bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using country-level variables to classify countries according to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases: An unsupervised machine learning approach
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Castillo-Cara Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians whom have provided evidence about risk factors and clinical outcomes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic benefiting from open-access data and machine learning algorithms is still scarce yet can produce relevant and pragmatic information. With country-level pre-COVID-19-pandemic variables, we aimed to cluster countries in groups with shared profiles of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Unsupervised machine learning algorithms (k-means) were used to define data-driven clusters of countries; the algorithm was informed by disease prevalence estimates, metrics of air pollution, socio-economic status and health system coverage. Using the one-way ANOVA test, we compared the clusters in terms of number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, case fatality rate and order in which the country reported the first case. Results: The model to define the clusters was developed with 155 countries. The model with three principal component analysis parameters and five or six clusters showed the best ability to group countries in relevant sets. There was strong evidence that the model with five or six clusters could stratify countries according to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (p<0.001). However, the model could not stratify countries in terms of number of deaths or case fatality rate. Conclusions: A simple data-driven approach using available global information before the COVID-19 pandemic, seemed able to classify countries in terms of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The model was not able to stratify countries based on COVID-19 mortality data.
Counselling for registrants facing GDC practice committees
Authors: Baker Robert 
Published: June 2020

This paper argues that dentists should act in a professional manner and take a collegiate approach to establish a support system for ‘colleagues in need’ when facing General Dental Council Fitness to Practice Committees similar to that provided for doctors in comparable circumstances. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The incidence of an allegation made to the GDC, which are associated with registrants' mental and behavioural disorders, and subsequently avoiding difficult procedures, was 3.57 per 100 dentists in 2017.
The Maxillary Sinus: what the general dental team need to know part 3: maxillary sinus disease of endodontic origin
Authors: Darcey James C , Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Campbell Colin 
Published: June 2020

This paper, part 3 of the series, discusses the variation in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening when seen on radiographic images and the relation to disease. The role of apical periodontitis in disease of the maxillary sinus and its lining, the stages of endodontic treatment at which problems can arise and how these can be prevented, are considered. Complications involving extruded endodontic materials will also be discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Apical periodontitis may very occasionally contribute to maxillary sinus infection, when the roots of teeth lie in close relation to the sinus. Apical displacement of infection, irrigants or materials during endodontic treatment may contribute to inflammation and infection and should be avoided.
Remote working in dentistry in a time of crisis – tools and their uses
Authors: Parker Kate , Chia Matthew 
Published: June 2020

This article provides an overview of tools which enable remote working in Dentistry. It assesses the availability of tools for use in three areas of remote working in healthcare: video conference calls between professionals, apps for patients to send photographs to clinicians and platforms for telemedicine clinics and highlights the main features of common tools. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Remote working in healthcare has become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic and an understanding of how this remote working can be utilized in Dentistry, and the associated benefits, is relevant to all clinicians.
Ileus caused by small bowel, ileocaecal and rectal endometriosis misdiagnosed as Crohn’s disease and managed by synchronous ileocaecal and rectal resection
Authors: Popivanov G , Stoyanova D , Fakirova A , Konakchieva M , Stefanov D , Kjossev K , Mutafchiyski V 
Published: June 2020

The reported incidence of intestinal endometriosis varies between 22% and 37%, with bowel obstruction in only 2.3% of cases, but few series report acute obstruction. We report a rare case of acute bowel obstruction due to multiple bilateral deep intestinal endometriosis lesions localised in the ileum, ileocaecal valve and upper rectum, requiring synchronous resection in an emergency setting. A 42-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of obstructing Crohn’s disease based on abdominal computed tomography with oral contrast showing a thickened terminal ileum with stenosis, compression of the caecum and proximally dilated small bowel loops. Simultaneous ileocaecal resection and segmental resection of the upper rectum with handsewn end-to-end anastomosis between the sigmoid colon and rectum was performed. Owing to the advanced bowel obstruction and significant weight loss, a double barrelled ileoascendostomy was created. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Histological examination revealed transmural endometriosis with involvement of the pericolic fat in both specimens. Although intestinal endometriosis causing acute bowel obstruction is rare, it should be included among the differential diagnoses in young women with recurrent abdominal pain, intermittent diarrhoea and constipation without a family history for inflammatory bowel disease or cancer. Bleeding synchronous with menstruation is not typical for intestinal endometriosis. Right-sided intestinal endometriosis more frequently causes acute bowel obstruction, in most cases due to intussusception.
Patients undergoing primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: how many are referred on the two-week wait pathway and by whom?
Authors: Patel S , Boyapati RP , Gulati A , Barrett AW 
Published: June 2020

Introduction Available data suggest that the two-week wait referral pathway is ineffective at expediting diagnosis of cancer due to large numbers of inappropriate referrals. This study aimed to compare the referral pathway of 125 patients who had undergone primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer with 100 who had been two-week wait referrals. Materials and methods This was a case note review. Results Of the 125 patients who underwent surgery; 47 (38%) were referred via the 2WW pathway. GPs had referred 25 (53%) of the 47 patients and general dental practitioners 22 (47%). The tumour stage was similar regardless of referral pathway (two-week wait or routine). GPs recognised that the two-week wait pathway was needed in 49% of the patients they had referred, whereas the equivalent figure for GDPs was 40%. Of the 100 2WW patients, 52 were biopsied. Of these, nine (9%) were diagnosed with a malignancy. GPs referred 61% of the 100 two-week wait patients and accurately diagnosed five of the cancers (although two were basal cell carcinomas), general dental practitioners the remainder (including one basal cell carcinoma). Overall, 41% of the patients referred on the two-week wait pathway by GPs needed a biopsy, compared with 69% of those referred by general dental practitioners. Conclusions While the criteria for referral on the two-week wait pathway lack discrimination and the majority of referrals proved benign, nearly 40% of surgically treated patients were referred via this pathway, suggesting that it does serve a useful purpose. More patients with cancer were referred by GPs, but more two-week wait referrals by general dental practitioners warranted biopsy.
Cardiorespiratory fitness fails to predict short-term postoperative mortality in patients undergoing elective open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Bailey DM , Rose GA , Berg RMG , Davies RG , Appadurai IR , Lewis MH , Williams IM 
Published: June 2020

Introduction Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing aids surgical risk stratification and is an established predictor of mid- to long-term survival in patients undergoing elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing also predicts 30-day mortality in this population remains to be established. Materials and methods Data for 109 patients (mean age 72 years) who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess risk for surgical abdominal aortic aneurysm repair was analysed. Patients were classified according to cardiopulmonary fitness as fit (peak oxygen uptake ≥ 15ml O2.kg−1.min−1) or unfit (peak oxygen uptake less than 15ml O2.kg−1.min−1) and further stratified according to clamp position (infrarenal or suprarenal). Between-group postoperative outcomes were compared for in-hospital 30-day mortality, postoperative morbidity scale scores (day 5) and hospital length of stay. Results Seventy-nine patients underwent open surgery and 30 patients were treated conservatively. No deaths were recorded at 30 days post-surgery. Unfit patients with infrarenal clamping exhibited higher postoperative morbidity scale scores (64% vs 26%) and longer length of stay (four days) than fit patients (p < 0.05). Conversely, with suprarenal clamping, postoperative morbidity scale scores were similar and length of stay longer (three days) in fit compared with unfit patients (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusion Preoperative fitness level defined by peak oxygen uptake failed to identify patients at risk of 30-day mortality when undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Postoperative morbidity and length of stay in patients with suprarenal clamping was high independent of cardiopulmonary fitness. These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful predictor of complications following infrarenal rather than suprarenal clamping but may not be a good predictor of 30-day mortality.
RDON: a rack-scale disaggregated data center network based on a distributed fast optical switch
Authors: Guo Xiaotao , Yan Fulong , Wang Jingyan , Exarchakos George , Peng Yuanyuan , Xue Xuwei , Pan Bitao , Calabretta Nicola 
Published: June 2020

Aiming to solve the low utilization and high operational cost in current data centers and the diversified resource requirements for different application types, we propose and investigate what we believe to be a novel rack-scale disaggregated optical data center network (RDON). Different types of hardware resources (i.e., CPU, memory, and storage) are deployed in standalone resource pools of the RDON. The RDON architecture encompasses nanosecond distributed fast optical switches for the low latency and high bandwidth interconnects between the computing and memory nodes, while electrical packet switches are utilized to support the traffic of latency insensitivity and low bandwidth between memory nodes and storage nodes. By replacing the onboard data bus with a network interconnection, RDON architecture can provide a fine granularity hardware resource and relieve the constraints of server-centric architecture. To assess the performance of the RDON under realistic scenarios, statistics of diverse applications are captured from the data center lab. The RDON is modeled based on the OMNeT++ discrete event simulator and compared with the server-centric architecture. Numerical results show that the performance of the RDON is closely coupled with the type of deployed application. Compared to the server-centric architecture, the RDON can achieve up to

2.44
×

faster running time when running a single application, whereas at most

2.25
×

is the fastest running time under coexisting diverse types of applications. Finally, the analysis of costs and power consumption show that, with respect to server-centric architecture, the RDON requires 21.5% extra capital cost but 46.7% less power consumption.
A experiência de Niterói no enfrentamento da COVID 19: notas preliminares sobre a articulação de políticas sociais e de saúde
Authors: Junior Aluisio Gomes da Silva , Latgé Paula Kwame , De Oliveira Rodrigo Alves Torres , Franco Camilla Maia , Vasconcelos Maria Célia Valladares 
Published: June 2020

