bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Correction Method of Environmental Meteorological Model Based on Long‐Short‐Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Dai Yuliang , Lu Zhenyu , Zhang Hengde , Zhan Tianming , Lu Jia , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCorrection method can reduce the high deviation between the prediction results of numerical model and the observation results and improve the prediction accuracy. Based on the numerical models, including Rapid Refresh Multi‐scale Analysis and Prediction System‐CHEM and CMA Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment, and combined with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts meteorological field model data, a correction method of environmental meteorological model based on Long‐Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed in this paper. The method mainly includes the following steps: First, the meteorological factors that have the main influence on the PM2.5 concentration are selected by the correlation coefficient method; at the same time, the forecast results of numerical models are used as additional factors, and these factors are taken as the initial characteristics of the LSTM. Then, the network parameters of the LSTM are trained by initial characteristics and corresponding observation data, and the mapping relationship between the input factors and the output PM2.5 concentration is established. Finally, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts data of March 2018 are selected to test the prediction performance of LSTM correction method. Results show that compared with single environment meteorological model, the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error, and the mean absolute error between forecasted and observed PM2.5 concentration in 3–72 hr increased from 0.35–0.7 to 0.55–0.75, decreased from 45.3–67.46 to 37.74–53.7 μg/m3, and decreased by 7.86–16.52%, respectively. It indicates that the forecast performance of LSTM correction model is better than single environment meteorological model.
Postmagmatic Tectonic Evolution of the Outer Izu‐Bonin Forearc Revealed by Sediment Basin Structure and Vein Microstructure Analysis: Implications for a 15 Ma Hiatus Between Pacific Plate Subduction Initiation and Forearc Extension
Authors: Kurz W. , Micheuz P. , Christeson G. L. , Reagan M. , Shervais J. W. , Kutterolf S. , Robertson A. , Krenn K. , Michibayashi K. , Quandt D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInternational Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 352 recovered sedimentary‐volcaniclastic successions and extensional structures (faults and extensional veins) that allow the reconstruction of the Izu‐Bonin forearc tectonic evolution using a combination of shipboard core data, seismic reflection images, and calcite vein microstructure analysis. The oldest recorded biostratigraphic ages within fault‐bounded sedimentary basins (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene) imply a ~15 Ma hiatus between the formation of the igneous basement (52 to 50 Ma) and the onset of sedimentation. At the upslope sites (U1439 and U1442) extension led to the formation of asymmetric basins reflecting regional stretch of ~16–19% at strain rates of ~1.58 × 10−16 to 4.62 × 10−16 s−1. Downslope Site U1440 (closer to the trench) is characterized by a symmetric graben bounded by conjugate normal faults reflecting regional stretch of ~55% at strain rates of 4.40 × 10−16 to 1.43 × 10−15 s−1. Mean differential stresses are in the range of ~70–90 MPa. We infer that upper plate extension was triggered by incipient Pacific Plate rollback ~15 Ma after subduction initiation. Extension was accommodated by normal faulting with syntectonic sedimentation during Late Eocene to Early Oligocene times. Backarc extension was assisted by magmatism with related Shikoku and Parece‐Vela Basin spreading at ~25 Ma, so that parts of the arc and rear arc, and the West Philippine backarc Basin were dismembered from the forearc. This was followed by slow‐rift to postrift sedimentation during the transition from forearc to arc rifting to spreading within the Shikoku‐Parece‐Vela Basin system.
Polyphase Mid‐Latitude Glaciation on Mars: Chronology of the Formation of Superposed Glacier‐Like Forms from Crater‐Count Dating
Authors: Hepburn A. J. , Ng F. S. L. , Livingstone S. J. , Holt T. O. , Hubbard B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReconstructing Mars's glacial history informs understanding of its physical environment and past climate. The known distribution of viscous flow features (VFFs) containing water ice suggests that its mid‐latitudes were glaciated during the Late Amazonian period (the last several hundred million years). The identification of a subgroup of VFFs—called superposed glacier like forms (SGLFs)—flowing onto other VFFs, indicates multiple glacial phases may have occurred during this time. To explore the history and spatial extent of these glaciations, we record the distribution of SGLFs globally and use impact‐crater counting to date the SGLFs and the VFFs onto which they flow. Our inventory expands the handful of SGLFs reported in earlier literature to include 320 located throughout the mid‐latitudes. Our dating reveals these SGLFs to be much younger than their underlying VFFs, which implies a spatially‐asynchronous glaciation. SGLFs have been forming since ∼65 Ma, and their ages are clustered in two distinct groups around 2–20 and 45–65 Ma, whereas the ages of their underlying VFFs span the last ∼300 Ma diffusely. We discuss these results in the light of well‐known uncertainties with the crater‐dating method and infer that while ice sheets decayed over the Late Amazonian period, alpine glaciers waxed and waned in at least two major cycles before their final demise approximately two million years ago.
Advances in Modeling Interactions Between Sea Ice and Ocean Surface Waves
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Horvat Christopher , Dean Samuel M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent field programs have highlighted the importance of the composite nature of the sea ice mosaic to the climate system. Accordingly, we previously developed a process‐based prognostic model that captures key characteristics of the sea ice floe size distribution and its evolution subject to melting, freezing, new ice formation, welding, and fracture by ocean surface waves. Here we build upon this earlier work, demonstrating a new coupling between the sea ice model and ocean surface waves and a new physically based parameterization for new ice formation in open water. The experiments presented here are the first to include two‐way interactions between prognostically evolving waves and sea ice on a global domain. The simulated area‐average floe perimeter has a similar magnitude to existing observations in the Arctic and exhibits plausible spatial variability. During the melt season, wave fracture is the dominant FSD process driving changes in floe perimeter per unit sea ice area—the quantity that determines the concentration change due to lateral melt—highlighting the importance of wave‐ice interactions for marginal ice zone thermodynamics. We additionally interpret the results to target spatial scales and processes for which floe size observations can most effectively improve model fidelity.
VGLL4 interacts with STAT3 to function as a tumor suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Song Hongming , Luo Qifeng , Deng Xiaochong , Ji Changle , Li Dengfeng , Munankarmy Amik , Jian Wei , Zhao Junyong , Fang Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and there are no effective molecular-targeted drugs for TNBC patients in clinical practice. The JAK-STAT pathway is implicated in tumorigenesis and the progression of various cancers. In this study, the results demonstrated that VGLL4 is expressed at low levels in both TNBC specimens and cell lines and that VGLL4 expression is negatively correlated with Ki67 expression and tumor size in TNBC patients. VGLL4 knockdown can promote the growth of TNBC cells, while VGLL4 overexpression significantly suppresses the growth of TNBC cells in vitro. More importantly, VGLL4 significantly inhibits tumor progression in a nude mouse model. In addition, VGLL4 is a direct target of miR-454, and the upregulation of miR-454 decreases VGLL4 expression and promotes the cell growth of TNBC cells. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that VGLL4 interacts with STAT3, the core component of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to the inactivation of STAT3 and the inhibition of STAT3 downstream transcription. Collectively, these findings indicate that VGLL4 expression is negatively associated with poor prognosis in TNBC patients. High expression of miR-454 may be one of the causes of the downregulation of VGLL4 in TNBC, and VGLL4 acts as a tumor suppressor in TNBC by interacting with STAT3 and subsequently suppresses the STAT3 signaling axis, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for this fatal disease.
