bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os governos não centrais: compartilhamento de competências na dimensão subnacional dos Estados
Authors: Canzi Idir , Teixeira Marcelo Markus 
Published: June 2020

O artigo problematiza sobre o compartilhamento de competências dos denominados governos não centrais, situados na dimensão subnacional e local (Estados federados, municípios e comunidades territoriais não estatais). Os governos não centrais, consideradas as especificidades de sua natureza jurídica e atividades desenvolvidas na atualidade e cena internacional, também podem ser classificados como sujeitos emergentes da sociedade internacional contemporânea. O desenvolvimento temático se concentra na abordagem preliminar do compartilhamento de competências dos Estados federados e comunidades estatais nos ordenamentos europeus, seguida da inserção dos municípios brasileiros no assunto. A conclusão se dirige em apontar que o compartilhamento de competências entre Estado e entidades territoriais de caráter público, no equilíbrio interno dos Estados, se fortalece cada vez mais no contexto da atual conjuntura política e econômica que liga o global ao local e vice-versa, provocadora de uma significativa flexibilização da soberania Estatal centralizada, em tempos de grandes mudanças de paradigmas. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, pautada pela utilização do método dedutivo.
Atmospheric chemical loss processes of isocyanic acid (HNCO): a combined theoretical kinetic and global modelling study
Authors: Rosanka Simon , Vu Giang H. T. , Nguyen Hue M. T. , Pham Tien V. , Javed Umar , Taraborrelli Domenico , Vereecken Luc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a chemical constituent suspected to be harmful to
humans if ambient concentrations exceed ∼1 ppbv. HNCO is
mainly emitted by combustion processes but is also inadvertently released
by NOx mitigation measures in flue gas treatments. With increasing
biomass burning and more widespread usage of catalytic converters in car
engines, good prediction of HNCO atmospheric levels with global models is
desirable. Little is known directly about the chemical loss processes of HNCO,
which limits the implementation in global Earth system models. This study
aims to close this knowledge gap by combining a theoretical kinetic study on
the major oxidants reacting with HNCO with a global modelling study. The
potential energy surfaces of the reactions of HNCO with OH and NO3
radicals, Cl atoms, and ozone were studied using high-level
CCSD(T)/CBS(DTQ)//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemical methodologies,
followed by transition state theory (TST) theoretical kinetic predictions of the rate coefficients at
temperatures of 200–3000 K. It was found that the reactions are all slow in
atmospheric conditions, with k(300K)≤7×10-16 cm3molecule-1s-1, and that product formation occurs predominantly by
H abstraction; the predictions are in good agreement with earlier
experimental work, where available. The reverse reactions of NCO radicals
with H2O, HNO3, and HCl, of importance mostly in combustion, were
also examined briefly. The findings are implemented into the atmospheric model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) to estimate the
importance of each chemical loss process on a global scale. The EMAC
predictions confirm that the gas-phase chemical loss of HNCO is a negligible
process, contributing less than 1 % and leaving heterogeneous losses as the
major sinks. The removal of HNCO by clouds and precipitation contributes
about 10 % of the total loss, while globally dry deposition is the main
sink, accounting for ∼90 %. The global simulation also
shows that due to its long chemical lifetime in the free troposphere, HNCO
can be efficiently transported into the UTLS by deep convection events.
Daily-average mixing ratios of ground-level HNCO are found to regularly
exceed 1 ppbv in regions dominated by biomass burning events, but rarely
exceed levels above 10 ppt in other areas of the troposphere, though locally
instantaneous toxic levels are expected.
Condensation/immersion mode ice-nucleating particles in a boreal environment
Authors: Paramonov Mikhail , Drossaart van Dusseldorp Saskia , Gute Ellen , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Heikkilä Paavo , Keskinen Jorma , Chen Xuemeng , Luoma Krista , Heikkinen Liine , Hao Liqing , Petäjä Tuukka , Kanji Zamin A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particle (INP) measurements were performed
in the boreal environment of southern Finland at the Station for Measuring
Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II) in the winter–spring of 2018.
Measurements with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) were conducted
at 242 K and 105 % relative humidity with respect to water. The median INP
number concentration [INP] during a 6-week measurement period was 13 L−1. The [INP] spanned 3 orders of magnitude and showed a general increase
from mid-February until early April. No single dominant local or regional
sources of INPs in the boreal environment of southern Finland could be
identified. Rather, it is hypothesised that the INPs detected at SMEAR II
are a result of long-range transport and dilution of INPs sourced far from
the measurement site. Despite high variability, the measured [INP] values
fall within the range expected for the [INP] measured elsewhere under similar
thermodynamic conditions. The [INP] did not correlate with any of the examined
parameters during the entire field campaign, indicating that no one single
parameter can be used to predict the [INP] at the measurement location during
the examined time period. The absence of a correlation across the entire field
campaign also suggests that a variety of particles act as INPs at
different times, although it was indirectly determined that
ambient INPs are most likely within the size range of 0.1–0.5 µm in
diameter on average. On shorter timescales, several particle species correlated well
with the [INP]. Depending on the meteorological conditions, black carbon (BC),
supermicron biological particles and sub-0.1 µm particles, most likely
nanoscale biological fragments such as ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs),
correlated with the INP signal. However, an increase in the concentration of
any of these particle species may not necessarily lead to the increase in the
[INP]; the reasons for this remain unknown. Limitations of the instrumental
set-up and the necessity for future field INP studies are addressed.
Apresentação: A ditadura continua para os índios
Authors: Lima Edilene Coffaci de , Pacheco Rafael 
Published: June 2020

O dossiê decorre do seminário "Povos Indígenas: Memória, Verdade, Justiça", ocorrido no Centro de Pesquisa e Formação do Sesc-SP, compreendido na chamada "ação em rede" Abril Indígena 2019. Por dois dias, especialistas indígenas e não-indígenas detiveram-se nos dilemas da proposição de (uma) justiça de transição para os povos indígenas. Compreendido no contexto de construção da memória pública do genocídio indígena no Brasil republicano, este volume se soma como contribuição interdisciplinar (e massivamente antropológica) às diversas iniciativas em proliferação desde a experiência das comissões da verdade, remarcando a recomendação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV)de continuidade e aprofundamento das pesquisas.
Effects of irrigation and shoot thinning on the size and phenolics content of developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo)
Authors: Molero de Ávila María E. , Alarcón María V. , Moreno Daniel , Mancha Luis A. , Uriarte David , Francisco-Morcillo Javier 
Published: June 2020

Aim of study: The concentration of phenolics in the grape berries can be influenced by cultural practices such as irrigation or thinning. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of these practices on grape size and phenolics content. Area of study: The trial was carried out in an experimental cv. Tempranillo vineyard located in Extremadura, Spain. Material and methods: Two irrigation regimes were considered: rainfed vines (non-irrigated, NIr), and 100% ETc irrigated vines (Ir). For each irrigation treatment, two cropping levels were studied: low shoot-thinning (LT) vs high shoot-thinning (HT) implemented in winter and spring, respectively. Berry weight, and total phenolics, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin concentrations were determined at eight stages of berry development in three consecutive years (2014, 2015, and 2016). Main results: Specific weather conditions of each year affected phenolics accumulation differently. In 2014, where maximum temperatures were low and an important rainfall occurred at Stage II, both the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. In 2015, where a little rainfall was registered at Stage II, the berries from the NIr-HT and Ir-HT treatments accumulated the greatest total phenolics and proanthocyanidin contents, but the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest accumulation of anthocyanins. Finally, in 2016, where high maximum temperatures and scarce rainfall were registered, the Ir-LT and Ir-HT treatments presented the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. Research highlights: A significant effect of irrigation and thinning was observed on berry size and phenolic content, as well as year × thinning interaction.
COMPUTER-AIDED PHASE IDENTIFICATION AND FRAME-TO-FRAME ANALYSIS OF ENDODONTIC ASYMMETRIC RECIPROCATION ROTATION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Fidler Aleš , Orhan Ekim Onur , Irmak Özgür 
Published: June 2020

To perform a detailed evaluation of reciprocating motion using a computer-aided phase identification and frame-to-frame analysis, continuous rotation at 300 rpm, RECIPROC ALL mode and WAVEONE ALL-mode were recorded with a high-speed camera. Movie files were automatically analyzed with digital video analysis and modeling tool. RECIPROC ALL mode parameters were 186.34°±1.02 at 428.32 rpm ±7.61 and 65.07°±0.93 at 261.06 rpm ± 7.72; WAVEONE ALL-mode parameters were 191.39°±1.32 at 523.83 rpm ±14.36 and 70.13°±1.26 at 316.06 rpm ± 8.75. The variability of rotational speed during the cycle and distinct acceleration –deceleration patterns, was similar for both reciprocating modes. The computer-aided frame-to-frame analysis revealed that asymmetrical reciprocating motion has more complex kinematics demonstrating high peak rotational speed values and different patterns of acceleration and deceleration. While there was a difference in reciprocating cycle duration and rotational speed, both cycles demonstrated a similar dynamic of rotational speed during the cycle.
Évaluation de la vulnérabilité à la pollution des eaux souterraines par la méthode DRASTIC : cas de la nappe alluviale de Rich (Haut Atlas central, Maroc)
Authors: El Kayssi Youssef , Hilali Mohamed , Kouz Taoufiq , Kacimi Ilias 
Published: June 2020

L'urbanisation rapide et les rejets des eaux usées correspondants, ainsi que l’utilisation de plus en plus intensive d'engrais chimiques, constituent un risque potentiel pour la pollution des eaux souterraines. La cartographie de la vulnérabilité de ces eaux à la pollution minimise ce risque par l’identification des zones les plus sensibles en vue d’une bonne gestion qualitative de la ressource. Ici, la vulnérabilité a été évaluée pour la nappe alluviale de Rich (Haut Atlas central du Maroc) en utilisant la méthode DRASTIC avec une comparaison avec la méthode PRK (où P est la pente topographique, R est le rapport entre la variation piézométrique et l’épaisseur de la zone non saturée et K est la perméabilité de la formation aquifère). La carte DRASTIC obtenue a été testée et validée par la conductivité électrique de 44 puits via le test de Kappa (Kc) et le taux de coïncidence. Le résultat obtenu montre un indice K négligeable (0,006) et un taux de coïncidence faible de 24 %, ce qui conduit à valider avec réserves la carte obtenue. Les classes de vulnérabilité obtenues ont montré que 21,7 % de la zone d’étude présentait une vulnérabilité faible à très faible, 56,6 % une vulnérabilité modérée et 21,7 % une vulnérabilité forte à très forte. La complexité dans la réalisation de cette carte réside dans le choix du paramètre de conductivité électrique pour refléter l’état de pollution et dans la densité des données ponctuelles introduites et la façon d’introduire ces données, souvent par interpolation, assignant des valeurs dans des secteurs où aucune donnée n’est connue ou n’existe. Une mise à jour de cette carte devient nécessaire par le choix d’un autre indicateur de pollution représentatif et par l’intégration d’une masse de données plus importante pour avoir un résultat plus fiable qui peut être utilisé comme un outil permettant de sensibiliser davantage les services publics concernés par les eaux souterraines dans la région.
Biochars issus de roseau commun pour l’adsorption du méthylorange en solution aqueuse
Authors: Melouki Soriya , Reffas Abdelbaki , Merrouche Abdellah , Reinert Laurence , Duclaux Laurent 
Published: June 2020

L’industrie textile consomme de grandes quantités d’eau et utilise des colorants organiques pour teindre ses produits commerciaux. Ces colorants synthétiques sont à la fois toxiques et responsables de la coloration des eaux usées, ce qui nécessite de les traiter avant leur rejet. La plupart des colorants ne sont pas biodégradables et une fois rejetés provoquent une altération du milieu aquatique. Parmi les procédés de traitement des rejets liquides, l’adsorption sur charbon actif est une technique facile à mettre en oeuvre et peu onéreuse. L’objectif de cette étude consiste en la préparation de biochars à partir de roseau commun afin d’obtenir un adsorbant applicable pour la décoloration des effluents de l’industrie textile. Le roseau commun (Phragmites australis) de la rivière de Sed–Ksob de M’sila (Algérie) a été valorisé et utilisé comme précurseur pour la fabrication de biochars par activation à l’acide phosphorique. La chimie de surface des matériaux a été caractérisée par titrage sélectif (dosage de Boehm), analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG) et mesure du point de charge nulle (pHpzc). La texture poreuse a été étudiée par l’adsorption du bleu de méthylène (BM) et la mesure de l’indice d’iode. Les résultats de l’analyse ATG et du dosage de Boehm montrent la présence de nombreux groupes fonctionnels de surface sur les biochars. Les teneurs en groupes fonctionnels oxygénés dépendent du rapport d'imprégnation en acide phosphorique, à l'exception de celui obtenu à un rapport d'imprégnation de 150 %. L’adsorption du BM et le test d’indice d’iode indiquent une augmentation de la surface spécifique lorsqu’on augmente le rapport d'imprégnation. Ceci est dû au développement de la microporosité et de la mésoporosité. Les biochars ont été testés pour leur performance d'adsorption vis-à-vis d'un colorant anionique, le méthylorange (MeO). L’influence de différents paramètres expérimentaux a été étudiée : la concentration, le temps de contact et la température. L’étude des isothermes d'adsorption montre que le modèle de Langmuir décrit bien le processus de l’adsorption du MeO sur les biochars préparés. La cinétique d’adsorption peut être décrite par les modèles de pseudo-second ordre et de diffusion dans le film liquide. Le phénomène d’adsorption est de type physique et endothermique.
Variation de l’abondance des nauplii de copépodes et influence des variables environnementales sur leur développement dans les eaux du Haut-Bandama (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Soro Tiéligounon Ali , Etilé Raphaël N’doua , Gooré Bi Gouli 
Published: June 2020

Le but de cette étude est d’étudier les variations spatiales et temporelles de l’abondance des nauplii de copépodes en relation avec les facteurs environnementaux. Pour ce faire, des échantillonnages d’eau et de zooplancton ont été faits de novembre 2017 à septembre 2018 dans la rivière Lokpoho (affluent du Bandama) et dans le cours principal du fleuve Bandama. Il ressort des analyses que les nauplii de copépodes sont plus abondants en saison sèche (moyenne 74 ind∙L-1) qu’en saison des pluies (moyenne 51 ind∙L-1), avec les valeurs les plus élevées enregistrées en pleine saison sèche (118 ind∙L-1). L’abondance moyenne annuelle des nauplii de la rivière Lokpoho (77 ind∙L-1) est supérieure à celle du fleuve Bandama (38 ind∙L-1). Durant la saison sèche, l’abondance des nauplii est fortement influencée par la conductivité, l’oxygène dissous et le pH. Pendant la saison des pluies, les principales variables qui influencent l’abondance des nauplii sont le manganèse, la transparence, la chlorophylle a et le nitrate. Annuellement, l’abondance des nauplii de copépodes est influencée positivement et significativement par l’abondance des copépodes adultes et la transparence. Cependant, le taux de nitrate a une influence négative sur le développement des nauplii de copépodes du Haut-Bandama. Cette influence négative serait due aux activités agropastorales menées dans la région de Ferké.
Lycopene alleviates oxidative stress via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2pathway in a cell model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fang Yinchao , Ou Shanshan , Wu Tong , Zhou Lingqi , Tang Hai , Jiang Mei , Xu Jie , Guo Kaihua 
Published: June 2020

Background & Aims
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lycopene is a pigment with potent antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. However, its potential role in central nervous system is not well-defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene on the cell model of AD and determine its underlying mechanisms.

Methods
M146L cell is a double-transfected (human APP gene and presenlin-1 gene) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that overexpresses β -amyloid (Aβ) and is an ideal cell model for AD. We treated cells with lycopene, and observed the effect of lycopene on M146L cells.

Results
Oxidative stress and apoptosis in M146L cells were significantly higher than those in CHO cells, suggesting that Aβ induced OS and apoptosis. Lycopene alleviated OS and apoptosis, activated the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, upregulated antioxidant and antiapoptotic proteins and downregulated proapoptotic proteins. Additionally, lycopene inhibited β -secretase (BACE) activity in M146L cells. These results suggest that lycopene inhibits BACE activity and protects M146L cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.

Conclusion
Lycopene possibly prevents Aβ-induced damage by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway and reducing the expression of BACE in M146L cells.
Effect of Accelerated Retting Process on Physiochemical and Pasting Properties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Flours
Authors: Ze Nardis Nkoudou , Ndjouenkeu Robert , Ngang Jean Justin Essia 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To compare the physicochemical (water, total titratable acid, amylose and amylopectin contents), functional (swelling and solubility powers) and pasting characteristics of cassava flour retted in two different ways.
Study Design: Flours were produced from two cassava cultivars subjected to natural and accelerated fermentations using a multi-strain mixed starter.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology of the University of Yaounde 1 and Department of Food Science and Nutrition at the University of Ngaoundere, both in Cameroon, between November 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: The cassava roots of each cultivars were divided into two groups and fermented by submerging peeled roots in tap water. One group of each cassava cultivar was inoculated with 1% (w/w) of the starter, while the other was subjected to a spontaneous fermentation. Retting stopped after the softening of the roots; that is after twenty-six hours for the inoculated groups, and after seventy-two hour for the control groups. The fermented roots were then squeezed, dried and grounded in a blender. Flours obtained were subjected to physicochemical, functional and pasting analysis.
Results: Flours produced in accelerated fermentation (AF) were characterized by their low amylopectin contents (46.59% and 43.57%), swelling power (6.71% and 7.56%), solubility (6.03% and 7.96%), and peak viscosity (6182 cP and 5676 cP) for Six-mois and Mintol-meko flours respectively. Whereas setback viscosity (1032 cP and 1068 cP), stability (0.27 and 0.24) and final viscosity (3565 cP and 3566 cP) of flours from natural fermentation (NF) were lower than those from AF.
Conclusion: The accelerated fermentation reduces the tendency of paste to downgrade, that is responsible for staling in baked products and could therefore produce flours that are less fluid.
Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Choice of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices to Adapt to Climate Change in Masaba South Sub-County, Kisii, Kenya
Authors: Nyang’au Jared O. , Mohamed Jema H. , Mango Nelson , Makate Clifton , Wangeci Alex N. , Ahenda Stephen O. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study evaluated determinants that influence choice of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya.
Study Design: This study used a multivariate probit model to evaluate determinants that influence farmers’ choice of CSA practices.
Place and Duration of Study: Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya between the second week of April 2019 and the last week of May 2019.
Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 196 households, 3 focused group discussions and 7 key informant interviews. Information such as socio-economic, land ownership, climate change perception, crop production practices and institutional characteristics were collected from the households.
Results: The results showed that crop diversification, change of crop varieties and crop rotation and/or mixed cropping are the dominant adaptation strategies in the study area. Access to credit, farm income, climate change perception and household size have a significant positive influence on adoption of most CSA practices. Small-sized farms, lack of access to extension services, level of education and inaccessibility to weather and climate information were major barriers influencing adoption of CSA practices.
Conclusion: To reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers to impacts of climate variability and change, the study recommends the need to enhance increased access to extension services and timely dissemination of climate information to farmers in the form they can easily understand and decode.