bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impeding Catalyst Sulfur Poisoning in Aqueous Solution by Metal–Organic Framework Composites
Authors: Zhou Weiqiang , Teo Wei Liang , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Xi Shibo , Chen Bo , Jana Deblin , Wang Dongdong , Qian Cheng , Wang Hou , Zhang Hua , Zhao Yanli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeactivation of noble metal catalysts often occurs in many hydrocarbon reactions. In particular, sulfur species may cause significant poisoning of metal catalysts, even at minimal concentration, due to strong metal–S bond formation. In this work, hierarchical porous composites are prepared by integrating melamine foam with metal–organic frameworks, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity with anti‐sulfur poisoning properties. Several techniques are employed to elucidate the mechanism of anti‐sulfur poisoning. This study offers a functional composite system capable of acting as sulfur‐resistant noble metal catalysts in solution.
Assembly, Disassembly and Reassembly of Complex Coacervate Core Micelles with Redox‐Responsive Supramolecular Cross‐Linkers
Authors: Facciotti Camilla , Saggiomo Vittorio , Bunschoten Anton , ten Hove Jan Bart , Rood Marcus T. M. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Velders Aldrik H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolymer‐based micellar assemblies are gaining increasing attention in the smart materials field, yet the design of micelles that show redox‐responsive disassembly and, e. g., cargo release is still a challenge. To form redox‐responsive micelles, we developed cyclodextrin‐based coacervate core micelles that form under interplay of four orthogonal interactions: multivalent electrostatic coacervation, metal‐to‐ligand coordination chemistry, supramolecular host‐guest interactions, and a reversible covalent disulfide metal‐complex crosslinker. The cleavage of this crosslinker by dithiotreithol results in the breaking of oligomeric europium(III) structures in the core and results in the disassembly of the 70 nm size micelles. Over hours, due to the oxidation of thiolates to disulfides, monomeric units can re‐crosslink into oligomeric core‐units, favoring micellar reassembly. The time required to reassemble can be controlled by varying the reducing agent concentration or the ratio between redox‐responsive and non‐redox‐responsive crosslinkers. Controlled Methyl Red encapsulation and release indicate the potential of these micelles, for, e. g., controlled drug uptake and delivery.
Political risk in private participation projects: The effects of political discretionality and corruption
Authors: Jimenez Alfredo , Bayraktar Secil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of political risk on the performance of private participation infrastructure projects in emerging markets. Previous studies have shown that firms in regulated sectors are prone to employ political capabilities in their investments overseas. Our analysis of 32,257 projects in 114 emerging countries from 1997 to 2013 shows that higher political discretionality in the host country is negatively associated with project completion. In contrast, a higher level of corruption in the host country is positively associated with project completion. The study makes a contribution to the literature on political risk in foreign direct investments.
Global atmospheric moisture transport associated with precipitation extremes: Mechanisms and climate change impacts
Authors: Liu Bingjun , Tan Xuezhi , Gan Thian Y. , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Kairong , Lu Mengqian , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe atmospheric moisture transport processes are of great importance to the occurrence and intensity of precipitation extremes. In this paper, we review the linkage between processes, including the large‐scale atmospheric circulation, atmospheric moisture transport, and extreme precipitation events. We first summarize the thermodynamic and dynamic processes and moisture transport trackings for historical precipitation extremes. We then focus on the contribution of three major atmospheric moisture transport pathways, that is, atmospheric rivers, low‐level jets, and tropical cyclones, to the occurrence and intensity of regional precipitation extremes. Studies on large‐scale atmospheric circulation driving water vapor transport for precipitation extremes over East Asia and North America were specifically reviewed for the understanding of physical mechanisms and predictability of moisture transport and extreme precipitation events. We then pay more attention to the effects of global warming on atmospheric moisture transport, and thus regional precipitation extremes from the perspectives of thermodynamic and dynamic changes of the atmosphere. In the end, we summarize future research challenges on the physical mechanisms of atmospheric moisture transport that are associated with regional precipitation extremes, especially under a warming climate.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Radioxenon Releases from A Nuclear Power Plant: Stack Data and Atmospheric Measurements
Authors: Ringbom A. , Axelsson A. , Björnham O. , Brännström N. , Fritioff T. , Grahn H. , Hennigor S. , Olsson M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn analysis of a data set consisting of 3 years of high time resolution radioxenon stack measurements from the three nuclear reactors at the Forsmark nuclear power plant in Sweden, as well as measurements of atmospheric radioxenon in Stockholm air, 110 km away, is presented. The main causes for the stack releases, such as the function of the xenon mitigation systems, presence of leaking fuel elements, and reactor operations such as shutdown and startup, are discussed in relation to the stack data. The relation between radioxenon releases and reactor operation is clearly illustrated by the correlation between the stack measurements and thermal reactor power. In general, the isotopic ratios of the Stockholm measurements, which are shown to mainly originate from Forsmark releases, agree well with stack measurements, and with a modeled reactor operational sequence. Results from a forward atmospheric dispersion calculation agree very well with observed plume arrival times and widths, and with some exceptions, also with absolute activity concentrations. The results illustrates the importance of detailed knowledge of radioxenon emissions from nuclear power plants when interpreting radioxenon measurements for nuclear test ban verification, and provide new input to this kind of analysis. Furthermore, it demonstrates the possibility to use sensitive radioxenon detection systems to remotely detect and verify reactor operation.
