bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic Genomic Changes in the Formation of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Vidinov K. , Dodova R. , Dimitrova I. , Mitkova A. , Shinkov A. , Kaneva R. , Kovacheva R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Globally, the diffuse goiter affects more than 10% of the population and in some regions is endemic. Thyroid nodules are found in approximately 5% of the population using the oldest method for thyroid examination – palpation. When performing ultrasound screening, this percentage increases significantly and reaches between 20 and 75% of the total population. Thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy and accounts for up to 1% of all malignant tumors. It is the most common endocrine cancer and is clinically manifested as a thyroid nodule. Somatic mutations play an important role in its development. Differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is of great importance due to the different therapeutic approach. Therefore, new diagnostic tools are sought to help distinguish the two. Despite the progress in our knowledge of carcinogenesis in recent years, a number of key issues still remain unanswered. The establishment of new rare somatic mutations can improve pre-surgical diagnosis and optimize post-operative strategies for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for extensive mutation and genome rearrangements tracking. The results obtained with NGS provide the basis for the development of new approach for systematic genetic screening, at prevention, early diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and targeted therapy of this disorder.
The first general Zagreb coindex of graph operations
Authors: Berhe Belay Melaku , Wang Chunxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many chemically important graphs can be obtained from simpler graphs by applying different graph operations. Graph operations such as union, sum, Cartesian product, composition and tensor product of graphs are among the important ones. In this paper, we introduce a new invariant which is named as the first general Zagreb coindex and defined as

M
¯

1
α

(
G
)
=

∑

uv
∈
E
(

G
¯

)

[

d
G

(
u
)

α

+

d
G

(
v
)

α

]

\overline{M}^\alpha_1(G)=\Sigma_{uv\in E(\overline{G})}[d_G(u)^\alpha+d_G(v)^\alpha]

, where α ∈ ℝ, α ≠ 0. Here, we study the basic properties of the newly introduced invariant and its behavior under some graph operations such as union, sum, Cartesian product, composition and tensor product of graphs and hence apply the results to find the first general Zagreb coindex of different important nano-structures and molecular graphs.
A Research Based On POT-CAViaR Model of Extreme Risk Measure
Authors: Zhang Baoshuai , Duan Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the CAViaR model was used to measure the HS300, HSI and N225 risk levels and result showed that CAViaR model was able to measure the sample risk value at the 5% confidence level. However, at the 1% confidence level, the CAViaR model severely underestimated the sample risk value. In order to solve this question, this paper introduces the POT model and CAViaR model to construct the extreme risk measure model based on POT-CAViaR model and the test shows that the improved model can effectively improve the accuracy of extreme risk prediction and the model validity is strengthened.
When Clinical Judgement of a Heart Murmur is Wrong: A Case Report
Authors: Pop Lăcrămioara-Eliza , Butnariu Angela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) are at risk of death if not recognized and treated on time, desirable during intrauterine life or soon after birth. Case: A 6-week old infant presented for the evaluation of an innocent murmur, discovered immediately after birth and recorded by the neonatologist, family physician and pediatrician at follow-up visit. At physical examination, a grade 2/6 systolic murmur and tachycardia were observed. The electrocardiography revealed sinus tachycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography recorded multiple heart defects (three ventricular septal defects, an atrial septal defect, valvular regurgitations, impaired right heart function) and a vascular defect. Treatment consisted of surgical repair. Conclusions: The rarity of the case results from the atypical presentation of the cardiovascular defects only through an innocent heart murmur, therefore criteria requested by guidelines for evaluation through transthoracic echocardiography for the suspicion of a CHD, were not encountered and the diagnosis was delayed.
Endovascular Treatment for Common Iliac and External Iliac Extensive Calcification. A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bloj Andrei-Florin , Mărginean Lucian , Buicu Corneliu Florin , Vunvulea Vlad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an intricate and widespread pathology these days. Under some circumstances such as diabetes or other pathologies as comorbidities, PAD occurs much earlier in life. We report the case of a 55-year old male with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease with extensive calcifications of the common and external iliac artery. After repeated balloon dilatation without success we resorted to placing two balloon mounted stents with optimal results.
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinomas by Hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization, Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bloj Andrei Florin , Hălmaciu Ioana , Suciu Bogdan Andrei , Mărginean Lucian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common liver tumours. At the time of diagnosis, only 20% of patients are suitable for liver resection for curative purposes. In patients who are not suitable for surgical resection, chemoembolization of the hepatic artery is a viable therapeutic option. We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient being admitted with a diagnosis of liver tumour in the right liver lobe. Abdominal angio-CT examination revealed the existence of a tumour formation of 9x10 cm in the liver segments IV, VIII. Given the large size of the tumour, as well as the patient’s comorbidities, it was decided to practice hepatic chemoembolization with Irinotecan. The clinical evolution was favourable, the patient being discharged 48 hours after the intervention. Hepatic transarterial chemoembolization is a viable alternative in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas, which may improve the prognosis of these patients.
Oxytocin in Induction of Labor in Pregnancy with Group B Streptococcal Portage
Authors: Radu Mihaela Corina , Dumitrescu Anca Irina , Boeru Adrian Calin , Manolescu Loredana Sabina Cornelia , Dumitrescu Oana Roxana , Armean Petru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the last two decades, group B streptococcus (GBS) infection has established itself as a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify if the electively induced labor with oxytocin in women with positive cultures of Streptococcus agalactiae, namely the group B streptococcus (GBS), helps the mother and fetus and decreases the risk associated with perinatal transmission of GBS compared with the spontaneous labor. Results associated with induction of labor with oxytocin compared with spontaneous labor in pregnant women who have GBS - positive cervical cultures, are also used to determine whether induction of labor decreases the risk of complications from GBS infection.
Maturity indices of composting plant materials with Trichoderma asperellum as activator
Authors: Komolafe Adenike Fisayo , Adejuyigbe Christopher Olu , Soretire Adeniyi Adebowale , Aiyelaagbe Isaac OreOluwa Olatokunbo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compost maturity is a major factor in its use for nutrient supply without adverse effect on crop germination. Composting may be accelerated with inclusion of some microorganisms as activators. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trichoderma asperellum and length of composting of different plant materials and cattle manure on compost maturity in Ibadan, Nigeria. Composting of two plant materials with cow dung at ratio 3:1 was done in triplicate with or without Trichoderma activation to obtain twelve heaps of four different types of composts; Panicum-based compost with Trichoderma, Tridax-based compost with Trichoderma, Panicum-based compost without Trichoderma and Tridax-based compost without Trichoderma. The process was a 2×2 factorial experiment, laid out a completely randomized design. The Trichoderma activated compost (TAC) at four weeks of composting (4WC) had 56% total N, 21% organic matter, 38% total K, 51% total P and 66.6% microbial biomass N increase over non-activated compost (NAC). Carbon to nitrogen ratio was within the ideal range (10–20) in TAC while it was greater than it in NAC. Microbial biomass and lignin contents had a 56% and 41% increase, respectively, in NAC over TAC. Trichorderma-activated compost has a potential to hasten maturation and makes the compost ready for field on or before four weeks without posing a threat to crop germination.
Osmotic dehydration of apple and pear slices: color and chemical characteristics
Authors: Leahu Ana , Ghinea Cristina , Oroian Mircea-Adrian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Osmotic dehydration is the pre-treatment method of preservation the fruits and vegetables to increase their shelf life. This method consists of immersing fruits and vegetables in concentrated solutions of salt or sugar. The effect of osmotic dehydration was investigated on the color and chemical characteristics of dehydrated fruits (apple and pear) in fructose osmotic solutions. Difference in CIE-LAB, chroma - C* and hue angle H* were performed with a Chroma Meter CR-400/410. Apple (Malus domestica ‘Jonathan’) and sweet autumn pear variety (Pyrus comunis) were osmotically dehydrated in three aqueous solution of fructose (40, 60 and 80%), during 3 h of process at temperatures of 20 °C, with fruit/osmotic agent ratio of 2:1. Water loss and solids gain showed significant differences depending on the concentration of the osmotic agent and process time. The use of highly concentrated osmotic solutions induced losses of phenolic content (TPC) and ascorbic acid in the sliced apples and pears. Fructose concentration and osmosis time induce significant increase of a* and b* colorimetric parameters but did not affect the lightness (L*) of pear slices.
Effect of ethanol extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaf on some biochemical parameters of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine induced oxidative stress in albino rats
Authors: Seyifunmi Oyedele Elliot , Ajayi Ayorinde 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we attempt to verify the claim that the leaf-extract of Telfairia occidentalis can remedy oxidative damage condition as well as assess its phytochemical content. Fifteen male albino rats weighing 180 g to 240 g were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each. Group A was designated the control group while group B and C were both induced with 40 mg/kg body weight 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Group C was subsequently treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of T. occidentalis leaf for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and serum of the samples were subjected to relevant tests. Result shows that the plant leaf contained saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols whereas, terpenes, steroids and anthraquinones were not detected. The serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated from 17.43 u/L and 28.40 u/L to 21.60 u/L and 34.27 u/L respectively. These were significantly lowered in the group C to 18.37 u/L and 29.23 u/L respectively for ALT and ALP. Also, a significant lowering of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the treated group (54.33 u/mg) from 79.40 u/mg recorded in the intoxicated group. Similarly, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde was observed in the treated group (25.80 u/mg) relative to the intoxicated group (35.87 u/mg). Moreover, catalase activity in the treated group (7.43 u/mg) was significantly lower compared with the intoxicated group. Our observation confirmed that ethanolic leaf extract of T. occidentalis reversed the oxidative damage condition in albino rats. The result confirms the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of oxidative stress related diseases.
Cytotoxic effects of individual and binary combinations of zearalenone and ochratoxin a on liver
Authors: Marin D.E. , Pistol G. C. , Taranu I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Co-contamination with mycotoxin represents a serious concern for human and animal health. In this in vitro study, we investigated the combined effects of ZEA and OTA, mycotoxins which frequently contaminate cereals, in binary mixtures on the viability of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed after 24 h using a neutral red assay. An antagonistic effect was observed for binary toxins combinations affecting 25% of cell viability (CI=4.18), which turn into a synergistic effect as followed: slight at IL50 (CI=1.51), moderate at IL75 (CI=0.554) and strong at IL90 (CI=0.203). In conclusion, our results show an important additive and even synergistic cytotoxic effect of two commonly occurred mycotoxins: zearalenone and ochratoxin when they are present simultaneously in food or feed. The co-exposure to mycotoxins lead to a higher toxicity than the exposure to single toxin. Our study provides important data for mycotoxins risk assessment. In this context, a re-evaluation of the guidance levels for mycotoxins will be required in the future, in order to reduce the health risk associated with the possible consumption of mycotoxin co-contaminated food or feed.
Frequency Diagnostics of Insulating System of Power Transformers
Authors: Gutten Miroslav , Korenciak Daniel , Brncal Peter , Jarina Roman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents experimental diagnostics of the oil-paper insulating system of power transformers using progressive frequency method. The first part of the paper deals with the basic information about diagnostics of power oil transformers. The second part of the paper deals with the use of frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) for power oil transformers. This method is used in the analysis of insulating condition of power transformer with the system of oil-paper. It was found that the results of these tests are highly influenced by the operating temperature during the experimental measurement. Moisture and conductivity between the insulating transformer paper and oil in an insulating system are highly dependent on the temperature. In the other part, the paper presents experimental results of the diagnostic measurement for a real traction oil transformer at different operating temperatures and states (with oil and without). Finally, the paper presents comparative measurement among several autotransformers with the same power. In experimental measurements, the correlation between the measured values and the operational aspects of the individual oil autotransformers are shown.
Experimental Evaluation of the Shadowing of a Planar Antenna Caused by a Quadcopter Frame
Authors: Heydarov Ibrahim , Brodnevs Deniss 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of mobile data transfer can significantly increase the range of the remote-controlled operation of multirotor aerial vehicles. The planar antennas of ready-to-use 3G/LTE cellular communication dongles provide a low-cost and lightweight communication solution. In this paper, antenna shadowing caused by a quadcopter frame is experimentally investigated. The communication module is a 3G/LTE “Huawei 3372h” dongle with two planar built-in antennas and a receiver diversity function. The quadcopter frame is a widely used “F450” with Nylon arms and a PCB centre. It has been found that in order to minimize the antenna shadowing effect, planar antennas should be installed at the bottom of the frame, in parallel with the frame, with an air gap not less than the distance to the outer boundary of the reactive Near Field (NF).
Meander Conductor Shape Influence on the Electrodynamic Parameters of the Meander Structures
Authors: Belova-Plonienė Diana , Katkevičius Andrius 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Meander structures allow reducing the size of the microwave devices while keeping the same operational characteristics. The shape of meander makes a considerable impact on the operation of microwave devices. Therefore, the structure of meander is widely investigated nowadays. The review of different shapes of a meander conductor is presented in this article. Two models with different shape of connecting conductors are designed and discussed in detail. The influence of variation of the length and width of connecting conductors on the electrical parameters of the meander is revealed using the traditional model of meander. Later, the comparison of the traditional model and the model with rectangle-shape peripheral parts of a meander conductor is presented. The increase in the width of connecting conductors from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm has narrowed the bandwidth by 346 MHz until 2.388 GHz. The increase in the length of connecting conductors to 2.3 mm has allowed moving the stop-band to higher frequencies. The usage of the rectangle-shape connecting conductors slightly reduces the pass-band but allows achieving more stable input impedance.
Energy Yield Generated by a Small Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation
Authors: Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa , Rudnicka Małgorzata 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the recent years photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced a major growth, caused by the ever present annual decrease in module production prices and the expanding awareness of the general public in terms of renewable energy. There are numerous ways to implement PV modules as an additional energy source for a building, be it mounted on the rooftop, or building integrated (BIPV). An analysis of BIPV consisting of 8 modules with the power of 250 Wp each was carried out for the building of the Chemistry Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology (GUT). It included monthly irradiance and energy generation values and compared them to data obtained by the means of PV-GIS system, after inserting site specific coordinates. Additional research on the same type of a single module with the power of 270 Wp was conducted to provide more insight in this matter. A comprehensible analysis allows for defining a final conclusion for the decrease in energy yield for GUT BIPV installation. Data outputs are lower than expected based on PV-GIS values, as for the most time the facade mounted PV system experiences partial soft shading from the nearby park. Furthermore, it is not located directly facing south, but rather south-east which does not prompt ideal working conditions.
Metal Removal from Complex Copper Containing Effluents by Waste Biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zinicovscaia Inga , Yushin Nikita , Grozdov Dmitrii , Vergel Konstantin , Ostrovnaya Tatiana , Rodlovskaya Elena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, waste biomass originated from beer fermentation industry, was used to remove metal ions from four copper-containing synthetic effluents: Cu-Fe, Cu-Fe-Ni, Cu-Fe-Zn, and Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn. The characterization of the biomass surface was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for copper, iron, nickel and zinc ions in aqueous solution was studied as a function of pH, initial copper concentration, equilibrium time, and temperature. Langmiur, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich equilibrium models have been assessed to describe the experimental sorption equilibrium profile, while pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and the intra-particle diffusion models were applied to describe experimental kinetics data. Maximum sorption capacities have been calculated by means of Langmuir equilibrium model and mean free sorption energies through the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. Thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption of copper, iron and zinc was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, while of nickel exothermic. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be successfully applied for complex wastewater treatment.
Geocaching in education – a review of international experiences Part 1. Introduction: advantages and problems
Authors: Referowska-Chodak Ewa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the advantages and challenges of geocaching in education, based on a literature review. The aim is to aid the implementation of similar methods for education in Poland, in particular in the field of forest education.The most important advantages of educational geocaching include: 1) going out to the field, including direct contact with nature, which promotes positive reception by the educated and helps to shape respect and responsibility towards the environment; 2) enhancing enthusiasm and motivation to work brought about by the joy of searching for treasures, satisfaction from achievements and learning through play; 3) versatility including acquisition of multidisciplinary knowledge, developing skills, problem solving, combining theory and practice as well as physical activity. On the other hand, the problems one faces with the use of geocaching include a lack of knowledge and practice of most educators, fear and reluctance to change the traditional way of teaching, the laborious preparation of geocaching, limitations set by nature such as a short duration of some phenomena or dependence on the weather as well as the pressure on nature resulting from this educational method, which could cause or increase trampling of vegetation and erosion.In overall, due to the comprehensive advantages of educational geocaching, it should be more widely implemented in both formal and non-formal education in Poland. In the case of the latter, the extensive experience of, among others, foresters, employees of national parks or landscape parks in field education provides further support for geocaching as a useful educational tool. An additional supporting argument is the not always satisfactory effectiveness.Taking the experiences gathered in other countries into account, especially concerning potential risks and problems, as presented in this article, it is possible to take full advantage of geocaching as a tool or strategy in education, including forest education.
Simplified restructuring proceedings in Poland as an example of anti – crisis regulation due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Adamus Rafał 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The study discusses new legislative anti – crisis solutions adopted in Poland in connection with the COVID – 19 pandemic. The Polish legislator decided to introduce the so-called simplified restructuring procedure. This happened in the face of the expectations of both the jurisprudence of law and practice. On the one hand, the simplified restructuring procedure (the fifth independent type of restructuring procedure for an entrepreneur in Poland) allows for a quick, cheap and simplified conclusion of an arrangement with creditors outside the court, then approved by the court. On the other hand, the opening of such proceedings gives the debtor protection against enforcement at the creditor‘s request and against bankruptcy at the creditor‘s request. This procedure can be a testing ground for the concept of informalisation and acceleration of restructuring procedures.