bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Donnellan Eoin , Wazni Oussama , Kanj Mohamed , Elshazly Mohamed B , Hussein Ayman , Baranowski Bryan , Hanna Mazen , Patel Divyang , Trulock Kevin , Martyn Michael , Menon Venu , Saliba Walid , Jaber Wael A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in as many as 70% of patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR CA). The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of AF ablation on freedom from recurrent arrhythmia, hospitalization for AF or heart failure (HF), and mortality.

Methods and results
This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 72 patients with ATTR CA and AF, of whom 24 underwent AF ablation and were matched in a 2:1 manner based on age, gender, ATTR CA stage, New York Heart Association functional class, ejection fraction, and date of AF diagnosis with 48 patients with ATTR CA and AF undergoing medical management. During a mean follow-up of 39 ± 26 months, 10 (42%) patients remained free of recurrent arrhythmia following ablation. Ablation was significantly more effective in those with Stage I or II ATTR CA, with 9/14 (64%) patients with Stage I or II ATTR CA remaining free of recurrent arrhythmia compared to only 1/10 (10%) patients with Stage III disease (P = 0.005). Death occurred in 7 (29%) patients in the ablation group compared to 36 (75%) in the non-ablation arm (P = 0.01). Rates of ischaemic stroke were similar in both groups. Ablation was associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of hospitalization for HF/arrhythmia (1.7 ± 2.4 hospitalizations vs. 4 ± 3.5, P = 0.005). On Cox proportional hazards analyses, ablation was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence intervals 0.17–0.86; P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with reduced mortality in ATTR CA and is most effective when performed earlier during the disease process.
Transcriptional Mutagenesis Prevents Ribosomal DNA Deterioration: The Role of Duplications and Deletions
Authors: Colizzi Enrico Sandro , Hogeweg Paulien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clashes between transcription and replication complexes can cause point mutations and chromosome rearrangements on heavily transcribed genes. In eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes, the system that prevents transcription–replication conflicts also causes frequent copy number variation. Such fast mutational dynamics do not alter growth rates in yeast and are thus selectively near neutral. It was recently found that yeast regulates these mutations by means of a signaling cascade that depends on the availability of nutrients.
Here, we investigate the long-term evolutionary effect of the mutational dynamics observed in yeast. We developed an in silico model of single-cell organisms whose genomes mutate more frequently when transcriptional load is larger. We show that mutations induced by high transcriptional load are beneficial when biased toward gene duplications and deletions: they decrease mutational load even though they increase the overall mutation rates. In contrast, genome stability is compromised when mutations are not biased toward gene duplications and deletions, even when mutations occur much less frequently.
Taken together, our results show that the mutational dynamics observed in yeast are beneficial for the long-term stability of the genome and pave the way for a theory of evolution where genetic operators are themselves cause and outcome of the evolutionary dynamics.
Innovation and job creation in (high-growth) new firms
Authors: Santoleri Pietro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent research has underscored the prominent role played by a small fraction of fast-growing new firms in contributing to aggregate net employment growth. While it is typically assumed that those firms experience this superior performance thanks to their ability in undertaking technological innovation, few empirical studies have explicitly addressed this issue. This article examines the innovation-employment nexus for startups using the Kauffman Firm Survey, a unique longitudinal dataset tracking a single cohort of US firms founded in 2004. Results based on fixed effects panel quantile regressions indicate an overall positive but heterogeneous effect of innovation activities on the conditional employment growth distribution. More in detail, the findings reveal that both research and development and patents have a positive association with employment growth especially for those new firms experiencing high growth.
Effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and fermentation products in the diet of newly weaned beef steers: growth performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, serum biochemistry, and plasma metabolome1
Authors: Adeyemi James A , Harmon David L , Compart D M Paulus , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the growth performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, serum biochemistry, and plasma metabolome of newly weaned beef steers during a 42 d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (7 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) from a single source were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet top-dressed with 19 g of the DFM (PROB; n = 20). Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on blood samples collected on days 21 and 42. Serum biochemical parameters and plasma metabolome were analyzed on days 0, 21, and 42. On day 40, fecal grab samples were collected for pH measurement. Compared with CON, dietary supplementation of PROB increased final body weight (P = 0.01) and ADG (1.42 vs. 1.23 kg; P = 0.04) over the 42 d feeding trial. There was a tendency for improved FE with PROB supplementation (P = 0.10). No treatment effect (P = 0.24) on DMI was observed. Supplementation with PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the concentrations of serum calcium, total protein, and albumin. Compared with CON, dietary supplementation with PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of some immune-related genes involved in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6), T-cell differentiation (such as STAT6, ICAM1, RORC, TBX21, and CXCR3) and others such as TNF and CASP1, on day 21 and/or day 42. Conversely, IL-8 was upregulated (P = 0.01) in beef steers fed CON diet on day 21. Plasma untargeted plasma metabolome analysis revealed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of metabolites, 5-methylcytosine and indoleacrylic acid involved in protecting the animals against inflammation in steers fed PROB diet. There was a tendency for lower fecal pH in steers fed PROB diet (P = 0.08), a possible indication of increased hindgut fermentation. This study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB diet improved the performance, nutritional status, and health of newly weaned beef steers during a 42 d receiving period.
Aurora kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of mPOU at a specific site drives skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Karthigeyan Dhanasekan , Bose Arnab , Boopathi Ramachandran , Rao Vinay Jaya , Shima Hiroki , Bharathy Narendra , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Taneja Reshma , Trivedi Arun Kumar , Kundu Tapas K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aurora kinases are Ser/Thr-directed protein kinases which play pivotal roles in mitosis. Recent evidences highlight the importance of these kinases in multiple biological events including skeletal muscle differentiation. Our earlier study identified the transcription factor POU6F1 (or mPOU) as a novel Aurora kinase (Aurk) A substrate. Here, we report that Aurora kinase A phosphorylates mPOU at Ser197 and inhibit its DNA-binding ability. Delving into mPOU physiology, we find that the phospho-mimic (S197D) mPOU mutant exhibits enhancement, while the wild type or the phospho-deficient mutant shows retardation in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, POU6F1 depletion phenocopies S197D-mPOU overexpression in the differentiation context. Collectively, our results signify mPOU as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation and strengthen the importance of AurkA in skeletal myogenesis.
A Load off Whose Heart? Psychiatry and the Politics of Respectability and Race Representation in Harlem, 1943-45
Authors: Doyle Dennis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In wartime Harlem, liberal mental health professionals, eager to serve the black freedom struggle, sought to depict the minds of troubled black children as human without reinforcing pernicious racial stereotypes. This paper examines how psychiatrist Viola W. Bernard and the Community Service Society struggled to portray the black community as both psychologically damaged and morally beyond reproach when publicly presenting the cases of her male and female clients. As a consequence, liberals helped champion the mental health needs of delinquent black males as a matter of racial justice while rendering young unmarried mothers effectively invisible.
Periacetabular osteotomy using three-dimensional cutting and reposition guides: a cadaveric study
Authors: Wirth Stephan H , Rahm Stefan , Kamath Atul F , Dora Claudio , Zingg Patrick O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The goal of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is to reorient the acetabulum in a more physiological position. Its realization remains challenging regarding the final position of the acetabulum. Assistance with custom cutting- and reorientation-guides would thus be very helpful. Our purpose is to present a pilot study on such guides. Eight cadaveric hemipelvis were scanned using CT. After segmentation, 3D models of each specimen were created, a PAO was virtually performed and reorientation of the acetabula were defined. A specific guide was designed aiming to assist in iliac, posterior column and superior pubic ramus cuts as well as in acetabulum reorientation. Furthermore, the acetabular position was planned. Three-dimensional printed guides were used to perform PAO using the modified Smith-Peterson approach. The post-operative CT images and virtually planned acetabulum reorientation were compared in terms of acetabular index (AC), lateral centre edge angle (LCE), acetabular anteversion angle (AcetAV). There was no intra-articular or posterior column fracture seen. Two cadavers showed very low bone quality with insufficient stability of fixation and were excluded from further analysis. Correlation between the post-operative result and planning of the six included cadavers revealed the following mean deviations: 5° (SD ±3°) for AC angle, 6° (SD ±4°) for LCE angle and 15° (SD ±11°) for AcetAV angle. The use of 3D cutting and reorientation blocks for PAO was possible through a modified Smith-Peterson approach and revealed accurate fit to bone, accurate positioning of the osteotomies and acceptable planned corrections in cadavers with good bone quality.
Predictors of venous thromboembolism development before and during chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumor
Authors: Nitta Satoshi , Kawai Koji , Kimura Tomokazu , Kawahara Takashi , Kandori Shuya , Hoshi Akio , Kojima Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe retrospectively analyzed the incidence and localization of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumor and separately evaluated the risk factors for venous thromboembolism development before and during chemotherapy.MethodsWe included 121 patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy between 2005 and 2018. Venous thromboembolism was defined as venous thrombosis diagnosed using radiological imaging with or without thromboembolic symptoms. We analyzed the clinical parameters for identifying the possible venous thromboembolism risk factors. Khorana score was used to calculate the venous thromboembolism risk.ResultsThirteen patients showed prechemotherapy venous thromboembolism and 13 developed venous thromboembolism during chemotherapy. The most common venous thromboembolism was deep vein thrombosis (10 patients), followed by inferior vena cava thrombus (eight patients) and pulmonary thrombus (six patients). Compared to the group without venous thromboembolism, the group with prechemotherapy venous thromboembolism showed higher proportion of patients with tumors originating in the right testis (10 out of 13), significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (828 IU/L versus 436 IU/L, P = 0.013), significantly higher proportion of patients with retroperitoneal lymph node (RPLN) metastases &gt;5 cm in diameter (76.9% versus 33.7%, P = 0.003) and slightly higher proportion of patients with high-risk Khorana score (≥ 3; 30.8% versus 11.6%). No significant differences were observed between the clinical characteristics of patients with venous thromboembolism developed during chemotherapy and patients without venous thromboembolism.ConclusionsWe show that both RPLN mass &gt; 5 cm and high lactate dehydrogenase levels are significant risk factors for prechemotherapy venous thromboembolism but not for venous thromboembolism development during chemotherapy.
Elevated Lipase in an Infant with Altered Mental Status
Authors: González Iván , Roper Stephen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pancreatic enzymes lipase and amylase serve important functions in digestion/absorption of fats and polysaccharides. Measurement of these enzymes is often used in the emergency department to rule out acute pancreatitis in patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. In acute pancreatitis, serial measurements of plasma lipase and amylase typically follow a predictable temporal pattern of rise-and-fall kinetics: lipase levels rise within 4 to 8 hours, crest at 2× to 50× the upper reference limit at 24 hours, and decline to normal concentrations in 7 to 14 days. In situations in which the duration and magnitude of pancreatic enzyme elevation are more transient, clinicians should consider alternative causes for enzyme elevation. In this case report, incidental discovery of elevated lipase in an African American baby girl who ingested oxycodone resulted in additional laboratory and radiological work-up. Stronger awareness of exogenous influences on gastrointestinal motility may have prevented the need for further testing in this patient.
Urban (Economic) Success Is Never a Straight Line
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 is in part autobiographical and invites the reader on four urban journeys. First, we go to New York, whose decline and subsequent resurgence are recounted through the author’s eyes: In this journey, we revisit the violent neighborhoods of 1950s Westside Manhattan, and we also show how New York’s unequaled concentration of human and institutional resources allowed the city to rebound. We then travel to Vienna, which went from imperial grandeur to urban hell, losing its intellectual elites and historic hinterland, only to rise up again. The voyage to Port au Prince follows, introducing us to a Third World city and the struggles of daily life under conditions of extreme poverty and institutional dysfunction, whose roots take us back to Haiti’s sad history. The final stop is Buenos Aires, which was once in the same league with New York and London but is now reduced to the status of a Third World city, providing the textbook example of the power of national government to undermine even the greatest cities.
Montreal
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter recounts the history of Montreal since the 1950s, detailing its passage from Canada’s metropolis to second city and its subsequent rebirth as an economically vibrant and eminently livable city. Montreal is the story of a metropolis initially divided between two unequal linguistic groups that overcame their divisions, the result of provincial/state policies that explicitly favored the initially lower-income group (French Canadians), both by investing massively in education and (more controversially) by promulgating measures to promote the French language and restrict the use of English. The latter policy produced an exodos of human capital and business, triggering Montreal’s decline. But that shock also laid the groundwork for Montreal’s resurgence and a new economic elite, new economic hinterland, and new economic base. Montreal’s story demonstrates not only that social divides can be healed and that societies can change, but also that economic change often first requires social change.
Shaping the Playing Field
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the conditions under which cities compete within nations and also globally. Those conditions vary across nations because of differences in geography as well as differences in political cultures and institutions. The chapter explores four factors that shape competition: (1) national fiscal regimes, including the presence or absence of equalization payments across jurisdictions (cities, states, etc.); (2) housing markets, notably the impact of regulatory regimes on costs; (3) transportation infrastructure and the formation of transport hubs; and (4) the spatial mobility of brains and talent and the economic and social consequences of the concentration of human capita in selected cities. The chapter ends by exploring the relationship between social cohesion and urban competiveness. The sorting populations across cities is a double-edged sword, a potential source of wealth creation but also of social divides.
A kāvya Casting for Pradyumna
Authors: Austin Christopher R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Pradyumnābhyudaya—a thirteenth-century Sanskrit play by King Ravivarman—is the focus of Chapter 7. This work, based directly on the Prabhāvatī episode of the late Harivaṃśa, appears to be the first Brahminical kāvya or courtly belles-lettristic work to make Pradyumna its protagonist. Of central importance is Ravivarman’s molding of the story into conformity with common standards and expectations for poetic expression in courtly writing. In particular it is argued that two conventions of the Sanskrit drama, the garbhāṅka or nested play, and the śleṣa or double-meaning verse form, become the means for an underscoring and sharpening the signature double love-and-war geste of Kṛṣṇa’s son. As such, the chapter argues that the recasting of the Prabhāvatī romance into belles-lettristic form, far from hijacking the figure of Pradyumna for new purposes, in fact powerfully restates the persisting appeal of the masculine sex-and-violence triumphalism fundamental to his mythic persona.
Operating in a Zone of Ambiguity: Tensions and Risks
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the central tensions that animate hip hop diplomacy. One tension is between art and diplomacy, particularly in their distinctive approaches to process and views on outcomes. A second tensions arises because of the asymmetry of power between the United States and the countries that hip hop diplomacy programs visit. This chapter posits that hip hop diplomacy (and cultural diplomacy in general) operates in a zone of ambiguity, a state in which palpable, inescapable tensions and uncertainties hang over one’s every action. Specific examples come from hip hop diplomacy initiatives in El Salvador, India, Morocco, Senegal, and Zimbabwe. The chapter ends by offering guidelines for respectful, collaborative interactions in cultural diplomacy and cultural exchange programs.
Introduction
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Political theology can be understood very broadly as God-talk located in the context of multiple, often competing, perspectives on social life. The focus of this book, however, falls particularly on conceptions of nationhood and empire, and how these have figured in the forming and re-forming of Israel’s social body in a number of geographical settings. The book argues that both the national imaginary and its imperial alternatives were woven into the biblical traditions by authors who enjoyed very little in the way of political sovereignty. But this complex literature has shaped the imaginations of nations and empires until today, and understanding its internal debates will continue to be relevant for those who still live within its history of reception.
Intergenerational Trauma: Children of the Exile
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the hypothesis that Ezra 7–10 reflects the legacies of intergenerational trauma, particularly in the restriction of Israel’s core identity to children of the exile. This conception of a qᵉhal haggôlāh built on the prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, who had pronounced judgment against all those who remained in the land during the Babylonian exile in the sixth century BCE. Laying claim to imperial authority, Ezra’s social policy may have led to ethnic fissure if it had succeeded, since it excluded all the Remainees who claimed descent from Abraham. In later developments reflected in Ezra 1–6, however, the gōlāh identity was expanded to include Benjamin, an area that had been continuously occupied during the sixth century, but it still did not include the northern territory of Samaria.
Legal Compromises: Imperial Contexts of the Pentateuch
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The “hexateuchal” imagination (the six-book story stretching from Genesis to Joshua) located the center of Israel’s life in Shechem, in the north. How that story was cut back to a Pentateuch is not explicitly told, but we can assume that it entailed negotiation and compromise well into the fourth century bce. Instead of the earlier Priestly internationalism, a renewed “Deuteronomic” vision could see Abraham as the founder of a single descent group and a single, great nation (gôy gādôl). Read from the perspective of the completed Pentateuch, the ancestors in Genesis were promised a “Torah republic” with a homeland that could nourish communal identity even from afar. This theocracy was envisaged more in national terms, but communal obligations included the broader range of both Priestly and Deuteronomic provisions now collected within the Pentateuch’s common law, and renegotiated especially within the book of Numbers.
Wise Reservations: Places of Understanding in Job
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bringing skeptical wisdom to the conversation, the book of Job contests the various accounts of covenantal right order and, more broadly, the location of God in the cult. Job 28 condenses the larger intellectual tradition when it suggests that the many places of wisdom in creation might be regarded as traces of the divine. In this respect, Job connects with the cosmic understanding of God in Psalm 104. Foreigners like Job are shown to be fully capable of sharing public space, much as the “Elohim theology” within Priestly tradition also suggests. Neither Job nor the earlier Priestly version of monotheism are inherently opposed to other religious traditions. Wisdom speaks in the earth, not in heaven, and this allows for a broader spirituality of place beyond any theology of divine names.
Economics
Authors: Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Possessive individualism has acquired a profound grip on contemporary political thought and action—on daily life—because it relies on a number of economic notions that now constitute our civic religion. Central concepts of that creed—efficiency, rational choice, market exchange as an arena of liberty and autonomy, consumer sovereignty, price as a measure of value, assertions of aggregate well-being—are accepted as irrefutable truths that insulate them from serious challenge. These core attributes of contemporary economics are misleading and generally false. Recent efforts to attribute civic virtues to markets are incoherent.