bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a PEEK Material‐Based External Fixator in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures with Non‐Transarticular External Fixation
Authors: Xie Mao , Cao Yinghao , Cai Xianyi , Shao Zengwu , Nie Ke , Xiong Liming 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of a PEEK material‐based external fixator in the treatment of distal radius fractures with non‐transarticular external fixation.MethodsThere were 48 patients in this prospective comparative study. They were divided into two groups according to the materials used: the PEEK group and the titanium group. Wrist dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, pronation, supination, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, grip strength of the palm on the affected side, kneading force, Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, operation time, frequency of fluoroscopy procedures, and X‐ray results were compared between the two groups. Functional recovery was evaluated at the last follow‐up according to the wrist joint evaluation criteria.ResultsThe baseline data were comparable between the two groups, and no significant differences were found in age, sex, fracture types (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the results of DASH, grip strength, and recovery of pinch force and wrist function (dorsiflexion, clavicle, ulnar deviation, deviation, pronation, and supination) (P > 0.05). Normal limb function was achieved in the two groups of patients at an average of 6 weeks after surgery, and there was no significant difference in X‐ray examination radial height (10.60 ± 1.59 vs 11.00 ± 1.53, P = 0.687), radial inclination (1.11 ± 0.24 vs 1.12 ± 0.24, P = 0.798), volar tilt (10.33 ± 2.13 vs 10.00 ± 2.08, P = 0.660), ulnar variance (20.87 ± 3.00 vs 20.38 ± 3.04, P = 0.748), and step‐off persistence (1.73 ± 0.69 vs 1.68 ± 0.72, P = 0.425) between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the operation time (54.80 ± 12.20 vs 85.23 ± 15.14, P = 0.033) and number of fluoroscopy procedures (36.93 ± 6.89 vs 64.77 ± 9.74, P = 0.000) in the PEEK group were significantly reduced compared with those in the titanium group.ConclusionCompared with the traditional titanium external fixator, the PEEK composite external fixator has advantages, such as a shorter operation time and fewer fluoroscopy procedures when used to treat different types of distal radius fracture.
Prevalence of childhood wheeze and modified DNA methylation at 7 years of age according to maternal folate levels during pregnancy in the Hokkaido Study
Authors: Miyashita Chihiro , Araki Atsuko , Miura Ryu , Ait Bamai Yu , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Itoh Sachiko , Ito Kumiko , Tsai Meng‐Shan , Kishi Reiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA high dose of folic acid during pregnancy may increase the risk of asthma, wheezing, and respiratory disease in childhood. Folate acid can modify inflammation and immune susceptibility of offspring with some epigenetic differentiation, including DNA methylation. This study evaluated associations between maternal folate levels during pregnancy and childhood wheezing; furthermore, the study assessed whether maternal folate‐modified DNA methylation is related to asthma.MethodsParticipants in the current study were 6651 mother‐child pairs who had complete data on characteristics and who had completed at least one of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires when the child was 1, 2, 4, and 7 years of age. Moreover, a case‐control study to assess DNA methylation at 7 years of age was conducted among 136 children who experienced wheezing and a control group of 139 children with no history of allergies.ResultsThe median of maternal serum was 16.76 nmol/L, assayed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. We found significantly increased adjusted odds ratios of childhood wheezing at 2 years age according to maternal folate levels, compared with the lowest folate quartile (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = highest; 1.27 [1.03, 1.56], and second, 1.27 [1.05, 1.55]); however, no changes were observed at 1, 4, and 7 years of age. In a case‐control study, no association of maternal folate levels with DNA methylation was observed.ConclusionOur results suggest that maternal folate did not affect persistent wheezing in school‐aged children, or DNA methylation of gasdermin B, orosomucoid‐like 3, and Ikaros family zinc finger 3 at 7 years of age.
