bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating gene expression, spatial location and histology to identify spatial domains and spatially variable genes by graph convolutional network
Authors: Li Mingyao , Hu Jian , Li Xiangjie , Coleman Kyle , Schroeder Amelia , Irwin David , Lee Edward , Shinohara Russell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics technologies have enabled comprehensive characterization of gene expression patterns in the context of tissue microenvironment. To elucidate spatial gene expression variation, we present SpaGCN, a graph convolutional network approach that integrates gene expression, spatial location and histology in spatial transcriptomics data analysis. Through graph convolution, SpaGCN aggregates gene expression of each spot from its neighboring spots, which enables the identification of spatial domains with coherent expression and histology. The subsequent domain guided differential expression analysis then detects genes with enriched expression patterns in the identified domains. Analyzing five spatially resolved transcriptomics datasets using SpaGCN, we show it can detect genes with much more enriched spatial expression patterns than existing methods. Furthermore, genes detected by SpaGCN are transferrable and can be utilized to study spatial variation of gene expression in other datasets. SpaGCN is computationally fast, making it a desirable tool for spatial transcriptomics studies.
Ramifications of third trimester amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wertheimer Avital , Decter Dean , Borovich Adi , Bardin Ron , Hadar Eran , Krispin Eyal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To determine the association between gestational age at amniocentesis and procedure-related complications in twin gestations.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all twin gestations that underwent amniocentesis in a tertiary hospital between 2007 and 2016. Outcomes and procedure related complications were compared between third trimester (≥24 weeks) and mid-trimester amniocentesis (16-23 weeks). Results: Compared to mid-trimester amniocentesis (n=157 (84.9%)), the third trimester group (n=28 (15.1%)) was younger (31.5 vs. 35.3 years, p<0.001) and presented with more fetal growth restriction (28% vs. 10% p=0.015). Membrane rupture within 4 weeks of amniocentesis was significantly higher in the third trimester amniocentesis group (31% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested gestational age at amniocentesis as an independent risk factor for premature rupture of membranes within 4 weeks of amniocentesis. Conclusions: Third trimester amniocentesis in twin pregnancies is associated with significantly higher rates of procedure related membrane rupture compared to mid-trimester amniocentesis.
The Tiny Impact of Respiratory Masks - on Physiological, Subjective and Behavioral Measures under Mental Load
Authors: Spang Robert , Pieper Kerstin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks is recommended to prevent droplets from traveling from one person to another. A commandment to wear masks applies in most public places to contain the widespread of the virus. Some public debates concern myths regarding risks caused by wearing a mask, like, e.g., decreased blood oxygen levels and impaired cognitive capabilities. The present, pre-registered study aims to contribute clarity by delivering a direct comparison of wearing an FFP2 (N95) respirator and wearing no mask. We focused on a demanding situation to show that cognitive efficacy and the person's state is equivalent in both conditions of a randomized-controlled cross-over study design. We measured physiological (blood oxygen saturation and heart rate variability), behavioral (parameters of performance in the task), and subjective (perceived mental load) data to substantiate our assumption as broad as possible. We analyzed data from 44 participants regarding both statistical equivalence and differences. All of the investigated dimensions showed statistical equivalence given our pre-registered equivalence boundaries. None of the dimensions showed a significant difference between wearing a mask and not wearing a mask.
How Does Medical Education Affect Students’ Views of Euthanasia/assisted Dying? A Mixed-method Study
Authors: Nie Luke , Smith-Han Kelby , Iosua Ella , Walker Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies report a majority of the general public support euthanasia/assisted dying (EAD), while a majority of doctors are opposed. In considering policy decisions about EAD, some may discount the views of doctors because they take them to be based on personal values or tradition, rather than reasons that the general public might share. One way to explore this notion is to examine whether medical students’ views change during medical education. The objective of this study was to learn how New Zealand medical students view EAD and whether their views change during medical education. MethodsAn on-line survey of undergraduate medical students was conducted. Quantitative data was analysed using unadjusted and multiple logistic regression. Thematic analysis was conducted with the qualitative data.Results A total of 326 students replied to the survey. The overall response rate was 28%. 65% of 2nd year students were supportive of EAD, compared to 39% in 5th year. The odds of 5th year students supporting a law change compared to 2nd year was 0.30 (95%CI 0.15-0.60). The predominant themes found in the qualitative results indicate that medical students support or oppose EAD for reasons similar to those found in the wider debate, and that their views are influenced by a range of factors. However, several at all year levels cited an aspect of medical school as having influenced their views. This was mentioned by participants who were supportive of, opposed to, or unsure about EAD, but it was the type of influence most often mentioned by those who were opposed. ConclusionsThe quantitative findings suggest that aspects of medical education made students less likely to support EAD. The qualitative findings indicate that this is not related to a single educational experience at Otago Medical School but a range. Together, these findings suggest that the lower support found among doctors is in part related to medical education and medical work rather than age, personality, or social context. They indicate a practical basis to ethical and professional formation that should be considered in curriculum design, policy decisions and when interpreting public opinion surveys on this issue.
