bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uma proposta pedagógica para a adaptação da Metodologia PROJETÃO a cursos Técnicos em Informática Integrados ao Ensino Médio
Authors: Targa Cristiane Norbiato , Novy Gabriel Felipe Cândido , Costa Junior Edio da 
Published: October 2020

O cenário de produtos e serviços tem se tornado cada vez mais competitivo e variado. As tecnologias da informação permitiram uma revolução e uma inovação nos produtos e serviços que têm sido oferecidos. Essas soluções têm sido possíveis, em grande parte, por conta dos avanços da tecnologia da informação. No entanto, as escolas não têm preparado os estudantes para este novo cenário. Por isso, é necessário que novas metodologias inovadoras também sejam aplicadas aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O PROJETÃO é uma metodologia inovadora desenvolvida pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) que leva os estudantes a proporem soluções também inovadoras para problemas existentes. A inovação do PROJETÃO está na interdisciplinaridade e no foco em problemas do mundo real. Este é um estudo exploratório qualitativo com o objetivo de propor o Projetec, que é uma adaptação pioneira do PROJETÃO para cursos Técnicos Integrados de Nível Médio e pode ser aplicada em cursos de diversas áreas. Por isso, essa adaptação realiza ajustes no tempo de desenvolvimento da metodologia, práticas a serem aplicadas, organização dos grupos, inserção de novas metodologias, dentre outras ações que visam tornar a metodologia mais adequada ao ensino médio integrado.
PENERAPAN BUDAYA PAMALI DAN ADAT ISTIADAT DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ADAT KUTA KABUPATEN CIAMIS JAWA BARAT
Authors: DWI FAJARINI SRI , DHANURSETO DHANURSETO 
Published: October 2020

Indonesia has nations and culture scattered around 17,000 ranges island, starting from sabang to the west, to marauke to the east irian jaya.Life the people in indonesia has the pattern formed based on the influence of local culture place they live.This means culture and style community life in indonesia varies.One of the influential in the life of people will examined is a culture and the community mores their kuta, kabupaten ciamis, west java. Their customary kuta shows a pattern spread out and did not feel certain .This research aims to review the application of local cultural factors in the life of the indigenous people of kampung kuta . The methodology that was used is mixed methods , with a design research used in this research was sequential exploratory designs .The data collection was done by interviews , observation and spreading kampung kuta watchful such research to the community. Results or research is the their kuta always apply cultural factors and customstheir kuta in her life, starting with the smallest to great things though because people would hold fast in culture pamali.
Keyword : culture, kuta village, the life of the people
LITERASI MEDIA PADA GENERASI MILENIAL DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: SARI SAPTA 
Published: October 2020

Media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era is still not well implemented. We still see and read a lot of information that is still not clear the truth on social media. This research was conducted to see how media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era, especially in social media. Research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, by analyzing theories and analyzing based on phenomena that occur so that a comprehensive understanding of the application of media literacy in Millennials in the digital age is obtained. The results of the study revealed, first the literacy of the pause in the digital age is still not well implemented in society even though they are already adept at using digital devices. This bias can be seen that there is still a lot of information found that the truth is not yet distributed in social media by Millennials. Second, the Millennial generation is the term for the generation born in the 1980 to 2000 range. Those who are said to be the Millennial generation are the generation who are currently aged 19 to 40 years, or school age to productive / worker age. Third, Millennial generation interaction with social media in the digital era is very intense. This generation is very ska surfing on social media to share information, entertainment, highlight their existence, mingle with the community in chat groups. Fourth, the development of media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era is still not as expected. Millennials do not have good knowledge about media literacy, so there are still many violations in social media, especially in terms of filtering and disseminating information to the public.
Keywords: media literacy, millennial generation, media literacy in the digital era
A Ten Years Study of The Rates and Resistance Trends of the ESKAPE Bacteria Isolated from Sterile Body Sites (2010 – 2019) at a Single Hospital
Authors: Wadi Al Ramahi M.D, FIDSA Jamal , Jamal Walid 
Published: October 2020

Background
To assess the rates and trends of resistance among ESKAPE pathogens during 2010 – 2019.
Methods
A retrospective, single-center study between 2010 –2019, non-duplicate isolates from six sterile sources were studied. Pathogens were processed through the automated VITEK-2. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were referenced. The aim was to detect the rates and resistance trends of the ESKAPE pathogens, the rates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, and the carbapenem-resistant (CR)-K. pneumoniae, CRAb, CRPa, VRE, and MRSA for the inpatients. Trends for the prevalence and resistance rates were analyzed by linear regression. Missing values were averaged based on the neighboring values. Data analysis was by SPSS version 25, and statistical significance is considered for one-tailed P < 0.05.
Results
The ESKAPE bacteria (4286 isolate) comprised (45.57%) of the inpatients' isolates, the sterile sources consisted of 1421 (33.15%): K. pneumonia 272 isolates, the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae significantly declined (Pearson R - 0.877, P = 0.001), CR-K. pneumoniae showed no significant trends (P = 0.475). P. aeruginosa 202 isolates; resistance to carbapenem (CRPa) averaged 42%. S. aureus 198 isolates; MRSA rates averaged 45%. A. baumannii 165 isolates; carbapenem-resistance (CRAb) average 93%. Vancomycin-resistant (VR)E. Faecium = 33%, and VRE. faecalis = 15% with a weighted average 17%. Enterobacter spp. resistance rates were: Amikacin 3.6%, Third and fourth generation cephalosporines 28% and 20% respectively, Quinolones 27% ± 3%, Piperacillin/tazobactam resistance 29%, Imipenem 15%, and Meropenem 27.
Conclusion
The ESKAPE pathogens were highly resistant, making treatment more complicated, and compromise the initial empiric treatment.
A Survey of 3–5.4 μm Emission from Planetary Nebulae Using SOFIA/FLITECAM
Authors: Smith Erin C. , Logsdon Sarah E. , McLean Ian S. , Fletcher Elizabeth , Vacca William D. , Becklin E. E. , Shenoy Sachindev , Savage Maureen , Hamilton Ryan T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Here we present the results of an airborne 3–5.4 μm spectroscopic study of three young, carbon-rich planetary nebulae (PNs) IC 5117, PNG 093.9-00.1, and BD +30 3639. These observations were made using the grism spectroscopy mode of the First Light Infrared TEst CAMera (FLITECAM) instrument during airborne science operations on board NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The goal of this study is to characterize the 3.3 and 5.25 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dust emission in PNs and study the evolution of PAH features within evolved stars before their incorporation into new stellar systems in star-forming regions. Targets were selected from Infrared Astronomical Satellite, Kuiper Airborne Observatory and Infrared Space Observatory source lists, and were previously observed with FLITECAM on the 3 m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory to allow direct comparison between the ground and airborne observations. We measure PAH emission equivalent width and central wavelength, classify the shape of the PAH emission, and determine the PAH/aliphatic ratio for each target. The 3.3 μm PAH emission feature is observed in all three objects. PNG 093.9-00.1 exhibits NGC 7027-like aliphatic emission in the 3.4–3.6 μm region while IC 5117 and BD +30 3639 exhibit less aliphatic structure. All three PNs additionally exhibit PAH emission at 5.25 μm.
EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
Authors: Howard Ward S. , Corbett Hank , Law Nicholas M. , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Galliher Nathan , L. Glazier Amy , Gonzalez Ramses , Soto Alan Vasquez , Fors Octavi , del Ser Daniel , Haislip Joshua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. The combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 K blackbody. If superflares are hotter, then the UV emission may be 10 times higher than predicted from the optical. However, it is unknown for how long M-dwarf superflares reach temperatures above 9000 K. Only a handful of M-dwarf superflares have been recorded with multiwavelength high-cadence observations. We double the total number of events in the literature using simultaneous Evryscope and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations to provide the first systematic exploration of the temperature evolution of M-dwarf superflares. We also increase the number of superflaring M dwarfs with published time-resolved blackbody evolution by ∼10×. We measure temperatures at 2 minutes cadence for 42 superflares from 27 K5–M5 dwarfs. We find superflare peak temperatures (defined as the mean of temperatures corresponding to flare FWHM) increase with flare energy and impulse. We find the amount of time flares emit at temperatures above 14,000 K depends on energy. We discover that 43% of the flares emit above 14,000 K, 23% emit above 20,000 K and 5% emit above 30,000 K. The largest and hottest flare briefly reached 42,000 K. Some do not reach 14,000 K. During superflares, we estimate M-Earths orbiting <200 Myr stars typically receive a top-of-atmosphere UV-C flux of ∼120 W m−2 and up to 103 W m−2, 100–1000 times the time-averaged X-ray and UV flux from Proxima Cen.
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z = 1–3
Authors: Boogaard Leindert A. , Werf Paul van der , Weiss Axel , Popping Gergö , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Aravena Manuel , Bouwens Rychard , Riechers Dominik , González-López Jorge , Smail Ian , Carilli Chris , Kaasinen Melanie , Daddi Emanuele , Cox Pierre , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Inami Hanae , Cortes Paulo C. , Wagg Jeff 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the CO excitation and interstellar medium (ISM) conditions in a cold gas mass-selected sample of 22 star-forming galaxies at z = 0.46–3.60, observed as part of the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). Combined with Very Large Array follow-up observations, we detect a total of 34 CO

transitions with J = 1 up to 8 (and an additional 21 upper limits, up to J = 10) and 6

and

transitions (and 12 upper limits). The CO(2–1) and CO(3–2)-selected galaxies, at

and 2.5, respectively, exhibit a range in excitation in their mid-J = 4, 5 and high-J = 7, 8 lines, on average lower than (

-brighter) BzK-color- and submillimeter-selected galaxies at similar redshifts. The former implies that a warm ISM component is not necessarily prevalent in gas mass-selected galaxies at

. We use stacking and Large Velocity Gradient models to measure and predict the average CO ladders at z < 2 and z ≥ 2, finding

and

, respectively. From the models, we infer that the galaxies at z ≥ 2 have intrinsically higher excitation than those at z < 2. This fits a picture in which the global excitation is driven by an increase in the star formation rate surface density of galaxies with redshift. We derive a neutral atomic carbon abundance of

, comparable to the Milky Way and main-sequence galaxies at similar redshifts, and fairly high densities (≥104 cm−3), consistent with the low-J CO excitation. Our results imply a decrease in the cosmic molecular gas mass density at z ≥ 2 compared to previous ASPECS measurements.
On Making Magnetic-flux-rope Ω Loops for Solar Bipolar Magnetic Regions of All Sizes by Convection Cells
Authors: Moore Ronald L. , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Sterling Alphonse C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose that the flux-rope Ω loop that emerges to become any bipolar magnetic region (BMR) is made by a convection cell of the Ω-loop’s size from initially horizontal magnetic field ingested through the cell’s bottom. This idea is based on (1) observed characteristics of BMRs of all spans (∼1000 to ∼200,000 km), (2) a well-known simulation of the production of a BMR by a supergranule-sized convection cell from horizontal field placed at cell bottom, and (3) a well-known convection-zone simulation. From the observations and simulations, we (1) infer that the strength of the field ingested by the biggest convection cells (giant cells) to make the biggest BMR Ω loops is ∼103 G, (2) plausibly explain why the span and flux of the biggest observed BMRs are ∼200,000 km and ∼1022 Mx, (3) suggest how giant cells might also make “failed-BMR” Ω loops that populate the upper convection zone with horizontal field, from which smaller convection cells make BMR Ω loops of their size, (4) suggest why sunspots observed in a sunspot cycle’s declining phase tend to violate the hemispheric helicity rule, and (5) support a previously proposed amended Babcock scenario for the sunspot cycle’s dynamo process. Because the proposed convection-based heuristic model for making a sunspot-BMR Ω loop avoids having ∼105 G field in the initial flux rope at the bottom of the convection zone, it is an appealing alternative to the present magnetic-buoyancy-based standard scenario and warrants testing by high-enough-resolution giant-cell magnetoconvection simulations.
Formation of Population II Star Clusters in the Aftermath of a Pair Instability Supernova
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Schleicher Dominik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Population II (Pop II) stars formed a few hundred million years after the Big Bang were key drivers of cosmic reionization and building blocks of high-redshift galaxies. How and when these stars formed is a subject of ongoing research. We conduct cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the formation of Pop II star clusters in dark matter halos forming at z = 10–25 in the aftermath of a pair instability supernova (PISN). Our simulations model the formation of Population III and Pop II stars in a self-consistent manner along with their radiative, chemical, and SN feedback in halos of 5 × 105–7 × 107
M
⊙. We find that a PISN evacuates the gas from halos ≤3 × 106
M
⊙ and thereafter shuts off in situ star formation for at least 30 Myr. Pop II stellar clusters of 923 M
⊙ and 6800 M
⊙ form in halos of 3.8 × 107
M
⊙ and 9 × 107
M
⊙, respectively. The mode of star formation is highly episodic and mainly regulated by Pop II SN feedback. The average star formation rates are 10−5–10−4
M
⊙ yr−1, and the star formation efficiency is less than 1%.
Cloudy in the Microcalorimeter Era: Improved Energies for Kα Transitions
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Ferland G. J. , Bianchi S. , Chatzikos M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
X-ray missions with microcalorimeter technology will resolve spectral features with unprecedented detail. In this work, we improve the H-like Kα energies for elements between 6 ≤ Z ≤ 30 for the release version of the spectral simulation code Cloudy to match laboratory energies. We update the ionization potential (I
ion) for these elements and add a fourth-order polynomial to the level energy difference. This brings the release version of Cloudy into a near-perfect agreement with NIST. The updated energies are ∼15–4000 times more precise than that of the current release version of Cloudy (C17.02). These new changes will be a part of the next update to the release version, C17.03.
Evaluation of IL-17D in Host Immunity to Group A Streptococcus Infection
Authors: Washington Allen , Varki Nissi , Valderrama J. Andrés , Nizet Victor , Bui Jack D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
IL-17D is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-17 family and is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. In contrast to IL-17A and IL-17F, which are expressed in Th17 cells, IL-17D is expressed broadly in nonimmune cells. IL-17D can promote immune responses to cancer and viruses in part by inducing chemokines and recruiting innate immune cells such as NK cells. Although bacterial infection can induce IL-17D in fish and invertebrates, the role of mammalian IL-17D in antibacterial immunity has not been established. To determine whether IL-17D has a role in mediating host defense against bacterial infections, we studied i.p. infection by group A Streptococcus (GAS) in wild-type (WT) and Il17d−/− mice. Compared with WT animals, mice deficient in IL-17D experienced decreased survival, had greater weight loss, and showed increased bacterial burden in the kidney and peritoneal cavity following GAS challenge. In WT animals, IL-17D transcript was induced by GAS infection and correlated to increased levels of chemokine CCL2 and greater neutrophil recruitment. Of note, GAS-mediated IL-17D induction in nonimmune cells required live bacteria, suggesting that processes beyond recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns were required for IL-17D induction. Based on our results, we propose a model in which nonimmune cells can discriminate between nonviable and viable GAS cells, responding only to the latter by inducing IL-17D.
Macrophage-Derived IL-1β Regulates Emergency Myelopoiesis via the NF-κB and C/ebpβ in Zebrafish
Authors: Wei Zongfang , Li Chenzheng , Zhang Yangping , Lin Chenyu , Zhang Yiyue , Shu Liping , Luo Lingfei , Zhuo Jian , Li Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Myeloid phagocytes, neutrophils in particular, are easily consumed when they fight against a large number of invading microbes. Hence, they require efficient and constant replenishment from their progenitors via the well-orchestrated emergency myelopoiesis in the hematopoietic organs. The cellular and molecular details of the danger-sensing and warning processes to activate the emergency myelopoiesis are still under debate. In this study, we set up a systemic infection model in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae via circulative administration of LPS. We focused on the cross-talk of macrophages with myeloid progenitors in the caudal hematopoietic tissue. We revealed that macrophages first detected LPS and sent out the emergency message via il1β. The myeloid progenitors, rather than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, responded and fulfilled the demand to adapt myeloid expansion through the synergistic cooperation of NF-κB and C/ebpβ. Our study unveiled a critical role of macrophages as the early “whistle blowers” to initiate emergency myelopoiesis.
Time trends of causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopic findings
Authors: Alruzug Ibrahim M. , Aldarsouny Thamer A. , Semaan Toufic , Aldaher Manhal K. , AlMustafa Adnan , Azzam Nahla , Aljebreen Abdulrahman , Almadi Majid A. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent cause for emergency endoscopy and, in a proportion, requires the application of endotherapy. We aim to evaluate the proportion of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), the endoscopic findings that were detected, as well as the temporal trends of endoscopic findings over a period of 13 years.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with an indication of UGIB or presented with hematemesis, melena, or both, as well as those who had hematochezia, from January 2004 to December 2016 (13 years).

Results:
A total of 2075 patients were included with a mean age of 56.8 years (range 18–113) and males constituted 67.9%, while 65.9% had at least one comorbidity. Symptoms on presentation included hematemesis (52.5%), melena (31.2%), both hematemesis & melena (15.1%), and hematochezia (1.2%). The majority of UGIB were from a NVUGIB source (80.5%) and a variceal source was found in 13.1%, while no endoscopic findings were found in 6.4% of cases. The most common endoscopic diagnosis was gastroduodenal erosions (23.8%), duodenal ulcers (23.5%), reflux esophagitis (16.0%), esophageal varices (12.1%), and gastric ulcers (10.8%). There was no change in the endoscopic findings over the time period of the study. A third of duodenal ulcers (33.3%) as well as 21.9% of gastric ulcers were actively bleeding at the time of endoscopy, while 3.3% of duodenal ulcers had an adherent clot.

Conclusions:
NVUGIB composed the majority of cases presenting with UGIB and variceal bleeding was lower than that described in prior studies, but there were no clear trends in the proportion of causes of UGIB during the study duration.
Efficacy of probing adjunctive with low-dose mitomycin-C irrigation for the treatment of epiphora in adults with nasolacrimal duct stenosis
Authors: Masoomian Babak , Eshraghi Bahram , Latifi Golshan , Esfandiari Hossein 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of adjunctive low-dose mitomycin-C (MMC) during successful lacrimal duct probing in adults with nasolacrimal ducts (NLDs) stenosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a prospective case–control study on patients with NLD stenosis who were randomized into two groups. All patients underwent probing without or with an application of MMC. Former group received 0.2 mg/ml MMC irrigation for 5 min. The main outcome measures were objective evaluation of patency with irrigation, as well as patients' subjective assessment of improvement.

RESULTS:
There were 73 eyes in 58 consecutive patients; patient mean age ranged from 19 to 78 years (mean 44 years). Female included larger group of patients (63%) and mean duration of the symptoms was 26.1 months (range, 2–120 months). After mean follow-up of 11 months (range, 9–14 months), 23 (60%) of the 38 eyes in the MMC groups and 8 (22%) of the 35 eyes in control group had complete response and remained symptom free. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). According to the patient's satisfaction, epiphora was partially improved in 6 (17%) eyes of control group and 4 (10%) eyes in MMC group. Application of MMC has a better outcome in patients with severe stenosis (P = 0.007); patients who had symptoms more than 12 months (P = 0.02) and patients with constant epiphora were compared with intermittent symptoms (P = 0.001). No complications were detected during patients follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
This study suggests acceptable long-term results for probing adjunctive with MMC irrigation for adults with NLD stenosis that can be recommended as a simple and effective procedure for these patients.
PHOSPHORIC ACID AND SILICA OF PUERTO RICO SOILS
Authors: Bonnet Juan Amedee 
Published: October 2020

One hundred and nine soil types from the humid region of Puerto Rico were classified on the basis of their mechanical analysis into five soil classes—sands, sandy loams, sandy clay loams, clay loams, clays—and were analyzed for pH, volume weight, total and available phosphoric acid and silica. The clay loams weigh about two million pounds per acre plow depth of 6% inches, the sandy loams weigh about 5% more and the clays weigh about 10% less. The total phosphoric acid varies from .051% in the sands to .140% in the clays. The available phosphoric acid varies from .007% in the clays to .017% in the sandy loams. The total to available P2O5 ratio varies from 6.3 in the sandy loams to 20.0 in the clays. The total silica varies from 56.75% in the clays to 82.96% in the sands. The available silica varies from .021% in the sands to .166% in the clay loams.