bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved lithium‐ion battery simulations of the influence of lithium‐nickel‐manganese‐cobalt‐oxide particle roughness on the electrochemical performance
Authors: Cernak Susanne , Gerbig Felix , Kespe Michael , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis publication deals with the influence of the roughnesses of single lithium‐nickel‐manganese‐cobalt‐oxide‐based active material particles on the electrochemical behaviour. A roughness model is used to create particles with a defined roughness depth. Subsequently, comparative calculations are performed using a 3D spatially resolved electrochemical model under different operating conditions. The results show that for small C‐rates below 1C, the usage of the widespread assumption of smooth and spherical active material particles in models is justified. For higher C‐rates, the particle's shape and roughness are not negligible. Small, rough particles show the best performance characteristics for high rate applications. For operation in the diffusion‐limited state (low diffusion coefficient and high C‐rate), the smallest absolute diffusion length represents a better correlation in terms of utilizable capacity compared to the volume‐specific active surface area.
Analysis of anomaly detection method for Internet of things based on deep learning
Authors: Ma Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of things technology, the connection between things and people is realized in a real sense, and the intelligent perception, recognition, and management of goods and processes are also achieved. Cloud computing, as one of the core technologies of the Internet of Things, has been widely used in online services of various networks, but the generation of abnormal data will affect the service performance of cloud computing systems. Therefore, effective detection of abnormal data is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the system. Because of the large amount of data and nonlinear distribution in the cloud computing system, the accuracy of traditional methods is low. Based on this, this article proposes a deep learning algorithm based on recurrent neural network (RNN) to implement anomaly detection in the cloud computing system. Based on the basic principle of the RNN algorithm, this article analyses the properties and defects of the activation functions commonly used in RNN, and then improves the RNN algorithm, so as to realize the effective detection of abnormal data in cloud computing system. The simulation results show that the optimized RNN deep learning algorithm for anomaly detection in cloud computing system can effectively improve the detection success rate, effectively reduce the detection time and cost, show strong robustness, and effectively improve the online service efficiency of the Internet of things technology.
Commentary on the management of total laryngectomy patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hennessy Max , Bann Darrin V. , Patel Vijay A. , Saadi Robert , Krempl Greg A. , Deschler Daniel G. , Goyal Neerav , Choi Karen Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, placing unprecedented strain on the health care system. Health care resources including hospital beds, ICUs, as well as personal protective equipment are becoming increasingly rationed and scare commodities. In this environment, the laryngectomee (patient having previously undergone a total laryngectomy) continues to represent a unique patient with unique needs. Given their surgically altered airway, they pose a challenge to manage for the otolaryngologist within the current COVID‐19 pandemic. In this brief report, we present special considerations and best practice recommendations in the management of total laryngectomy patients. We also discuss recommendations for laryngectomy patients and minimizing community exposures.
Higher efficacy of intermediate dose cytarabine + G‐CSF compared to cyclophosphamide + G‐CSF in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Bogucka‐Fedorczuk Aleksandra , Czyz Anna , Kalicińska Elżbieta , Sawicki Mateusz , Laszkowska‐Lewko Magdalena , Wicherska‐Pawłowska Katarzyna , Rybka Justyna , Szeremet Agnieszka , Prajs Iwona , Szymczak Donata , Wróbel Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are several regimens used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization in multiple myeloma (MM). Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is one of the most commonly used agents, although it does not always result in collecting adequate number of CD34+ cells. Recently, cytarabine (Ara‐C) has been proposed as potentially efficient and safe option.AimsSince the data regarding Ara‐C in HSC mobilization is limited, the aim of our study was to compare retrospectively the efficiency and toxicity of G‐CSF combined with either Ara‐C or Cy in MM patients.Materials & MethodsOf a total of 89 patients, 43 received low or intermediate doses of Cy, and 46 were treated with 800 mg/m2/day of Ara‐C administered for two days.ResultsThe mean peak of CD34+ cells/ul in peripheral blood was 132 (range, 84‐202) in Ara‐C and 51 (range, 29‐69) in Cy cohort (p < 0.001). The median number of collected CD34+ cells (×106/kg) was 10.3 (range, 4.2‐17.9) vs 4.5 (range, 2.7‐8.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Mobilization failure was observed in one patient in Ara‐C cohort (2%) and in 8 patients treated with Cy (19%) (p = 0.013). In the Ara‐C group 98% of patients obtained more than 4×106 CD34+ cells/kg required for tandem transplantation. Moreover, we observed a trend toward increased paraprotein levels measured at transplant compared to before HSC mobilization in Ara‐C cohort and significantly higher transfusion rates in that group.ConclusionOur findings confirm higher HSC mobilization efficacy of Ara‐C compared to Cy in MM patients. However, lower transfusions rate and better disease control of Cy may justify its use in some cases.
Testing the propulsive role of m. peroneus longus during quadrupedal walking in Varanus exanthematicus
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSome varanid lizards show a prominent and highly distinctive lateral calcaneal process. It has been posited that this structure serves as a lateral “heel” to increase the moment arm for m. peroneus longus, allowing it to function as a powerful propulsive muscle. However, to confirm that m. peroneus longus serves this function requires electromyographic data showing activity during tarsal plantarflexion in the late part of the stance phase. Muscle activity patterns of m. peroneus longus, m. tibialis anterior, and mm. gastrocnemii were collected from two savannah monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) during quadrupedal walking. Across strides, m. peroneus longus shows an early onset just before hindlimb touchdown and an offset that is highly correlated with that of mm. gastrocnemii. These patterns are consistent across individuals. However, the fact that the first onset of m. peroneus longus appears to be around the end of swing phase, with activity continuing throughout the remainder of stance, suggests that this muscle likely serves other functional purposes during locomotion beside propulsion. This, paired with the fact that qualitative comparisons of m. peroneus longus activity across other lizard species reveal remarkably similar patterns, suggests the propulsive role of m. peroneus longus in V. exanthematicus was probably built upon existing muscle activity patterns present in ancestral squamates and then exaggerated through modifications to lateral calcaneal heel and the associated proximal expansion of the fifth metatarsal.
Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID‐19 epicenters
Authors: Khosrawipour Veria , Lau Hien , Khosrawipour Tanja , Kocbach Piotr , Ichii Hirohito , Bania Jacek , Mikolajczyk Agata 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith multiple virus epicenters, COVID‐19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Consequently, many countries have implemented different policies to manage this crisis including curfew and lockdown. However, the efficacy of individual policies remains unclear with respect to COVID‐19 case development. We analyzed available data on COVID‐19 cases of eight majorly affected countries, including China, Italy, Iran, Germany, France, Spain, South Korea, and Japan. Growth rates and doubling time of cases were calculated for the first 6 weeks after the initial cases were declared for each respective country and put into context with implemented policies. Although the growth rate of total confirmed COVID‐19 cases in China has decreased, those for Japan have remained constant. For European countries, the growth rate of COVID‐19 cases considerably increased during the second time interval. Interestingly, the rates for Germany, Spain, and France are the highest measured in the second interval and even surpass the numbers in Italy. Although the initial data in Asian countries are encouraging with respect to case development at the initial stage, the opposite is true for European countries. Based on our data, disease management in the 2 weeks following the first reported cases is of utmost importance.
Evaluation of antiviral therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Shanghai, China
Authors: Shi Xiudong , Lu Yang , Li Rong , Tang Yanlin , Shi Nannan , Song Fengxiang , Shan Fei , Chen Guochao , Song Pengrui , Shi Yuxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia. Patients confirmed with COVID‐19 pneumonia were enrolled and divided into seven groups according to the treatment option. Information including age, sex, and duration from illness onset to admission, clinical manifestations, and laboratory data at admission, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. The chest computed tomography (CT) imaging obtained at admission and after a 5‐day treatment cycle were assessed. The clinical symptoms and laboratory tests at discharge were also assessed. At admission, no significant differences were found among the groups, including the duration from illness onset to admission, clinical symptoms, and main laboratory results. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of the proportion of patients with pneumonia resolution (P = .151) after treatment or the length of hospital stay (P = .116). At discharge, 7 of 184 (4%) patients had a mild cough while their other symptoms had disappeared, and the proportion of patients with abnormal liver function and with increased leukocytes, neutrophils or erythrocyte sedimentation rate among the 184 patients were close to those at admission. According to the results, the inclusion of antiviral drugs in therapeutic regimens based on symptomatic treatment had no significant additional impact on the improvement in COVID‐19 patients. In addition, the results of chest CT imaging, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests at discharge were not completely consistent.
