bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey: Shaping the Outer disk of NGC 4565 via Accretion
Authors: Gilhuly Colleen , Hendel David , Merritt Allison , Abraham Roberto , Danieli Shany , Lokhorst Deborah , Liu Qing , van Dokkum Pieter , Conroy Charlie , Greco Johnny 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present deep g- and r-band imaging of the well-known edge-on galaxy NGC 4565 (the “Needle Galaxy”), observed as part of the Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey. The 3σ local surface brightness contrast limit on 10″ scales is 28.616 ± 0.005 mag arcsec−2 for the r-band image and 28.936 ± 0.005 mag arcsec−2 for the g-band image. We trace the galaxy’s starlight in narrow slice profiles spanning over 90 kpc along the major axis (with bin sizes ranging from 1.7 × 0.5 to 1.7 × 7.8 kpc) to surface brightnesses below 29 mag arcsec−2. We confirm the previously observed asymmetric disk truncation in NGC 4565. In addition, the sharp northwest truncation turns over to a shallower component that coincides with a fan-like feature seen to wrap around the northwest disk limb. We propose that the fan may be a tidal ribbon and qualitatively replicate the fan with simple simulations, although alternative explanations of the fan and the disk’s asymmetry are shown to be possible. In any case, we conclude that there is strong evidence for accretion-based outer disk growth in NGC 4565.
Le rêve ne pense pas mais nous croyons au rêve
Authors: Merot Patrick 
Published: July 2020

Il y a une analogie remarquable entre la pensée de Freud entre le principe d’inertie (et le principe de constance) qui vise à l’obtention d’un état de repos, et les thèses de C.-A. Peirce pour qui le travail de la pensée n’a qu’un objectif : celui de parvenir à un état de repos qui est aussi celui de la croyance (croyance en ce qui est considéré vrai). En mettant en parallèle le fonctionnement du rêve selon Freud et le fonctionnement de la pensée selon Peirce, on approche d’une manière inédite des mécanismes mêmes de la croyance prise dans sa plus grande généralité.
Religion de l’Humanité et révolution séculière chez John Stuart Mill
Authors: Le Breton Steven 
Published: July 2020

Mill n’a pas pensé la sécularisation comme un simple affaiblissement des religions traditionnelles, mais s’est préoccupé de leur remplacement comme fondement de la stabilité sociale. La Religion de l’Humanité doit réorienter sur le progrès humain les aspirations religieuses. Liée à la neutralisation de la portée morale des religions théistes et surnaturelles sur le plan métaphysique, en cohérence avec l’engagement pour une éducation nationale séculière, la dimension religieuse de l’utilitarisme éloigne aussi Mill de Bentham. La comparaison avec la version comtienne de la religion de l’humanité permet d’aborder quelques difficultés soulevées par ce projet.
Human NK Cell Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Cytotoxicity Are Regulated by LIM Kinase
Authors: Duvall Melody G. , Fuhlbrigge Mary E. , Reilly Roisin B. , Walker Katherine H. , Kılıç Ayşe , Levy Bruce D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NK cells provide immune surveillance and host protection against viruses and tumors through their cytotoxic effector function. Cytoskeletal rearrangement is necessary for NK cell lytic granule trafficking and immune synapse formation to trigger apoptosis of targeted cells. LIM kinase (LIMK) regulates F-actin remodeling by phosphorylating cofilin to inhibit actin severing and depolymerization. In this study, in human NK cells, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone downregulated LIMK expression, F-actin accumulation at the immune synapse, lytic granule trafficking, and cytotoxicity. In contrast, the specialized proresolving mediator lipoxin A4 promoted NK cell LIMK expression, lytic granule polarization to the immune synapse and cytotoxicity. Using a LIMK inhibitor, we show that LIMK activity is necessary for NK cell cytotoxicity, including lipoxin A4’s proresolving actions. Together, our findings identify LIMK as an important control mechanism for NK cell cytoskeletal rearrangement that is differentially regulated by glucocorticoids and specialized proresolving mediators to influence NK cell cytotoxicity.
Zebrafish IL-4–like Cytokines and IL-10 Suppress Inflammation but Only IL-10 Is Essential for Gill Homeostasis
Authors: Bottiglione Federica , Dee Christopher T. , Lea Robert , Zeef Leo A. H. , Badrock Andrew P. , Wane Madina , Bugeon Laurence , Dallman Margaret J. , Allen Judith E. , Hurlstone Adam F. L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mucosal surfaces such as fish gills interface between the organism and the external environment and as such are major sites of foreign Ag encounter. In the gills, the balance between inflammatory responses to waterborne pathogens and regulatory responses toward commensal microbes is critical for effective barrier function and overall fish health. In mammals, IL-4 and IL-13 in concert with IL-10 are essential for balancing immune responses to pathogens and suppressing inflammation. Although considerable progress has been made in the field of fish immunology in recent years, whether the fish counterparts of these key mammalian cytokines perform similar roles is still an open question. In this study, we have generated IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio) and, together with an existing IL-10 mutant line, characterized the consequences of loss of function of these cytokines. We demonstrate that IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B are required for the maintenance of a Th2-like phenotype in the gills and the suppression of type 1 immune responses. As in mammals, IL-10 appears to have a more striking anti-inflammatory function than IL-4–like cytokines and is essential for gill homeostasis. Thus, both IL-4/13 and IL-10 paralogs in zebrafish exhibit aspects of conserved function with their mammalian counterparts.
Studies on <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae </I>associated with pulmonary infection among HIV clients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH)
Authors: Mahmud A.H. , Dutsinma U.A. , Idris A.M. 
Published: July 2020

