bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documenting museum records of West African Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Benin and Senegal
Authors: Hounkpati Kwevitoukoui , McHugh Joseph , Niang Abdoul Aziz , Goergen Georg 
Published: January 2020

This work provides a preliminary inventory of West African Coccinellidae.
This was based on the West African Coccinellidae (WAC) specimens in the holdings of insect collections at the Laboratoire de Zoologie des Invertébrés Terrestres at the Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire Cheikh Anta Diop (IFAN), Senegal and the Biodiversity Center at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITAB), Benin.
A total of 129 species representing 11 tribes and 40 genera is reported, including one species of the subfamily Microweiseinae and 128 species of the subfamily Coccinellinae. The geographic distribution of collection localities is presented for these species. Cheilomenes lunata (Fabricius, 1775), Cheilomenes propinqua (Mulsant, 1850), Cheilomenes sulphurea (Olivier, 1791), Chnootriba elaterii (Rossi, 1794), Chnootriba similis (Thunberg, 1781), Exochomus laeviusculus Weise, 1909, Hyperaspis delicatula (Mulsant, 1850) and Hyperaspis pumila Mulsant, 1850 are the best represented species in these collections.
La critique marxiste du contrat de travail
Authors: Tanghe Fernand 
Published: January 2020

La première partie du texte contient un résumé de la critique du contrat de travail telle qu’on peut la dégager de l’œuvre de Marx. Cette critique revient à dire que le contrat de travail est une médiation/réelle et une forme idéologique de l’exploitation capitaliste. Médiation réelle et nécessaire parce que, dans le capitalisme, l’exploitation passe par la sphère de la circulation, où tous les individus sont sujets de droit, libres et égaux. Forme idéologique parce que le contrat, comme figure juridique de la circulation, dissimule la sphère de la production où a lieu l’extorsion de plus-value (exploitation). La critique de Marx est donc centrée autour de l’exploitation (économique). Toutefois, on trouve dans son œuvre, sous forme dominée, une autre problématique concernant le droit : c’est la critique selon laquelle le sujet de droit et le contractualisme constituent une figure de la réification de l’individu par les rapports marchands. Or, c’est cette problématique dominée qu’il s’agit de développer aujourd’hui. Cette voie est esquissée dans la deuxième partie de l’article. A partir des problèmes et des ambiguïtés suscités par la théorie de la plus-value, l’accent est déplacé sur la médiation et la consécration de la dépendance par le contrat (de travail) : aujourd’hui, cette dépendance ne concerne pas seulement la sphère de la production, mais, de plus en plus, la sphère de consommation et les autres domaines de la vie quotidienne. D’autre part, de par son abstraction même, le sujet de droit ne peut pas être réduit à une figure des rapports marchands : par les potentialités politiques qu’il contient et son indétermination historique, il peut devenir moyen de lutte contre la société capitaliste. Finalement, il y a donc une réduction économiste à l’œuvre dans la critique de Marx, qui lui fait manquer aussi la dimension politique du communisme. C’est pourquoi l’article se clôt par un "éloge du politique" et le rappel que l’assomption de cette dimension est indispensable pour le développement d’une critique du droit existant.
OSBP-Related Protein 5L Maintains Intracellular IP3/Ca2+ Signaling and Proliferation in T Cells by Facilitating PIP2 Hydrolysis
