bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic complex electrical conductivity of black shale and mudstone from the Moffat Shale Group (Ireland)
Authors: Römhild L. , Sonntag M. , Kiyan D. , Rogers R. , Rath V. , Börner J.H. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe geological setting in the north of Ireland, especially concerning the origin of the Moffat Shale Group, has long been under discussion. Within the Tellus Programme of the Geological Survey Ireland, airborne electromagnetic measurements revealed high‐conductivity anomalies that have been interpreted as the response of a black shale. In order to petrophysically characterize the Moffat Shale, a laboratory study using material from two shallow boreholes was carried out. The study focuses on spectral induced polarization measurements on 23 oriented samples in the frequency range from 10−4 to 105 Hz.The sample material can be categorized into two groups. A mudstone‐like rock type shows weakly frequency‐dependent, porosity‐driven conductivities with a strong anisotropy. On the other hand, black shale samples are characterized by moderately anisotropic but strong polarization effects especially at low frequencies and a strong conductivity increase towards higher frequencies. The polarization in the black shale is controlled by the texture and volume fraction of the polarizable components. The spectral induced polarization data are processed by means of a Debye decomposition approach. The anisotropy of the complex electrical conductivity is determined by utilizing the foliation dip angle and assuming tilted transverse isotropic conditions. The relevance of the laboratory findings for airborne electromagnetic surveys is addressed with a synthetic one‐dimensional modelling study.
Effect of organic grafting expandable graphite on combustion behaviors and thermal stability of low‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Li Lingtong , Wang Dezhao , Chen Shaopeng , Zhang Yiyin , Wu Yifan , Wang Na , Chen Xiaolang , Qin Jun , Zhang Kun , Wu Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn efficient approach has been proposed for improving the flame retardancy of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) by organic‐inorganic intumescent interfacial flame retardants, avoiding the damage to intrinsic performances of LDPE caused by high loading of flame‐retardant additives. The expandable graphite (EG) particles are successfully functionalized by a grafting process containing phosphorous, exhibiting the excellent thermal stability and high flame‐retardant efficiency. Then a battery of flame‐retardant LDPE composites with different content of grafted EG (GEG) are fabricated and investigated. The results indicate that the Underwriters Laboratories‐94 V‐0 is achieved, and the limiting oxygen index is as high as 25.1% when 12 wt% GEG particles are filled into LDPE matrix. The residues of the flame‐retardant LDPE composites observably increase with the addition of GEG. The results of cone calorimeter test also verify that GEG is an efficient flame retardant for LDPE due to the interfacial effect between graphite and inorganic flame retardant. Besides, the microtopography of residual char shows that the LDPE/GEG composites are more compact and integrated after burning. This interfacial grafting flame retardant exhibits excellent flame‐retardant efficiency and will be promising for the development of organic‐inorganic intumescent flame retardants for polymer materials.
