bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term maternal cardiometabolic outcomes 22 years after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tutino Greg E , Tam Claudia HT , Ozaki Riza , Yuen Lai Yuk , So Wing Yee , Chan Michael HM , Ko Gary TC , Yang Xilin , Chan Juliana CN , Tam Wing Hung , Ma Ronald CW 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We characterized the association between maternal glycemia during pregnancy with long‐term outcomes.Methods and MethodsIn this prospective nested case–cohort study, participants were recalled for follow up with detailed evaluation including oral glucose tolerance test at 8, 15 and 22 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome at follow up. The association between maternal glycemia at pregnancy and follow up was evaluated by linear regression. We also charted trajectory of β‐cell function during follow up.ResultsThe analysis included 121 women with a mean follow‐up period of 22.5 years, and a mean age of 50.3 years. Gestational diabetes was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval 1.03–5.99) for combined diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance at follow up (P = 0.04). Women with a pre‐pregnancy body mass index ≥23 had an odds ratio of 5.43 (95% confidence interval 1.87–15.72) for metabolic syndrome at follow up, compared with those with body mass index <23 (P = 0.002). Both fasting and 2‐h glucose during pregnancy were strongly associated with glycemic indices at follow up (P‐value <0.001–0.016). Gestational diabetes was associated with impaired β‐cell function that remained relatively stable after the index pregnancy.ConclusionsChinese women with a history of gestational diabetes have a high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes at 22‐year follow up. Glucose levels during mid‐pregnancy are strongly associated with those of middle age.
Intra‐individual association between C‐reactive protein and insulin administration in postoperative lumbar spinal canal stenosis patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kurisu Ken , Tsurutani Yuya , Inoue Kosuke , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Saiki Fumiko , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe association of intra‐individual variability in insulin requirements with C‐reactive protein levels among acute phase patients remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate this association. Patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis were included in the study. We analyzed 286 records of 49 patients using the linear mixed effects model. The model showed C‐reactive protein levels to be significantly associated with insulin requirements, with an effect size of 0.60 U/day for an elevation of 1 mg/dL. The effect size was increased in patients with higher hemoglobin A1c levels. Our findings imply that C‐reactive protein levels could be a useful clinical biomarker when blood glucose levels are controlled in acute phase patients.
The Risk of Head Injuries Associated With Antipsychotic Use Among Persons With Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tapiainen Vesa , Lavikainen Piia , Koponen Marjaana , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAntipsychotic use is associated with risk of falls among older persons, but we are not aware of previous studies investigating risk of head injuries. We studied the association of antipsychotic use and risk of head injuries among community dwellers with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DESIGNNationwide register‐based cohort study.SETTINGMedication Use and Alzheimer's Disease (MEDALZ) cohort, Finland.PARTICIPANTSThe MEDALZ cohort includes Finnish community dwellers who received clinically verified AD diagnosis in 2005 to 2011. Incident antipsychotic users were identified from the Prescription Register and matched with nonusers by age, sex, and time since AD diagnosis (21 795 matched pairs). Persons with prior head injury or history of schizophrenia were excluded.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes were incident head injuries (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD‐10] codes S00‐S09) and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs; ICD‐10 codes S06.0‐S06.9) resulting in a hospital admission (Hospital Discharge Register) or death (Causes of Death Register). Inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess relative risks.RESULTSAntipsychotic use was associated with an increased risk of head injuries (event rate per 100 person‐years = 1.65 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.50‐1.81] for users and 1.26 [95% CI = 1.16‐1.37] for nonusers; IPT‐weighted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29 [95% CI = 1.14‐1.47]) and TBIs (event rate per 100 person‐years = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.79‐1.02] for users and 0.72 [95% CI = 0.65‐0.81] for nonusers; IPT‐weighted HR = 1.22 [95% CI = 1.03‐1.45]). Quetiapine users had higher risk of TBIs (IPT‐weighted HR = 1.60 [95% CI = 1.15‐2.22]) in comparison to risperidone users.CONCLUSIONSThese findings imply that in addition to previously reported adverse events and effects, antipsychotic use may increase the risk of head injuries and TBIs in persons with AD. Therefore, their use should be restricted to most severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, as recommended by the AGS Beers Criteria®. Additionally, higher relative risk of TBIs in quetiapine users compared to risperidone users should be confirmed in further studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:595–602, 2020
