bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of an evolutionary late and ephemeral biomineralization: tunicates with composite calcareous skeletons
Authors: Wendt Jobst 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn contrast to almost all other invertebrate phyla that constructed biomineralized skeletons during the “Cambrian explosion” and maintained them during the entire fossil record, ascidian tunicates evolved this protective and stabilizing advantage only during the Permian, although soft-bodied representatives of this subphylum made their first appearance already in the early Cambrian. It remains enigmatic why these compound calcareous skeletons persisted only until the Late Triassic, subsequently followed by less-rigid internal skeletons from the Lower Jurassic onwards, which consist of scattered isolated spicules only. In addition to recently described aragonitic ascidian exoskeletons from the Permian and Triassic, new discoveries of similar, but colonial ascidian compound endoskeletons in the lower Carnian exhibit a short-living branch of this group, which moreover contain the first indubitable calcareous spicules. The latter are embedded in the solid endoskeleton, which is composed of polygonal aragonitic plates with smooth outer and zigzag lined inner boundaries. They consist of irregular, parallel (orthogonal), or fan-shaped (clinogonal) arrangements of acicular aragonite crystals. The following taxa are described as new: order Cassianomorpha new order with the family Cassianosomidae new family and the genusToscanisomanew genus with the speciesT.multipartitumnew species andT.triplicatumnew species.UUID:http://zoobank.org/03555353-cdab-42e8-8e99-9bfce15fa249
Smaller total brain volume but not subcortical structure volume related to common genetic risk for ADHD
Authors: Mooney Michael A. , Bhatt Priya , Hermosillo Robert J. M. , Ryabinin Peter , Nikolas Molly , Faraone Stephen V. , Fair Damien A. , Wilmot Beth , Nigg Joel T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanistic endophenotypes can inform process models of psychopathology and aid interpretation of genetic risk factors. Smaller total brain and subcortical volumes are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide clues to its development. This study evaluates whether common genetic risk for ADHD is associated with total brain volume (TBV) and hypothesized subcortical structures in children.MethodsChildren 7–15 years old were recruited for a case–control study (N = 312, N = 199 ADHD). Children were assessed with a multi-informant, best-estimate diagnostic procedure and motion-corrected MRI measured brain volumes. Polygenic scores were computed based on discovery data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (N = 19 099 ADHD, N = 34 194 controls) and the ENIGMA + CHARGE consortium (N = 26 577).ResultsADHD was associated with smaller TBV, and altered volumes of caudate, cerebellum, putamen, and thalamus after adjustment for TBV; however, effects were larger and statistically reliable only in boys. TBV was associated with an ADHD polygenic score [β = −0.147 (−0.27 to −0.03)], and mediated a small proportion of the effect of polygenic risk on ADHD diagnosis (average ACME = 0.0087, p = 0.012). This finding was stronger in boys (average ACME = 0.019, p = 0.008). In addition, we confirm genetic variation associated with whole brain volume, via an intracranial volume polygenic score.ConclusionCommon genetic risk for ADHD is not expressed primarily as developmental alterations in subcortical brain volumes, but appears to alter brain development in other ways, as evidenced by TBV differences. This is among the first demonstrations of this effect using molecular genetic data. Potential sex differences in these effects warrant further examination.
Coming of age: the past, present, and future of quantitative SLA research
Authors: Gass Susan , Loewen Shawn , Plonsky Luke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirst, we trace the history of second language acquisition (SLA) from early stages in the mid-twentieth century to today. We next consider the status of the field in today's research world with a particular focus on all aspects of methodology and, finally, we take a look at the future and discuss issues related to scientific rigor in light of Open Science.
Physician Prehospital Care in Mexico City: Retrospective Analysis of Endotracheal Intubation in Patients with Severe Head Trauma
Authors: Espino-Núñez J. Sebastián , Quinto-Sánchez Mirsha , Carrada-Varela Anabel C. , Román-Morales Fernando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction:In Mexico, physicians have become part of public service prehospital care. Head injured patients are a sensitive group that can benefit from early advanced measures to protect the airway, with the objective to reduce hypoxia and maintain normocapnia.Problem:The occurrence of endotracheal intubation to patients with severe head injuries by prehospital physicians working at Mexico City’s Service of Emergency Medical Care (SAMU) is unknown.Methods:A retrospective analysis of five-year data (2012-2016) from Mexico City’s Medical Emergencies Regulation Center was performed. Only SAMU ambulance services were analyzed. Adult patients with a prehospital diagnosis of head injury based on mechanism of injury and physical examination with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <nine were included.Results:A total of 293 cases met the inclusion criteria; the mean GCS was five points. Of those, 150 (51.1%) patients were intubated. There was no difference in the occurrence of intubation among the different GCS scales, or if the patient was considered to have isolated head trauma versus polytrauma. Fifteen patients were intubated using sedation and neuromuscular blockage. Four patients were intubated with sedation alone and six patients with neuromuscular blockage alone. One patient was intubated using opioid analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockage.Conclusions:Patients with severe head injuries cared by prehospital physicians in Mexico City were intubated 51.1% of the time and were more likely to be intubated without the assistance of anesthetics.
