bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Spanish Language Preference with Advance Directive Completion
Authors: Gonzalez Ruben , Lyon Liisa , Rabbani Juleon , Conell Carol , Postlethwaite Debbie , Spaulding Mira , Mason Michael 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESHispanics have lower advance directive (AD) completion than non‐Hispanic Whites. Few studies have assessed the role of language preference in end‐of‐life planning. We investigated whether language preference and needing an interpreter affected AD completion among older adults in an integrated health system.DESIGNRetrospective cohort investigation of electronic medical records.SETTINGNorthern California integrated health system.PARTICIPANTSA total of 620,948 Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White patients, aged 55 years and older, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017.MEASUREMENTSDescriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to compare AD completion among non‐Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, and Hispanic subgroups by language preference (English speaking, Spanish speaking, and needed interpreter). We conducted multivariable logistic regression to determine the relationship between language preference and having an AD while controlling for demographic, clinical, and utilization factors.RESULTSWe found 20.3% of non‐Hispanic Whites (n = 512,577) and 10.9% of Hispanics (n = 108,371) had completed an AD. Among Hispanics, after controlling for demographic, clinical, and utilization factors, compared with Spanish speakers requiring an interpreter, English speakers had nearly two‐fold increased odds of completing an AD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4–2.9), whereas Spanish speakers not requiring an interpreter had 20% increased odds (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.3). Additional predictors of successful AD completion were being female, being older, having more comorbidities, having more hospital and emergency department visits, and having higher socioeconomic status. There were no differences associated with primary care provider characteristics.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate the need for a tailored outreach to Hispanics, particularly among those subgroups who require the need of an interpreter, to reduce AD completion disparities.
The N‐glycan profile in cortex and hippocampus is altered in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Gaunitz Stefan , Tjernberg Lars O. , Schedin‐Weiss Sophia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein glycosylation is crucial for the central nervous system and brain functions, including processes that are defective in Alzheimer disease (AD) such as neurogenesis, synaptic function, and memory formation. Still, the roles of glycans in the development of AD are relatively unexplored. Glycomics studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have previously shown altered glycosylation pattern in patients with different stages of cognitive impairment, including AD, compared to healthy controls. As a consequence, we hypothesized that the glycan profile is altered in the brain of patients with AD and analyzed the asparagine‐linked (N‐linked) glycan profile in hippocampus and cortex in AD and control brain. Glycans were enzymatically liberated from brain glycoproteins and analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Eleven glycans showed significantly different levels in hippocampus compared to cortex in both control and AD brain. Two glycans in cortex and four in hippocampus showed different levels in AD compared to control brain. All glycans that differed between controls and AD brain had similar structures with one sialic acid, at least one fucose and a confirmed or potential bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The glycans that were altered in AD brain differed from those that were altered in AD CSF. One glycan found to be present in significantly lower levels in both hippocampus and cortex in AD compared to control contained a structurally and functionally interesting epitope that we assign as a terminal galactose decorated with fucose and sialic acid. Altogether, these studies suggest that protein glycosylation is an important component in the development of AD and warrants further studies.
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Association between blastocyst morphology and live birth rate following frozen–thawed single blastocyst transfer: Results from a 5‐year retrospective analysis of 2593 cryopreserved blastocysts
Authors: Guo Na , Deng Taoran , Jiang Huahua , Gong Yanhong , Yin Li , Ren Xinling , Jin Lei , Li Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to investigate associations between blastocyst morphology parameters and live birth outcome and to make possible additional recommendations for existing embryo selection strategies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 2593 frozen–thawed single blastocyst transfers (SBT) cycles from 2012 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent predictive effectiveness of blastocyst parameters for live birth rate (LBR).ResultsThe participants enrolled in the present study were 32 (28–35) years old with a median body mass index of 21.20 (19.60–23.40) kg/m2, among whom 1058 (40.8%) women had live births. Among the three blastocyst morphology parameters, we found only inner cell mass grade and trophectoderm cell grade had significant effects on LBR (P < 0.001). When adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariable logistic regression model, the expansion and hatching (EH) stage of blastocoel also showed obvious correlation with LBR. Blastocysts at EH stage 4–5 had a significantly higher LBR than that at stage 3 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the timing of blastulation was also an important predictor of LBR. Blastocysts vitrified on day 6 and day 7 yielded a lower LBR than that vitrified on day 5 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe timing of blastulation and all blastocyst morphology parameters were associated with LBR independently. Although the most important parameter for predicting clinical outcomes remains undetermined, the timing of blastulation was a stable predictor of live birth for frozen–thawed SBT.
