bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Error in a Big Data World: Adapting the TSE Framework to Big Data
Authors: Amaya Ashley , Biemer Paul P , Kinyon David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While Big Data offers a potentially less expensive, less burdensome, and more timely alternative to survey data for producing a variety of statistics, it is not without error. The AAPOR Task Force on Big Data and others have called for researchers to evaluate the quality of Big Data using an approach similar to the total survey error (TSE) framework. However, differences in the construction of, access to, and overall data structure between survey data and Big Data make application of TSE difficult. In this article, we seek to develop the Total Error Framework (TEF), an extension of the TSE framework, to be (1) more inclusive and applicable to many types of Big Data, (2) comprehensive in that it considers “total” error, and (3) unified in that it allows researchers to compare errors in Big Data to errors in survey data. After outlining this framework, we then illustrate an application of TEF by comparing error in housing unit area (square footage) estimates collected in a survey (the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey [RECS]) to those estimates found in three Big Data databases (Zillow.com, Acxiom, and CoreLogic).
Thermal stability of winds driven by radiation pressure in super-Eddington accretion discs
Authors: Pinto C , Mehdipour M , Walton D J , Middleton M J , Roberts T P , Fabian A C , Guainazzi M , Soria R , Kosec P , Ness J-U 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are mainly powered by accretion in neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes. Accreting at rates exceeding the Eddington limit by factors of a few up to hundreds, radiation pressure is expected to inflate the accretion disc, and drive fast winds that have in fact been observed at significant fractions of the speed of light. Given the super-Eddington luminosity, the accretion disc will be thicker than in sub-Eddington accretors such as common active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries, leading to a different spectral energy distribution and, possibly, a different thermal status of the wind. Here, we show the first attempt to calculate the photoionization balance of the winds driven by strong radiation pressure in thick discs with a focus on ULXs hosting black holes or non-magnetic neutron stars. We find that the winds are generally in thermally stable equilibrium, but long-term variations in the accretion rate and the inclination due to precession may have significant effects on the wind appearance and stability. Our model trends can explain the observed correlation between the spectral residuals around 1 keV and the ULX spectral state. We also find a possible correlation between the spectral hardness of the ULX, the wind velocity, and the ionization parameter in support of the general scenario.
Paralogization and New Protein Architectures in Planctomycetes Bacteria with Complex Cell Structures
Authors: Mahajan Mayank , Yee Benjamin , Hägglund Emil , Guy Lionel , Fuerst John A , Andersson Siv G E 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes have a unique cell plan with an elaborate intracellular membrane system, thereby resembling eukaryotic cells. The origin and evolution of these remarkable features is debated. To study the evolutionary genomics of bacteria with complex cell architectures, we have resequenced the 9.2-Mb genome of the model organism Gemmata obscuriglobus and sequenced the 10-Mb genome of G. massiliana Soil9, the 7.9-Mb genome of CJuql4, and the 6.7-Mb genome of Tuwongella immobilis, all of which belong to the family Gemmataceae. A gene flux analysis of the Planctomycetes revealed a massive emergence of novel protein families at multiple nodes within the Gemmataceae. The expanded protein families have unique multidomain architectures composed of domains that are characteristic of prokaryotes, such as the sigma factor domain of extracytoplasmic sigma factors, and domains that have proliferated in eukaryotes, such as the WD40, leucine-rich repeat, tetratricopeptide repeat and Ser/Thr kinase domains. Proteins with identifiable domains in the Gemmataceae have longer lengths and linkers than proteins in most other bacteria, and the analyses suggest that these traits were ancestrally present in the Planctomycetales. A broad comparison of protein length distribution profiles revealed an overlap between the longest proteins in prokaryotes and the shortest proteins in eukaryotes. We conclude that the many similarities between proteins in the Planctomycetales and the eukaryotes are due to convergent evolution and that there is no strict boundary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes with regard to features such as gene paralogy, protein length, and protein domain composition patterns.
A green, efficient and precise hydrogen therapy of cancer based on in vivo electrochemistry
Authors: Qi Guohua , Wang Bo , Song Xiangfu , Li Haijuan , Jin Yongdong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
By combined use of traditional Chinese acupuncture Fe needle electrode and in vivo electrochemistry, we achieved in vivo H2 generation in tumors in a controllable manner and exploited it for effective and green therapy of tumors for the first time. The cathodic acupuncture electrodes working under an applied voltage of ∼3 V (with minimal damage to the living body) undergo effective electrochemical reactions in the acidic tumor area that produce sufficient H2 locally to cause cancer cells to burst and die. Due to puncture positioning, the acidic tumor microenvironment and gas diffusion effect, the developed H2 generation electrochemotherapy (H2-ECT) strategy enables precise and large-scale tumor therapy, as demonstrated by in vivo treatment of diseased mice (glioma and breast cancers). Such green H2-ECT is simple, highly efficient and minimally invasive, requiring no expensive medical equipment or nano materials and medication, and is therefore very promising for potential clinical applications.
A Different Story in the Anthropocene: Brazil’s Post-Colonial Quest for Oil (1930–1975)*
Authors: Acker Antoine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to identify new historical causes for the making of the Anthropocene (the rise of humans to a geological force) by addressing Brazil’s transformation into an oil producer and an oil-dependent country between 1930 and 1975. This example allows an escape from the essentialist explanation of the Anthropocene as the result of humans’ insatiable appetite for consumption, commonly rooted in an analysis of Western industrial society, and to focus instead on the notion of freedom in a former colony. Indeed, in the context of nation-building and modernization debates, petroleum appeared to many Brazilians as an opportunity to emancipate the country from its peripheral role as global raw material provider. The rise of petroleum gave a post-colonial sense to the nation-founding myth of Brazil’s exceptional nature, which served as romantic background for a movement towards resource sovereignty embedded into a global anti-imperialist context. In Brazil specifically, oil production became an opportunity for a process of ecological transformation that promised to rid the country of colonial landscapes of exploitation, and even appeared as a solution for stopping the unsustainable destruction of tropical forests. Ultimately, these petro-ideals of emancipation, by positively linking nature and the nation, also hindered fully detecting the scope of the pollution problems that oil was generating. As argued in the article’s conclusion, this example should rekindle the discussion about the unintended link between freedom and geological change in the analysis of Anthropocene causalities.
A Positive Tropism of Rice Roots toward a Nutrient Source
Authors: Yamazaki Kiyoshi , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plants take up water and nutrients through roots, and uptake efficiency depends on root behavior. Roots recognize the moisture gradient in the soil and grow toward the direction of high moisture. This phenomenon is called hydrotropism, and it contributes to efficient water uptake. As nutrients in soil are also unevenly distributed, it is beneficial for plants to grow their roots in the direction of increasing nutrient concentrations, but such a phenomenon has not been demonstrated. Here, we describe the directional growth of roots in response to a nutrient gradient. Using our assay system, the gradient of a nitrogen nutrient, NH4+, was sufficient to stimulate positive tropic responses of rice lateral roots. This phenomenon is a tropism of plant roots to nutrients; hence, we propose the name ‘nutritropism’. As well as other tropisms, differential cell elongation was observed before the elongation zone during nutritropism, but the pattern promoting cell elongation preferentially on the non-stimulated side was opposite to those in root hydrotropism and gravitropism. Our evaluation of the NH4+ gradient suggested that the root tips responded to a sub-micromolar difference in NH4+ concentration on both sides of the root. Hydrotropism, gravitropism and phototropism were described in plants as the ‘power of movement’ by Charles and Francis Darwin in 1880, and these three tropisms have attracted the attention of plant scientists for more than 130 years. Our discovery of nutritropism represents the fourth ‘power of movement’ in plants and provides a novel root behavioral property used by plants to acquire nutrients efficiently.
GH3 Auxin-Amido Synthetases Alter the Ratio of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in Arabidopsis
Authors: Aoi Yuki , Tanaka Keita , Cook Sam David , Hayashi Ken-Ichiro , Kasahara Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Auxin is the first discovered plant hormone and is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin and plays pivotal roles in intercellular communication through polar auxin transport. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is another natural auxin that does not show polar movement. Although a wide range of species have been shown to produce PAA, its biosynthesis, inactivation and physiological significance in plants are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the CYP79A2 gene, which is involved in benzylglucosinolate synthesis, remarkably increased the levels of PAA and enhanced lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. This coincided with a significant reduction in the levels of IAA. The results from auxin metabolite quantification suggest that the PAA-dependent induction of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, which encode auxin-amido synthetases, promote the inactivation of IAA. Similarly, an increase in IAA synthesis, via the indole-3-acetaldoxime pathway, significantly reduced the levels of PAA. The same adjustment of IAA and PAA levels was also observed by applying each auxin to wild-type plants. These results show that GH3 auxin-amido synthetases can alter the ratio of IAA and PAA in plant growth and development.
Functional characterization of 3D contractile smooth muscle tissues generated using a unique microfluidic 3D bioprinting technology
Authors: Dickman Christopher T. D. , Russo Valerio , Thain Katherine , Pan Sheng , Beyer Simon T. , Walus Konrad , Getsios Spiro , Mohamed Tamer , Wadsworth Sam J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConditions such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by aberrant smooth muscle contraction. It has proven difficult to develop human cell‐based models that mimic acute muscle contraction in 2D in vitro cultures due to the nonphysiological chemical and mechanical properties of lab plastics that do not allow for muscle cell contraction. To enhance the relevance of in vitro models for human disease, we describe how functional 3D smooth muscle tissue that exhibits physiological and pharmacologically relevant acute contraction and relaxation responses can be reproducibly fabricated using a unique microfluidic 3D bioprinting technology. Primary human airway and intestinal smooth muscle cells were printed into rings of muscle tissue at high density and viability. Printed tissues contracted to physiological concentrations of histamine (0.01‐100 μM) and relaxed to salbutamol, a pharmacological compound used to relieve asthmatic exacerbations. The addition of TGFβ to airway muscle rings induced an increase in unstimulated muscle shortening and a decreased response to salbutamol, a phenomenon which also occurs in chronic lung diseases. Results indicate that the 3D bioprinted smooth muscle is a physiologically relevant in vitro model that can be utilized to study disease pathways and the effects of novel therapeutics on acute contraction and chronic tissue stenosis.
Not Really “The Same Thing”
Authors: Schonwald Alison , Chan Eugenia , Nyp Sarah S. 
Published: December 2019

