bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial strategies for physiotherapy: A qualitative examination of physiotherapists' reported training preferences
Authors: Driver Christina , Lovell Geoff P. , Oprescu Florin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhysiotherapists report using a range of psychosocial strategies in their practice, yet, barriers to implementation include lack of time, limited knowledge, and minimal training. This research aimed to establish what training physiotherapists have had with regards to psychosocial strategies, why they think they would benefit from more training, what training they want, and delivery preferences. Content analysis of answers to four open‐ended, online survey questions collected from Australian physiotherapists (N = 208) was conducted. Physiotherapists reported having minimal training specific to psychosocial strategies. Physiotherapists reported wanting training in assessment and management of psychosocial issues, and practical application of specific psychosocial strategies. Didactic and interactive training delivered by experts who understand the psychosocial needs of their patients, and the constraints of physiotherapy practice was preferred. These findings suggest that training in psychosocial strategies at the undergraduate level and continued professional development are necessary. Specifically, training in the assessment and management of psychosocial factors, and in referral processes is warranted, and should be applicable and appropriate for rehabilitation settings. Training should be both didactic and interactive as outlined in the proposed framework.
Allelic variation in rice Fertilization Independent Endosperm 1 contributes to grain width under high night temperature stress
Authors: Dhatt Balpreet K. , Paul Puneet , Sandhu Jaspreet , Hussain Waseem , Irvin Larissa , Zhu Feiyu , Adviento‐Borbe Maria Arlene , Lorence Argelia , Staswick Paul , Yu Hongfeng , Morota Gota , Walia Harkamal 
Published: August 2020

Summary

A higher minimum (night‐time) temperature is considered a greater limiting factor for reduced rice yield than a similar increase in maximum (daytime) temperature. While the physiological impact of high night temperature (HNT) has been studied, the genetic and molecular basis of HNT stress response remains unexplored.

We examined the phenotypic variation for mature grain size (length and width) in a diverse set of rice accessions under HNT stress. Genome‐wide association analysis identified several HNT‐specific loci regulating grain size as well as loci that are common for optimal and HNT stress conditions.

A novel locus contributing to grain width under HNT conditions colocalized with Fie1, a component of the FIS‐PRC2 complex. Our results suggest that the allelic difference controlling grain width under HNT is a result of differential transcript‐level response of Fie1 in grains developing under HNT stress.

We present evidence to support the role of Fie1 in grain size regulation by testing overexpression (OE) and knockout mutants under heat stress. The OE mutants were either unaltered or had a positive impact on mature grain size under HNT, while the knockouts exhibited significant grain size reduction under these conditions.
Looking into ‘hair tonics’ for cotton fiber initiation
Authors: Wang Lu , Kartika Dewi , Ruan Yong‐Ling 
Published: August 2020

SummaryCotton fiber is the most important source of cellulose for the global textile industry. These hair‐like single‐celled trichomes develop from ovule epidermis. They are classified into long spinnable lint and short fuzz. A key objective in the cotton industry is to breed elite cultivars with fuzzless seeds carrying high lint yield. Molecular basis underlying lint and fuzz initiation remains obscure. Recent studies indicate fiber initiation is under the control of MYB‐bHLH‐WDR (MBW) transcription factor complex. Based on molecular genetic studies and gene expression patterns linking fiber phenotypes, we propose that specific but different sets of MBW genes are required to precisely regulate the initiation of the lint and fuzz fibers. Emerging evidence further points to sugar signaling as a ‘hair‐tonic’ to boost fiber initiation through interaction with MBW complex and auxin signaling. An integrative model is provided as a conceptual framework for future studies to dissect the molecular network responsible for cotton fiber initiation.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review
Authors: Centeno‐Tablante Elizabeth , Medina‐Rivera Melisa , Finkelstein Julia L. , Rayco‐Solon Pura , Garcia‐Casal Maria Nieves , Rogers Lisa , Ghezzi‐Kopel Kate , Ridwan Pratiwi , Peña‐Rosas Juan Pablo , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by infection with a novel coronavirus strain, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). At present, there is limited information on potential transmission of the infection from mother to child, particularly through breast milk and breastfeeding. Here, we provide a living systematic review to capture information that might necessitate changes in the guidance on breast milk and breastfeeding given the uncertainty in this area. Our search retrieved 19,414 total records; 605 were considered for full‐text eligibility and no ongoing trials were identified. Our review includes 340 records, 37 with breast milk samples and 303 without. The 37 articles with analyzed breast milk samples reported on 77 mothers who were breastfeeding their children; among them, 19 of 77 children were confirmed COVID‐19 cases based on RT‐PCR assays, including 14 neonates and five older infants. Nine of the 68 analyzed breast milk samples from mothers with COVID‐19 were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA; of the exposed infants, four were positive and two were negative for COVID‐19. Currently, there is no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission through breast milk. Studies are needed with longer follow‐up periods that collect data on infant feeding practices and on viral presence in breast milk.
