bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐year outcomes of Whānau Pakari, a multi‐disciplinary assessment and intervention for children and adolescents with weight issues: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Anderson Yvonne C. , Wynter Lisa E. , O'Sullivan Niamh A. , Wild Cervantée E. K. , Grant Cameron C. , Cave Tami L. , Derraik José G. B. , Hofman Paul L. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo determine whether 12‐month BMI SDS reductions persisted at 24 months in a multi‐disciplinary assessment and intervention program for children and adolescents with obesity, and whether secondary outcomes improved.MethodsThis was a community‐based 12‐month RCT in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Eligible participants were aged 5 to 16 years with BMI ≥98th centile or BMI >91st centile with weight‐related comorbidities. The low‐intensity control received comprehensive home‐based baseline assessments and advice, and 6‐monthly follow‐up. The high‐intensity intervention received the same assessments and advice, but also weekly multidisciplinary sessions. Primary outcome was BMI SDS at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular and metabolic markers.Results121 participants (60% of participants at baseline) were assessed at 24 months. BMI SDS reduction at 12 months was lost at 24 months in the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis [Control −0.03 (95%CI −0.14, 0.09) and Intervention −0.02 (−0.12, 0.08); P = .93]. However, sweet drink intake was reduced, water intake increased, and there were improvements in cardiovascular fitness in the high‐intensity intervention. ≥70% attendance in the high‐intensity intervention resulted in a persistent BMI SDS reduction of −0.22 after 24 months (95%CI −0.38, −0.06).ConclusionsThis trial was negative in terms of primary outcome at 24 months. However, high engagement led to sustained treatment effect, and there were multiple improvements in health measures.
A hermeneutic phenomenological exploration of ‘last resort’ in the use of restraint
Authors: Riahi Sanaz , Thomson Gill , Duxbury Joy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRestraining patients is a practice that dates back at least three centuries. In recent years, there has been a mandate and advocacy in various countries for organizations to shift towards the minimization of restraint, whereby its use is only as a ‘last resort’. There is growing evidence internationally indicating the negative impact of the use of restraint. However, to date there is no research specifically focusing on trying to understand the concept of ‘last resort’. Further insights to explore this concept among mental health nurses are therefore warranted. The empirical research comprised a hermeneutic phenomenological study. By recruiting and interviewing thirteen mental health nurses from across Canada who had experiences of restraint use, the research aimed to generate a deeper understanding of the meanings and lived experiences of the concept of ‘last resort’. Data were collected through fifteen in‐depth interviews. Data analysis was undertaken through a hermeneutic phenomenological framework based on van Manen’s approach and Heideggerian philosophy. Five Heideggerian concepts were used to illuminate ‘last resort’ in restraint use by mental health nurses – temporality, inauthenticity, thrownness, leaping in and leaping ahead, and mood (fear). Key findings highlight the influence of nurses’ past experiences, how nursing staff adopt a collective (rather than individual) approach, and the dependency on knowledge and skills of others in using restraint as a ‘last resort’. Overall, the lived experience of ‘last resort’ is comprised of many elements. This study provides insights and an initial understanding, which is hoped to advance the field of restraint minimization.
Improvement of critical current density of MgB2 bulk superconductor processed by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Noudem Jacques G. , Xing Yiteng , Bernstein Pierre , Retoux Richard , Higuchi Masaki , Arvapalli Srikanth S. , Muralidhar Miryala , Murakami Masato 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a promising rapid consolidation technique that allows a better understanding and optimization of the sintering kinetics and therefore makes it possible to obtain MgB2 bulk superconductor with tailored microstructures consisting of grains with either spherical or elongated morphology. In this contribution, the role of the precursor powders on the superconducting properties of MgB2 is investigated. Three sets of bulk MgB2 material were processed from: (i) a commercially available MgB2 powder; (ii) a mixture of Mg metal and amorphous B using a single‐step solid‐state reaction process and (iii) a mixture of amorphous boron coated with carbon and Mg metal. The samples were prepared in the same SPS processing conditions. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, SEM and TEM and correlated to their superconducting properties. The critical current density of the best sample at 20K was Jc = 500 kA/cm2 in self‐field, which is one of the highest critical current density reported for MgB2 bulk superconductors.
Effect of pH on the detailed chemical nature and metal‐carbonate species in as synthesized zirconia alumina composites
Authors: Pathan Ruhi H. , Modi Chetan K. , G. Basrur Arun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZirconia was deposition precipitated on γ‐alumina in pH range 7‐10 from zirconium oxy‐nitrate and soda ash. Zirconium formed its hydroxycarbonate as deduced from ICP‐EOS, CHN, and TGA‐MS. Higher pH favored formation of carbonate species of zirconium over its hydroxide. TGA‐MS indicated formation of three different types of carbonate species. FTIR results corroborated this. Monodentate metal carbonate was observed irrespective of pH of preparation. In addition, bridged bidentate species formed at pH ≤ 8 which changed to chelating bidentate at pH > 8. XRD indicated that all the samples formed tetragonal‐zirconia upon calcination irrespective of pH of preparation. Higher pH resulted in smaller crystallites of t‐ZrO2. Changes in chemical moiety with pH reflected on acidity and the deactivation rate for 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol which decreased by two orders of magnitude in samples prepared at higher pH. Surface area and pore volume benefited from deposition precipitation. SEM‐EDAX showed reasonable distribution of zirconia over γ‐Al2O3.
The role of perceived vulnerability to disease in political polarization on climate change
Authors: Anderson Evan , Zebrowitz Leslie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change presents a serious threat to the planet. Previous research reveals an ingroup–outgroup effect in support for climate policies, with greater support by U.S. participants for policies ostensibly endorsed by their own political party, despite acceptance of climate change among most Republicans and Democrats. We investigated moderation of this effect by the behavioral immune system (BIS), a suite of psychological mechanisms that cause individuals to avoid pathogens. This system has been linked to more negative responses to outgroup members. We extended previous research examining effects on group polarization to political polarization. We predicted that support for climate change policies would show stronger effects of own‐versus other‐party endorsement among people higher in BIS, as indexed by perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD). We found that the ingroup–outgroup endorsement effect on policy support was moderated by PVD. However, the effect was opposite to prediction. Whereas low PVD participants showed less support for climate policies endorsed by the other party than their own, high PVD participants supported climate policies regardless of endorser. This unexpected result may be construed as consistent with high PVD individuals feeling heightened vulnerability to environmental threats, which fosters support for protective policies, regardless of endorser. We also found less support for climate policies among Republican than Democrat low PVD participants, but no party effect among high PVD participants. This suggests that feeling vulnerable to environmental threats may lead Republicans to deviate from the party norm in their support for climate policies.
Hepatic31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified the impact of melatonin‐pretreated mitochondria in acute liver ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Ko Sheung‐Fat , Chen Yi‐Ling , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Chu Yi‐Ching , Huang Chung‐Cheng , Huang Chi‐Ruei , Yip Hon‐Kan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute liver ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), commonly encountered during liver resection and transplantation surgery, is strongly associated with unfavourable clinical outcome. However, a prompt and accurate diagnosis and the treatment of this entity remain formidable challenges. This study tested the hypothesis that31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) findings could provide reliable living images to accurately identify the degree of acute liver IRI and melatonin‐pretreated mitochondria was an innovative treatment for protecting the liver from IRI in rat. Adult male SD rats were categorized into group 1 (sham‐operated control), group 2 (IRI only) and group 3 (IRI + melatonin [ie mitochondrial donor rat received intraperitoneal administration of melatonin] pretreated mitochondria [10 mg/per rat by portal vein]). By the end of study period at 72 hours,31P‐MRS showed that, as compared with group 1, the hepatic levels of ATP and NADH were significantly lower in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3, and significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1. The liver protein expressions of mitochondrial‐electron‐transport‐chain complexes and mitochondrial integrity exhibited an identical pattern to31P‐MRS finding. The protein expressions of oxidative stress, inflammatory, cellular stress signalling and mitochondrial‐damaged biomarkers displayed an opposite finding of31P‐MRS, whereas the protein expressions of antioxidants were significantly progressively increased from groups 1 to 3. Microscopic findings showed that the fibrotic area/liver injury score and inflammatory and DNA‐damaged biomarkers exhibited an identical pattern of cellular stress signalling. Melatonin‐pretreated mitochondria effectively protected liver against IRI and31P‐MRS was a reliable tool for measuring the mitochondrial/ATP consumption in living animals.
The in vivo preventive and therapeutic properties of curcumin in bile reflux‐related oncogenesis of the hypopharynx
Authors: Doukas Sotirios G. , Doukas Panagiotis G. , Sasaki Clarence T. , Vageli Dimitra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBile at strongly acidic pH exerts a carcinogenic effect on the hypopharynx, based upon recent pre‐clinical studies that support its role as an independent risk factor. We recently demonstrated in vitro that curcumin can prevent oncogenic profile of bile in human hypopharyngeal cells, by inhibiting NF‐κB. We hypothesize that topically applied curcumin to the hypopharynx can similarly block early oncogenic molecular events of bile, by inhibiting NF‐κB and consequently altering the expression of genes with oncogenic function. Using Mus musculus (C57Bl/6J), we topically applied curcumin (250 μmol/L; three times per day; 10 days) to the hypopharynx, 15 minutes before, 15 minutes after or in combination with bile acids (pH 3.0). Immunohistochemical analysis and qPCR revealed that topically applied curcumin either before, after or in combination with acidic bile exposure significantly suppressed its induced NF‐κB activation in regenerating epithelial cells, and overexpression of Rela, Bcl2, Egfr, Stat3, Wnt5a, Tnf, Il6, Ptgs2. Akt1 was particularly inhibited by curcumin when applied simultaneously with bile. We provide novel evidence into the preventive and therapeutic properties of topically applied curcumin in acidic bile‐induced early oncogenic molecular events in hypopharyngeal mucosa, by inhibiting NF‐κB, and shaping future translational development of effective targeted therapies using topical non‐pharmacologic inhibitors of NF‐κB.
Combined analysis of RNA‐sequence and microarray data reveals effective metabolism‐based prognostic signature for neuroblastoma
Authors: Meng Xinyao , Feng Chenzhao , Fang Erhu , Feng Jiexiong , Zhao Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relationship between metabolism reprogramming and neuroblastoma (NB) is largely unknown. In this study, one RNA‐sequence data set (n = 153) was used as discovery cohort and two microarray data sets (n = 498 and n = 223) were used as validation cohorts. Differentially expressed metabolic genes were identified by comparing stage 4s and stage 4 NBs. Twelve metabolic genes were selected by LASSO regression analysis and integrated into the prognostic signature. The metabolic gene signature successfully stratifies NB patients into two risk groups and performs well in predicting survival of NB patients. The prognostic value of the metabolic gene signature is also independent with other clinical risk factors. Nine metabolism‐related long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were also identified and integrated into the metabolism‐related lncRNA signature. The lncRNA signature also performs well in predicting survival of NB patients. These results suggest that the metabolic signatures have the potential to be used for risk stratification of NB. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) reveals that multiple metabolic processes (including oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle, both of which are emerging targets for cancer therapy) are enriched in the high‐risk NB group, and no metabolic process is enriched in the low‐risk NB group. This result indicates that metabolism reprogramming is associated with the progression of NB and targeting certain metabolic pathways might be a promising therapy for NB.
Research Review: Recommendations for reporting on treatment trials for child and adolescent anxiety disorders – an international consensus statement
Authors: Creswell Cathy , Nauta Maaike H. , Hudson Jennifer L. , March Sonja , Reardon Tessa , Arendt Kristian , Bodden Denise , Cobham Vanessa E. , Donovan Caroline , Halldorsson Brynjar , In‐Albon Tina , Ishikawa Shin‐ichi , Johnsen Daniel Bach , Jolstedt Maral , de Jong Rachel , Kreuze Leonie , Mobach Lynn , Rapee Ronald M. , Spence Susan H. , Thastum Mikael , Utens Elisabeth , Vigerland Sarah , Wergeland Gro Janne , Essau Cecilia A. , Albano Anne Marie , Chu Brian , Khanna Muniya , Silverman Wendy K. , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAnxiety disorders in children and young people are common and bring significant personal and societal costs. Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial increase in research evaluating psychological and pharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders in children and young people and exciting and novel research has continued as the field strives to improve efficacy and effectiveness, and accessibility of interventions. This increase in research brings potential to draw together data across studies to compare treatment approaches and advance understanding of what works, how, and for whom. There are challenges to these efforts due largely to variation in studies’ outcome measures and variation in the way study characteristics are reported, making it difficult to compare and/or combine studies, and this is likely to lead to faulty conclusions. Studies particularly vary in their reliance on child, parent, and/or assessor‐based ratings across a range of outcomes, including remission of anxiety diagnosis, symptom reduction, and other domains of functioning (e.g., family relationships, peer relationships).MethodsTo address these challenges, we convened a series of international activities that brought together the views of key stakeholders (i.e., researchers, mental health professionals, young people, parents/caregivers) to develop recommendations for outcome measurement to be used in treatment trials for anxiety disorders in children and young people.Results and ConclusionsThis article reports the results of these activities and offers recommendations for selection and reporting of outcome measures to (a) guide future research and (b) improve communication of what has been measured and reported. We offer these recommendations to promote international consistency in trial reporting and to enable the field to take full advantage of the great opportunities that come from data sharing going forward.
A randomised controlled trial of a relationship‐focussed mobile phone application for improving adolescents’ mental health
Authors: O’Dea Bridianne , Han Jin , Batterham Philip J. , Achilles Melinda R. , Calear Alison L. , Werner‐Seidler Aliza , Parker Belinda , Shand Fiona , Christensen Helen 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis study evaluated the acceptability and effectiveness of a relationship‐focussed mobile phone application (WeClick) for improving depressive symptoms and other mental health outcomes in adolescents.MethodsA randomised controlled trial involving 193 youth (M age: 14.82, SD: 0.94, 86.5% female) from Australia was conducted. Youth were recruited via the Internet and randomly allocated to the intervention or a 4‐week wait list control condition, stratified for age and gender. The primary outcome was change in depressive symptom scores measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ‐A) at baseline, 4‐week post‐test and 12‐week follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, psychological distress, wellbeing, help‐seeking intentions for mental health, social self‐efficacy and social support. Participants in the intervention condition received access to the intervention for four weeks. Thematic analysis was utilised to identify and examine acceptability.ResultsThe change in PHQ‐A scores from baseline to 4‐week post‐test did not differ significantly (d = 0.26, p = .138) between the intervention (Mchange = −2.9, SD = 5.3) and wait list control conditions (Mchange = −1.7, SD = 4.3). However, significant between‐group improvements were observed in wellbeing (d = 0.37, p = .023), help‐seeking intentions (d = 0.36, p = .016) and professional help‐seeking intentions for mental health problems (d = 0.36, p = .008). Increases in help‐seeking intentions were sustained at follow‐up in the intervention condition. No differential effects were found for generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, social self‐efficacy or for any social support outcomes. Over 90% of participants indicated the app was enjoyable, interesting and easy to use. The app provided ‘advice and direction’ (n = 42; 46.15%), an ‘opportunity for self‐reflection’ (n = 33; 36.3%) and ‘normalised experiences’ (n = 21; 23.1%).ConclusionsThe WeClick app was found to be effective for improving wellbeing and help‐seeking intentions for mental health in adolescents. A larger, adequately powered trial is now required to establish differential effects on depressive symptoms. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12618001982202.
Age and growth of slender tuna (Allothunnus fallai) in an unexploited temperate population
Authors: Bradley Kirsty A. , Arkhipkin Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany large predatory fishes are in decline and tuna sustainability is high on the global agenda. Slender tuna (SLT), Allothunnus fallai, is data‐poor and a rare contemporary example of a globally unexploited temperate tuna. This study analysed 214 otoliths for age and growth of fish collected in the South Atlantic. Observed ages varied between 9 and 42 years for a size range of 68–90 cm fork length. We reveal important life history data for SLT before exploitation and underline the relevance of data‐poor stocks in understanding wider questions for exploited tuna.
Modeling the combined effect of high hydrostatic pressure and mild heat on the sub‐lethal injury of Listeria monocytogenes by Box–Behnken design
Authors: Zhu Hua , Xu Yanyan , Qi Guohong , Wang Suilou , Wang Haixiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, a predictive model based on the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was applied to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (300, 400 and 500 MPa), temperature (20, 30 and 40°C) and treatment time (5, 10 and 15 min) on the sub‐lethal injury of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The percentage of sub‐lethal injury was calculated by the difference in L. monocytogenes counts observed on nonselective and selective media. The established predictive model presented a goodness of fit to the experimental data (p < .001) with high correlation coefficient value (R2 = .9999) and adjusted correlation coefficient value (Adj‐R2 = .9995), along with an insignificant lack‐of‐fit term (p = .4299). The synergistic effects of pressure, temperature and treatment time on the sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes were found within the tested experimental ranges. Results indicated that the established model has the potential for predicting the effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing on the sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes.Practical ApplicationsHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been an attractive way to replace conventional heat treatments to inactivate microorganisms for the preservation of foods. However, HHP processing can cause microorganisms to enter sub‐lethal injury state which pose a threat to food safety. There is a great need of quantification of injured population of L. monocytogenes in a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. In this study, the changes of sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes are described, which can be used to assess the HHP treatment efficacy and the synergistic action in food sterilization processes. The modeling for the sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes cells induced by HHP processing combined mild heat was established. The effects of HHP processing on the sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes could be understood further by this modeling which was helpful to facilitate industrial adoption of this technology. Based on these data, there was a reference for us to select appropriate processing parameters to avoid appearance of sub‐lethal injury of L. monocytogenes cells as far as possible during HHP in food industry.