bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of non-oxygenated phase of bio-oil produced by copyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene plastic using zeolite catalysts at low heating rate
Authors: Supramono Dijan , Fadhlillah Aisyah , Nasikin Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thermal co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene (PP) at low heating rate (thermal slow co-pyrolysis) has succeeded in separating bio-oil produced between oxygenated and non-oxygenated phases spontaneously. In co-pyrolysis, PP can sequester oxygen from bio-oil to convert part of bio-oil to non-oxygenated phase and can contribute partly non-oxygenated phase by PP carbon chain cracking. Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis has been commonly used to improve bio-oil yield and to improve non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. However, the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis is unable to obtain separate non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. In present work, zeolite catalyst was introduced in co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and PP at low heating rate to undertake catalytic slow co-pyrolysis in order to obtain synergistic effect of non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil while obtaining separate non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. The present co-pyrolysis work was carried out in a stirred tank reactor at heating rate of 5 °C/min and maximum temperature of 500 °C. The composition of feed was varied at 0, 50 and 100%PP in the mixture of corn cob particles and PP granules. The experiment involved 3 catalytic configurations, i.e., no catalyst, ZSM5-38 and ZSM5-70, in which 38 and 70 represents the mole ratio of SI/Al in the catalysts. The results show that in slow co-pyrolysis of biomass-PP, the use of zeolite catalyst with high acidity suppressed the pyrolysis of PP to form wax and reduced bio-oil yield, and the synergistic effect was obtained as the co-pyrolysis used no catalyst and zeolite catalyst of ZSM5-70, while that using zeolite catalyst of ZSM5-38 reached negative synergistic effect. Utilization of catalyst generated high amount of aliphatic moieties, i.e. methyl, methine and methylene. With ZSM5 catalyst utilization, production of allyl decreased. Most of non-polar bio-oil fractions have similar or slightly higher heating values (HHVs) compared to those of commercial fuels. Branching index (BI) values of non-polar phase of bio-oil generated straight carbon chain with higher branches compared to those commercial fuels.
Potential impact of beekeeping activity on bioenergy supply in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bunyamin Anas , Purnomo Dwi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Beekeeping activity has been integrally well arranged by the people of West Java area. Many bee-based products are already well developed and become a part of people activities. Most of beekeeping activity considered as an activity to gain income only from bee products. In fact, this activity has a high potential impact to bioenergy resources, especially biomass and biogas. Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is one of potential bee forage that also has a good performance to be used as biomass source. On the other hand, this along year flowering plant, also provide their leaves as proteins source for cattle. Through sustainable beekeeping activity, which is involving bee forages planting and pruning, bioenergy sources also will automatically increase in availability. As a part of Java Island, West Java was well known for its green and flowering landscape. Though honey also produced by outer area of Java Island, but beekeeping activity was majority well arranged by Java Island people. The calculation shows that the beekeeping activity with new 450 beehive result in the potential addition of biomass and biogas supply in West Java. The potential addition calculated was 0.043 – 900.732 TJ for biomass and 0.039 TJ for biogas supply.
Production of carotenoids from oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Kresnowati M T A P , Lestari D , Anshori M , Jafar R M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Carotenoids are widely used for food colorants to give yellow, orange, or red color in food products. Besides extraction from orange color vegetables/fruits such as carrot, yellow squash, or oil palm, natural carotenoids can also be extracted from microorganisms such as algae or fungi. The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches to crude palm oil also produces empty fruit bunches (EFBs) as the biomass waste. This extraction residue still contains traces of oil and thereby also contains carotenoids. The dumped EFBs nearby the palm oil processing plants are also a potential substrate for natural fungal fermentation. This paper explores the potential of EFBs and fungal fermented EFBs as the raw materials for carotenoid extraction. The soxhlet extraction method was applied, using hexane as the solvent. Carotenes were analysed by using spectrophotometer. The obtained results showed that carotene can be extracted from EFBs and fungal fermentation increased the carotene content of EFBs.
