bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucan could be useful to rule out invasive candidiasis in neonates with an adapted cut‐off
Authors: Cliquennois Pauline , Scherdel Pauline , Lavergne Rose‐Anne , Flamant Cyril , Morio Florent , Cohen Jeremie F. , Launay Elise , Gras Le Guen Christele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimWe assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucan (BDG) for neonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC) using the recommended cut‐off usually used in adults for detecting invasive candidiasis and searched for an optimal cut‐off for ruling out NIC.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study at Nantes University medical centre from January 2017 to July 2018. All consecutive newborn infants of less than 28 days of corrected age, with clinically suspected NIC, who underwent BDG assay, were included. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by using the recommended cut‐off of 80 pg/mL. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify an optimal cut‐off value.ResultsWe included 55 newborn infants with 61 episodes of suspected NIC. Their median gestational and chronological ages were 28.0 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 26.4‐34.1) and 10.0 days (IQR 6.0‐22.0), respectively. Of 61 episodes, seven revealed NIC. Sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.1%‐99.6%) and 51.9% (37.8%‐65.7%) with the recommended cut‐off, respectively. An optimal cut‐off of 174 pg/mL offered the same sensitivity but higher specificity 77.8% (64.4%‐88.0%).ConclusionThe recommended cut‐off of 80 pg/mL was probably too low for ruling out NIC. A higher cut‐off might have been more appropriate.
Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID‐19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Dimakakos Evangelos , Poulakou Garyphallia , Stergiou George S. , Syrigos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2020

SummaryEmerging evidence shows that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can be complicated with coagulopathy, namely disseminated intravascular coagulation, which has a rather prothrombotic character with high risk of venous thromboembolism. The incidence of venous thromboembolism among COVID‐19 patients in intensive care units appears to be somewhat higher compared to that reported in other studies including such patients with other disease conditions. D‐dimer might help in early recognition of these high‐risk patients and also predict outcome. Preliminary data show that in patients with severe COVID‐19, anticoagulant therapy appears to be associated with lower mortality in the subpopulation meeting sepsis‐induced coagulopathy criteria or with markedly elevated d‐dimer. Recent recommendations suggest that all hospitalized COVID‐19 patients should receive thromboprophylaxis, or full therapeutic‐intensity anticoagulation if such an indication is present.
Architecture of the evaporite accumulation and salt structures dynamics in Tiddlybanken Basin, southeastern Norwegian Barents Sea
Authors: Hassaan Muhammad , Faleide Jan I. , Gabrielsen Roy H. , Tsikalas Filippos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn extensive, reprocessed two‐dimensional (2D) seismic data set was utilized together with available well data to study the Tiddlybanken Basin in the southeastern Norwegian Barents Sea, which is revealed to be an excellent example of base salt rift structures, evaporite accumulations and evolution of salt structures. Late Devonian–early Carboniferous NE‐SW regional extensional stress affected the study area and gave rise to three half‐grabens that are separated by a NW‐SE to NNW‐SSE trending horst and an affiliated interference transfer zone. The arcuate nature of the horst is believed to be the effect of pre‐existing Timanian basement grain, whereas the interference zone formed due to the combined effect of a Timanian (basement) lineament and the geometrical arrangement of the opposing master faults. The interference transfer zone acted as a physical barrier, controlling the facies distribution and sedimentary thickness of three‐layered evaporitic sequences (LES). During the late Triassic, the northwestern part of a salt wall was developed due to passive diapirism and its evolution was influenced by halite lithology between the three‐LES. The central and southeastern parts of the salt wall did not progress beyond the pedestal stage due to lack of halite in the deepest evaporitic sequence. During the Triassic–Jurassic transition, far‐field stresses from the Novaya Zemlya fold‐and‐thrust belt reactivated the pre‐salt Carboniferous rift structures. The reactivation led to the development of the Signalhorn Dome, rejuvenated the northwestern part of the salt wall and affected the sedimentation rates in the southeastern broad basin. The salt wall together with the Signalhorn Dome and the Carboniferous pre‐salt structures were again reactivated during post‐Early Cretaceous, in response to regional compressional stresses. During this main tectonic inversion phase, the northwestern and southeastern parts of the salt wall were rejuvenated; however, salt reactivation was minimized towards the interference transfer zone beneath the centre of the salt wall.
Immune‐checkpoint molecules on regulatory T‐cells as a potential therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell cancers
Authors: Suzuki Susumu , Ogawa Tetsuya , Sano Rui , Takahara Taishi , Inukai Daisuke , Akira Satou , Tsuchida Hiromi , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Ueda Ryuzo , Tsuzuki Toyonori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImmune‐checkpoint inhibitors improve the survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Although recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has critical roles in immunotherapy, the precise mechanisms involved are unclear. Therefore, further investigations of TIME are required for the improvement of immunotherapy. The frequency of effector regulatory T‐cells (eTregs) and the expression of immune‐checkpoint molecules (ICM) on eTregs and conventional T‐cells (Tconvs) both in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from HNSCC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and their distributions were evaluated by multi‐color immunofluorescence microscopy. High frequency eTreg infiltration into HNSCC tissues was observed and high expressions of CD25, FOXP3, stimulatory‐ICM (4‐1BB, ICOS, OX40 and GITR) and inhibitory‐ICM (programmed cell death‐1 [PD‐1] and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 [CTLA‐4]) were found on invasive eTregs. In contrast, the expression of stimulatory‐ICM on Tconvs was low and the expression of inhibitory‐ICM was high. In addition, ICM‐ligands (programmed cell death‐1 [PD‐L1], galectin‐9 and CEACAM‐1) were frequently expressed on cancer cells. PD‐L1 and galectin‐9 were also expressed on macrophages. PD‐1+ T‐cells interacted with PD‐L1+ cancer cells or PD‐L1+ macrophages. This suggested that in TIL, eTregs are highly activated, but Tconvs are exhausted or inactivated by eTregs and immune‐checkpoint systems, and ICM and eTregs are strongly involved in the creation of an immunosuppressive environment in HNSCC tissues. These suggested eTreg targeting drugs are expected to be a combination partner with immune‐checkpoint inhibitors that will improve immunotherapy of HNSCC.
Cytotoxic effects of vitamins K1, K2, and K3 against human T lymphoblastoid leukemia cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Xu Wencheng , Wu Hongguang , Chen Shuhe , Wang Xiaoqin , Tanaka Sachiko , Sugiyama Kentaro , Yamada Haruki , Hirano Toshihiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate cytotoxic effects of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), vitamin K2 (menaquinones), and vitamin K3 (menadione) against human T lymphoblastoid leukemia cells, Jurkat T cells, MOLT‐4 cells, and P‐glycoprotein‐expressing multidrug‐resistant MOLT‐4/DNR cells. Vitamins K2 and K3, but not vitamin K1, reduced viabilities of Jurkat, MOLT‐4, and MOLT‐4/DNR cells. The influence potency of vitamin K3 was larger than that of vitamin K2 in all of the three cell lines. MOLT‐4/DNR cells seemed to be more sensitive toward the effects of vitamins K2 and K3. The cytotoxicity of vitamins K2 and K3 on these leukemia cells seems to be related to apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Vitamin K2 and K3 treatment induced cleavage of PARP obviously. Moreover, vitamins K2 and K3 specifically down‐regulated the expressions of cyclin A2 in all of the three cell lines. However, the effects of vitamins K2 and K3 on the cell cycle profiling in Jurkat, MOLT‐4, and MOLT‐4/DNR cells varied with the cell type. Vitamins K2 and K3 also decreased the viability of mitogen‐activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our observations suggest that vitamins K2 and K3 have bilateral cytotoxic effects on activated human peripheral lymphocytes and the human leukemic T cells.
Information‐rich wheat markets in the early days of COVID‐19
Authors: Vercammen James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper uses the information implicit in commodity futures and options prices to infer market beliefs about the impact of early‐stages COVID‐19 on commodity market fundamentals. The particular commodity examined is soft red winter (SRW) wheat, and the timeframe is early February to late March 2020. The analysis highlights various adjustments in the cash and futures price of SRW wheat in light of surging short‐run demand from consumer hoarding of staple food products, and a weakening long‐run market from growing wheat stocks and an emerging global recession. This split is causing the forward curve to flatten and basis levels to invert. The change over time in the price of options on wheat futures reveals increased price volatility in response to growing uncertainty about the COVID‐19 impacts. Similarly, changes in the skewness of the option's volatility smile illustrate a shift in traders’ perception about risk in the right versus left tail of the price distribution.
Best treatments available for distal acquired lacrimal obstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Nonis Alessandro , Giordano Resti Antonio , Bussi Mario , Trimarchi Matteo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpiphora is a common clinical sign whose primary cause is post‐canalicular lacrimal obstruction. Treatment is both surgical and non‐surgical. In the literature, there is some evidence to suggest that some treatments are superior to others, but there are no direct comparative data in this regard.Objective of reviewTo analyse the success rates of all available treatments to resolve post‐canalicular acquired lacrimal obstruction.Type of review:Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Search strategy:A literature search was conducted in the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases with a final search performed in January 2020.Evaluation method:The search strategy identified articles published later than 2000 with at least 50 procedures performed both surgically (external dacryocystorhinostomy [EXT‐DCR], endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy [END‐DCR] and transcanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy [TCL‐DCR]) and non‐surgically (balloon dacryoplasty [DCP], probing‐stenting [SP] and polyurethane stent [PoS]). The primary outcome was functional success, defined as symptom resolution or less than MUNK 2 scale; in addition to this, the influence of adjunctive treatments, such as application of mitomycin C and post‐procedural silicone stenting, was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 14 958 papers were selected, 440 of which were reviewed after screening; 55 were included after full‐text review, which involved 9337 procedures. Mean success rate was 48.9% (35.7%‐62.3%) for DCP, 54.4% (41.8%‐66.5%) for SP, 73.6% (59.7%‐84%) for PoS, 80% (75.1%‐84%) for TCL‐DCR, 89.8% (83.3%‐93.9%) for EXT‐DCR and 89.5% (87.2%‐91.5%) for END‐DCR. Among all procedures, a difference was noted between DCP and END‐DCR (P < .001), DCP and EXT‐DCR (P < .001), SP and END‐DCR (P < .001), SP and EXT‐DCR (P < .001), END‐DCR and PoS (P = .016), and END‐DCR and TCL‐DCR (P = .001); no differences were noted between END‐DCR and EXT‐DCR (P = 1.00), EXT‐DCR and PoS (P = .121) and EXT‐DCR and TCL‐DCR (P = .223). Considering surgical procedures, no differences were seen if a silicone stenting was applied, whereas, due to heterogeneity of the literature data, no statistical analysis was feasible for application of mitomycin C.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest that, among all procedures available, END‐DCR and EXT‐DCR should be considered as treatments of choice to resolve distal acquired lacrimal obstruction.
Influence of dose and antiepileptic comedication on brivaracetam serum concentrations in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Hagemann Anne , Klimpel Dennis , Bien Christian G. , Brandt Christian , May Theodor W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on brivaracetam (BRV) trough serum concentrations. A total number of 368 routinely collected blood samples from 148 inpatients from Mara Hospital (Bethel Epilepsy Center) and von Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel were retrospectively evaluated. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used for statistical analysis. GEE analyses showed that BRV trough serum concentrations were significantly lower in patients with strong enzyme‐inducing AEDs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, and/or phenobarbital/primidone, −49%), but were not affected by concomitant intake of oxcarbazepine or eslicarbazepine. Age and gender did not have a significant effect. An alternative GEE model analyzing the BRV level‐to‐dose ratios yielded comparable results. Our results from routine therapeutic drug monitoring data indicate that the effect of enzyme‐inducing AEDs on BRV serum concentrations is stronger than the 20%‐30% reduction in BRV exposure previously reported in pharmacokinetics studies. Further research is necessary to evaluate these differences and to elucidate possible clinical consequences.
Spray dryer processed graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance supercapacitor
Authors: Karakoti Manoj , Jangra Ritu , Pandey Sandeep , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Dhali Sunil , Mahendia Suman , Singh Pramod K , Sahoo Nanda Gopal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study deals with the utility of mini spray dryer process to improve the dispersibility, of graphene oxide(GO) and its application for high‐performance supercapacitor. Initially, the neutral solution of GO was obtained using the modified Hummer's method. After this, the prepared GO solution was processed by mini spray dryer to obtain a more purified, lighter, and dispersed form of GO which is named as spray dryer processed GO (SPGO). The SPGO thus obtained showed excellent dispersibility behavior with various solvents, which is not found in case of conventional oven drying. Furthermore, utility of SPGO and its reduced form (r‐SPGO) for supercapacitor applications have been investigated. Results obtained from the cyclic voltammetry(CV) analysis, impedance, and charge‐discharge behavior of supercapacitor fabricated using r‐SPGO shows enhanced features. Therefore, the simple spray dried GO and its reduced form, that is, r‐SPGO can be utilized as a potential candidate for the supercapacitor application. Herein, as synthesized SPGO exhibited the specific capacitance of 12.07 and 37.6 F/g with PVA‐H3PO4 and 1 mol/L H3PO4, respectively, at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. On the other hand, reduced form of SPGO, that is, r‐SPGO showed the specific capacitance of 27.16 and 230 F/g with PVA‐H3PO4 and 1 mol/L H3PO4, respectively.
Borderline personality disorder in a community setting: service users' experiences of the therapeutic relationship with mental health nurses
Authors: Romeu‐Labayen Maria , Rigol Cuadra Maria Assumpta , Galbany‐Estragués Paola , Blanco Corbal Serafín , Giralt Palou Rosa Maria , Tort‐Nasarre Glòria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeople with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from severe symptoms and crises that put their lives at risk. BPD’s symptoms make it difficult for nurses to establish good therapeutic relationships with people who suffer from it, thus hindering their recovery and contributing to stigma. We explored the experiences of people with BPD who were under the care of mental health nurses at a community mental health centre and who reported a reduction in distress. Our goal was to identify the actions and psychotherapeutic factors of the therapeutic relationship that people with BPD considered to be useful in their recovery. Our qualitative approach made it possible for us to learn about individual experiences and meanings and describe the perception of participants. Our sample included 12 participants. Data consisted of qualitative interviews with all participants and nursing records for six of the participants. We conducted an inductive thematic content analysis, resulting in a hierarchical system of subthemes and themes. We found that participants considered the following psychotherapeutic actions to be useful in recovery: learning about the disorder, building trust, and being empowered through validation.
Pharmacokinetics of extended‐release ivermectin microspheres after oral administration to healthy pigs
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Shen , Qiu Yangyang , Yu Yang , Zhang Yunxiao , Huang Xianhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe compared the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin premix and ivermectin microspheres in pigs after single and multiple administration regimes. In the single‐dose experiments, 24 piglets were randomly divided into three groups and given ivermectin at 0.3 mg/kg using (a) 1.0% ivermectin administered subcutaneously, (b) 0.25% ivermectin premix orally, and (c) 0.25% ivermectin microspheres orally. In the multiple‐dose experiment, 6 pigs in two equal groups received ivermectin premix and microspheres orally at 0.3 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days to monitor the valley plasma levels. The plasma samples were detected by fluorescence high‐performance liquid chromatography, and concentration–time data were fitted to a noncompartmental model. After oral administration of ivermectin microspheres at a single dose, the elimination rate constant (Kel), the half‐life (t1/2), the peak time (Tmax), the mean residence time (MRT), and the peak concentration (Cmax) were 0.012 ± 0.0031/hr, 59.94 ± 20.18 hr, 9.50 ± 0.93 hr, 55.96 ± 11.40 hr, and 37.75 ± 3.45 ng/ml, respectively. The Cmax of microspheres was not statistically different (p > .05) compared with that of premix groups (39.81 ± 5.83 ng/ml). Moreover, the AUC of the microcapsule groups was increased from 1,129.76 ± 245.62 to 1,607.33 ± 343.35 hr ng/ml compared with the premix groups, and the relative bioavailability increased by an average of 17.53% after oral administration with ivermectin microspheres. Multiple‐dose administration also indicated pigs fed with ivermectin microspheres can get a higher minimum steady‐state concentration and a longer maintenance time than ivermectin premix.
