bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Magnesite to Sepiolite and Stevensite: Characteristics and Genesis (Çayirbaği, Konya, Turkey)
Authors: Yeniyol Mefail 
Published: September 2020

AbstractÇayırbağı magnesite is one of numerous magnesite deposits occurring throughout Turkey. In this deposit, sepiolite and newly found stevensite occur locally as two daughter minerals formed from magnesite. The sepiolite and stevensite show distinctive compositions and modes of formation compared to those described in the literature. The objective of the current study was to characterize these minerals by means of mineralogic, thermal, structural, geochemical, and textural analyses and to describe their mechanisms of formation. The geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry were examined by field work followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal (DTA), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Chemical analyses were performed by means of electron microprobe (EMPA), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The XRD analyses showed that the d110 of the sepiolite was at 12.64 Å and at 13 Å after air-drying and ethylene-glycol solvation, respectively. Identification of the sepiolite as sepiolite-13 Å was supported by FTIR and TG-DTA data. Chemical analyses showed an ideal composition with a structural formula of (Ca0.05K0.02)(Mg7.79Al0.10□0.11)Si12O30(OH)4. Stevensite displayed distinctive results for XRD, FTIR, and thermal characteristics. The structural formula of stevensite was: (Ca0.01Na0.20K0.04)(Mg1.90Al0.30Fe3+0.37Ti0.01□0.43)(Si3.93Al0.07)O10(OH)2, indicating a layer charge arising mainly from octahedral sheets. Field and SEM observations demonstrated that sepiolite was formed from magnesite by transformation via a dissolution–precipitation mechanism. Descending surface waters were responsible for this transformation. Thick magnesite veins were partly replaced whereas in thin veins sepiolite replaced the overall mass. Both surface waters with high Si, low Al and Fe activities, and pH values of 8–9.5 were responsible for sepiolite formation. Stevensite was formed similarly to sepiolite with respect to the mechanism and parent mineral under permanent groundwater; where both Si, Fe, Al activities and pH (>9.5) were high.
The role of social support in differentiating trajectories of adolescent depressed mood
Authors: Gregory Danica , Turnbull Deborah , Bednarz Jana , Gregory Tess 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study explored the extent to which disaggregated support from family, peers, close friendships, teachers, and schools predicted membership into identified, sex‐specific trajectories of depressed mood in 3210 Australian adolescents (49% females) based on self‐report data collected at four annual time points from school Grade 6 to 9 (ages 10–16).MethodsThe sample was initially split by sex. Group‐Based Trajectory Modelling was used to identify the trajectory groups using a Censored Normal model, starting with a two‐group model and increasing group size in increments of one, up to a six‐group model. Overall model‐fit and specific model‐fit criteria were examined, and participants were allocated to best‐fit groups. Multinomial Logistic Regression examined the associations between baseline social supports and allocated trajectory group membership.ResultsFor boys, four trajectory groups were identified which were given the qualitative labels; Low Stable, Moderate Stable, Moderate Decreasing, and High Stable. Regression analysis showed that higher rates of peer belonging were associated with membership in the low and moderate groups compared to the High Stable group. For girls, four trajectory groups were identified and labelled as Low Stable, Moderate Decreasing, Moderate Increasing and High Increasing. Regression analysis showed that higher rates of family support, school climate, and peer belonging were associated with membership in the low and moderate groups compared to the High Increasing group.ConclusionsImplications included the need for school‐based early intervention programs to consider disaggregated supports and vary their interventions by sex. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Modifies the Association Between Testosterone and Vitality in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Panizzon Matthew S. , Bree Kelly , Hsieh Tung-Chin , Hauger Richard , Xian Hong , Jacobson Kristen , Lyons Michael J. , Franz Carol E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Low vitality is a common symptom of testosterone deficiency; however, clinical trial results remain inconclusive regarding the responsiveness of this symptom to hormone replacement.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between circulating testosterone levels and vitality would be moderated by the CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences the receptor’s sensitivity to testosterone.

Methods
We examined 676 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging when they were, on average, 55.4 years old (SD = 2.5). Salivary testosterone levels were measured by using 3 samples collected at waking on 3 nonconsecutive days. The average testosterone level was classified as low, normal, or high based on 1-SD cutoffs. Analyses were conducted using multilevel, mixed linear models, which accounted for the nonindependence of the twin data, and adjusted for the effects of age, ethnicity, BMI, chronic health conditions, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality.

Outcomes
Vitality was measured using the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) vitality subscale.

