bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Health Risk Assessment Model (PH-RAM) for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps – A case study of North Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Mahmoud Elfadil Mohammed , Pal Indrajit , Abbas Haitham Bashier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in North Darfur of Sudan have been experiencing serious public health risks such as high prevalence rate, and outbreaks of communicable diseases. Public health risk assessment is complex as researchers engaged in disaster science and management use different quantitative models with different interpretations. The objective of the present study is to proposes methodology for developing Public Health Risk Assessment Model (PH-RAM) to quantify and conceptualizing public health risk as a function of hazard, vulnerability, and capacity.Methods: Household-level public health risk has been assessed integrating the three main component indices, hazard, vulnerability, and capacity, using primary data collected from households of the three IDP camps. Administered survey was performed in 326 households in three IDP camps (Shangil Tobaya, Zamzam, and Abu Shouk) using cluster sampling technique. Households were classified into four public health risk levels, i.e., low risk, moderate risk, high risk, and very high risk. Results: The result shows that the levels of public health risk varied significantly across households in three camps. Households of the Shangil Tobaya camp (in a rural area) were found to be the most vulnerable and the most at high risk to communicable diseases compared to other two camps because of insufficient health services, inadequate water, poor sanitation, and low level of income. The study recommended, mitigation and prevention measures to reduce the factors that are increased the vulnerability of the IDPs to health risks. Conclusions: Our study shows that the suggested PH-RAM could be served as household-level public health risk assessment tools in the context of IDPs at the local, national and regional levels.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Pattern of Patient Care in Otorhinolaryngology Practice in a Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Goswami Abhilasha , M Sarun S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims-To study the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on patient load in a tertiary care centre and the innovations and methods used to improve the safety of the healthcare workers, to provide adequate treatment in the department of Otorhinolaryngology.Materials and methods-This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, at a tertiary care hospital centre in North-East India. This study included data collected from the patient registers maintained in our department, and included data over a 4-month period, from April, 2020 to July, 2020. Age, gender, place of residence, clinical diagnosis and the operative procedure performed were included in the data profile for analysis. The above-mentioned registers were also reviewed to retrieve details about the rate of admission during the study period in the previous year. Data was collected and represented, in both descriptive and tabular forms, after proper statistical analysis.Results-We found out that there is a drastic reduction in number of patients attending in our department of Otorhinolaryngology during this COVID-19 pandemic. Certain innovative methods for protecting healthcare workers from viral transmission were put into our practice based on the peer reviewed articles, from June,2020 and the rate of elective procedures and in-patient admissions were thus increased.Conclusion- Knowledge of new innovative methods in Otorhinolaryngology will help overcome the difficulties faced during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Genetic expression and mutation profile analysis in different pathologic stages of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Gao Xingjie , Zhao Chunyan , Cui Xiaoteng , Zhang Nan , Ren Yuanyuan , Su Chao , Wu Shaoyuan , Yao Zhi , Yang Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The expression and mutation of multiple genes are involved in the complicated mechanism regarding the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical pathological stage of HCC is closely linked to clinical prognosis of liver cancer. This study aims at analyzing the gene expression and mutation profile of different clinical pathological stages of HCC (stage I, II, III-IV), based on 367 HCC cases included in TCGA cohort.Results: We identified a series of targeting genes with copy number variation (CNV), which is statistically associated with gene expression. For instance, compared withthe normal group, CCNE2 gene is highly expressed in the tumor group and specificstage I group, which are associated withthree CNV types of single deletion, single gain, and amplification mutations. Protein interaction network construction and followed "Molecular Complex Detection" analysis indicated that the high expression of some cell cycle-related genes in HCC, such as TTK, CDC20, ASPM, is positively correlated with CNV. Non-synonymous mutations mainly existed in some genes, such as TTN, TP53, CTNNB1, MUC16, andALB, however, we did not observe the association between thegene mutation frequency and the clinical pathological grade distribution. The rs121913396 and rs121913400 polymorphisms withintheCTNNB1 gene were associated with the high expression of CTNNB1 protein, but not linked to the clinical prognosis of HCC. We performed the random forest and decision tree approachesfor the modeling analysis and identified a group of genes related to different HCC pathological grades, such as the lowly expressed VIPR1, FAM99A, and GNA14 genes, or highly expressed CEP55, SEMA3F, and PRR11. Moreover, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain several genes associated with different pathological grades, including SLC27A5, ADAM17, SNRPA, SNRPD2, and ALDH2. Finally, we confirmed the highly expressed GAS2L3, SNRPA, SNRPD2 genes in the HCC tissues, for the first time, through a Chinese HLivH060PG02 cohort analysis.Conclusions: The identification of the targeting genes, including GAS2L3, SNRPA, SNRPD2, provides insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with different prognosis of HCC.
