bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals: an assessment of textual and visual content of websites
Authors: Alkazemi Mariam F , Van Stee Stephanie K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsidering the important role of the Internet in health information seeking by consumers, it is critical to examine the health information that is available to them through the Internet. This study contributes to existing knowledge by employing a content analysis to examine visual and textual information on prescription medication websites. A stratified random sample was selected from a list of the 100 most-prescribed medications in the United States. Findings point to under-utilization of audiovisual components on the homepage of prescription medication websites as well as a lack of racial diversity in people pictured. Medications for chronic conditions were more likely to have homepages with a positive emotional tone than those for acute conditions. Further, more depictions of women on homepages predicted a greater number of prescriptions filled. This study includes implications for health education and healthcare professionals, patients and the Food and Drug Administration.
Presence of PTPN2 SNP rs1893217 Enhances the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Spermidine
Authors: Niechcial Anna , Butter Matthias , Manz Salomon , Obialo Nicole , Bäbler Katharina , van der Lely Lisa , Lang Silvia , Gottier Claudia , McCole Declan F , Scharl Michael , Spalinger Marianne R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1893217 within the gene locus encoding PTPN2 represents a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our previous work demonstrated reduced PTPN2 activity and subsequently increased inflammatory signaling upon presence of SNP rs1893217. The naturally occurring polyamine spermidine reduces pro-inflammatory signaling via induction of PTPN2 activity; however, the effect of SNP rs1893217 on the anti-inflammatory potential of spermidine is still unknown. Here, we investigated how presence of SNP rs1893217 affects treatment efficacy of spermidine and whether it might serve as a potential biomarker for spermidine treatment.

Methods
Human T84 (wild-type [WT] for PTPN2 SNP rs1893217) and HT29 (heterozygous for PTPN2 SNP rs1893217) intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were treated with several polyamines from the putrescine-spermidine pathway. T84 and HT29 IECs, THP-1 monocytes (WT and transfected with a lentiviral vector expressing PTPN2 SNP rs1893217) and genotyped, patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells were challenged with IFN-γ and/or spermidine.

