bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic methods development for clinical practice: requirements and limitations
Authors: Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Melichar Bohuslav , Švec František 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Development of a chromatographic method in bioanalysis is a challenging and complex procedure with many pitfalls and often unexpected reversals that can require several months to accomplish. Even an experienced analytical team must contend many limitations mainly in connection with the strict requirements imposed on current clinical research. These restrictions typically persist throughout the whole development process, from clinical trial assignment, across optimization of extraction of biological materials and chromatographic separation, to validation and data interpretation. This paper describes questions and their possible answers raised during the pre-analytical phase such as use of modern sample preparation techniques in clinical methods, application of internal standards, as well as selection of stationary phases and detection techniques in the analytical phase. Validation problems and interpretation of results are demonstrated with three typical examples of characteristics to be considered, i.e. recovery, matrix effect, and limit of detection vs. lower limit of quantification.
Using the NAM diagnostic process framework to teach clinical reasoning in computerized case presentations to 251 medical students
Authors: Covin Yvonne , Longo Palma , Wick Neda , Gavinski Katherine , Barker Blake , Wagner Jim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Explicit education on diagnostic reasoning is underrepresented relative to the burden of diagnostic errors. Medical educators report curricular time is a major barrier to implementing new curricula. The authors propose using concise student-identified educational opportunities -- differential diagnosis and summary statement writing -- to justify curriculum development in diagnostic reasoning.

Methods
Eighteen clerkship and 235 preclinical medical students participated in a 1 h computerized case presentation and facilitated discussion. Students were surveyed on their attitudes toward the case.

Results
All 18 (100% response) clerkship students and 121 of the 235 preclinical students completed the survey. Students felt the module was effective and relevant. They proposed medical schools consider longitudinal computerized case presentations as an educational strategy.