Role of TRPM8&nbsp;in Switching Between Fever and Hypothermia in Adult Mice During Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Shiraki Chinatsu , Horikawa Ririka , Fujimoto Momoka , Okamoto Kaho , Kurganov Erkin , Miyata Seiji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) functions in the sensing of noxious and innocuous colds; however, its significance in pathogen-induced thermoregulation and inflammation remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of TRPM8 in the regulation of endotoxin-induced body temperature control and inflammation. The peripheral administration of low-dose LPS or zymosan generated fever in wild-type (WT) mice and hypothermia in TRPM8 knockout (KO) animals. TRPM8 KO mice exhibited severe hypothermia and sickness responses following the peripheral administration of high-dose LPS. An intracerebroventricular injection of LPS and interleukin-1ß (Il-1ß) elicited hypothermia in TRPM8 KO mice, in contrast to fever in WT animals, whereas that of prostaglandin E2 induced normal fever. Fos immunohistochemistry showed the stronger activation of hypothalamic thermoregulation-associated nuclei following the peripheral administration of low-dose LPS. Therefore, TRPM8 is necessary for switching between fever and hypothermia during endotoxin-induced inflammation.
Gaps in Health Care Services for Refugees in Cologne, Germany – a Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Warmbein Angelika , Beiersmann Claudia , Eulgem Andrea , Demir Jaqueline , Neuhann Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ever since the peak in the number of refugees arriving in Germany in 2015, existing health care structures have faced major challenges. The city of Cologne developed ad-hoc new structures: a separate department for refugee medicine was set up. In the context of this study, the actual gaps in the health care of refugees in the city of Cologne were examined. The study provides lessons learnt for the health care of refugees.
Methods: The present study used an embedded mixed-methods approach using 20 semi-structured interviews and a database including 353 datasets with socio-demographic, health-related and resource-related information to cross-check the results of qualitative data.
Results: The qualitative data revealed gaps in providing health care to refugees. These gaps were found concerning approving health care services and medical aids by the municipality, communication and cooperation between the actors in care of refugees, undersupplies in mental health care and addictive disorders as well as improper housing situations for vulnerable groups of refugees with mental health issues, psychiatric disorders or elderly persons. Quantitative data confirmed the gap in approving health care services and medical aids, whilst no valid statement could be made about communication and cooperation. Undersupplies for mental health issues were confirmed, the gap for treatment of addictive disorders shows a divergence within the database. Improper housing situations for mentally ill persons were reflected, for elderly persons this did not appear in data.
Conclusion: Analysing the gaps can stimulate necessary changes to improve health services for refugees locally, while others are beyond the control of the local authority and require legislative and political action.
African Soil Properties and Nutrients Mapped at 30--m Spatial Resolution using Two-scale Ensemble Machine Learning
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Miller Matthew , Krizan Josip , Shepherd Keith , Sila Andrew , Kilibarda Milan , Antonijevic Ognjen , Glusica Luka , Dobermann Achim , Haefele Stephan , McGrath Steve , Acquah Gifty , Collinson Jamie , Parente Leandro , Sheykhmousa Mohammadreza , Saito Kazuki , Johnson Jean-Martial , Chamberlin Jordan , Silatsa Francis , Yemefack Martin , MacMillan Robert , Wheeler Ichsani , Crouch Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Soil property and class maps for the continent of Africa were so far only available at very generalised scales, with many countries not mappedat all. Thanks to an increasing quantity and availability of soil samples collected at field point locations by various government and/or NGOfunded projects, it is now possible to produce detailed pan-African maps of soil nutrients, including micro-nutrients at fine spatial resolutions. Inthis paper we describe production of a 30 m resolution Soil Information System of the African continent using, to date, the most comprehensivecompilation of soil samples (N ≈ 150, 000) and Earth Observation data. We produced predictions for soil pH, organic carbon (C) and totalnitrogen (N), total carbon, Cation Exchange Capacity (eCEC), extractable — phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) — silt, clay and sand, stone content, bulk density and depth to bedrock, at three depths (0, 20 and50 cm) and using 2-scale 3D Ensemble Machine Learning framework implemented in the mlr (Machine Learning in R) package. As covariatelayers we used 250 m resolution (MODIS, PROBA-V and SM2RAIN products), and 30 m resolution (Sentinel-2, Landsat and DTM derivatives)images. Our 5–fold spatial Cross-Validation results showed varying accuracy levels ranging from the best performing soil pH (CCC=0.900) tomore poorly predictable extractable phosphorus (CCC=0.654) and sulphur (CCC=0.708) and depth to bedrock. Sentinel-2 bands SWIR (B11,B12), NIR (B09, B8A), Landsat SWIR bands, and vertical depth derived from 30 m resolution DTM, were the overall most important 30 mresolution covariates. Climatic data images — SM2RAIN, bioclimatic variables and MODIS Land Surface Temperature — however, remainedas the overall most important variables for predicting soil chemical variables at continental scale. The publicly available 30–m soil maps aresuitable for numerous applications, including soil and fertilizer policies and investments, agronomic advice to close yield gaps, environmentalprograms, or targeting of nutrition interventions.
