bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of pregnancy in adolescence of internally displaced women in Bogotá: an ethnographic approach
Authors: Cadena-Camargo Yazmin , Krumeich Anja , Duque-Páramo Maria Claudia , Horstman Klasien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy in adolescence is higher among internally displaced women in Colombia than non-displaced women. It is defined as a problem with significant negative outcomes by both biomedical and epidemiological approaches. However, little is known about pregnancy during adolescence from the perspective of women who experienced this in the specific context of armed conflict and displacement.AimThis article focuses on how internally displaced women understand their experiences of pregnancy in adolescence in the context of armed conflict through an ethnographic approach in a receptor community of internally displaced women in Bogotá, Colombia.MethodsBased on 10 years of experience in the community, we conducted 1 year of fieldwork, using an ethnographic approach. We collected life stories of 20 internally displaced women through in-depth interviews and ran 8 workshops with them and other women from the community. We used thematic analysis to analyse the responses of internally-displaced women and understand how they made meaning around their experiences of adolescent pregnancy in the context of displacement.ResultsThe main themes that emerged from participants’ experiences include rural violence, early family life (characterized by violence and mistreatment at home), meanings of pregnancy at an early age (including being challenged and feelings of love), and reactions to their pregnancies during adolescence (such as stigmatization) from their families and partners.ConclusionOur analysis of the in-depth interviews and the workshops suggests that adolescent pregnancy among women who are internally displaced has complex dynamics, characterized by the violent context of the rural areas, but primarily by the violence experienced during their childhood. The experience of pregnancy during adolescence brings feelings of ownership and also challenges, together with the forced displacement. This understanding will provide insights for policy makers and healthcare providers on how to work with this specific population who have experienced pregnancy in adolescence.
Comparing self-reported medication adherence measures with hair antiretroviral concentration among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Quan , Li Xiaoming , Qiao Shan , Shen Zhiyong , Zhou Yuejiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Antiretroviral adherence is essential to HIV treatment efficacy. Various self-reported measures are commonly used for assessing antiretroviral adherence. Limited data are available regarding the validity of those self-reported measures in comparison with long-term objective biomarkers of adherence measures such as hair measures.

Methods
Self-reported adherence (frequency, percentage, and visual analog scale [VAS]) and hair tenofovir concentration were evaluated at a single time point from 268 people living with HIV in China. The responses to each of three self-reported measures were converted into percentage and then dichotomized as “optimal” (100%) vs. “suboptimal” (less than 100%) adherence. Two composite adherence scores (CAS) were created from the three self-reported measures: (1) an overall adherence was the average percentage of the three self-reported measures; (2) responses were termed optimal adherence if participants reporting optimal adherence in all three self-reported measures, while were termed suboptimal adherence. Hair tenofovir concentration was also dichotomized as “optimal” (above the limit of quantitation, 36 pg/mg) vs. “suboptimal” adherence (blow 36 pg/mg). Spearman correlation, kappa statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used to calculate the correlations, agreements, and predictions of self-reported measures with hair measure, respectively.

Results
Overall adherence, but any of the three self-reported adherence, was correlated with hair tenofovir concentration (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). Self-reported optimal adherence in VAS and CAS measures were agreed with and predicted optimal adherence assessed by hair measure (Kappa = 0.107, adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.03–3.45; Kappa = 0.109, adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.02–3.18; all p < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion
VAS may be a good individual self-reported measure for antiretroviral adherence, and CAS may be a good composite self-reported measure for antiretroviral adherence.
Optimal radiotherapy for patients with internal mammary lymph node metastasis from breast cancer
Authors: Yang Kyungmi , Kim Haeyoung , Choi Doo Ho , Park Won , Noh Jae Myoung , Cho Won Kyung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the optimal radiotherapy (RT) regimen for patients with clinical metastasis to the internal mammary lymph node (cIMN+) from breast cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 84 patients with cIMN+ breast cancer treated with curative surgery, taxane-based chemotherapy, and postoperative RT between January 2009 and December 2014. Postoperative RT was administered to the whole breast or chest wall using 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. Boost RT to the internal mammary lymph node (IMN) was administered at the physician’s discretion. We categorized patients into two groups according to the IMN dose as follows: low-dose IMN RT (50.0–63.5 Gy) and high-dose IMN RT (63.6–70.4 Gy).

Results
After a median follow-up of 58 months (range, 12–111 months), IMN recurrence was observed in 2 patients (2.4%), and all IMN recurrences developed simultaneously with distant metastases. The 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 89.1, 72.0, and 81.2%, respectively. The triple-negative subtype, IMN size ≥1.0 cm, old age, and low-dose IMN were significantly associated with poor DFS. Among the patients with IMN size ≥1.0 cm, the 5-year DFS was significantly higher in those treated with high-dose IMN RT than in those treated with low-dose IMN RT (69.3% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.019).

Conclusions
IMN RT without IMN dissection resulted in favorable outcomes in cIMN+ breast cancer. For patients with a large IMN, a higher IMN radiation dose might be needed for disease control.
NanoVar: accurate characterization of patients’ genomic structural variants using low-depth nanopore sequencing
Authors: Tham Cheng Yong , Tirado-Magallanes Roberto , Goh Yufen , Fullwood Melissa J. , Koh Bryan T.H. , Wang Wilson , Ng Chin Hin , Chng Wee Joo , Thiery Alexandre , Tenen Daniel G. , Benoukraf Touati 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent advent of third-generation sequencing technologies brings promise for better characterization of genomic structural variants by virtue of having longer reads. However, long-read applications are still constrained by their high sequencing error rates and low sequencing throughput. Here, we present NanoVar, an optimized structural variant caller utilizing low-depth (8X) whole-genome sequencing data generated by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. NanoVar exhibits higher structural variant calling accuracy when benchmarked against current tools using low-depth simulated datasets. In patient samples, we successfully validate structural variants characterized by NanoVar and uncover normal alternative sequences or alleles which are present in healthy individuals.
gscreend: modelling asymmetric count ratios in CRISPR screens to decrease experiment size and improve phenotype detection
Authors: Imkeller Katharina , Ambrosi Giulia , Boutros Michael , Huber Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPooled CRISPR screens are a powerful tool to probe genotype-phenotype relationships at genome-wide scale. However, criteria for optimal design are missing, and it remains unclear how experimental parameters affect results. Here, we report that random decreases in gRNA abundance are more likely than increases due to bottle-neck effects during the cell proliferation phase. Failure to consider this asymmetry leads to loss of detection power. We provide a new statistical test that addresses this problem and improves hit detection at reduced experiment size. The method is implemented in the R package gscreend, which is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/gscreend.
Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism
Authors: Taylor Emily , Holt Rosemary , Tavassoli Teresa , Ashwin Chris , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous research using the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has reported greater sensory hypersensitivity in people with autism spectrum condition (ASC) compared to controls, consistent with other research. However, current scoring of the SPQ does not differentiate between hyper and hyposensitivity, making it uncertain whether individuals with ASC might also show differences in hyposensitivity. Furthermore, no research to date has focused on sensory differences in females, and whether differences in sensory sensitivity extend to the broader autism phenotype (BAP). The present study aimed to fill these gaps.

Methods
The present study developed and validated a Revised Scoring of the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ-RS) in order to investigate self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in three groups of adults: a female ASC group (n = 152), mothers of children with ASC (BAP mothers group; n = 103), and a control mothers group (n = 74). All participants completed the SPQ as a self-report measure of sensory processing and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measure of the degree of autism traits.

Results
The female ASC group reported significantly more hypersensitivity, but not more hyposensitivity, compared to the control female and BAP mothers groups. The BAP mothers group did not differ from the control mothers group in either reported hypersensitivity (p = .365) or hyposensitivity (p = .075), suggesting atypical sensory sensitivity is not a BAP trait within females. SPQ-RS hypersensitivity scores positively correlated with autistic traits in the female ASC (r = .266) and BAP mothers groups (r = .350).

Conclusions
The present findings revealed greater sensory hypersensitivity, but not hyposensitivity, in females with ASC compared to BAP and control female groups, and that a greater degree of autism traits relates to higher hypersensitivity in ASC females. The results offer support for the enhanced perceptual functioning model using large samples of females, who are an understudied population, and demonstrate the validity of the SPQ-RS as a valuable new research tool for exploring self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity.
Comparison between watchful waiting strategy and early initiation of renal replacement therapy in the critically ill acute kidney injury population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jia-Jin , Lee Cheng-Chia , Kuo George , Fan Pei-Chun , Lin Chan-Yu , Chang Su-Wei , Tian Ya-Chung , Chen Yung-Chang , Chang Chih-Hsiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation is debatable. Many articles in this field enrolled trials not based on acute kidney injury. The safety of the watchful waiting strategy has not been fully discussed, and late RRT initiation criteria vary across studies. The effect of early RRT initiation in the AKI population with high plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has not been examined yet.

Methods
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systemically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Trials not conducted in the AKI population were excluded. Data of study characteristics, primary outcome (all-cause mortality), and related secondary outcomes [mechanical ventilation (MV) days, length of hospital stay, RRT days, and length of ICU stay] were extracted. The outcomes were compared between early and late RRT groups by estimating the pooled odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes and the weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes. Prospective trials were also examined and analyzed using the same method.

Results
Nine RCTs with 1938 patients were included. Early RRT did not provide a survival benefit (pooled OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–1.27). However, the early RRT group had significantly fewer MV days (pooled mean difference, − 3.98 days; 95% CI − 7.81 to − 0.15 days). Subgroup analysis showed that RCTs enrolling the surgical population (P = .001) and the AKI population with high plasma NGAL (P = .031) had favorable outcomes regarding RRT days in the early initiation group. Moreover, 6 of 9 RCTs were selected for examining the safety of the watchful waiting strategy, and no significant differences were found in primary and secondary outcomes between the early and late RRT groups.

Conclusions
Overall, early RRT initiation did not provide a survival benefit, but a possible benefit of fewer MV days was detected. Early RRT might also provide the benefit of shorter MV or RRT support in the surgical population and in AKI patients with high plasma NGAL. Depending on the conventional indication for RRT initiation, the watchful waiting strategy is safe on the basis of all primary and secondary outcomes.
Detection of dynamic location primary user emulation on mobile cognitive radio networks using USRP
Authors: Cadena Muñoz Ernesto , Rodriguez-Colina Enrique , Pedraza Luis Fernando , Paez Ingrid Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study and the detection of possible network attacks are essential for wireless networks, in particular for mobile cognitive radio networks due to its characteristics such as the dynamic spectrum allocation and constant frequency hopping. The primary user emulation attack is one of the most significant attacks in cognitive radio, because it hazards the complete cognitive cycle. The techniques used for the detection of primary user emulation found in the literature are based on a fixed attacker location. However, in a mobile environment, the attacker usually has dynamic locations and this compromises the current applied security techniques and generates inefficient attack detection. Therefore, our work proposes a novel technique using cross-layer design for the detection of primary user emulation with mobility. This attack detection technique was tested with experiments using software-defined radio equipment and mobile phones at indoor scenarios with dynamic locations and with a mobile phone base station built up also with software-defined radio. The obtained results show that the combination of the three utilized techniques, energy detection, motion estimation, and application information analysis, are able to optimize the detection with around 100% of effectiveness for the primary user emulation attack with dynamic location. The proposed technique shows that the energy detection time is around 100 ms and for the processing time of the information analysis in the mobile phone is about 30 s. This result shows a practical and effective approach to detect primary emulation attacks. The proposed technique, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has not been presented before in the literature with experiments neither with mobility conditions of the attacker as presented in our proposed work.
Pricing cloud IaaS computing services
Authors: Dimitri Nicola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe economics of cloud computing has recently attracted increasing attention. In particular, a topic which is still under debate is how prices charged to customers for cloud resources are formed, since alternative pricing rules could be considered. Based on three pricing schemes inspired by those used by Amazon EC2, the main global cloud service provider, in the paper we address two main issues. First we present a methodology for the relevant parameters of the pricing rules to be determined in an optimal way, that is to maximise the provider’s revenue. Moreover, we discuss reasons for co-existence of three pricing rules, rather than fewer, to access the cloud. Our findings suggest that this may be due to a larger coverage of the potential demand, since customers applying for cloud services vary in their willingness to pay for the job, the time length of the service, the computational power requested etc. Furthermore, the pricing rule in the so-called, spot market, can provide the platform with useful information on the customers willingness to pay for cloud services. This is because in the spot market users offer a price for service, but pay less than that if their request is satisfied.
A rare case of atropine-resistant bradycardia following sugammadex administration
Authors: Yoshida Takayuki , Sumi Chisato , Uba Takeo , Miyata Haruka , Umegaki Takeshi , Kamibayashi Takahiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundProfound bradycardia caused by sugammadex has been reported, although its mechanism is unclear. Herein, we suggest a possible culprit for this phenomenon.Case presentationA 50-year-old woman without comorbidity except mild obesity underwent a transabdominal hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy. After surgery, sugammadex 200 mg was intravenously administered. Approximately 4 min later, her heart rate decreased to 36 bpm accompanied by hypotension (41/20 mmHg) and ST depression in limb lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Atropine 0.5 mg was injected intravenously without improving the hemodynamics. Intravenous adrenaline 0.5 mg was added despite the lack of signs suggesting allergic reactions. Her heart rate and blood pressure quickly recovered and remained stable thereafter, although 12-lead ECG taken 1 h later still showed ST depression.ConclusionsIn this case, the significant bradycardia appeared attributable to coronary vasospasm (Kounis syndrome) induced by sugammadex, considering the ECG findings and high incidence of anaphylaxis due to sugammadex.
First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Yu Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Similar to outbreaks of many other infectious diseases, success in controlling the novel 2019 coronavirus infection requires a timely and accurate monitoring of the epidemic, particularly during its early period with rather limited data while the need for information increases explosively.

Methods
In this study, we used a second derivative model to characterize the coronavirus epidemic in China with cumulatively diagnosed cases during the first 2 months. The analysis was further enhanced by an exponential model with a close-population assumption. This model was built with the data and used to assess the detection rate during the study period, considering the differences between the true infections, detectable and detected cases.

Results
Results from the second derivative modeling suggest the coronavirus epidemic as nonlinear and chaotic in nature. Although it emerged gradually, the epidemic was highly responsive to massive interventions initiated on January 21, 2020, as indicated by results from both second derivative and exponential modeling analyses. The epidemic started to decelerate immediately after the massive actions. The results derived from our analysis signaled the decline of the epidemic 14 days before it eventually occurred on February 4, 2020. Study findings further signaled an accelerated decline in the epidemic starting in 14 days on February 18, 2020.

Conclusions
The coronavirus epidemic appeared to be nonlinear and chaotic, and was responsive to effective interventions. The methods used in this study can be applied in surveillance to inform and encourage the general public, public health professionals, clinicians and decision-makers to take coordinative and collaborative efforts to control the epidemic.
Preliminary validation of the insomnia severity index in Danish outpatients with a medical condition
Authors: Dieperink Karin Brochstedt , Elnegaard Caroline Matilde , Winther Bodil , Lohman Anna , Zerlang Ida , Möller Sören , Zangger Graziella 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Insomnia is a frequent sleeping disorder in the general and clinical population. With an increasing proportion of health care services being provided as outpatient care, a short, valid and reliable tool is needed to identify insomnia in medical patients under outpatient care in Denmark. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) could be the needed tool if found valid and reliable. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate elements of the psychometric properties of the Danish version of ISI (ISI-DK).

Methods
Outpatients from three hospital wards and one rehabilitation center were asked to complete the ISI-DK twice, 2 weeks apart. Internal consistency, discriminative validity, test-retest reliability, and measurement error was assessed.

Results
The ISI-DK was completed by 249 (79.0%) participants the first time, and 163 (65.5%) the second time. Respondents had a mean age of 58.2 years (SD 13.5) and 63.5% were women. All but one of the discriminative hypotheses was accepted. Internal consistency was high in the global scale at 0.90 and good with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.75–0.88 in the proposed subscales. The test-retest reliability was good, as the intraclass correlation was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87; 0.93). Ceiling and floor effects were low < 4.4%. Standard error of measurement was 2.52 and smallest detectable change 6.99.

Conclusion
This preliminary assessment showed encouraging results supporting the ISI-DK as a valid and reliable tool for screening insomnia severity in Danish outpatients with a medical condition, but further assessments are needed.