bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzodithienyl Silanes for Organic Electronics: AIE Solid‐State Blue Emitters and High Triplet Energy Charge‐Transport Materials
Authors: Bossi Alberto , Arnaboldi Serena , Castellano Carlo , Martinazzo Rocco , Cauteruccio Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel class of benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithienyl (BDT) silanes 1–3 in which a tetrahedral silicon atom connects two BDT units is developed as high triplet energy 3D‐host. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these structures are investigated, demonstrating that the peculiar features of the constituting BDT units are preserved in the corresponding silanes. All compounds display deep UV absorption (Eg = 4.10–3.52 eV) and fluorescent emission (300–400 nm for 1 and 2, and 350–450 nm for 3). Phosphorescence is observed at low temperature and the respective T1 states set at 2.65, 2.59, and 2.25 eV. Emission efficiency in solution is as high as 0.18 in 3. Compound 1 crystallizes in two monoclinic structures without relevant intra‐inter‐molecular contacts; both display similar and intriguing aggregation induced emission‐like deep blue emission (390–397 nm) with quantum yield up to 13%. A blue and a green emissive organic light emitting diode devices are realized using silane 1 as semiconductive host material. The perfect sensitization of the green Ir(ppy)3 emitter results in a device which nicely compares, in terms of efficiency, with a standard one. The blue FIrpic emitter is instead only partially sensitized on account of the too closed triplets.
Flexible Near‐Infrared InGaSb Nanowire Array Detectors with Ultrafast Photoconductive Response Below 20 µs
Authors: Li Dapan , Yip SenPo , Li Fangzhou , Zhang Heng , Meng You , Bu Xiuming , Kang Xiaolin , Lan Changyong , Liu Chuntai , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance flexible room‐temperature near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors are one of the important components for image sensing, data communication, environmental monitoring, and bioimaging applications. However, there is still a lack of suitable device channel materials to provide high sensitivity as well as good mechanical flexibility for photodetection, particularly operating at the optical communication wavelength of 1550 nm. In this work, highly crystalline In0.28Ga0.72Sb nanowires (NWs) are successfully grown by the two‐step chemical vapor deposition method and assembled into high‐density regular NW parallel arrays on polyimide substrates. When they are constructed into photodetectors without using any p–n junctions, they exhibit the excellent responsivity up to 1520 A W−1 and ultra‐fast response speed below 20 µs toward 1550 nm irradiation at room temperature, which constitutes a record high performance among all flexible NIR photodetectors reported in recent literature. Notably, these flexible NW parallel‐array photodetectors also display a superior mechanical flexibility and operation durability. They not only provide a stable photoresponse under illumination on–off cycles up to 1000 s, but also maintain the steady photocurrent without any significant degradation after 700 bending cycles. All these results evidently indicate the promising potential of these crystalline In0.28Ga0.72Sb NW parallel arrays for next‐generation flexible optoelectronic devices.
