bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction
Authors: Aumailley Monique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction keeps the epidermis attached to the dermis. This anatomical barrier is made up of four categories of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen IV, laminin, nidogen and perlecan. These proteins are precisely arranged in a well‐defined architecture through specific interactions between the structural domains of the individual components. Some of the molecular constituents are provided by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, while others are synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts or keratinocytes. It remains to be determined how the components from the fibroblasts are targeted to the dermal‐epidermal junction and correctly organized and integrated with the proteins from the adjacent keratinocytes to form the basement membrane.
The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for integumentary wound management
Authors: Weigelt Maximillian A. , Sivamani Raja , Lev‐Tov Hadar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increasing legalization of Cannabis for recreational and medicinal purposes in the United States has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids (CBs) for human disease. The skin has its own endocannabinoid system (eCS) which is a key regulator of various homeostatic processes, including those necessary for normal physiologic wound healing. Data on the use of CBs for wound healing are scarce. Compelling pre‐clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of CBs to improve wound healing by modulating key molecular pathways is herein reviewed. These findings merit further exploration in basic science, translational and clinical studies.
Association between frailty and changes in lifestyle and physical or psychological conditions among older adults affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 countermeasures in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Tomoyuki , Saida Kosuke , Tanaka Shigeya , Murayama Akihiko 
Published: November 2020

AimThis study aimed to clarify the association between frailty and changes in lifestyle and physical or psychological conditions among community‐dwelling older adults affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 countermeasures in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out between 8 May and 12 June 2020 in Japan. Self‐reported questionnaires were distributed among 1353 older adults. To assess frailty, we used the frailty screening index. To assess changes in lifestyle and physical or psychological conditions, we developed the Questionnaire for Change of Life (QCL), which comprised five items related to frailty. Cronbach's α was calculated as a measure of internal consistency of QCL. We compared the score for each item in the QCL between the frailty and non‐frailty groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to show the factors that affect frailty status.ResultsIn total, 856 older adults (63.3%) were analyzed. A total of 83 participants (9.7%) had frailty, and 755 participants (90.3%) had non‐frailty. Cronbach's α for QCL was 0.552. We observed a significant decrease in daily movement, leg muscle strength and meal size among older adults with frailty compared with non‐frailty (P < 0.001). Subjective leg muscle strength (odds ratio 3.257, 95% confidence interval 2.236–4.746) was negatively correlated with frailty.ConclusionsWe suggest that each individual QCL item should be used in analyses involving the QCL. This report showed that subjective lifestyle changes affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 countermeasures were associated with frailty status. In particular, as older adults were aware of a decrease in their leg muscle strength, they were significantly more frail. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 39–42.
Introduction to domestic violence, abuse, and coercive control for counselors: An evaluation of the impact of training
Authors: Rodriguez Leonor , Power Elizabeth , Glynn Evelyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the context of a global pandemic which has witnessed a significant increase in domestic violence, and therefore has also increased the demand for support provision; this article is reporting on the impact of a domestic violence, abuse and coercive control training targeted at counselors. This nonexperimental pre/post/follow‐up comparison provides evidence for the capacity of training programs to equip counselors with the knowledge and skills to increase awareness and work effectively with clients experiencing domestic violence and their families. Organizational and personal characteristics support the work of practitioners in this field; however, challenges identified still need to be addressed.
Incidence of pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy in pacemaker‐dependent patients is lower with leadless pacemakers compared to transvenous pacemakers
Authors: Sanchez Reynaldo , Nadkarni Anish , Buck Benjamin , Daoud Georges , Koppert Tanner , Okabe Toshimasa , Houmsse Mahmoud , Weiss Raul , Augostini Ralph , Hummel John D. , Kalbfleisch Steven , Daoud Emile G. , Afzal Muhammad R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionFrequent right AQ4ventricular pacing (≥40%) with a transvenous pacemaker (TVP) is associated with the risk of pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Leadless pacemakers (LPs) have distinct physical and mechanical differences from TVP. The risk of PICM with LP is not known. To identify incidence, predictors, and long‐term outcomes of PICM in LP and TVP patients.MethodsThe study comprised all pacemaker‐dependent patients with LP or TVP who had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50 from 2014 to 2019. The incidence of PICM (≥10% LVEF drop) was assessed with an echocardiogram. Predictors for PICM were identified using multivariate analysis. Long‐term outcomes after cardiac resynchronization (CRT) were assessed in both groups.ResultsA total of 131 patients with TVP and 67 with LP comprised the study. All patients in the TVP group and the majority in the LP group underwent atrioventricular node ablation. The mean follow‐up duration in TVP and LP groups was 592 ± 549 and 817 ± 600 days, respectively. A total of 18 (13.7%) patients in TVP and 2 (3%) in LP developed PICM after a median duration of 254 (interquartile range: 470) days. The incidence of PICM was significantly higher with TVP compared with LP (p = .02). TVP as pacing modality was a positive (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07) while age was negative (OR: 0.94) predictor for PICM on multivariable analysis. Both patients in LP and all except two in the TVP group responded to CRT.ConclusionIncidence of PICM is significantly lower with LP compared with TVP in pacemaker‐dependent patients. Age and TVP as pacing modality were predictors for PICM.
Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias following lung transplant: Electrophysiological findings and outcomes
Authors: Mariani Marco V. , Pothineni Naga Venkata K. , Arkles Jeffrey , Deo Rajat , Frankel David S , Supple Gregory , Garcia Fermin , Lin David , Hyman Matthew C. , Kumareswaran Ramanan , Riley Michael , Nazarian Saman , Schaller Robert D. , Epstein Andrew E. , Bermudez Christian , Dixit Sanjay , Callans David , Marchlinski Francis E. , Santangeli Pasquale 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionData on the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias (AAs) and outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) in lung transplantation (LT) patients are insufficient. We evaluated the electrophysiologic features and outcomes of CA of AAs in LT patients.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a retrospective study of all the LT patients who underwent CA for AAs at our institution between 2004 and 2019. A total of 15 patients (43% males, age: 61 ± 10 years) with a history of LT (60% bilateral and 40% unilateral) were identified. All patients had documented organized AA on surface electrocardiogram and seven patients also had atrial fibrillation (AF; 47% with >1 clinical arrhythmia). At electrophysiological study, 19 organized AAs were documented (48% focal and 52% macro‐re‐entrant). Focal atrial tachycardias/flutters were targeted along the pulmonary vein (PV) anastomotic site at the left inferior PV (n = 2), ridge and carina of the left superior PV (n = 2), left atrium (LA) posterior wall (n = 3), LA roof (n = 1), and tricuspid annulus (n = 1). Macro‐re‐entrant AAs included cavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent flutter (n = 2), incisional LA flutter (n = 4), LA roof‐dependent flutter (n = 1), and mitral annular flutter (n = 3). In patients with LA mapping (n = 13), PV reconnection on the side of the LT was found in six patients (40%, all with clinically documented AF), with a mean of 2.1 ± 0.9 PVs reconnected per patient. Patients with AF underwent successful PV isolation. After a median follow‐up of 19 months (range: 6–86 months), 75% of patients remained free from recurrent AAs. No procedural major complications occurred.ConclusionIn patients with prior LT, recurrent AAs are typically associated with substrate surrounding the surgical anastomotic lines and/or chronically reconnected PVs. CA of AAs in this population is safe and effective to achieve long‐term arrhythmia control.
Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: An observational study in a contemporary multi‐ethnic population
Authors: Coles Briana , Zaccardi Francesco , Ling Suping , Davies Melanie J , Samani Nilesh J , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine ethnicity‐specific associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event as well as risk of specific CVD phenotypes in England.MethodsWe obtained data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink for adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2000–2006. The outcome was the first CVD event during 2007–2017 and the following components: aortic aneurysm, cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and other CVD‐related conditions. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate ethnicity‐specific adjusted hazard ratios.ResultsA total of 734,543 people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (29,847; 4.1%) were included; most were of white ethnicity (93.0% with and 92.3% without type 2 diabetes mellitus) followed by South Asian (3.2 and 4.6%). During a median follow‐up period of 11.0 years, 67,218 events occurred (6,156 in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with a small increase in CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.09) in individuals of white ethnicity; whereas the adjusted hazard ratios were considerably higher in individuals of South Asian ethnicity (1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.51), primarily due to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.18).ConclusionsDespite universal access to healthcare, there are large disparities in CVD outcomes in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other non‐traditional risk factors might play a role in the higher CVD risk associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals of South Asian ethnicity.