Results
Among the analyzed polyamines, spermidine was the most efficient activator of PTPN2 phosphatase activity, regardless of the PTPN2 genotype. Spermidine suppressed IFN-γ-induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, along with decreased mRNA expression of ICAM-1, NOD2, and IFNG in IECs and monocytes. Of note, these effects were clearly more pronounced when the disease-associated PTPN2 C-variant in SNP rs1893217 was present.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that spermidine is the most potent polyamine in the putrescine-spermine axis for inducing PTPN2 enzymatic activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of spermidine is potentiated in the presence of SNP rs1893217, and this SNP might thus be a useful biomarker for possible spermidine-treatment in IBD patients.
Richard Pococke’s herbarium and manuscript index
Authors: Finnegan Rachel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines Richard Pococke’s ‘lost’ herbarium and manuscript index. These items, which have formed part of the Heritage Library Collection of the Qatar National Library since 1993, have escaped the attention of all but one scholar, who published the results of his scientific examination of the medicinal specimens in 1997 and concluded that the index was the work of a professional. This study traces the transmission of the collection, offers an approximate date for its creation, and argues that Pococke had gained sufficient knowledge of botany and plant taxonomy in later life to compile the semi-professional botanical index himself.
Bare area on the trochanter and its correlations to gluteal tendon insertion dimensions
Authors: Hapa Onur , Işın Yağmur , Toklong Moses , Hüsemoğlu Buğra , Edizer Mete , Havitçioğlu Hasan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gluteus medius and minimus tears have recently been reported to be very common and the main etiology of lateral sided hip pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any correlation between the dimensions of the tendon insertions and bare areas (BA) and various bony landmarks. Twenty-seven hemipelvises from adult male hips were included. The bony landmarks [anterior tip (Ta), posterior tip of trochanter, vastus tubercle (VT) and center of BA] were marked. The longitudinal lengths and widths (maximum) of posterosuperior (PS), lateral facets (LF), minimus insertion (Min) and BA and the distance between posterior (Tp) and Ta and between anterior/posterior tips and the VT or center of BA were measured using a digital caliper. A correlation analysis was performed between variables. There was a correlation between LFlength and Minlength (r = 0.4, P = 0.01) and between Ta–BA and PS + LF (r = 0.5, P = 0.003) or Minlength (r = 0.4, P = 0.016). LFwidth was negatively correlated with BAwidth (r = −0.4, P = 0.002). Tp–BA was negatively correlated with BAwidth (r = −0.4, P = 0.01). LFwidth was correlated with Tp–BA, and this nearly reached statistical significance (r = 0.3, P = 0.05). BA can be used intraoperatively as landmarks to estimate the width of the LF and also to determine the length of the longitudinal insertion of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons.
Orbital dynamics of 2020 AV2: the first Vatira asteroid
Authors: Greenstreet Sarah 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Vatira-class near-Earth objects (NEOs) have orbits entirely interior to the orbit of Venus with aphelia 0.307 &lt; Q &lt; 0.718 au. Recently discovered asteroid 2020 AV2 by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 2020 January 4 is the first known object on a Vatira orbit. Numerical integrations of 2020 AV2’s nominal orbit show it remaining in the Vatira region for the next few hundred kyr before coupling to Venus and evolving onto an Atira orbit (NEOs entirely interior to Earth’s orbit with 0.718 &lt; Q &lt; 0.983 au) and eventually scattering out to Earth-crossing. The numerical integrations of 9900 clones within 2020 AV2’s orbital uncertainty region show examples of Vatira orbits trapped in the 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Venus at semimajor axis a ≈ 0.552 au that can survive on the order of a few Myr. Possible 2020 AV2 orbits also include those on Vatira orbits between Mercury and Venus that only rarely cross that of a planet. Together, the 3:2 resonance and these rarely-planet-crossing orbits provide a meta-stable region of phase space that is stable on time-scales of several Myr. If 2020 AV2 is currently in this meta-stable region (or was in the past), that may explain its discovery as the first Vatira and may be where more are discovered.
Deep analysis of RNA N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) patterns in human cells
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Liangjiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractN6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification in eukaryotes, and affects RNA metabolism and non-coding RNA function. Previous studies suggest that m6A modifications in mammals occur on the consensus sequence DRACH (D = A/G/U, R = A/G, H = A/C/U). However, only about 10% of such adenosines can be m6A-methylated, and the underlying sequence determinants are still unclear. Notably, the regulation of m6A modifications can be cell-type-specific. In this study, we have developed a deep learning model, called TDm6A, to predict RNA m6A modifications in human cells. For cell types with limited availability of m6A data, transfer learning may be used to enhance TDm6A model performance. We show that TDm6A can learn common and cell-type-specific motifs, some of which are associated with RNA-binding proteins previously reported to be m6A readers or anti-readers. In addition, we have used TDm6A to predict m6A sites on human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for selection of candidates with high levels of m6A modifications. The results provide new insights into m6A modifications on human protein-coding and non-coding transcripts.
Pulsed fraction of super-critical column accretion flows on to neutron stars: Modeling of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars
Authors: Inoue Akihiro , Ohsuga Ken , Kawashima Tomohisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We calculate the pulsed fraction (PF) of the super-critical column accretion flows on to magnetized neutron stars (NSs), of which the magnetic axis is misaligned with the rotation axis, based on the simulation results by Kawashima et al. (2016, PASJ, 68, 83). Here, we solve the geodesic equation for light in the Schwarzschild spacetime in order to take into account the light-bending effect. The gravitational redshift and the relativistic Doppler effect from gas motions of the accretion columns are also incorporated. The pulsed emission appears since the observed luminosity, which exceeds the Eddington luminosity for the stellar-mass black holes, periodically changes via precession of the column caused by the rotation of the NS. The PF tends to increase as $\theta _{\rm obs}$ approaches to $\theta _{\rm B}$, where $\theta _{\rm obs}$ and $\theta _{\rm B}$ are the observer’s viewing angle and the polar angle of the magnetic axis measured from the rotation axis, respectively. The maximum PF is around 50%. Also, we find that the PF becomes less than 5% for $\theta _{\rm obs} \lesssim 5^\circ$ or for $\theta _{\rm B} \lesssim 5^\circ$. Our results are consistent with observations of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars (ULXPs) with few exceptions, since the ULXPs mostly exhibit the PF of $\lesssim 50$%. Our present study supports the hypothesis that the ULXPs are powered by the super-critical column accretion on to NSs.
dEMBF v2.0: An Updated Database of Enzymes for Microalgal Biofuel Feedstock
Authors: Sahoo Susrita , Mahapatra Soumya Ranjan , Parida Bikram Kumar , Narang Parminder Kaur , Rath Satyajit , Misra Namrata , Suar Mrutyunjay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In light of increasing algal genomics data and knowledge of biosynthetic pathways responsible for biofuel production, an integrated resource for easy access to all information is essential to improve our understanding of algal lipid metabolism. Against this backdrop, dEMBF v2.0, a significantly updated and improved version of our database of microalgae lipid biosynthetic enzymes for biofuel production, has been developed. dEMBF v2.0 now contains a comprehensive annotation of 2018 sequences encoding 35 enzymes, an increase of over 7-fold as compared with the first version. Other improved features include an increase in species coverage to 32 algal genomes, analysis of additional metabolic pathways, expanded annotation thoroughly detailing sequence and structural features, including enzyme–ligand interactions, and integration of supporting experimental evidence to demonstrate the role of enzymes in increasing lipid content. Along with a complete redesign of the interface, the updated database provides several inbuilt tools and user-friendly functionalities for more interactive and dynamic visualization of data.
Vaccination Policies: Between Best and Basic Interests of the Child, between Precaution and Proportionality
Authors: Pierik Roland 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow should liberal-democratic governments deal with emerging vaccination hesitancy when that leads to the resurgence of diseases that for decades were under control? This article argues that vaccination policies should be justified in terms of a proper weighing of the rights of children to be protected against vaccine-preventable diseases and the rights of parents to raise their children in ways that they see fit. The argument starts from the concept of the ‘best interests of the child involved’. The concept is elaborated for this context into the dual regime structure in which parents have fiduciary authority over what they consider to be best for their child, and the state has fiduciary authority over a child’s basic interests. This argument leads to conditional mandatory vaccination programs that should be informed by a correct balancing of the two legal principles of proportionality and precaution. This results in contextual childhood vaccination policies of upscaling interference: a three-tiered approach of increased intrusion, from voluntary program when possible and mandatory or even compulsory programs when necessary to protect the child’s basic interests.
Subomohyoid Anterior Suprascapular Block versus Interscalene Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Abdallah Faraj W. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Laupacis Andreas , Brull Richard , Mocon Aaron , Hussain Nasir , Thorpe Kevin E. , Chan Vincent W. S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Interscalene brachial plexus block, the pain relief standard for shoulder surgery, is an invasive technique associated with important complications. The subomohyoid anterior suprascapular block is a potential alternative, but evidence of its comparative analgesic effect is sparse. The authors tested the hypothesis that anterior suprascapular block is noninferior to interscalene block for improving pain control after shoulder surgery. As a secondary objective, the authors evaluated the success of superior trunk (C5–C6 dermatomes) block with suprascapular block.

