bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICD‐11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Cloitre Marylène , Hyland Philip , Bisson Jonathan I. , Brewin Chris R. , Roberts Neil P. , Karatzias Thanos , Shevlin Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the current prevalence rates of International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among the adult population of the United States and to identify characteristics and correlates associated with each disorder. A total of 7.2% of the sample met criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD, and the prevalence rates were 3.4% for PTSD and 3.8% for CPTSD. Women were more likely than men to meet criteria for both PTSD and CPTSD. Cumulative adulthood trauma was associated with both PTSD and CPTSD; however, cumulative childhood trauma was more strongly associated with CPTSD than PTSD. Among traumatic stressors occurring in childhood, sexual and physical abuse by caregivers were identified as events associated with risk for CPTSD, whereas sexual assault by noncaregivers and abduction were risk factors for PTSD. Adverse childhood events were associated with both PTSD and CPTSD, and equally so. Individuals with CPTSD reported substantially higher psychiatric burden and lower levels of psychological well‐being compared to those with PTSD and those with neither diagnosis.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity and Insomnia‐Related Sleep Disturbances: Longitudinal Associations in a Large, Gender‐Balanced Cohort of Combat‐Exposed Veterans
Authors: Rosen Raymond C. , Cikesh Bryanna , Fang Shona , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Seal Karen H. , Magnavita Ashley M. , Bovin Michelle J. , Green Jonathan D. , Bliwise Donald L. , Marx Brian P. , Keane Terence M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFew studies have investigated the range and severity of insomnia‐related sleep complaints among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the temporal association between insomnia and PTSD severity has yet to be examined. To examine these associations, a large, gender‐balanced cohort of veterans (N = 1,649) of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts participated in longitudinal assessments of PTSD and insomnia‐related symptoms over a period of 2.5 years following enrollment (range: 2–4 years). Data were obtained from multiple sources, including interviews, self‐report assessments, and electronic medical record data. Three‐fourths (74.0%) of veterans with PTSD diagnoses at Time 1 (T1) reported insomnia‐related sleep difficulties on at least half the nights during the past 30 days, and one‐third of participants had received a prescription for a sedative‐hypnotic drug in the past year. Veterans without PTSD had fewer sleep problems overall, although the prevalence of sleep problems was high among all study participants. In longitudinal, cross‐lagged panel models, the frequency of sleep problems at T1 independently predicted increases in PTSD severity at Time 2 (T2), B = 0.27, p < .001, after controlling for gender and relevant comorbidities. Conversely, T1 PTSD severity was associated with increasing sleep complaints at T2 but to a lesser degree, B = 0.04, p < .001. Moderately high rates of sedative‐hypnotic use were seen in veterans with PTSD, with more frequent use in women compared to men (40.4% vs. 35.0%). Sleep complaints were highly prevalent overall and highlight the need for increased clinical focus on this area.
Polytraumatization, Mental Health, and Delinquency Among Adolescent Gang Members
Authors: Nydegger Liesl A. , Quinn Katherine , Walsh Jennifer L. , Pacella‐LaBarbara Maria L. , Dickson‐Gomez Julia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdolescent gang members are at high risk for polytraumatization (i.e., experiencing two or more types of trauma), which may contribute to behavioral problems, such as delinquency or drug distribution, and mental health symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The present study examined the associations between polytraumatization and these behavioral and mental health outcomes. We hypothesized that increased polytraumatization would lead to increased (b) mental health symptoms, (b) delinquency, and (c) drug distribution. Participants included 441 adolescent gang members (57.8% male; age range: 14–19 years) from a midsized city in the Midwestern United States. A path model was used to test hypotheses. A total of 88.0% of participants experienced polytraumatization, such as physical and sexual assault, involvement in accidents, or witnessing a death or injury. Polytraumatization was uniquely and positively associated with depressive and PTSD symptoms, delinquency, and drug distribution, βs = .25–.50, ps < .001, explaining an additional 5.9%–22.5% of the variance in these outcomes beyond covariates. Untreated traumatic exposure among adolescent gang members may subsequently lead to poor behavioral and mental health outcomes. These results may inform prevention and intervention efforts focused on mental health and social justice among a high‐risk adolescent population.
The Incidence of Laryngotracheal Stenosis in Neonates With a History of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Lowery Anne Sun , Gelbard Alexander , Wootten Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisNeonatal patients requiring prolonged intubation are susceptible to both infection and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). This study investigated the effect of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) on the development of LTS in neonates.Study DesignRetrospective case–control study.MethodsThe incidence of LTS in neonates with VAP was compared with the incidence of LTS in matched intubated controls without VAP. Patients were treated at a tertiary‐care medical center from 2004 to 2014. Eligible patient records were assessed for the development of LTS. Demographics, medical comorbidities, infection characteristics, and treatment variables were compared using unpaired t test or χ2 test. Statistical significance was set a priori at P < .05.ResultsWhen comparing the VAP patients with matched non‐VAP controls, we found no significant differences in the incidence of LTS (VAP vs. non‐VAP, 8.3% vs. 6.7%; P = .73). In subgroup analysis of the VAP cohort, LTS and non‐LTS patients demonstrated similar VAP organisms on broncho‐alveolar lavage (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterobacter). Additionally, within the VAP cohort, LTS and non‐LTS patients showed similar gestational age (LTS vs. non‐LTS, 31.3 days vs. 28.1 days; P = .22), birth weight (LTS vs. non‐LTS, 1.6 kg vs. 1.2 kg; P = .33), and similar intubation duration (LTS vs. non‐LTS, 37.8 days vs. 27.5 days; P = .52).ConclusionsIn this neonatal cohort, VAP was not associated with an increased incidence of LTS. Given severity of the burden of LTS on the healthcare system, multi‐institutional longitudinal investigation into contributing risk factors for neonatal LTS is warranted.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2252–2255, 2020
Informed consent within a learning health system: A scoping review
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Barton Adrien , Dault Roxanne , Cloutier Anne‐Marie , Jalbert Rosalie , Ethier Jean‐François 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionA major consideration for the implementation of a learning health system (LHS) is consent from participants to the use of their data for research purposes. The main objective of this paper was to identify in the literature which types of consent have been proposed for participation in research observational activities in a LHS. We were particularly interested in understanding which approaches were seen as most feasible and acceptable and in which context, in order to inform the development of a Quebec‐based LHS.MethodsUsing a scoping review methodology, we searched scientific and legal databases as well as the gray literature using specific terms. Full‐text articles were reviewed independently by two authors on the basis of the following concepts: (a) LHS and (b) approach to consent. The selected papers were imported in NVivo software for analysis in the light of a conceptual framework that distinguishes various, largely independent dimensions of consent.ResultsA total of 93 publications were analysed for this review. Several studies reach opposing conclusions concerning the best approach to consent within a LHS. However, in the light of the conceptual framework we developed, we found that many of these results are distorted by the conflation between various characteristics of consent. Thus, when these characteristics are distinguished, the results mainly suggest the prime importance of the communication process, by contrast to the scope of consent or the kind of action required by participants (opt‐in/opt‐out). We identified two models of consent that were especially relevant for our purpose: metaconsent and dynamic consent.ConclusionsOur review shows the importance of distinguishing carefully the various features of the consent process. It also suggests that the metaconsent model is a valuable model within a LHS, as it addresses many of the issues raised with regards to feasibility and acceptability. We propose to complement this model by adding the modalities of the information process to the dimensions relevant in the metaconsent process.
Effect of Photocrosslinking of D‐A Thiophene Copolymers on the Performance of Single‐Material Solar Cells
Authors: Lanzi Massimiliano , Salatelli Elisabetta , Marinelli Martina , Pierini Filippo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSide‐chain C60‐fullerene functionalized alkylthiophene copolymers with different regioregularity and fullerene content are successfully synthesized using a simple and straightforward post‐polymerization functionalization procedure based on a Grignard coupling reaction. The products are employed as single materials in photoactive layers of organic photovoltaic solar cells. The use of double‐cable polymers allows an enhanced control on the nanomorphology of the active blend, reducing the phase‐segregation phenomena as well as the macroscale separation between the electron acceptor and donor components. With the insertion of a thin layer of gold nanoparticles between buffer and active layer of the cells, a conversion efficiency of 5.68% is obtained. Moreover, an increased stability over time is achieved when the copolymers are photocrosslinked immediately after the annealing procedure, leading to acceptable efficiencies even after 80 h of accelerated ageing, a key feature for widespread applicability of the prepared devices.
Boycott them! No, boycott this! Do choice overload and small‐agent rationalization inhibit the signing of anti‐consumption petitions?
Authors: Yuksel Ulku , Thai Nguyen T. , Lee Michael S. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Internet and social media have increased the number of organizations and individuals asking consumers to sign petitions against transgressing brands. This raises a question as to whether such increases in requests to sign a petition to support a boycott positively or negatively impact on consumer willingness to enact anti‐consumption. Via experiments, this study investigates the effect that choice overload has on consumers signing a petition in support of a boycott call. The findings establish that individuals who need to make a choice from numerous boycott calls (i.e., large choice‐sets) are less likely to sign a petition to support a boycott than individuals making a similar choice from a small number of boycott calls (i.e., small choice‐sets). The study further introduces a mediator that explains this effect. Compared with individuals facing a small choice‐set, those facing numerous options are more likely to experience the small‐agent rationalization, and thus, are less likely to sign the petition to support a boycott. The small‐agent rationalization (SAR) relates to one's acceptance of inequity in the world as well as perceptions of their own powerlessness. The study establishes the role of choice overload in boycott literature and empirically tests SAR as the process mechanism. Theoretical, practical, and policy implications are discussed.
Cerebellar Deep Brain Stimulation for Acquired Hemidystonia
Authors: Brown Ethan G. , Bledsoe Ian O. , Luthra Nijee S. , Miocinovic Svjetlana , Starr Philip A. , Ostrem Jill L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cerebellum's role in dystonia is increasingly recognized. Dystonia can be a disabling and refractory condition; deep brain stimulation can help many patients, but it is traditionally less effective in acquired dystonia. New surgical targets would be instrumental in providing treatment options and understanding dystonia further.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the cerebellum in acquired dystonia.MethodsWe report our management of a 37‐year‐old woman with severe left arm and leg dystonia, a complication of an ischemic stroke in childhood. She had already had 2 thalamotomies with only transient benefit. These procedures, in addition to her initial stroke that had damaged the basal ganglia, left traditional deep brain stimulation targets unavailable.ResultsAfter implantation of bilateral deep cerebellar nuclei, dystonia improved with a 40% reduction in severity on scales and subjective reports of improved posturing, gait, and pain. This improvement has been maintained for almost 2 years after implantation.ConclusionCerebellar stimulation has potential for therapeutic benefit in acquired dystonia and should be further explored.
Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Insulin Resistance and Re‐Supplementation Attenuates Hepatic Glucose Output via the PI3K‐AKT‐FOXO1 Mediated Pathway
Authors: Mutt Shivaprakash Jagalur , Raza Ghulam Shere , Mäkinen Markus J , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Herzig Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPandemic vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation has been reported to have improved glucose homeostasis. However, its mechanism to improve insulin sensitivity remains unclear.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J mice are fed with/without vitamin D control (CD) or Western (WD) diets for 15 weeks. The vitamin‐D‐deficient lean (CDVDD) and obese (WDVDD) mice are further subdivided into two groups. One group is re‐supplemented with vitamin D for 6 weeks and hepatic insulin signaling is examined. Both CD and WD mice with vitamin D deficiency developed insulin resistance. Vitamin D supplementation in CDVDD mice significantly improved insulin sensitivity, hepatic inflammation, and antioxidative capacity. The hepatic insulin signals like pAKT, pFOXO1, and pGSK3β are increased and the downstream Pepck, G6pase, and Pgc1α are reduced. Furthermore, the lipogenic genes Srebp1c, Acc, and Fasn are decreased, indicating that hepatic lipid accumulation is inhibited.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency induces insulin resistance. Its supplementation has significant beneficial effects on pathophysiological mechanisms in type 2 diabetes but only in lean and not in the obese phenotype. The increased subacute inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity cannot be significantly alleviated by vitamin D supplementation. This needs to be taken into consideration in the design of new clinical trials.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of brown and beige adipose tissues
Authors: Yaligar Jadegoud , Verma Sanjay Kumar , Gopalan Venkatesh , Anantharaj Rengaraj , Thu Le Giang Thi , Kaur Kavita , Mallilankaraman Karthik , Leow MK , Velan SS 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe vascular blood flow in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for handling triglyceride clearance, increased blood flow and oxygenation. We used dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and fat fraction (FF) imaging for investigating vascular perfusion kinetics in brown and beige adipose tissues with cold exposure or treatment with β3‐adrenergic agonist.MethodsFF imaging and DCE‐MRI using gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were performed in interscapular BAT (iBAT) and beige tissues using male Wister rats (n = 38). Imaging was performed at thermoneutral condition and with either cold exposure, treatment with pharmacological agent CL‐316,243, or saline. DCE‐MRI and FF data were co‐registered to enhance the understanding of metabolic activity.ResultsUptake of contrast agent in activated iBAT and beige tissues were significantly (P < .05) higher than nonactivated iBAT. The Ktrans and kep increased significantly in iBAT and beige tissues after treatment with either cold exposure or β3‐adrenergic agonist. The FF decreased in activated iBAT and beige tissues. The Ktrans and FF from iBAT and beige tissues were inversely correlated (r = 0.97; r = 0.94). Significant increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and Ktrans in activated iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the increased vasculature and vascular perfusion kinetics. The iBAT and beige tissues were validated by measuring molecular markers.ConclusionIncreased Ktrans and decreased FF in iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the vascular perfusion kinetics facilitating the clearance of free fatty acids. The methodology can be extended for the screening of browning agents.
Framing contests in global NGO networks: How controversies enable and challenge collaboration and action
Authors: Pesqueira Luli , Glasbergen Pieter , Leroy Pieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn multistakeholder sustainability initiatives, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) need not only to negotiate with actors from other sectors, but also with other NGOs. Taking a framing perspective, this study examines how NGOs engage in framing contests because of their collaborative attitude toward the private sector. Through an analysis of Oxfam's participation in the Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogues, the paper examines the interplay between NGOs that propose and oppose certification as a viable strategy for ensuring sustainability in the farmed shrimp sector. The results show that controversies among NGO groups related prognostic framing (i.e., regarding the proposed solution to a problem) are characterized by specific ontological and normative attributes. The paper offers NGOs strategies for dealing with such controversies and shows that, depending on the nature of the controversy, engaging in framing contests might enlarge or constrain the roles that an NGO is able to play in a multistakeholder setting, particularly, when it comes to preserving its independence while securing interdependence with others.
Optimal control of HIV treatment and immunotherapy combination with state and control delays
Authors: Silva Cristiana J. , Maurer Helmut 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose and analyze an optimal control problem where human immunodeficiency virus treatment and immunotherapy are described by two control functions that are subject to time delays representing pharmacological and absorption delays, respectively. The goal is to propose effective optimal control solutions for the combination of human immunodeficiency virus treatment and immunotherapy, ensuring a functional behavior of the immune system. The incubation period is mathematically represented by a time delay in the virus load, and the local asymptotic and Hopf bifurcation analysis of the CTL‐equilibrium point of the uncontrolled delayed system is studied. We obtain optimal controls of bang‐singular type both for the nondelayed and delayed optimal control problem with and without state constraints. We study boundary arcs of state constraints and junction properties of the control and adjoint variables at entry and exit points of boundary arcs. Moreover, we derive an explicit formula of the multiplier associated with the state constraint.
The mediating effect of Internet gaming disorder's symptoms on loneliness and aggression among undergraduate students and working adults in Malaysia
Authors: T'ng Soo Ting , Ho Khee Hoong , Sim Da En , Yu Cher Hoe , Wong Poh Yin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInsufficient attention has been given to the integration of the mediating effect of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms on loneliness and four components of aggression—physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility—in the Malaysian context. In the present study, 410 participants with (a) at least 1 year of Internet gaming experience and (b) between ages 20– to 39 years were recruited using the probability proportional to size sampling method. Participants were undergraduate students and working adults. Self‐reported questionnaires (the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire) were used. The present study found that loneliness positively predicted four components of aggression (i.e., anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) and symptoms of IGD. Relationships between loneliness and the four components of aggression were partially mediated by IGD symptoms. The present study enriches and consolidates existing empirical evidence, particularly in the Malaysian context. If the mediating effect is not emphasized, it may lead to spurious conclusions that can significantly diminish the effectiveness of interventions that are meant to manage aggression.
The use of natural language processing to identify vaccine‐related anaphylaxis at five health care systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
Authors: Yu Wei , Zheng Chengyi , Xie Fagen , Chen Wansu , Mercado Cheryl , Sy Lina S. , Qian Lei , Glenn Sungching , Tseng Hung F. , Lee Gina , Duffy Jonathan , McNeil Michael M. , Daley Matthew F. , Crane Brad , McLean Huong Q. , Jackson Lisa A. , Jacobsen Steven J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to identify vaccine‐related anaphylaxis from plain‐text clinical notes, and to implement the algorithm at five health care systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.MethodsThe NLP algorithm was developed using an internal NLP tool and training dataset of 311 potential anaphylaxis cases from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC). We applied the algorithm to the notes of another 731 potential cases (423 from KPSC; 308 from other sites) with relevant codes (ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis codes for anaphylaxis, vaccine adverse reactions, and allergic reactions; Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes for epinephrine administration). NLP results were compared against a reference standard of chart reviewed and adjudicated cases. The algorithm was then separately applied to the notes of 6 427 359 KPSC vaccination visits (9 402 194 vaccine doses) without relevant codes.ResultsAt KPSC, NLP identified 12 of 16 true vaccine‐related cases and achieved a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 98.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.7%, and negative predictive value of 99.0% when applied to notes of patients with relevant diagnosis codes. NLP did not identify the five true cases at other sites. When NLP was applied to the notes of KPSC patients without relevant codes, it captured eight additional true cases confirmed by chart review and adjudication.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated the potential to apply rule‐based NLP algorithms to clinical notes to identify anaphylaxis cases. Increasing the size of training data, including clinical notes from all participating study sites in the training data, and preprocessing the clinical notes to handle special characters could improve the performance of the NLP algorithms. We recommend adding an NLP process followed by manual chart review in future vaccine safety studies to improve sensitivity and efficiency.