bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro
Authors: Septiana Siska , Bachtiar Boy Muchlis , Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Wijaya Christofora Hanny 
Published: May 2020

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.
Differential dynamics of early stages of platelet adhesion and spreading on collagen IV- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces
Authors: Horev Melanie B. , Zabary Yishaia , Zarka Revital , Sorrentino Simona , Medalia Ohad , Zaritsky Assaf , Geiger Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Background:Upon wound formation, platelets adhere to the neighboring extracellular matrix and spread on it, a process which is critical for physiological wound healing. Multiple external factors, such as the molecular composition of the environment and its mechanical properties, play a key role in this process and direct its speed and outcome.Methods:We combined live cell imaging, quantitative interference reflection microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to characterize, at a single platelet level, the differential spatiotemporal dynamics of the adhesion process to fibrinogen- and collagen IV-functionalized surfaces.Results:Initially, platelets sense both substrates by transient rapid extensions of filopodia. On collagen IV, a short-term phase of filopodial extension is followed by lamellipodia-based spreading. This transition is preceded by the extension of a single or couple of microtubules into the platelet’s periphery and their apparent insertion into the core of the filopodia. On fibrinogen surfaces, the filopodia-to-lamellipodia transition was partial and microtubule extension was not observed leading to limited spreading, which could be restored by manganese or thrombin.Conclusions:Based on these results, we propose that interaction with collagen IV stimulate platelets to extend microtubules to peripheral filopodia, which in turn, enhances filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition and overall lamellipodia-based spreading. Fibrinogen, on the other hand, fails to induce these early microtubule extensions, leading to full lamellipodia spreading in only a fraction of the seeded platelets. We further suggest that activation of integrin αIIbβ3 is essential for filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition, based on the capacity of integrin activators to enhance lamellipodia spreading on fibrinogen.
The Normalization of Consumer Valuations: Context-Dependent Preferences from Neurobiological Constraints
Authors: Webb Ryan , Glimcher Paul W. , Louie Kenway 
Published: May 2020

Consumer valuations are shaped by choice sets, exemplified by patterns of substitution between alternatives as choice sets are varied. Building on recent neuroeconomic evidence that valuations are transformed during the choice process, we incorporate the canonical divisive normalization computation into a discrete choice model and characterize how choice behaviour depends on both size and composition of the choice set. We then examine evidence for such behaviour from two choice experiments that vary the size and composition of the choice set. We find that divisive normalization more accurately captures observed behaviour than alternative models, including an example range normalization model. These results are robust across experimental paradigms. Finally, we demonstrate that Divisive Normalization implements an efficient means for the brain to represent valuations given neurobiological constraints, yielding the fewest choice errors possible given those constraints. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.
Generation of 0.7 mJ multicycle 15 THz radiation by phase-matched optical rectification in lithium niobate
Authors: Jang Dogeun , Sung Jae Hee , Lee Seong Ku , Kang Chul , Kim Ki-Yong 
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate efficient multicycle terahertz pulse generation at 14.6 THz from large-area lithium niobate crystals by using high-energy (up to 2 J) femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses. Such terahertz radiation is produced by phase-matched optical rectification in lithium niobate. Experimentally, we achieve maximal terahertz energy of 0.71 mJ with conversion efficiency of

∼

0.04
%

. Our experimental setup is simple and easily upscalable to produce multi-millijoule, multicycle terahertz radiation with proper lithium niobate crystals.
La marimba: lenguaje musical y secreto de la violencia política en Guatemala
Authors: Dietrich Wolfgang , Dietrich Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

El autor refleja la construcción de la música nacional en el proceso del devenir del Estado nacional guatemalteco. Este proceso comienza formalmente a principios del siglo XIX, pero no ha concluido aún. Para el mito del Estado nación y para aquellos que lo utilizan para su proyecto de dominación, es de importancia decisiva que la música nacional se distinga externamente de las músicas expresadas por otras naciones, y para usos internos sirva al proceso de homogeneización nacional. Desde los mediados del siglo XIX la música en Guatemala se utiliza para transmitir ideologías que sirven a la construcción de tal mito. La música vernácula de los pueblos mayas no sigue esta lógica, por lo tanto está considerada inferior o «incorrecta». Para el mito del Estado nación sólo el pueblo como concepto abstracto en su conjunto, y no el grupo concreto e individual, podría entender y valorar la música nacional. Suponiendo esto, la música nacional se convirtió en una herramienta elemental y efectiva del mecanismo represivo de la deculturación. La marimba entonces funciona como símbolo del Estado nación guatemalteco. Las dictaduras militares, siendo ellas las principales responsables del genocidio contra los mayas, declararon la marimba cromática instrumento nacional. Tras un largo camino de violencia la marimba desindianizada y por lo tanto ladinizada, se convirtió en instrumento nacional. En el período de la violencia, la marimba cromática no cesó de sonar en los sitios nocturnos y en los restaurantes elegantes de la capital. Entretanto los mayas en el altiplano seguían cargando sus k’ojomes a cuevas y hondonadas para protegerlos de los militares. Por ello, la diversidad anárquica y rebelde de la tonalidad del k’ojom sigue siendo el lenguaje vernáculo y secreto de los grupos e individuos que no pertenecen al mundo nacional de la marimba cromática.
Examining the Contact Filter Paper Method in the Low Suction Range
Authors: Leong E. C. , Wijaya M. , Tong W. Y. , Lu Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The filter paper method for measuring suction is standardized in ASTM D5298-16, Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper. The contact filter paper is usually calibrated using a pressure plate apparatus from 10 to 1,500 kPa. The filter paper calibration curve is commonly plotted on a log-log or semilog graph with water content as the abscissa and suction as the ordinate. To evaluate the accuracy of the filter paper calibration curve in the low suction range (&lt;10 kPa), the Whatman No. 42 filter paper is assessed using the capillary-rise method for suction range from 0.1 to 1.6 kPa and using the Tempe cell for suction range from 3 to 7 kPa. The test results from the capillary-rise method and Tempe cell tests show different trends. The difference in trends is attributed to the limitation of the axis-translation technique used in the Tempe cell test, which is not applicable at a high degree of saturation. The capillary-rise method shows that the Whatman No. 42 filter paper has a maximum water content of about 135 % and minimum measurable suction of about 1 kPa. The water content of the filter paper at 1 kPa suction can be used to supplement the other method for suctions greater than 10 kPa to give the calibration curve of the Whatman No. 42 filter paper.
Prospective evaluation of aldosterone LC-MS/MS-specific cutoffs for the saline infusion test
Authors: Fries Charlotte Michaela , Bae Yoon Ju , Rayes Nada , Sandner Benjamin , Isermann Berend , Stumvoll Michael , Fagotto Valentina , Reincke Martin , Bidlingmaier Martin , Mandy Vogel , Kratzsch Jürgen , Fenske Wiebke Kristin 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become state of the art for the quantitative analysis of steroid hormones. Although method comparisons show that aldosterone measurement using LC-MS/MS yields considerably lower levels than immunoassays (IAs), method-specific cutoff values for primary aldosteronism (PA) are largely missing. Objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of proposed LC-MS/MS-specific cutoff values for the saline infusion test (SIT).

Design and methods
From 2016 to 2019, 104 consecutive patients suspected of PA underwent the SIT and captopril challenge test in the tertiary medical center at the University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany. Patients with positive case confirmation underwent adrenal imaging and adrenal venous sampling for subtype classification.

Results
Overall, proposed assay-specific PACLC-MS/MS cutoff values for the SIT achieved higher diagnostic accuracy than established PACIA values with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% (95% CI: 71.0–96.5) and 97% (95% CI: 89.6–99.6) for a cutoff of 120 pmol/L and 93.8% (95% CI: 79.2–99.2) and 92.5% (95% CI: 83.4–97.5) for a cutoff of 94 pmol/L. The most accurate post-SIT PACLC-MS/MS cutoff value in this study was 83 pmol/L, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 96.9% (95% CI: 83.8–99.9) and 92.5% (95% CI: 83.4–97.5), respectively.

Conclusions
The present data confirm the need for the implication of lower method-specific aldosterone cutoff values for the diagnosis of PA with LC-MS/MS based aldosterone measurement.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study on incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands over 3 decades
Authors: de Ridder Mischa , Nieveen van Dijkum Els , Engelsman Anton , Kapiteijn Ellen , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , Rasch Coen R N 
Published: May 2020

Objective
To perform a nationwide population based study in ATC on incidence, treatment and survival.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
All patients with primary ATC between 1989 and 2016 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Of all these patients excerpts from the pathology reports from PALGA: Dutch Pathology registry were linked to the data of the NCR. Standardized incidences were calculated, survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and univariable statistically significant factors were included in a multivariable regression model.

Results
In total, 812 patients were included. Mean standardized incidence rates were 0.18/100 000 (range 0.11–0.27/100 000) with a significant trend over the years with an estimated annual percentage change of 1.3% per year (95% CI 0.4–2.1%). Median overall survival was 2.2 months, and estimated 1-year survival was 12%. Patients without distant metastases at diagnosis had an estimated 1-year survival of 21.6%. Prognostic factors for prolonged survival were double or triple therapy, age below 65 years, M0-status and absence of bilateral lymph node metastases.

Conclusions
ATC is rare, but often lethal, form of thyroid cancer, with a median survival of 2 months and 1-year survival of approximately 10%. The incidence is slightly rising in the Netherlands over the past 3 decades. There appears to be a subgroup of patients that survive longer, mainly those with relatively limited disease who underwent double or triple therapy. Further research is needed to define these patients more distinctively.
Evidence That Runt Acts as a Counter-Repressor of Groucho During Drosophila melanogaster Primary Sex Determination
Authors: Mahadeveraju Sharvani , Jung Young-Ho , Erickson James W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Runx proteins are bifunctional transcription factors that both repress and activate transcription in animal cells. Typically, Runx proteins work in concert with other transcriptional regulators, including co-activators and co-repressors to mediate their biological effects. In Drosophila melanogaster the archetypal Runx protein, Runt, functions in numerous processes including segmentation, neurogenesis and sex determination. During primary sex determination Runt acts as one of four X-linked signal element (XSE) proteins that direct female-specific activation of the establishment promoter (Pe) of the master regulatory gene Sex-lethal (Sxl). Successful activation of SxlPe requires that the XSE proteins overcome the repressive effects of maternally deposited Groucho (Gro), a potent co-repressor of the Gro/TLE family. Runx proteins, including Runt, contain a C-terminal peptide, VWRPY, known to bind to Gro/TLE proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. We show that Runt’s VWRPY co-repressor-interaction domain is needed for Runt to activate SxlPe. Deletion of the Gro-interaction domain eliminates Runt-ability to activate SxlPe, whereas replacement with a higher affinity, VWRPW, sequence promotes Runt-mediated transcription. This suggests that Runt may activate SxlPe by antagonizing Gro function, a conclusion consistent with earlier findings that Runt is needed for Sxl expression only in embryonic regions with high Gro activity. Surprisingly we found that Runt is not required for the initial activation of SxlPe. Instead, Runt is needed to keep SxlPe active during the subsequent period of high-level Sxl transcription suggesting that Runt helps amplify the difference between female and male XSE signals by counter-repressing Gro in female, but not in male, embryos.
Training Population Optimization for Genomic Selection in Miscanthus
Authors: Olatoye Marcus O , Clark Lindsay V , Labonte Nicholas R , Dong Hongxu , Dwiyanti Maria S , Anzoua Kossonou G , Brummer Joe E , Ghimire Bimal K , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nikolay , Bagmet Larisa , Sabitov Andrey , Chebukin Pavel , Głowacka Katarzyna , Heo Kweon , Jin Xiaoli , Nagano Hironori , Peng Junhua , Yu Chang Y , Yoo Ji H , Zhao Hua , Long Stephen P , Yamada Toshihiko , Sacks Erik J , Lipka Alexander E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Miscanthus is a perennial grass with potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production. To ensure its utility for this purpose, breeding efforts should focus on increasing genetic diversity of the nothospecies Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g) beyond the single clone used in many programs. Germplasm from the corresponding parental species M. sinensis (Msi) and M. sacchariflorus (Msa) could theoretically be used as training sets for genomic prediction of M×g clones with optimal genomic estimated breeding values for biofuel traits. To this end, we first showed that subpopulation structure makes a substantial contribution to the genomic selection (GS) prediction accuracies within a 538-member diversity panel of predominately Msi individuals and a 598-member diversity panels of Msa individuals. We then assessed the ability of these two diversity panels to train GS models that predict breeding values in an interspecific diploid 216-member M×g F2 panel. Low and negative prediction accuracies were observed when various subsets of the two diversity panels were used to train these GS models. To overcome the drawback of having only one interspecific M×g F2 panel available, we also evaluated prediction accuracies for traits simulated in 50 simulated interspecific M×g F2 panels derived from different sets of Msi and diploid Msa parents. The results revealed that genetic architectures with common causal mutations across Msi and Msa yielded the highest prediction accuracies. Ultimately, these results suggest that the ideal training set should contain the same causal mutations segregating within interspecific M×g populations, and thus efforts should be undertaken to ensure that individuals in the training and validation sets are as closely related as possible.
Primer peritonitis egészséges serdülő fiúban
Authors: Farkas László , Lazáry György , Köves Ilona , Csákváry Violetta , Rónaky Rebeka , Nagy Tamás 
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:
Az egészséges, hajlamosító tényező nélküli gyermekeknél a primer peritonitis
rendkívül ritka. A klinikai kép egyértelmű hajlamosító tényezők és tünetek
hiányában nem különbözik a szekunder peritonitisektől. Emiatt a diagnózis szinte
mindig intraoperatív. Esetismertetés: 15 éves, korábban egészséges fiút
kezeltünk enteritisnek megfelelő panaszokkal. A panaszok kezdetétől 24 órán
belül akut has és szeptikus sokkos állapot alakult ki. A has komputertomográfos
vizsgálatakor apró levegőzárványok látszottak a has középvonalában és a
terminalis ileum mellett. Sürgősséggel laparotomiát végeztünk perforációs
peritonitis gyanúja miatt. A műtét során azonban a purulens peritonitis
hátterében perforációt nem találtunk. Széles spektrumú empirikus, majd célzott
antibiotikumkúrát alkalmaztunk. A szeptikus sokkot és szövődményeit sikeresen
kezeltük. A primer peritonitis forrását nem tudtuk azonosítani. A gyermek a
hazabocsátása óta panaszmentes. Primer peritonitisnél a nem specifikus, rapidan
progrediáló tünetek miatt a sürgős műtét általában elkerülhetetlen. Megfelelő
antibiotikum- és szupportív terápiával a prognózis kedvező. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(23): 977–979.
A rare case of bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma with unusual presentation: the case report
Authors: Madesan Nirmal Kumar , Rajendra Vinay Kumar J. 
Published: May 2020

Here we report a 25 years old male patient came to our emergency department with chief complaints of headache from 3 months, blurring of vision 7 days, abdominal pain 7 days, and vomiting from 2 days. Young male, with no known comorbidities, presented to our casualty with headache since, 3 months, episodic in nature, increased over the last 1 week, holocranial, gradually progressive in severity. last recorded Blood pressure outside was 220/120 mmHg and papilledema were noted on fundoscopy. USG abdomen and pelvis, CECT abdomen done and diagnosed to have bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma. Patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy was performed with good intra op BP control. Right adrenals were enlarged and shows multiple nodular lesions, left adrenal noted shows nodular lesions. Surgery remains the first line of management in malignant pheochromocytoma. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine all act on their target receptors, which causes a physiological change in the body. Increase in catecholamines cause severe hypertension and multiple systemic complications like (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular events) and can lead to death if untreated.
A rare case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung, its management and review of literature
Authors: Prasad Dinesh , Shah Kesha C. 
Published: May 2020

Mediastinal herniation can occur either due to traction as in the case of lung shrinkage in tuberculosis and chronic bronchostenosis or pulsion as a result of hydropneumothorax, empyema necessitans, and chronic infective etiology. We are reporting a case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung in a patient with underlying right pulmonary tuberculosis, presenting with empyema thoracis. Empyema thoracis in pulmonary tuberculosis may either be a cause of trans-mediastinal herniation of lung or be a co-existent condition when the herniation occurs due to hydropneumothorax. Due to the presence of infection in pleural space, a prosthesis cannot be used. Due to the proximity of hernia sac to heart and major vessels, its plication is better avoided. Hence, treatment of such a case can be done by applying negative pressure for a few post-operative days till the dead space has been obliterated. Trans-mediastinal herniation of lung with underlying empyema thoracis requiring decortication can be successfully treated with the application of intermittent strong negative pressure (after completing decortication) in the pleaural cavity near mediastinum to gradually deliver the herniated lung to its normal position followed by application of negative pressure in the post op period through one of the ICDTs (intercostal drainage tubes) to avoid unnecessary post-operative complications or reherniation.
Are buccal corridors and smile width relating to smile esthetics? - A Photometric Study
Authors: Bharat Kedia Neal , Kedia Gunjan , Chandra Subhash , Verma Garima , Amit Kumar (Major) 
Published: May 2020

The present photometric study investigated the correlation of buccal corridor and smile width to an esthetic smile and the influence of the facial form on it. Standardized photographs of posed smile of 60 subjects in the age range of 17-25 years were taken. Among those 60 subjects, 3 groups were divided as 20 subjects each in leptoprosopic facial form, mesoprosopic facial form and euryprosopic facial form (according to morphological facial index given by Martin and Saller in 1957). Frontal smile photographs were taken and measurements of maximum smile width, right and left buccal corridor spaces were done according to methodology proposed by Johnson and Smith (1995) using software Corel DRAW X7. As separate evaluation done by orthodontists and lay persons and both of them presented with no differences of buccal corridor width and the total smile width in the esthetic smiles from comparing the percentage between the study groups. Remarkable finding was that the buccal corridor width and total smile width does not alter with the 3 types of facial form and broad faces have a tendency for broader buccal corridor and narrow faces have smaller buccal corridor.