bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Effects of Short‐Chain, Medium‐Chain, and Long‐Chain Fatty Acids, Saturated Vs Unsaturated and Omega‐6 Vs Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Trans Fats
Authors: Wang Siyu , Wang Yu , Shahidi Fereidoon , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing attention has been paid to the role of fats and oils in modern diet during recent decades due to their high caloric contribution and health issues associated with increasing concern of obesity. Growing evidence indicates that in addition to the known functions, according to the length and degree of unsaturation of hydrocarbon chains, different fatty acid species also exert a wide spectrum of critical functions in physiological activities. Fatty acids have moved from speculation about their functions to solid evidence that they are not only essential nutrients but may also modulate many human diseases and conditions. In this article, we compare different fatty acid species by chain length, degree of unsaturation, and configuration, comprehensively providing their effect on human health.
Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Health
Authors: Furlan Cibele P.B. , de Camargo Adriano C. , Marostica Mario R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Current data highlight the importance of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier function. In contrast, breakdown of intestinal barrier function due to high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) facilitates lipopolysaccharides (LPS) migration into the bloodstream, thus enabling systemic inflammation, which is common to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the axes for the formation of lipoproteins (LP) are the intestine and liver. The first one produces LP from dietary lipids, while in the liver LP are generated from endogenous lipids. Therefore, the role of intestine in several chronic ailments has been in the spotlight. The benefits of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids have been covered in other articles in this series. Therefore, this contribution summarizes the potential of dietary lipids in improving health by describing the role of omega‐9 fatty acids and its sources in influencing gut health and beyond.
Conjugated Lipids and Health
Authors: Park Yeonhwa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNaturally occurring conjugated fatty acids are reported to possess many health benefits. Among them, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been extensively studied for the last three decades. This article provides a review of the known effects of CLA (anticancer, antiobesity, modulation of inflammation and immune responses, bone health effects, and lipid metabolism effects) followed by the potential adverse effects of CLA (oxidative stress, insulin resistance, milk fat depression, and hepatic dysfunctions). There are also other naturally occurring conjugated polyenes, including punicic, eleostearic, jacaric, catalpic, calendic, and parinaric acids. Although the research on these conjugated polyenes is limited, a summary is provided to summarize their health benefits.
Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Color‐Tunable Inorganic Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Nannen Ekaterina , Frohleiks Julia , Gellner Sandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge‐area, ultrathin light‐emitting devices currently inspire architects and interior and automotive designers all over the world. Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) belong to the most promising next‐generation device concepts for future flexible and large‐area lighting technologies. Both concepts incorporate solution‐based fabrication techniques, which makes them attractive for low cost applications based on, for example, roll‐to‐roll fabrication or inkjet printing. However, both concepts have unique benefits that justify their appeal. LECs comprise ionic species in the active layer, which leads to the omission of additional organic charge injection and transport layers and reactive cathode materials, thus LECs impress with their simple device architecture. QD‐LEDs impress with purity and opulence of available colors: colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals that show high yield light emission, which can be easily tuned over the whole visible spectrum by material composition and size. Emerging technologies that unite the potential of both concepts (LEC and QD‐LED) are covered, either by extending a typical LEC architecture with additional QDs, or by replacing the entire organic LEC emitter with QDs or perovskite nanocrystals, still keeping the easy LEC setup featured by the incorporation of mobile ions.
Piezoelectric Nano‐Biomaterials for Biomedicine and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Kapat Kausik , Shubhra Quazi T. H. , Zhou Miao , Leeuwenburgh Sander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong various classes of biomaterials, the majority of non‐centrosymmetric crystalline materials exhibit piezoelectric properties, i.e., the accumulation of charge in response to applied mechanical stress or deformation. Due to the growing interest in nanomaterials, piezoelectric nano‐biomaterials have been widely investigated, leading to remarkable advancements throughout the last two decades. Piezoelectric properties, high surface energy, targeting properties, and intricate cell–material interactions render piezoelectric nanomaterials highly attractive for application in therapeutics as well as regenerative medicine. Herein, the major focus is to highlight the wide range of applications of piezoelectric nano‐biomaterials in drug delivery, theranostics, and tissue regeneration. After a brief introduction to piezoelectricity, an overview is provided on the major classes of piezoelectric biomaterials as well as a description of the origin of biopiezoelectricity in different tissues and macromolecules. Subsequently, relevant properties and postfabrication strategies of nanostructured piezoelectric biomaterials are discussed aiming to maximize piezoresponse. Finally, recent studies on nano‐ piezoceramics and piezopolymers are presented, with specific focus on barium titanate, zinc oxide, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
Rational Molecular Design of Benzoquinone‐Derived Cathode Materials for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jixing , Xiong Peixun , Shi Yeqing , Sun Pengfei , Wang Zhuanping , Chen Zifeng , Xu Yunhua 
Published: February 2020

Abstractp‐Benzoquinone (BQ) is a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and voltage. However, it suffers from a serious dissolution problem in organic electrolytes, leading to poor electrochemical performance. Herein, two BQ‐derived molecules with a near‐plane structure and relative large skeleton: 1,4‐bis(p‐benzoquinonyl)benzene (BBQB) and 1,3,5‐tris(p‐benzoquinonyl)benzene (TBQB) are designed and synthesized. They show greatly decreased solubility as a result of strong intermolecular interactions. As cathode materials for LIBs, they exhibit high carbonyl utilizations of 100% with high initial capacities of 367 and 397 mAh g−1, respectively. Especially, BBQB with better planarity presents remarkably improved cyclability, retaining a high capacity of 306 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The cycling stability of BBQB surpasses all reported BQ‐derived small molecules and most polymers. This work provides a new molecular structure design strategy to suppress the dissolution of organic electrode materials for achieving high performance rechargeable batteries.
Tailored Amphiphilic Molecular Mitigators for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with 23.5% Efficiency
Authors: Zhu Hongwei , Liu Yuhang , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Pan Linfeng , Ren Dan , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Carlsen Brian , Yang Bowen , Dong Xiaofei , Wang Zaiwei , Liu Hongli , Wang Shirong , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Hagfeldt Anders , Dar M. Ibrahim , Li Xianggao , Grätzel Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPassivation of interfacial defects serves as an effective means to realize highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most molecular modulators currently used to mitigate such defects form poorly conductive aggregates at the perovskite interface with the charge collection layer, impeding the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers. Here, a judiciously engineered passivator, 4‐tert‐butyl‐benzylammonium iodide (tBBAI), is introduced, whose bulky tert‐butyl groups prevent the unwanted aggregation by steric repulsion. It is found that simple surface treatment with tBBAI significantly accelerates the charge extraction from the perovskite into the spiro‐OMeTAD hole‐transporter, while retarding the nonradiative charge carrier recombination. This boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from ≈20% to 23.5% reducing the hysteresis to barely detectable levels. Importantly, the tBBAI treatment raises the fill factor from 0.75 to the very high value of 0.82, which concurs with a decrease in the ideality factor from 1.72 to 1.34, confirming the suppression of radiation‐less carrier recombination. The tert‐butyl group also provides a hydrophobic umbrella protecting the perovskite film from attack by ambient moisture. As a result, the PSCs show excellent operational stability retaining over 95% of their initial PCE after 500 h full‐sun illumination under maximum‐power‐point tracking under continuous simulated solar irradiation.
Engineering Multimetallic Aerogels for pH‐Universal HER and ORR Electrocatalysis
Authors: Du Ran , Jin Wei , Hübner René , Zhou Lin , Hu Yue , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe advent of noble metal aerogels (NMAs), that feature the high catalytic activity of noble metals and unique structural attributes of aerogels, has stimulated research on a new class of outstanding electrocatalysts. However, limited by the available compositions, the explored electrocatalytic reactions on NMAs are highly restricted and certain important electrochemical processes have not been investigated. Here, an effective gelation approach is demonstrated by using a strong salting‐out agent (i.e., NH4F), thereby expanding the composition of NMAs to various multimetallic systems and providing a platform to investigate composition‐dependent electrocatalytic performance of NMAs. Combining structural features of aerogels and optimized chemical compositions, the Au–Pt and Au–Rh aerogel catalysts manifest remarkable pH‐universal (pH = 0–14) performance surpassing commercial Pt/C and many other nanoparticle (NP)‐based catalysts in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and water splitting, displaying enormous potential for the electrochemical hydrogen production, fuel cells, etc.
A clinical evaluation and tissue fiber burden analysis of a lifetime resident of Libby, Montana with adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Dodson Ronald F. , Black Brad , Poye Lee W. , Bruce James R. , McNew Tracy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionVermiculite mining operations near Libby, Montana were active from the 1920s to 1990. Rail facilities for shipment of the mined material as well as some vermiculite processing activities were ongoing within the community of Libby. A fibrous component within the mined material has been associated with asbestos‐related diseases in vermiculite miners and in the local citizens of the community.Clinical History/MethodsWe present a clinical case history and tissue fiber burden analysis of an individual with a multifocal adenocarcinoma of the lung who was a lifelong resident of Libby and whose history of exposure was as a member of the general population there.Results/DiscussionTo our knowledge this is the first time tissue from a member of the general population of Libby, Montana has been evaluated and shown to contain an appreciable presence of “Libby amphibole” fibers.
Further delineation of METTL23‐associated intellectual disability
Authors: Almannai Mohammed , Obaid Osama , Faqeih Eissa , Alasmari Ali , Samman Manar M. , Pinz Hailey , Braddock Stephen R. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMETTL23 belongs to a family of methyltransferase like proteins (METTL) that transfer methyl group to various substrates. Recently, pathogenic homozygous variants in METTL23 were identified in patients from three families who presented with intellectual disability (ID) and variable dysmorphic features. In this report, we present unpublished phenotypic data from the original family as well as six new subjects from four families who also presented with mild to moderate ID and dysmorphic features, and were found to harbor four previously unpublished homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in METTL23. Our report further supports the role of this gene in autosomal recessive ID and emphasizes the mild but consistent facial features.
Insights into Charge Transfer at an Atomically Precise Nanocluster/Semiconductor Interface
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Xiao‐He , Wang Qiankun , Quick Martin , Kovalenko Sergey A. , Chen Qing‐Yun , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe deposition of an atomically precise nanocluster, for example, Ag44(SR)30, onto a large‐band‐gap semiconductor such as TiO2 allows a clear interface to be obtained to study charge transfer at the interface. Changing the light source from visible light to simulated sunlight led to a three orders of magnitude enhancement in the photocatalytic H2 generation, with the H2 production rate reaching 7.4 mmol h−1 gcatalyst−1. This is five times higher than that of TiO2 modified with Ag nanoparticles and even comparable to that of TiO2 modified with Pt nanoparticles under similar conditions. Energy band alignment and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that the role of the metal clusters is different from that of both organometallic complexes and plasmonic nanoparticles: A type II heterojunction charge‐transfer route is achieved under UV/Vis irradiation, with the cluster serving as a small‐band‐gap semiconductor. This results in the clusters acting as co‐catalysts rather than merely photosensitizers.
Reaktionsmechanismen Lithium‐reicher Schicht‐Kathodenmaterialien für Hochenergie‐Lithium‐Ionenbatterien
Authors: Zhao Shuoqing , Yan Kang , Zhang Jinqiang , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithium‐reiche Schicht‐Kathodenmaterialien finden wegen ihrer hohen theoretischen spezifischen Kapazität (320–350 mA h g−1) großes Interesse. Schlechte Zyklenstabilität und träge Reaktionskinetik behindern aber ihre Anwendung. Nachdem sich die Wissenschaft lange von diesem Thema abgewendet hat, dürften nun wegen der starken Abhängigkeit von Hochenergie‐Li‐Ionenbatterien Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich geschichteter Li‐reicher Kathodenmaterialien wieder stark zunehmen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz berichten wir über den Stand des Wissens zu Strukturanalyse und Reaktionsmechanismen speziell von Mangan‐basierten geschichteten Li‐reichen Kathodenmaterialen. Wir fassen dabei die Kationen‐Redoxreaktionen der Übergangsmetallionen und die Anionen‐Redoxreaktionen von Sauerstoffspezies detailliert zusammen. Abschließend diskutieren wir Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen bei der zukünftigen Erforschung und Entwicklung Li‐reicher Kathodenmaterialien.
All‐polyethylene compositions based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Ushakova Tatiana M. , Starchak Elena E. , Gostev Sergey S. , Grinev Vitaly G. , Krasheninnikov Vadim G. , Gorenberg Arcady Ya. , Novokshonova Lyudmila A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReactor polymer compositions (RPC) of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with Mw = 1,000 kg/mol and low molecular weight high density polyethylene (LMWPE) with Mw = 160 kg/mol were synthesized in a two‐stage ethylene polymerization with a rac‐Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2/methylaluminoxane catalyst. The conditions of the stages that ensure the formation of UHMWPE and LMWPE fractions with the desired molecular weight and properties were selected based on the study of one‐stage ethylene polymerization over this catalyst in a wide temperature range. The order of fraction synthesis in RPC preparation was changed. Two series of compositions UHMWPE/LMWPE and LMWPE/UHMWPE with UHMWPE content from 20 to 90 wt% were obtained. The SEM method was used to study the morphology of the nascent polymer particles. It was shown that RPC physical and mechanical properties depend not only on the UHMWPE content, but also on the morphology of the particles of reactor powders, which is determined by the order of polymer fraction synthesis. Materials of LMWPE/UHMWPE series have higher tensile properties compared to UHMWPE/LMWPE of the same composition. The LMWPE/UHMWPE compositions containing ≤50 wt% of UHMWPE flow even at a load of 10.5 kg.
Scalable Formation of Heterogeneous Agents considering Unknown Disturbances
Authors: Djamari Djati Wibowo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe problem considered in this work is formation control of linear heterogeneous Multi‐Agent Systems (MASs) where the size of the formation is scalable via a scaling factor determined by a leader agent. Agents are communicating through a leader‐follower time‐varying network and they are subjected to an unknown disturbances. Past works on scalable formation are limited to the case of homogeneous agents under fixed communication network and without considering disturbances. The control law in this work is based on the internal model principle and the
control theory. A dynamic compensator is designed based on the regular
output feedback problem and its output is used as the feedback signal in the main control input. Meanwhile, the main control input is designed based on the internal model principle. It is shown that the effect of the disturbance to the agent's output is minimized and the tracking error satisfies
performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by numerical examples.
Indospicine combined with arginine deprivation triggers cancer cell death via caspase‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Shuvayeva Galyna Y. , Bobak Yaroslav P. , Vovk Olena I. , Kunz‐Schughart Leoni A. , Fletcher Mary T. , Stasyk Oleh V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArginine‐deprivation therapy is a rapidly developing metabolic anticancer approach. To overcome the resistance of some cancer cells to this monotherapy, rationally designed combination modalities are needed. In this report, we evaluated for the first time indospicine, an arginine analogue ofIndigoferaplant genus origin, as potential enhancer compound for the metabolic therapy that utilizes recombinant human arginase I. We demonstrate that indospicine at low micromolar concentrations is selectively toxic for human colorectal cancer cells only in the absence of arginine. In arginine‐deprived cancer cells indospicine deregulates some prosurvival pathways (PI3K‐Akt and MAPK) and activates mammalian target of rapamycin, exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggers caspase‐dependent apoptosis, which is reversed by the exposure to translation inhibitors. Simultaneously, indospicine is not degraded by recombinant human arginase I and does not inhibit this arginine‐degrading enzyme at its effective dose. The obtained results emphasize the potential of arginine structural analogues as efficient components for combinatorial metabolic targeting of malignant cells.
Balloon expandable covered stents for aortic injury: It's a thing
Authors: Parekh Dhaval R. , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
The balloon expandable Cheatham Platinum (CP) covered stent can be successfully implanted in some older children with hemodynamically stable traumatic aortic injury.
The CP stents can be delivered via smaller sheaths and reexpanded over time as needed.
There were no reported complications, albeit in this small cohort of patients with hemodynamically stable traumatic aortic injury.
Continued advances in balloon expandable covered stent technology are needed to improve delivery profile, fixation and sealing zones, radial strength, and flexibility.
Impella ventricular assist device: A “valvular bypass” to support high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention or complicated transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Nai Fovino Luca 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
Severe aortic stenosis is usually considered a contraindication to the implantation of Impella ventricular assist device.
In the setting of pre‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention, Impella stabilizes hemodynamics by reducing left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and increasing cardiac output and coronary perfusion.
The implantation of Impella was feasible for the treatment of cardiogenic shock occurring during TAVR. Nevertheless, 30‐day mortality remained as high as 40%.
Mechanical circulatory support in high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention: IIb or not IIb?
Authors: Ayyoub Alaa , Levy Michael S. 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
The use of percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD)‐assisted high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HRPCI) is increasingly common.
When used in select patients, PVAD‐assisted HRPCI is a safe and effective alternative to intra‐aortic balloon pump.
Further high‐quality study is needed on this important subject.
An In‐Depth Mechanistic Study of Ru‐Catalysed Aqueous Methanol Dehydrogenation and Prospects for Future Catalyst Design
Authors: Govindarajan Nitish , Sinha Vivek , Trincado Monica , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Meijer Evert Jan , de Bruin Bas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein we provide mechanistic insights into the dehydrogenation of aqueous methanol catalysed by the [Ru(trop2dae)] complex (which is in‐situ generated from [Ru(trop2dad)], trop2dad=1,4‐bis(5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐yl)‐1,4‐diazabuta‐1,3‐diene), established by density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFT‐MD) and static DFT calculations incorporating explicit solvent molecules. The aqueous solvent proved to participate actively in various stages of the catalytic cycle including the catalyst activation process, and the key reaction steps involving C−H activation and hydrogen production. The aqueous solvent forms an integral part of the reactive system for the C−H activation steps in the [Ru(trop2dae)] system, with strong hydrogen bond interactions with the anionic oxygen (RO−, R=CH3, CH2OH, HCO) and hydride moieties formed along the reaction pathway. In contrast to the [Ru(trop2dad)] catalyst, C−H activation and hydrogen production does not proceed via a metal‐ligand cooperative pathway for the [Ru(trop2dae)] system. The pKa of the coordinated amine donors in these complexes provides a rationale for the divergent reactivity, and the obtained mechanistic information provides new guidelines for the rational design of active and additive free catalytic systems for aqueous methanol dehydrogenation.