bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of Epidermal Cells in Prostaglandin-Treated and Wounded Rats
Authors: Lupulescu A. , Habowsky J.E. , Milkintas J. , Birmingham D. 
Published: June 2020

Prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2α) are hormones which exhibit a multifold effects on the fine structure of cells. Recently, there is increasing evidence that prostaglandins exert an important biological role on the structure of epidermal cells. Thus, it has been reported that PGB1, selectively affects the ultrastructure of epidermal mitochondria of embryo chick skin in culture; also accelerates the keratinization and cell differentiation. In order to study the effect of prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2and PGF2α) on the ultrastructure of epidermal cells, we induced wounds in rats. It is known that experimental wounds are good models for the study of cell growth and kinetics.Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) were wounded under ether anesthesia. (Two linear incisions of 2 cm long). They were divided in four groups; each of 10 rats.
Viruslike Particles in Human Prostate Cancer and Virus Particles in Normal Prostate of Mice
Authors: Ohtsuki Y. , Seraan G. , Bowen J. M. , Dmochowski L. 
Published: June 2020

As part of a multidisciplinary approach to study the relationship of viruses to the etiology of human prostate cancer, 42 (34 cases of cancer, and 8 cases of benign hyperplasia) specimens of prostate tumors have been examined by electron microscopy. Preliminary results of this ultrastructural study have been reported.Intracisternal 150-200 nm viruslike particles (Figs. 1a,b) were found in epithelial cells of five cases of prostatic cancer. The particles were also seen budding from the cisternal walls (Fig. 2a). Some particles show two inner concentric layers (Figs. 2a,b) or an electron dense core (Figs. 1a,b). Dumbbellshaped particles (Fig. 2c) and elongated, probably virus-related structures (Fig. 2d) were also observed.In parrallel with studies on human tissues, prostatic glands of normal young (6 weeks old) and adult (1 year old) mice from the high mammary cancer strains RIII/Dm, C3H/Dm and A/Dm and from C57/BL/6/Dm low mammary cancer strain have been examined to determine if prostate was a potential source of transmissible oncornaviruses in mice.
Morphologic and Biochemical Characteristics of H-4II-E Rat Hepatoma Clones
Authors: Lovig C. A. , Nordquist R. E. , Muragishi H. , Bottomley R. H. 
Published: June 2020

Previous work has demonstrated that differences in enzyme levels in HeLa cells were associated with differences in genetic complement. This study was designed to see if hepatoma cells cloned from the H-4II-E cell line with different genetic complements might differ morphologically as well as biochemically.A large number of clones were established using the method of Patuleia and Friend and Pluznik and Sachs. Five of the cloned lines were picked on the basis of their modal chromosome number and used for biochemical and morphological studies and for further genetic analysis. A sufficient number of cells were set up in T-75 flasks so that all studies could be done on cells of the same generation passage.Karyotypic analysis showed that all of the cloned lines picked were differnt cytogenetically.Biochemical analysis showed that the levels of enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase varied markedly from one cloned line to another (figure 1) and was higher in four of the clones than in normal liver.
A New Human Breast Tumor Cell Line
Authors: Nordquist R.E. , Wasik R.M. , Riggs P.J. , Munson P.L. , Schafer F.B. 
Published: June 2020

An infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma was removed from the breast of a postmenopausal Caucasian female. The excised tissue was divided into three parts; one part for electron microscopy, one part for tissue culture and the remainder frozen for immunological studies.The tissue for culture was minced finely with sterile razor blades and cultured in Falcon flasks containing Eagel's MEM supplemented with 10% heat denatured fetal calf serum. The tissue for electron microscopy was fixed in 6.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PO4 buffer plus 5% sucrose and postfixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer. The fixed tissue was dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Spurr.The tissue which was cultured began to grow out after approximately six weeks and became a continuous epithelial cell line which was designated BOT-2 (Breast Original Tumor). Electron microscopic examination revealed that these cells had epithelial characteristics, i.e. the presence of tonofilaments and well formed desmosomes.
Ultrastructural Study of Human Mammary Carcinoma Cells (MCF-7) Grown in Collagen-Coated Sponge
Authors: Russo J. , Bradley R. , Soule H.D. 
Published: June 2020

