bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new economical technique for dyeing polyamide fibre/nanoclay composite with basic dye
Authors: El-Gabry Lamiaa Kamal , Nasr Mohamed Fathy , Abou El-Kheir Amira Adel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This work aims to increase the dyeability of nylon 6 with basic dyeing through the treatment of the fibre with available and cheap nanomaterials, namely; nano bentonite using an economic and simple method.

Design/methodology/approach
Different amounts of nano clay, namely, nano bentonite were dispersed in distilled water using an ultrasonic homogenizer for 1 h. Nylon fabrics were treated with different concentrations of dispersed nano bentonite (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% wt/v). After half an hour, the samples were padded using SVETEMA laboratory padding system. The padding pressure was adjusted at 3 bar to allow a pickup of 100%. The padded samples were dried at 80°C for 5 min and cured at 160°C for 3 min using ROACHES laboratory thermos-fixation. The cured samples were then washed with running water and left to dry at room temperature.

Findings
The obtained results indicated that the modification of polyamide 6 fibres with nano bentonite had a great impact on their dyeing properties. The obtained shades, absorption behaviour and fastness properties were significantly enhanced. Based on these results, it was concluded that polyamide fabrics could be successfully dyed with basic dyes using economical dyeing conditions.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a new method the loaded the nano-clay on the synthetic fibres, which are nylon 6 to enhance the dyeability with cationic dyes using the physical method without changing the structure of the fibres.
Online corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the banking industry: evidence from Poland
Authors: Matuszak Łukasz , Różańska Ewa 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Based on a set of complementary theories, namely, the legitimacy, stakeholder and signaling theories, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the visibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures on bank websites. In particular, we explored the accessibility, placement, reporting format, extent and content of online CSR information. This paper also examined the effect of size, being listed, ownership structure and the internationalization of banks on online CSR reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample consisting of 20 banks was used where the data were manually collected from the websites of various banks during the fourth quarter of 2017. Three reporting formats were explored: information posted directly on the website, information contained in a separate CSR report and information within a management commentary or annual report or integrated report. Content analysis was used to measure the level of online CSR disclosures in four sub-dimensions: environment, human resources, products and customers and community involvement. The sample was grouped according to the criteria of size, being listed, ownership structure and internationality. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze some factors that influence CSR disclosure, namely, size, public ownership, internationalization and foreign ownership.

Findings
The results indicate that accessibility to CSR information is relatively good. The placement of CSR information on websites varies among banks. Moreover, community involvement was the most disclosed dimension on the banks’ websites. There was a lack of disclosure on items regarding the environment. Furthermore, the findings of this paper showed that significant determinants for explaining online CSR disclosure level were size and being listed.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by examining the online CSR disclosure practices of banks from an emerging market with a different socio-economic context and regulations compared to the developed market.
Quantifying range structure to inform management in invaded landscapes
Authors: Cheney Chad , van Wilgen Nicola J. , Esler Karen J. , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The negative impact of invasive alien plants (IAPs) in protected areas (PAs) is managed through control programmes, often using area‐based management, where identified IAPs in management units are controlled simultaneously. However, this approach has shortfalls, including the methods used to prioritise management units, spatial grain dependence and spatial interdependence of management units. Species‐based management approaches, though used less frequently, are usually aimed at eradication.

We propose using a Commonness framework to reconcile area‐based and species‐based management approaches, viewing the invasion process as a population trajectory from uncommon to common. The framework assigns species to one of eight commonness types at a given scale using three species characteristics: local population size (small/large), geographic range (wide/narrow) and spatial pattern (even/clumped). These metrics were calculated using a comprehensive fine‐scale IAP dataset from Table Mountain National Park, South Africa, at six scales of increasing spatial grain, enabling quantification of the effects of scale and species' range structure on management potential of IAPs.

Most species exhibited the Point Source commonness type at fine spatial grains, requiring Rapid Response, Reconnaissance or Sweeping management strategies. At coarser grains, species were mostly classed within wide occupancy ranges, with small population sizes (Dispersed and Sparse types). The Control strategy currently applied in the area (best suited for large populations across a narrow range) should be re‐evaluated given the progress made by historical clearing in reducing commonness. Using a phylo‐tree, we identified adjacent areas that require different strategies as well as changes in species‐specific goals at particular sites with increasing grain coarseness. For example, species generally deemed to be common, for which a Control strategy is applied, may require Rapid Response type strategies for isolated and/or small, clumped subpopulations.

