bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding heterosexual women’s erotic flexibility: the role of attention in sexual evaluations and neural responses to sexual stimuli
Authors: Dickenson Janna A , Diamond Lisa , King Jace B , Jenson Kay , Anderson Jeffrey S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many women experience desires, arousal and behavior that run counter to their sexual orientation (orientation inconsistent, ‘OI’). Are such OI sexual experiences cognitively and neurobiologically distinct from those that are consistent with one’s sexual orientation (orientation consistent, ‘OC’)? To address this question, we employed a mindful attention intervention—aimed at reducing judgment and enhancing somatosensory attention—to examine the underlying attentional and neurobiological processes of OC and OI sexual stimuli among predominantly heterosexual women. Women exhibited greater neural activity in response to OC, compared to OI, sexual stimuli in regions associated with implicit visual processing, volitional appraisal and attention. In contrast, women exhibited greater neural activity to OI, relative to OC, sexual stimuli in regions associated with complex visual processing and attentional shifting. Mindfully attending to OC sexual stimuli reduced distraction, amplified women’s evaluations of OC stimuli as sexually arousing and deactivated the superior cerebellum. In contrast, mindfully attending to OI sexual stimuli amplified distraction, decreased women’s evaluations of OI stimuli as sexually arousing and augmented parietal and temporo-occipital activity. Results of the current study constrain hypotheses of female erotic flexibility, suggesting that sexual orientation may be maintained by differences in attentional processing that cannot be voluntarily altered.
Systemic inflammation is associated with differential neural reactivity and connectivity to affective images
Authors: Alvarez Gabriella M , Hackman Daniel A , Miller Adam Bryant , Muscatell Keely A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Systemic inflammation is increasingly appreciated as a predictor of health and well-being. Further, inflammation has been shown to influence and be influenced by affective experiences. Although prior work has substantiated associations between inflammatory and affective processes, fewer studies have investigated the neurobiological correlates that underlie links between systemic, low-grade inflammation and affective reactivity. Thus, the current study examined whether markers of systemic inflammation (i.e. interleukin-6, C-reactive protein) are associated with differential patterns of neural activation and connectivity in corticolimbic regions in response to affective images. We investigated this question in a sample of 66 adults (44 women, M age = 54.98 years, range = 35–76) from the Midlife in the United States study. Higher levels of inflammation were associated with lower activity in limbic regions (i.e. amygdala, hippocampus, anterior insula, temporal pole) when viewing positive (vs neutral) images. Higher levels of inflammation were also associated with greater connectivity between the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex in response to positive images. Inflammatory markers were not associated with significant differences in activation or connectivity to negative images. These findings highlight the utility of health neuroscience approaches in demonstrating that physiological processes such as inflammation are related to how our brains respond to affective information.
Standardized Natural Citrus Extract dietary supplementation influences sows’ microbiota, welfare, and preweaning piglets’ performances in commercial rearing conditions
Authors: Cisse Sekhou , Benarbia Mohammed El Amine , Burel Anne , Friedrich Marie , Gabinaud Beatrice , Belz Éric , Guilet David , Chicoteau Pierre , Zemb Olivier 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigated the effect of the Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE; Nor-Spice AB, Nor-Feed SAS, France) on the microbiota of the sows and on the weight gain of their piglets. Fifty sows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (23 sows) with a standard diet and a SNCE group (27 sows) with a standard diet supplemented with 2,500 ppm of SNCE. Supplementation occurred 10 d before and 5 d after farrowing. Fecal samples from 16 sows (8 randomly selected sows of each dietary treatment) were collected for the fecal microbiota analysis 5 d after farrowing. The supplementation of SNCE increases the amount of cultivable Lactobacillus threefold in vitro. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SNCE, which affected the microbiota as a discriminant analysis, was able to separate the microbial communities of the eight sows that received SNCE from the three control sows with 21 Operational Taxonomic Units (area under the ROC curve = 96%). SNCE also reduced the interval between farrowing and the first dejection of the sow and increased their feed intake (P-value &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, feeding the sows with SNCE improved the weight gain of the piglets in the first week of life. These results show that SNCE supplementation allows to enhance zootechnical performances of peripartum’ sows, possibly due to the modulation of the microbiota transmitted to the piglets.
The role of genetic sequencing and analysis in the polio eradication programme
Authors: Jorgensen David , Pons-Salort Margarita , Shaw Alexander G , Grassly Nicholas C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Genetic sequencing of polioviruses detected through clinical and environmental surveillance is used to confirm detection, identify their likely origin, track geographic patterns of spread, and determine the appropriate vaccination response. The critical importance of genetic sequencing and analysis to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has grown with the increasing incidence of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) infections in Africa specifically (470 reported cases in 2019), and globally, alongside persistent transmission of serotype 1 wild-type poliovirus in Pakistan and Afghanistan (197 reported cases in 2019). Adapting what has been learned about the virus genetics and evolution to address these threats has been a major focus of recent work. Here, we review how phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods have been used to trace the spread of wild-type polioviruses and identify the likely origins of VDPVs. We highlight the analysis methods and sequencing technology currently used and the potential for new technologies to speed up poliovirus detection and the interpretation of genetic data. At a pivotal point in the eradication campaign with the threat of anti-vaccine sentiment and donor and public fatigue, innovation is critical to maintain drive and overcome the last remaining circulating virus.
Adaptation of turnip mosaic potyvirus to a specific niche reduces its genetic and environmental robustness
Authors: Butković Anamarija , González Rubén , Cobo Inés , Elena Santiago F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Robustness is the preservation of the phenotype in the face of genetic and environmental perturbations. It has been argued that robustness must be an essential fitness component of RNA viruses owed to their small and compacted genomes, high mutation rates and living in ever-changing environmental conditions. Given that genetic robustness might hamper possible beneficial mutations, it has been suggested that genetic robustness can only evolve as a side-effect of the evolution of robustness mechanisms specific to cope with environmental perturbations, a theory known as plastogenetic congruence. However, empirical evidences from different viral systems are contradictory. To test how adaptation to a particular environment affects both environmental and genetic robustness, we have used two strains of turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) that differ in their degree of adaptation to Arabidopsis thaliana at a permissive temperature. We show that the highly adapted strain is strongly sensitive to the effect of random mutations and to changes in temperature conditions. In contrast, the non-adapted strain shows more robustness against both the accumulation of random mutations and drastic changes in temperature conditions. Together, these results are consistent with the predictions of the plastogenetic congruence theory, suggesting that genetic and environmental robustnesses may be two sides of the same coin for TuMV.
Developing an Elective on Spirituality for the BSN Curriculum
Authors: Hutchison Lynne M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT:
When a curriculum evaluation of a BSN program at a public university revealed a content gap on spirituality and spiritual assessment, faculty developed an elective covering a nurse's role in spiritual care and assessment of patients. The resulting 300-level course was of hybrid design and received positive evaluation from students after implementation.
Missing the Mark: The State of Health Care Literacy in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Barton Natalie , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The Institute of Medicine defines health literacy as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information. Low health literacy is at a crisis level in the United States. Health literacy is a stronger predictor of a person’s health than age, income, employment status, education level, and race. In the plastic surgery literature to date, there is no study that evaluates health communication between plastic surgery patients and providers. This study also aims to establish the readability of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons informed consent forms.

