bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Magnetic Data Correction Workflow for Sparse, Four‐Dimensional Data
Authors: Aitken Alan R. A. , Ramos Lara N. , Roberts Jason L. , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Jong Lenneke M. , Young Duncan A. , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐quality aeromagnetic data are important in guiding new knowledge of the solid earth in frontier regions, such as Antarctica, where these data are often among the first data collected. The difficulties of data collection in remote regions often lead to less than ideal data collection, leading to data that are sparse and four‐dimensional in nature. Standard aeromagnetic data collection procedures are optimized for the (nearly) 2‐D data that are collected in industry standard surveys. In this work we define and apply a robust magnetic data correction approach that is optimized to these four‐dimensional data. Data are corrected in three phases, with phase 1 operations on point data, correcting for spatiotemporal geomagnetic conditions, then phase 2 operations on line data, adjusting for elevation differences along and between lines and in phase 3, a line‐based leveling approach to bring lines into agreement while preserving data integrity. For a large‐scale East Antarctic survey, the overall median cross‐tie error reduction error reduction is 93%, reaching a final median error of 5 nT. Error reduction is spread evenly between phases 1 and 3. Phase 2 does not reduce error directly but permits a stronger error reduction in phase 3. Residual errors are attributed to limitations in the ability to model 4‐D geomagnetic conditions and also some limitations of the inversion process used in phase 2. Data have improved utility for geological interpretation and modeling, in particular quantitative approaches, which are enabled with less bias and more confidence.
Mechanical Implications of Creep and Partial Coupling on the World's Fastest Slipping Low‐Angle Normal Fault in Southeastern Papua New Guinea
Authors: Biemiller James , Boulton Carolyn , Wallace Laura , Ellis Susan , Little Timothy , Mizera Marcel , Niemeijer Andre , Lavier Luc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe use densely spaced campaign GPS observations and laboratory friction experiments on fault rocks from one of the world's most rapidly slipping low‐angle normal faults, the Mai'iu fault in Papua New Guinea, to investigate the nature of interseismic deformation on active low‐angle normal faults. GPS velocities reveal 8.3 ± 1.2 mm/year of horizontal extension across the Mai'iu fault, and are fit well by dislocation models with shallow fault locking (above 2 km depth), or by deeper locking (from ~5–16 km depth) together with shallower creep. Laboratory friction experiments show that gouges from the shallowest portion of the fault zone are predominantly weak and velocity‐strengthening, while fault rocks deformed at greater depths are stronger and velocity‐weakening. Evaluating the geodetic and friction results together with geophysical and microstructural evidence for mixed‐mode seismic and aseismic slip at depth, we find that the Mai'iu fault is most likely strongly locked at depths of ~5–16 km and creeping updip and downdip of this region. Our results suggest that the Mai'iu fault and other active low‐angle normal faults can slip in large (Mw > 7) earthquakes despite near‐surface interseismic creep on frictionally stable clay‐rich gouges.
Breaking of Internal Kelvin Waves Shoaling on a Slope
Authors: Nakayama K. , Sato T. , Tani K. , Boegman L. , Fujita I. , Shintani T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn stratified flow, breaking of internal waves over slopes induces resuspension of bottom sediments and transport of mass. When internal waves shoal and break, flow dynamics and mass transport differ significantly according to whether the Coriolis force is included or neglected. Despite its importance, the currents generated by breaking internal Kelvin waves remain uninvestigated. Therefore, this study considers breaking of internal waves over a uniform slope under Coriolis with equivalent upper‐ and lower‐layer depths. Laboratory experiments, using a 6.0‐m rotating tank, were undertaken to visualize currents using particle image velocimetry. Experimental data validated a three‐dimensional fluid dynamics model, in which a phase‐averaged velocity (residual jet) was simulated to occur at the lateral wall (to the right) of the progressive internal Kelvin waves in the breaking zone, with the generation of an oblique downslope return flow (downdraft) under Coriolis. The geostrophic balance drove the residual jet, and the equation for estimating the residual current, due to the jet, was formulated and was discussed by referring a coastal jet in Lake Erie. The results provide insight on mass transport in lakeshore and coastal zones.
