bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mn2Sb2O7/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites with High Capacity and Excellent Cyclic Stability as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiao Xun , Xi Guocui , Zeng Tianbiao , Zhou Lang , Li Gang , Zhou Yongjin , Zhou Guangpeng , Hu Xuebu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the advancement of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), metal oxides with high theoretical specific capacities have been explored as anodes. Herein, we report a new metal oxide, Mn2Sb2O7‐anchored reduced graphene oxide (Mn2Sb2O7/RGO), as an advanced anode for LIBs. The Mn2Sb2O7/RGO anode exhibits a higher capacity and better capacity retention compared to Mn2Sb2O7, because the close contact between Mn2Sb2O7 and RGO facilitates charge transfer during cycling. The discharge capacity of Mn2Sb2O7/RGO reaches 706.72 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 200 cycles. Even at 1000 mA g−1, the capacity loss per cycle of Mn2Sb2O7/RGO is only 0.0344 % for 600 cycles, indicating an excellent high‐rate cyclic stability compared to other Sb‐based oxides. These results forecast that Mn2Sb2O7/RGO is a potential anode for LIBs, providing a new insight into the selection of high‐performance anodes.
Ba4Ti13O30 nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method
Authors: Li Shaoqing , Li Xinyi , Zou Kai , Huang Zhixiong , Zhang Lianmeng , Guo Dongyun , Ju Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Ba4Ti13O30 nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The Ba‐Ti precursor was prepared by mixing barium acetate and bis(ammonium lactate) titanium dihydroxide in deionized water with NaOH pH‐adjusting agent. In the Ba‐Ti precursor, NaOH concentration was 2.0 mol/L, and the concentrations of Ba2+ and Ti4+ ions were 0.023 and 0.077 mol/L, respectively. As the Ba‐Ti precursor was heated in the autoclave at 260°C for 20 hours with vigorous stirring, the single‐crystalline Ba4Ti13O30 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized.
Rambutan‐like hollow carbon spheres decorated with vacancy‐rich nickel oxide for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Sun Zixu , Wang Xinghui , Zhao Hu , Koh See W. , Ge Junyu , Zhao Yunxing , Gao Pingqi , Wang Guangjin , Li Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition metal oxides hold great promise for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and electrocatalytic water splitting because of their high abundance and high energy density. However, designing and fabrication of efficient, stable, high power density electrode materials are challenging. Herein, we report rambutan‐like hollow carbon spheres formed by carbon nanosheet decorated with nickel oxide (NiO) rich in metal vacancies (denoted as h‐NiO/C) as a bifunctional electrode material for LIBs and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). When being used as the anode of LIBs, the h‐NiO/C electrode shows a large initial capacity of 885 mA h g−1, a robust stability with a high capacity of 817 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles, and great rate capability with a high reversible capacity of 523 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 600 cycles. Moreover, working as an OER electrocatalyst, the h‐NiO/C electrode shows a small overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 37.6 mV dec−1 along with good stability. Our work offers a cost‐effective method for the fabrication of efficient electrode for LIBs and OER.
Fluorescent Flipper Probes: Comprehensive Twist Coverage
Authors: Strakova Karolina , Poblador‐Bahamonde Amalia I. , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo image the membrane tension in living cells, planarizable push–pull probes have been introduced. The first operational probe is built around two dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophenes (DTTs) that are twisted out of co‐planarity and polarized with donors and acceptors at either end. In this report, the chemical space available for the twisting of “flipper probes” is assessed comprehensively. The result is, not surprisingly, that every atom matters: Removal of one methyl group in the twist region yields probes that planarize already in solution and are thus less sensitive to membrane tension. Addition of one or more carbons in the same region hinders non‐interfering probe alignment along lipid tails and thus partitioning into lipid bilayer membranes as well as mechanosensitivity. However, substitution of one methyl by an isosteric trifluoromethyl group in the twist region, achieved by quite substantial multistep organic synthesis, yields excitation maxima that shift over +100 nm to the red in response to increasing order of the surrounding membrane. This record redshift comes with record changes in fluorescence intensity and lifetime, high push–pull transition dipoles and higher rotational barriers. Supported by distinct dependence on viscosity and twist of the push–pull probes, kinetic competition between dark, fully twisted and bright, fully planarized relaxed excited states emerges as unifying origin of fluorescence quantum yields.
Recycling of glass and electronic industry waste as a European school project.A common plan of the Robert Koch's school and the University of Technology of Clausthal
Authors: Franke Axel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Oberstufen‐Chemie‐Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Robert‐Koch‐Schule in Clausthal‐Zellerfeld hat sich intensiv mit dem Thema Recycling beschäftigt. Mit Hilfe einfacher Mittel wie der Haushaltsmikrowelle wurden Schulversuche zum Glasrecycling durch Umschmelzen von Glaskröseln realisiert. Die Einbindung in das europäische Projekt „RawMaterials@Schools“ hat dazu geführt, dass die Lernenden den Zyklus des Kupferrecyclings eng angelehnt an die industriellen Prozesse in einfachen Schulexperimenten mit Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien nachstellten. Ein Highlight für alle Beteiligten war die Präsentation der entwickelten Versuchsreihe auf dem RM@Schools‐Jahrestreffen in Bologna.
Your Trash is our Treasure: Multi‐Use Glue and Thermal Insulation Made from Banana Peels
Authors: Aristov Natasha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBananenschalen sind ein noch verkannter wertvoller Rohstoff. Schüler*innen ab Klasse 5 verarbeiteten Bananenschalen zu Klebstoff und Wärmedämmmaterial. Sie untersuchten die Haftkraft des Klebers und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Dämmmaterials. Die ursprüngliche Idee des Projekts wurde von der Projektbetreuerin angestoßen, alle weitere Arbeitsschritte von den Schüler*innen überlegt und durchgeführt. Das Thema eignet sich sehr gut für Projektarbeiten und auch außerschulische Lernorte.
Impact of multimorbidity subgroups on the health care use of early pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Harrington Rachel L. , Qato Dima M. , Antoon James W. , Caskey Rachel N. , Schumock Glen T. , Lee Todd A. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAlthough pediatric cancer survivors in the United States are at an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, to the authors' knowledge there is limited information regarding the types and combinations of conditions they experience in the years immediately after the completion of cancer therapy.MethodsAn observational cohort study of early pediatric cancer survivors (children who were ≥2 years from the end of therapy and aged ≤18 years) was conducted using the Truven Health MarketScan (r) Commercial Claims and Encounters database (2009‐2014). Latent class analysis was used to identify comorbidity groups among the subset with ≥2 conditions. Group‐level health care use was compared with survivors without chronic conditions using multivariate regression.ResultsA total of 3687 early survivors were identified, of whom approximately 41.2% had no chronic conditions, 22.5% had 1 chronic condition, and 36.3% had ≥2 chronic conditions. Among those with ≥2 chronic conditions, 5 groups emerged: 1) general pediatric morbidity (35.4%); 2) central nervous system (CNS) (22.4%); 3) mental health conditions (22.2%); 4) endocrine (26.2%); and 5) CNS with endocrine (3.8%). The CNS group experienced the highest expenditures, at $17,964 more per year (95% CI, $1446‐$34,482) compared with survivors without chronic conditions. The CNS group also had the highest odds of an emergency department visit (adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15‐2.56). The endocrine group had the highest odds of hospitalization (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.24‐4.22).ConclusionsMultimorbidity is common among pediatric cancer survivors. The current study identified 5 distinct comorbidity subgroups, all of which experienced high, yet differential, rates of health care use. The results of the current study highlight the complex health care needs of early survivors and provide evidence for the design of targeted survivorship services and interventions.
Catalyst Luminescence Exploited as an Inherent In Situ Probe of Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hayne David J. , Mohapatra Sudip , Bawden Joseph C. , Adcock Jacqui L. , Barbante Gregory J. , Doeven Egan H. , Fraser Catherine L. , Connell Timothy U. , White Jonathan M. , Henderson Luke C. , Francis Paul S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe luminescence of commonly used photoredox catalysts offers a continuous inherent in situ probe of electron or energy transfer that can be monitored by photodetectors such as a CCD spectrometer or a digital camera. This approach was applied with complementary ex situ experiments to examine the aerobic oxidation of anthracene with tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) as the catalyst. The reaction results in the precipitation of an isometrically pure syn‐tetraepoxide not seen in prior studies when an organic photocatalyst was employed. Changes in the emission were observed not only upon electron/energy transfer quenching of the catalyst but also from the presence of particles (undissolved substrate and precipitated product). These features impart dissimilar spectral distributions that can be discriminated by their relative contributions to the RGB data of the digital images. The approach thus enables interrogation of multiple facets of the reaction for monitoring and optimization, and offers unique insight into the mechanisms of photoredox catalysis systems.
