bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and Completion of Rifapentine-based TB Preventive Therapy (3HP) Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kampala, Uganda – Patient and Health Worker Perspectives.
Authors: Semitala Fred C. , Musinguzi Allan , Ssemata Jackie , Welishe Fred , Nabunje Juliet , Kadota Jillian L. , Berger Christopher A. , Katamba Achilles , Kiwanuka Noah , Kamya Moses R. , Dowdy David , Cattamanchi Adithya , Katahoire Anne R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: A 12-dose, once-weekly regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is effective in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We sought to identify potential barriers to and facilitators of 3HP implementation from the perspective of PLHIV and health workers in a routine HIV care setting in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 PLHIV and 10 health workers at an HIV/AIDS clinic in Kampala, Uganda. For both groups, we explored their understanding and interpretations of TB and TB preventive therapy (TPT), and perceptions about social and contextual factors that might influence willingness of PLHIV to initiate and complete 3HP. We analyzed the data using an inductive thematic approach and aligned the emergent themes to the Behavior Change Wheel framework to identify sources of behavior and targeted behavior change interventions.Results: Facilitators for uptake and completion of 3HP among PLHIV were fear of contracting TB, awareness of being potentially at risk of getting TB, willingness to take TPT, trust in health workers, and the perceived benefits of DOT and SAT. Barriers included inadequate understanding of TPT, fear of potential side effects, concerns about effectiveness of 3HP as well as the perceived challenges of DOT or SAT. Among health workers, perceived facilitators included knowledge that TB is a common cause of mortality, fear of getting TB, patient trust in their health workers, potential for once-weekly dosing and the benefits of TPT delivery. Health workers perceived potential barriers for PLHIV as being: inadequate understanding of TB and TPT, TB associated stigma, potential side effects, pill burden and challenges of taking TPT. Additional barriers included a lack of experience among health workers with the use of digital technology to monitor patient care.Conclusions: Using a formative qualitative and comprehensive theoretical approach, we identified key sources of behavior that could be used to guide selection of appropriate intervention to optimize 3HP scale up among PLHIV in high burden settings.
Practices and Predictors of Menstrual Hygiene Management Material Use Among Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan. A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Wasan Yaqub , Baxter Jo-Anna B. , Rizvi Arjumand , Shaheen Fariha , Junejo Qamaruddin , Hussain Amjad , Ahmed Imran , Soofi Sajid B. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries, women often use inappropriate materials to manage menstruation, which can pose a hazard to their health. Inappropriate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) can also have important downstream consequences beyond physiologic health, including the restriction of adolescent girls’ access to academic pursuits. This impacts one’s quality of life and has potential economic consequences for society. Methods Among menstruating adolescent and young women 15-23 years of age living in rural Pakistan (n = 25,305), we aimed to describe MHM practices and generate a predictive model of the socioeconomic and demographic factors related to the use of MHM materials. Beliefs and barriers around MHM were also summarized. The outcome variable included: those who practiced appropriate (reported use of a sanitary pad or/and new piece of cloth) and inappropriate MHM (reported use of an old cloth and/or nothing). Logistic regression was used to generate the predictive model, with results presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsInappropriate MHM practices were reported by 75% of participants. The majority (61.9%) reported using old cloths, 12.6% used nothing and 0.5% used old cloth with sanitary pad. One fourth of participants reported appropriate MHM material use, including, 16.2% sanitary pads, 8.6% new cloth and a few reported using sanitary pads with new cloth (0.2%). Inappropriate MHM practices were more common in lowest wealth quintile (OR 4.41; 95% CI = 2.77 to 7.01, P<0.0001), followed by those with no education (OR 3.9; 95% CI = 3.36 to 4.52, P<0.0001). Mothers were the primary source of information about menarche (84.5%). Among school-going girls, 22% reported not going to school while menstruating. The affordability of menstrual hygiene products, awareness of appropriate practices, access to clean supplies, and cultural beliefs were identified as factors contributing to MHM practices.ConclusionsFindings indicate the need for multi-sectorial efforts to introduce MHM-specific and MHM-sensitive interventions to improve MHM practices, ranging from availability of low-cost MHM materials to the inclusion of MHM education in school curriculums and within community platforms. Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03287882).
Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Endothelial Cells Under Low Shear Stress
Authors: Ren Peile , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Daifang , Shinge Shafiu Adam U. , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Shear stress (SS) affects the morphology, proliferation, differentiation and migration of endothelial cells, and regulates protein expression.Methods: This study aims to conduct a proteomic analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under low SS. HUVECs were cultured on glass slides (test group n=30; control group n=30) and transferred to parallel-plate flow chamber. The test group was subjected to low SS at 4.58 dyne/cm2 for 2 hours, and the control group was maintained under static conditions. Approximately 2×107 cells were collected from each group and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The protein from each spot were identified by mass spectrometry. The biological functions and processes associated with the identified proteins were evaluated using the NCBInr, SwissProt, and DAVID databases. The protein expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, filamin B, Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), and talin were assessed by Western blotting.Results: A total of 234 proteins were analyzed; 14 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated in the test group compared with the control group. The expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, and filamin B was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of Ran and talin was significantly increased in the test group.Conclusion: The current results provide evidence that SS changes the protein profile of HUVECs.
Sex Differences in CRT&nbsp;Device Implantation Rates, Efficacy and Complications Following Implantation: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Dewidar Omar , Birnie David , Podinic Irina , Welch Vivian , Wells George A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: There is abundant evidence for sex differences in the diagnosis, implantation and outcomes for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) devices. Controversial data suggesting women are less likely to receive the device regardless of the greater benefit. The aim of this review is to assess sex differences in the Implantation rate, clinical effectiveness and safety of patients receiving CRT devices.Methods: We will conduct a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science to identify cohort studies that meet our eligibility criteria. Title and full text screening will be conducted in duplicate independently. Eligible studies report clinical effectiveness or safety of patients receiving CRT device while providing sex-disaggregated data. Implantation rate will be extracted from the baseline characteristics tables of the studies. The effectiveness outcomes include: All cause death, Hospitalization, Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2), Quality of life (QoL), 6 min walk test, NYHA class reduction, LVEF, Heart failure hospitalization. The complication outcomes include: Contrast-induced nephropathy, Pneumothorax, Pocket-related Hematoma, Pericardial tamponade, Phrenic nerve stimulation, Device Infection, Death, Pulmonary edema, Electrical storm, cardiogenic shock, Hypotension requiring resuscitation. Description of included studies will be reported in detail and outcomes will be meta-analyzed and presented using forest plots when feasible. Risk of Bias will be assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) by two review authors independently. GRADE approach will be used to assess the certainty of evidence.Discussion: The aim of this review is to determine the presence of differences in CRT implantation between women and men as well as differences in clinical effectiveness, safety of CRT after device implantation. Results from this systematic review will provide important insights into sex differences in CRT devices that could contribute to the development of sex-specific recommendations and inform policy.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020204804
Enamel Renal Syndrome: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Roomaney Imaan Amina , Kabbashi Salma , Chetty Manogari 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Enamel Renal Syndrome (ERS) (OMIM # 204690) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), failed tooth eruption, intra-pulpal calcifications, gingival enlargement and nephrocalcinosis. The rarity of the condition and the variability of the phenotype has led to ERS not being fully characterized. This scoping review aims to account for the range and current state of knowledge on ERS and synthesize these findings into a comprehensive summary, focusing on the pathophysiology, genotype-phenotype correlations and patient management from a dental perspective.Methods: The authors will conduct a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), BioMed Central, EbscoHost Web, Web of Science and WorldCat. We will include all studies with human participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ERS. Articles will be screened in two stages i.e. initially by title and abstract screening and then full-text screening by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will be conducted using a customised electronic data extraction form. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies. We will structure the results according to themes.Discussion: Dentists should be able to identify patients with clinical features of ERS so that they receive appropriate referrals for renal evaluation, genetic counselling and oral rehabilitation to increase the patient’s quality of life. A scoping review is the most appropriate method to conduct this comprehensive exploration of the current evidence which may be sparse due to the rarity of the condition. It will also enable us to identify gaps in the research.Registration: This study is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://osf.io/cghsa).
Rounded Atelectasis After Exposure to Refectory Ceramic Fibres - A Case Report
Authors: Brückner Ulrike , Schulze Anne S. , Kampschulte Marian , Schneider Joachim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Refractory Ceramic fibres (RCF) are man-made mineral fibres used in high performance thermal insulation applications and mostly to line furnaces, kilns and other industrial heaters. Analogous to asbestos fibres, RCF are respirable, show a pleural drift and can persist in human lung tissue for more than 20 years after exposure. Pleural changes such as localised or diffuse pleural thickening as well as pleural calcification were reported. Case presentation: A 45 years old man worked in high performance thermal insulation applications using refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) for almost 20 years. During a biennial occupational medical prophylaxis to ensure early diagnosis of disorders caused by inhalation of aluminium silicate fibres with X-ray including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bilateral pleural thickening and a pleural calcification next to a rounded atelectasis. Asbestos exposure could be excluded. In pulmonary function test a restrictive lung pattern could be revealed. In work samples scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) classified aluminium silicate fibres. X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed crystalline as well as amorphous fibres. Conclusions: A comprehensive lung function analysis and in case of restrictive lung disorders additional CT scans are needed in RCF exposed workers in accordance to the guidelines for medical occupational examinations comparable to asbestos exposed workers.
