bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological monitoring of tongue muscle activation during hypoglossal nerve stimulation
Authors: Sturm Joshua J. , Modik Oleg , Suurna Maria V. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisUpper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) via implantable hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) reduces airway obstruction by selectively stimulating nerve fibers that innervate muscles that produce tongue protrusion, while avoiding fibers that produce tongue retraction. This selective stimulation likely depends upon the location, intensity, and type of electrical stimulation delivered. This study investigates the impact of changing stimulation parameters on tongue muscle activation during HGNS using intraoperative nerve integrity monitoring in conjunction with electromyography (EMG).Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsTen patients undergoing unilateral HGNS implantation for OSA in a university hospital setting were studied. Data included EMG responses in tongue muscles that produce protrusion (genioglossus), retraction (styloglossus/hyoglossus), and stiffening (transverse/vertical) in response to intraoperative bipolar probe electrical stimulation of lateral and medial branches of the hypoglossal nerve (HGN) and to implantable pulse generator (IPG) unipolar and bipolar settings after placement of the stimulation cuff.ResultsStimulation of medial division HGN branches resulted in EMG responses in genioglossus muscles, but not in styloglossus/hyoglossus muscles, whereas stimulation of the lateral division HGN branches drove responses in styloglossus/hyoglossus muscles. Variable responses in transverse/vertical muscles were observed with stimulation of lateral and medial division branches. After electrode cuff placement, unipolar and bipolar HGN stimulation configurations of IPG resulted in unique patterns of muscle activation.ConclusionsThe relative activation of extrinsic and intrinsic tongue musculature by HGNS is determined by stimulus location, intensity, and type. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of tongue muscle activation enables proper electrode cuff placement and may provide essential data for stimulus optimization.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1836–1843, 2020
Relationship between video head impulse test, ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and compartmental magnetic resonance imaging classification in menière's disease
Authors: Kahn Laureline , Hautefort Charlotte , Guichard Jean‐Pierre , Toupet Michel , Jourdaine Clément , Vitaux Hélène , Herman Philippe , Kania Romain , Houdart Emmanuel , Attyé Arnaud , Eliezer Michael 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisCurrently, it is possible to assess in vivo the morphology of each compartment of the endolymphatic spaces 4 hours after an intravenous administration of gadolinium on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between otolithic and ampullar functions (cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential [cVEMP], ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential [oVEMP], video head impulse test [VHIT]) and delayed inner ear MRI based on a compartmental, anatomically based classification that included the cochlea, the saccule, the utricle, and the ampullas.Study DesignRetrospective case–control study.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we performed three‐dimensional fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequences with delayed acquisition in 26 healthy subjects and 31 definite Menière's disease (MD) patients. Each subject was then graded on MRI on the basis on cochlear, saccular, utricular, and ampullar hydrops in MD patients. All patients underwent pure‐tone audiometry, VHIT, cVEMP, and oVEMP testing.ResultsCochlear, saccular, utricular, and ampullar hydrops were found on MRI in 88%, 91%, 50%, and 8.5% respectively. We found no significant correlation between the presence of saccular hydrops versus cVEMP, utricular hydrops versus oVEMP, and ampullar hydrops versus VHIT. However, the severity of endolymphatic hydrops on MRI was correlated to the degree of hearing loss.ConclusionsWe proposed a compartmental, anatomically based classification for endolymphatic hydrops on MRI, which included the whole vestibular compartment. Using this classification, we observed increasing morphological changes as the disease evolved, affecting first the saccule, then the utricle, and finally the ampullas. The severity of vestibular endolymphatic hydrops is only correlated to hearing loss severity.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:E444–E452, 2020
New problems of food security in Northwest China: A sustainability perspective
Authors: Liu Xian , Shi Lijie , Qian Haiyang , Sun Shikun , Wu Pute , Zhao Xining , Engel Bernie A. , Wang Yubao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChina's food security has met standards set by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. However, this development is based on excessive resource input and sacrificing the environment. There are few studies on how to evaluate food production systems with a sustainability framework. In order to guarantee the food security in Northwest China, and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production, this study was carried out. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of new problems faced, including water resources, cultivated land resources and ecological security, several indicators such as water resources development and utilization rate, cultivated land pressure index, cultivated land quality index, N and P emissions and emission intensity are proposed to comprehensively evaluate the sustainability of grain production in Northwest China and put forward countermeasures to realize regional sustainable development. The results show that the water resources are already at a high‐stress level as the development and utilization rate of water resources is 42.7% in 2015. Industrial and domestic water continues to squeeze agricultural water use (annual average reduction of 0.1%). The amount of per capita cultivated land in 2015 has decreased by 9.7% compared to 2000. The quality index of cultivated land is as low as 0.22. A series of ecological problems caused by agricultural production have intensified the ecological crisis in the Northwest, which in turn will further affect food security. Suggestions to address these issues include improving agricultural water use efficiency, strengthening the measures of arable land conservation, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing plastic‐film mulch residues.
