bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What's in people's digital file collections?
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Julien Charles‐Antoine 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThoughtfully designing services and rigorously testing software to support personal information management (PIM) requires understanding the relevant collections, but relatively little is known about what people keep in their file collections, especially personal collections. Complementing recent work on the structure of 348 file collections, we examine those collections' contents, how much content is duplicated, and how collections used for personal matters differ from those used for study and work. Though all collections contain many images, some intuitively common file types are surprisingly scarce. Personal collections contain more audio than others, knowledge workers' collections contain more text documents but far fewer folders, and IT collections exhibit unusual traits. Collection duplication is correlated to collections' structural traits, but surprisingly, not to collection age. We discuss our findings in light of prior works and provide implications for various kinds of information research.
The role of calcium in the interaction between calmodulin and a minimal functional construct of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase
Authors: Lee Kwangwoon , Kumar Eric A. , Dalby Kevin N. , Ghose Ranajeet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF‐2K) regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF‐2), thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing global translational elongation rates. eEF‐2K is regulated by calmodulin (CaM) through a mechanism that is distinct from that of other CaM‐regulated kinases. We had previously identified a minimal construct of eEF‐2K (TR) that is activated similarly to the wild‐type enzyme by CaM in vitro and retains its ability to phosphorylate eEF‐2 efficiently in cells. Here, we employ solution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques relying on Ile δ1‐methyls of TR and Ile δ1‐ and Met ε‐methyls of CaM, as probes of their mutual interaction and the influence of Ca2+ thereon. We find that in the absence of Ca2+, CaM exclusively utilizes its C‐terminal lobe (CaMC) to engage the N‐terminal CaM‐binding domain (CBD) of TR in a high‐affinity interaction. Avidity resulting from additional weak interactions of TR with the Ca2+‐loaded N‐terminal lobe of CaM (CaMN) at increased Ca2+ levels serves to enhance the affinity further. These latter interactions under Ca2+ saturation result in minimal perturbations in the spectra of TR in the context of its complex with CaM, suggesting that the latter is capable of driving TR to its final, presumably active conformation, in the Ca2+‐free state. Our data are consistent with a scenario in which Ca2+ enhances the affinity of the TR/CaM interactions, resulting in the increased effective concentration of the CaM‐bound species without significantly modifying the conformation of TR within the final, active complex.
Volatile emissions of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) leaves and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Silva Marcela F , Campos Vicente P , Barros Aline F , Terra Willian C , Pedroso Márcio P , Gomes Vanessa A , Ribeiro Clerio R , Silva Fabíola J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with several functions, including toxicity to plant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs). However, the toxicity of VOCs from watercress leaves (Nasturtium officinale) and passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis) against PPNs has not yet been studied.RESULTSBiofumigation with watercress leaves and passion fruit seeds reduced the infectivity and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants. The VOCs emitted by watercress leaves and passion fruit seeds caused immobility of M. incognita second‐stage juveniles (J2). The reduction in infectivity and reproduction of M. incognita reached 89% and 99%, respectively, when J2 were exposed to watercress VOCs. Additionally, water exposed to VOCs emitted by watercress caused 79% M. incognita J2 mortality. The volatilome of the toxic water contained 12 compounds, mainly alcohols. The emissions from watercress leaves and passion fruit seeds contained 26 and 12 compounds, respectively, according to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The 1‐octanol occurring in watercress emissions demonstrated in vitro and in vivo nematicidal activity against M. incognita, with a lethal dose necessary to cause 50% mortality (LC50) of 382.5 μg mL−1.CONCLUSIONSWatercress leaf and passion fruit seed macerates emitted VOCs with nematicidal activity against M. incognita. The compound 1‐octanol identified in watercress emissions may be useful for the nematicide‐producing industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust partial integrated guidance and control approaches for maneuvering targets
Authors: Ji Yi , Lin Defu , Pei Pei , Shi Xingwei , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA novel observer‐controller framework algorithm based on barrier Lyapunov function and second‐order sliding mode control is presented, which can drive the first‐ and second‐order states of the typical second‐order dynamics subject to unknowns and uncertainties simultaneously converge to zero in finite time. The obtained results are applied in the designs of two partial integrated guidance and control laws for an aerodynamic control interceptor against maneuvering targets: one is for zeroing line‐of‐sight angular rate and the other is for hit‐to‐kill. Owing to the inherent properties of different bandwidth and time delay between control commands and missile dynamics, partial guidance and control is separated with two loops. The outer loop achieves the target maneuvers and generates the control command, and the inner loop is used to track it. Moreover, to overcome the excessive differentiation problem of conventional backstepping design, two integral Lyapunov functions are introduced, which avoid the differentiation of the virtual control laws. Finally, detailed stability discussion and simulation results of the proposed partial guidance and control approaches demonstrate these properties.
