bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Jet Parameters for Minimizing Surface Roughness in Cryogenic Milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Han Lingsheng , Liu Kuo , Gan Yongquan , Dai Minghua , Liu Haibo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cryogenic machining of titanium alloys using the internal cooling method is being identified as an alternative effective process to current practice of machining materials with poor thermal conductivity. The choice of jet parameters is particularly important for improving their machining quality and saving the production cost simultaneously. This research aimed to minimize the surface roughness by optimizing the comprehensive jet parameters in cryogenic milling Ti-6Al-4V. By comparing the cooling capability of liquid nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen, the influence mechanism of nitrogen phase on surface roughness was illuminated. A self-developed cryogenic machine tool with conveying liquid nitrogen through the spindle and tool was specially used to carry out milling experiments. The results indicated that the nitrogen phase had a most significant effect on surface roughness, followed by the pressure while the effect of flowrate was lowest. A lower volume fraction of gas, a higher pressure, and a proper flowrate could produce a lower surface roughness. An optimal combination of jet parameters was ultimately selected as the liquid nitrogen with 45 l/h of flowrate and 0.6 MPa of pressure to obtain the minimum surface roughness at 0.076 μm.
A Social Media Analysis of the Gendered Representations of Female and Male Athletes During the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Authors: Yang Elaine Chiao Ling , Hayes Michelle , Chen Jinyan , Riot Caroline , Khoo-Lattimore Catheryn 
Published: November 2020

Contemporary sport culture is characterized as highly masculinized, where female athletes are continually marginalized in traditional media. Despite evidence suggesting that media representation of athletes has a meaningful impact on social outcomes and participation rates of women and girls, little is known about gendered representations of athletes on social media and in the context of mega-sporting events. This paper examines the gendered representations of athletes on Twitter during the 2018 Commonwealth Games using framing theory. A total of 133,338 tweets were analyzed using sentiment and word-frequency analyses. Results indicate gender differences concerning athlete representation on Twitter, albeit marginal. In particular, the findings reveal that seemingly neutral words (e.g., “dedicated,” “talented,” and “hard working”) could carry gendered connotations. Recommendations are provided to guide stakeholders to advance a more inclusive sport culture through the strategic use of social media during mega-sporting events.
Outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection in Southern Province, Sri Lanka in 2018: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vanderburg Sky , Wijayaratne Gaya , Danthanarayana Nayomi , Jayamaha Jude , Piyasiri Bhagya , Halloluwa Chathurangi , Sheng Tianchen , Amarasena Sujeewa , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Nicholson Bradly P , Peiris Joseph S M , Gray Gregory C , Gunasena Sunethra , Nagahawatte Ajith , Bodinayake Champica K , Woods Christopher W , Devasiri Vasantha , Tillekeratne L Gayani 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo determine aetiology of illness among children and adults presenting during outbreak of severe respiratory illness in Southern Province, Sri Lanka, in 2018.DesignProspective, cross-sectional study.Setting1600-bed, public, tertiary care hospital in Southern Province, Sri Lanka.Participants410 consecutive patients, including 371 children and 39 adults, who were admitted with suspected viral pneumonia (passive surveillance) or who met case definition for acute respiratory illness (active surveillance) in May to June 2018.ResultsWe found that cocirculation of influenza A (22.6% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%) and adenovirus (AdV) (30.7%; type B3) was responsible for the outbreak. Mortality was noted in 4.5% of paediatric cases identified during active surveillance. Virus type and viral coinfection were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis is the first report of intense cocirculation of multiple respiratory viruses as a cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory illness in Sri Lanka, and the first time that AdV has been documented as a cause of a respiratory outbreak in the country. Our results emphasise the need for continued vigilance in surveying for known and emerging respiratory viruses in the tropics.
Barriers and facilitators associated with steps of the HIV care cascade for migrants in OECD countries: a systematic mixed studies review protocol
Authors: Arora Anish , Quesnel-Vallee Amelie , Lessard David , Mate Kedar , Rodriguez-Cruz Adriana , Kronfli Nadine , Engler Kim , Vedel Isabelle , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn 2019, the United Nations signalled a substantial rise in the number of international migrants, up to 272 million globally, about half of which move to only 10 countries, including 8 member nations of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Migrants in OECD countries are often at higher risk for acquiring HIV and have a higher frequency of delayed HIV diagnosis. The barriers and facilitators that migrant people living with HIV (PLWH) in OECD countries face in relation to HIV care are insufficiently understood. The five-step HIV Care Cascade Continuum (HCCC) is an effective model to identify gaps, barriers and facilitators associated with HIV care. The purpose of this study is to generate a comprehensive, multilevel understanding of barriers and facilitators regarding the five steps of the HCCC model in OECD countries by migration status.Methods and analysisA systematic mixed studies review using a data-based convergent design will be conducted. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library will be searched on 25 March 2020. Screening and critical appraisal will be conducted independently by the first author. Authors 3–5 will act as second reviewers, each independently conducting 33% of the screening and appraisal. Quantitative data will be transformed to qualitative data and be synthesised using thematic analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used for quality assessment. An advisory committee, composed of four migrant PLWH, will be involved in screening and appraising 5% of articles to build knowledge and experience with systematic reviews. They will also be involved in analysis and dissemination.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the McGill University Health Centre (15-188-MUHC, 2016-1697, eReviews 4688). Publications arising from this study will be open-access.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172122.
Diagnostic accuracy of X-ray versus CT in COVID-19: a propensity-matched database study
Authors: Borakati Aditya , Perera Adrian , Johnson James , Sood Tara 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the diagnostic accuracy of common imaging modalities, chest X-ray (CXR) and CT, for diagnosis of COVID-19 in the general emergency population in the UK and to find the association between imaging features and outcomes in these patients.DesignRetrospective analysis of electronic patient records.SettingTertiary academic health science centre and designated centre for high consequence infectious diseases in London, UK.Participants1198 patients who attended the emergency department with paired reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and CXR between 16 March and 16 April 2020.Main outcome measuresSensitivity and specificity of CXR and CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 using the British Society of Thoracic Imaging reporting templates. Reference standard was any RT-PCR positive naso-oropharyngeal swab within 30 days of attendance. ORs of CXR in association with vital signs, laboratory values and 30-day outcomes were calculated.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of CXR for COVID-19 diagnosis were 0.56 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.60) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65), respectively. For CT scans, these were 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.90) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.60), respectively. This gave a statistically significant mean increase in sensitivity with CT of 29% (95% CI 19% to 38%, p<0.0001) compared with CXR. Specificity was not significantly different between the two modalities.CXR findings were not statistically significantly or clinically meaningfully associated with vital signs, laboratory parameters or 30-day outcomes.ConclusionsComputed tomography has substantially improved diagnostic performance over CXR in COVID-19. CT should be considered in the initial assessment for suspected COVID-19 instead of CXR if capacity allows and balanced against radiation exposure risk.
$${}^{5}$$He($${}^{3}$$He,$${}^{4}$$He)$${}^{4}$$He as a three-body reaction via a continuum resonance in the n+$${}^{4}$$He system
Authors: Typel Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe $${}^{5}$$

5

He($${}^{3}$$

3

He,$${}^{4}$$

4

He)$${}^{4}$$

4

He reaction involving the unstable $${}^{5}$$

5

He nucleus is a possible process in primordial nucleosynthesis to convert $${}^{3}$$

3

He into $${}^{4}$$

4

He in a neutron transfer reaction. Since experimental data for the reaction cross section are not available, a theoretical prediction is needed to estimate the relevance of this process in comparison to other reactions, e.g., $${}^{3}$$

3

He($${}^{2}$$

2

H,p)$${}^{4}$$

4

He or $${}^{3}$$

3

H($${}^{2}$$

2

H,n)$${}^{4}$$

4

He. In this work the cross section and the Maxwellian-averaged transition rate of the $${}^{5}$$

5

He($${}^{3}$$

3

He,$${}^{4}$$

4

He)$${}^{4}$$

4

He reaction are calculated using a post-form distorted-wave Born approximation in a simple cluster model. For that purpose the reaction is treated as a genuine process with three particles, $$\text{ n }+{}^{4}\text{ He }+{}^{3}\text{ He }$$

n

+

4

He

+

3

He

, in the entrance channel proceeding through the $$3/2^{-}$$

3
/

2
-

resonance in the $$n-{}^{4}$$

n
-

4

He scattering continuum.
Open-charm tetraquark $$X_c$$ and open-bottom tetraquark $$X_b$$
Authors: He Xiao-Gang , Wang Wei , Zhu Ruilin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivated by the LHCb observation of exotic states $$X_{0,1}(2900)$$

