bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Older Patients
Authors: Di Mengyang , Huntington Scott F , Olszewski Adam J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are diagnosed at age 60 years or older. Challenges to effective therapy among older individuals include unfavorable biologic features of DLBCL, geriatric vulnerabilities, suboptimal treatment selection, and toxicities of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Wider application of geriatric assessments may help identify fit older patients who benefit from standard immunochemotherapy without unnecessary dose reductions. Conversely, attenuated regimens may provide a better balance of risk and benefit for selected unfit or frail patients. Supportive care with the use of corticosteroid-based prephase, prophylactic growth factors, and early institution of supportive and palliative care can help maximize treatment tolerance. Several novel or emerging therapies have demonstrated favorable toxicity profiles, thus facilitating effective treatment for elderly patients. In the relapsed or refractory setting, patients who are not candidates for stem cell transplantation can benefit from newly approved options including polatuzumab vedotin-based combinations or tafasitamab plus lenalidomide, which may have higher efficacy and/or lower toxicity than historical chemotherapy regimens. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has been successfully applied to older patients outside of clinical trials. In the first-line setting, emerging immunotherapy options (bispecific antibodies) and targeted therapies (anti-CD20 antibodies combined with lenalidomide and/or B-cell receptor inhibitors) may provide chemotherapy-free approaches for DLBCL. Enrolling older patients in clinical trials will be paramount to fully examine potential efficacy and toxicity of these strategies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in fitness stratification and therapy that have expanded curative options for older patients, as well as future opportunities to improve outcomes in this population.

Implications for Practice
Management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in older patients poses challenges due to aggressive disease biology and geriatric vulnerability. Although R-CHOP remains standard first-line treatment, geriatric assessment may help evaluate patients' fitness for immunochemotherapy. Corticosteroid prephase, prophylactic growth factors, and early palliative care can improve tolerance of treatment. Novel salvage options (polatuzumab vedotin-based combinations, tafasitamab plus lenalidomide) or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy should be considered in the relapsed or refractory setting for patients ineligible for stem cell transplantation. Emerging immunotherapies (bispecific antibodies) and targeted therapies provide potential first-line chemotherapy-free approaches, which need to be rigorously assessed in clinical trials that involve geriatric patients.
Parents’ responses to prognostic disclosure at diagnosis of a child with a high‐risk brain tumor: Analysis of clinician‐parent interactions and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Bluebond‐Langner Myra , Hall Nicolas , Vincent Katherine , Henderson Ellen M. , Russell Jessica , Beecham Emma , Bryan Gemma , Gains Jennifer E. , Gaze Mark N. , Slater Olga , Langner Richard W. , Hargrave Darren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found that parents of children with cancer desire more prognostic information than is often given even when prognosis is poor. We explored in audio‐recorded consultations the kinds of information they seek.MethodsEthnographic study including observation and audio recording of consultations at diagnosis. Consultations were transcribed and analyzed using an interactionist perspective including tools drawn from conversation and discourse analysis.ResultsEnrolled 21 parents and 12 clinicians in 13 cases of children diagnosed with a high‐risk brain tumor (HRBT) over 20 months at a tertiary pediatric oncology center. Clinicians presented prognostic information in all cases. Through their questions, parents revealed what further information they desired. Clinicians made clear that no one could be absolutely certain what the future held for an individual child. Explicit communication about prognosis did not satisfy parents’ desire for information about their own child. Parents tried to personalize prognostic information and to apply it to their own situation. Parents moved beyond prognostic information presented and drew conclusions, which could change over time. Parents who were present in the same consultations could form different views of their child's prognosis.ConclusionPopulation level prognostic information left parents uncertain about their child's future. The need parents revealed was not for more such information but rather how to use the information given and how to apply it to their child in the face of such uncertainty. Further research is needed on how best to help parents deal with uncertainty and make prognostic information actionable.
Axial and lateral buckling analysis of kevlar/epoxy fiber‐reinforced composite laminates incorporating silica nanoparticles
Authors: Özbek Özkan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to experimentally determine the effect of silica nanoparticles (NS) on the buckling characteristics of Kevlar/epoxy fiber reinforced composite laminates. The composite samples with different weight fractions of NS particles, namely 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 wt%, were prepared by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and subjected to axial and lateral buckling tests. Additionally, the buckling tests were performed on the samples with different lengths (125, 150, 175, 200 and 225 mm) to analyze in more detail the influence of NS fractions on axial and lateral buckling performances. Morphology and failure mechanisms of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy images of critical regions of each sample. The results showed that the incorporation of NS particles led to higher critical buckling load values for both axial and lateral buckling. The highest critical buckling load values for both axial and lateral buckling events were observed for 1.5 wt% NS particle content in Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates. Further increasing of NS resulted with the decrements in critical buckling loads because of poor interfacial bonding between NS particles and epoxy resin, primarily due to onset of agglomeration. As it is expected the decreases in length of samples resulted with significant increases in both the axial and lateral buckling characteristics. The results of this research can be used to design composites with high buckling resistance, especially for applications where loading may compromise structural stability and functionality, such as tall buildings, structural bridges and roofs, rail tracks.