Emerging Nickel Catalysis in Heck Reactions: Recent Developments
Authors: Bhakta S. , Ghosh T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthetic application of nickel catalysts in Heck‐coupling reactions is quite prominent and noticeable of late in organic synthesis. It shows great interest over the other transition metal catalysts due to its unique characteristic that prepares them more significantly applicable in different fields of synthetic application. The usefulness of nickel‐catalysts relies in the fact that they are abundant in nature, relatively less precious and environment friendly. Nickel plays pivotal role in different kind of Heck reactions known such as intramolecular‐, intermolecular‐, reductive‐Heck type reaction producing mainly carbocycles and hetero cycles of biological significance. Carbocyclization or hetero‐cyclization reaction occurred under optimized reaction conditions developed and come up with the formation of various structural building blocks of naturally occurring compounds. Via reductive Heck cyclization large membered	ring of carbo‐ or hetero‐cyclic system was formed which performed key role as building blocks in pharmaceutical synthesis and bioactive molecule formation. Intermolecular Heck type reactions were comparatively more explored. Silyl‐Heck, carbonyl‐Heck, and other miscellaneous type reactions were covered up through nickel‐catalyzed intermolecular Heck reaction. Asymmetric versions of Heck‐ coupling reactions are also reported to proceed even with unactivated alkenes, offering molecules having quaternary stereogenic center in a regio‐ and enantioselective manner. This manuscript intends to cover these entire concepts.magnified image
Molecular Engineering of Organic Spacer Cations for Efficient and Stable Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Song Sungwon , Yang Seok Joo , Choi Wookjin , Lee Hansol , Sung Woong , Park Chaneui , Cho Kilwon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow dimensional (LD) perovskite materials generally exhibit superior chemical stability against ambient moisture and thermal stress than that of 3D perovskites. Recently, LD perovskite has been used as a passivation layer on the surface of 3D perovskite grains. Although various LD perovskites have been developed focusing on their hydrophobicity, the impact of crystal structure of LD perovskite on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) is still uncertain. In this work, the effects of the structural characteristics of LD perovskites on the crystal formation of formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) and on the optoelectrical properties of PSCs are elucidated. The phase‐transformation kinetics of FAPbI3 mixed with LD perovskites is studied using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model. It is found that the arrangement of PbI6 octahedra in the LD perovskite changes the rate of α‐FAPbI3 formation. Facilitated nucleation of α‐FAPbI3 at the LD/FAPbI3 interface results in minimal structural disorder and prolonged charge‐carrier lifetimes. As a result, the PSC with the optimized LD perovskite structure exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 21.25% from a reverse current–voltage scan, and stabilized efficiency of 19.95% with excellent ambient stability without being encapsulated.
Challenges and Strategy on Parasitic Reaction for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ding Mingjie , Li Xiaoxuan , Li Caixia , Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe soaring demands for large‐scale energy storage devices have triggered great interest in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs), the most promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to their extremely high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, serious parasitic reactions give rise to continuous consumption of cell components and accumulation of indissoluble side products, resulting in high overpotential, low rate capability, and especially limited cycle life, which hinder the commercial application of LOBs. This review focuses on comprehensively understanding the possible parasitic reactions involved at the cathode, anode, and electrolyte engendered by reactive oxygen species, impurity gasses, and singlet oxygen, while other factors that destabilize batteries such as Li dendrites, high potential, and incompatibility of cell components are also discussed. Furthermore, the corresponding strategies to inhibit or eliminate parasitic reactions and enhance the cycle stability are elaborated from the perspectives of composition regulation, microstructural design, and alternative components. It should be emphasized that the introduction of dual redox mediators and singlet quencher is crucial to achieve efficient LOBs with high capacity and prolonged cycle life. Finally, perspectives on suppressing parasitic reaction are proposed with the purpose of providing inspiration in designing stable LOBs for practical applications.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Network Integrated with Charge Excitation Circuit for Effective Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Liang Xi , Jiang Tao , Feng Yawei , Lu Pinjing , An Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOcean waves are considered to be one of the most promising renewable energy sources, and harvesting such energy via triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is an effective strategy toward large‐scale blue energy. However, most previous optimization schemes of TENG cannot meet the demands of practical applications. In this work, a new charge excitation circuit (CEC) with advantages of integration, high efficiency, and minimum impedance is developed specially for TENGs to harvest water wave energy. The TENG with the CEC exhibits significantly improved output performance, with a maximum power of 25.8 mW and power density of 49.3 W m−3, and a 208 times enhanced current of 25.1 mA is achieved. Furthermore, a scheme of integrating TENG network and CECs is proposed for realizing large‐scale wave energy harvesting. The charge excitation TENG network is demonstrated to successfully power a digital thermometer and a wireless communication system with mobile phone through transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals for remote environmental monitoring. This study not only offers a strategy to greatly enhance the output performance of TENG networks in water wave energy harvesting, but also provides useful guidance for constructing maritime communication platform based on blue energy toward a maritime internet of things system.
Impairment of chloroplast movement reduces growth and delays reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana in natural and controlled conditions
Authors: Howard Mia M. , Bae Andrea , Pirani Zahra , Van Nhi , Königer Martina 
Published: September 2020

PremiseThe importance of chloroplast movement for plant growth in constant, controlled light and of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in variable, natural light are known. Here we concurrently investigated growth and reproduction of several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to assess the relative importance of photoprotection via chloroplast movement and NPQ.MethodsPlants were grown outdoors (natural conditions) or in a growth chamber with variable light and chilling temperatures (controlled conditions). Phenotypic growth and reproductive variables were determined at set times before maturity in wild‐type (WT) and phot1, phot2, phot1phot2 (e.g., impaired chloroplast movement, stomatal conductance, leaf flattening), chup1 (impaired chloroplast movement), and npq1 (reduced NPQ) plants.ResultsMutants were most adversely affected in natural conditions, with phot1phot2 and chup1 most severely impacted. These mutants bolted later and produced fewer leaves and siliques, less leaf biomass, and fewer secondary inflorescences than WT. In controlled conditions, leaf traits of these mutants were unaffected, but phot1phot2 bolted later and produced fewer secondary inflorescences and siliques than WT. For most variables, there were significant interactions between growth conditions and plant genotype. Many variables were correlated, but those relationships changed with growth conditions and genotype.ConclusionsPhenotypic variables at the time of the harvest were strongly affected by growth conditions and genotype. In natural conditions, phot1phot2 and chup1 mutants were most adversely affected, demonstrating the importance of chloroplast movement. In controlled conditions, only phot1phot2 was consistently affected, also emphasizing the important, pleiotropic effects of phototropins. In both conditions, NPQ was less important.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection inIndiabucks the trend: Trained innate immunity?
Authors: Chinnaswamy Sreedhar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 pandemic caught the world unawares by its sudden onset in early 2020. Memories of the 1918 Spanish Flu were rekindled raising extreme fear for the virus, but in essence, it was the host and not the virus, which was deciding the outcome of the infection. Age, gender, and preexisting conditions played critical roles in shaping COVID‐19 outcome. People of lower socioeconomic strata were disproportionately affected in industrialized countries such as the United States. India, a developing country with more than 1.3 billion population, a large proportion of it being underprivileged and with substandard public health provider infrastructure, feared for the worst outcome given the sheer size and density of its population. Six months into the pandemic, a comparison of COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality data between India, the United States, and several European countries, reveal interesting trends. While most developed countries show curves expected for a fast‐spreading respiratory virus, India seems to have a slower trajectory. As a consequence, India may have gained on two fronts: the spread of the infection is unusually prolonged, thus leading to a curve that is “naturally flattened”; concomitantly the mortality rate, which is a reflection of the severity of the disease has been relatively low. I hypothesize that trained innate immunity, a new concept in immunology, may be the phenomenon behind this. Biocultural, socioecological, and socioeconomic determinants seem to be influencing the outcome of COVID‐19 in different regions/countries of the world.
