bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in Children
Authors: Shareghfarid Elham , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Mirhoseini Hamid , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. We aimed to derive major dietary patterns in relation with ADHD through a case-control study. Participants were selected from age-gender matched children and adolescents who were categorized into case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 240). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition was used to diagnose ADHD. Food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis were used to measure food intake and identify major dietary patterns, respectively. The snack-fast food dietary pattern significantly increased odds of ADHD in fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39-7.84; P for trend < 0.001). Fish and low fat dairy products dietary pattern is protectively associated with ADHD (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91; P for trend = 0.02). Vegetable and nut dietary pattern showed no significant relation with possibility of ADHD (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.40-1.90; P for trend = 0.53). Children are suggested to reduce intake of snack and fast food dietary pattern and increase fish and low fat dairy products, and legumes to reduce the chance of ADHD.
Fine mapping of wheat Tatyd with pleiotropic roles in plant architecture, leaf yellowish and improved powdery mildew resistance
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Yiming , Niu Ying , Zhang Xu , Sun Li , Wang Haiyan , Xiao Jin , Wang Xiue 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Photosynthesis is the primary energy for biosphere, and is the foundation for life on earth. Leaf color mutations are widely used to study chloroplast structure and development, biosynthesis and metabolism of chlorophyll and plant photosynthesis, such as in rice and maize, with many genes be mapped and cloned. By comparison, there is few researches on the leaf color mutants in wheat. More and more studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is involved in plant-pathogen interaction, whether leaf color mutations affect plant-pathogen interactions are rarely reported.Results: In this study, a leaf color mutant, NAU31, which has fewer tillers, dwarfed plant and improved powdery mildew resistance was identified from regenerated plant of common wheat cv. Yangmai158. Inheritance analysis of NAU31 showed that the above mutant traits were significantly correlated and controlled by a dominant gene, named Tatyd. Linkage analysis of a mapping population between NAU31 and a synthesized wheat W7984 using SSR markers, the Tatyd was preliminary mapped to 2DS. By BSA and linkage analysis using a 55K wheat SNP array, the Tatyd was fine mapped to the terminal region of 2DS, flanked by markers ZH47 and gwm296 and corresponding to a physical interval of 0.76 Mb. Genome-wide gene expression analysis indicated that the impairing of photosynthesis may be responsible for plant yellowing in NAU31. Photosynthetic physiological analysis showed varied chloroplast inner structure in the mesophyll cells of the mutant, and this may lead to reduced chlorophyll content (chlorophyll “a”, Chlorophyll “b”, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), as well as decreased maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and Net photosynthetic rate.Conclusions: A mutant with few-tiller, plant yellowish, dwarfness and improved powdery mildew resistance was identified, and the mutated locus Tatyd was fine mapped to a 0.76 Mb genome region of wheat chromosome 2D. The yellowing trait of NAU31 may be attributed to its reduced photosynthesis ability due to changes of the chloroplast inner structure. The cloning of Tatyd will facilitate dissection of the mechanism involved in chloroplast development of wheat and the regulation of plant development and disease resistance.
Robust widely linear beamforming using estimation of extended covariance matrix and steering vector
Authors: Meng Zhen , Zhou Weidong , Gazor Saeed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The distribution of the received signals in many array processing applications are noncircular. Although optimal widely linear beamformer (WLB) can provide the best performance for noncircular received signals, its performance degrades severely under model mismatches in practical applications. As a remedy, we propose a robust WLB by using a precise reconstruction of extended interference-plus-noise covariance matrix (EINCM) and low-complexity estimator for the extended desired signal steering vector (EDSSV). We propose to first determine the steering vectors, powers and noncircularity coefficients of all signals and the noise power. In contrast to the previous reconstruction methods using the integration over a wide angular sector, we reconstruct the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix (INCM) and the pseudo INCM accurately according to their definitions. By using INCM and pseudo INCM, we can precisely reconstruct the EINCM. We propose to estimate the EDSSV by intersecting two extended subspaces respectively formed by eigendecomposing the extended sample covariance matrix and the extended desired signal covariance matrix. Unlike the convex optimization programming methods, this estimation of EDSSV does not require any optimization programs and yields to a solution with closed expression with low computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed robust WLB provides near optimal performance under several model mismatch cases.
Evaluation of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis within 10 days of onset, with arguments based on histopathological findings
Authors: Hayama Satoshi , Fujita Miri , Senmaru Naoto , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Histopathological findings would impact the timing of early cholecystectomy, but no reports have yet discussed. The aim of this study is to examine the feasible timing for early cholecystectomy based on both conventional clinicopathological data and histopathological findings. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 127 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (AC) at in our institutes between 2010 and 2015. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the interval between surgery and symptom onset (early, £96 h; delayed, >96 h) for comparison of clinical results. In addition, both histopathological findings and clinical results were compared between the early group (£96 h) and a sub-delayed subgroup of patients who underwent cholecystectomy at >96 h but ≦240 h. Results: No significant differences in surgical results were seen between the early group and delayed group. In terms of histopathological findings, the sub-delayed subgroup showed significant phase progression of cholecystitis compared to the early group. However, edema in the gallbladder (GB) wall was comparable in all cases operated on within 240 h, mirroring the lack of significant differences in surgical results seen between early and sub-delayed subgroups. Conclusion: Edema in the GB wall with AC is continuous within 10 days from onset, and emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy within this period is safe and feasible.
Classification of Gastrointestinal Symptom Patterns in Young Adults
Authors: Vivier Helize , Ross Emily Jayne , Cassisi Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to identify common GI symptom groups within a large sample of young adults based on Rome IV functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder (FGID) symptom domains using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - GI symptom scales (PROMIS-GI). The PROMIS-GI is a freely available, adaptable, symptom measurement system that is applicable to most health assessment situations. Methods: Participants were 956 adults between the ages of 18 and 25 who completed the PROMIS-GI as part of ongoing research monitoring physical and psychological health of students at a major southeastern university. GI symptom groups were determined using a latent class analysis (LCA) approach. Homogenous groups of participants (latent classes) were then compared on key psychosocial factors including self-reported mood, anxiety, physical health related quality of life (HRQoL), and diet using MANOVA. Results: Three groups were identified based on GI symptom elevations: Normal (n=649), Mild (n=257), and Moderate (n=50). Self-reported mood and anxiety levels were significantly higher in the mild and moderate GI symptom groups, and physical health HRQoL was significantly lower. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that approximately a third of young adults surveyed were experiencing at least one GI symptom above normative levels. Both the mild and moderate GI groups demonstrated a similar configuration of symptoms with the highest relative elevations in pain, gas/bloating, and nausea/vomiting. Following the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, the configuration of symptoms for the mild and moderate groups were consistent with IBS mixed or unclassified subtypes. Self-reported anxiety and depression increased, and physical functioning decreased with the severity of GI symptoms. Mild to moderate GI symptoms appear to emerge at much earlier ages and are more frequent than previously documented. Based on this study’s findings, it is recommended that health service providers evaluate patterns of GI health when young adults present with anxiety and depression, and conversely, they should assess anxiety and depression when they present with GI complaints.
Health promotion behaviors of pregnant women and spiritual well-being: Mediatory role of pregnancy stress, anxiety, and coping ways
Authors: Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Chehrazi Mohammad , Abdollahi Somayeh , Esfandiari Maria , rizi Shiva Shafie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Little is known the link between and health promotion behaviors and spiritual well-being in pregnant women. The study aimed to address the existing gap in the context to explore the direct and indirect effect of spirituality on health promotion behaviors with mediatory roles of pregnancy stress, anxiety, and coping ways.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to sampled 200 pregnant women aged above 18 years with gestational age of at least 12 weeks. All participants completed five questionnaires including; Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), Spiritual Well-Being scale (SWBS), State-Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Prenatal Coping Inventory (Nu-PCI), and Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ). A PLS-SEM model (Partial Least Square Structural Equation) was applied to determine whether spirituality can affect the health promotion behaviors through anxiety, pregnancy stress and coping ways.Results: HPLP were negatively related to state-anxiety (β =-0.36; P<0.001) and positively to planning-preparation coping (β=0.23; P=0.001). Spirituality directly and negatively affected the state-anxiety (β=-0.41; P<0.001) and NuPDQ (β=-0.36; P<0.001), while a direct and positive significant impact on the coping domains including planning-preparation (β=0.36; P<0.001), avoidance (β=0.46; P<0.001), and spiritual-positive coping (β=0.48; P<0.001). Spirituality had a significant indirect effect on HPLP (β = 0.33; P<0.001), mediated through its association with state-anxiety and planning-preparation coping.Conclusion: Spiritual well-being improves promotion healthy behaviors of pregnant women both directly and indirectly by increases planning-preparation copings and decreases the anxiety.
A transcriptomic analysis reveals novel patterns of gene expression during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Sun Wuping , Yu Zhijian , Yang Shaomin , Jiang Changyu , Kou Yanbo , Xiao lizu , Tang Shuo , Zhu Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass that results from increased fat cell size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes play a critical role for better understanding of the pathological mechanism of obesity. However, the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation is still unclear. Objective: The present study aims to compare the gene expression changes during adipocyte differentiation in the transcriptomic level, which may help to better understand the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation. Methods: RNA sequencing technology, GO and KEGG analysis and quantitative RT-PCR menthod were used in this study. Results: A lot of genes were up- or down- regulated between each two stages of 3T3-L1 adipocyte. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and oxidation-reduction reaction were mainly involved in the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, decreased immune response and cell cycle, adhesion were occurred in the late phase of adipocyte differentiation, which were demonstrated by divergent expression pattern analysis. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression level of Trpv4 , Trpm4 , Trpm5 and Trpm7 were significantly decreased in the differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, the mRNA expression level of Trpv1 , Trpv2 , Trpv6 and Trpc1 were significantly increased. Conclusions: These data presents the description of transcription profile changes in adipocyte differentiation and provides an in-depth analysis of the possible mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation. These data offer new insight into the understanding of the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation.
Predictive value of m5C regulatory gene expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zheng Qingyuan , Chen Yabin , Zhang Qiyao , He Yuting , Guo Wenzhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most malignant digestive tumor. The global incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rapidly trending upwards, necessitating an exploration of potential prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of disease development. One of the most prevalent RNA modifications is 5-methylcytosine (m5C). However, its contribution to PAAD remains unclear. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including genes, copy number variations (CNVs), and simple nucleotide variations (SNVs), were obtained in the present study to identify gene signatures and prognostic values for m5C regulators in PAAD. Results Regulatory gene m5C changes were significantly correlated with TP53, BRCA1, CDKN2A, and ATM genes, which play important roles in PAAD pathogenesis. In particular, there was a significant relationship between m5C regulatory gene CNVs, especially in genes encoding epigenetic “writers”. According to m5C-regulated gene expression in clinically graded cases, one m5C-regulated genes, DNMT3A, showed both a strong effect on CNVs and a significant correlation between expression level and clinical grade (p<0.05). Furthermore, low DNMT3A expression was not only associated with poor PAAD patient prognosis but also with the ribosomal processing. The relationship between low DNMT3A expression and poor prognosis was confirmed in an International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) validation dataset. Conclusion m5C regulatory genes in pancreatic cancer patients that correlate with patient prognosis and survival
Spider Venom Components Decrease Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion Through RhoA-ROCK and Na+/K+-ATPase β2: Potential Molecular Entities to Treat Invasive Brain Cancer
Authors: Barreto Natália , Caballero Marcus , Bonfanti Amanda Pires , Rocha‐e‐Silva Thomaz A.A. da , Sutti Rafael , Verinaud Liana , Rapôso Catarina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GB) cells have the ability to migrate and infiltrate the normal parenchyma, leading to the formation of recurrent tumors often adjacent to the surgical extraction site. We recently showed that Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (PnV) has anticancer effects mainly on the migration of human GB cell lines (NG97 and U-251). The present work aimed to investigate the effects of isolated components from the venom on migration, invasiveness, morphology and adhesion of GB cells. The involvement of RhoA-ROCK signaling and Na+/K+-ATPase β2 (AMOG) was also evaluated.Methods: Human (NG97) GB cells were treated with twelve subfractions (SFs - obtained by HPLC from PnV). Migration and invasion were accessed by scratch wound heling and transwell assays, respectively. Cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton were shown by GFAP and phalloidin labeling. The assay with fibronectin coated well plate was made to evaluate cell adhesion. Western blotting demonstrated ROCK and AMOG levels and a ROCK inhibitor was used to verify the involvement of this pathway.Results: Two (SF1 and SF11) of twelve SFs decreased migration and invasion compared to untreated control cells. Both SFs also altered actin cytoskeleton, changed cell morphology and reduced adhesion. SF1 and SF11 increased ROCK expression and the inhibition of this protein abolished the effects of both subfractions on migration, morphology and adhesion (but not on invasion). SF11 also increased Na+/K+-ATPase β2.Conclusion: All components of the venom were evaluated and two SFs were able to impair human glioblastoma cells. The RhoA effector, ROCK, was shown to be involved in the mechanisms of both PnV components. It is possible that AMOG mediates the effect of SF11 on the invasion. Further investigations to isolate and biochemically characterize the molecules are underway.
Hydrocortisone with Fludrocortisone for Adult Patients with Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: YAMAMOTO RYO , Nahara Isao , Toyosaki Mitsunobu , Fukuda Tatsuma , Masuda Yoshiki , Fujishima Seitaro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : The efficacy of corticosteroids for patients with septic shock remains controversial. Therefore, evaluating a specific corticosteroid treatment could solve the conflicting results of past studies. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the beneficial effects of a dual corticosteroid treatment regime involving administration of both hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for adult patients with septic shock on mortality.Methods : We searched the Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ICHUSHI databases from inception to April 2019. We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials that compared the use of both hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone with either corticosteroid-free or hydrocortisone-only treatments on adult patients with septic shock. Three researchers independently reviewed the studies for design, eligibility criteria of patients, dose of each corticosteroid, and duration of corticosteroid therapy following PRISMA guidelines. The random-effects models and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation were applied to rate the quality of the evidence. Primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, long-term mortality, shock reversal, and adverse events. Results : Among the four studies eligible for data synthesis, we included 2050 patients from three studies for quantitative synthesis. All studies used similar regimens (50 mg intravenous bolus of hydrocortisone every 6 h and 50 μg tablets of fludrocortisone once daily for 7 days without tapering). The 28-day mortality rate was reduced after dual corticosteroid treatment [risk ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.78–0.99]. The heterogeneity between the studies was low (I² = 0%). Furthermore, the certainty in the effect estimates was high. Patients that underwent dual corticosteroid treatment had lower long-term mortality rates (RR, 0.90, 95% CI, 0.83–0.98) and higher rate of shock reversal after 28 days (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12) than control patients. Adverse events (except for hyperglycemia) were similar among the treatment groups.Conclusions : The available evidence suggests that a combination of fludrocortisone and hydrocortisone is more effective than adjunctive therapy and may be recommended for patients with septic shock.
Polygenic risk score for early prediction of sepsis risk in the polytrauma screening cohort
Authors: Lu Hongxiang , Wen Dalin , Sun Jianhui , Du Juan , Qiao Liang , Zhang Huacai , Zeng Ling , Zhang Lianyang , Jiang Jianxin , Zhang Anqiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing genetic variants associated with sepsis have been identified by candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies, but single variant conferred minimal alterations in risk prediction. Our aimed to evaluate whether a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) that aggregate information from multiple variants could improve risk discrimination of traumatic sepsis . Methods: 64 genetic variants potential relating to sepsis were genotyped in Chinese trauma cohort. Genetic variants with mean decrease accuracy (MDA)>1.0 by random forest algorithms were selected to construct the multilocus wGRS. Area under curve (AUC) and Net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to evaluate the discriminatory and reclassification ability of wGRS. Results: Seventeen variants were extracted to construct the wGRS in 883 trauma patients. The wGRS was significantly associated with traumatic sepsis (OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.53-3.15, P=2.01×10 -5 ) after adjusted by age, sex, and ISS. Patients with higher wGRS have an increasing incidence of traumatic sepsis (P trend =6.81×10 -8 ), higher SOFA (P trend =5.00×10 -3 ) and APACHEII score (P trend =1.00×10 -3 ). The AUC of risk prediction model incorporating wGRS into the clinical variables was 0.768 (95%CI=0.739-0.796), with an increase of 3.40% (P=8.00×10 -4 ) versus clinical factors-only model. Furthermore, the NRI increased 25.18% (95%CI=17.84-32.51%) (P=6.00×10 -5 ). Conclusions: Our finding indicated that genetic predictors could improve the predictive ability of risk model for sepsis and highlighted the application among trauma populations, indicating that the sepsis risk assessment model will be a promising tool for high risk population screening and prediction.
Duration of antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial of a C-reactive protein-based protocol versus an evidence-based best practice strategy without biomarkers
Authors: Borges Isabela Nascimento , Carneiro Rafael , Bergo Rafael , Martins Larissa , Colosimo Enrico , Oliveira Carolina , Saturnino Saulo , Andrade Marcus Vinícius , Ravetti Cecília , Nobre Vandack 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The rational use of antibiotics is one of the main strategies to limit the development of bacterial resistance . We therefore sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a C reactive protein-based protocol in reducing antibiotic treatment time in critically ill patients.Methods: A randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial conducted in two intensive care units of a university hospital in Brazil. Critically ill infected adult patients were randomly allocated to: i) intervention to receive antibiotics guided by daily monitoring of CRP levels, and ii) control to receive antibiotics according to the best practices for rational use of antibiotics.Results : 130 patients were included in the CRP (n=64) and control (n=66) groups. In the intention to treat analysis, the median duration of antibiotic therapy for the index infectious episode was 7.0 (5.0-8.8) days in the CRP and 7.0 (7.0-11.3) days in the control (p = 0.011) groups. A significant difference in the treatment time between the two groups was identified in the curve of cumulative suspension of antibiotics, with less exposure in the CRP group (p = 0.007). In the per protocol analysis, involving 59 patients in each group, the median duration of antibiotic treatment was 6.0 (5.0-8.0) days for the CRP and 7.0 (7.0- 10.0) days for the control (p = 0.011) groups. Conclusions: Daily monitoring of CRP levels may aid in the reduction of antibiotic treatment time of critically ill patients, even in a scenario of judicious use of antimicrobials. Trial Registry : ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02987790. Registered 09 December 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02987790 .