bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiological features of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) in a GRN mutation carrier: a case report
Authors: Giunta M. , Libri I. , Premi E. , Brattini C. , Paghera B. , Archetti S. , Gasparotti R. , Padovani A. , Borroni B. , Benussi A. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposePosterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative syndrome, defined by a distinctive clinical‐radiological profile, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology accounting for the majority of cases. The aim of this report was to present the case of a patient with impairment of visual and constructional abilities as initial manifestations.MethodThe patient underwent a multidimensional assessment, including neuropsychological evaluation, structural and functional imaging and genetic screening.ResultsNeurological and neuropsychological assessment showed an impairment of constructive and visuo‐spatial skills, associated with dyscalculia, simultanagnosia, optic ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. In accordance with the latest consensus criteria, a diagnosis of PCA was made. Consistent with the clinical findings, structural and functional imaging showed a peculiar pattern of atrophy with primary involvement of right parieto‐occipital cortices, whereas cerebrospinal fluid biochemical analysis did not reveal a profile compatible with AD pathology. Genetic screening identified a known pathogenic GRN mutation.ConclusionWe present a case of PCA in a GRN mutation carrier in whom a concomitant AD pathological process was excluded. Consequently, although lacking histological data, our case suggests GRN‐related pathology causative of PCA. Through this report we provide further evidence for a new neurodegenerative pathway leading to PCA, extending the clinical spectrum of GRN‐associated phenotypes.
Faecal microbiota and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of healthy foals
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Bailey Kirsten E. , Dyall‐Smith Michael , Marenda Marc S. , Hardefeldt Laura Y. , Browning Glenn F. , Gilkerson James R. , Billman‐Jacobe Helen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human and domestic animal faecal microbiota can carry various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), especially if they have been exposed to antimicrobials. However, little is known about the ARG profile of the faecal microbiota of healthy foals. A high‐throughput qPCR array was used to detect ARGs in the faecal microbiota of healthy foals.ObjectivesTo characterise the faecal microbiota and ARG profiles in healthy Australian foals aged less than 1 month.Study designObservational study.MethodsThe faecal microbiota and ARG profiles of 37 Thoroughbred foals with no known gastrointestinal disease or antimicrobial treatment were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a high‐throughput ARG qPCR array. Each foal was sampled on one occasion.ResultsFirmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the faecal microbiota. Foals aged 1‐2 weeks had significantly lower microbiota richness than older foals. Tetracycline resistance genes were the most common ARGs in the majority of foals, regardless of age. ARGs of high clinical concern were rarely detected in the faeces. The presence of ARGs was associated with the presence of class I integron genes.Main limitationsSamples were collected for a case‐control study so foals were not sampled longitudinally, and thus the development of the microbiota as individual foals aged could not be proven. The history of antimicrobial treatment of the dams was not collected and may have affected the microbiota of the foals.ConclusionThe ARGs in foal faeces varied concomitantly with age‐related microbiota shifts. The high abundance of tetracycline resistance genes was likely due to the dominance of Bacteroides spp.
The Long‐Term Effects of Cancer Treatment on Sexuality and Couple Relationships
Authors: Di Mattei Valentina Elisabetta , Perego Gaia , Taranto Paola , Mazzetti Martina , Marotta Elena , Candiani Massimo , Salvatore Stefano 
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer and its pharmacological treatment often induce an impairment in women’s sexual functioning and couple relationships, as a consequence of physiological changes and psychosocial issues that may arise and persist long after treatment. This study aims to evaluate the sexual functioning, the quality of the couple relationship, and the overall health status of breast cancer survivors. A further objective is to determine the predictive role of specific clinical and sociodemographic variables for sexual functioning and the couple relationship. Sixty‐four breast cancer survivors completed the following questionnaires: the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Short Form Health Survey‐12 (SF‐12), and a self‐report questionnaire to collect sociodemographic characteristics. Clinical information was retrieved from medical records. Compared to normative data, our sample reported significantly (p < .01) lower mean scores in the FSFI, DAS, and Physical Component (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the SF‐12. Multiple regression analyses show a significant effect of age, hormonal therapy, and psychological well‐being on sexual functioning and a significant effect of physical and mental well‐being on the quality of the couple relationship. Additionally, 75% of patients qualified for sexual dysfunction as measured by the FSFI global scale, and 71.9% declared they were not adequately informed about the side effects of treatments on sexuality. The high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors underlines the need for specific attention to this problem, starting from a complete and targeted communication between patients and health providers regarding these side effects.
A Multidimensional Perspective on Former Spouses' Ongoing Relationships: Associations With Children's Postdivorce Well‐Being
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Krejnick Samantha J. , McCray Jasmin A. , Troilo Jessica , Markham Melinda Stafford 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine which aspects of divorced parents' ongoing relationships with their former spouses were associated with children's and youth's postdivorce well‐being.BackgroundResearch on the associations between former spousal relationships and children's postdivorce well‐being has focused extensively on postdivorce coparenting, with less emphasis on other aspects of these multidimensional relationships.MethodDivorced parents (N = 641), recruited via Amazon MTurk, reported on six aspects of their relationships with their former spouses (coparenting cooperation, general communication with former spouses, boundary ambiguity, how often they talk with their former spouses, and satisfaction with custody and child support), and three indices of postdivorce child well‐being (prosocial, internalizing, and externalizing behavior).ResultsAnalyses were conducted separately for children (4‐ to 9‐years‐old) and youth (10‐ to 18‐years‐old). For children, coparenting cooperation was associated with more prosocial but less internalizing behavior; general communication and boundary ambiguity—family system were associated with greater externalizing and internalizing behavior. For youth, boundary ambiguity—family system was associated with more externalizing and internalizing behavior, boundary ambiguity—relationship with former spouse was associated with more externalizing behavior, child support satisfaction was associated with more prosocial behavior, and custody satisfaction was associated with less internalizing behavior.ConclusionFor child and youth postdivorce well‐being, some aspects of former spousal relationships appear more impactful than others, with boundary ambiguity appearing particularly detrimental.ImplicationsDivorce education programs may need to diversify their content, supplementing the common focus on postdivorce coparenting with resources that help parents reduce boundary ambiguity in the family system.
The multifaceted role of cell cycle regulators in the coordination of growth and metabolism
Authors: Huber Katharina , Mestres‐Arenas Alberto , Fajas Lluis , Leal‐Esteban Lucia C. 
Published: October 2020

Adapting to changes in nutrient availability and environmental conditions is a fundamental property of cells. This adaptation requires a multi‐directional coordination between metabolism, growth, and the cell cycle regulators (consisting of the family of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), their regulatory subunits known as cyclins, CDK inhibitors, the retinoblastoma family members, and the E2F transcription factors). Deciphering the mechanisms accountable for this coordination is crucial for understanding various patho‐physiological processes. While it is well established that metabolism and growth affect cell division, this review will focus on recent observations that demonstrate how cell cycle regulators coordinate metabolism, cell cycle progression, and growth. We will discuss how the cell cycle regulators directly regulate metabolic enzymes and pathways and summarize their involvement in the endolysosomal pathway and in the functions and dynamics of mitochondria.
Metabolic heterogeneity of human hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for personalized pharmacological treatment
Authors: Berndt Nikolaus , Eckstein Johannes , Heucke Niklas , Wuensch Tilo , Gajowski Robert , Stockmann Martin , Meierhofer David , Holzhütter Hermann‐Georg 
Published: October 2020

Metabolic reprogramming is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, but there is no unique metabolic program for all tumors. Genetic and gene expression studies have revealed heterogeneous inter‐ and intratumor patterns of metabolic enzymes and membrane transporters. The functional implications of this heterogeneity remain often elusive. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to gain a comprehensive and quantitative picture of metabolic changes in individual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used protein intensity profiles determined by mass spectrometry in samples of 10 human HCCs and the adjacent noncancerous tissue to calibrate Hepatokin1, a complex mathematical model of liver metabolism. We computed the 24‐h profile of 18 metabolic functions related to carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism. There was a general tendency among the tumors toward downregulated glucose uptake and glucose release albeit with large intertumor variability. This finding calls into question that the Warburg effect dictates the metabolic phenotype of HCC. All tumors comprised elevated β‐oxidation rates. Urea synthesis was found to be consistently downregulated but without compromising the tumor's capacity for ammonia detoxification owing to increased glutamine synthesis. The largest intertumor heterogeneity was found for the uptake and release of lactate and the size of the cellular glycogen content. In line with the observed metabolic heterogeneity, the individual HCCs differed largely in their vulnerability against pharmacological treatment with metformin. Taken together, our approach provided a comprehensive and quantitative characterization of HCC metabolism that may pave the way for a computational a priori assessment of pharmacological therapies targeting metabolic processes of HCC.
Density‐dependent effects of eastern Kamchatka pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Japanese chum salmon (O. keta) on age‐specific growth of western Alaska chum salmon
Authors: Frost Tessa J. , Yasumiishi Ellen M. , Agler Beverly A. , Adkison Milo D. , McPhee Megan V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHatcheries release >4.5 billion juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) into the North Pacific Ocean annually, raising concerns about competition with wild salmon populations. We used retrospective scale analysis to investigate how the growth of chum salmon (O. keta) from western Alaska is affected by the abundance of chum salmon from Japanese hatcheries and wild pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) from the Russian Far East. Over nearly five decades, the growth of Kuskokwim River chum salmon was negatively correlated with the abundance of Japanese hatchery chum salmon after accounting for the effects of sex and spring/summer sea‐surface temperature in the Bering Sea. An effect of wild eastern Kamchatka pink salmon abundance on the growth of Kuskokwim River salmon was detectable but modest compared to the intraspecific competitive effect. A decrease in Japanese hatchery chum salmon releases in 2011–2013 was not associated with increased growth of Bering Sea chum salmon. However, the abundance of wild chum salmon from the Russian Far East increased during that time, possibly obscuring reduced competition with hatchery chum salmon. Our results support previous evidence that chum salmon are affected by intraspecific competition, and to a lesser extent interspecific competition, in the North Pacific, underscoring that the effects of salmon hatchery production transcend national boundaries.
Germplasm evaluation of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) for alternative biomass for cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Park Heeyoung , Park Sang Un , Jang Byeong‐Kwan , Lee Jeong Jae , Chung Yong Suk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual fiber crop grown mainly in India and China. This crop is becoming a new bio‐based energy source because of its fast growth rate, excellent CO2 absorption ability, and large productivity per unit area. In this study, we evaluated 10 different cultivars of kenaf for their potential as biomass for cellulosic ethanol production. First, kenaf samples were hydrolyzed using dilute sulfuric acid, which is the most simple and cost‐effective pretreatment method. Next, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the hydrolysates were performed by wild‐type and engineered xylose‐fermenting yeast strains. The results of compositional analysis of the biomass, the hydrolysates, and the fermented products suggested that ethanol yield and productivity were significantly affected by a type of kenaf cultivars, which was not predictable based on the biomass compositions. Also, the ethanol production was maximized when the xylose fraction was utilized by engineered yeast under the control of pH to avoid acetate inhibition. Considering the sugar compositions and their fermentability, kenaf can be a promising energy‐dedicated crop for cellulosic ethanol production.
Queering space and organizing with Sara Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology
Authors: Vitry Chloé 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intended contribution of this article is to add to the growing body of work “queering” organization studies by exploring how bodies, spaces, and organizing can be “queered.” I draw on Sara Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology of 2006 to explore the relationship between bodies and the organization of space, in capitalist as well as alternative modes of organizing. Through the analysis of semi‐structured interviews with the three organizers of a queer feminist group in a British medium‐size city, I explore how we might resist capitalist and other normative spaces by queering them, and how these queered spaces open up fields of action for queerer modes of organizing. In so doing I further the critical project of Queer Theory in Management and Organization Studies to interrogate the norms that give shape to organizational spaces and processes, and the tensions that might arise when refusing their straightening effects.
Don't eat where you sleep: unexpected diversity of food web for beetles feeding on mosses
Authors: Pyszko Petr , Plášek Vítězslav , Drozd Pavel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBryophytes represent favourable habitats for many arthropods, but their utilisation as a food source is marginal. While one of the largest monophyletic groups that represent obligatory bryophyte consumers are the Byrrhidae, host ranges for species in this group of beetles remain largely unknown due to their cryptic appearance and rarity. The occasional notes of ‘associated’ moss species that do exist are related to where Byrrhidae were found and not to diet analysis. Because the majority of Byrrhidae are stenobionts with limited dispersal, the assumption that associated moss species are also used as food is a useful hypothesis.To test this hypothesis, 328 individuals were sampled from the species:Cytilus sericeus,Byrrhus fasciatus,Byrrhus pilula, andByrrhus glabratus. Mosses from both the stomachs and the immediate microhabitats of beetles were determined with the aim of (i) identifying their host range and (ii) testing whether the moss species from microhabitats in which beetles were collected were also found in their stomachs.Almost 40 bryophyte species were found in beetle stomachs and accumulation curves for all beetle species failed to achieve asymptotes, together showing that all species are highly polyphagous.Although a strong general correlation existed between moss consumption and occupation, discrepancies were present at the individual level with there being considerably higher moss species richness in beetle stomachs than in their immediate microhabitats. Our results question the assumption that bryophyte occupancy and consumption can be used interchangeably when studying host use in these insects.
Failing Institutions, Whistle‐Blowing, and the Role of the News Media
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Mokrosinska Dorota 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the normative grounds for recognising a watchdog role to the news media as concerns the dissemination of information about an institutional failure menacing a well‐ordered society. This is, for example, the case of the news media’s role in the diffusion of whistle‐blowers’ disclosures. We argue that many popular justifications for the watchdog role of the news media (as a ‘fourth estate’; a trustee of the people’s right to know; expert communicator) fail to ground that role in some unique feature that makes the news media special as concerns the performance of the role. We offer an alternative argument that shows how the watchdog role of the news media shares a justificatory ground with the role that any member of a well‐ordered society has in terms of a general duty of answerability in the face of institutional failures. Although this duty does not bear only on the news media, we concede that in some contingent circumstances, the news media might be better positioned to discharge it and, therefore, to initiate corrective actions of institutional failures effectively and conscientiously. However, the establishment of the news media’s responsibility in this sense is an empirical, not a conceptual or a normative matter.