X

0
,
1

(
2900
)

with four open quark flavors in the $$D^- K^+$$

D
-

K
+

invariant mass distribution in the decay channel $$B^\pm \rightarrow D^+ D^- K^\pm $$

B
±

→

D
+

D
-

K
±

, we study the spectrum and decay properties of the open charm tetraquarks. Using the two-body chromomagnetic interactions, we find that the two newly observed states can be interpreted as a radial excited tetraquark with $$J^P=0^+$$

J
P

=

0
+

and an orbitally excited tetraquark with $$J^P=1^-$$

J
P

=

1
-

, respectively. We then explore the mass and decays of the other flavor-open tetraquarks made of $$su {\bar{d}} {\bar{c}}$$

s
u

d

¯

c

¯

and $$ d s {\bar{u}} {\bar{c}}$$

d
s

u

¯

c

¯

, which are in the $${\bar{6}}$$

6

¯

or 15 representation of the flavor SU(3) group. We point that these two states can be found through the decays: $$X^{(\prime )}_{d s \bar{u}\bar{c}}\rightarrow (D^- K^-, D_s^- \pi ^-) $$

X

d
s

u

¯

c

¯

(
′
)

→

(

D
-

K
-

,

D
s
-

π
-

)

, and $$X^{(\prime )}_{s u \bar{d}\bar{c}}\rightarrow D_s^-\pi ^+ $$

X

s
u

d

¯

c

¯

(
′
)

→

D
s
-

π
+

. We also apply our analysis to open bottom tetraquark $$X_b$$

X
b

and predict their masses. The open-flavored $$X_b$$

X
b

can be discovered through the following decays: $$X_{ud{\bar{s}}\bar{b}}\rightarrow B^0K^+$$

X

u
d

s

¯

b

¯

→

B
0

K
+

, $$X^{(\prime )}_{d s \bar{u}\bar{b}}\rightarrow (B^0 K^-, B_s^0 \pi ^-) $$

X

d
s

u

¯

b

¯

(
′
)

→

(

B
0

K
-

,

B
s
0

π
-

)

, and $$X^{(\prime )}_{s u \bar{d}\bar{b}}\rightarrow B_s^0\pi ^+ $$

X

s
u

d

¯

b

¯

(
′
)

→

B
s
0

π
+

.
Loss of ARID1A Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Sensitizes Pancreatic Tumors to Proteotoxic Stress
Authors: Tomihara Hideo , Carbone Federica , Perelli Luigi , Huang Justin K. , Soeung Melinda , Rose Johnathon L. , Robinson Frederick S. , Lissanu Deribe Yonathan , Feng Ningping , Takeda Mitsunobu , Inoue Akira , Poggetto Edoardo Del , Deem Angela K. , Maitra Anirban , Msaouel Pavlos , Tannir Nizar M. , Draetta Giulio F. , Viale Andrea , Heffernan Timothy P. , Bristow Christopher A. , Carugo Alessandro , Genovese Giannicola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Cellular dedifferentiation is a key mechanism driving cancer progression. Acquisition of mesenchymal features has been associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and disease relapse in many tumor types. Therefore, successful targeting of tumors harboring these characteristics is a priority in oncology practice. The SWItch/Sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex has also emerged as a critical player in tumor progression, leading to the identification of several SWI/SNF complex genes as potential disease biomarkers and targets of anticancer therapies. AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) is a component of SWI/SNF, and mutations in ARID1A represent one of the most frequent molecular alterations in human cancers. ARID1A mutations occur in approximately 10% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), but whether these mutations confer a therapeutic opportunity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that loss of ARID1A promotes an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and sensitizes PDAC cells to a clinical inhibitor of HSP90, NVP-AUY922, both in vitro and in vivo. Although loss of ARID1A alone did not significantly affect proliferative potential or rate of apoptosis, ARID1A-deficient cells were sensitized to HSP90 inhibition, potentially by promoting the degradation of intermediate filaments driving EMT, resulting in cell death. Our results describe a mechanistic link between ARID1A defects and a quasi-mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting that deleterious mutations in ARID1A associated with protein loss exhibit potential as a biomarker for patients with PDAC who may benefit by HSP90-targeting drugs treatment.

Significance:
This study identifies ARID1A loss as a promising biomarker for the identification of PDAC tumors that are potentially responsive to treatment with proteotoxic agents.
Inhibition of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Promotes Unbiased Downregulation of IGF1 Receptor and Restrains Malignant Cell Growth
Authors: Crudden Caitrin , Shibano Takashi , Song Dawei , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Cismas Sonia , Serly Julianna , Nedelcu Daniela , Fuentes-Mattei Enrique , Tica Andrei , Calin George A. , Girnita Ada , Girnita Leonard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The ability of a receptor to preferentially activate only a subset of available downstream signal cascades is termed biased signaling. Although comprehensively recognized for the G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR), this process is scarcely explored downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the cancer-relevant insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). Successful IGF1R targeting requires receptor downregulation, yet therapy-mediated removal from the cell surface activates cancer-protective β-arrestin–biased signaling (β-arr-BS). As these overlapping processes are initiated by the β-arr/IGF1R interaction and controlled by GPCR-kinases (GRK), we explored GRKs as potential anticancer therapeutic targets to disconnect IGF1R downregulation and β-arr-BS. Transgenic modulation demonstrated that GRK2 inhibition or GRK6 overexpression enhanced degradation of IGF1R, but both scenarios sustained IGF1–induced β-arr-BS. Pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 by the clinically approved antidepressant, serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (PX), recapitulated the effects of GRK2 silencing with dose- and time-dependent IGF1R downregulation without associated β-arr-BS. In vivo, PX treatment caused substantial downregulation of IGF1R, suppressing the growth of Ewing's sarcoma xenografts. Functional studies reveal that PX exploits the antagonism between β-arrestin isoforms; in low ligand conditions, PX favored β-arrestin1/Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of IGF1R, a scenario usually exclusive to ligand abundancy, making PX more effective than antibody-mediated IGF1R downregulation. This study provides the rationale, molecular mechanism, and validation of a clinically feasible concept for “system bias” targeting of the IGF1R to uncouple downregulation from signaling. Demonstrating system bias as an effective anticancer approach, our study reveals a novel strategy for the rational design or repurposing of therapeutics to selectively cross-target the IGF1R or other RTK.

Significance:
This work provides insight into the molecular and biological roles of biased signaling downstream RTK and provides a novel “system bias” strategy to increase the efficacy of anti–IGF1R-targeted therapy in cancer.
Design and Functional Validation of a Mutant Variant of the LncRNA HOTAIR to Counteract Snail Function in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Battistelli Cecilia , Garbo Sabrina , Riccioni Veronica , Montaldo Claudia , Santangelo Laura , Vandelli Andrea , Strippoli Raffaele , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Tripodi Marco , Cicchini Carla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

HOTAIR is a lncRNA overexpressed in several epithelial cancers and strongly correlated with invasion. This lncRNA was proven a pivotal element of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a transdifferentiation process triggering metastasis. Snail, master inducer of EMT, requires HOTAIR to recruit EZH2 on specific epithelial target genes (i.e., HNF4α, E-cadherin, and HNF1α) and cause their repression. Here, we designed a HOTAIR deletion mutant form, named HOTAIR-sbid, including the putative Snail-binding domain but depleted of the EZH2-binding domain. HOTAIR-sbid acted as a dominant negative of the endogenous HOTAIR. In both murine and human tumor cells, HOTAIR-sbid impaired the ability of HOTAIR to bind Snail and, in turn, trigger H3K27me3/EZH2-mediated repression of Snail epithelial target genes. Notably, HOTAIR-sbid expression was proven to reduce cellular motility, invasiveness, anchorage-independent growth, and responsiveness to TGFβ-induced EMT. These data provide evidence on a lncRNA-based strategy to effectively impair the function of a master EMT-transcriptional factor.