Adaptive control for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems under false data injection attacks through sensor networks
Authors: Ren Xiu‐Xiu , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper considers the adaptive control problem for a class of nonlinear cyber‐physical systems with unknown nonlinearities and false data injection attacks, where the sensors are corrupted by attackers. To mitigate the effects caused by the considered attacks, a novel coordinate transformation is developed in the backstepping control design. In addition, to deal with the multiple unknown time‐varying state feedback gains caused by the sensor attacks, the new types of Nussbaum functions are introduced in the adaptive control. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed control scheme can guarantee all the closed‐loop system signals globally bounded. Finally, the examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In Vitro Investigation of Controlled Release of Ciprofloxacin and Its β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex from Gelatin Grafted Poly(vinyl alcohol) (GPVA) Nanoparticles
Authors: Tanwar Archana G. , Date Pranjali B. , Ottoor Divya P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractControlled drug delivery is one of the probable answers to different problems associated with conventional dosing regimens. Ciprofloxacin (CFX) is an antibiotic, signifying second generation fluoroquinolone which is active against wide‐ranges of microbes. Due to low solubility and bioavailability, it requires a controlled release device for its delivery. An attempt has been made in the present work to develop gelatin grafted poly (vinyl alcohol) (GPVA) hydrogel nanoparticle and study the release behaviour of CFX when incorporated as β‐cyclodextrin CFX inclusion complex and pure CFX. GPVA hydrogel nanoparticles were prepared using two‐step desolvation method and characterized using FTIR, DLS, SEM, and XRD. The in‐vitrorelease at different physiological pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 showed a controlled release of drug from the system when gelatin is grafted with PVA and when an inclusion complex of the drug is introduced in the polymer system. The release kinetic followed zero order with non Fickian Super case II transport mechanism.
Oxygen Vacancies Enhance Triethylamine Sensing Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Meng Xiaoning , Yao Mengxia , Mu Shifang , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) (designated as IWBT) were synthesized via a combined hydrothermal route and ice‐water bath stirring method. In addition, another SnO2 nanoparticles (designated as RTT) were prepared by the room temperature stirring synthesis and subsequent hydrothermal process. The morphology and composition of the as‐obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. It was found that IWBT contained much more surface oxygen vacancies defects than RTT. The synthesized IWBT exhibited outstanding gas sensing properties toward triethylamine (TEA) at 260 °C, such as high response, significant selectivity, low detection limit and excellent repeatability. According to the results of experiments, the response of as‐prepared IWBT sensor could reach to 2701.36 when exposed to 500 ppm TEA, which was far higher than the as‐prepared RTT sensor (748.10). The excellent sensing characteristics of IWBT could be attributed to the abundant OVs that could improve the O2 adsorptivity and electron transfer capability of SnO2. Thus, IWBT supplied a rational strategy to enhance the gas sensing performances of TEA gas sensors.
