bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and reliable molecular methods to detect fungal pathogens in woody plants
Authors: Luchi Nicola , Ioos Renaud , Santini Alberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms represent a serious threat to plant productivity, food security, and natural ecosystems. An effective framework for early warning and rapid response is a crucial element to mitigate or prevent the impacts of biological invasions of plant pathogens. For these reasons, detection tools play an important role in monitoring plant health, surveillance, and quantitative pathogen risk assessment, thus improving best practices to mitigate and prevent microbial threats. The need to reduce the time of diagnosis has prompted plant pathologists to move towards more sensitive and rapid methods such as molecular techniques. Considering prevention to be the best strategy to protect plants from diseases, this review focuses on fast and reliable molecular methods to detect the presence of woody plant pathogens at early stage of disease development before symptoms occur in the host. A harmonized pool of novel technical, methodological, and conceptual solutions is needed to prevent entry and establishment of new diseases in a country and mitigate the impact of both invasive and indigenous organisms to agricultural and forest ecosystem biodiversity and productivity.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Motility and Thoracic Pressure are Determinants of Pressurized Waves in Achalasia Subtypes According to the Chicago Classification
Authors: Anefalos Alexandre , Herbella Fernando A. M. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhenotypes of achalasia are based on esophageal body pressurization during swallow. The reasons that lead to pressurized waves are still unclear. This study aims to evaluate manometric parameters that may determine pressurized waves in patients with achalasia.MethodsA total of 100 achalasia high‐resolution manometry tests were reviewed. We measured before each swallow: upper esophageal sphincter (UES) basal pressure, esophageal length, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure, LES length, gastric and thoracic pressure, transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient and the LES retention pressure (LES basal pressure‐TPG); during swallow: UES pressure, UES residual pressure, UES recovery time, LES relaxation pressure, gastric and thoracic pressure, transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient and after swallow: esophageal length, LES length, wave pressure, gastric and thoracic pressure and transdiaphragmatic gradient pressure.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed in pressurized waves before swallow: higher thoracic, UES and LES basal pressure, longer LES length and decrease in LES retention pressure; during swallow: higher thoracic, gastric and UES pressure, higher UES and LES relaxation pressure and after swallow: higher thoracic and gastric pressure. Multivariate analysis in pressurized waves showed as significant before swallow: thoracic and UES basal pressure; during swallow: thoracic, gastric and UES pressure, UES residual pressure and UES recovery time and after swallow: thoracic pressure.ConclusionsBasal esophageal pressurization and the UES are independent variables that may be associated with pressurized waves.
Seltene Tumoren als Leitsymptom hereditärer Tumorsyndrome
Authors: Perne Claudia , Steinke-Lange Verena , Aretz Stefan , Spier Isabel 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Monogen erbliche Tumorsyndrome bzw. Tumordispositionssyndrome (TDS) beruhen auf Keimbahn-/konstitutionellen Mutationen in Schlüsselgenen der Karzinogenese. Ein frühes Erkrankungsalter und eine Häufung von Tumoren eines typischen Spektrums in der Eigen- und/oder Familienanamnese sind Hinweise für das Vorliegen einer hereditären Form. Insbesondere seltene spezifische Tumoren treten relativ häufig im Rahmen eines TDS auf.

Methode
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche dar, welche TDS bei Vorliegen eines seltenen Tumors als Differentialdiagnose (DD) bedacht werden sollten.

Ergebnisse
Die Identifizierung einer ursächlichen Keimbahnmutation bei einer erkrankten Person der Familie dient der DD, Ermittlung des Wiederholungsrisikos und der prädiktiven Testung asymptomatischer Risikopersonen. Bei TDS mit autosomal-dominantem Erbgang lassen sich oft mehrere Hochrisikopersonen in den betroffenen Familien identifizieren.

Schlussfolgerung
Die frühe Erkennung und korrekte Einordnung ist von hoher klinischer Relevanz, da den Erkrankten und Risikopersonen häufig effektive präventive Maßnahmen (Früherkennungs-Untersuchungen, prophylaktische Operationen) angeboten werden können und z. T. spezielle therapeutische Optionen bestehen. TDS stehen paradigmatisch für ein äußerst erfolgreiches Konzept der präventiven Onkologie und personalisierten Medizin. Die Einführung neuer Methoden der Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung (Next-Generation-Sequencing) ermöglicht eine effektivere genetische Diagnostik, stellt aber auch eine Herausforderung für die Befundinterpretation und Beratung dar. Für die Betreuung der Familien ist die Anbindung an multidisziplinäre Expertenzentren sinnvoll.
De-Europeanisation of UK regulatory governance and the future UK–EU trade relationship
Authors: Cygan Adam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the exception of obligations during the transition period until the 31 December 2020, the UK will leave the EU Single Market and will need to negotiate a new regulatory framework for its future trade relationship with EU. The primary issue for the UK will be how much market access it will want to secure and what regulatory obligations will it be required to comply with in return for this. During EU membership, integration led to the UK’s regulatory framework becoming Europeanised which ensured the removal of trade barriers and provided for a level playing field of regulatory governance through harmonisation of technical standards and public policy objectives such as environmental standards or employment protection. As part of the future UK-EU trade relationship, the EU will be likely to insist on continuity of high levels of regulatory alignment, but the UK has indicated that it wishes to diverge from EU rules, leaving significant challenges for the UK-EU trade negotiations. This article considers the opportunity for the UK to de-Europeanise its regulatory governance after Brexit and whether and to what extent this will be compatible with negotiating a comprehensive trade agreement with the EU.
SEOM clinical guideline for secondary prevention (2019)
Authors: Santaballa A. , Pinto Á. , Balanyà R. P. , Ramírez Merino N. , Martín I. R. , Grau S. S. , Fombella J. P. B. , Cano J. M. , González C. H. , Bayo J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer is one of the major public health problems in our society. It is estimated that more than 18 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide every year; 280,000 in Spain. Incidence in following a growing trend. This epidemic could be controlled with research into new treatments and, above all, with adequate prevention. Primary prevention could prevent avoid up to half of all cases. For many others, secondary prevention is essential, as it make diagnosis possible in the stages of the disease when it is easily curable. These guidelines present the scientific evidence regarding secondary prevention in tumors in which its use is well-accepted: breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate, lung, ovarian, melanoma, and gastric cancer.
Determining the domain of in situ stress around Marun Oil Field’s failed wells, SW Iran
Authors: Farsimadan Meisam , Dehghan Ali Naghi , Khodaei Meysam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccurate determination of the in situ stress domain in oil fields is of paramount importance in drilling, completion, and maintenance of wells and in petroleum geomechanics. Determination of the magnitude and direction of stresses induced by drilling around the wellbores is the first step in geomechanical studies and wellbore stability analyses. Regarding the importance of casing collapse problems in Marun Oil Field, as the first step of this investigation, geomechanical studies were conducted to determine the in situ stress domain in the failed wellbores. Using density measurements, the vertical stress (SV) was estimated to be within the range of 85–90 MPa for all wellbores. To estimate maximum-horizontal-stress (SHmax) domain, Anderson’s faulting theory and stress polygon were employed, and a value close to SV was achieved. Also, minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) was estimated using different approaches and was found to have the minimum in situ stress. Finally, the faulting regime of the areas was found to be normal/strike slip, where the stress values are close to each other due to salt lithology and high pore pressures in the Gachsaran Formation and thereby could be assumed as hydrostatic stresses.
Operationalization of a frailty index among older adults in the InCHIANTI study: predictive ability for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality
Authors: Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Stenholm Sari , Ferrucci Luigi , Bandinelli Stefania , Inzitari Marco , Cesari Matteo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The frailty index (FI) is a sensitive instrument to measure the degree of frailty in older adults, and is increasingly used in cohort studies on aging.

Aims
To operationalize an FI among older adults in the “Invecchiare in Chianti” (InCHIANTI) study, and to validate its predictive capacity for mortality.

Methods
Longitudinal data were used from 1129 InCHIANTI participants aged ≥ 65 years. A 42-item FI was operationalized following a standard procedure using baseline data (1998/2000). Associations of the FI with 3- and 6-year all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were studied using Cox regression. Predictive accuracy was estimated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), for a continuous FI score and for different cut-points.

Results
The median FI was 0.13 (IQR 0.08–0.21). Scores were higher in women, and at advanced age. The FI was associated with 3- and 6-year all-cause and CVD mortality (HR range per 0.01 FI increase = 1.03–1.07, all p < 0.001). The continuous FI score predicted the mortality outcomes with moderate-to-good accuracy (AUC range 0.72–0.83). When applying FI cut-offs between 0.15 and 0.35, the accuracy of this FI for predicting mortality was moderate (AUC range 0.61–0.76). Overall, the predictive accuracy of the FI was higher in women than in men.

Conclusions
The FI operationalized in the InCHIANTI study is a good instrument to grade the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. More measurement properties, such as the responsiveness of this FI when used as outcome measure, should be investigated in future research.
On the excavation-induced stress drop in damaged coal considering a coupled yield and failure criterion
Authors: Xue Dongjie , Zhou Jie , Liu Yintong , Gao Lie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvestigating the stress drop of abutment pressure is the key to a deep quantitative analysis of the discontinuous stress redistribution under mining. In the present study, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests are carried out separately to determine the bulk and shear moduli, the cohesion, and the internal friction angle of the coal samples. By extending the meaning of Mohr’s circle referring to yield stress instead of the maximum principal stress, a yield line is introduced to illustrate the stress drop of Mohr’s circle referring to yield stress instead of the maximum principal stress at the elastoplastic boundary. Furthermore, a theoretical solution of the stress drop as a function of the damage is proposed to investigate how the abutment pressure differs considering the yield line and failure line. In addition, applying the stress drop at the yield line in non-pillar mining, top coal mining, and protective coal mining shows that the damage has a nonlinearly positive influence on the stress drop. The results shows that the bulk modulus and internal friction angle have a more sensitive influence on the stress drop than do the shear modulus and cohesion. Finally, the stress drop is divided into a discontinuous stress drop at the yield line and a structural stress drop at the failure line. The stress drop is effective in describing the discontinuous stress redistribution and shows a clear difference in the movement direction of Mohr’s circle considering the unloading pressure.
The Impact of Sample Homogeneity, Crucible Material, and Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Crystallization of Fe-Rich Oxidic Slag in CLSM Experiments
Authors: Schupsky Jan Peter , Guo Muxing , Blanpain Bart , Müller Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCrystallization tendency and the state of oxidic slags are important influencing factors for slag viscosity and therefore slag tapping. During the gasification process slag is constantly produced and flows down the gasifier walls until it is intercepted and stored for further treatment or a possible valorisation. The kinds of fuel used for gasification lead to different kinds of slag composition likewise. Slag viscosity is strongly influenced by the composition of the slag and the temperature. However, the process of crystallization represents another major influencing factor. Slag crystallization is also affected by several parameters, whose effects need to be considered in experimental studies. This study investigated the impact of the sample state, the chosen crucible material, and the oxygen partial pressure on the crystallization of a Fe-rich oxidic slag in the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) experiment. Using sample powder may lead to heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization during heating due to heterogeneous melting of the compounds. The selection of crucible material is crucial to prevent alloy formation of Fe-species with Pt-crucibles under reducing atmosphere. Finally, the partial pressure of oxygen influences the crystallization tendency as well as the morphology of the crystallized phases. These parameters impede the reproducibility of results as well as the comparison with results deriving from other experiments like sample quenching. This contribution provides an enhanced understanding of the stated parameter effects on the experimental investigation of oxidic slags using the CLSM setup and yields advice to prevent experimental influence on the results.
The Impact of Price Bundling on the Evaluation of Bundled Products: Does It Matter How You Frame It?
Authors: Hähnchen Anjulie , Baumgartner Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompanies often sell their products in a price bundle at a discount. These discounts can be presented to consumers in various ways.Past studies have predominantly focused on the short-term effects of various price reduction frames within bundle offers. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the post-promotion effects of presenting a product within differently framed price bundles on consumers’ assessment of this product.A choice-based conjoint design is applied to investigate purchase probability and willingness to pay. The results of the study indicate, among other findings, that the evaluation of a product can deteriorate if this product is presented in a price bundle and that this effect depends on the framing of price discounts in the bundle.
The impact of remittances on economic growth in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Authors: Sutradhar Soma Rani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of workers’ remittances on economic growth of four South Asian emerging countries by employing balanced panel data from 1977 to 2016. Pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects and dummy variable interaction models are used to estimate the impact of remittances. The empirical regression analysis confirms a negative effect of remittances on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Conversely, remittances have a positive impact on economic growth in India. This study also indicates a joint significant and negative relationship between remittances and economic growth in four countries.
Discrimination, language brokering efficacy, and academic competence among adolescent language brokers
Authors: Chen Shanting , Hou Yang , Benner Aprile , Kim Su Yeong 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiscrimination is detrimental for the development of ethnic minority adolescents' academic competence. To combat the negative effects of discrimination and promote academic success, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the association between discrimination and academic competence. Guided by the integrative model of ethnic minority children's development and the adapting cultural systems framework, this study examined whether a culture‐specific factor, language brokering efficacy, mediated the relation between adolescents' perceived discrimination and their academic competence.MethodData were drawn form a two‐wave longitudinal study of 604 Mexican American adolescent language brokers residing in and around a metropolitan city in central Texas, USA (54% female; Mage = 12.5; SD = 1.0; 75% born in the U.S.). Path analyses were conducted to answer the research questions.ResultsThe study revealed that the link between discrimination and academic competence was mediated by language brokering efficacy when translating for fathers and mothers, although the path from language brokering efficacy to academic competence was stronger when brokering for mothers.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of incorporating ethnic minority children's adapting cultural experiences in linking the contextual influence with their developmental competence. Implications for interventions aiming to reduce the negative impacts of discrimination are also discussed.
Blood Oxygen Accumulation Distribution Area Index Is Associated With Erectile Dysfunction in Patients With Sleep Apnea—Results From a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zheng Wenzhong , Chen Xiang , Huang Jingwen , Zhang Shengxiong , chen Tao , Zhang Liu , Li Xianxin , Li Qingyun , Dai Jican 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked with erectile dysfunction (ED), but the relatively independent polysomnography (PSG) outcomes of apnea and nocturnal hypoxia may not effectively assess the physiological impairment of OSA well.

Aim
To propose a new calculation method, the blood oxygen accumulation distribution area index (BOADAI), for evaluating the association between OSA and ED.

Methods
In this study, 502 male participants with suspected OSA were enrolled. Clinical questionnaire, physical measurements, and PSG outcomes were obtained by 2 respiratory physicians. ED was assessed by a urologist using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Whole pulse oxygen saturation curves during the sleep time were compressed into a fixed scale image, and the distribution area of oxygen saturation curves was outlined. We then calculated the value of the outlined area and normalized it by total sleep time. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model was used for selecting the optimal variable associated with ED and model construction. The clinical net benefit of the BOADAI and its related modules was estimated and compared by decision curve analysis.

Main Outcome Measure
ED and OSA were assessed using the IIEF-5, clinical questionnaire, physical measurements, and PSG outcomes.

Results
The frequency of ED in patients with OSA was significantly greater than that in the no-OSA group. Meanwhile, the new BOADAI was negatively correlated with the IIEF-5 score (r = −0.2525, P = .0000). Moreover, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method retained BOADAI but not the other PSG parameters such as respiratory disorder index and lowest SaO2. Finally, logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, lips with cyanochroia, systemic hypertension, and BOADAI were independently associated with ED, and decision curve analysis indicated the clinical usefulness of the BOADAI module.

Conclusion
This study revealed novel evidence that OSA is a risk factor for ED. Meanwhile, the BOADAI could act as a potential clinical characteristic to evaluate ED in patients with OSA and to provide clinical treatment recommendations.
Parallel rotation for negating Coriolis force effect on heat transfer
Authors: Sarja A. , Singh P. , Ekkad S.V. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTGas turbine blades feature multi-pass internal cooling channels, through which relatively colder air bled from the compressor is routed to cool internal walls. Under rotation, due to the influence of Coriolis force and centrifugal buoyancy, heat transfer at the trailing side enhances and that at the leading side reduces, for a radially outward flow. This non-uniform temperature distribution results in increased thermal stress, which is detrimental to blade life. In this study, a rotation configuration is presented which can negate the Coriolis force effect on heat and fluid flow, thereby maintaining uniform heat transfer on leading and trailing walls. A straight, smooth duct of unit aspect ratio is considered to demonstrate the concept and understand the fluid flow within the channel and its interaction with the walls. The new design is compared against the conventional rotation design. Numerical simulations under steady-state condition were carried out at a Reynolds number of 25000, where the Rotation numbers were varied as 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25. Realisable version of k-$\varepsilon$ model was used for turbulence modelling. It was observed that new rotation (parallel) configuration’s heat transfer on leading and trailing sides were near similar, and trailing side was marginally higher compared to leading side. An interesting phenomenon of secondary Coriolis effect is reported which accounts for the minor differences in heat transfer augmentation between leading and trailing walls. Due to centrifugal buoyancy, the fluid is pushed towards the radially outward wall, resulting in a counter-rotating vortex pair, which also enhances the heat transfer on leading and trailing walls when compared to stationary case.
Conflict-free en-route operations with horizontal resolution manoeuvers using a heuristic algorithm
Authors: Cecen R.K. , Cetek C. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAircraft conflict resolution is an important part of air traffic control operations. This study presents a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) using a space discretisation technique to deal with aircraft conflict resolutions in en-route flight operations. The purpose of space discretisation is to concentrate on only the significant points of the airspace. The model integrates the multi entry point approach with an airspeed adjustment technique in the horizontal plane. The model aims to generate conflict-free trajectories while minimising the total changes in entry points and airspeed values. A new heuristic algorithm was developed due to the complexity of the problem. The computational results demonstrated that the proposed approach resolved aircraft conflicts for 450 different traffic scenarios in less than a minute. Considerable fuel savings were achieved with no significant increase in delay or flight time compared to conventional vectoring techniques in a fixed entry point airspace structure.