bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Preseason Screening for Injury Prediction: The Development and Internal Validation of a Multivariable Prognostic Model to Predict Indirect Muscle Injury Risk in Elite Football (Soccer) Players
Authors: Hughes Tom , Riley Richard D. , Callaghan Michael J. , Sergeant Jamie C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
In elite football (soccer), periodic health examination (PHE) could provide prognostic factors to predict injury risk.

Objective
To develop and internally validate a prognostic model to predict individualised indirect (non-contact) muscle injury (IMI) risk during a season in elite footballers, only using PHE-derived candidate prognostic factors.

Methods
Routinely collected preseason PHE and injury data were used from 152 players over 5 seasons (1st July 2013 to 19th May 2018). Ten candidate prognostic factors (12 parameters) were included in model development. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing values. The outcome was any time-loss, index indirect muscle injury (I-IMI) affecting the lower extremity. A full logistic regression model was fitted, and a parsimonious model developed using backward-selection to remove factors that exceeded a threshold that was equivalent to Akaike’s Information Criterion (alpha 0.157). Predictive performance was assessed through calibration, discrimination and decision-curve analysis, averaged across all imputed datasets. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping and adjusted for overfitting.

Results
During 317 participant-seasons, 138 I-IMIs were recorded. The parsimonious model included only age and frequency of previous IMIs; apparent calibration was perfect, but discrimination was modest (C-index = 0.641, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.580 to 0.703), with clinical utility evident between risk thresholds of 37–71%. After validation and overfitting adjustment, performance deteriorated (C-index = 0.589 (95% CI = 0.528 to 0.651); calibration-in-the-large = − 0.009 (95% CI = − 0.239 to 0.239); calibration slope = 0.718 (95% CI = 0.275 to 1.161)).

Conclusion
The selected PHE data were insufficient prognostic factors from which to develop a useful model for predicting IMI risk in elite footballers. Further research should prioritise identifying novel prognostic factors to improve future risk prediction models in this field.

Trial registration
NCT03782389
Bladder and urodynamic changes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Torad Hesham , Shalaby Nevin , Hussein Hussein Aly , Sadek Samih Z. , Abdelazim Mohamed S. , Yehia Ahmed , Morsy Samer , Soliman Shaimaa H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary dysfunction is a common symptom during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Long-term follow-up of the natural history of bladder dysfunction in MS has been seldom addressed.ObjectiveTo identify the type and the course of voiding dysfunction in MS patients in relation to the urodynamic changes of the lower urinary tract (LUT)Subjects and methodsAn observational prospective study including 120 MS patients with urinary dysfunction rated by the American Urological Association (AUA) symptoms questionnaire and assessed by urodynamic studies and followed for 1 year.ResultsIrritative symptoms were the most frequently encountered symptoms (90%), whereas overactive bladder was recorded by urodynamic studies in 35% of subjects. Urinary symptoms severity score was higher in patients with initial urodynamic abnormalities by the end of the 1-year follow-up period (P< 0.001). A statistically significant relationship was found between urinary symptoms severity score and each of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and urodynamic pattern of abnormalities (P< 0.01).ConclusionIrritative symptoms and overactive bladder seem to be the most frequent urinary dysfunction in MS patients. Urinary symptoms are related to the degree of disability. The initial urodynamic abnormalities are associated with worse urinary dysfunction outcome after 1 year.
Reinforced dental plaster with low setting expansion and enhanced microhardness
Authors: Hamdy Tamer M. , Abdelnabi Ali , Abdelraouf Rasha M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Three types of gypsum products were commonly used in dentistry to fabricate dental casts and dies which includes dental plaster, dental stone, and improved stone. Improved stone could be used as final casts and dies for building of final indirect dental restorations. Even though the cost of dental plaster is very low, their inherent lowest surface microhardness, compressive strength, and dimensional stability values confined their utilization as preliminary cast and die materials. This in vitro study was evaluated the effect of incorporation of 10 weight % (wt.%) aluminum oxide nanoparticle fillers on surface microhardness, compressive strength, and setting expansion of the dental plaster compared with the gold standard improved stone.

Methods
The control group was prepared by mixing dental plaster with water. The innovative reinforced dental plaster group was prepared by incorporation of 10 wt.% aluminum oxide nanoparticle fillers to the conventional one prior to water mixing. The improved stone group was prepared by mixing the improved stone with water. Chemical composition of the three group powders was determined using x-ray florescence spectrometer (XRF). The surface microhardness, compressive strength, and setting expansion were measured.

