bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional longitudinal associations between loneliness and pain, and the role of inflammation
Authors: Loeffler Anna , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pain and loneliness are consistently associated, but the direction of the relationship is uncertain. We assessed bidirectional associations over a 4-year period in a sample of 4906 men and women (mean 65.1 ± 8.72 years) who were participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The role of inflammation in these links was also investigated. Pain was defined by reports of being often troubled by pain at a moderate or severe intensity, whereas loneliness was measured using the shortened UCLA scale. Age, sex, ethnicity, educational attainment, wealth as a marker of socioeconomic resources, marital status, physical activity, and depressive symptoms were included as covariates. We found that baseline loneliness was associated with pain 4 years later after adjusting for baseline pain and other covariates (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.47, P = 0.007). Similarly, baseline pain independently predicted loneliness 4 years later (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58, P = 0.001). Associations remained significant after additional adjustment for baseline mobility impairment. Likelihood of pain on follow-up was heightened when baseline loneliness was accompanied by elevated C-reactive protein concentration (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-2.00, P = 0.006), whereas inflammation did not predict future loneliness or contribute to the association between baseline pain and future loneliness. Both pain and loneliness are distressing experiences that impact well-being and quality of life. We conclude that there were bidirectional longitudinal relationships between pain and loneliness in this representative sample of older men and women, but that the mechanisms underlying these processes may differ.
Magnet Ingestions in Children Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States 2009–2019
Authors: Reeves Patrick T. , Rudolph Bryan , Nylund Cade M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Small rare‐earth magnet (SREM) ingestions are a dangerous, potentially fatal health hazard in children. The U.S. Consumer Safety Commission removed these products from the market in 2012 until a federal court decision vacated this action in 2016. The present study aims to investigate whether the reintroduction of SREMs is associated with an increase in the national frequency of magnet ingestions in children.Patients and Methods:Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) were used to evaluate suspected magnet ingestion (SMI) trends within patients (0–17 years) from 2009 to 2019. SMI cases were stratified (total, small/round, and multiple magnet ingestions) and trend analyses were performed for 2 periods: 2013–2016 (off‐market) and 2017–2019 (on‐market). National SMI estimates calculated using the NEISS‐supplied weights and variance variables.Results:An estimated 23,756 children (59% males, 42% < 5 years old) presented with a SMI from 2009 to 2019 with an average annual case increase of 6.1% (P = 0.01). There was a significant increase in both small/round SMI encounters and multiple magnet ingestion encounters from 2009 to 2019 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). From 2017 to 2019, there was a greater proportion of small/round type SMIs to total SMIs estimated n = 541 (confidence interval [CI], 261–822) and a greater proportion of multiple magnet ingestions to total SMIs estimated n = 797 (CI, 442–1152) (both, P < 0.01). After 2017, there was a 5‐fold increase in the escalation of care for multiple magnet ingestions (estimated n = 1094; CI 505–1686).Conclusions:The significant increase in magnet ingestions by children from 2017 to 2019 indicates that regulatory actions are urgently needed to protect children and reverse these trends.
Efficacy of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin as a First-line Therapy in Children With Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Li Fuxing , He Wei , Shi Wei , Xie Xiaotian 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The efficacy, safety, and outcome of rabbit antihuman thymocyte globulin (rATG) as initial therapy for children aplastic anemia (AA) were evaluated.

Patients and Methods:
Sixty-one children with AA were retrospectively analyzed, including 43 patients with severe AA and 18 patients with transfusion-dependent nonsevere AA. All patients received rATG in combination with cyclosporine A between September 2005 and January 2015.

Results:
The overall response rates were 55.7%, 68.9%, and 68.9% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Surprisingly, the overall complete response rate kept increasing from 9.8% at 12 months to 39.3% at 18 months, indicating a delayed response for rATG. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 72.1% and 67.2%, respectively. The overall survival of patients who responded between 3 and 12 months was significantly higher than that of nonresponders (71.4% vs. 47.4%).
Antithymocyte globulin-related adverse reactions were significantly higher in severe AA (83.7%) than in nonsevere AA (55.6%) and these reactions were controllable and not life threatening with comprehensive measures.

