bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint modelling of national cultures accounting for within and between-country heterogeneity
Authors: Vinciotti Veronica , De Benedictis Luca , Wit Ernst C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cultural values vary significantly around the world. Despite a large heterogeneity, similarities across national cultures are present. This article studies cross-country culture heterogeneity via the joint inference of country-specific copula graphical models from world-wide survey data. To this end, a random graph generative model of the cultural networks is introduced, with a latent space and proximity measures that embed cultural relatedness across countries. Within-country heterogeneity is also accounted for, via parametric modelling of the marginal distributions of each cultural trait. Altogether, the different components of the model are able to identify several dimensions of culture.
Scalable couplings for the random walk Metropolis algorithm
Authors: Papp Tamás P , Sherlock Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest in coupling methods for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms: they facilitate convergence quantification and unbiased estimation, while exploiting embarrassingly parallel computing capabilities. Motivated by these, we consider the design and analysis of couplings of the random walk Metropolis algorithm which scale well with the dimension of the target measure. Methodologically, we introduce a low-rank modification of the synchronous coupling that is provably optimally contractive in standard high-dimensional asymptotic regimes. We expose a shortcoming of the reflection coupling, the state of the art at the time of writing, and we propose a modification which mitigates the issue. Our analysis bridges the gap to the optimal scaling literature and builds a framework of asymptotic optimality which may be of independent interest. We illustrate the applicability of our proposed couplings, and the potential for extending our ideas, with various numerical experiments.
Adaptive conformal classification with noisy labels
Authors: Sesia Matteo , Wang Y X Rachel , Tong Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article develops a conformal prediction method for classification tasks that can adapt to random label contamination in the calibration sample, often leading to more informative prediction sets with stronger coverage guarantees compared to existing approaches. This is obtained through a precise characterization of the coverage inflation (or deflation) suffered by standard conformal inferences in the presence of label contamination, which is then made actionable through a new calibration algorithm. Our solution can leverage different modelling assumptions about the contamination process, while requiring no knowledge of the underlying data distribution or of the inner workings of the classification model. The empirical performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations and an application to object classification with the CIFAR-10H image data set.
A rare case of appendiceal haemorrhage causing life-threatening haematochezia
Authors: Tang Howard H Y , Pan Daming , Fitzdowse Andrew , Ow Aaron , Chan Stephen , Tan Jason S C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our case involved a 28-year-old man who presented with life-threatening haematochezia. Computed tomography angiogram revealed contrast extravasation from the appendix pooling in the caecum. Management via laparoscopic stapled partial caecectomy was successful. Histopathology revealed focal mild acute appendicitis with focal ulceration to submucosa.
Pelvic lipomatosis—a rare diagnosis and a challenging management: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ata Yaser M , Al-Jassim Fatima A , Alabassi Kholoud , Albakr Ahmed , Ismail Taha , Al Jalham Khalid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pelvic lipomatosis (PL) involves nonmalignant excess fat growth in perirectal and perivesical areas, gaining recognition over three decades. This review addresses its clinicopathological aspects amid controversies, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive examination of current literature. This report outlines a 42-year-old man’s diagnostic journey for persistent urological symptoms, ultimately identified as PL. PL, if untreated, adversely impacts the urinary system, affecting kidney function and causing systemic complications. Management involves accurate diagnosis through radiological methods and surgical intervention, aiming to alleviate symptoms and enhance affected individuals’ quality of life.
Temporomandibular joint ganglion-induced external auditory canal obstruction associated with osteoarthritis: a case report
Authors: Nishimura Nao Yamamoto , Usuki Takasuke , Seki Soju , Nishio Takahiro , Ishibashi Miki , Hamaguchi Munehiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ganglions are pseudocysts that develop from part of the joint capsule or tendon sheath and are filled with synovial fluid. In this report, we describe a case of external auditory canal obstruction caused by a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ganglion that was thought to be related to osteoarthritis. A 62-year-old man with the chief complaint of swelling of the anterior wall of the left external auditory canal underwent cystectomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Histopathological examination revealed a ganglion. Three months later, the swelling reappeared; computed tomography revealed an enlarged left temporomandibular head, which prompted the patient to visit our department. Subsequently, the ear canal was completely obstructed due to worsened swelling, and TMJ arthroplasty and ear canalplasty were performed. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well with no recurrence of swelling. Ganglions that arise as masses in the external auditory canal may be accompanied by osteoarthritis.
Vaginal myomectomy for a large intrastromal cervical fibroid: a case report
Authors: Alebrahim Yousef , Lim Ee Thong , Manias Theofanis , Tsampras Nikolaos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fibroids affect up to two-thirds of women of reproductive age and can lead to significant symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding and reproductive dysfunction. Cervical fibroids are rare, with an incidence of only 0.6%. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach for management of cervical fibroids. Pedunculated extracervical fibroids are routinely removed vaginally. However, intrastromal (intracervical) fibroids often require a laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. We report a case of vaginal myomectomy for the management of a large cervical fibroid in a 43-year-old patient seeking fertility treatment. We discuss the feasibility of this surgical approach and its potential for enhanced recovery.
The transnational governance model as a necessary tool for building a transnational regulatory system for the de-carbonization actions for the oil and gas sector
Authors: Braga Luciana Palmeira , Pinto Helder Queiroz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change is undeniable. It is necessary to reduce emissions in order to curb global warming and meet the Paris Agreement goals. Globally, the energy sector is the bigger greenhouse gases emitter, especially for the use of fossil fuels. Thus, it is important to think about strategies to reduce the intensity of emissions from these sources and to replace them. Previous energy transitions occurred due to the discovery of cheaper and more efficient sources, in a long-term process. The challenge imposed by this transition is to make it in a short time while moving towards less efficient sources and more expensive technologies. So, the state will have a central role to play, drawing up public policies and regulations to encourage the transition to a low-carbon economy. Thus, the state will need to act as the main promoter of this transition, offering the conditions for a fairly process, without representing too high cost for the most vulnerable populations, and in a short term. To face it, the state cannot rely solely on its resources. As proposed by Abbott and Snidal, the state will need to exercise a new form of governance, orchestrating a plurality of actors and rules from different natures to build an adequate regulation with the capacity to update itself more promptly. The state can accelerate the timing of its actions by counting on the expertise and resources of other actors, ensuring that the public interest is pursued and that the involvement of society is guaranteed in the drafting of regulations. Thus, the regulatory system for decarbonization actions in the O&G sector will be produced jointly by state and non-state actors, combining expertise and resources. It will be made up of national, international, and transnational rules, forming a transnational legal order, as proposed by Halliday and Shaffer. As Weaver argues, time is short and the collaboration and information sharing are essential, especially when both regulated private energy companies and the state actors have pledged to meet a net-zero goal to face the climate emergency. Also, the importance of creating partnerships to achieve a more sustainable reality is even included in the UN’s 17th Sustainable Development Goals. In sum, cooperation has the power to expand respective national response capabilities and generate substantive global results.
The terminator region atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-77 A b with ESPRESSO/VLT observations
Authors: Jiang Zewen , Wang Wei , Chen Guo , Shi Yaqing , Zhai Meng , Rojo Patricio , Liu Yujuan , Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Atmospheric studies are essential for elucidating the formation history, evolutionary processes, and atmospheric dynamics of exoplanets. High-resolution transmission spectroscopy offers the advantage of detecting subtle variations in stellar spectral profiles, thereby enabling the identification of the sources of observed signals. In this study, we present the transmission spectra of the exoplanet WASP-77 A b, a hot Jupiter with a 1.36-d orbital period around a G8 host star with $V=11.29 \, {\rm mag}$. These observations were conducted using the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations) at the VLT (Very Large Telescope) over three transit events. We analyse the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for WASP-77 A and determine a projected spin–orbit angle of ${\lambda = 16.131^{\circ }}^{+2.106}_{-2.324}$, indicating that the planet’s orbit is nearly aligned. Following the generation of transmission spectra for the three nights, we model and correct for centre-to-limb variation and the Rossiter–McLaughlin effects. In the residual transmission spectra, we detect ${\rm H} \, \alpha$, ${\rm H} \, \beta$, and Ca ii H with a significance exceeding $3.5 \sigma$. After applying $0.1\!-\!0.5$ Å masks to the cores of these lines to mitigate stellar contamination, all of them still show visible absorptions although not significant, suggesting at least partial planet contribution to them. Therefore, we are yet unable to confirm or reject the planetary origin of these spectral signals based on the current data set. Further investigation of WASP-77 A b’s atmosphere, particularly in areas beyond the terminator region, is essential to illuminate the planet’s two-dimensional atmospheric structure.
ChiTaRS 8.0: the comprehensive database of chimeric transcripts and RNA-seq data with applications in liquid biopsy
Authors: DSouza Dylan , Bik Lihi , Giwa Olawumi , Cohen Shahaf , Barazany Hilit Levy , Siegal Tali , Frenkel-Morgenstern Milana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gene fusions are nucleotide sequences formed due to errors in replication and transcription control. These errors, resulting from chromosomal translocation, transcriptional errors or trans-splicing, vary from cell to cell. The identification of fusions has become critical as key biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapy in various cancers, significantly influencing modern medicine. Chimeric Transcripts and RNA-Sequencing database version 8.0 (ChiTaRS 8.0; http://biosrv.org/chitars) is a specialized repository for human chimeric transcripts, containing 47 445 curated RNA transcripts and over 100 000 chimeric sequences in humans. This updated database provides unique information on 1055 chimeric breakpoints derived from public datasets using chromosome conformation capture techniques (the Hi-C datasets). It also includes an expanded list of gene fusions that are potential drug targets, and chimeric breakpoints across 934 cell lines, positioning ChiTaRS 8.0 as a valuable resource for testing personalized cancer therapies. By utilizing text mining on a curated selection of disease-specific RNA-sequencing data from public datasets, as well as patient blood and plasma samples, we have identified novel chimeras—particularly in diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma and glioblastoma—now catalogued in ChiTaRS. Thus, ChiTaRS 8.0 serves as an enhanced fusion transcript repository that incorporates insights into the functional landscape of chimeras in cancers and other complex diseases, based on liquid biopsy results.
Enhanced detection and genotyping of disease-associated tandem repeats using HMMSTR and targeted long-read sequencing
Authors: Van Deynze Kinsey , Mumm Camille , Maltby Connor J , Switzenberg Jessica A , Todd Peter K , Boyle Alan P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tandem repeat sequences comprise approximately 8% of the human genome and are linked to more than 50 neurodegenerative disorders. Accurate characterization of disease-associated repeat loci remains resource intensive and often lacks high resolution genotype calls. We introduce a multiplexed, targeted nanopore sequencing panel and HMMSTR, a sequence-based tandem repeat copy number caller which outperforms current signal- and sequence-based callers relative to two assemblies and we show it performs with high accuracy in heterozygous regions and at low read coverage. The flexible panel allows us to capture disease associated regions at an average coverage of &gt;150x. Using these tools, we successfully characterize known or suspected repeat expansions in patient derived samples. In these samples, we also identify unexpected expanded alleles at tandem repeat loci not previously associated with the underlying diagnosis. This genotyping approach for tandem repeat expansions is scalable, simple, flexible and accurate, offering significant potential for diagnostic applications and investigation of expansion co-occurrence in neurodegenerative disorders.
Magnetar emergence in a peculiar gamma-ray burst from a compact star merger
Authors: Sun H , Wang C-W , Yang J , Zhang B-B , Xiong S-L , Yin Y-H I , Liu Y , Li Y , Xue W-C , Yan Z-Y , Zhang C , Tan W-J , Pan H-W , Liu J-C , Cheng H-Q , Zhang Y-Q , Hu J-W , Zheng C , An Z-H , Cai C , Cai Z-M , Hu L , Jin C , Li D-Y , Li X-Q , Liu H-Y , Liu M , Peng W-X , Song L-M , Sun S-L , Sun X-J , Wang X-L , Wen X-Y , Xiao S , Yi S-X , Zhang F , Zhang W-D , Zhang X-F , Zhang Y-H , Zhao D-H , Zheng S-J , Ling Z-X , Zhang S-N , Yuan W , Zhang B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs[1–8]. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars[9,10]. Indirect indications of a magnetar engine in these merger sources have been observed in the form of plateau features present in the X-ray afterglow light curves of some short GRBs[11,12]. Additionally, some X-ray transients lacking gamma-ray bursts have been identified as potential magnetar candidates originating from compact star mergers[7,13,14]. Nevertheless, smoking gun evidence is still lacking for a magnetar engine in short GRBs, and associated theoretical challenges have been raised[15]. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the broad-band prompt emission data of a peculiar, very bright GRB 230307A. Despite its apparently long duration, the prompt emission and host galaxy properties are consistent with a compact star merger origin, as suggested by its association with a kilonova[16]. Intriguingly, an extended X-ray emission component shows up as the γ-ray emission dies out, signifying the likely emergence of a magnetar central engine. We also identify an achromatic temporal break in the high-energy band during the prompt emission phase, which was never observed in previous bursts and reveals a narrow jet with half opening angle of ∼3.4○(RGRB/1015 cm)−1/2, where RGRB is the GRB prompt emission radius.
Prevalence and Predictors of Concomitant Bacterial Infections in Patients With Respiratory Viruses in Ontario: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yue , Swayze Sarah , Brown Kevin A , MacFadden Derek R , Lee Samantha M , Schwartz Kevin L , Daneman Nick , Langford Bradley J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate the prevalence of concomitant bacterial infection across common viral infections.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included patients infected with influenza A and B (FLUA, FLUB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Ontario between 2017 and 2019 and patients with SARS-CoV-2 between 2020 and 2021. Specific bacteria present in concomitant infections were identified. Concomitant infections were further classified into different categories (eg, coinfection −2 to +2 days from viral infection and secondary infection &gt;2 days after viral infection). We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of bacterial infections for FLUA, FLUB, and RSV relative to SARS-CoV-2 while adjusting for confounders.

Results
A total of 4230 (0.5%, 885 004) viral cases had concomitant bacterial infections, encompassing 422 of FLUB (4.7%, 8891), 861 of FLUA (3.9%, 22 313), 428 of RSV (3.4%, 12 774), and 2519 of COVID-19 (0.3%, 841 026). The most prevalent species causing concomitant bacterial infection were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When compared with SARS-CoV-2, the adjusted odds ratio for bacterial infection was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.48–1.93) for FLUA, 2.30 (95% CI, 1.97–2.69) for FLUB, and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.33–1.82) for RSV. The adjusted odds of coinfection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 were lower but higher for secondary infection as compared with the other viruses.

Conclusions
A higher prevalence and risk of concomitant bacterial infection were found in FLUA, FLUB, and RSV as compared with SARS-CoV-2, although this is largely driven by coinfections. Ongoing surveillance efforts are needed to compare the risk of concomitant infections during periods when these viruses are cocirculating.
Enhancing early career development in pain medicine: the comprehensive role of mentorship
Authors: Eshraghi Yashar , Barad Meredith , Pritzlaff Scott , Emerick Trent , Wahezi Sayed , Anitescu Magdalena , Kohan Lynn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mentorship plays a vital role in pain medicine, guiding professionals from medical training through independent practice. This article explores how mentorship fosters research, enhances clinical competence, and promotes multidisciplinary collaboration. Drawing on insights from leading institutions, we propose a structured mentorship framework tailored to different career stages. Effective mentorship cultivates research skills, expands academic networks, and provides early exposure to the field, shaping long-term career trajectories. It also strengthens clinical expertise, encourages cross-disciplinary collaboration, and advances diversity, equity, and inclusion in medicine. Structured academic mentorship models offer longitudinal guidance for sustained professional development. By aligning mentor-mentee goals and ensuring consistent support, mentorship programs maximize professional growth and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This article outlines key strategies and tools for building effective mentorship programs, emphasizing their transformative impact on the field of pain medicine.
The role of nailfold video-capillaroscopy in the assessment of dermatomyositis
Authors: Xu Hui , Qian Jie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The clinical manifestations of dermatomyositis (DM) are diverse, nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) can reflect microangiopathy, a process believed to contribute significantly to the clinical manifestations of DM. We aimed to explore the distinctive alterations and implications of nailfold capillary for evaluating disease progression in individuals with DM.

Methods
We gathered clinical data from 76 DM patients who underwent NVC in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between September 2017 and September 2022. Additionally, we recruited 26 anti-synthase antibody syndrome (ASS) patients and 33 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients as controls. Utilizing an unsupervised machine learning method (hierarchical clustering analysis) to categorized patients based on NVC results and compared clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. The follow-up period ended in December 2022.

Results
Anomalous NVC patterns were detected in 73.7% of the 76 DM patients and manifested as diminished capillary density and abnormal capillary morphology. Patients displaying abnormal NVC findings exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon and a greater likelihood of being managed with triple combination therapy. Compared with SSc patients, milder NVC changes were observed in patients with DM, nonetheless, NVC abnormalities were more prominent in DM patients when contrasted with individuals with ASS. Furthermore, the patients were classified into two different clusters according to NVC data. Patients in cluster 1 were more likely to develop interstitial lung disease (ILD). Survival outcomes did not differ significantly between the two clusters.

Conclusion
DM patients can experience varying degrees of aberrant NVC patterns, which can impact ILD risk and warrant clinical vigilance.
Global innovation cooperation and governance: evidence from China
Authors: Sun Tara Qian , Liu Yun , Fu Xiaolan , Rogers Juan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global innovation cooperation and governance have become increasingly critical against the backdrop of rapid digital transformation and evolving international dynamics. The purpose of this special section is to examine the pivotal role of collaborative innovation frameworks amid the swift proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, emphasizing the importance of harmonized international regulations and institutional arrangements with evidance from China at the firm, industrial, and regional levels. By situating AI as both a driver of economic competitiveness and a potential source of regulatory challenges, the special section underscores the need for robust global partnerships and policy coordination. Such initiatives not only facilitate shared research and development efforts but also foster an environment conducive to ethical, transparent, and sustainable innovation. Drawing on recent advancements and ongoing policy debates, this special section provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and strategies necessary to enhance cross-border collaboration. Ultimately, the findings highlight the imperative of building an inclusive, adaptable, and future-oriented governance system, ensuring that innovation and technological progress contribute to equitable and enduring global development.