bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomic analysis of the type IX secretion system mutants in Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Gorasia Dhana G. , Glew Michelle D. , Veith Paul D. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic, gram‐negative human oral pathogen highly associated with chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis utilizes the type IX secretion system (T9SS) to transport many of its virulence factors including the gingipains to the cell surface. The T9SS is comprised of at least 16 proteins and the involvement of these 16 proteins in the T9SS has been verified by creating gene deletion mutants in P. gingivalis. These T9SS mutants are regularly utilized to understand how these proteins function together to allow the secretion of the T9SS substrates. We performed label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis on the T9SS protein mutants in P. gingivalis to understand the relative abundance of each T9SS component in different mutants. The T9SS components were reduced in abundance in the porK, porL, porM, porN, sov and porT mutants, whereas they were increased in the porE, porU, porV, porZ and porQ mutants. Sov and PorW appear to be the lowest in abundance and PorV the highest amongst all the T9SS components in P. gingivalis wild‐type strain. These results are consistent with the proposed role of Sov as the translocation pore in the outer membrane and PorV as the shuttle protein that transports the T9SS substrates between sub‐complexes. Together, the label‐free quantitative proteomics analyses showed that different T9SS mutants have vastly different abundances of the T9SS components. This knowledge will greatly assist in interpreting the phenotype of the T9SS mutants as well as selecting the right mutant for exploring the role of an individual component.
The impact of side effects on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients' adherence to prescribed medical therapy
Authors: Ata Elvan E. , Bahadir‐Yilmaz Emel , Bayrak Nurten G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeOur study aims to investigate how antipsychotic drugs' side effects impact schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients and how this affects their adherence to prescribed medical therapy.Design and MethodsThe study sample consists of 47 bipolar disorder and 45 schizophrenic patients. Data were collected using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS).FindingsThe mean total LUNSERS scores showed that bipolar disorder patients had more significant side effects compared with schizophrenic patients (P < .05). There was a moderate negative correlation between the mean MARS scores and mean LUNSERS scores of bipolar disorder patients (P < .05).Practice ImplicationsNursing care actions and strategies should be planned and implemented to promote adherence to treatment.
It's economic size, stupid! How global advocacy mirrors state power
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel , Poletti Arlo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerous empirical studies suggest that global interest communities are heavily biased in favor of wealthier countries. This research note critically reviews these works suggesting that they (i) lack a benchmark to assess the biased nature of global interest communities and (ii) conflate the concepts of “wealth” (based on GDP per capita) and “economic power” (based on GDP) into one analytical category. As a corrective to these problems, we compare variation in global interest group mobilization across countries to the size of these countries' national economies. Relying on an original dataset mapping interest groups communities at the World Trade Organization (1997–2012) and the United Nations Climate Summits (1997–2011), we show that (i) global interest representation almost perfectly reflects differences in countries' relative economic power and (ii) contrary to the conventional wisdom, wealthier countries are, relative to their economic size, actually underrepresented in global interest communities.
Dual functions of insect wings in an odor-guided aeronautic navigation
Authors: Li Chengyu , Dong Haibo , Zhao Kai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Insects can detect and locate distant odor sources (food, mate, etc.) by tracking odor plumes, which is key to their survival. During an odor-guided navigation, flapping wings have been speculated to actively draw odorants to the antennae and enhance olfactory sensitivity. Utilizing an in-house computational fluid dynamics solver, we have quantified the odor plume structures of a fruit fly in a forward flight motion and have confirmed that the flapping wings induce a strong vortex flow over the insect's head, thereby enhancing the odor mass flux around the antennae (by ~1.8 times). To further understand the function of different wing area in terms of aerodynamics and olfaction, we designed an altered fruit fly wing by removing its trailing-edge portion; subsequent simulations showed that this altered wing has an improved lift production but with significantly reduction of the induced odor mass flux. Contrary to the common belief that the wing shapes of an insect are optimized only for aerodynamic performance, our results suggest that, because both aerodynamic and olfactory functions are indispensable during the odor-guided navigation, insects may sacrifice some aerodynamic potential to enhance olfactory detection; and the shape and size of the wing may be a balance between the two functions. Furthermore, we found that higher wing beat frequency and wing reversal phase induce higher odor mass flux, while lower beat frequency and downstroke phase produce better lift coefficient, which indicates another balance between the two functions.
Numerical Analysis of Sweeping Jets for Active Flow Control Application
Authors: Aram Shawn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It has become apparent recently that the fluidic oscillators, also known as sweeping jets, can be used to create a combination of steady (streamwise vortices) and unsteady (spanwise vortices) forcing mechanisms which have the potential to fulfill many of the promises of active separation control. The fluidic oscillators contain no moving parts, but produce an unsteady component via a natural feedback loop inherent to their geometry. The oscillations are entirely self-induced and self-sustaining. Their simple and robust design and their effectiveness over a wide range of flow conditions make them more attractive than other flow control devices, such as synthetic jets and plasma actuators. Figure 1 shows the instantaneous jet generated in quiescent environment using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model, where the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) branch of the IDDES model is able to capture the turbulence structures properly.
An instantaneous iso-surface of vorticity magnitude, colored by streamwise velocity for flow over a wall-mounted hump is depicted in Figure 2. As expected, a massive flow separation occurs behind the hump in the uncontrolled condition (Figure 2 (a)), with a nearly two-dimensional free shear layer at the edge of the separation line. Breakdown of the shear layer by an array of sweeping jets located slightly downstream of the separation line is seen in Figure 2 (b), which is followed by the elimination of the separation region behind hump. The three-dimensional structures generated by the sweeping jets are smaller and closer to the hump wall than those produced by the steady jets shown in Figure 2 (c). Presence of a large region of reversed flow near the hump wall in its aft section is also seen in the case of the steady jet. This study indicates a superior effectiveness of sweeping jets on separated flows.
Numerical Analysis of an Active Thermomagnetic Device for Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Phillips Makita R. , Carman Gregory P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The abundance of low-grade waste heat necessitates energy harvesting devices to convert thermal energy to electrical energy. Through magnetic transduction, thermomagnetics can perform this conversion at reasonable efficiencies. Thermomagnetic materials use thermal energy to switch between magnetic and non-magnetic states and convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In this study, we numerically analyzed an active thermomagnetic device for thermal energy harvesting composed of gadolinium (Gd) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). A parametric study to determine the device efficiency was conducted by varying the gap distance, heat source temperature, and Gd thickness. Furthermore, the effect of the thermal conductance and applied field was also evaluated. It was found that the relative efficiency for smaller gap distances ranges from ∼15% to 28%; the largest allowable volume of Gd should be used and higher applied field leads to higher efficiencies.
Theory of Non-Dimensional Groups in Film Effectiveness Studies
Authors: Ornano Francesco , Povey Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The desire to improve gas turbines has led to a significant body of research concerning film cooling optimization. The open literature contains many studies considering the impact on film cooling performance of both geometrical factors (hole shape, hole separation, hole inclination, row separation, etc.) and physical influences (effect of density ratio (DR), momentum flux ratio, etc.). Film cooling performance (typically film effectiveness, under either adiabatic or diabatic conditions) is almost universally presented as a function of one or more of three commonly used non-dimensional groups: blowing—or local mass flux—ratio, density ratio, and momentum flux ratio. Despite the abundance of papers in this field, there is some confusion in the literature about the best way of presenting such data. Indeed, the very existence of a discussion on this topic points to lack of clarity. In fact, the three non-dimensional groups in common use (blowing ratio (BR), density ratio, and momentum flux ratio) are not entirely independent of each other making aspects of this discussion rather meaningless, and there is at least one further independent group of significance that is rarely discussed in the literature (specific heat capacity flux ratio). The purpose of this paper is to bring clarity to this issue of correct scaling of film cooling data. We show that the film effectiveness is a function of 11 (additional) non-dimensional groups. Of these, seven can be regarded as boundary conditions for the main flow path and should be matched where complete similarity is required. The remaining four non-dimensional groups relate specifically to the introduction of film cooling. These can be cast in numerous ways, but we show that the following forms allow clear physical interpretation: the momentum flux ratio, the blowing ratio, the temperature ratio (TR), and the heat capacity flux ratio. Two of these parameters are in common use, a third is rarely discussed, and the fourth is not discussed in the literature. To understand the physical mechanisms that lead to each of these groups being independently important for scaling, we isolate the contribution of each to the overall thermal field with a parametric numerical study using 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulations (LES). The results and physical interpretation are discussed.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Parallelogram-Like NH4CoPO4 · H2O/Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O/MnO2 Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yong , Mei Han-Xin , Yang Jing , Gao Hai-Li , Jia Xiao-Dong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To construct novel multicomponent transition metal oxides with the synergistic effect is always the most important strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrode materials. Here, a new type of parallelogram-like NH4CoPO4 · H2O/Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O/MnO2 (NNM) composites were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and the addition amount of MnO2 was adjusted in detail. The morphology, structure, composition, particle size, and distribution of the electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, and laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that when MnO2 was added at 9.7 wt%, the resulting NNM-9.7 composite exhibited a parallelogram-like morphology with an average length, width. and thickness of 5, 3, and 0.2 µm, respectively. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the NNM-9.7 electrode has large specific surface area, good conductivity, and abundant porosity, which makes it to have high-specific capacity (1180 F g−1, 1 A g−1) and excellent rate retention (980 F g−1, 10 A g−1) when compared with other electrodes, which is better than most reported electrodes of nickel–cobalt oxides/hydroxides. These results indicate that the novel NNM-9.7 composite with parallelogram-like shape and its synthesis method may provide a feasible solution for supercapacitors' material issues.
Prospective exploratory study to assess the safety and efficacy of aflibercept in cystoid macular oedema associated with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Strong Stacey A , Peto Tunde , Bunce Catey , Xing Wen , Georgiou Michalis , Esposti Simona Degli , Kalitzeos Angelos , Webster Andrew , Michaelides Michel 
Published: February 2020

Aims
To report the safety and efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea) (ivA) for retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular oedema (RP-CMO) at 12 months via mean central macular thickness (CMT) and reported adverse events.

Methods
A prospective, exploratory, phase II, non-randomised, single-centre, open-label, 1-arm clinical trial involving 30 eyes of 30 patients. Serial ivA was given via loading dose (three injections) followed by treat and extend protocol over 12 months.

Results
Twenty-nine out of 30 (96.7%) patients completed 12 months of follow-up. A total of four to 11 injections per patient were given over the 12 month study. No statistically significant reduction of CMT or visual acuity (VA) improvement was demonstrated in the group overall. Eleven out of 29 (37.9%) participants were considered as ‘responders’, demonstrating at least an 11% reduction of CMT at 12 months on spectral domain optical coherence tomography compared with baseline. A reduction of CMT by mean (SD) 28.1% (12.9 %) was observed in responders at 12 months, however, no statistically significant corresponding improvement in best corrected VA was seen. Baseline characteristics were similar between responder and non-responder groups. No clinically significant adverse events were deemed secondary to ivA.

Conclusion
This first prospective exploratory study demonstrates both the safety and acceptability of serial ivA in patients with RP-CMO, effective at reducing CMT in 37.9% of patients. All patients demonstrating anatomical response did so after their first injection. Longer duration of CMO did not negatively affect response to anti-VEGF. Further study in a larger cohort of patients with shorter CMO duration would be valuable to better establish the utility of VEGF blockade in RP-CMO.

Trial registration numbers

EudraCT (2015-003723-65); ClinicalTrials.gov (
NCT02661711
).
The predictive power of health system environments: a novel approach for explaining inequalities in access to maternal healthcare
Authors: Sochas Laura 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe growing use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to link population-level data to health facility data is key for the inclusion of health system environments in analyses of health disparities. However, such approaches commonly focus on just a couple of aspects of the health system environment and only report on the average and independent effect of each dimension.MethodsUsing GIS to link Demographic and Health Survey data on births (2008–13/14) to Service Availability and Readiness Assessment data on health facilities (2010) in Zambia, this paper rigorously measures the multiple dimensions of an accessible health system environment. Using multilevel Bayesian methods (multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy), it investigates whether multidimensional health system environments defined with reference to both geographic and social location cut across individual-level and community-level heterogeneity to reliably predict facility delivery.ResultsRandom intercepts representing different health system environments have an intraclass correlation coefficient of 25%, which demonstrates high levels of discriminatory accuracy. Health system environments with four or more access barriers are particularly likely to predict lower than average access to facility delivery. Including barriers related to geographic location in the non-random part of the model results in a proportional change in variance of 74% relative to only 27% for barriers related to social discrimination.ConclusionsHealth system environments defined as a combination of geographic and social location can effectively distinguish between population groups with high versus low probabilities of access. Barriers related to geographic location appear more important than social discrimination in the context of Zambian maternal healthcare access. Under a progressive universalism approach, resources should be disproportionately invested in the worst health system environments.
Analysis of age–sex and deprivation stratified trends in assault deaths in Scotland (1974–2015) to identify age, period or cohort effects
Authors: Parkinson Jane , Minton Jon , McCartney Gerry 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesMortality rates in Scotland are higher, and health inequalities are greater, than in the rest of Western and Central Europe. There was a marked divergence during the 1980s and 1990s in the Scottish rates partly due to rises in alcohol-related and drug-related deaths, suicide and deaths by assault. This study examines whether age, period or cohort effects account for the trends in death by assault in Scotland and any sex or deprivation inequalities in these.DesignWe calculated crude and age-standardised mortality rates for deaths by assault for Scottish men and women from 1974 to 2015 for the population overall and for populations stratified by Carstairs area of deprivation. We examined age–sex stratified trends to identify obvious age–period–cohort effects.SettingThis study was conducted in Scotland.ParticipantsMen and women whose registered death by the International Classification of Diseases was due to assault from 1974 to 2015 (n=3936) were included in this study.ResultsWhereas age-standardised mortality rates from this cause fell gradually for women since 1974, for men they increased in the early 1990s and remained higher until around 2006, before falling. Death by assault was substantially more common among men aged around 15–50 years and in the most deprived areas. There was little change in the age groups most impacted over time, which made cohort effects unlikely. A period effect for the 15 years until 2006, with a consistent age–sex–area deprivation patterning, was evident.ConclusionsMortality due to assault in Scotland is unequally felt, with young men living in the most deprived areas suffering the highest rates. There is a 15-year period effect up until 2006, impacting on young men as an age–period interaction, with no obvious cohort effects. Exploration of the demographics of criminological data may identify age, period or cohort effects among perpetrators of assault.
The IMpact of Vertical HIV infection on child and Adolescent SKeletal development in Harare, Zimbabwe (IMVASK Study): a protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rukuni Ruramayi , Gregson Celia , Kahari Cynthia , Kowo Farirayi , McHugh Grace , Munyati Shungu , Mujuru Hilda , Ward Kate , Filteau Suzanne , Rehman Andrea M , Ferrand Rashida 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has reduced mortality so that increasing numbers of children with HIV (CWH) are surviving to adolescence. However, they experience a range of morbidities due to chronic HIV infection and its treatment. Impaired linear growth (stunting) is a common manifestation, affecting up to 50% of children. However, the effect of HIV on bone and muscle development during adolescent growth is not well characterised. Given the close link between pubertal timing and musculoskeletal development, any impairments in adolescence are likely to impact on future adult musculoskeletal health. We hypothesise that bone and muscle mass accrual in CWH is reduced, putting them at risk of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function and increasing fracture risk. This study aims to determine the impact of HIV on BMD and muscle function in peripubertal children on ART in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisChildren with (n=300) and without HIV (n=300), aged 8–16 years, established on ART, will be recruited into a frequency-matched prospective cohort study and compared. Musculoskeletal assessments including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, grip strength and standing long jump will be conducted at baseline and after 1 year. Linear regression will be used to estimate mean size-adjusted bone density and Z-scores by HIV status (ie, total-body less-head bone mineral content for lean mass adjusted for height and lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density. The prevalence of low size-adjusted BMD (ie, Z-scores <−2) will also be determined.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee. Baseline and longitudinal analyses will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to research communities.
Protocol for a feasibility study: a brief self-compassion intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating
Authors: Boggiss Anna L , Consedine Nathan S , Jefferies Craig , Bluth Karen , Hofman Paul L , Serlachius Anna S 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionAdolescents with type 1 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders, particularly eating disorders, compared with their healthy peers. In turn, this increases the risk for sub-optimal glycaemic control and life-threatening diabetes-related complications. Despite these increased risks, standard diabetes care does not routinely provide psychological support to help prevent or reduce mental health risks. There is an urgent need to develop ‘clinically usable’ psychosocial interventions that are acceptable to patients and can be realistically integrated into clinical care. This study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a brief self-compassion intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating behaviour.Methods and analysisThis feasibility study will examine the effectiveness of a brief self-compassion intervention, compared with a waitlist control group. Participants aged 12–16 years will be recruited from three diabetes outpatient clinics in Auckland, New Zealand. The brief self-compassion intervention is adapted from the standardised ‘Making Friends with Yourself’ intervention and will be delivered in a group format over two sessions. Apart from examining feasibility and acceptability through the flow of participants through the study and qualitative questions, we will assess changes to disordered eating behaviour (primary outcome), self-care behaviours, diabetes-related distress, self-compassion, stress and glycaemic control (secondary outcomes). Such data will be used to calculate the required sample size for a fully powered randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has received ethics approval from the Health and Disability Ethics Committee (research project number A+8467). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberANZCTR (12619000541101).