Performance improvement of palm oil foaming agent concentrates as fire extinguishment materials in peatlands
Authors: Rivai M , Hambali E , Suryani A , Pramuhadi G , Subekti P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Foaming agent concentrate made from palm oil produced as a fire extinguishing material in peatlands at a laboratory-scale test were able to extinguish a fire within 3.16 to 4.49 hours. Fire extinguishing ability of this foaming agent concentrate resulted in a lower solution use and shorter extinguishing time than water. However, when compared to commercial products, fire extinguishing time was still longer although the amount of solution needed to extinguish the fire was lower. Therefore, it was necessary to improve the formula to produce a foaming agent concentrate that was able to extinguish the fire in a shorter time with a lower amount of fire extinguishing solution. This study aims to improve the performance of palm oil foaming agent concentrate on extinguishing the fire in peatlands. Efforts to improve the performance were made by reformulation and the addition of chemical fire retardants. Results showed that the addition of fire retardant reduced foaming ability, increased surface tension, lowered viscosity, lowered contact angle, and reduced fire extinguishing time to about 13.08-69.21%.
Effect citronella oil against bacteria strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028
Authors: Saputra Nur Adi , Trisatya Deazy Rachmi , Darmawan Saptadi , Wibisono Heru Satrio , Pari Gustan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A bactericidal property of Cymbopogon nardus oil (CNO) has been investigated in the previous study. This study aimed to confirm the bactericidal activity of Cymbopogon nardus against different bacteria strains. CNO with the concentration of 1%, 3% and 8% were injected into 100 mL canned tubes. Each sample was diluted by hard water and added with a bacterial suspension test in the presence of interfering substance. The mixture was maintained at 20 °C for 5 min. Water shall be new distilled water-not demineralized water. At the end of contact time, an aliquot was taken, and bactericidal activity was immediately neutralized by the diluted-neutralization method. Neutralizers used in this study were: peptone 10 gL−1, beef extract 5 gL−1, NaCl 5 gL−1, soy lecithin 1 gL−1 and polysorbate 80 20 gL−1; while the interfering substance was 0.3 gL−1 bovine albumin for clean conditions. The number of cells in the bacterial suspension test per treatment was 1.54 x 108 cfu mL−1. It was verified that there was no toxic active chemical compounds found after the application of neutralizer and dilution-neutralization method. The output of this study was a bactericidal against strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC®10536™), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus (ATCC®6538™) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC®14028™).
Analysis of the electrical impedance and functional group of silicon dioxide (SiO2) from rice straw
Authors: Har Nazopatul P. , Palupi E K , Irmansyah  , Irzaman  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research on silicon oxide (SiO2) from biomass was studied. This study used the biomass of rice straw which is one of the rice agricultural wastes. Rice straw was treated with acid using hydrochloric acid (HCl) before burning. Rice straw charcoal was burned in the furnace at a temperature of 400 °C to 900 °C with a heating rate of 1.7 °C/min for 2 h. The increase in heating temperature was varied at 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C. Silicon dioxide samples were characterized and analyzed based on its electrical properties and functional groups using LCR-meter and FTIR. The extraction of silicon dioxide from rice straw was successfully carried out using a modified method in previous studies. Based on functional group analysis and electrical impedance properties of silicon dioxide rice straw samples, the best result was obtained at 800 °C ignition temperature treatment.