Synthesis and applications. We use a Commonness framework to quantify patterns of plant invasion at multiple spatial scales. We demonstrate how different management strategies are appropriate for the same species in different parts of its invaded range, and how these nuances are often obscured through the use of coarse data. The framework enables tailoring management interventions to minimise the spread and impact of invasive alien plants.
Museum specimens: An overlooked and valuable material for conservation genetics
Authors: Nakahama Naoyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuseum specimens include genetic information from when they were collected. This historical information, which is very difficult to ascertain from samples collected currently, could be a valuable material for use in conservation genetics. However, the genetic analysis of museum specimens is technically difficult because of DNA fragmentation and the deamination of cytosine to uracil. In recent years, various methods have been developed for the genetic analysis of museum specimens, such as data analysis techniques including next‐generation sequencing. The development of approaches that extract historical genetic information from museum specimens is expected to provide a new perspective on conservation genetics. This review focuses on the availability of museum specimens as genetic resources for conservation genetics. Some case studies are introduced, and perspectives on the future utility of conservation genetic studies using museum specimens are discussed. Moreover, recommended genetic analysis methods and important points for the usage of museum specimens are presented. This review provides a strong case for increasing the usage of museum specimens in conservation genetics studies in the future.
Evaluating the structural properties of bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers with modern analytical tools
Authors: Rostamabadi Hadis , Falsafi Seid Reza , Assadpour Elham , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of nanocarriers for offering smart transformers improving the bioavailability and functionality of food bioactive compounds, a critical issue is experimental and analytical evaluation of the bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers; so, further technical advancements are necessary for the precise structural characterization of these nanodelivery systems and application of sophisticated analytical techniques. Here, we have portrayed the current progress in the structural characterization approaches including X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering/small‐angle neutron scattering as powerful and informative tools to have a better control on the design, development, and appraisal of nanoengineered bioactive delivery systems. Different examples and case studies have been tabulated along with illustrative and schematic representation of relevant results. An emerging view concerning the challenges for future structural characterization of these systems is also discussed in detail.
Comparative analysis of the morphological property and chemical composition of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber with bound phenolic compounds from different algae
Authors: Luo Mukang , Hu Kaixi , Zeng Qingzhu , Yang Xinquan , Wang Yulin , Dong Lihong , Huang Fei , Zhang Ruifen , Su Dongxiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe morphological, physicochemical, and biochemical properties of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber from seven types of algae were investigated. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents (6.48 to 60.90% of the total fiber) in most of the investigated algae were significantly lower than the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) contents (39.10 to 93.52% of the total fiber). It can be inferred from the infrared and UV‐Vis spectra that the SDF and IDF of algae may contain cellulose, hemicellulose, various monosaccharides, phenolic compounds, and quinone pigments. The bound phenolic in the seven algae varied widely in contents (3.76 to 14.08 mg GAE/g in IDF and 1.94 to 8.61 mg GAE/g in SDF), whose antioxidant activities in the IDF were stronger than those in SDF because of different phenolic compositions. The HPLC‐mass spectrometry (MS)/MS results showed that the IDF may contain methyl‐8α‐hydroxy‐grindelate‐7β‐O‐7′β‐ether hydrate, hydroxydecanoic acid, and malyngic acid.Practical ApplicationPolysaccharides of high content in algae cannot be digested by humans, hence regarded as dietary fibers. A large amount of bound phenolic compounds in dietary fibers can add to the biological activities of dietary fibers. These topics are important to the development of seaweed‐based functional foods.
How age and infection history shape the antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell repertoire: Implications for vaccination strategies in older adults
Authors: Lanfermeijer Josien , Borghans José A. M. , van Baarle Debbie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOlder adults often show signs of impaired CD8+ T‐cell immunity, reflected by weaker responses against new infections and vaccinations, and decreased protection against reinfection. This immune impairment is in part thought to be the consequence of a decrease in both T‐cell numbers and repertoire diversity. If this is indeed the case, a strategy to prevent infectious diseases in older adults could be the induction of protective memory responses through vaccination at a younger age. However, this requires that the induced immune responses are maintained until old age. It is therefore important to obtain insights into the long‐term maintenance of the antigen‐specific T‐cell repertoire. Here, we review the literature on the maintenance of antigen‐experienced CD8+ T‐cell repertoires against acute and chronic infections. We describe the complex interactions that play a role in shaping the memory T‐cell repertoire, and the effects of age, infection history, and T‐cell avidity. We discuss the implications of these findings for the development of new vaccination strategies to protect older adults.
