bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Osiac Eugen , Mitran Smaranda Ioana , Manea Cătălin Nicolae , Cojocaru Alexandru , Rosu Gabriela‐Camelia , Osiac Mariana , Pirici Daniel Nicolae , Bălșeanu Adrian Tudor , Cătălin Bogdan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWorldwide elderly traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients tend to become an increasing burden to the society. Thus, a faster and less expensive way of evaluating TBI victims is needed. In the present study we investigated if optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be used as such a method. By using an animal model, we established if OCT can detect cortical changes in the acute phase of a penetrating TBI, in young (5–7 months) and old (20–22 months) rats. Due to the long‐term evolution of TBI's, we wanted to investigate to what extent OCT could detect changes within the cortex in the chronic phase. Adult (7–12 months) male rats were used. Surprisingly, OCT imaging of the normal hemisphere was able to discriminate age‐related differences in the mean gray values (MGV) of recorded pixels (p = .032). Furthermore, in the acute phase of TBI, OCT images recorded at 24 hr after the injury showed differences between the apparent damaged area of young and aged animals. Changes of MGV and skewness were only recorded 48 hr after injury. Monitoring the chronical evolution of the TBI with OCT revealed changes over time exceeding the normal range recorded for MGV, skewness and kurtosis, 14 and 21 days after TBI. Although in the present study we still used an extremely invasive approach, as technology improves, less invasive and non‐harmful ways of recording OCT may allow for an objective way to detect changes within the brain structure after brain injuries.
BRCA1/2 mutations and risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy among Latinas: The UPTAKE study
Authors: Lynce Filipa , Schlam Ilana , Geng Xue , Peshkin Beth N. , Friedman Sue , Dutil Julie , Nahleh Zeina , Campos Claudia , Ricker Charité , Rodriguez Patricia , Denduluri Neelima , Ahn Jaeil , Isaacs Claudine , Graves Kristi D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO) is a risk management approach with strong evidence of mortality reduction for women with germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2). Few studies to date have evaluated uptake of BSO in women from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds who carry BRCA1/2 mutations. The objective of the UPTAKE study was to explore rates and predictors of risk‐reducing BSO among Latinas affected and unaffected with breast cancer who had a deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation. We recruited 100 Latina women with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations from community hospitals, academic health systems, community, and advocacy organizations. Women completed interviews in Spanish or English. We obtained copies of genetic test reports for participants who provided signed medical release. After performing threefold cross‐validation LASSO for variable selection, we used multiple logistic regression to identify demographic and clinical predictors of BSO. Among 100 participants, 68 had undergone BSO at the time of interview. Of these 68, 35 were US‐born (61% of all US‐born participants) and 33 were not (77% of the non‐US‐born participants). Among Latinas with BRCA1/2 mutations, older age (p = 0.004), personal history of breast cancer (p = 0.003), higher income (p = 0.002), and not having a full‐time job (p = 0.027) were identified as variables significantly associated with uptake of BSO. Results suggest a high rate of uptake of risk‐reducing BSO among a sample of Latinas with BRCA1/2 mutations living in the US. We document factors associated with BSO uptake in a diverse sample of women. Relevant to genetic counseling, our findings identify possible targets for supporting Latinas’ decision‐making about BSO following receipt of a positive BRCA1/2 test.
Perceived barriers to paternal expanded carrier screening following a positive maternal result: To screen or not to screen
Authors: Carlotti Katherine , Hines Karrie , Weida Jennifer , Lah Melissa , Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExpanded carrier screening identifies individuals who are at risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive condition. The most accurate risk assessment requires that both mother and father undergo carrier screening to determine whether they are carriers of the same autosomal recessive condition. A couple identified as carriers of the same condition has a 25% chance of having a child with that condition. However, the father does not always opt for carrier screening following a positive result in the mother. This study aimed to identify barriers that prevent the father from carrier screening after a positive finding in the mother. A total of 58 women participated in this study. All participants had undergone expanded carrier screening prior to the study and had met with a genetic counselor for a pre‐test, informed consent session. Of the 58 women, 34 had partners who did not undergo screening and 24 had partners who did. Participants completed a survey to determine the barriers that prevented the father of the baby's participation. We report that the mother's insurance type, whether the father has insurance, relationship status, and knowledge of the carrier screen showed statistically significant differences between women whose partners underwent screening and those that did not. In summary, our finding suggests that increasing insurance coverage of paternal screening and improving the patient's knowledge of the expanded screen would encourage paternal screening.
Positive and negative professionalism experiences of genetic counseling students in the United States and Canada
Authors: Aamodt Pauline , Wetherill Leah , Delk Paula , Torres‐Martinez Wilfredo , Vance Gail H. , Wesson Melissa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany aspects of genetic counseling training programs have been examined over the years. However, no study has explored professional or unprofessional behaviors genetic counseling graduate students experience during their training, and how these behaviors influence satisfaction with their training. This exploratory study examined students’ experiences with program leaders, instructors, supervisors, and other trainees. Specific experiences included actions of favoritism, bias, negativity, abuse of power, and examples of positive role modeling. A survey was sent to all members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors and program directors in order to reach graduates of Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC)‐accredited programs from 2015–2019 who were eligible to participate. Responses to questions relating to demographics, satisfaction with graduate education, behaviors experienced or seen during graduate school, and reporting of inappropriate behaviors were collected and analyzed. Results demonstrated that 95% of the genetic counseling graduates were highly satisfied with their graduate education and those who experienced inappropriate behaviors during their training were somewhat less satisfied (p = .04). Individuals who felt more prepared by their graduate education were more satisfied with their graduate education (p < .01). Being publicly embarrassed or humiliated, being made to feel like a burden in clinic, or being subjected to negative or offensive behavior based on their personal beliefs or personal characteristics (excluding areas of gender, race/ethnicity, or sexual orientation) were all negatively associated with satisfaction (all p < .04). We conclude that this survey could serve as a “Genetic Counseling Training Experiences Assessment” which could be incorporated into annual evaluations required by the ACGC. Implementation of this assessment would enhance the current evaluations of genetic counseling training programs and provide important information regarding student experiences during their training.
Clinical features of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity in patients with malignant lymphoma who received a CHOP regimen with or without rituximab: A single‐center, retrospective observational study
Authors: Nakayama Takafumi , Oshima Yoshiko , Kusumoto Shigeru , Yamamoto Junki , Osaga Satoshi , Fujinami Haruna , Kikuchi Takaki , Suzuki Tomotaka , Totani Haruhito , Kinoshita Shiori , Narita Tomoko , Ito Asahi , Ri Masaki , Komatsu Hirokazu , Wakami Kazuaki , Goto Toshihiko , Sugiura Tomonori , Seo Yoshihiro , Ohte Nobuyuki , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated the incidence of cardiotoxicity, its risk factors, and the clinical course of cardiac function in patients with malignant lymphoma (ML) who received a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) regimen. Among all ML patients who received a CHOP regimen with or without rituximab from January 2008 to December 2017 in Nagoya City University hospital, 229 patients who underwent both baseline and follow‐up echocardiography and had baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% were analyzed, retrospectively. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a ≥10% decline in LVEF and LVEF < 50%; recovery from cardiotoxicity was defined as a ≥5% increase in LVEF and LVEF ≥50%. Re‐cardiotoxicity was defined as meeting the criteria of cardiotoxicity again. With a median follow‐up of 1132 days, cardiotoxicity, symptomatic heart failure, and cardiovascular death were observed in 48 (21%), 30 (13%), and 5 (2%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that history of ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio (HR), 3.15; 95% CI, 1.17‐8.47, P = .023) and decreased baseline LVEF (HR per 10% increase, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.49‐4.06; P < .001) were independent risk factors for cardiotoxicity. Recovery from cardiotoxicity and re‐cardiotoxicity were observed in 21 of 48, and six of 21, respectively. Cardiac condition before chemotherapy seemed to be most relevant for developing cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, Continuous management must be required in patients with cardiotoxicity, even after LVEF recovery.
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 1.Arachnidium fibrosum
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , De Blauwe Hans 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe morphology of ctenostome bryozoans remains little investigated with only few species having been subject to more detailed studies. From all the seven main different superfamilies, only few representatives have been studied. The superfamily Arachnidioidea has particularly been neglected concerning detailed morphological and histological details. So far, not a single analysis specifically studied a representative of the family Arachnidiidae.Arachnidium‐like forms have, however, often been regarded as potential cheilostome ancestors, the most successful group of bryozoans to date. The lack of any morphological data on this family called for a detailed investigation of one of its representatives. Hence, we analysed the general morphology and histology ofArachnidium fibrosum. Most striking morphological features previously unrecognized are a cardiac constrictor, previously almost unknown in the family, a single pair of apertural muscles consisting of proximal parieto‐diaphragmatic and distal parieto‐vestibular muscles, six pairs of duplicature bands, a lophophoral anus and retractor muscles attaching to the foregut. Although comparative data are limited, there seem to be two distinct different clades of arachnidiid ctenostomes that are characterized by their aperture and details of gut morphology. Further analysis of additional arachnidioidean species are required to confirm this.
The antibody response to the glycan α‐Gal correlates with COVID‐19 disease symptoms
Authors: Urra José Miguel , Ferreras‐Colino Elisa , Contreras Marinela , Cabrera Carmen M. , Fernández de Mera Isabel G. , Villar Margarita , Cabezas‐Cruz Alejandro , Gortázar Christian , de la Fuente José 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has affected millions of people worldwide. Characterization of the immunological mechanisms involved in disease symptomatology and protective response is important to progress in disease control and prevention. Humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan Galα1‐3Galβ1‐(3)4GlcNAc‐R (α‐Gal), which resulted in the development of a protective response against pathogenic viruses and other microorganisms containing this modification on membrane proteins mediated by anti‐α‐Gal immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies produced in response to bacterial microbiota. In addition to anti‐α‐Gal antibody‐mediated pathogen opsonization, this glycan induces various immune mechanisms that have shown protection in animal models against infectious diseases without inflammatory responses. In this study, we hypothesized that the immune response to α‐Gal may contribute to the control of COVID‐19. To address this hypothesis, we characterized the antibody response to α‐Gal in patients at different stages of COVID‐19 and in comparison with healthy control individuals. The results showed that while the inflammatory response and the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 (Spike) IgG antibody titers increased, reduction in anti‐α‐Gal IgE, IgM, and IgG antibody titers and alteration of anti‐α‐Gal antibody isotype composition correlated with COVID‐19 severity. The results suggested that the inhibition of the α‐Gal‐induced immune response may translate into more aggressive viremia and severe disease inflammatory symptoms. These results support the proposal of developing interventions such as probiotics based on commensal bacteria with α‐Gal epitopes to modify the microbiota and increase α‐Gal‐induced protective immune response and reduce severity of COVID‐19.
Predictive Utility of the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale in Inter‐Arytenoid Injection Augmentation
Authors: Weinstock Michael S. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Cangilla Kristin , Shaffer Amber D. , Maguire Raymond C. , Tobey Allison B. J. , Simons Jeffrey P. , Padia Reema K. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the utility of preoperative penetration‐aspiration scale (PAS) scores and clinical findings on modified barium swallow (MBS) in predicting advancement of diet after interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA).Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 372 consecutive patients who underwent IAIA for pharyngeal dysphagia between 2009 and 2019 were initially identified. Patients were excluded from the study if they had insufficient preop MBS, no postop MBS within 3 months of injection, supraglottoplasty, or underlying neurological condition. Ninety‐three patients were included in the study. Pre‐ and postoperative PAS scores were recorded, as were pre and postop diets. PAS scores were calculated by a single pediatric speech and language pathologist.ResultsAverage PAS score on MBS was 5.87 (standard deviation [SD] 2.74); median (range) = 8 (1–8). Postop average was 4.29 (SD 3.02); median (range) = 2 (1–8), P < .001. Those with worse preop PAS scores had increased odds of improvement in diet (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.49, P = .029). An improvement in PAS score of 3.0 or greater predicted an improvement in diet with a sensitivity of 76.7% and a specificity of 85.7%.ConclusionsPAS score on MBS can be a useful tool when assessing pediatric patients who may be candidates for IAIA. Prospectively comparing PAS score in patients post‐IAIA to patients solely undergoing diet modification can help to better objectively assess differences in outcomes and understand the full utility of PAS score.Level of EvidenceLevel III (Individual Cohort Study) Laryngoscope, 131:E1707–E1713, 2021
Ability of Bedside Ultrasonography to Detect Pediatric Nasal Bone Fractures
Authors: Gökçen Emre , Savrun Atakan , Kuşdoğan Mikail , Çaltekin İbrahim , Albayrak Levent , Atik Dilek , Vural Sevilay , Savrun Şeyda T. , Yıldırım Gökhan 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic test features of bedside ultrasonography in pediatric patients with nasal trauma and to investigate whether it is a preferable alternative method to conventional radiography (CR).Study DesignCross‐sectional prospective study.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted from March 1, 2019, through November 1, 2019. Thirty‐one patients under the age of 18 years who had nasal trauma were consecutively included. CR and ultrasonographic imaging tests were investigated in patients with clinical indications for nasal bone fracture. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasonography and CR were calculated with respect to detecting nasal fractures according to the gold standard method.ResultsParticipants were between 3 and 16 years old and the median age was 8 (5–13) years. Nasal bone fracture was clinically detected in 18 patients. While 13 of these fractures were detected with ultrasonography, only 11 were also detected with CR. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography and CR in detecting nasal fractures were 72.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.5–90.3) and 76.9% (95% CI: 46.2–95.0) for ultrasonography and 61.1% (95% CI: 35.8–82.7) and 69.2% (95% CI: 38.6–90.9) for CR.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, ultrasonography may be used with confidence as a first imaging method in the investigation of nasal fractures, particularly with consideration for avoiding the effects of radiation as much as possible. Our findings point to the next step of conducting trials with a greater number of patients in order to define the diagnostic test features of ultrasonography in pediatric patients.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 131:1398–1403, 2021
Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Healthcare Workers in the Universal Masking COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Heider Claudia A. , Álvarez Matías L. , Fuentes‐López Eduardo , González Claudia A. , León Norma I. , Verástegui Daniela C. , Badía Pedro I. , Napolitano Carla A. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of voice disorders in healthcare workers of high‐risk hospital care units during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsQuestionnaire survey to healthcare personnel of COVID‐19 high‐risk hospital units was conducted, regarding demographic data, clinical activity, the pattern of usage of personal protective equipment, medical and vocal history, vocal symptoms, and Spanish validated Voice Handicap Index (VHI)‐10 questionnaire.ResultsA total of 221 healthcare workers answered the survey. Nearly 33% of them reported having trouble with their voice during the last month, and 26.24% had an abnormal score in the Spanish validated VHI‐10 questionnaire. The mean VHI‐10 score was 7.92 (95% confidence interval 6.98–8.85). The number of working hours, the number of hours of mask daily use, simultaneous surgical and self‐filtering mask use, and working in intermediate or intensive care units were independent variables significantly associated with a higher VHI‐10 score.ConclusionsHealthcare workers of high‐risk hospital care units during the universal masking COVID‐19 pandemic are at risk of voice disorders.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1227–E1233, 2021
Direct limits of regular Lie groups
Authors: Glöckner Helge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet G be a regular Lie group which is a directed union of regular Lie groups (all modelled on possibly infinite‐dimensional, locally convex spaces). We show that as a regular Lie group if G admits a so‐called direct limit chart. Notably, this allows the regular Lie group of compactly supported diffeomorphisms to be interpreted as a direct limit of the regular Lie groups of diffeomorphisms supported in compact sets , even if the finite‐dimensional smooth manifold M is merely paracompact (but not necessarily σ‐compact), which is new. Similar results are obtained for the test function groups with values in a Lie group F.
Inflammation in Experimental Models of α‐Synucleinopathies
Authors: Harms Ashley S. , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Sette Alessandro , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Sulzer David , Mach Robert H. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTNeuroinflammation has long been associated with central nervous system pathology in α‐synucleinopathy disorders including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. In the past decade, research‐focused efforts in preclinical and experimental models have rallied around this idea, and considerable effort has been made to delineate critical neuroinflammatory processes. In this article, we discuss challenges in preclinical research, notably the use of animal models to recapitulate and dissect disease phenotypes as well as the need for more sensitive, reliable radiotracers to detect on‐target efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments in both human Parkinson's disease as well as preclinical models. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Contribution of perfusion to the 11C‐acetate signal in brown adipose tissue assessed by DCE‐MRI and 68Ga‐DOTA PET in a rat model
Authors: Richard Gabriel , Noll Christophe , Archambault Mélanie , Lebel Réjean , Tremblay Luc , Ait‐Mohand Samia , Guérin Brigitte , Blondin Denis P. , Carpentier André C. , Lepage Martin 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDetermine if dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) ‐MRI and/or 68 gallium 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane N, N′, N″, N‴‐tretraacetic acid (68Ga‐DOTA) positron emission tomography (PET) can assess perfusion in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT). Evaluate changes in perfusion between cold‐stimulated and heat‐inhibited BAT. Determine if the 11C‐acetate pharmacokinetic model can be constrained with perfusion information to improve assessment of BAT oxidative metabolism.MethodsRats were split into three groups. In group 1 (N = 6), DCE‐MRI with gadobutrol was compared directly to 68Ga‐DOTA PET following exposure to 10 °C for 48 h. 11C‐Acetate PET was also performed to assess oxidation. In group 2 (N = 4), only 68Ga‐DOTA PET was acquired following exposure to 10 °C for 48 h. Finally, in group 3 (N = 10), perfusion was assessed with DCE‐MRI in rats exposed to 10 °C or 30 °C for 48 h, and oxidation was measured with 11C‐acetate. Perfusion was quantified with a two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model, while oxidation was assessed by a four‐compartment model.ResultsDCE‐MRI and 68Ga‐DOTA PET provided similar perfusion measures, but a decrease in the perfusion signal was noted with longer imaging sessions. Exposure to 10 °C or 30 °C did not affect the perfusion measures, but the 11C‐acetate signal increased in BAT at 10 °C. Without prior information about blood volume, the 11C‐acetate compartment model overestimated blood volume and underestimated oxidation in 10 °C BAT.ConclusionPrecise assessment of oxidation via 11C‐acetate PET requires prior information about blood volume which can be obtained by DCE‐MRI or 68Ga‐DOTA PET. Since perfusion can change rapidly, simultaneous PET‐MRI would be preferred.