The multilocular trait of rapeseed is ideal for high‐yield breeding
Authors: Xu Ping , Wang Xiaohua , Dai Shengjie , Cui Xiaoyu , Cao Xue , Liu Zhenning , Shen Jinxiong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe multilocular trait is generally considered as a desirable agricultural trait for the high‐yield breeding of Brassica crops and has attracted considerable attention. The siliques of multilocular plants contain more chambers and seeds than those of bilocular rapeseed varieties and, thus, have a higher yield. Furthermore, multilocular plants are precious germplasm resources for the breeding of Brassica crops. In this article, we provide a summary of researches regarding the multilocular trait in rapeseed, including its natural germplasms, silique morphology, genetic models, and regulatory mechanisms. The study will highlight the potential of multilocular rapeseed for high‐yield breeding.
Hair and skin predict cardiomyopathies: Carvajal and erythrokeratodermia cardiomyopathy syndromes
Authors: Sun Qisi , Wine Lee Lara , Hall E Kevin , Choate Keith A. , Elder Robert W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarvajal and erythrokeratodermia cardiomyopathy syndromes (EKC) are rare, inherited cardiocutaneous disorders with potentially fatal consequences in young children. Some patients display features of congestive heart failure and rapidly deteriorate; others exhibit no evident warning signs until sudden death reveals underlying heart disease. We present two patients to illustrate the characteristic hair, skin, teeth, and nail abnormalities, which—especially when distinct from that of other family members—should prompt cardiac evaluation and genetic analysis. In this article, we discuss established treatments as well as a promising, novel therapeutic that has led to nearly complete resolution of the cutaneous and cardiac pathology in EKC syndrome.
Optimal selection of virtual control points with planar constraints for large‐scale block adjustment of satellite imagery
Authors: Tong Xiaohua , Fu Qing , Liu Shijie , Wang Hanyu , Ye Zhen , Jin Yanmin , Chen Peng , Xu Xiong , Wang Chao , Liu Sicong , Hong Zhonghua , Luan Kuifeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn large‐scale block adjustment of high‐resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) without ground control points (GCPs), the selection of virtual control points (VCPs) is an important factor in determining the block adjustment accuracy. The traditional VCP generation method is based on a regular grid and uses the initial rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) files but without considering topographic factors. To further improve the accuracy, this paper proposes an approach for the optimal selection of VCPs with planar constraints, which ensures that the VCPs are mostly in areas with small elevation differences and are not influenced by vegetation and buildings. A three‐step approach generates the 3D coordinates of tie points based on forward intersection, calculates their mean values and finally selects optimal VCPs using a threshold value. Experiments conducted using ZY3‐01 satellite images show the accuracy of the proposed method without GCPs outperforms the existing method.
Seasonal Differences in the UVA/UVB Ratio of Natural Sunlight Influence the Efficiency of the Photoisomerization of (6‐4) Photoproducts into their Dewar Valence Isomers
Authors: Nishimura Kazuki , Ikehata Hironobu , Douki Thierry , Cadet Jean , Sugiura Shigeki , Mori Toshio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe UVA and UVB components of sunlight can produce three classes of bipyrimidine DNA photolesions [cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6‐4PPs) and related Dewar valence isomers (DewarPPs)]. The UVA/UVB ratio of sunlight is high in winter and low in summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Since UVB radiation produces 6‐4PPs and UVA radiation converts them into DewarPPs through photoisomerization, it is expected that there may be differences in the photoisomerization of 6‐4PPs between summer and winter, although that has never been documented. To determine that, isolated DNA was exposed to natural sunlight for 8 h in late summer and in winter, and absolute levels of the three classes of photolesions were quantified using calibrated ELISAs. It was found that sunlight produces CPDs and 6‐4PPs in DNA at a ratio of about 9:1 and converts approximately 80% of 6‐4PPs into DewarPPs within 3 h. Moreover, photoisomerization is more efficient in winter than in late summer after sunlight irradiation for the same duration, at similar solar UV doses and with the same induction level of CPDs. These results demonstrate that seasonal differences in the UVA/UVB ratio influence the efficiency of the photoisomerization of 6‐4PPs into DewarPPs.
ASTER mapping of gypsum deposits of Thumrait region of southern Oman
Authors: Rajendran Sankaran , Nasir Sobhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the use of ASTER data for the mapping of gypsum deposits and associated geological formations that occurred in the Thumrait region of southern Oman. The measurement of spectra over samples of gypsum in the 1,300–2,500 nm wavelength using a PIMA spectrometer showed the presence of distinct absorptions at 1400–1600, 1750, 1940, 2,100, and 2,400 nm characteristics to OH stretching, H2O combinations, and SO bending overtones and stretching, respectively. Studying the unique spectral absorption characters of gypsum samples, we developed a false color composite (FCC) and an image by decorrelation stretch using the spectral bands 7, 3, and 2 of ASTER. The results FCC showed the regions of gypsum occurrences, and the decorrelated image discriminated the gypsum occurrences from other geological formations of the area. The study of surface mineralogy of the region using the VNIR‐SWIR bands by the spectral angle mapper method showed the presence of sulfate, carbonate, and clay minerals of the geological formations in the study area. We compared the results of ASTER with the results obtained using spectral bands 12, 8, and 4 of Sentinel‐2A processed by the same methods. The study showed that the spectral bands of ASTER can be used for mapping the gypsum and associated geological formations.
Mathematics identity and achievement among Black students
Authors: Gonzalez Lidia , Chapman Shawnda , Battle Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmploying data from the National Center of Educational Statistics' High School Longitudinal Study and utilizing critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, this article interrogates the relationship between mathematics identity and math success for a nationwide sample of Black secondary school students. More specifically, hierarchical regression modeling is employed to examine the relative impact of math identity, demographic variables, and school/parent social capital variables on the math grade point averages of this sample. The article ends with a discussion of specific steps for teaching mathematics that put the identity of those from traditionally marginalized communities at the center of mathematics instruction. Thus making experiences, histories, culture, and abilities essential elements of students' learning, that are to be supported and built upon.
Income, Equality, and Economic Development
Authors: Montenegro Alvaro 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis article proposes a simple and operational definition of development that combines the level of income per capita with a measure of income distribution.MethodFollowing the definition, an economic development index is constructed by averaging income per capita with Gini coefficients from the well‐known SWIID database.ResultsA ranking of countries is obtained for the proposed index, and it is compared to the rankings produced using the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI) and the GDP per capita.ConclusionThe results for the proposed index show interesting differences with the rankings produced by the HDI and the economists’ favorite GDP per capita.
Holes in the wall: Examining gaps in knowledge in child and adolescent mental health in Tanzania – Scoping review
Authors: Clarke Ellisiv , Boshe Judith , Spencer‐Rogers Amelia , Jacques Cara , Walker Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo perform scoping review of the existing literature available specific to child and adolescent mental health in Tanzania.MethodsAn extensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE was undertaken to identify studies that focussed specifically on mental illness in children and young people in Tanzania. This included neurological and functional disorders, affective disorders, psychosis, epidemiological, intervention and treatment‐based studies. Qualitative analysis of the studies was then undertaken to assess what is currently known about the subject and how reliable this information is and to identify areas for further research.ResultsOf 23 studies were included in the final synthesis, which could be broadly split into studies focussing on the prevalence and incidence of child and adolescent mental illness, hypothesised causes and correlations, identified treatments and interventions and qualitative studies of human experience.ConclusionThere is a dearth of published research regarding child and adolescent mental health in Tanzania. Although some high‐quality studies allow us good insight into the epidemiology of mental illness, interventional studies are often small and low‐power, and significant correlational relationships are yet to be drawn. There is significant scope for further child and adolescent mental health research in Tanzania.
Dimerization of the ETO1 family proteins plays a crucial role in regulating ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gu Shin‐Yuan , Lo Wan‐Sheng , Wu Shaw‐Jye , Wang Long‐Chi 
Published: December 2020

SummaryETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER1 (ETO1), ETO1‐LIKE1 (EOL1), and EOL2 are members of the Broad complex, Tramtrack, Bric‐a‐brac (BTB) protein family that collectively regulate type‐2 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although ETO1 and EOL1/EOL2 encode structurally related proteins, genetic studies suggest that they do not play an equivalent role in regulating ethylene biosynthesis. The mechanistic details underlying the genetic analysis remain elusive. In this study, we reveal that ETO1 collaborates with EOL1/2 to play a key role in the regulation of type‐2 ACS activity via protein–protein interactions. ETO1, EOL1, and EOL2 exhibit overlapping but distinct tissue‐specific expression patterns. Nevertheless, neither EOL1 nor EOL2 can fully complement the eto1 phenotype under control of the ETO1 promoter, which suggests differential functions of ETO1 and EOL1/EOL2. ETO1 forms homodimers with itself and heterodimers with EOLs. Furthermore, CULLIN3 (CUL3) interacts preferentially with ETO1. The BTB domain of ETO1 is sufficient for interaction with CUL3 and is required for homodimerization. However, domain‐swapping analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis suggests that the BTB domain of ETO1 is essential but not sufficient for a full spectrum of ETO1 function. The missense mutation in eto1‐5 generates a substitution of phenylalanine with an isoleucine in ETO1F466I that impairs its dimerization and interaction with EOLs but does not affect binding to CUL3 or ACS5. Overexpression of ETO1F466I in Arabidopsis results in a constitutive triple response phenotype in dark‐grown seedlings. Our findings reveal the mechanistic role of protein–protein interactions of ETO1 and EOL1/EOL2 that is crucial for their biological function in ethylene biosynthesis.
COVID‐19 associated with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy , Eichbaum Quentin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has many known disease associations, including autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, and certain infectious diseases, as well as various medications. Studies have found that severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may be associated with coagulopathies; however, the potential association with AIHA is not clear.Case ReportA patient with no known risk factors or underlying predisposition for developing AIHA presented to a hospital with vague symptoms and profound anemia with a complicated blood bank evaluation. She was found to have COVID‐19 and AIHA, for which extensive laboratory testing was performed, including direct antiglobulin tests, elution studies, and cold agglutinin titers, to identify the causative autoantibody. She required multiple blood transfusions and therapeutic interventions before clinical stabilization.DiscussionAIHA is a complex disease with a spectrum of presentations and clinical severity. Many diseases have been associated with a propensity for developing AIHA; however, there are few cases in the literature of patients with COVID‐19 and AIHA. Most of the reports involve patients with other underlying conditions that are known to be associated with the development of AIHA. The presentation, clinical findings, and therapeutic interventions in a patient with severe AIHA, without other underlying conditions, in the setting of COVID‐19 are discussed.ConclusionsThere are few reports of patients with concurrent COVID‐19 and AIHA, and the association is not clear. Although COVID‐19 has been shown to be associated with coagulopathies, more research is required to determine whether AIHA may also be a potential complication.
Caudal paramedian approach to cryptorchidectomy in 29 small ruminants (2011‐2019)
Authors: Haig Fallon M. , Baird Aubrey N. , Hawkins Jan F. , Moore George E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a caudal paramedian approach to cryptorchidectomy in small ruminants.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsSheep (n = 20) and goats (n = 9) with cryptorchidism.MethodsMedical records from January 2011 to July 2019 of small ruminants that underwent caudal paramedian cryptorchidectomy at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Data from animal signalment, operative and postoperative complications, and client satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsTwenty sheep and nine goats underwent caudal paramedian cryptorchidectomy during the study period. The median age of rams was 2 months, and the median age of bucks was 3 months; median weights for rams and bucks were 20.5 kg (range, 14.5‐41.3) and 28.1 kg (range, 12.9‐82), respectively. Cryptorchidism was bilateral in 27.6% (8/29) of cases and unilateral in 72.4% (21/29). Among unilateral cases, 85.7% (18/21) were right sided and 14.3% (3/21) were left sided. Twenty‐four of 29 (82.8%) cases were performed under sedation. One operative complication occurred in a 4‐year‐old 82 kg buck (rate, 3.4% [95% CI: 0.1%–17.2%]). Postoperatively, there were two minor and one major complications (rates, 6.9% [95% CI: 0.8%–22.1%] and 3.4% [95% CI: 0.1%–17.2%], respectively). Long‐term follow‐up (range, 8‐117 months) reports described owner satisfaction and all animals doing well at the time of follow‐up telephone call.ConclusionCaudal paramedian approach to cryptorchidectomy was safely performed in small ruminants less than 4 months old.Clinical significance: Ease of surgical technique, minimal operative and postoperative complications, and owner satisfaction make this a suitable method for cryptorchidectomy.
Assessing phylogeographic variation in the Rosyside Dace (Teleostei, Leuciscidae), a widespread morphologically variable taxon
Authors: Weyand Courtney A. , Piller Kyle R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClinostomus (Leuciscidae) is a wide‐ranging freshwater fish genus that occurs throughout eastern North America and southern portions of Canada with two species currently recognized: C. elongatus and C. funduloides. A previous taxonomic study of C. funduloides recognized two subspecies (estor and funduloides) and one diagnosed, but undescribed subspecies based on morphological characteristics and geographic distribution. In this study, we used three molecular markers (cytochrome b, S7 intron 1 and growth hormone intron 4) to test the three lineage hypothesis and evaluate genetic variation of C. funduloides across the range using Bayesian inference. Our results indicate that C. funduloides is not monophyletic, as individuals of C. elongatus nest within C. funduloides in both the mtDNA and nDNA phylogenetic analyses, although the position of C. elongatus varies between data sets. In addition, some of the recovered clades are deeply divergent from one another, further supporting the distinctiveness of many of the populations. Overall, these results suggest that subspecies designations are not warranted and a taxonomic revision is needed as Clinostomus is likely more diverse than is currently recognized.
Association of Jumping Ability and Maximum Strength With Dive Distance in Swimmers
Authors: Calderbank Jessica A. , Comfort Paul , McMahon John J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dive distance (DD) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, track start CMJ height, countermovement broad jump (CMBJ) distance, track start broad jump distance, and isometric midthigh pull peak force and relative peak force.Methods:A total of 27 (11 female and 16 male) regional-national-international-standard swimmers (mean [SD]; age = 19.5 [5.5] y; mass = 69.3 [10.5] kg; height = 1.77 [0.09] m) performed 3 trials of a track start dive, CMJ, track start CMJ, CMBJ, track start broad jump, and isometric midthigh pull.Results:Data were separated into pooled (females and males combined), females, and males. Large to very large correlations were found between DD and all variables tested for pooled data (r = .554–.853,P < .001–.008), with DD-CMBJ displaying the highest correlation (r = .853,P < .001). CMBJ accounted for 70% of the variance in DD. Females demonstrated moderate nonsignificant correlations between DD isometric midthigh pull (r = .379,P < .125). Males demonstrated very large significant correlations between DD-CMJ (r = .761,P < .001).Conclusions:DD demonstrated strong correlations with jump performances and multijoint isometric force production in pooled data. Males showed stronger correlations than females due to being stronger and being able to perform the jumping/strength tasks to a higher standard. Enhanced jump performance and increased maximal force production may, therefore, enhance DD in swimmers.
Towards rational use of baffle arrays on sloped and horizontal terrain for filtering boulders
Authors: Goodwin G.R. , Choi C.E. , Yune C.-Y. 
Published: December 2020

Baffle arrays are used to filter boulders from granular flows, such that the impact load exerted on barriers is reduced. However, current guidelines provide limited recommendations on baffle design. In this study, a calibrated discrete element method model was used to model boulders entrained in a bulk granular assembly interacting with baffles and a terminal rigid barrier. Different baffle spacings relative to the boulder diameter (1 < s/δ < 4) were considered. A ratio of s/δ = 1 is recommended for reducing the impact load by up to 80%, whilst s/δ = 4 renders an array of baffles inadequate for filtration. The optimum configuration is a staggered array with three rows of baffles on a horizontal plane in front of a barrier. This layout reduces the peak discharge by up to four times more than a similar array on sloping terrain, compared to channels without baffles. Furthermore, the transition from sloping terrain to a horizontal plane works together with the array of baffles to dissipate flow kinetic energy. On the horizontal plane, baffles attenuate the flow velocity more as the Froude number Fr increases, implying that baffles should be used if high Fr values are anticipated. Finally, guidance is provided on estimating load attenuation from boulder filtration.