bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of XIST ameliorates acute kidney injury by sponging miR‐142‐5p and targeting PDCD4
Authors: Tang Bo , Li Weiliang , Ji Tingting , Li Xiaoying , Qu Xiaolei , Feng Linhong , Zhu Yingchun , Qi Yinghui , Zhu Chun , Bai Shoujun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common kidney disease that markedly affects public health. To date, the roles of long noncoding RNA XIST in AKI are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the biological functions of XIST in AKI. We observed that XIST expression increased in patients with AKI and HK‐2 cells stimulated by CoCl2. In addition, a rat AKI model induced by ischemia–reperfusion was established. Tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and cyclooxygenase‐2 messenger RNA expression were induced in vivo; moreover, XIST expression was upregulated. Knockdown of XIST significantly repressed CoCl2‐triggered injury in HK‐2 cells. However, microRNA (miR)‐142‐5p, a downstream target of XIST, was downregulated in AKI. miR‐142‐5p was repressed by XIST and miR‐142‐5p could inhibit CoCl2‐induced injury in HK‐2 cells. Moreover, PDCD4 expression was significantly increased in AKI. PDCD4 was predicted to be the target of miR‐142‐5p. Subsequently, loss of PDCD4 was able to retard injury in HK‐2 cells exposed to CoCl2. Thus, we suggest that XIST regulates miR‐142‐5p and PDCD4, and it has the potential to function as a biomarker in therapeutic strategies for AKI.
Overexpression of miR‐181a‐5p inhibits retinal neovascularization through endocan and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiuping , Yao Yiyun , Yuan Fei , Xie Bing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRetinal neovascularization (RNV) is a common pathological feature of angiogenesis‐related retinopathy. Endocan inhibition has previously been reported to suppress RNV in oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR); however, its molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of endocan in OIR. We established an OIR mouse model and detected aberrant endocan overexpression in OIR mouse retinas. Endocan inhibition through small interfering RNA or a neutralizing antibody inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced cell survival, cell proliferation, and tube formation in human retinal endothelial cells in vitro and reduced the RNV area in vivo. Using RNA sequencing, a luciferase reporter assay, and bioinformatics analyses, we identified endocan as a microRNA‐181a‐5p target gene. The antiangiogenic effect of miR‐181a‐5p on RNV was verified by intravitreal injection, and we showed that this involved the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that miR‐181a‐5p/endocan regulates retinal angiogenesis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for RNV.
A new perspective on the static metabolic allometry of carabid beetles
Authors: Packard Gary C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe conventional allometric method entails fitting a straight line to logarithmic transformations of the original bivariate data and then back‐transforming the resulting equation (at least implicitly) to form a two‐parameter power function, Y = a × Xb, on the arithmetic scale. Although the protocol is widely used in contemporary research, it commonly performs poorly and thereby leads investigators to form inaccurate impressions of the dominant pattern in their data. Here I re‐examine the metabolic allometry for six species of carabid beetle to illustrate the problem that arises when pattern in the original data can be described by two (or more) statistically equivalent equations with different functional form. Whereas conventional analyses of data for the beetles yielded only a single descriptive model for each dataset (i.e., the two‐parameter power equation), the more versatile protocol used here fitted two to four statistically equivalent equations (including the two‐parameter power function) to the same sets of observations. Conclusions based on just the power equation estimated by conventional allometry would be misleading because the equation does not afford a unique description for pattern in the data.
An evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID‐19
Authors: Lu Hongzhou , Stratton Charles W. , Tang Yi‐Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak has evolved in each country, the approach to the laboratory assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has had to evolve as well. This review addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID‐19 and discusses how algorithms for testing have been driven, in part, by the demand for testing overwhelming the capacity to accomplish such testing. This review focused on testing in the USA, as this testing is evolving, whereas in China and other countries such as South Korea testing is widely available and includes both molecular testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as serological testing using both enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methodology and lateral flow immunoassay methodology. Although commercial testing systems are becoming available, there will likely be insufficient numbers of such tests due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next testing issue as the COVID‐19 begins to subside. This will allow immunity testing as well as will allow the parameters of the COVID‐19 outbreak to be defined.
