bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar Pulsation and the Production of Dust and Molecules in Galactic Carbon Stars
Authors: Kraemer Kathleen E. , Sloan G. C. , Keller Luke D. , McDonald Iain , Zijlstra Albert A. , Groenewegen Martin A. T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
New infrared spectra of 33 Galactic carbon stars from FORCAST on SOFIA reveal strong connections between stellar pulsations and the dust and molecular chemistry in their circumstellar shells. A sharp boundary in overall dust content, which predominantly measures the amount of amorphous carbon, separates the semiregular and Mira variables, with the semiregulars showing little dust in their spectra and the Miras showing more. In semiregulars, the contribution from SiC dust increases rapidly as the overall dust content grows, but in Miras, the SiC dust feature grows weaker as more dust is added. A similar dichotomy is found with the absorption band from CS at ∼7.3 μm, which is generally limited to semiregular variables. Observationally, these differences make it straightforward to distinguish semiregular and Mira variables spectroscopically without the need for long-term photometric observations or knowledge of their distances. The rapid onset of strong SiC emission in Galactic carbon stars in semiregular variables points to a different dust-condensation process before strong pulsations take over. The break in the production of amorphous carbon between semiregulars and Miras seen in the Galactic sample is also evident in Magellanic carbon stars, linking strong pulsations in carbon stars to the strong mass-loss rates which will end their lives as stars across a wide range of metallicities.
The Interaction between the Supernova Remnant W41 and the Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G23.33-0.30
Authors: Hogge Taylor G. , Jackson James M. , Allingham David , Guzman Andres E. , Killerby-Smith Nicholas , Kraemer Kathleen E. , Sanhueza Patricio , Stephens Ian W. , Whitaker J. Scott 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
G23.33-0.30 is a 600 M
⊙ infrared dark molecular filament that exhibits large NH3 velocity dispersions (σ ∼ 8 km s−1) and bright, narrow NH3(3, 3) line emission. We have probed G23.33-0.30 at the < 0.1 pc scale and confirmed that the narrow NH3(3, 3) line is emitted by four rare NH3(3, 3) masers, which are excited by a large-scale shock impacting the filament. G23.33-0.30 also displays a velocity gradient along its length, a velocity discontinuity across its width, shock-tracing SiO(5–4) emission extended throughout the filament, and broad turbulent line widths in NH3(1, 1) through (6, 6), CS(5–4), and SiO(5–4), as well as an increased NH3 rotational temperature (T
rot) and velocity dispersion (σ) associated with the shocked, blueshifted component. The correlations among T
rot, σ, and V
LSR imply that the shock is accelerating, heating, and adding turbulent energy to the filament gas. Given G23.33-0.30's location within the giant molecular cloud G23.0-0.4, we speculate that the shock and NH3(3, 3) masers originated from the supernova remnant (SNR) W41, which exhibits additional evidence of an interaction with G23.0-0.4. We have also detected the 1.3 mm dust continuum emission from at least three embedded molecular cores associated with G23.33-0.30. Although the cores have moderate gas masses (M = 7–10 M
⊙), their large virial parameters (α = 4–9) suggest that they will not collapse to form stars. The turbulent line widths of the (α > 1) cores may indicate negative feedback due to the SNR shock.
A Comprehensive Spectral Rotational Analysis of the Interstellar Methyl Isocyanate CH3NCO
Authors: Kolesniková L. , Kisiel Z. , Alonso E. R. , Guillemin J. C. , Alonso J. L. , Medvedev I. R. , Winnewisser M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is a recently identified interstellar molecule giving rise to many detected lines. Interestingly, its delayed identification was due not to weak lines but to a very complex rotational spectrum. To date, the only published laboratory transitions for this molecule are those between rotational energy levels with K ≤ 3. In the present work, Stark-modulation spectroscopy was used to record the room-temperature rotational spectrum of CH3NCO in the spectral region from 32 to 90 GHz. Observation of characteristic Stark effects, measured at specific low-voltage modulation conditions, and 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure allowed unambiguous assignment of rotational transitions up to K = 10. These newly assigned transitions were subsequently followed up to 364 GHz with the aid of Loomis–Wood-type displays. Since there are no reports on astrophysical detection of 13C isotopic species, first laboratory measurements between 50 and 300 GHz have also been performed for CH3N13CO and 13CH3NCO isotopologues. A comprehensive spectral analysis undertaken in this work made it possible to extend the knowledge of the rotational spectrum of CH3NCO to more than 2500 new transitions. Furthermore, more than 1200 lines were identified and analyzed for each of the isotopologues. The extensive line lists and sets of molecular parameters reported in this work provide the basis for further astrophysical searches of CH3NCO.
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Implications for the Dense Matter Equation of State
