bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency in patients with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Muñiz Keila S. , Pilkinton Marjorie , Winkler Harvey A. , Shalom Dara F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) in women with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsRetrospective analysis of women with stage IV prolapse who underwent multichannel urodynamic testing. Abdominal leak point pressures (ALPP) and maximum urethral closure pressures (MUCP) were recorded. ISD was defined as ALPP ≤60 cm of water and/or MUCP ≤20 cm of water. Percentages were used to present the proportion of subjects diagnosed with SUI and ISD.ResultsA total of 145 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 69 years; most patients were Caucasian (56%). Eighty‐two (56%) patients were found to have SUI on urodynamic testing. Thirty‐six (44%) of these were asymptomatic and identified as having occult SUI. Sixteen (19.5%) patients were diagnosed with ISD using ALPP and/or MUCP. Six (37%) of the ISD patients had at least one MUCP value ≤20 cm of water and 12 (75%) had observed leakage with at least one ALPP value ≤60 cm of water. The number of patients with leakage at ALPP ≤60 cm of water increased with increasing bladder volumes. Five ISD patients (31%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 200 mL, six (37.5%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 300 mL and seven (43.8%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 400 mL.ConclusionGreater than 50% of patients with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse had SUI on urodynamic testing, and 20% were found to have ISD. Of the patients diagnosed with SUI, 40% were asymptomatic. These findings may assist in counseling and preoperative planning for women with stage IV prolapse.
Investigation of monensin Type A medicated article dissolution profiles in biorelevant media
Authors: Krabel Beverly J. , Foust Laura B. , Fuller Gary B. , Foss Andrew J. , Garner Luke H. , Hunter Robert P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the United States, a generic Type A medicated article (premix) product can gain government approval by demonstrating in vivo bioequivalence (BE) to the pioneer product in a blood level, pharmacodynamic, or clinical BE study. A biowaiver can be granted based on several criteria including solubility or a dose adjusted method. Monensin is practically insoluble in H2O per the USP definition. A comparison was conducted of monensin dissolution profiles from the pioneer product and four generic products using biorelevant media. Dissolution profiles were obtained in both Bovine Simulated Rumen Fluids – High Forage and High Grain diets. Data from twelve vessels (6 vessels per dissolution run × 2) were collected across 8 hrs for each lot and media. Data are reported as % dissolved, based upon the corresponding lot potency (mg/g). With demonstrated acceptable intra‐lot variability, data were analyzed using f1 (difference factor) and f2 (similarity factor) procedures. The generic monensin products did not demonstrate similar in vitro dissolution profiles to the pioneer product in these USP biorelevant media. Differences in physical parameters (particle size, flow characteristics, and physical composition) were observed between the pioneer and generic products, but these differences had no apparent impact on biorelevant dissolution.
Characterization of a method to study urodynamics and bladder nociception in male and female mice
Authors: Srivastava Paulome , Lai Henry H. , Mickle Aaron D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAbdominal electromyogram or visceromotor response (VMR) elicited by bladder distension is a validated as a measure of bladder nociception in mice, however it is not without its limitations. The aim of this study is to address some of these limitations and validate voiding evoked VMR as a measure of bladder nociception mice.MethodsUsing both male and female C57BL/6 mice we assessed the VMR response to cytometry‐ induced voiding before and after instillation of 0.5% acetic acid into the bladder. We then delivered intravesical lidocaine to confirm the VMR response as nociceptive. VMR and correlative cystometric bladder pressures were analyzed.ResultsWe found that the VMR can be evoked by continuous fluid infusion into the bladder of both male and female mice. This response is potentiated after bladder injury and can be attenuated by administration of a local anesthetic, providing strong evidence that this method can be used to evaluate bladder nociception. Further, evaluation of cystometric pressure traces obtained during VMR recording revealed that intercontraction intervals were not altered after bladder injury in either male or female mice. However, we did observe a decrease in peak threshold pressures after bladder injury in female mice, which could be rescued by lidocaine administration.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this technique can measure the VMR and bladder nociception associated with voiding in both female and male mice. Although confounds still exist with the use of anesthesia, further exploration of non‐anesthetized voiding‐evoked VMR is warranted.
Curriculum as a Discursive and Performative Space for Subjectivity and Learning: Understanding Immigrant Adolescents’ Language Use in Classroom Discourse
Authors: QIN KONGJI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between language curriculum and learners’ subjectivity through a poststructuralist perspective. I use performativity theory to highlight the constituting power of language and integrate it with critical race theory to understand the relationships among curriculum, classroom interaction, and subjectivity negotiation of 3 immigrant adolescents in one U.S. secondary multilingual classroom. Drawing on data from a critical ethnography, this classroom discourse study analyzes instructional materials, classroom interactions, and interviews to understand how the teacher‐designed curriculum for one routinized vocabulary activity—namely, the sentence‐starter language practice—constructed subjectivity for students and how the immigrant youths negotiated their racialized, gendered, and schooled subjectivities in relation to the curriculum content. This analysis shows that the sentence starters, designed as scaffolding tools, served an implicit goal of constituting students to become “good learners.” The focal students often appropriated the sentence starters to challenge, subvert, or conform to the prevailing discourses constructed in the curriculum and classroom discourses. This analysis illustrates how curriculum can constitute a discursive and performative space in which students negotiate subjectivity and meaning in relation to power within and beyond classroom discourses. This article concludes with discussions of implications of this poststructuralist theorization of curriculum for research and practice.
Romantic heartbreak: Prevalence, personality traits, and personal stories
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Harake Nicole , Wilkinson Dulce 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcross four studies (N = 4,381, Mage = 39.17 years, 56% female, 67% White, 12% Hispanic/Latinx, 11% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 9% Black/African American) the experience of heartbreak was considered within trait and narrative research paradigms. Participants indicated if they have ever experienced, and were currently experiencing, heartbreak. Personality traits, attachment styles, and narrative accounts of heartbreak were also assessed. Across all studies, 82% of participants indicated experiencing heartbreak and this event was largely unrelated to demographic and personality characteristics whereas 14% of participants reported being in a current state of heartbreak and these individuals were more likely to be single, neurotic, and insecurely attached. Lastly, storying heartbreak as leading to self‐improvement related positively with secure attachment.
Worn out relationship? The role of expectations in judgments of relational boredom
Authors: Harasymchuk Cheryl , Peetz Johanna , Fehr Beverley , Chowdhury Shamarukh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examined the role of growth and security expectations in shaping people's judgments of relational boredom and conflict (for discriminant validity). In Studies 1 and 2, the type of expectation gaps (growth vs. security) in hypothetical relationships (as well as the occurrence of a gap in Study 2) was manipulated, and people's judgments of relational boredom and conflict were assessed; Study 3 assessed these associations in people's own relationships. Across all studies, people were more likely to diagnose boredom in other people's relationships (Studies 1 and 2) and their own relationship (Study 3) if the expectation gap for growth (vs. security) was greater. People reported more conflict in their own relationship if the expectation gap for security (vs. growth) was greater.
Cardiac sympathetic activity during recovery as an indicator of sympathetic activity during task performance
Authors: Czarnek Gabriela , Richter Michael , Strojny Paweł 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe goals of this research were to analyze cardiac sympathetic recovery patterns and evaluate whether sympathetic cardiac responses to a task challenge can be predicted using residual cardiac activity measured directly after the task (that is, during the recovery period). In two studies (total N = 181), we measured cardiac sympathetic activity, quantified as pre‐ejection period and RB interval, during both task performance and the 2‐min recovery period following the task. Additional analyses examined effects on the RZ interval. We found that sympathetic recovery from a task was rather quick: Cardiovascular recovery occurred within the first 30 s of the recovery period. Nevertheless, residual cardiac activity during the recovery period had predictive power for task‐related cardiac activity. This suggests that sympathetic cardiac activity during recovery may serve as a useful indicator of task‐related cardiac sympathetic activity. We discuss the implications of these findings for practical applications and the design of future studies.
Oral immunization induces a novel CXCR6+β7+ intraepithelial lymphocyte subset predominating in the small intestine
Authors: Li Jing B. , Li Jing J. , Li Mingyan , Gao Changxing , Zhang Lingzhi , Li Meihan , Zhu Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntestinal T cells form a central part of the front‐line defence against foreign organisms and need to be situated in the mucosa where infection occurs. It is well accepted that immunization by a mucosal route favours localization of antigen‐specific effector T cells in the mucosal epithelium, while systemic immunization does not. The aim of the study is to determine how homing receptors are specifically involved in retaining effector T cells in the small intestine after oral immunization. We here demonstrate that the chemokine receptor CXCR6, integrins β7 and CD29 contribute differentially to the epithelial retention phenotype of CD8+ T cells in the small intestine of mice. CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of unvaccinated mice are predominantly β7 single positives, and subcutaneous immunization‐induced antigen‐specific CD8+ effector IELs are mainly composed of CXCR6+, CD29+ and CXCR6+CD29+ cells. Strikingly, the majority of oral immunization‐induced antigen‐specific CD8+ effector IELs exhibit a distinct, tissue‐specific CXCR6+β7+ double‐positive phenotype, cytotoxic potential and enhanced intraepithelial localization. Transfer of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells preactivated with certain immuno‐stimuli (such as monophosphoryl lipid A) results in increased accumulation of donor IELs with the CXCR6+β7+ phenotype. As β7 exclusively paired with αE on IELs, our results strongly suggest that CXCR6 may cooperate with the heterodimer αEβ7 to preferentially retain intestinally induced effector IELs in the epithelium. The identification of this novel IEL phenotype has significant implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies to enhance gut immunity.
Effect of thrombectomy on oedema progression and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral profile
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Kemmling Andre , Faizy Tobias , McDonough Rosalie , Van Horn Noel , Bechstein Matthias , Meyer Lukas , Schön Gerhard , Nawabi Jawed , Fiehler Jens , Kniep Helge , Hanning Uta 
Published: November 2020

Background and purposeThe impact of the cerebral collateral circulation on lesion progression and clinical outcome in ischaemic stroke is well established. Moreover, collateral status modifies the effect of endovascular treatment and was therefore used to select patients for therapy in prior trials. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of vessel recanalisation on lesion pathophysiology and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral profile.Materials and methods129 patients who had an ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and a collateral score (CS) of 0–2 were included. Collateral profile was defined using an established 5-point scoring system in CT angiography. Lesion progression was determined using quantitative lesion water uptake measurements on admission and follow-up CT (FCT), and clinical outcome was assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores after 90 days.ResultsOedema formation in FCT was significantly lower in patients with vessel recanalisation compared with patients with persistent vessel occlusion (mean 19.5%, 95% CI: 17% to 22% vs mean 27%, 95% CI: 25% to 29%; p<0.0001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, vessel recanalisation was significantly associated with oedema formation in FCT (ß=−7.31, SD=0.015, p<0.0001), adjusted for CS, age and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Functional outcome was significantly better in patients following successful recanalisation (mRS at day 90: 4.5, IQR: 2–6 vs 5, IQR: 5–6, p<0.001).ConclusionAlthough poor collaterals are known to be associated with poor outcome, endovascular recanalisation was still associated with significant oedema reduction and comparably better outcome in this patient group. Patients with poor collaterals should not generally be excluded from thrombectomy.
Expanding Norm and Lingering Fear: Right to Self-determination Debates in Nepal
Authors: Jnawali Hari Har 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Taking Nepal as a case, this article argues that the meaning of the right to self-determination, in international norms in particular, has expanded from a right to secession to a right to inclusion, but this expansion has not abated the fear of secession on the ground. Nepal understands the ‘right to self-determination’ only as a right to form a new state, and refrains from including this right as a provision in the new Constitution. The three variables – socialisation of the right to self-determination as a norm permitting secession, contrast between formal and informal positions of indigenous leaders, and mainstream bias against the indigenous nationalities – are contributing to state’s reluctance to accommodate this right.
un Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Activities – An Economic Reconstruction Perspective
Authors: De Brabandere Eric 
Published: November 2020

The peace versus justice dilemma often presented as paramount in post-conflict situations is more complex and ignores the factual and legal importance of economic reconstruction. The economic aspect of un post-conflict peacebuilding missions, has however not received much attention over the past years. Yet, the mandates granted to international actors after conflicts have undoubtedly evolved throughout the years. From the imposition of a neutral force between the parties to a conflict, to maintaining peace and stability, the un and other international organizations have taken up various responsibilities in the administration of States and territories.
The focus on economic reconstruction needs to be viewed in the context of a changed strategy towards conflicts, in which the focus is laid on ensuring that the causes of the conflict are eliminated. The 1990s, thus, signaled an important and comprehensive shift in the un’s engagement in post-conflict States, which resulted in the establishment of unprecedented missions which included important economic reconstruction activities, such as the international administration missions in Kosovo and East Timor. In recent years however, there have been no comprehensive peacebuilding missions which included major economic reforms in their mandate. There may be multiple reasons for this, but, as is argued, in essence it is the result of two factors. First, international administrative missions, by their very nature, are more adequate tools to engage in comprehensive post-conflict reconstruction efforts including far-reaching economic reforms. Secondly, international financial institution have gradually been moving away from a strict application of their free market policy, towards paying more attention to pluralist rule of law reforms which in turn will trigger economic development.
Judicial Control of Targeted Sanctions by the European Court of Justice
Authors: Fink Sophie 
Published: November 2020

In the global fight against international terrorism, the Security Council of the United Nations uses targeted sanctions for the prevention of terrorist attacks and the protection of the population. Starting with Resolution 1267 in 1999, an encompassing listing system was established by the Security Council. The listing system bears various problems regarding the human rights of the listed persons, especially since there is no mechanism of judicial review attached to the listing system.
Following the implementation of these consolidated lists in the European Union, they were challenged before the European Courts. This article describes the development of targeted sanctions, focusing on the different sanctions regimes in the fight against international terrorism and their specific problems. It analyses the judicial review of the sanctions regimes by the European Courts, particularly the Kadi-Judgment of 2008. The article then describes the implications of this judgment not only for the relationship between the law of the un and the eu and for the sanctions regime on the international and European level, but also for the overarching question whether liberty and security can be brought into balance with regard to targeted sanctions.
Retour sur un projet de réforme. À propos de „Was war Bielefeld?“
Authors: Hoock Jochen 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Partant d’un ouvrage collectif qui pose un regard critique sur les projets qui ont mené à la fondation de l’Université de Bielefeld à la fin des années soixante, l’article revient sur les conditions d’émergence de la première Reformuniversität dans l’Allemagne fédérale. Conçue comme un ensemble transdisciplinaire d’enseignement et de recherche selon le modèle esquissé par Wilhelm von Humboldt, l’université de Bielefeld va devoir très vite s’adapter au pragmatisme dominant dans les années 1970, se soumettre à une modernisation adaptative et de ce fait subir un échec par rapport à la conception initiale. Un secteur cependant échappe à ce que l’on a appelé le ‘Bielefelder Syndrom’ : celui des Sciences sociales et historiques et son centre interdisciplinaire de recherches (ZiF) constituant l’ ‘Ecole de Bielefeld’ autour de figures marquantes, diverses mais complémentaires, comme les historiens Reinhart Koselleck, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Jürgen Kocka et des sociologues comme Niklas Luhmann.
MicroRNA-disease association prediction by matrix tri-factorization
Authors: Li Huiran , Guo Yin , Cai Menglan , Li Limin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiological evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) are greatly implicated in various biological progresses involved in human diseases. The identification of miRNA-disease associations(MDAs) is beneficial to disease diagnosis as well as treatment. Due to the high costs of biological experiments, it attracts more and more attention to predict MDAs by computational approaches.ResultsIn this work, we propose a novel model MTFMDA for miRNA-disease association prediction by matrix tri-factorization, based on the known miRNA-disease associations, two types of miRNA similarities, and two types of disease similarities. The main idea of MTFMDA is to factorize the miRNA-disease association matrix to three matrices, a feature matrix for miRNAs, a feature matrix for diseases, and a low-rank relationship matrix. Our model incorporates the Laplacian regularizers which force the feature matrices to preserve the similarities of miRNAs or diseases. A novel algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem.ConclusionsWe evaluate our model by 5-fold cross validation by using known MDAs from HMDD V2.0 and show that our model could obtain the significantly highest AUCs among all the state-of-art methods. We further validate our method by applying it on colon and breast neoplasms in two different types of experiment settings. The new identified associated miRNAs for the two diseases could be verified by two other databases including dbDEMC and HMDD V3.0, which further shows the power of our proposed method.
The health effects of gendered and devalued work: health outcomes of incarcerated women engaging in sex work and care/service work
Authors: Kim Sage J. , Peterson Caryn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWomen with a history of incarceration are often engaged in highly gendered work, either sex work or low-wage care/service work jobs. While employment is an important element of reentry plans, low-wage jobs may not necessarily help women leave illicit activities, including commercial sex work. Incarcerated women often move between care/service work and sex work to supplement income, putting them at greater risk for negative health outcomes.ResultsUsing survey data from 400 women detained in a large urban jail, we examined how incarcerated women’s experience with sex work and low-wage care/service work affects four health-related outcomes: overall health concerns, clinical depression, regular drug use, and self-esteem. Of the survey participants, 24% engaged exclusively in sex work and 34% in care/service work. However, 41% of women held both sex work and care/service work jobs, prior to incarceration. Compared to women engaged in care/service work, a greater proportion of women engaged in sex work reported overall health concerns, clinical depression, and regular drug use. On the other hand, women in care/service work jobs exclusively reported lower levels of self-esteem than women engaging in sex work.ConclusionsMany reentry programs emphasize the importance of employment for former inmates, and yet, job options for women detained in jail are often limited to low-wage care/service jobs, which do not necessarily provide adequate security to lift women’s economic burdens. Consequently, many women with a history of incarceration may supplement their income with sex work to meet their basic economic needs. However, both of these highly gendered and devalued jobs may negatively affect health and wellbeing of women.