bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and stability of left bundle branch pacing in patients after prosthetic valve implantation
Authors: Guo Jincun , Li Linlin , Xiao Guosheng , Huang Xinyi , Li Qiang , Wang Yan , Cai Binni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has emerged as a promising pacing modality for preventing pacing induced cardiomyopathy in patients complicated with conduction abnormalities (CAs) after prosthetic valve (PV) implantation.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of LBBP in this patient population.MethodsLBBP was attempted in 20 patients complicated with atrioventricular block after PV implantation. Surface, intracardiac electrical measurements, and echocardiographic data were documented. Lead parameters and complications were routinely tracked at implantation and each follow‐up visit.ResultsLBBP was successful in 90% (18/20) participants. The paced QRS duration and the stimulus to left ventricular activation time were 106.8 ± 6.8 ms and 65.5 ± 5.4 ms, respectively. Left bundle branch (LBB) potential was recorded in 61.1% (11/18) patients who succeeded in LBBP. During the procedure, the mean unipolar myocardium capture threshold was 0.51 ± 0.15 V@0.4 ms while the unipolar bundle capture threshold was 0.84 ± 0.51 V@0.4 ms. The mean fluoroscopic exposure time and the radiation dose were 13.0 ± 9.2 min and 81.7 ± 8.3 mGy, respectively. The average follow‐up period was 10.4 ± 5.9 months (range 3‐23 months). Pacing parameters remained stable and no significant lead‐related complications occurred during the whole observation period.ConclusionsLBBP was safe and feasible in patients with PVs. Acceptable and stable pacing parameters could be expected during the procedure and the follow‐ups.
Hydrophobic Surface Coating of Nanodiamonds by Polyglycerol‐Based Polymers with Alkyl Chains for Dispersing in an Organic Solvent
Authors: Wang Wei , Zou Yajuan , López‐Moreno Alejandro , Jiang Yujing , Wen Feng , Wang Hong‐Xing , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince nanodiamonds (NDs) have been attracting growing interest in the field of nanomedicine, aqueously dispersed NDs have been numerously prepared by surface functionalization with hydrophilic groups. In contrast, hydrophobic NDs dispersible in organic solvents have been elusive in spite of the various potential applications such as tribology, lubrication and abrasion. Herein, NDs with a diameter of 100 nm (ND100) are made to be dispersible in an organic solvent through the following two processes: 1) ring opening polymerization of 1,2‐epoxyhexane giving NDs functionalized with poly(1,2‐hexylene glycol) (ND‐PHG) and 2) ring opening polymerization of glycidol followed by Williamson ether synthesis giving NDs functionalized with octyl and tetradecyl groups (ND‐POPG and ND‐PTPG, respectively). These functionalized NDs are characterized qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and quantitatively by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All these NDs with hydrophobic polymers are dispersible in chloroform, while no dispersibility is observed in NDs without surface polymer coating. ND‐POPG and ND‐PTPG are found to show much higher dispersibility (∼5 mg/mL in chloroform) than ND‐PHG (∼0.3 mg/mL). The dispersibility or hydrophobicity is correlated with the number of the alkyl chains, determined by TGA, as well as their length.
A Community of Responsible and Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Thomson Allison , Coronel Eric , Young Kelly Murray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is brought to you by the SPARC Initiative created in partnership between the American Society for Agronomy, the Agricultural Retailers Association, Environmental Defense Fund, and Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture to empower trusted advisers to deliver services that drive continuous improvement in the productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes of farmers’ operations. Learn more about the SPARC Initiative and access additional resources, including the six‐module series on sustainability at www.fieldtomarket.org/SPARC. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/842.
Data Management and Variability:Precision Agriculture Considerations for 4R Management Planning
Authors: Flis Sally A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrecision agriculture plays a large role for crop advisers and farmers when developing 4R nutrient management plans. Combining temporal and spatial yield data can help farmers and consultants manage areas of fields or farms based on their differences from farm average yield and variability to improve nutrient use efficiency. The development of tools that use an increasing number of data layers together—beyond only yield maps—is needed to improve the interpretation and implementation of data‐intensive precision agriculture. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/840.
