bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centering the Margins
Authors: Quave Kylie E. , Fie Shannon M. , Greiff AmySue Qing Qing , Agnew Drew Alis 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTTeaching introductory archaeology courses in U.S. higher education typically falls short in two important ways: the courses do not represent the full picture of who contributes to reconstructing the past, and they do not portray the contemporary and future relevance of the archaeological past. In this article, we use anti-colonial and decolonial theories to explain the urgency of revising the introductory archaeology curriculum for promoting equity in the discipline and beyond. We detail the pedagogical theories we employed in revising an introductory archaeology course at a small liberal arts college in the United States and the specific changes we made to course structure, content, and teaching strategies. To examine the impacts on enrolled students and on who chose to enroll in the revised archaeology curriculum, we analyze student reflection essays and enrollment demographics. We found that students developed more complex understandings of the benefits and harms of archaeological knowledge production and could articulate how to address archaeology's inequities. We also found that enrollment in archaeology courses at the college shifted to include greater proportions of students of color. These results support the notion that introductory archaeology courses should be substantially and continually revised.
Gust load alleviation for flexible aircraft using discrete-time preview control
Authors: Khalil A. , Fezans N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTurbulence and gusts cause variations in the aerodynamic forces and moments applied to the structure of aircraft, resulting in passenger discomfort and dynamic loads on the structure that it must be designed to support. By designing Gust Load Alleviation (GLA) systems, two objectives can be achieved: first, realizing higher passenger comfort; and second, reducing the dynamic structural loads, which allows the design of lighter structures. In this paper, a methodology for designing combined feedback/feedforward GLA systems is proposed. The methodology relies on the availability of a wind profile ahead of the aircraft measured by a Doppler LIDAR sensor, and is based on $H_{\infty}$-optimal control techniques and a discrete-time preview-control problem formulation. Moreover, to allow design trade-offs between those two objectives (to achieve design flexibility) as well as to allow specification of robustness criteria, a variant of the problem using multi-channel $H_{\infty}$-optimal control techniques is introduced. The methodology developed in this paper is intended to be applied to large aircraft, e.g. transport aircraft or business jets. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology in accounting for the measured wind profile to achieve the two mentioned objectives, while ensuring both design flexibility and controller robustness and optimality.
Kapsulotaenia tidswelli– an unusual cestode from the Australian goannasVaranus gouldii gouldiiandV. giganteus
Authors: Thompson R.C.A. , Keatley S. , Elliot A. , Clode P.L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKapsulotaenia tidswelliis a proteocephalidean cestode that utilizes varanid lizards as definitive hosts. Fresh specimens of this cestode were observed with endogenous red pigmentation in the neck region that disappeared rapidly if specimens were not preserved in glutaraldehyde. The ultrastructural characteristics of the red pigment, which are described, suggest it is a carotenoid. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a close relationship betweenK. tidswelliand other species ofKapsulotaeniafor which sequence information is available. There is thus no reason to consider that the red pigmentation is becauseK. tidswelliis atypical, and it is proposed the carotenoids are likely to be associated with the diet of its varanid host.
The prevalence and practice of soil balancing among organic corn farmers
Authors: Brock Caroline , Jackson-Smith Douglas , Kumarappan Subbu , Culman Steve , Doohan Douglas , Herms Cathy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scientific community and most mainstream agriculturalists typically design fertilizer recommendations to provide a ‘sufficient level of available nutrients’ to meet the annual N, P and K requirements of common field crops. Soil balancing is another approach to managing soil fertility that focuses on the levels of Ca, Mg and K to achieve a desired base cation saturation ratio (BCSR). Soil balancing is believed to be practiced frequently by organic and other alternative farmers but is viewed skeptically by conventional agricultural scientists due to a lack of support for the idea in the published scientific literature. This study represents a pioneering effort to collect systematic data on the extent of soil balancing, how it is practiced and the types of outcomes reported by organic farmers. Our survey of over 850 farmers who grow certified organic corn in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania found that over half report using a soil-balancing approach based on BCSR. Their practice of soil balancing frequently includes more than management of base cations, but also uses a wide range of soil amendment products (such as purchased organic NPK fertilizers, micronutrients, microbial stimulants and soil inoculants) other than those applied specifically for cation balance. Farms that rely on vegetable and dairy production for most of their income, and Amish farmers who rely on horses for fieldwork, were more likely to report using a soil-balancing program. Self-described soil balancers perceived positive agronomic outcomes from the use of a BCSR program, including improvements in soil physical and biological properties and improved crop health and quality. Although farmers in our study report extensive use and positive perceived outcomes from soil-balancing methods, the scientific research literature has been unable to reproduce evidence that manipulating soil base cation levels has any systematic effect on crop yield. Future research could consider the interacting effects of BCSR with other field management practices to more closely approximate the actual practices of farmers.
On the Origin of Donut‐Shaped Electron Distributions Within Magnetic Cavities
Authors: Li Jing‐Huan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Yang Fan , Fu Suiyan , Yao Shutao , Liu Ji , Shi Quanqi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetic cavities, also known as magnetic holes, are ubiquitous in space plasmas characterized by depressed magnetic strength and enhanced plasma pressure. Most of the observed cavities are associated with anisotropic particle distributions with higher fluxes in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Recent observations of kinetic‐scale magnetic cavities have identified another type of electron distributions in the pitch angle spectrum, the so‐called donut‐shaped distributions, although their formation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present a simplistic model of cavity shrinkage and deepening, in which electrons are traced backward in time to the initial, equilibrium‐state cavity. The resulting electron distributions, determined from Liouville's theorem, agree with the observations in the presence of donut‐shaped pitch angle structures. The model also enables a quantitative evaluation on the roles of betatron cooling, radial transport, and pitch angle variations in the formation of donut‐shaped electron distributions within evolving magnetic cavities.
Deep Structure of the Grenada Basin From Wide‐Angle Seismic, Bathymetric and Gravity Data
Authors: Padron Crelia , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Marcaillou Boris , Lebrun Jean‐Frédéric , Lallemand Serge , Garrocq Clément , Laigle Mireille , Roest Walter R , Beslier Marie‐Odile , Schenini Laure , Graindorge David , Gay Aurelien , Audemard Franck , Münch Philippe ,   the GARANTI Cruise Team
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Grenada back‐arc basin is located between the Aves Ridge, which hosted the remnant Early Paleogene “Great Caribbean Arc,” and the Eocene to Present Lesser Antilles Arc. Several earlier studies have proposed different modes of back‐arc opening for this basin, including N‐S and E‐W directions. The main aim of this study is to constrain the circumstances leading to the opening of the basin. Three combined wide‐angle and reflection seismic profiles were acquired in the Grenada basin. The final velocity models from forward travel time and gravity modeling image variations in thickness and velocity structure of the sedimentary and crustal layers.The sedimentary cover has a variable thickness between 1 km on top of the ridges to ∼10 km in the basin. North of Guadeloupe Island, the crust is ∼20 km thick without significant changes between Aves Ridge, the Grenada basin, and the Eocene and present Lesser Antilles arc. South of Guadeloupe Island the Grenada basin is underlain by a oceanic crust of mainly magmatic origin over a width of ∼80 km. Here, the western flank of the Lesser Antilles Arc, the crust is 17.5‐km thick. The velocity structure of the Lesser Antilles Arc is typical of volcanic arcs or oceanic plateaus. West of the basin, the crust thickens to 25 km at Aves Ridge in an 80–100 km wide arc‐ocean transition zone. The narrowness of this transition zone suggests that opening might have proceeded in a direction oblique to the main convergence. Opening probably was accompanied by moderate volcanism.
Electrically and magnetically switchable nonlinear photocurrent in РТ-symmetric magnetic topological quantum materials
Authors: Wang Hua , Qian Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNonlinear photocurrent in time-reversal invariant noncentrosymmetric systems such as ferroelectric semimetals sparked tremendous interest of utilizing nonlinear optics to characterize condensed matter with exotic phases. Here we provide a microscopic theory of two types of second-order nonlinear direct photocurrents, magnetic shift photocurrent (MSC) and magnetic injection photocurrent (MIC), as the counterparts of normal shift current (NSC) and normal injection current (NIC) in time-reversal symmetry and inversion symmetry broken systems. We show that MSC is mainly governed by shift vector and interband Berry curvature, and MIC is dominated by absorption strength and asymmetry of the group velocity difference at time-reversed ±k points. Taking $${\cal{P}}{\cal{T}}$$

P
T

-symmetric magnetic topological quantum material bilayer antiferromagnetic (AFM) MnBi2Te4 as an example, we predict the presence of large MIC in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime which can be switched between two AFM states with time-reversed spin orderings upon magnetic transition. In addition, external electric field breaks $${\cal{P}}{\cal{T}}$$

P
T

symmetry and enables large NSC response in bilayer AFM MnBi2Te4, which can be switched by external electric field. Remarkably, both MIC and NSC are highly tunable under varying electric field due to the field-induced large Rashba and Zeeman splitting, resulting in large nonlinear photocurrent response down to a few THz regime, suggesting bilayer AFM-z MnBi2Te4 as a tunable platform with rich THz and magneto-optoelectronic applications. Our results reveal that nonlinear photocurrent responses governed by NSC, NIC, MSC, and MIC provide a powerful tool for deciphering magnetic structures and interactions which could be particularly fruitful for probing and understanding magnetic topological quantum materials.
Optimization and validation of diffusion MRI-based fiber tracking with neural tracer data as a reference
Authors: Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Skibbe Henrik , Nakae Ken , Tsukada Hiromichi , Lienard Jean , Watakabe Akiya , Hata Junichi , Reisert Marco , Woodward Alexander , Yamaguchi Yoko , Yamamori Tetsuo , Okano Hideyuki , Ishii Shin , Doya Kenji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) allows non-invasive investigation of whole-brain connectivity, which can reveal the brain’s global network architecture and also abnormalities involved in neurological and mental disorders. However, the reliability of connection inferences from dMRI-based fiber tracking is still debated, due to low sensitivity, dominance of false positives, and inaccurate and incomplete reconstruction of long-range connections. Furthermore, parameters of tracking algorithms are typically tuned in a heuristic way, which leaves room for manipulation of an intended result. Here we propose a general data-driven framework to optimize and validate parameters of dMRI-based fiber tracking algorithms using neural tracer data as a reference. Japan’s Brain/MINDS Project provides invaluable datasets containing both dMRI and neural tracer data from the same primates. A fundamental difference when comparing dMRI-based tractography and neural tracer data is that the former cannot specify the direction of connectivity; therefore, evaluating the fitting of dMRI-based tractography becomes challenging. The framework implements multi-objective optimization based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Its performance is examined in two experiments using data from ten subjects for optimization and six for testing generalization. The first uses a seed-based tracking algorithm, iFOD2, and objectives for sensitivity and specificity of region-level connectivity. The second uses a global tracking algorithm and a more refined set of objectives: distance-weighted coverage, true/false positive ratio, projection coincidence, and commissural passage. In both experiments, with optimized parameters compared to default parameters, fiber tracking performance was significantly improved in coverage and fiber length. Improvements were more prominent using global tracking with refined objectives, achieving an average fiber length from 10 to 17 mm, voxel-wise coverage of axonal tracts from 0.9 to 15%, and the correlation of target areas from 40 to 68%, while minimizing false positives and impossible cross-hemisphere connections. Optimized parameters showed good generalization capability for test brain samples in both experiments, demonstrating the flexible applicability of our framework to different tracking algorithms and objectives. These results indicate the importance of data-driven adjustment of fiber tracking algorithms and support the validity of dMRI-based tractography, if appropriate adjustments are employed.
Novel use of a chemically modified siRNA for robust and sustainable in vivo gene silencing in the retina
Authors: Taniguchi Takazumi , Endo Ken-ichi , Tanioka Hidetoshi , Sasaoka Masaaki , Tashiro Kei , Kinoshita Shigeru , Kageyama Masaaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite efficient and specific in vitro knockdown, more reliable and convenient methods for in vivo knockdown of target genes remain to be developed particularly for retinal research. Using commercially available and chemically modified siRNA so-called Accell siRNA, we established a novel in vivo gene silencing approach in the rat retina. siRNA designed for knockdown of the house keeping gene Gapdh or four retinal cell type-specific genes (Nefl, Pvalb, Rho and Opn1sw) was injected into the vitreous body, and their retinal mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR. Intravitreal injection of siRNA for Gapdh resulted in approximately 40–70% reduction in its retinal mRNA levels, which lasted throughout a 9-day study period. Furthermore, all the selected retinal specific genes were efficiently down-regulated by 60–90% following intravitreal injection, suggesting injected siRNA penetrated into major retinal cell types. These findings were consistent with uniform distribution of a fluorescence-labeled siRNA injected into the vitreous body. Interestingly, gene silencing of Grin1, a core subunit of NMDA receptor, was accompanied by significant prevention from NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell death. Thus, we provide single intravitreal injection of Accell siRNA as a versatile technique for robust and sustainable in vivo retinal gene silencing to characterize their biological functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Primary Non-Refluxing Megaureter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rohner Katharina , Mazzi Sara , Buder Kathrin , Weitz Marcus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Knowledge of the baseline risk of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter can help clinicians to make informed decisions for offering continuous antibiotic prophylaxis.
Objective The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine the pooled prevalence of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter selected for primary non-surgical management independent of associated attributed risk factors at initial presentation in order to assess the value of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis.
Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register electronic databases were searched for eligible studies without language and time restriction. The systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018104752).
Results Of 25 871 records, 16 studies (n=749 patients) were eligible for inclusion. The overall pooled prevalence of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter was 14.35% (95% confidence interval: 8.8–22.6). The calculated number needed to treat for patients on continuous antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent one single febrile urinary tract infection over the course of 1–2 years would be 4.3.
Conclusion Based on the current available evidence the use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for children with PM selected for primary non-surgical treatment should be taken into consideration, at least in patients with urinary outflow impairment, higher grade of ureteral dilatation, and for children in the first months of life.
Catalytic Reactions by Heterobimetallic Carbonyl Complexes with Polar Metal–Metal Interactions
Authors: Mankad Neal P. , Yu Hsien-Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeterobinuclear catalysts capable of bimetallic cooperative bond activation provide an alternative pathway to approach the discovery of novel and unique reactivity and selectivity in catalytic transformations, complementing more traditional mononuclear precious metal catalysts. This review summarizes recent advances in homogenous catalysis using heterobimetallic carbonyl catalysts with polar metal–metal interactions.1	Introduction2	Hydrogenation and Hydrofunctionalization3	Carbonylation and Carboxylation4	Oxidative Transformations5	Conclusion and Outlook
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-60 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 60Co to include the 2017 result of the PTB (Germany) and the 2018 result of the TAEK (Turkey)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Kossert K , Marganiec-Gałązka J , Nähle O , Yeltepe E , Dirican A 
Published: December 2020

Main text
Since 1976, 28 laboratories have submitted 72 samples of 60Co to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)- K1.Co-60. Recently, the PTB (Germany) and the TAEK (Turkey) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated to include the PTB result. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Key Comparison CCQM-K73.2018 Amount Content of H+ in Hydrochloric Acid (0.1 mol·kg−1)
Authors: Bastkowski F , Sander B , Lozano H , Puelles M , Snedden A , Deleebeeck L , Asakai T , Hwang E , Jo K , Ortiz-Aparicio J L , Montero-Ruiz J , Roziková M , Kozlowski W , Quezada H T , Morales L V , Ahumada D A , Borges P P , Neves R S , Sobral S P , Uysal E , Liv L , Prokunin S , Dobrovolskyi V , Stoica D , Wu B , Ma L , Máriássy M , Hanková Z , Sobina A , Shimolin A 
Published: December 2020

Main text
The CCQM key comparison K73.2018 is a follow-up comparison of CCQM-K73. It was performed to demonstrate the capability of the participating institutes to measure the amount content of H+ in hydrochloric acid of 0.1 mol·kg−1 molality. 16 NMIs participated in this comparison. The comparison was coordinated by PTB. The sample showed a slight but significant instability by loss of water of around 0.11 μmol kg−1d−1 corresponding to 0.02 % over the measurement period. Therefore, the results were corrected for this instability. The results of this key comparison show good equivalence between the majority of participants. The equivalence is significantly better compared to the first comparison CCQM-K73.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Constraining teleparallel gravity through Gaussian processes
Authors: Briffa Rebecca , Capozziello Salvatore , Said Jackson Levi , Mifsud Jurgen , Saridakis Emmanuel N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We apply Gaussian processes (GP) in order to impose constraints on teleparallel gravity and its f(T) extensions. We use available H(z) observations from (i) cosmic chronometers data (CC); (ii) Supernova type Ia (SN) data from the compressed pantheon release together with the CANDELS and CLASH multi-cycle treasury programs; and (iii) baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) datasets from the sloan digital sky survey. For the involved covariance functions, we consider four widely used choices, namely the square exponential, Cauchy, Matérn and rational quadratic kernels, which are consistent with one another within 1σ confidence levels. Specifically, we use the GP approach to reconstruct a model-independent determination of the Hubble constant H
0, for each of these kernels and dataset combinations. These analyses are complemented with three recently announced literature values of H
0, namely (i) Riess

H

0

R

=
74.22
±
1.82

k
m

s

−
1

M
p
c

−
1

; (ii) H0LiCOW collaboration

H

0

HW

=
73
.

3

−
1.8

+
1.7

k
m

s

−
1

M
p
c

−
1

; and (iii) Carnegie–Chicago Hubble programme

H

0

TRGB

=
69.8
±
1.9

k
m

s

−
1

M
p
c

−
1

. Additionally, we investigate the transition redshift between the decelerating and accelerating cosmological phases through the GP reconstructed deceleration parameter. Furthermore, we reconstruct the model-independent evolution of the dark energy equation of state, and finally reconstruct the allowed f(T) functions. As a result, the ΛCDM model lies inside the allowed region at 1σ in all the examined kernels and datasets, however a negative slope for f(T) versus T is slightly favoured.