bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostatic osteopontin expression is associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Popovics Petra , Awadallah Wisam N. , Kohrt Sarah E. , Case Thomas C. , Miller Nicole L. , Ricke Emily A. , Huang Wei , Ramirez‐Solano Marisol , Liu Qi , Vezina Chad M. , Matusik Robert J. , Ricke William A. , Grabowska Magdalena M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMale lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur in more than half of men above 50 years of age. LUTS were traditionally attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and therefore the clinical terminology often uses LUTS and BPH interchangeably. More recently, LUTS were also linked to fibrogenic and inflammatory processes. We tested whether osteopontin (OPN), a proinflammatory and profibrotic molecule, is increased in symptomatic BPH. We also tested whether prostate epithelial and stromal cells secrete OPN in response to proinflammatory stimuli and identified downstream targets of OPN in prostate stromal cells.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on prostate sections obtained from the transition zone of patients who underwent surgery (Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate) to relieve LUTS (surgical BPH, S‐BPH) or patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to remove low‐grade prostate cancer (incidental BPH, I‐BPH). Images of stained tissue sections were captured with a Nuance Multispectral Imaging System and histoscore, as a measure of OPN staining intensity, was determined with inForm software. OPN protein abundance was determined by Western blot analysis. The ability of prostate cells to secrete osteopontin in response to IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 was determined in stromal (BHPrS‐1) and epithelial (NHPrE‐1 and BHPrE‐1) cells by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression changes in these cells in response to OPN.ResultsOPN immunostaining and protein levels were more abundant in S‐BPH than I‐BPH. Staining was distributed across all cell types with the highest levels in epithelial cells. Multiple OPN protein variants were identified in immortalized prostate stromal and epithelial cells. TGF‐β1 stimulated OPN secretion by NHPrE‐1 cells and both IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 stimulated OPN secretion by BHPrS‐1 cells. Interestingly, recombinant OPN increased the mRNA expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and IL6 in BHPrS‐1, but not in epithelial cell lines.ConclusionsOPN is more abundant in prostates of men with S‐BPH compared to men with I‐BPH. OPN secretion is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, and OPN acts directly on stromal cells to drive the synthesis of proinflammatory mRNAs. Pharmacological manipulation of prostatic OPN may have the potential to reduce LUTS by inhibiting both inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.
Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta
Authors: Kong Wei‐Na , Wang Yi , Guo Yong‐Fu , Chai Xiao‐Han , Li Jie , Ma Rui‐Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapholita molesta (Busck) is a fruit pest worldwide. While sex pheromones‐based technology for male attraction has made great progress in the monitoring or mass trapping of G. molesta, the attraction of males alone is not an effective reproductive control strategy. The integration of sex pheromones with female attractants, which have been reported to attract adult females and males, is therefore necessary. To determine a suitable dual‐sex attractant for trapping G. molesta, combinations of four attractants [sex pheromones (ph), host‐plant volatiles (pp), sugar‐acetic acid‐ethanol‐water solutions (ss), and food lures (fl)] were screened using electroantennograms, wind tunnel experiments, and field trial tests. Various mediums and antioxidants were then added to the selected attractants combination (AC) and examined in the field.RESULTSThe responses of G. molesta to attractants differed significantly between the sexes. Increases in male activation behavior and trapping were motivated by ph, while pp and particularly ss increased adult antennae perception. In response to fl alone or together with ph, more male or female individuals were trapped. This indicates that ph, as a sex lure, and fl, as a host lure, may complete male and female attraction. Consequently, this combination is suggested. In the field trials, the additions of 10 μL of honey and 35% (184.3 μg) of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol [BTH] (preservatives) to the AC (ph + fl) resulted in moth captures equal to that of a commercial sex pheromones lure.CONCLUSIONA dual‐sex attractant composed of ph, fl, honey, and BTH is recommended for trapping G. molesta in the field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the abundance of oleate hydratases in the genus Rhodococcus—discovery of novel enzymes with complementary substrate scope
Authors: Busch Hanna , Tonin Fabio , Alvarenga Natália , van den Broek Marcel , Lu Simona , Daran Jean-Marc , Hanefeld Ulf , Hagedoorn Peter-Leon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOleate hydratases (Ohys, EC 4.2.1.53) are a class of enzymes capable of selective water addition reactions to a broad range of unsaturated fatty acids leading to the respective chiral alcohols. Much research was dedicated to improving the applications of existing Ohys as well as to the identification of undescribed Ohys with potentially novel properties. This study focuses on the latter by exploring the genus Rhodococcus for its plenitude of oleate hydratases. Three different Rhodococcus clades showed the presence of oleate hydratases whereby each clade was represented by a specific oleate hydratase family (HFam). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses revealed HFam-specific patterns amongst conserved amino acids. Oleate hydratases from two Rhodococcus strains (HFam 2 and 3) were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and their substrate scope investigated. Here, both enzymes showed a complementary behaviour towards sterically demanding and multiple unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, this study includes the characterisation of the newly discovered Rhodococcus pyridinivorans Ohy. The steady-state kinetics of R. pyridinivorans Ohy was measured using a novel coupled assay based on the alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD+-dependent oxidation of 10-hydroxystearic acid.
Thrombocytosis helps to stratify risk of colorectal cancer in patients referred on a 2-week-wait pathway
Authors: Bailey J. A. , Hanbali N. , Premji K. , Bunce J. , Mashlab S. , Simpson J. A. , Humes D. J. , Banerjea A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Primary care studies suggest that thrombocytosis (platelet counts > 400 × 109/L) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to establish whether this marker has significant stratification value in patients seen in secondary care.

Methods
A retrospective review of 2991 patients referred to our colorectal 2-week-wait (2WW) pathway between August 2014 and August 2017. Patient demographics were recorded prospectively, and local electronic records systems were used to retrieve full blood counts (FBC) and cancer diagnoses. Patients with no recent platelet count at the time of referral or incomplete records were excluded.

Results
2236 patients were included in this evaluation. There was no significant difference in the age distribution of those with thrombocytosis and those without. There were significantly more females in the thrombocytosis group (72.1% vs 53.9%, chi-squared 24.63, p < 0.0001). 130 CRCs were detected (5.8%) and patients with thrombocytosis were more likely to have CRC (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.60–4.30). The CRC diagnosis rate was significantly higher in females with thrombocytosis (10.3% vs 2.9%, chi-squared 19.41, p < 0.0001) and males with thrombocytosis (16.1% vs 7.9%, chi-squared 4.62, p = 0.032).

Conclusion
Thrombocytosis appears to have stratification value in the 2WW population. Further evaluation of its value alone or in combination with other stratification tests is required.
UV light-based decontamination: an effective and fast way for disinfection of endoscopes in otorhinolaryngology?
Authors: Rudhart Stefan A. , Günther Frank , Dapper Laura , Thangavelu Kruthika , Gehrt Francesca , Stankovic Petar , Wilhelm Thomas , Guenzel Thomas , Stuck Boris A. , Hoch Stephan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Reprocessing of endoscopes becomes increasingly complex, due to rising demands of hygiene. Established methods are often expensive/time-consuming. Recent studies suggest beneficial aspects of disinfection by UV light. In this study we analyzed the efficiency of UV light disinfection of rigid otorhinolaryngological endoscopes.

Materials and methods
After mechanical pre-cleaning, the endoscopes were decontaminated for 25 s in the D25 using Impelux™ UV C light technology (UV Smart B.V., Delft, The Netherlands). First, the surface contact samples were taken from 50 used endoscopes to evaluate the bacterial load. Additionally, surface contact samples were taken from further 50 used endoscopes after reprocessing with the D25. Another 50 endoscopes were tested on protein residuals. Furthermore, the absolute effectiveness of the D25 was tested on 50 test bodies (RAMS) with a standardized contamination of 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus faecium.

Results
The used endoscopes showed a high bacterial contamination with an average value of 66.908 (± 239.215) CFU. After reprocessing, only a minimal contamination on 10% (n = 5) of the endoscopes with a mean value of 0.12 CFU (± 0.39) was found, resulting in a log-5 reduction in a clinical environment. The documented bacteria were components of the normal skin flora. All tested endoscopes were practically protein-free (< 1 μg). Furthermore, the average absolute germ reduction of the D25 was about 106 CFU on the tested RAMS.

Conclusion
The D25 UV light system seems to be an effective device for the reprocessing of rigid ORL endoscopes, and therefore, might be suitable for the usage in clinical practice on site.
The ballistic performance of bone when impacted by fragments
Authors: Caister A. J. , Carr D. J. , Campbell P. D. , Brock F. , Breeze J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhysical models are required to generate the underlying algorithms that populate computer simulations of the effects of explosive fragmenting devices. These models and simulations are used for understanding weapon performance, designing buildings and optimising personal protective equipment. Previous experimental work has investigated the performance of skin and muscle when subjected to fragmentation threats, but limited evidence exists for the performance of bone when impacted by fragments. In the current work, ballistic testing was conducted using two types of internationally recognised steel fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs): (i) 5.5 mm diameter (0.68 g) ball bearing (BBs) and (ii) 1.10 g chisel nosed (CN). These projectiles were fired at isolated swine ribs at impact velocities between 99 and 1265 m/s. Impact events were recorded using a high-speed camera. Selected specimens were analysed post-impact with plain x-radiographs and micro-CT scanning to determine damage to the bone architecture. Bones were perforated with a kinetic energy density (KED) as low as 0.14 J/mm2. Energy transfer to the bone was greater for the CN FSPs, resulting in increased bone damage and the production of secondary bone fragments. The manner in which the bones failed with faster velocity impacts (> 551 m/s; KED > 6.44 J/mm2) was analogous to the behaviour of a brittle material. Slower velocity impacts (< 323 m/s; KED < 1.49 J/mm2) showed a transition in failure mode with the bone displaying the properties of an elastic, plastic and brittle material at various points during the impact. The study gives critical insight into how bone behaves under these circumstances.
Molecular detection of a novel cyprinid herpesvirus in roach (Rutilus rutilus) and asp (Leuciscus aspius) showing typical signs of carp pox disease
Authors: Sellyei Boglárka , Baska Ferenc , Varga Ádám , Borzák Réka , Doszpoly Andor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the early spring of 2018, in Lake Balaton (Hungary), a roach (Rutilus rutilus) and an asp (Leuciscus aspius) were found in an fish trap at the outlet of the river Sió showing typical signs of the so-called carp pox disease, such as foci of epidermal hyperplasia on the head and the whole body surface, including the fins. Molecular tests revealed the presence of the DNA of an unknown fish herpesvirus. Three genes encoding the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, major capsid protein and ATPase subunit of terminase were amplified and sequenced from the alloherpesviral genome. The gene sequences of the viruses obtained from the two different fish species shared 94.4% nucleotide sequence identity (98.1% amino acid sequence identity), suggesting that they belong to the same virus species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA polymerase (and the concatenated sequences of the amplified genes, as well) implied that the detected virus belongs to the genus Cyprinivirus within the family Alloherpesviridae. The sequences of the novel alloherpesvirus diverge from those of the five cyprinivirus species described previously, so it putatively represents the sixth virus species in the genus.
Synthetic Morphology: A Vision of Engineering Biological Form
Authors: Gramelsberger Gabriele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMorphological engineering is an emerging research area in synthetic biology. In 2008 “synthetic morphology” was proposed as a prospective approach to engineering self-constructing anatomies by Jamie A. Davies of the University of Edinburgh. Synthetic morphology can establish a new paradigm, according to Davies, insofar as “cells can be programmed to organize themselves into specific, designed arrangements, structures and tissues.” It is obvious that this new approach will extrapolate morphology into a new realm beyond the traditional logic of morphological research. However, synthetic morphology is a highly idealized vision of morphology which derives its visionary ideas from morphological engineering and mathematical idealizations in order to understand the principles of molecular morphology. Thus, the question is, if this approach will help to understand morphogenesis better or if it will just enable biologists to engineer morphogenesis. The paper investigates the development of synthetic morphology and its relation to synthetic biology as well as its epistemic gains.
Intercomparison exercise on difficult to measure radionuclides in activated steel: statistical analysis of radioanalytical results and activation calculations
Authors: Leskinen Anumaija , Salminen-Paatero Susanna , Gautier Celine , Räty Antti , Tanhua-Tyrkkö Merja , Fichet Pascal , Kekki Tommi , Zhang Wenzhong , Bubendorff Jacques , Laporte Elodie , Lambrot Gabriel , Brennetot René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the results obtained during an intercomparison exercise for the determination of difficult to measure radionuclides in activated reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel samples. In total, eight laboratories participated analysing 14C, 55Fe and 63Ni activity concentrations in RPV steel. In addition, some laboratories also analysed 60Co activity concentrations. Corresponding activity concentrations were also determined using activation calculations. Robust statistical techniques were utilised for the analysis of the results according to ISO 13528 standard. The results showed good agreement for 55Fe and 63Ni results whereas 14C results had significant differences. 60Co results were in quite good agreement.
Routinised heating system installation: the immutability of home heating
Authors: Wade Faye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpace heating is the largest contributor to domestic energy consumption in the UK (UK). Gas central heating systems usually extend into every room of a property, but often sit in the background of the lives of those using them. Installation could offer a critical moment to optimise the operating efficiency of these systems, or consider alternative low carbon technologies. However, whether installation acts as one such moment of change is currently unknown. Using ethnographic data collection, and the concepts of translation and interessement from Actor-Network Theory, this paper explores the tensions between existing socio-technical arrangements and the new system components taking their position in the home. Installers are found to be subject to competing requirements from industry guidance and regulation, new system components and existing domestic configurations. A process of negotiation and compromise is revealed. This results in ‘like-for-like’ installations and heating system components being squeezed into spaces and hidden away. These efforts to maintain the status quo reinforce the immutability of domestic heating, restrict opportunities to fit alternative low carbon technologies and limit possibilities to reduce domestic energy consumption.
Probiotic Administration Increases Amino Acid Absorption from Plant Protein: a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Crossover Study
Authors: Jäger Ralf , Zaragoza Javier , Purpura Martin , Iametti Stefania , Marengo Mauro , Tinsley Grant M. , Anzalone Anthony J. , Oliver Jonathan M. , Fiore Walter , Biffi Andrea , Urbina Stacie , Taylor Lem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fate of dietary protein in the gut is determined by microbial and host digestion and utilization. Fermentation of proteins generates bioactive molecules that have wide-ranging health effects on the host. The type of protein can affect amino acid absorption, with animal proteins generally being more efficiently absorbed compared with plant proteins. In contrast to animal proteins, most plant proteins, such as pea protein, are incomplete proteins. Pea protein is low in methionine and contains lower amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which play a crucial role in muscle health. We hypothesized that probiotic supplementation results in favorable changes in the gut microbiota, aiding the absorption of amino acids from plant proteins by the host. Fifteen physically active men (24.2 ± 5.0 years; 85.3 ± 12.9 kg; 178.0 ± 7.6 cm; 16.7 ± 5.8% body fat) co-ingested 20 g of pea protein with either AminoAlta™, a multi-strain probiotic (5 billion CFU L. paracasei LP-DG® (CNCM I-1572) plus 5 billion CFU L. paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760), SOFAR S.p.A., Italy) or a placebo for 2 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, separated by a 4-week washout period. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at 30-, 60-, 120-, and 180-min post-ingestion and analyzed for amino acid content. Probiotic administration significantly increased methionine, histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, total BCAA, and total EAA maximum concentrations (Cmax) and AUC without significantly changing the time to reach maximum concentrations. Probiotic supplementation can be an important nutritional strategy to improve post-prandial changes in blood amino acids and to overcome compositional shortcomings of plant proteins. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ISRCTN38903788
Neural substrates of anorexia nervosa patient’s deficits to decode emotional information
Authors: Lulé Dorothée , Müller Sabine , Fladung Anne-Katharina , Uttner Ingo , Schulze Ulrike M. E . 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to define specific substrates of pathological behaviour patterns by analysing cortical activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an emotional processing task.

