bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Status in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease:
Authors: El Deek Bassem S. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives (background): Both sickle cell disease and vitamin D deficiency are common among Saudi population. The present work asses Parathyroid hormone/Vitamin D axis as well as bone dynamics in young Saudi adults with sickle cell disease.
Methods: A case-control study includes forty patients known to have sickle cell disease from the outpatient clinics of North Western Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk were randomly selected for the study. Another 120 healthy individuals were involved as control. Cases and control were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and radiologic and laboratory investigations.
Results: Bone image revealed diffuse osteopenia in 16 (40%) of the cases, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 6 (15%), code fish vertebral bodies in 6 (15%) and coarse trabecular pattern in 6 (15%). Laboratory investigations for patients revealed hypocalcemia in 18 (45%), secondary hyperparathyroidism in 24 (60%), non-detectable vitamin D in 30 (75%) and detectable but subnormal vitamin D in 10 (25%). The mean level for serum calcium in cases was significantly less than that for the control (p < 0.001). The mean level for serum intact parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in the patients than the control (p < 0.001). The mean serum level for the Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin was significantly lower in the studied cases than the control. For the serum bone, specific alkaline phosphatase the mean level was significantly higher in case than control (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency through a common finding it is more severe in patients with sickle cell disease with subsequent secondary hyperparathyroidism and frequent hypocalcemia.
Knowledge of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Saudi Community in Jeddah
Authors: Wali Siraj O. , Samargandi Osama A. , Abulaban Ahmad A. , El Deek Bassem S. , Mirdad Lujain H. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common and current health problem in Saudi Arabia. Public education and awareness are essential for the prevention of tuberculosis. This study aims at assessing the level of knowledge among people in Jeddah regarding this re-emerging disease.
Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administrated questionnaire-based study was conducted at three main shopping centers in Jeddah city, after pilot study testing. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the basic knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis which included demographic data, level of education, source and level of knowledge (basic facts) about pulmonary tuberculosis.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 436 recruited subjects; 256 (58.7%) females, age ranged between 12 and 72 (mean 28.54 years; SD ± 11.2); 165 (38.9%) were students and 154 (36.3%) were employees. The majority (73%) of candidates were relatively well educated or completed high school. 53.3% of the candidates assumed had sufficient knowledge regarding tuberculosis. 36% were unaware that lungs were the primary organ affected, over half (50.9%) denied it is an infectious disease, and almost half (47.4%) were unaware of effective treatment. The mean score of the level of knowledge for the whole group was 5.20 out of 11 (SD Â± 2.95); 39% scored less than 4. Females scored better than males, 5.55 and 4.69 out of 11, respectively with a p-value of 0.003.
Conclusion: The data showed that public awareness regarding pulmonary tuberculosis was below expectation. Essential information about the disease was lacking even among well-educated people, though female were found to be knowledgeable compared to males.
Determinants of Intensive Care Unit Transfer in Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of an Academic Hospital in Jeddah
Authors: AlAma Mohamed N. , Alghalayini Kamal W. , Alhejily Wesam A. , Abdulwahab Mohammed , Fallatah Hind I. , Jawa Hani A. , Qari Yousef A. , Bazarah Salem M. , Al Johaney Ahmed A. , Wali Siraj O. , Sanosi Ayman K. , Alshareef Aisha A. , Ayoub Omar A. , Alshehri Abdulraheem M. , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Alkhayyat Shadi S. , AbuSanad Atlal M. , Al Beladi Fatma I. , Fathalddin Omar A. , Alhozali Amani M. , Mosli Hala H. , Ghamri Khould A. , Binhasher Nawal N. , Alhozali Hanadi , Nabalawi Rana A. , Basheikh Mohammed A. , Al Aama Tareef Y. , Al Zaben Faten N. , Alsulami Fahad , AlKaaki Aroub A. , Jali Ibtisam M. , Bajunaid Nisreen F. , Bahlas Sami M. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to identify the proportion of patients who had clinical deterioration in the medical ward that required intensive care unit transfer and the factors associated with this transfer.
Methods: A retrospective study of all patients admitted to the medical wards of King Abdulaziz University Hospital between 2010 and 2013 was performed. The demographics, admitting department, diagnosis at the time of admission to the ward, and cause of intensive care unit transfer were collected. Patients at risk for deterioration and early intensive care unit transfer were identified using physiologic threshold criteria.
Results: A screening of 38,380 patients admitted to the various medical services during the study period was performed. Of these, 356 (0.9%) required intensive care unit transfer. Most patients were initially admitted from the emergency department (66.3%), while transfers from another hospital comprised approximately 1%. Intensive care unit transfer patients were more likely to have ischemic heart disease (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), renal failure (P < 0.001), or sepsis associated with pressure ulcers (P < 0.001). They were also more likely to be bedridden (P < 0.001) or initially ventilated in the medical ward (P < 0.001). The mortality rate of the patients was 3.9% with patients who died being more likely to have unstable blood pressure at the time of admission (P = 0.026).
Conclusion: This study identified several factors that were associated with intensive care unit transfer. Clinicians should consider these factors when determining patient disposition to ensure timely and appropriate management.
Effects of Combined Administration of Nicotine and Caffeine on Adult Rat Prostate
Authors: Rajeh Nesreen A. , Bashykh Bodour M. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Nicotine and caffeine have been shown to be a reproductive toxicant in animals and are associated with risk of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of these two drugs on rat prostate histology and serum testosterone level.
Settings: King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Design: Experimental study, animals were injected with 100 mg/kg bw of caffeine by intra peritoneal injection daily for one month, concomitantly nicotine was injected at 10 mg/kg bw three times /week by subcutaneous injection. Effect on rats' body weight, histological changes in the prostate, and on serum testosterone level were observed.
Results: Nicotine at the tested dose causes increased interacinar space with reduction in stromal tissue (loose stroma), and also many congested blood vessels were noted in the stroma. The acini themselves become dilated and thin-walled with poorly infolded mucosa and reduction in the height of epithelial lining with flattened columnar cells. An increase in testosterone level was also noted with both the group treated with caffeine alone and with the group treated with both drugs with no significant effect on alanine transaminase or cholesterol.
Conclusion: At the used dose, nicotine caused toxic effects in male rat prostate that can be antagonized by concomitant treatment with caffeine.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baaisharah Sundus S. , Bamagoos Ahmad A. , Altaib Haythum O. , Alamaa Mohamed N. , Aljammali Khalid W. , Bafakeer Badur S. , Wali Siraj O. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disease that may be associated with psychiatric illnesses. Furthermore, treatment of obstructive sleep apnea may improve mood disorders.
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress in Saudi Arabia with obstructive sleep apnea and its link with obstructive sleep apnea severity.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea visiting the sleep clinic at a university hospital from January 2015 till February 2016 were enrolled. Those who were already confirmed with obstructive sleep apnea and were receiving continuous positive airway pressure were also studied. Patients with a history of psychiatric illnesses or use of antipsychotic medication in the last six months were excluded. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using self-administered validated questionnaires: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.
Results: Seventy-five patients with obstructive sleep apnea were included. Males accounted for 65.30% of the study population. Mean age was 47.49 years and mean body mass index was 36.5 kg/m2. Fifty percent had depression, 54.60% had anxiety and 65.30% had stress. In addition, the prevalence of depression and anxiety but not stress appears to be higher in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, treatment with continuous positive airway pressure seems to decrease the prevalence of mood disorders among sleep apnea patients.
Conclusion: Mood disorders are very common among patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their prevalence tends to increase with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and decrease among those receiving continuous positive airway pressure.
Risk Factors Associated with Body Injuries due to Falls in a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yamani Fatmah N. , Alaama Tareef Y. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with fall injuries among patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study based on a review of the medical records of patients (in- and outpatients) in King Abdulaziz University Hospital was done from February 2013 to October 2013. The data included medical histories, including fall history, fall-related hospitalization and complications, history of anemia, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, including drug and smoking history. Laboratory and radiology findings were also included. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY USA).
Results: Among 108 samples, 58 had experienced a fall and 50 served as control. Roughly 98% had a history of fall-related hospitalization, 85% were complicated by fractures, while 12% were complicated by intracranial bleeding. Patients older than 60 were more likely to fall and to have a history of falls (p < 0.001). Non-smokers were more likely to report a history of falling (p < 0.001). Cases with previous fall-related hospitalization (p < 0.001) were more likely to have a fall. Conversely, cases with anemic history [28 (48%) (p < 0.001)] were less likely to have a fall than their non-anemic counterparts.
Conclusion: Given the multifactorial nature of fractures, larger local studies are recommended to investigate the risk of fall-based fractures. The high risk of individuals experiencing multiple falls with a significant likelihood of complications suggest that further investigation will help improve patient outcomes, reduce treatment cost and need for long-term support.
Rancang Bangun Smart Home System Menggunakan NodeMCU Esp8266 Berbasis Komunikasi Telegram Messenger
Authors: Purnawan Peby Wahyu , Rosita Yuni 
Published: November 2019

