bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax Policy and Toxic Housing Bubbles in China
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Lim King Yoong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the effects of a government tax policy in a growth model with economic transition and toxic housing bubbles applied to China. Such a policy combines taxing entrepreneurs with a one-time redistribution to workers in the same period. Under the tax policy, we find that the welfare improvement for workers is non-monotonic. In particular, there exists an optimal tax at which social welfare is maximized. Moreover, we consider the welfare effects of setting the tax at its optimum. We show that the tax policy can be welfare-enhancing, comparing to the case without active policies. The optimal tax may also yield a higher level of welfare than the case even without housing bubbles. In addition, our simple numerical exercise shows that the optimal tax rate is about 23%;, and social welfare is significantly improved with such a tax policy. Finally, we extend the benchmark economy to a multi-period setting and calibrate the model to China. Our results show that a 20%; tax rate can speed up economic transition and increase output growth. Between 1998 and 2012, aggregate consumption is 4.86%; higher under active tax policies.
Long-Run Growth, Speed of Convergence and the Specification of Technology
Authors: Gómez Manuel A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This note analyzes the effect that the specification of technology has on the long-run growth rate and the asymptotic speed of convergence in the one-sector endogenous-growth model. We compare three otherwise identical economies – with the same baseline and parameter values – but with different production technologies: CES, VES or Sobelow, respectively. The long-run growth rate and the asymptotic convergence speed under CES production are lower than the corresponding ones under Sobelow production which, in turn, are lower than those under VES production. This is because a higher elasticity of substitution entails a higher easiness to substitute capital for labor which, in the end, results in a higher long-run growth rate.
Lipopolysaccharides promote pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through the aggravation of apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Tan Shiyi , Yang Shang , Chen Mingke , Wang Yurun , Zhu Li , Sun Zhiqian , Chen Shi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (AMs) play an important defensive role by removing dust and bacteria from alveoli. Apoptosis of AMs is associated with lung fibrosis; however, the relationship between this apoptotic event and environmental factors, such as the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the workplace, has not yet been addressed. To investigate whether exposure to LPS can exacerbate fibrosis, we collected AMs from 12 male workers exposed to silica and incubated them in the presence and absence of LPS for 24 h. We show that the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased in these AMs following LPS treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that LPS exposure aggravated apoptosis and the release of inflammatory factors in AMs in a mouse model of silicosis, which eventually promoted pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that exposure to LPS may accelerate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis by increasing apoptosis and inflammation in AMs.
A Novel Conceptual Model for the Dual Role of FOF1-ATP Synthase in Cell Life and Cell Death
Authors: Nath Sunil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) has been one of the longstanding enigmas in biology. Its cause is currently at the center of an extensive scientific debate, and several hypotheses on its molecular nature have been put forward. The present view holds that the transition arises from the opening of a high-conductance channel in the energy-transducing membrane, the permeability transition pore (PTP), also called the mitochondrial megachannel or the multiconductance channel (MMC). Here, the novel hypothesis is proposed that the aqueous access channels at the interface of the c-ring and the a-subunit of FOin the FOF1-ATP synthase are repurposed during induction of apoptosis and constitute the elusive PTP/ MMC. A unifying principle based on regulation by local potentials is advanced to rationalize the action of the myriad structurally and chemically diverse inducers and inhibitors of PTP/MMC. Experimental evidence in favor of the hypothesis and its differences from current models of PTP/MMC are summarized. The hypothesis explains in considerable detail how the binding of Ca2+to a β-catalytic site (site 3) in the F1portion of ATP synthase triggers the opening of the PTP/MMC. It is also shown to connect to longstanding proposals within Nath’s torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis as to how the binding of MgADP to site 3 does not induce PTP/MMC, but instead catalyzes physiological ATP synthesis in cell life. In the author’s knowledge, this is the first model that explains how Ca2+transforms the FOF1-ATP synthase from an exquisite energy-conserving enzyme in cell life into an energy-dissipating structure that promotes cell death. This has major implications for basic as well as for clinical research, such as for the development of drugs that target the MPT, given the established role of PTP/MMC dysregulation in cancer, ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and various neurodegenerative diseases.
