bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the range of applicability of the semi‐empirical ecosystem flux model PRELES for varying forest types and climate
Authors: Tian Xianglin , Minunno Francesco , Cao Tianjian , Peltoniemi Mikko , Kalliokoski Tuomo , Mäkelä Annikki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApplications of ecosystem flux models on large geographical scales are often limited by model complexity and data availability. Here we calibrated and evaluated a semi‐empirical ecosystem flux model, PREdict Light‐use efficiency, Evapotranspiration and Soil water (PRELES), for various forest types and climate conditions, based on eddy covariance data from 55 sites. A Bayesian approach was adopted for model calibration and uncertainty quantification. We applied the site‐specific calibrations and multisite calibrations to nine plant functional types (PFTs) to obtain the site‐specific and PFT‐specific parameter vectors for PRELES. A systematically designed cross‐validation was implemented to evaluate calibration strategies and the risks in extrapolation. The combination of plant physiological traits and climate patterns generated significant variation in vegetation responses and model parameters across but not within PFTs, implying that applying the model without PFT‐specific parameters is risky. But within PFT, the multisite calibrations performed as accurately as the site‐specific calibrations in predicting gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Moreover, the variations among sites within one PFT could be effectively simulated by simply adjusting the parameter of potential light‐use efficiency (LUE), implying significant convergence of simulated vegetation processes within PFT. The hierarchical modelling of PRELES provides a compromise between satellite‐driven LUE and physiologically oriented approaches for extrapolating the geographical variation of ecosystem productivity. Although measurement errors of eddy covariance and remotely sensed data propagated a substantial proportion of uncertainty or potential biases, the results illustrated that PRELES could reliably capture daily variations of GPP and ET for contrasting forest types on large geographical scales if PFT‐specific parameterizations were applied.
‘WAS GLÄNZT, DAS SIEHT’: MECHANISMS OF SURVEILLANCE AND OPPRESSION IN HERTA MÜLLER'S DER FUCHS WAR DAMALS SCHON DER JÄGER
Authors: Mallet Michel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the recurring themes of surveillance and oppression in Müller's novel Der Fuchs war damals schon der Jäger. Using Foucault's concept of the panoptic gaze, as well as art historian W. J. T. Mitchell's idea of the ‘hypericon’ as theoretical frames, it examines how Müller relies on the disruptive force of shiny details to expose and denounce mechanisms of surveillance and oppression in her novel. As implied in the novel's leitmotiv ‘Was glänzt, das sieht’, all things that shine and glitter help reveal the haunting effect of being monitored and threatened by the intrusive tactics of the Securitate, Romania's notorious secret police under Ceauşescu's dictatorial regime. By drawing attention to Müller's verbal imagery, and more specifically to the symbolic meaning which she grants to shiny, fragmented details in her novel, this article's aim is also to demonstrate how this procedure is yet another literary and aesthetic strategy used by Müller to further shatter and condemn totalitarian ideologies in her narratives.