Pretreatment with melatonin improves ovarian tissue cryopreservation for transplantation.
Authors: Shiroma Marcos Eiji , Damous Luciana Lamarão , Cotrim Fernanda Pereira , Roa Cristiane Lima , Cipolla-Neto José , Reiter Russel Joseph , Baracat Edmund Chada , Soares José Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the mitochondrial level. This indole may protect the ovarian graft during the cryopreservation process. Therefore, our study aimed to determine whether melatonin pretreatment improves rat ovarian graft quality. Methods: Twenty female rats were allocated to two study groups of ten animals each: 1) control group: ovaries cryopreserved using the standard protocol; and 2) melatonin group: ovaries cryopreserved in a medium with melatonin. Following 24-h freezing, whole ovaries underwent autologous and avascular transplants with retroperitoneal placement. After postoperative (PO) day 15, daily vaginal smears were obtained for estrous cycle characterization. Between PO days 30 and 35, animals were euthanized and ovarian grafts were recovered for histological and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL, von Willebrand factor, estrogen, and progesterone receptors) analysis. The ovaries of the three remaining rats from each group were studied immediately after thawing to assess cryopreservation effects. The ANOVA and the Tukey tests were used, and the rejection level of the null hypothesis was set at 0.05 or 5% (p<0.05).Results: Melatonin promoted faster restart of the estrous cycle and increased the expression of mature follicles, collagen type I, von Willebrand factor, Ki-67, and cleaved caspase-3 on corpora lutea and estrogen receptors in the ovaries. There was a reduction in apoptosis by TUNEL on follicles, corpora lutea, and collagen type III. Conclusion: Melatonin may promote the quality of ovarian grafts through the evaluated parameters. Reproductive function enhancement could be further studied.
AICAR activates AMPK to regulate STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation and iNOS expression in inflammatory pain
Authors: Xiang Hongchun , Cai Guo-Wei , Hu Liang , Zhu He , Lin Lixue , Liu Yongmin , Hu Xuefei , Chen Chao , Yuan Xiaocui , Weng Tao , Zou Yan , Pan Huilin , Liu Wentao , Li Man 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators can improve inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Inflammation translocate signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the nuclei of activated macrophages, and STAT3 phosphorylation promotes the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). In this study, we determined whether AMPK activation alleviate inflammatory pain via STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation. Methods: Immunoblotting was used to measure the expression of p-AMPK, and iNOS. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3(Ser727) and STAT3 in macrophages of local inflammatory tissues. Flow cytometry was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage.Results: AMPK activation with AICAR significantly alleviated pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the expression of iNOS in complete Freund's adjust (CFA)-induced inflamed skin tissues. CFA caused nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727) in macrophages of inflamed skin tissues. AICAR inhibited nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727) and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in the cytoplasm of macrophages. AICAR also inhibited the expression of iNOS and nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727), and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in NR8383 macrophages treated with CFA. AMPK activation also inhibited the ROS generation and the mitochondrial damage of NR8383 macrophages caused by CFA. In addition, transfection of STAT3 S727D decreased ROS and alleviated mitochondrial damage.Conclusions: Activation of AMPK attenuates inflammatory pain and suppresses STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in macrophages, resulting in reduced iNOS. Activation of AMPK also promotes phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in the cytoplasm of macrophages to alleviate ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage associated with inflammation.
KAJIAN ETNOSAINS TRADISI MAAUWO DI DANAU BAKUOK SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Ilhami Aldeva , Syahvira Revi , Maisarah Ukhti , Diniya Diniya 
Published: October 2020

<div align="center">Pembelajaran biologi tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan konteks lingkungan termasuk kearifan lokal. Tradisi <em>maauwo</em> merupakan kegiatan penangkapan ikan hanya boleh dilakukan sekali dalam 1 tahun di kabupaten kampar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan merekonstruksi pengetahuan sains ilmiah <em>(scientific knowledge) </em>dari<em> </em>tradisi <em>maauwo</em>. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis etnosains dengan metode wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles-Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi <em>maauwo</em> sebagai salah bagian dalam sistem pengelolaan sumber daya perairan di danau bakuok. Masyarakat dilarang mengambil ikan dalam periode tertentu, dilarang untuk menyentrum maupun meracuni ikan serta menanami sawit di tepi danau bakuok. Penerapan aturan tersebut memiliki nilai konservasi lingkungan untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekologi di danau bakuok. Kearifan lokal <em>maauwo</em> di danau bakuok memiliki potensi sebagai sumber belajar biologi pada materi pelestarian ekosistem dan pencemaran lingkungan. </div>
IMAGENS DO NECROCAPITALISMO NO BRASIL: A INDÚSTRIA MINERADORA DE NIÓBIO
Authors: De Lima Ana Flávia Martins , Oliveira Cíntia Rodrigues de 
Published: October 2020

Este registro fotográfico teve como objetivo capturar os mundos de morte resultantes de práticas necrocapitalistas de acumulação de capital na indústria do nióbio e a resistência das populações tradicionais no município de Catalão, Goiás. A partir da análise de documentos e do material fotográfico foi possível caracterizar as práticas de acumulação como crimes corporativos perpetrados em um contexto de exploração neocolonial marcado pela subalternidade do Estado a grandes corporações justificado por meio do discurso do desenvolvimento cujos efeitos englobam a expropriação das comunidades, a destruição dos meios de vida e a resistência das populações tradicionais.
