bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence phenomena in parkinsonian disorders: Phenomenology and neuropsychological correlates
Authors: Reckner Erin , Cipolotti Lisa , Foley Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThe feeling of a presence that occurs in the absence of objectively identifiable stimuli is common in parkinsonian disorders. Although previously considered benign and insignificant, recent evidence suggests that presence phenomena may act as the gateway to more severe hallucinations and dementia. Despite this, we still know relatively little about these phenomena.ObjectiveTo examine parkinsonian disorder patients' subjective experience of presence phenomena, and retrospectively analyse their cognitive correlates, in order to elucidate the emergence of information processing deficits in parkinsonian disorders.Methods/Design25 patients who endorsed presence phenomena were asked to complete a semi‐structured interview about their experiences. The cognitive profiles of these patients were then compared to those of age‐ and education‐matched patients who denied presence phenomena.ResultsPatients described the presence as mostly that of an unknown human with neutral valence. Patients who described it as unpleasant were noted to also demonstrate elevated anxiety. Patients who identified the presence as a known person, described it as touching them, or interacted with the presence emotionally or physically demonstrated reduced insight. Patients with presence phenomena demonstrated more frequent impairments in visual processing, executive function and speed of processing.ConclusionsPresence phenomena occur in the company of advancing cognitive impairment and involvement of the posterior cortical functions. Initially encountered as a neutral spatial skeleton, the experience is then shaped by the patient's affective state and level of insight.
Surface disinfection practice in a hospital pharmacy aseptic compounding unit
Authors: Smith Evonne K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospital pharmacies that offer an aseptic medicine compounding service must ensure the final product is free from microbial, particulate and pyrogen contamination. Disinfecting medicines, consumables and containers prior to entry into the cleanroom environment is an essential step in minimising microbial contamination.AimThis study investigated whether spraying items with sterile ethanol 70% then wiping with 70% isopropyl alcohol‐impregnated wipes successfully disinfects items prior to transfer into the cleanroom.MethodsEach compounding operator performed a left‐ and right‐hand finger dab sample after each compounding session for 2 months prior to and 2 months after implementation of the spray‐and‐wipe disinfection practice.ResultsPrior to the new disinfection practice, 96 finger dab pairs of samples were collected. No contamination occurred in 36.5% of sample pairs. Of the samples that were positive, 75% had three or fewer colonies per agar plate. After introduction of the spray‐and‐wipe practice, 84 finger dab pairs were collected. No contamination occurred in 82.1% of sample pairs and of the positive samples 93% had three or fewer colonies.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the disinfection practice of spraying items with sterile ethanol 70% and then wiping with 70% isopropyl alcohol‐impregnated wipes significantly reduces the rate of operator glove contamination, but does not fully eliminate contamination. These results must be considered along with other environmental monitoring results as part of the quality assurance process to minimise the risk of microbial contamination in the final product.
H+/K+ATPase Expression in the Larynx of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Laryngeal Cancer Patients
Authors: McCormick Caroline A. , Samuels Tina L. , Battle Michele A. , Frolkis Talia , Blumin Joel H. , Bock Jonathan M. , Wells Clive , Yan Ke , Altman Kenneth W. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump has previously been shown to be expressed in the human larynx, however its contribution to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) signs, symptoms and associated diseases such as laryngeal cancer is unknown. Proton pump expression in the larynx of patients with LPR and laryngeal cancer was investigated herein. A human hypopharyngeal cell line expressing the proton pump was generated to investigate its effects.Study DesignIn‐vitro translational.MethodsLaryngeal biopsies were obtained from three LPR and eight LSCC patients. ATP4A, ATP4B and HRPT1 were assayed via qPCR. Human hypopharyngeal FaDu cell lines stably expressing proton pump were created using lentiviral transduction and examined via transmission electron microscopy and qPCR for genes associated with inflammation or laryngeal cancer.ResultsExpression of ATP4A and ATP4B was detected in 3/3 LPR, 4/8 LSCC‐tumor and 3/8 LSCC‐adjacent specimens. Expression of ATP4A and ATP4B in FaDu elicited mitochondrial damage and expression of IL1B, PTGS2, and TNFA (P < .0001); expression of ATP4B alone did not.ConclusionsGastric proton pump subunits are expressed in the larynx of LPR and LSCC patients. Mitochondrial damage and changes in gene expression observed in cells expressing the full proton pump, absent in those expressing a single subunit, suggest that acid secretion by functional proton pumps expressed in upper airway mucosa may elicit local cell and molecular changes associated with inflammation and cancer.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:130–135, 2021
Investigation on the Copolymer Electrolyte of Poly(1,3‐dioxolane‐co‐formaldehyde)
Authors: Liu Fengquan , Li Ting , Yang Yujie , Yan Jun , Li Ning , Xue Jinxin , Huo Hong , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of copolymers are prepared via cationic ring‐opening polymerization with 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) and trioxymethylene (TOM) as monomers. The crystallization behaviors of the copolymers can be suppressed by adjusting the ratio of DOL/TOM. With LiBF4 as a source for a BF3 initiator, copolymer electrolytes (CPEs) can be prepared in situ inside cells without needing nonelectrolyte catalysts or initiators. The ionic conductivities and Li+ diffusion coefficients () of the CPEs increase with a decreasing DOL/TOM ratio in a certain range. The CPE with a DOL/TOM ratio of 8/2 has the highest ionic conductivity as well as and shows excellent interfacial compatibility with lithium (Li) metal anodes. Li–Li symmetric cells can be uniformly plated/stripped for more than 1200 h. Furthermore, LiFePO4–Li cells with 8/2‐CPE display stable cycling performance for over 400 cycles. This strategy is a promising approach for the preparation of high‐performance polymer electrolytes and is sure to promote their application in Li metal batteries.
Abnormal Neural Responses During Reflexive Blinking in Blepharospasm: An Event‐Related Functional MRI Study
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Kelly Diane , Glickman Amanda , Argaw Salem , Shelton Erika , Peterson David A. , Berman Brian D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe neurophysiological disruptions underlying blepharospasm, a disabling movement disorder characterized by increased blinking and involuntary muscle spasms of the eyelid, remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the neural substrates underlying reflexive blinking in blepharospasm patients compared to healthy controls using simultaneous functional MRI and surface electromyography.MethodsFifteen blepharospasm patients and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Randomly timed air puffs to the left eye were used to induce reflexive eye blinks during two 8‐minute functional MRI scans. Continuous surface electromyography and video recordings were used to monitor blink responses. Imaging data were analyzed using an event‐related design.ResultsFourteen blepharospasm patients (10 female; 61.6 ± 8.0 years) and 15 controls (11 female; 60.9 ± 5.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Reflexive eye blinks in controls were associated with activation of the right hippocampus and in patients with activation of the left caudate nucleus. Reflexive blinks in blepharospasm patients showed increased activation in the right postcentral gyrus and precuneus, left precentral gyrus, and left occipital cortex compared to controls. Dystonia severity negatively correlated with activity in the left occipital cortex, and disease duration negatively correlated with reflexive‐blink activity in the cerebellum.ConclusionsReflexive blinking in blepharospasm is associated with increased activation in the caudate nucleus and sensorimotor cortices, suggesting a loss of inhibition within the sensorimotor corticobasal ganglia network. The association between decreasing neural response during reflexive blinking in the cerebellum with disease duration suggests an adaptive role. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Practical consensus tracking control of multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots in polar coordinates
Authors: Liu Lixia , Guo Rongwei , Ji Jinchen , Miao Zhonghua , Zhou Jin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a sliding‐mode control (SMC) method to achieve practical cooperative consensus tracking for a network of multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (MNWMRs) with input disturbances. A novel SMC surface under the nonholonomic constraints is first formulated to characterize the network communication interactions among the networked robots under the framework of polar coordinates. A unified distributed consensus tracking strategy is then proposed by systematically combining a position controller and a direction controller. Furthermore, a simple yet general criterion is derived to achieve the desired practical consensus of trajectory tracking and posture stabilization for MNWMRs. In particular, for a specific common consensus trajectory, the complete asymptotic tracking in heading direction can be fully guaranteed when the perfect asymptotic position‐tracking errors are realized. Accordingly, the developed consensus tracking strategy for MNWMRs demonstrates some advantages of control performance including stability, robustness, and effectiveness over the existing control method proposed for their single‐robot counterparts. Some comparative simulation results are given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative consensus control method.
