bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Hungarian Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for Detecting Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Kaszás Beáta, , Fekete Judit, 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The screening of cognitive decline is a mandatory step in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of dementia to begin. In order to achieve this, an easy-to-take, validated neurocognitive test with good specificity and sensitivity are essential in the assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Hungarian version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (version I., ACE)- by comparing it with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)- as a new form of assessment in order to screen for early dementia among the elderly.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: This study is a part of a larger research, conducted among voluntary elderly from the city of Pécs (Hungary) between January 2016 and December 2018.
Methodology: The study refers to 66 patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), 51 patients with major NCD, and 133 healthy participants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (version 5.) criteria were used for the diagnosis of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operator characteristics method.
Results: The optimal cut-off score for the ACE-I for detecting mild NCD was 82, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 96%. The optimal cut-off for the ACE for identifying major NCD was 76 with sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 98%.
Conclusion: We concluded that the Hungarian version of the ACE is an accurate test for the detection of NCD, and could be adopted in various clinical practices.
Pattern of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in HIV Sero Positive Patients in Rivers State Nigeria
Authors: Wele Mary A. Alex- , Onyejepu Nneka , Obunge Orikomaba K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a major worldwide health concern, especially in immune-suppressed persons, with a high mortality rate. The emergence of drug-resistant variants of TB further weighted down by the high HIV prevalence continues to make it difficult to treat this disease. Nigeria is currently listed among the 30 high burden countries for TB, TB/HIV and drug resistant TB (DR-TB). The current study assessed the resistant patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti-TB drugs among individuals with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Rivers State.
Methods: A sample size of 260 HIV sero-positive patients were separated into two groups consisting of 130 patients on anti-TB treatment and 130 individuals yet to commence anti-TB treatment. Sputum samples were collected and processed by line probe assay (GenoType®MTBDRplus by HAIN Lifescience).
Results: The study showed that about 61.5% of the subjects with TB/HIV coinfection were between the ages of 26 and 40 years, with a mean age of 37.2 ± 9.6 years, (102) 64.1% of the subjects had drug susceptible TB, 24 (15%) had INH mono-resistant TB, 17 (10.7%) had RIF mono-resistant TB and 16 (10.1%) had multi-drug resistant TB. There was no significant difference observed in the occurrence of drug resistance between the different sexes. The results also showed that 11.0% of the individuals receiving anti-TB treatment had MDR-TB; INH and RIF mono-resistance were observed in 15.7% and 11.8% of these subjects respectively. Amongst subjects that were yet to receive anti-TB treatment, 6.3% had MDR-TB, 12.5% had INH mono-resistant and 6.3% had RIF mono-resistant TB.
Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that drug-resistant TB appears to be prevalent among persons with TB/HIV coinfection in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Care for Elderly Victims of Violence in Primary Detention
Authors: Ludvig Thaynara , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , Oliveira Neilton Araujo de , Silva Marcos Gontijo da , Nunes Rodrigo Disconzi , Júnior Júlio Cézar Castro de Souza , Gonçalves Caio Willer Brito , Hermández Yuniel Martinez , Araújo Warly Neves de , Alves Rafaela de Carvalho , Mayor Marcela de Souza Sotto , Borges Rafael Vilela 
Published: December 2020

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of care provided to elderly victims of violence, comparing the basic health units (BHU) of the municipality of Gurupi-TO with and without the medical residency program in family and community health.
Study Design: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study from December 2017 to March 2018. Performed in 12 basic health units (BHU) in the municipality of Gurupi-TO, with a total of 21 family health teams, 10 (ten) have the Family Medical Medical Residency Program (FMMRP) and are distributed in six BHU, totaling approximately 210 individuals, divided into 21 teams.
Methodology: Study conducted in 12 BHU, in which health workers responded to the QualiAB assessment and monitoring instrument and the data were tested by the chi-square test to verify if there is a difference in care, considering p≤5% through the EPI INFO 3.2.2 program.
Results: We interviewed 107 health workers who found that of the 16 items analyzed, eight had better levels in BHU with MRPFCM.
Conclusion: The presence of MRPFCM programs contributes and improves the quality of service in basic health units, regarding the care of the elderly victims of violence and, as a public policy, should receive support for its expansion and effective incorporation in basic care to SUS users.
The role of bioactive lipids in attenuating the neuroinflammatory cascade in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Poblete Roy A. , Arenas Marcela , Sanossian Nerses , Freeman William D. , Louie Stan G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Despite this, there are no proven medical therapies in the pharmacologic management of TBI. A better understanding of disease pathophysiology might lead to novel approaches. In one area of increasing interest, bioactive lipids known to attenuate inflammation might serve as an important biomarker and mediator of disease after TBI. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of inflammation following TBI, the actions of endogenous bioactive lipids in attenuating neuroinflammation, and their possible therapeutic role in the management of TBI. In particular, specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) of inflammation represent endogenous compounds that might serve as important biomarkers of disease and potential therapeutic targets. We aim to discuss the current literature from animal models of TBI and limited human experiences that suggest that bioactive lipids and SPMs are mechanistically important to TBI recovery, and by doing so, aim to highlight the need for further clinical and translational research. Early investigations of dietary and parenteral supplementation of pro‐resolving bioactive lipids have been promising. Given the high morbidity and mortality that occurs with TBI, novel approaches are needed.
Fast Response Organic Supramolecular Transistors Utilizing In‐Situ π‐Ion Gels
Authors: Kushida Soh , Smarsly Emanuel , Yoshinaga Kyota , Wacker Irene , Yamamoto Yohei , Schröder Rasmus R. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite their remarkable charge carrier mobility when forming well‐ordered fibers, supramolecular transistors often suffer from poor processability that hinders device integration, resulting in disappointing transconductance and output currents. Here, a new class of supramolecular transistors, π‐ion gel transistors (PIGTs), is presented. An in situ π‐ion gel, which is an unprecedented composite of semiconducting nanofibers and an enclosed ionic liquid, is directly employed as an active material and internal capacitor. In comparison to other supramolecular transistors, a PIGT displays a high transconductance (133 µS) and output current (139 µA at −6 V), while retaining a high charge‐carrier mobility (4.2 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1) and on/off ratio (3.7 × 104). Importantly, the unique device configuration and the high ionic conductivity associated with the distinct nanosegregation enables the fastest response among accumulation‐mode electrochemical‐based transistors (<20 µs). Considering the advantages of the absence of dielectric layers and the facile fabrication process, PIGT has great potential to be utilized in printed flexible devices. The device platform is widely applicable to various supramolecular assemblies, shedding light on the interdisciplinary research of supramolecular chemistry and organic electronics.
Large‐Area Electrochromic Devices on Flexible Polymer Substrates with High Optical Contrast and Enhanced Cycling Stability
Authors: Macher Sven , Schott Marco , Dontigny Martin , Guerfi Abdelbast , Zaghib Karim , Posset Uwe , Löbmann Peer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge‐area electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on a cathodically‐coloring, side chain‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivative and anodically‐coloring Prussian blue (PB) are assembled by a customized sheet‐to‐sheet (S2S) lamination process. The ECDs with two complementary switching “half‐cells”, based on flexible PET‐ITO substrates, offer enhanced optical properties in terms of visible light transmission change (4–53%), contrast ratio (CR = 93.4) and color neutrality (L* = 77.9, a* = −5.9, b* = −0.6) in the bleached state. The cycling stability is monitored for up to 10 000 switching cycles (97% charge retention). The reported optical, electrochemical, and in operando (in situ) spectroelectrochemical data are obtained from small laboratory‐scale ECDs (active area: 5 × 5 cm2). These results, the homogeneity of the large‐area devices and the scalability of the S2S lamination process are confirmed by measurements on the large ECDs with an active area of 45 × 65 cm2. This large‐area electrochromic film technology with high optical contrast and enhanced cycling stability offers an excellent perspective for further development and scale‐up towards pilot production and the commercialization of flexible ECDs upon their unique materials and processing characteristics.
The Synthesis of Pyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Pyridine Sulfinates
Authors: Mungalpara Maulik N. , Plieger Paul G. , Rowlands Gareth J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubstituted planar chiral pyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes were prepared by the palladium‐catalyzed desulfinative cross‐coupling of bromo[2.2]paracyclophanes and pyridine sulfinate salts. Pyridine‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes are useful building blocks in the preparation of catalysts, functionalized materials, and luminescent molecules. Yet the synthesis of many pyridine‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes is more challenging than expected due to the instability of traditional coupling partners. Pyridine sulfinates offer a solution to this shortcoming, permitting pyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes to be prepared from readily available bromo[2.2]paracyclophanes. Our preliminary results indicate the potential of this chemistry. Amine, bromine and ester substituted planar chiral pyridines that are hard to synthesize by other methods were formed but formation of (bis)pyridines is still problematic.magnified image
US Trade Aid Payments and the WTO
Authors: Glauber Joseph W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe trade wars initiated by the Trump Administration in 2018 had an adverse effect on US agriculture. Countertariffs imposed by US trading partners had significant effects on US commodity exports, particularly soybeans, and lowered crop and livestock receipts. To shore up political support from farmers, the Trump administration authorized an estimated total of $28 billion to farmers and ranchers in compensation for export losses. While those payments will help the sector in the short term, the aid payments could well prolong problems for the sector beyond 2020 by exacerbating trade tensions and precipitating future WTO disputes.
The mycorrhizal community of the epiphytic orchid Thrixspermum japonicum is strongly biased toward a single Ceratobasidiaceae fungus, despite a wide range of fungal partners
Authors: Rammitsu Kento , Yukawa Tomohisa , Yamashita Yumi , Isshiki Shiro , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEOrchids depend primarily on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients throughout their life cycle. Epiphytic orchids account for 69% of orchid diversity. The unstable availability of water and nutrients in their arboreal habitats often results in severe water and nutrient stresses. Consequently, mycorrhizal associations may be important for the survival of epiphytic orchids, but our understanding thereof remains limited. Here, we investigated the mycorrhizal community in a single epiphytic orchid species, using more samples than in any previous study.METHODSWe assessed the mycorrhizal communities of Thrixspermum japonicum, one of the most common epiphytic orchids in the temperate region of Japan. In total, 144 individuals were collected from 28 host tree species at 20 sites across 1300 km. The mycorrhizal fungi were identified based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences and assigned operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% sequence similarity.RESULTSWe obtained 24 OTUs; 9 belonged to the Ceratobasidiaceae and 15 to the Tulasnellaceae. These OTUs are widely distributed throughout the phylogenetic trees of the two fungal families. However, a single Ceratobasidiaceae OTU accounted for 49.7% of all fungal sequences and was predominant in samples from 15 host tree species and 12 sites.CONCLUSIONSOur results imply that despite having a broad range of mycorrhizal partners, T. japonicum was predominantly associated with a single fungal taxon at most of the sites among the host‐tree species investigated. These findings contribute to elucidating mycorrhizal symbiosis in epiphytic habitats.
N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion‐Binding Catalysis
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Melania , del Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar María , Piekarski Dariusz G. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective anion‐binding organocatalytic approach with versatile N,N‐dialkylhydrazones (DAHs) as polarity‐reversed (umpolung) nucleophiles is presented. For the application of this concept, a highly ordered hydrogen‐bond (HB) network between a carefully selected CF3‐substituted triazole‐based multidentate HB‐donor catalyst, the ionic substrate and the hydrazone in a supramolecular chiral ion‐pair complex was envisioned. The formation of such a network was further supported by both experimental and computational studies, which showed the crucial role of the anion as a template unit. The asymmetric Reissert‐type reaction of quinolines as a model test reaction chemoselectively delivered highly enantiomerically enriched hydrazones (up 95:5 e.r.) that could be further derivatized to value‐added compounds with up to three stereocenters.
Efficient Amination of Activated and Non‐Activated C(sp3)−H Bonds with a Simple Iron–Phenanthroline Catalyst
Authors: Jarrige Lucie , Zhou Zijun , Hemming Marcel , Meggers Eric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA readily available catalyst consisting of iron dichloride in combination with 1,10‐phenanthroline catalyzes the ring‐closing C−H amination of N‐benzoyloxyurea to form imidazolidin‐2‐ones in high yields. The C−H amination reaction is very general and applicable to benzylic, allylic, propargylic, and completely non‐activated aliphatic C(sp3)−H bonds, and it also works for C(sp2)−H bonds. The surprisingly simple method can be performed under open flask conditions.
Engineered Enzymes Enable Selective N‐Alkylation of Pyrazoles With Simple Haloalkanes
Authors: Bengel Ludwig L. , Aberle Benjamin , Egler‐Kemmerer Alexander‐N. , Kienzle Samuel , Hauer Bernhard , Hammer Stephan C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelective alkylation of pyrazoles could solve a challenge in chemistry and streamline synthesis of important molecules. Here we report catalyst‐controlled pyrazole alkylation by a cyclic two‐enzyme cascade. In this enzymatic system, a promiscuous enzyme uses haloalkanes as precursors to generate non‐natural analogs of the common cosubstrate S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine. A second engineered enzyme transfers the alkyl group in highly selective C−N bond formations to the pyrazole substrate. The cosubstrate is recycled and only used in catalytic amounts. Key is a computational enzyme‐library design tool that converted a promiscuous methyltransferase into a small enzyme family of pyrazole‐alkylating enzymes in one round of mutagenesis and screening. With this enzymatic system, pyrazole alkylation (methylation, ethylation, propylation) was achieved with unprecedented regioselectivity (>99 %), regiodivergence, and in a first example on preparative scale.
Pre‐Planarized Triphenylamine‐Based Linear Mixed‐Valence Charge‐Transfer Systems
Authors: Krug Marcel , Fröhlich Nina , Fehn Dominik , Vogel Alexander , Rominger Frank , Meyer Karsten , Clark Timothy , Kivala Milan , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree linear dimers with two redox‐active planarized triphenylamines were synthesized and their structures verified by X‐ray crystallography. Their radical cations, which exhibit electron self‐exchange between the two redox centers, are of great interest. This process was thoroughly investigated by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and (time‐dependent) density functional theory calculations. A comparison of the key parameters of electron transfer with non‐planarized nitrogen‐centered building blocks emphasizes the impact of using redox centers with low internal reorganization energies. However, the distance‐dependence attenuation factor of the super‐exchange mechanisms remains similar.
Mineralized paper scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wu Xinchen , Walsh Kierra , Suvarnapathaki Sanika , Lantigua Darlin , McCarthy Colleen , Camci‐Unal Gulden 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMineralized polymer scaffolds have proven to be effective biomaterials for inducing osteoinductivity in bone tissue engineering. Sequential mineralization is a promising technique for depositing minerals in three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Paper, which is made of cellulose fibers, can be used as a tissue scaffold due to its highly porous structure and flexibility, as well as its excellent ability to wick fluids and support the growth of bone cells. In this study, paper‐based, mineralized scaffolds were fabricated using sequential mineralization. We conducted experiments with two groups of scaffolds based on different incubation times in the mineralization solutions (30 min and 24 h). Ten cycles of mineralization were performed for each group. We found that the mineral content increased as the cycle number increased and that the 24‐h group scaffolds consistently had more mineralization than did the 30‐min group scaffolds when measured at the same cycle number. A quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed for two osteogenic differentiation markers of the preosteoblasts that were grown on the mineralized paper scaffolds. The gene expression results for bone‐specific markers revealed that the mineralized scaffolds were osteoinductive. Subcutaneous implantation of the scaffolds in rats demonstrated favorable biocompatibility, high vascularization, and non‐immunogenicity in vivo. The overall results suggest that the sequentially mineralized paper scaffolds are promising materials for use in bone tissue engineering.
TAVR prosthesis recoil: Unknowns and implications
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Lamelas Pablo 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
TAVR acute recoil has not been properly assessed with current generation balloon‐expandable prosthesis.
Acute recoil was greater during initial deployment than in postdilatation, in middle stent than inflow or outflow, and in antero‐posterior than lateral axis.
No predictors or clinical implications of acute valvular recoil were detected, calling for further research to better understand this phenomenon.
Effect of concomitant aortic regurgitation on early hypoattenuated leaflet thickening after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Krajcer Zvonimir , Costello Briana 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Identification of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) and subacute leaflet thrombosis has become widely recognized.
Patients with anatomical changes associated with moderate or greater aortic regurgitation (larger sinus of Valsalva and eccentric left ventricular remodeling) appear to have less HALT early postprocedure compared with those without.
Further research on the risk factors including anatomical and hemodynamic variables should further our knowledge of these entities so we can better manage patient both pre and post TAVR.
Towards a standardized classification of cardiogenic shock: Will the new SCAI staging system translate into better clinical practice and research?
Authors: Nicolas Johny , Mehran Roxana 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
The 2019 SCAI shock staging system is a valid risk stratification tool in hemodynamically unstable patients.
Shock stage is a strong predictor of short‐term mortality and its daily re‐assessment may guide the escalation or de‐escalation of therapy.
Additional large‐scale validation studies are needed to confirm the new SCAI shock staging system's validity in clinical practice and research.
Study of blood flow in stenosed artery model using computational fluid dynamics and response surface methodology
Authors: Dwidmuthe Prachi D. , Dastane Gaurav G. , Mathpati Channamallikarjun S. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStenosis is a type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which involves the deposition of plaque on the inner wall of the artery, leading to narrowing of the artery, abnormal blood flow patterns and higher wall shear stresses (WSS), which contributes to high blood pressure, thrombus formation, and other chronic diseases. Chemical engineers can play a vital role in the area of haemodynamics using experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. WSS is affected by different values of severity of stenosis and length of stenosis. Hence there is a need for obtaining a quantitative relationship that can easily allow anyone to study flow dynamics in stenosis by studying WSS. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop such a relationship using CFD simulations and response surface methodology (RSM). The design parameters considered in this study are stenosis severity of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and D/Ls (diameter of artery/length of stenosis) of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. WSS and pressure drop across the stenosis were used as a response to assess the effect of these parameters. Blood flow inside the stenosed artery was modelled using large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the turbulent flow fields in the stenosed artery model. Based on the simulation results, correlation of WSS as a function of severity, length of stenosis, and peak Reynolds number was obtained using RSM.