bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting dark matter and cosmic acceleration
Authors: Cárdenas Víctor H. , Lepe Samuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of an explicit interaction between two scalar fields components describing dark matter in the context of a recent proposal framework for interaction. We find that, even assuming a very small coupling, it is sufficient to explain the observational effects of a cosmological constant, and also overcome the problems of the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model without assuming an exotic dark energy.
The integration of public domain lithostratigraphic data into a series of cross-border North Sea well-penetration maps
Authors: Kombrink Henk , Patruno Stefano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As geological information about the North Sea is increasingly made available to the public, there is great potential to build cross-border datasets to enable people to more rapidly filter relevant geological data and also to better understand and further study the subsurface. This paper discusses the construction of such a geological database and presents the associated map set. Public domain lithostratigraphic data from petroleum exploration and appraisal wells drilled in the Norwegian, Danish, German, Dutch and UK North Sea sectors were used to create a series of 13 well-penetration maps, ranging from Basement to Eocene age. In order to produce the maps, lithostratigraphic well tops had to be translated into a chronostratigraphic scheme, followed by building a database and subsequent mapping in a GIS. Three well categories were used for each of the maps: wells that (1) fully penetrate a chronostratigraphic interval, (2) prove it is absent or (3) reach total depth in the interval under consideration. The resulting maps, which will all be discussed and presented in this paper, form a starting point for multiple types of (petroleum) geological screening studies. The North Sea database is freely available in QGIS format and can be easily imported into any geospatial software platform.
RNNFast
Authors: Samavatian Mohammad Hossein , Bacha Anys , Zhou Li , Teodorescu Radu 
Published: September 2020

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are an important class of neural networks designed to retain and incorporate context into current decisions. RNNs are particularly well suited for machine learning problems in which context is important, such as speech recognition and language translation.
This work presents RNNFast, a hardware accelerator for RNNs that leverages an emerging class of non-volatile memory called domain-wall memory (DWM). We show that DWM is very well suited for RNN acceleration due to its very high density and low read/write energy. At the same time, the sequential nature of input/weight processing of RNNs mitigates one of the downsides of DWM, which is the linear (rather than constant) data access time.
RNNFast is very efficient and highly scalable, with flexible mapping of logical neurons to RNN hardware blocks. The basic hardware primitive, the RNN processing element (PE), includes custom DWM-based multiplication, sigmoid and tanh units for high density and low energy. The accelerator is designed to minimize data movement by closely interleaving DWM storage and computation. We compare our design with a state-of-the-art GPGPU and find 21.8× higher performance with 70× lower energy.
Association between Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Lung Cancer Treatment and Individual- and Area-Level Factors: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Authors: Wah Win , Stirling Rob G. , Ahern Susannah , Earnest Arul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Guideline-concordant treatment (GCT) of lung cancer has been observed to vary across geographic regions over the years. However, there is little evidence as to what extent this variation is explained by differences in patients’ clinical characteristics versus contextual factors, including socioeconomic inequalities.

Methods:
This study evaluated the independent effects of individual- and area-level risk factors on geographic and temporal variation in receipt of GCT among patients with lung cancer. Receipt of GCT was defined on the basis of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. We used Bayesian spatial-temporal multilevel models to combine individual and areal predictors and outcomes while accounting for geographically structured and unstructured correlation and linear and nonlinear trends.

Results:
Our study included 4,854 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases, reported to the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry between 2011 and 2018. Area-level data comprised socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness data at the local government area level in Victoria, Australia. Around 60.36% of patients received GCT, and the rates varied across geographic areas over time. This variation was mainly associated with poor performance status, advanced clinical stages, NSCLC types, public hospital insurance, area-level deprivation, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the need to address disparities in receipt of GCT among patients with lung cancer with poor performance status, NSCLC, advanced clinical stage, stage I–III SCLC, stage III NSCLC, public hospital insurance, and comorbidities, and living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

Impact:
Two-year mortality outcomes significantly improved with GCT. Interventions aimed at reducing these inequalities could help to improve lung cancer outcomes.
Electroencephalography Might Improve Diagnosis of Acute Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Erani Fareshte , Zolotova Nadezhda , Vanderschelden Benjamin , Khoshab Nima , Sarian Hagop , Nazarzai Laila , Wu Jennifer , Chakravarthy Bharath , Hoonpongsimanont Wirachin , Yu Wengui , Shahbaba Babak , Srinivasan Ramesh , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Clinical methods have incomplete diagnostic value for early diagnosis of acute stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO). Electroencephalography is rapidly sensitive to brain ischemia. This study examined the diagnostic utility of electroencephalography for acute stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and for LVO.

Methods:
Patients (n=100) with suspected acute stroke in an emergency department underwent clinical exam then electroencephalography using a dry-electrode system. Four models classified patients, first as acute stroke/TIA or not, then as acute stroke with LVO or not: (1) clinical data, (2) electroencephalography data, (3) clinical+electroencephalography data using logistic regression, and (4) clinical+electroencephalography data using a deep learning neural network. Each model used a training set of 60 randomly selected patients, then was validated in an independent cohort of 40 new patients.

Results:
Of 100 patients, 63 had a stroke (43 ischemic/7 hemorrhagic) or TIA (13). For classifying patients as stroke/TIA or not, the clinical data model had area under the curve=62.3, whereas clinical+electroencephalography using deep learning neural network model had area under the curve=87.8. Results were comparable for classifying patients as stroke with LVO or not.

Conclusions:
Adding electroencephalography data to clinical measures improves diagnosis of acute stroke/TIA and of acute stroke with LVO. Rapid acquisition of dry-lead electroencephalography is feasible in the emergency department and merits prehospital evaluation.
Young Women Had More Strokes Than Young Men in a Large, United States Claims Sample
Authors: Leppert Michelle H. , Ho P. Michael , Burke James , Madsen Tracy E. , Kleindorfer Dawn , Sillau Stefan , Daugherty Stacie , Bradley Cathy J. , Poisson Sharon N. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Cardiovascular risk factors, which are overall more prevalent in men, are considered the major risk factors for strokes among young adults. However, recent European data found the incidence of strokes to be higher in young women. Using a large US claims sample, we examined sex differences in the index stroke rate of young adults.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of enrollees in a 10% random sample of PharMetrics, a nationally representative claims database of insured Americans from 2001 to 2014. Outcomes were index ischemic stroke events, based on inpatient admissions using
International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision
codes. The index stroke rate was estimated from Poisson rate models with time varying covariates for 2-year periods, stratified by sex and age groups.

Results:
We identified 20 554 index strokes (50.4% women; mean age 63) including 5198 in young adults ages 15 to 54. There was no difference by sex in the index stroke rate in the extremes of age groups 15 to 24 and ≥75 years old. However, in the 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 year age groups, more women had strokes than men (incidence rate ratio: men:women, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57–0.86]; 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78–0.98], respectively). In contrast, in the 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 year age groups, more men had strokes (incidence rate ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.16–1.33]; 1.41 [95% CI, 1.18–1.34]; 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12–125], respectively).

Conclusions:
More young women than men have strokes, suggesting possible importance of sex-mediated etiologies of stroke. Understanding these drivers is critical to stroke treatment and prevention efforts in young adults.
The Impact of No-Loan Program Participation on the Likelihood of Graduate School Enrollment Among Low-Income, First-Generation Students
Authors: Ortagus Justin C. , Kramer Dennis A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research shows that low-income and first-generation college students are less likely to obtain the benefits associated with attending graduate school. No-loan programs, which typically administer financial aid through institutional grants, are designed to improve access and success among students from low-income backgrounds, but we know very little about the influence of no-loan programs after students enroll and eventually graduate from college. This study examines the impact of no-loan program participation on graduate school enrollment by leveraging a novel institutional dataset and applying regression discontinuity, difference-in-differences, and propensity score weighting approaches. Results indicate that no-loan program participation has a positive and relatively consistent impact on graduate school enrollment among low-income and first-generation students.
Graphical Data Sets as Compositional Structure: Sonification of Color Graphs in RGB for Clarinet and Piano
Authors: Metcalf Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article follows the methodology behind the composition of the author's piece RGB (2019) for clarinet and piano, a sonification of four color graphs generated from Jackson Pollock's Out of the Web (1949). The article demonstrates the process of “mapping” data to sound while creating allowances for compositional intuition. In this way, the author hopes to demonstrate the usefulness and flexibility of composing with this approach, as well as its future implications and potential improvements, while acknowledging that this is a specific example of such an approach rather than an all-encompassing taxonomy for any visual input.
CROSSINN: A Field Experiment to Study the Three-Dimensional Flow Structure in the Inn Valley, Austria
Authors: Adler Bianca , Gohm Alexander , Kalthoff Norbert , Babić Nevio , Corsmeier Ulrich , Lehner Manuela , Rotach Mathias W. , Haid Maren , Markmann Piet , Gast Eckhard , Tsaknakis George , Georgoussis George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile the exchange of mass, momentum, moisture, and energy over horizontally homogeneous, flat terrain is mostly driven by vertical turbulent mixing, thermally and dynamically driven mesoscale flows substantially contribute to the Earth–atmosphere exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer over mountainous terrain (MoBL). The interaction of these processes acting on multiple scales leads to a large spatial variability in the MoBL, whose observational detection requires comprehensive instrumentation and a sophisticated measurement strategy. We designed a field campaign that targets the three-dimensional flow structure and its impact on the MoBL in a major Alpine valley. Taking advantage of an existing network of surface flux towers and remote sensing instrumentation in the Inn Valley, Austria, we added a set of ground-based remote sensing instruments, consisting of Doppler lidars, a ceilometer, a Raman lidar, and a microwave radiometer, and performed radio soundings and aircraft measurements. The objective of the Cross-Valley Flow in the Inn Valley Investigated by Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements (CROSSINN) experiment is to determine the mean and turbulent characteristics of the flow in the MoBL under different synoptic conditions and to provide an intensive dataset for the future validation of mesoscale and large-eddy simulations. A particular challenge is capturing the two-dimensional kinematic flow in a vertical plane across the whole valley using coplanar synchronized Doppler lidar scans, which allows the detection of cross-valley circulation cells. This article outlines the scientific objectives, instrument setup, measurement strategy, and available data; summarizes the synoptic conditions during the measurement period of 2.5 months; and presents first results.
Large-Scale Analysis of Global Gridded Precipitation and Temperature Datasets for Climate Change Impact Studies
Authors: Tarek Mostafa , Brissette François P. , Arsenault Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrently, there are a large number of diverse climate datasets in existence, which differ, sometimes greatly, in terms of their data sources, quality control schemes, estimation procedures, and spatial and temporal resolutions. Choosing an appropriate dataset for a given application is therefore not a simple task. This study compares nine global/near-global precipitation datasets and three global temperature datasets over 3138 North American catchments. The chosen datasets all meet the minimum requirement of having at least 30 years of available data, so they could all potentially be used as reference datasets for climate change impact studies. The precipitation datasets include two gauged-only products (GPCC and CPC-Unified), two satellite products corrected using ground-based observations (CHIRPS V2.0 and PERSIANN-CDR V1R1), four reanalysis products (NCEP CFSR, JRA55, ERA-Interim, and ERA5), and one merged product (MSWEP V1.2). The temperature datasets include one gauge-based (CPC-Unified) and two reanalysis (ERA-Interim and ERA5) products. High-resolution gauge-based gridded precipitation and temperature datasets were combined as the reference dataset for this intercomparison study. To assess dataset performance, all combinations were used as inputs to a lumped hydrological model. The results showed that all temperature datasets performed similarly, albeit with the CPC performance being systematically inferior to that of the other three. Significant differences in performance were, however, observed between the precipitation datasets. The MSWEP dataset performed best, followed by the gauge-based, reanalysis, and satellite datasets categories. Results also showed that gauge-based datasets should be preferred in regions with good weather network density, but CHIRPS and ERA5 would be good alternatives in data-sparse regions.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals working in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Healthcare Facilities in Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adegbuyi Theophilus A. , Fadare Joseph O. , Araromi Ebisola J. , Sijuade Abayomi O. , Bankole Iyanu , Fasuba Ilesanmi K. , Alabi Rachel A. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a significant global healthcare challenge associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs; however, there are concerns that ADRs are grossly under-reported by different categories of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in many countries. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting of HCPs working at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a self-administered questionnaire-based study conducted among HCPs working in Ekiti State, South-west Nigeria. The questionnaire which was adapted from ones used in similar studies was reviewed for content validity by experts in the field. Healthcare professionals (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, community health extension workers, and other allied HCPs) working in the 3 tiers of healthcare participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of sections on the demographics of respondents, their knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 25) employing t test, ANOVA and chi-square as appropriate with P-value < .05 accepted as being statistically significant. Results: Three hundred HCPs comprising of nurses (112; 37.3%), physicians (75; 25.0%), pharmacists (53; 17.7%), community health extension workers (40; 13.3%) and others (20; 6.7%) completed the questionnaire with 166 (55.3%) of them working in tertiary healthcare facilities. Male respondents (6.3 ± 1.7; P = .003), pharmacists (7.0 ± 1.6; P < .0001), HCPs and those from tertiary centers (6.2 ± 1.7; P = .028) had higher knowledge scores. While 228 (76%) respondents had observed incidents of ADR during their professional practice, only 75 (25%) have ever reported it. Only 113 (37.7%) of respondents had seen the adverse drug reaction reporting form with only 53 (17.7%) ever using it. The reporting methods preferred by respondents were through email/internet (102; 34.0%), phone/SMS (78; 26.0%) and using the hard copy of the forms (95; 31.7%). The attitude of respondents towards ADR reporting was mainly positive. Conclusion: There was significant variation in the knowledge of different categories of HCPs and facility levels about ADR reporting. Encouragingly, the overall attitude of respondents towards ADR reporting was positive. Based on the above, strategies are needed to build capacity of HCPs in the area of on adverse drug reaction and its’ reporting.
‘My wife is my doctor at home’: A qualitative study exploring the challenges of home-based palliative care in a resource-poor setting
Authors: Salifu Yakubu , Almack Kathryn , Caswell Glenys 
Published: September 2020

Background: Family caregiving is common globally, but when a family member needs palliative and end-of-life care, this requires knowledge and expertise in dealing with symptoms, medication, and treatment side effects. Caring for a family member with advanced prostate cancer in the home presents practical and emotional challenges, especially in resource-poor contexts, where there are increasing palliative cases without adequate palliative care institutions. Aim: The study explored palliative and end-of-life care experiences of family caregivers and patients living at home in a resource-poor context in Ghana. Design: This is a qualitative study using thematic analysis of face-to-face interviews at two-time points. Participants: Men living with advanced prostate cancer ( n = 23), family caregivers ( n = 23), healthcare professionals ( n = 12). Findings: Men with advanced prostate cancer face complex issues, including lack of access to professional care and a lack of resources for homecare. Family caregivers do not have easy access to professional support; they often have limited knowledge of disease progression. Patients have inadequate access to medication and other practical resources for homecare. Caregivers may be overburdened and perform the role of the patient’s ‘doctor’ at home-assessing patient’s symptoms, administering drugs, and providing hands-on care. Conclusion: Home-based care is promoted as an ideal and cost-effective model of care, particularly in Westernised palliative care models. However, in resource-poor contexts, there are significant challenges associated with the implementation of this model. This study revealed the scale of challenges family caregivers, who lack basic training on aspects of caring, face in providing home care unsupported by healthcare professionals.
Massive intra-abdominal recurrence after robotic-assisted radical cystectomy: A case report and critical appraisal of literature
Authors: Chiancone Francesco , Fabiano Marco , Califano Alfonso , Langella Nunzio Alberto , Pucci Luigi , Franzese Dario , Izzo Alessandro , Perdonà Sisto , Fedelini Paolo 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Over the years, the robotic surgery is gaining increasing importance in the treatment of bladder cancer. Some doubts remain about the oncological safety of robotic approach and alerts have been raised about the occurrence of atypical recurrences, including peritoneal carcinomatosis and port-site metastasis. Case presentation: The patient referred to our Emergency Department because of acute confusional state probably due to severe anemia and sepsis. A left nephroureterectomy, left hemicolectomy with end colostomy and the surgical excision of the huge mass was performed through a xipho-pubic incision associated to another left peri-stomal incision. The histological specimen analysis showed a high-grade sarcoma, not otherwise specified (sarcoma, NOS-type), measuring 29 cm × 8 cm × 5 cm in diameters. The left kidney and ureter were not infiltrated by the neoplasm while serosa membranes and muscular layers of left colon were infiltrated by the mass. The patient died because of a cardiac arrest 4 days after surgery. Discussion: RARC is a safe and feasible alternative to open radical cystectomy (ORC) with satisfactory operative time, little blood loss, and low transfusion rates. Despite this, RARC is associated with a low, but not neglectable, risk of atypical metastases like peritoneal implants and port-site metastasis. Although a small amount (7%) of RARC were performed in non-urothelial variants of bladder cancer, the sarcomatoid one can be related to a greater risk of atypical recurrence and special precaution should be taken to reduce potential causes of tumor seeding.
Youth Weigh In: Views on Advanced Neurotechnology for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Udwadia Farhad R. , McDonald Patrick J. , Connolly Mary B. , Hrincu Viorica , Illes Judy 
Published: September 2020

Background: Epilepsy affects over 500,000 children in North America of whom 30% have drug-resistant epilepsy. Advancements with neurotechnologies show promising benefits, but the perceptions of these procedures by youth is unknown. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 10 youth in British Columbia, Canada who underwent procedures for drug-resistant epilepsy involving different forms of neurotechnology (subdural grids, vagus nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation). Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative qualitative method. Results: Four major thematic categories emerged from the interviews. Treatment values, impact of the disorder, personal context, and impact of neurotechnology. Conclusions: Besides the predictable goal of seizure reduction, a desire for autonomy and the importance of trust in the medical team emerged as dominant values within the 4 thematic categories that were explicit to the use of new neurotechnologies for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy.