bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children and adolescents: a large single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Shouxing , Zhong Jinwei , Ye Mengsi , Miao Lei , Lu Guangrong , Xu Changlong , Xue Zhanxiong , Zhou Xinhe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (NHDLC/HDLC) ratio is closely related to a variety of dyslipidemia-related diseases. This study aimed to inspect the relationship between the NHDLC/HDLC ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in children and adolescents.Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a total of 7,759 eligible Chinese children and adolescents (5,692 boys and 2,067 girls) received routine medical examinations. The anthropometric and laboratory data of the subjects were collected. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the NHDLC/HDLC ratio, NHDLC, HDLC and NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was exploited to compare the diagnostic significance of the above parameters for NAFLD.Results: The total prevalence of NAFLD was 4.36%, and the prevalence in boys was higher than that in girls (5.61% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was positively correlated with the NHDLC/HDLC ratio (P < 0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the OR was 8.61 (95% CI, 5.90-12.57, P < 0.001) in tertile 3 (highest NHDLC/HDLC ratio) compared with tertile 1 (lowest NHDLC/HDLC ratio). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TB), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), the OR for tertile 3 (OR=1.83, 95% CI, 1.04-3.22, P = 0.035) was still significantly higher than that of tertile 1. The area under the curve (AUC) of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio of boys was 0.787, which was significantly greater than that of NHDLC and HDLC (0.719 and 0.726, P < 0.001). For girls, the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 0.763, which was also significantly greater than that of NHDLC (0.661, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the cutoff point of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 2.475 in boys and 2.695 in girls. In addition, the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 0.761 in subjects with normal ALT levels (ALT ≤ 40 U/L), which was significantly higher than that of NHDLC (0.680, P < 0.001) and HDLC (0.724, P = 0.007). For subjects with elevated ALT levels (ALT > 40 U/L), the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio (0.746) was also significantly greater than that of NHDLC (0.646, P < 0.001)Conclusions: The NHDLC/HDLC ratio was positively correlated with NAFLD in Chinese children and adolescents. It may serve as an effective indicator to help identify NAFLD in children and adolescents.
Determining electrocardiography training priorities for medical students using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Viljoen Charle Andre , Millar Rob Scott , Manning Kathryn , Burch Vanessa Celeste 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough electrocardiography is considered a core learning outcome for medical students, there is currently little curricular guidance for undergraduate ECG training. Owing to the absence of expert consensus on undergraduate ECG teaching, curricular content is subject to individual opinion. The aim of this modified Delphi study was to establish expert consensus amongst content and context experts on an ECG curriculum for medical students.MethodsThe Delphi technique, an established method of obtaining consensus, was used to develop an undergraduate ECG curriculum. Specialists involved in ECG teaching were invited to complete three rounds of online surveys. An undergraduate ECG curriculum was formulated from the topics of ECG instruction for which consensus (i.e. ≥75% agreement) was achieved. ResultsThe panellists (n=131) had a wide range of expertise (42.8% Internal Medicine, 22.9% Cardiology, 16% Family Medicine, 13.7% Emergency Medicine and 4.6% Health Professions Education). Topics that reached consensus to be included in the undergraduate ECG curriculum were classified under technical aspects of performing ECGs, basic ECG analysis, recognition of the normal ECG and abnormal rhythms and waveforms and using electrocardiography as part of a clinical diagnosis. This study emphasises that ECG teaching should be framed within the clinical context. Course conveners should not overload students with complex and voluminous content, but rather focus on commonly encountered and life-threatening conditions, where accurate diagnosis impacts on patient outcome. A list of 23 “must know” ECG diagnoses is therefore proposed.ConclusionA multidisciplinary expert panel reached consensus on the ECG training priorities for medical students.
Amyloid precipitation in biofluids using a structure-specific chemical antibody
Authors: Rodrigues Margarida , Bhattacharjee Payel , Brinkmalm Ann , Do Dung , Pearson Colin , De Suman , Ponjavic Aleks , Varela Juan , Ruggeri Francesco , Baudrexel Isabelle , Lee Ji , Carr Alexander , Kulenkampff Klara , Knowles Tuomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Snaddon Thomas , Gandhi Sonia , Lee Steven , Klenerman David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The composition of soluble toxic protein aggregates formed in vivo is currently unknown in neurodegenerative diseases, due to their ultra-low concentration in human biofluids and their high degree of heterogeneity. We introduce the structure-specific chemical antibody; a Y shaped, bioinspired small molecule with a dimeric region to mimic avidity, and an attachment region to mimic the Fc region. Our probe, capture molecule for amyloid precipitation (CAP-1), consists of a derivative of Pittsburgh compound B (dimer) to target the cross β-sheets of amyloids and a biotin moiety for surface immobilization. By coupling CAP-1 to magnetic beads, we targeted the amyloid structure of protein aggregates in human cerebrospinal fluid, isolated them for analysis and then characterised them using single-molecule fluorescence imaging and mass spectrometry. AP allows unbiased determination of the molecular composition and structural features of the in vivo aggregates, formed in neurodegenerative diseases, that are present in biofluids.
Non-isothermal phase-field modelling with thermocapillary convection: Laser-written in-plane SiGe heterostructures for photonic applications
Authors: Aktas Ozan , Yamamoto Yuji , Kaynak Mehmet , Peacock Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Advanced solid-state device applications, including semiconductor lasers, waveguide Bragg gratings, and modulators, require nanoscale engineering of the electronic bandgap and refractive index. Heterostructures, which are semiconductor structures with a position-dependent chemical composition, are building blocks of these devices, enabling control over the carriers and light. However, existing epitaxial growth methods are limited to fabrication of vertical heterostructures between dissimilar semiconductors successively grown layer by layer. Here, we report the use of three dimensional (3D) finite-element-method (FEM)-based non-isothermal phase-field modelling with thermocapillary convection to investigate a new concept for laser inscription of in-plane longitudinal and transverse heterostructures within silicon-germanium (Si1-xGex) alloy thin films. The modelling has been supported by exploratory experimental work using Si0.5Ge0.5 layers epitaxially grown on a silicon substrates. Results of the phase-field simulations reveal that various in-plane SiGe heterostructures and superlattices can be fabricated by controlling the steady-state and transient effects of the laser scanning on phase segregation through modulation of the laser power, scan speed and beam position during solidification of the SiGe epilayers. Optical simulations are used to demonstrate the potential for two new photonic devices based on in-plane SiGe heterostructures written at different scan speeds (1-200 mm s-1): (i) graded-index waveguides with Ge-rich (70%) cores, and (ii) waveguide Bragg gratings with nanoscale periods (Λ=100-500 nm). Periodic heterostructure formation via sub-millisecond modulation of the laser processing parameters opens a route for post-growth fabrication of in-plane quantum wells and superlattices in semiconductor alloy epilayers.
An evaluation of the interpretability and predictive performance of the BayesR model for genomic prediction
Authors: Mollandin Fanny , Rau Andrea , Croiseau Pascal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Technological advances and decreasing costs have led to the rise of increasingly dense genotyping data, making feasible the identification of potential causal or candidate markers. Custom genotyping chips, which represent a cost-effective strategy to combine medium-density genotypes with a custom genotype panel, can capitalize on these candidates to potentially yield improved accuracy and interpretability in genomic prediction. A particularly promising model to this end is BayesR, which divides markers into four effect size classes (null, small, medium, and large). The flexibility of BayesR has been shown to yield accurate predictions and promise for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in real data applications, but an extensive benchmarking in simulated data is currently lacking.Results: Based on a set of real genotypes, we generated simulated data under a variety of genetic architectures, phenotype heritabilities, and polygenic variances, and we evaluated the impact of excluding (50k genotype data) or including (50k custom genotype data) causal markers among the genotypes. We define several statistical criteria for QTL mapping using BayesR output (maximum a posteriori rule, non-null maximum a posteriori rule, posterior variance, weighted cumulative inclusion probability), including several based on sliding windows rather than individual markers to account for linkage disequilibrium. We compare and contrast these statistics and their ability to accurately prioritize known causal markers. Overall, we confirm the strong predictive performance for BayesR in moderately to highly heritable traits, particularly for 50k custom data; in cases of low heritability or weak linkage disequilibrium with the causal marker in 50k genotypes, QTL mapping is a challenge, regardless of the criterion used.Conclusion: BayesR is a promising approach to simultaneously obtain accurate predictions and interpretable classifications of SNPs into effect size classes. Although QTL mapping is unsurprisingly easiest for highly heritable phenotypes and large QTLs, we illustrated the performance of BayesR in a variety of simulation scenarios, and compared the advantages and limitations of each. Among those considered, the weighted cumulative inclusion probability appears to provide the best mapping results, even under less favorable conditions. Finally, we quantify the advantage that can be gained by incorporating causal mutations on a custom genotyping chip.
Repair of Acute Diaphragmatic Injury Diagnosed within Few Days of Trauma via Thoracic Approach
Authors: Hamad Abdel-Mohsen Mahmoud , Elatafy Elatafy E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDiagnosis of diaphragmatic injury (DI) in acute trauma sittings is challenging and missed or delayed detection is not uncommon. The surgical approach for repair of acute diaphragmatic injury is mainly determined by the presence of associated injuries. In the majority of cases repair is accomplished through exploratory laparotomy together with dealing with associated intra-abdominal injuries.Cases presentationWe reported 5 cases (4 males and 1 female), age ranging from 21 to 52 years, with acute blunt diaphragmatic injury. There was a latent period of few days (ranging from 3 to 8 days) before definite diagnosis and surgical intervention. All patients were managed through small lower posterolateral thoracotomy approach without complication.ConclusionRepair of diaphragmatic injury via thoracic approach is easy, safe, and efficient. We recommend thoracic approach especially on the right side even in acute situation in absence of other indications for laparotomy.
Microbiome of the Black Sea Water Column Analyzed by Genome Centric Metagenomics&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Cabello-Yeves Pedro J. , Callieri Cristiana , Picazo Antonio , Mehrshad Maliheh , Haro-Moreno Jose M. , Roda-Garcia Juan J. , Dzhembekova Nina , Slabakova Violeta , Slabakova Nataliya , Moncheva Snejana , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The Black Sea is the largest brackish water body in the world, although it is connected to the Mediterranean Sea and presents an upper water layer similar to some regions of the former albeit with lower salinity and (mostly) temperature. In spite of its well-known hydrology and physico chemistry, this enormous water mass remains poorly studied at the microbial genomics level. Results: We have sampled its different water masses and analyzed the microbiome by classic and genome-resolved metagenomics generating a large number of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from them. The oxic zone presents many similarities to the global ocean while the euxinic water mass has similarities to other similar aquatic environments of marine or freshwater (meromictic monimolimnion strata) origin. The MAG collection represents very well the different types of metabolisms expected in this kind of environments and includes Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus), photoheterotrophs (largely with marine relatives), facultative/microaerophilic microbes again largely marine, chemolithotrophs (N and S oxidizers) and a large number of anaerobes, mostly sulfate reducers but also a few methanogens and a large number of “dark matter” streamlined genomes of largely unpredictable ecology. Conclusions: The Black Sea presents a mixture of similarities to other water bodies. The photic zone has many microbes in common with that of the Mediterranean with the relevant exception of the absence of Prochlorococcus. The chemocline already presents very different characteristics with many examples of chemolithotrophic metabolism (Thioglobus) and facultatively anaerobic microbes. Finally the euxinic anaerobic zone presents, as expected, features in common with the bottom of meromictic lakes with a massive dominance of sulfate reduction as energy generating metabolism and a small but detectable methanogenesis.We are adding critical information about this unique and important ecosystem and its microbiome.
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma, Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma, and Epithelioid Glioblastoma: Case Series With Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Features and Progression Relationship
Authors: Lin Zhiying , Yang Runwei , Zheng Haojie , Li Zhiyong , Yi Guozhong , Han Huixia , Wu Qianchao , Qi Songtao , Liu Yawei , Guanglong Huang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (A-PXA), and epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM) show overlapping features. However, little is known about their clinical characteristics, molecular features and progression relationship. Methods: Fourteen patients diagnosed at Nanfang Hospital from 2016 to 2019 were enrolled, including eleven PXA patients, two A-PXA patients, and one E-GBM patient. All tumor tissue samples of fourteen patients were examined by immunohistochemistry staining (MGMT, VEGF, BRAF-V600E, etc.). The recurred tumor tissue of the E-GBM patient arising from A-PXA was detected for 11 glioma markers (MGMT, BRAF-V600E, etc.) and chromosome 1p/19q by next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: The mean age of 13 patients with PXA or A-PXA was 25.4 years, twelve of whom were burdened with tumors at supratentorial regions. VEGF showed positive expression in the tumor samples of 13 patients, MGMT positive in 10 patients, and BRAF-V600E positive in 7 patients. As for the tumor sample of the E-GBM patient survived for up to 10 years after the fourth resections, BRAF V600E was wild-type in the sample obtained from the first surgery while it was mutant in the second, third, and fourth surgery. In the contrast, the promoter status of MGMT in four operations were unmethylated. The NGS results showed that the mutation frequencies of BRAF V600E in the second surgery, the third surgery and the fourth surgery were 14.06%, 9.13% and 48.29% respectively. Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that patients with A-PXA may relapse multiple times and eventually progress to E-GBM with BRAF-V600E mutation.
Influencing Factors and Prognostic Significance of TIL Subset Abundance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xuezhou , Zhou Li , Dong Ruifeng , Li Baihui , Yu Wenwen , Ren Xiubao , Zhang Xinwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the abundance of Foxp3-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (Foxp3+TILs), CD103+cells, CD8+TILs, and CD3+TILs in tissue specimens of 85 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and analyze the associations of their abundance with the clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the abundance of immunocyte subsets. Both correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the associations between the frequency of these cell subsets and clinicopathological features in HNSCC. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional-hazards model were utilized to evaluate the effects of these immunocytes on the prognosis of patients with HNSCC.Result: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an independent association of Foxp3+TILs abundance with preoperative chemotherapy (PC) was negative (P=0.018), and that with smoking index (P=0.001) and N stage (P=0.012) was positive. Multivariate Cox model revealed that the high abundance of Foxp3+TILs was independently associated with short recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P=0.015) and poor overall survival (OS) (P=0.015). The high frequency of CD103+cells was independently related to long RFS (P=0.001) and favorable OS (P<0.001). The population with a high abundance of CD8+TILs and CD103+immunocytes in HNSCC tissues exhibited optimal RFS and OS, while the sub-group with a low frequency of CD8+TILs and CD103+immunocytes showed poor RFS and OS. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the frequency of CD103+cells was positively correlated to the abundance of CD8+TILs in HNSCC (P<0.001).Conclusion: Chemotherapy eliminates the frequency of Foxp3+TILs and improves the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) of HNSCC. On the other hand, heavy smoking upregulates the abundance of Foxp3+TILs in HNSCC tissues and disrupt the balance of immune homeostasis in iTME. Additionally, both Foxp3+TILs and CD103+cells might be potential independent prognostic indicators of HNSCC.
Comparative Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Commercially Available Different Dental Gels: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Kshirsagar Minal M. , Dodamani Arun S. , Vishwakarma Prashanth , Mali Gaurao , Khobragade Vrushali Ramdas , Deokar Rahul Nivrutti 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The topical routes of administering drug have certain visible advantages as direct application of a
drug to the site of action and persistence of action for prolonged duration. More stability and better application property of
gel cause its use for topical application.

Objectives:
To determine and compare antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different dental gels.

Methods:
For the evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different antiseptic gels on Streptococcus
mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus well-diffusion method was used. To assess the antibacterial efficacy after
incubation in appropriate culture medium diameter of zone of inhibition was measured.

Results:
Maximum zone of inhibition was found with Cure next gel (40 mm,40mm) followed by
Hexigel (30 mm, 21mm), Mucopain (17 mm, 17mm), and Dologel (7 mm, 16mm) against S. mutans
and L. acidophilus, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test were used
to analyze results statistically. The difference between commercially available different dental gels
was statistically significant (P < 0.001) at a 5%.

Conclusion:
In the present study, it was seen that Curenext gel was more effective followed by Hexigel, Mucopain gel
and Dologel on S. Mutans and L. Acidophilus.
HUBUNGAN DERAJAT QUADRICEPS ANGLE DENGAN PATELLA FEMORAL PAIN
Authors: Naufal Adnan Faris , Khasanah Dini Afriani , Noviyana Ulfa 
Published: November 2020

Petellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) tidak memiliki definisi yang jelas tentang bagaimana gejala dan letak nyeri yang dirasakan seseorang yang mengalaminya. Diketahui PFPS memiliki hubungan terhadap besar sudut otot quadriceps atau Q angle. Namun masalahnya masih belum spesifik berapa besar Q-angle yang memiliki resiko terhadap PFPS. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mencari tahu hubungan antara besar q-angle dengan resiko PFPS. Untuk mngetahui adanya PFPS dapat dilakuka dengan Clarke's test, sedangkan untuk mengukur besar sudut Q-angle diukur dengan goniometer. Subyek penelitian mengambil dari pemain basket Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan Q-angle dan patellafemoral pain syndrome pada pemain bola basket wanita. Nilai p value dari Q-angle sebesar 0,024 sehingga Ho ditolak dengan nilai r = 0,579 menunjukan hubungan positif dan kekuatan korelasi yang tinggi, patellofemoral pain syndrome 0,043 dengan nilai r = 0,528 menunjukan hubungan positif dan kekuatan korelasi yang kuat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan Q-angle terhadap keluhan patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Estimation and Evaulation of Collagen Fibres as Stromal Componment in Various Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Picrosirius Red Stain under Polarised Microscope
Authors: Nayak Manjushree , Panda Jayanta Kumar , Mishra Sudha Smruti , Das Bijay Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) is the 3rd most common form of malignancy in developed countries[1]. The tumour is composed of two basic components i e, the neoplastic cells and the reactive stroma. The stromal changes which indicate the propensity of tumour cells to infiltrate and metastasise can also be used as one of the prognostic indicator[4,5]. Use of Picrosirius red (PSR) stain along with circular polarising microscope is helpful to detect spread of malignancy and guides the treatment plan and assess prognosis[11]. The present study is aimed to analyse the various aspects of collagen fibres in relation with the different grades OSSC. 30 patients of OSCC of various grades and 10 cases of normal mucosa were evaluated and data analysed statistically using sigma scan pro image analysis software(SPSS).
Observation: Thirty patients (male-19 and female -11) of OSCC of age group 47-60 years were analysed. There were 14 well differentiated (WDSCC), 12 moderately differentiated (MDSCC) and 4 poorly differentiated (PDSCC) cases. When examined under polarising microscope majority (85.7%) of WDSCC and 41.67% of MDSCC showed reddish orange (RO) collagen fibres whereas in PDSCC (50%) showed green yellow (GY) collagen fibres which is statistically significant (P=0.02).In WDSCC 57.14% and in MDSCC 50% had swirl(S) arrangement whereas in PDSCC 50% had crosss hatchet (CH) and bundle arrangement. This is again statistically significant (P=0.031).While examining the orientation of collagen fibres in WDSCC 71.43% and in MDSCC, 83.33% had parallel orientation whereas in PDSCC 75% showed non parallel orientation. This orientation is statistically significant (p.008). On comparing the nature of birefringence maximum cases of WDSCC (85.71%) and MDSCC (83.33%) revealed strong birefringence whereas in PDSCC 75% exhibited weak. (statistically significant p.001).
Conclusion: PSR stain under polarising microscope is an adjunct to the routine staining for studying stromal changes. The colour, arrangement, orientation & birefringence changes reflect its gradual shift from WDSCC to PDSCC and may help as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in OSCC.