bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different irrigation protocols on microhardness and flexural strength values of young and aged crown dentin
Authors: Pedersen Nurab Deniz , Uzunoglu‐Özyürek Emel , Dogan Buzoglu Hatice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different irrigation protocols on microhardness (MH) and flexural strength (FS) values of young and aged crown dentin.BackgroundIn addition to ageing, root canal irrigation might also affect the mechanical properties of coronal dentin walls.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and twenty dentin bars (2 mm × 2 mm × 8 mm) were obtained from the crowns of extracted, non‐caries, human molars of young and older patients (n = 60 bars; average patient ages: 16.7 and 65.4, respectively). Subgroups were formed as follows: 2.5%NaOCl(sodium hypochlorite)+5%EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 2.5%NaOCl + 15%EDTA, 2.5%NaOCl, 5%EDTA, 15%EDTA and Saline. NaOCl and saline were used for 20 minutes and EDTA solutions for 1 minute. MH values of each sample were measured before and after the irrigation protocols. The same samples were also submitted for FS analysis. The data were statistically analysed.ResultsYoung samples had lower MH values at pre‐ and post‐treatment compared to aged samples (P < .05). A significant decrease was observed in MH values of aged samples exposed to 2.5%NaOCl and both NaOCl + EDTA combinations (P < .05). FS values of the young saline‐treated group were statistically higher than aged ones (P < .05). Both NaOCl + EDTA combinations caused a significant decrease in FS values of young samples compared to saline (P < .05).ConclusionAgeing has a significant effect on the MH and FS values of crown dentin samples. 5% EDTA solutions revealed similar results to 15%EDTA regarding MH and FS values of crown dentin in both age groups. The NaOCl + EDTA combination had a prominent effect than EDTA alone, on MH values of young‐, and FS values of aged dentin samples.
Performance of multiplex serology in discriminating active vs past Helicobacter pylori infection in a primarily African American population in the southeastern United States
Authors: Butt Julia , Blot William J. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Varga Matthew G. , Hendrix Laura H. , Crankshaw Sydnee , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Epplein Meira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo feasibly analyze associations of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with disease in large cohort studies, assays are needed to assess H. pylori prevalence in existing biospecimens. However, serology has traditionally been unable to distinguish active from past infection. We sought to determine the sensitivity of seropositivity to H. pylori proteins to detect active infection.MethodsWe measured antibody responses to 13 H. pylori proteins using multiplex serology in serum samples of a training (n = 78) and validation set (n = 49) collected concurrently from patients undergoing urea breath test (UBT). To determine sensitivity of seropositivity to H. pylori proteins for active infection, a cutoff was applied to achieve 90% specificity. Antibody levels were retested in a subset of participants (n = 16) 6 months after baseline.ResultsWith a specificity of 91%, seropositivity to H. pylori proteins VacA, GroEl, HcpC, and HP1564 ascertained active infection from 100% to 75% sensitivity. Positivity to a combination of these proteins (≥2 out of the 4) resulted in specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 100%. The validation set replicated results from the training set. Among those participants with successful H. pylori eradication after baseline, antibody levels decreased significantly for VacA, HcpC, and HP1564 when assessed 6 months later.ConclusionUtilizing the cutoffs for seropositivity established through comparison with UBT, seropositivity to ≥2 of the H. pylori proteins VacA, GroEl, HcpC, and HP1564 determines active H. pylori infection at high specificity and sensitivity and may approximate the prevalence of active H. pylori infection in large cohorts.
Hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence does not differ between interferon‐based and interferon‐free treatment with liver histological assessment
Authors: Tahata Yuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Urabe Ayako , Yamada Ryoko , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Hiramatsu Naoki , Hagiwara Hideki , Oshita Masahide , Hijioka Taizo , Tamura Shinji , Imai Yasuharu , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: November 2019

AimSeveral studies have recently reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence does not differ between hepatitis C virus patients receiving interferon (IFN)‐based and IFN‐free treatments considering the patients’ backgrounds. However, liver fibrosis was not directly considered in these studies.MethodsIn total, 3972 patients without a history of HCC who started IFN‐based or IFN‐free treatment between August 2002 and April 2017 at 30 Japanese hospitals and achieved a sustained virologic response were included. Propensity score matching considering liver histology was performed.ResultsThe median age and percentage of patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3/4) were 58 years and 11.4% in the IFN‐based group, and 68 years and 18.9% in the IFN‐free group, respectively. The HCC occurrence rates at 1 year and 2 years were 0.4% and 1.1% in the IFN‐based group, and 1.6% and 4.1% in the IFN‐free group, respectively, and HCC occurrence in the IFN‐free group was significantly higher than that in the IFN‐based group (P < 0.001). The characteristics of the HCC occurrence patterns did not differ between the two groups. After propensity score matching, among 764 patients, the HCC occurrence rates at 1 year and 2 years were 0.5% and 1.9% in the IFN‐based group and 1.1% and 3.0% in the IFN‐free group, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P = 0.489).ConclusionsHCC occurrence in sustained virologic response patients does not differ between IFN‐based and IFN‐free treatment considering liver fibrosis stage. The degree of its progress at diagnosis does not differ between the two groups.
