bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of numerical modeling of flows in cellular structures of various species
Authors: Naprasnikov V. V. , Polozkov V. V. , Borodulya A. V. , Kunkevich D. P. 
Published: September 2020

When creating cellular structures, one of the tasks is to study the flows of liquids in the cavities of structures in order to obtain data on the velocities, pressures, and features of the current lines. The properties of cellular structures depend on the geometry of the cavities and their relative position.The article describes the sequence of stages of modeling fluid flow in the cavities of cellular structures and the results of variant calculations for various types of such structures.
Establishment of a Predictive Model for Factors Related to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors: Ju Min , Zheng Jin , Gao Lin Lin , Pan Li Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a primary treatment method for renal stones, but infection is a very common postoperative complication. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a stage of the infection process and a very important early clinical manifestation of sepsis, so identifying the risk factors associated with SIRS after PCNL is important for ensuring patient safety and preventing sepsis.Objective: To analyze the risk factors for SIRS after PCNL, identify the predictive factors, and perform risk factor analysis.Methodology: Between September 2016 and September 2017, 352 patients who were diagnosed with renal stones and treated with PCNL were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether SIRS occurred. Univariate analysis was performed on the related risk factors, including patient age; gender; body mass index; urine culture; number, types and quantity of rental stones; diabetes; blood glucose; complications; hospital stay; residual stones; and Guy’s degree. Then, logistic regression was used to perform multivariate analysis and establish a predictive model.Results: A total of 352 patients with renal stones were treated with PCNL, and 106 patients (30.1%) developed SIRS after surgery. Operative time, preoperative fever and diabetes were found to be risk factors, and the logistic regression results indicated that diabetes (OR=2.049, 95%CI 1.008~4.166) and operative time (OR=1.011, 95%CI 1.003~1.019) could be entered into the regression equation. Therefore, the predictive regression model was P=1/[1+e-(-2.097+0.712 diabetes + 0.012 operative time)].Conclusion: Diabetes and operative time are independent risk factors for SIRS after PCNL, so the probability of SIRS after PCNL can be determined according to these two indicators.
Investigating knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 outbreak among Bangladeshi young adults: A web-based cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Banik Rajon , Rahman Mahmudur , Sikder Md. Tajuddin , Rahman Quazi Maksudur , Pranta Mamun Ur Rashid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among young adults in Bangladesh. Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 5th May to 25th May 2020. Young adults aged between 18-35 years were approached via social media to complete an online questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and KAP towards COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple logistic regression were conducted.Results: Of the 707 survey participants, the majority were male (57.1%), with a mean age of 25.03 (SD: 4.26) years, 60.3% were students, 57% had a bachelor's degree, and 64.4% were urban residents. Participants gather information on COVID-19 mostly through Social media (70.4%). Overall, 61.2% had adequate knowledge with 78.9% having a positive attitude towards COVID-19 and only 51.6% had good practices. Most (86.8%) of the participants were confident that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and Bangladesh was handling the COVID-19 health crisis well (84.20%). Only 75.2% of participants always washed hands with soap or hand-sanitizer and 70.6% wore a mask when going outside the home in recent days. Factors associated with adequate knowledge were being female, having a master's degree and above, and living in an urban area (𝑝 < 0.05). Participants having adequate knowledge of COVID-19 had higher likelihood of positive attitudes (OR: 6.41, 95% CI = 2.34-25.56, 𝑝 = 0.000) and good practices (OR: 8.93, 95% CI = 3.92-38.42, 𝑝 = 0.000).Conclusion: Introducing effective COVID-19 Health campaigns incorporating factors to influence KAP is urgently needed.
Worldwide inverse correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization and COVID-19 mortality
Authors: Li Willis X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to all countries in the world after more than half a year since it was first reported in late 2019, and different countries have been impacted differently. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate COVID-19 deaths and cases relative to nine other demographic and socioeconomic factors in all countries and regions of the world using data as of August 1, 2020. The factors analyzed in the study include a country’s total COVID-19 deaths and cases per million population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, virus tests per million population, median age, government response stringency index, hospital beds availability per thousand population, extreme poverty rate, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination rate, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization rate. The study reveals that COVID-19 deaths per million population in a country most significantly correlates, inversely, with the country’s BCG vaccination rate, and also significantly correlates a country’s per capita GDP and median age, while COVID-19 cases per million population significantly correlate with per capita GDP and tests per thousand population. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the notion that BCG vaccination may be protective against COVID-19 mortality.
The Immunogenicity and Immunoprotection Identification of Adhesion Protein 65 (AP65) of Trichomonas Vaginalis
Authors: Zhang Zhenchao , Song Xiaoxiao , Zhang Zhengbo , Li Haoran , Duan Yujuan , Zhang Hao , Lu Haoran , Luo Chengyang , Wang Shuai , Wang Mingyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Adhering to the epithelial lining along the urogenital track of the host is the prerequisite for Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) to inflict its parasitism and pathogenicity, causing urogenital infection. The AP65 of T. vaginalis (TvAP65) involves in the process of adhesion. So, the present study was aimed at investigating the molecular characterization and vaccine candidacy of TvAP65 for protecting the host from the onset of Trichomoniasis.Methods: The open reading frame (ORF) of TvAP65 was amplified and then inserted into pET-32a (+) to clone recombinant TvAP65 (rTvAP65). The immunoblotting determined the immunogenicity and molecular size of TvAP65, while immunofluorescence staining visualized and the precise localization of TvAP65 in T. vaginalis trophozoites. The animal challenged with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) test was used to evaluate the immunoprotection and the types of the immune response of TvAP65.Results: By the sequence analysis, TvAP65 encoded a 63.13 kDa protein that aligned 567 amino acid residues together with a high antigenic index. The western blotting then revealed that rTvAP65 and native TvAP65 could interact with the antibodies in the rat serums post hoc rTvAP65 immunization and the serums from the mice that were experimentally infected with T. vaginalis, respectively. Immunofluorescence stained TvAP65 on the surface of T. vaginalis trophozoites. Moreover, following emulsification with Freund’s adjuvant, rTvAP65 was subsequently administered to BALB/c mice three times at 0, 2, and 4 weeks and the results from this animal challenge experiments showed significant increases in immunoglobulins of IgG2a, IgG1, and IgG, and proinflammatory factors of IFN-γ, and IL-2, and 10. Lastly, rTvAP65 vaccinated animals had a prolonged survival time (26.80 ± 4.05) after challenged by T. vaginalis. Conclusions: TvAP65 mediated the adhesion of T. vaginalis to the host epithelia for the pathogenesis of the parasite and can be considered as a candidate protein for designing a functional vaccine that induces cell-mediated and humoral immunity against the T. vaginalis infection.
Contextualising the Pharmacist Practicing Clinical Pharmacy in South Africa – Do we Practice What we Preach?
Authors: Bronkhorst Elmien , Schellack Natalie , Gous Andries GS 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The National Department of Health published their Quality Standards for Healthcare Establishments in South Africa and introduced the National Health Insurance (NHI), with the pilot phase that commenced in 2012. The system requires an adequate supply of pharmaceutical personnel and the direct involvement of clinical pharmacists throughout the medication-use process to ensure continuity of care, minimised risk with increasing improvement of patient outcomes. The study aimed to provide insight into the pressing issues of clinical pharmacy practice in South Africa, and sets out to contextualise the current profile of the pharmacist performing clinical functions.Methods: The study used a quantitative, explorative, cross-sectional design. The population included pharmacists from private and public tertiary hospitals. A questionnaire was administered, using Typeform™. Ethics approval was obtained from relevant role-players. Categorical data were summarised using frequency counts and percentages; continuous data were summarised by mean values and standard deviations.Results: The sample size included 70 pharmacists (private sector n=59; public sector n=11). Most participants hold a BPharm degree (64%; n=70). No statistical significance was found between participants in private and public practice. Most pharmacist agreed (32% (private); n=59) and strongly agreed (45% (public); n=11) to have sufficient training to perform pharmaceutical care. The majority respondents felt that interventions made by the pharmacist improved the rational use of medicine (47% (private); n=59; 55% (public); n=11), that pharmacist interventions influence prescribing patterns (42% (private); n=59; 64% (public); n=11) and reduce polypharmacy (41% (private); n=59; 55% (public); n=11). Clinical functions performed most are evaluation of prescriptions (private 90%; public 82%) while the top logistical function for private is daily ordering of medication (40.7%), and public checking of ward stock (36%).Conclusion: Although not all pharmacists appointed in South Africa has completed the MPharm degree in clinical pharmacy, the pharmacists at ward level perform numerous clinical functions, even if only for a small part of their workday. This paper sets the way to standardise practices of clinical pharmacy in South Africa, with a reflection on the differences in practice in different institutions.
