bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Piloting and Evaluation of an evidence-based informed consent form for total knee arthroplasty (EvAb-Pilot): A protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Weise Alina , Lühnen Julia , Bühn Stefanie , Steffen Felicia , Zacher Sandro , Julia Lauberger , Ates Deha Murat , Böhmer Andreas , Rosenau Henning , Steckelberg Anke , Mathes Tim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Practitioners frequently use informed consent forms to support the physician-patient communication and the informed consent process. Informed consent for surgery often focuses on risk centered information due to high liability risks for treatment errors. This may affect patients’ anxiety of adverse events and the nocebo effect. This study focuses on the optimization of pre-surgical information on risks and complications, and at the same time reconcile these information with legal requirements. Methods: The development, piloting and evaluation of evidence-based informed consent forms for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and related anesthesia procedures will follow the UK MRC Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Conducting different sub-studies, we will (I) qualitatively explore the information acquisition and decision making processes, (II) develop and pilot test evidence-based informed consent forms on the example of TKA and related anesthesia procedures, (III) conduct a monocentric interrupted time series (ITS) pilot study to evaluate the effects of evidence-based informed consent forms in comparison with standard consent forms and (IV) perform a process evaluation to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the intervention and to analyze mechanisms of impact.Discussion: The evidence-based and understandable presentation of risks in informed consent forms aims at avoiding distorted risk depiction and strengthening the patients’ competences to correctly assess the risks of undergoing surgery. This might reduce negative expectations and anxiety of adverse events, which in turn might reduce the nocebo effect. At the same time, the practitioners’ acceptance of evidence-based informed consent forms meeting legal requirements could be increased.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04669483. Registered 15 December 2020, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04669483?term=NCT04669483&draw=2&rank=1German Clinical Trials Registry, DRKS00022571. Registered 15 December 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022571
Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery in the managements of ankle fracture patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Yuefeng , Li Guoqing , Liu Su , Xiong Ao , Xu Chang , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Ankle fracture is common and the treatment is embarrassed. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has been successfully adopted for the improvement of efficacy and quality. However, application of ERAS in ankle fracture patients especially at the early stage is variable and remains to be clarified. We intent to explore the effect of ERAS among ankle fracture patients.
Methods

There were 29 male and 51 female patients aged 41.71 ± 14. 51 years who were consecutively grouped into non-ERAS group (n = 40) and ERAS group (n = 40). Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to assess the association in outcomes and variables.
Results

AOFAS at post-operative 3 month (PO3M) and post-operative 6 month (PO6M), costs, length of stay (LOS), and pre-operative LOS were verified significantly in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ERAS can improve American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) at PO3M (β = 7.06, 95% CI, 4.45–9.65) and PO6M (β = 5.08, 95% CI, 2.35–7.80), reduce costs (β = -6885.13, 95% CI, -12089.40 - -1680.85) and LOS (β = -3.27, 95% CI, -4.97 - -1.57) among ankle fracture patients. With the numbers available, no significant differences were observed (p༞0.05) for the AOFAS at post-operative 12 month (PO12M) and post-operative 24 month (PO24M), complications, or opioids consumption.
Conclusion

We found ERAS is superior to general protocol among proper ankle fracture patients, which can enhance rehabilitation especially at the early stage and improve medical quality and efficiency by reducing costs and LOS. ERAS protocol may have a promising future and worth promoting.
The Clinical Significance of Preoperative Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and Platelet Count in Resectable Colon Cancer
Authors: Kundaktepe Berrin Papila , Papila Cigdem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: There is still much unknown about the relationship between colon cancer and markers of hemostasis. İn these study, whether or not preoperative platelet (PLT) counts, plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with postoperative lymph node involvement and venous invasion was evaluated in patients of colon cancer.Methods: Eighty patients (mean age: 58.09 years, 37% females, 63% male) were retrospectively included in this study.Results: PLT and fibrinogen values in patients with lymph node and venous invasion negative colon cancer; were significantly lower than patients with positive lymph node (p<0.001, all of them) and venous invasion (p<0.001, all of them). A positive correlation was found between the venous invasion and lymphatic involvement with PLT count and plasma fibrinogen levels (r=0.640, p<0.001; r=0.810, p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: It was concluded that preoperative PLT count and plasma fibrinogen levels may be useful marker for monitoring postoperative lymph node involvement and venous invasion in patients with colon cancer.
Relatively Reduced Default Mode Network Connectivity in Comparison to The Severity of White Matter Involvement is Associated With Severe Memory Deficits and Poor Cognitive Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
Authors: Kanno Shigenori , Ogawa Kun-ichi , Kikuchi Hiroaki , Toyoshima Masako , Abe Nobuhito , Sato Kazushi , Miyazawa Koichi , Oshima Ryuji , Ohtomo Satoru , Arai Hiroaki , Shibuya Satoshi , Suzuki Kyoko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether default mode network (DMN) connectivity and brain white matter integrity at baseline were associated with severe cognitive impairments at baseline and poor cognitive outcomes after shunt placement in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with iNPH whose symptoms were followed for 6 months after shunt placement and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. DMN connectivity and brain white matter integrity in patients with iNPH at baseline were detected by performing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with independent component analysis and by using diffusion weighted imaging with tract-based spatial statistics, respectively. Performance on the neuropsychological tests for memory and executive functions and gait test was assessed in patients with iNPH at baseline and 6 months after shunt placement.Results: The mean DMN connectivity in the iNPH group was significantly reduced compared with that in the HC group and was significantly positively correlated with the scores of the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) immediate recall and the frontal assessment battery (FAB). The mean fractional anisotropy of the whole-brain white matter skeleton in the iNPH group was significantly lower than that in the HC group. We divided the patients with iNPH into relatively preserved and reduced DMN connectivity groups using the indexes of DMN connectivity and white matter integrity. The reduced DMN connectivity group showed significantly worse performance on RAVLT at baseline and significantly worse improvement of RAVLT immediate recall and FAB scores compared with the preserved DMN connectivity group. Moreover, the RAVLT immediate score/the FAB score ratio highly distinguished the patients with relatively preserved DMN connectivity from those with relatively reduced DMN connectivity.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that iNPH patients with relatively reduced DMN connectivity in comparison to the severity of brain white matter involvement are associated with severe memory deficits at baseline and poorer cognitive outcomes after shunt placement. In addition, DMN connectivity/brain white matter integrity and RAVLT immediate score/FAB score ratios are useful predictors of poor cognitive outcomes after shunt placement.
Non-Oil Revenue and Economic Growth on major net oil exporters? Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almarzoqi Raja , MAHMAH Assil EL 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research paper attempts to assess the impact of the economic reforms on the fiscal policy adopted recently by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which aim to increase non-oil revenues and diversify the government income away from oil. To this end, a small-scale macroeconomic model comprising several econometric equations has been estimated using the OLS method over the period 1990-2018, in order to take into account numerous channels through which macroeconomic drivers can affect economic growth for the KSA’s economy. The results show that, on one hand, increasing non-oil revenue has led to a surge in government spending, which contributed, to a lesser extent, to boost total consumption and private investment. However, this continued rise in revenue, through cutting subsidies, implementing VAT and introducing fees and taxes, has on the other hand put more pressure on the private sector and disposable income starting to weaken the investment and consumption. These measures eventually will increase the cost of living as well as the cost of labor, which contradicts the vision 2030 goals to increase the non-oil export. Our finding revealed also that enhancing non-oil revenue would probably not offset its negative side effects, if the government is still aggressive with these types of policy reforms.JEL codes: E62, O40, O53, Q48
Empirical Evaluation of Typical Sparse Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms
Authors: Li Bin , Jiang Zhikang , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Computing the Sparse Fast Fourier Transform(sFFT) of a K-sparse signal of size N has emerged as a critical topic for a long time. The sFFT algorithms decrease the runtime and sampling complexity by taking advantage of the signal's inherent characteristics that a large number of signals are sparse in the frequency domain. More than ten sFFT lgorithms have been proposed, which can be classfied into many types according to filter, framework, method of location, method of estimation. In this paper, the technology of these algorithms is completely analyzed in theory. The performance of them is thoroughly tested and verified in practice. The theoretical analysis includes the following contents: five operations of ignal, three methods of frequency bucketization, five methods of location, four methods of estimation, two problems caused by bucketization, three methods to solve these two problems, four algorithmic frameworks. All the above technologies and methods are introduced in detail and examples are given to illustrate the above research. After theoretical research, we make experiments for computing the signals of different SNR, N, K by a standard testing platform and record the run time, percentage of the signal sampled and L0;L1;L2 error with eight different sFFT algorithms. The result of experiments satisfies the inferences obtained in theory.
Ureteral Dissection is a Transient Process Before Ureteral Rupture: A Case Report
Authors: Xia Kun , Wang Rongpin , Shen zhiyan , Zeng Xianchun , Zhang Zhuxue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ureteral dissection（UD）is a rare condition which occurs when injury through the intima and occasionally the media allows entry of urine and separation of the inner and medial ureteral layer just like the formation of aortic dissection. Ureteral rupture (UR) is generally caused by ureteral calculus, operation of ureteral endoscope, trauma, tumors, iatrogenic injury and easy to cause peritonitis, so patients usually show symptoms of peritonitis prior to signs of urinary tract. Ureteral rupture caused by ureteral dissection is rarely reported. Case presentation:21-year-old male and 43-year-old female were both admitted into hospital because of abdominal pain. Enhanced CT and retrograde pyelography showed “double lumen sign” in the right proximal ureter and contrast extravasation in the perinephric gap. The male is dead due to serious condition but the female is in good condition without complication after correct and timely therapy. Conclusions: UD is a transient process viewed by enhanced CT or retrograde pyelography offering a warning sign of UR in order to improve prognosis.
Gains and Losses in Life Expectancy with Care Needs from the Elimination of Diseases in Japan
Authors: Kawado Miyuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Yamada Hiroya , Seko Rumi , Ojima Toshiyuki , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Evaluating the impact of diseases on expected years of life with care needs is important in older populations. We examined gains or losses in expected years with care needs at age 65 years in Japan.Methods: We used Japanese national health statistics data, including care needs, based on long-term care insurance. The number of expected years with and without care needs at age 65 years, after the elimination of five selected diseases in 2010, 2013, and 2016 were calculated using a proposed method.Results: Expected years without care needs at age 65 years increased from 17.15 years in 2010 to 17.82 years in 2016 for men and from 20.24 to 20.74 years for women; expected years with care needs were between 1.70 and 1.73 years for men and between 3.59 and 3.66 years for women. Elimination of malignant neoplasms and heart diseases led to gains in expected years with and without care needs. Elimination of cerebrovascular diseases, arthropathies, and dementia showed gains in expected years without care needs and losses in expected years with care needs. Gains and losses from elimination of dementia expanded each year but those from elimination of other diseases compressed.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the prevention of dementia, cerebrovascular diseases, and arthropathies lead to more expected years without care needs and fewer expected years with care needs. The impact of dementia might increase and that of other diseases might decrease each year.
High Expression of PRMT6 Associated With Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Glioma
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Zhenshuang , Long Shengrong , Huang Jinhai , Xu Chengran , Yao Mingze , Li Lun , Li Guangyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Gliomas are characterised by easy invasion of surrounding tissues, high mortality and poor prognosis. Moreover, with the increase of grade, the prognosis of glioma is increasingly poor and not optimistic. Therefore, biological markers for glioma are needed in clinical work, which can be utilized to detect and evaluate the situation and prognosis of glioma patients. Many studies have found that the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) expression is elevated in various tumors and is associated with patient prognosis. However, the role of PRMT6 in glioma has not been reported or analyzed. Methods: In this study, we used a variety of tumor related databases to analyze the mechanism of PRMT6 in tumors, especially gliomas, from the perspective of bioinformatics, and carried out relevant experimental verification with tumor tissues extracted from patients during surgery. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between PRMT6 expression and immune infiltration and immune-related cells, and discussed the possible mechanisms. We also discussed the role of PRMT6 expression in glioma from the perspectives of mutation, clinical indicators, enrichment analysis, and immunohistochemical results. Results: PRMT6 is significantly differentially expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with survival and prognosis. Especially in gliomas, the expression of PRMT6 gradually increased with the increase of grade. In addition, PRMT6 can be used as an independent prognostic risk factor in the nomogram and has been verified in a variety of databases. Conclusions: Our results indicate that high expression of PRMT6 is a potential biomarker for predicting glioma prognosis and progression.
