bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adopting Activity – Based Costing (ABC) on Maximizing Profitability in Jordanian Private Health Care Sector
Authors: El-Dalahmeh Suleiman 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of adopting activity - based costing (ABC) On maximizing profitability in Jordanian private health care sector. Stating the role of (ABC) system in maximizing profitability in Jordanian private hospitals, showing the availability of infrastructure and capabilities of needed to adopt and apply the (ABC) in Jordanian private hospitals To achieve the Study objectives, the researcher distributed (110) of the employees in Jordanian private hospitals, to identifying the obstacles that facing Jordanian private hospitals in adopting and applying (ABC) system. to achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to survey sample of 110 respondents who worked in Jordanian private hospitals as accountants, financial managers and internal editors. (90) questionnaires were returned and the response rate of which was (81.8%). After using the statistical analysis program "Statistical package for social studies" (SPSS). The study concluded that adopting and applying (ABC) system in Jordanian private hospitals play very important role in reducing cost in a way that maximizing profitability the results also, reveal that the infrastructure and capabilities needed to apply the (ABC) system are available in the Jordanian private hospitals in a medium degree. In addition, the results of the study showed there are a set of obstacles that facing the adoption and application (ABC) system in Jordanian private hospitals related to management, salaries and difficulty in allocating treatment costs to direct and indirect costs. The study recommended attracted qualified and trained persons who can apply (ABC) system and connivance the management of Jordanian private hospitals of the visibility of apply (ABC) system.
Halanonchus scintillatulus sp. nov. from New Zealand and a review of the suborder Trefusiina (Nematoda: Enoplida)
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Zhao Zeng Qi , Sinniger Frederic 
Published: June 2020

We provide a review of the enoplid suborder Trefusiina Siddiqi, 1983, based on morphological considerations and analyses of new and published 18S rDNA sequences. We also describe Halanonchus scintillatulus Leduc sp. nov. from the Hauraki Gulf, northern New Zealand, as well as females of Trefusialaimus idrisi Leduc, 2013 from the continental slope of New Zealand. We show for the first time that the structure of the female reproductive system of Trefusialaimus Riemann, 1974 consists of two opposed and outstretched ovaries, an unusual feature for the Enoplida. The Trefusiina did not form a monophyletic group in the 18S rDNA phylogeny due to the placement of Lauratonema Gerlach, 1953 and Trefusialaimus sequences well away from the main Trefusiina clade. However, due to generally weak Maximum Likelihood support values, we refrain from changing the classification of these taxa until more comprehensive analyses can be conducted. Our phylogenetic analysis supports the inclusion of the Trischistomatidae Andrássy, 2007 within the Trefusiina, meaning that all of the enoplid suborders now include at least some terrestrial/freshwater representatives. The Trefusiina currently comprises five families, 14 genera and 92 valid species.
Déterminants des volumes d’eau potable utilisés en milieu rural dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé au Bénin
Authors: Cocker Fêmi , Vodounou Jean-Bosco Kpatindé , Yabi Jacob Afouda 
Published: June 2020

La présente étude vise la caractérisation de la quantité d’eau potable prélevée par les ménages de la basse vallée de l’Ouémé au Bénin. Pour identifier les déterminants de cette quantité d’eau utilisée, des régressions logistiques simple et multiple ont été réalisées. Les logiciels SPSS 23 et XLSTAT ont servi à ces différentes analyses. Les données de cette étude ont été collectées dans 175 ménages. Les résultats révèlent que la quantité d’eau potable utilisée dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé pour les besoins domestiques est de 34 ± 12 L∙d-1 par habitant. Cette quantité d’eau varie cependant en fonction du cadre géographique et des facteurs tels que la disponibilité de points d’eau potable, la distance à la source et la saison. Ainsi, la quantité d’eau prélevée dans les communes d’Adjohoun (39 ± 14 L∙d-1 par habitant) et Dangbo (36 ± 12 L∙d-1 par habitant) est supérieure à la moyenne de l’étude. Par contre, celles de Bonou (34 ± 12 L∙d-1 par habitant), Sô-Ava (32 ± 12 L∙d-1 par habitant) et Aguégués (27 ± 10 L∙d-1 par habitant) sont inférieures à la moyenne. La non-disponibilité de points d’eau potable (rapport de cote ajusté [RCA] = 0,05 [0,01-0,29], p &lt; 0,01), la saison pluvieuse (RCA = 0,17 [0,04-0,76], p &lt; 0,05), ainsi que des distances supérieures à 300 m (RCA = 0,13 [0,02-0,7], p &lt; 0,05) prédisent un risque de consommation d’un volume d’eau inférieure à 20 L∙d-1 par habitant.
