bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum uric acid, influence of sacubitril–valsartan, and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil , Claggett Brian L. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Desai Akshay S. , Mc Causland Finnian R. , McGrath Martina M. , Anand Inder S. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Kober Lars , Janssens Stefan , Cleland John G.F. , Pieske Burkert , Rouleau Jean L. , Zile Michael R. , Shi Victor C. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: August 2020

AimsThis study aimed to determine the prognostic value of serum uric acid (SUA) on outcomes in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and whether sacubitril–valsartan reduces SUA and use of SUA‐related therapies.Methods and resultsWe analysed 4795 participants from the Prospective Comparison of ARNI [angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor] with ARB [angiotensin‐receptor blockers] Global Outcomes in HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction (PARAGON‐HF) trial. We related baseline hyperuricaemia (using age and gender adjusted assay definitions) to the primary outcome [cardiovascular (CV) death and total HF hospitalizations]. We assessed the associations between changes in SUA and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score (KCCQ‐OSS) and other cardiac biomarkers from baseline to 4 months. We simultaneously adjusted for baseline and time‐updated SUA to determine whether lowering SUA was associated with clinical benefit. The mean (± standard deviation) age of patients was 73 ± 8 years and 52% were women. After multivariable adjustment, hyperuricaemia was associated with increased risk for the primary outcome [rate ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–1.90]. The treatment effect of sacubitril–valsartan for the primary endpoint was not significantly modified by hyperuricaemia (P‐value for interaction = 0.14). Sacubitril–valsartan reduced SUA by 0.38 mg/dL (95% CI 0.31−0.45) compared with valsartan at 4 months, with greater effect in those with elevated SUA vs. normal SUA (−0.51 mg/dL vs. −0.32 mg/dL) (P‐value for interaction = 0.031). Sacubitril–valsartan reduced the odds of initiating SUA‐related treatments by 32% during follow‐up (P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, change in SUA was inversely associated with change in KCCQ‐OSS and directly associated with high‐sensitivity troponin T (P < 0.05). Time‐updated SUA was a stronger predictor of adverse outcomes than baseline SUA.ConclusionsSerum uric acid independently predicted adverse outcomes in HFpEF. Sacubitril–valsartan reduced SUA and the initiation of related therapy compared with valsartan. Reductions in SUA were associated with improved outcomes.
Process inference from topographic fractal characteristics in the tectonically active Northwest Himalaya, India
Authors: Sahoo Ramendra , Singh R.N. , Jain Vikrant 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTopography evolves under the coupled effect of exogenic and endogenic governing factors, and their scale‐(in)variant dynamics. This results in a self‐affine topography across a finite range, with a characteristic fractal dimension. Fractal analysis has been used to classify geological terrains having distinct litho‐tectonic settings. However, process‐based understanding of the fractal behaviour of a natural landscape is still limited. The current study aims to substantiate and expand upon the present knowledge of topographic response to the complex actions of the governing factors using fractal characteristics. We examined the association between the litho‐tectonic, climatic settings and the fractal characteristics of the topography in the tectonically active Northwest Himalaya. Our analysis was carried out in three separate sectors having diverse litho‐tectonic settings. We used the roughness–length method to calculate the fractal parameters (fractal dimension, D; ordinate intercept, q). The Higher and the Lesser Himalaya were found to be characterized by low D and high q, while the tectonically active Sub Himalaya was found to have moderate D and low q. The southernmost foreland alluvial plains were characterized by high D and low q. Clusters of the fractal parameters were found to be consistent in spatial pattern across the three sectors. Our results showed that the geological–geomorphological settings and the associated processes (e.g. uplift, erosion and diffusion) can be well inferred using the fractal characteristics of the topography. Further, our results implied first‐order control of lithology in sustaining and shaping the topographic geometry (both its amplitude and texture) in the tectonically active Northwest Himalaya. The spatial distribution of the fractal parameters also suggested the secondary control of tectonic uplift and, to a much lesser extent, mean annual rainfall on the topographic geometry. These results collectively point to the role of complex actions of the governing factors in the landscape evolution process. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Within- and Among-Clutch Variation of Yolk Perfluoroalkyl Acids in a Seabird from the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Parolini Marco , Cappelli Francesca , De Felice Beatrice , Possenti Cristina Daniela , Rubolini Diego , Valsecchi Sara , Polesello Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are surface-active agents used in diverse industrial and commercial applications. They contaminate both freshwater and marine ecosystems, are highly persistent, and accumulate through trophic transfer. Seabirds are exposed to environmental contaminants due to their high trophic position in food webs and relatively long lifespan. We measured levels of 10 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in egg yolks of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) breeding in the northern Adriatic Sea (Northeast Italy). We examined variations in PFAAs within clutches (between eggs of different laying order) and among clutches. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the most abundant yolk PFAA (mean = 42.0 ng/g wet wt), followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 3.8 ng/g wet wt) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDa; 2.8 ng/g wet wt). The ∑PFAAs averaged 57.4 ng/g wet weight, ranging between 26.5 and 115.0 ng/g wet weight. The PFAA levels varied substantially among clutches (0.29–0.79 of the total variation), whereas the effects of laying order were considerably weaker (0.01–0.13). Egg-laying order effects were detected for ∑PFAAs, PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and PFDoDa, whereby the last-laid eggs exhibited lower PFAA concentrations than early-laid eggs. Our results indicate that seagulls from the northern Adriatic basin deposit measurable amounts of PFAAs in their eggs. The large among-clutches differences in PFAAs suggest that exposure of yellow-legged gull females to these compounds is highly variable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:744–753. © 2020 SETAC
Transfer and Transcriptomic Profiling in Liver and Brain of European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) After Diet-borne Exposure to Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Perrier Fanny , Bertucci Anthony , Pierron Fabien , Feurtet-Mazel Agnès , Simon Olivier , Klopp Christophe , Candaudap Frédéric , Pokrovski Oleg , Etcheverria Bruno , Mornet Stéphane , Baudrimont Magalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A nanometric revolution is underway, promising technical innovations in a wide range of applications and leading to a potential boost in environmental discharges. The propensity of nanoparticles (NPs) to be transferred throughout trophic chains and to generate toxicity was mainly assessed in primary consumers, whereas a lack of knowledge for higher trophic levels persists. The present study focused on a predatory fish, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to gold NPs (AuNPs; 10 nm, polyethylene glycol–coated) for 21 d at 3 concentration levels in food: 0 (NP0), 1 (NP1), and 10 (NP10) mg Au kg−1. Transfer was assessed by Au quantification in eel tissues, and transcriptomic responses in the liver and brain were revealed by a high-throughput RNA-sequencing approach. Eels fed at NP10 presented an erratic feeding behavior, whereas Au quantification only indicated transfer to intestine and kidney of NP1-exposed eels. Sequencing of RNA was performed in NP0 and NP1 eels. A total of 258 genes and 156 genes were significantly differentially transcribed in response to AuNP trophic exposure in the liver and brain, respectively. Enrichment analysis highlighted modifications in the immune system–related processes in the liver. In addition, results pointed out a shared response of both organs regarding 13 genes, most of them being involved in immune functions. This finding may shed light on the mode of action and toxicity of AuNPs in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2450–2461. © 2020 SETAC
Stochastic channel models for massive and extreme large multiple‐input multiple‐output systems
Authors: May Taniguchi Lígia , Abrão Taufik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, stochastic channel models for massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (M‐MIMO) and extreme large MIMO (XL‐MIMO) system applications are described, evaluated, and systematically compared. This work aims to cover new aspects of M‐MIMO stochastic channel models in a comprehensive and systematic way. For that, we compare different models, presenting graphically and intuitively the behavior of each model. Each M‐MIMO channel model emulates the environment using different methodologies and properties. Using metrics such as capacity, SINR, singular values decomposition, and condition number, one can understand the influence of each characteristic on the modeling and how it differentiates from other models. Moreover, in new XL‐MIMO scenarios, where the near‐field and visibility region effects arise, our finding demonstrate that for the two assumed schemes of clusters distribution, the clusters location influences the performance of the conjugate beamforming and zero‐forcing precoding due to the correlation effect, which have been analyzed from the geometric M‐MIMO channel models.
Production technology of late Roman decorated tableware from the Vesuvius environs: Evidence from Pollena Trocchia (Campania region, Italy)
Authors: Germinario Chiara , Cultrone Giuseppe , De Bonis Alberto , De Simone Girolamo F. , Gorrasi Michele , Izzo Francesco , Langella Alessio , Martucci Caterina S. , Mercurio Mariano , Morra Vincenzo , Vyhnal Christopher R. , Grifa Celestino 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe northern slope of Mt. Vesuvius contains some interesting archaeological sites, including the site discovered in the town of Pollena Trocchia, where the remains, dated to between the 79 and 472 CE eruptions, document the transition from the Roman to late Roman cultural and socioeconomic settings. Profound changes occurred in this time interval, which can be inferred from changes in the ceramic manufacturing processes. Common wares, as the most widespread ceramic class in the archaeological record, are a useful example that illustrates this technological transformation. Seventeen samples of tableware, distinguished into three ceramic classes according to the method of slip application (i.e., Slipped Ware, Painted Ware “a straccio,” and Painted Ware), were analyzed. The results highlight the use of high‐CaO clayey raw materials compositionally similar to Apennine clayey deposits. The clay bodies were occasionally tempered with sandy‐silt materials composed of volcanic grains with lesser amounts of siliciclastic fragments. Firing temperatures ranged from 800 to 950°C, as suggested by quantitative X‐ray powder diffraction and microstructural analyses combined with colorimetric measurements of the ceramic bodies. Micro‐Raman analyses performed on slips revealed the use of ochre for decorating the vessels; it was applied in a different way, representing an actual technological change.
