bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of small bowel cancer: a binational population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Axelrad Jordan E , Olén Ola , Sachs Michael C , Erichsen Rune , Pedersen Lars , Halfvarson Jonas , Askling Johan , Ekbom Anders , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Ludvigsson Jonas F 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveCrohn’s disease (CD) is associated with increased risk of small bowel cancer (SBC), but previous studies have been small. We aimed to examine the risk of incident SBC and death from SBC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignIn a binational, population-based cohort study from Sweden and Denmark of patients with IBD during 1969–2017 and matched reference individuals from the general population, we evaluated the risk of incident SBC and death from SBC. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).ResultsWe identified 161 896 individuals with IBD (CD: 47 370; UC: 97 515; unclassified IBD: 17 011). During follow-up, 237 cases of SBC were diagnosed in patients with IBD (CD: 24.4/100 000 person-years; UC: 5.88/100 000 person-years), compared with 640 cases in reference individuals (2.81/100 000 person-years and 3.32/100 000 person-years, respectively). This corresponded to one extra case of SBC in 385 patients with CD and one extra case in 500 patients with UC, followed up for 10 years. The aHR for incident SBC was 9.09 (95% CI 7.34 to 11.3) in CD and 1.85 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.39) in UC. Excluding the first year after an IBD diagnosis, the aHRs for incident SBC decreased to 4.96 in CD and 1.69 in UC. Among patients with CD, HRs were independently highest for recently diagnosed, childhood-onset, ileal and stricturing CD. The relative hazard of SBC-related death was increased in both patients with CD (aHR 6.59, 95% CI 4.74 to 9.15) and patients with UC (aHR 1.57; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.32).ConclusionSBC and death from SBC were more common in patients with IBD, particularly among patients with CD, although absolute risks were low.
Adjuncts to local anesthetic wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review
Authors: Bai Johnny Wei , An Dong , Perlas Anahi , Chan Vincent 
Published: May 2020

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly infiltrated into surgical wounds for postsurgical analgesia. While many adjuncts to LA agents have been studied, it is unclear which adjuncts are most effective for co-infiltration to improve and prolong analgesia. We performed a systematic review on adjuncts (excluding epinephrine) to local infiltrative anesthesia to determine their analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing properties. Multiple databases were searched up to December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two reviewers independently performed title/abstract screening and full-text review. Inclusion criteria were (1) adult surgical patients and (2) adjunct and LA agents infiltration into the surgical wound or subcutaneous tissue for postoperative analgesia. To focus on wound infiltration, studies on intra-articular, peri-tonsillar, or fascial plane infiltration were excluded. The primary outcome was reduction in postoperative opioid requirement. Secondary outcomes were time-to-first analgesic use, postoperative pain score, and any reported adverse effects. We screened 6670 citations, reviewed 126 full-text articles, and included 89 RCTs. Adjuncts included opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, magnesium, neosaxitoxin, and methylene blue. Alpha-2 agonists have the most evidence to support their use as adjuncts to LA infiltration. Fentanyl, ketorolac, dexamethasone, magnesium and several other agents show potential as adjuncts but require more evidence. Most studies support the safety of these agents. Our findings suggest benefits of several adjuncts to local infiltrative anesthesia for postoperative analgesia. Further well-powered RCTs are needed to compare various infiltration regimens and agents.Protocol registrationPROSPERO (CRD42018103851) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=103851)
New insights into the systemic effects of oral lactoferrin: transcriptome profiling
Authors: Kruzel Marian L. , Olszewska Paulina , Pazdrak Barbara , Krupinska Anna M. , Actor Jeffrey K. 
Published: May 2020

The immunomodulatory nature of lactoferrin (LF) derives from its ability to bridge innate and adaptive immunity in obtaining physiological equilibrium. LF is an attractive molecule for treatment of diseases that compromise immune homeostasis. Oral delivery is a preferable method for LF administration; however, its bioavailability is affected by protein degradation and absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of orally and intravenously (IV) administered recombinant human LF (rhLF) on blood cell transcriptome profiling. Rats were administered a single dose of rhLF by gavage or IV. The transcriptome profiles from the control and the rhLF-treated rats after 3, 6, and 24 h were analyzed using a Clariom D microarray. The results showed differentially expressed genes in response to IV as well as oral administered rhLF including coding and noncoding RNAs. Moreover, a comparison of the differentially expressed genes between oral and IV administration of LF, after 6 h, revealed that the majority (72.8%) of the genes altered in response to oral administration of rhLF were the same as for the IV treatment. The pathway profiles showed similarities in up-regulation of specific genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses for both routes of treatments. These findings provide evidence of the systemic signal transduction effects of orally administered rhLF.
