bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐assisted regenerative surgical therapy for peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wang Chin‐Wei , Ashnagar Sajjad , Gianfilippo Riccardo Di , Arnett Michelle , Kinney Janet , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent surgical approaches have been proposed to treat peri‐implantitis defects with limited effectiveness and predictability. Laser has been proposed as an effective tool to assist in bacterial decontamination and modulating peri‐implant tissue inflammation. The aim of this pilot clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive benefits of Er:YAG laser irradiation for regenerative surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis‐associated osseous defects.MethodsTwenty‐four patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis with a radiographic infrabony defect were randomized into two groups. Both test and control groups received the following treatment: open flap mechanical debridement, supracrestal implantoplasty, bone grafting using a mixture of human allograft with demineralized bone matrix human allograft putty, and then covered with acellular dermal matrix membrane. The only difference in the test group was the adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser to modulate and remove inflammatory tissue as well as to decontaminate the implant surface. Clinical assessments, including pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) were performed by calibrated masked examiners for up to 6 months following surgery. Standardized radiographs were also taken to evaluate linear bone gain and defect bone fill. Student t‐tests were used to analyze those clinical parameters.ResultsBoth groups showed significant reductions in PD, GI, and CAL gain overtime. The test group demonstrated significantly higher PD reductions at the site level compared to the control group (2.65 ± 2.14 versus 1.85 ± 1.71 mm; test versus control, P = 0.014). There were no statistical differences found in CAL gain (1.90 ± 2.28 versus 1.47 ± 1.76 mm; test versus control), GI reduction (‐1.14 ± 1.15 versus ‐1.04 ± 0.89; test versus control), radiographic linear bone gain (1.27 ± 1.14 versus 1.08 ± 1.04 mm; test versus control) or proportional defect size reduction (‐ 24.46 ± 19.00% versus ‐15.19 ± 23.56%; test versus control). There was a positive trend for test patients on PD reduction and CAL gain found in narrow infrabony defects. Major membrane exposure negatively impaired the overall treatment outcome of CAL gain (2.47 ± 1.84 versus 1.03 ± 1.48 mm; no/minor versus major exposure, P = 0.051) and PD reduction in the test group (‐3.63 ± 2.11 versus ‐1.66 ± 1.26 mm, P = 0.049).ConclusionThis pilot study indicated using laser irradiation during peri‐implantitis regenerative therapy may aid in better probing PD reduction. Nonetheless, a larger sample size and longer follow‐up is needed to confirm if Er:YAG laser irradiation provides additional clinical benefits for peri‐implantitis regenerative therapy (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03127228)
Winter Versus Summer Habitat Selection in a Threatened Ground Squirrel
Authors: Goldberg Amanda R. , Conway Courtney J. , Mack Diane Evans , Burak Greg 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTHibernation is a strategy many species employ to survive periods of thermal stress or resource shortage (e.g., harsh thermal conditions, food limitations) and habitat requirements of hibernating species may differ between summer (the active season) and winter (during hibernation). Accounting for seasonal differences in habitat affinities will help ensure that management actions are more beneficial and land‐use policies are more appropriate. The northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus) is a federally listed threatened species that is in decline and hibernates for approximately 8 months per year. We collared northern Idaho ground squirrels in Adams County, Idaho from 2013–2017. The majority of northern Idaho ground squirrels we collared selected hibernacula outside of the areas they used during the active season. Furthermore, habitat features of hibernacula locations differed from habitat features of active‐season areas. Hibernacula locations had greater canopy closure compared to active‐season locations (36.9% and 7.0% canopy closure, respectively) and hibernaculum habitat features (particularly distance to nearest log) influenced overwinter survival. Our results suggest that recovery efforts for northern Idaho ground squirrels should include protection and management for the full range of habitat conditions used throughout summer and winter. More broadly, we emphasize the need to identify and protect habitat during all seasons because habitat requirements can differ substantially during different portions of an animal's annual cycle and effective conservation will require management of year‐round habitat needs. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Photonic Perceptron Based on a Kerr Microcomb for High‐Speed, Scalable, Optical Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Xingyuan , Tan Mengxi , Corcoran Bill , Wu Jiayang , Nguyen Thach G. , Boes Andreas , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Morandotti Roberto , Mitchell Arnan , Hicks Damien G. , Moss David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptical artificial neural networks (ONNs)—analog computing hardware tailored for machine learning—have significant potential for achieving ultra‐high computing speed and energy efficiency. A new approach to architectures for ONNs based on integrated Kerr microcomb sources that is programmable, highly scalable, and capable of reaching ultra‐high speeds is proposed here. The building block of the ONN—a single neuron perceptron—is experimentally demonstrated that reaches a high single‐unit throughput speed of 11.9 Giga‐FLOPS at 8 bits per FLOP, corresponding to 95.2 Gbps, achieved by mapping synapses onto 49 wavelengths of a microcomb. The perceptron is tested on simple standard benchmark datasets—handwritten‐digit recognition and cancer‐cell detection—achieving over 90% and 85% accuracy, respectively. This performance is a direct result of the record low wavelength spacing (49 GHz) for a coherent integrated microcomb source, which results in an unprecedented number of wavelengths for neuromorphic optics. Finally, an approach to scaling the perceptron to a deep learning network is proposed using the same single microcomb device and standard off‐the‐shelf telecommunications technology, for high‐throughput operation involving full matrix multiplication for applications such as real‐time massive data processing for unmanned vehicles and aircraft tracking.
The Effect of Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds on Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Poulsen Nikolaj Bech , Lambert Max Norman Tandrup , Jeppesen Per Bendix 
Published: August 2020

A growing number of people worldwide are changing their lifestyle leading to an increasing number of overweight and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). With obesity and MetS come an elevated inflammatory state resulting in increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among other lifestyle diseases. Fruits and vegetables (FV) contain phytochemicals with health beneficial effects including anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to investigate the effects of diets high in FV, and plant‐based products on C‐reactive protein (CRP). A systematic search in PUBMED and EMBASE gave rise to 883 articles, 16 of which are included in the meta‐analysis. The effects of plant‐based products and diets are investigated in subgroups including overweight, obese, and diabetes; as wells as the effect of plant‐oils and anthocyanin on CRP. The analysis shows an overall significant reduction in CRP for all articles (p = 0.0006). A significant decrease in diabetic (p = 0.01), overweight (p = 0.005), and obese patients (p = 0.05) is observed, including significant effects of anthocyanins (p = 0.001) and plant‐oils (p < 0.00001) on CRP. These findings strongly support the recommendation for diets high in FV and plant‐oils to help attenuate elevated CRP.
NMR‐based clinical metabolomics revealed distinctive serum metabolic profiles in patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Gupta Latika , Guleria Anupam , Rawat Atul , Kumar Dinesh , Aggarwal Amita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common rheumatic disorder of the young, marred by delay in diagnosis, and paucity of biomarkers of disease activity. The present study aimed to explore the potential of serum metabolic profiling of patients with SpA to identify biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity. The serum metabolic profiles of 81 patients with SpA were compared with that of 86 healthy controls (HCs) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics approach. Seventeen patients were followed up after 3 months of standard treatment, and paired sera were analyzed for effects of therapy. Comparisons were done using the multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and the discriminatory metabolic entities were identified based on variable importance in projection (VIP) statistics and further evaluated for statistical significance (p value < 0.05). We found that the serum metabolic profiles differed significantly in SpA as compared with HCs. Compared with HC, the SpA patients were characterized by increased serum levels of amino acids, acetate, choline, N‐acetyl glycoproteins, Nα‐acetyl lysine, creatine/creatinine, and so forth and decreased levels of low‐/very low‐density lipoproteins and polyunsaturated lipids. PLS‐DA analysis also revealed metabolic differences between axial and peripheral SpA patients. Further metabolite profiles were found to differ with disease activity and treatment in responding patients. The results presented in this study demonstrate the potential of serum metabolic profiling of axial SpA as a useful tool for diagnosis, prediction of peripheral disease, assessment of disease activity, and treatment response.
Probing short and long‐range interactions in native collagen inside the bone matrix by BioSolids CryoProbe
Authors: Tiwari Nidhi , Wegner Sebastian , Hassan Alia , Dwivedi Navneet , Rai RamaNand , Sinha Neeraj 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance is a promising technique to probe bone mineralization and interaction of collagen protein in the native state. However, many of the developments are hampered due to the low sensitivity of the technique. In this article, we report solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the newly developed BioSolids CryoProbe™ to access its applicability for elucidating the atomic‐level structural details of collagen protein in native state inside the bone. We report here approximately a fourfold sensitivity enhancement in the natural abundance 13C spectrum compared with the room temperature conventional solid‐state NMR probe. With the advantage of sensitivity enhancement, we have been able to perform natural abundance 15N cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and two‐dimensional (2D) 1H–13C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments of native collagen within a reasonable timeframe. Due to high sensitivity, 2D 1H/13C HETCOR experiments have helped in detecting several short and long‐range interactions of native collagen assembly, thus significantly expanding the scope of the method to such challenging biomaterials.
