bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effect of tDCS of the primary motor cortex on isometric exercise performance or perceived fatigue
Authors: Wrightson James Graeme , Twomey Rosie , Yeung Samuel Tin Yan , Millet Guillaume Yves 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex has been reported to improve isometric exercise performance without changing corticospinal excitability. One possible cause for this may be the previous use of relatively high (2 mA) current intensities, which have inconsistent effects on corticospinal excitability. The present pre‐registered study aimed to replicate previously reported ergogenic effects of 2 mA tDCS and examine whether 1 mA anodal tDCS both improved isometric exercise performance and perceived fatigue, and more reliably altered corticospinal excitability. On three separate occasions, participants performed a sustained submaximal isometric knee extension until failure after receiving either 1, 2 mA or sham anodal tDCS. Corticospinal excitability of the knee extensors was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation immediately before and after tDCS. Rating of fatigue was recorded throughout the isometric exercise. Neither 1 nor 2 mA tDCS improved exercise performance, or reduced perceived fatigue, compared with sham stimulation. There was also no effect of tDCS on the corticospinal excitability of the knee extensors. We found no effect of tDCS on either exercise performance, perceived fatigue or corticospinal excitability. This study adds to the growing body of literature reporting no ergogenic effect of tDCS. Large pre‐registered replications of previously reported effects are now required before tDCS can be considered an effective method to improve exercise performance.
The importance of caveolins and caveolae to dermatology: Lessons from the caves and beyond
Authors: Egger Andjela N. , Rajabi‐Estarabadi Ali , Williams Natalie M. , Resnik Sydney R. , Fox Joshua D. , Wong Lulu L. , Jozic Ivan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCaveolae are flask‐shaped invaginations of the cell membrane rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, with caveolin proteins acting as their primary structural components that allow compartmentalization and orchestration of various signalling molecules. In this review, we discuss how pleiotropic functions of caveolin‐1 (Cav1) and its intricate roles in numerous cellular functions including lipid trafficking, signalling, cell migration and proliferation, as well as cellular senescence, infection and inflammation, are integral for normal development and functioning of skin and its appendages. We then examine how disruption of the homeostatic levels of Cav1 can lead to development of various cutaneous pathophysiologies including skin cancers, cutaneous fibroses, psoriasis, alopecia, age‐related changes in skin and aberrant wound healing and propose how levels of Cav1 may have theragnostic value in skin physiology/pathophysiology.
Heterogeneity effects on mixed‐mode I/II stress intensity factors and fracture path of laboratory asphalt mixtures in the shape of SCB specimen
Authors: Aliha M.R.M. , Ziari Hassan , Mojaradi Barat , Sarbijan Majid Jebalbarezi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEdge cracked semi‐circular shape specimen subjected to three point bend loading is a favourite test specimen for determining fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures. However, in the vast majority of previous experimental works, the homogeneous medium assumption has been considered for determining the stress intensity factor and geometry factors of asphalt mixtures tested with this test configuration. As a more realistic model and in order to consider the effects of heterogeneity on corresponding values of stress intensity factors, the asphalt mixture was modelled as a two‐phase aggregate/mastic heterogeneous mixture and its fracture behaviour was investigated using numerical models of asymmetric semi‐circular bend (ASCB) specimens. The generation and packing algorithm was employed to randomly distribute the aggregates with different shapes and sizes inside the mastic part. The effect of the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture (elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratios of aggregates and mastic), coarse aggregates distribution and crack length were studied on modes I and II geometry factors by means of extensive two‐dimensional finite element analyses. Moreover, the effect of the elastic modulus of asphalt mixture components was evaluated on the fracture path using the maximum tangential stress criterion. It was shown that crack tip location, elastic modulus of aggregates and mastic are the most important affecting parameters on the magnitude of modes I and II geometry factors. It was also shown that the geometry factors are not sensitive to the Poisson's ratios of aggregates and mastic. In addition, fracture cracking path is affected by the elastic modulus of the asphalt mixture components such that, depending on the difference between the stiffness of stiffer coarse aggregates and softer mastic part, the crack may propagate either through the aggregates, mastic or interface of aggregate/mastic.
Trophic niche segregation allows range‐extending coral reef fishes to co‐exist with temperate species under climate change
Authors: Kingsbury Kelsey M. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Booth David J. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChanging climate is forcing many terrestrial and marine species to extend their ranges poleward to stay within the bounds of their thermal tolerances. However, when such species enter higher latitude ecosystems, they engage in novel interactions with local species, such as altered predator–prey dynamics and competition for food. Here, we evaluate the trophic overlap between range‐extending and local fish species along the east coast of temperate Australia, a hotspot for ocean warming and species range extensions. Stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C) of muscle tissue and stomach content analysis were used to quantify overlap of trophic niche space between vagrant tropical and local temperate fish communities along a 730 km (6°) latitudinal gradient. Our study shows that in recipient temperate ecosystems, sympatric tropical and temperate species do not overlap significantly in their diet—even though they forage on broadly similar prey groups—and are therefore unlikely to compete for trophic niche space. The tropical and temperate species we studied, which are commonly found in shallow‐water coastal environments, exhibited moderately broad niche breadths and local‐scale dietary plasticity, indicating trophic generalism. We posit that because these species are generalists, they can co‐exist under current climate change, facilitating the existence of novel community structures.
The interplay between work engagement, workaholism, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in academics: A person‐centred approach to the study of occupational well‐being and its relations with job hindrances and job challenges in an Italian university
Authors: Guidetti Gloria , Viotti Sara , Converso Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the occupational well‐being of academics by using a person‐centred approach. Data was collected by an online self‐report questionnaire involving the academic population of a large Italian university. Cluster analysis showed the presence of four significantly different clusters, that were labelled engaged‐satisfied, engaged‐workaholic, exhausted‐workaholic and detached. Multivariate analysis of variances showed significant differences between clusters regarding well‐being dimensions, and the perception of work demand on academics as sources of hindrance or challenge. The findings of this study suggested, for the first time, the existence of a well‐being typology within the academic context, considering aspects, such as workaholism, that have been rarely taken into account. Moreover, it has been shown that the well‐being profile can influence the way in which academics perceived academic work demands, highlighting the potentialities of analysing well‐being profile in order to identify employees who are more or less at risk.
Flodoard of Rheims and the historiography of the tenth‐century West
Authors: Roberts Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlodoard of Rheims is one of the most important authors of tenth‐century Europe, and the only contemporary historian to document the momentous struggles between kings and nobles in Francia in the wake of the demise of the Carolingian Empire. Flodoard's era stands at the center of major historiographical debates concerning the nature of political and social change and the origins of European institutions. Yet, despite his singularity, his substantial histories have received little attention from scholars examining the profound transformations of the period. Exploring this discrepancy, this article offers an overview of Flodoard's career and reviews how his histories have been invoked in some of the great scholarly debates about tenth‐century Europe. It further proposes to recontextualize Flodoard and to reread his histories from the bottom up in order to gain a subtler understanding of how one contemporary perceived and represented the dramatic events and changes taking place around him.
Phase formation and lattice distortion of Lu2O3‐doped ZrO2 in comparison with Y2O3‐doped ZrO2
Authors: Park Min‐sung , Kim Buyoung , Kim Taewoo , Hong Eunpyo , Lee Heesoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLu2O3 and Y2O3 doping of 8, 11, and 18 mol% in ZrO2 were prepared by solid solution reaction, aiming to study the phase stabilization of Lu2O3‐doped ZrO2 and Y2O3‐doped ZrO2 in terms of phase formation and lattice distortion. The Rietveld refinement results indicated that Lu2O3‐doped ZrO2 and Y2O3‐doped ZrO2 followed the same trend in terms of cubic phase fraction, increasing from 25%–30% (8 mol%) to 95%–100% (11 and 18 mol%). This phase formation was confirmed by observing the same diffraction ring pattern observed for the Lu2O3‐doped ZrO2 and Y2O3‐doped ZrO2. The Vickers hardness of the Lu2O3‐doped ZrO2 was 4.3% higher than that of Y2O3‐doped ZrO2 at 8 mol%, but 9.7% and 14.8% lower at 11 and 18 mol%, respectively. This was likely caused by the lattice distortion effect of Y2O3 doping overpowering the field strength difference between Lu3+ and Y3+.
Improving the physical properties of fish gelatin by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and ultrasonication (US)
Authors: Sezer Purlen , Okur Ilhami , Oztop Mecit Halil , Alpas Hami 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this study, it was aimed to improve the physical properties of fish gelatin by using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and ultrasonication (US). Gelatin solutions were exposed to different pressures and ultrasonication separately and gelled afterwards. The physicochemical measurements based on gel strength, turbidity and rheology experiments showed that HHP treatment on fish and bovine gelatin stabilized the gelatin network by organising the structure and reducing the free volume. Both processing methods (HHP and US) increased the gel strength significantly (P < 0.05) compared with non‐treated samples. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that conformations of amino acids changed after the treatments. Furthermore, US treatment was shown to destroy the gelatin network, change the gelation mechanism and decreased the degree of aggregation. Both treatments improved the gel characteristics as gel strength, gelling and melting temperatures of the fish gelatin. At the end, the best combination for fish gelatin among HHP and US treatments was found as 400 MPa–10 °C–15 min pressurisation.
Environmental sustainability of orthopedic devices produced with powder bed fusion
Authors: Cappucci Grazia Maria , Pini Martina , Neri Paolo , Marassi Marta , Bassoli Elena , Ferrari Anna Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing consists in melting metallic powders to produce objects from 3D data, layer upon layer. Its industrial applications range from automotive, biomedical (e.g., prosthetic implants for dentistry and orthopedics), aeronautics and others. This study uses life cycle assessment to evaluate the possible improvement in environmental performance of laser‐based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing systems on prosthetic device production. Environmental impacts due to manufacturing, use, and end of life of the designed solution were assessed. In addition, two powder production technologies, gas atomization (GA) and plasma atomization (PA), were compared in order to establish the most sustainable one. Production via traditional subtractive technologies and the additive manufacturing production were also compared. 3D building was found to have a significant environmental advantage compared to the traditional technology. The powder production process considerably influences on a damage point of view the additive manufacturing process; however, its impact can be mitigated if GA powders are employed.
The development process of self‐acceptance among Chinese women with breast cancer
Authors: Chen Shuang‐Qin , Sun Ning , Ge Wei , Su Ji‐Er , Li Qian‐Ru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe development process of self‐acceptance in breast cancer survivors is a dynamic process that is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to explore and delineate the dynamic progression toward self‐acceptance in Chinese women with breast cancer.MethodsData were collected through individual in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews with 20 women who had undergone treatment for breast cancer at the breast center in a large tertiary care hospital in Ningbo, China between September 2016 and June 2017. Data analysis occurred through the open, axial, and selective coding stages of grounded theory and used the constant comparative method.ResultsBased on the interviewer responses, one core category, three categories, and seven subcategories were identified that pertained to the process of self‐acceptance in Chinese women with breast cancer. The core category of self‐acceptance was normalization, returning to the pre‐illness state with an identity and image that conformed to the cultural norm. To reach normalization, women progressed through a crisis stage, a compromise stage, and a managing impressions stage.ConclusionThis study proposes that self‐acceptance in breast cancer survivors is a dynamic and active process. Findings will inform the development of interventions that will provide structure and support to Chinese women with breast cancer.
Reduced association between dendritic cells and corneal sub‐basal nerve fibers in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Klitsch Alexander , Evdokimov Dimitar , Frank Johanna , Thomas Dominique , Saffer Nadine , Meyer zu Altenschildesche Caren , Sisignano Marco , Kampik Daniel , Malik Rayaz A. , Sommer Claudia , Üçeyler Nurcan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn our study, we aimed at investigating corneal langerhans cells (LC) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) as potential contributors to corneal small fiber pathology. We enrolled women with FMS (n = 134) and SFN (n = 41) who underwent neurological examination, neurophysiology, prostaglandin analysis in tear fluid, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Data were compared with those of 60 age‐matched female controls. After screening for dry eye disease, corneal LC were counted and sub‐classified as dendritic (dLC) and non‐dendritic (ndLC) cells with or without nerve fiber association. We further analyzed corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), length (CNFL), and branch density (CNBD). Neurological examination indicated deficits of small fiber function in patients with SFN. Nerve conduction studies were normal in all participants. Dry eye disease was more prevalent in FMS (17%) and SFN (28%) patients than in controls (5%). Tear fluid prostaglandin levels did not differ between FMS patients and controls. While corneal LC density in FMS and SFN patients was not different from controls, there were fewer dLC in association with nerve fibers in FMS and SFN patients than in controls (P < .01 each). Compared to controls, CNFL was lower in FMS and SFN patients (P < .05 each), CNFD was lower only in FMS patients (P < .05), and CNBD was lower only in SFN patients (P < .001). There was no difference in any CCM parameter between patients with and without dry eyes. Our data indicate changes in corneal innervation and LC distribution in FMS and SFN, potentially based on altered LC signaling.
Ovule morphogenesis and structure in Menispermaceae, focusing on the development of the single fertile ovule and its systematic significance
Authors: Wang Lu , Yan Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Ren Yi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMenispermaceae is one of the core groups of Ranunculales. The single fertile ovule in each ovary in Menispermaceae varies greatly in integument number, micropyle formation, and integument lobe. However, data regarding ovule morphogenesis in the family are very limited. In this study, we document ovule development of selected species in the Menispermaceae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Ovule development in Menispermaceae shows the following characteristics. Two ovules are initiated in a young carpel, one of them degenerates gradually and the other develops into a fertile ovule in subsequent stages. Bitegmic in Sinomenium Diels. and Cocculus DC. and unitegmic in Stephania Lour. The formation of unitegmy is probably due to integumentary shifting. The annularly initiated inner integument is of dermal origin and has 2–3 cell layers in the family, but the semi‐annularly initiated outer integument is of both dermal and subdermal origin. Both inner and outer integument are cup‐shaped at maturity. The cup‐shaped outer integument is formed due to the outer integument's extension to the concave (adaxial) side of the funiculus. The obturator is well developed and consists of 2–3 cell layers in Cocculus or 9–11 cell layers in Stephania. Ovule development of Menispermaceae suggests some common characteristics between Cocculus and Sinomenium, and derived unitegmy supports molecular data that indicate Stephania is one of the late‐diverging lineages in the family. Integument lobations are present. The sterile ovule shows variations in the degeneration process. These results will provide evidence for exploring the evolution of ovules in Ranunculales.
Parental responsibility for pediatric ventricular assist devices: Views of families on the acceptability of hospital discharge
Authors: Crowe Lisa , Simpson Emma , Reinhardt Zdenka , Rankin Judith 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundParacorporeal pediatric VAD therapy requires hospital residency due to device and patient factors. Discharge home is potentially possible with a mobile driving unit. This study aimed to investigate family views on hospital discharge of a child on VAD.MethodsQualitative methodologies were adopted. We undertook 24 interviews of families who had a transplanted child previously on a VAD, and participant observations of two families who were current VAD patients residing in hospital.ResultsFamilies experienced overwhelming emotions as they spent time adjusting to the diagnosis, the need for transplant, family separation, and financial concerns. Despite many parents being partially/fully trained on the VAD, the majority would be reluctant to be discharged, fearing emergencies, high burden of care needs, and social isolation. Three families with a child on a Berlin Heart expressed willingness to reside in the hospital accommodation at least part‐time, to facilitate private family time. One child on HeartWare was discharged home, with another going through the discharge process. Discharge was not acceptable to most families if this meant downgrading their child's transplant listing urgency status.ConclusionParents and children on VAD value independence and some private family time but not at the perceived expense of safety. Families preferred their child on VAD to remain resident in hospital even if mobility is improved with a mobile driving device. Parental education should acknowledge the high burden on families, risks of a remote setting and offer intermediate residency options. It cannot be assumed families want hospital discharge.
The association of frailty with oral cleaning habits and oral hygiene among elderly home care clients
Authors: Tuuliainen Eveliina , Nihtilä Annamari , Komulainen Kaija , Nykänen Irma , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tiihonen Miia , Suominen Anna Liisa 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of frail elderly people living at home but dependent on supportive care will face complex oral health challenges.ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of frailty status with oral cleaning habits and oral hygiene taking into account the effects of preventive oral health intervention among home care clients aged 75 or over.MethodsData were gathered by interviews and clinical oral examinations at baseline and after a 6‐month follow‐up. Frailty status was evaluated at baseline using the abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA) scale, which consists of 15 questions from three different domains: cognitive status, functional status and depression. A total of 231 home care clients completed the aCGA at baseline and the interview and clinical oral examination both at baseline and after the follow‐up.ResultsUsing the aCGA classification with at least one score in the ≥2 domain, 62% of clients were classified as frail at baseline. They had poorer oral cleaning habits and hygiene, and they had lost more teeth than nonfrail participants. Multivariate analysis showed that being frail at baseline was statistically significantly associated with a lower frequency of toothbrushing and denture cleaning (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9 and OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.8) at baseline, but not after the follow‐up. Membership in the intervention group was associated with better oral cleaning at the follow‐up. However, among the frail participants, toothbrushing frequency was still significantly lower and oral hygiene poorer than among the nonfrail group.ConclusionsOral cleaning habits of frail elderly people were slightly improved as a result of external support, which had a positive effect on oral hygiene. Individual preventive actions in the context of oral health and hygiene should be integrated into the daily care plan of home care clients with the first signs of frailty.