bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘None of My Ancestors Ever Discussed this Disease Before!’ How Disease Information Shapes Adaptive Capacity of Marginalised Rural Populations in India
Authors: Asaaga Festus A , Rahman Mujeeb , Kalegowda Suresh D , Mathapati Jagadeesh , Savanur Irfanahemad , Srini Prashanth N , Seshadri Tanya , Narayanswamy Darshan , Kiran Shivani K , Oommen Meera A , Young Juliette C , Purse Bethan V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Smallholder farmer and tribal communities are often characterised as marginalised and highly vulnerable to emerging zoonotic diseases due to their relatively poor access to healthcare, worse-off health outcomes, proximity to sources of disease risks, and their social and livelihood organisation. Yet, access to relevant and timely disease information that could strengthen their adaptive capacity remain challenging and poorly characterised in the empirical literature. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the role of disease information in shaping the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmer and tribal groups to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever. Though reported from the late 1950s onwards, there has been an accelerated spread in human cases of this disease since 2014 to new states in southern India. Methods: We carried out household surveys (n=227) and in-depth interviews (n=25) in two affected districts – Shimoga and Wayanad – in the Western Ghats region. Results: Our findings broadly suggest that, despite the generally limited awareness about KFD, access to disease information improved households’ propensity to implement adaptation strategies relative to households that had no access to it. Of the variety of adaptation strategies implemented, vaccination, avoiding forest visits, wearing of protective clothing and footwear, application of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) oil and income diversification were identified by respondents as important adaptive measures during the outbreak seasons. Even so, we identified significant differences between individuals in exposure to disease information and its contribution to substantive adaptive action. Households reported several barriers to implement adaptation strategies including, lack of disease information, low efficacy of existing vaccine, distrust, religio-cultural sentiments, and livelihood concerns. We also found that informal information sharing presented a promising avenue from a health extension perspective albeit with trade-offs with potential distortion of the messages through misinformation and/or reporting bias. Conclusions: Altogether, our findings stress the importance of contextualising disease information (tailored to risk factors, coping strategies and alternative livelihood options) and implementing interventions in a participatory way that sufficiently addresses the social determinants of health in order to bolster households’ adaptive capacity to KFD and other neglected endemic zoonotic diseases.
Comparison of severity signs between patients with primary and secondary dengue infection during the 2016 Burkina Faso (West Africa) outbreak
Authors: Diendéré Eric Arnaud , Sondo/Ouédraogo Apoline Kognimisson , Diallo ismael , Ky/Ba Absetou , Rouamba Toussaint , Dutertre Yann Yves , Bognounou René , Ly Djeneba , Zoungrana Jacques , Sawadogo Abdoulaye , Guira Oumar , Tieno Hervé , Poda Armel , Tinto Halidou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe factors that expose the severity of dengue are still controversial, particularly the relationship between severe dengue and secondary dengue. More importantly, the severity of dengue infection remains poorly studied in Africa. The objective of this study was to compare severity signs between patients with primary and secondary dengue infection during the 2016 dengue outbreak in Burkina Faso.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study through a retrospective examination of patient medical records managed in Ouagadougou for dengue fever from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. All health facilities with the capacity to perform dengue diagnosis in Ouagadougou were considered in the survey. Primary dengue was defined as the presence of AgNS1 and/or IgM and secondary dengue as the presence of IgG associated with one of these two markers. Patients with only IgG were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analyzes were performed using a logistic regression with dengue infection (primary or secondary dengue) as the binary dependent variable. The statistical significant level was set at 0.05.Results Of the 811 patients managed for dengue fever during the study period, 418 (51.5%) were male. Thirty-five patients (4.3%) had primary dengue infection (AgNS1 + and / or IgM + with negative IgG) and seven hundred seventy-six (776) patients (95.7%) had secondary dengue infection. 245 patients (30.2%) experienced severe signs. Renal failure (13.1%) was the main sign of severity, followed by severe bleeding (10.6%). In univariate analysis, severe bleeding were associated with primary dengue infection (OR = 2.65, 95%IC: 1.16 -6.03, p = 0.01). Twenty-four deaths (9.8%) were reported during the period. ConclusionSigns of gravity can occur during primary dengue fever. This study highlight the need to conduct more studies on the severity factors of dengue fever.
