bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the effect of various irrigants and dry canal on electronic apex locators in locating simulated root perforations: an in vitro study
Authors: Srivastava Swati , Gaikwad Rahul , Dalal Alayed M 
Published: January 2020

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigants and dry canal on the accuracy of electronic apex locator (EAL) in locating simulated root perforations. Material and methods: twenty singlerooted, mandibular premolars were decoronated at CEJ, and the contents were removed with a barbed broach. The canals were instrumented up to a size of 15 K-file. The roots were artificially perforated at 4 mm from the anatomic apex. The actual length (AL) up to the perforation site was determined. The electronic length (EL) of perforations was obtained by Root ZX mini and iRoot in the dry canal and in the presence of 5.2% NaOCl, SmearOff, and 0.9% sodium chloride using a size 20 K-file. The differences between the EL and AL of the perforations were calculated. Statistical analyses using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyse the data with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: there were significant differences in different canal conditions with both Root ZX mini and i Root. Measurements in dry canals were significantly longer for both apex locators (p < 0.05). Measurements with NaOCl were significantly shorter for both apex locators (p < 0.05). Both apex locators produced significantly accurate values for Saline and Smear OFF (p < 0.05). Conclusions: in this study, both Root ZX mini and i Root were affected by different canal conditions. The most accurate measurements were seen in the presence of saline and SmearOFF.KEYWORDS Electronic apex locator; I Root; Perforation; Root ZX mini; SmearOFF; Sodium hypochlorite; Saline.Keywords: Electronic apex locator, i Root, perforation, Root ZX mini, SmearOFF, sodium hypochlorite, saline
Association of Khat chewing, smoking, age and sex with periodontal status among Yemeni adults
Authors: Al-hajj Wadhah , Hwaiti Hisham , Shamala Anas , Al-Azazi Hamza , Alwesabi Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Periodontal diseases are very common dental disease. Many risk factors may play significant role in the periodontal disease initiation and progression. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of khat chewing, smoking, age and gender on periodontal status among Yemeni adults. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1231 patients attending the outpatient dental polyclinics of University of Science and Technology during the academic years 2017/2018.. All completed sheets were collected throughout the year by the supervisors. Data cleaning, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were then performed. Results: Khat chewers were more frequent than non-chewers counterparts (60.7% vs. 39.3%). The prevalence of smoking was 25.5% (297 patients). Study results indicated that periodontitis is more associated with female gender and participants aged more than 35 years old. Results also showed that female and age older participants aged more than 35 years were significantly associated with gingival recession. Mean number of the teeth with gingival recession in male patients were higher than in females. Male gender and patients aged more than 35 years old were significantly associated with furcation involvement. Conclusion: The present study has shown females gender and age older than 35 seem to be risk factors of periodontal diseases. Males has more teeth affected by gingival recession and more furcation involvement.KeywordsPeriodontal disease; Khat chewing; Smoking; Yemen; Risk factors.
Implementasi Pendidikan terhadap Pola Kebiasaan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Studi Kasus Kehidupan Septi Anak diduga Down Syndrome di Dusun Jetis Desa Mororejo Kec. Tempel Sleman Yogyakarta)
Authors: Rizka Amalia  
Published: January 2020

