bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related longitudinal change in cardiac structure and function in adults at increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: Gong Fei Fei , Coller Jennifer M. , McGrady Michele , Boffa Umberto , Shiel Louise , Liew Danny , Stewart Simon , Owen Alice J. , Krum Henry , Reid Christopher M. , Prior David L. , Campbell Duncan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimHeart failure (HF) incidence increases markedly with age. We examined age‐associated longitudinal change in cardiac structure and function, and their prediction by age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in a community‐based cohort aged ≥60 years at increased CVD risk but without HF.Methods and resultsCVD risk factors were recorded in 3065 participants who underwent a baseline echocardiographic examination, of whom 2358 attended a follow‐up examination 3.8 [median, inter‐quartile range (IQR) 3.5, 4.2] years later. Median age was 71 (IQR 67, 76) years and 55% of participants were male. Age was associated with longitudinal increase in left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI); decrease in LV volumes; increase in LV ejection fraction; decrease in mitral annular systolic velocity; decrease in diastolic function (decreased mitral early diastolic annular velocity (e′); and increase in left atrial volume index, mitral peak early diastolic flow velocity (E)/e′ ratio, and tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRVmax) in men and women, except for TRVmax in men). In multivariable analysis, longitudinal increase in LVMI was explained by CVD risk factors alone, whereas age, together with CVD risk factors, independently predicted longitudinal change in all other echocardiographic parameters. CVD risk factors were differentially associated with longitudinal change in different echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionsWhereas the increase in LVMI with age was explained by CVD risk factors alone, age, together with risk factors, independently predicted longitudinal change in all other echocardiographic parameters, providing evidence for age‐specific mechanisms of change in cardiac structure and function as people age. Age‐associated change in LVMI, LV volumes, and diastolic function resembled what might be expected for the evolution of HF with preserved ejection fraction. Given the differential association of different CVD risk factors with longitudinal change in different echocardiographic parameters, therapies aimed at attenuation of age‐associated change in cardiac structure and function, and HF evolution, will likely need to address multiple CVD risk factors.
The impact of residual mitral regurgitation after MitraClip therapy in functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Reichart Daniel , Kalbacher Daniel , Rübsamen Nicole , Tigges Eike , Thomas Christina , Schirmer Johannes , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Conradi Lenard , Schäfer Ulrich , Lubos Edith 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsMitraClip therapy for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is an increasingly used intervention for high‐risk surgical patients. The aim of this observational study was to assess the impact of residual mitral regurgitation (rMR) at discharge on long‐term outcome after MitraClip therapy in patients with
FMR.Methods and resultsOverall, 458 patients (mean age 73.8 ± 8.9 years) underwent MitraClip implantation between September 2008 and December 2017. The impact of rMR ≤ 1+ at discharge (n = 251) was retrospectively compared to patients graded as rMR 2+ (n = 173) and rMR ≥3+ (n = 34) at discharge. Median follow‐up time was 5.09 years (5.00–5.26) with maximum follow‐up of 10.02 years. The primary outcome was survival, and Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed significant differences among all rMR subgroups with highest survival rates for rMR ≤ 1+ patients. This was further confirmed by composite outcome analyses (P < 0.02). The inferior outcomes of rMR 2+ and rMR ≥ 3+ at discharge were confirmed by increased adjusted hazard ratios when rMR 2+ (1.54, P = 0.0039) and rMR ≥ 3+ (2.16, P = 0.011) were compared to rMR ≤ 1+. Moreover, patients with stable rMR ≤ 1+ grades within 12 months showed significantly higher survival rates compared to patients with rMR ≤ 1+ at discharge and rMR ≥ 2+ at 12‐month follow‐up or rMR ≥ 2+ at discharge and 12‐month follow‐up (P = 0.029).ConclusionsPatients with optimal and durable rMR ≤ 1+ at discharge and 12‐month follow‐up showed better outcome compared to patients with rMR 2+ and rMR ≥ 3+. Treatment success and durability characterized by rMR ≤ 1+ at discharge and 12 months seem to be important factors for long‐term outcomes, which has to be further confirmed by prospective randomized trials.
