bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the antioxidant potential of thiamine: Thermochemical and kinetics studies in aqueous phase using DFT
Authors: Nga Nguyen Thi Thuy , Quang Dao Duy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe scavenging mechanism of thiamine (or vitamin B1) towards HO• and HOO• radicals has been revisited using density functional theory (DFT) at the M05‐2X/6‐311++G (d,p) level of theory. Enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of four common antioxidant reactions, i.e. formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), proton transfer (PT), single electron transfer (SET) and radical adduct formation (RAF), have been systematically calculated in the aqueous phase. Potential energy profiles accompanied with the optimized structures of all transition states (TS) and intermediate ones were also established. As a result, thiamine represents as a potent antioxidant notably via RAF mechanism with the lowest ΔH0 values at C12 position equal to ‐37.5 and ‐9.2 kcal/mol towards HO• and HOO• radicals, respectively. The reactions are also favorable with ΔG0 values of ‐28.8 and 2.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The order of the decrease in preponderance of the studied mechanism is as follows: RAF > FHT > SET > PT. The scavenging reactivity towards HO• radical is considerably higher than the one toward HOO• radical as expected. In comparing with trolox and ascorbic acid, their antioxidant potential could be classified in the decreasing order: ascorbic acid > thiamine > trolox.
Influence of oxygen concentration, feed gas flow rate and air humidity on the output of ozone produced by corona discharge
Authors: Cuong Le Cao , Nghi Nguyen Hoang , Dieu Tran Vinh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Vuong Dang Duc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOzone (trioxygen) shows a lack of stability and quickly breaks down to dioxygen, meaning that ozone in any way can not be stored. It is therefore necessary to produce ozone on site where it is used. This leads to the idea of having an ozone generator with high efficiency. Ozone generator is an electrical device to convert oxygen as feed gas into ozone. Besides electrical parameters, feed gas plays an important role for ozone output. Feed gas for an ozone generator may be ambient air, dry air or oxygen rich gas. The influence of air humidity, oxygen concentration, flow rates of feed gas and their effects on ozone output of the corona discharge ozone generator have been investigated. For small‐scale ozone production (i.e. one hundred grams per hour or less), using oxygen produced by pressure swing adsorption method (PSA) is considered to be a reasonable solution. The authors intend to connect the studies with the practical reality of using low‐powered ozone generators in tropical area with high humidity condition.
Evaluation of electrocatalysis behavior of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on oxidation of Bisphenol A as the first step for its detection
Authors: Duy Pham Khac , Dang Vu Hai , Tien Nguyen Ngoc , Yen Pham Thi Hai , Ha Vu Thi Thu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA paste electrochemical sensor, based on a Fe3O4 modified carbon paste electrode, has been developed for investigation of Bisphenol A (BPA) oxidation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7. In this study, it figures out that Fe3O4 reveals the best electrocatalysis on oxidation of Bisphenol A at ratio of C powder/Fe3O4/parafine oil = 76/4/20. With this composition, the BPA oxidation current recorded is 1.70 times higher than that with no Fe3O4 in CPE. It is applicable to develop an electrochemical sensor with proper amount of Fe3O4 in the paste in order to enhancement the signals of BPA during its analysis.
Gas sensing properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by spray co‐precipitation method
Authors: Hoa Pham Thi Thanh , Duong Nguyen Phuc , Loan To Thanh , Anh Luong Ngoc , Hong Nguyen Minh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by using spray co‐precipitation method and annealed at 600°C. Crystal structure, microstructure and cation distribution of the sample were determined by applying of Rietveld refinement method based on synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data. Morphology was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the sample is single phase with inverse cubic spinel structure. Particle size was identified to be about 10 nm. The gas‐sensing properties of the copper nanoparticles were studied by using H2S as the analytic gas. It was found that the sensor based on the CuFe2O4 nanoparticles has good response in a large operating temperature range and even at near‐room temperature. The gas sensing mechanism of the studied material was discussed in detailed.
