bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-constitutional Laws in India: Beyond Presumption of Constitutionality
Authors: Singh Snehil Kunwar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent judgements of the Supreme Court of India have done away with presumption of constitutionality for pre-constitutional laws in India. Regarded as one of the core principles in the study of interpretation of statutes, presumption of constitutionality assumes great significance when constitutionality of any law is under challenge. Removal of this presumption for pre-constitutional laws has far-reaching potential on judicial scrutiny of vires of pre-constitutional laws. However, the implications of such removal on pre-constitutional laws have not been studied. This article is an attempt to study such implications. I shall take example of Indian law on sedition, which is a pre-constitutional law, to demonstrate the impact of removal of the presumption.
Development of a Range of Plausible Noncancer Toxicity Values for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Based on Effects on Sperm Count: Application of Systematic Review Methods and Quantitative Integration of Dose Response Using Meta-Regression
Authors: Wikoff Daniele S , Urban Jonathan D , Ring Caroline , Britt Janice , Fitch Seneca , Budinsky Robert , Haws Laurie C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Regulatory agencies have derived noncancer toxicity values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin based on reduced sperm counts relying on single studies from a large body of evidence. Techniques such as meta-regression allow for greater use of the available data while simultaneously providing important information regarding the uncertainty associated with the underlying evidence base when conducting risk assessments. The objective herein was to apply systematic review methods and meta-regression to characterize the dose-response relationship of gestational exposure and epididymal sperm count. Twenty-three publications (20 animal studies consisting of 29 separate rat experimental data sets, and 3 epidemiology studies) met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias evaluation was performed to critically appraise study validity. Low to very low confidence precluded use of available epidemiological data as candidate studies for dose-response due to inconsistencies across the evidence base, high risk of bias, and general lack of biological coherence, including lack of clinical relevance and dose-response concordance. Experimental animal studies, which were found to have higher confidence following the structured assessment of confidence (eg, controlled exposure, biological consistency), were used as the basis of a meta-regression. Multiple models were fit; points of departure were identified and converted to human equivalent doses. The resulting reference dose estimates ranged from approximately 4 to 70 pg/kg/day, depending on model, benchmark response level, and study validity integration approach. This range of reference doses can be used either qualitatively or quantitatively to enhance understanding of human health risk estimates for dioxin-like compounds.
Poncet’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Verma Henuka , Rajvanshi Nikhil , Rathaur Vyas Kumar , Pathania Monika , Bhat Nowneet Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It spreads from one person to the another through the air while coughing, spitting, speaking or sneezing. TB most commonly affects lungs but it can affect any organ system. Diagnosis of TB is made on the basis of microbiological evidence of MTB on microscopic examination, cultures and chest X-rays. Poncet’s disease is a separate entity in which joints are involved in the form of joint pain and swelling without any microbiological evidence of MTB. It usually occurs in the background setting of pulmonary TB. This case focuses on importance of considering Poncet’s disease in the differential diagnosis of paediatric polyarticular arthritis in TB endemic regions or if there is a history suggestive of TB exposure and infection.
Mapping the evolutionary landscape of Zika virus infection in immunocompromised mice
Authors: Johnson Katherine E E , Noval Maria G , Rangel Margarita V , De Jesus Elfie , Geber Adam , Schuster Samantha , Cadwell Ken , Ghedin Elodie , Stapleford Kenneth A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fundamental basis of how arboviruses evolve in nature and what regulates the adaptive process remain unclear. To address this problem, we established a Zika virus (ZIKV) vector-borne transmission system in immunocompromised mice to study the evolutionary characteristics of ZIKV infection. Using this system, we defined factors that influence the evolutionary landscape of ZIKV infection and show that transmission route and specific organ microenvironments impact viral diversity and defective viral genome production. In addition, we identified in mice the emergence of ZIKV mutants previously seen in natural infections, including variants present in currently circulating Asian and American strains, as well as mutations unique to the mouse infections. With these studies, we have established an insect-to-mouse transmission model to study ZIKV evolution in vivo. We also defined how organ microenvironments and infection route impact the ZIKV evolutionary landscape, providing a deeper understanding of the factors that regulate arbovirus evolution and emergence.
In Search of the Older Worker: Framing Job Requirements in Recruitment Advertisements
Authors: van Selm Martine , van den Heijkant Linda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOlder workers face problems in the labor market due to dominant beliefs about their abilities: they are perceived as reliable, trustworthy, and loyal, but also as less adaptable, less motivated, and less capable compared to younger workers. The mixed beliefs about older workers resonate with the stereotype of older people in society according to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) of being warm but less competent and are reflected in news and corporate media. The present study contributes by approaching stereotypes about older workers’ employability from a communication perspective. The study examines which requirements are communicated by employers in job advertisements targeting older job seekers, compared to those in job advertisements targeting general job seekers. This is done by using automated content analysis to inductively identify prominently advertised requirements, and to examine how these align with the older workers’ stereotype. Additionally, interviews with recruitment experts are conducted to provide explanation and interpretation. Findings reveal that the persistent idea about older workers performing well on so-called soft abilities and poorer on so-called hard abilities is reflected in job advertisements targeting older job seekers, as these represent requirements related to hard abilities to a lesser extent, whereas abilities related to customer service are more often requested. The mixed beliefs about older workers are reflected in the expert perspective of recruiters too, although with some optimism that older workers’ soft abilities fit well with employers’ need for a social and responsible workforce. The study contributes to insights regarding the SCM and framing theory.
LOCALIZED CONJUNCTIVAL AL-AMYLOID DEPOSITS SECONDARY TO A RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY RADIAL EXPLANT
Authors: Mudhar Hardeep S. , Stafanous Sabah 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe a hitherto unreported late ocular surface complication of retinal detachment surgery around a radial segment explant.

