bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Analysis of WWER-1000 Core Macroscopic Cross Sections due to Spectral Effects
Authors: Kukhotska О. , Ovdiienko I. , Ieremenko M. 
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of uncertainty analysis of WWER‑1000 core macroscopic cross sections due to spectral effects during WWER‑1000 fuel burnup and the analysis of cross section sensitivity from thermophysical parameters of the calculated cell, which affect energy spectrum of neutron flux density.
The calculation of changes in the isotopic composition during burnup and the preparation of macroscopic cross sections used the developed HELIOS computer model [1] for TVSA, which is currently operated at most Ukrainian WWER‑1000 units.
The GRS approach applying Software for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses (SUSA) [2] was chosen to assess the uncertainty of the macroscopic cross sections due to spectral effects and analysis of cross section sensitivity from thermophysical parameters. The spectral effect on macroscopic cross sections was taken into account by calculating the fuel burnup for variational sets of thermophysical parameters (fuel temperature, coolant temperature and density, boric acid concentration) prepared in advance by the SUSA program, as a result of which fuel isotopic composition vectors were obtained. After that, neutronic constants for the reference state were developed for each of the sets of isotopic composition, which corresponded to a certain set of thermophysical parameters.
At the next stage, the uncertainty of macroscopic cross sections of the interaction due to the spectral effects on the isotopic composition of the fuel was analyzed using SUSA 4, followed by the analysis of cross section sensitivity from thermophysical parameters of the calculated cell affecting energy spectrum of neutron flux density. In the future, the uncertainty of two-group macroscopic diffusion constants can be used to estimate the overall uncertainty of neutronic characteristics in large-grid core calculations, in particular, in the safety analysis.
Influence of Tightening Torque of Emergency Cooling Heat Exchanger Flange Studs on Strength
Authors: Koroliov O. , Iniushev V. , Pyrohov T. , Posokh V. , Koliadiuk A. 
Published: December 2020

Previous efforts on assessing static strength of the flange joint components of the emergency cooling heat exchanger 08.8111.335 SB (ECHE) performed using the finite element method (FEM) revealed that there is an excess of permissible stress values for flange joint components of heat exchanger Dn2130 and Dn2080. These static strength calculations considered the design values for tightening of flange studs.
Failure to meet the strength conditions flange joint components is due to the fact that the effect of «protrusion» under pressure of the bottom and shell attached to the flanges, as well as depending on the tightening force of the studs, the system of equilibrium applied force changes. This, in turn, leads to deformation of flange joint components.
The paper presents an approach to reducing stress in flange joint components of ECHE first used at ZNPP-4. As a result of additional iterative calculations, the boundary conditions under which the strength conditions in all flange joint components of the heat exchanger are met are determined. In addition, the compliance with tightness condition for flange connections is considered.
Thus, the analysis of the calculations established that when the tightening value of flange connection Dn2080 studs equal to 6800 kgf (corresponding to the torque on the key of 65 kg ∙m), the strength conditions for all groups of reduced stresses in all elements of the flange unite. In addition, at this value of stud tightening, the tightness of the flange connection Dn2080 is maintained.
Analysis of similar iterative calculations of flange connection Dn2130 shows that for this flange connection it is recommended to reduce the tightening of the flange connection studs to the value of 14600 kgf, which is equal to the torque on the key of 145 kg ∙ m.
Computer Security of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems: Computer Security Assessment
Authors: Klevtsov O. , Symonov A. , Trubchaninov S. 
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the issues of computer security assessment of instrumentation and control systems (I&C systems) of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The authors specified the main areas of assessing the computer security of NPP I&C systems, especially the assessment of cyber threats, vulnerabilities of I&C computer security, sufficiency of applied measures for ensuring I&C systems computer security, risks of I&C system computer security as well as periodic reassessment of I&C computer security. The paper considers the assessment of I&C computer security vulnerabilities, sufficiency of applied measures for ensuring I&C computer security (assessment of cyber threats and the risks of I&C computer security are discussed in detail in other publications from the series “Computer Security of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems”).
Approaches to assessing the computer security vulnerabilities of I&C systems and software at each stage of I&C life cycle are considered. The recommendations for assessing vulnerabilities regarding technical and software protection against unauthorized access or connection to I&C, protection of local networks, implementation of organizational measures and procedures for computer security are provided.
The paper describes the scope and procedures for the initial assessment and periodic reassessment of NPP I&C computer security. Recommendations for the formation of an appropriate evaluation team are provided. Methods of assessing I&C computer security are considered, namely: analysis of documents (computer security policy, program, plan, reports, etc.), survey of staff (administrative, operational, service and computer security experts), direct review of I&C systems, their components and local networks. The evaluation stages (collection of information, detailed analysis, reporting) and the scope of work at each stage are described.
General information about the possibility and necessity of assessing the computer security risks of I&C systems in the case of using risk-informed approaches is provided.
The need to document the results of the assessment is noted separately and specific proposals about the procedure for developing relevant reports are made.
Utricularia rosettifolia Alfasane & Hassan sp. nov. (Lentibulariaceae) - A new species from Bangladesh
Authors: Alfasane Md Almujaddade , Hassan Md Abul , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

A new species, Utricularia rosettifolia Alfasane & Hassan (Lentibulariaceae), is described with illustration. Detailed taxonomic description including information on type specimens, flowering and fruiting time, ecology, and distribution in Bangladesh are provided. The diagnostic characters of this species and comparison with its closest one are also provided.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 205-211, 2020 (December)
New records of three species and a variety of Angiosperms for Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Gazi Mosharof , Khan Saleh Ahammad , Rahman Mohammad Sayedur , Rahim Md Abdur 
Published: December 2020

During the floristic explorations in Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh, conducted in 2016-2019, the authors collect some specimens of Angiosperms that are finally identified as Cleisostoma simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf. of Orchidaceae and Volkameria heterophylla Vent. of Lamiaceae. Specimens of C. simondii are further identified as C. simondii var. guandongense Z.H. Tsi. The authors collect some specimens of another angiospermic plant in 2019 from Gazipur district of Bangladesh and confirm their identification as Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br. of family Lamiaceae. All of these taxa are recorded here for the first time from Bangladesh. Detailed taxonomic description with notes on ecology, uses, distribution and distinctness from morphologically similar taxa, photographs and illustration are provided.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 251-260, 2020 (December)
The importance in DNA barcoding of the regions which is covering rRNA genes and its sequences in the genus Quercus L.
Authors: Aykut Yilmaz 
Published: December 2020

Turkey with 18 oak (Quercus) species is one of the richest country according to species number and diversity. The most important reason of the species diversity in Turkey is its location and geomorphological structure which increase climatic effects and seperate Turkey into different phytogeographic regions. Furthermore, hybridization behaviours which frequently observed between oak species, genetic drift, gene flow and ecological factors cause morphological variations in the plants species. All of these factors make it difficult to define the species concept for plant groups like oaks. Therefore, the region covering 18S rRNA gene/ ITS1/ 5.8S rRNA gene/ ITS2/ 25S rRNA gene and secondly intergenic spacer (IGS)/ 5S rRNA gene for barcoding were obtained from genbank and used as a useful tool for the determination and solution of the phylogenetic relations of taxonomically problematic species, also these barcoding regions were compared with each other according to species recognition ability for oak species. As a result, it can be stated that both barcoding regions have high variable sites based on sequence information to identify the species and evaluate relationships of species studied.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 261-271, 2020 (December)
New records of seaweeds from southeastern coasts of Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Alfasane Md Almujaddade 
Published: December 2020

Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia 1988 from sand-flat at Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Ulva linza Lin. from west coast of Naf R. at Noapara, Teknaf and Fishary Ghat in River Bakkhali, at Cox’s Bazar, and Caulerpa fergusonii Murray from St. Martin’s Island (SMI), have been newly recorded and illustrated from Bangladesh. C. chemnitzschi (Esper) Weber-van Bosse var. irregulare Aziz & Alfasane var. nov. and C. sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) M. Howe var. robusta Aziz & Alfasane var. nov. from SMI, Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh are new to science. Total number of marine algal taxa so far recorded from Bangladesh coasts is now 210.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 335-343, 2020 (December)
Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Ruang Perinatologi RSUD Drajat Prawiranegara
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Sasmita Hanum 
Published: December 2020

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian perinatal adalah Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Angka BBLR di Provinsi Banten yaitu 9,7-10% dan menduduki peringkat ke-15 di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia kehamilan, paritas dan preeklampsia dengan kejadian BBLR di ruang perinatologi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Drajat Prawiranegara. Desain penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Jumlah sampel kasus sebanyak 26 bayi dan kontrol (1:1) sebanyan 26 bayi sehingga total sampel sebanyak 52 bayi. Hasil penelitian yaitu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia kehamilan (p=0,060), paritas (p=0,038), dan preeklampsia (P=0,007) dengan kejadian BBLR. Faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian BBLR adalah preeklampsi dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR) variabel preeklampsia adalah 8,6, artinya preeklampsia memiliki peluang hampir 9 kali lebih besar menyebabkan bayi mengalami BBLR dibandingkan dengan tidak preeklampsia. Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan dan RSUD Drajat Prawiranegara dapat memberikan penanganan dan tindakan yang tepat untuk mengatasi komplikasi dan penyulit yang berhubungan dengan berat bayi lahir rendah.
Reaction Kinetics of One-Pot Xylan Conversion to Xylitol via Precious Metal Catalyst
Authors: Hilpmann Gerd , Kurzhals Pascal , Reuter Tom , Ayubi Mick Miro 
Published: December 2020

