bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice patterns and recommendations for pediatric image‐guided radiotherapy: A Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Hua Chia‐ho , Vern‐Gross Tamara Z. , Hess Clayton B. , Olch Arthur J. , Alaei Parham , Sathiaseelan Vythialingam , Deng Jun , Ulin Kenneth , Laurie Fran , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Esiashvili Natia , Wolden Suzanne L. , Krasin Matthew J. , Merchant Thomas E , Donaldson Sarah S. , FitzGerald Thomas J. , Constine Louis S. , Hodgson David C. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne A. , Mahajan Anita , Laack Nadia N. , Marcus Karen J. , Taylor Paige A. , Ahern Verity A. , Followill David S. , Buchsbaum Jeffrey C. , Breneman John C. , Kalapurakal John A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis report by the Radiation Oncology Discipline of Children's Oncology Group (COG) describes the practice patterns of pediatric image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) based on a member survey and provides practice recommendations accordingly. The survey comprised of 11 vignettes asking clinicians about their recommended treatment modalities, IGRT preferences, and frequency of in‐room verification. Technical questions asked physicists about imaging protocols, dose reduction, setup correction, and adaptive therapy. In this report, the COG Radiation Oncology Discipline provides an IGRT modality/frequency decision tree and the expert guidelines for the practice of ionizing image guidance in pediatric radiotherapy patients.
Stress induced dynamic adjustment of conserved miR164:NAC module
Authors: Hernandez Yuniet , Goswami Kavita , Sanan‐Mishra Neeti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims, including the rationaleSalinity and drought are the two major stresses limiting the productivity of economically important crops such asGlycine max(soybean). The incidence of these stresses during the pod development stages affects the quality and quantity of seeds, which compromise the yield of soybean. The miR164:NACmodule has been shown to play a critical role in regulating the response to salt and drought stress in several plant species. However, biological role of miR164:NACmodule in salt stress in soybean is not fully understood.MethodsIn this study, we identified 215 salt responsive miRNAs, using miScript miRNA array with a sensitive and a tolerant soybean genotype, William82 and INCASoy36, respectively. The targets of these salt regulated miRNAs were searched in the degradome datasets.Key resultsIt was found that four salt stress deregulated miRNAs targeted theNACtranscription factor and among these miR164k and miR408d showed antagonistic expression in the two soybean genotypes. The expression of miR164k was higher in salt tolerant INCASoy36 as compared to salt sensitive William82, under unstressed conditions. However under salt stress, miR164k was downregulated in INCASoy36 (−2.65 fold), whereas it was upregulated in William82 (4.68 fold). A transient co‐expression assay validated that gma‐miR164k directs the cleavage of GmNAC1 transcript. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the regulation of NAC transcription factor family by members of miR164 family is conserved across many species. The dynamic expression profiles of miR164 and NAC‐TFs were captured in different tissues of rice, tobacco, and two soybean genotypes under drought and salt stress conditions.Main conclusionCollectively, our results suggest that genetically determined dynamic modulation of the conserved miR164:NAC‐TFmodule may play an important role in determining the adaptive response of plants to stress.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet powered by piezoelectric direct discharge
Authors: Korzec Dariusz , Hoppenthaler Florian , Burger Dominik , Andres Thomas , Nettesheim Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe piezoelectric direct discharge sustained using a high‐performance piezoelectric transformer (PT) with a voltage transformation ratio of >1,000 was used for the generation of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The ionization gases used are ambient air and compressed dry air. The APPJ was characterized using capacitive probe measurement, ozone concentration measurement, and activation area determination. The activation experiments were conducted on a high‐density polyethylene. The activation area was visualized using pure formamide test ink (58 mN/m) and captured by a digital camera. The influence of gas flow, PT power, and the distance between the PT and the substrate were investigated.
The benefits of mechanical insufflator‐exsufflator compared to autogenic drainage in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Helper Nir , Kodesh Einat , Sokol Gil , Hakimi Ran , Vilozni Daphna , Efrati Ori 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutogenic drainage (AD) is used for airway clearance in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mechanical insufflator‐exsufflator (MI‐E) device is commonly used in patients with neuromuscular diseases for airway clearance by increasing inspiratory volume and expiratory flow. MI‐E use has not been studied extensively in CF patients.ObjectivesTo examine whether there are advantages to using the MI‐E device in patients with CF.SubjectsFourteen males and eight females from the national center for CF, with an average FEV1 of 54% were recruitedDesignProspective cross‐over trial (IRB 3009‐16‐SMC).InterventionSubjects received either AD or MI‐E in a random order. Sputum was collected and weighed immediately after treatment. Subjects performed lung function tests at baseline, 20 minutes after and 1 hour after treatment; additionally, a 2‐minute walk test was performed at the end of all lung function tests. Saturation, dyspnea scores while resting and after a 2‐minute walk and subjective fatigue were recorded.ResultsThirty‐six percent more sputum was collected following MI‐E than AD treatment (P < .0001). A significant difference in saturation in response to the 2MWT was noted in both treatments significantly less desaturation was recorded after the 2MWT in the MI‐E treatment (P < .01).ConclusionsTreatment with the MI‐E was more effective for clearing sputum in CF subjects, initial evidence suggests that the MI‐E may be successfully incorporated into treatment protocols. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term benefits of MI‐E in patients with CF.
