bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive laboratory evolution induced novel mutations in Zymomonas mobilis ATCC ZW658: a potential platform for co-utilization of glucose and xylose
Authors: Sarkar Payel , Mukherjee Mayurketan , Goswami Gargi , Das Debasish 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A systematic adaptive laboratory evolution strategy was employed to develop a potential Zymomonas mobilis strain with the ability to co-utilize glucose and xylose. Z. mobilis ATCC ZW658, a recombinant xylose fermenting strain, was subjected to adaptive laboratory evolution over a period of 200 days under strict selection pressure of increasing concentration of xylose. The evolved strain exhibited 1.65 times increase in the overall specific xylose utilization rate when compared with the parent strain. Furthermore, the strain displayed significantly improved performance in terms of co-fermentation of xylose in the presence of glucose with specific glucose and xylose utilization rate of 1.24 g g−1 h−1 and 1.34 g g−1 h−1, respectively. Altered phenotypic response of the evolved strain, in terms of improved xylose utilization, co-utilization of mixed sugars, enhanced growth, ethanol production, and reduced xylitol production has been explained by novel mutations, identified using next-generation sequencing, in xylose assimilating, metabolizing, and crucial regulatory pathway genes and key enzyme activity assays.
New Times, New Crimes: Notes on the Depillarization of the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Matthews Roger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA great deal has been written about the changing nature and direction of criminology over the past two decades, including claims that we are moving into a “new penology.” Many of these claims are suggestive rather than authoritative. In contrast to most commentaries on the subject, this article provides longer historical overview and attempts to sketch out how the central structures or “pillars” of the criminal justice system have become weakened and eroded over the last 200 years and how the emergence of body of “new crimes” and their regulation is challenging what might be called the “old criminology.” The emergence of new relations between victims and offenders, criminal justice and social justice, as well as the development of innovative modes of regulation are, it is argued, changing the social and criminological landscape. This raises issues of theory and practice that challenge traditional conceptualisations of crime and punishment.
An Evolutionary Sceptical Challenge to Scientific Realism
Authors: de Ray Christophe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvolutionary scepticism holds that the evolutionary account of the origins of the human cognitive apparatus has sceptical implications for at least some of our beliefs. A common target of evolutionary scepticism is moral realism.Scientificrealism, on the other hand, is much less frequently targeted, though the idea that evolutionary theory should make us distrustful of science is by no means absent from the literature. This line of thought has received unduly little attention. I propose to remedy this by advancing what I will call anevolutionary sceptical challenge to scientific realism. I argue that, given standard evolutionary theory, our possession of sound innate metaphysical intuitions would have taken an epistemically problematic ‘lucky accident’. This, as I will show, entails that scientific realism is a self-undermining position. I discuss objections to my argument’s two premises, including ones that appeal to the success of the sciences and to the possibility that sound innate metaphysical intuitions evolved as an evolutionary ‘by-product’. I then draw out an advantage of my argument over a similar one recently put forward by Graber and Golemon (Sophia, 2019.10.1007/s11841-018-0695-0). I finish by submitting that scientific realism, given the soundness of my argument, is faced with a new ‘Darwinian Dilemma’, and briefly address the significance of this for the debate between realists and anti-realists in the philosophy of science.
Fabrication of high thermal conductivity copper/diamond composites by electrodeposition under potentiostatic conditions
Authors: Arai Susumu , Ueda Miyoka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High thermal conductivity Cu/diamond composites were fabricated using an electrodeposition technique. The electrodes were oriented horizontally, and the cathode was located at the bottom of the plating bath. Diamond particles (10–230 μm) were first precipitated on the cathode substrate, and then copper was electrodeposited on the substrate to fill the gap between the precipitated diamond particles, which resulted in the formation of a Cu/diamond composite. The deposition behavior of the copper was electrochemically investigated, and the current densities of copper deposition under galvanostatic conditions were estimated. The current densities for the substrate with diamond particle layers were 4–10 times higher than the current density for the substrate without diamond particle layers, which led to undesired hydrogen evolution. Cu/diamond composites were formed under potentiostatic conditions without hydrogen evolution, and the resultant composites had compact morphologies. A specimen containing 49 vol% diamond particles with a mean diameter of 230 μm had the highest thermal conductivity of 600 W m−1 K−1, which is 1.5 times that of pure copper (ca. 400 W m−1 K−1).

Graphic Abstract

High thermal conductivity Cu/diamond composites were fabricated by electrodeposition under a potentiostatic condition without the evolution of hydrogen gas.
Beyond the Moral Influence Theory? A Critical Examination of Vargas’s Agency Cultivation Model of Responsibility
Authors: Harland Harry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper repudiates Manuel Vargas’s attempt to supplant the traditional moral influence theory of responsibility (MIT) with his ‘agency cultivation model’ (ACM). By focusing on fostering responsiveness to moral considerations, ACM purports to avoid the chief pitfalls of MIT. However, I contend that ACM is far less distinctive than it initially appears and so possesses all of MIT’s defects. I also assail Vargas’s counterfactual test for assessing whether a wrongdoer can respond to moral considerations. It is argued that the counterfactual test is epistemically redundant because it can only be fleshed out once we have settled the issues it is supposed to resolve. Moreover, it tacitly inverts the relation between freedom and responsibility—we cannot attribute free will to wrongdoers unless we have already established their blameworthiness. The upshot of this is that enquiries into an agent’s freedom are irrelevant to the ethics of holding her responsible.
Kinetics of Slag Reduction in Silicomanganese Production
Authors: Canaguier Vincent , Tangstad Merete 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the reduction of three silicomanganese charges prepared from industrial raw materials was investigated under isothermal conditions between 1783 K and 1933 K (1510 °C and 1660 °C). The main reactions examined are MnO and SiO2 slag reduction following the chemical equations MnO(l) + C = Mn(l) + CO(g) and SiO2(l) + 2C = Si(l) + 2CO(g). The charges containing a combination of Assmang ore, Comilog ore, high-carbon FeMn slag with quartz were pre-reduced, melted to a MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO quinary slag and reduced in presence of coke using a thermogravimetric set-up. The reduced slags were further analyzed using electro-probe micro-analysis to evaluate their MnO and SiO2 contents. It is observed that the reduction pathway occurred in two stages: a first slow and stable stage was followed by a rapid rate increase during the second stage. The rate change shift between the two stages was found to depend on the initial charge’s composition and the extent of reduction, but not on the temperature. Using an established rate equation, the kinetics of MnO and SiO2 reduction were modeled over the first stage. A good fit was obtained between simulated and experimental data.
Antiplasmodial activity of Cocos nucifera leaves in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Authors: Tayler Nicole M. , De Jesús Rosa , Spadafora Rita , Coronado Lorena M. , Spadafora Carmenza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum) malaria presents serious public health problems worldwide. The parasite´s resistance to antimalarial drugs has proven to be a significant hurdle in the search for effective treatments against the disease. For this reason, the study of natural products to find new antimalarials remains a crucial step in the fight against malaria. In this study, we aimed to study the in vivo performance of the decoction ofC. nuciferaleaves inP. berghei-infected mice. We analyzed the effectiveness of different routes of administration and the acute toxicity of the extract. Additionally, we determined the suppressive, curative and prophylactic activity of the extract. The results showed that the decoction of leaves ofC. nuciferais most effective when administered intramuscularly to mice in comparison to intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intragastric methods. We also found that organ signs of acute toxicity appear at 2000 mg/kg/day as evidenced by necropsy examination. Additionally, we found that the prophylactic effect of the extract is of 48% inhibition, however, there is no curative effect. Finally, in a 4-day suppressive assay, we found that the extract can inhibit the growth of the parasite by up to 54% at sub-toxic doses when administered intramuscularly.
Examination of electrodermal and cardio-vascular reactivity in virtual reality through a combined stress induction protocol
Authors: Kerous Bojan , Barteček Richard , Roman Robert , Sojka Petr , Bečev Ondřej , Liarokapis Fotis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, task-related stress induction through Stroop task and social stress induction protocol based on elements of Trier Social Stress Test are examined. The aim of the paper is to find the optimal combination of social and task-related stress to be used to consistently and reliably induce a stressful reaction. In total 16 healthy subjects participated in this study that seeks to find and compare the different stressors and their relation to physiological reactivity. Our findings show that electrodermal activity measurements are suitable when using a combination of stressors while heart rate and Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences highlight a greater reactivity to task-stress.
Stent edge vascular response and in-stent geometry after aerobic exercise
Authors: Taraldsen Maria Dalen , Videm Vibeke , Hegbom Knut , Wiseth Rune , Madssen Erik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the edge vascular response in patients treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) after 3 months of aerobic exercise intervention. Thirty-two patients with significant coronary artery disease underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with DES implantation prior to randomization to aerobic interval training (AIT, 14 patients) versus moderate continuous training (MCT, 18 patients). Plaque changes were assessed using grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound at baseline and follow-up. The main endpoints were changes in plaque burden and necrotic core content in the 5-mm proximal and distal stent edges. Plaque burden in the distal stent edges decreased significantly in both groups (AIT: − 3.3%; MCT: − 0.4%, p = 0.01 for both), and more in the AIT group (p = 0.048). Necrotic core content decreased significantly in the distal stent edges in both groups (− 2.1 mm3 in AIT, − 0.3 mm3 in MCT, p = 0.01 for both), and more in the AIT group (p = 0.03). There were no significant changes in proximal stent edges or in in-stent geometry at follow-up. In this small study of patients treated with DES implantation, 3 months of aerobic exercise training demonstrated decreased plaque burden and necrotic core content in the distal stent edges, with larger reductions in the AIT group.
Proposed Definition of Experimental Secondary Ischemia for Mouse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: van Lieshout Jasper Hans , Marbacher Serge , Muhammad Sajjad , Boogaarts Hieronymus D. , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. , Dibué Maxine , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Hänggi Daniel , Kamp Marcel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInconsistency in outcome parameters for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) makes it difficult to compare results between mouse studies, in the same way inconsistency in outcome parameters in human studies has for long obstructed adequate comparison. The absence of an established definition may in part be responsible for the failed translational results. The present article proposes a standardized definition for DCI in experimental mouse models, which can be used as outcome measure in future animal studies. We used a consensus-building approach to propose a definition for “experimental secondary ischemia” (ESI) in experimental mouse subarachnoid hemorrhage that can be used as an outcome measure in preclinical studies. We propose that the outcome measure should be as follows: occurrence of focal neurological impairment or a general neurological impairment compared with a control group and that neurological impairment should occur secondarily following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induction compared with an initial assessment following SAH induction. ESI should not be used if the condition can be explained by general anesthesia or if other means of assessments sufficiently explain function impairment. If neurological impairment cannot reliably be evaluated, due to scientific setup. Verification of a significant secondary impairment of the cerebral perfusion compared with a control group is mandatory. This requires longitudinal examination in the same animal. The primary aim is that ESI should be distinguished from intervention-related ischemia or neurological deficits, in order establish a uniform definition for experimental SAH in mice that is in alignment with outcome measures in human studies.
Interactions between anxiety subtypes, personality characteristics, and emotional regulation skills as predictors of future work outcomes
Authors: Chandra Cerella M. , Szwedo David E. , Allen Joseph P. , Narr Rachel K. , Tan Joseph S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study examined long‐term predictive links between different types of anxiety in late adolescence and work‐related outcomes in young adulthood. The presence of adaptive personality traits and positive emotion regulation and coping skills were hypothesized to buffer these associations, reducing the negative effects of anxiety on future work outcomes.MethodsHypotheses were tested using multi‐reporter data from a community sample of 184 youth in the United States followed from ages 17–30. Trait anxiety, anxious arousal, rejection sensitivity, and implicit rejection were each examined in late adolescence as predictors of work‐related ambition, work performance, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction in young adulthood. Conscientiousness, grit, emotion regulation (ER) and coping skills were examined as potential moderators.ResultsAlthough trait anxiety was the only anxiety variable directly predictive of work outcomes in regression analyses, personality variables and ER skills interacted with multiple types of anxiety to predict work outcomes. Interestingly, findings reflected a pattern in which a combination of greater conscientiousness and greater anxiety, and greater ER skills and greater anxiety, predicted more positive work outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings not only suggest that the development of traits such as conscientiousness and ER skills may be helpful for youth with higher levels of anxiety, but also that higher levels of anxiety, when appropriately balanced by other qualities, may be adaptive for promoting positive career development for some youth.
Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio in Androphilic Males and Gynephilic Females Diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria from Iran
Authors: Khorashad Behzad S. , Zucker Kenneth J. , Talaei Ali , Rajabzadeh Farzaneh , Hamed Zahra , Akbarian Pardis , Blanchard Ray 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the effect of older brothers on sexual orientation in male adults diagnosed with gender dysphoria and the effect of older sisters on sexual orientation in female adults diagnosed with gender dysphoria from Iran.

Aim
To assess for the presence of a fraternal birth order effect in transgender androphilic males and a sororal birth order effect in transgender gynephilic females.

Methods
The subjects were 92 transgender males and 107 transgender females (all of whom met the DSM-5 criteria for gender dysphoria), together with 72 male and 78 female clinical controls. All the transgender males were androphilic, all the transgender females were gynephilic (preferentially attracted to members of their own biological sex), and all of the clinical controls were heterosexual (none were transgender or had a diagnosis of gender dysphoria).

Outcomes
In relation to the probands, we analyzed the sibship composition of our groups with regard to birth order and sibling sex ratio (brothers to sisters).

Results
The results for the transgender males confirmed the findings of 2 recent meta-analyses that older brothers increase the odds of androphilia in later-born males. The results for the transgender females did not clearly confirm one previous finding that older sisters increase the odds of gynephilia in later-born females—a finding obtained in a relatively large study that included gynephilic cisgender girls as well as girls diagnosed with gender dysphoria who will probably be predominantly gynephilic.

Clinical Implications
The fraternal (later-born) birth order effect that we found for the transgender androphilic males, similar to that found in gay men, suggests a common underlying causal mechanism.

Strengths and Limitations
Our study on Iranian patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria provides further generalizability for the study of birth order and sibling sex ratio that has, more often than not, been restricted to Western samples of adults diagnosed with gender dysphoria. It would be important to study these variables in Iranian gay men and lesbian women (without gender dysphoria) to further examine evidence for cross-cultural similarities when compared to Western samples.

Conclusions
In contrast to the well-established fraternal birth order effect for males, the possible sororal birth order effect for females needs to be examined with additional samples.
Five decades of radioglaciology
Authors: Schroeder Dustin M. , Bingham Robert G. , Blankenship Donald D. , Christianson Knut , Eisen Olaf , Flowers Gwenn E. , Karlsson Nanna B. , Koutnik Michelle R. , Paden John D. , Siegert Martin J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadar sounding is a powerful geophysical approach for characterizing the subsurface conditions of terrestrial and planetary ice masses at local to global scales. As a result, a wide array of orbital, airborne, ground-based, and in situ instruments, platforms and data analysis approaches for radioglaciology have been developed, applied or proposed. Terrestrially, airborne radar sounding has been used in glaciology to observe ice thickness, basal topography and englacial layers for five decades. More recently, radar sounding data have also been exploited to estimate the extent and configuration of subglacial water, the geometry of subglacial bedforms and the subglacial and englacial thermal states of ice sheets. Planetary radar sounders have observed, or are planned to observe, the subsurfaces and near-surfaces of Mars, Earth's Moon, comets and the icy moons of Jupiter. In this review paper, and the thematic issue of theAnnals of Glaciologyon ‘Five decades of radioglaciology’ to which it belongs, we present recent advances in the fields of radar systems, missions, signal processing, data analysis, modeling and scientific interpretation. Our review presents progress in these fields since the last radio-glaciologicalAnnals of Glaciologyissue of 2014, the context of their history and future prospects.
A Synergistic Approach to Data-Driven Response Planning
Authors: O’Neill Marty , Poole Michael , Mikler Armin R. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTPublic health practitioners face challenging, potentially high-consequence, problems that require computational support. Available computational tools may not adequately fit these problems, thus forcing practitioners to rely on qualitative estimates when making critical decisions. Scientists at the Center for Computational Epidemiology and Response Analysis and practitioners from the Texas Department of State Health Services (TXDSHS) have established a participatory development cycle where public health practitioners work closely with academia to foster the development of data-driven solutions for specific public health problems and to translate these solutions to practice. Tools developed through this cycle have been deployed at TXDSHS offices where they have been used to refine and enhance the region’s medical countermeasure distribution and dispensing capabilities. Consequently, TXDSHS practitioners planning for a 49-county region in North Texas have achieved a 29% reduction in the number of points of dispensing required to complete dispensing to the region within time limitations. Further, an entire receiving, staging, and storing site has been removed from regional plans, thus freeing limited resources (eg, personnel, security, and infrastructure) for other uses. In 2018, planners from Southeast Texas began using these tools to plan for a multi-county, full-scale exercise which was scheduled to be conducted in October 2019.
Reducibility of a class of nonlinear quasi-periodic systems with Liouvillean basic frequencies
Authors: ZHANG DONGFENG , XU JUNXIANG 
Published: March 2020

In this paper we consider the following nonlinear quasi-periodic system:$$\begin{eqnarray}{\dot{x}}=(A+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}P(t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}))x+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}g(t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})+h(x,t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{d},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $A$ is a $d\times d$ constant matrix of elliptic type, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}g(t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ is a small perturbation with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ as a small parameter, $h(x,t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})=O(x^{2})$ as $x\rightarrow 0$, and $P,g$ and $h$ are all analytic quasi-periodic in $t$ with basic frequencies $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}=(1,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ is irrational. It is proved that for most sufficiently small $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$, the system is reducible to the following form: $$\begin{eqnarray}{\dot{x}}=(A+B_{\ast }(t))x+h_{\ast }(x,t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{d},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $h_{\ast }(x,t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})=O(x^{2})~(x\rightarrow 0)$ is a high-order term. Therefore, the system has a quasi-periodic solution with basic frequencies $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}=(1,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$, such that it goes to zero when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ does.