bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEGAH PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Rahman Fathur , Priwahyuni Yuyun , Gloria Christine Vita , Ikhtiyaruddin Ikhtiyaruddin , Chindyta Afernia 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hingga saat ini, tuberkulosis masih menjadi penyakit infeksi menular yang paling berbahaya di dunia. Selama ini penyakit infeksi seperti TB diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik. Rifampisin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), etambutol (EMB), streptomisin dan pirazinamid (PZA) telah dimanfaatkan selama bertahuntahun sebagai anti-TB. Namun, banyak penderita telah menunjukkan resistensi terhadap obat lini pertama ini. Sejak tahun 1980-an, kasus tuberkulosis di seluruh dunia mengalami peningkatan karena kemunculan MDR-TB (Multi Drug Resisten Tuberculosis). Bakteri penyebab MDR-TB adalah strain M. tuberculosis yang resisten terhadap obat anti-TB first-line seperti isoniazid dan rifampisin. Kepada pihak terkait seperti DinKes, puskesmas, dapat mengagendakan kegiatan ini secara rutin, pihak Puskesmas Harapan Raya Pekanbaru agar dapat memanfaatkan dan melakukan edukasi kepada pasien yang hadir di Puskesmas Harapan Raya Pekanbaru
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PROYEK JALAN TOL MELALUI PENDEKATAN STOKASTIK
Authors: Sarpan Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACK
Pekanbaru-Dumai Toll Road Section-1 includes the acceleration of Sumatra toll road development, this study conducted a financial feasibility analysis on the investment with a single period concession an analysis of the stochastic approach with the using of software -at-risk version 7.6.1 also with deterministic approach as a comparison, Section 1 of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road investment amount Rp. 1,766,858,970,000 with an equity proportion of Rp. 1,236,808,000,000 and debt of Rp. 530,050,970,000. The results of NPV calculations using the deteriministic approach at low risk Rp. 100,247.04 million, moderate risk Rp. 99,492.09 million, high risk Rp. 97,280.99 million, and with a stochastic approach to low risk Rp. 574,617.27 million, medium risk Rp. 544,400.74 million, high risk Rp. 512,530.56 million. Based on the analysis results, the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road section-1 project is financially feasible.
Frequency of Caesarean Delivery on maternal request in a private teaching hospital
Authors: Quraishi Fozia Umber , Jabeen Saima , Alvi Wajiha 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Caesarean section rates are increasing worldwide. There are many reasons for this increasing caesarean section rate one of them is increasing requests by women for caesarean section in the absence of medical indications. Most women think that elective caesarean section is safe both for women and babies. Some clinician also considered caesarean section safe. An increasing rate of caesarean section is alarming in developed as well as underdeveloped countries.
Objective: To investigate the frequency of caesarean section on maternal request and factors leading to it in a private teaching hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Shalamar hospital from 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019. Women of all ages who were pregnant and were going to have caesarean delivery during the study period at Shalamar hospital.
Results: There were 3438 total births during the study period. There were 2380(69%) caesarean section and 1058(31%) were normal vaginal deliveries. Caesarean section rate was 69%. Caesarean sections performed on maternal request were 167(7%) out of 2380 caesarean. Out of these 167 Seventy-two, 43.1% of women were those who already have a previous caesarean section for different non-recurrent indications and now they don’t want the trial of labour and requested for caesarean section. Forty, 24% of women requested for a caesarean section because of fear of labour pains and eighteen, 10.8% were those who had a bad experience of the previous child-birth. Twelve, 7.2% of women had fear of failed vaginal delivery and eight women had fear of trauma to baby and three, 1.8% had fear of perineal trauma during the trial of normal vaginal delivery. Six, 3.6% of women had some social reasons for caesarean section and six, 3.6% had some bad experience of normal delivery of their relatives or friends and two, 1.2% were those who were requesting caesarean section because of their family members preferences.
Conclusion: Most of the women requesting for caesarean section were those who had previously trial of labour. We can control the caesarean section rate by proper counselling of pregnant women.
