bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D and Immune Regulation: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti‐Inflammatory
Authors: L Bishop Emma , Ismailova Aiten , Dimeloe Sarah , Hewison Martin , White John H 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTRegulation of immune function continues to be one of the most well‐recognized extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. This stemmed initially from the discovery that antigen presenting cells such as macrophages could actively metabolize precursor 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to active 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Parallel observation that activated cells from the immune system expressed the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25D suggested a potential role for vitamin D as a localized endogenous modulator of immune function. Subsequent studies have expanded our understanding of how vitamin D exerts effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. At an innate level, intracrine synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells stimulates expression of antimicrobial proteins such as cathelicidin, as well as lowering intracellular iron concentrations via suppression of hepcidin. By potently enhancing autophagy, 1,25D may also play an important role in combatting intracellular pathogens such asM. tuberculosisand viral infections. Local synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells also appears to play a pivotal role in mediating T‐cell responses to vitamin D, leading to suppression of inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, and concomitant induction of immunotolerogenic T‐regulatory responses. The aim of this review is to provide an update on our current understanding of these prominent immune actions of vitamin D, as well as highlighting new, less well‐recognized immune effects of vitamin D. The review also aims to place this mechanistic basis for the link between vitamin D and immunity with studies in vivo that have explored a role for vitamin D supplementation as a strategy for improved immune health. This has gained prominence in recent months with the global coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis and highlights important new objectives for future studies of vitamin D and immune function. © 2020 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of substitution on the bonding in He dimer confined within dodecahedrane: A computational study
Authors: Jana Gourhari , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of substitution in the dodecahedrane (C20H20) cage on bonding in the confined He dimer is analyzed. The HeHe distances inside the halogenated dodecahedrane C20X20(X = FBr) cages are found to be less than half of that in the free He dimer. Comparing the equilibrium structure of He2@C20H20with He2@C20X20atωB97XD/def2‐TZVPP level, it is found that the He‐He distances are relatively larger in the latter cases indicating the influence of halogen groups on the interaction between the cage and the trapped He pair. The viability of the He2@C20X20complexes is reflected in the presence of a very high activation energy barrier against the thermochemically feasible dissociation process producing free He2and C20X20. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) approach reveals a partial covalent interaction between He pair.
Corrosion inhibitor by a polymerizable columnar mesogen based on hexabenzocoronene derivative
Authors: Liu Yu‐Te , Kuo Han‐Wen , Cheng Chi‐Wei , Wu Wen‐Ti , Chen Kuan‐Ying , Yeh Jui‐Ming , Chen Hsiu‐Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene derivative (HBC‐1,2,4‐Ph‐DA‐C12) with the central HBC core tethered with three diacetylene (DA)‐containing chains and three saturated alkyl chains was applied for the anticorrosion of an iron surface. This compound, which exhibits a columnar liquid crystalline phase, could be polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation through reactions between the DA units. This polymer coating exhibited a good anticorrosion property with good hydrophobicity (contact angle [CA] ~ 84°–105°) and excellent mechanical property. It showed a high resistance of 149 kΩ/cm2, much higher than that of known anticorrosion materials.
Perceived family and individual social status and its association with depression and suicidality in an adolescent clinical sample
Authors: Vidal Carol , Latkin Carl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a well‐documented association between subjective social status (SSS) and depression among adults. Yet, the research on SSS and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescent minority populations is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the adolescent's SSS and mental health in an adolescent sample. A total of 197 adolescents ages 12 to 18 years (M age = 14.58; SD = 1.54) and their parents were recruited in urban outpatient clinics. Sociodemographics and measures of depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and SSS were collected in a cross‐sectional survey and through chart review. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to calculate statistical associations with depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Significant negative associations were found between SSS and depression, suicidal ideation, and prior suicidal attempts, independent of socioeconomic status. Consideration should be given to assessing measures of social rank to appraise risk in adolescent outpatient clinical settings.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Dalteparin in Pediatric Patients With Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Damle Bharat , Jen Frank , Sherman Nancy , Jani Darshana , Sweeney Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article describes the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of dalteparin in pediatric patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). A prospective multicenter open‐label study was conducted in children who required anticoagulation for the treatment of VTE. The study population included children with and without cancer. The goal was to describe the pharmacokinetics of dalteparin using anti‐Xa as a surrogate marker and to determine the dose required to achieve therapeutic anti‐Xa levels (0.5‐1.0 IU/mL). The anti‐Xa data were supplemented with 2 published studies and analyzed using population pharmacokinetic approaches. The pharmacokinetics of dalteparin following subcutaneous injection in pediatric patients was described by a 1‐compartment model with linear absorption and elimination. Body weight was added as a covariate on both CL/F and Vd/F as a power function with fixed exponents of 0.75 and 1.0, respectively. The estimates of CL/F and Vd/F in the full model were 929 mL/h and 7180 mL, respectively, for a reference female patient aged 12 years with body weight of 43 kg. Body weight‐normalized CL/F decreased with age. Cancer status and sex did not have significant effects on CL/F and Vd/F. Simulations were conducted to select starting doses of dalteparin that would rapidly achieve therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. These simulations suggested that the recommended starting doses of dalteparin administered subcutaneously in pediatric patients of different age cohort groups for treatment of VTE were 150 IU/kg every 12 hours (1 month to <2 years), 125 IU/kg every 12 hours (≥2 to <8 years), and 100 IU/kg every 12 hours (≥8 to <19 years).