Novel Brønsted‐Lewis Acid Heterogeneous Catalyst: Functionalized Imidazolium Ferric Salts@SBA‐15 for Efficient Production of Biodiesel
Authors: Yue Chengguang , Zhang Pingbo , Wu Hao , Fan Mingming , Jiang Pingping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBrønsted‐Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst functionalized imidazolium ferric salts@SBA‐15 ([DSIM][FeCl4]/SBA‐15) with large specific surface and mesoporous structure was designed and prepared to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid with methanol for yielding biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester). The as‐prepared catalyst showed good catalytic performance with 98.2% conversion of oleic acid under the optimal reaction conditions: the molar ratio of methanol and oleic acid was 10:1 and the amount of catalyst was 5% of oleic acid mass, 4 h and 70 °C. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, N2 adsorption‐desorption, Pyridine‐adsorbed FT‐IR, Thermogravimetric analysis, Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that imidazolium ferric salt was successfully loaded onto the surface of SBA‐15 and the catalyst retained the mesoporous structure of the support. The catalyst [DSIM][FeCl4]/SBA‐15 still performed over 85.5% of conversion after 5 reaction cycles, which indicated its good stability and reusability.
Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 6‐(2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐yl)‐5‐azaspiro[2.4]heptanes
Authors: Zhan Shao‐Cong , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe base catalyzed aldol condensation of various N‐benzylisatins with 1‐acetyl‐N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides resulted in functionalized 3‐hydroxyoxindolin‐2‐ones in high yields, which were in turn successfully transferred to functionalized 6‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)‐5‐azaspiro[2.4]heptanes in acetic acid in the presence of the concentrated hydrochloric acid by sequential acid catalyzed dehydration and aza‐Michael addition process. The 1H NMR spectra and the single crystal structure indicated that the obtained functionalized 6‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)‐5‐azaspiro[2.4]heptanes have a S,S‐configuration.
A Novel Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen Based Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Sensor for Ratiometric Determination of Rhodamine B in Food Samples
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Hou Liyu , Shan Fangjian , Zhang Zuoliang , Li Yajing , Liu Yiqing , Peng Qiuchen , He Juan , Li Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroducing aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) to fluorescence sensors will endow them with outstanding luminescence properties in aggregated state or solid state, which is an effective strategy for developing polymer‐based fluorescence sensors. Herein, a novel fluorescence sensor of TPE‐A‐MIPs was developed by introducing an AIEgen as the fluorescence signal part into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs in this sensor served as a polymeric artificial receptor to Rhodamine B (RhB), which offered high selectivity. TPE‐A‐MIPs also showed excellent sensitivity with ratiometric fluorescence response to RhB. A detection limit of 1.41 μmol/L with the linear range in 0.0‐10.0 μmol/L was obtained. Furthermore, TPE‐A‐MIPs was successfully applied in detecting RhB in real food samples with satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviations. This work not only demonstrated the feasibility of introducing AIEgens into MIPs to develop fluorescence sensors, but also greatly expanded the potential applications of AIEgens and MIPs in the field of fluorescence detection.
Optimale Hydrolysenbedingungen für Weizenkleber
Authors: Prey V. , Maier L. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungZur Gewinnung von Glutaminsäure werden die optimalen Bedingungen für die Hydrolyse von Weizenklebern untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch Verwendung von Bromwasserstoffsäure stark erhöht werden kann. Zur Kontrolle der Reihenuntersuchungen wurde eine Schnellbestimmung für Glutaminsäure ausgearbeitet.
Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Frage der Verwendung von windgesichtetem Weizenmehl in der Stärkeindustrie
Authors: Honsch W. M. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Zusammenhang mit englischen Arbeiten über Windsichtung von Weizenmehlen wurde über weitere Erfahrungen mit windgesichtetem südaustralischen Hartweizenmehl berichtet. Solche Mehle erwiesen sich als für die Windsichtung ungeeignet, da die Klebeanreicherung nur ungenügend war. Die Feinfraktion wurde auf ihre Eignung für die Stärkefabrikation untersucht und ebenfalls für ungeeignet befunden.
