bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and application of a noise‐hazard scheme for road maintainers
Authors: Cavallari Jennifer M. , Garza Jennifer L. , DiFrancesco Jackie , Dugan Alicia G. , Walker Erica D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransportation road maintenance and repair workers, or “maintainers,” are exposed to hazardous and variable noise levels and often rely on hearing protection devices (HPD) to reduce noise‐exposure levels. We aimed to improve upon HPD use as part of the HearWell program that used a Total Worker Health, participatory approach to hearing conservation.MethodsFull‐shift, personal noise sampling was performed during the routine task of brush cutting. Work activities and equipment were recorded and combined with 1‐min noise measures to summarize personal noise‐exposure levels by equipment. Using noise‐monitoring results, HPD noise reduction ratings, and input from worker‐based design teams, a noise‐hazard scheme was developed and applied to the task and equipment used during brush cutting.ResultsAverage (standard deviation) and maximum Leq 1‐minute, personal noise‐exposure levels recorded during brush cutting included chainsaws at 92.1 (7.6) and max of 111 dBA, leaf blowers at 91.2 (7.5) and max 107 dBA, and wood chipper at 90.3 (7.3) and max of 104 dBA. The worker‐designed noise‐hazard scheme breaks down noise exposures into one of three color bands and exposure ranges: red (over 105 dBA), orange (90‐105 dBA), or yellow (85‐90 dBA). The scheme simplifies the identification of noise levels, assessment of noise‐hazard, and choice of appropriate hearing protection for workers.ConclusionCombining noise‐exposure assessment with intervention development using participatory methods, we characterized noise exposure and developed an intervention to educate and assist in protecting workers as they perform noisy tasks.
NovelKIAA1033/WASHC4mutations in three patients with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature
Authors: Assoum Mirna , Bruel Ange‐Line , Crenshaw Melissa L. , Delanne Julian , Wentzensen Ingrid M. , McWalter Kirsty , Dent Karin M. , Vitobello Antonio , Kuentz Paul , Thevenon Julien , Duffourd Yannis , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 2011,KIAA1033/WASHC4was associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) in a large consanguineous family comprising seven affected individuals with moderate ID and short stature. Since then, no other cases ofKIAA1033variants have been reported. Here we describe three additional patients (from two unrelated families) with syndromic ID due to compound heterozygousKIAA1033variants ascertained by exome sequencing (ES). Two sisters, aged 4 and 5.5 years, had a stop‐gain and a missense variants, each inherited from one parent (p.(Gln442*) and p.(Asp1048Gly)). Both had learning disabilities, macrocephaly, dysmorphic features, skeletal anomalies, and subependymal heterotopic nodules. In addition, the younger sibling had a congenital absence of the right internal carotid and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The third patient was aged 34 years and had two missense variants, one inherited from each parent (p.(Lys1079Arg) and p.(His503Arg)). This patient presented with mild ID, short stature, and microcephaly.KIAA1033encodes a large protein (WASHC4), which is part of the WASH complex. The WASH complex is involved in the regulation of the fission of tubules that serve as transport intermediates during endosome sorting. Another member of the WASH complex, KIAA0196/WASHC5, has already been implicated in ARID with brain and cardiac malformations, under the designation of 3C or Ritscher‐Schinzel syndrome (MIM#20210). ES has proved efficient for finding replications of genes with insufficient data in the literature to be defined as new OMIM genes. We conclude thatKIAA1033is responsible for a heterogeneous ARID phenotype, and additional description will be needed to refine the clinical phenotype.
Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,1‐Difluoroethylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides with 1,1‐Difluoroethyl Chloride (CH3CF2Cl)
Authors: Liu Jianchang , Zhang Jida , Li Xiangye , Wu Chaolin , Liu Hefu , Liu Hui , Sun Fenggang , Li Yueyun , Liu Yuying , Li Xinjin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract1,1‐Difluoroethylated aromatic compounds are of increasing importance in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. The direct introduction of difluoroethyl (CF2CH3) group(s) onto aromatic rings using CH3CF2Cl, an inexpensive and available raw material, still remains a great challenge because of the relatively inert C−Cl bond of CH3CF2Cl. Herein, we disclose a nickel‐catalyzed 1,1‐difluoroethylation of (hetero)aryl halides with CH3CF2Cl. The reaction exhibits good functional‐group tolerance and is regarded as a practical method for synthesis of (1,1‐difluoroethyl)arenes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Thioacetates and Chloro(hetero)arenes
Authors: Zhao Tan , Liang Feng , Cai Mingjun , Chen Junling , Kang Chuanqing , Wang Hongda , Wu Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple and effective method for palladium‐catalyzed carbon‐sulfur bond formation was established with aryl thioacetates and chloro(hetero)arenes as starting materials. A wide range of thioacetates and chloro(hetero)arenes can be employed for the preparation of aryl sulfides in good to excellent yield.
Daridorexant, a New Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist to Treat Insomnia Disorder
Authors: Dauvilliers Yves , Zammit Gary , Fietze Ingo , Mayleben David , Seboek Kinter Dalma , Pain Scott , Hedner Jan 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dose–response relationship of daridorexant, a new dual orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep variables in subjects with insomnia disorder.MethodsAdults (≤64 years) with insomnia disorder were randomized (1:1:1:1:1:1) to receive daily oral placebo, daridorexant (5, 10, 25, or 50mg), or 10mg zolpidem for 30 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in wake time after sleep onset from baseline to days 1 and 2. Secondary outcome measures were change in latency to persistent sleep from baseline to days 1 and 2, change in subjective wake time after sleep onset, and subjective latency to sleep onset from baseline to week 4. Safety was also assessed.ResultsOf 1,005 subjects screened, 359 (64% female) were randomized and received ≥1 dose. A significant dose–response relationship (multiple comparison procedure‐modeling, 2‐sided p < 0.001) was found in the reduction of wake after sleep onset and latency to persistent sleep from baseline to days 1 and 2 with daridorexant. These reductions were sustained through to days 28 and 29 (p = 0.050 and p = 0.042, respectively). Similar dose‐dependent relationships were observed for subjective wake after sleep onset and subjective latency to sleep onset. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was 35%, 38%, 38%, and 34% in subjects treated with 5, 10, 25, and 50mg daridorexant, respectively, compared with 30% for placebo, and 40% for 10mg zolpidem. There were no clinically relevant treatment‐related serious adverse events. Four subjects withdrew due to adverse events.InterpretationDaridorexant induced a dose‐dependent reduction in wake time after sleep onset in subjects with insomnia disorder (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02839200). Ann Neurol 2020;87:347–356
Synaptic Changes in Parkinson Disease Assessed with in vivo Imaging
Authors: Matuskey David , Tinaz Sule , Wilcox Kyle C. , Naganawa Mika , Toyonaga Takuya , Dias Mark , Henry Shannan , Pittman Brian , Ropchan Jim , Nabulsi Nabeel , Suridjan Ivonne , Comley Robert A. , Huang Yiyun , Finnema Sjoerd J. , Carson Richard E. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveParkinson disease is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms, reduced striatal dopamine signaling, and loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. It is now known that the pathological process in Parkinson disease may begin decades before the clinical diagnosis and include a variety of neuronal alterations in addition to the dopamine system.MethodsThis study examined the density of all synapses with synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in Parkinson disease subjects with mild bilateral disease (n = 12) and matched normal controls (n = 12) using in vivo high‐resolution positron emission tomographic imaging as well as postmortem autoradiography in an independent sample with Parkinson disease (n = 15) and normal controls (n = 13) in the substantia nigra and putamen.ResultsA group‐by‐brain region interaction effect (F10, 22 = 3.52, p = 0.007) was observed in the primary brain areas with in vivo SV2A binding. Post hoc analyses revealed that the Parkinson disease group exhibited lower SV2A in the substantia nigra (−45%; p < 0.001), red nucleus (−31%; p = 0.03), and locus coeruleus (−17%; p = 0.03). Exploratory analyses also revealed lower SV2A binding in clinically relevant cortical areas. Using autoradiography, we confirmed lower SV2A in the substantia nigra (−17%; p < 0.005) and nonsignificant findings in the putamen (−4%; p = 0.06).InterpretationThis work provides the first evidence of synaptic loss in brainstem nuclei involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease in living patients. SV2A imaging holds promise for understanding synaptic changes central to the disease. Ann Neurol 2020;87:329–338
Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine
Authors: Wang Peng , Huo Chang‐xin , Lang Shuyao , Caution Kyle , Nick Setare Tahmasebi , Dubey Purnima , Deora Rajendar , Huang Xuefei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the infection rate of Bordetella pertussis at a 60‐year high, there is an urgent need for new anti‐pertussis vaccines. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pertussis is an attractive antigen for vaccine development. With the presence of multiple rare sugars and unusual glycosyl linkages, the B. pertussis LPS is a highly challenging synthetic target. In this work, aided by molecular dynamics simulation and modeling, a pertussis‐LPS‐like pentasaccharide was chemically synthesized for the first time. The pentasaccharide was conjugated with a powerful carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, as a vaccine candidate. Immunization of mice with the conjugate induced robust anti‐glycan IgG responses with IgG titers reaching several million enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units. The antibodies generated were long lasting and boostable and could recognize multiple clinical strains of B. pertussis, highlighting the potential of Qβ‐glycan as a new anti‐pertussis vaccine.
Visible‐Light‐Assisted Gold‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of Allenoates
Authors: Tang Hai‐Jun , Zhang Xinggui , Zhang Yu‐Feng , Feng Chao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA strategically novel synthetic method for the fluoroarylation of allenic ester was developed that enables the expedient construction of a host of β‐fluoroalkyl‐containing cinnamate derivatives. The reaction proceeds through visible‐light‐promoted gold redox catalysis, occurs smoothly under very mild reaction conditions, accommodates a large variety of functional groups, and more importantly allows the incorporation of fluorine and aryl groups with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. The concomitant activation mode for both the allene motif and the hydrogen fluoride is key for the success of the reaction.
Synthesis, structure, and characterization of picolyl‐ and benzyl‐linked biphenyl palladium N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes and their catalytic activity in acylative cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Muniyappan Nalluchamy , Sabiah Shahulhameed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene ligands with picolyl (L1H2Br2, L3H2Br2) and benzyl (L2H2Br2, L4H2Br2) linked biphenyl backbone were synthesized and characterized. Their palladium(II) complexes [PdL1]Br2 (1), [PdL2Br2] (2), [PdL3]Br2 (3), and [PdL4Br2] (4) were synthesized by direct method using Pd(OAc)2. All complexes (1–4) were characterized by CHN analysis, electrospray ionization‐MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Molecular structures confirm the distorted square planar geometry around the Pd(II) center. All of them showed good catalytic activity in acylative Suzuki cross coupling of phenyl boronic acid with benzoyl chloride to afford benzophenone in good yields.
A comprehensive review on microbial l‐asparaginase: Bioprocessing, characterization, and industrial applications
Authors: Chand Subhash , Mahajan Richi V. , Prasad Jai Prakash , Sahoo Debendra K. , Mihooliya Kanti Nandan , Dhar Mahesh S. , Sharma Girish 
Published: January 2020

Abstractl‐Asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1.) is a vital enzyme that hydrolyzes l‐asparagine to l‐aspartic acid and ammonia. This property of l‐asparaginase inhibits the protein synthesis in cancer cells, making l‐asparaginase a mainstay of pediatric chemotherapy practices to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. l‐Asparaginase is also recognized as one of the important food processing agent. The removal of asparagine by l‐asparaginase leads to the reduction of acrylamide formation in fried food items. l‐Asparaginase is produced by various organisms including animals, plants, and microorganisms, however, only microorganisms that produce a substantial amount of this enzyme are of commercial significance. The commercial l‐asparaginase for healthcare applications is chiefly derived from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. A high rate of hypersensitivity and adverse reactions limits the long‐term clinical use of l‐asparaginase. Present review provides thorough information on microbial l‐asparaginase bioprocess optimization including submerged fermentation and solid‐state fermentation for l‐asparaginase production, downstream purification, its characterization, and issues related to the clinical application including toxicity and hypersensitivity. Here, we have highlighted the bioprocess techniques that can produce improved and economically viable yields of l‐asparaginase from promising microbial sources in the current scenario where there is an urgent need for alternate l‐asparaginase with less adverse effects.