Case fatality rate analysis of Italian COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Giangreco Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Italian outbreak of COVID‐19 cases is a public health emergency and there is a worldwide tremendous interest in the evaluation of the Italian epidemic evolution. Indeed, from February 2020, Italy is facing an explosion of COVID‐19 cases. In particular, the Italian observed case fatality rate (CFR) is much higher than the other countries. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the extensive number of intergenerational contacts—typical of Italian culture—could contribute to explain the high number of deaths observed in Italy. However, through an analysis performed for all the Italian regions, here it is shown that the deaths are localized in specific regions and that the CFRs of different Italian regions are overlapping with the rates of European countries. Moreover, through correlation analyses between CFRs and different social habits, it is shown that no positive correlation is observed between social behaviors and CFRs. In conclusion, this analysis clearly rejects the possibility that social habits and intergenerational contacts can contribute to explaining such a profound effect on the number of deaths observed in Italy during the COVID‐19 outbreak and more effort should be addressed to evaluate the real amount of positive cases.
Clinical and economic impact of treated CMV infection in adult CMV‐seropositive patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Peffault De Latour Régis , Chevallier Patrice , Blaise Didier , Alami Sarah , Lévy‐Bachelot Laurie , Allavoine Thierry , Tadmouri Abir , Blomkvist Josefin , Duhamel Alain , Srour Micha , Beauvais David , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) with positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between treated CMV infection and overall mortality within 1 year after allo‐HCT in adult CMV‐seropositive Recipients (R+). Secondary objectives included overall 5‐year mortality after allo‐HCT, risk factors for treated CMV infection, associations between treated CMV infection and allo‐HCT complications and medical costs.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult CMV‐seropositive recipients (R+) who underwent to allo‐HCT between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2014.ResultsFive hundred seventy two CMV‐seropositive patients (mean age, 50.2 years) undergoing allo‐HCT between 2010 and 2014 were included; 55.9% of donors were CMV seropositive. CMV infection treated with antiviral therapy was reported in 227 patients (39.7%) after transplantation. One‐year overall mortality was significantly increased in patients with treated CMV infections (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16‐3.00; P = .011). Mean medical costs during the first post‐HCT year were higher in patients with CMV infection (€46 853 vs €31 318; P < .0001).ConclusionIn this large cohort of CMV‐seropositive patients undergoing allo‐HCT, treated CMV infection was significantly associated with an increased 1‐year risk of overall mortality, with increased length of stay and with hospitalization cost. The burden of CMV disease in allo‐HCT could be reduced in the future by appropriate prophylactic strategies.
Virological and clinical cure in COVID‐19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarma Phulen , Kaur Hardeep , Kumar Harish , Mahendru Dhruv , Avti Pramod , Bhattacharyya Anusuya , Prajapat Manisha , Shekhar Nishant , Kumar Subodh , Singh Rahul , Singh Ashutosh , Dhibar Deba Prasad , Prakash Ajay , Medhi Bikash 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFollowing the demonstration of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in vitro, many trials started to evaluate its efficacy in clinical settings. However, no systematic review and meta‐analysis have addressed the issue of the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in coronavirus disease 2019. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis with the objectives of evaluation of safety and efficacy of HCQ alone or in combination in terms of “time to clinical cure,” “virological cure,” “death or clinical worsening of disease,” “radiological progression,” and safety. RevMan was used for meta‐analysis. We searched 16 literature databases out of which seven studies (n = 1358) were included in the systematic review. In terms of clinical cure, two studies reported possible benefit in “time to body temperature normalization” and one study reported less “cough days” in the HCQ arm. Treatment with HCQ resulted in less number of cases showing the radiological progression of lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11‐0.9). No difference was observed in virological cure (OR, 2.37, 95% CI, 0.13‐44.53), death or clinical worsening of disease (OR, 1.37, 95% CI, 1.37‐21.97), and safety (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 0.59‐8.18), when compared with the control/conventional treatment. Five studies reported either the safety or efficacy of HCQ + azithromycin. Although seems safe and effective, more data are required for a definitive conclusion. HCQ seems to be promising in terms of less number of cases with radiological progression with a comparable safety profile to control/conventional treatment. We need more data to come to a definite conclusion.
Study on the Synthesis and Compounding Performance of C21 Dibasic Acid Potassium
Authors: Xu Hujun , Li Ying , Lin Liangliang , Shen Jie , Chen Xiuying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA long‐chain dibasic acid with six‐membered ring, C21 dibasic acid (C21‐DA), was synthesized with mixed fatty acid, acrylic acid as starting materials, and iodine as the catalyst and quinol as polymerization inhibitor. The product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure and characterized using mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). An anionic surfactant, C21 dibasic acid potassium (C21‐DAP), was synthesized with KOH via neutralization reaction. The synergistic effect was investigated by mixing C21‐DAP with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with 7 ethoxy groups (AEO7), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and octadecyl dimethyl betaine (BS‐18), respectively, to evaluate the surface activity. The results showed that the mixed system of C21‐DAP/DTAC possessed the best synergistic effect among all studied systems, where a minimum surface tension at the critical micelle concentration (γCMC) of 28.28 mN m−1 was obtained. Because of the electrostatic attraction between C21‐DAP and DTAC, the repulsive force between the same kind of molecules and micelle molecules in the surface adsorption layer was indirectly reduced.
