bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To what extent are social determinants of health, including household overcrowding, air pollution and housing quality deprivation, modulators of presentation, ITU admission and outcomes among patients with SARS-COV-2 infection in an urban catchment area in Birmingham, United Kingdom?
Authors: Soltan Marina , Crowley LE , Melville CR , Varney Justin , Cassidy Sam , Mahida Rahul , Grudzinska Frances , Parekh Dhruv , Dosanjh Davinder P. , Thickett David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Internationally, researchers have called for evidence to support tackling health inequalities during the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(COVID19) pandemic. UK Office for National Statistics data suggests that patients in regions of most deprived overall, generic Index of Multiple Deprivation Score(IMDS) are twice as likely to die of COVID19 than other causes. The Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) report that BAME patients account for 34% of critically ill COVID19 patients nationally despite constituting 14% of the population. This paper is the first to explore the roles of social determinants of health, including specific IMDS sub-indices with indicators for household quality deprivation, household overcrowding deprivation and air pollution deprivation, as modulators of presentation, Intensive Care Unit(ITU) admission and outcomes among COVID19 patients of all ethnicities. Methods: An in-depth retrospective cohort study of 408 hospitalised COVID19 patients admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham was conducted. Quantitative data analyses including two-step cluster analyses were applied. Results: Patients admitted from highest living environment(LE) deprivation indices were at increased risk of presenting with multi-lobar pneumonia and, in turn, ITU admission whilst patients admitted from highest Barriers to Housing and Services(BHS) deprivation indices were at increased risk of ITU admission. Admission to ITU significantly increased the risk of death. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic(BAME) patients were more likely, than white patients, to present with multi-lobar pneumonia, be admitted to ITU and be admitted from highest BHS and LE deprivation indices. Comorbidities and frailty significantly increased the risk of death among COVID19 patients irrespective of deprivation.Conclusions: Air pollution and housing quality deprivation are potential modulators of presentation with multi-lobar pneumonia. Household overcrowding deprivation and presentation with multi-lobar pneumonia are potential modulators of ITU admission. Patents of BAME ethnicity are more likely to be admitted from regions of highest air pollution, housing quality and household overcrowding deprivation; this is likely to contribute an explanation towards the higher ITU admissions reported among COVID19 BAME patients. These findings have urgent implications for supporting front line clinical decisions, disseminating practical advice around applying social distancing messages at the household level and informing wider pandemic strategy.
Comparison of Ultrasound and 99mTc-DMSA Scan Findings with Voiding Cystourethrography in Detecting Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children
Authors: Farkhani Ahmad Ramezani , Hekmat Sepideh , Armandeh Jilla , Khodadost Mahmoud , Zarei Elham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urinary tract disorder in pediatrics and could increase the risk of severe complications. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and 99mTc-DMSA scan in detecting VUR in comparison with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) among children hospitalized with urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the total numbers of 540 children with UTI referred to Ali-Asghar children’s hospital were enrolled, from April 2017 to May 2019. All patients underwent US and VCUG , 99mTc-DMSA performed for some of them to detect VUR. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predicted value (NPV), positive predicted value (PPV) and Kappa agreement coefficient was used to compare the US and 99mTc-DMSA with VCUG results. Results: Among 540 patients, VUR was detected in 143 children on VCUG including 90 (63 %) with grades III –V. US was abnormal in 97 of 143 patients (67.8 %) with confirmed VUR on VCUG and 99mTc-DMSA scan was abnormal in 41 of 69 (59 %) with VUR detected by VCUG. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV for US were 61.30%, 67.83%, 58.94%, 37.31 and 83.57%, respectively. Among children with high grade VUR (grade III –V) on VCUG, the sensitivity, specificity and NPV of US were 80%, 58.2% and 93.60 respectively. However, when using both US and 99mTc-DMSA scan results for detecting the high grade VUR, the sensitivity, specificity and NPV were 92%, 42.30% and 93.20% respectively. Conclusion: Although neither the US nor the 99mTc-DMSA scan can alone be sufficiently accurate to detect all grades of VUR, US, especially when combined with 99mTc-DMSA scan has enough sensitivity and NPV for ruling out high-grade VUR. These results indicate that there is no need to do VCUG in children with normal US and 99mTc-DMSA scans.
Effect of Pre-treatment on Quality Attributes of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Oil Expressed using an Oil Expeller: A Response Surface Approach
Authors: Ogunlade Clement Adesoji , Aremu Ademola Kabir , Akinoso Rahman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Investigations into some unexploited oleaginous seeds is imperative to supplement existing ones and boost supply of vegetable oil (VO). This work determined the impact of pre-treatment on some quality attributes of VO expressed from Pentaclethra macrophylla kernels using an oil expeller. Pre-treatment variables include Moisture Content (Mc), Roasting Temperature (RT), and Roasting Time (Rt) while quality parameters include pH, Iron content (IC), Acid Value (Av), Peroxide Value (Pv) and Saponification value (Sv). Standard procedures were followed in determination of oil quality and values obtained were compared with acceptable levels for VO. Optimum condition (8%db, 11.7 min Rt and 59.3oC RT) gave 5.8 pH, 0.044 mg/kg IC, 2.3 mgKOH/g AV, and 7 ml/g PV. The oil quality attributes conforms to acceptable levels for edible oils and was influenced by pre-treatment. The models developed to predict the relationships between pre-treatment and quality attributes are valid (p < 0.05).
Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Profiles of circRNAs in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wu Yuanbin , Cheng Nan , Zhang Yuhai , Li Libing , Mao Lei , Wang Rong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the circular RNAs (circRNA) expression profile and explore their potential functions in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: Using an STZ induced DCM model, microarray analysis was adopted to assess the circRNAs profiles. Then 6 differentially expressed circRNAs were confirmed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and TargetScan were used to reveal the underlying function of the differentially expressed circRNAs. Cytoscape was used to visualize the interaction networks as well. Results: We revealed a total of 171dyrgulated circRNAs, including 89 upregulated, and 82 downregulated circRNAs in DCM. And confirmed 5 circRNAs distinct expressions (rno_circRNA_000466, rno_circRNA_000964, rno_circRNA_003395, rno_circRNA_000173, rno_circRNA_013989) in DCM by qRT-PCR. GO, and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed the differentially expressed circRNAs might participate in the insulin signaling pathway, autophagy, HIF-1 signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels. rno_circRNA_000466 function through competing endogenous RNA mechanism, and may involve in the TGF-β signaling pathway, regulation of glucose transmembrane transport, endocrine process and response to lipoprotein particle. Conclusions: This study opens new avenues for a better understanding of the involvement of circRNA leading to DCM. And unveiled the specific role of rno_circRNA_000466 in the pathogenesis of DCM. These results may provide important information and direction for the future development of novel targets for the treatment of DCM.
A Classification Method for Judging the Depth of Chest Compression Based on CNN
Authors: Zhao Liang , Bao Yu , Ye Ruidong , Zhang Aijuan , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The displacement can be calculated based on the integrated value of the acceleration signal waveform obtained by the acceleration sensor or gyroscope. However, this method is not effective in accurate measurement. Although some studies have improved the method of calculating accurate distance values by overcoming the effects of sensor noise or integration delay, the evaluation is still affected by sensor accuracy and environment. However, there are some special displacements, such as the chest compression. The displacement is a reciprocating motion and will return to the starting point again. Therefore, the acceleration waveform changes have obvious characteristics in the two stages from moving to the equilibrium position and returning to the starting point. Therefore, we propose an embedded classification method based on one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which directly learns from the data of chest compressions and performs the signal formed by the Classification, distinguish the signal waveform under the standard pressing distance, so as to replace the calculation of distance measurement, and is not affected by factors such as pressure occlusion and electromagnetic wave interference, and has certain practical value on site. We tagged compressions and collected data from the simulator. The experiment evaluates the proposed CNN structure, and compares the classification results of the sample data with several CNN networks and SVMs with different structures in the literature. The results show that with sufficient training, the proposed 1D-CNN method can achieve an accuracy rate of more than 95%, and balances the accuracy rate and the hardware requirements.
Association of Plasma Lactate Level With 28-day Mortality in Non-elderly and Elderly Sepsis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the Mimic-III Database
Authors: Dong Yihua , Miao Xiaoyang , Hu Yufeng , Huang Yueyue , Chen Jie , Lu Yingru , Pan Jingye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical usefulness of lactate as a predictor of 28-day mortality and the relationship between lactate and 28-day mortality in non-elderly (<65 years) and elderly (≥65 years) sepsis patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This retrospective study used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅲ, a publicly available database of ICUs. Prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify the association lactate with 28-day mortality. We converted continuous variable lactate into a categorical variable based on tri-segment quantile to explore segmentation effects.Results: The average age of 2848 patients was 68.01 years old, and about 55.40% of them were male. The overall 28-day mortality was 30.41%, and the rate in elderly patients was 65.82%. Among non-survivors, the lactate level was significantly greater for the non-elderly than the elderly. Lactate level was positively associated with risk of 28-day mortality of the non-elderly sepsis patients (p for trend < 0.001), but there was no significant association between lactate level and 28-day mortality in the elderly group (p for trend = 0.830). The association between lactate and 28-day mortality for sepsis patients without liver cirrhosis was stronger than for sepsis patients with liver cirrhosis (OR 1.28 vs. OR 1.10, P =0.027).Conclusion: Increased lactate level is associated with higher 28-day mortality in the non-elderly sepsis patients, but there is no significant association between the lactate level and 28-day mortality in the elderly group.
Dual-atom Pt heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic performances for the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation
Authors: Tian Shubo , He Zizhan , Gong Wanbing , Xu Qi , Chen Wenxing , Zhu Youqi , Yang Jiarui , Fu Qiang , Chen Chun , Bu Yuxiang , Sun Xiaoming , Zhao Huijun , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Atomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency are ideal heterogeneous catalytic materials. Designing such type of catalysts, however, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, using a wet-chemical method, we successfully achieved a mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) supported dual-atom Pt2 catalyst, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. The conversion of ˃99% is significantly superior to the corresponding values of mpg-C3N4-supported single Pt atoms and ultra-small Pt nanoparticles. First-principles calculations revealed that the excellent performance of the dual-atomic Pt2 species originates from an effective activation of the nitro groups in the reactant. The produced Pt2/mpg-C3N4 samples are versatile and can be applied in catalyzing other important reactions, such as the selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and the epoxidation of styrene.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Singhal Sunny , Kumar Pramod , Singh Sumitabh , Saha Srishti , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Few studies have focused on exploring the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in older patients. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to have a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of older COVID-19 patients.Methods A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed from December 2019 to May 3rd, 2020. Observational studies including older adults (age ≥60 years) with COVID-19 infection and reporting clinical characteristics or outcome were included. Primary outcome was assessing weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of severity and outcomes. Secondary outcomes were clinical features including comorbidities and need of respiratory support.Result 46 studies with 13,624 older patients were included. Severe infection was seen in 51% (95% CI– 36-65%, I2- 95%) patients while 22% (95% CI– 16-28%, I2- 88%) were critically ill. Overall, 11% (95% CI– 5-21%, I2- 98%) patients died. The common comorbidities were hypertension (48%, 95% CI– 36-60% I2- 92%), diabetes mellitus (22%, 95% CI– 13-32%, I2- 86%) and cardiovascular disease (19%, 95% CI – 11-28%, I2- 85%). Common symptoms were fever (83%, 95% CI– 66-97%, I2-91%), cough (60%, 95% CI– 50-70%, I2- 71%) and dyspnoea (42%, 95% CI– 19-67%, I2- 94%). Overall, 84% (95% CI– 60-100%, I2- 81%) required oxygen support and 21% (95% CI– 0-49%, I2- 91%) required mechanical ventilation. Majority of studies had medium to high risk of bias and overall quality of evidence was low for all outcomes.Conclusion Approximately half of older patients with COVID-19 have severe infection, one in five are critically ill and one in ten die. More high quality evidence is needed to study outcomes in this vulnerable patient population and factors affecting these outcomes.
Suhuai suckling piglet ionomic-metabolome responses to different dietary copper level in antibiotic free creep feed
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zheng Weijiang , Xue Yongqiang , Yao Wen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: High levels of dietary copper may enhance co-selection in favor of antibiotic resistant bacteria and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance. This possibility necessitates further assessment of the safety and utility of supplementing feed with copper. Methods: Eighteen Suhuai sows at second parity were divided into 3 experimental groups in which their 180 suckling piglets had access to antibiotic free creep feed with different levels of copper supplementation: low copper diet (LC, 6 mg·kg -1 ), control diet (CON, 20 mg·kg -1 ), and high copper diet (HC, 300 mg·kg -1 ), which was offered ad libitum from day 14 until weaning at day 40. The growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, ionomic profiles (hair, serum, and feces), fecal significant metabolites of suckling piglets, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: In HC group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased during d 14 to 28 ( P < 0.05), but ADG was decreased with extension of feeding time (d 29 to 40) ( P < 0.01). Compared with the CON group, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( P < 0.05) was decreased while total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) ( P < 0.05) was increased in HC group. The hair Na ( P < 0.01) and K ( P < 0.01) concentrations were increased in HC group than CON group; hair Cu ( P < 0.01), fecal Cu ( P < 0.01) increased in the HC group than LC group. The hair Na and K were negatively correlated with serum TNF-α and fecal inosine ( P < 0.05), while positively correlated with serum insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) and T-AOC ( P < 0.05); the hair Cu was negatively correlated with serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total bile acid (TBA) and fecal putrescine, glucose-6-phosphate, fumaric acid ( P < 0.05); the fecal Cu was positively correlated with serum growth hormone ( P < 0.05), negatively correlated with fecal methionine, pantothenic acid, and uracil ( P < 0.05). Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the hair Cu was negatively correlated with phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, and mitochondrial electron transport chain pathways; fecal Cu was negatively correlated with betaine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways. Conclusions: Dietary 300 mg·kg -1 copper altered the ion balance and further affected the body’s redox balance state and metabolic homeostasis, which adverse to the health of piglets; dietary 20 mg·kg -1 copper maintain ion homeostasis and suitable to meet the nutritional needs of suckling piglets than 6 mg·kg -1 dietary copper.
Vaccines to prevent COVID-19: a protocol for a living systematic review with network meta-analysis including individual patient data (The LIVING VACCINE Project)
Authors: KORANG STEVEN KWASI , Juul Sophie , Nielsen Emil Eik , Feinberg Joshua , Siddiqui Faiza , Klingenberg Sarah , Bu Fanlong , Thabane Lehana , Thomsen Allan Randrup , Jakobsen Janus C , Gluud Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has rapidly spread worldwide. Several human randomized clinical trials assessing potential vaccines are currently underway. There is an urgent need for a living systematic review that continuously assesses the beneficial and harmful effects of all available vaccines for COVID-19.Methods/design: We will conduct a living systematic review based on searches of major medical databases (e.g. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and clinical trial registries from their inception onwards to identify relevant randomized clinical trials. We will update the literature search once a week to continuously assess if new evidence is available. Two review authors will independently extract data and conduct risk of bias assessments. We will include randomized clinical trials comparing any vaccine aiming to prevent COVID-19 (including but not limited to messenger RNA; DNA; non-replicating viral vector; replicating viral vector; inactivated virus; protein subunit; dendritic cell; other vaccines) with any comparator (placebo; ‘active placebo’; no intervention; standard care; an ‘active’ intervention; another vaccine for COVID-19) for participants in all age groups. Primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality; a diagnosis of COVID-19; and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will be quality of life, and non-serious adverse events. The living systematic review will include aggregate data meta-analyses, Trial Sequential Analyses, network meta-analyses, and individual patient data meta-analyses. Risk of bias will be assessed with domains, our eight-step procedure to assess if the thresholds for clinical significance are crossed, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) will assess certainty of evidence. Observational studies describing harms identified during the search for trials will also be included and analyzed separately. Discussion: COVID-19 has become a pandemic with substantial mortality. A living systematic review assessing the beneficial and harmful effects of different vaccines is urgently needed. This living systematic review will regularly inform best practice in vaccine prevention and clinical research of this highly prevalent disease.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020196492
Postural Control is Associated with Functionality and Cell Health in Elderly.
Authors: BERTOLINI GIOVANA , Silva Bruna Spolador de Alencar , Santos Vanessa Ribeiro dos , Messias Iracimara de Anchieta , Marini Elisabetta , Gobbo Luís Alberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Alterations in cellular health and postural control occur with aging and contribute to the increased risk of falls.The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between static balance in relation to functionality and cell health. Methods: We evaluated 21 elderly people of both sexes, aged ≥60 years (11 men: 77 ± 9 years; 10 women: 74 ± 10 years) . The ability and quality of maintaining balance in standing posture measured by the movement of the pressure center (CoP) for seven positions: feet separated open and closed eyes (FSEO, FSEC), feet together open and closed eyes (FTEO, FTEC), semi-tandem open and closed eyes (STEO, STEC), and one-legged-support (OLS). Cellular health was measured by means of electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and functionality through the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: In the analysis of the mediolateral velocity of the positions FSEO, FSEC, FTEC, and STEO on the platform, an inverse correlation between balance and bioelectrical impedance variables were verified for all models, with a coefficient of explanation (r2) varying between 20% (resistance in FSEO position) and 74% (reactance in STEO position, Model 3). Inverse and significant correlations between reactance and phase angle in the OLS position was verified, in all adjustment models, with coefficient of explanation varying between 62% (phase angle, OLS area, Model 1) and 91% (same variables, Model 3). In the analysis of mediolateral velocity for the STEC position, positive correlation with TUG and an inverse correlation with reactance, resistance, phase angle were observed, with coefficient of explanation varying between 21% (resistance, Model 1) and 67% (reactance, Model 3).Conclusions: The postural control is linearly related to bioimpedance parameters and functionality in elderly. The assessment of balance can provide important information on the health condition of the elderly, and furnishes useful insights for prevention and treatment strategies.