bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Phenobarbital Poisoning for the Management of Seizures in Newborns and Children; A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ghorani-Azam Adel , Balali-Mood Mahdi , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad , Darchini-Maragheh Emadodin , Sadeghi Mahmood 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
While phenobarbital (PB) is commonly used for the management of seizures
in newborns and pediatrics, its administration may accompany acute poisoning. We aimed to review
the literature to find out the frequency of PB poisonings in newborns and children with
seizures.

Method:
A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers to find relevant articles
about PB toxicity in neonates and pediatrics that were treated for the seizure.

Results:
18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The
main reasons for PB poisoning in studied patients were therapeutic intoxication. Reported signs of
PB poisoning were lethargy, sedation, lack of sucking, fever, skin rash, hepatic inflammation and
alopecia. Moreover, respiratory depression, encephalopathy, myocardial failure, syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone, and coma were among the complications of acute PB toxicity in
children and infants.

Conclusion:
PB therapy for the management of seizures in newborns and children might be associated
with poisoning. Although supportive and symptomatic treatments are available for PB overdose,
it should be administered with caution, using drug monitoring to avoid toxicity.
Effects of Unfiltered Cigarettes on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Oren Eyal , Pulvers Kim , Romero Devan R , Barber Casey , Carter Erika , Tracy Laree A , Novotny Thomas E 
Published: December 2020

Background
Plastic filters on cigarette butts are a widespread source of nonbiodegradable, toxic environmental waste. State and local legislation to ban the sale of single-use cigarettes may be considered to prevent this waste, but scientific evidence on the impact of switching smokers to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxicant exposures is needed to inform this policy. We have designed an open-label, randomized, 9-week, crossover clinical trial of adult filtered-cigarette smokers who switch to unfiltered cigarettes.

Objective
Our objective is to understand the impact of switching smokers of filtered cigarettes to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxic exposures.

Methods
This trial involves a 1-week baseline period; a 2-week period of smoking filtered or unfiltered cigarettes, where groups are randomly assigned; a 3-week washout period; another 1-week baseline period; and a 2-week crossover period of smoking the opposite condition (ie, filtered or unfiltered cigarettes) for a sufficient sample size of 40 participants. We will determine changes in (1) observed topography (ie, puff count, interpuff interval, and puff volume) and cigarettes smoked per day, via butt counts and self-report, (2) expired carbon monoxide and excretion of urinary cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and volatile organic compounds, and (3) participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward unfiltered cigarettes, satisfaction with smoking, and intention to quit if they were not able to smoke filtered cigarettes.

Results
This study was funded in June 2018 and approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards in July 2018. This study has enrolled 37 participants as of October 2020. Data analysis is currently underway, and trial results are expected to be published in spring 2021.

Conclusions
This pilot proof-of-principle study will inform the design of a larger, future research project that can provide robust scientific evidence on our research question. Such a large study could inform possible state or local legislation to ban the sale of single-use filtered cigarettes in order to mitigate the environmental impact of discarded single-use plastic filters.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03749876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03749876

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19603
Accurately Differentiating Between Patients With COVID-19, Patients With Other Viral Infections, and Healthy Individuals: Multimodal Late Fusion Learning Approach
Authors: Xu Ming , Ouyang Liu , Han Lei , Sun Kai , Yu Tingting , Li Qian , Tian Hua , Safarnejad Lida , Zhang Hengdong , Gao Yue , Bao Forrest Sheng , Chen Yuanfang , Robinson Patrick , Ge Yaorong , Zhu Baoli , Liu Jie , Chen Shi 
Published: December 2020

Background
Effectively identifying patients with COVID-19 using nonpolymerase chain reaction biomedical data is critical for achieving optimal clinical outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding in various biomedical features and appropriate analytical approaches for enabling the early detection and effective diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.

Objective
We aimed to combine low-dimensional clinical and lab testing data, as well as high-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging data, to accurately differentiate between healthy individuals, patients with COVID-19, and patients with non-COVID viral pneumonia, especially at the early stage of infection.

Methods
In this study, we recruited 214 patients with nonsevere COVID-19, 148 patients with severe COVID-19, 198 noninfected healthy participants, and 129 patients with non-COVID viral pneumonia. The participants’ clinical information (ie, 23 features), lab testing results (ie, 10 features), and CT scans upon admission were acquired and used as 3 input feature modalities. To enable the late fusion of multimodal features, we constructed a deep learning model to extract a 10-feature high-level representation of CT scans. We then developed 3 machine learning models (ie, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine models) based on the combined 43 features from all 3 modalities to differentiate between the following 4 classes: nonsevere, severe, healthy, and viral pneumonia.

