bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of polarization-averaged core-level molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: I. A full-potential method and its application to dissociating carbon monoxide dication
Authors: Ota F , Yamazaki K , Sébilleau D , Ueda K , Hatada K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (PA-MFPADs) emitted from the 1s orbital of oxygen atoms of dissociating dicationic carbon monoxide CO2+. Due to the polarization average, the contribution of the direct wave of the photoelectron, which represents the largest contribution to the MFPADs, is removed, so that the PA-MFPADs clearly show the details of the scattering image of the photoelectron. As a result, it is necessary to employ an accurate theory for the theoretical analysis of the continuum state. In this study, we apply a full-potential multiple scattering theory, where the space is partitioned into Voronoi polyhedra and truncated spheres, to take into account the electron charge density outside the physical atomic spheres. We do not use the spherical harmonic expansion of the cell shape functions to avoid divergence problems. The potentials in the scattering cells are computed using the multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory restricted active space method to take into account the influence of the core hole in the electron charge density in the final state, so that a realistic relaxation can be achieved. We show that the full-potential treatment plays an important role in the PA-MFPADs at a photoelectron kinetic energy of 100 eV. In contrast, the PA-MFPADs are not sensitive to any type of major excited states in the Auger final state. We also study the dynamics of the CO2+ dissociation. We find that the PA-MFPADs dramatically change their shape as a function of the C–O bond length.
Transforming domain motion for 3D racetrack memory with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Honda Syuta , Sonobe Yoshiaki , Greaves Simon John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Domain-wall motion type magnetic memories are expected to be among the next generation of magnetic recording devices and vertical-NAND memories. In particular, three-dimensional race track memory (3D-RM), which extends vertically from a substrate is important for high integration. We propose a vertical 3D-RM loop consisting of two horizontal and two vertical nanowires in which the magnetic anisotropy is perpendicular to the substrate. The horizontal nanowires contain perpendicularly magnetized domains and Néel type domain walls (DWs). The vertical nanowires contain longitudinally magnetized domains with head-to-head or tail-to-tail DWs. DW motion is demonstrated using micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. We find that a DW can pass around a corner while deforming its own shape. The threshold current density to push a DW around a corner has a maximum value for wire thickness of about 10 nm.
Tunneling magnetoresistance in ensembles of ferromagnetic granules with exchange interaction and random easy axes of magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Beltukov Y M , Kozub V I , Shumilin A V , Stepina N P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the tunneling magnetoresistance in the ensembles of ferromagnetic granules with random easy axes of magnetic anisotropy taking into account the exchange interaction between granules. It is shown that due to the exchange interaction magnetoresistance is effectively decoupled from magnetization, i.e. the strongest negative magnetoresistance can be observed at the field where magnetization is almost saturated. Under some conditions, the sign of magnetoresistance can be reversed and tunneling magnetoresistance can become positive at certain magnetic fields. Our theory agrees with measurements of magnetoresistance in ensembles of Fe granules in SiC
x
N
y
matrix.
Validation and uncertainty analysis of a reduced self-calibrating method for pitch measurements of cylindrical gears
Authors: Keller F , Stein M , Kniel K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The three-rosette method is a well-established self-calibrating error-separation method used for highly accurate pitch calibrations of cylindrical gears on coordinate measuring machines or gear measuring machines. It is based on the principle of circle closure and uses multiple measurements in different relative positions of the gear with respect to the measuring device. However, since its measurement effort is proportional to the square of the number of teeth, the method is of limited usability for gears with a large number of teeth. In this paper, a reduced method which requires much fewer measurements is described. This method is based on the same error model and is still self-calibrating. The measurement uncertainties for this method are only slightly higher than for the complete method. After an introduction to the three-rosette method, this paper describes the impact of the number and choice of the measured relative positions on the measurement uncertainty. Moreover, the problem of an erroneously determined gear axis is addressed. Finally, the effectiveness of the reduced three-rosette method is shown in intercomparison measurements with four participants. The obtained E

n
scores show that the reduced three-rosette method allows pitch calibrations with nearly the same accuracy as can be achieved with the complete method. The reduced three-rosette method is part of the TraCIM online service (https://tracim.ptb.de) of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) allowing software manufacturers or calibration laboratories to obtain a certificate for their algorithms of the reduced three-rosette method after a successfully performed software test. Moreover, calibration laboratories can receive accreditation by the German national accreditation body (DAkkS) for pitch calibrations performed by using the reduced three-rosette method.
