bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Review
Authors: Jain Reena , Aulakh Roosy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPediatric ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is difficult to diagnose and manage, owing to its rarity and low index of suspicion in the early stage of the disease. Also, many other conditions having similar presentation cause a further delay in diagnosis. In this review, we highlighted various pointers in history and described bedside clinical tests that can aid in its timely diagnosis. The antibody spectrum in myasthenia is ever increasing and includes anti-muscle specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein-receptor related protein 4 antibodies in addition to acetylcholine receptor antibodies besides many others. However, pediatric OMG patients often test negative for all three antibodies, making the diagnosis even more difficult in triple seronegative patients. Edrophonium and electrophysiological tests, which help in confirming myasthenia in adults, have a limited utility in diagnosing pediatric ocular myasthenia cases. Various practical difficulties are encountered like nonavailability of edrophonium, risk of bradycardia associated with neostigmine use and its lower sensitivity, noncooperative children, and limited technical expertise in performing electrophysiological tests in children. In this article, we described a pragmatic approach to diagnose pediatric OMG along with the important aspects of its management.
Vibration Exposure Safety Guidelines for Surgeons Using Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL)
Authors: Wu Chaowen , Laswell Stephen , Mentz James A , Morales Rolando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
As power-assisted liposuction (PAL) gains in popularity, plastic surgeons operating these devices experience occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration, which can result in hand-arm vibration syndrome, a debilitating neurovasculopathy.

Objectives
The objective of the study was to determine vibration exposure from the utilization of a PAL device during surgery to generate recommendations for safe use.

Methods
Vibration emission of a commonly utilized PAL system (MicroAire-650, Surgical Instruments, Charlottesville, VA) was examined employing a vibration data logger under both controlled laboratory conditions and during 13 typical liposuction cases. Data were analyzed and compared with established safety limits of vibration exposure.

Results
The experiments demonstrated a mean vibration magnitude of typical liposuction surgeries to be 5.69 ± 0.77 m/s2 (range, 4.59-6.27 m/s2), which is significantly higher than the manufacturer declared value of 3.77 m/s2. Cannula size was shown to be the most significant contributor to vibration magnitude, with larger cannulas causing more vibration transmission.

Conclusions
These results indicate that recommendations must be made to prevent undue occupational exposure to vibration from PAL. The MicroAire-650 can generally be safely utilized for less than 1.5 h/d. At exposure levels &gt;1.5 h/d, there is increased risk of developing vibration-related injuries, and vibration-reducing strategies should be implemented. At exposure levels &gt;6 h/d, the safety limit is exceeded and there is significantly increased risk of developing hand-arm vibration syndrome and vibration exposure should be halted.

Level of Evidence: 4
Facial Plastic Surgery on Instagram: What Is Trending? What Is Working?
Authors: Basa Krystyne , Spiegel Jeffrey H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Instagram has become a prominent way for facial plastic surgeons to advertise their work and communicate with patients. Some providers develop globally popular profiles, becoming “influencers” in their field.

Objectives
We sought to characterize posts found on top profiles by type and determine the degree of patient interaction within each type.

Methods
A social media tracking tool (Awario, Belarus) compiled a list of the top 33 facial plastic surgery Instagram profiles based on number of followers and “reach,” obtained on September 22, 2019. Profiles not belonging to American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ABFPRS)-certified surgeons were excluded, leading to 20 profiles. The most recent 18 posts at the time of data extraction were categorized into: (1) clinical or professional, (2) lifestyle, and (3) patients. The average number of “likes,” as a percentage of total followers, was calculated for each category for each profile. Data were gathered from September to November 2019.

Results
Most top profiles belong to ABFPRS-certified surgeons and were not verified. Clinical pictures and patient posts were 42.78% and 41.94% of those sampled, respectively. Lifestyle content was 19.05%. Followers interacted with clinical posts the most, having an average of 6.79% of follower interaction. Patient and lifestyle posts had 2.88% and 3.81%, respectively.

Conclusions
Instagram is an important communication tool for facial plastic surgeons to engage in promotion and education. It is important to understand what trends tend to attract followers and engagement. Our study showed that more clinical content, separate from patient pictures, tended to be popular with both providers and followers.
Social Perception of Facial Feminization Surgery Outcomes: Does Gender Identity Alter Gaze?
Authors: Martin Shanique A , Morrison Shane D , Patel Viren , Capitán-Cañadas Fermín , Sánchez-García Anabel , Rodríguez-Conesa Marina , Bellinga Raúl J , Simon Daniel , Capitán Luis , Satterwhite Thomas , Nazerali Rahim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The evaluation of gender-affirming facial feminization surgery (FFS) outcomes can be highly subjective, which has resulted in a limited understanding of the social perception of favorable gender and aesthetic facial appearance following FFS. Eye-tracking technology has introduced an objective measure of viewer subconscious gaze.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to use eye-tracking technology to measure attention and perception of surgery-naive cisgender female and feminized transgender faces, based on viewer gender identity.