Evaluation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 3 gene polymorphisms in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Greverath Lena Maria , Leicht Elise , Wald de Chamorro Nina , Wilde Anne‐Christin Beatrice , Steinhagen Lara Marleen , Lieb Charlotte , Schmelzle Moritz , Chopra Sascha , Shibolet Oren , Fischer Janett , Berg Thomas , Tacke Frank , Müller Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AimMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 3‐mediated signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory biliary diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of five well‐characterized specific single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 3 gene, CHRM3 (rs11578320, rs6690809, rs6429157, rs7548522, and rs4620530), in patients with PBC and PSC. Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and healthy individuals served as control cohorts. In the PBC cohort, baseline characteristics and response to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy applying established response criteria at 12 months after the initiation of treatment were evaluated according to the underlying CHRM3 genotype.MethodsCHRM3 genotyping was carried out in 306 PBC patients, 205 PSC patients, 208 CHC patients, and 240 healthy controls from two independent German tertiary care university centers in Berlin and Leipzig, Germany.ResultsCHRM3 rs4620530 proportions in patients with PBC significantly differed from patients with PSC (P = 0.005), CHC (P = 0.009), and healthy controls (P = 0.008), primarily due to a substantial overrepresentation of the T allele in PBC (49.3% in PBC vs. 39.8% in PSC, 35.7% in CHC, and 40% in healthy controls), indicating a potential association of the rs4620530 T allele with PBC (OR 1.461, 95% CI 1.147–1.861, P = 0.002). Further analysis showed no association of CHRM3 single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs4620530 with baseline characteristics and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment response in PBC.ConclusionCHRM3 single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs4620530 might confer an increased genetic risk for the development of PBC.
Impact of β‐glucan on debittering, bioaccessibility and storage stability of skim milk fortified with shrimp oil nanoliposomes
Authors: Gulzar Saqib , Benjakul Soottawat , Hozzein Wael N. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryShrimp oil was encapsulated in nanoliposomes and fortified into skim milk. Shrimp oil nanoliposomes (SONL) were thermodynamically stable when added into skim milk at 10 mL 100 mL−1. Mild bitterness in fortified skim milk caused by the SONL was masked by adding β‐glucan at various levels (0.05–0.2 g 100 mL−1). With the addition of SONL, fortified skim milk appeared more reddish in colour due to the presence of astaxanthin. Addition of β‐glucan resulted in the increase in viscosity of the fortified milk by forming network of junction zones. During the storage of skim milk fortified with SONL and 0.1 g 100 mL−1 β‐glucan at 4 °C for 15 days, no major quality changes took place. Simulated in vitro digestion studies revealed that 45.41 g 100 g−1 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 48.86 g 100 g−1 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from shrimp oil were bioaccessible for absorption in the gut after digestion.
Molecular mechanism of the expansion of silica glass upon exposure to moisture
Authors: Garofalini Stephen H. , Lentz Jesse , Homann Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations show that the expansion of silica glass occurs by the presence of the hydroxyl (SiOH) groups present in the glass as opposed to intact water (H2O) molecules, providing an accurate molecular description of the experimentally observed volume changes in silica glass exposed to water. Using a robust and accurate reactive potential, the simulations show that the expansion is caused by the rupture of siloxane (Si–O–Si) linkages in the glass via reactions with water molecules, forming SiOHs. Such reactions remove smaller rings and form larger rings, with a decrease in the overall number of rings smaller than a prescribed large ring size in comparison to dry glasses. This change in ring structure overcomes the inherently stronger hydrogen bonding in the glasses containing SiOH in comparison to the glasses containing predominantly intact H2O molecules. This stronger H‐bonding of the SiOH also causes a shift to lower frequencies in the high‐frequency OH vibrational spectrum for the silanols, as shown in previous ab‐initio calculations. This introduces a question about assuming the lower frequency part of the high‐frequency peak is only due to intact H2O molecules. A slight decrease in volume occurred in the glasses containing the largest concentration of intact H2O molecules. There is no change in the ring size distribution between the H2O glasses and dry glasses. Rather, the slight decrease in volume in the H2O system is caused by a decrease in siloxane bond angles caused by the formation of H‐bonds between the H2O molecules and the glass O in the siloxane cages surrounding the H2O molecules.
