bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐induced crystal axis spiral rotation in multiferroic β'‐Gd2(MoO4)3 observed only in glass crystallization
Authors: Komatsu Takayuki , Honma Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStress‐induced crystal axis spiral rotation in multiferroic β'‐Gd2(MoO4)3 crystals observed only in the crystallization of Gd2O3‐MoO3‐B2O3 glasses is a new world of glass‐crystallization being beyond the usual crystal growth engineering. The self‐powdering phenomenon in crystals synthesized in an electric furnace and the appearance of periodic birefringence images observed in laser‐patterned single crystal lines are reviewed together with some new data. Extremely large stresses are created at the interface between super‐cooled liquids and crystals due to the density difference between glasses/liquids with larger density and crystals with smaller density, and the crystal axis spiral rotation is induced in β'‐Gd2(MoO4)3 crystals in order to relax and release stresses at the interface. The structural origin of the density difference between glasses and crystals is discussed, and the uniqueness of the crystallization of Gd2O3‐MoO3‐B2O3 glasses is emphasized. The possibility of the synthesis of dense bulk glass‐ceramics with β'‐Gd2(MoO4)3 crystals is tried using a slow melt‐cooling processing.
HLA class II eplet mismatch load improves prediction of dnDSA development after living donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Tafulo Sandra , Malheiro Jorge , Santos Sofia , Dias Leonídio , Almeida Manuela , Martins La Salete , Pedroso Sofia , Mendes Cecília , Lobato Luísa , Castro‐Henriques António 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHLA donor‐specific antibodies developed de novo after transplant remain a major cause of chronic allograft dysfunction. Our study main purpose was to determine whether HLA MM, assessed traditionally and by HLA total and AbVer eplet mismatch load (EptMM and EpvMM) assessed with HLAMatchMaker, had impact on dnDSA development after living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 96 LDKT between 2008 and 2017 performed in Hospital Santo António. Seven patients developed dnDSA‐II and EpvMM and EptMM were greater in dnDSA‐II group compared to the no dnDSA‐II (18.0 ± 8.7 versus 9.9 ± 7.9, p = .041 and 41.3 ± 18.9 versus 23.1 ± 16.7, p = .018), which is not observed for AgMM (2.29 versus 1.56; p = .09). In a multivariate analysis, we found that preformed DSA (HR = 7.983; p = .023), living unrelated donors (HR = 8.052; p = .024) and retransplantation (HR = 14.393; p = .009) were predictors for dnDSA‐II (AUC = 0.801; 0.622–0.981). HLA‐II EpvMM (HR = 1.105; p = .028; AUC = 0.856) showed to be a superior predictor of dnDSA‐II, when compared to AgMM (HR = 1.740; p = .113; AUC = 0.783), when adjusted for these clinical variables. Graft survival was significantly lower within dnDSA‐II patient group (36% versus 88%, p < .001). HLA molecular mismatch analysis is extremely important to minimize risk for HLA‐II dnDSA development improving outcome and increasing chance of retransplant lowering allosensitization.
Who Is Responsible for Killer Robots? Autonomous Weapons, Group Agency, and the Military‐Industrial Complex
Authors: Taylor Isaac 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere has recently been increasing interest in the possibility and ethics of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), which would combine sophisticated AI with machinery capable of deadly force. One objection to LAWS is that their use will create a troubling responsibility gap, where no human agent can properly be held accountable for the outcomes that they create. While some authors have attempted to show that individual agents can, in fact, be responsible for the behaviour of LAWS in various circumstances, this will not be possible in all cases. This article argues, however, that by assigning responsibilities to group agents operating within the military‐industrial complex, as well as the military‐industrial complex as a whole, we may be able to close the responsibility gap, or at least reduce its costs. Insofar as the potential for responsibility gaps poses an ethical barrier to the development and deployment of LAWS, this argument, if sound, may show their use to be morally permissible in a greater range of cases.
MiR‐223‐3p inhibits rTp17‐induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by targeting NLRP3
Authors: Long Fu‐quan , Kou Cai‐xia , Li Ke , Wu Juan , Wang Qian‐qiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe incidence of syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum (T pallidum) infection is accompanied by inflammatory injuries of vascular endothelial cells. Studies have revealed that T pallidum infection could induce inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages. MicroRNA‐223‐3p (miR‐223‐3p) was reported to be a negative regulator in inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to explore whether miR‐223‐3p regulates T pallidum‐induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, and determine the mechanisms which underlie this process. MiR‐223‐3p levels in syphilis and control samples were determined. The biological function of miR‐223‐3p in the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis was evaluated in T pallidum‐infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We observed a dramatic decrease in miR‐223‐3p levels in syphilis patients (n = 20) when compared to healthy controls (n = 20). Moreover, miR‐223‐3p showed a notable inhibitory effect on recombinant Tp17 (rTP17)‐induced caspase‐1 activation, resulting in decrease in IL‐1β production and pyroptosis, which was accompanied by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in HUVECs. Additionally, the dual‐luciferase assay confirmed that NLRP3 is a direct target of miR‐223‐3p. Moreover, NLRP3 overexpression or knockdown largely blocked the effects of miR‐223‐3p on T pallidum‐induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in HUVECs. Most importantly, a notable negative correlation was observed between miR‐223‐3p and NLRP3, caspase‐1, and IL‐1β, respectively, in the serum of syphilis patients and healthy controls. Taken together, our results reveal that miR‐223‐3p targets NLRP3 to suppress inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in T pallidum‐infected endothelial cells, implying that miR‐223‐3p could be a potential target for syphilis patients.
Identification of tea white star disease and anthrax based on hyperspectral image information
Authors: Lu Bing , Jun Sun , Ning Yang , Xiaohong Wu , Xin Zhou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperspectral images were used to identify the two similar diseases of tea white star disease and anthrax in this research. The average spectra of healthy leaves, white star disease, and anthrax leaves were collected, respectively. It was found that the average spectrum of white star disease and anthrax had strong morphological correlation and poor classification results. Then, the mask technology was used to segment the diseased region of leaves in order to get the best region of interest. After that, the average spectral separability of diseased region was significantly improved. Finally, through the comparison of the classification results between support vector machine and extreme learning machine (ELM), it was found that the ELM model based on neural network structure got the best identification results, and its classification accuracy reached 95.77%. This study provides a new method to identify similar diseases of leaf plants.Practical ApplicationsThere is a certain similarity in disease characteristics between white star disease and anthracnose disease of tea. The similarity leads to a low accuracy in the classification and identification of diseases using hyperspectral technology. In order to solve this problem, this research proposed a spectrum extraction method based on the region of interest of the spots region. The experimental results showed that the average spectrum obtained from the leaf spots region could significantly improve the characterization of tea white star disease and anthrax, and the classification accuracy of the prediction model was significantly improved. This study provides a theoretical reference for the identification of tea similar diseases.
Comparison of uniaxial and triaxial accelerometer outputs among individuals with and without Down syndrome
Authors: Leung W. , Schuna J. M. , Yun J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing uniaxial accelerometry approach in measuring physical activity levels of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) might underestimate their energy expenditure due to the unique mediolateral walking pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the relationship between two types of accelerometer outputs, uniaxial and triaxial, and energy expenditure in individuals with and without DS.MethodsEighteen participants with DS and 19 participants without DS wore a GT3X+ accelerometer and a portable metabolic system in three different walking conditions.ResultsCorrelations between
and each of the two accelerometer outputs (uniaxial: r = 0.75, triaxial: r = 0.75) were not significantly different among individuals without DS (z = 0.14, P = 0.89); however, significant differences in the relationship between
and accelerometer outputs (uniaxial: r = 0.53, triaxial: r = 0.64) were observed among individuals with DS (z = −1.72, P < 0.046).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that when using accelerometers to measure physical activity levels for individuals with DS, triaxial outputs may better predict physical activity levels.
Preliminary evidence for an association between intake of high‐fat high‐sugar diet, variations in peripheral dopamine precursor availability and dopamine‐dependent cognition in humans
Authors: Hartmann Hendrik , Pauli Larissa K. , Janssen Lieneke K. , Huhn Sebastian , Ceglarek Uta , Horstmann Annette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObesity is associated with alterations in dopaminergic transmission and cognitive function. Rodent studies suggest that diets rich in saturated fat and refined sugars (HFS), as opposed to diets diets low in saturated fat and refined sugars (LFS), change the dopamine system independent of excessive body weight. However, the impact of HFS on the human brain has not been investigated. Here, we compared the effect of dietary dopamine depletion on dopamine‐dependent cognitive task performance between two groups differing in habitual intake of dietary fat and sugar. Specifically, we used a double‐blind within‐subject cross‐over design to compare the effect of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion on a reinforcement learning and a working memory task, in two groups that are on opposite ends of the spectrum of self‐reported HFS intake (low vs high intake: LFS vs HFS group). We tested 31 healthy young women matched for body mass index (mostly normal weight to overweight) and IQ. Depletion of peripheral precursors of dopamine reduced the working memory specific performance on the operation span task in the LFS, but not in the HFS group (P = 0.016). Learning from positive‐ and negative‐reinforcement (probabilistic selection task) was increased in both diet groups after dopamine depletion (P = 0.049). As a secondary exploratory research question, we measured peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP) at baseline as an estimate for central dopamine levels. The HFS group had a significantly higher pDAP at baseline compared to the LFS group (P = 0.025). Our data provide the first evidence indicating that the intake of HFS is associated with changes in dopamine precursor availability, which is suggestive of changes in central dopamine levels in humans. The observed associations are present in a sample of normal to overweight participants (ie, in the absence of obesity), suggesting that the consumption of a HFS might already be associated with altered behaviours. Alternatively, the effects of HFS diet and obesity might be independent.
The spatial distribution of focal stacks within the inner enamel layer of mandibular mouse incisors
Authors: Smith Charles E. , Hu Yuanyuan , Strauss Mike , Hu Jan C.‐C. , Simmer James P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFocal stacks are an alternative spatial arrangement of enamel rods within the inner enamel of mandibular mouse incisors where short rows comprised of 2–45 enamel rods are nestled at the side of much longer rows, both sharing the same rod tilt directed mesially or laterally. The significance of focal stacks to enamel function is unknown, but their high frequency in transverse sections (30% of all rows) suggests that they serve some purpose beyond representing an oddity of enamel development. In this study, we characterized the spatial distribution of focal stacks in random transverse sections relative to different regions of the inner enamel and to different locations across enamel thickness. The curving dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) in transverse sections complicated spatial distribution analyses, and a technique was developed to “unbend” the curving DEJ allowing for more linear quantitative analyses to be carried out. The data indicated that on average there were 36 ± 7 focal stacks located variably within the inner enamel in any given transverse section. Consistent with area distributions, focal stacks were four times more frequent in the lateral region (53%) and twice as frequent in the mesial region (33%) compared to the central region (14%). Focal stacks were equally split by tilt (52% mesial vs. 48% lateral, not significant), but those having a mesial tilt were more frequently encountered in the lateral and central regions (2:1) and those having a lateral tilt were more numerous in the mesial region (1:3). Focal stacks having a mesial tilt were longer on average compared to those having a lateral tilt (7.5 ± 5.6 vs. 5.9 ± 4.0 rods per row, p < 0.01). There was no relationship between the length of a focal stack and its location within the inner enamel. All results were consistent with the notion that focal stacks travel from the DEJ to the outer enamel the same as the longer and decussating companion rows to which they are paired. The spatial distribution of focal stacks within the inner enamel was not spatially random but best fit a null model based on a heterogenous Poisson point process dependent on regional location within the transverse plane of the enamel layer.
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at 2‐week post‐partum may reflect those at 4‐week post‐partum: A single‐center retrospective observational study
Authors: Matsuoka Hideki , Iwami Shuichiro , Maeda Marisa , Suizu Ai , Fujii Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMost Japanese institutions screen for post‐partum depression (PPD) using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at outpatient visits conducted at 2‐ and 4‐week post‐partum, but there are no published data on the usefulness of EPDS scores 2‐week post‐partum. In the present study, relationships between 2‐week post‐partum EPDS scores and 4‐week post‐partum EPDS scores were investigated to determine whether 2‐week scores may facilitate early intervention in high‐risk mothers.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 451 deliveries from 2017 to 2019 was conducted at a single institution. EPDS scores were obtained using the Japanese EPDS 2‐ and 4‐week post‐partum, in conjunction with other perinatal data from medical records.ResultsIn total, 334 of 451 mothers (74.1%) completed the EPDS at both 2‐ and 4‐week post‐partum and were included in the analysis. Of 48 who had higher scores 2‐week post‐partum, 21 (43.8%) continued to be at high risk of PPD. Of 284 who had lower scores 2‐week post‐partum, 9 (3.2%) transitioned to scores indicating high risk. Women considered high‐risk 4‐week post‐partum tended to have exhibited higher scores 2‐week post‐partum. Women who had experienced more deliveries tended to exhibit lower scores, and psychiatric illness was strongly associated with higher EPDS scores (odds ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 3.7–33.8, P < 0.01).ConclusionTwo‐week EPDS scores closely reflected 4‐week scores, and may facilitate early intervention to prevent PPD. Primiparous mothers and those with a history of psychiatric illness should be followed‐up closely.
Impact of hydroxychloroquine on the gestational outcomes of pregnant women with immune system problems that necessitate the use of the drug
Authors: Beksac Mehmet Sinan , Donmez Hanife Guler 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with immune system disorders that necessitate the use of the drug.MethodsThis cohort consisted of 202 pregnancies with poor obstetric history and immune system problems. Patients enrolled in special antenatal care program were administered low‐dose low‐molecular‐weight heparin, low‐dose salicylic acid and low‐dose corticosteroid (prophylaxis protocol) as soon as their pregnancies were confirmed. Pregnancies with systemic lupus erythematosis, Sjogren syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis were additionally administered HCQ 200 mg daily as a part of their routine treatment. Pregnancies using HCQ were included in the study group (n = 39) while the remainders were included in control group (n = 163). We compared the groups in terms of the presence of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction (FGR), preeclampsia and preterm birth, as well as gestational week at birth, birthweight and “APGAR score of <7” at 10th minute.ResultsMiscarriage rates were 28.2% and 28.2% while preterm birth rates were 16.6% and 28.2% in the control and study groups, respectively (P = 0.215). Preeclampsia and HCQ‐related side effects were not detected in the groups. There were also no significant differences between the groups in terms of FGR, gestational day at birth, birthweight and the presence of “APGAR score <7” at 10th minute (P = 0.462, P = 0.064, P = 0.273 and P = 0.627, respectively).ConclusionLow‐dose low‐molecular‐weight heparin, low‐dose salicylic acid and low‐dose corticosteroid prophylaxis together with HCQ seem to be promising in pregnancies with immune system disorders. HCQ seems to be a safe and effective drug in low dosages.
Diagnosis and management of paediatric Clostridioides difficile infection in a tertiary centre: A prospective audit
Authors: Gates Victoria , Best Emma , Roberts Sally , Swager Terri , Voss Lesley 
Published: November 2020

AimThe optimisation of diagnosis and management of paediatric Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) has importance on multiple levels, from individual patient to population disease management and infection control. This study aimed to evaluate current practice at a paediatric tertiary hospital against Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases 2016 guidelines.MethodsProspective audit was undertaken. All positive C. difficile tests (by two step immunoassay then polymerase chain reaction) over 6 month period were reviewed for appropriateness of testing, including review of clinical characteristics and treatment of appropriately requested positive tests (CDI cases). Consecutive test requests for C. difficile over 2 month period were reviewed for appropriateness of testing.ResultsOf 70 consecutive test requests, 64 met laboratory criteria for processing. Of these, 31 (48%) out of 64 were asymptomatic or had clinically insignificant or laxative‐associated diarrhoea. Overall, 44 (63%) out of 70 were deemed inappropriate requests. Of 45 positive tests, 17 (38%) were appropriately requested. Amongst inappropriate requests, 13 (46%) out of 28 were treated; those aged >2 years were significantly more likely to be treated (P < 0.05). Thirteen children were treated unnecessarily. Only one out of seven positive tests in infants (<1 year) was appropriately requested. Haematology/oncology patients accounted for 41% of cases. Treatment was in accordance with guidelines in 58% of cases.ConclusionsInappropriate testing for C. difficile and variable clinical response to positive tests have sequelae including unnecessary antibiotics for hospitalised children. Areas for improvement have been identified and this study confirms the need for establishment of national paediatric CDI guidelines with increased awareness of these by clinicians.
Factors related to passing the safety fast test among neonates with hypoglycaemia in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Olowoyeye Abiola , Eisenberg Ruth , Kim Mimi , Havranek Tomas 
Published: November 2020

AimTo investigate the success rates and predictors of safety fast test among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for hypoglycaemia.MethodsA retrospective review of neonates transferred from the newborn nursery unit to the neonatal intensive care unit for intravenous dextrose therapy for hypoglycaemia from January 2016 to June 2019. Neonatal clinical and demographic variables were abstracted from the medical records. A successful safety fast test was defined by blood glucose >60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) at 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after a feed.ResultsOf the 76 neonates who had a safety fast test, 80% passed on their first attempt. Neonates who passed the safety fast test were less likely to be premature/small for gestational age (54.1% vs. 92.9%, P = 0.03), required less maximum glucose infusion rate (median 6 vs. 7 mg/kg/min; P = 0.04), and were younger at fasting challenge (median 5 vs. 9 days; P = 0.02), required lower overall intravenous glucose load (median 12 vs. 24 g/kg; P = 0.006).ConclusionSafety fast test may be a useful tool evaluating discharge readiness of neonates with persistent hypoglycaemia.
A systematic study of North American Angelica species (Apiaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA sequences and fruit morphology
Authors: Liao Chen‐Yang , Gao Qing , Katz‐Downie Deborah S. , Downie Stephen R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Angelica is a taxonomically complex genus widespread throughout the North Temperate Zone. Previous phylogenetic studies of the genus have focused primarily on its East Asian species. The relationships among its North American members, the monophyly of these species, and the value of fruit morphology in circumscribing its taxa have yet to be examined. This study represents the most comprehensive sampling of Angelica to date (100 species) and includes all 26 species in North America. Relationships are inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of ITS sequences and, for multiple accessions of each North American species, cpDNA ndhF‐rpl32, rpl32‐trnL, and psbM‐psbD sequences. The fruit morphological characters examined were those considered phylogenetically important in East Asian Angelica. The results revealed that the North American species fell into three major clades: North American Angelica clade, Archangelica clade, and the Eurasian Angelica clade. Angelica dawsonii has affinities with Lomatium brandegeei. Fourteen species within the North American Angelica clade were strongly supported as monophyletic. Two paraphyletic species resulted in new combinations in A. lineariloba and A. venenosa. Conflict between the ITS‐derived and cpDNA‐derived phylogenies and the lack of resolution in portions of the trees may be due to chloroplast capture and rapid species radiation. Fruit morphology supported some interspecific relationships based on molecular data, and relationships revealed by ITS and cpDNA data were roughly in accordance with fruit classification type and geographic distribution region, respectively. A diagnostic key based on fruit morphology is provided for the identification of the North American Angelica taxa.