bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of aligned porous polyethylene glycol/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yang Yuchao , Feng Yanting , Qu Rongmei , Li Qingtao , Rong Dongming , Fan Tingyu , Yang Yiting , Sun Bing , Bi Zhenyu , Khan Asmat Ullah , Deng Ting , Dai Jingxing , Ouyang Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The physical factors of the extracellular matrix have a profound influence on the differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of the biophysical microenvironment on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
To prepare cell culture scaffolds of varying stiffness, increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were mixed into a polyethylene glycol/silk fibroin (PEG/SF) solution. The amount of HAp ranged from 25 to 100 mg, which provided for different ratios between HAp and the PEG/SF composite. In vitro, the effect of stiffness on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was studied. The outcome measures, which were verified in vivo, included the protein expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related markers.

Results
Increasing amounts of HAp resulted in an increased elastic modulus of the cell culture scaffolds. The PEG/SF/HAp fabricated with HAp (50 mg) significantly increased cell adhesion and viability (p < 0.05) as well as the expression of all the osteogenesis-related markers (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
We developed a novel cell culture scaffold and demonstrated that substrate stiffness influenced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs.
ReactionCode: format for reaction searching, analysis, classification, transform, and encoding/decoding
Authors: Delannée Victorien , Nicklaus Marc C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades a lot of different formats for molecules and reactions have been created. These formats were mostly developed for the purposes of identifiers, representation, classification, analysis and data exchange. A lot of efforts have been made on molecule formats but only few for reactions where the endeavors have been made mostly by companies leading to proprietary formats. Here, we present ReactionCode: a new open-source format that allows one to encode and decode a reaction into multi-layer machine readable code, which aggregates reactants and products into a condensed graph of reaction (CGR). This format is flexible and can be used in a context of reaction similarity searching and classification. It is also designed for database organization, machine learning applications and as a new transform reaction language.
Evaluation of [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography as a potential method for quantifying glutamine synthetase activity in the human brain
Authors: Egerton Alice , Dunn Joel T. , Singh Nisha , Yu Zilin , O’Doherty Jim , Koychev Ivan , Webb Jessica , Claridge Simon , Turkheimer Federico E. , Marsden Paul K. , Hammers Alexander , Gee Antony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe conversion of synaptic glutamate to glutamine in astrocytes by glutamine synthetase (GS) is critical to maintaining healthy brain activity and may be disrupted in several brain disorders. As the GS catalysed conversion of glutamate to glutamine requires ammonia, we evaluated whether [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) could reliability quantify GS activity in humans.MethodsIn this test–retest study, eight healthy volunteers each received two dynamic [13N]ammonia PET scans on the morning and afternoon of the same day. Each [13N]ammonia scan was preceded by a [15O]water PET scan to account for effects of cerebral blood flow (CBF).ResultsConcentrations of radioactive metabolites in arterial blood were available for both sessions in five of the eight subjects. Our results demonstrated that kinetic modelling was unable to reliably distinguish estimates of the kinetic rate constantk3(related to GS activity) fromK1(related to [13N]ammonia brain uptake), and indicated a non-negligible back-flux of [13N] to blood (k2). Model selection favoured a reversible one-tissue compartmental model, and [13N]ammoniaK1correlated reliably (r2 = 0.72–0.92) with [15O]water CBF.ConclusionThe [13N]ammonia PET method was unable to reliably estimate GS activity in the human brain but may provide an alternative index of CBF.
Opportunities for diversifying and enriching our article mix