Hospital‐diagnosed overweight and obesity related to cancer risk: a 40‐year Danish cohort study
Authors: Gribsholt S. B. , Cronin‐Fenton D. , Veres K. , Thomsen R. W. , Ording A. G. , Richelsen B. , Sørensen H. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities that predispose patients to increased cancer risk. Contemporary data on the long‐term risk of specific cancers are sparse among patients with hospital‐diagnosed overweight and obesity.ObjectivesTo examine the overall cancer incidence and specific site‐related cancer incidences among patients with overweight and obesity, compared to the general Danish population.MethodsFor this 40‐year (1977–2016), nationwide, Danish cohort study, we reviewed medical databases to identify individuals with hospital‐based overweight and obesity diagnoses. We computed age‐ and gender‐standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for subsequent cancer compared to the general population.ResultsWe observed 20 706 cancers among 313 321 patients diagnosed with overweight and obesity (median age 43 years; median follow‐up 6.7 years, range 1–40 years) compared to the 18 480 cancers expected; thus, the SIR was 1.12 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.11–1.14]. The SIR associated with overweight and obesity was increased with concomitant comorbidities, like type 2 diabetes (SIR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13–1.23) and alcoholism‐related diseases (SIR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.45–1.82). The SIR was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.28–1.34) for cancers previously identified as obesity‐related, including pancreatic (SIR: 1.38; 95% CI; 1.27–1.49) and postmenopausal breast cancer (SIR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09–1.19). Obesity/overweight status also elevated the SIRs for haematological (SIR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18–1.29) and neurological cancers (SIR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.11–1.27]. In contrast, SIRs were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97–1.05) for immune‐related cancers, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.95) for malignant melanoma, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) for hormone‐related cancers, other than postmenopausal breast cancer.ConclusionIn this large cohort study, overweight and obesity was associated with increased risk of several common cancers.
Investigating space‐time patterns of regional industrial resilience through a micro‐level approach: An application to the Italian wine industry
Authors: Canello Jacopo , Vidoli Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a new methodology to identify space‐time patterns of regional resilience using a micro‐level approach. The novel empirical tool combines geographically weighted regression with panel stochastic frontier analysis with endogenous covariates. The analysis is implemented on a panel of farm holdings operating in the Italian wine industry, focusing on the impact of a major institutional change. The results show the effectiveness of the new procedure in identifying geographical clusters of wine producers who reacted to the shock in similar ways. The responses are found to be homogeneous within specific territories and heterogeneous between regions.
Changes in olfactory function after immersive exposure to odorants
Authors: Mahmut Mehmet K. , Uecker Florian C. , Göktas Önder , Georgsdorf Wolfgang , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Hummel Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSniffing four different odorants, bi‐daily, for at least 3 months can improve olfactory function. The aim of the current study was to examine whether a relatively short (2 week) exposure period, an immersive exposure to a large number of diverse odorants can improve olfactory function. Twenty‐five patients with various olfactory dysfunctions were exposed to 72 different odorants dispersed into an air‐controlled space, while in a group. Each odorant was singularly dispersed from one side of the room using a purpose‐built apparatus. The odorant exposure period ran for 14 consecutive days, with daily sessions for approximately 24 min. Olfactory function (odor thresholds, discrimination, and identification) was tested before the odorant exposure sessions (i.e., baseline) and then again approximately 6 weeks and 25 weeks afterward. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in overall olfactory function test score, six, and 25 weeks after the odorant exposure sessions, compared to baseline. Specifically, 28% of participants experienced a clinically significant improvement in olfactory function.Practical ApplicationImmersive exposure presents an opportunity to enhance olfactory function in various environments and may be an effective training methodology to increase the olfactory sensitivity of sensory panellists. Moreover, immersive odorant exposure may present a novel experimental approach to consumer testing.