Authors: Raaijmakers G. , Riley T. E. , Watts A. L. , Greif S. K. , Morsink S. M. , Hebeler K. , Schwenk A. , Hinderer T. , Nissanke S. , Guillot S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Bogdanov S. , Chakrabarty D. , Gendreau K. C. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Ludlam R. M. , Wolff M. T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Both the mass and radius of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 have been inferred via pulse-profile modeling of X-ray data obtained by NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission. In this Letter we study the implications of the mass–radius inference reported for this source by Riley et al. for the dense matter equation of state (EoS), in the context of prior information from nuclear physics at low densities. Using a Bayesian framework we infer central densities and EoS properties for two choices of high-density extensions: a piecewise-polytropic model and a model based on assumptions of the speed of sound in dense matter. Around nuclear saturation density these extensions are matched to an EoS uncertainty band obtained from calculations based on chiral effective field theory interactions, which provide a realistic description of atomic nuclei as well as empirical nuclear matter properties within uncertainties. We further constrain EoS expectations with input from the current highest measured pulsar mass; together, these constraints offer a narrow Bayesian prior informed by theory as well as laboratory and astrophysical measurements. The NICER mass–radius likelihood function derived by Riley et al. using pulse-profile modeling is consistent with the highest-density region of this prior. The present relatively large uncertainties on mass and radius for PSR J0030+0451 offer, however, only a weak posterior information gain over the prior. We explore the sensitivity to the inferred geometry of the heated regions that give rise to the pulsed emission, and find a small increase in posterior gain for an alternative (but less preferred) model. Lastly, we investigate the hypothetical scenario of increasing the NICER exposure time for PSR J0030+0451.
Constraining the Neutron Star Mass–Radius Relation and Dense Matter Equation of State with NICER. II. Emission from Hot Spots on a Rapidly Rotating Neutron Star
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Lamb Frederick K. , Mahmoodifar Simin , Miller M. Coleman , Morsink Sharon M. , Riley Thomas E. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Tung Albert K. , Watts Anna L. , Dittmann Alexander J. , Chakrabarty Deepto , Guillot Sebastien , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We describe the model of surface emission from a rapidly rotating neutron star that is applied to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer X-ray data of millisecond pulsars in order to statistically constrain the neutron star mass–radius relation and dense matter equation of state. To ensure that the associated calculations are both accurate and precise, we conduct an extensive suite of verification tests between our numerical codes for both the Schwarzschild + Doppler and Oblate Schwarzschild approximations, and compare both approximations against exact numerical calculations. We find superb agreement between the code outputs, as well as in comparisons against a set of analytical and semi-analytical calculations, which, combined with their speed, demonstrates that the codes are well suited for large-scale statistical sampling applications. A set of verified, high-precision reference synthetic pulse profiles is provided to the community to facilitate testing of other independently developed codes.
Comparison of Yellow Dye, Continuous Wave Nd=YAG, and Argon Green Laser on Experimentally Induced Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Krasnick Neal M , Spigelman Alan V 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Corneal neovascularization is generally undesirable because it can lead to corneal scarring, lipid deposits, and corneal graft failure. To eliminate these vessels, several techniques are available including laser photocoagulation.
METHODS: This prospective study was designed to compare the effectiveness of three laser wavelengths (continuous wave Nd:YAG, 1064 nm; argon green 514 nm; and yellow dye, 570 nm) to obliterate experimentally induced corneal neovascularization in the rabbit. Corneal vascularization was created in 12 rabbits by placing 7-0 silk sutures through two quadrants of the cornea. Once neovascularization was complete, the suture was removed and one of the three lasers was applied to occlude vessels at one of the neovascular sites. The other site was used as a control.
RESULTS: The yellow wavelength, when compared with the green required fewer exposures to occlude corneal vessels. At no time during observation was any laser more effective than the control. In the continuous wave Nd:YAG group, tissue necrosis was needed to achieve closure of vessels.
CONCLUSIONS: Yellow and green laser light are equally effective in eliminating the corneal vessels. Continuous wave Nd:"XAG, as used here, appears to be a poor choice. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:45-49.]
Pharmacological Strategies for Presbyopia Correction
Authors: Montés-Micó Robert , Charman W. Neil 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE:
To summarize the pharmacological strategies that are being explored for presbyopia correction.

