bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗМІНИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ АНТИОКСИДАНТНО-ПРООКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ТКАНИНІ ЛЕГЕНЬ ЗА УМОВ ТРАВМИ ОРГАНІВ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ, ГІПОВОЛЕМІЧНОГО ШОКУ ТА РЕПЕРФУЗІЇ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК В ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТІ
Authors: Fedoseeva O. V. 
Published: May 2020

Вступ. У статті наведено результати експериментального дослідження, під час якого вивчали вплив реперфузії нижніх кінцівок на зміни показників антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи у тканині легень при закритій травмі органів черевної порожнини та масивній зовнішній крововтраті. Вони показали, що реперфузія нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні з модельованими травмами викликає значну активацію системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів протягом 7-ми днів посттравматичного періоду.
Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи у тканині легень на моделі поєднаної травми органів черевної порожнини, гіповолемічного шоку та реперфузії нижніх кінцівок.
Методи дослідження. Експеримент проведено на 80-ти нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 190–220 г. У дослідних групах було змодельовано реперфузію нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні із закритою травмою органів черевної порожнини на тлі масивної крововтрати та проаналізовано динаміку змін показників ТБК-активних продуктів і каталази. На основі цих даних розраховували антиоксидантно-прооксидантний індекс. Достовірність відмінностей між контрольною та дослідними групами оцінювали з використанням непараметричного критерію Манна – Уїтні.
Результати й обговорення. Результати аналізу змін системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у дослідних групах свідчать про те, що накладання кровоспинних джгутів на обидві нижні кінцівки піддослідних тварин викликало значну активацію цієї системи протягом 7-ми днів після моделювання травми. Поєднання закритої травми органів черевної порожнини з масивною крововтратою і реперфузією кінцівки призвело до виникнення тривалого оксидативного стресу, а зниження антиоксидантно-прооксидантного індексу – до виснаження антиоксидантних механізмів.
Висновок. Накладання кровоспинних джгутів на дві нижні кінцівки на 2 год викликає тривалу активацію системи ліпідної пероксидації, що підтверджується статистично достовірним (р<0,05) збільшенням вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів з максимумом через 3 доби.
What’s in a (Change of) Name? Much—but Not That Much—and Not What Wiebe Claims
Authors: Fujiwara Satoko , Jensen Tim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Donald Wiebe claims that the IAHR leadership (already before an Extended Executive Committee (EEC) meeting in Delphi) had decided to water down the academic standards of the IAHR with a proposal to change its name to “International Association for the Study of Religions.” His criticism, we argue, is based on a series of misunderstandings as regards: 1) the difference between the consultative body (EEC) and the decision-making body (EC), 2) the difference between the preliminary points of view of individuals and final proposals by the EC, 3) personal conversations, 4) the link between the proposal to change the name and the wish to tighten up the academic profile of the IAHR. Moreover, if the final decision-making bodies, the International Committee and the General Assembly, adopt the proposal, the new name as little as the old can make the IAHR more or less scientific. Tightening up the academic, scientific profile of the IAHR takes more than a change of name.
Literati Connoisseurship of Tanci Flower Registers in Late Qing Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the flourishment of tanci 彈詞 performance, flower registers (huapu 花譜) that ranked and catalogued female tanci performers began to emerge in late Qing Shanghai. In this article, I treat the writing of flower registers as an act of collecting—a cultural practice of gathering, selecting, and publicizing artistic tastes. Focusing exclusively on the shuyu 書寓 entertainers in huapu discourses, I investigate the dynamics between the shuyu entertainers and the huapu writers: how they competed to (re)define the new ideals in beauty, talent, and virtue. Amid the networks of literati connoisseurship, urban legends, and new business models, female tanci performers were active participants of the huapu writing practice, both catering to literati expectations and subtly changing the rules of the game. By examining the various huapu discourses, I aim to gain a more nuanced reading of gender representation in late Qing Shanghai.
New Gnamptodontinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China and Vietnam, with two genera new for China and seven new species
Authors: TIAN XIAO-XIA , VAN ACHTERBERG CORNELIS , WU JIA-XUAN , TAN JIANG-LI 
Published: May 2020

The genus Pseudognaptodon Fischer, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Gnamptodontinae) is reported for the first time from the Palaearctic region, Neognamptodon Belokobylskij, 1999 is new for the Oriental region and both genera are new for China. Seven new species are described and fully illustrated: Pseudognaptodon sinensis Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Shaanxi), P. curvinervis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. bidoupensis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. longi van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam, Neognamptodon laticauda Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Yunnan), Tamdaona brevizona van Achterberg, sp. n. and T. sculpturata van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam. A key to the tribes and genera of the Gnamptodontinae are given, together with keys to species of Pseudognaptodon (Old World), Neognamptodon, and Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1994. The phylogeny and distribution of the Gnamptodontinae is discussed, Tamdaona Belokobylskij, is transferred from the Exothecinae to the Gnamptodontinae, and included in a new tribe, Tamdaonini van Achterberg, trib. n., together with Neognamptodon Belokobylskij. Gnamptodon novobritannicus Fischer, 1971, from Bismarck Archipelago is transferred to the latter genus (Neognamptodon novobritannicus (Fischer, 1971) comb. n.). Pseudognaptodon striatus Williams, 2004 (not P. striatus Braga & Penteado-Dias, 2002), is renamed P. williamsi van Achterberg, nom. n., and P. carinatus Williams, 2004 (not P. carinatus Cirelli & Penteado-Dias, 2002) is renamed P. carinatoides van Achterberg, nom. n. Tobiasnusa Papp, 2004, is a new synonym of Alysdacnusa Tobias & Perepetchayenko, 1995 (syn. n.) and Alysdacnusa atomus (Papp, 2004) is a new combination (comb. n.).
PDO-Related Wintertime Atmospheric Anomalies over the Midlatitude North Pacific: Local versus Remote SST Forcing
Authors: Tao Lingfeng , Yang Xiu-Qun , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObserved wintertime atmospheric anomalies over the central North Pacific associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) are characterized by a cold/trough (warm/ridge) structure, that is, an anomalous equivalent barotropic low (high) over a negative (positive) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly. While the midlatitude atmosphere has its own strong internal variabilities, to what degree local SST anomalies can affect the midlatitude atmospheric variability remains unclear. To identify such an impact, three atmospheric general circulation model experiments each having a 63-yr-long simulation are conducted. The control run forced by observed global SST reproduces well the observed PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) structure. However, the removal of the midlatitude North Pacific SST variabilities in the first sensitivity run reduces the atmospheric response by roughly one-third. In the second sensitivity run in which large-scale North Pacific SST variabilities are mostly kept, but their frontal-scale meridional gradients are sharply smoothed, simulated PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) anomalies are also reduced by nearly one-third. Dynamical diagnoses exhibit that such a reduction is primarily due to the weakened transient eddy activities that are induced by weakened meridional SST gradient anomalies, in which the transient eddy vorticity forcing plays a crucial role. Therefore, it is suggested that midlatitude North Pacific SST anomalies make a considerable (approximately one-third) contribution to the observed PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) anomalies in which the frontal-scale meridional SST gradient (oceanic front) is a key player, although most of those atmospheric anomalies are determined by the SST variabilities outside of the midlatitude North Pacific.
Synoptic Characteristics of 14-Day Extreme Precipitation Events across the United States
Authors: Jennrich Gregory C. , Furtado Jason C. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Martin Elinor R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough significant improvements have been made to the prediction and understanding of extreme precipitation events in recent decades, there is still much to learn about these impactful events on the subseasonal time scale. This study focuses on identifying synoptic patterns and precursors ahead of an extreme precipitation event over the contiguous United States (CONUS). First, we provide a robust definition for 14-day “extreme precipitation events” and partition the CONUS into six different geographic regions to compare and contrast the synoptic patterns associated with events in those regions. Then, several atmospheric variables from ERA-Interim (e.g., geopotential height and zonal winds) are composited to understand the evolution of the atmospheric state before and during a 14-day extreme precipitation event. Common synoptic signals seen during events include significant zonally oriented trough–ridge patterns, an energized subtropical jet stream, and enhanced moisture transport into the affected area. Also, atmospheric-river activity increases in the specific region during these events. Modes of climate variability and lagged composites are then investigated for their potential use in lead-time prediction. Key findings include synoptic-scale anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean and regional connections to modes such as the Pacific–North American pattern and the North Pacific Oscillation. Taken together, our results represent a significant step forward in understanding the evolution of 14-day extreme precipitation events for potential damage and casualty mitigation.
