bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory activity of Schrebera Swietenioides Roxb. in cream formulation on CD68 expression in mice skin wound
Authors: Sharma Piush , Singh Charanjeet 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Schrebera Swietenioides alcohol leaf extract in cream composition in the expression of immunoglobulin CD68 (macrophage) during the wound healing process in the inflammatory stage of mice skin.
Materials and Methods: Amount of 12 two-months-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. The mice were allotted into four groups of each, entire surface of each group wound covered by base cream control, sulfadiazine 0.1% cream, alcoholic leaves extract of Schrebera Swietenioides cream 10% and, 15%, respectively. All experiments were performed twice a day for 3 days. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological sections in immunohistochemical of the wounds. CD68 expression was investigated under a microscope.
Amount of 12-month-old male mice between 30 and 40 g was used. For surgical procedures, a 2.0 cm skin lesion was also performed under the skin on the vertebrae surrounding each animal. Treatment was performed under local anesthetic with procaine cream. Rats were assigned to four groups each, the entire surface of each group of lesions covered by control cream, 0.1% sulfadiazine cream, alcohol leaf from Schrebera Swietenioides cream respectively at 10% and at 15%. All tests were performed twice a day for 3 days. The lesions were analyzed in sections of tissue with staining of wound immunochemistry. The expression of CD68 was studied under a microscope.
Results: The results showed that the cream from the 10% and 15% alcoholic leaves extract of Schrebera Swietenioides revealed moderate immune reaction to CD68 on wound healing.
Conclusion: We concluded that the alcoholic leaves extract cream of Schrebera Swietenioides possesses anti-inflammatory activity in wound healing process of mice skin.
Medicinal Potential of Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn): A Review
Authors: Ahmad Nadeem , Nawab Mohammad , Kazmi M Husain 
Published: October 2019

Unani System of Medicine (USM) is being practised as traditional, alternative and complementary medicine in India and other countries. In this system of medicine, medicinal plants are extensively used in the treatment of various kind of diseases since time immemorial. Herbo-mineral origin drugs are the main components of Unani Pharmacopoeia. Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn) is one of the medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus), Ishāl-e- Damwī (haemorrhagic diarrhoea), Is’haal-i-Safrāwī (bilious diarrhoea), Ḍu‘f al-Ishtihā’(loss of appetite), Zaḥīr (dysentery) and Qulā (oral ulcer). In recent past its fruits, seeds, leaves, stem bark and its secondary metabolites have shown medicinal properties in various experimental and clinical studies. In this review we have tried to explore its ethno-botanical uses and pharmacological actions described in classical literature and scientific publications based on experimental studies. It is found that this plant plays an important role in prevention and management of non-communicable diseases such as Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus), Sarṭān (cancer), Niqris (gout), ischaemic heart disease etc. Several preclinical studies have revealed that it has Muḥallil-i- Awrām (anti-inflammatory), Muḥāfiẓ-i- Qalb (cardio protective), Dafi‘-i-Ḥummā (anti-pyretic) and Muqawwī-i-Jigar (hepatotonic) properties. It also possesses anti-diabetic potential activity and considered as a potent anti-diabetic plant.
Keywords: Unani, Jamun, Syzygium, Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective
Preparation and Characterization of Intramuscular PLGA Based Microsphere
Authors: Pathak Prateek , Paliwal Sarvesh 
Published: October 2019

The current studies was design and evaluate biodegradable PLGA microspheres for sustained or extended release, with primary goal of avoiding combination of oral therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia. PLGA copolymers 75:25 was used to prepare four microsphere formulations of anti-psychotic drug Olanzapine. The microspheres were characterized by in-vitro dissolution and other physio-chemical methods. A simulation of multiple dosing at weekly or 15-day regimen revealed pulsatile behavior for all formulations with steady state may be achieved by the second dose. Overall, the in-vitro study of Formulations 001, 002, 003, or 004 will eliminate the need for combination oral therapy and reduce time to achieve steady state, with a smaller washout period upon duration of therapy. Results of this study prove the suitability of using PLGA 75:25 copolymers of different composition and molecular weight to produce sustained or extended release formulations that can enhance pharmacological effectiveness for anti-psychotic intra-muscular administration of Olanzapine.
Keywords: sustained release, PLGA microspheres, Olanzapine
DEVELOPING SCREAMBLE MEDIA TO ENHANCE SPEAKING SKILL FOR PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Aryani Rosita 
Published: October 2019

