bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indexing Early Visual Memory Durability in Infancy
Authors: Sanders Andrew J. , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: August 2020

The goal was to examine the scope and development of early visual memory durability. We investigated individual‐ and age‐related differences across three unique tasks in 6‐ to 12‐month‐olds (Mage = 8.87, N = 49) by examining the effect of increased delay on memory performance. Results suggest longer‐term memory processes are quantifiable by 8 months using a modified Change Detection paradigm and spatial‐attention cueing processes are quantifiable by 10 months using a modified Delayed Response paradigm, utilizing 500–1,250 ms delays. Performance improved from 6 to 12 months and longer delays impaired performance. We found no evidence for success on the Delayed Match Retrieval task at any age. These outcomes help inform our understanding of infant visual memory durability and its emergence throughout early development.
Effect of monoclonal antibody drug therapy on mucosal biomarkers in airway disease: A systematic review
Authors: Walter Sophie , Ho Jacqueline , Alvarado Raquel , Rimmer Janet , Campbell Raewyn , Kalish Larry , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibody therapies have a growing role in treating refractory airway disease.ObjectiveThe review aimed to summarize the response of respiratory mucosa to monoclonal antibody treatments in inflammatory airway conditions.DesignWe conducted a systematic review including risk of bias assessment.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 16 November 2019 were searched.Eligibility criteriaEligible studies assessed the immunological and histological response of airway mucosa to monoclonal antibody therapy compared with baseline or a comparison group in patients with respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis). Any prospective interventional studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single‐arm trials, were eligible.ResultsThere were 4195 articles screened, and full‐text analysis produced n = 11 studies with extractable data. Nine were RCTs, and two were single‐arm trials. These studies focused on asthma (n = 9 articles), chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 1) and allergic rhinitis (n = 1). Five monoclonal antibody drugs were assessed (omalizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab, benralizumab and tralokinumab). Risk of bias was low (n = 6) or unclear (n = 3) in the RCTs and moderate in the single‐arm trials. Omalizumab reduced the mucosal concentration of its target, IgE. Dupilumab reduced the concentration of one of its targets, IL‐13, but not IL‐4. Omalizumab, mepolizumab and benralizumab reduced tissue eosinophil cell density. Dupilumab decreased mucosal eosinophil granule proteins. Tralokinumab did not affect airway mucosa.ConclusionsKnowledge of the expected biological response of monoclonal antibody therapy on biomarkers in disease tissue provides an important supplement to data about clinical outcomes. An understanding of the biological effect is essential to identify likely responders, reasons for treatment failure and necessary adjustments to monoclonal antibody treatment. Further investigation into the effect of monoclonal antibody therapy on disease mucosa and more precise endotyping are required to move closer to achieving personalized medicine.
Characterization of circulating immune cells in acute Kawasaki disease suggests exposure to different antigens
Authors: Burns J C , Hsieh L E , Kumar J , Behnamfar N , Shimizu C , Sivilay N , Tremoulet A H , Franco A 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis of unknown etiology that can cause coronary artery aneurysms, and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. We studied aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response in 17 acute KD children prior to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Distinct patterns within the innate immune response correlated with specific clinical features. Proinflammatory myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) were abundant in four of 17 (23·5%) subjects who were older and manifested severe inflammation with clinical myocarditis and elevated hepatobiliary enzyme levels. Of the nine subjects with low levels of anti-inflammatory, tolerogenic mDC, six had enlarged cervical lymph nodes at diagnosis. In contrast, the adaptive immune repertoire varied greatly with no discernible patterns or associations with clinical features. Two subjects with aneurysms had numerous circulating CD8+ T cells. Ten subjects showed low CD4+ T cell numbers and seven subjects had CD4+ T cells in the normal range. CD4+ T cells expressed interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R), suggesting repeated antigenic stimulation. Thymic-derived regulatory T cells (nTreg) and peripherally induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) were also enumerated, with the majority having the nTreg phenotype. Natural killer (NK) and NK T cell numbers were similar across all subjects. Taken together, the results of the immune monitoring suggest that KD may have multiple triggers that stimulate different arms of the innate and adaptive compartment in KD patients. Thus, it is possible that diverse antigens may participate in the pathogenesis of KD.
Normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism: An update on diagnostic and management challenges
Authors: Dawood Nardeen B. , Yan Kimberly L. , Shieh Albert , Livhits Masha J. , Yeh Michael W. , Leung Angela M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNormocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition that can present with intermittent hypercalcemia or may evolve into hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. This milder biochemical entity remains incompletely understood because of a lack of long‐term health outcomes regarding both medical and surgical approaches to its management. Medical therapies have shown some efficacy. A limited number of studies have found that bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density, and calcimimetics may decrease the risk of nephrolithiasis in patients with normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Studies have also described patient outcomes after applying the same surgical criteria used for patients with hypercalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism to those with the normocalcaemic form of the disease. These studies suggest that parathyroid surgery appears to be effective in normalizing elevated serum parathyroid hormone concentrations and decreasing adverse renal and skeletal outcomes in patients with normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism. Given the available data and overall lack of consensus regarding the optimal management of these patients, a reasonable approach is to tailor treatment to the individual patient by considering their risk factors for new or accelerated bone loss, kidney stones, diminished quality of life, and cardiovascular disease.
The predictive value of coexisting BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations on poor outcomes and high tumour aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Bojie , Shi Yuan , Xu Yanan , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBRAFV600E mutation is highly prevalent in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation is strongly associated with cancer‐related mortality. However, predictive power of the two mutations remains inconclusive. We aimed to verify the prognostic effects of both mutations to assess the value of mutation detection for risk stratification in terms of PTC prognosis and tumour invasion, to guide PTC diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a literature search in the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL (Cochrane library) databases, from inception to February 2020. Basic characteristics, prognoses and clinicopathological features were collected from the included studies for further analysis. Twelve studies involving 4184 PTC patients were enrolled in our analysis. In total, 2412 (57.6%) of the patients carried either BRAFV600E or TERTp mutation, and 290 (6.9%) patients had both mutations. TERTp mutation was more common in patients with BRAFV600E mutation (RR = 1.75 [95% CI 1.44‐2.13]). Patients with both mutations had a worse prognosis compared with those with a single mutation (vs BRAFV600E only: RR = 5.34 [4.20‐6.78] vs TERTp only: RR = 2.12 [1.41‐3.19]). TERTp mutation alone independently increased the risk of a poor prognosis (RR = 2.90 [1.93‐4.35]) in terms of mortality (RR = 15.09 [7.75‐29.37]), disease persistence (RR = 4.00 [2.03‐7.90]), recurrence (RR = 4.34 [4.20‐6.78]), lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.57 [1.24‐1.99]) and distant metastasis (RR = 2.94 [1.13‐7.65]). We found that PTC patients with BRAFV600E mutation were more likely to have TERTp mutation. TERTp mutation was an independent predictive factor for poor prognosis of PTC patients, but the predictive value of BRAFV600E mutation remains inconclusive. Patients with both mutations have remarkably higher risks of adverse outcomes compared with those with a single mutation. PTC patients could benefit from mutation detection for aiding risk stratification (BRAF + TERT+ > BRAF − TERT+ > BRAF + TERT−).
Artistic Topologies: New Social Formations and Political Change in an Emerging Ammani Art World
Authors: McLaughlin‐Alcock Colin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs an Ammani café became a popular hangout for artists, artists’ social practices were reshaped by the spatial affordances of the café. This paper examines the ways that relationships between artists changed through this spatial rearrangement, exploring the political consequences of those changes. It compares three successive, distinct topologies of social practice within Jordanian art, including a dispersed practice of visitation between artists, a concentrated practice of café sociality, and a third practice spread across an emerging artistic neighborhood. It shows how each spatialization affects power relations within the art scene along lines of class, geography, and gender, and also transforms artistic productivity. Showing how spatial rearrangements transform the political conditions of Amman’s art scene, this paper highlights a fluid and contingent urban politics where the stakes of inclusion and action are perpetually changing.
Management of new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic ‐ BRS Consensus Guidelines
Authors: Hopkins Claire , Alanin Mikkel , Philpott Carl , Harries Phil , Whitcroft Katherine , Qureishi Ali , Anari Shahram , Ramakrishnan Yujay , Sama Anshul , Davies Elgan , Stew Ben , Gane Simon , Carrie Sean , Hathorn Iain , Bhalla Raj , Kelly Chrissi , Hill Nina , Boak Duncan , Nirmal Kumar B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the investigation and management of patients with new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignAfter undertaking a literature review, we used the RAND/UCLA methodology with a multi‐step process to reach consensus about treatment options, onward referral, and imaging.Setting and participantsAn expert panel consisting of 15 members was assembled. A literature review was undertaken prior to the study and evidence was summarised for the panellists.Main outcome measuresThe panel undertook a process of ranking and classifying appropriateness of different investigations and treatment options for new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a 9‐point Likert scale, panellists scored whether a treatment was: Not recommended, optional, or recommended. Consensus was achieved when more than 70% of responses fell into the category defined by the mean.ResultsConsensus was reached on the majority of statements after 2 rounds of ranking. Disagreement meant no recommendation was made regarding one treatment, using Vitamin A drops. Alpha‐lipoic acid was not recommended, olfactory training was recommended for all patients with persistent loss of sense of smell of more than 2 weeks duration, and oral steroids, steroid rinses, and omega 3 supplements may be considered on an individual basis. Recommendations regarding the need for referral and investigation have been made.ConclusionThis study identified the appropriateness of olfactory training, different medical treatment options, referral guidelines and imaging for patients with COVID‐19‐related loss of sense of smell. The guideline may evolve as our experience of COVID‐19 develops.
Obesity: A critical risk factor in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kwok See , Adam Safwaan , Ho Jan Hoong , Iqbal Zohaib , Turkington Peter , Razvi Salman , Le Roux Carel W. , Soran Handrean , Syed Akheel A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryObesity is an emerging independent risk factor for susceptibility to and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Previous viral pandemics have shown that obesity, particularly severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2), is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, critical care admission and fatalities. In this narrative review, we examine emerging evidence of the influence of obesity on COVID‐19, the challenges to clinical management from pulmonary, endocrine and immune dysfunctions in individuals with obesity and identify potential areas for further research. We recommend that people with severe obesity be deemed a vulnerable group for COVID‐19; clinical trials of pharmacotherapeutics, immunotherapies and vaccination should prioritize inclusion of people with obesity.
Visceral fat in different locations assessed by ultrasound: Correlation with computed tomography and cut‐off values in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Pimanov Sergey , Bondarenko Vladimir , Makarenko Elena 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ultrasound measurements of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in different locations and visceral fat area parameters estimated by computed tomography (CT), as well as to determine the cut‐off values of ultrasound measurements in patients with metabolic syndrome and in normal controls. Altogether, 304 patients aged 18 to 65 years were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound measurements of visceral fat volume were performed using a number of already described techniques. The correlations of ultrasound indices of VAT and СТ (104 patients) ranged from 0.420 to 0.726. For the most effective diagnostic VAT ultrasound indices, the cut‐off values in metabolic syndrome were (200 patients): 21.12 cm2for the inferior part of perirenal fat (AUC = 0.983); and 47.00, 61.3 and 72.7 mm for the distance between the internal surface of the rectus abdominis muscle and the anterior wall of the aorta, the posterior wall of the aorta and the lumbar vertebra (AUC = 0.960, 0.966, 0.968, respectively). Ultrasound VAT measurements highly correlated with CT results. Cut‐off VAT values, determined by ultrasound for the patients with metabolic syndrome, yielded good diagnostic operational characteristics.
Increased incidence and recurrence rates of acute diverticulitis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hsu S.‐M. , Lin H.‐J. , Lin M.‐C. , Huang S.‐T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAcute diverticulitis (AD) is commonly diagnosed in outpatient and emergency departments and is associated with severe complications such as perforation and fistula. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhoea, are also common with AD. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of a possible association between IBS and AD.MethodThis retrospective study analysed records from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and involved a total of 25 810 patients, including 12 905 IBS patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. The IBS and non‐IBS cohorts were matched by propensity score for age, gender, comorbidities and medication, then compared for confounding variables by the chi‐square test or Student's t‐test. The association between AD and IBS was determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Kaplan–Meier curves assessed the cumulative incidence of AD in IBS patients.ResultsThe overall incidence of AD was 3.95‐fold higher in the IBS cohort than in the non‐IBS cohort (63.34 vs 16.02 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively) and IBS was an independent risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of AD in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted hazards ratio (aHR = 3.84, 95% CI = 2.29–6.44, P < 0.001) and Kaplan–Meier (log‐rank test, P < 0.001) analysis. IBS was also associated with a high recurrence rate of AD (aHR = 8.30, 95% CI = 1.07–64.30, P = 0.04).ConclusionThe epidemiological evidence in this study demonstrates that patients with IBS are associated with a higher incidence of AD and also its recurrence.
A clinical support system for classification and prediction of depression using machine learning methods
Authors: Benfares Chaymae , Akhrif Ouidad , El Idrissi Younès El Bouzekri , Hamid Karim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe health sector collects a very large amount of data, hence the diagnostic process processes a very large and varied amount of data type which makes the process of analyzing these data very complicated, specifically the healthcare sector, mental health is very composed and varied by various data criteria. However, the forecast of health in modern life becomes very important. To this end, the proposed work aims to analyze patient data based on their represented symptoms, in order to help clinicians and mental health practitioners classify and refine the type of depression disorder “characterized” in patients intelligently, in order to make a relevant decision. In this context, the proposed system called CP‐DDC is based on machine learning algorithms supervised more precisely by the random‐forest algorithm. The dataset used in the case study contains 150 instances and 11 attributes, which define the different patient criteria, obtained from the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center of Marrakech “CHU.” The results of the experiment show that the proposed system offers the highest performance.
Sex differences in the association between PTSD symptoms with cardiac autonomic function and subclinical atherosclerotic risk
Authors: Holmstrup Michael E. , Jensen Brock T. , Glasgow Alaina C. , Heffernan Kevin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a public health concern that may elevate the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are established sex differences in both PTSD risk and CVD risk.PurposeTo examine sex‐specific associations between subclinical PTSD symptom severity and subclinical CVD risk in young men and women.MethodsA total of 61 young adults (women: n = 29, mean age: 26 ± 7 years) completed the post‐traumatic stress disorder civilian checklist (PCL) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Aortic stiffness was measured as carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Peripheral vasomotor function was measured as flow‐mediated slowing (FMS) of carotid‐radial PWV following 5‐min forearm occlusion. Heart rate variability was used to assess sympathovagal balance as LF/HF ratio.ResultsPCL score was positively correlated with CES‐D score (r = 0.79, p < .001), cfPWV (r = 0.33, p = .03) and LF/HF ratio (r = 0.42, p = .009) in men. PCL score was positively correlated to CES‐D score (r = 0.80, p < .001) in women, but was inversely correlated to cfPWV (r = −0.38, p = .02) and LF/HF ratio (r = −0.34, p = .04). PCL score was also inversely associated with FMS in women (r = −0.49, p = .01).ConclusionThere are sex differences in the association of PTSD symptoms and subclinical atherosclerosis. In men, increased PTSD symptoms may increase CVD risk by increasing sympathovagal balance and aortic stiffness. In women, increased PTSD symptoms may increase CVD risk via reducing vasomotor function.
Higher risk of urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients receiving pentamidine versus trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) for Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis
Authors: Fu Whitney , Barahona Maria , Harkness Taylor , Cohen Elizabeth , Reardon David , Yoo Peter S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious complications among renal transplant patients. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is routinely used as first‐line prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and other opportunistic infections including UTI. Aerosolized pentamidine is an alternate agent used for PCP prophylaxis; however, it does not provide coverage against uropathogens. This is a retrospective study of 81 renal transplant recipients who received TMP‐SMX or aerosolized pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis at our center over 1 year. Survival analysis demonstrated increased cumulative incidence of UTI among patients receiving pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis compared to those receiving TMP‐SMX (log‐rank test P < .001). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed pentamidine prophylaxis (HR 3.740; 95% CI 1.745‐8.016; P = .001) and female sex (HR 4.025; 95% CI 1.770‐9.154; P = .001) to independently increase UTI risk. Age, induction agent, graft type, diabetes, and delayed graft function (DGF) were not associated with increased risk. This study concludes that the use of pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis compared to TMP‐SMX is associated with increased risk of UTI. Secondary UTI prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are unable to tolerate TMP‐SMX and who have other risk factors for UTI; however, the efficacy of this has not been studied.
A simple risk‐based reimbursement system for kidney transplant
Authors: Schwantes Issac R. , Schnitzler Mark A. , Lentine Krista L. , Balakrishnan Ramji , Reed Alan I. , Axelrod David A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransplant centers were challenged by the Executive Order on Advancing Kidney health to increase access to kidney transplant (KTx) by accepting higher risk patients and organs. However, Medicare reimbursement for KTx does not include adjustment for major complicating comorbidities (MCCs) like other transplants. The prevalence of MCCs was assessed for KTx performed from 10/15 to 10/19 at a single academic center, using Medicare ICD10 MCC criteria exclusive of end‐stage kidney disease. KTx hospital resource utilization and estimated margin, assuming Medicare reimbursement, were determined for cases with and without MCC. Among 260 KTx recipients, 49 (19%) had an MCC. Patients with MCCs had longer wait times (1121 days vs 703 days, P < .001); however, there were no differences in age, gender, race, or diagnosis. Donor characteristics associated with an MCC included greater cold ischemic time (1042 vs 670 minutes, P < .001) and fewer living donor KTx (9% vs 32%, P < .001). KTx cost, exclusive of organ acquisition, was 31% higher (MCC: $38 293 vs No MCC: $29 132) and estimated margin was markedly lower (‐$7750 vs ‐$1001, P = .001). In conclusion, KTx with qualifying MCCs resulted in significant financial losses and modification of KTx payment methodology to align with other organ transplants is needed.