Regulate or tolerate: Thermal strategy of a coral reef flat resident, the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum
Authors: Nay Tiffany J , Longbottom Rohan J , Gervais Connor R , Johansen Jacob L , Steffensen John F , Rummer Jodie L , Hoey Andrew S 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTHighly variable thermal environments, such as coral reef flats, are challenging for marine ectotherms and are thought to invoke the use of behavioural strategies to avoid extreme temperatures and seek out thermal environments close to their preferred temperatures. Common to coral reef flats, the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) possesses physiological adaptations to hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, such as those experienced on reef flats, but little is known regarding the thermal strategies used by these sharks. We investigated whether H. ocellatum uses behavioural thermoregulation (i.e., movement to occupy thermally favourable microhabitats) or tolerates the broad range of temperatures experienced on the reef flat. Using an automated shuttlebox system, we determined the preferred temperature of H. ocellatum under controlled laboratory conditions and then compared this preferred temperature to 6 months of in situ environmental and body temperatures of individual H. ocellatum across the Heron Island reef flat. The preferred temperature of H. ocellatum under controlled conditions was 20.7 ± 1.5°C, but the body temperatures of individual H. ocellatum on the Heron Island reef flat mirrored environmental temperatures regardless of season or month. Despite substantial temporal variation in temperature on the Heron Island reef flat (15–34°C during 2017), there was a lack of spatial variation in temperature across the reef flat between sites or microhabitats. This limited spatial variation in temperature creates a low‐quality thermal habitat limiting the ability of H. ocellatum to behaviourally thermoregulate. Behavioural thermoregulation is assumed in many shark species, but it appears that H. ocellatum may utilize other physiological strategies to cope with extreme temperature fluctuations on coral reef flats. While H. ocellatum appears to be able to tolerate acute exposure to temperatures well outside of their preferred temperature, it is unclear how this, and other, species will cope as temperatures continue to rise and approach their critical thermal limits. Understanding how species will respond to continued warming and the strategies they may use will be key to predicting future populations and assemblages.
Abscisic acid receptors maintain abscisic acid homeostasis by modulating UGT71C5 glycosylation activity
Authors: Ma Yanlin , Cao Jing , Chen Qiaoqiao , He Jiahan , Liu Zhibin , Wang Jianmei , Li Xufeng , Yang Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUridine diphosphate‐glucosyltransferases (UGTs) maintain abscisic acid (ABA) homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana by converting ABA to abscisic acid‐glucose ester (ABA‐GE). UGT71C5 plays an important role in the generation of ABA‐GE. Abscisic acid receptors are crucial upstream components of the ABA signaling pathway, but how UGTs and ABA receptors function together to modulate ABA levels is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the ABA receptors RCAR12/13 and UGT71C5 maintain ABA homeostasis in Arabidopsis following rehydration under drought stress. Biochemical analyses show that UGT71C5 directly interacted with RCAR8/12/13 in yeast cells, and the interactions between UGT71C5 and RCAR12/13 were enhanced by ABA treatment. Enzyme activity analysis showed that ABA‐GE contents were significantly elevated in the presence of RCAR12 or RCAR13, suggesting that these ABA receptors enhance the activity of UGT71C5. Determination of the content of ABA and ABA‐GE in Arabidopsis following rehydration under drought stress revealed that ABA‐GE contents were significantly higher in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing RCAR12 and RCAR13 than in non‐transformed plants and plants overexpressing RCAR11 following rehydration under drought stress. These observations suggest that RCAR12 and RCAR13 enhance the activity of UGT71C5 to glycosylate excess ABA into ABA‐GE following rehydration under drought stress, representing a rapid mechanism for regulating plant growth and development.
A recent retrotransposon insertion of J caused E6 locus facilitating soybean adaptation into low latitude
Authors: Fang Chao , Liu Jun , Zhang Ting , Su Tong , Li Shichen , Cheng Qun , Kong Lingping , Li Xiaoming , Bu Tiantian , Li Haiyang , Dong Lidong , Lu Sijia , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is an important legume crop that was domesticated in temperate regions. Soybean varieties from these regions generally mature early and exhibit extremely low yield when grown under inductive short‐day (SD) conditions at low latitudes. The long‐juvenile (LJ) trait, which is characterized by delayed flowering and maturity, and improved yield under SD conditions, allowed the cultivation of soybean to expand to lower latitudes. Two major loci control the LJ trait: J and E6. In the current study, positional cloning, sequence analysis, and transgenic complementation confirmed that E6 is a novel allele of J, the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). The mutant allele e6PG, which carries a Ty1/Copia‐like retrotransposon insertion, does not suppress the legume‐specific flowering repressor E1, allowing E1 to inhibit Flowering Locus T (FT) expression and thus delaying flowering and increasing yields under SD conditions. The e6PG allele is a rare allele that has not been incorporated into modern breeding programs. The dysfunction of J might have greatly facilitated the adaptation of soybean to low latitudes. Our findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the LJ trait and provide valuable resources for soybean breeding.
Retinoid stability and degradation kinetics in commercial cosmetic products
Authors: Temova Rakuša Žane , Škufca Petja , Kristl Albin , Roškar Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetinoids as dermatological agents are effective against acne, psoriasis, skin aging, and other skin conditions. However, their susceptibility to degradation is a limiting factor for their widespread use.ObjectivesWithin this study, we aimed to provide comprehensive and evidence‐based information on retinoid stability and degradation kinetics in commercial cosmetics, focusing on different factors affecting their stability.MethodsA validated HPLC‐UV methodology was utilized for determination of the most common retinoids in cosmetics (retinol, retinyl palmitate, β‐carotene) and a newer promising retinoid (hydroxypinacolone retinoate). The stability of 16 retinoid derivatives in 12 commercial cosmetics was evaluated within 6 months of long‐term and accelerated stability testing in addition to a one‐week photostability study. Retinoid degradation in the tested formulations followed first‐order kinetics, which was further applied to shelf‐life prediction.ResultsLong‐term and accelerated stability testing revealed retinoid instabilities in almost all products, resulting in a 0%‐80% decline after 6 months at 25°C and a 40%‐100% decline at 40°C, which were kinetically evaluated. Light degradation was more pronounced than temperature‐induced degradation. Among the studied retinoids, the stability of the newer hydroxypinacolone retinoate was the most prominent. This study also identifies correlations between retinoid concentrations, price, formulation, and their stability in cosmetics.ConclusionsRetinoid instabilities were formulation‐dependent and associated with lower contents than declared in some cosmetics. Retinoid chemical stability and physical stability in topical formulations need to be evaluated by real‐time stability studies, instead of the more frequently used accelerated stability studies.
Early presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Mexico with a contemporary dominance of the global panzootic lineage
Authors: Basanta M. Delia , Byrne Allison Q. , Rosenblum Erica Bree , Piovia‐Scott Jonah , Parra‐Olea Gabriela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a devastating infectious disease of amphibians. Retrospective studies using museum vouchers and genetic samples supported the hypothesis that Bd colonized Mexico from North America and then continued to spread into Central and South America, where it led to dramatic losses in tropical amphibian biodiversity (the epizootic wave hypothesis). While these studies suggest that Bd has been in Mexico since the 1970s, information regarding the historical and contemporary occurrence of different pathogen genetic lineages across the country is limited. In the current study, we investigated the historical and contemporary patterns of Bd in Mexico. We combined the swabbing of historical museum vouchers and sampling of wild amphibians with a custom Bd genotyping assay to assess the presence, prevalence, and genetic diversity of Bd over time in Mexico. We found Bd‐positive museum specimens from the late 1800s, far earlier than previous records and well before recent amphibian declines. With Bd genotypes from samples collected between 1975–2019, we observed a contemporary dominance of the global panzootic lineage in Mexico and report four genetic subpopulations and potential for admixture among these populations. The observed genetic variation did not have a clear geographic signature or provide clear support for the epizootic wave hypothesis. These results provide a framework for testing new questions regarding Bd invasions and their temporal relationship to observed amphibian declines in the Americas.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of cow dung reveals taxonomic and functional diversity of invertebrate assemblages
Authors: Sigsgaard Eva Egelyng , Olsen Kent , Hansen Morten D. D. , Hansen Oskar Liset Pryds , Høye Toke Thomas , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Thomsen Philip Francis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsects and other terrestrial invertebrates are declining in species richness and abundance. This includes the invertebrates associated with herbivore dung, which have been negatively affected by grazing abandonment and the progressive loss of large herbivores since the Late Pleistocene. Importantly, traditional monitoring of these invertebrates is time‐consuming and requires considerable taxonomic expertise, which is becoming increasingly scarce. In this study, we investigated the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of cow dung samples for biomonitoring of dung‐associated invertebrates. From eight cowpats we recovered eDNA from 12 orders, 29 families, and at least 54 species of invertebrates (mostly insects), representing several functional groups. Furthermore, species compositions differed between the three sampled habitats of dry grassland, meadow, and forest. These differences were in accordance with the species’ ecology; for instance, several species known to be associated with humid conditions or lower temperatures were found only in the forest habitat. We discuss potential caveats of the method, as well as directions for future study and perspectives for implementation in research and monitoring.
Demonstrating equivalence and non‐inferiority of medical education concepts
Authors: Klasen Martin , Sopka Saša 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextIn medical education, there are often several didactic methods for teaching and learning a specific medical skill. For educators, there are often pragmatic reasons to decide for one or another of them, such as costs, infrastructural requirements, time expenditure or qualification of the teacher. However, a central aspect to consider is the learning outcome: Does a new method achieve a similar learning success as an established standard method? To answer this question, we need an appropriate method to assess comparability of learning outcomes.MethodsIn this paper, we present two essential statistical concepts that can address the issue of comparability of learning outcomes: Equivalence and non‐inferiority testing. We explain the ideas behind these concepts and illustrate them with an example data set. To clarify several concepts, we use theoretical examples from one selected field: the teaching and assessment of Basic Life Support (BLS).ConclusionsEquivalence and non‐inferiority tests can be powerful tools for comparing teaching and assessment methods. However, their correct application requires adequate knowledge about their strengths, pitfalls and application fields. The aim of this paper is to deliver this knowledge and to provide clinician researchers with a practical guidance to a successful application of these methods.