Determining the number and distribution of intraparotid lymph nodes according to parotidectomy classification of European Salivary Gland Society: Cadaveric study
Authors: Sönmez Said , Orhan Kadir Serkan , Kara Erdoğan , Büyük Melek , Aydemir Levent , Asliyüksek Hızır 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the distribution of the parotid gland's intraglandular lymph nodes using the parotidectomy zones determined by the parotidectomy classification of the European Salivary Gland Society (ESGS).Materials and MethodsA total of 128 parotid glands were dissected from 64 fresh cadavers, by bilateral parotidectomy without additional incision within the standard autopsy procedure, and categorized.ResultsEighty‐six percent of the IGLNs were located in the superficial lobe and 14% in the deep lobe. An average of 7.09 ± 3.55 IGLNs were found for each of the gland; there were 6.11 ± 3.28 in the superficial lobe and 0.98 ± 1.46 in the deep lobe. While the most common lymph nodes were found in level 2 with 47.7%, only 5% of IGLNs were at level 4. According to the proposed modification, the most common lymph nodes (35.24%) were located at level 2B.ConclusionLevel 2B was found to contain significantly more lymph nodes than other levels, which has not been evaluated before in literature.
Mapping sexual orientation research in management: A review and research agenda
Authors: Byington Eliza K. , Tamm Georg F. B. , Trau Raymond N. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAttitudes, norms, and laws regarding sexual orientation are undergoing a worldwide revolution. Managers and HR professionals play a key role in responding to these changes, and managing issues related to sexual orientation diversity in organizations. As such, the amount of management scholarship on sexual orientation has been rapidly growing to help inform practice. However, at present, the literature is fragmented across management specialty areas. This makes it difficult to have an overview of what has been learned to date, and detect research opportunities. Thus, this article aims to provide the first integrative review of sexual orientation research across the management field over 23 years. We use bibliometric techniques to (a) systematically identify and map 111 topics in this literature (map downloads from:https://bit.ly/SOTopicMap), (b) identify topic trends and topic citation rates, and (c) derive an inductive taxonomy of major topic clusters. We then identify key theories and relationships in the literature, review key findings for scholars and practitioners, and identify future research directions. Among these, we highlight the need to incorporate sexual orientation as a standard demographic question in management research, and highlight best practices for doing so from other scientific fields.
Toenail selenium, plasma selenoprotein P and risk of advanced prostate cancer: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Outzen Malene , Tjønneland Anne , Hughes David J. , Jenab Mazda , Frederiksen Kirsten , Schomburg Lutz , Morris Steve , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow selenium status may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PC), particularly aggressive PC, and variation in selenoprotein genes may constitute an important modifying factor. We aimed to investigate the association between two selenium status biomarkers [toenail selenium, plasma selenoprotein P (SELENOP)] and risk of advanced, high‐grade and advanced‐stage PC. We further studied whether variations in selenoprotein genes were associated with PC risk and selenium biomarker concentrations. In the “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort, 27 178 men aged 50 to 65 years were enrolled from 1993 to 1997. Between baseline and 2012, 1160 cohort participants were diagnosed with advanced PC; among these 462 had high‐grade and 281 had advanced‐stage disease at diagnosis. Each case was risk set‐matched to one control. Toenail selenium and plasma SELENOP concentrations were measured by neutron activation analysis and a SELENOP‐ELISA, respectively, and genotyping was performed for 27 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 selenium pathway genes (including seven selenoproteins) by allele‐specific PCR. Toenail selenium and circulating SELENOP concentrations were not associated with advanced, high‐grade or advanced‐stage PC. After adjustment for multiple testing, none of the genes were associated with PC risk. Neither toenail selenium nor plasma SELENOP was associated with advanced, high‐grade or advanced‐stage PC.
Increased FURIN expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its anti‐inflammatory effect
Authors: Cao Rong , Zhang Ying , Du Juping , Chen Shuaishuai , Wang Na , Ying Haijian , Shen Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFURIN belongs to the proprotein convertase family that processes proproteins and is involved in many diseases. However, the role of FURIN in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the association between circulating FURIN and disease activity in patients with RA and the effect of FURIN in THP‐1‐derived macrophages.MethodsA total of 108 RA patients and 39 healthy controls participants were included in this study. RA patients were divided into four disease activity groups determined by the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). FURIN expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum was detected by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Western blotting and qRT‐PCR were used to detect cytokines level after interfering FURIN expressed in THP‐1‐derived macrophages.ResultsBoth FURIN mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy controls participants (P < .001). No significant difference in FURIN expression was observed among the four RA groups (P > .05). Spearman correlation revealed that FURIN positively correlated with transforming growth factor‐β1(TGF‐β1), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP). Moreover, the inhibition of FURIN in THP‐1‐derived macrophages promoted the caspase‐1 and IL‐1β expression (P < .05).ConclusionFURIN levels were significantly increased in the peripheral blood of RA patients and were not associated with disease activity. The inhibition of FURIN in THP‐1‐derived macrophages with elevated IL‐1β levels shows that FURIN may have an anti‐inflammatory effect.
