bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational transition outcomes of children and adolescents with clinically relevant emotional or behavioural disorders: results of a systematic review
Authors: Metzner Franka , Wichmann Michelle Lok‐Yan , Mays Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Educational transitions are associated with significant changes. If students cannot overcome these challenges, their well‐being and motivation may be impaired. Students with clinically relevant emotional or behavioural disorders (EBDs) are at risk for negative transitional experiences. We conducted a systematic review summarising transitional outcomes of students with EBDs. After an electronic search in eight scientific databases, 4,930 publications were screened against six inclusion criteria. Two coders assessed the eligibility of 181 full‐texts. We included k = 22 studies published in English or German (1988–2017). Students with autism (k = 15) and transitions out of school (k = 13) were examined most frequently. Well‐being, achievements, social participation, support and expectations were observed. Poor well‐being and social difficulties were prevalent, but often adjusted over time. The results are limited by the inclusion criteria and search procedures. Nevertheless, the review closes a research gap and has implications for the implementation of interventions and a supportive transition environment for students with clinically relevant EBDs. Further research on individual changes and supportive approaches during transitions is needed.
Mindfulness and the ‘psychological imagination’
Authors: Nehring Daniel , Frawley Ashley 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe analyse the rise of ‘mindfulness’ in English language media discourses and contextualise it in terms of its expression of a persistent underlying ‘psychological imagination’ in contemporary thinking about social problems. An inversion of C. Wright Mills’ much‐cited sociological imagination, the psychological imagination draws on medical‐scientific authority to treat social problems as private concerns rooted in individual biology, mentality and behaviour. We analyse the roles which academic claims‐making, commercial interests and mass mediatisation have played in the rise of mindfulness from the late 1970s onwards. We first map the translation of mindfulness from Buddhist philosophy into Western psychotherapy and popular psychology before considering its emergence and expression in the public sphere of news media claims‐making. We argue that where the sociological imagination ‘promised’ above all the treatment of private troubles as public issues and insights into the ‘human variety’ produced by myriad ways of living, the psychological imagination promises the isolation of public issues as private concerns rooted in individual biology, mentality and behaviour. The psychological imagination permeates the expression of mindfulness as a solution to social ills and symbolises the comparative decline of assumptions implicit in Mills’ 20th century rousing call to social scientists.
Crossing the buffer: ontological anxiety among US evangelicals and an anthropological theory of mind
Authors: Brahinsky Joshua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScholars describe the dominant model of mind in the United States as secular: bounded, private, supernaturally inert, and the locus for self and identity. I argue that US charismatic evangelicals live with the secular sense of a seemingly immutable boundary between the immaterial mind‐self and the material world – what Charles Taylor might call ‘boundedness’ – but at the same time, their commitment to supernatural connection means they imagine the mind‐world boundary as porous under certain circumstances: a brittle, fragile buffer between the natural and the supernatural. To allow this porosity, charismatics develop strategies for crossing the buffer, which include spoken prayer, powerful emotions, playful modes of pretend, and bodily rupture or ‘breaking in’. These strategies provide evidence that the supernatural is real. Yet practitioners remain anxious about the relationship between these supernatural experiences and the scepticism around them. This ‘ontological anxiety’ becomes visible in three ways. First, charismatics cultivate intense bodily sensations that demonstrate the reality of God. Second, they describe their experience with a ‘common‐sense realism’. Finally, charismatics are disturbed by the incoherence between their evangelical and secular impulses around the possibility of mental action.
Empirical examination of the role of fintech in monetary policy
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad Z. , Smith Zachary A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, technological innovations have changed the dynamics of the financial system. As a result, firms have used cellular phones, the Internet, and digital currencies to facilitate exchanges and operate their businesses. This course of action affects the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. The goal of the present study is to examine the role that fintech plays in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. First, we analyse the income velocity and the money multiplier during pre‐fintech and post‐fintech periods. The results confirm that there is no change in income velocity and the money multiplier during these periods. Second, we develop the money demand function to examine the effect of monetary policy and demonstrate that low monetary policy rates lead to an increase in money demand. When we introduce fintech components to examine their impact on money demand, we find that mobile and Internet technologies and all digital currencies considered in this study are robust predictors of money demand. Third, we analyse the product market equation and report that after the initiation of fintech, monetary policy has a significant effect. To examine the cost function, we incorporate fintech components and identify that cellular phones, Internet technology, Litecoin, and Ethereum are the determinants of the output gap. Finally, we examine the drivers of fintech and determine that the real interest rate, GDP, inflation, the financial development index, and stock market indices are significant determinants of fintech.
The ‘Holy Days’ of Queen Elizabeth I
Authors: MEARS NATALIE , WILLIAMSON PHILIP 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe annual celebrations of the accession day and birthday of Queen Elizabeth I are a familiar subject in studies of her reign, yet their beginnings, status and purpose have remained uncertain. By examining revisions of the calendar of the Church of England published in the Book of Common Prayer from early in the reign, this article establishes the dates of the first recognition of these public anniversaries. It questions the weight that has been attached to the evidence for these occasions provided in churchwardens’ accounts, and challenges the conventional interpretations that accession day began and spread as wholly spontaneous, local and popular festivities, and expressed a straightforward patriotic ‘cult’ of the queen. While agreeing that they were not holidays, and explaining that they were not strictly ‘holy days’, it is argued that the two anniversaries began as and continued to be religious occasions, and that their origins are best understood in terms of the religious politics of the Elizabethan state. As other scholars have shown by careful exegesis of sermons addressed to the queen, ‘godly’ clergy persistently urged her to undertake further protestant reformation and firmer anti‐Catholic measures. With the anniversaries and in the forms of prayer for accession day, archbishops and bishops provided opportunities and texts both to sustain loyalty to the actual queen and to stimulate hopes of an ideal queen who would more completely fulfil their understanding of her providential role.
Distinct HLA and non‐HLA associations in different subtypes of ANCA‐associated vasculitides in North India
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Sharma Aman , Rani Lekha , Kaur Navchetan , Anand Shashi , Saikia Biman , Jha Saket , Nada Ritambhra , Minz Ranjana Walker 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing small vessel vasculitis that can affect various organs and present multiple symptoms. Susceptibility to AAV is multifactorial and most likely caused by an amalgamation of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1/DQB1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) polymorphisms in North Indian AAV patients and their associations with clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the disease.MethodsA total of 150 AAV patients and 150 healthy controls were recruited. The clinical classification showed 128 as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and 21 as microscopic polyangiitis. Only 1 case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was encountered, which was excluded from analysis. HLA‐DRB1/DQB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) method and single nucleotide variant genotyping for CTLA‐4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe‐based SNP arrays.ResultsA significant predispositional association of DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 alleles, were confirmed in proteinase 3 (PR3)‐AAV patients, whereas DRB1*10, DRB1*14 and DQB1*05 were protective alleles in AAV, PR3‐AAV and GPA patients. GG genotype of CTLA‐4 + 49A/G was increased in patients as compared to controls and showed an association with AAV, PR3‐AAV and GPA patients.ConclusionThe study indicated strong genetic associations were linked with PR3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody specificity and it appears that PR3‐AAV and MPO‐AAV have distinct genetic backgrounds.
Exposure to surgery is associated with better long‐term outcomes in patients admitted to Swedish intensive care units
Authors: Jawad Monir , Baigi Amir , Chew Michelle 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLong‐term outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after surgery are unknown. We investigated the long‐term effects of surgical exposure prior to ICU admission.MethodsRegistry‐based cohort study. The adjusted effect of surgical exposure for mortality was examined using Cox regression. Secondary analysis with conditional logistic regression in a case‐control subpopulation matched for age, gender, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) was also conducted.Results72 242 adult patients (56.9% males, median age 66 years [IQR 50‐76]), admitted to Swedish ICUs in 3‐year (2012‐2014) were followed for a median of 2026 days (IQR 1745‐2293). Cardiovascular diseases (17.5%), respiratory diseases (15.8%), trauma (11.2%), and infections (11.4%) were the leading causes for ICU admission. Mortality at longest follow‐up was 49.4%. Age; SAPS3; admissions due to malignancies, respiratory, cardiovascular and renal diseases; and transfer to another ICU were associated with increased mortality. Surgical exposure prior to ICU admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.87‐0.94; P < .001), admissions from the operation theatre (aHR 0.94; CI 0.90‐0.99; P = .022) or post‐anaesthesia care unit (aHR 0.92; CI 0.87‐0.97; P = .003) were associated with decreased mortality. Conditional logistic regression confirmed the association between surgical exposure and decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.82; CI 0.75‐0.91; P < .001).ConclusionsLong‐term ICU mortality was associated with known risk factors such as age and SAPS3. Transfer to other ICUs also appeared to be a risk factor and requires further investigation. Prior surgical exposure was associated with better outcomes, a noteworthy observation given limited ICU admissions after surgery in Sweden.
Barriers and aids to routine neuromuscular monitoring and consistent reversal practice—A qualitative study
Authors: Thomsen Jakob L. D. , Marty Adrian P. , Wakatsuki Shin , Macario Alex , Tanaka Pedro , Gätke Mona R. , Østergaard Doris 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundNeuromuscular monitoring is recommended whenever a neuromuscular blocking agent is administered, but surveys have demonstrated inconsistent monitoring practices. Using qualitative methods, we aimed to explore barriers and aids to routine neuromuscular monitoring and consistent reversal practice.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted to obtain insights into the thoughts and attitudes of individual anaesthetists, as well as the influence of colleagues and department culture. Interviews were conducted at five Danish and one US hospital. Data were analysed using template analysis.ResultsDanish anaesthetists used objective neuromuscular monitoring when administering a non‐depolarizing relaxant, but had challenges with calibrating the monitor and sometimes interpreting measurements. Residents from the US institution used subjective neuromuscular monitoring, objective neuromuscular monitoring was generally not available and most had not used it. Danish anaesthetists used neuromuscular monitoring to assess readiness for extubation, whereas US residents used subjective neuromuscular monitoring, clinical tests like 5‐second head lift and ventilatory parameters. The residents described a lack of consensus between senior anaesthesiologists in reversal practice and monitoring use. Barriers to consistent and correct neuromuscular monitoring identified included unreliable equipment, time pressure, need for training, misconceptions about pharmacokinetics of neuromuscular blocking agents and residual block, lack of standards and guidelines and departmental culture.ConclusionUsing qualitative methods, we found that though Danish anaesthetists generally apply objective neuromuscular monitoring routinely and residents at the US institution often apply subjective neuromuscular monitoring, barriers to consistent and correct use still exist.
Homelessness and the Universal Family in China
Authors: He Huili , Su Zhihao , Zhao Jianjun , Pang Yihui , Wang Zhihe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDepending on how one defines homelessness, China has either a very tiny homeless population or an extremely large one. Compared to other countries, there very few vagrants: people living on the streets of China's cities without means of support. But if one counts the people who migrated to cities without a legal permit (hukou), work as day laborers without job security or a company dormitory, and live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions on the edge of cities, there are nearly 300 million homeless. Free market fundamentalism is responsible for the emergence of this sort of homelessness in China. We review China's recent new policies to tackle homelessness and offer suggestions based on the traditional Chinese wisdom, which includes the concept of the universal family (family ‐ tian xia). Homelessness in China must be addressed as a cultural problem caused by the breakdown of ancient methods of social integration. Treating it merely as a housing deficit will fail.
Predictors of successful ring pessary use in women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Turel Fatakia Friyan , Pixton Sarah , Caudwell Hall Jessica , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common chronic health issue. Pessary rings are used for conservative management. To date, there is little evidence on objective anatomical findings as predictors of successful ring pessary management.AimTo determine any association between history, clinical and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound (TLUS)/pelvic floor ultrasound examination and pessary success.Materials and MethodsFrom November 2013 to November 1015, all new patients presenting with symptomatic prolapse to a tertiary urogynaecological unit underwent an assessment including interview, clinical examination, that is, International Continence Society POPQ (pelvic organ prolapse quantification) and TLUS. Women with symptomatic prolapse were offered conservative management with a ring pessary. Those who agreed had a ring inserted that day. Successful trial of pessary use was defined as continued use for at least three months. Retrospective analysis of imaging data was performed blinded to other data. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between history, examination and imaging and pessary success.ResultsOf 525 patients seen during the inclusion period, 177 had symptomatic prolapse. One hundred and twenty‐eight were offered a pessary, 89 accepted. Five had incomplete data, leaving 84. Forty‐ Two (50%) were still using the pessary at a three‐month follow‐up. Predictors associated with failure included being pre‐menopausal (P = 0.031), a previous hysterectomy (P = 0.051), increasing genital hiatus and perineal body (Gh + Pb) (P = 0.013), posterior compartment prolapse (P = 0.027) and a larger hiatal area on Valsalva on TLUS (P = 0.049). Pre‐menopausal status (P = 0.003), increasing Gh + Pb (P = 0.011) and previous hysterectomy (P = 0.001) remained significant on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsA history of previous hysterectomy is a predictor of pessary failure as are Gh+Pb on Valsalva and premenopausal status.
Exploiting nonsystematic covariate monitoring to broaden the scope of evidence about the causal effects of adaptive treatment strategies
Authors: Kreif Noémi , Sofrygin Oleg , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Adams Alyce S. , Grant Richard W. , Zhu Zheng , van der Laan Mark J. , Neugebauer Romain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn studies based on electronic health records (EHR), the frequency of covariate monitoring can vary by covariate type, across patients, and over time, which can limit the generalizability of inferences about the effects of adaptive treatment strategies. In addition, monitoring is a health intervention in itself with costs and benefits, and stakeholders may be interested in the effect of monitoring when adopting adaptive treatment strategies. This paper demonstrates how to exploit nonsystematic covariate monitoring in EHR‐based studies to both improve the generalizability of causal inferences and to evaluate the health impact of monitoring when evaluating adaptive treatment strategies. Using a real world, EHR‐based, comparative effectiveness research (CER) study of patients with type II diabetes mellitus, we illustrate how the evaluation of joint dynamic treatment and static monitoring interventions can improve CER evidence and describe two alternate estimation approaches based on inverse probability weighting (IPW). First, we demonstrate the poor performance of the standard estimator of the effects of joint treatment‐monitoring interventions, due to a large decrease in data support and concerns over finite‐sample bias from near‐violations of the positivity assumption (PA) for the monitoring process. Second, we detail an alternate IPW estimator using a no direct effect assumption. We demonstrate that this estimator can improve efficiency but at the potential cost of increase in bias from violations of the PA for the treatment process.
Public transit and air pollution: Evidence from Canadian transit strikes
Authors: Rivers Nicholas , Saberian Soodeh , Schaufele Brandon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the causal impacts of public transit on local air pollution. Exploiting variation in transit availability resulting from transit strikes in 18 Canadian cities between 1974 and 2011, this study identifies the short‐run effect of public transit on air pollution. Our findings indicate that transit leads to a 3.5 part per billion increase in nitrogen oxides while having no statistically significant effect on carbon monoxide or PM2.5. Estimates are robust to a series of specification tests and magnitudes are consistent with a calibrated simulation model. Overall, the results suggest that expanding the current configuration of public transit in North American cities is unlikely to yield improvements in local air quality.
Regulatory B cells in neuroimmunological diseases
Authors: Miyazaki Yusei , Niino Masaaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe idea that B cells participate in immune regulation was initially postulated from observations in animals in the 1970s. It is now established that certain B‐cell populations, known as regulatory B cells, regulate immune reactions in various animal models of autoimmunity, chiefly through the production of interleukin‐10. Subsequent to these findings in animals, several B‐cell subsets have been identified in human blood that are capable of producing interleukin‐10 when stimulated ex vivo. Although we still do not have direct evidence showing that these interleukin‐10‐producing B cells regulate autoimmunity in humans, their functional and phenotypic homology to regulatory B cells in animals, their abnormalities reported in various autoimmune diseases and their alterations in response to treatments all suggest their regulatory role in humans. In this review, the role of regulatory B cells in three neuroimmunological diseases – multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myasthenia gravis – are discussed.
Using the ecological significance of animal vocalizations to improve inference in acoustic monitoring programs
Authors: Wood Connor M. , Klinck Holger , Gustafson Michaela , Keane John J. , Sawyer Sarah C. , Gutiérrez R. J. , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent bioacoustic advances have facilitated large‐scale population monitoring for acoustically active species. Animal sounds, however, can of information that is underutilized in typical approaches to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) that treat sounds simply as detections. We developed 3 methods of extracting additional ecological detail from acoustic data that are applicable to a broad range of acoustically active species. We conducted landscape‐scale passive acoustic surveys of a declining owl species and an invasive congeneric competitor in California. We then used sex‐specific vocalization frequency to inform multistate occupancy models; call rates at occupied sites to characterize interactions with interspecific competitors and assess habitat quality; and a flexible multivariate approach to differentiate individuals based on vocal characteristics. The multistate occupancy models yielded novel estimates of breeding status occupancy rates that were more robust to false detections and captured known habitat associations more consistently than single‐state occupancy models agnostic to sex. Call rate was related to the presence of a competitor but not habitat quality and thus could constitute a useful behavioral metric for interactions that are challenging to detect in an occupancy framework. Quantifying multivariate distance between groups of vocalizations provided a novel quantitative means of discriminating individuals with ≥20 vocalizations and a flexible tool for balancing type I and II errors. Therefore, it appears possible to estimate site turnover and demographic rates, rather than just occupancy metrics, in PAM programs. Our methods can be applied individually or in concert and are likely generalizable to many acoustically active species. As such, they are opportunities to improve inferences from PAM data and thus benefit conservation.