bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Journey
Authors: Meizel Katherine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 discusses the ways in which four transgender singers understand their relationships with voice in extremely individual ways, and how shifts in vocality impact their senses of identity. Each singer who chooses transition—medically assisted or not—lives the process uniquely. Vocality has served different functions and generated different meanings for each of these singers, whose experiences collectively underline the idea of “transition” as an ongoing journey rather than a destination. This chapter presents the multivocal nature of transvocality not as merely double-voicednessand not inevitably about leaving one voice and one identity entirely behind for a newer, “truer” one. Instead, it is a space in which a fluid continuum of selfness, embodied and performed, vibrates differently in every throat.
Metaphysics as a Fiction
Authors: Rosen Gideon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Realists about metaphysics hold that the aim of the enterprise is to state the truth about the fundamental structure of reality and the principles by means of which reality as a whole is built up from that fundamental structure. Fictionalists hold, by contrast, that metaphysics aims to produce theories (or models) of the fundamental structure that satisfy certain self-imposed constraints: consistency with evolving science, coherence, plausibility by the standards of one or another philosophical subculture, and so on. This chapter distinguishes scientific metaphysics (the sort of metaphysics that rounds out the scientific image by settling theoretical questions unaddressed by scientists) from speculative metaphysics (the sort of metaphysics that tackles questions remote from science) and recommends a version of fictionalism about the latter.
The Crisis of Corruption
Authors: Gillies Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Observing oil boom corruption is like placing a drop of dye in the circulatory system of global corruption, and watching it reveal the system’s channels and pathways as it spreads and spreads. Chapter 1 kicks off these observations. It explains how witnessing an upsurge in graft while working in Nigeria motivated me to write this book and outlines its contents. The chapter also contains background on the players and peculiarities of the oil sector and on the book’s approach to defining corruption.
Illusory Looks
Authors: Glüer Kathrin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne debate the Pyrrhonian skeptics had with the Epicureans concerned the relation between sense perceptions and beliefs. The debate centers on the Epicurean claim that all perceptions are true, a claim rejected by the Skeptics, who proceed on the assumption that there is no judgment component in perception, and it echoes widely through today’s philosophy of perception. In the past the author has defended a non-standard version of intentionalism, according to which (visual) experiences indeed are beliefs, but have contents—so-called looks-contents—that, if ever, very rarely are false. This chapter works out how this view can nevertheless account for non-veridical experience. It harnesses the rational role of experience to work out a precise way of characterizing non-veridical experience in terms of misleadingness.
Variation and Change in Appearances
Authors: Martin M. G. F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsider sentence (1): The boat looks immense, yet it also looks small. Predications of “is immense” and “is small” applied to the same object appear to be contradictory, but (1) need not be contradictory. When do appearances conflict with each other, and how can this be marked in our judgments about appearance? In 1953, G. E. Moore argued that the possible truth of (1) shows that there must be multiple senses of “looks.” Moore’s example prefigures by thirty years a much-cited discussion by Christopher Peacocke about trees and apparent size with which Peacocke illustrates a contrast between sensational and representational properties of experience. This chapter argues that Moore’s argument for different senses of “looks” is unsound, and hence that we need a different explanation of how we mark the contrast between appearances which conflict and those which do not. The essay closes by offering such an account.
Gravitational waves
Authors: Andersson Nils 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the notion of gravitational waves, starting with a discussion of weak fluctuations on a flat spacetime background and later extending the notion to a general curved spacetime. The effect the waves have on matter is described and the derivation of the quadrupole formula, which allows estimates of the strength of relevant sources, is outlined. The vexing issue of the energy carried by gravitational waves is also discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Doyle Timothy , Rumley Dennis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We begin this book with a discussion and analysis of the contested Indo-Pacific concept in order to highlight the variation in the nature of the construction and acceptance of its varying meanings. In this chapter we argue that it is critical to establish that the Indo-Pacific is not just about the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Of course, these oceans, in biogeographical terms, remain central to most constructions of what the Indo-Pacific is—a confluence of two great, geo-oceanic systems. It can also be understood as the meeting place of these two oceans, a littoral zone between the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. In this chapter we argue that the Indo-Pacific is also about land—those countries which both directly abut the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but also those which sometimes operate within it, in terms of trade, culture, and security—but whose heartlands exist beyond these oceanic catchments.
