bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8+CD73+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer patients are linked to diminished T cell infiltration and activation in tumor tissue
Authors: Panigrahi Soumya , Bazdar Douglas A. , Albakri Marwah , Ferrari Brian , Antonelli Christopher J. , Freeman Michael L. , Dubyak George , Zender Chad , Sieg Scott F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies have implicated a role for adenosine‐dependent immunosuppression in head and neck tumor microenvironments. We describe expression of CD73, an enzyme critical to the generation of adenosine from extracellular AMP, in T cells and other cell types within human head and neck tumors. Flow cytometric analyses of tumor‐infiltrating cells indicate that CD3+ cells are the predominant source of CD73 among immune infiltrating cells and that CD73 expression, especially among CD8+ T cells, is inversely related to indices of T cell infiltration and T cell activation in the microenvironment of head and neck tumors. We provide evidence that CD73 expression on peripheral T cells and levels of soluble CD73 in circulation are correlated with CD73 expression on CD8+ T cells in tumors. Moreover, fluorescent microscopy studies reveal that CD8+CD73+ cells are observed in close proximity to tumor cells as well as in surrounding tissue. In vitro studies with peripheral blood T cells indicate that anti‐CD3‐stimulation causes loss of CD73 expression, especially among cells that undergo proliferation and that exogenous AMP can impair T cell proliferation, while sustaining CD73 expression. These data suggest that CD8+CD73+ T cells may be especially important mediators of immunosuppression in human head and neck cancer.
Generalizability of harm and pain expectations after exposure in chronic low back pain patients
Authors: Riecke Jenny , Rief Winfried , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Glombiewski Julia A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExposure treatments are shown to be effective in reducing pain‐related fear and the perceived harmfulness of physical activities. However, due to the fragility of extinction its stability is questionable. We investigated the generalizability of exposure effects in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients by integrating a behavioral test in the context of an intervention study.MethodsThe study is an additional analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of exposure in vivo. A total of 67 CLBP patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: Exposure‐short (EXP‐S); exposure‐long (EXP‐L) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Participants rated the expected harmfulness of daily activities (Photograph Series of Daily Activities) before and after therapy. Post‐treatment participants were confronted with an individually tailored, threatening movement in a new context. Harm and pain expectations before the exposure were compared to the actual experience after exposure.ResultsWe found that EXP leads to more strongly reduced harm expectations (F(2,50) = 11.37, p < .001, η2 = 0.31) compared to CBT, regardless of the duration of EXP. After therapy, patients expected less harm (F(2,50) = 3.61, p = .034, η2 = 0.13) but not less pain (F(2,50) = 3.61, p = .034, η2 = 0.13) when confronted with a novel movement.ConclusionsExposure successfully reduced harm but not pain expectations in patients with CLBP. Further, preliminary results showed that these specific exposure effects were generalized to a novel activity in a different context outside therapy.SignificanceThis study investigats the generalizability and stability of exposure effects in patients with CLBP by combining a behavioral test with an intervention study. We found strong and stable effects on harm expectations but not on pain expectations. Results show promising preliminary evidence that reduced harm expectations can be generalized to a novel threatening activity in a new context. Clinical implications of our findings suggest that exposure treatment would benefit from a clear focus on harm expectations.
Process adapted calibration improves fluorometric pH sensor precision in sophisticated fermentation processes
Authors: Newton Joseph , Oeggl Reinhard , Janzen Nils H. , Abad Sandra , Reinisch Daniela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMiniaturization and automation have become increasingly popular in bioprocess development in recent years, enabling rapid high‐throughput screening and optimization of process conditions. In addition, advances in the bioprocessing industry have led to increasingly complex process designs, such as pH and temperature shifts, in microbial fed‐batch fermentations for optimal soluble protein expression in a range of hosts. However, in order to develop an accurate scale‐down model for bioprocess screening and optimization, small‐scale bioreactors must be able to accurately reproduce these complex process designs. Monitoring methods, such as fluorometric‐based pH sensors, provide elegant solutions for the miniaturization of bioreactors, however, previous research suggests that the intrinsic fluorescence of biomass alters the sigmoidal calibration curve of fluorometric pH sensors, leading to inaccurate pH control. In this article, we present results investigating the impact of biomass on the accuracy of a commercially available fluorometric pH sensor. Subsequently, we present our calibration methodology for more precise online measurement and provide recommendations for improved pH control in sophisticated fermentation processes.
Strength‐reduction factors for the design of light nonstructural elements in buildings
Authors: Kazantzi Athanasia K. , Miranda Eduardo , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2020

SummaryStrength‐reduction factors that reduce ordinates of floor spectra acceleration due to nonlinearity in the secondary system are investigated. In exchange for permitting some inelastic deformation to occur in the secondary system or its supports, these strength reduction factors allow to design the nonstructural elements or their supports for lateral forces that are smaller than those that would be required to maintain them elastically during earthquakes. This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis on component strength‐reduction factors that were computed considering floor motions recorded on instrumented buildings in California during various earthquakes. The effect of yielding in the component or its anchorage/bracing in offering protection against excessive component acceleration demands is investigated. It is shown that strength‐reduction factors computed from floor motions are significantly different from those computed from ground motions recorded on rock or on firm soils. In particular, they exhibit much larger reductions for periods tuned or nearly tuned to the dominant modal periods of the building response. This is due to the large differences in frequency content of ground motions and floor motions, with the former typically characterized by wide‐band spectra whereas the latter are characterized by narrow‐band spectra near periods of dominant modes in the response of the building. Finally, the study provides approximate equations to estimate component strength‐reduction factors computed through nonlinear regression analyses.
Regionally encoded functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in health and disease: A perspective
Authors: Clarke Benjamin E. , Taha Doaa M. , Tyzack Giulia E. , Patani Rickie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition of their diverse and evolving roles in the central neuraxis, astrocytes now represent a tractable cellular target for therapies aiming to restore neural circuit integrity in a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the determinants of astrocyte physiology along with the true extent of heterogeneity in their regional and subregional functions will ultimately inform therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Complement in Patients With Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Fan Xiude , McCullough Rebecca L. , Huang Emily , Bellar Annette , Kim Adam , Poulsen Kyle L. , McClain Craig J. , Mitchell Mack , McCullough Arthur J. , Radaeva Svetlana , Barton Bruce , Szabo Gyongyi , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Rotroff Daniel M. , Nagy Laura E. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Given the lack of effective therapies and high mortality in acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH), it is important to develop rationally designed biomarkers for effective disease management. Complement, a critical component of the innate immune system, contributes to uncontrolled inflammatory responses leading to liver injury, but is also involved in hepatic regeneration. Here, we investigated whether a panel of complement proteins and activation products would provide useful biomarkers for severity of AH and aid in predicting 90‐day mortality.

Approach and Results
Plasma samples collected at time of diagnosis from 254 patients with moderate and severe AH recruited from four medical centers and 31 healthy persons were used to quantify complement proteins by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex arrays. Components of the classical and lectin pathways, including complement factors C2, C4b, and C4d, as well as complement factor I (CFI) and C5, were reduced in AH patients compared to healthy persons. In contrast, components of the alternative pathway, including complement factor Ba (CFBa) and factor D (CFD), were increased. Markers of complement activation were also differentially evident, with C5a increased and the soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b9) decreased in AH. Mannose‐binding lectin, C4b, CFI, C5, and sC5b9 were negatively correlated with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, whereas CFBa and CFD were positively associated with disease severity. Lower CFI and sC5b9 were associated with increased 90‐day mortality in AH.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data indicate that AH is associated with a profound disruption of complement. Inclusion of complement, especially CFI and sC5b9, along with other laboratory indicators, could improve diagnostic and prognostic indications of disease severity and risk of mortality for AH patients.
Evaluation of high‐flow rate continuous‐flow centrifugation and filtration devices for sampling and concentrating fine‐grained suspended sediment
Authors: Goharrokhi Masoud , Lobb David A. , Owens Philip N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFine‐grained (<63 μm) suspended sediment is an important vector for transporting contaminants in aquatic systems. Characterization of physical and biogeochemical properties of suspended sediment usually requires bulk samples to assess its quality and to determine its source. Low‐flow rate (~2 to 4 L min−1) continuous‐flow centrifugation (CFC) systems may need a time period from several hours to one day to collect such samples, and thus, due to their low inflow rate, limits application of these devices. A field study was conducted in three different freshwater systems in Manitoba, Canada to examine and compare the performance of two high‐flow rate systems as alternative approaches: the M512 continuous‐flow centrifuge (M512); and continuous filtration using PENTEK 1 μm filtration bags (filtration system). It was determined that the mass collection efficiency (MCE) for the M512 (in absolute terms) was similar to low‐flow rate CFC systems. As with low‐flow rate CFC systems, the M512 preferentially collected particles of a certain size range (i.e., in the case of M512, particles ≥ 0.83 μm) and accordingly this may affect the collection of a truly geochemically and physically representative sample in waters containing a high proportion of finer particles (≤1 μm). Several filtration systems in series improved its MCE performance and, in terms of total collected mass, this configuration appears to be as efficient as the low‐flow rate CFC systems in an equivalent sampling time. The results of this study confirmed that, in nearly all cases, the filtration system collected a representative sample of ambient suspended sediment, in terms of particle size composition, and geochemical and colour properties. In practice, it is suggested that the filtration systems in series have advantages over M512 as the filtration system is more portable and cost‐effective with a lower power demand.
Guidance for gynecologists utilizing telemedicine during COVID‐19 pandemic based on expert consensus and rapid literature reviews
Authors: Grimes Cara L. , Balk Ethan M. , Dieter Alexis A. , Singh Ruchira , Wieslander Cecilia K. , Jeppson Peter C. , Aschkenazi Sarit O. , Kim Jin Hee , Truong Mireille D. , Gupta Ankita S. , Keltz Julia G. , Hobson Deslyn T.G. , Sheyn David , Petruska Sara E. , Adam Gaelen , Meriwether Kate V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has impacted delivery of outpatient gynecology and shifted care toward use of telemedicine.ObjectiveTo rapidly review literature and society guidelines and create expert consensus to provide guidance regarding management of outpatient gynecology scenarios via telemedicine.Search strategySearches were conducted in Medline and Cochrane databases from inception through April 15, 2020.Selection criteriaLiterature searches were conducted for articles on telemedicine and abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, vaginitis, and postoperative care. Searches were restricted to available English language publications.Data collection and analysisExpedited literature review methodology was followed and 10 943 citations were single‐screened. Full‐text articles and relevant guidelines were reviewed and narrative summaries developed.Main resultsFifty‐one studies on the use of telemedicine in gynecology were found. Findings were reported for these studies and combined with society guidelines and expert consensus on four topics (abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis, vaginal discharge, and postoperative care).ConclusionsGuidance for treating gynecological conditions via telemedicine based on expedited literature review, review of society recommendations, and expert consensus is presented. Due to minimal evidence surrounding telemedicine and gynecology, a final consensus document is presented here that can be efficiently used in a clinical setting.
Calcium sulfate‐containing glass polyalkenoate cement for revision total knee arthroplasty fixation
Authors: Hasandoost Leyla , Alhalawani Adel , Rodriguez Omar , Rahimnejad Yazdi Alireza , Zalzal Paul , Schemitsch Emil H. , Waldman Stephen D. , Papini Marcello , Towler Mark R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used as a minor void filler in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The application of PMMA is indicated only for peripheral bone defects with less than 5 mm depth and that cover less than 50% of the bone surface. Treating bone defects with PMMA results in complications as a result of volumetric shrinkage, bone necrosis, and aseptic loosening. These concerns have driven the development of alternative bone cements. We report here on novel modified glass polyalkenoate cements (mGPCs) containing 1, 5 and 15 wt% calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and how the modified cements' properties compare to those of PMMA used in rTKA. CaSO4 is incorporated into the mGPC to improve both osteoconductivity and bioresorbability. The results confirm that the incorporation of CaSO4 into mGPCs decreases the setting time and increases release of therapeutic ions such as Ca2+ and Zn2+ over 30 days of maturation in deionized (DI) water. Moreover, the compressive strength for 5 and 15 wt% CaSO4 addition increased to over 30 MPa after 30 day maturation. Although the overall initial compressive strength of the mGPC (~ 30 MPa) is less than PMMA (~ 95 MPa), the compressive strength of mGPC is closer to that of cancellous bone (~ 1.2–7.8 MPa). CaSO4 addition did not affect biaxial flexural strength. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated no cross‐linking between CaSO4 and the GPC after 30 days. in vivo tests are required to determine the effects the modified GPCs as alternative on PMMA in rTKA.
Sex- and Site-Specific Reference Data for Bone Microarchitecture in Adults Measured Using Second-Generation HR-pQCT
Authors: Whittier Danielle E , Burt Lauren A , Hanley David A , Boyd Steven K 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
There are currently no population-based reference data sets available for volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitecture parameters measured using the second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), yet the technology is rapidly becoming a standard for studies of bone microarchitecture. Although cross-calibrated data sets from the first-generation HR-pQCT have been reported, they are not suitable for second-generation bone microarchitecture properties because of fundamental differences between scanner generations. This study provides site- and sex-specific centile curves across the adult life span for second-generation HR-pQCT properties. A total of 1236 adult participants (768 female and 468 male) from the Calgary area between the ages of 18 and 90 years were scanned at the distal tibia and radius using the second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone densities, microarchitectural properties, and failure load estimated using finite element analysis were determined using standard in vivo protocol. Site- and sex-specific centile curves were generated using the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) method. These data provide reference curves appropriate for predominantly white male and female adults, which can be used as a tool to assess patient- or cohort-specific bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Density functional theory studies of effects of boron replacement on the structure and property of RDX and HMX
Authors: Wu Qiong , Yan Gaojie , Li Mingquan , Hu Qinnan , Zhang Zewu , Zhu Weihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, based on two model nitramine compounds hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5, 7‐tetrazocine (HMX), two series of new energetic molecules were designed by replacing carbon atoms in the ring with different amounts of boron atoms, their structures and performances were investigated theoretically by the density functional theory method. The results showed that the boron replacement could affect the molecular shape and electronic structure of RDX and HMX greatly, and then would do harm to the main performance like the heat of formation, density, and sensitivity. However, the compound RDX‐B2 is an exception; it was formed by replacing two boron atoms into the system of RDX and has the symmetric boat‐like structure. Its oxygen balance (4.9%), density (1.91 g/cm3), detonation velocity (8.85 km/s), and detonation pressure (36.9 GPa) are all higher than RDX. Furthermore, RDX‐B2 has shorter and stronger NNO2 bonds than RDX, making it possesses lower sensitivity (45 cm) and better thermal stability (the bond dissociation energy for the NNO2 bond is 204.7 kJ/mol) than RDX. Besides, RDX‐B1 and HMX‐B4 also have good overall performance; these three new molecules may be regarded as a new potential candidate for high energy density compounds.
Bone marrow particle enrichment analysis for the laboratory diagnosis of multiple myeloma: A case study
Authors: Zhang Congming , Zhang Yanan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBone marrow smear and biopsy are the main methods for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM), bone marrow infiltration, and metastasis in lymphoma and cancer. However, several factors, including the focal growth of tumor cells, inappropriate puncture sites, and hemodilution of bone marrow aspirates, lower the rate of target cell detection. To solve this problem, we developed a novel method—bone marrow particle enrichment analysis—and here, we describe this procedure and its use in the diagnosis of a rare case of MM.MethodsAn 88‐year‐old man with primary gastric gamma delta T‐cell lymphoma (γδTCL) was found to have anemia. As the cause of anemia could not be determined, hemodilution was suspected, warranting the re‐examination of the bone marrow aspirate. Re‐puncture could not be performed because of the patient's age and unwillingness to undergo this procedure. Hence, we used a novel approach to enrich bone marrow particles and isolate marrow cells, and subsequently performed morphological and flow cytometric analysis.ResultsExaminations performed after bone marrow particle enrichment revealed the presence of myeloma cells, and the patient was diagnosed with primary gastric γδTCL accompanied by MM.ConclusionsBone marrow particle enrichment analysis may be applied to overcome the problems caused by hemodilution of bone marrow aspirates and to improve the rate of tumor cell detection. The application of this method for the diagnosis of hematological disorders should be explored further.
Is aquaporin‐3 involved in water‐permeability changes in the killifish during hypoxia and normoxic recovery, in freshwater or seawater?
Authors: Ruhr Ilan M. , Wood Chris M. , Schauer Kevin L. , Wang Yadong , Mager Edward M. , Stanton Bruce , Grosell Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAquaporins are the predominant water‐transporting proteins in vertebrates, but only a handful of studies have investigated aquaporin function in fish, particularly in mediating water permeability during salinity challenges. Even less is known about aquaporin function in hypoxia (low oxygen), which can profoundly affect gill function. Fish deprived of oxygen typically enlarge gill surface area and shrink the water‐to‐blood diffusion distance, to facilitate oxygen uptake into the bloodstream. However, these alterations to gill morphology can result in unfavorable water and ion fluxes. Thus, there exists an osmorespiratory compromise, whereby fish must try to balance high branchial gas exchange with low ion and water permeability. Furthermore, the gills of seawater and freshwater teleosts have substantially different functions with respect to osmotic and ion fluxes; consequently, hypoxia can have very different effects according to the salinity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine what role aquaporins play in water permeability in the hypoxia‐tolerant euryhaline common killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), in two important osmoregulatory organs—the gills and intestine. Using immunofluorescence, we localized aquaporin‐3 (AQP3) protein to the basolateral and apical membranes of ionocytes and enterocytes, respectively. Although hypoxia increased branchial AQP3 messenger‐RNA expression in seawater and freshwater, protein abundance did not correlate. Indeed, hypoxia did not alter AQP3 protein abundance in seawater and reduced it in the cell membranes of freshwater gills. Together, these observations suggest killifish AQP3 contributes to reduced diffusive water flux during hypoxia and normoxic recovery in freshwater and facilitates intestinal permeability in seawater and freshwater.