bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Priming on Effectiveness of TMS in Detecting Language-eloquent Brain Areas in Tumor Patients
Authors: Freigang Sascha , Fresnoza Shane , Mahdy Ali Kariem , Zaar Karla , Jehna Margit , Reishofer Gernot , Rammel Katrin , Studencnik Fritz , Ischebeck Anja , von Campe Gord 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Language is characteristically human, and preserving it is critical when resecting tumors in language-eloquent brain areas. Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) has been used in recent years as a noninvasive technique to identify preoperatively the language-eloquent cortical areas in tumor patients. An important objective is to increase the sensitivity and specificity of nrTMS in detecting language-related areas and increase the positive correlation of its results to that of intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). Although the technical aspects of the procedure have received enormous interest, factors related to the targeted cortical area such as previous cortical history or activity have been neglected. Therefore, the present study explores the impact of previous cortical history or activity on the effectiveness of a subsequent nrTMS mapping paradigm.
Materials and Methods Twelve right-handed patients with a left hemispheric glioma underwent presurgical nrTMS language mapping and intraoperative language mapping with DCS. nrTMS was performed using a continuous theta burst stimulation paradigm to inhibit possible language relevant areas in the vicinity of the tumor, determined anatomically or based on functional magnetic resonance imaging hotspots. The nrTMS was applied in two separate sessions. One of the sessions randomly included a priming paradigm to precondition the targeted cortical areas.
Results Priming stimulation decreased the error detection of the subsequent nrTMS mapping paradigm. This effect was more robust on major types of errors such as speech arrest and hesitation.
Conclusion Prior cortical activity as induced by the priming stimulation has a profound impact on the responsiveness to the nrTMS mapping paradigm. Our findings further showed that metaplasticity, a type of homeostatic plastic process, could be elicited even in cortical areas affected by a growing tumor.
Endoscopic 4-MHz Radiofrequency Treatment of Facet Joint Syndrome Is More Than Just Denervation: One Incision for Three Facets
Authors: Woiciechowsky Christian , Richter Leonie Mercedes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Low back pain is well documented as an extremely common health problem. The most frequently used treatment is radiofrequency denervation for chronic low back pain. However, different clinical studies could only show a limited to no improvement regarding the decrease of pain intensity and duration of the effect. The main reasons for these limited effects seem to be due to the size of the lesion and difficulties in locating the exact placement of the cannula near the medial branch as well as or additional pathologies. Using an endoscope, it is possible to coagulate the facet joints and the medial branch under visual control and consider other pathologies such as extraspinal synovial cysts.
Patients In this retrospective study, we included 28 patients with low back pain, with a duration > 6 months and a 50% pain reduction on the numeric analog scale (NAS) after a diagnostic block. All patients received endoscopic facet joint denervation of three facets on the left and right side using only one incision on each side with an exploration of the surrounding tissue. Telephone interviews were conducted with all patients. The outcome was determined with Odom's criteria, percentage reduction NAS, subjective assessment of the patient, and duration of the effect.
Results According to Odom's criteria, 68% of the patients showed “acceptable” to “excellent” results and confirmed that denervation helped them manage their daily lives better. The average pain reduction in the responder group was 47% with an average duration of 7.8 months.
Conclusion In this retrospective study, we demonstrated the practicability and effectiveness of the endoscopic facet joint denervation procedure in the treatment of chronic low back pain using only one incision for three facets. Further studies should investigate if this procedure is more effective than percutaneous radiofrequency denervation.
Skull Base Reconstruction Using a Temporoparietal Galeal Flap in Simultaneous Transnasal and Transcranial Surgery for the Prevention of Carotid Blowout Syndrome: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Iwami Kenichiro , Fujii Masazumi , Jinguji Shinya , Kishida Yugo , Watanabe Tadashi , Oosuka Koji , Saito Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare complication that usually occurs after removal of head and neck tumors. Since transnasal skull base surgery allows a wide exposure of the ventral skull base, neurosurgeons should pay attention to prevent this devastating complication. We present, three cases involving exposure of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the skull base during the simultaneous transnasal and transcranial approach.
Case Description The first patient was a 69-year-old man with a recurrent chordoma. The exposed ICA was covered by an abdominal fat graft and nasoseptal flap, but he experienced CBS 2 months later and died. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with an intraosseous cavernous angioma of the petrous bone. The exposed ICA was covered by a temporoparietal galeal flap (TPGF), abdominal fat graft, and nasoseptal flap. The third patient was a 73-year-old man with skull base radiation necrosis and intracerebral abscess after proton beam therapy for orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma. The exposed ICA was covered by TPGF. The second and third patients' postoperative courses were uneventful.
Conclusion Based on our experience, a nasoseptal flap alone may be insufficient to protect ICA. TPGF is therefore another available reconstruction option that may help prevent CBS.
Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Staab Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPersistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) was defined for the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders in 2017. It is a chronic vestibular disorder that manifests with waxing and waning symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, or nonspinning vertigo that last for 3 months or more and are exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive motion of self, and exposure to environments with complex or moving visual stimuli. Triggers of PPPD include a wide variety of conditions that may cause vestibular symptoms or disrupt balance functioning, including neuro-otologic and other medical conditions and psychological distress. The diagnosis is made by identifying key symptoms in patients' histories and conducting physical examinations and diagnostic testing of sufficient detail to establish PPPD as opposed to other illnesses. Ongoing research is providing insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PPPD and support for multimodality treatment plans incorporating specially adapted vestibular rehabilitation, serotonergic medications, and cognitive-behavior therapy.
Impacted Pen Cap in Pharynx Leading to Pharyngojugular and Pharyngocutaneous Fistula in an Infant
Authors: Ravikumar Namita , Awasthi Puspraj , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Jayashree Muralidharan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForeign body-related injuries to aerodigestive tract and large neck vessels are rare but can be catastrophic if not identified and treated in time. We report an infant with impacted foreign body (pen cap) in the pharynx which went unnoticed until it led to the formation of a fistula with the internal jugular vein (IJV) and massive hemorrhage. His course was complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia, air leaks, shock, acute kidney injury, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and pharyngocutaneous fistula. The surgical removal of foreign body, ligation of IJV, closure of pharyngeal defect, and supportive treatment in pediatric intensive care unit led to a favorable outcome. This is the first case of pharyngojugular and pharyngocutaneous fistula following an impacted foreign body in the pharynx.
Biofilms in Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Review of Diagnostic Modalities, Current Treatments, and Future Directions
Authors: Shoji Monica M. , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs the number of total joint arthroplasties continues to rise, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a significant and devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty, may also increase. In PJI, bacterial biofilms are formed by causative pathogens surrounded by extracellular matrix with relatively dormant cells that can persist, resulting in a barrier against the host immune system and antibiotics. These biofilms not only contribute to the pathogenesis of PJI but also result in diagnostic challenges, antibiotic resistance, and PJI treatment failure. This review discusses the development of biofilms and key features associated with biofilm pathogenicity in PJI, current PJI diagnostic methods and their limitations, and current treatment options. Additionally, this article explores novel approaches to treat PJI, including targeting persister bacteria, immunotherapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and bacteriophage therapy. Biofilm eradication can also be achieved through enzymatic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and ultrasound. Finally, this review discusses novel techniques to prevent PJI, including improved irrigation solutions, smart implants with antimicrobial properties, inhibition of quorum sensing, and vaccines, which may revolutionize PJI management in the future by eradicating a devastating problem.
Ras acts as a molecular switch between two forms of consolidated memory in
Drosophila
Authors: Noyes Nathaniel C. , Walkinshaw Erica , Davis Ronald L. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
The formation of long-lasting memories requires the suppression of factors that negatively regulate long-term memories (LTM). To date, research has largely focused on processes that positively regulate memory acquisition and consolidation. Here, we describe a signaling pathway that acts as a switch between two forms of memory, suppressing one in favor of the other. Inhibition of rho kinase (ROCK) by Ras/Raf activity suppresses anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) and is required for the formation of protein synthesis-dependent LTM (PSD-LTM). Reduction in Ras/Raf and increased ROCK activity promotes the consolidation of ARM and prevents PSD-LTM. This work 1) defines an LTM suppressor signaling pathway that bidirectionally modulates consolidation and 2) provides a molecular mechanism for a previously observed antagonism between ARM and PSD-LTM.
Trop2 is a driver of metastatic prostate cancer with neuroendocrine phenotype via PARP1
Authors: Hsu En-Chi , Rice Meghan A. , Bermudez Abel , Marques Fernando Jose Garcia , Aslan Merve , Liu Shiqin , Ghoochani Ali , Zhang Chiyuan Amy , Chen Yun-Sheng , Zlitni Aimen , Kumar Sahil , Nolley Rosalie , Habte Frezghi , Shen Michelle , Koul Kashyap , Peehl Donna M. , Zoubeidi Amina , Gambhir Sanjiv S. , Kunder Christian A. , Pitteri Sharon J. , Brooks James D. , Stoyanova Tanya 
Published: January 2020

Significance
NEPC is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that is increasing in incidence, likely due to use of new secondary androgen deprivation therapies. Here, we demonstrate that Trop2 is significantly elevated in CRPC and NEPC and represents a driver of metastatic NEPC. Trop2 overexpression increases tumor growth, drives metastasis and neuroendocrine phenotype, and significantly increases PARP1 levels. Inhibition of PARP1 in Trop2-driven NEPC significantly decreases neuroendocrine features, tumor growth, and metastatic colonization in vivo, suggesting that PARP1 inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic prostate cancer expressing high levels of Trop2.
