bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice-Hearing and Personification: Characterizing Social Qualities of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Early Psychosis
Authors: Alderson-Day Ben , Woods Angela , Moseley Peter , Common Stephanie , Deamer Felicity , Dodgson Guy , Fernyhough Charles 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recent therapeutic approaches to auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) exploit the person-like qualities of voices. Little is known, however, about how, why, and when AVH become personified. We aimed to investigate personification in individuals’ early voice-hearing experiences. We invited Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) service users aged 16–65 to participate in a semistructured interview on AVH phenomenology. Forty voice-hearers (M = 114.13 days in EIP) were recruited through 2 National Health Service trusts in northern England. We used content and thematic analysis to code the interviews and then statistically examined key associations with personification. Some participants had heard voices intermittently for multiple years prior to clinical involvement (M = 74.38 months), although distressing voice onset was typically more recent (median = 12 months). Participants reported a range of negative emotions (predominantly fear, 60%, 24/40, and anxiety, 62.5%, 26/40), visual hallucinations (75%, 30/40), bodily states (65%, 25/40), and “felt presences” (52.5%, 21/40) in relation to voices. Complex personification, reported by a sizeable minority (16/40, 40%), was associated with experiencing voices as conversational (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56) and companionable (OR = 3.19) but not as commanding or trauma-related. Neither age of AVH onset nor time since onset related to personification. Our findings highlight significant personification of AVH even at first clinical presentation. Personified voices appear to be distinguished less by their intrinsic properties, commanding qualities, or connection with trauma than by their affordances for conversation and companionship.
BEAMS: a workforce development program to bridge the gap between biologists and material scientists
Authors: Lee Marilyn S , Lux Matthew W , DeCoste Jared B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To maximize innovation in materials science and synthetic biology, it is critical to master interdisciplinary understanding and communication within an organization. Programming aimed at this juncture has the potential to bring members of the workforce together to frame new networks and spark collaboration. In this article, we recognize the potential synergy between materials and synthetic biology research and describe our approach to this challenge as a case study. A workforce development program was devised consisting of a lecture series, laboratory demonstrations and a hands-on laboratory competition to produce a bacterial cellulose material with the highest tensile strength. This program, combined with support for infrastructure and research, resulted in a significant return on investment with new externally funded synthetic biology for materials programs for our organization. The learning elements described here may be adapted by other institutions for a variety of settings and goals.
Blood parameters of wistar albino rats fed processed tropical sickle pod (Senna obtusifolia) leaf meal-based diets
Authors: Augustine Clement , Khobe Dishi , Babakiri Yahaya , Igwebuike Joseph U , Joel Isa , John Tiva , Ibrahim Asabe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted for 28 d to evaluate the effects of feeding albino rats with processed Senna obtusifolia leaf meal (SOLM) based diets. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% and 20% each of the sun-dried, boiled, fresh fermented, and boiled and fermented SOLM-based diets designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. A total of 90 young albino rats with initial weight of 13.52–14.48 g were randomly allocated to the dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates of six rats each. The hematological parameters revealed nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.05) difference except for the rats fed the sun-dried SOLM-based diet, which had the lowest packed cell volume (34%), red blood cell (5.32 × 106/µ/L), and hemoglobin (13.67 g/dL). The hematological values recorded were, however, within the normal reference ranges. The biochemical indices were also not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different. The total protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin recorded were within the ranges of 71.50–77.73 g/L, 1.03–1.23 mg/dL, 20.67–24.37 µ/L, and 10.13–11.67 µ/L, respectively. It was concluded that the different processed SOLM-based diets had no adverse effects on the blood parameters of the albino rats and are, therefore, recommended for feeding albino rats.
The Impact of 6 and 12 Months in Space on Human Brain Structure and Intracranial Fluid Shifts
Authors: Hupfeld Kathleen E , McGregor Heather R , Lee Jessica K , Beltran Nichole E , Kofman Igor S , De Dios Yiri E , Reuter-Lorenz Patti A , Riascos Roy F , Pasternak Ofer , Wood Scott J , Bloomberg Jacob J , Mulavara Ajitkumar P , Seidler Rachael D ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As plans develop for Mars missions, it is important to understand how long-duration spaceflight impacts brain health. Here we report how 12-month (n = 2 astronauts) versus 6-month (n = 10 astronauts) missions impact brain structure and fluid shifts. We collected MRI scans once before flight and four times after flight. Astronauts served as their own controls; we evaluated pre- to postflight changes and return toward preflight levels across the 4 postflight points. We also provide data to illustrate typical brain changes over 7 years in a reference dataset. Twelve months in space generally resulted in larger changes across multiple brain areas compared with 6-month missions and aging, particularly for fluid shifts. The majority of changes returned to preflight levels by 6 months after flight. Ventricular volume substantially increased for 1 of the 12-month astronauts (left: +25%, right: +23%) and the 6-month astronauts (left: 17 ± 12%, right: 24 ± 6%) and exhibited little recovery at 6 months. Several changes correlated with past flight experience; those with less time between subsequent missions had larger preflight ventricles and smaller ventricular volume increases with flight. This suggests that spaceflight-induced ventricular changes may endure for long periods after flight. These results provide insight into brain changes that occur with long-duration spaceflight and demonstrate the need for closer study of fluid shifts.
Clostridium difficile infection after antibiotic use
Authors: Brown Heather L. , Erickson Gerald A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Every day, patients are prescribed antibiotics to treat infections, and some of these patients will subsequently develop a superinfection with Clostridium difficile. Although the use of antibiotics is a necessary part of modern medical care, clinicians must be judicious with their use and choice of antibiotics to prevent consequences for patients whenever possible.
Sleep Characteristics in Adults With and Without Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Abeler Karin , Friborg Oddgeir , Engstrøm Morten , Sand Trond , Bergvik Svein 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Sleep disturbance is associated with persistence and exacerbation of chronic pain. As this relationship seems to be bidirectional, factors underpinning sleep disturbance may prove important in multimodal rehabilitation approaches. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of psychological symptoms on subjective and objective sleep measures in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), as compared with pain-free controls.

Materials and Methods:
Sleep was assessed by self-report questionnaires, actigraphy, and polysomnography recordings in 56 patients (75.0% female; M
age=41.7 y, SD=10.8 y) with CMP and compared with 53 matched pain-free controls (71.7% female; M
age=41.8 y, SD=10.7). Mental distress (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist [HSCL]) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were tested as predictors of objective and subjective sleep measures in multiple regression models, and their indirect effects were tested in bootstrapped mediation models.

Results:
The sleep data revealed substantially more subjective sleep disturbance (Hedge g: 1.32 to 1.47, P<0.001), moderately worse sleep efficiency in the actigraphy measures (Hedges g: 0.5 to 0.6, P<0.01), and less polysomnography measured slow wave sleep (Hedges g: 0.43, P<0.05) in patients, as compared with controls. HSCL was strongly associated with the self-reported measures Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). HSCL also partially explained the association between pain and sleep, but HSCL was not associated with any of the objective sleep measures. More pain catastrophizing was related to less slow wave sleep.

Discussion:
The differences in subjective and objective sleep measures indicate that they probe different aspects of sleep functioning in patients with musculoskeletal pain, and their combined application may be valuable in clinical practice. Self-reported sleep disturbance seems to overlap with affective dimensions reflected by the HSCL questionnaire.
Effect of temperature maintenance by forced-air warming blankets of different temperatures on changes in inflammatory factors in children undergoing congenital hip dislocation surgery
Authors: He Li-Ping , Liu Pei-Zhen , Wen Yuan-Ming , Wu Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypothermia is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, and thus, it is important to find an effective and safe method for preventing peri-operative hypothermia and its associated adverse outcomes in pediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forced-air warming blankets with different temperatures on changes in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 levels in children undergoing surgical treatment for developmental displacement of the hip (DDH).

Methods
The study included 123 children undergoing surgery for DDH under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, using a random number table: the 32, 38, and 43°C groups according to the temperature setting of the forced-air warming blankets. For each patient, body temperature was recorded immediately after anesthesia induction and intubation (T0), at initial incision (T1), at 1 h after incision (T2), at 2 h after incision (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), immediately upon return to the ward after surgery (T5), and then at 12 h (T6), 24 h (T7), 36 h (T8), and 48 h (T9) after the surgery. The serum levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were measured at T0 and T4 for all groups.

Results
The number of patients with fever in the 38°C group was significantly less than those in the 32 and 43°C groups (χ
2 = 6.630, P = 0.036). At T0, the body temperatures in the 38 and 43°C groups were significantly higher than that in the 32°C group (F = 17.992, P < 0.001). At T2, the body temperature was significantly higher in the 43°C group than those in the 32 and 38°C groups (F = 12.776, P < 0.001). Moreover, at T4, the serum levels of TGF-β (F = 3286.548, P
< 0.001) and IL-10 (F = 4628.983, P
< 0.001) were significantly increased in the 38°C group, and the serum levels of TNF-α (F = 911.415, P
< 0.001) and IL-1β (F = 322.191, P
< 0.001) were significantly decreased in the 38°C group, compared with the levels in the 32 and 43°C groups.

Conclusion
Force-air warming blankets set at 38°C maintained stable body temperature with less adverse outcome and effectively inhibited the inflammatory response in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for DDH.

