bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holographic boiling and generalized thermodynamic description beyond local equilibrium
Authors: Li Xin , Nie Zhang-Yu , Tian Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tuning a very simple two-component holographic superfluid model, we can have a first order phase transition between two superfluid phases in the probe limit. In- spired by the potential landscape discussion, an intuitive physical picture for systems with first order phase transitions is provided. We stress that holography perfectly offers a generalized thermodynamic description of certain strongly coupled systems even out of local equilibrium, which enables us to carefully study domain wall structures of the system under first order phase transitions, either static or in real time dynamics. We numerically construct the 1D domain wall configuration and compute the surface tension of the domain wall from its generalized grand potential. We also numerically simulate the real time dynamics of a 2D bubble nucleation process (holographic boiling). The surface tension of the 1D domain wall nicely matches the final state of the 2D bubble nucleation process when the bubble radius is large enough.
M-theory and orientifolds
Authors: Braun Andreas P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe construct the M-Theory lifts of type IIA orientifolds based on K3-fibred Calabi-Yau threefolds with compatible involutions. Such orientifolds are shown to lift to M-Theory on twisted connected sumG2manifolds. Beautifully, the two building blocks forming theG2manifold correspond to the open and closed string sectors. As an application, we show how to use such lifts to explicitly study open string moduli. Finally, we use our analysis to construct examples ofG2manifolds with different inequivalent TCS realizations.
Wie viele Personen lassen sich in Deutschland im niedergelassenen Bereich auf HIV testen?
Authors: Hofmann Alexandra , Bätzing Jörg , Marcus Ulrich , Bremer Viviane , Bartmeyer Barbara 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anzahl der in Deutschland auf HIV getesteten Personen ist schwer zu ermitteln. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind HIV-Tests Leistung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV). Ziel dieser Analyse war die Untersuchung des Testumfangs in der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung.

Methoden
Vertragsärztliche Abrechnungsdaten des Zentralinstituts für die kassenärztliche Versorgung (Zi) wurden hinsichtlich HIV-Such- und -Bestätigungstests der Jahre 2010–2015 analysiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv; zeitliche Trends wurden mit linearen Regressionen überprüft. Die Anzahl der Bestätigungstests wurde mit den an das Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) gemeldeten HIV-Neudiagnosen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Im Jahresdurchschnitt wurden 1,7 % der GKV-Versicherten auf HIV getestet. Der Suchtestumfang stieg im Zeitverlauf an. Durchschnittlich 82,5 % der Untersuchten waren Frauen, von denen 81,2 % während der Schwangerschaft getestet wurden. Bestätigungstests wurden im Gesamtzeitraum bei 16.034 Versicherten durchgeführt (durchschnittlich 0,3 % der Versicherten mit Suchtest), darunter im Durchschnitt 51,2 % Männer. Im selben Zeitraum wurden 18.446 HIV-Neudiagnosen (davon 82,8 % Männer) ans RKI gemeldet.

Schlussfolgerung
Erstmalig wurde die Personenzahl mit HIV-Test im Bereich der GKV bestimmt. Die hohe Suchtestzahl bei Frauen ist auf Tests in der Schwangerschaft zurückzuführen. Aus der im Vergleich zu den gemeldeten HIV-Neudiagnosen geringeren Zahl von abgerechneten Bestätigungstests kann geschlossen werden, dass in unbekanntem Umfang in anderen Testeinrichtungen und nicht über die GKV auf HIV getestet und diagnostiziert wurde.
Radiologische Manifestationen von Lungenerkrankungen bei COVID-19
Authors: Heidinger Benedikt H. , Kifjak Daria , Prayer Florian , Beer Lucian , Milos Ruxandra-Iulia , Röhrich Sebastian , Arndt Hanka , Prosch Helmut 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Seit dem Auftreten des neuartigen Coronavirus Ende 2019 und der damit verbundenen Erkrankung – Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – kam es zum Ausrufen einer Pandemie durch die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). Der Referenzstandard für die Diagnose ist der Virusnachweis mittels „reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction“ (RT-PCR). Bei hoher Spezifizität ist die Sensitivität der RT-PCR jedoch stark abhängig von der Symptomdauer, der Viruslast, der Qualität der Probe sowie des verwendeten Tests.

