bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Material Development and Equipment Improvement for 3D Gel Printing Using a Commercially-Available Stereolithography Printer
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Saito Azusa , Watanabe Yosuke , Shiblee MD Nahin Islam , Ogawa Jun , Khosla Ajit , Kawakami Masaru , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: December 2020

Hydrogels are known as a soft and water-rich material, and they are widely applied in the medical and industrial fields. On the other hand, when a liquid material is poured into a mold to make a gel, it is generally difficult to form a complicated shape due to the shape restriction included in the mold. To overcome this challenge, we have independently developed the 3D gel printer "SWIM-ER". This gel printing can make very complex structures that is unable to create by the hydrogel molding process. The our previous works includes soft robots for teaching, research, and surgical simulation and applications of 3D-printed organ models in hydrogel.
However, it should be pointed out that due to the high economic cost, this printer is not popular. This study proposes an inexpensive gel printing technology using a commercially available stereolithography 3D printer equipped with liquid crystal display (LCD) or digital light processing (DLP) technology for UV irradiation. The price of a commercial 3D printer for general use ($500) is much cheaper than the price of a 3D gel printer. We have confirmed that our proposed method can perform three-dimensional modeling of gel by photopolymerization reaction under excitation of 405 nm.

Figure 1
Self-Assembly Directed Organization of Fullerene-Bisporphyrins into Supramolecular Donut Structures for Excited State Charge Stabilization
Authors: Caballero Ruben , de la Cruz Pilar , Ortí Enrique , Aragó Juan , Cerdá Jesús , Barrejon Myriam , Seetharaman Sairaman , Langa Fernando , D'Souza Francis 
Published: December 2020

Supramolecular structures formed from intermolecular association of repeated units of redox- and photo-active molecular monomers, in solution or in bulk, are of greater significance due to their importance in biology performing various functions making life on earth possible. One such supramolecular organization is ‘photosynthetic antenna-reaction centre’ complex found in green plants and bacteria which is involved in converting sunlight into chemical energy. The core antenna complex in bacteria form concentric rings, LH1 and LH2. LH1 consists of 16 ab protomers with a 68 Å hole in the middle while the LH2 consists of 9 ab protomers. These work in synergy in terms of light capture, transport and generating charge separated states.
Several covalent and supramolecular structures containing fullerenes have been described in literature, however, only a few examples where the components are either redox or photochemically amphoteric. This property becomes especially important in light energy harvesting where the presence of an electron donor-acceptor pair is a basic necessity with at least one of them being photo-active to promote photoinduced charge separation leading to the formation of radical ion-pairs. Here, we describe the synthesis, by tether-directed functionalization, of a [60]fullerene
e
-bisadduct carrying two Zn-porphyrins (see figure inset), its supramolecular organization, and photophysical events. Remarkably, the supramolecular assembly of the present bisporphyrin-C60 forms donuts-shape aggregates (see figure for AFM image), primarily via pi-pi type charge transfer interactions, as demonstrated by means of optical absorption and emission, variable temperature 1H NMR and AFM and supported by theoretical calculations. More importantly, upon photoexcitation, the supramolecular assembly generates long-lived charge separated states of ~1 ms lifetime due to electron/hole delocalization within the supramolecular structure. The unprecedented results of the present study demonstrate the success of supramolecular organization of donor-acceptor pairs in biomimetic light energy harvesting.

Figure 1
Effect of Nb and Cu Additions on High Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-Forming Austenitic Alloys
Authors: Omori Shota , Utsumi Haruki , Hayashi Shigenari 
Published: December 2020

The addition of Cu to austenitic steels was found to be effective for decreasing the critical Al content and promoting protective alumina scale formation from our recent studies. It was also reported that Nb addition to the alloy promotes the formation of alumina. These two elements are also known to improve the mechanical properties of steels by forming fine precipitates of Cu and intermetallics such as Laves and γ” phases, thus combined addition of these elements is expected to improve both the oxidation and mechanical properties of steels, however, there is no systematic study on the effects of the combined addition of these elements on the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of austenitic heat-resistant alloys. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nb and Cu on the oxidation behavior and mechanical properties of austenitic heat-resistant alloys containing Nb and Cu.
Fe-25Ni-17Cr-(5~8)Al-(0, 0.5, 1)Nb-(0, 3, 5)Cu (in at.%) alloys were prepared by Ar-arc melting pure constituent metals. The ingots were cold-rolled by 90% and heat-treated at 1200ºC for 1 h, followed by aging at 800 ºC or 600 ºC for up to 500 h. Oxidation samples were cut from the cold-rolled plates and polished down to a 3 µm diamond paste. Oxidation tests were performed at 800°C in a box furnace in air for up to 100 h. The alloys were also subjected to a Vickers hardness test at room temperature and tensile tests at room temperature and 600ºC. The tensile test was performed in Ar at a strain rate of 0.005mm/s. Samples were analyzed by SEM, STEM, TEM, EPMA, GD-OES and XRD.
Fig. 1 shows the oxidation kinetics and room temperature hardness of the alloys with/without different Nb and Cu contents. The oxidation kinetics of the alloys with/without different Nb and Cu contents shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b) reveals that the oxidation mass gain of the alloys without Cu decreased significantly by the addition of Nb and it further decreased with increasing Nb content. The oxidation mass gain of the 1Nb doped alloys tended to increase slightly with increasing Cu content. From the STEM-EDS analysis, it was confirmed that the protective alumina scale was formed on the Cu and/or Nb added alloys. An α-alumina was confirmed to develop on the alloys with Nb addition at about 600 ºC during heating, which is much lower temperature than that reported for formation of an α-alumina, suggesting that Nb addition promotes α-alumina formation. Vickers hardness of all alloys at room temperature increased with aging time, however, the maximum hardness was higher for the alloys aged at 600 ºC than 800 ºC. The hardness of the 5Cu alloy was higher than 0Cu alloy, which might be attributed to a formation of very fine Cu precipitates confirmed by TEM observation.