Detection of Carotid Webs by CT Angiography, High‐Resolution MRI, and Ultrasound
Authors: Zhu Cuiting , Li Zhaoxia , Ju Yi , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe sought to examine carotid webs (intimal variant fibromuscular dysplasia) by studying their clinical features and imaging profiles.METHODSAll patients (n = 893) of the Department of Neurology at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for computed tomography angiography (CTA), high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI), and Doppler ultrasound data. Carotid webs were identified by two experienced neuroimaging experts according to the characteristics of a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb on sagittal CTA and a septum structure in arteries on axial CTA.RESULTSWe found eight carotid web patients by CTA and Doppler ultrasound. Four of eight (50%) carotid webs were observed in the bilateral carotid arteries and other four of eight (50%) were ipsilateral. The mean age of the 8 patients was 50.75 (range 38‐65) years; two were in women. Six of 8 patients (75%) with carotid webs had acute ischemic stroke. Two‐thirds of patients with ischemic stroke were treated with carotid revascularization. Doppler ultrasound indicated that the septum projected into the carotid arteries in all patients. Half of the carotid web patients underwent HRMRI, showing features consistent with CTA findings. The Cohen's kappa coefficient for interobserver agreement in diagnosing carotid webs was .76.CONCLUSIONSDoppler ultrasound combined with CTA and HRMRI is effective and reliable method to identifying carotid webs, which may be associated with stroke.
Incidence of type 1 diabetes by socio‐demographic characteristics among South Australian children: Whole‐of‐population study
Authors: Begum Mumtaz , Chittleborough Catherine , Pilkington Rhiannon , Mittinty Murthy , Lynch John , Penno Megan , Smithers Lisa 
Published: September 2020

AimTo describe and compare the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in South Australia by individual and area‐level socio‐economic characteristics among children aged ≤11 years.MethodsThis is a whole‐of‐population, data linkage study (n = 231 685) conducted in South Australia, and included children born from 2002 to 2013, hospitalisation followed from 2002 to 2014. The study used de‐identified, linked administrative hospitalisation, birth and perinatal data from the South Australian Early Childhood Data Project. Incidence was calculated by identifying T1D cases from T1D‐related hospitalisations using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Australian Modification diagnosis codes (E10, E101–E109).ResultsOverall, 333 children aged ≤11 years (173 boys) were identified as having T1D. The T1D incidence rate was 23.0 per 100 000 person‐years (95% confidence interval (CI): 20.7–25.7), with no sex difference. T1D incidence was higher among children whose mothers were Caucasian, private patients and whose parents were employed. For example, T1D incidence was 26.0 per 100 000 (95% CI: 22.8–29.5) among children with both parents employed, compared to 20.0 per 100 000 (95% CI: 12.3–30.6) among children with both parents unemployed. There was no clear gradient in the association between area‐level socio‐economic position and T1D, with highest incidence for the fourth quintile (26.5 per 100 000 (95% CI: 20.9–33.1)). The most advantaged area (19.4 per 100 000 (95% CI: 13.8–26.5)) had lower incidence than the most disadvantaged area (23.5 per 100 000 (95% CI: 18.9–28.9)).ConclusionT1D incidence rates differed depending on the measures of socio‐economic characteristics. Individual‐level indicators showed higher incidence among more advantaged children; however, there was no clear area‐level socio‐economic patterning of T1D.
Testing the theory of Differential Susceptibility to nightmares: The interaction of Sensory Processing Sensitivity with the relationship of low mental wellbeing to nightmare frequency and nightmare distress
Authors: Carr Michelle , Matthews Eve , Williams Jessica , Blagrove Mark 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPropensity to have nightmares has been theorised in terms of diathesis–stress models, with this propensity being seen as negative or even pathological. In contrast, a recent model proposes that nightmare propensity is due to Differential Susceptibility to stimuli, where high susceptibility can be beneficial in positive environments but detrimental in negative environments. This susceptibility to stimuli is assessed as the biobehavioural trait Sensory Processing Sensitivity, which refers to a greater responsivity to internal and external stimuli, and an increased depth of cognitive and emotional processing. To test the Differential Susceptibility Framework for nightmares, 137 participants (females = 104, males = 33; mean age = 33.66 years), recruited from a student population and social media sites, were divided into high (n = 39), medium (n = 59) and low (n = 39) Sensory Processing Sensitivity categories based on their score on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. Low mental wellbeing and the presence of minor psychiatric problems, measured by the General Health Questionnaire, was found to be significantly correlated with nightmare frequency for the high and medium SPS groups (rs = .29 and .28, respectively), but not for the low Sensory Processing Sensitivity group (r = .19). General Health Questionnaire score was also significantly correlated with trait nightmare distress, for the high Sensory Processing Sensitivity group only (r = .32). These findings in favour of the Differential Susceptibility Framework have aetiology and treatment implications for nightmares that differ from diathesis–stress models.
Effect of understocking density of channel catfish fingerlings in intensively aerated multiple‐batch production
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Wise David , Li Menghe , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Hegde Shraddha , Rutland Billy , Pruitt Sean , Griffin Matt , Khoo Lester 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple‐batch production is the most widely practiced method of raising channel catfish. Producers are increasingly adopting intensified production practices in multiple‐batch systems by increasing stocking density and aeration rates as a means to improve cost efficiencies. Proven stocking recommendations are required for the efficient implementation of recent developments in multiple‐batch production. Twelve 0.4‐ha ponds were understocked with 17,484, 20,612, and 26,124 fingerlings/ha (mean weight = 40 g/fish) over equal weights of carryover fish (0.46 kg/fish @ 4,589 kg/ha). Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation with a 28% protein floating feed and aerated with a single 7.4‐kW electric paddlewheel aerator. Density‐dependent significant differences were absent for gross, net, daily net yields, marketable yields (≥0.54 kg), growth (g/day), and survival. Sub‐marketable yield (<0.54 kg) and feeding rate increased significantly with increased understocking density. Economic analysis revealed increased breakeven prices and diminished net returns with increased stocking density when sub‐marketable fish were not considered as revenue. These differences in production costs and profits among the three treatments became minimal when sub‐marketable fish were included as revenue. All three density treatments attained positive annual net cash flows. This study validates channel catfish understocking densities of 17,000–26,000 fish/ha to improve cost efficiency in intensively aerated, multiple‐batch production systems.
Revisiting Perception–Production Relationships: Exploring a New Approach to Investigate Perception as a Time‐Varying Predictor
Authors: Nagle Charles L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModels of L2 pronunciation learning have hypothesized that accurate speech perception promotes accurate speech production. This claim can be evaluated longitudinally by examining the extent to which changes in stop consonant perception predict changes in stop consonant production. Taking a time‐sensitive view of the perception–production link, this study used longitudinal data to analyze perception as a time‐varying predictor of production accuracy. Mixed‐effects models were fit to oddity, delayed word repetition, and picture description tasks to examine how participants’ perception and production changed over time. Oddity task perception data were then decomposed into their between‐ and within‐subjects components and integrated into the delayed repetition and picture description production models. Surprisingly, only the between‐subjects predictors reached significance, and the strength of the perception–production link varied across production tasks and target phones. The methods used have implications for future research on perception–production links.
Normal liver stiffness and influencing factors in healthy children: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Darrick K. , Khan Muhammad Rehan , Wang Zhen , Chongsrisawat Voranush , Swangsak Panida , Teufel‐Schäfer Ulrike , Engelmann Guido , Goldschmidt Imeke , Baumann Ulrich , Tokuhara Daisuke , Cho Yuki , Rowland Marion , Mjelle Anders B. , Ramm Grant A. , Lewindon Peter J. , Witters Peter , Cassiman David , Ciuca Ioana M. , Prokop Larry D. , Haffar Samir , Corey Kathleen E. , Murad M.H. , Furuya Katryn N. , Bazerbachi Fateh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough transient elastography (TE) is used to determine liver stiffness as a surrogate to hepatic fibrosis, the normal range in children is not well defined. We performed a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis to determine the range of liver stiffness in healthy children and evaluate the influence of important biological parameters.MethodsWe pooled data from 10 studies that examined healthy children using TE. We divided 1702 children into two groups: ≥3 years (older group) and < 3 years of age (younger group). Univariate and multivariate linear regression models predicting liver stiffness were conducted.ResultsAfter excluding children with obesity, diabetes, or abnormal liver tests, 652 children were analysed. Among older children, mean liver stiffness was 4.45 kPa (95% confidence interval 4.34‐4.56), and increased liver stiffness was associated with age, sedation status, and S probe use. In the younger group, the mean liver stiffness was 4.79 kPa (95% confidence interval 4.46‐5.12), and increased liver stiffness was associated with sedation status and Caucasian race. In a subgroup analysis, hepatic steatosis on ultrasound was significantly associated with increased liver stiffness. We define a reference range for normal liver stiffness in healthy children as 2.45‐5.56 kPa.ConclusionsWe have established TE‐derived liver stiffness ranges for healthy children and propose an upper limit of liver stiffness in healthy children to be 5.56 kPa. We have identified increasing age, use of sedation, probe size, and presence of steatosis on ultrasound as factors that can significantly increase liver stiffness.
A review of ecological factors promoting road use by mammals
Authors: Hill Jacob E. , DeVault Travis L. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Roads have numerous negative impacts for mammals, but may also serve as attractants due to altered vegetation or provisioning of resources.

We reviewed the use of roads and their associated features by mammals, in order to understand the ecological factors contributing to road use.

We documented 129 studies that recorded road use by 116 mammalian species, spanning 15 orders and 35 families, in six continents. Carnivora was the most common order (40 species, 34% of all 116 species), followed by Artiodactyla (24 species, 20%) and Rodentia (21 species, 18%). The species were placed in the IUCN categories Least Concern (88 species, 76% of all 116 species), Vulnerable (11 species, 9%), Near Threatened (9 species, 8%), Endangered (6 species, 5%), and Critically Endangered (2 species, 2%).

We assigned road use to five ecological categories, reflecting the reason for it, with subcategories where appropriate: (1) communication; (2) foraging (subcategories: anthropogenic food, herbivory, predation, salt, scavenging, water); (3) movement (subcategories: bridges, environmental alterations, habitat connectivity); (4) refuge (subcategories: avoidance, burrowing and denning, cover, roosting); and (5) thermoregulation. Foraging, movement, and refuge were the most common uses.

Roads provide a variety of resources to mammals, but road use is highly dynamic in time and space. We suggest that the use of roads by mammals is extensive, both geographically and taxonomically. Road use is likely to influence mammalian ecology while contributing to the risk of collisions with vehicles.
Monetary policy and long‐term interest rates: Evidence from the U.S. economy
Authors: Deleidi Matteo , Levrero Enrico Sergio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the ability of central banks to affect the structure of interest rates. We assess the causal relationship between the short‐term Effective Federal Funds Rate (FF) and long‐term interest rates associated with both public and private bonds and specifically, the 10‐Year Treasury Bond (GB10Y) and the Moody's Aaa Corporate Bond (AAA). To do this, we apply Structural Vector Autoregressive models to U.S. monthly data for the 1954–2018 period. Based on results derived from impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition, we find: a bidirectional relationship whenGB10Yis considered as the long‐term rate and a unidirectional relationship that moves from short‐ to long‐term interest rates whenAAAis considered. These conclusions show that monetary policy is able to permanently affect long‐term interest rates and the central bank has a certain degree of freedom in setting the levels of the short‐term policy rate.
Increasing vegetable consumption out‐of‐home: VeggiEAT and Veg+projects
Authors: Hartwell H. , Bray J. , Lavrushkina N. , Rodrigues V. , Saulais L. , Giboreau A. , Perez‐Cueto F. J. A. , Monteleone E. , Depezay L. , Appleton K. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdequate vegetable consumption is fundamental to a healthy, balanced diet; however, global compliance with recommendations to increase consumption is poor. There is a growing interest in the sustainability of current dietary patterns in light of expected climate change and an expanding global population where part of the response is increasing vegetable intake. Two international projects, VeggiEAT and Veg+, explored the determinants of vegetable liking and consumption in different age groups and countries and the effect of a nudging strategy on vegetable consumption in an out‐of‐home setting. The projects found that the importance given by consumers to natural or healthy ingredients, social norms, female gender and positive attitudes towards nudging all influenced vegetable consumption. Some sensory factors, such as bitterness and sourness, had a negative loading, while others, such as sweetness, had a positive effect on liking for vegetables. ‘Dish of the day’, as a nudging strategy in a workplace canteen setting, increased vegetable dish selection for some of the sample (adolescent females) but not for males or older people. Globally, there is a strong need to promote the consumption of vegetables as a public health issue but also to improve their availability and uptake, especially within out‐of‐home foodservice.
Mental filing
Authors: Goodman Rachel , Gray Aidan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe offer an interpretation of the mental files framework that eliminates the metaphor of files, information being contained in files, etc. The guiding question is whether, once we move beyond the metaphors, there is any theoretical role for files. We claim not. We replace the file‐metaphor with two theses: the semantic thesis that there are irreducibly relational representational facts (viz. facts about the coordination of representations); and the metasemantic thesis that processes tied to information‐relations ground those facts. In its canonical statement, the ‘file’‐theory makes reference to a certain kind of relational representational feature, and a certain kind of mental activity. Mental files need not come into it. In short, we posit mental filing without mental files. Our interpretation avoids awkward problems that arise on the standard interpretation and clarifies the explanatory commitments of the theory.