bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illness Perception is a Predictor of Medication Adherence and Health Related Quality of Life in Patients Living with Epilepsy
Authors: Eshiet Unyime , Ekeh Bertha , Oparah Sidney 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the relationship between illness perception, medication adherence and health related quality of life in patients living with epilepsy.
Design: A cross-sectional prospective survey among patients living with epilepsy recruited from two tertiary referral centers in Nigeria.
Methods: Patients’ illness perception, adherence to antiepileptic drugs, and health related quality of life were determined using the brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ), the eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8), and the patient weighted quality of life in epilepsy instrument (QOLIE-10-P) respectively. Correlation and linear regression analysis were used to test the relationship between the assessment variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Multivariate linear regression revealed that patients’ medication adherence score was predicted by their illness perception score (B = -0.030; p = 0.033). Also, patients’ QOLIE score was predicted by their illness perception score (B = -0.318; p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: In patients living with epilepsy, illness perception is a predictor of their adherence to antiepileptic drug regimen and their health-related quality of life.
Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Obturator Hernia With Bowel Dilatation by Combined Laparoscopy and Preperitoneal Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Yaegashi Mizunori , Tono Chihiro , Minagawa Yukihiro , Ishioka Hideki , Nakamura Yuya , Yoshida Toru 
Published: March 2020

Background:
We report a case of a 90-year-old woman with intestinal obstruction due to left-sided incarcerated obturator hernia, which was revealed using computed tomography.

Methods:
Emergency surgerywas performed using laparoscopy, which showed a dilated small intestine and bilateral obturator hernia in the intraperitoneal space. After reducing incarceration of the small intestine using laparoscopy, we approached the bilateral preperitoneal space and inserted a Kugel patch via a small lower abdominal median incision (approximately 4 cm).

Results:
The patient was discharged on postoperative day 10 and showed no recurrence at the 18-month follow-up. Although relatively rare, obturator hernia can significantly cause intestinal obstruction. It has no specific clinical symptoms and is thus often difficult to diagnose. Treating obturator hernia is essential; however, mesh infection, recurrence, and opposite side of the obturator hernia should be carefully monitored.

Conclusions:
Although laparoscopy is used for treating obturator hernia, it may be difficult in patients with intestinal obstruction. In this case, a surgical technique combining laparoscopy and preperitoneal space approach via a small lower abdominal median incision was used to effectively treat an incarcerated occult bilateral obturator hernia.
Cyanides
Authors: Maxwell Gary , Allison James , Dixon Randall 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCyanide compounds are used for making many everyday products including nylon, acrylic plastics, paint, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in gold recovery processes.Over the years, production processes of cyanide compounds, which were first developed in the 1840s, have been developed further into large‐scale, efficient processes. Production processes of industrially important cyanides and safe practices for handling these compounds are discussed in the article.
Plant Location
Authors: Moran Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Identifying a suitable location for a greenfield (new) process plant is a key consideration in designing a plant to operate in a safe, economic, and robust manner during its working life, which is usually decades long. In addition, the chosen location must be capable of supporting the extensions and modifications to processes and plant items that are likely to be required over its working life. Site selection can be a lengthy process involving extensive consultation and analysis of a wide range of factors, including geographical, geological, meteorological, social, political, and economic issues.
This article discusses the main factors to be considered in the development of both greenfield and brownfield. It also sets out the key stakeholders to be consulted and discusses the pros and cons of different construction approaches.
Sprays
Authors: Lipp Charles W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpray is a collection of liquid drops dispersed in gas. The many types of spray nozzles or atomizers may be classified based on the energy source required to cause the atomization of the material. Pressure or single‐fluid nozzles are the most common type of nozzle with different shape spray patterns.One of the most important spray characteristics is drop size distribution. Current measurement instrumentation permits robust quantification of drop size distribution, which is essential for system optimization. Correlations are often used to relate the effects of liquid physical properties, especially surface tension and viscosity, to average drop diameter.Selection and optimization of a spray system for various applications are discussed.
