bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shrinking Cesáro means method for the split equilibrium and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Harisa Samy A. , Khan M. A. A. , Mumtaz F. , Faried Nashat , Morsy Ahmed , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Ghaffar Abdul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a modified version of the classical Cesáro means method endowed with the hybrid shrinking projection method to solve the split equilibrium and fixed point problems (SEFPP) in Hilbert spaces. One of the main reasons to equip the classical Cesáro means method with the shrinking projection method is to establish strong convergence results which are often required in infinite-dimensional functional spaces. As a consequence, the convergence analysis is carried out under mild conditions on the underlying shrinking Cesáro means method. We emphasize that the results accounted in this manuscript can be considered as an improvement and generalization of various existing exciting results in this field of study.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of a delayed tobacco smoking model containing snuffing class
Authors: Zhang Zizhen , Zou Junchen , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar , Pratap A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a delayed tobacco smoking model containing users in the form of snuffing. Its dynamics is studied in terms of local stability and Hopf bifurcation by regarding the time delay as a bifurcation parameter and analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation. Specially, specific formulas determining the stability and direction of the Hopf bifurcation are derived with the aid of the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. Using LMI techniques, global exponential stability results for smoking present equilibrium have been presented. Computer simulations are implemented to explain the obtained analytical results.
How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19
Authors: Zou Huachun , Shu Yuelong , Feng Tiejian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractShenzhen is a city of 22 million people in south China that serves as a financial and trade center for East Asia. The city has extensive ties to Hubei Province, the first reported epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the world. Initial predictions suggested Shenzhen would experience a high number of COVID-19 cases. These predictions have not materialized. As of 31 March 2020 Shenzhen had only 451 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Contact tracing has shown that no cases were the result of community transmission within the city. While Shenzhen did not implement a citywide lockdown like Wuhan, it did put into place a rapid response system first developed after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for surveillance and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown causes (PUC). The network rapidly detected mass discussion about PUC and immediately deployed emergency preparedness, quarantine for close contacts of PUC. Five early actions (early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment) and four centralized responses (centralized coordination by experts, centralized allocation of resources, centralized placement of patients, and centralized provision of treatment) ensured effective prevention and control. Tripartite working teams comprising community cadres, medical personnel and police were formulated to conduct contact tracing at each neighborhood and residential community. Incorporation of mobile technology, big data, and artificial intelligence into COVID-19 response increased accessibility to health services, reduced misinformation and minimized the impact of fake news. Shenzhen’s unique experience in successfully controlling the COVID-19 outbreak may be a useful model for countries and regions currently experiencing rapid spread of the virus.
Every layer of quadriceps tendon’s central and medial portion offers similar tensile properties than Hamstrings or Ilio-Tibial Band Grafts
Authors: Chivot Matthieu , Pioger Charles , Cognault Jérémy , Sharma Akash , Pailhé Regis , Cavaignac Etienne , Ollivier Matthieu , Jacquet Christophe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our cadaveric study was to compare the mechanical properties of different parts of the quadriceps’ tendon in a load to failure analysis as compared to three other, and most common types of grafts that are used to perform ligament’s reconstruction.

Methods
Ten fresh-frozen cadavers (5 women, 5 men) were selected from our anatomical department. Mean age at death was 64 years (48–87 years). Tendons were harvested to prepare (1) different quadriceps tendon’s specimens: lateral portion (QTlat), medial portion superficial layer (QTMsup) and deep layer (QTMdeep) and central portion superficial (QTCsup) and deep layers (QTCdeep) (2) Patellar Tendon (PT), (3) Gracilis+Semi-Tendinosus specimens (GST). Specimens were stored at − 40 °C in a freezing solution. Specimens were securely attached to a dedicated loading platform, measurements were done using a validated software. Load to failure testing was then carried out. Young’s Elastic moduli, ultimate Stress (MPa) and Deformation (%) were analysed.

Results
The elastic moduli of the PT was significantly higher than all other grafts, all medial and central QT layers (superficial and deep) were significantly higher than its lateral part (QTlat). In terms of Ultimate Stress, all grafts were significantly greater than QTlat, PT and GST were significantly superior to QT central portions and to ITB but there did not differ with the medial portion of QT. ITB ultimate stress values were significantly higher than QTlat. The ultimate deformations of all grafts were similar.

Conclusions
This study provides reference values in in order to characterize different parts of the QT that presents anatomically and Mechanically with complex characteristics. Every Layer of Quadriceps Tendon’s Central and Medial Portion Offered Similar Mechanical Properties than Two Strand Hamstrings or Ilio-Tibial Band.
miR-183-3p suppresses proliferation and migration of keratinocyte in psoriasis by inhibiting GAB1
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Yujuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) target genes involved in the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes or immune dysfunction of psoriasis. This study prospectively determined the involvement of miR-183-3p in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Methods
Differentially expressed miR-183-3p between psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). CCK8 and wound healing assays were performed to assess cell viability and migration of human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The target of miR-183-3p was validated by luciferase activity assay.