Brain-wide functional architecture remodeling by alcohol dependence and abstinence
Authors: Kimbrough Adam , Lurie Daniel J. , Collazo Andres , Kreifeldt Max , Sidhu Harpreet , Macedo Giovana Camila , D’Esposito Mark , Contet Candice , George Olivier 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Visualizing functional changes in brain networks that are produced by alcohol use and alcohol dependence is a critical step in our understanding of the consequences of drinking alcohol. Because of technical limitations, visualizing changes throughout the whole brain at single-cell resolution has not been possible. The present study used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach in mice to assess whether alcohol abstinence alters functional architecture of the brain. Compared with nondrinkers and casual drinkers, alcohol-dependent mice exhibited widespread increases in coordinated brain activity during abstinence and a decrease in modularity. We also identified target brain regions for future research and provide a single-cell whole-brain atlas that may be used to better understand the consequences of alcohol use, dependence, and abstinence.
A long-distance rRNA base pair impacts the ability of macrolide antibiotics to kill bacteria
Authors: Svetlov Maxim S. , Cohen Sophie , Alsuhebany Nada , Vázquez-Laslop Nora , Mankin Alexander S. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
The bactericidal activity of macrolide antibiotics correlates with the presence of an extended alkyl-aryl side chain, which accounts for their slow departure rate from the ribosome. Here, we found that the base pair between 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotides 752 and 2609 located in the macrolide binding site is important for the ribosome functionality and for establishing the unique interactions with the extended side chain of macrolide antibiotics. Disruption of the 752-2609 base pair accelerates the departure of extended macrolides from the ribosome and reduces their cidality. Our results demonstrate that not only the chemical features of the antibiotic, but also the structure of the target site contribute to the ability of the inhibitor to kill bacteria.
Causatives and causativation in Tangut language
Authors: Lim Khai-in 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the causative verb 𘃡 wji1 and 𗟻 phji1 in the Tangut language.
Causatives can be subcategorized as adversity causatives, transitive verbs (lexical causatives of intransitive verbs), analytic
causatives of intransitive verbs, and causatives of transitive verbs. I argue that adversity causatives are expressed by 𘃡
wji1, while 𗟻 phji1 serves as the verb marking causatives of transitive verbs. Causatives of
intransitive verbs can be divided according the directness of the action: direct actions, which often apply on inanimate objects,
are causativized by 𘃡 wji1 (or use other transitive verbs), and indirect actions, which usually apply on animate
objects, are causativized by 𗟻 phji1.
A quantitative analysis of tone sandhi in Standard Mandarin and Nanjing Mandarin based on surface pitch contours and
underlying pitch targets
Authors: Chen Si , Wiltshire Caroline , Li Bin , Wayland Ratree 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two statistical modelling methods are first used to quantify the third tone sandhi in Standard Mandarin in which
the first falling-rising T3 becomes a rising T2 in the T3 + T3 disyllabic context. Growth curve analysis
suggests non-neutralization of the surface F0 contours of the sandhi tone and its corresponding citation tone (T2), whereas a
quantitative F0 target approximation model reveals neutralization of their underlying pitch targets, congruent with the stable and
categorical tone shift properties of tone sandhi processes. The same statistical procedure is successfully extended to examine
tone sandhi rules in Nanjing Mandarin. Our analysis leads to a proposal to change tonal values based on the Chao’s number system
of some Nanjing Mandarin monosyllabic tones. The transformation method from acoustic data to Chao’s number applies well to our
data and proves superior to those previously described in the literature.
Interactional metadiscourse of gender in Persian
Authors: Amouzadeh Mohammad , Zareifard Raha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present study sets out to investigate an important aspect of gendered performance, namely, the presence of
interactional metadiscourse in conference presentations delivered in Persian. The study pursues two primary objectives: firstly,
to compare the quantity and quality of interactional metadiscourse markers as expressed by male and female academics; secondly, to
investigate some other factors influencing the phenomenon under investigation. The data include twenty-four conference
presentations by twelve males and twelve females. The quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the
use of interactional metadiscourse by male and female presenters. However, the qualitative analysis helped the authors to identify
more similarities than differences. In point of fact, such factors as academic status and nativeness had caused the speakers to
use different metadiscourse strategies.
