bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
genuMet: distinguish genuine untargeted metabolic features without quality control samples
Authors: Cao L , Clish C , Hu FB , Martínez-González MA , Razquin C , Bullo-Bonet M , Corella D , Gómez-Gracia E , Fiol M , Estruch R , Lapetra J , Fitó M , Arós F , Serra-Majem L , Ros E , Liang L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationLarge-scale untargeted metabolomics experiments lead to detection of thousands of novel metabolic features as well as false positive artifacts. With the incorporation of pooled QC samples and corresponding bioinformatics algorithms, those measurement artifacts can be well quality controlled. However, it is impracticable for all the studies to apply such experimental design.ResultsWe introduce a post-alignment quality control method called genuMet, which is solely based on injection order of biological samples to identify potential false metabolic features. In terms of the missing pattern of metabolic signals, genuMet can reach over 95% true negative rate and 85% true positive rate with suitable parameters, compared with the algorithm utilizing pooled QC samples. genu-Met makes it possible for studies without pooled QC samples to reduce false metabolic signals and perform robust statistical analysis.Availability and implementationgenuMet is implemented in a R package and available on https://github.com/liucaomics/genuMet under GPL-v2 license.ContactLiming Liang: lliang@hsph.harvard.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at ….
Scaling laws in spoken language associated with cognitive functions
Authors: Abe Masato S. , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA decline in cognitive functions due to aging has led to critical problems in modern society, and it is imperative to develop a method to predict the decline or related diseases, including dementia. Although it has been expected that language could be a sign of the cognitive decline, it remains less understood, especially in natural conditions. In this study, we recorded the large-scale data of one million words from group conversations among healthy elderly people and analysed the relationship between spoken language and cognitive functions based on scaling laws, namely, Zipf’s law and Heaps’ law. We found that word patterns followed these scaling laws irrespective of cognitive function, but the variations in scaling laws were associated with cognitive functions. Moreover, using generative models, we uncovered the relationship between the variations and cognitive functions. These results indicate that scaling laws in language can be a biomarker for the cognitive decline.
Anti-money laundering ratings: uncovering evidence hidden in plain sight
Authors: Pol Ronald F. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to increase the transparency of information in official anti-money laundering rating data to assist evidence-informed decision-making in compliance, policy-making and research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper converts anti-money laundering rating data into information-rich visualisations, reintroduces a comparison methodology and ranks all anti-money laundering regimes evaluated to date.FindingsOfficial anti-money laundering ratings as currently structured and presented offer surprisingly little policy-relevant information. Persistent failure to transform available data into information for knowledge and insight suggests that the risk has been realised that impressionistic judgments or politicised interests drive the policy agenda at least as much as objective evidence or substantive economic and social goals.Practical implicationsAny reluctance to generate policy-relevant information from the industry’s primary data set or disinclination to engage constructively with a growing body of independent critical policy effectiveness evidence calls into question whether implementing anti-money laundering controls with some prospect of achieving substantial societal benefits, or perpetuating the current system, prevails.Originality/valueWith a dearth of scholarship at the intersection of money laundering and policy effectiveness scholarship and practice, this paper combines elements of these disciplines and examines anti-money laundering effectiveness from a different viewpoint. Rather than seeking to measure money laundering or estimate the proportion of criminal proceeds successfully intercepted, this paper draws directly from the anti-money laundering industry’s own “main” data set.
Money laundering control in Tanzania
Authors: Mniwasa Eugene E. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how banks in Tanzania have been vulnerable to money laundering activities and how the banking institutions have been implicated in enabling or aiding the commission of money laundering offences, and highlights the banks’ failure or inability to prevent, detect and thwart money laundering committed through their financial systems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores Tanzania’s anti-money laundering law and analyzes non-law factors that make the banks exposed to money laundering activities. It looks at law-related, political and economic circumstances that impinge on the banks’ efficacy to tackle money laundering offences committed through their systems. The data are sourced from policy documents, statutes, case law and literature from Tanzania and other jurisdictions.FindingsBoth law-related and non-law factors create an enabling environment for the commission of money laundering offences, and this exposes banks in Tanzania to money laundering activities. Some banks have been implicated in enabling or aiding money laundering offences. These banks have abdicated their obligations to fight against money laundering. This is attributed to the fact that the banks’ internal anti-money laundering policies, regulations and procedures are inefficient, and Tanzania’s legal framework is generally ineffective to tackle money laundering offences.Originality/valueThis paper uncovers a multi-faceted nature of money laundering affecting banks in Tanzania. It is recommended that Tanzania’s anti-money laundering policy should address law-related, political, economic and other factors that create an enabling environment for the commission of money laundering offences. Tanzania’s anti-money laundering law should be reformed to enhance its efficacy and, lastly, banks should reinforce their internal anti-money laundering policies and regulations and policies.
Adaptation of ventricular repolarization duration and dispersion during changes in heart rate induced by atrial stimulation
Authors: Axelsson Karl‐Jonas , Brännlund Adam , Gransberg Lennart , Lundahl Gunilla , Vahedi Farzad , Bergfeldt Lennart 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe duration of ventricular repolarization (VR) and its spatial and temporal heterogeneity are central elements in arrhythmogenesis. We studied the adaptation of VR duration and dispersion and their relationship in healthy human subjects during atrial pacing.MethodsPatients 20‐50 years of age who were scheduled for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia without preexcitation but otherwise healthy were eligible. Vectorcardiography recordings with Frank leads were used for data collection. Incremental atrial pacing from a coronary sinus electrode was performed by decrements of 10ms/cycle from just above sinus rate, and then kept at a fixed heart rate (HR) just below the Wenckebach rate for ≥5min and then stopped. VR duration was measured as QT and VR dispersion as T area, T amplitude and ventricular gradient. The primary measure (T90 End) was the time to reach 90% change from baseline to the steady state value during and after pacing.ResultsA complete study protocol was accomplished in 9 individuals (6 women). VR duration displayed a monophasic adaptation during HR acceleration lasting on average 20s. The median (Q1‐Q3) T90 End for QT was 85s (51‐104), a delay by a factor >4. All dispersion measures displayed a tri‐phasic response pattern during HR acceleration and T90 End was 3‐5 times shorter than for VR duration.ConclusionsEven during close to “physiological” conditions, complex and differing response patterns in VR duration and dispersion measures followed changes in HR. Extended knowledge about these responses in disease conditions might assist in risk evaluation and finding therapeutic alternatives.
Long‐term clinical outcomes and prognoses of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who present with tombstoning ST‐segment elevation
Authors: Tanık Veysel Ozan , Çınar Tufan , Şimşek Barış , Güngör Barış , Avcı İlker , Tanboga İbrahim Halil , Karabay Can Yücel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough patients with tombstoning ST‐segment elevation (Tomb‐ST) usually have poor in‐hospital and short‐term survival rates, no studies have examined the long‐term clinical outcomes and prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who have this electrocardiographic pattern. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the long‐term clinical events and mortality of such patients in this study.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we included 335 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acute anterior wall‐STEMI from January 2015 to June 2018. The criteria for the definition of Tomb‐ST were accepted as provided in a previous study. Endpoints of the study were the incidence of significant in‐hospital and long‐term major adverse clinical events (MACE) including the composite of total death, myocardial reinfarction, and hospitalizations due to heart failure.ResultsPatients who presented with Tomb‐ST had significantly higher in‐hospital and long‐term mortality (10% [n = 12 patients] vs. 2.3% [n = 5 patients]; p < 0.001and 6.5% [n = 7 patients] vs. 1.9% [n = 4 patients]; p = .04, respectively). In a multivariate traditional and penalized Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, this type of electrocardiographic pattern was found as independent predictor of long‐term MACE (Odds ratio [OR]: 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91–7.63, p < .001 and OR: 4.36, 95% CI: 1.97–9.66, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionIn the present study, we observed that the presence of Tomb‐ST might be an independent predictor of long‐term MACE in STEMI patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the long‐term MACE of such patients.
Seamless Mipmap Filtering for Dual Paraboloid Maps
Authors: Wang Zhenni , Yui Ho Tze , Leung Chi Sing , Wong Eric. W. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDual paraboloid mapping is an approach for environment mapping. Its major advantage is its fast map generation speed. For graphics applications, when filtering is needed, the filtering tool would naturally be mipmapping. However, directly applying mipmapping to dual paraboloid mapping would give us three problems. They are the discontinuity across the dual paraboloid map boundary, the non‐uniform sampling problem and the depth testing issue. We propose three approaches to solve these problems. Our approaches are based on some closed form equations derived via theoretical analysis. Using these equations, we modify the coordinates involved during the rendering process. In other words, these problems are handled just by using dual paraboloid maps and mipmaps differently, instead of fundamentally altering their data structures. Consequently, we are fixing the problems without damaging the map generation speed advantage. Applying all three approaches, we improve the rendering quality of dual paraboloid map mipmaps to a level equivalent to that of cubemap mipmaps, while preserving its fast map generation speed advantage. This gives dual paraboloid map mipmaps the potential to be a better choice than cubemap mipmaps for the devices with less computational power. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed approaches are demonstrated using a glossy reflection application and an omnidirectional soft shadow generation application.
Lighting Layout Optimization for 3D Indoor Scenes
Authors: Jin Sam , Lee Sung‐Hee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs the number of models for 3D indoor scenes are increasing rapidly, methods for generating the lighting layout have also become increasingly important. This paper presents a novel method that creates optimal placements and intensities of a set of lights in indoor scenes. Our method is characterized by designing the objective functions for the optimization based on the lighting guidelines used in the interior design field. Specifically, to apply major elements of the lighting guideline, we identify three criteria, namely the structure, function, and aesthetics, that are suitable for the virtual space and quantify them through a set of objective terms: pairwise relation, hierarchy, circulation, illuminance, and collision. Given an indoor scene with properly arranged furniture as input, our method combines the procedural and optimization‐based approaches to generate lighting layouts appropriate to the geometric and functional characteristics of the input scene. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated with an ablation study of cost terms for the optimization and a user study for perceptual evaluation.
Learning Style Compatibility Between Objects in a Real‐World 3D Asset Database
Authors: Liu Yifan , Tang Ruolan , Ritchie Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLarge 3D asset databases are critical for designing virtual worlds, and using them effectively requires techniques for efficient querying and navigation. One important form of query is search by style compatibility: given a query object, find others that would be visually compatible if used in the same scene. In this paper, we present a scalable, learning‐based approach for solving this problem which is designed for use with real‐world 3D asset databases; we conduct experiments on 121 3D asset packages containing around 4000 3D objects from the Unity Asset Store. By leveraging the structure of the object packages, we introduce a technique to synthesize training labels for metric learning that work as well as human labels. These labels can grow exponentially with the number of objects, allowing our approach to scale to large real‐world 3D asset databases without the need for expensive human training labels. We use these synthetic training labels in a metric learning model that analyzes the in‐engine rendered appearance of an object—combining geometry, material, and texture—whereas prior work considers only object geometry, or disjoint geometry and texture features. Through an ablation experiment, we find that using this representation yields better results than using renders which lack texture, materiality, or both.
Occurrence of Neodolichodorus persiangulfus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) in mangrove forests of southern Iran
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn infestation of mangrove forests with Neodolichodorus persiangulfus n. sp. in southern Iran is reported. This paper is the first to report a representative species of the genus in the country. The new species was characterized by 2,120 (1795–2400) µm long females, and 1755 (1533–2019) µm long males, a continuous to slightly offset cephalic region separated from the rest of the body by a shallow depression, having 5–7 annuli and a distinct labial plate, a lateral field with four lines, the outer ones crenate, irregularly areolated in anterior and posterior body region, 79 (66–85) μm long female stylet, a didelphic‐amphidelphic female reproductive system with asymmetric sclerotized vaginae, phasmids 5–10 annuli behind the anus, female tail elongate conoid, suddenly narrowing at 5–12 annuli posterior to anus and males with trilobed bursa, 52.5 (47–58) μm long spicules and 21.5 (18–27) μm gubernaculum. With the elongate‐conoid female tail and cʹ >1.2, the new species is close to five known species of the genus: N. brevistylus, N. leiocephalus, N. paralongicaudatus, N. rageshi and N. sinensis, but is distinguished from them by the morphology of the female tail, areolation type of the lateral field, position of hemizonid and phasmid and morphometric data. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the near full‐length fragment of the small and the D2‐D3 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA D2‐D3) revealed the new species placed in a clade including one isolate of Neodolichodorus sp. and some species of Globodera, Heterodera and Rotylenchulus with 0.89 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) in SSU phylogeny. The only available SSU sequence of the genus was the tentative closest relative to the new species in the inferred SSU tree. In the reconstructed LSU phylogenetic tree, N. persiangulfus n. sp. formed a poorly supported clade with Rotylenchulus spp. in Bayesian inference (BI), and the only other available D2‐D3 sequence of the genus occupied a distant placement to the new species.
Morphological characteristics, cytogenetic profile, and outcome of RUNX1‐RUNX1T1‐positive acute myeloid leukemia: Experience of an Indian tertiary care center
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Yadav Sanjeev , Parashar Yatendra , Rahman Khaliqur , Singh Manish Kumar , Chandra Dinesh , Gupta Anshul , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionA prototype of good prognosis, t(8;21)‐positive AML, has diverse clinical and genetic features which affect its outcome. This study aimed at evaluating the clinico‐pathological spectrum of t(8;21)‐positive AML and ascertaining prognostic factors influencing its outcome in the Indian subcontinent.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 75 cases of t(8;21)‐positive AML diagnosed over a period of six years (2013‐2018) was carried out. Detailed clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected from the electronic medical records and reviewed.ResultsMedian age was 19.5 years (range 5‐75 years) with a M:F of 1.7. Myeloid sarcoma was observed in 9.3% cases. There were 85% FAB AML‐M2, 8% AML‐M1, and 7% AML‐M4 subtypes. Prominent morphological characteristics included dyspoiesis in maturing myeloid cells (83%), long thin tapered Auer rods (58%), cytoplasmic vacuoles (58%), eosinophilia (50%), and mast cells (22%). Auer rods in maturing granulocytes (4% cases) were highly suggestive of the translocation. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 53% cases. Seventy‐one percent (25/35) achieved CR. The overall survival (OS) was 40%, with a median follow‐up of 27 months (range 4‐57 months). None of the hematological or cytogenetic factors correlated with OS, except for the presence of myeloid sarcoma which had a trend toward poor survival (P = .07).ConclusionOutcome of t(8;21) AML is not influenced by any of the clinico‐pathological parameters, except for a myeloid sarcoma, which may herald a poor prognosis. Recognition of this distinct subtype of AML would facilitate further molecular screening for risk stratification in resource‐constrained settings.
Geriatric nutritional risk index is associated with mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Ren Mian , Sheng Qilin , Xie Xishao , Zhang Xiaohui , Han Fei , Chen Jianghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is one of the most common complications among dialysis patients. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is rarely used in dialysis patients, especially peritoneal dialysis (PD).AimTo use the GNRI to evaluate the initial nutritional state of PD patients and to examine the association between the GNRI and mortality in chronic PD patients.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the medical records at our centre to identify all adults (≥18 years) who had undergone PD for over 3 months before recruitment from January 2005 to December 2017. The correlation between the GNRI and mortality was examined by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses.ResultsA total of 1804 patients was enrolled in the study. Significant correlations were noted between the initial GNRI and Charlson index, uric acid, blood calcium, potassium, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, haemoglobin and so on. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that the GNRI was associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio = 0.96, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.95—0.98) after adjustment. Compared with the lowest GNRI group, all‐cause mortality decreased significantly for each level of GNRI after adjusting for various influencing factors, and the mortality risk of the highest GNRI grade decreased by 66%. The Kaplan–Meier analysis survival rate was significantly different among the four groups in terms of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality (log‐rank test, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the GNRI is significantly associated with mortality and can be a simple, clinically useful marker for the assessment of nutritional status in PD patients.
Trends in stroke reperfusion treatment and outcomes in New Zealand
Authors: Hedlund Fredrik , Leighs Andrew , Barber P. Alan , Lundström Erik , Wu Teddy Y. , Ranta Annemarei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) can help reverse stroke symptoms in selected patients but are both time sensitive interventions.AimsTo report current stroke reperfusion rates and quality measures as well as trends over time in New Zealand.MethodSince 2015 New Zealand treatment centres have been mandated to enter prospectively all IVT and EVT patients into a low‐cost National Stroke Register. Data were cleaned, and missing data added where possible through contact with individual hospitals. Main outcomes include treatment delays, vital status at day 7 and complications.ResultsIn 2018, there were 719 of 7173 (10.0%) patients with ischaemic stroke or stroke unspecified treated with IVT, up from 389 of 5963 (6.5%) patients in 2015 (P < 0.001), with no change in day 7 mortality (P = 0.63) or sICH rate (P = 0.22). Median (interquartile range (IQR)) door‐to‐needle times decreased from 65 (47–89) min in 2017 to 59 (40–84) min in 2018 (P = 0.022), and patients treated within 60 min increased from 40 to 51% (P < 0.001). In 2018, there were 243 (3.4%) patients treated with EVT up from 134/6859 (1.9%) in 2017 (P < 0.0001), with no change in 7‐day mortality (P = 0.39) or intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) (P = 0.78). There was no significant change in onset‐to‐needle (P = 0.21), arrival‐to‐groin (P = 0.28) or onset‐to‐reperfusion time (P = 0.32).ConclusionStroke reperfusion rates in New Zealand are continuously rising with no associated increase in complications. More patients are being treated faster upon hospital arrival but there remains room for further improvement in reducing onset to treatment delays.