bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Works of Graham Greene, Volume 2
Authors: Wise Jon , Hill Mike 
Published: September 2020

Over a 60-year career, Graham Greene was a prolific writer. While his published works established him as one of the great writers of the twentieth century, much of his writing was never to see the light of day and has been gathered together in a number of archives across the UK, Ireland, USA and Canada
The second volume of The Works of Graham Greene is a comprehensive guide to the archives of Greene’s writing. The book details archival holdings of unpublished novels, short stories, plays, film scripts, journals, poetry, fragments of writing, and letters, as well as manuscripts and typescripts of published works. Analysing and contextualising the unpublished work, the book is fully cross-referenced throughout and includes a substantial index as well as practical guidance for students, scholars and researchers on accessing and making the most of each of the archives.
Prácticas mercadológicas de los emprendedores artesanales y textiles de los municipios de Antiguo Cuscatlán y Santa Tecla
Authors: Guevara Jaime 
Published: September 2020

The study of "Marketing strategies used by small entrepreneurs to promote their products" seeks to identify the entrepreneurial marketing practice in Antiguo Cuscatlán and Santa Tecla, and to carry out an analysis of the way in which entrepreneurs develop said practice. Marketing planning is a fundamental strategic element for the projection and effective communication of the products and services of any company or business. Marketing planning requires a knowledge of the market based on a clear segmentation and the identification of those factors that allow creating an innovative and attractive value proposition for the different segments. A fundamental factor analyzed is the vacuum and the need to strengthen the capacities of entrepreneurs in the marketing area, with the aim of making the effort and investment more effective made to publicize their products. The following is an analysis of the entrepreneurial marketing practice based on the planning and development of the market mix: product, price, place and promotion, by the entrepreneurs.
Realidad Empresarial No. 9, 2020: 15-24
Publieke waarden of publiek conflict: democratische grondslagen voor de slimme stad
Authors: van Zoonen Liesbet 
Published: September 2020

Public values or public conflict: democratic foundations for the smart city
Public values and citizen participation are key terms in smart city discourse that are propagated by all its actors, from governments to corporations and civil society. Nevertheless, the design and development of smart cities are hardly ‘public’ as some publics and some forms of participation are never included. This is particularly visible in current protests against a key enabling technology for smart cities, 5G. These contestations tend to be considered ill-informed and irrational, while their methods are seen as conflictual rather than helpful. In this article the author argues that the public value approach to smart cities is rooted in a deliberative perspective of democracy, while the tensions that are produced by 5G and other forms of anti-technological protest are better understood as part of agonistic democracy. Such conflicts about the new smart technologies that are currently hidden from public sight need to be articulated and constructed as contentious issues for electoral politics, in order for the smart city to acquire its democratic legitimacy.
Humanismo em Tempos Sombrios
Authors: Magalhães José Luiz Quadros de , Oliveira Patrícia Miranda Pereira de 
Published: September 2020

O ensaio reflete sobre as construções modernas em torno da palavra humanismo, e como a racionalidade construída a partir da construção do atual sistema mundo colonial exclui em momentos variados parcelas expressivas da população encobertas por nomes inventados como índios e negros. Construindo uma crítica à modernidade, o texto procura identificar os movimentos de superação das formas de exclusão moderna, trazendo uma reflexão crítica a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial, analisando ainda a importante iniciativa do Papa Francisco ao estabelecer um diálogo com essas novas perspectivas na realização do Sínodo da Amazônia e a construção do conceito de um humanismo integrado à natureza
Predicting CoVID-19 community mortality risk using machine learning and development of an online prognostic tool
Authors: Das Ashis Kumar , Mishra Shiba , Saraswathy Gopalan Saji 
Published: September 2020

Background
The recent pandemic of CoVID-19 has emerged as a threat to global health security. There are very few prognostic models on CoVID-19 using machine learning.

Objectives
To predict mortality among confirmed CoVID-19 patients in South Korea using machine learning and deploy the best performing algorithm as an open-source online prediction tool for decision-making.

Materials and Methods
Mortality for confirmed CoVID-19 patients (n = 3,524) between January 20, 2020 and May 30, 2020 was predicted using five machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, K nearest neighbor, random forest and gradient boosting). The performance of the algorithms was compared, and the best performing algorithm was deployed as an online prediction tool.

Results
The logistic regression algorithm was the best performer in terms of discrimination (area under ROC curve = 0.830), calibration (Matthews Correlation Coefficient = 0.433; Brier Score = 0.036) and. The best performing algorithm (logistic regression) was deployed as the online CoVID-19 Community Mortality Risk Prediction tool named CoCoMoRP (https://ashis-das.shinyapps.io/CoCoMoRP/).

