bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on feeding and weight of moderate and late preterm neonates
Authors: Nyaga Emily Muthoni , Basiouny Nehad Sabry , Esamai Fabian Omoding , Mansy Gamalat El-Sayed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Owing to immaturity of their body systems, preterm neonates are susceptible to feeding intolerance, slowed growth and long hospitalization periods among others. Tactile-kinesthetic stimulation, a moderate pressure of the skin and joint movement has been widely researched on among preterm neonates; the studies have predominately focused on weight gain and the potential underlying mechanism. This study focuses on effect of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on amount of feeds, feeding intolerance and weight of moderate and late preterm neonates. Methods: A quasi-experimental study comprising 72 preterm neonates born at 28 to <37 weeks gestation age (GA) was conducted. Subjects were divided into two groups; control and tactile-kinesthetic stimulation (TKS). Neonates in the TKS group received massage for 15 minutes per session; 3 times a day for 10 days while control group had standard nursery care. Neonates’ amount of feeds and signs of feeding intolerance were assessed on days 3, 10, 17, and 23 of life while weight was measured on alternate days stating on day 3 up to day 23. Mann Whitney U test, Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine whether there was any difference in feeding parameters and weight between TKS and control groups. Results: Although amount of feeds didn’t differ between the groups, TKS group neonates had fewer episodes of feeding intolerance compared to those in control group on the 10 th ( p = .03), 17 th ( p = .00), and 23 th ( p = .00) day of life. Moderate preterm neonates didn’t differ in weight gain however; late preterm neonates in TKS group had significantly more weight gain than the control. Conclusion: Tactile-kinesthetic stimulation reduces feeding intolerance and enhance weight gain in moderate preterm neonates. Key words: Preterm neonates, tactile-kinesthetic stimulation, feeding intolerance, and weight. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04287322, registered on 27/02/2020. Retrospectively registered.
Metabolic diversity and co-occurrence of multiple Ferrovum species at an acid mine drainage site
Authors: Grettenberger Christen , Havig Jeff , Hamilton Trinity 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Ferrovum spp. are abundant in acid mine drainage sites globally where they play an important role in biogeochemical cycling. All known taxa in this genus are Fe(II) oxidizers. Thus, co-occurring members of the genus could be competitors within the same environment. However, we found multiple, co-occurring Ferrovum spp. in Cabin Branch, an acid mine drainage site in the Daniel Boone National Forest, KY. Results Here we describe the distribution of Ferrovum spp. within the Cabin Branch communities and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of two new Ferrovum spp.. In contrast to previous studies, we recovered multiple 16S rRNA gene sequence variants suggesting the commonly used 97% cutoff may not be appropriate to differentiate Ferrovum spp. We also retrieved two nearly-complete Ferrovum spp. genomes from metagenomic data. The genomes of these taxa differ in several key ways relating to nutrient cycling, motility, and chemotaxis. Conclusions Previously reported Ferrovum genomes are also diverse with respect to these categories suggesting that the genus Ferrovum contains substantial metabolic diversity. This diversity likely explains how the members of this genus successfully co-occur in Cabin Branch and why Ferrovum spp. are abundant across geochemical gradients.
Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of Lanraplenib, a Novel Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Models of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Pohlmeyer Christopher W. , Shang Ching , Han Pei , Cui Zhi-Hua , Jones Randall M. , Clarke Astrid S. , Murray Bernard P. , Lopez David A. , Newstrom David W. , Inzunza M. David , Matzkies Franziska G. , Currie Kevin S. , Paolo Julie A. Di 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background B cells are critical mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), and antinuclear antibodies can be found in the serum of approximately 98% of patients with SLE. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling from immunoreceptors, including the B cell receptor. Active, phosphorylated SYK has been observed in tissues from patients with SLE or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and its inhibition is hypothesized to ameliorate disease pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and characterize the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a selective oral SYK inhibitor, in the New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) murine model of SLE and LN. Methods Lanraplenib was evaluated for inhibition of primary human B cell functions in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of SYK inhibition on ameliorating LN-like disease in vivo was determined by treating diseased NZB/W mice with lanraplenib, cyclophosphamide, or a vehicle control. Glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition were quantified in kidneys. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured in serum. Splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation, and the presence of T follicular helper and dendritic cells. Results In human B cells in vitro, lanraplenib inhibited B cell activating factor-mediated survival as well as activation, maturation, and immunoglobulin M production. Treatment of NZB/W mice with lanraplenib improved overall survival, prevented the development of proteinuria, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Kidney morphology was significantly preserved by treatment with lanraplenib as measured by glomerular diameter, protein cast severity, interstitial inflammation, vasculitis, and frequency of glomerular crescents; treatment with lanraplenib reduced glomerular IgG deposition. Mice treated with lanraplenib had reduced concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Lanraplenib blocked disease-driven B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation in the spleen. Conclusions Lanraplenib blocked the progression of LN-like disease in NZB/W mice. Human in vitro and murine in vivo data suggest that lanraplenib may be efficacious in preventing disease progression in patients with LN at least in part by inhibiting B cell maturation. These data provide additional rationale for the use of lanraplenib in the treatment of SLE and LN.
WITHDRAWN: A robust speaker recognition based on Data augmentation
Authors: Li Chenqi , Lu Haoyuan , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is known that large-scale training data can get the better effect of recognition. However, it is difficult to collect a lot of labeled training data for speaker recognition. At the same time, the performance of speaker recognition is greatly influenced by environmental noise. In this paper, we use data augmentation by adding noise to get much training data and improve the robustness of speaker recognition. The experimental results demonstrate that data augmentation have the better performance improvement on Chinese-863 database.
