bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of dams on river water‐quality signatures at event and seasonal scales: The Sélune River (France) case study
Authors: Fovet Ophelie , Ndom Mamadou , Crave Alain , Pannard Alexandrine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDams and reservoirs are known to disturb river‐water composition, among other impacts, with potential implications for downstream river ecosystems and water uses. Existing studies have emphasized the variable influence of dams on water composition according to the element, its speciation (dissolved vs. particulate), reservoir properties (residence times), reservoir functions (e.g., hydropower, irrigation), and management (water releases). A now common approach to analyzing hydrological, geochemical, and biological controls on element export from unregulated rivers is to study hydrochemical signatures such as concentration‐flow relationships. We investigated a case study to analyze hydrochemical signatures of a regulated river (Sélune River, western France) upstream and downstream of a chain of two hydropower dams, assuming that the dams disturbed the river's signatures, and that those disturbances would provide information about processes occurring in the reservoirs. Both seasonal and event‐scale signatures were analyzed over two contrasting hydrological years and a range of storm events. The dams induced a chemostatic downstream response to storm events whenever elements were diluted or concentrated upstream. Dams did not disturb the seasonality of major anions but did modify silica and phosphorus concentration‐flow relationships, especially during low flow. Such changes in dynamics of river‐water composition may affect downstream biological communities. This study presents an initial state of the hydrochemical signature of the downstream river, before the removal of the two dams.
Theorizing Vitality in the Literacy Classroom
Authors: Boldt Gail 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe author introduces the concept of vitality and its relation to affect. Stern defined vitality as the feeling of flow and aliveness. The author drew on research from literacy, curriculum theory, and the work of Stern to argue for the value of the concept of vitality for thinking about how literacy comes to feel vital. The author argues that researchers and teachers need to attend to students’ embodied expressions of vitality. These forms of vitality communicate the energy of a given classroom event. The author highlights Stern’s conceptualization of affect attunement—the ability of one party to share the subjective state of the other party transmitted through polymodal matching of vitality forms—as giving rise to and carrying vitality. Central to Stern’s work is that most affect attunement occurs out of conscious awareness, as the body is affected through multiple registers, in its psychobiological rhythms, in multisensory dynamic flow, and in the dynamic shifts and patterns of the body in movement in and out of constantly emergent assemblages. The author argues that in literacy research and teaching, conscious, language‐based learning has been overvalued. Contending that students’ embodied identities create differences in how their expressions of vitality are received in classrooms, the author concludes by arguing for vitality rights: the basic rights of all students to experience themselves as vital members of a classroom community.
A Self‐Assembled Planar Chemical Garden in a 3D Solution
Authors: Angelis Georgios , Pampalakis Georgios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAddition of calcium chloride solution in sodium phosphate results in the formation of a closed chemobrionic bubble. Subsequent addition of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate results in the formation of radially growing fingers that finally yield new types of quasi‐2D chemical gardens that resemble waterlilies and trees.
DNA Origami‐Enabled Engineering of Ligand–Drug Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Ge Zhilei , Guo Linjie , Wu Guangqi , Li Jiang , Sun Yunlong , Hou Yingqin , Shi Jiye , Song Shiping , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai , Lu Hua , Li Qian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffective drug delivery systems that can systematically and selectively transport payloads to disease cells remain a challenge. Here, a targeting ligand‐modified DNA origami nanostructure (DON) as an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC)‐like carrier for targeted prostate cancer therapy is reported. Specifically, DON of six helical bundles is modified with a ligand 2‐[3‐(1,3‐dicarboxy propyl)‐ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA) against prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), to serve as the antibody for drug conjugation in ADC. Doxorubicin (Dox) is then loaded to DON through intercalation to dsDNA. This platform features in spatially controllable organization of targeting ligands and high drug loading capacity. With this nanocomposite, selective delivery of Dox to the PSMA+ cancer cell line LNCaP is readily achieved. The consequent therapeutic efficacy is critically dependent on the numbers of targeting ligand assembled on DON. This target‐specific and biocompatible drug delivery platform with high maximum tolerated doses shows immense potential for developing novel nanomedicine.
