bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscoacoustic least-squares migration with a blockwise Hessian matrix: an effective Q approach
Authors: Song Mingpeng , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhang Jiangjie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present an explicit inverse approach using a Hessian matrix for least-squares migration (LSM) with Q compensation. The scheme is developed by incorporating an effective Q-based solution of the viscoacoustic wave equation into a blockwise approximation to the Hessian in LSM, which is implemented after the so-called deabsorption prestack time migration (PSTM). The effective Q model used fully accounts for frequency-dependent traveltime and amplitude at the same imaging location. We can extract the effective Q parameters by scanning during previous deabsorption PSTM. This avoids the challenging task of building the Q model. The blockwise Hessian matrix approach decomposes the full Hessian matrix into a series of computationally tractable small-sized matrices using a localised approach. We derive the explicit formula of the offset-dependent Hessian matrix using an analytical Green's function obtained from deabsorption PSTM. In this way, we can approximate a reflectivity imaging for the targeted zone by a spatial deconvolution of the migrated result with an explicit inverse. The resulting scheme broadens the frequency-band of imaging by deabsorption, and improves the subsurface illumination and spatial resolution through the inverse Hessian. A high-resolution, true-amplitude migrated gather can then be obtained. Synthetic and field data sets demonstrate the proposed blockwise LS-QPSTM.
Discovery of a pulsar wind nebula around B0950 + 08 with the ELWA
Authors: Ruan D , Taylor G B , Dowell J , Stovall K , Schinzel F K , Demorest P B 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
With the Expanded Long Wavelength Array and pulsar binning techniques, we searched for off-pulse emission from PSR B0950 + 08 at 76 MHz. Previous studies suggest that off-pulse emission can be due to pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) in younger pulsars. Other studies, such as that done by Basu et al., propose that in older pulsars this emission extends to some radius that is on the order of the light cylinder radius, and is magnetospheric in origin. Through imaging analysis, we conclude that this older pulsar with a spin-down age of 17 Myr has a surrounding PWN, which is unexpected since as a pulsar ages its PWN spectrum is thought to shift from being synchrotron to inverse Compton scattering dominated. At 76 MHz, the average flux density of the off-pulse emission is 0.59 ± 0.16 Jy. The off-pulse emission from B0950+08 is ∼ 110 ± 17 arcsec (0.14 ± 0.02 pc) in size, extending well beyond the light cylinder diameter and ruling out a magnetospheric origin. Using data from our observation and the surveys VLSSr, TGSS, NVSS, FIRST, and VLASS, we have found that the spectral index for B0950 + 08 is about −1.36 ± 0.20, while the PWN’s spectral index is steeper than −1.85 ± 0.45.
Cranial irradiation induces axon initial segment dysfunction and neuronal injury in the prefrontal cortex and impairs hippocampal coupling
Authors: Zhang Die , Zhou Wei , Lam Thanh Thai , Li Yan , Duman Joseph G , Dougherty Patrick M , Grosshans David R 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy for brain tumors commonly induces cognitive dysfunction. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for a diverse array of cognitive processes, however, its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is unknown. We previously found that cranial irradiation impairs neuroplasticity along the hippocampal–PFC pathway. Herein, we hypothesized that brain irradiation directly affects the firing properties of PFC neurons, contributing to deficits in neuronal functions.MethodsIn vivo recordings were used to monitor the firing activities of PFC neurons and local field potentials in both PFC and hippocampal CA1/subicular regions after cranial irradiation of Sprague Dawley rats. We further assessed the impacts of irradiation on axon initial segments (AISs) with immunofluorescence assays of PFC slices.ResultsWe found that PFC neurons exhibited increased excitation 3 days after radiation and the timing of increased excitation coincided with elongation of the AIS. At 2 weeks, excitation levels returned to nearly normal levels however the population of spontaneously firing neurons decreased. While the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the PFC was not different, persistent neuronal injury, manifested as ATF-3 staining, was present at 2 weeks. Radiation also disrupted communication along the hippocampal–PFC pathway, with elongation of the phase lag between regions. Analysis of paired-pulse ratios suggested that this was secondary to presynaptic dysfunction.ConclusionsCranial irradiation excited and injured surviving PFC neurons and was associated with a partial block of PFC’s functional coupling to the hippocampus. These deficits in the PFC may contribute to radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Marinicella rhabdoformis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Zhong Yan-lin , Sun Xun-Ke , Hui Jian-Gang , Teng Hui-ling , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: May 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 3539T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Weihai, PR China. Optimal growth occurred at 28 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 3539T formed a robust clade with members of the genus

Marinicella

and was closely related to

Marinicella litoralis

JCM 16154T,

Marinicella sediminis

F2T and

Marinicella pacifica

sw153T with 97.7, 96.2 and 95.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. The average amino acid identity, percentage of conserved proteins, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 3539T and