METHODS:
The review concentrates on pharmacologically induced pupillary miosis to increase depth-of-focus and lens softening or other measures to restore active accommodation.

RESULTS:
Several studies suggest that near vision improves and distance vision is unaffected for many hours after either monocular or binocular instillation of any one of several drug combinations that cause miosis. Unfortunately, in most studies, measurements were limited to photopic visual acuity for near and distance vision, whereas it is anticipated that pupil constriction may have adverse effects on mesopic and scotopic vision. It is not clear whether improved near vision was due entirely to increased depth-of-focus, or whether, for example, a drug-induced myopic shift in refraction was also involved. Currently, no study has provided direct evidence for drug-induced restoration/enhancement of true accommodation involving an ocular power change.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although it is possible that, in the future, pharmacological drops may offer a safe and reliable solution for presbyopia correction, more evidence of their effectiveness and limitations is required.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(12):803–814.]
Prediction of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity From Optical Simulations With Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Martínez Javier , Burguera Noemi , Piñero David P. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate whether the prediction of visual performance based on the modulation transfer function area (MTFa) calculated with optical simulations is better correlated with visual acuity or contrast sensitivity obtained from defocus curves in patients implanted with a trifocal intraocular lens.

METHODS:
Biometric eye data from 43 patients were used to create a mean eye model. A trifocal intraocular lens with a power obtained from the mean of the eyes implanted was incorporated into the model and the MTFa was calculated at the 11 defocus planes corresponding the 11 defocus locations measured in clinical practice. Simulations were conducted for pupil diameters of 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 mm. The MTFa correlation with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was evaluated with the mean obtained after stratification of the clinical sample in four groups according to the previous pupil diameters.

RESULTS:

A linear model predicted the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity from MTFa with similar accuracy to nonlinear models, with
R
2
approximately 0.50 for visual acuity and approximately 0.42 for contrast sensitivity. A change of −0.01 logMAR and −0.02 logC was produced per unit of MTFa for visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, respectively. The mean difference between the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity obtained from the model and that measured in clinical practice was close to zero, but the bias varied depending on the defocus lens used, with higher deviation at −0.50 and −3.00 diopters of defocus.

CONCLUSIONS:
The MTFa obtained from optical simulations can be used to predict the mean visual acuity and contrast sensitivity consistently, with contrast sensitivity being more sensitive but with higher bias.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(12):789–795.]
The Plasticity of Newly Formed B Cells
Authors: Giltiay Natalia V. , Giordano Daniela , Clark Edward A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Newly formed B cells (NF–B cells) that emerge from the bone marrow to the periphery have often been referred to as immature or transitional B cells. However, NF–B cells have several striking characteristics, including a distinct BCR repertoire, high expression of AID, high sensitivity to PAMPs, and the ability to produce cytokines. A number of findings do not support their designation as immature because NF–B cells have the potential to become Ab-producing cells and to undergo class-switch recombination. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on NF–B cell functions and describe some of the signals driving their activation. We summarize growing evidence supporting a role for NF–B cells in protection against infections and as a potential source of autoantibody-producing cells in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
LA RELATION ENTRE L’ÉTAT ET LA DETTE PUBLIQUE: LES APPROCHES GÉNÉRALES, LES LOGIQUES POLITIQUES, LA CRISE ET LE CAS ITALIEN (’70-’90)
Authors: Tedoldi Leonida 
Published: December 2019

This article rethinks the political and institutional causes of the rapid debt growth and its exploitation in the italian “blocked” political system (so-called “First Republic”). Italian State has always lived above its means, with a constant imbalance between income and expenditure and at the same time expanding its distance with respect to society (but the debt was paid by social groups that took advantage of it). This process triggered off a perennial crisis of representation and strengthened the instability of relations between political institutions and society. Therefore, sovereign debt downturns are always crises of institutional legitimization and require a redefinition of the ways in which sovereignty and power are exercised. Thus, the article investigates the impact of the “political use” of the public debt by governments on the relationship between the State and society.
LA CULTURA IN LOMBARDIA NELL’ETÀ TERESIANA
Authors: Gaspari Gianmarco 
Published: December 2019