Smart Home System bertujuan memaksimalkan pengawasan, pemantauan, keamanan dan sebagainya. sistem ini terintegrasi dari telekomunikasi dan sistem pengendali dari mikrokontroller, sehingga tercipta Internet Of Things. Pada Penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan sistem Smart Home, dengan sistem client-server berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266 v3 dengan user interface Telegram Messenger yang melakukan komunikasi data melalui wireless. Tahapan perancangan terdiri dari perancangan server, interface, serta sistem kendali Smart Home nya. Hasil akhir pengujian tersebut dapat disimpulkan Aplikasi Telegram Messenger sangat cocok untuk pengontrol dan monitoring Smart Home jarak jauh, berdasarkan Jarak yang diukur dari 1,7 km sampai 151 km area beda wilayah didapatkan delay rata-rata 20,66 detik, Pada pengujian kinerja Quality of Service dalam sistem komunikasi data ini, berdasarakan standarisasi paramater hasil pengujian bekerja dengan sangat baik. Pada pengujian nilai RSSI indoor didapat bahwa kekuatan komunikasi wireless lebih baik dibanding outdoor, sehingga RSSI nya lebih kuat. Nilai RSSI yang tertinggi berada pada -28 dBm dan yang terkecil pada -88 dBm. Berdasarkan pengujian terhadap obstacle, dengan karakteristik redaman yang berbeda - beda dari tiap obstacle nya menghasilkan pengaruh terhadap RSSI dari sinyal wirelessnya. Obstacle RSSI terkuat dihasilkan oleh pintu kayu dengan nilai -33dbm dBm , serta RSSI terkecil pada obstacle 2 bangunan rumah dengan nilai -78 dBm.
Táin Bó Cúailnge and the dynamics of the matter of Ulster
Authors: Edel Doris 
Published: November 2019

Táin Bó Cúailnge et la dynamique de la matière d’Ulster.
Depuis l’édition monumentale de la Táin Bó Cúailnge par Ernst Windisch en 1905, on a lancé un certain nombre de théories pour expliquer comment cette épopée, capitale dans la littérature irlandaise, est arrivée à l’existence, et néanmoins les celtisants n’ont pas réellement saisi et dominé (les différentes versions de) l’œuvre elle-même. Si importants que soient le débat opposant l’oral et le littéraire, et des questions comme la représentation (Weltbild) de l’Irlande médiévale ou le fonctionnement de la littérature irlandaise ancienne dans son contexte européen, ces problèmes ne doivent pas servir d’excuse pour ne pas examiner attentivement les textes eux-mêmes. L’auteur répond aux deux questions suivantes : (1) Qu’est ce que la structure (Bauplan ) de la version ancienne de la Táin nous apprend sur la genèse (Entstehungsgeschichte ) de l’œuvre ? ; (2) quel était le rapport entre la Táin et la «matière d’Ulster» dans son intégralité ?
Improving The Ability To Understand Reading Contents Through Cooperative Team Type Assisted Learning In Class X Students Of Al-Amien Bugih High School Students
Authors: Yunanto Fredy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Team Assisted Individualization learning method is elaboration learning that is proven effective in helping students memorize reading information. The purpose of this study was: to find out student learning activities, student responses, and improve skills in understanding the contents of the. The research method used was observation, questionnaire, and denag test. The type of research was class X research of Al-Amien Bugih High School students with 20 students. The researcher used the observation method to find out student learning activities, questionnaires to determine student responses, and test methods to find out the skills to understand the contents of the reading. Analysis of the data using descriptive data analysis. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that student learning activities have increased from cycle 1 to good category (2.7) to very good category (3.61) in cycle 2, student responses to improvement from cycle 1 are categorized as negative (50.6) to be positive (70.6) in cycle 2, and reading comprehension skills improved from cycle 1 to less (50) to be sufficient (70) in cycle 2.

Keywords: Team Assisted Individualization, Understanding Reading Contents.

Abstrak:
Metode pembelajaran Individual Assisted Individualization adalah pembelajaran elaborasi yang terbukti efektif dalam membantu siswa menghafal informasi membaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui kegiatan belajar siswa, respon siswa, dan meningkatkan keterampilan dalam memahami isi bacaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, angket, dan tes denag. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kelas X siswa SMA Al-Amien Bugih dengan 20 siswa. Peneliti menggunakan metode observasi untuk mengetahui kegiatan belajar siswa, angket untuk menentukan respon siswa, dan metode tes untuk mengetahui keterampilan memahami isi bacaan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data deskriptif. Dari hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus 1 ke kategori baik (2,7) menjadi kategori sangat baik (3,61) pada siklus 2, respons siswa terhadap peningkatan dari siklus 1 dikategorikan negatif (50,6). ) menjadi positif (70,6) pada siklus 2, dan keterampilan membaca pemahaman meningkat dari siklus 1 menjadi kurang (50) menjadi cukup (70) pada siklus 2.

Kata kunci: Team Assisted Individualization, Memahami Konten Membaca.
STUDI NUMERIK 2D PEMBAKARAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT PADA TUNGKU BOILER
Authors: Simanjuntak Melvin Emil 
Published: November 2019

Cangkang kelapa sawit dengan nilai kalor 2770 kkal/kg mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan bakar boiler. Komposisi cangkang kelapa sawit meliputi kadar air 9,7%; gas volatil 67%; karbon tetap 21,2%; abu 2,1%; karbon 47,62 %; hidrogen 6,2%; oksigen 43,38%; nitrogen 0,7% dan sulfur 0,00% dalam kondisi air dry base. Penelitian ini adalah simulasi numerik 2 dimensi menggunakan software Flic yang digunakan untuk pembakaran partikel yang besar pada grate berjalan dan dipadukan dengan software Fluent untuk melihat karakteristik pembakaran pada ruang bakar boiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan kelebihan udara 30%, udara primer 70% dan udara sekunder 30%. Diameter cangkang diasumsikan 15 mm. Konsumsi cangkang pada pembakaran sebanyak 6395 kg/jam. Kecepatan bed bervariasi sebesar 5 – 8 m/jam. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan temperatur gas panas di daerah superheater sekitar 1093 – 1464 K, diperoleh juga kontur spesies gas hasil pembakaran.
Rancang Bangun Robot Transformer (Humanoid dan Mobil)
Authors: Edilla Edilla 
Published: November 2019

Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, banyak dampak buruk yang dapat mengakibatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dikarenakan selalu bermain smartphone. Robot transformer umumnya masih jarang untuk dikembangkan di bidang robotika. Oleh karena itu, dirancang Robot transformer yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan transformasi dari bentuk humanoid ke mobil dan dapat bertransformasi dari bentuk mobil menjadi humanoid. Robot transformer ini bertransformasi dengan cara memasukkan kedua buah lengan, kemudian menjatuhkan diri dan selanjutnya telapak kaki robot diangkat. Robot yang akan dirancang digerakkan oleh motor servo, dan dikontrol dengan remote control. Robot transformer dapat dikontrol pada saat mode humanoid ataupun mobil. Gerakan robot ini meliputi robot berjalan, robot bergeser, transformasi robot dan pengendalian robot dalam mode mobil. Dalam bentuk mobil robot ini dapat melakukan pergerakan belok kiri,kanan, bergerak maju dan mundur. Sensor Accelerometer dimanfaatkan untuk mendeteksi ketika robot terjatuh. Dengan diciptakannya robot transformer, anak-anak dapat bermain robot sekaligus belajar hal-hal yang lebih bermanfaat. Hal ini juga membantu mengembangkan ide dan kreativitas mereka dalam perkembangan robotika. Rata rata waktu yang perlukan untuk melakukan gerakan transform dari humanoid menjadi mobil 2,96 detik. Rata rata waktu yang perlukan untuk melakukan gerakan transform dari mobil menjadi humanoid 8,12 detik.
Cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña metastásico
Authors: Castro Carlos , Cardona Andrés Felipe , Revéiz Ludovic , Serrano Silvia Juliana , Carranza Hernán , Vargas Carlos Alberto , Reguart Noemí , Campos Felipe , Ospina Édgar Guillermo , Sánchez Oswaldo , Torres Diana , Otero Jorge Miguel 
Published: November 2019

Propósito: realizar una revisión de la evidencia acerca del tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña (CPCNP).
Fuente de los datos: la información se obtuvo a partir de búsquedas practicadas en MEDLINE, CCT R, BIOSIS , EMBASE , LIL ACS y CIN HAL. También se recopilaron las referencias más representativas presentadas durante los últimos cinco años en los congresos ASCO, ESMO y de la IASLC.
Extracción de los datos: los datos fueron extraídos por miembros asociados al ONCOLGroup. La recopilación de la información no siguió una estrategia uniforme.
Resultados de la síntesis de datos: la terapia que se utiliza para tratar el carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) mejora la supervivencia global y la calidad de vida; no obstante, la mayoría de los pacientes mueren por la enfermedad antes del segundo año del diagnóstico, evento que ha favorecido la generación de nuevas estrategias que permitirán optimizar este desenlace. En la actualidad, el tratamiento estándar de primera línea implica varias combinaciones con base en algún platino que incrementan la supervivencia en comparación con la monoterapia y el mejor soporte paliativo. Estos regímenes son comparables respecto de su eficacia, pero difieren en el perfil de seguridad. Nuevas alternativas de tratamiento dirigidas contra blancos moleculares benefician a poblaciones específicas, cuando se administran solas o con otros agentes con los que presentan sinergismo. Esta revisión no realizó una evaluación sistemática de la evidencia.
Conclusión: la terapia médica utilizada en el CPCNP modifica positivamente los desenlaces principales, incluyendo la calidad de vida
Manifestaciones reumatológicas en pacientes infectados con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Authors: Vega Kelly Patricia 
Published: November 2019

La infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida se ha convertido en una pandemia mundial, en Colombia la prevalencia en 2008 fue de 0.6% a 0.8%.
Los últimos 21 años desde que conocemos la infección se han visto inicialmente las manifestaciones reumatológicas de la inmunodeficiencia, y con los avances en materia de terapia antirretroviral en la actualidad dichas manifestaciones están más en relación con el tratamiento.
Se realizó búsqueda de literatura empleando términos MesH en Pubmed encontrando 131 artículos de los cuales se incluyeron 26 que cumplían con los objetivos del tema.
La infección VIH y el SIDA presentan una gran variedad de manifestaciones reumatológicas, que incluso pueden ser el debut de la infección.
Las espondiloartropatías son la expresión reumatológica más frecuente.
El inicio de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficiencia en 1996, partió en dos la evolución de la infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, y las manifestaciones reumatológicas asociadas a ésta
Meu primeiro pé de feijão
Authors: Marques Petry Mari Soni 
Published: November 2019

Atividades práticas nas aulas de Biologia são recursos auxiliares estratégicos no aprendizado de conceitos, além de tornarem o processo de ensino mais dinâmico por não restringir à memorização de conteúdos. E, se aplicada de modo generalizado e mais amplo, ou a outros campos que não os da Ciência, podem ser consideradas uma forma de raciocínio lógico, possível de ser empregado na resolução de vários problemas. Com atividades práticas os alunos desenvolverão habilidades fundamentais como a apropriação de ideias, a argumentação, aseleção de informações, o planejamento de ações, etc., as quais servirão de base na conquista da autonomia de pensamento e no desenvolvimento da sua capacidade crítica. Foi com esses objetivos que essa atividade foi desenvolvida durante três semanas e que será aqui compartilhada. Pois a sistematização de práticas através do relato de experiência é indicial para a formação de professores de Ciências, uma vez que o diálogo, a leitura e o espelhamento de práticas desencadeiam no grupo de formação, reflexão, socialização e estímulo para refletir o significado das escolhas feitas na ação profissional.