bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term real‐life glycaemic outcomes with a hybrid closed‐loop system compared with sensor‐augmented pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Akturk Halis Kaan , Giordano Dominique , Champakanath Anagha , Brackett Scott , Garg Satish , Snell‐Bergeon Janet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo compare glycaemic metrics at 3 and 6 months in patients with type 1 diabetes on a 670G hybrid closed‐loop (HCL) system after using a sensor‐augmented pump (SAP) for at least 3 months.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study from a centre that has the largest number of 670G users in the United States was conducted. Data from 202 SAP users were reviewed. Sixty‐one patients were excluded (two for steroid use, four for pregnancy, 27 for previous Enlite use, and 28 for non‐continuous use of 670G). Out of 141 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 127 (aged 21–68 years) had complete data.ResultsHbA1c levels decreased by 0.4% at 3 months and were maintained at 6 months (7.6 ± 0.07 vs. 7.2 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) with no weight gain at 6 months. Time‐in‐range (70–180 mg/dL) increased from 59.5% ± 1.1% to 70.2% ± 1.2% and 70.1% ± 1.1% at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.001), respectively. At 6 months, time spent in hypoglycaemia (<70 mg/dL) and time spent in hyperglycaemia (>180 mg/dL) were reduced by 30% (2.2% ± 0.2% vs. 3.2% ± 0.2%; P < 0.05) and 26% (28.3% ± 1.2% vs. 38.1% ± 1.2%; P < 0.001), respectively. More time in auto‐mode was associated with improved continuous glucose monitoring metrics, lower HbA1c and decreased glycaemic variability. Time in auto‐mode declined in men after 3 months, while women maintained similar auto‐mode use throughout the study.ConclusionsThe HCL system improved HbA1c levels and time‐in‐range, and decreased time spent in hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia at 6 months. Auto‐mode use was significantly correlated with continuous glucose monitoring metrics and glycaemic outcomes.
Accuracy of left ventricular ejection fraction determined by automated analysis of handheld echocardiograms: A comparison of experienced and novice examiners
Authors: Aldaas Omar M. , Igata Sachiyo , Raisinghani Ajit , Kraushaar Megan , DeMaria Anthony N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHandheld ultrasound devices have been developed that facilitate imaging in new clinical settings. However, quantitative assessment has been difficult. Software algorithms have recently been developed with the aim of providing rapid measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with minimal operator input.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled a cohort of 70 patients scheduled to undergo echocardiography at the University of California, San Diego. Each patient underwent a standard echocardiography examination by an experienced sonographer as well as a handheld ultrasound with automated software by both the sonographer and an inexperienced resident.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the LVEFs obtained from the standard transthoracic echocardiogram and handheld device in the hands of a novice (r = 0.62; 95% CI 0.45‐0.75) and experienced sonographer (r = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54‐0.80). The sensitivity and specificity to detect a reduced LVEF (<50%) were 69% and 96% for the novice and 64% and 98% for the experienced sonographer. The sensitivity and specificity to detect a severely reduced LVEF (<35%) were 67% and 97% for the novice and 56% and 93% for the experienced sonographer, but when limited to recordings of at least adequate quality, improved to 100% and 100% for the novice and 100% and 98% for the experienced sonographer, respectively.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the handheld ultrasound device paired with novel software can provide a clinically useful estimate of LVEF when the images are of adequate quality and yield results by novice examiners that are similar to experienced sonographers.
Gut microbiota–brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation
Authors: Carlessi Anelise S. , Borba Laura A. , Zugno Alexandra I. , Quevedo João , Réus Gislaine Z. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus, it is believed that other systems or pathways which regulate brain networks involved in mood regulation and cognition are associated with MDD pathogenesis. Studies in humans and animal models have been shown that in MDD there are increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines in both periphery and central nervous system (CNS). In addition, microglial activation appears to be a key event that triggers changes in signaling cascades and gene expression that would be determinant for the onset of depressive symptoms. Recent researches also point out that changes in the gut microbiota would lead to a systemic inflammation that in different ways would reach the CNS modulating inflammatory pathways and especially the microglia, which could influence responses to treatments. Moreover, pre‐ and probiotics have shown antidepressant responses and anti‐inflammatory effects. This review will focus on studies that show the relationship of inflammation with the gut microbiota–brain axis and its relation with MDD.
Higher‐order discrimination learning by honeybees in a virtual environment
Authors: Buatois Alexis , Laroche Lou , Lafon Gregory , Avarguès‐Weber Aurore , Giurfa Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐elemental learning constitutes a cognitive challenge because events to be learned are usually ambiguous in terms of reinforcement outcome, contrary to elemental learning, which relies on unambiguous associations. Negative patterning (NP) constitutes a paradigmatic case of non‐elemental learning, as subjects have to learn that single elements are reinforced while their simultaneous presentation is not reinforced (A+, B+ vs. AB−). Solving NP requires treating AB as being different from the linear sum of its components in order to overcome the ambiguity of stimulus reinforcement (i.e. A and B are as often reinforced as not reinforced). The honeybee is currently the only insect mastering NP as shown by studies restricted mainly to the olfactory domain. Here, we tested the bees' capacity to solve a NP discrimination in the visual domain and used to this end a virtual reality (VR) environment in which a tethered bee walking stationary on a spherical treadmill faces visual stimuli projected on a semicircular screen. We show that bees learn a composite grating made of alternated green and blue bars in an elemental way, and generalize their response to both a blue and a green grating. Yet, after NP training, one‐quarter of the bees inhibited elemental processing and responded significantly more to the single‐coloured gratings than to the composite grating. Alternative strategies were used by the other bees, which achieved partial NP learning. These results offer attractive perspectives to study different forms of visual learning in a controlled VR environment, and dissect their underlying mechanisms.
Reweaving river food webs through time
Authors: Bowes Rachel E. , Thorp James H. , Delong Michael D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Our project sought to determine ecological effects of adding low‐head dams and levees to large rivers by examining potential changes to aquatic food webs over a 70‐year period in the Lower Ohio River (LOR) and Upper Mississippi River (UMR).

We employed museum collections of fish and compound specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids to evaluate long‐term changes in primary food sources for multiple species of fish in each river.

Fishes in both rivers depended more on autochthonous than allochthonous carbon sources throughout the 70‐year period (based on measurements of isotopic signatures of algae, C3 plants, C4 plants, cyanobacteria, and fungi), but the relative use of different carbon sources differed between the UMR and LOR. Significant but opposite shifts in trophic positions (TP) between rivers over time (higher TP in the UMR; lower in the LOR) were correlated with major anthropogenic changes to habitat structure (e.g. slight decrease in abundance of side channels in the UMR; increase in pool water depth in the LOR) resulting from low‐head dam construction. They may also have been influenced by likely increased primary productivity in the UMR from agricultural nitrogen inputs and by possible shifts in the importance of phytoplankton versus benthic algae in the LOR from changes in water depth. Shifts in trophic position and reliance on various food sources were not correlated with variation in discharge, gage height, or temperature.

Although these two rivers have contrasting hydrogeomorphic complexity (UMR is an anastomosing river, while the LOR is a constricted channel river) and different discharge patterns (seasonal versus yearly operation in some cases), both differ substantially from rivers having hydrogeomorphic changes resulting from construction of high dams (>15 m). It is not surprising, therefore, that factors controlling trophic position and reliance on different carbon sources vary among different types of dams and river structures.
Rethinking sources of nitrogen to cereal crops
Authors: Yan Ming , Pan Genxing , Lavallee Jocelyn M. , Conant Richard T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how to manage N inputs to identify the practices that maximize N recovery has been an organizing principle of agronomic research. Because growth in N fertilizer inputs is expected to continue in an ongoing effort to boost crop production over coming decades, understanding how to efficiently manage recovery of fertilizer N will be important going forward. Yet synthesis of published data that has traced the fate of 15N‐labeled fertilizer shows that less than half of the N taken up by crops is derived from current‐year N fertilizer. The source of the majority of N in crops is something other than current‐year fertilizer and the sources are not really known. This is true for maize (only 41% of N in crops was from current‐year N fertilizer), rice (32%), and small grains (37%). Recovery of organic fertilizer N (manure, green manure, compost, etc.) in crops is low (27%), though N recovery in subsequent years (10%) was greater than that for mineral fertilizers. Thus, while research on efficiency of N fertilizer use through improved rate, type, location, and timing is important, this research fails to directly address management of the majority of the N supplied to crops. It seems likely that the majority of non‐fertilizer N found in crops comes from turnover of soil and crop residue N. We encourage the research community to revisit the mental model that fertilizer is a replacement for N supply from turnover of soil organic N (SON) and consider a model in which N fertilizer augments ongoing SON turnover and makes an important longer term contribution to SON maintenance and turnover. Research focused on the efficient recovery of N current‐year fertilizer inputs neglects this potential role for building soil N and managing soil N turnover, which seems likely to be the most important source of crop N.
Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges
Authors: van der Sande Masha T. , Bruelheide Helge , Dawson Wayne , Dengler Jürgen , Essl Franz , Field Richard , Haider Sylvia , van Kleunen Mark , Kreft Holger , Pagel Joern , Pergl Jan , Purschke Oliver , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Attorre Fabio , Aubin Isabelle , Bergmeier Erwin , Chytrý Milan , Dainese Matteo , De Sanctis Michele , Fagundez Jaime , Golub Valentin , Guerin Greg R. , Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Jandt Ute , Jansen Florian , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Kattge Jens , Kearsley Elizabeth , Klotz Stefan , Kramer Koen , Moretti Marco , Niinemets Ülo , Peet Robert K. , Penuelas Josep , Petřík Petr , Reich Peter B. , Sandel Brody , Schmidt Marco , Sibikova Maria , Violle Cyrille , Whitfeld Timothy J. S. , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimAlien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co‐occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co‐occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability.LocationGlobal.Time periodRecent.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation‐plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species’ traits.ResultsIn both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co‐occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co‐occurring species.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species’ native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.
Rapid detection of respiratory organisms with FilmArray respiratory panel and its impact on clinical decisions in Shanghai, China, 2016‐2018
Authors: Qian Yiyi , Ai Jingwen , Wu Jing , Yu Shenglei , Cui Peng , Gao Yan , Jin Jialin , Weng Xinhua , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we evaluated the diagnostic potential and clinical impact of an automated multiplex PCR platform (the FilmArray Respiratory Panel; FA‐RP), specially designed for pathogen detection in respiratory tract infections in adults with unexplained pneumonia (UP).MethodsA total of 112 UP patients in Shanghai, China, were enrolled prospectively and assessed using the FA‐RP from October 2016 to March 2018. We examined the test results and their influence on clinical decisions. Furthermore, as a control group, we retrospectively obtained the clinical data of 70 UP patients between October 2014 and March 2016 (before the FA‐RP was available). The two patient groups were compared with respect to factors, including general antimicrobial use and defined daily dose (DDD) numbers.ResultsBetween October 2016 and March 2018, the positive rate obtained using FA‐RP for UP was 76.8%. The primary pathogens in adults with UP were Influenza A/B (47.3%, 53/112). Compared with the patients before FA‐RP was available, patients who underwent FA‐RP testing had higher rates of antiviral drug use and antibiotic de‐escalation during clinical treatment. FA‐RP significantly decreased the total DDDs of antibiotic or antifungal drugs DDDs by 7 days after admission (10.6 ± 2.5 vs 14.1 ± 8.8, P < .01).ConclusionsThe FA‐RP is a rapid and sensitive nucleic acid amplification test method for UP diagnosis in adults. The application of FA‐RP may lead to a more accurately targeted antimicrobial treatment and reduced use of antibiotic/antifungal drugs.
Factors associated with death in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Reppermund Simone , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Dean Kimberlie , Trollor Julian N 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) experience higher mortality than the general population. This study examines factors contributing to deaths in people with intellectual disability.MethodLinked administrative data spanning ten years for 49,947 people with intellectual disability receiving disability services were analysed to assess the impact of demographic variables, comorbidities and health service utilization on the risk of death using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsPeople admitted for cancer were 8 times more likely to die within the study period compared to people not admitted for cancer. Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and heart disease also increased the risk of death. Emergency department presentations and/or mental health admissions increased the risk of death 4 times.ConclusionsOur findings provide a basis for policy changes and public health interventions. Cancer screening, mental health interventions, inclusion of people with intellectual disability in health policy and improved health care are needed to meet the needs of this population.
The role of exposome in acne: results from an international patient survey
Authors: Dreno B. , Shourick J. , Kerob D. , Bouloc A. , Taïeb C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne severity and its response to treatment may be influenced by internal and external factors: the exposome.ObjectivesThe aim of this international real‐life survey was to assess the most involved exposome factors in acne.MethodsEleven thousand individuals, aged between 15 and 39 years, with clinically confirmed acne or without acne, defined by age, gender and prevalence, were invited to participate in an Internet survey of 63 questions in order to assess the frequency of identified acne exposome factors.ResultsData from 6679 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis purposes: 2826 from the acne group and 3853 from the control group. Nibbling, consumption of dairy products, sweets, alcohol or whey proteins, as well as exposure to pollution, stress, certain mechanical factors and humid or hot weather or sun exposure, were significantly (all P ≤ 0.05) more frequently reported for the acne group than for the control group. This was not the case for tobacco consumption. Data regarding the impact of cannabis consumption were insufficient for drawing any conclusions.ConclusionsData from this international, anonymized Internet questionnaire conducted with more than almost 6700 participants add new arguments to assumptions made that certain exposome factors have an impact on acne. Nutrition, pollution, stress and harsh skincare, as well as climate and sun exposure may be considered the most frequent factors related to acne.
Cutaneous metastases from solid neoplasms in the 21st century: a retrospective study from a Portuguese tertiary care center
Authors: Queirós C.S. , Filipe P.L. , Soares de Almeida L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionCutaneous metastases account for 2% of all skin cancers and are usually associated with widespread disease. The main of this retrospective study was to describe and illustrate clinicopathological features of cutaneous metastases diagnosed in our centre since the beginning of this century.MethodsAll cases of cutaneous metastases from solid neoplasms diagnosed in our Dermatopathology Department from January 2000 to December 2018 were included. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.ResultsA total of 164 patients were included, with a female to male ratio of 3:2. Malignancies that most commonly metastasized to the skin were melanoma (N = 58), breast cancer (N = 54) and lung cancer (N = 13). Immunohistochemical study was performed in 99 patients (60.4%). Time diagnosis of the primary tumour and appearance of cutaneous metastases was significantly higher in breast cancer, followed by melanoma and then by lung cancer (P < 0.05). Median survival after diagnosis of cutaneous metastases was 8 months. Survival after diagnosis of cutaneous metastases was also influenced by age of the patient, both at diagnosis of the primary tumour and at diagnosis of the cutaneous metastasis.DiscussionClinical presentation of cutaneous metastases is highly variable and non‐specific, being easily mistaken for other dermatological conditions. Histopathological examination is essential in this setting, and the judicious use of an immunohistochemistry panel considered the appropriate morphologic and clinical context. Survival after the diagnosis of cutaneous metastases is influenced not only by the location of the tumour but also by the age of the patient. Dermatologists should therefore be to these clinical pictures, and a high degree of suspicion is, along with a careful clinical history and physical examination. Although being limited by its retrospective nature, we describe one of the largest European series of cutaneous metastases, with findings with most of the available literature.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of the multiple manifestations of psoriatic disease
Authors: Reich K. , Warren R.B. , Coates L.C. , Di Comite G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPsoriatic disease is a multifaceted disorder, which develops in the skin, its appendages and joints. Though characterized by different pathogenic background and clinical manifestations, skin plaque psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are related, sharing key inflammatory mechanisms and hence mode of management. Secukinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds and neutralizes interleukin‐17A. It has been approved for use as a subcutaneous injection for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe PsO, PsA and AS. The current review highlights the long‐term efficacy and safety profile of secukinumab in the treatment of plaque psoriasis and its multiple manifestations from its phase 3 clinical trial programme. The long‐term extension of pivotal trials has shown sustainable efficacy and safety of secukinumab up to 5 years in PsO, PsA and AS and up to 2.5 years in moderate‐to‐severe nail and palmoplantar PsO through dedicated randomized controlled trials. The effect of secukinumab therapy in all these indications has corresponding effects on improvement in quality‐of‐life and daily activities. Overall, secukinumab is an effective and safe treatment choice for patients suffering from psoriatic disease in its multiple clinical variants.
Low‐dose rectal diclofenac does not prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis in low‐ or high‐risk patients
Authors: Katoh Takao , Kawashima Kousaku , Fukuba Nobuhiko , Masuda Shigeto , Kobatake Hiroko , Masaki Kousaku , Araki Yasuhiro , Kawano Koichiro , Nishi Katsuhisa , Takenaka Mamoru , Ishihara Shunji , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe most common adverse event following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure is post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Rectal nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration has shown promise to reduce the risk of PEP in high‐risk patients. However, in contrast to high‐risk patients, the role of NSAID administration in patients with low risk remains controversial.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single‐center, single‐blinded, two‐arm parallel group, randomized controlled trial to clarify the efficacy of low dose (50 mg) rectal NSAID administration for preventing PEP in at‐risk patients. Patients scheduled to undergo ERCP were randomized into two groups, those with and without rectal administration of diclofenac. Patients in the diclofenac group received 50 mg of rectal diclofenac 30 min before undergoing ERCP. The primary endpoint was rate of PEP.ResultsA total of 303 were randomized into the study groups. Four patients declined participation following randomization, and another two were withdrawn. As a result, a total of 147 patients were assigned to the diclofenac group and 150 to the control group. The baseline and procedural characteristics were similar in both groups. The primary endpoint of PEP occurrence was seen in 13 of 297 patients (4.4%), including eight (5.4%) in the diclofenac group and five (3.3%) in the control group (P = 0.286). Additionally, those results were not significantly different when patients were classified as low or high risk.ConclusionsProphylactic low‐dose rectal diclofenac did not reduce the incidence of PEP following ERCP in patients classified as low or high risk.