Potential of Gracilaria sp. as single-or co-digestion feedstock for biogas production
Authors: Suhartini S , Nurika I , Rahmah N L , Paul R , Melville L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High consumption of fossil fuels in Indonesia needs to be reduced by using renewable energy, such as from biomass. In Indonesia, as one of the largest maritime countries, macroalgae (i.e. seaweed) are also considered as potential renewable biomass feedstocks for substituting any land biomass. This study aimed to investigate biodegradability and biogas potential of macroalgae (Gracilaria sp.) as single-or co-digestion feedstock using anaerobic digestion technology. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out for 28 days at temperature of 37 °C to investigate the specific methane potential. All samples were in triplicate. Combinations of Gracilaria sp. with various biomass feedstocks (i.e. food waste, tofu dregs) were also tested. The findings indicated a potential valorisation of macroalgae for biogas production either as single or co-digestion feedstock, as well as a potential for electricity generation. However, further optimisation process is required for better and higher degradation process.
The potential of bioactives as biosensors for detection of pH
Authors: Wulandari Anting , Sunarti Titi Candra , Fahma Farah , Enomae Toshiharu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the field of food safety, pH measurement is very important because pH can be an indicator of freshness of a food product. In general, the pH measurement is performed using a sensor from synthetic chemicals. The use of chemicals as pH sensors has several disadvantages that are toxic and threaten human health. Therefore, pH biosensors should be developed from bioactive compound. Bioactives such as curcumin, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and Angkak pigments are indigeneous natural resources that produce color with specific specificity. Curcumin was extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), anthocyanin from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L), chlorophyll from suji leaf (Pleomele angustifolia), and reddish pigment from rice fermented by Monascus sp. The type of color of each bioactive can give different responses to certain pH so that it is potential to be developed as a pH biosensor. However, bioactives have sensitivity to certain pH, so it is necessary to test the sensitivity and selection of bioactives to various pH (2-’3). The results of the sensitivity of the bioactives to pH 2-‘3 showed that anthocyanin and curcumin were the best bioactive as pH biosensor because they provide a unique and significant color change compared to angkak pigment and chlorophyll which did not show clear discoloration. The anthocyanin was sensitive to pH 5-13 and curcumin was sensitive to pH 7-13 and both were stable at acidic pH.
Thermoplastic starch-PVA-cellulose nanocomposite film for extending the shelf life of red chili
Authors: Fahma Farah , Wening Opal Priya , Lisdayana Nurmalisa , Purwoko  , Sugiarto  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TPS-PVA-cellulose nanocomposite film for extending the shelf-life of fresh red chili. In this study, cellulose nanofibers were isolated from oil palm empty bunches by combination of ultrafine grinding and ultrasonification. Thermoplastic starch-PVA-cellulose nanocomposites were produced by solvent evaporation casting method. The resulting nanocomposite films were applied for packaging of red chili at chilled and ambient temperatures. The different storage temperature generated different physical and mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposite films. The red chili packed in nanocomposite films and stored at ambient temperature was able to maintain its quality for 12 days, while at chilled temperature the red chili looked fresh up to 15 days.
The effect of solvent type and temperature on mono-diacylglycerol purification
Authors: Setyaningsih Dwi , Suwarna Maulana Ardi , Muna Neli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mono-diacyl glycerol (M-DAG) resulted from esterification reaction between palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) and glycerol with catalyst of methyl ester sulfonic acid, has low purity caused by the remaining catalyst, free fatty acids, free glycerol and triacylglycerol. Purification can be carried out by saponification and crystallization. The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable solvent (96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 95% isopropyl alcohol), and followed by determination of temperature level (2 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C) in crystallization step to obtain pure and high yield of M-DAG. Analyses that were carried out included yield, visual appearance, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and emulsion stability. The results showed that the type of solvent had an effect on the yield and free fatty acids, but did not affect the emulsion stability. Temperature also affected the yield and free fatty acids content, but did not affect the emulsion stability. The most suitable solvent was 96% ethanol with a yield of 24.2%, FFA content of 29.6%, and emulsion stability of 49.5%. The best temperature for crystallization was at 2 °C with a yield of 16.23%, FFA content of 3.80%, and emulsion stability of 100%.
Study on functional group, oil adsorption process, and the effect of chemical wash on lignite and sub-bituminous coal
Authors: Rahmadian A , Nikmatin S , Hardhienata H , Darmawan S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study was to determine the characteristics of Indonesia’s low-grade coal, which was sub-bituminous taken from Samarinda coal mine and lignite taken from Palembang coal mine. Experiment was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the functional group of the coal. Inherent moisture was 2. 16 g in 5 g lignite coal, and 1. 42 g in 5 g sub-bituminous coal. Soaking coal with liquid smoke reduced the percentage of residual (volatile matter and ash content) combustion and increased fixed carbon. Adsorption of oil by coal was measured by the change of free fatty acid (FFA) in the oil, in which lignite coal was decreased about 0.1 % and sub-bituminous coal was decreased about 0.07 %. In contrast, by heating adsorption 100 °C, FFA change in the oil was increased about 0.28 % for lignite coal and increased about 0.46 % for sub-bituminous coal, by heating adsorption 125 °C, the increase was about 0.44 %for lignite coal and was about 0.59 % for sub-bituminous coal, and by heating adsorption 150 °C, FFA was increased about 0.41 % for lignite coal and about 0.46 % for sub-bituminous coal.
Research of morphology evolution of precipitation during aging and the effects of precipitation on creep property of 617B superalloy
Authors: Zhang Shiyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
617B alloy is one of the alternative materials for ultra-supercritical power generating units, its microstructure will change during service under extremely harsh conditions. The research of precipitation behavior of 617B superalloy and other similar nickel-based superalloy during aging is summarized. It is concluded that the main phases of 617B superalloy during aging include γ’ phase, μ phase and M23C6 carbide. The precipitation behavior of the three phases is affected by aging temperature and aging time. The microstructure of materials has a direct influence on the properties of materials. Therefore, in the aging process of 617B superalloy, the creep property of the alloy will be affected by these phases. This paper summarizes the effect of these phases on the creep behavior of 617B superalloy. It is found that γ’ phase has a positive effect on the creep behavior of 617B superalloy, while μ phase has a negative effect. M23C6 has two-sided effects depending on its size.
Analysis of the Impact of Engineering Construction on the near Built Seawalls Based on PLAXIS
Authors: Tang Mingli , Yao Yongxin , Shi Yannan , Yu Jiongqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the impact of a constructing sewage treatment plant on the built seawall nearly by PLAXIS finite element software, located on the coast eastern Zhejiang. As the construction carrying on, the settlement and horizontal displacement are gradually increasing on the top and backwater slope of the seawall. The settlement on the top of Seawalls is 35.91 cm, the horizontal displacement is 50.76 cm; the settlement on the back slope is 71.45 cm, the horizontal displacement is 48.54cm. During the construction process, settlement increase rate at the foot of the backwater slope was significantly larger than that at the top of the seawalls. The horizontal displacement increase rate at the top of the seawalls was slightly larger than that at the foot of the backwater slope. The settlement and horizontal displacement of the seawall exceed the normal allowable deformation, which threatens the safety of the seawall. It is necessary to take reinforcement measures for the seawall to ensure safe operation.
Study on the treatment materials of urban rail transit water-containing caves
Authors: Zhou Lin , Qin Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy and the accelerating urbanization process, the contradiction between urban basic design, especially urban transportation facilities and urbanization, has become increasingly prominent. Rail transit has become the main public transport in major cities with its advantages of large capacity, fast speed, safety and reliability, and on-time comfort. Most of the rail transit lines are underground tunnels. When the tunnel crosses the karst area, it may encounters caves with different sizes, different locations, different filling levels and different water content. The existence of these caves will seriously affect the surrounding rock in tunnel construction. To carry out research on the typical disaster of water-filled caves, different types of filling materials were compared and analysed. And the applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages of various filling materials were also analyzed. Aiming at the treatment method of cement-water glass as filling material for the water-soluble cave, the relationship between the setting time of cement-water glass and the water inflow time was studied. The research shows that the effect of injecting the cave near the cement-water glass is the best.
Construction and Application Practice of Early Warning Model for Investment Progress of Electricity Grid Construction Projects
Authors: Gao Qian , Yang Junyi , Liu Kai , Jin Cheng , Wang Jing , Huang He , Tang Jie , Li Shaoqiang , Dai Keli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As the reform of transmission and distribution prices moves from the “construction mechanism” to the “strong supervision” stage, the authenticity and effectiveness of the grid investment plan implementation during the supervision cycle will definitely be the focus of external supervision. This will also directly affect the approval of the permitted revenue of grid companies in the next regulatory period. This paper takes the 110kV and above electricity grid construction projects as the research object, and constructs an early warning model for the progress of investment in electricity grid construction projects to identify and quantify the management and data problems existing in the project construction process, promote collaborative management of electricity grid construction projects and improve the authenticity and reliability of investment completion statistics.
Forced flowering of pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Tainon 16) in response to ethephon with or without calcium carbonate
Authors: Liu Shenghui , Zhang Xiumei , Zhang Yumei , Li Yunhe , Zhu Zhuying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As a gaseous plant hormone, ethylene is responsible for inducing the initiation of reproductive development in pineapple. Reproductive development can be forced in pineapple (Ananas comosus) throughout the year with ethylene. Ethephon is the most common agent applied in pineapple forcing with high uniformity and convenience. We studied the effect of additive added to the ethephon solution on the plant and fruit of pineapple. Shoot apices of pineapple treated twice to evaluate the effect. Results showed that t 800mg/L ethephon could induce flowering successfully, addition of calcium carbonate could reduce the dose of ethephon significantly from 800 to 50. Furthermore, the addition of calcium carbonate not only caused the prolongation of the peduncle and increasing of slip number, but also increased fruilet numbers and fruit weight with a highly significant difference. 100mg/L ethephon with 0.04% calcium carbonate was the optimum forcing treatment for Tainon 16 cultivar.
Research on the Influencing Mechanism and Modeling Method of Supply Side Reform on Power Supply
Authors: Qing Liu , Lili Zhang , Shilin Nie , Chuncheng Zhang , Xiandong Tan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Electric power industry is an important pillar of national economic development, so it is of great significance to study and explore the sustainable development of electric power industry. Firstly, this paper analyses the influence mechanism of capacity removal, leverage removal, shortage compensation and cost reduction on power supply in supply-side reform. Secondly, from the perspective of policy, cost and environment, this paper establishes the model of power supply prediction included in supply-side reform. Finally, the problem is solved by LEAP software, and deeply analysed the influence of supply-side reform on power supply. The results show that the installed capacity of China’s total power generation will grow at a low speed in the future, the proportion of clean energy generation will continue to increase, and the growth rate of power generation is higher than that of fossil energy, which is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, improving environmental quality and achieving the goal of green and sustainable energy development.
Numerical modelling on the performance of a rolling-type wave energy converter with mooring system
Authors: Jiang Yichen , Peng Yuhao , Zhao Peidong , Zhang He , Zong Hongyun , Zhao Yue , Xu Hongli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the performance results of the numerical study on the three-dimensional rolling-type wave energy converter with the mooring system. The novel device combines an established and reliable mooring system, making it suitable for deeper sea utilisation. The shape of the device is based on the renowned Salter’s Duck, which is capable for converting wave energy into mechanical energy through rolling back and forth. The results are obtained using the Panel Element Method package AQWA, based on linear wave theory and potential flow theory. The hydrodynamic behaviour of the device is assessed in the frequency domain, including the additional mass, the radiation damping and the wave exciting force. In the time domain, the coupling of the device motion and the dynamic response of the mooring system is performed, allowing comparisons with experimental work on a 1:16 scale model. The tension of the anchor chain is reported in detail. The relative capture width of the device under different wave conditions is also examined.