Nitrification of high levels of ammonia in groundwater using fixed‐bed biofiltration technique
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thanh , Khanh Dao Duy , Ngan Huu Thi , Quang Tran Huu , Huong Pham Lan , Hung Duong Tuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroundwater ammonia pollution is well investigated worldwide as well as in Viet Nam. The products of its conversion process, namely nitrite and nitrate, cause the toxicity of ammonia in water. In addition, the existence of ammonia in water causes the modification of water taste and smell, increases the risk of heterotrophic and contagious microorganism presence. Biofilm technique has been being applied to treat the ammonia in the groundwater recently. In this present study, fixed‐bed biofiltration technique was implemented to remove the ammonia at high concentration of 20‐50 mgN/L. The results indicated that the effluent reached the standard of domestic and drinking water quality (the ammonia concentration < 3 mgN/L) at all investigated ammonia concentrations. The specific nitrification rate of the microbial carrier used reached the maximum value of about 3.76 kgN.m‐3.day‐1 with the hydraulic retention time lower than 0.4 h and feed ammonia concentration of about 50 mgN/L. The biomass density in biofiltration column before experimental implementation was about 1000 mg/L.
The immunologic Warburg effect: Evidence and therapeutic opportunities in autoimmunity
Authors: Kornberg Michael D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPro‐inflammatory signals induce metabolic reprogramming in innate and adaptive immune cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage, characterized by a shift to aerobic glycolysis akin to the Warburg effect first described in cancer. Blocking the switch to aerobic glycolysis impairs the survival, differentiation, and effector functions of pro‐inflammatory cell types while favoring anti‐inflammatory and regulatory phenotypes. Glycolytic reprogramming may therefore represent a selective vulnerability of inflammatory immune cells, providing an opportunity to modulate immune responses in autoimmune disease without broad toxicity in other tissues of the body. The mechanisms by which aerobic glycolysis and the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation regulate immune responses have only begun to be understood, with many additional insights expected in the years to come. Immunometabolic therapies targeting aerobic glycolysis include both pharmacologic inhibitors of key enzymes and glucose‐restricted diets, such as the ketogenic diet. Animal studies support a role for these pharmacologic and dietary therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and in a few cases proof of concept has been demonstrated in human disease. Nonetheless, much more work is needed to establish the clinical safety and efficacy of these treatments.This article is categorized under:
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Dilaton portal in strongly interacting twin Higgs models
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Dillon Barry M. , Najjari Saereh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider a strongly interacting twin Higgs (SITH) model where an ultraviolet completion of twin Higgs mechanism is realized by a strongly coupled approximately scale invariant theory. Besides the Standard Model (SM) and twin sectors, the low energy effective theory contains a relatively light scalar called a dilaton — the pseudo Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken scale invariance. The dilaton provides a unique portal between the SM and twin sectors whose phenomenology could provide an important probe of the twin Higgs mechanism. As a concrete example, we consider a holographic twin Higgs model where the role of the dilaton is played by the radion. The phenomenology of this model is fully determined by a few parameters and our analysis concludes that at the HL-LHC (14 TeV) and HE-LHC (27 TeV) with 3000 fb−1 most of the natural parameter space can be probed.
A Diagrammatic Analysis of Two-Body Charmed Baryon Decays with Flavor Symmetry
Authors: Zhao H.J. , Wang Yan-Li , Hsiao Y.K. , Yu Yao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the two-body anti-triplet charmed baryon decays based on the diagrammatic approach with SU(3) flavor symmetry. We extract the two W -exchange effects as EB and E' that contribute to the $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {\Xi}^0{K}^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→