Severe Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia patients showed signs of aggravated renal impairment
Authors: Gao Menglu , Wang Qianying , Wei Jianhao , Zhu Zhaoqin , Li Haicong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis objective of this study was to identify a sensitive indicator of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.MethodsSamples were collected from 136 patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia admitted to the Shanghai public health clinical center (116 mild, 20 severe). The concentrations of serum urea, Uric Acid (UA), Creatinine (CREA), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and urine protein (Pro) have been tested in this study.ResultsHigher levels of urea (female 7.00 ± 3.31, male 8.87 ± 5.18) Pro (female7/7, male 12/13), hs‐CRP (female 2/7, male 5/13) ESR (female 94.43 ± 33.26, male 67.85 ± 22.77) were found in severe patients compared with the mild (urea: female 3.71 ± 1.00, male 4.42 ± 1.14; Pro: female 3/46, male 12/70; hs‐CRP: female 1/46, male 3/70; ESR: female 43.32 ± 33.24, male 21.64 ± 21.82). UA is lower in the severe group (female 146.90 ± 54.01, male 139.34 ± 66.95) than in mild group (female 251.99 ± 64.35, male 339.81 ± 71.32). CREA and PCT did not show a significant difference between mild and severe patients, but the difference among the five biological markers (urea, Pro, hs‐CRP, ESR, and UA) between mild and severe patients we tested was small (P < .05).ConclusionSevere COVID‐19 patients had higher levels of urea and Pro, while their UA levels were lower, reflecting poor kidney function in severe patients. However, higher levels of hs‐CRP, ESR indicated that inflammatory responses were more active in severe patients.
Chromatin regulators in retinoblastoma: Biological roles and therapeutic applications
Authors: Lee Chunsik , Kim Jong Kyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular tumor mostly occurring due to the biallelic loss of RB1 gene in the developing retina. Early studies of genomic aberrations in RB have provided a valuable insight into how RB can progress following the tumor‐initiating RB1 mutations and have established a notion that inactivation of RB1 gene is critical to initiate RB but this causative genetic lesion alone is not sufficient for malignant progression. With the advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, we now have access to the comprehensive genomic and epigenetic landscape of RB and have come to appreciate that RB tumorigenesis requires both genetic and epigenetic alterations that might be directly or indirectly driven by RB1 loss. This integrative perspective on RB tumorigenesis has inspired research efforts to better understand the types and functions of epigenetic mechanisms contributing to RB development, leading to the identification of multiple epigenetic regulators misregulated in RB in recent years. A complete understanding of the intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulation of gene expression during RB tumorigenesis remains a major challenge but would be crucial to translate these findings into therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will provide an overview of chromatin regulators identified to be misregulated in human RB among the numerous epigenetic factors implicated in RB development. For a subset of these chromatin regulators, recent findings on their functions in RB development and potential therapeutic applications are discussed.
Transitioning from pre‐clinical to clinical dental radiology, a pilot study: Student perceived influences on confidence
Authors: Johnson K. Brandon , Kiser Jessica , Mauriello Sally M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionProducing radiographic images requires the use of ionizing radiation, which has been well documented for its potentially detrimental effects on human tissues. Therefore, dental hygiene students begin their radiographic training by practicing on manikins in a pre‐clinical environment. Use of manikins does not allow for patient interaction factors. No published dental studies have examined factors important in helping dental hygiene students develop confidence during the transition from manikins to working with live patients in a clinical radiology setting.Purpose/objectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify students’ perceived influences on confidence and ultimately on performance when transitioning from a pre‐clinical radiology setting to working with live patients. Specific research questions that were answered by this qualitative study were (1) What pre‐clinical radiographic experiences did students feel were beneficial for transitioning from manikins to live patients? (2) What were the primary factors that students felt they struggled with when initially taking radiographs on patients?MethodsA qualitative study design was implemented in 2017. Data were obtained from students in a 2‐year dental hygiene program. Survey responses, focus group feedback, and observation data were used to identify common themes. Emergent themes were reported using frequencies, emic and etic expressions.ResultsFour themes surfaced surrounding patient management, communication, appointment mechanics, and infection control.ConclusionThe use of standardized simulated patients may enhance clinical preparedness and confidence.