bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An International Multicenter Analysis of Brain Structure across Clinical Stages of Parkinson’s Disease: The ENIGMA-Parkinson’s Study
Authors: Laansma Max A. , Bright Joanna K. , Al-Bachari Sarah , Anderson Tim J. , Ard Tyler , Assogna Francesca , Baquero Katherine A. , Berendse Henk W. , Blair Jamie , Cendes Fernando , Dalrymple-Alford John C. , de Bie Rob M. A. , Debove Ines , Dirkx Michiel F. , Druzgal Jason , Emsley Hedley C. A. , Garraux Gäetan , Guimarães Rachel P. , Gutman Boris A. , Helmich Rick C. , Klein Johannes C. , Mackay Clare E. , McMillan Corey T. , Melzer Tracy R. , Parkes Laura M. , Piras Fabrizio , Pitcher Toni L. , Poston Kathleen L. , Rango Mario , Ribeiro Letícia F. , Rocha Cristiane S. , Rummel Christian , Santos Lucas S. R. , Schmidt Reinhold , Schwingenschuh Petra , Spalletta Gianfranco , Squarcina Letizia , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Vriend Chris , Wang Jiun-Jie , Weintraub Daniel , Wiest Roland , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain structure abnormalities throughout the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have yet to be fully elucidated. Inconsistent findings across studies may be partly due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous analysis methods. Using a multicenter approach and harmonized analysis methods, we aimed to overcome these limitations and shed light on disease stage-specific profiles of PD pathology as suggested by in vivo neuroimaging.MethodsIndividual brain MRI and clinical data from 2,367 PD patients and 1,183 healthy controls were collected from 19 sites, deriving from 20 countries. We analyzed regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume using mixed-effect linear models. Patients were grouped according to the Hoehn & Yahr (HY) disease stages and compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Within the PD sample, we investigated associations between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and brain morphology.FindingsThe main analysis showed a thinner cortex in 38 of 68 regions in PD patients compared to controls (dmax = −0·25, dmin = −0·13). The bilateral putamen (left: d = −0·16, right: d = −0·16) and left amygdala (d = −0·15) were smaller in patients, while the left thalamus was larger (d = 0·17). HY staging indicated that a thinner cortex initially presents in the occipital, parietal and temporal cortex, and extends towards caudally located brain regions with increased disease severity. From HY stage 2 and onwards the bilateral putamen and amygdala were consistently smaller with larger effects denoting each increment. Finally, we found that poorer cognitive performance was associated with widespread cortical thinning as well as lower volumes of core limbic structures.InterpretationOur findings offer robust and novel imaging signatures that are specific to the disease severity stages and in line with an ongoing neurodegenerative process, highlighting the importance of such multicenter collaborations.FundingNIH Big Data to Knowledge program, ENIGMA World Aging Center, and ENIGMA Sex Differences Initiative, and other international agencies (listed in full in the Acknowledgments).
Evaluation of Turkish social distancing measures on the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Civcir İrfan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affecting across the globe. The government of different countries has adopted various policies to contain this epidemic and the most common were social distancing and lockdown. We use a simple log-linear model with intercept and trend break to evaluate whether the measures are effective preventing/slowing down the spread of the disease in Turkey. We estimate the model parameters from the Johns Hopkins University (2020) epidemic data between 15th March and 16th April 2020. Our analysis revealed that the measures can slow down the outbreak. We can reduce the epidemic size and prolong the time to arrive at the epidemic peak by seriously following the measures suggested by the authorities.
Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis
Authors: Wyper Grant MA , Assunção Ricardo MA , Cuschieri Sarah , Devleeschauwer Brecht , Fletcher Eilidh , Haagsma Juanita A , Hilderink Henk , Idavain Jane , Lesnik Tina , Lippe Elena Von der , Majdan Marek , Milicevic Milena S , Pallari Elena , Peñalvo José L , Pires Sara M , Plaß Dietrich , Santos João V , Stockton Diane L , Thomsen Sofie T , Grant Ian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19.MethodsPopulation and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70 years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70 years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 for vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability.ResultsCountries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden.ConclusionRoutine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19.
