bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐life effectiveness of first‐line anticancer treatments in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients: Data from the Czech TULUNG Registry
Authors: Brat Kristian , Bratova Monika , Skrickova Jana , Barinova Magda , Hurdalkova Karolina , Pesek Milos , Havel Libor , Koubkova Leona , Hrnciarik Michal , Krejci Jana , Fischer Ondrej , Zemanova Milada , Coupkova Helena , Svaton Martin 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundData regarding real‐life effectiveness of any treatment may improve clinical decision‐making.The aim of this study was to evaluate real‐life effectiveness of tyrosin‐kinase inhibitors, bevacizumab and pemetrexed as first‐line treatments in patients with advanced/metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe analyzed data of 2157 patients of the Czech TULUNG Registry of patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC who received modern‐era treatments between 2011 and 2018. Patients treated with gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, bevacizumab (+ maintenance), pemetrexed (+ maintenance) as first‐line therapy were included in the study. A systematic literature search separately identified clinical trials suitable for calculation of comparator pooled OS and PFS for each regimen. For each subgroup, basic characteristics and survival data (Kaplan‐Meier estimates) are shown. We propose the “index of real‐life effectiveness” (IRE), a ratio of real‐life OS/PFS and comparator pooled OS/PFS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors were associated with longer OS (ie, IRE>1.1).ResultsSurvival analysis showed median OS of 23 months for erlotinib, 29.3 months for afatinib, 19.6 months for gefitinib, 12.2 months for pemetrexed, 17.5 months for pemetrexed maintenance, 15.8 months for bevacizumab and 15.8 months for bevacizumab maintenance. Calculated IREs for OS for the regimens were: erlotinib 1.013, afatinib 1.184, gefitinib 0.736, pemetrexed 1.188, pemetrexed maintenance 1.294, bevacizumab 1.178, and bevacizumab maintenance 1.189. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these factors were associated with longer OS: lower PS for afatinib; lower PS, absence of adverse events and female sex for bevacizumab; and lower PS and female sex for pemetrexed.ConclusionsThis study clearly demonstrated that real‐life effectiveness of certain treatment regimens may strongly differ in various populations/health care systems, and comparison between TULUNG data and pooled survival data from trials showed higher real‐life effectiveness for most of the studied first‐line regimens. Lower ECOG PS, younger age, female sex and adverse events were associated with longer survival in most regimens.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyComparison between TULUNG data and pooled survival data from trials showed higher real‐life effectiveness for most of the studied first‐line regimens; for most regimens, lower ECOG PS, younger age, female sex and adverse events were associated with longer survival.What this study addsReal‐life effectiveness of certain treatment regimens may strongly differ in various populations/health care systems.
The provision of person‐centred dementia care in the context of mental health co‐morbidities: ‘It can be upsetting and distressing and it’s incredibly sad’
Authors: McKenzie Ellen L. , Brown Patricia M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore health professionals’ (clinicians) approach to the provision of care in a dementia setting.MethodsParticipants were clinicians from two older persons’ mental health services (community and inpatient). Participants completed an interview about strategies to engage with, and barriers to providing person‐centred care to consumers with a co‐morbid diagnosis of dementia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThree main themes were developed through analysis of the interview data: (1) overall approach to care (synthesis of care and cure principles), (2) the challenges in the provision of care, and (3) coping strategies to manage care demands.ConclusionDeveloping a relationship with a patient and attending to their medical needs were seen as optimal care, relevant to both person‐centred and task‐oriented approaches to dementia care. Clinicians also highlighted the importance of their own personal resources and attitudes in shaping the type of care provided.
Power, Violence and the Politics of Hope: Global 1989 from Czechoslovakia to Hong Kong
Authors: Auer Stefan , Chan Ching Yeung Kenneth 
Published: October 2020

One of the striking features of 1989 was the realisation that a revolution can succeed without any radical innovation. The 1989 Revolutions in Central Europe suggest that radical political changes could be achieved by moderate means. They gave rise to a series of non‐revolutionary revolutions, spanning the second “Velvet Revolution” in Slovakia (1998), and coloured revolutions in Serbia (2000), Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004) and Kyrgyzstan (2005).Yet, the script of non‐violent revolution has its limitations. Ernst Gellner was right to warn about the “price of velvet” just a few years after 1989. Were the velvet revolutionaries too gentle towards their enemies? The dispiriting lesson of Hong Kong's struggle for democracy three decades later appears to be that, without resorting to violence, change may well be impossible. This too, in a roundabout way, is the result of 1989 going global. Partly in response to the perceived threat of coloured revolutions, China has perfected its repressive regime in ways unimaginable before. The key question that Hong Kong today raises is how to act on the legacy of 1989 against those who are determined to make sure that 1989 never happens again?
