bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survive and Thrive in Brazil: The Boa Vista Early Childhood Program: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brentani Alexandra , Ferrer Ana Paula Scolezze , Bessa Luana , Chang Susan , Walker Susan , Powell Christine , Hamadani Jena , Grisi Sandra , Fink Günther 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests that early life health and developmental outcomes can be improved through parental support programs. The objective of this project was to test the feasibility, impact, and relative cost-effectiveness of an adapted “Reach Up and Learn” program delivered through home visiting programs as well as through center-based parenting groups on child health and development in the municipality of Boa Vista, Brazil. Methods A randomized stepped wedge design was used to roll out and evaluate the two parenting platforms in Boa Vista municipality. A total of 39 neighborhoods with high vulnerability index were selected for the study. For the first phase of the program, 9 neighborhoods were randomly selected for home visits, and 2 were randomly selected for the center-based parenting groups. In the second phase of the program, 10 neighborhoods were added to the home visiting program, and 8 were added to the center-based program. In the final phase of the program, the remaining 10 control areas will also be assigned to treatment. Study eligibility will be assessed through a baseline survey completed by all pregnant women in the 39 study areas. Pregnant women will be eligible to participate in the study if they are either classified as poor, were under age 20 when they became pregnant, or if they indicate to have been exposed to domestic or sexual violence. To assess program impact, an endline survey will be conducted when children reach age 2. The primary study outcome is child development at age 2 as measured by the PRIDI instrument. Secondary outcome will be infant mortality, which will be assessed linking municipal vital registration systems to the program rollout. Discussion This trial will assess the feasibility and impact of parenting programs rolled out at medium scale. The results from trial should create evidence urgently needed for guiding Brazil’s national Criança Feliz program as well as similar efforts in other countries.
Analyzing Research Fronts in Medical Informatics Field Based on Topic Model and Life Cycle Theory
Authors: Feng Jia , Mu Xiaomin , Li Fangfang , Shen Yong , Wang Wei , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical informatics (MI) is a multidisciplinary field in which researchers pursue scientific exploration, problem-solving, and decision-making to facilitate the effective use of biomedical data, information and knowledge for the improvement of human health. The purpose of this study is to identify research fronts in the field of MI and ultimately elucidate research activities and trends in this field.
Methods: This study used topic model to identify research topics in the field of MI based on the latent Dirichlet allocation method (LDA). And the topic cloud is utilized to visualize the research topics. For identifying the research front topics, we proposed the indicators of identifying research front topics. In addition, we investigated how front topics change over time, and divided them into five categories based on the life cycle theory.
Results: The data were collected from 35981 published journal abstracts between 2007 and 2016. In the topic distribution of MI, we found that the scope of MI related research has become increasingly interdisciplinary, particular for medical data analysis. Also, in the analysis of research fronts of MI, we found that the use of natural language processing and medical text knowledge extraction play an essential role for systematic analysis and indexing of the underlying semantic contents.
Conclusions: By categorizing the research fronts, the results shows that there are twelve growing, five stable and two declining research fronts. We hope that this work will facilitate greater exploration of the method of identifying the research fronts. Moreover, the findings of this study provide an insight on the research fronts and trends in MI.
Conversion of haemodialysis patients from iron sucrose to iron isomaltoside: a real-world experience
Authors: Silva Jorge Antonio Jesus , Lamplugh Archie , Dhada Sameera , Burton James O , Bhandari Sunil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Anaemia is common in haemodialysis (HD) patients and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intravenous (IV) iron combined with erythropoietin (EPO) is the mainstay treatment of anaemia in these patients. The comparative efficacy and risk of adverse events with IV iron preparations have been assessed in only a few trials. Methods This was an observational longitudinal repeated measures retrospective study designed to compare the safety and efficacy of iron sucrose (IS-Venofer®) versus iron isomaltoside (IIM-Diafer®) in haemodialysis patients. The study included patients currently on dialysis and receiving Venofer who were switched to Diafer and monitored for at least 12 months for each iron preparation. Results A total of 190 patients were included and had a mean age of 65.8 years. Non-inferiority was confirmed with no change in mean haemoglobin per mg of iron administered over a 12-month period. In total there were 41,295 prescriptions of iron isomaltoside and 14,685 of iron sucrose with no difference in the reported adverse events during the study period (7 each, none were severe). There was a statistically significant effect on Hb over time after converting (T0), including after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There were significant improvements in ferritin over time, which remained at 6 months (P<0.01). The weekly iron dose was similar after adjustment (P=0.02). The EPO dose did not differ significantly after month 0 in patients switched to IIM. Conclusions This study demonstrates the comparative safety and efficacy of iron isomaltoside versus iron sucrose, with similar dosing schedules in dialysis patients., with no differential impact on Hb, and ferritin which were maintained at satisfactory levels for at least 12 months. There was no difference in reported adverse events.
