bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Construction Method of Urban Simulated Rainfall Station Based on Sina Weibo Geographical Location Data
Authors: Penglin LI , Zening WU , Wang Huiliang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban infighting has intensified. At present, urban rainfall data is mainly measured by rainfall stations, while the number of traditional rainfall stations and their uneven distribution result in the inability to obtain high-precision surface rainfall data. With the advent of the era of big data, more and more experts and scholars have applied big data to the research of natural disasters. Therefore, this article uses web crawler technology to obtain Sina Weibo data with geographic location information. By analyzing the correlation between the number of micro-blogs related to rainfall and the rainfall of the field, establishing the relationship between the two functions, and constructing the simulated rainfall station in the urban area of Zhengzhou City, more refined surface rainfall data can be obtained by interpolation. The experimental results show that the method of construction of simulated rainfall station can effectively improve the accuracy of interpolation through traditional rainfall stations.
Application of GC-IMS in Detection of Food Flavor Substances
Authors: He Wen , Ren Fang , Wang Yingqian , Gao Xing , Wang Xiaoxia , Dai Xia , Song Jibing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gas chromatography-ion migration spectroscopy (GC-IMS) is an effective method for the separation and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (Vocs). This technology combines the advantages of high separation ability of GC and rapid response of IMS, with fast response speed, high sensitivity, convenient operation and low cost. It has been widely used in the fields of drug detection, disease monitoring and environmental protection, especially in the field of food flavor analysis. This review first introduces the working principle of GC-IMS, and then summarizes the application of GC-IMS in the detection of flavor substances in food in recent years. Finally, the future paths in the research and development of GC-IMS are discussed.
Experimental Analysis on Effect of Temperature on Performance Testing for Heat Exchangers
Authors: Ren Bin , Tang Xiaoying , Pu Zhe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Heat exchangers are utilized to transfer or recover thermal energy in different industrial, domestic and commercial uses. With the outbreak of oil crisis, new type heat exchangers and heat transfer enhancement technology have gained more and more attention. Performance testing is the only approach to get heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics. Compared with testing standard GB/T 27698-2011, the qualitative temperatures of hot and cold fluid in TSG R0010-2019 are set as 60±1°C and 30±1°C. In this paper, the effect of qualitative temperature on performance testing for heat exchangers was investigated experimentally. The heat transfer and flow resistance correlations were obtained using Wilson plot method when the qualitative temperatures of hot water were 60°C and 70°C. And these two correlations were also developed by equal flowing velocity method at the qualitative temperatures of 50°C and 60°C. The results showed that qualitative temperature had scarcely any effect on fitting heat transfer and flow resistance correlations. The research results will provide a foundation for the actual performance testing and standard revision for heat exchangers.
Automatic Balancing System in Quadcopter with Change in Center of Gravity
Authors: Chaisena Kamolwat , Nenchoo Benjamaporn , Tantrairatn Suradet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore an automatic balancing system using the proportional integral derivative or PID feedback control algorithm in quad-rotor Helicopter, so-called quadcopter, with the center of gravity, moved on account of payload. Nowadays, the quadcopter widely used for a variety of applications due to high stability performance. In many applications in quadcopter usually carried a payload in the middle of its frame to maintain the balance during flight. However, the application of quadcopter could be a contributing factor to increase a payload on one side and can lead to an improper position of the center of gravity. This study set out to investigate the use of the mass of battery and landing gear to create a counterbalance to compensate for the payload. The stabilization of the balancing system was implemented by the PID control algorithm to control the counterbalancing of the quadcopter. The current study found that the PID control algorithm works well to maintain the balance in a quadcopter with the center of gravity moving during flight.
Efficiency and Emission Simulations of Hydrogen-Fuel City Buses
Authors: Poojitganont T , Antoshkiv O , Watjatrakul B , Berg H P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the AVL Cruise is implemented to simulate driving parameters including the driving path, the power loss on engine accessories, the gear-shifting scheme and the engine’s fuel cut-off strategy influencing the bus fuel efficiency and emission. The Mercedes Conecto LF city bus using a diesel engine with Standardised On-Road Test Cycles was firstly simulated and compared with available literature. The application of hydrogen fuel was then examined and its result was compared with the diesel fuel on the specific fuel consumption. In addition, the driving cycles in Bangkok were simulated. The results show the pattern on both driving cycles with different fuel are similar, however, the fuel consumption of H2 is significantly less than in the case of Diesel. Moreover, it is also evident that the SORT driving cycle cannot represent the heavy traffic of Bangkok.
Detection of Contact-type Failure Based on Non-linear Wave Modulation Utilizing Self-Excited Ultrasonic Vibration: Evaluation of Failure Development Focusing on Frequency Modulation
Authors: Tanaka T , Maeda S , Oura Y , Wu Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research concerns the detection method of contact-type failure based on nonlinear wave modulation utilizing ultrasonic vibration driven by self-excitation. When the structure is vibrating by environmental force or forced excitation, the contact area is fluctuated by vibration. In this condition, the vibration transfer characteristics of ultrasonic vibration have fluctuated in synchronization with vibration (non-linear wave modulation). The detection method based on non-linear wave modulation can detect contact-type failure. In this paper, the novel detection method based on nonlinear wave modulation is presented. Firstly, the self-excitation method using local feedback control is introduced. Local feedback control can oscillate at the natural frequency automatically. Secondly, the concept of a novel detection method is introduced. When the structure with contact-type failure is vibrating, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration excited by local feedback control will fluctuate in synchronization with natural frequency fluctuation. To explain the detection method, non-linear wave modulation is expressed 1 degree of freedom model. In this model, the local stiffness fluctuation is modelled by the spring element of which spring coefficient is fluctuated in synchronization with structural vibration. We regard the transfer function of this model as a linear time-varying system. The amplitude of the fluctuation of natural frequency caused by stiffness fluctuation can be the novel index of failure level. Lastly, the result of the experiment using the uniform beam specimen is shown. From the relationship between forcing pressure of the contact-type failure and the amplitude of the frequency modulation, it is proved that the novel index is associated with failure level.
Analysis of Tympanic Membrane Reconstruction with Various Thickness Cartilage Plates
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Tanaka Takashi , Kamitani Kazuki , Oura Yasunori , Hidayat Hidayat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate an appropriate design of the sliced cartilage used for the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane (TM). A great number of people are suffering from TM perforation caused by diseases or accidents. A surgical procedure, called cartilage myringoplasty, can save the people from hearing loss by replacing the damaged part of the membrane with thin-sliced cartilage. In this research, as the first step of designing the sliced cartilage, we established a three-dimensional finite element model of the human ear for numerical analysis. The ear model consists of the middle ear (TM, ossicular chain, ligaments, muscle), and inner ear cochlea. The joints between ear bones were also modelled with softer tissues. The analysis result of the frequency response shows a good correspondence with measurement results reported by other researchers. Then, using the numerical model, we investigated the optimal thickness of the cartilage plate. The TM was cut at the bottom position with a size of about 40% of TM and filled by cartilage plate with the thickness of 0.1mm to 0.7mm. Comparing with the frequency response of the healthy ear, we found that the optimal thickness of the plate is different in a various frequency range. The reason is considered as the difference of material properties between the membrane and the cartilage. Finally, to evaluate the performance of repaired models in all frequency range, we proposed an equation of matching rate as the evaluation equation. The results show that 0.5mm cartilage plate model shows a better performance at peak response area (600Hz-1kHz), and 0.3mm. cartilage plate model shows better average performance in the total frequency range.
The Comparison of Strain Distribution on Thai Scoliosis and Thai Scoliosis Adjust by Screw Fixation System
Authors: Somtua Chompunut , Aroonjarattham Panya , Aroonjarattham Kitti 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The secondary curve (S-shape) is one of the scoliosis deformity types. Scoliosis usually occurs in the thoracolumbar region of the adolescents, adulthood and the elderly. If the patient is not advised and treated by the surgeon, the patient will be in more pain and the curvature of scoliosis will be increased. The screw fixation system or pedicle screw system is popular in the treatment of spinal deformity. Because the surgical treatment is highly considered as successful, the postoperative of the pedicle screw system will become virtual homogeneous vertebral and movement together; however, there are few studies reporting the post-operative results in Thai scoliosis surgery. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the strain of Thai scoliosis (S-shape) as compared with normal Thai spine and Thai scoliosis adjusted by screw fixation system under the compressive load with a finite element method. The results showed the maximum strain occurred on Thai scoliosis, normal Thai spine and Thai scoliosis adjusted by screw fixation system respectively. It appeared that the strain occurred on the model of scoliosis adjusted by screw fixation system were more decreased/reduced than the scoliosis model and it is reasonable if compared with the normal model, due to the pedicle screw fixation system could be absorbed the strain occurred on the spinal very well. The center of scoliosis pre-operative was at T7 and L1 levels which had the maximum displacement before being adjusted by screw fixation system. It affects the strain occurred on the models by the reaction force. As mentioned above, the patient should be advised and treated by the surgeon as quick as possible in order to return to daily activities better than before the surgery.
The Contact Patch Analysis of Solid Tire on Drum Testing by Finite Element Method
Authors: Phromjan J , Suvanjumrat C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The drum testing method is an effective method to study the tire-rotating characteristic. The rolling resistance and contact force are carried out for tire performance development. The tire was tested by the cylindrical drum indoor laboratory. Thus, the contact patch of rolling solid tire on the drum surface should provide the same results as the tire testing on a flat surface. This research uses a finite element method to develop the drum testing of solid tire model and to investigate the contact patch. The compressed contact patches of solid tire on drum were compared with the validated contact patches of solid tire on the flat surface. The different results showed the effect of the drum curvature. Consequently, the diameter of the drum wheel was optimized for solid tire testing. It is interesting to note that the suitable ratio between drum diameter and solid tire diameter was 1.81.
Augmented Reality for Dies Alignment in Machine Setup
Authors: Tothong T. , Vongbunyong S. , Chinthammit W. , Piyasinchart A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Forging is one of the material deformation processing techniques. While the operation cycle is short and efficient, the machine setup process is generally long and time consuming. One of the difficulties in operation is position alignment procedure of the equipment during the die changing process. Due to the size and shape complexity of the machine and equipment, the operators are not able to clearly see the important parts – e.g. guided pins, holes, and sub-plate which need to be moved to finely adjust the alignment. Augmented Reality (henceforth AR) is used to solve this problem by rendering virtual objects and guides associated to those parts over the real equipment. Thus, the operators can monitor the position of the parts during the alignment process through the virtual objects. This AR system is developed based on ARcore SDK together with Unity on the Android platform. The experiment was conducted in real factory environment.
Investigation of Joining Dissimilar Materials Using Hot Pressing Process
Authors: Wannapa N. , Tangwaradomnukun V. , Uthaisangsuk V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hot pressing has been increasingly applied as a joining technology for dissimilar materials because of its simple setup. However, various process parameters must be clearly defined here in order to obtain an optimum joint. In this study, an experimental hot pressing for joining an aluminium alloy sheet grade A5052 with a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) plate was carried out. Different surface treatment on the aluminium samples were firstly employed by using both mechanical and chemical processes. Then, surface topographies of the treated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out to examine the C=O in the carbonyl group of thermo-plastic at the joint. During the hot pressing, joining force and temperature were varied. Afterwards, tension shear tests were performed for the aluminium-PBT specimens to evaluate the resulted joint strength. It was found that the pressing force of 1-ton and a pressing temperature of 270°C were the optimum parameters for joining these investigated materials. The maximum joining strength was obtained by specimens subjected to sandblasting combined with chemical surface treatment, in which the surface roughness of aluminium sheet samples was in the range of 4-9 μm. The specimens after shear tests exhibited a cohesive failure. The depth of mechanical interlocking between surfaces of both materials was approximately 33 μm. No change of the molecular structure of PBT was observed by the direct bonding between aluminium and PBT using hot pressing.
Analysis and characterization of enhanced kinetic reaction on ozone generation using negative corona discharge
Authors: Chee Fuei Pien , Zainuddin Nur Syahirah , Ha Howe Ling , Dayou Jedol 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and objective: Ozone gas has been used in microorganism treatment and is known as one of the strongest oxidizing agents. The main limitation of ozone is decay rapidly due to its short halflife. In this study, a novel method was established to enhance the production of ozonated water with lower decomposition time. Materials and method: The newly developed prototype was designed with improved technology to increase the kinetic reaction between ozone and water utilizing the parameters of high pressure and continuous flow. Ozonated water produced was examined using dissolved ozone meter with maximum detection of 20 mg L−1. The reaction and decomposition modeling of this system was developed and the dynamic structure of produced ozonated water was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. Results: The findings showed that the newly developed prototype facilitates a higher concentration of ozonated water with an ozone transfer rate of 2.5 L min−1 and a lower decomposition rate with an average half-life 200 min. The results obtained from Raman spectroscopy showed the increases in ozonated water concentration leading to a decrease in the intensity of Raman peak, more likely approaching the Raman intensity of distilled water. Conclusion: This system was proven to be efficient in producing ozonated water at high volume and concentration with longer half-life which suits the domestic and industrial application requirements.
Determination of latent dimensionality in international trade flow
Authors: Truong Duc P , Skau Erik , Valtchinov Vladimir I , Alexandrov Boian S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Currently, high-dimensional data is ubiquitous in data science, which necessitates the development of techniques to decompose and interpret such multidimensional (aka tensor) datasets. Finding a low dimensional representation of the data, that is, its inherent structure, is one of the approaches that can serve to understand the dynamics of low dimensional latent features hidden in the data. Moreover, decomposition methods with non-negative constraints are shown to extract more insightful factors. Nonnegative RESCAL is one such technique, particularly well suited to analyze self-relational data, such as dynamic networks found in international trade flows. Particularly, non-negative RESCAL computes a low dimensional tensor representation by finding the latent space containing multiple modalities. Furthermore, estimating the dimensionality of this latent space is crucial for extracting meaningful latent features. Here, to determine the dimensionality of the latent space with non-negative RESCAL, we propose a latent dimension determination method which is based on clustering of the solutions of multiple realizations of non-negative RESCAL decompositions. We demonstrate the performance of our model selection method on synthetic data. We then apply our method to decompose a network of international trade flows data from International Monetary Fund and shows that with a correct latent dimension determination, the resulting features are able to capture relevant empirical facts from economic literature.
Nitrogen-vacancy defect emission spectra in the vicinity of an adjustable silver mirror
Authors: Israelsen Niels M , Radko Ilya P , Raatz Nicole , Meijer Jan , Andersen Ulrik L , Huck Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optical emitters of quantum radiation in the solid state are important building blocks for emerging technologies making use of the laws of quantum mechanics. The efficiency of photon extraction from the host material is low for many solid-state systems due to their relatively high index of refraction. In this article we experimentally study the emission spectrum of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy defects implanted around 8 nm below the planar diamond surface and in the vicinity of a planar silver mirror. Scanning the distance between diamond and the mirror, we observe an enhancement of the spectral emission power by up to a factor of 3. We construct a model based on classical dipoles and elucidate the observations as being caused by interference in the far field of the emitters.
Spare Roof Technique Versus Component Dorsal Hump Reduction: A Randomized Prospective Study in 250 Primary Rhinoplasties, Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Santos Mariline , e Carmo Diogo Oliveira , Fertuzinhos Aureliano , e Sousa Cecília Almeida , Santos Jorge , Dourado Nuno , Amarante José 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Most Caucasian aesthetic rhinoplasty patients complain about having a noticeable hump in profile view. Taking the integrity of the middle vault into consideration, there are 2 ways to dehump a nose: the structured technique and the preservation technique.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the aesthetic and functional outcomes of 2 reduction rhinoplasty techniques.

Methods
We performed a prospective, randomized, interventional, and longitudinal study on 250 patients randomly divided into 2 groups: the component dorsal hump reduction group (CDRg) (n = 125) and the spare roof technique group (SRTg) (n = 125). We utilized the Utrecht Questionnaire for Outcome Assessment in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty. Patients answered the questionnaire before the surgery, and at 3 and 12 months after surgery. In addition, we utilized a visual analog scale (VAS) to score nasal patency for each side.

Results
Analyses of the preoperative and postoperative aesthetic VAS scores showed a significant improvement in both groups, from 3.66 to 7.00 (at 3 months) to 7.35 (at 12 months) in the CDRg, and from 3.81 to 8.14 (at 3 months) to 8.45 (at 12 months) in the SRTg. Analyses of postoperative means of aesthetic VAS scores showed a significant improvement in both groups over time. However, aesthetic improvement was higher in the SRTg than in the CDRg at both 3 (P &lt; 0.001) and 12 months (P &lt; 0.001) postsurgery. Analyses of the mean functional VAS scores showed a significant improvement with both techniques, with a better result for the SRTg.

Conclusions
The SRT is a reliable technique that can help deliver consistently better aesthetic and functional results than CDR for reduction rhinoplasty in Caucasian patients with a dorsal hump.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Axiom of Choice and the Partition Principle from Dialectica Categories
Authors: Da Silva Samuel G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The method of morphisms is a well-known application of Dialectica categories to set theory (more precisely, to the theory of cardinal invariants of the continuum). In a previous work, Valeria de Paiva and the author have asked how much of the Axiom of Choice is needed in order to carry out the referred applications of such method. In this paper, we show that, when considered in their full generality, those applications of Dialectica categories give rise to equivalents (within $\textbf{ZF}$) of either the Axiom of Choice ($\textbf{AC}$) or Partition Principle ($\textbf{PP}$)—which is a consequence of $\textbf{AC}$ whose precise status of its relationship with$\textbf{AC}$ itself is an open problem for more than a hundred years.