Fruit quality and major metabolites in cold‐stored ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pears are differentially affected by fruit size
Authors: Lwin Hnin Phyu , Lee Jinwook 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe size of ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pear fruit may affect fruit quality and physiological disorders differentially during distribution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of fruit size on fruit physiological attributes and metabolic responses in terms of soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids in different‐sized ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pears during cold storage and shelf life.RESULTSThe rate of weight loss and the severity of fruit shriveling were higher in small fruit than in large fruit, while the severity of decay was lower during shelf life. Lightness and chroma values were lower in the cortex and core tissues of large fruit than small fruit, but hue angle values were higher in large fruit compared to small fruit. Glucose and fructose were higher in large fruit than in small fruit but sucrose and sorbitol were lower during shelf life after cold storage. The levels of most free amino acids were higher in large fruit than in small fruit, and only γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) level was lower in large fruit.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that fruit physiological and metabolic responses are differentially affected by fruit size during cold storage and shelf life. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The association between facility volume and overall survival in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Yoshida Emi J. , Luu Michael , Freeman Morganna , Essner Richard , Gharavi Nima M. , Shiao Stephen L. , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon , Hamid Omid , Ho Allen S. , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy often requiring multidisciplinary management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high‐volume facilities have improved outcomes in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma relative to lower‐volume facilities.MethodsA total of 5304 patients from the National Cancer Database with stage I‐III Merkel cell carcinoma undergoing surgery were analyzed. High‐volume facilities were the top 1% by case volume. Multivariable Cox regression and propensity score‐matching were performed to account for imbalances between groups.ResultsTreatment at high‐volume facilities (hazard ratio: 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.65‐0.84, P < .001) was independently associated with improved overall survival (OS) in multivariable analyses. In propensity score‐matched cohorts, 5‐year OS was 62.3% at high‐volume facilities vs 56.8% at lower‐volume facilities (P < .001). Median OS was 111 months at high‐volume facilities vs 79 months at lower‐volume facilities.ConclusionTreatment at high‐volume facilities is associated with improved OS in Merkel cell carcinoma. Given the impracticality of referring all elderly patients with Merkel cell carcinoma to a small number of facilities, methods to mitigate this disparity should be explored.
Simultaneous separation and determination of 20 potential adulterant antigout and antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical compounds in herbal food products using LC with electrospray ionization MS/MS and LC with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight MS
Authors: Kim Nam Sook , Moon Sun Hee , Choi Hwan Seong , Lee Ji Hyun , Park Seongsoo , Kang Hoil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn analytical method for the simultaneous and reliable determination of 20 antigout and antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical compounds in adulterated health food products was developed using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The method was validated through the determination of specificity, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, method detection limit, method quantitation limit, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability. The matrix effect was also determined. The validation results of the developed method are as follows: for solid and liquid blank samples, limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 5.00 ng/mL and limits of quantification ranged from 0.15 to 15.00 ng/mL. Linearity was acceptable, and the correlation coefficients (R2) were ≥0.99 for all target compounds. Both intra and interday precision were less than 9.16% RSD, and accuracies ranged from 95.31 to 116.68%. Mean recoveries for different types of dietary supplements classified as powders, liquids, tablets, and capsules were found to be 80.81 to 117.62% with less than 15.00% relative standard deviation. The stability of the standard mixture solution was less than 11.72% relative standard deviation after 48 h. By the proposed method, the presence of dexamethasone was determined in seized herbal food products at concentrations that ranged from 126 to 215 µg/g.
Effect of manufacturing options on signal attenuation of FPCB
Authors: Yang Wonmo , Kam Dong Gun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere have been few studies on the effects of various FPCB manufacturing options on signal attenuation. This article represents the results of an effort to understand quantitatively the attenuation impact of commonly used manufacturing options, such as film/adhesive material, pretreatment, and FCCL process. Coupons from several different product FPCB constructions were measured and compared in terms of per‐unit‐length attenuation. While it is not a comprehensive compilation, it is more extensive than previously available. These results will be helpful to make a real trade‐off between electrical performance and manufacturing concerns.