Teaching wireless channel modeling with software‐defined radio
Authors: Bykhovsky Dima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the important aspects in the study of wireless communication is channel modeling that is based on wave propagation theory and empirical measurements models. Most of the common undergraduate curricula address only theoretical aspects of wireless channels, while the related laboratory experiments concentrate on advanced digital modulation techniques and deal with topics such as pilot‐based channel estimation and equalization in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. In this paper, it is shown that some fundamental channel properties may be reproduced with laboratory experiments that require only a basic knowledge of communication principles, such as baseband and bandpass notation. These experiments can be carried out with affordable software‐defined radios, which have recently become extremely popular in the teaching of communication. Such experiments may enhance the teaching with hands‐on measurements of practical channels, while reinforcing the understanding of probability and random processes theory.
Effects of propofol on colon cancer metastasis through STAT3/HOTAIR axis by activating WIF‐1 and suppressing Wnt pathway
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Fei , Li Chang‐Sheng , Zhou Yi , Lu Xi‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, we aim to investigate the potential role of propofol in the tumor progression of colon cancer.MethodsHuman colon cancer cell lines were cultured and exposed with 8 μg/mL propofol. RNA interference was performed to silence the expression of HOTAIR or STAT3 to explore their biological functions in colon cancer. Cell apoptosis and invasion were assessed using flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. Quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were subjected to measure the expression patterns of HOTAIR, STAT3, Wnt signaling factors, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related markers, respectively. Besides, nude mice were transplanted with colon cancer cells for further exploration. Tumor formation, volume, and weight were evaluated to validate the in vitro findings.ResultsPropofol treatment promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion in colon cancer cells, while the effects were reversed by HOTAIR overexpression. Additionally, STAT3 positively regulated HOTAIR expression, which was also negatively modulated by propofol. Moreover, STAT3 and HOTAIR were shown to independently regulate colon cancer cell apoptosis and invasion. Furthermore, HOTAIR could stimulate Wnt signaling pathway via inhibiting WIF‐1 expression and upregulating β‐catenin expression, which was also demonstrated by in vivo study.ConclusionTaken together, the current study demonstrated that propofol exerts the inhibition on cell invasion and promotion on cell apoptosis through regulating STAT3/HOTAIR by activating WIF‐1 and suppressing Wnt pathway, indicating that propofol might serve as a therapeutic role for colon cancer patients in the future.
Long‐term results of elective mucosal irradiation for head and neck cancer of unknown primary in Chinese population: The EMICUP study
Authors: Dou Shengjin , Li Rongrong , Zhang Lin , Wang Zhuoying , Xie Li , Zhang Chenping , Zhu Guopei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveControversy still exists regarding the volume of radiation for head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP). Theoretically, elective mucosal irradiation (EMI) should achieve a balance between survival and toxicity. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the long‐term benefit of EMI in Chinese HNCUP patients.MethodsA phase II, single‐arm trial was performed at two centers in China. HNCUP patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma were enrolled. Patients with metastatic lymph nodes limited to level IV and/or the supraclavicular fossa were excluded. The EMI approach was specifically customized to Chinese patients by differentiating HNCUP as putative nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or non‐putative NPC. The primary endpoint was 3‐year mucosal recurrence‐free survival (MRFS).ResultsA total of 48 patients were enrolled between 02/02/2010 and 08/01/2018; 46 patients were analyzed, including 24 putative NPC and 22 non‐putative NPC patients. No primary recurrence was observed during a median follow‐up period of 70 months, and only 1 patient experienced out of field recurrence in the contralateral neck. The 3‐year MRFS was 90.6% (95%CI: 76.4%‐96.4%). The 5‐year MRFS, regional‐recurrence free survival (RRFS) and overall survival (OS) were 90.6% (95%CI: 76.4%‐96.4%), 86.0% (95%CI: 71.1%‐93.7%), and 90.6% (95%CI: 76.4%‐96.4%), respectively. No grade 4 acute or late toxicities occurred, and the most frequent grade 3 acute toxicity was oral mucositis (45.7%).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of EMI in Chinese HNCUP patients. Excellent MRFS and OS rates were observed. Further randomized studies are warranted.
Surgical Procedures Reducing Excessive Gingival Display in Gummy Smile Patients With Various Etiologic Backgrounds
Authors: Zardawi Faraedon M. , Gul Sarhang S. , Fatih Mohammed T. , Hama Balen J. 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionGummy smile (GS) is an esthetic issue which causes a person to show a larger than average amount of gum tissue when smiling. Lip repositioning procedure is a surgical treatment option performed by removing a partial thickness strip from the maxillary buccal vestibular mucosa and suturing back the lip mucosa to the mucogingival line. High rate of relapse has been recorded with this procedure. In this study, different treatment options were applied according to the etiology and clinical background of each individual case in an attempt to overcome relapse. Furthermore, modification of the conventional lip repositioning procedure and the clinical outcome of this technique will be demonstrated in this report.Case SeriesAmong the four selected patients who requested correction of their GS, the amounts of gingival display (GD) measured using digital Vernier were from 5 to 7 mm. Clinical examination revealed variation in the length of the clinical crowns, and vestibular depth and width of keratinized gingiva. Since the causes of their GS were different, different surgical modalities were applied to address GS in this case series. The procedures were gingivectomy, osteoplasty, and modification of lip repositioning procedure performed by removing a partial thickness ribbon of the keratinized attached gingiva and then suturing the labial alveolar mucosa to the attached gingiva at a level more coronal to its previous position.ConclusionOne‐year follow‐up showed that all these surgical procedures reduced excessive GD by 2 mm without relapse and the patients were satisfied with the esthetic outcome.
Embedding Sulfur Atoms in Decahedron Bismuth Vanadate Crystals with a Soft Chemical Approach for Expanding the Light Absorption Range
Authors: Zhao Yue , Liu Taifeng , Chen Ruotian , Zeng Bin , Tao Xiaoping , Li Jianming , Jin Xu , Li Rengui , Li Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBandgap engineering of semiconductors attracts great attention in the field of photocatalysis to enhance the conversion efficiency of semiconductors. Introducing impurity atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur and metal atoms, into the crystal lattice of semiconductors is one of the commonly used methods to broaden the light absorption range. However, traditional methods to embed impurity atoms require harsh conditions like high temperatures, which will destroy the morphology‐tailored structure of semiconductors in many cases. Herein, we demonstrated a soft chemical approach, hydrothermal method, to expand the light absorption range by introducing sulfur atoms in the typical semiconductor bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). After embedding sulfur atoms, the light absorption edge of BiVO4 crystals can be expanded from 530 nm to more than 650 nm, while, the decahedron morphology with exposed {010} and {110} facets of BiVO4 crystals was still well‐maintained. The sulfur‐embedded BiVO4 crystals show photocurrent response even under longer wavelengths than 550 nm and also exhibit an evident enhancement than pristine BiVO4 in photoelectrochemical performances under visible light. Our work offers a strategy for manipulating the band structures of semiconductors for applications in solar energy conversion.
Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Composite Electrolyte Membrane Derived from a Metal‐Organic Framework for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Li , Sun Chunwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we developed a new kind of flexible Li‐ion conductor membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) matrix and ionic liquid absorbed in metal‐organic framework (MOF) particles. This composite membrane facilitates a homogeneous Li‐ion flux and exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of about 4.3×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, a wide electrochemical window of 4.8 V (vs. Li+/Li), as well as good thermal stability and flexibility. The quasi‐solid‐state lithium metal battery assembled with the composite electrolyte membrane, a Li metal anode, and a composite cathode shows low interface impedance and a reversible discharge capacity of 149 mAh g−1 within 300 cycles at 0.1 C. This new kind of quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte membrane is a promising candidate for solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries with a high energy density.