Long-lived populations of momentum- and spin-indirect excitons in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Chen Shao-Yu , Pieczarka Maciej , Wurdack Matthias , Estrecho Eliezer , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Yan Jun , Ostrovskaya Elena , Fuhrer Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In monolayer WSe2, interactions between the lower-energy momentum- and spin-indirect “dark” excitons and the bright exciton (X) are likely to be significant in determining the optical properties of X at high power, and limit the ultimate exciton densities that can be achieved, yet little is known about them. Here, by employing time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, we demonstrate an efficient population of dark excitons via inter-state conversion between X and the spin-indirect intravalley excitons (D) through spin-flip, and between D and the momentum-indirect intervalley excitons (XK) mediated by the exchange interaction (D+D ←→ XK +XK). Moreover, we observe a persistent redshift of the X exciton on sub-ns timescales due to strong excitonic screening by the long-lived dense XK exciton. Our results provide a new insight into the many-body interactions between bright and dark excitons, and point to a possibility to employ dark excitons for investigating exciton condensation and valleytronics.
Assessment of Selected Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Analysis of Sweet Potato Tubers Collected From Tepi Market, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Shisho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sweet potato is primarily used for nutrition and medicinal purposes. This study was done to determine proximate analysis and anti-nutritional factors of sweet potato tubers. The sample was randomly purchased fromTepi local market. Then it was analyzed for moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, oxalate content and acid content. The result of the study showed that 87.6% moisture content, 7.5% ash content, 7.46 mg/100 gm oxalate content, 4.3% crude fiber content and 0.09 M acid content.
H3K27ac-induced lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 exhibits oncogenic property in ovarian cancer by targeting miR-6744-5p/PCBP2 axis
Authors: Ma Yimin , Zheng Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We aimed to explore role of lncRNA PAX-interacting protein 1- antisense RNA1(PAXIP1-AS1) in ovarian cancer (OC). RT-qPCR analysis identified upregulation of PAXIP1-AS1 in OC cell lines. Functionally, PAXIP1-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, accelerated cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Upregulation PAXIP1-AS1 was induced by CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) via bioinformatic analysis and ChIP assay. Furthermore, PAXIP1-AS1 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate PCBP2 expression by sponging microRNA-6744-5p (miR-6744-5p). Restoration experiments showed that overexpressed PCBP2 rescued effect of silenced PAXIP1-AS1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT. Overall, lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 activated by H3K27ac functioned as a tumor promoter in OC via mediating miR-6744-5p/PCBP2 axis, which provided promising insight into exploration on OC therapy.
Characterization of Anaerobic Effluent: Seasonal Influence and use of Anammox Process as Post-Treatment
Authors: Sachetto Pamela Alexa , Menezes Rosana Oliveira , Cruz Luana Mattos de Oliveira 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to verify if subtropical annual seasonality variation of organic matter and nitrogen ratio facilitates the use of anammox process as a post – treatment of anaerobic effluent. We characterized the anaerobic effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Campinas/SP, Brazil. The collected composed samples were from an UASB reactor in different days, hours and months during one year. We concluded subtropical annual seasonality of COD/N ratio range (2.2 to 3.1) from anaerobic effluent indicates that the use of anammox process is appropriate as post-treatment of anaerobic effluent in subtropical areas. However, as Total COD degrades over time and as total nitrogen concentration is influenced by seasons, these factors need to be taken into account in the project and operation of the reactor over the year.
Short-chain fatty acids and intestinal inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis – Modulation of female susceptibility by microbial products?
Authors: Becker Anouck , Abuazab Mosab , Schwiertz Andreas , Walter Silke , Faßbender Klaus C. , Fousse Mathias , Unger Marcus M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Experimental data also suggest a role of intestinal microbiota and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the pathogenesis of MS. A recent clinical study reported beneficial effects (mediated by immunomodulatory mechanisms) after oral administration of the SCFA propionate in MS patients. Based on available evidence, we aimed to investigate whether SCFA and the fecal inflammation marker calprotectin are altered in MS. Methods. 76 subjects (41 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 35 age-matched controls) were investigated in this case-control study. All subjects underwent clinical assessment with established scales and provided fecal samples for a quantitative analysis of fecal SCFA and fecal calprotectin concentration. Fecal markers were compared between MS patients and controls, and were analyzed for an association with epidemiological as well as clinical parameters. Results. Median fecal calprotectin concentrations remained within normal range without any group-specific differences. Fecal SCFA showed a non-significant reduction in MS patients, whereas female subjects showed significantly reduced SCFA concentrations compared to male subjects. Conclusions. In our cohort of MS patients, we found no evidence of an active intestinal inflammation. As the vast majority of patients, however, was under immunotherapy, this might have affected the outcome measures. The sex-associated difference in fecal SCFA concentrations might at least partially explain female predominance in MS. Large-scale longitudinal studies including drug-naïve MS patients are required to determine the role of SCFA in MS and to distinguish between disease-immanent effects and those caused by the therapeutic regime.