M. litoralis

JCM 16154T were 64.9, 68.3, 72.8 and 18.9 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 3539T was 42.0 mol%. The dominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c). The polar lipids of strain 3539T consisted of phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified lipid and three unidentified phospholipids. Based on the combination of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 3539T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus

Marinicella

in he family

Alcanivoracaceae

, for which the name Marinicella rhabdoformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the new species is 3539T (=KCTC 72414T=MCCC 1H00388T).
How many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the US if its interventions were as effective as those in China and South Korea?
Authors: Liu Kai , Song Yukun , Li Menghui , Shen Zhesi , Wang Ming , Wu Jinshan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 [1] pandemic has forced governments to take measures to contain the spread of the disease [2]; however, the effects have varied significantly from one country to another contingent on governments’ responses. Countries that have flattened their coronavirus curves prove that interventions can bring COVID-19 under control. These achievements hold lessons, such as the strict social distancing and coordinated efforts of all government levels in China and massive testing in South Korea, for other countries battling the coronavirus around the world. In this work, we attempt to estimate how many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the United States (US) when compared with the US’s actual number of cases assuming that on a certain date, the US took China-like or South Korea-like interventions and that these interventions would have been as effective in the US as in China and South Korea. We found that if that date was at the early stage of the outbreak (March 10), more than 99% (1.15 million) fewer infected cases could be expected by the end of the epidemic. This number decreases to 66.03% and 73.06% fewer infected cases with the China-like scenario and the South Korea-like scenario, respectively, if actions were taken on April 1, highlighting the need to respond quickly and effectively to fight the virus. Furthermore, we found that although interventions in both China and South Korea allowed the COVID-19 outbreak to be managed, the epidemic could still oscillate without strict large-scale ‘lockdown’ measures, as shown in South Korea. Our results demonstrate that early effective interventions can save considerably more people from infection and provide a worldwide alert regard the need for swift response.
YouTube as an information source during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: Evaluation of the Turkish and English content
Authors: Ataç Ömer , Özalp Yunus Can , Kurnaz Rifat , Güler Osman Murat , İnamlık Melikşah , Hayran Osman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBakcgroundYouTube is an important online source of information. And its viewing numbers tend to increase exponentially in extraordinary situations. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the contents of the most frequently viewed YouTube videos during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this study, contents of the most frequently viewed Turkish and English videos regarding COVID-19 pandemics are examined and scored with modified DISCERN, MICI and VPI.ResultsThe mean DISCERN score of Turkish videos is similar to English videos (2.55±1.40 and 2.43±1.25 respectively). Total MICI score tends to be higher in Turkish videos. 86.9% of all 168 videos and 65.2% of all 23 misleading videos were released by news channels. Average view counts, view ratios, and VPIs of misleading videos are higher than the useful videos.DiscussionSince there is not a peer-review system on YouTube, it is very important for the content of videos that are released through news channels to be accurate because the important messages can be spread among people in society through them. Especially some Turkish videos included many different rumors and faulty statements. During the extraordinary situations such as the pandemics, the videos of official health authorities and international institutions should be more visible in YouTube.
Disparity sensitivity and binocular integration in mouse visual cortex areas
Authors: La Chioma Alessandro , Bonhoeffer Tobias , Hübener Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBinocular disparity, the difference between the two eyes’ images, is a powerful cue to generate the three-dimensional depth percept known as stereopsis. In primates, binocular disparity is processed in multiple areas of the visual cortex, with distinct contributions of higher areas to specific aspects of depth perception. Mice, too, can perceive stereoscopic depth, and neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) and higher-order, lateromedial (LM) and rostrolateral (RL) areas were found to be sensitive to binocular disparity. A detailed characterization of disparity tuning properties across mouse visual areas is lacking, however, and acquiring such data might help clarifying the role of higher areas for disparity processing and establishing putative functional correspondences to primate areas. We used two-photon calcium imaging to characterize the disparity tuning properties of neurons in mouse visual areas V1, LM, and RL in response to dichoptically presented binocular gratings, as well as correlated and anticorrelated random dot stereograms (RDS). In all three areas, many neurons were tuned to disparity, showing strong response facilitation or suppression at optimal or null disparity, respectively. This was even the case in neurons classified as monocular by conventional ocular dominance measurements. Spatial clustering of similarly tuned neurons was observed at a scale of about 10 μm. Finally, we probed neurons’ sensitivity to true stereo correspondence by comparing responses to correlated and anticorrelated RDS. Area LM, akin to primate ventral visual stream areas, showed higher selectivity for correlated stimuli and reduced anticorrelated responses, indicating higher-level disparity processing in LM compared to V1 and RL.
