bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early childhood caries and oral health‐related quality of life of Brazilian children: Does parents' resilience act as moderator?
Authors: Bittencourt Jéssica Madeira , Martins Letícia Pereira , Paiva Saul Martins , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Martins‐Júnior Paulo Antônio , Bendo Cristiane Baccin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Measures to reduce the prevalence of ECC cannot be taken without recognizing that oral health is influenced by biopsychosocial factors on individual and community levels.AimTo evaluate the impact of ECC on OHRQoL and moderation effect of parents' resilience.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study with 497 children (4‐6 years old) at preschools in Ribeirão das Neves, MG, Brazil. Parents self‐completed the Brazilian version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (B‐ECOHIS), the Resilience Scale and questionnaires about socioeconomic and oral health behaviour factors. Calibrated dentists conducted examinations for ECC (ICDASepi) and pulp consequences (pufa). Data analysis used multivariate Poisson regression for complex sample (P < .05).ResultsModel#1, adjusted for parents' resilience and socioeconomic factors, revealed that preschoolers with pulp involvement had 2.36 (95% CI: 1.60‐3.49) and fistula/abscess had 3.57 (95% CI: 2.23‐5.72) more prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL than preschoolers with ECC without pulp consequences. In Model#2, resilience was removed from the analysis and the strength of associations almost did not change (OHRQoL vs pulp involvement RP = 2.33;95% CI: 1.58‐3.43; OHRQoL vs fistula/abscess RP = 3.65;95% CI: 2.22‐5.99).ConclusionEarly childhood caries with pulp consequences had negative impact on OHRQoL of preschoolers and families, and it is not moderated by parents' resilience.
Maize genotypes with deep root systems tolerate salt stress better than those with shallow root systems during early growth
Authors: Wang Hao , Liang Liyan , Liu Shuo , An Tingting , Fang Yan , Xu Bingcheng , Zhang Suiqi , Deng Xiping , Palta Jairo A. , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Chen Yinglong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is susceptible to salinity but shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance. How maize genotypes with contrasting root morphological traits respond to salt stress remains unclear. This study assessed genotypic variation in salinity tolerance of 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root systems exposed to NaCl for 10 days (0, 50 mM or 100 mM NaCl, added in four increments every other day from 14 days after transplanting, DAT) in a semi‐hydroponic phenotyping system in a temperature‐controlled greenhouse. Considerable variation was observed for each of the 12 measured shoot and root traits among the 20 genotypes under NaCl treatments. Salt stress significantly decreased biomass production by up to 54% in shoots and 37% in roots compared with the non‐saline control. The 20 genotypes were classified as salt‐tolerant (8 genotypes), moderately tolerant (5) and salt‐sensitive (7) genotypes based on the mean shoot dry weight ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at 100 mM NaCl and non‐saline control) ± one standard error. The more salt‐tolerant genotypes (such as Jindan52) had less reductions in growth, and lower shoot Na+ contents and higher shoot K+/Na+ ratios under salt stress. The declared salt tolerance was positively correlated with shoot height, shoot dry weight and primary root depth, and negatively correlated with shoot Na+ content at 100 mM NaCl. Primary root depth is critical for identifying salt responsiveness in maize plants and could be suggested as a selection criterion for screening salt tolerance of maize during early growth. The selected salt‐tolerant genotypes have potentials for cultivation in saline soils and for developing high‐yielding salt‐tolerant maize hybrids in future breeding programmes.
Blood pressure measurement protocol determines hypertension phenotypes in a Middle Eastern population
Authors: Warda Hazem M. , Elshorbagy Amany K. , Habib Amira , Wagdi Ahmed , Mihailidou Anastasia S. , Warda Mamdouh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinic blood pressure (BP) measurement remains a crucial step in managing hypertension. While the number of measures recorded in different settings varies, with typically 1‐3 measures, there has been no prior justification for the actual number of measures required. We investigated the pattern of BP variability over 5 consecutive automated readings (R1‐R5) and the influence of patient characteristics on this pattern to identify the phenotype of hypertension in a Middle Eastern population. There were 1389 outpatients (51% men, 49% women), age range (18‐87 y) who had 5 unattended automated consecutive BP measurements with one‐minute intervals using the validated Datascope Mindray Passport V Monitor with the patient blinded from the results. Mean (±SEM) SBP for R1 (136.0 ± 2 mm Hg) was similar to R2 (136.2 ± 2 mm Hg). Thereafter SBP progressively declined till R5 by total of 5.5 mm Hg. The SBP decline was less (4.2 mm Hg) in older (>50 years) vs younger participants (8.1 mm Hg; P < .001) and was blunted in diabetic and hypertensive participants. Overall, 43% of participants had R2 > R1, and 24% additionally had R5 > R1. Age was a strong independent predictor of having both R2 > R1 and R5 > R1, as well as diabetes. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by average 2.8 mm Hg from R1 to R5. Females had a 5‐fold greater total decline in DBP vs males (P < .001). Using the mean of 5 BP measures resulted in fewer participants being classified as hypertensive (36% of the population) compared to using one measurement (46%), or established BP guidelines which use different combinations of R1‐R3 (37%‐42%). Our findings in a Middle Eastern population highlight the importance of the BP measurement protocol in combination with patient characteristics in determining whether a patient is diagnosed with hypertension. Protocols that rely on different combinations of only 3 measures (R1‐3) will classify more participants as hypertensive, compared to using 5 measures or disregarding a high R2.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection‐induced mucus secretion by down‐regulation of miR‐34b/c‐5p expression in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Du Xizi , Yang Yu , Xiao Gelei , Yang Ming , Yuan Lin , Qin Ling , He Ruoxi , Wang Leyuan , Wu Mengping , Wu ShuangYan , Feng Juntao , Xiang Yang , Qu Xiangping , Liu Huijun , Qin Xiaoqun , Liu Chi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere RSV infection is the main cause of hospitalization to children under the age of five. The regulation of miRNAs on the severity of RSV infection is unclear. The aim of the study was to identify the critical differential expression miRNAs (DE miRNAs) that can regulate the pathological response in RSV‐infected airway epithelial cells. In this study, miRNA and mRNA chips of RSV‐infected airway epithelia from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were screened and analysed, separately. DE miRNAs‐targeted genes were performed for further pathway and process enrichment analysis. DE miRNA‐targeted gene functional network was constructed on the basis of miRNA‐mRNA interaction. The screened critical miRNA was also investigated by bioinformatics analysis. Then, RSV‐infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were constructed to verify the expression of the DE miRNAs. Finally, specific synthetic DE miRNAs mimics were used to confirm the effect of DE miRNAs on the RSV‐infected HBECs. 45 DE miRNAs were identified from GEO62306 dataset. Our results showed that hsa‐mir‐34b‐5p and hsa‐mir‐34c‐5p decreased significantly in HBECs after RSV infection. Consistent with the biometric analysis, hsa‐mir‐34b/c‐5p is involved in the regulation of mucin expression gene MUC5AC. In RSV‐infected HBECs, the inducement of MUC5AC production by decreased hsa‐mir‐34b/c‐5p was partly mediated through activation of c‐Jun. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of mucus obstruction after RSV infection and represent valuable targets for RSV infection and airway obstruction treatment.
Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies
Authors: Bainbridge Hannah E. , Brien Melanie N. , Morochz Carlos , Salazar Patricio A. , Rastas Pasi , Nadeau Nicola J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMimetic systems allow us to address the question of whether the same genes control similar phenotypes in different species. Although widespread parallels have been found for major effect loci, much less is known about genes that control quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identify and compare the loci that control subtle changes in the size and shape of forewing pattern elements in two Heliconius butterfly co‐mimics. We use quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with a multivariate phenotyping approach to map the variation in red pattern elements across the whole forewing surface of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. These results are compared with a QTL analysis of univariate trait changes, and show that our resolution for identifying small effect loci is somewhat improved with the multivariate approach, but also that different loci are detected with these different approaches. QTL likely corresponding to the known patterning gene optix were found in both species but otherwise, a remarkably low level of genetic parallelism was found. This lack of similarity indicates that the genetic basis of convergent traits may not be as predictable as assumed from studies that focus solely on Mendelian traits.
Clinical decision‐making for shoulder surgery referral: An art or a science?
Authors: Taylor Karen , Baxter George D. , Tumilty Steve 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRationaleDecision‐making in musculoskeletal health care is complex, with discrepancy among clinical providers and variation in the per cent of referrals for specialist care. To date, there is an increased focus on specialist referrals, risking overuse of expensive testing and contributing to unnecessary treatment.Aims and ObjectivesThis report will considerer the difficulties of primary care musculoskeletal decision‐making using shoulder injuries as an example, presenting a solution based on multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis with online software. The associated issues involved in clinical decision‐making are complex. Contributing to the components of complexity are; the multifaceted aetiology of shoulders, the experience and knowledge of providers, and the burden of patient demands. Notwithstanding, funding considerations, resource allocation availability and other associated issues around clinical decision‐making. Considering the many facets and complexities of clinical decision‐making, this is an area where multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis (MCDM) may be appropriate. The MCDM analysis approach is increasingly being used in health care and can assist in the organizing and weighting of identified key clinical factors. MCDM could be applied to the challenges of musculoskeletal care with the potential to decrease decision‐making variability. Furthermore, the significance of each key clinical factor that musculoskeletal decision‐making is based on are to date unclear.ConclusionTherefore, this preliminary report offers a start towards clarifying key factors and an approach for implementing improved shoulder clinical care decision‐making which could then be adapted and applied to other body sites.
Review of antimicrobial peptides as promoters of food safety: Limitations and possibilities within the food industry
Authors: León Madrazo Anaí , Segura Campos Maira Rubi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of molecules that has gained interest in research due to their important role in the inhibition of bacterial agents. Their structure shows heterogeneity among the different types of AMPs. However, most of them stand out for their cationic nature and amphipathic character that allows them to interact with membrane components of bacterial cells. Some features such as high selectivity and thermostability have attracted the interest of the food industry toward the application of AMPs in food preservation due to their ability to inhibit foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Despite this, there is a limited number of AMPs used as food preservatives nowadays. Therefore, this review aims to offer an overview of AMPs, challenges, and potential applications in the food industry.
Eliciting Stance and Mitigating Therapist Authority in Open Dialogue Meetings
Authors: Ong Ben , Barnes Scott , Buus Niels 
Published: September 2020

Open Dialogue is a collaborative systemic approach to working with families in crisis. A core feature is the creation of dialogue through the elicitation of a multiplicity of voices. Using conversation analysis, we studied 14 hr of Open Dialogue sessions. We found that therapists recurrently produced utterances containing “I’m wondering.” These utterances topicalized particular issues and invited stance positions from other participants while also allowing the therapist to mitigate their deontic authority and present potentially disaligning stances. Therapists thus exercised authority in eliciting stances, but provided recipients with multiple avenues for responding. These findings illustrate that therapist authority is not necessarily antithetical to dialogue and, in well‐crafted forms, may even be necessary for the creation of polyphony through the elicitation of multiple stances.
Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies
Authors: Diniz Pereira Jessica , Gomes Fraga Vanessa , Morais Santos Anna Luiza , Carvalho Maria das Graças , Caramelli Paulo , Braga Gomes Karina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimilar to dementia, the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases with age, and T2DM also increases the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although T2DM is primarily a peripheral disorder and AD is a central nervous system disease, both share some common features as they are chronic and complex diseases, and both show involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in their progression. These characteristics suggest that T2DM may be associated with AD, which gave rise to a new term, type 3 diabetes (T3DM). In this study, we searched for matching peripheral proteomic biomarkers of AD and T2DM based in a systematic review of the available literature. We identified 17 common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both patients with AD or T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These biomarkers could provide a useful workflow for screening T2DM patients at risk to develop AD.
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Tissue clearing technique: Recent progress and biomedical applications
Authors: Tian Ting , Yang Zhaoyang , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganisms are inherently three dimensional, thus comprehensive understanding of the complicated biological system requires analysis of organs or even whole bodies in the context of three dimensions. However, this is a tremendous task since the biological specimens are naturally opaque, a major obstacle in whole‐body and whole‐organ imaging. Tissue clearing technique provides a prospective solution and has become a powerful tool for three‐dimensional imaging and quantification of organisms. Tissue clearing technique aims to make tissue transparent by minimizing light scattering and light absorption, thus allowing deep imaging of large volume samples. When combined with diverse molecular labeling methods and high‐throughput optical sectioning microscopes, tissue clearing technique enables whole‐body and whole‐organ imaging at cellular or subcellular resolution, providing detailed and comprehensive information about the intact biological systems. Here, we give an overview of recent progress and biomedical applications of tissue clearing technique. We introduce the mechanisms and basic principles of tissue clearing, and summarize the current tissue clearing methods. Moreover, the available imaging techniques and software packages for data processing are also presented. Finally, we introduce the recent advances in applications of tissue clearing in biomedical fields. Tissue clearing contributes to the investigation of structure‐function relationships in intact mammalian organs, and opens new avenues for cellular and molecular mapping of intact human organs. We hope this review contributes to a better understanding of tissue clearing technique and can help researchers to select the best‐suited clearing protocol for their experiments.
Reducing time between referral and diagnosis in paediatric outpatient neurodevelopmental and behavioural clinics
Authors: Creen Julie , Kennedy‐Behr Ann , Gee Kellee , Wilks Leigh , Verdonck Michele 
Published: September 2020

AimThis study investigated the impact of a transdisciplinary advanced allied health practitioner (AAHP) in a public hospital general paediatric outpatient department for children referred for concerns with neurodevelopment, learning and/or behaviour. It was hypothesised that time from referral to initial consultation and diagnosis was reduced for children initially assessed by AAHP. It was also hypothesised that children seen by AAHP were less likely to require a medical specialist appointment.MethodsDe‐identifiable data were gathered from hospital records both retrospectively and prospectively for each group. Data were collected from: 75 children who attended a medical consultation only clinic in 2014; 75 children who attended an AAHP clinic and a medical officer in 2014 and 75 children who attended an AAHP clinic and a medical officer 2 years after establishment in 2016/2017.ResultsOn average, 52% children were managed independently by the AAHP. Wait time from referral to consultation significantly decreased from 169 days to 48 days. Similarly, time from referral to diagnosis significantly reduced by almost a half, from 57.2 to 30.59 weeks.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence that utilisation of transdisciplinary AAHPs in general paediatric outpatient departments may reduce waitlists, reduce amount of medical specialist appointments required and provide earlier diagnosis for children with neurodevelopmental, behavioural and/or learning difficulties.
Sweat the small stuff: The human microvasculature and heart disease
Authors: Katunaric Boran , Cohen Katie E. , Beyer Andreas M. , Gutterman David D. , Freed Julie K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditionally thought of primarily as the predominant regulator of myocardial perfusion, it is becoming more accepted that the human coronary microvasculature also exerts a more direct influence on the surrounding myocardium. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) not only precedes large artery atherosclerosis, but is associated with other cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is also highly predictive of cardiovascular events in patients with or without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on this recent paradigm shift and delves into the clinical consequences of CMD. Concepts of how resistance arterioles contribute to disease will be discussed, highlighting how the microvasculature may serve as a potential target for novel therapies and interventions. Finally, both invasive and non‐invasive methods with which to assess the coronary microvasculature both for diagnostic and risk stratification purposes will be reviewed.
Late onset complete heart block after transcatheter aortic valve replacement treated with permanent His‐bundle pacing
Authors: Patel Sati , Jamoor Khaled , Khan Arfaat , Maskoun Waddah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a rapidly growing procedure. Conduction disease post‐TAVR is frequent and routinely monitored for periprocedurally. Permanent pacemaker placement is relatively common and usually associated with worse outcomes post‐TAVR. We report a case of very late presenting complete heart block post‐TAVR treated with His‐bundle pacing. Our case underscores the need for larger studies to further evaluate the utility of long‐term cardiac monitoring post‐TAVR and outcomes of His‐bundle pacing in this population.
Effects of Cost‐Information Transparency on Intertemporal Price Discrimination
Authors: Jiang Baojun , Sudhir K. , Zou Tianxin 
Published: September 2020

A firm’s product‐cost information is increasingly transparent to consumers as the firm itself or third parties publish such information, which reduces consumers’ uncertainty for the product’s cost. Using a dynamic model of firm pricing with forward‐looking consumer choices, this study assesses how cost transparency affects the firm’s intertemporal price discrimination and profit, as well as the consumers’ strategic waiting decisions and surplus. Ceteris paribus, if consumers believe a durable product has a lower cost, they will expect a larger future price drop and tend to delay purchases, impeding the firm’s ability to engage in intertemporal price discrimination. Without cost transparency, consumers may infer products with higher prices to have higher costs, giving a low‐cost firm incentives to mimic a high‐cost firm’s high price to encourage consumers to buy early. In contrast, a high‐cost firm may choose to distort its price to avoid a low‐cost firm’s price mimicry. Cost transparency reveals the product’s true cost to consumers, limiting the low‐cost firm’s ability to mimic prices. Thus, cost transparency will benefit (harm) a firm with a high (low) cost. In equilibrium, cost transparency will increase the firm’s sales volume and induce more consumers to buy the product earlier instead of later, attenuating strategic waiting by consumers. We also find that cost transparency can lead to higher prices and hurt consumers if the firm has a high cost. In expectation, cost transparency leads to higher firm profits and consumer surplus, facilitating a firm’s new product innovation.
Establishment of a multilevel linear model to analyse the factors affecting piglet litter performance at birth
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Ze‐Xue , Wu Ying‐Hui , Wei Hong‐Kui , Peng Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to establish a feasible model for analysing factors affecting piglet litter performance at birth. Data of 61,984 litters were collected from 16 herds, and general linear model (GLM), multilevel Poisson regression model (MPM) and multilevel linear model (MLM) were established to compare their goodness of fit for these data. Influencing factors of piglet litter performance at birth were analysed using the established optimal model. Results showed the intraclass correlation coefficients of total born piglets (TBP), piglets born alive (PBA), low‐birth‐weight piglets (LBW), and average birth weight of piglets (ABW) reached 27.89%, 23.88%, 24.66% and 22.27%, respectively (p < .05). Akaike's information criterion and Bayesian information criterion in MLM of TBP, PBA, LBW and ABW were lower than those in GLM. Pearson residuals in MPM increased to nearly 1 after introduction of a discrete scale factor, and the p values in MPM were similar to those in MLM. Analyses of MLM indicated crossbred sows with good management supplemented with oregano essential oil and farrowing at warm season had higher TBA, PBA and ABW, but lower LBW than other sows (p < .05). In conclusion, MLM is superior to GLM and can replace MPM in analysing discrete data with hierarchical structure in pig production. More importantly, other potential influencing factors of litter performance at birth can be analysed using the established MLM in the future.