bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Putative Repellent ‘Push’ and Attractive ‘Pull’ Components for Manipulating the Odour-orientation of Host-seeking Malaria Vectors in the Peri-domestic Space
Authors: Njoroge Margaret Mendi , Fillinger Ulrike , Saddler Adam , Moore Sarah , Takken Willem , Loon Joop van , Hiscox Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Novel malaria vector control approaches aim to combine tools to work in synergy for maximum protection. This study aimed to evaluate novel and re-evaluate existing, putative repellent ‘push’ and attractive ‘pull’ components for manipulating the odour-orientation of malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space. Methods Anopheles arabiensis outdoor human landing catches and trap comparisons were implemented in large semi-field systems to (1) test the efficacy of citriodiol or transfluthrin-treated fabric strips positioned in house eave gaps as push components for preventing bites; (2) understand the efficacy of an MB5-baited Suna-trap in attracting vectors in the presence of a human being; (3) assess 2-butanone as a CO2 replacement for trapping; and (4) determine the protection provided by a full push-pull set up. The air-concentrations of the chemical constituents of the push-pull mosquito control tool were quantified.Results Microencapsulated citriodiol eave strips did not provide any outdoor protection against host-seeking An. arabiensis. Transfluthrin-treated strips significantly reduced the odds of a mosquito landing on the human volunteer (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.12-0.23). This impact was lower (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.52-0.66) during the push-pull experiment which was associated with low night-time temperatures likely affecting the transfluthrin vaporisation. The MB5-baited Suna trap supplemented with CO2 attracted only a third of the released mosquitoes in the absence of a human being, however, with a human volunteer in the same system, the trap caught less than 1% of all released mosquitoes. The volunteer consistently attracted over two-thirds of all mosquitoes released. This was the case in the absence (‘pull’ only) and in the presence of a spatial repellent (‘push-pull’), indicating that in its current configuration the tested ‘pull’ does not provide a valuable addition to a spatial repellent. The chemical 2-butanone was ineffective in replacing CO2. Transfluthrin was detectable in the air space but with a strong linear reduction in concentrations over 5 metres from release. The MB5 constituent chemicals were only irregularly detected, potentially suggesting insufficient release and concentration in the air for attraction.Conclusion This step-by-step evaluation of the selected ‘push’ and ‘pull’ components led to a better understanding of their ability to affect host-seeking behaviours of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in the peri-domestic space and helps to gauge the impact such tools would have when used in the field for monitoring or control.
Lentinan Administration Alleviates Diarrhea of Rotavirus-Infected Weaned Pigs via Regulating Intestinal Immunity
Authors: Fan Xiangqi , Hu Haiyan , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , He Jun , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Eckhardt Erik , Luo Yuheng , Wang Jianping , Yan Hui , Mao Xiangbing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to verify whether lentinan (LNT) administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. MethodsTwenty-eight weaned pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg LNT product for 19 d (n = 14). RV infection was executed on d 15.ResultsDietary LNT supplementation supported normal function of piglets even when infected with RV, as reflected by reduced growth performance loss and diarrhea prevalence, and maintained gut immunity (P < 0.05). The polysaccharide was isolated from LNT product, whose molecular weight was 5303 Da, and major monosaccharides included glucose, arabinose and galactose. In RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, this polysaccharide significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05), and significantly increased anti-virus immunity via regulating pattern recognition receptors and host defense peptides (P < 0.05). ConclusionThose results suggest that LNT administration increases the piglets’ resistance to RV-induced stress, likely by supporting intestinal immunity.
Outcome of Hydrocephalus in Tuberculous Meningitis. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kanesen Davendran , Kandasamy Regunath , Hieng Albert Wong Sii , Tharakan John , Lim Chien Joo , Abdullah Jafri Malin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo study outcome of Hydrocephalus in Tuberculous Meningitis (TBMH) and factors associated with poor clinical outcome.MethodsClinical data of 143 adult patients diagnosed with TBM over a 6-year period in 2 tertiary hospitals in Malaysia were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant clinical and radiological data was studied. Patients with Hydrocephalus in TBM (TBMH) were further analysed based on their clinical grade and rendered treatment to identify prognostic factors and outcome of this subgroup of patients. The functional outcome of patients was assessed at 12 months from treatment.Results The mean age of patients was 35.6P12.4 year, with a male gender predominance of 67.1%. Forty four percent had TBMH, of which 42.9% had surgical intervention. In the good Modified Vellore Grade, 76.5% was managed medically with concurrent ATT, steroids and osmotic agents. Four patients had surgery early in the disease as they did not respond to medical therapy and reported a good outcome subsequently. Poor outcome (65.2%) was seen in the poor Modified Vellore Grade despite medical and surgical intervention. Multivariate model Multiple Cox Regression showed significant results for seizure (adjusted HR: 15.05, 95%CI: 3.73, 60.78), GCS (adjusted HR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.89) and CSF cell count (adjusted HR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.17).Conclusion Hydrocephalus was seen in 44% of patients in this study. GCS score, seizure and high CSF cell count were factors associated with a poor prognosis in TBM. Patients with TBMHM had better survival function compared to those with TBMHS (p value <0.001). This retrospective study emphasizes that TBMH is still a serious illness, as 47.6% of these patients had poor outcome despite adequate treatment.
The Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Dental Pulp in Modular Alginate-gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite Microcapsules
Authors: Alipour Mahdieh , Firouzi Nima , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Samiei Mohammad , Montazersaheb Soheila , Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Aghazadeh Zahra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Microcapsule is considered as a promising 3D microenvironment for Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) applications. Microencapsulation of cells in an appropriate scaffold not only protects cells against excess stress but also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. ResultsThe SEM results revealed that Alg/Gel microcapsules containing nHA showed a rough and more compact surface morphology in comparison with the Alg/Gel microcapsules. Moreover, microencapsulation by Alg/Gel/nHA could improve cell proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation. The cells cultured in the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules after 21 days showed 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold more activity of BMP-2 gene expression in comparison with the cells cultured on the polystyrene surface as a control group. These amounts for the BMP-2 gene were 2.5-fold and 4-fold more expression for the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules after 28 days. The nHA addition to hDPSCs-laden Alg/Gel microcapsule could also up-regulate the bone-related gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and RUNX-2 during 21 and 28 days culture period. Calcium deposition and ALP activities of the cells were observed in accordance with the proliferation results as well as the gene expression analysis. ConclusionThe study demonstrated that microencapsulation of hDPSCs inside Alg/Gel/nHA hydrogel can be a potential approach for regenerative dentistry in the near future.