CASE:
Susie is a 10-year-old girl who is followed by a developmental-behavioral pediatrician for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type and challenging behaviors. Susie has been treated with extended-release methylphenidate HCl 36 mg daily and extended-release guanfacine 1 mg daily for the past year. Susie attended an evidence-based summer treatment program for ADHD for 8 weeks over the summer, and the family has continued to attend monthly behavioral therapy visits with a local child psychologist.
Parents report that, until recently, Susie's symptoms of ADHD were well controlled. Susie had a positive start to the school year but has had increasing difficulties over the past month. Specifically, Susie's classroom teacher has communicated that she is having difficulty maintaining attention, is easily distracted, and is missing several homework assignments. While obtaining a careful interim history, Susie's parents report that there have not been any changes or new stresses in the home or school environments. They were pleased with the behavioral guidance provided during the summer treatment program and have continued to use those strategies.
Further discussion revealed that parents noticed a change in the appearance of Susie's methylphenidate tablets when the prescription was last filled. Although the previous prescriptions were filled with oblong, white tablets, the most recent prescription was filled with round, white tablets. Susie's parents contacted the pharmacy and were told that Susie's prescription was filled with “the same thing as before.” The pharmacist explained that the tablets looked different because the manufacturer had changed in order to comply with the preferences of Susie's insurance provider. What would be your next steps in Susie's care?
Role of Peer Learning in Students’ Skill Acquisition and Interest in Plastic Surgery
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Salimi Ali , Abdelhamid Kenzy , Sarfaraz Ziyab , Gilardino Mirko S. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Although the number of plastic surgery residency positions increased over the past decade, interest among Canadian medical students experienced the opposite trajectory. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a low intensity, basic surgical skills workshop on medical students’ confidence and interest in surgery in general, and plastic surgery in particular.