Safety and Efficacy of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery for High-Grade Gliomas at First Recurrence: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Guan Yun , Xiong Ji , Pan Mingyuan , Shi Wenyin , Li Jing , Zhu Huaguang , Gong Xiu , Li Chao , Mei Guanghai , Liu Xiaoxia , Pan Li , Dai Jiazhong , Wang Yang , Wang Enmin , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGG) remains uncertain. This research aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife radiosurgery as a salvage treatment for high-grade gliomas at first recurrence that within the radiation field.Methods: Between January 2016 and October 2019, rHGG patients treated with CyberKnife radiosurgery were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was OS, and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity. Toxicity was assessed using CTCAE 5.0. The prognostic value of key clinical features (age, performance status, planning target volume, dose, use of bevacizumab) were evaluated.Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Forty patients were male and 30 were female. Forty-nine had an initial diagnosis Glioblastoma (GBM), and rest (21) were WHO Grade 3 Gliomas. The median planning target volume (PTV) was 16.68 cm3 (0.81–121.96 cm3). The median prescribed dose was 24 Gy (12-30 Gy) in 4 fractions (2-6 fractions). Median baseline Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) is 70 (40-90). With a median follow-up of 12.1 months, the median overall survival after salvage treatment was 17.6 months (19.5 and 14.6 months for grade 3 and 4 gliomas; p = 0.039). No grade 3 or higher toxicities was recorded. Multivariate analysis showed concurrent bevacizumab with radiosurgery and KPS>70 were favorable prognostic factors for grade 4 patients.Conclusions: Salvage CyberKnife radiosurgery showed a favorable outcome and acceptable toxicity for rHGG. A prospective phase II study (NCT04197492) is ongoing to further investigate the value of HSRS in rHGG.
WITHDRAWN: Optimization of process parameters for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plackett-Burman and 3-level Box–Behnken Design
Authors: R Halima , Narula Archna , Sivakiran R.R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:
The present work describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from leaf extracts of Piper betle and Jatropha curcas using a green approach. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is superior over other methods of synthesis as it is ecofriendly and cost effective. The phytochemical components in the leaf extract play a vital role in reducing the AgNO3 and hence synthesizing the silver nanoparticles. During this reduction activity, the several factors which affect the synthesis of nanoparticles were investigated and optimized according to the yield of nanoparticles. The experimental conditions investigated were pH, temperature, pressure, time of reaction, microwave radiation, UV radiation and concentration of plant extract, silver nitrate & sunlight. Satisfactory yields of silver nanoparticles synthesis from plant extract were obtained by using optimum conditions when compared to conventional synthesis of nanoparticles. The optimization parameter was later
Result:
A mathematical model was formulated to correlate the interactive influence of the parameters and the significant reduction. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) indicated that concentration of plant extract, concentration of silver nitrate and sunlight were the major parameters affecting the synthesis of silver nanoparticle. The mutual interactions of these variables are mapped in the design by 3 Box-Behnken design (BBD). The significant factors and their interactions in the green synthesis were examined by analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result indicated that the BBD was a good predictive model for the experimental results. Though the plant extracts are different, the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticle after optimization of parameters showed uniform size and shape i.e. spherical shape and size of 41 nm.
Conclusion:
The silver nanoparticles were synthesized under different optimization parameters were uniformly shaped (spherical) and sized (41 nm) particles. The mathematical models Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken helped in analyzing the impact of the optimization parameters.
Applying an Interspersed Online and Offline Teaching Strategy in Medicinal Chemistry to Cultivate Research Interest and Innovation Skills in Undergraduate Pharmacy Students
Authors: Ying Huazhou , Liu Tao , Sheng Rong , Chen Wenteng , Dong Xiaowu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Medicinal chemistry is one of the most important professional courses for undergraduate pharmacy students. It plays an essential role in the cultivation of innovative pharmaceutical talents, especially for drug discovery and development. Methods: We present here a new teaching system that integrates a cloud-based teaching platform, as well as applying an interspersed online and offline teaching strategy in an undergraduate medicinal chemistry course. Results: The innovative teaching mode increases undergraduates' interest and understanding of medicinal chemistry topics as well as the frontiers and technologies in new drug discovery. Furthermore, it promotes effective communication between teachers and students resulting in increased research interest and innovation skills of undergraduates.
