bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation as pretreatment for membrane‐based wetland saline water desalination
Authors: Elma Muthia , Rahma Aulia , Pratiwi Amalia E. , Rampun Erdina L.A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWetland saline water is the enormous problem faced by rural people in Kalimantan, Indonesia. During rainy season, seawater intrudes wetland aquifer and turns water to saline. Application of membrane silica–pectin is eligible to solve this issue. Sadly, this water contains high concentration of organic matter that contributes to declining of membrane performance. Therefore, coagulation pretreatment is explored to enhance membrane filtration performance. The objective of this work is to investigate the optimum condition of coagulation pretreatment to enhance silica–pectin membrane performance for wetland saline water desalination. Sol gel process was employed to fabricate silica–pectin membrane and calcined via rapid thermal processing technique. Desalination was operated by pervaporation at 25–60°C. Maximum removal of organic matter UV254 was obtained at coagulant 30 g L−1 of 83.5% (pH 7). Combination processes between coagulation pretreatment and silica–pectin membranes offered high water flux at 60°C (12.2 kg m−2 h−1). The UV254 rejection of the feed water with coagulation is 43% higher than without applying coagulation pretreatment. Overall, salt rejection for all processes was extremely good (99.9%). Application of coagulation as pretreatment is promising to enhance performance of silica–pectin membrane for wetland water desalination.
Modification of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber membranes by in situ polydopamine coating for tissue engineering
Authors: Lin Jixin , Wang Weiwen , Cheng Jiaqi , Cui Zhixiang , Si Junhui , Wang Qianting , Chen Wenzhe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo improve the interaction between cells and scaffolds, the appropriate surface chemical property is very important for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work, the dopamine (DA) was first introduced into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix to obtain TPU/DA nanofibers by electrospinning. Subsequently, the TPU@polydopamine (PDA) composite nanofibers with core/shell structure were fabricated by in situ polymerization of PDA. In comparison with TPU nanofibers, the uniformization of PDA coating layer on the surface of TPU/DA composite nanofibers significantly increased due to the addition of DA, which used as the active sites to guide the PDA particles accumulated along with the fiber direction. The hydrophilicity and water uptake ability of TPU@PDA composite nanofibers were larger than those of TPU nanofibers. The TPU@PDA composite nanofibers possess excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of high strength, stiffness, elasticity, and recoverability because of the hydrogen bonding occurrence between PDA and DA, as well as between PDA and TPU matrix. The attachment and viability of mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells (MC3T3‐E1) cultured on TPU@PDA composite nanofibers were obviously enhanced compared with TPU nanofibers. Those results suggested that the modified TPU@PDA composite nanofibers have superior mechanical and biological properties, which promoting them potentially useful for tissue engineering scaffolds.
Reducing Agents for Improving the Stability of Sn‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Tianyue , Yan Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have aroused tremendous research interest for their high efficiency, low cost and solution processability. However, the involvement of toxic lead in state‐of‐art perovskites hinders their market prospects. As an alternative, Sn‐based perovskites exhibit similar semiconductor characteristics and can potentially achieve comparable photovoltaic performance in comparison with their lead‐based counterparts. The main challenge of developing Sn‐based PCSs lies in the intrinsic poor stability of Sn2+, which could be oxidized and converted to Sn4+. Notably, introduction of SnX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) additive becomes indispensable in the fabrication process, which highlights the importance of incorporating a reducing agent to improve the device stability. Additionally, efforts are made to utilize other reducing agents with different functions for the further enhancement of device performance. Currently, Sn‐based PSCs could attain a record efficiency over 10% with great stability. In this review, we present the recent progress on reducing agents for improving the stability of Sn‐based PSCs, and we hope to shed light on the challenges and opportunities of this research field.
Multivariate generalized hyperbolic laws for modeling financial log‐returns: Empirical and theoretical considerations
Authors: Fotopoulos Stergios B. , Paparas Alex , Jandhyala Venkata K. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study is to consider the multivariate generalized hyperbolic (MGH) distribution for modeling financial log‐returns. Beginning with the multivariate geometric subordinated Brownian motion for asset prices, we first demonstrate that the mean‐variance mixing model of the multivariate normal law is natural for log‐returns of financial assets. This multivariate mean‐variance mixing model forms the basis for deriving the MGH family as a class of distributions for modeling the behavior of log‐returns. While theory suggests MGH to be an appropriate family, empirical considerations must also support such a proposition. This article reviews various empirical criteria in support of the MGH family. From a theoretical perspective, we present an alternative form of the density for the MGH family. This alternative density for the MGH family is more convenient for deriving certain limiting results. Numerical study on the distributional behavior of six stocks from the US market forms the foundation of investigating the suitability of the MGH family and some of its well‐known subfamilies. Along the way, we implement the multicycle expectation conditional maximization algorithm for estimating the parameters of the MGH family. Then adapting a recently developed algorithmic procedure, we develop a self‐contained methodology for carrying out goodness‐of‐fit tests for the MGH distribution. The numerical study on the six stocks confirms the suitability of the MGH distribution for different time scales of the log‐returns such as daily, monthly, and 6‐monthly data.
Optimizing Ni−Fe−Ga alloys into Ni2FeGa for the Hydrogenation of CO2 into Methanol
Authors: Smitshuysen Thomas E. L. , Nielsen Monia R. , Pruessmann Tim , Zimina Anna , Sheppard Thomas L. , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Chorkendorff Ib , Damsgaard Christian D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA screening study of the catalytic performance of ternary alloy nanoparticles containing nickel, iron and gallium supported on silica for methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 was performed. Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and subsequently reduced in H2 before catalytic testing. Ni2FeGa showed the best performance of the tested catalysts in terms of methanol yield. An optimization of the preparation was done to improve activity and selectivity, reaching a performance close to that of commercially available Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/MgO at low reaction temperatures and pressure. Extensive in situ characterisation using environmental TEM, in situ XRD and in situ EXAFS of the formation of the Ni2FeGa catalyst explains an optimal reduction temperature of 550 °C: warm enough that the three atomic species will form an alloy while cold enough to prevent the catalyst from sintering during the formation.
Model‐Based Optimization of Ripening Processes with Feedback Modules
Authors: Spinola Michele , Keimer Alexander , Segets Doris , Leugering Günter , Pflug Lukas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain high‐quality particulate products with tailored properties, process conditions and their evolution in time must be chosen appropriately. Although the efficiency of these products depends on their dispersity in several dimensions, in established processes the particle size is usually the decisive variable to adjust. As part of the synthesis of these products, feedback modules are often incorporated so that a time‐dependent ratio of the obtained product can flow back into the system. Moreover, the synthesis should be an energy‐ and resource‐efficient process. To provide a means of ensuring this requirement, a model‐ and gradient‐based, numerically efficient optimization tool for particle synthesis is presented which was developed to describe population balance equations incorporating feedback terms.
Fullerene C76: An Unexplored Superior Electrode Material with Wide Operating Potential Window for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Ali Basant A. , Biby Ahmed H. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbon materials have widely been used to enhance the performance of a plethora of supercapacitor electrode materials. In this regard, it is crucial to identify carbon materials that function over a wide pH range while enjoying a wide potential window. Herein, the DFT calculations were used to elucidate the electronic performance of C76and the C76/electrolyte interface. The electronic investigation revealed the nature of the conductivity and charge storage mechanism of C76based on the bandgap and quantum capacitance calculations. Also, the electrochemical and electronic properties of fullerene C76have been extensively investigated over a wide pH range; acidic H2SO4, basic KOH, and neutral Na2SO4. The results showed a promising performance in the three electrolytes. Moreover, C76electrodes exhibited a potential window of 1.9 V in Na2SO4electrolyte, resulting in capacitances of 171 F/g and 142 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s in the positive and negative potential windows, respectively. The material showed a pseudocapacitance performance of 65 % in Na2SO4electrolyte in the positive potential window. We believe higher fullerenes provide a new class of materials for developing versatile supercapacitor devices for efficient energy storage.
Low‐Temperature Solution Crystallization of Nanostructured Oxides and Thin Films
Authors: Bretos Iñigo , Diodati Stefano , Jiménez Ricardo , Tajoli Francesca , Ricote Jesús , Bragaggia Giulia , Franca Marina , Calzada Maria Lourdes , Gross Silvia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs an introduction to this themed issue, a critically selected overview of recent progress on the topic of solution methods for the low‐temperature crystallization of nanoscale oxide materials is presented. It is focused on the low‐temperature solution processing of oxide nanostructures and thin films. Benefits derived from these methods span from minimizing the environmental impact to reducing the fabrication costs. In addition, this topic is regarded as a key objective in the area because it offers a unique opportunity for the use of these materials in areas like flexible electronics, energy conversion and storage, environmental sciences, catalysis, or biomedicine.
CpTiCl2‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling between Internal Alkynes and Ketones: A Novel Concept in the Synthesis of Halogenated, Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Roldan‐Molina Esther , Nievas Maria M. , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Oltra J. Enrique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel concept for the synthesis of halogenated, conjugated dienes is disclosed: the CpTiCl2‐catalyzed coupling of keto‐alkynes, in the presence of Me3SiBr/Et3N⋅HBr. This reaction provided five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered carbocycles, nitrogenated heterocycles, as well as six‐membered oxygenated heterocycles leading to a brominated conjugate diene. These products showed high reactivity in the Diels–Alder, Suzuki, and Sonogashira reactions, giving complex chemical structures in only three steps from the corresponding acyclic keto‐alkyne. Hopefully, this strategy will pave the way towards the synthesis of bioactive natural products and new materials.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Double Annulation of Quinones: Step‐Economical Access to Valuable Bioactive Compounds
Authors: da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , de Carvalho Renato L. , Almeida Renata G. , Rosa Luisa G. , Fantuzzi Felipe , Rogge Torben , Costa Pedro M. S. , Pessoa Claudia , Jacob Claus , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDouble ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed alkyne annulations of quinones were accomplished. Thus, a strategy is reported that provides step‐economical access to valuable quinones with a wide range of applications. C−H/N−H activations for alkyne annulations of naphthoquinones provided challenging polycyclic quinoidal compounds by forming four new bonds in one step. The singular power of the thus‐obtained compounds was reflected by their antileukemic activity.
Mind the gap: Gendered publication trends in oncology
Authors: Dalal Nicole H. , Chino Fumiko , Williamson Hannah , Beasley Georgia M. , Salama April K. S. , Palta Manisha 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundInvestigating scientific publication trends in the field of oncology may highlight opportunities for improved representation, mentorship, collaboration, and advancement for women.MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric analysis of Annals of Surgical Oncology; Cancer; International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (IJROBP); JAMA Oncology; and Journal of Clinical Oncology in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017. Full name and degree credentials per author role (ie, first or senior author), article type, publication year, and citation metrics were collected. First names were used to identify author gender.ResultsAcross 9189 articles, female representation rose between 1990 and 2017 (first authors: 17.7% in 1990, 36.6% in 2017; senior authors: 11.7% in 1990, 28.5% in 2017). For the 50 most cited articles per year, women comprised a smaller percent of first (26.5%) and senior (19.9%) authors. The average citation count was higher for male first (44.8 per article) and senior (47.1) authors compared to female first (39.7) and senior (44.1) authors. With male senior authors, the first author was more likely male (71.4% male; 25.0% female); with female senior authors, first authors were 50.2% male and 47.6% female. IJROBP had the lowest total female representation among first (25.1%) and senior (16.7%) authors. Women had more MDs with Masters degrees, whereas men held more MDs only and more MDs with PhDs.ConclusionDespite positive trends, substantial gendered differences in oncology publications persist. Fostering more women in oncology research will benefit female representation at many levels of academia and improve productivity, collaboration, and recruitment, especially in technical fields such as radiation and surgical oncology.
