bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Different Uniflow Scavenging Options for a Medium-Duty 2-Stroke Engine for a U.S. Light-Truck Application
Authors: Turner J. W. G. , Head R. A. , Wijetunge R. , Chang J. , Engineer N. , Blundell D. W. , Burke P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The work presented here seeks to compare different means of providing uniflow scavenging for a 2-stroke engine suitable to power a U.S. light-duty truck. Through the “end-to-end” nature of the uniflow scavenging process, it can in theory provide improved gas-exchange characteristics for such an engine operating cycle; furthermore, because the exhaust leaves at one end and the fresh charge enters at the other, the full circumference of the cylinder can be used for the ports for each flow, and therefore, for a given gas exchange angle-area demand, expansion can theoretically be maximized over more traditional loop-scavenging approaches. This gives a further thermodynamic advantage. The three different configurations studied, which could all utilize uniflow scavenging, were the opposed piston, the poppet-valve with piston-controlled intake ports, and the sleeve valve. These are described and all are compared in terms of indicated fuel consumption for the same cylinder swept volume, compression ratio, and exhaust pressure, for the same target indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and indicated specific power. A new methodology for optimization was developed using a one-dimensional engine simulation package which also took into account charging system work. The charging system was assumed to be a combination of supercharger and turbocharger to permit some waste energy recovery. As a result of this work, it was found that the opposed-piston configuration provides the best attributes since it allows maximum expansion and minimum heat transfer. Its advantage over the other two (whose results were very close) was of the order of 8.3% in terms of net specific fuel consumption (NSFC) (defined as indicted specific fuel consumption (ISFC) net of supercharger power). Part of its advantage also stems from its requirement for minimum air supply system work, included in this NSFC value. Interestingly, it was found that existing experiential guidelines for port angle-area specification for loop-scavenged, piston-ported engines using crankcase compression could also be applied to all of the other scavenging types. This has not been demonstrated before. The optimization process that was subsequently developed allowed port design to be tailored to specific targets, in this case lowest NSFC. The paper therefore presents a fundamental comparison of scavenging systems using a new approach, providing new insights and information which have not been shown before.
Modifying Stride Length in Isolation and in Combination With Foot Progression Angle and Step Width Can Improve Knee Kinetics Related to Osteoarthritis; A Preliminary Study in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Edd Shannon N. , Bennour Sami , Ulrich Baptiste , Jolles Brigitte M. , Favre Julien 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of modifying stride length (SL) on knee adduction and flexion moments, two markers of knee loading associated with medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. This study also tested if SL modifications, in addition to foot progression angle (FP) and step width (SW) modifications, provide solutions in more subjects for reducing knee adduction moment (KAM) without increasing knee flexion moment (KFM), potentially protecting the joint. Fourteen healthy subjects (six female) were enrolled in this preliminary study. Walking trials were collected first without instructions, and then following foot placement instructions for 50 combinations of SL, FP, and SW modifications. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect group-average effects of footprint modifications on maximum KAM and KFM and on KAM impulse. Subject-specific dose–responses between footprint modifications and kinetics changes were modeled with linear regressions, and the models were used to identify modification solutions, per subject, for various kinetics change conditions. Shorter SL significantly decreased the three kinetics measures (p &lt; 0.01). Potential solutions for 10% reductions in maximum KAM and KAM impulse without increasing maximum KFM were identified for five subjects with FP and SW modifications. A significantly higher proportion of subjects had solutions when adding SL modifications (11 subjects, p = 0.04). In conclusion, SL is a valuable parameter to modify, especially in combination with FP and SW modifications, to reduce markers of medial knee loading. Future work is needed to extend these findings to osteoarthritic knees.
Prevalence and risk factors of tinea pedis in Georgian Defense Forces
Authors: Kintsurashvili Nana , Kvlividze O , Galdava G 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTinea pedis is a widely spread infection among military personnel. The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis and its associated risk factors in Georgian Defense Forces.MethodsA cross-sectional study including interviews and clinical and laboratory examination was performed among randomly selected Georgian soldiers and civilians, after getting the signed consent form from them. In the selected population with clinical evidence of tinea pedis, scrapings were taken for direct microscopic examination. Statistical Package for Social Sciences V.22.0 was used for ststistical analysis.ResultsOut of 729 soldiers, tinea pedis was clinically observed in 46.64% (n=340) and laboratory-confirmed in 25.24% (n=184) of cases, while out of 279 civilians, tinea pedis was found in 21.86% (n=61) and approved in 13.98%(n=39). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tinea pedis is correlated with the age and military ranks but is not associated with the length of military service. Using a communal shower (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) and having tinea pedis before military service (OR=3.27, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.96) increase the chances of tinea pedis development, though using two or more pairs of the military boots interchangeably decreases the spread of disease (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.29).ConclusionsAccording to our research analysis, the prevalence of tinea pedis among Georgian militaries is significantly higher than that in the civilians. It is necessary to develop a large-scale strategy and to implement appropriate preventive measures to minimise the discomfort caused by this disease.
