bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Sending Axons in Dorsal Roots
Authors: Osuna-Carrasco Laura Paulina , Duenas-Jimenez Sergio Horacio , Toro-Castillo Carmen , Torre Braniff De la , Aguilar-Garcia Irene , Alpirez Jonatan , Castillo Luis , Jimenez Judith Marcela Duenas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinal cord interneurons send their axons in the dorsal root. Their antidromic fire could modulate peripheral receptors. Thus, it could control pain, other sensorial modality, or muscle spindle activity. In this study, we assessed a staining technique to analyze whether interneurons send axons in the neonate mouse’s dorsal roots. We conducted experiments in 10 Swiss-Webster mice, which ranged in age from 2 to 13 postnatal days. We dissected the spinal cord and studied it in vitro. Results: We observed interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn sending axons through dorsal roots. A mix of fluorochromes applied in dorsal roots marked these interneurons. They have a different morphology than motoneurons. Primary afferent depolarization in afferent terminals produces antidromic action potentials (dorsal root reflex; DRR). These reflexes appeared by stimulation of adjacent dorsal roots. We found that in the presence of bicuculline, DRR recorded in the L4 dorsal root evoked by L5 dorsal root stimulation was reduced. Simultaneously, the monosynaptic reflex (MR) in the L5 ventral root was not affected; nevertheless, a long-lasting after discharge appeared. The addition of 2-amino-5 phosphonovalric acid (AP5), an antagonist of NMDA receptors, abolished the MR without changing the after discharge. Action potentials persisted in dorsal roots even in low Ca2+ concentration. Conclusions: Thus, firing interneurons could send their axons by dorsal roots. Antidromic potentials may be characteristics of the neonatal mouse, probably disappearing in adulthood.
ROR1 sustains multivesicular endosomes by interacting with HRS and STAM1
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Yamamoto Masatoshi , Yamazaki Masaya , Tani Naoki , Sakamoto Mai , Daikuzono Hina , Li Hao , Oneyama Chitose , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) regulates caveolae formation and caveolae-dependent endocytosis by interacting with caveolae components, which in turn sustains pro-survival signaling toward AKT from multiple RTKs, including EGFR, and MET. We report here a novel function of ROR1 as a scaffold for HRS and STAM1, two essential components of ESCRT-0. The present results show that ROR1 facilitates interactions of HRS and STAM1, thereby preventing the lysosomal degradation of HRS. Furthermore, interaction of ROR1 with STAM1 was found to be required to sustain binding of ROR1 to HRS as well as HRS subcellular localization. Additionally, ROR1 localized in both the limiting membrane and intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of Rab5-induced multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) containing HRS, CD63, and EEA1 was found to regulate the formation of Rab5-induced MVEs by an association with the GTP-bound form of Rab5 in cancer cells. Notably, ROR1 depletion inhibits CD63-positive MVEs formation and reduces exosomes release. Our findings provide the first evidence that the onco-embryonic antigen receptor ROR1 regulates exosome biogenesis via MVE formation in cancer cells.
Single cell RNA sequencing of infantile hemangioma reveals cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Yu Zhang , Chen Xuanfeng , Cai Ren , Chen Qianyi , Chang Lei , Qiu Yajing , Chen Zongan , Ying Hanru , Hua Cheng , Gao Wei , Chen Hui , Jin Yunbo , Ma Gang , Pan Weijun , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Assessment of the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Living and Cadaver Donor Recipients Within 12 Months of Kidney Transplant
Authors: Saffari Hossein , Tavakoli Hamid , Soleimani Mohammad Javad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Among patients with urologic disease, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have the highest mortality rate. The choice of treatment for patients with ESRD is transplantation. The primary objective of this study was to assess the trend of renal function test in cadaver and living donor groups within a year after the surgery. Method: We included ESRD patients who were admitted to our hospital’s clinic from 2001 to 2014. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the outcome of interest. Results: A total of 381 individuals were included in this study, of whom 246 (64.6%) were males. the mean age was 40.8 years (SD=13.2). In this study, 291 (76.4%) patients received a transplant from a live donor. In the cadaver group, the GFR decreased by 3.8 mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.0) per six months, while in the living donor group, it decreased by 1.4 mL/min (95% CI, 0.3–2.5). These trends were not significantly different. The GFR of the living donor group was 0.4 mL/min (95% CI, -1.6-2.3, p=0.72) higher than that of the cadaver donor group per six months, which was not significantly different. The rejection rate was lower in the live donor group (odds ratio=0.54 [95% CI, -0.39-0.74], p<0.001). The rejection rate decreased over the study period by 71% every six months, and this decrease did not significantly differ between the study groups. Conclusions: Although the total GFR in the live donor group was higher, given the higher GFR at the time of surgery in the live donor group, the decrease rate in GFR seemed identical in the study groups.