Implementation of a transformative learning collaborative training for family doctor teams and managers: a description of participant process and perception
Authors: Cao Peiya , Huang Yanli , Luo Huiqiang , Liu Danping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background:
The Health Commission of Wuhou reformed its primary care system by implementing a Transformative Learning Collaborative (TLC): a structure that supports shared learning and rapid change among a group of providers or organisations. This paper examines the adaptation of a district TLC to implement, disseminate, and scale up the principles of a District Model for family doctor teams and managers of Community Health Centres (CHCs) in China. We describe TLC as a means of informing training content and evaluated the implementation through participant feedback.
Methods:
A district TLC was implemented to disseminate a District Model, which included six quality improvement principles and was developed to reform the primary care delivery process. Family doctor teams (n=26, 52 family doctor individuals) and managers (n=13) from thirteen CHCs in a Chinese district participated in the TLC organisation. The TLC process was described, and survey data served to assess the activities and resource usefulness. The perceived implementation enablers and inhibitors were also descriptively analysed.
Results:
The purpose, content, and process of TLC were described. The implementation included four steps: structure establishment, participants identification, activities implementation, and setting up a feedback system. The survey findings captured family doctors’ and managers’ feedback with regard to preference, needs, concerns, and problems in implementing TLC training. In general, most family doctors and managers indicated that TLC was necessary. All the successfully implemented Plan-Do-Study-Action cycles (77.6%) were applied to the model. Family doctors and managers agreed that coaches, a programme director, and data analysts were useful resources. The top three enablers for successful TLC implementation were managers’ support (93.9%); improvements in self-ability and team-based ability and impacts on participants’ career goals (89.8%), and support from family doctor teams (87.8%).
Conclusions:
This study offered a guided process for running TLC in the primary care system of China and provided valuable feedback from family doctors and managers regarding TLC training. Challenges were also found for future research and consideration. Our findings suggest that manager support is necessary for collaboration in family doctor teams and that participants play an important role by evaluating learning sessions and providing recommendations for future learning.
Quitting the quitline: a qualitative study of patient experience of electronic referrals to quitlines
Authors: Albert Elizabeth L. , Rose Jeanmarie C. , Gill India J. , Flocke Susan A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of electronic referrals (eReferrals) to state quitlines (QLs) for tobacco-using patients is a promising approach for addressing smoking cessation on a large scale. However, QL contact, enrollment, and completion rates are low. The purpose of this study was to examine the eReferral to QL process from the patient’s perspective in order to inform strategies for improving QL engagement.Methods: We conducted interviews with 55 patients who agreed to an eReferral at a primary care visit to 1 of 8 safety-net community health centers in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (September 2017-August 2018). Interviews were designed to explore the experiences of three subgroups of patients who subsequently: 1) declined participation in the QL; 2) were unreachable by the QL; or 3) were enrolled in or had completed the QL program. Analysis was guided by a phenomenological approach designed to identify emergent themes.Results: Reasons for QL program non-completion included changing life circumstances and events making cessation unviable; misunderstandings about the QL; discomfort with telephonic counseling; perceived lack of time for counseling; cell phone barriers; and having already quit smoking. We found that some individuals who were no longer receiving QL support because they had been classified as program complete, unreachable, or declined - desired continued support from the QL.Conclusions: Integrating QL care with community-based resources that address the socio-economic mediators of tobacco use, and/or incorporating culturally adapted interventions could be promising strategies. Follow up by the referring primary care provider to encourage engagement and offer support is recommended.
Would large reference populations unveil the potential of deep neural networks for improved genome-enabled prediction of complex traits? The case for body weight in broilers.