A drink before suicide: analysis of the Queensland Suicide Register in Australia
Authors: Kõlves Kairi , Koo Yu Wen , de Leo Diego 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies analysing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of suicide have primarily focused on sociodemographic factors. Limited research has focused on psychosocial factors and co-ingestion of other substances to understand the mechanisms of how alcohol contributes to death by suicide. The aim was to examine time trends, psychosocial factors related to acute alcohol use and co-ingestion of alcohol and other substances before suicide.

Methods
The Queensland Suicide Register in 2004–2015 was utilised and analysed in 2019. The cut-off point for positive BAC was set at ⩾0.05 g/dl. Substances were categorised as medicines, illegal drugs and other. Medicines were coded by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Joinpoint regression, univariate odds ratios, age and sex-adjusted odds ratios and Forward Stepwise logistic regression were performed.

Results
BAC information was available for 6744 suicides, 92% of all cases in 2004–2015. The final model showed that independent factors distinguishing BAC+ from BAC− were: age group 25–44 years, Australian Indigenous background, being separated or divorced, hanging, diagnosis of substance use, lifetime suicidal ideation, relationship and interpersonal conflict, not having psychotic and other psychiatric disorder, and no nervous system drugs or any other substances in blood at the time of suicide.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that people who die by suicide while under the influence of alcohol are more likely to be under acute stress (e.g. separation) and not have earlier psychiatric conditions, except substance use. This highlights the importance of more strict alcohol policies, but also the need to improve substance use treatment.
Replacing GRACE/GRACE‐FO With Satellite Laser Ranging: Impacts on Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Change
Authors: Loomis Bryant D. , Rachlin Kenneth E. , Wiese David N. , Landerer Felix W. , Luthcke Scott B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) observations have long been relied upon for measuring changes in Earth's dynamic oblateness,
. This major component of Earth's time‐variable gravity field is not well observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) missions, leading to the common practice of replacing their values with those obtained by SLR. The
coefficient, which has a large impact on the recovered Antarctic Ice Sheet mass changes, is shown here to be poorly observed by GRACE/GRACE‐FO when either mission is operating without two fully functional accelerometers. The GRACE spacecraft pair operated nominally until October 2016 when one accelerometer was powered off due to battery limitations, while GRACE‐FO is currently excluding one accelerometer from the data processing due to elevated noise levels. Beginning with the launch of Laser Relativity Satellite in 2012, SLR‐derived
values are suitable for replacing any problematic GRACE/GRACE‐FO estimates, enabling the accurate recovery of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass changes, among others.
On the Role of the Kuroshio Extension Bimodality in Modulating the Surface Eddy Kinetic Energy Seasonal Variability
Authors: Wang Qiang , Pierini Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe modulation of the seasonal variability of the surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Kuroshio extension (KE) region induced by the stable and unstable KE states is analyzed using satellite‐based observations and high‐resolution ocean reanalysis data. The two KE states are found to strongly modulate the seasonal variability of the local surface EKE: the latter reaches its maximum in May–July if the KE is in its stable state, while it peaks in August–October if the KE is in its unstable state. Further investigation indicates that such behavior is mainly caused by the different baroclinic energy transfers induced by the meridional density gradients associated with the two KE states.
Implementing Dynamic Rooting Depth for Improved Simulation of Soil Moisture and Land Surface Feedbacks in Noah‐MP‐Crop
Authors: Liu Xing , Chen Fei , Barlage Michael , Niyogi Dev 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study postulates that crop rooting depth representation plays a vital role in simulating soil‐crop‐atmospheric interactions. Rooting depth determines the water access for plants and alters the surface energy participation and soil moisture profile. The aboveground crop growth representation in land surface models continues to evolve and improve, but the root processes are still poorly represented. This limitation likely contributes to the bias in simulating soil‐crop‐related variables such as soil moisture and associated water and energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. In Noah‐MP‐Crop, the rooting depth of crops is assumed as 1 m regardless of crop types and the length of growing seasons. In this study, a simple dynamic rooting depth formulation was integrated into Noah‐MP‐Crop. On comparing with soil moisture observations from the in situ Ameriflux, USDA Soil Climate Analysis Network, and the remote‐sensed Soil Moisture Active Passive data set, the results highlight the improved performance of Noah‐MP‐Crop due to modified rooting depth. The improvements were noted in terms of soil moisture and more prominently in terms of the energy flux simulations at both field scale and regional scale. The enhancements in soil moisture profiles reduce the biases in surface heat flux simulations. The impact of rooting depth representation appears to be particularly significant for improving model performance under drought‐like situations. Although it was not possible to validate the simulated rooting depth due to lack of observations, the overall performance of the model helps emphasize the importance of enhancing the representation of crop rooting depth in Noah‐MP‐Crop.
