bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional nanoframes with dual rims
Authors: Yoo Sungjae , Kim Jeongwon , Choi Sungwoo , Park Doojae , Park Sungho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of highly complex two-dimensional (2D) metal nanoframes remains a great challenge. Synthetic strategies for preparing 2D metal nanoframes are few, and rational and systematic synthetic pathways to more complicated architectures have not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrate a stepwise synthetic strategy for complex 2D metal nanoframes with a high degree of intricacy; the strategy leads to a variety of shapes, including rings, triangles, hexagons, and tripods with tailorable single or double frames in a single entity. These nanoframes of high homogeneity could be obtained through selective combination of four different chemical toolkits consisting of selective etching and deposition on certain facets, and concentric and/or eccentric regrowth by controlling the mismatches of lattice constants of metals. The resulting nanoframes were highly homogeneous in size and shape and had van der Waals interactions that maximized rim-to-rim contact, allowing them to uniquely self-assemble into large-area superstructures.
Characterization of corrosion resistance of C/C–SiC composite in molten chloride mixture MgCl2/NaCl/KCl at 700 °C
Authors: Ding Wenjin , Shi Yuan , Kessel Fiona , Koch Dietmar , Bauer Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to their high thermal stability and low cost, molten chlorides are promising high-temperature fluids for example for thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants and other applications. However, the commercial application of molten chlorides is strongly limited due to their strong corrosivity against commercial alloys at high temperatures. The work addresses on a fundamental level whether carbon based composite ceramics could be potentially utilized for some corrosion critical components. Liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) based carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (called C/C–SiC) composite is immersed in a molten chloride salt (MgCl2/NaCl/KCl 60/20/20 mole%) at 700 °C for 500 h under argon atmosphere. The material properties and microstructure of the C/C–SiC composite with and without exposure in the molten chloride salt have been investigated through mechanical testing and analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) scanning. The results reveal that the C/C–SiC composite maintains its mechanical properties after exposure in the strongly corrosive molten chloride salt. The oxidizing impurities in the molten salt react only with residual elemental silicon (Si) in the area of the C/C–SiC matrix. In comparison, no indication of reaction between the molten chloride salt and carbon fiber or SiC in the matrix is observed. In conclusion, the investigated C/C–SiC composite has a sound application potential as a structural material for high-temperature TES and HTF with molten chlorides due to its excellent corrosion resistance and favorable mechanical properties at high temperatures.
An Electrical Characterisation Methodology for Benchmarking Memristive Device Technologies
Authors: Stathopoulos Spyros , Michalas Loukas , Khiat Ali , Serb Alexantrou , Prodromakis Themis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe emergence of memristor technologies brings new prospects for modern electronics via enabling novel in-memory computing solutions and energy-efficient and scalable reconfigurable hardware implementations. Several competing memristor technologies have been presented with each bearing distinct performance metrics across multi-bit memory capacity, low-power operation, endurance, retention and stability. Application needs however are constantly driving the push towards higher performance, which necessitates the introduction of a standard benchmarking procedure for fair evaluation across distinct key metrics. Here we present an electrical characterisation methodology that amalgamates several testing protocols in an appropriate sequence adapted for memristors benchmarking needs, in a technology-agnostic manner. Our approach is designed to extract information on all aspects of device behaviour, ranging from deciphering underlying physical mechanisms to assessing different aspects of electrical performance and even generating data-driven device-specific models. Importantly, it relies solely on standard electrical characterisation instrumentation that is accessible in most electronics laboratories and can thus serve as an independent tool for understanding and designing new memristive device technologies.
AFM nanoindentation reveals decrease of elastic modulus of lipid bilayers near freezing point of water
Authors: Gabbutt Calum , Shen Wuyi , Seifert Jacob , Contera Sonia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell lipid membranes are the primary site of irreversible injury during freezing/thawing and cryopreservation of cells, but the underlying causes remain unknown. Here, we probe the effect of cooling from 20 °C to 0 °C on the structure and mechanical properties of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and AFM-based nanoindentation in a liquid environment. The Young’s modulus of elasticity (E)at each temperature for DPPC was obtained at different ionic strengths. Both at 20 mM and 150 mM NaCl,Eof DPPC bilayers increases exponentially –as expected–as the temperature is lowered between 20 °C and 5 °C, but at 0 °CEdrops from the values measured at 5 °C. Our results support the hypothesis that mechanical weakening of the bilayer at 0 °C is produced by structural changes at the lipid-fluid interface.
