bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model for mint drying kinetics prediction by freeze‐drying process: Gene expression programming
Authors: Kovacı Tuğba , Dikmen Erkan , Şencan Şahin Arzu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe drying ratio (DR) and the moisture ratio (MR) are the main drying characteristics properties which play an important role in the drying conditions. Therefore, it has been crucial for the accurate estimation of the selection of drying conditions needed for improving optimal drying process. In this study, DR and MR values have been experimentally determined, and these characteristics have been predicted as mathematical expressions by using gene expression programming (GEP). The outcomes of present study have been pointed out that the developed GEP models have been estimating target values with an acceptable accuracy guaranteed by using different statistical techniques. The R2 values have been denoted 0.973 and 0.972, whereas the RMSE values have been determined as 0.032324 and 0.013146 for developed models of DR and MR, respectively. The
χ2values have been specified 0.001306 and 0.000194 for developed models of DR and MR, respectively. The developed nonlinear equations could be evaluated in areas you need to accurate and quick estimation of drying characteristics such as drying rate and moisture rate of mint.Practical ApplicationsMint drying kinetics (DR and MR) at different pressure of 30, 50, and 80 kPa and temperature of 40, 50, and 60°C have been experimentally studied. GEP model has been developed to predict this drying kinetics in the freeze‐drying process. Developed model can be evaluated in areas where you need to accurate and quick estimation of drying characteristics such as drying rate and moisture rate of mint.
Diet and sleep health: a scoping review of intervention studies in adults
Authors: Burrows T. , Fenton S. , Duncan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent research has demonstrated an association between dietary intake and sleep health that can influence chronic disease risk factors. A scoping review of research studies investigating dietary intake and sleep was undertaken to determine the extent and scope of research in laboratory‐based, free‐living and mixed settings. Additionally, this review determines how well subpopulations and geographical locations are represented and the methodologies used to assess outcome measures.MethodsFive online databases were used to identify papers published between 1970 and 2017. Included studies were those conducted in adults and reported both outcomes of interest: (i) sleep health, including sleep restriction and sleep hygiene and (ii) dietary outcomes, including altered nutrients, dietary patterns and supplements.ResultsIn total, 129 publications were included with the majority being dietary interventions investigating sleep outcomes (n = 109) with fewer being sleep interventions investigating and reporting dietary outcomes (n = 20). Dietary interventions were most often carried out in free‐living environments, in contrast to sleep interventions that were most often carried out in laboratory‐based environments. The majority of dietary interventions investigated use of a supplement (n = 66 studies), which was predominantly caffeine (n = 49). Sleep interventions investigated sleep duration only, with the majority (n = 17) investigating the effect of partial sleep restriction under 5.5 h per night on dietary intake, while three studies investigating total sleep deprivation.ConclusionsInvestigating broader aspects of dietary such as overall diet quality and dietary patterns and other components of sleep health such as quality, timing and sleep hygiene are important aspects for future research.
Impact of structural changes in wood‐using industries on net carbon emissions in Finland
Authors: Hurmekoski Elias , Myllyviita Tanja , Seppälä Jyri , Heinonen Tero , Kilpeläinen Antti , Pukkala Timo , Mattila Tuomas , Hetemäki Lauri , Asikainen Antti , Peltola Heli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForests and forest industries can contribute to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere, by storing it in biomass, and by fabricating products that substitute more greenhouse gas emission intensive materials and energy. The objectives of the study are to specify alternative scenarios for the diversification of wood product markets and to determine how an increasingly diversified market structure could impact the net carbon emissions (NCEs) of forestry in Finland. The NCEs of the Finnish forest sector were modelled for the period 2016–2056 by using a forest management simulation and optimization model for the standing forests and soil and separate models for product carbon storage and substitution impacts. The annual harvest was fixed at approximately 70 Mm3, which was close to the level of roundwood removals for industry and energy in 2016. The results show that the substitution benefits for a reference scenario with the 2016 market structure account for 9.6 Mt C (35.2 Mt CO2 equivalent [CO2 eq]) in 2056, which could be further increased by 7.1 Mt C (26 Mt CO2 eq) by altering the market structure. As a key outcome, increasing the use of by‐products for textiles and wood–plastic composites in place of kraft pulp and biofuel implies greater overall substitution credits compared to increasing the level of log harvest for construction.
