bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium and Residue Management Options to Enhance Productivity and Soil Quality in Zero Till Maize–Wheat Rotation
Authors: Madar Raghavendra , Singh Yudh Vir , Meena Mahesh Chand , Das Tapas Kumar , Gaind Sunita , Verma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrop residue burning and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cereal–cereal rotations are present ecological threats in any agro‐ecosystem of the world. Therefore, identification of best suitable agricultural practices can be a feasible option. The present experiment was initiated in 2013 and consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha−1) and five potassium (K) levels (0, 50, 100, 150% recommended dose of K and 50%RDK+K solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Crop residue (CR) and K management significantly improve crop and soil quality associated parameters. Among the treatments, maximum increase in crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, quality aspects, and water productivity are recorded with the application of 4–6 Mg ha−1 CR. Application of 50%RDK+KSB also significantly increases crop and soil related parameters. Soil quality indicators (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients) do not vary significantly with CR and K management. Change in soil organic carbon status, soil enzymes, and potassium‐solubilizing bacterial count are significantly increased with 4–6 Mg ha−1 CR and application of 50%RDK+KSB, and this is in accordance with correlation study carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that CR retention (4–6 Mg ha−1) and reduction of inorganic K fertilizer by 50% and inoculation of KSB enhance the soil quality indicators and thereby improve crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, and quality aspects along with water productivity under zero till maize–wheat rotation.
Health‐related quality of life among breast cancer survivors and noncancer controls over 10 years: Pink SWAN
Authors: Avis Nancy E. , Levine Beverly , Goyal Neha , Crawford Sybil L. , Hess Rachel , Colvin Alicia , Bromberger Joyce T. , Greendale Gail A. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to compare health‐related quality of life (HRQL) from diagnosis to 10 years postdiagnosis among breast cancer survivors (BCS) and women without cancer over the same period and to identify BCS subgroups exhibiting different HRQL trajectories.MethodsOur analysis included 141 BCS and 2086 controls from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiracial/ethnic cohort study of mid‐life women assessed approximately annually from 1995 to 2015. Pink SWAN participants reported no cancer at SWAN enrollment and developed (cases) or did not develop (controls) incident breast cancer after enrollment. We assessed HRQL with SF‐36 Mental Component Summary and Physical Component Summary scores. We modeled each as a function of case/control status, years since diagnosis, years since diagnosis squared, and the interaction terms between case/control status and the 2 time variables in linear models. We characterized heterogeneity in postdiagnosis HRQL of cases using group‐based trajectories.ResultsBCS had significantly lower HRQL compared with controls at diagnosis and 1 year postdiagnosis. By 2 years, BCS and controls no longer differed significantly. Among BCS, 2 trajectory groups were identified for both scores. For the Mental Component Summary, 88.4% of BCS had consistently good and 11.6% had very low scores. For the Physical Component Summary, 73.9% had good scores, and 26.1% had consistently low scores. Prediagnosis perceived stress and current smoking were related to being in the low mental trajectory group, and a higher number of comorbidities was related to being in the low physical trajectory group.ConclusionAlthough the majority of BCS have HRQL similar to non‐cancer controls after 2 years, subgroups of BCS continue to have low HRQL. Prediagnosis stress, comorbidities, and smoking are vulnerability factors for long‐term, low HRQL in BCS.
Pharmacokinetics of Cenobamate: Results From Single and Multiple Oral Ascending‐Dose Studies in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Vernillet Laurent , Greene Stephen A. , Kamin Marc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCenobamate (YKP3089) is an antiepileptic drug recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal (partial‐onset) seizures in adults. The objectives of a first‐in‐human single‐ascending‐dose study and 3 multiple‐ascending‐dose studies were to characterize the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of cenobamate after single‐dose and multiple‐dose administration in healthy subjects. The 4 randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind studies were conducted in 210 healthy subjects receiving single (5 to 750 mg) or multiple (50 to 600 mg/day) oral doses of cenobamate or placebo using capsule formulation. Safety assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and laboratory evaluations. Maximum plasma concentrations of cenobamate were observed between 0.8 and 4.0 hours after oral administration. Cmax increased in a dose‐proportional manner for single‐ and multiple‐dose administration across all tested doses. Although the AUC of cenobamate increased in a more than dose‐proportional manner after single‐dose administration, a dose‐proportional increase in cenobamate AUCτ was observed after multiple dosing from 50 to 500 mg/day. Cenobamate exhibited low oral clearance (decreasing from approximately 1.4 to 0.50 L/h with dose increase) and long terminal half‐life (range, approximately 30 to 76 hours with increasing dose). Steady‐state was attained after approximately 2 weeks, and the accumulation ratio was approximately 5 over the 50 to 300 mg/day range. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of cenobamate are consistent with once‐daily dosing. Most TEAEs were mild in severity, 2 serious TEAEs were reported, and no deaths occurred across all studies. Except for multiple daily doses of 600 mg, all doses were generally well tolerated.
Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Assisted Synthesis of Ternary Heterojunctions for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Photocatalysis
Authors: Jaihindh Dhayanantha Prabu , Manikandan Arumugam , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Fu Yen‐Pei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHierarchical nano‐/microstructured photocatalysts have drawn attention for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been used as a green sustainable media to act as both solvent and structure‐inducing agent in the synthesis of hierarchical nanomaterials. In this work, the DESs‐assisted synthesis of flower‐structured BiOCl/BiVO4 (BOC/BVO) with g‐C3N4 (BOC/BVO/g‐CN) ternary heterojunctions was achieved by using a simple wet‐chemical method, providing good acidic and alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. BOC/BVO/g‐CN‐15 achieved an enhanced photocatalytic activity for OER with an overpotential of 570 mV in 1 m H2SO4 and 220 mV in 1 m KOH electrolyte at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with excellent stability and extraordinary durability of the catalyst. The ternary heterojunctions displayed extended lifetimes for photogenerated charges and enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which is helpful to enhance the photocatalytic OER. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterojunctions in aqueous solution was demonstrated through photocatalytic dye degradation of methyl orange (MO) as a model pollutant, resulting in 95 % degradation of 20 ppm of MO in 210 min under the irradiation of a 35 W Xe arc lamp. This work not only provides new insight into the design of catalysts by using green solvents but also into the design of highly efficient metal‐free OER photocatalysts for applications in acidic and alkaline media.
Disentangling direct and indirect effects of habitat fragmentation on wild plants' pollinator visits and seed production
Authors: Lázaro Amparo , Fuster Francisco , Alomar David , Totland Ørjan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHabitat fragmentation threatens plant and pollinator communities, as well as their interactions. However, the effects of landscape fragmentation on the pollination of wild plant species are not well understood yet, partly because there are many correlated features in fragmented landscapes (e.g., decreased patch size, increased isolation, and patch complexity) whose influences are difficult to disentangle. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape fragmentation (patch size, isolation and complexity, percentage of surrounding land in forest) on the abundance, functional‐group richness, and evenness of pollinators of 24 habitat fragments within an agricultural landscape in Southern Norway. In addition, we studied how these variables affected visitation rates (visits per flower) and seed production (seed set, seed mass) in the four most abundant plant species in the area. Flower abundance was higher in larger and complex patches and decreased with the percentage of forest in the surroundings, while flower richness increased with patch complexity. We found a direct negative relationship between patch complexity and the overall number of pollinator visits that the habitat fragments received. Apart from this direct landscape effect, pollinator visits were mostly affected by the floral communities, with overall flower abundance and richness increasing both total number of pollinator visits and pollinator‐group richness, and flower richness having an additional negative influence on pollinator‐group evenness. Interestingly, we did not find any direct link between visitation rates and reproductive success for any of the study plant species. Instead, several landscape variables directly affected species seed production, although the effects of landscape on seed production were highly species specific. Patch complexity had a negative effect on seed production in two of the four focal species, while other components of the landscape had species‐specific effects. Increasing fragmentation of agricultural landscapes affects pollination interactions at the community level and the reproduction of wild plants. However, understanding the effects of fragmentation on seed production requires going beyond estimating visitation rates, since landscape effects on plant reproduction are not always related to overall interaction frequencies.
