bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TECHNOLOGICAL AND FINANCIAL PREDICTORS OF FEAR OF FINANCIAL ABUSE AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Alves Shaina , Grinshteyn Erin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Much research has focused on elder abuse. Less research focuses on fear of abuse. This analysis examines the associations between feelings of technological competence and variables assessing financial confidence with fear of financial victimization. Data were collected among community dwelling older adults in Nevada (n=467). Questions were asked regarding technological competence, confidence in navigating the financial system, asset protection, trust in financial institutions, and previous financial abuse victimization. The outcome was assessed by asking how afraid the respondent was of becoming a victim of financial abuse. Multivariate logistic regression models were run controlling for confounding. Controlling for all covariates, those who reported feeling unconfident in their technological competence had 2.5 times the odds of being afraid of financial abuse compared with those who felt confident (p&lt;0.02). Those who reported feeling like their assets were at risk had 4.12 times the odds of being afraid of financial abuse (p&lt;0.0001). Older adults who reported feeling vulnerable to financial victimization had 9.4 times the odds of being afraid of financial abuse compared with those who felt invulnerable (p&lt;0.0001). Those who were previously victims of financial abuse had 4.33 times odds of being afraid of financial abuse compared with those who had no history of financial abuse (p&lt;0.0001). Feeling confident in the financial system, asset protection, fear of credit card use, and trust in financial institutions were not associated with fear of financial abuse. These data provide a better understanding of fear of financial abuse, which will allow for better prevention of this issue.
A PROACTIVE CARE PROGRAM FOR FRAIL OLDER PEOPLE LIVING AT HOME: A 2-YEAR EVALUATION
Authors: Bleijenberg Nienke , Rijksen Jonna , Schuurmans Marieke J , de Wit Niek J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study presents the long-term evaluation and impact of a proactive primary care program that aims to reduce acute healthcare consumption and preservation of daily functioning of frail older people living at home. For nine years the program has been adapted and evaluated. We present the results of our implementation study with two-year follow-up. 53 general practices (GP) participated. They provided care to approximately 35000 people aged 65 years and older. Data was extracted from routine primary care data, hospital data and social care data from the municipality. Important outcomes were: number of GP visits, house visits by GP, out-of-hours primary care visits, emergency room (ER) visits, hospital admission, social support, self-sufficiency and wellbeing. After implementing the program, a significant reduction in acute visits (ER and out-of-hour visits) was observed. GP contacts and visits were also significantly increased. The program was well perceived by professionals.
PERPETRATOR DEMOGRAPHICS ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES—CONFIRMED FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION CASES
Authors: Enzler Cassandra J , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos , Burnett and Jason 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Financial exploitation (FE) in older adults is a significant public health problem linked to outcomes including depression, financial ruin and early mortality. Studies have demonstrated risk factors associated with FE, but less is known about perpetrator characteristics. We performed a secondary data analysis of over 16,000 reported cases of FE utilizing a cross sectional design. Using multivariate logistic regression, confirmed and unconfirmed cases of FE were predicted from the following perpetrator demographics: age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, relationship to the victim, living status, and histories of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and mental illness. Significant perpetrator demographics predicting confirmed FE were separation/divorce (OR=1.48), identifying as White (OR=1.33) or Black (OR=1.44), being a daughter (OR=1.61), son (OR=1.75), grandchild (OR=2.72), or other family member (OR=1.41), not residing with the victim (OR=2.32), and having a history of drug abuse (OR=2.56), alcohol abuse (OR=1.80), or mental illness (OR=1.91). These findings are based on a large statewide dataset and describe important perpetrator characteristics that could potentially be targeted for both intervention and prevention programs. This is especially important as many victims are reluctant to seek criminal action against a family member or trusted individual. This information is valuable as it may help APS, who has limited funding and staff, investigate and intervene in more difficult elder abuse FE cases.
COMPARABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL AGING MEASURES IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION STUDY, 1999-2002
Authors: Hastings Waylon J , Belsky Daniel , Shalev Idan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biological processes of aging are thought to be modifiable causes of many chronic diseases. Measures of biological aging could provide sensitive endpoints for studies of risk factors hypothesized to shorten healthy lifespan and/or interventions that extend it. However, uncertainty remains about how to measure biological aging and if proposed measures assess the same thing. We tested four proposed measures of biological aging with available data from NHANES 1999-2002: Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, Levine Method (LM) Biological Age, and leukocyte telomere length. All measures of biological aging were correlated with chronological age. KDM Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, and LM Biological Age were all significantly associated with each other, but were each not associated with telomere length. NHANES participants with older biological ages performed worse on tests of physical, cognitive, perceptual, and subjective functions known to decline with advancing chronological age and thought to mediate age-related disability. Further, NHANES participants with higher levels of exposure to life-course risk factors were measured as having older biological ages. In both sets of analyses, effect-sizes tended to be larger for KDM Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, and LM Biological Age as compared to telomere length. Composite measures combining cellular- and patient-level information tended to have the largest effect-sizes. The cellular-level aging biomarker telomere length may measure different aspects of the aging process relative to the patient-level physiological measures. Studies aiming to test if risk factors accelerate aging or if interventions may slow aging should not treat proposed measures of biological aging as interchangeable.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GRIP STRENGTH AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Chang Milan , Ramel Alfons , Jonsson Palmi V , Thorsdottir Inga , Geirsdottir Olof 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Decline in both physical function and cognition among older adults has been associated with increased risk of dementia. Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for the improvement of both physical and cognitive function. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between baseline physical function and cognitive function after 12 weeks of resistance training among older adults. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven community-dwelling older adults (N=237, 73.7±5.7 years, 58.2% female) participated in a 12-week resistance exercise program (3 times/week; 3 sets, 6-8 repetitions at 75-80% of the 1-repetition maximum), designed to increase strength and muscle mass of major muscle groups. Body composition, physical activity status, grip strength, cardiovascular risk factors, 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were measured at baseline and endpoint. The linear regression model was used to examine the association. Results: Mean MMSE score was 27.5±2.1 at baseline and 28.1±2.2 after the exercise intervention. After the intervention, 57 declined, 55 remained the same, and 120 have improved in MMSE scores. We found that the MMSE score after the intervention was significantly associated with baseline grip strength (beta=.03, P&lt;.05) among healthy older adults, after adjusting basic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and mobility at baseline. Conclusion: Our study found that baseline grip strength was strongly associated with cognitive function after the 12 weeks of resistance training. Muscle power, such as grip strength may play an important role in the effect of exercise intervention on cognition even among healthy independent older adults.
EFFECTS OF MEDICARE COMORBIDITIES, SELF-REPORTED FACTORS, AND POLYGENIC RISK SCORES IN RISKS OF AD/ADRD
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Yashkin Arseniy , Kravchenko Julia , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Yashin Anatoliy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At this time there is no consensus on the origin, development, and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) and the extent to which variation in the effects of potential risk factors affects the risk for this disorder is underexplored. In this paper we used HRS-Medicare-genetics data to evaluate the effects of risk factors from three groups: i) Medicare-based indicators of chronic diseases that have shown an association with AD/ADRD in the literature, ii) individual heath state, behavior, functional status, education and socioeconomic status, and iii) polygenic risk scores that incorporate known-to-date genetic risk factors for AD/ADRD. We found that: i) the effects of Medicare disease indicators are higher than the effects of self-reported diseases; ii) heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and depression had a strong impact on AD/ADRD, while the presence of cancers sometimes decreases the risk of AD/ADRD; iii) systemic hypotension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic liver disease showed unexpectedly strong effects; iv) compared to females, males are affected by a lower number of risk factors albeit at higher magnitudes; v) BMI, alcohol, drinking, income, and number of education years are protective, vi) genetic scores associated with neurotransmitters (synapse functioning and loss) and neuroinflammation demonstrated strong significant effects, and vii) Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition demonstrated the important role of genetic factors in racial disparities in AD risk. The analyses show the extent to which links between the distinct differences in comorbidities, behavioral and socioeconomic factors can predict the risk for AD/ADRD.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM 25 HYDROXY VITAMIN D AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG ICELANDIC OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Eymundsdottir Hrafnhildur , Chang Milan , Geirsdottir Olof , Jonsdottir Maria , Jonsson Palmi V , Gudnason Vilmundur , Ramel Alfons 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies have indicated that low levels of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) are associated with lower cognitive function among older adults while longitudinal studies have revealed controversial results. The aim was to investigate the longitudinal associations between 25OHD and cognitive function among older adults with 5-years follow up. The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study (N=3411) assessed cognitive function measuring memory function, speed of processing and executive function. 25OHD was measured using the Liaison chemiluminescence immunoassay and used as a continuous variable. Multivariate linear analysis, adjusting for numerous confounding factors, was used to calculate the longitudinal associations. All analyses were performed separated by gender. There was a high tendency for low levels of 25OHD i.e. 29.6% men and 37.7% women had hypovitaminosis D (&lt;50 nmol/l). Both men and women had significantly lower scores in all aspects of cognitive function at the follow-up time period. Unadjusted correlations between 25OHD and cognitive functions showed a stronger correlation for women, whereas women had lower scores in all aspects of cognitive function associated with low 25OHD. After adjusting for potential confounders, e.g. age, education, lifestyle and health-related factors, 25OHD and cognitive function were not significantly associated. Observational studies indicate that lower levels of vitamin D are associated with lower cognitive function. Intervention studies are yet to show a clear benefit from vitamin D supplementation. More longitudinal- and interventional studies, with longer follow-up duration, are needed.
BODY COMPOSITION ACROSS THE LIFESPAN IN AFRICAN CARIBBEAN MEN: FINDINGS FROM THE TOBAGO LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGING
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Miljkovic Iva , Cvejkus Ryan K , Kuipers Allison L , Wheeler Victor , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Body composition changes vary by age and ethnicity and have a major impact on health and physical function. However, little is known about the magnitude, tempo and patterns of these changes in African-ancestry populations, particularly outside the U.S. Thus, we examined age-specific rates-of-change in lean and fat mass in a unique population-based, longitudinal cohort study of 2621 African-ancestry men on the Caribbean island of Tobago (age: 62.0±11.8 years, range: 32-99 years). Body composition was measured with DXA at study entry and after an average of 4 and 9 years. Annualized rates of change and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using all 3 time-points with Generalized Estimating Equations stratified by 5-year baseline age-groups. Lean mass declined at a fairly constant rate in age-strata up through age ≤64 years (-0.72; -0.76, -0.67%/yr), but accelerated to -0.92 %/yr (-1.02, -0.82 %/yr) among those aged 65-69, and to -1.16 %/yr (-1.30, -1.03 %/yr) among those aged 70-74 years – plateauing in those aged 75+. This pattern of age acceleration was observed in arm but not leg lean mass. The age-specific rates of decline in lean mass in this cohort of African Caribbean men appear to be lower than those reported in older African American men. In contrast to lean mas, fat mass increased by 2.93 %/yr (2.72, 3.15 %/yr) and this rate of increase was fairly uniform across the lifespan. Additional research is needed to better define the lifestyle, medical and biological factors contributing to body composition changes across the lifespan in African-ancestry populations.
GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN IN KOREA: CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING OF MULTIGENERATIONAL CAREGIVING
Authors: Lee Youjung , An Sok 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Korean grandparents raising their grandchildren play significant roles as social and family resources in Korea. They experience caregiving stress that negatively influences their mental health while struggling with limited social support from peers, and minimal respite care and community resources. Despite a need for resources and information concerning this growing population, there is limited knowledge on Korean custodial grandparents, especially the distinctive cultural factors influencing their multigenerational caregiving experiences. This qualitative study explored Korean custodial grandparents’ experiences of raising grandchildren and cultural meanings of multigenerational caregiving. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews with 23 custodial grandparents were conducted from December 2018- January 2019 in two urban and three rural places in Korea. Among the grandparents, five were grandfathers. The mean age of the grandparents was 72 years old (range: 61-82), and the mean age of their grandchildren was 13 years old (range: 1-21). On average, the grandparents had raised 1.5 grandchildren (range: 1-3) for 11 years (range: 1.5-20). Four key themes emerged from the general structure of the lived experiences of Korean grandparents: a) intensive child care support from the grandchildren’s uncle and aunt; (b) stigma of a child’s divorce and custodial grandparenting; (c) different social expectations toward maternal grandparents; and (d) increased needs on financial educational support for grandchildren. The finding reinforces the significant function of collectivistic and family-based Asian culture in understanding experiences of Korean custodial grandparents. It also highlights society’s view of only men carrying forward family lineage and its implications on grandparents’ perceptions about multigenerational caregiving.
USING A STRESS PROCESS MODEL TO EXAMINE RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVER WELL-BEING AND HEALTH
Authors: Badana Adrian , Haley William E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Current research must utilize nationally-representative samples of older adults and their family caregivers to accurately reflect the growing diversity of the United States. This study aims to use a stress process model to examine potential racial differences in caregiving in a population-based sample of 844 White and 389 Black family caregivers in the United States. We conducted 3 x 2 x 2 (relationship type x race x dementia care status) factorial ANOVAs to examine potential differences in caregiving stressors, appraisals, resources, and mental and physical health outcomes among primary family caregivers. Results indicated significant racial differences in caregiving on several stress process measures. Although Black caregivers reported more caregiving stressors, compared to White caregivers, they tended to report more positive appraisals of caregiving and more caregiving resources. Dementia caregivers tended to report greater caregiving stressors and worse measures of appraisal compared to non-dementia caregivers. There was a significant two-way interaction among relationship type and dementia care status for the caregiving stressor, hours of care. A stress process model can allow researchers to investigate various factors associated with racial differences in caregiving.
EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE IN A SAMPLE OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Houston Amy M , Harfmann Elisabeth , Olzmann Amy , Brewster Glenna , Ottmar Hannah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Given the rapidly changing demographics, there will be an increasing number of individuals with dementia who will need significant support from informal caregivers. Providing care for an individual with dementia has been associated with negative outcomes in a number of domains including physical health, mental health, financial status and social functioning. There is a small but growing base of literature suggesting that fostering psychological flexibility, including acceptance, with dementia caregivers may be a helpful intervention. Experiential avoidance, which is the less adaptive alternative to acceptance, is the aversion from negative internal experiences including thoughts, feeling and physical sensations. Experiential avoidance has been found to be significantly related to depression and negative affect. The present study utilized online dementia caregiver support group samples (n = 158) to evaluate the relationship between experiential avoidance and general demographics, other aspects of psychological flexibility, and caregiver distress. Experiential avoidance was positively correlated with cognitive fusion (r(134) = .231, p &lt; .01), caregiver burden (r(127) = .258, p &lt; .01), and distress associated with dementia related behaviors (r(140) = .225, p &lt; .01). Experiential avoidance was negatively correlated with engaged living (r(133) = -.244, p &lt; .01), mindfulness (r(123) = -.187, p &lt; .05), and self-rated health (r(138) = -.193, p &lt; .05). Additionally, experiential avoidance was significantly higher for male caregivers (t(136)=2.462, p=.015) and those age 65 and over (t(134)=-2.421, p=.017). These findings support previous research that suggests experiential avoidance may be an important construct to target in future interventions with dementia caregivers.
CHANGING NURSES’ BEHAVIOR TOWARD NUTRITIONAL CARE WITH A SNACK-SIZED LEARNING INTERVENTION
Authors: Ten Cate Debbie , Dikken Jeroen , Ettema Roelof , Schoonhoven Lisette , Schuurmans Marieke J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nurses play an important role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults. However, research shows that nurses lack the motivation to give adequate nutritional care. In order to change this motivation a learning intervention about nutrition in older adults targeted at nurses would be desirable. The aim of this study was to assess the development, validation, and reliability of a learning intervention about nutrition in older adults. The results show that this learning intervention has a good construct and content validity, and is psychometrically sound. Questions of the learning intervention can be presented at once or in a snack-sized way, where the questions are presented over a period of time. This learning intervention can be used for developers of similar interventions, and as part of educating programs for nursing professionals and nursing students about nutritional care for older adults.
THE ROLE OF COLLECTIVISM IN EXPLAINING LIFE COURSE HEALTH DISPARITIES IN OLDER AGES
Authors: Saad-Lessler Joelle , Richman Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Collectivism refers to the social practice of investing in and relying on one’s social network, rather than formal institutions, to ensure personal security. Using the re-engineered 2014 Survey of Income and Pension Participation (SIPP), we investigate how collectivist practices affect life course health disparities at older ages in the US. Indicators of Collectivism include measures of caregiving, inter and intrahousehold financial and material support and help from charities, friends and family members. Regression results indicate that increased collectivist interactions are associated with improved self-reported health status outcomes. Government support for collectivist behaviors can thus yield a low cost means of improving health outcomes among the elderly.
ILLNESS PERCEPTION AS A DETERMINANT OF SELF-RATED HEALTH AMONG OLDER CHINESE AMERICANS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Huang Ya-Ching A , Garcia Alexandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Self-Rated Health (SRH) has been used as a proxy to evaluate individuals’ quality of life, overall well-being, and mortality. However, little is known about how illness perception influences SRH in Chinese American patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study, guided by Leventhal’s Self-Regulatory Model, explored the association between illness perception and SRH beyond socioeconomic and health factors. A cross-sectional survey from 109 community-dwelling foreign-born Chinese Americans with T2DM (60-95 years old; 51.4% females; Mean age= 74.17, SD=6.83). In addition to descriptive and correlation analysis, hierarchical regression models of SRH was estimated by subsequently entering the following set of predictors: (1) demographics (age, gender, marital status, education, financial status, and acculturation), (2) health factors (insulin usage, length of diabetes, number of chronic condition, depression, and diabetes distress) and (3) illness perception (timeline, disease consequence, personal and treatment control). SRH was measured by asking “How would you rate your overall health?” with a likert response scale: 1 (poor) to 4 (very good). Only 50.5 % of participants rated their health as good or very good. Participants with lower acculturation, higher number of chronic health conditions, higher diabetes distress, and a belief that illness will have more negative consequences were highly correlated with worse SRH. The total amount of variance explained by the entire model was 56% (F = 6.07, p &lt; .001). These findings suggest that the modifiable factors such as acculturation, diabetes distress, and the belief of diabetes consequences should be incorporated into integrative health promotion efforts for this population.