bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driven tracer dynamics in a one dimensional quiescent bath
Authors: Miron Asaf , Mukamel David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of a driven tracer in a quiescent bath subject to geometric confinement models a broad range of phenomena. We explore this dynamics in a 1D lattice model, where geometric confinement is tuned by varying the rate of particle overtaking. Previous studies of the model’s stationary properties on a ring of L sites have revealed a phase in which the bath density profile extends over an

∼

O

L

distance from the tracer and the tracer’s velocity vanishes as ∼1/L. Here, we study the model’s long time dynamics in this phase for L → ∞. We show that the bath density profile evolves on a

∼

t

time-scale and, correspondingly, that the tracer’s velocity decays as

∼

1
/

t

. Unlike the well-studied case of a non-driven tracer, whose dynamics becomes diffusive whenever overtaking is allowed, we here find that driving the tracer preserves its hallmark sub-diffusive single-file dynamics, even in the presence of overtaking.
Boundary effects on symmetry resolved entanglement
Authors: Bonsignori Riccarda , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the symmetry resolved entanglement entropies in one-dimensional systems with boundaries. We provide some general results for conformal invariant theories and then move to a semi-infinite chain of free fermions. We consider both an interval starting from the boundary and away from it. We derive exact formulas for the charged and symmetry resolved entropies based on theorems and conjectures about the spectra of Toeplitz+Hankel matrices. En route to characterise the interval away from the boundary, we prove a general relation between the eigenvalues of Toeplitz+Hankel matrices and block Toeplitz ones. An important aspect is that the saddle-point approximation from charged to symmetry resolved entropies introduces algebraic corrections to the scaling that are much more severe than in systems without boundaries.
Electroless nickel–phosphorus and cobalt–phosphorus coatings on multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ergul Engin , Kurt Halil Ibrahim , Oduncuoglu Murat , Yilmaz Necip Fazil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have drawn great attention due to their exceptional mechanical, physical, thermal and electrical properties. The MWCNTs as the reinforcements significantly improved the properties of materials. However, the major challenges in composites containing CNTs are the poor wettability and poor interfacial bonding between matrix and CNTs. In this study, the used MWCNTs have a diameter of 8–10 nm and 1.5 μm in length. MWCNTs are purified in HNO3: H2SO4, sensitized in Sn solution and activated in Pd solution at 90 °C, and coated with the Nickel and Cobalt elements using an electroless coating method. The holding time in the bath is 15, 30 and 60 min, and the bath concentration is also changed. The coatings are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), elemental mapping, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results showed that the Ni and Co coating layers are successfully formed on the surface of MWCNTs. The deposition rate is affected by the holding time and the bath concentration. The optimal results are obtained at the holding time of 60 min in the C concentration sample.
Structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnNbZ (Z = As, Sb) and FeNbZ (Z = Sn, Pb) semi-Heusler alloys
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Bhandari Shalika Ram , Kaphle Gopi Chandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of structural, electronic, magnetic, and elastic properties of a new series of semi-Heusler alloys MnNbZ (Z = As, Sb) and FeNbZ (Z = Sn, Pb) has been performed by density functional theory. The magnetic phase and hence the structural stability of the alloys were considered wherein the ferromagnetic state is found to be stable. The half-metallic states are observed from the density of states and band structure calculations. The total magnetic moments found for all studied compounds are 1 μ

