bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Characterization of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using Laboratory Setup
Authors: Sui Dan , Vidaur Juan Carlos Martinez 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The automation towards drilling fluid properties’ measurement has been pursued in the recent years in order to increase drilling efficiency with less human intervention. Adequately monitoring and adjusting density and rheology of drilling fluids are fundamental responsibilities of mud engineers. In this study, experimental tests that automatically characterize fluids were conducted. The basic objective is to measure the differential pressures along two sections of the pipes: one horizontal section and one vertical section. Using such measuring data, mathematical algorithms are then proposed to estimate fluids’ density and subsequently viscosity with respect to flow regimes, laminar and turbulence. The results were compared and validated with the values measured on rotational rheometers. With the help of models and numerical schemes, the work presented in the paper reveals a good opportunity to improve the accuracy and precision of continuous-measuring and monitoring fluids’ properties.
Post-combustion artificial neural network modeling of nickel-producing multiple hearth furnace
Authors: Góngora Deynier Montero , Van Caneghem Jo , Haeseldonckx Dries , Leyva Ever Góngora , Mendoza Mercedes Ramírez , Dutta Abhishek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a nickel-producing multiple hearth furnace, there is a problem associated to the automatic operation of the temperature control loops in two of the hearths, since the same flow of air is split into two branches. A neural model of the post-combustion sub-process is built and served to increase the process efficiency of the industrial furnace. Data was taken for a three-months operating time period to identify the main variables characterizing the process and a model of multilayer perceptron type is built. For the validation of this model, process data from a four-months operating time period in 2018 was used and prediction errors based on a measure of closeness in terms of a mean square error criterion measured through its weights for the temperature of two of the hearths (four and six) versus the air flow to these hearths. Based on a rigorous testing and analysis of the process, the model is capable of predicting the temperature of hearth four and six with errors of 0.6 and 0.3 °C, respectively. In addition, the emissions by high concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases are reduced, thus contributing to the health of the ecosystem.
Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene using NiMoWS catalysts supported on Al–Mg and Ti–Mg mixed oxides
Authors: Peña-Obeso Pablo Jahir , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Arroyo-Albiter Manuel , Guevara-Martínez Santiago José , Leyva Carolina , Cervantes-Gaxiola Maritza E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, two series of trimetallic NiMoW sulfide catalysts supported on Al–Mg(x) and Ti–Mg(x) mixed oxides with different content of MgO (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of MgO) were synthesized. The mixed oxides and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N2 physisorption and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS UV–Vis); and evaluated during the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reaction. The NiMoW/Al–Mg catalysts showed a higher dispersion of Ni, Mo and W species than NiMoW/Ti–Mg catalysts resulting in higher catalytic activities. Catalysts with 10 wt.% of MgO showed the highest catalytic activity for both series of catalysts. Most of the synthesized catalysts exhibited higher activities than NiMoWS/Al–Ti reference catalyst. The present comparison study clearly showed that NiMoW/Al–Mg and NiMoW/Ti–Mg catalyst with 10 wt.% of MgO might be a promising and effective catalyst for the HDS-DBT reaction.
Shrinking the surface plasmon
Authors: Yang Fan , Ding Kun , Pendry John Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface plasmons at an interface between dielectric and metal regions can in theory be made arbitrarily compact normal to the interface by introducing extreme anisotropy in the material parameters. We propose a metamaterial structure comprising a square array of gold cylinders and tune the filling factor to achieve the material parameters we seek. Theory is compared to a simulation wherein the unit cell dimensions of the metamaterial are shown to be the limiting factor in the degree of localisation achieved.
Petroarcheometric Analysis on Obsidian Artefacts Found Within Some Neolithic – Eneolithic Period Caves of Southern Italy
Authors: Acquafredda Pasquale , Larocca Felice , Minelli Antonella , Pallara Mauro , Micheletti Francesca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last twenty years, obsidian artefacts have been found in important and often extensive karst cavities in Southern Italy: three located in Calabria (Grotta della Monaca, and Grotta del Tesauro, in Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza; Grotta Pietra Sant’Angelo in San Lorenzo Bellizzi, Cosenza), one in Puglia (Grotta di Santa Barbara in Polignano a Mare, Bari) and another in Campania (Grotta di Polla, Salerno). All these sites, that have returned a total of 151 obsidian tools, were connected to human frequentation of the underground environments that occurred during the Holocene, which can be precisely located in the vast period between the Neolithic and the Eneolithic (6th–4th millennium BC). They are mainly blades and bladelets, but also burins together with scrapers and cores, generally of small dimensions. SEM-EDS and WD-XRF absolutely non-destructive analyses carried out on these items have shown that all samples have a source area in the obsidian outcrops of the island of Lipari (Messina, Italy). These data confirm that the Aeolian island of Lipari furnished the privileged obsidian extraction outcrops for most of the Neolithic and Eneolithic archaeological sites of Southern Italy.
Towards Democratic Consolidation? Ukraine After the Revolution of Dignity
Authors: Terzyan Aram 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the challenges and opportunities of post-Maidan Ukraine’s democratic consolidation, with a focus on its attitudinal, behavioral and institutional dimensions.The study suggests that Ukraine’s transition from a hybrid regime to a consolidated democracy involves addressing a series of societal and institutional issues, ranging from transformation of paternalistic culture to institutional development of political parties and civil society organizations (CSO). Institutionalization is essential for shifting from charismatic appeal or rule to well-established institutions that translate leader’s vision into policies sustained by appropriate structures, rules, and procedures. The study enquires into the intricacies of democratic consolidation in post-Soviet countries, amid constraining conditions stemming from deep-rooted authoritarian legacies.
The Problem of Arbitrary Creation for Impassibility
Authors: Mullins R. T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a particular question that has plagued classical Christian theism over the centuries. What reason could God have for creating a universe? In this article, I shall articulate the unique claims of classical theism that other rival models of God lack. I shall argue that classical theism’s unique commitments entail that God cannot create the universe for a reason. Thus, any nonclassical model of God can claim to have the advantage over classical theism because they can affirm that God creates the universe for a reason. In Section 1, I shall articulate classical theism. In Section 2, I shall lay the groundwork for the debate by explaining what a reason is and what a creation is. In Section 3, I shall argue that a classical theist cannot affirm that God creates the universe for a reason, thus conflicting with God’s perfect rationality.
Optimal control for generating excited state expansion in ring potential
Authors: Yu Hoon , Kim Seung Jin , Kim Jung Bog 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe applied an optimal control algorithm to an ultra-cold atomic system for constructing an atomic Sagnac interferometer in a ring trap. We constructed a ring potential on an atom chip by using an RF-dressed potential. A field gradient along the radial direction in a ring trap known as the dimple-ring trap is generated by using an additional RF field. The position of the dimple is moved by changing the phase of the RF field [1]. For Sagnac interferometers, we suggest transferring Bose–Einstein condensates to a dimple-ring trap and shaking the dimple potential to excite atoms to the vibrational-excited state of the dimple-ring potential. The optimal control theory is used to find a way to shake the dimple-ring trap for an excitation. After excitation, atoms are released from the dimple-ring trap to a ring trap by adiabatically turning off the additional RF field, and this constructs a Sagnac interferometer when opposite momentum components are overlapped. We also describe the simulation to construct the interferometer.
Comparison of Test Methodologies for Computing Bending and Shear Stiffness of Cross-Laminated Timber
Authors: Hematabadi Hojat , Hindman Daniel P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Current testing methods for evaluating the out-of-plane bending and shear stiffness terms of cross-laminated timber (CLT) materials use a relatively long span panel. When new CLT layups and composites are proposed, especially when manufactured from pilot-scale facilities, the length requirement may be a barrier for material property evaluation. The purpose of this paper was to compare current bending and shear stiffness test methods of CLT with alternative forms, including a simultaneous calculation method and the five-point bending test, which uses a shorter beam than current testing methods. Both experimental evaluation and finite element modeling of the mechanical properties were used to compare the proposed test methods. In general, numerical and experimental results demonstrated that effective bending stiffness (EIeff) values of CLT panels evaluated by different test methods were similar (maximum 12.7 % difference). Effective bending and shear stiffness values from the finite element method (FEM) agreed with experimental results. FEM demonstrated that both the simultaneous solution and the five-point bending test can be used as alternative test methods for evaluation of the bending and shear stiffness for CLTs. However, the effective shear stiffness values of CLTs from current industry standards were at least 450 % less than both the experimental evaluation and FEM prediction.