Conclusions
A computerized case presentation is a concise instructional strategy to teach critical points in diagnosis to clerkship and preclinical medical students.
Re-thinking morbidity and mortality
Authors: Abraham Sumner , Parsons Andrew , Uthlaut Brian , Plews-Ogan Peggy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite the breadth of patient safety initiatives, physicians talking about their mistakes to other physicians is a difficult thing to do. This difficulty may be exacerbated by a limited exposure to how to analyze and discuss mistakes and respond in a productive way. At the University of Virginia, we recognized the importance of understanding cognitive biases for residents in both their clinical and personal professional development. We re-designed our resident led morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference using a model that integrates dual-process theory and metacognition to promote informed reflection and analysis of cognitive diagnostic errors. We believe that structuring M&M in this way builds a culture that encourages reflection together to learn our most difficult diagnostic errors and to engage in where our thought processes went wrong. In slowly building this culture, we hope to inoculate residents with the habits of mind that can best protect them from harmful biases in their clinical reasoning while instilling a culture of self-reflection.
Grimms Volksmärchen in Lotte Reinigers filmkünstlerischer Arbeit
Authors: Małyszek Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm zwanzigsten Jahrhundert war das Volksmärchen vor allem deshalb weiterhin eine sehr produktive Gattung, weil es sich im Medium des Films ausbreitete und sich damit zugleich auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche Diskurse bezog. Das geschah zunächst durch Trick- und Animationsfilme. Als Pionierin des Trickfilms war Lotte Reiniger diejenige Regisseurin, die das alte Ideal der Natur- und Volkspoesie kreativ transformiert und gesellschaftlich aktualisiert hat. Sie stilisierte Grimms Märchen zu autonomen Silhouettenfilmen. Ihr außerordentlicher Erfolg beendete eine Tradition, nach der das Märchen zuallererst von literarischer und erzählerischer Lebendigkeit der Kultur zeugte. Die Aktualisierung alter Stoffe gelang Reiniger einerseits vor dem Hintergrund des Mentalitätswandelns nach dem Ersten und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, andererseits aufgrund neuer technischer Möglichkeiten.
Günter Grass und das romantische Märchen
Authors: Ossowski Mirosław 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz thematisiert den Einfluss der Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm, aber auch der Märchen von Hans Christian Andersen auf das literarische und künstlerische Werk von Günter Grass. Die Analyse umfasst die stilistischen Mittel in Die Blechtrommel sowie die Rolle und die Präsenz der Märchenmotive in Der Butt, Die Rättin und Grimms Wörter sowie in anderen künstlerischen Arbeiten.
Sozialpolitik for Future
Authors: Fritz Martin , Bohnenberger Katharina 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungKlimagerechtigkeit heißt, den Umgang mit den Ursachen, Folgen und Kosten des menschengemachten Klimawandels zu regeln, ohne dabei bestimmte soziale Gruppen zu benachteiligen. Dazu gibt es Vorstellungen von einer gerechten Verteilung und Prinzipien für das richtige Handeln. Aber wie lässt sich Klimagerechtigkeit mit konkreten politischen Maßnahmen erreichen? In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass eine nachhaltige Sozialpolitik, in der soziale Gerechtigkeit und Klimaschutz zusammengebracht werden, die dazu nötigen vielfältigen sozialökologischen Maßnahmen und Instrumente zur Verfügung stellt. Wir zeichnen zunächst kurz die Entstehung der Klimagerechtigkeitsbewegung im Kontext der globalen Umweltpolitik nach und diskutieren die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zum Konzept der nachhaltigen Sozialpolitik. Anschließend unterbreiten wir Vorschläge, wie z. B. durch die Einführung einer sozialökologischen Steuerreform, von Klimasozialversicherungen und anderen Instrumenten nachhaltige Sozialpolitik in der Praxis gestaltet werden kann.
Does retail trading matter to price discovery?
Authors: Chen Tao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The diminishing importance of retail investors and the institutionalization of markets are arguably a result of the general perception that individuals are not well informed and, hence, are better off using professional services (Davis, 2009). However, this paper provides evidence supporting the opposite. Using a global sample, we examine whether retail trading is informative around the world. Overall, retail investors are documented to enhance price efficiency by trading in the same direction as permanent price changes, contributing 24.8 % to price discovery, and accelerating the information from both scheduled and unscheduled news to be impounded into prices.
Thermal characteristics of birch and its cellulose and hemicelluloses isolated by alkaline solution
Authors: Qi Chusheng , Hou Suyun , Lu Jianxiong , Xue Weiwei , Sun Ke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCellulose and hemicelluloses were isolated from birch wood using a dilute alkaline solution and then consolidated into pellets as model compounds of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the wood cell wall. The purity of isolated cellulose and hemicelluloses was examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The density, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity were experimentally determined for consolidated birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in over-dry condition. The thermal degradation kinetic parameters of these materials were successfully calculated using a conversion rate step of 0.01, and the relationship with conversion rate was established. The results show that cellulose and hemicelluloses consolidated under 25 MPa had densities of 1362 kg/m3and 1464 kg/m3, respectively. The cell wall of birch powder in the oven-dry state was not collapsed under 25 MPa. The thermal diffusivity of consolidated birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses linearly decreased with temperature, with values of 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20 mm2/s at room temperature, respectively. The specific heat capacity (1104, 1209, and 1305 J/(kg·K) at 22 °C, respectively) and thermal conductivity (0.09, 0.24, and 0.38 W/(m·K) at 22 °C, respectively) linearly increased with temperature, except for those for hemicelluloses which exhibited a nonlinear relationship with temperature above 120 °C, and their linear experimental prediction equations were given. Birch cellulose was more thermally stable than hemicelluloses. The thermal degradation kinetic parameters including activation energy and pre-exponential factor of birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses varied with the conversion rate and calculation methods, with average activation energy in a conversion rate range of 0.02–0.15 of 123.2, 159.0, and 147.2 kJ/mol, respectively (using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method), for average natural logarithm pre-exponential factors of 25.0, 33.1, and 28.7 min−1, respectively. Linear and quadratic equations were fitted to describe the relationship between the kinetic parameters and conversion rates. These results give comprehensive thermal properties of the densified cellulose and hemicelluloses isolated from a specific wood.
Fabrication of highly stable and durable furfurylated wood materials. Part II: the multi-scale distribution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin in wood
Authors: Li Wanju , Liu Minghui , Wang Hankun , Yu Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was mainly to evaluate the multi-scale distribution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin in modified Chinese fir and poplar wood.13C CP/MAS NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Nanoindentation and Imaging Fourier transform infrared microscopy (Imaging FT-IR) were applied to describe the FA resin distribution in wood from bulk to cell wall scale. The results showed that FA resin were mainly located in the cell cavity of Chinese fir tracheids. For poplar, FA resin was mostly deposited in the cavity of fibers and ray cells, while little was found in the adjacent vessels. Lots of pits of wood cells were covered with FA resin which implied a higher risk of drying after wood furfurlation in practical production. Nanoindentation demonstrated that FA resin could easily infiltrate into the wood cell wall because both reduced modulus and hardness of the modified wood cell walls were significantly improved. This conclusion was further supported by the results of imaging FT-IR.
Perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance in a prelicensure Bachelor of Science nursing program
Authors: Brodersen Lisa , Lorenz Rebecca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
High-stakes exams are a source of chronic stress that may adversely affect nursing students’ thinking, behavior, and overall health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance.

