bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tokens or Stakeholders in Global Migration Governance? The Role of Affected Communities and Civil Society in the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees
Authors: Rother Stefan , Steinhilper Elias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFocussing on the inclusion of those primarily affected as stakeholders (refugees and other migrants), this article addresses a key ambition of the compacts themselves. We employ an ‘inside‐outside’ perspective and firstly ask: which groups participated in the consultative processes, what agenda did they set ‘inside’ the meetings, what alliances did they establish and how did they influence the outcomes? Secondly, we investigate what kind of advocacy took place ‘outside’ of these formalized spaces and what impact it had? By this, we not only contribute to an evaluation of the processes themselves, but also advance current academic debates on strategies, spaces and political opportunity structures for civil society and particularly migrant involvement in global migration governance from below and the larger debate on democratizing global institutions.
Investigating palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Freeman Laurie A. , Pfaff Kathryn A. , Kopchek Lauren , Liebman Jordyn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional study design.MethodsA mailed letter recruited participants with data collection occurring on a secure online survey platform between November 2017‐February 2018. Data analyses included descriptive and bivariate statistics and stepwise linear regression.ResultsPalliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying were explained by perceived expertise in the social domain of palliative care, personal importance of religion/faith, professional importance of religion/faith, and nursing designation.ConclusionThis study reveals the perceived importance of religion, versus religious affiliation alone, as significant in influencing provider attitudes towards assisted dying. Further research is needed to understand differences in attitudes between Registered Nurses and Registered Practical Nurses and how the social domain of palliative care influences nurse attitude.ImpactOrganizations must prioritize nursing input, encourage open interprofessional dialogue and provide support for ethical decision‐making, practice decisions, and conscientious objection surrounding medical assistance in dying. Longitudinal nursing studies are needed to understand the impact of legislation on quality and person‐centred end‐of‐life care and the emotional well‐being/retention of palliative care nurses.
Enhancing social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of original empirical studies
Authors: Louw Julia S. , Kirkpatrick Bernadette , Leader Geraldine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocial inclusion is regarded as an important determinant of health, particularly for young adults with intellectual disabilities. However, only a limited number of reviews report on the findings of original empirical studies on social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities. This review provides a succinct synopsis of original empirical studies on social inclusion among young adults with intellectual disabilities for the period between January 2013 and January 2019.MethodsStudies were drawn from three electronic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed and PsycINFO. In addition, hand searches were carried out in several international journals focusing on intellectual disability research. The review included both qualitative and quantitative studies. In all, 24 key studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The Methodological Quality Checklist developed by Downs and Black (Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 1998, 52, 377) was used to independently assess study quality, and the Cochrane Collaboration Intervention Clinical Appraisal Form was used to extract data and outcome measures for each study.ResultsAmong the key findings, structured and organized social inclusion interventions were reported to create better opportunities to engage in social interactions and improve social skills. Moreover, evaluating outcomes on the two core quality‐of‐life domains, that of interpersonal relationships and community participation, were reported to facilitate positive outcomes for social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionThere is a need to do an in‐depth exploration of the potential impact of facilitators that promote social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities, by conducting rigorous empirical investigations.
Toll‐like receptor 4 regulates spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis by up‐regulating IL‐6 and GM‐CSF
Authors: Shi Yun‐Jie , Zhao Quan‐Quan , Liu Xiao‐Shuang , Dong Su‐He , E Ji‐Fu , Li Xu , Liu Cong , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammation is as an important component of intestinal tumorigenesis. The activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling promotes inflammation in colitis of mice, but the role of TLR4 in intestinal tumorigenesis is not yet clear. About 80%–90% of colorectal tumours contain inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) tumour suppressor, and intestinal adenoma carcinogenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is also closely related to the germline mutations in Apc. The ApcMin/+ (multiple intestinal neoplasia) model mouse is a well‐utilized model of FAP, an inherited form of intestinal cancer. In this study, ApcMin/+ intestinal adenoma mice were generated on TLR4‐sufficient and TLR4‐deficient backgrounds to investigate the carcinogenic effect of TLR4 in mouse gut by comparing mice survival, peripheral blood cells, bone marrow haematopoietic precursor cells and numbers of polyps in the guts of ApcMin/+ WT and ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice. The results revealed that TLR4 had a critical role in promoting spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Significant differential genes were screened out by the high‐throughput RNA‐Seq method. After combining these results with KEGG enrichment data, it was determined that TLR4 might promote intestinal tumorigenesis by activating cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction and pathways in cancer signalling pathways. After a series of validation experiments for the concerned genes, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF (CSF2), IL11, CCL3, S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly decreased in gut tumours of ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice compared with ApcMin/+ WT mice. In the functional study of core down‐regulation factors, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF, IL11, CCL3 and S100A8/9 increased the viability of colon cancer cell lines and decreased the apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells with irradiation and chemical treatment.
Glucose‐fructose‐glycine time–temperature integrator and its potential application in heating process control of food softness
Authors: Choachamnan Jinnipar , Boonsupthip Waraporn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the nonenzymatic browning (NEB) color development characteristics of glucose‐fructose‐glycine solutions for their potential as a colored time–temperature integrator (TTI) function for indicating pumpkin softness during steaming. The solutions with different substrate concentrations and incubated temperature values showed the same pattern of browning development. The pattern was visually distinguished into three different consecutive zones, colorless to yellow, yellow to dark brown and constant dark brown. These zones were well represented (R2 ≥ .975) by the s‐curve kinetics of % unaccomplished transmittance by the natural logarithmic function and modified Gompertz models. The Arrhenius equation (Ea 90.1–118.7 kJ/mol, R2 ≥ .9285) described the temperature dependence of kinetic parameters. A method to generate a NEB‐TTI conceptual framework of time–temperature applicable range was described to represent the three color zones. The framework functions as a guideline to design a NEB‐TTI system for a food attribute with the same time–temperature range and Ea of interest. Pumpkin softness change was modeled (modified Michaelis–Menten and Arrhenius equations; Ea 97.25 kJ/mol, R2 = .9994). A glucose‐fructose‐glycine TTI tag prototype well represented pumpkin softness during steaming. It is promising for a sugar‐amino acid system as a colored TTI to represent historical food quality change during heating.Practical ApplicationsThis work provided an approach to develop colored TTIs from a nonenzymatic browning reaction which is beneficial as the reactive substrates are stable, cheap, and can be stored at room temperature. The % unaccomplished transmittance parameter was proposed as well representing the browning color change in time in the s‐curved manner and corresponding to the three different color changing zones. This parameter is more practical for TTI color interpretation for specific uses. Suitable mathematical models to describe the color change characteristics of glucose‐fructose‐glycine TTI and softness of pumpkin were described and are possibly applicable to other NEB‐TTI and food types. A conceptual framework of NEB‐TTIs was proposed to facilitate food‐TTI matching. This work also showed that without sample destruction, food softness change in response to time–temperature history during steaming can be monitored and managed through the gradient colors of the NEB TTI tag. Controlling food quality and safety during heating using colored TTIs as a nondestructive approach is potentially possible.Highlights
Variation of NEB color in three different phases is useful for colored TTI development. A new, meaningful parameter, the % unaccomplished transmittance, was proposed to represent TTI color change pattern.
A conceptual framework was proposed to facilitate food‐TTI matching.
NEB‐TTI is potentially useful for nondestructive & real‐time monitoring of food quality during heating
Effect of 100 kPa O2 pretreatments time on physiology and quality of vacuum packed and coated fresh‐cut apples
Authors: Jia Xiaoyu , Du Meijun , Pan Yanfang , Li Xihong , Song Jianxin , Leng Juncai , Chen Lan , Leng Chuanzhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research used different 100 kPa O2 pretreatments time (0, 2, 4, and 6 hr) to investigate their effects on qualities of fresh‐cut “Red Fuji” apples during cold storage. Fresh‐cut apples were dipped in acid solution (composed of 1.53% ascorbic acid, 1.10% citric acid, and 0.51% CaCl2) for 15 min and 5 g/L carboxymethylcellulose sodium edible coating (composed of 0.5% CMC, 0.01% Natamycin, and 0.015% Nisin) for 5 min. Then the slices were exposed to 100 kPa O2 for different time before being vacuumed in polyethylene bags. The results showed that pretreatment with 100 kPa O2 inhibited the surface browning, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde. Moreover, 100 kPa O2 pretreatment for 4 hr was more effective than other pretreatments time. Intact tissue structure and fewest molds and yeast count during 90 days of storage were also observed in pretreated for 4 hr samples during storage.
Men's Economic Dependency, Gender Ideology, and Stress at Midlife
Authors: Kim Joeun , Luke Nancy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the association between men's economic dependency during midlife and allostatic load, an indicator of chronic stress, and how this relationship varies with men's gender ideology.BackgroundWomen are primary breadwinners in almost a third of heterosexual couples in the United States. Emerging research finds that female primary breadwinning (or men's economic dependency) is a threat to masculinity that has negative implications for men's midlife health. However, there is no quantitative evidence of the mechanisms linking men's economic dependency and health, particularly the role of stress, and whether men's gender ideology moderates this relationship.MethodUsing two waves of Midlife in the United States data for men who remained with the same marital or cohabiting female partner between waves (N = 332), the authors estimate the relationship between men's economic dependency in Wave 1 and allostatic load in Wave 2.ResultsThere was no evidence of an association between men's economic dependency and higher allostatic load on average. However, gender ideology had a moderating influence; men's economic dependency was associated with higher allostatic load for those who espoused more traditional gender attitudes and lower allostatic load for those with the most egalitarian attitudes.ConclusionThe findings underscore the existence of multiple masculinities and suggest that economic dependence has a negative or positive influence on men's health depending on the meanings men attach to female primary breadwinning.
