bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Reconstruction Using Tissue‐Engineered Implants in Pigs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brookes Sarah , Zhang Lujuan , Puls Theodore J. , Kincaid John , Voytik‐Harbin Sherry , Halum Stacey 
Published: November 2020

Objective/HypothesisThere are currently no treatments available that restore dynamic laryngeal function after hemilaryngectomy. We have shown that dynamic function can be restored post hemilaryngectomy in a rat model. Here, we report in a first of its kind, proof of concept study that this previously published technique is scalable to a porcine model.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsMuscle and fat biopsies were taken from three Yucatan minipigs. Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated and cultured for 3 weeks. The minipigs underwent a left laterovertical partial laryngectomy sparing the left arytenoid cartilage and transecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Each layer was replaced with a tissue‐engineered implant: 1) an acellular mucosal layer composed of densified Type I oligomeric collagen, 2) a skeletal muscle layer composed of autologous MPCs and aligned oligomeric collagen differentiated and induced to express motor endplates (MEE), and 3) a cartilage layer composed of autologous ASCs and densified oligomeric collagen differentiated to cartilage. Healing was monitored at 2 and 4 weeks post‐op, and at the 8 week study endpoint.ResultsAnimals demonstrated appropriate weight gain, no aspiration events, and audible phonation. Video laryngoscopy showed progressive healing with vascularization and re‐epithelialization present at 4 weeks. On histology, there was no immune reaction to the implants and there was complete integration into host tissue with nerve and vascular ingrowth.ConclusionsThis pilot study represents a first in which a transmural vertical partial laryngectomy was performed and successfully repaired with a customized, autologous stem cell‐derived multi‐layered tissue‐engineered implant.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2277–2284, 2021
Reduced Tearing With Stable Quality of Life After Vidian Neurectomy: A Prospective Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Fraser Shannon , Stefko S. Tonya , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough vidian neurectomy (VN) is associated with decreased lacrimation, its impact on dry eye quality‐of‐life is not well‐defined. Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches (EETA) may require vidian nerve sacrifice.Study DesignA prospective cohort trial.MethodsA prospective trial evaluating VN during EETA on lacrimation by phenol red thread testing and dry eye severity by the five‐item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5) was performed. Preservation of the contralateral vidian nerve allowed comparison between the eye subjected to VN and the control eye postoperatively.ResultsTwenty‐one subjects were enrolled with no preoperative difference in lacrimation between eyes (P = .617) and overall mild dry eye severity. Although the control eye had no difference in lacrimation pre‐ and postoperatively, decreased tearing was noted in the VN eye at 1 month (20.8 mm vs. 15.8 mm, P = .015) and at 3 months (23.2 mm vs. 15.8 mm, P = .0051) postoperatively. Overall, no difference was noted in the DEQ‐5 score for dry eye severity between the pre‐ and postoperative measures. However, six patients were noted to have moderate to severe dry eye severity postoperatively and five of these six had decreased lacrimation (<20 mm) preoperatively. Patients with decreased tearing preoperatively demonstrated significantly worse postoperative DEQ‐5 scores when compared to patients with normal tearing (P < .0056).ConclusionsVN during EETA results in decreased tearing but is not associated with increased dry eye severity overall. However, patients with decreased tearing preoperatively are at risk for increased dry eye severity and should be counseled for this risk.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:1487–1491, 2021
Mission alignment: University presses versus institutional visions
Authors: Staines Heather 
Published: November 2020

Key points
There is no such thing as a ‘standard’ university press except to say that they all support their institutional missions to some extent.
The mission of an academic institution is not always aligned with that of their press and adaptation is often required – from discipline to organization to outreach.
There appears to be increasing alignment between the university library and the press with collaboration and sharing of resources and reporting.
University presses spend a great deal of time engaging with their institution and balancing this with wider outreach.
Autoimmune inner ear disease: A systematic review of management
Authors: Breslin Nathaniel K. , Varadarajan Varun V. , Sobel Eric S. , Haberman Rex S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study systematically reviewed the existing literature on the management of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED).Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe performed a literature search of Embase, NCBI, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from April 1990 to April 2020. Inclusion criteria included studies that were retrospective or prospective in nature evaluating the treatment of AIED with audiometric data measuring hearing outcomes during treatment. Hearing improvement was the primary study outcome and improvement in vestibular symptoms was the secondary study outcome.ResultsSixteen of 412 candidate articles were included in our study. Systemic steroid treatment is most commonly described. Alternative treatment modalities included intratympanic steroid treatment, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, methylprednisolone, rituximab, and anakinra.ConclusionSystemic corticosteroids are the first line treatment of AIED. Intratympanic steroids are a potential adjuvant or alternative treatment for patients who cannot tolerate or become refractory to steroid treatment. Steroid nonresponders may benefit from biologic therapy. Alternative treatment modalities including nonsteroidal immunosuppressants and biologics have been studied in small cohorts of patients with varying results. Prospective studies investigating the efficacy of biologic and nonsteroidal therapy are warranted.Level of Evidence2.
Proenkephalin Decreases in Cerebrospinal Fluid with Symptom Progression of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Niemela Valter , Landtblom Anne‐Marie , Nyholm Dag , Kneider Maria , Constantinescu Radu , Paucar Martin , Svenningsson Per , Abujrais Sandy , Burman Joachim , Shevchenko Ganna , Bergquist Jonas , Sundblom Jimmy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveIdentifying molecular changes that contribute to the onset and progression of Huntington's disease (HD) is of importance for the development and evaluation of potential therapies.MethodsWe conducted an unbiased mass‐spectrometry proteomic analysis on the cerebrospinal fluid of 12 manifest HD patients (ManHD), 13 pre‐manifest (preHD), and 38 controls. A biologically plausible and significant possible biomarker was validated in samples from a separate cohort of patients and controls consisting of 23 ManHD patients and 23 controls.ResultsIn ManHD compared to preHD, 10 proteins were downregulated and 43 upregulated. Decreased levels of proenkephalin (PENK) and transthyretin were closely linked to HD symptom severity, whereas levels of 15 upregulated proteins were associated with symptom severity. The decreased PENK levels were replicated in the separate cohort where absolute quantitation was performed.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that declining PENK levels reflect the degeneration of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that produce PENK and that assays for PENK may serve as a surrogate marker for the state of MSNs in HD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Current nanotechnology advances in diagnostic biosensors
Authors: Barbosa Ana I. , Rebelo Rita , Reis Rui L. , Bhattacharya Mrinal , Correlo Vitor M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrent diagnostics present challenges that are imposed by increased life expectancy in the worldwide population. These challenges are related, not only to satisfy the need for higher performance of diagnostic tests, but also to the capacity of creating point‐of‐care, wearable, multiplexing and implantable diagnostic platforms that will allow early detection, continuous monitoring and treatment of health conditions in a personalized manner. These health challenges are translated into technological issues that need to be solved with multidisciplinary knowledge. Nanoscience and technology play a fundamental role in the development of miniaturized sensors that are cheap, accurate, sensitive and consume less power. At nanometre scale, these materials possess higher volume‐to‐surface ratio and display novel properties (composition, charge, reactive sites, physical structure and potential) that are exploited for sensing purposes. These nanomaterials can therefore be integrated into diagnostic sensing platforms allowing the creation of novel technologies that tackle current health challenges. These nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors are extremely diverse, since they use numerous types of materials, nanostructures and detection modes for a multitude of biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art of nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors, emphasizing and discussing the diagnostic challenges that are addressed by the different engineering and nanotechnology approaches. This review also aims to identify the drawbacks of nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors, as well as point out future developmental directions.
Decoupled multi‐input multi‐output antennas with a common dipole for wideband 5G laptop computers
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Tse , Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo decoupled antennas, comprising two feeding monopoles and one dipole shared by the monopoles, for the fifth‐generation (5G) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) applications are proposed. The feeding monopoles are placed on both sides of the coupled‐fed, common dipole. First, to operate in the 3.3–5.0 GHz 5G wideband, two resonant modes at about 3.6 and 4.7 GHz, contributed to by the common dipole and the feeding monopoles respectively, are utilized. Then, by introducing distributed capacitance loaded on the dipole center, the one‐wavelength dipole resonant mode can be lowered to oppose the counter‐phased half‐wavelength mode currents on the half dipole, resulting in self decoupling around 3.6 GHz. The mutual coupling for the common dipole is reduced by about 19 dB in this study. The design shows a small size of 35 mm × 5 mm (0.38‐wavelength × 0.05‐wavelength at 3.3 GHz) and can be a promising candidate for narrow‐bezel 5G laptop computers.
