bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identical or similar brand names used in different countries for medications with different active ingredients: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Merchant Lubna , Lutter Randall , Chang Sherry 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo identify US drug brand (proprietary) names that are identical or similar to drug brand names used in other countries containing different active ingredients and name confusion medication errors associated with these drugs.MethodsWe compared a list of brand names approved by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2006 through 2018 with a list of brand names from other countries generated by Uppsala Monitoring Centre using the WHODrug Dictionary. We evaluated drug name pairs that were identical or highly similar and had different active ingredients and searched for name confusion medication errors with these drugs.ResultsA total of 27 US brand names were found to be identical to 38 drug brand names in other countries with different active ingredients. A total of 74 US drug brand names were highly similar to 93 brand names in other countries for drugs containing different active ingredients. We identified name confusion medication errors for one similar name pair.ConclusionsUS drug brand names that are identical to or highly similar to brand names in other countries may cause confusion that can lead to medication errors such as wrong drug errors and wrong drug information being consulted. Manufacturers should consider this risk prior to submitting proposed brand names to regulatory authorities. Regulatory authorities may consider incorporating this check in their brand name reviews and work with manufacturers to eliminate the use of the same or similar brand names for products with different ingredients. Consumers filling prescriptions at foreign pharmacies should also be aware of potential name confusion.
Contraceptive use and access among deployed US servicewomen: findings from an online survey
Authors: Seymour Jane W , Fix Laura , Grossman Daniel , Grindlay Kate 
Published: April 2020