Results
We observed a significant interaction between salivary testosterone and the AR-CAG repeat length. When the repeat length was short, men with low testosterone had significantly lower vitality. As the AR-CAG repeat length increased, the magnitude of the testosterone effect decreased.

Clinical Translation
The observed interaction between testosterone and variation in the AR gene suggests that men with more sensitive ARs, as indicated by a shorter AR-CAG repeat, are more likely to experience symptoms of age-related testosterone deficiency.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of the present study include our use of a large community-based sample, the use of multiple testosterone measurements, and the availability of a comprehensive set of covariates that may impact the association of interest. Limitations include the homogeneous nature of the sample with respect to ethnicity, the brevity of the 36-item Short Form vitality subscale, and our inability to establish change in testosterone levels because of the cross-sectional nature of data.

Conclusions
The association between testosterone and vitality appears to be clinically meaningful and is in part dependent on variation in the AR gene.
Wrongful ways to raise the epistemic standard
Authors: Grindrod Jumbly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with identifying and accounting for cases where the epistemic standard is raised inappropriately. The first section is concerned with identifying a notion of a variable epistemic standard that is neutral regarding a range of theoretical issues. The second section argues that the possibility the epistemic standard could be raised in some epistemic inappropriate way warrants further investigation. The third section outlines and provides a partial explanation of such a case: one in which a climate change denier attempts to raise the epistemic standard in order to shut down inquiry.
COVID-19 and its effect on emergency presentations to a tertiary hospital with self-harm in Ireland
Authors: McIntyre A. , Tong K. , McMahon E. , Doherty A. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on presentations to an acute hospital with self-harm.Methods:All presentations to University Hospital Galway with self-harm were assessed during the peak period of the coronavirus crisis in Ireland, over the 3 months from 1 March to 31 May 2020. These data were compared with presentations in the same months in the 3 years preceding (2017–2019). Data were obtained from the anonymised service database.Results:This study found that in 2020, the rate of presentation with self-harm dropped by 35% from March to April and rose by 104% from April to May, peaking from mid-May. When trends over a 4-year period were examined, there was a significantly higher lethality of attempt (p< 0.001), and significant differences in diagnosis (p= 0.031) in 2020 in comparison with the three previous years. The increased lethality of presentations remained significant after age and gender were controlled for (p= 0.036). There were also significant differences in the underlying psychiatric diagnoses (p= 0.018), notably with a significant increase in substance misuse disorders presenting during the 2020 study period.Conclusions:COVID-19 showed a reduction in self-harm presentations initially, followed by a sharp increase in May 2020. If a period of economic instability follows as predicted, it is likely that this will further impact the mental health of the population, along with rates of self-harm and suicidal behaviours. There is a need for research into the longer-term effect of COVID-19 and lockdown restrictions, especially with respect to self-harm.
Characterization of snowfall estimated by in situ and ground-based remote-sensing observations at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Scarchilli Claudio , Ciardini Virginia , Grigioni Paolo , Iaccarino Antonio , De Silvestri Lorenzo , Proposito Marco , Dolci Stefano , Camporeale Giuseppe , Schioppo Riccardo , Antonelli Adriano , Baldini Luca , Roberto Nicoletta , Argentini Stefania , Bracci Alessandro , Frezzotti Massimo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the precipitation contribution to the Antarctic surface mass balance is essential for defining the ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise. Observations of precipitation are sparse over Antarctica, due to harsh environmental conditions. Precipitation during the summer months (November–December–January) on four expeditions, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19, in the Terra Nova Bay area, were monitored using a vertically pointing radar, disdrometer, snow gauge, radiosounding and an automatic weather station installed at the Italian Mario Zucchelli Station. The relationship between radar reflectivity and precipitation rate at the site can be estimated using these instruments jointly. The error in calculated precipitation is up to 40%, mostly dependent on reflectivity variability and disdrometer inability to define the real particle fall velocity. Mean derived summer precipitation is ~55 mm water equivalent but with a large variability. During collocated measurements in 2018–19, corrected snow gauge amounts agree with those derived from the relationship, within the estimated errors. European Centre for the Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) analysis and operational outputs are able to forecast the precipitation timing but do not adequately reproduce quantities during the most intense events, with overestimation for ECMWF and underestimation for AMPS.
Childhood Abuse and Positive and Negative Relationship Quality in Women: The Role of Depression
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Ledermann Thomas , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Hamstra Cailyn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The interpersonal nature of childhood abuse has led researchers to examine how abuse in childhood is associated with the quality of adult women's romantic relationships. Depression is one pathway by which childhood abuse may be associated with relationship quality. The current study considers whether childhood abuse is linked to positive and negative relationship quality through depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from women participating in the Longitudinal Study of Childhood Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN; N = 544) and were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a significant indirect effect from childhood abuse to both positive and negative quality through women's depressive symptoms. The indirect effect from abuse to negative relationship quality through depression was significantly larger than positive relationship quality. These results suggest that childhood abuse and subsequent depressive symptoms has a twofold effect on women's romantic relationships.
The place of Edward Gresham'sAstrostereon(1603) in the discussion on cosmology and the Bible in the early modern period
Authors: BIENIAS BARBARA 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article situates Edward Gresham'sAstrostereon, or A Discourse of the Falling of the Planet(1603), a little-known English astronomical treatise, in the context of the cosmo-theological debate on the reconciliation of heliocentrism with the Bible, triggered by the publication of Nicholas Copernicus'sDe revolutionibus orbium coelestiumin 1543. Covering the period from the appearance of the ‘First Account’ of Copernican views presented in Georg Joachim Rheticus'sNarratio Prima(1540) to the composition ofAstrostereonin 1603, this paper places Edward Gresham's commentary and exegesis against the background of the views expressed by his countrymen and the thinkers associated with the Wittenberg University – such as Philipp Melanchthon, Caspar Peucer, and Christoph Rothmann. Comparing the ways in which they employed certain biblical passages – either in favour of or against the Earth's mobility – the paper emphasizes Gresham's ingenious reading of the Hebrew version of the problematic excerpts, and his expansion of the accommodation principle.
Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand
Authors: Chantima K. , Rika C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Edible viviparid snails are suspected to be the source of human echinostomiasis in Thailand, but little is known about the prevalence of viviparid snail parasitization by echinostomes in snails sold for human consumption in wet markets. Here, the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae and the association between parasitic intensity and host size, as well as the relationship to host species, were investigated. In total, 1100 viviparid snails belonging to four species (Cipangopaludina annandalei, Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma and F. doliaris) were obtained from wet markets in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. All snail species were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae with total prevalence and mean intensity values of 16.5% and 16.4, respectively. The metacercariae of the avian trematode, Thapariella anastomusa were found in Filopaludina spp. snails. Interestingly, C. annandalei identified in this study had not previously been considered a food source and this is the first report of echinostome metacercaria in this snail species. Results confirmed the role of C. annandalei as the second intermediate host of the trematode; however, the species identity of these echinostomes remains unclear. Comparative morphology of these metacercariae and their adult stage require further study, and molecular markers are necessary to confirm their identification. Prevalence and intensity of echinostomes metacercariae was significantly associated with snail species.
The United Nations and the North-South Partnership: Connecting the Past to the Future
Authors: Thakur Ramesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay connects the past of the United Nations to its future from the perspective of the Global South. When the UN was created, most developing countries were colonies that played no role in writing the rules and designing the architecture of the post-1945 UN-centric global multilateral order. Today, countries in the Global South command a majority of the UN membership, but still mostly function as norm takers and are severely underrepresented in the UN Security Council—which functions as the geopolitical cockpit—and also in the senior ranks of the UN system, in the key posts in the Secretariat, and in the UN's funds and agencies. Gradually, however, these countries are using their numerical strength to give voice to their distinctive preferences, priorities, and values. This essay provides a broad-brush sketch of the changing nature of the North-South partnership on the UN's four overarching normative mandates of security, development, environment, and human rights. It includes a brief comment on the coronavirus pandemic within the framework of its main narrative of the continuing need for a UN-centric North-South partnership.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transmission mode
Authors: Huang X. Y. , He Z. Q. , Wang B. H. , Hu K. , Li Y. , Guo W. S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a disease with a high case-fatality rate that is caused by infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Five electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published from 1 January 2011 to 1 December 2019. The pooled rates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by a fixed-effect or random-effect model analysis. The results showed that 92 articles were included in this meta-analysis. For the confirmed SFTS cases, the case-fatality rate was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11, 0.18). Two hundred and ninety-six of 1384 SFTS patients indicated that they had been bitten by ticks and the biting rate was 0.21 (95% CI 0.16, 0.26). The overall pooled seroprevalence of SFTSV antibodies among the healthy population was 0.04 (95% CI 0.03, 0.05). For the overall seroprevalence of SFTSV in animals, the seroprevalence of SFTSV was 0.25 (95% CI 0.20, 0.29). The infection rate of SFTSV in ticks was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05, 0.11). In conclusion, ticks can serve as transmitting vectors of SFTSVs and reservoir hosts. Animals can be infected by tick bites, and as a reservoir host, SFTSV circulates continuously between animals and ticks in nature. Humans are infected by tick bites and direct contact with patient secretions.
Exploring the driving forces of waste generation in the Portuguese municipalities
Authors: Soukiazis Elias , Proença Sara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the driving forces behind household waste generation in the Portuguese municipalities. The focus of the analysis is to empirically test the validity of the waste Kuznets curve (wKc) hypothesis, which postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between waste generation and economic activity. Panel data is collected for 307 municipalities over the 2009–2018 period. Estimating the fixed-effects model and its dynamic versions of the waste generation equation, the decoupling hypothesis is confirmed, although it is only observed in the richest region of Lisbon and three other municipalities. Results suggest that the productive structure of the local economies is important for explaining waste generation behavior. Population ageing contributes negatively to waste generation, while population density and the development dichotomy are not important drivers in this process. Finally, tourism inflows have a positive effect on municipal waste generation, although the size of the impact is minimal.
The Fate of Sulfur and Chalcophile Elements During Crystallization of the Lunar Magma Ocean
Authors: Steenstra E. S. , Berndt J. , Klemme S. , Snape J. F. , Bullock E. S. , van Westrenen W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo assess the viability of sulfide liquid saturation during crystallization of the lunar magma ocean (LMO), we present a new data set describing both the sulfur (S) concentration at sulfide liquid saturation (SCSS) and sulfide liquid‐silicate melt partition coefficients of many trace elements for various differentiated lunar magmas at lunar‐relevant conditions. Using these parameterizations, we model the SCSS and the distribution of the most chalcophile elements with progressive LMO crystallization in the absence and presence of sulfide liquids. Modeling results for different modes of LMO crystallization show that for proposed lunar mantle S abundances FeS sulfide liquid saturation is expected to occur between 96% and 98% of LMO crystallization. This is decreased to >91% for Fe‐S liquids with 30% Ni or Cu. Saturation of S‐poor sulfide liquids can occur at >75% of LMO crystallization. The timing of sulfide liquid saturation depends most strongly on the assumed S content of the lunar mantle following formation of the lunar core and on the sulfide liquid composition. Modeled abundances of chalcophile elements indicate that sulfide‐liquid saturation during late‐stage LMO crystallization would yield much lower abundances of Ni and Cu than observed in KREEP basalts and estimated for the urKREEP reservoir, as well as lower Ni/Co than observed in the latter. Sulfide liquids therefore did not affect moderately siderophile and chalcophile element fractionation within the LMO, supporting the hypothesis that the nonvolatile, siderophile element abundances of the lunar mantle reflect a phase of core formation and/or the addition of a meteoritic late veneer.
Soil pH Dominates the Distributions of Both 5‐ and 6‐Methyl Branched Tetraethers in Arid Regions
Authors: Duan Yanwu , Sun Qing , Werne Josef P. , Yang Huan , Jia Jia , Wang Leibin , Xie Haichao , Chen Fahu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT)‐based indices are increasingly used for quantitative mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil pH reconstructions. However, large scatter in the relationship between the methylation index of 5‐methyl brGDGTs (MBT′5ME) and MAAT still exists in arid and/or cold regions, and specific reasons for that offset remain unclear. Here, we present the brGDGT distributions from 18 soil samples along an altitudinal transect spanning a large gradient in MAAT at Mount (Mt.) Tienshan in arid central Asia, which we compare with previously published data from 256 globally distributed soils. Our results indicate that a dramatic increase of brGDGT concentrations occurs at 2,500 m above sea level for the soils from Mt. Tienshan, and a different pattern of brGDGT distributions in response to environmental changes appears below and above this elevation. Soil pH is observed to control the distributions of both 5‐ and 6‐methyl brGDGTs in the soils from Mt. Tienshan and other arid regions. Importantly, we find that the fractional abundances of the 5‐methyl isomers of pentamethylated and hexamethylated brGDGTs (IIa, IIIa) show a distinct negative correlation with soil pH, and the noncyclopentane‐containing tetra‐methylated brGDGT (Ia) is not related to MAAT in arid soils, which can explain the remaining temperature offset of reconstructed MAAT based on the MBT′5ME index in arid regions. In addition, our data suggest that either the brGDGT‐producing community differs or brGDGT‐producers respond differently to temperature in arid relative to moist soils.