bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambiguity and Awareness: A Coherent Multiple Priors Model
Authors: Grant Simon , Guerdjikova Ani , Quiggin John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ambiguity in the ordinary language sense means that available information is open to multiple interpretations. We model this by assuming that individuals are unaware of some possibilities relevant to the outcome of their decisions and that multiple probabilities may arise over an individual’s subjective state space depending on which of these possibilities are realized. We formalize a notion of coherent multiple priors and derive a representation result that with full awareness corresponds to the usual unique (Bayesian) prior but with less than full awareness generates multiple priors. When information is received with no change in awareness, each element of the set of priors is updated in the standard Bayesian fashion (that is, full Bayesian updating). An increase in awareness, however, leads to an expansion of the individual’s subjective state and (in general) a contraction in the set of priors under consideration.
Exploring the role of macroalgal traits on the feeding behaviour of a generalist herbivore in Malaysian waters
Authors: Yin Lim Wai , Eem Lim Phaik , Amri Affendi Yang , Looi Song Sze , Cheng Acga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the potential adverse effects of climate change, it is essential to enhance the understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics, which can be driven by the co-evolutionary interaction between autotrophs and herbivores. This study looked into the autotroph-herbivore interactions in Malaysian waters, mainly to determine if autotroph nutritional quality significantly influences herbivore consumption rates. We documented the relative consumption rate of a generalist herbivore (Chanos chanos Forsskål) obtained from the Straits of Malacca through multiple feeding trials using 12 macroalgal species collected from different coastal areas of the Straits of Malacca, the Straits of Johor, and the South China Sea. The herbivore fed selectively on the tested macroalgal species, with the most and least consumed species having the lowest and highest total nitrogen content, respectively. Besides total nitrogen content, the least consumed species also had the highest total phenolic content. Interestingly, we observed that the herbivore generally preferred to consume filamentous macroalgae, especially those collected from the South China Sea. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the feeding behaviour of a generalist herbivore could be influenced by the nutritional quality of the autotrophs, which may depend directly or indirectly on other factors such as autotroph morphology and geography.
A connectionist approach to analogy. On the modal meaning of periphrastic do in Early Modern English
Authors: Budts Sara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper innovatively charts the analogical influence of the modal auxiliaries on the regulation of periphrasticdoin Early Modern English by means of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a flavour of connectionist models known for their applications in computer vision. CNNs can be harnessed to model the choice between competitors in a linguistic alternation by extracting not only the contexts a construction occurs in, but also the contexts it could have occurred in, but did not. Bearing on the idea that two forms are perceived as similar if they occur in similar contexts, the models provide us with pointers towards potential loci of analogical attraction that would be hard to retrieve otherwise. Our analysis reveals clear functional overlap betweendoand all modals, indicating not only that analogical pressure was highly likely, but even that affirmative declarativedofunctioned as a modal auxiliary itself throughout the late 16th century.
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Performance in New Ventures: Examining the Roles of Strategic Flexibility and Environmental Turbulence
Authors: Yu Yunjiang , Zhang Xiang , Huang Shenglan , Chen Zhi , Chen Zhicheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study seeks to disclose the influencing mechanism of entrepreneurial leadership on innovation performance in new ventures. Drawing on the upper echelons theory, we construct a mediation model to examine the mechanism through which entrepreneurial leadership affects innovation performance of new ventures via strategic flexibility. To obtain an in-depth understanding of the mediating mechanism, this study argues that environmental turbulence could be considered as the moderating variable. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 175 Chinese high-tech new ventures. The results show that strategic flexibility mediates the association between entrepreneurial leadership and innovation performance. However, the results only support the moderation of technological turbulence on the association between entrepreneurial leadership and strategic flexibility. Our findings extend the entrepreneurship and leadership research by investigating how entrepreneurial leadership affects innovation performance of new ventures via strategic flexibility, and the effectiveness of entrepreneurial leadership under technological turbulence.
Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity
Authors: Nguyen Dai Hai , Vo Thanh Nguyet Nguyen , Le Ngoc Thuy Trang , Thi Dieu Phuong Nguyen , Thi Thai Thanh Hoang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted much attention due to its simplicity, high feasibility in scaling up production, abundantly renewable sources, and environmental friendliness. Herein, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Phyllanthus urinaria leaf extracts (OT-ext and P.uri.ext, respectively) were chosen as reacting agents with rich and poor saponins to fabricate two biogenic AgNPs and characterize them. OT-AgNPs were simply and successfully generated by OT-ext. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed the peak centered at 434 nm, which confirmed the presence of AgNPs after an 8-h reaction. FT-IR showed the organic functional groups (OH, C═O, C═C, CH, and COC) capping the surface of OT-AgNPs, which agreed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis exhibiting the composition containing C, O, and Ag. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that OT-AgNPs possess spherical morphology, with a size range of 5–61 nm, and the majority having a small size within that range. In comparison, P.uri.AgNPs formed by P.uri.ext had a size distribution in a similar range, but the P.uri.AgNP diameter shifted toward larger sizes. Further, OT-AgNPs and P.uri.AgNPs showed an effective antifungal ability against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Overall, it was found that the rich saponins in the extracts lead to the formation of smaller AgNPs, but all extract-mediated AgNPs with a size less than 100 nm can act as a fungicide for various applications.