Effect of annealing on the magnetic states of FEBID‐grown cobalt nanopatterns examined by off‐axis electron holography
Authors: ALMEIDA T. , MCGROUTHER D. , KOVÁCS A. , DUNIN‐BORKOWSKI R. , MCVITIE S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe growth of cobalt nanopatterns (NPs) using focused electron‐beam induced deposition (FEBID) for localised magnetic studies is presented. The initial FEBID products are shown to be polycrystalline and form hetero‐structured core‐shell NPs through surface oxidation. Off‐axis electron holography is performed to reconstruct their morphology, thickness profile and image their individual magnetic vortex domain states. In situ annealing to 400°C promoted migration of the Co‐overspray to grow the Co NPs and improved their crystallinity through coarsening, as well as induced diffusion of embedded carbon out of their surface. It is found that the change in their morphology and chemical instability under heating restricts their suitability for examining thermally induced magnetic variations.Lay DescriptionIn this paper, electron microscopy is used to deposit magnetic cobalt nanopatterns and characterise the effect of in‐situ heating on their chemistry, structure and magnetic properties. The electron beam of the secondary electron microscope is used to dissociate an injected precursor gas near the SiN membrane substrate of in‐situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) chips and locally deposit the elemental Co in circular patterns ∼ 90 nm in diameter. TEM reveals formation of a Co‐oxide shell and embedding of carbon from the precursor gas during growth. The technique of electron holography is used to image the magnetism of the core‐shell Co / Co‐oxide nanopatterns, which are shown to exhibit magnetic vortex states. In‐situ annealing results in migration of the Co overspray to increase their height and carbon diffusion from their surface, as well as change in their original magnetic state through change of orientation. It is found that the change in the morphology and chemistry of Co nanopatterns under heating limits their use for studying the effect of temperature on their magnetism in isolation.
Trajectories of Union Transition in Emerging Adulthood: Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity Differences in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ang Shannon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the patterns of union transition in emerging adulthood for the 1980 to 1984 cohort and examine its associations with socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity.BackgroundResearch on diverging destinies of cohabitation and marriage tends to focus on singular transitions rather than entire individual trajectories composed of dimensions such as timing, order, duration, and number of transitions.MethodDrawing on monthly prospective data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, social sequence analysis was used to classify union transition trajectories from ages 16 to 30. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the probability of membership in each cluster.ResultsThe findings showed the following six key clusters of trajectories: mostly single (37.6%), some cohabiting (13.8%), serial cohabiting (10.6%), early 20s marriage (11.4%), late 20s marriage (22.5%), and turbulent (4.1%). We found that young adults were most likely to be in the “mostly single” cluster, regardless of socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Individuals with college degrees tended to marry in their late 20s, whereas individuals without college degrees were more likely to be in “serial cohabiting” and “turbulent” clusters. Individuals who lived with neither of their biological parents were more likely to belong to “early 20s marriage” and “turbulent” clusters when compared with those who lived with at least one of their biological parents. Blacks were more likely to remain single, whereas non‐Hispanic Whites were more likely to marry sometime in their 20s.ConclusionEvidence for diverging trajectories exists in this recent cohort, but we also find that most young adults in fact stay single. We also highlight the benefits of considering multiple aspects of trajectories concurrently, especially as relationship instability and complexity increase.
Effects of purified fibre‐mixture supplementation of gestation diet on gut microbiota, immunity and reproductive performance of sows
Authors: Wu Jian , Xiong Yi , Zhong Ming , Li Yong , Wan Haifeng , Wu De , Liu Qi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a purified fibre‐mixture (FM, 50% guar gum, 50% cellulose) supplementation of gestation diet on the immunity, faecal microbial composition and reproductive performance of sows. A day after breeding, 68 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to receive treatment with a control (CON) diet or a diet containing 3% FM (FM diet). Results showed the FM diet to be associated with a significant increase in the number of live‐born piglets relative to CON (13.65 vs. 12.47, p < .05). In addition, this FM diet coincided with significantly increased faecal concentrations of butyrate on day 30 and propionate on day 100 (p < .05), with trends towards increased propionate on day 30 and increased short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on days 30 and 110 (p < .1). Meanwhile, FM addition markedly increased the abundance of representative SCFAs producing‐related genera as Roseburia on days 30 and 110 (p < .05), Eubacterium‐hallii‐group on days 30 and 110 (p < .05), and Bacteroides on day 110 of gestation (p < .05). The serotonin concentration on day 110 of gestation had increased (p < .05) and that on day 30 of gestation (p < .1) exhibited a tendency to increase with the FM‐supplemented diet in comparison with the CON. Besides, FM supplementation caused an increase in serum interleukin‐10 concentrations on days 30 (p < .05) and 110 of gestation (p < .1), and a decrease in interferon‐γ concentration on day 30 of gestation (p < .05). Together these results indicated that purified FM was able to improve sow reproductive performance through a mechanism potentially linked with a bias towards type‐2 helper T‐cell differentiation that supported embryonic survival and thereby improve reproductive yields. Changes in metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiome may thus have an impact on host immunity and reproductive performance.
Ridge reconstruction in damaged extraction sockets using tunnel β‐tricalcium phosphate blocks: A 6‐month histological study in beagle dogs
Authors: Ikawa Takahiro , Akizuki Tatsuya , Ono Wataru , Maruyama Kiichi , Okada Munehiro , Stavropoulos Andreas , Izumi Yuichi , Iwata Takanori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the histological outcome of tunnel β‐TCP blocks grafting in extraction sockets missing the buccal bone wall, after 6 months of healing.BackgroundTunnel β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) blocks made of randomly organized tunnel‐shaped β‐TCP ceramics appeared promising for alveolar ridge preservation in tooth extraction sockets missing the buccal bone, in a previous study in dogs, with a 2‐month healing time.MethodsIn six beagle dogs, the maxillary first premolars were extracted and the buccal bone was surgically removed to create bone defects of 4 mm (mesio‐distal) × 5 mm (apico‐coronal) × 4 mm (bucco‐palatal). Thus, extraction sockets missing the buccal bone plate were grated with tunnel β‐TCP blocks (test) or left empty for spontaneous healing (control). Histology/histomorphometry was performed after 6 months of healing.ResultsThe horizontal bucco‐palatal width of the alveolar ridge was significantly greater at test sites than at control sites. The amount of mineralized tissue was greater at test sites (57.8% ± 11.1%) than at control sites (28.9% ± 8.5%), while the amount of connective tissue was significantly greater at control sites (41.7% ± 6.4%) than at test sites (19.6% ± 9.2%). No significant difference was found between sites in terms of basic multicellular units and bone marrow. Residual β‐TCP at test sites was 5.8% ± 3.2%.ConclusionGrafting with tunnel β‐TCP block significantly limited the resorption of the alveolar ridge at extraction sockets missing the buccal bone compared with sites left to heal spontaneously, even after 6‐month follow‐up.
Comparison of 2 collection methods for cerebrospinal fluid analysis from standing, sedate adult horses
Authors: Chidlow Hayley , Giguère Steeve , Camus Melinda , Wells Bridgette , Howerth Elizabeth , Berghaus Roy , McConachie Beasley Erin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important component of the evaluation of horses with neurologic disease. Lumbosacral (LS) centesis is routine, but CSF is also collected from the space between the first and second cervical vertebrae (C1‐C2).ObjectivesTo compare collection times, CSF cytology results, and equine protozoal myelitis (EPM) titers of CSF collected from the C1‐C2 and LS sites.AnimalsFifteen university‐owned adult horses with no evidence of neurologic disease, and 9 horses with signs of neurologic disease: 3 university‐owned and 6 client‐owned.MethodsProspective study. Cerebrospinal fluid collection from the LS space and C1‐C2 space of each horse was performed in randomized order. Continuous data were analyzed using mixed‐effects linear models and count data using mixed‐effects negative binomial regression. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid collected from the C1‐C2 site had a significantly lower mean protein concentration (49 [95% CI: 43‐55.8] mg/dL C1‐C2 versus 52.1 [95% CI: 45.7‐59.3] mg/dL LS; P = .03) and red blood cell count (6 [95% CI: 2‐16] cells/μL versus 33 [95% CI: 13‐81] cells/μL; P = .02). Collection time, total nucleated cell count, EPM titers, and serum:CSF EPM titer ratios were not significantly different between collection sites.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCerebrospinal fluid from the C1‐C2 space provides an acceptable alternative to LS CSF collection with decreased likelihood of clinically important blood contamination of samples.
Evaluating the effect of distance to different food subsidies on the trophic ecology of an opportunistic seabird species
Authors: Zorrozua N. , Egunez A. , Aldalur A. , Galarza A. , Diaz B. , Hidalgo J. , Jover L. , Sanpera C. , Castège I. , Arizaga J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe availability of food subsidies of anthropogenic origin has strong consequences on the trophic ecology and population dynamics of several opportunistic species. However, evidence suggests that the use of certain feeding sources is very local, and hence, potentially important food subsidies may have a relatively small area of influence, resulting in only limited impact from the large geographic‐scale perspective. In the south‐eastern part of the Bay of Biscay, the Yellow‐legged GullLarus michahellispopulation is distributed across several colonies, which are located close to each other but have variable dependence on the landfills and fishing harbours in the area. This population is therefore a good model to test the influence of anthropogenic food subsidies on the trophic ecology of an opportunistic species at the local scale. Distance to the nearest fishing harbour showed a stronger effect on the diet of Yellow‐legged Gull chicks than distance to the nearest landfill site. Gulls notably reduced their consumption of marine prey (mostly comprised of fishing discards) in relation to decreasing distance of their colony to the nearest fishing harbour. This result has direct implications from a management standpoint, since fish discards were also found to have only a limited effect on diet at regional scales, but a very high impact at the local scale. Moreover, those colonies that consumed a higher proportion of marine prey showed better population trends. In line with European Union policies, a reduction in the availability of fish discards, together with the closure of landfill sites, will occur in the coming years, probably leading to a change in the trophic ecology and dynamics of Yellow‐legged Gull populations.
The history of the Tissint meteorite, from its crystallization on Mars to its exposure in space: New geochemical, isotopic, and cosmogenic nuclide data
Authors: Schulz Toni , Povinec Pavel P. , Ferrière Ludovic , Jull A. J. Timothy , Kováčik Andrej , Sýkora Ivan , Tusch Jonas , Münker Carsten , Topa Dan , Koeberl Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Tissint meteorite fell on July 18, 2011 in Morocco and was quickly recovered, allowing the investigation of a new unaltered sample from Mars. We report new high‐field strength and highly siderophile element (HSE) data, Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐W‐Os isotope analyses, and data for cosmogenic nuclides in order to examine the history of the Tissint meteorite, from its source composition and crystallization to its irradiation history. We present high‐field strength element compositions that are typical for depleted Martian basalts (0.174 ppm Nb, 17.4 ppm Zr, 0.7352 ppm Hf, and 0.0444 ppm W), and, together with an extended literature data set for shergottites, help to reevaluate Mars’ tectonic evolution in comparison to that of the early Earth. HSE contents (0.07 ppb Re, 0.92 ppb Os, 2.55 ppb Ir, and 7.87 ppb Pt) vary significantly in comparison to literature data, reflecting significant sample inhomogeneity. Isotope data for Os and W (187Os/188Os = 0.1289 ± 15 and an ε182W = +1.41 ± 0.46) are both indistinguishable from literature data. An internal Lu‐Hf isochron for Tissint defines a crystallization age of 665 ± 74 Ma. Considering only Sm‐Nd and Lu‐Hf chronometry, we obtain, using our and literature values, a best estimate for the age of Tissint of 582 ± 18 Ma (MSWD = 3.2). Cosmogenic radionuclides analyzed in the Tissint meteorite are typical for a recent fall. Tissint's pre‐atmospheric radius was estimated to be 22 ± 2 cm, resulting in an estimated total mass of 130 ± 40 kg. Our cosmic‐ray exposure age of 0.9 ± 0.2 Ma is consistent with earlier estimations and exposure ages for other shergottites in general.
Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program
Authors: Francis Jane , Mildon Alison , Stewart Stacia , Underhill Bronwyn , Tarasuk Valerie , Di Ruggiero Erica , Sellen Daniel , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) provides a variety of health and nutrition supports to vulnerable mothers and strongly promotes breastfeeding but does not have a formal framework for postnatal lactation support. Breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates in Canada fall well below global recommendations, particularly among socially and economically vulnerable women. We aimed to explore CPNP participant experiences with breastfeeding and with a novel community lactation support program in Toronto, Canada that included access to certified lactation consultants and an electric breast pump, if needed. Four semistructured focus groups and 21 individual interviews (n = 46 women) were conducted between September and December 2017. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Study participants reported a strong desire to breastfeed but a lack of preparation for breastfeeding‐associated challenges. Three main challenges were identified by study participants: physical (e.g., pain and low milk supply), practical (e.g., cost of breastfeeding support and maternal time pressures), and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (e.g., concern about milk supply and conflicting information). Mothers reported that the free lactation support helped to address breastfeeding challenges. In their view, the key element of success with the new program was the in‐home visit by the lactation consultant, who was highly skilled and provided care in a non‐judgmental manner. They reported this support would have been otherwise unavailable due to cost or travel logistics. This study suggests value in exploring the addition of postnatal lactation support to the well‐established national CPNP as a means to improve breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among vulnerable women.
Anopheles daciae, a new country record for Finland
Authors: Culverwell C. L. , Vapalahti O. P. , Harbach R. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected throughout Finland between 2013 and 2018 to determine species distributions. During the course of molecular identifications of specimens belonging to the Anopheles maculipennis complex, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences and link‐reared specimens revealed the presence of Anopheles daciae Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach (n = 37), a new country record, as well as Anopheles messeae Falleroni (n = 19) in the collections. Although the sample size is low, distinctions are apparent in the distributions of these two species, with An. daciae present in south‐eastern and central Finland, including the regions of Kanta‐Häme, Pirkanmaa, Pohjois‐Pohjanmaa, Päijät‐Häme and Satakunta, and An. messeae present in the southern and south‐eastern regions of Åland (Ahvenanmaa), Etelä‐Savo, Kanta‐Häme, Kymenlaakso, Päijät‐Häme, Satakunta, Uusimaa and Varsinais‐Suomi. All reports of An. messeae in Finland prior to 2018 should therefore be recognized as potentially being either An. messeae or An. daciae. Because these species are potential vectors of malarial protozoa, it is important to have full knowledge of their distributions across Europe, particularly in the face of climate warming.