Ray tracing models for estimating light collection properties of microstructured tapered optical fibers for optical neural interfaces
Authors: Maglie Emanuela , Pisanello Marco , Pisano Filippo , Balena Antonio , Bianco Marco , Spagnolo Barbara , Sileo Leonardo , Sabatini Bernardo L. , De Vittorio Massimo , Pisanello Ferruccio 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTapered optical fibers (TFs) were recently employed for depth-resolved monitoring of functional fluorescence in sub-cortical brain structures, enabling light collection from groups of a few cells through small optical windows located on the taper edge [1]. Here we present a numerical model to estimate light collection properties of microstructured TFs implanted in scattering brain tissue. Ray tracing coupled withHenyey-Greensteinscattering model enables the estimation of both light collection and fluorescence excitation fields in three dimensions, whose combination is employed to retrieve the volume of tissue probed by the device.
Anxiety among the general population during Coronavirus-19 Disease in Saudi Arabia: Implications for a Mental Support Program
Authors: Alsaqri Salman H. , Alkwiese Mohannad J. , Aldalaykeh Mohammed K. , Hamzi Mada Ibrahim , Mahdi Mada Mousa , Shafie Zainab M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an worldwide health emergency that threatens mental health of general public. Research data are required to establish evidence-based approaches to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety during the outbreak. This study aimed to survey the general public in Saudi Arabia to help in understanding their levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsThe researchers performed an on-line survey using snowball sampling methods from April 1 through April 10, 2020. The online survey collected demographics information data, while the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) was used to measure anxiety level.ResultsThis study consisted of 709 respondents from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The general population reported mild to moderate rates of anxiety. Married respondents were associated with a significantly higher level of anxiety (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe respondents reported mild to moderate anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.Implication for practiceThe results of this study identify the implications to lower levels of anxiety that may be used during the COVID-19 outbreak to develop mental health support programs to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups.
Frontolimbic brain volume abnormalities in bipolar disorder with suicide attempts
Authors: Jabbi Mbemba , Weber Wade , Welge Jeffrey , Nery Fabiano , Tallman Maxwell , Gable Austin , Fleck David E. , Lippard Elizabeth T.C. , DelBello Melissa , Adler Caleb , Strakowski Stephen M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTOver 2.3 million people in the United States live with bipolar disorder. Sixty percent of those with a bipolar disorder diagnosis attempt suicide at least once in their lifetime, and up to 19% die by suicide. However, the neurobiology of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder remains unclear. Here, we studied the neuroanatomical basis for suicide attempt history in bipolar disorder by measuring gray matter volumes (GMV) to identify differences in brain-volumes in 121 participants with bipolar disorder type I, and healthy participants (n=40). The bipolar group consisted of individuals with suicide attempt history (n=23) and no suicide attempt history (n=58). All participants completed behavioral/diagnostic assessments and MRI measures of GMV. We focused on a predefined frontolimbic circuitry in bipolar disorder versus (vs.) healthy to first identify diagnostic GMV markers and to specifically identify markers for suicide attempt history. We found reduced GMV markers for bipolar diagnosis (i.e., bipolar<healthy) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Our observed frontolimbic GMV abnormalities were associated with suicide attempt history and measures of individual variations in current suicidal ideation at the time of scanning. These results identified a frontolimbic-GMV marker for bipolar diagnosis and suicidal behavioral risk tendencies.HighlightsSuicide is a major health problem especially in bipolar disorder but the neurobiological basis for suicide attempts remains obscure. We identified an anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical volume correlate for suicide attempt history and suicidal ideation and thereby demonstrates a convergent brain marker for suicidal behaviors.
Observer agreement and clinical significance of chest CT reporting in patients suspected of COVID-19
Authors: Debray Marie-Pierre , Tarabay Helena , Males Lisa , Chalhoub Nisrine , Mahdjoub Elyas , Pavlovsky Thomas , Visseaux Benoît , Bouzid Donia , Borie Raphael , Wackenheim Catherine , Crestani Bruno , Rioux Christophe , Saker Loukbi , Choquet Christophe , Mullaert Jimmy , Khalil Antoine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess inter-observer agreement and clinical significance of chest CT reporting in patients suspected of COVID-19.MethodsFrom 16th to 24th March 2020, 241 consecutive patients addressed to hospital for COVID-19 suspicion had both chest CT and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Eight observers (2 thoracic and 2 general senior radiologists, 2 junior radiologists and 2 emergency physicians) retrospectively categorized each CT into one out of 3 categories (evocative, compatible for COVID-19 pneumonia, and not evocative or normal). Observer agreement for categorization between all readers and pairs of readers with similar experience was evaluated with the Kappa coefficient. The results of a consensus categorization were correlated to RT-PCR.ResultsObserver agreement across the 3 categories was good between all readers (κ value 0.68 95%CI 0.67-0.70) and good