Establishment of a novel gene panel as a biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor response
Authors: Pan Yi‐Ru , Wu Chiao‐En , Wang Yu‐Chao , Yeh Yi‐Chen , Lu Meng‐Lun , Hung Yi‐Ping , Chao Yee , Yeh Da‐Wei , Lin Chien‐Hsing , Hsieh Jason Chia‐Hsun , Chen Ming‐Huang , Yeh Chun‐Nan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard of care in various cancers, although the predictive tool is still unknown.MethodsThis study aimed to develop a novel gene panel by selecting DNA damage response (DDR) genes from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) databank and validating them in previously reported cohorts. This association between DDR gene mutations and tumor mutation burden or microsatellite status was analysed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databank. Furthermore, we made the gene panel clinically accessible and predicted the response in clinical patients receiving ICIs by using cell‐free DNA.ResultsThe top 20 mutated DDR genes in various cancers (total 37 genes) were taken from the COSMIC databank, and the DDR genes found to individually predict a response rate > 50% in Van Allen's cohort were selected (Science, 350, 2015 and 207). Eighteen DDR genes were selected as the gene panel. The prevalence and predicted response rate were validated in the other three reported cohorts. Tumor mutational burden‐high was positively associated with mutations of the 18 DDR genes for most cancers. We used cell‐free DNA to test the DDR gene panel and validated by our patients receiving ICIs. This DDR gene panel accounted for approximately 30% of various cancers, achieving a predicted response rate of approximately 60% in patients with a mutated gene panel receiving ICIs.ConclusionThis gene panel is a novel and reliable tool for predicting the response to ICIs in cancer patients and guides the appropriate administration of ICIs in clinical practice.
Odorant receptor phylogeny confirms conserved channels for sex pheromone and host plant signals in tortricid moths
Authors: Gonzalez Francisco , Borrero‐Echeverry Felipe , Jósvai Júlia K. , Strandh Maria , Unelius C. Rikard , Tóth Miklós , Witzgall Peter , Bengtsson Marie , Walker William B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe search for mates and food is mediated by volatile chemicals. Insects sense food odorants and sex pheromones through odorant receptors (ORs) and pheromone receptors (PRs), which are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons. Molecular phylogenetics of ORs, informed by behavioral and functional data, generates sound hypotheses for the identification of semiochemicals driving olfactory behavior. Studying orthologous receptors and their ligands across taxa affords insights into the role of chemical communication in reproductive isolation and phylogenetic divergence. The female sex pheromone of green budworm moth Hedya nubiferana (Lepidoptera, Totricidae) is a blend of two unsaturated acetates, only a blend of both elicits male attraction. Females produce in addition codlemone, which is the sex pheromone of another tortricid, codling moth Cydia pomonella. Codlemone also attracts green budworm moth males. Concomitantly, green budworm and codling moth males are attracted to the host plant volatile pear ester. A congruent behavioral response to the same pheromone and plant volatile in two tortricid species suggests co‐occurrence of dedicated olfactory channels. In codling moth, one PR is tuned to both compounds, the sex pheromone codlemone and the plant volatile pear ester. Our phylogenetic analysis finds that green budworm moth expresses an orthologous PR gene. Shared ancestry, and high levels of amino acid identity and sequence similarity, in codling and green budworm moth PRs offer an explanation for parallel attraction of both species to the same compounds. A conserved olfactory channel for a sex pheromone and a host plant volatile substantiates the alliance of social and habitat signals in insect chemical communication. Field attraction assays confirm that in silico investigations of ORs afford powerful predictions for an efficient identification of behavior‐modifying semiochemicals, for an improved understanding of the mechanisms of host plant attraction in insect herbivores and for the further development of sustainable insect control.
The protected flora of long‐established cemeteries in Hungary: Using historical maps in biodiversity conservation
Authors: Löki Viktor , Schmotzer András , Takács Attila , Süveges Kristóf , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Lukács Balázs András , Tökölyi Jácint , Molnár V. Attila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of anthropogenically influenced habitats in conserving elements of the original wildlife has increased worldwide simultaneously with the disappearance of natural sites. Burial places are able to conserve original elements of the wildlife, and this fact has been known for at least a century. To this day, little is known about long‐time changes and the effect of long‐time management methods in cemeteries on the flora they harbor. The utility of historical maps in research focused on natural values, as well as in answering questions related to conservation was recently demonstrated, but the use of digitized historical maps in biodiversity research of the Carpathian Basin is very limited. In the present paper, we aimed to predict the conservation potential of long‐established and newly established cemeteries of Hungarian settlements with various population sizes based on the digitized maps of the 2nd Military Survey of the Austrian Empire (1819–1869), by categorizing cemeteries into 3 distinct (anthropogenic habitat, cemetery, or natural habitat) types. To build our models, we used records of the protected flora from Hungarian cemeteries, based on data of thematic botanical surveys of 991 cemeteries. Out of the surveyed cemeteries, 553 (56%) harbored protected plants, totaling 306.617 estimated individuals of 92 protected species, belonging to 28 plant families. These species represent 12% of the entire protected flora of Hungary. Hungarian cemeteries play a key role mainly in preserving steppe and dry grassland plant species. Long‐established and large cemeteries harbor more protected plant species than small and newly established ones. Human population size of the settlements correlated negatively with the number of protected species and individuals. Moreover, woodland cover and proportion of grassland also significantly positively affected the number of protected plant species in cemeteries.
