bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole‐carbazole based D‐π‐A‐π‐D p‐type conjugated material
Authors: Kadam Vinay S. , Bhatt Prachi A. , Machhi Hiren K. , Soni Saurabh S. , Zade Sanjio S. , Patel Arun L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new π‐conjugated macromolecule (M1) having fused pentacyclic N‐bridged dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole core unit with carbazole capping linked by vinyl spacers at both ends was synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) and high resolution mass‐spectrometry techniques. Photophysical properties of compound M1 was studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy. Compound M1 showed optical HOMO‐LUMO gap of 2.2 eV. Compound M1 showed a solvatochromic effect in fluorescence spectroscopy. DFT calculation showed that M1 possesses nearly planar geometry. The space charge limited current hole mobility of M1 was found to be 3.85 × 10−4 cm2V−1S−1.
Multiple magnetic resonance imaging in patients with implanted sacral nerve stimulator
Authors: Heidler Stefan , Ostermann Stefan , Kuglitsch Miriam , Sekic Fahrudin , Wimpissinger Florian , Lusuardi Lukas , Dietersdorfer Franz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess possible impacts of multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on the function of InterStim™ sacral neurostimulator systems (SNS; Medtronic Inc.) devices and on patient's safety.MethodsOver the course of 17 years, a total of 16 patients required 72 MRI examinations in various parts of the body. Each time an MRI was performed, the implanting urologist evaluated the SNS device function and deactivated the implant before the scan. Patients were monitored continuously during and after the procedure. After the MRI session, the site of the implanted device was examined, and the SNS device was reactivated.ResultsNone of the patients experienced pain or discomfort during or after the MRI scan. Impedances and stimulation amplitudes were recorded before and after MRI and showed no statistically significant changes regarding implant function. Micturition‐time charts after MRI procedures were compared with previous records and showed no deviations either. No negative consequences of multiple MRIs have been observed.ConclusionThis is the first report of patients successfully undergoing multiple MRI scans despite a previously implanted SNS. Sixteen patients underwent more than one MRI scan, with no negative effect on the functional outcome of SNS or negative side effects for the patients.
A novel accurate and computationally efficient integration approach to viscoplastic constitutive model
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Patel Badri Prasad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel, accurate, and computationally efficient integration approach is developed to integrate small strain viscoplastic constitutive equations involving nonlinear coupled first‐order ordinary differential equations. The developed integration scheme is achieved by a combination of the implicit backward Euler difference approximation and the implicit asymptotic integration. For the uniaxial loading case, the developed integration scheme produces accurate results irrespective of time steps. For the multiaxial loading case, the accuracy and computational efficiency of the developed integration scheme are better than those of either the implicit backward Euler difference approximation or the implicit asymptotic integration. The simplicity of the developed integration scheme is equivalent to that of the implicit backward Euler difference approximation since it also reduces the solution of integrated constitutive equations to the solution of a single nonlinear equation. The algorithm tangent constitutive matrix derived for the developed integration scheme is consistent with the integration algorithm and preserves the quadratic convergence of the Newton–Raphson method for global iterations.
Variation in the Socioeconomic Gradient of Obesity by Ethnicity – England’s National Child Measurement Programme
Authors: Strugnell Claudia , Mathrani Shireen , Sollars Loretta , Swinburn Boyd , Copley Vicky 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence and risk of overweight/obesity among expanded ethnicity categories within boys and girls in England and the differential influence of socioeconomic position using the 2015/2016 and the 2016/2017 cycles of the National Child Measurement Programme.MethodsThis cross‐sectional and descriptive study examined surveillance data of weight status among primary school children in England. Data were pooled across data collection years, representing 1.25 million children in Reception (aged 4‐5 years) and 1.1 million children in Year 6 (aged 10‐11 years). Ethnicity was classified according to National Health Service definitions, and child residence was used to calculate quintiles of Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index. Measured weight status was classified using the International Obesity Task Force’s definition. Logistic regression models were run for each sex and year group.ResultsWithin each sex, ethnicity‐ and socioeconomic‐specific differentials in overweight/obesity prevalence were evident. For example, among the five most populous ethnic groups in the most deprived quintile, 26.8% of White British girls in Reception had overweight/obesity compared with 20.7% of girls with Pakistani, 31.2% with Black African, 17.1% with Indian, and 22.2% with any Any Other White (e.g., White European) background.ConclusionsEthnicity had an independent influence on overweight/obesity risk after adjustment for socioeconomic position.
Dynamic mechanical properties of architectural coated fabrics under different temperature and excitation frequency
Authors: Yingying Zhang , Meng Wu , Junhao Xu , Lanlan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Wei Ding 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dynamic thermo‐mechanical analysis test is performed on the architectural coating fabric based on the dynamic thermo‐mechanical analyzer (DMA). The effects of excitation frequency, constant temperature, and dynamic temperature on the dynamic mechanical properties of architectural membrane materials are discussed. Through analysis and discussion, the various rules of damping loss factor, loss modulus, and storage modulus of architectural membrane materials in the application temperature and frequency range are obtained. As the frequency of the external excitation force increases, the storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor all increase, while the influence of temperature is non‐linear. Under the action of dynamic temperature and constant temperature, the difference between storage modulus and loss modulus is obvious, but the difference of loss factor is small. Due to the anisotropy of the polyester fiber substrate, the damping characteristics of the membrane material in the warp and weft yarns are different regardless of the effect of external excitation frequency or temperature. The discussion in this article provides a theoretical basis for further research on the damping characteristics of membrane materials and the vibration response of membrane structures.
A survey on criteria for intubation in moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress
Authors: Feng Susan Y. S. , Rao Shripada , Patole Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajority of preterm infants do well with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the sole respiratory management; but some require endotracheal intubation and surfactant administration. While intubation is needed predominantly in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks); some of the more mature preterm infants also require it. Currently, there are no clear guidelines regarding indications for endotracheal intubation in such infants.AimsTo understand the current practice regarding “criteria for intubation” in moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress.MethodsA survey of neonatologists in Australia New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) was conducted between April and June 2019.ResultsAt least one neonatologist each from 29 of the 30 tertiary ANZNN Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) responded to the survey. In total, 118/200 (59%) neonatologists responded. The most common criteria for intubation were CPAP = 8 cmH2O (61%), pH < 7.2 (55%), pCO2 > 70 mmHg (48%), FiO2 > 40% (40%), chest retractions (48%), more than two episodes of apnea requiring intervention (54%), and chest X‐ray (CXR) showing moderate–severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD, 49%).ConclusionWhile there were variations in practice, nearly 50% of the neonatologists shared a common threshold with regards to the CPAP level, FiO2, blood gas parameters, and clinical and radiological findings. The results of this survey will help in designing future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this subject.
Reliable and generic liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry quantification of short peptides using a stable‐isotope‐labeled labeling agent
Authors: Kleinnijenhuis Anne J. , Vergauwen Bjorn , van Holthoon Frédérique L. , Hekman Maarten 
Published: September 2020

RationaleIt is important to investigate the behavior of protein hydrolysate components in both in vitro and in vivo studies, to support the elucidation of their biological functions. As protein hydrolysates and biological matrices are highly complex mixtures, it is essential to apply fully reliable and flexible analytical approaches.MethodsA novel and generic Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry methodology was developed to analyze short peptides. A stable‐isotope‐labeled labeling agent 6‐aminoquinolyl‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (13C3) was synthesized and used to prepare internal standards from non‐labeled analyte peptides. The amino acid and peptides p, pG, Pp, GPp and PpG (where p stands for hydroxyproline) were used for proof of principle.ResultsThe method showed acceptable performance in solvent, in simulated gastrointestinal fluid and in serum. The (linear) dynamic range expanded to over four orders of magnitude, which is very useful when multiple analytes are analyzed in a biological matrix, due to the large differences in concentrations observed for endogenous and protein hydrolysate components. The method provides absolute‐quantitative results and is fully accountable on the single‐sample and single‐component level.ConclusionsThe methodology can be applied to reliably quantify protein hydrolysate nutraceutical components at various stages during their in vivo processing. Internal standards can also be synthesized for other short peptides whenever they are expected to have biological relevance and require quantification. Overall this provides an excellent analytical tool to support the elucidation of the biological functions of protein hydrolysate components.
Profiling fragments for carotenoid esters in Penaeus monodon by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Shuang , Fang Keyi , Chen Shubing , Xu Jilin , Chen Juanjuan , Chen Haimin 
Published: September 2020

RationaleThe precise identification of carotenoid esters of Penaeus monodon, especially those in the carotenoid skeleton, needs to occur during mass spectrometry analysis. Detailed structural information about carotenoid esters is significant not only for the assessment of nutritional quality, but also for tracing biosynthetic precursors.MethodsThe profiling of carotenoid esters in P. monodon was elucidated using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS). The raw LC/MS data were analyzed using Exact Finder™ software.ResultsThe structurally relevant ions, *l and *m, were considered markers of the astaxanthin monoester. Moreover, the carotenoid skeleton was unequivocally identified using the diagnostic ions *i, *j/*j’ and *g/*g’ generated by the carbon–carbon bond cleavage between β‐ionone ketones and conjugated polyene moieties. In total, 24 carotenoid esters were identified in P. monodon based on the fragmentation patterns discussed above. The identified carotenoid skeleton includes astaxanthin, astacene, oxidized astaxanthin and adonixanthin, which have been described for the first time.ConclusionsCharacterization of the unknown carotenoid esters demonstrates the capabilities of this methodology, which is significant for enriching the carotenoid species in P. monodon.
HMM‐based H∞ filtering for Markov jump systems with partial information and sensor nonlinearities
Authors: Li Feng , Zheng Wei Xing , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis work examines the H∞ filtering issue for Markov jump systems in the circumstances of partial information on Markov chain and randomly occurring sensor nonlinearities. The partial information considered in this work includes partial information on the Markov state, on transition probabilities and on detection probabilities. A hidden Markov model with partially known transition probabilities and detection probabilities is introduced to describe the above partial information phenomenon. The randomly occurring sensor nonlinearities considered in this work depend on the system operating mode. Based on the Lyapunov methodology and the introduced hidden Markov model, some effective H∞ performance analysis criteria are derived for the filtering error system under the circumstances of partial information and sensor nonlinearities. In addition, the design procedure of the desired hidden Markov model‐based filter is established, and finally two examples are used to verify the theoretical results.
The Cognitive Element Model of Reading Instruction
Authors: Peng Peng , Goodrich J. Marc 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe science of reading emphasizes explicit skills‐based reading instruction to support students’ reading acquisition. Yet, despite ample evidence of support, some students do not respond to such instruction adequately. To characterize why some students are not responsive to evidence‐based reading instruction and to inform the development of novel instructional approaches for improving responsiveness, cross‐disciplinary perspectives on cognitive and academic development are important. Based on the cognitive–academic bidirectional theory, on cognitive training transfer theory, and on various working memory–reading models, the authors propose a cognitive element model of reading instruction that provides a novel framework for considering how to embed supports for cognitive processes within evidence‐based reading instruction. Specifically, the element model emphasizes building reading fluency and comprehension/knowledge with explicit instruction. Working memory should not be considered a domain‐general construct in working memory training that aims to produce far‐transfer effects on reading outcomes. Instead of looking for far‐transfer effects, we should make outcomes (i.e., reading) near‐transfer tasks such that working memory training should be domain (material) specific, task paradigm specific, and strategy specific and assimilated within existing skill‐based reading activities. The authors review intervention studies with rigorous methodology and show promising effects of this framework. With the element model, the authors provide a foundation for considering how one can use extant knowledge of evidence‐based reading instruction together with knowledge of related skills in other domains (e.g., cognitive psychology) to maximize the efficacy of reading instruction for all students.
Interconnected Infrastructure for Improving Reading Instruction
Authors: Woulfin Sarah , Gabriel Rachael E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing on the literature on infrastructure for implementing instructional improvement, the authors explain the role of three infrastructural pillars for reading instruction. They discuss how curriculum, professional development, and leadership are mutually supportive, thus illuminating the pillars for reading reform at the classroom, school, and system levels. The authors argue that it is crucial to attend to the alignment among the pillars (e.g., professional development on curriculum, leadership linked to coaching), as well as their feasibility and transparency.
Conceptual design of externally posttensioned curved structures for live loads
Authors: Cañada Pérez‐Sala Javier , Todisco Leonardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBending moments due to permanent loads can be strongly reduced in a generally shaped structure by introducing a set of additional forces through an external posttensioning system. The response of these structures under live loads has not been studied yet; therefore, this work investigates the behavior of these structural systems under load distributions that differ from the permanent ones. First, a definition of a moment‐based efficiency is proposed. Next, a parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate the performance of these structural systems by varying the two main design variables and other relevant parameters (strut connection and orientation, discretization, efficiency definition, etc.). Finally, the methodology is applied to a case of study where several posttensioned alternatives are compared to the standard one (i.e., without posttensioning) to prove the benefits of adopting external posttensioning in terms of material‐saving.
Influence of mixing approaches on strength and durability properties of treated recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Sarath Babu Velaga , Arunachalam Srinivasan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecycled aggregate (RA) acknowledge with its inferior quality due to high water absorption and lower strength which is mainly due to presence of attached adherent mortar. Concrete made with RA have lower strength and durability properties when compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC), recorded by many previous researches in past. In order to overcome these difficulties, two‐stage mixing approach (TSMA) is a good tool to improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete when compared with normal mixing approach (NMA). The main objective of present research work is to study the influence of mixing approaches on concrete made with treated recycled aggregate (TRA). Basically the workability, mechanical and durability properties of concrete have been studied at fresh and hardened state. In this work, four different types of mixing approaches (viz. NMA, TSMA, TSMA1, and TSMA2) were used. In all types of mixing approaches, the natural aggregate was replaced with TRA at different replacement levels viz.: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% in a control mix of M40 grade. Based on the experimental results the workability, strength, and durability properties of concrete made with TRA were improved in TSMA2 when compared with all other mixing approaches.
Linnaeus's folly – phylogeny, evolution and classification of Sedum (Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae
Authors: Messerschmid Thibaud F.E. , Klein Johannes T. , Kadereit Gudrun , Kadereit Joachim W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSedum, containing approximately 470 species, is by far the largest genus of Crassulaceae. Three decades of molecular phylogenetic work have provided evidence for the non‐monophyly of Sedum and many more of the 30 genera of Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae. In this study, we present a broadly sampled and dated molecular phylogeny of Sempervivoideae including 80% of all infrageneric taxa described in Sedum as well as most other genera of the subfamily. We used sequences of one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid markers (matK, rps16, trnL‐trnF). The five major lineages of Sempervivoideae (i.e., Telephium clade, Petrosedum clade, Sempervivum/Jovibarba, Aeonium clade, Leucosedum plus Acre clades) were resolved as successive sister to each other in the phylogenetic analysis of the plastid markers, while in the ITS phylogeny the Petrosedum clade is the closest relative of the Aeonium clade. Our dating analysis of ITS suggests that Sempervivoideae diversified rapidly throughout the Paleocene and Eocene, possibly in the area of the former Tethys and Paratethys archipelago. A biogeographic pattern emerges in which migration out of this ancestral area is linked to pronounced morphological evolution resulting in several distinct lineages recognized as segregate genera thought to be derived from Sedum. These segregate genera, however, have been defined on the basis of strongly homoplasious characters such as degree of petal fusion, petal colouration or flower merism. Moreover, all character states currently used for the delimitation of segregate genera seem to be homoplasious, and each of them can be found in at least one species of Sedum. Extensive literature work led to the conclusion that only few of the monophyletic clades found by us can be defined unambiguously by morphological characters. Mainly for these two reasons, we believe that combination of all 14 genera currently recognized in tribe Sedeae (= clades Leucosedum plus Acre) into Sedum might be the most stable solution of the “Sedum problem”. This new Sedum s.l. would then comprise approximately 755 species.
Genetic variations in S gene of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus from 2018 in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Fei , Zeng Yubing , Zhang Rubo , Peng Kenan , Jiang Chaoyuan , Xu Zhiwen , Zhu Ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) belongs to the family Coronavirus, a genus of coronavirus, a highly contact‐infectious intestinal disease pathogen. In this study, we downloaded 62 PEDV S gene sequences uploaded to GenBank, including 10 uploaded by our laboratory from 2018, and constructed a PEDV S gene evolution tree using MEGA V7.0 software. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the genogroup of PEDV in Sichuan Province was divided into three coexisting genogroups (GII‐a, GII‐b and GI‐a), of them, GII‐a has become the main genogroup in the province due to its prevalence and range of spread. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were amino acid insertions and deletions in the S protein encoded by the amplified S gene, and there were amino acid mutations in the COE and SS6 of the epitope in the amplified S protein. These results provide a basic research theory for understanding the prevalence of PEDV variation and controlling PED in Sichuan.
Perception of Vibratory Direction on the Back
Authors: Kappers Astrid M. L. , Bay Jill , Plaisier Myrthe A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the accuracy and precision by which vibrotactile directions on the back can be perceived. All direction stimuli consisted of two successive vibrations, the first one always on a centre point on the spine, the second in one of 12 directions equally distributed over a circle. Twelve participants were presented with 144 vibrotactile directions. They were required to match the perceived direction with an arrow they could see and feel on a frontoparallel plane. The results show a clear oblique effect: performance in terms of both precision and accuracy was better with the cardinal directions than with the oblique ones. The results partly reproduce an anisotropy in perceived vertical and horizontal distances observed in other studies.