SLUG is Enhanced by Chemotherapeutics and Functions to Promote Invasion and Metastasis by Directly Targeting MMP3 in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jiang Senwei , Zhang Lan , Huang Shuting , Zhou Yun , Feng Yanling , Yuan Linjing , Jiang Yinan , Zheng Xiaojing , Xu Jing , Luo Rongzhen , Jia Weihua , Zheng Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) is a widely used strategy in the treatment of locally advanced cancers. NACT followed by radical surgery for patients in FIGO stages IB2-IIB has proven to reduce tumor volume and numbers. Under certain conditions, however, NACT followed by radical surgery has not been found to improve overall survival, but rather to accelerate cancer growth and metastasis in current studies.MethodsIn this study, 35 paired pre/post-NACT cervical cancer tissues and 167 cervical cancer samples were examined by immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the role of SLUG in invasion and metastasis. Functional assays and a CHIP assay were performed to determine SLUG’s downstream genes and pathways. A lymph node metastatic mouse model was used to study the effects of SLUG- and MMP3-silencing on the malignant behavior of the cervical cancer cells. ResultsSLUG expression was potentially increased in cervical cancer tissues after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which in turn positively correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis. The expression of SLUG following neoadjuvant chemotherapy was identified as a poor survival indicator. SLUG overexpression promoted metastasis in cervical cancer in both in vitro and in vivo models, whereas SLUG silencing had the opposite effect. Mechanically, SLUG is not a prerequisite for EMT activation in cervical cancer models, but contributes to the invasiveness and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by directly tethering to the recognition sequence GCCAGGTGC in the MMP3 promoter region. ConclusionOur results provide mechanistic insight into the potential pro-cancer effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and demonstrates that the SLUG-MMP3 axis could serve as a target for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Mathematical Formation and Analysis of COVID19 Pool Tests Strategies
Authors: Chandel Sushmita , Bhatnagar Gaurav , Singh Krishna Pratap 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The excessive spread of the pandemic COVID19 around the globe has put mankind at risk. The medical infrastructure and resources are frazzled, even for world's top economies, due to the large COVID19 infection. To cope up with this situation, countries are exploring the pool test strategies. In this paper, a detailed analysis has been done to explore the efficient pooling strategies. Given a population and the known fact that the percentage of people infected by the virus, the minimum number of tests to identify COVID19 positive cases from the entire population is observed. The analysis reveals that the tests needed are very less when compared to the total population. This can be looked as an essential step towards efficient utilization of sparse available resources of COVID19 testing kits, especially for the countries having limited medical infrastructure.
Bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane for precise molecular separation
Authors: Dou Haozhen , Xu Mi , Wang Baoyu , Zhang Zhen , Wen Guobin , Luo Dan , Peng Feifei , Yu Aiping , Bai Zhengyu , Jiang Zhongyi , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cellular membranes provide ideal archetypes for molecule or ion separations with sub-angstrom scale precision, which are featured with both extremely high permeability and selectivity due to the well-defined membrane protein channels. However, the development of bioinspired membranes with artificial channels for sub-angstrom scale ethylene/ethane (0.416 nm / 0.443 nm) separation remains an uncharted territory and a significant challenge. Herein, a bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane is constructed by a facile ion/molecule self-assembly strategy for highly efficient ethylene/ethane separation, which mimics the structure of cellular membrane elegantly and possesses plenty of three-dimensional (3D) nanochannels. The elaborate regulation of non-covalent interactions by optimizing the ion/molecule compositions within membrane confers the nano-ordered liquid structure with interpenetrating and bi-continuous apolar domains and polar domains, which results in the formation of regular carrier wires and enormous 3D interconnected ethylene transport nanochannels. By virtue of these 3D nanochannels, the bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane manifests simultaneously super-high selectivity, excellent permeance and long-term stability, which exceeds previously reported ethylene/ethane separation membranes. This methodology in this work for construction of bioinspired membrane with tunable 3D nanochannels through ion/molecule self-assembly will enlighten the design and development of high-performance separation membranes for angstrom/sub-angstrom scale ion or molecule separations.
The differential demographic pattern of Coronavirus Disease 2019 patient fatality outside Hubei and from six hospitals in Hubei, China: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Lu Qing-Bin , Zhang Hai-Yang , Che Tian-Le , Chen Xi , Li Rui , Jiang Wan-Li , Zeng Hao-Long , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Long Hui , Wang Qiang , Wu Ming-Qing , Zhang Zhi-Jie , Yang Yang , Fang Li-Qun , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has been largely controlled in China, to the point where case fatality rate (CFR) data can be comprehensively evaluated.Methods: Data on confirmed patients, with a final outcome reported as of 29 March 2020, were obtained from official websites and other internet sources. The hospitalized CFR (HCFR) was estimated, epidemiological features described, and risk factors for a fatal outcome identified.Findings: The overall CFR in China was estimated to be 4.6% (95% CI 4.5%-4.8%). It increased with age and was higher in males than females. The highest CFR observed was in male patients ≥70 years old. Although the outcome of infection is generally worse for males, this adverse effect from male sex decreased as people get old. Differential age/sex CFR patterns across geographical regions were found: the age effect on CFR was greater in other provinces outside Hubei than in Wuhan. An effect of longer interval from symptom onset to admission was only observed outside Hubei, not in Wuhan. By performing multivariate analysis and survival analysis, the higher CFR was associated with older age, and male sex. Only in regions outside Hubei, longer interval from symptom onset to admission, were associated with higher CFR.Interpretation: This up-to-date and comprehensive picture of COVID-19 CFR and its drivers will help healthcare givers target limited medical resources to patients with high risk of fatality.
Thermodynamic performance analysis and optimization of a power and hydrogen generation system based on geothermal flash, dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle using zeotropic mixtures, and PEM electrolyzer
Authors: Talesh Seyed Saman Ashraf 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, a thermodynamic model and optimization of a flash-binary geothermal system are proposed for power and hydrogen production. The binary cycles contain a dual-pressure ORC cycle and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for power and hydrogen production. The combination of dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle with zeotropic mixtures enhances the performance of the system considerably, and selection of the best kind of zeotropic mixture as the working fluids of the DORC unit is one of the important methods to improve the performance of the suggested system. Also, the Genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the net output power of the system, in which the results of optimization show that the best performance belongs to Pentane (0.467)/Butane (0.533) with first and second-law efficiencies of 16.66%, 58.03%, respectively, and hydrogen production of 0.3683 kg/hr. Besides, for the base case simulation, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the whole system are reported by about 16.66% and 58.03%, respectively, also for this condition, the derived power from the proposed model and overall exergy destruction is calculated approximately 132.41 kW, and 90.08 kW, respectively and geothermal heat source generates 0.306 kg/hr hydrogen by the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.
Atoms in Gaseous and Solid States and their Energy and Force Relationships under Transitional Behaviors
Authors: Ali Mubarak 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By recalling the conventional insights of different atomic states, it is possible to discover new insights, which can cope the existing challenges. In fact, atoms consist of electrons and energy knot nets. In atoms of all elements, suitably intercrossed overt photons form or construct energy knots. In growing atoms of gaseous and solid states, schemes of intercrossing overt photons become different. To construct atomic lattice in any element, overt photons in suitable length and number intercross by keeping the centers of their lengths at a common point. A scheme of intercrossing overt photons frames energy knots simultaneously clamping to positioned electrons. Atoms are differentiated on the basis of their different numbers of energy knots and electrons. A number of unfilled states in an atom represents a valency. Excluding hydrogen, atoms possess the same valence number as specified for them. However, two more electrons with two already prescribed ones for the first shell form the zeroth ring of the atom. In the hydrogen atom, only two electrons are available for two energy knots; two overt photons of the least measured lengths intercross to form the shape like digit eight. In this way, four electrons are clamped by four energy knots to form helium atom. Thus, a helium atom is related to a zeroth ring in all higher order atoms. In order to validate these aforementioned statements, the concept of studying protons and neutrons is no longer significant. As far as the atoms of gaseous state are concerned, electrons possess the minimum required potential energy. In this way, electrons of gaseous atoms remain above the middle of clamped energy knots in more than half the length, and they keep on experiencing the maximum required levitational force along the north pole. In atoms of solid state, electrons possess the maximum required potential energy. In this way, electrons of solid atoms remain below the middle of clamped energy knots in more than half the length, and they keep on experiencing the maximum required gravitational force along the south pole. Each transition state of the atom is under the established relation of energy and force. Under transitional energy of an atom, electrons undertake infinitesimal displacements within the clamped energy knots, where orientational force keeps on engaging them to introduce the recovery, neutral, re-crystallization and liquid states. Electrons left to the center of atom orientate from north to east clockwise and electrons right to the centre of atom orientate from north to west anti-clockwise during the conversion of gaseous atom to liquid state. On the other hand, electrons left to the center of atom orientate from south to east anti-clockwise and electrons right to the center of atom orientate from south to west clockwise during the conversion of solid atom to liquid state. These fundamental revolutions shed new light on the development of sustainable science and engineering.