Large scale genomic analysis of 3067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals a clonal geo-distribution and a rich genetic variations of hotspots mutations
Authors: Laamarti Meriem , Alouane Tarek , Kartti Souad , Chemao-Elfihri M.W. , Hakmi Mohammed , Essabbar Abdelomunim , Laamarti Mohamed , Hlali Haitam , Allam Loubna , El Hafidi Naima , El Jaoudi Rachid , Allali Imane , Marchoudi Nabila , Fekkak Jamal , Benrahma Houda , Nejjari Chakib , Amzazi Saaid , Belyamani Lahcen , Ibrahimi Azeddine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn late December 2019, an emerging viral infection COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, and became a global pandemic. Characterization of the genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in following and evaluating it spread across countries. In this study, we collected and analyzed 3,067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from 55 countries during the first three months after the onset of this virus. Using comparative genomics analysis, we traced the profiles of the whole-genome mutations and compared the frequency of each mutation in the studied population. The accumulation of mutations during the epidemic period with their geographic locations was also monitored. The results showed 782 variant sites, of which 512 (65.47%) had a non-synonymous effect. Frequencies of mutated alleles revealed the presence of 38 recurrent non-synonymous mutations, including ten hotspot mutations with a prevalence higher than 0.10 in this population and distributed in six SARS-CoV-2 genes. The distribution of these recurrent mutations on the world map revealed certain genotypes specific to the geographic location. We also found co-occurring mutations resulting in the presence of several haplotypes. Moreover, evolution over time has shown a mechanism of mutation co-accumulation which might affect the severity and spread of the SARS-CoV-2.On the other hand, analysis of the selective pressure revealed the presence of negatively selected residues that could be taken into considerations as therapeutic targetsWe have also created an inclusive unified database (http://genoma.ma/covid-19/) that lists all of the genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes found in this study with phylogeographic analysis around the world.
Synthesis of the novel transporter YdhC, is regulated by the YdhB transcription factor controlling adenosine and adenine uptake
Authors: Rodionova Irina A. , Gao Ye , Sastry Anand , Yoo Reo , Rodionov Dmitry A. , Saier Milton H. , Palsson Bernhard Ø. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe YdhB transcriptional factor, re-named here AdnB, homologous to the allantoin regulator, AllS, was shown to regulateydhCgene expression inEscherichia coli, which is divergently transcribed fromadnB,and this gene arrangement is conserved in many Protreobacteria. The predicted consensus DNA binding sequence for YdhB is also conserved in Entrobacterial genomes. RNA-seq data confirmed the activation predicted due to the binding of AdnB as shown by Chip-Exo results. Fluorescent polarization experiments revealed binding of YdhB to the predicted binding site upstream ofydhCin the presence of 0.35 mM adenine, but not in its absence. TheE. coliMG1655, strain lacking theydhBgene, showed a lower level ofydhCmRNA in cells grown in M9-glucose supplemented with 2 mM adenosine. Adenosine and adenine are products of purine metabolism and provide sources of ammonium for many organisms. They are utilized under nitrogen starvation conditions as single nitrogen sources. Deletion of either theydhCor theydhBgene leads to a substantially decreased growth rate forE. coliin minimal M9 medium with glycerol as the carbon source and adenosine or adenine as the single nitrogen source. TheydhCmutant showed increased resistance to Paromomycine, Sulfathiazole and Sulfamethohazole using Biolog plates. We provide evidence that YdhB, (a novel LysR family regulator) activates expression of theydhCgene, encoding a novel adenosine/adenine transporter inE. coli. The YdhB binding consensus for different groups of Enterobacteria was predicted.
Pricing policies of a dynamic green supply chain with strategies of retail service
Authors: Chen Shan , Zhou Fuli , Su Jiafu , Li Longxiao , Yang Biyu , He Yandong 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe paper investigates firms' optimal pricing policies and green strategies in a dynamic green supply chain with consideration of different retail service strategies. The purpose of the paper is to address the following research questions: (1) What are the optimal pricing policies and green strategies of the dynamic decentralized supply chain with the competitive or supportive retail service? (2) How does the dynamic consumer's perception of green product affect these equilibrium solutions?Design/methodology/approachThe paper establishes the dynamic game models and then derives a firm's instantaneous and steady-state feedback equilibrium