bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of LBGs with [OIII] detection at z > 3: The importance of including nebular emission data in SED fitting
Authors: Yuan Fang-Ting , Burgarella Denis , Corre David , Buat Veronique , Boquien Médéric , Shen Shiyin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt high redshift, the contribution of strong emission lines to the broadband photometry can cause large uncertainties when estimating galaxy physical properties. To examine this effect, we investigate a sample of 54 LBGs at 3 < zspec < 3.8 with detected [OIII] line emissions. We use CIGALE to fit simultaneously the rest-frame UV-to-NIR SEDs of these galaxies and their emission line data. By comparing the results with and without emission line data, we show that spectroscopic data are necessary to constrain the nebular model. We examine the K-band excess, which is usually used to estimate the emissions of [OIII]+Hβ lines when there is no spectral data, and find that the difference between the estimation and observation can reach up to > 1 dex for some galaxies, showing the importance of obtaining spectroscopic measurements of these lines. We also estimate the equivalent width of the Hβ absorption and find it negligible compared to the Hβ emission.
Tips learned from panchromatic modeling of AGNs
Authors: Dai Y. Sophia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractI will review the tips learned from panchromatic modeling of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), based on our recent work to study the relationship between AGN and star formation (SF). Several AGN SED models are compared, and a significant AGN contribution is found in the IR luminosities and corresponding star formation rates (SFRs). I will review the AGN-SF relation and how different parameters and sample selections affect the observed correlation. I will then report on the constant ratio discovered between the SFR and the black hole mass accretion rate (BHAR), and their implications on the gas supply and galaxy formation history of these systems. Caveats and important questions to answer are summarized at the end.
Systematic errors in dust mass fits: The role of dust opacity
Authors: Fanciullo Lapo , Kemper Francisca , Srinivasan Sundar , Scicluna Peter , Simpson James M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe estimation of interstellar dust masses is an important pursuit in our understanding of both local and early Universe – see e.g. the “dust budget crisis”. One of the most used methods of estimating dust masses – dust emission fitting – requires an estimate of the dust opacity at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths, but in most models this quantity is based on extrapolation rather than on actual measurements. It is becoming more and more evident that the opacity in typical dust models differs from that of dust analogs measured in the lab, meaning that astronomical dust mass estimations may need to be revised. To estimate the systematic errors introduced by this mismatch, we calculated dust emission for a model where dust far-infrared opacity is the same as that measured in lab samples, then we fit the synthetic emission with a typical (modified blackbody) dust model. Our results show that, if interstellar dust is indeed similar to the lab dust analogs, most fits may overestimate dust masses by as much as an order of magnitude.
The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this IAU symposium, we present results of our recent paper, Hashimoto et al. (2018a) focusing on its spectral energy distribution modeling. We present spectroscopic observations of MACS1149-JD1, a gravitationally lensed galaxy originally discovered by Zheng et al. (2012) via the dropout technique. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we detect an emission line of doubly ionized oxygen, [Oiii] 88 μm, at a redshift of 9.1096±0.0006. This precisely determined redshift indicates that the red rest-frame optical colour observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope arises from a dominant stellar component that formed about 250 million years after the Big Bang, corresponding to a redshift of about 15. MACS1149-JD1 clearly demonstrates the importance and power of spectral energy distribution modeling to understand the earliest star formation history of the Universe.
High Production of Soluble Iron Promoted by Aerosol Acidification in Fog
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Guan Yang , Ito Akinori , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong , Baker Alex R. , Zhang Daizhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current poor understanding of soluble iron (Fe) yield in atmospheric aerosols leaves two observational facts having not yet been correctly simulated in numerical models: the high Fe solubility in aerosols with low Fe content and, hence, the wide range of observed Fe solubility. Our observation at Qingdao, a coastal city of China, revealed that soluble Fe was produced along with aerosol acidification much more efficiently in fog than under other weather conditions. The median Fe solubility in fog aerosols, 5.81%, was 3.3 times of that in haze aerosols, 5.2 times of that in clear days, and 21.5 times of that in dust aerosols. Involving fog processing in models may reduce the discrepancy in the atmospheric flux of soluble Fe to the ocean between numerical simulations and field observations.
The Potential of Marine Ferromanganese Nodules From Eastern Pacific as Recorders of Earth's Magnetic Field Changes During the Past 4.7 Myr: A Geochronological Study by Magnetic Scanning and Authigenic 10Be/9Be Dating
Authors: Yi L. , Medina‐Elizalde M. , Kletetschka G. , Yao H. , Simon Q. , Paterson G. A. , Bourlès D. L. , Deng X. , Du J. , Qin H. , Chen Y. , Xie Q. , Xiao J. , Wang Y. , Andreucci C. , Keddadouche K. , Aumaître G. , Liu Y. , Wang H. , Shen Z. , Gu X. , Smith T. , Dang H. , Jian Z. , Song T. , He H. , Deng C. , Zhu R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones in the Eastern Pacific are well known as a manganese nodule belt, which developed since the late Oligocene. The slow growth rate of these marine ferromanganese nodules implies that they have potentially recorded long‐term environmental changes. To produce environmental records from these nodules, their chronology needs to be established first. In order to achieve this objective, many dating methods have been applied; however, due to relatively low‐resolution temporal constraint, high‐resolution environmental signals recorded in marine ferromanganese nodules have not been well documented yet. In this paper, we present a geochronological study based jointly on magnetic scanning and analyses of the authigenic beryllium isotopes (authigenic 10Be/9Be) and the cobalt (Co) flux of a marine ferromanganese nodule. Results lead to the following observations: (1) The growth of the studied nodule resulted from a combination of hydrogenetic and diagenetic processes, and (2) a total of 24 magnetozones is recognized for the studied nodule. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that chrons from C3n.2r to C1n were recorded in the nodule, implying that the growth of this nodule initiated ~4.70 Ma, which agrees well with the authigenic 10Be/9Be and Co chronometers. Furthermore, a consistent pattern of broad paleomagnetic field variations was observed between the nodule's magnetic signal and the ocean‐floor magnetic fields of the South Atlantic, confirming the validity of our growth model. Overall, our study highlights the potential of marine ferromanganese nodules from the Eastern Pacific as recorders of changes in Earth's magnetic field.
Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radars: Status, Challenges, and Ways Forward
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Kollias Pavlos , Dhillon Ranvir , Roy Richard , Tanelli Simone , Lamer Katia , Grecu Mircea , Lebsock Matthew , Watters Daniel , Mroz Kamil , Heymsfield Gerald , Li Lihua , Furukawa Kinji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpaceborne radars offer a unique three‐dimensional view of the atmospheric components of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Existing and planned spaceborne radar missions provide cloud and precipitation information over the oceans and land difficult to access in remote areas. A careful look into their measurement capabilities indicates considerable gaps that hinder our ability to detect and probe key cloud and precipitation processes. The international community is currently debating how the next generation of spaceborne radars shall enhance current capabilities and address remaining gaps. Part of the discussion is focused on how to best take advantage of recent advancements in radar and space platform technologies while addressing outstanding limitations. First, the observing capabilities and measurement highlights of existing and planned spaceborne radar missions including TRMM, CloudSat, GPM, RainCube, and EarthCARE are reviewed. Then, the limitations of current spaceborne observing systems, with respect to observations of low‐level clouds, midlatitude and high‐latitude precipitation, and convective motions, are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the review proposes potential solutions and future research avenues to be explored. Promising paths forward include collecting observations across a gamut of frequency bands tailored to specific scientific objectives, collecting observations using mixtures of pulse lengths to overcome trade‐offs in sensitivity and resolution, and flying constellations of miniaturized radars to capture rapidly evolving weather phenomena. This work aims to increase the awareness about existing limitations and gaps in spaceborne radar measurements and to increase the level of engagement of the international community in the discussions for the next generation of spaceborne radar systems.
Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom‐Up Inventories, Top‐Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios
Authors: Elguindi N. , Granier C. , Stavrakou T. , Darras S. , Bauwens M. , Cao H. , Chen C. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Dubovik O. , Fu T. M. , Henze D. K. , Jiang Z. , Keita S. , Kuenen J. J. P. , Kurokawa J. , Liousse C. , Miyazaki K. , Müller J.‐F. , Qu Z. , Solmon F. , Zheng B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study compares recent CO, NOx, NMVOC, SO2, BC, and OC anthropogenic emissions from several state‐of‐the‐art top‐down estimates to global and regional bottom‐up inventories and projections from five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in several regions. Results show that top‐down emissions derived in several recent studies exhibit similar uncertainty as bottom‐up inventories in some regions for certain species and even less in the case of Chinese CO emissions. In general, the largest discrepancies are found outside of regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan where the most accurate and detailed information on emissions is available. In some regions such as China, which has recently undergone dynamical economic growth and changes in air quality regulations, the top‐down estimates better capture recent emission trends than global bottom‐up inventories. These results show the potential of top‐down estimates to complement bottom‐up inventories and to aide in the development of emission scenarios, particularly in regions where global inventories lack the necessary up‐to‐date and accurate information regarding regional activity data and emission factors such as Africa and India. Areas of future work aimed at quantifying and reducing uncertainty are also highlighted. A regional comparison of recent CO and NOx trends in the five SSPs indicate that SSP126, a strong pollution control scenario, best represents the trends from the top‐down and regional bottom‐up inventories in the United States, Europe, and China, while SSP460, a low‐pollution control scenario, lies closest to actual trends in West Africa. This analysis can be useful for air quality forecasting and near‐future pollution control/mitigation policy studies.
