bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural role of titanium on slag properties
Authors: Le Cornec Domitille , Galoisy Laurence , Izoret Laurent , Cormier Laurent , Trcera Nicolas , Calas Georges 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe presence of titanium in ground granulated blast‐furnace slags (GGBS) has been suspected to modify cement properties. This study provides the first evidence of a relation between the TiO2 content of slags and the mechanical properties of mortars based on slag cements. It is observed that only the slags containing less than 1%TiO2 show a compressive strength at 28 days that remains within the 52.5 MPa norm with CEM III cements complying with the European Standard NF EN 197‐1. The structural origin of this chemical dependence of the performance of cements is investigated by determining directly the titanium speciation in various European slags by spectroscopic methods. Electron paramagnetic resonance indicates that about 76% of Ti in slag occurs as Ti4+. The atomic structure around Ti was determined by Ti K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure, which shows that Ti is mainly five‐fold coordinated in square‐based pyramid geometry. Five coordinated Ti acts as network‐stabilizer of the silicate network as it increases the polymerization. Requiring Ca2+ for charge‐compensation of the titanyl bond, it reduces the availability of Ca2+ during glass alteration in a modified random model of glass structure, where Ca2+ atoms are clustered in percolating cationic domains. As a consequence, the presence of five‐coordinated Ti results in a slower dissolution of the slag. These peculiar structural properties of titanium may explain the detrimental role of Ti above a 1% concentration, for many physical and chemical slag properties. This work provides a scientific ground for the technological acceptability of the upper limit of the Ti‐content of GGBS.
Urinary vanin‐1 associated with chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients: A pilot study
Authors: Hosohata Keiko , Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Iwanaga Kazunori , Kumagai Etsuko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are serious interrelated public health problems. Despite the monitoring and control of high blood pressure, symptoms of CKD are not usually apparent in its early stages. Previously, we reported the utility of urinary vanin‐1 as an early biomarker of kidney injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but it remains unknown whether urinary vanin‐1 is associated with CKD in humans. In this study, we estimated associations between urinary vanin‐1 and parameters of kidney function in a cross‐sectional study of hypertensive patients. We measured concentrations of vanin‐1 using spot urine from 147 adult hypertensive patients (mean age, 72.8 years; 39.5% women). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the median of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The group with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 showed significantly higher levels of urinary vanin‐1 than those with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. On univariate analysis, urinary vanin‐1 as well as neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) showed significant negative correlations with eGFR; however, multivariate analysis revealed that urinary vanin‐1, but not NGAL, significantly correlated with eGFR. In addition, urinary vanin‐1 had a significant positive correlation with the urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPCR) (r = 0.21; P = .021) and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.61; P < .01). In conclusion, urinary vanin‐1 is associated with lower eGFR and higher UPCR and UACR, and might be a potential marker of decreased kidney function in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Brazilians with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus
Authors: Comini Luma de Oliveira , de Oliveira Laura Camargo , Borges Luiza Delazari , Dias Heloísa Helena , Batistelli Clara Regina Santos , Ferreira Emily de Souza , da Silva Luciana Saraiva , Moreira Tiago Ricardo , da Costa Glauce Dias , da Silva Rodrigo Gomes , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) accompanied by Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine, and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured in 841 subjects with AH and/or DM, followed by PHC in the city of Viçosa. The CKD was diagnosed according to KDIGO criteria. Sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric factors related to the prevalence of CKD were investigated through multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of hidden CKD was 15.4%. Of these, 7.5% were identified by albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g) with slightly decreased eGFR. Age, baseline disease, waist circumference (WC), and systolic blood pressure remained associated with CKD after multivariate analysis. The two major risk factors for hidden CKD were the presence of AH in association with DM and an increase in age. Hidden CKD was more common within people with AH and DM, and with high WC, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum phosphorus as well as male gender and decreased serum albumin. This knowledge of risk associations can help avoid progression to CKD.
Cardiac arrhythmias in arterial hypertension
Authors: Varvarousis Dimitrios , Kallistratos Manolis , Poulimenos Leonidas , Triantafyllis Andreas , Tsinivizov Pavlos , Giannakopoulos Andreas , Kyfnidis Konstantinos , Manolis Athanasios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients with arterial hypertension frequently manifest various cardiac rhythm disturbances, ranging from bradyarrhythmias to supraventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, or other supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. These cardiac arrhythmias may either cause symptoms or be completely asymptomatic, depending on the underlying cardiac function. Degenerative electrical disease and left ventricular hypertrophy constitute the principal pathophysiological mechanisms. This review summarizes all important existing evidence on cardiac arrhythmia manifestation in the setting of arterial hypertension, and it highlights known underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic considerations.
Low‐ and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise acutely reduce blood pressure in adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension
Authors: Lopes José , Fonseca Márcio , Torres‐Costoso Ana , López‐Muñoz Purificacion , Alves Alberto Jorge , Magalhães Pedro , Ribeiro Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to compare the acute effects of low‐ and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on post‐exercise blood pressure in active adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension. Thirteen physically active adults (67.0 ± 8.7 years) randomly completed two aerobic exercise sessions of 30 minutes at low (30% heart rate reserve [HRres]) and moderate (60% HRres) intensity. Blood pressure was assessed pre‐session and every hour until 3 hours after. Systolic blood pressure decreased after both exercise intensities without significant differences between sessions at 1 hour after the session (30%: −10.0 ± 12.6% vs 60%: −11.4 ± 12.7 mm Hg, P > .05). Three hours after the 60% session, the systolic blood pressure remained significantly lower than baseline (139.9 ± 12.9 to 129.3 ± 11.9 mm Hg, P < .05), but without significant differences between sessions. No relevant changes were observed in diastolic and mean blood pressure. In conclusion, a single session of aerobic exercise acutely reduces systolic blood pressure in active adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension.
Riverscape properties contribute to the origin and structure of a hybrid zone in a Neotropical freshwater fish
Authors: Barreto Silvia Britto , Knowles L. Lacey , Affonso Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello , Batalha‐Filho Henrique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the structure of hybrid zones provides valuable insights about species boundaries and speciation, such as the evolution of barriers to gene flow and the strength of selection. In river networks, studying evolutionary processes in hybrid zones can be especially challenging, given the influence of past and current river properties along with biological species‐specific traits. Here, we suggest that a natural hybrid zone between two divergent lineages of the sexually dimorphic Neotropical fishNematocharax venustuswas probably established by secondary contact as a result of a river capture event between the Contas and Pardo river basins. This putative river capture is supported by hydrogeological evidence of elbows of capture, wind gaps and geological faults. The morphological (colour pattern) and genetic (mtDNA and RADseq) variation reveal a clinal transition between parental lineages along the main river, with predominance of F2 hybrids at the centre of the hybrid zone, absence of early generation backcrosses and different levels of hybridization in the tributaries. We highlight that different sources of information are crucial for understanding how the riverscape spatial history influences the connectivity between and within river systems and, consequently, the dynamics of gene flow between freshwater lineages/species.
Potential role of primed microglia during obesity on the mesocorticolimbic circuit in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Trujillo Villarreal Luis A‐ , Cárdenas‐Tueme Marcela , Maldonado‐Ruiz Roger , Reséndez‐Pérez Diana , Camacho‐Morales Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease which involves functional and structural defects in selective central nervous system (CNS) regions that harm function and individual ability to process and respond to external stimuli. Individuals with ASD spend less time engaging in social interaction compared to non‐affected subjects. Studies employing structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging reported morphological and functional abnormalities in the connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway between the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in response to social stimuli, as well as diminished medial prefrontal cortex in response to visual cues, whereas stronger reward system responses for the non‐social realm (e.g., video games) than social rewards (e.g., approval), associated with caudate nucleus responsiveness in ASD children. Defects in the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway have been modulated in transgenic murine models using D2 dopamine receptor heterozygous (D2+/−) or dopamine transporter knockout mice, which exhibit sociability deficits and repetitive behaviors observed in ASD phenotypes. Notably, the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway is modulated by systemic and central inflammation, such as primed microglia, which occurs during obesity or maternal overnutrition. Therefore, we propose that a positive energy balance during obesity/maternal overnutrition coordinates a systemic and central inflammatory crosstalk that modulates the dopaminergic neurotransmission in selective brain areas of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway. Here, we will describe how obesity/maternal overnutrition may prime microglia, causing abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway, postulating a possible immune role in the development of ASD.
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Monitoring alpha‐synuclein oligomerization and aggregation using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays: What you see is not always what you get
Authors: Frey Bryan , AlOkda Abdelrahman , Jackson Matthew P. , Riguet Nathan , Duce James A. , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) was introduced a decade ago as a method to monitor alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) oligomerization in intact cells. Since then, several α‐syn BiFC cellular assays and animal models have been developed based on the assumption that an increase in the fluorescent signal correlates with increased α‐syn oligomerization or aggregation. Despite the increasing use of these assays and models in mechanistic studies, target validation and drug screening, there have been no reports that (1) validate the extent to which the BiFC fluorescent signal correlates with α‐syn oligomerization at the biochemical level; (2) provide a structural characterization of the oligomers and aggregates formed by the BiFC. To address this knowledge gap, we first analysed the expression level and oligomerization properties of the individual constituents of α‐syn‐Venus, one of the most commonly used BiFC systems, in HEK‐293 & SH‐SY5Y cells from three different laboratories using multiple biochemical approaches and techniques. Next, we investigated the biochemical and aggregation properties of α‐syn upon co‐expression of both BiFC fragments. Our results show that (1) the C‐terminal‐Venus fused to α‐syn (α‐syn‐Vc) is present in much lower abundance than its counterpart with N‐terminal‐Venus fused to α‐syn (Vn‐α‐syn); (2) Vn‐α‐syn exhibits a high propensity to form oligomers and higher‐order aggregates; and (3) the expression of either or both fragments does not result in the formation of α‐syn fibrils or cellular inclusions. Furthermore, our results suggest that only a small fraction of Vn‐α‐syn is involved in the formation of the fluorescent BiFC complex and that some of the fluorescent signal may arise from the association or entrapment of α‐syn‐Vc in Vn‐α‐syn aggregates. The fact that the N‐terminal fragment exists predominantly in an aggregated state also indicates that one must exercise caution when using this system to investigate α‐syn oligomerization in cells or in vivo. Altogether, our results suggest that cellular and animal models of oligomerization, aggregation and cell‐to‐cell transmission based on the α‐syn BiFC systems should be thoroughly characterized at the biochemical level to ensure that they reproduce the process of interest and measure what they are intended to measure.
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Seven strategies for the management of depigmented skin according to the etiopathogenesis
Authors: Awad Sherif S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDepigmented skin provides a considerable burden on the patient's daily life, and its management is a common challenge for dermatologists. Due to the well‐known management difficulty, many therapy modalities have been introduced. Both comprehension of the therapies mode of action and understanding of the depigmentation etiopathogenesis are together essential elements in choosing the proper interference. Accordingly seven main strategies are available: immuno‐modulation, melanocytes protection, hastening melanocytes homeostasis, induction of melanocyte precursors, supplying new generations of melanocytes, camouflage, and depigmentation. Systemic administration of medications is preferred for widespread lesions, but topical formulas can be used for localized patches and a combination of several approaches may be required.
Challenges and Best‐practice Recommendations for Designing and Conducting Interviews with Elite Informants
Authors: Solarino Angelo M. , Aguinis Herman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElite informants (i.e., those in the upper echelon of organizations) are a key data source for building and testing theories in management research. We offer best‐practice recommendations to overcome challenges in designing and conducting interviews with elite informants (EIs) based on a comprehensive and multidisciplinary literature review and information provided by subject matter experts (i.e., authors of recently published articles that included EI interviews). Given unique characteristics of EIs and differences compared to interviewing non‐EIs, we provide recommendations on how to address challenges related to: (1) research design (e.g., what is the best order for the interviews?); (2) data collection (e.g., how can researchers access EIs? what is the best format for the interview? how can researchers obtain more honest responses?); and (3) reporting of results (i.e., what information should researchers report and to whom?). Finally, we offer suggestions for future EI research focusing on methodological issues.
A parallel 3‐group randomised clinical trial comparing different implant treatment options for the edentulous mandible: 1‐year effects on dental patient‐reported outcomes and chewing function
Authors: Hartmann Roberto , Bandeira Ana Clara Freitas de Menezes , Araújo Sara Cristina de , Brägger Urs , Schimmel Martin , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis parallel three‐group randomised clinical trial compared the 1‐year changes in dental patient‐reported outcomes and chewing function associated with three treatment strategies for the edentulous mandible: single‐implant (G‐I; n = 11) or two‐implant overdentures (G‐II; n = 13), and fixed 4‐implant complete denture (G‐III; n = 13).MethodsComplete denture (CD) treatment was provided to all participants and after an adaptation period, they were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups. Implants (Neodent TI Cortical, Brazil) were inserted using single‐stage surgery and conventional loading. The mandibular dentures were incorporated into implants using specific retention systems and procedures according to the treatment group: O’ring/ball attachments for G‐I and GII, and mini‐conical abutments for G‐III. Patients were assessed at baseline (CD stage) and up to 1‐year after implant‐retained prosthodontic treatment. Treatment outcomes included oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐Edent), satisfaction with the dentures and chewing function using a mixing ability test. Data analyses included pairwise comparison tests, estimates of effect sizes and regression analysis using Generalized Estimating Equations.ResultsResults showed improvement in patient‐reported outcomes (lower OHIP‐Edent scores and higher satisfaction) and chewing function, compared to baseline. No significant between‐group differences were found, although effect sizes were lower for G‐III.ConclusionsAll treatments improved the assessed outcomes after transition from the baseline condition. Findings suggest that simplified implant treatments for edentulous patients result in favourable outcomes and may be considered as suitable alternatives to more complex interventions.
Masticatory function and oral health‐related quality of life of patients with atrophic and non‐atrophic mandibles using implant‐retained mandibular overdentures: 3‐year results of a prospective clinical study
Authors: Schuster Alessandra Julie , Possebon Anna Paula da Rosa , Marcello‐Machado Raissa Micaella , Chagas‐Júnior Otacílio Luiz , Faot Fernanda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term changes in masticatory function, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and prosthetic complications in implant‐retained mandibular overdenture (IMO) wearers as a function of bone atrophy require detailed investigations.ObjectiveInvestigating the evolution of masticatory function, OHRQoL and prosthetic occurrences of IMO wearers according to mandibular bone atrophy over 3 years of usage.MethodsThis study evaluated 26 IMO wearers after 2 and 3 years of IMO loading categorised according to mandibular resorption degree into atrophic mandible (AM) and a non‐atrophic mandible (NAM) group. Masticatory function was assessed by the Masticatory Performance (MP) and Swallowing Threshold (ST) tests; OHRQoL and satisfaction via the Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) questionnaire; and the prosthetic maintenance requirements and complications were monitored.ResultsAfter the second year, the AM Group performed 32% more cycles (P = .047) than the NAM Group during the ST test. The DIDL questionnaire showed no significant difference for all domains, except for a moderate effect size in the General Performance domain after the third year. AM Group had more prosthetic occurrences (n = 109) than NAM Group (n = 60) in the first year, mainly due to Equator attachment dislodgment. During the third year, NAM Group presented a greater number of events (n = 45) than AM Group (n = 21) due to the greater number of O‐ring exchanges.ConclusionMasticatory function and OHRQoL are not related to mandibular bone atrophy until 3 years after IMO rehabilitation. The prosthetic complications profile differs between groups, mainly in the first year.
Changes in conditions related to reported oral and general health over a ten‐year period as reflected in two cohorts of 75‐year‐old subjects examined in 2007 and 2017
Authors: Johansson Ann‐Katrin , Omar Ridwaan , Unell Lennart , Sannevik Josefin , Mastrovito Berit , Carlsson Gunnar E. , Johansson Anders 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rapidly ageing and increasingly dentate population puts great demands on society regarding the provision of adequate medical and dental care facilities.ObjectivesTo present changes in reported demographic, general and oral health factors in two cohorts of 75 year olds in 2007 and 2017, and to analyse factors associated with self‐reported number of remaining teeth and chewing efficiency.Material and methodsAll 75‐year‐old people living in two Swedish counties received a questionnaire in 2007 and in 2017. The response rates in 2007 and in 2017 were 71.9% (n = 3735) and 70.7% (n = 5091), respectively. Reported number of teeth was clinically validated in a selected subgroup.ResultsThe 2017 cohort reported significantly better general health and dental state. Edentulousness was 7.8% in 2007 and 2.3% in 2017, while ‘very good’ chewing efficiency was 55.2% and 60.5%, respectively. Born outside Sweden, single living, not feeling healthy and smoking predicted reduced number of teeth in both cohorts. Impaired chewing efficiency in both cohorts was predicted by being born outside Sweden, lower education, not feeling healthy, reduced number of teeth and denture wearing.ConclusionsSeventy‐five‐year‐old people in Sweden reported much better oral and general health in 2017 compared to 2007. In 2017, 75% had practically all natural teeth present and only 2% were edentulous. This development of an increasingly dentate and partially dentate ageing population will put high demands on the oral healthcare system and will need adapting undergraduate/postgraduate education and management strategies to meet the requirements of the elderly.
Importance of early diagnosis for developmental dysplasia of the hip: A 5‐year radiological outcome study comparing the effect of early and late diagnosis
Authors: St George Justine , Kulkarni Vinay , Bellemore Michael , Little David G , Birke Oliver 
Published: August 2020

AimAustralia utilises a selective ultrasound screening programme. The rate of late diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Australia is increasing. The aim of this study is to quantify the treatment required and compare the 5‐year radiological outcomes between early and late diagnosis in children with DDH with frank dislocation.MethodsWe performed a case‐matched control study of children with frank DDH dislocations from 2000 to 2010 comparing three groups: children with an early diagnosis successfully treated in a Pavlik harness (SP), children with an early diagnosis who failed Pavlik harness treatment (FP) and children with a late diagnosis (LD). Minimum follow‐up was 4 years.ResultsA total of 115 hips were included. Patients in the LD group required significantly more open reductions (P < 0.001), acetabular osteotomies (P < 0.001) and femoral osteotomies (P < 0.001). LD was also associated with significantly higher rates of growth disturbance at 46.3%, compared to 20.6% in the FP group and 5% in the SP group (P < 0.001). Overall, there were excellent radiological outcomes in 58.5% of the LD group compared to 79.4% in the FP group and 100% in the SP group.ConclusionIn Australia, high rates of LD in DDH persist in the context of selective ultrasound screening. While good radiological outcomes are achievable, a significantly greater level of surgical intervention is required and this is associated with significantly higher rates of growth disturbance. Optimisation of screening in Australia is vital.