bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirming diagnoses of acute pancreatitis with commonly available electronic data
Authors: Nichols Gregory A. , Déruaz‐Luyet Anouk , Iliev Hristo , Brodovicz Kimberly G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecorded diagnoses of acute pancreatitis (AP) are often inaccurate resulting in limited utility for case identification in large data sources, especially where electronic medical records (EMR) are not available. Our objectives were to validate diagnoses of AP and to identify an algorithm using additional data to enhance the identification of AP cases in different data sources.MethodsWe randomly sampled 550 persons with an AP diagnosis from inpatient data or outpatient or emergency department diagnoses immediately preceding a hospitalization and 150 negative controls with a differential diagnosis (cholangitis or cholecystitis). We conducted an EMR review to confirm cases of AP and used logistic regression to develop EMR‐based and claims‐based algorithms to identify confirmed AP cases with variables typically available in electronic data sources. Algorithm performance was assessed using the C statistic, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value.ResultsOf the 550 patients with an AP diagnosis, 467 (84.9%) were confirmed cases. An AP diagnosis alone had high sensitivity (98.9%), modest specificity (63.6%), and a C statistic of 0.813. An EMR‐based model using an AP diagnosis, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, a serum lipase >3 times upper limit of normal and diabetes attained a C‐statistic of 0.914. A claims‐based model attained a C‐statistic of 0.892 using an AP diagnosis and dichotomous variables for whether a serum lipase test and/or an abdominal ultrasound was performed.ConclusionsOur simple algorithms increased the accuracy of identification of AP cases providing widespread applicability to epidemiological and drug safety studies.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure following different grazing intensities in an alpine grassland
Authors: Li Qian , Xiang Xingjia , Du Yangong , Li Yikang , Lin Li , Zhang Fawei , Guo Xiaowei , Cao Guangmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrazing alters the plant communities, soil properties, and habitat conditions of the alpine grassland. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are involved in the nutrient cycling of grassland ecosystems and form a mutual symbiosis with their host plants. Thus, AMF are sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing. However, the effects of grazing intensity on the AMF community composition and the association between AMF and environmental factors, such as soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and glomalin‐related soil proteins, remain unclear. Here, the response of the soil AMF community to grazing intensity gradients (i.e., light, moderate, and heavy grazing) was studied in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The dominant AMF families included Glomeraceae, Gigasporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, and Ambisporaceae. Significant shifts in the AMF community composition in response to grazing intensity were found in both surface and subsurface soils. Soil C/N ratio, plant diversity, soil compactness, chitinase activity, aboveground biomass, total N, soil moisture, and NO3−–N significantly correlated with changes in the AMF community composition. Heavy grazing intensity was associated with the highest AMF alpha diversity, whereas moderate grazing intensity had the lowest AMF alpha diversity in both surface and subsurface soils. Grazing intensity, dominant plants, soil C and N concentrations, and soil compactness were significantly correlated with AMF diversity. These results demonstrated a significant response of the AMF community to grazing intensity, suggesting that plants increase their reliance on AMF symbioses with higher alpha diversity in the heavily degraded alpine grasslands of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
Construction of Alkali‐metal‐based Imidazolecarboxylate Coordination Polymers as Efficient Catalysts for Solvent‐free Ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone
Authors: Tian Feng , Shen Nan , Huang Kun‐Lin , Chen Sheng‐Chun , Chen Qun , He Ming‐Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of new alkali‐metal‐based coordination polymers, [Li(H2IMDC)(H2O)]n (1), [Na2(H2IMDC)2(H3IMDC)2(H2O)4]n (2), and [K(H2IMDC)(H2O)]n (3), have been constructed under solvothermal conditions by using imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H3IMDC) as ligand. The structure of the complexes has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. The single crystal X‐ray structural studies showed that their structural dimensionalities varying from 1‐D zigzag chain, 2‐D 44‐sql network to 3‐D 4,6‐connected coordination framework are strongly governed by the ionic radii and coordination geometries of the metal cations. For the first time, the alkali‐metal‐based coordination polymers were demonstrated to be effective catalysts for the solvent‐free ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ‐caprolactone. The catalytic activity of complexes 1–3 depends on the metal cations, increasing in the order Li+ < Na+ < K+.
Efficient computation of the Euler–Kronecker constants of prime cyclotomic fields
Authors: Languasco Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new algorithm, which is faster and requires less computing resources than the ones previously known, to compute the Euler–Kronecker constants $${\mathfrak {G}}_q$$

G
q

for the prime cyclotomic fields $$ {\mathbb {Q}}(\zeta _q)$$

Q
(

ζ
q

)

, where q is an odd prime and $$\zeta _q$$

ζ
q

is a primitive q-root of unity. With such a new algorithm we evaluated $${\mathfrak {G}}_q$$

G
q

and $${\mathfrak {G}}_q^+$$

G
q
+

, where $${\mathfrak {G}}_q^+$$

G
q
+

is the Euler–Kronecker constant of the maximal real subfield of $${\mathbb {Q}}(\zeta _q)$$

Q
(

ζ
q

)

, for some very large primes q thus obtaining two new negative values of $${\mathfrak {G}}_q$$

G
q

: $${\mathfrak {G}}_{9109334831}= -0.248739\dotsc $$

G
9109334831

=
-
0.248739
⋯

and $${\mathfrak {G}}_{9854964401}= -0.096465\dotsc $$

G
9854964401

=
-
0.096465
⋯

We also evaluated $${\mathfrak {G}}_q$$

G
q

and $${\mathfrak {G}}^+_q$$

G

q
+

for every odd prime $$q\le 10^6$$

q
≤

10
6

, thus enlarging the size of the previously known range for $${\mathfrak {G}}_q$$

G
q

and $${\mathfrak {G}}^+_q$$

G

q
+

. Our method also reveals that the difference $${\mathfrak {G}}_q - {\mathfrak {G}}^+_q$$

G
q

-

G

q
+

can be computed in a much simpler way than both its summands, see Sect. 3.4. Moreover, as a by-product, we also computed $$M_q=\max _{\chi \ne \chi _0} \vert L^\prime /L(1,\chi ) \vert $$

M
q

=

max

χ
≠

χ
0

|

L
′

/
L

(
1
,
χ
)

|

for every odd prime $$q\le 10^6$$

q
≤

10
6

, where $$L(s,\chi )$$

L
(
s
,
χ
)

are the Dirichlet L-functions, $$\chi $$
χ
run over the non trivial Dirichlet characters mod q and $$\chi _0$$

χ
0

is the trivial Dirichlet character mod q. As another by-product of our computations, we will provide more data on the generalised Euler constants in arithmetic progressions.
First Adiabatic Invariants and Phase Space Densities for the Jovian Electron and Proton Radiation Belts—Galileo and GIRE3 Estimates
Authors: Garrett H. B. , Jun I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fluxes and phase space densities for a fixed first adiabatic invariant for high‐energy electrons and protons provide important inputs for various scientific studies for determining the physics of particle diffusion and energization. This study provides estimates of the first adiabatic invariant and phase space density based on the complete and large data base available from the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on Galileo for the Jovian environment. To be specific, 10 min averages of the high‐energy electron and proton data are used to compute differential flux spectra versus energy between L = 8 and 25 over the mission. These spectra provide estimates of the differential fluxes and phase space density for constant first adiabatic invariants between 102 and 105 MeV/G. As would be expected, the electron and proton fluxes and phase space densities generally trend lower as the planet is approached. The results indicate that, whereas the overall trends for each orbit are consistent, detailed orbit to orbit variations can be observed. Galileo orbit C22 is presented as an example of deviations from the mean downward trend. To validate the Galileo results and extend the findings into L = 3, the GIRE3 model was also used to compute the fluxes and phase space densities for constant first adiabatic invariant versus L‐shell. Comparison between GIRE3 and EPD demonstrates that the model adequately reproduces the EPD data trends and they consistently show additional variations near Io. This provides proof that the GIRE3 is a useful starting point for diffusion analyses and similar studies.
Satellite Formaldehyde to Support Model Evaluation
Authors: Harkey Monica , Holloway Tracey , Kim Eliot J. , Baker Kirk R. , Henderson Barron 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFormaldehyde (HCHO), a known carcinogen classified as a hazardous pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), is measured through monitoring networks across the U.S. Since these data are limited in spatial and temporal extent, model simulations from the U.S. EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are used to estimate ambient HCHO exposure for the EPA National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). Here, we employ satellite HCHO retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)—the NASA retrieval developed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and the European Union Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) retrieval—to evaluate three CMAQ configurations, spanning the summers of 2011 and 2016, with differing biogenic emissions inputs and chemical mechanisms. These CMAQ configurations capture the general spatial and temporal behavior of both satellite retrievals, but underestimate column HCHO, particularly in the western U.S. In the southeastern U.S., the comparison with OMI HCHO highlights differences in modeled meteorology and biogenic emissions even with differences in satellite retrievals. All CMAQ configurations show low daily correlations with OMI HCHO (r = 0.26–0.38), however, we find higher monthly correlations (r = 0.52–0.73), and the models correlate best with the OMI‐QA4ECV product. Compared to surface observations, we find improved agreement over a 24‐h period compared to afternoon‐only, suggesting daily HCHO amounts are captured with more accuracy than afternoon amounts. This work highlights the potential for synergistic improvements in modeling and satellite retrievals to support near‐surface HCHO estimates for the NATA and other applications.
Sediment Flows in South America Supported by Daily Hydrologic‐Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Fagundes H. O. , Fan F. M. , Paiva R. C. D. , Siqueira V. A. , Buarque D. C. , Kornowski L. W. , Laipelt L. , Collischonn W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuspended sediments (SSs) contribute to the maintenance of several ecosystems. However, intense soil erosion can lead to environmental, social, and economic impacts. South America (SA) has very high erosion and sediment transport rates. Here, we present a detailed description of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of natural SS flows in SA using the continental sediment model MGB‐SED AS. We evaluate the model with daily in situ data from 595 stations, information from regional studies and a global model. The model performance analysis showed that, in general, there was a better agreement between simulated and observed data than with the information found in regional studies and of the global model. The use of the hydrodynamic propagation method has allowed a better representation of sediment flows in rivers and floodplains. Based in the calibrated model results, SA delivers 1.00 × 109 t/year of SS to the oceans, in which the Amazon (4.36 × 108 t/year), Orinoco (1.37 × 108 t/year), La Plata (1.11 × 108 t/year), and Magdalena (3.26 × 107) rivers are the main suppliers. The floodplains play an essential role, retaining about 12% (2.40 × 107 t/year) of the SS loads reaching the rivers. In this study, data sets related to SS flows in SA were generated and can be used to support other large‐scale researches or policymakers and stakeholders for adequate management of continental land use.
Severe Bleeding Diathesis in Siblings with Platelet Dysfunction due to a Novel Nonsense RASGRP2 Mutation
Authors: Körholz Julia , Lucas Nadja , Boiti Franziska , Althaus Karina , Tiebel Oliver , Fang Mingyan , Berner Reinhard , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Knöfler Ralf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNext-generation sequencing is increasingly applied during the diagnostic work-up of patients with bleeding diathesis and has facilitated the diagnosis of rare bleeding disorders such as inherited platelet function disorders. Mutations in RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (RasGRP2), also known as calcium- and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI), underlie a recently described platelet signal transduction abnormality. Here we present the case of a consanguineous family originating from Afghanistan with two siblings affected by recurrent severe mucocutaneous bleedings. Platelet function testing demonstrated a marked reduction of aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine diphosphate. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense RASGRP2 mutation segregating with the bleeding disorder in the family.
Crystal structures of high-pressure phases formed in Si by laser irradiation
Authors: Iwata Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Saka Hiroyasu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internal modification induced in Si by a permeable pulse laser was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A laser induced modified volume (LIMV) was a cylindrical rod along the track of a laser beam with the head at the focus of the laser beam. In the LIMV, beside voids, dislocations, micro-cracks and what had been supposed to be an unidentified high-pressure phase (hpp) of Si were observed in LIMV. The so-called ‘hpp’ was identified mostly as diamond Si.
Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ha Duc M , Prochazka Allan V , Bekelman David B , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E , Chan Edward D , Keith Robert L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical activity and exercise improve function, symptom control, and health-related quality of life (QoL) for many cancer survivors; however, the evidence is limited and inconsistent in lung cancer. We examined the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and health-related QoL in a national sample of US lung cancer survivors.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We defined LTPA as a self-report of engaging in any physical activity or exercise such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise in the past 30 days, health-related QoL as the number of days of having poor physical or mental health in the past 30 days, and general health status. We analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Among 614 lung cancer survivors, 316 (51.5%) reported engaging in LTPA. The counts (and proportions) of participants who engaged in LTPA vs no LTPA were, respectively, 135 (42.7%) vs 63 (21.1%) for 0 days of poor physical health, 222 (70.3%) vs 174 (58.4%) for 0 days of poor mental health, and 158 (50.0%) vs 77 (25.8%) for good to excellent general health. In multivariable analyses, participating in LTPA was associated with odds ratios of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.76 to 3.96) and 1.43 (95% CI = 0.97 to 2.10) for 0 days of poor physical and mental health, respectively, and 2.61 (95% CI = 1.74 to 3.91) for good to excellent general health.

Conclusions
Participating in LTPA was associated with improved health-related QoL. Interventions to promote LTPA and/or exercise-based rehabilitation may improve QoL among lung cancer survivors.
Weak closed-loop vibrational stimulation improves the depth of slow-wave sleep and declarative memory consolidation
Authors: Choi Sang Ho , Kwon Hyun Bin , Jin Hyung Won , Yoon Heenam , Lee Mi Hyun , Lee Yu Jin , Park Kwang Suk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sleep is a unique behavioral state that affects body functions and memory. Although previous studies suggested stimulation methods to enhance sleep, a new method is required that is practical for long-term and unconstrained use by people. In this study, we used a novel closed-loop vibration stimulation method that delivers a stimulus in interaction with the intrinsic heart rhythm and examined the effects of stimulation on sleep and memory. Twelve volunteers participated in the experiment and each underwent one adaptation night and two experimental conditions—a stimulation condition (STIM) and a no-stimulation condition (SHAM). The heart rate variability analysis showed a significant increase in the normalized high frequency and the normalized low frequency significantly decreased under the STIM during the slow-wave sleep (SWS) stage. Furthermore, the synchronization ratio between the heartbeat and the stimulus significantly increased under the STIM in the SWS stage. From the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, EEG relative powers of slow-wave activity and theta frequency bands showed a significant increase during the STIM in the SWS stage. Additionally, memory retention significantly increased under the STIM compared to the SHAM. These findings suggest that the closed-loop stimulation improves the SWS-stage depth and memory retention, and further provides a new technique for sleep enhancement.
Coming to Terms with Markets in Care? Comprehensive Social Policy and Informalization of Care Provision in the English and Greek National Healthcare Systems
Authors: Maroukis Thanos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Across welfare regimes, markets are taking the lead from states in providing public-funded health care. Concurrently, informalization of labor market activity in healthcare provision grows. Through an institutional ethnography of temporary agency and bank labor experiences in the English and Greek National Health Services, this paper unpacks how informalization emerges in political and policy environments that not only favor but also resist market arrangements. In doing so, the paper moves the debate from the dilemma of whether to incorporate market actors in healthcare provision to the comprehensive social policy question of how markets could work in healthcare provision.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate a Computer-Based Intervention to Improve Self-care in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia , Giordani Bruno , Nelson Kinnothan , Moser Debra K. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Cognitive dysfunction contributes to poor learning and impaired self-care (SC) for patients with heart failure.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a nurse-led, virtual home-based cognitive training and SC education intervention to support SC and (2) evaluate the relationship between improvements in SC and cognitive change and examine 30-day readmission rates.

Methods
In this 2-phase pilot study, we used a prospective, exploratory design. In phase 1, recruitment criteria and retention issues threatened feasibility and acceptance. Significant modifications were made and evaluated in phase 2.

Results
In phase 2, 12 participants were recruited (7 women and 5 men). Feasibility was supported. All participants and the study nurse positively evaluated acceptability of the intervention. Median SC scores improved over time. Thirty-day hospital readmission rates were 25%.

Conclusion
Phase 1 indicates the intervention as originally designed was not feasible or acceptable. Phase 2 supports the feasibility and acceptability of the modified intervention. Further testing is warranted.
Surgical Treatment After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Young Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hee Jeong , Dominici Laura , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Zheng Yue , Pak Linda M. , Poorvu Philip D. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla , Schapira Lidia , Come Steven E. , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Borges Virginia F. , Warner Ellen , Vardeh Hilde , Collins Laura C. , Gaither Rachel , King Tari A. , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
We aimed to investigate eligibility for breast conserving surgery (BCS) pre- and post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), and trends in the surgical treatment of young breast cancer patients.

Background:
Young women with breast cancer are more likely to present with larger tumors and aggressive phenotypes, and may benefit from NST. Little is known about how response to NST influences surgical decisions in young women.

Methods:
The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a multicenter prospective cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤40, enrolled 1302 patients from 2006 to 2016. Disease characteristics, surgical recommendations, and reasons for choosing mastectomy among BCS-eligible patients were obtained through the medical record. Trends in use of NST, rate of clinical and pathologic complete response, and surgery were also assessed.

Results:
Of 1117 women with unilateral stage I-III breast cancer, 315 (28%) received NST. Pre-NST, 26% were BCS eligible, 17% were borderline eligible, and 55% were ineligible. After NST, BCS eligibility increased from 26% to 42% (P < 0.0001). Among BCS-eligible patients after NST (n = 133), 41% chose mastectomy with reasons being patient preference (53%), BRCA or TP53 mutation (35%), and family history (5%). From 2006 to 2016, the rates of NST (P = 0.0012), clinical complete response (P < 0.0001), and bilateral mastectomy (P < 0.0001) increased, but the rate of BCS did not increase (P = 0.34).

Conclusion:
While the proportion of young women eligible for BCS increased after NST, many patients chose mastectomy, suggesting that surgical decisions are often driven by factors beyond extent of disease and treatment response.