Regional Middle Powers and the Indo-Pacific Strategic Narrative
Authors: Doyle Timothy , Rumley Dennis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we argue that, in the Indo-Pacific region since the ‘end’ of the ‘old’ Cold War, there has been a process of political and economic competition among regional great powers for influence over Indo-Pacific core middle powers. One of the essential aims of this process is to create a regional middle power coalition in opposition to either China or the US, one of the elements of the new Cold War. As a result, the foreign policies of US-co-opted states will exhibit a shift in emphasis towards support for the US pivot and an expression of a greater foreign policy interest than heretofore in the Indo-Pacific region, following the US. The result is that an Indo-Pacific self-identification and an ‘Indo-Pacific narrative’ become important components of the foreign policy rhetoric and debate of US-co-opted states.
Monoids and Comonoids
Authors: Heunen Chris , Vicary Jamie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The tensor product of a monoidal category allows us to consider multiplications on its objects, leading to an abstract notion of monoid. This chapter investigates monoids and their relation to dual objects, as well as comonoids, which axiomatize copying and deleting operations. These play a major role in the categorical description of classical information, since classical information can be copied and deleted, while quantum information cannot. We prove categorical no-deleting and no-cloning theorems, showing that if these structures are able to copy and delete every state of the system, then the category collapses. We also characterize when a tensor product is a categorical product.
Complementarity
Authors: Heunen Chris , Vicary Jamie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Complementarity is a property of a pair of observables being ‘maximally distinct’ from each other and, in this chapter, we analyse this property in categorical terms as a pair of interacting Frobenius structures. Complementary observables play a central role in quantum information theory, and we will see how they can be used to understand the structure of the Deutsch—Jozsa algorithm. We show that complementarity is closely linked to the theory of Hopf algebras. We discuss how many-qubit gates can be modelled using only complementary Frobenius structures, such as controlled negation, controlled phase gates and arbitrary single qubit gates. This leads to the ZX calculus, a sound and complete way to handle quantum computations using only equations in the graphical calculus.
How the Philosophy Gets In
Authors: Wall Jesse 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter outlines some of the philosophical foundations of medical law, considering two ways in which philosophy infiltrates the law. First, philosophy gets in through reasoning about the law; it gets through via explanations, criticisms, and recommended reforms of the law. Second, philosophy gets into reasoning according to the law; it gets in when meaning is ascribed to a legal standard, its content is substantiated, and its scope is qualified. The chapter then looks at the suggestion that, in all of these instances, it is not philosophy that gets into medical law, but it is the law borrowing philosophical materials to put to its owns distinct use.
Medical Privacy and Big Data
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the challenge that big data brings to medical privacy. Big data promises to significantly enhance the power of medicine to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. With this promise, however, come significant privacy risks to data subjects who could suffer unfair discrimination, exposure, extortion, and limited access to health care. To minimize these risks, inappropriate uses of data should be outlawed, and consent must be sought from data subjects, even if it is a limited form of consent such as tiered consent or consent from a data trust. Bad data practices should be made illegal, corporations managing sensitive data ought to respect fiduciary duties and confidentiality, as well as implement the best possible security protocols, and periodically delete data. Regulation must ensure that private companies do not monopolize medical data. I argue that the most effective way of protecting people from suffering unfair medical consequences is by having a public universal health-care system.
Electoral Shocks
Authors: Fieldhouse Edward , Green Jane , Evans Geoffrey , Mellon Jonathan , Prosser Christopher , Schmitt Hermann , van der Eijk Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This book offers a novel perspective on British elections, focusing on the importance of increasing electoral volatility in British elections, and the role of electoral shocks in the context of increasing volatility. It demonstrates how shocks have contributed to the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account of specific election outcomes—the General Elections of 2015 and 2017—and a more general approach to understanding electoral change.We examine five electoral shocks that affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in EU immigration after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum in 2016.Our focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the long-term trends that have led us to this point. It offers a way to understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Labour’s disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the EU Referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and beyond, and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.
Conclusions
Authors: Fieldhouse Edward , Green Jane , Evans Geoffrey , Mellon Jonathan , Prosser Christopher , Schmitt Hermann , van der Eijk Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the main arguments of the book and discusses how each of the five shocks shaped the outcomes of the 2015 and 2017 general elections. We reflect on the role played by the three different mechanisms identified in our theory—salience, competence, and party image—which had varying degrees of importance in the impact of each shock. We consider whether the changes might be long-lasting and how new identities may (or may not) replace fading party identities, and the implications our book has for the future of British politics, and for a more general understanding of electoral change.
A Rhetorics of the Word
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A Rhetorics of the Word is the second volume of a three-part philosophy of Christian life. It approaches Christian life as expressive of a divine calling or vocation. The word Church (ekklesia) and the role of naming in baptism indicate the fundamental place of calling in Christian life. However, ideas of vocation are difficult to access in a world shaped by the experience of disenchantment. The difficulties of articulating vocation are explored with reference to Weber, Heidegger, and Kierkegaard. These are further connected to a general crisis of language, manifesting in the degradation of political discourse (Arendt) and the impact of new communications technology on human discourse. This impact can be seen as reinforcing an occlusion of language in favour of rationality already evidenced in the philosophical tradition and technocratic management. New possibilities for thinking vocation are pursued through the biblical prophets (with emphasis on Buber’s and Rosenzweig’s reinterpretation of the call of Moses), Saint John, and Russian philosophies of language (Florensky to Bakhtin). Vocation emerges as bound up with the possibility of being name-bearers, enabling a mutuality of call and response. This is then evidenced further in ethics and poetics, where Levinas and Hermann Broch (The Death of Virgil) become major points of reference. In conclusion, the themes of calling and the name are seen to shape the possibility of love—the subject of the final part of the philosophy of Christian life: A Metaphysics of Love.
The Evolutionary Road to Human Memory
Authors: Murray Elisabeth A. , Wise Steven P. , Baldwin Mary K. L. , Graham Kim S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We tend to think about memory in terms of our own experience, but a series of our direct ancestors—from the earliest vertebrates to archaic humans—also had memories. The evolutionary history that we share with these ancestral species has left its mark on modern memory, complemented by other forms of memory that are uniquely human. This book traces the long evolutionary road to human memory by explaining how a series of now-extinct ancestral species adapted to life in their world, in their time and place. As they did, new brain areas appeared, each of which supported an innovative form of memory that helped them gain an advantage in life. Through inheritance and modification across millions of years, these evolutionary novelties created several kinds of memory that influence the human mind today. Then, during human evolution, yet another new kind of memory emerged: about ourselves and others. This evolutionary innovation ignited human imagination; empowered us to remember and talk about a personal past; and enabled the sharing of knowledge about our world, our cultures, and ourselves. Through these developments, evolution made it possible for every individual, day upon day, to add new pages to the story of a life: the remarkable, rich record of experiences and knowledge that make up a human mind.
Islands on the Horizon
Authors: Riquet Johannes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the mediation of perception across the border of the tropical island. It initially discusses how the accounts of European explorers in the Pacific turned islands into discrete, highly aestheticized images. It then traces the multimedial paths along which these island-images travelled from the Pacific journals into the American cultural imaginary, manifested by Hollywood’s island films in the 1920s and 1930s, which transform the (proto-cinematic) visual strategies of the journals. While the chapter discusses the ideological needs Western island-images have been made to serve, it is especially interested in how these texts and films resist the freezing of the island into a bounded image and ask readers and viewers to reflect on their own aesthetic experience of islands. Accordingly, it complicates the cinematic gaze from the water to the island in three films: White Shadows in the South Seas (1928), The Hurricane (1937), and, finally, King Kong (1933).
From Insularity to Islandness
Authors: Riquet Johannes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 draws on (post-)phenomenology, ecocriticism, and Benoît Mandelbrot’s fractal geometry to examine a set of diaries and memoirs from the US–Canadian border region in the Pacific Northwest that express a permeable conception of islands and the islanded self. It argues that memoirs like Helene Glidden’s The Light on the Island (1951), Muriel Wylie Blanchet’s The Curve of Time (1961), and David Conover’s Once Upon an Island (1967) imagine islands as spaces inserted within larger ecological and geological continuities. Their reimagination of islands in multiple interconnectedness disrupts arbitrarily drawn political borders, yet they also have a tendency to construct a unified ecological landscape with its own exclusions. Conversely, George Vancouver’s North Pacific journal—the foundational text for this chapter—and the geological diary of George Gibbs inadvertently offer a more radical island poetics: in these texts, the unfamiliar islandscapes aesthetically resist the cartographic drive to fix them.
Political Leadership and the European Commission Presidency
Authors: Müller Henriette 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The EU’s pluralistic, nonhierarchical system of multilevel governance lacks clear structures of both government and opposition. According to the EU treaties, the presidency of the European Commission is thus not explicitly expected to exercise political leadership. However, the position cannot effectively be exercised without any demonstration of such leadership due to its many leadership functions. Examining this curious mix of strong political demands, weak institutional powers, and need for political leadership, this book systematically analyzes the political leadership performance of the presidents of the European Commission throughout the process of European integration. The basic argument is that Commission presidents matter not only in the process of European integration, but that their impact varies according to how the different incumbents deal with the institutional structure and the situational circumstances, and thus their available strategic choices. The primary research question is thus: What makes political leadership in European governance successful and to what extent (and why) do Commission presidents differ in their leadership performance? In addressing this question, this book departs from existing research on EU leadership, which has to date often analyzed either the EU’s institutional structure and its potential for leadership or mainly focused on only the most recent incumbents in case study analyses. Focusing on the multiterm European Commission presidents Walter Hallstein, Jacques Delors, and José Manuel Barroso, this book conceptualizes their political leadership as a performance, and thus systematically analyzes their agenda-setting, mediative-institutional, and public outreach performance over the entire course of their presidential terms.
Liberal Nationalism and the Challenge of Essentialism
Authors: Moore Margaret 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the criticisms that is sometimes made of liberal nationalism is that it is essentialist. The assumption seems to be that essentialism is a problem for any theory that relies on or appeals to the idea of cultural groups. This chapter considers two conceptions of culture that claim not to be essentialist—Miller’s family resemblance conception, and Patten’s social lineage conception. It evaluates both of these, arguing that they share a similar difficulty in individuating between cultural groups, and then proposes an amendment to these accounts, which addresses this problem, while remaining non-essentialist.
Beyond National Identity
Authors: Banting Keith , Harell Allison , Kymlicka Will , Wallace Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the sources of an inclusive solidarity in diverse societies, building on the intuition in liberal nationalism that solidarity is rooted in a sense of shared membership in a national community, but moving beyond the focus on the national identity of the majority population which dominates existing research. The chapter examines the public’s perceptions of the deservingness of minorities for social support. If nationhood entails an ethic of membership, the public’s judgements of deservingness will depend on whether these groups are seen as committed to the national community, as willing members of ‘us’. Empirical support is drawn from a custom-designed survey in Canada, which explored majority perceptions of immigrants and ethnic minorities. The findings confirmed that judgements of deservingness for social support reflect whether the majority thinks newcomers and minority groups identify with the national community, accept the community’s rules, and are prepared to contribute to thesharing of resources when they can. The chapter reflects on the empirical issues and normative dilemmas raised by these findings.
An Ancient Dream Manual
Authors: Thonemann Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Artemidorus’ Oneirocritica (‘The Interpretation of Dreams’) is the only dream-book which has been preserved from Graeco-Roman antiquity. Composed around ad 200, it is a treatise and manual on dreams, their classification, and the various analytical tools which should be applied to their interpretation. Artemidorus travelled widely through Greece, Asia, and Italy to collect people’s dreams and record their outcomes, in the process casting a vivid light on social mores and religious beliefs in the Severan age. This book aims to provide the non-specialist reader with a readable and engaging road-map to this vast and complex text. It offers a detailed analysis of Artemidorus’ theory of dreams and the social function of ancient dream-interpretation; it also aims to help the reader to understand the ways in which Artemidorus might be of interest to the cultural or social historian of the Graeco-Roman world. The book includes chapters on Artemidorus’ life, career, and worldview; his conceptions of the human body, sexuality, the natural world, and the gods; his attitudes towards Rome, the contemporary Greek polis, and the social order; and his knowledge of Greek literature, myth and history. The book is intended to serve as a companion to the new translation of The Interpretation of Dreams by Martin Hammond, published simultaneously with this volume in the Oxford World’s Classics series.