Biogeochemical asynchrony: Ecosystem drivers of seasonal concentration regimes across the Great Lakes Basin
Authors: Van Meter Kim J. , Chowdhury Shadman , Byrnes Danyka K. , Basu Nandita B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChanges in seasonal nutrient dynamics are occurring across a range of climates and land use types. Although it is known that seasonal patterns in nutrient availability are key drivers of both stream metabolism and eutrophication, there has been little success in developing a comprehensive understanding of seasonal variations in nutrient export across watersheds or of the relationship between nutrient seasonality and watershed characteristics. In the present study, we have used concentration and discharge data from more than 200 stations across U.S. and Canadian watersheds to identify (1) archetypal seasonal concentration regimes for nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total phosphorus, and (2) dominant watershed controls on these regimes across a gradient of climate, land use, and topography. Our analysis shows that less impacted watersheds, with more forested and wetland area, most commonly exhibit concentration regimes that are in phase with discharge, with concentration lows occurring during summer low‐flow periods. Agricultural watersheds also commonly exhibit in‐phase behavior, though the seasonality is usually muted compared to that seen in less impacted areas. With increasing urban area, however, nutrient concentrations frequently become essentially aseasonal or even exhibit clearly out‐of‐phase behavior. In addition, our data indicate that seasonal SRP concentration patterns may be strongly influenced by proximal controls such as the presence of dams and reservoirs. In all, these results suggest that human activity is significantly altering nutrient concentration regimes, with large potential consequences for both in‐stream metabolism and eutrophication risk in downstream waterbodies.
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic
Authors: Browning Thomas J. , Al‐Hashem Ali A. , Hopwood Mark J. , Engel Anja , Wakefield Ewan D. , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe duration and magnitude of the North Atlantic spring bloom impacts both higher trophic levels and oceanic carbon sequestration. Nutrient exhaustion offers a general explanation for bloom termination, but detail on which nutrients and their relative influence on phytoplankton productivity, community structure, and physiology is lacking. Here, we address this using nutrient addition bioassay experiments conducted across the midlatitude North Atlantic in June 2017 (late spring). In four out of six experiments, phytoplankton accumulated over 48–72 h following individual additions of either iron (Fe) or nitrogen (N). In the remaining two experiments, Fe and N were serially limiting, that is, their combined addition sequentially enhanced phytoplankton accumulation. Silicic acid (Si) added in combination with N + Fe led to further chlorophyll a (Chl a) enhancement at two sites. Conversely, addition of zinc, manganese, cobalt, vitamin B12, or phosphate in combination with N + Fe did not. At two sites, the simultaneous supply of all six nutrients, in combination with N + Fe, also led to no further Chl a enhancement, but did result in an additional 30–60% particulate carbon accumulation. This particulate carbon accumulation was not matched by a Redfield equivalent of particulate N, characteristic of high C:N organic exudates that enhance cell aggregation and sinking. Our results suggest that growth rates of larger phytoplankton were primarily limited by Fe and/or N, making the availability of these nutrients the main bottom‐up factors contributing to spring bloom termination. In addition, the simultaneous availability of other nutrients could modify bloom characteristics and carbon export efficiency.
Dual‐band horizontally/dual‐polarized antennas for WiFi/WLAN/ISM applications
Authors: Gong Qing , Xiao Meizhen , Luo Peng , Cui Yuehui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA dual‐band horizontally polarized (HP) antenna with omnidirectional radiation patterns is presented in this paper. The HP antenna is a vertical slot backed with a metal box, which is excited by a tapered feeding patch with a U‐slit for dual‐band operation. Good omnidirectional radiations are observed. A dual‐band dual‐polarized (DP) antenna is then developed by adding a dual‐band vertically polarized (VP) element to the HP element. The VP element is composed of two horizontal slots excited by a two‐branch feedline. The dual‐band DP antenna achieves an overlapped impedance bandwidth of 6% (2.34‐2.5 GHz) for the lower band and 15% (5.06‐5.91 GHz) for the upper band with an isolation of higher than 35 dB. Both the dual‐band HP and DP antennas are suitable to serve as WiFi/WLAN/ISM antennas for short‐range, low power wireless communications.
Evaluating person‐centredness for frail older persons in nursing homes before and after implementing a palliative care intervention
Authors: Bökberg Christina , Behm Lina , Wallerstedt Birgitta , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate person‐centeredness in nursing homes from the perspective of frail older persons, before and after implementing an educational intervention about palliative care.DesignA crossover design.MethodsForty‐four older persons living in nursing homes were interviewed. A convergent mixed‐method was used to analyse data.ResultsThe older persons expressed feelings of unsafety related to shortcomings in staff. These shortcomings implied that the responsibilities of everyday activities and making the residents’ existence more bearable were transferred to the next of kin. The dropout rate related to death and not enough energy was considerably high (51%) even though one of the inclusion criteria was to have enough energy to manage a 1‐hr interview. This result supports previous research describing the difficulties in retaining older persons in research and indicated that the dose of the intervention was not sufficient to improve person‐centred care.
Development and validation of body fat prediction models in American adults
Authors: Merrill Zachary , Chambers April , Cham Rakié 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIntroductionCommonly used statistical models to predict body fat percentage currently rely on skinfold measures, anthropometric measures, or some combination of the two but do not account for the wide ranges of age and body mass index (BMI) present in the American adult population. The objective of this study was to develop a statistical regression model to predict in vivo body fat percentage (dual energy X‐ray) in men and women across significant age and obesity ranges.MethodsThis study included 228 adults between the ages of 21 and 70, with BMI between 18.5 and 40.0 kg m−2. The study population was split into training (n = 163) and validation (n = 65) groups, which were used to develop and validate the prediction models. The models were developed on the training group using a backwards stepwise regression analysis, with the initial predictors including age, BMI, and several anthropometric and skinfold measurements.ResultsThe final statistical regression models included age, BMI, anthropometric measures, and skinfold measures with significant effects following the stepwise process. The models predicted body fat percentage in the testing group with average errors of less than 0.10% body fat in males and females, while the four previously existing methods (Durnin, Hodgdon, Jackson, and Woolcott) significantly underestimated or overestimated body fat in both genders, with errors ranging between 2% and 10%.ConclusionsThe final models included hand thickness, and the female model was dependent on waist circumference and two of the skinfold measures, while the male model used hip and thigh circumferences, along with three skinfold measures. By including the skinfold measurements separately, instead of only as sums like previous models have done, these models can account for the different relative contributions of each site to total body fat.
Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions
Authors: Harrison Mark E. , Ottay Juliarta Bramansa , D’Arcy Laura J. , Cheyne Susan M. , Anggodo  , Belcher Claire , Cole Lydia , Dohong Alue , Ermiasi Yunsiska , Feldpausch Ted , Gallego‐Sala Angela , Gunawan Adib , Höing Andrea , Husson Simon J. , Kulu Ici P. , Soebagio Siti Maimunah , Mang Shari , Mercado Lina , Morrogh‐Bernard Helen C. , Page Susan E. , Priyanto Rudy , Ripoll Capilla Bernat , Rowland Lucy , Santos Eduarda M. , Schreer Viola , Sudyana I. Nyoman , Taman Supardi Bin Bakeri , Thornton Sara A. , Upton Caroline , Wich Serge A. , van Veen F. J. Frank 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Tropical forests and peatlands provide important ecological, climate and socio‐economic benefits from the local to the global scale. However, these ecosystems and their associated benefits are threatened by anthropogenic activities, including agricultural conversion, timber harvesting, peatland drainage and associated fire. Here, we identify key challenges, and provide potential solutions and future directions to meet forest and peatland conservation and restoration goals in Indonesia, with a particular focus on Kalimantan.

Through a round‐table, dual‐language workshop discussion and literature evaluation, we recognized 59 political, economic, legal, social, logistical and research challenges, for which five key underlying factors were identified. These challenges relate to the 3Rs adopted by the Indonesian Peatland Restoration Agency (Rewetting, Revegetation and Revitalization), plus a fourth R that we suggest is essential to incorporate into (peatland) conservation planning: Reducing Fires.

Our analysis suggests that (a) all challenges have potential for impact on activities under all 4Rs, and many are inter‐dependent and mutually reinforcing, implying that narrowly focused solutions are likely to carry a higher risk of failure; (b) addressing challenges relating to Rewetting and Reducing Fire is critical for achieving goals in all 4Rs, as is considering the local socio‐political situation and acquiring local government and community support; and (c) the suite of challenges faced, and thus conservation interventions required to address these, will be unique to each project, depending on its goals and prevailing local environmental, social and political conditions.

With this in mind, we propose an eight‐step adaptive management framework, which could support projects in both Indonesia and other tropical areas to identify and overcome their specific conservation and restoration challenges.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Cranial sonographic markers of fetal open spina bifida at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation
Authors: Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Ramkrishna Jayshree , Ganesan Sujatha , Tse Cheryl , Scheier Matthias , Volpe Nicola , Ghi Tullio , Meagher Simon , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the sonographic signs of spina bifida obtained on axial and sagittal views of the fetal head between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including 27 cases of spina bifida and 1003 randomly selected controls. Indirect markers of spina bifida were evaluated on stored ultrasound images. Intracranial translucency (IT), ratio between the brainstem and the brainstem–occipital bone distance (BS/BSOB), and maxillo‐occipital (MO) line were assessed on sagittal view, whereas biparietal diameter (BPD), BPD to abdominal circumference ratio (BPD/AC), and aqueduct to occipital bone (aqueduct of Sylvius [AoS]) distance were measured on the axial plane. Reference ranges were developed, and cases of spina bifida were examined in relation to the reference range.ResultsOn the sagittal view, detection rates for IT below the fifth percentile, BS/BSOB above the 95th percentile, and an abnormal MO line were 52.3%, 96.3%, and 96.3%, respectively. On the axial view, detection rates for BPD, BPD/AC, and AoS below the fifth percentile were 66.7%, 70.4%, and 77.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe MO line and the BS/BSOB ratio appear to be the best indirect ultrasound markers of spina bifida and can be easily obtained during the routine first‐trimester scan.
Pharmacokinetics of Basiliximab for the Prevention of Graft‐versus‐Host Disease in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Minimal‐Intensity Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine
Authors: Podichetty Jagdeep T. , Brinda Bryan J. , Nelson Robert P. , Karr Alissa H. , Prasad Nagendra K. , Quinney Sara , Foxworthy Scott Susanna , Kiel Patrick J. 
Published: November 2019

Study ObjectiveBasiliximab is an immunosuppressive monoclonal antibody used for rejection prevention following solid organ transplantation; the pharmacokinetics (PK) of basiliximab in this setting are known. Basiliximab may also be used for prophylaxis and treatment of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT); however, the PK of basiliximab in this setting are not known. Clinical transplant providers expect variation in the volume of distribution and clearance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation (NMAT) compared with solid organ transplantation. Blood loss, organ site–specific antibody accumulation, and differences in blood product use during the two transplantation approaches may generate differences in basiliximab PK. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the PK of basiliximab after its addition to a minimally intense NMAT regimen, in conjunction with cyclosporine, for GVHD prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies.DesignPopulation PK analysis of a single‐center, single‐arm, phase II clinical trial.SettingAcademic cancer research center.PatientsFourteen adults with hematologic malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, myelofibrosis, or severe aplastic anemia) and undergoing NMAT with a fully HLA‐matched (10 of 10 antigen matched) related or unrelated donor.Measurements and Main ResultsBasiliximab was used in conjunction with cyclosporine to deplete activated T cells in vivo as GVHD prophylaxis. We developed a novel competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using recombinant interleukin‐2 receptor alpha‐chain (IL‐2Ra) and a commercially available soluble sIL‐2R ELISA kit to permit the quantification of serum basiliximab concentrations and characterization of the PK properties of the drug in this patient population. Using a nonlinear mixed effects model with NONMEM software, a one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination best described the PK, as covariate analysis using stepwise covariate modeling did not improve the base model.ConclusionWe suggest a one‐compartment population model with first‐order elimination to capture the PK profile for basiliximab for this patient population.
Reference equation for maximal voluntary ventilation in children and adolescents
Authors: Silva Jaksoel C. , Carvalho Ideza E. , Dal Corso Simone , Lanza Fernanda C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo develop reference equations of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in children and adolescents, and to test the validity and reproducibility of MVV.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.Patient‐Subject selectionA total of 348 healthy volunteers (6‐17 years)—248 for the development of reference equations and 100 to test the validity— were selected.MethodologySpirometry and MVV were performed. Volunteers were instructed to breathe quickly and strongly to estimate the MVV. Independent variables tested were age, sex, weight, height, and pulmonary function.ResultsAll volunteers (50% boys) had a normal pulmonary function. Mean MVV was 66.3 (17.8) L/minute for children and 118.8 (20.0) L/minute for adolescents. The equation developed for children was MVV = 4.865 + (forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1] × 16.257) + (peak expiratory flow [PEF] × 7.621); for adolescents was MVV = −25.450 + (FEV1 × 11.591) + (PEF × 6.672) + (sex × 12.179) + (age × 3.613). No significant differences were observed between measured and predicted MVV in children (64.6 [10.3] vs 64.6 [8.5] L/minute; P = .34) or adolescents (111.8 [23.4] vs 113.1 [22.8] L/minute, P = .12). The intraclass correlation coefficient between measured and predicted MVV was 0.95 (0.91‐0.97) for children and 0.90 (0.82‐0.94) for adolescents. The mean bias of Bland‐Altman analysis was −0.8 L/minute for children and −2.7 L/minute for adolescents.ConclusionsNormative values for MVV were established for children and adolescents, additionally, these equations are reproducible and it can be used to determine the respiratory impairments in the pediatric population.