bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Conventional and Severe Shot Peening on Residual Stress and Fatigue Strength of Steel AISI 1060 and Residual Stress Relaxation Due to Fatigue Loading: Experimental and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Farrahi Gholam Hossein , Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem , Unal Okan , Gugaliano Mario , Bagherifard Sara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study investigates and compares the effects of different shot peening treatments including conventional and severe shot peening on microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue behavior, and residual stress relaxation of AISI 1060 steel. Shot peening treatments were applied with two Almen intensities of 17 and 21 A and a wide ranges of coverage (100%–1500%). Various microstructural observations were carried out to analyze the evolution of microstructure. Microhardness, residual stress and surface roughness measurements and also axial fatigue test were performed. Moreover, the extent of the residual stress relaxation during cyclic loading was investigated by means of XRD measurements. Furthermore, numerical simulation of residual stress relaxation due to fatigue loading was carried out and validated against experimental investigations. The comparison indicated a good agreement for the surface residual stress relaxation up to 100 cycles. The experimental results indicated the efficiency of severe shot peening processes in obtaining nanostructured surface layer and achieving superior mechanical properties and fatigue behavior. Also, residual stress measurements revealed that stress relaxation started with a high rate at the initial stages of loading and gradually increased at higher number of cycles which was lower in the case of severely shot peened samples compared to the conventionally treated ones.

Graphic Abstract
Successful rechallenge with cetuximab after an infusion related reaction to panitumumab in a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Yokokawa Hideyuki , Kono Teppei , Shidei Hiroaki , Oyama Kunihiro , Ito Yoshitomo , Imaizumi Rie , Miyano Yutaka , Shiozawa Shunichi , Yoshimatsu Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncidence of infusion related reaction (IR) is more common with cetuximab (Cmab) than with panitumumab (Pmab). Although little is known about rechallenge IR with monoclonal antibodies, we experienced a successful rechallenge to Cmab after IR to Pmab. A 67-year-old female patient was scheduled for chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus Pmab against unresectable advanced rectal cancer in the hope of tumor shrinkage. On the first administration of Pmab, she complained of dyspnea with shortness of breath and wheezing, even after premedication with steroids and antihistamines. Her reaction was judged as Grade 2 IR to Pmab. For the next course, we tried Cmab. No IRs were observed. Since then, she has undergone seven further courses of treatment, followed by surgical resection. The patient benefited from administration of Cmab after experiencing IR to Pmab, suggesting this treatment to be an option for patients of this type who experience IR to Pmab.
Mendelian randomization and pleiotropy analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMendelian randomization (MR) analysis has become popular in inferring and estimating the causality of an exposure on an outcome due to the success of genome wide association studies. Many statistical approaches have been developed and each of these methods require specific assumptions.ResultsIn this article, we review the pros and cons of these methods. We use an example of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol on coronary artery disease to illuminate the challenges in Mendelian randomization investigation.ConclusionThe current available MR approaches allow us to study causality among risk factors and outcomes. However, novel approaches are desirable for overcoming multiple source confounding of risk factors and an outcome in MR analysis.
Drunkorexia: is it really “just” a university lifestyle choice?
Authors: Griffin Bethany Leigh , Vogt Katharina Sophie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The current study investigated the prevalence of compensatory behaviours (caloric restriction, increased exercise and bulimic tendencies) in response to alcohol consumption (also known as Drunkorexia) in students, non-students and previous students, as well as beginning to understand the presence of possible predictors of these behaviours (body esteem, sensation seeking).

Methods
A volunteer sample of students, non-students and previous students (n = 95) completed the Compensatory Eating and Behaviours in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale, a questionnaire which measures overall Drunkorexia engagement. The participants also completed the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults Scale (BESAA) and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) to investigate predictors of Drunkorexia.