The landscape of multiscale transcriptomic networks and key regulators in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Yuanxi , Wang Minghui , Song Won-Min , Shen Qi , McKenzie Andrew , Choi Insup , Zhou Xianxiao , Pan Ping-Yue , Yue Zhenyu , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic and genomic studies have advanced our knowledge of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD), however, the etiology and pathophysiology of idiopathic PD remain unclear. Herein, we perform a meta-analysis of 8 PD postmortem brain transcriptome studies by employing a multiscale network biology approach to delineate the gene-gene regulatory structures in the substantia nigra and determine key regulators of the PD transcriptomic networks. We identify STMN2, which encodes a stathmin family protein and is down-regulated in PD brains, as a key regulator functionally connected to known PD risk genes. Our network analysis predicts a function of human STMN2 in synaptic trafficking, which is validated in Stmn2-knockdown mouse dopaminergic neurons. Stmn2 reduction in the mouse midbrain causes dopaminergic neuron degeneration, phosphorylated α-synuclein elevation, and locomotor deficits. Our integrative analysis not only begins to elucidate the global landscape of PD transcriptomic networks but also pinpoints potential key regulators of PD pathogenic pathways.
An umpolung strategy to react catalytic enols with nucleophiles
Authors: Sanz-Marco Amparo , Martinez-Erro Samuel , Pauze Martin , Gómez-Bengoa Enrique , Martín-Matute Belén 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe selective synthesis of α-functionalized ketones with two similar enolizable positions can be accomplished using allylic alcohols and iridium(III) catalysts. A formal 1,3-hydrogen shift on allylic alcohols generates catalytic iridium-enolates in a stereospecific manner, which are able to react with electrophiles to yield α-functionalized ketones as single constitutional isomers. However, the employment of nucleophiles to react with the nucleophilic catalytic enolates in this chemistry is still unknown. Herein, we report an umpolung strategy for the selective synthesis of α-alkoxy carbonyl compounds by the reaction of iridium enolates and alcohols promoted by an iodine(III) reagent. Moreover, the protocol also works in an intramolecular fashion to synthesize 3(2H)-furanones from γ-keto allylic alcohols. Experimental and computational investigations have been carried out, and mechanisms are proposed for both the inter- and intramolecular reactions, explaining the key role of the iodine(III) reagent in this umpolung approach.
Reorientation behavior in the helical motility of light-responsive spiral droplets
Authors: Lancia Federico , Yamamoto Takaki , Ryabchun Alexander , Yamaguchi Tadatsugu , Sano Masaki , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe physico-chemical processes supporting life’s purposeful movement remain essentially unknown. Self-propelling chiral droplets offer a minimalistic model of swimming cells and, in surfactant-rich water, droplets of chiral nematic liquid crystals follow the threads of a screw. We demonstrate that the geometry of their trajectory is determined by both the number of turns in, and the handedness of, their spiral organization. Using molecular motors as photo-invertible chiral dopants allows converting between right-handed and left-handed trajectories dynamically, and droplets subjected to such an inversion reorient in a direction that is also encoded by the number of spiral turns. This motile behavior stems from dynamic transmission of chirality, from the artificial molecular motors to the liquid crystal in confinement and eventually to the helical trajectory, in analogy with the chirality-operated motion and reorientation of swimming cells and unicellular organisms.
Ranking of non-coding pathogenic variants and putative essential regions of the human genome
Authors: Wells Alex , Heckerman David , Torkamani Ali , Yin Li , Sebat Jonathan , Ren Bing , Telenti Amalio , di Iulio Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA gene is considered essential if loss of function results in loss of viability, fitness or in disease. This concept is well established for coding genes; however, non-coding regions are thought less likely to be determinants of critical functions. Here we train a machine learning model using functional, mutational and structural features, including new genome essentiality metrics, 3D genome organization and enhancer reporter data to identify deleterious variants in non-coding regions. We assess the model for functional correlates by using data from tiling-deletion-based and CRISPR interference screens of activity of cis-regulatory elements in over 3 Mb of genome sequence. Finally, we explore two user cases that involve indels and the disruption of enhancers associated with a developmental disease. We rank variants in the non-coding genome according to their predicted deleteriousness. The model prioritizes non-coding regions associated with regulation of important genes and with cell viability, an in vitro surrogate of essentiality.
AMPA receptors in the synapse turnover by monomer diffusion
Authors: Morise Jyoji , Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Kitagawa Ayaka , Wakazono Yoshihiko , Takamiya Kogo , Tsunoyama Taka A. , Nemoto Yuri L. , Takematsu Hiromu , Kusumi Akihiro , Oka Shogo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe number and subunit compositions of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), hetero- or homotetramers composed of four subunits GluA1–4, in the synapse is carefully tuned to sustain basic synaptic activity. This enables stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity, which is central to learning and memory. The AMPAR tetramers have been widely believed to be stable from their formation in the endoplasmic reticulum until their proteolytic decomposition. However, by observing GluA1 and GluA2 at the level of single molecules, we find that the homo- and heterotetramers are metastable, instantaneously falling apart into monomers, dimers, or trimers (in 100 and 200 ms, respectively), which readily form tetramers again. In the dendritic plasma membrane, GluA1 and GluA2 monomers and dimers are far more mobile than tetramers and enter and exit from the synaptic regions. We conclude that AMPAR turnover by lateral diffusion, essential for sustaining synaptic function, is largely done by monomers of AMPAR subunits, rather than preformed tetramers.
In vivo clonal expansion and phenotypes of hypocretin-specific CD4+ T cells in narcolepsy patients and controls
Authors: Jiang Wei , Birtley James R. , Hung Shu-Chen , Wang Weiqi , Chiou Shin-Heng , Macaubas Claudia , Kornum Birgitte , Tian Lu , Huang Huang , Adler Lital , Weaver Grant , Lu Liying , Ilstad-Minnihan Alexandra , Somasundaram Sriram , Ayyangar Sashi , Davis Mark M. , Stern Lawrence J. , Mellins Elizabeth D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividuals with narcolepsy suffer from abnormal sleep patterns due to loss of neurons that uniquely supply hypocretin (HCRT). Previous studies found associations of narcolepsy with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ6 allele and T-cell receptor α (TRA) J24 gene segment and also suggested that in vitro-stimulated T cells can target HCRT. Here, we present evidence of in vivo expansion of DQ6-HCRT tetramer+/TRAJ24+/CD4+ T cells in DQ6+ individuals with and without narcolepsy. We identify related TRAJ24+ TCRαβ clonotypes encoded by identical α/β gene regions from two patients and two controls. TRAJ24-G allele+ clonotypes only expand in the two patients, whereas a TRAJ24-C allele+ clonotype expands in a control. A representative tetramer+/G-allele+ TCR shows signaling reactivity to the epitope HCRT87–97. Clonally expanded G-allele+ T cells exhibit an unconventional effector phenotype. Our analysis of in vivo expansion of HCRT-reactive TRAJ24+ cells opens an avenue for further investigation of the autoimmune contribution to narcolepsy development.
Biodiversity can benefit from climate stabilization despite adverse side effects of land-based mitigation
Authors: Ohashi Haruka , Hasegawa Tomoko , Hirata Akiko , Fujimori Shinichiro , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Tsuyama Ikutaro , Nakao Katsuhiro , Kominami Yuji , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Hijioka Yasuaki , Matsui Tetsuya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLimiting the magnitude of climate change via stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is necessary to prevent further biodiversity loss. However, some strategies to mitigate GHG emission involve greater land-based mitigation efforts, which may cause biodiversity loss from land-use changes. Here we estimate how climate and land-based mitigation efforts interact with global biodiversity by using an integrated assessment model framework to project potential habitat for five major taxonomic groups. We find that stringent GHG mitigation can generally bring a net benefit to global biodiversity even if land-based mitigation is adopted. This trend is strengthened in the latter half of this century. In contrast, some regions projected to experience much growth in land-based mitigation efforts (i.e., Europe and Oceania) are expected to suffer biodiversity loss. Our results support the enactment of stringent GHG mitigation policies in terms of biodiversity. To conserve local biodiversity, however, these policies must be carefully designed in conjunction with land-use regulations and societal transformation in order to minimize the conversion of natural habitats.
