bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Infection is a frequent cause of pulmonary failure in 2020, but not the only one – a case report
Authors: Metz Carlos , Rixecker Torben , Mang Sebastian , Becker André , Maßmann Alexander , Becker Sören L. , Papan Cihan , Gärtner Barbara , Seiler Frederik , Danziger Guy , Bals Robert , Lepper Philipp M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background In 2020, a novel coronavirus caused a global pandemic with a clinical picture termed COVID-19 accounting for numerous cases of ARDS. However, there are still other infectious causes of ARDS that should be considered, especially, as the majority of these pathogens are specifically treatable. Case Presentation We present the case of a 36-year-old gentleman who was admitted to the hospital with flu-like symptoms after completing a half-marathon one week before admission. As infection with SARS-CoV2 was suspected based on radiologic imaging, the hypoxemic patient was immediately transferred to the ICU, where he developed ARDS. Empiric antimicrobial chemotherapy was initiated, the patient deteriorated further, therapy was changed and the patient was transferred to a tertiary care ARDS center. As cold agglutinins were present, the hypothesis of an infection with SARS-CoV-2 was then questioned. Bronchoscopic sampling revealed Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae. When antimicrobial chemotherapy was adjusted, the patient recovered quickly. Conclusion Usually, M. pneumoniae causes mild disease. When antimicrobial chemotherapy was adjusted, the patient recovered quickly. The case underlines the importance of adhering to established treatment guidelines, scrutinizing treatment modalities and not forgetting other potential causes of severe pneumonia or ARDS.
Bridging the Digital Divide: A National Survey Assessing Public Readiness for Digital Health Strategies Against COVID-19 within the United Kingdom
Authors: Sounderajah Viknesh , Clarke Jonathan , Yalamanchili Seema , Acharya Amish , Markar Sheraz R. , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Digital health technologies are a major feature of contemporary public health strategies, particularly in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, digital initiatives risk excluding vulnerable groups, thereby propagating poor health outcomes. We assessed how groups at higher risk from COVID-19 report their relationships with key digital health initiatives in the United Kingdom. We found that those who are female, over 60 and of a lower social group are less confident in using digital information to make health decisions. Those over 40, from lower social groups and of lower educational attainment use digital resources less often in seeking COVID-19 health information. Lastly, those over 60, from lower social groups and of lower educational attainment are less confident in distinguishing reliable digital COVID-19 information. This suggests that a ‘digital first’ model of COVID-19 pandemic management may exacerbate existing digital and health inequalities by reinforcing barriers to health information and public health services.
Lower Rate of COVID-19 in Lupus Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Drug Regimens
Authors: Damirchi Mohammadrafi , Roshandel Gholamreza , Aghaie Mehrdad , Sedighi Sima , Tavassoli Samaneh , Hassani Mohammadjavad , Abdolahi Nafiseh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic much concern has been raised about chronic diseases, which could possibly make patients more susceptible, and vulnerable to COVID-19. One of them, is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE). Objective This study has tried to find the prevalence of COVID-19 in SLE patients in Golestan province of Iran, and to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 in these patients. This study has also sought to find possible correlation between the incidence of COVID-19, its clinical manifestations and the medication taken by SLE patients. Methods We investigated patients who had been enrolled in our rheumatologic diseases registry system. Patients responded to a questionnaire which contained questions about their primary disease, comorbidities, medications, development of new symptoms, and medical services which they received, pertinent to COVID-19, during the period of COVID-19 outbreak. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results This investigation found 25 (7%) COVID-19 positive patients out of the 355 responders. 8 (40%) of them were hospitalized, out of which 2 (8%) required intensive care and later expired. COVID-19 incidence was significantly lower in the immunosuppressed group (2.2% vs 10% P-value 0.005). We didn’t find a significant correlation between hydroxychloroquine consumption, and the incidence of COVID-19 in SLE patients. Fever, fatigue, dyspnea, and dry cough were the most common clinical symptoms.Conclusion Our research has shown that COVID-19 prevalence was lower in immunosuppressed patients. However, broader studies should be conducted to clarify the role of immunosuppression in the development of COVID-19. More research is required.
HOMEOPATIA E SUPLEMENTO ALIMENTAR NO CRESCIMENTO DE FILHOTES DE PERIQUITO AUSTRALIANO (MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS)
Authors: Navarro Rodrigo Diana , Martins Jessica , Paz Vanair carlos 
Published: September 2020

