bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave absorption study of dried banana leaves-based single-layer microwave absorber
Authors: Pattanayak Soumya Sundar , Laskar S. H. , Sahoo Swagatadeb 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ever-increasing use of electronic devices leads to a dangerous upsurge in the emission of microwave radiation; this has drawn appreciable concern in the fabrication of eco-friendly microwave absorber (MA) and it can be a prospective alternative. Present work, in the quest for possible alternatives, explores carbon-rich agricultural residues such as dry banana leaves as a microwave-absorbing material. The variation of microwave absorption efficiency with an increase in the percentage of resin has been already reported. An extensive study on the microwave absorption efficiency of dried banana leaves with sample preparation and reflectivity analysis by hardware measurement, and simulative analysis using CST microwave studio suite for different thicknesses in the frequency range of 1–20 GHz has been also explored in the present work. Single-layer MA thickness variation establishes different microwave absorption performance.
Black Carbon and Precipitation: An Energetics Perspective
Authors: Sand M. , Samset B. H. , Tsigaridis K. , Bauer S. E. , Myhre G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosols influence precipitation through a range of processes. The climate response to the presence of BC is however highly dependent on its vertical distribution. Here, we analyze the changes in the energy budget and precipitation impacts of adding a layer of BC at a range of altitudes in two independent global climate models. The models are run with atmosphere‐only and slab ocean model setup to analyze both fast and slow responses, respectively. Globally, precipitation changes are tightly coupled to the energy budget. We decompose the precipitation change into contributions from absorption of solar radiation, atmospheric longwave radiative cooling, and sensible heat flux at the surface. We find that for atmosphere‐only simulations, BC rapidly suppresses precipitation, independent of altitude, mainly because of strong atmospheric absorption. This reduction is offset by increased atmospheric radiative longwave cooling and reduced sensible heat flux at the surface, but not of sufficient magnitude to prevent reduced precipitation. On longer timescales, when the surface temperature is allowed to respond, we find that the precipitation increase associated with surface warming can compensate for the initial reduction, particularly for BC in the lower atmosphere. Even though the underlying processes are strikingly similar in the two models, the resulting change in precipitation and temperature by BC differ quite substantially.
Crustal Deformation in Southern California Constrained by Radial Anisotropy From Ambient Noise Adjoint Tomography
Authors: Wang Kai , Jiang Chengxin , Yang Yingjie , Schulte‐Pelkum Vera , Liu Qinya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe build a new radially anisotropic shear wave velocity model of Southern California based on ambient noise adjoint tomography to investigate crustal deformation associated with Cenozoic evolution of the Pacific‐North American plate boundary. Pervasive positive radial anisotropy (4%) is observed in the crust east of the San Andreas Fault (SAF), attributed to subhorizontal alignment of mica/amphibole foliation planes resulting from significant crustal extension. Substantial negative anisotropy (6%) is revealed in the middle/lower crust west of the SAF, where high shear wave speeds are also observed. The negative anisotropy could result from steeply dipping amphibole schists in a shear zone developed during Laramide flat slab subduction. Alternatively, it could be caused by the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of plagioclase, whose fast axis aligns orthogonally to a presumed subhorizontal foliation. The latter new mechanism highlights potentially complex CPO patterns resulting from different lithospheric mineralogy, as suggested by laboratory experiments on xenoliths from the region.