Electrochemical evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of natural compounds on glassy carbon electrode modified with guanine-, polythionine-, and nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Fu Yafen , You Zongyi , Xiao Aiping , Liu Liangliang , Zhou Weien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor based on guanine-, polythionine-, and nitrogen-doped graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (G/PTH/NG/GCE) was fabricated and applied for antioxidant capacity evaluation of natural compounds and complexes in electrochemical method since natural sources of active compounds exhibited various antioxidant activities. When the antioxidants existed in the system, the generated hydroxyl radicals were scavenged and the damage to guanine immobilized on the electrode was reduced less resulting in the oxidation peak current increased in square wave voltammetry. After the modifications of polythionine- and nitrogen-doped graphene, the oxidation peak current was improved. The effects of pH, incubation time, and concentrations of guanine and Fe2+ ions on the performances of the electrode were investigated and optimized. The G/PTH/NG/GCE showed good linearity, reproducibility, and storage stability for antioxidant capacity evaluation of ascorbic acid at the optimum conditions. The antioxidant capacities of three flavonoids and three plant extracts were measured using the G/PTH/NG/GCE and DPPH methods. Myricetin showed the highest antioxidant capacity in both electrochemical and DPPH methods. The proposed G/PTH/NG/GCE exhibited easy fabrication procedure, rapid detection time, and low cost for the detection of antioxidant activity for various kinds of samples.
Words, constructions and corpora: Network representations of constructional semantics for Mandarin space particles
Authors: Chen Alvin Cheng-Hsien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of network science in exploring the emergence of constructional semantics from the connectedness and relationships between linguistic units. With Mandarin locative constructions (MLCs) as a case study, we extracted constructional tokens from a representative corpus, including their respective space particles (SPs) and the head nouns of the landmarks (LMs), which constitute the nodes of the network. We computed edges based on the lexical similarities of word embeddings learned from large text corpora and the SP-LM contingency from collostructional analysis. We address three issues: (1) For each LM, how prototypical is it of the meaning of the SP? (2) For each SP, how semantically cohesive are its LM exemplars? (3) What are the emerging semantic fields from the constructional network of MLCs? We address these questions by examining the quantitative properties of the network at three levels: microscopic (i.e., node centrality and local clustering coefficient), mesoscopic (i.e., community) and macroscopic properties (i.e., small-worldness and scale-free). Our network analyses bring to the foreground the importance of repeated language experiences in the shaping and entrenchment of linguistic knowledge.
Joint numerical ranges: recent advances and applications minicourse by V. Müller and Yu. Tomilov
Authors: Müller V. , Tomilov Yu. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a survey of some recent results concerning joint numerical ranges ofn-tuples of Hilbert space operators, accompanied with several new observations and remarks. Thereafter, numerical ranges techniques will be applied to various problems of operator theory. In particular, we discuss problems concerning orbits of operators, diagonals of operators and their tuples, and pinching problems. Lastly, motivated by known results on the numerical radius of a single operator, we examine whether, given bounded linear operatorsT1, . . .,Tnon a Hilbert spaceH, there exists a unit vectorx ∈ Hsuch that|〈Tjx,x〉|is “large” for allj= 1, . . . ,n.
Tracking down chemical phenomena with the usage of mobile phone slow-motion videos
Authors: Sieve Bernhard F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Some experiments in chemistry occur too fast to make out the central phenomena. Using common digital cameras or mobile phones with high-speed options, one can slow down the process and make the vital observations visible and capable for the students. This article introduces the research project SloMoChem and will show the benefits of using this digital technology to understand the combustion concept in a much better way.
Pooled prevalence estimates of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mehta Abhishek , Negi Anurag , Verma Aditi , Jain Kittu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the pooled prevalence estimates of the malocclusion among child and adolescent population of India.

Contents
A comprehensive electronic search was carried to find studies related to assessing malocclusion in Indian children and adolescent population. Indices and classifications considered for pooled analysis were Dental Aesthetic Index, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs, Angles classification and terminal plane relationship of primary secondary molars. An eligibility criterion was prepared and quality assessment was done for all the eligible studies. Initial search produced 1090 titles. After removal of duplicates, 850 records were left for further screening. Eighty one articles were found eligible for full text reading. Finally 60 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence was used to estimate overall effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical difference between the two genders was calculated using chi square test.

Summary and outlook
The high prevalence of malocclusion is a public health problem around the world. The current status of burden of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents is not known. Results of this pooled analysis showed that prevalence of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents has increased since the last national oral health survey. Prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% (CI 25.02, 31.9) to 66.7% (CI 50.7, 81.06) depending on the type of index or classification used for recording. Boys recorded higher cumulative prevalence than girls. These findings can be utilized by oral health policy makers to draft measures required for reducing this burden of malocclusion.
Synchronization control between discrete uncertain networks with different topologies
Authors: Lü Ling , Zou Cunming , Zhang Fuli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on open-loop–closed-loop technology, we researched the outer synchronization between discrete uncertain networks with different topologies. In order to make the drive and response networks realize the synchronization, a special Lyapunov function is constructed and the open-loop–closed-loop controller is designed. At the same time, we designed an effective parameter identification law to accurately identify the uncertain parameters in the response network. The simulation results show that the synchronization strategy is simple and practical.
Approximate controllability of fractional stochastic evolution equations with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Ding Yonghong , Li Yongxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the approximate controllability for a class of fractional stochastic evolution equations with nonlocal initial conditions in a Hilbert space. We delete the compactness condition or Lipschitz condition for nonlocal term appearing in various literatures, and only need to suppose some weak growth condition on the nonlocal term. The discussion is based on the fixed point theorem, diagonal argument and approximation techniques. In the end, an example is presented to illustrate the abstract theory.
Effects of pragmatic instruction on EFL teenagers’ apologetic email writing: Comprehension, production, and cognitive processes
Authors: Lin Ming-Fang , Wang Yu-Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examined the effects of explicit instruction on EFL learners’ apologetic email writing in terms of comprehension, production, and cognitive processes in pragmatic performance. Participants were 30 Taiwanese EFL eighth graders who received a 10-week pragmatic training on email apologies. Research instruments were a multiple-choice test (MCT), a written discourse completion task (WDCT), and retrospective verbal reports (RVRs). The results showed that the participants obtained higher scores in the MCTs after the instruction, illustrating the facilitative effects on the learners’ comprehension of email writing. As for the production, the learners made overall progress in email writing in the posttest. Regarding the cognitive processes, analysis of the RVRs revealed that after the treatment, the learners’ pragmalinguistic awareness was promoted in their paying more attention to pragmalinguistic features and planning their email writing according to the email moves more frequently. The findings were discussed with implications for pedagogy and future research.
The effect of doping on the electrons and holes in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Flayyih Ahmed H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The doping effect on the reservoir carrier temperature of the electron and hole in quantum dot optical amplifiers (QD SOAs) has been formalized and modeling, taking into account the most of carrier heating (CH) contributions such as; free carrier absorption, carrier heating time relaxation, interdot relaxation time, occupation probability of dot level, injected current and electron-hole interaction. The theoretical simulation shows the carrier temperature increasing straight forward with increasing the surface density of the donor and accepter which had not studied earlier as the best of our knowledge. It clears that, the surface carrier concentration of donor or acceptor atoms supplying more hot carriers for wetting layer (WL) which is leading an increasing the carrier temperature. In other word, the long life time of carriers from WL to Quantum Dot (QD) states is very high. Consequently, the collision of carriers and nonradiative relaxation are increasing the CH effect. Also, the majority of carrier is responsible on the increasing of electron or hole temperature, so the variation electron temperature in N-type is higher than hole in valence band, while the reverse is done with doping with P-type.
Crystal structure of 4-[(3-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid, C12H15NO4
Authors: Sirajuddin Muhammad , Hanifa Bibi , Ullah Sharif , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C12H15NO4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.0167(2) Å, b = 7.9264(5) Å, c = 15.2073(7) Å, α = 98.909(4)°, β = 92.060(4)°, γ = 101.800(4)°, V = 583.36(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1179, T = 293(2) K.
Structure, processing and performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (IUPAC Technical Report). Part 1: characterizing molecular weight
Authors: Bucknall Clive , Altstädt Volker , Auhl Dietmar , Buckley Paul , Dijkstra Dirk , Galeski Andrzej , Gögelein Christoph , Handge Ulrich A. , He Jiasong , Liu Chen-Yang , Michler Goerg , Piorkowska Ewa , Slouf Miroslav , Vittorias Iakovos , Wu Jun Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this project was to study the efficacy of current methods of quality control and quality assurance for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) products, and find improvements where possible. Intrinsic viscosity (IV) tests were performed on three grades of polyethylene with weight average relative molar masses

M
̅

$&#x305;{M}$

w of about 6 × 105, 5.0 × 106 and 9.0 × 106. Results from three laboratories showed substantial scatter, probably because different methods were used to make and test solutions. Tensile tests were carried out to 600 % extension at 150 °C under both constant applied load and constant Hencky strain rate, on compression mouldings made by a leading manufacturer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. They gave low values of

M
̅

$&#x305;{M}$

w, suggesting incomplete entanglement at ‘grain boundaries’ between powder particles. Results from conventional melt-rheology tests are presented, and their relevance to quality control and assurance is discussed. Attempts to calculate molecular weights from these data met with limited success because of extended relaxation times. Suggestions are made for improving international standards for IV testing of UHMWPE, by investigating the various factors that can cause significant errors, and by introducing methods for checking the homogeneity (and hence validity) of the solutions tested. Part 2 addresses characterization of crystallinity and structure. Part 3 covers mechanical properties, and Part 4 focuses on the sporadic crack propagation behaviour exhibited by all three grades of UHMWPE in fatigue tests on 10 mm thick compact tension specimens.
Some probability effects in the classical context
Authors: Rocchi Paolo , Panella Orlando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article gives an account of a theoretical research subdivided into three parts. The first stage recalls the theorem of large numbers and the theorem a single number which demonstrate how the frequentist and the subjective models of probability can be used according to distinct assumptions. Based on these achievements, the second stage describes the temporal evolution of the random outcome (this article distinguishes the outcome from the random event or phenomenon that produces it). It is proved that the outcome of a single unpredictable event switches from the indeterministic to the deterministic state when the event winds up. The third stage means to show how the theoretical results apply to physical situations.
Subversive compliance and embodiment in remedial interchanges
Authors: Cekaite Asta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examines normativity of affect and the affective embeddedness of normativity, instantiated as verbal and embodied stances taken by the participants in adult-child remedial interchanges. The data are based on one year of video fieldwork in a first-grade class at a Swedish primary school. An ethnographically informed analysis of talk and multimodal action is adopted. The findings show that the children’s affective and normative transgressions provided discursive spaces for adult moral instructions and socialization. However, the children’s compliant responses were resistant and subversive. They were designed as embodied double-voiced acts that indexed incongruent affective and moral stances. The findings further revealed several ways of configuring embodied double-voiced responses. The children juxtaposed multiple modalities and exploited the expectations of what constitutes appropriate temporal duration, timing, and shape of nonverbal responses. They (i) combined up-scaled verbal and embodied hyperbolic rhetoric when the teachers’ talk required but minimal responses, and (ii) configured antithetical affect displays, e.g., crying and smiling, or overlaid bodily displays of moral emotion (sadness, seriousness, and smiling) with aligning but exaggerated gestures and movements. Subversive, embodied double-voiced responses simultaneously acquiesced with and deflected the responsibility and effectively derailed a successful closure of remedial interchange.
Corona-Bonds und EU-Verschuldung: Zukunftsvision oder Europäische Naivität?
Authors: Herzog Bodo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article studies the current debate on Coronabonds and the idea of European public debt in the aftermath of the Corona pandemic. According to the EU-Treaty economic and fiscal policy remains in the sovereignty of Member States. Therefore, joint European debt instruments are risky and trigger moral hazard and free-riding in the Eurozone. We exhibit that a mixture of the principle of liability and control impairs the present fiscal architecture and destabilizes the Eurozone. We recommend that Member States ought to utilize either the existing fiscal architecture available or establish a political union with full sovereignty in Europe. This policy conclusion is supported by the PSPP-judgement of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany on 5 May 2020. This ruling initiated a lively debate about the future of the Eurozone and Europe in general.
Inklusive Beschäftigungspolitik: Fakten, Herausforderungen und neue Ideen zur Regulierung von Berufen
Authors: Rostam-Afschar Davud 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOccupational licensing aims to restrict access for providing products and services to only those who promise a minimal level of quality by imposing time and cost-intensive barriers. This can be reasonable to verify personal experience, but bear substantial costs, which need to be justified with proven quality improvements. A series of studies shows that occupational licensing reduces self-employment and overall employment, may lead through limiting geographical and social mobility to higher wages, inequality, and unfair market entry. A more efficient and inclusive guarantee of quality could be achieved with focused, permeable, and independently verifiable occupational licensing.
Synthesis, properties and crystal structure of novel Copper(II) ammine complex with [Pd(CN)4]2− building blocks
Authors: Grzimek Veronika , Kuchár Juraj 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The title compound [Cu4(NH3)12-(µ2-CN)8-Pd4(CN)8] was prepared from the aqueous solution Cu2+ – N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine – [Pd(CN)4]2−, where the addition of excess amounts of ammonia caused the dissolution of the precipitate formed during reaction. Using this method, we prepared and structurally characterized the new complex of Cu(II) containing ammine ligand with tetracyanidopalladate(II) anion incorporated within the molecule. The crystal structure of compound is molecular; the unit cell contains centrosymmetric octanuclear molecules in which all central atoms lies on mirror plane. Generally, the structure of the molecule can be divided into central cyclic part and terminal pendants. The structure contains nitrogen atoms derived from the ammonia molecules coordinated to Copper(II) atoms. They are involved in the formation of N-H···N hydrogen bonds type.