Clinical trial registration
ChiCTR1800014820; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25240.
Global lung cancer mortality trends and lifestyle modifications: preliminary analysis
Authors: Khaltaev Nikolai , Axelrod Svetlana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
According to the Independent High-level Commission on Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) of the World Health Organization (WHO), global reduction in lung cancer mortality has been achieved since the year 2000, although this effect is not sufficient to reach the 30% reduction of mortality from NCDs by the year 2030, as stipulated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the lifestyle changes implemented by the WHO at country level could have an impact on mortality from this form of cancer.

Methods:
WHO statistics, based on the unified mortality and causes-of-death reports of Member-State countries, were used to evaluate global lung cancer mortality trends and make comparisons and assessments of different types of community-based, country-wide interventions.

Results:
The lung cancer mortality decline was associated with the anti-tobacco campaign initiated by the WHO in the last 15 to 20 years. Comprehensive tobacco control remained the major and most successful lifestyle modification measure. In countries with declining lung cancer mortality, 91% of countries had decreasing tobacco prevalence in males and 82% in females. Country- wide measures to increase physical activity had a strong tendency to be better implemented in countries with declining lung cancer mortality (t = 1.79, P > 0.05). Other WHO “best-buy” lifestyle modification campaigns (diet and alcohol) had been carried out for shorter periods, and their associations with lung cancer were less strong than tobacco. There was no significant difference between countries with declining and increasing lung cancer mortality in the measures for reduction of harmful alcohol use (t = 0.92, P > 0.05) and unhealthy diet reduction measures (t = 0.84, P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Following WHO “best-buys” should facilitate to move countries towards the NCD including lung cancer mortality reduction targets. Governments and communities must embrace these targets with coordinated effective action for better health.
A Novel Mobile Application for Preoperative and Intraoperative Assessments of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation for Keratoconus
Authors: Fernandes Dias Francisco Aecio , Fernandes Dias Vinicius Jose , Carneiro Carolina Lyra Barreira , Bernardes Bianca Gomes , Dutra Barbara de Araujo Lima , Crispim Ribeiro Joao 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To develop a mobile app that allows photographs to be captured and edited under the overlay of images and projection of a protractor with 360 degrees axis markings, which enables the surgeon to accurately visualize the programmed and marked alignment where the intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) will be implanted, detecting possible marking errors.

Methods:
A codesign methodology was chosen to develop the Eye Axis Check application. After app development, measurements were obtained, and comparisons were made between manual marks and ICRS alignment with and without the app in 13 eyes that had undergone ICRS implantation for keratoconus. The mobile app was made available to 15 ophthalmic surgeons in different cities to assess its usability.

Results:
The users approved the developed application for ease of use and utility. No difference was found between the markings made manually and those made with the app, and the mean difference between ICRS centralization and assessment made by the app was 4.84 degrees (95% confidence interval: −5.32 to 15.01; P = 0.3193). On comparison of the agreement between app measurements and manual measurements for the ICRS centration, no significant differences were found, and excellent concordance (0.991) and a strong positive linear correlation (0.984) were observed.

Conclusions:
A mobile app for preoperative planning and intraoperative ICRS alignment was developed and revealed to be useful and easy to use, allowing the surgeon to visualize the programmed alignment where the ICRS will be implanted.
Daily pain catastrophizing predicts less physical activity and more sedentary behavior in older adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhaoyang Ruixue , Martire Lynn M. , Darnall Beth D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders such as knee osteoarthritis (OA) are the primary cause of chronic pain in older adults. Recommended self-management strategies for knee OA include staying physically active in the face of pain, but many patients avoid activities they are capable of doing. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which daily pain catastrophizing, a maladaptive coping strategy, could influence OA patients' physical activity and sedentary behavior. The current study used data from 143 older knee OA patients who completed electronic daily diaries for 22 days and wore an accelerometer to capture physical activity and sedentary behavior. At the beginning of each day, patients reported their pain catastrophizing regarding the day ahead. Results from multilevel models demonstrated that on mornings when patients catastrophized more than usual about their pain in the day ahead, they spent more time in sedentary behavior and engaged in fewer minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity that day. Cross-day lagged analyses further showed that the effect of morning pain catastrophizing on subsequent sedentary behavior extended to the next day. More time spent in sedentary behavior, in turn, contributed to greater pain catastrophizing the next morning. These findings support the mechanistic role of daily pain catastrophizing in the avoidance of physical activity for older OA patients, and suggest that effective interventions for pain catastrophizing may also reduce sedentary behavior and enhance physical activity, with longer-term benefits for pain management, physical function, and overall health.
Assessing Cochlear Implant Insertion Angle From an Intraoperative X-ray Using a Rotating 3D Helical Scala Tympani Model
Authors: Giardina Christopher K. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Fitzpatrick Douglas C. , Hodge Sarah E. , Baker Jenna , O’Connell Brendan P. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Angular insertion depth (AID) of the electrode array provides valuable information regarding intracochlear positioning, which can be used to predict outcomes and optimize performance. While computed tomography (CT) offers high-resolution imaging, there is a need to develop technology to accurately determine AID from intraoperative x-rays acquired at unknown angles.

Methods:
An algorithm was developed using a three-dimensional model of the scala tympani to estimate AID from an x-ray acquired at an unknown angle. The model is manipulated over the x-ray until the projection angle is inferred and the location of the round window and individual electrode contacts are identified. Validation of the algorithm involved 1) assessing accuracy with deviation from cochlear view by comparing AID determined with simulated x-rays to those determined with CT in a temporal bone model, and 2) assessing reproducibility in the clinical setting, by comparing intra- and inter-rater reliability with intraoperative x-ray in cochlear implant (CI) recipients, which were subsequently compared to AID determined with postoperative CT.

Results:
Estimates of AID from x-rays were generally within 10 degrees of CT regardless of deviation from cochlear view. Excluding two outliers with poor imaging quality, the intraclass correlation coefficients for intra- and inter-rater reliability were excellent (0.991 and 0.980, respectively).

Conclusion:
With intraoperative x-rays of sufficient quality, the helical scala tympani model can be used to accurately and reliably determine AID without the need to specify a preferred image angle. The application can therefore be used in most CI recipients when a postoperative CT is not available.
Nimodipine and Steroid Combination Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Han Jae Joon , Jung Jae Yeup , Park Kye Hoon , Lee Ho Yun , Lee Byung Don , Choi Seong Jun , Lee Chi Kyou 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the treatment outcomes of nimodipine and steroid combination therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Seventy-eight patients who were diagnosed with ISSNHL were divided into two group based on the treatment strategies used: steroid+nimodipine (SN, n = 36) and steroid only (SO, n = 42) groups. Based on the level of hearing loss before treatment, subgroup analysis (<90 dB HL, SN-S versus SO-S groups; ≥90 dB HL, SN-P versus SO-P groups) was performed.

Interventions:
Nimodipine+dexamethasone versus dexamethasone alone.

Main Outcome Measures:
Hearing thresholds and complete/partial recovery rate after treatment.

Results:
Hearing thresholds after treatment were not significantly different between the SN and SO groups (46.8 ± 29.4 versus 54.8 ± 27.6 dB HL, p = 0.218). However, the complete recovery rate was significantly higher in the SN group than in the SO group (41.7% versus 16.8%, p = 0.014). In subgroup analysis, the complete recovery rate was significantly higher in the SN-S group than in the SO-S group (60.9% versus 19.2%, p = 0.003), whereas the difference between the SN-P and SO-P groups was not significant (7.7% versus 12.5%, p = 0.672). The cumulative incidence of complete recovery was significantly higher in SN-S group than in the SO-S group (p = 0.005); the mean recovery time was 4.4 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8–6.1) in the SN-S group and 8.8 weeks (95% CI, 7.0–10.5) in the SO-S group.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that nimodipine and steroid combination therapy for ISSNHL results in a higher complete recovery rate than steroid alone in patients with moderate to severe hearing loss.
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) Test-retest Reliability in Children
Authors: Fuemmeler Elizabeth , Rodriguez Amanda I. , Thomas Megan , Creutz Tom , Fitzpatrick Denis , Janky Kristen L. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency muscle potentials measured from the neck (cervical VEMP; cVEMP) or under the eyes (ocular VEMP; oVEMP), which provide information regarding function of the saccule and utricle, respectively. VEMPs are reliable when performed in adults; however, reliability of VEMPs in children is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability of c- and oVEMP testing in normal control children.

Study Design:
Prospective.

Setting:
Hospital.

Patients:
Ten adults, 14 adolescent children and 13 young children with normal hearing.

Interventions:
c- and oVEMP testing were completed across two test sessions in response to air-conduction 500 Hz tone-burst and impulse hammer stimuli. Additionally, oVEMP was completed using eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions.

Main Outcome Measures:
Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the reliability of c- and oVEMP outcomes.

Results:
When using air-conduction stimuli, c- and oVEMP amplitudes are reliable across test sessions in normal control children and adults. With impulse hammer stimuli, cVEMP amplitudes showed high reliability; however, oVEMP amplitudes showed low reliability in both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Comparison between eyes-open and eyes-closed oVEMP conditions revealed shorter latencies and higher peak-to-peak amplitudes in the eyes-open condition.

Conclusions:
In this small cohort of normal control children, cVEMPs are reliable using air-conduction and impulse hammer stimuli and oVEMPs are reliable using air-conduction stimuli in the eyes-open condition. oVEMP in eyes-closed conditions were less reliable compared with eyes-open conditions and resulted in a large number of absent responses.