bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of «BIG FOUR» auditing firms in the public procurement market in Ukraine
Authors: Antoniuk Olena , Kuzyk Natalya , Zhurakovska Iryna , Sydorenko Roman , Sakhno Liudmyla 
Published: November 2020

The authors conducted a study aimed to identify the role of «Big Four» («Big 4») audit firms in the public procurement market in Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to answer the questions: whether Ukraine is in a general trend of most countries in the concentration of audit market; what is the share of revenues of the «Big Four» audit firms in the performance of audit services in the public procurement system in Ukraine. First of all, in order to get answers to these questions, the authors conducted a study of the main trends in the development of the «Big Four» companies in Ukraine. It was found that the characteristic competitive environment in the market of audit services, the impact on competitiveness of pricing policy and regulatory requirements, relating to the acquisition of audit services by public sector entities through a public procurement system "ProZorro". An element of price regulation and compliance with the transparent conditions of the competitive environment is the participation of audit firms in the public procurement system. As a result of processing data on procurement of audit services for the period 2008-2019, the authors calculated key indicators that characterize the concentration of the audit market. Based on the data on the amount of remuneration for various types of audit services using the public procurement system "ProZorro", aspects of pricing policy and the role of the companies of the "Big Four" in the market were established. The values indexes indicate that the companies of the «Big 4» do not have a complete monopoly in the segment of procurement of audit services, having certain dominant positions in some years, and the indexes indicate a trend towards effective competition in the audit services market in Ukraine.
Comparison of Military Recruit and Incumbent Physical Characteristics and Performance: Potential Implications for Through-Career Individual Readiness and Occupational Performance
Authors: Drain Jace R. , Debenedictis Thomas , Bulmer Sean , Michael Scott 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drain, JR, Debenedictis, T, Bulmer, S, and Michael, S. comparison of military recruit and incumbent physical characteristics and performance: Potential implications for through-career individual readiness and occupational performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2536–2543, 2022—After basic military training, physical training practices among incumbent personnel differ substantially, potentially precipitating varied physical capacity and operational readiness. The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to compare physical characteristics and physical performance between recruits and incumbent personnel. Data were collected for 222 army recruits (REC: 197 men/25 women) nearing completion of basic training and 280 incumbent army personnel from combat arms (CA: 142 men) and noncombat arms trades (NCA: 113 men/25 women). Height, mass, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded together with performance measures including predicted V̇o
2max and 1 repetition maximum box lift. Compared with REC, male incumbents were older (21.8 ± 0.6 vs. 27.6 ± 1.2 years; mean ± 95% confidence interval), had greater body mass (77.6 ± 1.3 vs. 82.6 ± 1.5 kg) and BMI (24.2 ± 0.3 vs. 25.8 ± 0.5 kg·m−2), similar relative V̇o
2max, and lower box lift (49.7 ± 1.4 vs. 47.2 ± 2.4 kg). Male CA demonstrated greatest physical performance while male NCA demonstrated the highest BMI and poorest physical performance. Compared with REC, female incumbents were older (22.8 ± 1.6 vs. 31.9 ± 4.4 years), had similar body mass, higher BMI (24.1 ± 0.7 vs. 26.1 ± 2.4 kg·m−2), as well as lower V̇o
2max (42.0 ± 1.3 vs. 37.9 ± 2.1 ml·kg·−1·min−1) and box lift (27.8 ± 2.1 vs. 23.3 ± 2.4 kg). More than 97% of men and approximately 75% of women were able to achieve the box lift and V̇o
2max baseline standards. The older age category (26 + vs. 18–25 years) typically demonstrated higher BMI and lower physical performance. Through-career maintenance of physical capacity is important for military personnel to support individual readiness and occupational performance, preserve health, and mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk.