Authors: Rosen Bruce , Schoenbaum Stephen C. , Israeli Avi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs 2020 comes to a close, the Israel Journal of Health Policy Research (IJHPR) will soon be starting its tenth year of publication. This editorial compares data from 2012 (the journal’s first year of publication) and 2019 (the journal’s most recent full year of publication), regarding the journal’s mix of article types, topics, data sources and methods, with further drill-downs regarding 2019.The analysis revealed several encouraging findings, including a broad and changing mix of topics covered. However, the analysis also revealed several findings that are less encouraging, including the limited number of articles which assessed national policy changes, examined changes over time, and/or made secondary use of large-scale survey data. These findings apparently reflect, to some extent, the mix of studies being carried out by Israeli health services researchers.As the senior editors of the IJHPR we are interested in working with funders, academic institutions, the owners and principal users of relevant administrative databases, and individual scholars to further understand the factors influencing the mix of research being carried out, and subsequently published, by Israel’s health services research community. This deeper understanding could then be used to develop a joint plan to diversify and enrich health services research and health policy analysis in Israel. The plan should include a policy of ensuring improved access to data, to properly support information-based research.
Binaural speaker identification using the equalization-cancelation technique
Authors: Geravanchizadeh Masoud , Ghalamiosgouei Sina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn real applications, environmental effects such as additive noise and room reverberation lead to a mismatch between training and testing signals that substantially reduces the performance of far-field speaker identification. As a solution to this mismatch problem, in this paper, a new binaural speaker identification system is proposed which employs the well-known equalization-cancelation technique in its structure. The equalization-cancelation algorithm is employed to enhance the input test speech and alleviate the detrimental effects of noise and reverberation in the speaker identification system. The performance of the proposed speaker identification system is compared with unprocessed identification systems and a traditional binaural speaker identification system from the literature. The proposed system is evaluated in both anechoic and reverberant conditions using different types of noise at various azimuthal positions. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method in all experimental conditions.
Emotion processing in depression and anxiety disorders in older adults: systematic review
Authors: Gray Vanessa , Douglas Katie M. , Porter Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEmotional cognition and effective interpretation of affective information is an important factor in social interactions and everyday functioning, and difficulties in these areas may contribute to aetiology and maintenance of mental health conditions. In younger people with depression and anxiety, research suggests significant alterations in behavioural and brain activation aspects of emotion processing, with a tendency to appraise neutral stimuli as negative and attend preferentially to negative stimuli. However, in ageing, research suggests that emotion processing becomes subject to a ‘positivity effect’, whereby older people attend more to positive than negative stimuli.AimsThis review examines data from studies of emotion processing in Late-Life Depression and Late-Life Anxiety to attempt to understand the significance of emotion processing variations in these conditions, and their interaction with changes in emotion processing that occur with ageing.MethodWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles that used an emotion-based processing task, examined older persons with depression or an anxiety disorder and included a healthy control group were included.ResultsIn Late-Life Depression, there is little consistent behavioural evidence of impaired emotion processing, but there is evidence of altered brain circuitry during these processes. In Late-Life Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, there is evidence of interference with processing of negative or threat-related words.ConclusionsHow these findings fit with the positivity bias of ageing is not clear. Future research is required in larger groups, further examining the interaction between illness and age and the significance of age at disease onset.
Diabetes Remission Status During Seven-year Follow-up of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study
Authors: Purnell Jonathan Q , Dewey Elizabeth N , Laferrère Blandine , Selzer Faith , Flum David R , Mitchell James E , Pomp Alfons , Pories Walter J , Inge Thomas , Courcoulas Anita , Wolfe Bruce M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics that predict durable, long-term diabetes remission after bariatric surgery.