Ausgewählte Beispiele aus der Physiologie des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels und seiner Pathologie im Kindesalter: Glykogenspeicherkrankheit und Galaktosämie
Authors: Hövels O. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie menschliche Pathologie kennt eine Anzahl von Krankheiten, die allein dadurch entstehen, daß die chemische Struktur einzelner Körperbausteine von der normalen abweieht. Man kann derartige Krankheiten mit Pauling Molekularkrankheiten nennen. Da Änderungen oder Ausfall von Enzymaktivitäten Ursache der strukturellen Ahweichung sind, hat man für Krankheiten dieser Art die Sammelbezeichnung Enzymopathien vorgeschlagen. Als Beispiele für Molekularkrankheiten werden zwei verschiedene Formen der Glykogenspeicherkrankheit (Glykogenose) angeführt.Bei dem einen Typ fehlt das Ferment, das beim Glykogenabbau die 1,6‐glykosidischen Bindungen an den Verzweigsstellen abbaut, die Amylo‐1,6‐Glukosidase. Als Folge eines gestörten Glykogenabbaus wird ein pathologisches Glykogenmolekül im Körper gespeichert. Bei einem anderen Typ dieses Krankheitsbildes ist offenbar das Enzym, das die Verzweigungen der Glukoseketten im Glykogenmolekül veranlaßt (Amylo‐1,4‐1,6‐Transglukosidase), nicht genügend aktiv oder gar nicht vorhanden. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein langkettiges Glykogen, das von den normalen Fermenten der Glykogenolyse nicht angegriffen werden kann und im Organismus offenbar als Fremdkör per wirkt.In der Gruppe der Enzymopathien gibt es auch andere Arten von Krankheitsbildern. Sie entstehef dann, wenn ein Fermentausfall eine Stoffwechselkette unterbricht. Krankheitssymptome können als Folge dieser Blockierung dadurch entstehen, daß die Substanz, die dem ausgefallenen Ferment in der Stoffwechselkette folgt, fehlt oder in zu geringen Mengen vorhanden ist. Auf diese Weise sind eine ganze Reihe von Symptomen bei der dritten und häufigsten Forrn der Glykogenose zu erklären, bei der die Glukose‐6‐Phosphataseaktivität in Leber und Nieren fehlt oder sehr niedrig ist. Auf diese Weise kommt es zur Speicherung eines normal konfigurierten Glykogens, aus dem jedoch nicht in genügender Menge Glukose freigesetzt werden kann.Andererseits können auch dann Krankheitserscheinungen auftreten, wenn sich in Folge des Fermentausfalles, das Substrat des Fermentes im Organismus anreichert und toxisch wirkt. Als Beispiel hierfür wird die Galaktosämie angeführt. Ehe Galaktose im menschlichen Körper verwertet werden kann, muß sie in Glukose umgewandelt werden. Dies erfolgt unter der Einwirkung zweier Fermente. Fehlt das Ferment (Galaktose‐l‐Phosphat‐Uridyl‐Transferase), das die Galaktose in die zur Umwandlung notwendige Stoffwechselkette einschleust kommt es zur Anreicherung der Galaktose im Körper. Diese führt ihrerseits zur irreversiblen Schädigung bestimmter Gewebe.
Solubility pattern of various starches obtained refractometrically
Authors: Radley I. A. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFully swollen starch pastes have a refractometric reading similar to that of an equivalent concentration of glucose. Assuming that starch in solution gives a similar refraction to that of glucose the refractometer was used to follow the liberation of soluble material from the granules on swelling in hot water. The results appear to indicate the readiness with which different starches liberate their soluble material and that different granules reach this critical limit at fairly definite temperatures. These observations might be employed in certain cases in routine factory control methods even if, in their incompleted state, they are not capable of strict academic interpretation.
Distribution and Life History of Spawning Capelin in Subarctic Alaska
Authors: Ressel Kirsten N. , Bell Jenefer L. , Sutton Trent M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCapelin Mallotus villosus is a coldwater, marine forage fish that responds quickly to environmental fluctuations; however, little is known about Capelin in Alaskan waters. The objective of the current study was to better understand the distribution and life history of spawning Capelin in northern Norton Sound, Alaska. Surveys were conducted from May through July 2018 to locate and estimate the size of nearshore Capelin aggregations prior to spawning, identify the location and timing of spawning events, characterize spawning habitat, and collect actively spawning fish to examine life history characteristics (e.g., body size, age, fecundity, etc.). Most (85.9%) of the nearshore aggregations were less than 12 m2 in surface area. Spawning Capelin were collected in Norton Sound between June 15 and June 21. At spawning locations, gravel and coarse sand accounted for over 70% of the proportional weight of sediment collected within a beach, and all sediment samples contained Capelin eggs. Spawning males were larger than spawning females in TL (mean ± SD = 148.8 ± 6.7 mm versus 137.0 ± 8.4 mm, respectively) and total weight (21.2 ± 2.9 g versus 13.7 ± 3.0 g), and both sexes were predominately age 3 (age range = 2–4 years). Absolute fecundity was 9,219 ± 4,529 eggs, and the gonadosomatic index was 1.09 ± 0.32% for males and 21.69 ± 8.21% for females. Nearshore aggregation sizes in Norton Sound were smaller than those reported for Newfoundland, but spawning behavior, timing, and water conditions were similar to observations from other Capelin spawning regions (e.g., Greenland), as were size, age, fecundity, and gonadosomatic index estimates. Although the results from the current study update baseline information on spawning Capelin in northern Norton Sound, continued research on their distribution and life history is needed to better understand ecosystem function in the North Pacific Ocean.
Expanding Ethics Justice Across Borders: The Role of Global Philosophy
Authors: Bombaerts Gunter , Jenkins Kirsten , Sanusi Yekeen A. , Guoyu Wang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur energy systems are truly international, and yet even now, our energy policies tend to be grounded at the national level and in many instances, remain ill-equipped to tackle transboundary energy issues. Our energy policy systems are also largely detached from the concerns of ethics or justice. It follows that we must find new and innovative ways of not conceptualising these normative issues, but of operationalising response to them. This book stems from the emergent gap: the need for comparative approaches to energy justice, and for those that consider non-Western ethical traditions. Opening the edited volume, this chapter begins by giving context to the concept of “energy justice” itself and outlines our comparative philosophical approach to it, focusing specifically on “global philosophy” for its role in dialectically engaging with philosophies from around the world. We then show how the different chapters of the volume contribute to this purpose in four parts: setting the scene, practice, applying theory to practice and theoretical approaches. The final section of this chapter concludes with reflections on the contribution of global philosophy approaches to energy justice as with a set of future research recommendations. Through these recommendations, and all of those within, we position the book as one that contributes to energy justice scholarship across borders of nations, borders of ways of thinking and borders of disciplines.
Exploring Marginalization and Exclusion in Renewable Energy Development in Africa: A Perspective from Western Individualism and African Ubuntu Philosophy
Authors: Sanusi Yekeen A. , Spahn Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this chapter are to understand the ethical principles that are relevant to the achievement of energy justice; to explore energy marginalization in Africa and to analyse this marginalization from the perspectives of Western and Ubuntu ethics; to underscore the violation of ethics in renewable energy deployment; and to find means of addressing energy injustice through proper application of the respective ethical principles. Part of the data for the study were sourced from the reports of the Renewable Energy for Twenty-First Century (REN21).
Multicomponent, nonpharmacological delirium interventions for older inpatients
Authors: Eckstein Claudia , Burkhardt Heinrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Older people represent a risk group for acquiring or further development of delirium during hospitalization, therefore requiring suitable nonpharmacological delirium interventions.

Objective
This scoping review analyzed nonpharmacological intervention programs for older inpatients with or without cognitive decline on regular or acute geriatric wards to present the range of interventions.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases. A total of 4652 records were screened by two independent reviewers, leaving 81 eligible articles for full-text screening and 25 studies were finally included. Inclusion criteria were older patients ≥65 years in regular or acute geriatric wards and nonpharmacological multicomponent interventions.

Results
More than a half of the included studies (14, 56%) recruited patients with pre-existing cognitive decline as part of the study population and 12% focused exclusively on patients with cognitive decline. On average 11 intervention components were integrated in the programs and two programs included full coverage of all 18 identified components.

Conclusion
Only few programs were described for older inpatients and even fewer regarding pre-existing cognitive decline. The low numbers of interventions and data heterogeneity restricted the assessment of outcomes; however, delirium incidence, as reported by two thirds of the studies was reduced by nonpharmacological multicomponent interventions.