bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum dot mode-locked frequency comb with ultra-stable 25.5  GHz spacing between 20°C and 120°C
Authors: Pan Shujie , Huang Jianou , Zhou Zichuan , Liu Zhixin , Ponnampalam Lalitha , Liu Zizhuo , Tang Mingchu , Lo Mu-Chieh , Cao Zizheng , Nishi Kenichi , Takemasa Keizo , Sugawara Mitsuru , Penty Richard , White Ian , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Chen Siming 
Published: September 2020

Semiconductor mode-locked lasers (MLLs) are promising frequency comb sources for dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) data communications. Practical data communication requires a frequency-stable comb source in a temperature-varying environment and a minimum tone spacing of 25 GHz to support high-speed DWDM transmissions. To the best of our knowledge, however, to date, there have been no demonstrations of comb sources that simultaneously offer a high repetition rate and stable mode spacing over an ultrawide temperature range. Here, we report a frequency comb source based on a quantum dot (QD) MLL that generates a frequency comb with stable mode spacing over an ultrabroad temperature range of 20–120°C. The two-section passively mode-locked InAs QD MLL comb source produces an ultra-stable fundamental repetition rate of 25.5 GHz (corresponding to a 25.5 GHz spacing between adjacent tones in the frequency domain) with a variation of 0.07 GHz in the tone spacing over the tested temperature range. By keeping the saturable absorber reversely biased at

−
2

V

, stable mode-locking over the whole temperature range can be achieved by tuning the current of the gain section only, providing easy control of the device. At an elevated temperature of 100°C, the device shows a 6 dB comb bandwidth of 4.81 nm and 31 tones with

>
36

dB

optical signal-to-noise ratio. The corresponding relative intensity noise, averaged between 0.5 GHz and 10 GHz, is

−
146

dBc
/
Hz

. Our results show the viability of the InAs QD MLLs as ultra-stable, uncooled frequency comb sources for low-cost, large-bandwidth, and low-energy-consumption optical data communications.
Engineering a light–matter strong coupling regime in perovskite-based plasmonic metasurface: quasi-bound state in the continuum and exceptional points
Authors: Lu Leran , Le-Van Quynh , Ferrier Lydie , Drouard Emmanuel , Seassal Christian , Nguyen Hai Son 
Published: September 2020

We present theoretically the formation of exciton–photon polaritons and exciton-surface plasmon polaritons in a perovskite-based subwavelength lattice on the metallic plane. It is shown that the later polaritons will be achieved as the perovskite layer is ultra-thin (

<
50

nm

), while the co-existence of both polaritons will dominate, as the thickness of the perovskite metasurface approaches wavelength-scale. In the two cases, the lower polaritonic branches consist of dark and bright modes corresponding to infinite and finite radiative quality factors, respectively. Another salient property in this work is that it allows one to obtain exceptional points (EPs) in momentum space with a four-fold enhancement of local density of states through engineering the perovskite metasurface. Our findings show that the perovskite metasurface is an attractive and rich platform to make polaritonic devices, even with the presence of a lossy metallic layer.
America in the Round: Capital, Race, and Nation at Washington, DC’s Arena Stage, Donatella Galella (2019)
Authors: Gelles Barrie 
Published: September 2020