Results
The results indicated that there was no significant difference in Drunkorexia engagement and behaviours between students, non-students and previous students. It was also found that both low body esteem and high sensation seeking tendencies were significant predictors of Drunkorexia; specifically, the appearance esteem factor of the BESAA and the disinhibition factor of the BSSS.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that Drunkorexia is also present outside of student populations, and therefore, future interventions and research should include non-students in samples. In addition, findings support the idea that Drunkorexia cannot be classified solely as an eating disorder or a substance abuse disorder. As a result of this, further research should be conducted to fully understand why this complex behaviour exists.

Evidence-based medicine level
III (Evidence obtained from case-control analytic study)
Homologous Strategy to Construct High-Performance Coupling Electrodes for Advanced Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Xu Ying , Ruan Jiafeng , Pang Yuepeng , Sun Hao , Liang Chu , Li Haiwen , Yang Junhe , Zheng Shiyou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPotassium-ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) have been considered as promising potentials in mid- to large-scale storage system applications owing to their high energy and power density. However, the process involving the intercalation of K+ into the carbonaceous anode is a sluggish reaction, while the adsorption of anions onto the cathode surface is relatively faster, resulting in an inability to exploit the advantage of high energy. To achieve a high-performance PIHC, it is critical to promote the K+ insertion/desertion in anodic materials and design suitable cathodic materials matching the anodes. In this study, we propose a facile “homologous strategy” to construct suitable anode and cathode for high-performance PIHCs, that is, unique multichannel carbon fiber (MCCF)-based anode and cathode materials are firstly prepared by electrospinning, and then followed by sulfur doping and KOH activation treatment, respectively. Owing to a multichannel structure with a large interlayer spacing for introducing S in the sulfur-doped multichannel carbon fiber (S-MCCF) composite, it presents high capacity, super rate capability, and long cycle stability as an anode in potassium-ion cells. The cathode composite of activated multichannel carbon fiber (aMCCF) has a considerably high specific surface area of 1445 m2 g−1 and exhibits outstanding capacitive performance. In particular, benefiting from advantages of the fabricated S-MCCF anode and aMCCF cathode by homologous strategy, PIHCs assembled with the unique MCCF-based anode and cathode show outstanding electrochemical performance, which can deliver high energy and power densities (100 Wh kg−1 at 200 W kg−1, and 58.3 Wh kg−1 at 10,000 W kg−1) and simultaneously exhibit superior cycling stability (90% capacity retention over 7000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of the MCCF-based composites for PIHC electrodes combined with their simple construction renders such materials attractive for further in-depth investigations of alkali-ion battery and capacitor applications.
Measurement of the air bubble size and velocity from micro air bubble generation (MBG) in diesel using optical methods
Authors: Alfarraj Bader A. , Alkhedhair Abdullah M. , Al-Harbi Ahmed A. , Nowak Wojciech , Alfaleh Saleh A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we determine the bubble size and velocity from air bubble generation (MBG) in a diesel using optical methods. A KTM Series Pump was used to generate micro air bubbles in diesel. The air bubble radius and velocity measurements can be useful parameters to optimize the bubble generation process. Two optical systems were used for measurement air bubble sizes and their velocities in diesel. First, the optical system without an objective lens was used to determine the velocity of air bubbles in diesel. Another optical system with a 10× objective lens was used to obtain the size distribution of air bubbles generated in diesel. An available optical system with a 10× objective lens can detect a bubble diameter greater than 3.3 µm that air bubble images were processed using the ImageJ program. We measured the size distribution of air bubbles generated using the ImageJ program. The micro air bubble radius measured in diesel was found to be 6.26 µm in the sample after a month from air bubble generation. In addition, the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to measure the velocity field. Then, we used the OpenPIV program for PIV image processing. The highest velocity distribution was determined to be 90 mm/s for diesel without air bubbles and 20 mm/s for diesel with air bubbles after a month of the bubble generation.
Political crisis and the Corona—‘State of Emergency’ in Kosovo
Authors: Distler Werner 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmidst the arrival of the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Kosovo, the new coalition government of Vetevendosje and the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) under the leadership of Prime Minister Kurti (Vetevendosje) collapsed after a vote of no confidence on 25 March 2020. On the surface, the vote, initiated by LDK, was the consequence of a conflict over the appropriate Corona strategy. A two-month power struggle under the extraordinary circumstances of Corona-related restriction followed, resulting in a new LDK-led government in early June. The political crisis in Kosovo in the early-phase of Corona has to be analyzed against the background of a political crisis with legacies in the post-conflict period, the polarization between Vetevendosje and other parties, and the strong influence of external actors in Kosovo. In this forum article, I ask how the discourse on the “state of emergency” and the pandemic has influenced power struggles in Kosovo and how the conflicts have challenged the democratic competition and institutions. My main argument is that the pandemic indeed did not lead to any form of cooperation, but the political competitors used the pandemic for an intensification of their power struggle, which—for now—led to the restoration of a government of established elites, supported by diplomatic interventions from external actors.
Vom Protest- zum Quarantänejahr: Neue Arenen der Konfliktaushandlung
Authors: Sydiq Tareq 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungOb Hong Kong, Arab Spring 2.0, die Proteste in Südamerika oder im Iran, 2019 war ein Jahr globaler Protestbewegungen die insbesondere öffentliche Räume einnahmen. Manche dieser Protestbewegungen konnten schon 2019 Erfolge erzielen oder sich bereits konsolidieren; die meisten jedoch verließen sich darauf, 2020 weiter Druck aufzubauen auf Regierungen. Mit der globalen Pandemie wurde dies fast schlagartig unmöglich gemacht: Kollektive Entscheidungsgewalt, weiterhin eine Domäne der Regierungen, wurde zum entscheidenden Faktor bei der Krisenbekämpfung, auf die partikulär agierende Protestbewegungen keine unmittelbare Antwort hatten. Gleichzeitig fiel der öffentliche Raum als entscheidende Arena für die Austragung dieser Konflikte unter den Beschränkungen der Pandemie-Bekämpfung aus. Protestierende wurden damit aus dem Zentrum des öffentlichen Raumes in die Peripherie gedrängt, wo sie mittels dezentraler Techniken versuchen, Mobilisierungen aufrecht zu erhalten, und in der Pandemiebekämpfung mit staatlichen Institutionen konkurrierten. Während dies den Spielraum von Protestbewegungen einschränkt, erlaubt das Herausbilden neuer Konfliktarenen es ihnen, sich für künftige Protestbewegungen bereit zu halten und staatliche Akteure herauszufordern. Dieses Zeitfenster können Regierende nutzen, um aus effizienter Pandemiebekämpfung Kapital zu schlagen und aus der Interaktion von Institutionen mit AktivistInnen Kooperationen zu erzeugen; ohne aber die zugrundeliegenden Probleme zu lösen, vertagen sich die Protestbewegungen lediglich auf eine Zeit nach der Pandemie.
Promoting sustainable development through trade? EU trade agreements and global value chains
Authors: Poletti Arlo , Sicurelli Daniela , Yildirim Aydin B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustainable development provisions have become an integral part of the European Union's (EU's) ‘new generation’ trade agreements. Yet, a growing number of empirical works show that their design varies significantly, even in the trade agreements signed with countries at similar (low) levels of development. We contend that this variation can be accounted for by discussing how the growing integration of the EU economy with specific developing countries across global value chains (GVCs) affects the domestic politics of regulatory export in the EU. European firms that operate within GVCs rely on imports of inputs produced in low-labor cost countries. These firms tend to oppose the export of those regulatory burdens that generate an increase in their imports' variable costs. The political mobilization of these actors weakens domestic coalitions supporting regulatory export strategies, which explains why the EU adopts a more lenient approach over the inclusion of sustainable development provisions in Preferential Trade Agreement negotiations with some developing countries.
THE DEEP PAST OF PRE-COLONIAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: MAWSON STEPHANIE 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman occupation of Australia dates back to at least 65,000 years. Aboriginal ontologies incorporate deep memories of this past, at times accompanied by a conviction that Aboriginal people have always been there. This poses a problem for historians and archaeologists: how to construct meaningful histories that extend across such a long duration of space and time. While earlier generations of scholars interpreted pre-colonial Aboriginal history as static and unchanging, marked by isolation and cultural conservatism, recent historical scholarship presents Australia's deep past as dynamic and often at the cutting-edge of human technological innovation. This historiographical shift places Aboriginal people at the centre of pre-colonial history by incorporating Aboriginal oral histories and material culture, as well as ethnographic and anthropological accounts. This review considers some of the debates within this expansive and expanding field, focusing in particular on questions relating to Aboriginal agriculture and land management and connections between Aboriginal communities and their Southeast Asian neighbours. At the same time, the study of Australia's deep past has become a venue for confronting colonial legacies, while also providing a new disciplinary approach to the question of reconciliation and the future of Aboriginal sovereignty in Australia.
Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage?
Authors: Faria E. F. S. , da Silva T. C. , Pina D. dos S. , Santos E. M. , de Araújo M. L. G. M. L. , da Silva L. O. , de Carvalho G. G. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of re-ensiling time and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The experiment was set up as a repeated measure design consisting of four air-exposure periods (EP)(0, 6, 12, and 24 h) microbial additive (A) (L. buchneri; or lack of there), with five replicates. Sugarcane was ground through a stationary forage chopper and ensiled in four plastic drums of 200-L capacity. After 210 days of storage, the drums were opened and half of the silage mass was treated with L. buchneri at the concentration of 105 cfu/g of forage. Subsequently, the silages were divided into stacks. The re-ensiling process was started immediately, at 0, 6, 12 and 24-hour intervals, by transferring the material to PVC mini-silos. Silos were opened after 120 days of re-ensiling. The use of L. buchneri reduced butyrate concentration but did not change ethanol or acetic acid concentrations and aerobic stability. An interaction effect between L. buchneri and re-ensiling time was observed for dry matter (DM) losses and composition. Lactobacillus buchneri is not effective in improving aerobic stability in re-ensiled sugarcane silages. However, less DM is lost in silages treated with L. buchneri and exposed to air for 24 h. Re-ensiling sugar cane in up to 24 h of exposure to air does not change final product quality.
A discrepancy version of the Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem
Authors: Balogh József , Csaba Béla , Pluhár András , Treglown Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA perfect Kr-tiling in a graph G is a collection of vertex-disjoint copies of the clique Kr in G covering every vertex of G. The famous Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem determines the minimum degree threshold for forcing a perfect Kr-tiling in a graph G. The notion of discrepancy appears in many branches of mathematics. In the graph setting, one assigns the edges of a graph G labels from {‒1, 1}, and one seeks substructures F of G that have ‘high’ discrepancy (i.e. the sum of the labels of the edges in F is far from 0). In this paper we determine the minimum degree threshold for a graph to contain a perfect Kr-tiling of high discrepancy.
Emergency department utilisation and critical readmission in patients with Fontan circulation
Authors: Cashen Katherine , Petersen Tara L. , Rood Cailyn , Cater Daniel , Waslawski Sheila F. , Slaven James E. , Mastropietro Christopher W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:We aimed to conduct a multi-centre study characterising emergency department utilisation and critical readmissions experienced by children with Fontan circulation.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of children who underwent the Fontan operation at three institutions (i.e., centres A, B, and C) between 2009 and 2014, with follow-up through December 2015. Multi-variable analyses were performed to determine factors associated for emergency department utilisation within 1 year of surgery, emergency department utilisation at any time following surgery, or critical readmission (defined as admission to ICU, operating room, or cardiac catheterisation).Results:We reviewed 297 patients, of which 147 patients (49%) had 607 emergency department encounters. Forty-six patients (15%) required 71 critical readmissions. Multi-variable analyses revealed centre C (p = 0.02) and post-operative hospitalisation ≥ 14 days (p = 0.03) to be significantly associated with emergency department utilisation within 1 year, whereas centre B (p < 0.001), post-operative hospitalisation ≥ 14 days (p = 0.002), and African-American/Black race (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with critical readmission.Conclusions:In this multi-centre study, nearly half of patients with Fontan circulation received emergency department care, often presenting with high disease acuity requiring readmission. Emergency department utilisation and need for critical readmission were independently influenced by the centre at which surgery was performed, prolonged post-operative hospitalisation, and racial background. These data could help guide quality improvement efforts aimed at reducing morbidity in this unique patient population.