The role of local inpatient psychiatric units and general practitioner on continuity of care in Northern Norway: A case‐register study
Authors: Myklebust Lars Henrik , Lassemo Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe general practitioners' (GP) role in the care of mental health patients has received increased attention. The literature underlines the need for integration of primary and specialist services, but cross‐boundary continuity for patients with severe conditions may be particularly poor. The aim of this study was to analyze the collaboration between primary care and different models of specialized psychiatric services for patients with severe conditions.MethodsWe compared a local and a centralized model of mental health care. Service utilization over a 5‐year period was studied.ResultsFindings suggest that a local institution‐based model of services positively affects the use of both GP and specialist outpatient care, with most inpatients utilizing both GP and specialist outpatient consultations. In the centralized model, a substantial proportion of inpatients only used GP outpatient care. Furthermore, inpatients that used both GP and specialist outpatient services received more of both services compared to those who did not enter specialist outpatient care at all.ConclusionLocal inpatient units may positively affect continuity of care and collaboration between general practitioners and specialist psychiatric services compared to more traditional hospital units, probably because better functional integration of services, better facilitation of clinical alliances/relationships, or a more network‐oriented treatment philosophy.
Comparison of two behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain: A systematic review
Authors: Birkedal Hanne Cathrine , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Steindal Simen A. , Solberg Marianne Trygg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the clinical utility and measurement properties of the Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool and the Behavioural Pain Scale when used to assess pain during procedures in the intensive care unit.DesignA systematic review was conducted, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO (01 October 2019). Study selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed by a pair of authors working independently. Different psychometric properties were addressed: inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity and criterion validity.ResultsEleven studies were included. Both Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool and the Behavioural Pain Scale showed good reliability and validity and were good options for assessing pain during painful procedures with intensive care unit patients unable to self‐report on pain. The Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool is to be preferred since this tool was shown to have particularly good reliability and validity in assessing pain during procedures, but the Behavioural Pain Scale is an appropriate alternative.
Surface modification of bamboo fiber with sodium hydroxide and graphene oxide in epoxy composites
Authors: Reale Batista Mariana Desireé , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBamboo fibers (BFs) have high mechanical properties and are candidate reinforcement for epoxy matrix composites. However, to improve performance, good fiber‐matrix interaction is required. In this work, unidirectional long BF reinforced epoxy composites at fiber volume content of 22%, 40%, and 50% were made by compression molding. The 40 v% untreated BF reinforced composites exhibited 107% and 439% increase for flexural strength and modulus, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment was used to modify the surface of the BFs, and then the NaOH modified BFs were coated with graphene oxide (GO). The 40 v% NaOH modified BF composites showed an improvement from 259.9 to 327.5 MPa for flexural strength and from 16.7 to 21.5 GPa for flexural modulus, compared to 40 v% untreated BF composites. Slight improvement in properties up to 334.6 MPa for flexural strength and up to 23.8 GPa for flexural modulus was achieved for composites made of 40 v% NaOH/GO modified BF. Surface modification of BF after the NaOH and NaOH/GO treatment was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy, which showed differences on the fiber surface morphology and on the composite fracture surface. This BF surface modification approach with GO has potential to impart other properties beyond mechanical to produce multifunctional composite and lead to the use of sustainable plant fibers as alternatives to synthetic fibers.
Less invasive surfactant administration is associated with a higher need for nonpharmacological pain‐relieving interventions compared to the intubation‐surfactant extubation technique in preterm infants
Authors: Höck Michaela , Posod Anna , Waltner‐Romen Maria , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Griesmaier Elke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimLISA is a promising method in improving preterm outcome. The aim of this study was to assess whether the INSURE (intubation‐surfactant extubation) technique or LISA (less invasive surfactant administration) procedure for surfactant administration is associated with more pain‐relieving interventions after the intervention in preterm infants.MethodsPreterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Innsbruck University hospital between Jan 2012 and June 2017 subjected to INSURE or LISA were included in the study, which was performed as a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data. Pain assessments were made bedside using the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates.ResultsDuring the study period 15 preterm infants (median gestational age 30.7 weeks; range: 25.9‐32.0 weeks) were subjected to INSURE technique and 59 (median gestational age 29.4 weeks; range: 25.1‐31.4 weeks) to LISA. Infants subjected to LISA showed a higher need for nonpharmacological pain‐relieving interventions in the first three days of life.ConclusionLISA procedure compared to INSURE technique was associated with a higher need for pain‐relieving interventions in the first three days of life. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to optimize this less invasive method for surfactant application with special focus on pain in neonates.