Impulsive prepotent actions and tics in Tourette disorder underpinned by a common neural network
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Porte Camille-Albane , de Liege Astrid , Klein Yanica , Delorme Cecile , Beranger Benoit , Valabregue Romain , Gallea Cecile , Robbins Trevor W. , Hartmann Andreas , Worbe Yulia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTourette disorder (TD), which is characterized by motor and vocal tics, is not in general considered as a product of impulsivity, despite a frequent association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulse control disorders. It is unclear which type of impulsivity, if any, is intrinsically related to TD and specifically to the severity of tics. The waiting type of motor impulsivity, defined as the difficulty to withhold a specific action, shares some common features with tics. In a large group of adult TD patients compared to healthy controls, we assessed waiting motor impulsivity using a behavioral task, as well as structural and functional underpinnings of waiting impulsivity and tics using multi-modal neuroimaging protocol. We found that unmedicated TD patients showed increased waiting impulsivity compared to controls, which was independent of comorbid conditions, but correlated with the severity of tics. Tic severity did not account directly for waiting impulsivity, but this effect was mediated by connectivity between the right orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus bilaterally. Waiting impulsivity in unmedicated patients with TD also correlated with a higher gray matter signal in deep limbic structures, as well as connectivity with cortical and with cerebellar regions on a functional level. Neither behavioral performance nor structural or functional correlates were related to a psychometric measure of impulsivity or impulsive behaviors in general. Overall, the results suggest that waiting impulsivity in TD was related to tic severity, to functional connectivity of orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus and to structural changes within limbic areas.
First-in-human Phase 1 open label study of the BET inhibitor ODM-207 in patients with selected solid tumours
Authors: Ameratunga Malaka , Braña Irene , Bono Petri , Postel-Vinay Sophie , Plummer Ruth , Aspegren John , Korjamo Timo , Snapir Amir , de Bono Johann S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are reported to be epigenetic anti-cancer drug targets. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary anti-tumour activity of the BET inhibitor ODM-207 in patients with selected solid tumours.MethodsThis was an open-label Phase 1 study comprised of a dose escalation part, and evaluation of the effect of food on pharmacokinetics. ODM-207 was administered orally once daily. The dose escalation part was initiated with a dose titration in the initial cohort, followed by a 3 + 3 design.ResultsThirty-five patients were treated with ODM-207, of whom 12 (34%) had castrate-resistant prostate cancer. One dose-limiting toxicity of intolerable fatigue was observed. The highest studied dose achieved was 2 mg/kg due to cumulative toxicity observed beyond the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) treatment window. Common AEs included thrombocytopenia, asthenia, nausea, anorexia, diarrhoea, fatigue, and vomiting. Platelet count decreased proportionally to exposure with rapid recovery upon treatment discontinuation. No partial or complete responses were observed.ConclusionsODM-207 shows increasing exposure in dose escalation and was safe at doses up to 2 mg/kg but had a narrow therapeutic window.Clinical trial registrationThe clinical trial registration number is NCT03035591.
LDB2 locus disruption on 4p16.1 as a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Horiuchi Yasue , Ichikawa Tomoe , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Iwayama Yoshimi , Toriumi Kazuya , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Nohara Izumi , Obata Nanako , Toyota Tomoko , Yoshikawa Takeo , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe had previously reported the case of a male patient with schizophrenia, having de-novo balanced translocation. Here, we determined the exact breakpoints in chromosomes 4 and 13. The breakpoint within chromosome 4 was mapped to a region 32.6 kbp upstream of the LDB2 gene encoding Lim domain binding 2. Variant screening in LDB2 revealed a rare novel missense variant in patients with psychiatric disorder.
Quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) increases Nrf2 expression via miR-27a mediation to prevent memory dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Ebrahimpour Shiva , Shahidi Seyedeh Bahar , Abbasi Mahnoosh , Tavakoli Zahra , Esmaeili Abolghasem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidative stress is one of the earliest defects involved in the development of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Nrf2 is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant system can be regulated by some microRNAs. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin (QC) and quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) on Nrf2-controlled antioxidant genes through the redox-sensitive miR-27a. Expression levels of miR-27a, Nrf2, SOD1, GPX1, and CAT were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, the oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and histological alterations were investigated. The expression level of miR-27a was significantly up-regulated in diabetic rats. While expression levels of Nrf2, SOD1, GPX1, and CAT were significantly down-regulated under diabetic condition. Interestingly, QCSPIONs decreased expression level of miR-27a and subsequently enhanced the expression levels of Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT to the control level. No significant difference was observed in the expression level of GPX1. Besides, QC in pure and especially conjugated form was able to normalize TAC and regenerate pathological lesions in STZ-diabetic rats. Our result demonstrates that QCSPIONs as an effective combined therapy can decrease miR-27a expression, which in turn increases the Nrf2 expression and responsive antioxidant genes, resulting in improvement of memory dysfunction in diabetic rats.
Omidenepag, a non-prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, induces enlargement of the 3D organoid of 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Ida Yosuke , Hikage Fumihito , Umetsu Araya , Ida Haruka , Ohguro Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D and 3D cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were employed in a study of the effects of Omidenepag (OMD), interacting with a non-prostanoid EP2 receptor, on adipogenesis. Upon adipogenesis, the effects on lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes (Pparγ, CEBPa, Ap2, and Glut4) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen type 1, 4 and 6, and fibronectin, and the size and physical property of 3D organoids were compared between groups that had been treated with EP2 agonists (butaprost and OMD) and PGF2α. Upon adipogenesis, these significantly suppressed lipid staining and the mRNA expression of related genes. EP2 agonists and PGF2α influenced the mRNA expression of ECM in different manners, and these effects were also different between 2 and 3D cultures. Examining the physical properties by a microsqueezer indicated that the solidity of the 3D organoids became significantly lowered upon adipogenesis and these effects were not affected by EP2 agonists. In contrast, 3D organoid stiffness was markedly enhanced by the presence of PGF2α. These observations indicate that EP2 agonists affect the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells in different manners, as compared to PGF2α, suggesting that OMD may not induce PGF2α related orbital fat atrophy, called the deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES).
Diagnostic performance of PI-RADS version 2.1 compared to version 2.0 for detection of peripheral and transition zone prostate cancer
Authors: Rudolph Madhuri Monique , Baur Alexander Daniel Jacques , Cash Hannes , Haas Matthias , Mahjoub Samy , Hartenstein Alexander , Hamm Charlie Alexander , Beetz Nick Lasse , Konietschke Frank , Hamm Bernd , Asbach Patrick , Penzkofer Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare diagnostic performance of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version (v) 2.1 and 2.0 for detection of Gleason Score (GS) ≥ 7 prostate cancer on MRI. Three experienced radiologists provided PI-RADS v2.0 scores and at least 12 months later v2.1 scores on lesions in 333 prostate MRI examinations acquired between 2012 and 2015. Diagnostic performance was assessed retrospectively by using MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy and 10-core systematic biopsy as the reference. From a total of 359 lesions, GS ≥ 7 tumor was present in 135 lesions (37.60%). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed slightly lower values for peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) scoring in v2.1, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. A significant number of score 2 lesions in the TZ were downgraded to score 1 in v2.1 showing 0% GS ≥ 7 tumor (0/11). The newly introduced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) upgrading rule in v2.1 was applied in 6 lesions from a total of 143 TZ lesions (4.2%). In summary, PI-RADS v2.1 showed no statistically significant differences in overall diagnostic performance of TZ and PZ scoring compared to v2.0. Downgraded BPH nodules showed favorable cancer frequencies. The new DWI upgrading rule for TZ lesions was applied in only few cases.
