bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fisher behaviour in coastal and marine fisheries
Authors: Andrews Evan J. , Pittman Jeremy , Armitage Derek R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research systematically reviews fisher behaviour in coastal and marine fisheries. Fisher behaviour refers to individual and group level action that reflects the psychological processing and social exchange of information in fisheries. Fisher behaviour is poorly conceptualized and explained in fisheries research, and the implications of fisher behaviour for governance outcomes remain uncertain. To address this gap, we present a systematic scoping review of peer‐reviewed literature (n = 104 journal articles published from 2012 to 2017). Results highlight a typology of fisher behaviour and reveal insights into behavioural types and their explanations commonly used in conceptual and empirical models. This research reveals three major implications for governance. First, researchers can strengthen recommendations for governance by examining fisher behaviours as multilevel and multiscale phenomena. Second, researchers in governance can improve capacities to anticipate behavioural change with theoretical models that prioritize psychosocial variables, and interdisciplinary empirical research on the extrinsic factors that shape the fishers’ psychosocial responses to change in a local context. Third, social and policy sciences research is needed to reveal the governance barriers and opportunities for using new models that incorporate fisher behaviour to develop, implement and evaluate fisheries policies.
Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient
Authors: Kaarlejärvi Elina , Salemaa Maija , Tonteri Tiina , Merilä Päivi , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe diversity and composition of natural communities are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic disturbances. Magnitude of this compositional reorganization varies across the globe, but reasons behind the variation remain largely unknown. Disturbances induce temporal turnover by stimulating species colonizations, causing local extinctions, altering dominance structure, or all of these. We test which of these processes drive temporal community changes, and whether they are constrained by natural environmental gradients. Moreover, we assess to what degree identity shifts translate to changes in dominance structure.LocationFinland.Time periodObservations 1985–2006, disturbance history > 140 years.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe investigated temporal turnover of boreal forest understorey in response to disturbance, here forest management, along a soil fertility gradient. We disentangle the roles of species gains, losses and abundance changes in driving temporal turnover in response to and after disturbance by comparing turnover rates in different forest age categories along a fertility gradient. We quantify temporal turnover using richness‐based complement of Jaccard’s similarity index and proportional‐abundance based dissimilarity index. We also test whether disturbance history or fertility influence the relationship between identity shifts and dominance structure.ResultsWe found that the impact of disturbance on temporal turnover depends on soil fertility. The greatest turnover occurred in the most fertile forests immediately after disturbance. There, species gains and losses strongly altered dominance structure leading to high turnover, whereas undisturbed old forests and nutrient‐poor habitats were characterized by stable dominant species even when the majority of species shifted their identity.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that human impacts on temporal biodiversity change vary along environmental gradients. In boreal forests, the fertile habitats have a higher probability than nutrient‐poor sites of changing their composition in response to anthropogenic disturbances. Resource availability and disturbance history may thus influence consequences of temporal turnover for ecosystem functioning.
Controllable synthesis of pure monodispersed zirconia nanopowders with tetragonal phase
Authors: He Weiyan , Guo Xia , Zhao Xiaobing , Liu Jinrong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanopowders of pure zirconia have been synthesized using citric acid (CA)‐assisted lamellar liquid crystal template method. The microstructure of the zirconia powder prepared at the different mole ratios of CA to zirconium oxynitrate (ZN) was characterized by FT‐IR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The phase structure of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/C10H21OH/H2O system before and after adding mixing solution CA and ZN was determined by POM (Polarizing Optical Microscope). The results show that lamellar structure of the SDS/C10H21OH/H2O system after adding mixing solution CA and ZN is stable. The presence of CA inhibits agglomeration and growth of zirconia particle. The crystallite size of zirconia powders decreases and agglomerates lowly with addition of CA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FI‐IR) analyses reveal that the structure of chelating organic complex is maintained in zirconia structure at high‐temperature calcination to cause oxygen vacancies which stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. The zirconia powders remained the single metastable tetragonal phase at the molar ratios of CA to ZN ranging from 1:3 to 5:1. The crystallite size of zirconia with spherical morphology varied from 32.2 to 20.1 nm with the increase of the molar ratio of CA to ZN in the range of 1:3 to 5:1.