COVID-19 Forecasting using Multivariate Linear Regression
Authors: Suganya R. , R.Arunadevi  , M.Buhari Seyed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province. The objective of this research is to propose a forecasting model using the COVID-19 available dataset from top affected regions across the world using machine learning algorithms. Machine Learning algorithms help us achieve this objective. Regression models are one of the supervised machine learning techniques to classify large-scale data. This research aims to apply Multivariate Linear Regression to predict the number of confirmed and death COVID-19 cases for a span of one and two weeks. The experimental results explain 99\% variability in prediction with the R-squared statistics scores of 0.992. The algorithms are evaluated using the error matrix such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and accuracy for top affected regions across the world.
May Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membranes Have Impact on Outcome of COVID-19 Hemodialysis Patients?
Authors: YALIN SERKAN FEYYAZ , MURT AHMET , DINCER MEVLUT TAMER , PARMAKSIZ ERGUN , YADIGAR SERAP , ALTIPARMAK MEHMET RIZA 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is a novel type of coronavirus, may lead to high levels of expression of inflammatory cytokines. Medium cut-off membranes may make greater clearances for large-middle molecules (including cytokines) than low flux membranes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate impact of type of hemodialysis membranes on outcome of COVID 19+ hemodialysis patients.Methods: Forty nine COVID 19 + hemodialysis patients were included into study. The patients were categorized into two groups regarding type of hemodialysis membranes. Clinical data, etiologies of kidney diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and radiologic findings, antiviral, anti-cytokine treatments, and hemodialysis data were taken from medical records. Results: Medium cut-off membranes were used in 15 patients and low flux membranes were used in 34 patients. There were significantly more patients with comorbidities in medium cut-off group compare to low flux group (p=0,014). CRP and ferritin which are each surragates of cytokine storm in COVID-19, were significantly higher in medium cut-off membrane group compare to low flux group (p=0,00, 0,01, respectively).Conclusion: It may be an option to use medium cut-off membranes in hemodialysis patients with COVID 19 in order to reduce cytokine levels and prevent cytokine storm.
G6PD deficiency and severity of COVID19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Youssef Jihad G. , Zahiruddin Faisal , Youssef George , Padmanabhan Sriram , Ensor Joe , Pingali Sai Ravi , Zu Youli , Sahay Sandeep , Iyer Swaminathan P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The severe pneumonia caused by human coronavirus (hCoV)-SARS-CoV-2 has inflicted heavy causalities, especially among the elderly and those with comorbid illnesses irrespective of age. The high mortality in African Americans and males, in general, raises concern for a possible X-linked mediated process that could affect viral pathogenesis and the immune system. We hypothesized that G6PD, the most common X-linked enzyme deficiency associated with redox status, may have a role in the severity of pneumonia. A retrospective chart review was performed in hospitalized patients with COVID19 pneumonia needing supplemental oxygen. A total of 17 patients were evaluated: six with G6PD deficiency and 11 with normal levels. The two groups (normal and G6PD def) were comparable in terms of age, sex and comorbidities and laboratory parameters LDH, IL-6, CRP, and ferritin. Thirteen patients needed ventilatory support, with 6 in the G6PD group (83% vs. 72%). The main differences indicating increasing severity in the G6PD def group included G6PD levels (12.2 vs. 5.6, P=0.0002), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (159 vs. 108, P=0.05), days before intubation (2.5 vs. 4.8 P= 0.03), days on mechanical ventilation (10.25 vs. 21 days P=0.04), hemoglobin level (10 vs. 8.1 P=0.03) and hematocrit (32 vs. 26 P=0.015). Only one patient with G6PD deficiency died; 16 were discharged home. Our clinical series ascribes a possible biological role for G6PD deficiency in SARS-CoV2 viral proliferation. It is imperative that further studies be performed to understand the interplay between the viral and host factors in G6PD deficiency that may lead to disparity in outcomes.
Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Key Cities of China
Authors: Cui Qiwei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and then spread rapidly from multiple resources to other provinces and other cities in China. In this paper, genomes collected in four Chinese cities: Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou were analyzed as the A1 module of the MAS. Starting from the virus gene sequence itself, multiple probability statistics are applied to extract characteristics from virus genomes. Variations of genomes can be compared and visualized in such conditions. It is interesting to see various similar and different properties visualized under various groups after transformations. In this way, key mutation characteristics could be observed and this type of results is helpful for further scientific researches on COVID-19 applications.
The -172A&gt;G Polymorphism in ADAM17&nbsp;Promoter Region Enhances Its Binding to EGR1&nbsp;and Confers Susceptibility to Sepsis Progression
Authors: Shao Yiming , Zhang Wenying , Zhao Tian , Lu Furong , Hong Yuan , Liu Lizhen , Cai Yujie , Wei Ning , Cheng HongXiao , Chen Feng , He Junbing , Cui Lili 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is a proteolytic cleaving protein with a crucial function in inflammatory responses, especially sepsis. But the clear role of ADAM17 in sepsis and the underlying mechanism remained unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the clinical relevance of the ADAM17 rs12692386 (-172A>G) promoter polymorphism in sepsis progression and to further explore the effect and mechanism of the early growth response 1 (EGR1) /ADAM17 pathway in the inflammatory process following sepsis. Methods: A case-control study with a total of 903 sepsis patients and 1150 controls were enrolled to determine the association of ADAM17 -172A>G polymorphism with sepsis. The transcription factor binding to the promoter region of ADAM17 gene was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect EGR1 and ADAM17 expression. Cytokine production was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of EGR1/ADAM17 pathway on sepsis-induced inflammatory responses was evaluated in EGR1-silenced cells and endotoxemia mouse model.Results: Patients with sepsis subtype exhibited significantly lower frequencies of the -172AG/GG genotypes compared to those with severe sepsis (29.3% vs. 45.9%, P=0.0002) or septic shock (29.3% vs. 42.4%, P=0.0032). The frequency of -172G allele in the 28-day non-surviving patients was significantly higher than that in the surviving patients (29.3% vs. 21.8%, P=0.0188). The results of in vitro lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and luciferase assays indicated that the −172 A-to-G variation could functionally upregulate promoter activity and transcription of ADAM17 gene via enhancing the binding affinity of its promoter region with the EGR1. The ChIP assay identified the direct interaction. Further studies demonstrated that the EGR1/ADAM17 intervention could significantly decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro and improve the survival and inflammatory response of sepsis mouse model.Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the ADAM17 -172A>G polymorphism can functionally enhance ADAM17 expression and promote sepsis-induced inflammatory responses via the EGR1/ADAM17 pathway, which ultimately promote sepsis progression and poor prognosis.
