bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism research is ‘all about the blokes and the kids’: Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause
Authors: Moseley Rachel L. , Druce Tanya , Turner‐Cobb Julie M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe menopause is a major transition marked by considerable challenges to health and well‐being. Its impact on autistic women has been almost largely ignored but is of significant concern, given the poorer physical and mental health, emotion regulation and coping skills, and the common social isolation of this group. We aimed to explore awareness and perception of the menopause; menopausal experiences and their impact across each individual’s life; ways that menopause with autism might differ from a non‐autistic menopause; and what optimal support might look like.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsComprehensive interviews were conducted with 17 autistic participants (16 of whom identified as cisgender women). Inductive thematic analysis was used, guided by IPA principles and literature.ResultsFour major themes were identified: (1) covering the long journey of our participants to recognizing autism in adulthood; (2) menopausal awareness and perceptions; (3) symptoms and their impact; and (4) ways that a neurodiverse menopause might differ from the norm. Menopausal experiences varied greatly and some participants experienced marked deterioration in daily function and coping skills, mental health, and social engagement. Menopausal awareness was often low, so too was confidence in help from health care professionals.ConclusionsThese findings implicate the potential for menopause to severely compromise health and well‐being of autistic people and indicate an area of underserved support needs.
Quality of experience in residential care programmes: Retrospective perspectives of former youth participants
Authors: Chatfield Mark M. , Diehl David C. , Johns Tracy L. , Smith Suzanna , Galindo‐Gonzalez Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis exploratory study examined perceptions of care quality within parent‐pay youth treatment programmes such as therapeutic boarding schools, residential treatment centres, wilderness therapy programmes, and intensive outpatient programmes. Reflecting on their personal experiences as youths, 214 adults reported on a total of 75 different treatment settings. Two indices developed for this study measured participants' perceptions of quality of experience and the totalistic programme characteristics of their care settings. Regression analyses and ANOVA tests of means indicated a negative relationship between totalistic programme characteristics and quality of experience index scores. Significant relationships were not found between quality of experience and forcible transport, intake decade, or the amount of time in treatment.
Potential use of serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 and E‐cadherin as biomarkers of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zeljkovic A. , Mihajlovic M. , Stefanovic A. , Zeljkovic D. , Trifunovic B. , Miljkovic M. , Spasojevic‐Kalimanovska V. , Vekic J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimDespite many efforts, reliable biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still missing. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and E‐cadherin are recognized as potential biomarkers, but their diagnostic capacity is largely unexplored in CRC. The aim of this work is to investigate IGF‐1 and E‐cadherin levels with respect to various characteristics of CRC and to estimate their diagnostic potential.MethodSeventy CRC patients and 75 healthy individuals were enrolled. IGF‐1 and E‐cadherin were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The predictive and diagnostic capacities of IGF‐1 and E‐cadherin were estimated by logistic regression analysis and by determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).ResultsConcentrations of IGF‐1 were lower (P = 0.019) while levels of E‐cadherin were higher (P < 0.001) in CRC patients than in controls. IGF‐1 concentration decreased in parallel with age and progression of CRC (P = 0.023). Also, IGF‐1 was higher in men with CRC than in women (P = 0.003). E‐cadherin levels were unaffected by variations in either anthropometric characteristics of CRC patients, or localization, grade and stage of the tumour. Both IGF‐1 and E‐cadherin were independently associated with CRC (P = 0.040; P < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of IGF‐1 was estimated as acceptable (AUC = 0.757; P < 0.001), while the diagnostic accuracy of E‐cadherin was outstanding (AUC = 0.954; P < 0.001).ConclusionsDecreased IGF‐1 and increased E‐cadherin levels were found in CRC patients. IGF‐1, but not E‐cadherin, concentrations differed according to age, gender and stage of CRC. Both markers were independently associated with the presence of the disease, while E‐cadherin demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy.
The impact of surgical subspecialization on patient outcomes following emergency colorectal resections in the north of England: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Young John , Brown Leo R. , Thomas Christophe L. G. , McCallum Iain J. D. , McLean Ross C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimEmergency colorectal surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most general surgeons have a subspecialty, which forms the focus of their elective work, allowing development of specialist skill sets. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of consultant subspecialization on patient outcomes following emergency colorectal resections.MethodsData were requested for all emergency admissions under a general surgeon between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2016 within the north of England. These were acquired from individual Trusts following Caldicott approval. Data included demographics, diagnoses and any procedures undertaken. Patients were assigned to cohorts based on the subspecialist interest of the consultant they were under the care of. The primary outcome of interest was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Categorical data were compared with the chi‐squared test, and continuous data with thettest or ANOVA. A logistic regression model determined factors associated with 30‐day in‐hospital mortality.ResultsOverall, 7648 emergency colorectal resections were performed with a 30‐day postoperative mortality of 13.8%. This was significantly lower if the responsible consultant was a colorectal surgeon compared with other general surgery subspecialties (11.8% vs. 15.2%,P< 0.001). This was significant on univariate analysis (OR 0.75,P < 0.001); however, following multivariable adjustment, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.380). The colorectal specialists had a higher laparoscopy rate than their colleagues—9.8% versus 6.8% (P < 0.001). Stoma rates were also lower (46.9% vs. 51.0%,P = 0.001) and anastomosis rates higher (55.9% vs. 49.3%,P < 0.001) amongst colorectal surgeons.ConclusionThese findings add to the growing body of evidence that patient outcomes may be improved by involving subspecialists in colorectal emergencies.
