bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma membrane H+‐ATPases‐mediated cytosolic proton gradient regulates pollen tube growth
Authors: Chen Wei , Jia Peng‐Fei , Yang Wei‐Cai , Li Hong‐Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe polar growth of pollen tubes is essential for the delivery of sperm cells during fertilization in angiosperms. How this polar growth is regulated has been a long‐standing question. An in vitro pharmacological assay previously implicated proton flux in pollen tube growth, although genetic and cellular supporting evidence was lacking. Here, we report that protons form a gradient from the pollen tube tip to the shank region and this gradient is generated by three members of Arabidopsis H+‐ATPases (AHAs). Genetic analysis suggested that these AHAs are essential for pollen tube growth, thus providing new insight into the regulation of polar growth.
Beyond Implementation: Sustaining Group Prenatal Care and Group Well‐Child Care
Authors: Novick Gina , Womack Julie A. , Sadler Lois S. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionGroup prenatal care and group well‐child care (collectively called group care) provide health care in groups. Group care is being introduced in many settings, and the model's benefits are increasingly recognized. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding model sustainability. This study examined barriers to sustainability and offers suggestions for sustaining group care programs.MethodsThis qualitative research was guided by interpretive description. Semistructured interviews with 17 professionals were conducted in 4 sites in one community to explore barriers to sustaining group care and key ingredients for sustainability. Sites were 2 clinics that had provided group prenatal care, a clinic currently providing group prenatal care, and a clinic currently providing group well‐child care. Two clinics have continued providing group care and 2 have discontinued it. Participants included midwives, physicians, nurses, and nurse practitioners. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and entered in ATLAS.ti. A priori and inductive coding schemes were developed; code content was compared across individuals, participant types, and settings.ResultsFive themes were identified: administrative buy‐in, robust recruitment, clinician and staff buy‐in, owning it, and sustainability mindset. Group care needs to be sold to many different constituencies: administrators, staff and clinicians, and patients. Furthermore, sustainability requires having a conscious awareness of the importance of sustainability from the outset, taking ownership by adapting group care to needs of settings, creating venues for expressing divergent viewpoints and problem‐solving, and recognizing that these processes are ongoing with change occurring incrementally. It also includes addressing the need for long‐term financing.DiscussionThose implementing group care must be prepared to go beyond managing the logistics of introducing a complex new program; they must also be prepared to develop sustainability mindsets, sell the model to everyone on all levels within their institutions, and advocate for enhanced reimbursement for group care and value‐driven payment systems.
A first glimpse at the influence of body mass in the morphological integration of the limb long bones: an investigation in modern rhinoceroses
Authors: Mallet Christophe , Billet Guillaume , Houssaye Alexandra , Cornette Raphaël 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe appendicular skeleton of tetrapods is a particularly integrated structure due to the shared developmental origin or similar functional constraints exerted on its elements. Among these constraints, body mass is considered strongly to influence its integration but its effect on shape covariation has rarely been addressed in mammals, especially in heavy taxa. Here, we propose to explore the covariation patterns of the long bones in heavy animals and their link to body mass. We investigate the five modern rhinoceros species, which display an important range of bodyweight. We used a 3D geometric morphometric approach to describe the shape covariation of the six bones composing the stylopodium and zeugopodium both among and within species. Our results indicate that the appendicular skeleton of modern rhinos is a strongly integrated structure. At the interspecific level, the shape covariation is roughly similar between all pairs of bones and mainly concerns the muscular insertions related to powerful flexion and extension movements. The forelimb integration appears higher and more related to body mass than that of the hind limb, suggesting a specialization for weight support. The integration of the stylopodium elements does not seem to relate to body mass in our sample, which suggests a greater effect of shared developmental factors. Conversely, the covariation of the zeugopodium bones seems more associated with body mass, particularly for the radius‐ulna pair. The fibula appears poorly integrated with other bones, especially within non‐Rhinoceros species, which may represent a case of parcellation due to a functional dissociation between the hind limb bones. The exploration of the integration patterns at the intraspecific level also highlights a more prominent effect of age over individual body mass on shape covariation within C. simum. This study lends support to previous hypotheses indicating a link between high body mass and high integration level.
Experimental Entanglements: Surveillance Science, Sex Worker Activism, and Evidentiary Politics in Kenya
Authors: Lorway Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Kenya, globally circulating HIV surveillance techniques are implicated in an emergent experimental terrain that merges scientific interest with health administration agendas. Sex worker activists reroute and repurpose this technocratic knowledge to more precisely pinpoint and defy the undemocratic imperatives of an encroaching experimental order that aims to govern the health of key populations. Reconstructing the conditions of emergence of these evidentiary politics reveals growing interdependencies between sex workers and scientific and technical experts as they are brought into increasing interaction with each other.
A multilabel classification approach to identify hurricane‐induced infrastructure disruptions using social media data
Authors: Roy Kamol Chandra , Hasan Samiul , Mozumder Pallab 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRapid identification of infrastructure disruptions during a disaster plays an important role in restoration and recovery operations. Due to the limitations of using physical sensing technologies, such as the requirement to cover a large area in a short period of time, studies have investigated the potential of social sensing for damage/disruption assessment following a disaster. However, previous studies focused on identifying whether a social media post is damage related or not. Hence, advanced methods are needed to infer actual infrastructure disruptions and their locations from such data. In this paper, we present a multilabel classification approach to identify the co‐occurrence of multiple types of infrastructure disruptions considering the sentiment toward a disruption—whether a post is reporting an actual disruption (negative), or a disruption in general (neutral), or not affected by a disruption (positive). In addition, we propose a dynamic mapping framework for visualizing infrastructure disruptions. We use a geo‐parsing method that extracts location from the texts of a social media post. We test the proposed approach using Twitter data collected during hurricanes Irma and Michael. The proposed multilabel classification approach performs better than a baseline method (using simple keyword search and sentiment analysis). We also find that disruption‐related tweets, based on specific keywords, do not necessarily indicate an actual disruption. Many tweets represent general conversations, concerns about a potential disruption, and positive emotion for not being affected by any disruption. In addition, a dynamic disruption map has potential in showing county and point/coordinate level disruptions. Identifying disruption types and their locations is vital for disaster recovery, response, and relief actions. By inferring the co‐occurrence of multiple disruptions, the proposed approach may help coordinate among infrastructure service providers and disaster management organizations.
Simulation‐based dynamic traffic assignment: Meta‐heuristic solution methods with parallel computing
Authors: Ameli Mostafa , Lebacque Jean‐Patrick , Leclercq Ludovic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to solve the large‐scale dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model using a simulation‐based framework, which is computationally a challenging problem. Many studies have been performed on developing an efficient algorithm to solve DTA. Most of the existing algorithms are based on path‐swapping descent direction methods. From the computational standpoint, the main drawback of these methods is that they cannot be parallelized. This is because the existing algorithms need to know the results of the last iteration to determine the next best path flow for the next iteration. Thus, their performance depends on the single initial or intermediate solution, which means they exploit a solution that satisfies the equilibrium conditions more than explore the solution space for the optimal solution. More specifically, the goal of this study is to overcome the drawbacks of serial algorithms by using meta‐heuristic algorithms known to be parallelizable and that have never been applied to the simulation‐based DTA problem. This study proposes two new solution methods: a new extension of the simulated annealing and an adapted genetic algorithm. With parallel simulation, the algorithm runs more simulations in comparison with existing methods, but the algorithm explores the solution space better and therefore obtains better solutions in terms of closeness to the optimal solution and computation time compared to classical methods.
Façade defects classification from imbalanced dataset using meta learning‐based convolutional neural network
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Wang Qian , Li Yiting , Liu Pengkun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFaçade inspection is a regular but necessary maintenance task to ensure the safety, functioning, and aesthetics of a building. Traditional visual identification of façade defects is dangerous, time‐consuming, and insufficient. Based on an image dataset and deep learning algorithms, an automatic façade defects classification technique is developed in this research. A layer‐based categorization rule is proposed to categorize façade defects. To handle the problem of imbalanced data size among defect classes, a meta learning‐based method is applied, which reassigns weights to the training data. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method had a stronger capacity to deal with the imbalanced dataset problem comparing with previous methods by improving the classification accuracy from 71.43% of a basic convolutional neural network (CNN) model to 82.86% of a meta learning‐based CNN model.
Phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones and healthy ageing: Linking dietary factors, nutrient biomarkers, metabolic status and inflammation with cognition in older adults (the VALID project)
Authors: Angelino D. , Caffrey A. , Moore K. , Laird E. , Moore A. J. , Gill C. I. R. , Mena P. , Westley K. , Pucci B. , Boyd K. , Mullen B. , McCarroll K. , Ward M. , Strain J. J. , Cunningham C. , Molloy A. M. , McNulty H. , Del Rio D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPopulations globally are ageing, leading to increased prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Certain dietary patterns and/or nutritional components may have beneficial effects in helping to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Flavan‐3‐ols, a complex subgroup of polyphenols (including catechins and proanthocyanins) which are abundant in foods such as tea, cocoa, grapes, nuts and berries, are almost exclusively metabolised by colonic bacteria to form phenolic acids and phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones (PVLs). PVLs, now thought to exert the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects originally attributed to flavan‐3‐ols, are relatively stable in plasma and may thus provide reliable biomarkers of dietary exposure to flavan‐3‐ols. In the VALID project (a transnational collaboration involving partners in the UK, Ireland and Italy), we aim to validate plasma PVLs as robust biomarkers of catechin/proanthocyanidin‐rich foods and demonstrate their association with cognitive function in older adults. We will utilise existing data and perform new analysis of samples from the Trinity‐Ulster and Department of Agriculture (TUDA) cohort, a study of 5186 older adults providing comprehensive data on a range of relevant variables, including nutrient biomarkers, inflammatory markers, clinical variables, socio‐economic factors and cognitive measures. In addition, we will access samples from TUDA 5+, a follow‐up study of 1000 participants from the original TUDA cohort resampled 5–7 years after their initial investigation, enabling an assessment of cognitive decline. This project aims to validate PVLs as robust biomarkers of dietary polyphenol intake and determine the potential role of catechin/proanthocyanidin‐rich foods in preserving better cognitive heath in ageing.
PIFs coordinate shade avoidance by inhibiting auxin repressor ARF18 and metabolic regulator QQS
Authors: Jia Yuebin , Kong Xiangpei , Hu Kongqin , Cao Mengqiang , Liu Jiajia , Ma Changle , Guo Siyi , Yuan Xianzheng , Zhao Shan , Robert Hélène S. , Li Cuiling , Tian Huiyu , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) arises in densely growing plants that compete for light. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) proteins link the perception of shade to stem elongation via auxin production.

Here, we report that PIFs inhibit the shade‐induced expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 18 (ARF18), and ARF18 represses auxin signaling. Therefore, PIF‐mediated inhibition of ARF18 enhances auxin‐dependent hypocotyl elongation in simulated shade.

Furthermore, we show that both PIFs and ARF18 directly repress qua‐quine starch (QQS), which controls the allocation of carbon and nitrogen. Shade‐repressed QQS attenuates the conversion of starch to protein and thus reduced leaf area.

Our results suggest that PIF‐dependent gene regulation coordinates multiple SAS responses, including altered stem growth via ARF18, as well as altered leaf growth and metabolism via QQS.
Detection and analysis of enamel cracks by ICG‐NIR fluorescence dental imaging
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Holamoge Yoshita V. , Li Zheng , Zaid Waleed , Osborn Michelle L. , Ramos Alexandra , Miller Jacob T. , Li Yanping , Yao Shaomian , Xu Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCracked teeth are the third most common cause of tooth loss, but there is no reliable imaging tool for the diagnosis of cracks. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of indocyanine green near‐infrared fluorescence (ICG‐NIRF) dental imaging for the detection of enamel cracks and enamel–dentin cracks in vitro in the first (ICG‐NIRF‐I, 700–950 nm) and second (ICG‐NIRF‐II, 950–1700 nm) imaging windows with transmission excitation light, and compared ICG‐NIRF with conventional NIR illumination‐II (NIRi‐II) and X‐ray imaging. Dentin cracks were detected by CT scan, while most enamel cracks, undetectable under X‐ray imaging, were clearly visible in NIR images. We found that ICG‐NIRF‐II detected cracks more effectively than NIRi‐II, and that light orientation is an important factor for crack detection: an angled exposure obtained better image contrast of cracks than parallel exposure, as it created a shadow under the crack. Crack depth could be evaluated from the crack shadow in ICG‐NIRF and NIRi‐II images; from this shadow we could determine crack depth and discriminate enamel–dentin cracks from craze lines. Cracks could be observed clearly from ICG‐NIRF images with 1‐min ICG tooth immersion, although longer ICG immersion produced images with greater contrast. Overall, our data show that ICG‐NIRF dental imaging is a useful tool for diagnosing cracked teeth at an early stage.
Solutions with concentration for conservation laws with discontinuous flux and its applications to numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems
Authors: Aggarwal Aekta , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Sen Abhrojyoti , Vaidya Ganesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeasure‐valued weak solutions for conservation laws with discontinuous flux are proposed and explicit formulae have been derived. We propose convergent discontinuous flux‐based numerical schemes for the class of hyperbolic systems that admit nonclassical ‐shocks, by extending the theory of discontinuous flux for nonlinear conservation laws to scalar transport equation with a discontinuous coefficient. The article also discusses the concentration phenomenon of solutions along the line of discontinuity, for scalar transport equations with a discontinuous coefficient. The existence of the solutions for transport equation is shown using the vanishing viscosity approach and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is also established. The performance of the numerical schemes for both scalar conservation laws and systems to capture the ‐shocks effectively is displayed through various numerical experiments.
COVID‐19 in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Myers Catherine N. , Scott John Harwood , Criner Gerard J. , Cordova Francis C. , Mamary Albert James , Marchetti Nathaniel , Shenoy Kartik V. , Galli Jonathan A. , Mulhall Patrick D. , Brown James C. , Shigemura Norihisa , Sehgal Sameep ,   Temple University COVID‐19 Research Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients are considered at high risk for COVID‐19 infection due to chronic immune suppression; little data currently exists on the manifestations and outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in lung transplant recipients. Here we report 8 cases of COVID‐19 identified in patients with a history of lung transplant. We describe the clinical course of disease as well as preexisting characteristics of these patients.
Pneumatosis intestinalis in COVID-19
Authors: Meini Simone , Zini Chiara , Passaleva Maria Teresa , Frullini Anna , Fusco Francesca , Carpi Roberto , Piani Fiorella 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionCOVID-19 is a respiratory illness due to novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract can also be involved.Case presentationA 44-year-old man was hospitalised for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. A rapid recovery of respiratory and general symptoms was observed after 1 week of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine and broad-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin–tazobactam plus teicoplanin). No GI symptoms were reported during hospitalisation, but a lung contrast-enhancement CT (CE-CT) excluding thromboembolism showed, as collateral finding, intraperitoneal free bubbles not present on a previous CT examination; the subsequent abdominal CE-CT described pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) involving the caecum and the right colon. Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole was started, and the 2-week follow-up CT showed the complete resolution of PI.DiscussionThe pathogenesis of PI is poorly understood. PI involving the caecum and right colon has been described for HIV and Cytomegalovirus infections, but, to our best knowledge, never before in COVID-19. We hypothesise a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis for PI, with a possible role of the bowel wall damage and microbiota impairment due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we suggest a conservative management in the absence of symptoms.
Hypernetwork science via high-order hypergraph walks
Authors: Aksoy Sinan G. , Joslyn Cliff , Ortiz Marrero Carlos , Praggastis Brenda , Purvine Emilie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose high-order hypergraph walks as a framework to generalize graph-based network science techniques to hypergraphs. Edge incidence in hypergraphs is quantitative, yielding hypergraph walks with both length and width. Graph methods which then generalize to hypergraphs include connected component analyses, graph distance-based metrics such as closeness centrality, and motif-based measures such as clustering coefficients. We apply high-order analogs of these methods to real world hypernetworks, and show they reveal nuanced and interpretable structure that cannot be detected by graph-based methods. Lastly, we apply three generative models to the data and find that basic hypergraph properties, such as density and degree distributions, do not necessarily control these new structural measurements. Our work demonstrates how analyses of hypergraph-structured data are richer when utilizing tools tailored to capture hypergraph-native phenomena, and suggests one possible avenue towards that end.
Use of pore pressure data from the Norwegian Continental Shelf to characterize fluid-flow processes in geological timescales
Authors: Riis Fridtjof , Wolff Anke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A dataset with pore pressures from more than 1000 exploration wells has been used to investigate the dynamics of aquifer systems in the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). Variations in aquifer pressures reflect flow of porewater through permeable rocks over geological time. Strongly overpressured regimes are formed within confined aquifers in subsiding areas, where fluid flow out of the aquifer is controlled by vertical seepage. In transitional pressure regimes, fluid flows within permeable beds towards areas with hydrostatic pressures. In the hydrostatic regime, pressure differences result from density differences due to varying formation water salinity and by hydrocarbon columns. An underpressured regime has been encountered in confined aquifers in the platform areas of the Barents Sea, and is related to net uplift and erosion. In the case studies, pressure differences are interpreted in the context of the relevant pressure regime, and with a dynamic approach where segment boundaries and cap rocks are regarded as low-permeability restrictions rather than barriers. The present distribution of pressure regimes was developed over the last few million years due to rapid Pleistocene sedimentation and erosion processes.