High Flow Nasal Oxygen for Acute Type 2 Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Alnajada Asem , Blackwood Bronagh , Almobrad Abdulmajeed , Akhtar Adeel , Shyamsundar Murali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute Type 2 respiratory failure (AT2RF) is defined by hypercapnia (>6kPa) and these patients require ventilatory support in a significant proportion of cases. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is effective in preventing escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) but has a high failure rate. High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is a novel device that integrates humidified air with oxygen at flow rates of up to 60 L/min. Various additional benefits including carbon-di-oxide (CO2) clearance have been attributed to HFNO. This systematic review aims to determine whether the use of HFNO for patients with AT2RF 1) improves arterial CO2 (PaCO2), 2) improves other clinical and patient-centred outcomes and 3) assess any potential harms.MethodSearches for relevant studies will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, with no language restrictions. In addition, we will search Google Scholar and the references of all articles for any pertinent studies not found in our initial search. With the assistance of a professional librarian, we will develop a systematic search strategy using appropriate keywords and MeSH terms. We will identify trials that examined the efficacy of HFNO in adult AT2RF patients. We will include randomised trials and observational studies that compared two or more modalities of oxygen delivery that includes high flow nasal oxygen as one of the modes with the comparator being low flow oxygen and/or non-invasive ventilation. The primary outcome is change in PaCO2 level while other clinical and patient centred outcomes will be collected. Two reviewers will independently assess studies for eligibility, data extraction and quality appraisal. We will conduct a meta-analysis and/or a narrative summary as appropriate.DiscussionHFNO is utilised extensively in clinical practice with widening indications of use. The effects of HFNO includes CO2 clearance and PEEP benefits that may be beneficial to patients with AT2RF. While current publications indicate a beneficial role, no systematic review has attempted to summarise the evidence for this indication. The results of the proposed systematic review will summarise the current evidence to guide practice, guideline development and the design of future trials.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019148748. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/)
Extended Input–Output Model for Urbanization An Empirical Test Using Chinese Data
Authors: Okamoto Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although the input–output model has been widely used for both pure economic analysis and environmental issues, demographic analysis has been relegated to the periphery in the input–output literature. Since the 1980s, Batey and his various co-researchers have made a significant contribution to the progress of economic–demographic modeling from the perspective of unemployment in the context of shrinking regional economies. This study focuses on another demographic aspect of the urbanization process by developing an extended input–output model for urbanization, using the so-called Batey–Madden model, which focuses on incorporating labor accounts with the input–output model. The study proposes a new “urbanization multiplier,” which implies strong population concentration in cities based on an employment multiplier in urban areas and labor allocation possibilities between urban and rural areas. According to a preliminary application to Chinese urbanization, economic structure can be said to determine the urbanization multiplier, indicating the extent of employment opportunities created in urban areas, and the size of the population attracted from rural areas. Furthermore, the study considers a wide range of possible applications of the input–output table in terms of urbanization.
Quantification of Arterial, Venous, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Under Simulated Micro-Gravity Conditions: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zahid Arslan , Martin Bryn , Collins Stephanie , Oshinski John N. , Ethier Christopher Ross 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight are exposed to numerous health risks, including Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), a spectrum of ophthalmic changes that can result in permanent loss of visual acuity. The etiology of SANS is not well understood but is thought to involve changes in cerebrovascular flow dynamics in response to microgravity. There is a paucity of knowledge in this area; in particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics have not been well characterized under microgravity conditions. Our study was designed to determine the effect of simulated microgravity (head-down tilt [HDT]) on cerebrovascular flow dynamics. We hypothesized that under microgravity conditions simulated by HDT, increased pressure in the intracranial space would alter intracranial CSF and venous flow dynamics by causing: 1) venous congestion reflected by increased venous cross-sectional area; and 2) a decrease in cardiac-related CSF flow oscillations. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we measured flow in major cerebral arteries, veins, and CSF spaces in fifteen healthy volunteers using phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) before and during 15° HDT. Results: We found a significant increase in venous cross-sectional area with HDT (p=0.005), indicating venous congestion, along with a decrease in all CSF flow parameters [systolic peak flow (p=0.009), peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p=0.001), and stroke volume (p=0.10)]. Arterial average flow (p=0.04), systolic peak flow (p=0.04), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p=0.02) all also significantly decreased. Conclusions: These results collectively demonstrate that acute application of 15° HDT caused a reduction in CSF flow parameters (systolic peak flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude), coupled with an increase in venous CSA suggesting increased venous congestion with HDT.
Development of a water quality index for watercourses downstream of harvested peatlands
Authors: Betis Hermine , St-Hilaire André , Fortin Claude , Duchesne Sophie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to adapt the Water Quality Index of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME WQI) for its application to water quality assessment of drainage water and watercourses downstream of peat harvesting operations. It integrates different parameters that potentially reflect the overall water quality condition of a stream. Thus, it is calculated using multivariate water quality data and accounts for their conformity with respect to water quality guidelines. Adaptation of the index proceeded to identify, through a literature review, the physico-chemical parameters that may change due to peat harvesting. The CCME WQI was used to compare water quality of receiving watercourses to that of streams located within a 200 km radius from the study sites in three regions of Quebec. The availability of water quality data guided the selection of parameters among those identified. They are ammonia, conductivity, pH and suspended sediment concentrations. Results indicated a significant difference between WQI values of water from harvested peatlands and those of streams in two of the three regions studied. Results have also shown that it is the pH guideline that is not respected in most cases for harvested peatlands.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Exploration of Neem Gum, Acrylamide Grafted Neem Gum and Carboxymethylated Neem Gum as Retardant in Tablet Formulation
Authors: Malviya Rishabha 
Published: March 2020