Étude des biofilms bactériens isolés à partir du système de distribution d’eau potable dans la région sud-est de l’Algérie
Authors: Lamache Amina , Doghri Ibtissem , Jacques Mario , Boudjenah-Haroun Saliha 
Published: June 2020

Cette étude vise à déterminer l'influence des caractéristiques des sources des forages et des matériaux utilisés dans les systèmes de distribution d’eau potable sur le développement de biofilms dans les conduites de la région d’Ouargla (Algérie). Nos échantillons ont été sélectionnés en fonction de la nappe, du matériau et de l’âge des conduites alimentant la région. Pour la réalisation de nos expériences, nous avons prélevé mécaniquement 27 échantillons de biofilms dans plusieurs conduites de distribution fabriquées à base de différents types de matériaux : cuivre, polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) et polyéthylène haute densité (PEHD), et à partir de différentes nappes (albienne, sénonienne et miopliocène). Plusieurs souches bactériennes ont été identifiées grâce à l’utilisation de la technologie de spectrométrie de masse à désorption-ionisation laser assistée par matrice avec analyseur de temps de vol (MALDI-TOF). Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les conduites en cuivre semblent être défavorables à la colonisation bactérienne tandis qu’une grande variété d’espèces bactériennes a été retrouvée sur les matériaux en PVC et en PEHD. La capacité des souches isolées à former des biofilms a également été étudiée in vitro. La majorité des souches isolées, cultivées en biofilm simple et mixte, ont montré une forte capacité à former des biofilms.
Phytochemicals Screening and Antifungal Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed and Callus Extract against Candida albicans
Authors: Abaka Ayuba Kalum , Ishaku Gali Adamu , Haruna Aishatu , Ardo Bello Pariya 
Published: June 2020

Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant that serves as a source of phytochemicals with antimicrobial effect. This work aimed at screening for phytochemical constituents and investigating the antifungal activity of B. aegyptiaca seed and callus extract against Candida albicans. Callus induction from B. aegyptiaca seed kernel explant was done on MS basal nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 BAP + 1.0 2, 4-D + 1.0 NAA. Cultures were kept under a controlled temperature and light conditions for five weeks. Plant materials were extracted using solvent extraction. 50 ml of the solvents: methanol and n-hexane were mixed with five grams (5 g) each of the grounded plant materials (1:10) w/v. Determination of antimicrobial activity was done using disc diffusion assay. Diffusion discs of approximately 6 mm diameter were prepared from Whatman No. 1 filter paper, then sterilized and autoclaved before drying in an oven. 10 µl of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentration of each crude extracts was impregnated on separate sterile disc using sterile micropipette tips. The diameter of zone of inhibition at 100 and 50 mg/ml showed the methanolic extract of callus had the highest zone of inhibition with 17 ± 0.69 mm and 11 ± 0.94 mm. The lowest diameter of zone inhibition of callus extracts was recorded by n-hexane extract at 100 (15 ± 0.46 mm) and 50 mg/ml (09 ± 0.57 mm) respectively. Also, the MIC ranged between 6.25 and 12.50 mg/ml and MFC recorded value of 12.50 mg/ml. Seed methanolic extract had the highest zones of inhibition of 15 ± 0.34 mm and 10 ± 0.62 mm at 100 and 50 mg/ml respectively, while the lowest value (12 ± 0.51 mm and 09 ± 0.23) was recorded in n-hexane at 100 and 50 mg/ml. From the results, both the MIC and MFC of seed extracts ranged from 12.50 to 25.00 mg/ml. Callus extracts showed stronger antifungal activities compared to the seed extracts. Therefore, from the result, Callus extract from B. aegyptiaca can serve as a good source of therapeutic compounds for fungal related disease.
