bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BoneMA—synthesis and characterization of a methacrylated bone-derived hydrogel for bioprinting of in-vitro vascularized tissue constructs
Authors: Parthiban S Prakash , Athirasala Avathamsa , Tahayeri Anthony , Abdelmoniem Reyan , George Anne , Bertassoni Luiz E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has long been proposed that recapitulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native human tissues in the laboratory may enhance the regenerative capacity of engineered scaffolds in-vivo. Organ- and tissue-derived decellularized ECM biomaterials have been widely used for tissue repair, especially due to their intrinsic biochemical cues that can facilitate repair and regeneration. The main purpose of this study was to synthesize a new photocrosslinkable human bone-derived ECM hydrogel for bioprinting of vascularized scaffolds. To that end, we demineralized and decellularized human bone fragments to obtain a bone matrix, which was further processed and functionalized with methacrylate groups to form a photocrosslinkable methacrylate bone ECM hydrogel— bone-derived biomaterial (BoneMA). The mechanical properties of BoneMA were tunable, with the elastic modulus increasing as a function of photocrosslinking time, while still retaining the nanoscale features of the polymer networks. The intrinsic cell-compatibility of the bone matrix ensured the synthesis of a highly cytocompatible hydrogel. The bioprinted BoneMA scaffolds supported vascularization of endothelial cells and within a day led to the formation of interconnected vascular networks. We propose that such a quick vascular network formation was due to the host of pro-angiogenic biomolecules present in the bone ECM matrix. Further, we also demonstrate the bioprintability of BoneMA in microdimensions as injectable ECM-based building blocks for microscale tissue engineering in a minimally invasive manner. We conclude that BoneMA may be a useful hydrogel system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
RETRACTED: Synthesis of cubic boron nitride diffused-D2 steel surface composite by thermo-chemical diffusion process to enhance the wear resistance
Authors: Saggu Harminder Singh , Prakash Chander , Kang Amardeep Singh , Pruncu Catalin I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The diffusion of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) on the D2 tool steel surface was investigated using a thermo-chemical process in order to enhance the tribological properties of tool steel surfaces. The c-BN was diffused on the tool steel surface applying the thermochemical diffusion process using argon controlled furnace. The effect of temperature and soaking time on the diffusion process, micro-hardness, and wear resistance were the main parameters evaluated. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the morphology and elemental composition of the as-synthesized c-BN-D2 surface composite. Here, the micro-hardness of manufactured coatings was investigated using a Vickers hardness tester. The wear resistance of surface composite was studied using a pin-on-disk apparatus. The morphological investigation revealed that c-BN was successfully diffused in the surface of tool steel in the form of white globular precipitates. The best surface hardness produced has a values of 1570 GPa. The diffused layer thickness varies between 50–90 μm and is very dense. It has mechanical interlocking properties suitable against delamination process and wear formation. The superior performances of novel c-BN-D2 tool steel surface composite permits to extend the machine tool life, especially when is applied on the single-point cutting tools.
Few-cycle high-harmonic generation in liquids: in-operando thickness measurement of flat microjets
Authors: Yin Zhong , Luu Tran Trung , Wörner Hans Jakob 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet high-harmonic generation (HHG) from bulk liquids has only recently been demonstrated (T.T. Luu, Z. Yin et al, Nat. Comm. 9, 3724, (2018)). This has opened new prospects for the development of bright high-harmonic sources and the development of liquid-phase high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS). Here, we report on the first observation of HHG in liquids driven by few-cycle (∼7 fs) pulses. We observe the emission of a broad quasi-continuum in the extreme ultraviolet, which is strongly modulated on a photon-energy scale much finer than the central photon energy of the driver. We show that these modulations arise from an etalon effect inside the flat microjet, which we use to perform an in-operando measurement of the flat-jet’s thickness. The possibility to directly characterize flat microjets during HHG will greatly support their optimization for light-source applications and facilitate the development of liquid-phase HHS.
Effect of the core thickness on the flexural behaviour of polymer foam sandwich structures
Authors: Gupta Yash , Paul V Varghese , Jacob Ashish , Mohanty Akash 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of the core thickness of the sandwich composite on its flexural strength was investigated. E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy-based laminates were used as the skin materials whereas a polyurethane foam was used as the core material with varying thickness of 5, 7, and 9 mm. The experimental/theoretical and FEA analysis were carried out. Results indicated that as core thickness increased, the axial face stresses/core shear stresses and total deformation decreased. This improved the composite structural properties. This improvement was accompanied by a minor increase in weight. A good concurrence was observed between theoretical and FEA results. These results allow us to compare and select optimum parameters for aerospace applications.
Philosophical Method: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
What is philosophy and what are philosophers trying to achieve? Philosophical Method: A Very Short Introduction looks at the history of philosophy, including examples from history charting the successes and failures of philosophical thinking. Themes explored in detail include philosophy’s relationship to mathematics and science, common sense and its misinterpretations, the role of debate in the search for truth, and the importance of thought experiments to philosophical arguments. This VSI provides a contemporary look at philosophical methodology, asking if philosophy is always an ‘armchair-based’ discipline or if real-life thought experiments can help us solve philosophical problems.
Deducing
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Detective work is an important tool in philosophy. ‘Deducing’ explains the difference between valid and sound arguments. An argument is valid if its premises are true but is only sound if the conclusion is true. The Greek philosophers identified disjunctive syllogism—the idea that if something is not one thing, it must be another. This relates to another philosophical concept, the ‘law of the excluded middle’. An abduction is a form of logical inference which attempts to find the most likely explanation. Modal logic, an extension of classical logic, is a popular branch of logic for philosophical arguments.
Using the history of philosophy
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Why is history more central to the study of philosophy than of mathematics or science? ‘Using the history of philosophy’ argues for the importance of history for giving students ideas to build on, whereas mathematics and science tend to focus on new ideas. Alan Turing invented his universal computing machines in response to a philosophical question. History gives us evidence of whether ideas were any good, through accounts of contemporary support or opposition, and how they have fared since. The battle of ideas between religious and scientific world views has been fought within philosophy. Has contemporary philosophy absorbed all the significant insights of earlier work?
Conclusion
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Philosophy is a science, interconnected with others and as autonomous as others. The Conclusion looks at the future of philosophy, and whether it will withstand the pressures on it to be something else—pop science, literature, or alternative religion. Humans are naturally curious—we wonder about things and ask questions, whether we are philosophers or not. This curiosity may help philosophy to survive, through an iterative human-led journey of improvement like the trajectory it has taken already. Philosophical methods can be improved, just as other scientific methods can be improved; the only remaining question is how.
Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects Using a Negative-Control Exposure in Time-Series Studies With Applications to Environmental Epidemiology
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Li Hongkai , Sun Xiaoru , Liu Xinhui , Yang Fan , Hou Lei , Liu Lu , Yan Ran , Yu Yifan , Jing Ming , Xue Hao , Cao Wuchun , Wang Qing , Zhong Hua , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The initial aim of environmental epidemiology is to estimate the causal effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes. However, due to lack of enough covariates in most environmental data sets, current methods without enough adjustments for confounders inevitably lead to residual confounding. We propose a negative-control exposure based on a time-series studies (NCE-TS) model to effectively eliminate unobserved confounders using an after-outcome exposure as a negative-control exposure. We show that the causal effect is identifiable and can be estimated by the NCE-TS for continuous and categorical outcomes. Simulation studies indicate unbiased estimation by the NCE-TS model. The potential of NCE-TS is illustrated by 2 challenging applications: We found that living in areas with higher levels of surrounding greenness over 6 months was associated with less risk of stroke-specific mortality, based on the Shandong Ecological Health Cohort during January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. In addition, we found that the widely established negative association between temperature and cancer risks was actually caused by numbers of unobserved confounders, according to the Global Open Database from 2003–2012. The proposed NCE-TS model is implemented in an R package (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) called NCETS, freely available on GitHub.
Position Paper on Critical Care Pharmacy Services (Executive Summary): 2020 Update
Authors: Lat Ishaq , Paciullo Christopher , Daley Mitchell J , MacLaren Robert , Bolesta Scott , McCann Jennifer , Stollings Joanna L , Gross Kendall , Foos Sarah A , Roberts Russel J , Acquisto Nicole M , Taylor Scott , Bentley Michael , Jacobi Judith , Meyer Tricia A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Provide a multiorganizational statement to update the statement from a paper in 2000 about critical care pharmacy practice and make recommendations for future practice.

Design
The Society of Critical Care Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care Practice and Research Network, and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists convened a joint task force of 15 pharmacists representing a broad cross-section of critical care pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration, inclusive of geography, critical care practice setting, and roles. The Task Force chairs reviewed and organized primary literature, outlined topic domains, and prepared the methodology for group review and consensus. A modified Delphi method was used until consensus (&gt;66% agreement) was reached for each practice recommendation. Previous position statement recommendations were reviewed and voted to either retain, revise, or retire. Recommendations were categorized by level of ICU service to be applicable by setting, and grouped into five domains: patient care, quality improvement, research and scholarship, training and education, and professional development.

Main Results
There are 82 recommendation statements: forty-four original recommendations and 38 new recommendation statements. Thirty-four recommendations were made for patient care, primarily relating to critical care pharmacist duties and pharmacy services. In the quality improvement domain, 21 recommendations address the role of the critical care pharmacist in patient and medication safety, clinical quality programs, and analytics. Nine recommendations were made in the domain of research and scholarship. Ten recommendations are in the domain of training and education and eight recommendations regarding professional development.

Conclusions
The statements recommended by this taskforce delineate the activities of a critical care pharmacist and the scope of pharmacy services within the ICU. Effort should be made from all stakeholders to implement the recommendations provided, with continuous effort toward improving the delivery of care for critically ill patients.
In silico tools for accurate HLA and KIR inference from clinical sequencing data empower immunogenetics on individual-patient and population scales
Authors: Chen Jieming , Madireddi Shravan , Nagarkar Deepti , Migdal Maciej , Vander Heiden Jason , Chang Diana , Mukhyala Kiran , Selvaraj Suresh , Kadel Edward E , Brauer Matthew J , Mariathasan Sanjeev , Hunkapiller Julie , Jhunjhunwala Suchit , Albert Matthew L , Hammer Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Immunogenetic variation in humans is important in research, clinical diagnosis and increasingly a target for therapeutic intervention. Two highly polymorphic loci play critical roles, namely the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, which is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that are relevant for responses of natural killer (NK) and some subsets of T cells. Their accurate classification has typically required the use of dedicated biological specimens and a combination of in vitro and in silico efforts. Increased availability of next generation sequencing data has led to the development of ancillary computational solutions. Here, we report an evaluation of recently published algorithms to computationally infer complex immunogenetic variation in the form of HLA alleles and KIR haplotypes from whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data. For both HLA allele and KIR gene typing, we identified tools that yielded &gt;97% overall accuracy for four-digit HLA types, and &gt;99% overall accuracy for KIR gene presence, suggesting the readiness of in silico solutions for use in clinical and high-throughput research settings.
Publishing Environmental Assessment and Management Science: Crossing the Hurdles
Authors: Efroymson Rebecca A , Peterson Mark J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBenefits accrue to scientists, resource managers, companies, and policymakers when environmental scientists publish in peer-reviewed journals. However, environmental scientists and practitioners face challenges, including the sometimes low value placed on journal articles, institutional vested interests in outcomes, and the changing priorities of employers and project sponsors. Confidentiality agreements can also lead scientists to assume publication is not an option. Case studies may be viewed by potential authors as too routine for peer-reviewed journals. On the basis of 30 years of experience, we suggest that publishing hurdles can be overcome and that environmental scientists have a range of options. The topics of manuscripts can include not only results from case studies and perspectives based on them but also byproducts of assessments, including definitions, plans, monitoring methods and models, and decision frameworks. Environmental scientists have unique opportunities to move science forward with their practical knowledge if they can move across the institutional, logistical, data-related, and content-related hurdles.
Against Stultifying Classifications, for a ‘New Humanism’: Frantz Fanon’s Contribution to Social Work’s Commitment to ‘Liberation’
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Efforts to ‘decolonize’ social work, along with the contemporary resurgence of racism and fascism, might prompt a return to the work of Frantz Fanon. Mostly focusing on Black Skin, White Masks and a recent collection, Alienation and Freedom, it is argued that Fanon’s commitment to liberation and the creation of a ‘new humanism’ was reflected in both his anti-colonial politics and in his practice as a psychiatrist. A defining characteristic of Fanon’s professional role is that he tried to imbue it with same values and progressive aspirations central to his political project. It is maintained that Fanon’s aspiration to dismantle obstacles to democracy is reflected in his aspiration to confront oppressive categories pertaining to ‘race’ and also those rooted in the ‘common sense’ of the Psychiatric Hospital. In both contexts, his political and professional contributions convey significant messages for social work and chime with the ethical commitments of the profession to promote the ‘liberation of people’.
Off-label use of reduced dose direct oral factor Xa inhibitors in subjects with atrial fibrillation: a review of clinical evidence
Authors: Bo Mario , Corsini Alberto , Brunetti Enrico , Isaia Gianluca , Gibello Maddalena , Ferri Nicola , Poli Daniela , Marchionni Niccolò , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In real-world clinical practice, underdosing, i.e. off-label use of reduced doses (RDs), of oral factor Xa inhibitors (oFXaIs) is quite common in stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, possibly reflecting the hope to increase safety without reducing efficacy in selected patients. To assess whether this strategy is associated with some clinical benefit, we used a physician-centred approach to evaluate whether current evidence supports the hypothesis that a substantial proportion of underdosing may be voluntary rather than casual, whether and to what extent oFXaIs’ dose rather than patients’ characteristics are associated with bleeding events, and which are the safety and efficacy clinical implications of oFXaIs’ underdosing. Our review found consistent evidence that underdosing is often an intentional strategy; however, available studies do not demonstrate a sizeable net clinical benefit of using off-label RD oFXaIs.
Final 5-year outcomes following aortic valve replacement with a RESILIA™ tissue bioprosthesis
Authors: Bartus Krzysztof , Litwinowicz Radoslaw , Bilewska Agata , Stapor Maciej , Bochenek Maciej , Rozanski Jacek , Sadowski Jerzy , Filip Grzegorz , Kusmierczyk Mariusz , Kapelak Boguslaw 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Long-term durability of bioprosthetic valves is predominantly limited by structural valve deterioration. RESILIA™ tissue has exhibited reduced calcification in pre-clinical and early clinical studies. This study evaluated the 5-year clinical and haemodynamic outcomes of an aortic valve with this tissue.

METHODS
This was a prospective, non-randomized, single-arm study of 133 patients implanted with a RESILIA aortic bioprosthesis between July 2011 and February 2013 at 2 sites in Poland. Clinical outcomes and haemodynamic performance were assessed annually for 5 years post-implant. Safety events were adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee and echocardiographic data were assessed by an independent core laboratory.

RESULTS
Mean patient age was 65.3 ± 13.5 years, with 34 patients (25.6%) ≤60. The mean follow-up was 4.2 ± 1.5 years. Early (≤30 days) and late (&gt;30 days) all-cause mortality were 2.3% (N = 3) and 3.2%/late patients-years (N = 18) respectively. Early events included thromboembolism in 3 patients (2.3%). Late valve-related events included endocarditis in 1 patient, which led to explant, and valve thrombosis in another patient. There were no events of structural valve deterioration throughout the study. At 5 years, mean gradient was 14.8 ± 7.6 mmHg and effective orifice area was 1.4 ± 0.5 cm2, a marked improvement over baseline values. All New York Heart Association class III patients and most class II patients at baseline had improved classifications at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
The bioprosthesis with RESILIA tissue demonstrated a good safety profile with excellent haemodynamic performance over 5 years of follow-up. These encouraging outcomes warrant additional investigation of this novel tissue.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT01651052
Outcomes of tricuspid valve surgery in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Pahwa Siddharth , Saran Nishant , Pochettino Alberto , Schaff Hartzell , Stulak John , Greason Kevin , Daly Richard , Crestanello Juan , King Katherine , Dearani Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESFunctional tricuspid regurgitation (fTR) has been amenable to tricuspid valve repair (TVr), with fewer patients needing tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). We sought to review our experience of tricuspid valve surgery for fTR.METHODSA retrospective analysis of adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent primary tricuspid valve surgery for fTR (n = 926; mean age 68.6 ± 12.5 years; 67% females) from January 1993 through June 2018 was conducted. There were 767 (83%) patients who underwent TVr (ring annuloplasty, 67%; purse-string annuloplasty, 33%) and 159 (17%) underwent TVR (bioprosthetic valves, 87%; mechanical valves, 13%). The median follow-up was 8.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2–8.9 years].RESULTSA greater proportion of patients who underwent TVR had severe right ventricular dysfunction (P &lt; 0.001), severe tricuspid regurgitation (P &lt; 0.001) and congestive heart failure (P = 0.001) while the TVr cohort had a greater proportion with severe mitral valve (MV) regurgitation (P &lt; 0.001) and concomitant cardiac procedures. Early mortality (TVR, 9% vs TVr, 3%; P = 0.004), renal failure (TVR, 10% vs TVr, 5%; P = 0.014) and hospital stay (TVR, 15 ± 15 days vs TVr, 12 ± 11 days; P &lt; 0.001) were greater in TVR patients. The TVR cohort had worse survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; 95% CI 1.23–1.99]. Multivariable analysis identified congestive heart failure (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.10–1.72), renal failure (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.14–2.82), previous MV surgery (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05–1.72) and TVR (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03–1.79) as independent risk factors for late mortality.CONCLUSIONSTricuspid repair for fTR appears to have better early and late outcomes. Since previous MV surgery and TVR are identified as independent risk factors for late mortality, concomitant TVr at the time of index MV surgery may be considered. Early referral before the onset of advanced heart failure may improve outcomes.
A toddler SHIME® model to study microbiota of young children
Authors: Bondue Pauline , Lebrun Sarah , Taminiau Bernard , Everaert Nadia , LaPointe Gisele , Crevecoeur Sebastien , Daube Georges , Delcenserie Veronique 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The ‘first 1000 days of life’ determine the gut microbiota composition and can have long-term health consequences. In this study, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) model, which represents the main functional sections of the digestive tract, was chosen to study the microbiota of young children. The aim of this study was to reproduce the digestive process of toddlers and their specific colonic environment. The ascending, transverse and descending colons of SHIME® model were inoculated with feces from three donors aged between 1 and 2 years-old, in three separate runs. For each run, samples from colon vessels were collected at days 14, 21 and 28 after microbiota stabilization period. Short chain fatty acid concentrations determined by HPLC showed that microbiota obtained in SHIME® model shared characteristics between adults and infants. In addition, microbial diversity and bacterial populations determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were specific to each colon vessel. In conclusion, the SHIME® model developed in this study seemed well adapted to evaluate prebiotic and probiotic impact on the specific microbiota of toddlers, or medicine and endocrine disruptor metabolism. Moreover, this study is the first to highlight some biofilm development in in vitro gastrointestinal modelling systems.