bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: a rare but challenging entity
Authors: Pro Barbara , Allen Pamela , Behdad Amir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare T-cell neoplasm that most commonly arises from a small subset of γ/δ T-cell receptor–expressing lymphocytes. HSTCL is more common in adolescent and young adults and has a rapidly progressive clinical course and poor outcome due to its refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Approximately 20% of the cases arise in the background of chronic immunosuppression or immune dysregulation. Patients commonly present with constitutional symptoms, hepatic and liver enlargement, and cytopenias; hematophagocytic syndrome can also occur. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations associated with HSTCL are isochromosome 7q and trisomy 8, and most cases harbor mutations in genes involved in chromatin modification or the JAK/STAT pathway. The rarity of this disease, along with lack of nodal involvement and presenting symptoms that mimic different entities including infectious etiologies, makes this lymphoma a significant diagnostic challenge. In this review, we highlight the clinical and pathologic features of HSTCL. Moreover, we summarize the results of recent molecular studies suggesting potential targets for novel therapeutics strategies.
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates cAMP signaling and resensitizes human leukemia cells to glucocorticoid-induced cell death
Authors: Roderick Justine E. , Gallagher Kayleigh M. , Murphy Leonard C. , O’Connor Kevin W. , Tang Katherine , Zhang Boyao , Brehm Michael A. , Greiner Dale L. , Yu Jun , Zhu Lihua Julie , Green Michael R. , Kelliher Michelle A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains a clinical challenge in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia where response to GC is a reliable prognostic indicator. To identify GC resistance pathways, we conducted a genome-wide, survival-based, short hairpin RNA screen in murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Genes identified in the screen interfere with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and are underexpressed in GC-resistant or relapsed ALL patients. Silencing of the cAMP-activating Gnas gene interfered with GC-induced gene expression, resulting in dexamethasone resistance in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that cAMP signaling synergizes with dexamethasone to enhance cell death in GC-resistant human T-ALL cells. We find the E prostanoid receptor 4 expressed in T-ALL samples and demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases intracellular cAMP, potentiates GC-induced gene expression, and sensitizes human T-ALL samples to dexamethasone in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify PGE2 as a target for GC resensitization in relapsed pediatric T-ALL.
Predictors of preprocedural direct oral anticoagulant levels in patients having an elective surgery or procedure
Authors: Shaw Joseph R. , Li Na , Vanassche Thomas , Coppens Michiel , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Syed Summer , Radwi Mansoor , Duncan Joanne , Schulman Sam , Douketis James D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Perioperative Anticoagulation Use for Surgery Evaluation (PAUSE) study prospectively evaluated a prespecified periprocedural-interruption strategy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) among patients with atrial fibrillation. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical parameters associated with residual DOAC levels ≥30 ng/mL or ≥50 ng/mL. Patients undergoing low-bleed-risk procedures were more likely to have residual levels of ≥30 ng/mL and ≥50 ng/mL. For low-risk procedures, age ≥75 years, female sex, a creatinine clearance (CrCl) &lt;50 mL/min, and an interruption of &lt;36 hours were associated with a greater likelihood of levels ≥30 ng/mL, whereas age ≥75 years, female sex, a CrCl of &lt;50 mL/min, and standard DOAC dosing were associated with levels ≥50 ng/mL. For high-risk procedures, weight of &lt;70 kg, CrCl &lt;50 mL/min, and standard DOAC dosing were associated with residual levels ≥30 ng/mL, whereas female sex was associated with levels ≥50 ng/mL. For low-risk procedures, apixaban was associated with a higher likelihood of levels ≥30 ng/mL as compared with dabigatran (P = .0019) and of levels ≥50 ng/mL when compared with rivaroxaban (P = .0003). For high-risk procedures, apixaban was marginally associated with a higher likelihood of residual levels ≥30 ng/mL when compared with dabigatran (P = .05), whereas rivaroxaban was associated with a higher likelihood of levels ≥30 ng/mL as compared with apixaban. Further study is required to determine whether adjustments to perioperative plans based on these clinical parameters could result in a lower risk of residual DOAC levels. The PAUSE trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT2228798.
Is ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia a worse entity than ventilator-associated pneumonia?
Authors: Vallecoccia Maria Sole , Dominedò Cristina , Cutuli Salvatore Lucio , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Torres Antoni , De Pascale Gennaro 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionNosocomial pneumonia develops after ≥48 h of hospitalisation and is classified as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP); the latter may require mechanical ventilation (V-HAP) or not (NV-HAP).Main findingsVAP and HAP affect a significant proportion of hospitalised patients and are characterised by poor clinical outcomes. Among them, V-HAP has the greatest 28-day mortality rate followed by VAP and NV-HAP (27.8%versus18%versus14.5%, respectively). However, no differences in terms of pathophysiology, underlying microbiological pathways and subsequent therapy have been identified. International guidelines suggest specific flow charts to help clinicians in the therapeutic management of such diseases; however, there are no specific recommendations beyond VAP and HAP classification. HAP subtypes are scarcely considered as different entities and the lack of data from the clinical scenario limits any final conclusion. Hopefully, recent understanding of the pathophysiology of such diseases, as well as the discovery of new therapies, will improve the outcome associated with such pulmonary infections.ConclusionNosocomial pneumonia is a multifaced disease with features of pivotal interest in critical care medicine. Due to the worrisome data on mortality of patients with nosocomial pneumonia, further prospective studies focused on this topic are urgently needed.
Mortality by occupation and industry among Japanese men in the 2015 fiscal year
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Tanaka Taketo , Wada Koji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Although previous studies have underscored some unique inequalities in occupational mortality in Japan, many of these trends have been dramatically altered during recent decades. We analyzed mortality data by occupation and industry in Japan, to determine whether differences remained by the mid-2010s for men in working-age population.

