bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifelong learning mindset and career success: evidence from the field of accounting and finance
Authors: Drewery David W. , Sproule Robert , Pretti T. Judene 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between a lifelong learning mindset and career success. A lifelong learning mindset is a way of approaching one's work with curiosity, strategic thinking, and resilience. Career success refers to objective (e.g., number of promotions) and subjective (e.g., job satisfaction) indicators of progress and fulfillment in one's work.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies are presented. Both studies draw from an accounting and finance program at a Canadian university. In study 1, data were collected from students (n = 62) and their supervisors at the end of a four-month co-operative education (co-op) work term. In study 2, data were collected from graduates (n = 148).FindingsResults suggest that developing a lifelong learning mindset enhances both objective and subjective career success. Participants' lifelong learning mindset was associated with objective career success in both studies (supervisor-rated performance in study 1 and number of promotions in study 2). Lifelong learning mindset was associated with subjective career success in study 2 (job satisfaction, work engagement, and job-related self-efficacy) but not in study 1 (experience satisfaction).Originality/valueThis article presents the first empirical examination of the relationship between a lifelong learning mindset and career success. Insights from the article highlight the fact that educators and workplace managers might work together to promote a lifelong learning mindset for current and future workers.
Contemporary global challenges and ethical mindsets
Authors: Issa Theodora , Issa Tomayess B.T. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a framework that might be used to tackle the multifaceted challenges facing humanity, which are increasing in seriousness and complexity. The Millennium Project had identified such challenges, and over time periods until and including 2050, which pose the question, how would societies cope with these challenges averting any disastrous results? contemplating the suggested ethical principles, and the three central beliefs of “end-based”, “rule-based” and “care-based”. In some cases, individuals might not be blamed to think that “it is only a miracle” that might save humanity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper, through the use of literature review, intends to provide an insight into these challenges, the suggested ethical principles and the three central beliefs, providing brief overview of the concept “miracle” leading to discussion on ethical mindsets, its components and their dimensions.FindingsConcluding with framework for the way forward tackling these challenges.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this paper might lie in the fact that it is only a conceptual paper, but it calls on researchers to conduct further research using the suggested framework.Originality/valueThis might seem to be forward thinking, but it is a call for researchers to conduct more research in this area, and for governments to fund such research, to allow for the establishment of a method to refine the mindsets of individuals around the world to change into “ethical”, and thus, the world becomes better equipped to face and reduce the challenges and threats that are being faced by the world.
Classical biological control and apparent competition: Evaluating a waterhyacinth invaded community module
Authors: Tipping Philip W. , Smith Melissa C. , Lake Ellen C. , Minteer Carey R. , Goode Ashley B. C. , Foley Jeremiah R. , Gettys Lyn A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The scope and complexity of interactions within community food webs necessitates their simplification to a community module scale for conducting empirical studies. An outdoor mesocosm study in the USA quantified the strengths of direct and indirect interactions between two herbivore congeners that fed on two aquatic plant species while sharing a parasitoid.

Kalopolynema ema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a stenophagous native egg parasitoid that attacks the hemipteran species in this study, Megamelus davisi (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a native herbivore that feeds on the native aquatic species Nuphar advena, and the introduced biological control agent Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) that feeds on the non‐native aquatic species waterhyacinth, Pontederia crassipes.

The presence of M. scutellaris did not significantly increase parasitism of M. davisi indicating that apparent competition was not a factor in this community module. There was no evidence of any trophic cascades caused by these interactions based on the relative growth rates of biomass and leaf area for both plant species.

Synthesis and applications. The relative strengths of community interactions varied with herbivore densities suggesting that should negative indirect effects with biological control agents occur they would likely be transient and closely linked to population dynamics as influenced by abiotic factors like temperature. Despite identifying potential negative interactions using path analysis, we saw no apparent competition following the insertion of a weed biological control agent into a community that contains an ecological analog. In this example, the primary negative interaction was biotic resistance to Megamelus scutellaris from attack by Kalopolynema ema. Adopting weed management tactics that emphasize efficacy, sustainability and environmental benevolence argue for the use of classical biological control when appropriate.
Impact of pathogenic fungi, herbivores and predators on secondary succession of tropical rainforest vegetation
Authors: Szefer Piotr , Molem Kenneth , Sau Austin , Novotny Vojtech 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

There is growing evidence that top–down biotic factors play an important role in plant community dynamics and are able to maintain the high plant diversity of primary tropical forests. However, the top–down impact by herbivores on the accumulation of plant biomass, richness and the community assembly process remains poorly known for the initial stages of secondary ecological succession.