Muscle-Specific Contributions to Lower Extremity Net Joint Moments While Squatting With Different External Loads
Authors: Kipp Kristof , Kim Hoon , Wolf William I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kipp, K, Kim, H, and Wolf, WI. Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 324–331, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments (NJMs) during squats with different external loads. Nine healthy subjects performed sets of the back squat exercise with 0, 25, 50, and 75% of body mass as an added external load. Motion capture and force plate data were used to calculate NJMs and to estimate individual muscle forces via static optimization. Individual muscle forces were multiplied by their respective moment arms to calculate the resulting muscle-specific joint moment. Statistical parametric mapping (α = 0.05) was used to determine load-dependent changes in the time series data of NJMs and muscle-specific joint moments. Hip, knee, and ankle NJMs all increased across each load condition. The joint extension moments created by the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles at the hip, by the vastii muscles at the knee, and by the soleus at the ankle all increased across most load conditions. Concomitantly, the flexion moment created by the hamstring muscles at the knee also increased across most load conditions. However, the ratio between joint moments created by the vastii and hamstring muscles at the knee did not change across load. Similarly, the ratio between joint moments created by the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles at the hip did not change across load. Collectively, the results highlight how individual muscles contribute to NJMs, identify which muscles contribute to load-dependent increases in NJMs, and suggest that joint moment production among synergistic and antagonistic muscles remains constant as external load increases.
Higher Peak Fat Oxidation During Rowing vs. Cycling in Active Men and Women
Authors: Astorino Todd A. , Oriente Chandler , Peterson Jill , Alberto Giannina , Castillo Erica Elena , Vasquez-Soto Ulices , Ibarra Esmerelda , Guise Victoria , Castaneda Ivan , Marroquin Joel R. , Dargis Rachel , Thum Jacob S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Astorino, TA, Oriente, C, Peterson, J, Alberto, G, Castillo, EE, Vasquez-Soto, U, Ibarra, E, Guise, V, Castaneda, I, Marroquin, JR, Dargis, R, and Thum, JS. Higher peak fat oxidation during rowing vs. cycling in active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 9–15, 2021—This study compared fat and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOOx) between progressive rowing and cycling. Initially, 22 active healthy adults (age = 27 ± 8 years) performed incremental cycling and rowing to volitional fatigue to assess maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax). The order of 2 subsequent sessions was randomized, performed 2 hours postmeal, and included a warm-up followed by three 8-minute stages of rowing or cycling at 60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 %HRmax. During exercise, power output was modified to maintain work rate in the desired range. Gas exchange data and blood samples were obtained to measure fat and CHOOx and blood lactate concentration. Fat oxidation (FOx) increased during exercise (p < 0.001) and there was a main effect of mode (p = 0.03) but no modeXintensity interaction (p = 0.33). Peak FOx was higher in response to rowing vs. cycling (0.23 ± 0.09 g·min−1 vs. 0.18 ± 0.07 g·min−1, p = 0.01). Carbohydrate oxidation increased during exercise (p < 0.001) but there was no effect of mode (p = 0.25) or modeXintensity interaction (p = 0.08). Blood lactate concentration was lower (p = 0.007) at the end of rowing vs. cycling (3.1 ± 1.0 mM vs. 3.9 ± 1.6 mM, d = 1.1). Prolonged rowing having equivalent calorie expenditure and intensity vs. cycling elicits higher peak FOx, which is likely attributed to greater muscle mass used during rowing.
Coronavirus Disease-19 Quarantine Is More Detrimental Than Traditional Off-Season on Physical Conditioning of Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Grazioli Rafael , Loturco Irineu , Baroni Bruno M. , Oliveira Gabriel S. , Saciura Vasyl , Vanoni Everton , Dias Rafael , Veeck Filipe , Pinto Ronei S. , Cadore Eduardo L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grazioli, R, Loturco, I, Baroni, BM, Oliveira, GS, Saciura, V, Vanoni, E, Dias, R, Veeck, F, Pinto, RS, and Cadore, EL. Coronavirus disease-19 quarantine is more detrimental than traditional off-season on physical conditioning of professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3316–3320, 2020—Beyond the severe health crisis, the coronavirus disease 2019 has also affected the high-performance sports scenario. In soccer, practitioners are concerned about the effects of long-term detraining on players' conditioning, and caution is required when activities return. This study assessed body composition, jump and sprint performance, hamstring eccentric strength, and intermittent cardiorespiratory fitness of 23 male professional soccer players who returned to training activities after 63 days of quarantine. The results were compared with their physical condition assessed before a pre-season phase as soon as they returned to training after a regular 24-day off-season period. In comparison with after off-season assessments, the quarantine induced significant increases in body mass, body fat mass, 10- and 20-m sprint times as well as decreases in countermovement jump height (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in hamstring eccentric strength, squat jump height, and cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). In summary, we showed that 63 days of quarantine impaired several physical performance measures compared with regular off-season in soccer players. Given the present results, special attention should be given to body composition–related and speed power–related capabilities after long-term detraining in professional soccer.
