SISTEM LAPISAN SOSIAL DAN SISTEM KEAGAMAAN MEGALITIK-HINDU KUNO DI LIMA WILAYAH KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
Authors: Hindarto Teguh , Ansori Chusni 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>The existence of a number of ancient Megalithic and Hindu artifacts in five districts in Kebumen Regency is still lacking in assessment, especially from a sociological perspective. Its existence is dominated by a number of narratives that are mythological rather than historical and sociological. The research method used in this study is qualitative with an exploratory and descriptive approach. This study was analyzed using Structural Functional Theory. The research results show that the ancient Kebumen area is home to several layers of older people who lived in the Megalithic era marked by the presence of a number of terraces and andesite stone structures. The next layer of society is the ancient Hindu era of Shiva worshipers, which is marked by the presence of a number of Lingga and Yoni and Ganesha. Although minus documentary data regarding the existence of people who left behind the legacy of ancient Megalithic and Hinduism, but through the analysis of material social facts the existence of artifacts and analysis of religious symbols, a number of initial conclusions were formed which became the basis for subsequent sociological research. Based on available data it can be concluded that various ancient socio-religious layers have contributed to shaping the socio-cultural life of the Kebumen community today.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Megalithic</em><em>;</em><em> Hinduism</em><em>;</em><em> Shivaism</em><em>;</em><em> Social Layer</em><em>;</em><em> Religious Systems</em><em>;</em><em> Social Facts</em><em>;</em><em> Social Stratification</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>emeinschaft</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>eselsch</em><em>a</em><em>ft</em><em>.</em><strong></strong></p><h2> </h2><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Keberadaan sejumlah sebaran artefak Megalitik dan Hindu kuno di lima kecamatan di Kabupeten Kebumen masih minim pengkajian khususnya dari perspektif sosiologis. Keberadaannya lebih didominasi oleh sejumlah narasi yang bersifat mitologis tinimbang historis dan sosiologis.. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplorasi dan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori Fungsional Struktural. Hasil riset menujukkan bahwa wilayah Kebumen kuno merupakan tempat tinggal beberapa lapisan masyarakat lebih tua yang hidup di era Megalitik yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah punden berundak dan struktur batu andesit. Lapisan masyarakat berikutnya adalah masyarakat era Hindu kuno pemuja Siwa yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah Lingga dan Yoni serta Ganesha. Sekalipun minus data dokumenter mengenai keberadaan masyarakat yang meninggalkan warisan Megalitik dan Hindu kuno, namun melalui analisis fakta sosial material keberadaan artefak dan analisis simbol-simbol keagamaan, didapatkan sejumlah kesimpulan awal yang menjadi landasan bagi penelitian sosiologis berikutnya. Berdasarkan data yang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa berbagai lapisan sosial keagamaan kuno telah berkontribusi membentuk kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat Kebumen masa kini. </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>Megalitik, Hinduisme, Siwaisme, Lapisan Sosial, Sistem Keagamaan, Fakta Sosial, Stratifikasi Sosial, Paguyuban, Patembayan.</p>