Nanotextured silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite biomimetic bilayer tough structure regulated osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for osteochondral repair
Authors: Shang Lingling , Ma Baojin , Wang Fulei , Li Jianhua , Shen Song , Li Xiaoyuan , Liu Hong , Ge Shaohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesArticular cartilage plays a vital role in bearing and buffering. Injured cartilage and subchondral bone repair is a crucial challenge in cartilage tissue engineering due to the peculiar structure of osteochondral unit and the requirement of osteogenic/chondrogenic bi‐directional differentiation. Based on the bionics principle, a nanotextured silk fibroin (SF)‐chondroitin sulphate (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanowire tough bilayer structure was prepared for osteochondral repair.MethodsThe SF‐CS/HAp membrane was constructed by alcohol‐induced β‐sheet formation serving as the physical crosslink. Its osteochondral repairing capacity was evaluated by culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and constructing a rat osteochondral defect model in vivo.ResultsThe bilayer SF‐CS/HAp membrane with satisfactory mechanical properties similar to natural cartilage imitated the natural osteochondral unit structural layers and exerted the function of bearing and buffering timely after in vivo implantation. SF‐CS layer upregulated the expression of chondrogenesis‐related genes of BMSCs by surface nanotopography and sustained release CS. Meanwhile, nanotextured HAp layer assembled with nanowire endowed the membrane with an osteogenic differentiation tendency for BMSCs. In vivo results proved that the biomimetic bilayer structure dramatically promoted new cartilage formation and subchondral bone remodelling for osteochondral defect model after implantation.ConclusionsThe SF‐CS/HAp biomimetic bilayer membrane provides a promising strategy for precise osteochondral repair.
Primary superficial synovial sarcoma: clinical and histopathological characteristics in eight cases with molecular confirmation
Authors: Li Philippa , Laskin William , Wang Wei‐Lien , Demicco Elizabeth G. , Panse Gauri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsSynovial sarcoma (SS) is a spindled cell sarcoma demonstrating varying degrees of epithelial differentiation and characterized by a pathognomonic t(X;18) translocation. SS most frequently involves deep soft tissue of the extremities in young adults. Superficial SS involving dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue is exceedingly rare.Methods and resultsWe identified eight cases of primary superficial synovial sarcomas across three tertiary institutions. All cases were confined to the dermis/subcutis based on imaging or gross and microscopic examination. The average patient age was 36 years (range 14‐50). The average tumor size was 2.4 cm (range 0.9‐3.9 cm) and lesions showed classic monophasic (n = 4) or biphasic (n = 4) morphology. All tumors expressed keratin AE1/AE3 and/or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but were negative for CD34. The diagnosis for each case was confirmed by molecular detection of t(X;18). Six of the eight cases were treated with curative excision while the other two received additional radiotherapy. Follow‐up was available for six patients (mean 68 months, range 2‐108 months) and no patient experienced recurrence or metastatic disease.ConclusionsWe present the largest series to date of primary superficial SS with molecular confirmation for all cases. SS should be considered when evaluating a cutaneous monomorphic spindle cell neoplasm.
Efficacy and safety of endothelin receptor antagonists in type 2 diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Y. , Chi J. , Huang Y. , Dong B. , Lv W. , Wang Y. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse the efficacy and safety of endothelin receptor antagonists for people with diabetic kidney disease.MethodsRandomized controlled trials comparing endothelin receptor antagonists with placebo in people with diabetic kidney disease were identified through PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. We used a random‐effect model to calculate the mean difference or risk ratio with the 95% CI.ResultsSeven studies with a total of 4730 participants were included. Overall, endothelin receptor antagonists significantly reduced albuminuria compared with placebo (standardized mean difference –0.48, 95% CI –0.64 to –0.33). Atrasentan, in particular, effectively reduced albuminuria (standardized mean difference –0.58, 95% CI –1.00 to –0.17) and the risk of composite renal endpoints (risk ratio 0.65; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.88), with insignificant change in the rate of congestive heart failure (risk ratio 1.40, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.56) and mortality (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.61). In contrast, although avosentan reduced albuminuria (standardized mean difference –0.47, 95% CI –0.57 to –0.36) and the risk of composite renal endpoints (risk ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.94), it was associated with a significant increase in congestive heart failure risk (risk ratio 2.61, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.00) and an insignificant increase in mortality risk (risk ratio 1.50, 95% CI 0.81, 2.78). No significant change in efficacy or safety outcomes with bosentan was detected. Dose–response analysis indicated that 0.75 mg/day atrasentan is expected to be optimal for renoprotection, with maximal albuminuria reduction and minimal fluid retention events.ConclusionsAmong the endothelin receptor antagonists, atrasentan and avosentan, but not bosentan, are effective for renoprotection in people with diabetic kidney disease. Compared with other types and doses, atrasentan 0.75 mg/day is the most promising, with maximal albuminuria reduction and minimal fluid retention. Vigilant monitoring of congestive heart failure risk is needed in future clinical practice. (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020169840).
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and atrial fibrillation in the cardiovascular and renal outcome trials
Authors: Okunrintemi Victor , Mishriky Basem M. , Powell James R. , Cummings Doyle M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDapagliflozin is a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that has recently been shown to reduce the incidence of reported episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter in the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial. This raises the question regarding whether SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the incidence of AF in a high‐risk population. We searched for trials comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to placebo in high‐risk individuals with or without diabetes (ie, cardiovascular and renal outcome trials) and that reported the incidence of AF as a serious adverse event. The EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, CANVAS, CANVAS‐R, the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial, CREDENCE, DAPA‐HF, VERTIS‐CV and DAPA‐CKD were included. The incidence of AF, reported as a serious adverse event, was 0.9% in individuals who received an SGLT2 inhibitor compared to 1.1% in those who received placebo. Pooled results showed a significantly lower incidence of AF in individuals with and without diabetes (relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67,0.93). This review suggests that there is a significantly lower risk of incident AF for individuals on SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo. While there was a statistically significant lower incidence of AF, reported as a serious adverse event, more research is needed to evaluate its clinical significance.
Patients with highly unstable type 1 diabetes eligible for islet transplantation can be managed with a closed‐loop insulin delivery system: A series of N‐of‐1 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Benhamou Pierre‐Yves , Lablanche Sandrine , Vambergue Anne , Doron Maeva , Franc Sylvia , Charpentier Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of the closed‐loop Diabeloop for highly unstable diabetes (DBLHU) system with the open‐loop predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) system in patients with highly unstable type 1 diabetes (T1D) who experience acute metabolic events.MethodsDBLHU‐WP10 was an interventional, controlled, randomized, open‐label study that comprised two cycles of N‐of‐1 trials (2‐of‐1 trials). Each trial consisted of two crossover 4‐week periods of treatment with either DBLHU or PLGS in randomized order. The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent in the 70‐180 mg/dL glucose range (time in range [TIR]).ResultsFive out of seven randomized patients completed the aggregated 2‐of‐1 trials. TIR was significantly higher with DBLHU (73.3% ± 1.7%) compared with PLGS (43.5% ± 1.7%; P < .0001). The percentage of time below 70 mg/dL was significantly lower with DBLHU (0.9% ± 0.4%) versus PLGS (3.7% ± 0.4%; P < .0001). DBLHU was also significantly superior to PLGS in reducing hyperglycaemic excursions and improving almost all other secondary outcomes, including glucose variability and satisfaction score. No adverse event could be related to the experimental treatment.ConclusionsDBLHU was superior to PLGS in improving the metabolic control of patients with highly unstable T1D who require an islet or pancreas transplant but who either have a contraindication or refuse to consent.
Single coronary artery Left (SCA L)‐Right coronary artery arising from mid‐left anterior descending coronary artery: New variant of Lipton classification (SCA L‐II) diagnosed by computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Sampath Aravind , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Venugopal Sharini , Fisher Kendra , Reddy Kathi Narasimha , Anavekar Nandan S. , Bansal Ramesh C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIsolated single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly. Current classification of left and right is further classified based on the course of the anomalous vessel. We report two SCA L cases where right coronary artery (RCA) arose from mid‐left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Our observation is a variation from the current Lipton classification SCA L Type II where RCA arose from left coronary artery before the LAD, in our cases the RCA arose from mid LAD after the first septal perforator. We believe that this variant should be described as SCA L Type II variant 2 (V2) while the original Lipton classification should be described as SCA L Type II variant 1 (V1).
Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Sikora Katarzyna , Galko Juraj , Kunca Andrej , Milenković Ivan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the monitoring of oak decline phenomenon in Slovakia, symptoms indicative of Phytophthora diseases were observed in sessile oak stands in western Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity of Phytophthora species associated with declining oak stands. From rhizosphere soil samples, Phytophthora plurivora, P. quercina and Pythium intermedium were detected. Soil inoculation tests with P. plurivora and P. quercina on 1‐year‐old oak plants inflicted damage to the root system, and significant differences in measured root parameters between the inoculated and control treatments after 5 months. Although more wilting symptoms were observed in P. plurivora—infected seedlings (7 out of 12 inoculated seedlings), P. quercina caused the highest amount of damage to root systems, and for example, fine root length was 1.6 times shorter compared to the control. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. plurivora and P. quercina in sessile oak stands in Slovakia.
Time‐series and cross‐sectional momentum in anomaly returns
Authors: Wang Feifei , Yan Xuemin (Sterling) , Zheng Lingling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe find strong evidence of time‐series and cross‐sectional momentum in the long–short returns of a comprehensive sample of anomalies. Strategies that exploit such persistence deliver significant abnormal returns that are robust to the stock momentum effect, cannot be explained by traditional asset‐pricing models, and are more pronounced when arbitrage capital is scarcer or market liquidity is lower. Momentum in anomaly returns dissipates but does not reverse, in the long‐run. Our findings are consistent with limits‐to‐arbitrage and slow‐moving capital causing mispricing to persist. Supporting this explanation, we find that both the level and persistence of anomaly returns are positively related to idiosyncratic volatility.
Immunohistochemical analysis of laryngeal muscle of horses clinically affected with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
Authors: Steel Catherine M. , Walmsley Elizabeth A. , Anderson Garry A. , Coles Chantal A. , Ahern Benjamin , White Jason D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs myosin heavy chain (MyHC) profile of muscle fibres is heavily influenced by neural input, changes in MyHC expression are expected in horses clinically affected with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) yet, this has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectivesTo describe the changes in MyHC and fibre diameter in left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (L‐CAD) muscle of horses with clinical signs of RLN.Study designObservational cohort study.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to assess the MyHC‐based fibre‐type proportion, size and grouping in the L‐CAD of 10 Thoroughbred horses, five clinically affected with RLN and five unaffected controls based on resting endoscopic examination. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups.ResultsCompared to controls (of mean age 3.0 ± 1.7 years) which only expressed type I, IIA and IIX MyHC, the L‐CAD of affected horses (of mean age 2.8 ± 0.8 years) had obvious fibre‐type grouping, and despite apparent compensatory hypertrophy of a small number of fibres, a decrease in overall fibre diameter (median difference −35.2 µm, 95% CI −47.4 to −7.9, P = .02) and diameter of type IIA fibres (median difference −46.8 µm, 95% CI −52.1 to −5.0, P = .03) was observed. Anti‐fast MyHC (MY32) cross‐immunoreacted with embryonic‐MyHC. Whereas MY32‐positive fibres were identified as type IIX in controls, in affected horses these fibres were less than 50 µm diameter with internal nuclei and were MYH3‐positive for embryonic myosin indicating depletion of type IIX fibres, yet active regeneration and fibre renewal.Main limitationsSmall sample size that did not include subclinical cases. Fibre size and appearance rather than staining colour were relied upon to differentiate embryonic from type IIX MyHC.ConclusionsHorses clinically affected with RLN have overall atrophy of fibres, loss of IIX fibres and expression of embryonic myosin indicating regenerative capacity. Despite hypertrophy of some remaining fibres, the overall decline in the bulk of fibres, including those most fatigue‐resistant, may be the critical change that results in failure to maintain arytenoid abduction during exercise although direct comparison to subclinical cases is needed to confirm this.
The Sawshark Redemption: Current knowledge and future directions for sawsharks (Pristiophoridae)
Authors: Nevatte Ryan J. , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSawsharks (Order: Pristiophoriformes, Family: Pristiophoridae) are a highly distinctive group of sharks, characterized by a tapering saw‐like rostrum with a pair of elongate barbels on the ventral surface. Their unusual characteristics should attract attention; however, very few studies have been dedicated to sawsharks. As a result, our understanding of their biology and ecology is limited. However, information on aspects of their biology and ecology can be found in studies not directly focussing on sawsharks. This review provides a synthesis of information pertaining to the 10 recognized sawshark species following a comprehensive search of the scientific literature. We cover their distributions, habitat utilization, life histories, reproduction, trophic dynamics and sensory biology. Current knowledge on their unique rostral structures, the evolutionary history of pristiophorids, taxonomy, behaviour and threats to sawshark populations are also reviewed. This compilation serves as a foundation for sawshark researchers and highlights key knowledge gaps in this unique group of elasmobranchs, thereby beginning the sawshark redemption.