bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-subunit interactions that stabilize open states mediate gating in NMDA receptors
Authors: Iacobucci Gary J. , Wen Han , Helou Matthew , Liu Beiying , Zheng Wenjun , Popescu Gabriela K. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
NMDA receptors are glutamatergic channels whose activation controls the strength of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Agonist binding initiates a complex activation reaction that consists of a stepwise sequence of reversible isomerizations. In addition to previously identified steps in this series, which include agonist-induced closure of the ligand-binding lobes and the subsequent mechanical pulling by the ligand-binding domain on the gate-forming transmembrane helix, we identify a cross-subunit interaction that stabilizes open receptors and slows the rate of the current decay. Naturally occurring NMDA receptor variants lacking this interaction are pathogenic.
Viewing images of foods evokes taste quality-specific activity in gustatory insular cortex
Authors: Avery Jason A. , Liu Alexander G. , Ingeholm John E. , Gotts Stephen J. , Martin Alex 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Does a picture of an apple taste sweet? Previous studies have shown that viewing food pictures activates brain regions involved in taste perception. However, it is unclear if this response is actually specific to the taste of depicted foods. Using ultrahigh-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analysis, we decoded specific tastes delivered during scanning, as well as the dominant tastes associated with food pictures within primary taste cortex. Thus, merely viewing pictures of food evokes an automatic retrieval of information about the taste of those foods. These results show how higher-order information from one sensory modality (i.e., vision) can be represented in brain regions thought to represent only low-level information from a different modality (i.e., taste).
Human species D adenovirus hexon capsid protein mediates cell entry through a direct interaction with CD46
Authors: Persson B. David , John Lijo , Rafie Karim , Strebl Michael , Frängsmyr Lars , Ballmann Monika Z. , Mindler Katja , Havenga Menzo , Lemckert Angelique , Stehle Thilo , Carlson Lars-Anders , Arnberg Niklas 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThe adenovirus capsid protein is built by three main capsomers: hexon, fiber, and penton base. Entry is mediated by fiber proteins anchoring the virus to host cell receptors and is followed by penton base proteins engaging coreceptors, resulting in entry. Here, we demonstrate that human adenovirus species D types, which constitute two-thirds of all human adenoviruses, enter host cells through a direct interaction between the hexon protein and CD46. This study provides insights into the entry mechanisms used by human adenoviruses. As these viruses are also used as vaccine vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases, the results provided will also be useful for further development of human adenovirus species D types as vaccine vectors.
Bayesian reconstruction of gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes with nonzero eccentricities
Authors: Dálya Gergely , Raffai Peter , Bécsy Bence 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on how well gravitational-wave signals of binary black holes (BBHs) with nonzero eccentricities can be recovered with state of the art model-independent waveform reconstruction and parameter estimation techniques. For this we use BayesWave, a Bayesian algorithm used by the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration for unmodeled reconstructions of signal waveforms and parameters. We used two different waveform models to produce simulated signals of BBHs with eccentric orbits and embed them in samples of simulated noise of design-sensitivity Advanced LIGO detectors. We studied the network overlaps and point estimates of central moments of signal waveforms recovered by BayesWave as a function of e, the eccentricity of the binary at 8 Hz orbital frequency. BayesWave recovers signals of near-circular (e ≲ 0.2) and highly eccentric (e ≳ 0.7) binaries with network overlaps similar to that of circular (e = 0) ones, however it produces lower network overlaps for binaries with e ∈ [0.2, 0.7]. Estimation errors on central frequencies and bandwidths (measured relative to bandwidths) are nearly independent from e, while estimation errors on central times and durations (measured relative to durations) increase and decrease with e above e ≳ 0.5, respectively. We also tested how BayesWave performs when reconstructions are carried out using generalized wavelets with linear frequency evolution (chirplets) instead of sine-Gaussian wavelets. We have found that network overlaps improve by ∼10–20 percent when chirplets are used, and the improvement is the highest at low (e < 0.5) eccentricities. There is however no significant change in the estimation errors of central moments when the chirplet base is used.
The interior inverse electromagnetic scattering for an inhomogeneous cavity
Authors: Zeng Fang , Meng Shixu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we consider the inverse electromagnetic scattering for a cavity surrounded by an inhomogeneous medium in three dimensions. The measurements are scattered electric fields measured on some surface inside the cavity, where such scattered electric fields are due to electric dipoles emitted on the same surface. By making use of a boundary value problem called the exterior transmission problem, we first prove that the measurements can uniquely determine the shape of the cavity. Then we apply the linear sampling method to reconstruct the cavity. Numerical examples are further provided to illustrate the viability of our algorithm.
A novel framework using gated recurrent unit for fault diagnosis of rotary machinery with noisy labels
Authors: Nie Xiaoyin , Xie Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the harsh working environment, rotary machinery is susceptible to various faults, thus fault diagnosis to ensure safe operation is extremely important. Deep learning technology-based fault diagnosis is an effective method but may face the following limitations. With the complexity of labeling fault signals and limitation of labeling experience, noisy labels are likely to be introduced, which affects the diagnosis result. So a framework called GRUS-CL is proposed, in which a baseline network combining a gated recurrent unit and softmax (GRUS) is trained by minimizing the correction loss (CL). First, two-dimensional transformation is proposed to form two-dimensional samples with less calculation time. Second, GRUS is designed to extract features and diagnose automatically. Third, an adaptive balance factor is introduced to form CL. The proposed GRUS-CL is evaluated with a bearing dataset and achieves the advantages of excellent diagnosis effect, simple structure, high noisy label tolerance, and discriminative feature extraction.
A measuring method for layered compactness of loess subgrade based on hydraulic compaction
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Zhou Zhijun , Guo Tao , Xu Tianyu , Zhu Linxuan , Xu Fu , Chen Chaoran , Liu Tong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subgrade compactness is a key factor determining subgrade quality. However, defects exist in the traditional methods for subgrade compactness measurement. Based on the theoretical analysis of dynamic impact and vibration waves, the hydraulic compaction method was used to measure the layered compactness of loess subgrade in this paper. A full-scale test was then carried out to observe the variation of soil parameters after hydraulic compaction. The results show that the layered interface settlement (LIS) of subgrade has the characteristic of stage change bounded by 0.9 m of depth and 6–9 blow times respectively. The compaction effect is not obvious when the depth exceeds 1.2 m, and thus the improvement depth was introduced. The settlement curve has the characteristic of the Boltzmann function. The relationship between layered compacted compactness and LIS was obtained by the regression method. Finally, based on the theory of layered compaction, a measuring method for the layered compactness of loess subgrade based on hydraulic compaction was presented. The field application demonstrates that the results of the hydraulic compaction method correspond well with that of the sand-filling method.
Insights into the green doping of clinoptilolite with Na+ ions (Na+/Clino) as a nanocatalyst in the conversion of palm oil into biodiesel; optimization and mechanism
Authors: Abukhadra Mostafa R , Basyouny Mohamed Gameel , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M , El-Meligy Mohammed A , Luqman Monis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The critical demand for eco-friendly, renewable, and safe energy resources is an essential issue encountered in the contemporary world. The catalytic transesterification of plant oils into biodiesel was assessed as promising a technique for providing new forms of clean and safe fuel. Natural clinoptilolite was doped with Na+ ions by green chemical reactions between sodium nitrite and green tea extract, producing a novel modified structure (Na+/Clino). The Na+/Clino product had an enhanced total basicity (6.41 mmol OH/g), ion exchange capacity (387 meq/100 g), and surface area (312.7 m2 g−1), which qualified it to be used as a potential basic catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil. Transesterification tests were statistically assessed using a response surface methodology and a central composite design. Considering the effect of how the significant factors interact with each other, the synthetic Na+/Clino achieved a 96.4% experimental biodiesel yield after 70 min at 100 °C in the presence of 2.75 wt% catalyst loading and a 12.5:1 methanol-to-palm-oil ratio. Based on the optimization function of the statistical model, the performance of Na+/Clino can theoretically be enhanced to increase the yield to 98.2% by expanding the test time to 85 min and the loading value to 3 wt%. The product yielded by the Na+/ClinO process is of adequate technical properties, considering the international levels for standard biodiesel (EN 14214 and ASTM D-6751). Finally, the prepared green Na+ doped clinoptilolite had excellent recyclability as a heterogeneous basic catalyst and displayed higher efficiency than several species of previously studied heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts.
Dually acid- and GSH-triggered bis(β-cyclodextrin) as drugs delivery nanoplatform for effective anticancer monotherapy
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Hui , Li Xiufang , Li Jianbing , Tang Rongdi , Deng Zhiwei , Yang Yanjing , Zhong Shian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The intrinsic poor solubility and limited load capacity of β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) results in reduced bioavailability, rendering the material unsuitable in complex biological environments. In this work, a pair of β-CDs was methylated and covalently linked with acid-sensitive acylhydrazone and GSH-sensitive disulfide bonds to ensure a precise drug release pattern. The hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated inside the hydrophobic core of bis(β-CD) via hydrophobic association with loading capacity of 24% in weight and a hydrodynamic size of about 100 nm. When exposed to acidic and reductive environments, the acylhydrazone and disulfide bonds were found to be cleaved, resulting in Dox release. Using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analysis, the designed bis(β-CD) were determined to activate the drug release behavior by specific intracellular stimuli (pH and GSH). In vivo studies demonstrated specific drug delivery characteristics and controlled drug release behaviors in the tumor sites, giving rise to high antitumor activity and low toxicity. Taken in concert, this dual stimuli-responsive bis(β-CD) with superior amphiphilicity and biocompatibility features showed great potential for future clinical applications.
A reinforcement learning approach to rare trajectory sampling
Authors: Rose Dominic C , Mair Jamie F , Garrahan Juan P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Very often when studying non-equilibrium systems one is interested in analysing dynamical behaviour that occurs with very low probability, so called rare events. In practice, since rare events are by definition atypical, they are often difficult to access in a statistically significant way. What are required are strategies to ‘make rare events typical’ so that they can be generated on demand. Here we present such a general approach to adaptively construct a dynamics that efficiently samples atypical events. We do so by exploiting the methods of reinforcement learning (RL), which refers to the set of machine learning techniques aimed at finding the optimal behaviour to maximise a reward associated with the dynamics. We consider the general perspective of dynamical trajectory ensembles, whereby rare events are described in terms of ensemble reweighting. By minimising the distance between a reweighted ensemble and that of a suitably parametrised controlled dynamics we arrive at a set of methods similar to those of RL to numerically approximate the optimal dynamics that realises the rare behaviour of interest. As simple illustrations we consider in detail the problem of excursions of a random walker, for the case of rare events with a finite time horizon; and the problem of a studying current statistics of a particle hopping in a ring geometry, for the case of an infinite time horizon. We discuss natural extensions of the ideas presented here, including to continuous-time Markov systems, first passage time problems and non-Markovian dynamics.
Spatially resolved measurements of RF accelerated deuterons at JET
Authors: Sahlberg A. , Eriksson J. , Conroy S. , Ericsson G. , Nocente M. , Kazakov Ye.O. , JET Contributors  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An understanding of fast (supra-thermal) ion behavior is of great importance in tokamak physics and is a subject studied from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. This paper investigates the spatial energy and density distributions of RF accelerated deuterons using the neutron camera at the tokamak JET. Using the 19 liquid scintillator detectors available in the neutron camera system, we obtain spatial information that cannot be accessed with a single sightline. We present a spectroscopic analysis method in which a spatially resolved model of the fast ion distribution is fitted to the pulse height spectra from all 19 detectors simultaneously. The fast ion distribution is parameterized in such a way that the density, energy, and pitch-angle parts are uncoupled. The energy part is composed of a Maxwellian distribution, characterized by an ‘RF tail temperature,’ and the spatial dependence is modeled as a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution on the poloidal plane of the tokamak. From this parameterized model, we can calculate the spectrum of fusion born neutrons originating from reactions involving RF accelerated deuterons, and by fitting this model to the measured neutron camera pulse height spectra, we obtain an estimate of the spatially resolved distribution of the fast deuterons. The method has been applied to three JET pulses using different RF heating schemes and is shown to identify several features of the fast ion distribution produced in the various scenarios. Hence, this method is able to provide quantitative information about the fast ion distribution resulting from different heating schemes, and can also be useful, e.g., to validate simulation results from RF modeling codes.
Linear MHD analyses of locked-mode-like instabilities in LHD
Authors: Okamoto M. , Tomita H. , Watanabe K.Y. , Sato M. , Takemura Y. , Sakakibara S. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate the driving mechanism of the locked-mode-like instability observed in the large helical device, we reconstruct the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria consistent with the measurement and identify a dominant MHD instability in the precursor phase based on linear MHD analyses. From the dependence of the linear growth rate on the magnetic Reynolds number, the radial mode structure of the electrostatic potential fluctuation and other indices, the ideal interchange mode is found to be dominant. Moreover, it is found that the Mercier parameter, D
I, becomes much larger than 0.3 during the phase, while the precursor has constant frequency and fluctuation amplitude. Therefore, D
I ≫ 0.3 is a good index of the on-set condition of the minor collapse itself. It is also found that the achievement of D
I ≫ 0.3 is due to the movement of the resonant surface to the inner plasma region, which corresponds to the larger pressure gradient region.
3rd International Conference on Vocational Education of Mechanical and Automotive Technology (ICoVEMAT) 2020
Authors: Siswanto I , Arifin Z , Nuryanto A , Pratiwi H , Efendi Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 3rd ICoVEMAT-2020 was organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering Education and the Department of Automotive Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. It was successfully held on October 5th, 2020 using an online platform (zoom) due to the serious pandemic Covid 19 which is endangering people, leaving them no choice but to avoid gathering people at the same place.
The Third International Conference on Vocational Education of Mechanical and Automotive Technology (ICoVEMAT) 2020 aims to provide a platform for educators, academicians, researchers, and industry professionals from all over the world to share their ideas, research results, and to discuss the development and innovation in mechanical and automotive technology. It also provides an opportunity for the participants to find global partners for future collaboration.
Industrial revolution 4.0, the internet of things, environmental sustainability, and concern for the disabled person have an impact on every aspect of human civilization including in the field of mechanical and automotive engineering. The need for human resources who are capable of adapting and innovating with various technological advancements to contribute to improving the quality of the environment and people’s lives is increasing. Therefore, the theme of 3rd ICoVEMAT 2020 is “Technology Innovation-Based Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Education for Promoting Sustainable Freedom of Learning”
List of Steering Committee, Scientific Committee, Proceedings Chairs, Organizing Committee, Invited Speakers are available in this pdf.
Redesigning mini compact crucible furnace to improve its performance
Authors: Soemowidagdo AL , Surahmanto F , Rezani R , Pramana SB , Lutfian F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Redesigning mini compact crucible furnace to improve heat insulation durability and to obtain the best exhaust pipe position is needed to achieve compatibility for aluminium casting practice. Performance test of the redesigned mini compact crucible furnace was conducted by variation of crucible, support and economizer. The rate of temperature increase, the aluminium melting rate, and gas consumption for melting aluminium specify the furnace performance. The temperature change was determined by digital infrared thermometer. Heat insulator on the inner side wall of mini compact crucible furnace were redesigned by using stainless steel plate cylinder combining with ceramic blanket D.96. Total weight of the furnace decreases by 28%. This insulator combination was able to accelerate the temperature increase, maintain the heating chamber temperature, and reduce the gas consumption. The furnace was able to melt 3 kg of aluminium in 35 minutes by consuming around 1.2 kg of liquefied petroleum gas. The economiser functioned well, was able to accelerate the temperature increase, and maintain the heating chamber temperature.
Isn’t it effective if the transformation of product design tests into 3-dimention modelling?
Authors: Setiadi B R , Puspito J , Sudiyatno  , Kurniawan D , Kartowagiran B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to prove whether changing and transforming into 3D modelling is more effective and efficient than presenting product design job questions in the form of 2D multi-view projection. This research study uses a mix-method with a sequential explanatory design—data collection using questionnaires and observations from video recordings of work. The research object was 28 students taking CAD courses in the Mechanical Engineering Education Department. The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in data collection being carried out online. The results showed that students’ speed on drawing problems with 2D and 3D modelling according to three levels (easy, medium, and difficult) had differences. The 3D modelling view makes it easy for respondents to do it in a short time and with the right results. If explored more in-depth, the thinking skills that dominate respondents according to their perceptions emphasize creative thinking processes and the ability to solve problems.
Experimental study on integrated biomass pyrolysis and gasification process from teak wood waste: preliminary
Authors: Mujiyono  , Nurhadiyanto D , Pratiwi H , Pratama GD , Priyono P , Kassyaf KM , Fauzi FH 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of teak wood waste column height on integrated biomass pyrolysis and gasification process. A design of new conversion process is developed in this study. Teak wood waste was compacted into a gasifier then a hollow like tube gap is inserted in the center of gasifier surrounded by char. Oxygen is passed in the inlet and was flown through the gap. When a flame was initiated, the gap was burned and temperature inside the gap was increased caused the pyrolysis of compressed teak wood happen. There were three different char column height investigated in this study, which are 50, 58 and 67 cm. Compactness of feedstock is set at 0.26 kg/m3. Water boiling test was conducted in order to find the fastest boiling time among the height variation. It is found that the higher the column, the faster the boiling time. Higher char column caused more gas produced due its higher feedstock mass. Furthermore, the gap between each teak wood chip in higher column has increased its ability to release the producer gas.
An Analysis on copper corrosion SUS304 corrugated metal gasket electroplating
Authors: Nurhadiyanto D , Amrullah A M , Mujiyono  , Kurniawati J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the corrosion characteristics on the copper coating on SUS 304 corrugated metal gasket electroplating. The corrosion process on the gaskets coating surface generates an oxide coating which affects the gasket quality both in the decorative aspect and the performance of the SUS 304 corrugated metal gaskets. The experiment method was used in this study. The objects involved consisted of five variants of copper coating thickness of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 µm. Each variant consisted of three samples. Analysis on the corrosion was done through the experiment and reference review. The findings show that the 10 µm thickness variant has a near perfect or flawless coating result. The oxide coating formed from the corrosion is not significant. On gaskets with 15 and 20 µm coating thickness variants, copper (I) oxide or Cu2O is formed with a reddish hue characteristic. Meanwhile, on gaskets with 25 and 30 µm coating thickness, two types of oxide coating, namely Cu2O and CuO are formed with a blackish grey hue. The corrosion level is a result of inadequate electroplating process.