bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helical milling hole finishing of Inconel 718 parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Pereira Robson Bruno Dutra , Pérez-Ruiz Jose David , Gómez-Escudero Gaizka , Calleja-Ochoa Amaia , Villarrazo-Rubia Nagore , Brandão Lincoln Cardoso , Lacalle Luis Norberto López de 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has evolved into a key manufacturing process, but machining is still crucial to improve part quality. Holes in LPBF parts present poor accuracy, and helical milling with conventional endmills can be a suitable operation to finish holes in printed metal parts. Due to its superior properties, Inconel 718 is widely applied in aero-engine parts, requiring high reliability. However, Inconel 718 presents a tendency of machining hardening, being classified as a difficult-to-machine material. This work investigates the finishing through helical milling of holes in parts of Inconel 718 obtained through LPBF. LPBF parts of Inconel 718 were obtained with pre-holes and these were finished through helical milling. Holes of LPBF parts may present significant geometrical error. The results indicate that helical milling is suitable for improving the quality of LPBF holes. LPBF parts obtained with the laser scan angle of 67$$^{\circ }$$

∘

with thermal treatment presented higher grain refinement and precipitates, resulting in the highest cutting forces and roughness. Cutting force patterns presented a significant correlation with geometrical error variation. Process modeling highlighted the most influential LPBF and helical milling parameters on cutting forces and roughness. The axial and tangential feeds presented directly and inversely proportional effects on cutting forces, respecting the kinematics and undeformed chip volumes. Finally, bi-objective optimization was performed to guide the choice of the best conditions to achieve improved roughness and lowest cutting forces.
Influence of varying volume energy densities on the magnetic properties of additively manufactured Ni50Fe50
Authors: Müller Sven , Krämer Andreas , Goossens Nils , Bendlin Thania , Mattulat Thorsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe state of the art of nickel iron alloys specifies that low porosity and large grain sizes are essential to reach sufficient soft magnetic properties, e.g. like low coercivity. Both porosity and grain size are influenced by the volume energy density (VED) used during additive manufacturing (AM) and are relatively independent of the part geometry. Additional factors like residual stresses, also affecting the magnetic properties, are not only influenced by the VED but also the part geometry and are distributed irregularly. Based on this, the geometry independent adjustment of residual stresses is only possible to a limited extent. Due to this, it is of high interest whether the sole consideration and adaption of grain size and porosity is sufficient to reach and assure soft magnetic properties for Ni50Fe50 in as-built condition. In this study, it is investigated whether soft magnetic properties can be achieved during AM of a Ni50Fe50 alloy using a standard laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process by varying the used VED. The influence of increasing VEDs of up to 667 J/mm3 in the manufacturing process on grain size, porosity, saturation flux density and coercivity is analyzed. It could be shown that in a defined parameter field, the magnetic properties can be improved with increasing energy density, as larger grains are formed, while the relative density is not decisively reduced (minimal coercivity 184 A/m). However, it could also be shown that a standard PBF-LB process and the sole consideration of grain size and porosity is not applicable to reach soft magnetic properties (coercivity of < 100 A/m) in as-built condition and additional characteristics like residual stresses need to be taken into consideration in future works.
A model for the interaction of a pathogen and an innovative antimicrobial nanocoating
Authors: Bellanato Israel , Benito Clemente Alberto , Royo Patricia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the ongoing battle against infectious diseases, innovative nanotextured antipathogenic coatings provide promising avenues for preventing pathogens from spreading. Understanding their interactions at the micro/nanoscale is crucial for improving their design and efficacy. This work proposes a model for the interaction between pathogens and nanotextured antipathogenic coated surfaces. For this purpose, the forces and deformations experienced by pathogens upon contact with nanotextured surfaces are studied. To achieve this goal, a computational model based on the molecular dynamics software ESPResSo and, particularly, the