bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in transcription factors related to neuroglial cell reprogramming
Authors: Liu Kuangpin , Ma Wei , Li Chunyan , Li Junjun , Zhang Xingkui , Liu Jie , Liu Wei , Wu Zheng , Zang Chenghao , Liang Yu , Guo Jianhui , Li Liyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neuroglial cells have a high level of plasticity, and many types of these cells are present in the nervous system. Neuroglial cells provide diverse therapeutic targets for neurological diseases and injury repair. Cell reprogramming technology provides an efficient pathway for cell transformation during neural regeneration, while transcription factor-mediated reprogramming can facilitate the understanding of how neuroglial cells mature into functional neurons and promote neurological function recovery.
The Effect of Resistance Exercise Movement Tempo on Psychophysiological Responses in Novice Men
Authors: Tavares Vagner Deuel de Oliveira , Agrícola Pedro Moraes Dutra , Nascimento Paulo Henrique Duarte , nidas de Oliveira Neto Leô , Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed , Machado Daniel Gomes da Silva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tavares, VDdO, Agrícola, PMD, Nascimento, PHD, Oliveira Neto, L, Elsangedy, HM, and Machado, DGS. The effect of resistance exercise movement tempo on psychophysiological responses in novice men. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1264–1273, 2020—This study aimed to compare the effects of movement tempo in resistance exercise (RE) on psychophysiological responses in novice men. Seventeen novice men (24.5 ± 3.2 years; 79.3 ± 8.22 kg; 1.76 ± 0.06 m) performed the 10 repetition maximum (10RM) test for bench press and knee extension in 2 sessions (test-retest) and 2 RE training sessions with different movement tempos in a random and counterbalanced order (4 sets of 10 repetitions). The low tempo RE (LTRE) session was performed using 50% 10RM with 3-0-3-0 seconds (concentric, pause, eccentric, and pause, respectively). The moderate tempo RE (MTRE) session was performed using 80% 10RM with 1-0-1-0 seconds (concentric, pause, eccentric, and pause, respectively). Affective valence (Feeling Scale), perceived activation (FAS), attentional focus, and ratings of perceived exertion (Borg 6–20) were reported after each set. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed only a significant main effect of the set (all ps < 0.05), indicating changes between sets but not between LTRE and MTRE. In addition, a paired-samples t-test did not find significant differences between LTRE and MTRE, on average, in any psychophysiological responses (all ps > 0.16). Thus, for the protocol tested, there is no psychophysiological advantage to using either LTRE or MTRE in novice men. From a practical perspective, for psychophysiological responses, the present results suggest that it is up to the trainer/coach to decide which RE movement tempo to use, which will depend on the purpose of the training period, specificity, client tolerance of and preference for exercise intensity, and movement tempo.
α2δ-2 Protein Controls Structure and Function at the Cerebellar Climbing Fiber Synapse
Authors: Beeson Kathleen A. , Beeson Ryne , Westbrook Gary L. , Schnell Eric 
Published: February 2020