Dusty Atmospheric Rivers: Characteristics and Origins
Authors: Voss Kara K. , Evan Amato T. , Prather Kimbery A. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (AR) are narrow bands of strong horizontal transport of water vapor in the midlatitudes that can cause extreme precipitation, which contributes to beneficial water supply and sometimes flooding. The precipitation productivity of an AR is affected by microphysical processes, including the influence of aerosols. Earlier case studies have shown that some ARs over the North Pacific Ocean contain dust from Africa and Asia that can strongly influence precipitation by acting as ice nuclei. This paper explores how commonly dust and ARs occur together, or in close proximity. A “dust score” is introduced to characterize the dustiness of the environment associated with ARs by using satellite-based observations. This method is applied to days on which one or more ARs made landfall along the west coast of the United States between 2001 and 2018. The dust score is used to describe the seasonality and year-to-year variability of dusty-environment ARs. Dusty ARs occur primarily in the early spring (March–April), and dust is preferentially found within the warm sector of AR-associated extratropical cyclones and is also enhanced in the cold sector. Year-to-year variability in dust score is dependent more on year-to-year variability in dust than on the frequency of AR days. This year-to-year variability is also strongly related to correlations between the frequency of ARs and the dustiness of the northeastern Pacific, motivating additional investigation into potential dynamical association between dust and ARs.
Mitigating the Impact of Azimuthal Sampling on the Strength of Radar-Observed Circulations
Authors: Nai Feng , Torres Sebastián , Curtis Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere thunderstorms and their associated tornadoes pose significant threats to life and property, and using radar data to accurately measure the rotational velocity of circulations in thunderstorms is essential for appropriate, timely warnings. One key factor in accurately measuring circulation velocity is the azimuthal spacing between radar data points, which is referred to as the azimuthal sampling interval. Previous studies have shown that reducing the azimuthal sampling interval can aid in measuring circulation velocity; however, this comes at the price of increased computational complexity. Thus, choosing the best compromise requires knowledge of the relationship between the radar azimuthal sampling interval and the accuracy of the circulation strength as measured from the radar data. In this work, we use simulations to quantify the impact of azimuthal sampling on the strength of radar-observed circulations and show that the improvements get progressively smaller as the azimuthal sampling interval decreases. Thus, improved characterization of circulations can be achieved without using the finest possible sampling grid. We use real data to validate the results of the simulations, which can be used to inform the selection of an appropriate azimuthal sampling interval that balances the accuracy of the radar-observed circulations and computational complexity.
A 10-Year Radar-Based Climatology of Mesoscale Convective System Archetypes and Derechos in Poland
Authors: Surowiecki Artur , Taszarek Mateusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a 10-yr (2008–17) radar-based mesoscale convective system (MCS) and derecho climatology for Poland is presented. This is one of the first attempts of a European country to investigate morphological and precipitation archetypes of MCSs as prior studies were mostly based on satellite data. Despite its ubiquity and significance for society, economy, agriculture, and water availability, little is known about the climatological aspects of MCSs over central Europe. Our results indicate that MCSs are not rare in Poland as an annual mean of 77 MCSs and 49 days with MCS can be depicted for Poland. Their lifetime ranges typically from 3 to 6 h, with initiation time around the afternoon hours (1200–1400 UTC) and dissipation stage in the evening (1900–2000 UTC). The most frequent morphological type of MCSs is a broken line (58% of cases), then areal/cluster (25%), and then quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS; 17%), which are usually associated with a bow echo (72% of QLCS). QLCS are the feature with the longest life cycle. Among precipitation archetypes of linear MCSs, trailing stratiform (73%) and parallel stratiform (25%) are the most common. MCSs are usually observed from April to September, with a peak in mid-July. A majority of MCSs travels from the west, southwest, and south sectors. A total of 16 derecho events were identified (1.5% of all MCS and 9.1% of all QLCS); the majority of them were produced by a warm-season QLCS, whereas only 4 were produced by cold-season narrow cold-frontal rainbands. Warm-season derechos produced a bigger impact than did cold-season events, even though their damage paths were shorter.
Outer Tropical Cyclone Rainbands Associated with Typhoon Matmo (2014)
Authors: Yu Cheng-Ku , Cheng Lin-Wen , Wu Chun-Chieh , Tsai Chia-Lun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
On 23 July 2014, a commercial aircraft (GE222) crashed near the Ma-Gong Airport on Penghu Island off the southwestern coast of Taiwan as it struggled to land in the stormy weather that was caused by the outer tropical cyclone rainbands (OTCRs) of Typhoon Matmo. This study aims to document the detailed aspects of airflow and precipitation of OTCRs through high-resolution radar and surface observations and to identify how these observed structures contribute to aviation weather hazards. Analyses indicate that the weather at the airport was significantly influenced by the passage of three OTCRs (R1, R2, and R3), and these rainbands share common characteristics of squall-line-like airflow and precipitation structures. As GE222 descended to approach the runway and flew immediately behind and roughly parallel to the leading edge of R3, the aircraft encountered the heaviest precipitation of the rainband and the prominent crosswind that was a manifestation of the rear-to-front flow generated locally by the rainband. The heavy rain–induced poor visibility and the occurrence of strong crosswinds were primary weather hazards affecting this flight event. Momentum budget analyses suggest that the frontward pressure gradient force provided by the near-surface, convectively generated mesohigh played a major role in driving the low-level rear-to-front flow inside the band. The results from the present study imply that closely monitoring convective activities in the outer regions of tropical cyclones and their potential transformation into squall-line-like storms is crucial to complement the routine aviation alert of severe weather under the influence of tropical cyclones.
