bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ decellularization of a large animal saccular aneurysm model: sustained inflammation and active aneurysm wall remodeling
Authors: King Robert M , Caroff Jildaz , Langan Erin T , Leporati Anita , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Aurora , Raskett Christopher M , Gupta Suresh , Puri Ajit S , Caravan Peter , Gounis Matthew J , Bogdanov, Jr. Alexei A 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate in situ decellularization of a large animal model of saccular aneurysm as a strategy for achieving aneurysmal growth and lasting inflammation.Methods18 New Zealand White rabbits were randomized 2:1 to receive endoluminal sodium dodecyl sulfate infusion (SDS, 1% solution, 45 min) following elastase or elastase-only treatment (control). All aneurysms were measured by digital subtraction angiography every 2 weeks. Every 2 weeks, three of the rabbits (two elastase + SDS, one control) underwent MRI, followed by contrast injection with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-sensing contrast agent. MRI was repeated 3 hours after contrast injection and the enhancement ratio (ER) was calculated. Following MRI, aneurysms were explanted and subjected to immunohistopathology.ResultsDuring follow-up MRI, the average ER for SDS-treated animals was 1.63±0.20, compared with 1.01±0.06 for controls (p<0.001). The width of SDS-treated aneurysms increased significantly in comparison with the elastase aneurysms (47% vs 20%, p<0.001). Image analysis of thin sections showed infiltration of MPO-positive cells in decellularized aneurysms and surroundings through the 12-week observation period while control tissue had 5–6 times fewer cells present 2 weeks after aneurysm creation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of MPO-positive cells surrounding decellularized lesions at early time points. MPO-positive cells were found in the adventitia and in the thrombi adherent to the aneurysm wall at later time points.ConclusionsIn situ decellularization of a large animal model of saccular aneurysms reproduces features of unstable aneurysms, such as chronic inflammation (up to 12 weeks) and active aneurysm wall remodeling, leading to continued growth over 8 weeks.
Hemodynamics in aneurysm blebs with different wall characteristics
Authors: Salimi Ashkezari Seyedeh Fatemeh , Mut Fernando , Chung Bong Jae , Yu Alexander K , Stapleton Christopher J , See Alfred P , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T , Rezai Jahromi Behnam , Niemelä Mika , Frösen Juhana , Maiti Spandan , Robertson Anne M , Cebral Juan R 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundBlebs are important secondary structures of intracranial aneurysms associated with increased rupture risk and can affect local wall stress and hemodynamics. Mechanisms of bleb development and evolution are not clearly understood. We investigate the relationship between blebs with different wall characteristics and local hemodynamics and rupture sites.MethodsBlebs with different wall appearances in intra-operative videos were analyzed with image-based computational fluid dynamics. Thin red blebs were compared against thick atherosclerotic/hyperplastic white/yellow blebs. Rupture points were identified in videos of ruptured aneurysms harboring blebs.ResultsThin blebs tended to be closer to the inflow than atherosclerotic blebs of the same aneurysm (P=0.0234). Blebs near the inflow had higher velocity (P=0.0213), vorticity (P=0.0057), shear strain rate (P=0.0084), wall shear stress (WSS) (P=0.0085), and WSS gradient (P=0.0151) than blebs far from the inflow. In a subset of 12 ruptured aneurysms harboring blebs, rupture points were associated with thin blebs in 42% of aneurysms, atherosclerotic blebs in 25%, and were away from blebs in the remaining 33%.ConclusionsNot all blebs are equal; some have thin translucent walls while others have thick atherosclerotic walls. Thin blebs tend to be located closer to the inflow than atherosclerotic blebs. Blebs near the inflow are exposed to stronger flows with higher and spatially variable WSS than blebs far from the inflow which tend to have uniformly lower WSS. Aneurysms can rupture at thin blebs, atherosclerotic blebs, and even away from blebs. Further study of wall failure in aneurysms with different bleb types is needed.
Effective action from the functional renormalization group
Authors: Ohta Nobuyoshi , Rachwał Lesław 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the quantum gravitational system coupled to a charged scalar, Dirac fermions, and electromagnetic fields. We use the “exact” or “functional” renormalization group equation to derive the effective action $$\Gamma _0$$

Γ
0

by integrating the flow equation from the ultraviolet scale down to $$k=0$$

k
=
0

. The resulting effective action consists of local terms and nonlocal terms with unique coefficients.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants Across Kidney Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yao Xiaoxi , Inselman Jonathan W. , Ross Joseph S. , Izem Rima , Graham David J. , Martin David B. , Thompson Aliza M. , Ross Southworth Mary , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Ngufor Che G. , Nath Karl A. , Desai Nihar R. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Saran Rajiv , Shah Nilay D. , Noseworthy Peter A. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Patients with atrial fibrillation and severely decreased kidney function were excluded from the pivotal non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) trials, thereby raising questions about comparative safety and effectiveness in patients with reduced kidney function. The study aimed to compare oral anticoagulants across the range of kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results:

Using a US administrative claims database with linked laboratory data, 34 569 new users of oral anticoagulants with atrial fibrillation and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥15 mL/(min·1.73 m
2
) were identified between October 1, 2010 to November 29, 2017. The proportion of patients using NOACs declined with decreasing kidney function—73.5%, 69.6%, 65.4%, 59.5%, and 45.0% of the patients were prescribed a NOAC in estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90, 60 to 90, 45 to 60, 30 to 45, 15 to 30 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
groups, respectively. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance 4 treatment groups (apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin) on 66 baseline characteristics. In comparison to warfarin, apixaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57 [0.43–0.75];
P
<0.001), major bleeding (HR, 0.51 [0.44–0.61];
P
<0.001), and mortality (HR, 0.68 [0.56–0.83];
P
<0.001); dabigatran was associated with a similar risk of stroke but a lower risk of major bleeding (HR, 0.57 [0.43–0.75];
P
<0.001) and mortality (HR, 0.68 [0.48-0.98];
P
=0.04); rivaroxaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke (HR, 0.69 [0.51–0.94];
P
=0.02), major bleeding (HR, 0.84 [0.72–0.99];
P
=0.04), and mortality (HR, 0.73 [0.58–0.91];
P
=0.006). There was no significant interaction between treatment and estimated glomerular filtration rate categories for any outcome. When comparing one NOAC to another NOAC, there was no significant difference in mortality, but some differences existed for stroke or major bleeding. No relationship between treatments and falsification end points was found, suggesting no evidence for substantial residual confounding.

Conclusions:
Relative to warfarin, NOACs are used less frequently as kidney function declines. However, NOACs appears to have similar or better comparative effectiveness and safety across the range of kidney function.
Forty-Year Shifting Distribution of Systolic Blood Pressure With Population Hypertension Treatment and Control
Authors: Lackland Daniel T. , Howard Virginia J. , Cushman Mary , Oparil Suzanne , Kissela Brett , Safford Monika M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , McClure Leslie A. , Howard George 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control programs were initiated in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Whereas blood pressure (BP) control in the population and subsequent reduced hypertension-related disease risks have improved since the implementation of these interventions, it is unclear whether these BP changes can be generalized to diverse and high-risk populations. This report describes the 4-decade change in BP levels for the population in a high disease risk southeastern region of the United States. The objective is to determine the magnitude of the shift in systolic BP (SBP) among Blacks and Whites from the Southeast between 1960 and 2005 with the assessment of the unique population cohorts.

Methods:
A multicohort study design compared BPs from the CHS (Charleston Heart Study) and ECHS (Evans County Heart Study) in 1960 and the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) 4 decades later. The analyses included participants ≥45 years of age from CHS (n=1323), ECHS (n=1842), and REGARDS (n=6294) with the main outcome of SBP distribution.

Results:
Among Whites 45 to 54 years of age, the median SBP was 18 mm Hg (95% CI, 16–21 mm Hg) lower in 2005 than 1960. The median shift was a 45 mm Hg (95% CI, 37–51 mm Hg) decline for those ≥75 years of age. The shift was larger for Blacks, with median declines of 38 mm Hg (95% CI, 32–40 mm Hg) at 45 to 54 years of age and 50 mm Hg (95% CI, 33–60 mm Hg) for ages ≥75 years. The 95th percentile of SBP decreased 60 mm Hg for Whites and 70 mm Hg for Blacks.