This study aims to develop SCREAMBLE media to enhance speaking skill among preschoolers in Cahaya Bangsa School Metro. A research question is formulated: is SCREAMBLE media effective to enhance speaking skill? The participants are 18 preschoolers of Kindergarten B chosen by purposive cluster sampling. This is a kind of educational research and development designed by certain procedures; setting the instructional goals, procedures, and materials, conducting performance objectives, field-testing, assessing instruments, doing formulative and summative evaluation. The result gathered by Wilcoxon test represents Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) values 0,000 which is smaller than 0,05 indicates that SCREAMBLE media is effective to enhance speaking skill. Besides, observation reveals that preschoolers are excited to speak since their fine motor and cognitive aspects are included simultaneously.
Reflexões sobre a cobrança pelos serviços de gestão dos resíduos sólidos em municípios cearenses consorciados
Authors: Maia Carlos Vangerre de Almeida , Feitosa Anny Kariny , Rocha Vanessa Sandyla da Silva , Vidal Renata Saraiva , Alves Tiago Regis de Melo 
Published: October 2019

O Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos do Ceará (PERSCE) determina que, até 2020, 20% dos seus municípios estejam consorciados e realizem cobrança pelos serviços de manejo de resíduos sólidos desvinculadamente do Imposto Predial Territorial Urbano (IPTU). O Consórcio de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos – Vale do Jaguaribe (CGIRS-VJ) operará equipamentos de transbordo, transporte e disposição final por meio da iniciativa privada, cujo dispêndio poderá ser repassado aos usuários. Esse trabalho verificou se as variáveis sugeridas para a possível base de cálculo da cobrança do serviço na região estão entre as mais usuais; e comparou indicadores socioeconômicos dos entes do CGIRS-VJ (Grupo I) com de outros municípios igualmente consorciados e que já realizem a cobrança dessa maneira (Grupo II). Através do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento, identificou-se quais os municípios brasileiros estão consorciados e realizam a cobrança de maneira desvinculada do IPTU. As variáveis que compõem as bases de cálculo foram consultadas nas legislações municipais. Constatou-se que as variáveis sugeridas para compor a base de cálculo dos entes do CGIRS-VJ estão entre as mais recorrentes e há diferença significativa entre as médias do IDH e do PIB per capita dos integrantes do CGIRS-VJ, inferiores às médias dos municípios do Grupo II.
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade. Indicadores. Consórcios públicos.
Credentialing in Pharmacy Practice: Examining Pharmacist Views and Perceptions
Authors: Lee Sun , Dao Nancy , Hata Micah , Law Anandi 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Pharmacy practice has evolved to include direct patient care and interprofessional team models. Proper documentation of training and certification is required to verify eligibility for providing specialized services and for reimbursement.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess pharmacists’ views and perceptions on credentialing with respect to (1) familiarity and perceived importance of credentialing; (2) satisfaction with current credentialing tracking systems; and (3) challenges in adopting a centralized credentialing platform.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, survey design to examine pharmacist perceptions of credentialing. The survey, distributed by the American Pharmacists Association from November 18, 2017 to December 2, 2017, consisted of 11 demographic items and 22 items about familiarity, importance, satisfaction and current systems of credentialing in pharmacy practice. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and outcome variables. Content analysis was conducted on freeform responses.
Results: Data were analyzed from 446 (7.3%) completed surveys of the 6,144 distributed. Respondents were primarily represented by pharmacists from chain stores (29.6%), outpatient clinics (16.6%), and academic settings (15.2%). Job titles included staff pharmacist (33.9%), clinical pharmacist (21.3%), and manager positions (18.3%). Nine of 10 pharmacists reported familiarity with credentialing and considered credentialing as important to the pharmacy profession. Majority agreed with the importance of having a centralized online platform to store credentialing information (96.1%) and to obtain reimbursement (97.1%). Poor integration of data among different platforms (16%) was a common reason for dissatisfaction with current tracking systems. Most respondents (96.5%) were willing to provide information necessary for credentialing; however, over half were concerned about security of the information.
Conclusions: This study was among the first to examine pharmacist perceptions of credentialing. Pharmacists in this study were familiar with and responsive to participating in credentialing process. They were also supportive of having a centralized credentialing system, but held reservations about security of information.

