bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten bei Lymphödem-Erkrankungen
Authors: Reißhauer Anett , Schuester Leon , Kling Annelies , Liebl Max Emanuel 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Komorbiditäten sind Erkrankungen, die nebeneinander auftreten, entweder voneinander unabhängig oder als Folgeerkrankung einer Indexerkrankung. Bekannte Ursachen oder Risikofaktoren für Lymphödeme (LÖ) sind u. a. maligne Erkrankungen und ihre Behandlung, Adipositas, chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz und das Lipödem. Bekannte Folgeerkrankungen sind u. a. Erysipele sowie Haut- und Nagelpilzerkrankungen. Ziel ist die Erhebung der Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten bei Lymphödem-Erkrankungen.
Methoden Retrospektive Analyse von 457 konsekutiven Fällen der Sprechstunde für Lymphödem-Erkrankungen der Hochschulambulanz einer Universitätsklinik hinsichtlich der Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten.
Ergebnisse n = 391 Fälle kamen zur Auswertung, getrennt nach Ödem-Genese, darunter n = 51 primäre Lymphödeme (pL) (Verdacht und gesichert, davon 8 gesicherte syndromale Erkrankungen) und n = 340 sekundäre Lymphödeme (sL). Das Geschlechterverhältnis in der Stichprobe war 9:1 (w:m). Während die pL-Patienten einen BMI vergleichbar der altersentsprechenden Referenzgruppe der Allgemeinbevölkerung aufwiesen, zeigten Patienten mit sL einen durchschnittlichen BMI von 33,8 und einen Anteil von 64 % adipöser Patienten (21 % mit BMI über 40). Die Prävalenz rezidivierender Erysipele war mit 7,8 bzw. 7,9 % zwischen pL und sL vergleichbar häufig. Weitere Prävalenzen wie Diagnosen aus dem muskuloskelettalen Bereich (ICD-Kapitel XIII/„M“) zeigten sich in der Stichprobe in altersgerechter Verteilung. Eine besonders hohe Prävalenz zeigten in der Gruppe der sL Schilddrüsenerkrankungen (30 %), dabei überwiegend die Schilddrüsenunterfunktion.
Diskussion Nur z. T. können das Patientenalter und Geschlecht die Prävalenzen der Komorbiditäten erklären. Auffällig beim sekundären LÖ ist die Prävalenz der Adipositas, die als Kofaktor bei der Entstehung und als aggravierender Faktor bekannt ist. Von Interesse ist auch die vergleichbare Prävalenz von Erysipelen zwischen den primären und sekundären Lymphödemen. Offenbar spielt die Genese des LÖ für die Entstehung eines Erysipels keine Rolle. Bislang kaum beschrieben, aber höchst auffällig, ist die hohe Prävalenz von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, insbesondere der Hypothyreose, bei sekundären LÖ.
Blastomycosis
Authors: Schwartz Ilan S. , Kauffman Carol A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBlastomycosis is a serious fungal disease of humans and other mammals caused by environmentally acquired infection with geographically restricted, thermally dimorphic fungi belonging to the genus Blastomyces. The genetic and geographic diversity of these pathogens is greater than previously appreciated. In addition to Blastomyces dermatitidis and the cryptic species Blastomyces gilchristii, which cause blastomycosis in mid-western and various eastern areas of North America, atypical blastomycosis is occasionally caused by Blastomyces helicus in western parts of North America and Blastomyces percursus in Africa. Blastomycosis is acquired by inhalation of the conidia that are produced in the mold phase; in the lungs, temperature-dependent transformation occurs to the yeast phase. In this form, the organism is phagocytized by macrophages and can spread hematogenously to various organs causing disseminated infection. Pulmonary disease is most common and varies from mild, self-limited infection to severe, potentially fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome. Disseminated infection is manifested primarily by skin lesions, but many other organs can be involved. Diagnosis is established by growth of the organism in culture; however, a tentative diagnosis can be made quickly by histopathological identification of the classic yeast form in tissues or by finding Blastomyces antigen in urine or serum. Blastomycosis is treated initially with amphotericin B when the disease is severe, involves the central nervous system, or the host is immunosuppressed. Itraconazole is recommended for primary therapy in mild-to-moderate infection and for step-down therapy after initial amphotericin B treatment. Voriconazole and posaconazole can be used for patients in whom itraconazole is not tolerated.
Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Kimes Kathryn E. , Kasule Sabirah N. , Blair Janis E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the geographically restricted dimorphic fungus, Coccidioides. Coccidioidomycosis occurs endemically in the southwestern and western United States, mainly in focused regions of Arizona and California where the incidence is highest, and in Central and South America. Patients with impaired immunity, especially those with impaired cellular immunity, are at higher risk of severe and disseminated disease. In this review, we describe the fungal ecology and mycology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and normal immune defenses to Coccidioides as well as address current concepts in diagnosis, treatment, and continued care of patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. We also present and answer our most frequently asked questions regarding patients with primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.