Methods
In this multicenter double-blind noninferiority randomized trial, 140 patients undergoing shoulder surgery were randomized to either interscalene or anterior suprascapular block with 15 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and epinephrine. The primary outcome was area under the curve of postoperative visual analog scale pain scores during the first 24 h postoperatively. The 90% CI for the difference (interscalene-suprascapular) was compared against a –4.4-U noninferiority margin. Secondary outcomes included presence of superior trunk blockade, pain scores at individual time points, opioid consumption, time to first analgesic request, opioid-related side-effects, and quality of recovery.

Results
A total of 136 patients were included in the analysis. The mean difference (90% CI) in area under the curve of pain scores for the (interscalene-suprascapular) comparison was –0.3 U (–0.8 to 0.12), exceeding the noninferiority margin of –4.4 U and demonstrating noninferiority of suprascapular block. The risk ratio (95% CI) of combined superior trunk (C5–C6 dermatomes) blockade was 0.98 (0.92 to 1.01), excluding any meaningful difference in superior trunk block success rates between the two groups. When differences in other analgesic outcomes existed, they were not clinically important.

Conclusions
The suprascapular block was noninferior to interscalene block with respect to improvement of postoperative pain control, and also for blockade of the superior trunk. These findings suggest that the suprascapular block consistently blocks the superior trunk and qualify it as an effective interscalene block alternative.

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Epigenetic therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the role of hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors and the combination of hypomethylating agents with histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Xu Qing-Yu , Yu Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Epigenetic regulation includes changes of DNA methylation and modifications of histone proteins and is essential for normal physiologic functions, especially for controlling gene expression. Epigenetic dysregulation plays a key role in disease pathogenesis and progression of some malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Epigenetic therapies, including hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, were developed to reprogram the epigenetic abnormalities in AML. However, the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of the two agents alone or their combination remain unknown. An overview of these epigenetic therapies is given here. A literature search was conducted through PubMed database, looking for important biological or clinical studies related to the epigenetic regimens in the treatment of AML until October 15th, 2019. Various types of articles, including original research and reviews, were assessed, identified, and eventually summarized as a collection of data pertaining the mechanisms and clinical effects of HMAs and HDAC inhibitors in AML patients. We provided here an overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms and clinical therapeutic effects involved in the treatment with HMAs and HDAC inhibitors alone, the combination of epigenetic therapies with intensive chemotherapy, and the combination of both types of epigenetic therapies. Relevant clinical trials were also discussed. Generally speaking, the large number of studies and their varied outcomes demonstrate that effects of epigenetic therapies are heterogeneous, and that HMAs combination regimens probably contribute to significant response rates. However, more research is needed to explore therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors and various combinations of HMAs and HDAC inhibitors.
CASE OF TORPEDO MACULOPATHY WITH TWO DISTINCT ZONES OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM
Authors: Brill Daniel A. , Lin Xihui , Garcia Armando L. , Hou Andrew C. , Le Kim H. 
Published: February 2020

Background/Purpose:
To report a case of torpedo maculopathy with two distinct zones of the retinal pigment epithelium visualized on optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 6-year-old female presented for a routine examination. Visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. Dilated fundus examination was normal in the right eye. Dilated fundus examination of the left eye showed a wedge-shaped area of hypopigmentation in the temporal macula. Optical coherence tomography macula of the left eye showed outer retinal cavitation with segmentation of the foveal retinal pigment epithelium into a superficial fluffy zone and a deeper hyperreflective zone.

Conclusion:
This case helps contribute to the growing body of the torpedo maculopathy literature that may reveal different stages of the same disease evolving over time.
New Strategy Is Needed to Prevent Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Mukerji Reshmi , Briles David E 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) target the pneumococcal capsular types that most commonly cause fatal pneumonia and sepsis. Because these types were eliminated by the vaccines, it became apparent that in immunized populations, most invasive pneumococcal diseases, including bacteremia, sepsis and complicated pneumonia, were greatly reduced. However, the protective effects of PCVs against another invasive disease, meningitis, has shown much less or no decrease in disease incidence.

Methods:
References were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from January 1930 to the present by use of specific search terms. Relevant articles were also identified through searches in Google and Google Scholar. Relevant references cited in those articles were also reviewed.

Results:
Even in the presence of the PCVs, meningitis rates in children have been reported globally to be as high as 13 per 100,000 annually. Widespread use of vaccines resulted in the emergence of a broad diversity of replacement non-PCV type strains. These strains generally failed to cause sepsis, but caused meningitis of comparable severity and levels similar to, or in excess of, prior pneumococcal meningitis rates. This is probably because these non-PCV type strains do not survive well in the blood, therefore possibly entering the brain through nonhematogenous routes.

Conclusions:
Because virtually all cases of pneumococcal meningitis lead to either permanent neurologic sequelae or death, it would be well worth the effort to develop a new vaccine capable of preventing pneumococcal meningitis regardless of capsular type. Such a vaccine would need to protect against colonization with most, if not all, pneumococci.
A review of the incidence and risk factors for fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain in population-based studies
Authors: Creed Francis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This review identified prospective cohort studies in the general population, which showed incidence (23 papers) and risk factors (37 papers) for fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain. Median incidence of physician diagnosed fibromyalgia in the general population was 4.3 per 1000 person-years (range = 0.33-18.8) but 14.0 (1.2-32.7) if medical illness was present. Median incidence of chronic widespread pain was 12.5 per 1000 person-years (7.2-81.6) but 67 per 1000 person years (14.8-124) for those with pre-existing pain. Risk factors included various childhood difficulties, female sex (except with pre-existing medical disorders), older/middle age, smoking, high body mass index, alcohol abstinence, and pre-existing medical disorders in adulthood. The strongest associations were with sleep disorders, headaches and other pains, depression, and illness behaviour. These data suggest strongly that there are many aetiological routes into fibromyalgia, and future research could be enhanced by studying the underlying mechanisms relating to these risk factors.
A Qualitative Exploration of Shift Work and Employee Well-Being in the US Manufacturing Environment
Authors: McHugh Megan , Farley Diane , Rivera Adovich S. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:Describe manufacturing workers’ perceptions of the effect of shift work, following the Framework for Worker Well-Being.Methods:Eight focus groups and 43 interviews were conducted across four large manufacturing plants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data within each of the five domains of the Framework: physical environment and safety climate; workplace policies and culture; health status; work evaluation and experience; and home, community, and society.Results:Respondents described shift work as detrimental to well-being across four of the five Framework domains. The exception was in the workplace policies and culture domain, where some respondents described shift work as necessary, fair, and financially beneficial.Conclusions:Shift work negatively influences worker well-being in a holistic way. Employers could consider reconfiguring workplace wellness benefits to transcend the boundaries of the workplace and better support workers and their families.