Conclusions:
The results of the current analyses of the unique cohorts in the Southeast confirm the improvements in population SBP levels since 1960. This assessment provides new evidence of improvement in SBP, suggesting that strategies and programs implemented to improve hypertension treatment and control have been extraordinarily successful for both Blacks and Whites residing in a high-risk region of the United States. Severe BP elevations commonly observed in the 1960s have been nearly eliminated, with the current 75th percentile of BP generally less than the 25th percentile of BP in 1960.
An Ethnographic Study of Cross-Cultural Relations between China and Pakistan under the Umbrella of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Niazi Komal , Shoaib Muhammad , Khalid Azeem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cultural exchange between Pakistani and Chinese citizens increased after the launch of CPEC. Cooperation and understanding between the governments extended to collaboration and acceptance among the people. And people-to-people relations between the two sides strengthened. Students, artists, sportspersons, businesspeople, professionals, and workers travelled and developed a rapport with locals. A detailed study of the Sahiwal coal power plant and nearby villages, comprising data collection through fieldwork, shows that despite cultural diversity, managers and workers from both sides accepted the cultural diversity and worked for mutual benefit. People working at the power plant exchanged material and non-material cultures with each other that helped them manage cultural diversity. And they strengthened cross-cultural relations, for their exchanges were rewarding and mutually beneficial.
Applying Syed Hussein Alatas’s Ideas in Contemporary Malaysian Society
Authors: Alatas Sharifah Munirah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
What do Malaysians understand by the term, “intellectual”? Is the intellectual in the Malaysian context undefined, or insignificant? Do Malaysians see the need for intellectuals? Answers to these questions reflect the extant to which Malaysia has advanced in her post-colonial development. Amidst the race towards IR 4.0 and Society 5.0, Malaysia’s education system lags behind and leaders continue to be embroiled in identity politics. Syed Hussein Alatas, a world-renowned Malaysian intellectual, raised these questions in the 1950s. His writings focus on social change, corruption, and intellectual captivity. Even though his writings are easily accessible, his ideas have not been widely assimilated by Malaysia’s ruling elite, as part of the reform agenda. This article highlights the relevance of Alatas’s ideas in Malaysia’s current socio-political transformation. It concludes that leadership’s failure to identify relevant problems is because they have neglected the vital role of intellectuals, such as the critical ideas of Syed Hussein Alatas.
China’s Footprint in Africa’s Peace and Security: The Contending Views
Authors: Etyang Oita , Oswan Panyako Simon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
China’s role in the global peace politics has been transformed in the past two decades. Apart from its dominance in the economic realm, China has placed issues of peace and security at the centre of its foreign policy. In Africa, China has actively engaged in Africa’s peace and security agenda from opening a military base in Djibouti to participating and contributing to peace talks in South Sudan. Based on the emerging trends, it would appear that the long-cherished non-interference principle is undergoing a deliberate transformation given the emerging realities in the global geo-politics. It is based on this “paradigmatic shift” that this paper interrogates China’s role in Africa’s peace and security. The paper argues that China’s interest in Africa’s peace and security agenda is driven by economic and geo-political interests. The paper further discusses the role that China has played in military cooperation, peacekeeping, conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction in Africa using specific country case examples.
Religious Community Responses to the Public Policy of the Indonesian Government Related to the covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sukamto Amos , Panca Parulian S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze religious responses to the policy of Indonesian government in dealing with the covid-19 pandemic. Article 4 of Government Regulation (PP) No. 21/2020 mentions restrictions on religious activities. The response of the religious community to this government policy was varied. The Council of Indonesian Ulama, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (mui), issued several fatwas containing a ban on worship involving large numbers of people. A small group of fanatic Muslims initially opposed the policy, but eventually followed it. Among Protestants, the mainstream and Pentecostal churches under the Communion of Churches in Indonesia (pgi) are highly coordinated with government regulations. Some Pentecostal churches attempted to continue holding worship together for reasons of holy communion, but eventually they followed government regulations. The Catholic church followed government regulations consistently.
Religion, Law, State, and covid-19 in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Vietnamese state has issued numerous measures to prevent the spread of covid-19 in the country. This paper shows how the state used the law to manage religious activities for the purpose of public health during the epidemic. We argued that because of legal, institutional, and religious factors, the Vietnamese state was successful in establishing cooperation with religious organizations to implement measures restricting religious activities to limit the spread of the epidemic in the country.
Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gurvich Caroline , Thomas Natalie , Thomas Elizabeth HX , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Sood Lomash , Fabiatos Kali , Sutton Keith , Isaacs Anton , Arunogiri Shalini , Sharp Gemma , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: October 2020

Background: Psychosocial responses to infectious disease outbreaks have the potential to inflict acute and longstanding mental health consequences. Early research across the globe has found wide ranging psychological responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding how different coping styles can be effective in mitigating mental ill health would enable better tailored psychological support. Aims: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of psychosocial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including depression, anxiety and distress, as well as effective coping styles in an Australian sample. Method: A sample of 1,495 adults, residing in Australia between April 3rd and May 3rd 2020, completed an online survey which measured psychological distress (Impact of Events Scale-Revised), depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-21), as well as coping strategies (Brief COPE). Results: 47% of the respondents were experiencing some degree of psychological distress. Females experienced higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than males. Coping strategies associated with better mental health were positive reframing, acceptance and humour. Conversely, self-blame, venting, behavioural disengagement and self-distraction were associated with poorer mental health. Conclusion: Rates of psychological symptoms amongst the Australian population are similar to those reported in other countries. Findings add to the growing literature demonstrating a gender disparity in the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Positive emotion focused coping strategies may be effective for reducing psychological symptoms. Understanding psychosocial responses including beneficial coping strategies are crucial to manage the current COVID-19 situation optimally, as well as to develop mental health response plans for future pandemics.
“Accessories included”: Armed Christians and the mythos of heroic violence
Authors: Utter Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2020

The myth of the “good guy with a gun” is a seductive one for Americans, who cite self-defense as the foremost reason for gun ownership, and Pew data show that white, self-identified evangelicals are more likely than members of other faith groups or the average citizen to own and carry a gun. This fantasy of the individual hero’s efficacy is enticing but, I argue, incoherent. Through comparison of past and present Southern Baptist Convention resolutions on gun violence and a close reading of gun rights advocacy rhetoric, I show how biblical language and heroic biblical exemplars are exploited to fuse fantasies of highly individualistic, personal power with a glorification of national power. The iconography of gun manufacturer merchandise perpetrates a misreading of history and Scripture, and, at least implicitly, of medieval romantic texts, as well. Careful attention to gun manufacturer advertising iconography, and to the medieval textual tradition that it appropriates, reveals a warning that the self-authorized hero, lethally “accessorized,” is as likely to threaten the safety of the community he serves as to guard it.
‘Maranga Ake Ai’ The Heroics of Constitutionalising Te Tiriti O Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ruru Jacinta , Kohu-Morris Jacobi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 1840, some of the sovereign nations of Māori signed te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Māori language version of the Treaty of Waitangi) with the British Crown. Hone Heke was the first Māori leader of the northern nation of Ngāpuhi to sign, but by 1844 he was leading a significant revolt against British colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand by chopping down British flagpoles erected on his lands. While Māori may have initially welcomed the intent of te Tiriti as a means for seeking British help to protect their international borders, the British prioritised the English version of the Treaty which recorded the transfer of sovereignty from Māori to the British. As the British transposed their dominant legal traditions of governance, including bringing to the fore their doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, Māori have been seeking their survival ever since. We extend this by focusing on why the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty needs to adapt to the Treaty’s promise of bicultural power sharing.
Trauma symptoms contribute to daily experiential avoidance: Does partner support mitigate risk?
Authors: Franz Molly R. , Brock Rebecca L. , DiLillo David 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present study examined the protective role of partner support in reducing daily experiential avoidance (EA) associated with trauma symptoms in a sample of 154 couples during pregnancy. Background: Although psychological distress during pregnancy may hinder the developing bond between parents and infants after birth, high quality intimate partner support has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, particularly in the context of trauma. Specifically, partner support might mitigate the impact of trauma symptoms on maladaptive coping strategies such as EA by enabling individuals to safely encounter their distress. Method: Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview of support and a PTSD symptom inventory, followed by home surveys of EA over 14 days. We examined growth trajectories of EA over 14 days using latent trajectory modeling within a dyadic framework. Results: Trauma symptom severity was associated with higher levels of EA across the 2 weeks; however, among women, the impact of trauma symptoms on EA was no longer significant when support from a partner was above average quality or higher. Findings also revealed partner effects; to the extent that women reported higher levels of trauma symptoms, their partners had higher levels of EA. Conclusion: Findings highlight the protective role of high quality support from intimate partners and suggest that trauma-related interventions targeting partner support processes, especially those implemented during pregnancy, might enhance recovery and prevent further distress and dysfunction among pregnant women experiencing trauma symptoms.
Robot-assisted training after proximal humeral fracture: A randomised controlled multicentre intervention trial
Authors: Kröger Inga , Nerz Corinna , Schwickert Lars , Schölch Sabine , Müßig Janina Anna , Studier-Fischer Stefan , Nolte Philip-Christian , Becker Clemens , Augat Peter 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To examine whether robotic-assisted training as a supplement to usual therapy is safe, acceptable and improves function and patient reported outcome after proximal humeral fractures (PHF). Design: Multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled prospective trial. Setting: Three different rehabilitation hospitals in Germany. Subjects: In total 928 PHF patients between 35 and 70 years were screened. Forty-eight participants were included in the study (intervention group n = 23; control group n = 25). Intervention: The control group received usual occupational and physiotherapy over three weeks, and the intervention group received additional 12 robot-assisted training sessions at the ARMEO®-Spring. Main measures: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), the Wolf Motor Function Test-Orthopaedic, active range of motion and grip strength were determined before and after intervention period. The DASH was additionally obtained postal 6 and 13 months following surgery. Results: The mean age of participants was 55 ± 10 years and was similar in both groups ( p > 0.05). The change in DASH as the primary endpoint in the intervention group after intervention was −15 (CI = 8–22), at follow-up six month −7 (CI = −2 to 16) at follow up 13 month −9 (CI = 1–16); in control group −14 (CI = 11–18), at follow-up six month −13 (CI = 7–19) at follow up 13 month −6 (CI = −3 to 14). No difference in the change was found between groups ( p > 0.05). None of the follow-up time points demonstrated an additional benefit of the robotic therapy. Conclusion: The additional robot-assisted therapy was safe, acceptable but showed no improvement in functional shoulder outcome compared to usual therapy only.