Results
The results revealed that innovative dental plaster reinforced by 10 wt.% aluminum oxide nanoparticle fillers was shown higher mean surface microhardness than that of conventional dental plaster, while higher mean compressive strength values than that of improved stones and conventional dental plaster. Moreover, reinforced dental plaster was shown lower mean setting expansion values compared with conventional dental plaster and improved stones (P value ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
Within limitation of this study, the results are indicating the opportunity of the innovative reinforced dental plaster to be used alternatively to improved stone (type IV) for fabrication of final dental casts and dies.
Home storage of biological medications administered to patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Santin Glaucia , da Silva Mariana Moreira Magnabosco , Villarreal Vinicius Augusto , Laste Leane Dhara Dalle , de Freitas Montin Eduardo , Betiol Luis Eduardo Ribeiro , Azevedo Valderilio Feijó 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The inadequate storage of biopharmaceuticals may result in an ineffective therapeutic response since poor conservation can lead to the emergence of protein aggregates and cause immunogenicity in patients, which can increase the risk of adverse events by inducing the production of anti-drug antibodies. This can also lead to significant economic losses for public health, given the high cost of these medicines. The aim of this study was to verify whether the home storage of biopharmaceuticals dispensed by the Unified Public System was in accordance with the manufacturers’ specified standards and whether external variables interfered with the correct home storage.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis who were using a biologic exclusively dispensed by Unified Public System were included. Storage temperature was measured by digital thermometer inserted into the refrigerator of the participant’s home. Fisher’s exact test was performed to cross-reference the temperature data and the qualitative variables obtained using an epidemiologic questionnaire. Mean, minimum, maximum values and standard deviation were described in the quantitative data. Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was performed to the association between temperature excursion and the number of people in the house.

Results
A total of 81 participants were included and 67 (82.71%) did not maintain home storage correctly. The maximum temperature observed among all patients was 15.5 °C, the minimum was − 4.4 °C and the average was 5.6 °C (standard deviation 2.8); 10 (12.3%) had at least one negative temperature measured. The average time for participants who had an inadequate temperature record was 8 h and 31 min. Nine participants (90%) who stored the medication into the shelf/drawer below the freezer had a temperature excursion (p = 0.011). Most of the participants (88.5%) who stored their biopharmaceutical near the back side, close to the wall of the refrigerator had a negative temperature record (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Most of the study participants (82.71%) did not maintain adequate home storage conditions for their biopharmaceutical. Intrinsic factors of household refrigerators may be involved in temperature deviations.
Patella dislocation: an online systematic video analysis of the mechanism of injury
Authors: Dewan V. , Webb M. S. L. , Prakash D. , Malik A. , Gella S. , Kipps C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The mechanism of injury (MoI) for a patellar dislocation has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to use systematic video analysis to determine the MoI of a patella dislocation.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted of three video sharing websites and three popular search engines to identify videos demonstrating a patellar dislocation. Videos were reviewed by three surgeons trained in systematic video analysis, who commented on the position of the lower limb and the situation in which the injury occurred. The results were reviewed to build a consensus of the MoI for each video. Statistical analysis was conducted for interobserver agreement (p < 0.05).

Results
Initial search yielded 603 videos with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. The injuries were sustained performing a sporting activity (n = 9) or whilst dancing (n = 4). The injury was predominantly sustained during a non-contact situation (n = 10). The most common mechanism was an unbalanced individual with a flexed hip sustaining a valgus force to their flexed knee with the tibia externally rotated.

Conclusions
This study provides some insight into the MoI for a patellar dislocation and the findings may assist in developing injury prevention programmes and rehabilitation protocols as well as guiding future research.
Proprioception deficiency in articular cartilage lesions of the knee
Authors: Al-Dadah Oday , Shepstone Lee , Donell Simon T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the proprioceptive function of patients with isolated articular cartilage lesions of the knee as compared to normal controls.MethodsThe Cartilage group consisted of eight subjects with radiologically and arthroscopically confirmed, isolated, unilateral, articular cartilage lesions of the knee (Outerbridge grade III or IV). They were compared to 50 normal controls. Knee proprioception was assessed by dynamic postural stabilometry using the Biodex Balance SD System. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were used to evaluate all subjects.ResultsProprioception of the injured knee of the Cartilage group was significantly poorer compared to that of the control group (p < 0.001). A significant proprioceptive deficit also was observed when the uninjured knees of the Cartilage group were compared to those in the Control group (p = 0.003). There was no significant proprioceptive difference between the injured and the contra-lateral uninjured knee of the Cartilage group (p = 0.116). A significant correlation was found between the proprioception measurements of the injured and uninjured knee of the Cartilage group (r = 0.76,p = 0.030). A significant difference was observed in all PROMs (p < 0.001) between the Cartilage and Control groups.ConclusionsPatients with isolated articular cartilage lesions of the knee had a significant proprioceptive deficit as compared to normal controls. The deficiency was profound and even affected the proprioceptive function of the contra-lateral uninjured knee. This study has shown that articular cartilage lesions have a major influence on knee proprioception. However, it remains uncertain as to whether a proprioceptive deficit leads to osteoarthritis or is a consequence of it.
Risk governance and cybercrime: the hierarchical regression approach
Authors: Erin Olayinka Adedayo , Kolawole Adebola Daniel , Noah Abdurafiu Olaiya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of risk governance on cybercrime of selected listed firms in the Nigerian financial institutions. To achieve this, a sample size of 50 listed companies from the Nigerian financial sector was selected for the years 2013–2017, resulting in 250 observations. The study employed the use of hierarchical regression analysis to test the impact of risk governance variables (Chief Risk Officer_centrality, Enterprise Risk Management_index, Chief Risk Officer_presence, Board Risk Committee_size, Board Risk Committee_activism, and Board Risk Committee_independence) and other control variables such as corporate governance variables (Board Size and Board of Directors_independence) and firm characteristics variables (Firm size and firm age) on cybercrime. The study observed from the findings that almost all the explanatory variables present a positive and significant relationship with cybercrime, except the Chief Risk Officer_presence, firm age and Board Risk Committee_size which revealed an insignificant relationship with cybercrime. The study concludes that risk governance variables and other variables are likely to reduce and minimize the impact of cybercrime on the sampled firms used in this study.
Writing with Pencils in the Antebellum United States: Language, Instrument, Gesture
Authors: Bronson-Bartlett Blake 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay argues that the pencil, which became increasingly available in the United States during the antebellum decades, allowed writers to break from scriptural conventions and explore alternative selves because it afforded them the ability to write quickly, continuously, and on the move. Through readings of the manuscripts of John Washington, Margaret Fuller, and Walt Whitman, this article demonstrates how the pencil facilitated such exploration by configuring language, instrument, and corporeal gesture in ways that suited the modernizing nation. The essay draws its method from a theoretical model known in Germany as the Schreibszene (writing scene), which demonstrates how archival scholars can explore the specific affordances of writing media and the scriptural experiments that may emerge from their use.
Effect of Water in Fabricating Copper Nanoparticles onto Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Application in Catalytic Ullmann-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Suktanarak Pattira , Tanaka Tatsuya , Nagata Tatsuki , Kondo Ryota , Suzuki Takeyuki , Tuntulani Thawatchai , Leeladee Pannee , Obora Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles fabricated onto reduced graphene oxide (Cu NPs/rGO) were successfully synthesized via a one-pot dimethylformamide (DMF) reduction approach with an addition of nominal water. This small amount of water can significantly decrease the degree of GO reduction by DMF. As a result, the remaining oxygen-containing functionality on rGO can still interact with the copper cation precursor leading to the high Cu content fabricated onto the support material, which was evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, small particle sizes and high dispersion of Cu NPs on rGO were confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In addition, our Cu NPs/rGO was competent to catalyze the Ullmann-coupling reaction (i.e., arylation of 3,5-dimethylphenol with 86% yield and turnover number of 2,642).
Highly efficient Er:YAP laser with 6.9 W of output power at 2920 nm
Authors: Yao Weichao , Uehara Hiyori , Kawase Hiroki , Chen Hengjun , Yasuhara Ryo 
Published: May 2020

We report on the efficient high-power operation of a laser-diode-pumped Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Er:YAP) laser in the 3

μ

m spectral region at room temperature. 6.9 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power was obtained at 2920 nm. The slope efficiency was as high as 30.6% with respect to the absorbed pump power, which is close to the quantum defect limit (33.4%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest CW output power generated from 3

