bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal cone photoreceptor distribution in the American black bear (Ursus americanus)
Authors: Heyward Jennifer L. , Reynolds Benjamin D. , Foster Melanie L. , Archibald Kate E. , Stoskopf Michael K. , Mowat Freya M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe distribution of cone photoreceptor subtypes (important for color vision and vision quality) varies widely in different carnivore species, but there have been limited studies on bear (ursid) cone distribution. A previous behavioral study suggests that American black bears (Ursus americanus) are dichromatic, indicating that they possess two cone subtypes, although the retinal distribution of cones is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the subtype and topography of cones in American black bear retinas to further predict the nature of their color vision and image resolution. We studied 10 eyes from seven individual legally hunted black bears in northeastern North Carolina. Cryosections and retinal wholemounts were labeled using antibodies targeting two cone opsin subtypes: long/medium (L/M) wavelength sensitive and short (S) wavelength sensitive. Cones in fluorescent microscopy images were counted and density maps were created for retinal wholemounts. The black bear retina contains both cone subtypes and L/M cones outnumber S cones by at least 3:1, a finding confirmed in retinal frozen sections. There are higher concentrations of S cones present than typically seen in other carnivores with some evidence for co‐expression of L/M and S cones. A cone‐dense area centralis is present dorsotemporal to the optic nerve, similar to other carnivores. These results confirm that American black bears are predicted to have a dichromatic vision with high acuity indicated by the presence of a dorsotemporally located area centralis.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluations of 1‐benzylquinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione bearing different moieties as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , El‐Helby Abdel‐Ghany A. , Sakr Helmy , El‐Hddad Sanadelaslam S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel series of 1‐benzylquinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione derivatives, 6a,b to 11a–e, was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cells. Compounds 11b, 11e, and 11c were found to be the most potent derivatives of all tested compounds against the HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines, with GI50 = 9.16 ± 0.8, 5.69 ± 0.4, 5.27 ± 0.2 µM, 9.32 ± 0.9, 6.37 ± 0.7, 5.67 ± 0.5 µM, and 9.39 ± 0.5, 6.87 ± 0.7, 5.80 ± 0.4 µM, respectively. These compounds exhibited nearly the same activity as sorafenib against HepG2 and HCT‐116 cells and a higher activity against MCF‐7 cells (GI50 = 9.18 ± 0.6, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively). Also, these compounds displayed a lower activity than doxorubicin against HepG2 cells and a higher activity against HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cells (GI50 = 7.94 ± 0.6, 8.07 ± 0.8, and 6.75 ± 0.4 µM, respectively). The most active antiproliferative derivatives, 6a,b, 8, 9, and 11a–e, were selected to evaluate their enzymatic inhibitory activity against VEGFR‐2. Compounds 11b, 11e, and 11c potently inhibited VEGFR‐2 at IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, and 0.13 ± 0.02 µM, respectively, which are nearly equipotent as sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for all synthesized compounds to assess their binding pattern and affinity toward the VEGFR‐2 active site.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Nb‐Doped Anatase TiO2 Microbeads in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Lindberg Simon , Cavallo Carmen , Calcagno Giulio , Navarro‐Suárez Adriana M. , Johansson Patrik , Matic Aleksandar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTiO2 is a promising material for high‐power battery and supercapacitor applications. However, in general TiO2 suffers from an initial irreversible capacity that limits its use in different applications. A combination of a microbead morphology, Nb‐doping, and the use of an ionic liquid electrolyte is shown to significantly decrease the irreversible capacity loss. A change in the electrochemical response in the first cycles indicates formation of a solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) or a modification of the structure of the surface layer of the TiO2/Nb microbeads, which apparently stabilises the performance. The change in the response is manifested in an increased charge transfer resistance and the presence of two charge transfer contributions. During prolonged cycling the TiO2/Nb electrode shows an excellent stability over 5000 cycles. Ex situ analysis after cycling shows that the overall microbead morphology is intact and that there are no changes in the crystal structure. However, a decrease in the intensity of the XRD pattern can point to a decrease in size of the nanocrystals building up the microbeads or the formation of amorphous phases.