Susceptibility of tree shrew to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Junbin , Kuang Dexuan , Xu Jingwen , Yang Mengli , Ma Chunxia , Zhao Siwen , Li Jingmei , Long Haiting , Ding Kaiyun , Gao Jiahong , Liu Jiansheng , Wang Haixuan , Li Haiyan , Yang Yun , Yu Wenhai , Yang Jing , Zheng Yinqiu , Wu Daoju , Lu Shuaiyao , Liu Hongqi , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a pandemic event in the world, it has not only caused huge economic losses, but also a serious threat to global public health. Many scientific questions about SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were raised and urgently need to be answered, including the susceptibility of animals to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we tested whether tree shrew, an emerging experimental animal domesticated from wild animal, is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. No clinical signs were observed in SARS-CoV-2 inoculated tree shrews during this experiment except the increasing body temperature particularly in female animals. Low levels of virus shedding and replication in tissues occurred in all three age groups. Notably, young tree shrews (6 months to 12 months) showed virus shedding at the earlier stage of infection than adult (2 years to 4 years) and old (5 years to 7 years) animals that had longer duration of virus shedding comparatively. Histopathological examine revealed that pulmonary abnormalities were the main changes but mild although slight lesions were also observed in other tissues. In summary, tree shrew is less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the reported animal models and may not be a suitable animal for COVID-19 related researches. However, tree shrew may be a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 as an asymptomatic carrier.
Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing
Authors: Sabri Muhammad A. , Al-Sayah Mohammad H. , Sen Susan , Ibrahim Taleb H. , El-Kadri Oussama M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel triazene-anthracene-based fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer (TALPOP) was prepared via metal free-Schiff base polycondensation reaction of 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)anthracene and 2-furaldehyde. The polymer has exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities and exhibit good porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 401 m2g−1. The combination of such porosity along with the highly conjugated heteroatom-rich framework enabled the polymer to exhibit exceptional iodine vapor uptake of up to 314 wt % and reversible iodine adsorption in solution. Because of the inclusion of the anthracene moieties, the TALPOP exhibited excellent detection sensitivity towards iodine via florescence quenching with Ksv value of 2.9 × 103 L mol−1. The cost effective TALPOP along with its high uptake and sensing of iodine, make it an ideal material for environmental remediation.
Preoperative factors improving the prediction of the postoperative sagittal orientation of the pelvis in standing position after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer Maximilian C. M. , Tokunaga Kunihiko , Okamoto Masashi , Habor Juliana , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate if the sagittal orientation of the pelvis (SOP) in the standing position changes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluate what preoperative factors may improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP in the context of a patient-specific functional cup orientation. 196 primary THA patients from Japan were retrospectively selected for this study. Computed tomography imaging of the pelvis, EOS imaging of the lower body and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine in the standing position were taken preoperatively. Common biometrics and preoperative Harris Hip Score were recorded. The EOS imaging in the standing position was repeated three months following THA. A 3D/2.5D registration process was used to determine the standing SOP. Thirty-three preoperative biometric, morphological and functional parameters were measured. Important preoperative parameters were identified that significantly improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP by using multiple linear LASSO regression. On average, the SOP changed significantly (p < 0.001) between the preoperative and postoperative standing position three months after THA by 3° ± 4° in the posterior direction. The age, standing lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) and preoperative supine and standing SOP significantly (p < 0.001) improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP. The linear regression model for the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP is significantly (p < 0.001) improved by adding the parameters preoperative standing SOP and LLA, in addition to the preoperative supine SOP, reducing the root mean square error derived from a leave-one-out cross-validation by more than 1°. The mean standing SOP in Japanese patients changes already three months after THA in comparison to the preoperative value. The preoperative factors age, LLA, supine and standing SOP can significantly improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP and should be considered within the preoperative planning process of a patient-specific functional cup orientation.
