bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Levels, Enjoyment, and Perceptions of Barriers to Physical Activity of Adolescents with Visual Impairments in Turkey
Authors: Gür Kamer , Beyhan Abdullah , Aktan Çiydem , Akbulut Eda , Sezer Merve , Çelik Şehriban , Çakıcı Tuba 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the physical activity (PA) status of adolescents with visual impairment, their enjoyment of the PA, and their perception of barriers to PA. Design and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 110 adolescents with visual impairment. The data collection tools consisted of the (ALP-R2)-Physical Activity Subscale, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES), Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaires, and an Observation Form. The data were analyzed using frequencies, correlation, and Kappa tests. Results: It was observed that 60% of the participants stated that they did not engage in PA, 58.2% said they did not engage in PA to the extent of breaking out in a sweat and increasing their heartbeat, and 48.2% indicated that they never did PA 3 times a week for 20 minutes or more. The PAES mean score was 55.1 ± 5.5; the Physical Activity Subscale mean score was 12.5 ± 4.1 ( r = 0.42; p < 0.01). Discussion: Our findings were consistent with the results of other studies in that the changeable external factors and parental attitudes perceived as obstacles were similar. Implications for practitioners: Most of the participants wanted to be more active. Most of the adolescents’ answers to the questions about the perceived barriers to PA were contrary to what had been expected. Although the adolescents said they did not engage in PA, the number of adolescents who perceived changeable factors such as the environment and parents’ attitudes as barriers was not negligible.
30‐Day Postoperative Outcomes Following Transcervical Zenker’s Diverticulectomy in the Elderly: Analysis of the NSQIP Database
Authors: Moroco Annie E. , Saadi Robert A. , Patel Vijay A. , Lehman Erik B. , Gniady John P. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of patient factors, including age, on 30‐day postoperative outcomes and complications for patients undergoing transcervical Zenker’s diverticulectomy.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Database.MethodsPatients who underwent open Zenker’s diverticulectomy (Current Procedural Terminology code 43130) were queried via the NSQIP (2006‐2018). Outcomes analyzed include patient demographics, medical comorbidities, admission type, operative characteristics, length of admission, postoperative complication, readmission, and reoperation.ResultsA total of 614 patients were identified. Mean age at time of surgery was 71.1 years, with 13.4% older than 85 years. Outpatient procedures were performed in 29.8%. Postoperative complications occurred in 6.7%, with reoperation and readmission rates of 6.4% and 7.2%, respectively. A mortality rate of 0.3% was observed. Only smoking status (odds ratio, 2.94; P =. 008) and history of congestive heart failure (odds ratio, 10.00; P =. 014) were shown to have a significant effect on postoperative complications.ConclusionSmoking status confers a high risk for postoperative complication. Age was not an independent risk factor associated with adverse outcomes following open diverticulectomy, suggesting this procedure can be safely performed in patients with advanced age.
Skeletal Muscle Index’s Impact on Discharge Disposition After Head and Neck Cancer Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Jones Alexander Joseph , Campiti Vincent Joseph , Alwani Mohamedkazim , Novinger Leah J. , Bonetto Andrea , Sim Michael W. , Yesensky Jessica A. , Moore Michael G. , Mantravadi Avinash V. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the role of skeletal muscle index (SMI) in the assessment of frailty and determination of discharge to post–acute care facilities (PACF) after head and neck cancer free flap reconstruction (HNCFFR).Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingSingle‐institution, academic tertiary referral center.MethodsAdult patients undergoing HNCFFR from 2014 to 2019 with preoperative abdominal computed tomography imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, 5‐factor modified frailty index (5‐mFI), body mass index (BMI), SMI at the third lumbar vertebra, oncologic history, perioperative data, and Clavien‐Dindo (CD) complications were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of discharge disposition.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 206 patients, 62 (30.1%) of whom were discharged to PACF. Patients discharged to PACF were of older age (65.4 vs 57.1 years, P <. 0001) and had a lower SMI (38.8 vs 46.8 cm2/m2, P <. 0001), higher 5‐mFI (≥3; 25.8% vs 4.2%, P <. 0001), and greater incidence of stage IV (80.6% vs 64.1%, P =. 0211) aerodigestive cancer (80.6% vs 66.7%, P =. 0462). Patients discharged to PACF experienced more blood transfusions (74.2% vs 35.4%, P <. 0001), major postoperative complications (CD ≥3, 40.3% vs 12.9%, P <. 0001), and delirium (33.9% vs 4.2%, P <. 0001). After adjusting for pre‐ and postoperative factors, multivariate binary logistic regression identified age (P =. 0255), 5‐mFI (P <. 0042), SMI (P =. 0199), stage IV cancer (P =. 0250), aerodigestive tumor (P =. 0366), delirium (P <. 0001), and perioperative blood transfusion (P =. 0144) as independent predictors of discharge to PACF.ConclusionsSMI and 5‐mFI are independently associated with discharge to PACF after HNCFFR and should be considered in preoperative planning and assessment of frailty.
Trends in Use and Timing of Intratympanic Corticosteroid Injections for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Jin Michael C. , Qian Z. Jason , Cooperman Shayna P. , Alyono Jennifer C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveOral corticosteroids are treatment mainstays for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Recent studies suggest that intratympanic (IT) steroid injections may be effective as an alternate or adjunctive therapy. We sought to investigate nationwide trends in treatment patterns for SSNHL.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.SettingA large nationwide health care claims database spanning 2007 to 2016.MethodsPatients with SSNHL were identified from the IBM Watson Health MarketScan Database. Multivariable logistic, linear, and Cox regression were used for demographic‐ and comorbidity‐adjusted analyses.ResultsOverall, 19,670 patients were included. Between 2007 and 2016, use of oral corticosteroids alone decreased (83.6% to 64.6%, P <. 001), while use of IT corticosteroids alone and combination IT‐oral corticosteroids increased (IT only, 7.9% to 15.1%, P =. 002; IT‐oral, 8.5% to 20.4%, P <. 001). During the study period, time to treatment initiation decreased for both administration modalities, though more dramatically for IT corticosteroids (IT, 124.0 to 10.6 days, P <. 001; oral, 42.6 to 12.7 days, P <. 001). In patients receiving both IT and oral corticosteroids, concurrent first‐line use increased (25.2% to 52.8%, P <. 001). Repeat injections have also become more common but may raise risk of persistent tympanic membrane perforations (vs no injection; hazard ratio [first injection] = 7.95, 95% CI = 5.54‐11.42; hazard ratio [fifth or higher injection] = 17.47, 95% CI = 6.93‐44.05).ConclusionSSNHL management increasingly involves early IT steroids as an alternative or adjunctive option to oral steroids. Use of repeat IT corticosteroid injections has also increased but may raise risk of persistent tympanic membrane perforations and subsequent tympanoplasty. Future decision analysis and cost‐effectiveness studies are necessary to identify an optimal care pattern for SSNHL.
Quantitative Assessment of the Immune Microenvironment in Patients With Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Davis Ruth J. , Lina Ioan , Green Benjamin , Engle Elizabeth L. , Motz Kevin , Ding Dacheng , Taube Janis M. , Gelbard Alexander , Hillel Alexander T. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is characterized by fibroinflammatory narrowing of the upper airway and is most commonly caused by intubation injury. Evidence suggests a key role for CD4 T cells in its pathogenesis. The objective of this study is to validate emerging multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) technology for use in the larynx and trachea while quantitatively characterizing the immune cell infiltrate in iLTS. In addition to analyzing previously unstudied immune cell subsets, this study aims to validate previously observed elevations in the immune checkpoint PD‐1 and its ligand PD‐L1 while exploring their spatial and cellular distributions in the iLTS microenvironment.Study DesignControlled ex vivo cohort study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsmIF staining was performed with formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded slides from 10 patients with iLTS who underwent cricotracheal resection and 10 control specimens derived from rapid autopsy for CD4, CD8, CD20, FoxP3, PD‐1, PD‐L1, and cytokeratin.ResultsThere was greater infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, FoxP3+CD4+ Tregs, and FoxP3+CD8+ early effector T cells in the submucosa of iLTS specimens as compared with controls (P <. 05 for all). PD‐1 was primarily expressed on T cells and PD‐L1 predominantly on CD4+ cells and “other” cells.ConclusionThis study leverages the power of mIF to quantify the iLTS immune infiltrate in greater detail. It confirms the highly inflammatory nature of iLTS, with CD4+ cells dominating the immune cell infiltrate; it further characterizes the cellular and spatial distribution of PD‐1 and PD‐L1; and it identifies novel immunologic targets in iLTS.
i-MANN: A Web-Based System for Data Management of Mental Health Research in India
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Verma Vijay C , Kumar Vinit , Singh Ravinder , Bhatia Triptish , Sahu Sushree , Manak Madhur , Buttolia Harish Kumar , Choudhary Bhavik , Sharma Yogesh Singh , Shah Santosh Kumar , Kumar Prabhat , Kaur Jasleen , Deshpande Smita , Singh Harpreet 
Published: December 2020

Background: National Mental Health Program (NMHP) was launched by the government with an aim to improve mental health of the society through precise and focused interventions and policies. In order to provide reliable data and evidence for NMHP, there is a strong requirement of a comprehensive system for integrative collection, storage, and analysis of data generated by this program. Methods: Data collection tools, questionnaires, instruments, and scales provided by the National Coordinating Unit were digitized using the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) framework (version 2.30). The rules for data validation and automated scoring were implemented as per the scales. The developed system ( i-MANN, ICMR-Mental Health Assessment National Network) is based on modular architecture with role-based access to data input forms and dashboards. Results: The data are stored on a centralized server at ICMR. i-MANN captures data on basic and advanced demographic details followed by category specific forms from 15 multicentric ICMR-funded projects. Data collection module is divided into 12 categories containing 93 scales/instruments with built-in validation rules, scoring patterns, and indicators. As of August 2020, the system contains 17,690 records. Conclusions: i-MANN is the first web-based, modular, robust, and extendable system for collection, integration, management, and analysis of data on mental health in India.
Protocol for Development of the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire: The Screening Version of the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism
Authors: Chakraborty Satabdi , Bhatia Triptish , Sharma Vikas , Antony Nitin , Das Dhritishree , Sahu Sushree , Sharma Satyam , Shriharsh Vandana , Brar Jaspreet S , Iyengar Satish , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L , Deshpande Smita N 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Autism is included as a certifiable disability in the Indian Rights of Persons with Disability Act, 2016. The Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA), developed by the Government of India and mandated for certifying disability, is a detailed instrument that needs trained mental health experts and takes time to administer. The current project was planned to develop a simple, easy to use screening tool based on the ISAA to identify possible cases in the community. Methods: The project is planned in three phases. During the first phase, data collected during the development of the ISAA ( N = 433/436 children with autism) will be used to identify questions answered as frequently, mostly, and always. During the second phase, the psychometric properties of the screening tool based on these items will be evaluated among research participants recruited from hospitals and special schools ( n = 100). In the third phase, the screening questionnaire will be administered in the community ( n = 500). Results: The most frequently answered questions will be selected for inclusion in the proposed screening tool. The number of items in the screening tool will be kept as few as possible, with yes or no responses Discussion: Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) will be tested as a screening version of ISAA, which can be used by community health workers, teachers, or school counselors. The IASQ will not provide a diagnosis of autism. A positive screening result should be followed by a thorough assessment by a trained specialist. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the test can help ensure cost-effective screening of the community to identify autism.
Effectiveness of a Brief Psychological Intervention Delivered by Nurse for Depression in Pregnancy: Study Protocol for a Multicentric Randomized Controlled Trial from India
Authors: Raghuveer Pracheth , Ransing Ramdas , Kukreti Prerna , Mahadevaiah Mahesh , Elbahaey Wafaa Abdelhakim , Iyengar Satish , Pemde Harish , Deshpande Smita N. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Perinatal depression (PD) has important implications for maternal and infant well-being but largely goes undetected. There is a need to develop low-intensity psychosocial interventions applicable to obstetric health care facilities. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention for mild to moderate PD delivered by a nurse as compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Methods: This study is a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicentric trial being conducted in four sites of India. A total of 816 pregnant women with mild to moderately severe depression (Patient Health Questionaire-9 score of 5–19) are being assessed for the effectiveness of the intervention. Participants are randomly allocated to two groups of trial intervention (psychological intervention given by nurse) and TAU. The primary outcome is to compare the proportion of women reporting improvement across both groups. Participants are serially followed-up in each trimester and at 6, 10, 14 weeks, and 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes include pregnancy outcomes, feeding practices, physical growth, and immunization status of the infants. Conclusion: It is a prospective pregnancy birth cohort with a robust design and long-term follow-up. This is one of the largest studies utilizing non-specialist health workers for the screening and management of PD. This study also holds promise to cast light on the course and outcome of depression during pregnancy in different parts of India. It is envisaged to help in developing a sound screening and referral-based protocol for obstetric settings.
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among 18- to 49-Year-Old Women: A Comparative Study
Authors: Göger Seda , Cingil Dilek 
Published: December 2020

Introduction The prevalence of obesity has become a remarkable public health concern in a global extent. This study aimed to examine the difference between the healthy lifestyle behaviors of women with normal weight and those who are obese. Method This comparative descriptive study included a total of 302 women aged 18–49 years. Results According to regression analysis; duration of education (β = −0.154), (age (β = 0.376), presence of obese individuals in the family (β = 0.177) and HLSBS II scores (β = −0.115) were the factors that affected the BMI. The predictive value of these variables was 34.1%. Discussion A significant difference was found between women with normal weight and obese women in terms of several sub-dimensions and overall HLSBS II score. We recommend that healthcare staff should design training and counseling services to improve the health behaviors of overweight and obese women.
Consumer Choicemaking and Choicelessness in Hyperdigital Marketspaces
Authors: Dholakia Nikhilesh , Darmody Aron , Zwick Detlev , Dholakia Ruby Roy , Fırat A. Fuat 
Published: December 2020

Technologies, especially Internet-based digital ones, are reshaping choice processes – actual considerations and actions, as well as perceptions of these – in massive, often fundamental, ways. In this paper, our goal is to explore choice processes in general, and especially choice processes in hyperdigital marketspaces (i.e., with massively, pervasively interconnected things) with examples drawn from U.S. macro consumption contexts. We start with a short review of discourses on choice and choicelessness and then shift to the emerging era of technology-shaped choice processes that are especially observable in contemporary hyperdigital marketspaces. For the increasingly large swaths of market segments that consume, indeed live, digitally, we find deft symbolic sublimations and inversions happening, wherein manipulation is perceived as autonomy enhancing.
Evaluation of the effect of myelotomy on nerve function in rats with spinal cord injury by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Changbin , Qin Chuan , Zhang Xin , Feng Hao , Wang Zhanjing , Li Jianjun 
Published: December 2020

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury that can generally induce different degrees of sensory and motor dysfunction Purpose To clarify the changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters after spinal cord myelotomy in rats with SCI. Material and Methods Eighteen Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (n=6), SCI group (n=6), and Mye group (n=6), respectively. The DTI values at 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after modeling were collected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spinal specimen at the injury site was collected on the 21st day for Nissl’s staining to assess the changes in neurons. Results The fractional anisotropy (FA) values in both the SCI group and Mye group significantly decreased. In addition, the FA values between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values all decreased and then increased ( P < 0.001). Pearson correlation test showed that the ADC, MD, and AD values were positively correlated with the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score. Nissl’s staining showed a higher number of Nissl’s bodies, and deep staining of Nissl’s bodies in the Mye group, while the morphology of neurons was relatively good. The number of neurons in the Mye group was significantly higher after myelotomy compared to the SCI group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The DTI parameters, especially ADC values, could non-invasively and quantifiably evaluate the efficacy of myelotomy for rats with SCI.
Selection of spinal surgery and hip replacement sequence in patients with both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease
Authors: Zhang Haocong , Yu Hailong , Zhang Meng , Huang Zijun , Xiang Liangbi , Liu Xinwei , Wang Zheng 
Published: December 2020

Objective To discuss how the sequence of spinal surgery and hip replacement is determined for patients with both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease. Methods Twenty-six patients treated for both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease from June 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively studied. Eleven patients underwent hip replacement followed by lumbar surgery (Group A), and 15 patients underwent lumbar surgery followed by hip replacement (Group B). The average follow-up duration was 1.5 years. Related indicators were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The parameters showing significant differences between Groups A and B after surgery were acetabular anteversion, the Oswestry functional disability score, and the Harris hip score. Postoperatively, five patients in Group A had unequal shoulder heights and inclination of the trunk to one side. After lumbar surgery and before total hip arthroplasty in Group B, eight patients could not walk, and the limitation was more severe than that preoperatively. Conclusion Spinal surgery may be performed first to resolve lumbar nerve symptoms and restore sagittal balance of the spine; hip replacement may then be performed to simplify hip replacement difficulties and resolve the imbalance after spinal surgery. Severely limited range of motion exists after lumbar surgery and before total hip arthroplasty.
Identification of plasma microRNA-22 as a marker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and chemosensitivity prediction of osteosarcoma
Authors: Diao Zhen-bin , Sun Tian-xiao , Zong Yi , Lin Bo-chuan , Xia Yuan-sheng 
Published: December 2020

Objective MicroRNA (miR)-22 plays crucial roles in malignant tumors and is involved in regulation of chemosensitivity. Additionally, altered expression of circulating miR-22 has been reported in various cancers. This study was designed to investigate plasma miR-22 expression in patients with osteosarcoma (OS) and determine its diagnostic, prognostic, and chemosensitivity prediction value. Methods Plasma miR-22 levels in 120 patients with OS and 120 healthy controls were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Associations of plasma miR-22 expression with the patients’ clinicopathological features and prognosis were then assessed. Results Plasma miR-22 levels in patients with OS were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Low plasma miR-22 levels were correlated with large tumor size, advanced clinical stages, positive distant metastasis, and poor tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy. Plasma miR-22 could discriminate OS patients from controls and distinguish patients with a good response to therapy from those with a poor response to therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that low plasma miR-22 expression was a significant independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis. Conclusions Altered plasma levels of miR-22 might serve as a novel, noninvasive biomarker for OS diagnosis, prognosis, and chemosensitivity prediction.