Results
Lower miR-183-3p expression was observed in psoriatic lesional skin compared to psoriatic non-lesional skin. MiR-183-3p over-expression inhibited the viability and migration of HaCaT cells, while inhibition of miR-183-3p promoted the viability and migration of HaCaT cells. Moreover, miR-183-3p could bind to the 3′ UTR of GAB1 (growth factor receptor binding 2-associated binding protein 1) and decrease the mRNA and protein expression of GAB1 in HaCaT cells. In addition, higher GAB1 expression was observed in psoriatic lesional skin than psoriatic non-lesional skin.

Conclusion
MiR-183-3p exhibited inhibition property in the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells via down-regulation of GAB1, suggesting the potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
Surviving anoxia: the maintenance of energy production and tissue integrity during anoxia and reoxygenation
Authors: Cox Georgina K. , Gillis Todd E. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe development of anoxia within tissues represents a significant challenge to most animals because of the decreased capacity for aerobic ATP production, the associated loss of essential cellular functions and the potential for detrimental tissue oxidation upon reoxygenation. Despite these challenges, there are many animals from multiple phyla that routinely experience anoxia and can fully recover. In this Review, we integrate knowledge gained from studies of anoxia-tolerant species across many animal taxa. We primarily focus on strategies used to reduce energy requirements, minimize the consequences of anaerobic ATP production and reduce the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species, which are responsible for tissue damage with reoxygenation. We aim to identify common strategies, as well as novel solutions, to the challenges of anoxia exposure. This Review chronologically examines the challenges faced by animals as they enter anoxia, as they attempt to maintain physiological function during prolonged anoxic exposure and, finally, as they emerge from anoxia. The capacity of animals to survive anoxia is also considered in relation to the increasing prevalence of anoxic zones within marine and freshwater environments, and the need to understand what limits survival.
Dosimetric study of whole-brain irradiation with high-energy photon beams for dose reduction to the scalp
Authors: Sawada Masafumi , Kunieda Etsuo , Akiba Takeshi , Kabuki Shigeto , Nagao Ryuta , Fukuzawa Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Shigematsu Naoyuki 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the efficiency of high-energy photons for mitigating alopecia due to whole-brain irradiation (WBRT).

Methods:
Planning CT data from 10 patients who received WBRT were collected. We prepared 4 WBRT plans that used 6 or 15 MV photon beams, with or without use of a field-in-field (FiF) technique, and compared outcomes using a treatment planning system. The primary outcome was dose parameters to the scalp, including the mean dose, maximum dose, and dose received to 50% scalp
(D50%). Secondary outcomes were minimum dose to the brain surface.

Results:
Using FiF, the mean doses were 24.4–26.0 and 22.4–24.1 Gy, and the maximum doses were 30.5–32.1 and 28.5–30.8 Gy for 6 and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. Without FiF, the mean doses were 24.6–26.9 and 22.6–24.5 Gy, and the maximum doses were 30.8–34.6 and 28.6–32.4 Gy for 6 and 15 MV photon beams. The 15 MV plan resulted in a lower scalp dose for each dose parameter (p &lt; 0.001). Using FiF, the minimum doses to the brain surface for the 6 and 15 MV plans were 28.9 ± 0.440 and 29.0 ± 0.557 Gy, respectively (p = 0.70). Without FiF, the minimum doses to the brain surface for the 6 and 15 MV plans were 28.9 ± 0.456 and 29.0 ± 0.529, respectively (p = 0.66).

Conclusion:
Compared with the 6 MV plan, the 15 MV plan achieved a lower scalp dose without impairing the brain surface dose.

Advances in knowledge:
High-energy photon WBRT may mitigate alopecia of patients who receiving WBRT.
Estimating the overdispersion in COVID-19 transmission using outbreak sizes outside China
Authors: Endo Akira ,   Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group, Abbott Sam , Kucharski Adam J. , Funk Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

Background: A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has now spread to a number of countries worldwide. While sustained transmission chains of human-to-human transmission suggest high basic reproduction number R0, variation in the number of secondary transmissions (often characterised by so-called superspreading events) may be large as some countries have observed fewer local transmissions than others. Methods: We quantified individual-level variation in COVID-19 transmission by applying a mathematical model to observed outbreak sizes in affected countries. We extracted the number of imported and local cases in the affected countries from the World Health Organization situation report and applied a branching process model where the number of secondary transmissions was assumed to follow a negative-binomial distribution. Results: Our model suggested a high degree of individual-level variation in the transmission of COVID-19. Within the current consensus range of R0 (2-3), the overdispersion parameter k of a negative-binomial distribution was estimated to be around 0.1 (median estimate 0.1; 95% CrI: 0.05-0.2 for R0 = 2.5), suggesting that 80% of secondary transmissions may have been caused by a small fraction of infectious individuals (~10%). A joint estimation yielded likely ranges for R0 and k (95% CrIs: R0 1.4-12; k 0.04-0.2); however, the upper bound of R0 was not well informed by the model and data, which did not notably differ from that of the prior distribution. Conclusions: Our finding of a highly-overdispersed offspring distribution highlights a potential benefit to focusing intervention efforts on superspreading. As most infected individuals do not contribute to the expansion of an epidemic, the effective reproduction number could be drastically reduced by preventing relatively rare superspreading events.
Coupling coefficients for dielectric cuboids located in free space
Authors: Trubin A. , Kupriianov A. S. , Fesenko V. I. , Tuz V. R. 
Published: July 2020

Practical formulas are derived for calculating the far-field radiation pattern and coupling coefficient of a rectangular dielectric resonator (cuboid) with free space as well as mutual coupling coefficients between two cuboids for their different orientations relative to each other. An approach is developed using the coupled mode theory and the perturbation theory for the Maxwell equations. The correctness of obtained formulas is checked against the full-wave numerical simulations performed by the COMSOL Multiphysics electromagnetic solver. In particular, the obtained formulas can be used for revealing optical features of realistic (i.e., consisting of a finite number of resonators) all-dielectric metasurfaces with arbitrary curved shapes.
Transmission enhancement in periodic chiral metamaterials with dispersion and gain
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhu Qingqing , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Xiang , Chen Hongli , Zhong Chonggui 
Published: July 2020

The transmission properties are presented for periodic metamaterials composed of dispersive and gain chiral media. Our numerical results predict that for transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) incident waves, the co-polarization transmission enhancement can be realized as the transmittance is larger than 0.9. As the parameters of the unit cell are fixed, the multiband of the co-polarization transmission enhancement with broad bandwidth will be obtained for both TE and TM waves as the angle of incidence varies. Meanwhile, the co-polarization transmission enhancement in an ultrawide incident angle range (

0

∼

78
∘

,

0

∼

86.3
∘

) can be achieved for certain frequencies (35.5 GHz, 35.3 GHz). Furthermore, the co-polarization transmission enhancement for TM waves appears in the whole frequency band (

15

∼
120

G
H
z

) as the angle of incidence satisfies the range of (

54.9

∘

∼

65.9
∘

). Finally, the suitable frequency band and broad bandwidth of the transmission enhancement for both TE and TM waves can be modulated by adjusting the period

T

and the thickness of chiral layer

a

. We anticipate that this work offers the opportunity for obtaining broadband and wide-angle transmission enhancement for TE and TM waves, which will shed light on the future design of microwave filters.
22.9  W CW single-frequency laser at 671  nm by frequency doubling of Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Zhang Yi-Xuan , Wang Zhi-Min , Zhou Zi-Han , Zhang Feng-Feng , Liu Xu-Chao , Zong Nan , Yong Bo , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: July 2020

A stable, 22.9 W, 671 nm single-frequency laser using a type II noncritically phase-matched external-cavity frequency doubling is demonstrated. The output power of the fundamental laser is 32.1 W; the corresponding conversion efficiency of frequency doubling from 1342 to 671 nm is calculated to be 71.3%. The

M

2

factors are measured to be 1.10 and 1.08 in the x and y directions, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, 22.9 W is the highest power obtained for a 671 nm single-frequency laser.
All 2D WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction photodiode and its image sensor application
Authors: Ahn Jongtae , Kang Ji-Hoon , Park Min-Chul , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: July 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) layered van der Waals atomic crystals exhibit many fascinating properties. In particular, their dangling-bond-free nature enables different 2D materials to be stacked on the top of each other without restraint, thereby forming a heterostructure. In this study, a high-performance all 2D

W
S
e

2

/

M
o
S

2

heterojunction photodiode with a graphene contact as an electrode is demonstrated. It exhibits an excellent electrical performance (ideality factor of 1.2 and rectification ratio of

10

4

), a broad spectral photoresponse (from 450 to 980 nm), and a remarkable linearity with a linear dynamic range of 113 dB. Finally, a self-powered single pixel imager is demonstrated as a feasible optoelectronic application.
Gas identification in high-Q microbubble resonators
Authors: Peng Zhong-Di , Yu Chang-Qiu , Ren Hong-Liang , Zou Chang-Ling , Guo Guang-Can , Dong Chun-Hua 
Published: July 2020

A new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental mechanism is reported to realize the identification of gas by a microcavity sensor. Instead of measuring the change in the environment refractive index or absorption, the gas is detected indirectly and indentified by using the thermo-optics effect of a high-quality-factor microbubble resonator. When passing gas through the microbubble, the pressure induces a geometric deformation and thus an observable frequency shift, and the thermal bistability response varies due to the higher heat dissipation by gas molecules. With the two output parameters, we can unambiguously distinguish gas with different molecular weights, e.g., He,N2, andCO2. Our demonstration opens a new avenue of microcavity sensing by using indirect interaction between light and matter, realizing a multiple-parameter sensing approach for gas or solvent identification.
Advances in the design of optical see-through displays
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zhang Jufan , Fang Fengzhou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Driven by greatly increased applications, the optical see-through displays have been developing rapidly in recent decades. As a result, some innovative technologies have emerged toward making the display more compact and lighter with better performance. This paper serves as a systematical review on the advances in developing optical see-through displays, including the physical principles, optical configurations, performance parameters and manufacturing processes. The design principles, current challenges, possible solutions and future potential applications are also discussed in the paper.
GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Hussain Shahida , Riaz Saba , Rasheed Farhan , Ahmad Maqsood , Iram Shagufta , Arif Mizna , Rahmani Tariq Hamid , Anwar Ambereen Imran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent evaluations of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in less than 2 h have stimulated tremendous enthusiasm. This is the breakthrough that tuberculosis (TB) control has been waiting for. In this (retrospective review) case study, sputum samples from strongly suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected and assessed for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing TB and drug resistance in comparison with other tests, including Ziehl–Neelsen smear and Löwenstein–Jensen test. Of 3,784 cases, 5.7% (216/3,784) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and TB co-infected patients. In diagnosing HIV-positive and TB co-infected cases, the sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 76.4% and 100%. While in HIV-negative and TB suspected cases, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% and 100%. This new test represents a major milestone for global TB diagnosis and care. It also represents new hope for the millions of people who are at the highest risk of TB and drug-resistant disease. GeneXpert is World Health Organization-endorsed technology representing the gold standard for TB testing despite attaining less sensitivity for HIV and TB co-infected patients as compared to HIV-negative patients.
A multi-source co-frequency stimulus method for electroencephalogram (EEG) enhancement
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Xu Guanghua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) will contain background noise. Most existing research on this problem uses signal-processing methods to enhance the EEG. The purpose of this paper is to explore another method that can be used to enhance the EEG. We creatively combined motion stimuli with light-flashing stimuli and designed a paradigm in which motion and light-flashing simultaneously will stimulate with the same frequency; this is called multi-source co-frequency stimulus. To avoid the direct stimulus of light-flashing in the human eye and ensure that the composite paradigm provided adequate comfort, the light-flashing pattern was presented in a ring form and the motion stimulus was presented in the center of that ring. Our hypothesis is that when the motion and the light-flashing are simultaneously stimulated with the same frequency, the EEG they induce will be superimposed in some way, and this will enhance the EEG. The multi-source co-frequency stimulus was found to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), better accuracy, and a higher information transmission rate (ITR) than single stimulus. The experimental results showed that it is feasible to use the method proposed in this study to enhance the EEG.
Sexual dimorphism in the cerebrospinal fluid total protein content
Authors: Castellazzi Massimiliano , Pizzicotti Stefano , Lombardo Ilenia , Alfiero Sarah , Morotti Andrea , Pellegatti Patrizia , Negri Giovanna , Natali Lara , Ferri Caterina , Fainardi Enrico , Bellini Tiziana , Pugliatti Maura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid filling the central nervous system. The determination of the CSF total protein (TP) content represents an important screening test of various pathologies. We aimed to address the effect of sex and age on CSF-TP content and the use of the current upper reference limits (URLs).

Methods
CSF-TP content was analysed in a selected population of 1,252 patients (648 women and 604 men; age 18–89 years) who underwent lumbar puncture as a part of the diagnostic work-up. Samples presenting (i) more than 5 white blood cells (WBC)/µL, (ii) discolorations and (iii) reduced glucose were not included.

Results
The CSF-TP content median values were significantly higher in men than in women (46 vs. 37 mg/dL) even after adjusting for age and different hospital inpatients. CSF-TP content positively correlated with age both in men and in women with a constant difference between sexes of 8.5 mg/dL. Applying the most used URLs (mainly 45 and 50 mg/dL, but also 60 mg/dL), men received a laboratory report suggestive of altered CSF-TP content more frequently than women. The use of age- and sex-calibrated CSF-TP URLs reduced, but not eliminated, this sex-gap.

Conclusions
Using the current URLs, a condition of “elevated CSF-TP content” may be overestimated in men or, conversely, underestimated in women, regardless of the age and of the diagnosis. These results highlighted the need to apply CSF-TP URLs values ​​normalized for both sex and age.