bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in treatment of HCV infected Egyptian patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis Child Pugh class (B)
Authors: Abbass A M , Ghalwash A , Abdelhamid M S , Hamdy H S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The main goal of anti-HCV therapy in patients with decompensated (Child-Pugh B) cirrhosis not on a transplant waiting list is to achieve improvement in liver function and survival. Several studies have demonstrated acceptably high SVR rates, equivalent in Child-Pugh B patients, in individuals with decompensated cirrhosis, together with an effect of therapeutic viral clearance on liver function, with significant improvements in bilirubin, albumin and international normalized ratio values and, as a result, in MELD and Child-Pugh scores in one-third to half of patients. Similar results were reported in real-world studies. Patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis benefited more from viral clearance in terms of adverse event-free survival at 15 months than those with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis.

Aim of the Work
Assessment of the safety & efficacy of sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir in infected naïve and experienced HCV Egyptian patients with decompensated liver disease.

Patients and Method
This study was conducted on 100 patients with HCV related decompensated liver disease who presented to the hepatology outpatient clinic in El Agouza Police hospital and were evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusion
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is effective and safe in the treatment of HCV decompensated patients Child Pugh B. MELD and Child scores significantly improved with HCV treatment in decompensated patients

Recommendations
Longer follow up with assessment of the need for liver transplantation or HCC development is important. Larger number of patients is required.
Evaluation of β-Catenin in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Elzayat T M , Shaban M I , Radwan A I , Elwardany H Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer occurring in United States, second most prevalent cancer in men and tenth most prevalent cancer in women, with age adjusted incidence rate of 24.5 per 100.000 population and mortality rate of 4.2 per 100.000 population per year Because of its high recurrence rate, the actual prevalence of active bladder cancer is estimated to be about 10 times the number of new cases.

Aim of the Work
This study aims at investigating β-catenin protein expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its possible relation to the clinic-pathological data.

Patients and Methods
The study was carried out on 80 patients; 60 patients with urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (UBC) and 20 patients with non-malignant lesions (control group); between May 2015 and May 2017. The 60 UBC cases were further divided, according to histopathological criteria, into non-muscle invasive UBC (30 patients) and muscle invasive UBC (30 patients).

Results
There was a highly a significant difference between β-catenin expression and tumor grade (P = 0.03) ,lymphnode metastasis (P = 0.005), tumor necrosis (P = 0.001) vascular invasion(P = 0.004), and perineural invasion (P = 0.001) No statistical significant relation was found between β-catenin expression either bilharziasis (P = 0.08) ,muscl invasion (p = 0.54) ,or stage (p = 0.7).

Conclusion
1-β-Catenin has a role in carcinogenises of UB due to absence of nucleocytoplasmic pattern of β-catenin expression in non- neoplastic cases with its expression in a considerable number of invasive malignant cases and dysplastic urothelium adjacent to carcinoma could refer to the oncogenic role of this expression pattern.

Recommendations
Further studies on large number of cases of urothelial carcinoma on a longer period of follow up using more accurate diagnostic tools is recommended to elicit the predictive value of these markers on patients’ survival; also further studies on new therapies that target β-catenin or other component of Wnt pathway to detect its efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence or progression especially in non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma.
Prediction of Surgical Outcome after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy through Guy’s Score and Nephrolithometric Nomogram
Authors: Teama K A , Shabayek M I , Aly T I S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Urolithiasis has a well documented common occurrence in the general population. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), has prevailed over other more morbid procedures, like open surgeries in the management of such stones PNL in complex renal stones is a challenging procedure because it requires considerable experience in gaining percutaneous tracts, performing delicate and judicious intrarenal manipulations, mastering all techniques of intracorporeal stone disintegration, and weighing the benefits of complete stone clearance against the risks of complications.

Aim of the Work
GSS and Nephrolithometric Nomogram. Scoring system in predicting PCNL outcomes. The ability of the GSS and STONE score to correlate with the post-operative change in the quality of life.

Patients and Methods
In a non-randomized prospective study we evaluated the two scoring systems Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring systems in predicting the success rate of PCNl and the quality of life. This study included 100 patients with renal stones who were scheduled for PCNL at El Demerdash University Hospitals and Nasser institute hospital in the period from April 2017 to October 2018.

Results
Our study included 100 patients (34 were female, 66 were male) with a mean age of 46.16 (range from 28 to 68). The mean GUY score was 1.57± 0.73 and the mean STONE score was 5.76± 1.19.the overall stone free rate was 89% with a complication rate of 18% with a mean stone burden &lt;400 mm.GUY and STONE score were able to predict SFR and complications after PCNL.

Conclusion
Both GSS and S.T.O.N.E Nephrolithometry Score can be used to stratify the complexity of renal stone before PCNL to predict the stone clearance and complication. Both can be valuable tools for providing uniformity for comparison of outcome, proper planning of the surgery and preoperative counseling of the patient.
Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in The Treatment of Renal Stones in Children
Authors: Badran A M A , Kotb Y M , Tolba M K A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
the incidence of urinary stone disease has been increased due to the change in dietary habits, lifestyle factors and obesity. The prevalence of urinary stone disease was reported as 11.1% in the adult population, while the prevalence in children varies with age, it is approximately 2-3%. Open surgery was the only surgical treatment option in the past, now most pediatric urinary stones can be treated effectively by other procedures as extracorporial shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and laparoscopy.

Aim of the Study
to assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of renal stones more than 15 mm in children aged 2-14 years old.

Patients and Methods
our study included 40 patients (28 males and 12 females) with a mean age (8.35 ± 3.69) with a range (2 to 14 years) managed by PCNL in 2 groups: Group A (Preschool age group): included 18 patients, 12 males (67%) and 6 females (33%) aged (2-6 years) managed by mini PCNL.Group B (School age group): included 22 patients, 16 male (73%) and 6 females (27%) aged (7-14 years) managed by standard PCNL.

Results
Success rate was nearly similar in both groups, it was 88.9% in group A and 95.5% in group B. Regarding the mean operative time it was 72.22 ± 12.63 in group A and 70.00 ± 15.74 in group B. Regarding the intraoperative blood loss it was more significant in group B with the mean intraoperative blood loss as 76.67 ± 15.34 in group A and 116.36 ± 22.79 in group B. Postoperative pain was more in group B than in group A, so 6 patients (33.3%) postoperative weak opiate analgesia in group A for less than 24 hours, while 16 patients (72.7%) needed postoperative weak opiate analgesia in group B. Hospital stay was 2.44 ± 0.51 in group A and 2.91 ± 1.02 in group B.

Conclusion
PCNL is a safe and effective procedure for management of renal stones in children, with accepted stone clearance rates and postoperative morbidity in addition to short hospital stay.
Cyanoacrylate Based Products as Interpositioning Substance versus Reintervention Alone for Urethrocutaneous Fistula Repair after Hypospadias
Authors: Abdallah H M , Tawfeek A M , Mohareb A M W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is still the commonest complication after hypospadias repair. Although recent advances in the surgical procedures of hypospadias repair have reduced the rate of urethrocutaneous fistula formation, it remains a real complication of hypospadias and frustrating problem for surgeons.

Aim of the Work
evaluation of success and failure rates of using cyanoacrylate based productes as an interpositioning substance in surgical repair of fistula after hypospadias in comparison to the classic surgical repair technique.

Patients and Methods
this is a prospective, randomized-controled study, conducted on 40 patients from the date of the approval of the study. It is comparing two different modalities for repair of urethrocutaneous fistula that has developed after hypospadias repair. Our study was assigned on a randomized basis method according to a 1:1 ratio and patients underwent either multilayered closure using dartos facial flap or using cyanoacrylate glue as an interpositioning layer before suturing of the dartos flap for the closure of the urethrocutaneous fistula. All cases were divided into 2 equal groups, 20 cases each. The cases were distributed randomly into the two groups.

Results
the success rate was higher for patients using cyanoacrylate glue as a protective interpositioning layer as 16 patients (80%) were successfully repaired and 4 patients (20%) developed a recurrent fistula. However, there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups p-value was 0.465.

Conclusion
there was no statistically significant difference in adding cyanoacrylate glue to multilayered closure of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair. However, cyanoacrylates showed that they are a favourable additional protective substance and they resulted in a high success rate without adding any surgical complications.
Comparative study between dusting versus fragmentation of proximal ureteric stones using Holmium Laser Lithotripsy
Authors: Elzayat T M , Fahim H A , Abdelaziz M S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
to compare between the outcome and complications of proximal ureteric stone disintegration using dusting versus fragmentation technique with focusing on stone free rate.

Materials and Methods
in a prospective randomized clinical study, 20 patients will undergo laser disintegration of ureteric stones by dusting technique; another 20 patients will undergo laser disintegration of ureteric stones by fragmentation technique. The inclusion criteria include symptomatic single primary proximal ureteric stone&lt; 2 cm. The Exclusion criteria were pregnant women, children, and patients with coagulation disorders, medical problems that hinder anesthesia, recent active infection, urinary tract abnormalities and previous ureteric surgery.

Results
Our laser settings in this research were energy 0.5 J and frequency 20 Hz for dusting technique and 2 J energy and 5 Hz frequency for fragmentation technique. Stone free rates of dusting and fragmentation techniques were 75% and 90% respectively. Post operative complications were 15% with dusting technique and 20% with fragmentation group.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the active retrieval after laser lithotripsy (fragmentation technique) more efficient than waiting tiny fragments to pass spontaneously after laser lithotripsy (dusting technique) as fragmentation technique has lower mean operative time, lower incidence of stone migration during procedure and higher stone free rate than dusting technique. Dusting technique seems to be more efficient than fragmentation in double-J stenting and post-operative complications as it has the lower incidence of jj stenting and post operative complications. To obtain fair and precise results we have to apply this study in larger population.
Effect of perioperative alpha1-blocker on non-stented ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for ureteric stones
Authors: Mohammed M S , Tawfeek A M , Shaker H S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, ureteroscopy is the first line of surgical treatment of ureteric stones and holmium YAG laser is commonly used in stone fragmentation. Guidelines 2018 recommended not fixing ureteric stent in uncomplicated ureteroscopy. Therefore, when we decrease intra-operative dilatation, we may decrease the complicated ureteroscopy.

Objective
To assess the safety, efficacy and outcome of peri-operative alpha1 blockers on non-stented ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for ureteric stones.

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted at Urology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals and National Institute of Urology and Nephrology starting from September 2017 to December 2018. Sixty patients with lower ureteric stone included in this study underwent non-stented laser lithotripsy and were divided into two equal groups; group A (tamsulosin) and group B (no tamsulosin).

Results
Our study revealed that using peri-operative tamsulosin statistically reduced the need for ureteric dilatation, mean operative time, mean hospital stay, post-operative pain, the need for pain medications and post-operative lower urinary tract symptoms.

Conclusion
Administration of peri-operative tamsulosin seems to significantly decrease the need for intra-operative dilatation, post-operative LUTs, post-operative pain and the need for analgesia and shorten operative time and hospital stay.
Does The Use Of Povidone Iodine Suppository Decrease The Infective Complications Of TRUS Guided Prostate Biopsies? A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Abdulbaki M S , Emam A , Badawy M , Shaker H S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Trans rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy can lead to urinary tract infections in 3% to 11% and sepsis in 0.1% to 5% of patients. We investigated the prevalence of different organisms among rectal flora in our community, the virulence of the most prevalent one and the effect of combined standard antibiotic prophylaxis with the use of povidone iodine suppository prior to TRUS guided biopsy of the prostate in decreasing post biopsy infectious complications.

Materials and Methods
Between December 2016 and September 2017, 50 men were prospectively randomized to povidone iodine rectal cleansing (50) or no cleansing (50) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Rectal swab cultures, urinalaysis, urine cultures, total leukocytic count and CRP were obtained before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Patients received ciprofloxacin prophylaxis and attended at 1 week follow up visit. Urinalaysis, urine cultures, total leukocytic count and CRP were obtained at follow up visit and asked about fever, UTI symptoms and examined for prostatitis and epididymo-orchitis.

Results
Infectious complications were observed in 5 (10%) patients, including 2 (8%) in the treatment group and 3 (12%) in the control group (p = 0.0001). No cases of sepsis were recorded. Mean increase of CRP was higher in control group (P = 0.011). 17 patients among study population had Ciprofloxacin resistant rectal organisms on rectal swab cultures (34%).

Conclusion
Usage of pre TRUS-Bx intrarectal povidone iodine suppository together with standard antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin helps decrease post procedure infectious complications and proved to decrease incidence of infection among patients having ciprofloxacin resistant rectal organisms.
Evaluation of Endovenous Laser Ablation in Management of Varicose Veins
Authors: Ouf T I , Nada M A , Salem A M , Elzefzaf N Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
There have been tremendous changes to the treatment of varicose veins over the years. High ligation of the SFJ and stripping of the GSV have been considered as standard treatments for GSV insufficiency for more than one century and it is still adopted as the preferred method in the majority of the surgical centers.

Aim of the Work
To discuss the advances in the treatment of varicose veins and their advantages over traditional methods in an attempt to choose the best method of treatment with least complications and highest success rate of cure and to review the recently advanced endovenous laser ablation as a promising line of management of primary varicose veins.

Patients and Methods
This observational prospective was conducted on 30 patients 30 patients with varicose veins in multiple centers carrying out endovenous laser ablation.during the period from October 2017 till March 2018.

Results
After the EVL ablation +/- sclerotherapy, no major complications occurred, minor complication however, was quite common and included bruising (33.3%), ecchymosis (16.6%), postoperative pain (66%) that require analgesic, superficial thrombophlebitis (16.6%) and skin burn (3.3%).

Conclusion
EVLA is continuing to be an outstanding minimal invasive method for treatment of varicose veins with minimal complications and a very short recovery period which sounds appealing to the patients.
Proteomic biomarkers of sleep apnea
Authors: Ambati Aditya , Ju Yo-El , Lin Ling , Olesen Alexander N , Koch Henriette , Hedou Julien Jacques , Leary Eileen B , Sempere Vicente Peris , Mignot Emmanuel , Taheri Shahrad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent partial to complete upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to repetitive arousals and oxygen desaturations. Although many OSA biomarkers have been reported individually, only a small subset have been validated through both cross-sectional and intervention studies. We sought to profile serum protein biomarkers in OSA in unbiased high throughput assay.

Methods
A highly multiplexed aptamer array (SomaScan) was used to profile 1300 proteins in serum samples from 713 individuals in the Stanford Sleep Cohort, a patient-based registry. Outcome measures derived from overnight polysomnography included Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea Index (OAHI), Central Apnea Index (CAI), 2% Oxygen Desaturation index, mean and minimum oxygen saturation indices during sleep. Additionally, a separate intervention-based cohort of 16 individuals was used to assess proteomic profiles pre- and post-intervention with positive airway pressure.

Results
OAHI was associated with 65 proteins, predominantly pathways of complement, coagulation, cytokine signaling, and hemostasis which were upregulated. CAI was associated with two proteins including Roundabout homolog 3 (ROBO3), a protein involved in bilateral synchronization of the pre-Bötzinger complex and cystatin F. Analysis of pre- and post intervention samples revealed IGFBP-3 protein to be increased while LEAP1 (Hepicidin) to be decreased with intervention. An OAHI machine learning classifier (OAHI &gt;=15 vs OAHI&lt;15) trained on SomaScan protein measures alone performed robustly, achieving 76% accuracy in a validation dataset.

Conclusions
Multiplex protein assays offer diagnostic potential and provide new insights into the biological basis of sleep disordered breathing.
Sleep and diurnal rest-activity rhythm disturbances in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Filon Mikolaj J , Wallace Eli , Wright Samantha , Douglas Dylan J , Steinberg Lauren I , Verkuilen Carissa L , Westmark Pamela R , Maganti Rama K , Westmark Cara J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAccumulating evidence suggests a strong association between sleep, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We sought to determine if (1) deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep are significant phenotypes in J20 AD mice, (2) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibitors (mGluR5) could rescue deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep, and (3) Aβ levels are responsive to treatment with mGluR5 inhibitors.MethodsDiurnal rest-activity levels were measured by actigraphy and sleep-wake patterns by electroencephalography, while animals were chronically treated with mGluR5 inhibitors. Behavioral tests were performed, and Aβ levels measured in brain lysates.ResultsJ20 mice exhibited a 4.5-h delay in the acrophase of activity levels compared to wild-type littermates and spent less time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the second half of the light period. J20 mice also exhibited decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) delta power but increased NREM sigma power. The mGluR5 inhibitor CTEP rescued the REM sleep deficit and improved NREM delta and sigma power but did not correct rest-activity rhythms. No statistically significant differences were observed in Aβ levels, rotarod performance, or the passive avoidance task following chronic mGluR5 inhibitor treatment.ConclusionsJ20 mice have disruptions in rest-activity rhythms and reduced homeostatic sleep pressure (reduced NREM delta power). NREM delta power was increased following treatment with a mGluR5 inhibitor. Drug bioavailability was poor. Further work is necessary to determine if mGluR5 is a viable target for treating sleep phenotypes in AD.
Pusillimonas maritima sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater
Authors: Li Jianyang , Qi Mingming , Lai Qiliang , Dong Chunming , Liu Xiupian , Wang Guangyi , Shao Zongze 
Published: May 2020

Two Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped and non-flagellated strains, designated 17-4AT and L52-1-41, were isolated from the surface seawater of the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, respectively. The 16S rRNA genes of the two strains shared sequence similarity of 99.45 %. Strain 17-4AT shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.02 % with

Pusillimonas caeni

EBR-8-1T, followed by

Pusillimonas noertemannii

BN9T (97.47 %),

Pusillimonas soli

MJ07T (96.93 %),

Parapusillimonas granuli

Ch07T (96.68 %),

Pusillimonas ginsengisoli

DCY25T (96.65 %),

Eoetvoesia caeni

PB3-7BT (96.63 %),

Paracandidimonas caeni

24T (96.34 %),

Castellaniella defragrans

54PinT (96.28 %) and

Pusillimonas harenae

B201T (96.05 %). L52-1-41 shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity of 97.74 % with

Pusillimonas caeni

EBR-8-1T, followed by

Pusillimonas noertemannii

BN9T (97.47 %),

Pusillimonas soli

MJ07T (96.65 %),

Parapusillimonas granuli

Ch07T (96.41 %),

Pusillimonas ginsengisoli

DCY25T (96.37 %),

Eoetvoesia caeni

PB3-7BT (96.35 %),

Pusillimonas harenae

B201T (96.28 %), and

Paracandidimonas caeni

24T (96.06 %). The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that 17-4AT and L52-1-41 formed a stable, distinct and highly supported lineage affiliated to the genus

Pusillimonas

. The results of the digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses indicated that they represented a single species. They featured similar genomic DNA G+C contents of 53.2–53.4 mol%. Activities of catalase and oxidase were negative for both strains. The fatty acids patterns of 17-4AT and L52-1-41 were most similar, mostly comprised of C16 : 0, C17 : 0cyclo, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c). The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminolipids. The respiratory quinone of the two strains was Q-8. Hence, on the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data presented in this study, we proposed the classification of both strains as representatives of a novel species named Pusillimonas maritima sp. nov., with the type strain 17-4AT (=MCCC 1A12670T=KCTC 62121T=NBRC 113794T), and another strain L52-1-41 (=MCCC 1A05046=KCTC 52313).