bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a Universal Mindfulness Intervention in Schools Reduce ADHD Symptoms among Adolescents? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Holopainen Marianne , Hintsanen Mirka , Lahti Jari , Vahlberg Tero , Volanen Salla‐Maarit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExisting studies suggest that mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) can reduce ADHD symptoms when delivered as targeted clinical programs to young people diagnosed with ADHD. However, there is currently a lack of research on whether MBIs are effective in reducing elevated ADHD symptoms when delivered as universal programs to whole classes in schools. This study investigated the effects of a universal nine‐week MBI (.b program) on students' elevated ADHD symptoms using an cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The modifying effects of pupils' baseline characteristics (gender, age, and socioeconomic status) and home‐practice intensity were examined. A total of 3519 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from Finnish schools were randomized into an MBI group, a relaxation‐based active‐control group, and a passive‐control group. ADHD symptoms were measured at baseline (T0), at nine weeks (T9), and at 26‐weeks (T26, follow‐up) using parent‐reported assessments. The study found no positive intervention effects on parent‐reported ADHD symptoms in the MBI group compared to the control groups. Neither boys nor girls benefited from the MBI. The same was true of different age groups and socioeconomic levels. Moreover, regular home practice during the follow‐up period did not strengthen the intervention effects. The results do not support the use of brief, universal MBIs in whole school classes as part of the routine curriculum to reduce elevated ADHD symptoms in adolescents. Further research is essential to identify optimal content and delivery methods for MBIs in schools. Particularly among adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms, targeted MBIs, adapted to the unique needs of this subgroup, should be examined.Trial Registration: Healthy Learning Mind—a school‐based mindfulness and relaxation program: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) ISRCTN18642659 retrospectively registered on 13 October 2015. The full trial protocol can be accessed at http://rdcu.be/t57S
Deep learning can detect elbow disease in dogs screened for elbow dysplasia
Authors: Hauback Mari Nyborg , Huynh Bao Ngoc , Steiro Sunniva Elisabeth Daae , Groendahl Aurora Rosvoll , Bredal William , Tomic Oliver , Futsaether Cecilia Marie , Skogmo Hege Kippenes 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMedical image analysis based on deep learning is a rapidly advancing field in veterinary diagnostics. The aim of this retrospective diagnostic accuracy study was to develop and assess a convolutional neural network (CNN, EfficientNet) to evaluate elbow radiographs from dogs screened for elbow dysplasia. An auto‐cropping tool based on the deep learning model RetinaNet was developed for radiograph preprocessing to crop the radiographs to the region of interest around the elbow joint. A total of 7229 radiographs with corresponding International Elbow Working Group scoring were included for training (n = 4000), validation (n = 1000), and testing (n = 2229) of CNN models for elbow diagnostics. The radiographs were classified in a binary manner as normal (negative class) or abnormal (positive class), where abnormal radiographs had various severities of osteoarthrosis and/or visible primary elbow dysplasia lesions. Explainable artificial intelligence analysis were performed on both correctly and incorrectly classified radiographs using VarGrad heatmaps to visualize regions of importance for the CNN model's predictions. The highest‐performing CNN model showed excellent test accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, all achieving a value of 0.98. Explainability analysis showed frequent highlighting along the margins of the anconeal process of both correctly and incorrectly classified radiographs. Uncertainty estimation using entropy to characterize the uncertainty of the model predictions showed that radiographs with ambiguous predictions could be flagged for human evaluation. Our study demonstrates robust performance of CNNs for detecting abnormal elbow joints in dogs screened for elbow dysplasia.
CAT(0) and cubulated Shephard groups
Authors: Goldman Katherine M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShephard groups are common generalizations of Coxeter groups, Artin groups, and graph products of cyclic groups. Their definition is similar to that of a Coxeter group, but generators may have arbitrary order rather than strictly order 2. We extend a well‐known result that Coxeter groups are to a class of Shephard groups that have ‘enough’ finite parabolic subgroups. We also show that in this setting, if the associated Coxeter group is type (FC), then the Shephard group acts properly and cocompactly on a cube complex. As part of our proof of the former result, we introduce a new criteria for a complex made of simplices to be .
Rational points on 3‐folds with nef anti‐canonical class over finite fields
Authors: Bernasconi Fabio , Filipazzi Stefano 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove that a geometrically integral smooth projective 3‐fold with nef anti‐canonical class and negative Kodaira dimension over a finite field of characteristic and cardinality has a rational point. Additionally, under the same assumptions on and , we show that a smooth projective 3‐fold with trivial canonical class and non‐zero first Betti number has a rational point. Our techniques rely on the Minimal Model Program to establish several structure results for generalized log Calabi–Yau 3‐fold pairs over perfect fields.
Integrating political prioritisation into national surgical planning: a scoping review of surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia care in Cameroon
Authors: Agoubi Lauren , Carvalho Melissa , Fewer Sara , Oke Rasheedat , Fabo Brice , Daya Leonid , Obiezu Fiona , Adeola Janet , Nteungue Boris A K , Ekane Yannick , Etoundi Alain Mballa , Juillard Catherine 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSurgical diseases contribute substantially to death and disability in Cameroon. Strategic planning for surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia (SOA) care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires consideration of the policy environment in addition to the issue severity. We aimed at the current landscape of SOA care in Cameroon, incorporating a framework for political prioritisation.MethodsA scoping review of published and grey literature was performed. Literature specific to Cameroon, published between 2010 and 2020 and written in either English or French, was included. Abstracts and full texts were screened for discussion of SOA policy context, care and delivery conditions, and issue characteristics. Data extraction and analysis were performed using the Shiffman and Smith framework for political prioritisation accounting for actors, ideas, political context and issue characteristics.Results121 articles were included. By specialty, 83 articles were specific to surgery, 45 to obstetrics and 6 to anaesthesia. Policy environment was discussed by 20% (n=25) articles; 30% (n=37) discussed actor power; 22% (n=27) discussed ideas in SOA care and 93% discussed issue characteristics. Core challenges to political prioritisation of SOA care in Cameroon are limited actor support, a lack of consensus definitions, gaps in capacity and a need for systematic data collection on surgical diseases. Policy opportunities include leveraging existing multilateral partnerships to unify SOA actors, conducting national assessments of SOA care capacity, formalisation of task shifting to build capacity, defining essential SOA procedures, including surgical care in future health coverage, and defining and including SOA benchmarks in strategic planning.ConclusionsIntegrating a framework for political prioritisation into a situational analysis of SOA care is critical to understanding an LMIC’s policy context and actors, in addition to issue severity. Such an approach can serve as a baseline for analysis in evidence-informed policy-making for SOA care, even in the absence of centralised, country-wide data.