Methods
Thirty-two participants (18 cisgender and 14 transgender) were enrolled and shown 5 photographs each of surgery-naive cisgender female and feminized transgender faces. Gaze was captured with a Tobii Pro X2-60 eye-tracking device (Tobii, Stockholm, Sweden) and participants rated the gender and aesthetic appearance of each face on Likert-type scales.

Results
Total image gaze fixation time did not differ by participant gender identity (6.00 vs 6.04 seconds, P = 0.889); however, transgender participants spent more time evaluating the forehead/brow, buccal/mandibular regions, and chin (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed significant associations between viewer gender identity, age, race, and education, and the time spent evaluating gender salient facial features. Feminized faces were rated as more masculine with poorer aesthetic appearance than surgery-naive cisgender female faces; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender appearance ratings assigned to each photograph by cisgender and transgender participants.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that gender identity influences subconscious attention and gaze on female faces. Nevertheless, differences in gaze distribution did not correspond to subjective rated gender appearance for either surgery-naive cisgender female or feminized transgender faces, further illustrating the complexity of evaluating social perception of favorable FFS outcomes.
PICKLE 3.0: enriching the human meta-database with the mouse protein interactome extended via mouse–human orthology
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Georgios N , Klapa Maria I , Moschonas Nicholas K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary
The PICKLE 3.0 upgrade refers to the enrichment of this human protein–protein interaction (PPI) meta-database with the mouse protein interactome. Experimental PPI data between mouse genetic entities are rather limited; however, they are substantially complemented by PPIs between mouse and human genetic entities. The relational scheme of PICKLE 3.0 has been amended to exploit the Mouse Genome Informatics mouse–human ortholog gene pair collection, enabling (i) the extension through orthology of the mouse interactome with potentially valid PPIs between mouse entities based on the experimental PPIs between mouse and human entities and (ii) the comparison between mouse and human PPI networks. Interestingly, 43.5% of the experimental mouse PPIs lacks a corresponding by orthology PPI in human, an inconsistency in need of further investigation. Overall, as primary mouse PPI datasets show a considerably limited overlap, PICKLE 3.0 provides a unique comprehensive representation of the mouse protein interactome.