Dependence of Internal Wave Bolus Transport on Pycnocline Thickness
Authors: Allshouse Michael R. , Swinney Harry L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA bolus is a vortex formed by an internal wave propagating upslope with the shoaling wave. The amount of sediment and biota transported by boluses travelling up the world's continental slopes and onto the continental shelves has not been established but could be vital for maintaining nutrient‐rich coastal ecosystems. Previous laboratory experiments and simulations of shoaling boluses have considered a two‐layer density stratification or a linear density profile. We present experiments on bolus formation and propagation in a stratification with a density profile ρ(z) represented by a tanh‐profile, which describes many ocean pycnoclines. Our laboratory experiments examine pycnoclines with thicknesses varying from nearly zero (a two‐layer system) to large thicknesses where the density varies almost linearly with depth. The bolus volume, displacement upslope, and available potential energy are measured as a function of pycnocline thickness. Maximum upslope displacement is found to be twice that observed for a two‐layer stratification.
Summertime Temperature Variability Increases With Local Warming in Midlatitude Regions
Authors: Chan Duo , Cobb Alison , Zeppetello Lucas R. Vargas , Battisti David S. , Huybers Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change presents risks both in terms of warming and increased variability that are heightened when compounded. It is thus notable that the simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) showing greater Northern midlatitude continental warming also show a greater increase in monthly average temperature variance, particularly in Europe. European variability increases with warming at a rate of 0.40°C2/°C (95% C.I. [0.28, 0.50]), with local warming rates explaining 71% of the intermodel difference in variability changes. Coupling between warming and variance increases the probability of high temperatures compared to a scenario where variance is stable. If warming were to reach 6°C, the risk of monthly average temperature exceeding a 30°C threshold is 4 times greater in the increased‐variance scenario. Despite the simple scaling across models suggesting some common origin, changes in model temperature and variance potentially involve a range of mechanisms whose contributions remain unclear.
Ice Breakup Controls Dissipation of Wind Waves Across Southern Ocean Sea Ice
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Otero Mark , Merrifield Sophia , Grouazel Antoine , Terrill Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSea ice inhibits the development of wind‐generated surface gravity waves which are the dominant factor in upper ocean mixing and air‐sea fluxes. In turn, sea ice properties are modified by wave action. Understanding the interaction of ice and waves is important for characterizing both air‐sea interactions and sea ice dynamics. Current leading theory attributes wave attenuation primarily to scattering by ice floes. Here we use new in situ wave measurements to show that attenuation is dominated by dissipation with negligible effect by scattering. Time series of wave height in ice exhibit an “on/off” behavior that is consistent with switching between two states of sea ice: a relatively unbroken state associated with strong damping (off), possibly caused by ice flexure, and very weak attenuation (on) across sea ice that has been broken up by wave action.
Atlantic‐Pacific Gradients Drive Last Millennium Hydroclimate Variability in Mesoamerica
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Coats Sloan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paleoclimatic record from Mexico and Central America, or Mesoamerica, documents dramatic swings in hydroclimate over the past few millennia. However, the dynamics underlying these past changes remain obscure. We use proxy indicators of hydroclimate to show that last millennium hydroclimate variability was dominated by opposite‐signed moisture anomalies in northern and southern Mesoamerica. This pattern results from changes in moisture convergence driven by Atlantic‐Pacific interbasin temperature gradients. While this pattern is reproduced by several models and multiple experiments with a single model, models appear to disagree about the underlying dynamics of this interbasin gradient. Moreover, disagreement about the interbasin gradient, and associated hydroclimate pattern, dominates spread in 21st century regional hydroclimate projections. These results emphasize the role of interbasin asymmetries in governing past and future regional climate change. They also demonstrate that paleoclimate studies can elucidate mechanisms directly relevant to projecting future hydroclimate in climate change hot spots like Mesoamerica.
Regional Pattern of the Ocean's Biological Pump Based on Geochemical Observations
Authors: Quay Paul , Emerson Steven , Palevsky Hilary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the impact of the ocean's biological pump on future atmospheric CO2 and deep ocean O2 concentrations, organic matter export rates are poorly known because observations are scarce and mostly short term. Thus, we rely on satellite data and models to yield export rates, yet neither approach is sufficiently validated. We present multiyear export estimates based mainly on observed O2 and CO2 surface layer budgets across the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans and compare to satellite‐ and model‐based estimates. We find that regional variability in observed export is modest (threefold) and lower than model‐ and satellite‐based estimates (threefold to sevenfold). Neither model‐ nor satellite‐based export reproduces the regional export trends in the Pacific. We find that winter mixed layer depth is critical in determining annual export rates in the subpolar N. Atlantic.
Photochemistry of Methane and Ethane in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Taysum Benjamin M. , Palmer Paul I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe develop an existing 1‐D photochemistry model to include a comprehensive description of organic chemistry on Mars that includes the oxidation products of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6),a longer‐chain hydrocarbon that can be used to differentiate between abiotic and biotic surface releases of CH4. We find that CH4 is most volatile between 20 and 50 km during Mars' northern summer, where the local atmospheric CH4 lifetime lowers to 25–60 years. We study atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) and formic acid (HCOOH), as the two common oxidation products of CH4 and C2H6, and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) as unique products of C2H6. We focus our analysis of these gases at Mars' aphelion and perihelion at latitudes between ‐30° and 30°, altitudes from the surface to 70 km, and from a homogeonous initial condition of 50 pptv of CH4 and C2H6. From this initial condition, CH4 produces HCHO in a latitude‐independent layered structure centered at 20–30 km at aphelion with column‐averaged mixing ratios of 10−4 pptv, and oxidation of C2H6 produces HCHO at 10−2 pptv. Formic acid has an atmospheric lifetime spanning 1–10 sols below 10 km that shows little temporal or zonal variability and is produced in comparable abundances (10−5 pptv) by the oxidation of C2H6 and CH4. We also find that oxidation of 50 pptv of C2H6 results in 10−3 pptv of CH3CHO and 10−4 pptv of CH3COOH. Subsequent UV photolysis of this CH3CHO results in 10−4 pptv of atmospheric CH4, potentially representing a new atmospheric source of Martian CH4.
Myotubularin-related protein 7 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
Authors: Weidner Philip , Söhn Michaela , Schroeder Torsten , Helm Laura , Hauber Veronika , Gutting Tobias , Betge Johannes , Röcken Christoph , Rohrbacher Florian N. , Pattabiraman Vijaya R. , Bode Jeffrey W. , Seger Rony , Saar Daniel , Nunes-Alves Ariane , Wade Rebecca C. , Ebert Matthias P. A. , Burgermeister Elke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor drugable by agonists approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, but also inhibits carcinogenesis and cell proliferation in vivo. Activating mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene mitigate these beneficial effects by promoting a negative feedback-loop comprising extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)-dependent inactivation of PPARγ. To overcome this inhibitory mechanism, we searched for novel post-translational regulators of PPARγ. Phosphoinositide phosphatase Myotubularin-Related-Protein-7 (MTMR7) was identified as cytosolic interaction partner of PPARγ. Synthetic peptides were designed resembling the regulatory coiled-coil (CC) domain of MTMR7, and their activities studied in human cancer cell lines and C57BL6/J mice. MTMR7 formed a complex with PPARγ and increased its transcriptional activity by inhibiting ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of PPARγ. MTMR7-CC peptides mimicked PPARγ-activation in vitro and in vivo due to LXXLL motifs in the CC domain. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking predicted that peptides interact with the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1)-binding site of PPARγ. Thus, MTMR7 is a positive regulator of PPARγ, and its mimicry by synthetic peptides overcomes inhibitory mechanisms active in cancer cells possibly contributing to the failure of clinical studies targeting PPARγ.
Discovery and quality analysis of a comprehensive set of structural variants and short tandem repeats
Authors: Jakubosky David , Smith Erin N. , D’Antonio Matteo , Jan Bonder Marc , Young Greenwald William W. , D’Antonio-Chronowska Agnieszka , Matsui Hiroko ,   i2QTL Consortium, Bonder Marc J. , Cai Na , Carcamo-Orive Ivan , D’Antonio Matteo , Frazer Kelly A. , Young Greenwald William W. , Jakubosky David , Knowles Joshua W. , Matsui Hiroko , McCarthy Davis J. , Mirauta Bogdan A. , Montgomery Stephen B. , Quertermous Thomas , Seaton Daniel D. , Smail Craig , Smith Erin N. , Stegle Oliver , Stegle Oliver , Montgomery Stephen B. , DeBoever Christopher , Frazer Kelly A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural variants (SVs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) are important sources of genetic diversity but are not routinely analyzed in genetic studies because they are difficult to accurately identify and genotype. Because SVs and STRs range in size and type, it is necessary to apply multiple algorithms that incorporate different types of evidence from sequencing data and employ complex filtering strategies to discover a comprehensive set of high-quality and reproducible variants. Here we assemble a set of 719 deep whole genome sequencing (WGS) samples (mean 42×) from 477 distinct individuals which we use to discover and genotype a wide spectrum of SV and STR variants using five algorithms. We use 177 unique pairs of genetic replicates to identify factors that affect variant call reproducibility and develop a systematic filtering strategy to create of one of the most complete and well characterized maps of SVs and STRs to date.