bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the participation of adults with visual and severe or profound intellectual disabilities: a process evaluation of a new intervention
Authors: Hanzen Gineke , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , Vlaskamp Carla , Korevaar Eliza L. , Waninge Aly , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
While the participation of adults with visual and severe or profound intellectual disabilities (VSPID) in society and community life is important, evidence-based interventions to improve their participation are lacking. We conducted a process evaluation of the implementation of ‘Care for Participation+’ (CFP+), a new intervention targeting the attitudes of direct support professionals (DSPs) toward the participation of adults with VSPID, within a residential facility in the Netherlands.

Methods
CFP+ was inspired by the Boston Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approach and adapted by adopting a new definition and operationalization of the concept of participation for adults with VSPID. Following systematic training, 16 DSPs of adults with VSPID were able to apply key elements of CFP+ to explore diverse roles and activities for this population, facilitating their self-management, teaching them necessary skills for participation, and organizing support. Our process evaluation entailed an investigation of the delivered dose, reach, fidelity, and adaptation of CFP+ during and after the CFP+ intervention. We also evaluated the mechanisms of impact and context using questionnaires, assignments, documentation, interviews, and a logbook.

Results
The intended dose, reach, and fidelity relating to the implementation of CFP+ were not achieved. Despite this fact, an assessment of the mechanisms of impact indicated that assignments of CFP+ were well (75%) or reasonably well (17%) understood by DSPs. CFP+ was applied by DSPs to stimulate self-management (83% of DSPs), new activities (100%), enhanced involvement in existing activities (67%) and to explore new roles (50%) for adults with VSPID. A negative contextual factor mentioned by the trainer and manager was the DSPs’ lack of commitment to the training program. Another negative contextual factor mentioned by DSPs was the lack of time for implementing CFP+.

Conclusions
CFP+ provides new opportunities to improve the participation of adults with VSPID. Despite the non-optimal conditions for implementing CFP+ and the DSPs’ general reluctance to apply the new intervention, some have actively used CFP+ within the residential facility. Future studies should focus on the outcomes of CFP+ regarding attitudinal changes among DSPs relating to the participation of adults with VSPID and their quality of life.
Health professionals’ experiences with the implementation of a digital medication dispenser in home care services – a qualitative study
Authors: Kleiven Hanne H. , Ljunggren Birgitte , Solbjør Marit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Implementing digital technology in home care services challenges care arrangements built on face-to-face encounters. Digital welfare technology has been suggested as a solution to increasing demands on health care services from an ageing population. Medication delivery is a major task for home care services, and digital medication devices could lessen the need for resources. But technology has scripts based on how designers picture its use, and these might not fit with users’ needs and practices. New technology must go through processes of domestication among its users. In the present study, we investigate how health professionals experienced the implementation of a digital medication dispenser into home care services in Norway.

Methods
This was a qualitative interview study with 26 health professionals from home care services in five municipalities.

Results
All five municipalities had implemented a digital medication dispenser in home care services. Prior to the introduction of the dispenser, medication practices had been based on home visits. The safety of medication practices was the main concern of health professionals who had to negotiate the technological script in order to make it work in a new care arrangement. Rationalities of effectiveness collided with rationalities of care, symbolized by warm hands. Professionals who had been used to working independently became dependent on technical support. Being unfamiliar with the new medication arrangement led to resistance towards the digital dispenser, but more direct experiences changed the focus from technology to new care arrangements. Negotiating practical and organizational arrangements led health professionals to trust the digital medication dispenser to contribute to safe and good care for service users.