Object-In-Fluid implementation, has been developed, extending the previous works of I. Jančigova et al. and G. Lazzini et al. More specifically, a Staphylococcus Aureus bacterium is modelled as an elastic cell represented by a triangular mesh and immersed in a computational Lattice-Boltzmann fluid. The size, shape and elastic properties of the pathogen cell are tuned, emulating those of Staphylococcus Aureus. A poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate laser-sintered with Ag nanoparticles is modelled with a triangular mesh, and the interactions between the cell and the substrate are introduced through a Lennard-Jones potential. The simulations performed reveal the influence of surface geometry and dispersion in the coated substrate, providing critical insights into designing more effective antibacterial surfaces that inhibit pathogen proliferation.
Strengthening of pre-loaded RC beams using sustainable ambient-cured FA/GGBS geopolymer mortar
Authors: Osman Abdullah Y. , Irshidat Mohammad R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of using ambient-cured geopolymer mortar (GPM) made of fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a sustainable strengthening material on the flexural behaviour of pre-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Ten RC beams were prepared, and then eight of them were loaded at different levels and strengthened with different depths using FA/GGBS-based GPM. The investigated parameters in this study include the effect of pre-loading level and strengthening depth on the ultimate moment capacity, midspan deflection, initial stiffness, toughness, and mode of failure. The obtained results of this study showed that strengthening 50% pre-loaded RC beams using GPM at a depth of 25 mm contributed to improving the moment capacity by about 10%. It was also found that using FA/GGBS-based GPM to strengthen RC beams with a thick layer of GPM affected the flexural behaviour of the strengthened beams negatively. Finally, an analytical model provided by the ACI code was implemented to predict the ultimate moment capacity and instantaneous deflection of the GPM-strengthened RC beams.
Synthesis and Morphology of Slag-based Alkali-Activated Materials
Authors: Komnitsas Konstantinos , Peys Arne , Tampouris Stylianos , Karmali Vasiliki , Bartzas Georgios , Vathi Dimitra , Kritikaki Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on the optimization of alkali activation of ferronickel (FeNi) slag for the production of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). The effect of the main factors including molarity and SiO2/Na2O molar ratio in the activating solution, pre-curing and curing time, curing temperature, and aging period on the compressive strength and other properties of the final products is assessed. Emphasis is paid to the study of the effect of low curing temperature to decrease the overall footprint of alkali activation. Several analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used for the identification of the mineralogy and the morphology of the precursor and the final products. The experimental results indicate that the produced AAMs achieve a maximum compressive strength of 99 MPa using NaOH molarity 8 mol/L (M), SiO2/Na2O molar ratio 1, curing temperature 80 °C, curing time 24 h, and aging period 7 days. SEM/EDS–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicates that alkali activation results in a homogeneous binding phase, characteristic of the expected iron-rich matrix, while the microstructure of the AAMs is characterized by a glassy and smooth surface without the presence of any visible cracks or defects. The produced AAMs may be used as alternative binders for the replacement of cement in the production of concrete or as construction elements.
A proposed roadmap: one department of surgery’s plan for diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Walsh Maura , Hoyos Gomez Tatiana , Thanawala Ruchi , Tibayan Fred , Worth Patrick , Løfberg Katrine , Hawley Christopher , Hoops Heather , Tinoco-Garcia Luis , Westerlund Truc , Tsikitis V. Liana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Disparities remain in academic surgery that negatively impact our patients and our community in multiple ways. The Department of Surgery (DoS) at Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU) formally established a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Council in 2020 to address the multifaceted etiologies of these inequities. This manuscript describes the steps taken by this council to create a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive workspace, which were guided by the framework provided in the white paper “Ensuring Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Academic Surgery” by West et al.