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Im Rahmen von COVID-19 werden primär Thoraxröntgen und Thorax-Computertomographie(CT) zur Erkennung von Lungenmanifestationen bzw. deren Ausdehnung und von Komplikationen eingesetzt.

Leistungsfähigkeit
Die Sensitivität und Spezifizität des Thoraxröntgens bei COVID-19 ist gering. Die Thorax-CT weist eine hohe Sensitivität von ungefähr 90 % bei jedoch geringer Spezifizität auf (zwischen 25 und 33 %).

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Die Indikation für die Durchführung von Bildgebung im Rahmen von COVID-19 sollte immer mit Bedacht gestellt werden, um das Übertragungsrisiko für medizinisches Personal und andere Patienten zu minimieren. Die Bildgebung ist vor allem hilfreich zur Evaluierung des Ausmaßes der Lungenbeteiligung der Erkrankung, zur Abgrenzung von Komplikationen und Differenzialdiagnosen. Typischerweise zeigen sich bilaterale, subpleurale Milchglasverdichtungen mit oder ohne Konsolidierungsareale. Im Verlauf können auch Veränderungen einer organisierenden Pneumonie beobachtet werden. Bei Untersuchungen nach Genesung einer COVID-19-Pneumonie ist auf fibrotische Lungenveränderungen zu achten.
Optimal consumption and portfolio choice with ambiguous interest rates and volatility
Authors: Lin Qian , Riedel Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study continuous-time consumption and portfolio choice in the presence of Knightian uncertainty about interest rates. We develop the stochastic model that involves singular priors and analyze optimal behavior. When there is sufficiently large uncertainty about interest rates, the agent invests in the asset market only and abstains from the bond market.
A phase 2a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on clinical trial of ebselen (SPI-1005) as a novel treatment for mania or hypomania
Authors: Sharpley Ann L , Williams Clare , Holder Adele A , Godlewska Beata R , Singh Nisha , Shanyinde Milensu , MacDonald Orla , Cowen Philip J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Lithium is an effective prophylactic and anti-manic treatment in bipolar disorder; however, its use is declining through perceived poor tolerance and toxicity. Lithium inhibits inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), a probable key therapeutic mechanism. The anti-inflammatory drug, ebselen, also inhibits IMPase and appears well-tolerated and safe.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of adjunctive ebselen in mania using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (primary outcome) and the Altman Self-Rating Mania (ASRM) Scale and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) among the secondary outcomes.

Methods
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted between October 2017 and June 2019, at Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust. Pharmacy-controlled randomisation was computer-generated, with full allocation concealment. In/outpatients (n = 68) aged 18–70, experiencing mania or hypomania, were assigned to 3 weeks ebselen (600 mg bd) (n = 33) or placebo (n = 35). Participants received usual clinical care and psychotropic medication.

Results
Ebselen was numerically, but not statistically, superior to placebo in lowering scores on the YMRS (adjusted mean difference and 95% confidence interval, − 1.71 (− 5.34 to 1.91), p = 0.35) and ASRM (− 1.36 (− 3.75 to 1.17), p = 0.29). However, scores on the CGI-S were significantly lower at week 3 in ebselen-treated participants (adjusted mean difference, − 0.58 (− 1.14 to − 0.03), p = 0.04). A post hoc analysis excluding patients taking concomitant valproate treatment magnified the difference between ebselen and placebo on the YMRS. Adverse events were comparable between groups, and mild.

Conclusions
Ebselen merits further investigation where concomitant psychotropic medication is better controlled and participants taking valproate are excluded. If effective, ebselen’s superior tolerance and safety could make it a useful alternative to lithium.