Hemşirelik Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Mezuniyet Sonrası Psikiyatri Kliniğinde Çalışmaya İlişkin Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: UZUN Sevda , DEMİR Satı 
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin mezuniyetten sonra psikiyatri kliniğinde çalışmaya yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 23 hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında veri toplamak için araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerini içeren soru formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21,5±0,51’olup %71,7’sinin hemşirelik mesleğini isteyerek seçtiği, %95,7’sinin hemşirelik mesleğini seçmiş olmaktan memnun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen kategoriler; ruhsal hastalık algısı, ruhsal hastalığı olan bireye ilişkin görüşler, branş olarak psikiyatri hemşireliği ile ilgili görüşler ve psikiyatri kliniğinde çalışma ile ilgili görüşlerdir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlası psikiyatri hemşireliğini özel, doyum veren bir alan olarak gördükleri ve ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylere yardım etmek istedikleri için psikiyatride çalışabileceklerini öğrencilerin bir kısmının ise bu bireylere ilişkin korku/anksiyete hissettikleri, etkilenebileceklerini ve iletişim kuramayacaklarını düşündükleri için mezuniyet sonrası psikiyatri kliniğinde çalışamayacaklarını ifade etmişlerdir.Araştırma psikiyatri kliniğinde çalışmayı isteyen öğrencilerin çoğunlukta olduğunu, öğrencilerin bir kısmının ise anksiyete/korku yaşadığını; hemşirelik lisans programındaki ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşireliği dersinin öğrencilerin ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylere ilişkin hissedilen korku/anksiyete ile baş etmeyi destekleme ve stigmanın kırılması yönünde planlanması gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Erişkin Karın Travma Hastalarının ve Karın İçi Solid Organ Yaralanmalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ACAR Erol , ÖZKAN Seda , GENÇ Selim , ALTUN Süleyman 
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Çalışmamızda acil serviste karın yaralanması düşünülüp batın tomografisi çekilen erişkin olguların; demografik özelliklerini, karın yaralanmalarının klinik ve laboratuar bulgularını, travmanın şiddetini, mortalite oranlarını, karın içi solid organ yaralanma oranlarını ve organların yaralanma derecelerini incelemeyi ve literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Bu çalışma acil servise gelen çoklu travma hastalarından batın yaralanması düşünülüp tomografi çekilen 18 yaş üzerindeki 335 hastanın geriye dönük incelenmesi sonucu gerçekleştirildi. Olguların yaşı, cinsiyeti, yaralanma mekanizması, eşlik eden diğer sistem yaralanmaları, vital bulguları, fizik muayene bulguları, laboratuar değerleri, solid organ yaralanma derecesi, olguların yaralanma şiddet skorları, tedavileri ve son durumları kaydedildi. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Olguların % 76.2 erkekti ve hastaların yaş ortalaması 41±18.4 idi. Batın yaralanması şüphesi olan hastaların %92.8’inde künt yaralanma ve %7.2’sinde ise penetran yaralanma tespit edildi. Tüm hastaların mortalite oranı %1.2 tespit edildi. Hastaların % 12.8’inde solid organ yaralanması mevcuttu. Solid organ yaralanması olan hastaların %95.3’ü künt yaralanma idi. Solid organ yaralanması olan olguların %55.8’inde karaciğer, %41.9’sında dalak, %18.6’sında böbrek yaralanması tespit edildi. Solid organ yaralanması tespit edilen hastaların %79.1’i konservatif tedavi edilirken %20.9’una cerrahi tedavi uygulandı. Solid organ yaralanması olan hastaların yaralanma şiddet skorları (ISS ve NISS) ve transaminaz değerleri anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p&lt;0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak; karın travma olgularında birden fazla karın içi organın yaralanması, eşlik eden karın dışı yaralanmalar, etkilenen solid organın yaralanma derecesi, yüksek travma indeksi mortalite ve morbiditeyi etkileyen faktörler arasında yer almaktadır.
Radial-velocity Variation of a Tertiary Star Orbiting a Binary Black Hole in Coplanar and Noncoplanar Triples: Short- and Long-term Anomalous Behavior
Authors: Hayashi 林 Toshinori 利憲 , Suto 須藤 Yasushi 靖 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A number of ongoing surveys are likely to discover star–black hole binaries in our Galaxy in the near future. A fraction of them may be triple systems comprising an inner binary, instead of a single black hole, which might be progenitors of binary black holes (BBHs) routinely discovered now from the gravitational wave. We extend our previous proposal to locate inner BBHs from the short-term radial-velocity (RV) variation of a tertiary star in coplanar triples, and we consider noncoplanar triples and their long-term RV variations as well. Specifically, we assume coplanar and noncoplanar triples with an inner BBH of total mass 20 M
⊙, whose outer and inner orbital periods are 80 days and 10 days, respectively. We perform a series of N-body simulations and compare the results with analytic approximate solutions based on quadrupole perturbation theory. For coplanar triples, the pericenter shift of the outer star can be used to detect the hidden inner BBH. For noncoplanar triples, the total RV semiamplitude of the outer star is modulated periodically on the order of 100 km s−1, due to its precession over roughly the Kozai–Lidov oscillation timescale. Such long-term modulations would be detectable within a decade, independent of the short-term RV variations on the order of 100 m s−1 at roughly twice the orbital frequency of the inner binary. Thus the RV monitoring of future star–black hole binary candidates offers a promising method for searching for their inner hidden BBHs in optical bands.
Comparative Analysis of Root Dentin Loss when Using Modern Mechanical Cleaning Instruments in Immature Permanent Teeth
Authors: Hristov Krasimir , Gateva Natalia , Ishkitiev Nikolay , Doitchinova Liliya 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The full decontamination and disinfection of the root canal system is essential for the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. The current literature does not have information regarding mechanical cleaning of immature teeth with contemporary endodontic instuments.
Aim: To compare the thickness and volume of the dentin removed from the roots of immature teeth after endodontic preparation using XP-endo Finisher, GentleFile Brush and a standard H-file scraping technique through micro-computed tomography.
Methods: The study included 51 immature permanent molars. Endodontic access was prepared and without performing preliminary extirpation of the pulp, the teeth were divided into three groups. The first group of teeth were instrumented for two minutes with XP-endo Finisher, the second - two minutes with Gentlefile Brush, in the third group the root canals walls were scraped with a No. 40 H-file. The thickness and the volume of the removed dentin was assessed using micro-CT imaging before and after the use of the instruments.
Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the mean values of thickness of dentin removed between the teeth, prepared with XP-endo finisher and Gentlefile Brush. When comparing the mean values of volume of dentin removed between the separate groups, a statistically significant difference was discovered for every compared pair with the highest volume of removed dentin in the group prepared with a hand instrument.
Conclusion: The endodontic systems tested when used in immature permanent teeth remove significantly less quantity of hard dental structures compared to a hand file for scraping the root canal.
In Vitro Comparison of Several Methods for Initial Proximal Caries Detection
Authors: Todorova Veselina , Filipov Ivan , Petrova Reneta 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Initial proximal caries is both diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The disadvantages of the conventional methods for caries detection and the development of technologies led to the creation of contemporary optical devices for early caries detection.
Aim: In vitro comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of several methods for early proximal caries detection &ndash; visual-tactile, bitewing radiography and laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent pen).
Materials and methods: Fifty-eight proximal surfaces of extracted human permanent premolars and molars were examined by two examiners using visual inspection, bitewing radiography, DIAGNOdent with proximal contact, and DIAGNOdent directly in the lesion. Results were compared with the histological gold standard. Statistical analysis with ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of each detection method was performed. Analysis was conducted in 3 diagnostic thresholds &ndash; initial, developed and advanced demineralization.
Results: Sensitivity of visual inspection was 16%&ndash;33%, specificity 93.3%&ndash;100%, sensitivity of bitewing radiography 54%&ndash;67%, speci&shy;ficity 93%&ndash;94%, sensitivity of DIAGNOdent with proximal surfaces in contact 88%&ndash;91%, specificity 79%&ndash;89%, sensitivity of DIAG&shy;NOdent directly 89%&ndash;92.5%, specificity 81.29%&ndash;93%. The highest diagnostic accuracy, increasing with the rise of the level of demin&shy;eralization, was shown by DIAGNOdent directly, followed by DIAGNOdent with proximal contact, bitewing radiography, and visual inspection with the lowest accuracy.
Conclusion: The use of contemporary diagnostic devices significantly increases the possibility for early detection of proximal lesions. DIAGNOdent can be used as an adjunct to and increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional caries detection methods.
Surrogate Markers of Intestinal Inflammation in Paediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shentova Rayna , Baycheva Mila , Kofinova Denitza , Hadjiiski Petio , Yaneva Penka 
Published: June 2020

Background: Endoscopic evaluation is the gold standard for monitoring the disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the procedure is invasive and not appropriate for frequent use, especially in the paediatric population. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the levels of several inflammatory biomarkers and the degree of intestinal inflammation in paediatric patients with IBD.
Materials and methods: A single center study including 31 children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 22 children with Crohn&rsquo;s disease (CD) with different disease duration and activity. All participants provided blood samples to measure the levels of white blood cell count, platelets, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin and fibrinogen, and faecal samples for measurement of faecal calprotectin and faecal alpha-1 antitrypsin. All participants underwent endoscopic evaluation. Endoscopic disease activity was assessed according to the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn&lsquo;s Disease in UC and CD patients, respectively.
Results: 135 visits were included: 73 for UC patients and 62 for CD patients. In UC patients the strongest correlation was between the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore and the faecal calprotectin (r=0.867, p<0.001) followed by the albumin (r=0.523, p<0.001) and the&nbsp;C-reactive protein (r=0.487, p<0.001). In CD the strongest correlation was between the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn&rsquo;s disease and the faecal calprotectin (r=0.872, p<0.001) followed by the C-reactive protein (0.708, p<0.001) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (0.605, p<0.001).
Conclusions: The faecal calprotectin is a valuable surrogate marker of intestinal inflammation that is useful for monitoring of a disease activity in paediatric patients with IBD.
The Effect of Indocyanine Green Antimicrobial Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy on the Expression of BCL-2 and BAX Messenger RNA Levels in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Gharesi Samira , Chiniforush Nasim , Bahador Abbas 
Published: June 2020

Background: Antimicrobial photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontitis. To explore whether PTT/PDT with ICG causes cell death by apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, BAX and BCL-2 genes expression as key events for apoptosis were evaluated in this study.
Materials and methods: HGF cells were treated with: 1) different concentrations (500&ndash;2000 &micro;g/mL) of ICG alone, 2) Diode laser irradiation alone with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm2; 3) PTT/PDT combined different concentrations (500&ndash;2000 &micro;g/mL) of ICG with an 808 nm diode laser with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm2, and 4) controls (untreated cells). After that, BAX and BCL-2 messenger RNA levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
Results: PTT/PDT with 500 &micro;g/mL of ICG caused significant increases in the expression of the BAX gene, with an 8.5-fold increase, which was approximately 7- and 8.5-fold higher than PTT/PDT with ICG for 1500 and 2000 &micro;g/mL of ICG, respectively, indicating induction of apoptosis in HGF cells. ICG (in different test concentrations), diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG (1500 and 2000 &micro;g/mL of ICG) treatment displayed insignificant increases in expression levels of BAX (all p>0.05). Our experiments showed an insignificant increase (1.1&ndash;1.6-fold) in the expression of BCL-2 after ICG, diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG treatment (all p>0.05).
Conclusions: This study suggests that various concentration of ICG can be the diverse expression of BAX responses to PTT/PDT on HGF cells.
Hiroshima : chronique d’une catastrophe annoncée
Authors: Papon Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Cet été 2020 sera celui d’un triste anniversaire : les 75 ans des bombardements d’Hiroshima et Nagasaki, au Japon. Pierre Papon, qui publiera mi-septembre prochain un ouvrage de réflexion sur le rôle de la science dans les démocraties 1 , revient sur cet événement qui a vu la main humaine lancer la première bombe atomique faisant 155 000 à 250 000 morts (selon les estimations), principalement des civils. Après un rappel d’écrits prémonitoires de H.G. Wells sur la découverte et l’emploi d’une bombe atomique, et du projet Manhattan qui conduisit à la mise au point de l’arme nucléaire, il souligne les réactions que suscita, au sein de la communauté scientifique mais également chez un penseur comme Albert Camus, l’emploi de cette arme au Japon. Pierre Papon revient aussi sur les décisions prises, au fil du temps, par les États pour limiter la prolifération des armes nucléaires, mais en la matière, bien des questions demeurent quant à la motivation et aux mesures engagées par le club des puissances nucléaires pour y parvenir durablement. S.D.
L’« effet Bruxelles », une stratégie d’influence ?
Authors: Drevet Jean-François 
Published: June 2020

Alors que beaucoup considèrent la mondialisation économique comme un terrain de jeu sans règles, on constate à l’inverse une inflation de normes de toutes sortes (techniques, commerciales, environnementales…) qui, au fil du temps, deviennent déterminantes. Gagner la bataille des normes est ainsi devenu primordial pour les États leaders de l’économie mondiale, afin de faciliter l’accès au marché à leurs entreprises. Les États-Unis ont longtemps dominé cette bataille, imposant leurs standards au reste du monde ; la Chine travaille activement pour occuper le terrain. Mais l’Union européenne n’est pas en reste car, grâce à son grand marché fort convoité, elle est capable d’imposer ses propres règles, affirme ici Jean-François Drevet. Grâce à ce marché unique très régulé, sans coercition ni négociation particulière, l’Union européenne conduit les entreprises à suivre ses règles, dans leur propre intérêt économique. Cette chronique montre comment se déploie cette influence normative — l’« effet Bruxelles » —, qui constitue un atout incontestable pour les États membres, et pose la question de son exploitation possible à des fins plus politiques (droits de l’homme, démocratie…). S.D.
Le « populaire » comme relation de pouvoir
Authors: Noiriel Gérard 
Published: June 2020

L’article commence par évoquer les différentes manières d’écrire des histoires de France dans le champ académique français depuis le début du xx e siècle, afin de positionner la démarche socio-historique que j’ai adoptée dans ma propre contribution à ce vaste sujet. L’article poursuit en clarifiant les trois mots en apparence très simples du titre (histoire, populaire, France) car chacun d’eux peut être utilisé dans des sens très différents. Cette mise au point débouche sur une définition de l’« histoire populaire » qui ne se confond pas avec une « histoire des classes populaires ». Il ne s’agit pas de fournir une nouvelle contribution à l’« histoire par en bas » dont le modèle inégalité demeure aujourd’hui l’histoire populaire des États-Unis d’Howard Zinn. J’envisage le « populaire » comme une relation de pouvoir qui exige d’éclairer constamment les rapports qu’entretiennent les dominants et les dominés, dans une perspective qui s’inspire de la dialectique des luttes de classes développée par Karl Marx, mais enrichie par les apports des sciences sociales depuis plus d’un siècle (notamment ceux des sociologues comme Émile Durkheim, Norbert Elias ou Pierre Bourdieu).
Decision-Making Skills and Critical Thinking Ability Among Associate Degree, Diploma, Baccalaureate, and Master's-Prepared Nurses
Authors: Pardue Stephanie Farley 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
A key component of nursing practice is the nurse's ability to process information and to make decisions. One goal of most educational programs for nurses is to enhance students' cognitive abilities and clinical decision-making skills. This study investigated the differences in critical thinking ability and decision-making skills among 121 associate degree, diploma, baccalaureate, and masterfcprepared nurses. Results indicated that nurses with master's and baccalaureate degrees had the highest scores in critical thinking ability. Subjects' decision-making skills were measured related to: 1) frequency in making decisions, 2) difficulty in making decisions, and 3) factors which influence decision making. No significant differences were found among the four groups related to the three dimensions of decision-making skills. Experience and knowledge were the most influential factors in decision making. Study findings have implications for investigating differences among nursing students related to cognitive abilities.