The prognostic and predictive role of 21‐gene recurrence scores in hormone receptor‐positive early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Ahmed Shahid , Pati Sukanya , Le Duc , Haider Kamal , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, gene expression profiling of breast cancer has emerged as an important tool in early‐stage breast cancer management. The approach provides important information on underlying biological mechanisms, breast cancer classification, future risk potential of developing recurrent metastatic disease, and provides beneficial clues for adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Of the commercially available genomic tests for breast cancer, the prognostic and predictive value of 21‐gene recurrence score tests have been validated using both retrospective data and prospective clinical trials. In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on 21‐gene expression profiles for HR‐positive HER2‐negative early‐stage breast cancer management. We show that current evidence supports endocrine therapy alone as an appropriate adjuvant systemic therapy for approximately 70% of women with HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, node‐negative breast cancer. Evolving evidence also suggests that 21‐gene recurrence scores have predictive values for node‐positive breast cancer and that chemotherapy can be avoided in more than half of women with nodes 1 to 3 positive HR‐positive breast cancer. Furthermore, retrospective data also supports the predictive role of 21‐gene recurrence scores for adjuvant radiation therapy. A prospective trial in this area is ongoing.
Postoperative complications are associated with poor survival outcome after curative resection for colorectal cancer: A propensity‐score analysis
Authors: Miyamoto Yuji , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Tokunaga Ryuma , Akiyama Takahiko , Daitoku Nobuya , Sakamoto Yuki , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe retrospectively evaluated the impact of postoperative complications on long‐term outcomes after curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC), using propensity‐score analysis (PSA).Patients and MethodsWe reviewed data from 673 consecutive patients with stage I to III CRC, who underwent curative resections between 2005 and 2017. Patients were divided into the complication group (Clavien‐Dindo [CD] grade ≥ 3) and the control group (others). We performed PSA to obtain unbiased estimates of the effects of the oncological background on each outcome.ResultsWe matched for sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, location (right colon/left colon/rectum), histology (tub1/tub2/por), pathological tumor depth, and lymph node metastases. Eighty‐five patients (12.6%) developed postoperative complications with CD grade ≥ 3. After PSA, 81 patients were included in each group. The complication group showed significantly worse relapse‐free survival (RFS) than the control group (5‐year RFS rate: 62% vs 77%; P = .047). In multivariate analysis with inverse probability of treatment weights, the complication group had a higher risk of relapse or death than the control group (hazard ratio: 2.08, 95% confidence interval:1.3‐3.3; P = .018).ConclusionsPostoperative complications (CD grade ≥ 3) could cause poor long‐term outcomes in patients with stage I to III CRC; their presence requires appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy and follow‐up.
Biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst of alumina: Study of kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Gholipour Zanjani Nooshin , Kamran Pirzaman Arash , Yazdanian Elmira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the current research, biodiesel production was investigated in the presence of solid catalysts of K2CO3/Al2O3 by transesterification of rapeseed oil. The specifications of produced fatty acid methyl esters like viscosity and flash point were studied, and it was noted that they complied with the requirements of ASTM D6751. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were explored considering the temperature changes between 318.15 and 348.15 K. Mass transfer resistance (external diffusion or internal diffusion) over the catalyst was neglected with regard to theWeisz‐Prater criterion and Mears criterion. The kinetic models containing Eley‐Rideal, Langmuir‐Hinshelwood, pseudo–first‐order, pseudo–second‐order, and α‐order models were investigated. Corrected Akaike information criterion was utilized to find the best model fitted with the experimental data. The greatest illustration for the K2CO3/Al2O3‐catalyzed reaction was the nonlinear model with an order of α = 1.287 and the activation energy of 12.12 kJ/mol. Using transition state theory (Eyring‐Polanyi equation), the activation Gibbs free energy, activation enthalpy, and activation entropy were calculated at different temperatures. The equilibrium thermodynamic properties depicted that this process is endothermic and spontaneous toward biodiesel production and tends to be irreversible.
Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Dai population from Yunnan province
Authors: Cheng Yujing , Dai Run , Chen Wanlu , Li Qi , Zhang Chan , Yang Tonghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharmacogenomics plays a crucial role in individualized therapy, but the variant information of pharmacogenomics in the Dai population is limited. We therefore aimed to screen very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) in the Dai population and compared differences between Dai and other 25 populations.MethodsIn this study, we genotyped 73 VIP variants from the PharmGKB and compared genotype distribution of variants in Dai with other 25 populations by χ2 test. To assess the genetic relationship among 26 populations, we performed the structure analysis. In addition, pair‐wise F‐statistics (Fst) was calculated to measure the population differentiation.ResultsWe found 12, 10, 13, 17, 11, 39, 46, 46, 45, 43, 49, 46, 46, 46, 49, 45, 41, 42, 48, 53, 45, 50, 50, 51, 47, and 50 significantly different variants in Dai compared with other 25 populations. Genetic structure analysis showed Dai had close relationships with CDX (Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna), CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing), JPT (Japanese in Tokyo), and KHV (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). Moreover, Dai is the most similar to KHV according to Fst analysis.ConclusionsOur study complement the pharmacogenomics information of Dai population from Yunnan province and provide a theoretical basis for personalized medicine.
