bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA: MANEJO DO HIPOTIREODISMO NA GESTAÇÃO
Authors: De Oliveira Blanch Faria , Da Silveira Bianca Motta , Alonso Marcela Lordello , Da Silva Joyce Barreto 
Published: May 2020

O objetivo dessa revisão é destacar a importância do tratamento do hipotireoidismo nas gestantes, visando evitar complicações maternas e neonatais, como por exemplo, o parto prematuro, restrição do crescimento intrauterino, comprometimento neurocognitivo fetal e descolamento de placenta. A causa maior causa de hipotireoidismo na gestação é a tireoidite crônica auto-imune, conhecida como tireoidite de Hashimoto. Outras causas são terapias realizadas com radioiodo previamente e tireoidectomia. Já o hipotireoidismo hipofisário é raro durante a gestação. Em áreas endêmicas, a deficiência de iodo atinge cerca de 1,2 bilhão de pessoas. O hipotireoidismo é definido pelo aumento dos níveis de TSH e pela redução do T4 livre. Em grupos de mulheres que apresentam maior risco para desenvolver esta doença, a dosagem de TSH e T4 livre deve ser realizada na primeira consulta do pré-natal, visando o bem estar materno e fetal. O tratamento deve ser feito na gestação com considerações especiais, pois podem acarretar danos ao feto e a mãe.
Role of Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Atherosclerosis and in Central Hemodynamics
Authors: Ferreira Joana , Cunha Pedro , Mansilha Armando , Cunha Cristina , Silva Cristina , Vila Isabel , Carneiro Alexandre , Mesquita Amílcar , Cotter Jorge 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Carotid Arterial Disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are atherosclerotic diseases. Adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) are endocrine organs producing polypeptides with vascular effects. The main objective of this study is to characterize the AT and SM in PAD and CAD. It is also an aim to determine their role in central hemodynamics.

Methods
A prospective, observational, case–control study is being conducted. The study group includes patients with PAD/CAD, with and without surgical indication. The control group includes subjects without PAD/CAD, with indication for elective non-vascular surgery, in order to allow access to samples of AT and SM. The quantity, histology and endocrine function of AT and SM are being determined.

Results
From December 2018 to August 2019, 47 PAD were studied: 33 with Intermittent Claudication (IC) - (28 male; age: 67.24 ± 9.97 years) and 14 Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) - (seven male; age: 69.21 ± 8.33 years). CLI patients have a lower quantity of SM and higher quantity of visceral and subcutaneous AT, determined on the CT scan, but these differences were not statistically significant. CLI had significant lower SM strength and density [muscle strength right hand: 22.62 ± 8.20 kgf IC vs. 16.38 ± 7.84 kgf CLI, p = 0,02; SM strength left hand: 21.98 ± 8.98 kgf IC vs. 16.37 ± 8.35 kgf CLI, p = 0.04; SM density: 20.44 ± 11.73 Hounsfield Units (HU) IC vs. 9.04 ± 2.47 HU CLI, p = 0.01].

