bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Cycle of Imaging the Global Heliosphere: Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Observations from 2009–2019
Authors: McComas D. J. , Bzowski M. , Dayeh M. A. , DeMajistre R. , Funsten H. O. , Janzen P. H. , Kowalska-Leszczyńska I. , Kubiak M. A. , Schwadron N. A. , Sokół J. M. , Szalay J. R. , Tokumaru M. , Zirnstein E. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
NASA’s Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission has operated in space for a full solar activity cycle (Solar Cycle 24), and IBEX observations have exposed the global three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium for the first time. Here, we extend the prior IBEX observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) by adding a comprehensive analysis of four additional years (2016 through 2019). We document several improvements and rerelease the entire 11 yr, IBEX-Hi data set. The new observations track the continuing expansion of the outer heliosphere’s response to the large solar wind pressure increase in late 2014. We find that the intensification of ENAs from the heliosheath continued to expand progressively over time to directions farther from the initial, closest direction to the heliospheric boundaries, ∼20° south of the upwind direction. This expansion extended beyond the south pole in 2018 and the north pole in 2019, demonstrating that the termination shock and heliopause are closer in the south. The heliotail has not yet responded, indicating that the boundaries are significantly farther away in the downwind direction. Finally, the slow solar wind (∼1 keV) ENAs just started to intensify from the closest regions of the IBEX Ribbon. This is about two and a half years after the initial response from heliosheath ENAs and about four and a half years after the increase in solar wind output, both clearly implicating a “secondary ENA” source in the draped interstellar magnetic field, just beyond the heliopause.
X-Ray Binary Luminosity Function Scaling Relations in Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Globular Cluster Seeding of Low-mass X-Ray Binaries in Galactic Fields
Authors: Lehmer Bret D. , Ferrell Andrew P. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Monson Erik B. , Alexander David M. , Basu-Zych Antara , Brandt William N. , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Tzanavaris Panayiotis , Yukita Mihoko , Fragos Tassos , Ptak Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigate X-ray binary (XRB) luminosity function (XLF) scaling relations for Chandra-detected populations of low-mass XRBs (LMXBs) within the footprints of 24 early-type galaxies. Our sample includes Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observed galaxies at

Mpc that have estimates of the globular cluster (GC) specific frequency (S

N
) reported in the literature. As such, we are able to directly classify X-ray-detected sources as being coincident with unrelated background/foreground objects, GCs, or sources that are within the fields of the galaxy targets. We model the GC and field LMXB population XLFs for all galaxies separately and then construct global models characterizing how the LMXB XLFs vary with galaxy stellar mass and S

N
. We find that our field LMXB XLF models require a component that scales with S

N
and has a shape consistent with that found for the GC LMXB XLF. We take this to indicate that GCs are “seeding” the galactic field LMXB population, through the ejection of GC LMXBs and/or the diffusion of the GCs in the galactic fields themselves. However, we also find that an important LMXB XLF component is required for all galaxies that scales with stellar mass, implying that a substantial population of LMXBs are formed “in situ,” which dominates the LMXB population emission for galaxies with S

N
≲ 2. For the first time, we provide a framework quantifying how directly associated GC LMXBs, GC-seeded LMXBs, and in situ LMXBs contribute to LMXB XLFs in the broader early-type galaxy population.
Magnetic Field Generation by an Inhomogeneous Return Current
Authors: Ohira Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A new generation mechanism of the magnetic field in an inhomogeneous collisionless plasma with a beam component is proposed. We show that even though the current and charge neutralities are initially satisfied, the current neutrality is eventually violated if there is an inhomogeneity, so that the magnetic field is generated. By conducting ab initio two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that the magnetic field is generated as expected. The new generation mechanism of the magnetic field can play an important role in the current universe because cosmic rays can be regarded as the beam component in the astrophysical plasma. We propose that the first cosmic rays generate the magnetic field with a large scale at the redshift of z ≈ 20.
A Pair of Tidally Disrupted Galaxies from The Hubble Legacy Archive
Authors: Kargaltsev Oleg , Yang Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We describe archival, serendipitously obtained Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of a tidally disturbed galaxy pair (AM 0436–472 NED01/LEDA 503707) located at z = 0.058 (240 Mpc). The system likely belongs to peculiar ring galaxies of Solitaire type. We also analyze an archival optical spectrum of AM 0436–472 NED01 and report an upper limit in X-rays (0.2–10 keV).
Experimental Investigation of Oxidation of Pyroxene and Basalt: Implications for Spectroscopic Analyses of the Surface of Venus and the Ages of Lava Flows
Authors: Cutler K. S. , Filiberto J. , Treiman A. H. , Trang D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Alteration of basalt on the surface of Venus should be dominated by nanophase hematite and sulfate coatings, but the timescale of oxidation and how that affects spectroscopic measurements has not been extensively studied. The oxidation rate and the effect on reflectance spectroscopy are needed to constrain the age of lava flows with high emissivity that were previously measured by the European Space Agency's Venus Express Mission. Here we investigate the effects of oxidation on the mineralogy and visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy of augite, diopside, pyroxenite, and an alkali basalt. The experimental and spectroscopic data are used to constrain the surface basaltic weathering rates for Venus. Further, we use the spectroscopic measurements to constrain how quickly igneous signatures would degrade during oxidation of the surface. Our results show that basalt and olivine oxidize within weeks to months on the surface of Venus and their VNIR results are dominated by hematite. Pyroxenes take longer to alter with minor hematite forming on the surface—largely in cracks. Instead, Fe3+ is predominantly forming in the crystal structure. Our work suggests that if basalt on the surface of Venus contains olivine and/or glass, the high emissivity lavas previously measured would be only a few years old. If, instead, those high emissivity lavas are fully crystalline and contain no olivine or glass (which is unlikely), they would still only be decades to hundreds of years old. Therefore, this is consistent with recent work suggesting that Venus is volcanically active today.
Inertial Modes of a Freely Rotating Ellipsoidal Planet and Their Relation to Nutations
Authors: Rekier Jeremy , Triana Santiago A. , Trinh Antony , Dehant Véronique 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We compute the inertial modes of a freely rotating two-layer planetary model with an ellipsoidal inviscid fluid core and a perfectly rigid mantle. We present a method to derive analytical formulae for the frequencies of the free core nutation (FCN) and Chandler wobble (CW) that are valid to all orders of the dynamical flattening of the core and mantle, and we show how the FCN and CW are the direct generalization of the purely fluid spin-over mode and of the Eulerian wobble to the case where the mantle can oscillate freely around a state of steady rotation. Through a numerical computation for an axisymmetric (oblate spheroidal) planet, we demonstrate that all other inertial modes of the steadily rotating fluid core are also free modes of the freely rotating two-layer planet.
Féminisme et genre en débat sur Youtube
Authors: Despontin Lefèvre Irène 
Published: June 2020

Bien que sous-représentées sur Youtube, les femmes et les minorités de genre produisent du contenu vidéo sur la plateforme Youtube. Notre étude s’intéresse aux chaînes de quatre « vidéastes ordinaires » abordant des thématiques liées au féminisme et/ou au genre, permettant alors de questionner les conditions de production et de circulation de discours spécifiques sur une plateforme hautement hiérarchisée. Au-delà des seules productions visuelles, il s’agira ici de souligner les stratégies déployées pour être visible d’une part, et d’autre part, pour créer – et maintenir – des espaces de débats autour de thématiques spécifiques. En plus de l’analyse d’un corpus de vidéo, une série d’entretiens semi-directif a été réalisée avec ces youtubeur·euses.
Au-delà des nomenclatures de genres
Authors: Boyadjian Julien 
Published: June 2020