Methods
A within-subjects design allowed measurement of perceived stress, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase in pre-licensure nursing students under two different conditions: a high-stakes exit exam and a low-stakes homework assignment.

Results
Perceived stress and salivary alpha amylase were significantly higher after the high-stakes exam compared to the homework condition. Perceived stress after the exam was correlated with lower exam score.

Conclusion
Study findings suggest that in response to a high-stakes exam, prelicensure nursing students experience high levels of perceived stress coupled with sympathetic activation but not activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis.
Financial Globalization as a Barrier to Democratic Consolidation: a North-South Model with Public Goods
Authors: Porcile Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper modifies the Acemoglu–Robinson model of the economic basis of democracy to discuss the impact of the international regime regulating capital flows on the consolidation and quality of democracy. Two regimes of capital mobility are considered, Bretton Woods and Rodrik’s hyperglobalization, in an international economy formed by an advanced North and a developing South. The model shows that hyperglobalization compromises the stability of democracy in the South by limiting the ability of the citizens to tax the elite and provide public goods which are critical for technical change and income distribution. At variance with the mainstream results, it is argued that financial globalization is a barrier to democratic consolidation. The model is consistent with key findings of the empirical literature on globalization and democracy, as well as with evidence from the economic history of Latin America.
First Responders’ and Librarians’ Intention to Use Web-Based Resources for Response Information During Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Terrorism Events
Authors: Turner James , Rebmann Terri , Loux Travis , Tao Donghua , Garza Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Emergency planners and first responders often access web-based information resources during disasters; however, these tools require an active Internet connection, which may be unavailable during a disaster. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides several free non-web-based disaster response tools. This study assessed intention to use web-based and non-web-based informational and response tools during disasters among emergency responders and librarians. Educational workshops were held in four Missouri cities in spring, 2016. The NLM tools were presented and attendees practiced using the tools during disaster scenarios. Pre- and post-intervention data about NLM tool awareness and intention to use these tools versus other web-based resources was collected. McNemar tests assessed a pre/post change in intention to use each resource. Four workshops were held, with a total of 74 attendees. Intention to use the NLM tools was low prior to the workshops (range: 20.3–39.2%), but increased significantly immediately afterwards (p < .001 for all pre/post comparisons). The workshops resulted in increased NLM tool awareness and increased intention to use the tools during future disasters. This provides evidence of attendees’ perceptions of the usefulness of the non-web-based NLM tools in place of other web-based tools in situations without Internet access.
Specifications of standards in systems and synthetic biology: status and developments in 2020
Authors: Schreiber Falk , Sommer Björn , Czauderna Tobias , Golebiewski Martin , Gorochowski Thomas E. , Hucka Michael , Keating Sarah M. , König Matthias , Myers Chris , Nickerson David , Waltemath Dagmar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This special issue of the Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics presents papers related to the 10th COMBINE meeting together with the annual update of COMBINE standards in systems and synthetic biology.
A Deep Level Tagger for Malayalam, a Morphologically Rich Language
Authors: Ajees A. P. , Abrar K. J. , Sumam Mary Idicula , Sreenathan M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in the amount of natural language text through various sources. Computational analysis of this text has got considerable attention among the NLP researchers. Automatic analysis and representation of natural language text is a step by step procedure. Deep level tagging is one of such steps applied over the text. In this paper, we demonstrate a methodology for deep level tagging of Malayalam text. Deep level tagging is the process of assigning deeper level information to every noun and verb in the text along with normal POS tags. In this study, we move towards a direction that is not much explored in the case of Malayalam language. Malayalam is a morphologically rich and agglutinative language. The morphological features of the language are effectively utilized for the computational analysis of Malayalam text. The language level details required for the study are provided by Thunjath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University, Tirur.
Improving Grey Prediction Model and Its Application in Predicting the Number of Users of a Public Road Transportation System
Authors: Balochian Saeed , Baloochian Hossein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent increase in the road transportation necessitates scheduling to reduce the adverse impacts of the road transportation and evaluate the effectiveness of previous actions taken in this context. However, it is impossible to undertake the scheduling and evaluation tasks unless previous information are available to predict the future. The grey model requires a limited volume of data for estimating the behavior of an unknown system. It provides high-accuracy predictions based on few data points. Various grey prediction models have been proposed so far, in which three different approaches are followed to increase the accuracy: (1) data preprocessing, (2) improved equation models, and (3) error improvement or error balancing. In this paper, firstly, a theorem is proposed and proved to recognize the parameters affecting two grey models, namely GM(1, 1) and FGM(1, 1). Then, the effective parameters are adjusted through particle swarm optimization (PSO) to formulate two adjusted models, namely IGM(1, 1) and IFGM(1, 1). According to the simulation results of the proposed models, accuracy of the modeling improved by a minimum of 14.24% and a maximum of 82.39%. Finally, the number of users of a public road transportation system was predicted using the proposed models. The results showed enhanced accuracy (by 7.7%) of the proposed models for predicting the number of users of the public road transportation system.
A Theoretical Study of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Soret Coefficient in n-Pentane/n-Decane Mixtures Using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liang Ruquan , Wang Yong , Xia Ziqi , Wu Lichun , Liang Yang , Cui Gan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effect of the temperature gradient on the Soret coefficient in n-pentane/n-decane (n-C5/n-C10) mixtures was investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) with the heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm. n-Pentane/n-decane mixtures with three different compositions (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mole fractions, respectively) and the TraPPE-UA force field were used in computing the Soret coefficient (