Hardness of chemically densified Yellow birch in relation to wood density, polymer content and polymer properties
Authors: Triquet Juliette , Blanchet Pierre , Landry Véronic 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Density of wood can be increased by filling its porous structure with polymers. Such densification processes aim to increase hardness of wood and are particularly interesting for flooring applications. This study aims to evaluate efficiency of different polymers for chemical densification based on the polymer properties. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) was chemically densified with seven monomer mixtures through acrylate monomer impregnation and electron beam in-situ polymerization. Chemical retention and polymer content of densified woods were recorded. Hardness of treated and untreated Yellow birch was measured and compared to hardness of Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.). All densified woods showed higher or comparable hardness to Jatoba. Hardness of densified wood was analyzed in relation to initial density of wood and polymer content of the material using multivariable linear mixed models. Efficiency of polymers for chemical densification was evaluated through effect of polymer content on hardness with interaction coefficients. Polymer films corresponding to monomer impregnating mixtures were prepared through low energy electron beam and characterized by their glass transition temperature, micro hardness, indentation modulus and crosslinking density. Polymers showed statistically significantly different efficiencies and were separated in two main groups. Overall, polymer efficiency increased with increasing glass transition temperature of polyacrylates.
ADAM8 affects glioblastoma progression by regulating osteopontin-mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Li Yu , Guo Songbo , Zhao Kai , Conrad Catharina , Driescher Caroline , Rothbart Vanessa , Schlomann Uwe , Guerreiro Helena , Bopp Miriam H. , König Alexander , Carl Barbara , Pagenstecher Axel , Nimsky Christopher , Bartsch Jörg W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer with a median survival of only 15 months. To complement standard treatments including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, it is essential to understand the contribution of the GBM tumor microenvironment. Brain macrophages and microglia particularly contribute to tumor angiogenesis, a major hallmark of GBM. ADAM8, a metalloprotease-disintegrin strongly expressed in tumor cells and associated immune cells of GBMs, is related to angiogenesis and correlates with poor clinical prognosis. However, the specific contribution of ADAM8 to GBM tumorigenesis remains elusive. Knockdown of ADAM8 in U87 glioma cells led to significantly decreased angiogenesis and tumor volumes of these cells after stereotactic injection into striate body of mice. We found that the angiogenic potential of ADAM8 in GBM cells and in primary macrophages is mediated by the regulation of osteopontin (OPN), an important inducer of tumor angiogenesis. By in vitro cell signaling analyses, we demonstrate that ADAM8 regulates OPN via JAK/STAT3 pathway in U87 cells and in primary macrophages. As ADAM8 is a dispensable protease for physiological homeostasis, we conclude that ADAM8 could be a tractable target to modulate angiogenesis in GBM with minor side-effects.
Specific acclimations to phosphorus limitation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Dell’Aquila Gianluca , Maier Uwe G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a crucial element and diatoms, unicellular phototrophic organisms, evolved efficient strategies to handle limiting phosphorus concentrations in the oceans. In the last decade, several groups investigated the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum concerning phosphate homeostasis mechanisms. Here, we summarize the actual status of knowledge by linking the available data sets, thereby indicating experimental limits but also future research directions.
Metabolism of non-growing bacteria
Authors: Lempp Martin , Lubrano Paul , Bange Gert , Link Hannes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA main function of bacterial metabolism is to supply biomass building blocks and energy for growth. This seems to imply that metabolism is idle in non-growing bacteria. But how relevant is metabolism for the physiology of non-growing bacteria and how active is their metabolism? Here, we reviewed literature describing metabolism of non-growing bacteria in their natural environment, as well as in biotechnological and medical applications. We found that metabolism does play an important role during dormancy and that especially the demand for ATP determines metabolic activity of non-growing bacteria.
Aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents in a developing country: patterns and associated factors
Authors: Chiebuka Peter , Ndukuba Appolos , Abasiubong Festus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the pattern of aggression among senior secondary school students in Calabar and the psychosocial factors that are associated with it.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study of 453 randomly selected senior secondary school students utilizing a self-administered Socio-demographic questionnaire obtain data regarding age, gender etc. and a brief interview using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) to determine aggression.ResultsThe mean weighted MOAS score was 26.94 ± 0.02. Males had significantly higher weighted MOAS total score than females (t=6.466, p<0.001). There was no gender difference in their aggression against objects but the older adolescents scored higher than the younger ones (t=2.029, p=0.043). Males scored higher in verbal aggression (t=3.064, p=0.002) and physical aggression (t=7.002, p<0.001). In the aggression against self-domain, females scored higher than males (t=1.961, p=0.050). All the domains of aggression correlated positively with the total weighted MOAS score, the strongest being with physical aggression (r=0.908, p=0.000).ConclusionsGender appears to play a significant role in aggression among the participants. That females scored higher in aggression to self may have implications for prevention of suicide among youths.
Health profile with body mass index and physical fitness in Swedish adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yohannes Helen , Östenberg Anna Hafsteinsson , Alricsson Marie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Physical inactivity and poor physical fitness in children and adolescents are growing public health problems globally. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and three physical fitness components, including overall fitness, according to the Swedish Physical power, Mental harmony and Social capacity profile (FMS profile). Another aim was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests.

Methods
A total of 3,692 male and female adolescents in Sweden, between year 2004 and 2013, aged from 16 to 18 years old, were included. Height and weight data were collected to calculate the Body mass index (BMI). The participants performed physical fitness tests, which measure cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility. The test-retest study included 18 adolescents, aged 16. They answered the FMS questionnaire and participated in the fitness tests with one-week interval.

Results
A weak inverse relationship between BMI and physical fitness was found: r=−0.06 to −0.07 (p<0.05) for flexibility, r=−0.13 to 0.10 (p<0.001) for strength, r=−0.14 to −0.33 (p<0.001) for cardiorespiratory fitness, and r=−0.15 to −0.27 (p<0.001) for overall fitness. In the test-retest study, the ICC’s for strength, flexibility and balance were 0.94, 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. The ICC’s for the questions regarding lifestyle ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 and for diet, physical activity and drugs were 0.56, 0.44 and 0.58, respectively. The correlation was stronger in overweight/obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals.

Conclusion
Overweight and obese individuals scored lower in the fitness tests compared to their normal weight counterparts. The test-retest study revealed that the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests are reliable tools.
Association between sitting posture on school furniture and spinal changes in adolescents
Authors: Araújo Lucele G. L. , Rodrigues Vandilson P. , Figueiredo Ivan A. , Medeiros Maria N. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the association between sitting posture during the use of school furniture and changes in the spine in adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 students. The sitting position on school furniture was collected five times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min). Postural alteration of the spine was identified by direct observation in front of a symmetograph. Screening for scoliosis was obtained by Adams test.

Results
The presence of the factor away from the table presented higher percentages at times 3, 6, 9, and 15 min (24.2, 25, 29.2, and 26.7%, respectively). At 12 min, the highest frequency was the presence of poorly positioned lower limbs (25.8%). Associations were observed between poor sitting posture with changes in head anteriorization and retroversion of the pelvis among women and with thoracic hyperkyphosis in men.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that there are sex-dependent associations between poor sitting posture during use of school furniture and spinal alterations in adolescents.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of solid-liquid suspension characteristics in a stirred tank with punched circle package impellers
Authors: Gu Deyin , Ye Mei , Liu Zuohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solid-liquid suspension characteristics in a stirred tank with four pitched-blade impellers, circle package impellers, and punched circle package impellers were studied via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. A classical Eulerian-Eulerian approach coupled with the standard k-ε turbulence model was adopted to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow. The effects of impeller speed, power consumption, impeller type, aperture size/ratio, solid particle diameter and liquid viscosity on the solid particle suspension quality were investigated. Results showed that the solid particle suspension quality was improved with an increment in the impeller speed. Punched circle package impeller could reduce the just suspension speed and improve the level of homogeneity for solid-liquid mixing process on the basis of four pitched-blade impeller and circle package impeller. The optimum aperture ratio and aperture diameter were 11.8% and 8 mm, respectively, for solid particles suspension process in this work. Smaller particle diameter led to smaller settling velocity and higher solid particle suspension quality. More viscous liquid was easier for sustaining the solid particles in suspension state. Meanwhile, punched circle package impeller can reduce the power consumption compared with four pitched-blade impeller and circle package impeller at the same impeller speed, and enhance the solid integrated velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of solid-liquid mixing system at the same power consumption.
Effect of microwave-drying on the quality and antioxidant properties of Ganoderma lucidum fermented sea-buckthorn tea
Authors: Xin Yan-Hua , Zhao San-Hu , Yang Jie , Zhang Tie-Dan , Zhang Jian-Hua , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Effects of microwave power on the sensory properties (taste and aroma), chemical composition (catechins, caffeine, crude protein, and amino acid), active composition (flavones, triterpene, polysaccharide, and ergosterol) and antioxidant properties (superoxide free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, reducing power) of Ganoderma lucidum fermented sea-buckthorn tea were investigated. G. lucidum fermented sea-buckthorn tea was dehydrated using microwaves at three power settings: 125, 250, and 500. After microwave treatment, a statistically significant difference in the chemical composition, active composition and antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) of teas dried at different power settings was found. These results indicate that 250 W microwave treatments could effectively release and activate active components, improving the antioxidant activity of fermented tea.
‘Ilāj bi’l-Tadbīr (regimenal therapy): a core mode of Unani treatment
Authors: Ansari Athar Parvez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since antiquity, the Unani system of medicine has been participating in health care system. Usually, four modes of treatment viz. regimenal therapy, dietotherapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery are applied for the treatment of diseases. Regimenal therapy is an important mode in which the morbid matter present in the body is either dispersed/excreted or its unnecessary production is blocked or its flow is restricted and the diseases are cured by natural healer of the body, consequently bring back the humoural stability. Nearly 30 regimens have been mentioned in classical Unani literature. Commonest regimenal procedures such as fasd (venesection/phlebotomy), hijāma (cupping), ta‘līq al-‘alaq (hirudotherapy/leech therapy), ishāl (purgation), qay’ (emesis), idrār-i-bawl (diuresis), huqna (enema), ta’rīq (diaphoresis), riyādat (exercise), dalk (massage), hammām (bathing), tadhīn (oiling), natūl (irrigation), sakūb (douching/spraying), inkibāb (steam/vapour application), takmīd (fomentation) etc. are usually applied for the management of various ailments. These regimenal procedures are completely based on holistic approach and are potential but needs to be explored scientifically. This review outlines the therapeutic applications of various regimens of regimenal therapy used in Unani medicine.
Three-Dimensional Ballistic-Diffusive Heat Transport in Silicon: Transient Response and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Mansoor Saad Bin , Yilbas Bekir S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Phonons are the main contributors to thermal energy transfer in thin films. The size dependence of the thermal transport characteristics alters the film properties such as thermal conductivity. Hence, in the present study, three-dimensional, transient phonon transport in dielectric material is studied through the Equation of Phonon Radiative Transport (EPRT) to assess the size dependence of thermal conductivity. The numerical scheme is introduced solving the EPRT in three dimensions and the governing algorithm is described in detail. A parametric study is carried out examining the effect of the

Kn

\mathrm{Kn}

number on the thermal energy transport characteristics in three-dimensional thermally excited film. The formulation and estimation of the effective thermal conductivity tensor is presented and discussed, thereby extending, to some extent, the one-dimensional results obtained earlier. We demonstrate that thermal conductivity changes in all directions, depending on the size effect. In addition, the directions of the temperature gradient and heat flux vectors differ as the

Kn

\mathrm{Kn}

number approaches unity.
Importance of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in liver disease
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, several studies have reported the association between elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and liver disease, especially, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of TSH elevation in patients with liver disease.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with liver disease between January 2015 and March 2019.

Results
Among the 77 patients, 17 (22.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 3 (17.6%) progressed to overt hypothyroidism. A total of 26 (33.8%) patients had NAFLD, and 6 (23.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. The ultrasound grade of liver steatosis was not related to the elevation of TSH levels. The median age was significantly younger in patients with TSH elevation (5 vs. 9 years, p = 0.017). Albumin levels were significantly decreased (3.9 vs. 4.3 g/dL, p = 0.007), and total bilirubin levels were elevated (2.2 vs. 0.6 mg/dL, p = 0.001) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Conclusions
TSH elevation commonly occurs in patients with liver disease, especially those with younger age. The cause of liver disease was not a risk factor for TSH elevation.