bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axillary vein access for permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: Fluoroscopy compared to ultrasound
Authors: Migliore Federico , Fais Luisa , Vio Riccardo , De Lazzari Manuel , Zorzi Alessandro , Bertaglia Emanuele , Iliceto Sabino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAxillary vein access (AVA) using fluoroscopic landmarks is an effective and safe approach for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) implantation. However, it may result in a higher radiation exposure. Ultrasound‐guided axillary access (USAA) is an effective alternative technique to conventional subclavian access for CIEDs implantation. Studies comparing USAA and AVA using fluoroscopic landmarks are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety, efficacy, and radiation exposure data of the USAA approach with the AVA using fluoroscopic landmarks.MethodsThe study population included 95 consecutive patients (61% male, median age 78 years [71‐85 years]) referred for CIEDs implantation using AVA with fluoroscopic landmark (n = 46) or USAA (n = 49). Baseline characteristics and radiation exposure data (Air‐Kerma [mGy], DAP [Gy‐cm2], fluoroscopy time [seconds], and X‐rays emission time [seconds]) were compared according to the technique used for the AVA.ResultsAxillary vein was successfully accessed in 45 of 49 (92%) patients using ultrasound and in 42 of 46 (91%) patients using fluoroscopic landmarks (P = 1.00). Air‐Kerma, DAP, fluoroscopy time, and X‐rays emission time were shorter for USAA group compared with AVA using fluoroscopic landmarks (11 mGy [8‐20] vs 37 mGy [24‐81], P < .00001; 3 Gy‐cm2 [2‐5] vs 10 Gy‐cm2 [6‐16], P < .00001; 97 seconds [62‐163] vs 271 seconds [185‐365], P < .00001; and 7 seconds [4‐10] vs 21 seconds [13‐39], P < .00001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in median implant procedure time (P = .55). We did not encounter any acute or long‐term complications in both groups.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided axillary vein cannulation for CIEDs implantation is a feasible and safe alternative approach and offers a significant reduction in fluoroscopy times without increasing procedural time.
Immune serum–activated human macrophages coordinate with eosinophils to immobilize Ascaris suum larvae
Authors: Coakley Gillian , Volpe Beatrice , Bouchery Tiffany , Shah Kathleen , Butler Alana , Geldhof Peter , Hatherill Mark , Horsnell William G.C. , Esser‐von Bieren Julia , Harris Nicola Laraine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelminth infection represents a major health problem causing approximately 5 million disability‐adjusted life years worldwide. Concerns that repeated anti‐helminthic treatment may lead to drug resistance render it important that vaccines are developed but will require increased understanding of the immune‐mediated cellular and antibody responses to helminth infection. IL‐4 or antibody‐activated murine macrophages are known to immobilize parasitic nematode larvae, but few studies have addressed whether this is translatable to human macrophages. In the current study, we investigated the capacity of human macrophages to recognize and attack larval stages of Ascaris suum, a natural porcine parasite that is genetically similar to the human helminth Ascaris lumbricoides. Human macrophages were able to adhere to and trap A suum larvae in the presence of either human or pig serum containing Ascaris‐specific antibodies and other factors. Gene expression analysis of serum‐activated macrophages revealed that CCL24, a potent eosinophil attractant, was the most upregulated gene following culture with A suum larvae in vitro, and human eosinophils displayed even greater ability to adhere to, and trap, A suum larvae. These data suggest that immune serum–activated macrophages can recruit eosinophils to the site of infection, where they act in concert to immobilize tissue‐migrating Ascaris larvae.
