bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral small vessel disease or intracranial large vessel atherosclerosis may carry different risk for future strokes
Authors: Chen Huimin , Pan Yuesong , Zong Lixia , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Xu Yuyuan , Yan Hongyi , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Hao , Johnston S Claiborne , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong 
Published: April 2020

Background
The effect of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) on stroke outcomes remains unclear.

Methods
Data of 1045 patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were obtained from 45 sites of the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial. We assessed the associations of burdens of CSVD and ICAS with new strokes and bleeding events using multivariate Cox regression models and those with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores using ordinal logistic regression models.

Results
Among the 1045 patients, CSVD was present in 830 cases (79.4%) and ICAS in 460 (44.0%). Patients with >1 ICAS segment showed the highest risk of new strokes (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.56, p=0.01). No association between CSVD and the occurrence of new strokes was found. The presence of severe CSVD (common OR (cOR) 2.01, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.89, p<0.001) and >1 ICAS segment (cOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.93, p<0.001) was associated with higher mRS scores. Severe CSVD (HR 10.70, 95% CI 1.16 to 99.04, p=0.04), but not ICAS, was associated with a higher risk of bleeding events. Six-point modified CSVD score improved the predictive power for bleeding events and disability.

Interpretation
CSVD is associated with more disability and bleeding events, and ICAS is associated with an increased risk of stroke and disability in patients with minor stroke and TIA at 3 months. CSVD and ICAS may represent different vascular pathologies and play distinct roles in stroke outcomes.

Trial registration number

NCT00979589
Minimally invasive osteosynthesis of a distal humeral Salter‐Harris type II fracture by percutaneous pinning
Authors: Hartman Emily A , Perry Karen Lisette , Dejardin Loic M 
Published: April 2020

A 13.2‐kg, skeletally immature German shepherd dog presented with acute onset non–weight‐bearing right forelimb lameness. A mildly displaced, distal humeral Salter‐Harris type II fracture was diagnosed using radiographs and CT scan which demonstrated a characteristic ‘corner’ sign. Closed reduction was achieved using ligamentotaxis techniques and stabilisation was performed via percutaneous pinning under fluoroscopic guidance. Physical examination and diagnostic imaging were repeated at 1 month postoperatively with telephone communication and Canine Brief Pain Inventory being completed 12 months postoperatively. Clinical union was documented radiographically 4 weeks postoperatively. Minimal lameness was noted clinically, reported to have resolved 2 weeks thereafter. Long‐term outcome was excellent with both pain severity score and pain interference score being zero. This is the first detailed report of a distal humeral Salter‐Harris type II fracture in the veterinary literature. Principles of minimally invasive osteosynthesis were applied to achieve closed reduction and stabilisation with excellent long‐term clinical outcome.
Anmerkungen zur Etymologie von ahd. sahar ‚Segge‘
Authors: Schuhmann Roland 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the etymological literature there exist two divergent reconstructions for the word group around OHG sahar ‘sedge’: PGmc. *saχaza- and *saχ(a)ra-. Of these two the former is nearly exclusively found in Indo-European literature. The reconstruction *saχaza- cannot be correct. This is obvious because of the forms found in the Romanic languages, that were borrowed from Gothic, a language that did not undergo rhotazism. The neglect of literature from the field of Romance Studies is therefore accountable for the persistence of a false reconstruction in Indo-European studies.
Some Phonological Developments in the Malberg Glosses
Authors: van Doorn Adriaan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The language of the Malberg glosses shows phonological developments that allow us to position this language variety within the West-Germanic dialect continuum. In this article the author shows that the language cannot be viewed as Old Dutch, nor as the ancestor of Old Dutch based on the attested phonological developments, notably: the assimilation of certain clusters; the partial merger of Proto-Germanic *g and *h; and the palatalisation of Proto-Germanic *g.
Initial experience of irreversible electroporation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer in a Korean population
Authors: Kwon Joon Ho , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Lee Hee Seung , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Woo Jung , Park Mi-Suk , Kim Namo , Bang Seungmin , Kim Man-Deuk 
Published: April 2020

Background Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel technique that uses a non-thermal ablation to avoid vessel or duct injury. Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of IRE for the management of LAPC in a Korean population. Material and Methods Twelve patients (median age 64 years; age range 46–73 years) treated between December 2015 and March 2017 underwent intraoperative IRE for LAPC. Technical success and clinical outcomes, including complications, serum pancreatic enzyme levels, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS), were evaluated. Results Tumors were located in the pancreas head in 7 (58.3%) patients and in the body/tail in 5 (41.7%) patients. The median tumor diameter in the longest axis was 3.1 cm. Vascular invasion was observed in all patients and bowel abutment in 3 (25%) patients. Technical success was achieved in all patients. The median serum levels of amylase and lipase were 55 U/L and 31 U/L, respectively, at baseline, increased to 141.5 U/L ( P = 0.008) and 53 U/L ( P = 0.505), respectively, one day after IRE, and normalized after one week. The rate of 30-day mortality of unknown relation was 8.3% (one individual experienced massive hematemesis 12 days after IRE). The median OS from diagnosis and IRE was 24.5 months and 13.5 months, respectively. The median PFS from diagnosis and IRE was 19.2 months and 8.6 months, respectively. Conclusion For patients with LAPC, IRE appears to be a promising treatment modality with an acceptable safety profile.
Nutcracker syndrome mimicking new daily persistent headache: A case report
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Cheema Sanjay , Tronvik Erling , Matharu Manjit 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Compression of the duodenum and left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery usually leads to symptoms of proximal bowel obstruction or hematuria and, more rarely, nonspecific mild headaches. Case A young woman presented with new daily persistent headache refractory to numerous pharmacological treatments, onabotulinumtoxinA, nerve blocks, and occipital nerve stimulation. Following several years of daily severe headache, worsening abdominal pain and intolerance for food intake led to the discovery of aortomesenteric compression. Surgical treatment gave prompt improvement in gastric symptoms but also essentially resolved the headache. Conclusion This is the first description of new daily persistent headache in association with aortomesenteric compression as well as marked improvement of headache following aortomesenteric decompression. In patients with new daily persistent headache and orthostatic symptoms one may consider a differential diagnosis of Nutcracker syndrome, especially in patients with comorbid hypermobility syndromes, hematuria or gastric symptoms.
Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Is Not Inferior to Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2 Years: Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Murray Martha M. , Fleming Braden C. , Badger Gary J. ,   The BEAR Trial Team, Freiberger Christina , Henderson Rachael , Barnett Samuel , Kiapour Ata , Ecklund Kirsten , Proffen Benedikt , Sant Nicholas , Kramer Dennis E. , Micheli Lyle J. , Yen Yi-Meng 
Published: April 2020

