bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Treatment Courses, and Distribution of Cytomegalovirus Genotypes among Thrombocytopenia Patients Aged Younger than 12 Months
Authors: Hu Hongbo , Cheng Ying , Peng Qiaoying , Chen Kun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated thrombocytopenia in infants aged younger than 12 months and to investigate the possible relationship between genotypes of glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein H (gH) and CMV-associated thrombocytopenia.
Study Design Infants with positive identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and thrombocytopenia, being treated at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were included. Genotype of gB and gH analysis were done by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and restrictions length polymorphism.
Results The prevalence of CMV congenital, perinatal, and postnatal infection were 1.4% (76/5428), 29.1% (378/1301), and 41.8% (243/581), respectively. A total of 29 immunocompetent patients with CMV-associated thrombocytopenia were analyzed, including 7 (9.2%, 7/76) congenital infections, 14 (3.7%, 14/378) perinatal infections, and 8 (3.3%, 8/243) postnatal infections. Platelet count at diagnosis <20 × 109/L was the common hematologic finding of CMV-associated thrombocytopenia in perinatal infection (1/7 congenital infection vs. 10/14 perinatal infection vs. 3/8 postnatal infection, Chi-square (χ2) = 6.616, p = 0.037). Notably, significantly higher frequency of hepatobiliary symptoms was found in congenital and perinatal infections groups (4/7 congenital infection vs. 10/14 perinatal infection vs. 1/8 postnatal infection, χ2 = 7.188, p = 0.027). Intravenous immunoglobulin was prescribed for 24 (82.8%, 24/29) patients, and antiviral agents were prescribed for 9 (31.0%, 9/29) patients. The most prevalent genotypes of CMV in the study were gB1 (60.7%, 17/28) and gH2 (57.1%, 16/28).
Conclusion There was a substantial percentage of symptomatic CMV infection in patients aged younger than 12 months. Thrombocytopenia is one of the common clinical manifestations in congenital CMV infection. The gB1 genotype had more virulence in infants with acquired CMV infection. There might be an association between gH2 genotype of CMV and CMV-associated thrombocytopenia.
Noninvasive Tests in the Assessment of NASH and NAFLD Fibrosis: Now and Into the Future
Authors: Adams Leon A. , Chan Wah-Kheong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoninvasive serum and imaging methods offer accessible, accurate, and safe assessment of fibrosis severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In contrast, current serum and imaging methods for the prediction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are not sufficiently accurate for routine clinical use. Serum fibrosis markers that incorporate direct measures of fibrogenesis (for example, hyaluronic acid) or fibrinolysis are generally more accurate than biomarkers not incorporating direct measures of fibrogenesis. Elastography methods are more accurate than serum markers for fibrosis assessment and particularly for the determination of cirrhosis, but have a significant failure and/or unreliability rate in obese individuals. To overcome this, combining serum and elastography methods in a sequential manner minimizes indeterminate results and maintains accuracy. The accuracy of current noninvasive methods for monitoring fibrosis response to treatment are limited; however, new tools derived from “omic” methodologies offer promise for the future.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Promoting Kinases
Authors: Ibrahim Samar H. , Hirsova Petra , Malhi Harmeet , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic hepatitis (NASH) is the progressive inflammatory form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the mechanisms of hepatic inflammation in NASH remain incompletely understood, emerging literature implicates the proinflammatory environment created by toxic lipid-induced hepatocyte injury, termed lipotoxicity. Interestingly, numerous NASH-promoting kinases in hepatocytes, immune cells, and adipocytes are activated by the lipotoxic insult associated with obesity. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in NASH-promoting kinases as disease mediators and therapeutic targets. The focus of the review is mainly on the mitogen-activated protein kinases including mixed lineage kinase 3, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK; the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress kinases protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring protein-1α; as well as the Rho-associated protein kinase 1. We also discuss various pharmacological agents targeting these stress kinases in NASH that are under different phases of development.
Allosteric control of hemoglobin S fiber formation by oxygen and its relation to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
Authors: Henry Eric R. , Cellmer Troy , Dunkelberger Emily B. , Metaferia Belhu , Hofrichter James , Li Quan , Ostrowski David , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Louis John M. , Moutereau Stéphane , Galactéros Frédéric , Thein Swee Lay , Bartolucci Pablo , Eaton William A. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The root cause of pathology in sickle cell disease is the polymerization of the mutant hemoglobin S upon deoxygenation in the tissues to form fibers. Both the amount of fiber at equilibrium and the kinetics of fiber formation depend on the partial pressure of oxygen. We show that control of polymerization by oxygen at equilibrium can be better explained by a recent extension of the famous two-state allosteric model of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux. Because of the unusual kinetics, polymerization is far out of equilibrium, which explains why patients with the disease manage to survive, while those with high levels of fetal hemoglobin and those with sickle trait (the heterozygous condition) have relatively benign conditions.
A strategic mindset: An orientation toward strategic behavior during goal pursuit
Authors: Chen Patricia , Powers Joseph T. , Katragadda Kruthika R. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Dweck Carol S. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceModern life and work involve grappling with many novel challenging tasks. What makes some people more strategic, and hence more effective, as they approach these tasks? This research introduces and tests a psychological construct—a “strategic mindset”—which involves asking oneself strategy-eliciting questions, such as “What can I do to help myself?” or “Is there a way to do this even better?” in the face of challenges or insufficient progress. A strategic mindset uniquely predicts how much people report actively using strategies and, in turn, how effective they are at pursuing goals across life domains. The findings suggest that being strategic entails more than just having specific strategic skills—it appears to also entail an orientation toward accessing and employing them.
Task modality, communicative adequacy and CAF measures
Authors: Vasylets Olena , Gilabert Roger , Manchón Rosa M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study we looked into the learning affordances of task modalities as mediated by task
complexity. A group of intermediate learners performed an argumentative task with two levels of complexity orally and
in writing and their performance was rated for adequacy, and assessed in terms of the CAF (complexity, accuracy, and
fluency) measures. In both oral and written modes, communicative success was found to be linked to lexical complexity
and fluency. However, adequacy was associated with accuracy only in speech and with propositional complexity (idea
units) only in writing. Task complexity did not moderate the links between communicative adequacy and the CAF
dimensions. Based on these findings, implications for task design and for language-learning potential across
modalities are drawn.
Processing output during individual L2 writing tasks
Authors: López-Serrano Sonia , Roca de Larios Julio , Manchón Rosa M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study explored the different levels of processing as well as the strategic orientation
involved in the language-related episodes identified in the think-aloud protocols produced by 21 EFL writers (divided
into three proficiency groups: pre-intermediate, intermediate and advanced) during the individual completion of an
argumentative writing task. Results confirmed previous predictions on (i) the manner in which engaging in L2 writing
may foster deep levels of language processing, and (ii) the proficiency-dependency of such processing. In particular,
advanced learners engaged in deeper levels of processing with an upgrading strategic orientation, which involved
complex manipulation and evaluation of L2 forms and structures. These findings are discussed through the lens of the
language learning potential of individual L2 writing tasks.
Can writing facilitate the development of a richer vocabulary?
Authors: Schmitt Diane 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the extent to which existing research on vocabulary acquisition and writing
adequately addresses the vocabulary learning potential of writing with the aim of advancing a research agenda for
investigating the vocabulary learning potential of writing instruction. It first reviews the challenges L2 writers
face with vocabulary size, word knowledge, and lexical fluency from the perspective of vocabulary research. It then
considers how vocabulary is commonly operationalised in writing studies. Next, it considers how vocabulary is treated
in writing instruction. This is followed by proposals for a research agenda that aims to bring the concerns of
vocabulary research and writing research into closer alignment. A stronger word level focus is advocated.
Can writing facilitate the development of grammatical competence?
Authors: Polio Charlene 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although the act of writing should, theoretically, facilitate grammatical development for second
language learners even more so than speaking, most of the empirical research only indirectly supports this view, and
some research even contradicts it. In this chapter, I first discuss theoretical support for the role of writing in
grammatical development and then summarize related research with six different foci. Next, I propose studies related
to these areas, including some conceptual replications and extensions, that might help illuminate any facilitative
effects, or lack thereof, on grammatical development through writing.
The Korean hortative construction revisited
Authors: Kim Ahrim , Kwon Iksoo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper revisits the hortative -ca construction in Korean from a usage-based perspective,
examining its functions in natural interactional spoken data The examination of the actual occurrence of -ca
reveals its various functions: -ca indicates that the performer of the focal-event encoded in the utterance may
be 1st person plural subject, i.e., the speaker and other interlocutors; 2nd person, i.e., the addressee(s); 1st person, i.e., the
speaker; and 3rd person. Our findings provide direct evidence for the different degrees of prototypicality among these functions,
which are reflected in their different frequency counts. Furthermore, this study proposes two novel functions of
ca, the accordant imperative (to demand that the addressee agree with the speaker that the addressee perform
the focal-event) and the speaker hortative (to ask the addressee to perform an action so that the speaker him-/herself can perform
the focal-event).
From classical xenon fringes to hydrogen interferometry
Authors: Müller Simon R , Nedelec Patrick , Oberthaler Markus K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A setup with three equally spaced transmission gratings can be described as a moiré deflectometer in the classical regime and as a Talbot–Lau interferometer in the quantum regime. We successfully operate such a three-grating device with a de Broglie wavelength span of more than two orders of magnitude (20 fm to 2.2 pm), employing different particles such as xenon, krypton, argon, helium, and hydrogen. With that we directly observe the transition from the classical description with fast xenon atoms, to the characteristic quantum behaviour of the Talbot–Lau interferometer using hydrogen atoms with correspondingly long de Broglie wavelength. The systematic study of the interference pattern gives important insights in the feasibility of a proton or antiproton interferometer with this setup.
Feature Extraction from Turbulent Channel Flow Databases via Composite DMD Analysis
Authors: Li B. , Garicano-Mena J. , Valero E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this contribution we consider the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) framework as a purely data-driven tool to investigate a Reτ ≍ 950 turbulent channel database. Specifically, composite-based DMD analyses are conducted, with hybrid snapshots composed by skin friction and Reynolds stress. A small number of dynamic modes (less than 1% of the number of snapshots) is found to be able to recover accurately the DNS Reynolds stresses near the wall, with a weighted factor as an indicator for the modes selections. As a possibility of analysis large turbulent database, we conclude that composite DMD is an attractive, purely data-driven, feature extraction tool to study turbulent flows.
Coherent structures in turbulent boundary layers over an airfoil
Authors: Atzori Marco , Vinuesa Ricardo , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Schlatter Philipp 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This preliminary study is concerned with the identification of three-dimensional coherent structures, defined as intense Reynolds-stress events, in the turbulent boundary layer developing over the suction side of a NACA4412 airfoil at a Reynolds number based on the chord lenght and the incoming velocity of Rec
= 200, 000. The scientific interest for such flows originates from the non-uniform adverse pressure gradient that affects the boundary-layer development. Firstly, we assess different methods to identify the turbulent-non-turbulent interface, in order to exclude the irrotational region from the analysis. Secondly, we evaluate the contribution of the considered coherent structures to the enhanced wall-normal velocity, characteristic of adverse pressure gradients. Our results show that it is necessary to limit the detection of coherent structures to the turbulent region of the domain, and that the structures reveal qualitative differences between the contributions of intense events to the wall-normal velocity in adverse-pressure-gradient and zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers.
Mapping global urban boundaries from the global artificial impervious area (GAIA) data
Authors: Li Xuecao , Gong Peng , Zhou Yuyu , Wang Jie , Bai Yuqi , Chen Bin , Hu Tengyun , Xiao Yixiong , Xu Bing , Yang Jun , Liu Xiaoping , Cai Wenjia , Huang Huabing , Wu Tinghai , Wang Xi , Lin Peng , Li Xun , Chen Jin , He Chunyang , Li Xia , Yu Le , Clinton Nicholas , Zhu Zhiliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Urban boundaries, an essential property of cities, are widely used in many urban studies. However, extracting urban boundaries from satellite images is still a great challenge, especially at a global scale and a fine resolution. In this study, we developed an automatic delineation framework to generate a multi-temporal dataset of global urban boundaries (GUB) using 30 m global artificial impervious area (GAIA) data. First, we delineated an initial urban boundary by filling inner non-urban areas of each city. A kernel density estimation approach and cellular-automata based urban growth modeling were jointly used in this step. Second, we improved the initial urban boundaries around urban fringe areas, using a morphological approach by dilating and eroding the derived urban extent. We implemented this delineation on the Google Earth Engine platform and generated a 30 m resolution global urban boundary dataset in seven representative years (i.e. 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018). Our extracted urban boundaries show a good agreement with results derived from nighttime light data and human interpretation, and they can well delineate the urban extent of cities when compared with high-resolution Google Earth images. The total area of 65 582 GUBs, each of which exceeds 1 km2, is 809 664 km2 in 2018. The impervious surface areas account for approximately 60% of the total. From 1990 to 2018, the proportion of impervious areas in delineated boundaries increased from 53% to 60%, suggesting a compact urban growth over the past decades. We found that the United States has the highest per capita urban area (i.e. more than 900 m2) among the top 10 most urbanized nations in 2018. This dataset provides a physical boundary of urban areas that can be used to study the impact of urbanization on food security, biodiversity, climate change, and urban health. The GUB dataset can be accessed from http://data.ess.tsinghua.edu.cn.
High potential of affordable housing supply by using industrialised building system in Selangor
Authors: Mohamed Aris N A , Fathi M S , Harun A N , Mohamed Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The implementation of an industrialized building system (IBS) by housing developers has been a subject of argument in terms of reducing the overall costs of the housing projects which aim to sustain the supply of affordable houses to the people. To date, no real-world study has been conducted into real business cases. Thus, this case study has been carried out to verify the utilization of IBS in reducing the construction cost of housing projects. Three case studies based on interviews were reviewed and analyzed using the content analysis approach. The findings showed that there were significant differences between utilizing the IBS approach compared to the conventional method. However, the factors of volumes, IBS supplier radius, land acquisition, design, type of residential units and construction company capacity are the main concerns which have been emphasized in applying the IBS method for affordable housing supply by the developers and manufacturers. The most interesting outcome was the fast completion of the construction projects which resulted in speeding up the claiming process. Thus, the implementation of IBS will enhance the developers’ cash flow. This study concludes that the high potential of utilizing IBS components in affordable housing programs can be related to the overall reduction of construction costs, since more units were planned to be constructed in Selangor. However, the affordable housing program agencies should play a vital role in land acquisition.
A review on achieving sustainable construction waste management through application of 3R (reduction, reuse, recycling): A lifecycle approach
Authors: Mohammed M , Shafiq N , Abdallah N A W , Ayoub M , Haruna A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study shows that there is no systematic review of research progress in literature throughout the field of sustainable construction waste management by 3R (reduction, reuse, and recycling) A lifecycle approach, The need for processes, strategies, rating systems and policies for robust and efficient waste management is widely recognized. The paper aims to evaluate. A review of sustainable construction waste management in Malaysia to maximize the 3R and reduce the disposal of construction waste by implementing a sustainable strategy throughout project lifecycle. Managing landfill shortages and long-term negative environmental economic and social effects of sustainable waste disposal are now becoming crucial for the sustainability of public health and natural ecosystems. To make adjustments, causes and factors responsible for sustainable construction waste management and progress in moving towards sustainability, it is therefore important to define the existing waste management system and causative factors adopted by industries. It allows a major shift in waste management of Malaysia by improvising current technology for waste management in a much more sustainable way. Furthermore, this ongoing research would develop sustainable construction waste procedures to sustain environmental, economic and social development for a Malaysian construction project.
BIM: The setback OR solution to project cost issues in Malaysia construction industry?
Authors: Ang P S E , Pung Y L , Tsai K L , Zulkaply M NA , Tey J S , Kasim N B , Osman M H , Musa M K , Abdul Rahman M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Malaysia is progressing into Industry Revolution (IR) 4.0 which emphasizes more onto digital, data and artificial intelligence where everything is expected to be automated. However, cost tends to be a major issue at the pioneer stage of embracing technology where Building Information Modelling (BIM) for example tends to be a cost tussle for the current construction industry. Yet, research has shown that BIM is arguably one of the technology platforms in combating the costing issue considering that BIM enables 3D model elements to link to cost and auto-generate quantities which potentially achieve cost-effective project. Due to the conflicting perspectives of how BIM affects project cost issues, it is imperative to investigate the cost-related issues in implementing BIM in the project and to determine how BIM in general positively influences the overall project cost. Qualitative research is adopted in this study. A semi-structured interview was conducted among four professionals who employs BIM in their project. They consist of the assistant manager, senior manager and chief executive officer. The data collected is analysed by utilising Matrix Table for better organisation. The scope of the study is in the Selangor state in which the local construction industry had applied BIM in their construction industry up to the 3D stage. The results showed that the BIM implementation cost is not too burdensome as it is only a one-time cost and does not vary throughout the project period. In addition, the BIM influence on the overall cost of the project is beneficial to the industry. It improves workflow and cost management. In conclusion, BIM is beneficial to the construction industry in the long term. It is important to resolve the cost-related issues for implement BIM and hence, encourage the usage of BIM, especially in the IR 4.0 ecosystem.
Investigation on the Effect of Industrial Hygiene towards Innovation Performance: A Case of the Construction Industry in Malaysia
Authors: Zainol N Z , Jusoh M S , Amlus M A , Hamidin N , Ibrahim F A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The construction industry is growing extraordinarily, progressive and profitable. It is one of the topmost sectors that contribute to the economy of a country. Even so, it is the riskiest industry as construction workplace has the highest number of fatality and injuries. Safety and health issues remain critical to the construction industry due to its working environment and the complexity of working practices. When related to health, hygiene is one factor to be observed, in which safety is a primary concern in the construction sector. Hygiene, being part of safety and health management in site plays a significant role in the performance of an organization. At some extent, ignorance of hygiene resulted catastrophically. The present study found the influence of industry hygiene towards innovation performance in the construction industry. The industrial hygiene which measured through few dimensions, i.e. hygiene knowledge, personal hygiene behaviour and hygiene personnel protection equipment are tested against innovation performance as the dependent variable. Following the comprehensive reviews, it is pertinent for the research to choose a quantitative undertaking, where questionnaires survey is the primary tool to collect the data among the construction companies, i.e., developers and contractors that registered with CIDB. The instrument will be developed to investigate the influence of industrial hygiene practices toward innovation performance. The research objectives will be achieved by statistically analyzing the collected data with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to verify the relationship between the variables.