Prognostic significance of suboptimal secondary prevention pharmacotherapy after acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Yudi Matias B. , Farouque Omar , Andrianopoulos Nick , Ajani Andrew E. , Brennan Angela , Murphy Alexandra C. , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Reid Christopher M. , Oqueli Ernesto , Sebastian Martin , Duffy Stephen J. , Clark David J. ,   Melbourne Interventional Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOptimal secondary prevention pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of post‐acute coronary syndrome (ACS) management. The prognostic impact of not receiving five guideline‐recommended therapies is poorly described.AimTo ascertain the prognostic significance of suboptimal pharmacotherapy in ACS survivors.MethodsConsecutive patients with ACS from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry who were alive at 30 days following their index percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Patients were divided into three categories based on the number of secondary prevention medications prescribed. The optimal medical therapy (OMT), near‐optimal medical therapy (NMT), suboptimal medical therapy (SMT) groups were prescribed 5, 4 and ≤ 3 medications, respectively. Primary endpoint was long‐term mortality. Cox‐proportional hazard modelling was undertaken to assess independent predictors of survival.ResultsOf the 9375 patients included, 5678 (60.6%) received OMT, 2903 (31.0%) received NMT and 794 (8.5%) received SMT. Patients receiving SMT were older, more likely to be female and had higher burden of comorbidities (renal impairment, congestive heart failure, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease; P < 0.01 for all). SMT was associated with higher long‐term mortality at 3.9 ± 2.2 years when compared to NMT and OMT (16.8% vs 10.5% vs 8.2%, P < 0.001). Compared to OMT, SMT was an independent predictor of long‐term mortality (hazard ratio, HR 1.62, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.30–2.02, P < 0.01) while NMT was associated with a clinically significant 14% mortality hazard (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.97–1.34, P = 0.11).ConclusionsThere is a graded long‐term hazard associated with not receiving OMT after an ACS. Improvements in secondary prevention pharmacotherapy models of care are warranted to further decrease the long‐term mortality.
Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor
Authors: Huang Dayu , Wei Yi , Dang Peipei , Xiao Xiao , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLaScO3:xBi3+,yTb3+,zEu3+ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO3:xBi3+,yTb3+,zEu3+ phosphors were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi3+ and Tb3+ to Eu3+ in LaScO3:xBi3+,yTb3+,zEu3+ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO3 host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light‐emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO3:0.02Bi3+,0.05Tb3+,zEu3+ and LaScO3:0.02Bi3+,0.03Eu3+,yTb3+. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO3:xBi3+, yTb3+, zEu3+ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO3:Bi3+,Eu3+ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum Sa and Sr are 0.118 K−1 (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K−1 (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO3:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.
Self‐reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in europium‐doped Li2B4O7 glass prepared in air
Authors: Sun Xin‐Yuan , Le Xian‐Chao , Xiao Zhuohao , Shi Xuhai , Wang Wen‐Feng , Hu Zuofu , Yang Qing‐Mei , Wei Rongfei , Guo Hai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivated by the detection of neutrons, europium‐doped Li2B4O7 glasses enriched with both lithium and boron elements with high cross‐section capture were developed. A highly effective method of realizing the self‐reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ ions in europium‐doped Li2B4O7 glasses prepared by high temperature melt‐quenching technology in air was revealed. The self‐reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ ions can be easily achieved by the partial replacement of B2O3 with BN within 2 mol% concentration. And the effect of partially replacing B2O3 with BN on the optical properties of europium‐doped Li2B4O7 glass are systematically studied by transmittance, photoluminescence, and radioluminescence spectra, together with the luminescence decay curves.
Quantification of grain boundary defect chemistry in a mixed proton‐electron conducting oxide composite
Authors: Burton George L. , Ricote Sandrine , Foran Brendan J. , Diercks David R. , Gorman Brian P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDual phase oxide membranes have shown promising hydrogen permeation fluxes in syngas applications due to their high mixed proton electron conduction (MPEC). However, the conductivity of grain boundaries can be many orders of magnitude lower than that of the bulk and so limits the total conductivity and hydrogen permeation. In this study, the three‐dimensional nanoscale oxygen and cation distributions around grain and phase boundaries in a BaCe0.8Y0.2O3‐δ‐Ce0.8Y0.2O2‐δ (BCY‐YDC) membrane were quantified by atom probe tomography (APT) and related to average grain boundary conductivity measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Segregation varied among the general high‐angle grain boundaries analyzed, but no trend from orientation analysis was determined. Correlative APT and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of one YDC grain boundary revealed composition and cerium valence information, respectively, allowing for the determination of vacancies at the grain boundary. While a specific MPEC membrane is characterized, the results are relevant to proton and electron conduction in a number of technologically important ceramics.
Assessing the validity of a learning analytics expectation instrument: A multinational study
Authors: Whitelock‐Wainwright Alexander , Gašević Dragan , Tsai Yi‐Shan , Drachsler Hendrik , Scheffel Maren , Muñoz‐Merino Pedro J. , Tammets Kairit , Delgado Kloos Carlos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo assist higher education institutions in meeting the challenge of limited student engagement in the implementation of Learning Analytics services, the Questionnaire for Student Expectations of Learning Analytics (SELAQ) was developed. This instrument contains 12 items, which are explained by a purported two‐factor structure of “Ethical and Privacy Expectations” and “Service Feature Expectations.” As it stands, however, the SELAQ has only been validated with students from UK university, which is problematic on account of the interest in Learning Analytics extending beyond this context. Thus, the aim of the current work was to assess whether the translated SELAQ can be validated in three contexts (an Estonian, a Spanish, and a Dutch University). The findings show that the model provided acceptable fits in both the Spanish and Dutch samples, but was not supported in the Estonian student sample. In addition, an assessment of local fit is undertaken for each sample, which provides important points that need to be considered in future work. Finally, a general comparison of expectations across contexts is undertaken, which are discussed in relation to the General Data Protection Regulation (2018).
New brief temperament guidance program for parents of infants: A pilot evaluation
Authors: Iverson Sydney L. , Desmarais Eric E. , Neumann Alyssa A. , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProblemIntensive temperament guidance programs have been successfully utilized to improve caregiver understanding of temperament and teach strategies for appropriately responding to temperament traits. However, the effects of providing brief psychoeducational temperament information to parents have not been previously examined.MethodsMothers of 3–12‐month infants (n = 35) participated in an intervention examining the impact of a comprehensive temperament brochure on temperament knowledge, program attitudes, and parent–child interactions.FindingsMothers demonstrated increased temperament knowledge and were generally accepting of the program. Behavioral changes in mother–child interactions were observed. Sensitivity increased, and interactions shifted from more parent‐directed to more balanced following the intervention. Infant gender functioned as a moderator of intervention effects for two mother–infant interaction dynamics. A significant increase in reciprocity was observed between mothers and boys, largely as a function of significantly lower levels of reciprocity preintervention. Child gender also interacted with directedness, in that interactions became more balanced for girls, but remained more mother‐directed with boys. Finally, maternal education functioned as a moderator of tempo, as mothers in the higher education group shifted from slower to moderate tempo following the intervention.ConclusionsPromising results suggest the need for continued implementation and evaluation of brief temperament interventions.
E2F4 functions as a tumour suppressor in acute myeloid leukaemia via inhibition of the MAPK signalling pathway by binding to EZH2
Authors: Feng Yubin , Li Lanlan , Du Yan , Peng Xiaoqing , Chen Feihu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive and mostly incurable haematological malignancy with frequent relapse after an initial response to standard chemotherapy. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently required to improve AML clinical outcome. Here, we aim to study the dysregulation of a particular transcription factor, E2F4, and its role in the progression of AML. In this study, human clinical data from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) revealed that increased E2F4 expression was associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. Moreover, the experimental results showed that E2F4 was aberrantly overexpressed in human AML patients and cell lines. Depletion of E2F4 inhibited the proliferation, induced the differentiation and suppressed the growth of AML cells in a nude mouse model. By contrast, overexpression of E2F4 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of AML cells in vitro. Additionally, E2F4 expression not only is positively correlated with EZH2 but also can bind to EZH2. RNA microarray results also showed that E2F4 can regulate MAPK signalling pathway. EZH2 can reverse the inhibitory effect of E2F4 silencing on MAPK signaling pathway. In summary, our data suggest that E2F4 may be a potential therapeutic target for AML therapy.
Developing a non‐sticky trap design for monitoring jewel beetles
Authors: Imrei Zoltán , Lohonyai Zsófia , Muskovits József , Matula Eszter , Vuts József , Fail József , Gould Philip J. L. , Birkett Michael A. , Tóth Miklós , Domingue Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need in Europe to prepare resources for the arrival of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Buprestidae, Coleoptera) from European Russia, and possibly other invasive jewel beetles. A lightweight, easy to handle, non‐sticky trap could facilitate monitoring and detection to derive information about emerald ash borer and other jewel beetle populations. In two experiments carried out over two consecutive years in an oak forest, a new non‐sticky multi‐funnel trap design with a light‐green (sometimes described as fluorescent yellow) visual cue was developed. Altogether, there were 238 (2018) and 194 (2019) specimens captured often (2018) and eight (2019) Agrilus species, eight of which are oak‐related and one (A. convexicollis) was linked to ash. The new light‐green multi‐funnel trap performed similarly to the sticky design with a similar coloured surface. Our results suggest that the new trap design may be suitable for catching a wide range of buprestid species. It may also have the potential to be further optimized with respect to visual and olfactory cues, which would provide an even more useful tool for monitoring both invasive and indigenous buprestids.
Hepatic Coccidiosis in Triportheus angulatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Characiformes: Triportheidae), a Tropical Fish from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, with the Description of a New Species of Calyptospora (Apicomplexa: Calyptosporidae)
Authors: Silva Marcelo F. , Orlanda José Fábio F. , Araújo‐Costa Maria Josinete , Hamoy Igor , Matos Edilson 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatic infection involving a parasite of the family Calyptosporidae was recorded in characiform fish from the Tocantins river in the Brazilian Amazon region. In the present study, an integrated comparative analysis of morphological characteristics, histological and structural traits, and the sequence of a partial fragment of the SSUrRNA gene provides support for the identification of a new calyptosporid species, found parasitising the hepatic tissue of the fish Triportheus angulatus, collected from the Tocantins River. This new species was named Calyptospora gonzaguensis n. sp. and had ovoid oocysts with a diameter of 19.6 ± 1.4 μm and four peripheral sporocysts, 9.2 ± 0.6 μm long and 3.9 ± 0.2 μm wide, enveloped individually in fine adhesive membrane, composed of an ellipsoid body and posterior extension, with a mean length of 2.2 ± 0.4 μm.
In vivo antitumour activity of Britanin against gastric cancer through nuclear factor-κB-mediated immune response
Authors: Shi Keru , Liu Xinyue , Du Getao , Cai Xiaoxia , Zhan Yonghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Britanin was explored for the antitumour effect on gastric cancer, which is a sesquiterpene lactone (SL) extracted from Inula japonica.

Methods
In the present study, cell viability assays were performed to evaluate the antiproliferation effect of Britanin on gastric cancer cells. Tumour development in BGC-823 cell-bearing nude mice was monitored in real-time after Britanin treatment via a bioluminescent imaging method. Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected proteins associated with the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway.

Key findings
Britanin can suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and the growth of tumours in vivo. In the treatment group, decreased levels of p65 and phosphorylated (p)-p65 were observed. This indicated that NF-κB plays an important role in the antitumour effect of Britanin. Furthermore, considering the additional role of NF-κB in the immune system, the levels of the downstream molecules interleukin (IL)-2 and the cytokine IL-10 were subsequently determined in vivo. An increase in the IL-2 level and a decrease in the IL-10 level indicated that Britanin elicited an enhanced immune response.

Conclusions
Britanin may be a promising candidate for gastric cancer chemotherapy, and its anticancer effect likely depends on an NF-κB-mediated immune response.
Development of prednisone resistance in naïve canine lymphoma: Longitudinal evaluation of NR3C1α, ABCB1, and 11β‐HSD mRNA expression
Authors: Hanot Camille C. , Mealey Katrina L. , Fidel Janean L. , Burke Neal S. , White Laura A. , Sellon Rance K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrednisone resistance develops rapidly and essentially universally when dogs with lymphoma are treated with corticosteroids. We investigated naturally occurring mechanisms of prednisone resistance in seven dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma, treated with oral prednisone; four dogs were administered concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy. Expression of NR3C1α, ABCB1 (formerly MDR1), 11β‐HSD1, and 11β‐HSD2 mRNA was evaluated in neoplastic lymph nodes by real‐time RT‐PCR. Changes of expression levels at diagnosis and at time of clinical resistance to prednisone were compared longitudinally using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Clinical resistance to prednisone was observed after a median of 68 days (range: 7–348 days) after initiation of treatment. Relative to pretreatment samples, prednisone resistance was associated with decreased NR3C1α expression in biopsies of all dogs with high‐grade lymphoma (six dogs, p=.031); one dog with indolent T‐zone lymphoma had increased expression of NR3C1α. Resistance was not consistently associated with changes in ABCB1, 11β‐HSD1, or 11β‐HSD2 expression. Decreased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1α) may play a role in conferring resistance to prednisone in dogs with lymphoma. Results do not indicate a broad role for changes in expression of ABCB1, 11β‐HSD1, and 11β‐HSD2 in the emergence of prednisone resistance in lymphoma‐bearing dogs.
Disease severity and proton pump inhibitor use impact strongest on faecal microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Stadlbauer Vanessa , Komarova Irina , Klymiuk Ingeborg , Durdevic Marija , Reisinger Alexander , Blesl Andreas , Rainer Florian , Horvath Angela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsCompositional changes of the faecal microbiome in cirrhosis are well described and have been associated with complications and prognosis. However, it is less well known, which disease or treatment‐related factors affect microbiome composition most distinctively.Methods16S rDNA sequencing data of 88 cirrhotic outpatients were investigated. Factors influencing microbiome composition were analysed by univariate and multivariate redundancy analysis. The association of the identified factors with changes in diversity and taxonomic composition was studied in depth using analysis of composition of microbiome, LDA‐effect size and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularized regression.ResultsDisease severity and aetiology, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, nutritional status, age and C‐reactive protein are significant explanatory variables for faecal microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis. Despite some taxonomic overlaps especially between disease severity and PPI use, we could show that the effects of disease severity, aetiology, PPI use and age are independent factors influencing microbiome composition also in subgroup analyses.ConclusionOur cross sectional system biology study identifies disease severity, aetiology, PPI use and age as independent factors that influence microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis. In chronic diseases with high morbidity, such as liver cirrhosis, precise patient metadata documentation is of utmost importance in microbiome analysis. Further studies with a higher sample size are necessary to validate this finding.Trial Registration Number: NCT01607528
Sky islands as foci for divergence of fig trees and their pollinators in southwest China
Authors: Deng Jun‐Yin , Fu Rong‐Hua , Compton Stephen G. , Liu Mei , Wang Qin , Yuan Chuan , Zhang Lu‐Shui , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of populations and their divergence over time have shaped current levels of biodiversity and in the case of the “sky islands” of mountainous southwest (SW) China have resulted in an area of exceptional botanical diversity. Ficus tikoua is a prostrate fig tree subendemic to the area that displays unique intraspecific diversity, producing figs typical of different pollination modes in different parts of its range. By combining climate models, genetic variation in populations of the tree's obligate fig wasp pollinators and distributions of the different plant phenotypes, we examined how this unusual situation may have developed. We identified three genetically distinct groups of a single Ceratosolen pollinator species that have largely parapatric distributions. The complex topography of the region contributed to genetic divergence among the pollinators by facilitating geographical isolation and providing refugia. Migration along elevations in response to climate oscillations further enhanced genetic differentiation of the three pollinator groups. Their distributions loosely correspond to the distributions of the functionally significant morphological differences in the male figs of their host plants, but postglacial expansion of one group has not been matched by spread of its associated plant phenotype, possibly due to a major river barrier. The results highlight how interplay between the complex topography of the “sky island” complex and climate change has shaped intraspecies differentiation and relationships between the plant and its pollinator. Similar processes may explain the exceptional botanical diversity of SW China.