Thirdhand smoke exposure causes replication stress and impaired transcription in human lung cells
Authors: Sarker Altaf H. , Trego Kelly S. , Zhang Weiguo , Jacob Peyton , Snijders Antoine M. , Mao Jian‐Hua , Schick Suzaynn F. , Cooper Priscilla K. , Hang Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThirdhand cigarette smoke (THS) is a newly described toxin that lingers in the indoor environment long after cigarettes have been extinguished. Emerging results from both cellular and animal model studies suggest that THS is a potential human health hazard. DNA damage derived from THS exposure could have genotoxic consequences that would lead to the development of diseases. However, THS exposure‐induced interference with fundamental DNA transactions such as replication and transcription, and the role of DNA repair in ameliorating such effects, remain unexplored. Here, we found that THS exposure increased the percentage of cells in S‐phase, suggesting impaired S‐phase progression. Key DNA damage response proteins including RPA, ATR, ATM, CHK1, and BRCA1 were activated in lung cells exposed to THS, consistent with replication stress. In addition, THS exposure caused increased 53BP1 foci, indicating DNA double‐strand break induction. Consistent with these results, we observed increased micronuclei formation, a marker of genomic instability, in THS‐exposed cells. Exposure to THS also caused a significant increase in phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II engaged in transcription elongation, suggesting an increase in transcription‐blocking lesions. In agreement with this conclusion, ongoing RNA synthesis was very significantly reduced by THS exposure. Loss of nucleotide excision repair exacerbated the reduction in RNA synthesis, suggesting that bulky DNA adducts formed by THS are blocks to transcription. The adverse impact on both replication and transcription supports genotoxic stress as a result of THS exposure, with important implications for both cancer and other diseases.
Improved analytical modeling and mechanical characterization of gas diffusion layers under compression load
Authors: Xiao Yang , Gao Zhenhai , Gao Fei , Zhang Tianyao , Zhang Wenhua , Li Ziqiao , Ma Xiaoyuan , Qi Jinxuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGas diffusion layers (GDLs) are the most rigid layers in a 5‐layer or 7‐layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Therefore, in the fuel cell analysis, the mechanical properties of GDLs have a great impact on the stress distribution of the membrane as well as the performance of the whole cell. However, the mechanical properties of GDLs are not sufficiently studied. Nonlinear behavior of GDLs under cyclic compression is discussed rarely in literature. The existing model takes both constraints into consideration, but due to a geometrical oversimplification of the carbon paper microstructure, it shows some deviation, which cannot be overcome by selecting appropriate parameters. In this paper, the geometry of carbon paper microstructure has been reanalyzed. Based on the improved geometry formula, a modified model of carbon paper GDL is presented and verified by experimental data. Furthermore, both the experimental mechanical characteristics are achieved as support data for the improved model.
Determination of δ13C of vanillin in complex food matrices by HS‐SPME‐GC‐C‐IRMS
Authors: Wilde Amelie S. , Hansen Anne‐Mette S. , Fromberg Arvid , Lauritz Frandsen Henrik , Smedsgaard Jørn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVanilla is one of the most popular spices in the world and is therefore often added to food products to enhance the taste with its desirable flavour. Vanilla flavour is highly susceptible to economically motivated food fraud since the main component ‘vanillin’ can easily be produced by much cheaper synthetic processes. The determination of the vanillin source is not always an easy task, especially when very low concentrations are incorporated in complex food matrices. Here, we present an easy sample preparation procedure that includes a solid‐phase extraction clean‐up to determine the isotopic carbon ratio of vanillin in food products by headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Isotopic fractionation during the sample preparation procedure was carefully evaluated. The method was applied to 23 commercial food samples including vanilla sugar, dairy and soy products. The study illustrates the potential and limitations of the authentication of vanilla flavour by the isotopic carbon ratio of vanillin. Further, the complexity of the authenticity assessment of vanilla flavours in composite food is demonstrated.
Numerical simulation of hydrothermal behavior in a concentric curved annular tube
Authors: Kareem Mais K. , Abed Waleed M. , Dawood H. K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study performs a numerical investigation of the steady‐state fully developed laminar flow and forced convection heat transfer characteristics in a concentric curved annular tube with two different curvature angles, a 90°‐bend annular tube and a U‐bend annular tube. A wide range of aspect ratios (r* = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) and three curvature ratios (δc = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5) were adopted in this study. The governing equations consisting of continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved by considering the outer wall to be insulated (adiabatic), and a constant temperature is applied at the inner wall by using the finite‐volume method (FVM) to investigate the hydrothermal performance for these two different bend angles.Features of axial velocity contours, temperature patterns, and secondary flow streamlines at different cross‐sectional locations along the angular coordinate of curved annulus are observed with a Dean number range of (De = 32‐632). Additionally, the circumferential friction factor and averaged Nusselt number are obtained along the concentric curved annulus flow direction. The numerical results indicate that the normalized average Nusselt number and Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) increase with increasing De and curvature ratio for both curvature angles of concentric curved annular tube. Moreover, the normalized average Nusselt number, normalized friction factor‐Reynolds number product, and PEC increase with decreasing the aspect ratio because the annular gap between the surfaces of the inner and outer tubes (the boundaries of annulus) increases with decreasing aspect ratio. The hydrothermal performance of the concentric curved annular tube is higher than that of the straight annular tube attributed to the formation of secondary flows (Dean's vortices) in a cross‐sectional direction and the impact of the inner tube wall boundary. The value of PEC for both curvature angles of the curved annular tube at aspect ratio = 0.1 and De = 632 is approximately two‐fold of the straight annular tube under the same conditions while at aspect ratio = 0.75, it increases by nearly 80%.