Complications and outcomes of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease in China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zang Xiujuan , Du Xiu , Li Lin , Mei Changlin 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the complications and survival of elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who received urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) or urgent-start haemodialysis (USHD), and to explore the value of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as the emergent dialysis method for elderly patients with ESRD.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary care hospitals in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsChinese patients (n=542) >65 years of age with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤15 mL/min/m2who received urgent-start dialysis between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015, and with at least 3 months of treatment. Patients who converted to other dialysis methods, regardless of the initial dialysis method, were excluded, as well as those with comorbidities that could significantly affect their dialysis outcomes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDialysis-related complications and survival were compared. Patients were followed until death, stopped PD, transfer to other dialysis centres, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2016.ResultsThere were 309 patients in the USPD group and 233 in the USHD group. The rate of dialysis-related complications within 30 days after catheter implantation was significantly lower in the USPD group compared with the USHD group (4.5% vs 10.7%, p=0.031). The 6-month and 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates were 95.3%, 91.4%, 86.6% and 64.8% in the USPD group, and 92.2%, 85.7%, 70.2% and 57.8% in the USHD group, respectively (p=0.023). The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that USHD (HR=2.220, 95% CI 1.298 to 3.790; p=0.004), age (HR=1.025, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.043, p<0.001) and hypokalaemia (HR=0.678, 95% CI 0.487 to 0.970; p=0.032) were independently associated with death.ConclusionsUSPD was associated with slightly better survival compared with USHD. USPD was associated with fewer complications and better survival than USHD in elderly patients with ESRD.
Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection (LIMIT-HPV): design and methods for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Laurie Cassandra , El-Zein Mariam , Tota Joseph , Tellier Pierre-Paul , Coutlée Francois , Franco Eduardo L , de Pokomandy Alexandra 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionGay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated diseases, such as anal cancer and anogenital warts. A carrageenan-based lubricant could prevent HPV infection, thereby reducing the disease burden in this population. This paper describes the protocol for the Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection (LIMIT-HPV) study, an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT), evaluating efficacy of a carrageenan-based personal lubricant in reducing type-specific anal HPV incidence and prevalence among sexually active gbMSM, efficacy by HIV status, safety and tolerability of the gel and participant adherence to the intervention.Methods and analysisThe study is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled RCT. Volunteer gbMSM 18 years and older are randomly assigned 1:1 to receive the treatment (a self-applied anal microbicide gel with carrageenan) or placebo (a self-applied placebo gel). At each visit, computerised questionnaires are used to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical variables, lifestyle, sexual behaviour and the gels’ safety and tolerability. At baseline and each follow-up visit (months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12), nurses collect anal specimens tested for 36 HPV types (linear array assay). HIV status is determined at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome is incidence of type-specific anal HPV infection(s) undetected at baseline. Secondary outcomes are prevalence of type-specific anal HPV infection, safety, tolerability and adherence. We aim to recruit 380 participants to attain the study’s objectives. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches with subgroup analyses by HIV status.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained by the Research Ethics Boards of McGill University, the McGill University Health Centre, Concordia University and Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal. Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02354144.
Systematic review of qualitative studies on participants in the decision-making process about the location of care of the elderly
Authors: Serrano-Gemes Gema , Rich-Ruiz Manuel , Serrano-del-Rosal Rafael 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo understand who are the participants in the decision-making process about the location of care of the elderly.DesignSystematic review of qualitative studies.Data sourcesThe following databases were consulted: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SciELO (from the beginning until 29 November 2017). The bibliographical references in the studies that were finally included in the review were also searched.Study selectionThe studies had to deal with the decision-making process (already experienced by the participants) on the location of care of the elderly (adults who are 65 or older), had to use a qualitative methodology and had to be written in English or Spanish.Data extraction and synthesisA data extraction tool was used. Data analysis was conducted through the constant comparative method from Glaser and Strauss’ grounded theory.Results46 studies were included in this review. Most of them were carried out in the USA, and in 21 of them the study population focused exclusively on the elderly. This review has found that there are many participants, with different roles and degrees of involvement, who may act jointly, separately or sequentially. These participants may be: the elders, family members, professionals and other relevant.ConclusionsThe main result of this review has been the variability found on how this decision is made, even varying the way of acting/perceiving the situation of the involved persons on certain occasions, simply due to the influence of some of the other groups of participants studied. Besides, this review has focused its results on the main participant in this process, the elders and how their family members interact with them when it comes to making this decision. This has allowed relevant results to be obtained about roles and degrees of involvement.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018084826.
