bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stress of Arctic warming on polar bears
Authors: Boonstra Rudy , Bodner Korryn , Bosson Curtis , Delehanty Brendan , Richardson Evan S. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Derocher Andrew E. , Molnár Péter K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArctic ecosystems are changing rapidly in response to climate warming. While Arctic mammals are highly evolved to these extreme environments, particularly with respect to their stress axis, some species may have limited capacity to adapt to this change. We examined changes in key components of the stress axis (cortisol and its carrier protein—corticosteroid binding globulin [CBG]) in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from western Hudson Bay (N = 300) over a 33 year period (1983–2015) during which time the ice‐free period was increasing. Changing sea ice phenology limits spring hunting opportunities and extends the period of onshore fasting. We assessed the response of polar bears to a standardized stressor (helicopter pursuit, darting, and immobilization) during their onshore fasting period (late summer–autumn) and quantified the serum levels of the maximum corticosteroid binding capacity (MCBC) of CBG, the serum protein that binds cortisol strongly, and free cortisol (FC). We quantified bear condition (age, sex, female with cubs or not, fat condition), sea ice (breakup in spring–summer, 1 year lagged freeze‐up in autumn), and duration of fasting until sample collection as well as cumulative impacts of the latter environmental traits from the previous year. Data were separated into “good” years (1983–1990) when conditions were thought to be optimal and “poor” years (1991–2015) when sea ice conditions deteriorated and fasting on land was extended. MCBC explained 39.4% of the variation in the good years, but only 28.1% in the poor ones, using both biological and environmental variables. MCBC levels decreased with age. Changes in FC were complex, but more poorly explained. Counterintuitively, MCBC levels increased with increased time onshore, 1 year lag effects, and in poor ice years. We conclude that MCBC is a biomarker of stress in polar bears and that the changes we document are a consequence of climate warming.
A study of system execution of performance appraisal
Authors: McClendon John A. , Deckop John R. , Han Soojung , Petrucci Tony 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDissatisfaction with traditional performance appraisal (PA) has led some organizations to eliminate formal reviews entirely and to substitute alternative methods of performance feedback, while other firms search for ways to improve the formal process. This study attempts to contribute to the ongoing debate about the future of PA by investigating the effects of an understudied aspect of the PA process: how well the PA system is executed by the supervisor. Our results indicate that system execution explains a significant amount of variance in intention to improve over and above a host of variables studied in previous PA studies, and that these effect sizes suggest clear practical significance.
Effectiveness of school‐based mental well‐being interventions among adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Cilar Leona , Štiglic Gregor , Kmetec Sergej , Barr Owen , Pajnkihar Majda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThis systematic review aimed to identify school‐based interventions for ensuring mental health and well‐being of adolescents, synthesize existing interventions, and summarize the quality of identified studies.DesignA systematic review, analysis, and synthesis were performed.Data sourcesSearch was performed in Cochrane Library, PsychARTICLES, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Medline.Review methodsLiterature search was performed in March 2019 using inclusion and exclusion criteria. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Identified records were reviewed by title, abstract, and by the full text by two independent researchers. Three authors independently made a quality assessment of the included studies. Included studies were extracted and synthesized. A systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019128919).ResultsThe initial search yielded 1,199 articles. Of them, 57 articles were included in the final analysis and synthesis. Only four studies were assessed as high quality. Identified themes were mental health and well‐being, positive psychology, problem‐solving and stress reduction, mindfulness, and physical activity. More than half (N = 32, 56.14%) interventions showed a positive outcome after implementation. Most of those interventions focused on positive psychology and mindfulness.ConclusionMental well‐being is important for the healthy development of adolescents. Countries are aware that healthy adolescents will become healthy adults who will contribute to his/her community and will lower costs of the absence of work and treatments. Thus, they support and invest in interventions that prevent mental disorders. There is a need for developing multidimensional mental well‐being interventions that are effective in low‐ and secondary‐income countries.ImpactThis study ensured rigorous methodology, followed PRISMA recommendations and evaluated quality of identified literature using the GRADE guidelines. A critical synthesis was performed to produce an integrated conceptualization of the evidence. The synthesis represents a list of effective school interventions for the promotion of adolescents’ mental well‐being.
Redundancy or progress? A response to Driscoll et al. (2019)
Authors: Katinas Liliana , Ladle Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDriscoll et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2019, 46, 2850–2859) provide a critique of ‘Countryside Biogeography’, but also include ‘Conservation Biogeography’ and ‘Agriculture Biogeography’ in their criticisms. Their main thesis is that these new sub‐disciplines offer a ‘conceptual wrapper’ rather than distinctive frameworks and that the consequent redundancy of terms has the potential to sow confusion among biogeographers and slow progress. Here we argue that, far from sowing confusion Conservation Biogeography, for example, has provided important focal points for emerging scientific discourse, promoting new research, spawning undergraduate and graduate courses, and facilitating the formation of new scientific collaborations. The success or failure of a new sub‐discipline depends on its utility. If new framings sow confusion, introduce redundancy and provide no new insights they will not be widely adopted and cited. The development of new sub‐disciplines is a strong indicator of a vibrant, socially relevant and intellectually adventurous research area.