Patient‐centred measurement of recovery from day‐case surgery using wrist worn accelerometers: a pilot and feasibility study*
Authors: Ratcliffe A. M. , Zhai B. , Guan Y. , Jackson D. G. ,   South West Anaesthesia Research Matrix (SWARM), Sneyd J. R. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis pilot and feasibility study evaluated wrist‐worn accelerometers to measure recovery from day‐case surgery in comparison with daily quality of recovery‐15 scores. The protocol was designed with extensive patient and public involvement and engagement, and delivered by a research network of anaesthesia trainees. Forty‐eight patients recruited through pre‐operative assessment clinics wore wrist accelerometers for 7 days before (pre‐operative) and immediately after elective surgery (early postoperative), and again at 3 months (late postoperative). Validated activity and quality of recovery questionnaires were administered. Raw accelerometry data were archived and analysed using open source software. The mean (SD) number of valid days of accelerometer wear per participant in the pre‐operative, early and late postoperative periods were 5.4 (1.7), 6.6 (1.1) and 6.6 (1.0) days, respectively. On the day after surgery, Euclidian norm minus one (a summary measure of raw accelerations), step count, light physical activity and moderate/vigorous physical activity decreased to 57%, 47%, 59% and 35% of baseline values, respectively. Activity increased progressively on a daily basis but had not returned to baseline values by 7 days. Patient questionnaires suggested subjective recovery by postoperative day 3 to 4; however, accelerometry data showed that activity levels had not returned to baseline at this point. All activity measures had returned to baseline by 3 months. Wrist‐worn accelerometery is acceptable to patients and feasible as a surrogate measure for monitoring postoperative recovery from day‐case surgery. Our results suggest that patients may overestimate their rate of recovery from day‐case surgery, which has important implications for future research.
Obstetric Healthcare Workers’ Adherence to Hand Hygiene Recommendations during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Observations and Social‐Cognitive Determinants
Authors: Derksen Christina , Keller Franziska M. , Lippke Sonia 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHand hygiene is crucial to avoid healthcare‐associated infections and the transmission of COVID‐19. Although the WHO has issued global hand hygiene recommendations for healthcare, adherence remains challenging. Considering social‐cognitive theories such as the health action process approach (HAPA) can help to improve healthcare workers’ adherence. This study aimed to observe adherence and to assess determinants in obstetric hospitals during and after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn all, 267 observations of behaviour were conducted in two German obstetric university hospitals over three time periods (pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic, heightened awareness, and strict precautions). In addition, 115 healthcare workers answered questionnaires regarding social‐cognitive determinants of hand hygiene behaviour. Multiple regression and multiple mediation analyses were used to analyse associations.ResultsAdherence to hand hygiene recommendations increased from 47 per cent pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic to 95 per cent just before lockdown while simple measures against the pandemic were taken. Self‐efficacy was associated with the intention to sanitise hands (β = .397, p < .001). Coping self‐efficacy mediated the association of intention with hand hygiene adherence.ConclusionsObstetric healthcare workers seem to adapt their hand hygiene behaviour to prevent infections facing the global COVID‐19 pandemic. To further improve interventions, social‐cognitive determinants should be considered, especially intention and (coping) self‐efficacy.
Aged Tmem106b knockout mice display gait deficits in coincidence with Purkinje cell loss and only limited signs of non‐motor dysfunction
Authors: Stroobants Stijn , D’Hooge Rudi , Damme Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic variants in TMEM106B are a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal degeneration, limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, late‐onset‐Alzheimer's disease and constitute a genetic determinant of differential aging. TMEM106B encodes an integral lysosomal membrane protein but its precise physiological function in the central nervous system remains enigmatic. Presently, we aimed to increase understanding of TMEM106B contribution to general brain function and aging. We analyzed an aged cohort of Tmem106b knockout‐, heterozygote and wild‐type mice in a behavioral test battery including assessments of motor function as well as, social, emotional and cognitive function. Aged Tmem106b knockout (KO) mice displayed diverse behavioral deficits including motor impairment, gait defects and reduced startle reactivity. In contrast, no prominent deficits were observed in social, emotional or cognitive behaviors. Histologically, we observed late‐onset loss of Purkinje cells followed by reactive gliosis in the cerebellum, which likely contributed to progressive decline in motor function and gait defects in particular. Reactive gliosis was not restricted to the cerebellum but observed in different areas of the brain including the brain stem and parts of the cerebral cortex. Surviving Purkinje cells showed vacuolated lysosomes in the axon initial segment, implicating TMEM106B‐dependent lysosomal trafficking defects as the underlying cause of axonal and more general neuronal dysfunction contributing to behavioral impairments. Our experiments help to elucidate how TMEM106B affects spatial neuronal homeostasis and exemplifies a critical role of TMEM106B in neuronal cells for survival.
Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moran Nicholas P. , Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Schielzeth Holger , Reinhold Klaus 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAnimal behaviour can lead to varying levels of risk, and an individual's physical condition can alter the potential costs and benefits of undertaking risky behaviours. How risk‐taking behaviour depends on condition is subject to contrasting hypotheses. The asset protection principle proposes that individuals in better condition should be more risk averse, as they have higher future reproductive potential (i.e. more to lose). The state‐dependent safety hypothesis proposes that high‐condition individuals that are more likely to survive and maximise the benefits of risky situations may make apparently riskier choices, as their individual risk is in fact lower. We systematically searched for studies that experimentally manipulated animals’ nutritional or energetic condition through diet treatments, and subsequently measured risk‐taking behaviour in contexts relating to predation, novelty and exploration. Our meta‐analysis quantified condition effects on risk‐taking behaviour at both the mean and variance level. We preregistered our methods and hypotheses prior to conducting the study. Phylogenetic multilevel meta‐analysis revealed that the lower‐nutritional‐condition individuals showed on average ca. 26% greater tendency towards risk than high‐condition individuals (95% confidence interval: 15–38%; N = 126 studies, 1297 effect sizes). Meta‐regressions revealed several factors influencing the overall effect, such as the experimental context used to measure risk‐taking behaviour, and the life stage when condition was manipulated. Meta‐analysis of variance revealed no clear overall effect of condition on behavioural variance (on average ca. 3% decrease in variance in low‐ versus high‐condition groups; 95% confidence interval: −8 to 3%; N = 119 studies, 1235 effect sizes), however, the experimental context was an important factor influencing the strength and direction of the variance effect. Our comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis provide insights into the roles of state dependency and plasticity in intraspecific behavioural variation. While heterogeneity among effect sizes was high, our results show that poor nutritional state on average increases risk taking in ecological contexts involving predation, novelty and exploration.
β2‐AR activation promotes cleavage and nuclear translocation of Her2 and metastatic potential of cancer cells
Authors: Liu Dan , Zha Li , Liu Yuchen , Zhao Xuan , Xu Xiyue , Liu Shuci , Ma Wen , Zheng Junnian , Shi Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProlonged hypersecretion of catecholamine induced by chronic stress may correlate with malignant progression of cancer. β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) overexpressed in certain cancer cells may translate the signals from neuroendocrine system to malignant signals by interacting with oncoproteins, such as Her2. In the present study, we demonstrate that catecholamine stimulation activates the expression and proteolytic activity of ADAM10 by modulating the expression of miR‐199a‐5p and SIRT1 and also confirm that catecholamine induction triggers the activities of γ‐secretase, leading to shedding of Her2 extracellular domain (ECD) by ADAM10 and subsequent intramembranous cleavage of Her2 intracellular domain (ICD) by presenilin‐dependent γ‐secretase, nuclear translocation of Her2 ICD, and enhanced transcription of tumor metastasis‐associated gene COX‐2. Chronic stimulation of catecholamine strongly promotes the invasive activities of cancer cells in vitro and spontaneous tumor lung metastasis in mice. Furthermore, nuclear localization of Her2 was significantly correlated with overexpression of β2‐AR in human breast cancer tissues, indicating that catecholamine‐induced β2‐AR activation plays decisive roles in tumor metastasis. Our data also reveal that an unknown mechanism by which the regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) initiated by β2‐AR‐mediated signaling controls a novel Her2‐mediated signaling transduction.
Vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) with Ti‐reinforced d‐PTFE membranes or Ti meshes and collagen membranes: 1‐year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Vignudelli Elisabetta , Fiorino Antonino , Pellegrino Gerardo , Corinaldesi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissues around implants placed in posterior mandible 1 year after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA).Materials and Methods40 patients with vertical defects were enrolled and treated according to the study protocol. Patients were randomly divided into two study groups: reinforced PTFE membranes (group A) and titanium meshes plus collagen membranes (group B). All patients received simultaneous implants which were evaluated after prosthetic restoration at baseline and after 1 year, using the following parameters: peri‐implant bone levels (PBLs), interproximal bone peaks (IBPs), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (mPI), gingival index (mGI), keratinized tissue thickness/width (tKT and wKT), and fornix depth (FD). Statistical analysis was performed to investigate any statistically significant differences and/or correlations (p = .05).Results30 patients were completely followed up according to the study protocol. After 1 year, implants showed a change in PBL from 0.12 to 0.76 mm, with marginal bone loss of 0.67 and 0.61 mm for group A and group B, respectively, without significant differences (p > .9337). The estimated difference between treatments for the change from baseline in PBL was −0.05 (95% CI −0.27 to 0.16). Statistical analysis revealed strong correlations between PBL and IBP (p < .0001). However, no significant differences were observed for PPD, mPI, mGI, tKT, wKT, and FD (p > .05).ConclusionThe results indicate that GBR treatment with titanium meshes plus collagen membranes (Group B) compared to reinforced PTFE membranes does not appear to be inferior or superior in terms of PBL change. In both groups, hard and soft tissues were stable after 1 year of follow‐up, with a peri‐implant bone loss less than 1.0 mm in the first year (study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04332679).
