bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophy Hunter: Ulrich Seidl’s Portraits and Safari
Authors: Prager Brad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Austrian director Ulrich Seidl often films interview subjects as though they were posing for portrait photographs, and Seidl maintains that one of his major influences is the photographer Diane Arbus. This article examines how this high level of control over a film’s frames reveals strategies central to his filmmaking and especially to his documentary films. Seidl is particularly concerned with depicting his subjects’ complicity in the exploitation of labor, as seen in Safari (2016), a film about Austrians who travel to Namibia to hunt and collect trophies. Seidl presents viewers with unforgiving portraits of Austrian tourists, as he employs nearly every one of his trademark techniques to highlight the many contradictions behind his subjects’ perspectives.
An Elegy for German Cinema: Dominik Graf’s Doomed Loves and Open Wounds
Authors: Rentschler Eric 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The film essays Verfluchte Liebe deutscher Film (2016) and Offene Wunde deutscher Film (2017), coscripted and codirected by Dominik Graf and Johannes F. Sievert, survey the postwar history of genre cinema in the Federal Republic of Germany and take stock of the present situation. Their diagnosis is grim, for in their assessment the state of the nation’s film culture is altogether dire and depleted. Why, they wonder, are German films so unpopular? Why does Germany produce so few compelling genre films, and why do German films in general seem so averse to representing German bodies? In fact, and here is where their key emphasis lies, there have been some (albeit only a few) noteworthy counterexamples of German genre films that are vibrant and full of life, that plumb depths and probe outer limits, that relish excess and abound with sensuality. Graf and Sievert’s two films provide an impassioned intervention in the form of an archaeological excavation. This article considers its argument and examines its rhetoric, especially the way in which it eschews an artistic cinema of authors (Autorenkino) and espouses a more kinetic body cinema of action, affect, and violence.
Hyperthyroidism in cats: should we be routinely testing for early diagnosis?
Authors: Gordon Gillian M 
Published: October 2019

Background: Routine testing for hyperthyroidism could become standard practice in all cats, before the onset of clinical signs. Aims: To describe serum total thyroxine (T4) concentration levels in a population of clinically normal cats; to determine the range of T4 levels in clinically normal cats; to estimate the prevalence of hyperthyroidism in clinically normal cats and to identify risk factors for elevated T4 levels in clinically normal cats tested for hyperthyroidism and are diagnosed. Methods: Total T4 records of 202 clinically normal cats, tested for routine pre-anaesthetic bloods, using a Quantum Saturno 100 Vet wet chemistry analyser, were analysed retrospectively. Any result above or below the normal reference range was classified as being hypo/hyperthyroid. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software assisted in the analysis of blood results and highlighted risk factors associated with the disease. Results: Out of the 202 clinically normal cats, 76 did, in fact, have hyperthyroidism. There was a statistically significant association between breed and T4 result, with a much higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism and higher median T4 result in purebreed cats compared with crossbreed cats. Thus providing evidence that routine testing on all purebreed cats could be worthwhile. Age, weight, gender, neutered status and colour were not significantly associated with hyperthyroidism or T4 result. Conclusion: Purebreed cats are a group that could be routinely tested for hyperthyroidism, as results showed a statistically significant association between breed and T4 result.
A prospective, randomized, three arm, open label study comparing the safety and efficacy of PP110, a novel treatment for hemorrhoids to preparation-H® maximum strength cream in the treatment of grade 2–3 hemorrhoids
Authors: Klein Ehud , Shapiro Ron , Ben-Dahan Jose , Simcha Moshe , Azuri Yosef , Rosen Ada 
Published: October 2019

Background
Hemorrhoids are a common disorder that affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. The effectiveness of OTC medication is limited and they mainly provide symptomatic relief. In order to treat this ailment, we formulated PP110 Gel and Wipes, as a novel treatment for hemorrhoids. PP110 is based on known active ingredients with a topical film-forming agent designed to provide physical protection and prolonged tissue contact with the active ingredients.

Methods
PP110 Gel, PP110 Wipes and the comparator Preparation-H® were used on three patient cohorts. Treatment was administered once daily for PP110, and three-four times daily for Preparation-H®, for 14 days. Six different clinical parameters relating to common symptoms of hemorrhoids were monitored.