Crustal structure of Sicily from modelling of gravity and magnetic anomalies
Authors: Milano M. , Kelemework Y. , La Manna M. , Fedi M. , Montanari D. , Iorio M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe aim at modeling the main crustal and thermal interfaces of Sicily (Italy), a key area for understanding the geological complexity at the collisional boundary between the African and European plates. To this end, we analyze the gravity and magnetic fields, integrated with information from well logs, geology, heat flow, and seismic data. In order to make the most accurate description of the crustal structure of the area, we modeled with different methodologies the carbonate and crystalline top surfaces, as well as the Moho and the Curie isotherm surface. The reconstruction of the carbonate platform is achieved using a nonlinear 3D method constrained by the available seismic and borehole data. The crystalline top, the Curie, and the Moho are instead estimated by spectral analysis of both gravity and magnetic data. The results show a complex carbonate basement and a deep crystalline crust in central Sicily, with a prominent uplift beneath the Hyblean Plateau. Maps of the Moho and the Curie isotherm surface define a variable thermal and structural setting of Sicily, with very thin crust in the southern and eastern sectors, where high heat flow is found, and deep and cold crust below the Caltanissetta Basin.
Phosphorus deficiency changes carbon isotope fractionation and triggers exudate reacquisition in tomato plants
Authors: Tiziani Raphael , Pii Youry , Celletti Silvia , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlant roots are able to exude vast amounts of metabolites into the rhizosphere in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. Causing noteworthy costs in terms of energy and carbon (C) for the plants. Therefore, it is suggested that exudates reacquisition by roots could represent an energy saving strategy of plants. This study aimed at investigating the effect of P deficiency on the ability of hydroponically grown tomato plants to re-acquire specific compounds generally present in root exudates by using 13C-labelled molecules. Results showed that P deficient tomato plants were able to take up citrate (+ 37%) and malate (+ 37%), particularly when compared to controls. While glycine (+ 42%) and fructose (+ 49%) uptake was enhanced in P shortage, glucose acquisition was not affected by the nutritional status. Unexpectedly, results also showed that P deficiency leads to a 13C enrichment in both tomato roots and shoots over time (shoots—+ 2.66‰, roots—+ 2.64‰, compared to control plants), probably due to stomata closure triggered by P deficiency. These findings highlight that tomato plants are able to take up a wide range of metabolites belonging to root exudates, thus maximizing C trade off. This trait is particularly evident when plants grew in P deficiency.
Microwave Absorbing properties of metal functionalized-CNT-polymer composite for stealth applications
Authors: Hussein Mousa I. , Jehangir Syed S. , Rajmohan I. J. , Haik Y. , Abdulrehman Tahir , Clément Q. , Vukadinovic N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report on the electrical properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites functionalized with metal or metal alloy oxides and embedded in a polyurethane matrix to develop a lightweight material for microwave absorption and shielding. The CNT nanoparticles are functionalized with metallic oxides such as Cobalt oxide, Iron oxide, and Cobalt Iron oxide, at three different concentrations. Metallic oxides are used at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration of the total CNT percentage weight. The resulting functionalized CNT is mixed with polyurethane polymer at 5% wt of the total composite weight. Three sets of cylindrical samples are developed, and each set contains three different metal oxide concentrations. The dielectric properties of the nine developed samples are obtained by measuring their permittivity spectra using an open-ended coaxial probe technique in the spectral range 5–50 GHz. The absorption efficiency of the composites is then obtained by calculating the reflection loss at normal incidence. The results show that the spectral range of absorption can be tuned by changing the CNT concentration, and the material thickness. Functionalized CNT with different alloyed metal oxides enhanced the absorption efficiency of the polyurethane/CNT composites. Such functionalized composites can be used to replace the common heavyweight materials used for microwave applications.