Background/introductionThis study aimed to survey US servicewomen on their contraceptive access and use during deployment.MethodsBetween June 2016 and July 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a convenience sample of current and former members of the US Military, National Guard and Reserves who had a deployment ending in 2010 or later. Participants were asked open-ended and closed-ended questions about their demographics and contraceptive use and access before and during their last deployment. Descriptive statistics were run on closed-ended questions and responses to open-ended questions were inductively coded.ResultsA total of 353 participants were included. Sixty-five per cent reported using contraception during all or part of their last deployment. Nearly half (49.3%) did not have or remember having a discussion with a military care provider about contraception prior to deployment. Both prior to and during deployment, the free or low cost of birth control and ability to get a full supply for deployment facilitated contraceptive use. Difficulty obtaining an appointment and the inability to get a full supply of birth control were barriers to contraception access both before and during deployment. Half (49.1%) of respondents who had to start or refill contraception during deployment said it was somewhat or very difficult to do so.ConclusionsFor at least some servicewomen, there are barriers to contraceptive access and use prior to and during overseas deployment. Programmes to increase contraceptive access should be expanded and monitoring systems should be implemented to ensure all servicemembers receive predeployment contraceptive counselling.
Differentiation between athlete’s heart and dilated cardiomyopathy in athletic individuals
Authors: Millar Lynne Martina , Fanton Zephryn , Finocchiaro Gherardo , Sanchez-Fernandez Gabriel , Dhutia Harshil , Malhotra Aneil , Merghani Ahmed , Papadakis Michael , Behr Elijah R , Bunce Nick , Oxborough David , Reed Matthew , O'Driscoll Jamie , Tome Esteban Maria Teresa , D'Silva Andrew , Carr-White Gerry , Webb Jessica , Sharma Rajan , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveDistinguishing early dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) from physiological left ventricular (LV) dilatation with LV ejection fraction <55% in athletes (grey zone) is challenging. We evaluated the role of a cascade of investigations to differentiate these two entities.MethodsThirty-five asymptomatic active males with DCM, 25 male athletes in the ‘grey zone’ and 24 male athletes with normal LV ejection fraction underwent N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement, ECG and exercise echocardiography. Grey-zone athletes and patients with DCM underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and Holter monitoring.ResultsLarger LV cavity dimensions and lower LV ejection fraction were the only differences between grey-zone and control athletes. None of the grey-zone athletes had abnormal NT-proBNP, increased ectopic burden/complex arrhythmias or pathological late gadolinium enhancement on CMR. These features were also absent in 71%, 71% and 50% of patients with DCM, respectively. 95% of grey-zone athletes and 60% of patients with DCM had normal ECG. During exercise echocardiography, 96% grey-zone athletes increased LV ejection fraction by >11% from baseline to peak exercise compared with 23% of patients with DCM (p<0.0001). Peak LV ejection fraction was >63% in 92% grey-zone athletes compared with 17% patients with DCM (p<0.0001). Failure to increase LV ejection fraction >11% from baseline to peak exercise or achieve a peak LV ejection fraction >63% had sensitivity of 77% and 83%, respectively, and specificity of 96% and 92%, respectively, for predicting DCM.ConclusionComprehensive assessment using a cascade of routine investigations revealed that exercise stress echocardiography has the greatest discriminatory value in differentiating between grey-zone athletes and asymptomatic patients with DCM. Our findings require validation in larger studies.
Gene panel for Mendelian strokes
Authors: Fang Fang , Xu Zhe , Suo Yue , Wang Hui , Cheng Si , Li Hao , Li Wei , Wang Yongjun 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMendelian stroke causes nearly 7% of ischaemic strokes and is also an important aetiology of cryptogenic stroke. Identifying the genetic abnormalities in Mendelian strokes is important as it would facilitate therapeutic management and genetic counselling. Next-generation sequencing makes large-scale sequencing and genetic testing possible.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify causal genes of Mendelian strokes, which were used to construct a hybridization-based gene capture panel. Genetic variants for target genes were detected using Illumina HiSeq X10 and the Novaseq platform. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by comparing the results with Sanger sequencing.Results53 suspected patients of Mendelian strokes were analysed using the panel of 181 causal genes. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standard, 16 likely pathogenic/variants of uncertain significance genetic variants were identified. Diagnostic testing was conducted by comparing the consistency between the results of panel and Sanger sequencing. Both the sensitivity and specificity were 100% for the panel.ConclusionThis panel provides an economical, time-saving and labour-saving method to detect causal mutations of Mendelian strokes.
Budgetary impact from multiple perspectives of sustained antitobacco national media campaigns to reduce the harms of cigarette smoking
Authors: Maciosek Michael V , Armour Brian S , Babb Stephen D , Dehmer Steven P , Grossman Elizabeth S , Homa David M , LaFrance Amy B , Rodes Robert , Wang Xu , Xu Zack , Yang Zhuo , Roy Kakoli 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHigh-intensity antitobacco media campaigns are a proven strategy to reduce the harms of cigarette smoking. While buy-in from multiple stakeholders is needed to launch meaningful health policy, the budgetary impact of sustained media campaigns from multiple payer perspectives is unknown.MethodsWe estimated the budgetary impact and time to breakeven from societal, all-payer, Medicare, Medicaid and private insurer perspectives of national antitobacco media campaigns in the USA. Campaigns of 1, 5 and 10 years of durations were assessed in a microsimulation model to estimate the 10 and 20-year health and budgetary impact. Simulation model inputs were obtained from literature and both pubic use and proprietary data sets.ResultsThe microsimulation predicts that a 10-year national smoking cessation campaign would produce net savings of $10.4, $5.1, $1.4, $3.6 and $0.2 billion from the societal, all-payer, Medicare, Medicaid and private insurer perspectives, respectively. National antitobacco media campaigns of 1, 5 and 10-year durations could produce net savings for Medicaid and Medicare within 2 years, and for private insurers within 6–9 years. A 10-year campaign would reduce adult cigarette smoking prevalence by 1.2 percentage points, prevent 23 500 smoking-attributable deaths over the first 10 years. In sensitivity analysis, media campaign costs would be offset by reductions in medical care spending of smoking among all payers combined within 6 years in all tested scenarios.Conclusions1, 5 and 10-year antitobacco media campaigns all yield net savings within 10 years from all perspectives. Multiyear campaigns yield substantially higher savings than a 1-year campaign.
Ovariectomy alters lengthening contraction induced heat shock protein expression
Authors: Locke Marius , Salerno Stephanie A. 
Published: April 2020

Estrogen appears to play a role in minimizing skeletal muscle damage as well as regulating the expression of the protective heat shock proteins (HSPs). To clarify the relationship between estrogen, muscle HSP content, and muscle damage, tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from ovary-intact (OVI; n = 12) and ovariectomized (OVX; 3 weeks, n = 12) female Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to either 20 or 40 lengthening contractions (LCs). Twenty-four hours after stimulation, TA muscles were removed, processed, and assessed for HSP25 and HSP72 content as well as muscle (damage) morphology. No differences in muscle contractile properties were observed in TA muscles between OVI and OVX animals for peak torque during the LCs. In unstressed TA muscles, the basal expression of HSP72 expression was decreased in OVX animals (P < 0.05) while HSP25 content remained unchanged. Following 20 LCs, HSP25 content was elevated (P < 0.05) in TA muscles from OVX animals but unchanged in muscles from OVI animals. Following 40 LCs, HSP25 content was elevated (P < 0.01) in TA muscles from both OVI and OVX animals while HSP72 content was elevated only in TA muscles from OVI animals (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest the loss of ovarian hormones, such as estrogen, may impair the skeletal muscle cellular stress response thereby rendering muscles more susceptible to certain types of contraction induced damage.Novelty Ovariectomy alters muscle HSP72 content. Muscle contractile measures are maintained following ovariectomy.
Convolutional recurrent neural networks with multi-sized convolution filters for sound-event recognition
Authors: Huang Feizhen , Zeng Jinfang , Zhang Yu , Xu Wentao 
Published: April 2020

Sound-event recognition often utilizes time-frequency analysis to produce an image-like spectrogram that provides a rich visual representation of original signal in time and frequency. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with the ability of learning discriminative spectrogram patterns are suitable for sound-event recognition. However, there is relatively little effort that CNN makes full use of the important temporal information. In this paper, we propose MCRNN, a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (CRNN) architecture for sound-event recognition, the letter “M” in the name “MCRNN” of our model denotes the multi-sized convolution filters. Richer features are extracted by using several different convolution filter sizes at the last convolution layer. In addition, cochleagram images are used as the input layer of the network, instead of the traditional spectrogram image of a sound signal. Experiments on the RWCP dataset shows that the recognition rate of the proposed method achieved 98.4% in clean conditions, and it robustly outperforms the existing methods, the recognition rate increased by 0.9%, 1.9% and 10.3% in 20 dB, 10 dB and 0 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), respectively.
Source/Drain Materials for Ge nMOS Devices: Phosphorus Activation in Epitaxial Si, Ge, Ge1−xSnx and SiyGe1−x−ySnx
Authors: Vohra Anurag , Makkonen Ilja , Pourtois Geoffrey , Slotte Jonatan , Porret Clement , Rosseel Erik , Khanam Afrina , Tirrito Matteo , Douhard Bastien , Loo Roger , Vandervorst Wilfried 
Published: April 2020

This paper benchmarks various epitaxial growth schemes based on n-type group-IV materials as viable source/drain candidates for Ge nMOS devices. Si:P grown at low temperature on Ge, gives an active carrier concentration as high as 3.5 × 1020 cm−3 and a contact resistivity down to 7.5 × 10−9 Ω.cm2. However, Si:P growth is highly defective due to large lattice mismatch between Si and Ge. Within the material stacks assessed, one option for Ge nMOS source/drain stressors would be to stack Si:P, deposited at contact level, on top of a selectively grown n-Si
y
Ge1−x−y
Sn
x
at source/drain level, in line with the concept of Si passivation of n-Ge surfaces to achieve low contact resistivities as reported in literature (Martens et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 013 504). The saturation in active carrier concentration with increasing P (or As)-doping is the major bottleneck in achieving low contact resistivities for as-grown Ge or Si
y
Ge1−x−y
Sn
x
. We focus on understanding various dopant deactivation mechanisms in P-doped Ge and Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloys. First principles simulation results suggest that P deactivation in Ge and Ge1−x
Sn
x
can be explained both by P-clustering and donor-vacancy complexes. Positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis, suggests that dopant deactivation in P-doped Ge and Ge1−x
Sn
x
is primarily due to the formation of P
n
-V and Sn
m
P
n
-V clusters.
Targeting Opsin4/Melanopsin with a Novel Small Molecule Suppresses PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Zhang Tianshun , Chang Xiaoyu , Wang Keke , Lee Mee-Hyun , Ma Wei-Ya , Liu Kangdong , Dong Zigang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The identification of oncogenic biomolecules as drug targets is an unmet need for the development of clinically effective novel anticancer therapies. In this study, we report for the first time that opsin 4/melanopsin (OPN4) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a potential drug target. Our study has revealed that OPN4 is overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues and cells, and is inversely correlated with patient survival probability. Knocking down expression of OPN4 suppressed cells growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. We have also found that OPN4, a G protein-coupled receptor, interacted with Gα11 and triggered the PKC/BRAF/MEK/ERKs signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Genetic ablation of OPN4 attenuated the multiplicity and the volume of urethane-induced lung tumors in mice. Importantly, our study provides the first report of AE 51310 (1-[(2,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidine) as a small-molecule inhibitor of OPN4, suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cells and the growth of patient-derived xenograft tumors in mice.

Implications:
Overall, this study unveils the role of OPN4 in NSCLC and suggests that targeting OPN4 with small molecules, such as AE 51310 would be interesting to develop novel anticancer therapies for lung adenocarcinoma.
Gérard Duménil e Dominique Lévy. Managerial capitalism: Ownership, management and the coming new mode of production
Authors: Dal Rosso Sadi 
Published: April 2020

Resenha do livro de Gérard Duménil e Dominique Lévy. Managerial Capitalism. Ownership, management and the coming new mode of production. London, Pluto Press, 2018.
Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Individuals With and Without Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Andreasen Charlotte , Gislason Gunnar H. , Køber Lars , Abdulla Jawdat , Martinsson Andreas , Smith J. Gustav , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Andersson Charlotte 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
Aortic valve stenosis may lead to atrial and ventricular remodeling, predisposes to atrial fibrillation, and may also be an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke. However, information on stroke rates among persons with aortic valve stenosis are sparse. We aimed to determine the incidence rates and relative risks of ischemic stroke in individuals with diagnosed aortic valve stenosis compared with age- and sex-matched controls.

Methods—
All patients with incident aortic valve stenosis aged >18 years (n=79 310) and age- and sex-matched controls were identified using the Danish nationwide registries (1997–2017). Incidence rates per 1000 person-years (PY) and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CIs were reported.

Results—
In total, 873 373 individuals (median age 77 years, 51.5% men, 9.1% with aortic valve stenosis) were included. Ischemic stroke occurred in 70 205 (8.0%) individuals during 4 880 862 PY of follow-up. Incidence rates of ischemic stroke were 13.3/1000 PY among the controls compared with 30.4/1000 PY in patients with aortic valve stenosis, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.28–1.34). In all age-groups, the incidence rates and relative risks were significantly increased in patients with aortic valve stenosis compared with controls, but the relative risk was greater for younger individuals (eg, age group, 18–45 years: hazard ratio, 5.94 [95% CI, 4.10–8.36]). In patients with aortic valve stenosis above 65 years of age, the risk of ischemic stroke was markedly lower after aortic valve replacement (30.3 versus 19.6/1000 PY before and after valve replacement). Among people with atrial fibrillation the incidence rate of ischemic stroke was 1.5 times higher when aortic valve stenosis was present (33.0/1000 PY versus 49.9/1000 PY).

Conclusions—
People with aortic valve stenosis have a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Future studies are warranted to explore whether antithrombotic therapy may be beneficial in some individuals.
A Satellite-Based Climatology of Central and Southeastern U.S. Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Cheeks Shawn M. , Fueglistaler Stephan , Garner Stephen T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA satellite-based climatology is presented of 9607 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that occurred over the central and southeastern United States from 1996 to 2017. This climatology is constructed with a fully automated algorithm based on their cold cloud shields, as observed from infrared images taken by GOES-East satellites. The geographical, seasonal, and diurnal patterns of MCS frequency are evaluated, as are the frequency distributions and seasonal variability of duration and maximum size. MCS duration and maximum size are found to be strongly correlated, with coefficients greater than 0.7. Although previous literature has subclassified MCSs based on size and duration, we find no obvious threshold that cleanly categorizes MCSs. The Plains and Deep South are identified as two regional modes of maximum MCS frequency, accounting for 21% and 18% of MCSs, respectively, and these are found to differ in the direction and speed of the MCSs (means of 16 and 13 m s−1), their distributions of duration and size (means of 12.2 h, 176 000 km2 and 9.6 h, 108 000 km2), their initial growth rates (means of 7.6 and 6.1 km2 s−1), and many aspects of the seasonal cycle. The lifetime patterns of MCS movement and growth are evaluated for the full domain and for the two regional modes. The growth patterns and strong correlation between size and duration allow for a parabolic function to represent the MCS life cycle quite well in summary statistics. We show that this satellite-based climatology supports previous studies identifying favorable environments for mesoscale convective systems.
The Debt/Energy Nexus behind Puerto Rico’s Long Blackout: From Fossil Colonialism to New Energy Poverty
Authors: Smith-Nonini Sandy 
Published: April 2020

After Hurricane Maria wiped out Puerto Rico’s electrical grid in 2017, its citizens endured the longest blackout in U.S. history, some not regaining power until nearly a year later. An analysis of the profound social impacts and health costs and the delays in power restoration with a focus on the relationship between the U.S. territory’s debt crisis and its “fossil colonial” past offers insights into patterns of manipulation by politicians, bankers, and fossil-fuel companies that led to excess borrowing by the Puerto Rican public electrical utility, contributing to a neglect of infrastructure and high rates for citizens during a time period when tax incentives for corporate manufacturing were being phased out just as oil prices rose to record levels. Después de que el huracán María destruyera la red eléctrica de Puerto Rico en 2017, sus ciudadanos sufrieron el apagón más largo en la historia de los EE. UU., Algunos no recuperaron la luz hasta casi un año después. Un análisis de los profundos impactos sociales y los costos de salud y los retrasos en la restauración del poder eléctrico, con un enfoque en la relación entre la crisis de deuda de este territorio estadounidense y su pasado “colonial fósil“, revela nuevas percepciones sobre los patrones de manipulación por parte de políticos, banqueros y empresas de combustibles fósiles que condujeron a préstamos excesivos por parte de la empresa eléctrica pública puertorriqueña, lo que contribuyó a la negligencia de la infraestructura y las altas tasas para los ciudadanos durante un período de tiempo cuando los incentivos fiscales para la fabricación corporativa se estaban eliminando gradualmente justo cuando los precios del petróleo subieron a niveles récord.
The Effect of External Auditory Canal Packing Duration on Healing After Endoscopic Cartilage Myringoplasty
Authors: Lou Zhengcai 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The external auditory canal (EAC) packing is widely used in otosurgery and is considered to promote hemostasis and to support tympanic membrane grafts. However, few studies have investigated the effects of packing removal time on healing. Objective: We investigated the effect of EAC packing duration on healing after endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty in patients with chronic tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). Materials and Methods: Patients with chronic TMPs who underwent endoscopic “push-through” cartilage myringoplasty were divided into early and late groups based on the length of time before EAC packing was removed. The graft success rate, eardrum appearance, and hearing gain were assessed 3 months after surgery. Results: The study included 137 patients. Three months after surgery, the graft success rate was 83.5% (66/79) in the early group and 94.8% (55/58) in the late group ( P = .042). The graft was displaced in 8 (10.1%) patients in the early group and in 1 (1.7%) patient in the late group ( P = .050). No epithelialization was found on the surface of the grafts in the early group, whereas epithelialization was nearly complete 4 weeks after surgery in the late group. Conclusions: Delaying removal of the EAC packing after endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty may promote tympanic membrane better healing and cartilage graft epithelialization and improve the appearance of the eardrum.