Simulation in perfusion: evaluating the efficacy of a specific training with eye-tracking
Authors: Gierig Sina , Merkle Frank , Pawelke Cynthia , Müller-Plath Gisela 
Published: May 2020

Background: With the aim of integrating simulation training into the training of perfusionists, we examined whether the participants were able to transfer a specific learning content to the same and different situations and assessed their feedback on the simulation training. Eye-tracking was tested as a measure and supplemented by additional measures. Methods: A 2 × 2 mixed design was used, with test time (pre- and post-test) and training group (same and different content training) as factors. In the pre- and post-test, the participant had to handle a critical situation on the cardiopulmonary bypass, namely, a drop in arterial partial oxygen pressure. Between the two test times, the participant practised under guidance the handling of either the same critical situation (Group 1) or a different one, that is, impaired venous return (Group 2). Dependent measures were fixations of the eyes on specific areas of interest on the heart-lung machine, measures of latency and subjective assessments. Moreover, participants gave feedback on the simulation training. Results: Fixation analyses showed that the training led to an increased gaze on areas of interest relevant to the drop in arterial partial oxygen pressure in both groups, with a significant increase only for Group 1. The surveys revealed a great interest in the integration of simulation training into education. Conclusion: In combination with other measures, eye-tracking is suitable for the evaluation of simulation training. Due to the positive training effects and positive participant feedback, the integration of simulation into the training of perfusionists is advocated. Concerning transfer of learning content, more research is needed.
The impacts and effectiveness of support for people bereaved through advanced illness: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Harrop Emily , Morgan Fiona , Longo Mirella , Semedo Lenira , Fitzgibbon Jim , Pickett Sara , Scott Hannah , Seddon Kathy , Sivell Stephanie , Nelson Annmarie , Byrne Anthony 
Published: May 2020

Background: Bereavement support is a key component of palliative care, with different types of support recommended according to need. Previous reviews have typically focused on specialised interventions and have not considered more generic forms of support, drawing on different research methodologies. Aim: To review the quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effectiveness and impact of interventions and services providing support for adults bereaved through advanced illness. Design: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted, with narrative synthesis of quantitative results and thematic synthesis of qualitative results. The review protocol is published in PROSPERO ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero , CRD42016043530). Data sources: The databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Social Policy and Practice were searched from 1990 to March 2019. Studies were included which reported evaluation results of bereavement interventions, following screening by two independent researchers. Study quality was assessed using GATE checklists. Results: A total of 31 studies were included, reporting on bereavement support groups, psychological and counselling interventions and a mix of other forms of support. Improvements in study outcomes were commonly reported, but the quality of the quantitative evidence was generally poor or mixed. Three main impacts were identified in the qualitative evidence, which also varied in quality: ‘loss and grief resolution’, ‘sense of mastery and moving ahead’ and ‘social support’. Conclusion: Conclusions on effectiveness are limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity in study populations, models of care and outcomes. The qualitative evidence suggests several cross-cutting benefits and helps explain the impact mechanisms and contextual factors that are integral to the support.
Preventive but nontherapeutic effect of danshensu on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Liu Guang , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Jinli , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2020

Objectives Danshensu is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We previously demonstrated its preventive effect against early-stage hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in a rat model. To determine whether danshensu treatment might be useful for patients with chronic HPH, we examined its therapeutic effect in rats with prolonged HPH. Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received danshensu (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg) during or after hypoxia exposure to assess preventive and therapeutic effects, respectively. Right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), and mean left carotid artery pressure (mCAP) were measured in each group. Western blotting was used to assess transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression levels in rats and cultured cells exposed to hypoxia. Results Preventive danshensu treatment significantly reduced the elevation of RVSP and RVHI in rats exposed to hypoxia, whereas therapeutic danshensu treatment did not; mCAP did not change in any treatment group. The increased expression levels of TGF-β induced by hypoxia were inhibited by preventive danshensu treatment, but not by therapeutic danshensu treatment. Conclusions Although danshensu treatment could prevent HPH, it had no obvious therapeutic effect after development of HPH. Therefore, danshensu might be suitable for clinical treatment of early-stage HPH.