Authors: Passafaro Tiago Luciano , Lopes Fernando B. , Dórea João R. R. , Craven Mark , Breen Vivian , Hawken Rachel J. , Rosa Guilherme J. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Deep neural networks (DNN) are a particular case of artificial neural networks (ANN) composed by multiple hidden layers, and have recently gained attention in genome-enabled prediction of complex traits. Yet, few studies in genome-enabled prediction have assessed the performance of DNN compared to traditional regression models. Strikingly, no clear superiority of DNN has been reported so far, and results seem highly dependent on the species and traits of application. Nevertheless, the relatively small datasets used in previous studies, most with fewer than 5,000 observations may have precluded the full potential of DNN. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the size of the reference population on the performance of DNN compared to Bayesian regression models for genome-enable prediction of body weight in broilers. Results: Predictive performance of DNN improved as sample size increased, reaching a plateau at about 0.32 of prediction correlation when 60% of the entire training set size was used. Interestingly, DNN showed superior prediction correlation with smaller sample sizes and poorer prediction correlation with larger samples sizes compared to Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) and Bayes Cπ without including the tuning data in the training data. Conversely, Bayesian models fitted with the training and tuning sets showed the best performance in terms of prediction correlation, but such advantage vanished for larger sample sizes. DNN presented the lowest mean square error of prediction regardless the amount of data used to train the predictive approaches, as well as with Bayesian models including or not the tuning set into the training set. The predictive bias was lower for DNN compared to Bayesian models regardless the amount of data used with estimates closed to the unit with larger sample sizes. Conclusions: DNN had worse prediction correlation compared to BRR and Bayes Cπ, but improved mean square error of prediction and bias relative to both Bayesian models for genome-enabled prediction of body weight in broilers. Such findings, highlights advantages and disadvantages between predictive approaches depending on the criterion used for comparison. Nonetheless, further analysis is necessary to detect scenarios where DNN can clearly outperform Bayesian benchmark models.
Pollen germination and hand pollination in pitaya (Hylocereus undatus)
Authors: Li Juncheng , Shi Honghui , Huang Xiaoling , Wang Yulin , Junsheng Zhao , Dai Hongfen , Sun Qingming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hand pollination is a necessary aiding method for pitaya ( Hylocereus undatus ) production to achieve a high yield. With the cultivated area of pitaya going up exponentially in the recent years, a systematic study was carried out to understand the mechanism behind the high yield. In this study, we first developed an optimal medium for the in vitro germination of pitaya pollen. Upon testing the activity of the pollen collected from or stored for different time, we observed that the relative high pollen germination rates (27.2–65.1%) were those collected at between 2 h before blooming and 6 h after blooming, the highest activity was at 2 h after blooming, and that storing them for 24 h at 4°C reduces their germination rate from 65.2% to 35.5% and their production to about 82%. Therefore, it is not appropriate to pollinate plants with pollen that have been stored for more than 24 h, without bringing a breakthrough in pollen storage. We also observed that stigma receptivity and pollen activity are synchronous, which together determine fruit setting rate and fruit size. Pollination within 6 h after blooming provides the best fruit setting percentage and fruit size, the other favorable option being pollination at 6:00 pm, that is, 2 h before blooming; however, pollination at 6:00 am the next morning is expected to lead to 23% reduction in the production. These results will be useful for reproductive biology studies in this species. Moreover, this work set an important foundation for collecting pollen and selecting the right time of hand pollination to improve the yield and breeding efficiency in pitaya.
Evaluation of the knowledge of intern doctors on transfusion medicine in Turkey
Authors: Kupesiz Funda Tayfun , Ocak Suheyla , Koc Begum Sirin , Evim Melike Sezgin , Tufekci Ozlem , Kintrup Gulen Tuysuz , Aygünes Utku , Eker Ibrahim , Koluman Basak Unver , Ilhan Gul , Andic Neslihan , Toret Ersin , Akinci Ayse Burcu , Gunes Burcak Tatli , Yilmaz Fergun , Gokcebay Dilek Gurlek , Ozer Tugba Belgemen , Isik Melek , Oymak Yesim , Atesagaoglu Berna , Ozunal Isil Erdogan , Duran Mustafa , Erkan Deniz Ozel , Gurpinar Erol , Aydinok Yesim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Proper clinical use of blood products requires competent theoretical and practical knowledge of transfusion medicine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate levels of transfusion medicine knowledge and attainment of educational targets and identify factors affecting the education of transfusion medicine. Methods: A multicentric survey study was performed among final-year medical students. The questions were prepared based on learning objectives for transfusion medicine curriculum. The questionnaire focused on the safety of blood transfusion administration. Results: The survey included 727 (24%) of 3009 students enrolled in 13 medical schools. In the competence self-assessment, 65% of the students reported that transfusion medicine education was insufficient. Only 14% felt competent in recognizing transfusion complications and applying first-line treatment. For initiating and monitoring transfusions, 41% stated they could manage under supervision and 7% stated they had sufficient practice, while the remaining 52% considered themselves completely insufficient in this area. The 10 questions assessing basic knowledge and attainment of educational targets had 53 choices. This indicates that intern doctors were not able to recognize 50% of the correct and 30% of the incorrect information. Conclusion: A large proportion of medical students did not have adequate theoretical knowledge or self-assessed practical competency in transfusion medicine.