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Bladder Cancer: Analysis of Cases Reported in the European Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: García Montserrat , Arteche‐Martinez Unai , Lertxundi Unax , Aguirre Carmelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe association between sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and cancer risk is unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze whether a disproportionate number of cases of bladder cancer are reported for SGLT2is in EudraVigilance. A case/noncase study was conducted to assess the association between bladder cancer and SGLT2is, calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs) from November 11, 2012 (approval date for the first SGLT2i, dapagliflozin) to May 19, 2020. First, cases involving SGLT2is were compared with those involving all other drugs; and similar analysis was performed for each SGLT2i. Second, to reduce the risk of confounding by indication, the RORs for SGLT2is compared with other antidiabetics were obtained. Besides, 2 measures were taken to evaluate a possible notoriety bias: a sensitivity analysis excluding pioglitazone was performed and the evolution of the ROR over time for SGLT2is was measured. There were 6602 cases of bladder cancer in the 4,213,637 reports during the study period. SGLT2is were involved in 155 cases. The ROR for pooled SGLT2is was 3.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.39–4.66), disproportionality also being observed for each SGLT2i separately. The association was strongest for dapagliflozin (ROR, 7.02; 95%CI, 5.69–8.66). Nonetheless, this association disappeared when comparing SGLT2is with other antidiabetic drugs (ROR, 0.20; 95%CI, 0.17–0.24). But when excluding pioglitazone from the analysis, a safety signal for SGLT2is compared with other antidiabetics emerged (ROR, 6.84; 95%CI 5.41–8.65). Our study found a disproportionately high number of cases of bladder cancer among users of SGLT2is. However, observational analytical studies will be needed to confirm these results.
Justification for a Fixed Dose of Eflapegrastim, a Long‐Acting G‐CSF, in Patients Receiving Docetaxel‐Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy
Authors: Barrett John A. , Greene Douglas , Lakshmikanthan Sribalaji , Kolli Prasad , Chawla Shanta , Lebel Francois 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEflapegrastim (Rolontis) is a long‐acting granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) produced by conjugating a human G‐CSF analogue and a human immunoglobulin G4 Fc fragment, linked via a polyethylene glycol linker. Weight‐based doses of 45 to 270 μg/kg eflapegrastim (12.3‐73.6 μg/kg as G‐CSF) were evaluated in a phase 2 study in patients. Based on these results, a fixed dose of 13.2 mg eflapegrastim (3.6 mg G‐CSF) was compared with pegfilgrastim (6 mg G‐CSF) in 2 phase 3 studies and in a pharmacokinetic single‐arm multicenter study. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) data from these 3 studies were evaluated in patients with early‐stage breast cancer who were treated with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (n = 669). Serum concentrations of eflapegrastim were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Eflapegrastim systemic exposures were higher in cycle 1 than in cycle 3, likely attributable to the higher ANC in cycle 3, increasing neutrophil‐mediated clearance. Eflapegrastim elicited a greater effect on ANC than pegfilgrastim in patients at ∼60% of the G‐CSF dose. Body weight had no clinically significant effect on response, justifying administration of a fixed dose of eflapegrastim. The results from 2 phase 3 studies demonstrate that eflapegrastim at a fixed dose of 13.2 mg (3.6 mg G‐CSF) administered once per chemotherapy cycle is effective in prophylactic treatment of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.
Acetic acid catalysed solvent‐free synthesis of spiro‐isoxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridines/quinolines by mechano‐chemical grinding
Authors: Jindal Sagar , Meena Kalawati , Magoo Devanshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient three‐component procedure has been developed for the synthesis of a series of spiro‐isoxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridines/quinolines by one‐pot condensation of isatins, 3‐methylisoxazol‐5‐amine and enolizable cyclic carbonyl compounds. The protocol has been accomplished under solvent‐free conditions by grinding the components at room temperature in presence of catalytic CH3COOH. The described process offers environmentally benign reaction conditions for the synthesis of pharmacologically important spirooxindole fused heterocycles with the advantages ofoperational simplicity, short reaction time and good to excellent yields of isolated pure product.