O experimento foi feito a partir de um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado com 3 diferentes tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo o tratamento 1: suplemento alimentar, tratamento 2: homeopatia e o tratamento 3: controle. Os resultados da análise de peso mostraram que os filhotes que receberam o suplemento alimentar tiveram um maior ganho de peso (33,8g), seguidos dos animais que receberam a homeopatia(33,6g) e por último o grupo controle (30,2g). A média de ganho de peso diário dos filhotes do grupo com suplemento alimentar foi de 1,69 gramas, do grupo com homeopatia foi de 1,68 gramas e o grupo controle 1,51 gramas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar e comparar o crescimento de filhotes de Periquitos Australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus) tratados com homeopatias Calcarea carbonica (12 CH) e Carbo vegetalis (12 CH) e o suplemento alimentar Organew®.
Experiments on two techniques for the removal of barite from detrital zircon
Authors: Martin Aaron J. , Guerrero-Juarez Edna L. , Rocha-Estopier Claudia L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Barite (BaSO4) is a common mineral in sandstone that must be removed during separation of detrital zircon (ZrSiO4). One widespread technique for the removal of barite exploits its lesser tenacity by milling the barite and zircon mixture in a ball mill. Here we test the extent to which such milling affects zircon and thus whether the milling could introduce bias into the detrital zircon sample. We then describe a new chemical technique for the removal of barite from detrital zircon. We find that milling a mixture of barite and zircon both breaks and causes loss of zircon grains, potentially introducing bias into a detrital zircon sample. Boiling barite in a 0.94 molar aqueous solution of sodium carbonate for 4 h converts most grains to barium carbonate. The barium carbonate grains are opaque white and thus visually distinguishable from zircon, allowing separation by hand under a stereoscopic microscope. Alternatively, the barium carbonate grains can be dissolved by boiling in 16 wt% nitric acid for 30 min. In our experiments, boiling zircon in sodium carbonate solution and/or concentrated (65 wt%) nitric acid cleaned the surfaces of and the cracks in the grains but did not visibly change the zircon surfaces in other ways. Boiling only in concentrated nitric acid did not measurably affect the U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic systems in zircon interiors, and boiling in a sodium carbonate solution followed by concentrated nitric acid did not detectably alter the Lu-Hf isotopic system. However, boiling in a concentrated sodium carbonate solution followed by concentrated nitric acid did disturb the U-Pb isotopic system in zircon interiors. We recognize this disturbance due to a ~0.5% reduction in 206Pb/238U dates of treated zircon. Our results highlight the importance of proper technique during zircon isolation to minimize the introduction of bias into the sample.
Incorporation of tetrahedral ferric iron into hydrous ringwoodite
Authors: Thomson Andrew R. , Piltz Ross O. , Crichton Wilson A. , Cerantola Valerio , Ezad Isra S. , Dobson David P. , Wood Ian G. , Brodholt John P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydrous Fo91 ringwoodite crystals were synthesized at 20 GPa and high-temperature conditions using a multi-anvil press. Recovered crystals were analyzed using electron microprobe analysis, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal Laue neutron diffraction, to carefully characterize the chemistry and crystallography of the samples. Analysis of the combined data sets provides evidence for the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated ferric iron and multiple hydrogen incorporation mechanisms within these blue-colored iron-bearing ringwoodite crystals. Tetrahedral ferric iron is coupled with cation disorder of silicon onto the octahedrally coordinated site. Cation disorder in mantle ringwoodite minerals may be promoted in the presence of water, which could have implications for current models of seismic velocities within the transition zone. Additionally, the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated ferric iron may cause the blue color of many ringwoodite and other high-pressure crystals.
Inhibition of Amyloid Fibrillation of HEWL by 4-Methylcoumarin and 4-Methylthiocoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Shivani , Kumar Manoj , Tyagi Yogesh K. , Kumar Suresh 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Several human diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s disease, and systemic
amyloidosis are associated with the misfolding and aggregation of protein molecules.

Objective:
The present study demonstrated the comparison of 4-methyl coumarin and 4-methylthiocoumarin
derivative for their anti-amyloidogenic and disaggregation activities. The hen egg-white lysozyme
is used as a model system to study protein aggregation and disaggregation under in vitro conditions.

Methods:
Techniques used in the study were Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, intrinsic fluorescence
assay, circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics.

Results:
Fifteen compounds were screened for their anti-amyloidogenic and disaggregation potential.
Six compounds significantly inhibited the fibril formation, whereas ten compounds showed disaggregation
property of pre-formed fibrils. Under in vitro conditions, the compound C3 and C7 showed significant
inhibition of fibril formation in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to control. C3
and C7 demonstrated 93% and 76% inhibition of fibril formation, respectively. Furthermore, C3 and
C7 exhibited 83% and 76% disaggregation activity, respectively, of pre-formed HEWL fibrils at their
highest concentration. These anti-amyloidogenic and disaggregation potential of C3 and C7 were validated
by intrinsic fluorescence, CD, molecular dynamics, and TEM study.

Discussion:
4-methylthiocoumarins derivatives have shown better anti-amyloidogenic activity as compared
to 4-methylcoumarin derivatives for both amyloid formation as well as disaggregation of preformed
amyloid fibrils. Structurally, the derivatives of 4-methylthiocoumarins (C3 and C7) contain
thio group on 2nd position that might be responsible for anti-amyloidogenic activity as compared to 4-
methylcoumarin derivatives (C2 and C4).

Conclusion:
C3 and C7 are novel 4-methylthiocoumarin derivatives that can be used as a lead for
alleviation and symptoms associated with protein aggregation disorders.
ASPM Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome and Promotes Tumorigenesis for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Wu Jingjing , He Zhengmei , Zhu Yaning , Jiang Chao , Deng Yuan , Wei Bin 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM) has been
implicated in the aggressive behavior of several malignant tumors. However, its potential effects
on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still remain unknown.

Methods:
ASPM levels were determined by immunohistochemically in DLBCL tissues from 54 patients
and 15 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) tissues as control, and its association with clinical
features and overall survival were evaluated. The effects of ASPM on cell growth, cell apoptosis
and cell cycle of DLBCL cells were assessed. Bioinformatics, quantitative RT-PCR and western
blotting were conducted for mechanic investigation.

Results:
ASPM expression was upregulated in DLBCL tissues compared with RLH tissues. Its
high expression was correlated with inferior clinicopathological characteristics and poor outcomes
of DLBCL patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that high ASPM expression emerged as an independent
factor for poor prognosis. In DLBCL cell lines, silencing of ASPM suppressed cell
growth, induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle. Mechanically, effects of ASPM knockdown
on DLBCL cells were partially dependent on its block of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Conclusion:
Collectively, our results suggested that ASPM potentially served as a predictive biomarker
of DLCBL tumorigenesis and prognosis, representing a potential therapeutic target for DLCBL.
Urea-SCR System Development in the Mitigation of NOx Emissions from Diesel Engines – A Review Study
Authors: Mehregan Mina 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Due to energy demand concerns, diesel engines have gained much attraction
recently compared to petrol engines because of their higher thermal efficiencies. However,
they emit a larger amount of NOx emissions into the atmosphere.

Objective:
Nitrogen oxides are known as important ambient air pollutants that are responsible for
health problems, forest damage, and buildings corrosion. Therefore, using emissions control strategies
for diesel engines is required in order to have a cleaner environment. Urea-SCR (selective catalytic
reduction of NOx by urea) after-treatment system is considered as one of the most efficient
techniques available to reduce engine-out NOx emissions sufficiently.

Conclusion:
This review article discusses all the methods suggested to diminish nitrogen oxides
emissions and then presents a comprehensive survey on developing urea-SCR unit -whether from
catalyst development aspect or from injection system modification point of view- in diesel engines
to meet strict emissions regulations.
Elaborating Models of eHealth Governance: Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Ekeland Anne Granstrom , Linstad Line Helen 
Published: September 2020

Background
Large-scale national eHealth policy programs have gained attention not only for benefits but also for several unintended consequences and failed expectations. Given the complex and mixed accounts of the results, questions have been raised on how large-scale digitalization programs are governed to reach health policy goals of quality improvement and equal access along with necessary digital transformations. In this qualitative systematic review, we investigate the following question: How is governance implemented and considered in the studies included in the qualitative review?

Objective
The aim of this study is to arrive at informed and recognizable conceptualizations and considerations of models of governance connected to eHealth, as presented and discussed in the scientific literature. In turn, we hope our results will help inform the discussion of how to govern such processes to obtain collectively negotiated objectives.

Methods
A qualitative systematic review is a method for integrating or comparing with the findings from qualitative studies. It looks for “themes” or “constructs” that lie in or across individual qualitative studies. This type of review produces a narrative synthesis with thematic analysis and includes interpretive conceptual models. The goal is an interpretation and broadens the understanding of a particular phenomenon. We searched the PubMed database using predefined search terms and selected papers published from 2010 onwards. We specified the criteria for selection and quality assessment.

Results
The search returned 220 papers. We selected 44 abstracts for full-text reading, and 11 papers were included for full-text synthesis. On the basis of the 11 papers, we constructed four governance models to categorize and conceptualize the findings. The models are political governance, normally depicting top-down processes; medical governance, which normally depicts bottom-up processes; the internet and global model, emphasizing international business strategies coupled with the internet; self-governance, which builds upon the development of the internet and Internet of Things, which has paved the way for personal governance and communication of one’s own health data.

Conclusions
Collective negotiations between the nation-state and global policy actors, medical and self-governance actors, and global business and industry actors are essential. Technological affordances represent both positive and negative opportunities concerning the realization of health policy goals, and future studies should scrutinize this dynamic.
Cognitive Training Using Fully Immersive, Enriched Environment Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Feasibility and Usability Study
Authors: Yun Seo Jung , Kang Min-Gu , Yang Dongseok , Choi Younggeun , Kim Heejae , Oh Byung-Mo , Seo Han Gil 
Published: September 2020

Background
Cognitive training using virtual reality (VR) may result in motivational and playful training for patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. Fully immersive VR sets patients free from external interference and thus encourages patients with cognitive impairment to maintain selective attention. The enriched environment, which refers to a rich and stimulating environment, has a positive effect on cognitive function and mood.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and usability of cognitive training using fully immersive VR programs in enriched environments with physiatrists, occupational therapists (OTs), and patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia.

Methods
The VR interface system consisted of a commercialized head-mounted display and a custom-made hand motion tracking module. We developed the virtual harvest and cook programs in enriched environments representing rural scenery. Physiatrists, OTs, and patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia received 30 minutes of VR training to evaluate the feasibility and usability of the test for cognitive training. At the end of the test, the usability and feasibility were assessed by a self-report questionnaire based on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Response time and finger tapping were measured in patients before and after the test.

Results
Participants included 10 physiatrists, 6 OTs, and 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. The mean scores for overall satisfaction with the program were 5.75 (SD 1.00) for rehabilitation specialists and 5.64 (SD 1.43) for patients. The response time of the dominant hand in patients decreased after the single session of cognitive training using VR, but this was not statistically significant (P=.25). There was no significant change in finger tapping in either the right or left hand (P=.48 and P=.42, respectively). None of the participants reported headaches, dizziness, or any other motion sickness after the test.

Conclusions
A fully immersive VR cognitive training program may be feasible and usable in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia based on the positive satisfaction and willingness to use the program reported by physiatrists, OTs, and patients. Although not statistically significant, decreased response time without a change in finger tapping rate may reflect a temporary increase in attention after the test. Additional clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect on cognitive function, mood, and physical outcomes.
Disaster eHealth: Scoping Review
Authors: Madanian Samaneh , Norris Tony , Parry Dave 
Published: September 2020

Background
Although both disaster management and disaster medicine have been used for decades, their efficiency and effectiveness have been far from perfect. One reason could be the lack of systematic utilization of modern technologies, such as eHealth, in their operations. To address this issue, researchers’ efforts have led to the emergence of the disaster eHealth (DEH) field. DEH’s main objective is to systematically integrate eHealth technologies for health care purposes within the disaster management cycle (DMC).

Objective
This study aims to identify, map, and define the scope of DEH as a new area of research at the intersection of disaster management, emergency medicine, and eHealth.

Methods
An extensive scoping review using published materials was carried out in the areas of disaster management, disaster medicine, and eHealth to identify the scope of DEH. This review procedure was iterative and conducted in multiple scientific databases in 2 rounds, one using controlled indexed terms and the other using similar uncontrolled terms. In both rounds, the publications ranged from 1990 to 2016, and all the appropriate research studies discovered were considered, regardless of their research design, methodology, and quality. Information extracted from both rounds was thematically analyzed to define the DEH scope, and the results were evaluated by the field experts through a Delphi method.

Results
In both rounds of the research, searching for eHealth applications within DMC yielded 404 relevant studies that showed eHealth applications in different disaster types and disaster phases. These applications varied with respect to the eHealth technology types, functions, services, and stakeholders. The results led to the identification of the scope of DEH, including eHealth technologies and their applications, services, and future developments that are applicable to disasters as well as to related stakeholders. Reference to the elements of the DEH scope indicates what, when, and how current eHealth technologies can be used in the DMC.

Conclusions
Comprehensive data gathering from multiple databases offered a grounded method to define the DEH scope. This scope comprises concepts related to DEH and the boundaries that define it. The scope identifies the eHealth technologies relevant to DEH and the functions and services that can be provided by these technologies. In addition, the scope tells us which groups can use the provided services and functions and in which disaster types or phases. DEH approaches could potentially improve the response to health care demands before, during, and after disasters. DEH takes advantage of eHealth technologies to facilitate DMC tasks and activities, enhance their efficiency and effectiveness, and enhance health care delivery and provide more quality health care services to the wider population regardless of their geographical location or even disaster types and phases.