Characterization of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells from joints with osteochondritis dissecans
Authors: Rao Shama , Shetty Siddharth , Nitilapura Narendra , Shetty Veena , Parashiva Guruprasad Kanive , Basavarajappa Mohana Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a pathologic condition that occurs in children as well as adults. OCD is often managed based on the extent of ischemia and the stage of the disease. Synovial tissue collected during an arthroscopic procedure might serve as an ideal source for autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a potential for regenerative medicine of cartilage. Therefore, the present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the potency characteristics of synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) from joints with OCD for prospective autologous therapy.
Methods: Primary culture of SMSCs was established and basic cellular properties, such as morphology, growth kinetics and clonal propagation ability, were analyzed. The expression of phenotypic markers, including CD29, CD44, CD90, CD34 and CD45, was assessed by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Mesodermal differentiation into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes was performed using standard protocols. Expression of chondrocyte-specific markers was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: Isolated SMSCs displayed fibroblast-like morphology with > 95% cell viability and had high proliferative rates with a shorter doubling time. The cells showed positive expression of CD29, CD44 and CD90, but were negative for CD34 and CD45 markers. Upon induction, SMSCs were successfully differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chondrogenesis was more prominent in SMSCs than osteogenesis. Chondrogenesis was further confirmed by the expression of aggrecan and collagen type IIα1 markers.
Conclusion: SMSCs showed greater proliferation and an enhanced ability for chondrogenic differentiation. Synovium can be harvested with minimal tissue damage and donor-site morbidity and might serve as an alternative autologous source of MSCs for cartilage-tissue regeneration.
PENGUKURAN KOEFISIEN REAKTIVITAS DAYA REAKTOR RSG-GAS
Authors: Susanto Susanto - , Sigit Sukarno - , Suparjo Suparjo - 
Published: November 2020

PENGUKURAN KOEFISIEN REAKTIVITAS DAYA REAKTOR RSG-GAS. Koefisien reaktivitas daya adalah parameter neutronik yang sangat penting untuk keselamatan operasi reaktor. Koefisien reaktivitas daya merupakan kombinasi dari koefisien reaktivitas doppler, moderator dan void. Koefisien reaktivitas daya didesain bernilai negative. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung koefisien reaktivitas daya reaktor RSG-GAS melalui experiment penaikan daya. Koefisien reaktivitas daya ditentukan dengan menaikkan daya dari 1 – 15 MW secara bertahap dengan posisi batang kendali bank tetap dan batang kendali pengatur berubah. Perubahan reaktivitas ditentukan sesuai dengan posisi batang kendali pengatur. Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui koefisien reaktivitas daya rata-rata sebesar -1.028 sen/MW dan akan semakin negative mengikuti kenaikan daya. Hal ini terjadi karena kenaikan daya reaktor akan meningkatkan temperatur bahan bakar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya efek doppler. Efek doppler menyebabkan terjadinya pelebaran puncak neutron resonansi yang akan meningkatkan serapan neutron oleh U-238. Hal ini mengakibatkan berkurangnya jumlah neutron termal yang diserap oleh U-235 Sehingga Keff menjadi berkurang dan reaktifitas akan menurun (negative). Selain itu peningkatan temperature moderator akibat naiknya temperatur bahan bakar akan mengakibat menurunnya daya moderasi pendingin reaktor. Dengan nilai koefisien reaktivitas daya yang negative dan semakin negative mengikuti kenaikan daya maka reaktor dapat dioperasikan dengan selamat dan stabil. Kata Kunci : reaktivitas, daya, batang kendali pengatur.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT KENDALI JARAK JAUH SISTEM PENDINGIN PRIMER REAKTOR KARTINI
Authors: Bhagaskara Zulfikar Elran , Hadi Susanto Tri Nugroho 
Published: November 2020

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT KENDALI JARAK JAUH SISTEM PENDINGIN PRIMER REAKTOR KARTINI.Telah dibuat perangkat kendali jarak jauh sistem pendingin primer Reaktor Kartini. Perangkat ini dibuat untuk meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan tenaga operator reaktor yang sebelumnya pengoperasian pompa pendingin primer dilakukan secara manual dengan berjalan dari ruang kendali utama berada di lantai 3 menuju panel kendali yang berada di lantai 1. Perangkat ini dibuat menggunakan komponen utama berupa programmable logic controller Siemens S7-1200. Pembuatan perangkat dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah berupa modifikasi wiring kendali sistem pendingin primer, pembuatan halaman web menggunakan kode Hypertext Markup Language sebagai user interface, seting komunikasi nirkabel antara Programmable Logic Controller dengan komputer di Ruang Kendali Utama menggunakan protokol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, dan pengujian perangkat secara keseluruhan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan perangkat ini tidak mengganggu kinerja kendali lokal dari sistem pendingin primer yang sudah ada. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sekali menghidupkan/mematikan sistem Primer juga berkurang dari rata-rata 1 menit menjadi 2 detik. Pengembangan perangkat ini memberikan kemudahan berupa usaha dan waktu yang digunakan operator untuk menghidupkan/ mematikan sistem primer menjadi lebih ringan dan singkat, dan kendali pengoperasian sistem pendingin primer menjadi terpusat di ruang kendali utama. Kata Kunci: Kendali jarak jauh, sistem pendingin primer, Reaktor Kartini, PLC.
PERANCANGAN ALGORITMA PADA PENGEMBANGAN OTOMATISASI SISTEM RABBIT PNEUMATIK DI REAKTOR RSG-GAS
Authors: Sunarko Sunarko Sunarko , Ali Hanafi 
Published: November 2020

PERANCANGAN ALGORITMA PADA PENGEMBANGAN OTOMATISASI SISTEM RABBIT PNEUMATIK DI REAKTOR RSG-GAS. Algoritma merupakan urutan langkah-langkah kegiatan atau proses dalam suatu sistem. Perancangan Algoritma ini akan dipergunakan untuk menentukan langkah pada sistem otomatisasi rabbit pneumatik. Algoritma ini merupakan alur pemikiran dalam merancang perangkat lunak pada sistem otomatisasi pengirim kapsul penumatic rabbit yang sedang dikembangkan oleh PRSG. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah merancang Algoritma untuk menentukan pembuatan perangkat lunak sehingga sistem dapat beroperasi secara otomatis. Langkah awal otomatisasi dimulai dengan pengaturan waktu iradiasi, kemudian tekan tombol iradiasi. Ketika waktu iradiasi telah diisi dan tombol iradiasi ditekan maka solenoid valve terbuka dan suplai udara bertekanan akan medorong kapsul. Dalam perjalanannya kapsul setelah melewati sensor CG 002, maka media pendorong akan berganti ke gas Nitrogen yang akan bersirkulasi selama iradiasi berlangsung. Kapsul juga akan melewati sensor CG 001 untuk mengaktifkan waktu iradiasi setelah 1 detik. Proses iradiasi akan berlangsung sesuai dengan pengaturan waktu iradiasi, dan apabila waktu iradiasi selesai maka kapsul akan kembali secara otomatis menuju ke counter station di ruang Laboratorium AAN untuk dilakukan akusisi data. Dari counter station kapsul dapat dikirim kembali ke posisi iradiasi/re-iradiasi atau dikenal dengan sistem ping-pong. Jika re-iradiasi tidak diperlukan kapsul dapat dikirimkan menuju ke waste station untuk disimpan sebagai limbah. Perancangan algoritma akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pembuatan perangkat lunak, walaupun dalam prakteknya akan banyak modifikasi dan sangat dinamis sesuai dengan permintaan user.
PERHITUNGAN RADIOAKTIVITAS UDARA IODINE-131 PADA KECELAKAAN DIPOSTULASIKAN 5 ELEMEN BAKAR MELELEH DENGAN VARIASI KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE HOTSPOT
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Kurniawan Nazly 
Published: November 2020

PERHITUNGAN RADIOAKTIVITAS UDARA IODINE-131 PADA KECELAKAAN DIPOSTULASIKAN 5 ELEMEN BAKAR MELELEH DENGAN VARIASI KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE HOTSPOT. Pada kondisi kecelakaan yang dipostulasikan yaitu kecelakaan melebihi batas desain dengan 5 elemen bahan bakar meleleh akan mengakibatkan terlepasnya zat radioaktif ke lingkungan melalui cerobong reaktor yang menyebabkan RSG-GAS dalam keadaan kedaruratan nuklir. Dalam kondisi kedaruratan nuklir diperlukan tindakan segera mungkin untuk menghindari ekskalasi yang lebih besar terhadap dampak radiasi internal pada personil disekitar RSG-GAS. Pada program kesiapsiagaan nuklir RSG-GAS telah disiapkan code untuk perhitungan radioaktivitas udara yang lepas ke lingkungan melalui cerobong. Pada tulisan ini dilakukkan perhitungan radioaktivitas I-131 di udara yang lepas kelingkungan melalai cerobong dengan program code Hotspot. Pada perhitungan ini fokus pada I-131 dikarenakan dapat memberikan dampak negative pada personil yang menerima dosis melebihi batas. Selain itu nuklida I-131 di udara yang dominan lebih cepat terlepas ke lingkungan. Perhitungan radioaktivitas udara untuk nuklida I-131 dilakukan dengan menggunakan source term nilai aktivitas nuklida I-131 dengan variasi kecepatan udara 1 m/detik sampai dengan 5 m/detik. Variasi kecepatan angin diambil berdasarkan kondisi meteorologi dan klimatologi disekitar reaktor. Kecepatan angin 1 m/detik jarak 15 Km radioaktivitas nuklida I-131 2,30E-02 Bq/cm3 , kecepatan angin 2 m/detik jarak 25 Km radioaktivitas nuklida I-131 3,60E-2 Bq/cm3 , kecepatan angin 3 m/detik jarak 35 Km radioaktivitas nuklida I-131 3,30E-2 Bq/cm3, kecepatan angin 4 m/detik jarak 45 Km radioaktivitas nuklida I-131 2,60E-2 Bq/cm3, kecepatan angin 5 m/detik jarak 50 Km radioaktivitas nuklida I-131 5,40E-2 Bq/cm3. Kata kunci : Radioaktivitas Iodine-131, Software Hotspot, Kedaruratan nuklir
Path Loss Characterization in an Indoor Laboratory Environment at 3.7 GHz in Line-Of-Sight Condition
Authors: Avella-Cely Sandy Enrique , Muñoz-Pérez Juan Carlos , Fernández-González Herman Antonio , Rubio-Arjona Lorenzo , Reig-Pascual Juan Ribera , Rodrigo-Peñarrocha Vicent Miguel 
Published: November 2020

The objective of this work is to propose experimental path loss propagation models for communication channels in indoor environments. In this sense, an experimental path loss characterization has been achieved, according to the measurements campaign carried out in a typical scenario of a university campus. These narrowband measurements were collected in the laboratory environment at 3.7 GHz in line-of-sight (LOS) condition. Also, these measurements were carried out at night to simulate stationary channel conditions. Thus, the results obtained show the values of the parameters of the close-in (CI) free space reference distance and floating-intercept (FI) path loss models, in terms of the transmitter and receiver separation distance. It should be noted that these values of the path loss models have been extracted applying linear regression techniques to the measured data. Also, these values agree with the path loss exponent values presented by other researchers in similar scenarios. The path loss behavior can be described with the implementation of these models. However, more measurement campaigns are needed to improve the understanding of propagation channel features, as well as to obtain better precision in the results obtained. This, in order to optimize the deployment and performance of next fifth-generation (5G) networks that combine indoor environments to offer their services and applications.
Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi Laboratuvar Tanı Yöntemlerine Genel Bakış
Authors: BAHRIKAREHMI Laleh , YİĞİT Serbülent 
Published: November 2020

Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) Bunyaviridae familyasından kene kaynaklı bir virüsün neden olduğu potansiyel olarak ölümcül bir zoonoz hastalıktır. KKKA virüsü, virüs taşıyan kenelerinin ısırmasıyla, KKKA hastaların ve enfekte hayvanların kanı veya dokuları ile temas yoluyla insanlara bulaşır. İnsan enfeksiyonları spesifik olmayan ateşli semptomlarla başlar, ancak vaka fatalitesiolan ciddi bir hemorajik sendroma ilerlemesi % 2-50 oranındadır. Hızlı ve kesin tanı yaklaşımı hastaların kontrolü, tedavisi ve tespiti için kritik olduğundan epidemiyolojik çalışmalar için yararlıdır. KKKA'nın laboratuvar tanısı üç yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır: Virüs İzolasyonu, serolojik testler (IFA, RPHA (Ters pasif hemaglütinasyon testi) ve ELISA) ve antijen tespit testleri (ELISA, PCR). Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki çalışmaları, tüm veri tabanları üzerinden tarayarak KKKA'de biyogüvenliği, örnekleme ve tanı yönlerinin çeşitlerini incelemeyi amaçladık.