bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Check of Medication Appropriateness (CMA) in optimizing analgesic prescribing: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Quintens Charlotte , De Coster Johan , Van der Linden Lorenz , Morlion Bart , Nijns Egon , Van den Bosch Bart , Peetermans Willy E. , Spriet Isabel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain therapy in inpatients is regularly suboptimal and might be improved by clinical pharmacy services. In our hospital, we have implemented a software‐supported ‘Check of Medication Appropriateness’ (CMA), which is a centralized pharmacist‐led service consisting of a clinical rule‐based screening for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs), and a subsequent medication review by pharmacists. We aimed to investigate the impact of the CMA on pain‐related prescribing.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study was performed in a large teaching hospital, using an interrupted time series design. Pre‐implementation, patients were exposed to standard of care. Afterwards, a pain‐focused CMA comprising 12 specific clinical rules pertaining to analgesic prescribing were implemented in the post‐implementation period. A regression model was used to assess the impact of the intervention on the number of pain‐related residual PIPs between both periods. The total number of recommendations and acceptance rate was recorded for the post‐implementation period.ResultsAt baseline, a median number of 13.1 (range: 9.5–15.8) residual PIPs per day was observed. After the CMA intervention, the number was reduced to 2.2 (range: 0–9.5) per day. Clinical rules showed an immediate relative reduction of 66% (p < .0001) in pain‐related residual PIPs. A significant decreasing time trend was observed during the post‐implementation period. Post‐implementation, 1683 recommendations were given over 1 year with an acceptance rate of 74.3%.ConclusionsWe proved that the CMA approach reduced the number of pain‐related residual PIPs. More pharmacist involvement and the use of clinical rules during hospital stay should be further promoted to optimize appropriate prescribing of analgesics.SignificancePrescribing of analgesics should be improved in inpatients to optimize pain control and to reduce iatrogenic harm. The Check of Medication Appropriateness (CMA) approach, comprising a clinical rule‐based screening for patients at risk and a targeted medication review by pharmacists, reduced the number of pain‐related potentially inappropriate prescriptions in a highly significant and sustained manner. This study presents the opportunities of a centralized clinical pharmacy service to help clinicians to further improve analgesic prescribing.
Comprehensive targeted next‐generation sequencing approach in the molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Vanden Bempt Isabelle , Vander Borght Sara , Sciot Raf , Spans Lien , Claerhout Sofie , Brems Hilde , Lehnert Stefan , Dehaspe Luc , Fransis Sabine , Neuville Bart , Topal Baki , Schöffski Patrick , Legius Eric , Debiec‐Rychter Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMutational analysis guides therapeutic decision making in patients with advanced‐stage gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We evaluated three targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assays, consecutively used over 4 years in our laboratory for mutational analysis of 162 primary GISTs: Agilent GIST MASTR, Illumina TruSight 26 and an in‐house developed 96 gene panels. In addition, we investigated the feasibility of a more comprehensive approach by adding targeted RNA sequencing (Archer FusionPlex, 11 genes) in an attempt to reduce the number of Wild Type GISTs. We found KIT or PDGFRA mutations in 149 out of 162 GISTs (92.0%). Challenging KIT exon 11 alterations were initially missed by different assays in seven GISTs and typically represented deletions at the KIT intron 10‐exon 11 boundary or large insertions/deletions (>24 base pairs). Comprehensive analysis led to the additional identification of driver alterations in 8/162 GISTs (4.9%): apart from BRAF and SDHA mutations (one case each), we found five GISTs harboring somatic neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) alterations (3.1%) and one case with an in‐frame TRIM4‐BRAF fusion not reported in GIST before. Eventually, no driver alteration was found in two out of 162 GISTs (1.2%) and three samples (1.9%) failed analysis. Our study shows that a comprehensive targeted NGS approach is feasible for routine mutational analysis of GIST, thereby substantially reducing the number of Wild Type GISTs, and highlights the need to optimize assays for challenging KIT exon 11 alterations.
Associations between spousal caregiving and health among older adults in Mexico: A targeted estimation approach
Authors: Torres Jacqueline M. , Mitchell Uchechi A. , Sofrygin Oleg , Rudolph Kara E. , López‐Ortega Mariana , Sharif Mienah Z. , Wong Rebeca , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate associations between spousal caregiving and mental and physical health among older adults in Mexico.MethodsData come from the Mexican Health & Aging Study, a national population‐based study of adults ≥50 years and their spouses (2001–2015). We compared outcomes for spousal caregivers to outcomes for those whose spouses had difficulty with at least one basic or instrumental activity of daily living (I/ADL) but were not providing care; the control group conventionally includes all married respondents regardless of spouse's need for care. We used targeted maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate the associations with past‐week depressive symptoms, lower‐body functional limitations, and chronic health conditions.ResultsAt baseline, 846 women and 629 men had a spouse with ≥1 I/ADL. Of these, 60.9% of women and 52.6% of men were spousal caregivers. Spousal caregiving was associated with more past‐week depressive symptoms for men (Marginal Risk Difference (RD): 0.27, 95% confidence internal [CI]: 0.03, 0.51) and women (RD: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.23). We could not draw conclusions about associations with lower‐body functional limitations and chronic health conditions. On average, all respondents whose spouses had caregiving needs had poorer health than the overall sample.ConclusionWe found evidence of an association between spousal caregiving and mental health among older Mexican adults with spouses who had need for care. However, our findings suggest that older adults who are both currently providing or at risk of providing spousal care may need targeted programs and policies to support health and long‐term care needs.
