bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations between child self-control, maternal relational frustration, and teacher–child conflict: a longitudinal study with children from dual-earner families
Authors: Ferreira Tiago , Cadima Joana , Matias Marisa , Leal Teresa , Mena Matos Paula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the early childhood period. We examined the influence of work–family conflict (WFC) on maternal relational frustration (RF) towards the child, and investigated the reciprocal relations among maternal RF, children's self-control (SC), and teacher–child (TC) conflict over time. Participants were 214 children (97 girls;Mage = 4.00 years), their mothers, and teachers. Mothers reported their own WFC and RF, whereas teachers reported child SC and T-C conflict. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated the experience of WFC positively predicted maternal RF. Maternal RF and T-C conflict were negatively related to the child later SC abilities. Conversely, children who displayed SC difficulties were more likely to experience later maternal RF and T-C conflict. There was evidence supporting the bidirectional effects of child SC and T-C conflict across time. Moreover, maternal RF and T-C conflict were indirectly linked, via child SC. The findings are consistent with a transactional view of development, stressing the importance of contextual factors to the quality of caregiving relationships and highlighting the complex and reciprocal relations between child regulatory competence and the quality of relationships with distinct caregivers.
Gender Gaps, Partisan Gaps, and Cross-Pressures: An Examination of American Attitudes toward the Use of Force
Authors: Hansen Michael A. , Clemens Jennifer L. , Dolan Kathleen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores the gender gap in attitudes toward the use of military force in the United States. Given that the United States has been continuously engaged in war for the last 17 years, we revisit the topic and explore whether a gender gap in attitudes persists by utilizing Cooperative Congressional Election Study data for 2006–16. In addition, given the primacy of partisanship to issue attitudes, we go beyond examining the gender gap to explore the impact of partisanship on these attitudes. We find that women are less likely than men to support the use of force in most circumstances. We also find gender gaps in the Democratic and Republican parties and acknowledge the diversity among women and among men in these attitudes because of partisan identity. Finally, we identify points of cross-pressure on individuals whose gender and partisan identities pull them in different directions, namely, Republican women and Democratic men.
COVID-19 and economic recovery in compliance with climate targets
Authors: Diesendorf Mark 
Published: November 2020

Non-technical summaryA small benefit of the disastrous COVID-19 pandemic has been the temporary reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper asks: what strategies can return people to workwithoutreturning to the old high-emissions economy? How can we modify the old economic system to reduce environmental impacts while rebuilding employment? Technological change, such as replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy (RE), is necessary but, in an economy that's growing, unlikely to be sufficiently rapid to avoid dangerous climate change. Degrowth in physical consumption, especially by the ‘rich’ 10%, towards a steady-state economy, is needed as well as low-carbon jobs.
Variable Quaternary Uplift Along the Southern Margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau Inferred From Modeling Marine Terrace Sequences
Authors: Racano Simone , Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Cosentino Domenico , Melnick Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) records a strong uplift phase after the early Middle Pleistocene, which has been related to the slab break‐off of the subducting Arabian plate beneath the Anatolian microplate. During the last 450 kyr the area underwent an uplift phase at a mean rate of ~3.2 m/kyr, as suggested by Middle Pleistocene marine sediments exposed at ~1,500 m above sea level. These values are significantly higher than the 1.0–1.5 m/kyr estimated since the Late Pleistocene, suggesting temporal variations in uplift rate. To estimate changes in uplift rate during the Pleistocene we studied the marine terraces along the CAP southern margin, mapping the remnants of the platforms and their associated deposits in the field, and used the TerraceM software to identify the position and elevation of associated shoreline angles. We used shoreline angles and the timing of Quaternary marine sedimentation as constrains for a Landscape Evolution Model that simulates wave erosion of an uplifting coast. We applied random optimization algorithms and minimization statistics to find the input parameters that better reproduce the morphology of CAP marine terraces. The best‐fitting uplift rate history suggests a significative increase from 1.9 to 3.5 m/kyr between 500 and 200 kyr, followed by an abrupt decrease to 1.4 m/kyr until the present. Our results agree with slab break‐off models, which suggest a strong uplift pulse during slab rupture followed by a smoother decrease.