Top oil heat distribution pattern of ONAN corn oil based transformer with presence of hot spot study using FEMM
Authors: Husin M. A. , Azlin binti Othman Nordiana , Muhammad N. A. , Kamarden H. , Kamarudin M. S. 
Published: March 2020

Transformer thermal modelling is a crucial aspect to be considered as this may help the determination of heat capacity of transformer. This paper present, simulation study on Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN) transformer heat distribution pattern with and without presence of hot spot temperature (HST). This paper aims to compare the effects of different HST value at different locations inside the transformer unit as well as to evaluate the top oil thermal behaviour of corn oil as cooling mechanism in a transformer. To achieve aforementioned objectives, three HSTs were introduced to the 30 MVA transformer winding to find the total heat build-up in the top of the transformer tank. The outcome of thermal properties is examined using x-y temperature plot. From the results found that the location of HST affects overall transformer’s temperature. HST at the top of the winding give a significant effect compared to when HST is at the bottom of the winding. It is also evident that the usage of corn oil reduced the temperature distribution of the transformer. The findings suggest that the temperature distribution study especially on transformer is important to monitor in-service transformer in a non-invasive manner.
Performance of europium aluminium doped polymer optical waveguide amplifier
Authors: Saris Nur Najahatul Huda , Hamzah Azura , Ambran Sumiaty , Mikami Osamu , Ishigure Takaki 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the graded index (GI) multimode rare-earth metal (RE-M) doped polymer optical waveguide amplifier has been prepared and tested optically. A 10-cm Europium Aluminum Benzyl Methacrylate ( was fabricated via a unique technique known as the “Mosquito Method” which utilizes a micro-dispenser machine. Optical gain from 75 to 150 µm circular core diameter waveguide of 13 wt.% concentration has been demonstrated and measured under forward pumping condition. The cladding monomer deployed in this research is Acrylate resin XCL01, which is a modified photocurable acrylate material. Fundamentally, -30 decibel (dBm) red light signal input and 23 dBm pump power of 532 nm green laser wavelength is implemented within the range of 580 to 640 nm optical amplification wavelength. A maximum gain of 12.96 dB at 617 nm wavelength has been obtained for a 100 µm core diameter of Eu-Al polymer optical waveguide. The effect of different coupler diameter for pumping and the comparison of insertion loss before and after amplification against the performance of the Eu-Al polymer waveguide amplifier are also studied. There exists an optimum core diameter of which the amplifier gain enhancement is at maximum value.
Review on gamification in children computer interaction (CCI) for persona modelling
Authors: Mohd Khir Nor Haniza binti , Ismail Marina 
Published: March 2020

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) plays an important role in connecting humans and computers. Many studies conducted to find better alternatives to improve communication between humans and computers. Various frameworks, catalogue and models revised to complement the lack of existing ideas. The growing technology is increasingly being used by not only adults but also children. However, many applications developed do not fully emphasize the use of HCI suitable for children. Thus, Children Computer Interaction (CCI) created to meet the specific needs of children. Yet, there are still many CCI weaknesses being improved to overcome various problems from time to time. One of the ideas presented is through gamification, which is fun and enjoyable in accordance with the nature of the children. Still, the use of gamification is not as simple as adding some game elements into children's apps, but wider to ensure success in achieving the objectives of the developed application. One way that matter is through the use of user-centered design-persona model. So, this paper reviewed the use of current HCI/CCI, gamification and modified the previously proposed design principles in HCI for children into interview questions for data collection which will be analyzed later to create persona model for future work.
Approximate instantneous current in RLC circuit
Authors: Jena Saumya Ranjan , Nayak Damayanti 
Published: March 2020

In this study, a mixed rule of degree of precision nine has been developed and implemented in the field of electrical sciences to obtain the instantaneous current in the RLC- circuit for particular value .The linearity has been performed with the Volterra’s integral equation of second kind with particular kernel . Then the definite integral has been evaluated through the mixed quadrature to obtain the numerical result which is very effective. A polynomial has been used to evaluate Volterra’s integral equation in the place of unknown functions. The accuracy of the proposed method has been tested taking different electromotive force in the circuit and absolute error has been estimated.
Investigation of white blood cell biomaker model for acute lymphoblastic leukemia detection based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Nabilah Mohd Safuan Syadia , Razali Md Tomari Mohd , Nurshazwani Wan Zakaria Wan , Norzali Hj Mohd Mohd , Suriani Nor Surayahani 
Published: March 2020

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a disease that is defined by uncontrollable growth of malignant and immature White Blood Cells (WBCs) which is called lymphoblast. Traditionally, lymphoblast analysis is done manually and highly dependent on the pathologist’s skill and experience which sometimes yields inaccurate result. For that reason, in this project an algorithm to automatically detect WBC and subsequently examine ALL disease using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed. Several pretrained CNN models which are VGG, GoogleNet and Alexnet were analaysed to compare its performance for differentiating lymphoblast and non-lymphoblast cells from IDB database. The tuning is done by experimenting the convolution layer, pooling layer and fully connected layer. Technically, 70% of the images are used for training and another 30% for testing. From the experiments, it is found that the best pretrained models are VGG and GoogleNet compared to AlexNet by achieving 100% accuracy for training. As for testing, VGG obtained the highest performance which is 99.13% accuracy. Apart from that, VGG also proven to have better result based on the training graph which is more stable and contains less error compared to the other two models.
Linear quadratic regulator and pole placement for stabilizing a cart inverted pendulum system
Authors: Fauziyah Mila , Amalia Zakiyah , Siradjuddin Indrazno , Dewatama Denda , Wicaksono Rendi Pambudi , Yudaningtyas Erni 
Published: March 2020

The system of a cart inverted pendulum has many problems such as nonlinearity, complexity, unstable, and underactuated system. It makes this system be a benchmark for testing many control algorithm. This paper presents a comparison between 2 conventional control methods consist of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and pole placement. The comparison indicated by the most optimal steps and results in the system performance that obtained from each method for stabilizing a cart inverted pendulum system. A mathematical model of DC motor and mechanical transmission are included in a mathematical model to minimize the realtime implementation problem. From the simulation, the obtained system performance shows that each method has its advantages, and the desired pendulum angle and cart position reached.
ПРЕКОНЦЕПЦІЙНИЙ ВІДБІР ЖІНОК ГРУПИ ВИСОКОГО РИЗИКУ РОЗВИТКУ ПІЗНЬОГО ГЕСТОЗУ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Khmil S. V. , Malanchuk L. M. , Franchuk U. Ya. 
Published: March 2020

Мета дослідження – оптимізувати сучасні погляди на методи діагностики вагітних жінок групи високого ризику розвитку пізнього гестозу.
Прееклампсія (ПЕ) продовжує залишатися актуальною медико-соціальною проблемою, оскільки це широко розповсюджена патологія з високим ризиком ускладнень. Незважаючи на досягнення сучасної медицини, у світовій структурі материнської смертності впродовж останніх десяти років прееклампсія стабільно посідає 3-тє місце після кровотеч і сепсису. Стосовно патогенезу гестозу хоч і залишається велика кількість нез’ясованих причин, основні його положення є визначеними. Визнано, що центральною патогенетичною ланкою є генералізована дисфункція ендотелію. Враховуючи багатофакторний вплив на процеси ангіогенезу при вагітності, динамічність цих змін, а також принцип «вадного кола», який проявляється при ПЕ, вчені провели дослідження концентрації sFlt-1 та його головного антагоніста – плацентарного фактора роста PlGF, а також їх співвідношення у вагітних із різним ступенем тяжкості ПЕ та супутніми ускладненнями. У світовій медичній практиці можна знайти безліч публікацій, присвячених можливостям прогнозування розвитку ПЕ взагалі, а також тяжких її форм. Серед останніх – інсулінорезистентність та порушення ліпідного обміну, генетичний поліморфізм генів, що визначають функцію ендотеліальної NO-синтетази, артеріовенозний показник (співвідношення пульсаційного індексу грудного відділу аорти та пульсаційного індексу нижньої порожнистої вени), підвищений сироватковий вміст сечової кислоти в першому триместрі вагітності. Відсутність ефективних методів профілактики ПЕ різко зменшує цінність всіх прогностичних тестів.
Висновок. Відсутність ефективних методів профілактики ПЕ різко зменшує цінність всіх прогностичних тестів, тому важливим є вивчення питання сучасних методів діагностики пізнього гестозу з метою профілактування даної патології.