bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing the leakage of continuous femoral nerve catheter fixation using 2 - octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Demabond®): A Randomized Controlled Trial study
Authors: Chalacheewa Theerawat , Arnuntasupakul Vanlapa , Sangkum Lisa , Buachai Rungrawan , Chanvitayapongs jiravud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Continuous peripheral nerve catheters (CPNCs) have been used for postoperative pain relief. A common problem encountered with CPNCs is pericatheter leakage which can lead to dressing adhesive failure. Frequent dressing changes increase the risk of catheter dislodgement and infections. Adhesive glue is effective in securing peripheral nerve catheter and decreasing leakage around the catheter insertion site. This study is aimed to evaluate the incidence of pericatheter leakage by using fixation with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Demabond®) compared to sterile strip.Methods: Thirty patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with continuous femoral nerve catheter for postoperative analgesia were randomized to catheter fixation with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Demabond®) group or sterile strip group. The primary outcome was the incidence of pericatheter leakage. Secondary outcomes included: frequent of catheter displacement, difficulty of catheter removal, pain score and patient satisfaction.Results: The incidence of pericatheter leakage at 24 and 48 hours was 0% versus 93% and 0% versus 100% in the Demabond and sterile strip group, respectively (P < 0.001). The incidence of displacement at 24 and 48 hours was 6.7% versus 93.3% and 6.7% versus 100%, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no difference in numeric rating scale, difficulty of catheter removal as well as satisfaction scores between groups.Conclusion: Catheter fixation with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Demabond®) decreased the incidence of pericatheter leakage as well as catheter displacement over 48 hours when compared to sterile strip fixation.
Determining the Spatial and Risk Heterogeneity in HIV Prevalence among IDUs in India: Analysis Based on the Data from Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS), 2014-15
Authors: Aridoss Santhakumar , David Joseph , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Balasubramanian Ganesh , Natesan Manikandan , Padmapriya V.M. , Kumar Pradeep , Rajan Shobini , Arumugam Elangovan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Spatial and risk-related heterogeneity among high-risk HIV populations marks the prevalence, dynamics, and management of HIV. Identifying the spatial heterogeneity of disease prevalence and risk heterogeneity at a specific location is crucial for fine-tuning the strategic interventions. On this background, we analysed the behavioural data and HIV prevalence of IDUs, in a state-specific manner. Objectives: To structure the IDU population based on their risk of infection and location, and to determine the HIV prevalence for each of the IDU subpopulation based on their spatial distribution and risk profile. Methods: We analysed the behavioural data and HIV prevalence obtained from the National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS), a nationwide cross-sectional community-based study conducted in 2014-2015. We included the data obtained from 19,902 IDUs across 53 domains in 29 states of India for analysis. We grouped the IDUs into different categories, based on their risk profile, and analysed the corresponding HIV prevalence among IDUs in each category for all states. Results: State-specific analysis of HIV prevalence among the IDUs exhibiting safe and high-risk characteristics revealed that the HIV prevalence was the highest in Uttar Pradesh irrespective of the risk-structure of the state. HIV infection was highly prevalent in the Central and most Northern states, and in a few East and North-Eastern Indian states. HIV Prevalence was predominantly higher among those IDUs self-reporting presence of at least one STI symptom, following unsafe injecting practices, IDUs with inconsistent condom usage with sexual partners (other than regular partners), and those with inadequate knowledge of HIV /AIDS. Conclusion: Stratified, region-specific interventions based on geographic risk-structure and combination-approaches are recommended to prevent HIV transmission among IDUs. Implementing measures to generate adequate awareness of STI, HIV, and injecting behaviours, specifically among IDUs in the Central and Northern states of India and advocating safe sexual practises among all IDUS will have a positive impact on HIV prevention measures among IDUs.
Incidence and Impact of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Xianghui , Cheng Zhipeng , Luo Lili , Zhu Ying , Lin Wenyi , Ming Zhangyin , Chen Wei , Hu Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease, with significant morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in COVID-19 patients and to determine the association of DIC with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until August 12, 2020. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software.Results: 15 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that the incidence of COVID-19 patients developing DIC was 4% (95%: 2%-5%, P<0.001). In addition, DIC was more likely to occur in the death group (Log OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.58-3.21, P<0.001) with statistical significance.Conclusions: DIC is associated with the severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, attention should be paid to coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Monitoring of coagulation indicators may improve the prognosis of COVID-19 inpatients.