Review of: America in the Round: Capital, Race, and Nation at Washington, DC’s Arena Stage, Donatella Galella (2019)
Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, ix + 303 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-60938-625-2, p/bk, $99.00
CURRENT APPROACH TO ACUTE APENDICITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sá George Wallisson Severo de , Batista Hermes Melo  Teixeira , Rolim Francisco Felippe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. It may have complications such as abscess, rupture, phlegmon. It affects more men. The diagnosis is eminently clinical and complementary exams may be used for doubtful or complicated cases. Abdominal computed tomography is the main complementary exam. As for treatment, there are three approaches, the first conservative with antibiotics; the second, which consists of appendectomy; and the third, which consists of initial conservative treatment, the second with interval appendectomy. Laparoscopic appendectomy has stood out with greater emphasis on treating complicated appendicitis due to better postoperative outcomes and lower complication rate. Keywords: 1. Appendicitis; 2. Laparoscopy; 3.Interval Appendicectomy 4. Phlegmon.
Convergence of Rhetoric, Labour, and Play in the Construction of Inactive Discourses on Twitch
Authors: Catá Alexandra S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Twitch is a complex space that involves both laborious play and “playbour” through the commodification of streamers time and the gamification of streamer interaction through emotes and bits. As a result, this creates a rhetorical space where celebrity, race, and gender are tension points that reflect disproportionate power structures on Twitch. Coupled with the fact that Twitch also functions as the main broadcast platform for esports tournaments, understanding how streamers rhetorically position themselves and interact with audiences as content creators, streamers, celebrities, and, for some, esports athletes it is important as video games increasingly become a mainstream form of entertainment. In addition to examining streamers, we also need to understand how average audiences, both casual, non-competitive gamers, and mainstream audiences will consume and react to streamer discussions and discourse and how that impacts attitudes in the community, particularly in relation to toxicity towards minorities. My paper uses Tyler “Ninja” Belvin’s statement “I don’t play with female gamers” (Frank 2018) as a rhetorical case study for examining rhetorical power, celebrity, and privilege on Twitch. I ultimately argue that Twitch is a site of laborious play and “playbour” that perpetually remains socially inactive in supporting and accepting minorities on the platform. To support this argument, I use Carolyn Miller’s “Genre as Social Action” (1984) to situate the rhetorics around this situation using her features (context, recursive patterns, discourse, mediation, and exigence) to analyse two interviews with Ninja, labour and commodification structures on Twitch, and Twitch chat. Through these, I identify the rhetorical implications of Ninja’s statements, how it affects the Twitch gaming community, and reveal a complex power structure that ultimately fails to acknowledge the streamers’ rhetorical power and influence while continuing to perpetuate toxic gaming attitudes towards minorities.
Faktor Risiko Internal dan Eksternal Preeklampsia di Wilayah Kabupaten Pati Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kasriatun Kasriatun , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Nugraheni Sri Achadi 
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPenyebab utama kematian ibu di Kabupaten Pati dalam tiga tahun terakhir adalah preeklampsia. Pada tahun 2016, 35% kasus kematian ibu disebabkan oleh preeklampsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia di Wilayah Kabupaten Pati. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Subjek sejumlah 40 kasus preeklampsia dan 120 kasus non preeklampsia dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Data asupan makanan diperoleh dari FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Analisis data dilakukan dengan chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor risiko terjadinya preeklampsia adalah faktor risiko internal : riwayat keluarga preeklampsia (OR=6,74; 95%CI:2,54-17,89, obesitas (OR=2,68; 95%CI:1,29-5,60), riwayat hipertensi (OR=7,4; 95%CI:2,91-18,82), stress (OR=2,64; 95%CI:1,26-5,51), dan faktor risiko eksternal: asupan anti oksidan yang rendah (OR=3,71; 95%CI:1,23-11,19), asupan natrium berlebih (OR=2,54; 95%CI:1,14-5.67), paparan asap rokok (OR=2,43; 95%CI:1,14-5,17). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan riwayat keluarga preeklampsia (OR=5,32; 95%CI:1,63-17,40), obesitas (OR=4,01; 95%CI:1,60-10,09, riwayat hipertensi (OR=7,38; 95%CI:2,32-23,45), stress atau kecemasan (OR=3,30; 95%CI:1,31-8,33), asupan anti oksidan yang rendah (OR=4,22; 95%CI:1,13-15,74) secara bersama-sama merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia. Variabel yang bukan merupakan faktor risiko preeklampsia adalah usia ibu, paritas, dan penambahan berat badan berlebihan selama kehamilan. Disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling kuat adalah riwayat hipertensi ibu sebelum kehamilan. Disarankan agar memasukkan riwayat hipertensi, riwayat keluarga preeklampsia, obesitas, dan stres dalam anamnese pelayanan antenatal untuk mendeteksi dini preeklampsia.
Co-localization analysis in fluorescence microscopy via maximum entropy copula
Authors: Farsani Zahra Amini , Schmid Volker J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Co-localization analysis is a popular method for quantitative analysis in fluorescence microscopy imaging. The localization of marked proteins in the cell nucleus allows a deep insight into biological processes in the nucleus. Several metrics have been developed for measuring the co-localization of two markers, however, they depend on subjective thresholding of background and the assumption of linearity. We propose a robust method to estimate the bivariate distribution function of two color channels. From this, we can quantify their co- or anti-colocalization. The proposed method is a combination of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and a Gaussian Copula, which we call the Maximum Entropy Copula (MEC). This new method can measure the spatial and nonlinear correlation of signals to determine the marker colocalization in fluorescence microscopy images. The proposed method is compared with MEM for bivariate probability distributions. The new colocalization metric is validated on simulated and real data. The results show that MEC can determine co- and anti-colocalization even in high background settings. MEC can, therefore, be used as a robust tool for colocalization analysis.
Intraoperative fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green: retrospective evaluation and detailed analysis of our single-center 5-year experience focused on colorectal surgery
Authors: Marquardt Christoph , Kalev Georgi , Schiedeck Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Assessing bowel perfusion with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) shows positive effects on anastomotic healing in colorectal surgery.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation of 296 colorectal resections where we performed ICG-FA was undertaken from January 2014 until December 2018. Perfusion of the bowel ends measured with ICG-FA was compared to the visual assessment before and after performing the anastomosis. According to the observations, the operative strategy was confirmed or changed. Sixty-seven low anterior rectal resections (LARs) and 76 right hemicolectomies were evaluated statistically, as ICG-FA was logistically not available for every patient in our service and thus a control group for comparison resulted.

