bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Croton delpyi, Croton decalvatusand Croton caudatus
Authors: Chaibun Sakchai , Pompimon Wilart , Tidchai Chanika , Chalaemwongwan Noraset , Wongping Jutarut , Kansorn Chidawan , Udomputtimekakul Phansuang , Meepowpan Puttinan , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Hadsadee Sarinya , Pikulthong Suttiporn , Nuntasaen Narong 
Published: July 2020

Background:
C. delpyi, C. decalvatus and C. caudatus are in the Euphorbiaceae family.
The aerial parts, such as twigs, leaves and barks of these plants are used as traditional medicine such
as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and antifungal properties.

Objectives:
The aims of this work were 1) to study the chemical composition of C. delpyi, C. decalvatus,
and C. caudatus 2) to test the antibacterial, anti-HIV-1 RT, and cytotoxicity activities of crude
extracts and pure compounds from these plants.

Methods:
Extraction, separation and purification of three plants were performed following chromatographic
method. The biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-HIV-1 RT and cytotoxicity
assay of three plants, were evaluated by the standard methods.

Results:
Phytochemical investigation of C. delpyi highlighted a new clerodane diterpenoid; crotondelpyitin
A (1). The five known compounds were found, such as acetyl aleuritolic acid (2), 5-
hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (3), and pilloin (4) in C. decalvatus and 3α-benzoyloxy-D while Afriedo-
oleanan-27,16α-lactone (5), and bergenin (6) in C. caudatus. Compound 3 showed the most
effective antibacterial activities with MIC in range <0.16 -1.25 mg/mL, and MBC in range 0.6 - >5.0
mg/mL. The six compounds were inactive with anti-HIV-1 RT. In addition, compound 4 was active
for cytotoxic activities on FaDu and KKU-M213 at <4 μg/mL.

Conclusion:
The present study reveals that the Croton species are sources of diterpenoid-type compounds
and a significant guide for further research of chemical constituents from these plants as potential
medicines.
CATER FOR PROPER ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL: PUT TO USE ARABIC CONSONANTS
Authors: Gusdian, M.A Rosalin Ismayoeng , Lestiono Riski 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana bunyi konsonan Hijaiyah diperkenalkan dalam pengajaran pronunciation di kelas Bahasa Inggris siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah dua guru Bahasa Inggris dari Sekolah Dasar Islam di Malang; kedua guru tersebut masing-masing mengajar kelas satu dan dua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditranskripsi, ditinjau, dan dieksplorasi dengan cermat. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa ada tiga teknik yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran pronunciation, yaitu drilling, sound imitation, dan tes. Selain itu, masing-masing teknik diintegrasikan ke dalam kegiatan EYL, melalui: menyanyikan lagu, mendongeng, dan permainan.
RECOUNTING AS REALIZATION OF BROWN AND LEVINSON’S POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN INSTRUCTIONAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Pramujiono Agung , Suhari Suhari , Indrayanti Tri , Rochmawati Dyah 
Published: July 2020

Dalam interaksi instruksional, seorang dosen dituntut mampu membangun harmoni di kelas sehingga terbangun suasana kelas yang kondusif sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bercerita sebagai realisasi strategi kesantunan positif Brown dan Levinson dalam interaksi instruksional di kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah enam orang dosen Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. Data penelitian berupa ujaran dosen dalam perkuliahan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik rekam dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif mengikuti model alir Miles dan Huberman. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan cerita yang digunakan meliputi cerita tentang diri dosen, cerita tentang mahasiswa, cerita tentang pengalaman dosen, dan cerita tentang tokoh/sikap tokoh. Selain berfungsi membangun kedekatan hubungan dengan interaktan, strategi bercerita juga berfungsi untuk menanamkan nilai karakter dan untuk memotivasi mahasiswa.
Synergistic Effect of Calcium Chloride and Chitosan Treatment on Physicochemical Characteristics of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) Fruit During Cool Storage
Authors: Minh Phuoc Nguyen  
Published: July 2020

Pineapple (Ananascomosus) is one of the most popular agricultural products in the world. It is well-known for its excellent flavour and taste, diversified valuable nutritional components as well as phytochemical and antioxidant properties. However it is quite perishable at ambient condition due to its high respiration rate. It is essential to find an appropriate strategy to extend its stability during storage. This study concentrates on the effectiveness of calcium chloride and chitosan treatments on the post-harvest physicochemical quality of pineapple during storage at 12oC and 80±5% relative humidity. The fruit was treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) via dipping for 4 min and chitosan (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% w/v) via coating. Different physicochemical parameters such as weight loss (%), firmness (N), decay percentage (%), total soluble solid (oBrix), ascorbic acid (mg/100g) were thoroughly examined, Our results showed that a combination of 2.0% CaCl2 with 1.5% chitosan created a synergistic effect on physicochemical characteristics of pineapple fruit during 14 days of cool storage. These results implied that calcium chloride combined with chitosan as edible coatings have potential to maintain fruit quality in respect of weight loss, firmness, total soluble solid, ascorbic acid while reducing post harvest spoilage (decay) in pineapple fruit.
Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Displacement by Using Retraction Paste and Retraction Cord- In-Vivo Pilot Study
Authors: Dr Karunakar Shetty  , Dr. Alghaydaa Saeed Alzhrani  , Dr. Maha Khalil Alotaibi  , Dr. Sarah Muteb Alotaibi  , Dr. Razan Yousef Almaghrabi  
Published: July 2020

Marginal integrity is one of the important principles of Tooth preparation. To achieve this, a satisfactory gingival displacement procedure is necessary. Aim of this study was to determine an appropriate gingival displacement and to access the gingival displacement on an unprepared tooth using retraction paste and impregnated retraction cord. Fourteen patients were chosen for this in vivo study. Oral prophylaxis was completed 15 days prior to the retraction procedure. Mandibular preliminary impressions were made using rubber base impression material. Gingival retraction procedure was carried out on the right and left 1st mandibular molars alternatively using retraction paste and retraction cord after 2 days of preliminary impression. Retraction paste was placed directly over the sulcus as per manufacturer’s instructions and kept for 2-3 minutes and rinsed and the required length of retraction cord was dispensed and placed into the gingival sulcus using a cord packer and cord was removed after 5 minutes. Post retraction measurements completed made an impression with rubber base impression material by using sectional tray alternatively. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA test, paired student t test with SPSS version 21. Patients were more comfortable with retraction paste as against gingival retraction cord with significance observed by observers 1, 3 and 4. (P<0.05). Retraction paste had significantly better retraction ability compared to retraction cord as observed by observer 1, 3 and 4 (p<0.05) whereas no significant difference was observed by observer 2(p>0.05). Retraction paste was significantly less time consuming compared to retraction cord as reported by observer 1 and 4 (P<0.05) and no significant differences between the two systems was reported by observer 3and 4(P>0.05.Within the limitations of the study, both retraction techniques showed adequate gingival retraction for the prosthesis and clinically insignificant differences were seen in both gingival retraction system regarding the retraction achieve. Retraction paste found to be easy for the control of hemorrhage and easy for placement and recommended to use where there is uncontrolled bleeding and sub-gingival finish lines of the tooth preparation However, the amount of vertical gingival retraction observed with the paste retraction system was significantly less than the medicated retraction cord.
Nematode Extract-Induced Resistance in Cowpea against M.Incognita
Authors: Avijit Mukherjee  
Published: July 2020

Every plant in the world has a special defence mechanism to protect themselves from their enemies. In India, total crop losses annually 10-40% by plant-parasitic nematodes. These plant parasitic nematodes are roundworms, which are microscopic in nature. Although there are hundred different kinds of plant parasitic nematodes infect plants, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the serious pest for cowpea plants. They manage to evolve sophisticated defence mechanism for their own protection and also creates interrelationship with the roots of their host plant to form giant cells. They also have the capacity to sense and respond to chemical signals of host plant and by this way they orient themselves within the roots and enhances own survival. Present investigation was carried out to establish the biocontrol potentiality of nematode extract (Meloidogyne sp.) on Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) L.walp variety infected with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid& White) Chitwood nematode. The result of in vitro laboratory bioassay showed that application of nematode extract safe for second- stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The result of in vivo test revealed that nematode extract increased growth of inoculated plants in terms of shoot length, shoot weight and root length as compared with inoculated untreated plants. Application of nematode extract showed reduction in root gall number and number of nematode eggs in inoculated roots. In nematode extract treated plants PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) activity generally increased in the roots which may interfere with infected juveniles at the time of root penetration. Although there are several current management practices have been identified for plant nematode control such as use of botanicles, cultural practices, physical methods, chemical nematicides etc but application of nematode extract is one of new method which ultimately reduces management cost and enhances crop production.
A Comparative Study on Total Muscle Protein Content of Anabas testudineus, Labeo gonius, Labeo rohita and Heteropneustes fossilis and to analyze their Electrophoretic Banding Pattern using SDS-PAGE
Authors: Dipika Doloi  , Devajit Basumatari  
Published: July 2020

India is undergoing nutrition transition and is facing the dual burden of malnutrition, problem of under-nutrition and malnutrition deficiencies. Fish is one such food that can solve the problem. Fresh fish flesh provides an excellent source of protein for human diet, which is relatively of digestibility, biological and growth promoting value for human consumption. The present study is aimed to determine the total muscle protein content of freshly killed fishes belonging to different species (Anabas testudineus [E1], Labeo gonius [E2], Labeo rohita [E3] and Heteropneustes fossilis [E4]) and also to analyze the electrophoretic banding pattern of muscle protein from the above species through SDS - PAGE gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis can be used to separate and visualize proteins. In SDS -PAGE, proteins are separated based on size. When protein samples are applied to such gels, it is usually necessary to know the protein content or concentration of the sa mple. The total muscle protein estimation was done by Lowry’s method using BSA protein as standard. The optical densit y was measured at 660 nm. The results showed that the total protein concentration of sample E1, E2, E3 and E4 was found to be 8.31±0.314 mg/ml, 7.65±0.333 mg/ml, 6.98±0.315 mg/ml and 8.98±0.483 mg/ml respectively. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis done in case of different fish species showed variation in the banding patterns, in which E1 and E4 showed maximum number of bands as compared to E2 and E3. Fishes belonging to the gro up of catfishes and perches were found to contain more amount of protein as compared to Indian Major Carps and Minor Carps. Therefore, fishes play a vital role as it is an important and cheaper source of quality animal proteins.
A Comparative Study on Total Muscle Protein Content of Different Fish Species in Fresh and Smoked - Dried Condition and to Analyze their Banding Pattern through SDS- PAGE
Authors: Dipika Doloi  , Devajit Basumatari  
Published: July 2020

Fish plays an important role in human nutrition. They are known to be a very healthy food item. They are excellent protein sources that also deliver various minerals and vitamins necessary for good health. Due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty a cid, fish flesh and fish oil are beneficial in reducing the serum cholesterol. In addition to that, the special type of fatty acid, omega -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is recognized as an important component to prevent a number of coronary heart diseases. Fish proteins contain all the essential amino acids in the required proportion and hence have a high nutritional value, which contribute to their high biological value. In fresh fi sh muscles, the water content is strongly bound to the proteins and cannot be easily removed even under higher pressure. For the present study, three different fish species, Clarias batrachus (E1), Mystus tengara (E2) and Puntius ticto (E3) were taken to study their protein content and analyze the electrophoretic protein banding pattern for both fresh and smoked dried conditions. Pr otein extract was made from the muscle tissue of the fishes taken. The protein content was measured by Lowry’s method using BSA protein as standard. The optical density was measu red at 660nm. The electrophoretic protein banding patterns were determined using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the total protein concentration of samples for fresh condition E1F, E2F and E3F was found to be 7.15±0.247 mg/ml, 7.20±0.224 mg/ml and 4.98±0.283 mg/ml respectively and for smoked dried condition E1D, E2D and E3D was 8.48±0.273 mg/ml, 8.31±0.222 mg/ml and 5.81±0.335 mg/ml respectively. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed significant increase in the protein bands of three types of smoked dried fish samples when compared to fresh ones. Therefore, the percentage of protein content in selected smoked dried fishes was found more.
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Marine Bacterium from the Marine Soil Sample and its Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Subbiah Latha  , Palanisamy Selvamani  , Thangavelu Prabha  
Published: July 2020

The marine bacterium was widely recognized as a natural manufacturer of novel bioactive secondary metabolites during the last decades, making the marine ecosystems a huge treasure of novel isolates. Marine coastal areas of the southern part of India have huge varieties of ecosystems that produce many marine microbes and organisms which are considered as a perennial source of many potential drug leads. This study focuses on the isolation of marine soil samples collected from the shores of the Bay of Bengal at Kanyakumari, Tuticorin, and Mandapam and followed by the characterization of the novel marine bacterium from that soil sample for the secondary metabolites production with potential pharmacological importance. The isolated pure culture from colonies was cultured and taxonomically characterized by gram staining and other supported biochemical tests. Further, from the genetic analysis results through 16s rDNA sequencing and by comparing the nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis of the organisms it was confirmed as “Paenibacillus dendritiformis and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus”. Moreover, it was found that the bacterial isolates produced the inhibitory activity to other bacterial strains including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at a concentration of 32 µl/ml. Thus, the bacterial isolates were found to produce secondary metabolites that comprise antimicrobial components and enzymes of commercial importance. Henceforth, this preliminary study looks promising and may lead to the discovery of potential antibiotics and other bioactive compounds.
Cardio protective efficacy of Tagetes Erecta Methanolic extract in doxorubicin induced oxidative cardiac damage.
Authors: AithamrajuSatish Chandra  , P. Shanmugapandiyan  
Published: July 2020

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly prevalent chemotherapy agent used in the management of a wide range of cancer. However, on prolonged clinical use, DOX causes cardio toxicity and it was restricted in the clinical regimen. Tagetes erecta or marigold is a potent medical plant with many biological actions and it contains chief carotenoid known as lutein. So we have evaluated the efficacy of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta (METE) against DOX induced cardio toxicity. Animals were randomly divided into five groups, such as control group treated with vehicle, DOX group administered with DOX 15 mg/kg, i.p, extract treated group with METE 200 and 400 mg /kg orally and Digoxin standard group for 14 days. After the experimental period, various biochemical markers were analyzed for the assessment of DOX mediated cardio toxicity. DOX intoxicated rats showed significant (p<0.05) increase in serum cardiac markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and Cardiac troponin-I) , lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content and reduced antioxidants (SOD, CAT, Gpx and GSH) level in heart tissue. Treatment with METE (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) restored the altered biochemical level to normalcy. Thus, the results of the study suggest that Tagetes erecta showed promising cardio protective activity in DOX induced cardiac damage mediated by its membrane stabilizing and antioxidant effect.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Thalictrum Foliolosum (Ranunculaceae) Root Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Gregory Marslin  , Jose Prakash  
Published: July 2020

The trend in healthcare is moving towards disease prevention rather than treatment, wherein people choose herbal medicines, functional foods and nutraceuticals over pharmaceuticals for their wellbeing. Thalictrum foliolosum is one of the well- known medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medicine to treat several disease, studies related to the pharmacological properties of Thalictrum foliolosum are very less. The Thalictrum foliolosum root is widely used as traditional medicine to treat various diseases including antiperiodic, diuretic, febrifuge, ophthalmic diseases. In this present investigation we studied the hepatoprotective activity of T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract for the first time. Dried roots of T.foliolosum were, powdered and extracted in ethanol. A single oral doses of Thalictrum foliolosum root ethanolic extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was used for acute toxicity study. The acute-toxicity studies show that the extract is non-toxic even at relatively higher concentrations (1000 mg/kg). Wister rats were administered with silymarin or T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract for one week. On the fifth day except the control group, all the test animals were administered with 2 g/kg paracetamol to induce hepatotoxicity. The biochemical parameters and histopathological parameters were used to measure hepatoprotective activity of T.foliolosum root ethanolic extract. Behavioral observation, biochemical analysis of serum and histopathological examination of the experimental animals indicated that T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract offer significantly higher hepatoprotection.
Taste Masking of Pharmaceutical Formulations: Review on Technologies, Recent Trends and Patents
Authors: Prashant Thakker  , Jigna Shah  , Tejal Mehta  , Gaurav Agarwal  
Published: July 2020

The majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) found in oral dosage forms have unpleasant or obnoxious taste. Taste is one of the important parameters which governs patient compliance and also decides the success of a product in the market. Undesirable taste or the bitter taste is a major challenge that formulation scientist faces with many drugs. Hence, oral administration of bitter drugs is a big challenge, especially for pediatric patients. This article focuses on various tastes masking techniques by which the characteristics of the dosage form are improved and better patient compliance can be achieved. The article also discusses various recent taste masking evaluation techniques used in oral pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical companies are now engaged in developing novel techniques to overcome the problem of taste masking by numerous patents filed for taste masking. Lists of patents for taste masking are discussed and how these patents overcome the limitations of conventional approaches of taste masking is also reviewed. The present article also emphasizes various patented platform technologies based on different techniques used for taste masking. The important features and principles involved in taste-masking approaches of various patented technologies are also discussed. A better understanding of these new patents and patented technologies will help formulation scientists to select the most suited technology for development of new products with improved taste.
Antinociceptive effect, acute toxicity and chemical analysis of cold mechanically extracted N. Sativa seed oil
Authors: Mahfoudh A. M. Abdulghani  , Mohammed  Ali Ahmed Saeed  , Mohammad  Razak Hamdan  , Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar  , Md Jamir Anwar  , Bala Yauri Muhammad  
Published: July 2020

Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), seed oil is traditionally used for pain, stiffness in the joints and eczema. The N. sativa seed oil (NSSO) contains an abundance of monoterpenes and essential fatty acids of various pharmacological actions. The objective of this study is to investigate the antinociceptive effect of single oral dose of NSSO on acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate induced algesia in mice. Further, the study also, aims to characterize the chemical constituents of NSSO by using GC/MS. Swiss albino mice were divided into two sets of three groups consisting of six animals per group for the assessment of analgesic effect by hot plate and by acetic acid induced writhing methods. Group I, received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.); group II, received diclofenac sodium (2.5 mg/100g, p.o.); and group III, received NSSO (0.5 ml/100g, p.o.). After NSSO administration the animals were placed on the hot plate and their response was noted down at different time interval. Further, another set of animals of other three groups were subjected to acetic acid induced writhing test after 30 minutes of drug administration. The results of the study showed that NSSO significantly (p<0.05) increased the latency to thermal stimulus, and also, there was significant (p<0.01) reduction in the number of writhes induced by 0.07% acetic acid. The GC/MS chromatogram of NSSO showed a total of 50 compounds. The LD50 of NSSO was greater than 5 g/kg. Thus in conclusion, NSSO (0.5ml/100g, p.o.) showed a significant analgesic effect against acetic acid induced writhing and also in hot plate model in mice. The phytochemical analysis of NSSO showed the presence of several active principles, primarily linoleic acid and thymoquinone. The presence of linoleic acid and thymoquinone in NSSO, possibly contributed to its analgesic effect that needs further investigation in other animal models of algesia.