bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the correlation between impacted canine and malocclusions
Authors: Pop Silvia Izabella , Contac Laura Roxana , Ghiman Andrei , Moldovan Denisa , Suciu Victor , Kantor Janos , Bratu Dana Cristina , Buduru Smaranda Dana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Tooth impaction is defined as the absence of a tooth on the arch, after its normal eruption age. The main reason canines are impacted is the lack of space required for the tooth to erupt.
Aim of study: The main objective of this study is to determine the types of malocclusions associated with canine impaction (Lindauer classification). A secondary objective is to establish the correlation between these parameters and identification of subjects with high risk of canine impaction based on pre-existing malocclusion.
Material and methods: This study was performed on a sample of 20 patients, 9 men and 11 women. The dental casts were subject to Angle classification and various measurements such as arch perimeter, Pont’s index, sum of the mesiodistal width of the incisor and arch length were performed. The Lindauer sectorial classification was determined based on the patients’ panoramic radiography.
Results: According to the data collected, the Class II /2 malocclusion is more frequent, and it is associated with the impacted canine (approximately 50%). According to the Lindauer classification higher frequency of the impacted canines was found in Sector IV.
Conclusion: The diagnosis for impacted canines is often associated with Class II /2 malocclusion, and according to the Sector classification, it is often localised in Sector IV.
Rehabilitation of the frontal teeth with palatal veneers by using T-Scan occlusal analysis - case report
Authors: Janosi Kinga Mária , Albu Aurița , Crăciun Adriana , Cerghizan Diana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pathological tooth wear occurs in young patients. The rehabilitation of these teeth must be performed accurately, considering the occlusal relationships and the correct distribution of the masticatory forces. The therapeutic approach must be as minimally invasive as possible.
In this case presentation, six palatal veneers were realized for the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a young patient’s upper frontal teeth. The restorations were made on refractory casts, from feldspathic ceramics, allowing a proper esthetic. The occlusal rehabilitation involves the mounting of the casts in a semi-adjustable articulator. The six veneers were adapted functionally by using the Bio-Art A7 Plus articulator. Due to the adhesive techniques and the existing interocclusal space at this level, the teeth’s preparation was limited to the enamel. The deep chamfer was placed equigingivally. During the try-in of the restorations, the esthetic evaluation was done. The adhesive technique was used to bond the veneers to the tooth surfaces. After the cementation, the esthetical results were evaluated. During the prosthodontic treatment, T-Scan III digital analysis was performed to detect occlusal problems, to establish the treatment directions, and to evaluate the results.
Conclusions: The use of the adhesively bonded feldspathic palatal veneers allows a successful esthetic and functional rehabilitation. The digital occlusal analysis, realized using the T-Scan system, improves the prosthodontic treatment quality and durability.
Nonwovens: Global Trends in World Economy, European Foreign Trade, and Selected Case Studies from Poland and Asian Brics Countries
Authors: Wysokińska Zofia , Czajkowski Tomasz , Grabowska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nonwovens are one of the most versatile textile materials and have become increasingly popular in almost all sectors of the economy due to their low manufacturing costs and unique properties. In the next few years, the world market of nonwovens is predicted to grow by 7%–8% annually (International Nonwovens & Disposables Association [INDA], European Disposables and Nonwovens Association [EDANA], and Markets and Markets). This article aims to analyze the most recent trends in the global export and import of nonwovens, to present two case studies of Polish companies that produce them, and to present one special case study of the market of nonwoven geotextiles in China and India, which are the Asian transition economies among the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).
Experimental Investigation Into Banana Fibre Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Masonry Prism Sandwiched with GFRP Sheet
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Ramalingam , Ramanagopal Srinivasan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the stress-strain behaviour of Natural Banana microfibre reinforced Lightweight Concrete (LWC) prisms under axial compression. The compressive strength of masonry is obtained by testing stack bonded prisms under compression normal to its bed joint. LWC blocks of cross-sectional dimensions 200 mm x 150 mm were used to construct the prism with an overall height of 630 mm. Three series of specimens were cast; (a) prism without Banana fibre (control), (b) prism with Banana microfibres, (c) prism with Banana microfibres sandwiched with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets. Natural Banana fibres were used as structural fibre reinforcement at different volume fractions (VF). The results indicate that the presence of fibres helps to improve the strength, stiffness, and ductility of LWC stack bonded prisms under compression. The test results also indicate that banana fibre reinforcement provides an improved crack bridging mechanism at both micro and macro levels. The GFRP sandwiched prism specimens exhibited excellent ductility and load-carrying capacity resulting from improved plastic deformation tolerance under compression and bonding between the LWC block and GFRP sheet.