Conclusions:
This retrospective study shows an encouraging response and survival results in children with AA treated with rATG. Prolonged assessments were needed to evaluate the delayed responses to rATG. rATG could be used as an alternative in the first-line treatment of childhood AA.
Identifying Individuals With Intellectual Disability Within a Population Study
Authors: Franklin Michelle S. , Silva Susan G. , Maslow Gary R. , Halpern Carolyn T. , Merwin Elizabeth I. , Docherty Sharron L. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Much remains unknown about the longitudinal health and well-being of individuals with intellectual disability (ID); thus, new methods to identify those with ID within nationally representative population studies are critical for harnessing these data sets to generate new knowledge.

Objective
Our objective was to describe the development of a new method for identifying individuals with ID within large, population-level studies not targeted on ID.

Methods
We used a secondary analysis of the de-identified, restricted-use National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) database representing 20,745 adolescents to develop a method for identifying individuals who meet the criteria of ID. The three criteria of ID (intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and disability originating during the developmental period) were derived from the definitions of ID used by the American Psychiatric Association and the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. The ID Indicator was developed from the variables indicative of intellectual and adaptive functioning limitations included in the Add Health database from Waves I to III.

Results
This method identified 441 adolescents who met criteria of ID and had sampling weights. At Wave I, the mean age of this subsample of adolescents with ID was 16.1 years. About half of the adolescents were male and from minority racial groups. Their parents were predominately female, were married, had less than a high school education, and had a median age of 41.62 years. The adolescents’ mean maximum abridged Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test standardized score was 69.6, and all demonstrated at least one adaptive functioning limitation.

Discussion
This study demonstrates the development of a data-driven method to identify individuals with ID using commonly available data elements in nationally representative population data sets. By utilizing this method, researchers can leverage existing rich data sets holding potential for answering research questions, guiding policy, and informing interventions to improve the health of the ID population.
Effects of Prism Adaptation for Unilateral Spatial Neglect After Stroke
Authors: Li Jing , Li Lei , Yang Yan , Chen Shuang 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess effects of prism adaptation on unilateral spatial neglect poststroke.

Methods
Searching databases and referring to randomized controlled trial until December 30, 2019. There were two reviewers who searched some key words such as unilateral spatial neglect and prism adaptation, and only randomized controlled trial was included. There were two evaluators who screened literature and data regarding research design, treatment plan, etc. Assessment tool recommended in Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 5.1.0 was adopted to assess the risks of bias of randomized controlled trial, and Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Mean differences and 95% of confidence intervals were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed through I
2 statistics.

Results
Eight randomized controlled trials were included, involving 244 patients of which 130 in experimental group and 114 in control group. According to meta-analysis results, prism adaptation group scored significantly higher than control group in improving Behavioral Inattention Test (mean difference = 8.99, 95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 17.06, P = 0.03) and Star Cancellation Test (mean difference = 3.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.19 to 5.88, P = 0.04). However, there was no significant statistical difference in Catherine Bergego Scale between groups (mean difference = −0.30, 95% confidence interval = −1.83 to 1.23, P = 0.70). The long-term follow-up visits (over 1 mo) appeared no statistical difference in Behavioral Inattention Test scores between the patients of two groups (mean difference = 8.93, 95% confidence interval = −1.98 to 19.84, P = 0.1).

Conclusions
Prism adaptation can improve neglect symptoms of patients with unilateral spatial neglect after stroke temporarily.
Open- and Closed-Label Placebo and Nocebo Suggestions About a Sham Transdermal Patch
Authors: Meeuwis Stefanie H. , van Middendorp Henriët , Lavrijsen Adriana P. M. , Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S. , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Placebo effects may occur when it is known that an inert substance is given (i.e., open-label placebo). It is not yet clear whether these effects are similar to concealed (i.e., closed-label) placebo effects for itch or whether nocebo effects can be induced under open-label conditions.

Methods
Healthy volunteers (n = 112) were randomized to an open-label (I) or closed-label (II) positive suggestions group, or an open-label (III) or closed-label (IV) negative suggestions group. Participants were told, as cover story, that a transdermal caffeine patch would be applied that positively influences cognitive abilities and, as a side effect, positively or negatively (depending on group allocation) influences itch. Participants in the open-label groups were given a rationale explaining placebo and nocebo effect mechanisms. Itch (the primary outcome) was induced at baseline and postsuggestions by histamine iontophoresis.