Methods:
A single case report of a 72-year-old white man, with a previous history of right scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment surgery 25 years ago, presented with right-sided ptosis of 6 months duration.

Results:
Ocular surface examination showed a prominent right supero-nasal quadrant radial segment explant, around which there was bulky pink conjunctival mass, extending from the supero-medial fornix down to the medial canthal area and inferior medial fornix with similar changes seen on the upper medial tarsal conjunctiva. The clinical differential diagnosis was either inflammation from an exposed radial explant or lymphoma. Biopsies of the conjunctival mass showed perivascular and interstitial solid eosinophilic deposits of amyloid, with scattered giant cells; the amyloid was of AL type. There was no morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of lymphoma or a plasma cell neoplasm in the specimen.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of localized conjunctival amyloid deposition, secondary to a retinal detachment radial explant. It is proposed that the localized amyloid deposit arose from the ocular surface irritative effects of the radial explant.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AFTER TREATMENT WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN A 5-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH CHOROIDAL OSTEOMA
Authors: Jabbehdari Sayena , Fernández-Vega Gonzalez Alvaro , Zahid Sarwar , Mieler William F. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe a patient with a choroidal osteoma treated with photodynamic therapy to prevent tumor growth in whom choroidal neovascularization (CNV) developed after being treated with photodynamic therapy.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 5-year-old Hispanic woman presented with an asymptomatic choroidal osteoma, temporal to the macula of her right eye. According to the patient's mother, her medical, surgical, and family history was unremarkable. At examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes. After 11 months of follow-up, signs of tumor growth toward the fovea without any signs of CNV was noted. Photodynamic therapy was performed to prevent invasion of the foveola. Two months thereafter, the patient developed CNV in the macula region in the right eye, decreasing visual acuity to 20/200. The patient was treated with four total intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab over 24 weeks, which resulted in inactivation of the CNV and improved visual acuity to 20/20. Choroidal neovascularization had been never reported in her past history and her follow-up visits over 7 years. In addition, no evidence of recurrent neovascular activity or tumor growth was reported.

Conclusion:
Choroidal osteoma is a benign tumor that can result in vision-threatening complications, caused by tumor growth and tumor decalcification. Photodynamic therapy is an effective modality in inducing choroidal osteoma decalcification and stabilization; however, CNV due to reperfusion following photodynamic therapy can be seen in the retina.
GORE-TEX SCLERAL-SUTURED ENVISTA INTRAOCULAR LENS DISLOCATION: THREE CASES AND AN ASSESSMENT OF EYELET TENSILE STRENGTH, FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS, AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Lippincott John K. , Collins Marilyn M. , Tieu Brian C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
Three cases of dislocation of a Gore-Tex scleral-sutured EnVista intraocular lens are reported. The tensile strength of the lens eyelets under two suturing methods is assessed. Pursuant surgical considerations are discussed.

Methods:
A chart review was performed to identify cases of scleral-sutured EnVista lens dislocations. In addition, six EnVista lenses were suspended in a balanced salt solution tank, tied either with suture over haptic or simple pass technique. Eyelet tensile strength was calculated by gradual addition of weights. Eyelet fracture position and width were measured. The tensile strength of one additional EnVista lens was assessed in open air.

