bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast robust optimization using bias correction applied to the mean model
Authors: Wang Lingya , Oliver Dean S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnsemble methods are remarkably powerful for quantifying geological uncertainty. However, the use of the ensemble of reservoir models for robust optimization (RO) can be computationally demanding. The straightforward computation of the expected net present value (NPV) requires many expensive simulations. To reduce the computational burden without sacrificing accuracy, we present a fast and effective approach that requires only simulation of the mean reservoir model with a bias correction factor. Information from distinct controls and model realizations can be used to estimate bias for different controls. The effectiveness of various bias-correction methods and a linear or quadratic approximation is illustrated by two applications: flow optimization in a one-dimensional model and the drilling-order problem in a synthetic field model. The results show that the approximation of the expected NPV from the mean model is significantly improved by estimating the bias correction factor, and that RO with mean model bias correction is superior to both RO performed using a Taylor series representation of uncertainty and deterministic optimization from a single realization. Use of the bias-corrected mean model to account for model uncertainty allows the application of fairly general optimization methods. In this paper, we apply a nonparametric online learning methodology (learned heuristic search) for efficiently computing an optimal or near-optimal robust drilling sequence on the REEK Field example. This methodology can be used either to optimize a complete drilling sequence or to optimize only the first few wells at a reduced cost by limiting the search depths.
SuperCam Calibration Targets: Design and Development
Authors: Manrique J. A. , Lopez-Reyes G. , Cousin A. , Rull F. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. , Madsen M. B. , Madariaga J. M. , Gasnault O. , Aramendia J. , Arana G. , Beck P. , Bernard S. , Bernardi P. , Bernt M. H. , Berrocal A. , Beyssac O. , Caïs P. , Castro C. , Castro K. , Clegg S. M. , Cloutis E. , Dromart G. , Drouet C. , Dubois B. , Escribano D. , Fabre C. , Fernandez A. , Forni O. , Garcia-Baonza V. , Gontijo I. , Johnson J. , Laserna J. , Lasue J. , Madsen S. , Mateo-Marti E. , Medina J. , Meslin P.-Y. , Montagnac G. , Moral A. , Moros J. , Ollila A. M. , Ortega C. , Prieto-Ballesteros O. , Reess J. M. , Robinson S. , Rodriguez J. , Saiz J. , Sanz-Arranz J. A. , Sard I. , Sautter V. , Sobron P. , Toplis M. , Veneranda M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuperCam is a highly integrated remote-sensing instrumental suite for NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It consists of a co-aligned combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (VISIR), together with sound recording (MIC) and high-magnification imaging techniques (RMI). They provide information on the mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral context around the Perseverance Rover.The calibration of this complex suite is a major challenge. Not only does each technique require its own standards or references, their combination also introduces new requirements to obtain optimal scientific output. Elemental composition, molecular vibrational features, fluorescence, morphology and texture provide a full picture of the sample with spectral information that needs to be co-aligned, correlated, and individually calibrated.The resulting hardware includes different kinds of targets, each one covering different needs of the instrument. Standards for imaging calibration, geological samples for mineral identification and chemometric calculations or spectral references to calibrate and evaluate the health of the instrument, are all included in the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT). The system also includes a specifically designed assembly in which the samples are mounted. This hardware allows the targets to survive the harsh environmental conditions of the launch, cruise, landing and operation on Mars during the whole mission. Here we summarize the design, development, integration, verification and functional testing of the SCCT. This work includes some key results obtained to verify the scientific outcome of the SuperCam system.
Bi-local search based variable neighborhood search for job-shop scheduling problem with transport constraints
Authors: Abderrahim Moussa , Bekrar Abdelghani , Trentesaux Damien , Aissani Nassima , Bouamrane Karim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn job-shop manufacturing systems, an efficient production schedule acts to reduce unnecessary costs and better manage resources. For the same purposes, modern manufacturing cells, in compliance with industry 4.0 concepts, use material handling systems in order to allow more control on the transport tasks. In this paper, a job-shop scheduling problem in vehicle based manufacturing facility that is mainly related to job assignment to resources is addressed. The considered job-shop production cell has two types of resources: processing resources that accomplish fabrication tasks for specific products, and transporting resources that assure parts’ transport to the processing area. A Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm is used to schedule product manufacturing and handling tasks in the aim to minimize the maximum completion time of a job set and an improved lower bound with new calculation method is presented. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Von der Arbeit 4.0 zum Sinn 4.0? Über das Sinnerleben in der Arbeit in Zeiten der Digitalisierung
Authors: Hardering Friedericke 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation verändert die Arbeitsgestaltung sowie das Arbeitserleben von Beschäftigten substanziell mit weitreichenden Konsequenzen für das gesellschaftliche Verständnis von Arbeit, aber auch für die Arbeitsansprüche von Beschäftigten. Vielfach werden in der aktuellen Debatte über die Digitalisierung Folgen für den Sinn von Arbeit oder das Sinnerleben von Beschäftigten angesprochen, ohne dass sich ein eindeutiges Bild ableiten lässt. Der Beitrag zielt darauf, die Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf den Sinn von Arbeit wie auch auf das Erleben von Sinn im Bereich der Arbeit auszuloten. Dazu wird eine Heuristik genutzt, die verschiedene Diskursstränge über Sinn und Arbeit differenziert und den Stand der unterschiedlichen Debatten rekonstruiert. Der Beitrag zeigt die Unterschiedlichkeit der Debatten und die heterogenen Vertiefungsgrade der Diskussionen. Weiterhin kann gezeigt werden, dass weniger die digitale Arbeit bzw. Effekte der Digitalisierung selbst, sondern vielmehr die Veränderungen von Handlungsspielräumen Konsequenzen für das Sinnerleben haben, welche auf die betriebliche Leistungspolitik zurückzuführen sind.
Clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with cervical spine fractures or with hip fractures
Authors: Baxter Joshua , Lisk Radcliffe , Osmani Ahmad , Yeong Keefai , Robin Jonathan , Fluck David , Fry Christopher Henry , Han Thang Sieu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients admitted with a cervical fracture are twice as likely to die within 30 days of injury than those with a hip fracture. However, guidelines for the management of cervical fractures are less available than for hip fractures. We hypothesise that outcomes may differ between these types of fractures. We analysed 1359 patients (406 men, 953 women) with mean age of 83.8 years (standard deviation = 8.7) admitted to a National Health Service hospital in 2013–2019 with a cervical (7.5%) or hip fracture (92.5%) of similar age. The association of cervical fracture (hip fracture as reference), hospital length of stay (LOS), co-morbidities, age and sex with outcomes (acute delirium, new pressure ulcer, and discharge to residential/nursing care) was assessed by stepwise multivariate logistic regression. Acute delirium without history of dementia was increased with cervical fractures: odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–4.7, age ≥ 80 years: OR = 3.5 (95% CI = 1.9–6.4), history of stroke: OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0–3.1) and ischaemic heart disease: OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1–3.6); pressure ulcers was increased with cervical fractures: OR = 10.9 (95% CI = 5.3–22.7), LOS of 2–3 weeks: OR = 3.0 (95% CI = 1.2–7.5) and LOS of ≥ 3 weeks: OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.2–11.0; and discharge to residential/nursing care was increased with cervical fractures: OR = 3.2 (95% CI = 1.4–7.0), LOS of ≥ 3 weeks: OR = 4.4 (95% CI = 2.5–7.6), dementia: OR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.6–4.7), Parkinson’s disease: OR = 3.4 (95% CI = 1.3–8.8), and age ≥ 80 years: OR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3–5.6). In conclusion, compared with hip fracture, cervical fracture is more likely to associate with acute delirium and pressure ulcers, and for discharge to residency of high level of care, independent of established risk factors.
The Metacognitive Training for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Miegel Franziska , Demiralay Cüneyt , Sure Anna , Moritz Steffen , Hottenrott Birgit , Cludius Barbara , Jelinek Lena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore than 50% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not receive first-line psychological treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention. To narrow this treatment gap, there is an urgent need for therapies that are easy to disseminate and highly accepted by patients. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Metacognitive Group Training for OCD (MCT-OCD). Fifty patients with OCD participated in the MCT-OCD for 4 weeks during their inpatient stay in a single-arm pilot trial. Patients were assessed before and after the intervention and filled out an online survey 6 months after post assessment. Results showed a decrease in obsessive compulsive symptoms according to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (primary outcome) from baseline to post assessment with a large effect size. Symptom reduction remained stable over 6 months and was positively correlated with appraisal ratings of the training. The reduction in frequency of obsessive compulsive symptoms, distress due to obsessive compulsive symptoms, cognitive biases, and depressive symptoms remained stable over 6 months after the intervention. Our findings tentatively imply that the MCT-OCD is a promising treatment for OCD patients. A randomized controlled trial is thus warranted to further clarify the efficacy of the MCT-OCD. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00012531), date of registration: 16.06.2017.
Network Analysis of Mindfulness Facets, Affect, Compassion, and Distress
Authors: Medvedev Oleg N. , Cervin Matti , Barcaccia Barbara , Siegert Richard J. , Roemer Anja , Krägeloh Christian U. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness, positive affect, and compassion may protect against psychological distress but there is lack of understanding about the ways in which these factors are linked to mental health. Network analysis is a statistical method used to investigate complex associations among constructs in a single network and is particularly suitable for this purpose. The aim of this study was to explore how mindfulness facets, affect, and compassion were linked to psychological distress using network analysis.