Here we test the top–down effects of natural enemies on the biomass, richness, diversity, community composition, trait dynamics and randomness during the assembly process on an early successional community in a lowland tropical forest in Papua New Guinea. We initiated secondary succession on 36 vegetation plots (5 × 5 m) organized in six blocks. After 1 year we evaluated successional community characteristics in each block containing a control plot and five treatment plots: experimentally excluding (a) insects by insecticides, (b) fungal pathogens by fungicides, (c) vertebrate predators and ants with exclosures and traps and experimentally adding (d) low and (e) high levels of a generalist herbivore species.

Insects were responsible for increased plant diversity, shifts in plant community composition and a decrease in community weighted mean of leaf dry matter content. The lack of herbivores resulted in a diversifying effect but did not affect plant biomass and stem density. No other treatment had a significant effect on plant diversity during succession. The highest level of artificially increased herbivore density reduced plant biomass, while the fungicide treatment decreased stem density of woody plants. Using a null model approach, we showed that the removal of insects and their vertebrate predators increased randomness during the community assembly processes for woody plants, whilst the same effect was not found for the removal of fungi or elevated herbivore abundances.

Synthesis. Early rainforest succession was not entirely plant driven. During the early succession of lowland tropical forest, insect herbivores enhanced plant diversity and caused shifts in community structure by promoting species with acquisitive leaf traits. As expected, the early successional communities were highly variable, but insects and vertebrate predators reduced randomness during the assembly process. Insect and vertebrate communities can thus impact the regeneration dynamics of tropical forests. In contrast, fungal pathogens were less important in maintaining high diversity of successional communities in our system.
Governing a Liminal Land Deal: The Biopolitics and Necropolitics of Gender
Authors: Chung Youjin B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a surge in large‐scale land acquisitions around the world. Yet, increasing evidence suggests that many of the prominent land deals signed during the global land rush are struggling to materialise. This emergent pattern of liminality has important implications for understanding the everyday, contingent, and gendered processes of land deal governance and subject formation. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article examines the gendered governance of a “liminal” land deal in coastal Tanzania, through a case of the EcoEnergy Sugar Project. It shows how the project's prolonged delay has given rise, over time, to two contradistinctive sets of actors and mechanisms of control: biopolitical interventions of international development consultants focused on livelihood improvements, and necropolitical interventions of district paramilitary forces focused on surveillance and violence. While seemingly contradictory, I argue that both enactments of power fundamentally relied on and reproduced normative gender in rural Tanzania.
Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: co‐targetting the plasma cell clone and amyloid deposits
Authors: Popkova Tereza , Hajek Roman , Jelinek Tomas 
Published: February 2020

SummaryImmunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is a rare disease in which a small plasma cell clone produces toxic misfolded proteins that deposit in organs and impair their function. Currently, the only available treatment approach is the elimination of clonal plasma cells. However, a rapid strike that halts and possibly reverses organ damage is crucial. The development of agents that facilitate the clearance of pathological fibrillar deposits, therefore reducing the frailty of patients, is the needed supplement to plasma cell‐directed therapy. Monoclonal antibodies provide therapy against malignant plasma cells (daratumumab, isatuximab, elotuzumab) but they are also able to target and eliminate the amyloid from organs (NEOD001, CAEL‐101, dezamizumab). From the plasma cell‐directed group, daratumumab in monotherapy has proved to be extremely efficient in relapsed AL amyloidosis, exceeding its results in multiple myeloma. Compared to other agents, monoclonal antibodies possess the advantage of high selectivity and low toxicity and could potentially become future game‐changers in this field. Co‐targetting of the plasma cell clone and amyloid deposits shall together be translated in the revolutionary improved outcome of potentially curable AL amyloidosis.
Development of the living donation and kidney transplantation information made easy (KidneyTIME) educational animations
Authors: Kayler Liise K. , Dolph Beth , Seibert Rachel , Keller Maria , Cadzow Renee , Feeley Thomas H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent web‐based educational approaches about living kidney donation (LKD) are complex, lengthy, and/or text‐laden, which may impair accurate interpretation of information, thereby limiting kidney transplant access.PurposeThis paper describes the process of developing animation‐based LKD education designed to be suitable for and acceptable to kidney transplant candidates and their support networks.MethodsBased on formative work, early animation prototypes were designed by a transplant surgeon and a health communication expert. In qualitative focus groups and individual interviews, animation prototypes were shown to 46 kidney transplant recipients, 28 kidney transplant candidates, 32 previous or potential kidney donors, 10 caregivers, 32 transplant providers, 24 dialysis providers, and 4 cultural and community advisors for their input regarding animation suitability, acceptability, and potential usability/feasibility. Viewer feedback was used to iteratively refine the animations. Animation design to facilitate adult learning was guided by elaboration theory, Bandura's self‐efficacy theory, and Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia learning.ResultsKidneyTIME currently consists of 12 animations about LKD process, benefits, and risks.ConclusionsPatients/friends/family members, experts, and stakeholders provided valuable feedback to the research team that was integrated into the development of KidneyTIME with the goal of enhancing suitability, acceptability, engagement, usability, and feasibility of dissemination.
Liver transplant waitlist outcomes in alcoholic hepatitis compared with other liver diseases: An analysis of UNOS registry
Authors: Kitajima Toshihiro , Moonka Dilip , Yeddula Siri , Rizzari Michael , Collins Kelly , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan S. , Nagai Shunji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in performing liver transplantation (LT) in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) without a mandated abstinence period. The aim of this study is to investigate waitlist outcomes in AH patients compared to those with other liver diseases. Using data from the UNOS registry, adult patients listed for LT between 2009 and 2018 were evaluated. Waitlist outcomes were compared among liver diseases. A total of 64 646 patients were eligible, including 286 with AH, 16 871 with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC), 13 730 with hepatitis C (HCV), 10 315 with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 5841 with cholestatic liver disease (CLD). In comparison with AH patients, patients with HCV, NASH, and CLD had a significantly higher risk of waitlist mortality and a lower likelihood of recovery on the waitlist. These trends were more prominent in the waiting‐time period of 91‐365 days than in shorter periods. In intention‐to‐treat analysis, positive prognostic effect of LT was significant in AH patients with MELD score ≥35 (HR 0.04, P < .001). AH patients showed lower mortality risk and a higher chance of recovery while on waitlist than other liver diseases, especially when waiting time exceeded 90 days. These results indicate the importance of continuous evaluation of disease progression in AH patients awaiting LT.
The clinical characteristics, pre‐ and post–liver transplantation outcomes in patients having autoimmune overlap syndromes
Authors: Chayanupatkul Maneerat , Fiel Maria Isabel , Schiano Thomas D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are little data on the pre‐ and post–liver transplantation (LT) outcomes of patients having autoimmune hepatitis‐primary biliary cholangitis (AIH‐PBC), AIH‐primary sclerosing cholangitis (AIH‐PSC), and AIH‐small‐duct PSC (AIH‐SDPSC). The aim of this study was to analyze pre‐ and post‐LT outcomes and survival of patients having different overlap syndromes (OS) undergoing LT.MethodsPatients with compatible clinical and pathologic features of AIH‐PBC (n = 86), AIH‐PSC (n = 22), and AIH‐SDPSC (n = 9) were included in the study. Demographic, laboratory, clinical, and survival data were analyzed. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine factors predicting transplant‐free survival.ResultsAIH‐primary sclerosing cholangitis patients were less treatment‐responsive and were more likely to undergo LT than other OS. No survival difference was noted among the 3 groups. Liver decompensation was independently associated with higher mortality (HR 21.78; 95% CI 2.50‐190.01). Thirteen patients with OS underwent LT. One‐year survival post‐LT was 91.7%. Overall recurrence rate for OS post‐LT was 8%.ConclusionsAIH‐primary sclerosing cholangitis patients were more likely to require LT compared with patients having AIH‐PBC. Transplant‐free survival was similar among the three AIH‐overlap syndromes. Allograft recurrence of OS occurred in about 10% of cases. Patients with OS appear to have good short‐ and medium‐term post‐LT outcomes in terms of graft function and overall survival.
The foreign aid–foreign direct investment relationship in Africa: The mediating role of institutional quality and financial development