Clinical, metabolic, and genetic characterization of hereditary methemoglobinemia caused by cytochrome b5reductase deficiency in cats
Authors: Jaffey Jared A. , Reading N. Scott , Giger Urs , Abdulmalik Osheiza , Buckley Ruben M. , Johnstone Sophie , Lyons Leslie A. ,   the 99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo non‐pedigreed male castrated cats had persistent cyanosis over a 3‐year observation period. Clinical cardiopulmonary evaluations did not reveal abnormalities, but the blood remained dark after exposure to air. Erythrocytic methemoglobin concentrations were high (~40% of hemoglobin) and cytochrome b5reductase (CYB5R) activities in erythrocytes were low (≤15% of control). One cat remained intolerant of exertion, and the other cat developed anemia and died due to an unidentified comorbidity. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a homozygous c.625G>A missense variant (B4:137967506) and a c.232‐1G>C splice acceptor variant (B4:137970815) inCYB5R3, respectively, which were absent in 193 unaffected additional cats. The p.Gly209Ser missense variant likely disrupts a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐binding domain, while the splicing error occurs at the acceptor site for exon 4, which likely affects downstream translation of the protein. The 2 novelCYB5R3variants were associated with methemoglobinemia using clinical, biochemical, genomics, and in silico protein studies. The variant prevalence is unknown in the cat population.
Comparison of the prognostic value of inflammation‐based scores in early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Wang Chenwei , He Wei , Yuan Yichuan , Zhang Yuanping , Li Kai , Zou Ruhai , Liao Yadi , Liu Wenwu , Yang Zhiwen , Zuo Dinglan , Qiu Jiliang , Zheng Yun , Li Binkui , Yuan Yunfei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsInflammation‐based prognostic scores, such as the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Prognostic Index (PI), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), are correlated with the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, while remain unclear for recurrent HCC. This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of inflammation‐based prognostic scores for post‐recurrence survival (PRS) in patients with early recurrent HCC (ErHCC, within 2 years after hepatectomy).MethodsA total of 580 patients with ErHCC were enrolled retrospectively. The association between the independent baseline and the time‐dependent variables and PRS was evaluated by cox regression. The prediction accuracy of the inflammation‐based prognostic scores was assessed by time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) analyses.ResultsThe GPS, mGPS, PI, PNI, NLR, PLR, LMR and SII were all related to the PRS of ErHCC patients, while only the SII (P < .001) remained an independent predictor for PRS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.33‐2.79). Both the C‐index of the SII (0.65) and the areas under the ROC curves showed that the SII score was superior to the other inflammation‐based prognostic scores for predicting the PRS of ErHCC patients.ConclusionsThe SII is a useful prognostic indicator for PRS in patients with ErHCC after hepatectomy and is superior to the other inflammation‐based prognostic scores in terms of prognostic ability.
What is a Thing?
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Thing” in the titular question of this paper should be construed as having the utmost generality. In the relevant sense, athingjust is anentity, anexistent, abeing. The present task is to say what a thingof any categoryis. This task is the primary one of any comprehensive and systematic metaphysics. Indeed, an answer provides the means for resolving perennial disputes concerning theintegrityof the structure in reality—whether some of the relations among things arenecessarymerely given those relata themselves—and theintricacyof this structure—whether some things are more or lessfundamentalthan others. After considering some reasons for thinking the generality of the titular question makes it unanswerable, the paper propounds the methodology,original inquiry, required to answer it. The key to this methodology is adopting a singular perspective; confronting the world as merely theimpetus to inquiry, one can attain an account of what a thing must be.Radical ontologyis a systematic metaphysics—broadly Aristotelian, essentialist, and nonhierarchical—that develops the consequences of this account. With it, it is possible to move past stalemate in metaphysics by revealing the grounds of a principled choice between seemingly incommensurable worldviews.
