bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of an online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors (iBoneFIT): study protocol of a multi-centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gil-Cosano Jose J. , Ubago-Guisado Esther , Sánchez Maria J. , Ortega-Acosta Maria J. , Mateos Maria E. , Benito-Bernal Ana I. , Llorente-Cantarero Francisco J. , Ortega Francisco B. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Labayen Idoia , Martinez-Vizcaino Vicente , Vlachopoulos Dimitris , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Muñoz-Torres Manuel , Pascual-Gázquez Juan F. , Vicho-González Maria C. , Gracia-Marco Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
New approaches on paediatric cancer treatment aim to maintain long-term health. As a result of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery, paediatric cancer survivors tend to suffer from any chronic health condition. Endocrine dysfunction represents one of the most common issues and affects bone health. Exercise is key for bone mass accrual during growth, specifically plyometric jump training. The iBoneFIT study will investigate the effect of a 9-month online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors. This study will also examine the effect of the intervention on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, calcium intake, vitamin D, blood samples quality of life and mental health.

Methods
A minimum of 116 participants aged 6 to 18 years will be randomized into an intervention (n = 58) or control group (n = 58). The intervention group will receive an online exercise programme and diet counselling on calcium and vitamin D. In addition, five behaviour change techniques and a gamification design will be implemented in order to increase the interest of this non-game programme. The control group will only receive diet counselling. Participants will be assessed on 3 occasions: 1) at baseline; 2) after the 9 months of the intervention; 3) 4 months following the intervention. The primary outcome will be determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the hip structural analysis, trabecular bone score and 3D-DXA softwares. Secondary outcomes will include anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, blood samples, quality of life and mental health.

Discussion
Whether a simple, feasible and short in duration exercise programme can improve bone health has not been examined in paediatric cancer survivors. This article describes the design, rationale and methods of a study intended to test the effect of a rigorous online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors. If successful, the iBoneFIT study will contribute to decrease chronic health conditions in this population and will have a positive impact in the society.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered in isrctn.com: isrctn61195625. Registered 2 April 2020.
Associations between air pollution and outpatient visits for arrhythmia in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Mingwei , Chen Juan , Zhang Zhi , Yu Ping , Gan Wentao , Tan Zhaoming , Bao Junzhe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Arrhythmia is a common cardiovascular event that is associated with increased cardiovascular health risks. Previous studies that have explored the association between air pollution and arrhythmia have obtained inconsistent results, and the association between the two in China is unclear.

Methods
We collected daily data on air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2016, along with daily outpatient visits for arrhythmia in Hangzhou, China. We used a quasi-Poisson regression along with a distributed lag nonlinear model to study the association between air pollution and arrhythmia morbidity.

Results
The results of the single-pollutant model showed that each increase of 10 μg/m3 of Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Coarse particulate matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) resulted in increases of 0.6% (− 0.9, 2.2%), 0.7% (− 0.4, 1.7%), 11.9% (4.5, 19.9%), 6.7% (3.6, 9.9%), and − 0.9% (− 2.9, 1.2%), respectively, in outpatient visits for arrhythmia; each increase of 1 mg/m3 increase of carbon monoxide (CO) resulted in increase of 11.3% (− 5.9, 31.6%) in arrhythmia. The short-term effects of air pollution on arrhythmia lasted 3 days, and the most harmful effects were observed on the same day that the pollution occurred. Results of the subgroup analyses showed that SO2 and NO2 affected both men and women, but differences between the sexes were not statistically significant. The effect of SO2 on the middle-aged population was statistically significant. The effect of NO2 was significant in both the young and middle-aged population, and no significant difference was found between them. Significant effects of air pollution on arrhythmia were only detected in the cold season. The results of the two-pollutants model and the single-pollutant model were similar.

Conclusions
SO2 and NO2 may induce arrhythmia, and the harmful effects are primarily observed in the cold season. There is no evidence of PM2.5, PM10, CO and O3 increasing arrhythmia risk. Special attention should be given to sensitive populations during the high-risk period.
A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude, and willingness to engage in spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions by Korean consumers
Authors: Kim Seungyeon , Yu Yun Mi , You Myoungsoon , Jeong Kyeong Hye , Lee Euni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous reporting (SR) of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from patients can be considered as a valuable activity providing both objective and subjective data. However, improving the rate of under-reporting has been a major challenge to ensure successful operation of the SR system. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and intent to report ADRs and explore the factors contributing to consumers’ reporting intent in South Korea.

Methods
Self-administered questionnaire was collected from a sex-, age-, and regionally stratified nationwide convenience sample of consumers using a commercial panel in December 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors contributing to the intent to report ADRs by consumers.

Results
A total of 1000 respondents were enrolled in the survey; 50.9% were males and the mean age was 44.4 (standard deviation, 13.3) years. While less than 15% of the respondents were aware of the SR system and even fewer (3.4%) had actual experience of SR, however, 59.2% expressed their intent to report ADRs. The positive attitude (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.972, p < 0.001), awareness of the SR system (aOR 2.102, p < 0.01), self-efficacy for SR (aOR 1.956, p < 0.001), and experiences related to ADR counselling with healthcare professionals (OR 2.318, p < 0.001) are the significant factors contributing to reporting intent.

Conclusions
Findings of this study highlight the need for increasing the awareness of the SR system among consumers and empowering them to report ADRs by themselves, which would ultimately improve the drug-safety environment.
Inhibition of overexpressed Kv3.4 augments HPV in endotoxemic mice
Authors: Turzo Maurizio , Metzger Karin , Lasitschka Felix , Weigand Markus A. , Busch Cornelius J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a reaction of the pulmonary vasculature upon hypoxia, diverting blood flow into ventilated areas to preserve oxygenation. It is impaired in endotoxemia or ARDS. Voltage gated potassium channels have been shown to play a key role in the regulation of HPV. The aim of the study was to identify a voltage gated potassium channel involved in dysregulated HPV during endotoxemia.

Methods
Lungs of male C57BL/6 mice with and without endotoxemia (n = 6 ea. group) were analyzed for Kv3.4 gene and protein expression. HPV was examined in isolated perfused lungs of mice with and without endotoxemia and with and without selective Kv3.4 blocker BDS-I (n = 7 ea. group). Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pressure-flow curves were measured during normoxic (FiO2 0.21) and hypoxic (FiO2 0.01) ventilation. HPV was quantified as the increase in perfusion pressure in response to hypoxia in percent of baseline perfusion pressure (ΔPAP) in the presence and absence of BDS-I.

Results
Kv3.4 gene (3.2 ± 0.5-fold, p < 0.05) and protein (1.5 ± 0.1-fold p < 0.05) expression levels were increased in endotoxemic mouse lungs. Endotoxemia reduced HPV (∆PAP control: 121.2 ± 8.7% vs. LPS 19.5 ± 8.0%, means ± SEM) while inhibition of Kv3.4 with 50 nM BDS-I augmented HPV in endotoxemic but not in control lungs (∆PAP control BDS-I: 116.6 ± 16.0% vs. LPS BDS-I 84.4 ± 18.2%, means ± SEM).

Conclusions
Kv3.4 gene and protein expressions are increased in endotoxemic mouse lungs. Selective inhibition of Kv3.4 augments HPV in lungs of endotoxemic mice, but not in lungs of control mice.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia using 3-dimensional computed tomography: a prospective study
Authors: Waratani Miyoko , Ito Fumitake , Tanaka Yukiko , Mabuchi Aki , Mori Taisuke , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFetal skeletal dysplasia (FSD) comprises a complex group of systemic bone and cartilage disorders. Many FSD phenotypes have indistinct definitions, making definitive prenatal diagnosis difficult. The condition is typically diagnosed using sonography; however, three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) also aids in making a prenatal diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of 3D-CT in the prenatal diagnosis of FSD by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of fetal sonography and 3D-CT.MethodsOn suspicion of FSD based on ultrasound examination, we performed 3D-CT prenatally to obtain detailed skeletal information on FSD. To minimize exposure of the fetuses to radiation without compromising image quality, we used predetermined 3D-CT settings for volume acquisition.ResultsNineteen fetuses were suspected of having skeletal dysplasia based on ultrasonography findings. Of these, 17 were diagnosed with FSD using 3D-CT. All 17 fetuses diagnosed with FSD prenatally were confirmed postnatally to have the condition. The postnatal diagnosis (campomelic dysplasia) differed from the prenatal diagnosis (osteogenesis imperfecta) in only one infant. Sixteen cases (94.1%) were diagnosed both prenatally and postnatally with FSD. Five infants had lethal skeletal dysplasia; one died in utero, and four died as neonates. We determined the appropriate delivery method for each infant based on the prenatal diagnosis.Conclusions3D-CT is a valuable tool for augmenting ultrasound examinations in the diagnosis of FSD. While improving the diagnostic tool of sonography is essential in cases of suspected FSD, 3D-CT imaging is indispensable for diagnosis and classification, enabling better planning for resuscitation of the infant after birth.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center trial registration number isUMIN000034744. Registered 1 October, 2018 – Retrospectively registered.
Association between anterior bone loss and anterior heterotopic ossification in hybrid surgery
Authors: He Junbo , Liu Hao , Wu Tingkui , Ding Chen , Huang Kangkang , Hong Ying , Wang Beiyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Hybrid surgery (HS) has become an alternative procedure for the treatment of multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease with satisfactory outcomes. However, some adverse outcomes have recently emerged, such as heterotopic ossification (HO) and anterior bone loss (ABL). Furthermore, HO was found mostly located in the posterior and lateral of the cervical intervertebral disc space. The mechanism of anterior heterotopic ossification (AHO) formation may be different, and its relationship with ABL was uncertain.

Methods
Radiographical and clinical outcomes of ninety-seven patients who had undergone contiguous two-level HS between December 2010 and December 2017 and with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were analyzed. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated and compared to the initial postoperative films to determine the incidence of ABL and AHO.

Results
The overall incidence rate of ABL was 44.3% (43/97). It was identified in 70.6% of AHO cases (33.3% mild, 41.7% moderate, 25.0% severe) and 38.8% of non-AHO cases (38.7% mild, 45.2% moderate, 16.1% severe). A significant association between ABL and AHO occurrence was found (P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in prosthesis–endplate depth ratio or disc space angle change between the AHO group and the non-AHO group (P > 0.05). Compared with data preoperatively, clinical outcome scores significantly improved after surgery in both the AHO and non-AHO groups, with no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
ABL was common in HS, and it related to AHO. The formation of AHO could be an integral part of postoperative bone remodeling, as well as ABL.
Diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, classification and total hip arthroplasty in patients with long-term unreduced hip joint dislocation, secondary osteoarthritis and pseudoarthrosis
Authors: Liu Bo , Wu Zhaoke , Zhuang Zhikun , Liu Sikai , Li Huijie , Han Yongtai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeglected long-term unreduced hip joint dislocation with secondary osteoarthritis and pseudoarthrosis poses a great challenge to hip surgeons. However, as this is an uncommon injury, few studies have systematically investigated these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 16 patients from 2010 to 2017. The diagnostic values of three different types of common radiological examinations were evaluated. We evaluated the bone conditions of the original acetabulum and classified the patients into three types (four subtypes). The surgical procedures and prognosis of the patients were also investigated.ResultsWith the combined application of X-ray, CT scans and 3D reconstruction, 93.8% of these patients (sensitivity = 93.8%, Youden’s index = 0.93, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95) could be diagnosed correctly. There were 6/16 (37.5%) type A patients, 4/16 (25.0%) type B1 patients, 5/16 (31.3%) type B2 patients and 1/16 (6.3%) type C patient. For patients with type A injury, the surgical procedures for total hip arthroplasty were similar to “standard” total hip arthroplasty. For patients with type B injury, due to atrophy or partial bone deficiency of the original acetabulum, the surgical procedure for total hip arthroplasty was probably similar to those for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. For patients with type C injury, the situation was similar to that of revision surgery. The average Harris hip score postoperatively was 89.94 ± 5.78 points (range: 79–98 points).ConclusionsThe new classification system could help surgeons estimate potential difficulties during total hip arthroplasty. The prognosis of most patients after total hip arthroplasty is expected to be excellent or good.
Semi-embedded valve anastomosis a new anti-reflux anastomotic method after proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Wang Baohua , Wu Yupeng , Wang Haijun , Zhang Haiqiang , Wang Liting , Zhang Zhanxue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a high probability of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction (AEG). Various anti-reflux anastomotic methods are emerging in clinical practice; however, none of them have been widely accepted. We have innovated a new type of anti-reflux anastomotic method, named semi-embedded valve anastomosis. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and anti-reflux effect of the new anastomotic method.

Methods
The clinical data of 28 patients with Siewert II AEG who were treated by semi-embedded valve anastomosis were collected. The key point of the operation is to reconstruct a simulated valve and form an anti-reflux barrier similar to the physiological mechanism. The gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) and classification of gastroesophageal reflux under electron microscopy were used to evaluate gastroesophageal reflux after the operation.

Results
The mean operative duration was 164.3 ± 19.0 min, the median intraoperative haemorrhage volume was 65 ml, the average number of lymph nodes dissected was 23 ± 2.6, the time for valve construction was 15.8 ± 3.2 min, the time for anastomotic reconstruction was 35.4 ± 4.8 min, the median time to first flatus was 3 d, and the median hospitalization duration was 12 d. There was one case of postoperative anastomotic stenosis. The GerdQ score [median (range)] was as follows: 2 (0–6), preoperation; 0 (0–8), 1 month postoperation; 2 (0–12), 3 months postoperation; and 3 (0–12), 6 months postoperation. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was carried out at different times after the operation and the day before the operation, and the differences were not significant. There was one case of grade B gastroesophageal reflux according to the Los Angeles classification system among the gastrofibroscopic re-examination reports of 28 cases.

Conclusion
Semi-embedded valve anastomosis is safe and feasible after proximal gastrectomy for Siewert II AEG and has good anti-reflux effects.
Prostate artery embolization has long term efficacy for treatment of severe lower urinary tract symptoms from giant prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Somwaru Alexander S. , Metting Stephen , Flisnik Laura M. , Nellamattathil Michael G. , Sharma Arjun , Katabathina Venkat S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from giant prostatic hyperplasia (GPH): prostate volume greater than 200 mL that do not respond to medical therapy may not be eligible for surgical treatments due to morbidities, technical challenges, and patient preference. This retrospective investigation examined the long-term efficacy and safety of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) as a treatment option for severe LUTS due to GPH in a large patient cohort.

Methods
Of 529 patients who underwent PAE between January 2016 and January 2020, 72 patients had severe LUTS from GPH and were retrospectively evaluated. PAE was performed with two embolic agents in sequence: 100–250 μm particles followed by 2 mm and 3 mm coils. Clinical assessment was performed with international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), peak flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume (PVR), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements before and 12 months and 24 months after PAE. Prostate volume (PV) was measured by multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and 12 months and 24 months after PAE.

Results
Patients with severe LUTS from GPH experienced significant clinical improvements in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, PVR, PSA, and PV at 12 months and 24 months after PAE. Mean IPSS decreased from 26.5 to 18.0 (P < 0.01) to 10.5 (P < 0.01). Mean QoL decreased from 6.0 to 4.0 (P < 0.01) to 2.0 (P < 0.01). Mean Qmax increased from 8.0 to 14 mL/s (P < 0.01) to 18 mL/s (P < 0.01). Mean PVR decreased from 198.0 to 152.0 mL (P < 0.01) to 90 mL (P < 0.01). Mean PV decreased from 303.0 mL to 258.0 mL (P < 0.01) to 209.0 mL (P < 0.01). Mean PSA decreased from 11.2 ng/mL to 9.5 ng/mL (P < 0.05) to 7.9 ng/mL (P < 0.05). No major complications occurred.

Conclusions
PAE is a safe treatment with long term efficacy for severe LUTS from GPH. PAE may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with severe LUTS from GPH whom fail medical therapy and are not candidates for surgical treatments.
The influence of mixing international and domestic students on competency learning in small groups in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Zhou Yan , Diemers Agnes D. , Brouwer Jasperina , Muntinghe Friso L. H. , Duvivier Robbert J. , Pols Jan , Jaarsma A. Debbie C. , Bos Nicolaas A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Medical curricula are increasingly internationalized, with international students being mixed with domestic students in small group learning. Small group learning is known to foster competency learning in undergraduate medical education, specifically Communication, Collaboration, Leadership, and Professionalism. However, it is unclear what happens with the learning of competencies when international students are introduced in small groups. This study explores if students in international small groups master the competencies Collaboration, Leadership and Professionalism at the same level as students in domestic groups in an undergraduate medical curriculum.

Method
In total, 1215 Students of three academic year cohorts participated in the study. They were divided into four learning communities (LCs), per year cohort, in which tutor groups were the main instructional format. The tutorials of two learning communities were taught in English, with a mix of international and Dutch students. The tutorials of the other two learning communities were taught in Dutch with almost all domestic students. Trained tutors assessed three competencies (Collaboration, Leadership, Professionalism) twice per semester, as ‘Not-on-track’, ‘On-track’, or ‘Fast-on-track’. By using Chi-square tests, we compared students’ competencies performance twice per semester between the four LCs in the first two undergraduate years.

Results
The passing rate (‘On-track’ plus ‘Fast-on-track’) for the minimum level of competencies did not differ between the mixed and domestic groups. However, students in the mixed groups received more excellent performance evaluations (‘Fast-on-track’) than the students in the homogenous groups of Dutch students. This higher performance was true for both international and Dutch students of the mixed groups. Prior knowledge, age, gender, and nationality did not explain this phenomenon. The effect could also not be explained by a bias of the tutors.

Conclusion
When students are educated in mixed groups of international and Dutch students, they can obtain the same basic competency levels, no matter what mix of students is made. However, students in the mixed international groups outperformed the students in the homogenous Dutch groups in achieving excellent performance scores. Future research should explore if these findings can be explained from differences in motivation, perceived grading or social network interactions.