bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) based on morphological traits and SSR markers
Authors: Liu Rong , Huang Yu‐Ning , Yang Tao , Hu Jin‐Guo , Zhang Hong‐Yan , Ji Yi‐Shan , Wang Dong , Li Guan , Wang Chen‐Yu , Li Meng‐Wei , Yan Xin , Zong Xu‐Xiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume crop that is widely grown worldwide for human consumption and livestock feed. Despite extensive studies, the population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) remain controversial. To characterize patterns of genetic and morphological variation and investigate the classification of Pisum, we conducted comprehensive population genetic analyses for 323 accessions from cultivated and wild pea, representing three species of Pisum and utilizing 34 morphological traits and 87 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. First, we identified three distinct genetic groups among all samples. Group I was primarily composed of Pisum fulvum, Pisum abyssinicum, and some wild P. sativum accessions, whereas Groups II and III consisted of the two genetic groups under P. sativum that represented different geographic distributions of cultivated pea. Analyses of morphological variation revealed significant differences among the three species. Second, among pea germplasms representing eight taxa of Pisum, P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum possessed unique genetic backgrounds and morphological characteristics, corroborating their independent species status. The intraspecific subdivisions of P. sativum described by some authors were not supported in this study, with the exception of several genotypes of P. sativum subsp. elatius that clustered with P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum. Finally, we confirmed that the Chinese pea germplasm was genetically distinct and could be divided into two genetic groups, each of which included both spring‐sowing and autumn‐sowing ecotypes. These results provide a robust foundation for understanding pea domestication and the utilization of wild genetic resources of pea.
Incentives for clinical teachers: On why their complex influences should lead us to proceed with caution
Authors: Wisener Katherine M. , Driessen Erik W. , Cuncic Cary , Hesse Cassandra L. , Eva Kevin W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhen medical education programs have difficulties recruiting or retaining clinical teachers, they often introduce incentives to help improve motivation. Previous research, however, has shown incentives can unfortunately have unintended consequences. When and why that is the case in the context of incentivizing clinical teachers remains unclear. The purposes of this study, therefore, were to understand what values and motivations influence teaching decisions; and to delve deeper into how teaching incentives have been perceived.MethodsAn interpretive description methodology was used to improve understanding of the development and delivery of teaching incentives. A purposeful sampling strategy identified a heterogenous sample of clinical faculty teaching in undergraduate and postgraduate contexts. Sixteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted and transcripts were analyzed using an iterative process to develop a thematic structure that accounts for general trends and individual variations.ResultsClinicians articulated interrelated and dynamic personal and environmental factors that had linear, dual‐edged and inverted U‐shaped impacts on their motivations towards teaching. Barriers were frequently rationalized away, but cumulative barriers often led to teaching attrition. Clinical teachers were motivated when they felt valued and connected to their learners, peers, leadership, and/or the medical education community. While incentives aimed at producing these connections could be perceived as supportive, they could also negatively impact motivation if they were impersonal, inequitable, inefficient, or poorly framed.Discussion/ConclusionThese findings reinforce the literature suggesting that it is necessary to proceed with caution when labeling any particular factor as a motivator or barrier to teaching. They take us deeper, however, towards understanding how and why clinical teachers’ perceptions are unique, dynamic and fluid. Incentive schemes can be beneficial for teacher recruitment and retention, but must be designed with nuance that takes into account what makes clinicians feel valued if the strategy is to do more good than harm.
The principle of salvage in the context of COVID‐19
Authors: Kearns Alan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prioritisation of scarce resources has a particular urgency within the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis. This paper sets out a hypothetical case of Patient X (who is a nurse) and Patient Y (who is a non‐health care worker). They are both in need of a ventilator due to COVID‐19 with the same clinical situation and expected outcomes. However, there is only one ventilator available. In addressing the question of who should get priority, the proposal is made that the answer may lie in how the pandemic is metaphorically described using military terms. If nursing is understood to take place at the ‘frontline’ in the ‘battle’ against COVID‐19, a principle of military medical ethics—namely the principle of salvage—can offer guidance on how to prioritise access to a life‐saving resource in such a situation. This principle of salvage purports a moral direction to return wounded soldiers back to duty on the battlefield. Applying this principle to the hypothetical case, this paper proposes that Patient X (who is a nurse) should get priority of access to the ventilator so that he/she can return to the ‘frontline’ in the fight against COVID‐19.
The antagonistic MYB paralogs RH1 and RH2 govern anthocyanin leaf markings in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Wang Chongnan , Ji Wenkai , Liu Yucheng , Zhou Peng , Meng Yingying , Zhang Pengcheng , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Zhai Jixian , Young Nevin D. , Tian Zhixi , Niu Lifang , Lin Hao 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Patterned leaf coloration in plants generates remarkable diversity in nature, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Here, using Medicago truncatula leaf marking as a model, we show that the classic M. truncatula leaf anthocyanin spot trait depends on two R2R3 MYB paralogous regulators, RED HEART1 (RH1) and RH2.

