bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of Psilocybe “Magic” Mushrooms
Authors: Lenz Claudius , Wick Jonas , Braga Daniel , García‐Altares María , Lackner Gerald , Hertweck Christian , Gressler Markus , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpon injury, psychotropic psilocybin‐producing mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color, the chemical basis and mode of formation of which has remained elusive. We report two enzymes from Psilocybe cubensis that carry out a two‐step cascade to prepare psilocybin for oxidative oligomerization that leads to blue products. The phosphatase PsiP removes the 4‐O‐phosphate group to yield psilocin, while PsiL oxidizes its 4‐hydroxy group. The PsiL reaction was monitored by in situ 13C NMR spectroscopy, which indicated that oxidative coupling of psilocyl residues occurs primarily via C‐5. MS and IR spectroscopy indicated the formation of a heterogeneous mixture of preferentially psilocyl 3‐ to 13‐mers and suggest multiple oligomerization routes, depending on oxidative power and substrate concentration. The results also imply that phosphate ester of psilocybin serves a reversible protective function.
Kohlenstoff‐Nanopunkte als Photokatalysatoren für die freie radikalische und ATRP‐basierte radikalische Photopolymerisation mit blauen LEDs
Authors: Kütahya Ceren , Wang Ping , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Chen Zhijun , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKohlenstoff‐Nanopunkte (CDs) fanden Verwendung als Sensibilisator, um die freie radikalische und kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation auf Basis einer ATRP‐Vorschrift mit blauen LEDs zu initiieren und zu aktivieren. N‐dotierte CDs sind wirksame Photokatalysatoren und Photosensibilisatoren in Kombination mit LEDs, die bei 405 oder 470 nm emittieren. Die Initiierung der freien radikalischen Polymerisation erfolgte durch Kombination von CDs mit einem Iodonium‐ oder Sulfoniumsalz in Tripropylenglycoldiacrylat. Die Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat durch photoinduzierte ATRP gelang mit CDs und α‐Bromphenylessigsäureethylester unter Verwendung von CuII als Katalysator im ppm‐Bereich. Die erhaltenen Polymere zeigten im betrachteten Zeitfenster eine engere Dispersität und eine Funktionalität der Endgruppen bei ATR‐Experimenten. Die Kinetik erster Ordnung bestätigt zusätzlich eine konstante Konzentration von Polymerradikalen. Es wurde keine bemerkenswerte zytotoxische Aktivität der CDs beobachtet, was ihre Biokompatibilität verdeutlicht.
Crystal Engineering of Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Organic Solids
Authors: Hamzehpoor Ehsan , Perepichka Dmitrii F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a series of highly emissive azatriangulenetrione (TANGO) solids in which the luminescent properties are controlled by engineering the molecular packing by adjusting the steric size of substituents. The co‐alignment of “phosphorogenic” carbonyl groups within the π‐stacks results in an almost pure triplet emission in HTANGO, TCTANGO, TBTANGO and TITANGO, while their rotation by ≈60° in the sterically hindered tBuTANGO leads to an almost pure singlet emission. Despite strong π‐interactions, aggregation‐induced quenching and triplet–triplet annihilation are avoided in HTANGO and TCTANGO which display efficient phosphorescence in the solid state. To our knowledge, HTANGO with the solid‐state phosphorescence quantum yield of 42 % at room temperature is the most efficient phosphor composed of the 1st/2nd raw elements only.
Percutaneous endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair: State‐of‐the art
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Ali , Chanda Arijit , White Christopher J. , Jenkins James Stephen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEndovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms emerged initially as an alternative treatment strategy for patients considered to be inoperable or high risk for surgery. The evolution of endovascular techniques has made this technology a safe and less invasive alternative to open surgery for patients with suitable aortic anatomy. This manuscript reviews the current state of the art for endovascular AAA repair techniques, clinical outcomes, guideline recommendations, and future applications.
Ionic Pd/NHC Catalytic System Enables Recoverable Homogeneous Catalysis: Mechanistic Study and Application in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Eremin Dmitry B. , Denisova Ekaterina A. , Yu. Kostyukovich Alexander , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Khrustalev Victor N. , Chernyshev Victor M. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Valentine P. Ananikov and co‐workers. The image depicts the dynamic behaviour of a Pd/NHC catalytic system with easy transition from molecular to ionic complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903221.
REAL‐t1, an Effective Approach for t1‐Noise Suppression in NMR Spectroscopy Based on Resampling Algorithm
Authors: Song Linhong , Wang Jiannan , Su Xuncheng , Zhang Xu , Li Conggang , Zhou Xin , Yang Daiwen , Jiang Bin , Liu Maili 
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn multidimensional (nD) NMR spectroscopy, t1 noise usually appears as ridges along indirect dimensions, and affects observation of weak signals. The main source of t1 noise is instrumental instability, which causes random variation of FID amplitude during data acquisitions and introduces random noise‐like peaks into spectrum after Fourier transformation. A number of efforts have been devoted, in order to develop new method or to improve existing approaches for suppressing t1 noise. Herein, we propose a novel t1 noise suppression method based on resampling algorithm for data processing, shortened as REAL‐t1. The method was verified using simulated 2D spectra, and NOESY spectra of sucrose and protein GB1, showing that the spectral quality was improved in all cases. The performance of REAL‐t1 was also compared with another recently proposed method, which showed that these two methods provided similar performance while REAL‐t1 cost much shorter experimental time.
Distance metrics for very large color differences
Authors: Abasi Saeedeh , Amani Tehran Mohammad , Fairchild Mark D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall, supra‐threshold color differences are typically described with Euclidean distance metrics, or dimension‐weighted Euclidean metrics, in color appearance spaces such as CIELAB. This research examines the perception and modeling of very large color differences in the order of 10 CIELAB units or larger, with an aim of describing the salience of color differences between distinct objects in real‐world scenes and images. A psychophysical experiment was completed to compare directly large color‐difference pairs designed to probe various Euclidean and non‐Euclidean distance metrics. The results indicate that very large color differences are best described by HyAB, a combination of a Euclidean metric in hue and chroma with a city‐block metric to incorporate lightness differences.
The role of chick Ebf genes in the mediolateral patterning of the somites
Authors: EL‐Magd Mohammed A. , Elsayed Shafika A. , El‐Shetry Eman S. , Abdelfattah‐Hassan Ahmed , Saleh Ayman A. , Allen Steve , McGonnell Imelda , Patel Ketan 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis study was conducted to check whether the three chick Early B‐cell Factor (Ebf) genes, particularly cEbf1, would be targets for Shh and Bmp signals during somites mediolateral (ML) patterning. Tissue manipulations and gain and loss of function experiments for Shh and Bmp4 were performed and the results revealed that cEbf1 expression was initiated in the cranial presomitic mesoderm by low dose of Bmp4 from the lateral mesoderm and maintained in the ventromedial part of the epithelial somite and the medial sclerotome by Shh from the notochord; while cEbf2/3 expression was induced and maintained by Bmp4 and inhibited by high dose of Shh. To determine whether Ebf1 plays a role in somite patterning, transfection of a dominant‐negative construct was carried out; this showed suppression of cPax1 expression in the medial sclerotome and upregulation and medial expansion of cEbf3 and cPax3 expression in sclerotome and dermomyotome, respectively, suggesting that Ebf1 is important for ML patterning. Thus, it is possible that low doses of Bmp4 set up Ebf1 expression which, together with Shh from the notochord, leads to establishment of the medial sclerotome and suppression of lateral identities. These data also conclude that Bmp4 is required in both the medial and lateral domain of the somitic mesoderm to keep the ML identity of the sclerotome through maintenance of cEbf gene expression. These striking findings are novel and give a new insight on the role of Bmp4 on mediolateral patterning of somites.
Organic farming expansion drives natural enemy abundance but not diversity in vineyard‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Muneret Lucile , Auriol Arthur , Bonnard Olivier , Richart‐Cervera Sylvie , Thiéry Denis , Rusch Adrien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic farming is seen as a prototype of ecological intensification potentially able to conciliate crop productivity and biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. However, how natural enemies, an important functional group supporting pest control services, respond to organic farming at different scales and in different landscape contexts remain unclear. Using a hierarchical design within a vineyard‐dominated region located in southwestern France, we examine the independent effects of organic farming and semi‐natural habitats at the local and landscape scales on natural enemies. We show that the proportion of organic farming is a stronger driver of species abundance than the proportion of semi‐natural habitats and is an important facet of landscape heterogeneity shaping natural enemy assemblages. Although our study highlights a strong taxonomic group‐dependency about the effect of organic farming, organic farming benefits to dominant species while rare species occur at the same frequency in the two farming systems. Independently of farming systems, enhancing field age, reducing crop productivity, soil tillage intensity, and pesticide use are key management options to increase natural enemy biodiversity. Our study indicates that policies promoting the expansion of organic farming will benefit more to ecological intensification strategies seeking to enhance ecosystem services than to biodiversity conservation.
Biochemical assessment of patients following ketogenic diets for epilepsy: Current practice in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Schoeler Natasha E. , Simpson Zoe , Whiteley Victoria J. , Nguyen Patty , Meskell Rachel , Lightfoot Kathyrn , Martin‐McGill Kirsty J. , Olpin Simon , Ivison Fiona ,   the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network (KDRN)
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveBiochemical assessment is recommended for patients prior to initiating and following a ketogenic diet (KD). There is no published literature regarding current practice in the UK and Ireland. We aimed to explore practice in comparison with international guidelines, determine approximate costs of biochemical testing in KD patients across the UK and Ireland, and promote greater consistency in KD services nationally.MethodsA survey was designed to determine the biochemical tests requested for patients at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months + on KD. The survey was circulated to 39 centers across the UK and Ireland.ResultsSixteen centers completed the survey. Full blood count, electrolytes, calcium, liver function tests (LFTs), lipid profile, and vitamin D were requested at all centers at baseline, in keeping with international guidelines. Bicarbonate, total protein, and urinalysis were less consistently requested. Magnesium and zinc were requested by all centers, despite not being specifically recommended for pre‐diet evaluation in guidelines. Urea and electrolyte profiles and some LFTs were consistently requested at follow‐up, in accordance with guidelines. Other LFTs and renal tests, full blood count, lipid profile, acylcarnitine profile, selenium, vitamin D, and urinalysis were less consistently requested at follow‐up. The mean costs of the lowest and highest number of tests requested at baseline in our participating centers were £167.54 and £501.93; the mean costs of the lowest and highest number of tests requested at 3‐month follow‐up were £19.17 and £450.06.SignificanceBiochemical monitoring of KD patients varies widely across the UK and Ireland and does not fully correspond to international best practice guidelines. With an ongoing drive for cost‐effectiveness within health care, further work is needed to streamline practice while ensuring patient safety.
Transcriptomic Changes in Liver of Juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis following Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Exposure
Authors: Zhang Linbao , Sun Wei , Chen Haigang , Zhang Zhe , Cai Wengui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an increasingly important environmental pollutant that is pervasive in the environment. A number of studies have focused on the toxicological effects of PFOS on model fish species (zebrafish and medaka), but little is known about the impact of PFOS on commercially important marine fish. Thus, the present study examined transcriptome responses to PFOS exposure in the liver of juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis, an important farmed flatfish in China. Then, in response to PFOS challenges, 1695 and 5244 genes were identified as significantly increased and depressed, respectively. Significant expression changes were observed in immune-related genes (cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, T-helper [Th]17 cell differentiation, and the chemokine nuclear factor-kappa B and T-cell receptor signaling pathways), indicating that immunotoxicity is a key aspect of the effects of PFOS on C. semilaevis. Exposure to PFOS also altered the gene expression levels of hormones (inhibin, insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon), which could lead to severe metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. As expected from previous studies, several phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes were significantly up-regulated, which could facilitate the biotransformation and detoxification of PFOS in C. semilaevis. The present study provides new insights into the molecular toxicology of PFOS in a commercially important fish species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:556–564. © 2019 SETAC
Teachers' Views of Their Practices Related to Common Core State Standards‐Aligned Assessments
Authors: Buzick Heather M. , Rhoad‐Drogalis Anna , Laitusis Cara C. , King Teresa C. 
Published: November 2019

A fundamental claim for Common Core State Standards (CCSS)‐aligned assessments is that they will lead to better teaching practices. The purpose of this study is to seek evidence in support of this claim by surveying teachers about their instructional practices, test preparation strategies, and test score use both before and after the introduction of CCSS‐aligned assessments. Baseline and trend data were collected via five Web‐based surveys, administered over 2 years to elementary and middle school English language arts and mathematics teachers in one state, New Jersey. Responses to the first three surveys (n1 = 402 teachers, n2 = 469 teachers, and n3 = 175 teachers from 4% to 6% of New Jersey schools) are summarized and described; results from the remaining surveys are omitted due to low response. Challenges to collecting empirical evidence in support of the validity argument and theory of action for a new assessment are discussed.
Experimental study on fire properties of interior materials used in low‐floor light‐rail trains
Authors: An Weiguang , Liang Kai , Zhang Taolin , Yin Xiangwei , Cong Yuzhou , Gao Yunji , Cheng Jianwei 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this work, cone calorimeter tests were conducted to investigate fire properties of interior materials (floor covering [FC], aluminum plate covered with paint [APCP], light diffuser [LD], and gel coat [GC]) used in low‐floor light‐rail trains. Ignition time (tig) of each material decreases with the increase of radiative heat flux. The decreasing order of the four samples by ignition time under the same radiative heat flux is LD > APCP > FC > GC. The heat release rate (HRR), peak value of HRR (PHRR), time from ignition to PHRR (tp), fire growth rate index (FIGRA), and fire growth index (FGI) rise with the increasing radiative heat flux. For the FC, LD, and GC, single HRR peak is observed in the HRR history while three peaks are observed for APCP. For PHRR, LD > FC > APCP > GC, while for tp, GC < FC < APCP < LD. Under most conditions, the FIGRA and FGI of the FC is the highest among the four materials. Results of this work are beneficial to evaluate fire hazard of low‐floor light‐rail train and determine the emphasis of fire prevention.
Sucrose treatment of mung bean seeds results in increased vitamin C, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in mung bean sprouts
Authors: Wei Yingying , Wang Xingxing , Shao Xingfeng , Xu Feng , Wang Hongfei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMung bean seeds were soaked in 0.5 g/L of sucrose solution for 24 hr at 25°C and sprayed with this solution every 12 hr during the germination for 5 days. Our results showed that exogenous sucrose significantly increased vitamin C content throughout germination, and sucrose‐treated sprouts had 23% more vitamin C (20.8 mg/100 g FW) than in control sprouts on day 5. This may be related to higher levels of glucose and l‐galactono‐1, 4‐lactone dehydrogenase activity seen in the treated group versus the control. Total phenolic content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly higher in sucrose‐treated mung bean sprouts than the controls, which contributed to the higher antioxidant activity in sucrose‐treated sprouts. These results indicate that exogenous sucrose treatment increases the content of vitamin C and total phenolics, and enhances the antioxidant activity in mung bean sprouts. It suggests that exogenous sucrose treatment could be an effective technique for producing mung bean sprouts with more vitamin C and higher antioxidant capacity.
Analyzing the decline of student scores over time in self‐scheduled asynchronous exams
Authors: Chen Binglin , West Matthew , Zilles Craig 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen students are given a choice of when to take an exam in engineering and computing courses, it has been previously observed that average exam scores generally decline over the exam period. This trend may have implications both for the design of interventions to improve student learning and for data analysis to detect collaborative cheating.Purpose/HypothesisWe hypothesize that average exam scores decline over the exam period primarily due to self‐selection effects, where weaker students tend to choose exam times later in the exam period, while stronger students are more likely to choose earlier times.Design/MethodWe collected 31,673 exam records over four semesters from six undergraduate engineering and computing courses that had both synchronous exams (all students at the same time) and asynchronous exams (students choose a time). We analyzed student exam time choice and asynchronous exam scores, using synchronous exam scores in the same course as a control variable.ResultsWe find that students with lower scores on synchronous exams generally elect to take asynchronous exams later and that controlling for student ability (via synchronous exams) removes 70% of the decline observed in average asynchronous exam scores over the exam period but does not eliminate the downward trend with time.ConclusionsWe conclude that self‐selection effects are primarily responsible for exam score declines over time, that exam time selection is unlikely to be a useful target for interventions to improve performance, and that there is no evidence for widespread collaborative cheating in the dataset used in this research.
Surfaces of general type with pg=1, q=0, K2=6 and grassmannians
Authors: Fatighenti Enrico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe construct examples of surfaces of general type with , and . We use as key varieties Fano fourfolds and Calabi–Yau threefolds that are zero section of some special homogeneous vector bundle on Grassmannians. We link as well our construction to a classical Campedelli surface, using the Pfaffian–Grassmannian correspondence.
Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of iron‐nickel based superalloy
Authors: Fazilatpanah H. , Jahangiri M.R. , Khodabandeh A.R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHot deformation behavior of iron‐nickel based superalloy (multimet N‐155) was investigated by hot compression tests, carried out in the deformation temperature of 850 °C–1150 °C with strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s−1. The results showed that during the hot deformation of the alloy, under the same temperature, the flow stress rises with the increase of strain rate. At the same strain rate, the flow stress decreases with the increase of the temperature. The constitutive equations of the alloy that describe the flow stress as a function of strain rate and deformation temperature were established and the calculated apparent activation energy was 584.996 Kj/mol. The results of metallographic analysis showed that the amount of dynamic recrystallization in the peak efficiency domain is higher than the other domains. The results also showed that by increase of deformation temperature and/or decrease of strain rate, the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization increases. Processing maps under different strains were constructed for evaluation of flow instability regime and optimization of processing parameters. The optimum hot working window for alloy was obtained at the temperature range of 925 °C–1050 °C and strain rate of 0.001–0.003 s−1, with peak efficiency of 28 %.