Availability and implementation
PICKLE can be queried and downloaded at http://www.pickle.gr.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Look Who’s Talking: The Snitching Paradox in a Representative Sample of Prisoners
Authors: Pyrooz David C , Mitchell Meghan M , Moule Richard K , Decker Scott H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSnitching refers to conveying inside and potentially incriminating information about others to authorities. In contrast to prior criminological accounts of snitching, which rely on small and purposive samples, we used a probability sample of 802 male prisoners in Texas to study the status, prevalence, acceptability and correlates of snitching. We arrive at several key quantitative findings. First, snitches are positioned at the bottom of the inmate hierarchy. Second, snitching is a rare behaviour (7.6 per cent) and even rarer identity (1.8 per cent), consistent with a snitching paradox. Third, about three-fourths of respondents endorsed contingencies where snitching was permissible, primarily those involving personal ties, self-protection, or violence prevention. Finally, characteristics such as age, civic engagement, education, gang status, and arrest and imprisonment history were associated with either snitching identity, behaviour, or contingencies. Snitching is a persistent feature of social life, yet violates a sacred norm central to many criminological theories, necessitating continued inquiry into its content, enforcement and consequences.
The human hippocampus and its subfield volumes across age, sex and APOE e4 status
Authors: Veldsman Michele , Nobis Lisa , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Manohar Sanjay , Husain Masud 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Female sex, age and carriage of the apolipoprotein E e4 allele are the greatest risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The hippocampus has a selective vulnerability to atrophy in ageing that may be accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease, including in those with increased genetic risk of the disease, years before onset. Within the hippocampal complex, subfields represent cytoarchitectonic and connectivity based divisions. Variation in global hippocampal and subfield volume associated with sex, age and apolipoprotein E e4 status has the potential to provide a sensitive biomarker of future vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we examined non-linear age, sex and apolipoprotein E effects, and their interactions, on hippocampal and subfield volumes across several decades spanning mid-life to old age in 36 653 healthy ageing individuals. FMRIB Software Library derived estimates of total hippocampal volume and Freesurfer derived estimates hippocampal subfield volume were estimated. A model-free, sliding-window approach was implemented that does not assume a linear relationship between age and subfield volume. The annualized percentage of subfield volume change was calculated to investigate associations with age, sex and apolipoprotein E e4 homozygosity. Hippocampal volume showed a marked reduction in apolipoprotein E e4/e4 female carriers after age 65. Volume was lower in homozygous e4 individuals in specific subfields including the presubiculum, subiculum head, cornu ammonis 1 body, cornu ammonis 3 head and cornu ammonis 4. Nearby brain structures in medial temporal and subcortical regions did not show the same age, sex and apolipoprotein E interactions, suggesting selective vulnerability of the hippocampus and its subfields. The findings demonstrate that in healthy ageing, two factors—female sex and apolipoprotein E e4 status—confer selective vulnerability of specific hippocampal subfields to volume loss.
Quality and Stability Profile Assessment of the Recent Antidiabetic Omarigliptin by Using Different Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud A , Hassan Amal M , Hegazy Maha A , Kelani Khadiga M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In a contribution to stability profiling of the recent antidiabetic drug, omarigliptin (OMR), two stability-indicating chromatographic methods were developed and validated. Stability profiling was performed for OMR under different stress conditions as acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal degradations. Structures elucidation to all formed degradation products were identified using IR and mass spectrometry. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used. In TLC-densitometric method, aluminum TLC plates precoated with silica gel G.F254 were used as stationary phase along with methanol: ethyl acetate: 33% ammonia (2:8:1,v/v/v) as mobile phase. The obtained chromatograms were scanned at 254 nm over concertation range of 5–70 μg band−1 for OMR. The second chromatographic method was an HPLC one with diode array detection and RP-C18 column with isocratic elution. Mobile phase used was composed of phosphate buffer pH 3.5: acetonitrile (80, 20, v/v), delivered at flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Diode array detector was adjusted at 230 nm with linearity range of 15–180 μg mL−1 for OMR. Several factors affecting TLC and HPLC efficiency have been carefully studied. The developed methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied for assessment of OMR in bulk powder and tablets.
Effect of Antigenic Drift on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States—2019–2020
Authors: Tenforde Mark W , Kondor Rebecca J Garten , Chung Jessie R , Zimmerman Richard K , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Jackson Michael L , Jackson Lisa A , Monto Arnold S , Martin Emily T , Belongia Edward A , McLean Huong Q , Gaglani Manjusha , Rao Arundhati , Kim Sara S , Stark Thomas J , Barnes John R , Wentworth David E , Patel Manish M , Flannery Brendan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
At the start of the 2019–2020 influenza season, concern arose that circulating B/Victoria viruses of the globally emerging clade V1A.3 were antigenically drifted from the strain included in the vaccine. Intense B/Victoria activity was followed by circulation of genetically diverse A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that were also antigenically drifted. We measured vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States against illness from these emerging viruses.

Methods
We enrolled outpatients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness at 5 sites. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using the test-negative design, we determined influenza VE by virus subtype/lineage and genetic subclades by comparing odds of vaccination in influenza cases versus test-negative controls.

Results
Among 8845 enrollees, 2722 (31%) tested positive for influenza, including 1209 (44%) for B/Victoria and 1405 (51%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Effectiveness against any influenza illness was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32–44), 45% (95% CI: 37–52) against B/Victoria and 30% (95% CI: 21–39) against A(H1N1)pdm09-associated illness. Vaccination offered no protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with antigenically drifted clade 6B.1A 183P-5A+156K HA genes (VE 7%; 95% CI: –14 to 23%) which predominated after January.

Conclusions
Vaccination provided protection against influenza illness, mainly due to infections from B/Victoria viruses. Vaccine protection against illness from A(H1N1)pdm09 was lower than historically observed effectiveness of 40%–60%, due to late-season vaccine mismatch following emergence of antigenically drifted viruses. The effect of drift on vaccine protection is not easy to predict and, even in drifted years, significant protection can be observed.
Risks for Developing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jason Leonard A , Cotler Joseph , Islam Mohammed F , Sunnquist Madison , Katz Ben Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves severe fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment, leading to functional difficulties; prior studies have not evaluated risk factors with behavioral and immune data collected before developing ME/CFS. Up to 5% of university students develop infectious mononucleosis (IM) annually, and 9–12% meet criteria for ME/CFS 6 months later. We sought to determine predictors of ME/CFS.

