bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromyographic Muscle Activity and Three‐Dimensional Scapular Kinematics in Patients With Multidirectional Shoulder Instability: A Study in the Hypermobile Type of the Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and the Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Spanhove Valentien , Calders Patrick , Berckmans Kelly , Palmans Tanneke , Malfait Fransiska , Cools Ann , De Wandele Inge 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in electromyography (EMG), muscle activity, and scapular kinematics during elevation in the scapular plane between healthy controls, participants with multidirectional shoulder laxity (MDL), and patients with multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI) who are diagnosed with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD).MethodsTwenty‐seven women with hEDS/HSD and MDI, 27 female healthy control subjects, and 28 female subjects with MDL participated in this study. Scapular 3‐dimensional kinematic data were obtained using 8 Oqus Qualisys cameras. Simultaneously, surface EMG was used to measure muscle activity of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major during arm elevation in the scapular plane. Group differences were assessed using statistical parametric mapping.ResultsRegarding scapular kinematics, significantly less upward rotation was observed in hEDS/HSD patients with MDI compared to both healthy controls and MDL subjects. Significantly less posterior tilt was seen in hEDS/HSD patients compared to MDL subjects. Furthermore, significantly higher EMG activity of the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and posterior deltoid was found in hEDS/HSD patients with MDI.ConclusionhEDS/HSD patients with MDI demonstrate altered scapular kinematics and increased EMG muscle activity compared to subjects without MDI. These findings could serve as a stepping stone for future research regarding treatment strategies in patients whose conditions belong to the hypermobility spectrum.
Hollow NiSe Nanocrystals Heterogenized with Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Methanol Upgrading to Boost Hydrogen Co‐Production
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liu Jianwen , Xu Chenyu , Feng Renfei , Sui Pengfei , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectro‐oxidative organic upgrading, as an ideal alternative to sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, can effectively decrease energy consumption to boost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. However, developing highly active electrocatalysts for long‐term durable organic upgrading with high selectivity at large and steady current density remains challenging. Herein, hollow NiSe nanocrystals heterogenized with carbon nanotubes (h‐NiSe/CNTs) are fabricated via a facile one‐pot approach. The highly dispersed h‐NiSe/CNTs 3D network can efficiently facilitate rapid mass/electron diffusion, thus achieving highly active and long‐term stable electrocatalysis for catalyzing methanol to value‐added formate at high and steady current density (≈345 mA cm−2) with high Faradaic efficiency (>95%). This reaction replaces sluggish OER performance to reduce the energy consumption for boosting H2 generation by six times. The critical active species and methanol activation mechanism are systematically studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, in situ Raman, and density functional theory calculations, indicating that the non‐ignorable SeOx collaborated with in situ formed NiOOH species can synergistically modulate the d band center to achieve an optimal adsorption for methanol selective oxidation and suppress the further oxidation to CO2, thus leading to active and stable electrolysis for producing value‐added formate with high selectivity and co‐generating H2 with less energy consumption.
Suppressed Lattice Disorder for Large Emission Enhancement and Structural Robustness in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Discovered by High‐Pressure Isotope Effect
Authors: Kong Lingping , Gong Jue , Hu Qingyang , Capitani Francesco , Celeste Anna , Hattori Takanori , Sano‐Furukawa Asami , Li Nana , Yang Wenge , Liu Gang , Mao Ho‐kwang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe soft nature of organic–inorganic halide perovskites renders their lattice particularly tunable to external stimuli such as pressure, undoubtedly offering an effective way to modify their structure for extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, using the methylammonium lead iodide as a representative exploratory platform, it is observed that the pressure‐driven lattice disorder can be significantly suppressed via hydrogen isotope effect, which is crucial for better optical and mechanical properties previously unattainable. By a comprehensive in situ neutron/synchrotron‐based analysis and optical characterizations, a remarkable photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by threefold is convinced in deuterated CD3ND3PbI3, which also shows much greater structural robustness with retainable PL after high peak‐pressure compression–decompression cycle. With the first‐principles calculations, an atomic level understanding of the strong correlation among the organic sublattice and lead iodide octahedral framework and structural photonics is proposed, where the less dynamic CD3ND3+ cations are vital to maintain the long‐range crystalline order through steric and Coulombic interactions. These results also show that CD3ND3PbI3‐based solar cell has comparable photovoltaic performance as CH3NH3PbI3‐based device but exhibits considerably slower degradation behavior, thus representing a paradigm by suggesting isotope‐functionalized perovskite materials for better materials‐by‐design and more stable photovoltaic application.