Results
Analyses of variance revealed significantly lower itch in the positive compared with the negative suggestions groups for both open- and closed-label contexts (all, p ≤ .008, Cohen d ≥ 0.47). Self-rated skin response was less severe after positive versus negative suggestions (all, p ≤ .017, Cohen d ≥ 0.33), but no effects on physical skin response were found (all, p ≥ .23, Cohen d ≤ 0.30).

Conclusions
Itch can be reduced by positive compared with negative suggestions under both open- and closed-label conditions. These findings indicate that open-label suggestions may potentially be a tool to use placebo effects for self-reported outcomes in clinical practice, for example, by explaining the role of expectancy in treatment. It needs to be investigated further under which circumstances an open-label rationale may impact placebo and nocebo effects.

Trial Registration:
www.trialregister.nl; NTR7174
Secondary Coronal Synostosis After Early Surgery for Sagittal Craniosynostosis: Implications for Cranial Growth
Authors: Unander-Scharin Jesper , Nysjö Johan , Enblad Per , Nowinski Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Secondary Coronal Synostosis (SCS) in patients operated for non-syndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis is a postoperative phenomenon with unclear implications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SCS is a negative or a benign occurrence in the postoperative course. The authors hypothesized that SCS is related to reduced cranial growth and intracranial hypertension. Thirty-one patients operated for SC at an early age with the H-craniectomy technique were included in the study. Associations between SCS and cranial shape, growth, and signs of intracranial hypertension were analyzed. Intracranial volume distribution was assessed by measuring partial intracranial volumes defined by skull base landmarks. A total of 12/31 patients developed SCS during the postoperative course. The presence of SCS was associated with a higher prevalence of gyral impressions and a larger normalization of Cranial Index due to less growth in the anteroposterior plane. The SCS group had a smaller postoperative intracranial volume due to less posterior intracranial volume as well as less growth in head circumference. Whether this is a growth restriction caused by the SCS or a secondary effect of less primary brain growth remains to be determined. However, the correlation between SCS, less cranial growth and gyral impressions does imply that SCS should be taken into consideration during clinical follow-up as a potentially adverse event.
Comprehensive Treatment and Vascular Architecture Characteristic of High-Flow Vascular Malformations in Periorbital Regions
Authors: Yang Peng , Ren Jian , Yu Jia-Xing , Zhai Xiao-Dong , Hu Peng , Hong Tao , Zhang Hong-Qi 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
This study analyzed the vascular architecture characteristics of high-flow vascular malformations (VMs) in periorbital regions, as well as the treatment and imaging prognosis of occlusion degree of the outflow veins.

Method:
The clinical data of 24 patients with high-flow VMs in periorbital regions treated in our center from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and the vascular architecture characteristics, treatment methods, and follow-up results were recorded.

Results:
The vascular architecture of high-flow VMs in periorbital regions which usually contained the intracranial feeding arteries (24/24,100.0%) and intracranial outflow veins (18/24, 75.0%). The average age of first diagnosis was 23 ± 16 years; the average age of treatment was 37 ± 10 years; the median follow-up time was 42.5 months. Twenty-four patients with high-flow VMs in periorbital regions had 58 treatments in all. The imaging cure was achieved in 6 patients by complete occlusion of outflow veins, and no recurrence was found by DSA. Eighteen patients who get incomplete occlusion of outflow veins were given 49 treatments, and 8 patients had imaging recurrence. Seven patients (7/24, 29.2%) had treatment-related complications in all.

