bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and well‐being: Associations among the Big Five domains, metatraits, and three kinds of well‐being in a large sample
Authors: Mann Frank D. , DeYoung Colin G. , Tiberius Valerie , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study estimates associations of the Big Five domains and their metatraits with individual indicators of eudaimonic, hedonic, and social well‐being, as well as broader factors that capture the tendency for these individual indicators to correlate.MethodUsing data from a large sample of adults from the United States, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling was used to verify the factor structure of Big Five personality and well‐being in adulthood. The factor structure of the Big Five domains and well‐being was carried forward to estimate associations between personality and well‐being at each of three assessments and different levels of analysis using structural equation modeling.ResultsAssociations between the Big Five metatraits and well‐being were strong and consistent across the three measurements when the average ages of participants were 46, 54, and 63 years. Similar results were observed whether focused on a fine‐grained or broad level of analysis.ConclusionsFor all types of well‐being, the metatraits accounted for more variance than the Big Five domains, even when the Big Five were operationalized using latent factors, emphasizing the importance of considering this level of analysis when elucidating relations between personality and well‐being.
Shock contagion, asset quality and lending behaviour: The case of war in Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Pham Tho , Talavera Oleksandr , Tsapin Andriy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFocusing on the current geopolitical conflict in Eastern Ukraine, this paper examines the economic impact of military intervention on the banking sector and the contagion which is triggered by this type of negative shock. Our study reveals that banks which issued more loans within conflict areas during the pre‐conflict period were subsequently left with a higher level of non‐performing loans in the non‐conflict markets following the onset of the dispute. This impact can be seen most clearly in the regional markets which are closer geographically to the conflict zone. There is also evidence of the “flight to headquarters” effect in local lending. While banks tend to reduce their credit supply, it is within the regional markets located farther from head offices where the most significant reduction in lending can be observed. Further examination shows that the degree of lending reduction is lesser for politically connected banks and for larger banks. Finally, the negative economic effects of the conflict are long‐lasting but less profound once the ceasefire agreements are reached.
The assembly of β‐barrel membrane proteins by BAM and SAM
Authors: Lundquist Karl , Billings Evan , Bi Maxine , Wellnitz James , Noinaj Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all possess an outer membrane populated with a host of β‐barrel outer‐membrane proteins (βOMPs). These βOMPs play crucial roles in maintaining viability of their hosts, and therefore, it is essential to understand the biogenesis of this class of membrane proteins. In recent years, significant structural and functional advancements have been made toward elucidating this process, which is mediated by the β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM) in Gram‐negative bacteria, and by the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) in mitochondria. Structures of both BAM and SAM have now been reported, allowing a comparison and dissection of the two machineries, with other studies reporting on functional aspects of each. Together, these new insights provide compelling support for the proposed budding mechanism, where each nascent βOMP forms a hybrid‐barrel intermediate with BAM/SAM in route to its biogenesis into the membrane. Here, we will review these recent studies and highlight their contributions toward understanding βOMP biogenesis in Gram‐negative bacteria and in mitochondria. We will also weigh the evidence supporting each of the two leading mechanistic models for how BAM/SAM function, and offer an outlook on future studies within the field.
Hot topic: Thermosensing in plants
Authors: Hayes Scott , Schachtschabel Joëlle , Mishkind Michael , Munnik Teun , Arisz Steven A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat‐regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid‐modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid–liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.
Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review
Authors: Wolf Alexandra , Ueda Kazuo , Hirano Yoji 
Published: December 2020

AimAlthough eye‐tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention‐demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers.MethodsThe protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness.ResultsThe use of modern eye‐tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non‐invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia.ConclusionsEye‐tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome‐based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context‐processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models.
Supplementation of potassium alleviates water stress‐induced changes in Sorghum bicolor L.
Authors: Tittal Megha , Mir Rayees Ahmad , Jatav Keshav Singh , Agarwal Rajiv Mohan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis report discusses water stress‐induced changes and their amelioration by added potassium in Sorghum bicolor L. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, and the activity of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes viz., nitrate reductase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were adversely affected under water stress and restricted irrigation. Osmotic as well as water stress trigger ROS production while potassium ameliorated these changes to some extent and increased the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR and the contents of GSH and AsA. Water stress‐induced changes ultimately reflecting on growth and yield parameters like plant height, biomass yield, grain yield, days to flowering, and days to maturity. Added potassium affected these parameters positively, both under normal and stress conditions, indicating the use of potassium as a tool for mitigating the water stress induced deleterious changes in sorghum to some extent by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency and strengthening the enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant components. The results obtained here exhibited similar trends in seedlings and plants raised in sand cultures and field conditions, making them more meaningful and comprehensible.
Root‐omics for drought tolerance in cool‐season grain legumes
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Sen Gupta Debjyoti , Djalovic Ivica , Kumar Shiv , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRoot traits can be exploited to increase the physiological efficiency of crop water use under drought. Root length, root hairs, root branching, root diameter, and root proliferation rate are genetically defined traits that can help to improve the water productivity potential of crops. Recently, high‐throughput phenotyping techniques/platforms have been used to screen the germplasm of major cool‐season grain legumes for root traits and their impact on different physiological processes, including nutrient uptake and yield potential. Advances in omics approaches have led to the dissection of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic structures of these traits. This knowledge facilitates breeders to improve the water productivity and nutrient uptake of cultivars under limited soil moisture conditions in major cool‐season grain legumes that usually face terminal drought. This review discusses the advances in root traits and their potential for developing drought‐tolerant cultivars in cool‐season grain legumes.
Which digit is larger? Brain responses to number and size interactions in a numerical Stroop task
Authors: Huang Hsu‐Wen , Nascimben Mauro , Wang Ya‐Yi , Fong Dong‐Yang , Tzeng Ovid J.‐L. , Huang Chih‐Mao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen comparing the digits of different physical sizes, the processing of numerical value interacts with the processing of physical size. Given the universal use of Arabic numbers in mathematics and daily life, this study aims to elucidate the cognitive processes involved in the interactions of task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant features during information processing. We investigated this question by examining event‐related potential (ERP) using a modified version of the size congruity comparison, which is a Stroop‐like task. Numerical value and physical size were varied independently under task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant conditions. To better examine how the task‐irrelevant features modulated the processing of the task‐relevant attributes, a neutral condition was included in both tasks. For the physical task, congruent trials showed a less negative N200 response than neutral trials (indicating a facilitation effect), and incongruent trials elicited a larger N450 and smaller late positive complex (LPC) response than neutral trials (indicating an interference effect). For the numerical task, congruent trials showed a larger LPC response than neutral trials (indicating a facilitation effect). These ERP findings indicate that the sources of the facilitation and interference effects appear in different cognitive processes for each task. We further suggest that language characteristics may be a factor in the superior numerical processing exhibited in this study.
Expression and functional analysis of the Follistatin‐like 3 (FSTL3) gene in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle
Authors: He Jianning , Liu Qiuyue , Yu Shunyu , Lei Mengyuan , Liu Jifeng , Di Ran , Ge Zhaojia , Hu Wenping , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Nan , Chu Mingxing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFollistatin‐like 3 (FSTL3) is a regulator of cellular apoptosis and was previously identified via RNA‐Seq to be associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism underlying the FSTL3 regulation of oestrus in sheep remained poorly understood. In this study, the oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in blood were detected, and the expression level and functional analysis of FSTL3 in the ovary were studied during the different reproductive stage in Aohan fine wool sheep (seasonal breeding breed in China). The concentrations of E2 and P4 at the anestrus were significantly lower compared to dioestrus, proestrus and oestrus stages. Higher expression levels of FSTL3 were observed in the sheep ovary, hypothalamus, and thyroid. During different reproductive stages, higher expression levels were found during the stages of dioestrus and proestrus, while lower levels were found during the oestrus and anestrus stages. Functional analysis of FSTL3 was performed in primary granulosa cells (GCs) of sheep. The concentration of E2 increased significantly after RNAi interference of FSTL3, while the P4 level decreased. FSTL3 can decrease P4 levels, which might be involved in mediating oestrous cycle in sheep.
A Spatial Analysis of Property Crime Rates in South Africa
Authors: Mulamba Kabeya Clement 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between two types of property‐related crime and some socio‐economic, demographic and deterrence factors. It employs the conditional autoregressive specification to account for spatial autocorrelation that characterises property‐related crime data, which are aggregated up to the level of municipality. First, the analysis confirms the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the data, which means that neighbouring municipalities exhibit similar levels of property crime rates. In addition, and most importantly, empirical findings show that internal migration, youth and education are important predictors of property‐related crime across municipalities in South Africa for the period under consideration.
Considering multiple levels of influence on adjustment in school: Ethnic–racial public regard, peer socialization, and social‐emotional learning practices
Authors: Hoffman Adam J. , Pullés Stephanie A. , Medina Michael A. , Pinetta Bernardette J. , Rivas‐Drake Deborah , Schaefer David R. , Jagers Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdolescence represents a developmental period of marked increase in the development of ethnic–racial identity (ERI) and the importance and influence of friends. Moreover, scores of studies have revealed that ERI and friendships are influential factors in many different academic and psychosocial outcomes for adolescents. However, the development of these relations between ERI, friendships, and academic and psychosocial adjustment do not occur in a vacuum. One context that likely shapes these relations is the classroom. In the current study, we investigated how ERI and peer socialization were related to academic and social efficacy over time, and how perceptions of social‐emotional learning (SEL) practices in the classroom moderated these relations among 586 American middle school youth. Our analysis tested these hypothesized effects, controlling for potentially confounding the effects of friend selection. Results indicated that more positive ethnic–racial public regard predicted gains in students’ perceived social efficacy with teachers but not their perceived social efficacy with peers or academic efficacy. In the assessment of peer socialization effects, youth became increasingly similar to their peers in regard to academic efficacy, social efficacy with peers, and social efficacy with teachers over time. Moderation analyses indicated that perceptions of greater exposure to SEL practices reduced students’ susceptibility to their friends’ influence in social efficacy with teachers. Together, these results highlight the unique and combined impact of ERI, peer influence, and SEL in the development of adolescents’ social efficacy.
Ideology and Risk Focus: Conservatism and Opinion‐Writing In the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Ballingrud Gordon 
Published: December 2020

Neuroscience proffers evidence that self‐described conservatives have stronger fear responses and aversion to risk than self‐described liberals. Combined with studies showing that judicial ideology drives the content of Supreme Court majority opinions, I argue that conservatism is linked to risk focus in Supreme Court majority opinions. I use the Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software on a sample of Supreme Court majority opinions, and find that conservative opinions score higher on the LIWC dimension called Risk Focus than liberal opinions. This effect is enhanced in criminal procedural cases. If conservative judges’ perceptions of risk are inflated, and if such perceptions are reflected in the binding opinions that they author, then such opinions’ heightened sense of risk may influence the perceptions of risk of lower‐court judges, which may in turn affect their decision‐making in such important areas as sentencing and convictions. Such a pattern raises important questions for the thousands of lower‐court decisions which impact the basic liberties of American citizens.ObjectiveTo determine whether judicial ideology affects the focus on risk of Supreme Court opinions.MethodsOriginal, random sampling of 1200‐1300 Court opinions; use of LIWC software to analyze risk focus of each opinion; regression analysis of ideology on risk focus.ResultsAs ideology becomes more conservative, the Court's opinions demonstrate increased evidence of focus on risk. This effect is pronounced in criminal procedure cases.ConclusionThe theory is supported. Increasingly conservative Court opinions demonstrate an increased focus on risk.
Terrorist Attacks, Stereotyping, and Attitudes Toward Immigrants: The Case of the Manchester Bombing
Authors: Mancosu Moreno , Ferrín Pereira Mònica 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveGrowing research focusing on citizens' psychological reactions to terrorism finds that attacks perpetrated by individuals belonging to Muslim minorities increase negative attitudes toward immigrants as a whole. We argue that this empirical regularity might be explained by stereotyping, which produces immediate emotional reactions among people holding exogenously positive/neutral attitudes toward immigrants.MethodsWe employ a quasi‐experimental before–after design based on the Manchester bombing of May 22, 2017.ResultsEvidence is consistent with the stereotyping effect hypothesis as shown by the temporality of the effect on citizen's attitudes: the effect is indeed strong and significant in the first three days after the attacks for the more cosmopolitan citizens. After four to seven days, however, the effect disappears for every group.ConclusionThe study suggests that the impact of terrorism on public opinion is consistent with a stereotyping effect and therefore, although immediately strong, it lasts very little in time.
HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies of the Korean population and performance characteristics of HLA typing by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Jekarl Dong Wook , Lee Gun Dong , Yoo Jae Bin , Kim Jung Rok , Yu Haein , Yoo Jaeeun , Lim Jihyang , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) identification at the allelic level is important for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) resolves ambiguous alleles by determining the phase of the polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to validate the software for HLA‐SBT (sequence‐based typing), assess Korean allele frequency, and characterise the performance of NGS‐HLA typing.MethodsFrom the 2009 to 2016 registry, 1293 unrelated healthy donors with a complete dataset of previously characterised HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DRB1 loci were selected and assessed for frequency, haplotype inference, and relative linkage disequilibrium. For performance characteristics of NGS‐HLA, alleles included in 1293 cases and ambiguous or alleles assigned as new by SBT‐HLA software, or unassigned alleles were included. A total of 91 and 41 quality control samples resulted in 1056 alleles (132 samples × 4 loci × 2 diploid) for analysis. The GenDx NGSgo kit was used for NGS‐HLA typing using the Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsA panel of 132 samples covered 231 alleles, including 53 HLA‐A, 80 HLA‐B, 43 HLA‐C, and 55 HLA‐DRB1 by HLA‐SBT typing. Comparison of SBT‐HLA and NGS‐HLA typing showed 99.7% (1053/1056) concordance and discrepant cases were resolved by manual evaluation. Typing by NGS resulted in 67 HLA‐A, 112 HLA‐B, 71 HLA‐C, and 72 HLA‐DRB1 alleles. A total of 132 ambiguous, 4 new, and 1 unassigned alleles by HLA‐SBT were resolved by NGS‐HLA typing.ConclusionsNGS‐HLA typing provided robust and conclusive results without ambiguities, and its implementation could support HSCT in clinical settings.
Loss to follow up of pregnant women with HIV and infant HIV outcomes in the prevention of maternal to child transmission of HIV programme in two high-burden provinces in Papua New Guinea: a retrospective clinical audit
Authors: Kelly-Hanku Angela , Nightingale Claire Elizabeth , Pham Minh Duc , Mek Agnes , Homiehombo Primrose , Bagita Mary , Nankinga Justine , Vallely Andrew , Vallely Lisa , Sethy Ghanashyan , Kaldor John , Luchters Stanley 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDespite early adoption of the WHO guidelines to deliver lifelong antiretroviral (ARV) regimen to pregnant women on HIV diagnosis, the HIV prevention of mother to child transmission programme in Papua New Guinea remains suboptimal. An unacceptable number of babies are infected with HIV and mothers not retained in treatment. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of this programme and to investigate the factors associated with programme performance outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical records of HIV-positive pregnant women at two hospitals providing prevention of mother to child transmission services. All women enrolled in the prevention of mother to child transmission programme during the study period (June 2012–June 2015) were eligible for inclusion. Using logistic regression, we examined the factors associated with maternal loss to follow-up (LTFU) before birth and before infant registration in a paediatric ARV programme.Results763 of women had records eligible for inclusion. Demographic and clinical differences existed between women at the two sites. Almost half (45.1%) of the women knew their HIV-positive status prior to the current pregnancy. Multivariate analysis showed that women more likely to be LTFU by the time of birth were younger (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.92, 95% CI 1.16 to 7.63), were newly diagnosed with HIV in the current/most recent pregnancy (AOR=3.50, 95% CI 1.62 to 7.59) and were in an HIV serodiscordant relationship (AOR=2.94, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.84). Factors associated with maternal LTFU before infant registration included being primipara at the time of enrolment (AOR=3.13, 95% CI 1.44 to 6.80) and being newly diagnosed in that current/most recent pregnancy (AOR=2.49, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.73). 6.6% (50 of 763) of exposed infants had a positive HIV DNA test.ConclusionsOur study highlighted predictors of LTFU among women. Understanding these correlates at different stages of the programme offers important insights for targets and timing of greater support for retention in care.