Nonlinear convective boundary layer flow of micropolar‐couple stress nanofluids past permeable stretching sheet using Cattaneo‐Christov heat and mass flux model
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Gadisa Gosa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to examine the effects of viscous dissipation and unsteadiness parameters on nonlinear convective laminar boundary layer flow of micropolar‐couple stress nanofluid past a permeable stretching sheet with non‐Fourier heat flux model in the presence of suction/injection variable. The unsteadiness in the flow, temperature, and concentration profile is caused by the time‐dependence of the stretching velocity, surface temperature, and surface concentration of the boundary layer flow. Similarity transformation is applied to transform the time‐dependent boundary layer flow equations into the corresponding highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The robust numerical technique called Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the obtained dimensionless governing equations of the flow. The effects of Eckert number, unsteadiness parameter, suction/injection parameter, mixed convection parameter, material parameter, Schmidt number, and couple stress parameter on linear velocity, angular velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin friction coefficient, local wall couple stress, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number is analyzed with the help of graphical and tabular form. Under special conditions, the present result is compared with the existing literature and revealed good agreement. Our result shows that as unsteadiness parameter boost, both heat and mass transfer rate rises. The present study has a significant application in material processing technology.
Quantitative analysis of enclosed ground flare based on PHAST analysis
Authors: Wu Tan , Kong Qingduan , Wei Xinli , Gao Xiaolei , Xiong Xinyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the rapid development of the petrochemical industry, it is overly characterized by complication and integration. The requirements of safety technologies and facilities in the process are increasingly high. As one of the important safety facilities, the flare is indispensable in the petrochemical industry. In recent years, the ground flare has been further applied because of its advantages in low radiation and low pollution. However, as it has been introduced and used in China for a short time, the theoretical basis for its safety application is not strong. In view of this point, after the abnormal leakage, relevant data of the enclosed ground flare are obtained, so as to identify the diffusion and thermal radiation hazards. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis is conducted. The process hazard analysis software is used in the analysis and exploration by taking the enclosed ground flare used in chemical plants as an example. By establishing different accident models, the scopes of influence of fire explosion after the abnormal leakage of the enclosed ground flare are obtained. Data for quantitative analysis are also acquired. It will be an important reference for safely designing and applying the enclosed ground flare and formulating an emergency plan for safety production.
Performance evaluation of Elecsys HIV Duo on cobas e 801 using clinical samples in China
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Ma Qiang , Zhao Bin , Wang Lin , Pu Cunying , Han Xiaoxu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) infection are rapidly increasing, and novel HIV genotypes are emerging. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Elecsys HIV Duo assay in population with the epidemic of multiple genotypes of HIV‐1 infection. Specificity of the Elecsys HIV Duo assay was determined using 3039 serum samples from patients receiving routine HIV‐1 screening tests in China. Sensitivity was assessed with seroconversion panels. Additional 67 positive from newly diagnosed HIV‐1 infected samples were also included to test assay performance on various HIV‐1 genotypes. The assay performance was compared with that of the Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay. The genotypes of all HIV‐1 positive samples were determined with phylogenetic analyses on the 1.1 kb Pro‐RT region of pol gene for drug resistance tests. The Elecsys HIV Duo assay had a slightly higher specificity (99.93% vs 99.84%) and equivalent sensitivity to Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay. Seventy‐two HIV‐1 positive samples, including 12 antigens positive samples, were distinguished by Elecsys HIV Duo. Among them, 43 samples were circulating recombinant form (CRF)01_AE, followed by 13 of CRF07_BC, 10 of subtype B, 4 of URF_0107, 1 of URF_01B and 1 of CRF02_AG. The Elecsys HIV Duo assay showed good performance for the Chinese population with an epidemic of multiple HIV genotypes.
Spatiotemporal variability and trends in global solar radiation over Poland based on satellite‐derived data (1986–2015)
Authors: Kulesza Kinga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncoming solar radiation is the most important factor shaping climate system on Earth and the main element of the surface heat balance. The main aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the amount of global solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface in Poland during the 30‐year period 1986–2015. Trends in changes and fluctuations in the size of global solar radiation over Poland were determined. The solar radiation was described based on satellite products originating from the Surface Incoming Shortwave Radiation product from the Surface Solar Radiation Data Set – Heliosat, Edition 2 (SARAH‐2). The average annual sum of global solar radiation over Poland amounted to 3,902 MJ·m−2. The average annual radiation sums were the smallest in northern Poland and mountain basins, while they were the largest in southern Poland. The average annual radiation sum over Poland increased by 7.16 MJ·m−2·year−1 on average. The areas with the largest increase in the amount of solar radiation had the smallest average radiation sums during the multi‐year period (Pomerania, Northern Poland), and those where the increase in radiation was moderate had the highest average radiation sums (Central and Southern Poland). This shows that the spatial differentiation of the amount of solar radiation over Poland was gradually decreasing during this period. A several‐year cycle (of 12–13 years) of annual fluctuations in global solar radiation sums was observed using wavelet analysis. The cycle was visible between the early 1990s and 2005. It resulted from the medium‐term cyclical component (an 11.3‐year cycle which was the strongest until 2010) that occurred in summer. In the long term, the occurrence of cycles in the time series of solar radiation may result from cyclical or quasi‐cyclical changes in aerosol concentration, but this requires a separate study and further in‐depth research based on much longer data series.
Mapping tourist hot spots in African cities based on Instagram images
Authors: Paül i Agustí Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKnowing in which areas tourists concentrate is fundamental for managing its effects. However, to date, research in this subject has mainly been carried out only in European and North American cities. The current article, in contrast, focuses on six African cities. We have analysed the spatial concentration of the images captured by Instagram users to identify the most visited locations. The results obtained show how there is a strong spatial concentration of images in African cities, little territorial continuity between the spaces visited, and a predominance of private attractions. These are important differences with respect to what has been described in the literature in other contexts.
Primary Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Temporal Bone: A Single‐Center Clinical Study
Authors: Komune Noritaka , Noda Teppei , Kogo Ryunosuke , Miyazaki Masaru , Tsuchihashi Nana A. , Hongo Takahiro , Koike Kensuke , Sato Kuniaki , Uchi Rhutaro , Wakasaki Takahiro , Matsumoto Nozomu , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe extreme rarity of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TB‐SCC) has delayed the accumulation of high‐quality clinical evidence. For the purposes of retrospective meta‐analysis in the future, a large dataset with information from various institutions would be ideal. Our objective here was to retrospectively review cases of TB‐SCC encountered at a single tertiary referral center and explore survival outcomes and prognostic factors.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThe medical records of all TB‐SCC cases were retrospectively reviewed. The resulting dataset contained 71 cases of primary cancer eligible for initial definitive (curative) treatment.ResultsT4 status was associated with lower disease‐specific 5‐year survival than T1 to T3 staging (T1: 100%, T2: 92%, T3: 86%, T4: 51%). Survival was significantly higher in operable than in inoperable cases, even when restricted to advanced (T3/T4) cancers. The tumor extension to the middle ear cavity was observed in 13/17 of T3 cases, but it was not associated with poor survival. In addition, among operable cases, negative surgical margins were associated with significantly higher survival than positive margins.ConclusionsDefinitive treatments can offer disease‐specific 5‐year survival of over 85% in T1 to T3 cases of TB‐SCC. The tumor extension to the middle ear cavity is not associated with poor survival. T4 status, inoperability, nodal invasion, and positive surgical margin are identified as a predictor of poor prognosis. Still, the matter of how to deal with unresectable tumors remains an outstanding issue in the treatment of TB‐SCC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E583–E589, 2021
Metal‐Free and Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for High Transparent Conductive Film and Flexible Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , He Miaomiao , Zhang Xuhua , Lu Tiao , Hao Weizhen , Zhao Yansheng , Liu Yongmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConductive hydrogels show promising applications in wearable electronic devices. However, it is still challenging to increase the conductivity as well as the mechanical performance of the conductive hydrogels. In addition, it is more challenging to fabricate ultrathin conductive films with good mechanical strength and high transparency. In this study, a metal‐free flexible conductive hydrogel for flexible wearable strain sensor with high sensitivity is presented. The conductive hydrogel is prepared by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) templated polymerizing of polypyrrole (PPy) followed by gelating based on the polymerizing and cross‐linking of polyacrylamide (PAAm). The conductive hydrogel is endowed excellent mechanical properties by multiple hydrogen bonds between the interpenetrating network of PVA, PPy, and PAAm. The tensile strength reaches up to 0.2 MPa at 500% and the compression strength reaches up to 1.5 MPa at 90%. It can withstand cyclic loads. The conductivity reaches 0.3 s m−1 and it is sensitive to stretching and compressing. Therefore, strain sensors are prepared based on such hydrogels to make wearable electronic devices, monitoring the subtle and large strains. It is worth noting that the composite material containing PVA has good film‐forming properties. Therefore, ultrathin conductive hydrogel films with high transparency (94.2%), high conductivity (7090 Ω/square) and large‐area are fabricated at low cost.