Coal Mining Impacts on Baseflow Detected Using Paired Catchments
Authors: Sun Wenyi , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Yongqiang , Chiew Francis , Post David , Zheng Hongxing , Song Songbai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale coal mining not only disturbs natural landscapes but also alters catchment hydrological processes. Although investigating how mining activities such as open cut and/or underground mining change catchment baseflow is critical for understanding mining‐related hydrological mechanisms and for helping water resource management, published data on these changes have not been well documented. This study uses data‐driven approaches to examine how baseflow changes in four sets of paired catchments in the Hunter River Basin in Australia, which is one of the most intensive mining regions across the globe. The difference of cumulative anomaly percentage and double mass curves are used to detect the changes in baseflow and to identify the potential mining impacts. Our results show that underground mining has led to a decline in baseflow, while open cut mining has tended to increase baseflow, and significantly changed the baseflow trend for catchments where underground and open cut mining coexist. The mining impact signal, however, is on the top of regional climate change impacts that dominate baseflow annual variability. The data‐driven investigation cannot separate impacts due to multiple and overlapping disturbances of mining activities but provides insight and guidance for hydrological modeling to simulate mining impacts on hydrological regimes.
Modulation of depression-related behaviors by adiponectin AdipoR1 receptors in 5-HT neurons
Authors: Li Chen , Meng Fantao , Garza Jacob C. , Liu Jing , Lei Yun , Kirov Sergei A. , Guo Ming , Lu Xin-Yun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin has a broad spectrum of functions beyond metabolic control. We previously reported that adiponectin acts in the brain to regulate depression-related behaviors. However, its underlying neural substrates have not been identified. Here we show that adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is expressed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and colocalized with tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), a marker of serotonin (5-HT) neurons. Selective deletion of AdipoR1 in 5-HT neurons induced anhedonia in male mice, as indicated by reduced female urine sniffing time and saccharin preference, and behavioral despair in female mice and enhanced stress-induced decrease in sucrose preference in both sexes. The expression levels of TPH2 were downregulated with a concurrent reduction of 5-HT-immunoreactivity in the DRN and its two major projection regions, the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), in male but not female mice lacking AdipoR1 in 5-HT neurons. In addition, serotonin transporter (SERT) expression was upregulated in both DRN projection fields of male mice but only in the mPFC of female mice. These changes presumably lead to decreased 5-HT synthesis and/or increased 5-HT reuptake, thereby reducing 5-HT transmission. The augmented behavioral responses to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine but not desipramine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, observed in conditional knockout male mice supports deficient 5-HT transmission underlying depression-related phenotypes. Our results indicate that adiponectin acts on 5-HT neurons through AdipoR1 receptors to regulate depression-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner.
Benzodithiophenedione-based polymers: recent advances in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Zheng Bing , Huo Lijun , Li Yongfang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to its advantages of being cost-effective, being lightweight, and having flexible manufacturability. The optical-active layer of OPVs consists of a p-type polymer as the donor and an n-type small molecule as the acceptor. An efficient design strategy of a polymer donor is based on an alternating electron-donating unit (D) and an electron-accepting unit (A). Among numerous electron-accepting units, an emerging annelated thiophene of benzodithiophenedione (BDD) has exhibited a distinguished photovoltaic performance because of its planar molecular structure, low-lying highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) level and good self-assembly property. In this review article, we summarize the most recent developments in BDD-based photovoltaic materials. Special attention is paid to the chemical structure-property relationships, such as the absorption, bandgap, energy levels, mobilities, and photovoltaic performances. The empirical regularities and perspectives on the future development of BDD-based photovoltaic materials are included.
Material aspects of triboelectric energy generation and sensors
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Lee Ju Hyun , Kim Jin Kon , Jeong Unyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy generator first demonstrated in 2012. TENGs have shown potential as power sources for electronic devices and as sensors for detecting mechanical and chemical stimuli. To date, studies on TENGs have focused primarily on optimizing the systems and circuit designs or exploring possible applications. Even though triboelectricity is highly related to the material properties, studies on materials and material designs have been relatively less investigated. This review article introduces recent progress in TENGs, by focusing on materials and material designs to improve the electrical output and sensing performance. This article discusses the current technological issues and the future challenges in materials for TENG.