α2δ proteins (Cacna2d1-4) are auxiliary subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels that also drive synapse formation and maturation. Because cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) predominantly, if not exclusively, express one isoform of this family, α2δ-2 (Cacna2d2), we used PCs as a model system to examine roles of α2δ in excitatory synaptic function in male and femaleCacna2d2knock-out (KO) mice. Whole-cell recordings of PCs from acute cerebellar slices revealed altered climbing fiber (CF)-evoked complex spike generation, as well as increased amplitude and faster decay of CF-evoked EPSCs. CF terminals in the KO were localized more proximally on PC dendrites, as indicated by VGLUT2+immunoreactive puncta, and computational modeling demonstrated that the increased EPSC amplitude can be partly attributed to the more proximal location of CF terminals. In addition, CFs in KO mice exhibited increased multivesicular transmission, corresponding to greater sustained responses during repetitive stimulation, despite a reduction in the measured probability of release. Electron microscopy demonstrated that mutant CF terminals had twice as many vesicle release sites, providing a morphologic explanation for the enhanced glutamate release. Though KO CFs evoked larger amplitude EPSCs, the charge transfer was the same as wild-type as a result of increased glutamate reuptake, producing faster decay kinetics. Together, the larger, faster EPSCs in the KO explain the altered complex spike responses, which degrade information transfer from PCs and likely contribute to ataxia inCacna2d2KO mice. Our results also illustrate the multidimensional synaptic roles of α2δ proteins.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTα2δ proteins (Cacna2d1-4) regulate synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis, but coexpression of multiple α2δ isoforms has obscured a clear understanding of how various α2δ proteins control synaptic function. We focused on roles of the α2δ-2 protein (Cacna2d2), the deletion of which causes cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy in mice and humans. Because cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) only express this single isoform, we studied excitatory climbing fiber synaptic function onto PCs inCacna2d2KO mice. Using optical and electrophysiological analysis, we provide a detailed description of the changes in PCs lacking α2δ-2, and provide a comprehensive mechanistic explanation for how functional synaptic phenotypes contribute to the altered cerebellar output.
Evaluación de la calidad del agua de los arrecifes del golfo de Cazones, sur de Cuba, a partir de algunos indicadores microbiológicos y químicos
Authors: Lugioyo Gladys Margarita , González Daymarlen , García Ileana 
Published: February 2020

Los arrecifes coralinos constituyen uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados por los efectos de la actividad antrópica y el cambio climático, impactos a los cuales no escapan los arrecifes del Mar Caribe. El objetivo de la investigación fue la evaluación de la calidad del agua aledaña a los arrecifes del golfo de Cazones, S de Cuba, a partir de algunos indicadores microbiológicos y químicos. Se realizaron dos muestreos en épocas contrastantes, noviembre 2015 (invierno) y abril 2017 (verano), donde se tomaron 13 muestras de agua (cinco en las crestas y ocho en los arrecifes frontales). Los arrecifes más vulnerables, tomando en consideración los indicadores seleccionados microbiológicos y químicos de calidad de las aguas, fueron Sureste de cayo Diego Pérez 2 (SE-Cy.DP2), Sureste de cayo Diego Pérez 1 (SE-Cy.DP1) y Sur de la ensenada de Cazones (S-EC) (Nirvana), al presentar elevadas concentraciones de bacterias heterótrofas, de sulfato-reductoras, de vibrios y de materia orgánica (DQO). De acuerdo con la concentración de bacterias heterótrofas, el estado trófico de las aguas varió entre mesotróficas a meso-eutróficas oeste de la ensenada de Cazones (O-EC), seguido de este de la ensenada de Cazones (E-EC) y sur de la ensenada de Cazones (S-EC) lo que indica que las aguas aledañas a esos arrecifes se mantienen enriquecidas de materia orgánica, tanto en las crestas como en los arrecifes frontales. Los resultados obtenidos deben servir de alerta, ya que existen condiciones para el deterioro paulatino de los arrecifes.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ НАПРЯМКИ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ НА КАФЕДРІ ДВИГУНОБУДУВАННЯ
Authors: Катренко М. О. , Бондаренко С. Г. , Сосновська О. В. , Золотько О. Є. , Марченко О. Л. , Подольчак С. М. 
Published: February 2020

A retrospective of directions of scientific researches of employees of the chair of engine-building of physical-technical faculty is presented. The historical formation and development, achievements of the faculty's scientists in the field of rocket engine construction, as well as prospects or their further research are considered.
ANGULAR MOVEMENT PROGRAM CALCULATION PROCEDURE SPACECRAFT WHEN TAKING THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH IN AREA MODE
Authors: Lutz Oleg Viktorovich , Borshchova Galina Alexandrovna , Yarmolchuk Evgeny Dmitrievich , Manoilenko Alexander Alekseevich 
Published: February 2020