Factors associated with preterm birth and mother-to-child transmission in HIV-positive pregnant women in Henan, China, 2016–2022: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Hongyan , He Junjian , Cao Yuan , Xu Feng , Shi Cannan , Xia Junfen , Qu Huimin , Hu Mengcai 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionHIV can greatly impact the quality of life of pregnant women and may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth (PB) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The purpose of this study was to analyse the influencing factors of PB and MTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women.MethodsHIV-positive pregnant women in Henan Province between January 2016 and December 2022 were selected for the study. Data were collected through the Management Information System for the Prevention of MTCT of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B. Information on their demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment status and pregnancy outcomes was collected. A logistic regression model and χ2automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree model were used to analyse the correlation factors of PB and MTCT.ResultsThe average age of the 1073 study participants was 28.44 years, with an incidence of 11.93% for PB and 6.71% for MTCT. Hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus coinfection (OR=3.686, 95% CI 1.630 to 8.333) and Han nationality (OR=0.426, 95% CI 0.194 to 0.936) were risk factors for PB. Unknown HIV infection prior to pregnancy (OR=2.006, 95% CI 1.233 to 3.264) and primipara (OR=5.125, 95% CI 1.202 to 21.849) were risk factors for MTCT. The CHAID decision tree model was used to screen for the six and two influencing factors of PB and MTCT in HIV-positive women, respectively.ConclusionEarly HIV testing, scientific counselling, precise maternal HIV infection assessment and targeted prevention measures can help prevent PB and MTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women.
Characterisation of type 2 diabetes subgroups at diagnosis: the COPERNICAN prospective observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Fernandez-Camins Berta , Vlacho Bogdan , Canudas Albert , Ortega Marta , Granado-Casas Minerva , Perera-LLuna Alexandre , Boluda-Sanson Alejandro , El-Khattabi-Ofkir Yesmina , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mauricio Didac 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly heterogeneous and complex metabolic disease harbouring different metabolic characteristics. Adequate characterisation of subjects is essential to allow the implementation of precision medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this condition.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational cohort study aims to identify and characterise relevant clinical clusters that are reproducibly associated with various clinical outcomes in T2DM in our Mediterranean region. The COPERNICAN study will include 1200 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM from 28 primary care centres from the city of Barcelona and the healthcare district of Lleida in Catalonia (Spain). Participants will undergo a comprehensive phenotypic evaluation including, among others, six relevant variables: age, antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), indexes of insulin sensibility (HOMA2-IR) and secretion (HOMA2-beta). We will collect additional comprehensive data on glucose-lowering and other drug treatments, clinical evaluation (including complications), laboratory parameters, advanced lipoprotein profile, dietary habits and physical activity. The linkage with the population database will be done to perform a pragmatic follow-up of participants as part of their usual clinical care. A state-of-the-art cluster analysis (k-means and hierarchical clustering) will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe present study complies with all the ethical aspects and protection of participant subjects complying with all current local and European Union legislation. All Ethics Committees from the institutions involved in the study (IR Sant Pau Ethics Committee, Ethics Committee for Drug Research at IDIAP Jordi Gol and University Hospital of Bellvitge Ethics Committee for Research) approved this protocol. Confidentiality and anonymity of the data are ensured according to the current Spanish Organic Law 3/2018 of 05 December.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov. registration numberNCT05333718, 27 January 2023.
Predictors of treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Southern Iran based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model using structural equation modelling
Authors: Shahabi Nahid , Hosseini Zahra , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Aghamolaei Teamur 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTreatment adherence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important factor in optimal diabetes control and prevention of mortality. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) constructs in T2D treatment adherence behaviour.DesignThe present cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023.SettingThe present study was conducted in Bandar Abbas, a city in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran.ParticipantsThe participants included 396 patients with T2D with medical records in the Hormoz Diabetes Clinic. Based on their record number, the participants were selected for inclusion in the study through a random systematic sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on HPM constructs. The questionnaire was valid and reliable, achieving Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.609 to 0.798 across various constructs. The questionnaires were completed face to face. Pearson’s correlation test, path analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted using SPSS V.23, and STATA V.15.Study stageThis study was conducted before intervention (pre-results).ResultsAs the path analysis showed, perceived self-efficacy (β=0.23, p<0.001), treatment adherence experiences (β=0.26, p<0.001), immediate competing demands and preferences (β=−0.15, p<0.001) and commitment to plan of action (β=0.24, p<0.001) could significantly predict the treatment adherence behaviour. The results of indirect path analysis showed that the total effect of perceived benefits (β=0.24, p<0.001), perceived barriers (β=−0.14, p=0.002), perceived self-efficacy (β=0.32, p<0.001) on commitment to plan of action was statistically significant. Through the mediation of commitment to plan of action, they could predict the treatment adherence behaviour.ConclusionsIn light of the present findings, it can be concluded that the proposed model of T2D treatment adherence behaviour has an acceptable fit. Commitment to plan of action, treatment adherence experiences, perceived self-efficacy and immediate competing demands and preferences are the main predictors of T2D treatment adherence behaviour. It is recommended that educational interventions focus on these constructs.Trial registration numberThis study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1).
Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Oman revisited: implications for the consolidation of Gondwana
Authors: Gómez-Pérez Irene , Morton A. 
Published: December 2024

Implications of a new tectonic evolution model that puts Oman at the eastern margin of the Mozambique Ocean during the Neoproterozoic are wide and regionally significant. This model helps understanding the Neoproterozoic tectonics and paleogeography of Gondwana, the closure of the Mozambique Ocean, the paleogeography of the world-renowned Cryogenian and Ediacaran successions of Oman, and the petroleum systems of Oman and the rest of Arabia.
The proposed evolution model implies that the basement of Oman formed at the margin of Neoproterozoic India, and that the Cryogenian-Ediacaran sedimentary succession of Oman, and its early tectonic evolution, whose structural trends influenced tectonics through its geological history, were separate from those of the Arabian-Nubian Shield to the west*, as they were on opposite sides of the Mozambique Ocean up to the early Cambrian. It also implies that the final Gondwanan suture lies somewhere along, or just west of, the Western Deformation Front, an early Cambrian orogenic belt now found in the subsurface of Oman and in outcrops of north and south Oman. Its development is related to Malagasy-Angudan Orogeny, and it separates two realms: the juvenile Ediacaran basement and active margin sedimentary successions of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, and the Tonian igneous and metamorphic basement, Cryogenian rift deposits and Ediacaran passive margin deposits of Oman/Neoproterozoic India. The Precambrian hydrocarbon systems of Oman do therefore not extend to western Arabia, but to India and Pakistan instead. Sediment provenance studies using zircon geochronology and facies maps of the Neoproterozoic successions help to understand the tectonic setting during deposition and the distribution of reservoir rocks in shallow water settings in northeast Oman, and source rocks in deep basinal settings in south and west Oman.
The Bacterial Biofilms: Formation, Impacts, and Possible Management Targets in the Healthcare System
Authors: Omwenga Eric Omori , Awuor Silas Onyango 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The persistent increase in multidrug‐resistant pathogens has catalyzed the creation of novel strategies to address antivirulence and anti‐infective elements. Such methodologies aim to diminish the selective pressure exerted on bacterial populations, decreasing the likelihood of resistance emergence. This review explores the role of biofilm formation as a significant virulence factor and its impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Case Presentation: The ability of bacteria to form a superstructure—biofilm—has made resistance cases in the microbial world a big concern to public health and other sectors as it is a crucial virulence factor that causes difficulties in the management of infections, hence enhancing chronic infection occurrence. Biofilm formation dates to about 3.4 billion years when prokaryotes were discovered to be forming them and since then due to evolution and growth in science, they are more understood.Management and Outcome: The unique microenvironments within bacterial biofilms diminish antibiotic effectiveness and help bacteria evade the host immune system. Biofilm production is a widespread capability among diverse bacterial species. Biofilm formation is enhanced by quorum sensing (QS), reduction of nutrients, or harsh environments for the bacteria.Conclusion: The rise of severe, treatment‐resistant biofilm infections poses major challenges in medicine and agriculture, yet much about how these biofilms form remains unknown.
HMGA2 Expression Predicts Subtype, Survival, and Treatment Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Naomi , Dobersch Stephanie , Loveless Ian , Samraj Annie N. , Jang Gun Ho , Haraguchi Miki , Kang Liang-I. , Ruzinova Marianna B. , Vij Kiran R. , Mudd Jacqueline L. , Walsh Thomas , Safyan Rachael A. , Chiorean Elena Gabriela , Hingorani Sunil R. , Bolton Nathan M. , Li Li , Fields Ryan C. , DeNardo David G. , Notta Faiyaz , Crawford Howard C. , Steele Nina G. , Kugel Sita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to establish HMGA2 as a marker of basal-like disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and explore its use as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment resistance.

Experimental Design:
We identified high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein expression in basal PDAC cells in a single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) atlas of 172 patient samples. We then analyzed HMGA2 expression, along with expression of the classic marker GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6), in a cohort of 580 PDAC samples with multiplex IHC. We further supplemented these data with an additional 30 diverse patient samples and multiple independent single-cell RNA-seq databases.

Results:
We found that expression of HMGA2, but not previously described basal markers cytokeratins 5 or 17, predicted overall survival in our cohort. Combining HMGA2 and GATA6 statuses allowed for the identification of two key study groups: an HMGA2+/GATA6− cohort with worse survival, low tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, increased FAP+ fibroblasts, and poorer response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapies (n = 94, median survival = 11.2 months after surgery) and an HMGA2−/GATA6+ cohort with improved survival, increased CD8+ T-cell infiltrate, decreased FAP+ fibroblasts, and improved survival with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (n = 198, median survival = 21.7 months after surgery). HMGA2 was also prognostic for overall survival in RNA-seq from an independent cohort.

Conclusions:
IHC stratification of primary tumors by HMGA2 and GATA6 statuses in pancreatic cancer is associated with differential outcomes, survival following chemotherapy, and tumor microenvironments. As a nuclear marker for basal disease, HMGA2 complements GATA6 to identify disease subtypes in PDAC.
Human Papilloma Virus Circulating Cell-Free DNA Kinetics in Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Definitive Chemoradiation
Authors: Seo Aaron , Xiao Weihong , Gjyshi Olsi , Yoshida-Court Kyoko , Wei Peng , Swanson David , Cisneros Napravnik Tatiana , Grippin Adam , Venkatesan Aradhana M. , Jacobsen Megan C. , Fuentes David T. , Lynn Erica , Sammouri Julie , Jhingran Anuja , Joyner Melissa , Lin Lilie L. , Colbert Lauren E. , Gillison Maura L. , Klopp Ann H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant cause of cervical cancer. We hypothesized that detecting viral cell-free HPV DNA (cfDNA) before, during, and after chemoradiation (chemoRT) could provide insights into disease extent, clinical staging, and treatment response.

Experimental Design:
A total of 66 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were enrolled between 2017 and 2023, with 49 receiving standard-of-care treatment and 17 participating in a clinical trial combining a therapeutic HPV vaccine (PDS0101; IMMUNOCERV). Plasma was collected at baseline, weeks 1, 3, and 5 of chemoRT, and 3 to 4 months after chemoRT. HPV cfDNA was quantified using droplet digital PCR targeting the HPV E6/E7 oncogenes of 13 high-risk types. MRI was performed at baseline and before brachytherapy.

Results:
The median follow-up was 23 months, with recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 78.4% at 2 years. Baseline nodal disease extent correlated with HPV cfDNA levels. HPV cfDNA levels peaked in week 1 of radiation and decreased through treatment. Patients receiving the PDS0101 vaccine had a higher rate of undetectable HPV type 16 cfDNA compared with those who received standard-of-care therapy. HPV cfDNA clearance correlated with better 2-year RFS (92.9% vs. 30%, log-rank; P = 0.0067). The strongest predictor of RFS was HPV cfDNA clearance in follow-up achieving a concordance index score of 0.83, which improved when combined with MRI response (concordance index, 0.88).

Conclusions:
HPV cfDNA levels change dynamically during chemoRT. HPV cfDNA levels at follow-up predict RFS, and delivery of therapeutic HPV vaccine with chemoRT was linked to rapid HPV cfDNA decline. Monitoring HPV cfDNA during and after chemoRT may guide tailoring of personalized treatment.