Research on vibration response of a reducer of electric vehicle
Authors: Xu Peiyun , Li Huibin , Hu Dongmei , Cao Cheng 
Published: October 2020

In order to study the vibration response of reducer of electric vehicle, a model for the reducer is established in ANSYS Motion, a multi-body dynamics software. Firstly, a 3D model of the reducer is built, including such assemblies as its shaft, gears, bearing, and its case. Secondly, based on the finite element model, the modal simulation is carried out. Finally, under the specified operating condition when the motor speed increases from 0 rpm to 10000 rpm, with using the STFT method, the vibration response of the reducer is obtained through the multi-body dynamics simulation. After comparing the simulation results between different marked nodes, the conclusion indicates that this process can calculate the vibration characteristics of the reducer quickly and accurately and can lay the foundation for the structural optimization in terms of vibration and acoustic properties.
Multi-objective optimization of CFRP engine hood considering dynamic performance based on surrogate model
Authors: Gao Yunkai , Chen Jiaju , Liu Zhe , Yuan Ze 
Published: October 2020

This paper uses a steel engine hood as a prototype to design a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) engine hood, analyzes the dynamic performance of the engine hood and optimizes the dynamic stiffness index while considering lightweight of the structure. Taking the layer thickness of each ply orientation of the CFRP engine hood as the design variable, the optimal Latin hypercube design (Opt-LHD) method is applied for uniform sampling. Moreover, the Kriging model method and response surface model (RSM) method are used to construct the surrogate model of the total mass, equivalent dynamic stiffness of critical points, and the first-order modal frequency. Then the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm NSGA-II is used for multi-objective optimization with the equivalent dynamic stiffness and mass of the CFRP engine hood as the optimization objective. Finally, the optimized CFRP engine hood was trial-produced and compared with the original steel engine hood. The results indicate that the optimized CFRP engine hood has better dynamic stiffness performance; furthermore, the lightweight effect reaches 24.4 %.
Uncertainties and risks in reservoir operations under changing hydroclimatic conditions
Authors: Aljoda Ali , Jain Shaleen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Uncertainties and risks associated with hydroclimatic variations pose a challenge to the management and planning of water resources systems. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding the changing hydrologic regime of the Feather River Basin (FRB) and its impacts on water resources decision variables (i.e., storage requirement and performance of a water supply reservoir). A simple storage–yield–reliability model (S–Y–R) is used to quantify the risk of the stationary-based designed reservoir under the temporal variation and nonstationarity in N-year blocks of the Feather River Inflow into Lake Oroville (FRI). Furthermore, the potential linkages of the long-term variability in the FRI to climate variations are investigated by applying wavelet spectrum and coherence analysis to the FRI and atmospheric–oceanic indices (e.g., ENSO and PDO). The results show substantial variations in the FRB hydrologic regime over different timescales with episodes of abrupt shifts toward significantly higher storage requirements, and decrease in the reservoir performance during historical periods of high FRI variance and lag-1 serial correlation. Although the mean inflows are high, the storage capacity is increased by (a) 38 and 48% due to the 5 and 20% increase in the FRI variance during the periods 1904–1953 and 1960–2009, respectively, and (b) 34% due to the increase in the serial correlation coefficient in the period of 1750–1799. Likewise, reservoir performance significantly decreased for the same reasons in the same critical periods. The reliability and resilience dropped to 74 and 29% (1904–1953) and to 76 and 50% (1960–2009 period) due to the increased variance of FRI, while vulnerability reached 70% during the high lag-1 correlations in 1532–1581 and 1564–1613, and 40% in 1904–1953 due to the high FRI variance. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence analysis observes strong associations between the streamflow and climate teleconnection patterns in specific periodic cycles during the same critical periods which link the variability in FRI and decision variables to the hydroclimatic variations. These linkages give a primary indication for the reservoir storage requirement characterization.