Subaperture stitching wavelength scanning interferometry for 3D surface measurement of complex-shaped optics
Authors: Seo Yong Bum , Joo Ki-Nam , Ghim Young-Sik , Rhee Hyug-Gyo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subaperture stitching wavelength scanning interferometry with a high-accuracy multi-axis position stage is proposed for measuring complex surface shapes such as aspherical and freeform optics. Typical optical approaches suffer due to poor fringe visibility when it comes to complex-shaped optics. Our proposed technique allows a proper solution to this challenging issue by keeping the optical probe perpendicular to the surface slope, which provides good fringe visibility during the wavelength scan regardless of how steep the surface is. Also, the full-aperture surface map of a test sample can be obtained by stitching multiple subaperture measurement results with high precision. We tested and verified our method by measuring several representative samples and comparing the measurement results with a well-established stylus method.
Antimony oxide nanostructures in the monolayer limit: self-assembly of van der Waals-bonded molecular building blocks
Authors: Märkl Tobias , Salehitaleghani Sara , Le Ster Maxime , Kowalczyk Pawel J , Wang Xiaoxiong , Wang Peng , Snyder Matthew , Bian Guang , Chiang Tai-Chang , Brown Simon A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antimony oxide nanostructures have been identified as candidates for a range of electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here we demonstrate the growth of 2-dimensional antimony oxide nanostructures on various substrates, including highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), MoS2 and α-Bi(110) nanoislands. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) we show that the nanostructures formed are exclusively highly crystalline α-Sb2O3(111) monolayers with a lattice constant of 796 pm ± 7 pm. The nanostructures are triangular with lateral dimensions of up to ∼30 nm. Even though elemental antimony nanostructures are grown simultaneously mixed phases are not observed and both materials exhibit their own distinct growth modes. Moiré patterns are also observed and simulated, allowing confirmation of the atomic unit cell and an understanding of the orientation of the Sb2O3 structures with respect to the supporting materials. As in the bulk, the Sb2O3 nanostructures are formed from Sb4O6 molecules that are weakly interacting through van der Waals forces. This allows physical modification of the nanostructures with the STM tip. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals a wide band gap of at least 3.5 eV. Finally, we show that possible alternative structures that have unit cells comparable to those observed can be excluded based on our DFT calculations. The considered structures are a 2 × 2 reconstruction of β-Sb with one vacancy per unit cell and a van der Waals solid composed of Sb4 clusters. Previous reports have predominantly demonstrated Sb2O3 structures with much larger thicknesses.
Statistical analysis of vehicular accidents and alternatives for critical points
Authors: Rojas Suárez J P , Prada Botía G C , Orjuela Abril M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There are different factors that can cause a vehicular accident, starting with the carelessness of the driver or pedestrian, putting in risk his life and the life of third parties; by roads in bad conditions and lack of signaling, without warning him of the adversities that continue in the road, for this reason, the research work was developed on the causes of road accidents in four sectors, compiling information on the roads corresponding to the proposed streets and avenues, followed by defining the possible causes of the problems in the critical sites and thus defining the potential factors of an accident. Finally, solutions are proposed to reduce the percentages of vehicle accidents at the critical points found, decreasing the indicators of accident and mortality in this vehicle sector, giving people peace of mind when leaving their homes.
Aeroelastic and sloshing stability of slender hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Qiao Haiyan , Yang Ya , Meng Hao , Ke Wei , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of the coupling between the rigid body mode and elastic mode caused by the light structure design and slender geometry of the hypersonic vehicle, and the influence of the liquid sloshing on the aircraft. In order to analyze the complex dynamics of hypersonic vehicle, the nonlinear dynamic model of a flexible vehicle is established in the case of the vehicle’s elastic deformation. The yields terms that produce nonlinear coupling between the elastic deflections, liquid sloshing and the rigid-body motion parameters are obtained by Lagrangian approach. Then, the equations are reduced to a linear set for stability analysis. Finally, some numerical simulations are given that reveal a destabilizing influence of elastic deflections and liquid sloshing at stability for a particular vehicle configuration.