Article Type: Original Research
Curriculum Development in Higher Education - from Theory to Practice at University of Education - Hanoi National University in the Context of University Autonomy Implementation
Authors: Yen Duong Thi Hoang , Huyen Nguyen Phuong , Ly Nguyen Thi Thanh , Duong Nghiem Thi 
Published: October 2019

In the trend of innovation and autonomy in higher education, curriculum development plays an important role for each university to affirm its quality and position. This paper argues that a new meaning for undergraduate Curriculum must be developed to reflect the University's autonomy, and ensure efficiency. This will require renewed discussion about many aspects of curriculum in higher education, from theory to practice. With that meaning, this paper also reflects the result of a study on the curriculum development of the University of Education (UED) - one of the member unit of Hanoi National University (VNU), in order to assess the degree of autonomy and effectiveness of the curriculum and proposing solutions to ensure the quality of training, realize the vision and mission of the University.
Enraizamiento de esquejes de Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) por quitosano como un bioproducto de origen marino.
Authors: López-Corona Betzabe Ebenhezer , Mondaca-Fernández Iram , Gortáres-Moroyoqui Pablo , Meza-Montenegro María Mercedes , Balderas-Cortés José De Jesús , Ruiz-Alvarado Cristina , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar 
Published: October 2019

The use of halophytes such as Salicornia bigelovii represents an alternative with economic potential for desert agriculture and coastal areas. However, the success in the establishment of commercial plots has been limited by the low germination percentages of this species. Propagation using plant cuttings represents a viable and rapid alternative to this problem. The formation of functional roots is fundamental in the propagation of plant cuttings and has been achieved through the application of chemical growth regulators. The application of chitosan in some crops has evidenced to be an alternative for the germination process and an enhancer of harvest performance; however, there are no studies that evaluate its effect on the halophyte S. bigelovii. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of marine-derived chitosan and indole butyric acid as root-promoting agents in cuttings of Salicornia bigelovii. The concentrations (individually and combined) of chitosan at 100 and 50% and indole butyric acid were applied at a rate of 0.937 and 1.25 g kg‑1. A completely randomized design of nine treatments and f ive repetitions was used and 225 experimental units were evaluated. The following variables were measured: root length, fresh weight and total dry weight of the root, and number and length of new shoots. The results showed that the most eff icient treatment was 100% chitosan + 0.937 g kg-1 indole butyric acid, promoting the production of photosynthetic shoots up to 800%. These results indicate that it is feasible to achieve the propagation of Salicornia by means of cuttings using marine-derived chitosan as a growth promoter.
Gas exchange and fluorescence of Brosimum alicastrum
Authors: Hernández-González Olivia , Vergara-Yoisura Silvia , Sulub-Tun Roger , Castillo-Chuc José Manuel , Larque-Saveedra Francisco Alfonso 
Published: October 2019

Gas exchange measurements were taken with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and chlorophyll fluorescence with a modulated amplitude pulse fluorimeter (Mini-PAM) on fully developed leaves of ramon (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) a tropical rainforest tree, grown in its natural habitat as to collect basic information of its physiological behavior. Data showed that maximum f ixation of CO2 was 5 µmol m-2 s-1, photosynthetic eff iciency was 0.67 while the photosystem II was found to saturate at a photonic flux density (PFD) of 500 µmol at 15 h. A high correlation was found between photosynthesis and transpiration. Highest water use eff iciency occurred after 15 hours at a temperature of 30 °C, while chlorophyll levels remained constant. This is a shade tolerant, plant species thus it was found that initiates the photosynthetic process with low levels of light, presenting a light compensation point of 24 µmol m-2 s-1. In a parallel study, the same variables were measured in two sets of individuals of the same specie collected from two distant localities but growth in pots in the open. Photosynthetic variables of this plant species data showed very similar patterns. The results obtained suggest that, during the daylight hours and at higher temperatures, this species can carry out photosynthesis with high water use eff iciency. Based on the results, the conclusion is that this plant species can adapt to a diversity of environmental conditions.
OBJECT MODEL USE FOR LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION DRIVE DESIGN
Authors: Космодамианский Андрей , Kosmodamianskiy Andrey , Антипин Дмитрий , Antipin Dmitriy , Маслов Максим , Maslov Maksim , Шевченко Дмитрий , Shevchenko Dmitriy 
Published: October 2019

