bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Samapleu mafic–ultramafic intrusion (western Ivory Coast): cumulate of a high-Mg basaltic magma with (coeval) ultrahigh-temperature–medium-pressure metamorphism
Authors: Gouedji Franck , Picard Christian , Audet Marc-Antoine , Goncalvès Philippe , Coulibaly Yacouba , Bakayoko Bouaké 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Mineralogical, geochemical and metamorphic characterization of the Samapleu intrusion shows that it is composed of cumulates of mafic and ultramafic rocks. The ultramafic unit resulted from a single and progressively evolved primitive magma. The mafic unit could have evolved from the same magma or could have formed following a second, more evolved magma injection. The data and signature of major, trace elements and rare earth elements of the mafic intrusion indicate that it is of basaltic composition with a low Ti and high content of MgO. In addition, it is formed by fractional crystallization under the impingement of a mantle plume at the base of the continental crust, inducing textural and mineralogical characteristics of high metamorphic grade with a low level of contamination. Contact metamorphism is represented by hybrid lithofacies composed of mixtures of mafic igneous and aluminous semipelitic rocks with ultrahigh temperature (
T
= 850 ± 100°C and
P
= 7.5 ± 1 kbar), which confirm the establishment of this intrusion at the base of the continental crust (
c.
22 km). Therefore, the Paleoproterozoic age (2.09 Ga, age U–Pb on rutile) of the Samapleu intrusion would imply that the intrusion could be coeval with the plume-related ocean flood basalts of the Birimian sequence.
Catheter Ablation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock and Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ballout Jad A. , Wazni Oussama M. , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Saliba Walid I. , Kanj Mohamed , Diab Mohamed , Bhargava Mandeep , Baranowski Bryan , Dresing Thomas J. , Callahan Thomas D. , Cantillon Daniel J. , Rickard John , Martin David O. , Varma Niraj , Niebauer Mark J. , Chung Mina K. , Tchou Patrick J. , Lindsay Bruce D. , Hussein Ayman A. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
There is paucity of data regarding radiofrequency ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with cardiogenic shock and concomitant VT refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs on mechanical support.

Methods:
Patients undergoing VT ablation at our center were enrolled in a prospectively maintained registry and screened for the current study (2010–2017).

Results:
All 21 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock and concomitant refractory ventricular arrhythmia undergoing bailout ablation due to inability to wean off mechanical support were included. Median age was 61 years, 86% were men, median left ventricular ejection fraction was 20%, 81% had ischemic cardiomyopathy, and PAINESD score was 18±5. The type of mechanical support in place before the procedure was intra-aortic balloon pump in 14 patients (67%), Impella CP in 2, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 2, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon pump in 2, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella CP in 1. Endocardial voltage maps showed myocardial scar in 19 patients (90%). The clinical VTs were inducible in 13 patients (62%), whereas 6 patients had premature ventricular contraction–induced ventricular fibrillation/VT (29%), and VT could not be induced in 2 patients (9%). Activation mapping was possible in all 13 with inducible clinical VTs. Substrate modification was performed in 15 patients with scar (79%). After ablation and scar modification, the arrhythmia was noninducible in 19 patients (91%). Seventeen (81%) were eventually weaned off mechanical support successfully, but 6 (29%) died during the index admission from persistent cardiogenic shock. Patients who had ventricular arrhythmia and cardiogenic shock on presentation had a trend toward lower in-hospital mortality compared with those who presented with cardiogenic shock and later developed ventricular arrhythmia.

Conclusions:
Bailout ablation for refractory ventricular arrhythmia in cardiogenic shock allowed successful weaning from mechanical support in a large proportion of patients. Mortality remains high, but the majority of patients were discharged home and survived beyond 1 year.
Impact of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection
Authors: Wilkoff Bruce L. , Boriani Giuseppe , Mittal Suneet , Poole Jeanne E. , Kennergren Charles , Corey G. Ralph , Love John C. , Augostini Ralph , Faerestrand Svein , Wiggins Sherman S. , Healey Jeff S. , Holbrook Reece , Lande Jeffrey D. , Lexcen Daniel R. , Willey Sarah , Tarakji Khaldoun G. ,   for the WRAP-IT Investigators
Published: April 2020

Background:
Current understanding of the impact of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is based on retrospective analyses from medical records or administrative claims data. The WRAP-IT (Worldwide Randomized Antibiotic Envelope Infection Prevention Trial) offers an opportunity to evaluate the clinical and economic impacts of CIED infection from the hospital, payer, and patient perspectives in the US healthcare system.

Methods:
This was a prespecified, as-treated analysis evaluating outcomes related to major CIED infections: mortality, quality of life, disruption of CIED therapy, healthcare utilization, and costs. Payer costs were assigned using medicare fee for service national payments, while medicare advantage, hospital, and patient costs were derived from similar hospital admissions in administrative datasets.

Results:

Major CIED infection was associated with increased all-cause mortality (12-month risk-adjusted hazard ratio, 3.41 [95% CI, 1.81–6.41];
P
<0.001), an effect that sustained beyond 12 months (hazard ratio through all follow-up, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.29–4.07];
P
=0.004). Quality of life was reduced (
P
=0.004) and did not normalize for 6 months. Disruptions in CIED therapy were experienced in 36% of infections for a median duration of 184 days. Mean costs were $55 547±$45 802 for the hospital, $26 867±$14 893, for medicare fee for service and $57 978±$29 431 for Medicare Advantage (mean hospital margin of −$30 828±$39 757 for medicare fee for service and −$6055±$45 033 for medicare advantage). Mean out-of-pocket costs for patients were $2156±$1999 for medicare fee for service, and $1658±$1250 for medicare advantage.

Conclusions:
This large, prospective analysis corroborates and extends understanding of the impact of CIED infections as seen in real-world datasets. CIED infections severely impact mortality, quality of life, healthcare utilization, and cost in the US healthcare system.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Unique Identifier: NCT02277990
Human Factors Contributions to the Development of Standards for Displays of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Support of Detect-and-Avoid
Authors: Vu Kim-Phuong L. , Rorie Robert Conrad , Fern Lisa , Shively Robert Jay 
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim is to provide a high-level synthesis of human factors research that contributed to the development of detect-and-avoid display requirements for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Background The integration of UAS into the U.S. National Airspace System is a priority under the Federal Aviation Administration’s Modernization and Reform Act. For UAS to have routine access to the National Airspace System, UAS must have detect-and-avoid capabilities. One human factors challenge is to determine how to display information effectively to remote pilots for performing detect-and-avoid tasks. Method A high-level review of research informing the display requirements for UAS detect-and-avoid is provided. In addition, description of the contributions of human factors researchers in the writing of the requirements is highlighted. Results Findings from human-in-the-loop simulations are used to illustrate how evidence-based guidelines and requirements were established for the display of information to assist pilots in performing detect-and-avoid. Implications for human factors are discussed. Conclusion Human factors researchers and engineers made many contributions to generate the data used to justify the detect-and-avoid display requirements. Human factors researchers must continue to be involved in the development of standards to ensure that requirements are evidence-based and take into account human operator performance and human factors principles and guidelines. Application The research presented in this paper is relevant to the design of UAS, the writing of standards and requirements, and the work in human–systems integration.
In Situ Tremor in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Li Yifan , Wolf Mitchell D. , Kulkarni Amol D. , Bell James , Chang Jonathan S. , Nimunkar Amit , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: April 2020

Objective Surgeon tremor was measured during vitreoretinal microscopic surgeries under different hand support conditions. Background While the ophthalmic surgeon’s forearm is supported using a standard symmetric wrist rest when operating on the patient’s same side as the dominant hand (SSD), the surgeon’s hand is placed directly on the patient’s forehead when operating on the contralateral side of the dominant hand (CSD). It was hypothesized that more tremor is associated with CSD surgeries than SSD surgeries and that, using an experimental asymmetric wrist rest where the contralateral wrist bar gradually rises and curves toward the patient’s operative eye, there is no difference in tremor associated with CSD and SSD surgeries. Methods Seventy-six microscope videos, recorded from three surgeons performing macular membrane peeling operations, were analyzed using marker-less motion tracking, and movement data (instrument path length and acceleration) were recorded. Tremor acceleration frequency and magnitude were measured using spectral analysis. Following 47 surgeries using a conventional symmetric wrist support, surgeons incorporated the experimental asymmetric wrist rest into their surgical routine. Results There was 0.11 mm/s2 (22%) greater ( p = .05) average tremor acceleration magnitude for CSD surgeries (0.62 mm/s2, SD = 0.08) than SSD surgeries (0.51 mm/s2, SD = 0.09) for the symmetric wrist rest, while no significant ( p > .05) differences were observed (0.57 mm, SD = 0.13 for SSD and 0.58 mm, SD = 0.11 for CSD surgeries) for the experimental asymmetric wrist rest. Conclusion The asymmetric wrist support reduced the difference in tremor acceleration between CSD and SSD surgeries.
Tympanostomy Tube Controversies and Issues: State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To review current pragmatic issues and controversies related to tympanostomy tubes in children, in the context of current best research evidence plus expert opinion to provide nuance, address uncertainties, and fill evidence gaps. Methods: Each issue or controversy is followed by the relevant current best evidence, expert insight and opinion, and recommendations for action. The role of expert opinion and experience in forming conclusions is inversely related to the quality, consistency, and adequacy of published evidence. Conclusions are combined with opportunities for shared decision-making with caregivers to recommend pragmatic actions for clinicians in everyday settings. Results: The issues and controversies discussed include (1) appropriate tube indications, (2) rationale for not recommending tubes for recurrent acute otitis media without persistent middle ear effusion, (3) role of tubes in at-risk children with otitis media with effusion, (4) role of new, automated tube insertion devices, (5) appropriateness and feasibility of in-office tube insertion in awake children, (6) managing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acute tube otorrhea, and (7) managing recurrent or persistent tube otorrhea. Conclusions: Despite a substantial, and constantly growing, volume of high-level evidence on managing children with tympanostomy tubes, there will always be gaps, uncertainties, and controversies that benefit from clinician experience and expert opinion. In that regard, the issues discussed in this review article will hopefully aid clinicians in everyday, pragmatic management decisions.
Next‐Day Loading of a Bone‐Anchored Hearing System: Preliminary Results
Authors: McElveen John T. , Green J. Douglas , Arriaga Moises A. , Slattery William H. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy for next‐day loading of a percutaneous bone‐anchored hearing device.Study DesignMulticenter prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary neurotologic referral centers.Subject and MethodsIn this multicenter prospective study, a 4.5‐mm laser‐etched bone‐anchored hearing device was implanted in adult subjects who had conductive/mixed hearing loss or single‐sided deafness. One day following implantation, the surgical site was assessed for soft tissue reaction per the Holgers Scale, and implant stability was evaluated by manual palpation and resonance frequency analysis. On the same day, subjects were fitted with the processor. Follow‐up evaluations were at 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory and Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaires were completed postoperatively.ResultsFourteen devices were implanted in 12 subjects. Two subjects underwent bilateral implantation. Implant stability was rated as firm at every interval for all ears, and the Implant Stability Quotient values at 3 months were stable or increased as compared with day 1 measurements. Skin irritation was limited to Holgers grade 0 and 1, with the majority having no skin irritation. The mean Glasgow Benefit Inventory global score was +43.8, and the mean Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit global benefit score was 60.2%. All 14 implants have remained firmly anchored.ConclusionsNext‐day loading of this 4.5‐mm‐diameter percutaneous bone‐anchored hearing device appears to be a feasible alternative to the original 3‐month delayed loading. Although this is a preliminary study, the results support continued investigation of a next‐day loading strategy.
The experiences of, and need for, palliative care for people with motor neurone disease and their informal caregivers: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Flemming Kate , Turner Victoria , Bolsher Samantha , Hulme Bill , McHugh Elizabeth , Watt Ian 
Published: April 2020

Background: Despite being a terminal neurodegenerative disease, the role of palliative care is less recognised for motor neurone disease than for other life-limiting conditions. Understanding the experiences of, and need for, palliative care for patients and carers is key to configuring optimal policy and healthcare services. Aim: To explore the experiences of, and need for, palliative care of people with motor neurone disease and their informal carers across the disease trajectory. Design: A systematic review of qualitative research conducted using Thematic Synthesis – PROSPERO registration CRD42017075311. Data Sources: Four electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index) using terms for motor neurone disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, palliative care, and qualitative research, from inception to November 2018. Included papers were data extracted and assessed for quality. Results: A total of 41 papers were included, representing the experiences of 358 people with motor neurone disease and 369 caregivers. Analytical themes were developed detailing patients’ and carers’ experiences of living with motor neurone disease and of palliative care through its trajectory including response to diagnosis, maintaining control, decision-making during deterioration, engaging with professionals, planning for end-of-life care, bereavement. Conclusion: The review identified a considerable literature exploring the care needs of people with motor neurone disease and their carers; however, descriptions of palliative care were associated with the last days of life. Across the disease trajectory, clear points were identified where palliative care input could enhance patient and carer experience of the disease, particularly at times of significant physical change.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lactational Mastitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilson Emily , Woodd Susannah L , Benova Lenka 
Published: April 2020

Background Lactational mastitis is a maternal morbidity that affects the wellbeing of women and their babies, including through breastfeeding discontinuation. Research Aim To systematically review the available global literature on the frequency of lactational mastitis, and to summarize the evidence on risk factors for lactational mastitis. We also describe gaps in the evidence and identify priority areas for future research. Methods We systematically searched and screened 6 databases and included 26 articles, conducted meta-analysis of disease frequency, and narratively synthesized evidence on risk factors. Results In 11 (42%) articles researchers reported a measure of disease frequency; 5 (19%) reported risk factors, and 10 (39%) included both. Overall, the quality of studies was low, related to suboptimal measurement of disease frequency, high risk of bias, reverse causality, and incomplete adjustment for confounding. Meta-analysis was based on 3 studies (pooled incidence between birth and Week 25 postpartum: 11.1 episodes per 1,000 breastfeeding weeks; 95% CI [10.2–12.0]); with high heterogeneity across contexts and highest incidence in the first four weeks postpartum. Researchers assessed 42 potential risk factors; nipple damage was the most frequently studied and strongly associated with mastitis. There was a scarcity of studies from low-resource settings. Conclusions Lactational mastitis is a common condition, but the wide variability in incidence across contexts suggested that a substantial portion of this burden might be preventable. Provision of care to breastfeeding women at risk for or affected by mastitis is currently constrained due to a critical lack of high quality epidemiological evidence about its incidence and risk factors.
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Jiao , Liu Jing-Chen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) has been increasingly applied in patients for postoperative analgesia. Its effectiveness remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided ESPB in adults undergoing general anesthesia (GA) surgeries.MethodsA systematic databases search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ESPB with control or placebo. Primary outcome was iv. opioid consumption 24 h after surgery. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs consisting of 590 patients were included. Ultrasound-guided ESPB showed a reduction of intravenous opioid consumption 24 h after surgery (SMD = − 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.76 to − 1.61,p < 0.00001). Considerable heterogeneity was observed (87%). It further reduced the number of patients who required postoperative analgesia (RR = 0.41,95% CI 0.25 to 0.66,p = 0,0002) and prolonged time to first rescue analgesia (SMD = 4.56,95% CI 1.89 to 7.22,p = 0.0008).ConclusionsUltrasound-guided ESPB provides effective postoperative analgesic in adults undergoing GA surgeries.
Lifetime risk assessment in cholesterol management among hypertensive patients: observational cross-sectional study based on electronic health record data
Authors: Tahkola Aapo , Korhonen Päivi , Kautiainen Hannu , Niiranen Teemu , Mäntyselkä Pekka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
In hypertensive patients, reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C) is one of the main interventions for preventing chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, LDL-C control remains generally insufficient, also in patients with hypertension. We analyzed Electronic Health Record (EHR) data of 7117 hypertensive patients to find the most potential age and sex subgroups in greatest need for improvement in real life dyslipidemia treatment. Taking into account the current discussion on lifetime CVD risk, we focused on the age dependence in LDL-C control.

Methods
In this observational cross-sectional study, based on routine electronic health record (EHR) data, we investigated LDL-C control of hypertensive, non-diabetic patients without renal dysfunction or CVD, aged 30 years or more in Finnish primary care setting.

Results
More than half (54% of women and 53% of men) of untreated patients did not meet the LDL-C target of < 3 mmol/l and one third (35% of women and 33% of men) of patients did not reach the target even with the lipid-lowering medication (LLM). Furthermore, higher age was strongly associated with better LDL-C control (p < 0.001) and lower LDL-C level (p < 0.001) in individuals with and without LLM. Higher age was also strongly associated with LLM prescription (p < 0.001). In total, about half of the patients were on LLM (53% of women and 51% of men).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that dyslipidemia treatment among Finnish primary care hypertensive patients is generally insufficient, particularly in younger age groups who might benefit the most from CVD risk reduction over time. Clinicians should probably rely more on the lifetime risk of CVD, especially when treating working age hypertensive patients.
Influence of renal function on stroke outcome after mechanical thrombectomy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pan Xiding , Zhou Feng , Shen Rui , Zhu Yubing , Arima Hisatomi , Yang Jie , Zhou Junshan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
For acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT), renal dysfunction was an independent risk factor of contrast-induced nephropathy which may affect clinical outcomes. However, the influence of renal function on stroke outcomes is still controversial. Thus, we aim to investigate the association between renal function and outcomes of AIS patients receiving MT.

Methods
All consecutive stroke patients receiving MT were included in a prospective stroke registry in China from April 2015 to February 2019. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured on admission and categorized into G1 (≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), G2 (60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2), G3a (45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2) and G3b-5 (≤44 ml/min/1.73 m2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between eGFR and recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale 2b-3), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), death in hospital, death at 3 months and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6 at 3 months).

Results
A total of 373 patients were included in the study. Of them, 130 (34.9%) patients were in the eGFR group G1, 170 (45.6%) in G2, 46 (12.3%) in G3a, 27 (7.2%) in G3b–5. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, reduced eGFR was associated with increased risk of sICH (G3a, p = 0.016) and 3-month death (G3b–5, p = 0.025). However, no significant effects were observed between reduced eGFR and the risk of recanalization rate (p = 0.855), death in hospital (p = 0.970), and poor functional outcome (p = 0.644).

Conclusions
For AIS patients underwent MT, reduced eGFR was associated with increased risk of sICH and 3-month death. However, there were no appreciable effects of reduced eGFR on recanalization rate, death in hospital and 3-month functional outcome.