bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding organizational change management: the role of micro and macro influences
Authors: Harden Erika , Ford Lucy R. , Pattie Marshall , Lanier Patricia 
Published: November 2020

PurposeIn response to external conditions, organizations yearn to gain a competitive edge during unremitting change. Recognizing the importance of managing change, researchers have aggressively investigated organizational change at the macro level. This research, however, argues that an employee's ability to cope with change is a function of both micro (individual) and macro (contextual) factors.Design/methodology/approachThe survey data were collected at an organization that was undergoing a significant internal change. Correlational and structural equation modeling techniques were used for data analysis.FindingsThe results suggest that individual differences (intolerance for ambiguity) and contextual factors (LMX, TMX receipts and TMX contributions) are important factors for understanding the ability to manage organizational change effectively. Additionally, it is argued that contextual factors not only have direct effects on coping with change but indirect effects through perceptions of work group effectiveness. Our results indicate that both micro and macro factors are important for understanding the ability to cope with and manage change.Research limitations/implicationsThe research leaves open some interesting questions around the role of contextual factors in coping with change, in addition to the interaction with individual differences.Practical implicationsMost sources discuss change as focused at the organizational level. Managers will be well served to understand that the degree to which employees cope effectively with change will be partly determined by the interaction of individual differences and the organizational and team level context.Originality/valueThis research extends our understanding of the relationship between social exchange relationships and how individuals cope with change in organizations and the mechanism by which that occurs.
The radical ambitions of counter‐radicalization
Authors: Martin Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe “Trojan Horse” scandal laid bare an anxiety at the heart of the British security establishment; an anxiety that brings together questions of identity, values, and security within the demand to manage radicalization. It is an anxiety that, I will argue, reveals a novel conceptualization of threat that has driven the UK’s security and communities policies within the “war on terror.” This conceptualization emerges within Prevent, the UK’s counter‐radicalization strategy. Yet, I argue, the extensive literature on Prevent has failed to adequately articulate this underlying, core logic. To date, the Prevent literature has effectively demonstrated the ways in which Muslim communities in the United Kingdom have been policed through British counter‐radicalization policy. Yet, this analysis struggles to explain the expansion of Prevent into a wider range of “extremist” spaces. In this article, I contend that it is more useful to situate Prevent as a particular conception of power; a logic and an analysis of threat that demands new forms of government intervention. To do so, this article provides a genealogical reading of Prevent, locating it as a radical extension of state security ambitions to intervene early, making explicit a vision of security in which life as a process of becoming is produced as an object of management. The paper draws out the ramifications of this analysis to think through fundamental shifts in the principles and practices of contemporary security aspirations.
Redistribution and progressivity of the Italian personal income tax, 40 years later
Authors: Baldini Massimo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe structure of the Italian personal income tax has undergone several important changes since its introduction in 1974, following a path similar to those in other advanced economies. These modifications have affected its redistributive impact in ways that a priori are not easily identifiable, since they have often moved in divergent directions. The aim of this paper is to study how the redistributive effect (i.e. the ability of the tax to reduce inequality in post‐tax incomes) and progressivity (i.e. the rate at which tax incidence increases with income) of the tax have changed, comparing its structure at the end of the 1970s with its current version. Contrary to what might be expected from the reduction in top marginal tax rates, after 40 years the Italian personal income tax is more redistributive and slightly more globally progressive. A simple decomposition enables one to appreciate the importance that policy choices, inflation and the evolution of income distribution have had in shaping its effects over time. The lack of automatic adjustment mechanisms to inflation has produced a strong monetary fiscal drag effect, dampening the progressivity of the tax and increasing its burden. Policy changes, however, managed to make the tax more redistributive, and not less progressive. Compared with 40 years ago, the incidence of the tax has decreased on lower incomes, while increasing on middle and high incomes.
