bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Association with HIV Disclosure status among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Azagew Abere Woretaw , Mekonnen Chilot Kassa , Ferede Abebaw Jember , Yazew Kassahun Gebeyehu , Tezera Zewdu Baye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) medication is the pressing public health problem worldwide. Non-adherence to HAART leads to treatment failure, immunologic failure, and virological failure. Despite different interventions made; still, HAART medication adherence among adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is inconsistent across studies and the effect of HIV disclosure status was not well studied. Therefore this study determines the pooled prevalence of HAART adherence and its relationship with HIV disclosure status among Adult PLWHA.MethodsWe searched 3247 both published and unpublished original articles from January 2016 to November 2019 in Ethiopia using different search engines. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel. New Castle Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used. STATA software version 11 was used for analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Cochran Q statistics and I2 were used to estimate heterogeneity. Eggers and Begg’s test was used to assess the publication bias.ResultsA total of 15 studies for systematic review and four studies for Meta-analysis were used. The pooled prevalence of HAART medication adherence is found to be 81.19% (80.132, 82.248). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of HAART adherence was 79.82% (73.19, 86.45) in the Oromia region, 82.51% ( 73.14, 91.87) in the Amhara region, and 72.7% (63.78, 81.61) in the SNNPR. HIV disclosure improves HAART adherence by nearly three times compared to non-HIV disclosed HAART users (AOR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.88, 4.77).Conclusions﻿The pooled prevalence of HAART adherence among adult PLWHA was found to be low. Having HIV disclosure improved HAART medication adherence.
Clinical parameters predictive for sphincter-preserving surgery and prognostic outcome in patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer
Authors: Partl Richard , Magyar Marton , Hassler Eva , Langsenlehner Tanja , Kapp Karin Sigrid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Although controversial, there are data suggesting that clinical parameters can predict the probability of sphincter preserving procedures in rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between clinical parameters and the sphincter-preserving surgery rate in patients who had undergone neoadjuvant combination therapy for advanced low rectal cancer. Methods In this single center study, the charts of 540 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had been treated with induction chemotherapy-and/or neoadjuvant concomitant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) over an 11-year period were reviewed in order to identify patients with rectal cancer ≤6 cm from the anal verge, who had received the prescribed nRCT only. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify pretreatment patient- and tumor associated parameters correlating with sphincter preservation. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses.Results 280 of the 540 patients met the selection criteria. Of the 280 patients included in the study, 158 (56.4%) underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. 164 of 280 patients (58.6%) had a downsizing of the primary tumor (ypT < cT) and 39 (23.8%) of these showed a complete histopathological response (ypT0 ypN0). In univariate analysis, age prior to treatment, Karnofsky performance status, clinical T-size, relative lymphocyte value, CRP value, and interval between nRCT and surgery, were significantly associated with sphincter-preserving surgery. In multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR)=1.05, CI95%: 1.02-1.09, p=0.003), relative lymphocyte value (HR=0.94, CI95%: 0.89-0.99, p=0.029), and interval between nRCT and surgery (HR=2.39, CI95%: 1.17-4.88, p=0.016) remained as independent predictive parameters. A significant longer disease-free (p =0.009) and overall survival (p =0.004) were observed in the sphincter-preserving surgery group. Conclusions These clinical parameters can be considered in the prognostication of sphincter-preserving surgery in case of low rectal adenocarcinoma. More future research is required in this area.
Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use among adult population of Sunsari district, Nepal
Authors: Goel Khushboo , Sharma Shivalal , Baral Dharnidhar , Agrawal Santosh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tobacco products are considered significant but preventable factors related to initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. We assessed the prevalence of periodontitis and evaluated its association with tobacco use and other factors among the adult population of eastern Nepal.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural municipalities in the province one of eastern Nepal. A total of 440 individuals were interviewed with a set of a standardized pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data on social demographics, adverse oral habits followed by periodontal clinical examination were recorded. Prevalence of periodontitis was assessed by a case definition given by CDC-AAP. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between tobacco use and other factors with periodontitis.Results: The overall prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 71.6%. Majority (85.4%) of tobacco users had periodontitis and they were significantly associated with the disease and its severity. The study identified age groups, 45-65 years (AOR=7.585, 95% CI, 3.938-14.610), plaque index (AOR=1.017, 95% CI, 1.005- 1.029), smoking (AOR=3.149, 95% CI, 1.364- 7.270), khaini users (smokeless tobacco, AOR=2.275, 95% CI, 1.122-4.613) and teeth loss (AOR=2.025, 95% CI, 1.211-3.387) as the significant factors associated with periodontitis. Conclusion: Almost three-quarters of the adult population had some form of periodontitis. Oral hygiene awareness programs, educational efforts and tobacco cessation policies targeted to limit the modifiable factors should be considered immediately at the community level.
