bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Kombinasi Direct Acting Antivirals (DAA) Pada Pasien Hepatitis C Di RSUD Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Meila Okpri , ST Fatimah A. Triwildan 
Published: March 2020

Tatalaksana penyakit hepatitis C telah mengalami perubahan dari terapi berbasis PEG-interferonke terapi golongan Direct Acting Antiretroviral(DAA) seperti daclastavir, sofobusvir dan simeprevir. DAA terbukti memiliki efektifitas lebih tinggi dengan pencapaian Sustained Virological Response (SVR) di atas 95%, dengan penggunaan oral dan efek samping yang rendah, namun biaya terapi kombinasi DAA tetap tinggi. Ada beberapa pedoman tatalaksana terapi, namun belum diketahui terapi mana yang lebih efektif dan efisien pada golongan tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan cost effectivedalam penggunaan obat hepatitis Ckombinasi sofobusvir – daclastavir (S-D) dengan kombinasi sofobusvir – simeprevir (S-S). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskripsi analitik secara potong lintang dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis penderita hepatitis C sementara data rincian biaya pengobatan diperoleh dari bagian keuangan pasien rawat jalan di RSUD Tebet Jakarta Selatan periode Januari 2017 – Oktober 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 62 pasien yang terdiri dari 31 pasien menggunakan kombinasi S-D dan 31 pasien menggunakan S-S. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini hanya biaya pengobatan langsung (yang meliputi biaya pemeriksaan, biaya laboratorium dan biaya obat), sedangkan efektivitasnya menggunakan nilai sustained virological response(SVR -12). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efektivitas terapi paling besar untuk mencapai nilai SVR-12 negatif adalah kombinasi sofobusvir - daclastavir yaitu sebanyak 31 pasien (100%), sedangkan kombinasi S-S hanya 29 pasien (93,55%) yang mencapai nilai SVR-12 negatif. Sementara efektivitas biaya berdasarkan nilai ACER pada kombinasi S-D dan kombinasi S-S secara berurutan adalah Rp. 29,037,937/pasien dan Rp. 40,686,453/pasien, sementara nilai ICER sebesar yaitu sebesar -Rp 4,511,792. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi S-Dlebih cost effective dibandingkan kombinasi S-S
HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN MENGGUNAKAN OBAT DENGAN KEBERHASILAN TERAPI PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RS PT PUSRI PALEMBANG
Authors: Rikmasari Yopi 
Published: March 2020

Resiko terjadinya komplikasi kardiovaskuler dan kematian meningkat pada pasien yang tidak patuh terhadap rejimen terapi hipertensi. Ketidakpatuhan dalam minum obat hipertensi dapat memicu terjadinya reboun, yaitu tekanan darah yang sudah turun saat diobati tiba – tiba bisa melonjak lebih tinggi saat obat dihentikan. Tingkat kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia yang masih rendah terhadap kesehatan berdampak pada jumlah pasien yang tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya menderita hipertensi dan tidak mematuhi minum obat kemungkinan lebih besar Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan menggunakan obat dengan keberhasilan terapi pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit “X” Palembang.Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional secara prospektif, menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat analitis dengan desain deskriptif berupa chi square. Sumber data diperoleh dari data primer dan data sekunder. Kepatuhan pasien dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS – 8. Keberhasilan terapi dinilai sesuai dengan sasaran terapi pada pengobatan hipertensi menurut JNC 7.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan golongan obat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ACEi, diuretic, CCB, ARB dan Beta Bloker dengan persentase penggunaan paling banyak adalah golongan ARB yaitu candesartan sebanyak 32,29 % dan valsartan 29,17 %. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Palembang berada pada tingkat kepatuhan rendah sebesar 18,75 %, tingkat kepatuhan sedang 55,21 % dan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi 26,04 %. Terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan penggunaan obat dengan keberhasilan terapi pada pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Palembang. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, kepatuhan, hasil terapi
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND CONTENT OF EDUCATIONAL EDITIONS
Authors: Pudalov Aleksey 
Published: March 2020

