bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Predator Type and Risk Level in Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Through Visual and Auditory Cues
Authors: Zuo Taijun , Wang Jiaojiao , Liu Jiangnan , Liu Jianping , Zhou Qindong , Hou Jianhua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPredation events are an important key factor determining the survival and reproduction of prey species. To cope, prey species have evolved various anti‐predator strategies, including mechanisms for accurate predator identification and distinguishing predator types and risk levels. Birds rely on visual, auditory, and olfactory cues to perceive and categorize predators. However, previous studies have focused on single sensory modalities and have largely been conducted during breeding seasons. Thus, analyses of the accuracy and differences in predator recognition cues, especially during non‐breeding periods, are needed. In this study, predator recognition in Azure‐winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) was evaluated during the non‐breeding season. We examined responses to two predators, Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Domestic Cat (Felis catus), and two non‐predators, Oriental Magpie (Pica serica) and Oriental Turtle Dove (Streptopelia orientalis). Using specimens and playback experiment, the ability of Azure‐winged magpies to identify threats through both visual and auditory cues was evaluated. The results showed that Azure‐winged Magpies can identify predator types through both visual and auditory cues, accurately distinguish threat levels, and adjust their foraging behavior accordingly. Notably, they exhibited the strongest anti‐predator response to Domestic Cats (frequently encountered under natural conditions), as evidenced by longer observation times, shorter foraging duration, and quicker flight responses. The results indicate that Azure‐winged Magpies can correctly identify predator types and threat levels through both visual and auditory cues and exhibit stronger anti‐predator behaviors with increasing apparent threat levels.
Flexible ionic‐gel synapse devices and their applications in neuromorphic system
Authors: Huang Fengchang , Sun Xidi , Shi Yi , Pan Lijia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiological neural systems, composed of neurons and synaptic networks, exhibit exceptional capabilities in signal transmission, processing, and integration. Inspired by the mechanisms of these systems, researchers have been dedicated to developing artificial neural systems based on flexible synaptic devices that effectively mimic the functions of biological synapses, providing hardware support for the advancement of artificial intelligence. In recent years, ionic gels, known for their high ionic conductivity and intuitive synaptic mimicry, have been utilized in the development of ionic‐gel synapses (IGSs). They are considered ideal materials for the next wearable generation of neuromorphic systems. This review introduces IGS devices and summarizes the recent progress in flexible IGS‐based neuromorphic systems. Additionally, key challenges and future development prospects related to flexible IGSs are outlined, and potential suggestions are provided.
Mentalizing About Dynamic Social Action Sequences Is Supported by the Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Neocortex: A Meta‐Analysis of Activation and Connectivity
Authors: Van Overwalle Frank , Heleven Elien , Haihambo Naem , Li Meijia , Ma Qianying , Pu Min , Baeken Chris , Deroost Natacha , Baetens Kris 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe posterior cerebellum and anterior basal ganglia are critical subcortical structures for learning and identifying dynamic action sequences, in concert with the neocortex. The present analysis investigates the role of action sequences during social mentalizing, termed here dynamic or sequential social mentalizing. Although the role of the cerebellum in dynamic social mentalizing was extensively investigated during the last decade, the basal ganglia were long ignored. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of sequential social mentalizing tasks (with 485 participants in 17 studies). These tasks required participants to make social mentalizing inferences ranging from low‐level goals to high‐level beliefs and traits, while either memorizing, generating or predicting temporal sequences of the social actions involved (i.e., social sequencing condition), or not (i.e., social non‐sequencing control condition), or did so for nonsocial objects (i.e., nonsocial sequencing control condition). The tasks also occasionally included inconsistencies in social behavior. Results revealed that the cerebellum exhibited a preference for social, sequencing, and inconsistent information, while the basal ganglia showed a preference for sequencing and inconsistency, without a general preference for social input. Meta‐analytic connectivity analysis further showed evidence of coactivation between mentalizing areas of the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral neocortex. The present work underscores the role of subcortical structures in social mentalizing about dynamic action sequences.
Adult anterior sacral myelomeningocele associated with a didelphys uterus: A rare case report presentation
Authors: Fakih Chadi , Fakih Fadi , Khairallah Mayssaloon , Trad Maha , Hijazi Madiha , Saad Jacqueline , Mourad Youmna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnterior spinal myelomeningocele (ASM) is a rare congenital anomaly which may remain asymptomatic until adulthood. This anomaly may reveal in different presentations causing in its turn a diagnostic dilemma. Definitive diagnosis is usually made through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and when an association with other abnormalities can be found, especially ones including the genitourinary system. Through this case report, we present an extremely rare case of an anterior sacral myelomeningocele associated with a didelphys uterus diagnosed in an adult female.