Recent Advances and Perspectives on Calcium‐Ion Storage: Key Materials and Devices
Authors: Ji Bifa , He Haiyan , Yao Wenjiao , Tang Yongbing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe urgent demand for cost‐effective energy storage devices for large‐scale applications has led to the development of several beyond‐lithium energy storage systems (EESs). Among them, calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are attractive due to abundant calcium resources, excellent volumetric and gravimetric capacities of Ca metal anode, and potential high energy density coming from the multivalent feature of Ca‐ion. Therefore, the exploration of CIBs electrode materials and the construction of CIBs devices are gaining increasing research interest. Relevant publications cover a wide range of materials by both theoretical and experimental investigations, whereas the performances of rocking‐chair CIBs have been unsatisfactory. Meanwhile, multi‐ion strategies using more than one ion as the charge carrier have been demonstrated to be feasible and promising options in realizing room temperature CIBs. The summary and reflection of previous studies would provide useful information for future exploration and optimization. In this circumstance, this paper overviews the reported CIBs electrode materials, including both anode and cathode, and presents the latest progress of multi‐ion strategies in CIBs. Fundamental challenges, potential solutions, and opportunities are accordingly proposed, mimicking other more mature EESs. This review may promote the development of electrode materials and accelerate the construction of low‐cost and high‐performance CIBs.
Storage Mechanisms of Polyimide‐Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dot Based, Highly Stable, Write‐Once‐Read‐Many‐Times Memristive Devices
Authors: An Haoqun , Ge Yang , Li Mingjun , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper two‐terminal memristive devices are presented with a structure of aluminum/polyimide‐molybdenumdisulfide quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate)/indium tin oxide that exhibits the characteristics of write‐once‐read‐many times in the range of applied voltages from −6 to 3 V. The operating voltage of the device is as low as 1.4 V, and the ON/OFF ratio of 3 × 103 can be maintained for retention times larger than 3 × 104 s. No significant variation in the current–voltage (I–V) curves of the devices is observed under high annealing temperatures of 50, 100, and 200 °C, which is indicative of their excellent thermal stability. The conduction mechanisms of the devices in their high and low resistance states are described by fitting the I–V curves of the devices.
Solid‐State Thermal Control Devices
Authors: Swoboda Timm , Klinar Katja , Yalamarthy Ananth Saran , Kitanovski Andrej , Muñoz Rojo Miguel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, solid‐state thermal control devices have emerged as potential candidates for enhanced thermal management and storage. They distinguish themselves from traditional passive thermal management devices in that their thermal properties have sharp, nonlinear dependencies on direction and operating temperature, and can lead to more efficient circuits and energy conversion systems than what is possible today. They also distinguish themselves from traditional active thermal management devices (e.g., fans) in that they have no moving parts and are compact and reliable. In this article, the recent progress in the four broad categories of solid‐state thermal control devices that are under active research is reviewed: diodes, switches, regulators, and transistors. For each class of device, the operation principle, material choices, as well as metrics to compare and contrast performance are discussed. New architectures that are explored theoretically, but not experimentally demonstrated, are also discussed.
Investigation of Nano‐Gaps in Fractured β‐Ga2O3 Nanomembranes Formed by Uniaxial Strain
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Lai Junyu , Swinnich Edward , Zheng Yixiong , Baboukani Behnoosh Sattari , Nalam Prathima C. , Seo Jung‐Hun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA free‐standing β‐Ga2O3, also called β‐Ga2O3 nanomembrane (NM), is an important next‐generation wide bandgap semiconductor that can be used for myriad high‐performance future flexible electronics. However, details of structure‐property relationships of β‐Ga2O3 NM under strain conditions have not yet investigated. In this paper, the electrical properties of β‐Ga2O3 NM under different uniaxial strain conditions using various surface analysis methods are systematically investigated and layer‐delamination and fractures are revealed. The electrical characterization shows that the presence of nanometer‐sized gaps between fractured pieces in β‐Ga2O3 NM causes a severe property degradation due to higher resistance and uneven charge distribution in β‐Ga2O3 NM which is also confirmed by the multiphysics simulation. Interestingly, the degraded performance in β‐Ga2O3 NM is substantially recovered by introducing excessive OH‐bonds in fractured β‐Ga2O3 NM via the water vapor treatment. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study reveals that a formation of OH‐bonds by the water vapor treatment chemically connects nano‐gaps. Thus, the treated β‐Ga2O3 samples exhibit reliable and stable recovered electrical properties up to ≈90% of their initial values. Therefore, this result offers a viable route for utilizing β‐Ga2O3 NMs as a next‐generation material for a myriad of high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronic applications.
Paint‐On Epidermal Electronics for On‐Demand Sensors and Circuits
Authors: Lin Lancy , Dautta Manik , Hajiaghajani Amirhossein , Escobar Alberto Ranier , Tseng Peter , Khine Michelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWearable sensors continually evolve to become more epidermal‐like, yet still face challenges pertaining to conformability and reliance on wires and power sources. Herein, a nontoxic silver conductive ink made from children's school glue is used as a versatile medium for rapid, on‐demand wearable sensor development. This conductive ink can be painted directly onto the skin and to achieve dry electronics with maximal skin contact suitable for electrocardiogram use. Multilayer pressure sensors and near‐field communication (NFC) resonators manufactured using the silver ink demonstrate wireless and battery‐free capabilities for physiological monitoring purposes.
Hysteresis Effect in Two‐Dimensional Bi2Te3 Nanoplate Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Junliang , Pan Wenwu , Wang Han , Zhang Zekai , Zhang Songqing , Yuan Guang , Yuan CaiLei , Ren Yongling , Lei Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on two‐dimensional (2D) Bi2Te3 nanoplates have attracted much attention due to their great potential for fabricating high‐performance electronic devices. However, the gating property measurement of the Bi2Te3 nanoplate FETs exhibits hysteretic behavior in an ambient environment, which degrades not only their electrical properties, but also their device performance. This work presents a systematical study on the origins of this hysteresis effect in 2D Bi2Te3 FETs and explores effective approaches to minimize and eliminate this hysteresis effect. The hysteresis effect in 2D Bi2Te3 nanoplate FETs can be attributed to the charge trap states caused by the water molecules adsorbed on the nanoplate surface. To minimize and eliminate this hysteresis, poly(methyl methacrylate) layer is applied to passivate the 2D Bi2Te3 FETs, which leads to almost hysteresis‐free gating property and thus improves the carrier mobility and device performance. These results indicate that the surface/interface trap states of nanostructures can significantly influence their electrical properties and thus device performance, and as a result, surface passivation is required to minimize the influence of the surface/interface trap states and achieve high device performance.
An Atomically Thin Air‐Stable Narrow‐Gap Semiconductor Cr2S3 for Broadband Photodetection with High Responsivity
Authors: Xie Liu , Wang Jun , Li Jie , Li Chang , Zhang Yan , Zhu Benpeng , Guo Yuzheng , Wang Zhongchang , Zhang Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfrared (IR) photodetectors are essential for optical communication, imaging, and medical and environmental monitoring technologies. However, current IR photodetectors relying on conventional narrow‐gap semiconductors require strict lattice match epitaxy and expensive manufacturing methods, and the incompatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technique cannot meet the requirement of high integration and miniaturization. Here, the controllable growth of an ultrathin narrow‐gap semiconductor Cr2S3, with thickness down to unitcell of ≈1.85 nm, is reported using chemical vapor deposition method. The as‐grown 2D Cr2S3 exhibits outstanding environmental stability with negligible degradation even after exposure in air for more than two months. By combining the optics Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer with density functional theory calculations, the bandgap of the synthesized Cr2S3 nanoflakes is determined to be 0.15 eV. A photodetector based on the 2D Cr2S3 exhibits a high responsivity (14.4 A W−1 at 520 nm, 6.0 A W−1 at 808 nm, and 3.0 A W−1 at 1550 nm) and excellent detectivity (4.0 × 1010 Jones at 520 nm, 1.7 × 1010 Jones at 808 nm, and 8.3 × 109 Jones at 1550 nm) under ambient conditions. These findings indicate that the air‐stable 2D narrow‐gap semiconductor Cr2S3 can act as a highly competitive candidate for broadband photodetector application and fundamental photophysics investigation.
Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Fei , Hu Zhe , Lai Wei‐Hong , Tao Ying , Peng Jian , Miao Zong‐Cheng , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHard carbon (HC) is recognized as a promising anode material with outstanding electrochemical performance for alkali metal‐ion batteries including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as well as their analogs sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent research is presented to interpret the challenges and opportunities for the applications of HC anodes. The ion storage mechanisms, materials design, and electrolyte optimizations for alkali metal‐ion batteries are illustrated in‐depth. HC is particularly promising as an anode material for SIBs. The solid‐electrolyte interphase, initial Coulombic efficiency, safety concerns, and all‐climate performances, which are vital for practical applications, are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, commercial prototypes of SIBs based on HC anodes are extensively elaborated. The remaining challenges and research perspectives are provided, aiming to shed light on future research and early commercialization of HC‐based SIBs.
WOx‐Surface Decorated PtNi@Pt Dendritic Nanowires as Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Huang Bolong , Wang Kai , Yang Wenxiu , Lv Fan , Li Na , Chao Yuguang , Zhou Peng , Yang Yong , Li Yingjie , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Wenshu , Du Yaping , Su Dong , Guo Shaojun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a pivotal element of electrochemical water splitting which is able to produce clean hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuel. Developing efficient Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the HER to work at all pHs is highly desirable, however, still a significant challenge, especially in alkaline conditions due to sluggish water dissociation and OHad transfer. Here, a new strategy for making a class of amorphous WOx‐surface decorated PtNi@Pt dendritic nanowires (WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs) to achieve highly efficient pH‐universal HER electrocatalysis is reported. The as‐made WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs display superior HER performance with the overpotentials of 24, 5, and 22 mV in 0.1 m KOH, 0.1 m HClO4, and 0.5 m phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The mass activity of WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs in alkaline conditions is 3.3 mA μgPt−1 at an overpotential of 70 mV, among the best in all the reported materials. Theoretical calculations confirm the introduction of WOx to the PtNi DNWs plays a pivotal role in promoting the efficient electron transfer for the alkaline and acidic HER. The activation of the PtNi region within the PtNiWO interface is achieved by the WOx induced strain effect, which guarantees the superior performance in the HER.
Plant response to fungal root endophytes varies by host genotype in the foundation species Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Hughes A. Randall , Moore Althea F. P. , Gehring Catherine 
Published: November 2020

PREMISERoot‐associated fungi provide a wide range of functions for their host plants, including nutrient provisioning, pathogen protection, and stress alleviation. In so doing, they can markedly influence host‐plant structural and physiological traits, although the degree to which these effects vary within particular plant host species is not well understood.METHODSWe conducted a 7‐month common‐garden inoculation experiment to test the potential effects of a marine fungus (Lulwoana sp.) on the phenotypic traits of different genotypes of the host, the salt marsh plant species Spartina alterniflora. Lulwoana belongs to the dark septate endophytes (DSE), a polyphyletic group of fungi that are commonly found colonizing healthy plant roots, though their ecological role remains unclear.RESULTSWe documented significant impacts of Lulwoana on S. alterniflora morphology, biomass, and biomass allocation. For most traits in our study, these impacts varied significantly in direction and/or magnitude across S. alterniflora genotypes. Effects that were consistent across genotype were generally negative. Plant response was not predicted by the percentage of roots colonized, consistent with findings that dark septate endophytes do not necessarily influence plant growth responses through direct contact with roots.CONCLUSIONSThe observed changes in stem height, biomass, and biomass allocation have important effects on plant competitive ability, growth, and fitness, suggesting that plant–fungal interactions have community and ecosystem level effects in salt marshes.
Distending Media Used During Hysteroscopy: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Donan Prospero C. , Pace Kelly A. , Ruiz Charles W. , Gracia Marissa M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTHysteroscopy is a gynecological procedure that may be indicated for abnormal uterine bleeding, diagnosis and management of infertility, contraception, or sterilization. Surgeons use distending media during hysteroscopy to view the uterine cavity. Media options include carbon dioxide gas and both electrolytic and nonelectrolytic fluids. All distending media is absorbed by the patient's body, but the manner in which each media is absorbed is unique to its chemical composition. Understanding the properties of each distending medium and the risks involved with its use is critical to safe perioperative nursing care for patients undergoing hysteroscopy. This article provides perioperative nurses with a review of uterine anatomy and evidence‐based information on the types of distending media used during hysteroscopy and the corresponding perioperative nursing implications.
Congruency Between Planned and Performed Procedures and Adherence to Recommended Perioperative Practices: A Chart Audit of High‐Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Sandelin Annika , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter , Kalman Sigridur 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTDocumentation in an electronic health record system helps ensure that perioperative personnel provide appropriate treatment and care to surgical patients. A retrospective chart review performed with an audit instrument sought to describe the extent to which the documented preoperative plan for a surgery corresponded to the procedure performed. The secondary aim was to describe to what extent perioperative nurses’ and physicians’ documented care was in accordance with national and international guidelines. Extracted data consisted of physicians’ and nurses’ documentation of 24 high‐risk surgical patients who died within 30 days after a procedure at two hospitals within a single health system. Surgeons documented a planned surgical method for 23 of the 24 patients and the surgical team performed 20 surgeries as planned. Perioperative nurses’ and anesthesia professionals’ documentation showed a lack of adherence to recommended practices: compliance with guidelines concerning antibiotic prophylaxis and preoperative hygiene preparation were low.
Clinical Issues—December 2020
Authors: Burlingame Byron L. 
Published: November 2020

THIS MONTH
Evidence‐rating schemes
Key words: evidence‐rating scheme, level of evidence, evidence‐based guidelines, quality.
Surgical patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices
Key words: pacemaker, cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED), magnet, monopolar electrosurgery.
Preoperative to intraoperative hand‐over process
Key words: hand over, hand‐over process, hand‐over report, preoperative assessment, patient‐specific information.
SAC during early cell divisions: Sacrificing fidelity over timely division, regulated differently across organisms
Authors: Duro Joana , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarly embryogenesis is marked by a frail Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The time of SAC acquisition varies depending on the species, cell size or a yet to be uncovered developmental timer. This means that for a specific number of divisions, biorientation of sister chromatids occurs unsupervised. When error‐prone segregation is an issue, an aneuploidy‐selective apoptosis system can come into play to eliminate chromosomally unbalanced cells resulting in healthy newborns. However, aneuploidy content can be too great to overcome, endangering viability.SAC generates a diffusible signal to lengthen time spent in mitosis if needed, ensuring correct chromosome segregation, a fundamental factor in the generation of euploid cells. Thus, it remains puzzling what benefit could come from delaying SAC acquisition till later in the development. In this review, we describe what is known on SAC acquisition in distinct species and highlight pending research as well as potential applications for such knowledge.