The hydrolytic hydrogenation of xylan to xylitol by a one-pot process was studied in detail in a batch reactor. The reaction was catalyzed by a combination of diluted sulfuric acid and precious metal Ru on carbon powder. Process parameters were varied between 120–150°C, while maintaining constant hydrogen pressure at 20 bar and an acid concentration equivalent to pH 2. The xylan solution consisted of 1 wt% beechwood powder (Carl Roth, &gt;90%) in deionized water. Sulfuric acid was added to the solution until pH two was reached, then the 0.3 wt% catalyst powder (5% Ru on Act. C) was added and the solution was put into the batch reactor. The first approach of kinetic modeling began with conventional first-order kinetics and compared this to a more complex model based on Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics. The xylan and xylitol data reached a good fit. However, the modeling results also showed that the rate-limiting step of xylose-formation was still not represented in a satisfactory manner. Therefore, the model was adapted and developed further. The advanced model finally showed a good fit with the intermediate product xylose and the target product xylitol. The overall modeling methods and results are presented and discussed.
Moderate Iodine Deficiency Is Common in Pregnancy but Does Not Alter Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function Tests
Authors: Schiller Tal , Agmon Arnon , Ostrovsky Viviana , Shefer Gabi , Knobler Hilla , Zornitzki Taiba 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAn Israeli national survey found that 85% of pregnant women had urinary iodine content (UIC) levels below the adequacy range (&lt;150 µg/L). Widespread desalinated water usage and no national fortification plan are possible causes. Studies assessing relationships between iodine status and maternal and neonatal thyroid function provided varying results. Our aims were to determine whether iodine deficiency was associated with altered maternal or neonatal thyroid function and the factors leading to iodine deficiency.MethodsA cross-sectional study including 100 healthy women without prior thyroid disease, in their first trimester of a singleton pregnancy were recruited from an HMO clinic in central Israel. The women were followed from their first trimester. All women completed a 24-h dietary recall and life habits questionnaires. We tested for UIC, maternal and neonatal thyroid function, maternal autoantibodies, and neonatal outcomes.ResultsMedian UIC in our cohort was 49 µg/L [25%–75% interquartile range (IQR) 16-91.5 µg/L], with 84% below adequacy range. No correlation was found between iodine deficiency and maternal or neonatal thyroid function which remained within normal ranges. Antibody status did not differ, but thyroglobulin levels were significantly higher in iodine insufficient subjects. UIC was higher in women consuming an iodine containing supplement. There was no association between UIC and dietary iodine content or water source.ConclusionsModerate iodine deficiency is common in our healthy pregnant women population. Our data imply that moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy seem sufficient to maintain normal maternal and neonatal thyroid function.
Commonalities and Differences in NREM Parasomnias and Sleep-Related Epilepsy: Is There a Continuum Between the Two Conditions?
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Bernabè Giorgia , Barozzi Noemi , Ciliento Rosario , Trippi Irene , Pedrazzi Giuseppe , Azzi Nicoletta , Parrino Liborio 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Differential diagnosis between disorders of arousal (DoA) and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) often represents a clinical challenge. The two conditions may be indistinguishable from a semiological point of view and the scalp video-polysomnography is often uninformative. Both disorders are associated with variable hypermotor manifestations ranging from major events to fragments of a hierarchical continuum of increasing intensity, complexity, and duration. Given their semiological overlap we decided to explore the sleep texture of DoA and SHE seeking for similarities and differences.Methods: We analyzed sleep macrostructure and CAP (cyclic alternating pattern) parameters in a cohort of 35 adult DoA patients, 40 SHE patients and 24 healthy sleepers, all recorded and scored in the same sleep laboratory. Nocturnal behavioral manifestations included minor motor events, paroxysmal arousals and major attacks in SHE, and simple, rising, or complex arousal movements in DoA.Results: Compared to healthy controls, DoA and SHE showed similar amounts of sleep efficiency, light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep, CAP subtypes. Both groups also showed slow wave sleep fragmentation and an increased representation of stage N3 in the second part of the night. The only discriminating elements between the two conditions regarded sleep length (more reduced in DoA) and sleep instability (more elevated in SHE). In DoA recordings, all motor episodes arose from NREM sleep: 37% during light NREM stages and 63% during stage N3 (simple arousal movements: 94%). In SHE recordings, 57% of major attacks occurred during stage N3.Conclusions: So far, emphasis has been placed on the differentiation of sleep-related epilepsy and NREM arousal disorders. However, the impressive analogies between DoA and SHE suggest the existence of an underestimated continuum across the conditions, linked by increased levels of sleep instability, higher amounts of slow wave sleep and NREM/REM sleep imbalance. Sleep texture is extremely similar in the two conditions, although CAP metrics disclose quantitative differences. In particular, SHE patients show a higher arousal instability compared to DoA subjects. Given their clinical and epidemiological overlap, a common genetic background is also hypothesized. In such a perspective, we suggest that the consolidated dichotomy DoA vs. SHE should be reappraised.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Motor Function in Children 8–12 Years With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grohs Melody N. , Craig Brandon T. , Kirton Adam , Dewey Deborah 
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental motor disorder occurring in 5-6% of school-aged children. It is suggested that children with DCD show deficits in motor learning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances motor learning in adults and children but is unstudied in DCD. We aimed to investigate if tDCS, paired with motor skill training, facilitates motor learning in a pediatric sample with DCD.Methods: Twenty-eight children with diagnosed DCD (22 males, mean age: 10.62 ± 1.44 years) were randomized and placed into a treatment or sham group. Anodal tDCS was applied (1 mA, 20 min) in conjunction with fine manual training over 5 consecutive days. Children's motor functioning was assessed with the Purdue Pegboard Test and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test at baseline, post-intervention and 6 weeks following intervention. Group differences in rates of motor learning and skill transfer/retention were examined using linear mixed modeling and repeated measures ANOVAs, respectively.Results: There were no serious adverse events or drop-outs and procedures were well-tolerated. Independent of group, all participants demonstrated improved motor scores over the 5 training days [F(69.280), p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI (0.152, 0.376)], with no skill decay observed at retention. There was no interaction between intervention group and day [F(2.998), p = 0.086, 95% CI (−0.020, 0.297)].Conclusion: Children with DCD demonstrate motor learning with long-term retention of acquired skill. Motor cortex tDCS did not enhance motor learning as seen in other populations. Before conclusions of tDCS efficacy can be drawn, additional carefully designed trials with reproducible results are required.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03453983
SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Heat Shock Protein A5 (GRP78) Recognition may be Related to the Immersed Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Elfiky Abdo A. 
Published: December 2020

The human coronavirus (HCoV), SARS-CoV-2, caused more than 34 M confirmed infections from which more than 1 M deaths are reported until now (the WHO situation report-154). The current pandemic causes severe socio-economic burden. Due to the importance of understanding of the mode of recognition and viral entry, spike protein shed drug designers as the first look protein target with the first released solved structure on 26 February 2020 (PDB ID: 6VSB). It is proposed that the recognition site for GRP78 is found in SARS-CoV-2 and the immersed human coronaviruses but experimental validation is still required.
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Nurses in China: A Nationwide Survey During the Outbreak
Authors: Liu Yan , Long Youlin , Cheng Yifan , Guo Qiong , Yang Liu , Lin Yifei , Cao Yu , Ye Lei , Jiang Yan , Li Ka , Tian Kun , A Xiaoming , Sun Cheng , Zhang Fang , Song Xiaoxia , Liao Ga , Huang Jin , Du Liang 
Published: December 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health issue and challenge to health professionals. In similar epidemics, nurses experienced more distress than other providers.Methods: We surveyed both on-duty nurses caring for infected patients and second-line nurses caring for uninfected patients from Hubei and other provinces throughout China.Results: We received completed surveys from 1,364 nurses from 22 provinces: 658 front-line and 706 second-line nurses. The median (IQR) GHQ-28 score of all nurses was 17 (IQR 11–24). The overall incidence of mild-to-moderate distress (GHQ score &gt; 5) was 28%; that for severe distress (GHQ score &gt; 11) was 6%. The incidence of mild-to-moderate distress in the second-line nurses was higher than that in the front-line nurses (31 vs. 25%; OR, 0.74; 95 CI, 0.58–0.94). Living alone (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.86) and feeling supported (OR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.74–0.90) independently predicted lower anxiety.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological problems of all nurses were generally serious. The interviewed second-line nurses face more serious issues than the front-line nurses.
A justiça restaurativa como complemento do sistema de justiça e sua aplicabilidade no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Campos Iara Klock 
Published: December 2020

A sociedade e as relações humanas estão em constante modificação. Dessas mudanças, surgem novos valores, nascendo, para o ordenamento jurídico, a obrigatoriedade de se adequar. Com efeito, a forma como a ideia de Justiça é compreendida por determinado meio social influencia diretamente a construção das normas jurídicas que irão reger esta sociedade. Assim, observa-se que os atuais Sistemas de Justiça precisam ser complementados a fim de abarcar os anseios da sociedade contemporânea, de modo a satisfazer as necessidades das partes envolvidas em um conflito e, efetivamente, contribuir para a pacificação. Nessa reflexão, surge, no cenário mundial, a Justiça Restaurativa como complemento da sistemática vigente. Verifica-se, pois, que os métodos restaurativos já fazem parte do Sistema de Justiça de muitos países, estando, no Brasil, em fase de implementação e de expansão.