MCF-7 is an established cell line derived from a mammary carcinoma, that reproduces the tumor histological pattern when cultured in collagen-coated cellulose sponge.Cells grown in monolayer for more than 120 passages are seeded in a collagen-coated cellulose sponge and cultured in Eagle's nutrient medium, supplemented with insulin and 10% calf serum for 7 to 14 days. The sponges were fixed in Hirsch-Fedorko, embedded in Epon, and sectioned for electron microscopy.The cells are observed growing in clusters of 4 to 50 cells per level of section and also acinar-like structures.A common ultrastructual pattern can be described for most of the cells. The cell surface presents numerous microvilli, that have a positive ATPase histochemical reaction. The cells are joined by desmosomes, intermediary, and tight junctions with cell interdigitations among them, but no junctions are observed between the cells and the collagen coat (Fig. 3).
Mucosal Response to Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Lightfoot F. G. , Cassidy M. M. 
Published: June 2020

An ultrastructural study was undertaken to chronicle the morphologic aspects of the response of the alimentary tract to the presence of acetylsalicylic acid in the lumen. A clinical dose (10 mg/kg) of buffered acetylsalicylic acid was administered to male Wistar rats by (a) gastric intubation (feeding tube), and (b) gastrointestinal perfusion. The animals used in this study were sacrificed at various intervals 15, 30, 60 minutes and 4 hours after administration of the dose. Tissues from the fundus of the stomach and the jejunal region of the small intestine were examined.Tissues were examined by light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Significant deviations from the appearance of control tissue samples were observed in all animals. Surface gastric erosions were observed in both intestine and stomach, as well as localized areas of punctate hemorrhage. Conventional light micrographs revealed a separation of the epithelial lining from the basement membrane structure: the intercellular space was greatly distended compared to normal.
Ultrastructural Pathology of Ischemic Myocardium as Revealed by the Freeze Fracture Technique
Authors: Ashraf M. , Mayr W. 
Published: June 2020

Myocardial cells undergo extensive ultrastructural changes during ischemia, easily observed after 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion. Although various membranous organelles remain intact during acute ischemia, biochemical evidence indicates several metabolic alterations in affected cells. Since cell membranes and membranes of intracellular organelles play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial cell injury, changes in their interiors could be informative. However, such changes are not easily detectable in conventional thin sections. This study examined ultrastructural alterations in the membranous organelles of ischemic myocardium using the freeze-fracture technique to improve detection of such changes.After 5 and 24 hours of coronary artery occlusion the hearts from dogs and rats were perfused with buffered glutaraldehyde. Small pieces of the left ventricle were dipped in Freon 22 and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen before fracturing in a Balzer's freeze-etch apparatus at -100 or -120°C.
Ultrastructural Studies of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
Authors: Kim James C.S. 
Published: June 2020

Bovine respiratory diseases cause serious economic loses and present diagnostic difficulties due to the variety of etiologic agents, predisposing conditions, parasites, viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma, and may be multiple or complicated. Several agents which have been isolated from the abnormal lungs are still the subject of controversy and uncertainty. These include adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, syncytial viruses, herpesviruses, picornaviruses, mycoplasma, chlamydiae and Haemophilus somnus.Previously, we have studied four typical cases of bovine pneumonia obtained from the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to elucidate this complex syndrome by electron microscopy. More recently, additional cases examined reveal electron opaque immune deposits which were demonstrable on the alveolar capillary walls, laminae of alveolar capillaries, subenthothelium and interstitium in four out of 10 cases. In other tissue collected, unlike other previous studies, bacterial organisms have been found in association with acute suppurative bronchopneumonia.
An Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Study of Aging in the Thyroid of the Domestic Cat
Authors: Ives Phil J. 
Published: June 2020