Forty‐year trends in menopausal hormone therapy use and breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal black and white women
Authors: Chlebowski Rowan T. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Anderson Garnet L. , Prentice Ross L. 
Published: March 2020

After reports from the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial evaluating estrogen plus progestin, there was a sudden, substantial, and sustained decrease in all categories of menopausal hormone therapy, and the first reduction in age‐adjusted breast cancer incidence in more than 20 years was seen in 2003‐2004 among US women 50 years of age or older. Subsequent trends in breast cancer incidence have been described, but most reports have not focused on the postmenopausal age group or fully engaged the potential influence of reduced hormone therapy on breast cancer incidence trends by race/ethnicity. To address this gap, this commentary examines trends for annual age‐adjusted breast cancer incidence over a 40‐year period from 1975 to 2015 for white and black women on the basis of findings from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 registries. Overall, the sharp decline in breast cancer incidence seen in 2003‐2004 was followed in the subsequent decade by a continued low breast cancer incidence plateau in white women that has largely persisted. In contrast, a new discordance between breast cancer incidence trends in black and white women has emerged. In the 2005‐2015 decade, a sustained increase in breast cancer incidence in black women has resulted in annual incidence rates comparable, for the first time, to those in white women. This commentary explores the hypothesis that the over‐decade‐long and discordant changes in breast cancer incidence rates in postmenopausal black and white women are, to a large extent, associated with changes in hormone therapy use in these 2 groups.
Computational modeling of braided‐stent deployment for interpreting the mechanism of stent flattening
Authors: Shiozaki Shunya , Otani Tomohiro , Fujimura Soichiro , Takao Hiroyuki , Wada Shigeo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study develops a computational model of the braided stent for interpreting the mechanism of stent flattening during deployment into curved arteries. Stent wires are expressed using Kirchhoff's rod theory and their mechanical behavior is treated using a corotational beam formulation. The equation of motion of the braided stent is solved in a step‐by‐step manner using the resultant elastic force and mechanical interactions of wires with friction. Examples of braided‐stent deployment into idealized arteries with various curvatures are numerically simulated. In cases of low curvature, the braided stent expands from a catheter by releasing the bending energy stored in stent wires, while incomplete expansion is found at both stent ends (ie, the fish‐mouth phenomenon), where relatively little bending energy is stored. In cases of high curvature, much torsional energy is stored in stent wires locally in the midsection of the curvature and the bending energy for stent self‐expansion is not fully released even after deployment, leading to stent flattening. These findings suggest that the mechanical state of the braided stent and its transition during deployment play an important role in the underlying mechanism of stent flattening.Novelty StatementThis study developed a computational mechanical model of the braided stent for interpreting stent flattening, which is a critical issue observed during deployment into highly curved arteries. Mechanical behaviors of the stent wires are appropriately treated by corotational beam element formulation with considering multiple contacts. We conducted numerical examples of the stent deployment into curved arteries and found that the mechanical state of the braided stent during deployment associated with occurrences of the stent flattening. We believe this finding gives new insight into the mechanism of stent flattening and would advance the design of the stent and its deployment protocol.
A Silyl Ether Based Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Monitoring of Endogenous Peroxynitrite Concentration and Imaging in Living Cells through Multicolor Emission
Authors: Zhuo Jiezhen , Gong Ke , Guo Yuxin , Lu Gonghao , Chi Haijun , Duan Yajun , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Xue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe peroxynitrite ion (ONOO−) has important roles in many biological processes. We have developed a multicolor ONOO−‐sensing probe (SiONNOH) that undergoes deprotonation and desilylation processes, which result in several changes in the emission wavelengths. In response to different concentrations of ONOO−, the probe exhibits fluorescence changes from pink (595 nm at 2 eq. ONOO−) to green (540 nm at 6 eq. ONOO−) via orange (3 eq. ONOO−) and yellow (4 eq. ONOO−) under physiological conditions until no fluorescence signal is observed after ONOO− is completely eliminated by lipoic acid. The probe shows the high selectivity for ONOO− and the limit of detection is calculated to be 1.27 μM. Moreover, the probe shows the capacity to monitor the concentration ranges of ONOO− through multicolor fluorescence in living cells, which will greatly facilitate the rapid detection of ONOO− concentration ranges by the naked eye under a UV light without any precision instrumentation.
Recording of diagnoses in public primary oral health care in a retrospective longitudinal observational study in a Finnish town: Underrepresentation of periodontitis diagnoses
Authors: Kallio Jouko , Kauppila Timo , Suominen Lasse , Heikkinen Anna M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates which oral diagnoses public primary dental care dentists record.MethodsAn observational register‐based retrospective follow‐up study was performed in the public primary oral health care of a Finnish town after the dentists were advised to mark the diagnoses in their practices. The rate of recorded diagnoses resulting from visits to the public primary care dentists was studied. The assessed diagnoses were recorded with the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The distribution of diagnoses was recorded during a 2‐year follow‐up period.ResultsThe most frequent diagnosis groups were dental caries (K02, 38.6%), other diseases of dental hard tissues (K03, 14.9%), diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K04, 11.4%), periodontal diseases (K05, 9.7%), and different types of bone fractures (S02, 8.1%). Periodontitis was underrepresented.ConclusionsIn public primary oral health care, there may be difficulties in adequate recording of certain chronic diseases.
Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass
Authors: Liedel Clemens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSustainable sources of energy have been identified as a possible way out of today's oil dependency and are being rapidly developed. In contrast, storage of energy to a large extent still relies on heavy metals in batteries. Especially when built from biomass‐derived organics, organic batteries are promising alternatives and pave the way towards truly sustainable energy storage. First described in 2008, research on biomass‐derived electrodes has been taken up by a multitude of researchers worldwide. Nowadays, in principle, electrodes in batteries could be composed of all kinds of carbonized and noncarbonized biomass: On one hand, all kinds of (waste) biomass may be carbonized and used in anodes of lithium‐ or sodium‐ion batteries, cathodes in metal–sulfur or metal–oxygen batteries, or as conductive additives. On the other hand, a plethora of biomolecules, such as quinones, flavins, or carboxylates, contain redox‐active groups that can be used as redox‐active components in electrodes with very little chemical modification. Biomass‐based binders can replace toxic halogenated commercial binders to enable a truly sustainable future of energy storage devices. Besides the electrodes, electrolytes and separators may also be synthesized from biomass. In this Review, recent research progress in this rapidly emerging field is summarized with a focus on potentially fully biowaste‐derived batteries.
Survey on vehicular ad hoc networks clustering algorithms: Overview, taxonomy, challenges, and open research issues
Authors: Senouci Oussama , Harous Saad , Aliouat Zibouda 
Published: March 2020

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their wide range of applications. However, there are several challenges, such as mobility, routing, scalability, quality of services, and security. Clustering is an important control mechanism in high‐mobility networks and has been verified to be a promising approach in VANETs as well, as it ensures a basic level of network performance. Accordingly, several clustering algorithms have been proposed for these networks, and different protocols typically focus on various performance metrics. In this study, we provide a thorough review of clustering algorithms in VANETs. First, we present background material regarding the clustering process. Secondly, we propose a new taxonomy that categorizes clustering algorithms in VANETs based on different design aspects and provides a description of the algorithms in each category. Thirdly, an analysis of the algorithms in each category is provided according to various comparison metrics. Fourthly, we highlight the main challenges for each category and discuss some open research issues. Finally, we provide a general comparison of different clustering algorithms according to selected key parameters. Thus, this study provides a more thorough understanding of VANET clustering algorithms and the research trends in this area.