bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sleep onset time and cardiometabolic biomarkers in Chinese communities: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Liqun , Li Jiangping , Du Yong , Sun Ting , Na Li , Wang Zhizhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Late sleep onset time (SOT) is a common social phenomenon in modern society, and it was associated with a higher risk of obesity. However, the literature gap exists about the SOT and cardiometabolic biomarkers which closely associated with obesity. The present study aimed to explore the association of SOT with cardiometabolic biomarkers in Chinese communities.

Methods
A cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 2418 participants was conducted in Ningxia province of China. The cardiometabolic biomarkers included triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting plasma glucose were measured quantitatively using the standard method. The SOT and sleep duration were acquired by a self-report questionnaire. The multiple mixed-effect linear regression model was employed to examine the association.

Results
Binary analysis found an inverse association of SOT with high-density lipoprotein (β = − 0.05, 95%CI: − 0.06, − 0.03), with 1 h delayed in SOT the high-density lipoprotein decreased 0.05 mmol/L. After controlling for demographic variables, health-related behaviors, and physical health covariates, late SOT was associated with a higher level of triglyceride (β = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.18), a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.09), and a lower level of high-density lipoprotein (β = − 0.05, 95% CI: − 0.06, − 0.03). when stratified by sleep duration (less than eight hours vs. eight and longer hours), a positive association between SOT and LDL (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.12) was found among participants with sleep duration eight hours and longer.

Conclusion
Late sleep onset time with the negative effect on the cardiometabolic biomarkers, and individuals with late SOT coupled with longer sleep duration may take risk of a higher level of low-density lipoprotein which in turn lead to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
30+ years of media analysis of relevance to chronic disease: a scoping review
Authors: Rowbotham Samantha , Astell-Burt Thomas , Barakat Tala , Hawe Penelope 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic, non-communicable diseases are a significant public health priority, requiring action at individual, community and population levels, and public and political will for such action. Exposure to media, including news, entertainment, and advertising media, is likely to influence both individual behaviours, and attitudes towards preventive actions at the population level. In recent years there has been a proliferation of research exploring how chronic diseases and their risk factors are portrayed across various forms of media. This scoping review aims to map the literature in this area to identify key themes, gaps, and opportunities for future research in this area.MethodsWe searched three databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Global Health) in July 2016 and identified 499 original research articles meeting inclusion criteria: original research article, published in English, focusing on media representations of chronic disease (including how issues are framed in media, impact or effect of media representations, and factors that influence media representations). We extracted key data from included articles and examined the health topics, media channels and methods of included studies, and synthesised key themes across studies.ResultsOur findings show that research on media portrayals of chronic disease increased substantially between 1985 and 2016. Smoking and nutrition were the most frequent health topics, and television and print were the most common forms of media examined, although, as expected, research on online and social media channels has increased in recent years. The majority of studies focused on the amount and type of media coverage, including how issues are framed, typically using content analysis approaches. In comparison, there was much less research on the influences on and consequences of media coverage related to chronic disease, suggesting an important direction for future work.ConclusionsThe results highlight key themes across media research of relevance to chronic disease. More in-depth syntheses of studies within the identified themes will allow us to draw out the key patterns and learnings across the literature.
Complete regression of pulmonary squamous carcinoma in IPF following gemcitabine plus cisplatin: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Weirong , Li Hui , Tian Zhigang , Wang Shaojin , Zheng Xiwei , Hou Jia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is one of the most common co-morbid conditions in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and negatively affects the prognosis of IPF; Current guidelines for the management of IPF do not give a clear statement on how to manage these patients, and traditional chemotherapy for lung cancer had a limited efficiency rate. Here, we present a rare case of primary lung squamous carcinoma in a patient with IPF whose tumor completely regressed following gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy; the cancer was no longer detectable after 2 years upon follow-up.

Case presentation
Sixty-seven year-old male patient with IPF was admitted to hospital due to acute onset hemoptysis. In addition to a definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, a chest CT scan showed a non-enhancing nodular opacity in the right upper lobe and an enhancing nodule in the right lower lobe. Bronchoscopic biopsy of the nodule in the right lower lobe revealed squamous lung cancer. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, the tumor in the right lower lobe was no longer detectable after 2 years of follow-up; however, the nodule in the right upper lobe had increased significantly. Finally, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was cultured from the bronchoalveolar (BAL) sample submitted at the last evaluation, and the patient was confirmed to have active pulmonary TB.