Objective
To compare diabetes prevalence and remission rates during 7-year follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB).

Design
An observational cohort of adults with severe obesity recruited between 2006 and 2009 who completed annual research assessments for up to 7 years after RYGB or LAGB.

Setting
Ten US hospitals.

Participants
A total sample of 2256 participants, 827 with known diabetes status at both baseline and at least 1 follow-up visit.

Interventions
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or LAGB.

Main Outcome Measures
Diabetes rates and associations of patient characteristics with remission status.

Results
Diabetes remission occurred in 57% (46% complete, 11% partial) after RYGB and 22.5% (16.9% complete, 5.6% partial) after LAGB. Following both procedures, remission was greater in younger participants and those with shorter diabetes duration, higher C-peptide levels, higher homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA %B), and lower insulin usage at baseline, and with greater postsurgical weight loss. After LAGB, reduced HOMA insulin resistance (IR) was associated with a greater likelihood of diabetes remission, whereas increased HOMA-%B predicted remission after RYGB. Controlling for weight lost, diabetes remission remained nearly 4-fold higher compared with LAGB.

Conclusions
Durable, long-term diabetes remission following bariatric surgery is more likely when performed soon after diagnosis when diabetes medication burden is low and beta-cell function is preserved. A greater weight-independent likelihood of diabetes remission after RYGB than LAGB suggests mechanisms beyond weight loss contribute to improved beta-cell function after RYGB.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00465829.
A Myristic Acid/n-Dodecyltrimethoxysilane Bilayer Coating on Magnesium Alloy with Corrosion-Inhibition Bionic Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Wan Hongri , Ju Xinzhe , He Tiantian , Shen Xiran , Yu Haoren , Lu Yunlong , Li Jiangnan , Chen Teng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A superhydrophobic bilayer surface was created with a contact angle (CA) of 157.3 ± 1° and sliding angle (SA) of 2° ± 0.5° using a simple one-step solvothermal process. The bionic micro/nano structures are similar to the flower of a carnation and common sowthistle, which plays an important role in resisting corrosion. In addition, potentiodynamic polarization shows that the superhydrophobic bilayer surface has excellent corrosion resistance. This preparation is beneficial as it is simple to fabricate, low cost, is easily prepared across large areas, and has excellent corrosion resistance, amongst other benefits. It can effectively broaden the application of magnesium alloys and extend to other conductive metal materials.
Mobile Learning As a Way of Forming Foreign Language Lexical Competence of Students of Non-Linguistic Specialties
Authors: Ovezova U. , Vagner M.-N.L. 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to analyze the possibilities of mobile learning in the formation of foreign language lexical competence of students of non-linguistic specialties.
Research objectives: to explore the possibilities of mobile learning in the formation of foreign language communicative competence of students of higher education institutions in general and lexical competence in particular; to determine the theoretical and methodological conditions for the formation of foreign language lexical competence of students using mobile devices; to carry out an experimental test of the effectiveness of the use of mobile applications in foreign language classes; provide recommendations on the creation of mobile applications focused on the specifics of the future professional activities of students.
The research results can be used in practice when creating mobile foreign language teaching tools for students of non-linguistic specialties.
Interferon gamma release assay tests are associated with persistence and completion of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in the United States: Evidence from commercial insurance data
Authors: Stockbridge Erica L. , Loethen Abiah D. , Annan Esther , Miller Thaddeus L. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Risk-targeted testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a critical component of the United States’ (US) tuberculosis (TB) elimination strategy, but relatively low treatment completion rates remain a challenge. Both treatment persistence and completion may be facilitated by diagnosing LTBI using interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) rather than tuberculin skin tests (TST).

Methods
We used a national sample of administrative claims data to explore associations diagnostic test choice (TST, IGRA, TST with subsequent IGRA) and treatment persistence and completion in persons initiating a daily dose isoniazid LTBI treatment regimen in the US private healthcare sector between July 2011 and March 2014. Associations were analyzed with a generalized ordered logit model (completion) and a negative binomial regression model (persistence).

Results
Of 662 persons initiating treatment, 327 (49.4%) completed at least the 6-month regimen and 173 (26.1%) completed the 9-month regimen; 129 (19.5%) persisted in treatment one month or less. Six-month completion was least likely in persons receiving a TST (42.2%) relative to persons receiving an IGRA (55.0%) or TST then IGRA (67.2%; p = 0.001). Those receiving an IGRA or a TST followed by an IGRA had higher odds of completion compared to those receiving a TST (aOR = 1.59 and 2.50; p = 0.017 and 0.001, respectively). Receiving an IGRA or a TST and subsequent IGRA was associated with increased treatment persistence relative to TST (aIRR = 1.14 and 1.25; p = 0.027 and 0.009, respectively).

Conclusions
IGRA use is significantly associated with both higher levels of LTBI treatment completion and treatment persistence. These differences are apparent both when IGRAs alone were administered and when IGRAs were administered subsequent to a TST. Our results suggest that IGRAs contribute to more effective LTBI treatment and consequently individual and population protections against TB.
Risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage after intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator and gas injection for submacular hemorrhage associated with age related macular degeneration
Authors: Lim Jun Hyun , Han Yong Seop , Lee Sang Joon , Nam Ki Yup 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
We investigated risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage (VH) after an intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and gas injection in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods
The medical records of patients diagnosed with SMH associated with AMD who received an intravitreal tPA (50 μg/0.05 mL) and perfluoropropane gas (0.3 mL) injection were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed the associations of breakthrough VH with age, sex, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, AMD subtype, accompanying sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hemorrhage, history of cataract surgery, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, history of drinking and smoking, and history of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication. We also examined the relationships between various parameters, including the area ratio of the SMH to the optic disc (AHD) and the height of the SMH obtained from optical coherence tomography.

Results
In total, 52 eyes from 52 patients were enrolled in this study; 16 eyes (30%) showed breakthrough VH. The proportions of patients with a current smoking history were 75.0% in the VH group and 22.2% in the non-VH group (p = 0.010). Other factors did not differ significantly between the two groups. The proportion of cases with accompanying sub-RPE hemorrhage was 50.0% and 58.3% in the VH and non-VH groups, respectively (p = 0.763). The AHD (p = 0.001) and SMH height (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the VH group. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off values of AHD and SMH height were 20.1 and 1208 μm, respectively. According to logistic regression analysis, when the AHD and SMH height were greater than the individual cut-off values, the odds ratio of VH increased by 10.286 fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.452–43.148; p = 0.001) and 75.400 fold (95% CI, 7.991–711.441; p < 0.001), respectively, with respect to their respective reference groups (less than the cut-off value). Among the significant factors associated with VH occurrence, including current smoking, AHD, and SMH height, only current smoking and SMH height were found to be significant in multiple regression analysis (p = 0.040, 0.016).

Conclusions
The incidence of breakthrough VH was significantly higher in those with current smoking status and for SMH with a larger AHD and greater height. The height of the SMH was more predictable of the possibility of VH than AHD.
U-shaped-aggressiveness of SARS-CoV-2: Period between initial symptoms and clinical progression to COVID-19 suspicion. A population-based cohort study
Authors: Morgenstern-Kaplan Dan , Buitano-Tang Bruno , Martínez-Gil Mercedes , Zaldívar-Pérez Pavón Andrea , Talavera Juan O. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Early identification of different COVID-19 clinical presentations may depict distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and guide management strategies.

Objective
To determine the aggressiveness of SARS-CoV-2 using symptom progression in COVID-19 patients.

Design
Historic cohort study of Mexican patients. Data from January-April 2020 were provided by the Health Ministry.

Setting
Population-based. Patients registered in the Epidemiologic Surveillance System in Mexico.

Participants
Subjects who sought medical attention for clinical suspicion of COVID-19. All patients were subjected to RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2.

Measurements
We measured the Period between initial symptoms and clinical progression to COVID-19 suspicion (PISYCS) and compared it to the primary outcomes (mortality and pneumonia).

Results
65,500 patients were included. Reported fatalities and pneumonia were 2176 (3.32%), and 11568 (17.66%), respectively. According to the PISYCS, patients were distributed as follows: 14.89% in <24 hours, 43.25% between 1–3 days, 31.87% between 4–7 days and 9.97% >7 days. The distribution for mortality and pneumonia was 5.2% and 22.5% in <24 hours, 2.5% and 14% between 1–3 days, 3.6% and 19.5% between 4–7 days, 4.1% and 20.6% >7 days, respectively (p<0.001). Adjusted-risk of mortality was (OR [95% CI], p-value): <24 hours = 1.75 [1.55–1.98], p<0.001; 1–3 days = 1 (reference value); 4–7 days = 1.53 [1.37–1.70], p<0.001; >7 days = 1.67 [1.44–1.94], p<0.001. For pneumonia: <24 hours = 1.49 [1.39–1.58], p<0.001; 1–3 days = 1; 4–7 days = 1.48 [1.41–1.56], p<0.001; >7 days = 1.57 [1.46–1.69], p<0.001.

Limitations
Using a database fed by large numbers of people carries the risk of data inaccuracy. However, this imprecision is expected to be random and data are consistent with previous studies.

Conclusion
The PISYCS shows a U-shaped SARS-CoV-2 aggressiveness pattern. Further studies are needed to corroborate the time-related pathophysiology behind these findings.
Association between forearm cortical bone properties and handgrip strength in women with distal radius fractures: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hong Seok Woo , Kang Jeong-Hyun , Kim Jong Seop , Gong Hyun Sik 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Mechanical and biochemical bone properties are influenced by muscles. However, the muscle-bone interaction has not been fully elucidated regarding the upper extremities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical muscle-bone interaction at the forearm by evaluating the relationship between the properties of three-dimensional (3D) forearm cortical bone models derived from conventional computed tomography (CT) images and handgrip strength (HGS).

Methods
A total of 108 women (mean age, 75.2 ± 9.4 years; range, 62–101 years) with a distal radius fracture who took conventional CT scans for the assessment of the fracture were included in this study. Distal radius 3D models were reconstructed and the average cortical bone density (Cd) and thickness (Ct) of the region of interest (ROI), which might be affected by the forearm flexor muscles, were calculated using a 3D modeling software. Clinical parameters including HGS, lumbar and hip bone mineral densities (BMDs), and other demographic factors were also obtained. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify relevant factors associated with HGS.

Results
HGS was found to be independently associated with height and Cd, but no significant difference was found between HGS and Ct, age, weight, as well as lumber and hip BMDs.

Conclusions
Cortical bone density might be associated with HGS, which is generated by the forearm flexor muscles. Hence, the mechanical muscle-bone interaction in the upper extremities could be supported by the present study.