Authors: Xu Mengyang , Zhu Biying , Cao Xiuye , Li Shannai , Li Dan , Zhou Huihao , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Zhong Wenbin , Xu Jun , Yan Daoguang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms play central roles in signaling cascades by cleaving PIP2 into the second messengers IP3 and DAG. In this study, to our knowledge, we uncover that ORP5L interacts physically with PLCγ1 in T cells, extracts PIP2 from the plasma membrane via its ORD domain (OSBP-related domain), presents it to PLCγ1 (enabling IP3 generation), and eventually maintains intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Through this mechanism, ORP5L promotes T cell proliferation in a Ca2+-activated NFAT2-dependent manner. To our knowledge, our study uncovers a new key function of ORP5L as a critical cofactor for PLCγ1 catalysis and its crucial role in human T cell proliferation.
Antibody Opsonization of a TLR9 Agonist–Containing Virus-like Particle Enhances In Situ Immunization
Authors: Lemke-Miltner Caitlin D. , Blackwell Sue E. , Yin Chaobo , Krug Anna E. , Morris Aaron J. , Krieg Arthur M. , Weiner George J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The immunologic and therapeutic effects of intratumoral (IT) delivery of a novel virus-like particle as a lymphoma immunotherapy were evaluated in preclinical studies with human cells and a murine model. CMP-001 is a virus-like particle composed of the Qβ bacteriophage capsid protein encapsulating an immunostimulatory CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonist. In vitro, CMP-001 induced cytokine production, including IFN-α from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but only in the presence of anti-Qβ Ab. In vivo, IT CMP-001 treatment of murine A20 lymphoma enhanced survival and reduced growth of both injected and contralateral noninjected tumors in a manner dependent on both the ability of mice to generate anti-Qβ Ab and the presence of T cells. The combination of IT CMP-001 with systemic anti–PD-1 enhanced antitumor responses in both injected and noninjected tumors. IT CMP-001 alone or combined with anti–PD-1 augmented T cell infiltration in tumor-draining lymph nodes. We conclude IT CMP-001 induces a robust antitumor T cell response in an anti-Qβ Ab–dependent manner and results in systemic antitumor T cell effects that are enhanced by anti–PD-1 in a mouse model of B cell lymphoma. Early-phase clinical evaluation of CMP-001 and anti–PD-1 combination therapy in lymphoma will begin shortly, based in part on these results.
Systematic Evaluation of Chemically Distinct Tissue Optical Clearing Techniques in Murine Lymph Nodes
Authors: Matryba Paweł , Sosnowska Anna , Wolny Artur , Bozycki Lukasz , Greig Alan , Grzybowski Jakub , Stefaniuk Marzena , Nowis Dominika , Gołąb Jakub 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Activation of adaptive immunity is a complex process coordinated at multiple levels in both time and the three-dimensional context of reactive lymph nodes (LNs). Although microscopy-based visualization of its spatiotemporal dynamics unravels complexities of developing immune response, such approach is highly limited by light-obstructing nature of tissue components. Recently, tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques were established to bypass this obstacle and now allow to image and quantify the entire murine organs with cellular resolution. However, the spectrum of TOC is represented by wide variety of chemically distinct methods, each having certain advantages and disadvantages that were unsatisfactorily compared for suitability to LNs clearing. In this study, we have systematically tested 13 typical TOC techniques and assessed their impact on a number of critical factors such as LN transparency, imaging depth, change in size, compatibility with proteinaceous fluorophores, immunostaining, H&E staining, and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Based on the detailed data specific to TOC process of murine LNs, we provide a reliable reference for most suitable methods in an application-dependent manner.
The psychiatric casualty of war
Authors: Levin A. 
Published: January 2020