Importance of GWAS risk loci and clinical data in predicting asthma using machine-learning approaches
Authors: Liang Si-Qiao , Long Jian-Xiong , Deng Jingmin , Wei Xuan , Yang Mei-Ling , Tang Shao-Jie , Qin Hua-jiao , Zhou Jian-Peng , Li Hai-Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Asthma is a serious immune-mediated respiratory airway disease. Its pathological processes involve genetics and the environment, but it remains unclear. To understand the risk factors of asthma, we combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) risk loci and clinical data in predicting asthma using machine-learning approaches. A case–control study with 123 asthma patients and 100 healthy controls was conducted in Zhuang population in Guangxi. GWAS risk loci were detected using polymerase chain reaction, and clinical data were collected. Machine-learning approaches (e.g., extreme gradient boosting [XGBoost], decision tree, support vector machine, and random forest algorithms) were used to identify the major factors that contributed to asthma. A total of 14 GWAS risk loci with clinical data were analyzed on the basis of 10 times of 10-fold cross-validation for all machine-learning models. Using GWAS risk loci or clinical data, the best performances were area under the curve (AUC) values of 64.3% and 71.4%, respectively. Combining GWAS risk loci and clinical data, the XGBoost established the best model with an AUC of 79.7%, indicating that the combination of genetics and clinical data can enable improved performance. We then sorted the importance of features and found that the top six risk factors for predicting asthma were rs3117098, rs7775228, family history, rs2305480, rs4833095, and body mass index. Asthma-prediction models based on GWAS risk loci and clinical data can accurately predict asthma and thus provide insights into the disease pathogenesis of asthma. Further research is required to evaluate more genetic markers and clinical data and predict asthma risk.
Outcomes of and factors associated with partner notification and HIV testing in Northeastern Tanzania.
Authors: Lyamuya Furaha Seraphin , Muro Eva Prosper , Manongi Rachel , Mushi Declare , Kiwelu Irene , Katzenstein Terese , Theilgaard Zahra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence of high effectiveness of partner notification (PN) in reaching previously undiagnosed sexual partners. As a result, there is increasing implementation of PN in sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania, like other countries in the region, has recently expanded PN in HIV testing services. However, this approach is unlikely to yield the expected results if not well implemented. This study aimed to identify gaps and provide recommendations to improve routine implementation of PN in Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across seven care and treatment centers (CTCs) in the Kilimanjaro region from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 297 newly diagnosed HIV infected clients with sexual partner(s) in the past 24 months were recruited at 2 months of their CTC enrollment. Interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were done.Results: Two-thirds (195) were females. The majority 165 (85%) of those counseled and had partner(s) not previously tested for HIV consented to PN. They all chose passive PN with 102 (62%) reporting successful HIV status disclosure to their partner(s). Reporting disclosure was associated with; being married adjusted odds ratio (aOR 5.1, 95%CI: 2.4–10.9, p < 0.001), in a relationship for > 10 years (aOR 4.9, 95%CI: 1.3–17.6, p = 0.02) and living with the partner(s) (aOR 3.4, 95%CI: 1.3–9.1, p = 0.02). Fifty-three clients (27%) of those with partners not previously tested for HIV reported partner HIV testing following PN, associated with being married (aOR 3.4, 95%CI: 1.3-9, p < 0.02) and living with the partner (aOR 4.5, 95%CI: 1.3–15, p < 0.02). Male partner(s) had lower odds of successful HIV testing (aOR 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9, p = 0.02). Thirty-seven (67%) of those tested were HIV infected.Conclusions: Detection rate of previously undiagnosed HIV infection among clients referred for HIV-testing through PN was high. However, a significant number of partners did not report for HIV testing after 2 months of index clients CTC enrollment. Initiatives to improve PN are needed with special attention towards those who are single, not living with their partners, in a relationship for < 10 years as well as male sexual partners.
A Mokken Scale Analysis of the Kessler-6 Screening Measure among Chinese Elderly Population: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Zhang Lisong , Li Zhongquan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The ageing population increases rapidly across the world. Timely and effective screening of their mental health problems is important to individuals, families and the whole society. The Kessler-6 screening measure (K6) is a very popular instrument for non-specific psychological distress. However, few studies have focused on the psychometric properties of this instrument in the elderly population.
Methods
The present study employed Mokken scale analysis to evaluate its dimensionality and structure, and employed differential item functioning (DIF) to examine whether the same structure existed across sex in a national representative sample of old Chinese people. Data were drawn from a public data set, the 2010 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS2010), and responses from a total of 6450 participants aged 60 years old and above (3136 males and 3314 females) were included in the final analysis.