Conclusions
We describe the development and deployment of an open-source machine learning tool to predict mortality risk among CoVID-19 confirmed patients using publicly available surveillance data. This tool can be utilized by potential stakeholders such as health providers and policymakers to triage patients at the community level in addition to other approaches.
Chemical Profiling of Roasted Mustard Oils of Khokana, Nepal
Authors: Dangol Sabita , Khanal Sumnath , Satyal Prabodh , Adhikari Achyut 
Published: September 2020

Background: Khokana, commonly known as “the living museum” of Nepal is famous for “the roasted mustard oil”. People have been using oil for a long time ago and it is trusted that roasted mustard oil has many health benefits. Detail chemical profiling of roasted mustard oil of Khokana has not been reported yet.
Objectives: Detail chemical profiling of roasted mustard oil and chemical variations in different seeds available for roasting.
Methods: Three different roasted mustard oils (Nepali, Indian, and other origins seeds) were taken for chemical profiling of oil. The GC/MS of all samples was analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Ultra.
Results: The GC/MS of all samples were carried out and the GC-MS analysis revealed that Nepali (brown seed) and other origins (yellow seed) sample showed erucic acid as a major compound with almost 40-50%. Nepali oil showed gamma-tocopherol (<1%) which is a potent antioxidant. Whereas Indian mustard (black seed) oil showed cis-oleic acid as a major compound with 50-60% and Erucic acid was below 1% in Indian seed oil.
Bayesian Approach in Estimation of Shape Parameter of an Exponential Inverse Exponential Distribution
Authors: Sule Bashiru Omeiza , Adegoke Taiwo Mobolaji 
Published: September 2020

Aims: This study aimed to obtain the shape parameter of an Exponential Inverted Exponential distribution using different prior distributions under different loss functions.
Methodology: The Bayes’ theorem was adopted to obtain the posterior distribution of the shape parameter of an Exponential inverted Exponential distribution for both non-information prior (such as Jeffreys prior, Hartigen prior and Uniform prior) and an informative prior (such as Gamma distribution and chi-square distribution). Different loss functions (such as Entropy loss function, Square error loss function, Al-Bayyati’s loss function and Precautionary loss function) were employed to obtain the estimate parameter of the shape parameter with an assumption that the scale parameter is known.
Results: The posterior distribution of the shape parameter of an Exponential Inverted Exponential distribution follows a Gamma distribution for all the prior distribution in the study. Also the Bayes estimate for the simulated datasets and real life dataset were obtained.
Conclusion: The Bayes’ estimates for different prior distribution under different loss functions are close to the true parameter value of the shape parameter. The estimators are then compared in terms of their Mean Square Error (MSE) which is computed using R programming language. We deduce that the MSE reduces as the sample size (n) increases.
COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention: A Review
Authors: Chatterjee Soumik , Chatterjee Sabyasachi 
Published: September 2020

Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated from species of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world. In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M. COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require. A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention.
Evaluation of Yields of Selected Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L) Varieties in a Humid Environment
Authors: Nwonuala A. I. , Gbaraneh L. D. 
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed to evaluate the yield performance of 12 varieties of upland rice and to assess the agronomic traits that contribute to yield performance of these varieties. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The twelve varieties which made up the twelve treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The experimental site was loamy sand, medium acidic with the soil pH reduced in the second cropping season (pH 4.9 in 2012; and pH 4.8 in 2013). The varieties differed significantly amongst themselves in panicle weight, number of fertile spikelets, grain length/breath ratio, 1000 grain weight in 2012 and 2013 planting and grain yield in 2012 planting season. The ITA 321 had the highest yield of 10300.33 kg/ha in 2012 and 10533.33 kg/ha in 2013 followed by NERICA 1 having 9066.67 kg/ha (2012) and 9133.33 kg/ha (2013). The NERICA 2,3,4,5 and 6 also belonged to the high yielding group while APO, Vandana, IR68 and ITA 150 recorded lower yields. Results of this evaluation have shown that ITA 321 and NERICA 1 can be grown in the tropical rainforest zone for paddy grain yield rather than ITA 150 which are already in use in this agro-ecological zone. They are recommended also for adoption and use in rice production instead of the popular ITA 150.
Determinants of the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Influence of Contextual Factors in Early Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Hirano Fumio , Landewé Robert B. M. , van Gaalen Floris A. , van der Heijde Désirée , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate determinants of the physician global assessment (PhGA) of disease activity and the influence of the contextual factors on this relationship in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsFive‐year data of DESIR, a cohort of early axial SpA, were analyzed. Univariable generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to investigate contributory explanatory effects of various potential determinants of PhGA. Effect modification by contextual factors (age, sex, and educational level) was tested, and if significant, models were stratified. Autoregressive GEE models (i.e., models adjusted for PhGA at the previous time point) were used to confirm a longitudinal relationship.ResultsA total of 708 patients were included. Higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index individual questions, swollen joint count in 28 joints (SJC28), tender joint count in 53 joints, Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index score were associated with a higher PhGA. Sex and age were effect modifiers of SJC28; the contributory effect of SJC28 was largest in the younger male stratum (β = 1.07 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.71, 1.43]), and the smallest in the older female stratum (β = 0.13 [95% CI 0.04, 0.22]). Autoregressive GEE models revealed the same determinants as having a longitudinal association with PhGA and the same pattern of effect modification.ConclusionPatients’ subjective symptoms, peripheral arthritis and enthesitis, higher CRP level, and impaired spinal mobility contribute to explaining PhGA in patients with early axial SpA, irrespective of sex and age. Intriguingly, physicians consider the presence of swollen joints as more important in males than in females.
Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire as an Effective Tool to Screen for Depression in Routine Rheumatology Care
Authors: Morlà Rosa M. , Li Tengfei , Castrejon Isabel , Luta George , Pincus Theodore 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) to screen for depression, as compared to 2 reference standards, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression domain (HADS‐D).MethodsPatients from Barcelona with a primary diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthritis (SpA) completed the MDHAQ, the PHQ‐9 (depression ≥10), and the HADS‐D (depression ≥8) measures. The MDHAQ includes 2 depression items, 1 in the patient‐friendly HAQ, scored in a 4‐point format from 0 to 3.3, and a yes/no item on a 60‐symptom checklist. Percentage agreement and kappa statistics quantified the agreement between 6 screening criteria: yes on the 60‐symptom checklist, a score of ≥1.1, a score of ≥2.2 on a 4‐point scale, and either a response of yes on the 60‐symptom checklist or scores of ≥2.2, PHQ‐9 ≥10, and HADS‐D ≥8.ResultsDepression screening was positive according to 6 criteria in 19.6–32.4% of 102 patients with RA, and 27.9–44.8% of 68 with SpA (total = 170). All MDHAQ scores, including depression items, were higher in patients with SpA compared to patients with RA, and within each diagnostic group in patients who met PHQ‐9 ≥10 and HADS‐D ≥8 depression screening criteria. The highest percentage agreement between an MDHAQ screening criterion versus PHQ‐9 ≥10 was 83.3% for either an answer of yes on the 60‐symptom checklist or a score of ≥2.2 on a 4‐point scale, which we have termed MDHAQ‐Dep. The agreement of MDHAQ‐Dep versus HADS‐D ≥8 was 81.7%, similar to the agreement of PHQ‐9 ≥10 versus HADS‐D ≥8, which was 82.2%. Kappa measures of agreement were 0.63 for MDHAQ‐Dep versus PHQ‐9 ≥10, 0.60 for MDHAQ‐Dep versus HADS‐D ≥8, and 0.62 for PHQ‐9 ≥10 versus HADS‐D ≥8.ConclusionA positive MDHAQ‐Dep response (either an answer of yes on a 60‐symptom checklist or a score of ≥2.2 on a 4‐point scale) yielded similar results to PHQ‐9 ≥10 or HADS‐D ≥8 to screen for depression in these RA and SpA patients.
Metabolism Balance Regulation via Antagonist‐Functionalized Injectable Microsphere for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration
Authors: Xu Yichang , Gu Yong , Cai Feng , Xi Kun , Xin Tianwen , Tang Jincheng , Wu Liang , Wang Zhen , Wang Fei , Deng Lianfu , Pereira Catarina Leite , Sarmento Bruno , Cui Wenguo , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntagonist therapy represents a potential treatment for extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolic imbalance via the specific binding of inflammatory factors resulting from inflammation. However, the short half‐life of antagonist bioactivity creates challenges for their clinical application. Herein, bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BNP) encapsulating recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type II (rhsTNFRII) are grafted onto microfluidic poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) porous microspheres through chemical bonds, constructing antagonist‐functionalized injectable porous microspheres (MS‐BNP) for in situ injection into the nucleus pulposus (NP), aimed at regulating the metabolic balance of ECM, thus inhibiting intervertebral disc degeneration. Several binding sites within the BNPs improve encapsulation efficiency, promote the sustained release of rhsTNFRII, and regulate ECM metabolism in the NP. Moreover, PLLA porous microspheres display excellent injectability and porosity and demonstrate efficient and uniform loading of nanoparticles through chemical grafting. By delivering MS‐BNP into the NP, a suitable environment is created in situ. Immunohistochemical analysis at 4 and 8 weeks shows that compared with other experimental groups, the expression of TNF‐α is significantly inhibited for 6.11–15.65 folds and 4.59–22.14 folds, respectively, and a significant regeneration in NP occurred. This work proposes a novel porous microsphere therapy functionalized by antagonist molecules for the treatment of ECM metabolic disorders, caused by chronic inflammatory responses.
Redox MXene Artificial Synapse with Bidirectional Plasticity and Hypersensitive Responsibility
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Yu Haiyang , Gong Jiangdong , Ma Mingxue , Han Hong , Ni Yao , Zhang Shuo , Xu Wentao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial synapses are key elements for the nervous system which is an emulation of sensory and motor neuron signal transmission. Here, the design and fabrication of redox‐behavior the metal carbide nanosheets, termed MXene artificial synapse, which uses a highly‐conductive MXene electrode, are reported. Benefiting from the special working mechanism of ion migration with adsorption and insertion, the device achieves world‐record power consumption (460 fW) of two‐terminal synaptic devices, and so far, the bidirectionally functioned synaptic device could effectively respond to ultra‐small stimuli at an amplitude of ±80 mV, even exceeding that of a biological synapse. Potential applications have also been demonstrated, such as dendritic integration and memory enhancement. The special strategy and superior electrical characteristics of the bidirectionally functioned electronic device pave the way to high‐power‐efficiency brain‐inspired electronics and artificial peripheral systems.
Bioinspired Design of Graphene‐Based Materials
Authors: Christian Meganne , Mazzaro Raffaello , Morandi Vittorio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt can be difficult to know where to begin when considering the research opportunities of a material with such outstanding potential as graphene. When searching for a “killer application,” the researcher often neglects to query the world around them, forgetting that nature has been evolving for billions of years to elegantly solve every day problems. Bioinspiration is an intelligent strategy to nucleate new ideas and speed up the innovation process by providing ready‐made prototypes. Graphene is uniquely placed to take advantage of this approach thanks to its superlative properties and versatile nature. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art in the bioinspired design of graphene‐based materials has been analyzed, and three distinct sources of inspiration have been identified: natural functions, such as adhesion and actuation; natural structures, such as layers and pores; and natural processes, such as surface functionalization and biomineralization. Implementing this philosophy into further graphene research will provide new ways to solve problems and suggest novel applications that may not otherwise be considered.
Mimicking the Nitric Oxide‐Releasing and Glycocalyx Functions of Endothelium on Vascular Stent Surfaces
Authors: Lyu Nan , Du Zeyu , Qiu Hua , Gao Peng , Yao Qin , Xiong Kaiqin , Tu Qiufen , Li Xiangyang , Chen Binghai , Wang Miao , Pan Guoqing , Huang Nan , Yang Zhilu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEndothelium can secrete vasoactive mediators and produce specific extracellular matrix, which contribute jointly to the thromboresistance and regulation of vascular cell behaviors. From a bionic point of view, introducing endothelium‐like functions onto cardiovascular stents represents the most effective means to improve hemocompatibility and reduce late stent restenosis. However, current surface strategies for vascular stents still have limitations, like the lack of multifunctionality, especially the monotony in endothelial‐mimic functions. Herein, a layer‐by‐layer grafting strategy to create endothelium‐like dual‐functional surface on cardiovascular scaffolds is reported. Typically, a nitric oxide (NO, vasoactive mediator)‐generating compound and an endothelial polysaccharide matrix molecule hyaluronan (HA) are sequentially immobilized on allylamine‐plasma‐deposited stents through aqueous amidation. In this case, the stents could be well‐engineered with dual endothelial functions capable of remote and close‐range regulation of the vascular microenvironment. The synergy of NO and endothelial glycocalyx molecules leads to efficient antithrombosis, smooth muscle cell (SMC) inhibition, and perfect endothelial cell (EC)‐compatibility of the stents in vitro. Moreover, the dual‐functional stents show efficient antithrombogenesis ex vivo, rapid endothelialization, and long‐term prevention of restenosis in vivo. Therefore, this study will provide new solutions for not only multicomponent surface functionalization but also the bioengineering of endothelium‐mimic vascular scaffolds with improved clinical outcomes.