Background: Preclinical studies suggest that for complete midsubstance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, a suture repair of the ACL augmented with a protein implant placed in the gap between the torn ends (bridge-enhanced ACL repair [BEAR]) may be a viable alternative to ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that patients treated with BEAR would have a noninferior patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] Subjective Score; prespecified noninferiority margin, –11.5 points) and instrumented anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity (prespecified noninferiority margin, +2-mm side-to-side difference) and superior muscle strength at 2 years after surgery when compared with patients who underwent ACLR with autograft. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: One hundred patients (median age, 17 years; median preoperative Marx activity score, 16) with complete midsubstance ACL injuries were enrolled and underwent surgery within 45 days of injury. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either BEAR (n = 65) or autograft ACLR (n = 35 [33 with quadrupled semitendinosus-gracilis and 2 with bone–patellar tendon–bone]). Outcomes—including the IKDC Subjective Score, the side-to-side difference in instrumented AP knee laxity, and muscle strength—were assessed at 2 years by an independent examiner blinded to the procedure. Patients were unblinded after their 2-year visit. Results: In total, 96% of the patients returned for 2-year follow-up. Noninferiority criteria were met for both the IKDC Subjective Score (BEAR, 88.9 points; ACLR, 84.8 points; mean difference, 4.1 points [95% CI, –1.5 to 9.7]) and the side-to-side difference in AP knee laxity (BEAR, 1.61 mm; ACLR, 1.77 mm; mean difference, –0.15 mm [95% CI, –1.48 to 1.17]). The BEAR group had a significantly higher mean hamstring muscle strength index than the ACLR group at 2 years (98.2% vs 63.2%; P < .001). In addition, 14% of the BEAR group and 6% of the ACLR group had a reinjury that required a second ipsilateral ACL surgical procedure ( P = .32). Furthermore, the 8 patients who converted from BEAR to ACLR in the study period and returned for the 2-year postoperative visit had similar primary outcomes to patients who had a single ipsilateral ACL procedure. Conclusion: BEAR resulted in noninferior patient-reported outcomes and AP knee laxity and superior hamstring muscle strength when compared with autograft ACLR at 2-year follow-up in a young and active cohort. These promising results suggest that longer-term studies of this technique are justified. Registration: NCT02664545 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Fréquence et Type de Délits Commis Par des Hommes Atteints de Troubles Mentaux Graves Selon l’âge D’apparition Des Comportements Antisociaux
Authors: Lapalme Mélanie , Forget Karine , Le Corff Yann , Côté Gilles 
Published: April 2020

Objectif:Il y a des différences importantes quant à la fréquence et au type de délit commis par les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux graves (TMG), selon que leurs comportements antisociaux ont débuté en bas âge ou à l’âge adulte. Cependant, les personnes ayant manifesté des comportements antisociaux précoces ne forment pas un groupe homogène. La présente étude a pour objectif de vérifier si la précocité des comportements antisociaux peut expliquer cette hétérogénéité.Méthode:137 hommes atteints d’un TMG sous trois statuts légaux distincts ont été recrutés. Ils ont été séparés en 3 groupes selon la précocité des comportements antisociaux.Résultats:Les participants du groupe enfance commettent plus de délits violents et sont plus nombreux à présenter un trouble de l’usage de drogues que ceux du groupe adulte. Le groupe adolescence se distingue du groupe adulte par une fréquence plus élevée de trouble de l’usage d’alcool. Aucune différence ne s’avère significative entre les groupes enfance et adolescence, mais la plupart des délits rapportés sont plus nombreux dans le groupe enfance.Conclusions:Les résultats suggèrent que l’âge d’apparition des comportements antisociaux devrait être pris en compte dans l’évaluation du risque et la prise en charge des personnes atteintes d’un TMG.
Breastfeeding Practices Among Mothers of Children With Orofacial Clefts in an African Cohort
Authors: Adekunle Adegbayi Adeola , Adamson Olawale , James Olutayo , Ogunlewe Omobolanle M. , Butali Azeez , Adeyemo Wasiu Lanre 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To carry out a survey of breastfeeding practices and related challenges among mothers with orofacial cleft babies attending the cleft clinic of a tertiary health institution. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sample population was all mothers of babies aged between 1 and 18 months with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts attending the cleft clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Result: A total of 65 mothers participated in the study. Initiation of breastfeeding was reported by the majority (83%, n = 54) of the mothers, and only 18.5% (n = 10) of this proportion continued exclusive breastfeeding. Inability of the babies to suck was reported by 46% (n = 30) of the mothers as being the most important challenge in breastfeeding. There was a significant correlation between the type of cleft and challenge in breastfeeding (Fisher exact P = .001). Sixty-three percent (n = 41) of the mothers reported they received no counseling on overcoming challenges associated with feeding their babies with a cleft at the facility where they delivered. Sixty-nine percent (n = 45) reported they first received nutritional information from the cleft clinic at presentation. The most adopted substitute for breastfeeding was the use of regular feeding bottles (n = 24, 43.6%). Conclusion: Rate of initiation of breastfeeding for children with orofacial clefts in this African cohort is higher than reported in other populations despite the low level of nutritional counseling of the mothers after delivery.
Association of body mass index with longitudinal rates of retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Filippatou Angeliki G , Lambe Jeffrey , Sotirchos Elias S , Fitzgerald Kathryn C , Aston Andrew , Murphy Olwen C , Pellegrini Nicole , Fioravante Nicholas , Risher Hunter , Ogbuokiri Esther , Kwakyi Ohemaa , Toliver Brandon , Davis Simidele , Luciano Nicholas , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Prince Jerry L , Mowry Ellen M , Calabresi Peter A , Saidha Shiv 
Published: April 2020

Background: Studies evaluating associations between body mass index (BMI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. Objective: To assess whether elevated BMI is associated with accelerated retinal atrophy. Methods: In this observational study, 513 MS patients were followed with serial spectral-domain OCT for a median of 4.4 years. Participants were categorized as normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI: ⩾30 kg/m2). Participants with diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled hypertension and eyes with optic neuritis (ON) ⩽6 months prior to baseline OCT or during follow-up were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed with mixed-effects linear regression. Results: Obese patients ( n = 146) exhibited accelerated rates of ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) atrophy relative to normal weight patients ( n = 214; –0.57%/year (95% confidence interval (CI): –0.65% to –0.48%) versus –0.42%/year (95% CI: –0.49% to –0.35%); p = 0.012). GCIPL atrophy rate did not differ between overweight ( n = 153) and normal weight patients (–0.47%/year vs –0.42%/year; p = 0.41). Each 1 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with accelerated GCIPL (–0.011%/year; 95% CI: –0.019% to –0.004%; p = 0.003) atrophy. Multivariable analyses accounting for age, sex, race, MS subtype, and ON history did not alter the above findings. Conclusions: Elevated BMI, in the absence of overt metabolic comorbidities, may be associated with accelerated GCIPL atrophy. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor, may be associated with accelerated neurodegeneration in MS.
Introducing Mindful Pause Practice in Sonography Education: A Strategy to Improve Classroom Presence
Authors: Michael Kim , Anderson Sharlette , Bagley Jennifer , Ellingson Stephanie , Sayles Harlan , White Robin , Custer Tanya 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The practice of mindfulness has many reported benefits. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to investigate the effect of a three-minute, instructor-led Mindful Pause Practice (MPP) in the sonography classroom over a two-semester period. Methods: Participants were students enrolled in programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs from four universities. Instructors provided MPP, and then students completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Results: A statistically significant increase in mindfulness as was seen from pre- to poststudy (3.3 vs. 3.9, P < .001). The majority of students described the MPP as a positive experience (>70%) and reported improved classroom attention and awareness (>78%). Qualitative themes of stress reduction/relaxation, improved focus/attention, and self-care were noted each semester. Self-directed MPP outside the classroom was low but did improve over time. Conclusion: The addition of a short MPP to sonography classes has positive benefits and improves student mindfulness. These findings support current literature on classroom mindfulness and add information specific to sonography education.
American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults
Authors: DeBaun M. R. , Jordan L. C. , King A. A. , Schatz J. , Vichinsky E. , Fox C. K. , McKinstry R. C. , Telfer P. , Kraut M. A. , Daraz L. , Kirkham F. J. , Murad M. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Central nervous system (CNS) complications are among the most common, devastating sequelae of sickle cell disease (SCD) occurring throughout the lifespan.Objective:These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology are intended to support the SCD community in decisions about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common neurological morbidities in SCD.Methods:The Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Research Program supported the guideline development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE evidence-to-decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations.Results:The panel placed a higher value on maintaining cognitive function than on being alive with significantly less than baseline cognitive function. The panel developed 19 recommendations with evidence-based strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat CNS complications of SCD in low-middle– and high-income settings.Conclusions:Three of 19 recommendations immediately impact clinical care. These recommendations include: use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound screening and hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention in children with hemoglobin SS (HbSS) and hemoglobin Sβ0 (HbSβ0) thalassemia living in low-middle–income settings; surveillance for developmental delay, cognitive impairments, and neurodevelopmental disorders in children; and use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain without sedation to detect silent cerebral infarcts at least once in early-school-age children and once in adults with HbSS or HbSβ0 thalassemia. Individuals with SCD, their family members, and clinicians should become aware of and implement these recommendations to reduce the burden of CNS complications in children and adults with SCD.
Impact of bone marrow biopsy on response assessment in immunochemotherapy-treated lymphoma patients in GALLIUM and GOYA
Authors: Rutherford Sarah C. , Herold Michael , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Kostakoglu Lale , Marcus Robert , Martelli Maurizio , Sehn Laurie H. , Trněný Marek , Trotman Judith , Vitolo Umberto , Nielsen Tina , Mattiello Federico , Sahin Deniz , Sellam Gila , Martin Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The utility of posttreatment bone marrow biopsy (BMB) histology to confirm complete response (CR) in lymphoma clinical trials is in question. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of BMB on response assessment in immunochemotherapy-treated patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the phase 3 Study of Obinutuzumab (RO5072759) Plus Chemotherapy in Comparison With Rituximab Plus Chemotherapy Followed by Obinutuzumab or Rituximab Maintenance in Patients With Untreated Advanced Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (GALLIUM; NCT01332968) and A Study of Obinutuzumab in Combination With CHOP Chemotherapy Versus Rituximab With CHOP in Participants With CD20-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (GOYA; NCT01287741) trials, respectively. Baseline BMB was performed in all patients, with repeat BMBs in patients with a CR by computed tomography (CT) at end of induction (EOI) and a positive BMB at baseline, to confirm response. Positron emission tomography imaging was also used in some patients to assess EOI response (Lugano 2014 criteria). Among patients with an EOI CR by CT in GALLIUM and GOYA, 2.8% and 4.1%, respectively, had a BMB-altered response. These results suggest that postinduction BMB histology has minimal impact on radiographically (CT)-defined responses in both FL and DLBCL patients. In GALLIUM and GOYA, respectively, 4.7% of FL patients and 7.1% of DLBCL patients had a repeat BMB result that altered response assessment when applying Lugano 2014 criteria, indicating that bone marrow evaluation appears to add little value to response assessment in FL; however, its evaluation may still have merit in DLBCL.
Patterns and determinants of exhaled nitric oxide trajectories in schoolchildren over a 7-year period
Authors: Garcia Erika , Zhang Yue , Rappaport Edward B. , Berhane Kiros , Muchmore Patrick , Silkoff Philip E. , Molshatzki Noa , Gilliland Frank D. , Eckel Sandrah P. 
Published: April 2020

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO50), a marker of allergic airway inflammation, is used in respiratory research and asthma clinical care; however, its trajectory with increasing age during childhood has not been well characterised. We examinedFENO50longitudinally during a period of important somatic growth to describe trajectories across childhood and adolescence in healthy participants and evaluate clinical factors as potential determinants of trajectories.FENO50was collected at six visits over 8 years in a population-based cohort of 1791 schoolchildren without asthma (median age at entry 8.4 years). Smooth sex-specificFENO50trajectories were estimated using generalised additive mixed models, with participant-level random effects. We evaluated whether sex-specific trajectories were influenced by race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) percentile, allergic rhinitis or puberty.DifferentFENO50patterns were observed by sex in later childhood and several factors were associated with eitherFENO50level or change inFENO50as participants aged.FENO50–age trajectories were similar by sex until age ∼11.5 years, after which males had greaterFENO50change than females. This divergence inFENO50–age trajectories coincides with puberty. Males with higher starting BMI percentile had attenuatedFENO50–age slopes. Among males,FENO50levels were lower in non-Hispanic white subjects. Among both sexes, participants with rhinitis had higherFENO50.FENO50levels within individuals tracked over time; however, there was considerable variation inFENO50patterns across participants.FENO50trajectories from longitudinal data provide evidence of sex differences coinciding with puberty, suggesting potential hormone link. Improved understanding of determinants ofFENO50trajectories is needed to realise the potential for using individualised predictedFENO50trajectories.