Cerebroplacental ratio as a predictor of intrapartum fetal compromise in term pregnancy
Authors: Meena Seema , Dadhwal Vatsla , Sharma Kandala A. , Perumal Vanamail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo predict intrapartum fetal compromise (FC) and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) in term pregnancies.MethodsA prospective observational study recruited women with singleton, term pregnancies. Ultrasound (US) was done for fetal biometry, umbilical and middle cerebral artery (UA, MCA) Doppler parameters, and CPR calculated. Intrapartum variables and neonatal data were recorded.ResultsMean interval from US to delivery was 2.21 ± 2.71 days. Rate of operative delivery for FC was 17.47%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that UA pulsatility index (PI) multiples of median (MoM) (P = 0.001), MCA PI MoM (P = 0.001), and CPR MoM (P = 0.001) were significantly and independently associated with operative delivery for FC. Similarly, UA PI MoM (P = 0.004), MCA PI MoM (P = 0.009), and CPR MoM (P = 0.003) were also significantly and independently associated with admission to the NICU. Rate of operative delivery for presumed FC was higher in approprate‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with low CPR than in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal CPR (43.1% and 37.5%, respectively).ConclusionLower mean CPR and CPR MoM were independently associated with the need for operative delivery for presumed FC and NICU admission at term. CPR is more likely to be associated with FC due to placental insufficiency than birth weight.
Myeloperoxidase Controls Bone Turnover by Suppressing Osteoclast Differentiation Through Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Level
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Lin Shuai , Li Huiying , Si Shuyi , Wang Zhen 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase that plays an important role in innate immunity for host defense against invading microorganisms by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated reactions. Although many reports indicate MPO exerts beneficial or detrimental effects on a variety of inflammatory diseases, little is known with regard to its functional role in bone homeostasis in vivo. Here, our work demonstrates that MPO was transcriptionally downregulated in response to osteoclastogenic stimuli and that exogenous alteration of MPO expression negatively regulated osteoclast (OC) differentiation in vitro. Genetic ablation of Mpo resulted in osteoporotic phenotypes and potentiated bone-resorptive capacity in mice. Mechanistically, accumulation of intracellular H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in MPO deficiency, and MPO overexpression suppressed ROS production in mouse OC precursors. Moreover, a ROS scavenger Tempol inhibited the effect of MPO deficiency on OC formation and function as well as on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-initiated transduction signal activation including NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Akt, indicating the increased ROS caused by MPO deficiency contributes to osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MPO has a protective role in bone turnover by limiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption physiologically through modulating intracellular H2O2 level. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Raman maps reveal heterogeneous hydrogenation on carbon materials
Authors: daFonseca Bruno G. , Thind Sapanbir S. , Brolo Alexandre G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work presents an application of Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate heterogeneity in the composition of carbon materials obtained electrochemically. A combination of Raman maps and histograms has been used to describe samples synthesized via wet chemistry. The results showed that a simple evaluation of an average spectrum or one single spectrum per sample would have hidden important compositional variations present in the film. The Raman maps revealed heterogeneous hydrogenation in different areas of the carbon films, whereas histograms described the statistical relevance of the classification of the different types of carbon materials. The effect of electrosynthesis parameters on the quality of the films was also investigated. As the deposition time increased, the carbon films showed higher homogeneity in their spatial composition. The nature of the electrolyte led to differences in film functionalization and on the degree of hydrogenation.
Survival and adequate preoperative staging in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery at a Peruvian Police Hospital
Authors: Panduro‐Correa Vicky , Cubas W. Samir , Herrera‐Matta Juan Jaime , Maguiña Jorge L. , Dámaso‐Mata Bernardo , Guisasola Germán , Navarro‐Solsol Ana Claudia , Pecho‐Silva Samuel , Arteaga‐Livias Kovy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionGastric cancer is the fifth most common malignant neoplasm and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. In Peru, its incidence is 15.8 per 100,000 population, and it is associated with high mortality rates, especially in areas with low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to compare preoperative, postoperative, and anatomopathological staging results and their relation to disease recurrence and survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer with a definitive postoperative anatomopathological diagnosis from 2005 to 2014 at the Hospital Nacional Luis N. Sáenz. Statistical analyses included descriptive and correlation statistics using the κ index, determination of associations between preoperative and postoperative staging and surgical reintervention and recurrence using the χ2 test, as well as Kaplan Meier survival analysis.ResultsThere was little correlation between preoperative staging and final anatomopathological diagnosis, while there was a good correlation with postoperative staging. A significant association was found between preoperative staging and cancer recurrence. In the survival analysis, survival was lower among patients with underestimated staging.ConclusionsThe survival of patients with gastric cancer can be affected by an overestimation of preoperative staging, therefore improvements in preoperative staging could lengthen the survival of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.