A pandemia de COVID 19 no Brasil joga luzes na imensa desigualdade da população exigindo em seu enfrentamento políticas articuladas no campo social e da atenção à saúde. Em meio a grande dificuldade organizativa dos níveis federal e estadual, destacamos a cidade de Niterói como uma experiência de resposta integrada à pandemia com ações intersetoriais. Utilizando análise de documentos, notícias em mídias sociais e dados de disponibilidade pública, este estudo preliminar, sistematiza o conjunto de ações organizadas pelo município e os primeiros resultados obtidos. A Atenção Primária em Saúde que mostra sua força na articulação com programas de garantia de renda e proteção social, possibilitando resultados promissores e salvaguardas à atenção hospitalar e de emergência. Conclui-se com os desdobramentos exigidos na perspectiva de uma pandemia de duração prolongada que reconfigura o papel da A P S e sua relação com a rede de saúde e a comunidade
Pandemia; COVID-19; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Saúde Comunitária; Proteção Social.
Protective role of ginseng extract against oxidative stress, reproductive and some biochemical parameters alterations induced by doxorubicin in male rats
Authors: Kassem Mohammed , Ali Abdel-Fattah , Abo-kora Seham Y. , Shawky Nesreen 
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the modulating effect of ginseng against testicular toxicity, oxidative stress and changes in some biochemical parameters induced by doxorubicin. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups. The 1st group received distilled water orally (control group), The 2nd group received doxorubicin (5 mg/kg b.wt. intrapertenoineal) once a week for eight weeks, The 3rd group received ginseng extract (200 mg/kg b.wt.) daily for eight weeks and the 4th group received doxorubicin with ginseng extract by the same doses as in the 2nd and the 3rd groups respectively. At the end of the 8th week, blood and semen samples were taken for biochemical and semen analysis, respectively. The doxorubicin treated group had significantly higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with lower levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. In addition, a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSHPx), and glutathione (GSH) associated with higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed. At the same time, the group that took doxorubicin with ginseng did not differ from control group in terms of these parameters. Male fertility study showed changes in testosterone and semen analysis in both groups treated with doxorubicin, while the group that took doxorubicin with ginseng showed an improvement towards control levels of these parameters. Thus ginseng supplement can reduce the negative effects of doxorubicin- induce.Â Â
Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability
Authors: Selwet Marek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of a commercial bacterial inoculant (L1) and a preparation (L2) containing threeLactobacillusstrains capable of producing 1,2-propanediol and short-chain fatty acids on maize silage aerobic stability improvement. The research showed that during 90-day ensilage, the applied preparations significantly reduced the content of DM, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), pH and DM recovery (P< 0.05). The concentration of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) in the inoculated samples increased significantly (P< 0.05). 1,2-Propandiol and 1-propanol were not found in control silages (without additives). The addition of L1 and L2 significantly (P< 0.05) increased the concentration of these substances. The L1 and L2 mixtures significantly extended (P< 0.05) the silage aerobic stability.
Auf der Suche nach dem verlorenen Sinn? Unternehmer zwischen Gottesfurcht und Marktglaube im modernen Kapitalismus
Authors: Lutz Martin , Gehlen Boris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This issue takes a critical look at the secularity of the modern businessman as frequently postulated in research. For this purpose, the contributions examine the contingency management and interpretation of meaning on the part of both genuinely religious and non-religious businesspeople. How, and with which references, symbolisms and semantics, did businesspeople justify their actions and give them meaning? While some legitimised their actions by grounding these in religious belief, for others a belief in the market’s productive forces offered a preferable interpretation. In both cases, the actors constructed their respective "promises of salvation" in a similar way, attempting to give their actions meaning and eliminate self-doubt through ostentatious, ritualized and symbolic communication. This special issue ties in with current discussions in social science and history about the relationship between religion and the economy. By drawing on cultural historical approaches, it offers new insights into the legitimation of entrepreneurial action in modern capitalism.
Gott, Natur, Markt
Authors: Catherine Davies H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article compares the semantics of economic crises in the second half of the 19th century, focussing on the German-speaking world during the crises of 1857 and 1873. It examines, firstly, religious interpretations of the crises, arguing that these were on the wane. Even during the earlier crisis of 1857 they only played a role in a few instances. Secondly, the article examines the semantics employed by entrepreneurs, as found in annual reports by chambers of commerce. During both crises, the authors of these reports criticized the misdeeds of individual entrepreneurs. In 1857/58, this co-existed with the use of metaphors of physiology and meteorology. In the 1870s, by contrast, such metaphors were less frequent.
Quasi-subfield Polynomials and the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem
Authors: Huang Ming-Deh , Kosters Michiel , Petit Christophe , Yeo Sze Ling , Yun Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe initiate the study of a new class of polynomials which we call quasi-subfield polynomials. First, we show that this class of polynomials could lead to more efficient attacks for the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem via the index calculus approach. Specifically, we use these polynomials to construct factor bases for the index calculus approach and we provide explicit complexity bounds. Next, we investigate the existence of quasi-subfield polynomials.
A signature scheme from the finite field isomorphism problem
Authors: Hoffstein Jeffrey , Silverman Joseph H. , Whyte William , Zhang Zhenfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper the authors and their collaborators proposed a new hard problem, called the finite field isomorphism problem, and they used it to construct a fully homomorphic encryption scheme. In this paper, we investigate how one might build a digital signature scheme from this new problem. Intuitively, the hidden field isomorphism allows us to convert short vectors in the underlying lattice of one field into generic looking vectors in an isomorphic field.
Flattening NTRU for Evaluation Key Free Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Doröz Yarkın , Sunar Berk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose a new FHE scheme F-NTRU that adopts the flattening technique proposed in GSW to derive an NTRU based scheme that (similar to GSW) does not require evaluation keys or key switching. Our scheme eliminates the decision small polynomial ratio assumption but relies only on the standard R-LWE assumption. It uses wide key distributions, and hence is immune to Subfield Lattice Attack. In practice, our scheme achieves competitive timings compared to the existing schemes. We are able to compute a homomorphic multiplication in 24.4 msec and 76.0 msec for 5 and 30 levels, respectively, without amortization. Furthermore, our scheme features small ciphertexts, e.g. 2376 KB for 30 levels. The assurance gained by using wide key distributions along with the message space flexibility of the scheme, i.e. bits, binary polynomials, and integers with a large message space, allows the use of the proposed scheme in a wide array of applications.
Efficacy of pembrolizumab for advanced/metastatic melanoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Huo Geng-wei , Zhang Hong-zhen , Song Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study evaluates the efficacy of pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced/metastatic melanoma. The literature search was conducted in electronic databases for studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab either alone or in combination with other treatments advanced/metastatic melanoma patients. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve pooled effect sizes of response and survival rates. The overall objective response rate (ORR) was 34.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 30.4, 38.0]. However, ORR differed with respect to the history of prior systemic therapy. ORR was lower in studies with over 50% patients with prior therapy (25.5% [22.4, 28.5]) than in studies with under 50% patients with prior therapy (40.1% [34.1, 46.1]). ORR was higher in pembrolizumab monotherapy (32.9% [28.1, 37.7]) than in pembrolizumab–ipilimumab combination (27.6% [24.0, 31.2]). Overall ORR was inversely associated with visceral metastasis and prior systemic therapy. With pembrolizumab treatment, either alone or in combination, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.73 months; 12-, 24-, and 60-month PFS rate were 44%, 27%, and 25%, respectively; and 12-, 24-, and 60-month overall survival rates were 65%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. The percentage of AEs that led to treatment discontinuation was 13%. Pembrolizumab monotherapy is a valuable option for the treatment of advanced/metastatic melanoma patients.
The crystal structure of 3,5-difluoroisonicotinic acid, C6H3F2NO2
Authors: Zeng Yan , Du Chao-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C6H3F2NO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.8050(10) Å, b = 6.8443(9) Å, c = 12.7196(14) Å, β = 94.562(4)°, V = 590.54(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0395, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1038, T = 150(2) K.
Co-constructed oppositional stance and facework in an office hour interaction
Authors: Çiftçi Hatime , Vásquez Camilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStance plays a salient role in communicating interpersonal meaning through language use. Understanding stance as co-constructed within dialogic interaction uncovers subtleties of how interlocutors use language to express their subjectivities and thus, negotiate their interpersonal relationship. The notion of face and facework, or relational work (Locher 2004), is therefore relevant to the understanding of stance in interaction. Drawing on Du Bois’ (2007) stance triangle, our study analyzes oppositional stance in a single, extended interaction and shows how two interlocutors in an academic setting jointly construct oppositional stance, each by drawing on their own interpretations. Our analysis indicates that this co-constructed oppositional stance is enacted throughout three broader stages, which we call initiation, negotiation, and resolution. We also demonstrate that expressing oppositional stance is a complex process where interlocutors employ various discourse strategies to express pessimistic evaluation, shifting positionings, and (dis)alignment. Meanwhile, instances of oppositional stance become face-maintaining and face-challenging at different stages in which directness and indirectness are variably employed.