Figure 1
New Cultural Elements of European Origin in the Dark Ages of Attica
Authors: Panchenko Dmitri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The transformation of burial customs in Protogeometric Athens is to be related to the ancient tradition concerning the coming of the Ionians. The newcomers constituted a new elite in Athens and introduced several new institutions. Burial customs of the newcomers, as well as the types of their swords and their political and military institutions point to their European, especially Scandinavian, affiliation.
Corpus of the Roman Finds in the European Barbaricum. Romania 1
Authors: Grumeza Lavinia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to present the Roman products found in Arad County (West Romania), to analyse the Roman-Dacians connections, and the avenues by which the Roman goods made their way into the Dacian world, west of the Carpathians. Excluding the coins, Italian goods are sporadically found in Dacian sites dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD: some fragmentary bronze and glass vessels, terra sigillata, and various ceramic plates. Most of the imports occur in settlements and hoards, but except for the coins, other types of Roman items were not treasured. The preponderance of the Republican denarii (and imitations) over the imperial ones can be easily distinguished – no matter where they were struck. The conspicuously high quantity of coins could indicate special donations received by the Dacians from the Romans, particularly during the reign of Burebista and Decebalus.
The Contemporary Exercise of Emergency Powers: Reflections on Permanence, Impermanence and Challenging Times
Authors: Ní Aoláin Fionnuala 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Emergencies are often unforeseen and unexpected phenomena which require immediate action. Emergencies can be political, social, economic, sanitary and ecological in nature. While acknowledging that a range of different kinds of emergencies require governments to respond by law, this contribution is focused on the ways in which the protection of human rights must be ensured in situations when terrorism, violent-extremism and counter-terrorism can create emergency conditions resulting in emergency responses by states. I particularly address the challenges of sanitary and health emergencies occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Diagnosing Diapycnal Mixing from Passive Tracers
Authors: Ruan Xiaozhou , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTurbulent mixing across density surfaces transforms abyssal ocean waters into lighter waters and is vital to close the deepest branches of the global overturning circulation. Over the last 20 years, mixing rates inferred from in situ microstructure profilers and tracer release experiments (TREs) have provided valuable insights in the connection between small-scale mixing and large-scale ocean circulation. Problematically, estimates based on TREs consistently exceed those from collocated in situ microstructure measurements. These differences have been attributed to a low bias in the microstructure estimates that can miss strong, but rare, mixing events. Here we demonstrate that TRE estimates can suffer from a high bias, because of the approximations generally made to interpret the data. We first derive formulas to estimate mixing from the temporal growth of the second moment of a tracer patch by extending Taylor’s celebrated formula to account for both density stratification and variations in mixing rates. The formulas are validated with tracers released in numerical simulations of turbulent flows and then used to discuss biases in the interpretation of TREs based estimates and how to possibly overcome them.
Preliminary test almost unbiased ridge estimator in a linear regression model with multivariate Student-t errors
Authors: Xu Jianwen , Yang Hu 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the preliminary test almost unbiased ridge estimators of the regression coefficients based on the conflicting Wald (W), Likelihood ratio (LR) and Lagrangian multiplier (LM) tests in a multiple regression model with multivariate Student-t errors are introduced when it is suspected that the regression coefficients may be restricted to a subspace. The bias and quadratic risks of the proposed estimators are derived and compared. Sufficient conditions on the departure parameter ∆ and the ridge parameter k are derived for the proposed estimators to be superior to the almost unbiased ridge estimator, restricted almost unbiased ridge estimator and preliminary test estimator. Furthermore, some graphical results are provided to illustrate theoretical results.
Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate
Authors: Al-Shdefat Ramadan I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreparation of inclusion complex using cyclodextrins is a well-known formulation strategy to elevate the solubility of drugs. However, often cyclodextrins alone may not bring a considerable improvement in the solubility of low solubility drugs. In this study, the inclusion complexation of furosemide (FSM) was tried with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) either with the use or without the use of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which is a surfactant. By using the kneading method, the binary complex of FSM/β-CD in the equal molar ratio was used. FSM and β-CD were kneaded continuously until a thick past was achieved, which was evaporated for a period of about 24 h. The solid complexed product was then crushed and stored in airtight container until use. Phase solubility studies confirmed a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 (FSM/β-CD and FSM/β-CD with SLS). The apparent stability constant and complexation efficiencies of significantly enhanced in the presence of SLS. The prepared complexes were evaluated for DSC, PXRD, 1H NMR, and in vitro release studies. The results exhibited a significant enhancement in diuresis in rats. It is evident that the addition of SLS with β-CD significantly enhances the solubilizing efficiencies and hence bioavailability of FSM.
El horror doméstico en la narrativa breve de Patricia Esteban Erlés y Shirley Jackson
Authors: Calvo Revilla Ana 
Published: December 2020

Resumen
Establecemos un análisis comparativo entre la narrativa breve de la escritora estadounidense Shirley Jackson (1916–1965) y la española Patricia Esteban Erlés (1972–). Fascinadas por las sombras de las historias capaces de evocar el misterio, ambas escritoras alzan unos imaginarios narrativos, en los que la irrupción de lo extraño, lo inesperado y lo incomprensible quiebran y alteran la percepción de la realidad. Nada es lo que parece y bajo la dicotomía mundo infantil – mundo adulto se introducen subrepticiamente lo siniestro y lo macabro en escenarios domésticos. Conscientes de que la cotidianeidad tiene lados oscuros y ángulos inquietantes y de que las mujeres de todos los tiempos han necesitado encarnar sus miedos a través de la creación de criaturas monstruosas y temibles, ambas construyen un imaginario doméstico siniestro.
Numerical investigation of the solutions of Schrödinger equation with exponential cubic B-spline finite element method
Authors: Ersoy Hepson Ozlem , Dag Idris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the numerical solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation via the exponential cubic B-spline collocation method. Crank–Nicolson formulas are used for time discretization of the target equation. A linearization technique is also employed for the numerical purpose. Four numerical examples related to single soliton, collision of two solitons that move in opposite directions, the birth of standing and mobile solitons and bound state solution are considered as the test problems. The accuracy and the efficiency of the purposed method are measured by max error norm and conserved constants. The obtained results are compared with the possible analytical values and those in some earlier studies.
Recent History in the Courtroom: Notes on an Experience as an Expert Witness in a Trial for Crimes Against Humanity in Argentina
Authors: Garaño Santiago 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work I reflect on a new figure that has been gaining presence in trials for crimes against humanity since 2005: the “context witness,” a specialist – usually coming from social sciences – who is presented as a witness and whose contribution is taken as testimonial evidence. I rely on my participation in the oral and public trial “Operation Independence,” in which I testified about my doctoral research on the experience of conscripts in southern Tucumán, Argentina between 1975 and 1977. My argument is that social sciences can provide meticulous reconstructions of the logic of repression, helping us to understand how state terror was possible.
The Occupied Territories, Gaza, and Israel’s Recent Slide to Authoritarianism
Authors: Mautner Menachem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years there have been numerous warnings in the press and in the social networks that Israel is about to convert its liberal democracy into a fascist regime. This Article argues that the occupation of the West Bank stands at the root of the most important processes that have been taking place in Israel in the past five decades. One of those processes is the erosion of Israel’s liberalism. I claim that the prolongation of the occupation is the central, lasting threat to Israel’s liberalism. In essence, the occupation breeds denunciations of and protests against the government and the Israel Defense Forces, and these, in turn, bring about measures on the part of the government and right-wing civil society organizations that undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism. In addition, the full-scale wars between Israel and Gaza, and the continuation of violence between the parties in the periods between the wars, undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism.
Crystal structure of (E)-3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-2-((quinoxalin-2-ylmethylene)amino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one, C35H32N6O2
Authors: Liu Shuang-Shuang , Wu Wei-Na , Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C35H32N6O2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.902(2) Å, b = 12.434(2) Å, c = 13.481(4) Å, α = 102.881(5)°, β = 104.935(5)°, γ = 114.542(3)°, V = 1488.6(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0511, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1429, T = 296 K.
Einfach Gott
Authors: Schwöbel Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der Versuch unternommen, die jüngste Diskussion über die Einfachheit Gottes im Zusammenhang der Renaissance trinitarischer Theologie am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts zu reflektieren. Das aus der Philosophie entlehnte Prinzip der Einfachheit Gottes, das jede Zusammensetzung und jede Differenz von Potenz und Akt aus dem Gottesbegriff ausschließen soll, wird in drei Kontexten betrachtet, in denen jeweils die Beziehungen Gottes zu seiner Schöpfung betont werden: in den biblischen Zeugnissen, im interreligiösen Dialog und im Blick auf das kommunikative Beziehungsgeschehen des Gottesdienstes. Ausgehend von Martin Luthers Verständnis der Trinität als ewiges Gespräch in Gott, das die Schöpfung einbezieht, wird erkundet, ob das Verständnis Gottes als Gespräch im Zusammenhang einer Ontologie kommunikativer Relationen sowohl dem In-Beziehung-Sein Gottes als auch der grammatischen Regel der Einfachheit Rechnung tragen kann.
Regionale Unterschiede im Alkoholkonsum in Deutschland
Authors: Atzendorf Josefine 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Alkoholkonsum unterscheidet sich nicht nur nach soziodemografischen Faktoren, sondern auch regional. Verschiedene Studien werden vorgestellt, die sowohl Ost-West-, wie auch Nord-Süd-Unterschiede im Alkoholkonsum in Deutschland thematisierten. Gesundheitsstrategien zur Reduktion des Alkoholkonsums, insbesondere des riskanten Alkoholkonsums, sollten regionale Unterschiede in Zukunft mitberücksichtigen.
Do Default Loss Risks Matter for Arab Exports? Evidence from a Gravity Modelling Approach
Authors: Ben Jelili Riadh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the literature, it has been common to use credit risk scores to investigate impacts of external sources of risk and political institutions on foreign investment location choice-decisions. However, only a few studies have specifically examined the relationship between importing country’s credit risk scores and exports. Side stepping the limited availability of statistics on ECAs activities in the Arab countries, this paper investigates empirically the relationship between merchandise exports and credit scores of importing countries. Based on a gravity equation augmented with the risks of default on international payments, measured by intra-country risk ratings, the principal contribution of the present research is to scrutinize the impact of commercial and political risks on merchandise trade in the Arab region. The findings suggest that in the absence of insurance contracts against the risk of defaulting payments, firms are more likely to export to countries with higher prior probabilities to secure payments. It logically follows that provisions of export credit guarantees well targeted towards reducing buyer risks are likely to boost-up exports.
Numerical simulation of optical phenomena in atmospheric clouds and fogs
Authors: Zakovryashin Andrey V. , Prigarin Sergei M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present algorithms for fast computation of phase functions of atmospheric clouds and for stochastic simulation of such optical phenomena as fogbows, glories, coronas and halos. Using the developed numerical algorithms and software, we analyze optical phenomena for several cloud and fog models.
„Alle haben ein Smartphone, nur ich nicht!“
Authors: Wenzl Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht von der Annahme aus, dass die moderne Gesellschaft durch ein Vermittlungsproblem zwischen dem familialen Binnenraum und dem gesellschaftlichen Allgemeinen gekennzeichnet ist und dass sich dieses Vermittlungsproblem unmittelbar in der familialen Erziehung niederschlägt. Dies wird anhand eines alltäglichen erzieherischen Konflikts herausgearbeitet, in dem Kinder ihren Eltern eine im Vergleich zu anderen Eltern zu ,strenge‘ Erziehung vorwerfen. Durch eine Explikation der sinnlogischen Voraussetzungen von Konflikten dieser Art wird gezeigt, dass sich in ihnen eine ,moralische‘ Schwäche der familialen Erziehung Ausdruck verschafft, die darin besteht, dass Eltern sich in ihrer Erziehung nicht auf allgemein geltende Prinzipien berufen können. Durch eine objektiv hermeneutische Analyse eines Familieninterviews zum innerfamilialen Umgang mit dem Smartphone wird abschließend ein Fall rekonstruiert, der exemplarisch zeigt, in welch hilflose Lage Eltern geraten können, wenn sie sich in ihrer Erziehung nur noch an ihren individuell-partikularen Angemessenheitsvorstellungen orientieren können.
Cytogenetic and oxidative effects of three lichen extracts on human peripheral lymphocytes
Authors: Emsen Bugrahan , Kolukisa Ayse Levent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present study, we investigated cytogenetic and oxidative [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS)] effects of methanol and water extracts of Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel, Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W.Mann and Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. on cultured human lymphocytes. In addition, different phenolic compounds in the extracts were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a result of HPLC analysis, methanol extracts of all lichen species tested had higher phenolic compounds. Likewise, methanol extracts of each lichen increased TAC levels in lymphocytes more than water extracts. The TOS levels of the cells treated with different concentrations (1–100 mg/L) of the extracts decreased due to the increasing concentration of the extracts. Genotoxicity experiments revealed that the tested lichen extracts did not significantly increase (p > 0.05) the level of genotoxicity on human peripheral lymphocyte culture compared to the negative control group. The results showed that C. chlorophaea, D. miniatum and P. saxatilis lichens, which were found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, might be of interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Vanishing hypercalciuric kidney stones after treating underlying acromegaly
Authors: van der Valk Eline , Tobe Tom , Stades Aline , Muller Alex 
Published: December 2020

Summary
A 53-year-old male presented with recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones as a first sign of underlying acromegaly, which vanished when his acromegaly was controlled. The exact mechanism behind hypercalciuria and urolithiasis in acromegaly is not yet clear. By discussing this case, a short overview of the pathophysiology of hypercalciuria in acromegaly and practical insights are given.

Learning points

Hypercalciuria is a common finding in acromegaly.

There are only few reports describing hypercalciuric kidney stones in acromegaly.

We assume that in acromegaly there is a primary role of IGF1-mediated, PTH-independent increase in calcitriol synthesis resulting in hypercalciuric kidney stones.