bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement Using PDCA Methodology in the Beverage Industry
Authors: Raodah  , Astutik W , Aris A A , Bahri S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper has an objective to apply PDCA methodology as a way to improve the quality of production processes in the beverage industry. As part of it, a prior analysis has been done and found the highest breakdown was in the conditioning area of the bottle making production. It has been proofed by the secondary data which showedthe average breakdown in the conditioning area of the bottle making production was about 40% from July to September 2019. A preliminary brainstorming involved a manager and a supervisor of the production department to identify the possible causes of the problem. From brainstorming, there were several potential causes of the breakdown problem have been identified using the cause and effect analysis. They were categorised from machine, man and method factors. For machine factors the potential causes came from the faulty conditioning capacitors, the cable of power condition was short, semi-finished bottle burns in conditioning and low of reliability of conditioning sensors. Meanwhile, from the man factor the potential causes came from the lack of skill from operators in centering the conditioning of the collect. Therefore, from the method factor, the cause was because lack of method with relation to the centering conditioning of the collect. The next stage of this research will apply PDCA methodology to overcome the problem and improve the quality of processes in this company.
Identifying Cybersickness When Wearing a Head-Mounted Display through Heart Rate Variability Data
Authors: Setiowati N O , Wijayanto T , Trapsilawati F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cybersickness is one of the common problems related to Virtual Reality (VR). The symptoms are classified into three categories: nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation. The purpose of this study is to identify cybersickness symptoms based on simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and physiological signal using heart rate variability (HRV) when wearing a head-mounted display. Fifteen participants performed a 15-min driving simulation task using head-mounted display. From the SSQ results, the most dominant category of cybersickness symptoms induced by participants are nausea and disorientation. The results showed a correlation between the nausea score and the high frequency (HF)/component of HRV (r=0.618, p=0.032) as well as the ratio of low and high frequency component (LF/HF) (r=-0.718, p=0.009). These findings confirm that the occurrence of nausea when wearing a head-mounted display is influenced by the activation of sympathetic nervous system.
U-Th-PbTOTAL dating of REE-phosphate by electron microprobe: Review and progress
Authors: Allaz J M , Jercinovic M J , Williams M L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Monazite (Mnz) and xenotime (Xnt) are rare earth element (REE) phosphate minerals that occur in a large variety of rocks. They are known to contain very limited amounts of common Pb, and thus, a date can be calculated by simply measuring the total lead- and actinide-contents. Such a measurement can be done at high spatial resolution with an electron probe microanalyser (EPMA), together with a complete mineral analysis. The U-Th-Pbtotal dating method was developed almost 30 years ago, to provide an in-situ age for several (U, Th)-bearing minerals such as uraninite, Mnz, and Xnt. This technique permits identification of events that are not recorded by other minerals, allows dates to be related to structural or geochemical features, and ultimately reinforces the age interpretation. The principal challenge is the accurate measurement of Pb, which is commonly present at the trace level (< 1,000 ppm).
This paper reviews the most recent advances in the U-Th-Pbtotal dating technique of Mnz and Xnt, notably in terms of a) accurate background acquisition using the multipoint background technique, and b) improved peak interference correction for trace and REE elements. This paper also discusses a new method of quantitative element mapping, which helps with the identification of compositional domains in Mnz (or Xnt). Finally, a date cannot be interpreted as an age without the proper context, and several key factors in the interpretation are discussed and illustrated with several case studies.
Spatial resolution limits of EPMA
Authors: Buse B , Kearns S L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of field emission EPMA, has significantly improved the lateral resolution of EPMA. Two strategies are available for achieving high spatial resolution, either low overvoltage or low voltage analysis. Determining the spatial resolution for a particular analysis is complex and depends on the voltage, spot size, beam current, density of the sample, X-rays analysed and the precision and sensitivity required. Monte carlo simulations can be used to evaluate the spatial resolution for different analytical conditions and samples, provided the minimum spot size achievable at the conditions is known. Spot size is important in determining lateral resolution, which initially improves with decreasing accelerating voltages, and then increases as the minimum spot size becomes more significant than the distance electrons travel. For trace elements, the requirement for precision and sensitivity demands either higher overvoltages increasing the volume from which X-rays are generated, and/or higher beam currents increasing the spot size. At low overvoltage or low voltage conditions many additional factors must be considered: carbon contamination, coat thickness, erosion of the carbon coat, the stability of the sample and the problems surrounding the measurement of soft X-ray lines including L-lines for first row transition metals. When analysing L-lines for quantifying first row transition metals, either calibration curves must be used, or the anomalous mass absorption and variations in the fluorescence yields from partial shell occupancy must be accounted for, by using fits to experimentally determined values. By taking these factors into consideration, high quality measurements can be performed.