Expression Profiles of NOD-Like Receptors and Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Toxoplasma Gondii-Infected Human Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: CHu Jia-Qi , Gao Fei Fei , Wu Weiyun , Li Chunchao , Pan Zhaobin , Sun Jinhui , Wang Hao , Huang Cong , Lee Sang Hyuk , Quan Juan-Hua , Lee Young-Ha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that majorly infects through the oral route. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) play crucial roles in the immune responses generated during the parasitic infection and also drive the inflammatory response against invading parasites. However, little is known about the regulation of NLRs and inflammasome activation in T. gondii-infected human small intestinal epithelial (FHs 74 Int) cells. Methods: FHs 74 Int cells infected with T. gondii were subsequently evaluated for morphological changes, cytotoxicity, expression profiles of NLRs, inflammasome components, caspase-cleaved interleukins (ILs), and the mechanisms of NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome activation. Immunocytochemistry, lactate dehydrogenase assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and western blotting techniques were utilized for the analysis purpose. Results: Under normal and T. gondii-infected conditions, members of the NLRs, inflammasome components, and caspase-cleaved ILs were expressed in the FHs Int 74 cells, except for NLRC3, NLRP5, and NLRP9. Among the NLRs, mRNA expression of NOD2, NLRP3, NLRP6, and NAIP1 were significantly increased in T. gondii-infected cells, whereas that of NLRP2, NLRP7, and CIITA mRNAs decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner. In addition, T. gondii infection induced NLRP3, NLRP6 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation and production of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 in FHs 74 Int cells. T. gondii-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was strongly associated with the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK but not JNK1/2. NLRP6 inflammasome activation was not related to the MAPK pathway in FHs 74 Int cells. Conclusions: This study highlighted the expression profiles of NLRs and unraveled the underlying mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in T. gondii-infected FHs 74 Int cells. These findings may contribute to understanding of the mucosal and innate immune responses induced by the NLRs and inflammasomes during T. gondii infection in FHs 74 Int cells.
Successful treatment of bilateral multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in a patient with brain abscess and severe hypoxemia using a combination of transcatheter embolotherapy and surgical resection: a case report
Authors: Ochi Takahiro , Chiyo Masako , Ito Takamasa , Furumoto Hideharu , Sugiura Toshihiko , Saitoh Yukio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal dilated blood vessel that makes direct communication between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein and can be associated with hypoxemia or neurological complications, including brain abscess and cerebral infarction. Treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation includes surgical resection and transcatheter embolotherapy, however the adaptation of therapies should be considered when a patient is in bad condition.Case presentation: A 51-year-old man was admitted after developing fever, consciousness disorder, and hypoxemia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a brain abscess. Bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were found by contrast computed tomography. Because of a family history of PAVM, a history of epistaxis, and the existence of oral mucosa telangiectasia, he was diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and brain abscess caused by right-to-left shunt. The brain abscess improved with antibiotic treatment; however, the administration of oxygen did not ameliorate his hypoxemia. His hypoxemia was exacerbated by positive pressure ventilation. Considering his systemic and respiratory condition, we considered surgery to involve a high degree of risk. After controlling his brain abscess and pneumonia, transcatheter embolotherapy was performed. This improved his systemic condition, enabling surgical treatment.Conclusions: This middle-aged patient suffering from brain abscess and severe hypoxemia with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations was successfully treated by a combination of transcatheter embolotherapy and surgery. The adaptation and combination of therapies, as well as the sequence of treatments, should be considered depending on the patient status and lesions.
Risk factors for critical outcome of COVID-19 differ according to location: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Hwang Hyeontaek , Hong Hyunsook , Yim Jae-Joon , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The mortality rates of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differ across the globe. While some risk factors for poor prognosis of the disease are known, regional differences are suspected. We reviewed the risk factors for critical outcomes in extensive number of studies according to the study location.
Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science literature databases from January 1, 2020 to June 8, 2020. We defined the critical outcome as death, admission to the intensive care unit, or critical type of COVID-19. Candidate variables to predict the critical outcome included patient demographics, underlying medical condition, symptoms, and laboratory findings. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and standardized mean differences were calculated for each variable and were also determined according to the study’s continent.
Results

A total of 80 studies were included from Asia (n = 48), Europe (n = 22), and North America (n = 10). The risk factors for the critical outcome in the overall population included male sex, age, and all inspected underlying medical conditions. Symptoms of dyspnea, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, and certain laboratory findings were also indicators of the critical outcome. Subgroup analysis was performed according to study location, and we found several discrepancies. Underlying respiratory disease was associated higher risk of the critical outcome in studies from Asia (pooled RR 2.16 [1.60–2.92] and Europe (pooled RR 1.50 [1.32–1.69]), but not North America. Underlying hepatic disease was associated with a higher risk of the critical outcome from Europe (pooled RR 1.34 [1.15–1.56]), but not from Asia and North America. Symptoms of vomiting (pooled RR 2.43 [1.60–3.69]), anorexia (pooled RR 2.38 [1.45–3.91]), dizziness (pooled RR 2.23 [1.51–3.28]), and fatigue (pooled RR 1.92 [1.23–3.02]) were significantly associated with the critical outcome in studies from Asia, but not from Europe and North America. Hemoglobin and platelet count affected patients differently in Asia compared to those in Europe and North America.
Conclusions

There are several discrepancies among risk factors for critical outcomes among patients with COVID-19 according to the location of the infected patient.