bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Member State Governments in Migration Litigation before the ECJ
Authors: Bornemann Jonas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is habitually presumed that Member State governments primarily articulate themselves in litigation before the Court of Justice for the purpose of voicing opposition to an overly activist court. This view is especially pronounced in migration law. Although the presumption is invigorated by several high-profile judgments, it provides only a glimpse into the diversity of motives that Member State governments may pursue in court. Based on a comprehensive collection of judgments in the field of migration law, this article revisits the role of Member State governments in migration litigation before the Court of Justice. It advances a nuanced understanding of national governments’ litigation activity, highlighting the variety of motives and patterns of argument.
Uncertainty as a Poetic Principle: A Reading of the Opening Scene in Joseph Ben Zabara’s The Book of Delight
Authors: Einat-Nov Idit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article proposes a new reading of the opening scene of Joseph Ben Meir Ibn Zabara’s twelfth century (at the latest: 1209) The Book of Delight. This reading derives from the hypothesis that this art of storytelling is based on a poetic principle of uncertainty, and is therefore associated with the various forms of the ambiguous and the ambivalent (the grotesque, the uncanny, the ironic, etc.). As I have argued elsewhere about other rhymed Hebrew stories, this approach is appropriate, in my view, to the character of some of the most fascinating rhymed stories produced in medieval Hebrew literature. In the present study I suggest yet another demonstration of the poetic benefit that can accrue from the adoption of this approach.
A Daring Obedience: Ibn ʿArabī’s Futuwwa on the Right Side of the Law
Authors: Zargar Cyrus Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While Sufi writings have largely depicted futuwwa as the selfless virtue of upright young men, there has been, throughout Islam’s intellectual history, an underlying current characterised by brave rebelliousness, a current tied to the virtue’s complex relationship with urban fraternal societies. This paper investigates Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī’s (d. 638/1240) deliberate response to futuwwa’s implications of recalcitrance. Making a case for a law-abiding variety of the virtue, Ibn ʿArabī builds a theoretical frame in which this manly trait, one of consideration and altruism, mimics divine attributes, especially a divine calculating wisdom. In doing so, Ibn ʿArabī performs a role that Jeff Mitchell describes as the prerogative of noble elites, historically speaking, namely, the social construction of virtue. As is argued here, while Ibn ʿArabī makes a careful case for a law-abiding futuwwa, the lingering resonances of the virtue’s gangster associations indicate that social influence is, to a degree, reciprocal. That is, while Ibn ʿArabī’s framing of futuwwa makes a detailed and metaphysically-substantiated case for law-abidingness, his argument also suggests, however implicitly, that the virtue cannot completely escape its non-elite outlaw framework.
Ainu Internal Reconstruction: on the Origin and Typological Context of the Affiliative Form
Authors: Janhunen Juha A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the history and prehistory of the so-called affiliative form in Ainu, also known as the “possessive” or “concrete” form of nominals. In earlier research, this form has been understood as belonging to the sphere of suffixal morphology, complicated by the impact of vowel harmony and/or nominal classes. This paper shows, however, that the marking of the affiliative form actually involves a trace of the original stem-final vowel otherwise lost in the language, followed by a recently grammaticalized separate particle. This means that Ainu must have undergone a general process of final vowel loss, which has substantially changed its morpheme structure and ultimately caused the morphophonological alternations connected with the affiliative form. This conclusion potentially opens up the way towards a more comprehensive internal reconstruction of Ainu.