Individual Differences in L2 Speech Perception: The Role of Phonological Memory and Lipreading Ability
Authors: INCEOGLU SOLENE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current study investigated the effects of individual differences in lipreading ability, working memory (WM), and phonological short‐term memory (PSTM) on second language (L2) speech perception. An L2 French vowel identification task was administered to 32 Australian English learners of French in audiovisual, audio‐only, and visual‐only conditions. Participants also completed tasks measuring their first language (L1) lipreading ability at the phoneme, word, and sentence level; a listening span task assessing their WM capacity; and a nonword repetition task assessing their PSTM. Overall, speech perception was significantly better in the audiovisual and audio‐only conditions, and large individual variability was observed in the lipreading, WM, and PSTM tasks. Results revealed a significant effect of PSTM on vowel perception scores in all modalities of presentation, but no effect of WM capacity was found. In addition, lipreading ability at the word level was found to be a predictor of accurate L2 vowel perception in the visual modality.
Students of history, masters of tradition: Josse Clichtove, Noël Beda and the limits of historical criticism1
Authors: Kennerley Sam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKennerley investigates the relationship between tradition and historical criticism in France during the earliest years of the Reformation. Its key sources are two polemics between Josse Clichtove (1472–1543) and Noël Beda (c. 1470–1537) over the cult of Mary Magdalene and the Exultet hymn. A student of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, Clichtove enunciated modern‐sounding criticisms of received traditions. His opponent Beda is instead famous for his scholastic defences of inherited doctrine against humanists like Clichtove and Erasmus. Drawing on an in‐depth reading of Clichtove and Beda's tracts, this essay will contextualize the clashes between these two scholars and analyse their respective methods and conclusions. While demonstrating the sophistication of Clichtove's historical thought and Beda's own surprising skill as a historian, this essay will contend that the central issue of these polemics was not history, but whether tradition was a legitimate subject for historical criticism. It will conclude by considering the implications of these polemics for the study of sacred history in the Reformation, as shown in the change of Clichtove's method after his conflict with Beda.
Autophagy is required for performance adaptive response to resistance training and exercise‐induced adult neurogenesis
Authors: Codina‐Martínez Helena , Fernández‐García Benjamín , Díez‐Planelles Carlos , Fernández Álvaro F. , Higarza Sara G. , Fernández‐Sanjurjo Manuel , Díez‐Robles Sergio , Iglesias‐Gutiérrez Eduardo , Tomás‐Zapico Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Endurance training promotes exercise‐induced adaptations in brain, like hippocampal adult neurogenesis and autophagy induction. However, resistance training effect on the autophagy response in the brain has not been much explored. Questions such as whether partial systemic autophagy or the length of training intervention affect this response deserve further attention. Therefore, 8‐week‐old male wild‐type (Wt; n = 36) and systemic autophagy‐deficient (atg4b−/−, KO; n = 36) mice were randomly distributed in three training groups, resistance (R), endurance (E), and control (non‐trained), and in two training periods, 2 or 14 weeks. R and E maximal tests were evaluated before and after the training period. Forty‐eight hours after the end of training program, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum were extracted for the analysis of autophagy proteins (LC3B‐I, LC3B‐II, and p62). Additionally, hippocampal adult neurogenesis was determined by doublecortin‐positive cells count (DCX+) in brain sections. Our results show that, in contrast to Wt, KO were unable to improve R after both trainings. Autophagy levels in brain areas may be modified by E training only in cerebral cortex of Wt trained for 14 weeks, and in KO trained for 2 weeks. DCX + in Wt increased in R and E after both periods of training, with R for 14 weeks more effective than E. Interestingly, no changes in DCX + were observed in KO after 2 weeks, being even undetectable after 14 weeks of intervention. Thus, autophagy is crucial for R performance and for exercise‐induced adult neurogenesis.
Integrated regulation of the phosphatidylinositol cycle and phosphoinositide‐driven lipid transport at ER‐PM contact sites
Authors: Pemberton Joshua G. , Kim Yeun Ju , Balla Tamas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmong the structural phospholipids that form the bulk of eukaryotic cell membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the common precursor for low‐abundance regulatory lipids, collectively referred to as polyphosphoinositides (PPIn). The metabolic turnover of PPIn species has received immense attention because of the essential functions of these lipids as universal regulators of membrane biology and their dysregulation in numerous human pathologies. The diverse functions of PPIn lipids occur, in part, by orchestrating the spatial organization and conformational dynamics of peripheral or integral membrane proteins within defined subcellular compartments. The emerging role of stable contact sites between adjacent membranes as specialized platforms for the coordinate control of ion exchange, cytoskeletal dynamics, and lipid transport has also revealed important new roles for PPIn species. In this review, we highlight the importance of membrane contact sites formed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) for the integrated regulation of PPIn metabolism within the PM. Special emphasis will be placed on non‐vesicular lipid transport during control of the PtdIns biosynthetic cycle as well as toward balancing the turnover of the signaling PPIn species that define PM identity.