The impact of human and livestock respiration on CO2 emissions from 14 global cities
Authors: Cai Qixiang , Zeng Ning , Zhao Fang , Han Pengfei , Liu Di , Lin Xiaohui , Chen Jingwen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe CO2 released by humans and livestock through digestion and decomposition is an important part of the urban carbon cycle. But this part is reraly condidarded in the stuties of city carbon budget since its annual magnitude is lower than that of fossil fuel emissions within the boundaries of cities. However, human and livestock respiration may be substantial compared to fossil fuel emissions in areas with high population density such as Manhattan or Beijing. High-resolution datasets of CO2 release from respiration also have rarely been reported on a global scale or in cities globally. Here, we estimate the CO2 released by human and livestock respiration at global and large city scales and then compare it with the carbon emissions inventory from fossil fuels in 14 cities worldwide.ResultsThe results show that the total human and livestock respiration is up to 38.1% of fossil fuel emissions for Delhi among the studied cities. The proportion could be larger than 10% in cities of Sao Paulo, Cape Town and Tokyo. In other cities, it is raletivily small with a proportion around 5%, while Washington DC has the least proportion in 2.8%. In addition, almost 90% of respiratory carbon comes from urban areas in most cities, while up to one-third comes from suburban areas in Beijing on account of the siginificant livestock production.ConclusionThe results suggest that the respiration of humans and livestock represents a significant CO2 source in some cities and is nonnegligible for city carbon budget analysis and carbon monitoring.
Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an adaptation of the INFORMAS protocol.
Authors: Giacobone Gabriel , Tiscornia Maria Victoria , Guarnieri Leila , Castronuovo Luciana , Mackay Sally , Allemandi Lorena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented an adaptation of the "optimal approach" proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet.Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.
Oral Cancer patient’s profile and time to treatment initiation in the specialized cancer health care delivery in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Authors: Conceição Manoela Garcia Dias , Luiza Vera Lucia , Figueiró Ana Claudia , Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This paper aims to describe the profile of oral cancer (OC) patients, their risk classification and identify the time between screening and treatment initiation in Rio de Janeiro Municipality.Method: Data were obtained from the healthcare Regulation System (SISREG) regarding the period January 2013 to September 2015. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed identifying the factors associates with a diagnosis of OC as well as the time to treatment initiation (TTI) differences between groups.Results: From 3,862 individuals with a potential OC lesion, 6.9% had OC diagnosis. OC patients were 62.3 y.o. (mean), 64.7% male%, 36.1% were white and 62.5% of the records received a red/yellow estimated risk classification. Being older, male, white and receiving a high-risk classification was associated with having an OC diagnosis. OC TTI was in average 59.1 days and median of 50 days significantly higher than non-OC individuals (p=0.007). TTI was higher for individuals older than 60 years old, male, and white individuals and for risk classification red and yellow, nevertheless while in average none of these differences were statistically significant, the median of individuals classified as low risk was significantly (p=0.044) lower than those with high risk.Conclusions: Time to treatment initiation (TTI) was higher for OC patients related to non OC. Despite OC confirmed was associated with risk at screening classified as urgent or emergent, a high percentage of OC patients had their risk classified for elective care when specialized care was requested.