Trial registration
Trial Registry: www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03013400.
Decision-Support Tools Used in the Baltic Sea Area: Performance and End-User Preferences
Authors: Nygård Henrik , van Beest Floris M. , Bergqvist Lisa , Carstensen Jacob , Gustafsson Bo G. , Hasler Berit , Schumacher Johanna , Schernewski Gerald , Sokolov Alexander , Zandersen Marianne , Fleming Vivi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecision-support tools (DSTs) synthesize complex information to assist environmental managers in the decision-making process. Here, we review DSTs applied in the Baltic Sea area, to investigate how well the ecosystem approach is reflected in them, how different environmental problems are covered, and how well the tools meet the needs of the end users. The DSTs were evaluated based on (i) a set of performance criteria, (ii) information on end user preferences, (iii) how end users had been involved in tool development, and (iv) what experiences developers/hosts had on the use of the tools. We found that DSTs frequently addressed management needs related to eutrophication, biodiversity loss, or contaminant pollution. The majority of the DSTs addressed human activities, their pressures, or environmental status changes, but they seldom provided solutions for a complete ecosystem approach. In general, the DSTs were scientifically documented and transparent, but confidence in the outputs was poorly communicated. End user preferences were, apart from the shortcomings in communicating uncertainty, well accounted for in the DSTs. Although end users were commonly consulted during the DST development phase, they were not usually part of the development team. Answers from developers/hosts indicate that DSTs are not applied to their full potential. Deeper involvement of end users in the development phase could potentially increase the value and impact of DSTs. As a way forward, we propose streamlining the outputs of specific DSTs, so that they can be combined to a holistic insight of the consequences of management actions and serve the ecosystem approach in a better manner.
Early Post‐Operative Pancreatitis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Assessed by Serum Lipase and IL‐6 Predict Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Gasteiger S. , Primavesi F. , Göbel G. , Braunwarth E. , Cardini B. , Maglione M. , Sopper S. , Öfner D. , Stättner S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a critical complication after pancreatic resection. This prospective pilot study evaluates perioperative markers of pancreatitis and systemic inflammation to predict clinically relevant grade B/C‐POPF (CR‐POPF).MethodsAll patients undergoing pancreatic resection from December 2017 to April 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Surgical procedures and outcomes were correlated with perioperative blood markers. ROC analysis was performed to assess their predictive value for CR‐POPF. Cut‐offs were calculated with the Youden index.ResultsIn total, 70 patients were analysed (43 pancreatoduodenectomies and 27 distal pancreatectomies). In‐hospital/90‐d mortality and morbidity were 5.7/7.1% (n = 4/n = 5) and 75.7% (n = 53). Major complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3a) occurred in 28 (40.0%) patients, CR‐POPF in 20 (28.6%) patients. Serum lipase (cut‐off > 51U/L) and IL‐6 (> 56.5 ng/l) on POD3 were significant predictors for CR‐POPF (AUC = 0.799, 95%‐CI 0.686–0.912 and AUC = 0.784, 95%‐CI 0.668–0.900; combined AUC = 0.858, 95%‐CI 0.758–0.958; all p < 0.001). Patients with both or one factor(s) above cut‐off more frequently developed CR‐POPF than cases without (100 vs. 50% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001). This also applied for overall and severe complications (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009).ConclusionsPost‐operative pancreatitis and inflammatory response are major determinants for development of POPF. A combination of serum lipase and IL‐6 on POD3 is a highly significant early predictor of CR‐POPF and overall complications, potentially guiding patient management.Clinical trial registrationThe study protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04294797)
Limiting homologous recombination at stalled replication forks is essential for cell viability: DNA2 to the rescue
Authors: Appanah Rowin , Jones David , Falquet Benoît , Rass Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe disease-associated nuclease–helicase DNA2 has been implicated in DNA end-resection during DNA double-strand break repair, Okazaki fragment processing, and the recovery of stalled DNA replication forks (RFs). Its role in Okazaki fragment processing has been proposed to explain why DNA2 is indispensable for cell survival across organisms. Unexpectedly, we found that DNA2 has an essential role in suppressing homologous recombination (HR)-dependent replication restart at stalled RFs. In the absence of DNA2-mediated RF recovery, excessive HR-restart of stalled RFs results in toxic levels of abortive recombination intermediates that lead to DNA damage-checkpoint activation and terminal cell-cycle arrest. While HR proteins protect and restart stalled RFs to promote faithful genome replication, these findings show how HR-dependent replication restart is actively constrained by DNA2 to ensure cell survival. These new insights disambiguate the effects of DNA2 dysfunction on cell survival, and provide a framework to rationalize the association of DNA2 with cancer and the primordial dwarfism disorder Seckel syndrome based on its role in RF recovery.
On Colorful Edge Triples in Edge-Colored Complete Graphs
Authors: Simonyi Gábor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn edge-coloring of the complete graph $$K_n$$

K
n

we call F-caring if it leaves no F-subgraph of $$K_n$$

K
n

monochromatic and at the same time every subset of |V(F)| vertices contains in it at least one completely multicolored version of F. For the first two meaningful cases, when $$F=K_{1,3}$$

F
=

K

1
,
3

and $$F=P_4$$

F
=

P
4

we determine for infinitely many n the minimum number of colors needed for an F-caring edge-coloring of $$K_n$$

K
n

. An explicit family of $$2\lceil \log _2 n\rceil $$

2
⌈

log
2

n
⌉

3-edge-colorings of $$K_n$$

K
n

so that every quadruple of its vertices contains a totally multicolored $$P_4$$

P
4

in at least one of them is also presented. Investigating related Ramsey-type problems we also show that the Shannon (OR-)capacity of the Grötzsch graph is strictly larger than that of the cycle of length 5.
Bias correction of temperature and precipitation over China for RCM simulations using the QM and QDM methods
Authors: Tong Yao , Gao Xuejie , Han Zhenyu , Xu Yaqi , Xu Ying , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo different bias correction methods, the quantile mapping (QM) and quantile delta mapping (QDM), are applied to simulated daily temperature and precipitation over China from a set of 21st century regional climate model (the ICTP RegCM4) projections. The RegCM4 is driven by five different general circulation models (GCMs) under the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 at a grid spacing of 25 km using the CORDEX East Asia domain. The focus is on mean temperature and precipitation in December–January–February (DJF) and June–July–August (JJA). The impacts of the two methods on the present day biases and future change signals are investigated. Results show that both the QM and QDM methods are effective in removing the systematic model biases during the validation period. For the future changes, the QDM preserves the temperature change signals well, in both magnitude and spatial distribution, while the QM artificially modifies the change signal by decreasing the warming and modifying the patterns of change. For precipitation, both methods preserve the change signals well but they produce greater magnitude of the projected increase, especially the QDM. We also show that the effects of bias correction are variable- and season-dependent. Our results show that different bias correction methods can affect in different way the simulated change signals, and therefore care has to be taken in carrying out the bias correction process.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Yuan Bo , Wang Yun , Li Mingyang , Liu Xibo , Cao Jing , Li Changtian , Hu Jihong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically evaluate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang, and CNKI) were searched through May 2020. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS), and meta-analysis was carried out by using the Review Manager 5.3 software on the studies with the quality evaluation scores ≥ 6. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine the independent role of PD-L1 expression on CRC prognosis after adjusting clinicopathological features and treatment methods.

Results
A total of 8823 CRC patients in 32 eligible studies. PD-L1 expression was correlated with lymphatic metastasis (yes/no; OR = 1.24, 95% CI (1.11, 1.38)), diameter of tumor (≥ 5 cm/< 5 cm; OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.06, 1.70)), differentiation (high–middle/low; OR = 0.68, 95% CI (0.53, 0.87)), and vascular invasion (yes/no; OR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.69, 0.92)). PD-L1 expression shortened the overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.93, 95% CI (1.66, 2.25)), disease-free survival (HR = 1.76, 95% CI (1.50, 2.07)), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.55, 2.41)). Meta-regression showed that PD-L1 expression played a significant role on poor CRC OS (HR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.92, 3.98)) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.14, 95% CI (0.73, 4.52)).

Conclusion
PD-L1 expression independently predicted a poor prognosis of CRC.
Vinyl ethers and epoxides photoinduced copolymerization with perfluoropolyalkylether monomers
Authors: Trusiano Giuseppe , Vitale Alessandra , Bonneaud Céline , Pugliese Diego , Dalle Vacche Sara , Joly-Duhamel Christine , Friesen Chadron M. , Bongiovanni Roberta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) monomers, chain extended with different alkyl groups and functionalized with vinyl ether or epoxide end-groups, were employed, together with trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether or trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, to produce fluorinated copolymers. The photoinduced cationic polymerization was investigated, and the PFPAE-based copolymer properties were thoroughly characterized. Interesting surface properties and two different values of refractive index were observed: thus, these fluorinated copolymers can be suitable materials for the manufacture of self-cleaning coatings and optical waveguides.
First prospective outcome data for the second-generation multigene test Endopredict in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ettl Johannes , Anders Sophie-Isabelle , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Paepke Stefan , Noske Aurelia , Weichert Wilko , Klein Evelyn , Kiechle Marion 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prospectively collected outcome data of patients (pts) whose adjuvant systemic therapy recommendation was based on the clinico-molecular test EndoPredict® (EP) are presented.

Methods
Pts with ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer with 0–3 positive lymph nodes were enrolled. The EP was carried out on all tumor samples. Pts were evaluated for treatment compliance, local recurrence, distant metastases and overall survival. Censored time-to-event outcomes were analysed by Cox proportional hazards models. Additional estimates of the event-free-survival were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Hypothesis testing was conducted on two-sided exploratory 5% significance levels.

Results
373 consecutive pts were enrolled. EP classified 238 pts (63.8%) as low risk and 135 pts (36.2%) as high risk. Median follow-up was 41.6 months. Risk for disease recurrence or death in EPclin high-risk patients was twofold higher in comparison with EPclin low-risk patients (hazard ratio (HR) 2.05 (95% CI 0.85–4.96; p = 0.110). Patients with EPclin high risk were at significant higher risk of distant metastases than patients with EPclin low risk (HR 5.18; 95% CI 1.04–25.74; p = 0.0443). EPclin high-risk patients who actually underwent adjuvant CTX had a 3-year-DFS of 96.3% (95% CI 92.2–100) in contrast to EPclin high-risk patients without CTX (3-year-DFS: 91.5% (95% CI 82.7–100%); HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.10–1.05; p = 0.061).

Conclusion
These first prospective outcome results show that EP, in clinical routine, is a valid clinico-molecular test, to predict DFS and to guide decision of adjuvant CTX use in ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer pts with 0–3 positive lymph nodes. Adjuvant CTX seems to be beneficial for EPclin high-risk patients.
CANVAS: a late onset ataxia due to biallelic intronic AAGGG expansions
Authors: Dominik Natalia , Galassi Deforie Valentina , Cortese Andrea , Houlden Henry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ataxias are a group of disorders that manifest with balance, movement, speech and visual problems. They can arise due to dysfunction of the cerebellum, the vestibular system and/or the sensory neurons. Genetic defects are a common cause of chronic ataxia, particularly common are repeat expansions in this group of conditions. Co-occurrence of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome has been termed CANVAS. Although CANVAS is a rare syndrome, on discovery of biallelic expansions in the second intron of replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) gene, we and others have found the phenotype is broad and RFC1 expansions are a common cause of late-onset progressive ataxia.We aim to provide a review and update on recent developments in CANVAS and populations, where the disorder has been reported. We have also optimised a protocol for RFC1 expansion screening which is described herein and expanded phenotype after analysing late-onset ataxia patients from around the world.
Run up simulation of a full-floating ring supported Jeffcott-rotor considering two-phase flow cavitation
Authors: Ziese Christian , Nitzschke Steffen , Woschke Elmar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrodynamic bearings are commonly used to support fast rotating rotors. Due to their nonlinear bearing properties, they strongly influence the rotor response behaviour, which can be observed by the occurrence of sub-harmonic oscillations. The appearance of sub-synchronous vibrations depends on the operating bearing conditions, which are determined by the kinematics of bearing partners, the thermodynamic processes and especially the occurrence of cavitation. In this contribution, the rotor response behaviour of a full-floating ring supported Jeffcott-rotor is investigated under the consideration of lubricant film cavitation. The two-phase model is applied as a mass-conserving cavitation theory and compared with the assumptions of Half-Sommerfeld.