In a simple child with special needs is a child whose development is different from normal children in general. Children with special needs have some characteristics, which are usually referred to as disorders or abnormalities, one of the disorders or abnormalities is a down syndrome. Down syndrome can happen to anyone and anywhere, be it from poor or rich families, no exception it happens to Septi 12-year-old child who was forced to daily hear the taunts of his peers and parents who forbid his children who Normal to get along with Septi. Septi's life is one example of the many cases of Down Syndrome that occur in children in Indonesia. From the phenomenon that then makes the importance of knowing and reviewing the Pattern of Habits of Children with Special Needs (Case Study of Life Septi Children allegedly Down Syndrome in Dusun Jetis Desa Mororejo Kec. Tempel Sleman Yogyakarta)
Perengkahan Produk Cair Batubara dengan Katalis Ni/Zeolit
Authors: Suyati Linda , Setiaji Bambang , Triyono Triyono 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian pirolisis tir batubara dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode alir termokopel dalam reactor. Temperatur reaktor konstan pada temperature 450oC-700oC untuk reaksi termal. Dan untuk reaksi katalitik dilakukan pada temperature 350oC-600oC. Berat katalis dan laju alir H2 adalah konstan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada temperature tinggi reaksi termal pirolisis adalah gas, sedangkan dengan menggunakan katalis adalah kokas. Konversi dengan katalis Ni/Zeolit dibawah temperature 550oC lebih besar dibandingkan secara termal. Hasil cairan terbanyak pada temperatur 600oC hasil utama senyawa phenol pada reaksi katalitik.
Unter himmlischen Polygonen. Neukonstruktion des Glasdachs und Sanierungsmaßnahmen an der Staatlichen Bibliothek Passau
Authors: Wennerhold Markus 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Nachdem das Glasdach über dem Großen Lesesaal ersetzt werden musste, wurde die Gelegenheit genutzt, das Gebäude der Staatlichen Bibliothek Passau einer umfassenden Sanierung zu unterziehen. Das neue Glasdach macht den ursprünglichen Charakter des ehemaligen Innenhofs wieder erlebbar, des Weiteren wurden unter anderem Brandschutz und Barrierefreiheit auf einen zeitgemäßen Stand gebracht und eine geeignete Beschallungsanlage installiert.
ALPZUG: Was Kühe mit Bibliotheken zu tun haben
Authors: Straub Esther , Müller Alexandra , Tschander Ladina 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die UZH-Bibliotheken und die Zentralbibliothek haben sich entschieden, mit der Einführung des neuen Bibliothekssystems Alma einen gemeinsamen Weg zu beschreiten. Im Projekt ALPZUG wird die Einführung gemeinsam vorbereitet. Die Zusammenarbeit soll künftig intensiviert und die Arbeitsprozesse optimiert werden. Die UZH-Bibliotheken und die Zentralbibliothek erhoffen sich, dass mit den Dienstleistungen der nationalen Bibliotheksplattform (Swiss Library Service Platform) und der geplanten Reorganisation des universitären Bibliothekswesens Personalressourcen freigespielt werden können, um neue, zukunftsorientierte Bibliotheksangebote für die Angehörigen der Universität Zürich wie auch für die Stadt- und Kantonsbibliotheksbenutzenden aufgebaut werden können.
Effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide on spatial learning and memory and hippocampal damages in the experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Ghasemi Elaheh , Afkhami Aghda Faezeh , Rezvani Mohammad Ebrahim , Shahrokhi Raeini Azadeh , Hafizibarjin Zeynab , Zare Mehrjerdi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The vascular changes due to cerebrovascular damage, especially on the capillaries, play a vital role in causing vascular dementia. Increasing oxidative stress can lead to tissue damage while reducing brain blood flow. The use of factors reducing the oxidative stress level can decrease the brain damages. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most important air pollutants that lead to the development of severe brain damage in large quantities. However, studies have recently confirmed the protective effect of SO2 in cardiac ischemic injury, atherosclerosis and pulmonary infections.

Methods
The permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) method was used to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Two treatment groups of SO2 were studied. The animal cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal tissue damage was examined after 2 months of BCAO. In the biochemical analysis, the activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus was studied.

Results
Neuronal damage in hippocampus, as well as cognitive impairment in ischemia groups treated with SO2 showed a significant improvement. Catalase activity was also significantly increased in the hippocampus of treated groups.

Conclusions
According to the results, SO2 is likely to be effective in reducing the CCH-caused damages by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus.
Student Learning through Swedish School Libraries: Analysis, Findings and Recommendations
Authors: Marino John , Schultz-Jones Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis exploratory study examines the application of methods used in the United States to evaluate the impact of school library programs and services on student learning to a setting in Uppsala, Sweden. The Student Learning through Ohio School Libraries study of Todd and Kuhlthau served as the model for data collection in Uppsala middle and high schools and subsequent analysis. Modifications to the original study and details of the data collection and analysis are provided. Findings suggest that many students do perceive that the library program provides different categories of help in their learning processes, that students may benefit from direct instruction in all stages of the information problem-solving process, and that the application of methods to school library settings worldwide may enable meaningful comparisons of practice in school libraries. Findings are limited by the amount of time between data collection and analysis, and modifications to the methodology applied in the original study. Still, this effort marks a critical benchmark in international efforts to demonstrate the impact of the school library on student achievement.
Hydrophobic cellulose aerogel from waste napkin paper for oil sorption applications
Authors: Sanguanwong Amaret , Pavasant Prasert , Jarunglumlert Teeraya , Nakagawa Kyuya , Flood Adrian , Prommuak Chattip 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, where waste napkin paper was successfully valorized to low-density (27.2 mg cm−3) cellulose aerogels for oil sorption material. Two simple methods with different gel coagulators, ethanol and sulfuric acid, were used for preparation of the aerogel. Conditions for the alkaline treatment of the raw material and the pre-freezing temperature in the lyophilization process were optimized. It was found that the water and oil sorption capacities of the aerogels were not significantly affected by alkaline treatment, while they could be adjusted by changing the pre-freezing temperature. Although the produced aerogels were initially amphiphilic, hydrophobic surfaces were obtained by vapor deposition of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and these materials possessed high sorption capacities, up to 32.24 cm3 g−1 (28.56 g g−1) for pump oil and 26.77 cm3 g−1 (39.59 g g−1) for chloroform. This was comparable to aerogels prepared from fresh cellulosic materials via the sol-gel method, as their sorption capacities varied in the range of 14–45 g g−1.
Migrant Labour and Workers' Struggles: The German Meatpacking Industry as Contested Terrain
Authors: Birke Peter , Bluhm Felix 
Published: January 2020

This article summarises results of a project whose aim was to analyse the role of migration within the current recomposition of the working class in Germany. We focus on the example of the meat industry in the Oldenburger Münsterland, a region that is experiencing a strong economic boom based on the expansion and modernisation of industrial work. The exploitation of migrant labour, composed of “newcomers” to the industry with both European Union and refugee backgrounds, is a pivotal feature of that boom. Most research on migrant labour focuses on legal frameworks and labour market dynamics. By focusing instead on the labour process, we are able to examine the connections between exploitation, resistance and collective organisation among migrant workers. We show that the experience of migrant workers is not one of complete powerlessness and subjugation. We contrast workers in two sub-sectors, slaughtering and packing on the one hand and industrial cleaning on the other. Although both of these activities are similarly low-wage and migrant-dominated, we find variation in the ability of these workers to exercise power. The importance of skill and the need to avoid turnover gives workers in slaughtering and packing some levers of power, despite their vulnerable immigration status. This power has even instigated a shift towards some formalisation of these jobs on the part of management. In contrast, the different labour process has prevented industrial cleaning workers from accessing the same levels of power, despite sharing a similar labour market position to their co-workers in slaughtering and packing.
KEY WORDS: Migration; refugees; labor unrest; trade unions; subcontracting; meat industry
Muscarinic Modulation of SK2-Type K+Channels Promotes Intrinsic Plasticity in L2/3 Pyramidal Neurons of the Mouse Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Gill Daniel F. , Hansel Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) inhibit small-conductance calcium-activated K+channels (SK channels) and enhance synaptic weight via this mechanism. SK channels are also involved in activity-dependent plasticity of membrane excitability (“intrinsic plasticity”). Here, we investigate whether mAChR activation can drive SK channel-dependent intrinsic plasticity in L2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from these neurons in slices prepared from mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we find that brief bath application of the mAChR agonist oxotremorine-m (oxo-m) causes long-term enhancement of excitability in wild-type mice that is not observed in mice deficient of SK channels of the SK2 isoform. Similarly, repeated injection of depolarizing current pulses into the soma triggers intrinsic plasticity that is absent from SK2 null mice. Intrinsic plasticity lowers spike frequency adaptation and attenuation of spike firing upon prolonged activation, consistent with SK channel modulation. Depolarization-induced plasticity is prevented by bath application of the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, and the casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor TBB, respectively. These findings point toward a recruitment of two known signaling pathways in SK2 regulation: SK channel trafficking (PKA) and reduction of the calcium sensitivity (CK2). Using mice with an inactivation of CaMKII (T305D mice), we show that intrinsic plasticity does not require CaMKII. Finally, we demonstrate that repeated injection of depolarizing pulses in the presence of oxo-m causes intrinsic plasticity that surpasses the plasticity amplitude reached by either manipulation alone. Our findings show that muscarinic activation enhances membrane excitability in L2/3 pyramidal neurons via a downregulation of SK2 channels.
The Unfading Eros of Love in the Latest Poetry by Kornelijus Platelis
Authors: Jakaitė Dalia 
Published: January 2020

The object of this article is the eros of love in the latest poetry by K. Platelis: books Palimpsestai (2004) and Įtrūkusios mėnesienos (2018). Theoretical-methodological scope – phenomenology; the main references – M. Merleau-Ponty and E. Levinas. The phenomenology, reflecting eros subjectivity, corporeality, time and space, allows for more actualization and understanding of the phenomenon of the eros of love. It suggests new categories through which individual and subjective poetic meanings come through. Love and its eros is one of the dominants in works of poets of K. Platelis’ generation. This phenomenon, related not only to the experiences of love, but also to the experiences of death, encompassing not only individuals, but also things, in works of this author gets into the complex cultural, historical, mythological context, grows out of this context and gives it a distinct poetic form. The hunger of eros (eros as a hunger), set up at the beginning of the article, and its analysis allow a better understanding of the otherness of mythopoetic transformations typical to K. Platelis’ poetry, as well as the dynamics of the eros of love and death, the interaction of eros of different times, reality and its simulation, the connection between passion and the world of things. Time, as one of the most important phenomena in the eros world, makes it possible to feel the particular dynamics of eros, a certain rhythm based on contradictions and ambiguities, and refers to the dynamics of the roles of different subjects in the eros situation. One of the main phenomena in the latest poetry is the middle aged eros, characterized by the autoironic rehabilitation of eros. Poems of Platelis have a distinctly erotic space. From the wide spectrum of the spatial eros imagination, it is worth highlighting its cultural aspect. It is necessary for identifying intersubjective relations, emotional and material experiences of eros. The eros, arising from the subjective observation of space and its objects, is characterized by the tension of a real and simulated world, metaphysical and concrete physical reality.
Improving Discharge Outcomes by Using a Standardized Risk Assessment and Intervention Tool Facilitated by Advanced Pediatric Providers
Authors: Patra Kamakshya P. , Mains Nicholas , Dalton Crystal , Welsh Jessica , Iheonunekwu Chizite , Dai Zheng , Murray Pamela J. , Fisher Erin S. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Pediatric discharge from the inpatient setting is a complex, error-prone process. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of using a standardized process for hospital discharge of pediatric patients.

METHODS:
A 1-year pre- and postintervention pilot study was designed to improve discharge transition of care. The bundle intervention, facilitated by advanced practice providers, included risk identification and intervention. Process and outcome metrics included patient satisfaction measures on the discharge domain (overall discharge, speed of discharge process, whether they felt ready for discharge), use of handouts, scheduling of follow-up appointments, and postdischarge phone call.

RESULTS:
Significant improvements were found in all aspects of patient satisfaction, including speed of the discharge process and instructions for discharge, discharge readiness, and the overall discharge process. Length of stay decreased significantly after intervention. The checklist identified ∼4% of discharges without a correct primary care physician. Significant differences were found for scheduled primary care appointment before discharge and patients receiving handouts. The bundle identified risks that may complicate transition of care in approximately half of the patients. Phone communication occurred with almost half of the patients after discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:
Integration of an evidence-based discharge checklist can improve processes, increase delivery of patient education, and improve patient and family perceptions of the discharge process. Involvement of key stakeholders, use of evidence-based interventions with local adaptation, and use of a consistent provider responsible for implementation can improve transitions of care.
Talqin Dzikir Sebagai Metode Dakwah Jama’ah Dan Fardiyyah
Authors: Luthfi Danial 
Published: January 2020

Perkembangan metode dakwah idelanya mampu mengimbangi perkembangan zaman. Hari ini ketika dakwah berhadapan dengan kondisi masyarakat modern, dakwah dituntut menggunakan metode yang relevan dengan karakteristik masyarakat modern. Masyarakat modern yang mengalami kehampaan dan kekeringan spiritualitas, ditambah dengan gaya hidup yang serbacepat, berhadapan dengan luangnya waktu mereka yang serba terbatas. Hal ini menuntut da’i mampu memilih metode yang bisa menjawab kondisi tersebut. Talqin dzikir adalah salah satu metode dakwah yang bisa mengakomodir kebutuhan ini. Selain karena waktunya yang singkat, juga bisa langsung menembus kesadaran batin yang ditaqin.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap konsep dan proses talqin dzikir. Setelah itu, ingin mengetahui bagaimana keampuhan talqin dzikir dalam konteks keberhasilan dakwah. menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengambil metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa talqin dzikir secara konseptual dan prosesnya merupakan metoda dakwah yang bisa menjawab problematika masyarakat modern. Selain itu, baik secara berjamaah maupun individual, talqin dzikir mampu mengantarkan peserta talqin pada tersentuhnya aspek margin al-‘âthifiy (emosional-spiritual); kedua, margin al-‘aqliy (rasional); dan terakhir margin alhissiy (inderawi).
The Defensive Practices of Nurses
Authors: Turan Nuray , Kaya Nurten 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Through the developments in science and technology, in health-care services, roles and responsibilities of nurses are changing, and nurses are frequently faced with risky circumstances in terms of malpractice. In this case, it is thought that nurses may be inclined to exhibit defensive practices.
Methods: This study was carried out in a descriptive type to determine the defensive practice status of nurses. The population of the study consists of the nurses working at a university and private hospital, and the sample comprises 345 nurses working at inpatient departments in hospitals. This study was approved by the ethical board of Istanbul Medipol University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.00.
Results: About 91.9% of the nurses who were included within the scope of the research are female, and the mean age is 35.67 ± 8.89. It was found that 60.9% of the nurses, who were included within the scope of the research, sometimes had concerns about making a mistake in nursing care, 60.9% of them never administered any drug he/she thought to be unnecessary, 55.7% of them never kept away from the patients who are more likely to file a lawsuit to protect themselves, 48.7% of them sometimes explained nursing practices in more detail to protect themselves from the allegations of malpractice, 44.1% of them never avoided practices with high complications to guard themselves against malpractice lawsuits, 65.5% of them always kept the records in a more detailed way to protect themselves from allegations of malpractice, and 52.2% of them considered there was a high risk of encountering with a malpractice case at any time according to the conditions of the environment.
Conclusion: The data obtained have indicated that nurses sometimes perform defensive practices. Thus, it is necessary to develop and implement strategies to prevent nurses from performing defensive practices
Code Clone Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: DİŞLİ Harun , TOSUN Ayşe 
Published: January 2020

Similar
or identical code portions which are generated by copying and reusing code
portions within the source code are named as code clones. While so many works
have been conducted to detect these clones, they generally use string
comparison techniques and very few of them take advantage of popular learning
based approaches, such as deep learning. This paper proposes a new approach
based on a popular and successful image classification technique named as
convolutional neural network. It simply tokenizes each candidate clone pair in
order to generate image files. Then, convolutional neural network is used to
classify these image data with labels “clone” and “not clone”. In order to train and test the network, clone
and not clone pairs are chosen from a public database including six million
methods. As a result, the approach gives 99% accuracy, effectively detects
clones and not clones with 2-5% false alarms rates at method granularity.