Detection and Remediation of Misidentification Errors in Radiology Examination Ordering
Authors: Sheehan Scott E. , Safdar Nasia , Singh Hardeep , Sittig Dean F. , Bruno Michael A. , Keller Kelli , Kinnard Samantha , Brunner Michael C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Despite progress in patient safety, misidentification errors in radiology such as ordering imaging on the wrong anatomic side persist. If undetected, these errors can cause patient harm for multiple reasons, in addition to producing erroneous electronic health records (EHR) data.
Objectives We describe the pilot testing of a quality improvement methodology using electronic trigger tools and preimaging checklists to detect “wrong-side” misidentification errors in radiology examination ordering, and to measure staff adherence to departmental policy in error remediation.
Methods We retrospectively applied and compared two methods for the detection of “wrong-side” misidentification errors among a cohort of all imaging studies ordered during a 1-year period (June 1, 2015–May 31, 2016) at our tertiary care hospital. Our methods included: (1) manual review of internal quality improvement spreadsheet records arising from the prospective performance of preimaging safety checklists, and (2) automated error detection via the development and validation of an electronic trigger tool which identified discrepant side indications within EHR imaging orders.
Results Our combined methods detected misidentification errors in 6.5/1,000 of study cohort imaging orders. Our trigger tool retrospectively identified substantially more misidentification errors than were detected prospectively during preimaging checklist performance, with a high positive predictive value (PPV: 88.4%, 95% confidence interval: 85.4–91.4). However, two third of errors detected during checklist performance were not detected by the trigger tool, and checklist-detected errors were more often appropriately resolved (p < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval: 2.0–6.9; odds ratio: 3.6).
Conclusion Our trigger tool enabled the detection of substantially more imaging ordering misidentification errors than preimaging safety checklists alone, with a high PPV. Many errors were only detected by the preimaging checklist; however, suggesting that additional trigger tools may need to be developed and used in conjunction with checklist-based methods to ensure patient safety.
Methods for Estimating Endotracheal Tube Insertion Depth in Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul , Faden Maher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective To systematically review the methods for estimating endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion depth in neonates.Study Design Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs). RCTs comparing two or more different methods to estimate ETT insertion depth were included. Two co-authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome includes the proportion of optimally placed ETT tips identified on chest X-ray.Results Eight RCTs evaluating seven different estimation methods were included. Trials varied defining the optimal position of the ETT tip. Overall, the percentage of optimal position ranged from 8.8 to 93%. The weight, gestation nomogram, and vocal cord estimation methods resulted in malpositioning of ETT tips in more than half of infants ≤30 weeks' gestational age. The rates of optimal ETT tip placement with the digital palpation method differ between moderately (83–93%; two RCTs) and extremely (47%; one RCT) preterm infants. Meta-analysis showed no difference between weight-based and digital palpation methods (relative risk = 0.88; 95% confidence interval = 0.75–1.04; three RCTs; participants = 205; I 2 = 0%; quality of evidence, low).Conclusion Commonly used estimation methods for ETT tip placement are inaccurate and unreliable. Further research is required to improve the accuracy of estimation methods and also to identify the usefulness of the digital palpation method in large clinical trials.
Sum frequency generation, calculation of absolute intensities, comparison with experiments, and two-field relaxation-based derivation
Authors: Niu Kai , Marcus Rudolph A. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
The water surface structures, where a dangling OH bond plays a role in catalysis, can be studied by the sum frequency generation (SFG) experimentally and theoretically. The dangling OH bond region of the SFG is investigated using the classical molecular dynamics simulation for the ssp, sps, and ppp combinations of the different electric field polarizations. Reasonable agreement with no adjustable parameters within a factor of 1.3 is obtained with the experimental single-term SFG polarization combinations ssp and sps. The comparison of the calculated absolute SFG intensities with the experimental values provides a test of the various approximations in the literature, such as the values used in some cases for the two polarizability derivatives of a surface OH.
Spatial distribution of urban greenspace in response to urban development from a multi-scale perspective
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Weiqi , Wang Jia , Yu Wenjuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Urban expansion and renewal are one of the major drivers affecting urban landscapes worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted to understand how urban greenspace (UG) changes in response to urbanization at various scales from individual patches to landscapes. However, most of these studies have been conducted at a single scale, and little is known from a multiple scale perspective. Here, we present a multi-scale analytical framework to quantify the spatial pattern of greenspace and its change by integrating rank-size distribution, urban–rural gradient analysis and hotspots analysis. We applied this framework to nine major Chinese cities using 2.5 m resolution Advanced Land Observation Satellite and Systeme Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre imagery captured in 2005 and 2010. We found the multi-scale assessment provides integrated and synthesized information about the dynamics of UG that would otherwise be missed. First, the hotspots analysis revealed dramatic change in UG for all the nine cities, and such change tended to be spatially clustered. Second, the spatial heterogeneity of UG decreased from 2005 to 2010 for all the cities as a result of the increase of UG in urban core areas and loss of UG in the urban periphery, resulting in landscape homogenization along the urban–rural gradient. Third, substantial loss of UG co-occurred with densification of urban land development, indicating potential adverse impacts of compact city on urban greenery. Infill development became dominant, with percentage ranging from 52.7% in Shanghai to 90.6% in Nanjing, resulting in more compact urban form. This study underscores the importance of a multi-scale perspective on understanding the spatial distribution of UG and its change, and its response to urban development.
Research on Detection of Gunshot Residues on Textile by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Miaomiao Zhang , Jian Zhang , Dayu Bi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The different chemical components of gunshot residues and the corresponding carrier medium give rise to different spectroscopic features. By utilising this property, infrared spectroscopic imaging is employed to detect the gunshot residues on the surfaces of different textiles. Compared to traditional imaging methods, this technique produces higher-contrast images. Factors such as the composition of gunpowder, material burned, surface property of the carrier medium, range of excitation light, and starting and ending wavelengths are analysed. This research offers a novel idea for the detection of gunshot residues.
Power-switching beyond silicon: features of GaN devices
Authors: Liu Yonghan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The generation, transmission, and use of electric power require different forms of power conversion. The commonly used electronic circuits for power conversion utilize switching techniques and, consequently, are referred to as switch-mode power electronic circuits. Two types of semiconductor-based switches are widely used in these circuits: two-terminal rectifiers (diodes) and three-terminal controlled switches (transistors). Currently, many integrated circuit devices use Silicon as the main substrate, because silicon is easy to purify and crystallize. Moreover, it is cheaper than nearly most of other semiconductor material. Silicon becomes main semiconductor material in today’s developments of power-switching. However, silicon’s energy gap is not large enough, which is the limitation of realizing more functions. With the requirement of new material to break the boundary of material limitation, the third-generation semiconductor rise up. This article will discuss the ideal requirements of power switching and how these requirements were realized by GaN through the method of deriving equations. Meanwhile, comparing with advantages of GaN, this paper will point out the silicon’s shortages. Finally, discussing reasons why GaN did not substitute Si then become the main semiconductor material among diodes or transistors.
China’s Energy Consumption and Economic Growth under the Constraints of Carbon Emissions
Authors: chang-lin Ji , yi-ning Liu , Ya-ning Zhang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper was based on the provincial unbalanced panel data of 31 administrative regions in China from 2005 to 2016, investigated the effects of carbon emission constraints and economic growth on China’s energy consumption, energy consumption structure and energy policy changes. The empirical results showed that a higher level of economic development would increase regional carbon emissions. Active energy policy and consumption structure adjustment will have a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions. This study provided micro-theoretical support for the optimization of regional energy consumption structural adjustment strategy, spatial prediction of emission reduction, and resolving the balance between energy supply and demand. It was helpful for local governments to analyze the energy consumption situation and the overall structural change trend according to the energy consumption structure. It could further tap the energy-saving potential of the region and formulate reasonable long-term development strategies.
Development of Fe3O4-modified-carboxylic MWCNTs for extraction and determination of pigments in beverage
Authors: Feng Zufei , Li Sijin , Lu Yan , Zhao Yingjuan , Zhai Xinyue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A nanomaterial comprising Fe3O4-modified-carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4-MWCNTs-COOH) was prepared by a co-precipitation method. Combined with HPLC-photodiode array detector (DAD), Fe3O4-MWCNTs-COOH was used to determine pigments in beverage. Some important parameters that could influence extraction efficiency were optimized. The results indicated that Fe3O4-MWCNTs-COOH combined with HPLC-DAD is a promising solid-phase extraction material for the sample pretreatment in the determination of pigments.
The approach to sustainable space mining: issues, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Xu Fengna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Harvesting and using space resources and energy has always been a dream of mankind for centuries as well as a popular topic for science fiction novels. In recent years, technological development makes space mining possible or even a reality in the near future. Accordingly, not only governments but also ambitious private actors are engaged in space mining activities. In addition to increasing investment, the USA and Luxembourg have erected their national space law to answer industrial needs. However, existing international law fails to address these activities in an effective manner, and many issues remain unresolved. Without further regulation, a laissez-faire approach would be detrimental to the growth of this nascent industry. Some challenges are likely to happen, such as conflicts between multiple States, inequalities in benefits sharing, and environment contamination. As a result, for promoting sustainable exploitation and use of space resources and energy, this article suggests some solutions, including: 1) guaranteeing legal certainty; 2) ensuring sufficient investment; 3) strengthening international cooperation; 4) promoting environment preservation and protection.
Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer in Mine
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Shudong , Fan Shiyong , Shi Haiyan , Zhang Liang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In view of the ambiguity of power system transformer faults in mines, the traditional gas analysis method cannot directly judge the possibility of fault occurrence based on gas concentration. A fault diagnosis method for mine transformers based on intuitionistic fuzzy Petri nets is proposed. The relationship between characteristic gas and fault is described by intuitionistic fuzzy set, and a new type of intuitive fault diagnosis model is established. The membership degree and non-affiliation degree are introduced into the model. The intuitionistic fuzzy inference algorithm is designed. By obtaining and processing the specific parameters such as the weight of the connecting arc and the threshold of the transition in the fault diagnosis model, the fault diagnosis process is transformed into the intuitionistic fuzzy inference process using the intuitionistic fuzzy Petri net. Finally, the membership degree and non-affiliation degree of each fault are obtained to judge the possibility of fault occurrence. It is verified by the fact that the above-mentioned mine transformer fault reasoning method can quickly judge the possibility of fault occurrence according to the concentration of gas.
Research Recommendations for Food Safety Testing Standard Sample System
Authors: Tianfei Dong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research on the standard sample system for food safety testing is mainly to solve the problems of forward-looking, systematic and scientific in the development of food safety testing standard sample system. This research work combines the necessity of research and the analysis of the current research situation, classifies and constructs the standard samples in the food safety testing standard sample system, establishes the food safety testing standard sample system, and compiles the corresponding system table and system management. Besides we also give some suggestions on how to promote the improvement and improvement of the system, such as factors and technical requirements.
Study on effects of hot isostatic pressing process on microstructure and properties of CNTs/Al2009 composites
Authors: He X L , He T B , Tang P J , Wang X Y , Li P Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The CNTs/Al2009 composite powders were prepared by cryogenic milling method and then the CNTs/Al2009 matrix composites were fabricated by hot extrusion process or hot isostatic pressing (HIP)/hot extrusion process. The effects of HIP process on microstructure and interface structure of CNTs/Al2009 composites were studied by X-ray diffraction, raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. Finally, the effects of HIP process on the CNTs/2009Al composites were characterized by tensile strength at room temperature. The results showed that the cryogenic milling process could disperse 1.0 wt. % of CNTs into the aluminum matrix, and the composites prepared by HIP and hot extrusion process had uniform microstructure and excellent tensile properties at room temperature. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the 1.0 wt.% CNTs/Al2009 composites prepared by HIP and hot extrusion process were 560 MPa, 443.3 MPa and 10.2%, respectively. Hot isostatic pressing process had an important influence on the interfacial bonding strength of CNTs/Al2009 composites. The strength of the composite prepared by HIP and hot extrusion process was 20 MPa higher than that of direct hot extrusion process, and the elongation was basically the same. The main reason was that the high temperature and high pressure conditions of hot isostatic pressing process could promote the reaction of carbon and aluminum at the interface between CNTs and aluminum matrix, so that a few CNTs with severe damage and defects in some CNTs formed Al4C3 phase with aluminum, thereby improving two compatibility, and enhanced interface bonding.
Synthesis, wettability and optical properties of xTiO2- (1-x) SiO2 composite thin films
Authors: Wang Jun , Bai Lingyun , Xiao Yueyuan , Luo Yuhong , Zhu Binghua , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
xTiO2- (1-x) SiO2 composite thin films with x=1.0, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5 were dip-coated on glass substrates by sol-gel method. The effects of composition on the microstructure, wettability and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle tester and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that only the anatase diffraction peaks of TiO2 were found in composite materials. With the increase of SiO2 concentration, the crystallization degree of the composite material decreased slightly. The hydrophilicity was enhanced after coating on glass substrates. The water contact angle of TiO2 film was the smallest in all the films. All the composite films were transparent in visible wavelength. And the average transmittance of 0.5TiO2-0.5SiO2 was highest. The sharp decrease of transmittance was observed in the transmittance spectra, which was related to absorption of photos by electron in valence band.
Effect of different macromonomer molecular size in polycaroxylate superplasticizer by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Chuang Po-Hsiang , Zhang Shaomin , Ke Yuliang , Guo Yuanqiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the solution conformation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) with different macromonomer molecular size. Simulation results showed that the larger size of macromonomer in the PCE make the molecules have greater intermolecular interactions. The probability of water molecules around the PCE molecules affected the water distribution in the systems. These results indicated that there were more water molecules around the main chain of PCE, while the macromonomer in PCE was larger. Knowledge of the interaction relationship between water molecules and PCE using molecular dynamics simulation opens the way for understanding the mechanism of superplasticizer in cement systems.