Results
Multimodal features provided substantial performance gain from the use of any single feature modality. All 3 machine learning models had high overall prediction accuracy (95.4%-97.7%) and high class-specific prediction accuracy (90.6%-99.9%).

Conclusions
Compared to the existing binary classification benchmarks that are often focused on single-feature modality, this study’s hybrid deep learning-machine learning framework provided a novel and effective breakthrough for clinical applications. Our findings, which come from a relatively large sample size, and analytical workflow will supplement and assist with clinical decision support for current COVID-19 diagnostic methods and other clinical applications with high-dimensional multimodal biomedical features.
Political Metaphors in Hittite Diplomatic and Historiographic Texts
Authors: Pallavidini Marta 
Published: December 2020

Research topic: In the Hittite historiographic and diplomatic texts some concepts are formulated metaphorically. In particular, we can find metaphors based on expressions of motion; involving body parts; recalling the comparison between a person and an animal; describing the concepts of life and death; concerning the lexicon of the family and relatives. Theoretical approach: These metaphors are to be considered as expressions of a system of thinking, i.e. as conceptual metaphors (Lakoff – Johnson 1980). Research questions: Which metaphors are attested? How are they structured? How do they dependent on context, language, and/or genre? Which metaphors are of Hittite origin? Which functions do they have? Research goals: Identification, classification and description of the metaphors; analysis of their functions; description of the changes in their use in relation to the genre and through time. Method: the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) of the Praggelejaz Group.
Polymorphic iconography common influences or individual features in the Near Eastern perspective
Authors: First Grzegorz 
Published: December 2020

Topic: polymorphic iconography in Egyptian religious iconography - special and separate types of mixed, theriomorphic and combined images / icons / forms, always with animal heads, double pairs of wings, phallus, and other magical symbols. Archaeological evidence: images appear on small size flat amulets, papyri fragments (also serving as amulets), bronze statuettes and magical healing statues. Textual evidence: lack of distinctive proper names Place: Egypt, without special area of provenance Date: Late Period (7th – 4th centuries BC), Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (from 4th century BC) Important terms:Pantheistic as an idea of all-embracing god (Pantheos)ba as an emanation / form / manifestation of a god, significantly associated with the image of the god. The animals were ba of gods.bau - strength, power, good and bad at the same time, affecting the whole world, and humans in particular. With the help of magic bau can be manipulated, to ensure people health and success. DeitesBes – Egyptian god – demon, present in magical context, protector of maternity, life, music, safety, with strong solar interpretation, often depicted as a dwarfTutu (Tithoes) – popular especially as Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt deity; main role was to repel negative powers and to protect people in danger; depicted as sphinx with mixed animal and magical attributesLamashtu – female Mesopotamian goddess / demon, who preys on mothers and children, depicted in magical context with animal elementsPazuzu – male Babylonian and Assyrian demonic god with rather beneficent, magical role, depicted with animal elementsNine–Shaped (Enneamorfos) – figure present in written Greek Magical Papyri, defined as composed of nine forms, especially of animal origin with magic function and Egyptian genesis Key problem: distribution of polymorphic iconography in other cultures, parallels, influences on the visual level (codification of symbols) and also on the ideological level (magical activity hidden / symbolised in a representation) Question of the talk: to define potential influences in the Near Eastern perspective - is the polymorphic idea specific to one culture or common to all ancient religious thinking about deities?
The Nature of Geographical Knowledge in Hittite Anatolia in the 18th to 12th Centuries BCE in the Light of Cuneiform Sources
Authors: Kryszeń Adam 
Published: December 2020

The talk will discuss a new, three-year project that is about to start at the University of Warsaw. It's aim is to investigate selected aspects of the –broadly speaking – Hittite perception of the world on the basis of the original Hittite cuneiform texts. It is organized into five subsequent partial (sub)investigations:

Understanding Hittite space and place. Distribution and function of Hittite geographical determinatives.
The structure and function of borders and border descriptions.
Itineraries and the problem of distance.
Geographical horizon and the role of space and territorial expansion in the royal ideology.
Geography in Hittite epic and myth.
Economic models in Ancient Near East economies
Authors: First Grzegorz 
Published: December 2020

Input definitions:

