bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in Myoclonus dystonia
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Tarrano Clement , Porte Camille-Albane , Wattiez Nicolas , Delorme Cécile , McGovern Eavan M. , Brochard Vanessa , Thobois Stéphane , Tranchant Christine , Grabli David , Degos Bertrand , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Pedespan Jean-Michel , Krystkoviak Pierre , Houeto Jean-Luc , Degardin Adrian , Defebvre Luc , Valabregue Romain , Rosso Charlotte , Apartis Emmanuelle , Vidailhet Marie , Pouget Pierre , Roze Emmanuel , Worbe Yulia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a syndrome characterized by myoclonus of subcortical origin and dystonia, frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The motor and psychiatric phenotypes of this syndrome likely result from cortico-striato-thamalo-cerebellar-cortical pathway dysfunction. We hypothesized that reactive and proactive inhibitory control may be altered in these patients. Using the Stop Signal Task, we assessed reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 21) deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna and compared their performance to matched healthy controls (n = 24). Reactive inhibition was considered as the ability to stop an already initiated action and measured using the stop signal reaction time. Proactive inhibition was assessed through the influence of several consecutive GO or STOP trials on decreased response time or inhibitory process facilitation. The proactive inhibition was solely impaired in unoperated MD patients. Patients with deep brain stimulation showed impairment in reactive inhibition, independent of presence of obsessive–compulsive disorders. This impairment in reactive inhibitory control correlated with intrinsic severity of myoclonus (i.e. pre-operative score). The results point to a dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with and without deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna.
Paretic knee extensor strength, gait velocity, and fat mass are major determinants of peak aerobic capacity in subacute stroke: observational cohort study
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Han Eun Young , Kang Sa-Yoon , Im Sang Hee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate major determinants of peak aerobic capacity in subacute stroke patients among body composition, balance function, walking capacity, and lower limb muscular strength. This was a retrospective observational cohort study. Eighty-three subacute stroke patients were enrolled and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed in the study (47 males; mean age: 62.95 ± 13.9 years). Gait capacity was assessed by gait velocity (10 m walk velocity:10MWV) and gait endurance (6 min walk distance:6MWD). Balance function was evaluated with Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The isometric muscular strengths of bilateral knee extensors were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Cardiovascular fitness was evaluated with an expired gas analyzer. In backward linear regression analyses, paretic isometric extensor strength (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.005) and 10MWV (p < 0.001) are significantly correlated with peak aerobic capacity (adjusted R2 = 0.499) in all patients. Our results confirmed that paretic knee extensor strength, gait velocity, and fat mass were major determinants of peak aerobic capacity in subacute stroke. Therefore, therapeutic approaches should focus on improving gait velocity and paretic knee extensor strength in the early stages of recovery from stroke.
STAT3 inhibition with galiellalactone effectively targets the prostate cancer stem-like cell population
Authors: Canesin Giacomo , Maggio Valentina , Palominos Macarena , Stiehm Anna , Contreras Hector R. , Castellón Enrique A. , Morote Juan , Paciucci Rosanna , Maitland Norman J. , Bjartell Anders , Hellsten Rebecka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of quiescent cells with the potential to differentiate into tumor cells. CSCs are involved in tumor initiation and progression and contribute to treatment failure through their intrinsic resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy, thus representing a substantial concern for cancer treatment. Prostate CSCs’ activity has been shown to be regulated by the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Here we investigated the effect of galiellalactone (GL), a direct STAT3 inhibitor, on CSCs derived from prostate cancer patients, on docetaxel-resistant spheres with stem cell characteristics, on CSCs obtained from the DU145 cell line in vitro and on DU145 tumors in vivo. We found that GL significantly reduced the viability of docetaxel-resistant and patient-derived spheres. Moreover, CSCs isolated from DU145 cells were sensitive to low concentrations of GL, and the treatment with GL suppressed their viability and their ability to form colonies and spheres. STAT3 inhibition down regulated transcriptional targets of STAT3 in these cells, indicating STAT3 activity in CSCs. Our results indicate that GL can target the prostate stem cell niche in patient-derived cells, in docetaxel-resistant spheres and in an in vitro model. We conclude that GL represents a promising therapeutic approach for prostate cancer patients, as it reduces the viability of prostate cancer-therapy-resistant cells in both CSCs and non-CSC populations.