Diverse roles of long non‐coding RNAs in viral diseases
Authors: Ginn Lucy , La Montagna Manuela , Wu Qinghua , Shi Lei 
Published: November 2020

SummaryViral infection leads to large alterations in the host transcriptome and stimulates an antiviral host immune response involving numerous proteins and signalling pathways. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators during viral infection. Emerging data demonstrates that lncRNAs play essential roles at the host pathogen interface modulating viral infection by either antiviral response at distinct level including pathogen recognition receptors or by epigenetic, transcriptional, and post‐transcriptional effects. Furthermore, differentially expressed lncRNAs may be employed as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for viral diseases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of lncRNAs and their functions in viral infections with a specific focus on host‐virus responses. In addition, the potential implications of lncRNAs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will be discussed.
Determinants of Word‐Reading Development in English Learner University Students: A Longitudinal Eye Movement Study
Authors: Schmidtke Daniel , Moro Anna L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigated the word‐reading development of adult second‐language learners of English. A sample of 70 (Mandarin or Cantonese) Chinese‐speaking students enrolled in a university‐level English bridging program at a Canadian university silently read passages of text at the beginning and end of the program while their eye movements were recorded. At each timepoint, we also administered a battery of tests that measure key component skills of second‐language reading (phonological processing, vocabulary knowledge, and listening comprehension). We found longitudinal changes in lexical processing for long words in early (refixation probability and gaze duration) and late (go‐past time and total reading time) eye movement measures, indicating a shift from a sublexical to a holistic word‐processing strategy. We found the largest gains in sublexical processing among students with stronger phonological awareness upon entry to the program and students who acquired more vocabulary than their peers during the program. We interpret the results of this study as evidence of a transition from a lexical processing strategy that is heavily reliant on phonological decoding to word‐reading behavior that is more actively engaged in higher order cognitive processes, such as meaning integration. This research offers novel insights into predictors of reading skill in postsecondary English‐language bridging programs.
Evidence Use in Argument Writing Based on Multiple Texts
Authors: Du Hongcui , List Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we focused on one particular challenge in argumentative writing based on multiple texts: evidence use. Specifically, we first examined undergraduate students’ strategy reports when processing evidence presented in conflicting and comparably trustworthy texts. Both surface‐level (i.e., restating) and deep‐level (e.g., evaluation, elaboration) evidence‐related processing strategies were identified in students’ typed strategy reports. Second, we examined students’ use of text‐based evidence in their writing. Students were found to have limitations in both the quantity and quality of evidence use in writing. Finally, we associated students’ evidence‐related processing strategies with their evidence use in writing. Only the quality of students’ evidence use in writing was significantly predicted by their evidence‐related processing strategies. However, significant predictors of the quality of evidence use in writing included both surface‐ and deep‐level strategies. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Reading in “Purgatory”: Tactical Literacies in a Remedial Reading Class
Authors: Masterson Jessica E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI detail findings from an ethnographic study of a high school remedial reading class, with a particular focus on students’ perceptions of what it means to be literate and how their mandatory enrollment in the course impacted their identities. Compounding students’ experiences was the existence of a high‐stakes reading examination that all students in the district must pass to graduate high school. Findings describe the contrast between school literacies that students learn in class and their own literate practices, which neither youth nor their teacher recognized as literacies, as well as the functioning of the remedial reading class as a sort of “purgatory” that holds and segregates students, the majority of whom are students of color and/or from marginalized socioeconomic backgrounds, for semesters on end. Still, students employed tactical literacies to subvert the teacher’s directives and reclaim their time. These findings suggest that common approaches to remediation may be a cause of youth disinterest in reading and that youth literacies may be leveraged in service of broader literacy goals, although the school must first acknowledge them.
Tilings in randomly perturbed graphs: Bridging the gap between Hajnal‐Szemerédi and Johansson‐Kahn‐Vu
Authors: Han Jie , Morris Patrick , Treglown Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA perfect Kr‐tiling in a graph G is a collection of vertex‐disjoint copies of Kr that together cover all the vertices in G. In this paper we consider perfect Kr‐tilings in the setting of randomly perturbed graphs; a model introduced by Bohman, Frieze, and Martin [7] where one starts with a dense graph and then adds m random edges to it. Specifically, given any fixed we determine how many random edges one must add to an n‐vertex graph G of minimum degree to ensure that, asymptotically almost surely, the resulting graph contains a perfect Kr‐tiling. As one increases we demonstrate that the number of random edges required “jumps” at regular intervals, and within these intervals our result is best‐possible. This work therefore closes the gap between the seminal work of Johansson, Kahn and Vu [25] (which resolves the purely random case, that is, ) and that of Hajnal and Szemerédi [18] (which demonstrates that for the initial graph already houses the desired perfect Kr‐tiling).