Thyroid follicular cell lysosomes have been shown to have a definite function in thyroglobulin degradation and thyroid hormone production. Thyroid activity which decreases with age is an important factor affecting cellular energy generation, enzyme activity, and protein synthesis. Autophagy, degradative enzyme release, and interruption of normal functions related to cellular slow down and cell death are involved in the aging process.The present study was conducted to observe the cytochemical and ultrastructural changes in thyroid follicular cells during this aging process. A total of fourteen domestic cats (Felis domesticus) were studied using two animals from each of the following age groups: 2 and 6 months, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 years.Hormone production in the thyroid follicular cell is characterized by many vesicles of various electron densities. They appear to originate from the Golgi areas, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and apical membrane (Fig. 5, arrow).
The Location of Vitamin A-Storing Cells in Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Minick Odell T. , Bahu Raja M. , Lyon Harvey W. , Tiecke Richard W. , Inouye Tohru , Kent Geoffrey 
Published: June 2020

Recent reports indicate that chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans may be associated with perisinusoidal fibrosis in the liver. A prominent feature of excess vitamin A administration is the increased number of irregularly shaped, vacuolated cells in the spaces of Disse. These vitamin A-storing cells are known as Ito cells, lipid storing cells or lipocytes. Their precise function is not established, but their appearance and location suggest that they may also play the role of fibroblasts; their massive accumulation in hypervitaminosis A may thus be causally related to perisinusoidal fibrosis. Although we have been unsuccessful in producing perisinusoidal fibrosis experimentally with vitamin A alone, we elected to use the vitamin in conjunction with the fibrosis-inducing agent carbon tetrachloride (CC14) to clarify the relationship of these cells to newly formed collagen.Rats were divided into groups receiving (1) vitamin A and CC14, (2) vitamin A alone and (3) CC14 alone, for periods up to four months.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Differentiated Ultracytochemically from Lysosomal Acid Phosphate in the Rat with a PAP/Specific Substrate, Phosphorylcholine
Authors: Allen Shannon W. , Serrano José A. , Wasserkrug Hannah L. , Serrano Anna A. , Seligman Arnold M. 
Published: June 2020

During the design and synthesis of new chemotherapeutic agents for prostatic carcinoma based on phosphorylated agents which might be enzyme-activated to cytotoxicity, phosphorylcholine, [(CH3)3+NCH2CH2OPO3Ca]Cl-, has been indicated to be a very specific substrate for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). This phenomenon has led to the development of specific histochemical and ultracytochemical methods for PAP using modifications of the Gomori lead method for acid phosphatase. Comparative histochemical results in prostate and kidney of the rat have been published earlier with phosphorylcholine (PC) and β-glycerophosphate (βGP). We now report the ultracytochemical results.Minced tissues were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde-0.1 M phosphate buffered (pH 7.4) for 1.5 hr and rinsed overnight in several changes of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 7.5% sucrose. Tissues were incubated 30 min to 2 hr in Gomori acid phosphatase medium (2) containing 0.1 M substrate, either PC or βGP.
A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta
Authors: Kobernick Sidney D. , Elfont Edna A. , Brooks Neddra L. 
Published: June 2020

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.
Ultrastructure and Fluorescence Histochemistry of Secondary Cells in the Eye of Aplysia Calijornica
Authors: Luborsky-Moore J. L. 
Published: June 2020

The retina of the gastropod mollusc, Aplysia californica, contains receptor and nonreceptor (secondary) cells. The ultrastructure of the receptor cells, but not of the secondary cells, has been described. This report describes a study of the secondary cells (SC) using electron microscopy and the fluorescence histochemica1 method of Falck and Owman.The secondary cells (15-18μm. in diameter) (Fig. 1) are situated along the periphery of the retina. The cells are ovoid and often have an irregular outline. They contain a slightly eccentric nucleus that is 8-10μm. in diameter. The SC cytoplasm lacks the numerous clear vesicles found throughout the receptor cell cytoplasm. The SC cytoplasm contains mitochondria, ribosomes, polyribosomes, neurotubu1es, neurofilaments, vacuoles, dense bodies, Golgi bodies, and dense core vesicles (inset, Fig. 1). The SC resemble neuroendocrine cells because they often contain large vacuoles and dense core vesicles. The vesicles (90-130nm. in diameter) contain a dense core (80-100nm. in diameter) surrounded by a clear halo.
Stereological Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus of Intestinal Enterocytes during Lipid Absorption
Authors: Manke Dean J. , Buschmann Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