solutions in three scenarios as follows: (1) the integrated supply chain; (2) the decentralized supply chain with competitive retail service and (3) the decentralized supply chain with supportive retail service. Finally, we conduct numerical analyses to compare the firm's instantaneous and steady-state equilibrium solutions and profit in the three scenarios.FindingsThe theoretical and numerical analysis results suggest that the supportive retail service is less inefficient than the competitive retail service in the decentralized supply chain and that the types of retail service have no influence on the green strategy. Moreover, a firm's myopia leads to lowering the greenness degree, retail service level and severe price competition, resulting in economic losses. Consumers’ initial perception of greenness degree determines whether the retailer should adopt the skimming pricing strategy or penetration pricing strategy. Furthermore, only when consumers’ perception of greenness degree is higher than a threshold, will the manufacturer produce green product with positive greenness degree.Originality/valueThis is one of few studies on the effect of different types of retail service on horizontal competition in green supply chain. The extension of the static study by adopting differential game approaches provides researchers with a deeper understanding of the application of retail service in green supply chain.
Design techniques for cogging torque reduction in a fractional-slot PMBLDC motor
Authors: Petkovska Lidija , Lefley Paul , Cvetkovski Goga Vladimir 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper presents the design techniques applied to a novel fractional-slot 6/4 pole permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motor, for cogging torque reduction. The notable feature of this motor is the simplicity of the design and low production cost. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the peak cogging torque of the motor. The focus is put on the stator topology tuning, and a new design for the stator poles is proposed. By determining the optimum stator pole arc length and the best pole shoe thickness, the cogging torque is significantly reduced. This new optimised motor design has been analysed in detail. The validation of the results is documented with respective figures and charts.Design/methodology/approachAt the beginning, the design data for the 6/4 pole PMBLDC motor with concentrated three phase windings and asymmetric stator pole arcs is presented. In the study, this motor is taken as a reference model (A0,T0). A full performance finite element analysis of the reference motor has been carried out, and the weak points in the motor design have been identified. By simple design techniques, tuning the stator pole geometry, a two-stage design optimisation for cogging torque minimisation has been performed and the solution array has been derived. The optimised model is selected and proposed (Aopt,Topt). The comparative analysis of the reference and optimised motors show the advantages of the proposed novel design and prove the methodology.FindingsThe results of the work demonstrate how simple design techniques can minimise the peak of the cogging torque profile, while maintaining the specified electromagnetic torque value. The sensitivity of the cogging torque profile because of changes of the stator pole design inside the prescribed constraints is apparent. The stator poles of the reference motor have an arc length of 85° and pole shoe thickness of 6 mm. The newly shaped stator poles have an arc length of 78.5° and pole shoe thickness 4.8 mm. The peak-cogging torque has been reduced from 0.158 Nm to a respectable value of 0.066 Nm. However, to reduce electromagnetic torque ripple and pulsations, further investigations are required.Originality/valueThe paper presents an approach to cogging torque reduction for a 6/4 PMBLDC motor. A two-step original design procedure is introduced and an optimised stator pole geometry is defined. The minimised cogging torque has been demonstrated with improved usage of the active materials. This work could serve as a good basis for further optimisation of the motor design.
Navigating barriers faced by women in leadership positions in the US construction industry: a retrospective on women’s continued struggle in a male-dominated industry
Authors: Lekchiri Siham , Kamm Jesse D. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This investigation examined the challenges faced by women in leadership positions in the US construction industry. The overall purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the challenges, and identify suitable practices, strategies and suggestions to support the employment and retention of women in the US construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative approach, the authors distributed a survey to the target audience composed of women leaders in the US construction industry, and 14 participants completed the survey.

Findings
The outcomes of the study revealed the following challenges: negative perceptions of women in the industry manifested through discrimination and hostility; a stressful work environment that does not promote a good work-life balance; and a lack of role models that impacts women’s retention and career development in the construction industry.

Originality/value
This study discusses possible strategies and recommendations for women in construction to rise through the ranks of power within the industry.
Gender and the #MeToo effect in Spanish professional football organizations: an exploratory qualitative approach
Authors: Klavenes Henriette , Orea-Giner Alicia , García-Muiña Fernando E. , Fuentes-Moraleda Laura 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the #MeToo movement in the work environment of professional football organizations in Spain. It also explores the current situation of the professional career of women working in this industry to know if the opportunities are equal for men and women to reach management or executive positions.

Design/methodology/approach
From a gender approach and considering gender as a social structure (Risman, 2004), the authors are going to analyse men and women’s professional careers in football organizations from a three-dimensional gender perspective (individual, interactional and institutional). The objective is twofold: to know the effect of the #MeToo movement in these organizations; and also to know the opinion of both men and women of these organizations concerning gender influence for women’s career progression. The methodology implemented in this investigation is qualitative; 24 in-depth interviews (12 men and 12 women) have been carried out with professionals from different executive positions in both football clubs and organizations.

Findings
The gender approach improves current knowledge about women’s roles in the football industry. The exploratory analysis of the results shows that although the #MeToo phenomenon is relatively known it has had an indirect impact in Spanish football, where its consequences have not been as visible as in other sectors.

Originality/value
The paper provides an exploratory approach by analysing the effects of the #MeToo movement in the football sector, an area where almost no previous research has been done. Also, it presents the main factors that influence women’s professional careers in this sector and the significance of the recent #MeToo phenomenon in the football industry.
“Stuck in the middle” first-line healthcare managers’ responsibilities and needs of support when applying Lean
Authors: Kahm Therese , Ingelsson Pernilla 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the supportive conditions that the first-line health-care managers claim that they need from their own managers and what they experience as their own roles and responsibilities in relation to their coworkers when applying Lean principles and practices.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey with a Web-based questionnaire was designed and used in a Swedish health-care organization two years after the initiation of Lean to investigate the managers’ views on their role, conditions and ability to create change according to Lean. The result from two of the questions will be presented where one focuses on the relationship to the first-line managers’ own manager and the second on the relationship to their coworkers.

Findings
The results show that to initiate improvement, work based on Lean first-line managers ask for own managers who are assured about Lean, include them in discussions and ask for follow-ups and results about Lean. Concerning first-line managers’ relation to their coworkers they experience themselves as responsible for leading toward creating a culture where problems and mistakes are viewed as possibilities to improve, for encouraging that new work procedures are tested and for creating commitment and inspiration in relation to their coworkers.

Originality/value
The questions can be used separately or as part of an entire questionnaire before and along the Lean process to highlight organizational issues such as shared responsibility and supportive relations when developing health care.
Corporate diversification and firms' value in emerging economy: the role of growth opportunity
Authors: Setianto Rahmat Heru 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper examines empirically how growth opportunities determine the relationship between corporate diversification and firm's value in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs annual data of Indonesian manufacturing firm's spanning five years. To test the potential nonlinear relationship between diversification and value, nonlinear regression model is employed. Baron and Kenny’s (1986) procedure is also employed to test the mediation role of the growth opportunities in the relation between diversification strategy and firm's value. This study also performs further robustness analysis on mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between diversification strategy and corporate value using path analysis approach.FindingsThe analyses reveal the U-shaped diversification and value relationship; this result suggests that the effect of diversification on value will vary across firms, the negative effect of diversification strategy on firm's value may reverse at higher levels of diversification. Further analysis indicates that such relationship is fully mediated by firm's growth opportunities.Practical implicationsGiven the results, firms that are considering implementing diversification strategy should seek the optimal level of diversification to gain diversification premium. Furthermore, the manager should observe the best opportunities available for the firm before undertaking the diversification strategies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature on diversification strategy by extending the insight of this research area of a large emerging economy, on which prior studies have not reached conclusive results.
A small open economy DSGE model with workers' remittances
Authors: Rehman Muhammad , Khan Sajawal , Hayat Zafar , Balli Faruk 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn this paper, the authors develop and estimate a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with an enriched micro-founded specification to account for foreign remittances, an important source that helps bridge the trade gap in many developing and emerging market economies.Design/methodology/approachAlthough the authors’ specification provides a general frame for the analysis of the role of workers' remittances, they motivate and calibrate the model with specific focus on Pakistan, where most of the trade deficit is met through the remittance channel.FindingsThe results indicate that a negative shock to workers' remittances hampers real growth via decreased consumption and imported investment goods, while it builds pressure on exchange rate and hence worsens current account balance. These results indicate that too much dependence on workers' remittances to help meet foreign exchange deficits may potentially leave the economy in doldrums in case sizable negative shocks occur to the flow of foreign remittances.Originality/valueThe authors develop and estimate a small open economy DSGE model with an enriched micro-founded specification to account for foreign remittances, an important source that helps bridge the trade gap in many developing and emerging market economies.