Multiscale drivers of phytoplankton communities in north‐temperate lakes
Authors: Loewen Charlie J. G. , Wyatt Faye R. , Mortimer Colleen A. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. , Zurawell Ron W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiple factors operating across different spatial and temporal scales affect β‐diversity, the variation in community composition among sites. Disentangling the relative influence of co‐occurring ecological drivers over broad biogeographic gradients and time is critical to developing mechanistic understanding of community responses to natural environmental heterogeneity as well as predicting the effects of anthropogenic change. We partitioned taxonomic β‐diversity in phytoplankton communities across 75 north‐temperate lakes and reservoirs in Alberta, Canada, using data‐driven, spatially constrained null models to differentiate between spatially structured, spatially independent, and spuriously correlated associations with a suite of biologically relevant environmental variables. Phytoplankton β‐diversity was largely independent of space, indicating spatial processes (e.g., dispersal limitation) likely play a minor role in structuring communities at the regional scale. Our analysis also identified seasonal differences in the importance of environmental factors, suggesting a general shift toward greater relevance of local, in‐lake (e.g., nutrients and Secchi depth) over regional, atmospheric and catchment‐level (e.g., monthly solar radiation and grassland coverage) drivers as the open‐water growing season progressed. Several local and regional variables explained taxonomic variation jointly, reflecting climatic and land‐use linkages (e.g., air temperature and water column stability or pastureland and nutrient enrichment) that underscore the importance of understanding how phytoplankton communities integrate, and may serve as sentinels of, broader anthropogenic changes. We also discovered similar community composition in natural and constructed water bodies, demonstrating rapid filtering of regional species to match local environmental conditions in reservoirs comparable to those in natural habitats. Finally, certain factors related to human footprint (e.g., cropland development) explained the composition of bloom‐forming and/or toxic cyanobacteria more than the overall phytoplankton community, suggesting their heightened importance to integrated watershed management.
Fuel treatment effectiveness in the context of landform, vegetation, and large, wind‐driven wildfires
Authors: Prichard Susan J. , Povak Nicholas A. , Kennedy Maureen C. , Peterson David W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge wildfires (>50,000 ha) are becoming increasingly common in semiarid landscapes of the western United States. Although fuel reduction treatments are used to mitigate potential wildfire effects, they can be overwhelmed in wind‐driven wildfire events with extreme fire behavior. We evaluated drivers of fire severity and fuel treatment effectiveness in the 2014 Carlton Complex, a record‐setting complex of wildfires in north‐central Washington State. Across varied topography, vegetation, and distinct fire progressions, we used a combination of simultaneous autoregression (SAR) and random forest (RF) approaches to model drivers of fire severity and evaluated how fuel treatments mitigated fire severity. Predictor variables included fuel treatment type, time since treatment, topographic indices, vegetation and fuels, and weather summarized by progression interval. We found that the two spatial regression methods are generally complementary and are instructive as a combined approach for landscape analyses of fire severity. Simultaneous autoregression improves upon traditional linear models by incorporating information about neighboring pixel burn severity, which avoids type I errors in coefficient estimates and incorrect inferences. Random forest modeling provides a flexible modeling environment capable of capturing complex interactions and nonlinearities while still accounting for spatial autocorrelation through the use of spatially explicit predictor variables. All treatment areas burned with higher proportions of moderate and high‐severity fire during early fire progressions, but thin and underburn, underburn only, and past wildfires were more effective than thin‐only and thin and pile burn treatments. Treatment units had much greater percentages of unburned and low severity area in later progressions that burned under milder fire weather conditions, and differences between treatments were less pronounced. Our results provide evidence that strategic placement of fuels reduction treatments can effectively reduce localized fire spread and severity even under severe fire weather. During wind‐driven fire spread progressions, fuel treatments that were located on leeward slopes tended to have lower fire severity than treatments located on windward slopes. As fire and fuels managers evaluate options for increasing landscape resilience to future climate change and wildfires, strategic placement of fuel treatments may be guided by retrospective studies of past large wildfire events.
Mapping the estuarine ecosystem service of pollutant removal using empirically validated boosted regression tree models
Authors: Lohrer Andrew M. , Stephenson Fabrice , Douglas Emily J. , Townsend Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHumans rely on the natural environment and benefit from the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Quantification and mapping of ecosystem services (ES) is required to better protect valued ES benefits under pressure from anthropogenic activities. The removal of excess nitrogen, a recognized catchment‐derived pollutant, by biota in estuarine soft sediments is an important ES that potentially ameliorates the development of eutrophication symptoms. Here, we quantified estuarine benthic sediment characteristics and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), a proxy of inorganic N removal, at 109 sites in four estuaries to develop a general (“global”) model for predicting DEA. Our initial global model for linking DEA and environmental characteristics had good explanatory power, with sediment mud content having the strongest influence on DEA (60%), followed by sediment organic matter content (≈35%) and sediment chlorophyllacontent (≈5%). Predicted and empirically evaluated DEA values in a fifth estuary (Whitford,n = 90 validation sites) were positively correlated (r = 0.77), and the fit and certainty of the model (based on two types of uncertainty measures) increased further after the validation sites were incorporated into it. The model tended to underpredict DEA at the upper end of its range (at the muddier, more organically enriched sites), and the relative roles of the three environmental predictors differed in Whitford relative to the four previously sampled estuaries (reducing the explained deviance relative to the initial global model). Our detailed quantification of DEA and methodological description for producing empirically validated maps, complete with uncertainty information, represents an important first step in the construction of nutrient pollution removal ES maps for use in coastal marine spatial management. This technique can likely be adapted to map other ecosystem functions and ES proxies worldwide.