Results
The operative strategy based on the ICG-FA results was changed in 48 patients (16.2%), from which only one developed an anastomotic leakage (AL) (2.1%). The overall AL rate was calculated as 5.4%. Within the 67 patients with LAR, the strategy was changed in 11 patients (16.4%). No leakage was seen in those. In total three AL happened (4.5%), which was three times lower than the AL rate of 13.6% in the control group but statistically not significant. From the 76 right hemicolectomies a strategy change was undertaken in 10 patients (13.2%), from which only one developed an AL. This was the only AL reported in the whole group (1.3%), which was six times lower than the leakage rate of the control group (8.1%). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.032).

Conclusions
Based on the positive impact by ICG-FA on the AL rate, we established the ICG-FA into our clinical routine. Although randomized studies are still missing, ICG-FA can raise patient safety, with only about 10 min longer operating time and almost no additional risk for the patients.
Why’d You Have to Choose Us? On Jews and Their Jokes
Authors: Gini Al , Singer Abraham 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Humor, laughter, joke telling can be frivolous fun or it could act as a sword and a shield to defend and protect us against life. Humor can, at times, illuminate if not completely explain, some of the irresoluble problems and mysteries that individuals face. And, if all else fails, humor can hold off our fear of the unanswerable and the unacceptable. Historically it can be argued that during times of trial, tribulations, and suffering, Jewish communities and individuals have used humor as a way to cope with and deal with reality.
Last Laughs and Dead Ends: How to Get Death’s Goat, or Let’s Put the “Yin” Back in Dying
Authors: Marinoff Lou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article’s purpose is to illustrate ways in which renowned philosophers, statesmen, and poets—as well as family members and friends of this author—utilized humor to express fearlessness of or contempt for death, or indeed to mock others’ fears of dying or tendencies to treat death too seriously. If Sigmund Freud was correct in hypothesizing that humor is the ego’s defense against life’s affronts, and if death poses the greatest possible affront to life, then jokes about death are the strongest protests we can lodge against our own mortality.
A cognitive approach to semantic approximations in monolingual English-speaking children
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Lorena , Duvignau Karine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper represents a foray into the largely unexplored territory of the cognition of semantic approximations in first language acquisition. Current advances on cognitive modelling are applied to a corpus of 500 semantic approximations produced by 20 children between 1;06 and 5;00 years old. The results reveal that a large number of those semantic approximations are the output of a set of cognitive operations including those ofcomparison and correlation(i.e. metaphorical projections),domain expansion and reduction(i.e. metonymic mappings), andmitigation and strengthening(i.e. scalar operations). Far for being an impediment to communication, most semantic approximations in our data are found to help children capitalize on their incomplete lexical pool, maximizing its communicative potential. The set of cognitive strategies involved is available from an early age, underlying the use of language throughout our lifespan, and adapting its functions to diverse communicative needs in different stages of our lives.
Shifting genres: Rendering bad language in the Polish voice-over of the Canadian drama American Heist
Authors: Rędzioch-Korkuz Anna Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is devoted to the problem of translating bad language in cases when the target audience recipient has direct access to the source text and the impact translational and editorial choices have on the overall meaning of the work. As an illustration of this point, it discusses a voice-over translation, in which case it is common practice to censor vulgarities, mainly by means of under-translating certain phrases, which are considered taboo, or omitting them completely. Such choices are justified for a number of reasons, including protecting vulnerable audiences or reducing semantic density because most taboo words exercise a phatic function. However, in certain cases censoring bad language has an impact on the semiotic make-up of the work and thus, changes the meaning intended by the original author. A good illustration is provided with the analysis of particular scenes from the Canadian drama American Heist.
The lexicalization of the adjective class as an innovative feature in the Indo-European family
Authors: Alfieri Luca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe threefold division noun-verb-adjective is often considered a hallmark of the IE family from the remote PIE phase. However, Alfieri (2016, 2018, forth.) claims that this view is incorrect: while in Latin three major classes of lexemes are found (nouns, verbs and adjectives), in the Sanskrit language of the Rig Veda only two major classes are found (verbal roots and nouns) and the most typical “adjective” (i.e. the Quality Modifier) is a derived stem built on a verbal root meaning a quality. As a consequence, a deep and previously neglected typological change should be reconstructed in the IE family, namely the lexicalization of the adjective class and the change from a parts of speech (PoS) system “without” adjectives and quality concepts verbally encoded, which is still preserved in the RV, to a PoS system with “true” adjectives, which is found in Latin and in almost all other, especially modern and Western, IE languages. In this case, the data in Alfieri (2016, 2018, forth.) are confirmed focusing on the Quality Argument and the Quality Predicate, so as to show that the presence of a lexical class of adjectives is a common development that has come about independently in different branches of the IE family.
Marking of quality modifiers in 2nd-generation IE languages
Authors: Keidan Artemij 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn PIE, quality modifiers were expressed by stative verbs and nominal epithets, rather than by special adjectival lexemes. Adjectives did not form a separate lexical class. This made the encoding of the NP constituency less explicit. If we consider what I suggest calling “second-generation IE languages” we can observe a general tendency to create new, more explicit morphological means of dependency marking within a NP. The exact outcomes of this diachronic process vary from one language to another. However, if we parametrise the variation, a common pattern becomes clearly observable. In all the languages analysed in the present paper, there is a pronoun undergoing grammaticalisation as a dependency marker. What varies is (1) the position of this element with respect to the nominal base (pre- vs. postposed); (2) the degree of agglutination (bound morpheme vs. clitic vs. free morpheme); and (3) the locus of marking (head vs. modifier vs. double or alternant marking); (4) the source morpheme that undergoes grammaticalisation (relative vs. demonstrative pronoun).
Effect of protocatechuic acid against renal ischemia reperfusion damage on extracellular matrix integrity and related signal pathways
Authors: Yıldız Fatma , Şentürk Hakan , Uyanoğlu Mustafa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
In this study, possible protective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against experimentally-induced acute renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rats, on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the associated signal transduction pathways were investigated.