Significance:
This study defines an innovative RNA-based strategy to interfere with a pivotal function of the tumor-related lncRNA HOTAIR, comprising a dominant negative mutant that was computationally designed and that impairs epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Hypoxic Glioma Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Containing Linc01060 Promote Progression of Glioma by Regulating the MZF1/c-Myc/HIF1α Axis
Authors: Li Junjun , Liao Tingting , Liu Hongya , Yuan Hongliang , Ouyang Taohui , Wang Jiajing , Chai Songshan , Li Jinsong , Chen Jingchao , Li Xiang , Zhao Hongyang , Xiong Nanxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Glioma stem cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with special abilities to proliferate and differentiate in gliomas. They are one of the main causes of tumor recurrence, especially under hypoxic conditions. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are known to be involved in numerous biological processes and are implied in the occurrence of certain diseases, their role in tumor development and progression remains poorly understood. Here we explored the mechanisms by which lncRNA derived from hypoxic GSCs (H-GSC) cause glioma progression. Isolation and identification of the Linc01060 gene, the exosomes containing them, and the proteins from tumor cells regulating the gene allowed for studying the effects of Linc01060 on proliferation and glycometabolism. H-GSC exerted their effects by transferring exosomes to glioma cells, resulting in a significant increase in Linc01060 levels. Mechanistically, Linc01060 directly interacted with the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) and enhanced its stability. Linc01060 facilitated nuclear translocation of MZF1 and promoted MZF1-mediated c-Myc transcriptional activities. In addition, c-Myc enhanced the accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α) at the posttranscriptional level. HIF1α bound the hormone response elements of the Linc01060 promoter, upregulating the transcription of Linc01060 gene. Clinically, Linc01060 was upregulated in glioma and was significantly correlated with tumor grade and poor clinical prognosis. Overall, these data show that secretion of Linc01060-containing exosomes from H-GSCs activates prooncogenic signaling pathways in glioma cells to promote disease progression.

Significance:
These findings suggest that inhibition of Linc01060-containing exosomes or targeting the Linc01060/MZF1/c-Myc/HIF1α axis may be an effective therapeutic strategy in glioma.
BRCA1/MAD2L1 Deficiency Disrupts the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint to Confer Vinorelbine Resistance in Mesothelioma
Authors: Busacca Sara , O'Regan Laura , Singh Anita , Sharkey Annabel J. , Dawson Alan G. , Dzialo Joanna , Parsons Aimee , Kumar Neelam , Schunselaar Laurel M. , Guppy Naomi , Nakas Apostolos , Sheaff Michael , Mansfield Aaron S. , Janes Sam M. , Baas Paul , Fry Andrew M. , Fennell Dean A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mesothelioma is a universally lethal cancer lacking effective therapy. The spindle poison vinorelbine exhibits clinical activity in the relapsed setting, and in preclinical models requires BRCA1 to initiate apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this regulation and the clinical implications have not been explored. Here, we show that BRCA1 silencing abrogated vinorelbine-induced cell-cycle arrest, recruitment of BUBR1 to kinetochores, and apoptosis. BRCA1 silencing led to codepletion of MAD2L1 at the mRNA and protein levels consistent with its status as a transcriptional target of BRCA1. Silencing of MAD2L1 phenocopied BRCA1 and was sufficient to confer resistance to vinorelbine. This was recapitulated in cell lines selected for resistance to vinorelbine, which acquired loss of both BRCA1 and MAD2L1 expression. Following ex vivo vinorelbine in 20 primary tumor explants, apoptotic response rate was 59% in BRCA1/MAD2L1-positive explants compared with 0% in BRCA1/MAD2L1-negative explants. In 48 patients, BRCA1 and/or MAD2L1 loss of expression was not prognostic; however, in a subset of patients treated with vinorelbine, survival was shorter for patients lacking BRCA1/MAD2L1 expression compared with double-positive patients (5.9 vs. 36.7 months, P = 0.03). Our data implicate BRCA1/MAD2L1 loss as a putative predictive marker of resistance to vinorelbine in mesothelioma and warrant prospective clinical evaluation.
Association between interprofessional collaboration readiness and clinical decision making ability of midwifery students
Authors: Hermasari Bulan Kakanita , Afifah Brian Sahar , Cahya Erindra Budi 
Published: November 2020

Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health system worldwide. This problem requires the attention of health practitioners and health professional educators including midwives. Effective clinical decision making is among the most important skills required by healthcare practitioners in the intra-profession and interprofessional context. This study aims to explore the midwifery student's clinical decision-making ability and attitude toward interprofessional learning. This study used quantitative design with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of research were 50 midwifery students. The instruments were The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire; and an assessment rubric of the obstetric case study. Most of the students are not ready to collaborate with other health professions (68%), and have low and moderate clinical decision-making abilities (98%). There is a significant positive correlation (p 0.05) between student readiness for interprofessional collaboration with clinical decision-making ability. This study emphasizes that the ability of a midwife in clinical decision making, especially in emergency cases, is related to their readiness or experience in collaborating with other health professionals.