Prevalence and Impact of Migraine among University Students in Bangladesh: Findings from a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Rafi Md. Abdur , Islam Md. Saiful , Hasan M. Tasdik , Hossain Md. Golam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Migraine is one of the main causes of long-term morbidity, and it is one of the major contributors of all types of headaches in worldwide. Despite its disruptive effect, it is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of migraines and its impact on daily life of university students in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,352 students of Rajshahi University and Jahangirnagar University during March 2020 through a self-administered online survey. ID MigraineTM scale and HIT-6 scale were used to screen migraine and its impact respectively. Frequency distribution, and Chi-square test, t-test along with multiple logistic regressions model were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of migraine respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of migraine among the participants was 21.4%. The prevalence was higher among females (29%) than males (12%). A multivariable logistic regression model provided the following eight risk factors of migraine: (i) gender (p<0.01), (ii) family income (p<0.01), (iii) marital status (p<0.01), (iv) infrequent exercise (p<0.01), (v) family history of headache (p<0.01), (vi) high screen time (p<0.05), (vii) depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and (viii) anxiety disorder (p<0.01). More than two-thirds of the migraineurs reported more than five attacks during the past month with moderate to severe intense headache. Stress was the most reported trigger of migraine among university students (71%) followed by irregular sleep (47%), academic pressure (33%), and external noise (28%). Almost 37% of the participants who had migraines reported that headache caused severe impact in their day to day life. Conclusions: The prevalence of migraine among university students of Bangladesh is alarmingly high. Frequent migraine attacks and severe intensity of headache cause a substantial level of impact among the sufferers. Cautious avoidance of the triggering factors through appropriate interventions and prophylactic medication can mitigate the negative impact of migraine as well as improve the quality of life.
Labor Dystocia and Risk of Histological Chorioamnionitis and Funisitis: A Study from a Single Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tuyoshi , Fukuda Toma , Yasuda Shun , Kanno Aya , Yazawa Riho , Hashimoto Yuko , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Intrauterine inflammation affects short- and long-term neonatal outcomes. Histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis are acute inflammatory responses in the fetal membranes and umbilical cord, respectively. Although labor dystocia includes a potential risk of intrauterine inflammation, the risk of labor dystocia in histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to examine the association between labor dystocia and risk of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the patients who underwent histopathological examinations of the placenta and umbilical cord at Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Japan, between 2015 and 2020, were included. From the dataset, the pathological findings of the patients with labor dystocia and spontaneous preterm birth were reviewed. Based on the location of leukocytes, the inflammation in the placenta (histological chorioamnionitis) and umbilical cord (funisitis) was graded as 0–3. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of histological chorioamnionitis, histological chorioamnionitis stage ≥2, funisitis, and funisitis stage ≥2.Result: Of 317 women who met the study criteria, 83 and 144 women had labor dystocia and spontaneous preterm birth, respectively, and 90 women were included as controls. Labor dystocia was a risk factor for histological chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio, 6.3; 95% confidential interval, 1.9-20.5), histological chorioamnionitis stage ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-21.8), funisitis (adjusted odds ratio, 9.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-48.2), and funisitis stage ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 23.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-23.8). Spontaneous preterm birth was also a risk factor for histological chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-7.8), histological chorioamnionitis stage ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.9), and funisitis (adjusted odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-16.8). However, the adjusted odds ratio was smaller in spontaneous preterm births than in labor dystocia. Conclusion: Labor dystocia is a risk factor for severe histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis on long-term neonatal outcomes.