Thermoelastic Response of the Juno Spacecraft's Solar Array/Magnetometer Boom and Its Applicability to Improved Magnetic Field Investigation
Authors: Herceg M. , Jørgensen P. S. , Jørgensen J. L. , Connerney J. E. P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJuno was inserted into a polar orbit about Jupiter on 4 July 2016. Juno's magnetic field investigation acquires vector measurements of the Jovian magnetic field using a pair of a triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometers (FGMs) colocated with four attitude‐sensing star cameras on an optical bench. The optical bench is placed on a boom at the outer extremity of one of Juno's three solar arrays. The Magnetic Field investigation (MAG) uses measurements of the optical bench inertial attitude provided by the micro‐Advanced Stellar Compass (μASC) to render accurate vector measurements of the planetary magnetic field. During periJoves, orientation of the MAG Optical Benches (MOB) is determined using the spacecraft (SC) attitude combined with transformations between SC and MOB coordinate frames. Substantial prelaunch effort was expended to maximize the thermomechanical stability of the Juno solar arrays and MAG boom. Nevertheless, the Juno flight experience demonstrates that the transformation between SC and MAG reference frames varies significantly in response to spacecraft thermal excursions associated with large attitude maneuvers and proximate encounters with Jupiter. This response is monitored by comparing attitudes provided by the MAG investigation's four Camera Head Units (CHUs) with those provided by the Stellar Reference Unit (SRU). These systematic variations in relative orientation are thought to be caused by the thermoelastic flexure of the Juno solar array in response to temperature excursions associated with maneuvers and heating during close passages of Jupiter. In this paper, we investigate these thermal effects and propose a model for compensation of the MAG boom flexure.
Northward Propagation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Strengthening of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Hari Vittal , Villarini Gabriele , Karmakar Subhankar , Wilcox Laura J. , Collins Mat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince 2002, there has been a clear increase in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). We demonstrate that this increase is associated with a change in the dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Using a recently released reanalysis product from 1980–2016, we show that the ITCZ has strengthened and propagated northward since 2002. Analysis of the total energy budget reveals an increase in energy divergence and atmospheric diabatic heating, which is consistent with the changes in the ITCZ. Although global aerosol optical depth shows a significant positive trend during 1980–2016, it has declined over many parts of India since 2002. We put forward the hypothesis that this is the driver of the changing characteristics of the ITCZ. Our results suggest that changes in the dynamics of the ITCZ, together with changes in the energy/moisture budget, are responsible for the strengthening of ISMR since 2002, consistent with the emergence of a greenhouse gas‐induced signal.
Formation of the Low‐Energy “Finger” Ion Spectral Structure Near the Inner Edge of the Plasma Sheet
Authors: Wang Y. B. , Kistler L. M. , Mouikis C. G. , Zhang J. C. , Lu J. Y. , Welling D. , Rastaetter L. , Bingham S. , Jin Y. W. , Wang L. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a case study of the H+, He+, and O+ low‐energy “finger” structure observed by the Van Allen Probe A Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) spectrometer on 26 October 2016. This structure, whose characteristic energy is from approximately tens of eV to a few keV, looks like a “finger” that is rich in O+ and He+, faint in H+ on an energy‐time spectrogram. By using the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) and Weimer05 electric fields, combined with a dipole or more self‐consistent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) magnetic field, backward tracing of O+ reveals that the structure is formed by ions with a long drift time from the plasma sheet during the magnetic storm main phase to the inner region with trajectories dominated by eastward drift motion, and the formation depends on the convection electric field model. The heavy ion dominance of the feature is explained by charge exchange losses along the long slow drift paths.