Results
PP110 Gel was significantly better than Preparation-H® in reducing bleeding (Δ = 6 %), providing pain relief (Δ = 10 %) and controlling itching (Δ = 11 %). These three parameters are considered as the most common distressing symptoms for hemorrhoids patients, demonstrating that PP110 is superior to conventional treatment.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the efficacy of the PP110 Gel in treating hemorrhoids and its superiority to conventional treatments. The PP110 film-based formulation provides a slow-release mechanism and as a consequence, a prolonged therapeutic window. PP110 was both more effective in reducing hemorrhoids symptoms and more convenient to use, in that it only required application once per day.
The need for Paediatric Emergency Laparotomy Audit (PELA) in the UK
Authors: Sinha CK , Rye E , Sunderland R , Rex D , Nicholls E , Okoye B 
Published: October 2019

Introduction The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) has raised serious concerns about the processes of care and outcomes in adult emergency laparotomies in the UK. To date, no comparable data have been published for children. The aim of this study was to investigate the need for a similar audit in children. Methods Data were collected retrospectively following NELA guidelines. Results were analysed using QuickCalcs (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, US). Results The study period spanned 7.5 years. A total of 161 patients were identified for inclusion in the audit. The median patient age was 2.8 years. Half (49%) of the cohort were deemed ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade ≥2. A history of previous abdominal surgery was noted in 37% of the patients. The median time from admission to operation was 15 hours. Over a third (39%) of the operations were performed out of hours. The most common indications for surgery comprised adhesive bowel obstruction (37%), intussusception (27%) and volvulus (9%). The median length of hospital stay was 8 days with the median postoperative stay being 6 days (NELA data 10.6 days). Half (51%) of the cases required intensive care following surgery. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.1%. The overall mortality rate was 4.3% (NELA data 16%). Patient care was led by a consultant surgeon in 100% of cases (NELA data 89%). Conclusions This is the first study in children that provides baseline data about the standards of care and outcomes from a single centre paediatric emergency laparotomy audit. A larger study using data from multiple centres would be of great benefit.
Adaptação curricular para alunos com síndrome de Down
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Santos , Pereira Lima Najra Danny , Lima Mayanny Silva , Medeiros Thalia Costa , Rocha Gilma Sannyelle Silva , Medeiros Thais Costa 
Published: October 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a percepção dos professores sobre adaptação curricular para alunos com Síndrome de Down. Trata-se de um estudo de campo de natureza aplicada, avaliativo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Para tanto utilizar-se á os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ser professor e atuar em salas de aulas regulares do ensino fundamental e aceitar de livre e espontânea vontade participar desta pesquisa. Serão excluídos os docentes que não estiverem em concordância com pelo menos um dos itens supracitados. Diante disto os riscos previstos neste estudo são: que os professores possam se sentir incapazes e inertes por não conhecerem muito sobre a temática, serem exposto sobre algo que não tenham conhecimento e não saiba responder. O estudo contou com a participação de 50 professores que responderam ao questionário. Logo, foi feito uma tabela contendo os dados sociodemográfico. Nota-se que os profissionais têm pouco conhecimento sobre as características do aluno com Síndrome de Down e que em sua maioria tem dúvidas acerca da adaptação curricular para alunos com SD. Portanto, é perceptível a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais sobre o tema e o quanto é necessário a qualificação dos profissionais da rede de ensino para atenderem as diversas demandas em sala de aulas.
Diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using EOG signals: a new approach
Authors: Latifoğlu Fatma , Esas Mustafa Yasin , Demirci Esra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA system based on objective data was developed in the diagnosis and follow-up of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this study. First of all, an electronic circuit, with a two-channel instrumentation amplifier designed to detect eye movements in the horizontal and vertical directions via surface electrodes, was developed to obtain the electrooculogram (EOG) signals. In order to provide a controlled analysis of eye movements during the reception of the signal, an attention test with visual stimulus software was developed. Eight patients with ADHD and eight healthy subjects were asked to monitor the stimulus images on the screen in the reference directions of the test system while recording EOG signals. According to the results of the t-test, no significant difference was found (p=0.11) between the healthy group and the reference movement information, whereas a significant difference was found between patients and the reference motion information (p=0.049). According to these results, it was seen that the number of eye movements of healthy individuals was statistically significant. In addition, they were inconsistent with the reference movement information. The level of significance was found to be low in patients. In this study, a new method is presented to test and diagnose individuals who were attention deficit.
Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