Information disclosure by a seller in sequential first-price auctions
Authors: Āzacis Helmuts 
Published: January 2020

AbstractI study sequential first-price auctions where two items are sold to two bidders with private binary valuations. A seller, prior to the second auction, can publicly disclose some information about the outcome of the first auction. I characterize equilibrium strategies for various disclosure rules when the valuations of bidders are either perfectly positively or perfectly negatively correlated across items. I establish outcome equivalence between different disclosure rules. I find that it is optimal for the seller to disclose some information when the valuations are negatively correlated, whereas it is optimal not to disclose any information when the valuations are positively correlated. For most of the parameter values, the seller’s expected revenue is higher if the losing bid is disclosed. When only the winner’s identity is disclosed, the equilibrium is efficient whether the valuations are positively or negatively correlated.
Evolution of olfactory circuits in insects
Authors: Zhao Zhilei , McBride Carolyn S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen an explosion of interest in the evolution of neural circuits. Comparison of animals from different families, orders, and phyla reveals fascinating variation in brain morphology, circuit structure, and neural cell types. However, it can be difficult to connect the complex changes that occur across long evolutionary distances to behavior. Luckily, these changes accumulate through processes that should also be observable in recent time, making more tractable comparisons of closely related species relevant and complementary. Here, we review several decades of research on the evolution of insect olfactory circuits across short evolutionary time scales. We describe two well-studied systems,Drosophila sechelliaflies andHeliothismoths, in detailed case studies. We then move through key types of circuit evolution, cataloging examples from other insects and looking for general patterns. The literature is dominated by changes in sensory neuron number and tuning at the periphery—often enhancing neural response to odorants with new ecological or social relevance. However, changes in the way olfactory information is processed by central circuits is clearly important in a few cases, and we suspect the development of genetic tools in non-model species will reveal a broad role for central circuit evolution. Moving forward, such tools should also be used to rigorously test causal links between brain evolution and behavior.
Weakened SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean since 2000
Authors: Prigent Arthur , Lübbecke Joke F. , Bayr Tobias , Latif Mojib , Wengel Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA prominent weakening in equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability, occurring around the year 2000, is investigated by means of observations, reanalysis products and the linear recharge oscillator (ReOsc) model. Compared to the time period 1982–1999, during 2000–2017 the May–June–July SST variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has decreased by more than 30%. Coupled air–sea feedbacks, namely the positive Bjerknes feedback and the negative net heat flux damping are important drivers for the equatorial Atlantic interannual SST variability. We find that the Bjerknes feedback weakened after 2000 while the net heat flux damping increased. The weakening of the Bjerknes feedback does not appear to be fully explainable by changes in the mean state of the tropical Atlantic. The increased net heat flux damping is related to an enhanced response of the latent heat flux to the SST anomalies (SSTa). Strengthened trade winds as well as warmer SSTs are suggested to increase the air–sea specific humidity difference and hence, enhancing the latent heat flux response to SSTa. A combined effect of those two processes is proposed to be responsible for the weakened SST variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The ReOsc model supports the link between reduced SST variability, weaker Bjerknes feedback and stronger net heat flux damping.
Safety of the “Saxophone®” electrode in parotid surgery for continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring of the facial nerve: results of a pro- and retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stankovic Petar , Wittlinger Jan , Georgiew Robert , Dominas Nina , Reimann Katrin , Hoch Stephan , Wilhelm Thomas , Günzel Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Early facial nerve palsy (eFNP) is the most frequent complication of the parotidectomy. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in parotid surgery, which aims at reducing eFNP, has not evolved any further than the mere differentiation between the nerve and the surrounding tissue. Continuous IONM (cIONM), used in thyroid and posterior fossa surgery, has developed over the past years and has proved beneficial in reducing the rate of paresis in cases where a pattern of impending nerve injury is identified. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the safety of using the stimulating electrode (Saxophone®) for cIONM in parotid surgery.

