bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language and Literacy Together: Supporting Grammatical Development in Dual Language Learners With Risk for Language and Learning Difficulties
Authors: Bedore Lisa M. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Fiestas Christine , Lugo-Neris Mirza J. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Early Interventions in Reading (Vaughn et al., 2006), the only literacy intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for U.S. dual language learners, was enhanced to support the development of oral language (vocabulary, grammar, and narrative) and literacy, which we refer to as “Language and Literacy Together.” The primary focus of this study is to understand the extent to which grammatical skills of bilinguals with risk for language and/or reading difficulties improve in the Language and Literacy Together intervention.

Method
Fifteen first-grade dual language learners with risk for language and/or reading difficulties participated in an enhanced version of Early Interventions in Reading in Spanish. Children completed pre- and postintervention evaluations in Spanish and English, including grammatical testing from the Bilingual English Spanish Oral Screener (Peña et al., 2008) and narrative evaluation Test of Narrative Language story prompts (Gillam & Pearson, 2004; Gillam et al., n.d.). Data from six comparison participants with typical language skills who completed pre- and posttesting demonstrate the stability of the measures.

Results
The intervention group made gains in English and Spanish as evidenced by significant increases in their cloze and sentence repetition accuracy on the Bilingual English Spanish Oral Screener Morphosyntax subtest. They increased productivity on their narratives in Spanish and English as indexed by mean length of utterance in words but did not make gains in their overall grammaticality.

Conclusions
Structured intervention that includes an emphasis on grammatical elements in the context of a broader intervention can lead to change in the production of morphosyntax evident in both elicited constructions and narrative productivity as measured by mean length of utterance in words. Additional work is needed to determine if and how cross-linguistic transfer might be achieved for these learners.
Forum on Morphosyntax Assessment and Intervention for Children
Authors: Owen Van Horne Amanda J. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This forum consists of articles that address the need for and approaches to assessment and treatment of morphology and syntax in children. Drawing on papers submitted by diverse laboratories working with multiple populations, this forum includes several articles describing different approaches to treatment, guidelines for goal setting, and assessment methods. Populations described include monolingual and bilingual children who speak English, Dutch, and Spanish, who use oral language and/or augmentative and alternative communication to communicate.

Conclusion
The current tools available to support traditional grammar therapy are changing and increasing. An emphasis on manualized treatments, treatments that include drill and explicit instruction, and assessment and treatment tools for a variety of populations across a wide age span are included here. Further work is needed to fully develop these promising tools and approaches for the most effective use.
Young immersion learners’ language use outside the classroom in a minority language context
Authors: Ó Duibhir Pádraig , Ní Thuairisg Laoise 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There has been a long history of early Irish language learning in Ireland as a result of Government policy to
promote greater use of Irish. All children learn Irish in school from age 4–18 years. The majority learn Irish as a subject,
typically for 30–40 minutes per day, and the levels of competence achieved are mostly disappointing. Approximately 6.7% of primary
school children learn Irish in an immersion context, however, and these children achieve a high standard of communicative
competence. In this paper we examine the impact of Government policy on the transfer of linguistic competence from the classroom
to wider society in the context of a minority language that is becoming increasingly marginalised. We draw on data from three
studies to explore the relationship between Irish-medium school attendance and the desire and opportunity to use Irish outside of
school while attending school, and later as an adult. The first study also investigated students’ attitudes towards learning and
using Irish. All three studies examined parents use of Irish in the home and the influence that the language spoken in their home
during childhood and the language of their schooling had on their current language practices. Overall, Irish-medium schools are
very successful in educating proficient speakers of Irish who have very positive attitudes towards Irish. These positive attitudes
and proficiency do not necessarily transfer to use of Irish in the home. While attendance at an Irish-medium school as a child has
a positive effect on later use of Irish, when former students become parents, the effect is quite small. The perennial challenge
persists in transferring competence in a minority language acquired in school to the home and community.
Ptolemy’s experiments on refraction in science class
Authors: Stefanidou C , Psoma V , Skordoulis C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the inclusion of history and philosophy of science in science teaching is proposed with the goal of depicting pre-service primary teachers’ perception of the role of historical experiments in learning science and the nature of science. In order to achieve this, a teaching–learning sequence was designed and conducted in the context of an Introductory Physics Laboratory Course following the integrated approach to teaching the nature of science. Ptolemy’s experiments on refraction and the combination of his advanced and erroneous views contributed to pre-service primary teachers’ conceptualization of the empirical and tentative nature of science and the relationship between mathematics and science. The majority of the pre-service primary teachers perceived the history of science as important in understanding scientific concepts and aspects of the nature of science.
Factors associated with the uptake of the UK routine childhood immunization schedule in a bi-ethnic population
Authors: Santorelli Gillian , West Jane , Mason Dan , Cartwright Chris , Inamdar Leena , Tomes Caroline , Wright John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Various factors associated with vaccination uptake in children have been identified, but no study has examined their overall immunization status and individual vaccine coverage at 1, 2 and 5 years in the UK.