Application methods of tracers for N2O source determination lead to inhomogeneous distribution in field plots
Authors: Berendt Jacqueline , Tenspolde Arne , Rex David , Clough Tim J. , Wrage‐Mönnig Nicole 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSource determination of N2O has often been performed using stable isotope incubation experiments. In situ experiments with isotopic tracers are an important next step. However, the challenge is to distribute the tracers in the field as homogeneously as possible. To examine this, a bromide solution was applied as a stand‐in tracer using either a watering can, a sprayer, or syringes to a relatively dry (25% gravimetric moisture content) or wet (30%) silt loam. After 1 h, samples were taken from three soil depths (0‐10 cm), and analyzed for their water content and bromide concentration. The application with syringes was unsuccessful due to blocked cannulas. Therefore, further laboratory experiments were conducted with side‐port cannulas. Despite a larger calculated gravimetric soil moisture difference with watering can application, more Br‐ tracer was recovered in the sprayer treatment, probably due to faster transport of Br‐ through macropore flow in the wetter conditions caused by the watering can treatment. The losses of Br‐ (33% for the watering can, 28% for the sprayer treatment) are equivalent to potential losses of isotopic tracer solutions. For application of 60 at% 15NH4+, this resulted in theoretical enrichments of 44‐53 at% in the upper 2.5 cm and 7‐48 at% in 5‐10 cm. As there was hardly any NO3‐ in the soil, extrapolations for 15NO3‐ calculated enrichments were 57‐59 at% in the upper 2.5 cm and 26‐57 at% in 5‐10 cm. Overall, no method, including the side‐port cannulas, was able to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the tracer. Future search for optimal tracer application should therefore investigate methods that utilize capillary forces and avoid overhead pressure. We recommend working on rather dry soil when applying tracers, as tracer recovery was larger here. Furthermore, larger amounts of tracer lead to more uniform distributions. Further studies should also investigate the importance of plant surfaces.
Polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers obtained by electrospinning and blowspinning: Electrospinning enhances the piezoelectric β‐phase – myth or reality?
Authors: Azzaz Cherif M. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Demarquette Nicole R. , Zednik Ricardo J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsiderable effort has been devoted to improving the properties of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), arguably the most technologically important piezoelectric polymer. Electrospinning has been found to be a particularly effective method of producing PVDF nanofibers with superior piezoelectric properties due to the resulting exceptionally high fraction of the piezoelectrically active crystalline β‐phase. It is typically assumed that the high external electric fields applied during electrospinning enhance the formation of this β‐phase, with the confused literature offering various unsatisfactory mechanistic explanations. However, by comparing PVDF nanofibers produced by two different processes (electrospinning and blowspinning), we show that the electric field is entirely unnecessary; indeed, the crystallization dynamics are principally driven by the applied mechanical stress, as evidenced by structurally identical 200 nm diameter PVDF fibers produced with and without external electric fields.
A psychoanalytic perspective on victims of domestic violence and coercive control
Authors: Brandt Stephanie , Rudden Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on long clinical and forensic experience in the assessment and treatment of victims of domestic violence, the authors discuss some predisposing psychological factors that can lead to a woman's vulnerability to forming and maintaining an attachment to an abusive partner. Clinical vignettes to illustrate some kinds of observed vulnerabilities along with the authors' ideas as to their origins are presented. The authors argue that these women present with some common but hidden difficulties that may go unrecognized even in a psychoanalytic setting. This is, in part, because of our profession's lack of familiarity with the nature of domestic violence. A more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence is obscured by two crucial factors: first, there is an initial clinical focus on the reality of significant external obstacles to terminating these often intense bonds – even in the face of foreseeable danger to the victim and children; second, and perhaps more limiting, are psychoanalytically based assumptions about “characterological masochism” that often reflect simplistic, moralistic, misogynistic assumptions about women that continue to inform psychoanalytic theory in the area of family life. In addition, the authors discuss some of the interactions contained within the perpetrator/victim relationship that reflect and reinforce the internal liabilities observed in this group of victims.
Metabolic engineering of Pichia pastoris for malic acid production from methanol
Authors: Guo Feng , Dai Zhongxue , Peng Wenfang , Zhang Shangjie , Zhou Jie , Ma Jiangfeng , Dong Weiliang , Xin Fengxue , Zhang Wenming , Jiang Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of rational design in reallocating metabolic flux to accumulate desired chemicals is always restricted by the native regulatory network. In this study, recombinant Pichia pastoris was constructed for malic acid production from sole methanol through rational redistribution of metabolic flux. Different malic acid accumulation modules were systematically evaluated and optimized in P. pastoris. The recombinant PP‐CM301 could produce 8.55 g/L malic acid from glucose, which showed a 3.45‐fold increase compared to the parent strain. To improve the efficiency of site‐directed gene knockout, NHEJ‐related protein Ku70 was destroyed, whereas leading to the silencing of heterogenous genes. Hence, genes related to by‐product generation were deleted via a specially designed FRT/FLP system, which successfully reduced succinic acid and ethanol production. Furthermore, a key node in the methanol assimilation pathway, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase was knocked out to liberate metabolic fluxes trapped in the XuMP cycle, which finally enabled 2.79 g/L malic acid accumulation from sole methanol feeding with nitrogen source optimization. These results will provide guidance and reference for the metabolic engineering of P. pastoris to produce value‐added chemicals from methanol.
α‐Methylene‐β‐Lactone Scaffold for Developing Chemical Probes at the Two Ends of the Selectivity Spectrum
Authors: Wang Lei , Riel Louis P. , Bajrami Bekim , Deng Bin , Howell Amy R. , Yao Xudong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe utilities of an α‐methylene‐β‐lactone (MeLac) moiety as a warhead composed of multiple electrophilic sites are reported. We demonstrate that a MeLac‐alkyne not only reacts with diverse proteins as a broadly reactive measurement probe, but also recruits reduced endogenous glutathione (GSH) to assemble a selective chemical probe of GSH‐β‐lactone (GSH‐Lac)‐alkyne in live cells. Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that MeLac reacts with nucleophilic cysteine, serine, lysine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, through either Michael or acyl addition. A peptide‐centric proteomics platform demonstrates that the proteomic selectivity profiles of orlistat and parthenolide, which have distinct reactivities, are measurable by MeLac‐alkyne as a high‐coverage probe. The GSH‐Lac‐alkyne selectively probes the glutathione S‐transferase P responsible for multidrug resistance. The assembly of the GSH‐Lac probe exemplifies a modular and scalable route to develop selective probes with different recognizing moieties.
Hemodynamic comparison of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the SAPIEN 3 Ultra versus SAPIEN 3: The HomoSAPIEN registry
Authors: Moriyama Noriaki , Lehtola Heidi , Miyashita Hirokazu , Piuhola Jarkko , Niemelä Matti , Laine Mika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to compare the hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of the SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3‐Ultra) with the SAPIEN 3 (S3) system in patients who underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF‐TAVR).BackgroundThe new balloon‐expandable S3‐Ultra system incorporates new features to reduce paravalvular leakage (PVL). However, the data after the S3‐Ultra implantation is very limited.MethodsA total of 282 consecutive patients who underwent TF‐TAVR with the S3‐Ultra and the S3 were evaluated. The primary outcome of this study was to compare the incidence of ≥mild PVL after the S3‐Ultra and S3 implantation.ResultsBetween June 2017 and November 2019, 141 patients with the S3‐Ultra and 141 patients with the S3 were identified with similar baseline and preprocedural imaging characteristics (mean age: 79.6 ± 6.7 years and mean aortic annulus area: 492.5 ± 91.2 mm2). In total, 83 patients (29.4%) were treated with 29‐mm valve. Predischarge echocardiography demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of ≥mild PVL (the total cohort: 7.2 vs. 22.3%, p < .001, and the cohort excluding 29‐mm valve: 4.0 vs. 21.4%, p = .03) for the S3‐Ultra. The S3‐Ultra system, especially 20‐, 23‐, and 26‐mm valve, was associated with significantly lower risk of ≥mild PVL compared with the S3 system in multivariate analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes at 30‐day between these groups, except for the lower incidence of major vascular complication (4.5 vs. 11.4%, p = .05) in patients with the S3‐Ultra.ConclusionsIn this registry, the S3‐Ultra system performed superiorly to the S3, as demonstrated by reduced ≥mild PVL, with comparable safety.