bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defensive Partisanship? Evidence that In‐Party Scandals Increase Out‐Party Hostility
Authors: Rothschild Zachary K. , Keefer Lucas A. , Hauri Julianna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContemporary U.S. politics is characterized by polarization and interpartisan antipathy. This is accompanied by a media landscape saturated with coverage of political scandals. Applying a social identity perspective, we examined whether exposure to scandals that threaten partisan's moral group image (i.e., in‐party scandals), may motivate defensive hostility against opposing partisans. Across three experiments we exposed U.S. partisans to scandals attributed to either in‐party or out‐party politicians. We then assessed partisan hostility using a variety of operationalizations, including anger at a real outgroup politician (Study 1), judgments about the alleged misdeeds of a fabricated outgroup politician (Study 2), and negative perceptions of opposing party members (Study 3). Strength of partisan identity was assessed as a predicted moderator (Study 3). As expected in‐ (vs. out‐) party scandals, were perceived as group‐image threats and elicited greater hostility towards opposing partisans, independent of partisans' ideological extremity or prior affective polarization.
Interactions between perceptions of fatigue, effort, and affect decrease knee extensor endurance performance following upper body motor activity, independent of changes in neuromuscular function
Authors: Greenhouse‐Tucknott A. , Wrightson J. G. , Raynsford M. , Harrison N. A. , Dekerle J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior exercise has previously been shown to impair subsequent endurance performance in non‐activated muscles. Declines in the neuromuscular function and altered perceptual/affective responses offer possible mechanisms through which endurance performance may be limited in these remote muscle groups. We thus conducted two experiments to better understand these performance‐limiting mechanisms. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of prior handgrip exercise on the behavioral, perceptual, and affective responses to a sustained, sub‐maximal contraction of the knee extensors. In the second experiment, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors before and after the handgrip exercise. The results of the first experiment demonstrated prior handgrip exercise increased the perceptions of effort and reduced affective valence during the subsequent knee extensor endurance exercise. Both effort and affect were associated with endurance performance. Subjective ratings of fatigue were also increased by the preceding handgrip exercise but were not directly related to knee extensor endurance performance. However, perceptions of fatigue were correlated with heightened effort perception and reduced affect during the knee extensor contraction. In the second experiment, prior handgrip exercise did not significantly alter the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors. The findings of the present study indicate that motor performance in the lower limbs following demanding exercise in the upper body appears to be regulated by complex, cognitive‐emotional interactions, which may emerge independent of altered neuromuscular function. Subjective fatigue states are implicated in the control of perceptual and affective processes responsible for the regulation of endurance performance.
Risk Analysis: Celebrating the Accomplishments and Embracing Ongoing Challenges
Authors: Greenberg Michael , Cox Anthony , Bier Vicki , Lambert Jim , Lowrie Karen , North Warner , Siegrist Michael , Wu Felicia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs part of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Society for Risk Analysis and Risk Analysis: An International Journal, this essay reviews the 10 most important accomplishments of risk analysis from 1980 to 2010, outlines major accomplishments in three major categories from 2011 to 2019, discusses how editors circulate authors’ accomplishments, and proposes 10 major risk‐related challenges for 2020–2030. Authors conclude that the next decade will severely test the field of risk analysis.
Risk Communication for Empowerment: Interventions in a Rohingya Refugee Settlement
Authors: Lejano Raul P. , Rahman Muhammad Saidur , Kabir Laila 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are many reasons that people, when warned of an impending extreme event, do not take proactive, self‐defensive action. We focus on one possible reason, which is that, sometimes, people lack a sense of agency or even experience disempowerment, which can lead to passivity. This article takes up one situation where the possibility of disempowerment is salient, that of Rohingya refugees who were evicted from their homes in Myanmar and forced to cross the border into neighboring Bangladesh. In their plight, we see the twin elements of marginalization and displacement acting jointly to produce heightened vulnerability to the risks from extreme weather. Building on a relational model of risk communication, a consortium of researchers and practitioners designed a risk communication training workshop that featured elements of empowerment‐based practice. The program was implemented in two refugee camps. Evaluation suggests that the workshop may have had an appreciable effect in increasing participants' sense of agency and hope, while decreasing their level of fatalism. The outcomes were considerably more positive for female than male participants, which has important implications. This work underscores the potential for participatory modes of risk communication to empower the more marginalized, and thus more vulnerable, members of society.