Can Mechanical Injury Really Trigger Relapsing Polychondritis? The First Report From A Large Case Series
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yun Shuang , Wu Tiange , He Yujie , Guo Jinyan , Han Lishuai , Lu Jiameng , Liu Xiaojun , Yang Rui , Zhang Shitao , Li Tianfang , Liu Shengyun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The triggers of relapsing polychondritis (RPC) are not fully characterized. This study was performed to explore the association between mechanical injuries and RPC.Methods The history of mechanical injuries of 127 RPC patients was reviewed and confirmed. The characteristics and survivals of patients with mechanical injuries were analyzed. Results Fifty-four patients (42.5%) had 63 mechanical injuries, among which 17 were cartilage-related. Thirty mechanical injuries in 28 patients occurred in the preceding one year before disease onset. Patients with mechanical injuries(n=54) had a higher proportion of female gender (59.3% vs 38.4%, P=0.002) and similar features compared to those without injuries(n=73), regarding clinical manifestations and mortality rate. Among 54 patients with mechanical injuries, patients with cartilage related injury(n=17) had a significantly higher rate of tracheobronchial chondritis (64.7% vs 27%, P= 0.008), a significantly lower rate of auricular chondritis (35.3% vs 67.6%, P=0.026) and a relatively higher mortality rate(29.4% vs 8.1%, P=0.041) compared with those with non-cartilage related injury(n=37).Conclusion Our findings suggest that both cartilage-related and non-cartilage related injury may be triggers of RPC and patients with cartilage related injury seem to be more severe than those without.
Projection-Mapping-Based Object Pointing Using a High-Frame-Rate Camera-Projector System
Authors: Ishii Idaku , Kumar Deepak , Raut Sushil , Shimasaki Kohei , Senoo Taku 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An informative object pointing method using a spatiotemporal-modulated pattern projection is proposed to recognize and localize pointed objects by using a distantly located high-frame-rate vision system. We developed a prototype for projection-mapping-based object pointing that consists of an AI-camera-enabled projection (AiCP) system used as a transmitter, for informative projection mapping, and an HFR vision system operated as a receiver. The AiCP system detects multiple objects in real time at 30 fps with a CNN-based object detector, and simultaneously encodes and projects the recognition results of the detector as 480-Hz-modulated light patterns on to the objects to be pointed. The multiple 480-fps cameras can directly recognize and track the objects pointed at by the AiCP system without camera calibration or complex recognition methods by decoding the brightness signals of pixels in the images. To demonstrate the eectiveness of our proposed method, several desktop experiments using miniature objects and scenes were conducted under various conditions.
Barriers and Drivers to Service Delivery in Global Mental Health Projects
Authors: Qureshi Onaiza , Endale Tarik , Ryan Grace , Miguel-Esponda Georgina , Iyer Srividya N. , Eaton Julian , De Silva Mary , Murphy Jill 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Research within global mental health (GMH) has extensively documented how contextual factors like political instability, poverty and poorly-funded health infrastructures continue to compromise effective and equitable mental health service delivery. There is a need to develop more feasible and evidence-based solutions through implementation research. This paper, one in a series pertaining to implementation in GMH projects worldwide, focuses on implementation factors influencing mental health service delivery.Methods: This is a qualitative study carried out as part of a Theory of Change-driven evaluation of Grand Challenges Canada’s (GCC’s) global mental health portfolio. Purposive sampling was used to recruit twenty-nine GCC grantees for interviews. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to guide the interviews which were recorded and subsequently transcribed. Transcripts were double-coded and analyzed in NVIVO 11 using framework analysis. This paper reports results related to detection and treatment of mental illness, mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness.Results: Key barriers included: lack of appropriate human resources and expertise for service delivery; lack of culturally appropriate screening tools and interventions; and difficulties integrating services with the existing mental health system. Formative research was a key driver facilitating the cultural adaptation of mental health detection, treatment, promotion and preventative approaches. Recruiting local providers and utilizing mHealth for improving screening, monitoring and data management were also found to be successful approaches in reducing workforce burden, improving sustainability, mental health literacy, participant engagement and uptake.Conclusions: The study identifies a number of key barriers to and drivers of successful service delivery from the perspective of grantees implementing GMH projects. Findings highlight several opportunities to mitigate common challenges, providing recommendations for strengthening systems- and project-level approaches for delivering mental health services. Further, more inclusive research is required to inform guidance around service delivery for successful implementation, better utilization of funding and improving mental health outcomes among vulnerable populations in low-resource settings.
&nbsp;Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic US Population&nbsp;
Authors: Rigatti Steven , Stout Robert L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Methods: We performed SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with the Roche e602 SARS CoV-2 Immuno system on 50,257 consecutive life insurance applicants who were having blood drawn for the purpose of underwriting mortality risk. Other variables included height, weight, and blood pressure at the time of the blood draw, a history of smoking and common chronic diseases (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer).Results: The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.0%, and was fairly consistent across the age range and similar in males and females. Geographical distribution revealed a very high level of positivity in the state of New York compared to all other areas (17.1%). Using US Census state population data to adjust state specific rates of positivity, it is estimated that this level of seropositivity would correspond to 6.98 million (99% CI: 6.56-7.38 million) SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US, which is 3.8 times the cumulative number of cases in the US reported to the CDC as of June 1, 2020.Conclusions: The estimated number of total SARS-CoV-2 infections based on positive serology is substantially higher than the total number of cases reported to the CDC. There is no apparent increase of risk of infection for individuals self-reporting, smoking, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension or cancer.
Análisis de Isótopos estables en restos óseos humanos y de fauna en los sitios arqueológicos del Holoceno temprano y medio Tequendama y Aguazuque (sabana de Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Triana Vega Angélica Viviana , Casar Isabel , Morales Pedro , Salinas Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

Algunos estudios arqueológicos sobre los procesos de cambio social de las sociedades que existieron durante el Holoceno temprano y medio en Colombia han tenido lugar en la Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia). La investigación llevada a cabo por G. Correal y T. van der Hammen en los sitios arqueológicos de Tequendama y Aguazuque son ejemplos relevantes. Estos autores recopilaron información importante de artefactos líticos, restos de plantas, alfarería y esqueletos humanos y de animales que proporcionan información sobre las formas de vida de los humanos que habitaron estos sitios. En 2014, un nuevo estudio se centró en la re-excavación de los sitios de Tequendama y Aguazuque a través de nueve columnas de 50x50 cm. Esta excavación se llevó a cabo para obtener información arqueobotánica e identificar el acceso a los recursos que poseían los pobladores de estos dos sitios.
Este documento presentará los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de isótopos estables obtenidos a partir de restos óseos humanos y de fauna para aproximarnos a la dieta de algunos de los habitantes que ocuparon los sitios arqueológicos de Tequendama y Aguazuque, los cuales presentan una ocupación entre el Holoceno temprano y medio y la transición de la caza y recolección a los primeros procesos de horticultura y agricultura en dichos sitios.
Przemiany misji i funkcji uniwersytetu
Authors: Krajewska Anna 
Published: September 2020