Methods
A total of 3–4 month-old, 200–250 g Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups of five (n=7). A right kidney nephrectomy surgery was conducted to all groups under anesthesia. Rats were administered polyethylene glycol 1 h prior to ischemia (Group I, II) and PCA (Group III, IV, V) intraperitoneally. Forty five minutes before the ischemia during 24 h reperfusion on all rats except those in Group I. At the end of the experiment, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine values and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme levels were investigated in blood serum. MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression levels were determined by RT-PCR, and p38 and p-p38 protein expression levels Western blotting method. Renal tissue was examined histologically and immunohistochemically.

Results
It is assumed that 80 and 120 mg/kg of PCA might have a protective effect against oxidative stress damage caused by renal I/R.

Conclusion
In our study, PCA has been shown to modulate the increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA along with increased oxidative stress during renal I/R, as well as oxidative damage-induced p38 protein expression. It was determined that particularly 120 mg kg−1 PCA reduced the renal I/R injury at a rate of 35–45%.
Rapid Changes in Movement Representations during Human Reaching Could Be Preserved in Memory for at Least 850 ms
Authors: Mathew James , Lefevre Philippe , Crevecoeur Frederic 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHumans adapt to mechanical perturbations such as forcefields (FFs) during reaching within tens of trials. However, recent findings suggested that this adaptation may start within one single trial, i.e., online corrective movements can become tuned to the unanticipated perturbations within a trial. This was highlighted in previous works with a reaching experiment in which participants had to stop at a via-point (VP) located between the start and the goal. An FF was applied during the first and second parts of the movement and then occasionally unexpectedly switched off at the VP during catch trials. The results showed an after-effect during the second part of the movement when participants exited the VP. This behavioral result was interpreted as a standard after-effect, but it remained unclear how it was related to conventional trial-by-trial learning. The current study aimed to investigate how long do such changes in movement representations last in memory. For this, we have studied the same reaching task with VP in two situations: one with very short residing time in the VP and the second with an imposed minimum 500 ms dwell time in the VP. In both situations, during the unexpected absence of the FF after VP, after-effects were observed. This suggests that online corrections to the internal representation of reach dynamics can be preserved in memory for around 850 ms of resting time on average. Therefore, rapid changes occurring within movements can thus be preserved in memory long enough to influence trial-by-trial motor adaptation.
Central American and Caribbean Consensus for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and Therapeutic Attitudes Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Díaz Alejandro , Gracia Fernando , Monterrey-Alvarez Priscilla , Sirias Baca Adda V. , Santos Biany , Enamorado Temis , Vásquez-Céspedes Johana , Parajeles-Vindas Alexander , Ramírez-Navarro Deyanira , Díaz de la Fe Amado , Portillo-Rivera Ligia , Ramíres Nidia Eunice , Rivera Victor M. 
Published: September 2020

Therapeutic decisions for multiple sclerosis have become more complex in the Central American and Caribbean region (CAC), with new treatments appearing every year but with well-known limitations in terms of access and application. Concomitantly, the advent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, with an increasing number of cases in the region, has increased the need for a consensus on therapeutic decisions to be made for people with multiple sclerosis. Under these circumstances, a reference framework is needed to gather current information to assist neurologists in making therapeutic decisions.
An evidence-based consensus on the use of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis was proposed and accomplished by the Central American and Caribbean Multiple Sclerosis Forum (FOCEM), including recommendations for treatment during the pandemic. Using the consensus panel development methodology, after a bibliographic review of the best quality and actualized information, a final report was written; this includes statements that reached more than 70% consensus among the panel of experts.
The recommendations encompass indications for drugs available for multiple sclerosis, definitions of therapeutic failure, patient follow-up, factors of poor prognosis, discontinuation of treatment, treatment during pregnancy and lactation and specific recommendations to apply during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.