Methods
Data from 6977 participants in the Born in Bradford cohort were linked to primary care records. Overall immunization status and individual vaccine uptake of the UK routine childhood vaccination schedule was estimated in White British and Pakistani children born between 2007 and 2011, and factors associated with partial uptake in each ethnic group were identified using Poisson regression.

Results
Vaccine uptake was greater in Pakistani compared with White British children at all ages and for each year examined in this study. Children of foreign-born White British women were more likely to be partially immunized and those of foreign-born Pakistani women were more likely to be fully immunized. Socio-economic factors were strongly associated with uptake, especially among White British women.

Conclusions
Vaccination uptake is influenced by social and economic environment, ethnicity and maternal country of birth. This suggests that current health education and service delivery may not be effective for some families, including those from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, who may require targeted interventions to improve immunization uptake.
Topological Boundaries of Unitary Representations
Authors: Bearden Alex , Kalantar Mehrdad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce and study a generalization of the notion of the Furstenberg boundary of a discrete group $\Gamma $ to the setting of a general unitary representation $\pi : \Gamma \to B(\mathcal H_\pi )$. This space, which we call the “Furstenberg–Hamana boundary” (or "FH-boundary") of the pair $(\Gamma , \pi )$, is a $\Gamma $-invariant subspace of $B(\mathcal H_\pi )$ that carries a canonical $C^{\ast }$-algebra structure. In many natural cases, including when $\pi $ is a quasi-regular representation, the Furstenberg–Hamana boundary of $\pi $ is commutative but can be noncommutative in general. We study various properties of this boundary and discuss possible applications, for example in uniqueness of certain types of traces.
Rapid design and implementation of an integrated patient self-triage and self-scheduling tool for COVID-19
Authors: Judson Timothy J , Odisho Anobel Y , Neinstein Aaron B , Chao Jessica , Williams Aimee , Miller Christopher , Moriarty Tim , Gleason Nathaniel , Intinarelli Gina , Gonzales Ralph 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
To rapidly deploy a digital patient-facing self-triage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
We created a patient portal-based COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool and made it available to all primary care patients at the University of California, San Francisco Health, a large academic health system. Asymptomatic patients were asked about exposure history and were then provided relevant information. Symptomatic patients were triaged into 1 of 4 categories—emergent, urgent, nonurgent, or self-care—and then connected with the appropriate level of care via direct scheduling or telephone hotline.

Results
This self-triage and self-scheduling tool was designed and implemented in under 2 weeks. During the first 16 days of use, it was completed 1129 times by 950 unique patients. Of completed sessions, 315 (28%) were by asymptomatic patients, and 814 (72%) were by symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patient triage dispositions were as follows: 193 emergent (24%), 193 urgent (24%), 99 nonurgent (12%), 329 self-care (40%). Sensitivity for detecting emergency-level care was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7–98.5%).

Discussion
This self-triage and self-scheduling tool has been widely used by patients and is being rapidly expanded to other populations and health systems. The tool has recommended emergency-level care with high sensitivity, and decreased triage time for patients with less severe illness. The data suggests it also prevents unnecessary triage messages, phone calls, and in-person visits.