Methods
We enrolled college students at the start of the school year (time 1), identified those who developed IM (time 2), and followed them for 6 months (time 3), identifying 3 groups: those who developed ME/CFS, severe ME/CFS (meeting &gt;1 set of criteria), and who were asymptomatic. We conducted 8 behavioral and psychological surveys and analyzed cytokines at 3 time points.

Results
238 of the 4501 students (5.3%) developed IM; 6 months later, 55 of the 238 (23%) met criteria for ME/CFS and 157 (66%) were asymptomatic. 67 of the 157 asymptomatic students served as controls. Students with severe ME/CFS were compared with students who were asymptomatic at 3 time points. The former group was not different from the latter group at time 1 (prior to developing IM) in stress, coping, anxiety, or depression but were different in several behavioral measures and had significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IL-13. At time 2 (when they developed IM), the 2 ME/CFS groups tended to have more autonomic complaints and behavioral symptoms while the severe-ME/CFS group had higher levels of IL-12 and lower levels of IL-13 than the recovered group.

Conclusions
At baseline, those who developed ME/CFS had more physical symptoms and immune irregularities, but not more psychological symptoms, than those who recovered.
Relationship of Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Integument Coloration to Cuticular Hydrocarbon and Venom Alkaloid Profiles
Authors: Pandey M , Addesso K M , Alexander L W , Youssef N N , Oliver J B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren; RIFA) and black imported fire ant (Solenopsis richteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); BIFA) are considered distinct species with introgression via a reproductively functional hybrid (HIFA). The RIFA and BIFA common names are based on relative coloration. Due to human color perception variation, using color to identify RIFA, BIFA or HIFA is challenging. Fire ant identification traditionally involves molecular or chemical techniques, but a colorimetric test could allow rapid and low-cost identification. In this study, ant integument coloration was measured by spectrophotometer, and color attributes were compared to a combined gas chromatography (GC) index derived from cuticular hydrocarbon and venom alkaloid indices. Significant Pearson Correlation coefficients were found for colony GC index versus color attributes red to green (a*), blue to yellow (b*), chroma (C*), and hue (h*), but not lightness (L*). The RIFA colonies were distinct from BIFA for four of five color attributes and plots of the a*b* and C*h* horizontal axis of the L*a*b* and L*C*h* color spaces. Color attributes for HIFA indices were not distinct from BIFA and RIFA parental species, but HIFA a*b* and C*h* plots were distinct from RIFA and a*b* plots from BIFA. Color attributes a*, b*, and C* increased and h* decreased with GC index in a sinusoidal pattern. In conclusion, most RIFA and BIFA color attributes were distinct and a*b* and C*h* color axes plots had potential to distinguish HIFA from parental species, but coloration of HIFA indices was variable and complicated identifications among HIFA phenotypes, RIFA and BIFA.
Infective endocarditis of an aortic bioprosthesis causing life-threatening incessant junctional tachycardia: a case report
Authors: Chatelain Quentin , Carcaterra Andrea , Rey Florian , Burri Haran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis with paravalvular abscess can be complicated by atrioventricular block (AVB), but junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) has as yet never been described.

Case summary
A 68-year-old male recently admitted with Staphylococcal aureus endocarditis of his aortic valve bioprosthesis, presented with a regular tachycardia at 240 b.p.m. with a pre-existent right bundle branch block pattern. Haemodynamic collapse necessitated electrical cardioversion, following which high-grade AVB was observed. Multiple recurrences of the same tachycardia required repeated electrical cardioversions and emergent electrophysiological study, which indicated JET. The tachycardia was unresponsive to overdrive pacing, adenosine and intravenous amiodarone, and external cardioversions. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node was performed emergently with interruption of the tachycardia. A temporary external pacemaker was implanted via a jugular route. The tachycardia recurred after 48 h at a slower rate, and the patient underwent redo ablation. Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva probably corresponding to an evacuated abscess. A permanent pacemaker was implanted after active infection had been ruled out. At 3 months of follow-up, the patient had complete AVB, without arrhythmia recurrence.

Discussion
This is the first case report of JET complicating a paravalvular abscess of the aortic valve with concomitant AVB. Junctional ectopic tachycardia is very rare arrhythmia which is usually seen in children as a congenital arrhythmia or following surgical correction of paediatric heart disease. The differential diagnosis is discussed in detail in the article.
Does a myocardial infarction boost your (B cell) memory?
Authors: Monaco Claudia , Cole Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Graphical abstract Establishment of an autoreactive B cell memory after myocardial infarction: a working hypothesis. The demise of cardiac cells leads to the release of cryptoantigens that induce a humoral immune response that leads to accumulation of immunoglobulins in plaques and eventually amplifies atherogenesis at remote sites.