Ξ
0

K
+

decay, together with the relative phases, where EB gives the main contribution. Besides, we find that $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{\pi}^0\right)=\left({0.8}_{-0.8}^{+0.9}\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$
B

Λ
c
+

→
p

π
0

=

0.8

−
0.8

+
0.9

×

10

−
4

,which is within the experimental upper bound. Particularly, we obtain $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^{+}\to {\Xi}^0{\pi}^{+}\right)=\left(9.3\pm 3.6\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$
B

Ξ
c
+

→

Ξ
0

π
+

=

9.3
±
3.6

×

10

−
3

, $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^0\to {\Xi}^{-}{\pi}^{+},{\Lambda}^0{\overline{K}}^0\right)=\left(19.3\pm 2.8,8.3\pm 5.0\right)\times {10}^{-2} $$
B

Ξ
c
0

→

Ξ
−

π
+

Λ
0

K
¯

0

=

19.3
±
2.8

8.3
±
5.0

×

10

−
2

and $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^0\to {\Xi}^{-}{K}^{+}\right)=\left(5.6\pm 0.8\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$
B

Ξ
c
0

→

Ξ
−

K
+

=

5.6
±
0.8

×

10

−
4

, which all agree with the data. For the singly Cabibbo suppressed $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

decays, we predict that $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to n{\pi}^{+}, p\eta \hbox{'},{\Sigma}^{+}{K}^0\right)=\left(7.7\pm 2.0,7.1\pm 1.4,19.1\pm 4.8\right)\times 10-4 $$
B

Λ
c
+

→
n

π
+

pη
'

Σ
+

K
0

=

7.7
±
2.0

7.1
±
1.4

19.1
±
4.8

×
10
−
4
, which are accessible to the experiments at BESIII, BELLEII and LHCb.
Stability of neutral minima against charge breaking in the Higgs triplet model
Authors: Ferreira P. M. , Gonçalves B. L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We analyse the possibility of charge breaking minima developing in the Higgs triplet model, and under what conditions they are deeper than charge-preserving ones. Analytical expressions relating the depth of minima of different types are deduced. A global symmetry of the model leads to increased stability for charge-preserving vacua. However, if that symmetry is broken by a soft term, deeper charge-breaking minima may occur more easily. We identify the vev configurations most likely to produce charge breaking minima.
A 1d Up Approach to Conformal Geometric Algebra: Applications in Line Fitting and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Lasenby Anthony N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe discuss an alternative approach to the conformal geometric algebra (CGA) in which just a single extra dimension is necessary, as compared to the two normally used. This is made possible by working in a constant curvature background space, rather than the usual Euclidean space. A possible benefit, which is explored here, is that it is possible to define cost functions for geometric object matching in computer vision that are fully covariant, in particular invariant under both rotations and translations, unlike the cost functions which have been used in CGA so far. An algorithm is given for application of this method to the problem of matching sets of lines, which replaces the standard matrix singular value decomposition, by computations wholly in Geometric Algebra terms, and which may itself be of interest in more general settings. Secondly, we consider a further perhaps surprising application of the 1d up approach, which is to the context of a recent paper by Joy Christian published by the Royal Society, which has made strong claims about Bell’s Theorem in quantum mechanics, and its relation to the sphere $$S^7$$S7 and the exceptional group $$E_8$$E8, and proposed a new associative version of the division algebra normally thought to require the octonians. We show that what is being discussed by Christian is mathematically the same as our 1d up approach to 3d geometry, but that after the removal of some incorrect mathematical assertions, the results he proves in the first part of the paper, and bases the application to Bell’s Theorem on, amount to no more than the statement that the combination of two rotors from the Clifford Algebra Cl(4, 0) is also a rotor.
Angular measures and Birkhoff orthogonality in Minkowski planes
Authors: Naszódi Márton , Prokaj Vilmos , Swanepoel Konrad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet x and y be two unit vectors in a normed plane $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

. We say that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y if the line through x in the direction y supports the unit disc. A B-measure (Fankhänel in Beitr Algebra Geom 52(2):335–342, 2011) is an angular measure $$\mu $$
μ
on the unit circle for which $$\mu (C)=\pi /2$$

μ
(
C
)
=
π
/
2

whenever C is a shorter arc of the unit circle connecting two Birkhoff orthogonal points. We present a characterization of the normed planes that admit a B-measure.
Some Examples of Projective and c-projective Compactifications of Einstein Metrics
Authors: Dunajski Maciej , Gover A. Rod , Waterhouse Alice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe construct several examples of compactifications of Einstein metrics. We show that the Eguchi–Hanson instanton admits a projective compactification which is non-metric, and that a metric cone over any (pseudo)-Riemannian manifolds admits a metric projective compactification. We construct a para-c-projective compactification of neutral signature Einstein metrics canonically defined on certain rank-naffine bundlesMovern-dimensional manifolds endowed with projective structures.
A simple wavelet-based test for serial correlation in panel data models
Authors: Li Yushu , Andersson Fredrik N. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHong and Kao (2004) proposed a class of general applicable wavelet-based tests for serial correlation of unknown form in the residuals from a panel regression model. The tests can be applied to both static and dynamic panel models. Their test, however, is computationally difficult to implement, and simulation studies show that the test has poor small-sample properties. In this paper, we extend Gençay’s (2010) time-series test for serial correlation to panel data case. Our new test is also wavelet based and maintains the advantages of the Hong and Kao (2004) test, but it is much simpler and easier to implement. Furthermore, simulation results show that our test has quicker convergence rate and hence better small-sample properties, compared to Hong and Kao (2004) test. We also compare our test with several other existing tests for series correlation, and our test has in general better statistical properties in terms of both size and power.
Modelling of natural convection in thin-disk lasers
Authors: Dietrich Tom , Röcker Christoph , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a FEM-model that can be used to investigate the effects of thermally induced natural convection at the thin-disk laser crystal. Based on this simulation, we calculated the distribution of the refractive index of the ambient gas for the case of air and helium. By evaluating the optical path difference of a beam at normal incidence, the angular tilt (gas wedge) in the plane of the direction of convection as well as the spherical contribution (gas lens) was calculated for a set of different pump spot geometries and temperatures of the pumped area on the surface of the laser disk. Equations were derived that allow to simply calculate the tilt angle and the focal length of the gas lens for different temperatures of the disk and pump spot diameters for air as ambient medium.
Prospective evaluation of fexapotide triflutate injection treatment of Grade Group 1 prostate cancer: 4-year results
Authors: Shore Neal , Kaplan Steven A. , Tutrone Ronald , Levin Richard , Bailen James , Hay Alan , Kalota Susan , Bidair Mohamed , Freedman Sheldon , Goldberg Kenneth , Snoy Frederick , Epstein Jonathan I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of fexapotide triflutate (FT) 2.5 mg and 15 mg for the treatment of Grade Group 1 prostate cancer.

Methods
Prospective randomized transrectal intraprostatic single injection FT 2.5 mg (n = 49), FT 15 mg (n = 48) and control active surveillance (AS) (n = 49) groups were compared in 146 patients at 28 U.S. sites, with elective AS crossover (n = 18) to FT after first follow-up biopsy at 45 days. Patients were followed for 5 years including biopsies (baseline, 45 days, and 18, 36, and 54 months thereafter), and urological evaluations with PSA every 6 months. Patients with Gleason grade increase or who elected surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention exited the study and were cumulatively included in the data analysis. Percentage of normal biopsies in baseline focus quadrant, tumor grades, and volumes; and outcomes including Gleason grade in entire prostate as well as treated prostate lobe, interventions associated with Gleason grade increase and total incidence of interventions were assessed.

Results
Significantly improved long-term clinical outcomes were found after 4-year follow-up, with percentages of patients progressing to interventions with and without Gleason grade increase significantly reduced by FT single treatment. Results in the FT 15-mg group were superior to the FT 2.5-mg dose group. There were no drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs).

Conclusions
FT showed statistically significant long-term efficacy in the treatment of Grade Group 1 patients regarding clinical and pathological progression. FT 15 mg showed superior results to FT 2.5 mg. There were no drug-related SAEs; FT injection was well tolerated.
Coordinating intergenerational redistribution and the repayment of public debt: an experimental test of Tabellini (1991)
Authors: March Christoph , von Weizsäcker Robert K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIs there a link between public debt and wealth inequality? Could government bondholders use intra-generational redistribution strategically to make the repayment of debt politically viable? We reconsider the model of Tabellini (J Polit Econ 99:335–357, 1991) and expose the role ofcoordinationanddivide-and-conquer. By coordinating their bond investments, the old generation splits up the young generation and secures a majority favoring debt repayment. Coordination therefore mediates the impact of wealth inequality on public debt. We test the model in a laboratory experiment and find that subjects often coordinate to exploit the link between inter- and intragenerational redistribution. Hence, coordination plays an important role in the strategic creation and exploitation of minorities, and thus in the accumulation of public debt.
Binocular responsiveness of projection neurons of the praying mantis optic lobe in the frontal visual field
Authors: Rosner Ronny , Tarawneh Ghaith , Lukyanova Veronika , Read Jenny C. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPraying mantids are the only insects proven to have stereoscopic vision (stereopsis): the ability to perceive depth from the slightly shifted images seen by the two eyes. Recently, the first neurons likely to be involved in mantis stereopsis were described and a speculative neuronal circuit suggested. Here we further investigate classes of neurons in the lobula complex of the praying mantis brain and their tuning to stereoscopically-defined depth. We used sharp electrode recordings with tracer injections to identify visual projection neurons with input in the optic lobe and output in the central brain. In order to measure binocular response fields of the cells the animals watched a vertical bar stimulus in a 3D insect cinema during recordings. We describe the binocular tuning of 19 neurons projecting from the lobula complex and the medulla to central brain areas. The majority of neurons (12/19) were binocular and had receptive fields for both eyes that overlapped in the frontal region. Thus, these neurons could be involved in mantis stereopsis. We also find that neurons preferring different contrast polarity (bright vs dark) tend to be segregated in the mantis lobula complex, reminiscent of the segregation for small targets and widefield motion in mantids and other insects.
Barents-Kara sea ice and European winters in EC-Earth
Authors: Ringgaard Ida Margrethe , Yang Shuting , Kaas Eigil , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe potential link between decreasing Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winters in Europe is investigated using the enhanced resolution (horizontal atmospheric resolution of $$\sim 80\,\hbox {km}$$∼80km) global, coupled climate model EC-Earth. Nudging sea ice only in the Barents-Kara Seas, five configurations of sea ice covers are used to assess the importance of the amount of sea ice in this region. Nudging in the coupled model is achieved by modifying the non-solar surface heat flux into the ice/ocean interface. The mean winter temperature response suggests a weak but statistically significant non-linear response with cooling over eastern Europe for moderate sea ice reductions in the Barents-Kara Seas, a weaker but still cold anomaly for minor reductions and warming for major reductions. However, this non-linear response is not reflected in the circulation. Instead, a negative mean sea level pressure anomaly over Barents-Kara Seas intensifies with sea ice reduction. In contrast to this, is the response in the coldest winters over central Europe: the larger the sea ice reduction, the stronger the Scandinavian pattern and the associated easterlies need to be to obtain cold winters over central Europe. The use of a coupled climate model is a potential explanation for the link between the intensified Scandinavian pattern and the cooling over Europe seen in this study, that is not observed in some atmosphere-only model studies.
The photo-transferred thermoluminescence phenomenon in case of emergency dose assessment
Authors: Wrzesień Małgorzata , Al-Hameed Hiba , Albiniak Łukasz , Maciocha-Stąporek Joanna , Biegała Michał 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA major disadvantage of dose reconstruction by means of thermoluminescence (TL) is the fact that during readout of any TL material exposed to ionizing radiation (i.e., during measuring the glow curve), the radiation-induced signal gets lost. Application of the photo-transferred thermoluminescence phenomenon (PTTL) may offer a solution to this problem. In PTTL, the residual signal that is not destroyed by conventional TL readout (because it comes from deeper electron traps) can be readout through simultaneous stimulation by UV light and heating, allowing to obtain information about the absorbed dose in a second run. The present paper describes the application of PTTL for emergency dose assessment. For this, MTS-N thermoluminescent detectors (LiF: Mg, Ti) were exposed using a high-energy Clinac 2300 medical linear accelerator to doses of 100 mGy, 300 mGy, 500 mGy, 700 mGy and 1000 mGy. Irradiation with UV radiation allowed the determination of the optimal heating time of 3 h, while the optimal temperature was identified to be 70 °C. The results obtained demonstrated the usefulness of the PTTL method for emergency dose assessment. The efficiency of the PTTL method was determined as 19%. Finally it was found that the detector background after UV exposure should not be underestimated during routine dose measurements.