Periodontal surgery using rhFGF‐2 with deproteinized bovine bone mineral or rhFGF‐2 alone: 2‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aoki Hideto , Bizenjima Takahiro , Seshima Fumi , Sato Masahiro , Irokawa Daisuke , Yoshikawa Kouki , Yoshida Wataru , Imamura Kentaro , Matsugami Daisuke , Kitamura Yurie , Kita Daichi , Sugito Hiroki , Tomita Sachiyo , Saito Atsushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo compare outcomes of rhFGF‐2 + DBBM therapy with rhFGF‐2 alone in the treatment of intrabony defects. This study provides 2‐year follow‐up results from the previous randomized controlled trial.Materials and MethodsDefects were randomly allocated to receive rhFGF‐2 + DBBM (test) or rhFGF‐2 (control). Treated sites were re‐evaluated at 2 years postoperatively, using original clinical and patient‐centred measures.ResultsThirty‐eight sites were available for re‐evaluation. At 2 years, both groups showed a significant improvement in clinical attachment level (CAL) from baseline. A gain in CAL of 3.4 ± 1.3 mm in the test group and 3.1 ± 1.5 mm in the control group was found. No significant inter‐group difference was noted. Both groups showed a progressive increase in radiographic bone fill (RBF). The test treatment yielded greater RBF (56%) compared with the control group (41%). The control treatment performed better in contained defects in terms of CAL and RBF. There was no significant difference in patient‐reported outcomes between groups.ConclusionsAt 2‐year follow‐up, the test and cotrol treatments were similarly effective in improving CAL, whereas the test treatment achieved a significantly greater RBF. In both treatments, favourable clinical, radiographic, and patient‐reported outcomes can be sustained for at least 2 years.Trial registrationThe University Hospital Medical Information Network‐Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN‐CTR) 000025257.
A novel method for using RNA‐seq data to identify imprinted genes in social Hymenoptera with multiply mated queens
Authors: Howe Jack , Schiøtt Morten , Li Qiye , Wang Zongji , Zhang Guojie , Boomsma Jacobus J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenomic imprinting results in parent‐of‐origin‐dependent gene expression biased towards either the maternally or paternally derived allele at the imprinted locus. The kinship theory of genomic imprinting argues that this unusual expression pattern can be a manifestation of intra‐genomic conflict between the maternally and paternally derived halves of the genome that arises because they are not equally related to the genomes of social partners. The theory thus predicts that imprinting may evolve wherever there are close interactions among asymmetrically related kin. The social Hymenoptera with permanent caste differentiation are suitable candidates for testing the kinship theory because haplodiploid sex determination creates strong relatedness asymmetries and nursing workers interact closely with kin. However, progress in the search for imprinted genes in the social Hymenoptera has been slow, in part because tests for imprinting rely on reciprocal crosses that are impossible in most species. Here, we develop a method to systematically search for imprinting in haplodiploid social insects without crosses, using instead samples of pooled individuals collected from natural colonies. We tested this protocol using data available for the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior, providing the first genome‐wide search for imprinting in any ant. Although we identified several genes as potentially imprinted, none of the four genes tested could be verified as imprinted using digital droplet PCR, highlighting the need for higher quality genomic assemblies that accurately map duplicated genes.
Neuromodulatory pathways in learning and memory: Lessons from invertebrates
Authors: Van Damme Sara , De Fruyt Nathan , Watteyne Jan , Kenis Signe , Peymen Katleen , Schoofs Liliane , Beets Isabel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn an ever‐changing environment, animals have to continuously adapt their behaviour. The ability to learn from experience is crucial for animals to increase their chances of survival. It is therefore not surprising that learning and memory evolved early in evolution and are mediated by conserved molecular mechanisms. A broad range of neuromodulators, in particular monoamines and neuropeptides, have been found to influence learning and memory, although our knowledge on their modulatory functions in learning circuits remains fragmentary. Many neuromodulatory systems are evolutionarily ancient and well‐conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we highlight general principles and mechanistic insights concerning the actions of monoamines and neuropeptides in learning circuits that have emerged from invertebrate studies. Diverse neuromodulators have been shown to influence learning and memory in invertebrates, which can have divergent or convergent actions at different spatiotemporal scales. In addition, neuromodulators can regulate learning dependent on internal and external states, such as food and social context. The strong conservation of neuromodulatory systems, the extensive toolkit and the compact learning circuits in invertebrate models make these powerful systems to further deepen our understanding of neuromodulatory pathways involved in learning and memory.