S

T

{S_{T}}

) at 300 K and 1 atm. Added/removed heat quantities (ΔQ) of 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.01 kcal/mol were employed in eHEX processes in order to study the effect of different thermal gradients on the Soret coefficient. Moreover, a phenomenological description was applied to discuss the mechanism of this effect. Present results show that the Soret coefficient values firstly fluctuate violently and then become increasingly stable with increasing ΔQ (especially in the mixture with a mole fraction of 0.75), which means that ΔQ has a smaller effect on the Soret coefficient when the temperature gradient is higher than a certain thermal gradient. Thus, a high temperature gradient is recommended for calculating the Soret coefficient under the conditions that a linear response and constant phase are ensured in the system. In addition, the simulated Soret coefficient obtained at the highest ΔQ within three different compositions is in great agreement with experimental data.
Boundary update via resolvent for fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Bukač Martina , Trenchea Catalin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose a BOundary Update using Resolvent (BOUR) partitioned method, second-order accurate in time, unconditionally stable, for the interaction between a viscous, incompressible fluid and a thin structure. The method is algorithmically similar to the sequential Backward Euler - Forward Euler implementation of the midpoint quadrature rule. (i) The structure and fluid sub-problems are first solved using a Backward Euler scheme, (ii) the velocities of fluid and structure are updated on the boundary via a second-order consistent resolvent operator, and then (iii) the structure and fluid sub-problems are solved again, using a Forward Euler scheme. The stability analysis based on energy estimates shows that the scheme is unconditionally stable. Error analysis of the semi-discrete problem yields second-order convergence in time. The two numerical examples confirm theoretical convergence analysis results and show an excellent agreement between the proposed partitioned scheme and the monolithic scheme.
Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
Authors: El-Hageen Hazem M. , Kuppusamy P.G. , Alatwi Aadel M. , Sivaram M. , Yasar Z. Ahamed , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Different types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.
Symmetry-tailored patterns and polarizations of single-photon emission
Authors: Zhang Guorui , Gu Ying , Gong Qihuang , Chen Jianjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to small optical mode volumes and linear polarizations of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) resonant modes in metallic antennas, it is very difficult to obtain complex emission patterns and polarizations for single-photon emitters. Herein, nonresonant enhancement in a silver nanowire is used to both enhance emission rates and extract a z-oriented dipole, and then the symmetry of metallic nanostructures is proposed to tailor the patterns and polarizations of single-photon emission. The emission pattern of a quantum dot located close to a metallic nanostructure with a symmetric axis is split into multiple flaps. The number of splitting flaps is equal to the order of the symmetric axis. Moreover, the electric vectors of the emitted photons become centrally symmetric about the symmetric axis. The above phenomena are well explained by both a simulation and an image dipole model. The structural-symmetry-tailoring mechanism may open up a new avenue in the design of multifunctional and novel quantum-plasmonic devices.