Subcutaneous emphysema following dental care of a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt: Case report
Authors: Fleagle Jenelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPediatric dental treatment utilizing an air‐driven handpiece and triplex syringe in the operating room has been common practice for many decades. Adverse effects with compressed air are rarely reported in the dental community but can cause serious complications for pediatric patients in the unlikely event they occur.Case reportWe present a case of subcutaneous emphysema of a 4‐year‐old presenting for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia, which was further complicated by the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and the patient's neuroatypical status. The subcutaneous emphysema was apparent at case completion with right unilateral swelling in the cervicofacial area extending from the infratemporal space to the periorbital buccal region. The most probable etiology was compressed air from a high‐speed handpiece dissecting through infected tissue during a crown preparation. Subcutaneous emphysema was managed by diagnostic radiographs, antibiotics coverage, and hospital observation due to patient's multiple health factors.ConclusionSubcutaneous emphysema appears to be a rare event in pediatric dental care; however, there is increased risk for complications in the unintentional occurrence. Subcutaneous emphysema is an important differential for facial swellings. Medically complex patients, such as this case, should involve a multidisciplinary team approach due to the proximity of the VP shunt.
Outpatient management of kidney transplant recipients with suspected COVID‐19—Single‐center experience during the New York City surge
Authors: Mehta Sapna A. , Leonard Jeanette , Labella Pauline , Cartiera Katarzyna , Soomro Irfana , Neumann Henry , Montgomery Robert A. , Ali Nicole M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData describing the clinical progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in transplant recipients are limited. In New York City during the surge in COVID‐19 cases, a systematic approach to monitoring and triaging immunocompromised transplant patients was required in the context of strained healthcare resources, limited outpatient testing, and heightened hospital exposure risks. Public health guidance at the onset of the COVID‐19 outbreak recommended outpatient monitoring of mildly symptomatic patients without specific recommendations for special populations such as transplant recipients. We developed and implemented a systematic monitoring algorithm for kidney transplant recipients at our transplant center who reported mild symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19. We describe the outcomes of the first 44 patients monitored through this algorithm. A total of 44 kidney transplant recipients thought to be symptomatic for COVID‐19 disease were followed for a minimum of 14 days. The majority of mildly symptomatic patients (34/44) had clinical progression of disease and were referred to the emergency department where they all tested PCR positive and required hospitalization. More than half of these patients presented with hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen, 39% were intubated within 48 hours, and 53% developed acute kidney injury but did not require dialysis. There were 6 deaths. During surge outbreaks, kidney transplant patients with even mild symptoms have a high likelihood of COVID‐19 disease and most will worsen requiring hospitalization for supportive measures. Earlier outpatient testing and hospitalization may improve COVID‐19 outcomes among transplant recipients.
The fungal NADPH oxidase is an essential element for the molecular dialog between Trichoderma and Arabidopsis
Authors: Villalobos‐Escobedo José M. , Esparza‐Reynoso Saraí , Pelagio‐Flores Ramón , López‐Ramírez Fabiola , Ruiz‐Herrera León F. , López‐Bucio José , Herrera‐Estrella Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYMembers of the fungal genus Trichoderma stimulate growth and reinforce plant immunity. Nevertheless, how fungal signaling elements mediate the establishment of a successful Trichoderma−plant interaction is largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed growth, root architecture and defense in an Arabidopsis−Trichoderma co‐cultivation system, including the wild‐type (WT) strain of the fungus and mutants affected in NADPH oxidase. Global gene expression profiles were assessed in both the plant and the fungus during the establishment of the interaction. Trichoderma atroviride WT improved root branching and growth of seedling as previously reported. This effect diminished in co‐cultivation with the ∆nox1, ∆nox2 and ∆noxR null mutants. The data gathered of the Arabidopsis interaction with the ∆noxR strain showed that the seedlings had a heightened immune response linked to jasmonic acid in roots and shoots. In the fungus, we observed repression of genes involved in complex carbohydrate degradation in the presence of the plant before contact. However, in the absence of NoxR, such repression was lost, apparently due to a poor ability to adequately utilize simple carbon sources such as sucrose, a typical plant exudate. Our results unveiled the critical role played by the Trichoderma NoxR in the establishment of a fine‐tuned communication between the plant and the fungus even before physical contact. In this dialog, the fungus appears to respond to the plant by adjusting its metabolism, while in the plant, fungal perception determines a delicate growth−defense balance.