Integrative Analyses of Key Genes Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque Stability&nbsp;
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Yu Baixue , Wang Tao , Yang Xiaohu , Wang Chen , Fan Longhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Carotid plaque rupture with thrombosis is responsible for the majority of acute cerebrovascular events. The study aimed to identify key genes associated with plaque destabilization. In our study, expression profiles regarding carotid plaque stability (GSE41571 and GSE120521) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), key biological processes (BP) and intersecting pathways. And the expression of the DEGs was validated in clinical and cell samples. A total of 113 DEGs were identified and gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed. Among the BP annotations, changes in “extracellular matrix (ECM) were closely related to plaque stability. “Focal adhesion”, ECM -receptor interaction”, “vascular smooth muscle contraction” and “regulation of actin cytoskeleton” were key pathways associated with plaque stability. Genes with top 15 scores (CytoHubba) were selected as hub genes, including ACTA2, MYLK, CALD1, MYH10, ACE, HMOX1, CYBA, NOX4, LUM, RAC2, COL4A5, SDC1, UCP2, SORBS1, and FCER1G. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that selected hub genes were also significantly enriched in “vascular smooth muscle contraction” and “focal adhesion”. Further detection in tissue and cell samples suggested MYLK, NOX4, COL4A5, SDC1 and CYBA might have potential clinical significance.
Recent Trends in the Incidence of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma and Survival Outcomes: A SEER Analysis
Authors: Shrestha Anil , Maskey Niraj , Dong Xiaohui , Zheng Zongtai , Yang Fuhan , Wang Ruiliang , Ma Wenchao , Liu Ji , Li Cheng , Zhang Wentao , Mao Shiyu , Liu Shenghua , Yao Xudong , Guo Yadong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective. To investigate recent trends in the epidemiological and prognostic factors of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) which is considered a relatively rare tumor with a glycogen-rich phenotype. Methods. Patients with CCA from years 2000 to 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiological, and End Results (SEER) database. Relevant population data were used to analyze the rates age-adjusted incidence, age-standardized 3-year and 5-year relative survivals, and overall survival (OS). Results. Of the 104,206 CCA patients identified. The age-adjusted incidence of CCA increased 2.7-fold from the year 2000 (3.3/100,000) to 2016 (8.8/100,000). This increase occurred across all ages, races, stages, and grades. Of all these subgroups, the increase was largest in the grade IV group. The age-standardized 3-year and 5-year relative survivals increased during this study period, rising by 9.1% and 9.5% from 2000 to 2011, respectively. Among all the stages and grades, the relative survival increase was greatest in the grade IV group. According to multivariate analysis of all CCA patients, predictors of OS were: age, gender, year of diagnosis, marital status, race, grade, stage, and primary tumor site (P < 0.001). The OS of all CCA patients during the period 2008 to 2016 was significantly higher than that from 2000 to 2007 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.89; P < 0.001). Conclusions. The incidence of CCA and survival of these patients improved over time. In particular, the highest increases were reported for grade IV CCA, which may be due to an earlier diagnosis and improved treatment.
Selective Retina Therapy and Thermal Stimulation of the Retina: Different Regenerative Properties - Implications for AMD Therapy
Authors: Richert Elisabeth , Papenkort Julia , Burchard Claus von der , Klettner Alexa , Arnold Philipp , Lucius Ralph , Brinkmann Ralf , Framme Carsten , Roider Johann , Tode Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSelective Retina Therapy (SRT) and Thermal Stimulation of the Retina (TSR) have shown therapeutic effects on Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in mice. We investigate the differences between both laser modalities concerning RPE regeneration. MethodsFor PCR array, 6 eyes of apolipoprotein E and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2- like 2 knock out mice respectively were treated by neuroretina-sparing TSR or SRT. Untreated litter mates were controls. Eyes were enucleated either 1 or 7 days after laser treatment. For morphological analysis, porcine RPE/choroid organ cultures underwent the same laser treatment and were examined by calcein vitality staining 1 h and 1, 3 or 5 days after irradiation. ResultsTSR did not induce the expression of cell-mediators connected to cell death. SRT induced necrosis associated cytokines as well as inflammation 1 but not 7 days after treatment. Morphologically, 1 hour after TSR, there was no cell damage. One and 3 days after TSR, dense chromatin and cell destruction of single cells was seen. Five days after TSR, there were signs of migration and proliferation. In contrast, one hour after SRT a defined necrotic area within the laser spot was seen. This lesion was closed over days by migration and proliferation of adjacent cells. ConclusionsSRT induces RPE cell death, followed by regeneration within a few days, accompanied by necrosis induced inflammation, RPE proliferation and migration. TSR does not induce immediate RPE cell death; however, migration and mitosis can be seen a few days after laser irradiation, not accompanied by necrosis-associated inflammation.
Time to resuscitate cardiopulmonary resuscitation!&nbsp;The 3R/CPR: Refill-Recoil-Rebound.
Authors: Nour Sayed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a major health issue worldwide with a gloomy outcome due to the inadequate organs’ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Alternatively, we aim through the present work to expose our visions of SCA management and propose a new technique of cardiac massage, urging CPR experts around the world to conduct their in-depth reviews for the sake of patients.