Joint Modeling of Crop and Irrigation in the central United States Using the Noah‐MP Land Surface Model
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Barlage Michael , Chen Fei , Li Yanping , Helgason Warren , Xu Xiaoyu , Liu Xing , Li Zhenhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRepresenting climate‐crop interactions is critical to Earth system modeling. Despite recent progress in modeling dynamic crop growth and irrigation in land surface models (LSMs), transitioning these models from field to regional scales is still challenging. This study applies the Noah‐MP LSM with dynamic crop‐growth and irrigation schemes to jointly simulate the crop yield and irrigation amount for corn and soybean in the central United States. The model performance of crop yield and irrigation amount are evaluated at county‐level against the USDA reports and USGS water withdrawal data, respectively. The bulk simulation (with uniform planting/harvesting management and no irrigation) produces significant biases in crop yield estimates for all planting regions, with root‐mean‐square‐errors (RMSEs) being 28.1% and 28.4% for corn and soybean, respectively. Without an irrigation scheme, the crop yields in the irrigated regions are reduced due to water stress with RMSEs of 48.7% and 20.5%. Applying a dynamic irrigation scheme effectively improves crop yields in irrigated regions and reduces RMSEs to 22.3% and 16.8%. In rainfed regions, the model overestimates crop yields. Applying spatially varied planting and harvesting dates at state‐level reduces crop yields and irrigation amount for both crops, especially in northern states. A “nitrogen‐stressed” simulation is conducted and found that the improvement of irrigation on crop yields is limited when the crops are under nitrogen stress. Several uncertainties in modeling crop growth are identified, including yield‐gap, planting date, rubisco capacity, and discrepancies between available data sets, pointing to future efforts to incorporating spatially varying crop parameters to better constrain crop growing seasons.
Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in US preterm infants after the 2014 change in immunoprophylaxis guidance by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Authors: Krilov Leonard R. , Anderson Evan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPalivizumab is the only licensed and effective immunoprophylaxis (IP) available to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in high-risk infants including infants born at ≤35 weeks’ gestational age (wGA). In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics stopped recommending IP for otherwise healthy 29–34 wGA infants, stating that their risk of RSV hospitalization (RSVH) was similar to term infants. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant decline in IP use after 2014 that was accompanied by an increased risk of RSVH in 29–34 wGA infants vs term infants. Severity and healthcare utilization of RSVH were high among 29–34 wGA infants. In 2018, the National Perinatal Association developed guidelines advocating IP use in all ≤32 wGA infants and 32–35 wGA infants with additional risk factors. Risk factor predictive models can identify infants who are at risk for RSVH and promote cost-effective use of palivizumab until new methods of RSV prevention become available.
Alien ectomycorrhizal plants differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in novel sites
Authors: Vlk Lukáš , Tedersoo Leho , Antl Tomáš , Větrovský Tomáš , Abarenkov Kessy , Pergl Jan , Albrechtová Jana , Vosátka Miroslav , Baldrian Petr , Pyšek Petr , Kohout Petr 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Alien plants represent a potential threat to environment and society. Understanding the process of alien plants naturalization is therefore of primary importance. In alien plants, successful establishment can be constrained by the absence of suitable fungal partners. Here, we used 42 independent datasets of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) communities associated with alien Pinaceae and Eucalyptus spp., as the most commonly introduced tree species worldwide, to explore the strategies these plant groups utilize to establish symbioses with EcMF in the areas of introduction. We have also determined the differences in composition of EcMF communities associated with alien ectomycorrhizal plants in different regions. While alien Pinaceae introduced to new regions rely upon association with co-introduced EcMF, alien Eucalyptus often form novel interactions with EcMF species native to the region where the plant was introduced. The region of origin primarily determines species composition of EcMF communities associated with alien Pinaceae in new areas, which may largely affect invasion potential of the alien plants. Our study shows that alien ectomycorrhizal plants largely differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in sites of introduction, which may potentially affect their invasive potential.
ASCL1-regulated DARPP-32 and t-DARPP stimulate small cell lung cancer growth and neuroendocrine tumour cell proliferation
Authors: Alam Sk. Kayum , Wang Li , Ren Yanan , Hernandez Christina E. , Kosari Farhad , Roden Anja C. , Yang Rendong , Hoeppner Luke H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer, and new molecular insights are necessary for prognostic and therapeutic advances.

