bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Maternal Pulmonary Function Test Parameters on Umbilical Cord Blood Gas and the Duration of Labor
Authors: Çaltekin Melike Demir , Onat Taylan , Kırmızı Demet Aydogan , Baser Emre , İntepe Yavuz Selim , Kara Mustafa , Yalvac Ethem Serdar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between the maternal pulmonary function test (PFT) and the Apgar score of the newborn, umbilical cord blood (UCB) gas values and the duration of delivery.
Material and Methods The present study included 41 volunteer nulliparous pregnant women who presented to our obstetrics clinic and PFTs were performed by using spirometry.
Results A significant positive correlation was observed between 5th-minute Apgar scores and maternal FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) (lt), FEV1%, FVC (lt), FVC% (r=0.509, p=0.003; r=0.47, p=0.007; r=0.434, p=0.013; r=0.417, p=0.017; respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between UCB pH value and maternal FEV1 (lt), FVC (lt) (r=0.515, p=0.003; r=0.351, p=0.049; respectively).
Conclusion Our results showed that FEV1 and FVC values, which indicate maternal respiratory functions, may affect Apgar scores of the newborn and UCB gas values.
Sonoelastography to Assess Muscular Stiffness Among Older Adults and its Use for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Janczyk Ewa Magdalena , Champigny Noémie , Michel Emeline , Raffaelli Charles , Annweiler Cédric , Zory Raphael , Guérin Olivier , Sacco Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChanges in muscle stiffness have been reported with sarcopenia. Sonoelastography is an accessible and non-radiating imaging technique allowing quantification of elastic properties of tissue. We performed a systematic review of the literature to investigate whether sonoelastography can be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in older patients. We searched Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink and Science direct from January 1, 1990 to April 1, 2020. Three independent review authors assessed trial eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We intended to learn which types of elastography have been tested, if such measures are repeatable, and if they have been compared to the currently accepted diagnostic method. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Most followed a cross-sectional design with young and older adult subgroups. The gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius appeared most frequently. Nine of the included studies used shear wave elastography and one-strain elastography. The passive elastic constant was significantly greater in sarcopenic versus healthy subjects after passive stretching (124.98 ± 60.82 vs. 46.35 ± 15.85, P = 0.004). However, even in non-sarcopenic patients, the age of the patient was responsible for about 45.5 % of the variance in SWV. Among ten included articles, four reported higher stiffness in the muscles of older adults, two reported lower stiffness, and four found no significant difference. Due to the substantial heterogenicity of actual data, we could not make any conclusions about the potential usefulness of elastography to assess sarcopenia. Further studies are needed, including a larger sample of older patients and using a standardized and reproducible protocol.
Application of Azide-Tetrazole Tautomerism and Arylsulfanyl Group Dance in the Synthesis of Thiosubstituted Tetrazoloquinazolines
Authors: Novosjolova Irina , Turks Māris , Jeminejs Andris , Goliškina Svetlana M. , Stepanovs Dmitrijs , Bizdēna Ērika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 4-aryl­thio-2-chloroquinazolines and NaN3 takes place with an unusual sulfanyl group dance and leads to the formation of 5-(arylthio)tetrazolo[1,5-c]-quinazolines, which do not form the azide tautomer and do not undergo CuAAC reactions with alkynes. On the other hand, 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline (formally described as 2,4-diazidoquinazoline) undergoes regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution with thiols at C5 and forms 5-(alkyl/arylthio)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines, the structure of which has been proved by X-ray crystallography. The latter exist in tautomeric equilibrium with their 2-azidoquinazoline form, which provides possibility for copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cyclo­addition reaction, leading to the 4-alkyl/arylthio-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinazolines.
Adapting Clinical Systems to Enable Adolescents' Genomic Choices
Authors: Prows Cynthia A. , Marsolo Keith , Myers Melanie F. , Nix Jeremy , Hall Eric S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background We offered adolescents personalized choices about the type of genetic results they wanted to learn during a research study and created a workflow to filter and transfer the results to the electronic health record (EHR).
Methods We describe adaptations needed to ensure that adolescents' results documented in the EHR and returned to adolescent/parent dyads matched their choices. A web application enabled manual modification of the underlying laboratory report data based on adolescents' choices. The final PDF format of the laboratory reports was not viewable through the EHR patient portal, so an EHR form was created to support the manual entry of discrete results that could be viewed in the portal.
Results Enabling adolescents' choices about genetic results was a labor-intensive process. More than 350 hours was required for development of the application and EHR form, as well as over 50 hours of a study professional's time to enter choices into the application and EHR. Adolescents and their parents who learned genetic results through the patient portal indicated that they were satisfied with the method of return and would make their choices again if given the option.
Conclusion Although future EHR upgrades are expected to enable patient portal access to PDFs, additional improvements are needed to allow the results to be partitioned and filtered based on patient preferences. Furthermore, separating these results into more discrete components will allow them to be stored separately in the EHR, supporting the use of these data in clinical decision support or artificial intelligence applications.
Risk Factors for Central Venous Access Device-Related Thrombosis in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Lingyun , Li Wan , Su Yanan , Gao Huimin , Yang Qiuhong , Lin Pan , Wang Liqian , Zeng Jiaqi , Li Yinglan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective To identify the potential associations of patient-, treatment-, and central venous access device (CVAD)-related factors with the CVAD-related thrombosis (CRT) risk in hospitalized children.
Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database was conducted. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 statistical software were employed for data analysis.
Results In terms of patient-related factors, the patient history of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57–5.85), gastrointestinal/liver disease (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.99–3.46), hematologic disease (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06–1.99), and cancer (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.01–2.48) were correlated with an increased risk of CRT. In terms of treatment-related factors, parenteral nutrition (PN)/total PN (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21–2.39), hemodialysis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.34–3.51), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31–1.71), and cardiac catheterization (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.06–14.44) were associated with an increased CRT risk, while antibiotics (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32–0.68) was associated with a reduced CRT risk. In terms of the CVAD-related factors, CRT risk was more significantly increased by peripherally inserted central catheter than tunneled lines (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15–2.85) or totally implantable venous access port (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.41–5.60). And subclavian vein catheterization significantly contributed to a lower CRT risk than femoral vein catheterization (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.88). Besides, multiple catheter lines (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.01–5.47), multiple catheter lumens (OR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.99–6.92), central line-associated bloodstream infection (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.16), and catheter malfunction (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.07–2.54) were associated with an increased CRT risk.
Conclusion The exact identification of the effect of risk factors can boost the development of risk assessment tools with stratifying risks.
Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Effect of Enoxaparin, Heparin, and Apixaban on Mortality
Authors: Billett Henny H. , Reyes-Gil Morayma , Szymanski James , Ikemura Kenji , Stahl Lindsay R. , Lo Yungtai , Rahman Shafia , Gonzalez-Lugo Jesus D. , Kushnir Margarita , Barouqa Mohammad , Golestaneh Ladan , Bellin Eran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Mortality in coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increases in prothrombotic parameters, particularly D-dimer levels. Anticoagulation has been proposed as therapy to decrease mortality, often adjusted for illness severity.
Objective We wanted to investigate whether anticoagulation improves survival in COVID-19 and if this improvement in survival is associated with disease severity.
Methods This is a cohort study simulating an intention-to-treat clinical trial, by analyzing the effect on mortality of anticoagulation therapy chosen in the first 48 hours of hospitalization. We analyzed 3,625 COVID-19+ inpatients, controlling for age, gender, glomerular filtration rate, oxygen saturation, ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, and time period, all determined during the first 48 hours.
Results Adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in mortality with prophylactic use of apixaban (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, p = 0.001) and enoxaparin (OR = 0.49, p = 0.001). Therapeutic apixaban was also associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.57, p = 0.006) but was not more beneficial than prophylactic use when analyzed over the entire cohort or within D-dimer stratified categories. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with increased mortality (p < 0.0001). When adjusted for these same comorbidities within D-dimer strata, patients with D-dimer levels < 1 µg/mL did not appear to benefit from anticoagulation while patients with D-dimer levels > 10 µg/mL derived the most benefit. There was no increase in transfusion requirement with any of the anticoagulants used.
Conclusion We conclude that COVID-19+ patients with moderate or severe illness benefit from anticoagulation and that apixaban has similar efficacy to enoxaparin in decreasing mortality in this disease.
Imaging and dosimetric characteristics of 67 Cu
Authors: Merrick Michael J , Rotsch David A , Tiwari Ashok , Nolen Jerry , Brossard Thomas , Song Jeongseog , Wadas Thaddeus J , Sunderland John J , Graves Stephen A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years the use of beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals for cancer therapy has expanded rapidly following development of therapeutics for neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, and other oncologic malignancies. One emerging beta-emitting radioisotope of interest for therapy is 67Cu (t1/2: 2.6 d) due to its chemical equivalency with the widely-established positron-emitting isotope 64Cu (t1/2: 12.7 h). In this work we evaluate both the imaging and dosimetric characteristics of 67Cu, as well as producing the first report of SPECT/CT imaging using 67Cu. To this end, 67Cu was produced by photon-induced reactions on isotopically-enriched 68Zn at the Low-Energy Accelerator Facility (LEAF) of Argonne National Laboratory, followed by bulk separation of metallic 68Zn by sublimation and radiochemical purification by column chromatography. Gamma spectrometry was performed by efficiency-calibrated high-purity germanium (HPGe) analysis to verify absolute activity calibration and establish radionuclidic purity. Absolute activity measurements corroborated manufacturer-recommended dose-calibrator settings and no radionuclidic impurities were observed. Using the Clinical Trials Network anthropomorphic chest phantom, SPECT/CT images were acquired. Medium energy (ME) SPECT collimation was found to provide the best image quality from the primary 185 keV gamma emission of 67Cu. Reconstructed images of 67Cu were similar in quality to images acquired using 177Lu. Recovery coefficients were calculated and compared against quantitative images of 99mTc, 177Lu, and 64Cu within the same anthropomorphic chest phantom. Production and clinical imaging of 67Cu appears feasible, and future studies investigating the therapeutic efficacy of 67Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals are warranted.
Bipolaron formed through electron-hole excitation
Authors: Wu Chen-Huan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate the electronic properties and electron correlations of the bipolaron formed with the participation of electron-hole excitations in the presence of Yukawa-type coupling (between nonrelativistic fermions) in three spatial dimension. The electron-hole excitation, which is necessary to the formation of bipolaron, leads to imaginary particle-hole channel order parameter, and provide finite boson field mass to the single-polaron dispersion in a broken-symmetry phase. We found that the bipolaron exhibits fermi-liquid features as long as the long-range strong interaction is suppressed, and it behave differently compared to the single-polaron. The bosonic momentum determines the mass of boson field propagator and the gap function, and it also related to the self-energies and the single-particle Green’s functions. The Thouless criterion is also used during the calculation of gap equation at critical temperature (which becomes lower in weak-coupling regime), which corresponds to the pole (instability) of the pair propagator in zero center-of-mass freamwork. The mean field term and the bosonic fluctuation-induced contribution to free energy in Aslamazov-Larkin-type bipolaron diagram are also studied.
Magnetism and optical properties of (Fe, Ni) co-doped 3C-SiC from first principles calculation
Authors: Lin Long , Lou Mengsi , Huang Jingtao , Tao Hualong , Chen Ruixin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electronic structures, magnetic properties and optical properties of (Fe, Ni) co-doped 3C-SiC system are systematically studied based on the first principles calculation. The results show that Fe single doped, Ni single doped, and (Fe, Ni) co-doped system all induce magnetism. The most stable (Fe, Ni) co-doped systems is determined by calculating the magnetic coupling energies of ten different configuration. The (Fe, Ni) co-doped systems indicated that have a higher Curie temperature and the (1, 7) configuration significantly improves FM stability compared to other configurations. In addition, the results of the optical properties of (Fe, Ni) co-doped 3C-SiC exist absorption in the entire infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light regions, which has a substantial change compared with the undoped system. An effective way is comfirmed to improve the magnetic and optical performance of 3C-SiC.
Band-stop filter based on tunable Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency in metal-dielectric-metal waveguide coupling systems
Authors: Guo Yiyuan , Huo Yiping , Niu Qiqiang , He Qian , Hao Xiangxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) waveguide coupling systems based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are designed and studied. The finite element method is used to simulate the transmission spectra of structures in the whole simulation process. One waveguide coupling system consists of an inverted T-shaped cavity with defect (ITD) and a waveguide with a metal wall. The filter band appears in the transmission spectrum due to the opposite direction of two Fano resonances. The filter band width and the filtering range can be tuned effectively by changing the structure parameters. In this system, the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter band are 1330 nm and 114 nm, respectively. The insertion loss and reflection loss are −1.41 dB and −16.89 dB, respectively. The optimization is carried out on the basis of the first system in order to improve the filtering performance. Optimized waveguide coupling system contains an ITD and a waveguide with a slot cavity. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Fano resonance exist simultaneously, and the filter band is induced in the transmission spectrum. In this system, the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter band are 1412 nm and 120 nm, respectively. The insertion loss and reflection loss are −0.50 dB and −37.32 dB, respectively. EIT and Fano resonance can not only be regulated independently, but also be regulated simultaneously by changing the structural parameters. And the intensity of EIT and the width of the filter band can be manipulated with changes of the structural parameters. The transmission response of SPPs propagating in the structure can be adjusted dynamically. Moreover, these novel SPPs optical waveguide structures have good filtering efficiency and can meet different filtering needs. These results show that the proposed systems are promising for filter, slow light device and photonic device integration applications.
Ionizing blast waves in a non-ideal gas under isothermal flow condition: Power Series Method
Authors: Sharma Kajal , Chauhan Astha , Arora Rajan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, the propagation of blast waves in a non-ideal gas for isothermal flow with the effect of the azimuthal magnetic field is investigated. It is supposed that the magnetic field is directed orthogonally to the motion of the gas particles having zero electrical resistance. Approximate solutions are obtained analytically by expanding the flow parameters in the form of power series for the cylindrically symmetric motion using Sakurai’s technique. The flow variables are determined behind the shock. The effects of the parameter of non-idealness and the magnetic field strength on the flow density, velocity, pressure and magnetic pressure of the flow are discussed in detail and shown graphically. It is observed that an increase in the value of the parameter of non-idealness causes a decrease in the flow velocity, density and magnetic pressure, while pressure behaves reversely. The magnetic pressure and flow velocity increase with the magnetic field, while the flow density and pressure decrease with an increase in the magnetic field. Some of the applications of the present work include experiments on pinch effect, an explosion of long thin wire, and certain axially symmetric hypersonic problems.
ZnSe-based Faraday isolator for high-power mid-IR lasers
Authors: Mironov E A , Palashov O V , Snetkov I L , Balabanov S S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High-power Faraday isolators (FIs) for mid-IR radiation are of great practical importance, since they expand the capabilities of constructing optical schemes of solid state mid-IR lasers, which have progressed significantly in recent years. Isolators for high-power radiation with a wavelength of 1.5–2 µm are especially important for the solid-state lasers in order to cover the entire mid-IR range. We developed the FI for high-power mid-IR radiation based on CVD-ZnSe polycrystals and studied its characteristics. The isolation of radiation with a wavelength of 1940 nm was demonstrated. No thermally induced depolarization effects were observed for radiation with a wavelength of 1940 nm up to 20 W. For studying the limitations of the isolator in terms of operating power, experiments with more powerful radiation at a wavelength of 1075 nm were performed. Estimates show the possibility of isolating radiation with a power of up to 200 W with the isolation ratio of the device of ∼25 dB. Ways to improve the device are discussed. The level of cold depolarization can be reduced, by annealing the magneto-optical elements. The device can be compactified by using a different optical isolation scheme and a different organization of the magnetic system. This path will also allow compensating thermally induced depolarization and, according to the estimates, will ensure the isolation of mid-IR radiation of a kilowatt power level.
Photoluminescence and laser properties of active media based on ZnSe doped with Cr, Al, Na from spray pyrolysis deposited films
Authors: Savin D V , Tomilova T S , Kurashkin S V , Ikonnikov V B , Gavrishchuk E M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The prospects for using multicomponent films produced by aerosol spray pyrolysis for doping bulk ZnSe crystals with optically and electrically active impurities are shown for the first time. Lasing was obtained on ZnSe:Cr active elements doped during hot isostatic pressing treatment from CrS and CdS:Cr films. The lasing efficiency with respect to the absorbed radiation energy at a wavelength of 1.94 μm was about 54% for ZnSe:Cr doped from CrS film and 50% for ZnSe:Cr doped from CdS:Cr film, respectively. The luminescence and lasing characteristics of ZnSe:Cr active elements co-doped with Al and Na impurities were investigated. A high diffusion rate of Cr2+ ions into polycrystalline ZnSe doping process from sulfide films was observed.
Natural forests loss and tree plantations: large-scale tree cover loss differentiation in a threatened biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Altamirano Adison , Miranda Alejandro , Aplin Paul , Carrasco Jaime , Catalán Germán , Cayuela Luis , Fuentes-Castillo Taryn , Hernández Angela , Martínez-Harms María J , Peluso Franco , Prado Marco , Reyes-Riveros Rosa , Van Holt Tracy , Vergara Cristian , Zamorano-Elgueta Carlos , Di Bella Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Distinguishing between natural forests from exotic tree plantations is essential to get an accurate picture of the world’s state of forests. Most exotic tree plantations support lower levels of biodiversity and have less potential for ecosystem services supply than natural forests, and differencing them is still a challenge using standard tools. We use a novel approach in south-central of Chile to differentiate tree cover dynamics among natural forests and exotic tree plantations. Chile has one of the world’s most competitive forestry industry and the region is a global biodiversity hotspot. Our collaborative visual interpretation method combined a global database of tree cover change, remote sensing from high-resolution satellite images and expert knowledge. By distinguishing exotic tree plantation and natural forest loss, we fit spatially explicit models to estimate tree-cover loss across 40 millions of ha between 2000 and 2016. We were able to distinguish natural forests from exotic tree plantations with an overall accuracy of 99% and predicted forest loss. Total tree cover loss was continuous over time, and the disaggregation revealed that 1 549 909 ha of tree plantations were lost (mean = 96 869 ha year−1), while 206 142 ha corresponded to natural forest loss (mean = 12 884 ha year−1). Mostly of tree plantations lost returned to be plantation (51%). Natural forests were converted mainly (75%) to transitional land covers (e.g. shrubland, bare land, grassland), and an important proportion of these may finish as tree plantation. This replacement may undermine objectives of increasedcarbon storage and biodiversity. Tree planting as a solution has gained increased attention in recen years with ambitious commitments to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, negative outcomes for the environment could result if strategies incentivize the replacement of natural forests into other land covers. Initiatives to reduce carbon emissions should encourage differentiating natural forests from exotic tree plantations and pay more attention on protecting and managing sustainably the former.