Relationship between Horizontal Wind Velocity and Normalized Surface Cross Section Using Data from the HIWRAP Dual-Frequency Airborne Radar
Authors: Meneghini R. , Liao L. , Heymsfield G. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) dual-frequency conically scanning airborne radar provides estimates of the range-profiled mean Doppler and backscattered power from the precipitation and surface. A velocity–azimuth display analysis yields near-surface estimates of the mean horizontal wind vector υh in cases in which precipitation is present throughout the scan. From the surface return, the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) is obtained, which, by a method previously described, can be corrected for path attenuation. Comparisons between υh and the attenuation-corrected NRCS are used to derive transfer functions that provide estimates of the wind vector from the NRCS data under both rain and rain-free conditions. A reasonably robust transfer function is found by using the mean NRCS (⟨NRCS⟩) over the scan along with a filtering of the data based on a Fourier series analysis of υh and the NRCS. The approach gives good correlation coefficients between υh and ⟨NRCS⟩ at Ku band at incidence angles of 30° and 40°. The correlation degrades if the Ka-band data are used rather than the Ku band.
Eye movement biomarkers allow for the definition of phenotypes in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Donald Aimee , Tan Chong Y. , Chakrapani Anupam , Hughes Derralyn A. , Sharma Reena , Cole Duncan , Bardins Stanislav , Gorges Martin , Jones Simon A. , Schneider Erich 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Neurological forms of Gaucher disease, the inherited disorder of β-Glucosylceramidase caused by bi-allelic variants in GBA1, is a progressive disorder which lacks a disease-modifying therapy. Systemic manifestations of disease are effectively treated with enzyme replacement therapy, however, molecules which cross the blood–brain barrier are still under investigation. Clinical trials of such therapeutics require robust, reproducible clinical endpoints to demonstrate efficacy and clear phenotypic definitions to identify suitable patients for inclusion in trials. The single consistent clinical feature in all patients with neuronopathic disease is the presence of a supranuclear saccadic gaze palsy, in the presence of Gaucher disease this finding serves as diagnostic of ‘type 3’ Gaucher disease.

Methods
We undertook a study to evaluate saccadic eye movements in Gaucher patients and to assess the role of the EyeSeeCam in measuring saccades. The EyeSeeCam is a video-oculography device which was used to run a protocol of saccade measures. We studied 39 patients with non-neurological Gaucher disease (type 1), 21 patients with type 3 (neurological) disease and a series of 35 healthy controls. Mean saccade parameters were compared across disease subgroups.

Results
We confirmed the saccadic abnormality in patients with type 3 Gaucher disease and identified an unexpected subgroup of patients with type 1 Gaucher disease who demonstrated significant saccade parameter abnormalities. These patients also showed subtle neurological findings and shared a GBA1 variant.

Conclusions
This striking novel finding of a potentially attenuated type 3 Gaucher phenotype associated with a specific GBA1 variant and detectable saccadic abnormality prompts review of current disease classification. Further, this finding highlights the broad spectrum of neuronopathic Gaucher phenotypes relevant when designing inclusion criteria for clinical trials.
Residual decontamination chemical agents negatively affect adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells on implant surface
Authors: Balderrama Ísis de Fátima , Cardoso Matheus Völz , Stuani Vitor Toledo , Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso , Matos Adriana Arruda , Greghi Sebastião Luiz Aguiar , Sant’Ana Adriana Campos Passanezi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of implant surface decontaminated and uncontaminated on osteoblast-like cell adhesion and proliferationMaterials and methodsCommercially available implants of different brands and surface characteristics were selected:Biomet 3i®Nanotite (NT) and Osseotite (OT), Straumann®SLActive (SLA), andNeodent®Acqua Drive (ACQ) and Neoporos Drive CM (CM).Physical and chemical properties of the implants were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and wettability analysis (WETT). Implants were previously contaminated withAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansstrains; after that, samples were decontaminated by different chemical methods. Decontaminated (test group;n= 15/type of implant) and uncontaminated (control group;n= 5/type of implant) samples were analyzed according to the number of human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) adhered on the implant surface after 24 h and 72 h in SEM images.ResultsACQ was found to be highly hydrophilic, and NT was the most hydrophobic implant. Increased variation of Saos-2 cell adhesion and proliferation were observed on all test and control groups. Controversially, at the proliferation analysis in 72 h, CM implant was the only implant that showed no significant difference between test and group (p= 0.2833; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). NT implants showed the greater value of cell proliferation when compared with all types of implant surface (p= 0.0002; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that decontaminated surfaces were able to impair the counting of osteoblast-like cell adhesion and proliferation.