Currently increased interest in satellite images of the Earth's surface with high resolution terrain (1 to 10 m). To obtain such images, you must use a long focus optical system (OS) having a limited field of view that does not allow the images of the large width. To increase the effectiveness of shooting in modern space systems (SS) Earth observation provides the opportunity after shooting a segment of the Earth's surface to redirect the OS to another area and spend it shooting. With sufficient speed shift OS it is possible to survey two or more adjacent parcels, which is almost equivalent to the corresponding increase in the width of the field of view of the removing apparatus. In this connection there is the task of restoring the OS, which is solved by the use of appropriate hardware and software control the angular movement of the removing apparatus. When creating the SS there is also the need to solve the following tasks: calculation of the program angular motion in a given length of the removable sections and a predetermined number of adjacent strips to be shot, with the purpose of definition of system requirements, spacecraft (SC) control and calculation under given characteristics of the system orientation of the SC possible number of the maximum length and remove adjacent portions of the surface of the Earth. To solve these tasks the mathematical model software of angular motion of the SC. Given the necessary initial data, mathematical model and method of calculation of kinematic parameters of a software angular motion of a SC in the mode of area highway shooting adjacent sections of the Earth's surface located at a predetermined distance from a trace route SC; examples and results of numerical calculations of the programmes angular motion by moving the instrument in remote sensing.
Solvability of a system of higher order nonlinear difference equations
Authors: KARA Merve , YAZLİK Yasin , TOLLU Durhasan Turgut 
Published: February 2020

In this paper we show that the system of difference equations\[ x_n= a y_{n-k}+\frac{dy_{n-k}x_{n-( k+l ) }}{b x_{n-(k+l)}+cy_{n-l}}=\alpha x_{n-k}+\frac{\delta x_{n-k}y_{n-(k+l)}}{\beta y_{n-(k+l)}}+\gamma x_{n-l}, \] where $n\in \mathbb{N}_{0},$ $k$ and $l$ are positive integers, the parameters $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$, $\alpha $, $\beta $, $\gamma $, $\delta $ are real numbers and the initial values $x_{-j}$, $y_{-j}$, $j=\overline{1,k+l}$, are real numbers, can be solved in the closed form. We also determine the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the case $l=1$ and describe the forbidden set of the initial values using the obtained formulas. Our obtained results significantly extend and develop some recent results in the literature.
Sandstone petrography and geochemistry of the Nayband Formation (Upper Triassic, Central Iran): Implications for sediment provenance and tectonic setting
Authors: Etesampour Asghar , Mahboubi Asadollah , Moussavi-Harami Reza , Arzani Nasser , Salehi Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) Nayband Formation is situated at the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent and records Eo-Cimmerian events. The formation is composed of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits. This study presents information on the tectonic reconstruction and palaeoclimate of the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic. Petrography and modal analyses of sandstones show a variety of quartz-rich petrofacies including subarkose, lithic arkose, sublitharenite, feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The combined modal analysis and geochemical results of major and trace elements of the sandstone samples represents mixed sedimentary, intermediate, felsic igneous rocks and moderate- to high-grade metamorphic provenance areas. The major elements and modal analyses of the Nayband Formation sandstone samples suggest an active continental margin tec-tonic settings. The palaeoclimatic conditions were sub-humid to humid with relatively low to moderate weathering in the source area which is in agreement with the palaeogeography and palaeotectonic history of southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic.
The Norian fish deposits of Wiestal („Seefeld Member“, Northern Calcareous Alps, Salzburg, Austria) – taxonomy and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Hornung Thomas , Kogan Ilja , Moosleitner Gero , Wolf Gerhard , van der Wielen Joop 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Alaunian Seefeld Member of the Upper Triassic, a dark grey laminated and bituminous dolomitic limestone succession outcropping near the Wiestal-reservoir lake northeast of Hallein (Salzburg, Austria) is known for its extremely rich ‘ganoid’ fish fauna since more than a century. A privately initiated excavation that took place from 2012 to 2014 yielded far more than a thousand well-preserved fish fossils recovered largely from five mm-thin fossil horizons. The actinopterygian assemblage is dominated by several growth stages of the highly variable ginglymodian Paralepidotus ornatus, allowing for a documentation of ontogenetic transformations in cranial and postcranial morphology, dentition and squamation patterns, associated with habitat and dietary shifts. Small-sized swarm-fishes such as the macrosemiid Legnonotus and the teleost Pholidophorus are rather common members of the assemblage, while the occurrence of the ginglymodian Semiolepis, the dapediid Dandya, the dwarfish pycnodont Eomesodon and the large predatory ‘palaeopterygian’ Saurichthys is restricted to rare individuals. A single scale of a large-sized coelacanth, a well-preserved, small lobster-like decapod, plant remains and coaly gagate derived from disarticulated driftwood belong to rare associated finds. Both the perfect preservation of all fossils and the bituminous laminated dolomitic limestones barren of microfossils argue for a deposition under anoxic conditions, most probably due to salinity stratification. The occurrence of complete swarms, partly showing isoorientation of fish carcasses in distinct layers, speaks in favour of recurrent and rapid mortality events triggered by upwelling anoxic bottom water, most likely released by severe tropical storms.
Economic Activities among Barra Community in Sindh, Pakistan: A Case study of Matli Town, District Badin
Authors: Lashari Naveed Ahmed , Mohyuddin Anwaar 
Published: February 2020

This Research paper deals with ethnography of Barra community with special focus on their economic activities. Main concern of research paper is to present a holistic view of this community in general and particular question the relationship between their income generating activities and social life. Research paper is an attempt to provide the analysis of community and way they organize to carry out socio-economic activities. Every community has a distinctive culture, which refers to customary behavior and beliefs that are passed on through the process of enculturation. Barra is a word which is used for calling a boy or child of Ghara community which is now the identity of Ghara community but before the partition they were known as “Ghargula Faqeer” which is another caste of community because their occupations were same , they both sell handmade pots; toys and other things with selling hand made things they were used to beg too but slowly and gradually they diverted toward begging and their identity changed in the process and they started to known as “Barra”. They are nomads where ever they found the empty plot and someone give them protection and provide them safety. They have been living in Matli from century and half but as they are nomads so they pasture from one place to another but their center always been Matli. They are Hindus and belong to scheduled caste but they don’t consider themselves “Shudar”.
Performance of a Solar Humidification Dehumidification Desalination System on December 27th and 28th in North Cyprus
Authors: Atikol Uğur , Enayatollahi Reza , Madani Seyed Saeed 
Published: February 2020

The present study is concerned with desalinating the saline water, using the humidification dehumidification method. An open air open water cycle is chosen, whilst forced air circulation is applied. The system utilizes water and air heating technique. The energy required for heating the air is provided by solar radiation, while the required energy for heating the water is provided by electricity. The goals of this study are: a) To study different existing systems in the literature; b) To review the governing equations for each segment of the desalination unit; and c) To conduct and experiment on the above described humidification dehumidification desalination unit under North Cyprus winter conditions. The solar air heater placed to azimuth angle of -20, with a tilt angle of 45 . According to the experiment, the optimum flow rate for water stream is 4 Lt/min, while the air flow rate is 1.5m3/min. Besides, the inlet water temperature to the evaporator is kept at 55◦c. The maximum productivity of 1.55 Lt/day.m2 is achieved for this condition. The present experiment implies that the maximum productivity is achieved with higher temperature of both air and water streams into the evaporator, higher flow rate for water and lower flow rate for air.
Effect of nanoSiO2 Additive of Some Mechanical and Water Absorption of Polyvinyl Alchol/Chitosan Blends
Authors: Ali Nadia Abbas , Al-Ajaj Ekram Atta , Noori F.T. Mohammed 
Published: February 2020

Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan blend (PVA/CC(50:50) and (PVA/CC/10wt% SiO2) composite, were prepared by casting method on a glass plate . Poly (vinyl alcohol)-chitosan blend films were prepared with a thickness about 250 micron. The crystalline structure of PVA and fingerprint of semi-crystalline of chitosan was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The tensile results show that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of these hybrid films were greatly improved compared to the neat PVA film which was 10.86 MPa, 82GPa respectively and for the sample containing 10 wt% silica was 20.6 MPa and 227GPa respectively where compared to PVA/CC which was 15.93 MPa and 131GPa respectively. Strong interfacial bonding between the silica and the PVA/CC, and homogenous distribution of the silica particles in PVA/CC are supportive of markedly improved mechanical strength. The solubility measurements showed that the hybrid has an enhanced water resistance, the solubility decreased with the addition of silica. Blending PVA and chitosan improved strength and young modules of the film and increased water uptake because hydrophobicity of two polymers blend films.
Leasing: An Alternative Financing Mechanism for SMEs
Authors: Hossain Md. Mosharref 
Published: February 2020

In almost every developing country Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) are treated as the engine for economic growth and the availability of external finance for them is a topic of significant research interest to academics and policy makers around the globe. SMEs need improved access to finance especially for acquiring capital equipment and applications of new technology for operations. However, their access to finance is restricted because they do not have reliable credit histories, adequate capitalization or additional assets for collateral. Most of the financial institutions are reluctant to provide term loans or cash flow based lending to the SME sector. Thus, SMEs face severe disadvantages while trying to obtain financing relative to larger and more established firms. On the other hand, leasing is an asset-backed, term financing product. It focuses basically on the ability of lessee’s cash flow generation from their regular business operations to service the lease payment, rather than on the asset base. In this connection, this paper investigates how as an alternative financing mechanism, leasing can be the useful tool in facilitating greater access to finance for SMEs. From the survey of the paper it is found that out of 46.67% who got the access into the formal financial institutions only 7.14 per cent of the enterprises avail the lease facilities. So it is strongly suggested that developing the leasing sector as a means of delivering finance increases the range of financial products in the marketplace and provides a route for accessing finance to SMEs that would otherwise be impossible.
Comparative Assessment of Urban Flood Risks due to Urbanization and Climate Change in the Turnhout Valley of Belgium
Authors: Alam Md. Shahabul , Willems Patrick , Alam Md. Masud 
Published: February 2020

The combined effect of urbanization and climate change on catchment runoff has been drawing attention in the recent years to assess the impact of climate change on urbanizing catchments. There has been extensive development of paved areas within the city of Turnhout in Belgium in combination with several modifications of the neighbouring rivers. Moreover, the city authority has decided to encourage more densification of housing and industries within or next to the cores, which would lead to frequent overflows out of the existing combined sewer system. This combination leads to a faster flow of larger quantities of water which physically cannot be retained by the valleys over this region and thus causes increasingly frequent and harmful flood events affecting agricultural lands. The situation could be indisputably exacerbated under climate change scenarios. This study focuses on assessing the effects of urban development and climate change on flood risks in the downstream of Turnhout. For this study, a lumped conceptual hydrological model NAM was developed for generating runoff from the catchment. The CCI-HYDR perturbation tool, developed by Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, was applied to generate time series of future rainfall and evapotranspiration. The urban runoffs were obtained from the simulation of existing InfoWorks CS model under both current and climate change (A1B, A2, B1 and B2) scenarios. Rainfall-runoff was then uniformly distributed along the river reaches and urban runoff was applied as point source boundary conditions in the calibrated and validated MIKE 11 river flood model. Composite hydrographs with different return periods for all the boundary conditions were generated through extreme value analysis. The results show intensified and more frequent peak runoff resulting from combined effect of urbanization and climate change, in comparison to the individual effect of urbanization or climate change each. The increased peak runoff in the river due to heavy rainfall coinciding with development of paved surfaces within the city would lead to severe urban flooding when urbanization and climate change scenarios are accounted for.