Parent‐adolescent physiological synchrony: Moderating effects of adolescent emotional insecurity
Authors: Li Zhi , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Liu Siwei , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated physiological synchrony in the parasympathetic nervous system among fathers, mothers, and adolescents during a real‐time family interaction, and child characteristics that may moderate the level of physiological synchrony. Our sample consisted of 191 families with adolescents (Mage = 12.4 years) and both of their parents, who participated in a triadic family conflict discussion. During the discussion, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured for all three family members. Multilevel analysis indicated a significant positive concurrent synchrony between adolescents and their mothers, as well as between fathers and mothers on a minute‐to‐minute basis. No RSA synchrony was found between adolescents and their fathers. Furthermore, adolescent emotional insecurity significantly moderated mother‐adolescent RSA synchrony. Whereas adolescents with low emotional insecurity exhibited positive synchrony with their mothers, no synchrony was observed when adolescent emotional insecurity was high. In conclusion, findings of the present study illuminate the patterns of RSA synchrony among parents and adolescents and highlight a link between adolescent emotional insecurity and attenuated mother‐adolescent physiological synchrony.
Patterns of Educational, Occupational, and Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth: The Role of Family, School, and Community*
Authors: Wang Donghui , Hagedorn Annelise DeJong , McLaughlin Diane K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch on youth and adolescents increasingly suggests that youths' aspirations are complex, multidimensional constructs. This is especially the case for rural youth, who may face conflicting goals when considering their educational, occupational, and residential aspirations. However, few studies have explored rural youths' aspirations from a MultiDimensional perspective. Using data from the younger cohort of the Rural Youth Education study, this research applies latent class analysis to examine the heterogeneity of rural youths' educational, occupational, and residential aspirations. Five distinct subgroups of youth are identified (1) ambitious stayers (27 percent), (2) ambitious yet uncertain youth (28 percent), (3) typical achievers (13 percent), (4) unambitious movers (8 percent), and (5) typical stayers (24 percent). These five subgroups of youth differ in their aspirations, the certainty of those aspirations, and perceived relationships among aspirations. Subsequent multinomial analysis shows strong associations of family, school, and community characteristics with youths' aspirational profiles. Youth with better family economic resources and good parent–child relationships are more likely to fall into the “typical achiever” category, relative to the other four categories. Understanding the interrelationship of rural youth's aspirations can help policymakers and community members develop strategies to assist rural youth in achieving an array of future goals.
Definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis: Timelines for fabrication and follow‐up
Authors: Ahmed Zain Uddin , Flynn Jessica , Riedel Elyn R. , Huryn Joseph M. , Rosen Evan B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionA definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis can be used to rehabilitate a maxillary defect with the aim of improving speech, deglutition, and elimination of oronasal regurgitation. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the time required to fabricate a definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis and (2) to compare the fabrication and follow‐up times between a patient's first and second definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was completed of patients that had maxillary definitive obturators fabricated following head and neck surgery from 2002 to 2018 (n = 173). Demographics, clinical data, date of surgery, start date of fabrication, follow‐up dates, and prosthesis follow‐up data were collected.ResultsThe median time to delivery of the patient's first definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis from the date of surgery was 7.7 months for nonradiated patients and 9.6 months for radiated patients (P ≤ .05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the median number of appointments to fabricate the 1st definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis as compared to the 2nd prosthesis (6 vs 5; P ≤ .05).ConclusionFabrication timelines differed based on history of radiotherapy and patient experience. This data is helpful to set expectations for patients and practitioners regarding the process for prosthesis fabrication and follow‐up.
Viral hepatitis in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Winston Anna , Wurcel Alysse G. , Gordon Craig , Goyal Nitender 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHepatitis B and hepatitis C (HCV) prevalence are higher in people on hemodialysis (HD) than the general population. Through implementation of prevention interventions including vaccines, serologic screening, and post‐exposure management, transmissions linked to HD have decreased dramatically. In this manuscript, we review epidemiology of viral hepatitis, summarize current screening and vaccine recommendations, and appraise the available data about efforts to decrease incidence within HD facilities, including isolation of people with viral hepatitis within HD units. Also included is a discussion of the highly effective all‐oral HCV treatment options and treatment for HCV in people awaiting kidney transplant.