Methods:
Before and after participating in a 60-minute suturing workshop, preclinical medical students completed a cloud-based questionnaire that evaluated the changes in their suturing confidence and interest in pursuing a career in different surgical subspecialties.

Results:
Eighty-five medical students (52 females and 33 males), with an average age of 22.9 ± 3.6 years participated in this study. Before the workshop, 95% of participants perceived their suturing ability to be at a beginner’s level and reported that they have not received sufficient suturing training during their medical education to date. Their self-reported confidence in suturing was 1.9 ± 2.1 out of 10. Following the workshop, participants’ confidence in their surgical skills increased by 165% (P < 0.001, partial eta2 = 0.695). Moreover, 82% reported increased interest in a career in surgery associated with their participation in the workshop. Plastic surgery, general surgery, and otolaryngology were the top 3 specialties that experienced an augmented increase in interest following the workshop. Finally, plastic surgery was the specialty perceived as requiring the most surgical skills by the majority of the students.

Conclusion:
A 60-minute basic skills suturing workshop significantly improved preclinical medical students’ confidence in their surgical skills, and increased their interest in surgery.
RELATIVE QUIESCENCE OF EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AFTER RESOLUTION OF POSTINJECTION ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Arnett Justin J. , Brodowska Katarzyna , Gallagher Denise S. , Eller Andrew W. , Friberg Thomas R. , Anetakis Alexander J. , Martel Joseph N. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate alterations in treatment burden and course of exudative age-related macular degeneration in patients who contracted endophthalmitis from intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections.

Methods:
Retrospective study at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center examining frequency of anti-VEGF injections, activity of choroidal neovascularization, and visual acuity before and after endophthalmitis treatment.

Results:
Twenty-one patients meeting inclusion criteria were identified, of whom 7 (33%) patients did not restart anti-VEGF treatment 12 months after endophthalmitis because of quiescence of exudative age-related macular degeneration without significant visual acuity loss (P > 0.05). Patients who resumed anti-VEGF treatment exhibited 32% and 38% decreases in injection frequency by 12 and 24 months after endophthalmitis, respectively (P < 0.05). On first optical coherence tomography follow-up, 10 patients exhibited quiescence of choroidal neovascularization activity, although there were no measurable changes in macular thickness (P > 0.05). No differences in post-endophthalmitis exudative age-related macular degeneration progression or treatment burden were observed when factoring adjuvant intravitreal steroid therapy, culture results, nor choroidal neovascularization subtypes.

Conclusion:
Endophthalmitis resolution is associated with a decrease in choroidal neovascularization activity and a reduction of anti-VEGF treatment burden in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.
PRESENCE OF PERIPHERAL LESIONS AND CORRELATION TO MACULAR PERFUSION, OXYGENATION AND NEURODEGENERATION IN EARLY TYPE II DIABETIC RETINAL DISEASE
Authors: Hafner Julia , Pollreisz Andreas , Egner Berit , Pablik Eleonore , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The impact of peripheral retinal lesions (PL) visualized with ultra–wide-field imaging on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of PL and their association with macular microvasculopathy, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in patients with Type II diabetes and early retinal disease.

Methods:
Forty-five degree color fundus (Topcon) and 200° ultra–wide-field images (Optos) were assessed for the presence and severity of DR. Lesions anterior to the 45° were considered peripheral. The foveal avascular zone area, perimeter and acircularity index, and foveal full-retina and parafoveal superficial/deep complex vessel density were evaluated with RTVue optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel oxygen saturation was measured with oximetry. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber and individual macular retinal layer thicknesses were measured with Spectralis optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Among the 161 eyes (80 left eyes) of 81 patients (34 female), 64 (39.8%) showed higher levels of DR on ultra–wide-field than on 45° fundus images (P < 0.0001). PL were identified in 97 eyes (60.3%) and in 59 among 115 eyes without central signs of DR. No significant correlation to biomarkers of central microvascular disease (foveal avascular zone/vessel density variables), oxygen saturation, and retinal layer thickness was found.

Conclusion:
Ultra–wide-field imaging helps to detect more eyes with early DR due to the detection of PL, which appear independently of biomarkers of macular microvascular impairment, metabolic function, and neuropathy in eyes without central signs of DR. These results suggest that the evaluation of the retinal periphery may become crucial in DR screening if PL are proven to influence disease outcomes.
IPSILATERAL BULLOUS EXUDATIVE RETINAL DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION
Authors: Abdelhakim Aliaa H. , Sebrow Dov , Bearelly Srilaxmi , Horowitz Jason D. , Chen Royce W. S. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To describe the first known case of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)–related complication in an adult.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 34-year-old man awaiting a lung transplant for interstitial lung disease was connected to an ECMO circuit as a bridge to lung transplant, with a drainage catheter attached to his right internal jugular vein. Shortly after he was cannulated, he developed blurred vision in his right eye and was found to have a progressively worsening bullous exudative retinal detachment. After receiving a lung transplant and getting decannulated from ECMO, his bullous detachment rapidly improved. The patient's clinical course as well as his ophthalmic testing showed findings inconsistent with alternative diagnoses such as central serous chorioretinopathy. His findings were best explained as a complication of ECMO cannulation.

Conclusion:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be associated with bullous exudative retinal detachment in rare cases where there is a possible anatomical or physiological predisposition.
RETINAL NEURONAL ECTOPIA: A NEW ENTITY IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RETINOBLASTOMA
Authors: Tsimpida Maria , Dharmaraj Sharola , Luthert Philip J. , Reddy Maddy A. , Sagoo Mandeep S. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
To present a rare retinal disorder that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.

Methods:
A 2-year-old boy presented with left ocular discomfort, leukocoria, and a left divergent squint. Examination of the left eye revealed abnormalities in the anterior segment, and fundoscopy showed an irregular white calcified mass with fibrosis and traction toward the lens. As the ocular discomfort worsened, enucleation of the left eye was performed.

Results:
Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of the enucleated eye established the diagnosis of retinal neuronal ectopia.

Conclusion:
We believe that this case is unique in the human retina and highlights the need for specialist differential diagnosis. Although rare, retinal neuronal ectopia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.
PNEUMATIC WITHOUT PEXY: A CASE REPORT OF A RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR
Authors: Tanaka Adam C. , Goldberg Roger A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To present a case of pneumatic retinal detachment repair that did not require retinal pexy.

Methods:
Report of a case and review of the literature.

Results:
Pneumatic retinopexy was performed with a plan for photocoagulation of the retinal tear once the retina was reattached. During postoperative evaluation, the superotemporal retinal tear had operculated and the retina was reattached. No laser or cryopexy was performed, and the retina remained attached during long-term follow-up.

Discussion:
Addressing traction on the retina and intraocular microcurrents that allow subretinal fluid accumulation is the core principle of detachment repair; if the traction is released, pexy may not be necessary.