High infiltration of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, TCR oligoclonality, and neoantigens are part of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Barros Luciana Rodrigues Carvalho , Souza-Santos Paulo Thiago , Pretti Marco Antonio Marques , Vieira Gustavo Fioravanti , Bragatte Marcelo Alves De Souza , Mendes Marcus Fabiano De Almeida , De Freitas Martiela Vaz , Scherer Nicole De Miranda , De Oliveira Ivanir Martins , Rapozo Davy Carlos Mendes , Fernandes Priscila Valverde , Simão Tatiana De Almeida , Soares-Lima Sheila Coelho , Boroni Mariana , Ribeiro Pinto Luis Felipe , Bonamino Martin Hernan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA) exhibits high intratumoral molecular heterogeneity posing a challenge to cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been approved for this disease, but with modest results. RNA-Seq data from paired tumor and surrounding nonmalignant tissue from 14 patients diagnosed with ESCA without previous treatment and from The Cancer Genome Atlas-ESCA cohort were analyzed. Herein, we investigated ESCA immune landscape including mutation-derived neoantigens and immune cell subpopulations. Tumor-associated antigen expression was determined by in silico analyses and confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing that PRAME, CEACAM4, and MAGEA11 proteins are expressed on tumors. Immune checkpoint molecules gene expression was higher in the tumor compared with surrounding nonmalignant tissue, but its expression varies greatly among patients. TCR repertoire and BCR transcripts analysis evidenced low clonal diversity with one TCR clone predicted to be specific for a MAGEA11-derived peptide. A high number of B-cell clones infiltrating the tumors and the abundance of these cells in tertiary lymphoid structures observed in ESCA tumors support B cells as a potential immune modulator in this tumor.
Convergence between global BCG vaccination and COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Islam Md. Zahurul , Zahan Md. Kudrat‐E , Al‐Bari Md. Abdul Alim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has kept the whole world in tenterhooks due to its severe life‐threatening infectious disease, COVID‐19. The virus is distinct from its cousins, SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV in terms of severity of the infection. The obligated killing properties of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is mediated by its unique structure. Efforts for developing vaccines for COVID‐19 are ongoing, but it is unlikely to be available in the immediate future. Due to the absence of precise treatment, the investigators are discovering other effective, protective, and healing choices. However, the lower than a predictable number of SARS‐CoV‐2 cases in countries with fragile health systems is mystifying. Recently, there has been a buzz about the protective effect of Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine in COVID‐19 through long‐term boosting of trained immunity. Based on epidemiological correlations, we link up that BCG vaccination adopted by different countries might influence the SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission patterns and/or COVID‐19 associated mortality through the vaccine's capacity to confer heterologous protection. A number of clinical studies are underway to investigate this possibility but even if they prove effective‐many questions will remain. Moreover, responsible stewardship of the BCG vaccine in the context of the COVID‐19 epidemic is directly needed.
Saffold virus infection in elderly people with acute gastroenteritis in Sweden
Authors: Vandesande Helena , Edman Kjell , Rondahl Elin , Falkeborn Tina , Serrander Lena , Lindberg A. Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractViral gastroenteritis is a major source of morbidity and mortality, predominantly caused by so‐called NOROAD viruses (norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus). In approximately onethird of all cases, however, the exact etiology is unknown. The in 2007 discovered human cardiovirus Saffold virus (SAFV) may prove to be a plausible candidate to explain this diagnostic gap. This virus, a member of the Picornaviridae family which is closely related to the murine viruses Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and Theravirus, is a widespread pathogen and causes infection early in life. Screening of 238 fecal or vomitus samples obtained from NOROAD‐negative, elderly patients with acute gastroenteritis at the University Hospital of Linköping showed that SAFV is present in low abundance (4.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene revealed a Swedish isolate belonging to the highly common and in Europe widespread SAFV‐3 genotype. This genotype is also related to previously reported Asian strains. This study describes the first molecular typing of a Swedish SAFV isolate and is the first report to document the circulation of SAFV among elderly people. The pathogenicity of SAFV is, as of yet, still under debate; further studies are necessary to determine its role in the development of disease.
Margin Practices in Oral Cavity Cancer Resections: Survey of American Head and Neck Society Members
Authors: Bulbul Mustafa G. , Zenga Joseph , Tarabichi Osama , Parikh Anuraag S. , Sethi Rosh K. , Robbins K. Thomas , Puram Sidharth V. , Varvares Mark A. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the definition of a clear margin and the use of frozen section (FS) among practicing head and neck surgeons in oral cancer management.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe designed a survey that was sent to American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) members via an email link.ResultsA total of 185 (13% of 1,392) AHNS members completed our survey. Most surgeons surveyed (96.8%) use FS to supplement oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma resections. Fifty‐five percent prefer a specimen‐based approach. The majority of respondents believe FS is efficacious in guiding re‐resection of positive margins, with 81% considering the new margin to be negative. More than half of respondents defined a distance of >5 mm on microscopic examination as a negative margin.ConclusionsTo avoid oral cancer resections that result in positive margins on final analysis, and thus the need for additional therapy, most surgeons surveyed use FS. A majority of surveyed surgeons now prefer a specimen‐based approach to margin assessment. Although there is a debate on what constitutes a negative margin, most surgeons surveyed believe it to be >5 mm on microscopic examination.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:782–787, 2021
Experience Treating Earlobe Keloids with Laser Diode 980nm Excision Followed by Triamcinolone Infiltration
Authors: Fuenmayor Pedro , Quiñonez Hector , Salas Reinaldo , Pujadas Zoe 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectiveLasers have a favorable synergistic effect when combined with other modalities of treatment against keloids. Different types of lasers have been used with triamcinolone infiltration, resulting in promising success rates. The purpose of this study is to describe our first experience treating earlobe keloids with 980 nm laser diode excision followed by triamcinolone infiltration and present our outcomes after 24 months of follow‐up.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review of 11 patients with 14 earlobe keloids treated with excision using a 980 nm laser diode followed by triamcinolone acetonide infiltration, between January 2015 and May 2016. Database included demographics, Fitzpatrick skin type, laterality, lesion size, and postoperative visits information. Outcomes were assessed in terms of keloid recurrence rates, complications, and patient subjective aesthetical result satisfaction after 24 months of follow‐up.ResultsAll procedures were technically completed, and follow‐up accomplished without attrition. One (7.14%) patient experienced keloid recurrence after the third month. Four (28.57%) patients experienced early wound dehiscence, successfully treated with debridement and re‐suture. Self‐assessment of aesthetical result was considered “very good” in 64.28% of patients.ConclusionSurgical excision with 980 nm laser diode followed by triamcinolone infiltration is well‐tolerated and shows favorable results treating earlobe keloids, and can be considered a first‐line treatment. Comparison between different types of lasers and control groups in large clinical trials is warranted in order to obtain strong clinical evidence for clear indications and recommendations. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Hierarchical group decision‐making approach for information technology project evaluation and prioritization
Authors: Şahin Zorluoğlu Özge , Kabak Özgür 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to define a novel hierarchical group decision‐making (HGDM) problem. For this problem, a practical solution approach is proposed for information technology (IT) project evaluation and prioritization. HGDM is a decision‐making problem with a large number of decision makers (DMs) or experts organized in a hierarchical structure. For this problem, a practical solution approach based on pairwise comparisons is developed. For evaluating the projects in organizations, specifically for the IT projects, a hierarchy of many DMs make project proposals and assess proposed projects using various sets of criteria. The proposed HGDM approach is applied to the evaluation and prioritization of IT projects. A problem with 22 DMs and experts in a three‐level hierarchy, 29 criteria and 15 projects is solved using the proposed HGDM approach. The HGDM approach can deal with more complex real‐life problems such as problems where more than 500 projects, 100 DMs and experts, and 100 criteria exist. The originality of the study is the introduction of HGDM in the group decision‐making environment.
Correlation of the changes in physical activity and clinical results following lymphatic microsurgery
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Tokumoto Hideki , Ogata Hideyuki , Kosaka Kentaro , Kubota Yoshitaka , Kuriyama Motone , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe physical activity (PA) of patients may change after microsurgical treatment for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). We investigated whether PA changes perioperatively and whether it influences the treatment result.Patients and MethodsSixty patients with unilateral LEL (56 secondary and 4 primary) underwent lymphatic microsurgeries. Patients were divided into two groups based on improvement in International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ‐SF) categories; the outcomes were compared.ResultsFifty‐three patients in whom linear pattern could be partially observed in indocyanine green lymphography or lymphoscintigraphy underwent lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA); seven patients in whom no linear pattern was observed underwent simultaneous LVA and vascularized lymph node transfer. No surgical complication was observed. The median IPAQ‐SF score significantly improved from 990 (interquartile range: 231–2,376) to 1,386 (interquartile range: 940.5–4,158; p < .0001). The IPAQ‐SF category improved in 22 patients (33.7%), who were categorized into the IPAQ‐improved group. Improvement in excess limb volume was significantly larger in the IPAQ‐improved group than that in the unimproved group (8.0 ± 4.2 vs. 3.5 ± 2.4%; p < .0001).ConclusionThe PA of patients may change after surgical treatment for unilateral LEL. Perioperative improvement in PA significantly correlated with the perioperative change in the excess limb volume. The change in PA is an important factor that might affect the outcome of surgical treatment for LEL. In evaluating the results of microsurgery for lymphedema, it may be necessary to consider changes in PA to avoid bias.