Methods
From 2016 to 2018, 40 patients who were referred for primary parotidectomy under cIONM according to our study protocol (registered at the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS-ID: DRKS00011051, http://www.drks.de; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch) were included in this study. All patients with a normal preoperative facial nerve function [House–Brackman (HB)-Index 1] underwent surgery using continuous facial nerve stimulation with the Saxophone® electrode (system AVALANCHE XT, Dr. Langer Medical, Waldkirch, Germany). A control group which underwent parotidectomies with only intermittent IONM was recruited from our records.

Results
Half of the patients in our study group suffered from eFNP. All except one regained normal facial nerve function within 6 months of surgery. There was no significant difference regarding eFNP when compared to the control group without cIONM (p = 0.11). No statistically significant correlation between the stimulation threshold (p = 0.74) or the duration of nerve stimulation and eFNP was found (p = 0.51).

Conclusion
We have demonstrated the safety of using the Saxophone®-electrode for cIONM of the facial nerve in parotid surgery. Future development of this method could enable the recognition of impending nerve injury and thus reduce eFNP.
Brakke’s inequality for the thresholding scheme
Authors: Laux Tim , Otto Felix 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe continue our analysis of the thresholding scheme from the variational viewpoint and prove a conditional convergence result towards Brakke’s notion of mean curvature flow. Our proof is based on a localized version of the minimizing movements interpretation of Esedoğlu and the second author. We apply De Giorgi’s variational interpolation to the thresholding scheme and pass to the limit in the resulting energy-dissipation inequality. The result is conditional in the sense that we assume the time-integrated energies of the approximations to converge to those of the limit.
Laparoscopic and robotic lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer
Authors: Nakanishi Ryota , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Akiyoshi Takashi , Nagasaki Toshiya , Nagayama Satoshi , Mukai Toshiki , Ueno Masashi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Konishi Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the era of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision, overall oncological outcomes after curative resection of rectal cancer are excellent, with local recurrence rates as low as 5–10%. However, lateral nodal disease is a major cause of local recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. Patients with lateral nodal disease have a local recurrence rate of up to 30%. The oncological benefits of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in reducing local recurrence, particularly in the lateral compartment, have been demonstrated. Although LPLND is not standard in Western countries, technical improvements in minimally invasive surgery have resulted in rapid technical standardization of this complicated procedure. The feasibility and short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic LPLND have been reported widely. A minimally invasive approach has the advantages of less bleeding and providing a better surgical view of the deep pelvic anatomy than an open approach. With precise autonomic nerve preservation, postoperative genitourinary dysfunction has been reported to be minimal. We review recent evidence on the management of lateral nodal disease in rectal cancer and technical improvements of LPLND, focusing on laparoscopic and robotic LPLND.
5-ALA fluorescence in a WHO grade I papillary glioneuronal tumour: a case report
Authors: Lavrador José Pedro , Kandeel Hussein Shaaban , Kalb Alison , Reisz Zita , Al-Sarraj Safa , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev 
Published: January 2020

Abstract5-ALA is proven to be effective in high-grade glioma operative resection. The use of 5-ALA in WHO grade I lesions is still controversial. A 49-year-old lady was diagnosed in 2004 with a left temporal lobe lesion as an incidental finding; she was followed up clinically and radiologically. In 2016, the lesion showed contrast enhancement and she was offered surgical resection but given she is asymptomatic, she refused. In 2018, the lesion showed signs of transformation with ring contrast enhancement, increased vasogenic oedema and perfusion; the patient accepted surgery at that point. She had preoperative mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and she had operative resection with 5-ALA. The tumour was bright fluorescent under Blue 400 filter—Zeiss Pentero 900©(Carl Zeiss Meditec)—and both bright fluorescence and pale fluorescence were resected. Postoperative MRI showed complete resection and histopathology revealed WHO grade I papillary glioneuronal tumour, negative for BRAF V600 mutation. WHO grade I papillary glioneuronal tumour may present as 5-ALA fluorescent lesions. From a clinical perspective, 5-ALA can be used to achieve complete resections in these lesions which, in most cases, can be curative.