Experimental investigation of a five-spring vibration isolator
Authors: Liu Shuyong , Su Pan , Yang Lihua , Feng Xuejiao , Liu Haisong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to suppress low frequency vibration more effectively, a quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation device is designed by using five parallel linear springs. The stiffness characteristic of the system is analyzed, and the quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) condition of the system is given. The dynamic behavior analysis of the system is analyzed by harmonic balance method, and the force transmissibility is obtained. The effects of damping ratio and excitation force on the system transfer rate are analyzed. In order to verify the vibration isolation performance of QZS vibration system, a series of experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the low frequency vibration isolation performance of the QZS vibration system is much better than that of the corresponding linear system.
An investigation of soft impacts on selected aerospace grade alloys based on Johnson-Cook Material Model
Authors: Azeem Aslam Muhammad , Ke Zhang , Rayhan Saiaf Bin , Faizan Muhammad , Mamuda Bello Inuwa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In aerospace industry, metallic alloys are regularly used to manufacture various components ranging from stabilizers to engine shafts. These components must withstand foreign objective damage (FOD), which includes bird strikes, hail, ice, or any metal or concrete debris from the runway. In this current research, some selected aerospace grade alloys, namely, Al-2024-T3, Al-7075-T6, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel-718, which are regularly used to build potential aircraft components exposed to bird strike (otherwise known as soft impact) phenomena, is numerically tested to investigate their ability to resist the collision under two different impact velocities (117 m/s and 147 m/s). Finite element explicit code Ansys is adopted to run the test cases. Johnson-Cook flow stress and damage parameters are selected to model the alloy materials while Mooney-Rivlin parameters are utilized to represent the Lagrange bird model. From the investigation, it is found that the Inconel-718 plate is the best candidate to resist the bird impact and further analysis reveals that it can withstand an impact velocity of 327 m/s without being penetrated. Apart from Inconel-718 alloy, both Al-2024-T3 and Ti-6Al-4V plates are found to be damaged at the impact velocity of 147 m/s, while Al- 7075-T6 is completely penetrated even at a lower impact velocity, 117 m/s. Finally, some recommendations and future research directions are suggested based on numerical outcomes.
An epidemic model with the closed management in Chinese universities for COVID-19 prevention
Authors: Wang Chaoqian , Huang Chaochao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 has deeply changed people’s way of life. While the anti-epidemic work in Chine has been successful, many Chinese universities still prohibit students from leaving the campus. In the meanwhile, faculty and staff can be on or off campus at will. This paper establishes an SI model to describe such a phenomenon. It is assumed that the latent population in society is a tiny constant, to which only a fraction of university population is exposed. Due to the closed management, a single individual cannot be exposed to the university and social population at the same time. A set of differential equations are proposed, and the standard solution is found. The results show that the entire closeness makes the virus not transmit in the university, and partial closeness leads the virus to spread on campus. By numerical simulation, the latent proportion as a function of different off-campus-allowed proportions is presented. It is found that to minimize the latent proportion, as many individuals should be allowed to be off-campus as possible when they are less likely to leave the campus, and there exists optimum allowed proportion when they are more likely to leave the campus. Furthermore, based on theoretical analysis, a quantitative formula describing the optimum allowed proportion in the general situations is given, providing the university administration with a method to calculate the optimum policy.
Research on women’s career choice based on MADM with IFS
Authors: Lv Zhiying , Gong Jixing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Role positioning of women is an important research topic, which seriously affects women’s life path. This paper constructs three-way decision models based on intuitive multi-attribute decision making method (MADM) to help women choose roles. First, by analysing the factors that affect the role positioning of modern women, the decision-making evaluation system is constructed. Second, decision attribute values for every female are given by intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS). Third, the conditional possibilities of becoming a professional female is computed combined with the attribute weights. Finally, each female’s role is defined by comparing conditional probabilities and decision initial values computed by loss functions.