Longitudinal use and factors associated with public transport and other travel options for older people with an intellectual disability in Ireland
Authors: McCausland Darren , Stancliffe Roger J. , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransport is an important basis for social participation. Challenges to accessing and using transport for people with intellectual disabilities increase their risk of exclusion and loneliness.MethodData from a nationally representative study of older people with intellectual disabilities (n = 708) were used to examine longitudinal changes in transport usage and factors associated with using public transport and other travel options.ResultsFindings confirmed that this population depends on others for transportation. The most frequently used mode, staff‐supported transport, showed no significant longitudinal change. Public transport was secondary, with only moderate continued use between data collection points. Level of intellectual disability most strongly predicted public transport use, while community residence most strongly predicted using public transport to attend work or day programmes.ConclusionsTransport usage is associated with demand and supply factors linked to the person's environment, including having somewhere to go that requires transport and availability of transport options.
Attachment and child behaviour and emotional problems in autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability
Authors: Teague Samantha J. , Newman Louise K. , Tonge Bruce J. , Gray Kylie M. ,   The MHYPEDD Team
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBehaviour and emotional problems are highly prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In typically developing children, attachment quality acts as a risk/protective factor for behavioural outcomes and adjustment, warranting investigation in children with ASD.MethodWe investigated the relationship between attachment and child behaviour and emotional problems in children with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability. Data were collected from parent–child dyads where children were diagnosed with ASD and ID (n = 28) or other developmental disabilities (n = 20).ResultsChildren with ASD had higher levels of behaviour and emotional problems and more attachment difficulties than children with other developmental disabilities. Poorer attachment quality contributed uniquely to the variance in child behaviour and emotional problems.ConclusionsInterventions targeting behaviour and emotional problems in children with ASD may benefit from an attachment model which addresses the child's difficulty in using caregivers as a coregulatory agent of emotions.
Interleukin‐38 alleviates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wei Yuzhen , Lan Yin , Zhong Yucheng , Yu Kunwu , Xu Wenbin , Zhu Ruirui , Sun Haitao , Ding Yan , Wang Yue , Zeng Qiutang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExcessive immune‐mediated inflammatory reaction plays a deleterious role in ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin (IL)‐38 is a newly characterized cytokine of the IL‐1 family and has been reported to exert a protective effect in some autoimmune diseases. However, its role in cardiac remodelling post‐MI remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of IL‐38 was increased in infarcted heart after MI induced in C57BL/6 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. In addition, our data showed that ventricular remodelling after MI was significantly ameliorated after recombinant IL‐38 injection in mice. This amelioration was demonstrated by better cardiac function, restricted inflammatory response, attenuated myocardial injury and decreased myocardial fibrosis. Our results in vitro revealed that IL‐38 affects the phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs) and IL‐38 plus troponin I (TNI)‐treated tolerogenic DCs dampened adaptive immune response when co‐cultured with CD4+T cells. In conclusion, IL‐38 plays a protective effect in ventricular remodelling post‐MI, one possibility by influencing DCs to attenuate inflammatory response. Therefore, targeting IL‐38 may hold a new therapeutic potential in treating MI.
Reporting and handling of incomplete outcome data in implant dentistry: A survey of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lieber Ricarda , Pandis Nikolaos , Faggion Clovis Mariano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the reporting and handling of incomplete outcome data in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in implant dentistry.Materials and methodsWe included RCTs on interventions related to the treatment with dental implants and presented any form of missing data. PubMed, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published between May 2015 and May 2018. Reporting and handling of missing data at the study level were evaluated using a series of relevant questions. Descriptive data were reported, and univariable analyses were performed to evaluate the association of study variables with quality of reporting and data handling.ResultsOne‐hundred and thirty‐seven RCT reports were included from the 7,116 initially retrieved publications. The reporting of incomplete outcome data varied greatly among the trials and for the different questions. The range of adequately reported questions was between 3.64% (question: comparison of baseline characteristics of all randomised participants) and 100% (question: explicit reporting of missing data). The complete case analysis was the most used (45.3%) approach for incomplete outcome data handling.ConclusionsRandomized studies in implant dentistry have room for improvement in both the reporting and the handling of incomplete outcome data.
Late implant placement following ridge preservation versus early implant placement: A pilot randomized clinical trial for periodontally compromised non‐molar extraction sites
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Seo Seongwoo , Thoma Daniel S. , Park Jung‐Chul , Hong Ji‐Youn , Shin Seung‐Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare late implant placement following alveolar ridge preservation (LP/ARP) and early implantation (EP) in periodontally compromised non‐molar extraction sites with respect to soft tissue levels, aesthetics, and patient‐reported outcomes.Materials and methodsSixteen patients were randomly allocated to groups LP/ARP (n = 9) or EP (n = 7). Group LP/ARP received ARP using deproteinized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen and a native bilayer collagen membrane, and group EP received only extraction. Implant placement was performed 4–8 weeks post‐extraction in group EP and 4 months post‐alveolar ridge preservation in group LP/ARP. The soft tissue levels, pink/white esthetic scores, and periodontal parameters were evaluated at 1 year post‐loading. Patient's discomfort level was evaluated in terms of extraction/ARP and implant placement.ResultsNo implant failure or biologic complications occurred. There was no statistically significant difference in the median change of the midfacial mucosal margin (0.03 for group LP/ARP, −0.19 mm for group EP) and the mesial/distal papilla (0.62/0.25 mm for group LP/ARP, 0.29/−0.5 mm for group EP), pink/white esthetic scores, periodontal parameters, and patient's discomfort between the two groups.ConclusionBoth implant placement protocols led to comparable outcomes in soft tissue levels, periodontal parameters, and patient's discomfort level.
Molecular genetics of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: perspective for treatment strategies
Authors: Di Nardo L. , Pellegrini C. , Di Stefani A. , Del Regno L. , Sollena P. , Piccerillo A. , Longo C. , Garbe C. , Fargnoli M.C. , Peris K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents 20% of all skin cancers. Although primary cSCCs can be successfully treated with surgery, a subset of highly aggressive lesions may progress to advanced disease, representing a public healthcare problem with significant cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. A complex network of genes (TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1 and NOTCH2, EGFR and TERT) and molecular pathways (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. The epigenetic regulation of TP53 and CDKN2A is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cSCC, as well as NOTCH‐activating agents capable to restore its tumour‐suppressor function. EGFR inhibitors including both monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib, gefitinib and dasatinib) have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced cSCC, achieving only partial clinical benefit. Recently, an immune‐modulatory drug (cemiplimab) has been introduced for the treatment of advanced cSCC with good clinical results and a favourable safety profile, while other PD1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, either as monotherapy or in combination with targeted therapies, are currently under investigation. This review focuses on molecular findings involved in the pathogenesis of cSCC and their implications for the future development of new treatment strategies. In addition, current and ongoing treatments on targeted therapies and/or immunotherapy are illustrated.
Bodyweight variability and the risk of psoriasis: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kim M. , Han K.‐D. , Lee J.H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBodyweight variability has been suggested to exacerbate chronic inflammation and increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Little is known whether high variability in bodyweight affects the development of psoriasis.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between weight variability and the risk of psoriasis.MethodsUsing a representative cohort enrolled in the national health examination programme conducted by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, 8 016 907 people who were free of psoriasis and who underwent at least three health examinations between 2010 and 2015 were followed until the end of 2017. We classified participants numerically according to the variability indices and defined high variability (Q4) as the highest quartile of variability. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the risk of psoriasis according to the quartile groups of bodyweight variability.ResultsIn total, 187 128 (2.33%) participants developed psoriasis during a median follow‐up of 3.4 years. There was an association between baseline body mass index and the risk of psoriasis. In the multivariable model adjusting for confounding variables, an incrementally increased risk of psoriasis was observed for higher quartiles compared with the lowest quartile group (Q1). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals comparing the highest (Q4) and lowest quartiles (Q1) of bodyweight variability were 1.06 (1.05–1.07) for psoriasis.ConclusionHigh bodyweight variability was significantly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. These findings imply that clinicians should encourage patients to maintain proper bodyweight to help prevent psoriasis.