Interviews with patients aged 6–17 years provide valuable insights for physicians who need to deliver an epilepsy diagnosis
Authors: Jeschke Sarah , Woltermann Sarah , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Pauschek Josefine , Kiess Wieland , Bertsche Thilo , Bertsche Astrid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMeeting children's needs when communicating an epilepsy diagnosis can have a large impact on their treatment. We investigated children's experiences and wishes concerning their first conversation about epilepsy.MethodsThis prospective study was performed in the neuropaediatric departments of two German university hospitals from 2 October 2018 to 12 April 2019. The semi‐structured interview contained open questions, and multiple answers were allowed.ResultsWe interviewed 101 patients (57 male) aged 6–17 (median 11) years and asked them to put themselves in the place of a physician delivering an epilepsy diagnosis. They said they would be careful and friendly and consider the children's feelings (29%), give them detailed information about their condition (29%) and reduce their fears and offer hope (26%). They would tell them the importance of always taking their medication and explain why (25%), make sure that the conversation took place in a comfortable setting (21%), explain any safety precautions (19%), keep the conversation straightforward and provide examples (16%).ConclusionChildren with epilepsy provided concrete recommendations for physicians delivering an epilepsy diagnosis, with regard to the ideal setting, important topics and optimal communication. The recommendations could help physicians meet children's needs.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Fukunaga Yosuke , Mukai Toshiki , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Nagasaki Toshiya , Akiyoshi Takashi , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Nagayama Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication affecting short‐term and long‐term outcomes in rectal cancer surgery. While laparoscopic low anterior resection is a widespread procedure, the risk factors for AL are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for AL after laparoscopic low anterior resection with double stapling technique (DST) anastomosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of laparoscopic low anterior resection with DST anastomosis for rectal cancer between January 2010 and February 2019. Finally, a total of 1197 patients were eligible for the study. Twenty‐five variables were collected for univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAL occurred in 49 patients (4.1%). In multivariate analysis, blood loss (≥70 mL) and no defunctioning stoma were independent risk factors (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08‐4.34; P = .030 and OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.66‐6.37; P = .0003, respectively). In addition, risk factors for AL were analyzed in 601 patients without defunctioning stoma. As a result, AL occurred in 36 patients (6.0%) and multivariate analysis demonstrated that blood loss (≥70 mL) and anastomotic level from anal verge (<5 cm) were independent risk factors (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.24‐7.44; P = .016 and OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.14‐4.69; P = .020, respectively).ConclusionLaparoscopic low anterior resection is feasible and safe with a low AL rate. Important factors associated with AL were blood loss and defunctioning stoma. Without defunctioning stoma, blood loss and distal anastomosis are also important factors.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease research by using big data
Authors: Rhee Chin Kook 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the information technology develops, large amount of data has been stored. The digitalisation of the health‐care system enables researchers to use big data easily. Big data have been utilised for valuable source for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research. Various sources of data are now available including nationwide claim data and primary care database. Recently, web data are also used in COPD research. Each different data source has strengths and weaknesses. Merging different data can overcome the limitation of big data research. Future direction of big data research is to integrate multiple big data.
Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA for upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized repeat‐treatment study
Authors: Delgado Mauricio R , Tilton Ann , Carranza‐Del Río Jorge , Dursun Nigar , Bonikowski Marcin , Aydin Resa , Maciag‐Tymecka Iwona , Oleszek Joyce , Dabrowski Edward , Grandoulier Anne‐Sophie , Picaut Philippe ,   the Dysport in PUL study group
Published: November 2020

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of repeat abobotulinumtoxinA injections in reducing upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a double‐blind, repeat‐cycle study (NCT02106351) in children with CP (2–17y). Children were randomized to receive 2U/kg (control), 8U/kg, or 16U/kg abobotulinumtoxinA injections into the target muscle group (wrist or elbow flexors) and additional muscles alongside occupational therapy via a home‐exercise therapy program (HETP; minimum five 15min sessions/wk). Children received 8U/kg or 16U/kg plus HETP in cycles 2 to 4.ResultsDuring cycle 1, 210 children (126 males, 84 females; mean age [SD] 9y [4y 5mo], range 2–17y; n=70/group) had at least one upper limb abobotulinumtoxinA injection and 209 complied with the HETP. At week 6 of cycle 1, children in the 8U/kg or 16U/kg groups had significantly lower Modified Ashworth scale scores versus the 2U/kg group (primary outcome: treatment differences of –0.4 [p=0.012] and –0.7 [p<0.001] respectively). All groups improved on Physician Global Assessment and children in all groups achieved their treatment goals at least as expected. Therapeutic benefits were sustained during cycles 2 to 4; muscular weakness was the only treatment‐related adverse event reported in at least one child/group (4.3% and 5.7% vs 1.4% respectively).InterpretationTreatment with 8U/kg or 16U/kg abobotulinumtoxinA significantly reduced upper limb spasticity versus the 2U/kg control dose. Therapeutic benefits of abobotulinumtoxinA plus HETP were sustained with repeat treatment cycles.What this paper adds

AbobotulinumtoxinA injections significantly reduced upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

Children treated with abobotulinumtoxinA and targeted home exercises showed global improvement and goal attainment.

Benefits were sustained over 1 year with repeat cycles of abobotulinumtoxinA and home exercises.

AbobotulinumtoxinA injections into the upper limb were well tolerated over 1 year.