Origin of the double melting peaks of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) with a high HV content as revealed by in situ synchrotron WAXD/SAXS analyses
Authors: Zhu Hao , Lv You , Shi Dan , Li Yiguo , Wang Zongbao 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe here reported the dual melting behaviors with a large temperature difference more than 50 °C without discernible recrystallization endothermic peak in isomorphous poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB‐co‐HV)) with a high HV content of 36.2 mol %, and the structure evolution upon heating was monitored by in situ synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction/small‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXD/SAXS) to unveil the essence of such double endothermic phenomena. It illustrated that the thinner lamellae with the larger unit cell and the thicker crystals having the smaller unit cell were melted around the first low and second high melting ranges, respectively. By analyzing in situ WAXD/SAXS data, and then coupling the features of melting behavior, the evolution of the parameters of both crystal unit cell and lamellar crystals, we proposed that the thinner unstable lamellae possess a uniform structure with HV units total inclusion, and the thicker stable lamellae reflect the sandwich structure with HV units partial inclusion. It further affirmed that the thicker sandwich and thinner uniform lamellae formed during the cooling and subsequent isothermal crystallization processes, respectively. These findings fully verify that it is the change of structure of lamellae rather than the melting/recrystallization that is responsible for double melting peaks of isomorphous P(HB‐co‐36.2%HV), and enhance our understanding upon multiple endothermic behaviors of polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1453–1461
Tailored thioxanthone‐based photoinitiators for two‐photon‐controllable polymerization and nanolithographic printing
Authors: Chi Teng , Somers Paul , Wilcox Daniel A. , Schuman Ashley J. , Iyer Vasudevan , Le Ran , Gengler Jamie , Ferdinandus Manuel , Liebig Carl , Pan Liang , Xu Xianfan , Boudouris Bryan W. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPrinting of high‐resolution three‐dimensional nanostructures utilizing two‐photon polymerization has gained significant attention recently. In particular, isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX) has been implemented as a photoinitiator due to its capability of initiating and depleting polymerization on demand, but new photoinitiating materials are still needed in order to reduce the power requirements for the high‐throughput creation of 3D structures. To address this point, a suite of new thioxanthone‐based photoinitiators were synthesized and characterized. Then two‐photon polymerization was performed using the most promising photoinitiating molecule. Importantly, one of the initiators, 2,7‐bis[(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl ethynyl)‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one] (BDAPT), showed a fivefold improvement in the writing threshold over the commonly used ITX molecule. To elucidate the fundamental mechanism, the excitation and inhibition behavior of the BDAPT molecule were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, low‐temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy, ultra‐fast transient absorption spectroscopy, and the two‐photon Z‐scan spectroscopic technique. The improved polymerization threshold of this new photoinitiator presents a clear pathway for the modification of photoinitiators in 3D nanoprinting. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1462–1475
Promising hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: Modulation of the electron‐deficient units in triphenylamine derivative‐based molecules
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Zhang Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModulation of the electron‐deficient π‐bridge units in 4‐methoxy‐N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐phenylbenzenamine (MeTPA)‐based hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is a significant approach to improve hole mobility of HTMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a class of simple MeTPA‐based HTMs (H1‐H4) with different π‐bridged electron‐deficient units were designed for the purpose of providing a theoretical model to obtain potential MeTPA‐based HTMs. The results indicated that H2 to H4 exhibit better performance, such as larger Stokes shifts, smaller exciton‐binding energy, better stability, good solubility, and higher hole mobility, in comparison with the parental material H1. H2 to H4 materials with high hole mobility (5.45 × 10−4, 2.70 × 10−1, and 3.99 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 second−1, respectively) may embody promising HTMs to yield good performance in PSCs. Therefore, the useful information obtained regarding control of the electron‐deficient π‐bridge units of MeTPA‐based HTMs is an effective way to obtain excellent HTMs for PSC applications.
Smurf1 Silencing Using a LNA-ASOs/Lipid Nanoparticle System to Promote Bone Regeneration
Authors: García-García Patricia , Ruiz Mario , Reyes Ricardo , Delgado Araceli , Évora Carmen , Riancho José Antonio , Rodríguez-Rey José Carlos , Pérez-Campo Flor María 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite the great advance of bone tissue engineering in the last few years, repair of bone defects remains a major problem. Low cell engraftment and dose-dependent side effects linked to the concomitant administration of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the main problems currently hindering the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies in this field. We have managed to bypass these drawbacks by combining the silencing the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase in MSCs with the use of a scaffold that sustainably releases low doses of BMP-2. In this system, Smurf1 silencing is achieved by using GapmeRs, a clinically safe method that avoids the use of viral vectors, facilitating its translation to the clinic. Here, we show that a single transient transfection with a small quantity of a Smurf1-specific GapmeR is able to induce a significant level of silencing of the target gene, enough to prime MSCs for osteogenic differentiation. Smurf1 silencing highly increases MSCs responsiveness to BMP-2, allowing a dramatic reduction of the dose needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The combination of these primed cells with alginate scaffolds designed to sustainably and locally release low doses of BMP-2 to the defect microenvironment is able to induce the formation of a mature bone matrix both in an osteoporotic rat calvaria system and in a mouse ectopic model. Importantly, this approach also enhances osteogenic differentiation in MSCs from osteoporotic patients, characterized by a reduced bone-forming potential, even at low BMP doses, underscoring the regenerative potential of this system. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1306&1317
SOX9+/PTF1A+ Cells Define the Tip Progenitor Cells of the Human Fetal Pancreas of the Second Trimester
Authors: Villani Valentina , Thornton Matthew E. , Zook Heather N. , Crook Christiana J. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Orlando Giuseppe , De Filippo Roger , Ku Hsun Teresa , Perin Laura 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing human multipotent progenitor cells (hMPCs) of the early pancreas; however, the identity and persistence of these cells during the second trimester, after the initiation of branching morphogenesis, remain elusive. Additionally, studies on hMPCs have been hindered by few isolation methods that allow for the recovery of live cells. Here, we investigated the tip progenitor domain in the branched epithelium of human fetal pancreas between 13.5 and 17.5 gestational weeks by immunohistological staining. We also used a novel RNA-based technology to isolate live cells followed by gene expression analyses. We identified cells co-expressing SOX9 and PTF1A, two transcription factors known to be important for pancreatic MPCs, within the tips of the epithelium and observed a decrease in their proportions over time. Pancreatic SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells were enriched for MPC markers, including MYC and GATA6. These cells were proliferative and appeared active in branching morphogenesis and matrix remodeling, as evidenced by gene set enrichment analysis. We identified a hub of genes pertaining to the expanding tip progenitor niche, such as FOXF1, GLI3, TBX3, FGFR1, TGFBR2, ITGAV, ITGA2, and ITGB3. YAP1 of the Hippo pathway emerged as a highly enriched component within the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing further corroborated the findings by identifying a cluster of SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells with multipotent characteristics. Based on these results, we propose that the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells in the human pancreas are uncommitted MPC-like cells that reside at the tips of the expanding pancreatic epithelium, directing self-renewal and inducing pancreatic organogenesis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1249&1264
Green Synthesis of Jujube‐Polysaccharide‐Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles for Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Cui Yanshuai , Guo Xiaolei , Lai Xiang , Sun Haotian , Liang Bo , Hou Wenlong , Liu Xiaoning , Wang Longgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe preparation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for treatment of organic pollutant has been attracting great interest. Herein, natural jujube polysaccharide (JP) and chloroauric acid were incubated together to prepare jujube polysaccharide stabilized gold nanoparticles (Aun‐JP NPs). The Au NPs inside of Aun‐JP NPs had an average particle diameter of 8 to 13 nm. The hydrodynamic size of Aun‐JP NPs in aqueous solution was about 20 nm, and they had negative charge on their surfaces. Aun‐JP NPs showed high stability and good dispersibility in aqueous solution. In addition, Aun‐JP NPs had high catalytic performance in reduction of 4‐NP. The apparent rate constant (kapp) increased linearly with increasing amount of Aun‐JP NPs. The normalized apparent rate constant knor of Au10‐JP NPs was as high as 1027.4 s−1 g−1, which was higher than that of Au NPs reported in many other literatures. This excellent catalytic performance should be due to the high stability and large specific surface area of Aun‐JP NPs. More importantly, MTT results demonstrated that Aun‐JP NPs had high biocompatibility in vitro. The green synthetic Aun‐JP NPs have great potential applications in catalytic degradation of pollutants in the future.
Dimedone‐Based Rigid Organic Scaffold for Organizing Symmetrical Helical Peptide Chains.
Authors: Madica Krishnaprasad , Lakshmi Jerripothula K , Madhu Suresh , Nadimpally Krishna Chaitanya , Gonnade Rajesh , Jagadeesh Bharatam , Sanjayan Gangadhar J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe herein design, synthesis and conformational investigations of polypeptides attached on a rigid dimedone template. Two identical peptide chains are attached on a single carbon containing dimedone as a scaffold. Dimedone assists in controlling the secondary interactions through strong intramolecular helical C‐12 and C‐15 membered bifurcated hydrogen bonding on both the peptide chains along with propagating the helical architecture of the peptide chains attached. There exists a C‐6 hydrogen bonding for the single stranded peptides attached to dimedone. Extensive structural investigations involving single crystal X‐ray diffraction, solution‐state NMR and CD studies of oligopeptides have been undertaken.
Flow‐Driven Precipitation Patterns with Microemulsions in a Confined Geometry
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Hernesman Keeley S. , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecipitation reactions occurring under fluid flow can self‐organize a variety of complex spatiotemporal patterns. Herein, we investigate the structures formed when a CoCl2‐containing water‐in‐oil microemulsion is injected into an aqueous NaOH solution. The reacting liquids are confined to the thin gap of a horizontal Hele‐Shaw cell and injection is carried out from a central port. Dark‐field detection of the patterns reveals borders that can deviate from smooth circles by either jagged or sinusoidal deformations. The interior of the patterns shows speckle‐like features that can arrange along either spike‐like tracks or concentric circular segments. The area ratio of light scattering regions increases with increasing flow rates but decreases sharply with increasing NaOH concentration. The latter transition is interpreted as a shift from patterns dominated by the physical breakdown of the microemulsion to patterns strongly affected by the precipitation of α‐Co(OH)2.
Meteorite‐Assisted Phosphorylation of Adenosine Under Proton Irradiation Conditions
Authors: Bizzarri Bruno M. , Šponer Judit E. , Šponer Jiri , Cassone Giuseppe , Kapralov Michail , Timoshenko Gennady N. , Krasavin Eugene , Fanelli Giuseppina , Timperio Anna Maria , Di Mauro Ernesto , Saladino Raffaele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe abiotic phosphorylation of nucleosides is a major hurdle in origin‐of‐life studies. We suggest a plausible pathway for the synthesis of adenosine nucleotides from adenosine and NaH2PO4 under radiative conditions mimicking the solar wind in the presence of a meteorite of the aubrite‐type. Hydroxyapatite also performed as a mineral heterogeneous phosphorus source. Adenosine polyphosphate derivatives and inorganic polyphosphates were detected in the reaction mixture, highlighting the high reactivity of the system. Both the total yield of adenosine nucleotides and the conversion of adenosine increased upon performing the irradiation in the presence of formamide (NH2CHO) and aubrite. These experiments simulate conditions in space or on an early Earth fluxed by protons from the solar wind, potentially mimicking a plausible prebiotic phosphorylation scenario.
Contribution of single‐gene defects to congenital cardiac left‐sided lesions in the prenatal setting
Authors: Sun H. , Yi T. , Hao X. , Yan H. , Wang J. , Li Q. , Gu X. , Zhou X. , Wang S. , Wang X. , Wan P. , Han L. , Chen J. , Zhu H. , Zhang H. , He Y. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore the contribution of single‐gene defects to the genetic cause of cardiac left‐sided lesions (LSLs), and to evaluate the incremental diagnostic yield of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) for single‐gene defects in fetuses with LSLs without aneuploidy or a pathogenic copy‐number variant (pCNV).MethodsBetween 10 April 2015 and 30 October 2018, we recruited 80 pregnant women diagnosed with a LSL who had termination of pregnancy and genetic testing. Eligible LSLs were aortic valve atresia or stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, mitral atresia or stenosis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). CNV sequencing (CNV‐seq) and WES were performed sequentially on specimens from these fetuses and their parents. CNV‐seq was used to identify aneuploidies and pCNVs, while WES was used to identify diagnostic genetic variants in cases without aneuploidy or pCNV.ResultsOf 80 pregnancies included in the study, 27 (33.8%) had a genetic diagnosis. CNV‐seq analysis identified six (7.5%) fetuses with aneuploidy and eight (10.0%) with pCNVs. WES analysis of the remaining 66 cases revealed diagnostic genetic variants in 13 (19.7%) cases, indicating that the diagnostic yield of WES for the entire cohort was 16.3% (13/80). KMT2D was the most frequently mutated gene (7/66 (10.6%)) in fetuses with LSL without aneuploidy or pCNVs, followed by NOTCH1 (4/66 (6.1%)). HLHS was the most prevalent cardiac phenotype (4/7) in cases with a KMT2D mutation in this cohort. An additional six (9.1%) cases were found to have potentially deleterious variants in candidate genes.ConclusionsSingle‐gene defects contribute substantially to the genetic etiology of fetal LSLs. KMT2D mutations accounted for approximately 10% of LSLs in our fetal cohort. WES has the potential to provide genetic diagnoses in fetuses with LSLs without aneuploidy or pCNVs. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mentored conference experiences support students' career exploration and professional development
Authors: Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Day Casey C. , Urbanek Rachael E. , Wood Darren M. , D'Acunto Laura E. , Quinn Vanessa S. , Zollner Patrick A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUndergraduate students benefit when they gain awareness of the diversity of career opportunities within their field, explore their professional community, and develop professional social skills early. However, these opportunities are often limited to a few students who successfully compete for undergraduate research experiences (UREs), receive professional mentorship from graduate students, or participate in internships. National scientific conferences provide professional, academic, and social opportunities to a larger and more diverse population of undergraduate students than most UREs. However, unfamiliarity with the conference environment, including professional networking and socializing, may limit the overall proportion of undergraduate science students that attend and benefit from conference attendance. To address these concerns, we developed and assessed a formal undergraduate course that mentored students through their first professional scientific conference. Assessment results indicated that students made significant progress in their professional and social abilities, with many students expressing a new sense of belonging to their field. Based on these results, attending national scientific conferences provides undergraduate students with a supportive environment to explore their future career and develop professional social skills. An associated mentored course maximizes the potential for students to benefit from their conference experience. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Towards a secure and self-adapting smart indoor farming framework
Authors: Gnauer Clemens , Pichler Harald , Tauber Markus , Schmittner Christoph , Christl Korbinian , Knapitsch Johannes , Parapatits Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Facing the increase in world population and the stagnation in available arable land there is a high demand for optimizing the food production. Considering the world-wide and ongoing reduction of the agricultural labor force novel approaches for food production are required. Vertical farming may be such a solution where plants are being produced indoors in racks, cared by robotic appliances which will be operated by specialized software. Given the multitude of parameters which determine the ideal condition, a lot of data needs to be acquired. As this data is used to adapt the entire Cyber-Physical System to a changing environment the data has to be secure and adaptations have to consider safety aspects as well. Such systems must hence be secure, safe, scalable and self-adaptable to a high degree. We present an important element for such solutions, a cloud, IoT and robotic based smart farming framework.
Fusion of open forest data and machine fieldbus data for performance analysis of forest machines
Authors: Melander Lari , Einola Kalle , Ritala Risto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forest resource data is important in targeting the forestry operations, and it is in the hearth of the precision forestry concept. The forest resource data can be produced with many techniques, and the number of existing forest data sources has increased during the years. In addition to the forest resource data, other data describing the circumstances of the forest site, such as trafficability and weather conditions, are available. In Finland, a forest data platform gathers the data sources under a single service for easier implementation of the precision forestry applications. This data is useful in operations planning, but it also describes the conditions that prevail when the forest machine arrives to the forest site. This study proposes data fusion between fieldbus time series of the forest machine and the forest data. The fused dataset enables explorative statistical analysis for examining the relationship between the machine performance and the forest attributes and provides data for building predictive models between the two. The presented methods are applied into a dataset generated from a field test data. The results show that some fieldbus time series features are predictable from forest attributes with $$R^{2}$$R2 value over 0.80, and clustering methods help in interpreting the machine behavior in different environments. In addition, an idea for generating a new forest data source to the forest data platform based on the fusion is discussed.