bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in clinical and oncological outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy before and after the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against PSA screening: a decade of experience
Authors: Seetharam Bhat Kulthe Ramesh , Moschovas Marcio Covas , Onol Fikret F. , Sandri Marco , Rogers Travis , Roof Shannon , Rocco Bernardo , Patel Vipul R. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the influence of the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening on oncological and functional outcomes following robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients who underwent RALP between 2008 and 2018 with a minimum of 12‐month follow‐up from a prospectively collected institutional review board‐approved database. The impact of the USPSTF recommendation against PSA screening on our surgical outcomes was assessed using a logistic regression model using two groups comprising patients treated before/after the USPSTF statement and indicating time trends for each successive year.ResultsThe mean preoperative PSA increased from 6.0 to 7.4 ng/mL after the USPSTF recommendation. We detected statistically significant time‐trend changes after 2012, including an increase in the positive slope of Gleason ≥3 + 4 or ≥pT3 disease. We detected a fall in bilateral full nerve‐sparing and an increase in partial nerve‐sparing. The total positive surgical margin (PSM) rate increased after the USPSTF recommendation; however, PSM rates pertinent to each pathological stage did not change significantly after 2012. There was a significant negative trend change in the postoperative 12‐month continence and potency rates, indicating a breakpoint in functional outcomes after 2012. We detected a 1.7‐fold increase in 12‐month biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates. The 12‐month BCR, potency and continence rates were maintained in young (<55 years) patients with a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score >22 and low‐volume disease.ConclusionSince the USPSTF’s recommendation in 2012, we have seen a significant increase in the incidence of high‐risk disease that has forced us to modify our approach to the procedure and the grade of nerve‐sparing used, leading to a wider resection, in order to reduce PSMs. This has led to a decrease in postoperative functional recovery. Patients with favourable characteristics had good outcomes before and after the USPSTF’s recommendation, implying that the quality of surgery did not change over time.
Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include gregarines
Authors: Boisard Julie , Florent Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGregarines, a polyphyletic group of apicomplexan parasites infecting mostly non‐vertebrates hosts, remains poorly known at taxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic levels. However, it represents an essential group for understanding evolutionary history and adaptive capacities of apicomplexan parasites to the remarkable diversity of their hosts. Because they have a mostly extracellular lifestyle, gregarines have developed other cellular developmental forms and host–parasite interactions, compared with their much better studied apicomplexan cousins, intracellular parasites of vertebrates (Hemosporidia, Coccidia, Cryptosporidia). This review highlights the promises offered by the molecular exploration of gregarines, that have been until now left on the side of the road of the comparative –omic exploration of apicomplexan parasites. Elucidating molecular bases for both their ultrastructural, functional and behavioural similarities and differences, compared with those of the typical apicomplexan models, is expected to provide entirely novel clues on the adaptive capacities developed by Apicomplexa over evolution. A challenge remains to identify which gregarines should be explored in priority, as recent metadata from open and host‐associated environments have confirmed how underestimated is our current view on true gregarine biodiversity. It is now time to turn to gregarines to widen the currently highly skewed view we have of adaptive mechanisms developed by Apicomplexa.
Work‐related skin symptoms among Bulgarian dentists
Authors: Stoeva Iliyana L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDentists are at high risk of developing skin symptoms due to occupational contact with irritants and/or allergens.ObjectivesTo assess the point prevalence of work‐related skin symptoms and associated factors in Bulgarian dentists.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed using a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsA total of 4675 dentists filled the questionnaire (response 48.1%). The point prevalence of self‐reported skin symptoms was 31.6%. According to logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with work‐related skin symptoms included a personal history of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24‐3.31), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma (OR 1.85, 95%CI: 1.56‐2.19), work experience >30 years (OR 2.21, 95%CI: 1.78‐2.74), personal history of contact allergy (OR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.48‐2.17), female sex (OR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.59‐2.19), hand washing >8 times a day (OR 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03‐1.69), daily contact ≥4 hours with protective gloves (OR 2.09, 95%CI: 1.64‐2.67), and use >10 pairs of gloves per day (OR 1.51, 95%CI: 1.11‐2.04).ConclusionBulgarian dentists have a high prevalence of work‐related skin symptoms. History of atopic dermatitis, prolonged work experience, and protective gloves use were the strongest risk factors.
Synthesis and dyeing properties of polyvinylamine dyes for cotton
Authors: Shan Bin , Tang Bingtao , Zhang Shufen , Tan Weiqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNovel polyvinylamine dyes were designed and synthesised from poly(N‐vinylformamide‐co‐vinylamine) and reactive dyes, then used to dye cotton fibres by the dip‐pad‐steam process, with the dyeing methods being examined in detail. Each polyvinylamine dye was fixed to cotton without a crosslinking agent through covalent bonds formed between the reactive group of the dye and the cotton fibres. A fixation of 99% was achieved, with grades of 4 and 4‐5 wash and dry‐rub fastness, respectively.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An update on its clinical value and applications
Authors: Boutou Afroditi K. , Zafeiridis Antreas , Pitsiou Georgia , Dipla Konstantina , Kioumis Ioannis , Stanopoulos Ioannis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a debilitating disorder, characterized by airflow limitation, exercise impairment, reduced functional capacity and significant systemic comorbidity, which complicates the course of the disease. The critical inspiratory constraint to tidal volume expansion during exercise (that may be further complicated by the presence of dynamic hyperinflation), abnormalities in oxygen transportation and gas exchange abnormalities are the major pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in COPD patients, and thus, exercise testing has been traditionally used for the functional evaluation of these patients. Compared to various laboratory and field exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a thorough assessment of exercise physiology, involving the integrative respiratory, cardiovascular, muscle and metabolic responses to exercise. This review highlights the clinical utility of CPET in COPD patients, as it provides important information for the determination of the major factors that limit exercise among patients with several comorbidities, allows the assessment of the severity of dynamic hyperinflation, provides valuable prognostic information and can be used to evaluate the response to several therapeutic interventions.
Predicted distributions of avian specialists: A framework for conservation of endangered forests under future climates
Authors: Colyn Robin B. , Ehlers Smith David A. , Ehlers Smith Yvette C. , Smit‐Robinson Hanneline , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimForested regions are of global importance for a multitude of ecosystem functions and services and are critical for biodiversity. Anthropogenic climate‐change compounds negative effects of land‐use change on forest persistence and forest‐dependent biodiversity. Habitat loss and climate change have an additive effect and drive species’ extinctions in similar ways, resulting in a homogenization of biodiversity. Connectivity is key in conservation planning for mitigating climate change effects and facilitating species’ abilities to disperse throughout remnant habitat and track their climate niches. We used three forest‐specialized and habitat‐specific bird species as focal species to understand avian connectivity and conservation of each of South Africa's three threatened forest classes, as each species is range‐restricted to its respective forest type.LocationSouth Africa.MethodsWe created ensemble models of species’ distributions and combined core home‐ and breeding‐range patches with a hybrid of least‐cost pathways and ecological circuit theory linkages to assess the success of corridors in facilitating connectivity of each of the three forest types. We then predicted the likelihood of niche persistence for each species under future climate‐change scenarios, and the efficacy of our connectivity modelling to facilitate range expansion or climate‐niche tracking.ResultsThe projected habitat loss under climate‐change scenarios impacted core‐habitat patch distribution, size and connectivity, exacerbated habitat fragmentation and increased resistance and the severity of pinch points and barriers along dispersal corridors. Forest systems and associated focal species projected to experience the highest levels of habitat loss/contraction occurred at mid‐ to high elevations. Climate‐change resilience across ecosystems, and persistence of species therein, was dependent on connectivity, facilitating species’ ability to track specific climate niches.Main conclusionsClimate‐change resilience of ecosystems, and persistence of biodiversity therein, is most likely to be a product of high functional biodiversity, connectedness and the ability of species to track specific climate niches.
Pharmacokinetic and dose‐finding studies on efpeglenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yoon Kun‐Ho , Kang Jahoon , Kwon Se Chang , Trautmann Michael E. , Hompesch Marcus , Stewart John , Sorli Christopher H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of efpeglenatide, a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trials were conducted. The single‐dose study (n = 48) was a first‐in‐patient, sequential dose‐escalation study. Patients received a single subcutaneous injection of efpeglenatide (2–100 μg/kg) or placebo. The repeated‐dose study (n = 71) was a multiple‐ascending‐dose trial. Patients received weekly (1, 2 or 4 mg once weekly; 8‐week period) or monthly (8, 12 or 16 mg once monthly; 9‐week period) subcutaneous injections of efpeglenatide or placebo (without titration).ResultsBoth studies demonstrated dose‐proportional increases in efpeglenatide serum concentrations. The median time to attain maximum serum concentration (tmax) for efpeglenatide ranged from 72 to 144 hours in the single‐dose study and from 48 to 120 hours in the repeated‐dose study (following final dose). Geometric mean t1/2 ranged from 135 to 180 hours across studies. Peak‐to‐trough ratios in the repeated‐dose study ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 with once‐weekly dosing and from 5.9 to 12.9 with once‐monthly dosing. Following a single dose of efpeglenatide 14–100 μg/kg, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose levels were decreased at week 1 and remained below baseline levels for ≥3 weeks post‐dosing. Repeated doses of efpeglenatide led to significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin vs placebo. In both studies, efpeglenatide was generally well tolerated. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events in efpeglenatide‐treated patients.ConclusionsThe delayed tmax, long half‐life, and low peak‐to‐trough ratios observed demonstrate potential for improved efficacy and dosing flexibility, with good tolerability of efpeglenatide in patients with T2D.