B
/f.u., which obey the Slater-Pauling rule for semi-Heusler with ferromagnetic behavior. The calculated cohesive and formation energies confirmed the thermodynamical stability and elastic constant C
ij
confirmed the mechanical stability. Among the four systems, MnNbAs is found to have the highest ductility (i.e., non-directional metallic bonding) while the remaining systems are found to be brittle in nature (i.e., directional covalent bonding). These properties confirmed that among others, MnNbAs is one of the novel candidate for spintronic device applications.
Effects of Helmholtz coil magnetic fields on microstructure and mechanical properties for sand-cast A201 Al-Cu alloy
Authors: Wang Cheng-Shun , Lin Shih-Chao , Lin Tsung-Ying , Wang Jian-Yih , Muhfidin Rivan , Yu Ing-Song 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this report, the effects of magnetic fields by using Helmholtz coils on the microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-casting Al-Cu alloys were firstly investigated. Due to the magnetic field stirring effect during the solidification process, the average grain size of sand-casting A201 ingots decreased, and the uniformity of α-Al grain increased. The grain refinement by the magnetic fields equipped with Helmholtz coils enhanced the mechanical properties of sand-casting A201 ingots, including hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation. Meanwhile, according to the characterization of x-ray diffraction, preferred orientation (111) planes of α-Al phase was observed as the increase of the magnetic field. The magnetic field of Helmholtz coils provided the Lorenz force to agitate the melt during the solidification of sand-casting Al-Cu ingots, which had influence on the migration of solid-liquid interface and the rotation of the single-crystal nucleus. In summary, an easy and low-cost technique was proposed to improve the mechanical properties of sand-casting A201 alloys.
Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hewston Patricia , Kennedy Courtney Clare , Borhan Sayem , Merom Dafna , Santaguida Pasqualina , Ioannidis George , Marr Sharon , Santesso Nancy , Thabane Lehana , Bray Steven , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults.

Methods
we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro.

Results
we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function.

Conclusions
dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise.
Multiplex PCR and Nanopore Sequencing of Genes Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Directly from Clinical Samples
Authors: Zhang Chi , Xiu Leshan , Li Yamei , Sun Liying , Li Yizhun , Zeng Yaling , Wang Feng , Peng Junping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has spread worldwide. Rapid and comprehensive methods are needed to describe N. gonorrhoeae AMR profiles accurately. A method based on multiplex amplicon sequencing was developed to simultaneously sequence 13 genes related to AMR in N. gonorrhoeae directly from clinical samples.

Methods
Nine N. gonorrhoeae strains were used for the establishment and validation of the method. Eleven urethral swabs and their corresponding cultured isolates were matched as pairs to determine the accuracy of the method. Mock samples with different dilutions were prepared to determine the sensitivity of the method. Five nongonococcal Neisseria strains and 24 N. gonorrhoeae negative clinical samples were used to evaluate the cross-reactivity. Finally, the method was applied to 64 clinical samples to assess its performance.

Results
Using Sanger sequencing as a reference method, sequences recovered from amplicon sequencing had a base accuracy of over 99.5% and the AMR sites were correctly identified. The limit of detection (LOD) was lower than 31 copies/reaction. No significant cross-reactivity was observed. Furthermore, target genes were successfully recovered from 64 clinical samples including 9 urines, demonstrating this method could be used in different types of samples. For clinical samples, the results can be obtained within a time frame of 7 h 40 min to 10 h 40 min, while for isolates, the turnaround time was approximately 2 h shorter.

Conclusions
This method can serve as a versatile and convenient culture-free diagnostic method with the advantages of high sensitivity and accuracy.
Women’s Earnings are more Affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease than Men’s: A Register-Based Swedish Cohort Study
Authors: Everhov Åsa H , Bruze Gustaf , Söderling Jonas , Askling Johan , Halfvarson Jonas , Westberg Karin , Malmborg Petter , Nordenvall Caroline , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Olén Ola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are subject to more work disability than the general population. We aimed to estimate the monetary cost of IBD for the individual through assessment of earnings in relation to diagnosis.

Methods
Through linkage of national registers, we identified patients aged 30–55 years at first IBD diagnosis in Sweden in 2002–2011, and same-sex IBD-free siblings. We estimated taxable earnings and disposable income from 5 years before to 5 years after diagnosis.

Results
The 5961 patients [27% Crohn’s disease, 68% ulcerative colitis, 4.3% IBD unclassified] had similar taxable earnings to their 7810 siblings until the year of diagnosis, when earnings decreased and remained lower than for siblings during follow-up. The adjusted difference in earnings over the entire 5-year period after diagnosis was −5% [−8212€; 95% confidence interval: −11 458 to −4967€]. The difference was greater in women than in men, and greater in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis. When stratifying for sex and IBD subtype and comparing earnings during each year of follow-up, median annual earnings were lower in women with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis than in their sisters during all years of follow-up, whereas the men had similar annual taxable earnings to their brothers. Disposable income was similar between patients and siblings during the investigated time period.

Conclusion
From the year of diagnosis and at least 5 years onwards, patients with IBD had 5% lower earnings than siblings, mainly explained by differences between women with IBD and their sisters. However, there were no differences in disposable income.
Weeds Impose Unique Outcomes for Pests, Natural Enemies, and Yield in Two Vegetable Crops
Authors: Madden Melina K , Widick Ivy V , Blubaugh Carmen K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWeed management requires enormous labor investments from vegetable farmers, yet crops vary in how much weed pressure they can tolerate without yield loss. Moreover, until weeds reach a point where they threaten yield or approach seed production, they can increase biodiversity and provision food and habitat to attract predatory insects. In two related field experiments, we quantified impacts of weed presence and diversity on pests, predators, and biocontrol of both weed seeds and insect prey. We also measured yields of two vegetables that vary in competitiveness (eggplants and turnips) across two weed management treatments (weedy and weed-free), to determine productivity costs of tolerating weeds. Allowing weeds to grow adjacent to rows of eggplants increased abundances of predators and reduced pests. Surprisingly, relaxing weed management came at no cost to eggplant yield. In contrast, tolerating weeds in turnips had strong yield costs, and did not benefit predators or decrease pest pressure. On both crops, pests declined as weed diversity increased. Yet, weed treatments had no impact on consumption of weed seeds or sentinel prey by soil-surface insects, which were dominated by red imported fire ants. Our results suggest that highly competitive crops might benefit from stronger natural pest control when weeds are less-aggressively managed. However, herbivores and predators had unique responses to weeds that were crop-specific. To help farmers allocate limited weed management labor resources, future work should examine the relative competitiveness of a wider variety of vegetables over a gradient of weed pressure while measuring corresponding impacts on pest control.
Predictors of pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation according to kind of prosthesis and risk profile: a systematic review and contemporary meta-analysis
Authors: Bruno Francesco , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Vaira Matteo Pio , Elia Edoardo , Omedè Pierluigi , Kodali Susheel , Barbanti Marco , Rodès-Cabau Josep , Husser Oliver , Sossalla Samuel , Van Mieghem Nicolas M , Bax Jeroen , Hildick-Smith David , Munoz-Garcia Antonio , Pollari Francesco , Fischlein Theodor , Budano Carlo , Montefusco Antonio , Gallone Guglielmo , De Filippo Ovidio , Rinaldi Mauro , la Torre Michele , Salizzoni Stefano , Atzeni Francesco , Pocar Marco , Conrotto Federico , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPermanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) may be required after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Evidence on PPI prediction has largely been gathered from high-risk patients receiving first-generation valve implants. We undertook a meta-analysis of the existing literature to examine the incidence and predictors of PPI after TAVI according to generation of valve, valve type, and surgical risk.Methods and resultsWe made a systematic literature search for studies with ≥100 patients reporting the incidence and adjusted predictors of PPI after TAVI. Subgroup analyses examined these features according to generation of valve, specific valve type, and surgical risk. We obtained data from 43 studies, encompassing 29 113 patients. Permanent pacemaker implantation rates ranged from 6.7% to 39.2% in individual studies with a pooled incidence of 19% (95% CI 16–21). Independent predictors for PPI were age [odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.09], left bundle branch block (LBBB) (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12–1.77), right bundle branch block (RBBB) (OR 4.15, 95% CI 3.23–4.88), implantation depth (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.26), and self-expanding valve prosthesis (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.39–4.59). Among subgroups analysed according to valve type, valve generation and surgical risk, independent predictors were RBBB, self-expanding valve type, first-degree atrioventricular block, and implantation depth.ConclusionsThe principle independent predictors for PPI following TAVI are age, RBBB, LBBB, self-expanding valve type, and valve implantation depth. These characteristics should be taken into account in pre-procedural assessment to reduce PPI rates. PROSPERO ID CRD42020164043.
Multi-objective forestry increases the production of ecosystem services
Authors: Díaz-Yáñez Olalla , Pukkala Timo , Packalen Petteri , Lexer Manfred J , Peltola Heli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Boreal forests produce multiple ecosystem services for the society. Their trade-offs determine whether they should be produced simultaneously or whether it is preferable to assign separate areas to different ecosystem services. We use simulation and optimization to analyse the correlations, trade-offs and production levels of several ecosystem services in single- and multi-objective forestry over 100 years in a boreal forest landscape. The case study area covers 3600 ha of boreal forest, consisting of 3365 stands. The ecosystem services and their indicators (in parentheses) considered are carbon sequestration (forestry carbon balance), biodiversity (amount of deadwood and broadleaf volume), economic profitability of forestry (net present value of timber production) and timber supply to forest industry (volume of harvested timber). The treatment alternatives simulated for each of the stands include both even-aged rotation forestry (thinning from above with clear cut) and continuous cover forestry regimes (thinning from above with no clear cut). First, we develop 200 Pareto optimal plans by maximizing multi-attribute utility functions using random weights for the ecosystem service indicators. Second, we compare the average level of ecosystem services in single- and multi-objective forestry. Based on our findings, forestry carbon balance and the amount of deadwood correlate positively with each other, and both of them correlate negatively with harvested timber volume and economic profitability of forestry. Despite this, the simultaneous maximization of multiple objectives increased the overall production levels of several ecosystem services, which suggests that the management of boreal forests should be multi-objective to sustain the simultaneous provision of timber and other ecosystem services.
“Am I a Jew?”: Soviet Jewish Youth and Antisemitism on the Home Front during the Second World War
Authors: Belsky Natalie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the wake of the Nazi invasion of June 1941, over one million Soviet Jews were resettled in Central Asia, Siberia, and the Volga and Ural regions for the duration of the war. Prewar antisemitic prejudices and stereotypes, as well as increasingly difficult living conditions, fueled further anti-Jewish sentiment. Children and teenagers were particularly susceptible to harassment because of their frequent contact with local youths at school or in the streets. Often unprepared to deal with these negative attitudes, their responses to and internalization of these early experiences with antisemitism constituted a critical, transformative moment, prompting them to grapple with the meaning of their Jewish identity within the Soviet context.
Constitutionalizing a perpetual transition: The “integration” of the Pashtun “tribal areas” in Pakistan
Authors: Cheema Moeen , Yousaf Farooq 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article charts the historical marginalization of Pashtun tribal areas to the periphery of the Pakistani state and undertakes an analysis of the recent movement for their integration in Pakistan’s constitutional structure. It also analyzes contemporaneous developments in Pakistan’s constitutional system, in particular the accommodation of a stronger form of federalism and the emergence of a powerful judiciary brandishing robust judicial review and fundamental rights jurisdictions, which have provided both the backdrop and impetus to the integration of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan’s constitutional system of governance. The article asserts that this case study of FATA’s integration demands an acknowledgment of the deeply political and inherently transitional nature of constitutionalism in Pakistan, and arguably many other parts of the Global South.
Consistency, convergence and error estimates for a mixed finite element–finite volume scheme to compressible Navier–Stokes equations with general inflow/outflow boundary data
Authors: Kwon Young-Sam , Novotný Antonín 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study convergence of a mixed finite element-finite volume scheme for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the isentropic regime under the full range $1&lt;\gamma &lt;\infty $ of the adiabatic coefficients $\gamma $ for the problem with general nonzero inflow–outflow boundary conditions. We propose a modification of Karper’s scheme (2013, A convergent FEM-DG method for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Numer. Math., 125, 441–510) in order to accommodate the nonzero boundary data, prove existence of its solutions, establish the stability and uniform estimates, derive a convenient consistency formulation of the balance laws and use it to show the weak convergence of the numerical solutions to a dissipative solution with the Reynolds defect introduced in Abbatiello et al. (2021, Generalized solutions to models of compressible viscous fluids. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 41, 1--28). If the target system admits a strong solution then the convergence is strong towards the strong solution. Moreover, we establish the convergence rate of the strong convergence in terms of the size of the space discretization $h$ (which is supposed to be comparable with the time step $\varDelta t$). In the case of the nonzero inflow–outflow boundary data all results are new. The latter result is new also for the no-slip boundary conditions and adiabatic coefficients $\gamma $ less than the threshold $3/2$.