Plant viral nanoparticles for packaging and in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos
Authors: Shahgolzari Mehdi , Pazhouhandeh Maghsoud , Milani Morteza , Yari Khosroushahi Ahmad , Fiering Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanoparticles have unique capabilities and considerable promise for many different biological uses. One capability is delivering bioactive cargos to specific cells, tissues, or organisms. Depending on the task, there are multiple variables to consider including nanoparticle selection, targeting strategies, and incorporating cargo so it can be delivered in a biologically active form. One nanoparticle option, genetically controlled plant viral nanoparticles (PVNPs), is highly uniform within a given virus but quite variable between viruses with a broad range of useful properties. PVNPs are flexible and versatile tools for incorporating and delivering a wide range of small or large molecule cargos. Furthermore, PVNPs can be modified to create nanostructures that can solve problems in medical, environmental, and basic research. This review discusses the currently available techniques for delivering bioactive cargos with PVNPs and potential cargos that can be delivered with these strategies.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
External validation of a prognostic model based on total tumor load of sentinel lymph node for early breast cancer patients
Authors: Piñero-Madrona Antonio , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Sánchez-Méndez José Ignacio , Chaves-Benito Asunción , Gómez-de la Bárcena Maximiliano Rodrigo , Calatrava-Fons Ana , Menjón-Beltrán Salomón , Peg-Cámara Vicente 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A prognostic model based on the results of molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) is needed to replace the information that staging the entire axilla provided. The aim of the study is to conduct an external validation of a previously developed model for the prediction of 5-year DFS in a group of breast cancer patients that had undergone SLN biopsy assessed by the One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) method.

Methods
We collected retrospective data of 889 patients with breast cancer, who had not received systemic treatment before surgery, and who underwent SLN biopsy and evaluation of all SLN by OSNA. The discrimination ability of the model was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC), and its calibration by comparing 5-years DFS Kaplan–Meier estimates in quartile groups of model predicted probabilities (MPP).

Results
The AUC ROC ranged from 0.78 (at 2 years) to 0.73 (at 5 years) in the training set, and from 0.78 to 0.71, respectively, in the validation set. The MPP allowed to distinguish four groups of patients with heterogeneous DFS (log-rank test p < 0.0001). In the highest risk group, the HR were 6.04 [95% CI 2.70, 13.48] in the training set and 4.79 [2.310, 9.93] in the validation set.

Conclusions
The model for the prediction of 5-year DFS was successfully validated using the most stringent form of validation, in centers different from those involved in the development of the model. The external validation of the model confirms its utility for the prediction of 5-year DFS and the usefulness of the TTL value as a prognostic variable.
Purification efficacy of different parts of Mangifera indica on water samples from contaminated drinking water sources in chanchaga local government area of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola Mary Banke , Ijah Udeme Josiah Joshua , Yisa Jonathan , Abioye Peter Olabisi , Ariyeloye Damola Stephen , Ibrahim Julius Ndayaman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of natural coagulant in water purification has gain popularities owing to the public health consequences of consuming untreated water and the carcinogenic properties of synthetic coagulant. In the present study, the leaf, stem, seed and bark powdered samplesMangifera indicawere used to treat contaminated river, stream and pond water at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/L. Microbial quality and physicochemical properties of the water samples were investigated after 0, 12 and 24 h of treatment. The results showed that the addition ofM. indicaconsiderably decreases or even eliminated (in most cases) the aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, salmonella and shigella in the water samples. All parts ofM. indicatested decreased the pH, dissolve oxygen, total dissolved solid, calcium, nitrate, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand contents of the water samples when compared with untreated water. The activities of the plant materials increase with increase treatment time and concentrations. In conclusion, the raw surface water (stream, river and pond) used for the study fall short of standard.Mangifera indicaleaf, stem, seed and bark materials improved the quality of the raw surface water based on the maximum permissible limit of microbial load and physicochemical parameters. This could serve as a cheaper and safer alternative to the synthetic coagulant.
Feasibility and Outcome of an Inpatient Interpersonal Skills Group for Older Adults (65+) With Acute or Chronic Depression
Authors: Bollmann Simon , Spies Jan , Hodzic Jadranko , Hohl-Radke Felix , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In light of ongoing demographic changes, it is essential to tailor psychotherapeutic approaches and interventions to the specific needs and characteristics of older adults. An interpersonal skills group (ISG) for older adults consisting of modified Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) elements (Situational Analysis, Kiesler Circle Training) was integrated into the treatment schedule of an inpatient setting in routine clinical care. Feasibility and outcome were evaluated in a pilot study including 13 older patients ( Mage = 77.3, range 66–87 years) diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Results indicate very good feasibility as well as a significant reduction of depressive symptoms in self-report measures and observer rating at discharge ( d = 1.00 to d = 5.62). No significant changes were observed in interpersonal distress, whereas significant changes in the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ reappraisal: p < .001) and the Impact Message Inventory (IMI: p = .002 to p < .001) were reported and discussed. However, the results in the observer rating are likely to have been overestimated through a nonblinded rater. Further studies should examine the efficacy of age-tailored CBASP programs for older adults in large randomized controlled trials.
Mantle and Recycled Oceanic Crustal Components in Mantle Xenoliths From Northeastern China and their Mantle Sources
Authors: Guo Peng , Ionov Dmitri A. , Xu Wen‐Liang , Wang Chun‐Guang , Luan Jin‐Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate is widely credited for the destruction of the eastern North China Craton. However, how the Pacific plate subduction has affected the off‐craton lithospheric mantle in northeastern China is less clear, as few studies have focused on the lithospheric mantle‐derived xenoliths in that region. We report petrography, mineral and rock chemistry, and in situ isotopic compositions of Sr in clinopyroxene and O in olivine for 20 peridotite and 11 pyroxenite xenoliths hosted by the Cenozoic volcanic rocks at Jiaohe and Shuangliao localities. The peridotites include lherzolites, harzburgites, and a wehrlite, many are metasomatized. Group 1 garnet pyroxenites have high Al2O3, Ni, and Mg#; positive Eu and Sr anomalies; and olivine δ18O values of 4.8–5.1‰, which we attribute to recycling of oceanic crustal components to the asthenosphere and their reactions with host peridotites. Groups 2 and 3 pyroxenites are garnet‐free and contain peridotite‐like pyroxenes; we argue that they were formed by reactions of lithospheric peridotites with evolved melts derived from recycled oceanic crust. In addition, one pyroxenite contains orthopyroxene surrounded by fine‐grained olivine and clinopyroxene, while another pyroxenite and the wehrlite contain zoned clinopyroxene with gradual increases in Na2O, (La/Yb)N, Sr, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios and decreases in Ti/Eu from core to rim. These characteristics record infiltration of a carbonatite melt shortly before the transport of the xenoliths. The inferred carbonatite melt has 87Sr/86Sr ≥ 0.70415 and mantle‐like olivine δ18O and originated from carbonated asthenosphere. Our results, together with previous studies on the host basalts, suggest that subducted crustal materials were initially transported to the asthenosphere beneath northeastern China to produce carbonate‐bearing domains. Upwelling of the carbonated asthenosphere produced carbonatite melts that migrated upward and metasomatized the overlying lithospheric mantle.
Untersuchung zur Wirkung von Kinesio-Tape und IQ-Tape auf die neuromuskuläre Aktivität beim Joggen, Treppensteigen und Drop-Jump
Authors: Rogan Slavko , Baur Heiner 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Applikationen mit elastischem Tape werden positive Wirkungen auf die Bewegung zugeschrieben. Unter anderem werden Attribute wie stoffwechselanregend, entstauend, kräftigend und schmerzlindernd genannt. Das Ziel dieser Interventionsstudie mit einem Within-Subject-Design war die Untersuchung verschiedener elastischer Tapes (Kinesiotape – KT, IQ-Tape – IQ, ohne Tape: OT) auf die neuromuskuläre Aktivierung der Beuge- und Streckkette der unteren Extremität während des Joggens, des Treppensteigens und bei Drop Jumps.
Probanden/Methodik Achtzehn gesunde Erwachsene (5 Männer und 13 Frauen) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 26,3 ± 3,6 Jahren und einem Body-Mass-Index von 22,3 ± 0,7 kg/m2 wurden rekrutiert. Die Teilnehmer absolvierten Laufintervalle mit 10 km/h, 12 km/h und 15 km/h, Treppensteigen und Drop Jumps (10 Versuche). Die Muskelaktivierung des M. vastus medialis und M. vastus lateralis, des M. bizeps femoris, des M. semitendionosus, des M. tibialis anterior, M. gastrocnemius medialis und lateralis wurden erhoben, um das Verhältnis der Muskelaktivierung des M. tibialis anterior zu M. gastrocnemius medialis und lateralis (T/G-ratio) und des M. vastus medialis und lateralis zum M. bizeps femoris und M. semitendinosus (V/I-ratio) zum Zeitpunkt vor (–150 bis 0 ms pre), während (0–30 ms post) und von 30 ms bis 150 ms post der ersten Bodenkontaktaufnahme mit Hilfe elektromyografischer Messungen darzustellen. Die statistische Prüfung erfolgte mittels des nonparametrischen L-Puri-Sen-Verfahrens. Das Signifikanzniveau wurde auf p < 0,05 gesetzt.
Ergebnisse Zwei Probanden schieden während der Datenaufnahme aus der Studie aus. Damit konnten von 16 Probanden Daten analysiert werden. Beim Treppenheruntersteigen zeigt IQT in der Voraktivierung (–150 bis 0 ms) vor dem ersten Bodenkontakt einen signifikant erhöhten T/G-ratio im Vergleich zu OT (p = 0,01). Die restlichen Vergleiche von Applikationen mit KT, IQT und OT ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede (p > 0,05).
Schlussfolgerung Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass Kinesiotape – KT und IQ-Tape – IQ keine relevanten detektierbaren Änderungen der Muskelaktivierung bei gesunden Personen hervorrufen. Zukünftige Studien sollten Patienten einschließen, die eine pathologisch veränderte neuromuskuläre Kontrolle aufweisen.
Broadband critical dynamics in disordered lead-based perovskites*
Authors: Stock C , Songvilay M , Gehring P M , Xu Guangyong , Roessli B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Materials based on the cubic perovskite unit cell continue to provide the basis for technologically important materials with two notable recent examples being lead-based relaxor piezoelectrics and lead-based organic–inorganic halide photovoltaics. These materials carry considerable disorder, arising from site substitution in relaxors and molecular vibrations in the organic–inorganics, yet much of our understanding of these systems derives from the initial classic work of Prof. Roger A Cowley, who applied both theory and neutron scattering methods while at Chalk River Laboratories to the study of lattice vibrations in SrTiO3. Neutron scattering continues to play a vital role in characterizing lattice vibrations in perovskites owing to the simple cross section and the wide range of energy resolutions achievable with current neutron instrumentation. We discuss the dynamics that drive the phase transitions in the relaxors and organic–inorganic lead-halides in terms of neutron scattering and compare them to those in phase transitions associated with a ‘central peak’ and also a soft mode. We review some of the past experimental work on these materials and present new data from high-resolution time-of-flight backscattering spectroscopy taken on organic–inorganic perovskites. We will show that the structural transitions in disordered lead-based perovskites are driven by a broad frequency band of excitations.
Bend monitoring and refractive index sensing using flat fibre and multicore Bragg gratings
Authors: Holmes Christopher , Ambran Sumiaty , Cooper Peter A , Webb Andrew S , Gates James C , Gawith Corin B E , Sahu Jayanta K , Smith Peter G R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A planarized optical fibre designed for two-dimensional bend monitoring and external refractive index sensing is presented. The approach uses two single-mode waveguides each containing a set of spectrally multiplexed Bragg gratings. To achieve sensitivity to bending and external refractive index, the cladding material of the fibre is partially removed through physical machining. This acts to offset the neutral axis, increasing bend sensitivity, and exposes the evanescent field of the guided mode, permitting external refractive index monitoring. Through collective monitoring of the Bragg grating array, real time, multiparameter sensing is attainable, allowing new capability for intelligent monitoring.