Serum proteome profiling reveals SOX3 as a candidate prognostic marker for gastric cancer
Authors: Shen Jiajia , Zhai Jing , Wu Xinqian , Xie Guiping , Shen Lizong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSearching for the novel tumour biomarkers is pressing for gastric cancer diagnostication and prognostication. The serum specimens from patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric carcinoma before operation and 4 week after surgery were collected, respectively, and serum proteome profiling was conducted by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Fifty‐five proteins were identified to be up‐regulated and 16 proteins were down‐regulated, and these differentially expressed proteins participated in various biological processes. Serum levels of SOX3, one of down‐regulated proteins, in stomach cancer patients were higher than in healthy controls. SOX3 levels in cancer tissues were remarkably related to tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis, primary tumour invasion and pTNM (pathological TNM) stage. Analysis with The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that SOX3 level and pTNM stage were the independent risk factors for the patient survival and that the overall survival was negatively associated with the SOX3 levels. Loss‐of‐function showed that SOX3 promoted gastric cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. SOX3 silence inhibits the expression of MMP9, and SOX3 is responsible for MMP9 expression transcriptionally. Our study highlights the potentiality of the paired pre‐ and post‐operation serum proteome signatures for the detection of biomarkers and reveals that SOX3 may serve as a candidate prognosis marker for gastric cancer.
Protection of melatonin against acidosis‐induced neuronal injuries
Authors: Shi Yan , Cai Er‐Li , Yang Can , Ye Chao‐Yuan , Zeng Peng , Wang Xiao‐Ming , Fang Ying‐Yan , Cheng Zhi‐Kang , Wang Qun , Cao Fu‐Yuan , Zhou Xin‐Wen , Tian Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcidosis, a common feature of cerebral ischaemia and hypoxia, plays a key role in these pathological processes by aggravating the ischaemic and hypoxic injuries. To explore the mechanisms, in this research, we cultured primary neurons in an acidic environment (potential of hydrogen [pH]6.2, 24 hours) to mimic the acidosis. By proteomic analysis, 69 differentially expressed proteins in the acidic neurons were found, mainly related to stress and cell death, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. And, the acidotic neurons developed obvious alterations including increased neuronal death, reduced dendritic length and complexity, reduced synaptic proteins, tau hyperphosphorylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation, abnormal lysosome‐related signals, imbalanced oxidative stress/anti‐oxidative stress and decreased Golgi matrix proteins. Then, melatonin (1 × 10−4 mol/L) was used to pre‐treat the cultured primary neurons before acidic treatment (pH6.2). The results showed that melatonin partially reversed the acidosis‐induced neuronal death, abnormal dendritic complexity, reductions of synaptic proteins, tau hyperphosphorylation and imbalance of kinase/phosphatase. In addition, acidosis related the activations of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and nuclear factor‐κB signals, ER stress and Golgi stress, and the abnormal autophagy‐lysosome signals were completely reversed by melatonin. These data indicate that melatonin is beneficial for neurons against acidosis‐induced injuries.
Definition of minimal disease activity in psoriasis
Authors: Carretero G. , Carrascosa J.M. , Puig L. , Sánchez‐Carazo J.L. , López‐Ferrer A. , Cueva P. , Soria C. , Rivera R. , Belinchón I. ,   The Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology, Venereology
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo generate an operational definition to adequately reflect the construct ‘Minimal Disease Activity (MDA)’ in psoriasis.MethodsA systematic review of domains included in clinical trials of psoriasis was presented to a panel of dermatologists and patients. Further domains were elicited by panel discussions. Domains (and instruments measuring these) were items of two consecutive Delphi rounds targeting dermatologists from the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and patients from the Acción Psoriasis association. The instruments selected were used to generate 388 patient vignettes. The expert group then classified these vignettes as ‘No MDA/MDA/Unclassifiable’. The items were further reduced by factorial analysis. Using the classification variable as gold standard, several operational constructions were tested in regression models and ROC curves and accuracy was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe following domains were included: itching, scaling, erythema and visibility by 0–10 scales, extension by BSA, impact on quality of life by DLQI, special location and presence of arthritis as yes/no. The definition with the highest AUC and best balance between sensitivity and specificity was the one including no presence of arthritis plus at least three others below the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (AUC, 0.897; sensitivity, 95.2%, specificity, 84.1%).ConclusionThis study provides, for the very first time, the construct of ‘Minimal Disease Activity’ in psoriasis as agreed by dermatologists and patients. MDA is defined as absence of active arthritis plus 3 out of 6: itching ≤ 1/10; scaling ≤ 2/10; redness ≤ 2/10; visibility ≤ 2/10; BSA ≤ 2; DLQI ≤ 2; and no lesions in special locations. By design, domains are representative of disease impact. This MDA definition may be used as a measure of adequate management and replace other subjective or restrictive tools.