Conclusions
Implementing digital technology in home care services must be informed by previous practices in the field, especially when it concerns safety for patients. Through processes of domestication, health professionals negotiate technological scripts to make them fit professional ideals and practices. Policymakers and managers must address questions of care arrangements and individualized adaptions to patients’ needs in order to receive support from health professionals when implementing digital technology in home care services.
Normality in medicine: a critical review
Authors: Catita Marisa , Águas Artur , Morgado Pedro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhat is considered normal determines clinical practice in medicine and has implications at an individual level, doctor-patient relationship and health care policies. With the increase in medical information and technical abilities it is urgent to have a clear concept of normality in medicine so that crucial discussions can be held with unequivocal terms.The different meanings for normality were analyzed throughout the literature and grouped according to their relevance in the academic community in models, namely the Biostatistical Theory (BST), Health, Ideal, Process and Biological advantage. The BST is the most established naturalistic approach, however normal variability can arguably constitute a problem. Health is similar and raises the question of setting the boundaries of pathology. Normality as an Ideal is an useful tool but is naturally unrealistic. As a Process it is comprehensible but is hard to frame for practical purposes. If considered as a Biological Advantage, seems intuitive but abnormality should tend to disappear.After, three examples were presented to discuss these models. They were Anemia, Psychiatric diseases and Psychopathy. In the case of Anemia the BST was applied and the arbitrary boundaries but with social impact were exposed. Psychiatric diseases was discussed under the process of self-organization and non-suffering ideal. With Psychopathy the boundaries of biological advantage are questioned.This review appeals to the importance of redesigning of the concept of normality in medicine according to current times and stresses the importance of integrating concepts such as variability and autonomy.
Repairing effects of glucosamine sulfate in combination with etoricoxib on articular cartilages of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sun Yong , Wang Changde , Gong Chunzhu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the repairing effects of glucosamine sulfate combined with etoricoxib on articular cartilages of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods
A total of 106 KOA patients were randomly divided into control (n = 40) and experimental groups (n = 66) and treated with etoricoxib alone and glucosamine sulfate plus etoricoxib, respectively. Changes in WOMAC score and clinical efficacy were observed. The synovial fluid was extracted. Bone metabolism indices, growth factors, inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and NO-induced apoptosis-related factors were measured by ELISA. JNK and Wnt5a mRNA levels were determined using RT-PCR.

Results
After treatment, the total WOMAC scores of both groups significantly declined (P < 0.05), being lower in experimental group. The total effective rate of experimental group was higher (P < 0.05). BGP and OPG levels rose, especially in experimental group (P < 0.05). CTX-II, COMP, and RANKL levels decreased, particularly in experimental group (P < 0.05). TGF-β, IGF-1, and FGF-2 levels increased, especially in experimental group (P < 0.05). Both groups, particularly experimental group, had decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (P < 0.05). JNK and Wnt5a mRNA levels of both groups dropped, which were lower in experimental group (P < 0.05). NO and LPO levels reduced, being lower in experimental group. SOD level rose, especially in experimental group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Glucosamine sulfate plus etoricoxib can repair the articular cartilages of KOA patients. Probably, JNK and Wnt5a are downregulated to inhibit the secretion of MMPs through lowering the levels of inflammatory factors, thereby delaying cartilage matrix degradation. NO-induced chondrocyte apoptosis may be suppressed via the SOD pathway.
Combined extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic treatment for pain in chronic pancreatitis (SCHOKE trial): study protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Olesen Søren S. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Gaud Rajesh , Tandan Manu , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ramchandani Mohan , Rao G. V. , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Talukdar Rupjyoti 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Pain is the primary symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and remains a considerable therapeutic challenge. In patients with obstruction of the pancreatic duct, including stones and strictures, endoscopic treatment with or without preceding extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been used for pancreatic duct decompression. The rationale for these procedures is based on the assumption that obstruction of the pancreatic duct leads to ductal hypertension and pain. However, clinical pain symptoms correlate poorly with pancreatic duct morphology, and the evidence for pancreatic duct decompression as an effective treatment for pain is based on case series and comparison between different procedures. No randomized, prospective, sham-controlled trials are currently available. The SCHOKE (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Endotherapy for Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis) trial is a randomized, sham-controlled trial designed to determine if pancreatic duct decompression is an effective treatment for pain in patients with CP.

Methods
The SCHOKE trial is a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled trial designed to evaluate the effect of combined ESWL and endoscopic treatment for pain in patients with CP. In total, 106 adult patients with painful CP and pancreatic duct obstruction will be randomized to combined ESWL and subsequent endoscopic treatment or corresponding sham procedures. The primary outcome is pain relief during the 3-month postrandomization period as documented in a pain diary. Secondary outcomes include quality of life and functional scores, patient global impression of change, change in use of analgesics, frequency of hospitalization, and complications. Standard follow-up is at 3 and 6 months after randomization. In an experimental substudy, quantitative sensory testing obtained before and after intervention will be used to obtain information on central pain processing and to develop models for prediction of treatment outcome.

Discussion
The SCHOKE trial investigates if pancreatic duct decompression, obtained by combined ESWL and endoscopic treatment, is effective for pain treatment in patients with CP.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03966781. Registered on May 25, 2019.
Protocol date and version identifier: March 1, 2020; version 3.0.
Sponsor: Rupjyoti Talukdar, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Assessing two methods for estimating excess mortality of chronic diseases from aggregated data
Authors: Brinks Ralph , Tönnies Thaddäus , Hoyer Annika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the numerical properties of two recently published estimation techniques for excess mortality based on aggregated data about diabetes in Germany.