Conclusion
This preliminary data suggests that CLI patients could have a SM dysfunction, inferred from hand grip strength and SM density. These results would be corroborated with the project development. The novelty of this research is the possibility to study the histology features and endocrine markers of AT and SM and to find an association with artery function, arteriosclerosis an atherosclerosis, in human.
VolcDeGas: A program for modelling hydrogen isotope fractionation during degassing of rhyolitic melts
Authors: Walter Sebastian , Castro Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Magma degassing mechanisms are key determinants of explosive and effusive eruption styles. Paired measurements of H2O content and hydrogen isotopic ratios (e.g., δD) in pyroclastic and effusive products can elucidate end-member degassing mechanisms (e.g. closed and open system) during eruption. Here we present VolcDeGas, a MatLab program that models δD-H2O degassing trajectories of rhyolitic magma. Operating within an intuitive GUI, VolcDeGas calculates degassing paths based on: initial δD (in ‰), the H2O content of the melt (wt.%), degassing step size, and temperature. VolcDeGas also calculates hydrous speciation based on either empirical models or analytical data, and incorporates this effect in simulations. VolcDeGas solves open-, closed-, and batched-system fractionation equations, and also combines these into multi-stage (e.g. closed-to-open) degassing paths. Tests show that degassing is highly sensitive to step size, and multi-stage scenarios involving progressively declining steps (e.g. batched-system) provide the best statistical fit to pyroclastic and effusive obsidian geochemical datasets.
Percepción de la Pandemia COVID-19 en los Servicios de Cirugía en Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Castrillón Carlos E. , Cortés Natalia , Rey Samuel , Pineda Manuela , Díaz-Castrillón Juan F. , Sierra Tobón Sara 
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha llevado a modificar la estructura asistencial en los hospitales alrededor del mundo, buscando la mejor forma de adaptarse para responder al incremento de pacientes infectados por el virus, sin desantender las necesidades de los pacientes no afectados por el mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la percepción de la comunidad quirúrgica sobre el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia COVID-19 en los servicios de cirugía en Colombia.
Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo mediante encuesta estructurada compuesta por 10 preguntas de selección múltiple y 8 preguntas con items tipo Likert. Se distribuyó electrónicamente a residentes de cirugía general, cirujanos generales o sub-especialistas que tuvieran práctica clínica en Colombia.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 464 participantes, 27.8 % fueron mujeres y 45.3 % cirujanos generales. Alrededor de la mitad residían en Bogotá (51.4 %) o trabajaban en un hospital universitario privado (48.3 %). El 78.8% de los encuestados consideraron que las recomendaciones de seguridad son efectivas y 76.6% se sienten seguros realizando procedimientos con ellas. Sin embargo, el 63% consideran que estas se cumplen parcialmente. Hasta el momento, 20% de los participantes reportó haber tenido contacto directo con pacientes COVID-19 positivos. Finalmente, la mayoría (93%) estan de acuerdo con la cancelación de procedimientos electivos y estan dispuestos a ser reubicados en otros servicios en caso de ser necesario.
Conclusiones. Para el inicio de la fase de mitigación en Colombia existe consenso en la percepción del impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los servicios de cirugía. No se observó una variabilidad significativa respecto al nivel de entrenamiento ni al tipo institución hospitalaria.
Analysis Of Protein Levels With Giving Kelor Leaf Extract (Moringa Oleifera) On Soy Milk
Authors: Atmaja Fajar Nur 
Published: May 2020

Soy milk is a beverage product that is currently being favored by the people of Indonesia, to increase the protein content in soy milk needs to be substituted for other ingredients using Moringa Oleifera leaf extract. The purpose of this study was to analyze the organoleptic acceptability of soy milk by giving Moringa Oleifera leaf extract.
This research is quantitative research with experimental research design using the True Experiment research method. This research was conducted in December 2018 until February 2019 at the Food Quality and Safety Testing Laboratory of the Agricultural Product Technology Department of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya Malang to test the protein content while the Organoleptic Test was carried out at STIKeS Satria Bhakti Nganjuk. The sample size is 20 panelists. The independent variable in this study was Moringa leaf extract while the protein content of soy milk. Data was collected using an organoleptic sensory test assessment table and a protein content test sheet using the Kjeldahl method. Data were analyzed using ANNOVA test with the results of H0 rejected and H1 accepted with a significant value <0.05
The results of ANOVA analysis get F count value of 105,405 and F table for testing 20 samples to get F table 4.35. So that it can be concluded that the addition of Moringa leaf extract 0% to 10% Significant and simultaneous organoleptic.
Addition of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract to soy milk affected organoleptic acceptability and increased protein content of soy milk in accordance with the percentage of Moringa leaf extract levels added.
Hypertension Factors Analysis of the Denkeslap Kesdam V/Brawijaya Malang
Authors: Mustofa Endri 
Published: May 2020

Hypertension is a degenerative disease which is a serious problem nowadays. Hypertension is categorized as the silent disease or the silent killer because the sufferer does not know he has hypertension or does not know before checking his blood pressure. The aim of this study was to find out the factors that affected hypertension of the Indonesian Army, Denkeslap Kesdam V / Brawijaya Malang. The research was conducted on 11-14 November 2018 at DENKESLAP Kesdam V / Brawijaya Malang, Observational study design with cross sectional approach. The total population is 65 people and a sample of 56 people with a random sampling technique. Data collection of independent variables and dependent variables by means of observations and questionnaires. Data analysis using logistic regression test. Based on the results of the logistic regression test, the stress variable p value is 0.027; anxiety 0.033 and sleep pattern 0.39 at α: 0.05, the incidence of hypertension is significantly affected by stress, anxiety and sleep patterns. The dominant factors affecting hypertension are stress. Stress is a condition or condition of the body that is disturbed due to psychological stress. The relationship between stress and the incidence of hypertension occurs through sympathetic nerve activity. Increased nerves can increase blood pressure intermittently (erratic). So that prolonged stress can result in high sedentary blood pressure. Stress will increase peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output so it will stimulate sympathetic nerve activity. Soldiers are advised to adopt a healthy lifestyle, exercise and maintain a diet, avoiding things that can become stressors so as to minimize hypertension
The Ceramics of Singkawang: Dayak Kanayatnâ€™s Cultural Perceptions in Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Pranoto Iwan , Siahaan Vitta Diana , Triyanto Triyanto , Rohidi Tjetjep Rohendi 
Published: May 2020

This study examines the cultural perceptions of Dayak Kanayatn community on Singkawang ceramics. The scope of the problem includes, aesthetic, community perception, and ceramics function based on cultural perception. The research location was in Sebetuk, Antan Rayan Village, Ngabang District, Landak Regency, Kalimantan Barat. A qualitative design in the form of case studies was used. Data were gathered using observation, interviews, and documents. The findings of this study overall proved that Singkawang ceramics owned by Dayak Kanayatn community influenced by Chinese culture as seen on bokoâ€™o, siam, jampa, tajau, karokot, siton, twakag baâ€™butuh, banyanyi, karere, balangkas, oncok tabu, plate variants, tetek ijo. Dayak Kanayatn community believe on ceramics as an incarnation of the ancestors and referred as a tangah symbolized by the variety of decoration and form. The ceramics are used by the community as media for several activities as well on law regulations and are considered as a link between humans and ancestral spirits of the Dayak Kanayatn tribe.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZES AND CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER SEDIMENT ON EPIPELIC DIATOM ABUNDANCE IN BAYUR BAY WATERS OF WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Benni  , Husein Siregar Sofyan , Nurachmi Irvina 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the water quality, the particle size (mm) and the organic matter content sediment, the type and abundance of epipelic diatoms, and the effect of particle size and organic matter content of the sediment on the abundance of epipelic diatoms at Bayur Bay Waters. This study was conducted in June - July 2019. The survey method was applied in this study and sampling location determine by purposive sampling. The resullt of measurement of water quality parameter ranged salinity 29 ‰ - 34 ‰, pH 7-8, current speed of 0,10 m/s – 0,53 m/s, temperature 30,330C - 31,670C. The sediment types are grouped into four types, namely gravel, sandy gravel, gravelly sand, and sand. The average of particle size (Mz) ranged -1,37 Ø - 0,80 Ø. The organic matter on sediment ranged 2,46% -6,36%. Eleven species of epipelic diatoms was recorded namely Amphora sp, Cocconeis sp, Diploineis sp, Halamphora sp, Melosira sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Pinnularia sp, Stephanodiscus sp, Isthmia sp and Synedra sp. The average value of abundance range 2.836 – 10.812 ind/cm2. Epipelik diatom abundance was not significantly different between the stations. The effect of sediment particle size on the abundance of epipelic diatoms by 34,37%. The effect of content of organic matter sediment on abundance of epipelic diatoms in Bayur Bay Waters by 51,78%.
Clinical Profile and Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings of Patients Presenting with Liver Cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Chaudhary Shatdal , Jaiswal Niraj Kumar , Shahi Aakash , Chhetri Pradip 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a common problem faced by physicians worldwide and is also responsible for 11th most common cause of death globally. Data regarding prevalence of esophageal varices and other upper gastrointestinal changes in patients with liver cirrhosis is scare in Nepal. So this study was carried out to find clinical profile and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings of patients presenting with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational hospital based study conducted in the department of internal medicine and endoscopy unit of the Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal. The study was done from 21 February 2019 to 20 November 2019 in the patients presented with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Sample size of 80±10 was calculated based on the statistics of previous data. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all the patients. The data was collected using the predesigned pro-forma.
Results: Total 89 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled with mean age of 51.84±12.26 years and male: female ratio of 3.68:1. As per Child Pugh classification (CTP) 45 patients (51%) were in Class C, 33 patients (37%) were in Class B and 11 patients (12%) were in Class A. Esophageal varices were present in 51 (57.3%) patients. According to Westaby classification grade I esophageal varices were seen in 17 (19.1%), grade II esophageal varices were seen in 26 (29.2%), grade III esophageal varices were seen in 8 (8.9%) patients. Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) was seen in 64 (71%) patients. The association between esophageal varices and PHG grade was found statistically significant (P= <0.001).
Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis was more commonly seen in middle age males. Esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy were common endoscopic findings present in patients with liver cirrhosis. There was statistically significant association between esophageal varices and PHG.
Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak
Authors: Amgain Kapil , Neupane Sujana , Panthi Laxmi , Thapaliya Pooja 
Published: May 2020

Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the COVID-19 Virus. This virus belongs to the family of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and classified as SARS-CoV-2, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The outbreak of this novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) is causing great fear in public due to its rapid spread over 200 countries worldwide and created a global Public Health Emergency. The virus is an intracellular obligatory parasite that can even infect bacteria called Bacteriophage. Unlike Bacteria, Virus is not a living microorganism and can’t multiply in the outer environment. If we draw a line in between the living and non-living, it lies in the border3. However, the peculiar characteristic of the virus is that it can be living after entering the body of the living organism, causing harmful effects. Since it behaves like dust or dirt outside of our body, it is better to wash them out and prevent it to enter our bodies. In this way, the best way of prevention of this novel COVID-19 viral disease is to wash it out from our hand, rather than killing it by using a disinfectant, hand sanitizer, alcohol-based rub, etc.
Key Message: Don’t Get the Virus, Don’t Give the Virus. Since COVID-19 Virus can enter the body from the reservoir mainly through respiratory droplets during coughing, keeping social distance and proper hand-washing are the best way to preventive measure. To prevent the rapid spreading of COVID-19, please strictly follow the following five precautionary and preventive measures yourself and ask others too.
HANDS – wash them often with soap and water
ELBOW – cough into it
FACE – don’t touch it
SPACE – keep social distance (> 3feets)
FEEL SICK? - Stay home (with proper nursing care)
Indications for Caesarean Section and its Fetal and Maternal Outcome in a Teaching Hospital, Province Five, Nepal
Authors: Panth Asha , Bhattarai Saraswoti Kumari Gautam , Acharya Sunita 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cesarean section (CS) is an operative technique by which a fetus is delivered through an abdominal and uterine incision and is effective in saving maternal and infant lives but caesarean section rates higher than 10% are not associated with reductions in maternal and newborn mortality rates. The objective of the study was to find out the indications for caesarean section and its fetal and maternal outcomes in a Teaching Hospital, Province Five, Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital, Nepal. A total of 150 purposively selected postnatal mothers after caesarean section were interviewed by face to face technique using a structured interview schedule. Analysis and interpretation of the findings were done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study shows that the majority (93.3%) of mothers had undergone an emergency caesarean section and the majority (92%) had maternal indications for caesarean section. Among them, one third had a previous caesarean section followed by 14.5% obstructed labor. Fetal indications include breach (44.4%), fetal distress (29.6%), big baby (11.1) and twins and triplets (3.7%). Only (10.7%) had an unfavorable fetal outcome which includes the need for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (31.2%) followed by neonatal death (25%). Only three mothers (2%) had an unfavorable maternal outcome which includes Post-Partum Hemorrhage (PPH); need for blood transfusion and fever respectively. There is no statistically significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and type of caesarean section. There is a statistically significant association between the previous history of caesarean section and type of caesarean section (P= .005).
Conclusions: Previous caesarean section was the most common indication for caesarean section. Unfavorable outcome after caesarean section was considerably present which needs to be addressed.
Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Methods among Married Women of Reproductive Age of Chepang Community of Dhading District
Authors: Panta Prem Prasad , Tripathi Prativa , Amgain Kapil , Sharma Deepak 
Published: May 2020

Background: Knowledge of family planning plays a significant role in public health to control birth and maintain the health of women. The Chepang, a backward and deprived indigenous group of Nepal, heavily experiences teenage pregnancies, high fertility and high mortality of infants and mothers, which are largely due to lack of knowledge on family planning. So, the objective of this study was to find knowledge and practice regarding family planning among married women of reproductive age.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among married women of the Chepang community, Benighat, Dhadnig, Nepal from September 2016 to November 2016. A simple random probability sampling technique was used to collect 80 respondents.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was (30.7 ± 7) years, ranging from 17 to 47, with majority being 25-29 years.. The average marital age, and average age at first pregnancy were (16.7 ± 2) years and (17.7 ± 2.33) years respectively. Ninety-two percent of the respondents were aware of family planning. The major sources of information were health workers (79.2%) and radio/television (57.1%). The most known methods of contraception were Depo- provera (87.3%) and pills (85.7%), whereas least known methods were copper T (31%) and Norplant (31%). The contraceptive prevalence was 49.9%, among which pills and Depo provera were used maximum by the respondents (41.1%). One third (33.8%) of the respondents had the adequate knowledge. Education, spousal communication, current contraceptive users, married age, number of children, and age at first pregnancy were the significant factors affecting the knowledge and practice of family planning (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Literacy status, spousal communication, marital age, size of children, and age at first pregnancy are the associated factors of knowledge. Whereas, practicing of family planning was associated to cultural taboos, self-decision, literacy status, and spousal communication.
Seasonal Variation of Appendicitis in High Altitude Region of Nepal: Five years’ Experience of a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Menyangbo Suryaman , Bhatta Gakul , Devkota Harihar , Neupane Manik , Rokaya Poojan , Panta Prem Prasad 
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common general surgical disease, worldwide. The exact etiology is still in conjecture. However, the inadequate fiber in diet, smoking, mechanical obstruction in appendiceal lumen, has been attributed as factors for appendicitis. Appendicitis presents throughout months of the year, however, incidence increases in particular months. The objective of this study is to observe the appendicitis incidence variation with months of the year in high altitude region of Nepal.
Methods: The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla situated at the altitude above 2500 m from sea level. The clinical data were retrieved from the hospital record book in the Operation Theater that included age, gender, ethnicity, month of the appendectomy executed, pre-operative clinical presentation, and operative findings. The period of study was from July 2014 to March 2020. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel software and descriptive analysis was done to get mean, median percentage, standard deviation by SPSS 16.
Results: A total of 119 appendectomies performed during 5 years period, from 2014 to 2020, in the surgery department of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences were recorded. The mean age of appendectomy was 27 years. There were 53% female (n=64) and 46% male (n=55) patients. The months in which the highest appendectomy executed were July/August/September and February with 16% (n=19), 13.4% (n=16), (n=15) 12.6% and 13.4% (n=16) respectively. The lowest incidence was 1.7% in the month of April.
Conclusion: The incidence of appendicitis is high in the months from July to September with the lowest incidence is in the months of April and May. This information could be useful to decrease the disease-associated morbidity and mortality as well as it can be useful for hospital administration for enrolling the needed health-workers in those particular time periods.