'n Oorsig van psigiatriese ongevolle ten tye van oorlog word gegee. Dis reeds in 1904 beskryf. Oorsake en die kliniese beeld (in twee fases) word omskryf. Daar word na die situasie in Israel, waar vyf oorloe in 25 jaar ondervind is, verwys. Onder behandeling word keuring van soldate, voorkoming, akute en chroniese toestande, asook terugkeer na die slagveld bespreek. Die skrywer raak ook die kwessie van burgerlike ongevalle en die invloed op die familie van soldate aan.
Pharmacognostical, DNA Barcoding, and Phytochemical Analysis on Leaves of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem
Authors: Acharya Rabinarayan , Jani Switu V , Rudrappa Harisha C , Shukla Vinay J 
Published: January 2020

Aim:

Hanshia dabar or hatkhan is one of the folklore plants of Odisha, which has been identified as Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. of the family Vitaceae. Traditionally, its leaves are claimed to be used in the treatment of cancer. Pharmacognostical evaluation of various parts of the plants has not been reported. The present study has been designed to carry out detailed macro- and microscopic, physiochemical, and phytochemical aspects of leaves of L. macrophylla.

Materials and methods:
The fresh leaves, collected from Gandhamardan hills, Odisha, during the month of September 2016 were examined for its pharmacognostical characters and physicochemical, qualitative analysis, and HPTLC studies were done following the standard protocols recommended by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Results:
Leaves are compound, unipinnate, leaflets two pairs, and one terminal with short petiolule. Transverse section of rachis resembles the anatomy of stem and that of petiolule is somewhat deeply lobed heart shaped, section passing through midrib resembles inverted bell shape with two wings, one anterior and other posterior both ending with tapering ends. Leaf powder is greenish in color and microscopy reveals the presence of paracytic stomata. The plant is identified as L. macrophylla based on sequence homology and phylogenic analysis. Loss on drying is 7.39 ± 1.26, and qualitative results show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, and HPTLC profile shows 6, 6, and 5 spots at short UV, long UV, and visible light, respectively.

Conclusion:

Leea macrophylla is a shrub with unipinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets possess 5-7 nerves arising from petiolule. Microscopic typical features of leaves belonging to genus Leea are the presence of raphides sacs, secretory cells, acicular crystals, and warty trichomes. The results obtained from the phytochemical study will be helpful in the determination of strength of purity and also for further standardization of the plant.
Establishment of Quality Parameters for Flowers of Karanja [Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre] through Powder Microscopy and Phytochemical Studies
Authors: Bolleddu Rajesh , Mangal Anupam K , Venkatesh Sama , Bhongiri Bhargav , Varanasi Subhose , Rao Meda M 
Published: January 2020

Background:

Karanja (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre), generally known as “Indian beech,” is a plant of high medicinal importance, possessing several beneficial effects such as antimicrobial, wound healing, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective, which is widely used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to establish the pharmacognostical and physicochemical standards for flowers of an ayurvedic plant, Karanja.

Materials and methods:
Pharmacognostical analysis was done by morphological, macroscopical, and powder microscopy. Physicochemical standards were established by ash values, extractive values, phytochemical screening, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods.

Results and conclusion:
Flower powder microscopy shows diagnostic characters like unicellular trichomes of different sizes and triangular-shaped pollen grains. Loss on drying value of flower powder was 9.7% w/w. Total ash values of drug were found to be 6.15% and acid insoluble ash 0.3% w/w with respect to air-dried crude drug. Water soluble and alcohol-soluble extractives were found to be 25.5 and 6.37% w/w, respectively. Phytochemical characterization of alcoholic extracts revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroids. Aqueous extract revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins. Various powder microscopical and phytochemical studies observed in this study can serve as a valuable tool for the authentication of Karanja flowers.
TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT AND TREATISES OF ANARCHY
Authors: Harris James 
Published: January 2020