RH1 mainly functions as an anthocyanin biosynthesis activator that specifically determines leaf marking formation depending on its C‐terminal activation motif. RH1 physically interacts with the M. truncatula bHLH protein MtTT8 and the WDR family member MtWD40‐1, and this interaction facilitates RH1 function in leaf anthocyanin marking formation. RH2 has lost transcriptional activation activity, due to a divergent C‐terminal domain, but retains the ability to interact with the same partners, MtTT8 and MtWD40‐1, as RH1, thereby acting as a competitor in the regulatory complex and exerting opposite effects. Moreover, our results demonstrate that RH1 can activate its own expression and that RH2‐mediated competition can repress RH1 expression.

Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism of the antagonistic gene paralogs RH1 and RH2 in determining anthocyanin leaf markings in M. truncatula, providing a multidimensional paralogous–antagonistic regulatory paradigm for fine‐tuning patterned pigmentation.
Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species
Authors: Akiyama Reiko , Sun Jianqiang , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Lischer Heidi E. L. , Briskine Roman V. , Hay Angela , Gan Xiangchao , Tsiantis Miltos , Kudoh Hiroshi , Kanaoka Masahiro M. , Sese Jun , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Shimizu‐Inatsugi Rie 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Polyploidization is pervasive in plants, but little is known about the niche divergence of wild allopolyploids (species that harbor polyploid genomes originating from different diploid species) relative to their diploid progenitor species and the gene expression patterns that may underlie such ecological divergence. We conducted a fine‐scale empirical study on habitat and gene expression of an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors.

We quantified soil properties and light availability of habitats of an allotetraploid Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid progenitors Cardamine amara and Cardamine hirsuta in two seasons. We analyzed expression patterns of genes and homeologs (homeologous gene copies in allopolyploids) using RNA sequencing.

We detected niche divergence between the allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors along water availability gradient at a fine scale: the diploids in opposite extremes and the allopolyploid in a broader range between diploids, with limited overlap with diploids at both ends. Most of the genes whose homeolog expression ratio changed among habitats in C. flexuosa varied spatially and temporally.

These findings provide empirical evidence for niche divergence between an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species at a fine scale and suggest that divergent expression patterns of homeologs in an allopolyploid may underlie its persistence in diverse habitats.
Malocclusion in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prado Heloisa Vieira , Teixeira Suélen Alves , Rabello Flavia , Vargas‐Ferreira Fabiana , Borges‐Oliveira Ana Cristina , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are more affected by malocclusion than individuals without OI.Materials and MethodsSearches in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and gray literature were performed. Data extraction was conducted by two researchers. Risk of bias assessment employing the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and meta‐analysis were conducted. Results were provided with mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Strength of evidence was determined.ResultsSix cross‐sectional studies were included. In comparison with individuals without OI, the group with OI had 19.69‐fold greater chance of exhibiting Angle Class III malocclusion (OR = 19.69, CI: 9.00–43.09) and presenting anterior crossbite greater (MD = 6.08, CI: 2.40–9.77). Individuals without OI had a significantly greater ANB angle (MD = 3.88, CI: 1.15–6.61) and SNA angle (MD = 2.11, CI: 0.24–3.98) in comparison with those with OI. No difference between groups was found for SNB (MD = −0.50, CI: −2.21 to 1.21) and open bite (MD = 0.98, CI: −0.29 to 2.25). Most studies included had moderate methodological quality. Strength of evidence was low or very low.ConclusionsThe occurrence of Angle Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite was greater among individuals with OI compared to those without OI. These findings can assist stakeholders about the occlusal abnormalities affecting OI individuals.
Buccal abscess derived from subcutaneous emphysema caused by the Valsalva maneuver after oral surgery with pedicled buccal fat pad grafting
Authors: Shudo Atsushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPedicled buccal fat pad grafting is applied in a variety of oral surgeries, including the reconstruction of oral defects or the closure of oroantral communication. Pedicled buccal fat pad grafting is a well‐established and relatively safe procedure; however, it may cause complications such as swelling, hematoma and/or infection. There are few reports on the detailed cause and clinical course of these complications. This report discusses the Valsalva maneuver as a cause of complications after oral surgery with pedicled buccal fat pad grafting. A 77‐year‐old man underwent pedicled buccal fat pad grafting for oroantral communication after sequestrectomy for medication‐related osteonecrosis of the maxilla. Postoperatively, the performance of the Valsalva maneuver during defecation caused facial subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma and buccal abscess formation. The abscess could not be treated by antibiotics alone, and required surgical drainage. Prominent subcutaneous emphysema is associated with bleeding due to blood vessel damage, and may cause a large hematoma, especially in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. Hematomas are susceptible to infection, and infections in the buccal space are often severe due to the tissue continuity in deep spaces. Therefore, buccal abscesses after pedicled buccal fat pad grafting require surgical drainage. This case report suggests that performing the Valsalva maneuver during defecation may cause complications after pedicled buccal fat pad grafting. Patients should be informed that the Valsalva maneuver could lead to serious complications, and that all types of the Valsalva maneuver should be avoided postoperatively.
Upper‐airway dysbiosis related to frequent sweets consumption increases the risk of asthma in children with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Majak Paweł , Molińska Katarzyna , Latek Marta , Rychlik Błażej , Wachulec Marcin , Błauż Andrzej , Budniok Aleksandra , Gruchała Martyna , Lach Jakub , Sobalska‐Kwapis Marta , Baranowska Monika , Królikowska Klaudyna , Strapagiel Dominik , Majak Joanna , Czech Dorota , Pałczyński Cezary , Kuna Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInnate immunity response to local dysbiosis seems to be one of the most important immunologic backgrounds of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and concomitant asthma. We aimed to assess clinical determinants of upper‐airway dysbiosis and its effect on nasal inflammatory profile and asthma risk in young children with CRS.MethodsWe recruited one hundred and thirty‐three children, aged 4‐8 years with doctor‐diagnosed CRS with or without asthma. The following procedures were performed in all participants: face‐to‐face standardized Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life questionnaire, skin prick test, taste perception testing, nasopharynx swab, and sampling of the nasal mucosa. Upper‐airway dysbiosis was defined separately by asthma‐specific microbiome composition and reduced biodiversity. Multivariate methods were used to define the risk factors for asthma and upper‐airway dysbiosis and their specific inflammatory profile of nasal mucosa.ResultsThe asthma‐specific upper‐airway microbiome composition reflected by the decreased ratio of Patescibacteria/Actinobacteria independently of atopy increased the risk of asthma (OR:8.32; 95%CI: 2.93‐23.6). This asthma‐specific microbiome composition was associated with ≥ 7/week sweet consumption (OR:2.64; 95%C:1.11‐6.28), reduced biodiversity (OR:3.83; 95%CI:1.65‐8.87), the presence of Staphylococcus strains in the nasopharynx (OR:4.25; 95%CI:1.12‐16.1), and lower expression of beta‐defensin 2, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the nasal mucosa. The reduced biodiversity was associated with frequent antibiotic use and with a higher nasal expression of IL‐17 and T1R3 (sweet taste receptor). In asthmatic children, reduced sweet taste perception was observed.ConclusionsSpecific upper‐airway dysbiosis related to frequent sweet consumption, frequent antibiotic courses, and altered nasal immune function increases the risk of asthma in young children with CRS.
Generalized infantile myofibromatosis with visceral involvement presenting as diffuse hypopigmented macules at birth
Authors: Saikaly Sami K. , Schoch Jennifer J. , Motaparthi Kiran , Shenoy Archana , Knapik Jacquelyn A. , Bender Nicole R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe initial clinical presentation of infantile myofibromatosis can vary from subtle skin changes to large tumors. Here, we describe a case of congenital generalized infantile myofibromatosis which presented with diffuse hypopigmented macules, some with subtle atrophy and telangiectasia. Further workup revealed visceral involvement which led to treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Awareness of this rare clinical presentation is crucial to expedite workup and treatment given the poor prognosis in infants with visceral involvement.
Perineal desquamation: An early sign of the Kawasaki disease phenotype of MIS‐C
Authors: Mazori Daniel R. , Derrick Kristina M. , Kapoor Urvi , Haribhai Minoti , Gist Ramon E. , Glick Sharon A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is a syndrome associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Various phenotypes of MIS‐C have been described including Kawasaki disease (KD). Although perineal desquamation is a known early sign of KD, to our knowledge, this rash has not yet been described in the KD phenotype of MIS‐C. In this article, we report two patients in whom perineal desquamation was an early clue for the KD phenotype of MIS‐C.
Maternal control of early life history traits affects overwinter survival and seedling phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Hernández F. , Vercellino R. B. , Fanna I. , Presotto A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

When cultivated and wild plants hybridize, hybrids often show intermediate phenotypic traits relative to their parents, which makes them unfit in natural environments. However, maternal genetic effects may affect the outcome of hybridization by controlling expression of the earliest life history traits.

Here, using wild, cultivated and reciprocal crop–wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids, we evaluated the maternal effects on emergence timing and seedling establishment in the field and on seedling traits under controlled conditions. In the field, we evaluated reciprocal crop–wild hybrids between two wild populations with contrasting dormancy (the high dormant BAR and the low dormant DIA) and one cultivar (CROP) with low dormancy. Under controlled conditions, we evaluated reciprocal crop–wild hybrids between two wild populations (BAR and RCU) and one CROP under three contrasting temperature treatments.

In the field, BAR overwintered as dormant seeds whereas DIA and CROP showed high autumn emergence (~50% of planted seeds), resulting in differential overwinter survival and seedling establishment in the spring. Reciprocal crop–wild hybrids resembled their female parents in emergence timing and success of seedling establishment. Under controlled conditions, we observed large maternal effects on most seedling traits across temperatures. Cotyledon size explained most of the variation in seedling traits, suggesting that the maternal effects on seed size have cascading effects on seedling traits.

Maternal effects on early life history traits affect early plant survival and phenotypic variation of crop–wild hybrids, thus, they should be addressed in hybridization studies, especially those involving highly divergent parents, such as cultivated species and their wild ancestors.
So small and so rich: diversity of floral resources in miniature Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollinators
Authors: Pansarin L. M. , Pansarin E. R. , Alves‐Dos‐Santos I. , Teixeira S. P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Oncidiinae is one of the most important subtribes among the Neotropical orchids, with an enormous diversity of floral morphology and secretory structures. This subtribe attracts a diverse array of pollinators which explore a variety of floral resources of its flowers.

In this paper we provide a detailed investigation of the floral anatomy of 32 species of micro Oncidiinae. We applied histochemical tests in order to determine the diversity of the glands and rewards. The diversity of secretory flower structures and rewards was related to the group of pollinators known for this subtribe.

We verified that half of the species (16 species, 50%) secrete oil as a resource, being pollinated by female of solitary bees. Species of some distinct nectar‐secreting genera (four species, 12.5%) are pollinated by a range of nectar‐searching animals. Species of the genus Notylia (four species, 12.5%) release floral perfumes that reward male Euglossini bees. Most of the investigated species (six species, 18.75%) possess osmophores that are involved in pollinator attraction. Two species of Capanemia (6.25%) do not offer any floral reward, suggesting that pollination by food deception is involved.

There are strong variations in the anatomy of reward‐producing structures and resources in Oncidiinae. The diversity of floral rewards affects the range of pollinators, which are related to the diversification of this subtribe throughout the Neotropics. The understanding of relationships between Oncidiinae species and their pollinators is crucial to our knowledge of the evolution of pollination systems in this huge plant family represented by the orchids.
Stacked Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted Bagging: A Case Study In the InfCareHIV Register
Authors: Gonzalez Ginestet Pablo , Kotalik Ales , Vock David M. , Wolfson Julian , Gabriel Erin E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose an inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) bagging (bootstrap aggregation) pre-processing that enables the application of any machine learning procedure for classification to be used to predict the cause-specific cumulative incidence, properly accounting for right-censored observations and competing risks. We consider the IPCW area under the time-dependent ROC curve (IPCW-AUC) as a performance evaluation metric. We also suggest a procedure to optimally stack predictions from any set of IPCW bagged methods. We illustrate our proposed method in the Swedish InfCareHIV register by predicting individuals for whom treatment will not maintain an undetectable viral load for at least 2 years following initial suppression. The R package stackBagg that implements our proposed method is available on Github.
Peace Mediators as Norm Entrepreneurs: The EU's Norm Diffusion Strategy in Montenegro's Referendum on Independence
Authors: Vuković Siniša 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores how ideational conflicts can be managed through mediation processes by relying on methods of norm diffusion, in particular by using reframing as a distinct mediation strategy. It starts by offering a novel conceptual framework that operationalizes conflicts as a process of norm contestation. By looking at the conflicts through normative lenses, the paper expounds the link between international mediation and norm diffusion. In particular, the paper addresses how mediators may act as norm entrepreneurs, and how these activities bring to light a rather unexplored mediation strategy of reframing through which norms can be effectively diffused. The broader theoretical puzzle is illustrated through the case of EU mediation efforts in Montenegro, where the mediators used reframing strategies to effectively diffuse an unconventional norm of 55% votes in favor for the referendum to pass, that would regulate the rules and procedure of the country’s referendum on independence in 2006.
A sensory approach for multispecies anthropology
Authors: Fijn Natasha , Kavesh Muhammad A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis special issue suggests that the need to examine the entangled lives of species, selves and other beings through a multisensory perspective is crucial and timely. Developing on a sensory analysis, one that emerges through what Anna Tsing refers to as the ‘arts of noticing’ (2015), this introductory paper explores how both nonhuman and human lives are intertwined, and how their close examination can guide anthropologists in their ability to capture the subtleties of more‐than‐human engagement, connection and relatedness. Through articles within this issue from Australian anthropology and beyond, we ask how becoming‐with more‐than‐humans helps us to construct a post‐humanist analysis in the combination of sensory anthropology and multispecies anthropology. Through a combination of these two fields, the paper suggests, anthropology can take up the opportunity to think about animals as subjects, through our ability to communicate beyond language and to engage in a more meaningful way through interspecies knowledge‐making.