bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical laminar resting‐state signal fluctuations scale with the hypercapnic blood oxygenation level‐dependent response
Authors: Guidi Maria , Huber Laurentius , Lampe Leonie , Merola Alberto , Ihle Kristin , Möller Harald E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging can remove unwanted sources of signal variability in the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response. This is achieved by scaling, using information from a perfusion‐sensitive scan during a purely vascular challenge, typically induced by a gas manipulation or a breath‐hold task. In this work, we seek for a validation of the use of the resting‐state fluctuation amplitude (RSFA) as a scaling factor to remove vascular contributions from the BOLD response. Given the peculiarity of depth‐dependent vascularization in gray matter, BOLD and vascular space occupancy (VASO) data were acquired at submillimeter resolution and averaged across cortical laminae. RSFA from the primary motor cortex was, thus, compared to the amplitude of hypercapnia‐induced signal changes (tSDhc) and with the
M factor of the Davis model on a laminar level. High linear correlations were observed for RSFA and tSDhc (
R2 = 0.92 ± 0.06) and somewhat reduced for RSFA and
M (
R2 = 0.62 ± 0.19). Laminar profiles of RSFA‐normalized BOLD signal changes yielded good agreement with corresponding VASO profiles. Overall, this suggests that RSFA contains strong vascular components and is also modulated by baseline quantities contained in the
M factor. We conclude that RSFA may replace the scaling factor tSDhc for normalizing the laminar BOLD response.
Mixed causal–noncausal autoregressions with exogenous regressors
Authors: Hecq Alain , Issler Joao Victor , Telg Sean 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMixed causal–noncausal autoregressive (MAR) models have been proposed to model time series exhibiting nonlinear dynamics. Possible exogenous regressors are typically substituted into the error term to maintain the MAR structure of the dependent variable. We introduce a representation including these covariates called MARX to study their direct impact. The asymptotic distribution of the MARX parameters is derived for a class of non‐Gaussian densities. For a Student
likelihood, closed‐form standard errors are provided. By simulations, we evaluate the MARX model selection procedure using information criteria. We examine the influence of the exchange rate and industrial production index on commodity prices.
DeconvTest: Simulation framework for quantifying errors and selecting optimal parameters of image deconvolution
Authors: Medyukhina Anna , Figge Marc Thilo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeconvolution is an essential step of image processing that aims to compensate for the image blur caused by the microscope's point spread function. With many existing deconvolution methods, it is challenging to choose the method and its parameters most appropriate for particular image data at hand. To facilitate this task, we developed DeconvTest: an open‐source Python‐based framework for generating synthetic microscopy images, deconvolving them with different algorithms, and quantifying reconstruction errors. In contrast to existing software, DeconvTest combines all components required to analyze deconvolution performance in a systematic, high‐throughput and quantitative manner. We demonstrate the power of the framework by using it to identify the optimal deconvolution settings for synthetic and real image data. Based on this, we provide a guideline for (a) choosing optimal values of deconvolution parameters for image data at hand and (b) optimizing imaging conditions for best results in combination with subsequent image deconvolution.
Determination of causes of death via spectrochemical analysis of forensic autopsies‐based pulmonary edema fluid samples with deep learning algorithm
Authors: Lin Hancheng , Luo Yiwen , Sun Qiran , Deng Kaifei , Chen Yijiu , Wang Zhenyuan , Huang Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether infrared spectroscopy combined with a deep learning algorithm could be a useful tool for determining causes of death by analyzing pulmonary edema fluid from forensic autopsies. A newly designed convolutional neural network‐based deep learning framework, named DeepIR and eight popular machine learning algorithms, were used to construct classifiers. The prediction performances of these classifiers demonstrated that DeepIR outperformed the machine learning algorithms in establishing classifiers to determine the causes of death. Moreover, DeepIR was generally less dependent on preprocessing procedures than were the machine learning algorithms; it provided the validation accuracy with a narrow range from 0.9661 to 0.9856 and the test accuracy ranging from 0.8774 to 0.9167 on the raw pulmonary edema fluid spectral dataset and the nine preprocessing protocol‐based datasets in our study. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the deep learning‐equipped Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique has the potential to be an effective aid for determining causes of death.
Sludge‐based mesoporous activated carbon: the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on material preparation and adsorption of bisphenol A
Authors: Xin Wang , Li Xing , Song Yonghui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe excess sludge produced by sewage treatment plants contains a large number of pollutants, which is of huge environmental risk. Transforming this kind of solid waste into adsorption materials is an effective approach to realize the resource utilization of sludge. Combined with hydrothermal pretreatment and chemical activation, the synthesis of sludge‐based mesoporous carbon is used to remove bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater.ResultsA resource recycling measure to prepare mesoporous activated carbons (MACs) from sewage sludge was developed via the combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and chemical activation using sewage sludge and sulfuric acid as carbon precursor and activating agent, respectively. The combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and chemical activation not only can make efficient use of the activating agents but also facilitate the deep pyrolysis of the sludge. The resultant MAC obtained using the hydrothermal pretreatment possessed a larger total surface area, less crystalline phase and a narrower pore size distribution compared to other samples. Meanwhile, the MAC obtained from hydrothermal pretreatment presented the highest amount of adsorption of BPA and achieved a better capture than the reference commercial activated carbons. In addition, a possible adsorption mechanism has been proposed to further analyze the enhanced adsorption performance.ConclusionsThe yield and mesoporous content of the obtained MAC is 59.19% and 31.51%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for BPA is 137.87 mg g−1. Microporosity, hydrogen bonding and π–π effect introduced by the hydrothermal pretreatment play an important role in BPA adsorption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Using a Brush Copolymer as Efficient Dispersant for the Preparation of Highly Stabilized Ag Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Chao Tsung‐Ming , Chang Shinn‐Jen , Chang Cha‐Wen , Li Chia‐Chen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSilver (Ag) nanoparticle has extremely high surface energy and it is difficult to find an efficient dispersant to prevent its agglomeration in suspensions. A new brush copolymer, succinic anhydride modified epoxy‐amine poly[(propylene oxide)‐co‐(ethylene oxide)]‐grafted polymer (EPOA), which can efficiently disperse concentrated aqueous suspensions of Ag nanoparticles is revealed. The dispersion efficiency of EPOA for the dispersion of a 60 nm‐Ag nanoparticles in aqueous suspension is studied by measuring its sedimentation and rheological behavior, and the results are compared with those of a commercially available dispersant, ammonium poly(acrylic acid) (PAA‐NH4). Interactions between the dispersants and the Ag nanoparticles are characterized by zeta potential and adsorption analyses. Theoretical calculations are conducted to clarify the adsorption and the dominant dispersion stabilization mechanisms of the dispersants. Compared with PAA‐NH4, EPOA obtains a higher stable suspension of Ag nanoparticles with less significant sedimentation over 1 month. The dispersion homogeneity of the suspension remains excellent even at an extremely high solid loading of 30–40 wt%. According to adsorption analysis, it is suggested that both EPOA and PAA‐NH4 adsorb via single‐point attachment through the carboxyl group on the Ag surface. Based on theoretical calculations, the Ag nanoparticles are better stabilized by EPOA via an electrosteric dispersion mechanism.
Validation process of Toronto Exremity Salvage Score in Italian: A quality of life measure for patients with extremity bone and soft tissue tumors
Authors: Rossi Laura , Boffano Michele , Comandone Alessandro , Ferro Andrea , Grignani Giovanni , Linari Alessandra , Pellegrino Pietro , Piana Raimondo , Ratto Nicola , Davis Aileen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimb salvage surgery remains the standard treatment in bone and soft tissue tumors. Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) is the most used quality of life measure. Our objective was to perform cross‐cultural adaptation and validation in Italian, testing test‐retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness.MethodsWe interviewed patients already treated for content validity. A total of 124 patients completed TESS and other questionnaires presurgery, at 3 months, 3 months + 2 weeks, and 6 months follow‐up. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for reliability, associations with Pearson's r, and change over time with paired T tests.ResultsA new item regarding touch‐screen devices was added to the upper extremity (UE) questionnaire. ICC resulted of 0.99 for lower extremity (LE) and 0.98 for UE patients, Pearson's r between TESS and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society was .66 and .64, EuroQol‐5D‐5L r was .62 and .61, and r between TESS and short form‐36 physical function subscale was .76 and .71 for LE and UE groups, respectively. Paired T test results were statistically significant to detect change over time (0.03, 0.04, and 0.04 for LE groups and 0.03, 0.01, and 0.04 for UE groups).ConclusionThe Italian version of TESS can be used for the bone and soft tissue sarcoma population in clinical trials in Italy and with Italian speaking patients abroad to ensure patients’ perspectives for efficacy and efficiency of treatments.
Application of targeted observation in a model's physical parameters for the simulation and forecast of heat flux with a land surface model
Authors: Sun Guodong , Peng Fei , Mu Mu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe targeted observation is that the additional observation is implemented in important regions to improve a numerical forecast of a weather or climate event. These additional observations are aimed to reduce the uncertainties of the initial state with the data‐assimilation system. In the study, the targeted observation strategy is attempted in the uncertainties of the model's physical parameters to improve the numerical simulation and forecast skills of surface turbulent fluxes (sensible heat flux—SH and latent heat flux—LH). First, an approach for determining important parameter combinations based on conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to parameters (CNOP‐P) is employed to choose sensitive parameter combinations for the SH and LH. The characteristic of the new approach is to judge the sensitivity of the parameter combination and consider the nonlinear effect of the combination. The sensitivity of the parameter combination using the new approach is compared with that using the traditional one‐at‐a‐time (OAT) approach. The latter method ranks parameters one by one according to the sensitivity of each parameter and it fails to judge the sensitivity of the parameter combination. Within the Common Land Surface Model (CoLM), numerical results show differences between the sensitivity of the parameter combinations using the new approach and the top‐ranked sensitive parameter using the OAT approach in dry and wet regions of China for the SH and LH. Second, the benefits of forecast skills of the SH and LH are evaluated by reducing the parameter error within the sensitive parameter combination. It is found that the prediction skills of the SH and LH are improved in China. For example, elevated extents of the SH (84.3%) and LH (78.3%) calculated from the sensitive parameter combination using the new approach are greater than those of the SH (57.2%) and LH (48.5%) using the OAT approach in semi‐arid regions. This result suggests that it is practicable to apply the targeted observation to reduce the model physical parameters to improve the simulation skill. The new approach for determining parameter combinations based on the CNOP‐P is a promising method with which to explore the problems of the targeted observation to the model physical parameters.
Numerical modeling of plastic deformation and failure around a wellbore in compaction and dilation modes
Authors: Garavand Aboozar , Stefanov Yuri Pavlovich , Rebetsky Yuri Leonidovich , Bakeev Rustam Alfredovich , Myasnikov Artem Veniaminovich 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn many wellbore stability analyses, the ability to forecast both the occurrence and extent of plastic deformation and failure hinges upon a fundamental understanding of deformation mode and failure mechanism in the reservoir rock. This study focuses on analyzing plastic zones, localized deformations, and failures around a borehole drilled overbalanced or underbalanced through a highly porous rock formation. Based on several laboratory experiments, porous rocks are prone to deform under both shear‐induced dilation and shear‐enhanced compaction mechanisms depending on the stress state. The shapes of the deformation and failure patterns around the borehole are shown, depending on the initial stress state and the local stress paths. The inquiry of the local stress paths in the near‐wellbore zone facilitates the understanding of the reasons for different types of failure mechanisms, including the mixed‐mode and the plastic deformation structures. The modification of the 2D plane strain condition by imitating third stress in the numerical scheme helps us bring the stress paths closer to the real state of loading conditions. Our modeling reveals that the transition from isotropic to anisotropic stress state is accompanied by an increase in the deviatoric part of effective shear tensor that leads to the development of inelastic deformation, degradation, and subsequent rock failure. Particular interest is devoted to the modeling of strain localization especially in compaction mode around a wellbore and computing the amount of stress concentration at the tips of dog‐eared breakouts. Stress concentration can result in a change in irreversible deformation mode from dilatancy to compaction, elucidating the formation of the shear‐enhanced compaction phenomenon at the failure tips in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress.
Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Masich Anne M. , Kalaria Shamir N. , Gonzales Jeffrey P. , Heil Emily L. , Tata Asha L. , Claeys Kimberly C. , Patel Devang , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: January 2020

Study ObjectivesObese patients with sepsis or septic shock may have altered vancomycin pharmacokinetics compared with the general population that may result in improper dosing or inadequate drug concentrations. The objective of this study was to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetics in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock, and to develop a novel pharmacokinetic dosing model based on pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic target requirements.DesignProspective observational pharmacokinetic study.SettingLarge quaternary academic medical center.PatientsSixteen obese (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2 or higher) adults with sepsis and either a gram‐positive bacteremia or requiring vasopressor support (septic shock), who were receiving vancomycin between November 2016 and June 2018, were included. Patients were excluded if they were receiving renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, treatment for central nervous system infections, pregnant, or receiving vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis.InterventionFour blood samples per patient were collected following a single dose of vancomycin: one peak serum vancomycin level (within 1–2 hrs of infusion completion), two random levels during the dosing interval, and one trough level (within 30–60 min of the next dose) were measured.Measurements and Main ResultsA population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe vancomycin concentrations over time. Simulations to determine optimal dosing were performed using the pharmacokinetic model with different ranges of creatinine clearance (Clcr) and different vancomycin daily doses. Median age of the patients was 62 years; median BMI was 36.1 kg/m2, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 26, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 11. Eleven patients (69%) had an acute kidney injury. Median initial vancomycin dose was 15 mg/kg; median vancomycin trough concentration was 17 mg/L. A one‐compartment model best characterized the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock. Volume of distribution was slightly increased in this population (0.8 L/kg) compared with the general population (0.7 L/kg). Only Clcr effect on drug clearance was found to be significant (decrease in the objective function value by 16.4 points), confirming that it is a strong predictor of vancomycin clearance.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study provides the first population‐based pharmacokinetic model in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock. The nomograms generated from this pharmacokinetic model provide a simplified approach to vancomycin dosing in this patient population.
Interfacial stability of compatibilizers dictated by the thermodynamic interactions in an immiscible system and the effects of micelles on the crystallization of PLLA
Authors: Dong Wenyong , He Meifeng , Ren Fanglu , Li Yongjin , Hanada Takeshi , Lee Sungdoke , Hakukawa Hideki , Yamahira Naohiro , Horiuchi Shin 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPoly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is blended with three acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) materials and compatibilized by a kind of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐type reactive comb (RC) polymer (RC). The compatibilization efficiency is found to be dictated by the thermodynamic interactions between PMMA‐type compatibilizers and ABS materials. For one type of ABS, which is composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), acrylonitrile (AN), and butadiene (BD), the MMA component of ABS is able to strengthen the interaction between the PMMA‐type compatibilizers and the ABS phase and thus the obtained compatibilized PLLA/ABS blends display a fine cocontinuous morphology and excellent mechanical properties. For the other two ABS materials, which are constituted by St, AN, and BD, it has been found that the PMMA‐type compatibilizers are pulled out from the interface to form micelles in the PLLA phase, on account of the weakening interactions between ABS and PMMA‐type compatibilizers. The thus formed micelles can interact with the crystallization of PLLA and the melting temperature (Tm) of PLLA is split into a lower and a higher peak firstly, compared to the Tm of neat PLLA, then significantly decrease to lower temperature, with increasing the amount of micelles in the PLLA phase. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 372–382
Finite‐time stabilization for a class of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients
Authors: Shao Yu , Xu Shengyuan , Li Yongmin , Zhang Zhengqiang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of finite‐time stabilization for a class of low‐order stochastic upper‐triangular nonlinear systems corrupted by unknown control coefficients. Unlike the relevant schemes, the control strategy draws into a dominate gain to cope with the deteriorative effects of both uncertain nonlinearities and unknown control coefficients without using traditional adaptive compensation method. Then, a state feedback controller is constructed by the adding a power integrator method and modified homogeneous domination approach, to ensure the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control strategy has been demonstrated by a simulation example.
Directional Catalytic Hydroconversion of Oxybis (methylene)dibenzene and an Extract from Piliqing Subbituminous Coal over a Magnetic Difunctional Solid Superbase
Authors: Xu Mei‐Ling , Wei Xian‐Yong , Liu Guang‐Hui , Li Feng‐Hai , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Liu Fang‐Jing , Li Sheng , Zong Zhi‐Min , Fan Xing , Cao Jing‐Pei , Zhao Wei , Ma Feng‐Yun , Liu Jing‐Mei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn active and novel magnetic difunctional solid superbase catalyst Ni‐Mg2Si/attapulgite powder (AP) was prepared by thermally decomposing nickel tetracarbonyl onto the as‐synthesized Mg2Si/AP followed by impregnating Mg2Si onto AP in CCl4 and characterized by multiple analyses. It was also successfully used in the catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) of coal‐related model compound oxybis (methylene) dibenzene (OBMDB) and an extract (E) from Piliqing subbituminous coal (PSBC) in n‐hexane. As a result, OBMDB was completely converted to methylcyclohexane by the CHC under 3 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure at 240 °C for 2 h. Ni‐Mg2Si/AP can activate H2 to biatomic active hydrogen (H…H) and split H2 to immobile H+ attached on the Ni‐Mg2Si/AP surface and relatively mobile H−. Then the bridged linkage (BL) in OBMDB can be cleaved by H− attack on a α‐carbon atom in OBMDB, producing toluene and benzyloxy anion, which abstracts H+ from the Ni‐Mg2Si/AP surface to afford phenylmethanol (PM). The α‐carbon in PM is attacked by H‐ to generate toluene and HO−. H…H transfers to benzene ring in toluene yields methylcyclohexane. The soluble portion (SP) from the CHC (SPE‐CHC) and non‐CHC (NCHC) (SPE‐NCHC) of E were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Non‐substituted cycloalkanes (NSCAs) are predominant in the SPE‐CHC, accounting for 66.9 % of the total group components, and interestingly 65.3 % of NSCAs is cyclohexane, while non‐substituted arenes are the most abundant in the SPE‐NCHC. The results indicate that the CHC is beneficial to the fracture of COCBB and hydrogenation of ARs to produce more NSCAs.
Daily stressors facilitate giving and receiving of emotional support in adulthood
Authors: Joo Susanna , Chai Hye Won , Jun Hey Jung , Almeida David M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to examine whether daily stressors are associated with engagement in emotional support and whether these associations differ by gender. Analyses were conducted using Wave 2 of Midlife in the United States data and its subproject National Study of Daily Experiences. The sample consisted of adults aged 33 to 84 (N = 1,622). Using multinomial multilevel analysis, we looked at the associations between lagged and concurrent daily stressors with engagement in emotional support. For concurrent associations, people who experienced stressors were more likely to both give and receive, solely give, and solely receive emotional support compared with those who did not have any stressors. Women were more likely to engage in both giving and receiving of emotional support compared with men when they experienced stressors during the same day. In terms of the lagged associations, both men and women who experienced stressors during the previous day were more likely to both give and receive emotional support the next day compared with those who did not experience any stressors during the previous day. These results suggest that experiencing daily stressors facilitates giving and receiving of emotional support at daily level in adulthood.