Early postoperative decrease of albumin is an independent predictor of major complications after oncological esophagectomy: A multicenter study
Authors: Labgaa Ismail , Mantziari Styliani , Genety Maxime , Elliott Jessie A. , Kamiya Satoshi , Kalff Marianne C. , Winiker Michaël , Pasquier Jérôme , Allemann Pierre , Messier Marguerite , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Nilsson Magnus , Reynolds John V. , Piessen Guillaume , Hübner Martin , Demartines Nicolas , Schäfer Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerum albumin perioperative decrease (∆Alb) may reflect the magnitude of the physiological stress induced by surgery. Studies highlighted its value to predict adverse postoperative outcomes, but data in esophageal surgery are scant. This study aimed to investigate the role of ∆Alb to predict major complications after esophagectomy for cancer.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study conducted in five high‐volume centers, including consecutive patients undergoing an esophagectomy for cancer between 2006 and 2017. Patients were randomly assigned to a training (n = 696) and a validation (n = 350) cohort. Albumin decrease was calculated on postoperative day 1 and defined as ΔAlb. The primary endpoint was major complications according to Clavien classification.ResultsIn the training cohort, esophagectomy induced a rapid drop of albumin. Cut‐off of ΔAlb was established at 11 g/L and allowed to distinguish patients with adverse outcomes. On multivariable analysis, ΔAlb was identified as an independent predictor of major complications (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11; p = .014). Higher BMI and laparoscopy were associated with lower ΔAlb. Analysis of the validation cohort provided consistent findings.ConclusionsΔAlb appeared as a promising biomarker after oncological esophagectomy, allowing prediction of potential adverse outcomes.
Estimating the Audibility of Industrial Noise to Denning Polar Bears
Authors: Owen Megan A. , Pagano Anthony M. , Wisdom Sheyna S. , Kirschhoffer Bj , Bowles Ann E. , O'Neill Caitlin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTOil and gas activities on Alaska's North Slope overlap spatially with polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal denning habitat and temporally with the peri‐partum and emergence periods. Noise associated with these activities can be substantial and concerns regarding the effects on polar bears have been acknowledged. But the secluded and ephemeral nature of subnivean maternal dens renders the measurement of behavioral and physiological responses of bears to noise exposure challenging, except for rare cases when disturbance‐prompted den abandonment has been documented. These limitations, coupled with the uncertainty associated with the synergistic effects of anthropogenic activities on bears in a rapidly changing Arctic, prompt the need to develop predictive models of disturbance to ensure management guidelines effectively mitigate disturbance. Towards this end, we characterized noise propagation from 9 sources (2 aircraft, 2 over‐tundra tracked vehicles, 4 wheeled on‐road vehicles, and humans walking) used to support industrial activities around artificial snow dens near Milne Point, Alaska, USA, in March–April 2010. We built dens in 4 configurations to mimic variability in den roof thickness and to evaluate differences in noise propagation from when the den was closed compared to being open, similar to den emergence. We integrated these data with an existing polar bear audiogram and developed models to predict auditory‐detection probabilities as a function of distance from the den. Within a closed den, aircraft had high probabilities (detection probability ≥75%) of being detected by polar bears at distances ≤1.6 km and ground‐based sources had high probabilities of detection at distances ≤0.8 km. On average, closed dens reduced noise levels by 15 decibels (dB) relative to open dens. Our findings indicate that although polar bear snow dens effectively attenuate acoustic sound pressure levels, noise from some industrial support vehicles was likely to be detected farther from dens than previously documented. These results reinforce the importance of maintaining buffer zones around polar bear dens to minimize the potential for den disturbance. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A highly efficient low‐cost reflective anisotropic metasurface for linear to linearly cross‐ and circular‐polarization conversion
Authors: Murtaza Mudassir , Rashid Aamir , Tahir Farooq A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this research, a highly efficient single‐layer reflective polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface is proposed for microwave communications. The periodic design works in a dual‐operation mode as a half‐wave plate (cross‐polarizer) and a quarter‐wave plate (circular‐polarizer) over multiple frequency bands. The unit‐cell is comprised of coupled D‐shaped resonators printed on a low‐cost FR‐4 substrate offering cross‐polarization conversion (above −3 dB) over three frequency bands (6.45–6.87, 9.94–11.34, and 15.99–18.60 GHz) with cross conversion efficiency higher than 90%. Moreover, the proposed metasurface can also work as a linear to circular polarizer over three bands (6.0–6.25, 7.35–9.05, and 12.28–15.18 GHz). The design is further shown to be angularly stable for incidence angles up to 30°. The proposed design has been validated experimentally after fabrication.
Polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride transobturator slings for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: 1‐Year outcomes from a multicentre randomized trial
Authors: Sabadell Jordi , Pereda‐Núñez Anna , Ojeda‐de‐los‐Santos Fernando , Urbaneja Manuel , González‐García Carmen , Camps‐Lloveras Narcís , Pérez‐Plantado Àngela , Canet‐Rodríguez Judit , Pérez‐Espejo Maria Paz , Rodríguez‐Mias Nuria , Sarasa‐Castelló Núria , Palau Marta , Montero‐Armengol Anabel , Salicrú Sabina , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Poza Jose L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare the effectiveness and safety of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transobturator tapes (TOT) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis is a multicentre randomized trial. Women with SUI or stress‐predominant mixed urinary incontinence and scheduled for a TOT procedure were randomized to PP or PVDF slings. The primary outcome was 1‐year cure or improvement rate using composite criteria. Complications were also compared. Relationships with outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions models.ResultsFrom April 2016 to January 2018 285 participants were randomized. PP and PVDF slings showed similar high cure or improvement rate (91.0% vs. 95.6%, p = .138). Improvement in validated questionnaires was also similar. PVDF slings were associated with a lower rate of de novo urgency incontinence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval = 0.15–0.80). We found no statistical differences in complications rates, although a higher incidence of long‐term pain events were observed in the PP group. The study is underpowered to find differences in specific complications owing to the low number of events.ConclusionPP and PVDF TOTs are equally effective, although PVDF is associated with fewer cases of de novo urgency incontinence. Further studies are needed to give robust conclusions on safety profiles.
Optimal error estimates of fourth‐order compact finite difference methods for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation in the nonrelativistic regime
Authors: Zhang Teng , Wang Tingchun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo fourth‐order compact finite difference schemes including a Crank–Nicolson one and a semi‐implicit one are derived for solving the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equations in the nonrelativistic regime. The optimal error estimates and the strategy in choosing time step are rigorously analyzed, and the energy conservation in the discrete sense is also studied. Under proper assumption on the analytical solutions, the errors of the two schemes both are proved to be of with mesh size h and time‐step τ. Numerical simulations are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Speciation of Copper(II)‐Betaine Complexes as Starting Point for Electrochemical Copper Deposition from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Richter Janine , Knies Maximilian , Ruck Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe application of ionic liquids for the dissolution of metal oxides is a promising field for the development of more energy‐ and resource‐efficient metallurgical processes. Using such solutions for the production of valuable chemicals or electrochemical metal deposition requires a detailed understanding of the chemical system and the factors influencing it. In the present work, several compounds are reported that crystallize after the dissolution of copper(II) oxide in the ionic liquid [Hbet][NTf2]. Dependent on the initial amount of chloride, the reaction temperature and the purity of the reagent, copper crystallizes in complexes with varying coordination geometries and ligands. Subsequently, the influence of these different complex species on electrochemical properties is shown. For the first time, copper is deposited from the ionic liquid [Hbet][NTf2], giving promising opportunities for more resource‐efficient copper plating. The copper coatings were analyzed by SEM and EDX measurements. Furthermore, a mechanism for the decomposition of [Hbet][NTf2] in the presence of chloride is suggested and supported by experimental evidence.
Characterization, Thermolysis, and Energetic Properties of an MTNP/PETN Eutectic Prepared via the Solvent/Anti‐Solvent Method
Authors: Kou Yong , Song Xiaolan , Guo Kaige , Cheng Zhipeng , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, a eutectic mixture was prepared by mixing 1‐methyl‐3,4,5‐trinitropyrazole (MTNP) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) by a new method. The T−X phase diagram and H−X phase diagram were obtained by means of DSC analysis, and then the ratio of the eutectic was obtained. All systems displayed simple eutectic behavior. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the structure of the eutectic. Thermodynamic analysis and TG‐MS tests were carried out to explore the thermal decomposition of the eutectic. Then, the mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity of the raw materials and the eutectic were tested, and the detonation performance was also calculated. The results show that the compatibility of the components of the eutectic is not perfect because of the intermolecular forces between the raw materials. Thermal the decomposition products are mainly H2, H2O, N2, CO, NO, N2O and CO2 and a small amount of CH4. The eutectic has the characteristics of high energy and insensitivity and is expected to replace TNT‐based molten cast explosives.