Economy – the core is the allocation of goods and resources
Model – theoretical and simplified concept of reality the aim of which is to illustrate mechanisms governing the reality

Two assumptions:

we do not treat Near East economy as a whole
problem with precise statistical data referring to the ancient times

Models:

circulations: production, storage, distribution and consumption
G=f(P, R, T, I), where G is global income (produced goods),P – people, R – resources, T – technology and I – institutions
cooperation between state (including religious institutions) and private sector
question of existence of market economy - demand and supply with price or its equivalent as a tool of relation

Terms and persons to clarify:

nmḥ (Egyptian) - people, who had own land and paid taxes to the royal treasure = ἐλεύθερος (Greek)
tamkaru (Akkadian) - royal clerks who performed long-distance trade for fixed prices
embeddedness - economic behaviour in certain historical and social conditions as well as cultural and even religious ones
John Maynard Keynes – British economist (1883-1946) - Keynesianism idea assumes a great role of the state as the creator of demand

Key problem: correspondence of contemporary economic models with the reality of the ancient Near East
Question of the talk: translation of economic rules current in our times into different realities in the earlier times – continuity vs. change
Clay Figurines from Sirkeli Höyük
Authors: Looney Moira 
Published: December 2020

Sirkeli Höyük is a settlement mound in the cilician plain near Adana, Turkey. It was first excavated in the 1930s by John Garstang. Work there was resumed in the 1990s by Barthel Hrouda and Horst Ehringhaus, and then again from 2006 until the present day; initially by the Universities of Tübingen and Çanakkale and subsequently (2011 onwards) by the Universities of Bern and Çanakkale. My Master’s thesis focused on the terracotta figurines unearthed during the excavations from 1992 onwards. Its aim was to construct a classification for the material from Sirkeli Höyük, which I documented, classified and catalogued according to their shape. I did not create a completely new classification, but rather tried to build on work form A. Pruss and H. Goldmann, who’s approaches I adapted to suit the material from Sirkeli Höyük. The terracotta figurines found to date span the following epochs: the Hellenistic period, the Iron Age, the Late Bronze Age, and the Middle Bronze Age. The first aim of my PhD is to construct a working typology for these terracotta figurines by clearly defining the criteria of each of the different types. In a second phase I intend to elaborate my existing comparison of the material from Sirkeli Höyük and figurines from other excavations in the cicilian plain, to document their geographical distribution and diversity. The final phase will be an evaluation of the temporal dispersion of differing styles with a view to determining the extent of any extra-regional influences.
Purity without Borders: Material Culture and Jewish Diaspora in the Late Second Temple Period
Authors: Schöpf Friederike 
Published: December 2020

Chalkstone vessels, interpreted as objects for certain Jewish purity concerns, found on Tall Zira’a, near Gadara (Northern Jordan), bring up the question how purity obligations were practiced in the early Jewish Diaspora during the Roman Period. In Israel they are mostly known in the region of Galilee and Iudaea, in Jewish religiously observant environments.Growing numbers of those finds in Jordan – also in small scale settlements - in general show a larger distribution of these objects than originally thought. I would like to discuss if we see here a religious concern, a certain ‘aesthetical’ trend or a matter of identity.How have they been relevant to the community that lived outside the borders of ‘Biblical Israel’ and had no frequent access to the Temple or Jerusalem as a holy centre? Could the indication of the objects change in a more Gentile environment like Jordan?These material finds could be an opportunity to approach a wider understanding of the daily life of the early Diaspora.
Sacked and Cursed? New data on the transition from the city-state to the Hittite capital Hattuša
Authors: Strupler Néhémie 
Published: December 2020

When: Karum Period: First centuries of the 2nd millennium B.C. when Assyrian and Anatolian merchants took part in large-scale commercial exchanges between Aššur and central Anatolia. Most of the epigraphic finds come from the 19th century BC, and the 18th century is less known. We don’t know how the commercial exchanges came to an end. Until the establishment of the administration at the Hittite capital Hattuša/Boğazköy (1650), there is a hiatus in the epigraphical records for more than a century. Who: Anitta, son of Pithana, an ambitious ruler who created one of the first Kingdom in Central Anatolian (modern Turkey) in the mid 18th century.Where: Boğazköy (modern name, in Central Anatolia) was a city called Ḫattuš and was an exchange place in the Anatolian Network of the Karum period. The site was selected as the capital of the Hittites around 1650 by Ḫattušili I, the first well attested Hittite King.
nam-nar/nārūtu in the Seleucid Period: revisiting an excerpt of CT 17, pl. 18 [BM 34223+]
Authors: Sánchez Munõz Daniel 
Published: December 2020

