bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating fine‐scale seafloor mapping and spatial pattern metrics into marine conservation prioritization
Authors: Proudfoot Beatrice , Devillers Rodolphe , Brown Craig J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Marine protected area (MPA) planning often relies on scientific principles that help ensure that an area selected for conservation will effectively protect biodiversity. Capturing ecological processes in MPA network planning has received increased attention in recent years. High‐resolution seafloor maps, which show patterns in seafloor bio‐physical characteristics, can support our understanding of ecological processes.
In part, owing to a global lack of high‐resolution seafloor maps, studies that aim to integrate seascape spatial pattern and conservation prioritization often focus on shallow biogenic habitats with less attention paid to deeper benthic seascapes (benthoscapes) mapped using acoustic techniques. Acoustic seafloor mapping strategies yield the spatial information required to extend conservation prioritization research into these environments, making incorporating seafloor ecological processes into conservation prioritization increasingly achievable.
Here, a new method is proposed and tested that combines benthoscape mapping, landscape ecology metrics and a conservation decision support tool to prioritize areas with structural and potential connectivity value in MPA placement. Using a case study in eastern Canada, benthoscape composition and configuration were quantified using spatial pattern metrics and integrated into Marxan.
Results illustrate how large patches of seafloor habitat in close proximity to neighbouring patches can be preferentially selected when benthoscape configuration is considered. The flexibility of the method for including relevant spatial pattern metrics or species‐specific movement data is discussed to illustrate how benthic habitat maps can improve existing conservation planning methods and complement existing and future work to support marine biodiversity conservation.
It takes all kinds of trees to make a forest. Using historic maps and forestry data to inform airborne laser scanning based archaeological prospection in woodland
Authors: Banaszek Łukasz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile airborne laser scanning (ALS) data is a key resource for studying afforested landscapes, other datasets are essential to understanding the character of surveyed areas, and for assessing the reliability of the remote sensed data interpretation. This article presents results of such assessment based on the analysis of contemporary forestry data and historic maps for a study area located south of Polanów, Poland, which was subject of bespoke ALS survey. Forestry data and historic maps were initially used to plan ALS data collection, and thereafter to assess data quality and bias. As a result, the longevity and patterning of afforestation were determined and these correlate with the outputs of interpretative mapping together offering a benchmark methodology for identifying survival zones for prehistoric and early medieval earthworks beyond the extents of early and late modern cultivation. In addition, the data characteristics discussed in this article demonstrate the importance of data analysis and survey methodology to inform the understanding of potential bias in the outputs of ALS surveys of afforested landscapes. By understanding this phenomenon at a local scale, the reliability of the data can be estimated. Given the nationwide availability of forestry data across Europe, as well as extensive coverage of historic maps, the results discussed in this article have a general application. Focusing on areas with the highest survival potential can lead to immediate discovery of premodern monuments, and hence prevent them from extensive, forestry management related, destruction.
Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Mild Electrolytes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kang Litao , Cui Mangwei , Zhang Zhongtao , Jiang Fuyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferent from the contrary‐old alkaline Zn‐based batteries, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) refer to a series of safe, long‐life and low‐cost secondary batteries with divalent Zn2+ working as charge carriers. Compared to market dominant lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and Pb‐acid batteries, aqueous ZIBs feature a precious balance between safety, cost, lifetime, environmental benignity and energy/power density, due to their unique chemistry. The high performances of these batteries stem from the high‐capacities and large redox potential differences of cathodes/anodes, along with the swift redox reactions in the high ionic conductive aqueous electrolytes. With all components being intrinsically safe, stable, low cost and non‐corrosive, aqueous ZIBs hold promising prospects in application fields ranging from large scale energy storage systems to wearable electronics. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed significant advances in aqueous ZIBs since their innovation in 1986, regarding the Zn2+‐storage mechanisms/design of cathodes, side reactions/stabilizing strategies of anodes/electrolytes, and especially the influence/optimization of current collectors and separators. Finally, a conclusion and outlook on current challenges and research trends of ZIBs is provided. This review attempts to present a general picture of the exploration and evolution of aqueous ZIBs, and to provide some guides for the further development of these energetic yet safe energy storage devices.
Plastics derived endocrine‐disrupting compounds and their effects on early development
Authors: Basak Sanjay , Das Mrinal K. , Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult‐onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic‐derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto‐placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
Reduction of senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity by vitamin E in human fibroblasts depends on subjects’ age and cell passage number
Authors: Ricciarelli Roberta , Azzi Angelo , Zingg Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell senescence is due to the permanent cell cycle arrest that occurs as a result of the inherent limited replicative capacity toward the Hayflick limit (replicative senescence), or in response to various stressors (stress‐induced premature senescence, SIPS). With the acquisition of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cells release several molecules (cytokines, proteases, lipids), and express the senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal). Here we tested whether vitamin E affects SA‐β‐Gal in an in vitro model of cell ageing. Skin fibroblasts from human subjects of different age (1, 13, 29, 59, and 88 years old) were cultured until they reached replicative senescence. At different passages (Passages 2, 9, 13, and 16), these cells were treated with vitamin E for 24 hr. Vitamin E reduced SA‐β‐Gal in all cells at passage 16, but at earlier passage numbers it reduced SA‐β‐Gal only in cells isolated from the oldest subjects. Therefore, short time treatment with vitamin E decreases SA‐β‐Gal in cells both from young and old subjects when reaching replicative senescence; but in cells isolated from older subjects, a decrease in SA‐β‐Gal by vitamin E occurs also at earlier passage numbers. The possible role of downregulation of CD36 by vitamin E, a scavenger receptor essential for initiation of senescence and SASP, is discussed.
Inorganic Porous Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Antitumoral Therapy
Authors: Parra‐Nieto Jorge , del Cid María Amor García , de Cárcer Iñigo Aguirre , Baeza Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles in oncology to deliver chemotherapeutic agents has received considerable attention in the last decades due to their tendency to be passively accumulated in solid tumors. Besides this remarkable property, the surface of these nanocarriers can be decorated with targeting moieties capable to recognize malignant cells which lead to selective nanoparticle uptake mainly in the diseased cells, without affecting the healthy ones. Among the different nanocarriers which have been developed with this purpose, inorganic porous nanomaterials constitute some of the most interesting due to their unique properties such as excellent cargo capacity, high biocompatibility and chemical, thermal and mechanical robustness, among others. Additionally, these materials can be engineered to present an exquisite control in the drug release behavior placing stimuli‐responsive pore‐blockers or sensitive hybrid coats on their surface. Herein, the recent advances developed in the use of porous inorganic nanomedicines will be described in order to provide an overview of their huge potential in the look out of an efficient and safe therapy against this complex disease. Porous inorganic nanoparticles have been designed to be accumulated in tumoral tissues; once there to recognize the target cell and finally, to release their payload in a controlled manner.
Noncoding RNA 886 alleviates tumor cellular immunological rejection in host C57BL/C mice
Authors: Ma Hui , Wang Miao , Zhou Ying , Yang Jia‐jie , Wang Li‐Yong , Yang Rong‐hui , Wen Min‐jie , Kong Lu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon‐coding RNA 886 (nc886/VTRNA2‐1) is a Pol III transcript and an atypical imprinted gene. Its exact function as a negative regulator of protein kinase R establishes its connection with innate immunity. Studies have shown that nc886 silencing is closely associated with prostate cancer progression. Previous work has constructed a cell model of stable nc886 overexpression (“mimic” or “nc886+”) in PC‐3M‐1E8 cell lines (1E8), which are highly bone‐metastatic human prostate cancer cells with low expression of nc886, and cells expressing the mimic were validated to have lower invasive and metastatic abilities than cells expressing the scramble transcript in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we directly injected mimic or scramble cells into the left ventricle of C57BL/C mice, an immunocompetent animal model, to elucidate the immune mechanisms of tumor‐host interactions. Interestingly, we found that tumor cells induced the inflammation of many important organs due to xenogeneic antigen rejection; this inflammation was ultimately repaired by tissue fibrosis after 28 days, except for in the spleen. The reason is that mimic cells, as heterogeneous antigens, are mostly directly recognized by macrophages or T cells in blood, and few mimic cells enter the spleen compared with scramble cells. The induction of splenic macrophage polarization to M2 macrophages by scramble cells is a critical factor in maintaining chronic splenic inflammation. In addition, we recognize that nc886 broadly decreases the expression of some human leukocyte antigen molecules and antigen transporters. This evidence reveals the interesting role of nc886 in regulating tumor cell antigens.