The contemporary trend in worsening prognosis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A population-based study
Authors: Duorui Nie , Shi Bin , Zhang Tao , Chen Chuyao , Fang Chongkai , Yue Zhijun , Wu Peng , Wu Zhiming , Huang Xuewu , Li Meng 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPrimary acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare exocrine tumor of the pancreas with unclear clinical characteristics. Our goal was to determine the incidence and update the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ACC.MethodsThrough the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 252 patients with the latest diagnosis of ACC (2004–2016). The age-adjusted incidence (AAI) was calculated using the SEER*Stat Software version 8.3.6. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to draw survival curves and differences among them were compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate factors that had independent predictive effects on the overall survival.ResultsThe AAI of pancreatic ACC was on the rise with the mean age at diagnosis of 63.79±14.79 years. Most patients (15.9%) had poorer differentiated tumors. The patients presented with distant stage were 54.4% compared with 53.1% between 1988 and 2003. The 1-, 2-, and 5-years survival rates for pancreatic ACC patients were 53.5%, 34.6%,17.5%, respectively (compared with 78.5%, 67.0%, and 42.8%, between 1988 and 2003). The multivariate COX analysis showed that the patient's age, surgery, chemotherapy, and summary stage, but not marital status were independent prognosis factors for ACC.ConclusionsPancreatic ACC is a highly malignant tumor with an increasing incidence in recent years. The rate of distant metastasis is increasing and the survival rate is worse than in the past, suggesting that it may require more aggressive treatment and follow-up. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are all effective treatments, but prospective studies are still needed to verify them.
Marine n-3 fatty acid consumption in a Norwegian renal transplant cohort: Comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with plasma phospholipid marine n-3 levels
Authors: Chan Joe , Svensson My , Jenssen Trond , Schmidt Erik B. , Eide Ivar A. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHigh levels of plasma marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) are associated with improved patient and graft survival in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate marine n-3FA consumption in future epidemiological research.MethodsWe developed an FFQ with a simple design of 10 questions to assess intake of marine sources of n-3FAs. RTRs included in the recent ORENTRA trial (n = 132) completed the study FFQ at the baseline visit eight weeks after engraftment and at the end of study visit one year post-transplant. We measured the reference biomarker plasma phospholipid (PL) marine n-3FA levels by gas chromatography at the same time points to evaluate association and degree of agreement between FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates and the biomarker.ResultsThe median plasma PL marine n-3FA level was 6.0 weight percentage (wt)% (interquartile range [IQR] 4.7 to 7.3) at baseline and 6.3 wt% (IQR 4.8 to 7.4) at end of study. Median FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates were 22.8 g/month (IQR 13.0 to 34.0) at baseline and 20.3 g/month (IQR 14.5 to 32.3) at end of study. FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates showed a moderate correlation with plasma PL marine n-3FA levels at baseline (Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs= 0.43, p<0.001) and a stronger correlation at end of study (rs= 0.62, p<0.001). Bland Altman plots showed a reasonable degree of agreement between the two methods at both time points.ConclusionsMarine n-3FA consumption estimates based on the FFQ showed a moderate correlation with the reference biomarker plasma PL marine n-3FA levels. The FFQ might be useful in epidemiological studies where resources are limited.
Les voies de la résilience se déclinent à tous les temps du passé au futur
Authors: Koninckx Guy 
Published: December 2020

L’effondrement des Twin Towers en septembre 2001, l’éruption volcanique de l'Eyjafjöll en mars 2010 et l’épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola en 2013 ont secoué la planète. La pandémie du COVID-19 ne l’épargne guère et met la planète à l’arrêt.
Très locale au départ, elle s’étend au point de toucher les populations de tous les territoires. Le retentissement affecte le fonctionnement de nombreux domaines. C’est comme si le COVID-19 s’impose dans nos contextes au point de rythmer nos quotidiens aux niveaux macro, meso ou micro.
Formulé en termes systémiques c’est l’ensemble des éléments en interaction dynamique orientés vers une finalité qui se découvrent concernés. Un système s’inscrit dans la temporalité, dans un cycle de vie. Dans le cas présent elle relève d’avantage du cycle de vie d’une crise. Certaines stratégies retenues relèvent des aménagements alors que d’autres relèvent des mutations à opérer. Panser ou penser nous amène à décliner des scénarios différents. Loin de vouloir les opposer purement et simplement, ne s’agit-il pas d’une cohabitation bénéfique ?
Les enjeux ne se situent-ils pas dans le déploiement de capacités collectives à traverser des crises, de l’amont à l’après, à initier d’autres comportements au sein des systèmes, à revisiter nos croyances ?
Ces démarches peuvent s’appuyer sur les ressources de la résilience, les capacités de rebond du système pour naviguer en temps incertains. Il s’agit non seulement de maintenir les activités du système dans des limites acceptables mais de les redéployer dans des activités d’une autre nature. C’est là que la résilience de type 1 ainsi que la résilience de type 2 se complètent et alimentent les temps du décloisonnement.
Indie Weerbaar Polemic and the Radicalization of Sarekat Islam (1917-1918)
Authors: Fachrurozi Miftahul Habib 
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the polemic relationship between the formation of Indie Weerbaar and the radicalization of the Sarekat Islam. The organization later protected the Dutch East Indies from the effects of the First World War. The support from Sarekat Islam initiated polemics with left groups within the Sarekat Islam. This article was written using the historical method. It emphasizes on the using of primary sources in the form of writing records from some prominent figures of Sarekat Islam. The results show that the Sarekat Islamdecentralization policy implemented by the Governor-General of Idenburg resulted in the organization's leadership losing control of its agencies. Abdoel Moeis' involvement in the Indie Weerbaar committee triggered a polemic against leftist figures in Sarekat Islam, especially Semaoen. Semaoen managed to take advantage of the formation polemic of Indie Weerbaar to increase his influence and popularity. Semaoen even succeeded in influencing the Sarekat Islam congress participants to support more radical organizational policies such as the labor movements. In other hand, Semaoen also succeeded in influencing other Sarekat Islam leaders, including Tjokroaminoto, to become more radical through the organization of Radicale Concentratie in Volksraad. Thus, it can be seen that the polemic on the formation of Indie Weerbaar led to the radicalization of the Sarekat Islam movement.
Comparison of different cryoprotective agents on swamp buffalo semen cryopreservation
Authors: Herbowo M. T. , Arifiantini R. I. , Karja N. W. K. , Sianturi R. G. 
Published: December 2020

Present study aimed to determine the effectivenessof dimethylformamide (DMF)as cryoprotective agent (CPA) by determining its optimum concentration inTris Eggyolk (TEY) extender on the quality of post-thaw swamp buffalo semen. Only ejaculates having > 60% sperm motility were divided into eight s tubes. Four tubes were diluted in TEY with 4, 5, 6, 7% of glycerol and four other tubes were diluted in TEY with 4, 5, 6, 7% of DMF. Diluted semen then packed into ministraw (0.25 mL), equilibrated at 4°C for 4 hours and freezed at 8 cm above liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 minutes and then stored at liquid nitrogencontainer. After 24 hours of storage, straws were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The result showed that sperm motility after equilibration tend to be the same at all four glycerol concentrations, whereas the decrease in motility was highest in extenders with a DMF concentration of 7% (P <0.05). Post-thaw sperm motility and recovery rate in TEY extender containing 5% DMF or 7% glycerol were highest (P<0.05) than other glycerol or DMF concentration. Sperm viability and membrane integrity did not differ among TEY containing 6% or 7% glycerol, both were higher (P<0.05) than 4% or 5% glycerol. Viability and membrane integrity of sperm in 5% DMF was superior (P<0.05) to 4%, 6% or 7%. This research concluded that 5% DMF or 7% glycerol was considered to be the most suitable CPAs for swamp buffalo semen cryopreservation.
Intestinal morphology and growth performance of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens supplemented with formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Erya S. N. , Wahyuni H. I. , Yudiarti T. , Widiastuti E. , Sugiharto S. 
Published: December 2020

The study investigated gut ecology and morphology of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens (IICC) supplemented with the combination of formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two hundreds day-old IICC were distributed to T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid), T2 (T0 + 0.3% S. cerevisiae), T3 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid and 0.3% S. cerevisiae). Excreta was collected at week 8, while intestinal ecology and morphology were determined at week 9. In duodenum, T3 chicks showed higher and wider (P<0.05) villi. The T2 and T3 chicks showed deeper (P<0.05) crypt than that of T0. The jejunal villi was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T0. The T3 chicks had deeper (P<0.05) crypt compared to other groups. In ileum, the villi height was lowest (P<0.05) in T0. The crypt was deeper (P<0.05) in T3 than in other. Crude protein digestibility coefficient was highest (P<0.05), while fecal protein was loswest (P<0.05) in T1 than in other groups. Compared to T0, the treated IICC showed higher (P<0.05) weight gain and feed intake with T3 had the highest gain and intake but gain:feed rasio was the lowest (P>0.05). IIn conclusion, the inclusion of formic acid and S. cerevisiae in diets improved intestinal ecology and morphology. The IICC chickens fed with formic acid and S. cerevisiae exhibited improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility.
Escuta na relação médico-paciente: uma arte perdida
Authors: Silva Douglas Vinicius dos Santos , Viana Maria Gabriela Freitas , Souza Pedro Eduardo de Moura 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A relação médico-paciente teve várias reinterpretações no decorrer dos séculos sendo pautada na escuta atenta primordialmente, característica que vêm sendo negligenciada em muitos contextos atuais. Tal relação médico-paciente se mostra fundamental para compreensão do quadro patológico em análise e, também, para o entendimento desse paciente como ser humano o que atribuirá maior dignidade a esse momento tão íntimo, porém tão essencial na prática médica. Com isso, a literatura pode ser utilizada como uma ferramenta para incentivar o desenvolvimento humano dos profissionais e estudantes e subsequentemente a reflexão disso nessa importante relação. DESENVOLVIMENTO: Atualmente se percebe notável enfraquecimento da relação médico-paciente devido, principalmente, ao culto exacerbado do tecnicismo e depreciação do cultural, como os vários segmentos da literatura, quando, na verdade, cada um desses aspectos possuem seu espaço e devem se complementar. Tendo isso em vista, ocorre um maior distanciamento entre médico e paciente o que acaba por prejudicar a imagem do exame clínico moldado pelo que deveria ser um co-protagonismo entre esses dois indivíduos. Devido a isso, o médico se torna cada vez mais insensível e, por conseguinte, o paciente se torna cada vez mais inalcançável o que dificulta a devida promoção de saúde e futuro bem-estar desta pessoa. Assim, a literatura pode inserir-se como uma ferramenta que estimulará mudança desse contexto, seja pelo contato do médico com temas recorrentes no seu dia a dia a partir da visão de seus pacientes; seja pelo próprio autoconhecimento adquirido capaz de fazê-lo compreender a vulnerabilidade dos seres humanos, inclusive a sua própria. Ademais, outra importante função que a literatura pode propiciar é a de facilitar a própria coleta dos dados – por meio da linguagem ou até mesmo por ações realizadas pelo profissional – a qual terá desdobramentos importantes no prognóstico daquele paciente. CONCLUSÃO: Médicos e estudantes dessa área devem propiciar o maior conforto possível para o paciente que se encontra no estado de vulnerabilidade que a moléstia propicia e isso pode ser alcançado mais fácil e eficientemente com a utilização da literatura associada ao tecnicismo de maneira que se tornem complementares e abarquem os vários segmentos inerentes ao ser humano.