Si les étudiants apparaissent comme une catégorie particulièrement « omnivore » en matière de consommation musicale, leur répertoire d’écoute fait cependant peu de place aux genres « savants » (opéra, musique classique, jazz). Les pratiques et goûts culturels de cette population sembleraient donc bien échapper aux hiérarchies de genres et aux normes de la légitimité culturelle. Cet article propose de nuancer quelque peu ce constat, en adoptant une analyse centrée sur les artistes – et non uniquement sur les genres musicaux – écoutés des étudiants, tout en tenant compte de la diversité de cette population. Il ressort alors de l’enquête la persistance de logiques distinctives et d’inégalités culturelles en matière de consommation musicale au sein de la jeunesse étudiante.
Durer dans le champ médiatique
Authors: Schummer Baptiste 
Published: June 2020

Cet article vise à identifier les conditions et les logiques de l’exceptionnelle pérennité d’Alain Duhamel dans le paysage médiatique français. Une des caractéristiques de cette trajectoire singulière réside dans la précocité avec laquelle le chroniqueur en herbe intègre le sous-espace du journalisme politique de presse écrite. Cet accès fulgurant à une place centrale lui permet de se multi-positionner rapidement dans le champ médiatique (presse écrite, télévision, radio). Acquérant ainsi une prompte renommée auprès du grand public, grâce à la télévision essentiellement, Alain Duhamel parvient à bénéficier d’une reconnaissance dans d’autres champs satellites. En s’érigeant en interlocuteur, à la fois proche et distant, des plus grandes figures du champ politique, il peut notamment mettre en scène les coulisses de l’univers qu’il observe in situ dans ses essais et ses articles, et ainsi adopter une posture de mémorialiste de cour moderne. S’érigeant de la sorte en mémoire vivante de la V e République, Alain Duhamel se convertit en un label journalistique, un véhicule tout-terrain qui se déplace au gré de la demande médiatique, disséminant ses analyses surplombantes sur tous les supports disponibles, en tant qu’invité permanent des médias.
Customized Wavefront-Optimized Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for a Retained Lenticule Fragment After Primary SMILE
Authors: Chung Byunghoon , Kang David S.Y. , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Kim Tae-im 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:
To describe the surgical outcomes after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for a case of retained intrastromal lenticule fragment after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
Transepithelial PRK was performed to minimize corneal irregularity and to correct residual refractive errors in a patient who had undergone failed lenticule extraction, which resulted in a refractive lenticule fragment being retained for 14 months after primary SMILE.

RESULTS:
At the postoperative 6-month visit, uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity improved to 20/20 and 20/20, respectively, and corneal tomography depicted normalization of the corneal surface. Corneal higher order aberrations, including coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration, were markedly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transepithelial PRK is a potential option for the management of a retained lenticule fragment after primary SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(6):395–399.]
Les montagnes andines et ses habitants : le Pérou sous l’œil de la caméra de l’alpiniste français Lionel Terray (1952-1964)
Authors: Tessier-Brusetti Chloé 
Published: June 2020

Grande figure de l’alpinisme français de l’après-guerre, membre de huit expéditions, notamment dans les Andes et l’Himalaya, spécialiste des premières ascensions, Lionel Terray était passionné par la montagne, le cinéma et « poussé par la curiosité des hommes » [C’est le Pérou, film de Lionel Terray, en collaboration avec Marcel Ichac, Jean-Jacques Languepin (1964)]. Lors des ascensions de plusieurs sommets enneigés au Pérou en 1956 et à l’occasion de séjours postérieurs, il réalise des images sur la vie et les traditions des Indiens du Pérou ; il rapporte en France quelques bobines de film à partir desquelles il réalisera différents documentaires, dont l’un gagnera le Grand Prix du Film de Montagne et de l’Exploration au Festival International de Trente. Les films-portraits de Terray, bien qu’ils soient empreints d’exotisme et de stéréotypes, s’inscrivent avant tout dans la curiosité et la reconnaissance de l’autre, à une époque où la nation péruvienne peine à admettre sa pluralité culturelle.
Enfants sans foyer : Le débat sur l’adoption en Italie dans les années 1960 et 1970
Authors: Inaudi Silvia 
Published: June 2020

L’article vise à analyser le débat politique et culturel sur les adoptions, avec une référence particulière à la promulgation de la loi sur l’adoption spéciale nº 431, 5 juin 1967 dans le contexte plus large des changements au sein de la famille dans les années 1960 et 1970. La loi sur l’adoption spéciale, même si pas autant prise en considération par l’historiographie que le droit de la famille et les lois sur le divorce et l’avortement, s’inscrit pleinement, en raison de son importance symbolique, dans les réformes qui ont caractérisé la transition de ces décennies et la modernisation de la société italienne.
Cell Type– and Stimulation-Dependent Transcriptional Programs Regulated by Atg16L1 and Its Crohn's Disease Risk Variant T300A
Authors: Varma Mukund , Kadoki Motohiko , Lefkovith Ariel , Conway Kara L. , Gao Kevin , Mohanan Vishnu , Tusi Betsabeh Khoramian , Graham Daniel B. , Latorre Isabel J. , Tolonen Andrew C. , Khor Bernard , Ng Aylwin , Xavier Ramnik J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants impacting human diseases; however, there are indications that the functional consequences of genetic polymorphisms can be distinct depending on cell type–specific contexts, which produce divergent phenotypic outcomes. Thus, the functional impact of genetic variation and the underlying mechanisms of disease risk are modified by cell type–specific effects of genotype on pathological phenotypes. In this study, we extend these concepts to interrogate the interdependence of cell type– and stimulation-specific programs influenced by the core autophagy gene Atg16L1 and its T300A coding polymorphism identified by genome-wide association studies as linked with increased risk of Crohn's disease. We applied a stimulation-based perturbational profiling approach to define Atg16L1 T300A phenotypes in dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Accordingly, we identified stimulus-specific transcriptional signatures revealing T300A-dependent functional phenotypes that mechanistically link inflammatory cytokines, IFN response genes, steroid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism in dendritic cells and iron homeostasis and lysosomal biogenesis in T lymphocytes. Collectively, these studies highlight the combined effects of Atg16L1 genetic variation and stimulatory context on immune function.
Loss of IL-27Rα Results in Enhanced Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis Associated with Elevated Th17 Responses
Authors: Coppock Gaia M. , Aronson Lillian R. , Park Jihwan , Qiu Chengxiang , Park Jeongho , DeLong Jonathan H. , Radaelli Enrico , Suszták Katalin , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have established that immune cells such as alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and Th17 cells play a role in the progression of chronic kidney disease, but the endogenous pathways that limit these processes are not well understood. The cytokine IL-27 has been shown to limit immune-mediated pathology in other systems by effects on these cell types, but this has not been thoroughly investigated in the kidney. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed on wild-type and IL-27Rα−/− mice. After 2 wk, kidneys were extracted, and the degree of injury was measured by hydroxyproline assay and quantification of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin mRNA. Immune cell infiltrate was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. An anti–IL-17A mAb was subsequently administered to IL-27Rα−/− mice every 2 d from day of surgery with evaluation as described after 2 wk. After unilateral ureteral obstruction, IL-27 deficiency resulted in increased tissue injury and collagen deposition associated with higher levels of chemokine mRNA and increased numbers of M2 macrophages. Loss of the IL-27Rα led to increased infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells that coproduced IL-17A and TNF-α, and blockade of IL-17A partially ameliorated kidney injury. Patients with chronic kidney disease had elevated serum levels of IL-27 and IL-17A, whereas expression of transcripts for the IL-27RA and the IL-17RA in the tubular epithelial cells of patients with renal fibrosis correlated with disease severity. These data suggest that endogenous IL-27 acts at several points in the inflammatory cascade to limit the magnitude of immune-mediated damage to the kidney.
HMGB1-Neutralizing IgM Antibody Is a Normal Component of Blood Plasma
Authors: Geng Yajun , Munirathinam Gnanasekar , Palani Sunil , Ross Joseph E. , Wang Bin , Chen Aoshuang , Zheng Guoxing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern. Although a homeostatic level of extracellular HMGB1 may be beneficial for immune defense, tissue repair, and tissue regeneration, excessive HMGB1 is linked to inflammatory diseases. This prompts an intriguing question: how does a healthy body control the level of extracellular HMGB1? In this study, in the plasma of both healthy humans and healthy mice, we have identified an anti-HMGB1 IgM autoantibody that neutralizes extracellular HMGB1 via binding specifically to a 100% conserved epitope, namely HMW4 (HMGB198–112). In mice, this anti-HMW4 IgM is produced by peritoneal B-1 cells, and concomitant triggering of their BCR and TLR4 by extracellular HMGB1 stimulates the production of anti-HMW4 IgM. The ability of extracellular HMGB1 to induce its own neutralizing Ab suggests a feedback loop limiting the level of this damage-associated molecular pattern in a healthy body.
Influenza Suppresses Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lung and Exacerbates Secondary Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Tobin Joshua M. , Nickolich Kara L. , Ramanan Krishnaveni , Pilewski Matthew J. , Lamens Kristina D. , Alcorn John F. , Robinson Keven M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus that can cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis when spores are inhaled into the respiratory tract and invade airway or lung tissue. Influenza is a common respiratory virus that can cause severe respiratory disease, and postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which is becoming a well-recognized clinical problem, typically occurs in critically ill patients. Mice challenged with influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 and subsequently challenged with A. fumigatus had increased fungal burden, viral burden, inflammation, and mortality compared with single infected mice. Neutrophil recruitment in the lung of superinfected mice was decreased; however, mice were not neutropenic, and there was no difference in absolute blood neutrophils between groups. Additionally, CXCL1 and CXCL2 were decreased in lungs of superinfected mice compared with controls. IFN levels were increased in mice that received influenza, and deletion of STAT1 resulted in decreased fungal burden, increased airway and lung neutrophils, and increased CXCL1 compared with wild-type mice, whereas deletion of STAT2 did not change fungal burden or airway neutrophilia compared with wild-type mice. These data demonstrate a mechanism by which influenza A–induced STAT1 signaling inhibits neutrophil recruitment and increases susceptibility to postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Kondisi Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat
Authors: Hadiyat Yayat D. 
Published: June 2020

Geographical conditions and the vast area of Indonesia make it difficult to development of ICT infrastructure. Southeast Maluku district is one of the districts the form of islands that succeeded in the development of ICT with ICT-Pura awarded in 2011. Although successful in the development of ICT, in its development, there are some obstacles. This study is a qualitative study aimed to describe the condition of ICT infrastructure and the problems encountered in the development of ICT in Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat. The data collection methods used were interviews, direct observation, and documentation. Results showed that Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat has had a good ICT Infrastructure through the universal service obligation (USO). There are some problems faced by the local government and has made a road map for the development of ICT as a reference in the development of ICT. The recommendation of this study include equity necessary ICT infrastructure in other districts because ICT infrastructure being concentrated in Saumlaki and Larat. Coordination and consultation between needs to be improved. The quality and quantity of human resources field of communication and information needs to be increased.
Keywords: infrastructure, geography, information and communication technology

ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang berbentuk kepulauan yang berhasil dalam pengembangan TIK dengan memperoleh penghargaan ICT-Pura pada tahun 2011. Meski berhasil dalam pengembangan TIK, dalam perkembangannya ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kondisi infrastruktur TIK dan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan TIK di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi langsung, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat telah memiliki infrastrutur TIK yang cukup baik melalui program kewajiban pelayanan universal (KPU)/universal service obligation (USO). Ada beberapa permasalahan yang dialami oleh pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat dan telah membuat road map pembangunan TIK sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan TIK. Adapun rekomendasi dari penelitian ini antara lain perlu pemerataan sarana dan prasarana TIK di kecamatan lain karena infrastuktur TIK hanya terpusat di Saumlaki dan Larat. Koordinasi dan konsultasi baik itu dengan antar instansi Kominfo kabupaten/kota se-Maluku dengan Kominfo Provinsi Maluku maupun Kementerian Kominfo perlu ditingkatkan. Kualitas dan kuantitas SDM aparatur bidang komunikasi dan informatika perlu ditingkatkan lagi.
Kata Kunci: infrastruktur, geografis, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi