bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pastoral Epistles: Common Themes, Individual Compositions. Concluding Reflections
Authors: Porter Stanley E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This article responds to the five major presenters at the ETF Pastoral Epistles Symposium along several lines. I begin by introducing the importance of discussion of the Pastoral Epistles within the context of Continental European scholarship. The article is then divided into three substantive sections. The first identifies various common themes found within the five articles. These are related especially to matters of authorship as they pertain to accounting for variation among the letters. This variation is usually correlated with authorship, but more recent discussion regarding genre/register is also considered. A second section offers a brief summary and critique of each of the five articles, attempting to put each contribution within the context of the wider discussion. A third section offers summative observations.
Geology, Structure, and Radiometric Age Determination of the Murowa Kimberlites, Zimbabwe
Authors: Moss S. , Marten B. E. , Felgate M. , Smith C. B. , Chimuka L. , Matchan E. L. , Phillips D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Murowa kimberlite field includes three diamondiferous kimberlite pipes (K1, K2, and K3) and multiple kimberlite dikes that have been emplaced into the Archean Chibi granite batholith north of the Limpopo belt in south-central Zimbabwe. Here we summarize the key aspects of the geology of the Murowa kimberlites from previous studies and integrate these findings with new structural data to interpret a structural model governing the locations, relative positions, and orientations of emplaced kimberlite. Key observations of drill core, thin section petrography, geochemistry, and mapping of exposed rocks at the Murowa diamond mine are summarized from previous work, and these data collectively form the basis for emplacement interpretations and threedimensional (3-D) geologic models of each body. Structural observations are used to interpret the presence of a km-scale tensile bridge hosting the Murowa kimberlites and suggest Murowa is an example of kimberlite emplacement into multiple, reactivated, preexisting near-surface structures at different orientations. We propose that the physical state of the ascending magma (% of gas, extent of phase separation) can dictate whether kimberlite is emplaced along preexisting structures or creates and intrudes new fracture networks in planes of weak horizontal stress. A reproducible age of ~526 Ma is determined for two coherent kimberlite dikes at K1, while an older Rb-Sr model age of ~543 Ma is calculated for a single dike from K2, though this result is of limited reliability due to potential disturbance of the Rb-Sr system due to phlogopite alteration. These results highlight potential problems with reported ages from kimberlite pipes.
Tinha uma pedra: interlocuções entre o ensino de história e a história pública na implementação da lei 11.645-08
Authors: Pires Maria de Fátima Barbosa 
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho pretende discutir os novos horizontes, os desafios e possibilidades para o historiador, em áreas de fronteiras, em uma perspectiva exploratória do campo da História Pública. O Ensino de História pode ser compreendido em diálogo com este campo, na medida em que contribui para divulgação dos saberes históricos. Pretende também demonstrar algumas potencialidades da História Pública na implementação da lei 11.645-08, por meio da realização de aulas no formato de oficinas, com estudantes de oitavo e nono ano do ensino funadamental na Escola Municipal Altivo César, situada no bairro do Barreto em Niterói (RJ). Estas oficinas foram propostas a partir das contribuições teóricas e conceituais da teoria intercultural, considerando-se as especificiades da produção do conhecimento histórico escolar, com vistas a problematização da questão cultural brasileira e seus tensionamentos a partir dos processos colonizatórios. No ano em que se iniciou a pesquisa, a escola de samba Unidos da Viradouro, bradou pela identidade local de Niterói, (que em tupi guarani significa “águas escondidas”) possibilitando aproximações entre os estudantes e as narrativas invisibilizadas em sua própria cidade em versos carnavalescos na Sapucaí. A Pedra de Itapuca constitui-se como uma dessas narrativas e será explorada neste artigo como demonstrativa das relações estabelecidas entre o Ensino de História e a História Pública, esta capaz de nos auxiliar na problemática que corresponde a outra pedra no meio do caminho: a sala de aula não é mais hegemônica no acesso aos conhecimentos. A metodologia adotada foi a de uma abordagem qualitativa, na pesquisa-ação, com a intenção de descrever e analisar os caminhos possíveis para implementação desta lei.
Semantic Parameters to Manage an Innovation Network Using Managing as Designing Approach: The Virtual Innovation Society Network Case
Authors: Gattaz Cristiane Chaves , Cruvinel Paulo Estevão , Piscopo Marcos Roberto 
Published: February 2020

The most recent operations and management frameworks in innovation have not been complete to explicit required knowledge to manage the cooperation of its networked open innovation value chain in the knowledge economy and open enterprise. Strategic actors from the Virtual Innovation Society network were interviewed to identify critical semantic parameters that address this issue. As a result, this study suggests the characterization of inter-dependent added-values and its performance metrics, under the “managing as designing” approach, as input for managing the externalities, the integration of the articulation between business operations, strategy and information technology, and waste of innovation. In this context, the identification of the main managerial indicators for future command and control of existing innovation network operations under the “managing as designing” approach becomes a new challenge for future research. Keywords: Managing as Designing; Innovation Management; Network Managament; Operations Management; Virtual Networks.
Technology transfer offices as promoters of technology, innovation and regional development in mexico
Authors: Beltran Luis Felipe , Almendarez Marco Antonio , Flores Victor Hugo , Trejo Karla Suzeth , Lagunas Magdalena , Ortega Alfredo 
Published: February 2020

Objective of the study: The main objective of this research work was to analyze the importance of a Technology Transfer Office (TTO) as an innovation promoter in regional development in Mexico. Methodology/Approach: An analysis bibliographic was used, application of surveys and generation of indexes. In 2014, a survey was applied to 131 TTOs to measure their impacts.Originality/Relevance: To perform this analysis, we used a self-generated indicator, an index that measures the degree of specialization by geographic region and economic sector, using indicators of regional agglomeration as a basis. The agglomeration model generated was composed of national patent applications, international patents, utility models, industrial designs, and trade secrets.Main results: The results by geographical area in Mexico, were the Northwest, specializing in aquaculture, fisheries, aeronautics and agriculture; the Northeast, in biotechnology, chemistry and metallurgy mechanics; the Center, in automobile, energy, and software; the West, in aerospace, automobile, chemistry and metallurgy mechanics; the Southeast, in food industry, construction, and mining.Theoretical/methodological contributions: We found that the specialization of the TTOs among the various productive sectors in Mexico has contributed to the highest rates of growth in patent registration in the Latin American region.Social/management contributions: Although contributions generated in protecting intellectual property at international level are still insufficient, we believe we are on the right track. At least Mexico started to generate the innovation ecosystem that other countries began four decades ago.
Évaluation du niveau de contamination par les éléments traces métalliques (cadmium, cuivre, nickel et zinc) des sédiments de l’oued Boumerzoug et ses affluents, et leur transfert vers la chénopodiacée spinacia oleracea (L.)
Authors: Keddari Dounia , Afri-Mehennaoui Fatima-Zohra , Smatti-Hamza Imane , Djeddi Hamssa , Sahli Leila , Mehennaoui Smail 
Published: February 2020

L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la distribution de quatre éléments traces métalliques (ETM), cadmium, cuivre, nickel et zinc, dans les différentes parties anatomiques (racines et feuilles) d’une chénopodiacée Spinacia oleracea (L.), en lien avec le niveau de contamination des sédiments où elle pousse, de l’oued Boumerzoug et ses affluents. Localisé dans le Constantinois au nord-est de l’Algérie, l’oued draine un bassin versant de 1 832 km2 avec ses zones urbaines et industrielles. Cette étude inclut 14 stations, 5 situées sur l’oued Boumerzoug et 9 sur ses affluents, sélectionnées en des lieux stratégiques et échantillonnées cinq fois au mois de mai, septembre et décembre 2016, ainsi qu’en mars et juillet 2017. Les teneurs moyennes des ETM des sédiments sont de 0,44 ± 0,30 mg∙kg-1 (masse sèche) pour Cd, 43,61 ± 36,45 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Cu, 35,16 ± 9,85 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Ni et 181,33 ± 115,12 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Zn. Le transfert des ETM a été étudié chez l’épinard S. oleracea dont les différentes parties accumulent différemment les métaux. Les concentrations des ETM dans les sédiments et la chénopodiacée sont très variables aussi bien dans l’espace que dans le temps. Nos résultats montrent que la chénopodiacée séquestre dans ses racines le Cd, le Cu et le Ni, alors que le Zn est transloqué vers les feuilles. La hiérarchie des teneurs moyennes en métaux dans les épinards (Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Cd) est similaire à celle des sédiments.
Proteomic similarity of the Littorinid snails in the evolutionary context
Authors: Maltseva Arina L. , Varfolomeeva Marina A. , Lobov Arseniy A. , Tikanova Polina , Panova Marina , Mikhailova Natalia A. , Granovitch Andrei I. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe introduction of DNA-based molecular markers made a revolution in biological systematics. However, in cases of very recent divergence events, the neutral divergence may be too slow, and the analysis of adaptive part of the genome is more informative to reconstruct the recent evolutionary history of young species. The advantage of proteomics is its ability to reflect the biochemical machinery of life. It may help both to identify rapidly evolving genes and to interpret their functions.MethodsHere we applied a comparative gel-based proteomic analysis to several species from the gastropod family Littorinidae. Proteomes were clustered to assess differences related to species, geographic location, sex and body part, using data on presence/absence of proteins in samples and data on protein occurrence frequency in samples of different species. Cluster support was assessed using multiscale bootstrap resampling and the stability of clustering—using cluster-wise index of cluster stability. Taxon-specific protein markers were derived using IndVal method. Proteomic trees were compared to consensus phylogenetic tree (based on neutral genetic markers) using estimates of the Robinson–Foulds distance, the Fowlkes–Mallows index and cophenetic correlation.ResultsOverall, the DNA-based phylogenetic tree and the proteomic similarity tree had consistent topologies. Further, we observed some interesting deviations of the proteomic littorinid tree from the neutral expectations. (1) There were signs of molecular parallelism in twoLittorariaspecies that phylogenetically are quite distant, but live in similar habitats. (2) Proteome divergence was unexpectedly high between very closely relatedLittorina fabalisandL. obtusata, possibly reflecting their ecology-driven divergence. (3) Conservative house-keeping proteins were usually identified as markers for cryptic species groups (“saxatilis” and “obtusata” groups in theLittorinagenus) and for genera (LittorariaandEchinolittorinaspecies pairs), while metabolic enzymes and stress-related proteins (both potentially adaptively important) were often identified as markers supporting species branches. (4) In all fiveLittorinaspecies British populations were separated from the European mainland populations, possibly reflecting their recent phylogeographic history. Altogether our study shows that proteomic data, when interpreted in the context of DNA-based phylogeny, can bring additional information on the evolutionary history of species.
The newly developed genomic-SSR markers uncover the genetic characteristics and relationships of olive accessions
Authors: Li Danyang , Long Cui , Pang Xiaoming , Ning Delu , Wu Tao , Dong Mingliang , Han Xiaoning , Guo Huihong 
Published: February 2020

Background
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an important oil and fruit crop worldwide, owning a rich germplasm with a large number of cultivars. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are excellent markers and have been used for the identification of olive cultivars. However, the limited number of SSR markers and the occurrence of confusion on the names of cultivars, as well as the possible appearance of clonal variation make it difficult to identify cultivars and interpret relationships among olive cultivars.

Method
SSR markers were designed based on trinucleotide repeat sequences by screening the whole genome of olive, and the polymorphic SSR markers were developed that were applied to the identification of 53 olive accessions. The genetic characteristics and relationships of these olive accessions were evaluated based on the developed SSR markers.

Results
Twenty-one highly polymorphic genomic-SSR markers were developed, covering most chromosomes of olive. These SSR markers could well distinguish all 53 olive accessions, confirming their effectiveness. DNA fingerprints of the 53 olive accessions were constructed based on the 21 SSR markers. The dendrogram clearly divided the tested accessions into two main groups, which was also supported by the results of principal coordinate analysis. A total of 31 private alleles were detected in 15 olive accessions, which reflected the genetic diversity within 53 olive accessions to some extent. Six homonymy cases were also clarified by genetic analysis. These results suggest that the newly developed olive SSR markers are informative for the exploitation, preservation and breeding of olive.
Utilization of Telang Leaf Meal as Antioxidant Source in Feed of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Ericson Muhammad Donny , . Junianto , . Rosidah 
Published: February 2020

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effective percentage of telang leaf meal on feed to increase antioxidant levels in tilapia liver feed.
Study Design: A total of 12 aquariums with sizes 60 x 40 x 40 cm3and volume 96 L prepared and filled with 30 L water. Heater was installed and the temperature was raised slowly until it reached 34℃. Feed in the form of a mixture of telang leaf flour and commercial feed was given 3 times a day according to treatment and with the provisions of 3% of body weight of fish per day. Analysis of antioxidant levels was analyzed from the content of the superoxide dismutase enzyme as an antioxidant bioindicator in the body of the fish.
Place and Duration of Study: The cultivation was carried out at Ciparanje Hatchery and Fisheries Area, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran and Dismutase Superoxide Level Analysis was carried out at the Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran in June and July 2019.
Methodology: This research was carried out by giving high temperatures as a source of stress, for 40 days. Tilapia were given a mixture of telang leaf meal as a source of anti-oxidants. At the end of research, Test liver fish taken superoxide dismutase levels were observed and analyzed descriptively. Daily growth and survival rate of fish were analysed using F test at 5% level, and if there were significant differences, Duncan's test was performed.
Results: By giving heat stress continuously for 40 days the result is obtained the highest average superoxide dismutase level in treatment B (telang leaf meal 5%) as much -0.92 inhibition and lowest in treatment D (telang leaf meal 15%). A decrease in SOD levels identifies a decrease in antioxidant activity in the body of Tilapia. Daily growth rate obtained showed no significant difference. The fish will continue to grow but not as rapidly, because tilapia utilize protein up to 40% of commercial feed used to repair cells damaged during stressful periods and as a source of energy. Survival of fish decreases with increasing concentration of telang leaf flour, where the feed given has been mixed and resulted in the fish's response to the feed decreases, consequently not only the fish adapted to the environment, fish also adapt to new types of feed.
Conclusion: Based on the results of research that has been done then conclusions can be drawn that the addition of telang leaf mealup to 15% in commercial feed by giving heat stress since the beginning of the culture period does not provide an effect of increasing antioxidant levels.
Assessment of Risk Behaviors for HIV Infection among Undergraduate Students at a Historically Black University
Authors: Andrew Prince Onyekachi , Bhuiyan Azad , Sung Jung Hye , Mawson Anthony , Shahbazi Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare risk behaviors for HIV Infection among undergraduate students by gender at a historically black university.
Study Design: A cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from January 10, 2016 to September 30, 2016. Participants were selected through convenience sampling among undergraduate students of Jackson State University (JSU).
Methodology: Sample: We included 400 undergraduate students (141 males, 259 females; age range 18-57 years). Data were collected using a validated self-administered standardized questionnaire that was designed to measure their risk behaviors for HIV Infection.
Results: Over seventy five percent of undergraduate students in this study have had at least one risk behavior related to HIV infection transmission. The engagement of these students in HIV sexual risk behaviors were not varied by gender (Chi-square test = 2.76; P = 0.1). However, participants engaged in various risk behaviors related to HIV infection transmission such as multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, low and inconsistent condom use.
Conclusion: We concluded that about 75.8% of the students have had at least one risk behavior related to HIV infection and engaged in various risk behaviors related to HIV infection transmission. The engagement of these students in HIV sexual risk behaviors were not varied by gender. This investigation calls for sustained effective youth appealing interventions tailored toward addressing various risk behaviors identified in this study.
Zero Trans Fats
Authors: List Gary R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrans fat nutrition labeling has revolutionized the food industry. Catalytic hydrogenation has been the backbone of the edible industry for decades. However, significant amounts of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are formed through isomerization of double bonds within the triacylgylcerols. Since dietary fats including TFAs, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol have been implicated as having adverse effects on blood serum cholesterol levels, risk factors for coronary heart disease and numerous other diseases and afflictions may be increased. This article reviews the processing technologies developed in response to the Nutrition Education Labeling Act (NELA) enacted by the Congress in 1990 and the final TFA rule of 2003.
Complement evasion by the human respiratory tract pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
Authors: Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: February 2020

All infective bacterial species need to conquer the innate immune system in order to colonize and survive in their hosts. The human respiratory pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are no exceptions and have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade complement‐mediated killing. Both bacterial species carry lipooligosaccharides preventing complement attacks and attract and utilize host complement regulators C4b binding protein and factor H to inhibit the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, respectively. In addition, the regulator of the terminal pathway of complement activation, vitronectin, is hijacked by both bacteria. An array of different outer membrane proteins (OMP) in H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis simultaneously binds complement regulators, but also plasminogen. Several of the bacterial complement‐binding proteins are important adhesins and contain highly conserved regions for interactions with the host. Thus, some of the OMP are viable targets for new therapeutics, including vaccines aimed at preventing respiratory tract diseases such as otitis media in children and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Independent review of 4DCT scans used for SABR treatment planning
Authors: Antony Rachitha , Lonski Peta , Ungureanu Elena , Hardcastle Nicholas , Yeo Adam , Siva Shankar , Kron Tomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFour‐dimensional computerized tomography (4DCT) is required for stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) of mobile targets to account for tumor motion during treatment planning and delivery. In this study, we report on the impact of an image review quality assurance process performed prior to treatment planning by medical physicists for 4DCT scans used for SABR treatment. Reviews were performed of 211 4DCT scans (193 patients) over a 3‐yr period (October 2014 to October 2017). Treatment sites included lung (n = 168), kidney/adrenal/adrenal gland (n = 12), rib (n = 4), mediastinum (n = 10), liver (n = 2), T‐spine (n = 1), and other abdominal sites (n = 14). It was found that in 23% (n = 49) of cases patient management was altered due to the review process. The most frequent intervention involved patient‐specific contouring advice (n = 35 cases, 17%) including adjustment of internal target volume (ITV) margins. In 13 cases (6%) a rescan was requested due to extensive motion artifact rendering the scan inadequate for SABR treatment planning. 4DCT review by medical physicists was found to be an effective method to improve plan quality for SABR.
2D Percolation Design with Conductive Microparticles for Low‐Strain Detection in a Stretchable Sensor
Authors: Hwang Hyejin , Kim Yohann , Park Jae‐Hoon , Jeong Unyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough a variety of stretchable strain sensors based on electrical percolation have been reported, stretchable sensors detecting low strains have been rarely demonstrated. This is because large stretchability of a strain sensor conflicts with high strain resolution at low strains. Here, the electrical percolation into 2D is confined and a strain sensor that is highly sensitive at low strains and simultaneously highly stretchable is presented. The 2D confinement of the electrical percolation is accomplished by a close‐packed monolayer assembly of conductive microparticles (MPs) on an elastomer substrate. The current profiles of the MP monolayer at low strains are in situ visualized using conductive atomic force microscopy. When the lattice of the MP monolayer is aligned vertically to the strain direction, the resistance is highly sensitive to low‐strain deformations (ε = 0 – 0.05), but the sensor has reasonable stretchability (ε = 0.3). The simultaneous achievement of the high sensitivity at low strains and the reasonable stretchability is explained by the relationship between the strain‐dependent current profile and the relative position changes of the MPs. A high‐precision pulse sensor clearly showing the representative peaks is demonstrated.