Bifidobacterium mongoliense genome seems particularly adapted to milk oligosaccharides digestion leading to production of antivirulent metabolites
Authors: Bondue Pauline , Milani Christian , Arnould Emilie , Ventura Marco , Daube Georges , Lapointe Gisèle , Delcenserie Veronique 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) could promote the growth of bifidobacteria, improving young children’s health. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulent activity against intestinal pathogens. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO), structurally similar to HMO, are found at high concentration in cow whey. This is particularly observed for 3’-sialyllactose (3’SL). This study focused on enzymes and transport systems involved in HMO/BMO metabolism contained in B. crudilactis and B. mongoliense genomes. The ability of B. mongoliense to grow in media supplemented with whey or 3’SL was assessed. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against the virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Due to the presence of genes encoding β-galactosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-sialidases and α-fucosidases, B. mongoliense presents a genome more sophisticated and more adapted to the digestion of BMO/HMO than B. crudilactis . In addition, HMO/BMO digestion involves genes encoding oligosaccharide transport systems found in B. mongoliense but not in B. crudilactis . B. mongoliense seemed able to grow on media supplemented with whey or 3’SL as main source of carbon (8.3±1.0 and 6.7±0.3 log cfu/mL, respectively). CFSM obtained from whey resulted in a significant under-expression of ler , fliC , luxS , stx1 and qseA genes

(-2.2, -5.3, -2.4, -2.5 and -4.8, respectively; P<0.05) of E. coli O157:H7. CFSM from 3’SL resulted in a significant up-regulation of luxS (2.0; P<0.05) gene and a down-regulation of fliC (-5.0; P<0.05) gene. CFSM obtained from whey resulted in significant up-regulations of sopD and hil genes (2.9 and 3.5, respectively; P<0.05) of S. Typhimurium, while CFSM obtained from 3’SL fermentation down-regulated hil and sopD genes (-2.7 and -4.2, respectively; P<0.05).
From enzymes and transporters highlighted in the genome of B. mongoliense and its potential ability to metabolise 3’SL and whey, B. mongoliense seems well able to digest HMO/BMO. The exact nature of the metabolites contained in CFSM has to be identified still. These results suggest that BMO associated with B. mongoliense could be an interesting synbiotic formulation to maintain or restore intestinal health of young children.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by biochar derived from Chaenomeles sinensis seed
Authors: Hu Xiaoling , Song Jianyang , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Wei , Wang Bin , Lyu Wanlin , Wang Qilong , Liu Pei , Chen Ling , Xing Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to utilize the discarded Chaenomeles sinensis seed (CSS) and develop low-cost biochar for heavy metal pollution control, this study pyrolyzed CSS to prepare biochar at three different temperatures (300, 450 and 600 °C). The physicochemical properties of CSS biochar such as elemental composition, surface area, surface morphology and surface functional groups were characterized. Its adsorption properties including kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached at 5 h, which was relatively fast. CSS biochar prepared at 450 °C (CSS450) had the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) and Cu(II), which was 93.19 mg/g and 105.12 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic parameter ΔG0 &lt; 0 and the isotherm parameter RL between 0 and 1 all revealed the feasibility and spontaneity of the adsorption process. The removal of Cr(VI) exhibited high efficiency in a wide pH range (1–10), while the removal of Cu(II) was pH-dependent and optimal at pH = 6. The coexisting ions in the solution showed slight inhibition of the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). Additionally, Cu(II) exhibited better affinity for CSS450 than Cr(VI) in dynamic adsorption. This is the first study to prepare biochar from CSS and confirms its potential application for heavy metal remediation.
Effect of Isolated Proteins from Crotalus Durissus Terrificus Venom on Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis-Infected Macrophages
Authors: Katz Simone , Barbiéri Clara Lúcia , Soler Fernanda Paula Martins , Soares Andreimar Martins , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Zamuner Stella Regina 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are parasitic diseases
characterized by skin manifestations. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is one of the
etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The therapeutic arsenal routinely employed to treat
infected patients is unsatisfactory, especially for pentavalent antimonials, as they are often highly
toxic, poorly tolerated and of variable effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the
leishmanicidal activity of toxins isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom as a new
approach for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Methods:
The comparative effects of crotamine, crotoxin, gyrotoxin, convulxin and PLA2 on bone
marrow-derived macrophages infected with L. (L.) amazonensis as well as the release of TGF-β
from the treated macrophages were studied.

Results and Discussion:
Crotamine had the strongest inhibitory effect on parasite growth rate
(IC50: 25.65±0.52 μg/mL), while convulxin showed the weakest inhibitory effect (IC50: 52.7±2.21
μg/mL). In addition, TGF-β was significantly reduced after the treatment with all toxins evaluated.

Conclusion:
The Crotalus durissus terrificus toxins used in this study displayed significant activity
against L. (L.) amazonensis, indicating that all of them could be a potential alternative for the
treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.