Evaluation of Apparent Microflora and Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Coliforms Isolated from the Shells of Poultry Eggs in Moscow-Russia
Authors: Arsene Mbarga Manga Joseph , Andreevna Smolyakova Larisa , Viktorovna Podoprigora Irina 
Published: June 2020

Background: Antibiotic resistance is increasingly an issue in both human health and veterinary medicine. It is important to regularly assess the resistance of strains which have high potential to transmit this resistance. Numerous researches have shown so far that coli forms are part of these bacteria and coliforms from breeding environments (in particular poultry farming) are the most concerned because of their permanent exposure to antibiotics and adaptation that could result.
Aim: This work was carried out to investigate the sensitivity to antibiotics of coliforms isolated from the shell of poultry eggs.
Methods: A total of 191 egg samples (149 chicken eggs and 42 quail eggs) were collected in supermarket of the city of Moscow, coliforms bacteria were isolated the shells of these eggs and their sensitivity to antibiotics was achieved by employing modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc method. The results have been analysed and interpreted using the Guidelines of Ministry of health of Russian Federation.
Results and Discussion: It turns out that, among the 191 samples studied only 16.2% (31) of the chicken eggs contained coli forms, 7.3% (14) contained mold and 76.4% (146) were sterile while 81% (34) of quail eggs were sterile, 19% (8) contained mold and none contained coliforms. Of the 60 bacteria isolated, 39 (65%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic and the highest MAR Index observed was 0.58 while the lowest was 0.08. Of the 720 anti biograms performed, we observed 557 (77.4%) cases of sensitivity, 72 (10.0%) intermediate cases and 91 (12.6%) cases of resistance. The highest resistances were observed on tetracycline (50%), amoxycillin (40%) and ampicillin (30%) while the weakest resistances were observed on trimethoprim (11.7%), cefazolin (10%), ciprofloxacin (5%) and 1.7% for ceftriazone, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. A comparison between the sensitivity of the isolates to Cefazolin and their sensitivity to Cefazolin + Clavulanic acid showed that the difference between these two antibiotics was highly significant (P = 0.00).
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria isolated was high, with the highest MAR Index observed equal to 0.58. The bio security relating to the use of antibiotics must be reinforced, better use of current known antibiotics is necessary to prolong their effectiveness over time.
Highly‐Cyclable Room‐Temperature Phosphorene Polymer Electrolyte Composites for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Rojaee Ramin , Cavallo Salvatore , Mogurampelly Santosh , Wheatle Bill K. , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Deivanayagam Ramasubramonian , Foroozan Tara , Rasul Md Golam , Sharifi‐Asl Soroosh , Phakatkar Abhijit H. , Cheng Meng , Son Seoung‐Bum , Pan Yayue , Mashayek Farzad , Ganesan Venkat , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite significant interest toward solid‐state electrolytes owing to their superior safety in comparison to liquid‐based electrolytes, sluggish ion diffusion and high interfacial resistance limit their application in durable and high‐power density batteries. Here, a novel quasi‐solid Li+ ion conductive nanocomposite polymer electrolyte containing black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets is reported. The developed electrolyte is successfully cycled against Li metal (over 550 h cycling) at 1 mA cm−2 at room temperature. The cycling overpotential is dropped by 75% in comparison to BP‐free polymer composite electrolyte indicating lower interfacial resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the coordination number of Li+ ions around (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) pairs and ethylene‐oxide chains decreases at the Li metal/electrolyte interface, which facilitates the Li+ transport through the polymer host. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the adsorption of the LiTFSI molecules at the BP surface leads to the weakening of N and Li atomic bonding and enhances the dissociation of Li+ ions. This work offers a new potential mechanism to tune the bulk and interfacial ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes that may lead to a new generation of lithium polymer batteries with high ionic conduction kinetics and stable long‐life cycling.
A Chemically Defined Hydrogel for Human Liver Organoid Culture
Authors: Ye Shicheng , Boeter Jochem W.B. , Mihajlovic Marko , van Steenbeek Frank G. , van Wolferen Monique E. , Oosterhoff Loes A. , Marsee Ary , Caiazzo Massimiliano , van der Laan Luc J.W. , Penning Louis C. , Vermonden Tina , Spee Bart , Schneeberger Kerstin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnd‐stage liver diseases are an increasing health burden, and liver transplantations are currently the only curative treatment option. Due to a lack of donor livers, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Human liver organoids are very promising for regenerative medicine; however, organoids are currently cultured in Matrigel, which is extracted from the extracellular matrix of the Engelbreth‐Holm‐Swarm mouse sarcoma. Matrigel is poorly defined, suffers from high batch‐to‐batch variability and is of xenogeneic origin, which limits the clinical application of organoids. Here, a novel hydrogel based on polyisocyanopeptides (PIC) and laminin‐111 is described for human liver organoid cultures. PIC is a synthetic polymer that can form a hydrogel with thermosensitive properties, making it easy to handle and very attractive for clinical applications. Organoids in an optimized PIC hydrogel proliferate at rates comparable to those observed with Matrigel; proliferation rates are stiffness‐dependent, with lower stiffnesses being optimal for organoid proliferation. Moreover, organoids can be efficiently differentiated toward a hepatocyte‐like phenotype with key liver functions. This proliferation and differentiation potential maintain over at least 14 passages. The results indicate that PIC is very promising for human liver organoid culture and has the potential to be used in a variety of clinical applications including cell therapy and tissue engineering.
Liquid‐Crystal‐Elastomer‐Based Dissipative Structures by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Traugutt Nicholas A. , Mistry Devesh , Luo Chaoqian , Yu Kai , Ge Qi , Yakacki Christopher M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDigital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing enables the creation of hierarchical complex structures with specific micro‐ and macroscopic architectures that are impossible to achieve through traditional manufacturing methods. Here, this hierarchy is extended to the mesoscopic length scale for optimized devices that dissipate mechanical energy. A photocurable, thus DLP‐printable main‐chain liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) resin is reported and used to print a variety of complex, high‐resolution energy‐dissipative devices. Using compressive mechanical testing, the stress–strain responses of 3D‐printed LCE lattice structures are shown to have 12 times greater rate‐dependence and up to 27 times greater strain–energy dissipation compared to those printed from a commercially available photocurable elastomer resin. The reported behaviors of these structures provide further insight into the much‐overlooked energy‐dissipation properties of LCEs and can inspire the development of high‐energy‐absorbing device applications.
Reliable and Reversible Contact of Eutectic Gallium Indium and Copper Electrodes
Authors: Tabor Christopher , Holcomb Sarah , Heikenfeld Jason 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhysically reconfigurable electronics provide a unique method to significantly increase the range of capabilities that a single component can possess. Room temperature liquid metal gallium alloys provide this function as a fluid that can be mobilized to drastically modify electrical performance in devices, such as tunable antennas, high isolation switches, and mechanically responsive stretchable electronics. One of the most critical limitations of using gallium alloys for reconfigurable electronics is the irreversible interactions at the interface between the liquid gallium alloy and a traditional solid electrode. In this work, the effect of repeated connection/disconnection cycles on the electrical performance of eutectic gallium indium, a common liquid gallium alloy, and a copper electrode is characterized. The effects of environment, surface treatment, and method of contact between the liquid metal and the solid surface are identified. The failure mechanisms which prevent the reversibility of the electrical interface of these contacts are determined and a mitigation strategy is provided which resulted in 1000 reversible contacts with no degradation in electrical performance.
Encapsulation Effect on Performance and Stability of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Planes Emilie , Juillard Sacha , Matheron Muriel , Charvin Nicolas , Cros Stéphane , Qian Deping , Zhang Fengling , Berson Solenn , Flandin Lionel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo increase the lifetime of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and pass European lifetime standards, some encapsulation systems are often used to limit the exposition to oxygen and humidity of solar cells. Despite this progress, the damages induced by the encapsulation process are scarcely studied in literature. In this article, the consequences of the common roll‐to‐roll and vacuum lamination approaches are investigated and compared. The losses of performances are first followed induced by both the encapsulation itself and in a damp heat ageing. The vacuum lamination seems harmless for the solar cells. However, a significant damage is evidenced, even with a relatively mild roll‐to‐roll encapsulation. The degradation mechanisms are further investigated by complementary imaging characterization tools: photoluminescence/electroluminescence imaging and spectroscopy, laser‐beam‐induced current mapping, and correlated to J(V) curves. The recent advancements in the optoelectronic domain may allow linking cell performance to localized flaws. It appears that, although the processing conditions are rather homogeneous, the resulting degradation ends up with a strong localization feature.
