bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Prediabetes With CKD Progression and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Analysis of the CRIC Study
Authors: Neves João Sérgio , Correa Simon , Baeta Baptista Rute , Bigotte Vieira Miguel , Waikar Sushrut S , Mc Causland Finnian R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Despite our understanding of diabetes as an established risk factor for progressive kidney disease and cardiac complications, the prognostic significance of prediabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains largely unknown.

Methods
Participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) were categorized as having normoglycemia, prediabetes, or diabetes according to fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and treatment with antidiabetic drugs at baseline. Unadjusted and adjusted proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the association of prediabetes and diabetes (versus normoglycemia) with: (1) composite renal outcome (end-stage renal disease, 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate to ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, or doubling of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio to ≥ 0.22 g/g creatinine); (2) composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction or stroke); and (3) all-cause mortality.

Results
Of the 3701 individuals analyzed, 945 were normoglycemic, 847 had prediabetes and 1909 had diabetes. The median follow-up was 7.5 years. Prediabetes was not associated with the composite renal outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.32; P = 0.14), but was associated with proteinuria progression (aHR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03–1.47; P = 0.02). Prediabetes was associated with a higher risk of the composite CV outcome (aHR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05–1.82; P = 0.02) and a trend towards all-cause mortality (aHR 1.28; 95% CI, 0.99–1.66; P = 0.07). Participants with diabetes had an increased risk of the composite renal outcome, the composite CV outcome, and all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
In individuals with CKD, prediabetes was not associated with composite renal outcome, but was associated with an increased risk of proteinuria progression and adverse CV outcomes.
Semi-automated construction of patient individualised clinical target volumes for radiotherapy treatment of glioblastoma utilising diffusion tensor decomposition maps
Authors: Rahmat Roushanak , Brochu Frederic , Li Chao , Sinha Rohitashwa , Price Stephen John , Jena Raj 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly infiltrative primary brain tumour with an aggressive clinical course. Diffusion tensor imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) is a recently developed technique capable of visualising subclinical tumour spread into adjacent brain tissue. Tensor decomposition through p and q maps can be used for planning of treatment. Our objective was to develop a tool to automate the segmentation of DTI decomposed p and q maps in GBM patients in order to inform construction of radiotherapy target volumes.

Methods:
Chan-Vese level set model is applied to segment the p map using the q map as its initial starting point. The reason of choosing this model is because of the robustness of this model on either conventional MRI or only DTI. The method was applied on a data set consisting of 50 patients having their gross tumour volume delineated on their q map and Chan-Vese level set model uses these superimposed masks to incorporate the infiltrative edges.

Results:
The expansion of tumour boundary from q map to p map is clearly visible in all cases and the Dice coefficient (DC) showed a mean similarity of 74% across all 50 patients between the manually segmented ground truth p map and the level set automatic segmentation.

Conclusion:
Automated segmentation of the tumour infiltration boundary using DTI and tensor decomposition is possible using Chan-Vese level set methods to expand q map to p map. We have provided initial validation of this technique against manual contours performed by experienced clinicians.

Advances in knowledge:
This novel automated technique to generate p maps has the potential to individualise radiation treatment volumes and act as a decision support tool for the treating oncologist.
Active middle ear implantation: imaging in the pre-operative planning and post-operative assessment of the Vibrant SoundbridgeTM
Authors: Burd Christian , Pai Irumee , Connor Steve EJ 
Published: January 2020

Active middle ear implants augment sound waves and directly stimulate the middle ear structures. The most frequently utilised active middle ear implant is the Vibrant Soundbridge TM (VSB).
CT plays a vital role in appropriate patient selection and surgical planning of active middle ear implant surgery. The VSB TM offers a number of options for implant placement. The ideal location is influenced by the patient’s middle ear and mastoid anatomy as well as the type and severity of the hearing loss. CT provides important information on the surgical access to the middle ear and helps determine the most appropriate implant site by assessing the adjacent middle ear anatomy and the continuity of the ossicular chain. Post-operative active middle ear implant imaging may be indicated in the setting of poor auditory outcomes and when revision surgery is being considered so as to assess for suboptimal implant placement or migration.
This pictorial review will describe the VSB TM middle ear device and explain the role of imaging in both the pre-operative and post-operative settings.
Benchmarking a commercial proton therapy solution: The Paul Scherrer Institut experience
Authors: Rosas Sara , Belosi Francesca M , Bizzocchi Nicola , Böhlen Till , Zepter Stefan , Morach Petra , Lomax Antony J , Weber Damien C , Hrbacek Jan 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
For the past 20 years, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has treated more than 1500 patients with deep-seated tumors using PSI-Plan, an in-house developed treatment planning system (TPS) used for proton beam scanning proton therapy, in combination with its home-built gantries. The goal of the present work is to benchmark the performance of a new TPS/Gantry system for proton therapy centers which have established already a baseline standard of care.

Methods and materials:
A total of 31 cases (=52 plans) distributed around 7 anatomical sites and 12 indications were randomly selected and re-planned using Eclipse™. The resulting plans were compared with plans formerly optimized in PSI-Plan, in terms of target coverage, plan quality, organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing and number of delivered pencil beams.

Results:
Our results show an improvement on target coverage and homogeneity when using Eclipse™ while PSI-Plan showed superior plan conformity. As for OAR sparing, both TPS achieved the clinical constraints. The number of pencil beams required per plan was on average 3.4 times higher for PSI-Plan.

Conclusion:
Both systems showed a good capacity to produce satisfactory plans, with Eclipse™ being able to achieve better target coverage and plan homogeneity without compromising OARs.

Advances in knowledge:
A benchmark between a clinically tested and validated system with a commercial solution is of interest for emerging proton therapy, equipped with commercial systems and no previous experience with proton beam scanning.
Barriers and enablers to Caregivers Responsive feeding Behaviour (CRiB): A mixed method systematic review protocol
Authors: Slater Vicki , Rose Jennie , Olander Ellinor , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Redsell Sarah 
Published: January 2020

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health issue. Responsive feeding has been identified as having a protective effect against child overweight and obesity, and is associated with healthy weight gain during infancy. Responsive feeding occurs when the caregiver recognises and responds in a timely and developmentally appropriate manner to infant hunger and satiety cues. Despite its benefits, responsive feeding is not ubiquitous. To better support caregivers to engage in responsive feeding behaviours, it is necessary to first systematically identify the barriers and enablers associated with this behaviour. This mixed-methods systematic review therefore aims to synthesise evidence on barriers and enablers to responsive feeding using the COM-B model of behavioural change. Methods: 7 electronic databases will be searched (Maternal and Infant Care, CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE). Studies examining factors associated with parental responsive and non-responsive feeding of infants and children (<2 years) will be included. Papers collecting primary data, or analysing primary data through secondary analysis will be included. All titles, abstracts and full texts will be screened by two reviewers. Quantitative and qualitative data from all eligible papers will be independently extracted by at least two reviewers using pre-determined standardised data extraction forms. Two reviewers will independently assess the methodological quality of the studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). This review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this review as no primary data will be collected, and no identifying personal information will be present. The review will be disseminated in a peer reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019144570 (06/08/2019)
Ultra-low stress SiO2 coatings by ion beam sputtering deposition
Authors: Davenport Aaron , Randel Emmett , Menoni Carmen S. 
Published: January 2020

High mechanical stress can affect the performance of multilayer thin film optical coatings, causing wavefront aberrations. This is particularly important if the multilayer stack is deposited onto thin substrates, such as those used in adaptive optics. Stress in thin film coatings is dependent on the deposition process, and ion beam sputtering (IBS) thin films are known to have high compressive stress. In the present work, we show that stress in IBS

S
i
O

2

thin films can be reduced from 490 MPa to 48 MPa using high-energy

O

2

assist ion bombardment during deposition while maintaining high optical quality. A comparison of the reduction of stress in

S
i
O

2

deposited from oxide and metal targets is provided.
Subvolt electro-optical modulator on thin-film lithium niobate and silicon nitride hybrid platform
Authors: Ahmed Abu Naim R. , Nelan Sean , Shi Shouyuan , Yao Peng , Mercante Andrew , Prather Dennis W. 
Published: January 2020

A low voltage operation electro-optic modulator is critical for applications ranging from optical communications to an analog photonic link. This paper reports a hybrid silicon nitride and lithium niobate electro-optic Mach–Zehnder modulator that employs 3 dB multimode interference couplers for splitting and combining light. The presented amplitude modulator with an interaction region length of 2.4 cm demonstrates a DC half-wave voltage of only 0.875 V, which corresponds to a modulation efficiency per unit length of 2.11 V cm. The power extinction ratio of the fabricated device is approximately 30 dB, and the on-chip optical loss is about 5.4 dB.
Laser cooling in a silica optical fiber at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Knall Jennifer , Vigneron Pierre-Baptiste , Engholm Magnus , Dragic Peter D. , Yu Nanjie , Ballato John , Bernier Martin , Digonnet Michel J. F. 
Published: January 2020

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, laser cooling is reported in a silica optical fiber. The fiber has a 21-µm diameter core doped with 2.06 wt.%

Y
b

3
+

and co-doped with

A
l

2

O

3

and

F

−

to increase the critical quenching concentration by a factor of 16 over the largest reported values for the Yb-doped silica. Using a custom slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor, temperature changes up to

−

50

m
K

were measured with 0.33 W/m of absorbed pump power per unit length at 1040 nm. The measured dependencies of the temperature change on the pump power and the pump wavelength are in excellent agreement with predictions from an existing model, and they reflect the fiber’s groundbreaking quality for the radiation-balanced fiber lasers.
CMOS-compatible all-optical modulator based on the saturable absorption of graphene
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Ningning , Chang Limin , Zhou Chaobiao , Li Shiyu , Deng Meng , Li Zhenwei , Liu Qiang , Zhang Chi , Li Zhiyong , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2020

Graphene resting on a silicon-on-insulator platform offers great potential for optoelectronic devices. In the paper, we demonstrate all-optical modulation on the graphene–silicon hybrid waveguides (GSHWs) with tens of micrometers in length. Owing to strong interaction between graphene and silicon strip waveguides with compact light confinement, the modulation depth reaches 22.7% with a saturation threshold down to 1.38 pJ per pulse and a 30-μm-long graphene pad. A response time of 1.65 ps is verified by a pump–probe measurement with an energy consumption of 2.1 pJ. The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatible GSHWs with the strip configuration exhibit great potential for ultrafast and broadband all-optical modulation, indicating that employing two-dimensional materials has become a complementary technology to promote the silicon photonic platform.
SERS study on the synergistic effects of electric field enhancement and charge transfer in an Ag2S quantum dots/plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna composite system
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhao Chen , Lu Huanyu , Zou Tingting , Singh Subhash C. , Yu Zhi , Yao Chaonan , Zheng Xin , Xing Jun , Zou Yuting , Tong Cunzhu , Yu Weili , Zhao Bo , Guo Chunlei 
Published: January 2020

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanostructures and the interfacial charge transfer (CT) of semiconductor materials play essential roles in the study of optical and photoelectronic properties. In this paper, a composite substrate of

Ag

2

S

quantum dots (QDs) coated plasmonic Au bowtie nanoantenna (BNA) arrays with a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) configuration was built to study the synergistic effect of LSPR and interfacial CT using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The Au BNA array structure with a large enhancement of the localized electric field (E-field) strongly enhanced the Raman signal of adsorbed p-aminothiophenol (PATP) probe molecules. Meanwhile, the broad enhanced spectral region was achieved owing to the coupling of LSPR. The as-prepared Au BNA array structure facilitated enhancements of the excitation as well as the emission of Raman signal simultaneously, which was established by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Moreover,

Ag

2

S

semiconductor QDs were introduced into the BNA/PATP system to further enhance Raman signals, which benefited from the interfacial CT resonance in the

BNA
/

Ag

2

S
-
QDs
/
PATP

system. As a result, the Raman signals of PATP in the

BNA
/

Ag

2

S
-
QDs
/
PATP

system were strongly enhanced under 785 nm laser excitation due to the synergistic effect of E-field enhancement and interfacial CT. Furthermore, the SERS polarization dependence effects of the

BNA
/

Ag

2

S
-
QDs
/
PATP

system were also investigated. The SERS spectra indicated that the polarization dependence of the substrate increased with decreasing polarization angles

(

θ

pola

)

of excitation from p-polarized

(

θ

pola

=
90
°
)

excitation to s-polarized

(

θ

pola

=
0
°
)

excitation. This study provides a strategy using the synergistic effect of interfacial CT and E-field enhancement for SERS applications and provides a guidance for the development of SERS study on semiconductor QD-based plasmonic substrates, and can be further extended to other material-nanostructure systems for various optoelectronic and sensing applications.
Reflexiones en torno a la formación de un organismo asociativo que acoja y represente al colectivo de trabajadoras culturales
Authors: Zorita Agirre Itziar 
Published: January 2020

Existen múltiples asociaciones conformadas por artistas y trabajadoras culturales cuya misión es principalmente aunar esfuerzos para defender y reivindicar mejoras desde el punto de vista laboral, político, social y existencial. Sin embargo, siguen siendo pocas las trabajadoras culturales que se afilian a algún tipo de organismo estructurado y formal. Frente a esta realidad, ejemplos como la comunidad de InsultARTe, ofrecen alternativas complementarias para el encuentro entre profesionales de la cultura. Se trata de otro tipo de colectividad de carácter más informal que se establece en espacios digitales, desde los márgenes y en condiciones de una mayor precariedad en cuestión de recursos, visibilidad y capacidad de instaurarse como sujeto interlocutor social. El caso de InsultARTe plantea el debate sobre qué tipo de organización se podría crear, cuáles son los perfiles que conforman esa posible asociación o sobre cuál debería ser su funcionamiento y modelo organizacional.
Sororidad en los procesos de resistencia a las prácticas artísticas precarias
Authors: García Estrada Angélica 
Published: January 2020

La mayor parte de las prácticas artísticas en México son precarias, donde se gestan diversos procesos de resistencia. El presente artículo tiene como objetivos dar cuenta de las estrategias de resistencia que las artistas crean, de qué maneras inciden en los cuerpos y qué procesos afectivos se generan. Se realizó una etnografía a un grupo de mujeres artistas visuales de 32 a 42 años, donde se encontró que el trabajo colectivo es utilizado como una forma de resistencia, destacando en la dimensión emocional una sororidad que provee de un sentido de pertenencia, identidad, empatía y empoderamiento; y en los procesos de resistencia la imaginación, la creación y la transformación. Todos estos elementos son fuertemente influenciados por la postura feminista que tiene el grupo y han contribuido a que ellas generen otras resistencias, resistencias colectivas, resistencias sororas.
Low Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-Positive Peptic Ulcers in Private Outpatient Endoscopy Centers in the United States
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon , Turner Kevin O. , Genta Robert M. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
During the past decades, the prevalence of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as Helicobacter pylori infection, has markedly declined. We hypothesized that the decline in H. pylori prevalence has decreased the fraction of H. pylori-positive gastric and duodenal ulcers. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in a large US population undergoing esophagogastro-duodenoscopy in community-based endoscopy centers.

METHODS:
The Inform Diagnostics database is a national electronic repository of histopathologic records of patients distributed throughout the United States. A cross-sectional study among 1,289,641 individual esophagogastro-duodenoscopy patients analyzed the prevalence of peptic ulcers stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, H. pylori status, year of diagnosis, and ulcer type. The joint influence of multiple predictor variables on the occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Between 2009 and 2018, the general prevalence of H. pylori infection fell significantly from 11% to 9%. This decline was accompanied by a similar decline in the fraction of H. pylori-positive gastric ulcers from 17% to 14% and H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcers from 25% to 21%. Nowadays, only 17% of all patients with ulcer harbor H. pylori. The fraction of H. pylori-positive ulcers was significantly greater in duodenal than in gastric ulcers and in male than in female patients with ulcer. The prevalence of H. pylori was 2.6-fold higher among Hispanics and 3.2-fold higher among East Asians compared with the general population. The H. pylori prevalence fell from 24% to 22% among Hispanics and from 21% to 15% among East Asians. In East Asians and Hispanics, the fraction of H. pylori-positive gastric ulcers was 37% and 35%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

H. pylori infection continues to fall in the general population. Nowadays, even among patients with ulcer only a small minority harbors H. pylori infection.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAN FERMENTASI TEPUNG KULIT BUAH KAKAO ( Theobroma cacao L.) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS ( Cyprinus carpio.)
Authors: Seravina Seravina , Subandiyono Subandiyono , Sudaryono Agung 
Published: January 2020

Cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) is waste or by-products of agro-industry that was produced from cacao plants. The nutritional content of cacao pod husk consisted of 9,15% protein, 1,96 % lipid, 25,64 % crude fiber, 10,39% ash, and 52,86% nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Crude fiber from cacao pod husk was difficult to be digested by fish. The solution for that constraint was by applying fermentation proccess. This experiment was aimed to observe the influence of cacao pod husk flour which has been fermented first before added into the practical diets, on the feed efficiency and growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). The trial fish used were carp (C. carpio) with an initial average body weight of 6,54 ± 0,07 g/fish. Feeding frequency applied was twice a day, i.e. at 08.00 a.m and 16.00 p.m. and by appliying an at satiation method. The fishes were cultured for 42 days with the stocking density of 1 fish/ 2L. The experimental method used was completely randomize design (RCD) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment of A, B, C, and D were the trial diets with the concentration of cacao pod husk flour of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. The data measured were feed consumption, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), growth (G), spesific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR). The data showed that the use of fermented cacao pod husk flour in the diets resulted significant by effects (P<0,05) on the feed consumption, FE, PER,G, SGR, and SR. Treatment C resulted on the values of feed consumption i.e. 190.1±2.98g, FE i.e. 88.19±8.09%, PER i.e. 2.66±0.24%, G i.e. 7,26±0,11, SGR i.e. 1.68±0.13%, and SR i.e. 96,00±4,00%. The water quality parameters during this observe were varied between suitable range for fish life. It was concluded that the diet containing 20% of fermented cacao pod husk flour resulted on better feed efficency and growth of the carp.