The first half of the 18th century, in a way, is a period of preparation, ending with two facts that will soon acquire a considerable symbolic significance: the death of Ludovico Antonio Muratori and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. In Milan, Muratori’s legacy mainly lies in the historical studies, but it can also be seen in the project of an increasingly strong interaction between culture and society. The new intellectual generation, gathering around the periodical “Il Caffè”, adds to what Muratori had taught the explosive mixture of novelties from the transalpine countries, first of all, Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie, and the revolutionary place it gives to ‘practice’ within the hierarchy of knowledge. “Il Caffè”, and works such as On Crimes and Punishments, Meditations on Happiness, and Observations on Torture, but even Parini’s civil poetry, hand down to the following century a multifarious reflection on justice, social coexistence, and improvement of mankind, which will become deeply rooted in the collective consciousness, thus reducing the 17th-century gap between Italy and Europe regarding science.
Differential analysis of executive functions in children from disadvantaged families vs. children with autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Gómez-Pérez María del Mar , Calero M. Dolores 
Published: December 2019

Las Funciones Ejecutivas (EF) se consideran necesarias para afrontar nuevas situaciones y para controlar la propia conducta. Estudios han confirmado dificultades en las FE en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (ASD) y en niños de familias desfavorecidas (DF). Este estudio pretende examinar las dificultades en EF en las dos poblaciones –ASD and DF children- con respecto a las EF en niños que muestran un desarrollo típico (TD). Un total de 89 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 12 años, divididos en tres grupos, participaron en el estudio: 28 con ASD, 36 de DF y 25 con TD. La evaluación se realizó con diferentes medidas de EF (atención ejecutiva, flexibilidad cognitive, inhibición y memoria de trabajo) y en coherencia central. En general, los niños de DF obtuvieron las menores puntuaciones en todas las medidas, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas respecto a los otros grupos en todos los casos. Los niños con ASD obtuvieron puntuaciones similares al grupo TD en atención ejecutiva y memoria de trabajo, y mayores puntuaciones en coherencia central. En comparación con los niños de DF, los niños con TEA obtuvieron un desempeño mayor en todas las medidas. Estos resultados indicarían entonces, que los programas de intervención diseñados para cada uno de los grupos deben centrarse en diferentes tipos de tareas.
Executive Functions (EF) are considered necessary for dealing with new situations and for controlling one's behavior. Studies have confirmed EF difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in children from disadvantaged families (DF). This study aimed to examine EF difficulties in the two populations –ASD and DF children- with respect to EF in children who show typical development (TD). A total of 89 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years participated, divided into three groups: 28 with ASD, 36 from DF and 25 with TD. Assessments were made with different measures of EF (executive attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory) and central coherence. In general, the children from DF obtained the lowest scores in all measures, although differences were not significant with respect to the other groups in all cases. Children with ASD obtained similar scores to the TD group in executive attention and working memory, and higher scores in central coherence. In comparison to the children from DF, the ASD children did better on all measures. These results would indicate that intervention programs designed for the two groups must be focus on different kind of tasks.
Health and burnout of home health care assistants: impact of a training intervention
Authors: Saavedra Macías Francisco Javier , Murvartian Lara , Vallecillo Natividad 
Published: December 2019

Existe una creciente necesidad de cuidados en los países desarrollados, por lo que el número de cuidadoras a domicilio ha aumentado de manera exponencial. La literatura ha señalado que este grupo profesional tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir una gran variedad de problemas de salud. A pesar de su importancia, no hay cursos de entrenamiento descritos para ellas. Este estudio describe el diseño de un curso psicoeducativo para un grupo de cuidadoras y muestra los resultados de un estudio pre-post para evaluar su efectividad considerando las siguientes variables: el estado psicosocial de salud, el agotamiento y los pensamientos disfuncionales sobre el cuidado. Una ANOVA de medidas repetidas se utilizó siempre que fue posible y la prueba de Wilcoxon o la prueba de Mann Whitney se usaron como pruebas no paramétricas. Los pensamientos disfuncionales se redujeron después del curso, siendo el tamaño del efecto mediano a grande. La disfunción social se redujo solo en el grupo de mujeres que también eran cuidadoras familiares. Llegamos a la conclusión de que los cuidadores profesionales pueden beneficiarse de una breve capacitación.
There is a growing need for care in developed countries, so the number of home health care assistants has increased exponentially. The literature has pointed out that this professional group is at high risk for a variety of health problems. Despite its importance, there are no described specific training interventions for it. This study describes a course for a group of female caregivers. A pre-post study is carried out to evaluate its effectiveness considering the following variables: the psychosocial state of health, the burnout and the dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving. The repeated measures ANOVA was used whenever possible and the Wilcoxon-test or the Mann Whitney-test were used as nonparametric tests. Dysfunctional thoughts were reduced after the course, being the effect size medium to large. Social dysfunction was reduced only in the group of women who were also family caregivers. We conclude that professional caregivers can benefit from brief training.