Prediabetes, heart mechanics, and echocardiography: A narrative review
Authors: Davarpasand Tahereh , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrediabetes is a dysglycemic state that affects many around the world and is a known risk factor for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future, accompanied by vascular complications. Evidence abounds regarding myocardial involvement in prediabetes. We herein review studies having applied tissue Doppler imaging or speckle‐tracking echocardiography to evaluate myocardial function in subjects with prediabetes to depict a picture of cardiac mechanics in individuals with prediabetes in comparison with patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and individuals in the normoglycemic state. Finally, we present the detrimental effects of prediabetes on cardiac mechanics.
Gender differences in dentistry: A qualitative study on students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry at higher education
Authors: Kærsgaard Jens Laurs Brøndum , Christensen Mette Krogh , Søndergaard Pernille Yde , Naukkarinen Johanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaving a balanced gender distribution is thought to ensure the diversity of knowledge and know‐how and take better into account the different needs in society. The aim of the study is to explore and understand possible gender differences in (a) the students’ motivational spectrum to choose a dental education and (b) their prospect of a professional career in dentistry.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with male and female dental students (n = 14) followed by a theoretical reading based on Self‐Determination Theory to explore the students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry in Denmark.ResultsRegardless gender, the dental students are motivated by role models, people orientation and strong interest in health sciences, but prefer dentistry to medicine, because of the responsibilities and working conditions. They were also motivated by the dental school's combination of theory and practice in students’ learning of craftsmanship. Moreover, students valued the prospect of job security and a good work‐life balance. However, there were markedly gender differences in motivation in relation to financial incentives as well as working life and career as a dentist, as it seemed that dental students needed gendered relatedness in relation to specialisation and employment in public versus private sector.ConclusionThe motivational spectrum varies widely, regardless of gender. In line with the standpoint feminist theory, a balanced gender distribution in dental education helps to meet the different needs in society and labour market. Consequently, a gender‐sensitive recruitment strategy reflecting the gender differences in identities, knowledge and interests will be needed.
Comparison between students’ self‐assessment, and visual and digital assessment techniques in dental anatomy wax‐up grading
Authors: Abdalla Rowida , Bishop Susan S. , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro G. , Bertoli Elizangela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDigital technology has the potential to provide a bias‐free evaluation instrument for practical examination grading. E4D Compare software was designed for teaching institutions to allow comparison between scanned models prepared by students and master models prepared by instructors. The aim of this study was to determine the tolerance value for the E4D compare software (E4D Technologies LLC, Richardson, TX, USA) that provides scores comparable with faculty grades for wax‐ups #23 and #19. Additionally, this study sought to assess the correlation between students’ self‐assessments, visual and digital grades and the reliability of the software.MethodsStudent wax‐ups (n = 112) were uploaded into the software and then compared with faculty‐generated master wax‐ups. Digital grading was performed at tolerances 200–800 μm in 50 μm increments and was repeated twice.ResultsA tolerance of 350 μm was the closest to faculty grades for #23 and 500 μm was the closest for #19. Visual and digital grades showed moderate to high correlation for both wax‐ups. Correlations between students’ self‐assessments and visual and digital grades improved with #19 versus #23. A near‐perfect correlation was found between grades at the first and second digital grading sessions.ConclusionsThe tolerance that closely matches faculty grades differs according to the tooth type. The software provided consistent grades and correlated well with faculty grades. Students’ self‐assessment skills improved as they proceeded throughout the course. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the role of the software in improving students’ self‐assessment skills.
Deep learning techniques for recommender systems based on collaborative filtering
Authors: Martins Guilherme Brandão , Papa João Paulo , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Big Data Era, recommender systems perform a fundamental role in data management and information filtering. In this context, Collaborative Filtering (CF) persists as one of the most prominent strategies to effectively deal with large datasets and is capable of offering users interesting content in a recommendation fashion. Nevertheless, it is well‐known CF recommenders suffer from data sparsity, mainly in cold‐start scenarios, substantially reducing the quality of recommendations. In the vast literature about the aforementioned topic, there are numerous solutions, in which the state‐of‐the‐art contributions are, in some sense, conditioned or associated with traditional CF methods such as Matrix Factorization (MF), that is, they rely on linear optimization procedures to model users and items into low‐dimensional embeddings. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, there has been an increasing number of studies exploring deep learning techniques in the CF context for latent factor modelling. In this research, authors conduct a systematic review focusing on state‐of‐the‐art literature on deep learning techniques applied in collaborative filtering recommendation, and also featuring primary studies related to mitigating the cold start problem. Additionally, authors considered the diverse non‐linear modelling strategies to deal with rating data and side information, the combination of deep learning techniques with traditional CF‐based linear methods, and an overview of the most used public datasets and evaluation metrics concerning CF scenarios.
Reconstruction of Miocene to Pleistocene sea‐surface conditions in the eastern Indian Ocean on the basis of calcareous nannofossil assemblages from ODP Hole 757B
Authors: Imai Ryo , Sato Tokiyuki , Chiyonobu Shun , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe studied the calcareous nannofossil assemblages from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 757B in the eastern Indian Ocean to reconstruct the sea‐surface conditions, especially changes in thermocline/nutricline depth, from the middle Miocene to the Pleistocene. Nutrient levels at the sea surface were reconstructed from the nannofossil accumulation rate, abundance of Discoaster, and coccolith size variations in Reticulofenestra. The sea‐surface conditions were likely to have been oligotrophic with a deep thermocline/nutricline during 11.8–7.5 and 6.7–6.2 Ma. The change from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions at 7.5–6.7 Ma was caused by an influx of nutrient‐rich terrestrial material or upwelling of nutrient‐rich water induced by intensified southeast trade winds. This conclusion is supported by a marked increase in the magnetic susceptibility of the sediment that is coincident with the change from oligotrophic to eutrophic assemblages. The diminished abundance of Discoaster after ~ 3.0 Ma indicates shallowing of the thermocline/nutricline after that time, which confirms the reduced Indonesian Throughflow resulting from tectonic restriction and intensified cooling of the Benguela upwelling system. Decreases in the modal coccolith size of Reticulofenestra, indicating eutrophic conditions, are observed in three horizons. Two of these events (at 7.5 and 5.0 Ma) correspond to biogenic blooms in the Indian Ocean at 7.6 Ma and 6.0–5.0 Ma, respectively.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of polymer‐derived, metal‐reinforced boron carbide cermet composites
Authors: Dyatkin Boris , Laskoski Matthew , Edelen William K. , Qadri Syed B. , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe report on a novel polymer‐derived synthesis approach that yields boron carbide monoliths and metal‐reinforced B4C cermets. This single‐step approach relies on a preceramic powder blend of boron and an acetylenic resin with a high char yield. At low temperatures below 1500°C and without applied pressures, preceramic precursor reaction bond together and form nanocrystalline refractory B4C matrices. Resulting near net shape boron, carbide monoliths exhibit small crystal grain sizes, maintain chemical purity, and exhibit morphological homogeneity. We reinforce the refractory carbide with five different metals and demonstrate the influence of each on the density, hardness, oxidation stability, and electronic conductivity of resulting cermet composites. We assess the optimal synthesis and reinforcement strategies that tailor these nanostructured materials for inexpensive and high‐performing engineering applications.
“Production + procurement” outsourcing with competitive contract manufacturer's partial learning and supplier's price discrimination
Authors: Niu Baozhuang , Zeng Fanzhuo , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is widely observed that many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have relied on contract manufacturers (CMs) for production, even if the CMs have self‐branded business. However, outsourcing “production + procurement” indicates deep cooperation between OEMs and CMs, and hence, induces the CMs to partially but legally learn the OEM's innovations. In this paper, we formulate an OEM's procurement outsourcing decisions to a competitive CM when the latter has partial learning ability. We formulate the OEM's trade‐offs between its procurement cost saving and the intensified downstream competition because of the competitive CM's improved products. We find that the OEM prefers outsourcing “production + procurement” when the competitive CM's learning ability is either low or high. The CM's high learning ability will lower the OEM's marginal revenue but the OEM can save innovation investment cost if he outsources “production + procurement”. We also study the impact of the competitive CM's improved learning ability and the OEM's license fee charged to the competitive CM.
Does talking about end of life with adults with intellectual disability cause emotional discomfort or psychological harm?
Authors: Stancliffe Roger J. , Wiese Michele Y. , Read Sue , Jeltes Gail , Barton Rebecca , Clayton Josephine M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers often avoid involving people with intellectual disability in end‐of‐life discussions and activities. One reason is fear that the person may become upset or psychologically harmed.MethodsPre and post a 6‐month intervention about end of life, we assessed depression, anxiety, and fear of death among intervention (n = 24) and comparison (n = 20) participants with intellectual disability. End‐of‐life ‘encounters’ (conversations/activities about end of life) were monitored, including comfort ratings.ResultsOverall, 79% of encounters were rated very comfortable/somewhat comfortable. Participants initiated 69% of encounters. There was no significant pre–post change in depression or fear of death. Anxiety improved significantly.ConclusionsThis is the first controlled, longitudinal study providing robust evidence about whether discussing end of life leads to emotional discomfort or psychological harm. Data showed adults with intellectual disability can safely engage in conversations/activities about end of life. The high percentage of participant‐initiated encounters showed participants wanted to talk about end of life.