Food characteristics and oropharyngeal dysphagia: What speech therapists say
Authors: Machado Alessandra S. , Vargens Karla L. , Armini Tathyany F. , Pereira Tiago C. , Lenz Dominik , Endringer Denise C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the knowledge of speech therapists about characteristics of food used in the management of dysphagia. This was a quantitative descriptive study, performed using an online questionnaire (SurveyMonkey®) about the desirable food and beverages attributes to facilitate deglutition in dysphagia rehabilitation: texture, viscosity, temperature, taste, and moisture. Participants were separated into two groups, experts in dysphagia and no experts in dysphagia. Differences between the two groups were compared using the Freeman–Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test and chi‐square test. From 1,072 respondents, 752 were included and 572 were experts in dysphagia. The speech therapist expert in dysphagia answered correctly about the texture and viscosity, while no experts answered correctly only about viscosity. The other attributes, temperature, taste, and moisture, were incorrectly answered by both groups. The speech therapists demonstrated reduced knowledge regarding the characteristics of foods most indicated for patients with dysphagia.Practical applicationsThe rehabilitation program for patients with dysphagia, established to promote safe and efficient food intake, includes changes in diet offered, since swallowing mechanism is dependent upon bolus characteristics. Speech therapist must select specific characteristics, such as texture, viscosity, temperature, taste, and moisture. The speech therapists participants demonstrated reduced knowledge regarding the characteristics of foods, presenting better results in texture and consistency than in temperature, taste, and moisture. There is a need to deepen the knowledge of speech therapists about the characteristics of foods so that choices in modified diets are more assertive and achieve the goal of ensure a safe and efficient swallowing for these patients.
Role of acidifiers in livestock nutrition and health: A review
Authors: Pearlin Beulah Vermilion , Muthuvel Shanmathy , Govidasamy Prabakar , Villavan Manojkumar , Alagawany Mahmoud , Ragab Farag Mayada , Dhama Kuldeep , Gopi Marappan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEver since the European ban on use of in‐feed antibiotics in food animals, the search for alternate antibiotic‐free growth promoter is undertaken worldwide. There are few alternatives such as probiotics, pre‐biotics, phytochemicals, enzymes and organic acids. Among these alternatives, the organic acids or simply acidifiers play an important role in gut health in animals. The acidifiers could be used to favourably manipulate the intestinal microbial populations and improve the immune response, hence perform an activity similar to antibiotics in food animals in countering pathogenic bacteria. Acidifiers also improve the digestibility of nutrients and increase the absorption of minerals. The incorporation of organic acids also leads to thinning of the intestinal lining which facilitates better absorption of nutrients and its efficient utilization. However, their effect will not be similar among all types of organic acids as their mechanism of activity is based on its pKa value. Moreover, there are claims about the neutralization of acids by the secretion of bicarbonates in the initial part of intestine, reactivity with metallic items in feed mills and reduced palatability due its bitter taste demands non‐reactive and targeted delivery for better performance. Currently, coated salts of acidifiers are available commercially for use in food animals especially pigs and poultry. The present review highlights the role of different acidifiers in livestock nutrition with their potent applications in improving nutrient digestibility, mineral utilization, meat quality, enhancing immunity, antimicrobial effects in countering pathogenic bacteria, boosting performance and production, and thus safeguarding health of livestock animals and poultry.
