bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2020 Pandemic: Economic repercussions and policy responses
Authors: Orlowski Lucjan T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the economic and financial repercussions of the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic. It argues that the pandemic has inflicted serious injuries to the labor force but has not damaged the physical capital stock. Therefore, the resolution policies of this crisis ought to be carefully tailored to supporting structural adjustments to the labor market. The analysis asserts that the impact of the pandemic crisis is exacerbated by the identification gap between the unobserved and the officially reported cases of COVID‐19. The gap increases financial risks, including market‐, credit‐, default‐, and foreign exchange risks.
The role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of sinonasal inverted papilloma: a narrative review
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Rady Peter L. , Sikora Andrew G. , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: October 2020

SummarySinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) are rare tumours arising from the nasal epithelial mucosa. Most lesions are benign, but a subset of IPs progress to dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Although the epidemiology and clinical features of IPs are well known, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Given the established role of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the formation of other mucosal tumours including cervical and oropharyngeal cancer, some have suggested the virus may play a role in IP development. However, the association between HPV and IPs has not yet been proven, and the variable detection of HPV DNA in IPs has cast uncertainty on whether the virus plays a major role in pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize early clinical reports and synthesize recent studies that may elucidate the association between HPV and IPs. We also discuss the role HPV may have in the progression of benign IP to dysplasia and malignancy, as well as potential pathological mechanisms. We hope that synthesizing the initial and recent studies on this topic will not only lead to a better understanding of research in the role of HPV in IP development, but also help guide and contextualize future studies.
Auxiliary model multiinnovation stochastic gradient parameter estimation methods for nonlinear sandwich systems
Authors: Xu Ling , Ding Feng , Yang Erfu 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article studies the identification problem of the nonlinear sandwich systems. For the sandwich system, because there are inner variables which cannot be measured in the information vector of the identification models, it is difficult to identify the nonlinear sandwich systems. In order to overcome the difficulty, an auxiliary model is built to predict the estimates of inner variables by means of the output of the auxiliary model. For the purpose of employing the real‐time observed data, a cost function with dynamical data is constructed to capture on‐line information of the nonlinear sandwich system. On this basis, an auxiliary model stochastic gradient identification approach is proposed based on the gradient optimization. Moreover, an auxiliary model multiinnovation stochastic gradient estimation method is developed, which tends to enhance estimation accuracy by introducing more observed data dynamically. The numerical simulation is provided and the simulation results show that the proposed auxiliary model identification method is effective for the nonlinear sandwich systems.
Performance of ensemble‐learning models for predicting eutrophication in Zhuyi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Hu Mingming , Wang Yuchun , Sun Zhiyu , Su Yuming , Li Shanze , Bao Yufei , Wen Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEutrophication and sporadic algal blooms occurring in the tributary bays of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Hubei, China, have become major environmental issues following impoundment. However, predicting eutrophication with traditional methods based on monthly monitoring data remains challenging. In order to explore the potential of data‐driven models in eutrophication prediction and establish reliable prediction data‐driven model based on monthly monitoring data. In this study, two ensemble‐learning models, random forests (RF) and gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT), were used to predict eutrophication in Zhuyi Bay. To address the target, three objectives were solved. First, RF and GBDT used to regress chlorophyll‐a concentrations showed good model fit across two monitoring data sets, with R2 values of 0.809 and 0.822 for RF and 0.824 and 0.828 for GBDT. Second, the relative variable importance plots computed by ensemble‐learning models was calculated for selecting monitoring parameters and identify drivers of eutrophication. To improve model fit, it was more important to monitor key parameters of eutrophication (such as water transparency) than to increase sample size. Third, K‐Means++ modelling was used to partition eutrophication data into discrete levels. For three eutrophication levels, the classification accuracies of RF and GBDT were 0.8936 and 0.9064, respectively. When using only two eutrophication levels, accuracies for both models increased to 0.9617. This study suggests that ensemble‐learning models, and in particular GBDT (firstly used in eutrophication), show excellent fitting ability for eutrophication compared with other machine‐learning models and provided reliable eutrophication prediction method based on monthly monitoring data.
Tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cell-dependent osteogenesis in highly porous chitosan-based bone analogs
Authors: Midha Swati , Jain Krishan G. , Bhaskar Nitu , Kaur Amtoj , Rawat Sonali , Giri Shibashish , Basu Bikramjit , Mohanty Sujata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Among conventional fabrication techniques, freeze-drying process has widely been investigated for polymeric implants. However, the understanding of the stem cell progenitor-dependent cell functionality modulation and quantitative analysis of early osseointegration of highly porous scaffolds have not been explored. Here, we developed a novel, highly porous, multimaterial composite, chitosan/hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (CHT/HA/PCL). The in vitro studies have been performed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from three tissue sources: human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), and Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). Although cell attachment and metabolic activity [3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-(2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide) assay] were ore enhanced in WJ-MSC-laden CHT/HA/PCL composites, scanning electron microscopy, real-time gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], collagen type I [Col I], osteocalcin [OCN], and bone morphogenetic protein 4 [BMP-4]), and immunostaining (COL I, β-CATENIN, OCN, and SCLEROSTIN [SOST]) demonstrated pronounced osteogenesis with terminal differentiation on BM-MSC-laden CHT/HA/PCL composites only. The enhanced cell functionality on CHT/HA/PCL composites was explained in terms of interplay among the surface properties and the optimal source of MSCs. In addition, osteogenesis in rat tibial model over 6 weeks confirmed a better ratio of bone volume to the total volume for BM-MSC-laden composites over scaffold-only and defect-only groups. The clinically conformant combination of 3D porous architecture with pore sizes varying in the range of 20 to 200  μm together with controlled in vitro degradation and early osseointegration establish the potential of CHT/HA/PCL composite as a potential cancellous bone analog.
Genetic association studies with bivariate mixed responses subject to measurement error and misclassification
Authors: Zhang Qihuang , Yi Grace Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn genetic association studies, mixed effects models have been widely used in detecting the pleiotropy effects which occur when one gene affects multiple phenotype traits. In particular, bivariate mixed effects models are useful for describing the association of a gene with a continuous trait and a binary trait. However, such models are inadequate to feature the data with response mismeasurement, a characteristic that is often overlooked. It has been well studied that in univariate settings, ignorance of mismeasurement in variables usually results in biased estimation. In this paper, we consider the setting with a bivariate outcome vector which contains a continuous component and a binary component both subject to mismeasurement. We propose an induced likelihood approach and an EM algorithm method to handle measurement error in continuous response and misclassification in binary response simultaneously. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed methods successfully remove the bias induced from the response mismeasurement.
A Ligand‐Doped Silver Triazolate MOF on the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium via Anion Exchange
Authors: Miao Huixia , Hou Hongwei , Zhang Wenhua , Yang Guang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA ligand‐doped silver triazolate MOF{[Ag8(Ph2tz)5.6(tBu2tz)0.4](BF4)2(H2O)6} (AgTz‐1/2, Ph2tzH=3,5‐di‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole; tBu2tzH=3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2,4‐triazole), was successfully synthesized by the use of solid solution approach and characterized by different techniques. The obtained material featuring good thermal and chemical stability is isostrutural with an earlier reported MOF {[Ag8(Ph2tz)6](BF4)2(H2O)3} (AgTz‐1). The study on the diclofenac sodium (DCF) adsorption from water by AgTz‐1/2 at higher pH value (pH=10) shows better efficiency in comparison with the parent MOF AgTz‐1. Especially, using AgTz‐1/2 as the adsorbent, the adsorption capacity at low concentration as well as the reaction rate is remarkable among those reported traditional and MOF materials. Anion‐exchange between BF4− and anionic DCF play a vital role on the adsorption. More importantly, the used AgTz‐1/2 adsorbent can be well regenerated and reused for the next four cycles of DCF adsorption while maintaining the structural integrity and the removal efficiency.
A Novel Low‐Cost Approach to Chloromethylated MIL‐101(Cr) Using p‐Xylene as Starting Material
Authors: Gholipour Fatemeh , Rahmani Mohammad , Panahi Farhad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chloromethylation of MIL‐101(Cr) was achieved via pre‐synthesis modification approach starting from p‐xylene as starting material, for the first time. A low‐cost three‐step procedure including chloromethylation of p‐xylene, oxidation of chloromethylated p‐xylene to form chloromethylated terephthalic acid and hydrothermal formation of metal organic framework was applied to synthesize chloromethylated MIL‐101(Cr). The main advantage of this new protocol is the elimination of methoxyacetyl chloride as an expensive reagent which was previously used for the chloromethylation step. Different techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, GC‐Mass analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and N2 sorption measurement confirmed the successful formation of MIL‐101(Cr) and chloromethylated MIL‐101(Cr).
The Charge Transfer Complex Formed between the Components of Photopolymer Material as an Internal Sensitizer of Spectral Sensitivity
Authors: Derevyanko Dmitry I. , Shelkovnikov Vladimir V. , Kovalskii Victor Y. , Zilberberg Igor L. , Aliev Sergei I. , Orlova Natalya A. , Ugozhaev Vladimir D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA photosensitive charge transfer complex (CTC) is formed between the components of the photopolymer material: the tetra–acrylate monomer synthesized from dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide (TADDS) and a photoinitiator, a cationic sulfonium salt synthesized from diethylthioxanthen‐9‐one (SSDETX). It allows one to perform laser recording of the microstructures in the hybrid photopolymer material using absorption of CTC at λ=473 nm. The 1 : 1 molecular composition of CTC was confirmed by applying the Job's method of continuous variation to determine the stoichiometry. The association constant (KAS(278°K)=17 L mol−1) was calculated using the modified Benesi‐Hildebrand equation. The thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy (ΔH=−15.63 kJ mol), entropy (ΔS°=−32.6 J mol−1 K−1), and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG=−6.63 kJ mol−1) were calculated using the Van't Hoff equation. These results indicate that CTC formation is an exothermic reaction. The experimental findings were supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) study of CTCs at the UB3LYP/6‐311G level as implemented in the Gaussian 09 software package. Charge transfer excitations were simulated by means of the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach. The DFT‐calculated spectra agree with the experimental data of spectral and photochemical properties of the [SSDETX‐TADDS] CTC.
Two‐Fragment‐Dummy‐Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Mn Doped ZnS Quantum Dots Based Room‐Temperature Phosphorescene Probing for Hepatotoxic Homologues of Microcystin
Authors: Li Yanyue , You Jiaqi , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu , Zhou Jiangang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFragment‐dummy‐template molecularly imprinted polymers‐Mn doped ZnS QDs (FMIP−Mn doped ZnS QDs) were synthesized by surface imprinting technique and specifically recognize microcystin (MC), especially MC‐LR, MC‐RR and MC‐YR. Pentylbenzene and L‐arginine were used as fragment dummy template of MC to form specific recognition site cavity. The introduction of dummy template reduced the toxicity and cost of MC as template in the synthesis process. When MC was added to the FMIP, the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) intensity is quenched regularly, thereby achieving the effect of detecting MC. The two‐fragment‐dummy‐template molecularly imprinted polymers‐Mn doped ZnS QDs (FMIP‐1) have distinct linearly RTP quenching toward MC in the concentration range of 0.0025‐0.0175 nM. The linear relationship between ΔP/P0 and CMC‐LR, CMC‐YR and CMC‐RR were observed with the regression equation ΔP/P0=0.0150+24.70CMC‐LR, ΔP/P0=0.0995+21.38CMC‐YR, and ΔP/P0=0.101+16.96CMC‐RR (where concentration was in nM), with the detection limit of 0.25 pM, 1 pM and 0.6 pM, respectively. This method was applied to detect MC in water and freshwater products. The method have the potential for effective detection of other harmful substances in the complicated matrix.
A Harmonized Applied and Theoretical Exploration for Nanomolar Level Recognition of Perilous F− and CN− by Multichannel Chemosensor: Proposition of Hg2+‐Mediated Logic Gate Imitator
Authors: Mondal Amita , Hazra Abhijit , Chakrabarty Jitamanyu , Murmu Naresh C. , Banerjee Priyabrata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn inimitable Schiff‐base chemosensor PMA (9‐anthracenecarboxaldehyde pentafluorophenylhydrazone) was premeditated and implicated with the aim of detecting F− and CN− in semi‐aqueous medium. Highly photostable, multichannel sensory probe, PMA (with 31 % quantum yield) exhibited amusing sensing efficiency towards F− and CN− by dint of colorimetric, fluorimetric as well as electrochemical alterations, with a very low detection limit (76 nM for F− and 92 nM CN−). However, all the experimental outcomes evidenced PMA to be more sensitive towards F− than CN− owing to the more electronegativity and smaller size of F−. The spectroscopic characterizations of the chemosensor along with the sensing studies were performed by more than a few erudite analytical tools, whereas the theoretical calculations also substantiated the experimental consequences. Here the thorough investigation on the theoretical aspect was performed to ensure the effective and plausible reason behind different sensitivity towards these two perilous anions. Moreover, the recyclability of PMA upon simultaneous addition of F−/CN− and Hg2+ also helped to intend a three input logical circuitry.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation ofN‐Benzyl Linoleamide Analogues fromTropaeolum tuberosumas NF‐κB Inhibitors and Nrf2 Activators
Authors: Apaza Ticona Luis , Tena Pérez Víctor , Serban Andreea Madalina , Sánchez‐Corral Javier , Rumbero Sánchez Ángel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNineteenN‐benzyl linoleamide analogues (macamide fromTropaeolum tuberosum) were synthesised, modifying the molecular structure (benzyl position, aromatic ring and carbonyl group). The structures were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Cell viability and anti‐inflammatory activity of these compounds were evaluated in three brain cell lines (C8‐D1 A, Neuro‐2a, and EOC 13.31). Regarding the effect on NF‐κB, several analogues had better inhibition potential than their natural precursor (N‐benzyl linoleamide), being theN‐(1‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐α‐methylbenzyl)‐linolethiamide the most active, with IC50values of 0.01±0.01, 0.01±0.01 and 0.02±0.01 μM, respectively. Finally, all analogues activated Nrf2, with the same compound being the most active, presenting EC50values of 0.03±0.01, 0.07±0.01 and 0.11±0.02 nM, respectively. Analysing the link between chemical structure and pharmacological activity, our study shows that the changes made toN‐benzyl linoleamide lead us to obtaining an analogue with greater anti‐inflammatory activity than its precursor and with potential for the treatment of migraine.
Preparation and Comparison of Chemical Properties of Phenazasiline Monomer, Dimer, Trimer, and Polymer
Authors: Hayashi Hideki , Ishigaki Yuzo , Koizumi Take‐aki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor the synthesis of phenazasiline with various degree of polymerization, phenazasilinediboronic acid esters (B‐Phz‐Bs) were prepared. Each absorption λmax of B‐Phz‐Bs was observed at longer wavelength than that of corresponding dibromophenazasiline derivatives (Br‐Phz‐Br). Reactions of B‐Phz‐B with monobromophenazasiline and Br‐Phz‐Br gave terphenazasiline (Me‐3Phz‐Mes) and poly(phenazasiline) (PPhz), respectively. The optical and electrochemical properties of phenazasilines with various degrees of polymerization were also studied. The absorption λmax of the compound with higher degree of polymerization was observed at longer wavelength. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of monophenazasiline showed a one‐step reversible redox process. On the other hand, CVs of biphenazasiline and poly(phenazasiline) showed two‐step reversible redox process and that of terphenazasiline showed three‐step reversible redox process, respectively.
Novel Access to Known and Unknown Thiourea Catalyst via a Multicomponent‐Reaction Approach
Authors: Nickisch Roman , Gabrielsen Solveig M. , Meier Michael A R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThioureas are frequently used in organocatalysis and typically rely on 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl moieties motifs to enhance their catalytic activity. In this work, these common motifs were replaced with tailorable functional groups, such as ester or sulfone aryls, applying elemental sulfur in a multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy for the first time for thiourea catalyst synthesis. First, several thioureas bearing aryl, benzylic or aliphatic moieties were synthesized and tested for their hydrogen bonding strength by evaluating thiourea phosphine oxide complexes via 31P NMR and their catalytic activity in an Ugi four‐component reaction (U‐4CR). Finally, ester and sulfone aryl thioureas were tested in the aminolysis of propylene carbonate, leading to conversions similar to those previously reported in the literature using the 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moiety, proving that these groups are suitable alternatives for the trifluoromethyl group.
Catalytic Access to Succinimide Products Containing Stereogenic Quaternary Carbons
Authors: Sadiq Abdul , Nugent Thomas C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnantioselective α‐branched aldehyde Michael addition to N‐phenylmaleimide resulting in non‐stereogenic quaternary carbon containing succinimides is common. Here we emphasize the use of N‐benzylmaleimide with a focus on stereogenic quaternary carbon formation. In particular, the potassium carboxylate salt of either L‐isoleucine (L‐isoLeu) or O−tBu−L‐threonine (O−t‐Bu−L‐Thr), 5.0 mol %, proved effective for the formation of α‐quaternary‐β‐tertiary aldehydic succinimide products in high isolated yield (80–97 %) and excellent enantioselectivity (90–99 %). Furthermore, a carbon‐substituted maleimide electrophile has enabled the first example of α‐quaternary carbon formation with β‐ and γ‐stereogenic center formation in 98 % ee, albeit in 40 % yield (product 17). From the thirteen formed products, six are reported here for the first time.
Estimating software development effort using fuzzy clustering‐based analogy
Authors: Amazal Fatima Azzahra , Idri Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the past decades, many studies have been carried out in an attempt to build accurate software development effort estimation techniques. However, none of the techniques proposed has proven to be successful at predicting software effort in all circumstances. Among these techniques, analogy‐based estimation has gained significant popularity within software engineering community because of its outstanding performance and ability to mimic the human problem solving approach. One of the challenges facing analogy‐based effort estimation is how to predict effort when software projects are described by a mixture of continuous and categorical features. To address this issue, the present study proposes an improvement of our former 2FA‐kprototypes technique referred to as 2FA‐cmeans. 2FA‐cmeans uses a clustering technique, called general fuzzy c‐means, which is a generalization of the fuzzy c‐means clustering technique to cluster objects with mixed attributes. The performance of 2FA‐cmeans was evaluated and compared with that of our former 2FA‐kprototypes technique as well as classical analogy over six datasets that are quite diverse and have different sizes. Empirical results showed that 2FA‐cmeans outperforms the two other analogy techniques using both all‐in and jackknife evaluation methods. This was also confirmed by the win–tie–loss statistics and the Scott–Knott test.
Transferring Handmaids: Iconography, Adaptation, and Intermediality
Authors: Newell Kate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the intermedial transfer of Handmaid iconography across platforms and contexts, and the mechanisms that facilitate such movement. The author begins with a consideration of the intermedial network established within Margaret Atwood’s novelThe Handmaid’s Taleto show that, even prior to adaptation, the Handmaid is understood as a product of intermedial transfer. The author then surveys the movement of Handmaid iconography in a variety of print- and motion-based media, such as book cover design, illustration, graphic novel, ballet, film, and television, and also in more generalized spheres. The image of the Handmaid transfers through processes of adaptation that interpret visual markers in distinct modalities, each of which emphasizes particular traits or characteristics over others. The emphasis or disclosure that characterizes each iteration is accompanied by concealment; that is, as an adaptation foregrounds one particular modality, it simultaneously represses another. This tension between disclosing and concealing operates thematically and in terms of its foregrounded media.
Building Bridges: The Modes of Architecture
Authors: Vieira Miriam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe crossing of borders between architecture and literature has been scrutinized under various scopes. However, the two media types are rarely studied together in terms of “architectural ekphrasis”. The aim of this chapter is to elaborate on this notion by investigating the modes of architecture. To achieve that goal, the author counts on architecture as a medium, as suggested by Patrick Schumacher. Since the limited amount of architectural media traits that are likely to be satisfactorily transmediated by literature are not fully identified by the parameters of already consolidated pictorial models, the author also uses Elleström’s model for analyzing media transformations. The four modalities of media, along with their qualifying aspects, are the backbone of an interpretative framework proposed to explore the presence of architecture in literature. The chapter also leans on the notions of embodiment and perspective.