Flow Measurement of Powders and Bulk Solids
Authors: Carson John W. , Cid Liz Del , McInerney Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Handling powders and bulk solids is difficult and costly and may affect production, quality, and the overall bottom line. Therefore, measurement of the flow properties of powders and bulk solids has become a necessity for their successful handling, storage, and transfer.
This article covers the common methods for measuring the flow properties of powders and bulk solids.
Clinical impact of the VOLO optimizer on treatment plan quality and clinical treatment efficiency for CyberKnife
Authors: Schüler Emil , Lo Anthony , Chuang Cynthia F. , Soltys Scott G. , Pollom Erqi L. , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the recent CyberKnife treatment planning system (TPS) upgrade from Precision 1.0 to Precision 2.0, the new VOLO optimizer was released for plan optimization. The VOLO optimizer sought to overcome some of the limitations seen with the Sequential optimizer from previous TPS versions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of the VOLO optimizer on treatment plan quality and clinical treatment efficiency as compared to the Sequential optimizer. Treatment plan quality was evaluated in four categories of patients: Brain Simple (BS), Brain Complex (BC), Spine Complex (SC), and Prostate (PC). A total of 60 treatment plans were compared using both the Sequential and VOLO optimizers with Iris and MLC collimation with the same clinical constraints. Metrics evaluated included estimated treatment time, monitor units (MUs) delivered, conformity index (CI), and gradient index (GI). Furthermore, the clinical impact of the VOLO optimizer was evaluated through statistical analysis of the patient population treated during the 4 months before (n = 297) and 4 months after (n = 285) VOLO introduction. Significant MU and time reductions were observed for all four categories planned. MU reduction ranged from −14% (BS Iris) to −52% (BC MLC), and time reduction ranged from −11% (BS Iris) to −22% (BC MLC). The statistical analysis of patient population before and after VOLO introduction for patients using 6D Skull tracking with fixed cone, 6D Skull tracking with Iris, and Xsight Spine tracking with Iris were −4.6%, −22.2%, and −17.8% for treatment time reduction, −1.1%, −22.0%, and −28.4% for beam reduction and −3.2%, −21.8%, and −28.1% for MU reduction, respectively. The VOLO optimizer maintains or improves the plan quality while decreases the plan complexity and improves treatment efficiency. We anticipate an increase in patient throughput with the introduction of the VOLO optimizer.
Changing counterproductive beliefs about attention, memory, and multitasking: Impacts of a brief, fully online module
Authors: Miller Michelle D. , Doherty John J. , Butler Nicholas M. , Coull Wade G. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryUbiquitous mobile technology is part of contemporary life, bringing with it the potential for distraction and reduction in performance associated with multitasking. The predisposition toward dysfunctional multitasking may be shaped in part by beliefs that individuals hold about memory and attention. The issue is particularly pressing for college students, given established links between distraction, multitasking, and learning. This project assessed the impact of an online learning module on beliefs about attention, memory, and learning in college students. It also contrasted these beliefs in a college and non‐college community sample. Significant reductions in counterproductive beliefs were associated with completing the module; counterproductive beliefs were also no more prevalent in the college vs. the non‐college sample. Our findings suggest that brief online modules are a practical way to address counterproductive beliefs related to multitasking with technology, and add to the literature on metacognition, attention, and multitasking in college and non‐college populations.