Background:
In the previous study, investigators have synthesized acrylamide grafted and
carboxymethylated derivatives of neem gum and evaluated their potential in the formulation of nanoparticles.
In continuation of previous work, authors have evaluated neem gum polysaccharide (NGP),
acrylamide grafted neem gum polysaccharide (NGP-g-Am) and carboxymethylated neem gum polysaccharide
(CMNGP) as binding agent in the tablet dosage form.

Methods:
Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug while microcrystalline cellulose and talc
were used as excipient in the preparation of granules employing wet granulation technique. NGP,
NGP-g-Am and CMNGP were utilized as binding agent in the preparation of granules. Prepared
granules were characterized for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters.

Results and Discussion:
Binding agents were used in the concentration of 4-24%w/w. NGP incorporated
granules showed more bulk density and lower values of tapped density, Carr’s index, bulkiness,
Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose as compared to NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP-g-Am consisting
tablets showed more hardness and zero friability as compared to NGP based tablets. Drug
content was found lower for the tablets having grafted polymer in place of NGP. CMNGP were also
utilized to prepare granules but granules were not be able to compress keeping all the compacting parameters
same as used in the case of NGP and NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP and NGP-g-Am
were able to sustain drug release up to 6 and 8 h, respectively.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that NGP-g-Am induces better properties when used as a binder in
the tablet formulation than native polymer, while CMNGP cannot be utilized as a binding agent in
the preparation of a tablet.
CSF Levels of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide are Reduced in Patients with Untreated Narcolepsy Type 1: A Pilot Study
Authors: Romigi Andrea , Bari Monica , Liguori Claudio , Izzi Francesca , Rapino Cinzia , Nuccetelli Marzia , Battista Natalia , Bernardini Sergio , Centonze Diego , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Placidi Fabio , Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: March 2020

Background :
Endocannabinoids (ECs) modulate both excitatory and inhibitory components
in the CNS. There is a growing body of evidence that shows ECs influence both hypothalamic orexinergic
and histaminergic neurons involved in narcolepsy physiopathology. Therefore, ECs may influence
sleep and sleep-wake cycle.

Objective :
To evaluate EC levels in the CSF of untreated narcoleptic patients to test whether ECs are
dysregulated in Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1) and Type 2 (NT2).

Methods :
We compared CSF Anandamide (AEA), 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and orexin in narcoleptic
drug-naïve patients and in a sample of healthy subjects.

Results :
We compared NT1 (n=6), NT2 (n=6), and healthy controls (n=6). We found significantly
reduced AEA levels in NT1 patients compared to both NT2 and controls. No differences were found
between AEA levels in NT2 versus controls and between 2-AG levels in all groups, although a trend
toward a decrease in NT1 was evident. Finally, the CSF AEA level was related to CSF orexin levels in
all subjects.

Conclusion :
We demonstrated that the EC system is dysregulated in NT1.
Technical Support System for Power System Load Modeling
Authors: Sun Tiantian , Bian Shaorun , Sun Yu , Wang Zhenshu , Li Wenqiao , Chong Fayu 
Published: March 2020

Background:
In order to better establish accurate load models and meet the practical
demand of current power system load modeling, it is necessary to establish related technical support
systems for power system load modeling.

Objective:
The purpose of the paper was to construct the overall scheme of power system load
modeling technology support system and complete the development of the system.

Methods:
Based on the modular design idea, the system adopts a multi-level architecture combining
B/S and C/S modes, covering the key technologies of substation classification based on selforganizing
neural network algorithm, load dynamic characteristic classification based on lifting
wavelet packet algorithm, load model parameter identification and load modeling based on adaptive
interactive multiple model (AIMM) algorithm.

Results:
After actual operation verification, the built technology support system can well solve the
related problems of substation classification, load dynamic characteristic classification, load model
parameter identification and load modeling. It has the characteristics of a friendly man-machine interface,
simple operation and strong extensibility.

Conclusion:
The built technology support system provides powerful technical support for improving
the load data management level of the power system and establishing an accurate load model,
and promotes the practical process of load modeling theory.
Development and Characterization of Triple Action-Dental Mold
Authors: Sengupta Soma , Sarkhel Shounak , Mukherjee Biswajit 
Published: March 2020

Aim:The aim of the present study was the preparation and in vitro evaluation of polymeric molds with amoxicillin trihydrate, lidocaine hydrochloride, and metronidazole for sustained drug release for prolonged local action on an affected tooth (during carries and gum problems).Background :Periodontal diseases with infection and inflammation cause dental pain. For the treatment of dental problems such as dental pain, analgesics with antibiotics are prescribed at the initial stage.Objective:The main objective of the present study was to develop polymer-based dental mold containing three drugs (amoxicillin trihydrate, lidocaine hydrochloride, and metronidazole) to provide local drug action on the affected tooth or gingiva for a prolonged period of time.Methods:Dental molds were prepared with drugs and the optimum combination of polymers (determined by initial screening) such as corn zein, carbopol 934 P, gum acacia powder and poloxamer 407 by mixing together in ethanol (95%) followed by solvent evaporation. The developed dental molds were evaluated using different in vitro physio-chemical methods such as tooth adhesion test, percent swelling, surface pH, scanning electron microscopy, drug content and drug-release study by simultaneous UV spectroscopy.Results:The mean adhesive strength obtained in our formulation was 46.5 g-wt with a surface pH value of 6.5. The percentage of swelling of the dental molds varied from 43% to 73% in 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed very small and uniformly distributed drug particles in the matrix. Drug loading was high and reproducible. The cumulative percentage release of lidocaine hydrochloride, amoxicillin trihydrate and metronidazole in vitro was about 93.81%, 59.67%, and 48.7%, respectively, over 24 h.Conclusion:The developed dental mold containing three drugs may be applied to the affected tooth for prolonged drug action locally and an easy option to relieve from dental pain and infection by local drug action.