Conclusions:
Patients with high-flow VMs in periorbital regions are the most complex cases. The prognosis of patients whose outflow veins can be completely occluded is relatively good. The stepwise embolization while preserving organ function is advisable. Nevertheless, the incidence of treatment complications is still high.
Treatment of Osteomyelitic Bone Following Cranial Vault Reconstruction With Delayed Reimplantation of Sterilized Autologous Bone: A Novel Technique for Cranial Reconstruction in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Vingan Perri , Halsey Jordan N. , Gagliardo Christina , Battiato Jennifer A. , Fried Arno , Ciminello Frank S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Craniosynostosis, a deformity of the skull caused by premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures, is treated surgically via endoscopic approaches or cranial vault remodeling. Postoperative infection is rare. Management of postoperative surgical site infections often involves culture-directed intravenous antibiotics and debridement, with removal of osteomyelitic bone and hardware in refractory cases. Removal of autologous bone in a pediatric patient presents a reconstructive challenge, as alloplastic options are not optimal in a growing child, especially in the setting of infection. Moreover, infants and small children have limited autologous bone options for reconstruction. We present our case of a young child who developed an infectious complication following cranial vault remodeling. The patient's demographic information, clinical presentation and postoperative course, radiologic features, surgical interventions, and treatment outcomes were reviewed. In our case, autologous osteomyelitic bone underwent tissue processing to eradicate the infection and complete skull reconstruction using the patient's own processed autologous bone was performed in a delayed fashion. The patient is now 1 year postoperative with no recurrence of infection. We present this case as a novel technique to eradicate infection in autologous bone, allowing for delayed autologous cranial reconstruction.
Dual Purpose of De-Epithelialized Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap for Treatment of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis and Frontal Bone Defect
Authors: Shimbo Keisuke , Okuhara Yukako , Yokota Kazunori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTreating frontal sinusitis refractory to endoscopic sinus surgery and complicating frontal bone defect remains a challenge. One surgical option determined is free flap transfer, which has the versatility to accommodate adequate sinus obliteration and reconstruct skin and bone defects. After successful free flap transfer, forehead recessus deformity can emerge as an esthetic problem for patients waiting for cranioplasty. Hence, the authors examine three cases in which they performed free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LDM) flaps for chronic frontal sinusitis with frontal bone defect. All LDM flaps survived without complications, and all patients achieved passable forehead contours without cranioplasty and with no occurrence of infection. In our procedure, the muscle portion of the LDM flap was used to obliterate the frontal sinus, which is similar to conventional free LDM flap. Conversely, our procedure also uses the de-epithelialized skin paddle of the LDM flap filled with the frontal bone defect, which is distinct from conventional free LDM flap. Thus, preventing postoperative forehead recessus deformity has been the identified as primary advantage of our procedure. The use of the free de-epithelialized LDM flap transfer fulfills two goals: controlling chronic frontal sinusitis and restoring a passable forehead contour.
The Efficacy of Lasmiditan for the Treatment of Migraine: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Zhu Hui , Tang Yongguo , Zhou Ting , Song Jing 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
The efficacy of lasmiditan is used to alleviate migraine. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of lasmiditan versus placebo on pain control in patients with migraine.

Methods
We search the PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of lasmiditan versus placebo on pain control in patients with migraine. This meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model.

Results
Four randomized controlled trials are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with the control group, in patients with migraine, lasmiditan treatment shows positive impact on pain free at 2 hours [risk ratio (RR), 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47–2.07; P < 0.00001], headache response at 2 hours (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.28–1.49; P < 0.00001), pain free at 24 hours (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16–2.07; P = 0.003), and no or mild disability level (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11–1.29; P < 0.00001), but has no obvious influence on nausea (RR, 2.22; 95% CI, 0.92–5.35; P = 0.08). In addition, lasmiditan seems to result in the increase in dizziness (RR, 6.36; 95% CI, 3.00–13.46; P < 0.0001) and paresthesia (RR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.66–9.78; P < 0.00001).

Conclusions
Lasmiditan treatment provides additional benefits for pain control in patients with migraine.
Health Heatmap of India: An Open Data Platform
Authors: Dinesh Akshay S , Mathur Varnita , Ansil B. R. , Chandru Vijay , Chellam Ravi , Vanak Abi Tamim , Ramakrishnan Uma , Rajagopal Prabhakar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHealth Heatmap of India is an open data platform built for bringing together data from diverse sources and facilitating visualization, analysis, and insight building from such data. In this paper, we describe the context and need for such an open data platform and describe the technical aspects of building it. The beta site of the portal is available at http://healthheatmapindia.org
Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Baang Ji Hoon , Smith Christopher , Mirabelli Carmen , Valesano Andrew L. , Manthei David M. , Bachman Michael , Wobus Christiane E. , Adams Michael , Washer Laraine , Martin Emily T. , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of chronic COVID-19 in a patient with lymphoma and associated B-cell immunodeficiency. Viral cultures and sequence analysis demonstrate ongoing replication of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus for at least 119 days. The patient had three admissions related to COVID-19 over a four-month period and was treated twice with remdesivir and convalescent plasma with resolution of symptoms. The patient’s lack of seroconversion and prolonged course illustrate the importance of humoral immunity in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case highlights challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts, who may act as persistent shedders and sources of transmission.