bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint-Label Fusion Brain Atlases for Dementia Research in Down Syndrome
Authors: Queder Nazek , Phelan Michael J. , Taylor Lisa , Tustison Nicholas , Doran Eric , Hom Christy , Nguyen Dana , Lai Florence , Pulsifer Margaret , Price Julie , Kreisl William C. , Rosas Diana H. , Krinsky-McHale Sharon , Brickman Adam , Yassa Michael A. , Schupf Nicole , Silverman Wayne , Lott Ira T. , Keator David B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch suggests a link between Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome (DS) and the overexpression of amyloid plaques. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) we can assess the in-vivo regional amyloid load using several available ligands. To measure amyloid distributions in specific brain regions, a brain atlas is used. A popular method of creating a brain atlas is to segment a participant’s structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. Acquiring an MRI is often challenging in intellectually-imparied populations because of contraindications or data exclusion due to significant motion artifacts or incomplete sequences related to general discomfort. When an MRI cannot be acquired, it is typically replaced with a standardized brain atlas derived from neurotypical populations which may be inappropriate for use in DS. In this project, we create a series of disease and diagnosis-specific (cognitively stable, mild cognitive impairment (MCI-DS), and dementia) probabilistic group atlases of participants with DS and evaluate their accuracy of quantifying regional amyloid load compared to our ground truth individual MRI-based segmentations. Further, we compare the diagnostic-specific atlases with a probabilistic atlas constructed from similar-aged cognitively-stable neurotypical participants. We hypothesized that regional PET signals will best match the ground truth by using DS group atlases that aligns with a participant’s disorder and disease status (e.g. DS and MCI-DS). Our results vary by brain region but generally show that using a disorder-specific atlas in DS better matches the ground truth than using an atlas constructed from cognitively-stable neurotypical participants. We found no additional benefit of using a disease-state specific atlas. All atlases are made publicly available for the research community.AbbreviationsAD, DS, Aβ, DSG, CS-DS, CS-NT, LOOCV, ROI, MSE, MRI, PET, JLF, CS, MCI-DS, DEM.
PERCEIVED STIGMATIZATION, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, AND MENTAL HEALTH HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AMONG PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS ATTENDING A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogueji Ifeanyichukwu Anthony , Ojo Taiye Emmanuel , Gidado Taiwo Nurudeen 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAmong the general population of patients with mental illness is a sub-population (psychiatric outpatients) who often encounter limited mental health help-seeking behaviors due to many unknown factors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore some predictors of mental health help-seeking behaviors among psychiatric outpatients. This cross-sectional study accidentally recruited 42 psychiatric outpatients receiving treatment at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria. Their mean age was 27.03±7.05 years (age range = 18-48 years). Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS (v. 22). Statistical significance set at p<.05. The first finding showed a positive but not significant relationship between perceived stigmatization and mental health help-seeking behavior. Second showed that gender had no significant influence on mental health help-seeking behavior. Third showed that age had a positive but not significant relationship with mental health help-seeking behavior. Last finding submitted that clinical diagnosis, religious affiliation, marital status, and educational qualification had a significant joint prediction on mental health help-seeking behaviour, with 28% variance explained. Only religious affiliation had a significant independent prediction. Our findings have practical implications for enhancing mental health help-seeking behavior and strengthening an interdisciplinary approach to mental health care.
