bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspartate β-hydroxylase targeting in castration-resistant prostate cancer modulates the NOTCH/HIF1α/GSK3β crosstalk
Authors: Barboro Paola , Benelli Roberto , Tosetti Francesca , Costa Delfina , Capaia Matteo , Astigiano Simonetta , Venè Roberta , Poggi Alessandro , Ferrari Nicoletta 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable stage of the disease. A multivariate principal component analysis on CRPC in vitro models identified aspartyl (asparaginyl) β hydrolase (ASPH) as the most relevant molecule associated with the CRPC phenotype. ASPH is overexpressed in various malignant neoplasms and catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains of proteins like NOTCH receptors and ligands, enhancing cell motility, invasion and metastatic spread. Bioinformatics analyses of ASPH in prostate cancer (PCa) and CRPC datasets indicate that ASPH gene alterations have prognostic value both in PCa and CRPC patients. In CRPC cells, inhibition of ASPH expression obtained through specific small interfering RNA or culturing cells in hypoxic conditions, reduced cell proliferation, invasion and cyclin D1 expression through modulation of the NOTCH signaling. ASPH and HIF1α crosstalk, within a hydroxylation-regulated signaling pathway, might be transiently driven by the oxidative stress evidenced inside CRPC cells. In addition, increased phosphorylation of GSK3β by ASPH silencing demonstrates that ASPH regulates GSK3β activity inhibiting its interactions with upstream kinases. These findings demonstrate the critical involvement of ASPH in CRPC development and may represent an attractive molecular target for therapy.
Clinician Practice Patterns That Result in the Diagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis Before or During Hospitalization
Authors: Pu Jie , Donovan Fariba M , Ellingson Kate , Leroy Gondy , Stone Jeff , Bedrick Edward , Galgiani John N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is common and important within endemic regions, requiring specific testing for diagnosis. Long delays in diagnosis have been ascribed to ambulatory clinicians. However, how their testing practices have impacted patient care has not been systematically unexplored.

Methods
We analyzed practice patterns for CM diagnoses over 3 years within a large Arizona healthcare system, including diagnosis location, patient characteristics, and care-seeking patterns associated with missed diagnosis.

Results
For 2043 CM diagnoses, 72.9% were made during hospital admission, 21.7% in ambulatory clinics, 3.2% in emergency units, and only 0.5% in urgent care units. A 40.6% subgroup of hospitalized patients required neither intensive care unit or hospital-requiring procedures, had a median length of stay of only 3 days, but still incurred both substantial costs ($27.0 million) and unnecessary antibiotic administrations. Prior to hospital diagnosis (median of 32 days), 45.1% of patients had 1 or more visits with symptoms consistent with CM. During those visits, 71.3% were not tested for CM. Diagnoses were delayed a median of 27 days.

Conclusions
Lack of testing for CM in ambulatory care settings within a region endemic for CM resulted in a large number of hospital admissions, attendant costs, and unneeded antibacterial drug use, much of which would otherwise be unnecessary. Improving this practice is challenging since many clinicians did not train where CM is common, resulting in significant inertia to change. Determining the best way to retrain clinicians to diagnose CM earlier is an opportunity to explore which strategies might be the most effective.
The Rise of Majorities and Emerging Existential Threats to India and China
Authors: Castellino Joshua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
China and India are comparable in size, complexity, and their relatively recent State-building histories. Commencing in 1947 and 1949 respectively, the relatively recent foundations of India and China highlighted a ‘unity in diversity’ message. The significance of this lay as much in ideology as in a pragmatism that was both central and relatively successful in bringing what could be argued as many civilizations into singular modern States. While the messages about diversity have always been contested in some quarters by rival ethno-nationalists, they remained significant in laying the foundations for a strong ‘national’ identity. To the majority populations, Hindu in India and Han in China this called for restraint to any triumphalism or chauvinism; to the minorities, they called for unshakeable loyalty in return for full citizenship rights. In both cases, these messages were backed by constructive affirmative action measures that, irrespective of their efficacy, served to emphasize the ‘unity in diversity’ message, sowing a degree of fealty towards the State over what may have been more prominent and compelling ethno-religious or ethno-linguistic cleavages. In recent years, however, this message has been significantly altered, as political majoritarianism has begun to oust legally or administratively determined minority protections. This article seeks to offer an assessment of the potential impact on this phenomenon on each country, arguing that it has contributed to instability, sowing seeds for the rise of opposing sub-national identities that the founding parents of each State actively sought to counter in their statecraft.
Intestinal fermentation in vitro models to study food-induced gut microbiota shift: an updated review
Authors: Nissen Lorenzo , Casciano Flavia , Gianotti Andrea 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
In vitro gut fermentation models were firstly introduced in nutrition and applied microbiology research back in the 1990s. These models have improved greatly during time, mainly over the resemblance to the complexity of digestion stages, the replication of experimental conditions, the multitude of ecological parameters to assay. The state of the science is that the most competitive models shall include a complex gut microbiota, small working volumes, distinct interconnected compartments and rigorous bio-chemical and ecological settings, controlled by a computer, as well as a free-hands accessibility, not to contaminate the mock microbiota. These models are a useful tool to study the impact of a given diet compound, e.g. prebiotics, on the human gut microbiota. The principal application is to focus on the shift of the core microbial groups and selected species together with their metabolites, assaying their diversity, richness and abundance in the community over time. Besides, it is possible to study how a compound is digested, which metabolic pathways are triggered, and the type and quantity of microbial metabolites produced. Further prospective should focus on challenges with pathogens as well as on ecology of gut syndromes. In this minireview an updated presentation of the most used intestinal models is presented, basing on their concept, technical features, as well as on research applications.
Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone Response to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Frailty in Older Women
Authors: Le Nina P , Varadhan Ravi , Fried Linda P , Cappola Anne R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is poorly characterized in old-old adults and may provide insight into the physiologic response to stress.

Method
We performed a standard 250 µg ACTH stimulation test in a home-based substudy of 51 women aged 85–96 years enrolled in the Women’s Health and Aging Study II who were not taking corticosteroids. We examined the cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) responses at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, overall and by frailty status.

Results
The peak cortisol response to ACTH could not be determined, with the highest levels at the 120-minute time point. Pre- and post-ACTH stimulated cortisol levels did not differ by frailty status over this time frame, with no difference in the characteristics of the dose-response curves. Pre- and post-ACTH stimulated DHEA levels also did not differ by frailty status, though the dose-response curves suggested divergence after stimulation, with a more rapid DHEA response with increasing frailty.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate a robust cortisol response to ACTH challenge testing, but inadequate negative feedback in old-old women, resulting in prolonged exposure to cortisol. Future studies should examine dynamic cortisol and DHEA responses in this age group, using a less potent ACTH stimulus and longer collection period.
Community standards for open cell migration data
Authors: Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N , Masuzzo Paola , Ampe Christophe , Bakker Gert-Jan , Besson Sébastien , Eibl Robert H , Friedl Peter , Gunzer Matthias , Kittisopikul Mark , Dévédec Sylvia E Le , Leo Simone , Moore Josh , Paran Yael , Prilusky Jaime , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Roudot Philippe , Schuster Marc , Sergeant Gwendolien , Strömblad Staffan , Swedlow Jason R , van Erp Merijn , Van Troys Marleen , Zaritsky Assaf , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Martens Lennart 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cell migration research has become a high-content field. However, the quantitative information encapsulated in these complex and high-dimensional datasets is not fully exploited owing to the diversity of experimental protocols and non-standardized output formats. In addition, typically the datasets are not open for reuse. Making the data open and Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) will enable meta-analysis, data integration, and data mining. Standardized data formats and controlled vocabularies are essential for building a suitable infrastructure for that purpose but are not available in the cell migration domain. We here present standardization efforts by the Cell Migration Standardisation Organisation (CMSO), an open community-driven organization to facilitate the development of standards for cell migration data. This work will foster the development of improved algorithms and tools and enable secondary analysis of public datasets, ultimately unlocking new knowledge of the complex biological process of cell migration.
Beyond Visible Entanglements: Connected Histories of the International
Authors: Capan Zeynep Gulsah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow to write non-Eurocentric histories has long been a concern in the humanities and the social sciences. Attempts at writing non-Eurocentric histories of the international have been trapped in an absence/presence dichotomy and made making present what was absented from the story of the international their main focal point. The article aims to contribute to these discussions through pointing to the limitations of existing approaches that focus on revealing entanglements and offering an alternative framework for writing “connected histories of the international.” The article will proceed in four sections. The first section will provide a definition of Eurocentrism and elaborate on the way in which writing “connected histories” was offered as a solution. The second section will discuss how Eurocentric narratives have been critiqued within history and International Relations through “entangled narratives.” The third section will introduce the notion of “abyssal lines” and underline how the focus on entanglements has impoverished our understanding of Eurocentrism and the solutions on offer. The final section will illustrate the alternative framework being proposed for writing connected histories of the international (co-present and coeval narratives) that underlines the locations and times of progress and change through a discussion of the Haitian Revolution.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonizing patients on hospital admission in Germany: prevalence and molecular epidemiology
Authors: Xanthopoulou Kyriaki , Peter Silke , Tobys David , Behnke Michael , Dinkelacker Ariane G , Eisenbeis Simone , Falgenhauer Jane , Falgenhauer Linda , Fritzenwanker Moritz , Gölz Hannah , Häcker Georg , Higgins Paul G , Imirzalioglu Can , Käding Nadja , Kern Winfried V , Kramme Evelyn , Kola Axel , Mischnik Alexander , Rieg Siegbert , Rohde Anna M , Rupp Jan , Tacconelli Evelina , Vehreschild Maria J G T , Walker Sarah V , Gastmeier Petra , Seifert Harald ,   the DZIF R-Net Study Group, Bader B , Foschi Federico , Gillis Meyke , Hennelly Catriona , Hoffmann Nadine , Hölzl Florian , Lengler Azita , Lenke Dana , Diaz Luis Alberto Peña , Peyerl-Hoffmann Gabriele , Pilarski Georg , Proske Susanna , Schmiedel Judith , Spitznagel Heike , Stelzer Yvonne , Thoma Norbert , Trauth Janina , Vavra Martina , Weber Anna , Wille Julia , Bader B , Foschi Federico , Gillis Meyke , Hennelly Catriona , Hoffmann Nadine , Hölzl Florian , Lengler Azita , Lenke Dana , Diaz Luis Alberto Peña , Peyerl-Hoffmann Gabriele , Pilarski Georg , Proske Susanna , Schmiedel Judith , Spitznagel Heike , Stelzer Yvonne , Thoma Norbert , Trauth Janina , Vavra Martina , Weber Anna , Wille Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the rectal carriage rate and the molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) recovered from patients upon hospital admission.MethodsAdult patients were screened at six German university hospitals from five different federal states upon hospital admission for rectal colonization with VREfm between 2014 and 2018. Molecular characterization of VREfm was performed by WGS followed by MLST and core-genome MLST analysis.ResultsOf 16350 patients recruited, 263 were colonized with VREfm, with increasing prevalence rates during the 5 year study period (from 0.8% to 2.6%). In total, 78.5% of the VREfm were vanB positive and 20.2% vanA positive, while 1.2% harboured both vanA and vanB. The predominant ST was ST117 (56.7%) followed by ST80 (15%), ST203 (10.9%), ST78 (5.7%) and ST17 (3.2%). ST117/vanB VREfm isolates formed a large cluster of 96 closely related isolates extending across all six study centres and four smaller clusters comprising 13, 5, 4 and 3 isolates each. In contrast, among the other STs inter-regional clonal relatedness was rarely observed.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the largest admission prevalence and molecular epidemiology study of VREfm. These data provide insight into the epidemiology of VREfm at six German university hospitals and demonstrate the remarkable inter-regional clonal expansion of the ST117/vanB VREfm clone.
Ectoparasites ofDidelphis virginianaFrom Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Canto-Osorio Juan Miguel , Cuxim-Koyoc Alan , Ruiz-Piña Hugo A , Morales-Malacara Juan B , Reyes-Novelo Enrique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA faunal study is presented to determine the species of ectoparasites found in the opossum Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). For this, Tomahawk traps were placed in the peridomiciles of a rural town in Yucatán, to capture individuals of this marsupial and proceed to the collection of their ectoparasites. A total of 3,023 arthropods were collected from 145 opossums. The most frequent ectoparasites were the acarines Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) nr. talaje (64.8%) (Argasidae); Ornithonyssus wernecki Fonseca (53.8%) (Macronyssidae) and Didelphilicus serrifer Fain (25.5%) (Atopomelidae); the ticks Amblyomma parvum Aragão (8.3%) and A. mixtum Koch (10.3%) (Ixodidae); and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (20.7%) and Pulex simulans Baker (8.3%) (Pulicidae). It is concluded that the ectoparasite fauna of this marsupial is mainly composed of euryxenous organisms, which have been documented as vectors of diseases caused by rickettsial bacteria. Since D. virginiana is widely adapted to the peridomiciliary environment in the region, this study allows recognizing those that represent a potential risk for the transmission of vector-borne zoonotic diseases.
Chronic Peroneal Tendon Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Shazadeh Safavi Kiya , Ratnasingam Saruthija , Janney Cory F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a unique case of chronic peroneal tendon dislocation in a 47-year-old active duty military member with a 2-mo history of acute onset lateral ankle pain due to sports injury. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed superficial peroneal retinaculum (SPR) disruption, a flattened retrofibular groove, dislocation of the peroneus longus tendon, and a tear of the peroneus brevis tendon. The patient was managed operatively with fibular groove deepening, SPR reconstruction, peroneus brevis debridement, and peroneus longus tubulurization. No complications were observed during the intra- or perioperative periods. At their 3-mo follow-up, the patient reported near complete resolution of pain and the ability to ambulate without any brace or support. He returned to running and was able to deploy fit for full duty 4.5 mo from injury.
A hint on the metal-free star formation rate density from 21-cm-EDGES data
Authors: Chatterjee Atrideb , Dayal Pratika , Choudhury Tirthankar Roy , Schneider Raffaella 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We aim to provide here the first data-constrained estimate of the metal-free (Population III; Pop III) star formation rate density $\dot{\rho }_{*}^{III}$ required at high redshifts ($z \lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,$}16$) in order to reproduce both the amplitude and the redshift of the EDGES 21-cm global signal. Our model accounts for the Ly α, radio, and X-ray backgrounds from both Pop III and metal-enriched Population II (Pop II) stars. For the latter, we use the star formation rate density estimates (and the Ly α background) from the Delphi semi-analytic model that has been shown to reproduce all key observables for galaxies at $z \lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,$}5$; the radio and X-ray backgrounds are fixed using low-z values. The constraints on the free parameters characterizing the properties of the Pop III stars are obtained using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis. Our results yield a $\dot{\rho }_{*}^{III}$ that while increasing from z ∼ 21 to 16 thereafter shows a sharp decline which is in excellent agreement with the results found by Valiante et al. to simulate the growth of z ∼ 6–7 quasars and their host galaxies, suggesting that the bulk of Pop III star formation occurs in the rarest and most massive metal-poor haloes at z ≲ 20. This allows Pop III stars to produce a rapidly growing Ly α background between z ∼ 21 and 15. Further, Pop III stars are required to provide a radio background that is about 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that provided by Pop II stars although Pop II stars dominate the X-ray background.
Can narrow discs in the inner Solar system explain the four terrestrial planets?
Authors: Lykawka Patryk Sofia 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
A successful Solar system model must reproduce the four terrestrial planets. Here, we focus on (1) the likelihood of forming Mercury and the four terrestrial planets in the same system (a 4-P system); (2) the orbital properties and masses of each terrestrial planet; and (3) the timing of Earth’s last giant impact and the mass accreted by our planet thereafter. Addressing these constraints, we performed 450 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation based on narrow protoplanetary discs with mass confined to 0.7–1.0 au. We identified 164 analogue systems, but only 24 systems contained Mercury analogues, and eight systems were 4-P ones. We found that narrow discs containing a small number of embryos with individual masses comparable to that of Mars and the giant planets on their current orbits yielded the best prospects for satisfying those constraints. However, serious shortcomings remain. The formation of Mercury analogues and 4-P systems was too inefficient (5 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively), and most Venus-to-Earth analogue mass ratios were incorrect. Mercury and Venus analogues also formed too close to each other (∼0.15–0.21 au) compared to reality (0.34 au). Similarly, the mutual distances between the Venus and Earth analogues were greater than those observed (0.34 versus 0.28 au). Furthermore, the Venus–Earth pair was not reproduced in orbital-mass space statistically. Overall, our results suggest serious problems with using narrow discs to explain the inner Solar system. In particular, the formation of Mercury remains an outstanding problem for terrestrial planet formation models.
SO003LIFE-LONG NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME-MEDIATED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATES WITH CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY: A GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDY OF &gt;500,000 INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Schunk Stefan , Kleber Marcus E , Maerz Winfried , Zewinger Stephen , Isabella Jaumann , Schmit David , Fliser Danilo , Ulrich Laufs , Speer Thimoteus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of the strongest cardiovascular risk factors. Recently, we have shown that activation of the NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates progression of kidney injury and CKD-associated vascular disease (Zewinger et al. Nat Immunol 2013). Components of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can therapeutically be targeted. Associations of genetically determined life-long inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation with CVD and mortality in humans are unknown.

Method
We explored the association of genetic NLRP3 variants with prevalent CVD and cardiovascular mortality in 3,061 patients enrolled in the LURIC study undergoing coronary angiography in a gene-centric approach. Functional relevance of the rs10754555 NLRP3 variant was studied in freshly isolated human monocytes. Findings were validated in 39,755 participants from eight independent studies (CV risk populations) as well as in 483,258 participants of the UKBiobank study (general population).

Results
Genetic analyses identified the highly prevalent (MAF 39.9%) intronic NLRP3 variant rs10754555 to affect NLRP3 gene expression. rs10754555 carriers showed significantly higher C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A plasma levels. Expression of NLRP3 mRNA and inflammasome-dependent effector responses of isolated human monocytes from rs10754555 carriers were significantly higher as compared to non-carriers. In homozygous rs10754555 carriers, the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) was significantly higher as compared to non-carriers with a significant interaction between rs10754555 and age in LURIC and in UKBiobank. Importantly, in LURIC and in UKBiobank, homozygous rs10754555 carriers had significantly higher risk for cardiovascular mortality during follow-up (HR 1.37, 95%-CI 1.08-1.74 and HR 1.13, 95%-CI 1.02-1.25, respectively). Consistently, rs10754555 was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.11, 95%-CI 1.05-1.16; P&lt;0.001) in an additive model in patients with prevalent CAD.

Conclusion
The NLRP3 intronic variant rs10754555 is associated with increased systemic inflammation, inflammasome activation, prevalent CAD and mortality. This study provides evidence for a substantial role of life-long, genetically-driven systemic inflammation in cardiovascular disease and highlights the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target in the general population and particular in patients with CKD.