Self‐Therapeutic Nanoparticle That Alters Tau Protein and Ameliorates Tauopathy Toward a Functional Nanomedicine to Tackle Alzheimer's
Authors: Vimal Sunil Kumar , Zuo Hua , Wang Zhengwu , Wang Hongrun , Long Zhiliang , Bhattacharyya Sanjib 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTauopathy is a complex disorder associated at the junction of several other pathologies. Intrinsically disordered tau protein remains therapeutically challenging due to its undruggable nature and is a possible reason for monumental failure of several tau‐based therapies. Herein, nanogold remodeled tau is reported as a pseudo‐nanochaperon and shows therapeutic benefit by passive targeting in transgenic tau P301L mutant mice. Treatment with nanogold polyethylene glycol (Au‐PEG) conjugate moderately improves the learning ability of the tau P301L mice that corroborates with diminished phosphorylated tau burden. Circulating total tau level that acts in a prion fashion is significantly reduced upon Au‐PEG treatment. Similarly, a high level of tau is found in macaque monkey serum and Au‐PEG inhibits amyloidosis of Alzheimer's patients and primate's serum samples ex vivo. Addtionally, brain MRI of an old aged macaque monkey shows the decrease of grey matter, which correlates with mutual loss of grey matter upon progressive dementia as reported. Au‐PEG tunes tau and other circulating pro‐dementia factors that are present in human AD serum, by remodeling the protein and repairing aberrant proteostasis. Alteration of proteotoxic tau function by nanogold as a kinetic stablizer holds translational potential to combat socially challenging dementia.
A new confinement scheme for reinforced concrete columns using stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic
Authors: Lee Do Hyung , Kim WooSeok , Kim Dong Joo , Kim Jeongho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new lateral confining method is proposed for reinforced concrete columns in this study. The new scheme incorporates additional lateral confinements that are placed outside conventional lateral reinforcements within cross section of a column. Stainless steel wires or glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) rings have been employed as the additional confinement. A total of seven reinforced concrete column specimens have been tested to validate the proposed new scheme. Primary parameters in the test are vertical spacing and volumetric ratio of the additional confinements amongst others. Lateral hysteretic response shows that specimens with the newly proposed scheme exhibit no strength degradation up to 6% of drift ratio, the specimen without such scheme displays somewhat sudden degradation at 5% of drift ratio. Experimental results also indicate that displacement ductility and energy dissipation of specimens confined by the additional confinements are greater than those of specimen without such confinements. Margin of safety with reference to the code‐specified ductility is 1.6, 2.2, and 2.1 for specimen with no confinements, stainless steel wires, and GFRP rings, respectively. In addition, energy dissipation ability reveals that specimens with the confinements show up to 50% higher than the specimen without confinements. In all, experimental observation confirms that the present approach is promising to provide an additional confinement and ductility. It is thus expected that the suggested scheme can be applied to reinforced concrete columns and be particularly effective for those members with relatively large vertical spacing of conventional lateral reinforcements.
Betulin inhibits mTOR and induces autophagy to promote apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Lin Yung‐Chi , Chen Hsuan‐Ying , Hsieh Cheng‐Pu , Huang Yi‐Fu , Chang Ing‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBetulin is a lupane type pentacyclic triterpenoid, and commonly found in the bark of birch trees. It displays various pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti‐inflammation, antitumor, and antiviral. In this report, we attempted to investigate the anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of betulin on osteosarcoma cell lines. Our results revealed that betulin significantly decreased cell viability and colony formation in osteosarcoma cell lines. Dose‐dependent induction of Annexin V positive cells, activated caspase 8, activated caspase 9, activated caspase 3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase were observed after the treatment with betulin, indicating betulin induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines. mTOR has been identified as a key modulator of autophagy in response to different stresses. In this study, we found that the treatment with betulin suppressed the activation of mTOR, and increased the level of LC 3‐II, the autophagy marker, in osteosarcoma cell lines. Co‐administration of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine significantly rescued the cell viability and the clonogenic activity in betulin‐treated osteosarcoma cell lines. Our data showed that betulin induced autophagy, and the up‐regulated autophagy positively contributed to the apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggested that betulin may serve as a promising anti‐proliferative agent for treating osteosarcoma.
Dominance and G×E interaction effects improve genomic prediction and genetic gain in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)
Authors: Bajgain Prabin , Zhang Xiaofei , Anderson James A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) based recurrent selection methods were developed to accelerate the domestication of intermediate wheatgrass [IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey]. A subset of the breeding population phenotyped at multiple environments is used to train GS models and then predict trait values of the breeding population. In this study, we implemented several GS models that investigated the use of additive and dominance effects and G×E interaction effects to understand how they affected trait predictions in intermediate wheatgrass. We evaluated 451 genotypes from the University of Minnesota IWG breeding program for nine agronomic and domestication traits at two Minnesota locations during 2017–2018. Genet‐mean based heritabilities for these traits ranged from 0.34 to 0.77. Using four‐fold cross validation, we observed the highest predictive abilities (correlation of 0.67) in models that considered G×E effects. When G×E effects were fitted in GS models, trait predictions improved by 18%, 15%, 20%, and 23% for yield, spike weight, spike length, and free threshing, respectively. Genomic selection models with dominance effects showed only modest increases of up to 3% and were trait‐dependent. Cross‐environment predictions were better for high heritability traits such as spike length, shatter resistance, free threshing, grain weight, and seed length than traits with low heritability and large environmental variance such as spike weight, grain yield, and seed width. Our results confirm that GS can accelerate IWG domestication by increasing genetic gain per breeding cycle and assist in selection of genotypes with promise of better performance in diverse environments.
Evolutionary diversification of Japanese Stomaphis aphids (Aphididae, Lachninae) in relation to their host plant use and ant association
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Hattori Mitsuru , Matsumoto Yoshiyuki , Ueda Shouhei , Itino Takao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhytophagous insects are among the most diverse of the earth’s organisms, and their diversification patterns and the driving forces behind these have attracted considerable research interest. Host shifting to closely related plant species is thought to play an important role in phytophagous insect diversification, but the extent to which other interactions such as mutualistic associations affect diversification is not yet known. In this study, we reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of JapaneseStomaphisaphids and determined whether host shifting or mutualistic association with different ant species could explain diversification in this aphid genus. We analyzed 12 species ofStomaphisand grouped them into ten well-supported DNA lineages. Species in each lineage used a single or a few host plant species, but were mutualistically associated with many ant species of the genusLasius. This result suggests thatStomaphisevolutionarily diversified primarily through host plant shifts. Interestingly, the reconstructed phylogeny suggests thatStomaphishost shifts occasionally occurred between very distantly related host plant taxa (spanning up to five plant orders). The dependence ofStomaphison long-lastingLasiusant colonies situated in temperate deciduous forests whereLasiusis the dominant ant genus may have led the aphids to shift to distantly related but spatially adjacent host tree species.
Boundary and Eisenstein cohomology of $$\mathrm {SL}_3({\mathbb {Z}})$$
Authors: Bajpai Jitendra , Harder Günter , Horozov Ivan , Moya Giusti Matias Victor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, several cohomology spaces associated to the arithmetic groups $$\mathrm {SL}_3({\mathbb {Z}})$$SL3(Z) and $$\mathrm {GL}_3({\mathbb {Z}})$$GL3(Z) with coefficients in any highest weight representation $${\mathcal {M}}_\lambda $$Mλ have been computed, where $$\lambda $$λ denotes their highest weight. Consequently, we obtain detailed information of their Eisenstein cohomology with coefficients in $${\mathcal {M}}_\lambda $$Mλ. When $${\mathcal {M}}_\lambda $$Mλ is not self dual, the Eisenstein cohomology coincides with the cohomology of the underlying arithmetic group with coefficients in $${\mathcal {M}}_\lambda $$Mλ. In particular, for such a large class of representations we can explicitly describe the cohomology of these two arithmetic groups. We accomplish this by studying the cohomology of the boundary of the Borel–Serre compactification and their Euler characteristic with coefficients in $${\mathcal {M}}_\lambda $$Mλ. At the end, we employ our study to discuss the existence of ghost classes.
Do sounds near the hand facilitate tactile reaction times? Four experiments and a meta-analysis provide mixed support and suggest a small effect size
Authors: Holmes Nicholas Paul , Martin Dennis , Mitchell William , Noorani Zeeshan , Thorne Amber 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe brain represents the space immediately surrounding the body differently to more distant parts of space. Direct evidence for this ‘peripersonal space’ representation comes from neurophysiological studies in monkeys, which show distance-dependent responses to visual stimuli in neurons with spatially coincident tactile responses. Most evidence for peripersonal space in humans is indirect: spatial- and distance-dependent modulations of reaction times and error rates in behavioural tasks. In one task often used to assess peripersonal space, sounds near the body have been argued to speed reactions to tactile stimuli. We conducted four experiments attempting to measure this distance-dependent audiotactile interaction. We found no distance-dependent enhancement of tactile processing in error rates or task performance, but found some evidence for a general speeding of reaction times by 9.5 ms when sounds were presented near the hand. A systematic review revealed an overestimation of reported effect sizes, lack of control conditions, a wide variety of methods, post hoc removal of data, and flexible methods of data analysis. After correcting for the speed of sound, removing biased or inconclusive studies, correcting for temporal expectancy, and using the trim-and-fill method to correct for publication bias, meta-analysis revealed an overall benefit of 15.2 ms when tactile stimuli are accompanied by near sounds compared to sounds further away. While this effect may be due to peripersonal space, response probability and the number of trials per condition explained significant proportions of variance in this near versus far benefit. These confounds need to be addressed, and alternative explanations ruled out by future, ideally pre-registered, studies.
Characterisation of four hotdog-fold thioesterases for their implementation in a novel organic acid production system
Authors: Hickman T. W. P. , Baud D. , Benhamou L. , Hailes H. C. , Ward J. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith increasing interest in the diverse properties of organic acids and their application in synthetic pathways, developing biological tools for producing known and novel organic acids would be very valuable. In such a system, organic acids may be activated as coenzyme A (CoA) esters, then modified by CoA-dependent enzymes, followed by CoA liberation by a broad-acting thioesterase. This study has focused on the identification of suitable thioesterases (TE) for utilisation in such a pathway. Four recombinant hotdog-fold TEs were screened with a range of CoA esters in order to identify a highly active, broad spectrum TE. The TesB-like TE, RpaL, from Rhodopseudomonas palustris was found to be able to use aromatic, alicyclic and both long and short aliphatic CoA esters. Size exclusion chromatography, revealed RpaL to be a monomer of fused hotdog domains, in contrast to the complex quaternary structures found with similar TesB-like TEs. Nonetheless, sequence alignments showed a conserved catalytic triad despite the variation in quaternary arrangement. Kinetic analysis revealed a preference towards short-branched chain CoA esters with the highest specificity towards DL-β-hydroxybutyryl CoA (1.6 × 104 M−1 s−1), which was found to decrease as the acyl chain became longer and more functionalised. Substrate inhibition was observed with the fatty acyl n-heptadecanoyl CoA at concentrations exceeding 0.3 mM; however, this was attributed to its micellar aggregation properties. As a result of the broad activity observed with RpaL, it is a strong candidate for implementation in CoA ester pathways to generate modified or novel organic acids.
Arthroscopic assisted treatment of distal radius fractures and concomitant injuries
Authors: Kastenberger Tobias , Kaiser Peter , Schmidle Gernot , Schwendinger Peter , Gabl Markus , Arora Rohit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWrist arthroscopy is mainly used to assist fracture reduction and fixation and to diagnose and treat concomitant injuries mainly to the scapholunate (SL), lunotriquetral (LT) ligament and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Arthroscopy is beneficial in improving anatomical reduction of fracture steps and gaps in intra-articular distal radius fractures (DRFs). Yet, the literature that the functional outcome correlates with the use of arthroscopy, is limited. Non-surgical treatment and immobilization is recommended for Geissler grade I–III Sl-ligament injuries, while open reduction, ligament suture and/or K-wire pinning is mandatory for complete ligament tears according to Geissler grade IV. This manuscript describes the current literature and gives insight into the authors’ opinions and practice.
Biomechanical considerations on a CT-based treatment-oriented classification in radius fractures
Authors: Hintringer W. , Rosenauer R. , Pezzei Ch. , Quadlbauer S. , Jurkowitsch J. , Keuchel T. , Hausner T. , Leixnering M. , Krimmer H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA wide range of different classifications exist for distal radius fractures (DRF). Most of them are based on plane X-rays and do not give us any information on how to treat these fractures. A biomechanical understanding of the mechanical forces underlying each fracture type is important to treat each injury specifically and ensure the optimal choice for stabilization. The main cause of DRFs are forces acting on the carpus and the radius as well as the position of the wrist in relation to the radius. Reconstructing the mechanism of the injury gives insight into which structures are involved, such as ruptured ligaments, bone fragments as well as the dislocated osteoligamentous units. This article attempts to define certain key fragments, which seem crucial to reduce and stabilize each type of DRF. Once the definition is established, an ideal implant can be selected to sufficiently maintain reduction of these key fragments. Additionally, the perfect approach is selected. By applying the following principles, the surgeon may be assisted in choosing the ideal form of treatment approach and implant selection.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma type I might arise in congenital pulmonary airway malformation type 4 by acquiring a Dicer 1 mutation
Authors: Brcic Luka , Fakler Fabian , Eidenhammer Sylvia , Thueringer Andrea , Kashofer Karl , Kulka Janina , Popper Helmut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCongenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) occurs most commonly in infants. It is divided into 5 types. The most common types 1 and 2 are cystic, type 0 presents as bronchial buds without alveolar tissue, most likely corresponding to alveolar dysgenesis, while type 3 is composed of branching bronchioles and appears as a solid lesion. A defect in the epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk might be the underlying mechanism for all. Type 4 is a peripheral cystic lesion with a thin cyst wall covered by pneumocytes. CPAM 4 has been mixed up with pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) type I and some authors question its existence. We investigated five cases of CPAM type 4 for the presence or absence of rhabdomyoblasts, and for markers associated with CPAM development. In addition, all cases were evaluated for mutations within the Dicer gene and for mutations of the RAS family of oncogenes. All five cases showed smooth muscle actin and desmin-positive cells; however, only one case showed a few cells positive for MyoD. The same case showed a mutation of Dicer 1. All cases were negative for mutations of the RAS family of genes. Fibroblast growth factor 10 was similarly expressed in all cases, and thus cannot be used to differentiate CPAM4 from PPB-I. Low expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 was seen in our CPAM 4 cases and the probable PPB-I case. YingYang-1 protein seems to play an active role in the development of PPB-I. CPAM 4 can be separated from PPB-I based on the presence of rhabdomyoblasts and mutations in Dicer 1 gene. These cells might not be numerous; therefore, all available tissue has to be evaluated. As CPAM 4 morphologically looks very similar to PPB-I, it might be speculated, that there exists a potential for progression from CPAM 4 to PPB-I, by acquiring somatic mutations in Dicer 1.