Pricing Power Conflict and Cooperation Strategies of Competing Two‐Sided Platforms: Impact of the Differentiated Value‐Added Services and Cross‐Network Effects
Authors: Zeng Huabao , Shu Tong , Yu Yue , Li Jinhong , Wang Shouyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSince pricing power plays a pivot role in platforms' pricing strategies and services investment, thereby influencing the competitive landscape between the two platforms. This study investigates the pricing power preferences within a two‐sided manufacturing platform ecosystem, where a large‐scale platform (platform L) competes with a small‐specialized platform (platform R) for bilateral users through differentiated value‐added services (VAS) level. Both platforms exhibit cross‐network externality and engage in pricing power competition. Three endogenous pricing power modes are available, including horizontal Nash (mode B), platform L‐price‐leader Stackelberg (mode L), and platform R‐price‐leader Stackelberg (mode R). The optimal solutions under each mode and characterize the equilibrium evolution of pricing power preferences are derived. Findings reveal that at the low VAS level stage for platform L, mode R realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is low; mode L realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is high. At the high VAS level stage for platform L, mode L realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is high; mode R realizes equilibrium only when the hassle cost is low and cross‐network externality is in a high range. Notably, competing platforms will trap into the pricing power conflict when both platforms strategically second moves in announcing prices. Therefore, this study proposes two feasible strategies for platform cooperation: joint revenue and VAS cost‐sharing and transfer payment. These strategies can reach a “win–win” outcome when sharing ratios are moderate or payment meets suitable thresholds. This study not only enhances the theory of two‐sided markets but also provides strategic guidance for platform competition and cooperation.
Virtual imaging trials in medicine: A brief takeaway of the lessons from the first international summit
Authors: Samei Ehsan , Abadi Ehsan , Bakic Predrag , Bliznakova Kristina , Bosmans Hilde , Carton Ann‐Katherine , Frangi Alejandro F. , Glick Stephen , Lo Joseph Y. , Kinahan Paul , Maidment Andrew , Ria Francesco , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Segars William Paul , Tanaka Rie , Vancoillie Liesbeth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid advancement of medical technologies presents significant challenges for researchers and practitioners. While traditional clinical trials remain the gold standard, they are often limited by high costs, lengthy durations, and ethical constraints. In contrast, in‐silico trials and digital twins have emerged not only as efficient and ethical alternatives but also as a complementary technology that can extend beyond classical trials to predict and design new strategies. The successful application of digital twins in industries like nuclear energy, automotive engineering, and aviation underscores their potential in human health.MethodsIn April 2024, Duke University hosted the first international summit on Virtual Imaging Trials in Medicine (VITM). The summit brought together over 130 experts from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to discuss the latest developments, challenges, and future directions in this field. The event featured plenary speakers, presentations, and panel discussions, emphasizing the integration of clinical and in‐silico methods to enhance medical evaluations.ResultsKey takeaways included the necessity of diverse and realistic digital patient representations, the integration of physics and biology in simulations, and the development of robust validation frameworks. The summit also highlighted the importance of regulatory science and the establishment of Good Simulation Practices to ensure the credibility and reliability of virtual trials.ConclusionThe key discussions and insights from the VITM summit underscore the potential of in‐silico trials to revolutionize medical research and patient care through personalized, efficient, and ethical evaluation methods. The collaborative efforts and recommendations from this summit aim to drive future advancements in virtual imaging trials in medicine.
Sensitivity Analysis on Policy‐Augmented Graphical Hybrid Models With Shapley Value Estimation
Authors: Zhao Junkai , Xie Wei , Luo Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDriven by the critical challenges in biomanufacturing, including high complexity and high uncertainty, we propose a comprehensive and computationally efficient sensitivity analysis framework for general nonlinear policy‐augmented knowledge graphical (pKG) hybrid models that characterize the risk‐ and science‐based understandings of underlying stochastic decision process mechanisms. The criticality of each input (i.e., random factors, policy parameters, and model parameters) is measured by applying Shapley value (SV) sensitivity analysis to pKG (called SV‐pKG), accounting for process causal interdependences. To quickly assess the SV for heavily instrumented bioprocesses, we approximate their dynamics with linear Gaussian pKG models and improve the SV estimation efficiency by utilizing the linear Gaussian properties. In addition, we propose an effective permutation sampling method with TFWW transformation and variance reduction techniques, namely the quasi‐Monte Carlo and antithetic sampling methods, to further improve the sampling efficiency and estimation accuracy of SV for both general nonlinear and linear Gaussian pKG models. Our proposed framework can benefit efficient interpretation and support stable optimal process control in biomanufacturing.