Methods
The DEI Council was constructed into four working groups: Antiracism, Gender Equity, LGBTQIA + , and Community Engagement. Each group is charged with a unique mission statement to address pertinent inequalities. Various initiatives include educational lectures, workshops, quality improvement and health advocacy projects.

Results
The DEI Council has achieved progress by modifying hiring, promotion, and tenure policies and facilitating mentorship. Changes have been made to call expectations and lactation policies for residents and faculty who are expecting or new parents. Nine observerships and financially supported subinternships for underrepresented groups have been completed and will continue. DEI professional development modules, retreats, and monthly cultural humility discussions have been established. Cultural humility and competence of the DoS cohort has been measured through validated tools.

Conclusion
There is much work ahead to achieve our DEI goals. This manuscript demonstrates progress that can be replicated and improved at other institutions as we all strive toward a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive world of academic surgery.
Heat stress promotes the accumulation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in its insect vector by activating heat shock factor
Authors: Wang Yu-Meng , Xie Ting , He Ya-Zhou , Cuellar Wilmer J. , Wang Xiao-Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh temperature tends to be a contributing factor to the spread of vector-borne viral diseases by enhancing vector competence. However, the underlying mechanisms of the increased virus transmission capacity of vectors under heat stress are still largely unknown. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating plant DNA viruses worldwide and is transmitted exclusively by Bemisia tabaci. Here, we identified heat shock factor (HSF) as a key transcription factor that mediates TYLCV accumulation in whitefly vectors under heat stress. Quantitative analysis revealed that the amount of TYLCV DNA in whiteflies gradually increased with increasing temperature (above 38 °C). To determine the underlying mechanism, RNA-seq analysis was performed, which revealed that 1 h of heat stress caused a dramatic increase in heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Moreover, the whitefly HSP transcription factor HSF was shown to specifically interact with the intergenic region of TYLCV via yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase analyses. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of HSF gradually increased with increasing heat treatment temperature, indicating a similar pattern of virus accumulation under heat stress. Knocking down HSF in whiteflies caused a significant decrease in TYLCV DNA and coat protein. Our results reveal the important role of HSF in mediating virus accumulation in insect vectors under high temperature and provide insights into how environmental factors affect plant virus‒vector interactions.
Evaluating sublethal anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in deceased predatory birds of South-East Queensland, Australia
Authors: Low Zachary , Murray Peter J. , Naseem Noman , McGilp Daniel , Doneley Bob , Beale David J. , Biggs Leo , Gonzalez-Astudillo Viviana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) to manage rodent populations can result in unintentional lethal or sublethal poisoning of non-target wildlife, particularly predatory birds. In south-east Queensland, Australia, rodent infestations fluctuate due to favourable environmental conditions, leading to increased AR use and incidences of secondary poisoning. Globally, lethal and sublethal AR exposure has been documented in predatory birds. However, in Australian predatory birds, both the lethal exposure limits and the impacts of sublethal exposure are poorly understood. This study examines AR exposure in 23 raptors and 1 nightjar. Postmortem liver samples were analysed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Traumatic injuries were observed in 15 birds, and rodent remains were found in the gizzards of 9 individuals. LC–MS revealed that 13 birds had sublethal exposure to ARs, with warfarin, a first-generation AR (n = 11) being the most common, followed by second-generation ARs brodifacoum (n = 3), difethialone (n = 1), and flocoumafen (n = 1). Only six of the thirteen AR-positive birds had rodent remains in their gastrointestinal tracts, highlighting the potential of AR bioaccumulation and associated impacts over time. The contribution of sublethal AR exposure to the death of these predatory birds remains unproven and underscores the need for ongoing research into AR exposure in native predatory birds, especially in areas where threatened avifauna inhabit human-dominated landscapes.
Centella asiatica and its bioactive compounds: a comprehensive approach to managing hyperglycemia and associated disorders
Authors: Singh Loushambam Samananda , Singh Waikhom Somraj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCentella asiatica (CA), (also known as Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or Indian pennywort or Gotu Kola) is native to the tropical regions of Asia and Africa and has a rich history of use in treating a wide range of ailments, including neurological, dermatological, immunological, and metabolic disorders. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds, such as pentacyclic triterpenes (notably Asiaticoside, Asiatic Acid, Madecassoside, and Madecassic Acid), flavonoids, phytosterols, and phenolic acids, which contribute significantly to its therapeutic effectiveness. The medicinal applications of CA are vast, with its chemical constituents exhibiting notable therapeutic potential in areas such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and wound healing activities. Numerous scientific investigations have validated these applications, confirming the efficacy of its bioactive components. In this critical review, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature to shed light on the pharmacological significance of CA, particularly concerning diabetes and related disorders.
A diet-wide association study for liver cancer risk: findings from a prospective cohort study in Chinese women
Authors: Tuo Jia-Yi , Shen Qiu-Ming , Li Zhuo-Ying , Tan Jing-Yu , Tan Yu-Ting , Li Hong-Lan , Xiang Yong-Bing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although dietary factors have been examined as potential risk factors for liver cancer, the evidence is still inconclusive. Using a diet-wide association analysis, our research evaluated the associations of 126 foods and nutrients on the risk of liver cancer in a Chinese population. We obtained the diet consumption of 72,680 women in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study using baseline dietary questionnaires. The association between each food and nutrient and liver cancer risk was quantified by Cox regression model. A false discovery rate of 0.05 was used to determine the foods and nutrients which need to be verified. Totally 256 incident liver cancer cases were identified in 1,267,391 person-years during the follow-up duration. At the statistical significance level (P ≤ 0.05), higher intakes of cooked wheaten foods, pear, grape and copper were inversely associated with liver cancer risk, while spinach, leafy vegetables, eggplant and carrots showed the positive associations. After considering multiple comparisons, no dietary variable was associated with liver cancer risk. Similar findings were seen in the stratification, secondary and sensitivity analyses. Our findings observed no significant association between dietary factors and liver cancer risk after considering multiple comparisons in Chinese women. More evidence is needed to explore the associations between diet and female liver cancer occurrence.
The effect of azelaic acid on AlCl3-induced neurocognitive impairments and molecular changes in the hippocampus of rats
Authors: Vasegh Saba , Saadati Hakimeh , Abedi Ali , Mostafalou Sara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Cognitive function plays a pivotal role in assessing an individual’s quality of life. This research aimed to investigate how azelaic acid (AzA), a natural dicarboxylic acid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, affects aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced behavioural changes and biochemical alterations in the hippocampus of rats.