Mechanically rigid supramolecular assemblies formed from an Fmoc-guanine conjugated peptide nucleic acid
Authors: Basavalingappa Vasantha , Bera Santu , Xue Bin , Azuri Ido , Tang Yiming , Tao Kai , Shimon Linda J. W. , Sawaya Michael R. , Kolusheva Sofiya , Eisenberg David S. , Kronik Leeor , Cao Yi , Wei Guanghong , Gazit Ehud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe variety and complexity of DNA-based structures make them attractive candidates for nanotechnology, yet insufficient stability and mechanical rigidity, compared to polyamide-based molecules, limit their application. Here, we combine the advantages of polyamide materials and the structural patterns inspired by nucleic-acids to generate a mechanically rigid fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-guanine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugate with diverse morphology and photoluminescent properties. The assembly possesses a unique atomic structure, with each guanine head of one molecule hydrogen bonded to the Fmoc carbonyl tail of another molecule, generating a non-planar cyclic quartet arrangement. This structure exhibits an average stiffness of 69.6 ± 6.8 N m−1 and Young’s modulus of 17.8 ± 2.5 GPa, higher than any previously reported nucleic acid derived structure. This data suggests that the unique cation-free “basket” formed by the Fmoc-G-PNA conjugate can serve as an attractive component for the design of new materials based on PNA self-assembly for nanotechnology applications.
Interface-induced magnetic polar metal phase in complex oxides
Authors: Meng Meng , Wang Zhen , Fathima Aafreen , Ghosh Saurabh , Saghayezhian Mohammad , Taylor Joel , Jin Rongying , Zhu Yimei , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Zhang Jiandi , Plummer E. W. , Guo Hangwen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolar metals are commonly defined as metals with polar structural distortions. Strict symmetry restrictions make them an extremely rare breed as the structural constraints favor insulating over metallic phase. Moreover, no polar metals are known to be magnetic. Here we report on the realization of a magnetic polar metal phase in a BaTiO3/SrRuO3/BaTiO3 heterostructure. Electron microscopy reveals polar lattice distortions in three-unit-cells thick SrRuO3 between BaTiO3 layers. Electrical transport and magnetization measurements reveal that this heterostructure possesses a metallic phase with high conductivity and ferromagnetic ordering with high saturation moment. The high conductivity in the SrRuO3 layer can be attributed to the effect of electrostatic carrier accumulation induced by the BaTiO3 layers. Density-functional-theory calculations provide insights into the origin of the observed properties of the thin SrRuO3 film. The present results pave a way to design materials with desired functionalities at oxide interfaces.
Coherent ac spin current transmission across an antiferromagnetic CoO insulator
Authors: Li Q. , Yang M. , Klewe C. , Shafer P. , N’Diaye A. T. , Hou D. , Wang T. Y. , Gao N. , Saitoh E. , Hwang C. , Hicken R. J. , Li J. , Arenholz E. , Qiu Z. Q. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of spin current transmission through antiferromagnetic insulating materials opens up vast opportunities for fundamental physics and spintronics applications. The question currently surrounding this topic is: whether and how could THz antiferromagnetic magnons mediate a GHz spin current? This mismatch of frequencies becomes particularly critical for the case of coherent ac spin current, raising the fundamental question of whether a GHz ac spin current can ever keep its coherence inside an antiferromagnetic insulator and so drive the spin precession of another ferromagnet layer coherently? Utilizing element- and time-resolved x-ray pump-probe measurements on Py/Ag/CoO/Ag/Fe75Co25/MgO(001) heterostructures, here we demonstrate that a coherent GHz ac spin current pumped by the Py ferromagnetic resonance can transmit coherently across an antiferromagnetic CoO insulating layer to drive a coherent spin precession of the Fe75Co25 layer. Further measurement results favor thermal magnons rather than evanescent spin waves as the mediator of the coherent ac spin current in CoO.