Methods
We calculated age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality, according to occupation and industry, among men aged 25–64 years in the 2015 fiscal year (1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016). Occupational and industry-specific categories were defined using the Japan Standard Occupational Classification and Japan Standard Industrial Classification, respectively. Age-standardized mortality rates were computed using 5-year age intervals. Mortality rate ratios adjusted for age and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Cause-specific deaths were classified into four broad groups (cancers [C00-D48], cardiovascular diseases [I00-I99], external causes [V01-Y98], and all other diseases) based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10).

Results
Clear mortality differences were identified by both occupation and industry among Japanese males. All-cause mortality ranged from 53.7 (clerical workers) to 240.3 (service workers) per 100,000 population for occupation and from 54.3 (workers in education) to 1169.4 (workers in mining) for industry. In relative terms, service workers and agriculture, forestry, and fishing workers had 2.89 and 2.50 times higher all-cause mortality than sales workers. Administrative and managerial workers displayed higher mortality risk (1.86; 95% CI 1.76–1.97) than sales workers. Similar patterns of broad cause-specific mortality inequality were identified in terms of both absolute and relative measures, and all broad cause-specific deaths contributed to the differences in mortality by occupation and industry.

Conclusions
Substantial differences in mortality among Japanese male workers, according to occupation and industry, were still present in 2015.
Intractable nausea and vomiting in naïve ingestion of kratom for analgesia
Authors: Singh Vir , Mulla Nadir , Wilson James Link , Umansky Aaron , Lee Jenny , Stead Trilok , Ganti Latha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Kratom is a habit-forming opioid-like substance with an acute toxidrome of various symptoms such as diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic users require increasing dosages for the analgesic effects. Although kratom use dates back to the 1800s in Asia, kratom intoxication is still a novel (but increasing) toxidrome in the Western world. Here, we present a novel case of acute toxicity from overdose in a kratom-naïve patient, taking place through recommendation by a family member who chronically takes this substance.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 62-year-old woman arriving to the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of intractable vomiting after ingestion of kratom. After a day of yard work, she was in pain, secondary to her osteoporotic joints. She was recommended kratom from a family member, who stated he was using kratom to transition away from opioid dependence. She took two “scoops.” She proceeded to have multiple episodes of vomiting at home. She came to the ED, where she required multiple rounds of anti-emetic medication for resolution of her symptoms.

Discussion
We present a classic case of a novel acute toxicity: kratom. A unique aspect of this case is the circumstance by which this toxicity took place: a family member who chronically takes this substance (that requires increasing dosages to remain effective) recommended a dosage to this kratom-naïve patient, leading to overdose. This opioid family alternative substance is gaining popularity across the USA in the era of the opioid crisis. Further documentation of case reports and research is required to learn the associated risks of the use of this substance.
Abnormal histology in testis from prepubertal boys with monorchidism
Authors: Hadziselimovic Faruk , Verkauskas Gilvydas , Vincel Beata , Krey Gunthild , Zachariou Zacharias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the histology of contralateral descended testes in boys with unilaterally absent testis. We investigated whether absence of one testis is associated with abnormal tissue architecture of the solitary contralaterally descended testis.Design, setting, and patientsFor this retrospective study, we examined the results of biopsies of the contralateral descended testis in 43 boys with monorchidism. Data from 26 control testes from boys of matching ages were selected from results published in 1977 and 2009. During surgery, any nubbins were removed. In each case, the scrotal testis was biopsied, and the testis fixed by subdartos pouch or suture.ResultsOf the 43 affected boys, 23 had normal testicular histology in the contralateral descended testis, whereas 20 (46%) had abnormal histology. Eight of the abnormal biopsies matched the criteria for high infertility risk. Samples from three boys in this latter group revealed a Sertoli-cell-only phenotype. Immunohistochemical assays were positive for steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein in Leydig cells and spermatogonia. STAR expression was stronger in the monorchid group with normal testicular histology.ConclusionsAlmost half of the patients with unilateral absent testis were at risk for subfertility or infertility. Our results emphasize the need for testicular biopsy of the solitary testis in boys with monorchidism to appropriately assess infertility risk.
GSDB: a database of 3D chromosome and genome structures reconstructed from Hi-C data
Authors: Oluwadare Oluwatosin , Highsmith Max , Turner Douglass , Lieberman Aiden Erez , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in the study of chromosome conformation capture technologies, such as Hi-C technique - capable of capturing chromosomal interactions in a genome-wide scale - have led to the development of three-dimensional chromosome and genome structure reconstruction methods from Hi-C data. The three dimensional genome structure is important because it plays a role in a variety of important biological activities such as DNA replication, gene regulation, genome interaction, and gene expression. In recent years, numerous Hi-C datasets have been generated, and likewise, a number of genome structure construction algorithms have been developed.In this work, we outline the construction of a novel Genome Structure Database (GSDB) to create a comprehensive repository that contains 3D structures for Hi-C datasets constructed by a variety of 3D structure reconstruction tools. The GSDB contains over 50,000 structures from 12 state-of-the-art Hi-C data structure prediction algorithms for 32 Hi-C datasets.GSDB functions as a centralized collection of genome structures which will enable the exploration of the dynamic architectures of chromosomes and genomes for biomedical research. GSDB is accessible at http://sysbio.rnet.missouri.edu/3dgenome/GSDB
Wheat phyllosphere yeasts degrade propiconazole
Authors: Kucharska Katarzyna , Wachowska Urszula , Czaplicki Sylwester 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Yeasts, which are ubiquitous in agroecosystems, are known to degrade various xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fungicides on the abundance of natural yeast communities colonizing winter wheat leaves, to evaluate the sensitivity of yeast isolates to fungicides in vivo, and to select yeasts that degrade propiconazole.

Results
Fungicides applied during the growing season generally did not affect the counts of endophytic yeasts colonizing wheat leaves. Propiconazole and a commercial mixture of flusilazole and carbendazim decreased the counts of epiphytic yeasts, but the size of the yeast community was restored after 10 days. Epoxiconazole and a commercial mixture of fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole clearly stimulated epiphyte growth. The predominant species isolated from leaves were Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis. In the disk diffusion test, 14 out of 75 yeast isolates were not sensitive to any of the tested fungicides. After 48 h of incubation in an aqueous solution of propiconazole, the Rhodotorula glutinis Rg 55 isolate degraded the fungicide in 75%. Isolates Rh. glutinis Rg 92 and Rg 55 minimized the phytotoxic effects of propiconazole under greenhouse conditions. The first isolate contributed to an increase in the dry matter content of wheat seedlings, whereas the other reduced the severity of chlorosis.

Conclusion
Not sensitivity of many yeast colonizing wheat leaves on the fungicides and the potential of isolate Rhodotorula glutinis Rg 55 to degrade of propiconazole was established. Yeast may partially eliminate the ecologically negative effect of fungicides.
Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different mechanism of high- and low-tillering genotypes controlling tiller growth in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)
Authors: Xu Xiaoheng , Feng Guangyan , Liang Yueyang , Shuai Yang , Liu Qiuxu , Nie Gang , Yang Zhongfu , Hang Linkai , Zhang Xinquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Tillering is an important agronomic trait underlying the yields and reproduction of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), an important perennial forage grass. Although some genes affecting tiller initiation have been identified, the tillering regulatory network is still largely unknown, especially in perennial forage grasses. Thus, unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of tillering in orchardgrass could be helpful in developing selective strategies for high-yield perennial grasses. In this study, we generated high-throughput RNA-sequencing data from multiple tissues of tillering stage plants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses connecting the DEGs to tillering number diversity were conducted.

Results
In the present study, approximately 26,282 DEGs were identified between two orchardgrass genotypes, AKZ-NRGR667 (a high-tillering genotype) and D20170203 (a low-tillering genotype), which significantly differed in tiller number. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs related to the biosynthesis of three classes of phytohormones, i.e., strigolactones (SLs), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA), as well as nitrogen metabolism dominated such differences between the high- and low-tillering genotypes. We also confirmed that under phosphorus deficiency, the expression level of the major SL biosynthesis genes encoding DWARF27 (D27), 9-cis-beta-carotene 9′,10′-cleaving dioxygenase (CCD7), carlactone synthase (CCD8), and more axillary branching1 (MAX1) proteins in the high-tillering orchardgrass genotype increased more slowly relative to the low-tillering genotype.

Conclusions
Here, we used transcriptomic data to study the tillering mechanism of perennial forage grasses. We demonstrated that differential expression patterns of genes involved in SL, ABA, and GA biosynthesis may differentiate high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes at the tillering stage. Furthermore, the core SL biosynthesis-associated genes in high-tillering orchardgrass were more insensitive than the low-tillering genotype to phosphorus deficiency which can lead to increases in SL biosynthesis, raising the possibility that there may be distinct SL biosynthesis way in tillering regulation in orchardgrass. Our research has revealed some candidate genes involved in the regulation of tillering in perennial grasses that is available for establishment of new breeding resources for high-yield perennial grasses and will serve as a new resource for future studies into molecular mechanism of tillering regulation in orchardgrass.
Distal transradial access: a review of the feasibility and safety in cardiovascular angiography and intervention
Authors: Cai Gaojun , Huang Haomin , Li Feng , Shi Ganwei , Yu Xiaolong , Yu Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Transradial access (TRA) has been considered as the default choice in cardiac catheterization. Although infrequent, vascular complications of this approach remain. Recently, the distal transradial approach (dTRA) in cardiac catheterization was reported by interventionalists.

Methods
We retrieved the relevant literatures and reviewed the safety and feasibility of this novel approach in cardiac catheterization.

Results
The dTRA for cardiac intervention has superior safety and satisfaction. As a novel approach for cardiac catheterization, access related complications should also be considered by operators, such as RAO, radial spasm, bleeding and haematoma, and injury of the superficial branch of the radial nerve.

Conclusions
The dTRA in cardiovascular angiography and intervention was safe and feasible.
Retrospective study of the differential diagnosis between cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis and small bowel Crohn’s disease
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Wei , Zhou Weixun , Zheng Weiyang , Wu Dong , Qian Jiaming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Being a rare disease, cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) is easily misdiagnosed as small bowel Crohn’s disease (SBCD).

Aims
This study was aimed to compare clinical features of CMUSE to SBCD.

Methods
Fourteen patients with CMUSE and 61 patients with SBCD were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Hematochezia was more frequent in CMUSE patients (10, 71.4% vs 23, 37.7%, P = 0.022), while diarrhea was more common in SBCD patients (23, 37.7% vs 0, 0.0%, P = 0.015). More patients with CMUSE developed intestinal stenosis than with SBCD (14, 100% vs 37, 60.7%, P = 0.011). 30 (50.0%) SBCD patients and none CMUSE patients had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate level (P = 0.001). Extra-enteric findings found by computed tomography enterography were significantly more prevalent in SBCD patients than in CMUSE patients (25,71.4% vs 3,25%, P = 0.013). Longitudinal ulcers found by endoscopy were more common in SBCD patients (16, 37.2% vs 0, 0.0%, P = 0.041), while circumferential ulcers were more common in CMUSE patients (6, 54.6% vs 8, 18.6%, P = 0.041). All ulcers observed in CMUSE patients were within mucosal and submucosal layers, but 8 (44.4%) SBCD patients had deep ulcers that reached beyond submucosal layers (P = 0.003). Ulcers were located at strictures in 9 (90.0%) CMUSE patients but only in 1 (5.6%) SBCD patient (P = 0.000).

Conclusions
Gastrointestinal symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels, radiologic, endoscopic and pathologic features help to distinguish CMUSE from SBCD.
Using the preoperative prognostic nutritional index as a predictive factor for non-cancer-related death in post-curative resection gastric cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takechi Hitomi , Fujikuni Nobuaki , Tanabe Kazuaki , Hattori Minoru , Amano Hironobu , Noriyuki Toshio , Nakahara Masahiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Therefore, identifying the predictive factors for surgical morbidity, disease recurrence, and long-term survival is necessary for preventing GC patient mortality. We aimed to evaluate the factors that contribute to the poor prognoses of GC patients.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 182 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for GC was reviewed. The data included patients’ cancer stage and preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score. We identified the prognostic factors using a univariate analysis and the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. The associations between PNI and other clinicopathologic factors for GC were compared via logistic regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate patients’ survival in relation to these factors. The median follow-up period was 3.5 years. Multivariable cumulative incidence method based on Fine and Gray’s method was performed to evaluate the association between non GC-related death and potential prognostic factors.

Results
There were significant differences in overall survival (OS) between comorbidities (myocardial infarction: P = 0.040, liver disease: P = 0.017), cancer stages (I vs. II: P = 0.049, I vs. III: P < 0.001), tumor size (P = 0.002), lymphatic vessel infiltration (P < 0.001), serum CA 19–9 (P = 0.024), and PNI scores (P = 0.002). Moreover, only PNI score was determined to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. Furthermore, stage I GC patients with high PNI scores had significantly longer OS than those with low PNI scores (P < 0.001), but these groups were not significantly different in terms of recurrence-free survival (P = 0.756). Stage II and III GC patients showed no significant difference in terms of OS and recurrence-free survival, regardless of PNI scores. Finally, Fine and Gray’s method revealed that PNI score was an independent prognostic factor for non-GC-related death (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Preoperative PNI is effective in predicting the prognosis of post-curative gastrectomy GC patients and can be used to predict non-GC-related death and the OS of post-curative gastrectomy patients with stage I GC.