Psychosocial Healthcare Centres (CAPS) in Brazilian Mental Health Policy, 2008-2017
Authors: Barbosa Rafael da Silva , Garcia Maria Lucia Teixeira , Spolander Gary C , Oliveira Edineia Figueira dos Anjos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Psychosocial Healthcare Centres have been promoted by Brazilian mental health policy along with a guaranteed financing from the Ministry of Health. This paper used Strata 2014 data to analyse the extent of Psychosocial Healthcare Centres care capacity available for user as the central driver of mental health care in Brazil. Retrospective, descriptive study with secondary data analysis of services was undertaken using data from Brazilian federal government databases. Brazil does not have 100% mental health care coverage and our analysis, using the Brazilian Health Ministry criteria, identified only 36% (842) municipalities have been adequately resourced. Our analysis identified that while the number of CAPS units increased around 100%, due to increased extra-hospital and community services in the period, effective cover reduced due to budget cuts and increases as a result of rights to access. The Ministry of Health identified coverage in the ratio of 1 CAPS / 100 thousand inhabitants, although CAPS availability is not the only parameter for assessing mental health coverage. Within municipalities, the mental health network is not synonymous with CAPS nor its quality. We believe that the priority given to investing in CAPS, without guaranteeing resources for other mental health intervention, may negate the efforts of building of a network of new de-institutionalising services which replaced traditional models.
Plasmodium Falciparum Regulates Transcriptional Output by Modulating The Activity of RNA Polymerase II Rather Than Its Recruitment
Authors: Khandelia Ragini Rai , Mohan Aarthi , Zhu Lei , Zheng Jie , Featherstone Mark Stephen , Bozdech Zbynek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The asexual phase of the unicellular eukaryotic parasite Plasmodium falciparum takes place in the human red blood cell (RBC). During the 48 h between RBC infection and the release of new progeny – the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) – transcripts levels for most of the parasite’s ~5,772 genes are set by the integration of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Transcription of eukaryotic protein coding genes is carried out by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) whose functional states are reflected by the phosphorylation status of serine residues at positions 2 and 5 within the so-called heptad repeats within the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the catalytic subunit, RPB1; unphosphorylated or Ser5-phosphorylated RNAPII correspond to uninitiated and initiating states, while phosphorylation at Ser2 is associated with the processive elongating form of the polymerase. Transcriptional control over the IDC could impinge on RNAPII recruitment, initiation, and conversion to processive elongation. To distinguish the contribution of these potential regulatory steps to transcriptional control during infection, we used ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to determine the genome-wide distribution of three RNAPII phosphoisoforms as well as total RNAPII and correlated occupancy with mRNA levels across the three stages of the IDC.ResultsWe find that most genes are occupied by RNAPII along the length of the coding region at all stages of the IDC, regardless of transcript output, with RNAPII accumulation of all forms strongly biased toward the coding region. Total RNAPII levels at a given gene are relatively constant across the IDC. By contrast, occupancy by the elongating form of the polymerase shows a strong positive correlation with mRNA abundance. ConclusionsThese observations reveal that transcriptional activation during the IDC is not regulated primarily at the level of RNAPII recruitment, but rather through the conversion of RNAPII to its processive elongating form. Our results have implications for the expected roles of enhancers and transcription factors in the parasite and support a major role for the control of transcriptional pausing.
Evaluating Context-Specific Evidence-Based Quality Improvement Intervention on Lymphatic Filariasis Mass Drug Administration in Northern Ghana using the RE-AIM Framework.
Authors: Manyeh Alfred Kwesi , Chirwa Tobias , Ramaswamy Rohit , Baiden Frank , Ibisomi Latifat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOver a decade of implementing a global strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Ghana through mass drug administration, the disease is still being transmitted in 22 districts out of an initial 98 endemic districts identified in 2000. A context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention was implemented in the Bole District of Northern Ghana after an initial needs assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the process and impact of the intervention on implementation of lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration in Bole District of Northern Ghana. MethodThe study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework based on a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention. Results The findings of the evaluation showed that there was an improvement in social mobilization and sensitization, knowledge about lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration process, willingness to ingest the medication, and adherence to the directly observe treatment strategy. We observed a 6.3% increase in the district mass drug administration coverage and reduction in self-reported adverse drug reaction. The level of reach, effectiveness and adoption as the district, sub-district and at the individual participants’ level suggest that the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention is feasible to implement in LF hotspot districts based on initial context-specific needs assessment. ConclusionThe study provided the groundwork for future application of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation of context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention to improve mass drug administration towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.