Algebraic multigrid for systems of elliptic boundary‐value problems
Authors: Lee Barry 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article develops an algebraic multigrid (AMG) method for solving systems of elliptic boundary‐value problems. It is well known that multigrid for systems of elliptic equations faces many challenges that do not arise for most scalar equations. These challenges include strong intervariable couplings, multidimensional and possibly large near‐nullspaces, analytically unknown near‐nullspaces, delicate selection of coarse degrees of freedom (CDOFs), and complex construction of intergrid operators. In this article, we consider only the selection of CDOFs and the construction of the interpolation operator. The selection is an extension of the Ruge–Stuben algorithm using a new strength of connection measure taken between nodal degrees of freedom, that is, between all degrees of freedom located at a gridpoint to all degrees of freedom at another gridpoint. This measure is based on a local correlation matrix generated for a set of smoothed test vectors derived from a relaxation‐based procedure. With this measure, selection of the CDOFs is then determined by the number of strongly correlated connections at each node, with the selection processed by a Ruge–Stuben coloring scheme. Having selected the CDOFs, the interpolation operator is constructed using a bootstrap AMG (BAMG) procedure. We apply the BAMG procedure either over the smoothed test vectors to obtain an intervariable interpolation scheme or over the like‐variable components of the smoothed test vectors to obtain an intravariable interpolation scheme. Moreover, comparing the correlation measured between the intravariable couplings with the correlation between all couplings, a mixed intravariable and intervariable interpolation scheme is developed. We further examine an indirect BAMG method that explicitly uses the coefficients of the system operator in constructing the interpolation weights. Finally, based on a weak approximation criterion, we consider a simple scheme to adapt the order of the interpolation (i.e., adapt the caliber or maximum number of coarse‐grid points that a fine‐grid point can interpolate from) over the computational domain.
Structure and Properties of 1,4‐Bis(Trinitromethyl)Benzene
Authors: Giles Ian D. , Imler Gregory H. , Deschamps Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structure, activation energy, onset temperature, heat of formation, and calculated detonation properties of 1,4‐bis(trinitromethly)benzene are reported here. The crystal structure of this compound shows that as other trinitromethyl containing compounds the planes of the three independent C‐NO2 are approximately perpendicular to one another. The crystal density is 1.805 g/cm3. Like other trinitromethyl containing explosives, the onset temperature is relatively low (103.7 °C). The incorporation of two trinitromethly groups yields a reasonable oxygen balance (−25.5 %) which is close to that of RDX (−21.6 %). While the calculated detonation velocity of HNX exceeds that of TNT it is almost 6 % lower than that of RDX.
The renewable energy and economic growth nexus in European countries
Authors: Kasperowicz Rafał , Bilan Yuriy , Štreimikienė Dalia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study examines the long‐run relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth within the framework of the traditional production function in 29 European countries from 1995 to 2016. The study was based on the panel unit root tests, panel cointegration test—the Kao (1999), Pedroni (1999, 2004), Westerlund (2005) and fully modified ordinary least squares estimator and dynamic ordinary least squares estimator. The study found that there is a long‐term equilibrium relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption and that renewable energy consumption has a positive impact on economic growth. The results suggest that the use of renewable energy as a global commodity in the process of economic growth is highly significant. Therefore, policies to promote renewables can provide for economic growth, an increase in renewables and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ensure important sustainable development goals.
The business family 3.0: Dynastic business families as families, organizations and networks—Outline of a theory extension
Authors: Kleve Heiko , Köllner Tobias , von Schlippe Arist , Rüsen Tom A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper's point of departure is that business families are permanently confronted with a dual function: They engage in typical family relations yet also have formal decision‐making processes for business and family strategy. However, large business families—which may consist of several hundred shareholders who own one or more family businesses—are confronted with an additional challenge. Alongside being simultaneously a family and an organization, they also have to establish and maintain notions of membership and modes of communication between distantly related shareholders. This we have called family network or family 3.0. The challenges involved in initiating, shaping and maintaining such networks require new strategic reconsideration in the family itself and an extension of the existing theoretical observations regarding family businesses, thereby establishing the basis for a better understanding of large‐scale business families. For this, we try to combine family business research, organization studies and systems theory.
Vertrauen in Journalismus
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungUnter Online-Bedingungen hat sich also die Rolle des Journalismus gewandelt. Journalistische Medien sind nicht mehr die einzigen Gatekeeper, die darüber entscheiden, welche Informationen an die Öffentlichkeit gelangen und welche nicht. Neben journalistische Medien treten neue Informationsquellen (Alternativmedien, öffentliche Bürgerkommunikation, Originalquellen), die Informationen über aktuelle politische und gesellschaftliche Ereignisse bieten und damit in Konkurrenz und/oder Komplementarität zum Journalismus treten. Diese Entwicklung ist potenziell folgenreich für das Vertrauen in journalistische Medien. Im folgenden Kapitel werden daher zunächst die Grundlagen für das Verständnis von Vertrauen in Journalismus gelegt.
Einflussfaktoren auf Vertrauen in Journalismus
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden sollen diejenigen Faktoren identifiziert werden, die auf der Individualebene das Vertrauen in Journalismus prägen und insbesondere die Rolle der Informationsnutzung im Internet reflektiert werden. Dazu wird in den Kapiteln 4.1 bis 4.4 schrittweise ein Modell aufgebaut, das drei Gruppen von Einflussfaktoren unterscheidet. Diese sind danach gegliedert, wie stark sie vermutlich das Vertrauen auf der Individualebene prägen (Abbildung 2).
DEGRO practical guideline for partial-breast irradiation
Authors:   Breast Cancer Expert Panel of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO), Strnad V. , Krug D. , Sedlmayer F. , Piroth M. D. , Budach W. , Baumann R. , Feyer P. , Duma M. N. , Haase W. , Harms W. , Hehr T. , Fietkau R. , Dunst J. , Sauer R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This consensus statement from the Breast Cancer Working Group of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) aims to define practical guidelines for accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI).

Methods
Recent recommendations for relevant aspects of APBI were summarized and a panel of experts reviewed all the relevant literature. Panel members of the DEGRO experts participated in a series of conferences, supplemented their clinical experience, performed a literature review, and formulated recommendations for implementing APBI in clinical routine, focusing on patient selection, target definition, and treatment technique.

Results
Appropriate patient selection, target definition for different APBI techniques, and basic rules for appropriate APBI techniques for clinical routine outside of clinical trials are described. Detailed recommendations for APBI in daily practice, including dose constraints, are given.

Conclusion
Guidelines are mandatory to assure optimal results of APBI using different techniques.
Evaluation of LC-MS and LC×LC-MS in analysis of zebrafish embryo samples for comprehensive lipid profiling
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Legradi Jessica , Leonards Pim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, both conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1DLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-TOF MS) were used for full-scale lipid characterization of lipid extracts from zebrafish embryos. We investigated the influence on annotated lipids and different separation mechanisms (HILIC, C18, and PFP), and their different orders arranged in the first and the second dimensions. As a result, the number of lipid species annotated by conventional one-dimensional LC-MS was between 212 and 448. In contrast, the number of individual lipids species annotated by C18×HILIC, HILIC×C18, and HILIC×PFP were 1784, 1059, and 1123, respectively. Therefore, it was evident that the performance of comprehensive 2DLC, especially the C18×HILIC method, considerably exceeded 1DLC. Interestingly, a comparison of the HILIC×C18 and C18×HILIC approaches showed, under the optimized conditions, similar orthogonality, but the effective separation power of the C18×HILIC was much higher. A comparison of the HILIC×C18 and the HILIC×PFP methods demonstrated that the HILIC×PFP separation had superior orthogonality with a small increase on its effective peak capacity, indicating that the HILIC×PFP combination maybe a promising platform for untargeted lipidomics in complex samples. Finally, from the comprehensive lipid profiling respective, the C18×HILIC was selected for further studies.
Practical guidance for the evaluation of disease progression and the decision to change treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Iwasa Satoru , Kudo Toshihiro , Takahari Daisuke , Hara Hiroki , Kato Ken , Satoh Taroh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter failure of first-line chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines and platinum compounds for advanced gastric cancer, second-line chemotherapy with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel, which elicits a durable response, and third-line or later chemotherapy with nivolumab have been shown to lead to a more favorable prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients. As new and more effective drugs are now available, sequential chemotherapy would contribute to prolonged survival. From this point of view, the patient’s disease course should be frequently monitored in order to adapt treatment regimens. This review summarizes the points to note in regard to radiological assessment, and discusses the integration of prognostic factors, tumor markers, and clinical symptoms that need to be taken into account to change treatment at an appropriate timing.