(Re) growing plant awareness: A Delphi study
Authors: Dünser Benno , Möller Andrea , Anđić Branko , Lampert Peter , Bergmann‐Gering Alexander , Pany Peter 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementWithout a robust construct, it is currently difficult for researchers to systematically assess and facilitate a societal shift toward greater plant awareness. Using a Delphi study, we take a first step towards such construct by developing a definition and testable dimensions. This paper proposes a first expert validated definition and three distinct dimensions that allow researchers to assess plant awareness and to identify and compare key influences on the construct across different socio‐cultural groups. With this improved framework, research can support initiatives to promote plant awareness in society, a critical step in addressing challenges such as the climate crisis.Summary
Research on plant blindness, plant awareness disparity, and plant awareness is currently separated using different terminologies. Having different terms for the same construct is disadvantageous for research, as ambiguous constructs can lead to important research being overlooked.
In this study, we aim to provide a solution to this challenge by applying a Delphi study to integrate previous concepts into the new comprehensive construct of plant awareness. Delphi is a state‐of‐the‐art method for reaching reliable expert consensus on multidisciplinary issues with its key features of anonymity, iterative questioning and feedback. Focusing on the methodology, we provide a transparent, and detailed, overview of how we applied this method to reach consensus on the plant awareness construct.
As an outcome of our Delphi study, we provide an expert validated definition of plant awareness that is based on previous constructs, research, and expert consensus. This definition constitutes three key dimensions: attention, understanding, and attitudes. Experts found consensus on these three dimensions, their definition, and how increased plant awareness is expressed in relation to each of the dimensions. Finally, we identified several factors that are key to raising plant awareness.
This validated definition alongside the differentiation of the three dimensions not only assists comprehension of previous research but for the first time opens the possibility of developing a valid and reliable tool to assess an individual's plant awareness. Therefore, this study significantly contributes to promoting research on plant awareness and consequently, towards fostering plant awareness as a common global goal.
Addition of ammonium polyphosphate for simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of PALF‐reinforced bio‐HDPE composite
Authors: Singh Aditya Pratap , Singh Manoj Kumar , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Pathak Himanshu , Zafar Sunny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work is focused on reducing the flammability of 25 wt.% pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)‐reinforced bio‐based high‐density polyethylene (bio‐HDPE) composites. Varying contents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) up to 10 wt.%, have been incorporated as a flame retardant while its effects on mechanical and viscoelastic properties are also evaluated. The linear burning rate is reduced by up to 26% for 10% APP content in the horizontal burn test. The incorporation of APP also proved beneficial in arresting the dripping of the polymer matrix during the vertical burn test. Thermal analysis showed that the interaction between APP and natural fibers enhanced the residual char content by up to 9%. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the damping factor (loss tangent) with APP addition. The findings recommend incorporating up to 5% APP in PALF/Bio‐HDPE composites as optimum. PALF‐reinforced Bio‐HDPE composite with improved flame retardancy, mechanical, and damping properties is achieved, offering an alternative to conventional composites used in automobile and construction industries.Highlights
Flame‐retardant composites made from 25% PALF and 10% APP.
10% APP base composite showed a 26% reduced UL 94 horizontal burning rate.
APP incorporation increases residual char content and prevents dripping also.
APP enhances both the mechanical properties and damping factor of composites.
Rethinking Algorithmic Explainability Through the Lenses of Intellectual Property and Competition
Authors: dos Anjos Lucas Costa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlgorithmic decision-making is integral to digital platforms, influencing user experiences and societal dynamics. This paper chapter scrutinizes algorithmic opacity, highlighting the inherent biases, the anti-competitive strategies that may result from dominant market power and the potential for discrimination within these systems. Despite the promise of objectivity, algorithms often operate under a veil of opacity, shaping content and information access, with significant implications for individual perspectives and societal functioning. The chapter explores the legal challenges posed by the protection of algorithms through the lenses of intellectual property rights and competition law. It calls for a multifaceted regulatory approach to ensure transparency. The analysis emphasises the need to balance innovation with competition and societal well-being, advocating for a right to explanation in the face of automated decisions within the European Union.
Rehabilitative Kurzzeitpflege (REKUP): Akzeptanz und Praktikabilität eines neuen Versorgungskonzepts
Authors: Keilhauer A. , Benzinger P. , Diekmann S. , zur Nieden P. , Pahmeier K. , Neumann A. , Wasem J. , Walendzik A. , Hüer T. , Raszke P. , Frankenhauser-Mannuß J. , Specht-Leible N. , Bauer J. M. 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Rehabilitative Kurzzeitpflege (REKUP) richtet sich an rehabilitationsbedürftige, aber (noch) nicht rehabilitationsfähige geriatrische Patienten nach akutstationärem Aufenthalt mit positiver Rehabilitationsprognose und wurde von Oktober 2020 bis März 2022 an 2 geriatrischen Rehabilitationskliniken erprobt.

Ziel
Qualitative Prozessevaluation hinsichtlich Akzeptanz (Leistungserbringer, -träger), Adoption (Umsetzung zu Projektbeginn), Praktikabilität (Prozesse, Inhalte, Strukturen) und beobachteter Zufriedenheit bei den Patienten.