Gut microbiota and metabolites of α-synuclein transgenic monkey models with early stage of Parkinson'sdisease
Authors: si wei , yan yaping , ren shuchao , duan yanchao , lu chenyu , wang zhengbo , Inglis Briauna , ji Weizhi , zheng yun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease（PD）is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Gut microbes are susceptible to various external factors (such as living environment, diet, antibiotic use), our research avoids these interferences very well. Gut microbiota affect the physiological processes of the host by regulating metabolites. However, it is unclear whether microbiota and metabolites have demonstrated changes at early stages of PD due to the difficulty to diagnose and identify early stage PD in clinical practice.Methods: In a previous study, we constructed A53T transgenic monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms. Here we analyzed the gut microbiota by metagenomic sequencing and metabolites by untargeted chromatography, which represent the first effort to identify the association between intestinal microbiota, metabolites and early stage of PD.Results: Compared with control monkeys, the gut microbiota of A53T monkeys is more diverse. Sybergistetes and Eggerthella lenta were significantly elevated in A53T monkeys. In monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms, Glyceric acid, L-Aspartic acid and p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly elevated, but Myristic acid and 3-Methylindole was significantly decreased. ABC transporters are associated with two decreased metabolites. Metabolic pathways are associated with three elevated metabolites. We found KO0131 and KO2147 from metabolic pathways are related to Glycolysis.Conclusion: We identified differential gut microbiota coincides with the microbiota of the currently reported PD patients to some extent. We found these differential metabolites and KOs suggest that A53T monkeys may have Glycolysis problem, and Glycolysis problem may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results may be a sign of early Parkinson's screening and diagnosis.
An Early Screening Tool for Discharge Planning Shortened Length of Hospital Stay for Elderly Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Hao , Hara Yu , Horita Nobuyuki , Saigusa Yusuke , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common diseases in elderly persons and usually results in a prolonged hospital stay. Discharge planning plays an important role in reducing the length of hospitalization. This study was designed to determine whether early screening for risk factors for delayed discharge could improve the quality of discharge planning.Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in two medical facilities from January 2016 to December 2018. Hospital A used a screening tool on admission (screening group): screening for risk factors for delayed discharge and initiating discharge planning immediately for those for whom it was applicable, and discharge planning in the stable phase for those for whom it was not applicable; and Hospital B initiated discharge planning without screening (usual group). Propensity score-matched pneumonia patients in the two groups were then compared. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay.Results: A total of 648 patients were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, sex, aspiration, comorbidity, pneumonia severity index, and key person, 118 pairs underwent analysis. Length of stay was significantly different (20 days vs 13 days, p<0.001) between the groups. There were no differences in duration of antibiotic treatment, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmission (9 days vs 9 days, p=0.744; 10 (8.5%) vs 10 (8.5%), p=1.000; 10 (8.5%) vs 9 (7.6%), p=0.811, respectively).Conclusions: Early screening for delayed discharge improved the quality of discharge planning by reducing the length of stay in pneumonia patients.
Depression mediates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing of the elderly
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Ping , Torres Joseph , Huang Hong Li , Yang Guo Jian , Wang Lu , Qu Xi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: With evidence of a rapidly aging population globally, there is need to continuously address the wellbeing of this vulnerable age group. The concern of the subjective wellbeing of the elderly is essential for constructing a healthy and positive aging society. To promote the elderly’s subjective wellbeing, the role of character strengths and depression on subjective wellbeing for older adults needs to be explored. Methods: A large sample of 8839 elders from the 2017-2018 survey of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. The Chinese version of the character strengths scale, the 10-item CES-D scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale) were applied to assess the elderly‘s character strengths and depression respectively. Self-reported quality of life (SelfQoL) and health (Selfhealth) were used to evaluate the subjective wellbeing in participants. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS version 23.0 were adopted to analyze the data.Results: The average age of participants was 81.27 years. Among these elderly participants, a greater character strengths levels were more evidenced and pronounced among those with a younger age, longer years of education, higher household income, greater social security and social insurance, less depression, higher SelfQoL and Selfhealth levels. Depression had a partial mediation effect of character strengths on self-reported subjective wellbeing, which explained a 36% in total variance (R2=0.36). In addition, character strengths had a statistically significant positive and direct effect on subjective wellbeing (β= 0.290, P<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect effect of character strengths to subjective wellbeing was: β=(-0.603)*(-0.378)=0.228. Conclusion: Depression is an unignored mediator that regulates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing in the elderly. Character strengths and depression may be the new intervention targets to promote and enhance the elderly's subjective wellbeing. Future tailored intervention should focus on relieving the elderly's depression and promoting the development of their character strengths.
Association of Higher Arterial Ketone Body Ratio (acetoacetate/β -hydroxybutyrate) with Relevant Nutritional Marker in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Inaba Masaaki , Kumeda Yasuroh , Yamada Shinsuke , Toi Norikazu , Hamai Chie , Noguchi Koichi , Yasuda Eikichi , Furumitsu Yutaka , Emoto Masanori , Ohno Yoshiteru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An association of higher levels of b-hydroxybutyrate (b-HB) in serum with greater mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients has been reported. This study examined the significance of arterial ketone body ratio (AcAc/b-HB), a relevant marker of energy state, in HD patients.Methods: The levels of arterial AcAc and b-HB, and AcAc/b-HB ratio were determined in 49 HD patients just before undergoing an HD session. Additionally, their changes during the session were examined to investigate their associations with clinical nutritional markers.Results: Arterial b-HB, but not AcAc, was significantly higher at the baseline in 25 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared to 24 non-DM patients, with a significant reduction in arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio seen in those with DM. Although the arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio before the HD session was significantly higher in the non-DM group, it did not differ significantly after the session between the groups, indicating a faster rate of b-HB disappearance from circulation in non-DM HD patients during the interdialytic period. Multiple regression analysis, which included age, gender, presence/absence of DM, log HD duration, log b-HB, and log AcAc/b-HB ratio as independent variables, revealed an independent and significant association of log AcAc/ b-HB ratio, but not log b-HB, with serum albumin and uric acid. Conclusion: We found that a decreased AcAc/b-HB ratio resulting from increased b-HB, but not increased b-HB itself, was significant factor independently associated with decreased serum albumin and uric acid, which are both known as risks for higher mortality in HD patients. Furthermore, it is possible that higher mortality in DM HD patients might be explained by their lower arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio.
Effects of Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate on Stock Market Returns Volatility in India.
Authors: Sre Nenavath , Naik Suresh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper investigates the effect of exchange and inflation rate on stock market returns in India. The study uses monthly, quarterly and annual inflation and exchange rate data obtained from the RBI and market returns computed from the Indian share market index from January, 2000 to June, 2020.The paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration technique and the error correction parametization of the ARDL model for investigating the effect on Indian Stock markets. The GARCH and its corresponding Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to explore the long- and short-run relationship between the India Stock market returns, inflation, and exchange rate. The paper shows that there exists a long term relationship but there is no short-run relationship between Indian market returns and inflation. But, there is periodicity of inflation monthly considerable long run and short-run relationship between them existed. The outcome also illustrates a significant short-run relationship between NSE market returns and exchange rate. The variables were tested for short run and it was significantly shown the positive effects on the stock market returns and making it a desirable attribute of which investors can take advantage of. This is due to the establishment of long-run effect of inflation and exchange rate on stock market returns.
Broad-range and Effective Detection of Human Noroviruses by Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Based on the Shell Domain of the Major Capsid Protei
Authors: Xu Meng , Lu Feifeng , Wu Qingping , Zhang Jumei , Tian Peng , Xue Liang , Lyu Chenang , Xu Ting , Wang Dapeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in all ages worldwide. As the replication of HuNoVs in vitro is immature, the detection of HuNoVs is depended on molecular assays such as RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. However, these molecular-based techniques require special equipment, unique reagents, experienced operators to perform, and extended time to get results. In addition, the genotypes of HuNoVs are broad. Therefore, a method for rapidly, broad-range, and effective approach for HuNoVs would be more applicable for screening infected people when outbreaks occur.Results: In this study, a colloidal-gold-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for highly effective detection of HuNoVs in clinical samples. Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against the shell (S) domain in the major capsid protein of HuNoV were used in the ICA. The limitations of detection for HuNoVs in clinical samples were 1.2×106 genomic copies per gram (gc/g) and 4.4×105 gc/g for genogroup I and II (GI and GII) HuNoVs, respectively. A total of 122 samples were tested for HuNoVs by ICA and compared against that by RT-qPCR. The relative sensitivity, specificity and agreement of the ICA was 84.2 % (95% CI: 83.6-84.8 %), 100.0 % (95 % CI: 98.5-100.0 %) and 87.7 % (95% CI: 85.6-89.8 %), respectively. No cross-reaction with other common enteric viruses or bacteria was observed. The ICA could detect a broad range of genotypes, including GI.1, GI.3, GI.4, GI.6, GI.14, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13, and GII.17 HuNoVs.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ICA targeting the S domain protein is a promising candidate for effectively improve identifying different genotypes of HuNoVs in clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity.