bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-year postoperative mortality rate among the elderly with hip fractures at a single tertiary care center
Authors: Alsheikh Khalid A. , Alsebayel Firas M. , Alsudairy Faisal Abdulmohsen , Alzahrani Abdullah , Alshehri Ali , Alhusain Faisal Ahmed , Alsaeed Abdullah , Almubarak Abdulaziz , Alhandi Ali A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Hip fractures are one of the leading causes of disability and dependency among the elderly. The rate of hip fractures has been progressively increasing due to the continuing increase in average life expectancy. Surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment, but with an increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions and decreased functional capacity in elderly patients, more patients are prone to postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVES:
Assess the value of surgical intervention for hip fractures among the elderly by quantifying the 1-year mortality rate and assessing factors associated with mortality.

DESIGN:
Medical record review.

SETTING:
Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All patients 60 years of age or older who sustained a hip fracture between the period of 2008 to 2018 in a single tertiary healthcare center. Data was obtained from case files, using both electronic and paper files.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The 1-year mortality rate for hip fracture, postoperative complications and factors associated with mortality.

SAMPLE SIZE:
802 patients.

RESULTS:

The majority of patients underwent surgical intervention (93%). Intra- and postoperative complications were 3% and 16%, respectively. Four percent of the sample died within 30 days, and 11% died within one year. In a multivariate analysis, an increased risk of 1-year mortality was associated with neck of femur fractures and postoperative complications (
P
=.034, <.001, respectively)

CONCLUSION:
The 1-year mortality risk in our study reinforces the importance of aggressive surgical intervention for hip fractures.

LIMITATION:
Single-centered study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Anatomical consideration for optimal position of orthodontic miniscrews in the maxilla: a CBCT appraisal
Authors: Al Amri Maha S. , Sabban Hanadi M. , Alsaggaf Doaa H. , Alsulaimani Fahad F. , Al-Turki Ghassan A. , Al-Zahrani Mohammad S. , Zawawi Khalid H. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND:Orthodontic miniscrews are commonly used as temporary anchorage devices. Bone thickness and bone depth are important factors when placing miniscrews. There are no studies to assess the maxillary bone thickness for optimum miniscrew placement in a Saudi population.OBJECTIVE:Assess the proximity of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity in areas where miniscrews are usually inserted using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).DESIGN:Retrospective, cross-sectional.SETTING:Department of maxillofacial radiology in a Saudi dental school.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Using CBCT images, we measured the distance between the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity to the palatal bone, buccal intra-radicular and infrazygomatic crest areas. Mean values (SD) were compared at various locations, including by gender, and correlation with age was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Mean bone thickness at commonly used sites for orthodontic miniscrew placements in the maxilla. Secondary outcome was the insertion angle in the infrazygomatic crest area.SAMPLE SIZE:CBCT images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females).RESULTS:The mean (standard deviation) age for the sample was 25.4 (6.5) years with no significant difference between males and females. In the palate, the distance to the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus was greater anteriorly and decreased significantly posteriorly (P<.001). Buccally, the interdental bone depth was significantly greater between the second premolar and first molar (11.96 mm) compared to between the central and lateral incisors (7.53 mm,P<.001). The mean bone thickness of the infrazygomatic crest area at a 45° insertion angle was 4.94 mm compared to 3.90 at a 70° insertion angle (P<.001). No correlation was found between age and bone thickness.CONCLUSION:The distance to the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus was greater in the anterior than posterior areas. There is minimal risk of injuring the maxillary sinus or nasal cavity using the buccal approach. Caution is needed when placing miniscrews in the infrazygomatic crest area.LIMITATIONS:Cross-sectional study from one center; hence, findings cannot be generalized to other populations.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.
SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM FLUORIDE BY DRY METHOD FROM CALCIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM FLUORIDE
Authors: Ostrovsky Sergey V. , Starostin Andrey G. , Potapov Igor S. , Tumanov Vyacheslav V. , Kuzminykh Konstantin G. 
Published: August 2020

The proposed scheme for producing CaF2 according to the “dry” method is based on the following stages: hydrolysis of hydrofluoric acid to produce white carbon black and a 12-18% NH4F solution and subsequent production of CaF2 from CaCO3 at a temperature of 200-400 °C in a fluidized bed or drum furnace in a continuous mode, while ammonia from the exhaust gas is sent to the stage of hydrolysis of hydrofluoric acid. In the article the features of synthetic calcium fluoride obtaining by the "dry" method from calcium carbonate and ammonium fluoride are studied. It is shown that the heating of the mixture proceeds with a step-by-step decomposition of ammonium fluoride, and decomposition products interact with calcium carbonate forming a synthetic calcium fluoride. These factors determine the behavior of a solid mixture of calcium carbonate and ammonium fluoride under heating, which allows us to evaluate the kinetic factors of the interaction of reagents and products and of their thermal transformation. Conditions of receiving synthetic calcium fluoride from the waste products of phosphoric acid and synthetic calcium carbonate by “dry” method are determined. The calcium fluoride can be recognized as a basic product in solving the problem of the waste catalyst hydrofluoric acid utilization. In the article, the features of synthetic calcium fluoride obtaining by the “dry” method from calcium carbonate and ammonium fluoride are studied. A synchronous thermal analysis of this mixture was carried out with the analysis of exhaust gases by the IR-Fourier method at samplesheating rates of 1.5 ; 5; 10 °С /min in an air atmosphere. It was shown that heating of this mixture proceeds with stepwise decomposition of ammonium fluoride, the products of which interact with calcium carbonate, form synthetic calcium fluoride. In the first stage, the reactions of calcium carbonate with ammonium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride occur in the kinetic region (Еа = 94.22 kJ/mol), and in the second, the reaction of interaction of CaCO3 and HF (Еа = 30.09 kJ/mol) is limited diffusion of HF to the CaCO3 core in the temperature range of 250-300 °С. These factors determine the behavior a solid mixture of calcium carbonate and ammonium fluoride under heating conditions, which allows us to evaluate the kinetic laws of the process of interaction of reagents and products of their thermal transformation. The conditions for obtaining by “dry” method of synthetic calcium fluoride from waste products of phosphoric acid and synthetic calcium carbonate have been identified, and calcium fluoride can be recognized as the base product in solving the problem of disposal of waste hydrofluoric acid.
Les auteurs dramatiques anglais contemporains à l’épreuve des pratiques collaboratives
Authors: Ruset Séverine 
Published: August 2020

Bien que la figure de l’auteur demeure investie d’une forte autorité dans le théâtre anglais contemporain, qui accorde traditionnellement une place de choix aux nouvelles écritures dramatiques, elle se trouve ébranlée depuis le début du xxie siècle par un accroissement notable des pratiques collaboratives. Fondé sur une analyse des discours des dramaturges sur leur rôle (tel qu’il leur échoit mais aussi tel qu’ils le revendiquent), l’article examine comment ces évolutions influent sur le statut des auteurs au sein du monde du théâtre anglais, ou plus précisément sur le système de reconnaissance et de valorisation dans lequel ils s’inscrivent et dont ils contribuent à refaçonner les contours par leurs prises de position. Il s’intéresse notamment au développement d’une posture collaborative, particulièrement manifeste dans la volonté, exprimée par un nombre croissant d’auteurs, sinon de se démettre de leur autorité, du moins de la partager davantage, non seulement avec leurs collaborateurs artistiques, mais également avec les spectateurs.
La littérarité d’une collection iconobiographique. Les « Albums de la Pléiade » (Gallimard)
Authors: Scibiorska Marcela 
Published: August 2020

Les « Albums de la Pléiade », collection destinée à promouvoir la célèbre « Bibliothèque de la Pléiade » de Gallimard, présentent une série de volumes dédiés à la vie d’écrivains précédemment publiés par la Pléiade qui s’appuient sur une riche iconographie, accompagnée d’un texte biographique. Pourtant, dans de nombreux textes introducteurs des « Albums », leurs auteurs vont à l’encontre de l’attente lectoriale et réfutent explicitement l’appartenance de leurs ouvrages au genre biographique. Cet article examine les raisons d’un tel rejet de la biographie au sein de la collection, en tenant compte de la position de la biographie en tant que genre largement marginalisé au sein du champ littéraire, ainsi que de son rapport à l’iconographie, revendiquée comme élément central de la composition générique des « Albums de la Pléiade ».
Understanding of Selector‐Less 1S1R Type Cu‐Based CBRAM Devices by Controlling Sub‐Quantum Filament
Authors: Banerjee Writam , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates a systematic approach to design a sub‐quantum selector‐less conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) which can work as one‐selector‐one‐resistor device in Cu/Ti/HfO2/TiO2/TiN material stack, can work nicely from sub‐µA to sub‐nA range. Optimized high thermal forming scheme is investigated to control the anatomy of filament formation at sub‐nA current level. The thickness of HfO2 layer plays a crucial role in determining such behavior. Hence, in this study the precise stack engineering is proposed and the selector‐less device design which can show highly stable one‐selector‐one‐resistor type performance at sub‐quantum level is identified. The TiO2‐based selector device is verified experimentally and theoretically. The presence of 1 eV deep level traps by CuO defect sites in HfO2 matrix with calculated nearest neighbor of 0.7 nm along with the presence of TiO2 selector layer, is the origin of highly nonlinear behavior. The devices show ultra‐low leakage current of 300 fA (system limitation) and operated with ultra‐low power of 5 pW, very high resistance ratio of 3 × 103, with high nonlinearity of 3 × 103. This work establishes the possibility to design ultra‐low power nonvolatile sub‐quantum CBRAM device which can fulfill the needs of internet of things applications after optimization.
Sex pheromones and olfactory proteins in Antheraea moths: A. pernyi and A. polyphemus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Xiaoqi , Zhang Long 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOlfaction is essential for regulating the physiological and behavioral actions of insects with specific recognition of various odors. Antheraea moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) possess relatively large bodies and antennae so that they are good subjects for exploring molecular aspects of insect olfaction. Current knowledge of the molecular aspects of Antheraea olfaction is focused on the Chinese tussah silkmoth A. pernyi Guérin‐Méneville and another species A. polyphemus (Cramer) in their pheromones, odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs), odorant receptors (ORs), odorant receptor coreceptors (ORCOs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and odorant‐degrading enzymes (ODEs). The first insect OBP, SNMP, and ODE were identified from A. polyphemus. This review summarizes the principal findings associated with the olfactory physiology and its molecular components in the two Antheraea species. Three types of olfactory neurons may have specific ORs for three respective sex‐pheromone components, with the functional sensitivity and specificity mediated by three respective OBPs. SNMPs and ODEs are likely to play important roles in sex‐pheromone detection, inactivation, and degradation. Identification and functional analysis of the olfactory molecules remain to be further performed in A. pernyi, A. polyphemus, and other Antheraea species.
USP47 promotes apoptosis in rat myocardial cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury via NF‐κB activation
Authors: Hu Yu , Ma Zhihui , Chen Zhong , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have associated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation to the progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Multiple members of the ubiquitin‐specific protease (USP) family regulate the NF‐κB signaling pathway. This study attempted to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of USP family members in MI. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood samples of MI and healthy control, and the expression of several USP family members and NF‐κB was examined. After USP47 knockdown or overexpression, cell apoptosis, related protein levels, and NF‐κB promoter activity were measured. We found that USP47 and NF‐κB expression was significantly increased in MI, and USP47 was positively correlated with NF‐κB. In a rat H9c2 myocardial cell ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model, USP47 expression was increased in a time‐dependent manner. USP47 knockdown decreased I/R injury‐induced apoptosis, with increased survivin and cytoplasmic NF‐κB and decreased cleaved caspase‐3 and nuclear NF‐κB. USP47‐induced apoptosis was potently counteracted by the NF‐κB inhibitor, and cytoplasmic NF‐κB was increased and nuclear NF‐κB was decreased. Luciferase reporter showed that USP47 promotes NF‐κB promoter activity. These results suggested that USP47 expression may be correlated with MI progression. USP47 knockdown attenuated myocardial cell I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis.
Simple Analysis of Primary and Secondary Bile Salt Hydrolysis in Mouse and Human Gut Microbiome Samples by Using Fluorogenic Substrates
Authors: Sveistyte Agne , Gibbins Teresa , Tyrrell Kimberly J. , Miller Carson J. , Foley Matt H. , Plymale Andrew E. , Wright Aaron T. , Brandvold Kristoffer R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimals produce bile to act as an antibacterial agent and to maximize the absorption of lipophilic nutrients in the gut. The physical properties of bile are largely dictated by amphipathic bile salt molecules, which also participate in signaling pathways by modulating physiological processes upon binding host receptors. Upon excretion of bile salts from the gall bladder into the intestine, the gut microbiota can create metabolites with modified signaling capabilities. The category and magnitude of bile salt metabolism can have positive or negative effects on the host. A key modification is bile salt hydrolysis, which is a prerequisite for all additional microbial transformations. We have synthesized five different fluorogenic bile salts for simple and continuous reporting of hydrolysis in both murine and human fecal samples. Our data demonstrate that most gut microbiomes have the highest capacity for hydrolysis of host‐produced primary bile salts, but some microbially modified secondary bile salts also display significant turnover.
Measurement and Control of the Gloss of Chocolate
Authors: Schomaker Marion , Schräer Christian , Lörcher Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTaste and melting behavior are important quality criteria for chocolate. Beyond these, the gloss, snap, and texture are relevant. Different process parameters influence the gloss as well as other criteria such as shell life and fat bloom resistance. In this work, a method to measure the gloss of chocolate is introduced and adapted to small chocolate articles. With this, the gloss could be measured reproducibly. Different process parameters are varied and the gloss of the chocolate is determined. Various methods to improve the gloss are suggested and evaluated.
A retrospective analysis of nadir‐neutropenia directed pegylated granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor on febrile neutropenia rates in (neo)adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy regimens
Authors: Zardawi Sarah J. , Nordman Ina , Zdenkowski Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPegfilgrastim, a pegylated granulocyte colony‐stimulating‐factor (GCSF), reduces chemotherapy morbidity and mortality in early stage breast cancer. The optimal approach to individual patient selection for GCSF is unknown, in particular whether secondary GCSF should be given after asymptomatic neutropenia, or only after febrile neutropenia (FN).AimsTo determine if preplanned nadir blood counts and subsequent nadir‐neutropenia directed GCSF was effective to reduce rates of FN associated with (neo)adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. We also aimed to describe (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and GCSF prescribing practices at our institution.MethodsThis was a retrospective electronic medical record review. The rate of FN with secondary GCSF after cycle 1 nadir‐neutropenia <1.0 × 109 cells/L was compared with the rate of FN in patients who did not have cycle 1 nadir blood counts or secondary GCSF, and analyzed according to patient and treatment data.ResultsBetween 11/4/2011 and 22/4/2018, 584 patients received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Over all rates of FN were 17%, compared with 9% in patients who received primary GCSF. Rates of FN were highest in docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab (TCH, 27%) and docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC, 27%). There were 268 patients (46%) who received primary GCSF and 238 patients (41%) who received secondary GCSF. Rates of FN did not differ between patients who received nadir‐neutropenia directed secondary GCSF (6/125, 5%, 95% CI 1.1‐8.6), and those who did not have nadir blood counts or secondary GCSF (0/49, 0%, 95% CI not calculable) (P = .1186). GCSF use was associated with lower rates of non‐FN hospital admissions. Patients ≥65 years were more likely to have FN and non‐FN admissions. Two of three treatment related deaths occurred due to FN.ConclusionsIn this population, nadir‐neutropenia directed secondary GCSF was not associated with reduced rates of FN. Observed rates of FN >20% in TC and TCH in routine clinical practice should guide primary GCSF use in accordance with international guidelines.
Identification, expression analysis, and functional characterization of salt stress‐responsive genes of AP2/ERF transcription factors in sweetpotato
Authors: Meng Xiaoqing , Liu Siyuan , Dong Tingting , Li Zongyun , Ma Daifu , Pan Shenyuan , Zhu Mingku 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) regulate various processes of plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Although they have been extensively documented in many plants, little is known about stress responsive APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) genes in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). In this study, 20 putative AP2/ERF genes, named IbERF1, IbERF2, and IbERF5–IbERF23 were identified based on the salt‐treated RNA‐seq data from two sweetpotato cultivars with different salt tolerance. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence characterization identified that all the screened IbERF proteins contained a conserved AP2 domain, which belonged to dehydration‐responsive element binding proteins (DREB; 7 members) or ERF (13 members) subfamily. The systematic expression analysis of 12 mainly salt‐induced IbERFs by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) revealed that most IbERFs were remarkably increased by multiple abiotic stresses, such as NaCl, dehydration, and cold stress. Furthermore, varying degrees of upregulation were also detected in the expression of most IbERFs when treated with hormone abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. The expression profiles of IbERFs corroborate their involvement in diverse biological processes. In addition, the IbERF5, which was exclusively upregulated by the treatments, was identified as a nuclear protein without transcriptional activation activity. Collectively, the data of stress responsive IbERFs will provide valuable knowledge for further functional studies of IbERFs in sweetpotato stress tolerance.
The environmental drivers of annual variation in forest greenness are variable in the northern Intermountain West, USA
Authors: Lubenow Dayne R. , Reinhardt Keith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeak snowpack in the western USA has decreased 21% since the mid‐20th century, and these trends are forecasted to continue over the next century. In water‐limited systems, forest productivity during the growing season is assumed to be linked with snowpack during the previous winter, but this linkage has proven not to be universal in studies across varying ecosystems. We compared peak Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, a proxy for vegetation productivity) at relatively fine scales (30‐m pixel) to point measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) at 169 locations scattered among the northern Intermountain West for the 25‐yr period between 1993 and 2017. We further compared NDVI to additional environmental variables including topographical variables (elevation, aspect, and slope), and climatic variables (Palmer Drought Severity Index, snowmelt date, and snowmelt length). We hypothesized that peak SWE would be a strong predictor of peak NDVI, but the strength of the SWE–NDVI relationships would vary spatially in our topographically complex study area. We observed weak relationships between snowpack and vegetation productivity, with only 10% of the locations displaying statistically significant correlations between annual peak SWE and peak NDVI. Furthermore, we determined that the response of NDVI to snowpack and environmental variables differed among subregions of our study area. For example, we observed strong SWE–NDVI associations in the continental‐most portion of our study area and weak correlations in other subregions of our study area. Our results highlight that in regions characterized by complex topography, (1) environmental drivers of NDVI are highly variable and (2) fine‐resolution studies more accurately capture the spatial heterogeneity of NDVI compared to course‐resolution studies. However, one consequence of fine‐resolution studies may be that microclimate effects at each site swamp the signal of predictor‐ecological response relationships, whereas these relationships may be more discernable in larger scale remote sensing studies.