An Examination of Sustained Versus Transient Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study Data
Authors: Karcher Nicole R. , Loewy Rachel L. , Savill Mark , Avenevoli Shelli , Huber Rebekah S. , Makowski Carolina , Sher Kenneth J. , Barch Deanna M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveA potential distinguishing factor between more benign and transient psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) versus PLEs that predict risk for psychiatric disorders is whether the PLEs are sustained and distressing (sustained dPLEs). The current study examined associations of both sustained and transient dPLEs with relevant risk factors (e.g., cognition), use of mental health services, and functional correlates (e.g., school performance) in school-age children.MethodThe current study used three Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ study data waves to create sustained dPLE (n=272), transient dPLE (n=244), and control (n=272) groups. Hierarchical linear models examined whether these groups differed in terms of use of mental health services, functional correlates, family history of mental disorders, other symptoms (e.g., parent-rated psychotic symptoms, internalizing, externalizing symptoms), environmental factors (e.g., adverse childhood events [ACEs]), cognitive functioning, developmental milestone delays, and neuroimaging indices.ResultsSeveral factors were more strongly associated with sustained versus transient dPLEs, including use of mental health services (for sustained vs. controls: d=0.38), drop in grades (d=--.30), other symptoms (i.e., parent-rated psychotic, bipolar, internalizing, externalizing, suicidality; 0.33>ds<0.88), ACEs (d=.36), and lower fluid and executive functioning cognitive scores (-0.31>ds<-0.41). For most risk factors, the sustained dPLEs group showed the greatest impairments, followed by the transient group, with the control group showing the least impairments.ConclusionsThese results have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of dPLEs, including indicating that several factors may distinguish transient from persisting dPLEs in children, including higher symptoms and ACEs, lower executive functioning scores, greater use of mental health services, and worsening school performance.
Brain growth and neurodevelopment after surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Schiff Steven J. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Kabachelor Edith Mbabazi , Mugamba John , Ssenyonga Peter , Donnelly Ruth , Levenbach Jody , Monga Vishal , Peterson Mallory , Cherukuri Venkateswararao , Warf Benjamin C. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTImportancePost-infectious hydrocephalus in infants is a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo determine long-term brain growth and cognitive outcome after surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus in Uganda.DesignProspective follow-up of a previously randomized cohort.SettingSingle center in Mbale, Uganda.ParticipantsInfants (<180 days old) with post-infectious hydrocephalus.InterventionsEndoscopic or shunt surgery.Main outcomesBayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-3) and brain volume on computed tomography (raw and normalized for age and sex) at 2 years after treatment.ResultsEighty-nine infants were assessed for 2-year outcome. There were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment arms, so they were analyzed together. Raw brain volumes increased between baseline and 24 months (median change=361 cc, IQR=293 to 443, p<0.001), but almost all of this increase was seen in the first year (median change=381 cc, IQR=310 to 442, p<0.001), with very little change between 12 and 24 months (median change=-5 cc, IQR=-52 to 42, p=0.66). The fraction of those with a normal brain volume increased from 15% at baseline to 50% at 1 year, but then declined to 18% at 2 years. Substantial normalized brain volume loss was seen in 21% between baseline and year 2 and in 77% between years 1 and 2. The extent of brain growth in the first year was not associated with extent of brain volume changes in the second year. There were significant positive correlations between 2-year brain volume and all BSID-3 scores and BSID-3 changes from baseline.Conclusions and RelevanceIn sub-Saharan Africa, even after successful surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus, post-treatment brain growth stagnates in the second year. While the reasons for this are unclear, this emphasizes the importance of primary infection prevention strategies along with optimizing the child’s environment to maximize brain growth potential.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01936272KEY POINTSQuestionWhat is the brain growth and cognitive trajectory of infants treated for post-infectious hydrocephalus in Uganda?FindingsIn this prospective follow-up of a cohort of 89 infants, early normalization of brain volume after treatment was followed by brain growth stagnation in the second year, with many falling back into the sub-normal range. Poor brain growth was associated with poor cognitive outcome.MeaningSuccessful surgical treatment of hydrocephalus is not sufficient to allow for adequate brain growth and cognitive development. Interventions aimed at primary infection prevention and reducing comorbidities are needed to improve brain growth potential.