The impact of COVID‐19 on food systems, safety, and security—a symposium report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Jaykus Lee‐Ann , Hoelzer Karin , Newton John , Torero Maximo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur food systems depend on complex interactions between farmers and food producers, local and federal governments, and consumers. Underlying these interactions are economic, environmental, and societal factors that can impact the types of food available, access to food, affordability, and food safety. The recent SARS‐CoV‐2 global pandemic has affected multiple aspects of our food systems, from federal governments’ decisions to limit food exports, to the ability of government agencies to inspect food and facilities to the ability of consumers to dine at restaurants. It has also provided opportunities for societies to take a close look at the vulnerabilities in our food systems and reinvent them to be more robust and resilient. For the most part, how these changes ultimately affect the safety and accessibility of food around the world remains to be seen.
The NO–cGMP–PKG pathway in skeletal remodeling
Authors: Kim Se‐Min , Yuen Tony , Iqbal Jameel , Rubin Mishaela R. , Zaidi Mone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)–protein kinase G (PKG) pathway plays a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical data using NO and its donors and genetically modified mice demonstrated that NO was required in bone remodeling and partly mediated the anabolic effects of mechanical stimuli and estrogen. However, the off‐target effects and tachyphylaxis of NO limit its long‐term use, and previous clinical trials using organic nitrates for osteoporosis have been disappointing. Among the other components in the downstream pathway, targeting cGMP‐specific phosphodiesterase to promote the NO–cGMP–PKG signal is a viable option. There are growing in vitro and in vivo data that, among many other PDE families, PDE5A is highly expressed in skeletal tissue, and inhibiting PDE5A using currently available PDE5A inhibitors might increase the osteoanabolic signal and protect the skeleton. These preclinical data open the possibility of repurposing PDE5A inhibitors for treating osteoporosis. Further research is needed to address the primary target bone cell of PDE5A inhibition, the contribution of direct and indirect effects of PDE5A inhibition, and the pathophysiological changes in skeletal PDE5A expression in aging and hypogonadal animal models.
Creation of male‐sterile lines that can be restored to fertility by exogenous methyl jasmonate for the establishment of a two‐line system for the hybrid production of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Pak Haksong , Wang Haoyi , Kim Yusin , Song Unchol , Tu Mengxin , Wu Dezhi , Jiang Lixi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMale sterility is widely used in the production of hybrid seeds in rice, but the use of genic male sterility is limited because of the high labour cost for maintaining male‐sterile lines. Previous studies using T‐DNA insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that disrupting the expression of oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 (OPR3), which is involved in the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway, results in a kind of male sterility that can be restored to fertility by exogenous jasmonate in Arabidopsis. Here, we created male‐sterile mutations by editing the second and fourth exons of OsOPR7 in rice through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated system 9. The induced mutagenesis at these exons resulted in 31.8% and 23.9% male‐sterile plants in the T0 generation, respectively. We screened male‐sterile lines that can be restored to fertility by exogenous methyl jasmonate in the T0, T1 and T2 rice populations and characterized the anther and agronomic traits of the transgenic plants. Results showed the successful generation of male‐sterile lines through the silencing of OsOPR7, the orthologous gene of Arabidopsis OPR3, in a field crop, paving the way for the establishment of a two‐line system for rice hybrid production. The system consists of a male‐sterile line that can be maintained by spraying methyl jasmonate and a restoring line that confers pollen.
Morphological evolution in melanoma in situ using revised pattern analysis
Authors: Ramji Rajan , Oakley Amanda , Rademaker Marius 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSequential digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) compares surface microscopy images of skin lesions over multiple time points. We utilized a retrospective SDDI cohort to investigate the development of dermoscopic features associated with malignancy in melanoma in situ (MIS). A total of 124 in situ melanomas were assessed from 110 Caucasian patients aged ≥18 years, with ≥2 serial images obtained between 1999 and 2017 and followed for a mean 41 months (3–142). As a positive control group, 58 invasive melanomas from 53 patients were also reviewed. Change in MIS size or number of colours correlated to time (bothp < .001). The odds of MIS displaying ≥3 clues to malignancy also correlated to time (OR 5.6–52.1) (p < .05). 75% of in situ melanomas matched a dermoscopic subtype on final imaging. While a clinically significant minority of in situ melanomas were unchanged or lost dermoscopic features, lesions predominantly increased in morphological complexity over time. Longer follow‐up periods allow dermoscopic features associated with malignancy and histopathological progression to develop.
Motor development in children 0‐2 years pre‐ and post‐LTX, a prospective study
Authors: Bos G. J. F. Joyce , Timmer Carola Y. , Lelieveld Otto T. H. M. , Scheenstra Rene , Sauer Pieter J. J. , Geertzen Jan H. B. , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo determine prospectively gross and fine motor development of children <2 years of age, who undergo LTX.In this prospective study, children aged <2 years who undergo LTX were tested using the motor scale of the Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development, 3rd edition Dutch version. Testing was done during screening pre‐ and post‐LTX: at the time of hospital discharge (2‐6 weeks), at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Z‐scores were calculated.Twenty‐nine children participated in this study, 14 boys, median age 6 months, at screening for LTX. Gross motor skills were delayed pre‐LTX (Z‐score −1.3). Fine motor skills were normal (Z‐score 0.3). Immediately post‐LTX, both skills reduced, and at 1 year post‐LTX, gross motor skills Z‐score was −1.0 and fine motor skills Z‐score 0.0.Both gross and fine motor skills Z‐scores decline post‐LTX and tend to recover after 1 year, gross motor skills to low normal and fine motor skills to normal levels. Monitoring of gross motor development and attention on stimulating gross motor development post‐LTX remains important, to enable participation in physical activity and sport for health benefits later in life.
Shared correlates of prescription drug misuse and severe suicide ideation among clinical patients at risk for suicide
Authors: Logan Joseph E. , Ertl Allison M. , Rostad Whitney L. , Herbst Jeffrey H. , Ashby Plant E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveUnintentional drug overdose and suicide have emerged as public health problems. Prescription drug misuse can elevate risk of overdose. Severe suicidal ideation increases risk of suicide. We identified shared correlates of both risk factors to inform cross‐cutting prevention efforts.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using the Military Suicide Research Consortium's Common Data Elements survey; 2012–2017 baseline data collected from 10 research sites were analyzed. The sample included 3962 clinical patients at risk of suicide. Factors examined in relation to the outcomes, prescription drug misuse and severe suicidal ideation, included demographic characteristics and symptoms of: hopelessness; anxiety; post‐traumatic stress disorder; alcohol use; other substance use; prior head/neck injury; insomnia; and belongingness. Poisson regression models with robust estimates provided adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 97.5% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsMedium and high (vs. low) levels of insomnia were positively associated with prescription drug misuse (aPRs p < 0.025). Medium (vs. low) level of insomnia was positively associated with severe suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.09; CI: 1.01–1.18). Medium and high (vs. low) levels of perceived belongingness were inversely associated with both outcomes (aPRs p < 0.025).ConclusionsResearch should evaluate whether addressing sleep problems and improving belongingness can reduce prescription drug misuse and suicidal ideation simultaneously.
Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Pawlowska Anna B. , Karras Nicole A. , Liu Huaying , DiMundo Julie , Cheng Jerry C. , Sun Weili , Armenian Saro , Yang Dongyun , Palmer Joycelynne M. , Bell Alison , Tahoun Ahmed , Tegtmeier Bernard , Dadwal Sanjeet , Rosenthal Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundReactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) occurs in 30%‐50% of patients (pts) who receive allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). However, the recommendation for post‐transplant HHV‐6 monitoring and treatment in pediatric pts is not well established.MethodsHHV‐6 incidence rates and the clinical outcomes were reported for 139 pediatric pts (≤18 years) undergoing first allo‐HCT at City of Hope from July 2011 to July 2017, for whom HHV‐6 was monitored weekly throughout HCT hospitalization. For 57 pediatric pts, who underwent first HCT from January 2009 to July 2011, HHV‐6 was tested as clinically indicated and only rates of HHV‐6 viremia were collected.ResultsFrom July 2011 to July 2017, HHV‐6 was detected in 88/139 pts (63%). The frequency of HHV‐6 viremia was associated with malignant diagnoses, myeloablative conditioning, and cord blood HCT. Treatment with antiviral agents was offered to symptomatic pts with a higher viral load (VL), for whom the time to VL clearance was longer and the frequency of subsequent recurrences was higher. Pts with a lower VL cleared HHV‐6 without treatment. HHV‐6 viremia was associated with a higher frequency of grade II‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (P = .022), but did not affect overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), non‐relapsed mortality (NRM), myeloid, or platelet (Plt) engraftment.ConclusionsHHV‐6 weekly screening is not necessary for all HCT pts but may be considered for high‐risk pts with malignant diagnoses undergoing cord blood HCT; otherwise, HHV‐6 should be tested as clinically indicated. Only symptomatic pts (especially with a high VL > 25 000) could benefit from treatment. HHV‐6 viremia at the time of initiation and administration of the conditioning regimen cleared promptly without the need to augment the transplant process.
Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: lack of correlation between disease burden, research funding and output
Authors: Fonseca Bruna de Paula , Albuquerque Priscila Costa , Zicker Fabio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the correlation between the burden of seven priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) included in the Brazilian National Agenda of Priorities in Health Research – tuberculosis, Chagas disease, leprosy, malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue and schistosomiasis – and their respective research funding and output.MethodsThis retrospective review obtained data on disease burden from the Global Burden of Disease Study and funding data from open access sources. Publications were retrieved from Scopus and SciELO, and characterised according to the type of research conducted. Correlation between funding, research output and burden was assessed by comparing the 'expected' and 'observed' values for funding and publications relative to the proportional burden for each disease.ResultsThere was an emphasis in basic biomedical research (average 30% of publications) and a shortage of health policy and systems (average 7%) and social sciences research (average 3%). Research output and funding were poorly correlated with disease burden. Tuberculosis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis accounted for more than 75% of total NTD‐related DALYs, but accounted for only 34% of publications. Leprosy, leishmaniasis and malaria, together, received 49% of NTD‐related funding despite being responsible for only 9% of DALYs.ConclusionsThe analysis evidenced a lack of correlation between disease burden, research output and government funding for priority NTDs in Brazil. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring health needs, research investments and outputs to inform policy and optimise the uptake of evidence for action, particularly in developing countries, where resources are scarce and the research capacity is limited. The results contribute to health policy by highlighting the need for improving coordination of scientific activities and public health needs for effective impact.
The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF protein, a homolog of the cyanobacterial bilin lyase, retains the bilin‐binding pocket for a yet unknown function
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Fang Jun , Guan Kaoling , Luo Shengji , Dogra Vivek , Li Bingqi , Ma Demin , Zhao Xinyan , Lee Keun Pyo , Sun Pengkai , Xin Jian , Liu Tong , Xing Weiman , Kim Chanhong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe photosynthetic bacterial phycobiliprotein lyases, also called CpcT lyases, catalyze the biogenesis of phycobilisome, a light‐harvesting antenna complex, through the covalent attachment of chromophores to the antenna proteins. The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL) protein is a homolog of the cyanobacterial CpcT lyase. Loss of CRL leads to multiple lesions, including localized foliar cell death, constitutive expression of stress‐related nuclear genes, abnormal cell cycle, and impaired plastid division. Notwithstanding the apparent phenotypes, the function of CRL still remains elusive. To gain insight into the function of CRL, we examined whether CRL still retains the capacity to bind with the bacterial chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and its plant analog phytochromobilin (PΦB). The revealed structure of the CpcT domain of CRL is comparable to that of the CpcT lyase, despite the low sequence identity. The subsequent in vitro biochemical assays found, as shown for the CpcT lyase, that PCB/PΦB binds to the CRL dimer. However, some mutant forms of CRL, substantially compromised in their bilin‐binding ability, still restore the crl‐induced multiple lesions. These results suggest that although CRL retains the bilin‐binding pocket, it seems not functionally associated with the crl‐induced multiple lesions.
Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor
Authors: Bui Liem T. , Shukla Vinay , Giorgi Federico M. , Trivellini Alice , Perata Pierdomenico , Licausi Francesco , Giuntoli Beatrice 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPlants need to attune their stress responses to the ongoing developmental programmes to maximize their efficacy. For instance, successful submergence adaptation is often associated with a delicate balance between saving resources and their expenditure to activate measures that allow stress avoidance or attenuation. We observed a significant decrease in submergence tolerance associated with ageing in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a critical step between 2 and 3 weeks of post‐germination development. This sensitization to flooding was concomitant with the transition from juvenility to adulthood. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that a group of genes related to abscisic acid and oxidative stress response was more highly expressed in juvenile plants than in adult ones. These genes are induced by the endomembrane tethered transcription factor ANAC017 that was in turn activated by submergence‐associated oxidative stress. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses showed that these genes are located in genomic regions that move towards a heterochromatic state with adulthood, as marked by lysine 4 trimethylation of histone H3. We concluded that, while the mechanisms of flooding stress perception and signal transduction were unaltered between juvenile and adult phases, the sensitivity that these mechanisms set into action is integrated, via epigenetic regulation, into the developmental programme of the plant.