bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The slow rise of technology: Computer vision techniques in fish population connectivity
Authors: Lopez‐Marcano Sebastian , Brown Christopher J. , Sievers Michael , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Technological advancements in data collection and analysis are producing a new generation of ecological data. Among these, computer vision (CV) has received increased attention for its robust capabilities for rapidly processing large volumes of digital imagery.
In marine ecosystems, the study of fish connectivity provides fundamental information for assessing fisheries stocks, designing and implementing protected areas and understanding the impact of habitat loss. While the field of fish connectivity has benefited from technological advancements, the extent to which novel techniques, such as CV, have been utilized has not been assessed. To inform future directions and developments, this study reviewed the current use of CV in fish connectivity research, quantified how the implementation of such technology in fish connectivity research compared with other areas of marine research and described how this field could benefit from CV.
The review found that the use of remote camera systems in fish connectivity research is increasing, but the implementation of automated analysis of digital imagery has been slow. Successful implementation and expansion of CV frameworks in aquaculture and coral reef ecology suggest that CV techniques could greatly benefit fish connectivity research.
A case study of potential use of CV in fish connectivity research, scaling up optimal foraging models to predict marine population connectivity, highlights how beneficial it could be.
The capacity for CV techniques to be adopted alongside traditional approaches, the unparalleled speed, accuracy and reliability of these approaches and the benefits of being able to study ecosystems along multiple spatial–temporal scales, all make CV a valuable tool for assessing connectivity. Ultimately, these technologies can assist data‐driven decisions that directly influence the health and productivity of marine ecosystems.
Interactions of larval dynamics and substrate preference have ecological significance for benthic biodiversity and Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 in the presence of Crepidula fornicata
Authors: Preston Joanne , Fabra Monica , Helmer Luke , Johnson Emma , Harris‐Scott Eric , Hendy Ian W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Populations of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis have experienced catastrophic declines across Europe and subsequent spread of the non‐native species Crepidula fornicata has led to its occurrence in exceptionally high densities in some areas previously dominated by O. edulis.
Spatial and temporal concurrence of C. fornicata larvae within the zooplankton community occurs throughout the O. edulis spawning season. A C. fornicata larval peak density of 374.7 ± 96.5 larvae/ml (mean ± SD) was observed in Langston Harbour sympatrically with O. edulis density of 45.7 ± 20.1 larvae/ml in early August. Overall oyster larvae contribution to the zooplankton community was higher in Portsmouth Harbour (12%) than C. fornicata contribution (9.6%), whilst the opposite occurred in Langstone (oysters, 11.7%; C. fornicata, 12%).
Larval abundance is not reflected in recruitment on the seabed, owing to the conspecific substrate preference of O. edulis. Settlement of O. edulis spat was significantly greater on settlement discs covered with recently deceased oyster shells; 6.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE) spat/disc vs old smooth oyster shells, 2.7 ± 1.3, C. fornicata shell 1.7 ± 0.3, cemented discs 2 ± 1 or the plastic control disc 0.7 ± 0.7.
Settlement substrate type matters in the presence of high benthic and larval densities of C. fornicata. The Solent has become a substrate‐limited system for O. edulis; substrate management or reef deployment is required to restore a self‐recruiting population.
Finally, although C. fornicata may provide functional equivalence in terms of filtering services, it supports a significantly different and less biodiverse faunal community from that of O. edulis. Therefore C. fornicata does not provide equivalence as an ecosystem engineer and mechanisms of ecological phase shift are occurring within areas dominated by this invasive species.
Design and synthesis of pyrazole–pyrazoline hybrids as cancer‐associated selective COX‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Akhtar Wasim , Marella Akranth , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz , Khan Mohemmed F. , Akhtar Mymoona , Anwer Tariq , Khan Farah , Naematullah Md. , Azam Faizul , Rizvi Moshahid A. , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn continuation of our previous work on cancer and inflammation, 15 novel pyrazole–pyrazoline hybrids (WSPP1–15) were synthesized and fully characterized. The formation of the pyrazoline ring was confirmed by the appearance of three doublets of doublets in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra exhibiting an AMX pattern for three protons (HA, HM, and HX) of the pyrazoline ring. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against five cell lines, that is, MCF‐7, A549, SiHa, COLO205, and HepG2 cells, using the MTT growth inhibition assay. 5‐Fluorouracil was taken as the positive control in the study. It was observed that, among them, WSPP11 was found to be active against A549, SiHa, COLO205, and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 4.94, 4.54, 4.86, and 2.09 µM. All the derivatives were also evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. WSPP11 was also found to be nontoxic against normal cells (cell line HaCaT), with an IC50 value of more than 50 µM. The derivatives were also evaluated for their in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity by the protein (egg albumin) denaturation assay and the red blood cell membrane stabilizing assay, using diclofenac sodium and celecoxib as standard. Compounds that showed significant anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activities were further studied for COX‐2 inhibition. The manifestation of a higher COX‐2 selectivity index of WSPP11 as compared with other derivatives and an in vitro anticancer activity against four cell lines further established that compounds that were more selective toward COX‐2 also exhibited a better spectrum of activity against various cancer cell lines.
The social logic of irrigation. Accessibility based approach towards evaluating the water management infrastructure of the archaeological site of Miran
Authors: Hanus Kasper 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article presents a new method for an assessment of past water–human interactions. The method is based on a tool developed by space syntax pioneers Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson: a gamma graph analysis representing ‘permeability’ of buildings. The article discusses how this tool was altered in order to model a water management system. Subsequently, the method is tested on a case study – an ancient oasis‐city of Miran in north‐western China. The positive verification makes the author argue that the introduced method can provide new insight into the relations of power interlinked with water management.
Connecting copula properties with reliability properties of coherent systems
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Durante Fabrizio , Fernández‐Sánchez Juan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe connect copula properties with stochastic comparisons between order statistics (k‐out‐of‐n systems) and coherent systems with dependent components. The copula dependence properties lead to marginal distribution‐free ordering properties between systems. Conversely, ordering properties of systems lead to properties (or new proofs of properties) for the baseline copulas. These relationships can be used to explain the meaning of mathematical properties and/or functional inequalities arising in the class of copulas. Some illustrative examples are provided including series and parallel systems with two or three components. The procedure introduced here can be applied to various system structures, even in high dimensions. In practice they can be used to determine various facets of dependency among the components of a system.
Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence
Authors: Zhong Caichen , Tessing Jillian , Lee Brian K. , Lyall Kristen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrenatal maternal diet is a critical factor in offspring neurodevelopment. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal diet may also play a role in the etiology autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review summarizes studies published in English that examined prenatal nutrients or maternal diet in association with ASD from PubMed as of July 2020. Thiry‐six studies from nine countries were included in this systematic review; these focused on multivitamin (n = 5), prenatal vitamin (n = 3), folic acid (FA; n = 14), Vitamin D (n = 11), polyunsaturated fatty acid or fish/supplement intake (n = 7), iron (n = 3), Vitamin B12 (n = 1), calcium (n = 1), magnesium (n = 1), and broad maternal dietary habits (n = 3). Overall, higher or moderate intake of prenatal/multivitamin, FA, and Vitamin D was associated with reductions in odds of ASD, though results have not been uniform and there is a need to clarify differences in findings based on biomarkers versus reported intake. Evidence was inconclusive or insufficient for other nutrients. Differences in the timing and measurement of these dietary factors, as well as potential residual confounding, may contribute to existing discrepancies. Key areas for future research to better understand the role of maternal diet in ASD include the need to address potential critical windows, examine the combined effect of multiple nutrients, and consider interactions with genetic or environmental factors.Lay SummaryMaternal diet during pregnancy is important for child neurodevelopment. We reviewed 36 studies examining maternal diet and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and found that prenatal vitamin/multivitamin use and adequate intake of folic acid and Vitamin D were each associated with lower likelihood of having a child with ASD. Future studies on these and other dietary factors are needed to better understand the role of maternal diet in the development of ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1634–1658. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Ultraviolet advanced oxidation for indirect and direct potable reuse in California
Authors: Bernados Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is high interest in the use of ultraviolet (UV) treatment processes for potable reuse. Advanced and alternative technologies are reviewed at the California Division of Drinking Water. UV is the predominant process used for advanced oxidation (AOP) for projects involved in potable reuse. Potable reuse with and without AOP is discussed. UV AOP is highly effective at inactivating microbiological pathogens and oxidization of organics that pass through the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. While RO is extremely effective at removing most organic chemicals, there are a few, such as N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), that are removed at less than 90% because of factors such as low molecular weight. With a high dose of UV, the N‐N bond is broken and thus can be used to degrade nitrosamines, such as NDMA. UV AOP is also highly effective at removing many unregulated compounds such as 1,4‐dioxane and other chemical pollutants that may be found at trace levels in RO permeate.
