bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allelopathy and allelopathic substances of mango (Mangifera indicaL.)
Authors: Kato‐Noguchi Hisashi , Kurniadie Denny 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHomegarden, traditional agroforestry system in tropical and subtropical regions, sustains the availability of daily necessities. Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) is an essential tree in the homegardens and is used for multiple purposes such as food, folk medicine, fuel, timber, and apiculture. The interaction between mango and weeds or crops has been evaluated in terms of allelopathy and the evidence of the allelopathy accumulated in the literature over two decades. The leaf extracts and leachate of mango inhibited the germination and growth of several other plants species. Soil collected from mango orchard shows growth inhibitory activity. Residues of mango leaves also suppressed the growth of other plant species. Phytotoxic substances such as coumaric, vanillic, caffeic, cinnamic, gallic and protocatechuic acids, and methyl gallate and quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside were identified in mango leaves. Those compounds may be released into the soil through the leaf leachate and the decomposition of plant residues and they can inhibit the germination and the growth of neighboring plants as allelopathic substances. Therefore, the allelopathy of mango is potentially useful for the weed management options in homegardens and other agriculture settings to reduce commercial herbicide dependency.
Physiological regulation of bone length and skeletal proportion in mammals
Authors: Zhou Elaine , Lui Julian 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
Mechanisms regulating bone length and skeletal proportions

What advances does it highlight?
The study of differential bone length between leg and finger bones, metatarsals of the Egyptian jerboa and genomic analysis of giraffes.

AbstractAmong mammalian species, skeletal structures vary greatly in size and shape, leading to a dramatic variety of body sizes and proportions. How different bones grow to different lengths, whether among different species, different individuals of the same species, or even in different anatomical parts of our the body, has always been a fascinating subject of research in biology and physiology. In the current review, we focus on some of the recent advances in the field and discuss how these provided important new insights into the mechanisms regulating bone length and skeletal proportions.
Myths and methodologies: Degrees of freedom – limitations of infrared thermographic screening for Covid‐19 and other infections
Authors: Mekjavic Igor B. , Tipton Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAround the planet, in many different scenarios, skin temperature is being used as a surrogate measure of deep body (core) temperature in the assessment of whether an individual is infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes the coronavirus disease (Covid‐19), as indicated by the presence of fever. The key question is whether this is a valid methodology. If it is not, we run the risk of falsely excluding individuals from places they may want, or need, to go. We also run the risk of falsely allowing people into places where they can spread the undetected infection they have. In this review, we explore these and associated questions. We establish the limited utility of the current methodology for the mass screening of individuals for Covid‐19 related fever using infrared thermography. We propose the development of an alternative method that may prove to be more sensitive.
The effects of maternal position, in late gestation pregnancy, on placental blood flow and oxygenation: an MRI study
Authors: Couper Sophie , Clark Alys , Thompson John M. D. , Flouri Dimitra , Aughwane Rosalind , David Anna L. , Melbourne Andrew , Mirjalili Ali , Stone Peter R. 
Published: December 2020

Key points
Maternal supine sleep position in late pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.
Maternal supine position in late pregnancy reduces maternal cardiac output and uterine blood flow.
Using MRI, this study shows that compared to the left lateral position, maternal supine position in late pregnancy is associated with reduced utero‐placental blood flow and oxygen transfer across the placenta with an average 6.2% reduction in oxygen delivery to the fetus and an average 11% reduction in fetal umbilical venous blood flow.
AbstractMaternal sleep position in late gestation is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, though the pathophysiological reasons for this are unclear. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that compared with lateral positions, lying supine causes a reduction in cardiac output, reduced abdominal aortic blood flow and reduced vena caval flow which is only partially compensated for by increased flow in the azygos venous system. Using functional MRI techniques, including an acquisition termed diffusion–relaxation combined imaging of the placenta (DECIDE), which combines diffusion weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry, blood flow and oxygen transfer were estimated in the maternal, fetal and placental compartments when subjects were scanned both supine and in left lateral positions. In late gestation pregnancy, lying supine caused a 23.7% (P < 0.0001) reduction in total internal iliac arterial blood flow to the uterus. In addition, lying in the supine position caused a 6.2% (P = 0.038) reduction in oxygen movement across the placenta. The reductions in oxygen transfer to the fetus, termed delivery flux, of 11.2% (P = 0.0597) and in fetal oxygen saturation of 4.4% (P = 0.0793) did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that even in healthy late gestation pregnancy, maternal position significantly affects oxygen transfer across the placenta and may in part provide an explanation for late stillbirth in vulnerable fetuses.
