bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting across the Durand: Water dispute between Pakistan and Afghanistan on river Kabul
Authors: Ranjan Amit , Chatterjee Drorima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAll nations firmly believe in the absolute sovereignty over the waters flow in their areas and that only riparian states have any legal right, apart from an agreement, to use the water from the shared river. To address some of their water concerns, the co‐riparian states compete to have more quantity of waters. Significantly, no water agreement exists between upper riparian Afghanistan and lower riparian Pakistan, despite sharing nine big and small rivers. The simmering water dispute between them on the River Kabul is rarely noted mainly because it is overshadowed by their political tensions, differences, and the dispute over the Durand Line. Using an analytical framework, this article examines three aspects of the River Kabul water dispute: its context, identifying the challenges that hinder a formalized bilateral agreement from being implemented, and its future.
Ionic Liquid Synthesis of (Et3S)[Ag4I5] – A Structure Containing Basket‐Like Silver‐Iodide Cages with Ag22+ Pairs
Authors: Svensson Per H. , Kloo Lars 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe compound (Et3S)[Ag4I5], 1, is readily synthesized from room‐temperature, ionic‐liquid media and displays a complex network structure of Ag6I6 cages with Ag22+ pairs forming 1D‐chains linked into layers distinctly separate from the disordered sulphonium cations. The compound should be regarded as a large‐bandgap semiconductor, but its significant structural voids qualify the compound a candidate for optoelectronic applications through the inclusion of suitable guest molecules.
Access to Water Resources and Household Vulnerability to Malaria in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Motsholapheko M. R. , Ngwenya B. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalaria is a persistent health risk for most rural communities in tropical wetlands of developing countries, particularly in the advent of climate change. This chapter assesses household access to water resources, livelihood assets, and vulnerability to malaria in the Okavango Delta of north-western Botswana. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 355 households, key informant interviews, PRA-based focus group discussions (FDGs), interviews with experts in various related fields, PRA workshop participant interviews, and literature review. There was high access to natural capital, and most households engaged in nature-based livelihood activities. Access to resources determined type of livelihood activities that households engaged in. However, there was no association between household exposure and/or susceptibility, and type of livelihood activities pursued by households. Household vulnerability to malaria was higher in remote and rural locations than in urban neighborhoods. Malaria prevention and vulnerability aversion programs need to be coupled with improvements in housing and well-being in the Okavango Delta and similar wetlands.
Cutoff AdS3 versus $$ T\overline{T} $$ CFT2 in the large central charge sector: correlators of energy-momentum tensor
Authors: Li Yi , Zhou Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article we probe the proposed holographic duality between $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed two dimensional conformal field theory and the gravity theory of AdS3 with a Dirichlet cutoff by computing correlators of energy-momentum tensor. We focus on the large central charge sector of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

CFT in a Euclidean plane and a sphere, and compute the correlators of energy-momentum tensor using an operator identity promoted from the classical trace relation. The result agrees with a computation of classical pure gravity in Euclidean AdS3 with the corresponding cutoff surface, given a holographic dictionary which identifies gravity parameters with $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

CFT parameters.
Light dark photon dark matter from inflation
Authors: Nakai Yuichiro , Namba Ryo , Wang Ziwei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We discuss the possibility of producing a light dark photon dark matter through a coupling between the dark photon field and the inflaton. The dark photon with a large wavelength is efficiently produced due to the inflaton motion during inflation and becomes non-relativistic before the time of matter-radiation equality. We compute the amount of production analytically. The correct relic abundance is realized with a dark photon mass extending down to 10−21 eV.
„Selten Gehörte“ für partizipative Gesundheitsforschung gewinnen: Herausforderungen und Strategien
Authors: Schaefer Ina , Kümpers Susanne , Cook Tina 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die partizipative Gesundheitsforschung gewinnt im Bereich Public Health zunehmend Anerkennung. Dabei werden Menschen, deren Leben oder Arbeit im Mittelpunkt der jeweiligen Forschung stehen, in die Projekte eingebunden. Die Integration des Wissens und der Perspektiven von Menschen, die bisher nur selten gehört wurden, eröffnet dabei die Möglichkeit, gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit in den jeweiligen Lebenswelten zu stärken. Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung (PGF) wird häufig mit Gemeinschaften (Communitys) durchgeführt. Jedoch stellt es eine besondere Herausforderung dar, Personen zu erreichen, die kaum oder keinen Zugang zu Netzwerken oder Angeboten haben. Deren Lebensbedingungen und -qualität müssen in der Forschung berücksichtigt werden. Im vorliegenden narrativen Übersichtsartikel wird diese Problematik beleuchtet und Lösungsansätze für die Forschungspraxis werden entwickelt.

Methodik
Es wurde auf eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche der Katholischen Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin nach deutschsprachigen Artikeln zu partizipativer Forschung zurückgegriffen; ergänzend wurde internationale Literatur gesichtet. Darüber hinaus wurden Prozesse von 3 partizipativen Forschungsprojekten ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die dargestellten Zugangswege zu „selten Gehörten“ beziehen sich auf die Reduzierung systemischer Barrieren und die Verbesserung lokaler Voraussetzungen. Beispielsweise wird vor Beginn der Forschung im engeren Sinn eine Vorbereitungsphase empfohlen. Diese kann für den Beziehungs- und Kooperationsaufbau genutzt werden, um die Distanz der Menschen aus der Lebenswelt gegenüber Forschung zu überbrücken.
The influence of soak temperature and forging lubricant on surface properties of steel forgings
Authors: Hill S. , Turner R. P. , Wardle P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA small series of ring compression tests were performed on BS970:708M40 alloy steel. The samples were tested using a 2-factor temperature variable, and a 4-factor lubricant variable, as the design parameters. Two differing soak temperatures were used, namely 1030 °C and 1300 °C respectively. The lubricants applied at the billet to tooling interface were synthetic water–based, graphite water–based, graphite and molybdenum disulphide viscous grease, and finally, unlubricated samples were tested. The ring compression tests were performed using a traditional drop forging hammer and induction heating to minimise any unintentional process variability. The impact that the two varying process parameters have upon the compression sample was then assessed by measuring each sample’s surface hardness and surface roughness prior to and post forging with fully calibrated equipment. It was demonstrated that the higher soak temperature of 1300 °C yielded a lower surface hardness value and higher surface roughness than the lower soak temperature, 1030 °C. The two water-based lubricants offered negligible change in results compared with the unlubricated forging, strongly suggesting that the lubricants were evaporated off the surface prior to forging. However, the results from the graphite–molybdenum disulphate grease do indicate in particular higher surface roughness than other lubricants, and a non-symmetric distortion pattern.
Aktuelle Ist-Analyse zur Situation des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements in Deutschland
Authors: Michael M. , Bax S. , Finke M. , Hoffmann M. , Kornstädt S. , Kümpers P. , Kumle B. , Laaf T. , Reindl M. , Schunk D. , Pin M. , Bernhard M. 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
In Notaufnahmen kommen bundesweit nichttraumatologische kritisch kranke Patienten zur Aufnahme. Zur Struktur, Organisation und Ausstattung des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements ist bisher wenig bekannt. Mittels einer Umfrage sollte daher der Ist-Zustand analysiert werden.

Methodik
Durch die Arbeitsgruppe „Schockraum“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft Interdisziplinäre Notfall- und Akutmedizin (DGINA) wurde mittels E‑Mail den 420 ärztlichen Leiter*Innen des DGINA-Mitgliederregisters eine Onlineumfrage zugesendet. Zwei Wochen nach initialem Anschreiben erfolgte eine Erinnerung. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer anonymisierten Datenbank extrahiert und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt lag die Rücklaufquote mit 131 verwertbaren Antworten bei 31 %. Die Umfrage erfasste Krankenhäuser der Basis- (24 %), erweiterten (39 %) und umfassenden Notfallversorgung (37 %). Korrespondierend zur Versorgungsstufe stiegen die jährlichen Patientenkontakte (21.000 vs. 31.000 vs. 39.000), die Monitorplätze in den Notaufnahmen (9 ± 4 vs. 13 ± 6 vs. 18 ± 10), die Betten der assoziierten Notaufnahmestationen (4 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 17 vs. 13 ± 12), die verfügbaren Schockräume (1 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1) und deren Größe (31 ± 16 vs. 35 ± 9 vs. 38 ± 14 m2) an. Hinsichtlich verschiedener Ausstattungsmerkmale (z. B. Röntgenlafette: 58 vs. 65 vs. 78 %, Computertomographie im Schockraum: 6 vs. 12 vs. 27 %) zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der Versorgungsstufe. Während Kühlungssysteme in 30 % in allen Versorgungsstufen vorgehalten wurden, fanden sich andere Ausstattungsmerkmale (z. B. Videolaryngoskopie: 65 vs. 80 vs. 86 %, Bronchoskopie: 29 vs. 22 vs. 45 %) und spezielle Notfallprozeduren (z. B. REBOA [„resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta“]: 3 vs. 5 vs. 12 %, ACCD [„automated chest compression device“]: 26 vs. 57 vs. 61 %) häufiger in höheren Versorgungsstufen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen erstmals den Ist-Zustand der nichttraumatologischen Schockraumversorgung in verschiedenen Versorgungsstufen in Deutschland. Empfehlungen zu Ausstattungsmerkmalen für das nichttraumatologische Schockraummanagement müssen zukünftig formuliert werden.
Compositional Properties of Alignments
Authors: Berkemer Sarah J. , Höner zu Siederdissen Christian , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlignments, i.e., position-wise comparisons of two or more strings or ordered lists are of utmost practical importance in computational biology and a host of other fields, including historical linguistics and emerging areas of research in the Digital Humanities. The problem is well-known to be computationally hard as soon as the number of input strings is not bounded. Due to its practical importance, a huge number of heuristics have been devised, which have proved very successful in a wide range of applications. Alignments nevertheless have received hardly any attention as formal, mathematical structures. Here, we focus on the compositional aspects of alignments, which underlie most algorithmic approaches to computing alignments. We also show that the concepts naturally generalize to finite partially ordered sets and partial maps between them that in some sense preserve the partial orders. As a consequence of this discussion we observe that alignments of even more general structure, in particular graphs, are essentially characterized by the fact that the restriction of alignments to a row must coincide with the corresponding input graphs. Pairwise alignments of graphs are therefore determined completely by common induced subgraphs. In this setting alignments of alignments are well-defined, and alignments can be decomposed recursively into subalignments. This provides a general framework within which different classes of alignment algorithms can be explored for objects very different from sequences and other totally ordered data structures.
Ambulante Jugendhilfe: Ein systematisches Literatur-Review zur Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation
Authors: Lengen Julia C. , Kersten Maren , Gregersen Sabine 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas vielfältige Tätigkeitsfeld der Jugendhilfe im ambulanten Bereich ist von diversen – unter anderem psychischen – Einflussfaktoren geprägt, die sich auf die Gesundheit der pädagogischen Fachkräfte auswirken können.Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den gesundheitsförderlichen (Ressourcen) sowie gesundheitsgefährdenden (Stressoren) psychischen Belastungsfaktoren und der psychischen Gesundheit sollen mit Hilfe einer systematischen Literaturrecherche betrachtet werden. Nach dem PEO-Schema wird der Forschungsfrage im Zeitraum 2000–2018 in den Datenbanken Medline, PsyInfo und Psyndex nachgegangen, um einen Überblick über die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation der Zielgruppe zu erlangen.Eine Vielzahl von Stressoren und Ressourcen, vor allem in den Bereichen Arbeitsinhalt, Arbeitsorganisation und soziale Beziehungen stehen in einem Zusammenhang mit der psychischen Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Starke bis mittlere Zusammenhänge weisen die Stressoren Arbeitsmenge, Rollenstress, Klientenverhalten/-charakteristika und die personenbezogenen Faktoren Neurotizismus und Pflichtbewusstsein auf. Bei den Ressourcen gilt dies für die Kontrolle, Rollenklarheit, moderate Arbeitsmenge, Wertschätzung, Einbindung/Beteiligung und die personenbezogenen Ressourcen Werteübereinstimmung und Achtsamkeit.Die gesichteten zehn Studien vermitteln einen ersten Eindruck über Faktoren, die mit der psychischen Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im untersuchten Berufsfeld im Zusammenhang stehen.Praktische RelevanzDie Zahl der Beschäftigten in den Einrichtungen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe steigt seit Jahren. Rund 21 % der krankheitsbedingten Abwesenheitstage in der Berufsgruppe der Sozialarbeiter*innen sind auf psychische Erkrankungen zurückzuführen. Damit ist das Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen im Vergleich zu anderen Branchen besonders stark von psychischen und Verhaltens-Störungen betroffen.
The Namibian bioeconomy: transformation to a sustainable society?
Authors: Heeren-Hauser Anne , Cheikhyoussef Ahmad , Chimwamurombe Percy M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWorldwide, bioeconomy is promoted as an ‘engine for sustainable development’. However, increasingly, the notion that ‘the bioeconomy’ will facilitate sustainable development per se is challenged. Based on the assumption that when leaving the relations between ‘nature’ and ‘society’ unquestioned, inherent inequalities are rather reproduced than overcome, we draw upon a social-ecological framework to analyse the societal relations to nature in the Namibian bioeconomy. In Namibia, with independence, an array of different benefit-sharing mechanisms have been developed to implement local participatory governance structure, which will be further streamlined under the newly introduced access and benefit-sharing law. Results show that despite efforts to facilitate a diversity-based bioeconomy, separating structures and trade-offs are persistent. Images of ‘nature’, like the ‘eternal Namibian landscape’, that draw upon colonial notions are frequently used to market indigenous natural products. Institutions to ‘nature’ that guarantee fair and equitable terms of trade are often only short-term and/or small-scale, e.g. as shown at the case of Devil’s claw, Hoodia and Namibian Myrrh. Even when perspectives cannot be assigned in a stereotypical way between user and provider, and instead, all actors refer to biodiversity and traditional knowledge as ‘welfare of the people’, ‘cultural heritage’, ‘input for R&D’, ‘community benefit’, and ‘marketing tool’, a rational-instrumental reasoning tends to be favoured of a normative-ethical one. A more diversified awareness towards the dialectics entailed in the conception, making, and management of ‘nature’ potentially inhibiting an inclusive sustainable development is relevant at any theory–practice interface, including development project-management and environmental policy-making.
Generic homeomorphisms have full metric mean dimension
Authors: CARVALHO MARIA , RODRIGUES FAGNER B. , VARANDAS PAULO 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove that for
$C^0$
-generic homeomorphisms, acting on a compact smooth boundaryless manifold with dimension greater than one, the upper metric mean dimension with respect to the smooth metric coincides with the dimension of the manifold. As an application, we show that the upper box dimension of the set of periodic points of a
$C^0$
-generic homeomorphism is equal to the dimension of the manifold. In the case of continuous interval maps, we prove that each level set for the metric mean dimension with respect to the Euclidean distance is
$C^0$
-dense in the space of continuous endomorphisms of
$[0,1]$
with the uniform topology. Moreover, the maximum value is attained at a
$C^0$
-generic subset of continuous interval maps and a dense subset of metrics topologically equivalent to the Euclidean distance.
Brachial supporting structure of Spiriferida (Brachiopoda)
Authors: Yuan Zhiwei , Guo Wen , Lyu Dan , Sun Yuanlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe filter-feeding organ of some extinct brachiopods is supported by a skeletal apparatus called the brachidium. Although relatively well studied in Atrypida and Athyridida, the brachidial morphology is usually neglected in Spiriferida. To investigate the variations of brachidial morphology in Spiriferida, 65 species belonging to eight superfamilies were analyzed. Based on the presence/absence of the jugal processes and normal/modified primary lamellae of the spiralia, four types of brachidium are recognized. Type-I (with jugal processes) and Type-II (without jugal processes), both having normal primary lamellae, could give rise to each other by losing/re-evolving the jugal processes. Type-III, without jugal processes, originated from Type-II through evolution of the modified lateral-convex primary lamellae, and it subsequently gave rise to Type-IV by evolving the modified medial-convex primary lamellae. The evolution of brachidia within individual evolutionary lineages must be clarified because two or more types can be present within a single family. Type-III and Type-IV are closely associated with the prolongation of the crura, representing innovative modifications of the feeding apparatus in response to possible shift in the position of the mouth towards the anterior, allowing for more efficient feeding on particles entering the mantle cavity from the anterior gape. Meanwhile, the modified primary lamellae adjusted/regulated the feeding currents. The absence of spires in some taxa with Type-IV brachidium might suggest that they developed a similar lophophore to that in some extant brachiopods, which can extend out of the shell.
Backscratching in banks: political cycles in bank manager appointments
Authors: Markgraf Jonas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClose ties between politicians and businesses affect firms’ performance and political outcomes, and while direct political control over firms has been curtailed by tightened regulation, political connections remain ubiquitous in many countries. Yet, it is unclear through which channels these linkages are maintained in strictly regulated environments. I speculate that one such channel of political control over firms is politicians’ ability to influence corporate appointment decisions. To test the claim, I employ survival models that analyze chairpersons’ turnovers in 90 Spanish savings banks between 1985 and 2010 and find strong evidence for electoral appointment cycles: bank chairpersons are more likely to lose office shortly after regional elections and when new governments enter office.
Sand calcites as a key to Pleistocene periglacial landscapes
Authors: Thiry Médard , Innocent Christophe , Girard Jean-Pierre , Milnes Anthony Richard , Franke Christine , Guillon Sophie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe tested the potential for sand calcites to serve as a novel paleoclimate archive by investigating their age and formation conditions. Fontainebleau sand calcites are Pleistocene in age (based on14C and U-Th dating) and were primarily formed during glacial periods. δ13C values increase with the depth at which these sand calcites formed, consistent with open and closed CO2systems. Interpretation of the δ18O-T relationship in sand calcites points primarily to their formation at a low temperature, around 2°C in shallow ground water and at about 9°C in deeper ground-water settings. Their occurrence, characteristics, and compositions suggest crystallization from paleo-ground waters in permafrost environments. Crystallization of sand calcites was triggered by degassing of cold carbonate-containing surface waters as they infiltrated warmer subsurface ground-water environments. We consider sand calcites to be important indicators of interactions between meteoric water and ground water in Pleistocene periglacial landscapes. Their disposition may point to specific features of periglacial landscapes, and their ages could permit an assessment of landscape incision rates. Large crystals and zoned spheroliths may, in fact, encapsulate continuous high-resolution records of continental glacial and periglacial paleoenvironments.
Exploring the effects of oily fish consumption on measures of acute and long-term stress in healthy 8–9-year-old children: the FiSK Junior randomised trial
Authors: Teisen Marie N. , Vuholm Stine , Rantanen Jesper M. , Christensen Jeppe H. , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Lauritzen Lotte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) are known to reduce blood pressure (BP), heart rate and vagal tone, but potential stress-mitigating effects of n-3 LCPUFA are not well investigated. We explored the effects of oily fish consumption on long-term stress and the stress response in schoolchildren. Healthy 8–9-year-old children were randomised to receive about 300 g/week of oily fish or poultry for 12 weeks (199 randomised, 197 completing). At baseline and endpoint, we measured erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, hair cortisol and the response to a 1-min cold pressor test (CPT) on saliva cortisol, BP and continuous electrocardiogram recordings. Post-intervention hair cortisol did not differ between the groups, but sex-specificity was indicated (Psex × group = 0·074, boys: −0·9 (95 % CI −2·9, 1·0) ng/g, girls: 0·7 (95 % CI −0·2, 1·6) ng/g). Children in the fish group tended to be less prone to terminate CPT prematurely (OR 0·20 (95 % CI 0·02, 1·04)). Mean heart beat interval during CPT was 18·2 (95 % CI 0·3, 36·6) ms longer and high frequency power increased (159 (95 % CI 29, 289) ms2) in the fish v. poultry group. The cardiac autonomic response in the 10 min following CPT was characterised by a sympathetic peak followed by a parasympathetic peak, which was most pronounced in the fish group. This exploratory study does not support a strong effect of oily fish consumption on stress but indicates that oily fish consumption may increase vagal cardiac tone during the physiological response to CPT. These results warrant further investigation.