Conclusion
We report the first documented case of complete pulmonary squamous carcinoma regression in IPF following gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Traditional chemotherapy is considered inadequate to cause the resulting regression of the tumor. The concomitant active pulmonary tuberculosis possibly underlies the mechanism.
Trends in life expectancy: did the gap between the healthy and the ill widen or close?
Authors: Meyer Anna C. , Drefahl Sven , Ahlbom Anders , Lambe Mats , Modig Karin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
During the past decades, life expectancy has continued to increase in most high-income countries. Previous research suggests that improvements in life expectancy have primarily been driven by advances at the upper end of the health distribution, while parts of the population have lagged behind. Using data from the entire Swedish population, this study aims to examine the life expectancy development among subgroups of individuals with a history of common diseases relative to that of the general population.

Methods
The remaining life expectancy at age 65 was estimated for each year in 1998–2017 among individuals with a history of disease, and for the total Swedish population. We defined population subgroups as individuals with a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, hip fracture, or colon, breast, or lung cancer. We further distinguished between different educational levels and Charlson comorbidity index scores.

Results
Life expectancy gains have been larger for men and women with a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and colon or breast cancer than for the general population. The life expectancy gap between individuals with a history of hip fracture or lung cancer and the general population has, however, been growing. Education and comorbidity have affected mortality levels, but have not altered the rate of increase in life expectancy among individuals with disease history. The female advantage in life expectancy was less pronounced among individuals with disease history than among the general population.

Conclusions
Life expectancy has increased faster in many subpopulations with a history of disease than in the general population, while still remaining at lower levels. Improvements in life expectancy have been observed regardless of comorbidity or educational level. These findings suggest that the rise in overall life expectancy reflects more than just improved survival among the healthy or the delayed onset of disease.
Topical treatment with SPHINGOLIPIDS and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS for canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Marsella Rosanna , Segarra Sergi , Ahrens Kim , Alonso Cristina , Ferrer Lluís 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Skin barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD). This impairment is related to altered composition and metabolism of epidermal sphingolipids and a deficiency of ceramides. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and especially hyaluronic acid, could be useful in the management of AD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel topical treatment consisting of sphingolipids and GAGs extracts in dogs with AD. This formulation is different from previously tested products because the sphingolipid extract contained high amounts of sphingomyelin, a precursor of ceramides, and this has been shown to enhance endogenous synthesis of ceramides and to increase lamellar-related structures in vitro. Thus, it was hypothesized that this formulation could improve clinical disease and skin barrier function in patients with AD.

Results
Twelve house dust mite (HDM) allergic atopic beagle dogs were randomized into two groups: control (n = 6; no treatment) or treatment (n = 6; topical sphingolipids and GAGs twice weekly for 8 weeks). Dogs were challenged with allergen twice weekly and the severity of dermatitis was scored using the canine atopic dermatitis and extent severity index (CADESI-03) once weekly. Skin barrier function (measurement of transepidermal water loss) and severity of pruritus (both pruritus visual analog scale [PVAS] and pruritus timed episodes) were assessed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Assessments were done by personnel unaware of group allocation. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry and stratum corneum (SC) lipidomics analyses were done at baseline and at week 8.
Compared to baseline, significant increases in CADESI (P = 0.0003) and PVAS (P = 0.041) were observed only in the control group, and SC polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly only with treatment (P = 0.039). Compared to control, treatment group had a significantly lower CADESI after 1 week (P = 0.0078) and a significantly lower PVAS after 8 weeks (P = 0.0448). Treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusions
In this study in dogs with AD, a new topical formulation containing sphingomyelin-rich sphingolipids plus GAGs extracts attenuated the clinical worsening induced by HDM, supporting its use in atopic patients, either as an adjunctive treatment or used as monotherapy in certain cases.
Management of otitis externa with an led-illuminated gel: a randomized controlled clinical trial in dogs
Authors: Tambella Adolfo Maria , Attili Anna Rita , Beribè Francesca , Galosi Margherita , Marchegiani Andrea , Cerquetella Matteo , Palumbo Piccionello Angela , Vullo Cecilia , Spaterna Andrea , Fruganti Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Canine otitis externa is a painful condition which can be challenging to treat due to difficulties in the administration of otic medication. This can be due to lack of owner compliance in the application of ear drops or due to the resentment that some dogs demonstrate when attempts are made to administer topical medication into a sensitive ear canal. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a topical LED-illuminated gel (LIG) in canine otitis externa in comparison to standard of care therapy. Dogs with spontaneous otitis externa were randomly allocated in three groups: groups QW received LIG once weekly; BW received LIG twice weekly; group C received enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine twice daily. LIG consists of a topical application of a gel containing chromophores that, when illuminated by a LED lamp, re-emit fluorescent light which can stimulate physiological responses, promoting healing and controlling bacteria. The evaluation protocol (T0 to T5) considered clinical assessment (OTIS-3-index-scoring-system; pruritus-severity-scale; pain-severity-score; aural temperature), cytological scoring system, quali-quantitative bacteriologic assessment.

Results
All groups (QW, n = 21; BW, n = 23; C, n = 20) showed improvement during the study (QW: P < 0.02 for cytological and pain scores, P < 0.003 for bacteriologic assessment, P < 10− 4 for pruritus, total OTIS-3 and temperature assessments; BW: P < 10− 4 for all clinical, cytological and bacteriologic assessments; C: P < 0.02 for all clinical and cytological assessments, P < 10− 4 for bacteriologic assessment). The highest clinical score reduction occurred in Group BW (P < 0.014 in T3; P < 0.001 in T4 and P < 10− 4 in T5). BW reached the clinically relevant effect level at T3 (− 3.26 ± 1.21 levels), QW reached it at T4 (− 3.24 ± 0.99), C did not reach it. No differences between groups were seen in the reduction of CFU/mL (T0-T5).

Conclusions
All treatment groups showed a positive clinical effect. LIG administered twice-a-week was the most favourable protocol of the study. LIG may be considered beneficial in the management of canine otitis externa; it seems to be effective in controlling the clinical condition, including the signs of inflammation and local pain, the bacterial growth, and it may help increasing treatment compliance.
Sputum and blood transcriptomics characterisation of the inhaled PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 on top of triple therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis
Authors: Govoni Mirco , Bassi Michele , Vezzoli Stefano , Lucci Germano , Emirova Aida , Nandeuil Marie Anna , Petruzzelli Stefano , Jellema Gera L. , Afolabi Ebenezer K. , Colgan Brendan , Leaker Brian , Kornmann Oliver , Beeh Kai Michael , Watz Henrik , Singh Dave 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Although phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been shown to reduce COPD exacerbation rate, their biological mechanism of action is not completely elucidated at the molecular level. We aimed to characterise the whole genome gene expression profile of the inhaled PDE4-inhibitor CHF6001 on top of triple therapy in sputum cells and whole blood of patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis.

Methods
Whole genome gene expression analysis was carried out by microarray in 54 patients before and after 32 days treatment with CHF6001 800 and 1600 μg and placebo twice daily (BID) in a randomised crossover study.

Results
CHF6001 had a strong effect in sputum, with 1471 and 2598 significantly differentially-expressed probe-sets relative to placebo (p-adjusted for False Discovery Rate < 0.05) with 800 and 1600 μg BID, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed significant modulation of key inflammatory pathways involved in cytokine activity, pathogen-associated-pattern-recognition activity, oxidative stress and vitamin D with associated inhibition of downstream inflammatory effectors. A large number of pro-inflammatory genes coding for cytokines and matrix-metalloproteinases were significantly differentially expressed for both doses; the majority (> 87%) were downregulated, including macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha and 1-beta, interleukin-27-beta, interleukin-12-beta, interleukin-32, tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced-protein-8, ligand-superfamily-member-15, and matrix-metalloproteinases-7,12 and 14. The effect in blood was not significant.

Conclusions
Inhaled PDE4 inhibition by CHF6001 on top of triple therapy in patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis significantly modulated key inflammatory targets and pathways in the lung but not in blood. Mechanistically these findings support a targeted effect in the lung while minimising unwanted systemic class-effects.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov, EudraCT, 2015–005550-35. Registered 15 July 2016.
Synthesis of acridone derivatives via heterologous expression of a plant type III polyketide synthase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Choi Gyu-Sik , Choo Hye Jeong , Kim Bong-Gyu , Ahn Joong-Hoon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Acridone alkaloids are heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a broad-range of pharmaceutical and chemotherapeutic activities, including anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antimicrobial effects. Certain plant species such as Citrus microcarpa, Ruta graveolens, and Toddaliopsis bremekampii synthesize acridone alkaloids from anthranilate and malonyl-CoA.

Results
We synthesized two acridones in Escherichia coli. Acridone synthase (ACS) and anthraniloyl-CoA ligase genes were transformed into E. coli, and the synthesis of acridone was examined. To increase the levels of endogenous anthranilate, we tested several constructs expressing proteins involved in the shikimate pathway and selected the best construct. To boost the supply of malonyl-CoA, genes coding for acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) from Photorhabdus luminescens were overexpressed in E. coli. For the synthesis of 1,3-dihydroxy-10-methylacridone, we utilized an N-methyltransferase gene (NMT) to supply N-methylanthranilate and a new N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA ligase. After selecting the best combination of genes, approximately 17.3 mg/L of 1,3-dihydroxy-9(10H)-acridone (DHA) and 26.0 mg/L of 1,3-dihydroxy-10-methylacridone (NMA) were synthesized.

Conclusions
Two bioactive acridone derivatives were synthesized by expressing type III plant polyketide synthases and other genes in E. coli, which increased the supplement of substrates. This study showed that is possible to synthesize diverse polyketides in E. coli using plant polyketide synthases.
Mobile health clinics in the United States
Authors: Malone Nelson C. , Williams Mollie M. , Smith Fawzi Mary C. , Bennet Jennifer , Hill Caterina , Katz Jeffrey N. , Oriol Nancy E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Mobile health clinics serve an important role in the health care system, providing care to some of the most vulnerable populations. Mobile Health Map is the only comprehensive database of mobile clinics in the United States. Members of this collaborative research network and learning community supply information about their location, services, target populations, and costs. They also have access to tools to measure, improve, and communicate their impact.

Methods
We analyzed data from 811 clinics that participated in Mobile Health Map between 2007 and 2017 to describe the demographics of the clients these clinics serve, the services they provide, and mobile clinics’ affiliated institutions and funding sources.

Results
Mobile clinics provide a median number of 3491 visits annually. More than half of their clients are women (55%) and racial/ethnic minorities (59%). Of the 146 clinics that reported insurance data, 41% of clients were uninsured while 44% had some form of public insurance. The most common service models were primary care (41%) and prevention (47%). With regards to organizational affiliations, they vary from independent (33%) to university affiliated (24%), while some (29%) are part of a hospital or health care system. Most mobile clinics receive some financial support from philanthropy (52%), while slightly less than half (45%) receive federal funds.

Conclusion
Mobile health care delivery is an innovative model of health services delivery that provides a wide variety of services to vulnerable populations. The clinics vary in service mix, patient demographics, and relationships with the fixed health system. Although access to care has increased in recent years through the Affordable Care Act, barriers continue to persist, particularly among populations living in resource-limited areas. Mobile clinics can improve access by serving as a vital link between the community and clinical facilities. Additional work is needed to advance availability of this important resource.
Can traditional bonesetters become trained technicians? Feasibility study among a cohort of Nigerian traditional bonesetters
Authors: Onyemaechi Ndubuisi Onu , Itanyi Ijeoma Uchenna , Ossai Paulinus Okechukwu , Ezeanolue Echezona Edozie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraditional bonesetters (TBS) provide the majority of primary fracture care in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). They are widely patronized and their services are commonly associated with complications. The aim of the study was to establish the feasibility of formal training of TBS and subsequent integration into the healthcare system.MethodsTwo focus group discussions were conducted involving five TBS and eight orthopaedic surgeons in Enugu Nigeria. Audio-recordings made during the focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis method.ResultsFour themes were identified: Training of TBS, their experiences and challenges; perception of traditional bonesetting by orthopaedic surgeons; need for formal training TBS and willingness to offer and accept formal training to improve TBS practice. Participants (TBS group) acquired their skills through informal training by apprenticeship from relatives and family members. They recognized the need to formalize their training and were willing to accept training support from orthopaedists. The orthopaedists recognized that the TBS play a vital role in filling the gap created by shortage of orthopaedic surgeons and are willing to provide training support to them.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of providing formal training to TBS by orthopaedic surgeons to improve the quality of services and outcomes of TBS treatment. This is critical for integration of TBS into the primary healthcare system as orthopaedic technicians. Undoubtedly, this will transform the trauma system in Nigeria and other LMICs where TBS are widely patronized.