Methods:
A survey instrument was designed to assess health literacy of plastic surgery patient and health communication competencies of providers. The Readability Calculator and Hemingway Editor were used to determine the readability of a sample of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons informed consent forms.

Results:
Twenty-one percent of patients did not complete high school. Fifty-one percent of patients agreed that better communication with their provider would improve their health. Seventy-six percent of providers agreed that they have difficulty communicating with patients with different cultural backgrounds; 29% of providers stated that they offered patients low-literacy educational material. The average readability of the informed consents distributed to plastic surgery patients is above 12th grade.

Conclusions:
This study identifies the gap in communication between plastic surgery patients and providers in a county hospital setting. Failure to take appropriate actions toward eliminating inherent barriers in health communication is costly to both the hospital and the patients. These findings also raise concern about the understanding of informed consent in plastic surgery patients.
Measuring LDL-cholesterol: what is the best way to do it?
Authors: Wolska Anna , Remaley Alan T. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
Cholesterol on low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) is one of the main drivers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and hence its measurement is critical in the management of patients at risk. Although LDL-C has routinely been either calculated by the Friedewald equation or measured with direct assays, these methods have limitations, particularly for patients with dyslipidaemias, low LDL-C, and hypertriglyceridemia. The focus of this review will be recent advances in the measurement of LDL for ASCVD risk management.

Recent findings
We first describe the recent recommendations on how LDL-C is used in ASCVD risk assessment and management. We then review the current approaches to the measurement of LDL-C and recent developments on new more accurate equations for calculating LDL-C. Finally, we present new and emerging LDL assays that may be superior to LDL-C for risk assessment, such as LDL particle number and small dense LDL-C, and several LDL-based lipid tests in early development.

Summary
LDL-C is valuable in ASCVD risk management but recent improvements in its measurement and the development of other LDL-related tests may further improve its value.
Clinical Analysis of 25 COVID-19 Infections in Children
Authors: Bai Ke , Liu Wenjun , Liu Chengjun , Fu Yueqiang , Hu Jun , Qin Yanran , Zhang Qiaoying , Chen Hongyan , Xu Feng , Li Changda 
Published: May 2020

Background:
To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Chongqing.

Methods:
All 25 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RNA-PCR) were admitted from the 4 designated treatment hospitals of 2019-nCoV in Chongqing from January 19 to March 12, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiologic history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results:
The diagnosis was confirmed through RNA-PCR testing. Among the 25 cases, 14 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 11.0 (6.3–14.5) years (range 0.6–17.0 years). All children were related to a family cluster outbreak, and 7 children (28%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild cases and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were cough (13 cases, 52%) and fever (6 cases, 24%). The duration time of clinical symptoms was 13.0 (8.0–25.0) days. In the 25 cases, on admission, 21 cases (84%) had normal white blood cell counts, while only 2 cases (8%) more than 10 × 109/L and 2 cases (8%) less than 4 × 109/L, respectively; 22 cases(88%) had normal CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 3 cases(8%) this increased mildly; 23 cases had normal CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 2 cases (8%) CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were mildly increased as well. All Lymphocyte counts were normal. There were no statistical differences of lab results between the groups of asymptomatic cases, mild cases and common cases. There were only 13 cases with abnormal CT imaging, most of which were located in the subpleural area of the bottom of the lung. All patients were treated with interferon, 6 cases combined with Ribavirin, and 12 cases combined with lopinavir or ritonavir. The days from onset to RNA turning negative was 15.20 ± 6.54 days. There was no significant difference of RNA turning negative between the groups of interferon, interferon plus ribavirin and interferon plus lopinavir or ritonavir treatment. All the cases recovered and were discharged from hospital.

Conclusions:
The morbidity of 2019-nCoV infection in children is lower than in adults and the clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in children are nonspecific and milder than that in adults. RNA-PCR test is still the most reliable diagnostic method, especially for asymptomatic patients.
Pain can be conditioned to voluntary movements through associative learning: an experimental study in healthy participants
Authors: Alaiti Rafael Krasic , Zuccolo Pedro Fonseca , Hunziker Maria Helena Leite , Caneiro J.P. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Fernandes da Costa Marcelo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:
Experimental data suggest that associative learning can influence defensive avoidance behavior and pain perception in humans. However, whether voluntary movements can become conditioned stimuli (CSs) and influence pain responses is yet to be evaluated. Forty healthy volunteers participated in this study. Electrocutaneous stimuli applied to the shoulder at pain threshold level (UStest) and at pain tolerance level (US) were determined before a movement-conditioning paradigm. First, reaching movements to visual cues shown on one side of a computer screen were associated with the US (CS+ movements) on 80% of trials, whereas reaching movements to visual stimuli shown on the other side were never associated with the nociceptive-US (CS− movements). Next, participants underwent a test phase in which movements to visual cues on both sides were paired with the UStest on 50% of trials. During the test phase, participants were asked to evaluate whether the movement was painful (yes/no) and to rate pain intensity after each trial. Movement onset and duration as well as skin conductance responses were collected. The UStest stimuli were more likely to be perceived as painful and were also rated as more painful during CS+ movements. Movement onset latency and skin conductance responses were significantly higher in anticipation of the CS+ movement as compared to the CS− movement. These findings suggest that pain can be conditioned to voluntary movements.
Health Risk Behavior Profile of Construction Workers, 32 States, 2013 to 2016
Authors: Boal Winifred L. , Li Jia , Dong Xiuwen Sue , Sussell Aaron 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Research has suggested that several health risk behaviors were more prevalent among construction workers than among the general workforce.

Methods:
The prevalences of six health risk behaviors among construction workers were compared with workers in other industries using data from 32 states in the 2013 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Results:
Smoking, smokeless tobacco use, binge drinking, no leisure-time physical activity, and not always using a seatbelt were significantly more prevalent (P < 0.001), and short sleep significantly less prevalent (P < 0.05), for all construction workers combined compared with workers in other industries. Prevalences varied substantially for all six health risk behaviors by construction occupation.

Conclusions:
Due to the high prevalence of some health risk behaviors, construction workers may benefit from interventions to reduce these behaviors, particularly since they are also potentially exposed to workplace hazards.
Validation of the Rossmax AC1000f upper-arm blood pressure monitor in adults according to the British Hypertension Society Protocol
Authors: Huang Jian-Feng , Li Yan , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: May 2020

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of the Rossmax AC1000f oscillometric upper-arm blood pressure monitor in adults according to the British Hypertension Society Protocol.

Method
Eighty-five subjects (male 42 and female 43) with a mean age of 48.1 years were recruited to fulfill the blood pressure distribution criteria of the British Hypertension Society Protocol in general population using the same arm sequential blood pressure measurement method. For each subject, we sequentially measured blood pressure using a mercury sphygmomanometer (two observers) and the AC1000f device (one supervisor). Data analysis was carried out according to the British Hypertension Society Protocol.

Results
A total of 255 comparison pairs were obtained for analysis. The device achieved grade A. The percentage of blood pressure differences within 5, 10 and 15 mmHg was 66.7, 92.2 and 98.0%, respectively, for SBP, and 64.7, 90.2 and 98.4%, respectively, for DBP. The average (±SD) of the device-observer differences was −0.5 ± 6.0 mmHg for SBP and −1.4 ± 5.9 mmHg for DBP, respectively.

Conclusion
The automated upper-arm blood pressure monitor Rossmax AC1000f has passed the requirements of the British Hypertension Society Protocol, and hence can be recommended for blood pressure measurement in adults.
Disparities in Biomarkers for Patients With Diabetes After the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Marino Miguel , Angier Heather , Fankhauser Katie , Valenzuela Steele , Hoopes Megan , Heintzman John , DeVoe Jennifer , Moreno Laura , Huguet Nathalie 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by diabetes and at greater risk of experiencing poor diabetes-related outcomes compared with non-Hispanic whites. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was implemented to increase health insurance coverage and reduce health disparities.

Objective:
Assess changes in diabetes-associated biomarkers [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein] 24 months pre-ACA to 24 months post-ACA Medicaid expansion by race/ethnicity and insurance group.

Research Design:
Retrospective cohort study of community health center (CHC) patients.

Subjects:
Patients aged 19–64 with diabetes living in 1 of 10 Medicaid expansion states with ≥1 CHC visit and ≥1 HbA1c measurement in both the pre-ACA and the post-ACA time periods (N=13,342).

Methods:
Linear mixed effects and Cox regression modeled outcome measures.

Results:
Overall, 33.5% of patients were non-Hispanic white, 51.2% Hispanic, and 15.3% non-Hispanic black. Newly insured Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites post-ACA exhibited modest reductions in HbA1c levels, similar benefit was not observed among non-Hispanic black patients. The largest reduction was among newly insured Hispanics versus newly insured non-Hispanic whites (P<0.05). For the subset of patients who had uncontrolled HbA1c (HbA1c≥9%) within 3 months of the ACA Medicaid expansion, non-Hispanic black patients who were newly insured gained the highest rate of controlled HbA1c (hazard ratio=2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–4.66) relative to the continuously insured group.

Conclusions:
The impact of the ACA Medicaid expansion on health disparities is multifaceted and may differ across racial/ethnic groups. This study highlights the importance of CHCs for the health of minority populations.
Developing a New Version of the SF-6D Health State Classification System From the SF-36v2: SF-6Dv2
Authors: Brazier John E. , Mulhern Brendan J. , Bjorner Jakob B. , Gandek Barbara , Rowen Donna , Alonso Jordi , Vilagut Gemma , Ware John E. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to develop the classification system for version of the SF-6D (SF-6Dv2) from the SF-36v2. SF-6Dv2 is an improved version of SF-6D, one of the most widely used generic measures of health for the calculation of quality-adjusted life years.

Study Design and Setting:
A 3-step process was undertaken to generate a new classification system: (1) factor analysis to establish dimensionality; (2) Rasch analysis to understand item performance; and (3) tests of differential item function. To evaluate robustness, Rasch analyses were performed in multiple subsets of 2 large cross-sectional datasets from recently discharged hospital patients and online patient samples.

Results:
On the basis of factor analysis, other psychometric evidence, cross-cultural considerations, and amenability to valuation, the 6-dimension classification used in SF-6D was maintained. SF-6Dv2 resulted in the following modifications to SF-6D: a simpler classification of physical function with clearer separation between levels; a more detailed 5-level description of role limitations; using negative wording to describe vitality; and using pain severity rather than pain interference.

Conclusions:
The SF-6Dv2 classification system describes more distinct levels of health than SF-6D, changes the descriptions used for a number of dimensions and provides clearer wording for health state valuation. The second stage of the study has developed a utility value set using discrete choice methods so that the measure can be used in health technology assessment. Further work should investigate the psychometric characteristics of the new instrument.