Blood use for transvenous lead extractions at a high‐volume center
Authors: Cho Brian C. , Nyhan Sinead , Merkel Kevin R. , Hensley Nadia B. , Gehrie Eric A. , Choi Chun W. , Love Charles J. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDTransvenous lead extractions (TLEs) have increased in number due to an increased prevalence of cardiac implantable devices. Bleeding complications associated with TLEs can be catastrophic, and many institutions order blood components to be available in the procedure room. There are few studies supporting or refuting this practice. We evaluated transfusion rates for TLEs at a single, high‐volume center to assess the need for having blood in the procedure room.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPatients undergoing TLEs from April 2010 to February 2019 were identified from our institutional database. The percentage of patients transfused intraoperatively, the number of units transfused, and the reasons for transfusion were determined from the database and by manual chart review.RESULTSA total of 473 patients underwent a TLE during this time frame. Of these, only 17 patients (3.6%) received a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Ten of the 17 patients received RBCs secondary to preoperative anemia. Of the remaining seven patients, only four patients received more than 2 RBC units, and only one received more than 10 RBC units. No patient received more than 2 RBC units or any plasma or platelets in the past 4 years.CONCLUSIONDue to improvements in procedural techniques, advent of accessible remote blood allocation systems, and changes in transfusion practice (e.g., electronic crossmatch), routinely having blood components in the procedure room for every TLE may be an outdated practice for high‐volume centers.
Intraosseous transfusion of hemoglobin vesicles in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock with collapsed vessels in a rabbit model
Authors: Hagisawa Kohsuke , Kinoshita Manabu , Saitoh Daizoh , Morimoto Yuji , Sakai Hiromi 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDSIntravenous transfusion sometimes encounters difficulty under prehospital conditions when peripheral vessels are collapsed and inaccessible. We investigated whether the cellular type hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (Hemoglobin Vesicles: HbVs) allow intraosseous administration into blood circulation for the resuscitation of rabbits with severe hemorrhagic shock.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSNew Zealand white rabbits (2.5 kg average) were set in severe hemorrhagic shock [mean arterial pressure (MAP): 21 ± 2 mm Hg, Hb 5.1 ± 0.8 g/dL]. Immediately thereafter, 12 mL/kg of HbVs, 5% human serum albumin (HSA), autologous whole blood (WB), stored red blood cells (RBCs) or 36 mL/kg of Lactated Ringer's (LR) were intraosseously transfused, followed by an additional intraosseous transfusion with 8 mL/kg of HSA (following HbV, HSA or stored RBC transfusion), or WB or 24 mL/kg of LR (following LR transfusion), respectively.RESULTSIntraosseous transfusion of HbVs increased MAP (48 ± 9 mm Hg) and improved hypohemoglobinemia (7.1 ± 0.6 g/dL) as well as WB or RBC transfusion. In contrast, neither HSA nor LR improved hemodynamics or Hb levels. Seven out of 10 rabbits receiving HbVs survived for 24 hours, while only one out of 10 rabbits receiving LR survived (WB and RBC; 100% survivals, HSA; 30% survival).CONCLUSIONSIntraosseous infusion of HbVs might be an effective initial treatment to maintain hemodynamics during acute hemorrhagic shock. This approach could be used in emergency situations in which access to peripheral vessels is difficult.
The impact of blood product ratio and procoagulant therapy on the development of thromboembolic events in severely injured hemorrhaging trauma patients
Authors: Wirtz Mathijs R. , Schalkers Daisy V. , Goslings J. Carel , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTIONTransfusion therapy in hemorrhaging trauma patients is associated with the development of thromboembolic events. It is unknown whether current resuscitation strategies, including large volumes of plasma and early administration of procoagulant therapy, increases this risk.METHODSA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers and included if they reported on thromboembolic events in patients with severe trauma (injury severity score ≥16) who received transfusion of at least 1 unit of red blood cells. The ratio by which blood products were transfused, as well as use of procoagulant or antifibrinolytic medication, was recorded.RESULTSA total of 40 studies with 11.074 bleeding trauma patients were included, in which 1.145 thromboembolic events were reported, yielding an incidence of 10% thromboembolic events. In studies performing routine screening for thromboembolic complications, the incidence ranged from 12% to 23%. The risk of thromboembolic events was increased after administration of tranexamic acid (TXA; odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7‐4.1; p < 0.001) and fibrinogen concentrate (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐4.2; p = 0.04). Blood product ratio, the use of prothrombin complex concentrate or recombinant factor VIIa were not associated with thromboembolic events.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review identified an incidence of thromboembolic events of 10% in severely injured bleeding trauma patients. The use of TXA and fibrinogen concentrate was associated with the development of thromboembolic complications.
Effect of Weekly Training Frequency With the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle-Strain Risk Factors in Football Players: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Medeiros Thales M. , Ribeiro-Alvares João B. , Fritsch Carolina G. , Oliveira Gabriel S. , Severo-Silveira Lucas , Pappas Evangelos , Baroni Bruno M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To examine the differences between performing Nordic hamstring exercises once or twice a week on hamstring eccentric strength and other muscle-strain risk factors in high-level football players. Methods: In this randomized trial, 32 football players (18–23 y old) completed an 8-week Nordic hamstring exercise training program in 1 of 2 experimental groups: group 1 (once a week; n = 15) and group 2 (twice a week; n = 17). Knee-flexor/extensor peak torques and biceps femoris long-head muscle architecture were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after the training programs. Analysis of covariance, effect sizes (ESs), and t tests for percentage change were used to assess the effect of the 2 interventions on the outcome measures. Results: Group 2 demonstrated higher hamstring concentric peak torque than group 1 posttraining (155–164 vs 149–158 N·m; P = .043; ES = 0.27), although there was also a statistical trend for higher hamstring eccentric peak torque (212–234 vs 198–221 N·m; P = .098; ES = 0.37), hamstring-to-quadriceps conventional ratio (0.56–0.59 vs 0.54–0.57; P = .089; ES = 0.31), and hamstring-to-quadriceps functional ratio (0.76–0.84 vs 0.71–0.79; P = .076; ES = 0.50). No between-groups differences were found for muscle thickness (P = .864; ES = 0.12), pennation angle (P = .289; ES = 0.18), fascicle length (P = .406; ES = 0.03), and quadriceps concentric peak torque (P = .340; ES = 0.02). Conclusion: Only the Nordic hamstring exercise training program performed twice a week strengthened the hamstrings of high-level football players, while similar changes in muscle architecture occurred with both once- and twice-weekly sessions.
Chapter 4: Twitter as a Professional Development Platform Among U.S. Physical Education Teachers
Authors: R. Richards K. Andrew , Killian Chad M. , Kinder Christopher J. , Badshah Kaizeen , Cushing Casey 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how U.S. physical educators who actively engage with professional content on Twitter view it as a platform for continuing professional development. Method: Thirty-two U.S.-based physical educators participated in semistructured telephone interviews. Most of these teachers were White (n = 29; 91.00%) and taught in elementary schools (n = 26; 81.25%). The data were coded inductively and deductively, using role socialization theory as the guiding framework. Results: Four themes were generated: (a) socialization into Twitter takes time and is often encouraged by existing members; (b) socialization through Twitter focuses on improving practices via the sharing of resources; (c) everyone has a voice on Twitter, but the content requires critical appraisal; and (d) teachers create a community on Twitter that addresses marginalization and isolation. Discussion/Conclusion: The participants used Twitter to develop a sense of professional community and reduce perceptions of isolation. Twitter has the potential to support the improvement of practice through grassroots continuing professional development.
Impact of myopia on the association of long-term intraocular pressure
fluctuation with the rate of progression in normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Lee Jinho , Ahn Eun Jung , Kim Yong Woo , Ha Ahnul , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims
To investigate whether the association of long-term intraocular pressure
(IOP) fluctuation with the rate of progression of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG)
differs between myopia and non-myopia.

Methods
The medical records of 65 myopic NTG (axial length (AL) > 24.0 mm) and
64 non-myopic NTG eyes (AL < 24.0 mm), who had been treated with topical
medications for more than 5 years, were reviewed. Multiple linear regression
models were fitted to analyse the relationships of the slope of mean deviation
(MD) or visual field index (VFI) with the clinical factors, including the
interactions with myopia.

Results
The average follow-up period was 8.3 years. Twenty-two (22) non-myopic
eyes (34.4%) and 27 myopic eyes (41.5%) showed NTG progression (p=0.511). The
interaction of myopia with IOP fluctuation was a significant factor regarding
both MD and VFI slope (p=0.002, 0.024, respectively); stratified analyses
suggested that the risk effect of IOP fluctuation was significant only in
myopic NTG in terms of both MD (β= −1.27, p=0.003) and VFI slope (β=−2.32,
p=0.011).

Conclusion
Long-term IOP fluctuation was significantly related to faster visual field
progression in myopic NTG eyes, compared with non-myopic NTG eyes.