bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact with recovered peers: buffering disempowering service experiences and promoting personal recovery in serious mental illness
Authors: McLeod Bronte , Meyer Denny , Murray Greg , Foley Fiona , Jones Nev , Thomas Neil 
Published: November 2019

Background
Mental health patients can experience involuntary treatment as disempowering and stigmatising, and contact with recovered peers is cited as important for countering stigma and fostering agency and autonomy integral to recovery.

Aims
To advance understanding of the interaction between involuntary treatment and contact with recovered peers, and explore hypothesised relationships to mechanisms of self-evaluation relevant to recovery.

Method
Eighty-nine adults diagnosed with serious mental illness completed items to assess involuntary treatment experience and the extent of prior contact with recovered peers, the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Self-efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale, the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and relevant demographic and clinical scales.

Results
Contact with recovered peers was found to moderate the effects of involuntary treatment on internalised stigma. Sequential conditional process models (i.e. moderated mediation) then demonstrated that conditional internalised stigma (i.e. moderated by contact with recovered peers) mediated the indirect effect of involuntary treatment on recovery-specific self-efficacy, which in turn influenced recovery. Compared with those with low contact with recovered peers, recovery scores were 3.54 points higher for those with high contact.

Conclusions
Although study methods limit causative conclusions, findings are consistent with proposals that contact with recovered peers may be helpful for this patient group, and suggest this may be particularly relevant for those with involuntary treatment experience. Directions for future research, to further clarify measurement and conceptual tensions relating to the study of (dis)empowering experiences in mental health services, are discussed in detail.
Health screening, cardiometabolic disease and adverse health outcomes in individuals with severe mental illness
Authors: Pearsall Robert , Shaw Richard J. , McLean Gary , Connolly Moira , Hughes Kate A. , Boyle James G. , Park John , Smith Daniel J. , Mackay Daniel 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPoor physical health in severe mental illness (SMI) remains a major issue for clinical practice.AimsTo use electronic health records of routinely collected clinical data to determine levels of screening for cardiometabolic disease and adverse health outcomes in a large sample (n= 7718) of patients with SMI, predominantly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.MethodWe linked data from the Glasgow Psychosis Clinical Information System (PsyCIS) to morbidity records, routine blood results and prescribing data.ResultsThere was no record of routine blood monitoring during the preceding 2 years for 16.9% of the cohort. However, monitoring was poorer for male patients, younger patients aged 16–44, those with schizophrenia, and for tests of cholesterol, triglyceride and glycosylated haemoglobin. We estimated that 8.0% of participants had diabetes and that lipids levels, and use of lipid-lowering medication, was generally high.ConclusionsElectronic record linkage identified poor health screening and adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable patient group. This approach can inform the design of future interventions and health policy.
Influence of Smoking on Thyroid Function in Japanese Subjects: Longitudinal Study for One Year of On-Off Smoking
Authors: Nakajima Yasuyo , Yamada Sayaka , Nishikido Ayaka , Katano-Toki Akiko , Ishida Emi , Akuzawa Masako , Sakamaki Koji , Yamada Eijiro , Saito Tsugumichi , Ozawa Atsushi , Okada Shuichi , Shimomura Yohnosuke , Kobayashi Isao , Andou Yoshitaka , Yamada Masanobu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
We previously identified factors affecting thyroid status, including sex, age, and smoking.

Objective
In the current study, we increased the number of subjects examined and investigated the effects of these factors, particularly smoking and the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), in Japanese patients with euthyroxinemia and serum free T4 levels within the normal range.