I argue that one of John Locke's intentions in writing Two Treatises of Government was to turn the tables on Sir Robert Filmer and his followers when it came to the question of practical consequences of writing and publishing political philosophy. According to Locke, it was Filmer's thesis of natural subjection that had seditious ramifications. The doctrine of natural liberty and equality, by contrast, was no threat to the peace and order of a well-governed state. I show first that Locke is correct in his claim that in Patriarcha Filmer is, by his own admission and according to the logic of his own argument, a theorist of de factopolitical power. This meant, according to Locke, that Filmer has no account of the moral basis of allegiance. To that extent, Filmer has no case to make against the usurper. On other hand, I then argue, there is evidence in the Second Treatise that Locke was attuned to the worries that Filmer raises about the consequences of the thesis of natural liberty. Locke sought, in a number of ways, to contain the potentially destabilizing implications of his own conclusions. In conclusion I make a tentative suggestion as to how this concern with the practical consequences of flawed political theory might explain Locke's decision to publish both of the two Treatises in 1689.
Magic consumption: a study in the context of soccer fans
Authors: Quintão Ronan Torres , Pereira Verônica Fujise , Baêta Rafael Antônio Santana 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo do estudo: entender como o consumidor atribui significado mágico ao produto, revestindo-o de poderes mágicos. Metodologia/abordagem: foram realizadas 10 entrevistas fenomenológicas com torcedores de time de futebol. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados utilizando-se a abordagem hermenêutica. Originalidade/relevância: a magia está em todo lugar em um estado difuso, entretanto pouco ainda se sabe sobre como os consumidores revestem os produtos de poderes mágicos por meio de rituais de consumo. Principais resultados: como resultado, a pesquisa explica como o consumidor atribui poder mágico ao produto performando (1) ritual de escolha do produto, (2) ritual de revestimento do pensamento mágico, (3) ritual de uso do produto mágico. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: o trabalho contribui para os estudos sobre pensamento mágico, explicando como os consumidores empreendem esforços para imbuir os objetos de poderes mágicos, assim como papel desses objetos na vida dos consumidores que revestem de magia as suas experiências de consumo.
Experiences of a campaign to the reaffirmation of identity in a Federal University Unit Within a Brazilian State
Authors: Brand Fabrizio Silvane , Fabrizio Cleomar Marcos , Buriol Fernanda , Casaroto Damaris 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo visa apresentar as vivências oriundas de uma campanha identitária, A campanha surgiu do interesse em consolidar a imagem de uma universidade federal, presente na região por meio de um centro de educação superior, junto à comunidade interna e externa.Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo estudo de caso com os servidores e alunos da unidade, e ainda, com os habitantes do município em que a universidade se localiza. São apresentados aspectos históricos da implantação da unidade de ensino, a elaboração e os desdobramentos da campanha, os resultados alcançados até o presente momento.Originalidade/Relevância: Torna-se expressivo apresentar uma pesquisa com levantamento de dados sobre a cultura do nome designado a partir da implantação de uma nova unidade, criou-se o costume da comunidade reportar-se à unidade de educação superior, usando o nome do centro, isolando-se da referência à universidade federal a qual esse centro pertence.Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam que a campanha atingiu repercussão satisfatória no público interno da instituição, porém ainda há muito a ser trabalhado no quesito conscientização para os resultados pretendidos. Por outro lado, acredita-se que o público externo está se acostumando com a identidade da unidade, mas com o decorrer do tempo espera-se superar esse gap.Contribuições teóricas/metodológica: A contribuição do estudo para a área de Marketing está em fornecer informações sobre a consolidação da imagem de uma instituição, com o propósito de auxiliar na tomada de decisão dos gestores.
In or Out: Examining the Drivers of School Dropout among Basic School Pupils in the Wa Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Perprem Andrews , Yiridomoh Gordon Yenglier 
Published: January 2020