Maternal antiviral treatment safeguards infants from hepatitis B transmission in contingencies of delayed immunoprophylaxis
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jie , Yu Yiqi , Qiu Chao , Li Zhonghua , Ling Qi , Zhang Guocui , Li Li , Gong Yinhua , Lu Qing , Cao Lifeng , Gu Ting , Wang Xin , Zhang Miaoqu , Zhang Qiran , Zhang Hanyue , Xu Bin , Shao Lingyun , Pu Yonglan , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsEffectiveness of maternal antiviral prophylaxis in mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been extensively explored in studies where standard immunoprophylaxis is well secured to the newborns. This real‐world study aims to test if maternal antiviral prophylaxis can safeguard the newborn when immunoprophylaxis administration was delayed or missed.MethodsHepatitis B surface antigen‐positive pregnant women were categorized into mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥2 × 105 IU/mL receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue during the third trimester; mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥2 × 105 IU/mL without antiviral treatment; and those with HBV DNA levels <2 × 105 IU/mL without antiviral treatment. The immunoprophylaxis procedure was collected and verified by the delivery medical document and logbook of biological product usage. The primary end point was the rate of chronic HBV infection (CHB) in infants.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2017, 251 mother‐child pairs were enrolled. Among 187 infants of mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥2 × 105 IU/mL, none developed CHB when mothers received antiviral treatment, as compared to 13.0% (10/77) of infants born to untreated mothers (P < .001). None of the infants of mothers with HBV DNA levels <2 × 105 IU/mL were infected. Stratified by the time of immunoprophylaxis administration after birth, maternal antiviral prophylaxis predominately benefited infants who failed to receive immunoprophylaxis within 24 hours (100% [6/6] vs 0% [0/2], P = .036) and those who received delayed immunoprophylaxis between 2 and 24 hours (18.8% [3/16] vs 0% [0/32], P = .032).ConclusionsAntiviral prophylaxis in high viraemic mothers is effective in contingencies of missed or delayed neonatal immunoprophylaxis.
The dynamics of de‐delegation: A principal–agent explanation of the reversal of private authority in international sport governance
Authors: Geeraert Arnout , Drieskens Edith 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhat explains the reversal of transnational private rule‐making authority? Embedding constructivist insights within a rational principal–agent model, this article advances a five‐step sequential process that nuances the traditional explanation of delegitimation. It argues that entrepreneurs must first successfully promote the belief that the high costs of ineffective private policies follow from the private rule‐setter's flawed institutional attributes. Subsequently, a de‐delegation solution that minimizes transaction and uncertainty costs must be proposed. The examination of two cases in the field of international sport governance, namely the deliberate reversal of private authority in anti‐doping governance and the lack thereof in anti‐match‐fixing governance, lends support to these propositions. It sheds new light on the creation of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) and explains why there will probably be no counterpart to fight match‐fixing.
Interest rate volatility and macroeconomic dynamics: Heterogeneity matters
Authors: Curran Michael , Velic Adnan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examine the relation between real interest rate volatility and aggregate fluctuations for a diverse sample of countries. Compiling a new dataset including emerging and advanced countries, the substantial variation in our data yields novel results: (a) stochastic volatility outperforms Markov‐switching in representing interest rates, (b) some advanced economies can be more volatile than emerging markets, and (c) creditors take on more debt following volatility shocks. We show how an equilibrium business cycle model with uncertainty shocks can generate these facts. Sample heterogeneity produces significant parameter differences, playing an important role in distinguishing the effects of volatility shocks.