Results
Mokken scale analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the K6. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis revealed that two of the six items ("Hopeless" and "Everything was an effort") were marked for DIF based on the Chi-square. However, their impacts were negligible in term of McFadden's pseudo R2.
Conclusions
The K6 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in the old Chinese population. The sum of all six items can be used as an indicator of non-specific psychological distress. Differences in the indicator across gender should be considered as a real difference in psychological distress between the female and the male.
Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Xingrui , Che Qinglin , Ji Xiaoxiao , Meng Xinyi , Zhang Lang , Jia Rongrong , Lyu Hairong , Bai Weixian , Tan Lingjie , Gao Yanjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: New coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that has raised worldwide concern. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism.Methods: Chest high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination data of 31 patients with COVID-19 were extracted, and the lesion areas in CT images were quantitatively segmented and calculated using the deep learning (DL) system. A cross-sectional study method was used to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. Results: No significant difference in the proportion of infection was noted among various lung lobes (P > 0.05). The POI of total lung infection was negatively correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (L%) (r = -0.633, P < 0.0001) and lymphocyte count (LY) (r = -0.555, P = 0.001) but positively correlated with the neutrophil percentage (G%) (r = 0.565, P = 0.001). Otherwise, the POI was not significantly correlated with the peripheral blood leukocyte count (WBC), monocyte percentage (M%) or haemoglobin content (HGB). In some patients, the G% increased continuously and was accompanied by a progressive decrease in the L% and LY.Conclusions: No significant difference in infection propensity was noted among the lung lobes in COVID-19 patients. The peripheral blood lymphocyte and neutrophil levels are significantly correlated with the extent of lung lesions, and related indicator abnormalities serve as a warning, thus guiding the implications of clinical interventions in patients.
Not all dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nie Qixing , Gao He , Li Mingzhi , Sun Yonggan , Chen Haihong , Zuo Sheng , Fang Qingying , Huang Xiaojun , Yin Junyi , Hu Jielun , Nie Shaoping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to a need to make corrections.
Use of Aspergillus oryzae during sorghum malting to enhance yield and quality of gluten free lager beers
Authors: Rubio-Flores Mónica , García-Arellano Arnulfo Ricardo , Perez-Carrillo Esther , Serna-Saldivar Sergio Othón 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sorghum has been used for brewing European beers but its malt generally lower beer yields and alcohol contents. The aim of this research was to produce lager beers using worts from sorghum malted with and without Aspergillus oryzae inoculation. Worts adjusted to 15°Plato from the sorghum malt inoculated with 1% A. oryzae yielded 21.5% and 5% more volume compared to sorghum malt and barley malt worts, respectively. The main fermentable carbohydrate in all worts was maltose. Glucose was present in higher amounts in both sorghum worts compared to barley malt worts. Sorghum-A. oryzae beer had similar specific gravity and alcohol compared to the barley malt beer. Sorghum-A. oryzae beer contained lower amounts of hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, butanedione, and pentadione compared to barley malt beer. Sorghum-A. oryzae lager beer had similar yield and alcohol content compared to the barley malt beer but differed in color, key volatiles and aromatic compounds.
Inhibitory Control Training Reveals a Common Neurofunctional Basis for Generic Executive Functions and Language Switching in Bilinguals
Authors: Wu Yan Jing , Chen Mo , Thierry Guillaume , Fu Yongben , Wu Junjie , Guo Taomei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The neural networks underpinning language control and domain-general executive functions overlap in bilinguals, but existing evidence is mainly correlative. Here, we present the first neurofunctional evidence for a transfer effect between (domain-general) inhibitory control and language control through training. We trained Chinese-English bilinguals for 8 days using a Simon task taxing the inhibitory control system, whilst an active control group was trained with a color judgment task that does not tax the inhibitory control system. All participants performed a language-switching task before and after training.Results: The results showed a negative correlation between changes in activation levels in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and changes in the switch cost magnitude in the language-switching task in the training group but not in the control group, suggesting that the DLPFC plays a critical role in the transfer effect from domain-general executive functions to language control. However, there was no measurable effect in the anterior cingulate cortex or left caudate nucleus, suggesting that the inhibitory control training increased the neural efficiency for language production in bilinguals in terms of attention shifting and conflict resolution, but the training did not affect conflict detection and lexical selection.Conclusion: These findings showed how cognitive training evidence can help establish a causational link between the neural basis of domain-general executive functions and language control in bilinguals.
The Efficacy and Safety of Indocyanine green- hyaluronic acid mixture (LuminoMarkTM) for Localization in Patients with Non-palpable Breast Lesions: A Multi-center Open-label Parallel Phase-2 Clinical trial
Authors: Kim Isaac , Choi Hee Jun , Ryu Jai Min , Lee Se Kyung , Yu Jong Han , Lee Jeong Eon , Nam Seok Jin , Shin Hyuk Jai , Kim Seok Won 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds With increasing screening for breast cancer, non-palpable breast lesions are detected more frequently. A preoperative localization is very important for a minimal but accurate excision of a non-palpable breast lesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of indocyanine green(ICG)-hyaluronic acid mixture injection as a novel material for localization. Methods We performed prospective clinical trial with female patients who underwent surgery for non-palpable breast lesion. 44 patients were sequentially assigned to the control group(localization with activated charcoal), test group 1(ICG-hyaluronic acid mixture 0.1ml), or test group 2(ICG-hyaluronic acid mixture 0.2ml) by 1:1:1 ratio. Results Most were over 40 years old, and there were no differences between three groups in age distribution. According to the pathologic results, fibroadenoma accounted for the largest share (38.6%, 17/44) and malignancy accounted for 11.4% (5/44). The marking rate on both breast lesions and excised specimens was over 86% in all groups, and there was no difference. However, skin pigmentation was only in the control group and the accuracy of resection (the greatest length in cm of the excised specimen divided by the greatest length in cm on the pre-operation ultrasound image, the value closer to 1 meant resection as much as the size on ultrasound image) was different significantly. The average was 3.7(range 1.2-13.3) in control group and 2.2 (1.0-4.2) in test 1 group and 2.1(1.0-4.2) in test 2 group. Conclusion ICG-hyaluronic acid mixture injection was superior to activated charcoal for localization in patients with non-palpable breast lesions.
High-Quality Genome Sequence Assembly of R.A73 Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Freshwater fish mucus Exhibiting high Probiotic Potential
Authors: Jeni Rim El , Ghedira Kais , Bour Monia El , Abdelhak Sonia , Kahla Alia Ben , Bouhaouala-Zahar Balkiss 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Whole-genome sequencing using high throughput technologies has revolutionized and speeded up the scientific investigation of bacterial genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) have been extensively used in fermentation and more recently as probiotics in food products that promote health. Genome sequencing and functional genomics investigations of LABs varieties provide rapid and important information about their diversity and their evolution, revealing a significant molecular basis.This study investigates the whole genome sequences of the Enterococcus faecium genome (HG937697), isolated from the mucus of freshwater fish in Tunisian dams. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Quick-GDNA kit (Zymoresearch) and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2500 system. Sequences quality assessment was performed using FastQC software. The complete genome annotation was carried out with the RAST web server then NCBI PGAAP. Results: The Enterococcus faecium R.A73 assembled in 28 contigs consisting of 2,935,283 bps. The genome annotation revealed 2,884 genes in total including 2,834 coding sequences and 50 RNAs containing 3 rRNAs (one rRNA 16s, one rRNA 23s and one rRNA 5s) and 47 tRNAs. Twenty-two genes implicated in bacteriocin production are identified within the Enterococcus faecium R.A73 genome.Conclusions: Data obtained provide insights to further investigate the effective strategy for testing this Enterococcus faecium R.A73 strain in the industrial manufacturing process. Studying their metabolism with bioinformatics tools represents the future challenge and contribution to improving the utilization of the multi-purpose bacteria in food.
Participation in Disease Management Programs and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Fischer Christian , Höpner Jens , Hartwig Saskia , Noutsias Michel , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are still the main cause of death in the western world. However, diminishing mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are motivating the need to investigate the process of stationary and ambulatory secondary prevention after AMI. Besides cardiac rehabilitation, disease management programs (DMPs) are an important component of outpatient care after AMI in Germany. This study aims to analyze outcomes after AMI among those who participated in DMPs and stationary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in a region with overall increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods: On the basis of data from a regional myocardial infarction registry and a 2-years follow up period, we assessed the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in relation to participation in CR and DMP, risk factors for complications and individual health, and lifestyle characteristics. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to compare survival time until an adverse event occurred.Results Out of 1,094 observed patients AMI, 272 were enrolled in a DMP. A weak association between DMP participation and hazard rates for MACE compared to non-enrollees was found in the crude model (hazard ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval = 0.65–1.33). When adjusted for possible confounders, this difference disappeared (1.03; 0.72–1.48). Furthermore, smokers and obese patients showed a distinctly lower chance of DMP enrollment. In contrast, participants of CR showed a lower risk for MACE in crude (0.52; 0.41–0.65) and adjusted analysis (0.56; 0.44–0.71).Conclusions Participation in DMP was not associated with a lower risk of MACE, while CR showed beneficial effects. Adjustment only slightly changed effect estimates in both cases, still potential effects of confounding need to be considered.