bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteoglycan synthesis rate as a novel method to measure blood‐induced cartilage degeneration in non‐haemophilic and haemophilic rats
Authors: Pulles Astrid E. , Vøls Kåre K. , Christensen Kristine R. , Coeleveld Katja , Hansen Axel K. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Petersen Maj , Mastbergen Simon C. , Roepstorff Kirstine , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilic animal models are used to study blood‐induced cartilage damage, but quantitative and sensitive outcome measures are needed.AimTo develop a novel quantitative method for detecting early cartilage degeneration in a haemophilic rat model of blood‐induced joint damage.MethodsThe 35Sulphate incorporation (35SO42− assay) was applied to tibial and patellar cartilage of wild‐type rats to quantify baseline proteoglycan synthesis and to evaluate the effect of 4‐day blood exposure in vitro. Next, haemarthrosis was induced in 39 FVIII‐deficient rats and characterized by changes in knee joint diameter and development of bone pathology (using micro‐CT). Four‐ and 16‐day posthaemarthrosis proteoglycan synthesis rate (PSR) was assessed using the 35SO42− assay, with the contralateral knee as control.ResultsIn vitro, a decrease in PSR in tibial and patellar cartilage was demonstrated following blood exposure. In vivo, joint diameter and development of bone pathology confirmed successful induction of haemarthrosis. In the blood‐exposed knee, tibial and patellar PSR was inhibited 4 and 16 days after induced haemarthrosis. Interestingly, at day 16 the proteoglycan synthesis in the contralateral knee was also inhibited to an extent correlating with that of the blood‐exposed knee.ConclusionFor the first time, early changes in cartilage matrix synthesis upon blood exposure were quantified with the 35SO42− assay in a haemophilic rat model, establishing this assay as a novel method to study blood‐induced cartilage damage.
THE PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY SHOCKS: ROTEMBERG VERSUS CALVO
Authors: Oh Joonseok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article studies the effects of uncertainty shocks on economic activity, focusing on inflation. Using a vector autoregression, I show that increased uncertainty has negative demand effects, reducing GDP and prices. I then consider standard New Keynesian models with Rotemberg‐type and Calvo‐type price rigidities. Despite the belief that the two schemes are equivalent, I show that they generate different dynamics in response to uncertainty shocks. In the Rotemberg model, uncertainty shocks decrease output and inflation, in line with the empirical results. By contrast, in the Calvo model, uncertainty shocks decrease output but raise inflation because of firms' precautionary pricing motive.
Regional Economic Integration and the Volume of Intra‐Regional Trade: A Comparison of Developed and Developing Country Experience
Authors: Brada Josef C. , Mendez Jose A. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYWe examine the effect of five regional integration schemes on the volume of intra‐member trade by means of a gravity model of trade. Parameters for the model are estimated from observations on bilateral trade flows among 46 developed and developing countries from 1954 to 1977. We find that two developed country schemes, the EEC and EFTA and one developing country schema, the Central American Common Market increased intra‐member trade by a factor of four. The Andean Pact and the Latin American Free Trade Area had no effect on intra‐member trade. The ability of integration schemes to increase intra‐member trade is shown to vary directly with the per capita incomes of the integrating countries and inversely with the distance between them.
Fostering Empathy through an Inclusive Pedagogy for Career Creatives
Authors: David Carlson J. , Dobson Terry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of an entire generation of technologically infused learners comes a new challenge for educators to combat their desire for technologically enhanced isolation. The impact of social media on self‐absorption and the ramifications of excessive screen time are already evident in our current generation of tech‐native students. Meanwhile, the need for more empathetic employees who show compassion toward clients, exercise tolerance for co‐workers and demonstrate cultural awareness in all aspects of their work is already being prioritised over discipline‐specific skills and even STEM expertise by current business leaders. Similarly, the demand for more empathetic creatives is being catalysed by a design industry that now values human‐centredness. Empathy brings the human component to user‐experience and interface design and is now widely acknowledged as the first step in any design process. As a corollary, the development of empathy as a pedagogical deliverable will not only be necessary for the workplace of the future but for future generations to become fully‐functioning members of society. This research explores how an inclusive art and design pedagogy can foster collaborative learner‐centred approaches to develop empathy as a key component of emotional intelligence. Our methodology for triggering meaningful experiences and transformational growth harnesses collaborative play as a way to engage learners in stimulating, socially conscious teamwork. By becoming more intentional about designing the future of higher education in order to nurture more empathetic career creatives, we also lay the groundwork in preparation for educating the most technologically advanced, yet potentially socially isolated learners of any generation yet.
Isopropyl‐phloroglucinol‐DHA protects outer retinal cells against lethal dose of all‐trans‐retinal
Authors: Cubizolle Aurélie , Cia David , Moine Espérance , Jacquemot Nathalie , Guillou Laurent , Rosell Mélissa , Angebault‐Prouteau Claire , Lenaers Guy , Meunier Isabelle , Vercauteren Joseph , Durand Thierry , Crauste Céline , Brabet Philippe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll‐trans‐retinal (atRAL) is a highly reactive carbonyl specie, known for its reactivity on cellular phosphatidylethanolamine in photoreceptor. It is generated by photoisomerization of 11‐cis‐retinal chromophore linked to opsin by the Schiff's base reaction. In ABCA4‐associated autosomal recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy, atRAL results in carbonyl and oxidative stress, which leads to bisretinoid A2E, accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This A2E‐accumulation presents as lipofuscin fluorescent pigment, and its photooxidation causes subsequent damage. Here we describe protection against a lethal dose of atRAL in both photoreceptors and RPE in primary cultures by a lipidic polyphenol derivative, an isopropyl‐phloroglucinol linked to DHA, referred to as IP‐DHA. Next, we addressed the cellular and molecular defence mechanisms in commonly used human ARPE‐19 cells. We determined that both polyunsaturated fatty acid and isopropyl substituents bond to phloroglucinol are essential to confer the highest protection. IP‐DHA responds rapidly against the toxicity of atRAL and its protective effect persists. This healthy effect of IP‐DHA applies to the mitochondrial respiration. IP‐DHA also rescues RPE cells subjected to the toxic effects of A2E after blue light exposure. Together, our findings suggest that the beneficial role of IP‐DHA in retinal cells involves both anti‐carbonyl and anti‐oxidative capacities.
Generating low immunogenic pig pancreatic islet cell clusters for xenotransplantation
Authors: Carvalho Oliveira Marco , Valdivia Emilio , Verboom Murielle , Yuzefovych Yuliia , Sake Hendrik Johannes , Pogozhykh Olena , Niemann Heiner , Schwinzer Reinhard , Petersen Björn , Seissler Jochen , Blasczyk Rainer , Figueiredo Constança 
Published: March 2020

AbstractXenotransplantation of pancreatic islets offers a promising alternative to overcome the shortage of allogeneic donors. Despite significant advances, either immune rejection or oxygen supply in immune protected encapsulated islets remains major bottlenecks for clinical application. To decrease xenogeneic immune responses, we generated tissue engineered swine leucocyte antigen (SLA)‐silenced islet cell clusters (ICC). Single‐cell suspensions from pancreatic islets were generated by enzymatic digestion of porcine ICCs. Cells were silenced for SLA class I and class II by lentiviral vectors encoding for short hairpin RNAs targeting beta2‐microglobulin or class II transactivator, respectively. SLA‐silenced ICCs‐derived cells were then used to form new ICCs in stirred bioreactors in the presence of collagen VI. SLA class I silencing was designed to reach a level of up to 89% and class II by up to 81% on ICCs‐derived cells. Xenogeneic T cell immune responses, NK cell and antibody‐mediated cellular‐dependent immune responses were significantly decreased in SLA‐silenced cells. In stirred bioreactors, tissue engineered islets showed the typical 3D structure and insulin production. These data show the feasibility to generate low immunogenic porcine ICCs after single‐cell engineering and post‐transduction islet reassembling that might serve as an alternative to allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation.
From a free gift of nature to a precarious commodity: Bees, pollination services, and industrial agriculture
Authors: Ellis Rebecca A. , Weis Tony , Suryanarayanan Sainath , Beilin Kata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe growing crisis of bee health has shone a spotlight on the problems facing pollinator populations in many parts of the world, the worrying implications for agriculture and ecosystems, and some of the risks of pesticides. Although this attention is important and can open a range of critical vistas, the threats to bees, other pollinators, and the future of pollination are too often framed in narrow ways. The goal of this paper is to provide a systematic way of thinking about the crisis of bee populations by examining the changing dynamics of pollination within industrial agriculture, drawing heavily on transformations in the United States and Canada. We set out a case for understanding pollination as a biophysical barrier to industrial organization and the rise of pollination services as a response that temporarily fixes (or overrides) this barrier, while containing an internal set of contradictions and overrides. We argue that these dialectic relations are continually generating further problems and hope that this lens can help inform critical education, outreach, and movement building with respect to the urgent problems of bee and pollinator health. In particular, we stress the need to connect growing bee‐related advocacy with struggles to confront industrial capitalist agriculture.
Reservation‐Urban Comparison of Suicidal Ideation/Planning and Attempts in American Indian Youth
Authors: Manzo Karen , Hobbs Gerald R. , Gachupin Francine C. , Stewart Jera , Knox Sarah S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOur aim was to identify sex‐ and location‐specific risk factors for suicide ideation/planning and attempts among American Indian youth.METHODSBiennial data for 6417 American Indian high school students attending reservation and urban schools were extracted from the Montana volunteer sample Youth Risk Behavior Survey data for pooled years 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression was used to identify sex‐ and school location‐specific risk behaviors and psychosocial factors for past 12‐month ideation/planning and past 12‐month attempts.RESULTSContrary to our hypothesis, the prevalence of ideation/planning and attempts did not significantly differ between reservation/urban location; however, risk factors associated with suicidality did. Sadness/hopelessness was associated with both outcomes for all groups. However, violent victimization was associated with both outcomes only among girls. Lack of school safety was associated with attempts but not ideation/planning among all students. There were distinct differences in risk factors associated with both outcomes among
boys.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate differences and similarities in risk behaviors and psychosocial factors associated with suicidality by sex and reservation/urban setting. Implications include screening potentially at‐risk students for depression, violent victimization, substance use, and school safety and use of the findings by tribal and school programs in designing prevention and intervention programs.
Cutaneous manifestations of childhood Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (cEGPA): A case‐based review
Authors: Bridges Catherine , Shenk Mary Elizabeth Reed , Martin Kari , Launhardt Alison 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThis study seeks to better define the clinical presentation and histopathology of cutaneous manifestations in childhood eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (cEGPA).MethodsCase reports were collected from Ovid Medline Database and PubMed using keyword identifiers from 1946 to 2017. Adult patients ≥ 18 years and cases not diagnosed with EGPA by the author were excluded. Sixty‐five case reports of cEGPA were initially identified. These were reviewed individually, and fifty cases were determined to meet the American College of Rheumatology criteria for EGPA. No case series examining the cutaneous morphology and histopathology were identified. Cutaneous morphology, lesion location, and cutaneous histopathology results were recorded. Results were analyzed using summary statistics.ResultsSixty‐four percent (32/50) of cEGPA patients presented with cutaneous manifestations. Twenty‐nine cases provided specific morphological descriptions and lesion location. Common manifestations included purpura (15/29), subcutaneous nodules (8/29), and a macular/papular/maculopapular rash (8/29). However, twelve different cutaneous morphologies were identified in this review. Lesions occurred most commonly on the extremities (26/29). Twenty‐two cases reported corresponding cutaneous histopathology, which revealed extravascular eosinophils (15/22), vasculitis (13/22), and granulomas (5/22). Only one biopsy sample (1/22) had all three classical EGPA characteristics of granulomas, extravascular eosinophils, and vasculitis.ConclusionWith nearly two‐thirds of cEGPA patients presenting with cutaneous manifestation, this study highlights the importance of clinical recognition of this disease by dermatologists. While the varied morphology of skin lesions and rarity of this disease makes cEGPA a difficult diagnosis, prompt recognition and treatment will improve outcomes in this patient population.
Ischemic ulcers of the toes secondary to Raynaud’s phenomenon in a child successfully treated with botulinum toxin
Authors: Quintana Castanedo Lucía , Feito Rodríguez Marta , Maseda Pedrero Rocío , Chiloeches Fernández Clara , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRaynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic vasospastic response to cold or emotional stress causing color changes and pain. These attacks can lead to digital ischemia, ulcers, and gangrene. Severe and refractory RP in children is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians because there are no standardized treatment protocols for these patients. We present a case of RP involving the toes of a child successfully treated with botulinum toxin A.
Preparing for a kidney transplant: Medical nephrectomy in children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Vos Eefke , Koster‐Kamphuis Linda , van de Kar Nicole C. A. J. , Bootsma‐Robroeks Charlotte M. H. H. T. , Cornelissen Elisabeth A. M. , Schreuder Michiel F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and general edema. These symptoms may persist in children who reach ESRD, which is unfavorable for the patient's allograft outcome. In addition, this may hamper early diagnosis of a relapse after transplantation. Surgical bilateral nephrectomy is often considered for that reason, but medical nephrectomy may be a less invasive alternative. In this retrospective single‐center case series, we identified all children on dialysis with ESRD due to nephrotic syndrome in which a medical nephrectomy was attempted before kidney transplantation between 2013 and 2018. Outcome was measured by urine output and serum albumin levels. Eight patients with either congenital nephrotic syndrome or focal segmental glomerular sclerosis were included in the study. All patients received an ACE inhibitor as drug of first choice for medical nephrectomy, to which 5 patients responded with oligoanuria and a significant rise in serum albumin, and 3 patients responded insufficiently. In 1 of these 3 patients, diclofenac was added to the ACE inhibitor, with good result. In the other 2 patients, indomethacin was initiated without success, and surgical bilateral nephrectomy was performed. Overall, 6/8 patients had a successful medical nephrectomy and did not need surgical nephrectomy. No recurrence of nephrotic syndrome was found after kidney transplantation in all but one. Medical nephrectomy with ACE inhibitors and/or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is a safe and non‐invasive therapy to minimize proteinuria in children with ESRD due to nephrotic syndrome before kidney transplantation. We suggest that this strategy should be considered as therapy before proceeding with surgical nephrectomy.
Contemporary PresidencyThe Office of the Chief of Staff in the Trump White House, 2017–2019
Authors: Cohen David B. , Hult Karen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFocusing on White House chiefs of staff and the Office of the Chief of Staff during the first three years of the Donald Trump administration, we examine the office and its occupants in the context of past scholarship on White House structuring and staffing. We discuss four major roles performed by chiefs of staff and their deputies (administrator, advisor, guardian, proxy), exploring their participation in management and in policy processes. We also look at the larger chief of staff's office, noting continuities with, and changes from, previous presidencies. Probing the roles, activities, and performance of President Donald Trump's first three chiefs of staff underscores both the significance of individual presidents in governing and the apparent constraints on their doing so.
Gender Differences in the Perception of Safety in Public Transport
Authors: Ouali Laila Ait Bihi , Graham Daniel J. , Barron Alexander , Trompet Mark 
Published: March 2020

SummaryConcerns over women's safety on public transport systems are commonly reported in the media. We develop statistical models to test for gender differences in the perception of safety and satisfaction on urban metros and buses by using large-scale unique customer satisfaction data for 28 world cities over the period 2009–2018. Results indicate a significant gender gap in the perception of safety, with women being 10% more likely than men to feel unsafe in metros (6% for buses). This gender gap is larger for safety than for overall satisfaction (3% in metros and 2.5% in buses), which is consistent with safety being one dimension of overall satisfaction. Results are stable across specifications and robust to inclusion of city level and time controls. We find heterogeneous responses by sociodemographic characteristics. Data indicate that 45% of women feel secure in trains and metro stations (and 55% in buses). Thus the gender gap encompasses more differences in transport perception between men and women rather than an intrinsic network fear. Additional models test for the influence of metro characteristics on perceived safety levels and find that more acts of violence, larger carriages and emptier vehicles decrease women's feeling of safety.
Toward Comprehensive Industrial Computed Tomography Image Quality Assessment: I. Phantom Design
Authors: Li Xin , Dentinger Aaron , Brault Michelle , Ross William R. , Osterlitz Mark , Fu Lin , Wu Mingye , Price J. Scott , De Man Bruno , Bueno Clifford , Fitzgerald Paul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
When comparing the performance of different industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems, reconstruction algorithms, or scan protocols, it is important to assess how well the required inspection and measurement tasks can be performed. Furthermore, it can be very informative to quantify image quality (IQ) metrics that can provide insight into the IQ characteristics that lead to the resulting inspection or measurement task performance. Inspection and measurement task performance is determined by basic characteristics such as spatial resolution; feature contrast, size, and shape; random noise (noise due to statistical uncertainty in measurements); and image artifacts. In this report, we describe a modular phantom set that enables robustly quantifying these characteristics and also enables assessing the performance of the inspection or measurement tasks themselves. The phantom set includes two phantom bodies and several insert types that can be optionally installed in the bodies. Phantom body extensions can be optionally included to increase scatter. The phantom bodies combined with the available insert types can comprehensively evaluate all important IQ metrics and inspection or measurement tasks. The precisely-known phantom body geometry and insert location, geometry, and orientation supports automatic analysis of large, complex experiments of multiple variables. This phantom set, with the associated image analysis software, could potentially serve as a general evaluation method for non-destructive testing (NDT) CT.
A Model-Based Study of Transmit-Receive Longitudinal Arrays for Inspection of Subsurface Defects
Authors: Mohseni Ehsan , Macleod Charles , Javadi Yashar , Vithanage Randika K. W. , Qiu Zhen , Lines David , Foster Euan , Lukacs Peter , Vasilev Momchil , Zimermann Rastislav , Pierce S. Gareth , Gachagan Anthony 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dual matrix transmit-receive longitudinal (TRL) arrays have been shown to provide an improved signal to noise ratio in the near field zone which makes them the most suitable array configuration for the inspection of near-surface defects. This study aims to compare the performance of different configurations for transmit-receive longitudinal matrix arrays. For this purpose, four matrix configurations of 2 × 32, 4 × 16, 4 × 32, and 8 × 16 elements are investigated using EXTENDE CIVA modeling package. The array operating frequencies investigated are either 5 MHz or 10 MHz. The effect of different natural focal depths, arrays separation distances, dynamic electronic depth focusing, and electronic beam skewing for these TRL arrays are considered in models prepared in CIVA. The inspection of a series of flat bottom holes extended up to a few millimeters under the surface using the selected TRL configurations is also investigated in the study. It is found that the performance of focusing for near-surface areas is more efficient using the 4 × 16 and 8 × 16 elements configurations as compared with the others, and the signal amplitudes of the defects located deeper in the target material are almost independent of the configuration.
Ultrasonic Flaw Recognition by Multi-Angle Phased Array Data Integration
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Xinyan , Guan Xuefei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study presents a method of ultrasonic flaw identification using phased array ultrasonic inspection data. Raw data from each individual channel of the phased array ultrasonic inspection are obtained. The data trimming and de-noising are employed to retain the data within the boundary of the inspected object and remove the speckle noise components from the raw data, respectively. The resulting data are passed into a sequence of signal processing operations to identify embedded flaws. A shape-based filtering method is proposed to reduce the intensity of geometric noise components due to the non-uniform microstructures introduced in the manufacturing process. The resulting data matrices are integrated to obtain the intensity matrix of the possible flaw regions. Thresholding is applied to the intensity matrix to obtain the potential flaw regions, followed by a connected component analysis to identify the flaws. The overall method is demonstrated and validated using realistic phased array experimental data.