Methods
The sample (n = 400) included equal numbers from general and student populations who completed measures of five mindfulness facets, compassion, positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress. Network analysis was used to explore the direct associations between these variables.

Results
Compassion was directly related to positive affect, which in turn was strongly and inversely related to depression and positively related to the observing and describing facets of mindfulness. The non-judgment facet of mindfulness was strongly and inversely related to negative affect, anxiety, and depression, while non-reactivity and acting with awareness were inversely associated with stress and anxiety, respectively. Strong associations were found between all distress variables.

Conclusions
The present network analysis highlights the strong link between compassion and positive affect and suggests that observing and describing the world through the lens of compassion may enhance resilience to depression. Taking a non-judging and non-reacting stance toward internal experience while acting with awareness may protect against psychological distress. Applicability of these findings can be examined in experimental studies aiming to prevent distress and enhance psychological well-being.
A reference allelic ladder for Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) enables linking grouse genetic data across studies
Authors: Andesner Philipp , Vallant Stephanie , Seeber Thomas , Lentner Reinhard , Arthofer Wolfgang , Steiner Florian M. , Schlick-Steiner Birgit C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRapid anthropogenic climate change and progressing habitat degradation are considered top threats to biodiversity. The employment of demanding umbrella species as indicators for ecosystem health is a popular and cost-effective strategy that facilitates continuous monitoring and evaluation within a long-term conservation management scheme. The Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and the Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) are both considered viable candidates due to their extensive habitat requirements, the possibility for conservative, non-invasive sampling, and their broad popular appeal. Regional population surveys based on genetic data from Short Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis are being conducted throughout the Palearctic. However, to ensure reliable comparability among laboratories, standardization is required. Here, we report a catalogue of fifty fully characterized reference alleles from twelve SSR loci and the construction of a customizable allelic ladder for genotyping and individualization in Western Capercaillie and Black Grouse. This methodological improvement will help to cost-efficiently generate and collate supraregional data from different grouse surveys and thereby contribute to conservation management. Reference alleles and ladders can be obtained on demand.
Mentoring Medical Students Towards Oncology: Results from a Pilot Multi-institutional Mentorship Programme
Authors: Rallis Kathrine S. , Wozniak Anna , Hui Sara , Stammer Adam , Cinar Cigdem , Sun Min , Fulton-Ward Taylor , Clarke Alison A. , Papagrigoriadis Savvas , Papalois Apostolos , Sideris Michail Ch. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mounting global cancer burden has generated an increasing demand for oncologists to join the workforce. Yet, students report limited oncology exposure in undergraduate medical curricula, while undergraduate oncology mentorships remain underutilised. We established an undergraduate oncology society–led mentorship programme aimed at medical students across several UK universities to increase medical student oncology exposure. We electronically recruited and paired oncologist mentors and medical student mentees and distributed a dedicated questionnaire (pre- and post-mentorship) to compare mentees’ self-reported cancer specialty knowledge and oncology career motivation after undertaking a 6-week mentorship. We also determined students’ interest across specialties and subspecialties and measured mentor availability via percentage programme uptake. Statistical analysis included univariate inferential tests on SPSS software. Twentynine (23.4%) of 124 oncology specialists agreed to become mentors. The mentorship was completed by 30 students across three medical schools: 16 (53.3%) Barts, 10 (33.3%) Birmingham, and 4 (13.3%) King’s; 11 (36.7%) mentored by medical oncologists, 10 (33.3%) by clinical/radiation oncologists, and 9 (30%) by surgical oncologists. The mentorship generated a statically significant increase in students’ knowledge of the multidisciplinary team and all oncology-related specialties including academia/research but not interest towards a career in oncology. Undergraduate oncology mentoring is an effective educational, networking and motivational tool for medical students. Student societies are a valuable asset in cultivating medical student oncology interest by connecting students to faculty and increasing mentor accessibility. Further research should focus on developing an optimal mentorship structure and evaluating long-term outcomes of such educational initiatives.
Evaluation of patients with a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device using echocardiographic particle image velocimetry
Authors: Schinkel Arend F. L. , Akin Sakir , Strachinaru Mihai , Muslem Rahatullah , Bowen Dan , Yalcin Yunus C. , Brugts Jasper J. , Constantinescu Alina A. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Caliskan Kadir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Poor left ventricular (LV) function may affect the physiological intraventricular blood flow and physiological vortex formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of intraventricular blood flow dynamics in patients with LV assist devices (LVADs) using echocardiographic particle image velocimetry.

