bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender, exercise, and health: A life‐course cross‐sectional study
Authors: Matud M. Pilar , Díaz Amelia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore relationships between the practice of exercise, gender, and health, from adolescence to old age, testing the magnitude of gender differences throughout the life cycle in the practice of exercise of Spanish people. A cross‐sectional study with 4,575 women and 4,334 men, aged 13–85 years, was conducted. The participants were assessed on the weekly hours they dedicated to the practice of exercise, masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits, mental health symptomatology, and self‐rated health). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the age groups of adolescence, late adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older age. Results showed that men dedicated significantly more hours to the practice of exercise than women within all age groups, except in older age (men´s average = 4.07; women´s average = 2.55). The masculine/instrumental trait played a mediating role between gender and practice of exercise hours. Furthermore, a decline in the amount of time dedicated to exercise from adolescence to older age was found, with higher drops in men. Finally, the practice of exercise was associated with better self‐rated health and less mental symptoms. These results underline the important role that gender and masculine‐instrumental trait play on the practice of exercise .
Pediculosis capitis in schoolchildren and the marginality rate of the Metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico.
Authors: Valle Barbosa María Ana , Muñoz De La Torre Armando , Vega López María Guadalupe , Flores Villavicencio María Helena , Robles Bañuelos Raúl 
Published: May 2020

Pediculosis capitis (PC) is a plague in schoolchildren around the world, there is a sub-record of cases of this infestation. It is important to expose the lack of studies on the problem, whose presence dates back ancestral times. Methodology: The marginality index in four schools is explored, together with the presence of PC in them. Public schools of the municipalities of Zapopan, Tonalá, Tlaquepaque, and Guadalajara, Mexico are studied. It is a descriptive, transversal and comparative research. Objective: To identify according to the marginality index if there are differences in the prevalence of PC in schoolchildren of four schools in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Results: The sample consisted of 720
schoolchildren. A highest frequency of pediculosis in the female sex was determined, representing 82.35% of the infested students; a global prevalence of 4.72% and a cumulative prevalence of 51.94% was demonstrated, that is, more than half of the students have ever had lice. The presence of these parasites is more common in girls and in long hair. The schools that presented more PC cases are in the medium marginality index.
Use of all cause mortality to quantify the consequences of covid-19 in Nembro, Lombardy: descriptive study
Authors: Piccininni Marco , Rohmann Jessica L , Foresti Luca , Lurani Caterina , Kurth Tobias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on all cause mortality in Nembro, an Italian city severely affected by the covid-19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive study.SettingNembro, in the Bergamo province of Lombardy, northern Italy.PopulationResidents of Nembro.Main outcome measuresMonthly all cause mortality between January 2012 and April 2020 (data to 11 April), number of confirmed deaths from covid-19 to 11 April 2020, and weekly absolute number of deaths between 1 January and 4 April across recent years by age group and sex.ResultsNembro had 11 505 residents as of 1 January 2020. Monthly all cause mortality between January 2012 and February 2020 fluctuated around 10 per 1000 person years, with a maximum of 21.5 per 1000 person years. In March 2020, monthly all cause mortality reached a peak of 154.4 per 1000 person years. For the first 11 days in April, this rate decreased to 23.0 per 1000 person years. The observed increase in mortality was driven by the number of deaths among older people (≥65 years), especially men. From the outbreak onset until 11 April 2020, only 85 confirmed deaths from covid-19 in Nembro were recorded, corresponding to about half of the 166 deaths from all causes observed in that period.ConclusionsThe study findings show how covid-19 can have a considerable impact on the health of a small community. Furthermore, the results suggest that the full implications of the covid-19 pandemic can only be completely understood if, in addition to confirmed deaths related to covid-19, consideration is also given to all cause mortality in a given region and time frame.
Impact evaluation of the free maternal healthcare policy on the risk of neonatal and infant deaths in four sub-Saharan African countries: a quasi-experimental design with propensity score Kernel matching and difference in differences analysis
Authors: Dwomoh Duah , Agyabeng Kofi , Agbeshie Kwame , Incoom Gabriel , Nortey Priscilla , Yawson Alfred , Bosomprah Samuel 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveDespite the huge financial investment in the free maternal healthcare policy (FMHCP) by the Governments of Ghana and Burkina Faso, no study has quantified the impact of FMHCP on the relative reduction in neonatal and infant mortality rates using a more rigorous matching procedure with the difference in differences (DID) analysis. This study used several rounds of publicly available population-based complex survey data to determine the impact of FMHCP on neonatal and infant mortality rates in these two countries.DesignA quasi-experimental study to evaluate the FMHCP implemented in Burkina Faso and Ghana between 2007 and 2014.SettingDemographic and health surveys and maternal health surveys conducted between 2000 and 2014 in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Zambia.ParticipantsChildren born 5 years preceding the survey in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Zambia.Primary outcome measuresNeonatal and infant mortality rates.ResultsThe Propensity Score Kernel Matching coupled with DID analysis with modified Poisson showed that the FMHCP was associated with a 45% reduction in the risk of neonatal mortality rate in Ghana and Burkina Faso compared with Nigeria and Zambia (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=0.55, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.76, p<0.001). In addition, infant mortality rate has reduced significantly in both Ghana and Burkina Faso by approximately 54% after full implementation of FMHCP compared with Nigeria and Zambia (aRR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.59, p<0.001).ConclusionThe FMHCP had a significant impact and still remains relevant in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 and could provide lessons for other sub-Saharan countries in the design and implementation of a similar policy.
International epidemiology databases to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012–2019
Authors: Chammartin Frédérique , Dao Ostinelli Cam Ha , Anastos Kathryn , Jaquet Antoine , Brazier Ellen , Brown Steven , Dabis Francois , Davies Mary-Ann , Duda Stephany N , Malateste Karen , Nash Denis , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , von Groote Per M , Egger Matthias 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe objectives of the International epidemiology databases to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) are to (i) evaluate the delivery of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, adolescents and adults in sub-Saharan Africa, (ii) to describe ART regimen effectiveness, durability and tolerability, (iii) to examine HIV-related comorbidities and coinfections and (iv) to examine the pregnancy-related and HIV-related outcomes of women on ART and their infants exposed to HIV or ART in utero or via breast milk.ParticipantsIeDEA is organised in four regions (Central, East, Southern and West Africa), with 240 treatment and care sites, six data centres at African, European and US universities, and almost 1.4 million children, adolescents and adult people living with HIV (PLWHIV) enrolled.Findings to dateThe data include socio-demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, opportunistic events, treatment regimens, clinic visits and laboratory measurements. They have been used to analyse outcomes in PLWHIV-1 or PLWHIV-2 who initiate ART, including determinants of mortality, of switching to second-line and third-line ART, drug resistance, loss to follow-up and the immunological and virological response to different ART regimens. Programme-level estimates of mortality have been corrected for loss to follow-up. We examined the impact of coinfection with hepatitis B and C, and the epidemiology of different cancers and of (multidrug resistant) tuberculosis, renal disease and of mental illness. The adoption of ‘Treat All’, making ART available to all PLWHIV regardless of CD4+ cell count or clinical stage was another important research topic.Future plansIeDEA has formulated several research priorities for the ‘Treat All’ era in sub-Saharan Africa. It recently obtained funding to set up sentinel sites where additional data are prospectively collected on cardiometabolic risks factors as well as mental health and liver diseases, and is planning to create a drug resistance database.
Understanding how community antiretroviral delivery influences engagement in HIV care: a qualitative assessment of the Centralised Chronic Medication Dispensing and Distribution programme in South Africa
Authors: Dorward Jienchi , Msimango Lindani , Gibbs Andrew , Shozi Hlengiwe , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Hayward Gail , Butler Christopher C , Ngobese Hope , Drain Paul K , Garrett Nigel 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionProviding antiretroviral therapy (ART) for millions of people living with HIV requires efficient, client-centred models of differentiated ART delivery. In South Africa, the Centralised Chronic Medication Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) programme allows over 1 million people to collect chronic medication, including ART, from community pick-up points. We aimed to explore how CCMDD influences engagement in HIV care.MethodsWe performed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with clients receiving ART and healthcare workers in Durban, South Africa. We analysed transcripts using deductive thematic analysis, with a framework informed by ‘theories of practice’, which highlights the materialities, competencies, meanings and other life practices that underpin clients’ engagement in HIV care.ResultsBetween March 2018 to August 2018 we undertook 25 interviews and four focus groups with a total of 55 clients, and interviewed eight healthcare workers. The material challenges of standard clinic-based ART provision included long waiting times, poor confidentiality and restricted opening hours, which discouraged clients from engagement. In contrast, CCMDD allowed quicker and more convenient ART collection in the community. This required the development of new competencies around accessing care, and helped change the meanings associated with HIV, by normalising treatment collection. CCMDD was seen as a reward by clients for taking ART well, and helped reduce disruption to other life practices such as employment. At private pharmacies, some clients reported receiving inferior care compared with paying customers, and some worried about inadvertently revealing their HIV status. Clients and healthcare workers had to negotiate problems with CCMDD implementation, including some pharmacies reaching capacity or only allowing ART collection at restricted times.ConclusionsIn South Africa, CCMDD overcame material barriers to attending clinics, changed the meanings associated with collecting ART and was less disruptive to other social practices in clients’ lives. Expansion of community-based ART delivery programmes may help to facilitate engagement in HIV care.Trial registration numberSTREAM study clinical trial registration: NCT03066128, registered February 2017.
Men living through multiple miscarriages: protocol for a qualitative exploration of experiences and support requirements
Authors: Williams Helen Marie , Jones Laura L , Coomarasamy Arri , Topping Annie E 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionUp to 1 in 4 pregnancies and 1 in 20 subsequent pregnancies end in miscarriage. Despite such prevalence the psychosocial effects are often unrecognised and unsupported. In the absence of any biomedical sequelae among men such marginalisation may be intensified. Men living through multiple miscarriages may also find any grief or anxiety intensified by loss of hope for future parenthood, but robust qualitative studies of these experiences are limited. We aim to rectify the deficiency.Methods and analysisOur qualitative study will adopt the sounds of silence framework designed by Serrant-Green to hear the voices of populations possibly marginalised. We will listen and learn from 30 to 50 men with a history of two or more miscarriages. The research participants will be recruited from a recurrent miscarriage clinic at a large tertiary hospital in England, and from advertisements to be disseminated by the project sponsor and miscarriage charities.Individual telephone interviews supported by a semistructured discussion guide will be audio-recorded, transcribed and anonymised. The transcriptions and any field notes will be interpreted by the framework method of Ritchie and Lewis embedded within the sounds of silence framework. Tentative findings will be presented to research participants in face-to-face focus group discussion, to enable member synthesis to enhance authenticity. The focus group discussion will be audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and similarly interpreted to contribute to our final synthesis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol of this project received a favourable opinion from the West Midlands South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (16/WM/0423). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences, and disseminated via newsletters and social media of our clinical collaborators and miscarriage charities. Outputs are anticipated to inform future policy and practice in the management of multiple miscarriages.Trial registration numberISRCTN 21828561.
Avelumab in patients with previously treated metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: long-term data and biomarker analyses from the single-arm phase 2 JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial
Authors: D'Angelo Sandra P , Bhatia Shailender , Brohl Andrew S , Hamid Omid , Mehnert Janice M , Terheyden Patrick , Shih Kent C , Brownell Isaac , Lebbé Celeste , Lewis Karl D , Linette Gerald P , Milella Michele , Georges Sara , Shah Parantu , Ellers-Lenz Barbara , Bajars Marcis , Güzel Gülseren , Nghiem Paul T 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer associated with a high risk of metastasis. In 2017, avelumab (anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) became the first approved treatment for patients with metastatic MCC (mMCC), based on the occurrence of durable responses in a subset of patients. Here, we report long-term efficacy and safety data and exploratory biomarker analyses in patients with mMCC treated with avelumab.MethodsIn a cohort of this single-arm, phase 2 trial (JAVELIN Merkel 200), patients with mMCC and disease progression after prior chemotherapy received avelumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) by independent review per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. Other assessments included duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival (OS), safety and biomarker analyses.ResultsAs of 14 September 2018, 88 patients had been followed up for a median of 40.8 months (range 36.4–49.7 months). The ORR was 33.0% (95% CI 23.3% to 43.8%), including a complete response in 11.4% (10 patients), and the median duration of response was 40.5 months (95% CI 18.0 months to not estimable). As of 2 May 2019 (≥44 months of follow-up), the median OS was 12.6 months (95% CI 7.5 to 17.1 months) and the 42-month OS rate was 31% (95% CI 22% to 41%). Of long-term survivors (OS >36 months) evaluable for PD-L1 expression status (n=22), 81.8% had PD-L1+ tumors. In exploratory biomarker analyses, high tumor mutational burden (≥2 non-synonymous somatic variants per megabase) and high major histocompatibility complex class I expression (30% of tumors with highest expression) were associated with trends for improved ORR and OS. In long-term safety assessments (≥36 months of follow-up), no new or unexpected adverse events were reported, and no treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionsAvelumab showed continued durable responses and meaningful long-term survival outcomes in patients with mMCC, reinforcing avelumab as a standard-of-care treatment option for this disease.Trial registration numberNCT02155647
Construction of a Preconditioner for General Elliptic Problems Using Riesz Map
Authors: El Hanine Raghia , Raghay Said , Sadok Hassane 
Published: May 2020

The current work aspires to design and study the construction of an efficient preconditioner for linear symmetric systems in a Hilbert space setting. Compliantly to Josef Málek and Zdeněk Strakoš’s work [Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving[Formula: see text] PDEs, Vol. 1 (SIAM, USA).], we shed new light on the dependence of algebraic preconditioners with the resolution steps of partial differential equations (PDEs) and describe their impact on the final numerical solution. The numerical strength and efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a two-dimensional examples.
Comparative Significance of Invasive Measures of Microvascular Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maznyczka Annette M. , Oldroyd Keith G. , Greenwood John P. , McCartney Peter J. , Cotton James , Lindsay Mitchell , McEntegart Margaret , Rocchiccioli J. Paul , Good Richard , Robertson Keith , Eteiba Hany , Watkins Stuart , Shaukat Aadil , Petrie Colin J. , Murphy Aengus , Petrie Mark C. , Berry Colin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The resistive reserve ratio (RRR) expresses the ratio between basal and hyperemic microvascular resistance. RRR measures the vasodilatory capacity of the microcirculation. We compared RRR, index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) for predicting microvascular obstruction (MVO), myocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and clinical outcomes, after ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:
In the T-TIME trial (Trial of Low-Dose Adjunctive Alteplase During Primary PCI), 440 patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction from 11 UK hospitals were prospectively enrolled. In a subset of 144 patients, IMR, CFR, and RRR were measured post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention. MVO extent (% left ventricular mass) was determined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2 to 7 days. Infarct size was determined at 3 months. One-year major adverse cardiac events, heart failure hospitalizations, and all-cause death/heart failure hospitalizations were assessed.

Results:

In these 144 patients (mean age, 59±11 years, 80% male), median IMR was 29.5 (interquartile range: 17.0–55.0), CFR was 1.4 (1.1–2.0), and RRR was 1.7 (1.3–2.3). MVO occurred in 41% of patients. IMR>40 was multivariably associated with more MVO (coefficient, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.05–1.02];
P
=0.031), myocardial hemorrhage presence (odds ratio [OR], 3.20 [95% CI, 1.25–8.24];
P
=0.016), and infarct size (coefficient, 5.05 [95% CI, 0.84–9.26];
P
=0.019), independently of CFR≤2.0, RRR≤1.7, myocardial perfusion grade≤1, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count. RRR was multivariably associated with MVO extent (coefficient, −0.60 [95% CI, −0.97 to −0.23];
P
=0.002), myocardial hemorrhage presence (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15–0.75];
P
=0.008), and infarct size (coefficient, −3.41 [95% CI, −6.76 to −0.06];
P
=0.046). IMR>40 was associated with heart failure hospitalization (OR, 5.34 [95% CI, 1.80–15.81]
P
=0.002), major adverse cardiac events (OR, 4.46 [95% CI, 1.70–11.70]
P
=0.002), and all-cause death/ heart failure hospitalization (OR, 4.08 [95% CI, 1.55–10.79]
P
=0.005). RRR was associated with heart failure hospitalization (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.19–0.99]
P
=0.047). CFR was not associated with infarct characteristics or clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:
In acute ST-segment–elevationl infarction, IMR and RRR, but not CFR, were associated with MVO, myocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and clinical outcomes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02257294.
The Relationship between Locus of Control and Conformity
Authors: Maadal Ameer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study was performed in an attempt to investigate the following three hypotheses: 1) There is a significant relationship between locus of control and conformity. 2) Women conform more in comparison to men. 3) Men have a more internal locus of control compared to women. For this purpose, 365 university students were selected randomly as the sample group, and a questionnaire regarding locus of control and conformity was presented to them. The results showed that there does not exist a significant relationship between them. Moreover, the results indicated that in different social positions, men conform significantly (.002) more than women. The only hypothesis in this study that was approved was the third one, such that in the scale of locus of control, men had a more significant (.003) internal locus of control compared to women. Finally, the limitations faced by this research and suggestions for future studies have been discussed.
The correspondence between environmental similarity and geographical sympatry in Uromastyx species
Authors: Kechnebbou Marwa , Lobo Jorge M. , Chammem Mohsen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Estimating the realized and potential distribution of species has become a very active field of research with capacity to propose likely speciation mechanisms. Here, environmental variables and point locality data derived from several sources were used to examine the concordance between geographical distributions and environmental niches derived from occurrences for eleven species of the genus Uromastyx (Reptilia, Agamidae). Our results indicate that the degree of geographical overlap is definitively and statistically lower than the degree of environmental similarity. This reinforces the hypothesis that speciation process within the genus Uromastyx will be mainly based on geographical isolation. However, the environmental divergence among some groups of species cannot be excluded; high environmental distances can be obtained for some related species and the environmental gradient represented by two unique climatic variables allows discriminating some species among which an ecological or environmental segregation would be a plausible explanation.
Mass of Bodies, Body as a Mass: The Other of the Other in Jean-Luc Nancy
Authors: Jakešová Markéta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to explore and expand Jean-Luc Nancy’s notion of the body as a mass as he drafted it in his “On the Soul” lecture. He conceptualizes the soul as the (however minimal) reflection of the fact that we have (or we are) a body, thus the conception of the body as a mass may offer possibilities to think the body outside or prior to this reflection. In the article, I expand on three types of bodies. The first of these possibilities is an abstracted body Nancy ascribed to St. Augustine, a body which has been criticized by feminist scholars like Judith Butler. The second one is a hypothetical pre-body proposed by the object-oriented philosopher Graham Harman that may have existed before the actual body emerges. The last one is the disintegrated rotting body in two different contexts: European baroque imagery and asubha kammaṭṭhāna, a Thai meditational practice. All three types of bodies-as-a-mass are legitimate conceptualizations of what Nancy indicates. However, the mass quality is the very nonconceptuality, which is therefore the ultimate outcome that I had to reach.