Modification and validation of the mixed‐format Engineering Concept Assessment for middle school students using many‐facet Rasch measurement
Authors: Koskey Kristin L. K. , Makki Nidaa , Ahmed Wondimu , Garafolo Nicholas G. , Visco Donald P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntegrating engineering into the K‐12 science curriculum continues to be a focus in national reform efforts in science education. Although there is an increasing interest in research in and practice of integrating engineering in K‐12 science education, to date only a few studies have focused on the development of an assessment tool to measure students’ understanding of engineering design. Most of the existing measures focus only on knowledge and understanding of engineering design concepts using multiple‐choice items with the exception of the mixed‐format Engineering Concept Assessment (ECA). Also, advanced measurement models are lacking application in the testing of such mixed‐format assessments in science education. This study applied many‐faceted Rasch measurement to the modified ECA for eighth‐grade (ECA/M8) and a newly constructed rubric applied by five judges across 497 eighth‐grade students’ responses after experiencing an integrated learning unit on the engineering design process. The results supported the fit of the items and rubric rating scales to the Rasch specifications. Recommendations are made for item wording, and further reliability and validity testing of the ECA/M8, and use of the ECA/M8 in science education and research.
What does it mean to critique? An exploration of the types of critiques promoted in seventh‐grade mathematics curriculum and assessment materials
Authors: Ray Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile research in mathematics education has shown that mathematics assessments are highly consequential, traditional assessments often lag behind advancements in instructional methods. One such advancement is the promotion of mathematical habits of mind such as students' abilities to critique others' reasoning. This study explored the use of student work embedded in seventh‐grade curriculum‐based mathematics assessment tasks as a mechanism for critiquing others' thinking. The researcher investigated the prevalence and nature of student work in assessment tasks as compared to textbook tasks from five seventh‐grade, Common Core State Standards for Mathematics‐aligned curriculum series. The text analyses findings revealed that while there were multiple critique types in student work across both assessment and textbook tasks, there were substantial differences between students' opportunities to make sense of someone else's mathematical thinking in curriculum‐based assessments as compared to the student textbooks. These findings reinforced prior curriculum and assessment research that found assessment often lags behind instructional methods.
Outcome comparison between radiation therapy and surgery as primary treatment for dogs with periarticular histiocytic sarcoma: An Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology study
Authors: Marconato Laura , Sabattini Silvia , Buchholz Julia , Polton Gerry , Finotello Riccardo , Martano Marina , Willman Michael , Massari Federico , Agnoli Chiara , Gedon Julia , Cancedda Simona , Campigli Michela , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLocalized histiocytic sarcoma may occur as a primary lesion in periarticular tissues of large appendicular joints. Treatment options for the primary lesion include radical surgical excision, radiation therapy (RT), or both, in combination with chemotherapy for potential systemic metastases. In an effort to better characterize the time to progression (TTP) following surgical vs non‐surgical approaches for periarticular histiocytic sarcoma (PAHS), a contemporary European population of affected dogs was retrospectively surveyed. Medical records were queried for newly‐diagnosed PAHS cases undergoing surgery (predominantly limb amputation) or RT followed by systemic chemotherapy. Of 49 dogs, 34 underwent RT and 15 underwent surgery. All dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in TTP or overall survival between groups. The median TTP was 336 days for the operated dogs and 217 days for the irradiated dogs (P = .117). The median overall survival time was 398 days for the operated dogs and 240 days for the irradiated dogs (P = .142). On multi‐variable analysis, the variables significantly associated with an increased risk of both tumour progression and tumour‐related death were regional lymph node and distant metastasis at admission. Survival and local control rates following RT may be comparable to radical resection. These data may better inform shared decision‐making processes between multi‐disciplinary care providers and owners.