Epidemiologic study in a real‐world analysis of patients with treatment for psoriasis in the French national health insurance database
Authors: Grodner C. , Sbidian E. , Weill A. , Mezzarobba M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is one of the most frequent chronic inflammatory dermatoses in the world. Data on the prevalence of psoriasis in adults differ depending on the study.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of patients with treatment for psoriasis in France and to identify and characterize patients receiving systemic treatments.MethodsThis was a French, nationwide cohort study based on health administrative data from the French national health insurance scheme linked to the national hospital discharge database (SNDS‐PMSI). All adults with psoriasis registered in the SNDS between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016 were eligible for inclusion. All patients with a new prescription for a systemic treatment for psoriasis were included.ResultsA total of 874 549 patients were identified as having psoriasis (mean ± SD age 53.8 ± 17 years; 52.4% males); 112 969 (13%) had filled at least one prescription for a systemic medication used to treat psoriasis. The prevalence of patients with treatment for psoriasis was estimated at 1.3%. Overall, 73 168 and 16 545 were new users of conventional systemic treatments and biologics, respectively. The most frequent comorbidities associated with psoriasis were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionThe prevalence of psoriasis we found was lower than in other studies. It was probably underestimated because we identified only patients with treatment for psoriasis. Our results concerning comorbidities associated with psoriasis patients requiring systemic treatment were similar to those from other published studies using other data sources, highlighting our ability to catch moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. This study highlights the usefulness and reliability of the use of insurance databases in studies, because they allow for a better application to the general population.
A Response Time Process Model for Not‐Reached and Omitted Items
Authors: Lu Jing , Wang Chun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractItem nonresponses are prevalent in standardized testing. They happen either when students fail to reach the end of a test due to a time limit or quitting, or when students choose to omit some items strategically. Oftentimes, item nonresponses are nonrandom, and hence, the missing data mechanism needs to be properly modeled. In this paper, we proposed to use an innovative item response time model as a cohesive missing data model to account for the two most common item nonresponses: not‐reached items and omitted items. In particular, the new model builds on a behavior process interpretation: a person chooses to skip an item if the required effort exceeds the implicit time the person allocates to the item (Lee & Ying, 2015; Wolf, Smith, & Birnbaum, 1995), whereas a person fails to reach the end of the test due to lack of time. This assumption was verified by analyzing the 2015 PISA computer‐based mathematics data. Simulation studies were conducted to further evaluate the performance of the proposed Bayesian estimation algorithm for the new model and to compare the new model with a recently proposed “speed‐accuracy + omission” model (Ulitzsch, von Davier, & Pohl, 2019). Results revealed that all model parameters could recover properly, and inadequately accounting for missing data caused biased item and person parameter estimates.
Agricultural holdings with undefined boundaries, communal systems and counter‐hegemonies: The persistence of the peasantry in Argentina
Authors: Paz Raúl G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe presence of agricultural holdings with undefined boundaries (AHUBs) and their heterogeneous geographical distribution questions the supposed hegemony of agribusiness in Argentina. Given the lack of defined boundaries, these holdings generate a communal culture among dwellers, which is reflected in both the strategies of the use of commons and the initiatives for the defence of land in the conflicts between peasants and entrepreneurs. This article describes two counter‐enclosure experiences that were generated and have developed on the bedrock of AHUBs and a communal matrix. Those defence strategies are employed by families that possess the land but have not title to it, being a defence tactic against attempts of eviction. AHUB not only is a new census category that allows us to enhance our knowledge of the rural world but also proposes modes of production that differ from those of the capitalist model, showing possible counter‐hegemonic development alternatives that arise from the practices used in these holdings.