Authors: Bakdash Abdulsallam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 3-fluoromethcathinone (3-FMC), (±)-3-fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM), 4-chloroethcathinone (4-CEC) and 4-Bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) in human blood with (±)-methcathinone-D3 as internal standard has been developed and validated. Whole blood samples were treated with 10% trichloroacetic acid for protein precipitation before solid phase extraction. The method was selective, the calibration curves showed linearity for all substances with R2 ranging from 0.991 to 0.998 in the range 5-1.000 ng/mL. Analysis of blank samples showed no-sign of carryover. Precision and accuracy were acceptable with values less than 20% (RSD) and ± 20% (Bias). The limit of quantification (LOQ) for all substances was 5ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision were 2.111.7% and 1.3 -10.2% respectively and accuracy biases were between -10.6-19.6% % (intra-day) and 11-12.1% (inter-day). The extraction efficiencies were 85.4, 82.8, 79.1 and 74.9% for 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC and 4-BMC respectively.A robust and reliable simultaneous quantification method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode (GC-MS-SIM) is reported.
To What Extent Should We Enrich Law and Economics? On Calabresi and his Future of Law and Economics
Authors: Lanneau Régis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the “expanded” economic theory advocated in Calabresi’s book “The Future of Law and Economics” could be interpreted in at least three different ways, all of which are compatible. First, Calabresi’s book could be interpreted as an attempt to incentivize lawyer-economists to explore laws and regulations from different angles or perspectives rather than merely apply neoclassical theories. Second, it could be considered an attempt to justify the introduction of the notion of moral costs into law and economics to better explain some legal realities. Third, it could be considered an attempt to advocate, in a more normative way, the need to incorporate moral costs into real world analysis to better improve upon decision making.This paper will address and discuss each of these possible interpretations. It will be clear that, from an epistemological point of view, if the first interpretation might be more widely accepted because it is less controversial, the second and third interpretations remain more problematic. Admittedly, the concept of moral costs could obscure and even distort our understanding of some legal realities. Moreover, the introduction of such costs for decision making is raising questions which cannot be answered through economic theory alone.
Tailored surgery in inguinal hernia repair. The role of subarachnoid anesthesia: a retrospective study
Authors: Palumbo Piergaspare , Usai Sofia , Amatucci Chiara , Cerasari Saverio , Perotti Bruno , Ruggeri Luca , Cirocchi Roberto , Tellan Guglielmo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Safety and effectiveness evaluation of subarachnoid anesthesia implemented with hyperbaric Prilocaine in reduced dose (30mg) in combination with Fentanyl (20mcg), for the purpose of ensuring an optimal analgesia in open inguinal hernia repair.
Although the local anesthesia is the first line treatment for open inguinal hernia repair, a minority of patients is not eligible because of obesity or big groin hernia, requiring a high dose of local anesthetic. Subarachnoid anesthesia implemented with hyperbaric Prilocaine in reduced dose in combination with Fentanyl may be a good alternative.
Thirty patients were treated with intrathecal association of Prilocaine 30 mg and Fentanyl 20 mcg (group PF); they were compared to a group of fifty three ones, previously treated with a classic procedure with intrathecal Prilocaine 60 mg (group P).
The sensitive blockage remained within an higher limit at T12 level in the patients of PF group, and a lower limit at S1 level 50 minutes after the anesthesia, while in the P group the anesthetic tended to migrate (p<0.0001). In PF group 70 minutes after the anesthesia 21 patients had a Bromage score equal to 0 and 9 patients equal to 9 (in P group, 19 patients had a score equal to 3, 8 to 2 and 3 to 1, p<0.0001).
Subarachnoid anesthesia using Prilocaine 30 mg + Fentanyl 20 mcg could be stated as a viable alternative to local anesthesia in selected patients.
Pain revised – learning from anomalies
Authors: Granan Lars-Petter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As professional health care personnel we are well educated in anatomy, physiology, clinical medicine and so forth. Our patients present with various symptoms and signs that we use this knowledge to diagnose and treat. But sometimes the patient case contradicts our knowledge. Since the patient is the terrain and our knowledge is the map, these patient cases are anomalies that give us the opportunity to update our maps. One such anomaly is how time restricted amnesia can improve or even eradicate an underlying chronic pain condition and eliminate the patient’s dependence on daily opioid consumption. In this short communication I will use amnesia as a starting point to briefly review chronic pain from a learning and memory perspective. I will introduce, for many readers, new concepts like degeneracy and criticality, and together with more familiar concepts like habits and brain network activity, we will end with overarching principles for how chronic pain treatment in general can be crafted and individualized almost independently of the chronic pain condition at hand. This introductory article is followed by a review series that elaborates on the fundamental biological principles for chronic pain, treatment options, and testing the theory with real world data.
АГЕНТИ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИХ ЗМІН:
Authors: Mohammad Mahmud Islam AlmughId 
Published: October 2019

Розглядаються агенти демократичних змін як суб'єкти політичного процесу, та громадські актори, які виступають з позицій демократичних перетворень, ухвалення конкретних нормативних змін тощо. Вивчаються напрямки обговорення теми агентів демократичних змін на науковому рівні, що визначає можливості підвищення темпів демократизації країн що розвиваються, та, країн, які частково пройшли шлях демократизації. Розкриваються проактивна позиція молоді як агента демократичних змін на прикладі беруть активну участі молодих людей у суспільних рухах. Встановлюються особливості участі громадських активістів у політичному процесі. Обговорюється значення ангажованості політичними інтересами та процесами не лише соціально-демографічних групп, але й конкретних осіб. Вивчається інституційне середовище країн, що розвиваються, агенти демократичних змін розглядається у широкому сенсі. Досліджується участь жінок як агентів змін у процесах демократизації у зв’язку з особливостями поведінки політичної еліти та перебирання нею політичної відповідальності.
ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА:
Authors: Mihaylyuk Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Vershina Viktoriya Anatolevna 
Published: October 2019

Рассматривается смысл и содержание понятия «информационнная политика». Смысл понятия «информационная политика» раскрывается через понимание слагаемых «информационная» и «политика». Понятие «политика» выступает здесь как имя существительное, подчиняющее понятие, а «информационная» – как имя прилагательное, характеризующее основное понятие «политика». Т.е. понятие «политика» шире, чем понятие «информационная политика» и перекрывает последнее.
Политика рассматривается как разновидность управления. В основе политики лежат властные отношения, отношения руководства – подчинения. Информация рассматривается как результат внешнего знакового воздействия и его интерпретации, а не собственного опыта человека. Власть и ее осуществление рассматривается как коммуникационный процесс.
Информационная политика представляет собой использование информации как средства для достижения политических и иных целей, информационное воздействие политических акторов друг на друга. Власть – это информационное взаимодействие между управляющим и управляемым. В информационном обществе политика и информация – взаимозависимые явления, которые влияют друг на друга в процессе социального управления. Информационная политика является регулятором большинства сфер жизнедеятельности человека.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE PHENOTYPE OF DENDRITIC CELLS AND AMOUNTS OF BLOOD PROINFLAMMATORY MONOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY CANCER
Authors: Savchenko A. A. , Borisov A. G. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Moshev A. V. 
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate an interdependence between the phenotype of dendritic cells (DC) differentiated from monocytes and the number of pro-inflammatory monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with kidney cancer (KC). The study involved 28 patients at the age of 40-55 years suffering with KC (Т3N0М0, clear cell type) before surgical treatment. The diagnosis was verified histologically. 31 healthy agematched persons were examined as a control group. Mononuclear cells were isolated from heparinized venous blood by centrifugation in a Histopaque®-1077 density gradient followed by plastic adsorption in RPMI 1640 medium supplied with 10% autologous serum. Immature DCs (iDCs) were generated from blood monocytes by culturing for 5 days with GM-CSF and IFNα. Activation of DCs (mDCs) was induced by incubation with the tumor cell lysate and TNFα, followed by incubation for 48 hours. A tumor fragment was used to prepare the lysate of autologous tumor cells. Phenotyping of blood monocytes and DC at various maturation stages was performed by flow cytometry. The numbers of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in peripheral blood of KC patients were decreased (up to 42% of the total monocyte level) against the control ranges. In this regard, the analysis of the dependence between the phenotype of DCs differentiated from monocytes and the number of pro-inflammatory blood monocytes was carried out by comparing the groups with a high content of pro-inflammatory monocytes in the blood in KC patients (> 42%, near-control range) and low content (resp., < 42%). We have found that the contents of tolerogenic iDC in cell culture are increased in KC patients with low amounts of pro-inflammatory monocytes in blood (< 42%). A relatively increased expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules proved to be the specific feature of iDC phenotype in patients with high contents (> 42%) of proinflammatory monocytes in blood. The phenotype of dendritic cells in KC patients with different content of proinflammatory monocytes during maturation/activation showed more differences. In the patients with low levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes, the cell pool of in vitro maturing DCs was characterized by low level of CD86 and HLA-DR receptor expression, thus reflecting a weak co-stimulating and antigen-presenting activity. In the patients with high levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes in blood, the in vitro activated DCs showed higher level of functional activity using the above markers. The revealed differences in the DC phenotype and interrelations with amounts of blood monocyte subpopulations in KC patients may presume the programmed cell differentiation mechanisms depending on the microenvironment, under pathogenic conditions (i.e., in presence of malignant tumor growth).