Characterization of Intrinsic ΔKth to Support Crack Growth Estimates under Spectrum Loading in the HCF/VHCF Domain
Authors: Sunder R. , Koraddi Ramesh , Chandra Vishwas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Closure-free intrinsic threshold stress intensity, ΔKth,i, can vary significantly depending on near-tip residual stress, σ*. σ* is a computed parameter that is sensitive to hysteretic stress–strain crack-tip response to applied load history. The test procedure developed in earlier work to characterize ΔKth,i as a function of σ* was optimized and validated on three different materials, demonstrating both consistent estimates of ΔKth,i as well as its unique relationship with σ*. A detailed description of the improved test procedure is provided to enable implementation on a target test system. Establishment of the ΔKth,i versus σ* relationship permits improved estimates of extended duration spectrum load fatigue crack growth associated with high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF). The test procedure to characterize this relationship merits adoption as a standard test practice given the promise of bridging a longstanding gap between laboratory test techniques and requirements of residual crack growth life estimates under long-duration spectrum loading.
OTX2 Non-Cell Autonomous Activity Regulates Inner Retinal Function
Authors: Torero Ibad Raoul , Mazhar Bilal , Vincent Clémentine , Bernard Clémence , Dégardin Julie , Simonutti Manuel , Lamonerie Thomas , Di Nardo Ariel A. , Prochiantz Alain , Moya Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOTX2 is a homeoprotein transcription factor expressed in photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina. OTX2, like many other homeoproteins, transfers between cells and exerts non-cell autonomous effects such as promoting the survival of retinal ganglion cells that do not express the protein. Here we used a genetic approach to target extracellular OTX2 in the retina by conditional expression of a secreted single-chain anti-OTX2 antibody. Compared with control mice, the expression of this antibody by parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the retina is followed by a reduction in visual acuity in 1-month-old mice with no alteration of the retinal structure or cell type number or aspect. The a-waves and b-waves measured by electroretinogram were also indistinguishable from those of control mice, suggesting no functional deficit of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Mice expressing the OTX2-neutralizing antibody did show a significant doubling in the flicker amplitude and a reduction in oscillatory potential, consistent with a change in inner retinal function. Our results show that interferingin vivowith OTX2 non-cell autonomous activity in the postnatal retina leads to an alteration in inner retinal cell functions and causes a deficit in visual acuity.
Low Base-Substitution Mutation Rate but High Rate of Slippage Mutations in the Sequence Repeat-Rich Genome of Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Kucukyildirim Sibel , Behringer Megan , Sung Way , Brock Debra A , Doak Thomas G , Mergen Hatice , Queller David C , Strassmann Joan E , Lynch Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We describe the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations for the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a key model organism in molecular, cellular, evolutionary and developmental biology. Whole-genome sequencing of 37 mutation accumulation lines of D. discoideum after an average of 1,500 cell divisions yields a base-substitution mutation rate of 2.47 × 10−11 per site per generation, substantially lower than that of most eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, and of the same order of magnitude as in the ciliates Paramecium tetraurelia and Tetrahymena thermophila. Known for its high genomic AT content and abundance of simple sequence repeats, we observe that base-substitution mutations in D. discoideum are highly A/T biased. This bias likely contributes both to the high genomic AT content and to the formation of simple sequence repeats in the AT-rich genome of Dictyostelium discoideum. In contrast to the situation in other surveyed unicellular eukaryotes, indel rates far exceed the base-substitution mutation rate in this organism with a high proportion of 3n indels, particularly in regions without simple sequence repeats. Like ciliates, D. discoideum has a large effective population size, reducing the power of random genetic drift, magnifying the effect of selection on replication fidelity, in principle allowing D. discoideum to evolve an extremely low base-substitution mutation rate.
The Probable Metapelite Nature of Sapphirine–Spinel and Garnet Gedritites of the Aulandzha Block of the Omolon Massif
Authors: Avchenko O.V. , Chudnenko K.V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
—Unique magnesian–aluminous ultrabasic sapphirine–spinel and garnet gedritites of the Aulandzha block were studied. The deepest part of the Archean Stage of the Omolon massif is exposed in this district. The gedritites differ strongly in petrochemistry and geochemistry from other metaultramafites of this block. The difference is in their enrichment in alumina, zirconium, barium, rubidium, hafnium, and uranium and depletion in calcium and heavy rare-earth elements. The oxidizing potential in the sapphirine–spinel assemblage, estimated by physicochemical modeling, showed high oxygen fugacity in these rocks, close to the value of the magnetite–hematite buffer, which was never observed in ancient granulite complexes. The above petro- and geochemical features of the gedritites of the Aulandzha block, having an isotopic age of 1.9 Ga, are explained by the fact that these rocks are probably the crust of weathering of the enclosing metaultramafites. If this hypothesis is true, then the above rocks may indicate that the oxygen potential on the Earth’s surface corresponded to the magnetite–hematite buffer as early as the Paleoproterozoic.
Stages of Volcanic Activity on the Southeastern Flank of the Sredinny Range (Kamchatka): Age, Geochemistry, and Isotopic Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks of the Akhtang and Kostina Mountain Massifs
Authors: Volynets A.O. , Pevzner M.M. , Lebedev V.A. , Kuscheva Yu.V. , Gol’tsman Yu.V. , Kostitsin Yu.A. , Tolstykh M.L. , Babansky A.D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
—We report the chemical and isotopic compositions of volcanic rocks of the Akhtang and Kostina mountain massifs in the Sredinny Range, Kamchatka. The analyzed rocks are similar in composition to the earlier studied volcanics of the eastern flank of the southern part of the Sredinny Range. Results of K–Ar isotope dating reveal three stages of volcanic activity in the two massifs. These stages are divided by long (1.4 and 2.4 Ma) periods of quiescence. In the Akhtang massif, the eruptive activity was at 4.9–4.0, 1.9–1.7, and 0.3–0.2 Ma, and in the Mt. Kostina massif, at ~8.0, 5.6–4.9, and ~3.5 Ma. Two early stages of both massifs are characterized by the eruption of island arc type rocks, and the late stage, by the eruption of rocks of hybrid geochemical type. The Mio-Pliocene (N1–N21) rocks of the Mt. Kostina massif are similar in geochemical features to the early Pliocene (N21) rocks of the Akhtang massif, and the late Pliocene (N22) lavas of the former massif are similar to the middle Quaternary (Q2) rocks of the superimposed monogenetic volcanism zone of the latter massif. For the Akhtang massif it has been first discovered that the volcanic reactivation after the long quiescence periods was accompanied by a change in the composition of rocks and in the type of eruptive activity (from the eruption of plateau-effusives rocks to the formation of stratovolcanoes and monogenetic volcanism zones). The obtained data on the age and composition of rocks as well as some morphological features of the studied massifs suggest that the plateau-effusive rocks of the Sredinny Range might be related to central-type eruptions.
МЕМОРІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ГОЛОКОСТУ В ОСТРОЗІ: МІСЦЯ І ПРОСТОРИ ПАМ’ЯТІ ТА (КО)МЕМОРАТИВНІ ПРАКТИКИ РОБОТИ З НИМИ
Authors: Semeryn Khrystyna 
Published: July 2020

Під час Голокосту в містечку Острог на Рівненщині було знищено більшість єврейської спільноти, що становила від 64 до 70 % тодішнього населення й існувала з кінця XIV ст. Фактично, структуру міста було зруйновано, а його полікультурну історію – розірвано. Після війни тоталітарна політика совєтського режиму позбавляла матеріальні медії пам’яті про минуле соціокультурного змісту й автентичності. У статті розглянуто окремі місця пам’яті про Катастрофу, їх стан сьогодні, а також сучасні меморативні практики і форми роботи з ними. Давній Острозький єврейський цвинтар після війни було перетворено на совєтський парк відпочинку. Місце розстрілу острозьких євреїв спочатку визначали через формулу загальної ідентичності «жителів», без уваги до того, що нацисти переважно знищили саме євреїв через їхнє походження. Велика Синагога довгий час була складом, а відтак перетворилася на руїну. Могилу Маршуе спаплюжили, а поступово відновили тільки в період незалежності України. Звернуто увагу на різні форми вандалізму: викидання сміття, руйнування могил і сакральних споруд, «нацистські» графіті, якими досі паплюжать єврейську спадщину Острога. Позитивно, що основні місця пам’яті сьогодні відновлені або перебувають у стані реставрації, а робота з ними охоплює широкий спектр практик: перфоманси вшанування, реставрація й відбудування, освітні й туристичні заходи, опрацювання джерел, документів, мап, розшифрування текстів і написів, пошуки могил тощо. Не меншу вагу має вироблення відповідної адекватної політики, спрямованої на збереження пам’яті про втрачену ідентичність міста і міжкультурне порозуміння, розвиток толерантності й соціальної свідомості.
Initial Validation of GRASP: A Differential Diagnoses Algorithm for Children With Medical Complexity and an Unknown Source of Pain
Authors: Morse Brenna L. , Solodiuk Jean C. , Greco Christine D. , Mauskar Sangeeta , Hauer Julie 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:Identifying the source of pain for children with medical complexity (MC) is challenging. The purpose of this study was the initial validation of a tool to guide the medical evaluation for identifying the source of pain in children with MC by using differential diagnoses. The tool is entitled Guidelines for Ruling Out and Assessing Source of Pain (GRASP).METHODS:A mixed-methods approach that included expert review, focus groups, Web-based surveys, and a trial of the GRASP was used to determine validity as well as perceived clinical utility.RESULTS:Focus groups were held with 26 inpatient and outpatient clinicians. Participants consistently responded in support of the GRASP. Participants advised several suggestions for tool organization such as designing the tool as a flow diagram. Seven clinicians participated in Web-based surveys and made specific suggestions for making the GRASP more comprehensive. Six participants trialed the GRASP for 14 children with MC and pain of unknown origin. Overall, participants found that the GRASP was a clinically effective tool for guiding medical evaluation.CONCLUSIONS:These results provide preliminary evidence that the GRASP has content and face validity in evaluating the source of pain in children with MC. This tool can be used to systematically guide clinicians through a balanced approach to evaluation with a goal of determining the pain source, preventing harm, and relieving suffering without unnecessary tests.
Transitioning Children With Medical Complexity From Hospital to Home Health Care: Implications for Hospital-Based Clinicians
Authors: Nageswaran Savithri , Sebesta Megyn R. , Golden Shannon L. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:
There is limited research about best practices for transitioning children with medical complexity (CMC) from hospital to home. Our objectives were to describe issues related to transitioning CMC from hospital to home health care and identify strategies to improve this transition.

METHODS:
This qualitative study was conducted in western North Carolina between 2012 and 2014 and involved a focus group of 14 hospital- and community-based stakeholders and 4 focus groups of 18 home health nurses. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and transcriptions were managed in ATLAS.ti software. By using content analysis, recurrent themes related to transitioning CMC from hospital to home were identified.

RESULTS:
Themes in 4 domains emerged. (1) Home health orders: home health care providers desired hospital-based providers to write accurate and specific orders, notify them in advance about discharge to order specialized supplies, and avoid changing orders at the last minute. (2) Communication: participants found discharge summaries useful but did not always receive them. Communication between hospital-based clinicians, home health care providers, and the child’s primary care physician about the hospitalization and home care was important. (3) Resources: home health care providers needed hospital-based clinicians to be a resource during the early period of transition home. (4) Caregiver preparation: participants emphasized caregiver preparation about medical care of CMC, home health nursing, and the differences between hospital and home care practices in the care of CMC.

CONCLUSIONS:
There are gaps in the system of transitional care of CMC. Potential strategies to improve transitional care of CMC between the hospital and home health care services exist.