Patients:
In a retrospective, consecutive case series, three dislocated lenses were identified out of 17 surgeries from one institution. Two dislocations occurred postoperatively, and one occurred intraoperatively.

Results:
The EnVista eyelet demonstrated greater tensile strength tied with the simple pass method (0.27 ± 0.017 N, n = 3) than with the suture over haptic method (0.15 ± 0.016 N, n = 3; P = 0.0015). Eyelet fracture location corresponded to tensile strength. The lens in air withstood greater tensile stress.

Conclusion:
Stress is placed on different regions of the eyelet with each suturing method. Simple pass may withstand greater tension and decrease risk for lens fracture, but the operating surgeon must consider multiple factors when forming an operative plan.
Medical service quality, psychological contract, and patient loyalty
Authors: Yu Yanghang , Chen Zhixia , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wang Yanan , Zhang Rong , Zhou Xining 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of psychological contracts (including relational and transactional psychological contracts) on the relationship between medical service quality and patient loyalty.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and December 2017. Questionnaires assessing medical service quality, the psychological contract, and patient loyalty were distributed to a random sample of 600 patients across 6 hospitals. The final sample consisted of 469 participants. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effect of psychological contracts on the relationship between medical service quality and patient loyalty.
The mean scores of medical service quality, psychological contracts, and patient loyalty were 3.497 ± 0.571, 3.699 ± 0.503, and 3.342 ± 0.724, respectively. Medical service quality is positively related to psychological contract (β = 0.612, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.476–0.603) and patient loyalty (β = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.773–0.944). Further, psychological contract is positively related to patient loyalty (β = 0.599, 95% CI = 0.757–0.968). Both relational psychological contract and transactional psychological contract mediate the relationship between medical service quality and patient loyalty.
Our findings reveal that medical service quality is associated with patient loyalty and that this association is mediated by relational and transactional psychological contracts. Therefore, in order to improve patient loyalty, psychological contracts should be reinforced, and medical service quality should be improved.
Comparison of perioperative hidden blood loss for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly by different intramedullary fixations
Authors: Zheng Huayong , Zhang Yang , Wang Hao , Sun Tiansheng , Sun Qicai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Till date only a few studies have reported the clinical outcomes of intraoperative hidden blood loss of intertrochanteric fracture in the old people treated with various intramedullary immobilizations. The aim of the trial is to investigate the best choice for treating intertrochanteric fractures, as well as the hidden blood loss among different intramedullary fixations.

Methods:
This randomized, single-blind, superiority clinical trial was admitted by the Ethics Committee in our hospital (The 7th Medical Center of PLA, 20200602DM). The eligibility criteria were:
Patients who met any of the following conditions would not be able to participate in the test: composite femoral fracture, under 65 years of ages, experience of femoral fractures, surgical contraindications, nonambulatory before the presenting injury, or presence of any other traumatic fractures. 120 participants with unstable intertrochanteric fractures, treated by Gammar nail, (n = 40), Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (n = 40) and Intertrochanteric Antegrade Nail (n = 40) instruments were enrolled in this research. The main outcome measures were total blood loss and hidden blood loss, which were evaluated based on the haematocrit change after the operation. The experimental data was analyzed and sorted out with SPSS program (ver.19; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results:
This experiment had strict inclusive criteria and exclusive criteria and a well- regulated intervention.

Conclusions:
The results of this trial will provide more evidence on which technique can better treat unstable intertrochanteric fracture.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5788).
Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for rotator cuff tendonitis
Authors: Chen Kewei , Yin Shuai , Wang Xiaodan , Lin Qianqian , Duan Huijie , Zhang Zhenhua , Chang Yiniu , Gu Yujing , Wu Mingli , Wu Nan , Liu Chengmei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Rotator cuff tendinitis is a highly prevalent cause of shoulder pain and leads to decreased patient quality of life. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided needling are considered beneficial for rotator cuff tendinitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ESWT with sham-ESWT or ultrasound-guided needling in the management of pain and calcification is lacking.

Methods:
We will search the following up database from its inception to August 2020 without language restriction: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science Journal Database, and WangFang database. All randomized controlled trials compared the effect of ESWT and sham-ESWT or ultrasound-guided needling of rotator cuff tendinitis will be included in pain and calcification. Two researchers will operate literature retrieval, screening, information extraction, quality assessment, and data analysis independently. The analysis will be conducted using Review Manager 5.3 Software.

Results:
The findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed publication.

Conclusion:
This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide high-quality evidence for the treatment of patients with rotator cuff tendinitis.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202080028
Metastatic site discriminates survival benefit of primary tumor surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastases
Authors: Ding Wu , Ruan Guodong , Zhu Jianming , Tu Chuanjian , Li Zhian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of primary tumor surgery in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with distant metastases (DM) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the survival benefit of primary tumor surgery in patients with different metastatic sites.
A retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database was conducted to identify DTC patients with DM diagnosed between 2010 and 2016. Patients were divided into following 2 groups: surgery and non-surgery group. Propensity score weighting was employed to balance clinicopathologic factors between the 2 groups.
Of 3537 DTC patients with DM, 956 (66.0%) patients underwent primary tumor surgery while 493 (34.0%) patients did not. There were 798 all-cause deaths and 704 DTC-specific deaths over a median follow-up of 22 months. The weighted 3-year overall survival (OS) for the surgery group was 55.2%, compared to 27.8% (P < .001) for the non-surgery group. The magnitude of the survival difference of surgery was significantly correlated with metastatic sites (P
interaction <.001). Significant survival improvements in surgery group compared with non-surgery group were observed in patients with lung-only metastasis (adjusted HR = 0.45, P < .001), bone-only metastasis (adjusted HR = 0.40, P < .001), and liver-only metastasis (adjusted HR = 0.27, P < .001), whereas no survival improvement of surgery was found for patients with brain-only metastasis (adjusted HR = 0.57, P = .059) or multiply organ distant metastases (adjusted HR = 0.81, P = .099).
The survival benefit from primary tumor surgery for DTC patients with DM varies by metastatic sites. Decisions for primary tumor surgery of DTC patients with DM should be tailored according to metastatic sites.
The prognostic value of tumor/lymph node standardized uptake value max ratio and correlation with hematologic parameters in stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Açikgoz Yusuf , Gurler Fatih , Inci Bediz Kurt , Ergun Yakup , Ucar Gokhan , Dirikoc Merve , Esen Selin Akturk , Tekin Berna Okudan , Bal Oznur , Dogan Mutlu , Uncu Dogan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of lung cancer. There are still no widely accepted prognostic parameters for stage III NSCLC. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of the standardized uptake value (SUV) max ratio of primary tumor to lymph node (T/N SUV max) and its correlation with various hematological parameters.
Patient data were reviewed from the hospital database retrospectively. The T/N SUV max ratio was calculated by dividing the SUV max of the primary tumor by the maximal SUV max of the lymph node. The cut-off value for T/N SUV max ratio was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier method with the Long-rank test. P value < .05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 52 patients were included in this study. The optimal cut-off value for T/N SUV max was 1.96 (area under the curve: 0.74; 72.7% sensitivity and 73.7% specificity). Patients with T/N SUV max ≤1.96 were defined as high risk patients and those with >1.96 were defined as low risk patients. The median event (recurrence or progression) free survival was 24.3 months (95% confidence interval: 12.0–36.6) for low risk patients, and 9.2 months (95% confidence interval: 6.1–12.4) for high risk patients (P = .0015). There was an inverse correlation between T/N SUV max and hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume (rho: −0.349, P = .011; rho: −0.312, P = .025, respectively).
Low risk patients had a more favorable prognosis compared to high risk patients. We demonstrated that T/N SUV max can be of prognostic value in stage III NSCLC. T/N SUV max correlated only with hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume.
The prognosis of brain magnetic resonance imaging injury pattern for outcomes of hypothermia-treated infants
Authors: Seo Yu-Mi , Im Soo-Ah , Sung In Kyung , Youn Young Ah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a tool that allows the observation of structural injury patterns after cooling. The aim of this study was to determine the early pattern of brain injury in the MRIs of infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after cooling and to search for any clinical factors related to abnormal MRI findings.
The study retrospectively recruited 118 infants who were treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) between 2013 and 2016.
Forty-three patients had normal brain MRI, and 75 had abnormal brain MRI findings. The TH-treated infants with abnormal brain MRI readings showed significantly more clinical seizures and the use of additional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) than the normal MRI group. As a long-term outcome, more lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus, posterior limb of internal capsule, or severe white matter lesions were associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 24 months of age.
A higher frequency of clinical seizures and AED use were related to abnormal brain injury on MRI. A significant risk for poor long-term outcomes was found in the abnormal brain MRI group.