bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost utility analysis of HIV pre exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Israel
Authors: Ginsberg G. M. , Chemtob D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Between 2011 and 2015, Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for nearly half of new HIV cases among men in Israel. This study carries out a cost-utility analysis of PrEP (HIV Pre Exposure Prophylaxis), an antiretroviral medication that can protect against the acquisition of HIV infection, whose incidence rate in Israel is around 1.74 per 1000 MSM.

Method
Epidemiological, demographic, health service utilisation and economic data were integrated into a spread-sheet model in order to calculate the cost per averted disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of the intervention from a societal perspective, in mid-2018 US$ using a 3% discount rate. Cost utility analyses were performed for both types of PrEP delivery (continuous regimen and on-demand), together with sensitivity analyses on numbers of condom users who take up PrEP (baseline 25%) and subsequently abandon condom use (baseline 75%), PrEP efficacy (baseline 86%), PrEP prices and monitoring costs.

Results
Around 21.3% of MSM are high risk (as defined by having unprotected anal intercourse). Offering PrEP to this group would have a ten year net cost of around 1563 million USD, preventing 493 persons from becoming HIV-positive, averting around 1616 DALYs at a cost per averted DALY of around 967,744 USD. This will render the intervention to be not cost-effective. PrEP drug prices would have to fall dramatically (by 90.7%) for the intervention to become cost-effective (i.e. having a cost per averted DALY less than thrice GNP per capita) in Israel. PrEP remains not cost-effective (at 475,673 USD per averted DALY) even if intervention costs were reduced by using an “on demand” instead of a daily schedule. Even if there were no changes in condom use, the resultant 411,694 USD cost-utility ratio is still not cost-effective.

Conclusions
Despite PrEPs high effectiveness against HIV, PrEP was found not to be cost-effective in the Israeli context because of a combination of relatively low HIV incidence, high PrEP costs, with a likelyhood that some low-risk MSM (ie: who use condoms) may well begin taking PrEP and as a consequence many of these will abandon condom use. Therefore, ways of minimizing these last two phenomena need to be found.
A report on the use of a single intra-articular administration of autologous platelet therapy in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model - a preliminary study
Authors: Alves J. C. , Santos A. , Jorge P. , Lavrador C. , Carreira L. Miguel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) represents a significant burden to societies, as it affects quality of life, performance and poses a large healthcare cost. We aimed to describe the use of a single intra-articular (IA) injection of an autologous platelet therapy in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) in a naturally occurring canine model.MethodsFifteen police working dogs with bilateral hip OA were treated with 3 ml of platelet concentrate per hip joint, produced with the V-PET kit. Response to treatment was measured by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI, divided in pain interference score – PIS, and Pain Severity Score - PSS), Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD), Canine Orthopedic Index (COI, divided in four dimensions: function, gait, stiffness and quality of life - QOL) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS). Seven different time points were considered: T0 (before treatment), T1 (after 15 days), T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 (after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months respectively). Results from each evaluation moment were compared with T0 with a Paired Samples T-Test, and ap < 0.05 was set.ResultsSignificant differences were observed at T1 (p < 0.01 for HVAS, PSS, COI, Gait and QOL;p = 0.01 for PIS;p = 0.02 for Function; andp < 0.05 for Stiffness), T2 (p < 0.01 for PSS, PIS and Gait;p = 0.01 for COI;p = 0.02 for HVAS, Function and QOL; andp = 0.04 for Stiffness), T3 (p < 0.01 for HVAS, PSS, PIS, Function and Gait;p = 0.01 for COI; andp = 0.02 for QOL), T4 (p < 0.01 for PSS;p = 0.03 for PIS and Gait), T5 (p < 0.01 for COI, Function and Gait;p = 0.03 for PSS, PIS and Stiffness), T6 (p < 0.01 for PSS, Function and Gait;p = 0.04 for PIS;p < 0.05 for COI) and T7 (p < 0.01 for PSS, Function and Gait;p = 0.01 for COI; andp < 0.05 for PIS).ConclusionsAutologous platelet therapy was used without apparent harm in the subjects. A single administration produced significant improvements, which lasted several months, and therefore warrants further study.
Effectiveness and safety assessment of drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol tablet in treatment of PCOS patients: a single center, prospective, observational study
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Ruiqin , Zeng Jing , Ke Hu , Peng Xiuhong , Huang Liying , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Zhijing , Li Tian Tian , Tan Qiuxiao , Yang Ying , Li Xiaofang , Li Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of 3 mg drospirenone and 20 μg ethinyl estradiol tablet (3 mg DRSP/20 μg EE) in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsThis single center, prospective observational study was conducted in 140 patients with PCOS. They were prescribed 3 mg DRSP/20 μg EE in a 24/4/ regimen for 3 months. Patients were instructed to take oral DRSP/EE tablets (once daily) on the 2nd day of menstruation, for 28 consecutive days for 1 cycle. After 3 months of treatment, anthropometric assessments along with variations in sex hormones related index, glucolipid metabolic index, changes in bilateral ovarian volume, as well as adverse effect of the combination were evaluated.ResultsWhen compared to baseline, body mass index (BMI, 22.07 ± 4.09 vs. 21.35 ± 3.22,p < 0.001) and waist hip ratio (WHR, 0.86 ± 0.07 vs. 0.854 ± 0.06,p = 0.026) decreased significantly after treatment. Sex-hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) (10.88 vs. 5.81 U/L), testosterone (T) (1.85 vs. 1.51 nmol/L) and free androgen index (FAI) (5.37 vs. 1.50) decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.001). Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) increased significantly at 3 months as compared to before treatment (5.13 vs. 5.42 U/L,p = 0.009). Plasma insulin (11.03 vs. 11.10 pmol/L), fasting (4.97 vs. 4.93 mmol/L) and 2 h-blood glucose levels (7.18 vs. 7.04 mmol/L) did not change when compared to baseline. Plasma triglycerides (TG, 1.32 vs. 1.65 mmol/L) significantly increased 3 months after treatment when compared to before treatment (p < 0.001). However, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased significantly after treatment (1.41 vs. 1.57 mmol/L,p < 0.001). It was seen that, when compared to baseline, bilateral ovarian volume (left and right) was significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). It was seen that 81 patients reported no adverse reactions. Of the common discomforts reported, breast swelling and pain, gastrointestinal disorder and dizziness and headache were most frequent.ConclusionsTreatment of PCOS patients with3 mg DRSP/20 μg EE has shown beneficial hormonal and lipid profile along with considerable safety profile.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial RegistryChiCTR1900022001, March 2019, retrospectively registered.
MHealth and perceived quality of care delivery: a conceptual model and validation
Authors: O’Connor Yvonne , Andreev Pavel , O’Reilly Philip 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this research is to examine, conceptualize, and empirically validate a model of mobile health (mHealth) impacts on physicians’ perceived quality of care delivery (PQoC).MethodsObservational quasi-experimental one group posttest-only design was implemented through the empirical testing of the conceptual model with nine hypotheses related to the association of task and technology characteristics, self-efficacy, m-health utilization, task-technology fit (TTF), and their relationships with PQoC. Primary data was collected over a four-month period from acute care physicians in The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada. The self-reported data was collected by employing a survey and distributed through the internal hospital channels to physicians who adopted iPads for their daily activities.ResultsPhysicians’ PQoC was found to be positively affected by the level of mHealth utilization and TTF, while the magnitude of the TTF direct effect was two times stronger than utilization. Additionally, self-efficacy has the highest direct and total effect on mHealth utilization; in the formation of TTF, technological characteristics dominate followed by task characteristics.ConclusionTo date, the impact of utilized mHealth on PQoC has neither been richly theorized nor explored in depth. We address this gap in existing literature. Realizing how an organization can improve TTF will lead to better PQoC.
Perceptions of resuscitation care among in-hospital cardiac arrest responders: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Mullangi Samyukta , Bhandari Rohan , Thanaporn Porama , Christensen Mary , Kronick Steven , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) occur commonly and are associated with poor survival and variable outcomes. This study aimed to directly survey IHCA responders to understand their perceptions of resuscitation care.

Methods
As part of a quality improvement initiative, we surveyed participating providers of IHCAs at our institution from Jan 2014 to May 2016. The survey included unstructured free text feedback, which was the focus of this study. We systematically coded the free text and organized identifiable latent themes using thematic analysis.
We used the natural timeline of an IHCA – pre-arrest, arrest, and post-arrest – for organization of the identifiable latent themes, and created a separate category for holistic remarks that arched across the timeline.

Results
We identified 172 IHCAs with a mean of 1.7 responses per arrest (range: 1–8 responses). The mean age of this patient population was 59 years at the time of arrest, and 107 (62%) were men.
We identified several themes - [1] issues around code activation and code status characterized the pre-arrest period [2] ,team interactions and issues around supplies/equipment dominated the intra-arrest period, and [3] code cessation and transitions of care typified the post-arrest period. Holistic remarks focused on attentiveness paid by the arrest team to patient comfort and family. Some comments reflected positive experiences but most focused on areas of improvement consistent with the initiative’s purpose. In certain cases, we identified a tension between the need to balance established resuscitation protocols with flexibility required by real-life circumstances.

Conclusions
Directly surveying those who participated in IHCAs led to novel insights about their experiences. Our findings suggest that parsing through such qualitative feedback can help hospitals identify areas of improvement, modulate expectations, temper emotions, and refine protocols.
Using point-of-care C-reactive protein to guide antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents (UPCARE): study design of a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boere Tjarda M. , van Buul Laura W. , Hopstaken Rogier M. , Veenhuizen Ruth B. , van Tulder Maurits W. , Cals Jochen W. L. , Verheij Theo J. M. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are over-prescribed for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in nursing home residents due to diagnostic uncertainty. Inappropriate antibiotic use is undesirable both on patient level, considering their exposure to side effects and drug interactions, and on societal level, given the development of antibiotic resistance. C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing (POCT) may be a promising diagnostic tool to reduce antibiotic prescribing for LRTI in nursing homes. The UPCARE study will evaluate whether the use of CRP POCT for suspected LRTI is (cost-) effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing in the nursing home setting.Methods/designA cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted in eleven nursing homes in the Netherlands, with the nursing home as the unit of randomization. Residents with suspected LRTI who reside at a psychogeriatric, somatic, or geriatric rehabilitation ward are eligible for study participation. Nursing homes in the intervention group will provide care as usual with the possibility to use CRP POCT, and the control group will provide care as usual without CRP POCT for residents with (suspected) LRTI. Data will be collected from September 2018 for approximately 1.5 year, using case report forms that are integrated in the electronic patient record system. The primary study outcome is antibiotic prescribing for suspected LRTI at index consultation (yes/no).DiscussionThis is the first randomised trial to evaluate the effect of nursing home access to and training in the use of CRP POCT on antibiotic prescribing for LRTI, yielding high-level evidence and contributing to antibiotic stewardship in the nursing home setting. The relatively broad inclusion criteria and the pragmatic study design add to the applicability and generalizability of the study results.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register, TrialNL5054. Registered 29 August 2018.
Estimating the burden of iron deficiency among African children
Authors: Muriuki John Muthii , Mentzer Alexander J. , Webb Emily L. , Morovat Alireza , Kimita Wandia , Ndungu Francis M. , Macharia Alex W. , Crane Rosie J. , Berkley James A. , Lule Swaib A. , Cutland Clare , Sirima Sodiomon B. , Diarra Amidou , Tiono Alfred B. , Bejon Philip , Madhi Shabir A. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Prentice Andrew M. , Suchdev Parminder S. , Elliott Alison M. , Williams Thomas N. , Atkinson Sarah H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency (ID) is a major public health burden in African children and accurate prevalence estimates are important for effective nutritional interventions. However, ID may be incorrectly estimated in Africa because most measures of iron status are altered by inflammation and infections such as malaria. Through the current study, we have assessed different approaches to the prediction of iron status and estimated the burden of ID in African children.MethodsWe assayed iron and inflammatory biomarkers in 4853 children aged 0–8 years from Kenya, Uganda, Burkina Faso, South Africa, and The Gambia. We described iron status and its relationship with age, sex, inflammation, and malaria parasitemia. We defined ID using the WHO guideline (ferritin < 12 μg/L or < 30 μg/L in the presence of inflammation in children < 5 years old or < 15 μg/L in children ≥ 5 years old). We compared this with a recently proposed gold standard, which uses regression-correction for ferritin levels based on the relationship between ferritin levels, inflammatory markers, and malaria. We further investigated the utility of other iron biomarkers in predicting ID using the inflammation and malaria regression-corrected estimate as a gold standard.ResultsThe prevalence of ID was highest at 1 year of age and in male infants. Inflammation and malaria parasitemia were associated with all iron biomarkers, although transferrin saturation was least affected. Overall prevalence of WHO-defined ID was 34% compared to 52% using the inflammation and malaria regression-corrected estimate. This unidentified burden of ID increased with age and was highest in countries with high prevalence of inflammation and malaria, where up to a quarter of iron-deficient children were misclassified as iron replete. Transferrin saturation < 11% most closely predicted the prevalence of ID according to the regression-correction gold standard.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ID is underestimated in African children when defined using the WHO guidelines, especially in malaria-endemic populations, and the use of transferrin saturation may provide a more accurate approach. Further research is needed to identify the most accurate measures for determining the prevalence of ID in sub-Saharan Africa.
The role of SOCS3 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rat model of inflammatory pain
Authors: Meng Na , Ji Ning-Ning , Zhou Ziming , Qian Yicheng , Tang Yu , Yang Kangbo , Chen Binbin , Zhang Yong-Mei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory molecular signals are modulated by a variety of intracellular transduction pathways, the activation of which may induce and amplify the spread of inflammatory response. Suppresser of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an established negative feedback regulation transcription factor associated with tumor, diabetes mellitus, inflammation and anaphylaxis. Herein, we investigated whether SOCS3 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) can attenuate pro-inflammatory responses, and thereby relieve the inflammatory pain.

Methods
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing SOCS3 was pre-injected into the PVN. Three weeks later, rat model of chronic inflammatory pain was established via subcutaneous injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the plantar center of hind paws. The therapeutic effect of SOCS3 was tested by the measurement of thermal and mechanical allodynia. In mechanistic study, the protein level of SOCS3 was evaluated by Western blotting, and the expression of c-fos and Iba-1 were assessed by immunofluorescent staining.

Results
Inflammatory pain was associated with upregulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) and SOCS3 in PVN in the acute phase. Thermal hyperalgesia can be relieved by intra-PVN injection of IL-6 neutralizing antibody (NA). Meanwhile, the upregulated c-fos and microglial activation was reversed. Furthermore, SOCS3 expression in PVN was downregulated in the chronic phase. Intra-PVN injection of AAV overexpressing SOCS3 suppressed the activation of neurons and attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.

Conclusion
Inhibition of IL-6 signaling attenuated inflammatory hyperalgesia in the acute phase. SOCS3 overexpression in the PVN attenuated inflammatory pain in the chronic phase via suppression of neuronal activation.
Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Paoli Antonio , Mancin Laura , Giacona Maria Cristina , Bianco Antonino , Caprio Massimiliano 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women during reproductive age. It is characterised clinically by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyper-androgenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The onset of PCOS has been associated to several hereditary and environmental factors, but insulin resistance plays a key pathogenetic role. We sought to investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on women of childbearing age with a diagnosis of PCOS.

Methods
Fourteen overweight women with diagnosis of PCOS underwent to a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phyoextracts (KEMEPHY) for 12 week. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat body mass (FBM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs), estradiol, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and Ferriman Gallwey score were evaluated.

Results
After 12 weeks, anthropometric and body composition measurements revealed a significant reduction of body weight (− 9.43 kg), BMI (− 3.35), FBM (8.29 kg) and VAT. There was a significant, slightly decrease of LBM. A significant decrease in glucose and insulin blood levels were observed, together with a significant improvement of HOMA-IR. A significant decrease of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were observed along with a rise in HDL levels. The LH/FSH ratio, LH total and free testosterone, and DHEAS blood levels were also significantly reduced. Estradiol, progesterone and SHBG increased. The Ferriman Gallwey Score was slightly, although not significantly, reduced.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a KD may be considered as a valuable non pharmacological treatment for PCOS. Longer treatment periods should be tested to verify the effect of a KD on the dermatological aspects of PCOS.
Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04163120, registrered 10 November 2019, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Naringin provides neuroprotection in CCL2-induced cognition impairment by attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus
Authors: Long Jiang-yi , Chen Jian-min , Liao Yuan-jun , Zhou Yi-jun , Liang Bing-yu , Zhou Yan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is one of the most widely recognised proinflammatory chemokines in cognitive disorders. Currently, CCL2-targeting drugs are extremely limited. Thus, this study aimed to explore the neuroprotection afforded by naringin in CCL2-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Methods
Before the CCL2 intra-hippocampal injection, rats were treated with naringin for 3 consecutive days via intraperitoneal injection. Two days post-surgery, the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests were performed to detect spatial learning and memory and object cognition, respectively. Nissl staining and dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining were performed to assess histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Commercial kits were used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1β, (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 8 (caspase-8), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (caspase-3), cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).

Results
In the MWM, the average escape latency and average swimming distance were significantly reduced and the crossing times were increased in the naringin-treated groups, compared with the CCL2 group. The NORT results revealed that, compared with the CCL2 rats, the discrimination index in the naringin-treated rats increased significantly. Nissl and TUNEL staining revealed that naringin protected the structure and survival of the neurons in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus. In the naringin-treated groups, the SOD and GSH-Px activities were increased, whereas the MDA levels were decreased. Furthermore, in the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly decreased; GLAST and GLT-1 mRNA expression levels were increased, whereas PAG was decreased. In the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-3, and Bax were decreased, whereas that of Bcl-2 was increased.

Conclusion
Collectively, these data indicated that naringin alleviated the CCL2-induced cognitive impairment. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with the inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the regulation of glutamate metabolism.