Relationship between dietary factors and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Kaiyuan , Zhou Chongchong , Huang Fan , Duan Ning , Wang Yanyi , Zheng Lichun , Wang Xiang , Wang Wenmei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by chronic, inflammatory, and ovoid ulcers, has a complex aetiology. The purpose of the study was to investigate the specific dietary factors influencing the prevalence of RAS.Methods: A total of 754 participants aged 18 to 59 years in Nanjing were enrolled in this descriptive cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire was adopted to investigate the distribution of RAS, dietary factors, self-reported trigger factors, and therapeutic methods.Results: Among all participants, the prevalence rate of RAS was 21.4%. The univariable analysis suggested fruits, dairy products, vegetables, and drinking water, but not fried foods, fermented foods, spicy foods, and eggs, as preventive factors of RAS. After adjusting for age and sex, multivariable regression analysis suggested fruits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .430, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [.218-.847], p = .015) and drinking water (aOR = .294, 95% CI = [.119-.726], p = .008) as protective factors of RAS. Conclusion: This study suggests that consumption of fruit and drinking water is negatively associated with RAS and dietary factors play an important role in RAS development. These results imply a potential adjunctive and complementary role of food in RAS treatment and some potential, simple, and feasible means for RAS prevention.
Root caries experience among older adults in a country with long term systemic water fluoridation
Authors: Mittal Rakhi , Wong Mun Loke , Allen Patrick Finbarr 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore dental caries experience in older Singaporeans (60-90 years old), a country with over 60 years of water fluoridation, and to examine what risk factors contribute to prevalence of oral disease, in particular root caries, and to assess the impact of service utilisation on treatment of root caries.Methodology500 community dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a survey which included questions related to demographics (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, education level) self-rated oral health, oral health attitudes and frequency of dental visits. A clinical examination recorded details of decayed, missing and filled teeth; stimulated saliva flow was also measured. The main outcome of this study was prevalence of decayed and filled root surfaces (DFRS) of older adults, categorised as “low” [DFRS ≤3] and “high” [DFRS >3]. The regression models were controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, housing type, oral health related factors and salivary parameters. Results84.2% of the participants ethnicity was Chinese and 15.2% were Non-Chinese. The mean DFRS score was [Mean (SD), 3(3.5)], decayed [Total (Mean), 68(13.6)] and filled [Total (Mean), 287 (57.4)]. In bivariate analysis, age, ethnicity, education, dental visits, recession, restored coronal surfaces and oral health attitude were found to be significantly associated with DFRS. In final multivariate model it was found that age, ethnicity, education, pattern of dental visits, gingival recession/periodontal attachment loss and number of restored coronal surfaces are independent predictors of root caries experience in older adults. The selected risk factors in the final model explained about 20% of the variation.ConclusionHigher education and awareness increase dental care utilization which corresponds to a high filled (F) component of DFRS. Previous coronal caries experience and gingival recession/attachment loss are risk indicators of higher root caries experience.
Practical Clinical and Radiological Models to Diagnose COVID-19 on Chest CT in a French Multicentric Emergency Population
Authors: Schuster Paul , Crombé Amandine , Nivet Hubert , Berger Alice , Pourriol Laurent , Favard Nicolas , Chazot Alban , Alonzo-Lacroix Florian , Youssof Emile , Cheikh Alexandre Ben , Balique Julien , Porta Basile , Petitpierre François , Bouquet Grégoire , Mastier Charles , Bratan Flavie , Bergerot Jean-François , Thomson Vivien , Banaste Nathan , Gorincour Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Our aim was to develop practical models built with simple clinical-radiological features to facilitate COVID-19 diagnosis. To do so, 513 consecutive adult patients suspected of having COVID-19 from 15 emergency departments from 03/13/2020 to 04/14/2020 were included (244 [47.6%] with a positive RT-PCR). Chest CTs were immediately and prospectively analysed by on-call teleradiologists (OCTR) and systematically reviewed within one week by another senior teleradiologist. Each OCTR reading was concluded using a 5-point scale: normal, non-infectious, infectious non-COVID-19, indeterminate and highly suspicious of COVID-19. The senior reading reported the lesions’ semiology, distribution, extent and differential diagnoses. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression (Step-LR) and classification tree (CART) models to predict a positive RT-PCR were trained on 412 patients, validated on an independent cohort of 101 patients and compared with the OCTR performances (295 and 71 with available clinical data, respectively). Regarding models elaborated on radiological variables alone, best performances were reached with the CART model (i.e., AUC=0.92 versus 0.88 for OCTR) while step-LR provided the highest AUC with clinical-radiological variables (0.93 versus 0.86 for OCTR). Hence, these two simple models, depending on the availability of clinical data, could be used by any radiologist to support their conclusion in case of COVID-19 suspicion.
Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in Females With Turner Syndrome: A Population-based Study
Authors: Avdic Hanna Björlin , Butwicka Agnieszka , Nordenström Anna , Almqvist Catarina , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Engberg Hedvig , Frisén Louise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Turner syndrome is the result of a missing X chromosome, partially or completely, in phenotypic girls. This can cause an array of medical and developmental difficulties. The intelligence quote has previously been described as uneven but considered within normal range. Although a social, intellectual and psychiatric profile is described in females with Turner syndrome, it is unclear to what extent they meet the clinical criteria for neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with a total of 1392 females with Turner syndrome identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and compared with 1:100 age- and sex matched controls from the general population. The association between Turner syndrome and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental and/ or psychiatric disorders were calculated using conditional logistic regression and is presented as estimated risk (Odds ratio, OR, 95% Confidence interval, CI) in females with Turner syndrome compared with matched controls. Results: Females with Turner syndrome had higher risk of any neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder (OR 1.37, 95% Cl 1.20-1.57), an eightfold (OR 8.59, 95% CI 6.58-11.20) increased risk of intellectual disability and a fourfold (OR 4.26, 95% CI 2.94-6.18) increased risk of autism spectrum disorder compared with the controls. In addition, females with Turner syndrome had an increased risk of a diagnosis of psychotic disorders (OR 1.98, 95% Cl 1.36-2.88), eating disorders (OR 2.03, 95% Cl 1.42-2.91) and behavioral disorders (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.35-2.99). Conclusions: Females with TS have an increased risk of being diagnosed with any neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorder. This warrants extensive assessment of intellectual and cognitive functions from early ages and increased psychiatric vigilance should be a part of lifelong healthcare for females with TS.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Plasmodium Falciparum in Nigeria: Insights From Microsatellites Loci Analysis
Authors: Ajogbasile Fehintola Victoria , Kayode Adeyemi T. , Akano Kazeem O. , Oluniyi Paul E. , Uwanibe Jessica N. , Adegboyega Benjamin B. , Philip Courage , John Oluwagboadurami G. , Eromon Philomena J. , Emechebe George , Finimo Finimo , Ogbulafor Nnenna , Jiya Nma , Okafor Uche , Ambe Jose , Wammanda Robinson D. , Oguche Stephen , Mokuolu Olugbenga A. , Sowunmi Akintunde , Folarin Onikepe A. , Happi Christian T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria remains a public health burden especially in Nigeria. To develop new malaria control and elimination strategies or refine existing ones, understanding parasite population diversity and transmission patterns is crucial. MethodsIn this study, we characterized parasite diversity and structure of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 633 dried blood spot samples in Nigeria, using 12 microsatellite loci of P. falciparum. These microsatellites were amplified via semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragments were analyzed using GeneMapper and GENALEX 6.5.ResultsEstimates of parasite diversity such as Mean complexity of infection (range: 1.71-2.66) and Expected heterozygosity (range: 0.76-0.82) were high, while parasite population sub-structuring was low (Analysis of molecular variance= 0.039, Fixation index= 0.038 and Linkage disequilibrium= 0.0219). Conclusion We conclude that the high level of genetic diversity and low population structuring in this study suggests that parasite populations circulating in Nigeria are homogenous. This implies that a uniform control strategy will be effective across the six geographical zones of Nigeria. The results obtained can be used as a baseline for parasite diversity and structure, aiding in the formulation of appropriate therapeutic and control strategies in Nigeria.
Gut Microbiome Analysis Reveals Characteristics Decrease in Bifidobacterium Count in the Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Sattar Muzammal , Anwar Haseeb , Sohail Muhammad Umar , Ahmad Irshad , Faisal Muhamm Naeem , Kamran Zahid , Asmakh Maha Al 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an idiopathic metabolic disorder in epidemic phase. The current study examines the gut microbiome of diabetic (Diab), diabetic with secondary complications (DSC), and healthy control (HC) subjects enrolled at the district hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The study groups were characterized based on serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the subject's clinical history. Serum IgM, leptin, and amylin concentrations were determined using ELISA. The stool microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. Results: Serum IgM, leptin, and amylin concentrations were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the Diab and DSC groups compared with the HC group. Results: No statistical differences were observed in microbiome composition and diversity at community levels as evaluated by alpha (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.16) and beta (PERMANOVA p = 0.41) diversity indexes. Firmicutes (51.2%), Proteobacteria (14.9%), Actinobacteria (12.5%), and Bacteroidetes (7.8%) were the predominant bacterial phyla present in the stool microbiome of the study population. However, no differences (p ≥ 0.05) in phylum-level taxonomic composition were observed between the study groups. At genus level, Coprococcus and Ruminococcus from phylum Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium from phylum Actinobacteria were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between the study groups. Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus were higher in the HC group, whereas Ruminococcus was higher in the DSC group. Conclusions: Taken together, in the present study, we report the gut microbiome of diabetic patients, which has specific taxonomic characteristics associated with the incidence and progression of diabetes.
The Autonomy Measurement Index on Indonesian Solar Power Plant&nbsp;
Authors: Thamrin Suyono , Ambarwati Rita , Marendra Muhamad Rifqy Arya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Energy autonomy refers to the guaranteed energy availability by maximizing domestic potential. The success of the energy autonomy target requires dimensions of indicators for measurement, assessment, and evaluation. The purpose of the study is to determine the autonomy of Solar Power Plant management in Indonesia through indexing and to develop improvement strategies for management autonomy located in Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. Methods: This research applied qualitative methods. The data from the informants were collected to obtain management autonomy measures that used scores and weights. A Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats matrix analysis establishes a strategy to increase autonomy. Results: The results showed that the value of the management autonomy index score was 2.79 ((from a maximum scale of 4.00), which was reasonable enough and equivalent to level three in the Capability Maturity Model. This level shows the capability to define the running process. It requires two steps of improvement or a strategy to achieve the optimal level, being able to perform process optimization for autonomy management (level 5). Based on the matrix analysis results, the appropriate approach is a strategy that improves weaknesses by maximizing opportunities in a quadrant III turn ground. Conclusios: The strategy was done by developing policies to enhance solar power plant stakeholder synergy in Indonesia and facilitate technology transfer to international solar power plant component producers. Autonomy in the management and control of solar power plants is essential so that there is no disruption on energy security in Indonesia. This study recommends evaluating or measuring the autonomy index for other energy sectors, especially to support the achievement of the energy mix target, which in turn aims to increase national energy autonomy and security.
Mental Health of Medical Workers in Japan during COVID-19: Relationships with Loneliness, Hope and Self-Compassion
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Ozaki Akihoko , Miyatake Hirotomo , Tsunetoshi Chie , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Tanimoto Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted medical workers’ mental health in many countries including Japan. Although research identified poor mental health of medical workers in COVID-19, protective factors for their mental health remain to be appraised. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate relationships between mental health problems, loneliness, hope and self-compassion among Japanese medical workers, and compare with the general population. Online self-report measures regarding those four constructs were completed by 142 medical workers and 138 individuals in the general population. T-tests and multiple regression analysis were performed. Medical workers had higher levels of mental health problems and loneliness, and lower levels of hope and self-compassion than the general population. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of mental health problems in the medical workers. Findings suggest that Japanese medical workplaces may benefit from targeting workplace loneliness to protect staff mental health from the current crisis.
The COVID-19 Lab Score: An Accurate Dynamic Tool to Predict In-Hospital Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Muiños Pablo J. Antunez , Otero Diego López , Amat-Santos Ignacio J. , Pais Javier López , Aparisi Alvaro , Antonio Carla E. Cacho , Catalá Pablo , Ferrero Teba González , Cabezón Gonzalo , García Oscar Otero , Gil José Francisco , Poza Marta Pérez , Candela Jordi , Rojas Gino , Ramos Víctor Jiménez , Veras Carlos , Román J. Alberto San , González-Juanatey José R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Deterioration is sometimes unexpected in SARS-CoV2 infection. The aim of our study is to establish laboratory predictors of mortality in COVID-19 disease which can help to identify high risk patients.Methods: All patients admitted to hospital due to Covid-19 disease were included. Laboratory biomarkers that contributed with significant predictive value for predicting mortality to the clinical model were included. Cut-off points were established, and finally a risk score was built. Results: 893 patients were included. Median age was 68.2 years(CI 95% 53.0-83.4). 87(9.7%) were admitted to Intensive Care Unit(ICU) and 72(8.1%) also needed mechanical ventilation support. 171(19.1%) patients died. A Covid-19 Lab score ranging from 0 to 30 points was calculated on the basis of a multivariate logistic regression model in order to predict mortality with a weighted score that included haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, creatinine, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer. Three groups were established. Low mortality risk group under 12 points, 12 to 18 were included as moderate risk, and high risk group were those with 19 or more points. Low risk group as reference, moderate and high patients showed mortality OR 4.75(CI95% 2.60-8.68) and 23.86(CI 95% 13.61-41.84), respectively. C-statistic was 0-85(0.82-0.88) and Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value 0.63.Conclusion: Covid-19 Lab score can very easily predict mortality in patients at any moment during admission secondary to SARS-CoV2 infection. It is a simple and dynamic score, and it can be very easily replicated. It could help physicians to identify high risk patients to foresee clinical deterioration.
Facile Synthesis of (E)-5-Styrylpyrimidines via Wittig Reaction Using So-dium Tripolyphosphate in Water
Authors: Patel Anilkumar S. , Gandhi Sahaj A. , Modh Rajesh D. , Patel Urmila H. , Naliapara Yogesh T. , Kapuriya Naval P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
An inexpensive and eco-friendly Wittig olefination protocol has been developed to prepare novel (E)-5-styrylpy-rimidines. The reaction of pyrimidine phosphonium ylide with different aryl/hetero-aryl aldehydes underwent smoothly in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) in aqueous condition giving (E)-5-styrylpyrimidines (10a-t) in very high yields (77-96 %).