bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entry and price competition in the over‐the‐counter drug market after deregulation: Evidence from Portugal
Authors: Moura Ana , Barros Pedro Pita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, many European countries allowed the sale of over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs outside pharmacies. This was expected to lower retail prices through increased competition. Evidence of such price reductions is scarce. We assess the impact of supermarket and outlet entry in the OTC drug market on OTC prices charged by incumbent pharmacies using a difference‐in‐differences strategy. We use price data on five popular OTC drugs for all retailers located in Lisbon for three distinct points in time (2006, 2010, and 2015). Our results suggest that competitive pressure in the market is mainly exerted by supermarkets, which charge, on average, 20% lower prices than pharmacies. The entry of a supermarket among the main competitors of an incumbent pharmacy is associated with an average 4% to 6% decrease in prices relative to the control group. These price reductions are long‐lasting but fairly localized. We find no evidence of price reductions following OTC outlet entry. Additional results from a reduced‐form entry model and a propensity score matching difference‐in‐differences approach support the view that these effects are causal.
An Open‐Label Study to Assess the Effect of Itraconazole and Rifampin on Parsaclisib Pharmacokinetics When Administered Orally in Healthy Participants
Authors: Li Jia , Rockich Kevin , Yuska Brad , Zhou Gongfu , Epstein Noam , Punwani Naresh , Chen Xuejun , Yeleswaram Swamy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParsaclisib, a selective, potent phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase delta inhibitor being developed for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole (potent CYP3A inhibitor) or rifampin (potent CYP3A4 inducer) in healthy participants. In this open‐label, fixed‐sequence study, cohort 1 received oral parsaclisib 10 mg once daily on days 1 and 8 and oral itraconazole 200 mg once daily on days 4‐11; cohort 2 received oral parsaclisib 20 mg once daily on days 1 and 11 and oral rifampin 600 mg once daily on days 4‐12. Parsaclisib plasma concentration was tested and PK parameters calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 2‐sided 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by 2‐factor analysis of variance. Thirty‐six healthy participants were enrolled (18 per cohort). Parsaclisib maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) were increased by 21% and 107% with concomitant itraconazole versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 1.21; 90%CI, 1.14‐1.29; and 2.07; 90%CI, 1.97‐2.17, respectively). Parsaclisib Cmax and AUC were reduced by 43% and 77%, respectively, with concomitant rifampin versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 0.57; 90%CI, 0.53‐0.60; and 0.23; 90%CI, 0.21‐0.24, respectively). Headache was the most common adverse event, reported by 13.9% of participants (all in cohort 2). Single‐dose parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole or rifampin appeared safe and well tolerated in healthy participants. Parsaclisib dose adjustment may be necessary with concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.
HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors
Authors: Sebastião Cruz S. , Neto Zoraima , Jandondo Domingos , Mirandela Marinela , Morais Joana , Brito Miguel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfectious diseases during pregnancy remain a public health concern, especially in a resource‐limited setting. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and determinants of HIV and co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 1612 pregnant women screened for HIV during antenatal care. HIV‐reactive were also screened for the HBV, HCV, and syphilis using immunoassay kits. A logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with a level of significance set at 5%. The overall seroprevalence of HIV was 2.6%. About 13% of HIV‐positive pregnant women were coinfected. From which, 7.5% were reactive to HBV and 5% to syphilis. There was no reactivity to HCV. Pregnant women younger aged than 25 years were significantly protected from HIV‐infection (AOR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20‐0.91], P = .026). The co‐infection was 1.3 times (AOR, 0.04‐41.0) in younger aged than 25 years, 7.0 times (AOR, 0.50‐99.2) to residents in urbanized areas, and 1.4 times (AOR, 0.10‐20.9) in pregnant women with a high educational level. In conclusion, infectious diseases are a public health burden among pregnant women in Luanda. However, include an integrated antenatal screening mainly in urbanized areas is crucial to reduce the spread of infectious diseases in different communities of Angola.
Quorum‐quenching endophytic bacteria inhibit disease caused byPseudomonas syringaepv. syringae inCitruscultivars
Authors: Akbari Kiarood Seyyedeh Leila , Rahnama Kamran , Golmohammadi Morteza , Nasrollanejad Saeid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo strains of 64 endophytic bacteria,Bacillus cereusSi‐Ps1 andPseudomonas azotoformansLa‐Pot3‐3, isolated fromCitrus sinensisandC. sinensisvar. Thomson's leaves, respectively, reducedN‐acyl homoserine‐based quorum sensing in bioindicator strainPseudomonas syringaepv. syringae (Pss) B728a and the biofilm production and swarming motility of field isolatePss3289. A homolog ofaiiAgene encoding an AHL‐lactonase was found inB. cereus(Si‐Ps1), suggesting that this isolate can degrade the quorum‐sensing signal molecules ofPss3289. The crude extract of endophytic bacterium,B. cereus(Si‐Ps1), inhibitedPss3289 biofilm formation after 48 and 96 h by 55% and 58%, respectively. Similar reductions in biofilm formation were conferred by crude extracts ofP. azotoformans(La‐Pot3‐3). Correspondingly, the number of planktonic cells in cultures treated with these extracts was higher than in control cultures, indicating a direct effect on biofilm formation and not on cell growth. In greenhouse assays, the virulence ofPss3289 to different citrus cultivars was decreased when coinoculated with these endophytic bacteria.
Molecular circuit of heterocyst differentiation in cyanobacteria
Authors: Harish  , Seth Kunal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferentiation commitment is one of the most complex mechanisms to study in biological science. One of the model systems used for understanding differentiation complexity is heterocyst development in cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria have the capability of biological nitrogen fixation due to highly differentiated heterocyst cells. Once the nitrogen deficiency signal is perceived by the cyanobacteria, few of its vegetative cells commit toward the development of heterocyst. Heterocyst provides a microoxic environment that is essential for the nitrogenase complex to fix the atmospheric dinitrogen. The entire process of development of heterocyst can be divided into different steps, such as (a) sensing signal and differentiation induction, (b) positional (pattern) determination of heterocyst in the filament, (c) formation of extracellular thick heterocyst‐specific layers, and (d) assembly of nitrogen‐fixing machinery. Many of the key regulators that are essential for heterocyst formation in these different steps have been identified. Recently, the role of small RNA and interruption DNA elements that influence the heterocyst formation and function has also been identified. In this review article, we have outlined the current understanding of the entire molecular circuit of heterocyst development in a simplistic way. This article focuses on explaining key concepts related to heterocyst development and discusses recent discoveries in this line.
Locoregional recurrence rate and disease‐specific survival following marginal vs segmental resection for oral squamous cell carcinoma with mandibular bone invasion
Authors: Stoop Celine C. , de Bree Remco , Rosenberg Antoine J.W.P. , van Gemert Jan T.M. , Forouzanfar Tim , Van Cann Ellen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo determine locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) following marginal vs segmental mandibulectomy.MethodsIncluded were 210 patients, who had marginal or segmental mandibulectomy between 2000 and 2017. Marginal resection was performed when complete removal of the tumor was deemed feasible on the condition that at least 1 cm bone height of the inferior border of the mandible could be preserved. Segmental resection was performed in case less than 1 cm bone height of the mandible would remain. Clinical and histopathological data were collected from medical records. LRR and DSS were computed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Cox‐regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for LRR and DSS.ResultsA total of 59 marginal and 151 segmental resections had been performed. There was no significant difference in 3‐ and 5‐year LRR (P = .904) and no significant difference in 3‐ and 5‐year DSS (P = .362) between the marginal and segmental resection group. Cox‐regression analysis showed a trend for surgical margin less than equal to 1 mm, to affect LRR (P = .05) and surgical margin less than equal 1 mm, perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis to affect DSS (P < .05).ConclusionsThere was no difference in outcome between the two types of mandibulectomy.
National postoperative and oncologic outcomes after pelvic exenteration for T4b rectal cancer
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis T. , Lee Byrne , Trisal Vijay , Paz Issac , Melstrom Kurt , Sentovich Stephen , Lai Lily , Raoof Mustafa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStudies reporting outcomes after pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate early postoperative and oncologic outcomes in a national multi‐institutional cohort.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which collects data from over 1500 commission on cancer (CoC)‐accredited hospitals, we analyzed patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for T4b rectal adenocarcinoma.ResultsThere were 1367 pelvic exenterations performed in 552 hospitals. Median age was 60 years, the majority of patients (n = 831; 60.8%) were female. Neoadjuvant radiation was used only in 57%; 24.3% of resections had positive margins. Following exenteration, 30‐day mortality rate, 90‐day mortality rate, and readmission rates were: 1.8%, 4.4%, and 7.4%. Age ≥ 60 years and higher Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index were independently associated with increased 90‐day mortality (P < .001). Overall survival (OS) was 50 months. After adjustment of significant covariates, negative margin status (adjusted HR, 0.6, 95% CI, 0.5‐0.8; P < .001) and receipt of perioperative radiation or chemoradiation (adjusted HR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4‐0.6; P < .001) were significantly associated with decreased risk of death. Only 71% of the patients received perioperative radiation.ConclusionsPelvic exenterations are being performed safely in Coc‐accredited hospitals. However, up to one fourth of patients undergo resections with positive margins or are subject to underutilization of perioperative radiation therapy. Increased use of radiation may increase negative margin resections and improve patient outcomes.
Initial Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Active Inhibition Scale Among Traumatized and Grieving Youth
Authors: Dodd Cody G. , Hill Ryan M. , Alvis Lauren M. , Rooney Evan E. , Layne Christopher M. , Logsdon Tami , Sandler Irwin N. , Kaplow Julie B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Active Inhibition Scale (AIS; Ayers, Sandler, & Twohey, 1998) is an 11‐item, self‐report measure of emotional suppression among children and adolescents. Previous research with the AIS has linked emotional suppression to several clinically significant outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and suicide, among trauma‐exposed and bereaved youth; however, there are no published evaluations of its psychometric properties. We examined the factor structure and criterion validity of the AIS in two samples. Sample 1 included youth (M = 12.22 years, SD = 2.96, range: 6–18 years; 55.4% female) referred to an outpatient psychology clinic specializing in childhood trauma and grief. Sample 2 included youth (M = 13.18 years, SD = 2.58, range: 8–18 years; 61.8% female) referred to a community grief counseling center. Confirmatory factor analytic results supported a one‐factor solution, Cronbach's α = .94. Additionally, AIS scores correlated positively with PTSS, depression, and maladaptive grief, rs = .43–.64. Evidence of factorial invariance was found across gender, race/ethnicity, and age group. Emotional suppression scores were higher among girls compared to boys, Black and Hispanic youth compared to White youth, and older compared to younger age groups. The magnitude of correlations between AIS and symptom measure scores was comparable across groups. These results support the reliability and criterion validity of the AIS with diverse youth populations and underscore the role that emotional suppression may play in explaining group differences in mental health symptoms.
Electronic Pneumatic Injection‐Assisted Dermal Drug Delivery Visualized by Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Bik Liora , van Doorn Martijn B. A. , Biskup Edyta , Ortner Vinzent K. , Haedersdal Merete , Olesen Uffe H. 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesElectronic pneumatic injection (EPI) is a technique for dermal drug delivery, which is increasingly being used in clinical practice. However, only few studies have been reported on cutaneous drug distribution and related clinical endpoints. We aimed to visualize the immediate cutaneous drug distribution, changes in skin architecture, and related clinical endpoint of EPI.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAcridine orange (AO) solution was administered to ex vivo porcine skin by EPI at pressure levels from 4 to 6 bar with a fixed injection volume of 50 µl and nozzle size of 200 µm. Immediate cutaneous distribution was visualized using ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM). Changes in skin architecture were visualized using both EVCM and hematoxylin and eosin‐stained cryosections.ResultsThe defined immediate endpoint was a clinically visible papule formation on the skin. The pressure threshold to consistently induce a papule was 4 bar, achieving delivery of AO to the deep dermis (2319 µm axial and 5944 µm lateral distribution). Increasing the pressure level to 6 bar did not lead to significant differences in axial and lateral dispersion (P = 0.842, P = 0.905; respectively). A distinctively hemispherical distribution pattern was identified. Disruption of skin architecture occurred independently of pressure level, and consisted of subepidermal clefts, dermal vacuoles, and fragmented collagen.ConclusionsThis is the first study to relate a reproducible clinical endpoint to EPI‐assisted immediate drug delivery using EVCM. An EPI‐induced skin papule indicates dermal drug delivery throughout all layers of the dermis, independent of pressure level settings. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Speciation of copper in high chloride concentrations, in the context of corrosion of copper canisters
Authors: Lilja Christina , King Fraser , Puigdomenech Ignasi , Pastina Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCanisters with a cast iron insert for mechanical strength and a 50‐mm thick copper shell as corrosion protection are planned to be used for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden and Finland. Chloride can be considered “beneficial”, as it promotes active dissolution of copper rather than passivation (which might result in pitting), but a high concentration of chloride in solution would increase the driving force for corrosion through the formation of soluble copper chloro complexes. Thermodynamic calculations are performed in this study with the PHREEQC software and three of its accompanying databases, and a comparison with experimental data is performed to select the database to be used when evaluating repository performance. The activity coefficient models are given special attention. For the assessment of chloride‐assisted corrosion of a KBS‐3 canister, chloride concentrations pessimistically up to 5 mol/kg are used (in Finland and Sweden, the groundwater and bentonite porewater chloride concentrations are not expected to exceed 1 mol/kg). The resulting copper solubilities are then considered in different mass transport cases.
High‐speed wire electrical discharge machining to create superhydrophobic surfaces for magnesium alloys with high corrosion and wear resistance
Authors: Qiu Rongxian , Li Chao , Tong Wei , Xiong Dangsheng , Li Zhongxin , Wu Zhilin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, a superhydrophobic surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by high‐speed wire electrical discharge machining and modification with stearic acid is reported. The surface morphology and wettability of the superhydrophobic surface were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and optical contact angle measurement, respectively. A uniform micro‐/nanopetal‐like structure was shown within the superhydrophobic surface, resulting in a contact angle of 151 ± 0.5° and a sliding angle of 4 ± 0.5°. Notably, the superhydrophobic surface had better corrosion resistance than the bare magnesium alloy, and its corrosion current density was reduced by nearly one order of magnitude. Under both dry and wet friction conditions, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface was lower than that of the bare magnesium alloy surface, with a much lower wear loss. In addition, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic sample was lower than that of the bare magnesium alloy sample under both the dry and wet friction conditions. Thus, the superhydrophobic sample experienced reduced wear and had a low wear rate.
On the more generalized non‐parametric framework for the propagation of uncertainty in drought monitoring
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Hussain Ijaz , Faisal Muhammad , Grzegorczyk Marco , Qamar Sadia , Shoukry Alaa Mohamd , Sharkawy Mohammed A. W. , Gani Showkat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrought has a complex climatic and spatio‐temporal feature. Therefore, its accurate monitoring is a great challenge for hydrological research. Recently, the use of standardized drought indices (SDIs) for drought monitoring is common in practice. However, because of the subjective choices of probability distribution, the uncertainty related to extreme events always exists in SDIs‐based drought‐monitoring tools. The present research extends the generalized non‐parametric framework for drought monitoring. The application of the proposed framework is based on seven meteorological stations in Pakistan. The preliminary analysis considered the standardized precipitation temperature index (SPTI) at different time scales. The significance of the proposed framework is to address extreme values with more accuracy under a non‐parametric framework. It is concluded that the suitable choice of probability‐plotting‐position formulas allows greater accuracy when capturing the probability of extreme drought events.
Software for reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled NMR data
Authors: Pedersen Christian Parsbæk , Prestel Andreas , Teilum Kaare 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonuniform sampling (NUS) of multidimensional NMR experiments is a powerful tool to obtain high‐resolution spectra with less instrument time. With NUS, only a subset of the points needed for conventional Fourier transformation is recorded, and sophisticated algorithms are needed to reconstruct the missing data points. During the last decade, several software packages implementing the reconstruction algorithms have emerged and been refined and now result in spectra of almost similar quality as spectra from conventionally recorded and processed data. However, from the number of literature references to the reconstruction methods, many more multidimensional NMR spectra could presumably be recorded with NUS. To help researchers considering to start using NUS for their NMR experiments, we here review 13 different reconstruction methods found in five software packages (CambridgeCS, hmsIST, MddNMR, NESTA‐NMR, and SMILE). We have compared how the methods run with the provided example scripts for reconstructing a nonuniform sampled three‐dimensional 15N–NOESY–HSQC at sampling densities from 5% to 50%. Overall, the spectra are all of similar quality above 20% sampling density. Thus, without any particular knowledge about the details of the reconstruction algorithms, significant reduction in the experiment time can be achieved. Below 20% sampling density, the intensities of particular weak peaks start being affected. MddNMR's IST with virtual echo and the SMILE algorithms still reproduced the spectra with the highest accuracy of peak intensities.
Factors associated with sleep quality during chemotherapy: An integrative review
Authors: Souza Regina Claudia da Silva , dos Santos Maiara Rodrigues , das Chagas Valota Izabel Alves , Sousa Cristina Silva , Costa Calache Ana Lucia Siqueira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the most important factors associated with sleep pattern changes in patients with cancer during chemotherapy treatment.DesignAn integrative review of the literature was performed between December 2017–August 2018.MethodsTwo independent reviewers searching the National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scopus and Scielo. The process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA tool. A total of 16 articles were selected for the final study sample, including 11 cohort studies and 5 cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe predisposing factors for the most prevalent sleep disturbances were precipitants related to the disease and the treatment, such as fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety and distress. Predisposing factors related to lifestyle and demographic characteristics have a significant correlation with sleep disturbances.