Retention of basic suturing skills with brief or extended practice in veterinary students
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Yamada Nalani , Hofmeister Erik H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of practice duration on accuracy, retention, and confidence when learning how to tie basic surgical knots.Study designProspective study.Sample populationFifteen first‐year veterinary students.MethodsStudents were randomly assigned to a 2‐week practice (TWP) or an 8‐week practice (EWP) to learn how to tie surgeon's, strangle, and miller's knots. Students' knot‐tying accuracy and confidence were evaluated immediately after training, at an intermediate time point (2‐6 weeks postpractice), and at 12 weeks postpractice.ResultsStudents who had been trained during an extended period tied the strangle knot correctly more often at all assessments (P = .025). The ability of students trained for 2 weeks to tie the strangle knot correctly decreased over time (P = .028). These students lost some confidence (P = .03) and repositioned suture more frequently (P = .03) while constructing the strangle knot at the final time point compared with students trained for 8 weeks. Students who completed TWP felt more confident at placing surgeon's knots than friction knots at the final assessment period (P = .0164 miller's knot, P = .0056 strangle knot), whereas confidence did not differ between knot types for students who completed EWP. All students felt less confident with their knot‐tying skills at 12 weeks postpractice.ConclusionTraining for 8 weeks rather than for 2 weeks resulted in superior knot tying skills. Students' confidence decreased 12 weeks after training.Clinical significanceProlonged distributed practice is recommended to train students for more complex tasks such as placement of a strangle knot.
Previous recreational cold exposure does not alter endothelial function or sensory thermal thresholds in the hands or feet
Authors: Eglin Clare M. , Costello Joseph T. , Tipton Michael J. , Massey Heather 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does recreational cold exposure result in cold sensitivity and is this associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired sensory thermal thresholds?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Previous cold exposure was correlated with cold sensitivity of the foot, which might indicate the development of a subclinical non‐freezing cold injury. Endothelial function and thermal detection were not impaired in cold‐sensitive individuals; therefore, further research is required to understand the pathophysiology of subclinical and clinical forms of non‐freezing cold injury.
AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether cold‐sensitive (CS) individuals, who rewarm more slowly after a mild cold challenge, have impaired endothelial function and sensory thermal thresholds (STTs) and whether this is related to reported cold exposure. Twenty‐seven participants with varying previous cold exposure undertook three tests: an STT test, i.e. determination of warm and cold STTs of the fingers and dorsal foot; an endothelial function test, i.e. measurement of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during iontophoresis of ACh on the forearm, finger and foot; and a CS test, involving immersion of a foot for 2 min in water at 15°C followed by 10 min of rewarming in air at 30°C. Toe skin temperature (Tsk) measured during the CS test was used to form a CS group (<32°C before and 5 min after immersion) and an otherwise closely matched control group [Tsk >32°C; n = 9 (four women) for both groups]. A moderate relationship was found between cold exposure ranking and Tsk rewarming (r = 0.408, P = 0.035, n = 27) but not STT or endothelial function. The Tsk and blood flow were lower in CS compared with control subjects before and after foot immersion [Tsk, mean (SD): 30.3 (0.9) versus 34.8 (0.8) and 27.9 (0.8) versus 34.3 (0.8)°C, P < 0.001; and CVC: 1.08 (0.79) versus 3.82 (1.21) and 0.79 (0.52) versus 3.45 (1.07) flux mmHg−1, n = 9, P < 0.001, respectively]. However, no physiologically significant differences were observed between groups for endothelial function or STT. A moderate correlation between previous cold exposure and toe Tsk rewarming after foot immersion was observed; however, CS was not associated with impaired endothelial function or reduced thermal detection.
Anterior–Posterior Balance Perturbation Protocol Using Lifelike Virtual Reality Environment
Authors: Sandri Heidner Gustavo , Rider Patrick M. , Mizelle J.C. , O’Connell Caitlin M. , Murray Nicholas P. , Domire Zachary J. 
Published: May 2020

Virtual reality (VR) paradigms have proved to be a valid method to challenge and perturb balance. There is little consensus in the literature on the best protocol design to perturb balance and induce postural sway. Current VR interventions still lack a well-defined standardized metric to generate a virtual environment that can perturb balance in an efficacious, lifelike, and repeatable manner. The objective of this study was to investigate different configurations of amplitude and frequency in an anterior–posterior translation VR environment, that is, lifelike and scaled. Thirteen young adults with no conditions affecting balance were recruited. Balance was challenged by anterior–posterior sinusoidal movement of the lab image within the VR headset. Four different amplitudes of the sinusoidal movement were tested: 1, 5, 10, and 20 cm, with each amplitude being presented at 2 test frequencies : 0.5 and 0.25 Hz. Mean center of pressure velocity was significantly greater than baseline at 0.5 Hz and amplitudes of 10 and 20 cm. Mean center of pressure at approximate entropy was greater than baseline at 0.5 Hz and amplitude of 20 cm. The results suggest that sinusoidal movement of a realistic VR environment produces altered balance compared with baseline quiet standing, but only under specific movement parameters.
Recent advancements in geochronology, geologic mapping, and landslide characterization in basement rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains block
Authors: Nourse Jonathan A. , Swanson Brian J. , Lusk Alexander D. , Barth Nicolas C. , Schwartz Joshua J. , Vermillion Karissa B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
This field trip examines Paleoproterozoic basement, Neoproterozoic metasedimentary strata, and crosscutting Mesozoic intrusive rocks at Frazier Mountain, Placerita Canyon, and Limerock Canyon in the western San Gabriel Mountains block, California. We present new U-Pb zircon geochronology results that constrain the Proterozoic through Cretaceous tectonic and magmatic history. The excursion ends in San Antonio Canyon in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains where several large rock avalanche deposits are sourced from distinct basement rocks. 10Be surface exposure ages and post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence burial ages demonstrate late Pleistocene to Holocene movements for these landslides.
How do the prevalence and relative risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts vary across the population distribution of common mental distress (the p factor)? Observational analyses replicated in two independent UK cohorts of young people
Authors: Polek Ela , Neufeld Sharon A S , Wilkinson Paul , Goodyer Ian , St Clair Michelle , Prabhu Gita , Dolan Ray , Bullmore Edward T , Fonagy Peter , Stochl Jan , Jones Peter B 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo inform suicide prevention policies and responses to youths at risk by investigating whether suicide risk is predicted by a summary measure of common mental distress (CMD (the p factor)) as well as by conventional psychopathological domains; to define the distribution of suicide risks over the population range of CMD; to test whether such distress mediates the medium-term persistence of suicide risks.DesignTwo independent population-based cohorts.SettingPopulation based in two UK centres.ParticipantsVolunteers aged 14–24 years recruited from primary healthcare registers, schools and colleges, with advertisements to complete quotas in age-sex-strata. Cohort 1 is the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n=2403); cohort 2 is the ROOTS sample (n=1074).Primary outcome measuresSuicidal thoughts (ST) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).ResultsWe calculated a CMD score using confirmatory bifactor analysis and then used logistic regressions to determine adjusted associations between risks and CMD; curve fitting was used to examine the relative prevalence of STs and NSSI over the population distribution of CMD. We found a dose–response relationship between levels of CMD and risk of suicide. The majority of all subjects experiencing ST and NSSI (78% and 76% in cohort 1, and 66% and 71% in cohort 2) had CMD scores no more than 2 SDs above the population mean; higher scores indicated the highest risk but were, by definition, infrequent. Pathway mediation models showed that CMD mediated the longitudinal course of both ST and NSSI.ConclusionsNSSI and ST in youths reflect CMD that also mediates their persistence. Universal prevention strategies reducing levels of CMD in the whole population without recourse to screening or measurement may prevent more suicides than approaches targeting youths with the most severe distress or with psychiatric disorders.