Trends in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa in the Middle East region: a systematic review
Authors: Karvar Mehran , Panayi Adriana C. , Alavi Afsaneh , Baziar Zahra , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful, and severely debilitating inflammatory disease that affects apocrine gland‐bearing skin. There is no universal consensus on the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Current available guidelines are from western countries, which may be of limited use in other parts of the world. In this study, we aim to identify trends in the management of HS in the Middle East (ME) and its differences with the West.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify all studies in HS management performed by experts in the ME from database inception to June 2020 using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Only original articles published in English language were included. Guidelines from western countries were used for comparison.ResultsFifty‐four eligible studies comprising 7649 HS patients from the ME region and nine guidelines from the West were included. No established guidelines were found for the management of HS in the ME. Sex ratio of HS patients in the ME is different in that men reported to be affected at a higher rate than in the West. Different antibiotic regimens were recommended in the ME, and the experts in the ME tend to be more procedure intensive than experts in the West.ConclusionsEstablishing a guideline for HS management in the ME is recommended to address unique considerations in the countries in this region.
Noninflammatory comedones have greater diversity in microbiome and are more prone to biofilm formation than inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris
Authors: Loss Manisha , Thompson Katherine G. , Agostinho‐Hunt Alessandra , James Garth A. , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Rosenthal Ian , Cheng Nancy , Leung Sherry , Chien Anna L. , Kang Sewon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of Cutibacterium acnes strains to form biofilms has been correlated with their virulence.ObjectiveThis study examined biofilm and skin microbiota in acne patients in order to understand their role in the development of acne lesions.MethodsThin sections of punch biopsy specimens of (i) uninflamed comedones, (ii) inflammatory lesions, and (iii) uninvolved adjacent skin of acne patients were examined. Epiflourescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for biofilm detection, and pyrosequencing with taxonomic classification of 16s rRNA gene amplicons was used for microbiota analysis.ResultsOf the 39 skin specimens from patients with mild‐moderate acne (n = 13) that were studied, nine (23%) contained biofilm. Among these specimens, biofilm was most frequently detected in comedones (55.6%) and less frequently in inflammatory papules (22.2%) and uninvolved skin (22.2%). Comedones demonstrated the highest mean alpha diversity of all the lesion subtypes. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus was significantly higher in comedones (11.400% ± 12.242%) compared to uninvolved skin (0.073% ± 0.185%, P = 0.024).ConclusionsThe microenvironment of the comedone differs from that of inflammatory lesions and unaffected skin. The increased frequency of biofilm in comedones may account for the lack of host inflammatory response to these lesions.
Dermoscopy for venereologists: an update on patterns of tumors, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitalia, and tips for differential diagnosis
Authors: Maatouk Ismael , Apalla Zoe , Errichetti Enzo , Lallas Aimilios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionDermoscopy is an integrative part of clinical dermatologic examination. For clinicians mainly dealing with genital dermatoses and other venereal diseases, the differential diagnosis includes a broad spectrum of neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious entities. Dermoscopy might have a valuable role to enhance the clinical differential diagnosis and help avoid some biopsies done for diagnostic purposes. Although the dermoscopic patterns of most tumors and inflammatory diseases of the trunk/face have been described, their manifestations on genital areas are less elucidated. We aimed to provide a succinct summary of existing data on dermoscopy of dermatologic diseases on genital areas.MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed using the terms dermoscopy OR dermatoscopy OR videodermoscopy OR video dermoscopy AND genital. All studies reporting on dermoscopic findings of at least one case of a dermatologic disease on genital areas were included in the review. Unless otherwise indicated, ×10 was the magnification used in the reported studies. The main outcome was to describe the dermoscopic feature of each disease.ResultsA total of 31 articles were identified and analyzed. They included single case reports and case series. The described entities were categorized into anatomical variants, vascular and lymphatic lesions, tumors, inflammatory disorders, and infectious conditions.ConclusionIn diseases of the genital area, dermoscopic findings can be highly diagnostic and might establish a confident diagnosis. Limitation is that most of the criteria are based on case series, and few of them have been validated.
