bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Immunoassay Strategies for Detection of Bovine Serum Albumin-17beta-Estradiol
Authors: Liu Jianshe 
Published: February 2020

The endocrine-disrupting compound 17beta-estradiol (E2) is endogenously produced by all mammalian species. Over the last years, many studies have suggested that E2 are growing concern that even at low concentrations may adversely affect fish, wildlife, ecosystems and possibly human health.
We propose strategies for detection of Bovine serum albumin-17beta-estradiol (BSA-E2) by using CdSe Quantum Dots as electrochemical labels for amplifying signal. BSA-E2 was chosen as a model 17beta-estradiol in this work.
In this model the CdSe QDs were used as labels for amplifying electrochemical signal and were conjugation with secondary anti-17beta-estradiol antibody (anti-E2 antibody) in heterogeneous sandwich immunoassay. Using two-step protocol for conjugation of CdSe QDs and anti-E2 antibody because of antibody contains both carboxylates and amines [1]. In the first step, EDC is used in the presence of sulfer-NHS to activate carboxylates on the CdSe QDs to intermediates sulfer-NHS esters. The second step is activates CdSe QDs by add the anti-E2 antibody solution to be coupled.
Furthermore, Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is a powerful method for the determination of trace heavy metals, based on relatively inexpensive and portable equipment, and its analysis time is much shorter than other methods. Here the Cd2+form acid dissolution step was detected. For this purposed the anti BSA antibody was immobilization Nafion/ITO electrode. The modification surface and subsequently stepwise immobilization was investigated by EIS and AFM.
References
[1] G.T. Hermanson,Bioconjugate Techniques(second ed.)Elsevier, London (2008)
Acknowledgment
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41073060, No. 21377023) Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20100075110010 )
Alternative Substrate Materials for Impedance Biosensors
Authors: Suni Ian Ivar , Radhakrishnan Rajeswaran 
Published: February 2020

Impedance biosensors have been widely studied for applications to biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food, and agriculture. The most common format for AC impedance biosensors involves surface immobilization of an antibody, receptor protein, DNA strand, or other species capable of bio-recognition, and AC impedance detection of the binding event.
One obstacle to application of impedance biosensors is the stability and reproducibility of protein immobilization. This problem is exacerbated by the need for sensor calibration, which is typically accomplished using chaotropic reagents. Most studies of impedance biosensors have employed amide bond formation to Au-thiol self-assembled monolayers for biomolecule immobilization. However, this chemistry is relatively unstable, with the shelf life limited to days to weeks.
Degenerate (highly doped) Si is an attractive alternative substrate material for impedance biosensors. Advantages of degenerate Si include simple and reproducible surface preparation, easy incorporation into ULSI devices, and the greater strength of Si-C bonds (~520 kJ/mole) relative to Au-S bonds (125-150 kJ/mole). Peanut protein Ara h 1 can be detected atop degenerate Si electrodes with a detection limit of < 5 ng/ml. Regeneration of antibody films atop degenerate Si using 0.2 M KSCN and 10 mM HF allows repeated detection of peanut protein Ara h 1 during a 30-day trial. The inclusion of HF is required to periodically remove Si oxide from the substrate. Results will also be presented for impedance biosensing with Ti/TiO2 as the substrate material.
Graphene Quantum Dots and Graphene Oxide-Based Biosensors for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers and Heavy Metals
Authors: Wu Nick , Li Ming 
Published: February 2020

Generally organic dye molecules are used as both the energy donor and acceptor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems.1,2 However, organic dyes suffer from photobleaching. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) were recently developed as both the donor and the acceptor for energy transfer-based fluorescent sensors.3-5 A fluorescent dye to graphene follows the nano-surface energy transfer (NSET) mechanism.
Herein a fluorescent sensor based on the quantum dot (QD)/aptamer-GO complex is constructed in which GO acts an energy acceptor. This sensor is highly sensitive to Pb(II) with a limit of detection of 90 pM. On the other hand, with GO as the energy donor, a fluorescent sensor has also been developed for Hg2+ detection.
In addition, graphene quantum dots have been used as the energy acceptor to build fluorescent sensor for cancer biomarker detection.
This work was financially supported by a NSF grant (CBET-1336205). The resource and facilities used were partially supported by NSF (EPS 1003907) and a Research Challenge Grant from the State of West Virginia (EPS08-01).

REFERENCES AND NOTES

(1) S. K. Cushing, M. Li, F. Huang, N. Q. Wu, Origin of strong excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence of graphene oxide, ACS Nano, 8 (2014), 1002-1013i,
(2) M. Li, H. Gou, I. Al-Ogaidi, N. Q. Wu, Nanostructured sensors for detection of heavy metals: a review, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 1 (2013), 713-723
(3) M. Li, X. Zhou, S. Guo, N. Q. Wu, Detection of lead (II) with a "turn-on" fluorescent biosensor based on energy transfer from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to graphene oxide, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 43 (2013), 69-74.
(4) M. Li, X. Zhou, W. Ding, S. Guo, N. Q. Wu, Fluorescent aptamer-functionalized graphene oxide biosensor for label-free detection of Mercury(II), Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 41 (2013), 889-893
(5) I. Al-Ogaidi, H. Gou, Z. P. Aguilar, S. Guo, A. K. Melconian, A. Kareem A. Al-kazaz, F. Meng*, and N. Q. Wu, Detection of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA-125 using chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer to graphene quantum dots, Chemical Communications, 50 (2014), 1344-1346
Development of Minimally Invasive Biosensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Yasuzawa Mikito , Li Jiang , Hiura Kentaro , Edagawa Kazuaki , Fuchiwaki Yusuke 
Published: February 2020

Good control of blood glucose degree is quite important for the prevention of serious diabetes complications onset and progression. Accurate recognition of the blood glucose degree helps the patient to provide appropriate treatments, such as insulin therapy. Recently, implantable glucose sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are of significant importance on diabetic health care, since it not only lower the physical and mental load on glucose measurement, but also present continuous glucose trend, which is useful for treatment evaluation. However, since the length of sensor device inserted in skin is about 1 cm, development of lower invasive CGM system is expected for the improvement of diabetic patients quality of life.
In this study, a low invasive patch type glucose sensor, which has sensing region at the tip inside of a tube, was proposed. The schematic illustration of the tip of such glucose sensor is shown in Figure 1. Since the sensing region is at the inside of a fine needle tube, it requires only the sensor tip to be implanted in the tissue for glucose monitoring. In other words, it can be possible to perform as a patch type sensor, which impresses the user as a sticking sensor instead of implanting sensor. Glucose oxidase was immobilized inside the tube using the combination of electrodeposition and electropolymerization technique, which was similar to the procedure proposed by Wilson’s group [1,2]. That is, phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing GOx and Triton X-100 was first poured inside the tube electrode and applied a potential of 1.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for 1 h to form GOx layer on the surface. Phosphate buffer solution containing o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) was next poured inside the tube and a potential of 0.7 V (vs Ag/AgCl) was applied for 15 min to induce the electropolymerization of o-PD. Properties of the obtained sensor were evaluated both by in vitro and in vivo measurements.
Acknowledgment
This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) No. 24500510 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS).
References
[1] N. Matsumoto, X. Chen, G. S. Wilson, Anal Chem, 74, 362 (2002).
[2] X. Chen, N. Matsumoto, Y. Hu, G. S. Wilson, Anal Chem, 74, 368 (2002).
Novel Non-Polarizable Dry Screenprinatable Polymeric Nanocomposite Micro-Sensors for Wearable Devices
Authors: Khosla Ajit 
Published: February 2020

This work presents preparation, characterization and electrical properties of a flexible screenpritable conducting nanocomposite polymer which has been prepared by Acoustic Mixing. The prepared nanocomposite consists of plastisol and Silver/Silver chrolide nanoparticles. It is observed that at weight-percentages of above approximately 59 wt-% of Silver/Silver chrolide nanoparticles , and has a resistivity of 1.98 x 10-6 ohm·m. Applications of the prepared nanocomposite in the area of wearable garments and devices will also be discussed [1,2,3,4].

References:

D. Chung, A. Khosla, et al, “Flexible Ag/AgCl electrodes for applications in tissue Electrical Impedance Scanning (EIS)” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 161 (2) B3071-B3076 (2014)

A. Khosla and B. L. Gray, “Preparation, characterization and micromolding of multi-walled carbon nanotube polydimethylsiloxane conducting nanocomposite polymer”; Materials Letters Volume 63, Issues 13-14, 31 May
2009, Pages 1203-1206.

A. Khosla, B.L. Gray, “CONDUCTIVE ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL AND USES THEREFOR“ US Patent No. 61/113998- Issued.

A. Khosla, and B. L. Gray; “Micropatternable Multifunctional Nanocomposite Polymers for Flexible Soft NEMS and MEMS Applications” ECS Trans. 2012 volume 45, issue 3, 477-494.
Preparation of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized Electrode Using Electrodeposition Procedure and Its Glucose Sensor Properties
Authors: Hiura Kentaro , Li Jiang , Furukawa Shinya , Fuchiwaki Yusuke , Yasuzawa Mikito 
Published: February 2020

The importance of glucose determinations for the diagnosis and effective treatment of diabetes has been well recognized. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to developing an effective sensor for the continuous estimation of glucose concentration in subcutaneous tissue [1]. Miniaturization of the sensor device is an important subject, since smaller devices are less invasive, both physically and psychologically. A finer device will excite fewer pain receptors in the skin and will cause less tissue damage and less pain. However, fabrication of finer sensor request precise technique to immobilize enzyme in a specific area. Conventional methods of enzyme immobilization are covalent attachment,cross-linking, hydrogel entrapment, electropolymerized polymer entrapment, and the combination of two or more methods. Among the variety of procedure for the immobilization of enzyme, electropolymerized polymer entrapment is interesting, since the enzyme will be immobilized just at the position where the electricity was passed. Similar to this procedure, Matsumoto et al reported that the layer of enzyme can be formed on the electrode by applying a potential of 1.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in the enzyme solution containing a nonionic surfactant such as Triton X-100. Since the obtained enzyme layer was not stable, they formed a electropolymerized polyphenol film in order to improve the stability, which also functioned as a permselective film to eliminate the influence of electroactive species excite in the biological fluid such as ascorbic and uric acids. In this study, glucose oxidase was immobilized using electrodeposition procedure and polymer film was formed to stabilize the enzyme film. Glucose sensor properties of the obtained electrode were investigated using in vitro and in vivo measurements.
1. N. Matsumoto, X. Chen and G. S. Wilson, Anal Chem, 74, 368 (2002).
Pitting Corrosion Restraint Mechanism of Aluminum with the Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Mabuchi Katsumi 
Published: February 2020

Conventionally, surface treatment based on the use of chromate conversion layer is efficient for preventing corrosion of metals, but it releases highly toxic Cr(VI) into environment. For this reason, a new surface treatment method using the Cr(III) was developed. This replacement process is based on a corrosion control mechanism by formation of reaction products and oxide that are formed by a base metal dissolving.When this surface treatment method is applied to a thin metal film, there is concern that a base metal film may disappear during this treatment. Thus, this treatment cannot be applied to a thin metal film. Recently, surface treatment using a silane coupling agent such as bis(3-triethoxy Cyril) ethane (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)2Si(OC2H5)3 (BTSE) has evolved as a promising alternative to replace the toxic chromate-based treatments. There are many reports about the improvement in general corrosion resistance of the Al by the silane coupling treatment1)-4). However, the improvement in pitting corrosion resistance by the silane coupling treatment is not necessarily obvious. To improve the pitting-corrosion resistance of thin Al film, this work reports the optimum of the silane coupling treatment.
An Al film was immersed in ethanol solution with several silane coupling agents in 0.5-96h. Polarization curves of the Al film treated by silane coupling agents were measured in 3.5% NaCl solutions. Pitting and general corrosion were evaluated using pitting potential and corrosion current density, respectively. Ten kinds of silane coupling agents that can be divided two major categories, i.e. mono-silyfunctional silanes (‘mono silanes’) and bis-silylfunctional silaned (‘bis silanes’), were used as treatment solutions. Surface observation and surface analysis of Al surface treated silane coupling agents were performed by using AFM, SEM and XPS, respectively.
The difference in corrosion resistance behavior between use of mono silanes and bis silanes is not confirmed. The treatment of Al using a silane agent including the N element does not inhibit general corrosion or pitting corrosion. On the other hand, the treatment of Al by using a silane agent including the O or S element inhibits both general corrosion and pitting corrosion. In this paper, the relationship structure of the silane coupling layer and corrosion resistance is discussed.
Reference
1)Danqing Zhu, Wim J. van Ooji, CORROSON SCIAENCE
45 (2003)2177-2197
2)M. Teo, J. Kim, P.C. Wong, K.A.R. Mitchell, Applied Surface Science, 252, (2005) 1293-1304
3)DANQING ZHU and WIM J. VAN OOJI, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 16, No.9 (2002) 1235-1260
4) A. Frignani, F. Zucchi, G. Trabaneli, V. Grassi, CORROSION SCIENCE, 48 (2006) 2258-2273
The Use of 3D-Svet for the Examination of Plasticised PVC Coatings: The Effect of Deformation and UV Irradiation on Barrier Properties
Authors: Searle Justin Royston , Wilson Benjamin Paul , Yliniemi Kirsi , Worsley David A , McMurray Hamilton Neil 
Published: February 2020

The 3D-SVET is a valuable technique for the examination of corrosion phenomena on non-planar samples. A bi-functional probe is first used to record topographical data to obtain a surface height map; subsequently this height map is used to retrace the surface, obtaining current density data at a known fixed height. In this work the apparatus was utilized to investigate the effects of forming and irradiation on model plasticized PVC coatings and specifically the influence on the barrier properties of the coating. Samples were prepared via bar casting onto galvanneal steel substrate and then either examined in a planar state or after a bending process that created a 30° deflection from flat. Samples were examined via 3D-SVET either as cast or after irradiation with UV in order to investigate the effects of weathering. In addition, an industrially produced coating that had undergone natural weathering for a period of 17 years in a coastal industry environment was also analyzed as a comparison.
The model study demonstrated that both the planar non-irradiated and the planar irradiated samples retained their coating integrity, with the 3D SVET detecting no corrosion activity during a 24hr immersion study. In contrast, the samples that underwent a forming process showed evidence of a cathodic band of activity that coincided with the peak of the bend. This band increased in activity during the period of immersion, most likely due to the improved oxygen availability at the thinnest part of the coating. Findings from the industrial coating (See Fig 1A-C) showed the presence of numerous penetrative defects and it was found that the majority of the longer lived defects existed within the emboss pattern, coinciding with thinnest part of the coating. Subsequent removal of the industrial coating evidenced the extent of the zinc dissolution that occurred during the samples lifetime.

Figure 1: A) The surface profile of the industrial coating, illustrating the leathergrain emboss pattern within the paint. B) A Surface image of the coating overlaid with the most active anodic areas as measured over 24hrs immersion in 5% NaCl. C) The resulting galvanneal surface post removal of the plastisol coating, illustrating the metal dissolution during the samples life.

.
Corrosivity Measurements of Singapore and the Effect of Tropical Atmosphere on Corrosion of Different Metals
Authors: Wijesinghe Sudesh Lakshitha , Tan Zixi 
Published: February 2020

Atmospheric corrosion is clearly the most noticeable of all corrosion processes. Tremendous amount of economic losses are caused by atmospheric corrosion. Thus it is imperative to know the level of atmosphere’s aggressiveness or in other words “corrosivity”, before anyone designs or plans any corrosion prevention strategy. Corrosivity values were not recorded before in Singapore though those were measured and recorded in other countries.
In the aim of filling this gap, test sites had been established on three locations of Singapore. Thus corrosivity readings were measured and recorded according to ISO 9223:2012 for the first time in Singapore. Both determined and estimated corrosivity values were recorded upon completion of one year exposure of standard metal samples and atmospheric constituents / pollutant measurements respectively. Final objective of this work is to correlate some accelerated cyclic corrosion test parameters with these Singapore atmospheric corrosivity values. Results will be useful for both industrial and research needs in future. A detail discussion together with results will be presented.
Protective Efficiency of the Oil Composition Coatings Against Carbon Steel Atmospheric Corrosion in the SO2 Presence
Authors: Shel Natalia , Vigdorovich Vladimir , Tsygankova Liudmila , Uryadnikov Alexandr 
Published: February 2020

The protective properties of the compositions on base of the industrial oil or transformic one and oilsoluble inhibitor IFHAN 29-A (the product of the catalytic interaction between tall oil production waste and higher aliphatic amines) have been studied with respect to carbon steel in the atmosphere containing 0.1 – 10 vol.% SO2 at the different humidity (70 – 100%) and room temperature.
IFHAN 29-A shows the thickening ability with respect to industrial and transformic oils in the 293 – 353K temperature range. It allows to deposit the oil coating films of 20 ± 5 μm thickness on the metal surface. These films provide a protection of carbon steel against atmospheric corrosion in the presence of SO2. A growth of the inhibitor concentration in the oil composition film results a sharp increase of the protective efficiency in the presence of SO2 in comparison with the conditions without SO2. The oil nature doesn’t practically influence on the qualitative and quantitative character of the dependences. Protective efficience of the oil compositions reaches 80%.
Kinetics of the cathodic and anodic processes on steel has been investigated in the 0.5 M NaCl solutions in the presence of SO2. A growth of the SO2 volume concentration in the air phase increases the cathodic limiting diffusion current density in the absence of the protective oil composition film on the electrode surface, but does not practically influnce in the presence of the coating. A dependence of the anodic ionisation rate on the SO2 concentration in the presence of the protective oil composition film has an unmonotonous character.
The observed results are discussed with taking into account an interaction between SO2 and water leading to a formation of the SO2
.H2O hydrate and the [SO2]/[H2SO3] correlation equal to 20 in the aqueous solution.
Corrosion Inhibitors in the Development of Hybrid-Smart-Nanostructured Coatings
Authors: Zambrano-Rengel Griselda Elena , Uruchurtu Jorge , Menchaca Carmina , Guardián Tapia René 
Published: February 2020

Results of the corrosion behavior of inhibitors contained inside of ceramic nanoparticles as part of the development of a hybrid smart coating used to protect pieces of copper used in the manufacture of historical pieces belonging to the cultural heritage .
The kaolin is a waste product from the ceramic industry with porous properties that facilitate the process of absorption of chemicals inhibitors of the corrosion process as benzotriazole (BTA) and copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O). The optimal efficiency of the inhibitors was determined using gravimetric methods and using potentiodynamic polarization . The adsorption of the inhibitors is reached preparing several mixtures of acetone and distilled water saturated with inhibitor through a process of stirring for 24 hours . Copper samples were coated with a commercial brush No. 10 using epoxy resin mixed with 2.5 %, 5% and 10 % of kaolin nanoparticles doped with inhibitor. The system was characterized using electrochemical techniques like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization methods and electrochemical noise spectroscopy (EN) to determine the efficiency of the new structured kaolin particles into the coating. The electrolytic solution for the application of electrochemical techniques was a mixture of NaCl. and (NH4)2SO4, used to study atmospheric corrosion; simulating contaminated atmospheres with chlorides and sulfates in urban environments. The techniques used for materials characterization were scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) like a great complement to the complete study of the system.