Association of MnSOD gene polymorphism with susceptibility to Kawasaki disease in Chinese children
Authors: Wu Jiping , Yu Meng , Huang Lihua , Qian Yujie , Kong Min , Kang Zhijuan , Yang Zuocheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:Kawasaki disease is a type of acute febrile rash disease that is common in children and is characterised by primary lesions of systemic middle and small vasculitis, which can lead to coronary artery lesions. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), one of the most important antioxidases in the human body, plays a key role in maintaining the balance of free radicals in the human body. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) (rs4880 and rs5746136) in the MnSOD gene were related to oxidative stress disease. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible relationship between MnSOD gene polymorphisms and Kawasaki disease susceptibility.Methods:This study included 100 Kawasaki disease children and 102 healthy children. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4880 and rs5746136) were detected by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.Results:There was a significant difference in both the genotype frequency (χ2 = 10.805, p = 0.005) and the allele frequency (χ2 = 7.948, p = 0.005) of rs5746136 between the Kawasaki disease group and the control group. Children with the A allele had a 0.558 times lower risk of Kawasaki disease than those without the A allele (χ2 = 7.948, p = 0.005, odds ratio = 0.558, 95% confidence interval = 0.371–0.838). There was no significant difference in the genotype and gene frequencies of rs5746136 between the Kawasaki disease-coronary artery lesion and Kawasaki disease-without coronary artery lesion groups (p > 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the rs4880 genotype and allele frequencies between the Kawasaki disease and healthy control groups or between the Kawasaki disease-coronary artery lesion and Kawasaki disease-without coronary artery lesions groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion:This study provides evidence supporting an association between MnSOD gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Kawasaki disease. The genotype AA and the allele A of the MnSOD gene locus rs5746136 were risk factors for Kawasaki disease.
ECMO Transport without Physicians or Additional Clinicians
Authors: Condella Anna , Richards Jeremy B. , Frakes Michael A. , Grant Christian J. , Cohen Jason E. , Wilcox Susan R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has accelerated rapidly for patients in severe cardiac or respiratory failure. As a result, ECMO networks are being developed across the world using a “hub and spoke” model. Current guidelines call for all patients transported on ECMO to be accompanied by a physician during transport. However, as ECMO centers and networks grow, the increasing number of transports will be limited by this mandate.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare rates of adverse events occurring during transport of ECMO patients with and without an additional clinician, defined as a physician, nurse practitioner (NP), or physician assistant (PA).Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study of all adults transported while cannulated on ECMO from 2011-2018 via ground and air between 21 hospitals in the northeastern United States, comparing transports with and without additional clinicians. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse events, and the secondary outcome was minor adverse events.Results:Over the seven-year study period, 93 patients on ECMO were transported. Twenty-three transports (24.7%) were accompanied by a physician or other additional clinician. Major adverse events occurred in 21.5% of all transports. There was no difference in the total rate of major adverse events between accompanied and unaccompanied transports (P = .91). Multivariate analysis did not demonstrate any parameter as being predictive of major adverse events.Conclusions:In a retrospective cohort study of transports of ECMO patients, there was no association between the overall rate of major adverse events in transport and the accompaniment of an additional clinician. No variables were associated with major adverse events in either cohort.