Transcriptional regulation of adaptive and innate lymphoid lineage specification
Authors: Spinner Camille A. , Lazarevic Vanja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnce alerted to the presence of a pathogen, activated CD4+ T cells initiate distinct gene expression programs that produce multiple functionally specialized T helper (Th) subsets. The cytokine milieu present at the time of antigen encounter instructs CD4+ T cells to differentiate into interferon‐(IFN)‐γ‐producing Th1 cells, interleukin‐(IL)‐4‐producing Th2 cells, IL‐17‐producing Th17 cells, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, or regulatory T (Treg) cells. In each of these Th cell subsets, a single transcription factor has been identified as a critical regulator of its specialized differentiation program. In this context, the expression of the “master regulator” is necessary and sufficient to activate lineage‐specific genes while restricting the gene expression program of alternative Th fates. Thus, the transcription factor T‐bet controls Th1 differentiation program, while the development of Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells is dependent on transcription factors GATA3, RORγt, Bcl6, and Foxp3, respectively. Nevertheless, master regulators or, more precisely, lineage‐defining transcription factors do not function in isolation. In fact, they interact with a complex network of transcription factors, orchestrating cell lineage specification programs. In this review, we discuss the concept of the combinatorial interactions of key transcription factors in determining helper T cell identity. Additionally, lineage‐defining transcription factors have well‐established functions beyond their role in CD4+ Th subsets. They play critically important functions at distinct stages during T cell development in the thymus and they control the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the bone marrow. In tracking the journey of T cells traversing from the thymus to the periphery and during the immune response, we discuss in broad terms developmental stage and context‐dependent functions of lineage‐defining transcription factors in regulating specification programs of innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
Bonbonnieres in the gallery: (re)presenting sugar in a family gallery space
Authors: Boycott‐Garnett Ruthie , MacRae Christina , Hackett Abigail , Otito Tamsho‐Thomas Tina , Holmes Rachel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper charts an on‐going process emerging from a collaborative project between Manchester Art Gallery, and early childhood researchers and practitioners, who are currently working together to develop a new learning space for families. It revolves around the potential of exhibiting a collection of bonbonnieres in this space. These little 18th Century pots, originally filled with sweets or breath mints, are colourful and depict fanciful animals that have an almost cartoon like quality that may resonate with younger children. Yet the contents that once lay inside would have been cut from plantations by the hands of enslaved people. Sugar, in all its sweetness, is intrinsically linked to Britain’s colonial history. Sections of a poem by Tina Otito Tamsho‐Thomas (http://revealinghistories.org.uk/smoking‐drinking‐and‐the‐british‐sweet‐tooth/objects/bonbonniere.html) are emplaced throughout to unambiguously contextualise the bonbonniere as a symbol of enslavement legacy, sugar trade history and British colonialism. Today, excess sugar consumption sits at the heart of the healthy eating agenda, a key priority area for local early years providers. In this paper, textual ‘fragments’ act as provocations in a series of interdisciplinary conversations that were initiated as a strategy to unsettle the positions of the institution and its curators, educators and practitioners, opening up discursive thinking about the potential of this particular object‐space ensemble. By considering these bonbonnieres as ‘vibrant matter’ (Bennett, 2010) that can affect and be affected within the gallery space (Tolia‐Kelly, 2016) we ask questions about how these objects might sit alongside the daily interactions that occur in the space in a way that opens up ‘discomfort zones’.
Should end‐of‐life patients be enrolled as participants in clinical research? A best‐fit framework synthesis
Authors: Oriani Anna , Fusi‐Schmidhauser Tanja , Guo Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo identify and appraise evidence about ethical concerns regarding conducting medical research with end‐of‐life patients.DesignA best‐fit framework synthesis of the literature regarding ethical issues in research involving adult patients at the end of life was conducted.Data sourcesFive databases were searched (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO) between January 2000–August 2019.Review methodsData were synthesized and categorized according to the moral positions described by Foster.ResultsIn all, 18 papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review. These papers provided rich knowledge not only about various ethical objections to researching the end of life but also about the social, moral, and clinical requirements to perform rigorous studies on clinical interventions in this field.ConclusionsResearch on people at end of life is not an unsolvable ethical dilemma between providing the best possible care and enhancing new therapies. It is important to find a balance between the moral duties of providing care and achieving research outcomes that are rigorous and meaningful for service users.ImpactResearch ethics committees can be challenged by the evaluation of human research. This review provides up‐to‐date evidence on key challenges and ethical considerations about researching with end‐of‐life patients.Summary statementThis study is a review of relevant evidence and key ethical challenges and issues around palliative and end‐of‐life research. Our findings provided important recommendations for clinicians, research, and ethics committee members when evaluating clinical research with people at their end of life.
Cellular senescence, a novel therapeutic target for mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Chenxia , Han Fei , Chen Dajin , Ma Yanhong , Wang Junni , Chen Jianghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCellular senescence is a widespread cellular programme that is characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells adopt a changed secretory phenotype that can alter cellular function. For years, cellular senescence has been thought to be a protective factor against cancer; however, it is now recognized that it has a dual effect on individuals. Co‐ordinated activation of cellular senescence provides advantages during embryogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and inhibition of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, the aberrant generation and accumulation of abnormal senescent cells lead to the development of age‐related conditions and tissue deterioration. During acute kidney injury (AKI), the kidney faces multiple types of stressors and challenges, which can easily drive cellular senescence. How to appropriately progress through the cell cycle and minimize long‐term damage is of great importance to the acquisition of adaptive repair considering that no available therapeutic interventions can reliably limit injury, speedy recovery or improve the prognosis of this syndrome. Whether the manipulation of cellular senescence can become a novel therapeutic target in AKI and reignite clinical and research interest remains to be determined. Here, we share our current understanding of the role of cellular senescence in AKI, along with examples of the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for targeting this disorder during its treatment.
Effects of IL‐18 on the proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine theca cells: Possible roles in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Hong yuan , Zhu Fu fan , Zhu Ying jun , Hu Yuan jing , Chen Xu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterleukin 18 (IL‐18) is a pleiotropic pro‐inflammatory cytokine and is associated with arrested follicle development and anovulation which are the typical pathological changes of PCOS. Theca cells (TCs) have a key role in follicular growth and atresia. But whether IL‐18 can directly affect ovarian TCs function is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of IL‐18 on proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine TCs and to explore the biological effect of IL‐18 on folliculogenesis. This work revealed that at 300‐1000 pg/mL, IL‐18 led to a time‐ and dose‐dependently increase in cell proliferation (P < .05). IL‐18 increased 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP4) and androstenedione (A2) secretion with up‐regulation of key steroidogenesis‐related genes CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 (P < .05). Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the IL‐18R protein is predominantly expressed in small‐follicle (3‐6 mm) TCs than large follicles (8‐22 mm) by immunohistochemistry. We also found that the stimulation effects of IL‐18 on TCs can be reversed with the addition of IL‐18BP as early as at 4 hours of culture and reached the peak at 16 hours. We conclude that IL‐18 appears to target TCs in bovine, and suggest an important role for this cytokine in ovarian function. Present findings further validate potential effects of IL‐18 in the conditions associated with follicular dysplasia and excessive growth of ovarian TCs (such as PCOS). But additional research is needed to further understand the mechanism of action of IL‐18 in theca cells as well as its precise role in folliculogenesis.
First‐in‐human study demonstrating the safety and clinical efficacy of novel anti‐IL‐17A monoclonal antibody CJM112 in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis
Authors: Kaul M. , Jarvis P. , Rozenberg I. , Kolbinger F. , Di Padova F. , Calonder C. , Espie P. , Rondeau J.M. , Cebe R. , Huber T. , Mussmann R. , Aassi M. , Sligh T.S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveAnti‐IL‐17A IgG/κ monoclonal antibody CJM112 binds both IL‐17A and IL‐17AF. The purpose of this First‐in‐Human study was to assess CJM112 effects on safety and efficacy in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.MethodsThis study had two parts: single ascending doses of 5–450 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) CJM112 (SAD) and multi‐dose parallel groups of CJM112 15 mg, 50 mg and 150 mg s.c. low frequency or high frequency (MD). SAD/MD were double‐blind, randomized and placebo‐controlled; MD also included a secukinumab 150 mg s.c. arm as an active comparator. Patients 18–65 years with moderate to severe psoriasis were included in this study. The efficacy outcome was the change in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) from baseline to Week 4 in the SAD part of the study, and from baseline to Week 12 in the MD part.Results96 patients were enrolled in this study (SAD, n = 42; MD, n = 54). In SAD, CJM112 doses from 15 mg and above demonstrated higher PASI responses compared with placebo at Week 12. CJM112 450 mg did not add further efficacy, but efficacy duration was prolonged compared with CJM112 150 mg. CJM112 MD resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in PASI over time to Week 12. CJM112 150 mg high frequency did not exceed the effect of CJM112 150 mg low frequency and had similar efficacy to secukinumab 150 mg. The safety profile of CJM112 was as expected for an antibody targeting IL‐17A/IL‐17AF.ConclusionsCJM112 had clinical efficacy in moderate to severe psoriasis and was generally safe and well tolerated in the doses tested. Additional neutralization of IL‐17AF did not translate to increased clinical efficacy compared with secukinumab.