The paper reports the consideration of the problem in choice and use of the locomotive traction drive design procedure giving possibilities both in properties and parts modeling, and in the automated identification of design solutions of latter. The object model of a design solution as a structure including the totality of object descriptions allowing the synthesis of engineering solution models as a multitude of interrelated elements described in the libraries of well-known designs.
The method differs from the earlier ones in which the creation of new solutions is stipulated by the definition of a prototype and then by its development in accordance with the tendencies revealed empirically. In the method developed the synthesis of a design object model is based on engineering system classifications.
The integrated object model of a traction drive involves two parts: first, the multitude hierarchy of the traction drive description for different methods of an engineering solution schematization, secondly, a library which has descriptions of standard objects in the form of a hierarchal structure of functional interaction between elements (I-graph). The search of similar objects in the library takes place at the level of the definition of drive functional elements with the aid of the matrices of similarity measures. There are given offers for the increase of reliability and loading capacity of a rubber-cord clutch of a locomotive traction drive. There are obtained three patents for utility models and an invention patent on the solutions offered.
PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN DAN KOMPENSASI EKSEKUTIF TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Nugroho Rahadi , Rosidy Devandanny 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of proportion of independent commissioner and executive’s compensation on tax aggressiveness. This research uses quantitative method by using panel data regression analysis. The population in this research is all financial sectors firm listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2014 - 2017. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling method and acquired 59 firms and 236 observations. The result of this study indicates that executive’s compensation has negative effect on tax aggressiveness. On the other hand, Proportion of independent commissioner has positive effect on tax aggressiveness.. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh proporsi komisaris independen dan kompensasi eksekutif terhadap agresivitas pajak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor jasa keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2014 sampai dengan 2017. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang menghasilkan sampel sebanyak 59 perusahaan dan 236 observasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan kompensasi eksekutif berpengaruh negatif terhadap agresivitas pajak. Sementara itu, proporsi komisaris independen berpengaruh positif terhadap agresivitas pajak.
PERAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI KOMUNIKATOR PEMBANGUNAN PEDULI LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Nuraflah Cut Alma 
Published: October 2019

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan peran masyarakat sebagai komunikator pembangunan peduli lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan secara kualitatif, berlokasi di Kelurahan Tanjung Gusta, Kecamatan Medan Helvetia, Medan. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketua badan keswadayaan masyarakat (BKM) Kelurahan Tanjung Gusta Kecamatan Medan Helvetia. Teknik Pengambilan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pendekatan secara <em>buttom up</em>, peran masyarakat dalam proses pembangunan dapat dimaksimalkan, melihat beberapa kelebihan komunikator pembangunan yang berasal dari masyarakat setempat lebih banyak dibanding komunikator yang berasal dari luar masyarakat setempat, maka salah satu cara yang paling efektif untuk membangun kesadaran akan peduli lingkungan adalah dengan memaksimalkan peran masyarakat setempat sebagai komunikator pembangunan, Namun, meskipun demikian masih ditemukan beberapa hambatan dalam proses menyampaikan pesan-pesan pembangunan peduli lingkungan yakni hambatan komunikasi dan hambatan sosial (kategori sosial, pertukaran sosial dan hubungan sosial).</p>
Proses Kognitif Mahasiswa Berkemampuan Tinggi Dengan Gaya Kognitif Field Independent Dalam Membuktikan Grup
Authors: Listiawati Enny 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses kognitif mahasiswa yang berkemampuan matematika tinggi dalam membuktikan grup ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field independen. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 1 mahasiswa calon guru program studi pendidikan matematika yang berkemampuan tinggi dengan gaya kognitif field independent. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan metode tes dan wawancara terhadap subjek penelitian.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah subjek dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent dalam proses kognitif rememberring mengingat tentang grup, sifat-sifat grup dan grup abelian. Dalam proses kognitif understanding subjek menjelaskan definisi grup lengkap dengan himpunan dan operasi binernya serta menyebutkan beberapa contoh operasi biner. Pada komponen proses kognitif applying subjek menjelaskan langkah membuktikan grup abelian setiap langkap dengan rinci dan detail mulai dari sifat tertutup, assosiatif, elemen identitas, invers, komutatif.

Kata Kunci : Proses Kognitif, Grup, Gaya Kognitif Field Indpendent
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Smp Negeri 3 Pule Trenggalek Dengan Strategi Group Investigation
Authors: Navianto Andi 
Published: October 2019

Salah satu hasil belajar yang ingin dicapai dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah siswa memahami konsep matematika. Oleh karena itu pembelajaran matematika seharusnya menekankan pada pemahaman konsep. Proses pembelajaran bukan lagi sekedar transfer pengetahuan dari guru ke siswa, tetapi merupakan proses pemerolehan konsep yang berorientasi pada keterlibatan siswa secara aktif dan langsung. Jadi dalam proses pembelajaran yang lebih aktif adalah siswa sehingga berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang didapatkan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan proses pembelajaran menggunakan strategi Group Investigation (GI) yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan mendiskripsikan bagaimana peningkatan hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang berlangsung sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Tahap-tahap penelitian ini terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa dan hasil tes akhir siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan strategi Group Investigation dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 3 Pule Trenggalek Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan aktivitas siswa dari kategori CUKUP pada siklus I menjadi BAIK pada siklus II. Hasil tes siswa juga menunjukkan peningkatan. Pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas baru mencapai 50% sedang pada siklus II ketuntasan siswa mencapai presentase 85% dengan nilai rata-rata 82.