A Hierarchical 3D Graphene Nanocomposite Foam for Extremely Tough, Non‐Wettable, and Elastic Conductor
Authors: Chun Sungwoo , Bang Soa , Jang Siyeon , Kim Da Wan , Lee Sangmin , Park Wanjun , Pang Changhyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, stretchable conductors and electrodes with hierarchically 3D foams have been highlighted for the development of simple and cost‐effective systems with enhanced performance in sensors, absorbents, energy storage devices, medical devices, and catalysts. For better versatility, additional properties such as mechanical robustness, water repellency, and thermal resistance are required for stable operation in tough, dry/wet conditions. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to fabricate highly robust and large‐area foam‐type conductor with a multiscale 3D matrix of a graphene/polymer nanocomposite (GNC) using a nickel‐based template. The 3D foam conductor with hierarchically porous GNC structures presents excellent stretchability (<160%), water repellency (contact angle > 126°), fire retardancy (>400 °C), and shock‐absorbing ability (>300 kPa), enabling potential application as versatile conductors working under extreme environments. In addition, it is demonstrated that the 3D GNC foam conductor can be used for healthcare electrode operating in wet environments under mechanical bending strain. It is believed that this work overcomes the lack of versatility of conventional bulk or 3D conductive polymer composites and can pave the way for the development of high‐performance, tough, and non‐wettable conductor that can operate under extreme environments.
Superhydrophilic Composite Structure of Copper Microcavities and Nanocones for Enhancing Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Ze Huajie , Wu Feifei , Chen Shihan , Gao Xuefeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA type of high‐efficiency boiling heat transfer (BHT) interfaces based on superhydrophilic copper microcavity and nanocone (CMN) composite structure are reported. In principle, these microcavities are efficient nucleation sites, facilitating decreasing surface superheat required for onset of nucleation boiling (ONB) and enhancing heat transfer coefficient (HTC); discrete nanotips facilitate the departure of boiling bubbles at smaller scale; shallow microcavities with depth of a few micrometers can avoid excess interface thermal resistance; and the superwetting effect of structure itself helps improve critical heat flux (CHF). Through exploring morphology, wettability, boiling mass and heat transfer properties of CMN structures varied with growth time, an optimal interface is obtained with 142% enhancement in the maximum HTC, 64% enhancement in CHF, and 33% decrease in the ONB superheat as compared to the flat copper surface. Meanwhile, combined experiments and theoretical analyses also clarify why the in situ growth of CMN structures on the copper surface can effectively enhance BHT and why the BHT enhancement effects become worse as the growth time of CMN structure increases. This work not only widens the application scope of superwetting surfaces but offers new insight how to rationally design superhydrophilic micro‐ and nanostructures so as to achieve more efficient BHT.
Enhanced Molecular Oxygen Activation on (001) Facets of Zn‐Doped BiOCl Nanosheets for Ciprofloxacin Degradation
Authors: Xu Dongyu , Feng Haining , Dong Yilin , Wang Qiuwen , Zhang Guangming , Lv Longyi , Ren Zhijun , Wang Pengfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe crucial oxidant in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics is the photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) but many photocatalytic processes suffer from low ROS generation efficiency. In this work, a Zn doping strategy is used to improve the photocatalytic oxygen activation ability of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets with exposed (001) facets. Introduction of Zn into BiOCl can narrow the bandgap to extend photoresponse to visible region. Meanwhile, the separation of photoinduced charge carriers can also be promoted by increasing the valence band width of BiOCl. Furthermore, the adsorption and activation of oxygen molecules on the (001) surface are greatly enhanced by introducing more oxygen vacancies. Thus, the Zn‐BiOCl nanosheets have an excellent activity for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light by activating oxygen into superoxide radicals. The optimal ratio of Zn doping is 8% and the degradation rate is 2.6 times higher than that of BiOCl. The photocatalytic oxidation of CIP follows a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The removal efficiency of CIP reaches 98% in 80 min. Finally, the complete pathway of the CIP photocatalytic oxidation is unraveled by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. This study provides an advanced solution to promote the performance of photocatalyst to degrade organic pollutants in water.