Participants
A total of 12,289 subjects who underwent health checkups were analyzed in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Results
The mean age of subjects was 50 ± 10 years (age range: 21 to 88 years). Serum TSH levels and the prevalence of positivity for TPO-Ab increased with age in Japanese subjects with euthyroxinemia. Mean serum TSH levels were significantly lower in the smoking group than in the nonsmoking group except for women older than 50 years. Serum TSH levels were significantly higher in subjects with positivity for TPO-Ab than in those with negativity at all ages and in both sexes; however, smoking did not affect free T4 levels or positivity for TPO-Ab. Among men, the rate of smokers was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (25%) than in those with subclinical hypothyroidism (10%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the longitudinal study revealed a significant decrease in serum TSH levels 1 year after the start of smoking in men (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Because smoking appeared to lower serum TSH levels in Japanese subjects with euthyroxinemia, their smoking status warrants careful consideration when evaluating subclinical thyroid function.
Optimal Glycemic Control in a Patient With HNF1A MODY With GLP-1 RA Monotherapy: Implications for Future Therapy
Authors: Fantasia Kathryn L , Steenkamp Devin W 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 27-year-old woman with inadequately controlled HNF1A maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) who was successfully transitioned from sulfonylurea therapy to once-weekly monotherapy with dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). More than a decade from diabetes diagnosis, she has maintained optimal glycemic control without hypoglycemia for >12 months while receiving GLP-1 RA therapy alone. This case illustrates the potential for successful use of GLP-1 RA monotherapy in patients with HNF1A MODY.
Effect of Oral Carbohydrate Intake During Labor on the Rate of Instrumental Vaginal Delivery: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Simonet Thérèse , Gakuba Clément , Desmeulles Isabelle , Corouge Julien , Beucher Gael , Morello Rémi , Gérard Jean-Louis , Ducloy-Bouthors Anne Sophie , Dreyfus Michel , Hanouz Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Carbohydrate intake during physical exercise improves muscle performance and decreases fatigue. We hypothesized that carbohydrate intake during labor, which is a period of significant physical activity, can decrease the instrumental vaginal delivery rate.

METHODS:
In a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial, healthy adult pregnant women presenting with spontaneous labor were assigned to a “Carbohydrate” group (advised to drink 200 mL of apple or grape juice without pulp every 3 hours) or a “Fasting” group (water only). The primary outcome was the instrumental vaginal delivery rate. Secondary outcomes included duration of labor, rate of cesarean delivery, evaluation of maternal hunger, thirst, stress, fatigue, and overall feeling during labor by numeric rating scale (0 worst rating to 10 best rating), rate of vomiting, and hospital length of stay. Statistical analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was tested with the “Fasting” group as the reference group. The P values for secondary outcomes were adjusted for multiple comparisons. The differences between groups are reported with 99% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:
A total of 3984 women were analyzed (2014 in the Carbohydrate group and 1970 in the Fasting group). There was no difference in the rate of instrumental delivery between the Carbohydrate (21.0%) and the Fasting (22.4%) groups (difference, −1.4%; 99% CI, −4.9 to 2.2). No differences were found between the Carbohydrate and the Fasting groups for the duration of labor (difference, −7 minutes; 99% CI, −25 to 11), the rate of cesarean delivery (difference, −0.3%; 99% CI, −2.4 to 3.0), the rate of vomiting (difference, 2.8%; 99% CI, 0.2–5.7), the degree of self-reported fatigue (difference, 1; 99% CI, 0–2), self-reported hunger (difference, 0; 99% CI, −1 to 1), thirst (difference, 0; 99% CI, −1 to 1), stress (difference, 0; 99% CI, −1 to 1), overall feeling (difference, 0; 99% CI, 0–0), and the length of hospitalization (difference, 0; 99% CI, −1 to 0).

CONCLUSIONS:
Carbohydrate intake during labor did not modify the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery.
Observation of Subsurface Structure of Pt/C Catalyst Using Pair Distribution Function and Simple Modeling Techniques
Authors: Takahashi Masakuni , Ohara Koji , Yamamoto Kentaro , Uchiyama Tomoki , Tanida Hajime , Itoh Takanori , Imai Hideto , Sugawara Seiho , Shinohara Kazuhiko , Uchimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The correlation between the Pt–Pt interatomic distance of a Pt/C catalyst and the specific activity of the oxygen reduction reaction is discussed. Total X-ray scattering measurement coupled with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was performed to obtain subsurface information of the Pt/C catalyst, which can obtain a much longer interatomic distance than X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurement. The subsurface structure of the catalyst was previously discussed on the basis of simulations with three-dimensional complex models. In this study, the subsurface structure of Pt–Pt bonds in the catalyst could be easily obtained from experimental data by simple model fitting using the PDF. Results based on XAFS measurement showed no correlation with the specific activity. In contrast, the obtained Pt–Pt interatomic distances in the subsurface using PDF showed a strong negative correlation with the specific activity as in a previous study.
Retinal Proteins: Photochemistry and Optogenetics
Authors: Kandori Hideki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rhodopsins, which are also called retinal proteins, are photoreceptive proteins. Their photoreactions have attracted many researchers in physics, chemistry and biology. In addition, they are now used as key tools in optogenetics. Although rhodopsin was originally named as a red-colored pigment for vision, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and microbial rhodopsins possess 11-cis and all-trans retinal, respectively, to capture light in seven transmembrane α-helices, and photoisomerizations into all-trans and 13-cis forms, respectively, initiate each function. Unlike animal rhodopsins, several kinds of microbial rhodopsins are able to transport ions in a passive or an active manner, and light-gated channels or light-driven pumps, respectively, are the main tools in optogenetics. In this article, historical aspects and recent advances of retinal protein research are reviewed. After general introduction of rhodopsins, the molecular mechanism of bacteriorodopsin, a light-driven H+ pump and the best studied microbial rhodopsin, is described. Then, molecular properties and several variants of channelrhodopsin, the light-gated ion channel, are introduced. As history has proven, understanding the molecular mechanism of microbial rhodopsins is a prerequisite for useful functional design of optogenetics tools in future.
Resistance Exercise–induced Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis to Intraset Rest
Authors: SALVADOR AMADEO F. , ASKOW ANDREW T. , MCKENNA COLLEEN F. , FANG HSIN-YU , BURKE SARAH K. , LI ZHONG , ULANOV ALEXANDER V. , PALUSKA SCOTT A. , PETRUZZELLO STEVEN J. , BOPPART MARNI D. , OLIVER JONATHAN M. , BURD NICHOLAS A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
During a traditional set configuration of resistance exercise (TRD), characterized by a continuous completion of repetitions, a decrease in power output tends to occur throughout a set of repetitions. Inclusion of intraset rest, otherwise known as a cluster set configuration (CLU), counteracts this power decline. However, the effect of a CLU configuration on postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (MPS) and anabolic signaling has not been investigated.

Purpose
We aimed to determine if any mechanistic differences exist between TRD and CLU signaling events associated with muscle anabolism.

Methods
In randomized crossover trials, eight resistance-trained participants (23 ± 1 yr, 81 ± 4.7 kg, body fat: 18% ± 1.9%; 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 150 ± 9.1 kg) performed an acute bout of CLU (4 sets × (2 × 5) repetitions, 30-s intraset rest, 90-s interset rest) and TRD (4 sets × 10 repetitions, 120-s interset rest) barbell back squats at approximately 70% 1RM with total volume load equated during primed continuous l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine infusions. Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected at rest and after exercise at 0, 2, and 5 h.

Results
There was no difference in postexercise MPS between the CLU and TRD condition (P > 0.05) and no changes in phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets (p70S6K and 4EBP1). Total and phosphorylated yes-associated protein on Ser127 transiently increased (P < 0.01) immediately after exercise (t = 0) in CLU (~2.1-fold) and TRD condition (~2.2-fold).

Conclusions
Our results show that CLU is a viable anabolic option by preserving power output with similar MPS stimulation when compared with the TRD condition in trained young adults.
Protein-mediated gelation and nano-scale assembly of unfunctionalized hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Tabet Anthony , Park June Y. , Shilts Jarrod , Sokolowski Kamil , Rana Vijay K. , Kamp Marlous , Warner Nina , Hoogland Dominique , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the central nervous system and the only purely supramolecular glycosaminoglycan. Much focus has been given to using this high molecular weight polysaccharide for tissue engineering applications. In most studies, the backbone of HA is functionalized with moieties that can facilitate network formation through physical self-assembly, or covalent crosslinking (e.g. photo-catalyzed) at concentrations where the polysaccharide does not gel on its own. However, these crosslinks often utilize functional groups not found in biological tissues. Methods: Oscillatory rheology, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study albumin/HA structures. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to study albumin/chondroitin sulfate (CS) structures. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the potential for using protein-polymer blends as an ECM-mimetic model to study transport of small molecules. Results: We examine the intermolecular interactions of two major glycosaminoglycans found in the human brain, HA and the lower molecular weight CS, with the model protein albumin. We report the properties of the resulting micro- and nano materials. Our albumin/HA systems formed gels, and albumin/CS systems formed micro- and nanoparticles. These systems are formed from unfunctionalized polysaccharides, which is an attractive and simple method of forming HA hydrogels and CS nanoparticles. We also summarize the concentrations of HA and CS found in various mammalian brains, which could potentially be useful for biomimetic scaffold development. Conclusions: Simple preparation of commercially available charged biomacromolecules results in interesting materials with structures at the micron and nanometer length-scales. Such materials may have utility in serving as cost-effective models of nervous system electrostatic interactions and as in vitro drug release and model system for ECM transport studies.
At Your Service on the Table: Impact of Tabletop Technology on Restaurant Performance
Authors: Tan Tom Fangyun , Netessine Serguei 
Published: November 2019

Some industries, such as healthcare and financial services, have reported significant productivity gains from introduction of new technologies. However, other more traditional, labor-intensive industries are lagging behind. We use granular data to examine the impact of a customer-facing technology (a tabletop device that facilitates the table service process) on the check size and meal duration aspects of restaurant performance. The restaurant chain in our study implemented tabletop devices in a staggered manner, offering us a quasi-experimental setting in which to apply a difference-in-difference technique and identify the causal effect of the technology. We find that the tabletop technology is likely to improve average sales per check by approximately 1% (95% confidence interval is from 0.8% to 1.02%), and reduce the meal duration by close to 10% (95% confidence interval ranges from −9.94% to −9.54%). The combination of these two effects increases the sales per minute or sales productivity by approximately 11%. Various robustness checks of our empirical strategy and post hoc analyses find that tabletop technology allows low-ability waiters to improve their performance more significantly than high-ability waiters. In addition, the technology does not change the staffing level. Overall, our results indicate great potential for introducing tabletop technology in a large service industry that currently lacks digitalization. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Evaluating mild cachexia syndrome in the HIV-positive pregnant woman
Authors: Wilkinson Amanda L. , Pedersen Sarah H. , Mark Urassa , Denna Michael , Aura Andreasen , Jim Todd , Kinung'hi Safari M. , John Changalucha , McDermid Joann M. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundImmune activation and inflammation are common symptoms throughout HIV infection and lead to elevated circulating concentrations of cachectic cytokines.AimsTo evaluate cachexia-like symptoms among HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women, and investigate whether cachexic mechanisms may contribute to impaired HIV-exposed fetal and infant growth.MethodsPregnant women (n=114; 39% HIV-positive) were prospectively enrolled from an antenatal clinic in semi-rural Tanzania. Maternal cachexia-associated plasma cytokines and hormones, and clinical and anthropometric data were assessed. Cachexia scores were quantified using a novel adaptation of a validated cachexia scoring system. Infant growth anthropometry was measured at birth and after 6 months.ResultsMaternal cachexia score was inversely associated with infant birth weight, birth length, and weight-for-age z-score at 6 months.ConclusionsSymptoms consistent with a mild cachectic state were associated with poorer infant outcomes. This effect was greater for HIV-exposed infants. A better understanding of the maternal cachexia burden and implications for maternal and infant health in HIV, other infections, and inflammatory conditions is needed.
Endodontic treatment of a large periapical cyst with the aid of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy - Case report
Authors: Abu Hasna Amjad , Ferrari Carlos henrique , Talge Carvalho Cláudio Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Periapical cysts, especially those of great extension, represent a challenge for endodontics, since they are not repaired with traditional treatment. The aim of this case report was to evaluate the effectivity of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy “aPDT” when associated with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in treating such cysts. Case report: A 40-year-old female patient complained of bulging in the upper anterior region of the mouth. The clinical examination showed an extensive swollen periodontal area, painful with digital palpation, with a negative response to thermal tests on teeth 11 and 21. After traditional treatment, the canals of 11 and 21 were filled with photosensitizer methylene blue 0.005% pre irradiation time (PIT) of 5 minutes and irradiation by low power diode laser with visible red wavelength (660 nm) during 2 minutes without intervals, using an optical fiber delivering system with a helical movement from apical to cervical. Then the canal were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste for 45 days being changed each 15 days, and repeating the radiation. Results: After 45 days, the patient already had a bulging remission, with painless resistance to apical pressure in the region and signs of bone repair at the radiographic examination, and total absence of signs or symptoms. Conclusion: the association of aPDT with Ca(OH)2 paste is effective in treating of periapical lesions of great extension and avoid surgical treatment.Keywords: Antimicrobial; Calcium hydroxide; Diode Laser; Periapical cysts; Photodynamic Therapy; Root canal treatment.
Reliefs and Symbols at Göbekli Tepe. Records of Early Neolithic Communication
Authors: Velhartická Šárka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe in southeast Turkey has garnered attention over the last two decades thanks to circles of megalithic T-shaped stone pillars dating to the 10th–9th millennium BCE. These stone pillars, which could be considered as representing figures, reach as far as 5.5 metres in height, weigh between 10 and 15 tons and, in many cases, are covered in animal reliefs or geometric motifs. Both the monumentality of the circular structures and their symbolism raise many questions and bring a whole new insight into the life and rituals of early Neolithic societies.
ASEM’s First Two Decades: A Role Discovered
Authors: Doidge Mathew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the first two decades of the transregional Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) from its inception with the Bangkok Summit of 1996. Examining instances of region building and the socialisation of states, it identifies the gradual emergence of a role for the forum, one that stands in some contrast to initial participant expectations. In this respect, rather than a structure for delivering substantive negotiated outcomes around issues such as trade liberalisation, the value of ASEM across its first 20 years came increasingly to be seen in its ideational aspects: identity building, norm diffusion, and dialogue without preconceptions.
Singapore’s Policy in the Asia-Pacific: ASEAN and Open Regionalism
Authors: Yeo Lay Hwee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSingapore’s policies and approach towards the Asia-Pacific region are guided by conservative pragmatism dictated by two imperatives—the geographical constraints of a small city state without a hinterland or natural resources, and the constant need to stay economically competitive and politically relevant in order to survive and thrive. This chapter begins with an overview of the historical development of Singapore and then zooms in to focus on its foreign policy thinking and development approach and examines how these then translate into actual policy and posturing in its immediate neighbourhood and the broader Asia-Pacific region.
Japan’s Diplomatic Strategy toward East Asia: Creation and Evolution of ‘Dual-Track Diplomacy’ in the Post-Cold War Era
Authors: Koga Kei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Japan’s diplomatic strategy toward East Asia underwent three main changes in the post-Cold War era. The first change occurred soon after the 1991 Persian Gulf War propelled Japan to consider a potential way to contribute to international security, resulting in the creation of dual-track diplomacy. The second was the consolidation of Japan’s dual-track diplomacy by strengthening the US–Japan alliance and supporting the ASEAN’s multilateral initiatives in the early 2000s. The third was the enhancement of Japan’s own security efforts to maintain regional stability while making the most of the existing political and security mechanisms in East Asia—multilateralizing US alliance networks and enhancing the ASEAN-led multilateral frameworks. In the future, two factors would likely play a critical role in shaping Japan’s diplomatic strategy: the degree of the future US commitment to the alliance with Japan and the level of China’s assertiveness.