A Novel Streamline-Based Objective Function for Well Placement Optimization in Waterfloods
Authors: Naderi Foroozan , Siavashi Majid , Nakhaee Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn reservoir development plans, well placement optimization is usually performed to better sweep oil and reduce the amount of trapped oil inside reservoirs. Long-term optimization of well placement requires multiple times simulation of reservoirs which makes these problems cumbersome, especially when a large number of decision variables exist. Cumulative oil production (COP) or net present value (NPV) functions are commonly used as the objective function of optimal enhance oil recovery projects. Use of these functions requires a full-time reservoir simulation and their convergence could be difficult with the chance to be trapped in local optimum solutions. In this study, the novel proportionally distributed streamlines (PDSLs) target function is proposed that can be minimized to reach the optimal well placement. PDSL can be estimated even without full-time reservoir simulation. PDSL tries to direct the appropriate number of streamlines toward the regions with larger amount of oil in the shortest time and hence can improve oil recovery. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method linked to an in-house streamline-based reservoir simulator is implemented to optimize well placement of water-flooding problems in a two-dimensional heterogeneous reservoir model.
Dynamic Simulation and Comparison of a Combined Heat and Power System With/Without Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Rostami Zadeh Khodadoost , Mirjalily Seyed Ali Agha , Oloomi Seyed Amir Abbas , Salehi Gholamreza , Khoshgoftar Manesh M. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present paper simulates and dynamically analyzes a combined heat and power (CHP) system driven by a gas-fueled internal combustion engine. The CHP system uses a heat exchanger to convert the heat loss of the engine to meet heat demand and uses a generator for power generation. Then, the impact of the use or non-use thermal energy storage (TES) is examined on power and heat generation. Given the different demands of different seasons, two smart control strategies are developed concerning time to attain higher efficiency in different seasons. A TES is included in the control strategy for cold and hot seasons, and analyses are performed for a typical week. The gas engine of the CHP system uses time and temperature variables simultaneously to operate smartly by two strategies for a year instead of one single strategy. The results show that when a control strategy with variable partial loads based on temperature and time is employed, the efficiency of the CHP system’s gas engine is improved. Using the results of the new and smart control strategy, the CHP system exhibits an efficiency of 84.2% in the hot season and an efficiency of 87.0% in the cold seasons for a typical week.
Evaluation of a Novel Quadruple Combined Cycle With the Magnetohydrodynamic Generator Based on 6E Analysis
Authors: Esmaeilzadehazimi M. A. , Khoshgoftar Manesh M. H. , Majidi M. , Nourpour M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The generation of the electric power through magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is one of the most advanced high-temperature energy conversions as it directly turns the heat into electricity. In this study, a quadruple cycle with a MHD generator was considered as the upstream cycle, a Brayton cycle was taken as the middle cycle through heating, and an organic Rankine cycle and steam cycle were regarded as the downstream cycles using the heat loss of the MHD generator and gas turbine, respectively. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, emergoeconomic, and emergoenvironmental (6E) analyses were done in the proposed system simultaneously for the first time. In addition, advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses were performed for the proposed system to show the effect of irreversibility accurately and deeply. Despite the slight difference between the results of the emergoeconomic and emergoenvironmental sector with the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental sector, the obtained qualitative results were very similar showing that the emergoeconomic and emergoenvironmental analyses can be proper alternatives to the conventional exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses. The temperature of the heat source is one of the most important criteria for fluid selection in the organic Rankine cycles. Five organic fluids were selected and evaluated according to the desired hot source temperature for the Rankine organic cycle (262 °C). The results showed that the R141b with energy and efficiency of 15.25 and 58.05%, respectively, had the best thermodynamic and exergy performance with the least amount of total costs using this fluid.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in the prevention and treatment of subclinical, mild and moderate depression in primary care: a randomised clinical trial protocol
Authors: Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Navarro Capilla , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Gervilla Elena , Magallón Botaya Rosa , Calafat-Villalonga Catalina , García-Toro Mauro , Boira Santiago , Serrano-Ripoll María Jesús 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionMajor depression is a highly prevalent pathology that is currently the second most common cause of disease-induced disability in our society. The onset and continuation of depression may be related to a wide variety of biological and psychosocial factors, many of which are linked to different lifestyle aspects. Therefore, health systems must design and implement health promotion and lifestyle modification programmes (LMPs), taking into account personal factors and facilitators. The main objective of this protocol is to analyse the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cost utility of an LMP and an LMP with information and communication technologies (ICTs) as adjunctive treatment for depression in primary care patients. The secondary objectives are to analyse the clinical effectiveness in the subgroup that presents comorbidity and to analyse the correlation between personal factors on health behaviour and lifestyle patterns.Methods and analysisA randomised, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial with three parallel groups consisting of primary healthcare patients suffering from subclinical, mild or moderate depression. The following interventions will be used: (1) Usual antidepressant treatment with psychological advice and/or psychotropic drugs prescribed by the general practitioner (treatment as usual (TAU)). (2) TAU+LMP. A programme to be imparted in six weekly 90-minute group sessions, intended to improve the following aspects: behavioural activation+daily physical activity+adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern+sleep hygiene+careful exposure to sunlight. (3) TAU+LMP+ICTs: healthy lifestyle recommendations (TAU+LMP)+monitoring using ICTs (a wearable smartwatch). The primary outcome will be the depressive symptomatology and the secondary outcomes will be the quality of life, the use of health and social resources, personal factors on health behaviour, social support, lifestyle patterns and chronic comorbid pathology. Data will be collected before and after the intervention, with 6-month and 12-month follow-ups.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Aragón (approval number: C.P.-C.I. PI18/286) and the Research Ethics Committee of the Balearic Islands (IB3950/19 PI). Data distribution will be anonymous. Results will be disseminated via conferences and papers published in peer-reviewed, open-access journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03951350).
Which psychotherapy is effective in panic disorder? And which delivery formats are supported by the evidence? Study protocol for two systematic reviews and network meta-analyses
Authors: Papola Davide , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Gastaldon Chiara , Purgato Marianna , Del Giovane Cinzia , Pompoli Alessandro , Karyotaki Eirini , Sijbrandij Marit , Furukawa Toshi A , Cuijpers Pim , Barbui Corrado 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionPanic disorder is among the most prevalent anxiety diseases. Although psychotherapy is recommended as first-line treatment for panic disorder, little is known about the relative efficacy of different types of psychotherapies. Moreover, there is little evidence concerning the effectiveness of different formats of major psychotherapeutic types, such as cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT). In this protocol, we present an overarching project consisting of two systematic reviews and network meta-analyses (NMA) to shed light on which psychotherapy (NMA-1), and specifically, which CBT delivery format (NMA-2) should be considered most effective for adults suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia.Methods and analysesStarting from a common pool of data, we will conduct two systematic reviews and NMA of randomised controlled trials examining panic disorder. A comprehensive search will be performed in electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials—CENTRAL from database inception to 1 January 2021 to identify relevant studies. A systematic approach to searching, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be applied. Titles, abstract and—whenever necessary—full texts will be examined independently by at least two reviewers. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool V.2. The primary efficacy outcome will be anxiety symptoms at study endpoint. The primary acceptability outcome will be all-cause discontinuation, as measured by the proportion of patients who had discontinued treatment for any reason at endpoint. Data will be pooled using a random-effects model. Pairwise and NMA will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is necessary for these two studies, as there will be no collection of primary data. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences and meetings.
Dose–response association between fluid overload and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Wang Meiping , Zhu Bo , Jiang Li , Wen Ying , Du Bin , Li Wen , Liu Guangxu , Li Wei , Wen Jing , He Yan , Xi Xiuming 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesFluid management is important in ensuring haemodynamic stability in critically ill patients, but can easily lead to fluid overload (FO). However, the optimal fluid balance plot or range for critically ill patients is unknown. This study aimed to explore the dose–response relationship between FO and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients.DesignMulticentre, prospective, observational study.SettingEighteen intensive care units (ICUs) of 16 tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsCritically ill patients in the ICU for more than 3 days.Primary outcome measures and analysesFO was defined as the ratio of the cumulative fluid balance (L) and initial body weight (kg) on ICU admission, expressed as a percentage. Maximum FO was defined as the peak value of FO during the first 3 days of ICU admission. Logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines were used to explore the pattern and magnitude of the association between maximum FO and risk of in-hospital mortality. Age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on admission, main diagnosis on admission to ICU, comorbidities, time of maximum FO, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, use of vasopressors and centres were adjusted in multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 3850 patients were included in the study, 929 (24.1%) of whom died in the hospital. For each 1% L/kg increase in maximum FO, the risk of in-hospital mortality increased by 4% (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05, p<0.001). A maximum FO greater than 10% was associated with a 44% increased HR of in-hospital mortality compared with an FO less than 5% (aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.67). Notably, we found a non-linear dose–response association between maximum FO and in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsBoth higher and negative fluid balance levels were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients.Trial registration numberChiCTR-ECH-13003934.
Investigating associations between physical activity and presenteeism: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hervieux Valérie , Biron Caroline , Dima Justine 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionConsidering that physical activity plays a key role in the health of workers, a growing number of researchers are studying its relationship with various workplace outcomes, such as presenteeism. Numerous scientists recognise the relevance of further studying this relationship in order to improve our understanding of it. However, studies about the association between physical activity and presenteeism show some discrepancy in the results obtained. Disparity in the way of measuring presenteeism makes it even more challenging to compare results. In addition, it remains difficult to determine the optimal frequency, intensity, duration and type of physical activity to increase the productivity benefits of physical activity. In light of these issues, clarification through a scoping review of the literature on the subject is warranted.Method and analysisA search strategy will be conducted in six scientific databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ABI Inform Global, Web of Science and Business Source Premier. A screening process by two independent reviewers will lead to study selection. Quantitative and qualitative studies written in English about the relation between physical activity and presenteeism will be considered for inclusion. Data on the definition and measurement of presenteeism as well as the measurement of physical activity will be extracted. Additional data will be extracted to provide a descriptive overview of studies that have examined the relationship between presenteeism and physical activity.Ethics and disseminationAs this study will be based only on published studies, ethics approval is not required. Through the manner in which the included studies will be presented (categorised by their approach to presenteeism), this scoping review has the potential to improve our understanding of some of the inconsistencies observed in the literature. This review can also identify gaps in the existing evidence base and lead to new avenues of research.
Air pollutants and development of interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue disease: a population-based case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hsin-Hua , Yong You-Ming , Lin Ching-Heng , Chen Yi-Hsing , Chen Der-Yuan , Ying Jia-Ching , Chao Wen-Cheng 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the association between air pollutant exposure and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs).SettingA nationwide, population-based, matched case–control study in Taiwan.ParticipantsUsing the 1997–2013 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed CTD during 2001–2013, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DMtis)/polymyositis (PM) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatients with newly diagnosed ILD during 2012–2013 were identified as ILD cases, and selected patients with CTD without ILD matching (1:4) the CTD cases for CTD diagnosis, age, gender, disease duration and year of ILD diagnosis date were identified as non-ILD controls. Data of hourly level of air pollutants 1 year before the index date were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. The association between ILD and air pollutant exposure was evaluated using logistic regression analysis shown as adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe identified 505 newly diagnosed CTD-ILD patients, including 82 with SLE, 210 with RA, 47 with SSc, 44 with DMtis/PM and 122 with pSS. Ozone (O3) exposure (per 10 ppb) was associated with a decreased ILD risk in patients with CTD (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.79) after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsA previously unrecognised inverse correlation was found between O3 exposure and ILD in patients with RA and SSc. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.