bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH WAKTU LATIHAN TERHADAP KAPASITAS VITAL PARU DITINJAU DARI PARAMETER METEOROLOGI
Authors: Hidayat Iwa Ikhwan , Bahri Samsul 
Published: May 2020

Pusat Olahraga Lebak Siliwangi atau Sarana Olahraga Ganesa (SARAGA) ITB merupakan miniatur dari Kota Bandung karena berada di daerah cekungan dan memiliki kecenderungan terpapar polusi udara yang berasal dari kendaraan bermotor. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan kajian tentang efek polusi udara terhadap kesehatan masyarakat yang melakukan aktifitas olahraga di SARAGAÂ ITB. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasional studi. Sampel adalah para pengunjungÂ yang SARAGA yang rutin berolahraga pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari sebanyak 30 orang dengan menggunakan purposive sampling yang diukur kapasitas vital parunya sebelum dan sesudah berolahraga dengan alat Spirometer contecTMÂ SP10. PadaÂ Masing-masing waktu latihan diukur parameter meteorologi yaitu PM2.5 (polusi) denganÂ Laser Egg Origins Smart Air Quality Monitor, Suhu, dan KelembabanÂ menggunakan alat Weather Station W200. Hasil Nilai berturut-turut dari parameter meteorologiÂ yaitu PM2.5, Suhu, dan Kelembaban ditinjau dari waktu latihan yaitu pagi, sore, dan malam adalah pagi PM.2.5 (10), Suhu (280C), Kelembaban (55%); sore PM.2.5 (29), Suhu (25.10C), Kelembaban (77%); malam PM.2.5 (94), Suhu (21.70C), Kelembaban (89%).Â Sedangkan kapasitas vital paru untuk ketiga waktu latihan (pagi, sore, dan malam) mengalami penurunan sesaat yang signifikan, dengan nilai pagi (3.49:3.22),sore (3.48:3.20),malam (3.58:3.39).Â Kesimpulan Trend paparan dominan polusiÂ tertinggi di Saraga ITB terjadi pada malam hari, peningkatan paparan polusi malam hari disebabkan oleh meningkatnya arus lalu lintas kendaraan di jalan Siliwangi. Suhu dan kelembaban dari ketiga waktu latihan berkorelasi dengan penurunan kapasitas vital paru.
STANDARDISASI DESAIN SERAGAM SEKOLAH SISWA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Andanari Runi , Kahdar Kahfiati , Riyadi Slamet 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Pendidikan formal di Indonesia identik dengan kebutuhan seragam dan telah diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah. Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) merupakan pendidikan awal jalur formal juga telah menerapkan aturan berseragam bagi siswanya meski belum tercantum dalam peraturan pemerintah. Seragam siswa TK yang termasuk dalam kategori busana anak memiliki karakteristik desain khusus agar sesuai dengan fisiologis dan aktivitas anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik desain seragam sekolah yang ideal dan sesuai dengan aktivitas sehingga dapat menjadi rekomendasi standar seragam siswa TK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis isi. Penelitian ini melihat seragam sekolah dari aspek pengguna dan konsumen untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi desain yang memenuhi kedua aspek tersebut. Observasi dilakukan pada 3 (tiga) sekolah TK di Bandung untuk mendapatkan data aktivitas dari aspek pengguna. Data preferensi dari aspek konsumen (orang tua siswa) diambil menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa preferensi desain seragam sekolah berdasarkan konsumen sebagian besar dapat memenuhi standar desain untuk seragam sekolah TK dan menyetujui penerapan aturan wajib berseragam sekolah TK.
Habitat use of Orconectes meeki meeki and Orconectes williamsi in an intermittent Ozark stream
Authors: Herleth-King Shawna S. , Mattingly Hayden T. , DiStefano Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Relatively few studies have examined fine-scale habitat use of crayfish in headwater streams, despite increasing awareness of the importance of such habitats. Orconectes meeki meeki, Meek’s crayfish, is endemic to the upper White River drainage of Missouri and Arkansas, and Orconectes williamsi, Williams’ crayfish, occurs only there and in the Arkansas River drainage. Our objective was to describe speciesspecific habitat use of these crayfishes at two spatial scales (pool-riffle and microhabitat) within a seasonally intermittent stream. From May through August 2008, we sampled ten riffles and five pools in Rock Creek, Missouri, to quantify surface and hyporheic environmental variables. Density of O. m. meeki was similar between riffles and pools; O. williamsi density was greater in riffles. At the riffle scale, O. m. meeki was positively associated with wetted channel width and upwelling hyporheic zones; O. williamsi was negatively associated with surface and hyporheic water temperatures. At the microhabitat scale within riffles, O. m. meeki was positively associated with wetted depth and pebble-cobble substrates; O. williamsi was positively associated with surface velocity and pebble-cobble substrates. Habitat use was relatively static for both species as surface flows waned from May through August. Our research provides detailed, fine-scale habitat associations of the crayfish to complement existing knowledge of these species at coarser spatial scales.
New crayfish species records from the Sipsey Fork drainage, including Lewis Smith Reservoir (Alabama, USA): native or introduced species?
Authors: Adams Susan B. , Roghair Craig , Krause Colin , Warren Melvin L. , Cochran J. Allison , Dolloff Andy , Moran John , McGregor Stuart W. , Schuster Guenter A. , Gangloff Michael , DeVries Dennis R. , Kendrick Michael R. , Grove G. Lee , Wright Russell A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As part of a study of aquatic faunal community changes along riverine-lacustrine transition zones upstream of Lewis Smith Reservoir in northwest Alabama, USA, we collected crayfish from 60 sites in the Sipsey Fork, Brushy Creek, and selected tributaries (Black Warrior River system). After finding two unexpected and possibly-introduced crayfish species, we expanded our investigation of crayfish distributions to include crayfish obtained from stomachs of black bass (Micropterus spp.) caught at seven sites in the reservoir. To explore what crayfish species were in the drainage historically, we examined museum databases as well as stomach and intestinal contents of a variety of preserved fishes that were caught in the Sipsey Fork and Brushy Creek drainages upstream of the reservoir in the early 1990’s. Of the seven crayfish species collected, one, Orconectes (Procericambarus) sp. nr ronaldi, was not previously reported from Alabama, and another, O. lancifer, was not reported from the Black Warrior River system prior to the study. Three are known or possibly introduced species. Upstream of the reservoir, the native species Cambarus obstipus, C. striatus, and O. validus were common. The same three species were found in fish collected in the 1990’s. Orconectes perfectus was found only in the reservoir but may be native to the drainage. Orconectes lancifer was in the reservoir and in stream reaches influenced by the reservoir. Evidence points to O. lancifer being introduced in the drainage, but this is uncertain. Orconectes sp. nr ronaldi was found in a relatively small portion of Brushy Creek and its tributaries, in both flowing and impounded habitats, and may be introduced. Orconectes virilis is introduced in Alabama and was found only in stomachs of fish collected in the reservoir.
Molecular and morphological analyses reveal cryptic crayfish invasions in the Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Kessler Raymond A. , Black Tyler R. , Fraley Stephen J. , Gangloff Michael M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe crayfish genus Orconectes is widespread in North America and includes both regional endemics and several aggressively invasive species. Orconectes rusticus was recently discovered in three western North Carolina streams. We examined specimens from these localities as well as individuals from across the region using molecular and morphological analyses to verify diagnoses. We sequenced and analyzed a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit (COI) gene and compared reads to GenBank reference sequences. We used mtDNA diagnoses to evaluate the utility of quantitative morphological analyses to correctly classify specimens. Comparisons with reference sequences revealed cryptic diversity among introduced populations. The population previously identified as O. rusticus in the Little Tennessee River is genetically most similar to O. juvenilis. Moreover, the putative un-described Cheoah Crayfish appears to be an introduced O. juvenilis population. Comparisons with topotypic and introduced O. juvenilis populations suggest the Little Tennessee River population originated in the lower Ohio Valley and that populations of this cryptic invader may be more widespread than previously believed. Additionally, these results demonstrate the susceptibility of reservoir fisheries to crayfish invasions. Future studies of invasive crayfish and putative new species should use molecular data to verify morphological diagnoses.
Summer food habits of female new river crayfish (Cambarus chasmodactylus) in Anthony Creek, West Virginia
Authors: Fagundo Raquel A. , Loughman Zachary J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCambarus chasmodactylus is restricted to the New River drainage of the Central Appalachians. Female crayfish display cyclic reproductive states, but the ecological implications of this cycle have yet to be assessed. Female C. chasmodactylus were collected from Anthony Creek, West Virginia during the summer months to investigate food habits. Stomach content frequencies were obtained for four broad categories. Food items were identified to the lowest taxonomic level applicable. Feeding spectra were used to assess the importance of prey items. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effects of season, body size, and reproductive state on broad food categories, amount of food consumed, and the frequency of the most abundant prey item. The most food was consumed during June and the least in August. Organic detritus was consumed most frequently and reached its highest frequency in late summer. Animal matter was consumed more frequently by larger animals. Snails were the most predominate animal ingested, showing lower frequencies in June and September in comparison to August and October. Results indicate New River crayfish are feeding generalists and food habits changed with season. There is indication that body size and reproductive state may have a direct or indirect link to food habits.
Cloning, expression and characterization of a chitinase from Paenibacillus chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002
Authors: Liu Cong , Shen Naikun , Wu Jiafa , Jiang Mingguo , Shi Songbiao , Wang Jinzi , Wei Yanye , Yang Lifang 
Published: May 2020

Background
Chitinases are enzymes which degrade β-1,4-glycosidid linkages in chitin. The enzymatic degradation of shellfish waste (containing chitin) to chitooligosaccharides is used in industrial applications to generate high-value-added products from such waste. However, chitinases are currently produced with low efficiency and poor tolerance, limiting the industrial utility. Therefore, identifying chitinases with higher enzymatic activity and tolerance is of great importance.

Methods
Primers were designed using the genomic database of Paenibacillus chitinolyticus NBRC 15660. An exochitinase (CHI) was cloned into the recombinant plasmid pET-22b (+) to form pET-22b (+)-CHI, which was transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 to construct a genomic library. Transformation was confirmed by colony-polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The target sequence was verified by sequencing. Recombinant pET-22b (+)-CHI was transformed into E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) for expression of chitinase. Recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and enzymatic analysis was carried out.

Results
The exochitinase CHI from P. chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002 was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3). Purification yielded a 13.36-fold enrichment and recovery yield of 72.20%. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 750.64 mU mg−1. The optimum pH and temperature for degradation of colloidal chitin were 5.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed high stability, retaining >70% activity at pH 4.0–10.0 and 25–45 °C (maximum of 90 min). The activity of CHI strongly increased with the addition of Ca2+, Mn2+, Tween 80 and urea. Conversely, Cu2+, Fe3+, acetic acid, isoamyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-mercaptoethanol significantly inhibited enzyme activity. The oligosaccharides produced by CHI from colloidal chitin exhibited a degree of polymerization, forming N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and (GlcNAc)2 as products.

Conclusions
This is the first report of the cloning, heterologous expression and purification of a chitinase from P. chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002. The results highlight CHI as a good candidate enzyme for green degradation of chitinous waste.
Individualism as Threat to Patriotism: An Outlook on Students as Social Media User
Authors: Basir Siti Norayu Mohd , Bakar Mohd Zaini Abu 
Published: May 2020

The aims of this paper is to investigate the perception of patriotism concept among students who also a social media user and how the individualism values can possibly be a threat to patriotic values among them. Data collected using qualitative research methods by implementing convenience sampling methods. A total of six students were involved in the interview session. The findings of the research suggested that the informants agreed the most common concept of patriotism are pride and love towards the country and individualism has connection with freedom of speech, autonomy and uniqueness. The spreading and sharing of global values that fought personal rights more important than the right of the community through the internet and the social media caused the erosion of patriotism in modern society but not necessary give impact to their patriotic values. Freedom to respond, use and commenting in social media including sensitive issues like race and religion give new challenges to the unity of the Malaysian people. Therefore, existence of the patriotism is an important medium in defending a country with its own identity.
Screening Out the Phytochemicals and Colour Values in White and Black Rice Lines and Its Interrelationship
Authors: Theiventhiran T. Vasantha , Amutha S. , Ramalingam J. , Hemalatha G. , Umamaheswari T. 
Published: May 2020

Problem: Kavuni is a traditional black rice variety of Tamil Nadu, India it rich in nutritional and therapeutic properties. These traits it is not being cultivated widely, due to long duration, poor tillering and low yielding agronomic characters.
Objectives: In the study, twenty three breeding rice lines from the cross between black kavuni and Co 50 were investigated for colour values and phytochemical viz., total phenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC).
Methods: Twenty five rice samples were grouped as black and white rice based on colour of aleuronic layer by visual inspection. The color values expressed as L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), H° (hue) and C (chroma). TPC by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as milligram of gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g) per g. TFC by aluminum chloride method and expressed as mg catechin equivalent (mg CATE) per 100 g. TAC was measured by pH differential method, expressed as mg cyaniding 3-glucoside per 100 g (c3-glucoside/100 g).
Main results: The black phenotype rice had low value in L*, b*, C, H° and high values in a* than the white color rice. In the black rice group, 145-6 breeding line had darker black aleuronic layer than other black rice. The TPC, TFC and TAC ranged between 0.74 -3.24 mg GAE/g, 12.79 – 82.58 mg CATE/100 g and 0.4-223.76 mg c3-glucoside/100 g, respectively. High level of TPC, TFC and TAC were recorded in black phenotypic rice, where as lower levels in white rice. The maximum amount of TPC and TAC were observed in 145-6 rice line, which on par with parent black kavuni rice. The maximum level TFC was observed in 144-2 rice line than the parent rice kavuni. The TPC, TFC and TAC were negatively correlated with L*, b*, C and H° values and positively correlated with a* values at 0.01 probability level. Among the 23 rice lines, based on TPC, TAC and TFC the superior breeding rice lines were 145-6 and 144-2 respectively. The results showed that dark black grain has higher phytochemicals than white grain.
Main recommendation: The results indicate provide the opportunities to further increase the nutritional benefits of some food products from black rice in terms of therapeutic properties.
Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Sources at Sadat City
Authors: Elsyaed Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam , Mounir Mary 
Published: May 2020

Aims: A great concern directed to non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes due to their public health importance. Detecting the existence, antimicrobial profiles, and virulence repertoire of different STEC serotypes from animals essential for human food are important.
Study Design: This study aimed to investigate the presence of STEC in different hosts, the distribution pattern of stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hlyA genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2, intimin, and enterohemolysin, respectively, and the antimicrobial resistance of the detected serotypes.
Results: A total of 75 samples were collected, 20 fecal samples from broilers, 15 fecal samples from ducks, 20 beef samples, and 20 human urine samples. Escherichia coli was detected at a rate of 60/75 (80%) distributed as;17 (85%), 8 (53.3%), 15(75%), and 20 (100%) from broilers, ducks, human urine, and beef samples, respectively. There was a significant difference between the isolation rates of E. coli from different sources with p<0.05. The prevalent serotypes were O78, O2:H6, O15:H2, and O26: H1. The frequency of stx1 gene was 56/60 (93.3%), stx2 gene was 55/60 (91.6%), the eaeA gene was 35/60 (58.3%), and hlyA gene was 26/60 (43.3%). The most effective antimicrobials were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin with the efficacy of 52/60 (86.6%) for each, while the efficacy of chloramphenicol and doxycycline was 5/60 (8.3%) and 44/60 (73.3%), respectively.
Conclusion: The high frequency of non-O157 Shiga toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from different samples at Sadat City, high prevalence of virulence factors and resistance to chloramphenicol and doxycycline will help in monitoring the distribution of virulent serotypes and contribute to the establishment of control measures to reduce the spread of infection.
Circularly Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Encapsulation Engineering for MOF‐Based Fluorescent/Phosphorescent White Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Fu Hong‐Ru , Wang Ning , Wu Xiao‐Xia , Li Fei‐Fei , Zhao Ying , Ma Lu‐Fang , Du Miao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptical materials with circularly polarized luminescence and room temperature phosphorescence currently attract great attention owing to their unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, via the coordination‐induced assembly strategy, a homochiral metal–organic framework (MOF) 1 with high stability and porosity is successfully synthesized by using the achiral triphenylamine‐based molecule as the building block. Remarkably, MOF 1 shows circularly polarized luminescence and phosphorescence at room temperature simultaneously, also with excellent anisotropic optical properties. Furthermore, MOF 1 can serve as a nanocontainer to construct dye‐encapsulated host–guest systems. Importantly, the multicolor emissions including white‐light emission can be achieved. The corresponding color rendering index and correlated color temperature values of light emitting device are 73 and 5541 K, when using dye‐loaded MOF 1⊃RhB 10 (CIE: 0.33, 0.33) as single‐phase white light‐emitting phosphor. This study first reports circularly polarized phosphorescence based on MOF without precious metals under ambient conditions, and also is first time for phosphorescent polarized materials with high porosity. These results will open up a new pathway to the design of porous chiroptical materials and white‐light materials.
All‐Optical Helicity‐Dependent Switching in Hybrid Metal–Ferromagnet Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Feng , Du Zhidong , Wang Xinjun , Cai Ziqiang , Li Lin , Wang Chuangtang , Benabbas Abdelkrim , Champion Paul , Sun Nianxiang , Pan Liang , Liu Yongmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past decades, optical manipulation of magnetization by ultrafast laser pulses has attracted extensive interest. It not only shows intriguing fundamental science arising from the interactions between spins, electrons, phonons, and photons, but also manifests the potential to process and store data at a speed that is three orders of magnitude faster than the current technologies. In this paper, all‐optical helicity‐dependent switching (AO‐HDS) in hybrid metal–ferromagnet thin films, which consist of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and an Au film capping layer on the top, is experimentally demonstrated. The switching behaviors of the hybrid Co/Pt–Au material, with various laser repetition rates, scanning speeds, and fluencies, are systematically studied. In comparison with bare Co/Pt multilayers, the hybrid metal–ferromagnet thin films show pronounced AO‐HDS when the number of laser pulses per μm along the scanning direction gradually increases. In addition, the AO‐HDS effect is very robust against laser fluences. A possible mechanism is further proposed based on numerical simulations of the optomagnetic coupling model. These findings promise a new material system that exhibits stable AO‐HDS phenomena, and hence can transform future magnetic storage devices, especially with the addition of plasmonic nanostructures made of noble metals.
KIAA1217: A novel candidate gene associated with isolated and syndromic vertebral malformations
Authors: Al Dhaheri Noura , Wu Nan , Zhao Sen , Wu Zhihong , Blank Robert D. , Zhang Jianguo , Raggio Cathy , Halanski Matthew , Shen Jianxiong , Noonan Ken , Qiu Guixing , Nemeth Blaise , Sund Sarah , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Chapman Gavin , Glurich Ingrid , Steiner Robert D. , Wohler Elizabeth , Martin Renan , Sobreira Nara Lygia , Giampietro Philip F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVertebral malformations (VMs) are caused by alterations in somitogenesis and may occur in association with other congenital anomalies. The genetic etiology of most VMs remains unknown and their identification may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic and prevention strategies. Exome sequencing was performed on both the discovery cohort of nine unrelated probands from the USA with VMs and the replication cohort from China (Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis & COmorbidities study). The discovery cohort was analyzed using the PhenoDB analysis tool. Heterozygous and homozygous, rare and functional variants were selected and evaluated for their ClinVar, HGMD, OMIM, GWAS, mouse model phenotypes, and other annotations to identify the best candidates. Genes with candidate variants in three or more probands were selected. The replication cohort was analyzed by another in‐house developed pipeline. We identified rare heterozygous variants in KIAA1217 in four out of nine probands in the discovery cohort and in five out of 35 probands in the replication cohort. Collectively, we identified 11 KIAA1217 rare variants in 10 probands, three of which have not been described in gnomAD and one of which is a nonsense variant. We propose that genetic variations of KIAA1217 may contribute to the etiology of VMs.