Treatment and Utilization of the Concentrate from Membrane Separation Processes of Landfill Leachates
Authors: Nowak Rafał , Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the paper was to assess the effectiveness of selected physico-chemical processes to improve the quality of retentates/concentrates obtained during the treatment of landfill leachates using membrane separation. Among the physico-chemical methods, Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and electrocoagulation were analysed. Landfill leachate resulting from the infiltration of waste mass by atmospheric precipitation as well as the dissolution and leaching of waste components are most often subjected to membrane separation. Permeate is usually discharged to the receiver, while the concentrate is recirculated and sprinkled on a waste pile. However, such action is only the retention of impurities in the body of the landfill and has an impact on the chemistry of raw leachates. Due to the very high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds identified in the retentate, it is necessary to treat it, which will effectively reduce the amount of impurities in the leachate. Economic use seems to be another solution. An example would be growing energy crops but such application requires additional research.
Undrained Shear and Pore Space Characteristics of Treated Loose Sands with Lime-Activated Zeolite in Saturated Settings
Authors: Jamhiri Babak , Pakbaz Mohammad Siroos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research investigates the mechanical behavior of artificially cemented sandy soils formed by lime alkali activation of natural zeolite under saturation settings. In order to verify the bar capability of cemented sands with this new method, an analysis of the undrained shear strength of the soil with pore water pressure ratio measurements was performed from the interpretation of the results of unconfined compression tests. The effect of zeolite-lime blend on treated sands was also visualized by scanning electron microscopy. For the studied soils, it was concluded from the unconfined compression stress values that the soil is fully capable of withstanding compressions due to overburden pressure. Additionally, this study seeks to evaluate the effect of the void ratio on the pore space and undrained shear strength. The results showed that pore water B-ratio increases with the decrease of the void ratio. Moreover, with the increase of zeolite content, confining pressure, and curing age, the peak failure strength increases. The results indicated a promising consistency of treated samples with lime and zeolite under various values of undrained shearing and B-ratios, making this method an ideal treatment for loose sand deposits.
The Influence of Ecophysiographic Determinants on the Functional-Spatial Development of Rural Areas - A Study of the Village of Lubasz
Authors: Borucińska-Bieńkowska Hanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article discusses selected issues concerning the influence of ecophysiographic determinants on functional-spatial and socio-economic development in rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes that have been taking place for the past few decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and transformation of economic processes into market oriented economy following socioeconomic changes in Poland. The process of intense urbanization of the countryside is a common phenomenon that occurs specifically in rural areas that are within the impact zone of a big city. It is caused by i.a. human migration into rural areas as well as by development of areas of business activation. These tendencies, which occur both in the social and economic context, greatly affect ecological processes. Expansion of land development and the ensuing further development of necessary technical infrastructure give rise to numerous problems in natural environment. Ecophysiographic determinants play a vital role in the pursuit of sustainable development of the countryside in the aspect of threats that result from excessive urbanization of rural areas. The author discusses these issues on the example of a study of the village of Lubasz in the wielkopolskie voivodeship.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content in Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Jakubaszek Anita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High effectiveness of organic pollutants and nutrients removal is achieved in biological wastewater treatments plants – in case of proper exploitation of these objects. Nitrogen and phosphorus transformation or removal depends on many physic – chemical and biochemical conditions, deposit and environmental factors. A rule for treating wastewater consists in decomposition of organic compounds included in wastewater in water-soil environment. Removing contaminations is performed as a result of sorption of contaminations, bio-chemical oxidation-reduction reactions and biological activity of soil microorganisms and hydrophyte flora. The research has been carried out in the constructed wetland in Małyszyn (1300 EP). The treatment plant operates in horizontal system, with under-surface flow of wastewater.
The forgotten labour force: Characteristics and trends for older female part-time workers in Ireland
Authors: O’Sullivan Maeve , Cross Christine , Lavelle Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Changing labour markets, educational attainment, work experience, constraints and preferences have all been proposed to explain the features of contemporary female labour force participation. This engagement has been characterised as part-time and segregated in low status, poorly paid jobs. Despite the fact that almost half of all older female workers are employed part-time, there is a dearth of information on who these workers are (the forgotten labour force) and what, if anything has changed over time for this cohort. For the first time, key variables are drawn from three labour force datasets over a 16-year period to provide a likely profile of the older female part-time worker, highlight where they work and in what capacity, as well as shedding light on what has changed over this period. This trend analysis highlights significant changes for this worker cohort, the implications of which are discussed from individual, organisational and societal perspectives.
Quality and Storage Ability of Fresh-Cut Pepper Treated by 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Grzegorzewska Maria , Badełek Ewa , Wrzodak Anna , Fabiszewski Karol , Ciecierska Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the storage ability of fresh-cut pepper fruit. The cut fruit of pepper ‘Yecla F1’ were treated immediately after cutting and ‘Roberta F1’ before cutting. The 1-MCP at the concentrations of 1.0 μl·dm−3, 3.0 μl·dm−3, and 5.0 μl·dm−3 was applied to gas-tight containers with fruit for 20 hours at 20 °C. Peppers were stored at two temperatures: 0 °C and 5 °C, for up to 8 days. The treatment applied immediately after cutting slowed down the softening of pepper a little when fruit was stored at 0 °C, as well as during subsequent shelf life. The treatment applied before cutting did not reduce the softening, discoloration as well as rotting of pepper strips in cold conditions and shelf life. The sensory evaluation showed that 1-MCP treatment, applied before or after cutting, did not improve the quality of fresh-cut pepper during short term storage. The ethylene concentration after 4 days of cold storage was higher inside the bags with treated fresh-cut pepper, as compared to the bags with untreated samples. These results can give important direction for pepper fruit storage.
Hydraulic Relations and Water Use of Mediterranean Ornamental Shrubs in Containers
Authors: Zuccarini Paolo , Galindo Alejandro , Torrecillas Arturo , Pardossi Alberto , Clothier Brent 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A detailed, species-specific comprehension of plant water behavior can be a central tool to improve water management in nursery production and irrigated landscapes. Potted plants of Nerium oleander, Pittosporum tobira, and Ligustrum japonicum ‘Texanum’ were exposed to controlled increasing drought conditions in greenhouse. Water use, gas exchange, and foliar thermoregulation were monitored along the trial. N. oleander showed the most efficient response to increasing water stress, maintaining high levels of gas exchange and evapotranspiration rate during the whole trial, whereas L. japonicum emerged as the most sensitive species, with a significant drop in physiological performances already from the second day. The more aggressive water behavior of N. oleander can be compared to the one of anisohydric plants, whereas L. japonicum displays an isohydric strategy. P. tobira showed intermediate characteristics between the two other species. This work comes to provide useful tools for the management of irrigation in plant nursery and for decision making in the use of ornamental shrubs for landscape applications.
Involvement of Ethylene Synthetic Inhibitors in Regulating the Senescence of Cut Carnations through Membrane Integrity Maintenance
Authors: Hassan Fahmy , Ali Esmat , Mazrou Ragia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Postharvest senescence is a critical problem of carnation cut flowers, limiting their transportation and subsequent marketing chain. This study was designed to assess whether the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and nitric oxide (NO) released from donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) could prolong the vase life of cut carnations through an influence on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in aging process. 1-MCP was used in the concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg·m−3; AgNPs in the concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg·dm−3; and SNP in the concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mM. All treatments significantly extended the cut flower life compared with untreated flowers, more so with 300 mg·m−3 of 1-MCP, 100 mg·dm−3 of AgNPs, or 0.3 mM of SNP. All these chemical compounds were able to considerably improve the relative water content (RWC), reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increase the membrane stability index (MSI) in petals and, therefore, maintain the membrane integrity. In addition, they decreased the activities of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and, hence, depressed the production of ethylene in carnation cut flowers through downregulating the ethylene production, what prolonged the vase life. Altogether, the application of exogenous 1-MCP, AgNPs, or SNP may provide a promising avenue to improve the postharvest performance of carnation cut flowers.
Technological Forecasting of Deformations in Flat Parts
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana N. , Biały Witold , Fries Jiři , Nordin Victor 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The deformation of a part occurring in the process of grinding directly influences its exploitation and quality parameters. The instability of shape and size, which occurs due to an imbalance of residual stress, can be the one of the major causes of deformation of a part. The decrease in stress slows down the deformation process. Considering the regularities of heat source intensity dependence on the grinding modes, it can be asserted that with increasing grinding depth and grinding wheel hardness, the value increases and it decreases with a growth in a speed of the part and the use of cooling. The higher the heat removal is and the better lubricant properties of the liquid are, the more significant the decrease in is. Changing these values allows regulation of the residual stresses. As a result of the research on determination of deformations, it is recommended to reduce thermal deformations by considering the geometric size of a plate to be machined, linear expansion coefficient of plate material and an allowance for nonflatness from thermal deformations. The value of nonflatness from thermal deformations is directly proportional to linear expansion coefficient of plate material and its square overall dimensions. At the same time, the value of nonflatness is inversely proportional to the plate thickness.
Analytic Method for Decision Support of Blockchain Technology Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0 Era
Authors: Torbacki Witold 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the issues covering the modern methods of securing data in both manufacturing processes and companies within the concept of Industry 4.0. In this approach, research problems arose how to implement the right method of secure data sending in sales, manufacturing and distribution processes. It is a very important issue for manufacturing companies as well as how the process of sending electronic data should be safely conducted. While current researches concentrated on the method of blockchain secured electronic documents, there is almost no research concentrating on blockchain integrator selection criteria. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a decision assistance model based on multiple criteria decision analysis technique. Also, mutual relationships between parameters for the assessment of integrators are established. In the article, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was used to assess these characteristics. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was chosen for this assessment.
Determination of Rare Earth Elements Content in Hard Coal Type 31.1
Authors: Baron Rafał 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the article is to present the results of laboratory analyses determining the content of rare earth elements (REE) in hard coal type 31.1. Coal was extracted directly from the mining excavation located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Mass spectrometry tests with ionization in inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS), were aimed at the quantitative analysis of the share of REE in coal, taking into account the economic aspects of recovery of these elements. Fine ground hard coal samples and ashes obtained after coal burning were assessed for the rare earth elements concentration. Results of the rare earth elements concentration (lanthanum and cerium) in hard coal are similar in the values obtained in previous tests. The current analyses present higher concentration of europium or neodymium. The article also contains the concept of possible future research work, consisting in the recovery of rare earth elements using, among others, a classifying hydrocyclone.
Energy Recuperation as One of the Factors Improving the Energy Efficiency of Mining Battery Locomotives
Authors: Polnik Bartosz , Kaczmarczyk Krzysztof , Niedworok Andrzej , Baltes Ralph , Clausen Elisabeth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mining industry is currently one of the biggest industries in the world. All mines produce “indispensable” minerals, starting from fuels such as coal and ending with noble metals such as gold or copper. Mines in the world compete in the volumes of mined minerals what requires use of state-of-the-art, more efficient and, and what is more important, safer machines. Such trend favors development of technology and mobilize engineers to adapt the technologies that were used so far in easier environment to the needs of the mining industry.
The article presents the issue of energy recuperation in mining battery locomotives. Simulation tests of the power supply and control system of the Lea type battery locomotive are discussed. The results of tests on the electric energy consumption of the locomotive during the operational change in the mine were presented, which were referred to the simulation results. Factors influencing the efficiency of energy recovery and the risk resulting from hydrogen emission in the recuperation process have been indicated. Also discussed is the study of the concentration of hydrogen concentration emitted from the battery of lead-acid cells during their recharging in the process of electrical braking with energy recuperation.
Design with Use of 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Rozmus Magdalena , Dobrzaniecki Piotr , Siegmund Michał , Herrero Juan Alfonso Gómez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dynamic development of 3D printing technology contributes to its wide applicability. FDM (Fused Deposition Method) is the most known and popular 3D printing method due to its availability and affordability. It is also usable in design of technical objects – to verify design concepts with use of 3D printed prototypes. The prototypes are produced at lower cost and shorter time comparing to other manufacturing methods and might be used for a number of purposes depending on designed object’s features they reflect. In the article, usability of 3D printing method FDM for designing of technical objects is verified based on sample functional prototypes. Methodology applied to develop these prototypes and their stand tests are covered. General conclusion is that 3D printed prototypes manufactured with FDM method proved to be useful for verifying new concepts within design processes carried out in KOMAG.