Prosthesis Survival Rates and Prosthetic Complications of Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Fraser David , Lampraki Evangelia , Einarsdottir Erna R. , Barmak Abdul Basir , Papaspyridakos Panos , Ercoli Carlo , Tsigarida Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence and distribution of prosthetic complications affecting implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs).Materials and MethodsSubjects previously treated with one or more ISFDP(s) were identified from an electronic health record search and recalled for comprehensive clinical examination. Past prosthesis failures and complications were identified from the patient records while any existing complications, not previously recorded, were assessed during examination. ISFDP survival and failure rates were calculated with Kaplan‐Meier curves and life table analysis, while regression Poisson analysis was used to identify associations between outcomes and possible patient‐ and prosthesis‐based risk factors.ResultsSeventy‐four subjects with 107 ISFDPs were enrolled in the study with a mean time between prosthesis delivery and exam of 3.14 years (range: 1.00‐9.00 years). Four prostheses failed, resulting in a cumulative prosthesis survival rate of 96.26%. Prosthetic complications affected 48.59% of ISFDPs, the majority (94.87%) of them minor complications. Only the use of a nightguard was associated with a lower prevalence of prosthetic screw loosening (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02‐0.59, p = 0.007) while no outcome differences were noted for other variables. Patient satisfaction was high regardless of presence or number of complications.ConclusionsISFDPs demonstrated a high survival rate and overall high, patient‐reported satisfaction. Minor prosthetic complications were common but were only significantly associated with nightguard use.
Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterizing the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem Gnathostomata)
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. , Greenwood Jenny M. , Deline Bradley , Martínez‐Pérez Carlos , Botella Héctor , Sansom Robert S. , Ruta Marcello , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMorphological variation (disparity) is almost invariably characterized by two non‐mutually exclusive approaches: (1) quantitatively, through geometric morphometrics; and (2) in terms of discrete, ‘cladistic’, or categorical characters. Uncertainty over the comparability of these approaches diminishes the potential to obtain nomothetic insights into the evolution of morphological disparity and the few benchmarking studies conducted so far show contrasting results. Here, we apply both approaches to characterizing morphology in the stem‐gnathostome clade Osteostraci in order to assess congruence between these alternative methods as well as to explore the evolutionary patterns of the group in terms of temporal disparity and the influence of phylogenetic relationships and habitat on morphospace occupation. Our results suggest that both approaches yield similar results in morphospace occupation and clustering, but also some differences indicating that these metrics may capture different aspects of morphology. Phylomorphospaces reveal convergence towards a generalized ‘horseshoe’‐shaped cranial morphology and two strong trends involving major groups of osteostracans (benneviaspidids and thyestiids), which probably reflect adaptations to different lifestyles. Temporal patterns of disparity obtained from categorical and morphometric approaches appear congruent, however, disparity maxima occur at different times in the evolutionary history of the group. The results of our analyses indicate that categorical and continuous data sets may characterize different patterns of morphological disparity and that discrepancies could reflect preservational limitations of morphometric data and differences in the potential of each data type for characterizing more or less inclusive aspects of overall phenotype.
School health promotion in South‐East Asia by Japan and partners
Authors: Estrada Crystal Amiel M. , Gregorio Ernesto R. , Kanyasan Kethsana , Hun Jeudyla , Tomokawa Sachi , Dumlao Maria Corazon , Kobayashi Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSchool health promotion in South‐East Asia has developed rapidly in recent years, and Japan has been one of the significant contributors to the reinforcement of school health promotion in the region. Starting from the Hashimoto Initiative on global parasite control, Japan advocated for international partnerships with several agencies for the development of school health programs in South‐East Asia. Through a strengthened collaboration with international organizations, countries such as the Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Thailand have created and implemented school health programs on nutrition, sanitation, and deworming, among others. In addition to school health program formulation and implementation, the expanded network in South‐East Asia led to more capable school health personnel, with many workers in the education and health sectors benefitting from the training programs jointly held by collaborating organizations.
Children’s individual voices are required for adequate management of fear and pain during hospital care and treatment
Authors: Kleye Ida , Hedén Lena , Karlsson Katarina , Sundler Annelie J. , Darcy Laura 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundChildren often report both fear and pain in conjunction with clinical care and treatment. Interventions developed in the field have still not been sufficient to prevent and relieve children's fear and pain. More knowledge, from children’s own perspectives, is needed about how they deal with their experiences.AimTo explore child‐identified strategies that children use to manage fear and pain during needle‐related medical procedures in hospital.MethodsInterviews with children, age 4–12 years, with experience of hospital care were analysed qualitatively using content analysis.ResultsChildren have self‐identified strategies for dealing with fear and pain during hospital care and treatment. The strategies vary depending on examination or treatment and on how the child felt at that particular day. Children describe what they can do themselves, how adults can empower them and support from surroundings as strategies that give them a choice and a voice. Children wished to have influence, decide when and how information should be given, scream out loud or squeeze something hard, to deal with fear and pain. The results also show that children tried to be brave, gain control and think positively. Something nice to look at and opportunities to play with others also contributed.ConclusionsStrategies vary between children and are used differently on different occasions. Healthcare professionals pose a threat to the child's needs and ability to use their strategies due to lack of knowledge of the child’s chosen strategies.