Modulation of P2Y6R expression exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice
Authors: Shimoda Kakeru , Nishimura Akiyuki , Sunggip Caroline , Ito Tomoya , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Kato Yuri , Tanaka Tomohiro , Tozaki-Saitoh Hidetoshi , Tsuda Makoto , Nishida Motohiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiac tissue remodeling caused by hemodynamic overload is a major clinical outcome of heart failure. Uridine-responsive purinergic P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) contributes to the progression of cardiovascular remodeling in rodents, but it is not known whether inhibition of P2Y6R prevents or promotes heart failure. We demonstrate that inhibition of P2Y6R promotes pressure overload-induced sudden death and heart failure in mice. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, knockdown of P2Y6R significantly attenuated hypertrophic growth and cell death caused by hypotonic stimulation, indicating the involvement of P2Y6R in mechanical stress-induced myocardial dysfunction. Unexpectedly, compared with wild-type mice, deletion of P2Y6R promoted pressure overload-induced sudden death, as well as cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of P2Y6R also exhibited cardiac dysfunction and severe fibrosis. In contrast, P2Y6R deletion had little impact on oxidative stress-mediated cardiac dysfunction induced by doxorubicin treatment. These findings provide overwhelming evidence that systemic inhibition of P2Y6R exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice, although P2Y6R in cardiomyocytes contributes to the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
Modular design of Bi-specific nanoplatform engaged in malignant lymphoma immunotherapy
Authors: Bai Chen , Hu Pengcheng , Zhang Wei , Song Lina , Liu Di , Chen Yi , Ma Ming , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2020

The bi-specific nanoplatform (BSNP) composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and CD20 and CD3 antibodies, was synthesized via modular designed method. BSNP can induce direct apoptosis of Raji cell and T cell-mediated Raji cell lysis, respectively.
Eicosanoids
Authors: Calder Philip C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article describes the pathways of eicosanoid synthesis, eicosanoid receptors, the action of eicosanoids in different physiological systems, the roles of eicosanoids in selected diseases, and the major inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis and action. Eicosanoids are oxidised derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) formed by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the usual substrate for eicosanoid synthesis. The COX pathways form prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), the LOX pathways form leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), and the cytP450 pathways form various epoxy, hydroxy and dihydroxy derivatives. Eicosanoids are highly bioactive acting on many cell types through cell membrane G-protein coupled receptors, although some eicosanoids are also ligands for nuclear receptors. Because they are rapidly catabolised, eicosanoids mainly act locally to the site of their production. Many eicosanoids have multiple, sometimes pleiotropic, effects on inflammation and immunity. The most widely studied is PGE2. Many eicosanoids have roles in the regulation of the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems. Despite their vital role in physiology, eicosanoids are often associated with disease, including inflammatory disease and cancer. Inhibitors have been developed that interfere with the synthesis or action of various eicosanoids and some of these are used in disease treatment, especially for inflammation.
Lyso-glycosphingolipids: presence and consequences
Authors: van Eijk Marco , Ferraz Maria J. , Boot Rolf G. , Aerts Johannes M.F.G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lyso-glycosphingolipids are generated in excess in glycosphingolipid storage disorders. In the course of these pathologies glycosylated sphingolipid species accumulate within lysosomes due to flaws in the respective lipid degrading machinery. Deacylation of accumulating glycosphingolipids drives the formation of lyso-glycosphingolipids. In lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher Disease, Fabry Disease, Krabbe disease, GM1 -and GM2 gangliosidosis, Niemann Pick type C and Metachromatic leukodystrophy massive intra-lysosomal glycosphingolipid accumulation occurs. The lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase generates the deacylated lyso-glycosphingolipid species. This review discusses how the various lyso-glycosphingolipids are synthesized, how they may contribute to abnormal immunity in glycosphingolipid storing lysosomal diseases and what therapeutic opportunities exist.
Language and Speech Markers of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stalpaert Jara , Cocquyt Elissa-Marie , Criel Yana , Segers Lieselot , Miatton Marijke , Van Langenhove Tim , van Mierlo Pieter , De Letter Miet 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This systematic review aimed to establish language and speech markers to support the clinical diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its clinical phenotypes. Our first objective was to identify behavioral language and speech markers of early-stage PPA. Our second objective was to identify the electrophysiological correlates of the language and speech characteristics in PPA.

Method
The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant articles. To identify behavioral markers, the initial subjective complaints and the language and speech deficits detected during the initial diagnostic evaluation were summarized for PPA in general and each clinical variant according to the 2011 consensus diagnostic criteria (nonfluent variant [NFV], semantic variant, and logopenic variant [LV]). To identify electrophysiological markers, the studies in which event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited by a language or speech paradigm in patients with PPA were included.

Results
In total, 114 relevant studies were identified, including 110 behavioral studies and only four electrophysiological studies. This review suggests that patients with the semantic variant could be accurately differentiated from the NFV and LV in the initial stages based on the consensus criteria. Nonetheless, the early differentiation between the NFV and LV is not straightforward. In the four electrophysiological studies, differences in the latency, amplitude, and topographical distribution of the semantic N400 component were found between patients with PPA and healthy controls.

Conclusions
To accurately differentiate the NFV from the LV, it could be important to assess the language and speech degeneration by more specific assessments and by more objective diagnostic methods that offer insights into the language-related processes. Electrophysiological markers of PPA were not identified in this review due to the low number of studies that investigated language-related ERPs. More controlled ERP studies in larger patient cohorts are needed to investigate the diagnostic applicability of language-related ERPs in PPA.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12798080
Nervus vagus: Verlauf und Zuständigkeiten
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDer Nervus (N.) vagus ist der längste Hirnnerv und hat das ausgedehnteste Innervationsgebiet aller Hirnnerven. Er ist der einzige parasympathische Nerv, der vom Kopf zum Thorax bis zu den Bauchorganen verläuft. Zu den Kerngebieten des N. vagus gehören fünf Nervenkerne.
Vagus auf Grün oder Rot?
Authors: Konwiarz Dieter 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDer Neurophysiologe Stephen W. Porges räumte mit dem Mythos des Wohlfühlnervs auf: Nach seiner Polyvagal-Theorie vermittelt der Nervus vagus nicht nur Entspannung, sondern auch Schockstarre. Die Differenzierung zwischen ventraler (Ruhefunktionen) und dorsaler (Erstarrung) Vagusaktivität eröffnet neue Sichten auf Selbstregulation und Traumatherapie. Moderne Methoden der Polyvagal-Therapie wurden unter anderem von der Traumatherapeutin Deb Dana und dem Craniosacraltherapeuten Stanley Rosenberg entwickelt und haben sich insbesondere im Rahmen der Traumatherapie bewährt.
Der Moment als Ziel
Authors: Krudup Karin , Känner Sylke 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMBSR (Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction) dient zur Stressreduktion durch Achtsamkeitstraining, das in einem achtwöchigen Kurs vermittelt wird. Ein MBSR-Kurs setzt sich vor allem aus drei formalen Übungen, informellen Übungen für den Alltag und Psychoedukation zusammen. Zentral in einem MBSR-Kurs ist, das gegenwärtige Erleben gemeinsam zu erforschen, Erfahrungen zu teilen und die gemeinsame Menschlichkeit zu erkennen.
Verdauung neu lernen
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDas enterische Nervensystem (ENS) steuert die Motilität, Sekretion, Versorgung und Abwehr des Darmes und ist mit 150 Millionen Neuronen die größte Ansammlung von Nervenzellen außerhalb des Zentralnervensystems. Zu den ENS-assoziierten gastrointestinalen Störungen zählen Morbus Hirschsprung, Achalasie, die Chagas-Krankheit und als Leiterkrankung das Reizdarmsyndrom. Am Beispiel des Reizdarmsyndroms lässt sich die effektive Therapie von ENS-Störungen in Form einer Kombination aus Ernährungsumstellung, Stressreduktion und orthomolekularer Versorgung zeigen.
Deconstructing bias in social preferences reveals groupy and not-groupy behavior
Authors: Kranton Rachel , Pease Matthew , Sanders Seth , Huettel Scott 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Group divisions are a continual feature of human history. Using methods from experimental and behavioral economics, this study deconstructs the typical in-group bias in allocation decisions and social preferences by considering bias at the individual level. The results reveal stable individual predilections to engage in group-related discrimination, such that the same individuals who show in-group bias in a political setting also show in-group bias in a highly simplified social context. The findings point to a role for individual “groupiness” in understanding social divisions.
Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt+regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas
Authors: Britton Graham J. , Contijoch Eduardo J. , Spindler Matthew P. , Aggarwala Varun , Dogan Belgin , Bongers Gerold , San Mateo Lani , Baltus Andrew , Das Anuk , Gevers Dirk , Borody Thomas J. , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Kamm Michael A. , Mitchell Hazel , Paramsothy Sudarshan , Clemente Jose C. , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Simpson Kenneth W. , Dubinsky Marla C. , Grinspan Ari , Faith Jeremiah J. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceComposition of gut microbiota is altered in many human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Some hope that restoring microbiota to a healthy state could help treat such diseases. We have used mice colonized with microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease to study what happens when these mice receive a microbiota transplant from a set of healthy humans. We find that the mouse gut immune system is changed by microbiota transplants, becoming broadly less inflammatory and protecting mice from colitis. By culturing bacteria from these microbiotas, we identify one strain that induces inflammatory responses in mice and show that it is modified by microbiota transplant. We also show that increases in the density of microbiota following transplant may be antiinflammatory.
A method for scoring the cell type-specific impacts of noncoding variants in personal genomes
Authors: Li Wenran , Duren Zhana , Jiang Rui , Wong Wing Hung 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Here we use the expression and accessibility data from a diverse set of cell types to learn a model for the dependence of the accessibility of a regulatory element on its DNA sequence and TF expression. Using GTEx samples with WGS data, we show that the noncoding variants predicted to affect accessibility are more strongly associated with the expression of nearby genes. To interpret a personal genome, we combine the sequence information with context-specific TF expression to prioritize variants and regulatory elements in any genomic region of interest. This approach should be helpful in the study of risk loci previously identified by GWAS. Results from analysis of height and WGS data from the GTEx project support this hypothesis.
Compression stiffening of fibrous networks with stiff inclusions
Authors: Shivers Jordan L. , Feng Jingchen , van Oosten Anne S. G. , Levine Herbert , Janmey Paul A. , MacKintosh Fred C. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Fat, brain, and liver tissue stiffen when squished. Although tissues are complex materials consisting of deformable, active cells within a biopolymer matrix, recent work has shown that a simple tissue analogue constructed from stiff, inert colloidal particles embedded in a reconstituted biopolymer network exhibits similar compression-stiffening behavior. Here, we show via simulations that compressing a material composed of stiff particles embedded within a fibrous network induces inhomogeneous particle displacement which, in turn, drives stretching of the interstitial network and macroscopic stiffening of the composite. We generate predictive phase diagrams for compression stiffening in 2D and 3D systems as a function of particle volume fraction and network critical strain and explore its relationship to contact percolation and jamming.
Talin folding as the tuning fork of cellular mechanotransduction
Authors: Tapia-Rojo Rafael , Alonso-Caballero Álvaro , Fernández Julio M. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Talin is an adaptor protein that transduces mechanical signals into biochemical cues by recruiting a network of protein ligands in a force-dependent way. These force cues have a complex nature, oscillate in time with different frequency components, and are often embedded in noise. However, most assays to explore the mechanics of force-sensing proteins rely on simple perturbations, such as constant or ramped forces. Here, we use our magnetic tweezers design to subject single talin domains to oscillatory forces and external mechanical noise. We show that talin ignores random external fluctuations but synchronizes its folding dynamics with force oscillations in a frequency-dependent way. We hypothesize that this finely tuned response could underpin talin force-sensing properties.
Illuminating the physics of dynamic friction through laboratory earthquakes on thrust faults
Authors: Tal Yuval , Rubino Vito , Rosakis Ares J. , Lapusta Nadia 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Our study explores a major challenge in earthquake science—the dynamics of thrust earthquake ruptures as they interact with the Earth’s surface, which is relevant to some of the most destructive earthquakes that have ever occurred. The work illustrates key features of the complex dynamic behavior associated with this interaction using an ultrahigh-speed imaging technique. The interaction leads to large and rapid reductions in normal stress. However, the frictional shear resistance does not decrease instantaneously with normal stress, as typically assumed, but experiences a significant delay. Such delay is important for a range of earthquake source problems that involve rapid normal stress variations.
A cryptic tubulin-binding domain links MEKK1 to curved tubulin protomers
Authors: Filipčík Pavel , Latham Sharissa L. , Cadell Antonia L. , Day Catherine L. , Croucher David R. , Mace Peter D. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThe protein kinase MEKK1 activates stress-signaling pathways in response to various cellular stressors, including chemotherapies that disrupt dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton. We show that MEKK1 contains a previously uncharacterized domain that can preferentially bind to the curved tubulin heterodimer—which is found in soluble tubulin and at sites of microtubule assembly and disassembly. Mutations that interfere with MEKK1−tubulin binding disrupt microtubule networks in migrating cells and are enriched in patient-derived tumor sequences. These results suggest that MEKK1−tubulin binding may be relevant to cancer progression, and the efficacy of microtubule-disrupting chemotherapies that require the activity of MEKK1.
Naming guides how 12-month-old infants encode and remember objects
Authors: LaTourrette Alexander S. , Waxman Sandra R. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Encoding objects in memory and recalling them later is fundamental to human cognition and emerges in infancy. Here, using a new recognition memory paradigm, we show that the way an object is named, either as a unique individual or as a member of a category, is instrumental in 12-mo-old infants’ encoding of and memory for that object. When the same name is applied consistently to a set of objects, infants encode primarily their commonalities. In contrast, when a unique name is applied to each object, infants encode each object’s unique features. Thus, even as infants begin to produce their first words, a single naming event exerts powerful, nuanced effects on the fundamental cognitive processes of object representation and memory.
Device-quality, reconfigurable metamaterials from shape-directed nanocrystal assembly
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Liu Zizhuo , Huang Ziyin , Lin Haixin , Samanta Devleena , Lin Qing-Yuan , Aydin Koray , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Colloidal nanocrystals with defined sizes and shapes are ideal building blocks for nanofabrication. However, the ability to arbitrarily arrange them on surfaces with control over their orientation remains elusive. Here we report a shallow-template-assisted DNA-mediated assembly strategy to precisely arrange colloidal nanocrystals on surfaces, with single-particle control across submillimeter areas. In addition, the oligonucleotide bonds between the nanocrystals and substrate can be reversibly expanded and contracted enabling postsynthetic tunability of the assembled structures. Using this approach, we synthesized a nanocrystal-based, dynamically tunable metasurface (an anomalous reflector), thereby illustrating the potential for unique device construction via DNA programmable assembly.