Methods
In a sample of N = 11 adolescent patients with AN (16.36 years, SD ± 1.36) and N = 11 age-matched controls, we performed a functional MRI study to detect BOLD signal changes in a 3 T MRI scanner while presenting emotional facial stimuli.

Results
Young people with AN presented with a generally reduced cortical activation pattern in key areas of emotion recognition for happy and fearful faces. Areas essential for control of social behaviour were associated with symptoms of depression.

Conclusion
Obviously, there are already indications of cortical patterns in young affected persons, which indicate a changed emotional reaction to potentially aversive stimuli in the sense of a changed top-down process of emotion avoidance. Thus, the current study provides further evidence that the disorder of anorexia nervosa is closely related to deficits in emotion processing in the early course of ontogenesis. Depressive symptoms might additionally trigger pathological behavior. Due to the small sample size, the data should be considered preliminary and require further validation.

Level of evidence
Level of evidence III: case–control study.
Molecular basis of ageing in chronic metabolic diseases
Authors: Spinelli R. , Parrillo L. , Longo M. , Florese P. , Desiderio A. , Zatterale F. , Miele C. , Raciti G. Alexander , Beguinot F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aim
Over the last decades, the shift in age distribution towards older ages and the progressive ageing which has occurred in most populations have been paralleled by a global epidemic of obesity and its related metabolic disorders, primarily, type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dysfunction of the adipose tissue (AT) is widely recognized as a significant hallmark of the ageing process that, in turn, results in systemic metabolic alterations. These include insulin resistance, accumulation of ectopic lipids and chronic inflammation, which are responsible for an elevated risk of obesity and T2D onset associated to ageing. On the other hand, obesity and T2D, the paradigms of AT dysfunction, share many physiological characteristics with the ageing process, such as an increased burden of senescent cells and epigenetic alterations. Thus, these chronic metabolic disorders may represent a state of accelerated ageing.

Materials and methods
A more precise explanation of the fundamental ageing mechanisms that occur in AT and a deeper understanding of their role in the interplay between accelerated ageing and AT dysfunction can be a fundamental leap towards novel therapies that address the causes, not just the symptoms, of obesity and T2D, utilizing strategies that target either senescent cells or DNA methylation.

Results
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathways that lead to AT dysfunction in the chronological ageing process as well as the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D, emphasizing the critical role of cellular senescence and DNA methylation.

Conclusion
Finally, we highlight the need for further research focused on targeting these mechanisms.