We find the following textual excerpt in the cuneiform tablet BM 34223+, a manuscript of the exorcistic bilingual (Sumerian-Akkadian) series from the Seleucid Period currently known as “Compendium”:
iv 18. en2 saŋ-gig an-eden-na i3-du7-du7 im-gen7 mu-un-ri-riiv 19. im-dub 24 EZEN(šer3/kešda) nam-nar eš2-gar3 udug-ḫul-meš nu al-til
iv 18. Incantation: “The (demon of the) headache whirls in the steppe, and it drifts there like the wind”iv 19. 24th Tablet. Song/riksu of the nam-nar. Series “Evil demons”. Not complete.
There have been several interpretations in the past for the “EZEN nam-nar” of this textual excerpt; however, all of them have been based on different readings and meanings of EZEN without a serious analysis of the textual mentions of the Sumerian nam-nar (and its Akkadian equivalent nārūtu) during the Seleucid Period.
The Materiality of Cylinder Seals
Authors: Gäumann Nicole 
Published: December 2020

In the 1980ies Dr. Julia Asher-Greve conducted chemical and mineralogical material analysis on cylinder seals as a part of her SNF-funded project „Naturwissenschaftliche und typologische Untersuchungen an Rollsiegeln“. 1017 seals have been analysed using the non-destructive methods of EDS-XFA (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis) for chemical classification and XRF (X-ray diffraction) for mineralogical classification. This was one of the first large scale projects on Mesopotamian glyptic with its main focus on materiality rather than style, iconography or inscription as was usually the case when working on cylinder seals. Since then much work on the materiality of seals has been done, mostly by institutions such as the British Museum. This is because those institutions have access to large seal corpora and they either have the funds to pay for the costly analysis or possess the means to analyse the seals themselves.
As I ‘inherited’ the unfinished project of Dr. Asher-Greve including the analysis (which still need to be interpreted), I am painfully aware of the difficulties and problems to be encountered with such old analysis. In my 10-minute talk I will give an insight to the chances and limitations of scientific material analysis on archaeological artefacts. For especially small and precious objects like cylinder seals need to be treated with the uttermost care and under no circumstances should they take damage in the process of being analysed.
Branch prunning and chicken manure application to improve growth and yield of brocolli in lowland area
Authors: Herliana Okti , Ahadiyat Yugi R 
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of branch pruning and chicken manure application on improving the growth and yield of broccoli in the lowland. The research was conducted in the dry land of Kutasari Village, Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency at 138 m above sea level. The research was arranged in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of two factors of chicken manure application (without chicken manure and with chicken manure at doses of 10 ton.ha-1 and 20 ton.ha-1) and branch pruning (without and with branch pruning of 25% and 50%). The pruning was performed when the plants initiated flowers. The observed data were analyzed with the F test and followed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a P>0.05. The branch pruning resulted in a significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf width, head weight, and head diameter. Meanwhile, the chicken manure application showed a significant effect on all of the observed variables. There was an interaction effect of branch pruning and chicken manure application on the leaf width, head weight, and head diameter. The best result was obtained by the combined treatment of 50% branch pruning and 20 ton.ha-1 chicken manure, resulting in the head weight of 1048.33 g.plant-1 and leaf width of 1705.41 cm2.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFOGRAPHICS IN SPEAKING FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION COURSE
Authors: Bimantara Ketut Lingga , Myartawan I Putu Ngurah Wage , Dewi Kadek Sintya 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to observe the implementation of infographics in speaking for social interaction course and analyze students' responses toward infographics implementation. This study used an embedded mixed-method design with qualitative dominant in which the primary component is qualitative and the supporting component is quantitative. This study was conducted in English Language Education Department of Ganesha University especially in speaking for social interaction course. The results showed that in implementing infographics in the speaking class, the lecturer used infographics in pre-activity, whilst-activity, post-activity. The researcher found the use of infographics only once in pre-activity as brainstorming media, twice in whilst activity as the practice for students to know the capability of the students' speaking skill, and the rest of the meetings the lecturer used the infographics in post-activity as evaluation. Additionally, the implementation of infographics in post-activity also got positive responses from most of the students. Majority of the students stated that the use of infographics was very beneficial in supporting students to speak better.