5-methylcytonsine profiles in mouse transcriptomes suggest the randomness of m5C formation catalyzed by RNA methyltransferase
Authors: Liu Junfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a type of chemical modification on the nucleotides and is widespread in both DNA and RNA. Although the DNA m5C has been extensively studied over the past years, the distribution and biological function of RNA m5C still remain to be elucidated. Here, I explored the profiles of RNA m5C in four mouse tissues and found that the methylation rates of cytosine were the same with the averages of methylation level at single-nucleotide level. Furthermore, I gave a mathematical formula to describe the observed relationship and analyzed it deeply. The sufficient necessary condition for the given formula suggests that the methylation levels at most m5C sites are the same in four mouse tissues. Therefore, I proposed a hypothesis that the m5C formation catalyzed by RNA methyltransferase is random and with the same probability at most m5C sites, which is the methylation rate of cytosine. My hypothesis can be used to explain the observed profiles of RNA m5C in four mouse tissues and will be benefit to future studies of the distribution and biological function of RNA m5C in mammals.
Socio-emotional Strengths Against Psychopathology and Suicidal Ideation in Fear of Covid-19
Authors: Soto-Sanz Victoria , Falcó Raquel , Piqueras José Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. It also leads to different types of psychosocial problems in society as a result of preventive health measures and the disease itself. Among others, psychopathological symptoms and suicide behaviors have increased. The PsicorecurSOS COVID-19 online protocol was designed. At baseline, 1,020 Spanish adults were assessed, during confinement, for sociodemographics, fear of COVID-19, anxious-depressive symptoms, covitality, and suicidal ideation. Reliability, descriptive, and frequency analyses were carried out, and the computer tool SPSS PROCESS was used to carry out a conditional process analysis (model 59). A total of 595 participants were included (58.30% response rate from baseline; mean age = 37.18 [SD = 13.30]; 72.44% female). Regarding suicidal ideation, 12% responded differently to “never,” 19.3% exceeded the cutoff point on the anxiety scale, and 24% on the depression scale. Moderate mediation analysis explained 27% of the variance in suicidal ideation. In addition, the indirect effect of moderate mediation was significant (b = -.003, SE = .002 with the presence of covitality; and b = .01, SE = .003 absence of covitality). Sex and age did not influence the overall outcome of the model. The data from this study can serve as a starting point for generating social and health treatment initiatives based on self-examination of anxiety-depressive symptoms and increasing socio-emotional skills in order to prevent and alleviate the psychosocial effects of the pandemic.
Improve Nurses’ Engagement of Public Sector Hospitals in pandemic of COVID-19 through Authentic Leadership: Mediating role of Moral Emotions and Moderating role of Perceived Coronavirus Threat
Authors: Malik Muhammad Faisal , Khan Muhammad Asif , Mahmood Saqib , Ilyas Naveed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The study highlighted the issue of the engagement of nurses in the public hospital sector.Objectives: The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of authentic leadership on the engagement of nurses in the mediating role of moral emotions. The perceived threat of coronavirus was considered to be a boundary condition of the relationship. DesignMethod: The study was conducted in accordance with the Positivism Research Philosophy Guidelines, followed by a deductive approach and data was collected through self-directed questionnaires. 134 responses were collected from nurses working in various public sector hospitals operating in twin cities in Pakistan, in particular public sector hospitals where coronavirus patients are being treated. There are 277,402 confirmed cases of Coronavirus, being treated in 11 designation hospitals in twin cities of Pakistan. Results: The result was produced with the help of Amos. Path diagrams for mediation and moderation hypotheses were obtained and interpreted accordingly. The results showed that compassionate individuals were selfless even in the Covid-19 pandemic. Elevation and gratitude as a moral emotion have a more serious effect on the perceived threat to coronavirus.Conclusion: In the current scenario, the organization should identify the nursing staff with full compassion as it has been identified that the compassionate individual performs his or her duties even in the worst situation or during the Covid-19 pandemic.What is already known about the topic?Authentic Leadership are having the potential to influence their followers through personal and organizational Identification and then effect their cognitions.What this paper adds:The current study add novelty and expanded the knowledge about authentic leadership and theory of authentic leadership since it add:· Perceived coronavirus threat as boundary condition· Moral Emotions· Engagement
T1 slope minus cervical lordosis in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with or without plate: a mean 6-year follow up
Authors: Ge Rile , Yang Peng , Liu Xin , Wen Bingtao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose

Cervical alignment between self-locked cage (SLC) and anterior cage-with-plate (ACP) system was debatable, especially in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). T1 slope minus C2-C7 cervical lordosis (T1S-CL) was critical for cervical-balance while without identified threshold. Thus the study was to compare sagittal alignment between SLC and ACP on 3-level ACDF and to identify the threshold of T1S-CL in 3-level ACDF.
Methods

45 patients of 3-level SLC and 28 cases of 3-level ACP with well-matched demographics were retrospectively enrolled with 6.1-year follow-up. Cervical alignment paramters were CL, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), T1S and T1S-CL, as well as adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), obtained on X-ray. Neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were recorded for evaluating quality of life (QOL). NDI of 20 was difined as the cutoff of QOL. Threshold of T1S-CL was determined by both linear and logistic regression model.
Result

CL, C2-C7 SVA and T1S were insignificant at baseline and all parameters were indifferent at last (P ˃0.05). CL and T1S improved at last in both groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of ASD was comparable between groups (P ˃0.05). Both groups acquired inprovement on NDI and JOA (P < 0.001). There were close correlation among alignment paramters and between parameters and NDI at final follow-up. C2-C7 SVA was independent risk factor for NDI and two regression models predicted C2-C7 SVA with a cutoff of 29.2 mm, corresponded to the threshold on T1S-CL of 20.7°.
Conclusions

It is comparable on alignment reconstruction between SLC and ACP system. The cutoff on C2-C7 SVA with 29.2 mm corresponds to a thershold of T1S-CL with 20.7° in multilevel ACDF.
Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) Site Choice Based on Anatomical Landmark Technique: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Short title:CVC Site Choice Strategy
Authors: Gu Yang , Xu Wenting , Zhang Qingqing , Chen Zhigang , Feng Di , Wei Juan , Jin Xiaohong , Zhou Huanping , Song Jiong , Lv Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) have been the most preferred central venous catheterization (CVC) sites clinically. Based on individual preference and institutional routine, however, the choice of IJV catheterization (IJVC) or SCV catheterization (SCVC) is lack of high-level evidence. We sought to provide useful clinical strategy by comparing the catheterization time, success rate and the mechanical complications involved of the two CVCs.METHODS: We systematically reviewed eligible studies from PubMed, OVID, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov till February 2020. The primary outcomes were catheterization time and overall success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the first-attempt success rate and the instant mechanical complications. RESULTS: A total of 3378 patients from 7 studies were included in the analysis. Neither difference was found on the catheterization time (SMD 95% CI: -0.095-0.124, p=0.792), nor any difference on the overall success rate (RR=1.017, 95% CI: 0.927-1.117, p=0.721, I2=89.6%) between the 2 procedures. However, subgroup analysis showed overall success rate of IJVC was significantly lower than that of SCVC (RR=0.906, 95%CI:0.850-0.965, p=0.002) in adult patients. The first-attempt success rate of IJVC group was higher than SCVC group in the adult patients (RR=1.472, 95%CI:1.004-2.156, p=0.047). No significance was detected in arterial injury (RR=1.137, 95% CI: 0.541-2.387, p=0.735) and pneumothorax (RR=0.600, 95% CI: 0.32-1.126, p=0.112) between the two procedures. Hematoma was significantly more in IJVC group than that in SCVC group (RR=2.824, 95% CI: 1.181-6.751, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with IJVC, SCVC has a higher overall success rate while a lower first-attempt success rate in adults, and has involved with less hematoma. However, more high-quality studies are essential to provide better evidence especially in pediatric patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This meta-analysis was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020165444).