Application of computer information technology in college physical education using fuzzy evaluation theory
Authors: Yu Shan‐an 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe educational sector faces a new dimension that is dominated by lifelong learning and is affected by the technical, social, and cultural changes. This pattern represents the need to improve the teaching methods for physical education and sports science. The use of computers and other information technology to increase the effectiveness of the teaching process is a modern method. This paper aims to illustrate the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical education and sports. In our field, the gradual computerization results can be summed up in the following aspects: education software, design, and planning activities, recording outcomes, motion monitoring, video analysis, comparison of performance and synchronizing, measurements at distance and time and the evaluation of the activity. Although physical education and sports are practical activities, specialists can make use of modern teaching technologies. In this paper, the system of curriculum assessment for physical education has been analyzed and researched in computer assessment. The first section introduced the method of assessment of the physical education program. The second phase of the paper represents a teaching model of the physical education mathematical model utilizing the Comprehensive Adaptive Fuzzy Evaluation Theory has been proposed. A new level is the modernization of physics education with the artificial intelligence computer education system built in this paper. The experimental results have high performance in detecting the physical activity of college students.
Analyzing and forecasting COVID‐19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using ARIMA and SIR models
Authors: Abuhasel Khaled Ali , Khadr Mosaad , Alquraish Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus COVID‐19 is spreading all across the globe. By June 29, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the number of cases worldwide had reached 9 994 206 and resulted in more than 499 024 deaths. The earliest case of COVID‐19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was registered on March 2 in 2020. Since then, the number of infections as per the outcome of the tests increased gradually on a daily basis. The KSA has 182 493 cases, with 124 755 recoveries and 1551 deaths on June 29, 2020. There have been significant efforts to develop models that forecast the risks, parameters, and impacts of this epidemic. These models can aid in controlling and preventing the outbreak of these infections. In this regard, this article details the extent to which the infection cases, prevalence, and recovery rate of this pandemic are in the country and the predictions that can be made using the past and current data. The well‐known classical SIR model was applied to predict the highest number of cases that may be realized and the flattening of the curve afterward. On the other hand, the ARIMA model was used to predict the prevalence cases. Results of the SIR model indicate that the repatriation plan reduced the estimated reproduction number. The results further affirm that the containment technique used by Saudi Arabia to curb the spread of the disease was efficient. Moreover, using the results, close interaction between people, despite the current measures remains a great risk factor to the spread of the disease. This may force the government to take even more stringent measures. By validating the performance of the applied models, ARIMA proved to be a good forecasting method from current data. The past data and the forecasted data, as per the ARIMA model provided high correlation, showing that there were minimum errors.
Durability of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis for its association with body weight changes
Authors: Li Danpei , Zou HuaJie , Yin Ping , Li Wenjun , He Junyu , Wang Shuyun , Huang Li , Shao Shiying , Chen Yong , Yang Yan , Yu Xuefeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse quantitatively the association between the durability of glycaemic control and body weight changes during treatment.Materials and methodsThis study adhered to an appropriate methodology according to Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Studies with follow‐ups >12 months, and final and intermediate assessments of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight were included. Four outcomes assessing therapeutic durability were extracted and synthesized using Stata statistical software, including changes in HbA1c, goal‐achievement rate, failure rate and coefficient of failure (CoF).ResultsAfter 8.9 months of treatment, HbA1c levels declined from 8.03% [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.91‐8.15; I2 = 99.2%] to 7.15% (95% CI, 7.02‐7.27; I2 = 99.4%) and then gradually increased up to 7.72% (95% CI, 7.50‐7.94; I2 = 99.0%) 5 years later. The goal‐achievement rate decreased from 54.8% (after 1 year of treatment) to 19.4% 5 years later. The CoF was 0.123 ± 0.022%/year (P < .001). After stratification, the CoFs were 0.224 ± 0.025%/year (P < .001) for weight gain, 0.137 ± 0.034%/year (P < .001) for neutral weight and −0.024 ± 0.032%/year (P = .450) for weight loss. After stratification by treatment approaches, the CoFs were 0.45%/year for insulin, 0.43%/year for sulphonylurea, 0.34%/year for thiazolidinediones, 0.29%/year for metformin, 0.16% for glucagon‐like polypeptide‐1 receptor agonists, 0.12% for surgery, −0.03% for sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and −0.21% for dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors.ConclusionModest weight loss with a goal of 2‐3% of body weight should be recommended to improve therapeutic durability and prevent beta‐cell deterioration.