Stress induces reinstatement of extinguished cocaine conditioned place preference by a sequential signaling via neuropeptide S, orexin, and endocannabinoid
Authors: Chou Yu‐Hsien , Hor Chia Chun , Lee Ming Tatt , Lee Hsin‐Jung , Guerrini Remo , Calo Girolamo , Chiou Lih‐Chu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeurons containing neuropeptide S (NPS) and orexins are activated during stress. Previously, we reported that orexins released during stress, via orexin OX1 receptors (OX1Rs), contribute to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking through endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor (CB1R)‐mediated dopaminergic disinhibition in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here, we further demonstrated that NPS released during stress is an up‐stream activator of this orexin‐endocannabinoid cascade in the VTA, leading to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Mice were trained to acquire cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) by context‐pairing cocaine injections followed by the extinction training with context‐pairing saline injections. Interestingly, the extinguished cocaine CPP in mice was significantly reinstated by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of NPS (1 nmol) in a manner prevented by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of SHA68 (50 mg/kg), an NPS receptor antagonist. This NPS‐induced cocaine reinstatement was prevented by either i.p. or intra‐VTA microinjection (i.vta.) of SB‐334867 (15 mg/kg, i.p. or 15 nmol, i.vta.) and AM 251 (1.1 mg/kg, i.p. or 30 nmol, i.vta.), antagonists of OX1Rs and CB1Rs, respectively. Besides, NPS (1 nmol, i.c.v.) increased the number of c‐Fos‐containing orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and increased orexin‐A level in the VTA. The latter effect was blocked by SHA68. Furthermore, a 30‐min restraint stress in mice reinstated extinguished cocaine CPP and was prevented by SHA68. These results suggest that NPS is released upon stress and subsequently activates LH orexin neurons to release orexins in the VTA. The released orexins then reinstate extinguished cocaine CPP via an OX1R‐ and endocannabinoid‐CB1R‐mediated signaling in the VTA.
Patterns of surveillance for colorectal cancer: Experience from a single large tertiary institution
Authors: Pellegrino Samantha A , Chan Steven , Simons Koen , Kinsella Rita , Gibbs Peter , Faragher Ian G , Deftereos Irene , Yeung Justin MC 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimColorectal cancer surveillance is an essential part of care and should include clinical review and follow‐up investigations. There is limited information regarding postoperative surveillance and survivorship care in the Australian context. This study investigated patterns of colorectal cancer surveillance at a large tertiary institution.MethodsA retrospective review of hospital records was conducted for all patients treated with curative surgery between January 2012 and June 2017. Provision of clinical surveillance, colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) within 24 months postoperatively were recorded. Kaplan‐Meier estimates were used to evaluate time‐to‐surveillance review and associated investigations.ResultsA total of 675 patients were included in the study. Median time to first postoperative clinical review was 20 days (95% confidence interval (CI), 18‐21) with only 31% of patients having their first postoperative clinic review within 2 weeks. Median time to first CEA was 100 days (95% CI, 92‐109), with 47% of patients having their CEA checked within the first 3 months, increasing to 68% at 6 months. Median time to first follow‐up CT scan was 262 days (95% CI, 242‐278) and for colonoscopy, 560 days (95% CI, 477‐625). Poor uptake of surveillance testing was more prevalent in patients from older age groups, those with multiple comorbidities, and higher stage cancers.ConclusionColorectal cancer surveillance is multi‐disciplinary and involves several parallel processes, many of which lead to inconsistent follow‐up. Further prospective work is required to identify the reasons for variation in care and which aspects are most important to cancer patients.
Naegele’s rule and the length of pregnancy – A review
Authors: Lawson Gerald Wightman 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe proposition that a pregnancy is 40 weeks or 280 days in duration is attributed to the German obstetrician Franz Naegele (1778–1851). His rule adds nine months and seven days to the first day of the last menstrual period. The expected date of confinement from this formula is approximately right in the majority of cases. However, the idea that this rule can apply to every pregnant female – young or old, nulliparous or multigravida, Caucasian, Asian, African, or Indigenous – stretches credulity. In addition, many women regard the 40‐week date as a deadline, which if crossed, may then place the baby under stress. Forty weeks is such a simple, round, convenient figure that it has proved difficult to challenge, despite criticism. Nonetheless, what might have been an appropriate formula in Germany in the 19th century deserves to be revisited in the 21st.AimsTo review the length of pregnancy, in the light of current technology, in particular ultrasound scanning, and assisted reproductive techniques.Material and MethodsA Medline search was performed for variables on the length of pregnancy, the expected date of confinement, and prolonged pregnancy.ResultsA number of factors were found to significantly influence the length of a pregnancy, including ethnicity, height, variations in the menstrual cycle, the timing of ovulation, parity and maternal weight.ConclusionsNaegele’s rule should be considered as a guideline for the expected date of confinement, and not a definite date.
Cerebroplacental ratio as predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in the third trimester
Authors: Bonnevier Anna , Maršál Karel , Brodszki Jana , Thuring Ann , Källén Karin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionFetal growth restriction is associated with adverse perinatal outcome and the clinical management of these pregnancies is a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to predict adverse perinatal outcome in high‐risk pregnancies in the third trimester. Another aim was to study whether the CPR has better predictive value than its components, middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) and umbilical artery (UA) PI.Material and methodsThe study was a retrospective cohort study including 1573 singleton high‐risk pregnancies with Doppler examinations performed at 32+0 to 40+6 gestational weeks at Lund University Hospital and the University Hospital of Malmö between 29 December 1994 and 31 December 2017. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to investigate the predictive value of the gestational age‐specific z‐scores for CPR, UA PI and MCA PI, respectively, for the primary outcome “perinatal asphyxia/mortality” and the secondary outcomes “birthweight small for gestational age (SGA)” and two composite outcomes: “appropriate for gestational age/large for gestational age liveborn infants with neonatal morbidity” and “SGA liveborn infants with neonatal morbidity.”ResultsThe performance in predicting perinatal asphyxia/mortality was poor for all three variables and did not differ significantly. The ROC area under curve (AUC) was 0.56, 0.55 and 0.53 for CPR, UA PI and MCA PI z‐scores, respectively. The ROC AUC for CPR z‐scores to predict SGA was 0.73, significantly higher than that for either UA PI or MCA PI (P < .001). The ability of CPR and the MCA PI to predict appropriate for gestational age/large for gestational age infant morbidity and SGA infant morbidity was similar and significantly better than UA PI (P < .001).ConclusionsIn the present study, none of the three Doppler measures proved to be useful in predicting perinatal asphyxia and mortality. CPR and MCA PI were equally good in predicting neonatal morbidity, especially in SGA pregnancies, and both were significantly better predictors than the UA PI. CPR had a high predictive value for SGA at birth, better than that of its two components, UA PI and MCA PI.
Market power evolution and convergence in European banking: An empirical note
Authors: Yildirim Canan , Kasman Adnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper undertakes an up‐to‐date assessment of evolution and convergence in market power over 2013 and 2018 in the Eurozone banking markets in view of the progress towards completing the banking union. The results show that average market power measured by the Lerner index displays an upward trend up until 2016 declining thereafter. Further findings by employing the panel convergence methodology of Philips and Sul (2007) fail to support the hypothesis of integration in the Eurozone banking markets through market power convergence. Furthermore, club clustering tests reveal presence of three sub‐clusters of countries with different speeds of convergence.
Evaluation of misrepresented findings in the abstracts of acute respiratory distress syndrome randomised trials with nonsignificant primary endpoints
Authors: Dormire Kody D. , Whitehead Aldon J. , Wayant Cole , Bowers Aaron , Vassar Matt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to assess the presentation and frequency of misrepresented research findings, also known as spin.MethodsWe searched PubMed (MEDLINE) for studies published from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. We included randomised controlled trials with an ARDS intervention and a nonsignificant primary endpoint. Trial screening and data extraction was performed on all studies independently and in duplicate. The primary endpoint was to investigate the frequency and manifestation of spin in RCT abstracts. Our secondary endpoint was to investigate associations between funding source and spin.ResultsOur PubMed search returned 766 articles with 37 meeting inclusion criteria. Spin was present in 14 (14/37, 37.8%; 95% CI 22.5%‐55.2%) abstracts. The most common manifestations of spin were claiming benefit based on a significant secondary endpoint (6/14, 42.9%), followed by the use of “trend” statements, such as “trend toward significance” (2/14, 14.3%; 95% CI 1.8%‐42.8%). The most common spin in abstract conclusions was in the form of claiming benefit due to a significant secondary endpoint (3/4, 75%; 95% CI 19.4%‐99.4%). Our secondary endpoint did not identify a significant difference in the prevalence of spin in publicly funded (5/19, 26.3%; 95% CI 9.1%‐51.2%) compared to privately funded (4/12, 33.3%; 95% CI 9.9%‐65.1%) studies (P > .05).ConclusionsRCTs of ARDS interventions with nonsignificant primary endpoints often included spin in the abstract. Spin in the abstract may influence clinician appraisal and interpretation of diagnostic or treatment modalities.