Developing a treatment for hand‐clapping maintained by automatic reinforcement using sensory analysis, noncontingent reinforcement, and thinning
Authors: Slocum Sarah K. , Yatros Nicolette , Scheithauer Mindy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo subjects diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and related disabilities who engaged in hand‐clapping maintained by automatic reinforcement participated in this study. We conducted a sensory analysis to evaluate matched stimuli that functioned as an abolishing operation or extinction for different sources of sensory reinforcement. Finally, we implemented noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) using the stimuli found to compete in the assessment to reduce the target behavior, and we thinned item availability. Results showed a decrease in hand‐clapping, and hand‐clapping remained low when we thinned the schedule of reinforcement. This research further elucidates how NCR can treat problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement.
Control of leached beta‐glucan levels from depth filters by an improved depth filtration flush strategy
Authors: Holstein Melissa , Jang Dongyoun , Urrea Christine , Botta Lakshmi Sirisha , Grimm William , Ghose Sanchayita , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBeta‐glucans are polysaccharides of D‐glucose monomers linked by (1–3) beta‐glycosidic bonds, are found to have a potential immunogenicity risk in biotherapeutic products, and are labeled as process contaminants. A common source of beta‐glucans is from the cellulose found in traditional depth filter media. Typically, beta‐glucan impurities that leach into the product from the primary clarification depth filters can be removed by the subsequent bind‐and‐elute affinity chromatography capture step. Beta‐glucans can also be removed by a bind‐and‐elute cation exchange chromatography step, which is useful for removing beta‐glucans introduced by a post‐Protein A depth filtration step. However, the increasing prevalence of flowthrough polishing chromatography poses a challenge for beta‐glucan removal due to the lack of any bind‐and‐elute chromatography steps after the post‐Protein A depth filter. In this work, a depth filter flush strategy was developed to control beta‐glucan leaching into the product pool. Different loading conditions for the depth filtration and subsequent chromatography steps were evaluated to determine the robustness of the optimized flush strategy. Carry through runs demonstrated greater than two‐fold reduction in beta‐glucan levels using the optimized wash as compared to standard filter flush conditions.
Adapting virus filtration to enable intensified and continuous monoclonal antibody processing
Authors: Bohonak David M. , Mehta Ushma , Weiss Eric R. , Voyta Greg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOngoing efforts in the biopharmaceutical industry to enhance productivity and reduce manufacturing costs include development of intensified, linked, and/or continuous processes. One approach to improve productivity and process economics of the polishing step (i.e., anion exchange chromatography) is to preconcentrate the product intermediate using a single‐pass tangential flow filtration step before loading on the resin. This intensification of the polishing step consequently leads to changes in product intermediate concentration for subsequent virus filtration operations, potentially impacting filter performance and methods for evaluating viral clearance. The filtrate flux performance of a virus filtration operation was evaluated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions of varying concentrations. These data were used to evaluate the effect on filter sizing for a hypothetical mAb perfusion process. The optimum mAb concentration to minimize the area of the virus filter was a function of the filtration step duration and reflected the competing effects of increasing concentration and decreasing volumetric flux on the membrane productivity. mAb solutions at high and low concentrations were used to evaluate viral clearance with extended filtration times (e.g., 24–72 h) simulating continuous processing conditions. Modifications to more traditional filtration viral clearance study methods were required to avoid experimental artifacts associated with the extended filtration time. No virus passage through the filter was observed under these conditions, similar to previous results for batch processes. These data demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining effective virus removal even when mAb concentration and filtrations times are increased by up to an order of magnitude from current common practices.
A framework utilizing augmented reality to improve critical thinking ability and learning gain of the students in Physics
Authors: Faridi Harun , Tuli Neha , Mantri Archana , Singh Gurjinder , Gargrish Shubham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysics is a branch of science that deals with different properties of energy and matter. Most of the principles of Physics are based on Mathematics, Mechanics, Optics, Electricity, Magnetism, and Thermodynamics. It is often difficult for students to grasp concepts as they cannot visualize the phenomena, resulting in compounding the problem of lack of interest in STEM subjects. Augmented reality (AR) can be effective in providing better visualization and interaction with real‐like three‐dimensional virtual objects that can ease the learning experience. In this paper, an AR‐based learning environment is developed to help students understand concepts of the magnetic field, electric current, electromagnetic waves, Maxwell's equations, and Fleming's rules for electromagnetism. An experimental study was conducted to determine the impact of AR intervention on student's learning and critical thinking capabilities. The study was conducted among 80 engineering students, who were distributed into two different groups: the AR teaching group (N = 40) and the conventional teaching group (N = 40). The AR teaching group was instructed through the AR‐based learning environment while the conventional teaching group students were taught using a conventional teaching approach. The experimental results indicate that the AR‐based learning environment has a significant positive impact on the critical thinking and learning gain of the students. The AR experience helped the students in visualizing the abstract concepts of Physics and enhanced their understanding.
Molecular and immunological associations of elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in metastatic melanoma patients: A fresh look at an old biomarker
Authors: Fischer Grant M. , Carapeto Fernando C. L. , Joon Aron Y. , Haydu Lauren E. , Chen Huiqin , Wang Fuchenchu , Van Arnam John S. , McQuade Jennifer L. , Wani Khalida , Kirkwood John M. , Thompson John F. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Lazar Alexander J. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. , Davies Michael A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTElevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma (MM). It is currently unknown if sLDH elevation correlates with distinct molecular, metabolic, or immune features of melanoma metastases. The identification of such features may identify rational therapeutic strategies for patients with elevated sLDH. Thus, we obtained sLDH levels for melanoma patients with metastases who had undergone molecular and/or immune profiling. Our analysis of multi‐omics data from independent cohorts of melanoma metastases showed that elevated sLDH was not significantly associated with differences in immune cell infiltrate, point mutations, DNA copy number variations, promoter methylation, RNA expression, or protein expression in melanoma metastases. The only significant association observed for elevated sLDH was with the number of metastatic sites of disease. Our data support that sLDH correlates with disease burden, but not specific molecular or immunological phenotypes, in metastatic melanoma.
Survivor‐led relational psychotherapy and embodied trauma: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Forde Caroline , Duvvury Nata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood sexual abuse has complex and multifarious consequences for one's physical and mental health, including injuries and psychological illnesses such as depression (Psychological Bulletin, 99, 1986, 66; The SAVI Report. Sexual abuse and violence in Ireland. A national study of Irish experiences, beliefs and attitudes concerning sexual violence, 2002; Journal of Paediatric Health Care, 24, 2010, 358). In contrast to traditional psychotherapeutic approaches that focus on the treatment of disorders, humanistic integrative frameworks address the relational and neurobiological roots, and cumulative impact, of trauma (Rape: How women, the community and the health sector respond, 2007; The body remembers: The psychophysiology of trauma and trauma treatment, 2000). Quantitative research investigating the efficacy of these various therapies is gaining momentum (Campbell Systematic Reviews, 9, 2013, 3; Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 2014, 645; Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203, 2015, 443), yet qualitative evidence on individuals' experiences, and analyses of a humanistic approach, are lacking.AimThis study sought to address these gaps by examining the role of Rape Crisis Centre (RCC) specialist psychotherapy in addressing the psychophysiological impact of child sexual abuse in Ireland.MethodSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 11 adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse accessing RCC therapy and 12 RCC psychotherapists. Interview questions focused on their experiences and perspectives of RCC therapy and recovery. Interview data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.FindingsThe analysis showed that working with embodied trauma is integral to the recovery process, while providing salient insights into the complexity of the empowerment approach in trauma work. Recovery is survivor‐led, but it is the individual's somatic experience that guides the process, monitored by the psychotherapist.ConclusionsThis study makes an important contribution to trauma treatment research by detailing the lived experience of the recovery process. The findings enhance our understanding of the dynamics involved in processing the biological, psychological and social components of sexual abuse trauma. They also underscore the importance of a non‐directive relational approach. Implications for practice are discussed.
Anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa Induce Apoptosis in Caco‐2 Cells through Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wei Jie , Yu Wenchen , Hao Ruobing , Fan Jungang , Gao Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In this study, the Caco‐2 in vitro cell model was used to study the effect and mechanism of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott anthocyanins (AMA) on colon cancer. The experimental results showed that the binding energy of anthocyanins on β‐catenin was in the range of −5.92 to 4.95 kcal/mol, with good low energy parameters and binding positions. AMA can inhibit cell proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest. RT‐PCR and Western blot results showed that AMA can reduce cytoplasmic β‐catenin and inhibit the expression of related proteins in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. This study revealed the AMA inhibitory effect and mechanism of malignant biological behavior of Caco‐2 cells, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer by Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.