Conclusion
Patient self-triage tools integrated into electronic health record systems have the potential to greatly improve triage efficiency and prevent unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The formation of single neutron stars from double white-dwarf mergers via accretion-induced collapse
Authors: Liu D , Wang B 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The merging of double white dwarfs (WDs) may produce the events of accretion-induced collapse (AIC) and form single neutron stars (NSs). Meanwhile, it is also notable that the recently proposed WD+He subgiant scenario has a significant contribution to the production of massive double WDs, in which the primary WD grows in mass by accreting He-rich material from a He subgiant companion. In this work, we aim to study the binary population synthesis (BPS) properties of AIC events from the double WD mergers by considering the classical scenarios and also the contribution of the WD+He subgiant scenario to the formation of double WDs. First, we provided a dense and large model grid of WD+He star systems for producing AIC events through the double WD merger scenario. Secondly, we performed several sets of BPS calculations to obtain the rates and single NS number in our Galaxy. We found that the rates of AIC events from the double WD mergers in the Galaxy are in the range of $1.4{-}8.9\times 10^{\rm -3}\, \rm yr^{\rm -1}$ for all ONe/CO WD+ONe/CO WD mergers, and in the range of $0.3{-}3.8\times 10^{\rm -3}\, \rm yr^{\rm -1}$ when double CO WD mergers are not considered. We also found that the number of single NSs from AIC events in our Galaxy may range from 0.328 × 107 to 1.072 × 108. The chirp mass of double WDs for producing AIC events distribute in the range of $0.55{-}1.25\, \rm M_{\odot }$. We estimated that more than half of double WDs for producing AIC events are capable to be observed by the future space-based gravitational wave detectors.
Why do extremely massive disc galaxies exist today?
Authors: Jackson R A , Martin G , Kaviraj S , Laigle C , Devriendt J E G , Dubois Y , Pichon C 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy merger histories correlate strongly with stellar mass, largely regardless of morphology. Thus, at fixed stellar mass, spheroids and discs share similar assembly histories, both in terms of the frequency of mergers and the distribution of their mass ratios. Since mergers drive disc-to-spheroid morphological transformation, and the most massive galaxies typically have the richest merger histories, it is surprising that discs exist at all at the highest stellar masses (e.g. beyond the knee of the mass function). Using Horizon-AGN, a cosmological hydroynamical simulation, we show that extremely massive (M* &gt; 1011.4 M⊙) discs are created via two channels. In the primary channel (accounting for 70${\rm {per\ cent}}$ of these systems and 8${\rm {per\ cent}}$ of massive galaxies), the most recent, significant (mass ratio &gt; 1:10) merger between a massive spheroid and a gas-rich satellite ‘spins up’ the spheroid by creating a new rotational stellar component, leaving a massive disc as the remnant. In the secondary channel (accounting for 30 ${\rm {per\ cent}}$ of these systems and 3 ${\rm {per\ cent}}$ of massive galaxies), a system maintains a disc throughout its lifetime, due to an anomalously quiet merger history. Not unexpectedly, the fraction of massive discs increases towards higher redshift, due to the Universe being more gas-rich. The morphological mix of galaxies at the highest stellar masses is, therefore, a strong function of the gas fraction of the Universe. Finally, these massive discs have similar black hole masses and accretion rates to massive spheroids, providing a natural explanation for why some powerful AGN are surprisingly found in disc galaxies.
Inhibitory KIR ligands are associated with higherP. falciparumparasite prevalence
Authors: Digitale Jean C. , Callaway Perri C. , Martin Maureen , Nelson George , Viard Mathias , Rek John , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Dorsey Grant , Kamya Moses , Carrington Mary , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Feeney Margaret E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their HLA ligands influence the outcome of many infectious diseases. We analyzed the relationship of compound KIR-HLA genotypes with risk ofPlasmodium falciparuminfection in a longitudinal cohort of 890 Ugandan individuals. We found that presence of HLA-C2 and HLA-Bw4, ligands for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, respectively, increased the likelihood ofP. falciparumparasitemia in an additive manner. Individuals homozygous for HLA-C2, which mediates strong inhibition via KIR2DL1, had the highest odds of parasitemia, HLA-C1/C2 heterozygotes had intermediate odds, and individuals homozygous for HLA-C1, which mediates weaker inhibition through KIR2DL2/3, had the lowest odds of parasitemia. Additionally, higher surface expression of HLA-C, the ligand for inhibitory KIR2DL1/2/3, was associated with a higher likelihood of parasitemia. Together these data indicate that stronger KIR-mediated inhibition confers a higher risk ofP. falciparumparasitemia and suggest that KIR-expressing effector cells play a role in mediating anti-parasite immunity.
Study of Epidemiological Characteristics and In-silico Analysis of the Effect of Interventions in the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in India
Authors: Mazumder Archisman , Bharadiya Vishwesh , Berry Parul , Arora Mehak , Agarwal Mudit , Gupta Mohak , Parameswaran Giridara Gopal , Behera Priyamadhaba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter SARS-CoV-2 set foot in India, the Government took a number of steps to limit the spread of the disease in the country. This study involves assessing how the disease affected the population in the initial days of the epidemic. Data was collected from government-controlled and crowdsourced websites and analyzed. Studying age and sex parameters of 413 Indian COVID-19 patients, the median age of the affected individuals was found to be 36 years (IQR, 25-54) with 20-39 years males being the most affected group. The number of affected males (66.34%) was more than that of the females (33.66%). Using Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model, the range of contact rate (β) of India was calculated and the role of public health interventions was assessed. If current contact rate continues, India may have 5583 to 13785 active cases at the end of 21 days lockdown.Article Summary LineThe study gives the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India, where unlike other countries, the 20-39 years males are most affected, and the SIR model predicts the probable number of cases of COVID-19 by the end of the 21 days lockdown in the country, which will help to develop appropriate public health interventions to control the COVID-19 epidemic.
Visuo-motor rotation influences representational acuity but not space representation
Authors: Michel C , Amoura S , White O 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrism adaptation is a well-known experimental procedure to study sensorimotor plasticity. It has been shown that following prism exposure, after-effects are not only restricted to the sensorimotor level but extend as well to spatial cognition. In the present study, we used a visuo-motor rotation task which approaches the perturbations induced by prism exposure. We induced either leftward or rightward 15-degree rotations and we presented the perturbation either abruptly (from one trial to the next) or gradually (over a 34-trial transition). First, we found that none of the conditions produced cognitive after-effects in perceptive line bisection task. This result has a strong methodological impact for prospective investigations focusing on sensorimotor plasticity while sparing space cognition; it is particularly relevant when investigating sensorimotor plasticity in patients with specific representational feature to preserve from aggravation. Second, another interesting result was the increase of the sensitivity with which we discriminate the center of the line, that we propose to call representational acuity. It improved following the perturbation more particularly after gradual exposure and persisted for some time after the sensorimotor adaptation. These innovative results are discussed in terms of sensorimotor processes underpinning the transfer of visuomotor plasticity to spatial cognition.
Bureaucracy and the balanced scorecard in health care settings
Authors: Oliveira Helena Costa , Rodrigues Lúcia Lima , Craig Russell 
Published: April 2020

PurposeWe explore the relationship between the balanced scorecard (BSC) and neo-bureaucracy by investigating whether the operationalization of the BSC incorporates “neo-bureaucratic” ideas and whether the BSC implemented in a Portuguese Local Health Unit (LHU) demonstrates a neo-bureaucratic approach.Design/methodology/approachWe conduct semi-structured interviews with LHU staff and analyse documents to assess whether features of bureaucratic organization were evident in the use of a BSC by the LHU.FindingsWe found nine bureaucratic features evident in the LHU's BSC. These were systematization, rationality, authority, jurisdiction, professional qualification, knowledge, discipline, transparency and accountability. The BSC used at the LHU demonstrated a neo-bureaucratic approach.Originality/valueOur study helps to demystify bureaucracy and overcome prevailing prejudices regarding some of its principles. Health care managers should recognize and endorse neo-bureaucratic principles in developing a BSC. They should recognize the BSC as involving a neo-bureaucratic approach. The BSC is a valuable management tool that hospital managers should find useful in fostering flexibility, collaboration, innovation and adaptation – all of which should help lead to improved healthcare outcomes.
Strategic design: origins and contributions to intellectual capital in organizations
Authors: Gallego Carmenza , Mejía G. Mauricio , Calderón Gregorio 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis article proposes a conceptual basis upon which to address strategic design as business intellectual capital.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was carried out on the subjects of strategic design and intellectual capital.FindingsA conceptual basis is derived from the theoretical proposal that strategic design is an intangible, critical factor, which favors organizational competitiveness, when it impacts the betterment of organizational and intellectual capital processes.Practical implicationsOn the level of business practice, this article submits a broadened view of design, which may be applied to organizational strategic processes and which transcends its emphasis in the production of goods or services.Originality/valueIn previous literature, strategic design has not been addressed as intellectual capital, which supports the resolution of strategic problems.
A record-keeping approach to managing IoT-data for government agencies
Authors: Sødring Thomas , Reinholdtsen Petter , Massey David 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Particular attention to the issue of information management will be required to meet the expected growth in IoT-devices and the data they generate. As government agencies start collecting and using such information, they must also deal with the issue of privacy, to comply with laws and regulations. The approach discussed here shows that record-keeping principles may form part of a solution to the issue of managing IoT-data for government agencies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the generally accepted record-keeping principles as a basis for a high-level discussion on how IoT-data can be managed. This is followed by a presentation and discussion on how the Norwegian record-keeping standard, Noark, can be extended to highlight practical issues.

Findings
Record keeping has principles that are relevant to the management of IoT-data. Further an implementation of the chosen use-cases is possible based on an existing record keeping standard. Record keeping is one of many information science approaches that can manage IoT-data.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitations are that the discussion cannot cover all types of IoT-devices, nor can all issues be captured with a limited choice of examples. The results should be seen within the context of the types of devices discussed and limited to the chosen use-cases. However, the level of abstraction used means the results may be applicable to similar scenarios.

Originality/value
The approach shows that record-keeping principles may be used as an approach to manage IoT-data. This discussion is useful when compared with other information science approaches, e.g. big-data or semantic Web approaches. The practicalities of a record-keeping approach are also discussed and relevant strengths and weaknesses are showed.