Methods:
Thirty-two male Wistar rats divided into four groups received distilled water, AzA 50 mg/kg, AlCl3 100 mg/kg and AzA plus AlCl3, respectively, by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Behavioural changes were evaluated using open-field maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition (NOR), passive avoidance task, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined.

Results:
AzA significantly affected AlCl3-provoked anxiety-like behaviours and learning and memory impairments. It also reduced the toxic effect of AlCl3 on MDA, carbonyl protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and GSK-3β status; however, its beneficial effects on AlCl3-induced changes of CHOP, BDNF and AChE activity were not significant.

Conclusion:
These findings disclosed that AzA could improve behavioural and cognitive function and almost limit the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation caused by AlCl3.
Predicting remission following CBT for childhood anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bertie Lizel-Antoinette , Quiroz Juan C. , Berkovsky Shlomo , Arendt Kristian , Bögels Susan , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Cooper Peter , Creswell Cathy , Eley Thalia C. , Hartman Catharina , Fjermestadt Krister , In-Albon Tina , Lavallee Kristen , Lester Kathryn J. , Lyneham Heidi J. , Marin Carla E. , McKinnon Anna , McLellan Lauren F. , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Nauta Maaike , Rapee Ronald M. , Schneider Silvia , Schniering Carolyn , Silverman Wendy K. , Thastum Mikael , Thirlwall Kerstin , Waite Polly , Wergeland Gro Janne , Wuthrich Viviana , Hudson Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of predictors of treatment response is crucial for improving treatment outcome for children with anxiety disorders. Machine learning methods provide opportunities to identify combinations of factors that contribute to risk prediction models.MethodsA machine learning approach was applied to predict anxiety disorder remission in a large sample of 2114 anxious youth (5–18 years). Potential predictors included demographic, clinical, parental, and treatment variables with data obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at least one follow-up.ResultsAll machine learning models performed similarly for remission outcomes, with AUC between 0.67 and 0.69. There was significant alignment between the factors that contributed to the models predicting two target outcomes: remission of all anxiety disorders and the primary anxiety disorder. Children who were older, had multiple anxiety disorders, comorbid depression, comorbid externalising disorders, received group treatment and therapy delivered by a more experienced therapist, and who had a parent with higher anxiety and depression symptoms, were more likely than other children to still meet criteria for anxiety disorders at the completion of therapy. In both models, the absence of a social anxiety disorder and being treated by a therapist with less experience contributed to the model predicting a higher likelihood of remission.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the utility of prediction models that may indicate which children are more likely to remit or are more at risk of non-remission following CBT for childhood anxiety.
Rates of colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in people with severe mental illness: results from Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Kisely S. , Spilsbury K. , Bull C. , Jordan S. , Kendall B.J. , Siskind D. , Sara G. , Protani M. , Lawrence D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies mostly predate the introduction of national bowel cancer screening programmes (NBCSPs) and it is unknown if these have reduced disparity in CRC-related mortality for people with SMI.

Methods
We compared mortality rates following CRC diagnosis at colonoscopy between a nationally representative sample of people with and without SMI who participated in Australia’s NBCSP. Participation was defined as the return of a valid immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). We also compared mortality rates between people with SMI who did and did not participate in the NBCSP. SMI was defined as receiving two or more Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions for second-generation antipsychotics or lithium.

Results
Amongst NBCSP participants, the incidence of CRC in the SMI cohort was lower than in the controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.98). In spite of this, their all-cause mortality rate was 1.84 times higher (95% CI 1.12–3.03), although there was only weak evidence of a difference in CRC-specific mortality (HR 1.82; 95% CI 0.93–3.57). People with SMI who participated in the NBCSP had better all-cause survival than those who were invited to participate but did not return a valid iFOBT (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88). The benefit of participation was strongest for males with SMI and included improved all-cause and CRC-specific survival.

Conclusions
Participation in the NBCSP may be associated with improved survival following a CRC diagnosis for people with SMI, especially males, although they still experienced greater mortality than the general population. Approaches to improving CRC outcomes in people with SMI should include targeted screening, and increased awareness about the benefits or participation.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12620000781943).