Fully Dynamic Approximate k-Core Decomposition in Hypergraphs
Authors: Sun Bintao , Chan T.-H. Hubert , Sozio Mauro 
Published: May 2020

In this article, we design algorithms to maintain approximate core values in dynamic hypergraphs. This notion has been well studied for normal graphs in both static and dynamic setting. We generalize the problem to hypergraphs when edges can be inserted or deleted by an adversary.
We consider two dynamic scenarios. In the first case, there are only insertions; and in the second case, there can be both insertions and deletions. In either case, the update time is poly-logarithmic in the number of nodes, with the insertion-only case boasting a better approximation ratio. We also perform extensive experiments on large real-world datasets, which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our algorithms.
La République mondiale des lettres in the World Republic of Scholarship
Authors: Damrosch David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pascale Casanova’s seminal book has had an enormous and continuing impact around the world in a dozen languages, and as a result La République mondiale des lettres has itself become subject to the processes described within the book itself, as it enters world scholarly space. Casanova herself reflected directly on the somewhat unsettling results of this process, and her subsequent work was shaped in various ways by the international response to her pathbreaking book. This essay examines Casanova’s responses to the varied responses to her book, and suggests that her subsequent books should be understood as embodying a resulting mixture of resistance and rethinking of her earlier positions.
For a Theory of Relay Translations
Authors: Samoyault Tiphaine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The hierarchical system described by Pascale Casanova in The World Republic of Letters and La Langue mondiale is confirmed by the global phenomenon of relay translations, which attests that international exchanges are rarely bilateral. The study of relay or indirect translations completes what she says about the crucial role of mediators in the mechanisms of literary circulation. Yet the concrete processes of the intervention of the third party are only occasionally studied (in case studies) and are rarely synthesized. They bring into play mere configurations of the international in a non-systemic, but historical and not always deterministic way. This article attempts to theorize a practice that modifies the frames of thought of translation itself.
Prizing Francophonie into Existence
Authors: Bedecarré Madeline 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between literary prizes and the framing of contemporary francophone literature as world literature. Using a literary and sociological lens, I analyze how the Prix des Cinq Continents marketed itself as a kind of French-speaking Nobel, promoting the idea of a world literature in French. This article examines the prize’s different criteria for selection through close readings of promotional materials as well as interviews conducted between 2012 and 2016 with members of the jury, prize administrators, prize-winners, and representatives from the Senegalese reading committee. My research shows how the prize administrators’ rhetoric of diversity, hides the inequalities and exclusionary practices that “francophone” writers must face. This article argues that the idea of world literature has been recuperated by the OIF to protect the category of “francophone” and consolidate the domination of French cultural power in its former colonies.
Opening the Fifth Seal Catholic Martyrs and Forces of Religious Competition
Authors: McCleary Rachel M. , Barro Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since Pope John Paul II’s stock-taking of twentieth century martyrs, the Catholic Church has significantly increased the beatification and canonization of martyrs. Not only have the numbers of martyrs increased but the definition of martyrdom has expanded. Using a comprehensive new data set on Catholic martyrs (1588 to 2020), we argue that the Vatican’s recent emphasis on martyrs is a strategic response to competition with Protestants, specifically Evangelicals. Martyrs, unlike regular saints (confessors), tend to be predominantly male and died in parts of the world where the Catholic Church was actively involved in evangelization or had a significant presence. Martyrdom often associates with violent events, such as the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and the French Revolution, and with mass persecutions, such as in the English Reformation or in cases of repression of missionaries, as in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and China.
Religious Diversity and Women’s Attitudes Toward Using Assisted Reproductive Technologies—Insights from a Pilot Study in Germany
Authors: Milewski Nadja , Haug Sonja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study examines women’s attitudes toward the own use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by their religious affiliation in Germany. The social relevance of ART is increasing in Western countries due to overall low birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and the actual numbers of children. Previous literature has been scarce, however, on attitudes toward ART, and religious diversity has not been included in studies on ART. Our analysis is based on data collected in a pilot study in 2014 and 2015. The sample includes 944 women aged 18 to 50 living in Germany. The results show that Muslim women were significantly more likely than Christian women to say they would consider using ART; having no religious affiliation was associated with the least open attitude toward ART usage.
Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buckley Nicholas , Glasson Emma J , Chen Wai , Epstein Amy , Leonard Helen , Skoss Rachel , Jacoby Peter , Blackmore Amanda Marie , Srinivasjois Ravisha , Bourke Jenny , Sanders Richard J , Downs Jenny 
Published: May 2020

Background: Children and adolescents with intellectual disability are at risk of developing psychiatric symptoms and disorders; yet, the estimates reported in the literature have been inconsistent, presenting a potential barrier for service planning and delivery. Sources of variability could arise from differences in measurement instruments as well as subgroup membership by severity of intellectual disability, gender and age. This systematic review aimed to address these gaps. Method: MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 2018 and selected studies were reviewed. Studies were included if they reported point prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in a general population of 6- to 21-year-old individuals with intellectual disability. The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist was applied to eligible papers to appraise their scientific strength. Pooled prevalence for mental health symptomology was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 19 studies were included, including 6151 children and adolescents. The pooled prevalence estimate captured by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist was 38% (95% confidence interval = [31, 46]), contrasting with 49% (95% confidence interval = [46, 51]) captured by the Child Behaviour Checklist; both rates were higher than a non-intellectual disability population. Severity of intellectual disability did not significantly influence the Developmental Behaviour Checklist risks. Insufficient data were available to conduct statistical analyses on the effects of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (30%), conduct disorder (3–21%) and anxiety disorders (7–34%) were the most prevalent conditions. Conclusion: This review consists of the largest sample hitherto evaluated. In the intellectual disability population, mental health comorbidities could be better detected by a symptom phenotype than a psychiatric diagnostic phenotype. Crucially, future research needs to address the effect of measurement validity in the intellectual disability population. Estimated prevalence rates were high compared to the general population, indicating the importance of systematic screening, case detection and appropriate management.
Is it time to change the gold standard of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity assessment? Factor structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
Authors: Fatori Daniel , Costa Daniel LC , Asbahr Fernando R , Ferrão Ygor A , Rosário Maria Conceição , Miguel Euripedes C , Shavitt Roseli G , Batistuzzo Marcelo C 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale has been considered the gold standard scale to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder severity. Previous studies using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with this scale showed mixed findings in terms of factor structure and fit of models. Therefore, we used confirmatory factor analysis to compare different Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale models in a large sample aiming to identify the best model fit. Methods: We assessed adult obsessive-compulsive disorder patients ( n = 955) using three measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale severity ratings, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the clinical global impression scale. We tested all factor structures reported by previous studies to investigate which model best fitted the data: one-factor, two-factor, three-factor and their equivalent high-order solutions. We also investigated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale items correlations with scores from the other measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis models presented mediocre to fair goodness-of-fit indexes. Severity items related to resistance to obsessions and compulsions presented low factor loadings. The model with the best fit indexes was a high-order model without obsessive-compulsive disorder resistance items. These items also presented small correlations with other obsessive-compulsive disorder severity measures. Conclusion: The obsessive-compulsive disorder field needs to discuss further improvements in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and/or continue to search for better measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity.
The Political Economy of Puerto Rico: Surplus Use and Class Structure
Authors: Fuentes-Ramírez Ricardo R. 
Published: May 2020

Assuming that the first claim on a society’s output is to meet the essential consumption needs of its citizens, the remainder of its output, or surplus, can be conceptualized as discretionary income that it may use in various ways. An analysis of the use of the surplus in Puerto Rico suggests that most of the economic surplus remains within the island, unproductively utilized by domestic capitalists. By redirecting this surplus to productive investment, Puerto Rico could initiate a process of recovery. The task is developing the political will to transfer this wealth from high-income Puerto Ricans and unproductive sectors to a radical industrial policy initiative. Emphasizing that there are in fact alternatives to austerity may facilitate social movements’ coalescing around this policy and thus contribute to the development of the political conditions necessary for restoring growth and development. Asumiendo que el primer reclamo sobre la producción de una sociedad es satisfacer las necesidades esenciales de consumo de sus ciudadanos, el resto de su producción, o excedente, puede conceptualizarse como un ingreso discrecional que se puede usar de varias maneras. Un análisis del uso del excedente en Puerto Rico sugiere que la mayor parte del excedente económico permanece dentro de la isla, utilizada de manera improductiva por los capitalistas nacionales. Al redirigir este excedente a la inversión productiva, Puerto Rico podría iniciar un proceso de reactivación. La tarea es desarrollar la voluntad política para transferir esta riqueza de puertorriqueños de altos ingresos y sectores improductivos a una iniciativa de política industrial radical. Enfatizar que, de hecho, existen alternativas a la austeridad puede facilitar que los movimientos sociales se aglutinan en torno a esta política y contribuir así al desarrollo de las condiciones políticas necesarias para restaurar el crecimiento y el desarrollo.
Bone regeneration utilizing a newly developed octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold
Authors: Kaneko Mayumi , Shigeno Keiji , Wakatsuki Mariko , Nakada Akira , Inada Yuji , Nakamura Tatsuo 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Autologous bone grafting or various bone-regenerating materials are used to treat bone defects caused by tumor resection and accident trauma. Octacalcium phosphate, a reasonable bone regenerative material, activates osteoblasts. We fabricated a composite material, octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen, as a new scaffold. We aimed to investigate the osteoregenerative effect of the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold (compared with that of weakly denatured collagen) in skull defects in a canine model. Methods: Atelocollagen was extracted from porcine skin via pepsin treatment. The weakly denatured collagen scaffold was fabricated with a freeze-dried and thermally crosslinked atelocollagen suspension at pH 7.4. Octacalcium phosphate was synthesized using Ca-acetate and NaH2PO4. Octacalcium phosphate particles (diameter, 199–298 µm) were mixed with a collagen matrix to fabricate an octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold. Bilateral defects (diameter, 10 mm; full-thickness) were induced in dog skulls, and the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen and weakly denatured collagen scaffolds were implanted into the defects. Results: Eight weeks after implantations, bone regeneration was evaluated via histopathological analysis. It revealed osteoblast infiltration and osteoregeneration in all defects treated with the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold. The defects treated with weakly denatured collagen scaffold or without any scaffold mostly contained connective tissue, with no neo-osteogenesis. Discussion: The novel octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold better promotes osteoregeneration than the weakly denatured collagen scaffold; this “in situ tissue engineering” approach is potentially clinically applicable for bone reconstruction.
Safe Operative Planning For Extensive Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification (NHO) at the Hip
Authors: Yi Liew Mei , Rampal Rajesh , Solayar Gandhi Nathan , Ahmad Abdul Rauf 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Patients_with_traumatic_brain_or_spinal_cord injury are at risk of developing peri-articular NHO most frequently affecting the hip; with resulting ankyloses and functional limitations1. Surgical excision aims to improve functional ability and facilitate nursing care2. It is technically challenging as NHO development maybe multi-focal and multi-directional around the joint involving important neuro-vascular structures2. Plain_radiographs often provide sub-optimal_information_required_for_surgical planning Methods: An_18-year-old_male_presented to us with pain and immobility of his right hip 18-months following a traumatic brain injury. The joint was completely ankylosed and he was unable to walk. Plain radiograph showed extensive NHO from medial aspect of right proximal femur to ischial tuberosity (Figure_1). A CT scan with 3D reconstruction more clearly defined the NHO as extending posteriorly from the greater trochanter to ipsilateral pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity (Figures 2a & 2b). We therefore opted_for_a_Kocher-Langenback approach and performed selective excision to achieve satisfactory_range of motion. RESULTS: The_Kocher-Langenbeck_approach_enabled_us to visualise and access a major segment of the bone bridge. Excision of NHO began at the proximal end of the femur with aim to break the bone bridge between the femur and pelvis to enable hip movement (Figure 3). Limited excision was performed until satisfactory range of motion of hip is achieved as assessed intraoperatively. This is to reduce risk of iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury. 3 months following_surgery, the_patient is now weight bearing_with_80_degrees_of_hip_flexion_with good_internal_and_external_rotation. Conclusion: CT_scanning_with_3D reconstruction should be performed prior to excision of hip NHO as it aids the surgeon in planning the appropriate approach and avoid iatrogenic injury to_adjacent_structures.