Anion‐Dependent Imidazolium‐Based Catalysts for Allylation of Aniline with Tunable Regioselectivity
Authors: Albert‐Soriano María , M. Pastor Isidro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal‐free catalysts based on 1,3‐bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium halides mediate the reaction between allylic alcohols and anilines, providing the corresponding N‐, 2‐ and 4‐allylaniline isomers selectively. The imidazolium counterion plays a crucial role in the outcome of the reaction. Thus, while the imidazolium chloride selectively provides the N‐substituted aniline, the bromide and iodide imidazolium salts produce the 2‐ and 4‐allylaniline isomers, respectively, with excellent selectivities. A set of complementary catalysts, which are available by simple modulation, is here presented to conduct a highly regioselective allylation reaction of anilines. Not only the catalysts are synthesized in a straightforward and easily scalable manner, but they can be recycled and used under solvent‐free reaction condition, due to the favorable interactions with the reactants.magnified image
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Carbonyl‐Activated Alkenyl Azaarenes
Authors: Zhu Huilong , Yin Long , Chang Zhiqian , Wang Yuhan , Dou Xiaowei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of chiral azaarenes by rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of organoboronic acids to carbonyl‐activated alkenyl azaarenes was reported. Diverse chiral azaarenes were produced in up to 99% yield and with up to 99% ee (>60 examples). Catalytic asymmetric syntheses of dexchlorpheniramine and dexbrompheniramine were realized by using the developed method.magnified image
Growth, water productivity, nutritive value, and physiology responses of silage corn to water stress
Authors: Nilahyane Abdelaziz , Islam M. Anowarul , Mesbah Abdel O. , Herbert Stephen K. , Garcia y Garcia Axel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater is a crucial factor affecting expression of crop yield potential. A field experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015 to determine the effect of limited water on growth, yield, water productivity (WP), nutritive value, and physiological parameters of silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown in a semi‐arid region. Hybrid ‘P8107HR’ was planted in replicated plots under 100ETc (100% crop evapotranspiration), 80ETc, 60ETc, and limited 100ETc (100ETc from planting to V9, no water from V9 to R3, then 100ETc again) managed with a surface drip irrigation. Canopy height, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), biomass yield, WP, and nutritive value were determined. Photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and intrinsic WP (iWP) were obtained with an infrared gas analyzer from V14 to R2 stages. Relative water content (RWC) of leaves was determined at V8, V12, VT, and R3 stages. Results showed that canopy height and biomass yield were greatly affected by water stress. Biomass yield decreased by 40% in the limited 100ETc treatment compared to 100ETc, with no effect of irrigation on nutritive value. Water‐stressed plants from V14 to R2 were affected in their ability to perform gas exchange and exhibited changes in crop growth and biomass yield. RWC was affected by water stress, mostly under 60ETc at V8 (71%) and VT (78%). Overall, limited water at late vegetative and early reproductive stages affected physiology and yield of silage corn, indicating that irrigation timing is a key factor for optimizing silage corn production in water‐scarce regions.
Grain yield, and nitrogen uptake and translocation of peanut under different nitrogen management systems in a wheat–peanut rotation
Authors: Liu Zhaoxin , Gao Fang , Li Ying , Zhao Jihao , Wang Ying , Wang Zhaoyi , Li Yuerong , Li Xiangdong , Yang Dongqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBetter N fertilizer management is essential for improving crop productivity and reducing N losses to the environment. However, few studies have reported N absorption, use, and balance in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping system. This study aimed to determine the effects of different N application rates and ratios at different maturation stages on the yield and N use of peanut in this system. Nitrogen (300 kg ha−1) was applied the day before sowing and at jointing, booting, and anthesis in peanut at the following ratios: 50–50–0–0 (N1), 35–35–0–30% (N2), and 35–0–35–30 (N3) (control: 0 kg ha−1). Nitrogen isotope‐labeled urea was used under the same conditions in microplot. Peanut pod yield increased by 19.0 and 24.8% under the N2 and N3 treatments, respectively, compared with the N1 treatment. Applying N at three stages and withholding N until booting improved the N derived from fertilizer in peanut, promoted the distribution of 15N to pods, and increased pod yield. The 15N experiment revealed that N uptake at different growth stages of peanut was 20.7 to 30.4% higher under N3 than under N2, increasing N harvest index and apparent N recovery efficiency compared with N2. The N3 treatment also significantly increased the N recovery efficiency and the agronomic N use efficiency and reduced the apparent N loss. Therefore, applying N fertilizer as in the N3 treatment could be appropriate for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.
Chimerism in health and potential implications on behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Johnson Brandon N. , Ehli Erik A. , Davies Gareth E. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the phenomenon of chimerism and especially microchimerism as one of the currently underexplored explanations for differences in health and behavior. Chimerism is an amalgamation of cells from two or more unique zygotes within a single organism, with microchimerism defined by a minor cell population of <1%. This article first presents an overview of the primary techniques employed to detect and quantify the presence of microchimerism and then reviews empirical studies of chimerism in mammals including primates and humans. In women, male microchimerism, a condition suggested to be the result of fetomaternal exchange in utero, is relatively easily detected by polymerase chain reaction molecular techniques targeting Y‐chromosomal markers. Consequently, studies of chimerism in human diseases have largely focused on diseases with a predilection for females including autoimmune diseases, and female cancers. We detail studies of chimerism in human diseases and also discuss some potential implications in behavior. Understanding the prevalence of chimerism and the associated health outcomes will provide invaluable knowledge of human biology and guide novel approaches for treating diseases.
Human RAD50 deficiency: Confirmation of a distinctive phenotype
Authors: Ragamin Aviël , Yigit Gökhan , Bousset Kristine , Beleggia Filippo , Verheijen Frans W. , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. , Strom Tim M. , Dörk Thilo , Wollnik Bernd , Mancini Grazia M. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic DNA lesions that can lead to chromosomal instability, loss of genes and cancer. The MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) complex is keystone involved in signaling processes inducing the repair of DSB by, for example, in activating pathways leading to homologous recombination repair and nonhomologous end joining. Additionally, the MRN complex also plays an important role in the maintenance of telomeres and can act as a stabilizer at replication forks. Mutations in NBN and MRE11 are associated with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and ataxia telangiectasia (AT)‐like disorder, respectively. So far, only one single patient with biallelic loss of function variants in RAD50 has been reported presenting with features classified as NBS‐like disorder. Here, we report a long‐term follow‐up of an unrelated patient with facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, skeletal features, and short stature who is homozygous for a novel variant in RAD50. We could show that this variant, c.2524G > A in exon 15 of the RAD50 gene, induces aberrant splicing of RAD50 mRNA mainly leading to premature protein truncation and thereby, most likely, to loss of RAD50 function. Using patient‐derived primary fibroblasts, we could show abnormal radioresistant DNA synthesis confirming pathogenicity of the identified variant. Immunoblotting experiments showed strongly reduced protein levels of RAD50 in the patient‐derived fibroblasts and provided evidence for a markedly reduced radiation‐induced AT‐mutated signaling. Comparison with the previously reported case and with patients presenting with NBS confirms that RAD50 mutations lead to a similar, but distinctive phenotype.
Nucleophiler Angriff von Azid auf elektrophile Azide: Bildung von N6‐Einheiten in Hexazen‐ und Aminopentazolderivaten
Authors: Banert Klaus , Pester Tom 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExperimente mit selektiver 15N‐Markierung bestätigen den nucleophilen Angriff von Azid auf Iminium‐aktivierte, organische Azide, der zu kurzlebigen Hexazenintermediaten führt. Solche Spezies neigen nicht nur zu einer Spaltungsreaktion unter Erzeugung von N‐Azidoverbindungen, sondern gehen auch einen Ringschluss unter Bildung beispielloser Amidino‐funktionalisierter Pentazole ein. Daher liefert die Einwirkung von zwei Äquivalenten an Natriumazid auf die Stammverbindung der Vilsmeier‐Reagenzien ein Aminopentazolderivat als Hauptprodukt, das leicht mithilfe der NMR‐Spektroskopie zu charakterisieren ist.
Highly Converged Valence Bands and Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity for High‐Performance SnTe Thermoelectrics
Authors: Sarkar Debattam , Ghosh Tanmoy , Banik Ananya , Roychowdhury Subhajit , Sanyal Dirtha , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA two‐step optimization strategy is used to improve the thermoelectric performance of SnTe via modulating the electronic structure and phonon transport. The electrical transport of self‐compensated SnTe (that is, Sn1.03Te) was first optimized by Ag doping, which resulted in an optimized carrier concentration. Subsequently, Mn doping in Sn1.03−xAgxTe resulted in highly converged valence bands, which improved the Seebeck coefficient. The energy gap between the light and heavy hole bands, i.e. ΔEv decreases to 0.10 eV in Sn0.83Ag0.03Mn0.17Te compared to the value of 0.35 eV in pristine SnTe. As a result, a high power factor of ca. 24.8 μW cm−1 K−2 at 816 K in Sn0.83Ag0.03Mn0.17Te was attained. The lattice thermal conductivity of Sn0.83Ag0.03Mn0.17Te reached to an ultralow value (ca. 0.3 W m−1 K−1) at 865 K, owing to the formation of Ag7Te4 nanoprecipitates in SnTe matrix. A high thermoelectric figure of merit (z T≈1.45 at 865 K) was obtained in Sn0.83Ag0.03Mn0.17Te.
Self‐Assembled Artificial Ion‐Channels toward Natural Selection of Functions
Authors: Zheng Shao‐Ping , Huang Li‐Bo , Sun Zhanhu , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOwing to their significant physiological functions, especially as selective relays for translocation of physiological relevant species through cellular membranes, natural ion channels play important role in the living organisms. During the last decades, the field of self‐assembled ion channels has been continuously developed. Convergent multidimensional self‐assembly strategies have been used for the synthesis of unimolecular channels or non‐covalent self‐organized channels, designed to mimic natural ion channel proteins and for which a rich array of interconverting or adaptive channel conductance states can be observed. In this review, we give an overview on the development of various self‐assembled artificial channels in a bottom‐up approach, especially their design, self‐assembly behaviour, transport activity in lipid bilayer membranes, mechanism of transport and comparison with natural ion channels. Finally, we discuss their applications, the potential challenges facing in this field as well as future development and perspectives.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Borylenynes by Catalytic Conjunctive Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Law Chunyin , Kativhu Elton , Wang Johnny , Morken James P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnantioselective conjunctive cross‐coupling of enyne‐derived boronate complexes occurs with 1,4 addition of the electrophile and migrating group across the π system. This reaction pathway furnishes α‐boryl allenes as the reaction product. In the presence of a chiral catalyst, both the central and axial chirality of the product can be controlled during product formation.
Nucleophilic Attack of Azide at Electrophilic Azides: Formation of N6 Units in Hexazene and Aminopentazole Derivatives
Authors: Banert Klaus , Pester Tom 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the help of selective 15N labeling experiments, it has been confirmed that nucleophilic attack of azide at iminium‐activated organic azides leads to short‐lived hexazene intermediates. Such species do not only tend to a cleavage reaction with formation of N‐azido compounds, but also undergo ring closure to generate unprecedented amidino‐functionalized pentazoles. Thus, treatment of the parent Vilsmeier reagent with two equivalents of sodium azide creates an aminopentazole derivative as the main product, which is easily characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
Acid–Base Interaction Enhancing Oxygen Tolerance in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Li Pengsong , Lu Xu , Wu Zishan , Wu Yueshen , Malpass‐Evans Richard , McKeown Neil B. , Sun Xiaoming , Wang Hailiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid electrodes with improved O2 tolerance and capability of CO2 conversion into liquid products in the presence of O2 are presented. Aniline molecules are introduced into the pore structure of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity to expand its gas separation functionality beyond pure physical sieving. The chemical interaction between the acidic CO2 molecule and the basic amino group of aniline renders enhanced CO2 separation from O2. Loaded with a cobalt phthalocyanine‐based cathode catalyst, the hybrid electrode achieves a CO Faradaic efficiency of 71 % with 10 % O2 in the CO2 feed gas. The electrode can still produce CO at an O2/CO2 ratio as high as 9:1. Switching to a Sn‐based catalyst, for the first time O2‐tolerant CO2 electroreduction to liquid products is realized, generating formate with nearly 100 % selectivity and a current density of 56.7 mA cm−2 in the presence of 5 % O2.