Structural insights into a C2 domain protein specifically found in tardigrades
Authors: Fukuda Yohta , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSome tardigrades can survive extremely desiccated conditions through transition into a state called anhydrobiosis. Anhydrobiotic tardigrades have proteins unique to them and they are thought to be keys to the understanding of unusual desiccation resistance. In fact, previous transcriptome data show that several tardigrade‐specific proteins are significantly upregulated under desiccated conditions. However, their physiological roles and chemical properties have been ambiguous because they show low or no similarity of amino acid sequences to proteins found in other organisms. Here, we report a crystal structure of one of such proteins. This protein shows a β‐sandwich structure composed of 8 β‐strands, three Ca2+‐binding sites, and hydrophobic residues on Ca2+‐binding (CBD) loops, which resemble characteristics of C2 domain proteins. We therefore conveniently describe this protein as tardigrade C2 domain protein (TC2P). Because the C2 domain functions as a Ca2+‐mediated membrane docking module, which is related to signal transduction or membrane trafficking, TC2Ps may play a role in Ca2+‐triggered phenomenon under desiccated situations. Our finding provides not only structural insights into a newly discovered desiccation‐related protein family but also insights into the evolution and diversity of C2 domain proteins.
Geostrophic drag law for conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers revisited
Authors: Liu Luoqin , Gadde Srinidhi N. , Stevens Richard J.A.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe geostrophic drag law (GDL), which predicts the geostrophic drag coefficient and the cross‐isobaric angle, is relevant for meteorological applications such as wind energy. For conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers (CNBLs) capped by an inversion, the GDL coefficients A and B are affected by the inversion strength and latitude, expressible via the ratio of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N) to the Coriolis parameter (f). We present large‐eddy simulations (LES) covering a wider range of N/|f| than considered previously, and show that A and B obtained from carefully performed LES collapse to a single curve when plotted against N/|f|. This verifies the GDL for CNBLs over an extended range of N/|f| within LES. Additionally, in agreement with atmospheric observations, we show that using A = 1.9 and B = 4.4 accurately predicts the geostrophic drag coefficient in the limit of weak inversion strength or high latitude (). However, due to the strong dependence of B on N/|f|, corresponding predictions for the cross‐isobaric angle are less accurate. As we find significant deviations between the LES results and the original parameterization of the GDL for CNBLs, we update the corresponding model coefficients.
Mechanisms for N3 formation in radiated solid nitrogen: Computational predictions including excited electronic states
Authors: Silva Mateus Xavier , Belchior Jadson Cláudio , Galvão Breno Rodrigues Lamaghere 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA computational investigation of the azide radical formation from two N2 molecules was carried out employing the CASSCF and MRCI electronic structure methods. Potential energy curves were built considering various electronic excited states along proposed reaction coordinates. Reaction paths with C2v and Cs symmetries were considered and energy barriers were estimated, as well as intersections between key electronic states were found. A possible reaction mechanism is suggested involving a nitrogen atom abstraction to produce linear N3. The distinction between N3 formed by UV radiated ices and other sources of energy is presented and rationalized. Among other results, we predict that the N3 radical can react barrierlessly with N(2D) atoms, yielding N2 + N2 products.
A robust culture system to generate neural progenitors with gliogenic competence from clinically relevant induced pluripotent stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury
Authors: Kamata Yasuhiro , Isoda Miho , Sanosaka Tsukasa , Shibata Reo , Ito Shuhei , Okubo Toshiki , Shinozaki Munehisa , Inoue Mitsuhiro , Koya Ikuko , Shibata Shinsuke , Shindo Tomoko , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki , Nagoshi Narihito , Kohyama Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cell-based therapy targeting spinal cord injury (SCI) is an attractive approach to promote functional recovery by replacing damaged tissue. We and other groups have reported the effectiveness of transplanting neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in SCI animal models for neuronal replacement. Glial replacement is an additional approach for tissue repair; however, the lack of robust procedures to drive iPSCs into NS/PCs which can produce glial cells has hindered the development of glial cell transplantation for the restoration of neuronal functions after SCI. Here, we established a method to generate NS/PCs with gliogenic competence (gNS/PCs) optimized for clinical relevance and utilized them as a source of therapeutic NS/PCs for SCI. We could successfully generate gNS/PCs from clinically relevant hiPSCs, which efficiently produced astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in vitro. We also performed comparison between gNS/PCs and neurogenic NS/PCs based on single cell RNA-seq analysis and found that gNS/PCs were distinguished by expression of several transcription factors including HEY2 and NFIB. After gNS/PC transplantation, the graft did not exhibit tumor-like tissue formation, indicating the safety of them as a source of cell therapy. Importantly, the gNS/PCs triggered functional recovery in an SCI animal model, with remyelination of demyelinated axons and improved motor function. Given the inherent safety of gNS/PCs and favorable outcomes observed after their transplantation, cell-based medicine using the gNS/PCs-induction procedure described here together with clinically relevant iPSCs is realistic and would be beneficial for SCI patients.
Linkages between sanitation and the sustainable development goals: A case study of Brazil
Authors: Diep Loan , Martins Flavio Pinheiro , Campos Luiza C. , Hofmann Pascale , Tomei Julia , Lakhanpaul Monica , Parikh Priti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper identifies opportunities from targeted and integrated sanitation action to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is contextualised to the case of Brazil through a systematic approach applied to the sanitation sector that considers the range of infrastructure, management services and people involved in different phases of the service chain, from municipal wastewater containment to safe disposal or re‐use. Articulating the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sanitation, this study analyses their links with each of the 169 SDG targets. We demonstrate that 87 targets across 16 goals require action in Brazil's sanitation sector to achieve the SDGs. Furthermore, we identify synergies between sanitation and 124 targets in four domains: basic services for resilience building, equity and empowerment, pollution reduction and waste reuse and economic well‐being. Key results include the need for Brazil to invest in closed‐loop systems that valorise waste as a resource and the need to multiply efforts in the integrated provision of basic services in low‐income areas most affected by the lack of access to adequate sanitation. The links identified are supported by the compiled evidence of published research. The analysis of linkages through this structured approach aims to highlight opportunities for strategic governance action to support policy harmonisation and partnerships across Brazil's sanitation sector and beyond. With this research, we show that establishing linkages among the SDGs provides an adaptable framework that can support policy‐makers and practitioners seeking to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.
The psychological distance and construal level perspectives of sustainable value creation in SMEs
Authors: Mzembe Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examinesinternal organizational factors and external antecedents of sustainable value creation by small medium enterprises (SMEs) and constructs a framework that integrates, at both levels, the theories of psychological distance and construal level from the field of psychology. This research provides an explanation as to why sustainable value creation remains a complex issue, and why many SMEs' engage with sustainable value creation to varying degrees. This paper particularly highlights how owner/managers of SME may construe different dimensions of psychological distance and apply their understanding to their response to different antecedents of sustainable value creation. Finally, by adopting the psychological distance perspective, this paper highlights the conditions under which internal and external organizational and factors can affect SMEs' propensity to create sustainable value. It further concludes by highlighting areas for further research.
Light Paraffinic Naphtha to BTX Aromatics over Metal‐Modified Pt/ZSM‐5
Authors: Ellouh Mohammed , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Aitani Abdullah , Akhtar Muhammad Naseem , Jin Yaming , Koseoglu Omer , Alasiri Hassan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the conversion of light paraffinic naphtha (C5‐C6) into BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) aromatics using 1.0 wt % Pt‐M/ZSM‐5 (modifier M=1 wt% Zn, 2 wt % of Fe, La, Ga) prepared using wet‐impregnation method. The effects of Pt and modifier on light naphtha conversion, yield and aromatic selectivity (benzene, toluene, xylene, C9+ aromatics) were studied in fixed‐bed flow reactor in atmospheric pressure, at 550 °C, and WHSV 1.0 h−1. Catalytic efficiency of modified Pt or Pt‐M ZSM‐5 catalysts has been equated to conventional ZSM‐5 [Si/Al2=30] catalyst. While the yield of total aromatics was slightly increased over Pt/ZSM‐5 comparison to parent ZSM‐5 from 32 wt % to 37 wt %, the value for in situ formed mesoporous Pt‐Ga/ZSM‐5 was significantly improved reaching 60 wt %. The higher selectivity to aromatics is attributed to the induced mesoporous volumes and dehydrogenation activity of Ga species. These species associated with Pt were effective in the conversion of light naphtha to olefins, which later converted into aromatics by secondary reactions: cracking, isomerization and dimerization. The Pt‐Ga/ZSM‐5 showed good stability toward the selective production of aromatics at a low toluene/benzene ratio ∼0.5 due to Pt component.
Laser Writable Multifunctional van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Su Bao‐Wang , Zhang Xi‐Lin , Yao Bin‐Wei , Guo Hao‐Wei , Li De‐Kang , Chen Xu‐Dong , Liu Zhi‐Bo , Tian Jian‐Guo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAchieving multifunctional van der Waals nanoelectronic devices on one structure is essential for the integration of 2D materials; however, it involves complex architectural designs and manufacturing processes. Herein, a facile, fast, and versatile laser direct write micro/nanoprocessing to fabricate diode, NPN (PNP) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) simultaneously based on a pre‐fabricated black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide heterostructure is demonstrated. The PN junctions exhibit good diode rectification behavior. Due to different carrier concentrations of BP and MoS2, the NPN BJT, with a narrower base width, renders better performance than the PNP BJT. Furthermore, the current gain can be modulated efficiently through laser writing tunable base width WB, which is consistent with the theoretical results. The maximum gain for NPN and PNP is found to be ≈41 (@WB≈600 nm) and ≈12 (@WB≈600 nm), respectively. In addition, this laser write processing technique also can be utilized to realize multifunctional WSe2/MoS2 heterostructure device. The current work demonstrates a novel, cost‐effective, and universal method to fabricate multifunctional nanoelectronic devices. The proposed approach exhibits promise for large‐scale integrated circuits based on 2D heterostructures.
High‐Resolution Printable and Elastomeric Conductors from Strain‐Adaptive Assemblies of Metallic Nanoparticles with Low Aspect Ratios
Authors: Kang Yu , Wang Guoqi , Zhao Sanchuan , Li Jiaye , Di Lu , Feng Yang , Yin Jun , Zhu Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStretchable conductors capable of precise micropatterning are imperative for applications in various wearable technologies. Metallic nanoparticles with low aspect ratios and miniscule sizes are preferred over metallic nanowires or nanoflakes for such applications. However, nanoparticles tend to lose mutual contact during stretching. Therefore, they are rarely used alone in stretchable conductors. In this study, electronic inks comprising silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the high‐resolution printing of stretchable conductors are reported. AgNPs are synthesized using aqueous polyurethane micelles, which are subsequently disentangled into polymeric chains in isopropanol to stabilize the inks. The ink rheology can be arbitrarily tuned to allow direct‐write printing with a minimum feature width of 3 µm. Owing to the absence of extra surfactants, direct drying of such inks at room temperature provides the stretchable conductors with an initial conductivity of 8846 S cm−1 and conductivity of 1305 S cm−1 at 100% strain. This enhanced performance is attributed to the conductive percolations through assemblies of AgNPs adapting to the strain and is equivalent to those of stretchable conductors filled with Ag nanowires or flakes. These inks are promising for the scalable fabrication of highly integrated stretchable electronics.
Nanoscale Imaging and Control of Volatile and Non‐Volatile Resistive Switching in VO2
Authors: Shabalin Anatoly G. , del Valle Javier , Hua Nelson , Cherukara Mathew J. , Holt Martin V. , Schuller Ivan K. , Shpyrko Oleg G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractControl of the metal‐insulator phase transition is vital for emerging neuromorphic and memristive technologies. The ability to alter the electrically driven transition between volatile and non‐volatile states is particularly important for quantum‐materials‐based emulation of neurons and synapses. The major challenge of this implementation is to understand and control the nanoscale mechanisms behind these two fundamental switching modalities. Here, in situ X‐ray nanoimaging is used to follow the evolution of the nanostructure and disorder in the archetypal Mott insulator VO2 during an electrically driven transition. Our findings demonstrate selective and reversible stabilization of either the insulating or metallic phases achieved by manipulating the defect concentration. This mechanism enables us to alter the local switching response between volatile and persistent regimes and demonstrates a new possibility for nanoscale control of the resistive switching in Mott materials.
Unexpected Photoinduced Room Temperature Magnetization in Bi2WO6 Nanosheets
Authors: Wei Jing , Xia Yuguo , Qayum Abdul , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong , Wang Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current investigation in magnetism in 2D materials offers new opportunities for studying spintronics at low dimensions. Here, reversible photoinduced room temperature magnetization in 2D Bi2WO6 nanosheets is reported for the first time. Compared with the original state, the ultraviolet (UV)‐illuminated Bi2WO6 nanosheets show a yellow‐green color change and significantly enhanced magnetic signals (saturated magnetization (Ms) increased from 0.002 to 0.12 emu g−1). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show unexpected W reduction (W6+ to W5+/W4+) and Bi oxidation (Bi3+ to Bi5+) upon UV illumination for the Bi2WO6 nanosheets, indicating a photoexcited Bi to W charge transfer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate spontaneous spin polarization of the Bi2WO6 nanosheets in the excited metastable state. Meanwhile, thicker Bi2WO6 nanoplates or nanoparticles show no enhanced magnetic signals upon UV illumination. UV illumination of the thin Bi2WO6 nanosheets can induce the formation of internal electric field (polarization), leading to structural deformation/lattice distortion (photostriction). The photoexcited electrons are trapped in the WO6 layers while the photogenerated holes are trapped in the Bi2O2 layers, leading to spin polarization and enhance the magnetization. The research may bring some new insights in tuning the magnetic properties of 2D nanostructures.