Refractory neutrophil activation in type 2 diabetics with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Herrmann Jens Martin , Sonnenschein Sarah Kirsten , Groeger Sabine Elisabeth , Ewald Nils , Arneth Borros , Meyle Joerg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammation increases diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) progression and severity. T2DM patients are at high risk of the rapid development of chronic periodontitis (CP). Topical presence, high numbers, and bactericidal effects of immune cells are challenged by augmented antigen‐induced inflammation, which promotes both diseases.ObjectivesTo investigate gingival cellular inflammatory responses in individuals with previously undiagnosed T2DM with CP or CP alone and in systemically and periodontally healthy controls (H) in vivo and to establish an ex vivo technique permitting quantitative and qualitative assessments of gingival crevicular immune cells.Materials and MethodsT2DM + CP, CP, and H individuals (n = 10, each) received a 2‐week oral hygiene regimen (OHR). Afterwards, a noninvasive sampling technique was performed to evaluate gingival inflammation induced under standardized conditions in vivo, that is, in the absence of severe periodontal destruction and inflammation at clinically healthy sites. Stimuli (casein/test or phosphate‐buffered saline w/o. Ca2+ or Mg2+, PBS(−/−)/control) were randomly applied contralaterally in the gingival sulci of participants’ upper dentes canini. One day after completion of the OHR, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was kinetically assayed between the time of the baseline (BL) measurement and 55 minutes. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) content (PMNGCF) was quantitated at an optimum time of 35 minutes. PMNGCF counts reflect local inflammation. Ex vivo samples were fluorimetrically labeled, gated according to the donor's peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNPB), and then counted, employing flow cytometry.ResultsPMNGCF counts in unstimulated gingival crevices (at BL) in the T2DM + CP group were higher than those in the CP and H groups. PMNGCF counts were elevated in casein vs PBS(−/−)‐stimulated gingival crevices in all groups. Patients with T2DM + CP showed increased PMNGCF counts compared to those with CP (P = .035) according to scatter plots. CD45+ counts in the stimulated sites in T2DM + CP patients were higher than those in CP and H patients (P = .041). Under stimulation conditions, the CD45+ counts differed from those under placebo conditions (P = .019), indicating augmented, inducible inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate in T2DM + CP patients.ConclusionsThis noninvasive technique permits quantitative assessment of (experimental) gingival inflammation in vivo, revealing an influence of T2DM + CP on the number of primary immune cells in the gingival crevice. Patients who are challenged with (local) leukocytosis are likely at risk of collateral damage to the gingival crevice neighboring tissues, favoring the severity and progression of CP and consequently T2DM (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01848379).
Disposition of cyadox in domesticated cats following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration
Authors: Sattar Adeel , Hafeez Mian Abdul , Wu Qin , Tahir Adnan Hassan , Shabbir Muhammad Abu Bakr , Chen Dongmei , Huang Lingli , Xie Shuyu , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCyadox (CYX) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of quinoxaline with much lower toxic effects. A safety criterion of CYX for clinical use was established by studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of CYX after oral (PO), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) administration. CYX was administered in six domesticated cats (three males and three females) by PO (40 mg/kg.b.w.), IM (10 mg/kg.b.w.), and IV (10 mg/kg.b.w.) routes in a crossover pattern. Highly sensitive liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV) method was developed for detection of CYX and its metabolites present in plasma, urine, and feces. The bioavailability of CYX after PO and IM routes was 4.37% and 84.4%. The area under curves (AUC), mean resident time (MRT), and clearance (CL) of CYX and its metabolites revealed that CYX quickly metabolized into its metabolites. The total recovery of CYX and its main metabolites was >60% after each route. PO delivery suggesting first pass effect in cats that might make this route suitable for intestinal infection and IM injection could be better choice for systemic infections. Less ability of glucuronidation did not show any impact on CYX metabolism. The findings of present study provide detailed information for evaluation of CYX.
