bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Otolaryngology during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Bann Darrin V. , Patel Vijay A. , Saadi Robert , Goyal Neerav , Gniady John P. , McGinn Johnathan D. , Goldenberg David , Isildak Huseyin , May Jason , Wilson Meghan N. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo review the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on pediatric otolaryngology and provide recommendations for the management of children during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Data SourcesClinical data were derived from peer‐reviewed primary literature and published guidelines from national or international medical organizations. Preprint manuscripts and popular media articles provided background information and illustrative examples.MethodsIncluded manuscripts were identified via searches using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, while organizational guidelines and popular media articles were identified using Google search queries. Practice guidelines were developed via consensus among all authors based on peer‐reviewed manuscripts and national or international health care association guidelines. Strict objective criteria for inclusion were not used due to the rapidly changing environment surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic and a paucity of rigorous empirical evidence.ConclusionsIn the face of the COVID‐19 pandemic, medical care must be judiciously allocated to treat the most severe conditions while minimizing the risk of long‐term sequelae and ensuring patient, physician, and health care worker safety.Implications for PracticeThe COVID‐19 pandemic will have a profound short‐ and long‐term impact on health care worldwide. Although the full repercussions of this disease have yet to be realized, the outlined recommendations will guide otolaryngologists in the treatment of pediatric patients in the face of an unprecedented global health crisis.
Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with diazepam for acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Song Yun , Xue Xiaobin , Han Haibin , Li Cuiluan , Jian Jia , Yuan Wei , Chen Xu 
Published: April 2020

Objective To compare the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with diazepam against diazepam alone for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Methods In this double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial, men with acute AWS were randomly allocated to either a group treated with TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 57) or a control group treated with sham TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 60). Treatment was performed at four acupoints twice a day for 14 days. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar), visual analogue scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (mESS) were used to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results All scores improved significantly in both groups during the trial. CIWA-Ar scores were lower in the TEAS group than in the control group from day 3 until the end of observation. VAS and mESS scores were also lower in the TEAS group than in the control group on day 7. VAS and PSQI scores were lower in the TEAS group on day 14. Conclusion Combining diazepam with TEAS may result in milder AWS symptoms than diazepam alone, improve sleep quality and reduce sleepiness.
Assessment of immunogenicity from galcanezumab phase 3 trials in patients with episodic or chronic migraine
Authors: Martinez James M , Hindiyeh Nada , Anglin Greg , Kalidas Kavita , Hodsdon Michael E , Kielbasa William , Moser Brian A , Pearlman Eric M , Garces Sandra 
Published: April 2020

Background This analysis characterizes the immunogenicity profile of galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds calcitonin gene-related peptide and inhibits its activity, in phase 3 migraine trials. Methods Immunogenicity data were analyzed from baseline and double-blind, placebo-controlled phases of the 3-month chronic migraine study REGAIN, the 6-month episodic migraine studies EVOLVE-1 and EVOLVE-2, and from baseline and open-label phases of the 12-month chronic and episodic migraine Study CGAJ. The incidence of baseline antidrug antibodies, treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies, neutralizing antidrug antibodies, and the effect of antidrug antibody titer on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed. The relationship between antidrug antibody status and efficacy was explored using average change in monthly migraine headache days. Safety analyses assessed the potential relationship between treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies and hypersensitivity events or adverse events related to injection sites. Findings Across studies, 5.9–11.2% of patients had baseline antidrug antibodies. The incidence of treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies was 2.6–12.4% in the galcanezumab group and 0.5–1.7% in the placebo group. The majority of treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies were detected approximately 3–6 months after first study drug dose. Overall, the observed antidrug antibody titer did not impact galcanezumab concentrations, calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations, or galcanezumab efficacy. There was no evidence that hypersensitivity events or adverse events related to injection sites were mediated by treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies. Interpretation These data showed that immunogenicity did not impact galcanezumab concentrations, calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations, or the efficacy and hypersensitivity profile of galcanezumab in patients with migraine.
Exercise-Induced Premature Ventricular Contractions Are Associated With Myocardial Ischemia Among Asymptomatic Adult Male Firefighters: Implications for Enhanced Risk Stratification
Authors: Dzikowicz Dillon J. , Carey Mary G. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions (EI-PVCs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among asymptomatic adult males, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Myocardial ischemia due to cardiovascular disease reduces coronary blood flow, may impair exercise performance, and initiates EI-PVCs; thus, EI-PVCs may be an early indicator of cardiovascular disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether EI-PVCs are associated with myocardial ischemia and reduced exercise performance among asymptomatic adult firefighters. Methods: Asymptomatic adult firefighters free of known cardiovascular disease underwent exercise treadmill testing. A 12-lead electrocardiography was placed on participants for 24 hr afterward to measure EI-PVCs in recovery. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of myocardial ischemia. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: Participants comprised 86 asymptomatic adult males. The prevalence of myocardial ischemia was 30.8%. A single EI-PVC was associated with myocardial ischemia (χ2 = 8.98; p = .003). EI-PVC remained a significant predictor despite adjustment for other cardiovascular risks (odds ratio = 4.281, p = .038). Although not statistically significant, the EI-PVC group achieved lower total exercise time (11.4 ± 2.9 vs. 12.4 ± 3.0 min, p = .13), lower metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs; 11.6 ± 2.6 vs. 12.8 ± 2.3 METs, p = .06), and a lower maximum exercise speed (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 4.7 ± 0.8 miles/hr, p = .07). Discussion: EI-PVCs are associated with myocardial ischemia among asymptomatic male firefighters, providing additional evidence of the association between EI-PVCs and myocardial ischemia and suggesting EI-PVCs as an early indicator of cardiovascular disease.
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe: Survey of ophthalmic presentations and management
Authors: Ma Xiaowan , Ning Ke , Jabbehdari Sayena , Prosseda Philipp P. , Hu Yang , Shue Ann , Lambert Scott R. , Sun Yang 
Published: April 2020

Background Lowe syndrome is a rare X-linked disease that is characterized by renal dysfunction, developmental delays, congenital cataracts and glaucoma. Mutations in the oculocerebral renal syndrome of Lowe ( OCRL) gene are found in Lowe syndrome patients. Although loss of vision is a major concern for families and physicians who take care of Lowe syndrome children, definitive cause of visual loss is still unclear. Children usually present with bilateral dense cataracts at birth and glaucoma, which occurs in more than half of cases, either concurrently or following cataract surgery. Materials and methods A retrospective review was conducted on the prevalence and characteristics of ocular findings among families of patients with Lowe syndrome with 137 uniquely affected individuals. Results Of 137 patients, all had bilateral congenital cataracts. Nystagmus was reported in 69.3% of cases, glaucoma in 54.7%, strabismus in 35.0%, and corneal scar in 18.2% of patients. Glaucoma was reported as the most common cause of blindness (46%) followed by corneal scars (41%). Glaucoma occurred in 54.7% of patients and affected both eyes in the majority of cases. Of these patients, 55% underwent surgery for glaucoma, while the remaining patients used medications to control their eye pressure. Timolol and latanoprost were the most commonly used medications. Although trabeculectomy and goniotomy are commonly used for pressure management, aqueous tube shunts had the best outcomes. Conclusion Ocular manifestations in individuals with Lowe syndrome and carriers with OCRL mutation are reported which may help familiarize clinicians with the ocular manifestations and management of a rare and complex syndrome.
Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow graft: A valid option in patients with central venous stenosis
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Carolina , Mira Filipe , Rodrigues Luís , Ferreira Emanuel , Oliveira Nuno , Fonseca Manuel , Anacleto Gabriel , Gonçalves Óscar , Sá Helena , Alves Rui 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Central venous stenosis can be the main obstacle to the creation of an autologous vascular access in the upper limbs. The Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow graft was developed to provide an upper limb vascular access option to such patients, avoiding alternative, less advantageous options, such as lower limb vascular accesses or central venous catheters. Its advantages include catheter avoidance and, in case of lower limbs accesses, reduction of the ischemic risk and iliac vein thrombosis, potentially compromising a future kidney transplant. Patients and methods: Revision of the clinical files of the four patients who were placed a Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow device in our Center, including demographic variables, implantation technique characteristics, surgical complications, episodes of infection and thrombosis of the access, and need to place a transitory central venous catheter to undergo hemodialysis treatment. Results: Four Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow grafts were placed, which resulted in a significant improvement in the dialysis efficacy in all patients, with a median raise in the Kt/V of 36.7%. Two cases needed thrombectomy, one of which was unsuccessful. The actual time of patency varies between 3 and 28 months. Conclusion: Our experience with the Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow device showed that it was a safe option for patients with central venous stenosis and was associated with good clinical and analytic outcomes.
Impact of early division of the middle cerebral artery on outcome following mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Styczen Hanna , Maus Volker , Hesse Amélie C , Goertz Lukas , Fischer Sebastian , Riedel Christian , Forsting Michael , Radbruch Alexander , Behme Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Background Mechanical thrombectomy has become the standard care for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. However, complete reperfusion cannot be achieved in all cases, and several factors influencing the results of mechanical thrombectomy have been investigated. Among others, a tortuous anatomy is associated with lower rates of complete reperfusion. We aimed to investigate whether an early division of the middle cerebral artery has an impact on reperfusion results in mechanical thrombectomy. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients with M1 occlusion treated endovascularly between January 2016 and December 2019 at three tertiary care centers. The study group was dichotomized based on the length of the M1 segment. Early division of the middle cerebral artery was defined as a maximum length of 10 mm of the M1 segment. Primary endpoints were first-pass mTICI scores of 3, ≥2c, and ≥2b. Secondary endpoints contained final reperfusion, number of device-passes, time interval from groin puncture to reperfusion, rate of postinterventional symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and frequency of emboli of new territory. Results Among 284 included patients, 70 presented with an early division of the M1 segment (25%). Reperfusion results did not differ significantly between early and late division of M1. A higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was found in the group with an early M1 division treated with aspiration only (14.3% vs. 0%; p = 0.013). Patients with late M1 division had a significantly higher rate of large artery sclerosis (19.2% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.039). Conclusion The anatomic variant of an early division of the middle cerebral artery was not a predictor for incomplete reperfusion.
Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Liu Xiang , Tao Jing , Li Jing , Cao Xiaolin , Li Yong , Gao Xuefeng , Fu Yong 
Published: April 2020

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune system and may be closely connected to the development of allergic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota composition in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR) patients as compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods We collected stool samples from 93 AR patients and 72 age- and sex-matched HCs. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using QIIME targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), analysis of QIIME, and statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles, among other tests. Results Compared with HCs, AR patients had significantly lower gut-microbiota α-diversity ( P < .001). The gut microbiota composition significantly differed between the 2 study groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher while those of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were lower in the AR group than in the HC group ( P < .001, q < 0.001). At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides ( P < .001, q < 0.001) had significantly higher relative abundances in the AR group than in the HC group. LefSe analysis indicated that Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Dialister were potential biomarkers for AR. In addition, predictive metagenome functional analysis showed that pyruvate, porphyrin, chlorophyll, purine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis significantly differed between the AR and HC groups. Conclusion A comparison of the gut microbiota of AR patients and HCs suggested that dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota is involved in the development of AR. The present results may reveal key differences and identify targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention.
Increase in Free and Total Plasma TGF-β1 Following Physical Activity
Authors: Han Ashley J. , Alexander Louie C. , Huebner Janet L. , Reed Alexander B. , Kraus Virginia B. 
Published: April 2020

Objective To evaluate effects of physical activity and food consumption on plasma concentrations of free and total transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), beta-2 (TGF-β2), and beta-3 (TGF-β3) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Participants ( n = 40 in 2 cohorts of 20; mean age 70 years) with radiographic knee OA were admitted overnight for serial blood sampling. Cohorts 1 and 2 assessed the impacts of food intake and activity, respectively, on TGF-β concentrations. Cohort 1 blood draws included 2 hours postprandial the evening of day 1 (T3), fasting before rising on day 2 (T0), nonfasting 1 hour after rising (T1B), and 4 hours after rising (T2). Cohort 2 blood draws included T3, T0, fasting 1 hour after rising and performing activities of daily living (T1A), and nonfasting 2 hours after rising (T1B). By sandwich ELISAs, we quantified plasma free and total TGF-β1 concentrations in all samples, and plasma total TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in cohort 2. Results Free TGF-β1 represented a small fraction of the total systemic concentration (mean 0.026%). In cohort 2, free and total TGF-β1 and total TGF-β2 concentration significantly increased in fasting samples collected after an hour (T1A) of activities of daily living (free TGF-β1: P = 0.006; total TGF-β1: P < 0.001; total TGF-β2: P = 0.001). Total TGF-β3 increased nonsignificantly following activity ( P = 0.590) and decreased ( P = 0.035) after food consumption while resting (T1B). Conclusions Increased plasma concentrations of TGF-β with physical activity suggests activity should be standardized prior to TGF-β1 analyses.
Spinal surgery and urinary retention: A review of the literature
Authors: Kopel Jonathan , Sharma Dr Pranav 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Postoperative urinary retention is a common complication for patients recovering from general anesthesia or invasive surgery near the spinal column. However, no study has systematically reviewed the incidence of postoperative urinary retention for spinal surgeries performed at the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spinal regions. In this review, we critically analyze and summarize the known literature on the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative urinary retention after spinal surgery. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed at the end of September 2019 within the PubMed database. Results: The average incidence of postoperative urinary retention from nine of the 10 studies was 17.2% with one paper that did not report on postoperative urinary retention incidence. Furthermore, age, male gender, location and history of spinal surgery, duration of surgery, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and Foley catheter were reported as major risk factors for postoperative urinary retention and spinal surgery. Conclusion: Overall, spinal cord and postoperative urinary retention remains a poorly understood area requiring further investigation into the incidence, risk factors, and surgical methods influence postoperative urinary retention and post-operative outcomes. We believe an overview of such data can help revise guidelines for the management of postoperative urinary retention and raise awareness of its prevalence in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
#selfharn on Instagram: understanding online communities surrounding non-suicidal self-injury through conversations and common properties among authors
Authors: Fulcher Jory A. , Dunbar Sarah , Orlando Elizabeth , Woodruff Sarah J. , Santarossa Sara 
Published: April 2020

Objectives #selfharm has been blocked by Instagram, but manoeuvring hashtags (e.g. #selfharn) are beginning to appear in order for secret non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) communities to communicate. The purpose of this study was to (a) determine the nature of the #selfharn conversation on Instagram, (b) analyze common properties of the visual content (i.e. images and videos; n = 93) tagged with #selfharn, and (c) discover what kind of environment the authors ( n = 50) of #selfharn were creating. Methods A multi-method approach was utilized for this study. Netlytic was used to generate a text and content analysis to examine the authors’ captions and comments ( n = 8772) associated with #selfharn (collected over a seven-day period). Results After removing #selfharn from the dataset, the text analysis revealed that #depression ( n = 3081) and #suicide ( n = 2270) were the most commonly used terms associated with #selfharn. Overall, 52% ( n = 4386) of the popular words/phrases related with #selfharn posts were categorized as ‘bad feelings’. Through manual coding, it was determined that the majority of #selfharn visual content ( n = 92; 99%) did not generate an advisory warning but did contain a wound ( n = 70; 75%). The #selfharn author analysis suggests that most were women ( n = 18; 36%) with a dark-coloured profile aesthetic ( n = 37; 74%) determined by an overwhelming amount of grey, black, blue, red, or purple colours. Conclusion According to the text and content analyses, #selfharn on Instagram may be contributing negatively to an online community of mental-health issues. More resources should be provided by Instagram to those who are involved in the NSSI Instagram community.
Reproducibility of calcium scoring of the coronary arteries: comparison between different vendors and iterative reconstructions
Authors: Choi Kyu Sung , Lee Whal , Jung Joon Hyung , Park Eun-Ah 
Published: April 2020

Background The coronary artery calcium scoring (CCS) has been widely used for cardiac risk stratification for asymptomatic patients. Purpose To assess the reproducibility of CCS performed on four different computed tomography (CT) scanners, and compare the variability between two reconstruction algorithms, filtered back projection (FBP), and iterative reconstruction (IR). Material and Methods A CCS phantom was made from agar and contained 23 pieces of chicken bones. The phantom was repeatedly scanned using four different CT scanners: Toshiba; GE; Philips; and Siemens. Images were reconstructed using FBP and IR. Agatston and volume scores of total bone fragments were calculated and the overall differences between the instruments were evaluated using the Friedman test. Comparison of the Agatston and volume scores between the two reconstruction algorithms, for each instrument, was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The difference in the Agatston scores was significantly different between the four machines ( P = 0.001). The Toshiba scanner yielded the highest score followed by Philips, GE, and Siemens scanners. There was no difference in the CCS evaluated using the two reconstruction algorithms, except in case of the Siemens scanner ( P = 0.032). Conclusion CCS performed on different scanners varied significantly. In the Toshiba, Philips, and GE scanners, there was no significant difference in the CCS determined using either an IR or the FBP algorithm. In the Siemens scanner, applying the IR algorithm resulted in a slightly different scores, which might not be clinically significant.
Bendamustine-induced immune hemolytic anemia: a case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Chan Maverick , Silverstein William K. , Nikonova Anna , Pavenski Katerina , Hicks Lisa K. 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Bendamustine can cause severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), which may require plasma exchange and aggressive immunosuppression. Bendamustine-induced AIHA can be delayed, and many, but not all, cases report prior exposure to fludarabine.