One-step synthesis of dandelion-like lanthanum titanate nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Huang Zhong , Liu Jianghao , Huang Liang , Tian Liang , Sen Wang  , Zhang Gen , Li Junyi , Liang Feng , Zhang Haijun , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The rational design of nanomaterials with distinct exposed facets is of great importance for improving the physicochemical properties of these materials and for the study of structure–activity relationships. This work describes the first synthesis of lanthanum titanate (La2Ti2O7, LTO) with dandelion-like nanostructures via the molten salt method. The lowest synthesis temperature of 700 °C is at least 200 °C lower than that required by other methods. The dandelion structure consists of well-crystallized LTO nanorods (NRs) with sizes of less than 100 nm in the radial direction and 300–500 nm in the axial direction, which is different from the widely accepted two-dimensional form. LaOCl microplates were formed as an intermediate substrate for LTO NR growth outwards to the basal surfaces of the LaOCl crystallites. DFT calculation results showed that the strong LiCl adsorption on the (100) surface led to distinct growth of the (100) and (020) planes, thus promoting the rod-like growth of LTO along the [010] axis. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared LTO was evaluated by determining the degradation of rhodamine B. The results suggested that the as-prepared LTO could markedly enhance the photocatalytic activity as a result of the surface heterojunction of coexposed {100} and {002} facets in LTO NRs.
Disruption of auto-inhibition underlies conformational signaling of ASIC1a to induce neuronal necroptosis
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Liu Fan , Yang Fan , Wang Yi-Zhi , Qi Xin , Li Ying , Hu Qin , Zhu Michael X. , Xu Tian-Le 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe reported previously that acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) mediates acidic neuronal necroptosis via recruiting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) to its C terminus (CT), independent of its ion-conducting function. Here we show that the N-terminus (NT) of ASIC1a interacts with its CT to form an auto-inhibition that prevents RIPK1 recruitment/activation under resting conditions. The interaction involves glutamate residues at distal NT and is disrupted by acidosis. Expression of mutant ASIC1a bearing truncation or glutamate-to-alanine substitutions at distal NT causes constitutive cell death. The NT-CT interaction is further disrupted by N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion ATPase (NSF), which associates with ASIC1a-NT under acidosis, facilitating RIPK1 interaction with ASIC1a-CT. Importantly, a membrane-penetrating synthetic peptide representing the distal 20 ASIC1a NT residues, NT1–20, reduced neuronal damage in both in vitro model of acidotoxicity and in vivo mouse model of ischemic stroke, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting the auto-inhibition of ASIC1a for neuroprotection against acidotoxicity.
Inhibition of histone deacetylation rescues phenotype in a mouse model of Birk-Barel intellectual disability syndrome
Authors: Cooper Alexis , Butto Tamer , Hammer Niklas , Jagannath Somanath , Fend-Guella Desiree Lucia , Akhtar Junaid , Radyushkin Konstantin , Lesage Florian , Winter Jennifer , Strand Susanne , Roeper Jochen , Zechner Ulrich , Schweiger Susann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMutations in the actively expressed, maternal allele of the imprinted KCNK9 gene cause Birk-Barel intellectual disability syndrome (BBIDS). Using a BBIDS mouse model, we identify here a partial rescue of the BBIDS-like behavioral and neuronal phenotypes mediated via residual expression from the paternal Kcnk9 (Kcnk9pat) allele. We further demonstrate that the second-generation HDAC inhibitor CI-994 induces enhanced expression from the paternally silenced Kcnk9 allele and leads to a full rescue of the behavioral phenotype suggesting CI-994 as a promising molecule for BBIDS therapy. Thus, these findings suggest a potential approach to improve cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of an imprinting disorder.
Gap-enhanced Raman tags for physically unclonable anticounterfeiting labels
Authors: Gu Yuqing , He Chang , Zhang Yuqing , Lin Li , Thackray Benjamin David , Ye Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), as one of the powerful tools against counterfeiting, are easy to generate but difficult to duplicate due to inherent randomness. Gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with embedded Raman reporters show strong intensity enhancement and ultra-high photostability suitable for fast and repeated readout of PUF labels. Herein, we demonstrate a PUF label fabricated by drop-casting aqueous GERTs, high-speed read using a confocal Raman system, digitized through coarse-grained coding methods, and authenticated via pixel-by-pixel comparison. A three-dimensional encoding capacity of over 3 × 1015051 can be achieved for the labels composed of ten types of GERTs with a mapping resolution of 2500 pixels and quaternary encoding of Raman intensity levels at each pixel. Authentication experiments have ensured the robustness and security of the PUF system, and the practical viability is demonstrated. Such PUF labels could provide a potential platform to realize unbreakable anticounterfeiting.