In vitro metabolic profile and drug‐drug interaction assessment of secnidazole, a high‐dose 5‐nitroimidazole antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Pentikis Helen S. , Adetoro Nikki , Kaufman Gregory 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA single‐dose oral granule formulation of secnidazole 2 g (SOLOSEC™) has been approved in the US as a treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Available data on the likelihood of in vitro drug‐drug and alcohol‐drug interactions are limited. Secnidazole was incubated with cultured human hepatocytes over a range of concentrations (0‐10 000 μmol/L) to assess metabolic profiling. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition over a similar concentration range were evaluated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant enzymes using competition or time‐dependent inactivation assays. Secnidazole exhibited very low metabolism in HLMs at concentrations up to 6400 µmol/L. Secnidazole was found to be metabolized to a limited extent predominantly by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 among a panel of cDNA‐expressed enzymes. Secnidazole inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 3873 and 3722 µmol/L, respectively. Secnidazole did not exhibit time‐dependent inhibition. There was no inhibition (IC50 value >5000 µmol/L) observed for any other CYP enzyme or with human recombinant aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). These results are the first reported observation of the metabolism and drug‐drug interaction profile for secnidazole and demonstrate that the agent has minimal to no potential drug interactions of concern.
Oviposition preference and adult performance of the whitefly predator Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): effect of leaf microstructure associated with ladybeetle attachment ability
Authors: Yao Feng‐Luan , Lin Shuo , Wang Li‐Xin , Mei Wen‐Juan , Monticelli Lucie S , Zheng Yu , Desneux Nicolas , He Yu‐Xian , Weng Qi‐Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe leaf surface microstructure can greatly influence predator feeding behavior. However, its effects on predator oviposition preference, which is crucial for arthropod fitness at the population level, are largely unknown. This study aimed to test leaf discs and plants of five common host plant species of Bemisia tabaci, including Chinese kale, cotton, cucumber, eggplant, and sweetpotato, to determine the oviposition preference and offspring and adult performance of the whitefly predator Serangium japonicum. Cannibalism risk, attachment force, microstructure of the abaxial leaf surface (ALS), and ladybeetle tarsal morphology were examined.RESULTSLadybeetle's oviposition preference had no correlation with offspring performance but positively correlated with fecundity. Further, oviposition preference to leaf discs and fecundity positively correlated with attachment force. The cannibalism risk was not significantly different between plant species. The ALS of Chinese kale and eggplant supported the smallest and the largest attachment forces, respectively. The first one had epicuticular wax crystals, whereas the latter had stellate trichomes. The ALS of cotton and sweetpotato did not bear wax crystals or long trichomes. Cucumber leaves were covered with tapered trichomes. Tenant setae on the distal second tarsomere and a pair of curved, tapered claws on the distal fourth tarsomere were the attachment structures of S. japonicum, which interacted with the plant surface structures and generated the attachment force.CONCLUSIONPlant morphological traits, associated with ladybeetle attachment force and adult performance might be key factors in ladybeetle oviposition preference, and are expected to occur in other host plant herbivore–predator systems.
Origin of Suppression of Proximity‐Induced Superconductivity in Bi/Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Heterostructures
Authors: Kundu Asish K. , Wu Ze‐Bin , Drozdov Ilya , Gu Genda , Valla Tonica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMixing of topological states with superconductivity could result in topological superconductivity with the elusive Majorana fermions potentially applicable in fault‐tolerant quantum computing. One possible candidate considered for realization of topological superconductivity is thin bismuth films on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O (Bi2212). Here, angle‐resolved and core‐level photoemission spectroscopy studies of thin Bi films grown in‐situ on as‐grown Bi2212 showing the absence of proximity effect are presented. It is found that the electron transfer from the film to the substrate and the resulting severe underdoping of Bi2212 at the interface is a likely origin for the absence of proximity effect. A possible way of preventing a total loss of proximity effect in this system is also proposed. These results offer a better and more universal understanding of the film/cuprate interface and resolve many issues related to the proximity effect.
Impact of a hydroelectric power plant on migratory fishes in the Uruguay River
Authors: Cataldo Daniel , Gattás Florencia , Leites Valentín , Bordet Facundo , Paolucci Esteban 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDams alter river functioning and hinders the free movement of migratory fishes. We analysed the effects of a subtropical dam on the reproduction of migratory fishes using data from ichthyoplankton monitoring surveys. These were conducted at six sampling stations upstream, downstream and within the reservoir on a weekly basis during 6 years. The dam had a direct impact on fish movement, leading to the fragmentation of fish populations. Two different and independent reproductive areas became evident: one located in the reservoir headwater area and the other downstream of the dam. The long temporal scale of our study facilitated the detection of the impact of Salto Grande on the species of ichthyoplankton. Freshwater secondary fish species (mainly Lycengraulis grossidens) increased in abundance in the stations located inside the reservoir and closer to the dam, whereas most fishes found in the headwater of the reservoir corresponded to river migratory species (potamodromous fish). These differences are most likely due to changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the water induced by the transformation of a river into a reservoir. During rainy summers, Microcystis spp. densities were lower than 1,000 cells ml−1 and fish densities were higher than 4 ind. m−3, whereas in dry summers, there were important Microcystis spp. blooms (401,573 ± 112,559 cells ml−1) and fish larvae decreased sharply (<1 ind. m−3) in the reservoir headwater area. This could indicate that the discharge of water in the reservoir may also indirectly affect the regulation of fish reproduction. The alternating periods between dry and rainy summers associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation poses a challenge to ichthyofauna management in the reservoir.
Social behaviour of European grayling before and after flow peaks in restored and unrestored habitats
Authors: Watz Johan , Aldvén David , Brouziotis Antonis Apostolos , Carlsson Niclas , Karathanou Eirini , Lund‐Bjørnås Kristine , Lundqvist Gustav , Österling Martin , Piccolo John J. , Calles Olle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCost‐effective implementation of fish‐friendly hydropower flow operation and habitat restoration measures require an understanding of their effects on fitness‐related behaviours of stream fish. Here, we investigated how changes in flow and bottom structure influence the social behaviour of European grayling, using large experimental flumes (700 L s−1), with and without added boulders (i.e., restored and unrestored habitat). Grayling increased their distance to nearest neighbour at the start of flow ramping up and after a flow peak compared to stable base flow. At the start of ramping up the flow, grayling made less position changes (movements >1 m) than at stable base flow and after a flow peak. In the unrestored habitat, the proportion of time grayling spent actively swimming was lower before a flow peak than it was both at the start of ramping up the flow and after the peak, an effect not found in the restored habitat. In addition, we compared two static flows, and habitat restoration mediated their effect on distance to nearest neighbour. Grayling in the restored habitat were positioned closer to each other in the low (~10 cm s−1) than in the intermediate static flow (~40 cm s−1), whereas in the unrestored habitat, grayling showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, grayling reduced their number of position changes in the intermediate static flow, which was reflected by a reduction in active swimming. Stomach analysis after the trials revealed that foraging success was higher in variable than in the stable flow treatment. These results show that flow magnitude, flow changes and instream structure play important roles in the behaviour of stream fishes.
European environment policy for the circular economy: Implications for business and industry stakeholders
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) institutions and agencies are increasingly raising awareness on the circular economy agenda. They are encouraging marketplace stakeholders to engage in sustainable production and consumption behaviors by reducing, reusing, restoring, refurbishing, and recycling resources in all stages of their value chain. Therefore, this research evaluates the latest European environmental policies including its “new circular economy plans for a cleaner and more competitive Europe.” Afterwards, it presents a systematic literature review that is focused on the circular economy in the EU context. The findings suggest that there are a number of opportunities as well as challenges for the successful planning, organization, implementation, and measurement of circular economy practices for sustainable supply chains in Europe. This contribution identifies key implications and provides reasonable recommendations to policy makers and industry practitioners.
Calcifiers can Adjust Shell Building at the Nanoscale to Resist Ocean Acidification
Authors: Leung Jonathan Y. S. , Chen Yujie , Nagelkerken Ivan , Zhang Sam , Xie Zonghan , Connell Sean D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOcean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers based on laboratory studies showing that increased seawater acidity weakens their ability to build calcareous shells needed for growth and protection. In the natural environment, however, the effects of ocean acidification are subject to ecological and evolutionary processes that may allow calcifiers to buffer or reverse these short‐term negative effects through adaptive mechanisms. Using marine snails inhabiting a naturally CO2‐enriched environment over multiple generations, it is discovered herein that they build more durable shells (i.e., mechanically more resilient) by adjusting the building blocks of their shells (i.e., calcium carbonate crystals), such as atomic rearrangement to reduce nanotwin thickness and increased incorporation of organic matter. However, these adaptive adjustments to future levels of ocean acidification (year 2100) are eroded at extreme CO2 concentrations, leading to construction of more fragile shells. The discovery of adaptive mechanisms of shell building at the nanoscale provides a new perspective on why some calcifiers may thrive and others collapse in acidifying oceans, and highlights the inherent adaptability that some species possess in adjusting to human‐caused environmental change.
Multiscale Hierarchically Engineered Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Covalent Organic Framework for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Qing , Li Qian , Guo Yu , Luo Dan , Qian Jing , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious research on potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) indicates that promising carbon anode materials should have several carefully crafted features across different length scales including uniform heteroatom doping at atomic scale, proper carbon interspacing at sub‐nanoscale, and hierarchical pore system with pore size spanning from nano‐ to macro‐scale. However, it remains a grand challenge to construct a carbon material that possesses all the features. Here, this paper reports an attractive strategy of converting ordered mesoporous covalent organic framework (COF) via guest dopant inclusions and high‐temperature COF–guest interactions into carbon nanosheets with multilevel hierarchy. The as‐prepared carbon material exhibits homogeneous co‐doping of nitrogen and phosphorus, a large carbon layer interspacing of ≈0.4 nm, and rich micro/meso/macro‐pores. The assembled PIB anode delivers a high reversible potassium capacity of 404 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, as well as excellent long‐term stability by maintaining a capacity of 179 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 over 2000 cycles, placing it in the rank of best‐performing carbon anodes for PIBs. This work demonstrates the intriguing power of COF–guest chemistry in hierarchically engineering carbon structures.
In Situ Studies of Solvent Additive Effects on the Morphology Development during Printing of Bulk Heterojunction Films for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Dan , Grott Sebastian , Jiang Xinyu , Wienhold Kerstin S. , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of polymer morphology and crystallinity of printed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films doped with the different solvent additives 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) or diphenyl ether (DPE) is investigated with in situ grazing‐incidence small/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The solvent additives, having different boiling points, lead to a different film drying behavior and morphology growth states in the BHJ films of the benzothiadiazole‐based polymer (PPDT2FBT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The phase demixing in the printed films is changing over time along with solvent evaporation. Polymer domains start aggregating to form larger domains in the liquid–liquid phase, while phase separation mainly occurs in the liquid–solid phase. The present work provides a profound insight into the morphology development of printed BHJ films doped with different solvent additives, which is particularly important for the large‐scale fabrication of organic photovoltaics.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Nickel‐Oxide Films for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Hasan A. K. Mahmud , Qarony Wayesh , Shahiduzzaman Md. , Islam M. A. , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu , Amin Nowshad , Knipp Dietmar , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEfficient hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for realizing efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, nickel‐oxide (NiOX) thin‐films are investigated as a potential HTL for PSCs. The NiOX films are prepared by electron‐beam physical vapor deposition at low temperatures. The crystalline properties and the work function are determined by X‐ray diffraction and photoelectric yield spectroscopy. The transmission and the complex refractive index of the films are determined by optical spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Furthermore, PSCs are fabricated and characterized. The short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of the PSC is limited by the optical loss due to the NiOx front contact. The optical losses of the front contact are quantified by optical simulations using finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, and a solar cell structure with improved light incoupling is designed. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of the solar cell are simulated by finite element method simulations. As a result, it is found that the optical losses can be reduced by 70%, and the light incoupling can be improved so that the JSC can be increased by up to 12%, allowing for the realization of PSCs with an energy conversion efficiency of 22%. Findings from the numerical simulations are compared with experimentally realized results.
Leadership within action research: Surfacing the collective nature of leadership
Authors: Piggot‐Irvine Eileen , Ferkins Lesley , Rowe Wendy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article shares specific leadership findings from the evaluative study of action research AR (ESAR). Few studies have examined the leadership dynamic within action research (AR), and fewer still across multiple projects. Leadership surfaced as a critical element in the ESAR as we sought to examine processes, outcomes and impacts of AR at a meta level. Evidence was collected from six AR case study projects via interviews, survey, goal attainment scaling and documentary analysis, followed by a survey issued to 195 projects internationally (174 responded), that is, all of the projects recruited and compiled in our ‘Directory’ at the beginning of the ESAR. The findings revealed that leadership was more collaborative than hierarchical though there was evidence that a single key person leading was pivotal to enhancing processes, outcomes and impacts of the AR projects. In this article, we offer new thinking about leadership elements that enhance AR as well as contribute to the growing conversation about shared, collective and relational approaches to leadership situated within AR systems.