Quantifying phase transformation during the manufacturing process of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Collado I , Núñez Galindo A , Ruiz A , Almagro Bello J F , Botana F J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of ferrite to austenite transformation phenomenon on microstructure and annealing performance of AISI 430 (EN 1.4016) ferritic stainless steel 16%Cr-0.04%C and 17%Cr-0.02%C was studied by electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Hot-rolled and annealed specimens of each ferritic stainless steel were collected from manufacturing route, where different states were analysed. Chemical composition shift of AISI 430 is correlated to microstructural behaviour of each material, while annealing temperature impact over grain growth phenomena is discussed.
Classification and characterisation of magmatic-hydrothermal tourmaline by combining field observations and microanalytical techniques
Authors: Drivenes K , Brownscombe W , Larsen R B , Seltmann R , Spratt J , Sørensen B E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tourmaline from the St. Byron lobe of the Land’s End granite, SW England, was assessed by macroscopic, optical and quantitative microanalytical methods. In total, seven types of tourmaline were distinguished. The seven types reflect different crystallisation environments and stages in the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. Types 1-3 are interpreted to represent a gradual transition from tourmaline crystallising from a silicate melt to precipitation from magmatic aqueous fluids. Types 5-7 crystallised at subsolidus conditions from a different fluid generation than types 1-3. These fluids may be magmatic or mixed with other fluids (e.g., meteoric or formation waters). The Sn-mineralisation in the area is mostly related to the latter fluid generation, and the mineralising potential is reflected by the tourmaline composition.
New horizons in quantitative compositional mapping – Analytical conditions and data reduction using XMapTools
Authors: Lanari P , Piccoli F 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantitative compositional mapping is a key technique for imaging solids and, therefore, for trying to understand compositional zoning systematics in a broad range of geological materials. Compositional mapping requires an adapted analytical method for efficient data collection, a post-processing calibration stage to obtain elemental concentration values, and specific computer tools for exploring and visualising the data. In this contribution, we describe optimal analytical conditions, possible physical limitations and data reduction strategies for compositional maps of major, minor and trace elements obtained by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Data reduction is performed using the computer software XMapTools, which incorporates a large variety of options and tools for data processing, data calibration and data visualisation based on single and multi-channel maps or via binary, ternary and spider diagrams.
Recent developments in soft X-ray emission spectroscopy microscopy
Authors: Terauchi M , Hatano T , Koike M , Pirozhkov A S , Sasai H , Nagano T , Takakura M , Murano T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the path to the commercialization of a soft-X-ray emission spectrometer system for EPMA/SEM, its application, how it can be used to investigate new materials, and offers an update on improvements being investigated to further optimise the performance. The ultimate energy resolution of 0.08 eV at Al L- Fermi edge is shown with current optics using a fine pixel detector. The spectral mapping technique can show chemical shift images by using an appropriate region-of-interest energy window. L-emissions of 3d transition metal elements inform one not only of the density of states of bonding but also the number of outer shell or 3d electrons. Furthermore, progress leading to improvements in the detection efficiency has resulted in more than three times increase in the B K-emission peak. Testing and evaluation of new high energy-resolution spectrometer for EPMA, and a new calibration procedure for C K-peak on graphite has resulted in improved energy calibration procedure is presented.
Synthesis of Irregular Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) Microparticles by Direct Thermal Oxidation of Ta Foils in Atmospheric Oxygen
Authors: Pérez-Pérez D. , Acosta-Vera R. , Ramírez-Morales A. O. , Cigarroa-Mayorga Oscar E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) microparticles were achieved by one-step thermal oxidation of Tantalum (Ta) foils under 600 °C for 6 h. The effect of time and temperature was explored in the process (50 to 600 °C, 1 to 6 h). Thus, Ta foil was chemically cleaned with nitric and hydrochloric acid and then was immersed in water; finally it was dried with Nitrogen flux. The foils were isothermally oxidized in a horizontal furnace with 21 wt. % Oxygen atmosphere in a constant flux of 20 L/min. The x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy led to the conclusion that formation mechanism of microparticles is mainly constituted by lattice parameters mismatching between Ta and Ta2O5and crystallite size difference. Along the oxidation process at 600 °C, the phase transformation across time carries defect concentrations on entire material experimentally demonstrated by Ta2O5Raman shift and then the sample is broken in irregular shape. As oxidation time reaches 6 h value, phase transformation in Ta foil causes mismatching that firstly diminishes crystallite size, then evolves to cracks and finish by the formation of the particles in the micrometer order size.
Effects of process parameter variation on the surface roughness of polylactic acid (PLA) materials using design of experiments (DOE)
Authors: Burke C , Dalal A , Abukhalaf A , Noorani R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
3D Printing (3DP) is an additive manufacturing technology used to rapidly build parts that are designed using 3D modeling software. 3DP builds a part by adding one layer of the working material at a time until the process is complete. One main concern with 3D printed samples is the high levels of surface roughness, which can result in the rejection of parts by many precision manufacturing companies. The objective of this research is to use the Design of Experiment (DOE) to analyze which factors influence the surface roughness of the part built from a 3D printer. In this research, a two-level, three-factor, full factorial design of experiment is used to select the best combination of factors that will minimize the surface roughness of parts made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) materials. The selected factors are printing orientation, nozzle diameter, and infill percentage. Based on the preliminary result, it is determined all the factors and their two-factor interactions are shown to significantly affect the surface roughness. However, it is shown that the nozzle diameter has had the most effect on surface roughness. These results will be explained in terms of the optical microscopy of the processed PLA test specimens.
Elastoplastic Behavior of Wide Flange Beam - to-Wide Flange Column Welded Connections
Authors: Pangandaman M D , Taclendo C S , Cantila K B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A beam-to-column connection is considered to be one of the most critical sections of various types of load-carrying structures. Many parameters such as the geometrical and material properties of both beams and columns influenced its performance. The purpose of this study is to derive analytical models for the connection’s yield and ultimate strength and displacements using the depth of wide flange (WF) beam and WF-column, and the length of WF-beam as design parameters. Experimental tests involved testing of three specimens until reaching their maximum strength. The behavior of the connection observed in the experiment were employed in the finite element analyses (FEA), where the thirty numerical models generated with the parametric script in SolidWorks, provided the design information for the mechanical properties. Lastly, the derivation of analytical formulae used to predict the mechanical properties of wide flange beam-to-wide flange column connections employed regression analysis. In conclusion, (1) There is a good agreement between FEA and test results, (2) The dimensional parameters Lb
/Db
and Dc
/Lb
ratios have been found to significantly characterize the elastic-plastic properties of fully welded beam-to-column connections with stiffeners, and (3) The mechanical properties of the connections can be well predicted by the derived analytical formulae.
MOFs-derived Co3O4 loaded hollow In2O3 nanofibers with greatly enhanced acetone sensing performance
Authors: Zhu L , Chang X , Lu W B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived Co3O4 were easily functionalized on In2O3 nanofibers (NFs) by electrospinning followed a calcination at 600 °C in air. The influences of doping content, morphology, and operating temperature on the acetone sensing performances of In2O3 based NFs were comprehensively studied. Our results showed that the 20 wt% Co3O4-In2O3 NFs exhibited outstanding acetone sensing properties at 300 °C. Exactly, it showed a high response to acetone (S∼43.67 @ 100 ppm acetone), which was ∼22 times larger than that of pristine In2O3 NFs. On the same time, it exhibited a short response time (∼13 s). The excellent acetone sensing properties of MOFs-derived Co3O4-In2O3 NFs can be explained by the formation of p-n junction between Co3O4 and In2O3. Our work offers a facile and cost-effective approach to load MOFs-derived Co3O4 on other metal oxides based NFs as a promising gas sensing material and shows the prospects of MOFs-derived metal oxides loaded in metal oxide NFs used for gas sensors.
Tension analysis of bolted sleeve connection between pultruded GFRP tube and steel member considering adhesion
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Liu Yuqing , Wang Zhengzhong , Sun Yun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pultruded Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP)-steel hybrid structures have become increasingly popular in civil infrastructures. However, the connection between GFRP and steel members is one of the key issues limiting the development of the innovative structure. This paper presents tensile capacity of bolted sleeve connection between GFRP and steel members. With consideration of the pre-loaded bolt effect, the appropriate fastening torque was proposed by finite element investigation. The adhesive effect was also considered and investigated by cohesive zone method. The bolted sleeve connection provides a good solution for the tubular and large-span structures.
Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity Value by using Sunjoto Shape Factor
Authors: Aye Thinzar , Sunjoto S. , Luknanto Djoko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity, K value, is important for soil properties determination and there are many equations and method that can be used in this region. In 1951, Hvorslev introduced the shape factor method to determine K value that only depends on geometry of well. The geometry of well or shape factor is mainly focused on the length, screen and base of the groundwater well. Later, many researchers used this method and developed different kind of equations for different geometry of wells. Sunjoto also developed equations and shape factor to determine the K value. This method can be used easily by using iteration method. In this research, the comparison has been performed using constant laboratory test method and Sunjoto method. The experiment test was conducted in the laboratory and it took measurements for three tests. The Sunjoto equation was used for analysis to the experiment test measurements. The hydraulic conductivity value with constant head test is 0.00038 m/sec and with Sunjoto shape factor method is 0.000184 m/sec for test (1), 0.000180 m/sec for test (2) and 0.000119 for test (3). According to this comparison value, the hydraulic conductivity value is more acceptable when it uses shape factor method since the constant laboratory test is using disturb sample. Moreover, according to the result, Sunjoto method can be used as a new method to determine hydraulic conductivity value.
Assessment of tool platform micro vibrations induced by moving vehicles in hi-tech factories
Authors: Lee C L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study explores the micro vibrations of floors and tool platforms induced by internal moving automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in hi-tech factories. The equation of motion of a simplified multi-span floor (or beam) system installed with a tool platform under AGV moving forces generated by a modified Kanai-Tajimi power spectral density (MKT-PSD) function is derived. Dynamic time history analyses of the continuous beam model travelled by different AGV weights are performed. The corresponding root-mean-square (RMS) floor and platform vibration spectra are obtained by using a one-third octave band spectrum analysis and in turn used to compare with the micro vibration criterion. Simulated results indicated that the floor and platform vibrations increase with the AGV weight. For the maximum AGV weight considered, the floor vibration exceeds VC-A, while under the minimum AGV weight, the floor vibration reaches VC-B which is required by the vibration-sensitive tools. Moreover, the platform vibrations are far more than VC-A regardless of the AGV weight. Therefore, the introduction of a proper vibration control scheme is recommended to suppress the excessive micro vibrations of the floors and taller tool platforms.
General and central obesity operate differently as predictors of falls requiring medical care in older women: a population-based cohort study in Spain
Authors: Hermenegildo-López Ygor , Sandoval-Insausti Helena , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Banegas Jose Ramón , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Guallar-Castillón Pilar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
to examine the association of general and abdominal obesity with falls, falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures in older women.

Design
a population-based prospective cohort of 1,185 women aged ≥60 in Spain, followed up from 2008 to 2010 through 2012.

Measures
weight, height and waist circumference were measured at baseline using standardised techniques. Participants were classified according to body mass index as normal weight (&lt;25), overweight (25–29.9) and general obesity (≥30). Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference &gt;88 cm. In 2012, participants reported the falls experienced in the previous year. Logistic regression models were mutually adjusted for general and abdominal obesity and for main confounders.

Results
in this cohort of older women, a total of 336 women experienced falls, 168 of them had falls requiring medical care and 64 falls with fractures. For falls, no association was found with general obesity nor abdominal obesity. However, compared with normal weight, overweight women had a decreased risk for falls requiring medical care [odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.94] and for falls with fractures (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12–0.63). The corresponding values for general obesity were 0.44 (0.24–0.81) and 0.30 (0.11–0.82). Abdominal obesity was positively associated with falls requiring medical care (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.12–2.94) and falls with fractures (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.18–6.44).

Conclusions
in older women, general obesity may protect from falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures. On the contrary, abdominal obesity increased the risk of suffering from types of falls.
Wide variation in the suboptimal distribution of photosynthetic capacity in relation to light across genotypes of wheat
Authors: Salter William T , Merchant Andrew , Trethowan Richard M , Richards Richard A , Buckley Thomas N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Suboptimal distribution of photosynthetic capacity in relation to light among leaves reduces potential whole-canopy photosynthesis. We quantified the degree of suboptimality in 160 genotypes of wheat by directly measuring photosynthetic capacity and daily irradiance in flag and penultimate leaves. Capacity per unit daily irradiance was systematically lower in flag than penultimate leaves in most genotypes, but the ratio (γ) of capacity per unit irradiance between flag and penultimate leaves varied widely across genotypes, from less than 0.5 to over 1.2. Variation in γ was most strongly associated with differences in photosynthetic capacity in penultimate leaves, rather than with flag leaf photosynthesis or canopy light penetration. Preliminary genome-wide association analysis identified nine strong marker-trait associations with this trait, which should be validated in future work in other environments and/or materials. Our modelling suggests canopy photosynthesis could be increased by up to 5 % under sunny conditions by harnessing this variation through selective breeding for increased γ.