Lists and provides definitions of textbooks with the current regulations. The quantitative parameters of educational publications are indicated. The main requirements for their content
are given. The structure of educational publications is defined and their main elements are indicated.
The list of necessary information for the development and design of textbooks. Regulates the requirements for information and bibliographic apparatus textbooks.
Incidence of Crime Under the Influence of Alcohol Intoxication in Lahore
Authors: Shafi Shagufta , Yousaf Muhammad , Ansari Rizwan Zafar , Haq Anwar UI , Khalil Zahid Hussain , Gul Riaz 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the crimes committed under the influence of alcohol in district Lahore.
METHODOLOGY:
A six months study of alcohol intoxication through cases brought for examination at office of surgeon medicolegal Lahore from January 01, 2016 to June 30, 2016 is conducted. Available data is analysed on SPSS 13 which includes variables of age, gender, socio-economic conditions, religious background, and time of the day when the case brought for examination.
RESULTS:
Maximum number of cases is of 3rd decade of life i.e. 21-30 year of age. Consumption of alcohol is found highest in younger age group (21-30 years) i.e. 57.6%, while minimum consumption is observed i.e. 4% and 4.1% respectively in the age group of 51-60 years and 61-70 years. The cases which were males, Muslims and brought at day time, formed a larger group which outnumbered the females, non- Muslims and night cases.
CONCLUSION:
The study indicated that rate of crime incidence under alcohol consumption was significantly high in Muslim males. The facts highlighted by the study are significant and may be helpful to policy makers and law enforcing authorities in the city of Lahore for the years to come.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among the Children of Special Education Complex, Peshawar
Authors: Saleem Bismah , Ullah Naeem , Hussain Hamid , Ayub Ayaz , Khan Muhammad Hamayun 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among children of special education complex.
METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine refractive error among the children of special education complex Hayatabad, Peshawar. A total of 272 children were examined from age 5-19 years. Refractive errors were determined by doing retinoscopy, subjective and objective refraction, ophthalmoscope and, hand held auto refractors. Snellen’s charts, lea symbol chart and kay pictures were used for assessing the visual acuity in children who could cooperate.
RESULTS:Among 272 children, 225 children were males (82.7%). 34(12.5%) were mentally retard, 182(66.9%) were hearing impaired and 56(20.6%) were physically handicapped. Children suffering from refractive errors were 47(17.3%). 11(4.0%) reported that they were using glasses. Squint was present in 5(1.8%). On examination status of right eye 5(1.8%) were with visual acuity 6/60 or less. For children who were unable to comprehend with Snellen visual acuity chart, they were be assessed by using other charts like Lea symbol chart or Kay pictures. 19(7.0%) were assessed by Lea symbol chart, 9(3.3%) by Kay pictures and maximum number of children easily understand Snellen visual acuity chart that was 244(89.7%).
CONCLUSION:This study concluded that refractive errors were common in special children.
Large-scale Molecular Gas Distribution in the M17 Cloud Complex: Dense Gas Conditions of Massive Star Formation?
Authors: Nguyen-Luong Quang , Nakamura Fumitaka , Sugitani Koji , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Kinoshita Shinichi W. , Kim Kee-Tae , Kang Hynwoo , Sanhueza Patricio , Evans II Neal J. , White Glenn J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The non-uniform distribution of gas and protostars in molecular clouds is caused by combinations of various physical processes that are difficult to separate. We explore this non-uniform distribution in the M17 molecular cloud complex that hosts massive star formation activity using the 12CO (J = 1–0) and 13CO (J = 1–0) emission lines obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. Differences in clump properties such as mass, size, and gravitational boundedness reflect the different evolutionary stages of the M17-H ii and M17-IRDC clouds. Clumps in the M17-H ii cloud are denser, more compact, and more gravitationally bound than those in M17-IRDC. While M17-H ii hosts a large fraction of very dense gas (27%) that has a column density larger than the threshold of ∼1 g cm−2 theoretically predicted for massive star formation, this very dense gas is deficient in M17-IRDC (0.46%). Our HCO+ (J = 1–0) and HCN (J = 1–0) observations with the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory 14 m telescope trace all gas with a column density higher than 3 × 1022 cm−2, confirming the deficiency of high-density (≳105 cm−3) gas in M17-IRDC. Although M17-IRDC is massive enough to potentially form massive stars, its deficiency of very dense gas and gravitationally bound clumps can explain the current lack of massive star formation.
The Onset of 3D Magnetic Reconnection and Heating in the Solar Corona
Authors: Leake James E. , Daldorff Lars K. S. , Klimchuk James A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection, a fundamentally important process in astrophysics, is believed to be initiated by the tearing instability of an electric current sheet, a region where magnetic field abruptly changes direction. Recent studies have suggested that the amount of magnetic shear in these structures is a critical parameter for the switch-on nature of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere, at large spatial scales. We present results of visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetic reconnection in 3D current sheets with conditions appropriate to the solar corona. We follow the evolution of the linear and nonlinear 3D tearing instability. We find that, depending on the parameter space, magnetic shear can play a vital role in the onset of significant energy release and plasma heating. Two regimes in our study exist, dependent on whether the current sheet is longer or shorter than the wavelength of the fastest growing mode, thus determining whether subharmonics are present in the actual system. In one parameter regime, where the fastest growing parallel mode has subharmonics, the subsequent coalescence of 3D plasmoids dominates the nonlinear evolution, with magnetic shear playing only a weak role in the amount of energy released. In the second parameter regime, where the fastest growing parallel mode has no subharmonics, only strongly sheared current sheets, where 3D effects are strong enough, show any significant energy release. We expect both regimes to exist on the Sun, and so our results have important consequences for the question of reconnection onset in various solar physics applications.
Constraining the Infalling Envelope Models of Embedded Protostars: BHR 71 and Its Hot Corino
Authors: Yang Yao-Lun , Evans Neal J. , Smith Aaron , Lee Jeong-Eun , Tobin John J. , Terebey Susan , Calcutt Hannah , Jørgensen Jes K. , Green Joel D. , Bourke Tyler L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The collapse of a protostellar envelope results in the growth of a protostar and the development of a protoplanetary disk, playing a critical role during the early stages of star formation. Characterizing the gas infall in the envelope constrains the dynamical models of star formation. We present unambiguous signatures of infall, probed by optically thick molecular lines, toward an isolated embedded protostar, BHR 71 IRS1. The three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations indicate that a slowly rotating infalling envelope model following the “inside-out” collapse reproduces the observations of both

HCO

+

J
=
4
→
3

and CS

J
=
7
→
6

lines, as well as the low-velocity emission of the HCN

J
=
4
→
3

line. The envelope has a model-derived age of 12,000 ± 3000 yr after the initial collapse. The envelope model underestimates the high-velocity emission at the HCN

J
=
4
→
3

and H13CN

J
=
4
→
3

lines, where outflows or a Keplerian disk may contribute. The ALMA observations serendipitously discover the emission of complex organic molecules (COMs) concentrated within a radius of 100 au, indicating that BHR 71 IRS1 harbors a hot corino. Eight species of COMs are identified, including CH3OH and CH3OCHO, along with H2CS, SO2 and HCN v
2 = 1. The emission of methyl formate and 13C-methanol shows a clear velocity gradient within a radius of 50 au, hinting at an unresolved Keplerian rotating disk.
Dim Prospects for Transmission Spectra of Ocean Earths around M Stars
Authors: Suissa Gabrielle , Mandell Avi M. , Wolf Eric T. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Fauchez Thomas , Kopparapu Ravi kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The search for water-rich Earth-sized exoplanets around low-mass stars is rapidly gaining attention because they represent the best opportunity to characterize habitable planets in the near future. Understanding the atmospheres of these planets and determining the optimal strategy for characterizing them through transmission spectroscopy with our upcoming instrumentation is essential in order to constrain their environments. For this study, we present simulated transmission spectra of tidally locked Earth-sized ocean-covered planets around late-M to mid-K stellar spectral types, utilizing the results of general circulation models previously published by Kopparapu et al. as inputs for our radiative transfer calculations performed using NASA’s Planetary Spectrum Generator (psg.gsfc.nasa.gov). We identify trends in the depth of H2O spectral features as a function of planet surface temperature and rotation rate. These trends allow us to calculate the exposure times necessary to detect water vapor in the atmospheres of aquaplanets through transmission spectroscopy with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope as well as several future flagship space telescope concepts under consideration (the Large UV Optical Infrared Surveyor and the Origins Space Telescope) for a target list constructed from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Input Catalog (TIC). Our calculations reveal that transmission spectra for water-rich Earth-sized planets around low-mass stars will be dominated by clouds, with spectral features <20 ppm, and only a small subset of TIC stars would allow for the characterization of an ocean planet in the habitable zone. We thus present a careful prioritization of targets that are most amenable to follow-up characterizations with next-generation instrumentation, in order to assist the community in efficiently utilizing precious telescope time.
Response of Pickup Ions in the Very Local Interstellar Medium to Solar Variations: Implications for the Evolution of the IBEX Ribbon and Interstellar Helium
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Kim T. K. , Mostafavi P. , Heerikhuisen J. , McComas D. J. , Pogorelov N. V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observes the “ribbon” of enhanced energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes from the outer heliosphere. The ribbon flux is likely formed from the neutralization of energetic pickup ions (PUIs) gyrating in the interstellar magnetic field outside the heliopause. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause in 2012 and has observed several shocks in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) that likely originate from merged interaction regions in the inner heliosphere that propagated outside the heliopause. We simulate the response of PUIs and the IBEX ribbon flux to solar disturbances propagating into the VLISM. First, we show that PUIs outside the heliopause respond significantly to the dynamic neutralized solar wind (SW) via charge exchange and to interactions with shocks via adiabatic heating/cooling. However, the evolution of ribbon fluxes at 1 au is primarily driven by changes in the neutralized SW and not PUI interactions with shocks outside the heliopause. Comparisons with IBEX observations of the ribbon at 1.1 keV show that an abrupt decrease in ENA fluxes observed in 2012 was caused by a drop in SW (and thus neutralized SW) speed by ∼100 km s−1. Our simulation predicts a recovery of 1.1 keV ribbon fluxes starting in 2019 to levels observed early in the mission owing to an increase in SW speed. We also estimate that the presence of interstellar helium in the VLISM reduces the effectiveness of charge-exchange sources for PUIs and reduces the model ribbon flux at 1 au by ∼40%, matching well with IBEX ribbon fluxes.
Neutrino Process in Core-collapse Supernovae with Neutrino Self-interaction and MSW Effects
Authors: Ko Heamin , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Ha Eunja , Kusakabe Motohiko , Hayakawa Takehito , Sasaki Hirokazu , Kajino Toshitaka , Hashimoto Masa-aki , Ono Masaomi , Usang Mark D. , Chiba Satoshi , Nakamura Ko , Tolstov Alexey , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Kawano Toshihiko , Mathews Grant J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We calculate the abundances of 7Li, 11B, 92Nb, 98Tc, 138La, and 180Ta produced by neutrino (ν)-induced reactions in a core-collapse supernova explosion. We consider the modification by ν self-interaction (ν-SI) near the neutrinosphere and the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein (MSW) effect in the outer layers based on time-dependent neutrino energy spectra. Abundances of 7Li and the heavy isotopes 92Nb, 98Tc, and 138La are reduced by a factor of 1.5–2.0 by the ν-SI. In contrast, 11B is relatively insensitive to the ν-SI. We find that the abundance ratio of heavy to light nuclei, 138La/11B, is sensitive to the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the normal mass hierarchy is more likely to be consistent with the solar meteoritic abundances.
The Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy VCC 848 Formed by Dwarf–Dwarf Merging
Authors: Zhang Hong-Xin , Paudel Sanjaya , Smith Rory , Duc Pierre-Alain , Puzia Thomas H. , Peng Eric W. , Côte Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Boselli Alessandro , Wang Kaixiang , Oh Se-Heon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It has long been speculated that many starburst or compact dwarf galaxies are resulted from dwarf–dwarf galaxy merging, but unequivocal evidence for this possibility has rarely been reported in the literature. We present the first study of deep optical broadband images of a gas-dominated blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD) VCC 848 (M
⋆ ≃ 2 × 108
M
⊙) that hosts extended stellar shells and thus is confirmed to be a dwarf–dwarf merger. VCC 848 is located in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster. By analyzing the stellar light distribution, we found that VCC 848 is the result of a merging between two dwarf galaxies with a primary-to-secondary mass ratio ≲5 for the stellar components and ≲2 for the presumed dark matter halos. The secondary progenitor galaxy has been almost entirely disrupted. The age–mass distribution of photometrically selected star cluster candidates in VCC 848 implies that the cluster formation rate (CFR, ∝ star formation rate) was enhanced by a factor of ∼7–10 during the past ∼1 Gyr. The merging-induced enhancement of CFR peaked near the galactic center a few hundred Myr ago and has started declining in the last few tens of Myr. The current star formation activities, as traced by the youngest clusters, mainly occur at large galactocentric distances (≳1 kpc). The fact that VCC 848 is still (atomic) gas-dominated after the period of the most violent collision suggests that gas-rich dwarf galaxy merging can result in BCD-like remnants with extended atomic gas distribution surrounding a blue compact center, in general agreement with previous numerical simulations.
Rapid Evolution of Type II Spicules Observed in Goode Solar Telescope On-disk Hα Images
Authors: Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Cao Wenda , Abramenko Valentina , Yang Xu , Cho Kyung-Suk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We analyze ground-based chromospheric data acquired at a high temporal cadence of 2 s in wings of the H
α
spectral line using the Goode Solar Telescope operating at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. We inspected a 30 minute long H
α
−0.08 nm data set to find that rapid blueshifted H
α
excursions (RBEs), which are a cool component of type II spicules, experience very rapid morphological changes on timescales of the order of 1 s. Unlike typical reconnection jets, RBEs very frequently appear in situ without any clear evidence of H
α
material being injected from below. Their evolution includes inverted “Y,” “V,” “N,” and parallel splitting (doubling) patterns as well as sudden formation of a diffuse region followed by branching. We also find that the same feature may undergo several splitting episodes within about a 1 minute time interval.
Le Gilet et le Marteau. L’Assemblée des assemblées organise l’aile gauche des ronds-points
Authors: Ravelli Quentin , Bendali Zakaria , Bonin Loïc , Gaborit Maxime , Grémion Théo , Ivanovic Mila , Liochon Pauline , Toth Naomi 
Published: March 2020

L’Assemblée des assemblées constitue une tentative unique de coordination des Gilets jaunes à l’échelle du pays. Cette forme d’organisation tient largement à l’orientation politique et aux milieux sociaux des militants qui ont animé cette fraction du mouvement. Au fil des mois, sa structuration progressive montre l’importance de la démocratie directe mais aussi des efforts d’indépendance, d’autonomie et de structuration qui vont bien au-delà des assemblées locales et des mobilisations sur les ronds-points – auxquelles on réduit trop souvent ce mouvement.
Antileishmanial Drugs Modulate IL-12 Expression and Inflammasome Activation in Primary Human Cells
Authors: André Sonia , Rodrigues Vasco , Pemberton Sarah , Laforge Mireille , Fortier Yasmina , Cordeiro-da-Silva Anabela , MacDougall Jane , Estaquier Jérôme 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases. The treatment of leishmaniasis relies exclusively on chemotherapy including amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), and pentamidine. Besides the fact that these molecules are harmful for patients, little is known about the impact of such antileishmanial drugs on primary human cells in relation to immune function. The present study demonstrates that all antileishmanial drugs inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation at the doses that are not related to increased cell death. Our results highlight that antileishmanial drugs have an impact on monocytes by altering the expression of IL-12 induced by LPS, whereas only AmB induced IL-10 secretion; both cytokines are essential in regulating Th1 cell–mediated immunity. Interestingly, IL-12 and anti–IL-10 Abs improved T cell proliferation inhibited by AmB. Furthermore, our results show that in contrast to hexadecylphosphocholine and pentamidine, AmB induced gene expression of the inflammasome pathway. Thus, AmB induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretions, which are reduced by specific inhibitors of caspase activation (Q-VD) and NLRP3 activation (MCC950). Our results reveal previously underestimated effects of antileishmanial drugs on primary human cells.