Methods
Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) and its N-terminally truncated splice variant, t-DARPP, were stably overexpressed or ablated in human DMS-53 and H1048 SCLC cells. Functional assays and immunoblotting were used to assess how DARPP-32 isoforms regulate SCLC cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. DARPP-32-modulated SCLC cells were orthotopically injected into the lungs of SCID mice to evaluate how DARPP-32 and t-DARPP regulate neuroendocrine tumour growth. Immunostaining for DARPP-32 proteins was performed in SCLC patient-derived specimens. Bioinformatics analysis and subsequent transcription assays were used to determine the mechanistic basis of DARPP-32-regulated SCLC growth.

Results
We demonstrate in mice that DARPP-32 and t-DARPP promote SCLC growth through increased Akt/Erk-mediated proliferation and anti-apoptotic signalling. DARPP-32 isoforms are overexpressed in SCLC patient-derived tumour tissue, but undetectable in physiologically normal lung. Achaete-scute homologue 1 (ASCL1) transcriptionally activates DARPP-32 isoforms in human SCLC cells.

Conclusions
We reveal new regulatory mechanisms of SCLC oncogenesis that suggest DARPP-32 isoforms may represent a negative prognostic indicator for SCLC and serve as a potential target for the development of new therapies.
Effect of microvesicles from Moringa oleifera containing miRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cell lines
Authors: Potestà Marina , Roglia Valentina , Fanelli Marialaura , Pietrobono Elisa , Gismondi Angelo , Vumbaca Simone , Nguedia Tsangueu Rick Gildas , Canini Antonella , Colizzi Vittorio , Grelli Sandro , Minutolo Antonella , Montesano Carla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman microvesicles are key mediators of cell–cell communication. Exosomes function as microRNA transporters, playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Plant microvesicles (MVs) display similar features to mammalian exosomes, and these MVs might enhance plant microRNA delivery in mammals. Considering that plant microRNAs have been newly identified as bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, and that their potential role as regulators in mammals has been underlined, in this study, we characterized MVs purified fromMoringa oleiferaseeds aqueous extract (MOES MVs) and used flow cytometry methods to quantify the ability to deliver their content to host cells. The microRNAs present in MOES MVs were characterized, and through a bioinformatic analysis, specific human apoptosis-related target genes of plant miRNAs were identified. In tumor cell lines, MOES MVs treatment reduced viability, increased apoptosis levels associated with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, the effects observed with MOES MVs treatment were comparable to those observed with MOES treatment and transfection with the pool of small RNAs isolated from MOES, used as a control. These results highlight the role of microRNAs transported by MOES MVs as natural bioactive plant compounds that counteract tumorigenesis.
Reversible single crystal-to-single crystal double [2+2] cycloaddition induces multifunctional photo-mechano-electrochemical properties in framework materials
Authors: Sherman Dylan A. , Murase Ryuichi , Duyker Samuel G. , Gu Qinyi , Lewis William , Lu Teng , Liu Yun , D’Alessandro Deanna M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReversible structural transformations of porous coordination frameworks in response to external stimuli such as light, electrical potential, guest inclusion or pressure, amongst others, have been the subject of intense interest for applications in sensing, switching and molecular separations. Here we report a coordination framework based on an electroactive tetrathiafulvalene exhibiting a reversible single crystal-to-single crystal double [2 + 2] photocyclisation, leading to profound differences in the electrochemical, optical and mechanical properties of the material upon light irradiation. Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, in combination with in situ light-irradiated Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, revealed the variable mechanical properties of the framework that were supported using Density Functional Theory calculations. The reversible structural transformation points towards a plethora of potential applications for coordination frameworks in photo-mechanical and photoelectrochemical devices, such as light-driven actuators and photo-valves for targeted drug delivery.
Effects of nonequilibrium fluctuations on ultrafast short-range electron transfer dynamics
Authors: Lu Yangyi , Kundu Mainak , Zhong Dongping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA variety of electron transfer (ET) reactions in biological systems occurs at short distances and is ultrafast. Many of them show behaviors that deviate from the predictions of the classic Marcus theory. Here, we show that these ultrafast ET dynamics highly depend on the coupling between environmental fluctuations and ET reactions. We introduce a dynamic factor, γ (0 ≤ γ ≤ 1), to describe such coupling, with 0 referring to the system without coupling to a “frozen” environment, and 1 referring to the system’s complete coupling with the environment. Significantly, this system’s coupling with the environment modifies the reaction free energy, ΔGγ, and the reorganization energy, λγ, both of which become smaller. This new model explains the recent ultrafast dynamics in flavodoxin and elucidates the fundamental mechanism of nonequilibrium ET dynamics, which is critical to uncovering the molecular nature of many biological functions.
Whole-genome resequencing of wild and domestic sheep identifies genes associated with morphological and agronomic traits
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Ji , Shen Min , Xie Xing-Long , Liu Guang-Jian , Xu Ya-Xi , Lv Feng-Hua , Yang Hua , Yang Yong-Lin , Liu Chang-Bin , Zhou Ping , Wan Peng-Cheng , Zhang Yun-Sheng , Gao Lei , Yang Jing-Quan , Pi Wen-Hui , Ren Yan-Ling , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Wang Feng , Deng Juan , Xu Song-Song , Salehian-Dehkordi Hosein , Hehua Eer , Esmailizadeh Ali , Dehghani-Qanatqestani Mostafa , Štěpánek Ondřej , Weimann Christina , Erhardt Georg , Amane Agraw , Mwacharo Joram M. , Han Jian-Lin , Hanotte Olivier , Lenstra Johannes A. , Kantanen Juha , Coltman David W. , Kijas James W. , Bruford Michael W. , Periasamy Kathiravan , Wang Xin-Hua , Li Meng-Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variation in sheep (Ovis aries) may facilitate our efforts towards further improvement. Here, we report the deep resequencing of 248 sheep including the wild ancestor (O. orientalis), landraces, and improved breeds. We explored the sheep variome and selection signatures. We detected genomic regions harboring genes associated with distinct morphological and agronomic traits, which may be past and potential future targets of domestication, breeding, and selection. Furthermore, we found non-synonymous mutations in a set of plausible candidate genes and significant differences in their allele frequency distributions across breeds. We identified PDGFD as a likely causal gene for fat deposition in the tails of sheep through transcriptome, RT-PCR, qPCR, and Western blot analyses. Our results provide insights into the demographic history of sheep and a valuable genomic resource for future genetic studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of sheep and other domestic animals.
Natural variations at the Stay-Green gene promoter control lifespan and yield in rice cultivars
Authors: Shin Dongjin , Lee Sichul , Kim Tae-Heon , Lee Jong-Hee , Park Joonheum , Lee Jinwon , Lee Ji Yoon , Cho Lae-Hyeon , Choi Jae Young , Lee Wonhee , Park Ji-Hwan , Lee Dae-Woo , Ito Hisashi , Kim Dae Heon , Tanaka Ayumi , Cho Jun-Hyeon , Song You-Chun , Hwang Daehee , Purugganan Michael D. , Jeon Jong-Seong , An Gynheung , Nam Hong Gil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreased grain yield will be critical to meet the growing demand for food, and could be achieved by delaying crop senescence. Here, via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we uncover the genetic basis underlying distinct life cycles and senescence patterns of two rice subspecies, indica and japonica. Promoter variations in the Stay-Green (OsSGR) gene encoding the chlorophyll-degrading Mg++-dechelatase were found to trigger higher and earlier induction of OsSGR in indica, which accelerated senescence of indica rice cultivars. The indica-type promoter is present in a progenitor subspecies O. nivara and thus was acquired early during the evolution of rapid cycling trait in rice subspecies. Japonica OsSGR alleles introgressed into indica-type cultivars in Korean rice fields lead to delayed senescence, with increased grain yield and enhanced photosynthetic competence. Taken together, these data establish that naturally occurring OsSGR promoter and related lifespan variations can be exploited in breeding programs to augment rice yield.