A retrospective case series of electroconvulsive therapy in the management of comorbid depression and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Shilton Tal , Enoch‐Levy Adi , Giron Yanai , Yaroslavsky Amit , Amiaz Revital , Gothelf Doron , Weizman Abraham , Stein Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is common in anorexia nervosa (AN), associated with worse outcome and greater suicide risk. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is highly effective in the treatment of MDD refractory to antidepressive treatment. We describe a case series of female adolescents with AN receiving ECT for MDD resistant to treatment and/or with severe suicide risk.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the files of all 30 adolescent females hospitalized in our department because of AN between 1998 and 2017 and treated with ECT. Severity of eating disorder (ED) and depressive symptoms was retrospectively assessed using the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale.ResultsPatients were severely depressed and suicidal on admission. All were resistant to antidepressants. A significant deterioration in depression, with severe suicidality, occurred from admission to pre‐ECT, with concomitant improvement in ED symptoms and increase in body mass index (BMI). Significant improvement in depressive and ED symptoms and increase in BMI occurred following ECT, continuing to discharge. Adverse effects were mostly minimal. Fifty‐three percentage of the patients were rehospitalized within the first year after ECT, mostly because of deterioration of depression and attempted suicide. Several years after discharge, 46.6% of the patients had no evidence of depression, suicidality, and ED‐symptomatology, and another 23% had only evidence of ED symptomatology.DiscussionECT is safe and well tolerated in AN with severe comorbid treatment resistant MDD and/or with increased suicide risk. Many AN patients undergoing ECT may be remitted at long‐term follow‐up.
Understanding suicide risk and eating disorders in college student populations: Results from a National Study
Authors: Lipson Sarah K. , Sonneville Kendrin R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine suicide risk by eating disorder severity and symptom presentation in a nationwide sample of college students.MethodThe Healthy Minds Study is the largest mental health survey of college populations in the United States. We analyzed the most recent available data (2015–2017) with 71,712 randomly selected students from 77 campuses. We estimated associations between two measures of suicidality (ideation and attempts) and three validated measures of eating disorder symptoms (the SCOFF, weight concerns scale, and the eating disorder examination questionnaire binge and purge items). Importantly, we also controlled for co‐occurring symptoms of depression and anxiety, based on validated screening tools. The large, diverse sample provided a unique opportunity to assess whether certain individual characteristics were associated with increased risk.ResultsEating disorder symptoms, even at subthreshold levels, were highly predictive of suicidality. Relative to students with no apparent eating disorder symptoms, students with the highest symptom levels (a SCOFF score of 5) had 11 times higher odds of attempting suicide, while those with subthreshold symptoms had two times higher odds. We also observed a strong association between suicide attempts and eating disorder presentations that included purging. Students from marginalized backgrounds, particularly gender and sexual minorities, were at increased risk for suicide and eating disorders.DiscussionIn the largest known study to date, findings suggest that eating disorders should be a priority within broader campus suicide prevention efforts, should be assessed along a continuum of severity and symptom presentation, and should focus on reaching vulnerable students.
Expression of alternative developmental pathways in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris melete and their differences in life history traits
Authors: Tang Jian‐Jun , He Hai‐Min , Wu Shao‐Hui , Zou Cao , Xue Fang‐Sen , Xiao Lan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe seasonal life cycle of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris melete is complicated because there are three options for pupal development: summer diapause, winter diapause, and nondiapause. In the present study, we tested the influence of temperature, day length, and seasonality on the expression of alternative developmental pathways and compared the differences in life history traits between diapausing and directly developing individuals under laboratory and field conditions. The expression of developmental pathway strongly depended on temperature, day length, and seasonality. Low temperatures induced almost all individuals to enter diapause regardless of day length; relatively high temperatures combined with intermediate and longer day lengths resulted in most individuals developing without diapause in the laboratory. The field data revealed that the degree of phenotypic plasticity in relation to developmental pathway was much higher in autumn than in spring. Directly developing individuals showed shorter development times and higher growth rates than did diapausing individuals. The pupal and adult weights for both diapausing and directly developing individuals gradually decreased as rearing temperature increased, with the diapausing individuals being slightly heavier than the directly developing individuals at each temperature. Female body weight was slightly lower than male body weight. The proportional weight losses from pupa to adult were almost the same in diapausing individuals and in directly developing individuals, suggesting that diapause did not affect weight loss at metamorphosis. Our results highlight the importance of the expression of alternative developmental pathways, which not only synchronizes this butterfly's development and reproduction with the growth seasons of the host plants but also exhibits the bet‐hedging tactic against unpredictable risks due to a dynamic environment.
The effects of climate warming on the migratory status of early summer populations of Mythimna separata (Walker) moths: A case‐study of enhanced corn damage in central‐northern China, 1980–2016
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Yun‐dong , Qi Xiao‐hong , Xu Yong‐wei , Hou Yan‐hong , Fan Zhi‐ye , Shen Hai‐long , Liu Di , Shi Xing‐kai , Li Shi‐min , Duan Yun , Wu Yu‐qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMythimna separata (Walker) moths captured in light traps were monitored in Luohe, central‐northern China, from 1980 to 2016. Annual average temperature recorded an increase of 0.298°C/10 years in this region in the period. Our results indicate that a rising April and May average temperature and earlier occurrences of days recording the highest day temperature (30°C) caused an advanced peak and increasing proportion of high ovarian development levels of first‐generation females in earlier summers. Results using Johnson's formulation of “oogenesis‐flight syndrome” indicate that increasing sexual maturity proportion has resulted in more emigrant individuals in the local first‐generation moth becoming residents, and then increased individuals rapidly in the local second‐generation moth since 2006. Consequences of this action have a boom in corn damage since 2007 in this region. Advanced peak dates of the first and second‐generation moth revealed the same response to increasing average monthly temperatures in the monitoring period. Increasing temperatures, the average May temperature exceeds or equal to 22°C, during the early 2000's may represent a physiological threshold for M. separata development. Our results suggest that climate warming may impact M. separata migratory status and cause a problem of crop production in this region.
Nonconsumptive effects of a range‐expanding predator on juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) population dynamics
Authors: McMahan Marissa D. , Grabowski Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDistribution shifts poleward are a widespread response to climate change and can result in altered community composition and interactions among species that previously were geographically isolated. The novel communities and species interactions that may arise during range shifts provide an opportunity to study fundamental ecological processes, while also addressing potential conservation issues. Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) historically ranged from the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod, but recently have expanded north into the Gulf of Maine. Very little is known about the impact of this range expansion on benthic community structure throughout the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine. To investigate the effects of sea bass on the behavior of juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus), we manipulated the presence of sea bass olfactory cues and quantified shelter use and foraging behavior of lobsters from three regions in the Gulf of Maine with different potential contact histories with sea bass. Sea bass presence increased shelter usage and reduced foraging in lobsters, but contact history influenced the strength of these behavioral responses. Lobsters with no previous contact with sea bass did not significantly increase shelter usage or decrease movement in their presence but did reduce their foraging rate on mussels. This observed reduction in consumption indicates that naïve lobsters recognize novel predators, but the ineffective anti‐predator responses exhibited support the naive prey hypothesis. Meanwhile, lobsters with the longest potential contact history with sea bass significantly increased shelter usage when sea bass were present; however, they exhibited limited movement and foraging behavior in both the absence and presence of sea bass. Finally, lobsters with a short potential contact history with sea bass exhibited increased shelter usage, reduced movement, and reduced mussel consumption in the presence of sea bass, revealing that juvenile lobsters quickly adapt anti‐predator defenses to avoid this novel threat. Overall, these results suggest that prey contact history with novel predators mediates the strength of their nonconsumptive effects, and consequently can influence geographic patterns in predator–prey dynamics.
Local landscapes and microhabitat characteristics are important determinants of urban–suburban forest bee communities
Authors: Landsman Andrew P. , Ladin Zachary S. , Gardner David , Bowman Jacob L. , Shriver Greg , D'Amico Vince , Delaney Deborah A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite their diversity and abundance, the importance of native, forest bee communities to pollination services and inherent biological diversity conservation is often overlooked. We studied forest bee communities in Delaware and Pennsylvania, USA, to better understand how forest bee community structure varies with changing land use and microhabitat quality among small, urban and suburban forest fragments in the mid‐Atlantic United States. Our hypotheses were that (1) microhabitat quality would affect relative abundance of bee taxa, (2) surrounding landscape composition would drive local patch colonization–extinction dynamics, and (3) forest patch size would not affect community structure and composition. We found a lack of spatial autocorrelation among forest patches, indicating the importance of individual fragments in the autonomous generation and/or maintenance of bee communities. Community analyses revealed the importance of both landscape context and microhabitat quality in defining forest bee communities. By partitioning beta diversity into its constituent components, we also found that landscape composition drove changes in the relative abundance of taxa, while both landscape and microhabitat characteristics significantly influenced species turnover. Neither landscape composition nor quality of the microhabitat influenced initial site occupancy or colonization–extinction dynamics. Bisected by highways, suburban neighborhoods, agricultural lands, and urban development, many urban and suburban forest patches in the eastern United States are similar in composition to our study sites. As many native forest bees have limited capacity for long‐range movement between forest patches, these remaining forest fragments are critical to the conservation of unique and speciose forest bee communities.