Results
Application of the new methods to the claims data yields implausible findings for the excess mortality of type 2 diabetes in ages below 50 years of age.
An analysis of genetically regulated gene expression across multiple tissues implicates novel gene candidates in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gerring Zachary F. , Lupton Michelle K. , Edey Daniel , Gamazon Eric R. , Derks Eske M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified multiple independent genetic loci that harbour variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease, but the exact causal genes and biological pathways are largely unknown.

Methods
To prioritise likely causal genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, we used S-PrediXcan to integrate expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) study and CommonMind Consortium (CMC) with Alzheimer’s disease GWAS summary statistics. We meta-analysed the GTEx results using S-MultiXcan, prioritised disease-implicated loci using a computational fine-mapping approach, and performed a biological pathway analysis on the gene-based results.

Results
We identified 126 tissue-specific gene-based associations across 48 GTEx tissues, targeting 50 unique genes. Meta-analysis of the tissue-specific associations identified 73 genes whose expression was associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Additional analyses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from the CMC identified 12 significant associations, 8 of which also had a significant association in GTEx tissues. Fine-mapping of causal gene sets prioritised gene candidates in 10 Alzheimer’s disease loci with strong evidence for causality. Biological pathway analyses of the meta-analysed GTEx data and CMC data identified a significant enrichment of Alzheimer’s disease association signals in plasma lipoprotein clearance, in addition to multiple immune-related pathways.

Conclusions
Gene expression data from brain and peripheral tissues can improve power to detect regulatory variation underlying Alzheimer’s disease. However, the associations in peripheral tissues may reflect tissue-shared regulatory variation for a gene. Therefore, future functional studies should be performed to validate the biological meaning of these associations and whether they represent new pathogenic tissues.
A new nonmonotone adaptive trust region line search method for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Ding Xianfeng , Qu Quan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new nonmonotone adaptive trust region line search method for solving unconstrained optimization problems, and presents a modified trust region ratio, which obtained more reasonable consistency between the accurate model and the approximate model. The approximation of Hessian matrix is updated by the modified BFGS formula. Trust region radius adopts a new adaptive strategy to overcome additional computational costs at each iteration. The global convergence and superlinear convergence of the method are preserved under suitable conditions. Finally, the numerical results show that the proposed method is very efficient.
Approximate solutions for HBV infection with stability analysis using LHAM during antiviral therapy
Authors: Aniji M. , Kavitha N. , Balamuralitharan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a life-threatening virus that causes very serious liver-related diseases from the family of Hepadnaviridae having very rare qualities resembling retroviruses. In this paper, we analyze the effect of antiviral therapy through mathematical modeling by using Liao’s homotopy analysis method (LHAM) that defines the connection between the target liver cells and the HBV. We also examine the basic nonlinear differential equation by LHAM to get a semi-analytical solution. This can be a very straight and direct method which provides the appropriate solution. Moreover, the local and global stability analysis of disease-free and endemic equilibrium is done using Lyapunov function. Mathematica 12 software is used to find out the solutions and graphical representations. We also discuss the numerical simulations up to sixth-order approximation and error analysis using the same software.
Microbial mats in the Turks and Caicos Islands reveal diversity and evolution of phototrophy in the Chloroflexota order Aggregatilineales
Authors: Ward Lewis M. , Lingappa Usha F. , Grotzinger John P. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenome-resolved metagenomic sequencing approaches have led to a substantial increase in the recognized diversity of microorganisms; this included the discovery of novel metabolic pathways in previously recognized clades, and has enabled a more accurate determination of the extant distribution of key metabolisms and how they evolved over Earth history. Here, we present metagenome-assembled genomes of members of the Chloroflexota (formerly Chloroflexi or Green Nonsulfur Bacteria) order Aggregatilineales (formerly SBR1031 or Thermofonsia) discovered from sequencing of thick and expansive microbial mats present in an intertidal lagoon on Little Ambergris Cay in the Turks and Caicos Islands. These taxa included multiple new lineages of Type 2 reaction center-containing phototrophs that were not closely related to previously described phototrophic Chloroflexota—revealing a rich and intricate history of horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of phototrophy and other core metabolic pathways within this widespread phylum.
#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory
Authors: Zimmerman Jordan , Brown-Schmidt Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Social media is an increasingly popular outlet for leisure and social interaction. On many social media platforms, the user experience involves commenting on or responding to user-generated content, such as images of cats, food, and people. In two experiments, we examined how the act of commenting on social media images impacts subsequent memory of those images, using Instagram posts as a test case. This project was inspired by recent findings of laboratory studies of conversation which found that describing a picture for a conversational partner boosts recognition memory for those images. Here we aimed to understand how this finding translates to the more ecologically valid realm of social media interactions. A second motivation for the study was the popularity of food- and dieting-related content on Instagram and prior findings that use of Instagram in particular is associated with disordered eating behaviors.

Results
Across two experiments, we observed that commenting on Instagram posts consistently boosted subsequent recognition and that correct recognition increased with comment length. Stable individual differences in recognition memory were observed, and “unhealthy” food images such as chocolates were particularly well remembered; however, these memory findings did not relate to self-reported eating behavior.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings show that the way in which we engage with social media content shapes subsequent memory of it, raising new questions about how our online lives persist in memory over time, potentially shaping future behavior.
Elementary teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about spatial thinking and mathematics
Authors: Burte Heather , Gardony Aaron L. , Hutton Allyson , Taylor Holly A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsidering how spatial thinking connects to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) outcomes, recent studies have evaluated how spatial interventions impact elementary students’ math learning. While promising, these interventions tend to overlook other factors affecting math learning; perceptions of math abilities, beliefs about math, and math anxiety can also impact math performance. Additionally, perceptions of spatial skill and spatial anxiety impact spatial performance. This study investigated how elementary teachers’ perceptions of spatial thinking connects with math perceptions. Specifically, we focused on teachers’ attitudes and beliefs around three topics: teaching and learning math, spatial abilities, and spatial thinking in mathematics. We found that lower spatial anxiety related to lower anxiety about teaching math, greater alignment between math beliefs and math standards, and greater efficacy in teaching and learning math. Further, a factor analysis showed one factor that connected stereotypical math thinking with both math and spatial anxiety, and another that connected spatial competencies, teaching and learning math, and spatial thinking within math. To further evaluate spatial thinking in math, we introduced a math categorization and verified it using teachers’ ratings of teaching difficulty, visualization helpfulness, and spatial-thinking involvement. Structural equation models revealed that the level of spatial-thinking categorization was the best model of all three of the teachers’ ratings. Overall, results showed numerous connections between teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about mathematics and spatial thinking. Future intervention studies should consider teachers who are spatial and/or math-anxious, and future research should investigate the role of stereotypical thinking in spatial and math anxiety.
Mechanics of moving defects in growing sheets: 3-d, small deformation theory
Authors: Acharya Amit , Venkataramani Shankar C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGrowth and other dynamical processes in soft materials can create novel types of mesoscopic defects including discontinuities for the second and higher derivatives of the deformation, and terminating defects for these discontinuities. These higher-order defects move “easily", and can thus confer a great degree of flexibility to the material. We develop a general continuum mechanical framework from which we can derive the dynamics of higher order defects in a thermodynamically consistent manner. We illustrate our framework by obtaining the explicit dynamical equations for the next higher order defects in an elastic body beyond dislocations, phase boundaries, and disclinations, namely, surfaces of inflection and branch lines.
Toxicological effects of the concurrent administration of cadmium and arsenic through the food chain on the liver and kidney of rats
Authors: Ezedom Theresa , Asagba Samuel , Tonukari Nyerhovwo J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Our environment is filled with a mixture of toxic elements.

Objectives
This study seeks to assess the effects of exposure to cadmium and arsenic through the food chain on the liver and kidney of rats.

Methodology
Adult male albino rats were exposed to experimental feed of which the protein composition was made of fish exposed to cadmium and arsenic for 1 month at a concentration of 0.4 mg cadmium or/and arsenic/100 ml water for 1 and 3 months. Samples of feed and tissue were assayed for cadmium and arsenic load. Tissue homogenates were used for biochemical analysis and the estimation of the expression levels of mRNA of Bax and Bcl2 genes in the liver and kidney of rats were carried out. Samples of tissues were also used for histological analysis.

Results
Results show a greater accumulation of metals in the liver than kidney of rats after the 1-month exposure of which the trend changed after the 3-month exposure. Alterations in enzymatic activities and levels of MDA and GSH were also recorded. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations in the level of mRNA expression of the Bax and Bcl2 genes were observed in all groups compared to the control for both duration of treatment. Treatment-related lesions were also observed for the various groups from the histopathological analysis.

Conclusion
The cadmium-contaminated diet was found to be more toxic to the kidney while the arsenic-contaminated diet was found to be toxic to the liver. In addition, the present study has shown that the toxicity of a mixture of As + Cd cannot be predicted from the toxic mechanisms of the single components.