Plasma lipidomic profiles and risk of diabetes: two prospective cohorts of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals
Authors: Zhang Eric , Chai Jin Choul , Deik Amy A. , Hua Simin , Sharma Anjali , Schneider Michael F. , Gustafson Deborah , Hanna David B. , Lake Jordan E. , Rubin Leah H. , Post Wendy S. , Anastos Kathryn , Brown Todd , Clish Clary B. , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAntiretroviral therapy (ART) use is associated with disrupted lipid and glucose metabolism in people with HIV-infection. We aimed to identify plasma lipid species associated with risk of diabetes in the context of HIV infection.Research Design and MethodsWe profiled 211 plasma lipid species in 491 HIV-infected and 203 HIV-uninfected participants aged 35-55 years from the Women’s Interagency HIV study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine associations between baseline lipid species and incident diabetes (166 diabetes cases were identified during a median follow-up of 12.6 years).ResultsWe identified 11 lipid species, representing independent signals for 8 lipid classes/subclasses, associated with risk of diabetes (P<0.05 after FDR correction). After adjustment for multiple covariates, cholesteryl ester (CE)(22:4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(18:2), phosphatidylcholine (PC)(36:4), phosphatidylcholine-plasmalogen(34:3), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(38:2) were associated with decreased risk of diabetes (HRs=0.70 to 0.82 per SD increment), while diacylglycerol(32:0), LPC(14:0), PC(38:3), PE(36:1), and triacylglycerol(50:1) were associated with increased risk of diabetes (HRs=1.26 to 1.56 per SD increment). HIV serostatus did not modify any lipid-diabetes associations; however, most of these lipid species were positively associated with HIV and/or ART use, including 3 diabetes-decreased (CE(22:4), LPC(18:2), PE(38:2)) and all 5 diabetes-increased lipid species.ConclusionsThis study identified multiple plasma lipid species associated with incident diabetes. Regardless of the directions of their associations with diabetes, most diabetes-associated lipid species were elevated in ART-treated people with HIV-infection. This suggests a complex role of lipids in the link between ART and diabetes in HIV infection.
Mental Health of Keyworkers in the UK during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-sectional Analysis of a Community Cohort
Authors: Ayling Kieran , Jia Ru , Chalder Trudie , Massey Adam , Broadbent Elizabeth , Coupland Carol , Vedhara Kavita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious pandemics have resulted in high levels of psychological morbidity among frontline workers. Here we report on the early mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on keyworkers in the UK, as assessed during the first six weeks of nationwide social distancing measures being introduced. Comparisons are made with non-keyworkers, and psychological factors that may be protective to keyworkers’ mental health are explored.DesignCross-sectional analysis of a community cohort study.MethodsDuring April 2020, keyworkers (n=1559) and non-keyworkers (n=1436) completed online measures of depression, anxiety, and stress levels as well as explanatory demographic and psychological factors hypothesised to be related to these mental health outcomes.ResultsKeyworkers reported significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress than pre-pandemic population norms. Compared to non-keyworkers, keyworkers were more likely to worry about COVID-19 and perceived they were at higher risk from the virus. This was particularly evident for health and social care keyworkers. Younger keyworkers and those in a clinically increased risk group were more likely to report poorer mental health. Lower positive mood, greater loneliness and worrying more about COVID-19 were all associated with poorer mental health outcomes amongst keyworkers.ConclusionsThe mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on keyworkers in the UK has been substantial. Worry about COVID-19 and perceived risk from COVID-19 in keyworkers are understandable given potential increased exposure to the virus. Younger and clinically vulnerable keyworkers may benefit most from any interventions that seek to mitigate the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery around the World
Authors: Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo , Xu Zhiming , Liu Xia , Mola Ana , Gallagher Robyn , Babu Abraham Samuel , Yeung Colin , Marzolini Susan , Buckley John , Oh Paul , Contractor Aashish , Grace Sherry L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate impacts of COVID-19 on CR delivery around the globe, including effects on providers and patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a piloted survey was administered to CR programs globally via REDCap from April-June/2020. The 50 members of the ICCPR and personal contacts facilitated program identification.ResultsOverall, 1062(18.3% program response rate) responses were received from 70/111(63.1% country response rate) countries in the world with existent CR programs. Of these, 367(49.1%) programs reported they had stopped CR delivery, and 203(27.1%) stopped temporarily (mean=8.3±2.8weeks). Alternative models were delivered in 322(39.7%) programs, primarily through low-tech modes (n=226,19.3%). 353(30.2%) respondents were re-deployed, and 276 (37.3%) felt the need to work due to fear of losing their job, despite the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 (mean=30.0%±27.4/100). 266(22.5%) reported anxiety, 241(20.4%) were concerned about exposing their family, 113(9.7%) reported increased workload to transition to remote delivery, and 105(9.0%) were juggling caregiving responsibilities during business hours. Patients were often contacting staff regarding grocery shopping for heart-healthy foods (n=333,28.4%), how to use technology to interact with the program (n=329,27.9%), having to stop their exercise because they have no place to exercise (n=303,25.7%), and their risk of death from COVID-19 due to pre-existing cardiovascular disease (n=249,21.2%). Respondents perceived staff (n=488,41.3%) and patient (n=453,38.6%) personal protective equipment, as well as COVID-19 screening (n=414,35.2%) and testing (n=411,35.0%) as paramount to in-person service resumption.ConclusionApproximately 4400 programs ceased service delivery. Those that remain open are implementing new technologies to ensure their patients receive CR safely, despite the challenges.Highlights-COVID-19 has impacted cardiac rehabilitation (CR) delivery around the globe.-In this cross-sectional study, a survey was completed by 1062 (18.3%) CR programs from 70 (63.1%) countries.-The pandemic has resulted in cessation of ∼75% of CR programs, with others ceasing initiation of new patients, reducing components delivered, and/or changing of mode delivery with little opportunity for planning and training.-There is also significant psychosocial and economic impact on CR providers.-Alternative CR model (e.g. home-based, virtual) reimbursement advocacy is needed, to ensure safe, accessible secondary prevention delivery.
Tracing the evolution of aneuploid cancers by multiregional sequencing with CRUST
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Karlsson Jenny , Valind Anders , Andersson Natalie , Gisselsson David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClonal deconvolution of mutational landscapes is crucial to understand the evolutionary dynamics of cancer. Two limiting factors for clonal deconvolution that have remained unresolved are variation in tumor cell fraction (TCF) and chromosomal copy number across different samples of the same tumor. We developed a semi-supervised algorithm that tracks variant calls through multi-sample spatiotemporal tumor data. While normalizing allele frequencies based on TCF it also adjusts for copy number changes at clonal deconvolution. Absent à priori copy number data, it rendersin silicocopy number estimations from bulk sequences. Using published and simulated tumor sequences, we reliably segregated clonal/subclonal variants even at low sequencing depth (∼50x). Given at least one pure tumor sample (>70% TCF), we could normalize and deconvolve paired samples down to a TCF of 40%. This renders a reliable clonal reconstruction well adapted to multi-regionally sampled solid tumor, which are often aneuploid and contaminated by non-cancer cells.
A Recombinant Protein Biomarker DDA Library Increases DIA Coverage of Low Abundance Plasma Proteins
Authors: Ahn Seong Beom , Kamath Karthik S. , Mohamedali Abidali , Noor Zainab , Wu Jemma X. , Pascovici Dana , Adhikari Subash , Cheruku Harish R. , Guillemin Gilles J. , McKay Matthew J. , Nice Edouard C. , Baker Mark S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCredible detection and quantification of low abundance proteins from human blood plasma is a major challenge in precision medicine biomarker discovery when using mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we employed a mixture of recombinant proteins in DDA libraries to subsequently detect cancer-associated low abundance plasma proteins using SWATH/DIA. The exemplar DDA recombinant protein spectral library (rPSL) was derived from tryptic digestion of 36 human recombinant proteins that had been previously implicated as possible cancer biomarkers in both our own and other studies. The rPSL was then used to identify proteins from non-depleted colorectal cancer (CRC) plasmas by SWATH-MS. Most (32/36) of the proteins in the rPSL were reliably identified in plasma samples, including 8 proteins (BTC, CXCL10, IL1B, IL6, ITGB6, TGFα, TNF, TP53) not previously detected using high-stringency MS in human plasmas according to PeptideAtlas. The rPSL SWATH-MS protocol was compared to DDA-MS using MARS-depleted and post-digestion peptide fractionated plasmas (here referred to as a human plasma DDA library). Of the 32 proteins identified using rPSL SWATH, only 12 were identified using DDA-MS. The 20 additional proteinsexclusivelyidentified by using the rPSL approach with SWATH were mostly lower abundance (i.e., <10ng/ml) plasma proteins. To mitigate FDR concerns, and replicating a more typical approach, the DDA rPSL was also merged into a human plasma DDA library. When SWATH identification was repeated using this merged library, the majority (33/36) of low abundance plasma proteins from the rPSL could still be identified using high-stringency HPP Guidelines v3.0 protein inference criteria.
Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Increases SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COPD
Authors: Osan Jaspreet K. , Talukdar Sattya N. , Feldmann Friederike , Ann DeMontigny Beth , Jerome Kailey , Bailey Kristina L. , Feldmann Heinz , Mehedi Masfique 
Published: November 2020

SummarySARS-CoV-2 has become a major problem across the globe, with approximately 50 million cases and more than 1 million deaths and currently no approved treatment or vaccine. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the underlying conditions in adults of any age that place them at risk for developing severe illness associated with COVID-19. We established an airway epithelium model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy and COPD lung cells. We found that both the entry receptor ACE2 and the co-factor transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 are expressed at higher levels on nonciliated goblet cell, a novel target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 infected goblet cells and induced syncytium formation and cell sloughing. We also found that SARS-CoV-2 replication was increased in the COPD airway epithelium likely due to COPD associated goblet cell hyperplasia. Our results reveal goblet cells play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung.
Type 1 dopamine receptor (D1R)-independent circadian food anticipatory activity in mice
Authors: Assali Dina R. , Sidikpramana Michael , Villa Andrew P. , Falkenstein Jeffrey , Steele Andrew D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms are entrained by light and influenced by non-photic stimuli, such as feeding. The activity preceding scheduled mealtimes, food anticipatory activity (FAA), is elicited in rodents fed a limited amount at scheduled times. FAA is thought to be the output of an unidentified food entrained oscillator. Previous studies, using gene deletion and receptor pharmacology, implicated dopamine type receptor 1 (D1R) signaling in the dorsal striatum as necessary for FAA in mice. To further understand the role of D1R in promoting FAA, we utilized the Cre-lox system to create cell type-specific deletions of D1R. We were unsuccessful in obtaining conditional deletion of D1R when using transgenically drivenD1R-Cre. We then created a conditional deletion of D1R in GABA neurons usingVgat-ires-Creline, which had attenuated FAA, but the amount was higher than expected based on prior results using a constitutive knockout of D1R,D1R KODrago. This result prompted us to re-test the originalD1R KODragoline, which expressed less FAA than controls, but only moderately so. To determine if genetic drift had diminished the effect of D1R deletion on FAA, we re-established theD1R KODragoknockout line from cryopreserved samples. The reestablishedD1R KODrago-cryohad a clear impairment of FAA compared to controls, but still developed increased activity preceding mealtime across the 4 weeks of timed feeding. Finally, we tested a different deletion allele ofD1Rcreated by the Knockout Mouse Project. This line ofD1R KOKOMPmice had a significant impairment in the acquisition of FAA, but eventually reached similar levels of premeal activity compared to controls after 4 weeks of timed feeding. Taken together, our results suggest that D1R signaling promotes FAA, but other dopamine receptors likely contribute to FAA given that mice lacking the D1 receptor still retain some FAA.