In fasting enterocytes there appears to be an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lesser amounts of smooth ER. During lipid absorption an apparent change to more smooth and less rough ER occurs (e.g. By measuring the volume and surface area of these membranous structures and the Golgi apparatus (GA) during lipid absorption we planned to determine if a simple conversion of rough to smooth ER accounts for the apparent changeIn situ ligated segments of rat jejunum were injected with either a micellar solution of oleic acid, monoolein, and sodium taurocholate in buffered saline, or a non-lipid control solution of only buffered saline. At 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min segments were processed for electron microscopy. Villi were randomly thin sectioned (50-60 nm) and random electron micrographs obtained for analysis with standard stereological methods.
A Fine Structural Study of Mineralization Foci in Antler and Growth Plate Cartilage
Authors: Newbrey J. W. , Banks W. J. 
Published: June 2020

Established staining techniques for glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and established demineralization techniques were employed to investigate the possible relationship of GAG's to hydroxyapatite crystals in mineralized cartilage. Cervine antler cartilage and rat growth plate cartilage were subjected to glutaraldehyde (6.25%) fixation, demineralized with ethylene diaminotetra acetic acid (EDTA) or acidic cacodylate buffer (pH 5.5), stained and postfixed with a ruthenium red (RR)-osmium tetroxide solution and prepared for routine transmission electron microscopy. Some tissues were subjected to hyaluronidase digestion prior to RR staining. Sections were stained with RR only or RR and uranyl acetate. The sections were examined with a Hitachi HS-8 electron microscope.Matrix granules were positive to RR staining (Fig. 2&3). The granular density of the interterritorial zone was higher than that of the lacunar area; however, the lacunar granules were larger. After EDTA treatment, mineralization foci in the interterritorial zone were devoid of hydroxyapatite crystals.
Electron Microscopic Study of Tissues from Precolumbian Americans
Authors: Julio Martinez A. , Fultz Doris , Allison Marvin J. , Gerszten Enrique , Stanley Debra C. 
Published: June 2020

Ultrastructural studies from tissues of Peruvian mummies ranging from 500 to 2000 years old have been carried out.Even though the tissues had undergone extensive autolytic alterations many subcellular structures were still present and it was possible to clearly identify them. The better preserved tissues were those which contained abundant collagen and connective structures (Fig. 1-3). The collagen fibrils in particular showed the characteristic cross striations. The thickness of the dark bands was 45-50 nm while the thickness of the light bands measured between 25-30 nm.
Dynamic Surface Features of Cultured Cells Visualized by Combining Cinephotomicrography and SEM
Authors: Wetzel Bruce , Jones Gary , Westbrook Edwina , Fox Cecil , Sanford Katherine 
Published: June 2020

The surface morphology of cells grown to subconfluent monolayers can be remarkably diverse and changeable. To study the dynamics of these surface features, cell growth and behavior can be observed by time-lapse cinematography without noticeably perturbing the culture,and the same cells reexamined by SEM1.Mouse fibroblasts of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lines derived from a common single cell were trypsinized, then grown in NCTC-135 with 10% filtered fetal bovine serum in a 10% CO2 atmosphere for 48 hours at 37°C on glass coverslips within sealed glass flasks. During this period a field of cells was filmed at one frame/minute with phase contrast optics (80X). Cells were fixed by the addition of an equal volume of 6% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde for 90 minutes at 37°C, washed with distilled water, dehydrated through ethanol to amyl acetate, dried by the CO2 critical point method, and vacuum coated with carbon and gold-palladium.
SEM Evaluation of Canine Middle Cerebral Artery Endothelium Following Microvascular Surgery
Authors: Dujovny Manuel , Osgood Carroll P. , Barrionuevo Pedro J. , Longa EnriqueZea , Matta Richard 
Published: June 2020

SEM of normal arterial endothelium has shown a constant picture of fine longitudinal ridges or folds. These folds are about 15 microns across, and their smooth undulations comprise a “normal” pattern which permits assessment of various types of early endothelial damage.SEM affords rapid, stereoscopic study of relatively large areas of endothelium with ultrafine detail. Some microvascular maneuvers may mechanically distort or obliterate normal endothelial ridging. In addition, fibrin-platelet-red blood cell deposits may cover damaged endothelium.Eighty canine middle cerebral arteries, 1.0 - 1.5 mm in diameter, were studied with SEM following: a) microtourniquet and microclip occlusion, b) pinching with jeweler's forceps, c) arteriotomy and suture, d) bipolar coagulation of a side branch 1 mm from the parent artery, 20 mv for 20 seconds, and e) end-to-side microanastomosis.The initial event in arterial thrombosis is platelet adherence, and then platelet aggregation. These platelet clumps will begin to disperse or “wash out” 20 minutes post aggregation, so that 60 minutes later, platelet dispersion is fairly complete, if total arterial thrombosis and fibrin deposition have not occurred.
Ultrastructure Of Stressed Bovine Muscle
Authors: Carroll R. J. , Rorer F. P. , Jones S. B. , Cavanaugh J. R. 
Published: June 2020

Measurements of a variety of physical properties of muscle tissue have been proposed as objective tests for meat tenderness. We have attempted to single out a specific physical factor, namely tensile stress, and to determine its effect on the ultrastructure of raw and cooked muscle tissue. Extension of this approach to the other physical factors involved in mastication will hopefully establish the structural factors important to meat tenderness.The bovine semitendenosus muscle (eye round) was obtained either commercially or excised from a carcass aged under controlled conditions for 10 days. Small strips (¼” x ¼” x 1-½”), raw and cooked at 90°C, were subjected to tensile stress and then fixed in glutaraldehyde. A motorized minitensile stage (Fig. 1), designed to be small enough to operate within the SEM, stressed the muscle samples while viewed by a stereomicroscope and simultaneously monitored with a closed circuit TV system. Identical areas of samples subjected to tensile stress could be observed in both the light and scanning electron microscopes (Fig. 2).
Comparative Ultrastructure of Green and Xantha Redwood (Sequoia Sempervirens) Chloroplasts
Authors: Davis Ronald W. , Lasser Gerald W. , Bower Charles D. 
Published: June 2020

A number of reports have appeared in the literature concerning chlorophyll and accessory pigment deficiencies in plants. These conditions are nearly always fatal as they result in nonfunctional chloroplasts. For this reason it was of considerable interest to find a wild redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens) living in southern Humboldt County, about 15 feet tall and seemingly completely devoid of pigments.Specimens of normal (green) and mutant (xantha) S. sempervirens leaves were taken for ultrastructural, lipid, and pigment analyses. Specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by placing small pieces of leaves in 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2M phosphate buffer at pH 7.3 for 24 hours. Postfixation was in 2% OsO4 in phosphate buffer for 6 hours. Dehydration was by a standard acetone series and specimens were embedded in Spurr's LVEM. Ultrathin sections were cut with glass knives on a Reichert Ultramicrotome and examined with a Hitachi HU 11E electron microscope.Chloroplasts of both the green and the mutant leaves were found in the thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm of leaf parenchyma cells.
The Effects of Induced Cryptorchidism upon the Principle Cells in the Rat Cauda Epididymis
Authors: Niewenhuis Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

Cryptorchidism is known to cause inhibition of spermatogenesis and to decrease production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes. The effects of this condition upon the epididymis is less clear. In addition, relatively little is known about the role played by the epididymal epithelial cells in the process of absorbtion, secretion and sperm maturation.In this study the cauda epididymides of cryptorchid and vasectomized testes were studied with the electron microscope in order to see how these conditions affect the morphology of the epithelial cells of the epididymis.Young adult male rats were divided into three groups. Animals in group 1 were rendered bilaterally cryptorchid and 25 days later a vasectomy was performed on one side only. Group 2 animals were bilaterally vasectomized and group 3 served as sham operated controls. All test animals were maintained for 90 days after vasectomy and then sacrificed.