First pregnancy after in vitro culture of early antral follicles in goats: Positive effects of anethole on follicle development and steroidogenesis
Authors: de Sá Naiza A. R. , Ferreira Anna C. A. , Sousa Francisca G. C. , Duarte Ana B. G. , Paes Victor. M. , Cadenas Jesús , Anjos Jefferson C. , Fernandes César C. L. , Rosseto Rafael , Cibin Francielli W. S. , Alves Benner G. , Rodrigues Ana P. R. , Rondina David , Gastal Eduardo L. , Figueiredo José R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the role of anethole during the in vitro culture of caprine early antral follicles. Early antral follicles were isolated from caprine ovaries and cultured for 18 days without (control) or with anethole (300 µg/ml). After culture, the cumulus–oocyte complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation, followed by parthenogenetic activation or in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture. Follicular walls were used for the quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) of CYP19A1, CYP17, MMP‐9, TIMP‐2, Bax, and Bcl‐2 genes, and culture medium was used for evaluation of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and estradiol levels. After in vitro follicle culture (IVFC), anethole induced higher total antioxidant capacity, that is, it produced higher FRAP levels, reduced the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, and increased the levels of mRNA for CYP19A1 and CYP17, which was associated with a greater estradiol production (p < .05). Also, anethole improved the ability of oocytes to resume meiosis and reach metaphase II stage, as well as yielded higher (p < .05) embryo production (e.g., morulas and blastocysts) in both parthenogenetic activation and IVF techniques. One pregnancy (Day 30) was obtained from IVFC with anethole. In conclusion, anethole promoted in vitro growth and maturation of goat early antral follicles and oocytes and enabled embryo production. Furthermore, this study reports, for the first time in goats, a pregnancy after IVF using oocytes originated from early antral follicles grown in vitro.
Second‐order necessary optimality conditions for a discrete optimal control problem with nonlinear state equations
Authors: Toan N. T. , Thuy L. Q. , Ansari Q. H. , Yao J.‐C. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study second‐order necessary optimality conditions for a discrete optimal control problem with a nonconvex cost function, nonlinear state equations and mixed constraints. In order to achieve these conditions, we first establish an abstract result on the second‐order necessary optimality conditions for a mathematical programming problem and then we derive the second‐order necessary optimality conditions for a discrete optimal control problem. The main result of this article is illustrated by two examples.
Childhood nature connection and constructive hope: A review of research on connecting with nature and coping with environmental loss
Authors: Chawla Louise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithin a generation, children's lives have largely moved indoors, with the loss of free‐ranging exploration of the nearby natural world, even as research indicates that direct experiences of nature in childhood contribute to care for nature across the life span.In response, many conservation organizations advocate connecting children with nature, and there has been rising interest in measuring young people's connectedness with nature, understanding how it relates to their well‐being and stewardship behaviour and creating programs to increase connection.This article reviews the literature on these topics, covering both quantitative and qualitative studies. It notes that this research emphasizes positive experiences and emotions, even as global environmental changes and biodiversity loss accelerate.Young people's emotions of worry, frustration and sadness as they learn about environmental degradation also express their understanding that they are connected to the biosphere. Therefore this review includes research on how young people cope with information about large‐scale environmental problems, and it identifies practices to sustain hope.The review concludes by suggesting how research on connection with nature and coping with environmental change can benefit from integration.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effects of seawater absorption and desorption on the long‐term creep performance of graphene oxide embedded glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Anand Abhijeet , Ghosh Sohan Kumar , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study is primarily focused on analyzing the consequences of sea water absorption and desorption on the long‐term durability of glass fiber/epoxy (GE) and 0.5 wt% graphene oxide (GO) dispersed glass fiber/epoxy (GO‐GE) composites. Both GE and GO‐GE composite specimens were initially exposed to natural seawater for a duration of 9 months. Desorption was also carried out for some of the seawater saturated samples. Before ageing, flexural test and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried out to understand the impact of GO incorporation on the characteristics of GE composite. Using gravimetric analysis, the seawater uptake kinetic curves were determined for both the composites. Long‐term durability was assessed by performing stepwise isothermal creep and recovery tests in 30°C to 120°C temperature range and analysis of the results involved the use of time‐temperature superposition principle for constructing the creep master isotherms in different conditions (before ageing or dry state, saturated state, and desorbed state).
Study of the synthesis of C:H coating by PECVD for protecting Mg‐based nano‐objects
Authors: Liang Hui , Panepinto Adriano , Prince Loic , Olivier Marjorie , Cossement Damien , Bousser Etienne , Geng Xi , Li Wenjiang , Chen Minfang , Snyders Rony , Thiry Damien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the context of protecting Mg‐based nano‐objects for potential hydrogen storage applications, the potential of C:H layer as a barrier polymer material deposited by the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition process is examined. Corrosion tests reveal (a) good barrier properties of the C:H layer and (b) suggest an increase in the internal stress with the power dissipated in the plasma. The latter is attributed to an increase in the cross‐linking density of the coatings accompanied by an increase in the stiffness as shown by nanoindentation measurements. Finally, for a given set of plasma parameters, Mg‐based nanowires were successfully enrobed by the C:H coatings as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy measurements.
Top‐down lignomics analysis of the French pine lignin by atmospheric pressure photoionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry: Identification of a novel series of lignin–carbohydrate complexes
Authors: Mikhael Abanoub , Fridgen Travis D. , Delmas Michel , Banoub Joseph 
Published: August 2020

RationaleWe report the top‐down lignomics analysis of the virgin released lignin (VRL) extracted from French pine wood by using atmospheric pressure photoionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (APPI‐QqTOF‐MS) and low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID‐MS/MS).MethodsWe used APPI‐QqTOF‐MS (positive ion mode) for the analysis of the complex mixture of VRL oligomers extracted from French pine wood. Some of the major precursor ions were fished out from the complex VRL oligomeric mixture and subjected to low‐energy CID‐MS/MS analyses.ResultsFourteen novel lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were identified using APPI‐QqTOF‐MS/MS of the very complex mixture of virgin released lignins (VRLs), directly extracted from French pine wood without any kind of purification. The low‐energy CID‐MS/MS analyses allowed us to establish the fragmentation patterns of the precursor ions and to identify the complex structures of the identified LCC molecules. These novel identified series of LCCs were composed of one or two carbohydrate rings to which one, two, or three lignin units were covalently attached. In addition to the fourteen LCCs, acetyl eugenol was identified in the French pine VRL sample. The identification of acetyl eugenol indicates possible lignin degradation and modification (acetylation) during the mild extraction method developed by the Compagnie Industrielle de la Matière Végétale (CIMV).ConclusionsThe top‐down lignomics analysis of the French pine VRLs using APPI‐QqTOF‐MS and low energy CID‐MS/MS allowed us to identify acetylated eugenol and a novel series of fourteen LCCs. These series of LCCs provide evidence that lignins are covalently linked to carbohydrates in the native wood network and act as cross‐linkers between cellulose and hemicellulose components of wood.
Enteroviruses in gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Rao C. Durga 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGastrointestinal diseases including diarrhoea constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children especially in developing countries. Worldwide deaths among all ages due to diarrhoea during 2015 were estimated to be about 1.31 million, diarrhoeal deaths in children below 5 years of age being 499 000. Rotavirus accounted for about 200 000 deaths. Although diarrhoeal deaths decreased significantly during the last two decades, they still represent the third largest cause of infantile deaths. Several bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal and non‐infectious diarrhoea causing agents have been identified, but 30% to 40% of diarrhoeal cases remain undiagnosed. Enteroviruses transmit by the faecal‐oral route and replicate first in intestinal cells before spreading to the target organ. They have been associated with diarrhoea in a few studies, but their causative role in diarrhoea in humans has not been systematically demonstrated. In view of the recent demonstration that enteroviruses cause diarrhoea in newborn mice pups, thus validating Koch's postulates, the purpose of this review is to emphasise the importance of recognising enteroviruses as major gastrointestinal pathogens associated with acute and persistent diarrhoea and non‐diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements in infants, young children and adults. Our studies and several other subsequent studies reported from different countries should stimulate strategies to reduce the burden of infantile gastrointestinal disease, which has hitherto remained unaddressed.
Necessary conditions for a class of optimal multiprocess with state constraints
Authors: Cortez Karla , de Pinho Maria do Rosário , Matos Aníbal 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this article, we derive a maximum principle for a special class of free end time optimal control of multiprocesses involving a family of control systems acting in different regions defined by state constraints. We are mainly interested in problems with contiguous time intervals. The main feature of our maximum principle is that it covers the case where some of the regions considered may not be visited. This means that the intervals where the corresponding control systems are active may be reduced to a single point. The derivation of our maximum principle is done by reformulating the optimal multiprocess problem as an equivalent fixed time state constrained optimal control problem. This reformulated problem is also of interest since it provides the means to solve optimal multiprocess problems numerically via the direct method. We illustrate our findings with an example concerning the path planning of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using a simple kinematic model derived for simulations. We use simplified point‐mass model for the motion of an AUV in a horizontal plane and we assume that the ocean currents are known. We recast this problem as the multiprocess optimal control problem of interest and we study it via simulations presenting computational results partially validated by the maximum principle.