Shear Instability and Turbulence Within a Submesoscale Front Following a Storm
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey R. , Rodrigues Arthur , Schultze Larissa K. P. , Merckelbach Lucas M. , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Baschek Burkard , Umlauf Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNarrow baroclinic fronts are observed in the surface mixed layer (SML) of the Baltic Sea following an autumn storm. The fronts are subjected to hydrodynamic instabilities that lead to submesoscale and turbulent motions while restratifying the SML. We describe observations from an ocean glider that combines currents, stratification, and turbulence microstructure in a high horizontal resolution (150–300 m) to analyze such fronts. The observations show that SML turbulence is strongly modulated by frontal activity, acting as both source and sink for turbulent kinetic energy. In particular, a direct route to turbulent dissipation within the front is linked to shear instability caused by elevated nongeostrophic shear. The turbulent dissipation of frontal kinetic energy is large enough that it could be a significant influence in the evolution of the front and demonstrates that small‐scale turbulence can act as a significant sink of submesoscale kinetic energy.
Imprints of Sunspot Cycles on Normal and Abnormal Geomagnetic Fields: Case Study From Equatorial and Low‐Latitude Sites of India
Authors: Chandrasekhar N. Phani , Roy Arka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe quiet time characteristics of equatorial electrojet (EEJ), counter electrojet (CEJ), and solar quiet (Sq) day geomagnetic field over two decades (1980–2002) are established using Principal component analysis (PCA) from equatorial (Ettaiyapuram) and off‐equatorial (Hyderabad) Magnetic Observatories, India, over sunspot cycles 21–23. The patterns of normal field shows that the diurnal amplitudes were strong during equinox compared to other seasons. Varying contributions of abnormal field in different Lloyd's seasons were evident in different phases of sunspot cycle. The diurnal amplitudes have reduced from the 21st to the 23rd sunspot maxima following the trend of weakening of sunspot cycle. Analysis of seasonal means shows evening CEJs were more pronounced when compared to morning and afternoon in different phases of sunspot cycle. The abnormal field variations have a strong correlation with the occurrence of afternoon CEJs during solar minima; a correlation of seasonal occurrences of CEJs with phases of sunspot cycles is revealed.
International Coordination and Support for SmallSat‐Enabled Space Weather Activities
Authors: Nieves‐Chinchilla Teresa , Lal Bhavya , Robinson Robert , Caspi Amir , Jackson David R. , Moretto Jørgensen Therese , Spann James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvances in space weather science and small satellite (SmallSat) technology have proceeded in parallel over the past two decades, but better communication and coordination are needed among the respective worldwide communities contributing to this rapid progress. We identify six areas where improved international coordination is especially desirable, including (1) orbital debris mitigation; (2) spectrum management; (3) export control regulations; (4) access to timely and low‐cost launch opportunities; (5) inclusive data policies; and (6) education. We argue the need for internationally coordinated policies and programs to promote the use of SmallSats for space weather research and forecasting while realizing maximum scientific and technical advances through the integration of these two increasingly important endeavors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor encoded by Parapoxviruses can regulate metabolism and survival of triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Bose Dipayan , Banerjee Sagarika , Singh Rajnish Kumar , Wise Lyn M. , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDysbiotic microbiomes are linked to many pathological outcomes including different metabolic disorders like diabetes, atherosclerosis and even cancer. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer associated death in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type with major challenges for intervention. Previous reports suggested that Parapoxvirus signatures are one of the predominant dysbiotic viral signatures in TNBC. These viruses encode several genes that are homologs of human genes. In this study, we show that the VEGF homolog encoded by Parapoxviruses, can induce cell proliferation, and alter metabolism of breast cancer and normal breast cells, through alteration of MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling. In addition, the activity of the transcription factor FoxO1 was altered by viral-encoded VEGF through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, leading to reprogramming of cellular metabolic gene expression. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the function of viral-encoded VEGFs, which promoted the growth of the breast cancer cells and imparted proliferative phenotype with altered metabolism in normal breast cells.
A reference catalog of DNA palindromes in the human genome and their variations in 1000 Genomes
Authors: Ganapathiraju Madhavi K. , Subramanian Sandeep , Chaparala Srilakshmi , Karunakaran Kalyani B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA palindrome in DNA is like a palindrome in language, but when read backwards, it is a complement of the forward sequence; effectively, the two halves of a sequence complement each other from its midpoint like in a double strand of DNA. Palindromes are distributed throughout the human genome and play significant roles in gene expression and regulation. Palindromic mutations are linked to many human diseases, such as neuronal disorders, mental retardation, and various cancers. In this work, we computed and analyzed the palindromic sequences in the human genome and studied their conservation in personal genomes using 1000 Genomes data. We found that ~30% of the palindromes exhibit variation, some of which are caused by rare variants. The analysis of disease/trait-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in palindromic regions showed that disease-associated risk variants are 14 times more likely to be present in palindromic regions than in other regions. The catalog of palindromes in the reference genome and 1000 Genomes is being made available here with details on their variations in each individual genome to serve as a resource for future and retrospective whole-genome studies identifying statistically significant palindrome variations associated with diseases or traits and their roles in disease mechanisms.
Streamlined inactivation, amplification, and Cas13-based detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Arizti-Sanz Jon , Freije Catherine A. , Stanton Alexandra C. , Petros Brittany A. , Boehm Chloe K. , Siddiqui Sameed , Shaw Bennett M. , Adams Gordon , Kosoko-Thoroddsen Tinna-Solveig F. , Kemball Molly E. , Uwanibe Jessica N. , Ajogbasile Fehintola V. , Eromon Philomena E. , Gross Robin , Wronka Loni , Caviness Katie , Hensley Lisa E. , Bergman Nicholas H. , MacInnis Bronwyn L. , Happi Christian T. , Lemieux Jacob E. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Myhrvold Cameron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that new diagnostic technologies are essential for controlling disease transmission. Here, we develop SHINE (Streamlined Highlighting of Infections to Navigate Epidemics), a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from unextracted samples. We identify the optimal conditions to allow RPA-based amplification and Cas13-based detection to occur in a single step, simplifying assay preparation and reducing run-time. We improve HUDSON to rapidly inactivate viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva in 10 min. SHINE’s results can be visualized with an in-tube fluorescent readout — reducing contamination risk as amplification reaction tubes remain sealed — and interpreted by a companion smartphone application. We validate SHINE on 50 nasopharyngeal patient samples, demonstrating 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to RT-qPCR with a sample-to-answer time of 50 min. SHINE has the potential to be used outside of hospitals and clinical laboratories, greatly enhancing diagnostic capabilities.
Enhancer remodeling promotes tumor-initiating activity in NRF2-activated non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Okazaki Keito , Anzawa Hayato , Liu Zun , Ota Nao , Kitamura Hiroshi , Onodera Yoshiaki , Alam Md. Morshedul , Matsumaru Daisuke , Suzuki Takuma , Katsuoka Fumiki , Tadaka Shu , Motoike Ikuko , Watanabe Mika , Hayasaka Kazuki , Sakurada Akira , Okada Yoshinori , Yamamoto Masayuki , Suzuki Takashi , Kinoshita Kengo , Sekine Hiroki , Motohashi Hozumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranscriptional dysregulation, which can be caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations, is a fundamental feature of many cancers. A key cytoprotective transcriptional activator, NRF2, is often aberrantly activated in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and supports both aggressive tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. Herein, we find that persistently activated NRF2 in NSCLCs generates enhancers at gene loci that are not normally regulated by transiently activated NRF2 under physiological conditions. Elevated accumulation of CEBPB in NRF2-activated NSCLCs is found to be one of the prerequisites for establishment of the unique NRF2-dependent enhancers, among which the NOTCH3 enhancer is shown to be critical for promotion of tumor-initiating activity. Enhancer remodeling mediated by NRF2-CEBPB cooperativity promotes tumor-initiating activity and drives malignancy of NRF2-activated NSCLCs via establishment of the NRF2-NOTCH3 regulatory axis.
Inferring the molecular and phenotypic impact of amino acid variants with MutPred2
Authors: Pejaver Vikas , Urresti Jorge , Lugo-Martinez Jose , Pagel Kymberleigh A. , Lin Guan Ning , Nam Hyun-Jun , Mort Matthew , Cooper David N. , Sebat Jonathan , Iakoucheva Lilia M. , Mooney Sean D. , Radivojac Predrag 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIdentifying pathogenic variants and underlying functional alterations is challenging. To this end, we introduce MutPred2, a tool that improves the prioritization of pathogenic amino acid substitutions over existing methods, generates molecular mechanisms potentially causative of disease, and returns interpretable pathogenicity score distributions on individual genomes. Whilst its prioritization performance is state-of-the-art, a distinguishing feature of MutPred2 is the probabilistic modeling of variant impact on specific aspects of protein structure and function that can serve to guide experimental studies of phenotype-altering variants. We demonstrate the utility of MutPred2 in the identification of the structural and functional mutational signatures relevant to Mendelian disorders and the prioritization of de novo mutations associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders. We then experimentally validate the functional impact of several variants identified in patients with such disorders. We argue that mechanism-driven studies of human inherited disease have the potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of clinically actionable variants.
Assembling custom side chains on proteoglycans to interrogate their function in living cells
Authors: Wang Wenshuang , Han Naihan , Xu Yingying , Zhao Yunxue , Shi Liran , Filmus Jorge , Li Fuchuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProteoglycans (PGs) are composed of a core protein and one or more chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The highly heterogeneous GAG chains play an irreplaceable role in the functions of PGs. However, the lack of an approach to control the exact structure of GAG chains conjugated to PGs tremendously hinders functional studies of PGs. Herein, by using glypican-3 as a model, we establish an aldehyde tag-based approach to assemble PGs with specific GAG chains on the surface of living cells. We show that the engineered glypican-3 can regulate Wnt and Hedgehog signaling like the wild type. Furthermore, we also present a method for studying the interaction of PGs with their target glycoproteins by combining the assembly of PGs carrying specific GAG chains with metabolic glycan labeling, and most importantly, we obtain evidence of GPC3 directly interacting with Frizzled. In conclusion, this study provides a very useful platform for structural and functional studies of PGs with specific GAG chains.
Post-lockdown SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening in nearly ten million residents of Wuhan, China
Authors: Cao Shiyi , Gan Yong , Wang Chao , Bachmann Max , Wei Shanbo , Gong Jie , Huang Yuchai , Wang Tiantian , Li Liqing , Lu Kai , Jiang Heng , Gong Yanhong , Xu Hongbin , Shen Xin , Tian Qingfeng , Lv Chuanzhu , Song Fujian , Yin Xiaoxv , Lu Zuxun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStringent COVID-19 control measures were imposed in Wuhan between January 23 and April 8, 2020. Estimates of the prevalence of infection following the release of restrictions could inform post-lockdown pandemic management. Here, we describe a city-wide SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening programme between May 14 and June 1, 2020 in Wuhan. All city residents aged six years or older were eligible and 9,899,828 (92.9%) participated. No new symptomatic cases and 300 asymptomatic cases (detection rate 0.303/10,000, 95% CI 0.270–0.339/10,000) were identified. There were no positive tests amongst 1,174 close contacts of asymptomatic cases. 107 of 34,424 previously recovered COVID-19 patients tested positive again (re-positive rate 0.31%, 95% CI 0.423–0.574%). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan was therefore very low five to eight weeks after the end of lockdown.