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Adewale 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe interaction of foreign aid and foreign direct investment is an important issue for developing countries in Africa. I probe into the mediating role of institutional quality and financial development using a panel data set of 47 countries over the period 1996–2016. I find that the effectiveness of foreign aid in attracting foreign direct investment is greater in countries with better institutional quality and sound financial development. The implications for policy are outlined.
Mixed‐methods analysis of videoed expert‐student dialogue supporting clinical competence assessments
Authors: Botelho Michael , Gao Xiaoli , Bhuyan Sangeeta Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis mixed methods study evaluates the use and perceptions of a novel video genre of authentic, in‐the‐moment expert‐student dialogue to support student preparation for a summative clinical competence assessment.MethodsExpert‐student dialogue videos were available on the university learning management system (Moodle) for self‐directed access for a fixed prosthodontics course. These comprised 3 categories of video relating to dialogic episodes of previous student's performance relating to a clinical competence assessment. These were as follows: case suitability, case discussion and self‐evaluation. Fourteen students who were taking the competence test and had watched the supporting videos were invited for focus group interviews. Twelve students participated in three focus groups within 24 hours of the assessment and the audio recordings were analysed. A thematic analysis was performed using an inductive approach. Video access data were also retrieved and analysed based on when the videos were watched.ResultsThree key themes were identified: assessment preparation, enhanced learning and affordance phenomena. By accessing the videos, students gained insights into the case suitability, assessment process and criteria, and the examiners’ expectations. They reported reduced uncertainty and stress, improved confidence and better preparedness for the assessment. Students also reported this video genre stimulated higher‐order thinking and provided a broader clinical experience. A diverse array of viewing patterns was observed immediately before the assessment and across the year. For the focus group of students, they watched 65% of all their videos for the prosthodontics course one week before their competency testing periods.ConclusionThe expert‐student dialogue videos that captured peers clinical competence tests improved students’ assessment literacy, increased their assessment preparedness, reduced stress and enriched their learning.
Design of highly effective multilayer feedforward neural network by using genetic algorithm
Authors: Üstün Oğuz , Bekiroğlu Erdal , Önder Mithat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a highly effective and precise neural network method for choosing the activation functions (AFs) and tuning the learning parameters (LPs) of a multilayer feedforward neural network by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of the neural network mainly depends on the learning algorithms and the network structure. The backpropagation learning algorithm is used for tuning the network connection weights, and the LPs are obtained by the GA to provide both fast and reliable learning. Also, the AFs of each neuron in the network are automatically chosen by a GA. The present study consists of 10 different functions to accomplish a better convergence of the desired input–output mapping. Test studies are performed to solve a set of two‐dimensional regression problems for the proposed genetic‐based neural network (GNN) and conventional neural network having sigmoid AFs and constant learning parameters. The proposed GNN has also been tested by applying it to three real problems in the fields of environment, medicine, and economics. Obtained results prove that the proposed GNN is more effective and reliable when compared with the classical neural network structure.
Use of disposable negative pressure wound therapy on split‐thickness skin graft recipient sites for peripheral arterial disease foot wounds: A case report
Authors: Leong SzeWai , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSplit‐thickness skin graft (STSG) helps to promote healing of wounds by providing a viable soft tissue cover. However, the success of which is influenced by how well it takes to the recipient site. Studies have demonstrated that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an excellent modality to promote graft survival. Technological advancements have made possible the invention of disposable, ultraportable, and mechanically operated versions for improved user experience. Alas, little has been discussed about their benefits on STSG. Therefore, the purpose of this case report is to highlight the effective use of disposable NPWT on freshly applied STSG. We report here a novel use of the disposable NPWT (SNAP therapy system) for STSG recipient sites in two patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) foot wounds. In both patients, there was 100% STSG uptake, and the lightweight disposable NPWT system makes for a more cost‐effective and comfortable experience for patients. Disposable NPWT may be a feasible alternative to conventional NPWT to aid with STSG uptake for PAD foot wound recipient sites.
The risk of intracranial infection in adults with hydrocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yun‐Na , Zhang Jing , Gu Zheng , Song Ying‐Lun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfection remains the most significant complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate intracranial infections complicating VPS surgery in adults with hydrocephalus. Patients who underwent VPS surgery for hydrocephalus between 2000 and 2016 were included. Clinical data and follow‐up evaluations were examined and analysed retrospectively. A total of 502 patients with hydrocephalus who underwent VPS surgery were included. They were followed up for at least 2 years. Twelve patients with incomplete data were excluded. Four hundred and ninety patients were included in the final analysis. Twenty‐five cases of intracranial infection occurred, accounting for 5.1% of patients with VPS surgery. The mean age of the patients was 57.1 ± 10.1 years (range, 39–72 years). The incidence of intracranial infection in patients over 60 years of age was higher than that in patients under 60 years of age (P = .007). Age (P = .007), diabetes (P = .026), skin infection (P = .028), bed‐ridden (P = .007), and modified operation (P = .011) were highly correlated with the incidence of intracranial infection. The findings of this retrospective study show that age, diabetes, skin infection, bed‐ridden, and modified operation of hydrocephalus significantly and independently correlated with the incidence of infection. Prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between the incidence of infection and risk factors in patients with hydrocephalus after VPS.