Regenwürmer als Partner bei der Bodennutzung
Authors: Schrader Stefan , van Capelle Christine , Meyer‐Wolfarth Friederike 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungRegenwürmer sind Leistungsträger innerhalb des Bodennahrungsnetzes und erbringen zahlreiche ökologische Dienstleistungen. So fördern sie Bodenstrukturbildung, Bodengesundheit, Nährstoffverfügbarkeit, Belüftung, Wasserspeicherung sowie Widerstands‐ und Regenerationsfähigkeit von Böden. Dieses große Leistungsspektrum hilft Fruchtbarkeit und Produktivität landwirtschaftlich genutzter Böden nachhaltig zu gewährleisten. Eine Förderung der Regenwürmer durch angepasste, bodenschonende Managementmaßnahmen ist unerlässlich, um die natürlichen Ressourcen der Regenwürmer optimal zu nutzen. Ein synergistisches Zusammenspiel aus Leistungen der Regenwürmer und landwirtschaftlichem Management ist daher ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz, um Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Ertragssicherheit zukünftig nachhaltig zu sichern.
4‐Methylamino antipyrine determination in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nikitina Aleksandra , Gildeeva Geliia , Grigoriev Alexander , Sidorova Alla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a simple and rapid method for metamizole metabolite 4‐methylamino antipyrine (MAA) determination in human plasma was developed, validated and successfully applied to a clinical trial. Chromatographic separation was achieved in HILIC mode on a YMC‐Pack SIL column (100 × 2.0 mm; S‐5 μm, 30 nm), with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water and formic acid. Protein precipitation of a small plasma volume using acetonitrile was selected for sample preparation. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions in the positive ionization mode were m/z 218.2 → 56.2 for MAA and m/z 221.2 → 56.2 for MAA‐d3 (IS, internal standard). Concentration levels of MAA calibration standards were in the range of 0.100–20 μg/ml. Metamizole conversion into MAA in both water and organic media was investigated, and the level of the conversion in commercially available injection solutions was estimated.
Ethnicity and insurance status predict metastatic disease presentation in prostate, breast, and non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Aghdam Nima , McGunigal Mary , Wang Haijun , Repka Michael C. , Mete Mihriye , Fernandez Stephen , Dash Chiranjeev , Al‐Refaie Waddah B. , Unger Keith R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEthnicity and insurance status have been shown to impact odds of presenting with metastatic cancer, however, the interaction of these two predictors is not well understood. We evaluate the difference in odds of presenting with metastatic disease in minorities compared to white patients despite access to the same insurance across three common cancer types.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, a multilevel logistic regression model that estimated the odds of metastatic disease was fit, adjusting for covariates including year of diagnosis, ethnicity, insurance, income, and region. We included adults diagnosed with metastatic prostate, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and breast cancer from 2004 to 2015.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 1 191 241 prostate cancer (PCa), 1 310 986 breast cancer (BCa), and 1 183 029 NSCLC patients. Private insurance was the most protective factor against metastatic presentation. Odds of presenting with metastatic disease were 0.190 [95% CI, 0.182‐0.198], 0.616 [95% CI, 0.602‐0.630], and 0.270 [95% CI, 0.260‐0.279] for PCa, NSCLC, and BCa compared to uninsured patients, respectively. Private insurance provided the most significant benefit to non‐Hispanic White PCa patients with 81% reduction in odds of metastatic presentation and conferred the least benefit to African‐American NSCLC patients at 30.4% reduction in odds of metastatic presentation.ConclusionsInsurance status provided the single most protective effect against metastatic presentation. This benefit varied for minorities despite similar insurance. Reducing metastatic disease presentation rates requires addressing social barriers to care independent of insurance.