Quantum-dot and organic hybrid tandem light-emitting diodes with multi-functionality of full-color-tunability and white-light-emission
Authors: Zhang Heng , Su Qiang , Chen Shuming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRealizing of full-color quantum-dot LED display remains a challenge because of the poor stability of the blue quantum-dot and the immature inkjet-printing color patterning technology. Here, we develop a multifunctional tandem LED by stacking a yellow quantum-dot LED with a blue organic LED using an indium–zinc oxide intermediate connecting electrode. Under parallel connection and alternate-current driving, the tandem LED is full-color-tunable, which can emit red, green and blue primary colors as well as arbitrary colors that cover a 63% National Television System Committee color triangle. Under series connection and direct current driving, the tandem LED can emit efficient white light with a high brightness of 107000 cd m−2and a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 26.02%. The demonstrated hybrid tandem LED, with multi-functionality of full-color-tunability and white light-emission, could find potential applications in both full-color-display and solid-state-lighting.
Large-scale wet-spinning of highly electroconductive MXene fibers
Authors: Eom Wonsik , Shin Hwansoo , Ambade Rohan B. , Lee Sang Hoon , Lee Ki Hyun , Kang Dong Jun , Han Tae Hee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTi3C2TxMXene is an emerging class of two-dimensional nanomaterials with exceptional electroconductivity and electrochemical properties, and is promising in the manufacturing of multifunctional macroscopic materials and nanomaterials. Herein, we develop a straightforward, continuously controlled, additive/binder-free method to fabricate pure MXene fibers via a large-scale wet-spinning assembly. Our MXene sheets (with an average lateral size of 5.11 μm2) are highly concentrated in water and do not form aggregates or undergo phase separation. Introducing ammonium ions during the coagulation process successfully assembles MXene sheets into flexible, meter-long fibers with very high electrical conductivity (7,713 S cm−1). The fabricated MXene fibers are comprehensively integrated by using them in electrical wires to switch on a light-emitting diode light and transmit electrical signals to earphones to demonstrate their application in electrical devices. Our wet-spinning strategy provides an approach for continuous mass production of MXene fibers for high-performance, next-generation, and wearable electronic devices.
Thiol Groups as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Koike Alexsandro , Robles Brunna Emanuella França , da Silva Bonacini Ana Gabriela , de Alcantara Camila Cataldi , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Dichi Isaias , Maes Michael , Cecchini Rubens , Simão Andréa Name Colado 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is associated with the onset of prostate cancer (PCa). The aims of this study are to examine whether OS biomarkers may be employed as external validating criteria for the diagnosis PCa. This case-control study recruited 204 subjects, 73 patients with PCa, 67 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 64 healthy controls (HC) and assayed plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA), protein thiol (−SH) groups, lipid hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins (PCB), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP). -SH groups were significantly and inversely associated with PSA levels. PCa was characterized by lowered -SH groups and red blood cell TRAP levels, and higher PSA, AOPP and PCB levels as compared with BPH and HC. Support vector machine with 10-fold cross-validation showed that PSA values together with -SH groups, PCB and AOPP yielded a cross-validation accuracy of 96.34% for the differentiation of PCa from BPH and HC. The area under the ROC curve using PSA and -SH differentiating PCa from BPH and controls was 0.945. Moreover, lowered -SH, but not PSA, are associated with PCa metastasis and progression. Inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with PCa or BPH. PCa, its progression and metastatic PCa are characterized by lowered antioxidant defenses, especially lowered thiol groups, and increased oxidative stress toxicity, suggesting that these processes play a key role in the pathophysiology of PCa. An algorithm based on -SH and PSA values may be used to differentiate patients with PCa from those with BPH and controls.