to very good between pairs of readers (0.64-0.85). It was very good (κ 0.81 95%CI 0.79-0.83), fair (κ 0.32 95%CI 0.29-0.34) and good (κ 0.74 95%CI 0.71-0.76) for the categories evocative, compatible and not evocative or normal, respectively. RT-PCR was positive in 97%, 50% and 27% of cases classified in the respective categories. Observer agreement was lower (p=0.045) and RT-PCR positive cases were less frequently categorized evocative in presence of an underlying pulmonary disease (p<0.001).ConclusionInter-observer agreement for chest CT reporting using categorization of findings is good in patients suspected of COVID-19. Among patients considered for hospitalization in an epidemic context, CT categorized evocative is highly predictive of COVID-19, whereas the predictive value of CT decreases between the categories compatible and not evocative.Key resultsInter-observer agreement for chest CT reporting into categories is good in patients suspected of COVID-19Chest CT can participate in estimating the likelihood of COVID-19 in patients presenting to hospital during the outbreak, CT categorized «evocative» being highly predictive of the disease whereas up to a quarter of patients with CT «not evocative» had a positive RT-PCR in our study.Observer agreement is lower and CTs of positive RT-PCR cases less frequently “evocative” in presence of an underlying pulmonary disease
Pandemic related Health literacy – A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics
Authors: Seng Jun Jie Benjamin , Yeam Cheng Teng , Huang Caleb Weihao , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Low Lian Leng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth literacy plays an essential role in one’s ability to acquire and understand critical medical information in the COVID-19 infodemic and other pandemics.PurposeTo summarize the assessment, levels and determinants of pandemic related health literacy and its associated clinical outcomes.Data sourcesMedline®, Embase®, PsychINFO®, CINAHL®, arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and Social Science Research Network. The start date was unrestricted and current as of 22 April 2020.Study selectionStudies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)Data extractionData on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Items used in instruments were grouped under the themes of knowledge, attitudes and practices. Determinants of health literacy were grouped into five domains (socio-demographic, medical, psychological/psychiatric, health systems related and others).Data synthesisOf 2,065 articles screened, 70 articles were included. 21, 17 and 32 studies evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS and MERS, respectively. The rates of low pandemic health literacy ranged from 4.3 to 57.9% among medical-related populations and 4.0% to 82.5% among non-medical populations. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission of infection; worry about infection and, practices related to mask usage and hand hygiene was most frequently evaluated. Socio-demographic determinants of health literacy were most studied, where higher education level, older age and female gender were associated with better health literacy. No studies evaluated outcomes associated with health literacy.LimitationsNon-English articles were excluded.ConclusionThe level of pandemic related health literacy is sub-optimal. Healthcare administrators need to be aware of health literacy determinants when formulating policies in pandemics.
Chaos, Percolation and the Coronavirus Spread: a two-step model
Authors: Bonasera Aldo , Zheng Hua 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe discuss a two-step model for the rise and decay of a new coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2) first reported in December 2019, COVID-19. The first stage is well described by the same equation for turbulent flows, population growth and chaotic maps: a small number of infected d0grows exponentially to a saturation value d∞. The typical growth λ time (aggressive spreading of the virus) is given by, whereλis the Lyapunov exponent.!After a time tcritdetermined by social distancing and/or other measures, the spread decreases exponentially as for nuclear decays and non-chaotic maps. Some countries, like China, S. Korea and Italy are in this second stage while others including the USA are near the end of the growth stage. The model predicts 15,000 (±2,250) casualties for the Lombardy region (Italy) at the end of the spreading around May 10,2020. Without the quarantine, the casualties would have been more than 50,000, hundred days after the start of the pandemic. The data from the 50 US states are of very poor quality because of an extremely late and confused response to the pandemic, resulting unfortunately in a large number of casualties, more than 70,000 on May 6, 2020. S. Korea, notwithstanding the high population density (511/km2) and the closeness to China, responded best to the pandemic with 255 deceased as of May 6,2020.
Self-Rated and Social Determinants of Health Spending Attitudes in the United States
Authors: Ahamad Mazbahul G. , Tanin Fahian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf-rated and social determinants of health are associated with people’s health attitudes towards government spending on improving national health in the US. We used data from eight biennial nationally representative General Social Surveys from 2004 to 2018 (n = 21116) to assess the determinants of health spending attitudes among US adults through a multivariate logistic regression technique. We found that more than three quarters of adults responded that government health spending was ‘too little’ for improving and protecting American health. We also found that adults those with ‘fair’ self-rated health were more likely to respond ‘too little’ or negative about health spending after adjusting for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors and political regimes. This result suggests exploring individual-specific reasons associated with this negative attitude to restructure health spending priorities in the US.