Fontan protein‐losing enteropathy is associated with advanced liver disease and a proinflammatory intestinal and systemic state
Authors: Rodríguez de Santiago Enrique , Téllez Luis , Garrido-Lestache Rodríguez-Monte Elvira , Garrido-Gómez Elena , Aguilera-Castro Lara , Álvarez-Fuente María , del Cerro María Jesús , Albillos Agustín 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsProtein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) after Fontan surgery carries significant morbimortality. Its pathophysiology and association with other Fontan complications are poorly understood. Our aims were to examine whether Fontan‐PLE is associated with greater liver damage and to assess the presence of systemic and intestinal inflammation.MethodsFontan patients with PLE and Fontan controls without PLE matched for age and Fontan surgery procedure were included. Data were prospectively compiled on blood and stool tests, liver imaging, elastography, cardiac‐MRI and cardiac catheterization.ResultsTwenty‐nine Fontan patients were enrolled (14 with PLE and 15 controls without PLE). Patients with PLE had more advanced liver disease estimated by non‐invasive methods: blunt liver margins on ultrasonography (71.4% vs 26.7%, P = .027), greater median liver stiffness (25.4 vs 14.5 kPa, P = .003) and higher FIB‐4 (P = .016). Portal hypertension‐related signs were more common in patients with PLE including ascites (P = .035), larger spleen size (P = .005), oesophageal varices/splanchnic collateral shunts (P = .03), higher liver stiffness‐spleen size‐to‐platelet ratio risk score (P < .001) and lower platelet count (P = .01). Systemic proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, interleukin‐6), biomarkers of intestinal permeability (intestinal fatty‐acid binding protein) and faecal calprotectin concentrations were also significantly increased in Fontan‐PLE (P < .05). Faecal calprotectin directly correlated with alpha‐1 antitrypsin clearance and inversely with cardiac index, total serum proteins and body mass index.ConclusionFontan‐PLE is associated with advanced liver disease and increased markers of systemic inflammation and intestinal permeability. Faecal calprotectin is elevated and correlates with Fontan‐PLE severity. Liver assessment is mandatory in all Fontan patients, and especially in those with PLE.
Pre‐pregnancy iodized salt improved children's cognitive development in randomized trial in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Husein , Marquis Grace S. , Aboud Frances , Bougma Karim , Samuel Aregash 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe overarching Ethiopia project examined the effects of early market introduction of iodized salt on the growth and mental development of young children. Sixty districts were randomly assigned to intervention (early market access to iodized salt) or control (later access through market forces), and one community per district was randomly chosen as the sampling unit. For this project, 22 of the districts were included. The participants were 1,220 pregnant women who conceived after the intervention began. When their children were 2 to 13 months old, field staff collected information on household sociodemographic status and iodized salt intake, child stimulation, maternal depression symptoms, children's diet, anthropometry, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), hemoglobin, and mental development scores (Bayley III scales). Fewer mothers prepartum (28% vs. 41%,p< .05) and their children (13% vs. 20%,p< .05) were iodine deficient (UIC <50 μg/L) in the intervention compared with the control group. The intervention children had higher cognitive scores (33.3 ± 0.3 vs. 32.6 ± 0.3; Δ = 0.6; 95% CI [0.0, 1.3];d= 0.17;p= .01; 4 IQ points) than their controls. The other Bayley subscale scores did not differ from control children. The intervention group had a higher child stimulation (22.7 ± 0.2 vs. 22.1 ± 0.2; Δ = 0.5; 95% CI [0.02, 0.89];d= 0.17;p= .01) but not growth indicators (weight‐for‐agezscore, length‐for‐agezscore, and weight‐for‐lengthzscore: −1.1 ± 0.1 vs. −1.1 ± 0.1, −1.7 ± 0.1 vs. −1.7 ± 0.1; −0.2 ± 0.1 vs. −0.1 ± 0.1, respectively, allp> .05) compared with their controls. Iodized salt intake improved iodine status of both pregnant women and their children and also child cognitive development.