Various formulations of inequivalent Leggett–Garg inequalities
Authors: Kumari Swati , Pan A K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In two-party, two-input and two-output measurement scenario only relevant Bell’s inequality is the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) form. They also provide the necessary and sufficient conditions (NSCs) for local realism. Any other form, such as, Clauser–Horne and Wigner forms reduce to the CHSH one. The standard Leggett–Garg inequalities, proposed for testing incompatibility between macrorealism and quantum theory, are often considered to be the temporal analog of CHSH inequalities. However, they do not provide the NSCs for macrorealism. There is thus scope of formulating new macrorealist inequalities inequivalent and stronger than the standard Leggett–Garg inequalities. In this paper, we propose two different classes of macrorealistic inequalities. A class of inequalities which are equivalent to the standard ones in macrorealist model but inequivalent and stronger in quantum theory, and the other class of inequalities are inequivalent to the all the other formulations of Leggett–Garg inequalities both in macrorealist model and in quantum theory. The latter class of macrorealist inequalities reveals the incompatibility between macrorealism and quantum theory for specific cases even when any other formulation of Leggett–Garg inequalities fails to do so. We extend the formulations of inequivalent Leggett–Garg inequalities to the four-time and two-time measurement scenarios. Further, we provide a brief discussion about the alternative formulation of macrorealism known as the no-signaling in time (NSIT) conditions.
Providing pharmacy services in a basketball arena: Reflections on building a pharmacy in a COVID-19 surge facility
Authors: Warr Dillon , Storey Eileen , Denys Mark , Brown Suzanne , Rose Christina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
As Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has spread globally, hospital systems have seen an increasing strain on their ability to accommodate the growing caseload. This demand has led countries to adopt varying surge-facility or alternate care site (ACS) models to manage patient overflow. This report describes the experience of setting up pharmacy services at a city-run surge facility in Philadelphia.

Summary
The COVID-19 Surge Facility at the Liacouras Center (CSF-L) was initially developed to serve as a site for patients convalescing from acute inpatient stays in order to free up healthcare resources in surrounding hospitals. The CSF-L site required a distinct set of services to provide the desired level of care. This report details the preparations and challenges faced by the CSF-L pharmacy team in this endeavor, including identifying a pharmacy location that met regulatory requirements, obtaining proper licenses, coordinating drug procurement, filling staffing requirements, developing a formulary, defining the pharmacy and medication management workflow, and ensuring safety protocols were followed. This report explains the rational for developing certain processes and suggests alternative options and ideal plans for developing future pharmacy services in an ACS.

Conclusion
Identifying a pharmacy leadership team early in the ACS planning process can lead to more efficient plans for pharmacy services. This report details the important steps taken, decisions made, and challenges faced in setting up pharmaceutical services at a COVID-19 field hospital.
The permissible scope of witness testimony in arbitral hearings—five proposed rules
Authors: Risse Jörg , Baumann Antje 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
At least one surprise occurs in every arbitral hearing. One of those surprises is when a witness testifies beyond what has been submitted in his written witness statement. Often, such ‘out-of-scope’ testimony is unexpected, astonishing, and crucial for the outcome of the case. Surprisingly, the adequate handling of such unexpected testimony is unchartered territory: neither arbitral statutes, institutional rules nor the ever-expanding arbitral soft law addresses this important issue. This article reviews if and when arbitral tribunal should permit or reject such ‘out-of-scope’ testimony. The article establishes five clear-cut rules to deal with that issue.
The cost-effectiveness of one-time opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation in different age cohorts of inhabitants in Denmark aged 65 years and above: a Markov modelled analysis
Authors: Sciera Lucca Katrine , Frost Lars , Dybro Lars , Poulsen Peter Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of one-time opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) in general practice in citizens aged ≥65 years in Denmark compared to a no-screening alternative following current Danish practice.

Methods and results
A decision tree and a Markov model were designed to simulate costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in a hypothetical cohort of citizens aged ≥65 years equivalent to the Danish population (1 M citizens) over the course of 19 years, using a healthcare and societal perspective. Share of detected AF patients following opportunistic screening was retrieved from a recent Danish screening study, whereas the risk stroke and bleedings in AF patients were based on population data from national registries and their associated costs was obtained from published national registry studies. The present study showed that one-time opportunistic screening for AF was more costly, but also more effective compared to a no-screening alternative. The analysis predicts that one-time opportunistic screening of all Danes aged ≥65 years potentially can identify an additional 10 300 AF patients and prevent 856 strokes in the period considered. The incremental cost of such a screening programme is €56.4 M, with a total gain of 6000 QALYs, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €9400 per QALY gained.

Conclusion
Opportunistic screening in general practice in citizens aged ≥65 years in Denmark is cost-effective compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold of €22 000. The study and its findings support a potential implementation of opportunistic screening for AF at the general practitioner level in Denmark.