Respiratory infection is highly prevalent in HIV-infected patients and S. pneumoniae was a leading cause. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with pulmonary infection among HIV Clients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). A total of 300 samples comprising sample from 180 HIV seropositive patients and 120 HIV seronegative patients as a (control) were enrolled in this study.) For the 180 HIV seropositive patients, 105(58.3%) were females, and 75(41.7%) were males. Among the HIV negative subjects 64(53.3%) were males and 56(46.7%) were females. The incident of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates associated with pneumonia in HIV/AIDS seropositive patients in relation to age group in this study showed the higher prevalence of 15(51.72%), among the age groups of 30-39, had the highest of prevalence of 15(51.72%), which occur more common in HIV infected patients while for HIV seronegative patients age group 10-19 had the highest incidence of 7(29.17%).Result showed no significant difference in the prevalence of S .pneumoniae among the HIV seropositive and seronegative patients (P > 0.05) .Antimicrobial susceptibility showed that Ciprofloxacin 25(86.2%), was found to be most active invitro against the isolates followed by Oxacillin 21(72.4%), Augmentin19 (65.5), Chloramphenicol 15(51.7%). Tetracycline, 14(48.3%), Clindamycin 14(48.3) and Erythromycin 10(34.5%). Result showed no significant difference in the levels of antibiotic susceptibilities and resistance observed (p > 0.05). The CD4 cells counts for the HIV seropositve patients were 161(89.4%) 350 cells/ml and 19(10.6%) <350 cells/m recorded as normal and low respectively. There was significant difference (p <0.05) for the CD4 cells counts of the study population with the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among the HIV seropositive patients (P 0.000 <0.05). PCR amplification for Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin resistance genes showed that Only 2(33.3%) out of 6 resistant isolates possed the pneumococcal pbp2b resistance gene. According to the findings, the pbp2b gene can play a role of fundamentalimportance in the resistance of S. pneumoniae. Modify heterogeneity in antibiotic use, which several antibiotics are taken in a rotation against taking just 1 antibiotic such that isolates resistant to 1 antibiotic are killed when the subsequent antibiotic is taken.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Antibiotic Resistance, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Pbp2b CD4 cells count.
Measurement of radiation dose level within Queen Amina Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Authors: Garba Nuraddeen Nasiru , Nasiru Rabiu , Sufiyan Muniba , Vatsa Abdullahi Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

Measurement of background radiation is of great interest for it provides useful information in monitoring environmental radioactivity. The aim of the present study is to provide information and generate database on the natural background radiation dose levels of densely populated Queen Amina Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The radiation dose (outdoor and indoor dose rate) were measured at 29 rooms (Block 1- 4) and their compounds using RADOS survey meter held at 1m above the ground. The measured radiation dose ranged 0.13 nGyh-1 to 0.43 nGyh-1 and 0.54 nGyh-1 to 1.72 nGyh1 for indoor and outdoor respectively. Some of the high values recorded could be attributed due to the contribution of cosmic radiation emanating from the atmosphere as well as the geological settings of the location as there is no any artificial contributing factor within the area. The annual effective doses within the study area was found to be 0.01 mSvy-1 throughout which is quit below the world average value of 0.87 mSvy-1 for natural sources.
Keywords: Radiation dose, Annual effective dose, RADOS meter, Queen Amina
Distribution and sexual dimorphism of palm print variable (Palm creases) among Hausa of Kano and Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Affan Usman , El-Ladan I.S. 
Published: July 2020

Dermatoglyphic features due to its permanency, genetic influence as well as number of easily observable and measurable characters may be considered one of the most suitable parameters for population variability and have been used extensively to characterize and differentiate human populations, hence, are highly suitable for studying population variation. The aim of the study is to analyze palm prints (palm creases) among Hausas of Kano and Zaria. A total of 600 subjects comprising of 300 participants from two original Hausa metropolis (Kano and Zaria) with 1:1 male to female ratio participated. Ink method was used to capture palm prints. Chi-square was used to determine the association between the variables. The frequency distribution of palmer creases showed that in the right hand only normal creases tend to occur higher in female (203 vs 172) the two metropolis combined. Similar pattern occurs, when the two metropolis were considered separately (Kano = 97 vs 75, Zaria = 106 vs 97). The same pattern of frequency distribution of palmer creases was observed in the left hand. A statistically significant gender differences (χ2 = -2.91, P = 0.004 for right hand, and χ2 = -3.89, P < 0.001 for left hand) in the frequency distribution of type of palmer creases were noticed among the Hausa ethnic groups (both Kano and Zaria combined). However, when the two Hausa metropolis were separated, differences (χ2 = -2.71, P = 0.007 for right hand, and χ2 = -4.66, P < 0.001 for left hand) were only noticed among the Hausas of Kano metropolis.
Key words: Palm prints, palm creases, Hausa, Kano, Zaria, Nigeria
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of opportunistic skin infection among the people of Itas/Gadau Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Zigau Z.A. , Muhammad U.A. , Bello A.A. 
Published: July 2020

The use of plants for the treatment of opportunistic skin infections has been on the increase and the current renewed interest in natural products to sustain health globally cannot be over emphasized. A survey of the major ethno medicinal plants was carried out in Itas/Gadau LGA, where some ethno medicinal plants used in treating skin infections and various ailments were documented. The investigation included names and parts of plants used, ailments cured, preparation and administration of local herbs. Data was obtained through the use of administered questionnaire’s distributed at random to traditional healers as target respondents. It was shown that various plant species from 10 families were reported to be used in treating ailments, majority of these plants (72%) are wild, Detarium microcarpum, Carissa edulis and Anogeissus leiocarpus 35.5% were mainly harvested for their stem/bark. About 65.2% constitutes the most frequent route of administration by topical application. The most frequent method of preparation is by grinding and direct application of the powder to the affected area, whereas the most common skin infection treated with the medicinal plants is eczema (39.1) The most reported threat to the availability of medicinal plants is deforestation (43.6%), in some cases additives like edible oil and honey are used in 58% of remedy preparations. It is therefore recommended that the plants used should be investigated to ascertain their safety and efficacy in order to improve the quality of life of man.
Key words; Ethno botany, opportunistic skin infection and ailments.
Antibacterial potency of aqueous and methanolic extracts of <I>Diospyros mesiliformis</I> leaf and stem bark
Authors: Jamilu H. , Gambo J.B. , Ocheme J.J. 
Published: July 2020

Diospyros mespiliformis“Jackal berry” (also known as African ebony and by its Afrikaan name Jackal bessie). In hausa its called kanya, igi dudu (black wood) in Yoruba and Onye-oji (Black fellow) in igbo. It is widely used locally in treating various ailments such as fever, whooping cough, wounds, malaria, pheumonia, syphilis, leprosy and host of other ailment without proper scientific validation. This investigation is aimed at validating the scientific use of Diospyros mespiliformis leaf and stem bark using two solvents, methanol and aqueous. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and glycoside. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The antibacterial activity of the stem bark extracts revealed higher activity against E. coli, S.typhi and S. aureus than the leaf extracts. The mean range of zones of inhibition of stem bark at 100mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml varies between 19.29± 3.82 and 5.71± 2.05 while that of leaf extract ranges from 17.71± 2.06 and 5.43±1.13 at 100mg/ml and 12.5 respectively.
Key words: Antibacterial, Phytochemicals, Diospyros mespiliformis, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.
Central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol leaf extract of <I>Globimetula braunii</I> (Engler) (Loranthaceae) growing on <I>Terminalia catappa</I> L. (Combretaceae)
Authors: Danladi Suleiman , Muhammad Musa Aliyu , Yaro Abdullahi Hamza 
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to determine phytochemical constituents, median lethal dose (LD50) and central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii using laboratory animal models. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii was determined in mice according to the method described by Lorke, 1983. The CNS depressant activity of Globimetula braunii leaf extract was determined using diazepam induced sleep, hole board test and beam walk assay. The ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and glycoside. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose of the leaf extract of Globimetula braunii was estimated to be 2852 mg/kg bodyweight in mice. The ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii significantly (p <0.05) prolonged the duration of sleep in mice at the dose of 800 mg/kg. The extract prolonged the time to complete the beam walk, and exhibited significant decrease in number of head dips there by indicating a decrease in the exploratory behaviour of the animal. This study suggests that Globimetula braunii possesed sedative property.
Keywords: Beam walk assay, diazepam induced sleep, hole board test, central nervous system, Globimetula braunii
Assessment of cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activities of <I>Prosopis africana</I> leaf extracts
Authors: Idris M.M. , Idris U. 
Published: July 2020

Malaria is a major health concern in Sub Saharan Africa and there are few effective treatment options. Nigeria has diverse flora with potent antimalarial phytochemicals and high ethnomedicinal plants uses. This study investigated the phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity and in-vitro antiplasmodial activity of ethnomedicinal plant which is Prosopis africana. Crude ethanol extract and macerated fractions from the ethnomedicinal plant were screened for major classes of antiplasmodial phytochemical compounds i.e., terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and Steroids. The antiplasmodial assay was conducted at 5% parasitaemia for 24 and 48 hours, against P. falciparum. Artemether-Lumefantrine was used as a positive control while 0.5% DMSO in RPMI 1640 medium was used as negative control. Moreover, all plant extract and fractions of P. africana were found to be effective in vitro for antiplasmodial activity, they demonstrated remarkable bioactivities at all concentrations; Methanol fraction (Pa-05) shows the highest activity with percentage elimination of 83.9% at 625µg/ml, 87.5% at 1250µg/ml, 92.9% at 2500µg/ml and 96.4% at 5000µg/ml. However, all the extract fractions have shown a good activity against the Brine Shrimp nauplii larvae. Crude Ethanol extract (PA-01) and n-Hexane fraction displayed the highest activity (LC50 58.482µg/ml and 75.462 µg/ml) respectively. However, the results suggested that extracts of P. africana showed the most curative anti-plasmodia effect in infected blood which may be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as a alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids.
Keywords: Ethanol extract, Fractions, Phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity and Antiplasmodial
Adherence to antihypertensive medications in patients attending public hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Umar Idris , Mohammed Shafiu , Zezi Abdulkadir Umar , Lawal Basira Kankia 
Published: July 2020

Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by an elevated arterial blood pressure with increasing prevalence in developing countries including Nigeria. One of the integral elements in management of hypertension is adherence to medication and life-style modification. This study aimed to assess adherence level for anti-hypertensive medications among adult hypertensive patients attending public hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional prospective survey involving 600 patients from six public healthcare facilities selected by multistage sampling technique. Adherence status was assessed using Morisky medication adherence scale. Sociodemographic data and other factors that may influence adherence to hypertension medications were evaluated. Out of the 598 patients that participated in the study, only 178 (29.8%) have their BP controlled based on JNC8. Three hundred and thirty two (55.5%) out of 598 patients have good adherence, while 266 (45.5%) have poor adherence. Of the 178 patients who had good BP control, 120 (67.5%) have good adherence while 58 (32.5%) have poor adherence. BP control was significantly higher in those that adhered to antihypertensive medication compared with non-adhering patients (χ2 = 14.526; df = 1; p-value = < 0.001). Additionally, Chi-square test showed significant association between number of antihypertensives and blood pressure control. (χ2=37.556, df=3, p<0.001). The study established that 55.5% of the respondents have good adherence to their antihypertensive medication while 29.8% had their BP controlled. Adherence and number of antihypertensive medication a patient is taking were found to have significant relationship with BP control.
Keywords: Medication, adherence, hypertension, antihypertensive
Influence of Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid (DTPA) amendment on the uptake of some essential trace elements by <I>Amaranthus hybridus L.</I>
Authors: Dagari M.S. , Musa M.S. , Musa I.A. 
Published: July 2020

The present study was aimed at determining the potential in the uptake and translocation of essential trace elements by Amaranthus hybridus L. seedlings and the effects of added 0.0025M DTPA as a bioremediation technology to increase the contents of trace elements in edible parts. Four week old Amaranthus hybridus L. seedlings were transplanted in hydroponic solution treated with copper and zinc and then monitored in a greenhouse for 72 hr where significant changes in fresh weights were observed. The study was divided into two experiments first batch contains chelate and second batch contain unchelated treatments in three different combination of copper, zinc and Cu/Zn treatments. Cu2+ was restricted in the roots and no significant changes (p>0.05) in the accumulation of Cu2+ was observed with respect to addition of DTPA to different concentration compared to unchelated treatments. However, accumulation and transportation of Zn2+ from roots to shoots was increased significantly (p<0.05) to 2-3 fold after DTPA application compared to unchelated treatments as it helped to increase the metal bioavailability. Furthermore, in Cu/Zn combination, unchelated Cu2+ was found to accumulate more when compared to the chelated with the same Cu2+ concentration. Likewise, unchelated Zn2+ was significantly translocated as compared with chelate-assisted treatments of same zinc concentration. This indicates that in the presence of copper, zinc uptake was favorably translocated. Translocation factor was calculated to find relation with metal uptake in Amaranth hybridus L. seedlings.
Keywords: Essential elements, DTPA amendment, hydroponic, Amaranthus hybridus L.
Synthesis and characterization of ternary Pt-alloy nano particles for hydrogen fuel cell application
Authors: Usman Alhassan Kabiru , Danazumi Kamal 
Published: July 2020

A novel ternary PtM2 nano structures was prepared using simple salvothermal process. The alloy formation has been ascertained using different characterizations techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Tunneling electron microscope TEM, Scanning electron microscope SEM, EDX. The XRD pattern reveals that, the peak position was shifted to higher 2𝜃 angle specifying the presence of Co and Ni into the lattice to form an ordered L10 phase with a reduced Pt-Pt distance. The thickness of the alloy was found to be ~4.3nm and interplaner distance of ~0.23nm which correlate with TEM analysis with an average particle size ~20nm and distribution of the catalyst on carbon support was also investigated by TEM images. SEM was used to obtain the surface morphology of the synthesized catalyst as well the amount of metallic loaded from EDX.
Key words; Platinum, Cobalt, Nickel on Carbon Support (PCN/C), Platinum, Cobalt and Nickel for 8 hour (PCN-8h), Commercial Platinum on Carbon Support (Pt/C), Oxidation Reduction Reaction (ORR), PEMFC, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD.