bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and comparators against Gram-negative bacterial isolates collected from Latin American centres between 2015 and 2017
Authors: Stone Gregory G , Ponce-de-Leon Alfredo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We report the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and comparators against 7729 Enterobacterales isolates and 2053 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from six Latin American countries between 2015 and 2017.

Methods
A central reference laboratory performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution panels according to CLSI guidelines. The presence of β-lactamases was confirmed using multiplex PCR assays.

Results
Susceptibility rates among Enterobacterales were highest for ceftazidime/avibactam (99.3%, MIC90 = 0.5 mg/L), meropenem (95.4%, MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L) and amikacin (93.5%, MIC90 = 8 mg/L). High susceptibility rates were observed for ceftazidime/avibactam in all six countries. The majority of carbapenemase-positive isolates among Enterobacterales (N = 366, 4.7%) were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam (86.9%), colistin (76.8%) and amikacin (60.9%); MBL-positive isolates (N = 49, 0.6%) were susceptible only to colistin (79.6%), with a minority susceptible to amikacin (49.0%), aztreonam and levofloxacin (both 30.6%). Highest rates of susceptibility among P. aeruginosa isolates were for colistin (99.2%) and ceftazidime/avibactam (86.6%), with rates of susceptibility to all other agents being &lt;80.0%. MDR P. aeruginosa isolates (N = 712, 34.7%) had a high rate of susceptibility to colistin (98.9%); the rate of susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam was 61.4% and &lt;50.0% to all other comparator agents. A total of 235 (11.4%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were carbapenemase positive and 148 (7.2%) were MBL positive; both subsets had high rates of susceptibility to colistin (98.3% and 100%, respectively).

Conclusions
Ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility rates in Latin American countries are stable and high; ceftazidime/avibactam can be an appropriate treatment for patients with infections caused by Enterobacterales or P. aeruginosa and for whom treatment options may be limited.
Obesity is correlated with poor outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Yu Jian , Lin Shangnao , Luo Yi , Shi Jimin , Tan Yamin , Lai Xiaoyu , Zhao Yanmin , Ye Yishan , Zhu Yuanyuan , Zheng Weiyan , Huang He 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
The relationship between body mass index and overall survival has been controversial in patients who suffered from hematological malignancies and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods
We collected the data of 686 acute leukemia patients who received only one allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our center from 2008 to 2017. Patients were divided into four groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) according to their body mass index pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Results
56.4% of patients had normal body mass indices, 17.3% were underweight, 20.4% were overweight and 5.8% were with obesity. Concerning long-term follow-up, the probability of overall survival was significantly lower in overweight (P = 0.010) and patients with obesity (P = 0.065) as compared with normal weight patients, and no statistically significant difference between underweight and normal weight individuals (P = 0.810). The results demonstrated that higher body mass index was associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.33–2.40, P &lt; 0.001) and shorter leukemia-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–2.34, P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, patients exhibiting a higher body mass index were more likely to face the problem of relapse (30.6 vs 20.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, non-relapse mortality of patients with obesity was statistically higher than normal weight patients (22.5 vs 9.6%, P = 0.027). Besides, individuals with a higher abdominal girth had shorter survival (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.29–2.31, P &lt; 0.001) and higher relapse rate (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.29–2.45, P = 0.001) as compared with those with a lower abdominal girth.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that obesity at pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation stage, whether characterized by higher body mass index or abdominal girth, is correlated with poorer outcome.
Early Childhood Sleep Intervention in Urban Primary Care: Caregiver and Clinician Perspectives
Authors: Williamson Ariel A , Milaniak Izabela , Watson Bethany , Cicalese Olivia , Fiks Alexander G , Power Thomas J , Barg Frances K , Beidas Rinad S , Mindell Jodi A , Rendle Katharine A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite significant income-related disparities in pediatric sleep, few early childhood sleep interventions have been tailored for or tested with families of lower socio-economic status (SES). This qualitative study assessed caregiver and clinician perspectives to inform adaptation and implementation of evidence-based behavioral sleep interventions in urban primary care with families who are predominantly of lower SES.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with (a) 23 caregivers (96% mothers; 83% Black; 65% ≤125% U.S. poverty level) of toddlers and preschoolers with insomnia or insufficient sleep and (b) 22 urban primary care clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, social workers, and psychologists; 87% female; 73% White). Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the interview guide assessed multilevel factors across five domains related to intervention implementation. Qualitative data were analyzed using an integrated approach to identify thematic patterns across participants and domains.

Results
Patterns of convergence and divergence in stakeholder perspectives emerged across themes. Participants agreed upon the importance of child sleep and intervention barriers (family work schedules; household and neighborhood factors). Perspectives aligned on intervention (flexibility; collaborative and empowering care) and implementation (caregiver-to-caregiver support and use of technology) facilitators. Clinicians identified many family barriers to treatment engagement, but caregivers perceived few barriers. Clinicians also raised healthcare setting factors that could support (integrated care) or hinder (space and resources) implementation.

Conclusions
Findings point to adaptations to evidence-based early childhood sleep intervention that may be necessary for effective implementation in urban primary care. Such adaptations could potentially reduce significant pediatric sleep-related health disparities.
Vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum as a result of recurrent Boerhaave’s syndrome
Authors: Kyriakides Jonathon , Stackhouse Ashlyn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum can be a result of barotrauma causing alveolar rupture or Boerhaave’s syndrome. Although a rare cause of secondary pneumomediastinum, Boerhaave’s syndrome allows extravasation of air and fluid due to oesophageal perforation. We report a case of a 20-year-old female who presented with prolonged vomiting during a panic attack. Extensive surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum were visualised radiologically. A source of oesophageal rupture was not visualised on cross-sectional computed tomography imaging following contrast ingestion. A complication of mediastinitis provided the evidence that this was a case of Boerhaave’s syndrome whereby microscopic perforation of the oesophagus led to secondary pneumomediastinum, rather than vomiting-induced spontaneous pneumomediastinum caused by barotrauma. Recurrent Boerhaave’s syndrome in this case is owed to the patient having previously experienced identical symptoms which spontaneously resolved.
On the Run: Runaway Slaves and Their Social Networks in Eighteenth-Century Cochin
Authors: Geelen Alexander , van den Hout Bram , Tosun Merve , de Windt Mike , van Rossum Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite growing attention to the history of slavery in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago worlds, the debate on the nature or characteristics of slavery in these regions has been left largely unsettled. Whereas some scholars emphasize the existence of harsh forms of hereditary slavery similar to those found in the Americas, others argue that the nature of slavery in Asia was urban, status-based, and milder than in the Atlantic world. This article explores case studies of slaves escaping in and around the Dutch East India Company (VOC) city of Cochin. Studying court records that bring to light the strategies and social networks of enslaved runaways provides new insights into the characteristics of slavery and the conditions of slaves in and around VOC-Cochin. The findings indicate that the social and everyday conditions under which slaves lived were highly diverse and shaped by the direct relations between slave and master, influenced by elements of trust, skill, and control. Relations of slavery nevertheless remained engrained by the recurrence of physical punishments and verbal threats, despite sometimes relatively open situations. This reminds us that easy dichotomies of “benign,” “Asian,” “household,” or “urban” versus “European,” “Atlantic,” or “plantation” slavery obscure as much as they reveal.
Just the essentials: photoprotective energy dissipation pared-down
Authors: Johnson Matthew P 
Published: March 2020

This article comments on:
Saccon F, Giovagnetti V, Shukla MK, Ruban AV. 2020. Rapid regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the absence of minor antenna and reaction centre complexes. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 3626–3637.
A World Transgressed: Icon and Iconoclasm in Eugene Vodolazkin’s Laurus
Authors: Breedlove Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The subject of this article is the iconic meeting of divine presence and divine absence. In the icon, divine presence is scandalous: the icon speaks of the impossibility of correspondence, the impossibility of making God present, and at the same time of the reality of divine presence. Nothing of or in the icon is commensurable to this divine presence; yet this poverty of the icon is its witness to the nature of a presence that transcends the paradox of compresence and exclusivity. This essay develops this account of divine presence in conversation with a reading of Eugene Vodolazkin’s novel Laurus and its depiction of holy foolery. Drawing parallels between divine presence in the icon and the scandalous and transgressive compresence of profane and sacred in the novel, the essay argues both for the iconic character of the novel and, consequently, for the novel’s illumination of the incarnational logic undergirding the icon itself.
Cosmic rays and magnetic fields in the core and halo of the starburst M82: implications for galactic wind physics
Authors: Buckman Benjamin J , Linden Tim , Thompson Todd A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields may be dynamically important in driving large-scale galactic outflows from rapidly star-forming galaxies. We construct two-dimensional axisymmetric models of the local starburst and superwind galaxy M82 using the CR propagation code galprop. Using prescribed gas density and magnetic field distributions, wind profiles, CR injection rates, and stellar radiation fields, we simultaneously fit both the integrated gamma-ray emission and the spatially resolved multifrequency radio emission extended along M82’s minor axis. We explore the resulting constraints on the gas density, magnetic field strength, CR energy density, and the assumed CR advection profile. In accord with earlier one-zone studies, we generically find low central CR pressures, strong secondary electron/positron production, and an important role for relativistic bremsstrahlung losses in shaping the synchrotron spectrum. We find that the relatively low central CR density produces CR pressure gradients that are weak compared to gravity, strongly limiting the role of CRs in driving M82’s fast and mass-loaded galactic outflow. Our models require strong magnetic fields and advection speeds of the order of ∼1000 km s−1 on kpc scales along the minor axis in order to reproduce the extended radio emission. Degeneracies between the controlling physical parameters of the model and caveats to these findings are discussed.
A universal formula for the relativistic correction to the mutual friction coupling time-scale in neutron stars
Authors: Gavassino L , Antonelli M , Pizzochero P M , Haskell B 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Vortex-mediated mutual friction governs the coupling between the superfluid and normal components in neutron star interiors. By, for example, comparing precise timing observations of pulsar glitches with theoretical predictions it is possible to constrain the physics in the interior of the star, but to do so an accurate model of the mutual friction coupling in general relativity is needed. We derive such a model directly from Carter’s multifluid formalism, and study the vortex structure and coupling time-scale between the components in a relativistic star. We calculate how general relativity modifies the shape and the density of the quantized vortices and show that, in the quasi-Schwarzschild coordinates, they can be approximated as straight lines for realistic neutron star configurations. Finally, we present a simple universal formula (given as a function of the stellar compactness alone) for the relativistic correction to the glitch rise-time, which is valid under the assumption that the superfluid reservoir is in a thin shell in the crust or in the outer core. This universal relation can be easily employed to correct, a posteriori, any Newtonian estimate for the coupling time-scale, without any additional computational expense.
Observing the tail of reionization: neutral islands in the z = 5.5 Lyman-α forest
Authors: Nasir Fahad , D’Aloisio Anson 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have noted difficulties in modelling the highest opacities of the z &gt; 5.5 Ly α forest, epitomized by the extreme Lyα trough observed towards quasar ULAS J0148 + 0600. One possibility is that the most opaque regions at these redshifts contain significant amounts of neutral hydrogen. This explanation, which abandons the common assumption that reionization ended before z = 6, also reconciles evidence from independent observations of a significantly neutral Universe at z = 7.5. Here, we explore a model in which the neutral fraction is still ${\approx }10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z = 5.5. We confirm that this model can account for the observed scatter in Ly α forest opacities, as well as the observed Ly β transmission in the J0148 trough. We contrast the model with a competing ‘earlier’ reionization scenario characterized by a short mean free path and large fluctuations in the post-reionization ionizing background. We consider Ly α and Ly β effective optical depths, their correlations, trough size distributions, dark pixel fractions, the IGM thermal history, and spatial distributions of Lyman-α emitters around forest sightlines. We find that the models are broadly similar in almost all of these statistics, suggesting that it may be difficult to distinguish between them definitively. We argue that improved constraints on the mean free path and the thermal history at z &gt; 5 could go a long way towards diagnosing the origin of the z &gt; 5.5 opacity fluctuations.
Temperature controlled high-throughput magnetic tweezers show striking difference in activation energies of replicating viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
Authors: Seifert Mona , van Nies Pauline , Papini Flávia S , Arnold Jamie J , Poranen Minna M , Cameron Craig E , Depken Martin , Dulin David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRNA virus survival depends on efficient viral genome replication, which is performed by the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The recent development of high throughput magnetic tweezers has enabled the simultaneous observation of dozens of viral RdRp elongation traces on kilobases long templates, and this has shown that RdRp nucleotide addition kinetics is stochastically interrupted by rare pauses of 1–1000 s duration, of which the short-lived ones (1–10 s) are the temporal signature of a low fidelity catalytic pathway. We present a simple and precise temperature controlled system for magnetic tweezers to characterize the replication kinetics temperature dependence between 25°C and 45°C of RdRps from three RNA viruses, i.e. the double-stranded RNA bacteriophage Φ6, and the positive-sense single-stranded RNA poliovirus (PV) and human rhinovirus C (HRV-C). We found that Φ6 RdRp is largely temperature insensitive, while PV and HRV-C RdRps replication kinetics are activated by temperature. Furthermore, the activation energies we measured for PV RdRp catalytic state corroborate previous estimations from ensemble pre-steady state kinetic studies, further confirming the catalytic origin of the short pauses and their link to temperature independent RdRp fidelity. This work will enable future temperature controlled study of biomolecular complex at the single molecule level.
A novel mutation of the folliculin gene causing Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome as rare cause for secondary pneumothorax
Authors: Vogl Melanie , Scheed Axel , Seebacher Gernot , Stubenberger Elisabeth , Ghanim Bahil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome is an orphan genetic disease characterized by the development of renal neoplasms, fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts and spontaneous pneumothoraces. Here, we report on the case of a 21-year-old man presenting with a primary event of a persistent spontaneous pneumothorax. Computed tomography images and a positive family history for pneumothoraces led to the suspicion of Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome. Genetic testing then confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis, however with a mutation that has not yet been reported.
Re-imagining the physicians’ role in the assessment of feeding challenges in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Smile Sharon , Raffaele Christie , Perlin Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While feeding challenges in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent, they continue to pose a significant diagnostic challenge, leading to misdiagnosis and under diagnosis of factors, both contextual and inherent, that may lead to negative health outcomes. Early identification of feeding difficulties in ASD is necessary to minimize negative health outcomes and strained parent–child relationships. Family physicians and paediatricians are positioned to reduce the impact of such disordered feeding behaviours on the child, family, and health care system. Providing clinicians with a conceptual framework to systematically identify factors contributing to the ‘feeding challenge’ construct will ensure the appropriate intervention is provided. We present the MOBSE conceptual framework, a multidisciplinary lens for assessing feeding challenges in ASD. This will aid in the proper diagnosis of feeding challenges seen in ASD.
Infants affected by Rh sensitization: A 2-year Canadian National Surveillance Study
Authors: Baker Jillian M , Campbell Douglas M , Pavenski Katerina , Gnanalingam Aasha , Hollamby Kathleen , Jegathesan Thivia , Zipursky Alvin , Bhutani Vinod , Sgro Michael ,   NeoHBC, Allen Rachael , de Almeida M F , Antwi Jeffrey , Baker Jillian , Baleswaran Shangari , Barozzino Matthew , Barozzino Tony , Belncowe Hannah , Casalino Maria , Cheema Sohail , Chitayat David , Danayan Karoon , Debono Mary , Ebbesen Fin , Fahmy Nahed , Ghobrial Maria , Gnanalingam Aasha , Grenier Danielle , Guttman Bell J , Jhaveri Aaditeya , Khanna Rajesh , Kumar Praveen , Kandasamy Sharmilaa , Lawn Joey E , Librach Melissa , Mateo Patrocinio C , Mori Rintaro , Ogbonna Nkemakolam , Anne Okolo Angela , Olusanya Bolajoko , Paul Vinod K , Prajapati Dishaben , Rasiah Saisujani , Reynolds Cole , Selvakumaran Sureka , Sheth Heet , Sethi Tavpritesth , Slusher Tina M , Sritharan Ashvinie , Travis Geoffrey , Twiss Jennifer , Visvanathaiyer Gayathri , Zipursky Alvin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Rh sensitization occurs when Rh(D)-negative women develop anti-Rh(D) antibodies following exposure through pregnancy or transfusion. Rh disease may cause jaundice, anemia, neurological impairment, and death. It is rare in countries where Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg) is used. Canadian Rh sensitization and disease rates are unknown.

Methods
This survey-based study was conducted using a Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program questionnaire sent to Canadian paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists to solicit Rh disease cases from May 2016 to June 2018. Paediatricians reported Rh-positive infants ≤ 60 days of age, born to Rh-negative mothers with RhD sensitization.

Results
Sixty-two confirmed cases of infants affected by Rh(D) sensitization were reported across Canada. The median gestational age of neonates was term, age at presentation was 2 hours, and hemoglobin at presentation was 137.5 g/L (33 to 203 g/L). The median peak bilirubin and phototherapy duration were 280 µmol/L (92 to 771 µmol/L), and 124 hours, respectively. Thirty (48%) infants received Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) (median two doses). Seventeen (27%) received one to three simple transfusions; 10 (16%) required exchange transfusions. Six (10%) infants presented with acute bilirubin encephalopathy, and less than five presented with seizures. Fourteen mothers with affected infants were born outside of Canada.

Discussion
Rh disease continues to exist in Canada. Additional efforts are needed to raise awareness of Rh disease, prevent disease, and minimize sequelae when it does occur. The ongoing global burden of Rh Disease, as well as the possibility of emerging Rh immunoglobulin refusal are among factors that could be taken into consideration in future prevention efforts.
Parent perceptions of routine growth monitoring: A scoping review
Authors: Mansoor Yasmeen , Hale Ilona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite being a well-accepted part of paediatric care, little is known about the benefits or potential harms of routine growth monitoring (RGM) from a parent’s perspective.ObjectiveTo explore parental experiences with RGM.MethodsLiterature searches were performed on Google Scholar, psycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed. Included studies were published after 2000 and described parental comprehension, preferences, attitudes toward, and/or behaviour change related to RGM.ResultsOf 24 reviewed studies, four themes were identified: reliance on growth monitoring, understanding, influence on feeding and behaviour, and response to obesity-related classification. RGM was familiar but not strongly preferred to identify a child’s weight status. Parental understanding of RGM was poor, particularly among parents with low socioeconomic status. A common belief was that heavier babies were healthier, while smaller babies should prompt concern. Parents may be anxious and change behaviour in response to RGM, such as by halting breastfeeding, supplementing, or restricting their child’s diet. Parents frequently discounted RGM information when their child was identified as overweight, and expressed concerns about self-esteem and eating disorders.ConclusionThis scoping review identifies that although RGM is familiar and sometimes reassuring to parents, increased consideration should be given to potential harms from parental perspectives when conducting growth monitoring.