Super broadband acoustic impedance matching by MUT‐type acoustic metamaterial
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Machida Shuntaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe show the structure and matching theory of MUT‐type acoustic matching device. A simulation model of the finite element method was constructed and the following evaluations were made: (1) analysis of the stress distribution inside the proposed device in order to find the mechanism of ultrasound propagation, (2) comparison of the performance as an acoustic matching device with the conventional matching layer method in ultrasound frequency, and (3) dependence of acoustic matching performance on design parameters. The MUT‐type acoustic matching device based on the proposed design guidance showed higher acoustic transmittance and wider bandwidth than the conventional 1/4 wavelength acoustic matching system.
Global miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identify miRNA‐26a‐2‐3p‐dependent repression of IFN signature in systemic sclerosis human monocytes
Authors: Ciechomska Marzena , Wojtas Bartosz , Swacha Monika , Olesinska Marzena , Benes Vladimir , Maslinski Wlodzimierz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDysregulation in type I IFN and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) induced by monocytes is one of the key features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis. Abnormalities in microRNA (miRNA) expression are related to excessive IFN production, however the role of miRNA remains largely elusive in SSc monocytes. This study explores global miRNA‐mRNA profiling of SSc monocytes and functional attenuation of IFN and ISGs by specific miRNAs. Global sequencing of mRNA (mRNA‐seq) and miRNA (miRNA‐seq) samples were performed simultaneously on healthy controls and SSc monocytes. Following computational analysis, selected miRNAs–mRNA candidates were validated, correlated with clinical parameters, and tested by functional assays. Transcriptomics data and qPCR analysis confirmed IFN signature in SSc but not in rheumatoid arthritis monocytes. Based on miRNA‐seq analysis, five miRNAs were selected for further validation. Only the expression patterns of miRNA‐26a‐2‐3p and miRNA‐485‐3p were confirmed and negatively correlated with clinical parameters. Exogenous delivery of miRNA‐26a‐2‐3p to TLR‐stimulated monocytic THP‐1 cells specifically inhibited ISGs but not inflammasome activity in functional assays. In conclusion, our miRNA–mRNA co‐sequencing and functional analysis identify miRNA‐26a‐2‐3p as a new candidate, which is predicated to negatively regulate ISGs. This implies that reduced expression of miRNA‐26a‐2‐3 may be involved in pathogenic IFN signature in SSc monocytes.
In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Berry Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effect on Lipid Peroxidation of Thigh Meat from Broiler Chickens
Authors: Varzaru Iulia , Untea Arabela Elena , Saracila Mihaela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study is designed to evaluate the antioxidant compounds from bilberry, cranberry, and raspberry leaves in connection with their radical scavenging activities, and their potential in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation of thigh meat from broiler chickens. For this purpose, plant extracts are analyzed regarding the content in bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties analysis including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities. Lipid peroxidation is induced by an Fe+3/ascorbic acid system and the inhibitory effects of plants extracts are assessed using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as biomarkers for quantifying lipid oxidation in meat. The overview of the analyzed antioxidant compounds shows that cranberry leaves present the highest concentrations of vitamin E, β‐carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and polyphenols and a total antioxidant capacity with 52% higher than bilberry and 360% than raspberry. Bilberry leaves extract shows the strongest effect (p < 0.0001) in inhibiting meat lipid peroxidation.Practical Applications: The results demonstrate the positive effect of the selected berry leaves in the oxidative stability of broiler chicken meat under in vitro conditions, and may be suggested as an alternative source of natural antioxidants for animal nutrition, with benefits in inhibiting and delaying oxidation, and also enhancing the nutritional value of meat.
Characterization of a natural zeolite with inverse gas chromatography to assess its feasibility as adsorbent
Authors: Díez Eduardo , Gómez José María , Rodríguez Araceli , Martínez Almudena , Sáez Patricia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the dispersive and specific components of the surface energy of clinoptilolite have been obtained by means of IGC technique with the aim of assessing its potential as adsorbent to remove metallic cations from aqueous solutions. The obtained values of the dispersive component range from 22 to 36 mJ/m2, in agreement with the fact that clinoptilolite removal of metal ions takes place mainly due to physisorption. In relation to acid–base properties, the acidic and basic constants of clinoptilolite were found to be KA = 52.4 and KD = 1.5, indicating that this solid is adequate for the removal of metallic cations from aqueous solutions due its acidic surface character.