Materials and methods
This prospective study included 17 patients (mean age 57 ± 11 years, 82% male) who had received an LVAD (HeartMate 3, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois, USA) because of end-stage heart failure and poor LV function. Eleven (64%) patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy, and six patients (36%) had nonischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients underwent echocardiography, including intravenous administration of an ultrasound-enhancing agent (SonoVue, Bracco, Milan, Italy). Echocardiographic particle image velocimetry was used to quantify LV blood flow dynamics, including vortex formation (Hyperflow software, Tomtec imaging systems Gmbh, Unterschleissheim, Germany).

Results
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was well tolerated in all patients and was performed without adverse reactions or side effects. The LVAD function parameters did not change during or after the ultrasound examination. The LVAD flow was on average 4.3 ± 0.3 L/min, and the speed was 5247 ± 109 rotations/min. The quantification of LV intraventricular flow demonstrated substantial impairment of vortex parameters. The energy dissipation, vorticity, and kinetic energy fluctuation indices were severely impaired.

Conclusions
Echo particle velocimetry is safe and feasible for the quantitative assessment of intraventricular flow in patients with an LVAD. The intraventricular LV flow and vortex parameters are severely impaired in these patients.
Electrical Brain Stimulation During a Retrieval-Based Learning Task Can Impair Long-Term Memory
Authors: Pyke Wesley , Vostanis Athanasios , Javadi Amir-Homayoun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to improve performance on a multitude of cognitive tasks. These are, however, often simple tasks, testing only one cognitive domain at a time. Therefore, the efficacy of brain stimulation for complex tasks has yet to be understood. Using a task designed to increase learning efficiency, this study investigates whether anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC can modulate both learning ability and subsequent long-term memory retention. Using a within-subject design, participants (N = 25) took part in 6 training sessions over consecutive days in which active or sham stimulation was administered randomly (3 of each). A computer-based task was used, containing flags from countries unknown to the participants. Each training session consisted of the repetition of 8 pairs of flag/country names. Subsequently, in three testing sessions, free, cued, and timed cued recall, participants were assessed on all 48 flags they had learnt. No difference in learning speed between active and sham tDCS was found. Furthermore, in the timed cued recall phase, flags learnt in the sham tDCS sessions were recalled significantly better than flags learnt in the active tDCS sessions. This effect was stronger in the second testing session. It was also found that for the flags answered incorrectly; thus, meaning they were presented more frequently, subsequent long-term retention was improved. These results suggest that for a complex task, anodal tDCS is ineffective at improving learning speed and potentially detrimental to long-term retention when employed during encoding. This serves to highlight the complex nature of brain stimulation, providing a greater understanding of its limitations and drawbacks.
Pilot study of a combined genomic and epidemiologic surveillance program for hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant pathogens across multiple hospital networks in Australia
Authors: Sherry Norelle L. , Lee Robyn S. , Gorrie Claire L. , Kwong Jason C. , Stuart Rhonda L. , Korman Tony M. , Marshall Caroline , Higgs Charlie , Chan Hiu Tat , Graham Maryza , Johnson Paul D.R. , Leroi Marcel J. , Reed Caroline , Richards Michael J. , Slavin Monica A. , Worth Leon J. , Howden Benjamin P. , Grayson M. Lindsay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:To conduct a pilot study implementing combined genomic and epidemiologic surveillance for hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) to predict transmission between patients and to estimate the local burden of MDRO transmission.Design:Pilot prospective multicenter surveillance study.Setting:The study was conducted in 8 university hospitals (2,800 beds total) in Melbourne, Australia (population 4.8 million), including 4 acute-care, 1 specialist cancer care, and 3 subacute-care hospitals.Methods:All clinical and screening isolates from hospital inpatients (April 24 to June 18, 2017) were collected for 6 MDROs: vanA VRE, MRSA, ESBL Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPa) and Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb). Isolates were analyzed and reported as routine by hospital laboratories, underwent whole-genome sequencing at the central laboratory, and were analyzed using open-source bioinformatic tools. MDRO burden and transmission were assessed using combined genomic and epidemiologic data.Results:In total, 408 isolates were collected from 358 patients; 47.5% were screening isolates. ESBL-Ec was most common (52.5%), then MRSA (21.6%), vanA VRE (15.7%), and ESBL-Kp (7.6%). Most MDROs (88.3%) were isolated from patients with recent healthcare exposure.Combining genomics and epidemiology identified that at least 27.1% of MDROs were likely acquired in a hospital; most of these transmission events would not have been detected without genomics. The highest proportion of transmission occurred with vanA VRE (88.4% of patients).Conclusions:Genomic and epidemiologic data from multiple institutions can feasibly be combined prospectively, providing substantial insights into the burden and distribution of MDROs, including in-hospital transmission. This analysis enables infection control teams to target interventions more effectively.