The effect of colchicine on the echocardiographic constrictive physiology after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Shojaeifard Maryam , Pakbaz Marzieh , Beheshti Reza , Noohi Bezanjani Freidoun , Ahangar Hassan , Gohari Sepehr , Dehghani Mohammad Abadi Hossein , Erami Sajad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstrictive physiology is a transitory condition that could lead to constrictive pericarditis, which is a rare complication after open‐heart surgery. Anti‐inflammatory drugs like colchicine are recommended for prevention of constrictive pericarditis; however, there is no evidence about the effect of colchicine on constrictive pericarditis. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the preventive effect of colchicine on the incidence of echocardiographic constrictive physiology after open‐heart surgery.MethodsThis was a parallel randomized, double‐blind trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg colchicine once‐daily from 48 hours before and 0.5 mg twice daily for 5 days after surgery. Primary outcome was the incidence of the constrictive physiology after primary endpoint (1 week after the surgery). The secondary outcome was the primary outcome after secondary endpoint (4 weeks after surgery) plus the new cases of constrictive physiology between the primary and secondary endpoints.ResultsOut of 160 participating patients, the primary outcome occurred in 19 patients (23%) in placebo and 11 (13%) in intervention groups. There was no significant difference between two groups (P = .106). After 4 weeks of follow‐up, 19 patients (23%) in placebo and 9 (11%) in intervention groups had constrictive physiology whereas 2 out of 11 patients (18.2%) were recovered. The difference was significant (P = .038). No new case of constrictive physiology occurred between primary and secondary endpoints.ConclusionShort‐term use of colchicine has a preventive effect on reducing constrictive physiology after 1 month of open‐heart surgery but not a week after that.
An intra‐cardiac mass in a patient with Behçet’s disease: Cardiac hydatid cyst
Authors: Sonsoz Mehmet Rasih , Gunes Sevki Can 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCardiac manifestations of hydatid cysts are rare and occur in 0.5% to 2% of all cases of human hydatidosis. Behçet's disease is a vasculitis which is often associated with venous thrombosis. An intra‐cardiac mass in a patient with Behçet's disease should raise the suspicion of thrombosis. However, we report a 32‐year‐old gentleman with Behçet's disease and history of multiple episodes of venous thrombosis who was first diagnosed with having an intra‐cardiac thrombus on echocardiogram. Five months later, his echocardiogram revealed a hydatid cyst in the right ventricular apex which was also confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance.
Prevalence of dentofacial injuries in contact sports players: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Werlich Mariana , Honnef Lia Rosana , Silva Bett João Victor , Domingos Fábio Luiz , Pauletto Patrícia , Dulcineia Mendes de Souza Beatriz , Mageste Duque Thais , Curi Hallal Ana Luiza , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgrounds/AimsContact sports present intense physical contact, and usually, players have a high risk for dentofacial injuries. It is unclear how often these injuries occur and which contact sports present the highest rates. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dentofacial injuries among contact sports participants.MethodsA literature search was performed in seven electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science). The gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest), as well as the reference lists of included studies, was assessed. Experts were consulted to indicate additional studies. The eligible studies were observational studies that contained details of the contact sports participants who were aged over 18 years old, either professional or not, who sustained at least one dentofacial injury in the past, the number of sustained injuries, and studies which provided quantitative data on the characteristics of the dentofacial injuries, such as type and site. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data.ResultsAmong 1152 identified studies, 17 articles remained for final analysis. One study was classified as high risk of bias, 14 studies as moderate, and two as low risk. The overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries was 27.57% (95% CI: 17.87‐38.47). The prevalence in each sport was rugby 37.36% (95% CI: 17.45‐59.82), basketball 27.26% (95% CI: 9.45‐50.08), handball 24.59% (95% CI: 14.88‐35.83), and field hockey 19.07% (95% CI: 6.82‐35.62). The most common injury was dental injury 19.61% (95% CI: 8.13‐34.56).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries among collective contact sports participants was approximately 30%. The most common injury presented was dental injury.
Investigation of the mating‐type distribution of Raffaelea quercus‐mongolicae in South Korea
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyeon , Son Su‐Yeon , Seo Sang‐Tae , Lee Jong Kyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRaffaelea quercus‐mongolicae is a mycangial symbiont of a wood‐boring ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodidae), which is believed to be associated with oak mortality in South Korea. Since the first discovery of the disease in 2004, oak mortality has continued to spread across the country, and the pathogen has had a significant impact on forest ecosystems in the country; however, little is known regarding the biology of the fungus. The aim of this study was to develop markers to determine the mating types of individual isolates of R. quercus‐mongolicae collected across the country and then determine the mating‐type ratio in natural populations. To achieve this, partial sequences of MAT1‐1–3 and MAT1‐2–1 genes were amplified using degenerate primers and cloned. The new primer sets, which were specific to each mating‐type idiomorph, identified isolates as MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 mating types. The roughly equal frequencies of the two mating types suggest that sexual reproduction might have occurred in natural populations of R. quercus‐mongolicae in South Korea.
Expectancy and affective response to challenging balance practice conditions in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chung Yu‐Chen , Lewthwaite Rebecca , Winstein Carolee J. , Monterosso John R. , Fisher Beth E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPsychological states can influence motor performance and learning. In Parkinson's disease (PD), placebo effects or expectancies for pharmacological treatment benefits are not uncommon, but little is known about whether self‐efficacy, beliefs about personal performance capabilities, may play a role in this population. To address this question, we investigated whether experimental manipulations designed to enhance self‐efficacy would benefit motor performance and learning in PD. A motor learning paradigm was utilized to determine the short‐term (i.e., practice) and longer‐term (i.e., retention) impact of self‐efficacy enhancement when 44 individuals with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I–III) acquired a challenging balance skill. Using stratified randomization by Hoehn and Yahr stage, participants were assigned to a control group or one of two investigational groups: (a) an expectancy‐relevant statement that encouraged an incremental mindset in which the balance skill, though initially challenging, was acquirable with practice (incremental theory group, IT), and (b) the expectancy‐relevant statement in combination with a criterion for successful performance (incremental theory plus success criteria group, IT + SC). All groups improved their balance performance, but contrary to expectations, investigational groups did not outperform the control group at practice or retention. Unexpectedly, the IT + SC group reported greater nervousness than the control and IT groups, suggesting that the employed success criteria may have induced performance‐related anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that self‐efficacy increase from initial practice predicted performance at the end of practice and at retention. These findings highlight the potential contribution of psychological factors on motor function and rehabilitation in individuals with PD.
Effect of microstructure of simulated heat‐affected zone on low‐ to high‐cycle fatigue properties of low‐carbon steels
Authors: Nishikawa Hide‐aki , Furuya Yoshiyuki , Igi Satoshi , Goto Sota , Briffod Fabien , Shiraiwa Takayuki , Enoki Manabu , Kasuya Tadashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo clarify the effect of microstructural changes on the fatigue property of the weld heat‐affected zone (HAZ), low‐ to high‐cycle fatigue tests were conducted on 16 types of simulated HAZ specimens that had been prepared using thermal processes. The results showed the fatigue S‐N curves of the HAZ to be widely scattered as a function of strength level. These fatigue data were divided into two groups: coarse grain (CG) and fine grain (FG) HAZ, when strain amplitude was used to represent S‐N curves. The fatigue data for the CGHAZ group showed a relatively short fatigue life. Based on surface observations, the initiated fatigue crack size of CGHAZ was larger than that of FGHAZ as a function of microstructural unit size. Hence, fatigue crack growth life, which is almost the same as total fatigue life of CGHAZ, decreased.
Effect of temperature on the fracture behaviour of heat‐treated Al–Cu–Li alloy laser welds under low‐cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Malikov Alexander G. , Karpov Evgenij V. , Orishich Anatoliy M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the studies of the effect of temperature on the fracture behaviour of Al–Cu–Li alloy laser welds under low‐cycle fatigue loading. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of the welded joints without and after postweld heat treatment (PWHT) were investigated. The tensile strength and the low‐cycle fatigue resistance of the welded joints were studied at various test temperatures (20°C, 85°C and − 60°C). It was been found that heating up to 85°C and cooling down to −60°C reduced the maximum number of loading cycles of the welded joints after PWHT by 1.5–2.0 times compared with that at a test temperature of 20°C.