The study examined school dropout among pupils in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design to ascertain the pattern and the factors accounting for school dropout among pupils at the basic level. The study population consisted of all pupils in the basic schools within the municipality. Using a quantitative approach, 121 pupils were selected for the study using multi process sampling procedure. Questionnaires were used to generate the information from the pupils. Descriptive statistics (simple percentages and frequency tables) and logistics regression model was employed to determine the factors accounting for school dropout using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as the data analytical tool. The study discovered that the factors responsible for pupils’ school dropout were multi-facets to include environmental and non-environmental schools factors. The study also revealed that school dropout was very prevalent among girls, over aged pupils, pupils with single parent and pupils whose parents or caregivers are farmers or traders. The study recommends a comprehensive and integrated educational policy including parliamentary enactments for the education sector so as to improve and sustain enrolment and retention.
H‐Ras Transformation of Mammary Epithelial Cells Induces ERK‐Mediated Spreading on Low Stiffness Matrix
Authors: Plunkett Christopher , Kumar Aditya , Yrastorza Jaime , Hou Yang‐Hsun , Placone Jesse K. , Grennan Gillian , Engler Adam J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOncogenic transformation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is a critical step in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), but evidence also shows that MECs undergo EMT with increasing matrix stiffness; the interplay of genetic and environmental effects on EMT is not clear. To understand their combinatorial effects on EMT, premalignant MCF10A and isogenic Ras‐transformed MCF10AT are cultured on polyacrylamide gels ranging from normal mammary stiffness, ≈150 Pa, to tumor stiffness, ≈5700 Pa. Though cells spread on stiff hydrogels independent of transformation, only 10AT cells exhibit heterogeneous spreading behavior on soft hydrogels. Within this mixed population, spread cells exhibit an elongated, mesenchymal‐like morphology, disrupted localization of the basement membrane, and nuclear localization of the EMT transcription factor TWIST1. MCF10AT spreading is not driven by typical mechanosensitive pathways including YAP and TGF‐β or by myosin contraction. Rather, ERK activation induces spreading of MCF10AT cells on soft hydrogels and requires dynamic microtubules. These findings indicate the importance of oncogenic signals, and their hierarchy with substrate mechanics, in regulating MEC EMT.
Extracellular Photovoltage Clamp Using Conducting Polymer‐Modified Organic Photocapacitors
Authors: Silverå Ejneby Malin , Migliaccio Ludovico , Gicevičius Mindaugas , Đerek Vedran , Jakešová Marie , Elinder Fredrik , Głowacki Eric Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptoelectronic control of physiological processes accounts for new possibilities ranging from fundamental research to treatment of disease. Among nongenetic light‐driven approaches, organic semiconductor‐based device platforms such as the organic electrolytic photocapacitor (OEPC) offer the possibility of localized and wireless stimulation with a minimal mechanical footprint. Optimization of efficiency hinges on increasing effective capacitive charge delivery. Herein, a simple strategy to significantly enhance the photostimulation performance of OEPC devices by employing coatings of the conducting polymer formulation poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), or PEDOT:PSS is reported. This modification increases the charge density of the stimulating photoelectrodes by a factor of 2–3 and simultaneously decreases the interfacial impedance. The electrophysiological effects of PEDOT:PSS‐derivatized OEPCs on Xenopus laevis oocyte cells on membrane potential are measured and voltage‐clamp techniques are used, finding an at‐least twofold increase in capacitive coupling. The large electrolytic capacitance of PEDOT:PSS allows the OEPC to locally alter the extracellular voltage and keep it constant for long periods of time, effectively enabling a unique type of light‐controlled membrane depolarization for measurements of ion channel opening. The finding that PEDOT:PSS‐coated OEPCs can remain stable after a 50‐day accelerated ageing test demonstrates that PEDOT:PSS modification can be applied for fabricating reliable and efficient optoelectronic stimulation devices.
UV‐Sensitive Wearable Devices for Colorimetric Monitoring of UV Exposure
Authors: Kurz Wolfgang , Yetisen Ali K. , Kaito Mihai Valer , Fuchter Matthew J. , Jakobi Martin , Elsner Martin , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe extensive exposure of the human epidermis to solar radiation creates a health risk that results in skin cancer. Commercial sunscreens offer sufficient protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation; however, the ability to determine UV exposure limits can provide informed decisions about the dose of sunscreen required and the frequency of re‐application. Here, a wide range of wearable devices that colorimetrically report on UV exposure are developed. Under UV radiation, UV‐sensitive dyes change their color from 280 to 400 nm in the visible spectrum. By correlating the current color value and the UV dose, the amount of sun exposure is determined with an accuracy of 95%. A smartphone camera algorithm is coded to automatically perform the color analysis of these dyes. The UV‐sensitive dyes are incorporated in wearable devices, skin patches, textiles, contact lenses, and tattoo inks. The developed wearable devices will ensure monitoring UV radiation to rationally manage the user's behavior in order to prevent harmful sun exposure.
In Situ Tin(II) Complex Antisolvent Process Featuring Simultaneous Quasi‐Core–Shell Structure and Heterojunction for Improving Efficiency and Stability of Low‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Can , Ma Ruiman , He Xinjun , Yang Tingbin , Zhou Ziming , Yang Shuo , Liang Yongye , Sun Xiao Wei , Wang Jiannong , Yan Yanfa , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnlike Pb‐based perovskites, it is still a challenge for realizing the targets of high performance and stability in mixed Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells owing to grain boundary traps and chemical changes in the perovskites. In this work, proposed is the approach of in‐situ tin(II) inorganic complex antisolvent process for specifically tuning the perovskite nucleation and crystal growth process. Interestingly, uniquely formed is the quasi‐core–shell structure of Pb–Sn perovskite–tin(II) complex as well as heterojunction perovskite structure at the same time for achieving the targets. The core–shell structure of Pb–Sn perovskite crystals covered by a tin(II) complex at the grain boundaries effectively passivates the trap states and suppresses the nonradiative recombination, leading to longer carrier lifetime. Equally important, the perovskite heterostructure is intentionally formed at the perovskite top region for enhancing the carrier extraction. As a result, the mixed Pb–Sn low‐bandgap perovskite device achieves a high power conversion efficiency up to 19.03% with fill factor over 0.8, which is among the highest fill factor in high‐performance Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells. Remarkably, the device fail time under continuous light illumination is extended by over 18.5‐folds from 30 to 560 h, benefitting from the protection of the quasi‐core–shell structure.