Efficiency and heat balance calculation of worm gears
Authors: Paschold Constantin , Sedlmair Martin , Lohner Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWorm gears enable compact gear design and high power density due to a high gear ratio within a single gear stage. However, they often show high sliding speeds within the tooth contact, resulting in high frictional heat and increased thermal stresses. Therefore, an exact calculation regarding efficiency and heat balance is essential in the early stages of gear design. Currently, no calculation method is available to automatically analyze worm gears with regard to efficiency and heat balance.The simulation program “WTplus” is widely used to calculate the efficiency and heat balance of gearbox systems containing cylindrical and bevel gears. The efficiency is determined by adding up load-dependent and no-load power losses of gears, bearings, seals and other rotating components. The calculation of the heat balance of the gearbox is based on the heat transfer between the single components, as well as heat dissipation to the environment. A suitable abstraction of the gearbox by nodal points is conducted for an efficient and accurate calculation of local temperatures using a thermal network model.The simulation program WTplus was extended to automatically analyze the efficiency and heat balance of various designs of worm gears. For this, new approaches for the calculation of load-dependent and no-load losses, as well as new algorithms for nodalization and node-linking, were developed and implemented. Moreover, essential formulas describing the thermal resistances were customized. Simulation results were validated with measurements from research and industry showing very close alignment for various operating points and gear designs.
Metabolic engineering ofEscherichia colito produce succinate from woody hydrolysate under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Zhu Fayin , Wang Chengqiang , San Ka-Yiu , Bennett George N 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is of great economic interest to produce succinate from low-grade carbon sources, e.g., lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate, which mainly contains glucose and xylose. Inactivation of the glucose uptake system PtsG was evaluated for succinate production from xylose-rich feedstocks. Strains with integration of succinate production modules into the chromosome of Escherichia coli were then constructed. These strains have better succinate production performance from xylose-rich feedstocks than strain FZ560 harboring pHL413KF1. Glucose utilization was enhanced in FZ661T by manipulation of the gal operon to allow efficient use of the high-concentration glucose in woody biomass hydrolysate. Up to 906.7 mM (107.0 g/L) succinate was produced from mixed sugars in fed-batch fermentation and more than 461.7 mM (54.5 g/L) succinate was produced from woody hydrolysate in a batch fermentation. In this study, FZ661T was able to produce succinate from woody hydrolysate in minimal medium efficiently, making it attractive for industrial applications in succinate production.
Construction of a switchable synthetic Escherichia coli for aromatic amino acids by a tunable switch
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Niu Hao , Huang Zhaosong , Li Qiang , Gu Pengfei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Escherichia coli, a model microorganism for which convenient metabolic engineering tools are available and that grows quickly in cheap media, has been widely used in the production of valuable chemicals, including aromatic amino acids. As the three aromatic amino acids, l-tryptophan, l-tyrosine, and l-phenylalanine, share the same precursors, to increase the titer of a specific aromatic amino acid, the branch pathways to the others are usually permanently inactivated, which leads to the generation of auxotrophic strains. In this study, a tunable switch that can toggle between different states was constructed. Then, a switchable and non-auxotrophic E. coli strain for synthesis of aromatic amino acids was constructed using this tunable switch. By adding different inducers to cultures, three different production patterns of aromatic amino acids by the engineered strain could be observed. This tunable switch can also be applied in regulating other branch pathways and in other bacteria.
Outmigration survival of wild Chinook salmon smolts through the Sacramento River during historic drought and high water conditions
Authors: Notch Jeremy J. , McHuron Alex S. , Michel Cyril J. , Cordoleani Flora , Johnson Matt , Henderson Mark J. , Ammann Arnold J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPopulations of wild spring-run Chinook salmon in California’s Central Valley, once numbering in the millions, have dramatically declined to record low numbers. Dam construction, habitat degradation, and altered flow regimes have all contributed to depress populations, which currently persist in only a few tributaries to the Sacramento River. Mill Creek (Tehama County) continues to support these threatened fish, and contains some of the most pristine spawning and rearing habitat available in the Central Valley. Despite this pristine habitat, the number of Chinook salmon returning to spawn has declined to record low numbers, likely due to poor outmigration survival rates. From 2013 to 2017, 334 smolts were captured and acoustic tagged while out-migrating from Mill Creek, allowing for movement and survival rates to be tracked over 250 km through the Sacramento River. During this study California experienced both a historic drought and record rainfall, resulting in dramatic fluctuations in year-to-year river flow and water temperature. Cumulative survival of tagged smolts from Mill Creek through the Sacramento River was 9.5% (±1.6) during the study, with relatively low survival during historic drought conditions in 2015 (4.9% ± 1.6) followed by increased survival during high flows in 2017 (42.3% ± 9.1). Survival in Mill Creek and the Sacramento River was modeled over a range of flow values, which indicated that higher flows in each region result in increased survival rates. Survival estimates gathered in this study can help focus management and restoration actions over a relatively long migration corridor to specific regions of low survival, and provide guidance for management actions in the Sacramento River aimed at restoring populations of threatened Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon.