bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic rasterstereography improves the detection of movement delays and dynamic asymmetries in the scapulothoracic kinematic of healthy subjects
Authors: Freytag Richard Julius , Moss Jonas Wilhelm , Piana Jacquot Filippo Maria , Zapatka Jakob , Herrmann Rebecca , Ragab Mahmoud , Scheidt Sebastian , Cucchi Davide 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeAssessing scapulothoracic kinematics typically involves visually observing patients during movement, which has limited inter‐ and intraobserver reliability. Dynamic rasterstereography (DRS) records, measures and visualizes surface structures in real time, using a curvature map to colour‐code convex, concave and saddle‐shaped structures on the body surface. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DRS‐assisted observation in identifying dyskinetic scapulothoracic patterns.MethodsThirty‐seven healthy participants performed shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension cycles without additional weight, recorded using both DRS and a conventional video camera. A metronome ensured consistent timing, and for DRS a grid of parallel light rays projected onto the back surface was captured using indirect optical measurement techniques. The mean surface curvature was converted into a colour scale. The diagnostic performance of conventional and DRS videos in detecting dyskinetic patterns, including static asymmetries, dynamic asymmetries, motion delays and rapid compensatory movements, were compared. Two investigators independently evaluated the videos twice in a blinded and randomized sequence to assess intra‐ and interrater reproducibility.ResultsAnalysis of 118 videos showed good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility for both techniques (ICCs 0.727–0.949). Movement delays and dynamic asymmetries were observed more frequently when evaluating DRS videos rather than conventional videos (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0016). However, no differences were found in static asymmetry and rapid compensatory movement detection.ConclusionsDRS can create a real‐time model of the trunk surface and allows observers to evaluate the scapular movements with good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility; compared to clinical observation, some specific scapular motion alterations can be observed more frequently.Clinical Trial Registration: Part of the DRKS00022334 trial.Level of EvidenceLevel II, prospective cohort study.
Day Late, Dollar Short: Runts of Asynchronously Hatched Songbird Broods Have Reduced Survival, Body Size, and Persistent Energy Deficits
Authors: Stansberry Keegan R. , Kelly Tosha R. , Couvillion Kaitlin E. , Cannon Allison L. , Kimball Melanie G. , Callegan Hallie B. , Krajcir Kevin J. , Kittilson Jeffrey D. , Heidinger Britt J. , Lattin Christine R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany songbirds begin active incubation after laying their penultimate egg, resulting in synchronous hatching of the clutch except for a last‐hatched individual (“runt”) that hatches with a size deficit and competitive disadvantage to siblings when begging for food. However, climate change may elevate temperatures and cause environmental incubation as eggs are laid, resulting in asynchronous hatching and larger size hierarchies among siblings. Although previous work demonstrated that asynchronous hatching reduces nestling growth and survival relative to synchrony, the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. To test the effects of asynchronous hatching on runt growth, survival, physiology, and compensatory growth‐related tradeoffs, we manipulated incubation temperature in nest boxes of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to increase asynchronous hatching and collected nestling morphological measurements and blood samples to assess physiology and development. Independent of heating treatment, runts from asynchronously hatched nests had lower survival than runts from more synchronous nests. Surviving runts from asynchronous nests were smaller and had reduced stress‐induced corticosterone concentrations and reduced circulating glucose compared with runts from synchronous nests. Despite persistent size and energy deficits, runts from asynchronous nests did not have significant deficits in immunity or telomere length when compared with runts from synchronous nests, suggesting no trade‐off between investment in immune development or telomere maintenance with growth. Overall, these results suggest that increased asynchrony due to climate change could reduce clutch survival for altricial songbirds, especially for the smallest chicks in a clutch, and that the negative effects of asynchrony may be driven by persistent energetic deficits.
Understanding diverse perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict‐reduction tools across southwest Montana ranching communities
Authors: Smith Ada P. , Sundstrom Allegra , Burnham Morey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population rebounds in the western United States, conflicts with humans, including livestock depredation, have also increased. What grizzly bear conflict means, for whom, and what it implies for the viability of conflict‐reduction tools on the ground can vary widely. Multiple perspectives on the causes of—and solutions to—grizzly bear conflict present serious challenges for conservation practice. To better understand perceptions of human conflict with grizzly bears, we used a combination of in‐depth interviews (n = 29) followed by a Q‐sort activity with key stakeholders (n = 21; i.e., ranchers, ranch managers, conservation organization members, agency scientists) in ranching communities in southwest Montana, USA, situated between the 2 largest grizzly bear recovery zones. Stakeholders interpreted conflict with grizzly bears as directly and indirectly connected to broader social changes on the landscape, and these changes influence how they make sense of and act on conflict reduction. Specifically, 3 distinct (but not mutually exclusive) perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict‐reduction tools emerged: 1) that grizzly–livestock conflict is a symptom of the social divide within ranching communities, 2) that conflict can be attributed to governance structures that currently limit the use of potentially effective tools (e.g., hunting, lethal removal), and 3) there are multiple paths for reducing conflict and holistic, ecosystem‐based management is needed. We provide managers with new insights on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict reduction, and hope this work helps increase collaboration among ranchers, managers, and other stakeholders engaged in this complex social and ecological challenge.
Non‐Isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of Hafnium and Zirconyl Hydrogentellurates
Authors: Rusev Georgi , Georgieva Velyana , Genieva Svetlana , Tankov Ivaylo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe thermal characteristics of zirconyl and hafnium hydrogentellurates, ZrO(HTeO4)2 × 4H2O (ZrOTe) and Hf(HTeO4)4 × 8H2O (HfTe), were investigated via non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics in this paper for the first time. Important kinetic parameters such as activation energy (EA), pre‐exponential factor (A) and g(α) function were determined using Coats‐Redfern integral method. The latter was verified by means of z(α) master plots. In addition, plausible decomposition mechanisms for the title compounds were offered. Based on the EA values, less thermal stability for ZrOTe (633.69 kJ/mol) with respect to HfTe (872.24 kJ/mol) was observed. Thermodynamic functions (ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠) of the activated complexes generated during the thermal decomposition steps were studied as well. A high positive ΔH≠ value (855.70 kJ/mol) for the thermal decomposition of HfTe indicated formation of high‐ordered activated complexes. In contrast, lower ΔH≠ (612.50 kJ/mol) for ZrOTe suggested easier formation the transition states in that case.
Interpolation of derivatives and ultradifferentiable regularity
Authors: Rainer Armin , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterpolation inequalities for functions allow to bound derivatives of intermediate order by bounds for the derivatives of order 0 and . We review various interpolation inequalities for ‐norms () in arbitrary finite dimensions. They allow us to study ultradifferentiable regularity by lacunary estimates in a comprehensive way, striving for minimal assumptions on the weights.
New Polymeric Acceptors Based on Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] Difuran Moiety for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Feng Fan , Liu Tong , Wang Xiaoning , Yan Xintong , Du Zhengkun , Yang Chunming , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to realize high‐performance bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) all‐polymer solar cells, achieving appropriate aggregation and moderate miscibility of the polymer blends is one critical factor. Herein, this study designs and synthesizes two new polymer acceptors (PAs), namely PYF and PYF‐Cl, containing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] difuran (BDF) moiety with/without chlorine atoms on the thiophene side groups. Thanks to the preferred planar structure and high electronegativity of the BDF units, the resultant PAs generate strong intermolecular interactions and π‐π stacking in both the neat and blend films. At the same time, the BDF moieties flanked with bulky 2D side groups increase intermolecular space and restrain the excessive entanglement of polymer chains for developed heterojunction miscibility attributes. Consequently, appropriate polymer crystallinity and moderate miscibility between PAs and polymer donor (PD) contribute to harmonious blending morphologies. Eventually, the PM6:PYF‐based solar cells achieve an optimal efficiency of 11.82%. More encouragingly, the PYF serves as an efficient guest acceptor and realizes an improved efficiency of 17.05% in the PM6:PYIT:PYF ternary systems, which is much higher than that of the host system (15.87%). This study highlights the importance of BDF moiety in designing new PAs for high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells.
M2 Macrophage‐Derived Exosomal circ_0088494 Inhibits Ferroptosis via Promoting H3K4me1 Modification of STEAP3 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Jun , Pei Zhigang , Wu Chunrong , Liu Jie , Huang Jianxiang , Xia Rui , Xiang Debing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of cutaneous cancer globally. M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes (M2 exosomes) facilitate the development of cancer. Ferroptosis, a newly uncovered form of cell death, is linked to cancer progression. The present research planned to study the function and potential mechanism of M2 exosomes on ferroptosis in cSCC. Patients with cSCC were recruited to gather adjacent noncancerous specimens and cSCC tissues. Mononuclear macrophage (THP‐1) cells were differentiated into M2 macrophages before exosome extraction, and then the exosomes were added into cSCC cells (A431 and SCL‐1). Erastin was applied to induce ferroptosis. Cell viability, mitochondrial superoxide, lipid‐ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron level were detected to validate ferroptosis in cSCC cells. Proteins and RNAs were tested by applying western blot and RT‐qPCR. The combination between molecules was validated by ChIP and RIP. Six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) was elevated in cSCC specimens, which correlated to reduced ferroptosis. cSCC tissues presented an increase in the number of M2 macrophages. Erastin‐elicited ferroptosis was repressed by M2 macrophages, while exosome inhibitor GW4869 neutralized the outcome of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, M2 exosomes repressed ferroptosis of cSCC cells via circ_0088494, which might be related to the upregulation of STEAP3. M2 exosomes‐derived circ_0088494 promoted histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) modification of STEAP3 by recruiting histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D). The effect of circ_0088494‐silenced M2 exosomes on ferroptosis was antagonized by STEAP3 overexpression. M2 exosomes‐derived circ_0088494 recruited KMT2D to promote H3K4me1 modification of STEAP3, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in cSCC. This study might provide a novel target for cSCC treatment.
Strengthened Through Collaborations: Convergence of Interfirm and Intrafirm Knowledge Exchange for Improving Informal Economy SMEs' Sustainability Performance
Authors: Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Oyewo Obaloluwa Obed , Falana Ranti , Okoro Edwin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe role of knowledge exchange (KE) between and across firms has been widely studied. However, KE dimensions that reflect a sequence of interfirm and intrafirm KE among SMEs in emerging economies remain scantily examined in the literature. We fill this gap by investigating the direct and direct effects of KE dimensions on the SMEs sustainable performance (SP). Our analysis of 264 SME owner/owner‐managers, using the PLS‐SEM, showed that although there is no direct relationship between knowledge exchange from business collaboration (KEBC) and knowledge exchange during training (KET), KEBC and KET impact on the SP dimensions. Also, KET mediates the relationship between KEBC and SP. Our study arises among the few investigations that have given credence to developing economy informal SMEs' role in the sustainability discourse.
Comparison of Radionuclide Drug Conjugates With Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: An Overview of Targeted Charged Particle Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Coghi Paolo , Ren Zimo , Hosmane Narayan S. , Zhu Yinghuai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTargeted charged alpha‐ and beta‐particle therapies are currently being used in clinical radiation treatments as newly developed methods for either killing or controlling tumor cell growth. The alpha particles can be generated either through a nuclear decay reaction or in situ by a nuclear fission reaction such as the boron neutron capture reaction. Different strategies have been employed to improve the selectivity and delivery of radiation dose to tumor cells based on the source of the clinically used alpha particles. As a result, the side effects of the treatment can be minimized. The increasing attention and research efforts on targeted alpha‐particle therapy have been fueled by exciting results of both academic research and clinical trials. It is highly anticipated that alpha‐particle therapy will improve the efficacy of treating malignant tumors. In this overview, we compare radionuclide drug conjugates (RDC) with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) to present recent developments in targeted alpha‐particle therapy.
Advances in the Delivery, Activation and Therapeutics Applications of Bioorthogonal Prodrugs
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Sun Yuanjun , Pang Jing , Long Ya‐Qiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional prodrug strategies have been leveraged to overcome many inherent drawbacks of active native drugs in the drug research and development. However, endogenous stimuli such as specific microenvironment or enzymes are relied on to achieve the prodrug activation, resulting in unintended drug release and systemic toxicity. Alternatively, bioorthogonal cleavage reaction‐enabled bioorthogonal prodrugs activation via exogenous triggers has emerged as a valuable approach, featuring spatiotemporally controlled drug release. Such bioorthogonal prodrug strategies would ensure targeted drug delivery and/or in situ generation, further circumventing systemic toxicity or premature elimination of active drugs. In recent years, metal‐free bioorthogonal cleavage reactions with fast kinetics have boomed in the bioorthogonal prodrug design. Meanwhile, transition‐metal‐catalyzed and photocatalytic deprotection reactions have also been developed to trigger prodrug activation in biological systems. Besides traditional small molecule prodrugs, gasotransmitters have been successfully delivered to specific organelles or cells via bioorthogonal reactions, and nanosystems have been devised into bioorthogonal triggers as well. Herein, we present an overview of the latest advances in these bioorthogonally‐uncaged prodrugs, focused on the delivery, activation and therapeutics applications.
Predicting the glass transition temperature of polymer based on generative adversarial networks and automated machine learning
Authors: Liu Zhanjie , Huo Yixuan , Chen Qionghai , Zhan Siqi , Li Qian , Zhao Qingsong , Cui Lihong , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolution styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) finds wide applications in high performance tire design and various other fields. This study aims to create a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model linking SSBR's glass transition temperature (Tg) to its structural properties. A dataset of 68 sets of data from published literature was compiled to develop a predictive machine learning model for SSBR's structural design and synthesis using small sample sizes. To tackle small sample sizes, a framework combining generative adversarial networks (GAN) and the Tree‐based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT) is proposed. GAN is first used to generate additional samples that mirror the original dataset's distribution, expanding the dataset. The TPOT is then applied to automatically find the best model and parameter combinations, creating an optimal predictive model for the mixed dataset. Experimental results show that using GAN to enlarge the dataset and TPOT regression models significantly enhances model performance, increasing the R2 value from 0.745 to 0.985 and decreasing the RMSE from 7.676 to 1.569. The proposed GAN–TPOT framework demonstrates the potential of combining generative models with automated machine learning to improve materials science research. This combination accelerates research and development processes, enhances prediction and design accuracy, and introduces new perspectives and possibilities for the field.
Serum Lipidomic Signatures Mediate the Association Between Coarse Grain Preference and Central Obesity in Adults With Normal Weight and High Wheat Intake
Authors: Xu Kun , Zhang Binyan , He Yifei , Wang Yutong , Liu Yezhou , Shi Guoshuai , Shen Yuan , Chen Fangyao , Mi Baibing , Shi Lin , Zeng Lingxia , Liu Xin , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the association between grain preference and abdominal fat accumulation, and mediating roles of circulating lipidomic signatures. We quantified 1245 circulating lipids in 150 normal‐weight central obesity (NWCO) cases and 150 controls using targeted lipidomics. Grain preference was determined by the highest intake frequency of grains (white rice, wheat, or coarse grain). In our participants with high wheat intake frequency, preferring coarse grain over rice was associated with a 60% lower risk of NWCO. Of the 585 lipids showing opposing associations with white rice and coarse grains, 46 were significantly linked to either (p < 0.05), predominantly alkylacyl phospholipids (PE‐Os; n = 9) and alkenylacylphospholipids (PE‐Ps; n = 7). Network analysis identified a module primarily composed of PE‐Os and PE‐Ps, which was positively associated with coarse grain (p = 0.014). Another module, mainly consisting of triacylglycerols (TGs), was associated with white rice (p = 0.003) and mediated the association between white rice (mediation proportion: 20.30%; p = 0.027) or coarse grain preference (11.43%; p = 0.040) and NWCO. Specific lipids, such as TG(8:0_16:0_16:0) and TG(8:0_14:0_18:0), exhibited notable mediation effects. In normal‐weight individuals with high wheat intake frequency, preferring coarse grain was inversely associated with NWCO, mediated by specific lipidomic signatures.
Wolfberry Honey and Its Extract Alleviate Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Yuan Jie , Wu Qian , Guo Yuyang , Tang Yujing , Gao Shuangshuang , Li Ting , Xuan Hongzhuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by gut inflammation causing persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Despite the nutritional benefits of wolfberry honey (from Lycium barbarum L.), its potential to alleviate IBD remains underexplored. This study evaluated the protective effects of wolfberry honey and its extract (wolfberry honey extract [WHE]) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) using in vivo and in vitro models. Mice pretreated with wolfberry honey showed significant symptom improvement in DSS‐induced UC, linked to reduced expression of proinflammatory markers (Il‐1β, Il‐6, Tnf‐α, and Mcp‐1) and increased antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod2). Increased Occludin levels indicated improved intestinal barrier function. In vitro, WHE protected DSS‐treated Caco‐2 cells by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling. It enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes and tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin, and Claudin‐1). Metabolomic analysis revealed that WHE modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, increasing phosphatidylcholine and choline levels and decreasing lysophosphatidylcholine levels. These results highlight the potential of wolfberry honey and its extract as nutraceuticals for managing UC through their effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Further research is warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action and assess their long‐term therapeutic benefits in IBD management.
Parameters Governing Void Formation and Expansion of Hollow Natural Rubber Latex Particles for Their Use as Bio‐based Nanocapsules
Authors: Promlok Duangkamol , Suteewong Teeraporn , Polpanich Duangporn , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reports the hollow latex (HL) particles developed from natural rubber latex particles (NRPs), known for their broad size distribution and non‐spherical shape. HL‐NRPs, prepared via the seeded emulsion polymerization in one pot, are studied as potential bio‐based nanocapsules for the first time. Effects of types of crosslinking agents and swelling agents, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and monomer compositions on the void formation and expansion are systematically investigated. The combined effects of phase separation between NR core swelled with divinyl benzene (DVB) and hydrophilic poly(methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid) P(MMA/AA) shell, the entanglement of rubber chains copolymerized with MMA/DVB/AA monomers, and the osmosis from external aqueous medium promoted the void formation. While crosslinking agents affected the void formation and shell strength, SDS and type of monomers governed colloidal stability and polymerization loci as well as morphology, respectively. The ability of HL‐NRPs as nanocapsules is explored by encapsulating fluorescent dyes, i.e., hydrophilic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lipophilic Nile red (NiR), as model cargo. From the dye release test after 24 h, the cumulative concentrations of FITC in methanol and of NiR in tetrahydrofuran are 0.17 and 0.11 µg mL−1, respectively. The results suggested that FITC is released from HL‐NRPs easier than NiR possibly due to the different encapsulation location.