Species–area relationships in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands
Authors: Gooriah Leana D. , Davidar Priya , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe island species–area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island‐like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual‐based rarefaction to infer whether ISARs result from passive sampling, or whether some processes are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians, and reptiles) from multiple islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance‐weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness controlling for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of passive sampling, but that instead, some species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. For birds, frogs, and lizards, this disproportionate effect was only associated with species that were rarer in the samples, but for butterflies, both more common and rarer species were affected. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot‐level data (reptiles and amphibians), within‐island β‐diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that within‐island compositional effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARs. Overall, our results indicate that the ISARs of these taxa are most likely driven by disproportionate effects, that is, where larger islands are important sources of biodiversity beyond a simple sampling expectation, especially through their influence on rarer species, thus emphasizing their role in the preservation and conservation of species.
Selection for outbreeding in Varroa parasitising resistant honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies
Authors: Conlon Benjamin H. , Kastally Chedly , Kardell Marina , Kefuss John , Moritz Robin F. A. , Routtu Jarkko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParasitism is expected to select for counter‐adaptations in the host: driving a coevolutionary arms race. However, human interference between honey bees (Apis mellifera) and Varroa mites removes the effect of natural selection and restricts the evolution of host counter‐adaptations. With full‐sibling mating common among Varroa, this can rapidly select for virulent, highly inbred, Varroa populations. We investigated how the evolution of host resistance could affect the infesting population of Varroa mites.We screened a Varroa‐resistant honey bee population near Toulouse, France, for a Varroa resistance trait: the inhibition of Varroa's reproduction in drone pupae. We then genotyped Varroa which had co‐infested a cell using microsatellites. Across all resistant honey bee colonies, Varroa's reproductive success was significantly higher in co‐infested cells but the distribution of Varroa between singly and multiply infested cells was not different from random. While there was a trend for increased reproductive success when Varroa of differing haplotypes co‐infested a cell, this was not significant. This suggests local mate competition, through the presence of another Varroa foundress in a pupal cell, may be enough to help Varroa overcome host resistance traits; with a critical mass of infesting Varroa overwhelming host resistance. However, the fitness trade‐offs associated with preferentially co‐infesting cells may be too high for Varroa to evolve a mechanism to identify already‐infested cells. The increased reproductive success of Varroa when co‐infesting resistant pupal cells may act as a release valve on the selective pressure for the evolution of counter resistance traits: helping to maintain a stable host–parasite relationship.
Chemically reacting mixed convective Casson fluid flow in the presence of MHD and porous medium through group theoretical analysis
Authors: Tufail Muhammad Nazim , Saleem Musharafa , Chaudhry Qasim Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the consequences of chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective fluid substances driven by the porous medium, slippery, incompressible, and laminar vertical channel flow. Casson fluid model in a vertical channel is strengthened with mixed convection flow. The effects of the heat source‐sink parameter, the suction‐injection parameter, slips on the slide wall, and thermal radiation are also considered. A Lie group method is taken into consideration and nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The NDSolve command solves these ODEs and shows the action of the related parameters in the velocity, temperature, and concentration figures. The Casson fluid parameter increases the velocity profile but reduces the concentration profile. The parameter of suction‐injection enhances the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The variations in skin‐friction coefficient in the heat and mass transfer rate are addressed in the diagrams. Moreover, streamlines are plotted for suction‐injection parameter.
Varying the sustained release of BMP‐2 from chitosan nanogel‐functionalized polycaprolactone fiber mats by different polycaprolactone surface modifications
Authors: Sundermann Julius , Oehmichen Sarah , Sydow Steffen , Burmeister Laura , Quaas Bastian , Hänsch Robert , Rinas Ursula , Hoffmann Andrea , Menzel Henning , Bunjes Heike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats with different surface modifications were functionalized with a chitosan nanogel coating to attach the growth factor human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). Three different hydrophilic surface modifications were compared with regard to the binding and in vitro release of BMP‐2. The type of surface modification and the specific surface area derived from the fiber thickness had an important influence on the degree of protein loading. Coating the PCL fibers with polydopamine resulted in the binding of the largest BMP‐2 quantity per surface area. However, most of the binding was irreversible over the investigated period of time, causing a low release in vitro. PCL fiber mats with a chitosan‐graft‐PCL coating and an additional alginate layer, as well as PCL fiber mats with an air plasma surface modification boundless BMP‐2, but the immobilized protein could almost completely be released. With polydopamine and plasma modifications as well as with unmodified PCL, high amounts of BMP‐2 could also be attached directly to the surface. Integration of BMP‐2 into the chitosan nanogel functionalization considerably increased binding on all hydrophilized surfaces and resulted in a sustained release with an initial burst release of BMP‐2 without detectable loss of bioactivity in vitro.
Effect of three‐dimensional porosity gradients of biomimetic coatings on their bonding strength and cell behavior
Authors: Yu Le , Silva Santisteban Tomas M. , Liu Qinqing , Hu Changmin , Bi Jinbo , Wei Mei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface modification techniques are often used to enhance the properties of Ti‐based materials as hard‐tissue replacements. While the microstructure of the coating and the quality of the interface between the substrate and coating are essential to evaluate the reliability and applicability of the surface modification. In this study, both a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and a collagen‐hydroxyapatite (Col‐HA) composite coating were deposited onto a Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate using a biomimetic coating process. Importantly, a gradient cross‐sectional structure with a porous coating toward the surface, while a dense layer adjacent to the interface between the coating and substrate was observed in three‐dimensional (3D) from both the HA and Col‐HA coatings via a dual‐beam focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM). Moreover, the pore distributions within the entire coatings were reconstructed in 3D using Avizo, and the pores size distributions along the coating depth were calculated using RStudio. By evaluating the mechanical property and biocompatibility of these materials and closely observing the cross‐sectional cell‐coating‐substrate interfaces using FIB‐SEM, it was revealed that the porous surface created by both coatings well supports osteoblast cell adhesion while the dense inner layer facilitates a good bonding between the coating and the substrate. Although the mechanical property of the coating decreased with the addition of collagen, it is still strong enough for implant handling and the biocompatibility was promoted.
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Accelerates Stress Fracture Healing More Effectively Following Cessation of Bisphosphonate Treatment
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud M , Kelly Wendy L , Brunt Athena R , Paterson Bradley C , Massa Helen M , Morrison Nigel A , Forwood Mark R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTParathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonates (BPs), including alendronate (ALN), have opposing effects on bone dynamics. The extent to which PTH remains effective in the treatment of stress fracture (SFx) in the presence of an ongoing BP treatment has not been tested. SFx was induced in 150 female Wistar rats, divided into five equal groups (n = 30). All rats were pretreated with ALN (1 μg/kg−1/day−1) for 14 days prior to SFx induction, followed by ALN cessation or continuation for the duration of the experiment; this was combined with daily PTH (8 μg/100 g−1/day−1) on SFx induction for 14 days, followed by cessation or continuation of ALN after SFx induction or an equivalent vehicle as a control. Ulnas were examined 2 weeks or 6 weeks following SFx. Two toluidine blue‐ and two tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐stained sections were examined for histomorphometric analysis using Osteomeasure software. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the woven bone width and apposition rate, as well as an improvement in the woven bone architecture. However, woven bone variables remained unaffected by the cessation or continuation of ALN. Cessation of ALN increased osteoclast number when compared with the ALN‐PTH continuation group (p = 0.006), and vehicle (p = 0.024) after 2 weeks. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length. The number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length was significantly greater in ALN cessation groups. It was concluded that intermittent short‐duration iPTH treatment effectively increased remodeling of SFx with a concurrent BP treatment, provided that BP was ceased at the time of SFx. Our results could help develop shorter iPTH treatment protocols for the clinical management of SFxs and guide clinical decision‐making to cease BP treatment in cases of SFx. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of chalcone precursor via Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar reaction of functionalized acetylene and pyrazole embedded dipole
Authors: Nagaraja Manju , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Asma  , Shreekanth Tharangini K. , Kumar Madan S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new class of functionalized pyrazole bearing 1,2,3‐triazole has been synthesized via Cu(I) mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazole bearing azide with various aromatic/heteroaromatic bearing terminal dipolarophile (acetylene). Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were explicated by analytical and spectral analysis. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in‐vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Among the synthesized compound, triazole bearing 2,5‐thiazolidinone 5b (20 ± 0.70) and triazole bearing thiocarboamide 5e (19 ± 0.70) showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds further tested for their ability to bleach DPPH radical using DPPH scavenging assay. Among the synthesized compounds 1,2,3‐triazole bearing 2,5‐thiazolidinone 5b (58.81%) exhibited good DPPH scavenging activity compared to the rest of the compounds. From the X‐ray and Hirshfield analysis, it was observed that compound 3, crystallizes in a triclinic crystal system with a P‐1 space group. The major intercontacts present in these molecules are H…H (39.7%), C…H (23.9%), N…H (20.3%).