bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐HH: A deep learning‐based high school student hidden hunger risk prediction system
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Zheng , Cao Huake , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Minao , Zhang Ning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundHidden hunger (HH) refers to the deficiency of certain micronutrients. Current research suggests that approximately 70% of chronic diseases are linked to HH, which significantly affects public health. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an effective method to assess the risk of HH. This study aims to develop risk prediction models for HH using machine learning (ML).MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey among 9336 high school students in 11 cities within Anhui Province and assessed their HH risk using a scale. After quality control, we designated 632 students from Xuancheng City as the external test cohort and used the remaining 6477 students as the training cohort to develop predictive models. We used six ML algorithms (i.e., deep‐learning neural network [DNN], random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting decision tree, and k‐nearest neighbor) to fit the training set using five‐fold cross‐validation, with hyperparameter tuning performed via Bayesian optimization. We used the “Streamlit” library to construct an online application and the “shapley additive explanations” library for model interpretability analysis.ResultsWe observed that the DNN model performed best. In the external test cohort, the area under the curve reached 0.813, accuracy was 0.739, and sensitivity and specificity were 0.720 and 0.760, respectively. Furthermore, the precision‐recall curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis also indicated that our model had high predictive accuracy. To aid practical use, we developed an online application (http://sec.mitusml.com:9000/). Through model interpretability analysis, we discovered that the frequent consumption of fruits and coarse grains was likely to reduce the risk of HH, whereas frequently eating snacks and fried foods increased the risk of HH.ConclusionsWe developed an effective prediction model for HH and analyzed the factors that influence its risk.
Theoretical Study on Consolidation of Slurry Treated by PHDs‐VP Considering Clogging Effect and Vacuum Preloading Process
Authors: Yang Kang , Lu Mengmeng , Liu Yuanjie , Geng Xueyu , Ding Zhiwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrefabricated horizontal drains combined with vacuum preloading (PHDs‐VP) have addressed the shortcomings of prefabricated vertical drains combined with vacuum preloading (PVDs‐VP), beginning to emerge as a popular method for dredged slurry treatment. However, theoretical research on PHDs‐VP consolidation is relatively scarce. This study proposes a novel analytical model for predicting the consolidation behavior of the slurry treated by PHDs‐VP. This model treats the PHDs layer as a continuous drainage layer. Analytical solutions considering the clogging effect and the vacuum preloading process have been derived. The correctness and applicability of the proposed model have been verified through degeneration analysis and comparison with laboratory experimental data. Subsequently, an in‐depth sensitivity analysis of parameters has been conducted to assess the influence on consolidation. The research findings indicate that the clogging effect significantly reduces the consolidation rate, while the influence of the increasing rate in vacuum pressure is relatively minor. Additionally, increasing the slurry filling rate and the PHDs layout density can both accelerate soil consolidation. These findings offer significant guidance for the implementation of PHDs‐VP method in engineering.
Patient Persistence to OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Overactive Bladder Using a Reduced Injection‐Site Paradigm: A Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Bernstein Steven , Schwartz Marc , Ifantides Kimberly Becker 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsOnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is an approved treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). This chart review study aims to determine treatment persistence in patients receiving onabotA (100 U) via a reduced injection‐site paradigm distributed across ≤ 3 injection sites.MethodsThis study was a single site, noninterventional, retrospective chart review evaluating adult female OAB patients refractory to behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy before receiving ≥ 1 treatment with onabotA (100 U) via 1−3 injections between July 2017 and June 2021. Patients with neurologic OAB, predominance of stress incontinence, or who expired during the study were excluded. Baseline demographics, treatment patterns, treatment persistence, treatment intervals, lidocaine pretreatment, patient‐reported treatment response, and adverse urological events were documented and evaluated. Persistence was defined as the percent of patients receiving ≥ 3 treatments during the study period via three or fewer injections. Continuous variables were summarized with sample size, mean (standard deviation [SD]), and median (1st and 3rd quartiles); categorical variables were calculated as frequencies and percentages.ResultsOf the 90 patients included in this study, 55 (61.1%) were persistent to treatment with onabotA for OAB, completing 3 treatments by the end of the data collection period. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was reported after 18/370 (4.9%) treatments. Of 90 patients,15 (16.7%) reported UTI after any treatment, and none required clean intermittent catheterization.ConclusionWhen onabotA was administered via a reduced injection‐site paradigm, 61.1% of patients were persistent to OAB treatment. Given the limited pool of patients included in this study and relatively low sample sizes at later timepoints, results may not be generalizable. No new safety signals were identified using the reduced injection‐site paradigm.Clinical Trial RegistrationDue to the nature of this study, no clinical trial registration was required.
Comparison of Pressurized Water Extraction With Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for Isolation of Phycobiliproteins From Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
Authors: Burdějová Lenka , Dadajová Pavlína , Kudláčková Barbora , Duša Filip 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) (Nordstedt) Gomont contains high content of phycobiliproteins (PBP), which are an important source for food industry. Methods effectively extracting proteins contained in AP cells are demanded to provide a supply of the material. Water‐based extraction methods are advisable due to the high solubility of the PBP.ObjectivesExtraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized water extraction (PWE) are popular due to their environmental friendliness, better extraction efficiency, and faster extraction process. In this paper, efficiency of the two methods is compared.Materials and MethodsPWE along with UAE is utilized for release of PBP from the AP cells. The extraction parameters including time, temperature, pressure, and ultrasound intensity are tested to obtain the most efficient setup. The methods were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the replicates of PWE extracts were further analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing with laser‐induced fluorescence (cIEF‐LIF).ResultsThe developed PWE method using higher pressure treatment at lower temperature was significantly faster than UAE methods, and the SDS‐PAGE results showed a high content of phycobiliproteins in the extracts. cIEF‐LIF analysis showed that the sequential PWE of individual samples was repeatable, and the mild extraction provided a fluorescent profile similar to the commercially available C‐phycocyanin standard.ConclusionPressurized water extraction was shown to be an efficient, rapid, and well‐automated extraction method for AP proteins in general, including bioactive phycobiliproteins. Obtained results encourage the use of PWE in small‐scale analytical applications for primary extraction of proteins.
Application of graph theory in liver research: A review
Authors: Hu Xumei , Sun Longyu , Zheng Rencheng , Xia Xueqin , Liu Meng , Chen Weibo , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Chengyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGraph theory has emerged as a valuable tool in liver research, aiding in the assessment of complex interactions underlying liver diseases at different organizational levels. This has allowed significant advancements in the detection, treatment, and control of liver disorders. Particularly, graph theory is useful in identifying different liver diseases. Graph theory can be used to analyze liver networks and identify altered nodes and edges, which may serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers for disease detection. Furthermore, graph‐based techniques, including graph neural networks and graph knowledge, have been employed to construct interaction networks, providing insights into the communication involved in focal liver diseases and related conditions such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), hepatic muscular atrophy, and hepatic necrosis. Functional networks for the liver have also been developed with graph‐based methods, providing insights into the metabolic processes occurring in the liver and the functional organization of the liver. Graph theory is also useful for image analysis, with applications such as image segmentation, registration, synthesis, and object identification. By representing images as graphs, it is possible to analyze and process them with graph‐based algorithms, handling complex relationships among pixels and making them useful in boundary extraction and texture analysis. Overall, graph theory is an essential research tool for liver research, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions underlying liver diseases as well as innovative approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Emergency Department Admission in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Selmanoglu Ahmet , Yaytokgil Sule Buyuk , Yozgat Ayca Koca , Toyran Muge , Mısırlıoglu Emine Dibek , Ozbek Namık Yasar , Civelek Ersoy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency and cause of anemia in childhood. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common public health problem in Turkey as in the rest of the World. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, affecting approximately 10% of the population in developing countries. There are very few reports available in the medical literature regarding the association of childhood asthma and anemia, as well as the effects of anemia on asthma. This study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between serum iron levels of asthmatic patients and their frequency of emergency admission for asthma exacerbation treatment.MethodsThe patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of asthma for at least 12 months at the Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, whose current age is below 21, and whose serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin levels were checked between 2017 and 2019, were included in the study.ResultsIn the assessment of 612 patients diagnosed with asthma, 105 individuals, constituting 18.4% of those under asthma follow‐up, were identified as having anemia. Additionally, ID not progressing to anemia was observed in 120 patients, accounting for 21.1% of the total. Individuals with IDA and/or ID alone experienced a significantly higher frequency of emergency admissions for asthma exacerbations. Moreover, ID and/or IDA were established as independent risk factors linked to emergency admissions for asthma exacerbations. odds ratio = 1.56, confidence interval = 1.06–2.30 p = 0.022.ConclusionIn conclusion, it may be recommended to follow up the hemoglobin and iron parameters of asthmatic patients and to take nutritional and/or supportive preparations to keep them at a high level.
Structural Basis for the Essential Role of Ca2+ in the Lytic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus PlyGRCS Endolysin Targeting Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Krishnappa Gopinatha , Nagaraj Harshitha , SureshKumar Harshavardini Bakthavatsalam , Mandal Mitali , Padavattan Sivaraman , Bahubali Veenakumari Haradara , Thiyagarajan Saravanamuthu , Padmanabhan Balasundaram 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections, from mild skin conditions to severe, life‐threatening diseases. Bacteriophage endolysins exhibit a selective capacity to degrade the peptidoglycan layer of Gram‐positive bacteria, making promising biotherapeutic agents against antibiotic‐resistant infections. PlyGRCS, a specific endolysin derived from S. aureus, comprises a catalytic CHAP domain and a cell‐wall binding SH3_5 domain connected by a linker. Ca2+ ions are essential for the CHAP domain's catalytic function. The crystal structure of PlyGRCS, determined in the absence of Ca2+ and refined to a resolution of 1.67 Å, revealed significant conformational changes in the Ca2+ binding site. Antimicrobial assays with Ca2+‐deficient PlyGRCS and mutants targeting key residues in the catalytic and Ca2+ binding regions highlighted the importance of specific functional residues for lytic activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These structural and microbial studies provide valuable insights into the critical residues contributing to PlyGRCS's bacteriolytic efficacy against MRSA.
Spraying calcium chloride helps to enhance the resistance of kidney bean plants to western flower thrips
Authors: Zeng Guang , Zhang Tao , Yue Wen‐bo , Tian Shan‐jun , Cao Yu , Ye Mao , Zhi Jun‐rui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a significant pest in horticulture and ornamental agriculture. While exogenous calcium (Ca) has been shown to confer plant immune responses against thrips, the detailed mechanisms of this interaction remain to be elucidated for improved thrips management strategies. This study aimed to assess the impact of exogenous Ca on WFT feeding behavior and to explore its role in enhancing the defense mechanisms of kidney bean plants against WFT attacks. We compared WFT feeding preferences and efficiency on kidney bean plants treated with H2O or Ca, and examined whether exogenous Ca improves plant defense responses to thrips attack.RESULTSWFT exhibited less preference for feeding on Ca‐treated plants over H2O‐treated ones. The total duration of WFT's long‐ingestion probes was significantly reduced on Ca‐treated plants, indicating impaired feeding efficiency. Furthermore, WFT infestation activated both jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways in kidney bean plants, and exogenous Ca application led to elevated levels of endogenous Ca2+ and CaM, up‐regulation of genes associated with JA and SA pathways (LOX, AOS, PAL, and β‐1,3‐glucanase), and increased accumulation of JA, SA, flavonoids, and alkaloids.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that the application of exogenous Ca enhances endogenous Ca2+, JA, and SA signaling pathways in kidney bean plants. This enhancement results in an up‐regulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and alkaloid, thereby equipping the plants with an enhanced defense against WFT infestation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Buczkowski Grzegorz , Wossler Theresa 
Published: December 2024

The cover image is based on the article Fipronil‐infused sodium polyacrylate gels provide effective management of Argentine ants in conservation areas by Grzegorz Buczkowski and Theresa Wossler https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8409.
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Role of Flavonoids in Mitigating the Pathological Complexities and Treatment Hurdles in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chib Shivani , Dutta Bhaskar Jyoti , Chalotra Rishabh , Abubakar Md , Kumar Puneet , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Singh Randhir 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the passage of time, people step toward old age and become more prone to several diseases associated with the age. One such is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which results into neuronal damage and dementia with the progression of age. The existing therapeutics has been hindered by various enkindles like less eminent between remote populations, affordability issues and toxicity profiles. Moreover, lack of suitable therapeutic option further worsens the quality of life in older population. Developing an efficient therapeutic intervention to cure AD is still a challenge for medical fraternity. Recently, alternative approaches attain the attention of researchers to focus on plant‐based therapy in mitigating AD. In this context, flavonoids gained centrality as a feasible treatment in modifying various neurological deficits. This review mainly focuses on the pathological facets and economic burden of AD. Furthermore, we have explored the possible mechanism of flavonoids with the preclinical and clinical aspects for curing AD. Flavonoids being potential therapeutic, target the pathogenic factors of AD such as oxidative stress, inflammation, metal toxicity, Aβ accumulation, modulate neurotransmission and insulin signaling. In this review, we emphasized on potential neuroprotective effects of flavonoids in AD pathology, with focus on both experimental and clinical findings. While preclinical studies suggest promising therapeutic benefits, clinical data remains limited and inconclusive. Thus, further high‐quality clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of flavonoids in AD. The study aim is to promote the plant‐based therapies and encourage people to add flavonoids to regular diet to avail the beneficial effects in preventive therapy for AD.
Forced Degradation Study of an Anti‐Diabetic Drug Imeglimin: Impurity Profiling and Structure Elucidation Using LC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS and NMR
Authors: Gogikar Shiva Kumar , Sen Sibu , Pathinti Shivashankar , Samanthula Gananadhamu , Dikundwar Amol G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleThe present study aims to establish structures of the degradation products of an anti‐diabetic drug, Imeglimin (IMG) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the year 2021. Degradation pathways are proposed along with in silico toxicity assessments of the observed degradation products (DPs) of the drug.MethodsA reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), equipped with a photodiode array detector, was used to separate the observed DPs with a Phenomenex Luna PFP (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, using 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.5) and methanol as mobile phase. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for structural elucidation. Zeneth and Derek suites were used for in silico assessments.ResultsA total of four degradation products were observed, which were successfully separated on an RP‐HPLC. The structural characterization of three of the four DPs was achieved using LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS by employing electro spray ionization as well as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Additionally, DP‐3 was isolated using a preparative HPLC and was characterized by NMR. Computationally predicted structures were compared with the experimental observations.ConclusionAn HPLC method, capable of separating the Imeglimin and its four DPs, was developed and validated as per the ICH Q2(R1) guideline. Structure elucidation reveals a variety of products with metformin as one of the identified DPs along with a metabolite. The toxicity potential of DPs was assessed through docking studies.
Generation Alpha as Corporate Sustainability Promoters? Young Employees' Expectations Regarding Corporate Sustainability and ICT
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Katarzyna , Różańska‐Bińczyk Izabela , Mizera‐Pęczek Patrycja , Syper‐Jędrzejak Marzena , Łuczak Paweł 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe modern labor market is defined by the simultaneous presence of multiple generations, each possessing distinct values, professional objectives, and expectations toward employers. The youngest cohort, known as Generation Alpha, now entering the labor market, is shaped by the forces of digitalization, globalization, and the growing significance of social issues. The current study aimed to identify Generation Alpha expectations about employers' involvement in corporate sustainability practices and the implementation of ICT in the workplace, as well as to determine the relationship between these expectations. The research inquiry posed was: What are the expectations of the youngest cohort entering the labor market with respect to corporate sustainability and the use of ICT in professional settings? Corporate sustainability has been defined as a three‐dimensional construct that encompasses social, ecological, and economic dimensions. The research was carried out in Poland using an online survey methodology with a sample of 446 respondents selected by quota sampling. The findings corroborated that Generation Alpha places significant importance on corporate sustainability across three dimensions: economic, social, and ecological, with a prominent emphasis on economic security as their priority. It is crucial that members of Generation Alpha, who express expectations regarding the economic dimension of corporate sustainability, also anticipate solutions that address the social and ecological aspects. They perceive ICT in the workplace as a tool that supports the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Our study provides an original and innovative contribution to the academic literature and addresses a research gap regarding the expectations of Generation Alpha.
Ultra‐Long Lifespan Aqueous Zinc‐Iodine Batteries Enabled by a Defect‐Rich Covalent Triazine Framework
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Wang Yiyang , Han Yanpeng , Hu Chuangang , Xue Wenjuan , Liu Dong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous Zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs) are widely viewed as promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, they encounter great challenges such as grievous polyiodides shuttle and sluggish iodine (I2) redox reaction kinetics, thus undesirable cycling performance. Here a high‐performance ZIB with an ultra‐long lifespan is reported through the rational I2 cathode catalyst design. Specifically, a covalent triazine framework with defect‐rich sites and micro‐mesoporous structure (i.e., CTF500) is developed as an effective I2 cathode catalyst. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of micro‐mesoporous structure and defect‐rich sites for the confinement and conversion of I2 species, the resulting ZIBs with I2 loaded CTF500 (I2@CTF500) cathode show an ultra‐long lifespan over 75,000 cycles at 5 A g−1, and an impressive cyclic performance over 15,000 cycles at high I2 loading of 3.59 mg cm−2, highlighting its commercial application prospect. In/ex situ spectral characterizations combined with theoretical calculations clearly reveal the reversible reaction mechanism of I2 species in I2@CTF500 cathode and the essential role of defect‐rich sites in boosting the performance of ZIBs. This work not only guides the design of advanced I2 cathodes for metal–iodine batteries but also expands the range of possible applications for defect‐rich CTFs.