Criminal career duration: Predictability from self‐reports and official records
Authors: Ahonen Lia , FitzGerald Douglas , Klingensmith Kaylee , Farrington David P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCriminal career duration has not been well investigated. There are very few longitudinal data sets that last long enough and enough subjects to investigate criminal career duration, and especially the characteristics and risk profiles of especially life course persistent offenders. The aim of the study was to describe the predictability of criminal career duration based on both official records and self‐reports of offending, and to put the results in the context of the Moffitt theory of “adolescent limited” and “life course persistent” offenders. The Pittsburgh Youth Study (n = 1517) is a seminal longitudinal study based on a community sample of high‐risk boys from the city of Pittsburgh. Data was used from the oldest sample of boys in the PYS (N = 506). The participants were first assessed on average at age 12, and data was used up until age 36 for self‐reported offending, and age 40 for police charges. The analyses were conducted on moderate and serious violence and moderate and serious theft. Career duration was based on self‐reports and official charges in combination. The results show the extent to which commonly accepted and well validated risk factors predict criminal career duration with a special focus on individuals showing high rate/persistent offending in adolescence. Results show more pathways of delinquent development than have previously been described by Moffitt, (Psychological Review, 1993, 100(4), 674–701). Results also show that there is limited predictability of delinquency and offending over time. In addition, results show that only a small number of risk factors distinguish high and low rate adolescent offenders who become continuous offenders. Examples are peer factors. Implications for policy making and intervention science are discussed.
Intraoperative detection of second inferior vena cava during para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for advanced‐staged ovarian cancer: Lessons to be learned
Authors: Petousis Stamatios , Margioula‐Siarkou Chrysoula , Navarro Beatriz , Mavromatidis George , Dinas Konstantinos , Guyon Frederic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the presence of second inferior vena cava may alter the extent of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy, early preoperative imaging diagnosis is of great significance to avoid intraoperative difficulties.
Transient swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia in a patient with genotyped hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fujino Noboru , Hayashi Kenshi , Sakata Kenji , Tada Hayato , Nakanishi Chiaki , Tsuda Toyonobu , Nomura Akihiro , Yoshida Shohei , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Kato Takeshi , Furusho Hiroshi , Kawashiri Masa‐aki , Takamura Masayuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost cases of swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia require radiofrequency catheter ablation for a permanent cure; however, the arrhythmia subsided after temporary prescription of verapamil in a patient with genotyped hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Imidazolium‐Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Mao Min‐Jie , Zhang Meng‐Di , Meng Dong‐Li , Chen Jian‐Xin , He Chang , Huang Yuan‐Biao , Cao Rong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe highly selective production of reduced multicarbon products with long‐term durability for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) using clean and renewable electricity is currently a major challenge. Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are exceptionally advantageous for CO2RR to yield multielectron transfer chemical products such as ethylene and ethanol. However, Cu NPs for CO2RR generally require high overpotential to produce multiple electron transfer C2+ products with poor stability. Herein, an imidazolium‐functionalized covalent triazine framework (ICTF) stabilized Cu NPs (Cu/ICTF) for the enhanced CO2RR to produce ethylene is reported. The imidazolium groups in the cationic ICTF not only can enhance CO2 capture capacity and lower the energetic barrier to activate CO2, but also the in situ formed N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) could stabilize Cu NPs to prevent their deactivation. Thus, the Cu/ICTF demonstrated higher selectivity (35 %) for the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene with larger partial current density of ethylene (4.14 mA cm−2) over the unmodified neutral CTF stabilized Cu NPs (Cu/CTF) with 29 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ethylene and current density of 3.69 mA cm−2. Moreover, the active sites could be stabilized by the in situ produced NHC in ICTF and the current density and C2H4 FE of Cu/ICTF50 were almost maintained after 10 h continuous electrolysis experiment, while the C2H4 FE of Cu/CTF50 were lost ca. 42 % of its original value after 7 h. This strategy provides a facile approach to stabilize active sites for CO2RR and may bring new inspiration to apply in energy storage and conversion.
Mild and Selective Carbon Dioxide Hydroboration to Methoxyboranes Catalyzed by Mn(I) PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Kostera Sylwia , Peruzzini Maurizio , Kirchner Karl , Gonsalvi Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWell‐defined Mn(I)‐PNP pincer‐type complexes were tested as non‐precious transition metal catalysts for the selective reduction of CO2 to boryl‐protected MeOH in the presence of hydroboranes (HBpin, 9‐BBN) and borates as Lewis acids (LA) additives. The best performance was obtained under mild reaction conditions (1 bar CO2, 60 °C) in the presence of the hydridocarbonyl complex [MnH(PNPNH–iPr)(CO)2] and B(OPh)3 as co‐catalyst. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the initial activation step may occur by cationization of the metal center by the strong LA, and that both metal‐catalyzed and metal‐free steps are present in the overall catalytic system.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Zhonglu , Su Zhenping , Xu Wenhua , Shi Qing , Yi Jiajia , Bai Caihe , Wang Ning , Li Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe production of cyclic carbonates using CO2 and epoxides has received great attention due to 100 % atom utilization. Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Under the optimum condition using Zn‐porphyrin 1 as the catalyst, the turnover number (TON) and turnover number frequency (TOF) for the cycloaddition of CO2 and ECH were 11,629 and 1,735, respectively. In addition, analysis of the RSM indicated that the CO2 pressure had only a small impact on the yield. Based on this conclusion, the catalytic activity of 1 was further evaluated under mild conditions. Regardless of whether the CO2 pressure is high or ambient, this Zn‐porphyrin exhibited an excellent performance with a high turnover number frequency.
Stable overall water splitting in an asymmetric acid/alkaline electrolyzer comprising a bipolar membrane sandwiched by bifunctional cobalt‐nickel phosphide nanowire electrodes
Authors: Xu Junyuan , Amorim Isilda , Li Yue , Li Junjie , Yu Zhipeng , Zhang Bingsen , Araujo Ana , Zhang Nan , Liu Lifeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater splitting has been proposed to be a promising approach to producing clean hydrogen fuel. The two half‐reactions of water splitting, that is, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), take place kinetically fast in solutions with completely different pH values. Enabling HER and OER to simultaneously occur under kinetically favorable conditions while using exclusively low‐cost, earth‐abundant electrocatalysts is highly desirable but remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that using a bipolar membrane (BPM) we can accomplish HER in a strongly acidic solution and OER in a strongly basic solution, with bifunctional self‐supported cobalt‐nickel phosphide nanowire electrodes to catalyze both reactions. Such asymmetric acid/alkaline water electrolysis can be achieved at 1.567 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with ca. 100% Faradaic efficiency. Moreover, using an “irregular” BPM with unintentional crossover the voltage needed to afford 10 mA/cm2 can be reduced to 0.847 V, due to the assistance of electrochemical neutralization between acid and alkaline. Furthermore, we show that BPM‐based asymmetric water electrolysis can be accomplished in a circulated single‐cell electrolyzer delivering 10 mA/cm2 at 1.550 V and splitting water very stably for at least 25 hours, and that water electrolysis is enabled by a solar panel operating at 0.908 V (@13 mA/cm2), using an “irregular” BPM. BPM‐based asymmetric water electrolysis is a promising alternative to conventional proton and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.
A “Push–Pull” Stabilized Phosphinidene Supported by a Phosphine‐Functionalized β‐Diketiminato Ligand
Authors: Bestgen Sebastian , Mehta Meera , Johnstone Timothy C. , Roesky Peter W. , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of a bis(diphenyl)phosphine functionalized β‐diketiminato ligand, [HC{(CH3)C}2{(ortho‐[P(C6H5)2]2C6H4)N}2]− (PNac), as a support for germanium(II) and tin(II) chloride and phosphaketene compounds, is described. The conformational flexibility and hemilability of this unique ligand provide a versatile coordination environment that can accommodate the electronic needs of the ligated elements. For example, chloride abstraction from [(PNac)ECl] (E=Ge, Sn) affords the cationic germyliumylidene and stannyliumylidene species [(PNac)E]+ in which the pendant phosphine arms associate more strongly with the Lewis acidic main group element centers, providing further electronic stabilization. In a similar fashion, chemical decarbonylation of the germanium phosphaketene [(PNac)Ge(PCO)] with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane affords a “push–pull” stabilized phosphinidene in which one of the phosphine groups of the ligand backbone associates with the low valent phosphinidene center.
In Situ Construction of Pt–Ni NF@Ni‐MOF‐74 for Selective Hydrogenation of p‐Nitrostyrene by Ammonia Borane
Authors: Xu Jinhui , Zhu Junjiang , Liu Yu , Long Yan , Feng Jing , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Yibo , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPt–Ni nanoframes (Pt–Ni NFs) exhibit outstanding catalytic properties for several reactions owing to the large numbers of exposed surface active sites, but its stability and selectivity need to be improved. Herein, an in situ method for construction of a core–shell structured Pt‐Ni NF@Ni‐MOF‐74 is reported using Pt–Ni rhombic dodecahedral as self‐sacrificial template. The obtained sample exhibits not only 100 % conversion for the selective hydrogenation of p‐nitrostyrene to p‐aminostyrene conducted at room temperature, but also good selectivity (92 %) and high stability (no activity loss after fifteen runs) during the reaction. This is attributed to the Ni‐MOF‐74 shell in situ formed in the preparation process, which can stabilize the evolved Pt–Ni NF and donate electrons to the Pt metals that facilitate the preferential adsorption of electrophilic NO2 group. This study opens up new vistas for the design of highly active, selective, and stable noble‐metal‐containing materials for selective hydrogenation reactions.
Total Synthesis of Anti‐MRSA Active Diorcinols and Analogues
Authors: Boehlich G. Jacob , de Vries Jessica , Geismar Olivia , Gudzuhn Mirja , Streit Wolfgang R. , Wicha Sebastian G. , Schützenmeister Nina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiorcinols and related prenylated diaryl ethers were reported to exhibit activity against methicillin‐resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Within these lines, we report the first total synthesis of diorcinol D, I, J, the proposed structure of verticilatin and recently isolated antibacterial diaryl ether by using an efficient and highly divergent synthetic strategy. These total syntheses furnish the diaryl ethers in only five to seven steps employing a Pd‐catalyzed diaryl ether coupling as the key step. The total synthesis led to the structural revision of the natural product verticilatin, which has been isolated from a plant pathogenic fungus. Furthermore, these structures were tested in order to determine their antibacterial activities against different MRSA strains as well as further Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria.
Chemistry inside a Porphyrin Skeleton: Platinacyclopentadiene from Tellurophene
Authors: Pacholska‐Dudziak Ewa , Vetter Grzegorz , Góratowska Aleksandra , Białońska Agata , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatinum(II) binds to 21,23‐ditelluraporphyrin forming a side‐on complex, which can be easily transformed into an aromatic metallaporphyrin, that is, 21‐platina‐23‐telluraporphyrin, with a platinacyclopentadiene unit built in the porphyrin skeleton in place of one pyrrole ring. The central platinum(II) ion with a CCNTe square‐planar coordination sphere can be oxidized to platinum(IV) by chlorine, bromine, methyl iodide or allyl chloride to yield octahedral complexes. All platinatelluraporphyrins show dynamic behavior involving the platinum ion coordination sphere fluxionality and the porphyrin skeleton deformation, both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane, as demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Bioenergie – Chancen für die Zukunft
Authors: Bley Thomas 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungWelche Möglichkeiten bietet die Nutzung von Biomasse zur Energiegewinnung? Biomasse kann durch biotechnologische Verfahren in gasförmige (Methan) und flüssige (Ethanol) Energieträger umgewandelt, gespeichert und transportiert werden. Es wird unter anderem konstatiert, dass es sinnvoller wäre, diese Energieträger direkt für die Mobilität zu nutzen und nicht über den Umweg der Verstromung. Das Potenzial von Bioenergie wird exemplarisch an den drei Ländern Deutschland, Thailand und Kenia dargestellt. Die Nutzung der Bioenergien kann einen Beitrag zur Reduzierung der CO2‐Emissionen und zur Stabilisierung der Energieversorgung leisten.