Kinship term generalization as a cultural pragmatic strategy among Chinese graduate students
Authors: Ren Juanjuan , Chen Xinren 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A common Chinese addressing practice is to address non-kin people with kinship terms, a phenomenon sometimes
described as ‘kinship term generalization’. Previous studies have mainly focused on the characteristics and functions of kinship
term generalization, confined to certain specific generalized kinship terms (GKTs for short), and limited to GKTs in some Chinese
dialects or certain Chinese literary works. The present study adopts the socio-pragmatic perspective to examine the phenomenon
among Chinese graduate students, a social group not heeded in the literature. Based on the analysis of the data collected, we
argue that Chinese graduate students’ varying use of GKTs in academic settings is a pragmatic strategy, characterized by the
family-centered cultural values of the Chinese society. It is hoped that the present study at the intersection between pragmatics
and sociolinguistics may enrich the study of address forms in general, and in particular of Chinese GKTs.
Exosomal PD‐L1 functions as an immunosuppressant to promote wound healing
Authors: Su Dandan , Tsai Hsiang‐I , Xu Zhanxue , Yan Fuxia , Wu Yingyi , Xiao Youmei , Liu Xiaoyan , Wu Yanping , Parvanian Sepideh , Zhu Wangshu , Eriksson John E. , Wang Dongqing , Zhu Haitao , Chen Hongbo , Cheng Fang 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTExcessive and persistent inflammation after injury lead to chronic wounds, increased tissue damage or even aggressive carcinogenic transformation. Effective wound repair could be achieved by inhibiting overactive immune cells to the injured site. In this study, we obtained high concentration of PD‐L1 in exosomes from either genetically engineered cells overexpressing PD‐L1 or IFN‐γ stimulated cells. We found that exosomal PD‐L1 is specially bound to PD‐1 on T cell surface, and suppressed T cell activation. Interestingly, exosomal PD‐L1 promoted the migration of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts when pre‐incubated with T cells. We further embedded exosomes into thermoresponsive PF‐127 hydrogel, which was gelatinized at body temperature to release exosomes to the surroundings in a sustained manner. Of importance, in a mouse skin excisional wound model, exosomal PD‐L1 significantly fastened wound contraction and reepithelialization when embedded in hydrogel during inflammation phase. Finally, exosomal PD‐L1 inhibited cytokine production of CD8+ T cells and suppressed CD8+ T cell numbers in spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. Taken together, these data provide evidence on exosomal PD‐L1 exerting immune inhibitory effects and promoting tissue repair.
Altered biodistribution of deglycosylated extracellular vesicles through enhanced cellular uptake
Authors: Nishida‐Aoki Nao , Tominaga Naoomi , Kosaka Nobuyoshi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) from cancer are delivered both proximal and distal organs. EVs are highly glycosylated at the surface where EVs interact with cells and therefore has an impact on their properties and biological functions. Aberrant glycosylation in cancer is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. However, the biological function of glycosylation on the surface of EV is uncovered. We first demonstrated differential glycosylation profiles of EVs and their originated cells, and distinct glycosylation profiles in a brain‐metastatic subline BMD2a from its parental human breast cancer cell line, MDA‐MB‐231‐luc‐D3H2LN by lectin blot. We then investigated the roles of surface glycoconjugates on EV uptake. N‐ and/or O‐glycosylation removal of fluorescent‐labelled BMD2a EVs enhanced cellular uptake to endothelial cells, suggesting that surface glycosylation has inhibitory effects on cellular uptake. Biodistribution of glycosylation‐deprived BMD2a EVs administrated intravenously into mice was further analysed ex vivo using near‐infrared lipophilic dye. EVs treated with O‐deglycosylation enzymes enhanced the accumulation of EVs to the lungs after 24 h from the injection, while N‐deglycosylation did not markedly alter biodistribution. As the lungs are first organs in which intravenous blood flows, we suggest that surface glycosylation of cancer‐derived EVs avoid promiscuous adhesion to proximal tissues to be delivered to distant organs.
Elastic least-squares reverse-time migration with density variation for flaw imaging in heterogeneous structures
Authors: Rao Jing , Yang Jizhong , He Jiaze , Huang Ming , Rank Ernst 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic techniques are able to accurately detect and characterize flaws in homogeneous structures. Elastic reverse time migration (ERTM) is a powerful tool to reconstruct high-resolution images of flaws. To achieve images with better quality, the solution can be obtained by iteratively finding an image generating the modeled data which can best match the measured data in a least-squares sense, i.e. least-squares migration (LSM). Combing ERTM and LSM, conventional elastic least-squares reverse time migration (ELSRTM) methods are based on the assumption of a constant density, which can lead to inaccurate amplitudes and parameter crosstalk artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this paper, an ultrasonic imaging technique based on the ELSRTM which considers density as well as longitudinal-(L-) and shear-wave (S-wave) velocity variations is explored for imaging flaws in heterogeneous structures. The ELSRTM with density variations can simultaneously reconstruct density and L- and S-wave velocity images, which can provide amplitude-preserving images and mitigate crosstalk artifacts. This method is applied to numerical as well as physical laboratory experiments and the results appear promising for flaw identification in heterogeneous structures.