Anthropogenic substrate-borne vibrations impact anuran calling
Authors: Caorsi Valentina , Guerra Vinicius , Furtado Raíssa , Llusia Diego , Miron Lívia Roese , Borges-Martins Márcio , Both Camila , Narins Peter M. , Meenderink Sebastiaan W. F. , Márquez Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbance is a major cause of the biodiversity crisis. Nevertheless, the role of anthropogenic substrate vibrations in disrupting animal behavior is poorly understood. Amphibians comprise the terrestrial vertebrates most sensitive to vibrations, and since communication is crucial to their survival and reproduction, they are a suitable model for investigating this timely subject. Playback tests were used to assess the effects of substrate vibrations produced by two sources of anthropogenic activity– road traffic and wind turbines– on the calling activity of a naïve population of terrestrial toads. In their natural habitat, a buried tactile sound transducer was used to emit simulated traffic and wind turbine vibrations, and changes in the toads’ acoustic responses were analyzed by measuring parameters important for reproductive success: call rate, call duration and dominant frequency. Our results showed a significant call rate reduction by males ofAlytes obstetricansin response to both seismic sources, whereas other parameters remained stable. Since females of several species prefer males with higher call rates, our results suggest that anthropogenically derived substrate-borne vibrations could reduce individual reproductive success. Our study demonstrates a clear negative effect of anthropogenic vibrations on anuran communication, and the urgent need for further investigation in this area.
On the first evidence of exchange-bias feature in magnetically contrasted consolidates made from CoFe2O4-CoO core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Flores-Martinez Nancy , Franceschin Giulia , Gaudisson Thomas , Haj-Khlifa Sonia , Derouich Sarra Gam , Yaacoub Nader , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Menguy Nicolas , Valenzuela Raul , Ammar Souad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHetero-nanostructures based on magnetic contrast oxides have been prepared as highly dense nanoconsolidates. Cobalt ferrite-cobalt oxide core-shell type nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by seed mediated growth in polyol and subsequently consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 500 °C for a few minutes while applying a uniaxial pressure of 100 MPa. It is interesting to note that the exchange bias feature observed in the core-shell NPs is reproduced in their ceramic counterparts, or even attenuated. A systematic structural characterization was then carried out to elucidate the decrease in the exchange magnetic field, involving mainly advanced X-ray diffraction, zero-field and in-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, magnetic measurements and electron microscopy.
Comparison of Escherichia coli surface attachment methods for single-cell microscopy
Authors: Wang Yao-Kuan , Krasnopeeva Ekaterina , Lin Ssu-Yuan , Bai Fan , Pilizota Teuta , Lo Chien-Jung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor in vivo, single-cell imaging bacterial cells are commonly immobilised via physical confinement or surface attachment. Different surface attachment methods have been used both for atomic force and optical microscopy (including super resolution), and some have been reported to affect bacterial physiology. However, a systematic comparison of the effects these attachment methods have on the bacterial physiology is lacking. Here we present such a comparison for bacterium Escherichia coli, and assess the growth rate, size and intracellular pH of cells growing attached to different, commonly used, surfaces. We demonstrate that E. coli grow at the same rate, length and internal pH on all the tested surfaces when in the same growth medium. The result suggests that tested attachment methods can be used interchangeably when studying E. coli physiology.
Lipid and DHA-production in Aurantiochytrium sp. – Responses to nitrogen starvation and oxygen limitation revealed by analyses of production kinetics and global transcriptomes
Authors: Heggeset Tonje M. B. , Ertesvåg Helga , Liu Bin , Ellingsen Trond E. , Vadstein Olav , Aasen Inga Marie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThraustochytrids of the genera Schizochytrium and Aurantiochytrium accumulate oils rich in the essential, marine n3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA production in Aurantiochytrium sp T66 was studied with the aim to provide more knowledge about factors that affect the DHA-productivities and the contributions of the two enzyme systems used for fatty acid synthesis in thraustochytrids, fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and PUFA-synthase. Fermentations with nitrogen starvation, which is well-known to initiate lipid accumulation in oleaginous organisms, were compared to fermentations with nitrogen in excess, obtained by oxygen limitation. The specific productivities of fatty acids originating from FAS were considerably higher under nitrogen starvation than with nitrogen in excess, while the specific productivities of DHA were the same at both conditions. Global transcriptome analysis showed significant up-regulation of FAS under N-deficient conditions, while the PUFA-synthase genes were only marginally upregulated. Neither of them was upregulated under O2-limitation where nitrogen was in excess, suggesting that N-starvation mainly affects the FAS and may be less important for the PUFA-synthase. The transcriptome analysis also revealed responses likely to be related to the generation of reducing power (NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis.
Quantum spin-valley Hall effect in AB-stacked bilayer silicene
Authors: Lee Kyu Won , Lee Cheol Eui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur density functional theory calculations show that while AB-stacked bilayer silicene has a non-quantized spin-valley Chern number, there exist backscattering-free gapless edge states within the bulk gap, leading to a quantum spin-valley Hall effect. Using a tight-binding model for a honeycomb bilayer, we found that the interlayer potential difference and the staggered AB-sublattice potential lead to abrupt and gradual change of the valley Chern number from a quantized value to zero, respectively, while maintaining backscattering-free gapless edge states if the valley Chern number is not too close to zero. Under an inversion symmetry-breaking potential in the form of the staggered AB-sublattice potential, such as an antiferromagnetic order and a hexagonal diatomic sheet, a finite but non-quantized (spin-)valley Chern number can correspond to a quantum (spin-)valley Hall insulator.
Markers of endothelial pathology to support detection of atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Ziegler Nora L. , Sieweke Jan-Thorben , Biber Saskia , Gabriel Maria M. , Schuppner Ramona , Worthmann Hans , Martens-Lobenhoffer Jens , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Bode-Böger Stefanie M. , Bavendiek Udo , Weissenborn Karin , Grosse Gerrit M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA relevant part of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) is assumed to be cardiogenic. As shown previously, certain biomarkers of endothelial pathology are related to atrial fibrillation (AF). In this long-term follow-up study, we aimed to investigate whether these biomarkers are associated with subsequently diagnosed AF and with atrial cardiopathy. In 98 patients who suffered ischemic stroke of known and unknown origin L-arginine, Asymmetric (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) have been measured on follow-up at least one year after index stroke. Stroke-diagnostics were available for all patients, including carotid Intima-Media-Thickness (CIMT) and comprehensive echocardiography studies. CIMT was larger in AF- compared with ESUS-patients (P < 0.001), independently from CHA2DS2VASC in the regression analysis (P = 0.004). SDMA-values were stable over time (P < 0.001; r = 0.788), whereas for ADMA moderate correlation with the initial values could be found (P = 0.007; r = 0.356). According to Kaplan-Meier-analyses, AF-detection rates were associated with CIMT (P = 0.003) and SDMA (P < 0.001). SDMA correlated with left atrial volume-index within the whole collective (P = 0.003, r = 0.322) and within the ESUS-subgroup (P = 0.003; r = 0.446). These associations were independent from CHA2DS2VASC and renal function in the regression analysis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, these results highlight SDMA and CIMT as potential markers of atrial cardiopathy and AF in ESUS-patients.
The bradykinin system in stress and anxiety in humans and mice
Authors: Rouhiainen Ari , Kulesskaya Natalia , Mennesson Marie , Misiewicz Zuzanna , Sipilä Tessa , Sokolowska Ewa , Trontti Kalevi , Urpa Lea , McEntegart William , Saarnio Suvi , Hyytiä Petri , Hovatta Iiris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPharmacological research in mice and human genetic analyses suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may regulate anxiety. We examined the role of the KKS in anxiety and stress in both species. In human genetic association analysis, variants in genes for the bradykinin precursor (KNG1) and the bradykinin receptors (BDKRB1andBDKRB2) were associated with anxiety disorders (p < 0.05). In mice, however, neither acute nor chronic stress affected B1 receptor gene or protein expression, and B1 receptor antagonists had no effect on anxiety tests measuring approach-avoidance conflict. We thus focused on the B2 receptor and found that mice injected with the B2 antagonist WIN 64338 had lowered levels of a physiological anxiety measure, the stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), vs controls. In the brown adipose tissue, a major thermoregulator, WIN 64338 increased expression of the mitochondrial regulatorPgc1aand the bradykinin precursor geneKng2was upregulated after cold stress. Our data suggests that the bradykinin system modulates a variety of stress responses through B2 receptor-mediated effects, but systemic antagonists of the B2 receptor were not anxiolytic in mice. Genetic variants in the bradykinin receptor genes may predispose to anxiety disorders in humans by affecting their function.
Immune check point inhibitors-induced hypophysitis: a retrospective analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Garon-Czmil Julie , Petitpain Nadine , Rouby Franck , Sassier Marion , Babai Samy , Yéléhé-Okouma Mélissa , Weryha Georges , Klein Marc , Gillet Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmune control point (ICI) inhibitors represent a significant advance in the management and survival of cancers such as melanoma or non-small cell bronchial carcinoma. However, they induce unusual side effects, such as hypophysitis, which are rarely described elsewhere. This nationwide retrospective study describes the characteristics of hypophysitis reported in the French pharmacovigilance database (FPVD). We requested for all cases of ICI-related hypophysitis registered in the FPVD before May 2018. An endocrinologist and a pharmacologist reviewed all cases. About 94 pituitary cases were selected, involving 49 females and 45 men. Ipilimumab alone or in combination was the most represented ICI (56%). Most cases (61%) were grade 3 severity and the majority (90%) were corticotropic deficiency cases. Cases with thyroid and/or gonadotropic involvement were 21% and 1% respectively. Five patients (8%) had panhypopituitarism. Pituitary MRI, when performed, was in favor of hypophysitis in 50%. No patient recovered his previous hormonal function. The mean time of onset was significantly shorter with ipilimumab than other ICIs. ICI-related hypophysitis generate deficits that do not spontaneously recover, even at a distance from the event, unlike thyroiditis. Patients must then benefit from long-term coordinated onco-endocrinological management, adapted to their own specific deficits.
Faecal pollution affects abundance and diversity of aquatic microbial community in anthropo-zoogenically influenced lotic ecosystems
Authors: Paruch Lisa , Paruch Adam M. , Eiken Hans Geir , Sørheim Roald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aquatic microbiota is known to be an important factor in the sustainability of the natural water ecosystems. However, the microbial community also might include pathogens, which result in very serious waterborne diseases in humans and animals. Faecal pollution is the major cause of these diseases. Therefore, it is of immense importance to assess the potential impact of faecal pollution, originating from both anthropogenic and zoogenic sources, on the profile of microbial communities in natural water environments. To this end, the microbial taxonomic diversity of lotic ecosystems in different regions of Norway, representing urban and rural areas, exposed to various levels of faecal pollution, was investigated over the course of a 1-year period. The highest microbial diversity was found in rural water that was the least faecally polluted, while the lowest was found in urban water with the highest faecal contamination. The overall diversity of the aquatic microbial community was significantly reduced in severely polluted water. In addition, the community compositions diverged between waters where the dominant pollution sources were of anthropogenic or zoogenic origin. The results provide new insight into the understanding of how faecal water contamination, specifically that of different origins, influences the microbial diversity of natural waters.
Transcontinental dispersal of Anopheles gambiae occurred from West African origin via serial founder events
Authors: Schmidt Hanno , Lee Yoosook , Collier Travis C. , Hanemaaijer Mark J. , Kirstein Oscar D. , Ouledi Ahmed , Muleba Mbanga , Norris Douglas E. , Slatkin Montgomery , Cornel Anthony J. , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-Saharan Africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an African malaria vector. Here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east Africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the Comoros. Genetic distances between populations of A. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in which the species increases its range from west to east Africa through consecutive founder events over the last ~200,000 years. Geological barriers like the Congo River basin and the East African rift seem to play an important role in shaping this process. Moreover, we find a high degree of genetic isolation of populations on the Comoros, confirming the potential of these islands as candidate sites for potential field trials of genetically engineered mosquitoes for malaria control.
Characterization of the heavy metal binding properties of periplasmic metal uptake protein CLas-ZnuA2
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Dalal Vikram , Sharma Nidhi , Kokane Sunil , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Kumar Pravindra , Sharma Ashwani Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), a phloem-limited unculturable Gram-negative bacterium, causes citrus greening disease. The proteome analysis of CLas showed the presence of a heavy metal permease and Co/Zn/Cd cation exporter system. However, there is no designated metal uptake protein specific for the heavy metal permease in CLas. One of the metal uptake proteins, designated as CLas-ZnuA2, in our previous studies, showed a lower metal-binding affinity for Mn2+ and Zn2+ and was postulated to bind and transport metals rather non-specifically. The present study focused on the characterization of the heavy metal binding properties of CLas-ZnuA2 using SPR, CD, DSC and crystallographic studies. The crystal structure analysis of Cd2+ bound CLas-ZnuA2 showed octahedral geometry for Cd2+ binding as compared to a non-preferred square-pyramidal geometry for Mn2+ and Zn2+ binding in earlier reported crystal structures. In SPR analysis, the binding affinities of 4.7 × 10−6 M, 7.2 × 10−6 M, 5.3 × 10−5 M and 4.3 × 10−5 M for Hg2+, Cd2+, Ba2+ and Co2+ respectively were higher as compared to earlier reported values for Mn2+ and Zn2+. Likewise, CD and DSC analysis showed relatively higher thermal stability for CLas-ZnuA2 on heavy metal binding. Taken together with the expression of the permease and exporter system for heavy metals, our results indicate that CLas-ZnuA2 may be involved in sequestering and transport of various transition divalent metals in environmentally stressed conditions.
Nadelöhr Geburt
Authors: Bollermann Eva-Maria 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDie Geburt bedeutet eine Herausforderung für die Morphologie des Neugeborenen und seines Beckens, insbesondere bei Mehrlingsschwangerschaften, sehr kleinem Uterus oder einer frühen Positionierung des Kindes in Beckenendlage. Der im Fall vorgestellte Säugling zeigt eine Fechterhaltung, Wirbelsäulenkrümmung und Kopfrotation nach rechts sowie eingeschränkte Beweglichkeit, Starre und asymmetrischen Zug im Bereich von Sakrum und Ilium. Durch Regulierung des Körperrhythmus (PRM) sowie Positionierung und Mobilisierung von Sakrum und Darmbeinschaufel gelangt das Kind nach nur einer Behandlung wieder in eine symmetrische Haltung und Bewegung.