Przedmiotem analiz w tym opracowaniu są przemiany misji i funkcji uniwersytetu będące skutkiem zmieniających się warunków politycznych, społecznych, ekonomicznych i kulturowych w kolejnych stuleciach. W związku z tym dokonano charakterystyki rozwoju i misji uniwersytetu w średniowieczu i wskazano przemiany tej instytucji w XIV – XVI wieku, kiedy ukształtowały się główne jego typy: niemiecki, brytyjski i amerykański, jak również przemiany misji tej instytucji w okresie międzywojennym. Ponadto obszarem zainteresowań są uwarunkowania polityczne, społeczne i ekonomiczne, które spowodowały rozwój i przemiany misji uniwersytetu na przełomie XX i XXI wieku.
Obowiązki organów administracji publicznej w zakresie recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji
Authors: Jabłoński Maciej 
Published: September 2020

Organy administracji publicznej w ramach swoich kompetencji posiadają uprawnienia do administracyjnego regulowania spraw związanych z recyklingiem pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji. Przyznanie takich kompetencji jest efektem regulacji skutków postępu cywilizacyjnego w zakresie produkcji, użytkowania i wycofywania z eksploatacji pojazdów mechanicznych. Dlatego też, aby nie dochodziło do niezgodne ze standardami ochrony środowiska wycofywania pojazdów z obrotu, ustawodawca unormował ten proces, pozostawiając go pod kontrolą administracji publicznej.
Proces modelowania spływów wodnych
Authors: Biernat Krzysztof , Pytlak Joanna 
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes the process of modelling water runoff, including the phenomena responsible for the modification of the riverbed. First of all, it examines the morphology of rivers and water relations prevailing in the stream. The article also discusses the goals and techniques of [ood control. The article may be the subject of further discussion on the effect of modification of watercourses on the environment.
Withdrawal Notice: Nano Sensors: Designing and Fabrication, Applications for Flexible Devices and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Shoukat Aleena , Iqbal Tahir , Ayub Asma , Saff-e Awal  , Kanwal Hajra , Fiaz Alina , Saif Wajiha , Sagir Muhammad , Abrar Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

The article has been withdrawn by the publishers because the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to approve the final version of the manuscript.

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Neurobrucellosis: A Case Report with an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Meshref Mostafa , Amro Yara , Ebada Mahmoud A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Brucellosis is a highly infectious multi-systemic zoonosis,
and it is caused by Gram-negative bacteria, Brucella. Despite the low incidence
of neurobrucellosis, it is the most dangerous consequence of brucellosis.

Case Presentation:
A 30-year-old Sudanese male patient presented to our hospital
with a complaint of fever associated with confusion for three days. He had
signs of meningeal irritation in the form of neck stiffness, positive Kernig’s, and
Lesage’s sign. The computerized tomography of the brain was normal. The CSF
analysis showed a clear colorless sample with normal tension, decreased glucose,
and slightly increased CSF protein level. We reviewed his occupational history;
the patient was a farmer with regular contact with cattle and camels. The patient
had positive Brucella antibodies for both B. Abortus and B. melitensis with a
high titer (1/640). As described in various patents, we administered triple therapy
for brucellosis for two weeks. A marked improvement in the conscious level was
observed, and the patient was back to normal within a few days post-treatment.

Conclusions:
We encouraged physicians to consider the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis
with any neurologic sign without a known cause. Our case highlights the importance
of occupational history in clinical medicine.
Assessing Patient Safety Culture: Application of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in a Kenyan Setting
Authors: Mbuthia Nickcy , Moleki Mary 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Patient safety has recently been declared a global health priority. Achievement and sustenance of a culture of patient safety require a regular and timely assessment of the organization. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire is a patient safety culture assessment tool whose usefulness has been established in countries, but a few studies have been published from Africa, more so, in Kenyan settings.

Objective:
To evaluate the reliability of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in assessing the patient safety culture in a Kenyan setting and to assess healthcare workers' perceptions of patient safety culture.

Methods:
A descriptive quantitative approach was utilized whereby the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire was administered to 241 healthcare workers in two public hospitals. The Cronbach’s α was calculated to determine the internal consistency of the SAQ. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze and describe the data on patient safety culture.

Results:
The total scale Cronbach’s alpha of the SAQ was 0.86, while that of the six dimensions was 0.65 to 0.90. The overall mean score of the total SAQ was 65.8 (9.9). Participants had the highest positive perception for Job Satisfaction with a mean score of 78.3 (16.1) while the lowest was evaluated for Stress Recognition with a mean score of 53.8 (28.6).

Conclusion:
The SAQ demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and is suitable for use in the Kenyan context. The perception of patient safety culture in the Kenyan hospital is below international recommendations. There is a need for implementation of strategies for the improvement of the organization culture in Kenyan hospitals.