Methodik
Eine Fokusgruppe und 14 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit insgesamt 18 Mitarbeitenden der Kliniken wie auch des Leistungsträgers wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und qualitativ inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Bei der Befragung der Leistungserbringer (Zuweiser‑/Modellkliniken) als auch des Leistungsträgers zeigten sich eine hohe Akzeptanz sowie eine gute Praktikabilität (Prozesse, Inhalte, Strukturen). Die Umsetzung wurde aufgrund der hohen Akzeptanz sowie der in geriatrischen Rehabilitationskliniken bekannten Leistungsinhalte als gut machbar und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten als sehr hoch bewertet.

Diskussion
Die Akzeptanz von REKUP war hoch, da der Grundgedanke leicht nachvollziehbar war. Dennoch ist eine sorgfältige Patientenauswahl entscheidend. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass REKUP als schnelle Entlassoption genutzt wird, um Kapazitätsprobleme zu umgehen. Der von den Leistungserbringenden wahrgenommene Therapieerfolg konstituiert sich über früh beübende Anwendungen, psychosoziale Angebote und die längere Zeitspanne vor der Rehabilitation: Überforderung wird vermieden und Selbstwirksamkeit gestärkt. Die Aufnahme in den Pflegeheimsektor wird umgangen, was einen positiven psychologischen und motivationalen Effekt für Patienten birgt. Ein Transfer von REKUP in andere geriatrische Rehabilitationskliniken erscheint leicht möglich.
Selective bromination-volatilization of PbO from ZnO-PbO mixtures using bromine-containing plastic: A promising approach for recycling hazardous wastes
Authors: Zubair Yusuf Olalekan , Takasaki Yuji , Takaya Yutaro , Tokoro Chiharu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the potential of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a bromine-containing plastic, for selectively separating PbO from a ZnO-PbO mixture. Thermodynamic calculations suggested the susceptibility of both PbO and ZnO to bromination by HBr from ABS resin. Initial trials showed limited PbO and ZnO volatilization. Combusting ABS resin and dust mixtures converts approximately 40 wt% of PbO to PbBr2, but PbO volatilization selectivity remains below 30% due to concurrent ZnO volatilization. This low selectivity is due to the inhibiting effect of char and CO gas on PbBr2 volatilization and the enhancement of ZnO volatilization. To improve PbO volatilization selectivity, operational parameters were varied. Increasing ABS resin size, decreasing pellet size, and altering the heating method raised PbO volatilization selectivity by over three times, with more than 60 wt% PbO volatilized. Microscopic analysis confirmed PbO bromination and volatilization as lead bromide compound (e.g., PbBr2), while ZnO underwent direct volatilization through a carbothermic reaction. This study shows that optimizing operational parameters can selectively separate heavy metals using bromine-containing plastics. For practical application in steelmaking dust, it is crucial to examine the effects of coexisting Fe compounds.
Responsible Management-as-Process of Smoothing–Striating: Transcending Freedom or Control Contingencies
Authors: Laasch Oliver , McLean Christine , Aroles Jeremy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Enactment of responsible management (RM) can be fostered by giving actors discretionary freedom to act responsibly and/or by controlling them to act responsibly. RM research has dominantly taken a contingency approach that focuses on conditions under which actors should choose either freedom or control. However, this approach does not offer insights into entangled freedom and control dynamics and is a poor fit for the inherently processual RM phenomenon. We propose a paradox process alternative, mobilizing the lens of smoothing–striating dynamics, which we apply to the Becoming Responsible Initiative (BRI) case. Smoothing fosters creativity, discretion, and lines of flight. It is dynamically entangled with striating, which fosters standardization, strictures, and the direction of enactment. We present a rhizomatic process model based on a thematic template analysis of 104 interviews, observations over 30 months, and documentary evidence. The model explains how a tension spring of over/under smoothing–striating drives RM enactment in four modes: pervasive smoothing, selective smoothing, rigid striating, and flexible striating. Each mode involves dynamics between smoothing–striating unfolding in distributed RM encounters. We contribute to the RM literature by presenting a framework explaining the paradoxical-processual dynamics of RM enactment. Our framework also transcends the freedom or control contingency approach, and adds an intricate methodology for processual analysis to the paradox discussion.
Densely packed membrane configurations
Authors: Heyden Stefanie , Ortiz Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe put forth a simple mathematical model of densely packed fluid membranes and solve for packing configurations that minimize their elastic energy. Numerical calculations are facilitated via a finite-difference discretization scheme. Absent topological constraints, energy-minimizing configurations are found to closely follow solutions of the eikonal equation. These typically involve foliations comprising many closed surfaces. We show how allowing for cuts and creases, with an additional minimization over the total crease energy, generates configurations consisting of a densely packed single sheet.