μ

m Er3+-doped solid state lasers at room temperature. Furthermore, our analysis has shown that more than 10 W of output power based on Er:YAP is possible by further mitigating the thermal lens effect.
Use of nonpharmacological methods while taking blood sample from children
Authors: Kürtüncü Meltem , Davas Seda 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this review is to examine the literature on the effect of non-pharmacological methods on children's anxiety, pain level and parental satisfaction during blood collection.
There are 2 doctoral theses and 12 master's theses at NTC National Thesis Center on pain management during the blood collection process in children. Numerous publications and articles have been searched and it is observed that non-pharmacological methods applied during the blood collection process generally have positive effects on pediatric patients and their families.
It is thought that non-pharmacological techniques applied during the blood collection process will reduce the anxiety, fear and pain in children and increase the satisfaction of the family and the child in nursing care and their compliance with thenonpharmacologic methods during blood collection in children is discussed.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet
Bu derleme, çocuklara kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanacak olan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuklardaki anksiyete, ağrı düzeyi, ebeveyn memnuniyetine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış olan literatürü incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında hissedilen ağrı yönetimiyle ilgili YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi'nde 2 adet doktora tezi ve 12 adet yüksek lisans tezi bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili sayısız yayın ve makale taranmış olup, genel itibariyle kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuk hastalar ve aileleri üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaptığı gözlenmiştir.
Kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik tekniklerin çocuklarda oluşan anksiyete, korku ve ağrıyı azaltmasının yanında ailenin ve çocuğun hemşirelik bakımında memnuniyetini ve tıbbi işlemlere olan uyumunu artırarak, tıbbi işlem korkusuna bağlı oluşan psikosomatik komplikasyonların kısa ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında nonfarmakolajik yöntemlerin kullanımından bahsedilmiştir.
Kuchnia badań miejskich. Wprowadzenie redaktora tomu
Authors: Nowak Marek 
Published: May 2020

Marek Nowak, Kuchnia badań miejskich. Wprowadzenie redaktora tomu [A backstage of urban research. Introduction by the editor of the volume] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVIII: Kuchnia badań miejskich. Studia na temat praktyki empirycznej badaczy miasta [A backstage of urban research. Studies on the empirical practices of city research scientists], Poznań 2019, pp. 7–9, Adam Mickiewicz University. ISSN 0239-3271.
Marek Nowak, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Socjologii, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznań, e-mail: marek.nowak@amu.edu.pl
Solidification Structures in Low-Alloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels Obtained through Permanent Liquid Phase Sintering Using a Master Alloy Containing Boron
Authors: Gélinas Simon , Rousseau Jean-Nicolas , Blais Carl 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Powder metallurgy (PM) steels containing boron form an attractive group of alloys because of the important densification that can be achieved through permanent liquid phase sintering (LPS). However, upon solidification, such liquid phase is known to form borides or borocarbides. Recent works have shown that some alloying elements have significant interactions with the LPS of PM steels containing boron. More specifically, it is suspected that the concentration of prealloyed molybdenum influences the formation of boride/borocarbide upon cooling at the end of the sintering cycle. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to describe the relationship that exists between the concentration of prealloyed molybdenum and the crystal structure of the boride/borocarbide eutectic component that typically forms in PM steels containing boron. A master alloy made of iron-manganese-nickel-boron-carbon was utilized to introduce boron, thus providing enhanced sintering through LPS. Characterization in optical and scanning electron microscopy combined with electron-backscattered diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) revealed that increasing the prealloyed molybdenum content not only increased the volume fraction of liquid phase but also modified the morphology and the nature of the boron-rich eutectic. Changing the prealloyed molybdenum content from 0.5 to 0.85 wt.% transformed the discontinuous M2B boride to a continuous M23(C,B)6 borocarbide phase, causing a drastic decrease in strength despite the higher densification observed at 0.85 wt.% molybdenum. The effect of molybdenum on the LPS process of boron PM steels is undeniable and was found to occur after the initial formation of the liquid phase. Indeed, differential scanning calorimetry revealed no difference in the endothermic melting peaks temperature for both concentration of molybdenum.
Functionalized Graphite–Reinforced Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites for Vibration Isolator Application: Morphology, Mechanical, and Thermal Assessment
Authors: Singh Komal , Jain Naman , Verma Akarsh , Singh V. K. , Chauhan Sakshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present investigation, cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was done to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of neat PVA. Furthermore, to specifically enhance the mechanical properties, functionalized graphite (via oxidative acidic treatment) particles were used as reinforcement material with varying weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) in the PVA domain. Fabricated samples are firstly examined by a water absorption test to confirm the formation of cross-linked bonds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to confirm the oxidative acid treatment to functionalize the graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surface of fabricated composites shows strong interfacial bonding taking place between the functionalized graphite and cross-linked PVA, which results in improved mechanical properties of fabricated composites. The maximum ultimate tensile strength is found at 1 wt. % of functionalized-graphite particle reinforcement, which is about 62.5 % higher than neat PVA. The thermal stability of composites was also enhanced with an increase in functionalized graphite particles weight percentage. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show a high value of damping coefficient (tan δ), which is about 0.573 for cross-linked PVA, which confirms a high damping character. Therefore, these materials could be potentially used to minimize noise transmission as a vibration isolator and shock absorber and in nanocoating applications.