MRI‐based radiomics nomogram to predict synchronous liver metastasis in primary rectal cancer patients
Authors: Liu Minglu , Ma Xiaolu , Shen Fu , Xia Yuwei , Jia Yan , Lu Jianping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt the time of diagnosis, approximately 15%‐20% of patients with rectal cancer (RC) presented synchronous liver metastasis (SLM), which is the most common cause of death in patients with RC. Therefore, preoperative, noninvasive, and accurate prediction of SLM is crucial for personalized treatment strategies. Recently, radiomics has been considered as an advanced image analysis method to evaluate the neoplastic heterogeneity with respect to diagnosis of the tumor and prediction of prognosis. In this study, a total of 1409 radiomics features were extracted for each volume of interest (VOI) from high‐resolution T2WI images of the primary RC. Subsequently, five optimal radiomics features were selected based on the training set using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to construct the radiomics signature. In addition, radiomics signature combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) was included in the multifactor logistic regression to construct the nomogram model. It showed an optimal predictive performance in the validation set as compared to that in the radiomics model. The favorable calibration of the radiomics nomogram showed a nonsignificant Hosmer‐Lemeshow test statistic (P > .05). The decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the radiomics nomogram is clinically superior to the radiomics model. Therefore, the nomogram amalgamating the radiomics signature and clinical risk factors serve as an effective quantitative approach to predict the SLM of primary RC.
Adapting STEMI care for the COVID‐19 pandemic: The case for low‐risk STEMI triage and early discharge
Authors: Lopez John J. , Ebinger Joseph E. , Allen Sorcha , Yildiz Mehmet , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has resulted in the need for rapid assessment of resource utilization within our hospital systems. Specifically, the overwhelming need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds within epicenters of the pandemic has created a need for consideration as to how acute coronary syndrome cases, and specifically ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, are managed postprocedure. While most patients in the United States continue to be managed in coronary care units after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, there is a robust literature regarding the ability to triage STEMI patients safely and efficiently with low‐risk features to non‐ICU beds. We review the various risk scores for STEMI triage and the data supporting their usage. In summary, these findings support an approach to low‐risk STEMI triage that does not come at the expense of quality patient care or outcomes, where up to two‐thirds of patients with STEMI may be able to be safely managed without ICU‐level care.
Gadolinium contrast balloon pulmonary angioplasty for a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and severe iodine allergy
Authors: Saito Shota , Ikeda Nobutaka , Toi Satoru , Nakamura Masato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is group 4 pulmonary hypertension caused by organized thrombi in the pulmonary arteries. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an emerging treatment option for patients with inoperable CTEPH but needs contrast media. Therefore, management can be very difficult in patients who have severe iodine allergies. We present a case of a 61‐year‐old female with CTEPH. Right heart catheterization showed that the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was 47 mmHg. Her organized thrombi were not surgically accessible, so we performed BPA to improve her hemodynamic status. One session of BPA was performed, but the second session was halted because of iodine‐induced anaphylactic shock. Despite the administration of pulmonary arterial hypertension‐specific drugs for 3 months, the patient's mPAP was still 33 mmHg. CTEPH patients with mPAP ≥30 mmHg have a poor prognosis, so we decided to perform BPA using gadolinium contrast media. A total of six sessions of gadolinium contrast BPA (Gd‐BPA) improved the patient's mPAP to the normal range. Gadolinium contrast media could also be used for visualizing pulmonary arteries during BPA. Our report is the first successful case of Gd‐BPA, which improved the patient's hemodynamic status to the almost normal range. Gd‐BPA may be an attractive treatment option for patients with inoperable CTEPH and severe iodine allergy.
Percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main and bifurcation in octogenarians: Subanalysis from RAIN (veRy thin stents for patients with left mAIn or bifurcatioN in real life)
Authors: Conrotto Federico , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Piroli Francesco , Franzé Alfonso , de Luca Leonardo , Quadri Giorgio , Ryan Nicola , Escaned Javier , Bo Mario , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveOutcomes of complex percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in older patients are still debated.The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of Octogenarian patients treated with ultrathinstents on left main or on coronary bifurcations, compared with younger patients.MethodsAll consecutive patients presenting a critical lesion of an unprotected left main (ULM) or a bifurcation and treated with very thin stents were included in the RAIN (veRy thin stents for patients with left mAIn or bifurcatioN in real life) registry and divided into octogenarians group (OG, 551 patients) and nonoctogenarians (NOGs, 2,453 patients). Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite end point of all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis (ST), was the primary endpoint, while MACE components, cardiovascular (CV) death, and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were the secondary ones.ResultsIndication for PCI was acute coronary syndrome in 64.7% of the OG versus 53.1% of the NOG. Severe calcifications and a diffuse disease were significantly more in OG. After a follow‐up of 15.2 ± 10.3 months, MACEs were higher in the OG than in the NOG patients (OG 19.1% vs. NOG 11.2%, p < .001), along with MI (OG 6% vs. NOG 3.4%, p = .002) and all‐cause death (OG 14% vs. NOG 4.3%, p < .001). In contrast, no significant difference was detected in CV‐death (OG 5.1% vs. NOG 4%, p = .871), TVR/TLR, or ST. At multivariate analysis, age was not an independent predictor of MACE (OR 1.02 CI 95% 0.76–1.38), while it was for all‐cause death, along with diabetes, GFR < 60 ml/min, and ULM disease.DiscussionMidterm outcomes of complex PCI in OG are similar to those of younger patients. However, due to the higher non‐CV death rate, accurate patient selection is mandatory.
Cortical laminar necrosis in an infant with influenza A virus infection
Authors: Yaginuma Kazufumi , Watanabe Masahiro , Suzuki Yuichi , Suyama Kazuhide , Hashimoto Koichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCortical laminar necrosis comprises ischemic neuronal changes and glial reaction. Despite fewer reports in the pediatric population, we encountered a case of cortical laminar necrosis with influenza virus A infection in an infant.
A comparative study of micro‐ and nano‐ZnO films fabricated by sol‐gel syringe spray method
Authors: Zargar Rayees Ahmad , Hassan Malik Mubasher , Boora Navjyoti , Ahmed Imran , Ahmed Sajaad , Nissa Khair‐un , Kumari Sushma , Hafiz Aurangzeb Khurram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSynthesis of ZnO‐based material is becoming more importance as eco‐friendly alternative to traditional production process because of its excellent industrial application. Here, in this paper, we report comparative study of ZnO micro‐ and ZnO nano‐films prepared by low‐cost sol‐gel syringe spray method and then followed by sintering in the muffle furnace at 450°C. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms hexagonal structure with maximum diffraction intensity from (101) plane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm appreciable variation of grain size of micro‐ and nano‐coated films. EDAX spectrum confirms presence of Zn and O elements. An increase in optical band gaps from 3.21 eV for ZnO thick film to 3.40 eV for ZnO nano‐film was observed by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra show a wide absorption band at 1400 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of zinc and oxygen ZnO bond. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit strong ultraviolet emission at room temperature, indicating useful material for short‐wave light‐emitting photonic devices. The DC conductivity measurement from two probe method shows semiconductor characteristics.
Insights into the Mechanism of Gold(I) Oxidation with Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Medina‐Mercado Ignacio , Porcel Susana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, aryldiazonium salts have attracted interest as coupling partners in cross‐coupling reactions mediated by gold. Initially, the presence of a photocatalyst and a light source was needed to achieve gold oxidation with these electrophiles. However, recently, it has been shown that in some instances just heating, light irradiation, or the addition of certain bases and/or nucleophiles is enough. In this review, the transformations developed so far using aryldiazonium salts as electrophiles are summarized with special emphasis on mechanistic studies. The information gained by different authors, indicates that the specific steps of gold oxidation with aryldiazonium salts depends upon the activation mode of the diazonium salt.
Investigation of Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their Noncovalent Ring‐in‐Ring and Fullerene‐in‐Ring Complexes by (Matrix‐Assisted) Laser Desorption/Ionization and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Minameyer Martin B. , Xu Youzhi , Frühwald Stefan , Görling Andreas , von Delius Max , Drewello Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract[n]Cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) with n=5, 8, 10 and 12 and their noncovalent ring‐in‐ring and [m]fullerene‐in‐ring complexes with m=60, 70 and 84 have been studied by direct and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI) and density‐functional theory (DFT). LDI is introduced as a straightforward approach for the sensitive analysis of CPPs, free from unwanted decomposition and without the need of a matrix. The ring‐in‐ring system of [[10]CPP⊃[5]CPP]+. was studied in positive‐ion MALDI. Fragmentation and DFT indicate that the positive charge is exclusively located on the inner ring, while in [[10]CPP⊃C60]+. it is located solely on the outer nanohoop. Positive‐ion MALDI is introduced as a new sensitive method for analysis of CPP⊃fullerene complexes, enabling the detection of novel complexes [[12]CPP⊃C60, 70 and 84]+. and [[10]CPP⊃C84]+.. Selective binding can be observed when mixing one fullerene with two CPPs or vice versa, reflecting ideal size requirements for efficient complex formation. Geometries, binding and fragmentation energies of CPP⊃fullerene complexes from DFT calculations explain the observed fragmentation behavior.