bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cyclen‐Functionalized Ethenylene‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles and Metal‐Ion Adsorption Studies
Authors: Li Hao , Vardanyan Ani , Charnay Clarence , Raehm Laurence , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. , Pleixats Roser , Durand Jean‐Olivier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe preparation of two cyclens both possessing two triethoxysilyl groups through click chemistry is described. These two cyclens were incorporated into bis(triethoxysilyl)ethenylene‐based periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO NPs) at different proportions of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethenylene/cyclens (90/10, 75/25). The obtained nanorods were analyzed with different techniques and showed high specific surface areas at low proportion of cyclens. The nanorods containing free amino groups of cyclen were then used for Ni(II) and Co(II) removal from model solutions. The kinetics and isotherms of adsorption of Ni(II) and Co(II) were determined, and the materials showed high uptake of metals (up to 3.9 mmol ⋅ g−1). They demonstrated pronounced selectivity in separation of rare earth elements from late transition metals, e. g. Ni(II) and Co(II) by adsorption and even more so by controlled desorption.
Colour here, there, and in‐between—Placemaking and wayfinding in mental health environments
Authors: McLachlan Fiona , Leng Xuechang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColour design in mental healthcare environments is acutely significant. Sensory acuity may be impaired through age, illness, or heightened stress and anxiety. While research has played a role in the development of guidance on the use of colour in such environments, this article suggests that this tends to be followed in a dogmatic, risk‐averse manner and predominately without professional design input, leading to monotonous and under‐stimulating environments. The article reports on two case study projects by the authors, involving user participation and student volunteers. These colour design installations provide examples of practice‐led applied research within occupied healthcare facilities. The article discusses the significance of site‐specific colour design in relation to place‐making and wayfinding with reference to previous research that considers the role of colour as part of the everyday experience of all users, in contrast to an approach focused solely on the behavior of patients. It concludes that colour design knowledge developed and applied through “real world” live projects, involving students as part of their architectural education can address some of the shortcomings of laboratory or staged colour research.
A low‐power delay stage ring VCO based on wrap‐gate CNTFET technology for X‐band satellite communication applications
Authors: Khaleqi Qaleh Jooq Mohammad , Bozorgmehr Ali , Mirzakuchaki Sattar 
Published: September 2020

SummaryOver the past few years, with lower power consumption, reasonable layout area, and the ease of integration with standard circuit design technologies compared to the other counterparts, delay stage ring voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) have been in the limelight of microelectronics scientists. However, few efforts have focused on representing high‐performance delay stage ring VCOs in the deep nanometric regime. In this regard, by virtue of outstanding electrical properties of carbon nanotube wrap‐gate transistors, this work aims to propose a carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor (CNTFET)–based delay stage ring VCO. After performing rigorous simulations, the proposed ring VCO which has been designed by 10‐nm gate‐all‐around (GAA) CNTFET technology shows suitable electrical performance metrics. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GAA‐CNTFET‐based ring VCO consumes 85.176 μW at
with a 6.12‐ to 10.42‐GHz frequency tuning range. At the worst‐case noise conditions, the proposed design presents ‐90.747 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset frequency. With occupying 1.414 μm2 physical area, the proposed VCO is appropriate for the ultracompact nanoscale radio frequency apparatus. Our simulation results accentuate that with further improvements and commercializing the fabrication techniques for CNTFET transistors, the proposed GAA‐CNTFET‐based VCO can be considered as a potential candidate for X‐band satellite communication applications.
DrosophilaSERTAD domain protein Taranis is required in somatic cells for maintenance of male germline stem cells
Authors: Dutta Pranabananda , Nath Soma , Li Jinghong , Li Willis X. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolycomb proteins are essential for maintaining stem cell identity across different stem cell niches. However, how they function to maintain stem cell niches is not fully understood.ResultsHere we show that the SERTAD protein Taranis (Tara), which is a Polycomb‐trithorax group protein, is expressed in the adult testis niche and plays a role in its maintenance in Drosophila. We found that tara is expressed in early cyst cells, likely including somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs) of Drosophila male testis tip region, which houses both germline and somatic cyst stem cells along with the hub cells, forming the stem cell niche. Consistent with its expression, we found that, while loss of tara in germline cells only had minimal effects, tara knockdown in all cells or only in somatic cells of the niche reduced the number of not only somatic cells, but also germline stem cells (GSCs). We further found that Tara might antagonize Notch signaling in CySCs to maintain the stem cell niche.ConclusionsOur studies suggest that Tara might function in somatic CySCs for GSC maintenance in the Drosophila testis.
Landscape‐scale patterns of nutrient enrichment in a coral reef ecosystem: implications for coral to algae phase shifts
Authors: Adam Thomas C. , Burkepile Deron E. , Holbrook Sally J. , Carpenter Robert C. , Claudet Joachim , Loiseau Charles , Thiault Lauric , Brooks Andrew J. , Washburn Libe , Schmitt Russell J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNutrient pollution is altering coastal ecosystems worldwide. On coral reefs, excess nutrients can favor the production of algae at the expense of reef‐building corals, yet the role of nutrients in driving community changes such as shifts from coral to macroalgae is not well understood. Here we investigate the potential role of anthropogenic nutrient loading in driving recent coral‐to‐macroalgae phase shifts on reefs in the lagoons surrounding the Pacific island of Moorea, French Polynesia. We use nitrogen (N) tissue content and stable isotopes (δ15N) in an abundant macroalga (Turbinaria ornata) together with empirical models of nutrient discharge to describe spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient enrichment in the lagoons. We then employ time series data to test whether recent increases in macroalgae are associated with nutrients. Our results revealed that patterns of N enrichment were linked to several factors, including rainfall, wave‐driven circulation, and distance from anthropogenic nutrient sources, especially human sewage. Reefs near large watersheds, where inputs of N from sewage and agriculture are high, have been consistently enriched in N for at least the last decade. In many of these areas, corals have decreased and macroalgae have increased, while reefs with lower levels of N input have maintained high cover of coral and low cover of macroalgae. Importantly, these patchy phase shifts to macroalgae have occurred despite substantial island‐wide increases in the density and biomass of herbivorous fishes over the time period. Together, these results indicate that nutrient loading may be an important driver of coral‐to‐macroalgae phase shifts in the lagoons of Moorea even though the reefs harbor an abundant and diverse herbivore assemblage. These results emphasize the important role that bottom‐up factors can play in driving coral‐to‐macroalgae phase shifts and underscore the critical importance of watershed management for reducing inputs of nutrients and other land‐based pollutants to coral reef ecosystems.
Sweet tooth: Elephants detect fruit sugar levels based on scent alone
Authors: Nevo Omer , Schmitt Melissa H. , Ayasse Manfred , Valenta Kim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability to assess food quality is crucial to all organisms. Fleshy fruits are a major source of nutrients to various animals, and unlike most food sources, have evolved to be attractive and to be consumed by animals to promote seed dispersal. It has recently been established that fruit scent—the bouquet of volatile chemicals emitted by ripe fruit—is an evolved communication system between plants and animals. Further, it has been argued that chemicals that are synthesized from sugar and its products may be an honest signal for sugar content and fruit quality. Elephants are important seed dispersers for numerous species and possess an olfactory system that is likely to outperform most other animals. We tested the hypothesis that fruit scent signifies sugar content and that elephants are capable of assessing fruit sugar levels based on scent alone. Using a paired‐choice test of marula fruits (Sclerocarya birrea) by semitame African elephants, we show that elephants are capable of identifying more sugar‐rich fruits based on scent alone and that this is likely based on two chemical compounds: ethanol and ethyl acetate, both downstream products of sugar fermentation. These results shed light on the mechanisms driving elephant feeding ecology, plant signaling, and the coevolutionary process between angiosperms and animal seed dispersers.
Behavioral strategies during incubation influence nest and female survival of Wild Turkeys
Authors: Lohr Ashley K. , Martin James A. , Wann Gregory T. , Cohen Bradley S. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFemales must balance physiological and behavioral demands of producing offspring with associated expenditures, such as resource acquisition and predator avoidance. Nest success is an important parameter underlying avian population dynamics. Galliforms are particularly susceptible to low nest success due to exposure of ground nests to multiple predator guilds, lengthy incubation periods, and substantive reliance on crypsis for survival. Hence, it is plausible that nesting individuals prioritize productivity and survival differently, resulting in a gradient of reproductive strategies. Fine‐scale movement patterns during incubation are not well documented in ground‐nesting birds, and the influence of reproductive movements on survival is largely unknown. Using GPS data collected from female wild turkeys (n = 278) across the southeastern United States, we evaluated the influence of incubation recess behaviors on trade‐offs between nest and female survival. We quantified daily recess behaviors including recess duration, recess frequency, total distance traveled, and incubation range size for each nest attempt as well as covariates for nest concealment, nest attempt, and nest age. Of 374 nests, 91 (24%) hatched and 39 (14%) females were depredated during incubation. Average nest survival during the incubation period was 0.19, whereas average female survival was 0.78. On average, females took 1.6 daily unique recesses (SD = 1.2), spent 2.1 hr off the nest each day (SD = 1.8), and traveled 357.6 m during recesses (SD = 396.6). Average nest concealment was 92.5 cm (SD = 47). We found that females who took longer recess bouts had higher individual survival, but had increased nest loss. Females who recessed more frequently had lower individual survival. Our findings suggest behavioral decisions made during incubation represent life‐history trade‐offs between predation risk and reproductive success on an unpredictable landscape.
Bacterial communities in the natural and supplemental nests of an endangered ecosystem engineer
Authors: Thoemmes Megan S. , Cove Michael V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupplemental nests are often used to restore habitats for a variety of rare and endangered taxa. However, though they mimic the function of natural nests, they vary in design and construction material. We know from previous research on human buildings that these differences in architecture can alter the types of microbes to which inhabitants are exposed, and these shifts in microbial interactions can be detrimental for individual health and well‐being. Yet, no one has tested whether bacterial communities in supplemental structures are distinct from those found in natural nests. Here, we sampled the bacteria from inside supplemental nests of the endangered Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli). We then compared the diversity and composition of those bacteria to the bacteria collected from natural stick‐nests and the surrounding forest environment in Key Largo, Florida. In addition, we sampled woodrat bodies to assess the microbiota of nest inhabitants. We observed distinct bacterial communities in Key Largo woodrat nests, relative to the forest environment; however, we could not differentiate between the bacterial communities collected from supplemental and natural nests. Furthermore, when we considered the potential accumulation of rodent‐associated bacterial pathogens, we found no evidence of their presence in supplemental nests, in natural nests, or on the forest floor. Where we expected to see an accumulation of pathogens, we instead observed high relative abundances of bacteria from antimicrobial‐producing groups (i.e., Pseudonocardiaceae and Streptomycetaceae). The bacteria on Key Largo woodrat individuals resembled those of their nests, with a low relative abundance of potential pathogens (0.3% of sequence reads) and a high relative abundance of bacteria from antimicrobial‐producing groups. Our results suggest that, although there is some microbial interaction between nests and nest inhabitants, there are no detectable differences in the types of bacteria to which Key Largo woodrats are exposed in supplemental and natural nest structures.
Integrating distance sampling and presence‐only data to estimate species abundance
Authors: Farr Matthew T. , Green David S. , Holekamp Kay E. , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrated models combine multiple data types within a unified analysis to estimate species abundance and covariate effects. By sharing biological parameters, integrated models improve the accuracy and precision of estimates compared to separate analyses of individual data sets. We developed an integrated point process model to combine presence‐only and distance sampling data for estimation of spatially explicit abundance patterns. Simulations across a range of parameter values demonstrate that our model can recover estimates of biological covariates, but parameter accuracy and precision varied with the quantity of each data type. We applied our model to a case study of black‐backed jackals in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, to examine effects of spatially varying covariates on jackal abundance patterns. The model revealed that jackals were positively affected by anthropogenic disturbance on the landscape, with highest abundance estimated along the Reserve border near human activity. We found minimal effects of landscape cover, lion density, and distance to water source, suggesting that human use of the Reserve may be the biggest driver of jackal abundance patterns. Our integrated model expands the scope of ecological inference by taking advantage of widely available presence‐only data, while simultaneously leveraging richer, but typically limited, distance sampling data.
CD73 contributes to anti‐inflammatory properties of afferent lymphatic endothelial cells in humans and mice
Authors: Eichin Dominik , Pessia Alberto , Takeda Akira , Laakkonen Joni , Bellmann Lydia , Kankainen Matti , Imhof Beat A. , Stoitzner Patrizia , Tang Jing , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCD73 is an important ectoenzyme responsible for the production of extracellular adenosine. It is involved in regulating inflammatory responses and cell migration and is overexpressed in various cancers. The functions of CD73 in blood endothelial cells are understood in detail, but its role on afferent lymphatics remains unknown. Moreover, anti‐CD73 antibodies are now used in multiple clinical cancer trials, but their effects on different endothelial cell types have not been studied. This study reveals that a previously unknown role of CD73 on afferent lymphatics is to dampen immune responses. Knocking it out or suppressing it by siRNA leads to the upregulation of inflammation‐associated genes on lymphatic endothelial cells and a more pro‐inflammatory phenotype of interacting dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. In striking contrast, anti‐CD73 antibodies had only negligible effects on the gene expression of lymphatic‐ and blood‐endothelial cells. Our data thus reveal new functions of lymphatic CD73 and indicate a low likelihood of endothelial cell–related adverse effects by CD73 targeting therapeutic antibodies.
Six‐year trends in postoperative prescribing and use of multimodal analgesics following total hip and knee arthroplasty: A single‐site observational study of pain management
Authors: Khaw Damien , Bucknall Tracey , Considine Julie , Duke Maxine , Hutchinson Ana , Redley Bernice , de Steiger Richard , Botti Mari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for acute postoperative pain management recommend administering analgesics in multimodal combination to facilitate synergistic benefit, reduce opioid requirements and decrease side‐effects. However, limited observational research has examined the extent to which multimodal analgesics are prescribed and administered postoperatively following joint replacement.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we used three‐point prevalence surveys to observe the 6‐year trends in prescribing and use of multimodal analgesics on the orthopaedic wards of a single Australian private hospital. We collected baseline postoperative data from total hip and knee arthroplasty patients in May/June 2010 (Time 1, n = 86), and follow‐up data at 1 year (Time 2, n = 199) and 5 years (Time 3, n = 188). During the follow‐up, data on prescribing practices were presented to anaesthetists.ResultsWe found a statistically significant increase in the prescribing (p < 0.001) and use (p < 0.001) of multimodal analgesics over time. The use of multimodal analgesics was associated with lower rest pain (p = 0.027) and clinically significant reduction in interference with activities (p < 0.001) and sleep (p < 0.001). However, dynamic pain was high and rescue opioids were likely under‐administered at all time points. Furthermore, while patients reported high levels of side‐effects, use of adjuvant medications was low.ConclusionsWe observed significant practice change in inpatient analgesic prescribing in favour of multimodal analgesia, in keeping with contemporary recommendations. Surveys, however, appeared to identify a clinical gap in the bedside assessment and management of breakthrough pain and medication side‐effects, requiring additional targeted interventions.SignificanceEvaluation of 6‐year trends in a large Australian metropolitan private hospital indicated substantial growth in postoperative multimodal analgesic prescribing. In the context of growing global awareness concerning multimodal analgesia, findings suggested diffusion of best‐evidence prescribing into clinical practice. Findings indicated the effects of postoperative multimodal analgesia in real‐world conditions outside of experimental trials. Postoperative multimodal analgesia in the clinical setting was only associated with a modest reduction in rest pain, but substantially reduced interference from pain on activities and sleep.
Rational Design of Highly Efficient One‐pot Synthesis of Ternary PtNiCo/FTO Nanocatalyst for Hydroquinone and Catechol Sensing
Authors: Awais Azka , Arsalan Muhammad , Sheng Qinglin , Zheng Jianbin , Yue Tianli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present a simple and efficient method for preparation of widely dispersed PtNiCo nanocatalyst on FTO without the use of any heavy complex structure. The proposed nanocatalyst enhances the chemical interaction of PtNiCo/FTO and increases its catalytic activity, which was used for electrochemical sensing of catechol and hydroquinone. The surface morphology was characterized by TEM, HRTEM, and XRD. The size of the PtNiCo/FTO octahedrons nanocatalyst was about 0.35–4 nm. Gradual increase of concentration exhibited linearity in oxidation peak response up to 1100 μM with a low detection limit of 0.79 μM for HQ and 1.05 μM for CC. The sensitivity is 1035 μAmM−1 cm−2 for catechol and 1197 μAmM−1 cm−2 for hydroquinone. The prepared nanomaterial/sensor applied to real water samples with good reproducibility (98–99 %).
Chloroplast gene markers detect diatom DNA in a drowned mice establishing drowning as a cause of death
Authors: Vinayak Vandana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiatoms are unicellular microalgae with cell wall made up of rigid silica found in all open water bodies. They thus resist degradation and hence are important tool to diagnose cause of death in drowned bodies. The nitric acid digestion method practiced conventionally in forensic science laboratories has limitations due to manual error. Plant chloroplast genes found in diatoms such as ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL‐3P) and rbcL, universal plastidic amplicon (UPA), and photosynthesis I P700 apoprotein chlorophyll Al (psaA), which play an important role in photosystems I and II of photosynthesis, are tested to diagnose drowning in experimental mice. It was seen that psaA‐2 showed amplification at 150 bp in all biological samples. The sequences of psaA‐2 gene marker showed 100% proximity to Thalassiosira weissflogii and rbcL‐3P showed 99% resemblance to Pseudo‐nitzschia multiseries. On the other hand, in postmortem drowned biological samples, the chloroplast‐based gene marker failed to show any amplification.
Data fusion with Gaussian processes for estimation of environmental hazard events
Authors: Xiong Xiaoyu , Youngman Benjamin D. , Economou Theodoros 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental hazard events such as extra‐tropical cyclones or windstorms that develop in the North Atlantic can cause severe societal damage. Environmental hazard is quantified by the hazard footprint, a spatial area describing potential damage. However, environmental hazards are never directly observed, so estimation of the footprint for any given event is primarily reliant on station observations (e.g., wind speed in the case of a windstorm event) and physical model hindcasts. Both data sources are indirect measurements of the true footprint, and here we present a general statistical framework to combine the two data sources for estimating the underlying footprint. The proposed framework extends current data fusion approaches by allowing structured Gaussian process discrepancy between physical model and the true footprint, while retaining the elegance of how the "change of support" problem is dealt with. Simulation is used to assess the practical feasibility and efficacy of the framework, which is then illustrated using data on windstorm Imogen.