bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process-Based Design Strengthens theAnalysis of Stream and Floodplain Systems under a Changing Climate
Authors: Fox Garey  A. 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsStream-riparian interactions and preferential flow remain two “unsolved” problems in hydrology.Using mechanistic approaches enables analysis of stream and floodplain systems under future climatic extremes.Engineers should verify stream restoration designs with models that consider stream-riparian interactions.Riparian buffer design models should consider preferential flow and be more widely used for site-specific design. Keywords: . Climate Variability, Floodplain, Preferential flow, Process-based design, Riparian buffer, Stream restoration, Streambank erosion, Vegetative Filter Strip.
Effects of Formic and Levulinic Acids on Butyric Acid Synthesis by Clostridium tyrobutyricum in Xylose Media
Authors: Liu Ying , Geng Yingxi , Zhao Renyong , Zheng Huabao , Yuan Wenqiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Weak acids released during hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass are potential inhibitors of microorganism fermentation. In this study, the effects of formic and levulinic acids on butyric acid synthesis by were investigated. With the addition of 1.2 to 4.8 g L-1 of formic acid, increased lag time, decreased cell density, and lower butyric acid productivity were observed. Up to 15% and 56% reduction in peak cell density and butyric acid productivity, respectively, were caused by formic acid addition, whereas there was no significant difference in butyric acid yield between the control and formic acid treated groups (except for the 2.4 g formic acid L-1 treatment). Levulinic acid did not show any notable effects on within the investigated concentration range (0 to 4.8 g L-1). Overall, showed strong tolerance of both formic and levulinic acids, but neither of these acids could be metabolized by the microbe.HighlightsFormic acid had dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on C. tyrobutyricum.Levulinic acid had no effects on cell growth or butyrate synthesis.Neither formic acid nor levulinic acid was metabolized by C. tyrobutyricum.C. tyrobutyricum showed strong tolerance to formic acid and levulinic acid. Keywords: Butyric acid, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Formic acid, Levulinic acid, Lignocellulosic hydrolysate, Xylose.
Mode insensitive switch for on-chip interconnect mode division multiplexing systems
Authors: Zhang Guowu , Mojaver Hassan Rahbardar , Das Alok , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile 
Published: January 2020

A mode insensitive switch is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform using a balanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure with a mode insensitive phase shifter for on-chip mode division multiplexing interconnects. Switching the first three quasi-transverse electric (TE) modes, consuming less than 40 mW power is demonstrated. The whole system exhibits approximately

−

2

,

−
3.7

, and

−

5.2

d
B

insertion loss for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes at 1550 nm, respectively. The corresponding crosstalk is less than

−

8.6

(

−
9

)
,

−
8

(

−
10.3

)

, and

−

10

d
B

(

−

10.3

d
B

) within the wavelength range of 40 nm (1535–1575 nm) for the cross (bar) states, respectively. The extinction ratios (ERs) for the cross (bar) states are 20.1 (19.5), 22.8 (33.7), and 15.4 dB (18.1 dB) for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes at 1550 nm, respectively. The payload transmission is also conducted using non-return-to-zero pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS)-31 data signals at 10 Gb/s for single-mode transmission and simultaneous three-mode transmissions. For all the scenarios, open eyes are observed.
Cultural homestay enterprises: Sustainability factors in Kiangan, Ifugao
Authors: Escolar-Jimenez Caryl Charlene 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to the continuing discussion about the community-based tradition of sustainability in small tourism enterprises. An analysis is made of cultural homestay enterprises at a UNESCO World Heritage town in Kiangan, Ifugao as it examines the standardized nature and the effect of the regionalized homestay identity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The findings revealed that regional organizations in the ASEAN have focused on improving their competitiveness by marketing homestay tourism product globally. Homestay operations in the region which are holistic in strategy are the 'hard' factors that monitor and systematize the process, while closely related factors arising from culture are said to be the 'soft' elements. The subsequent overlap of the two affect the local enterprises as a whole and consequently promote further homestay tourism. An important implication from these findings are the three foundation variables of cultural tradition and heritage, cultural identity and infrastructure ventilation that is specific to the Philippines. The stronger, embedded and authentic these foundation variables are, the more successful and profitable these small tourism firms will be as this equates to tourist arrivals.
A Religião Cristã e a Evolução da Ciência: Considerações Históricas / Christianity Religion and the Evolution of Science: Historical Considerations
Authors: Melo Júlio de Fátimo Rodrigues de , Vieira Werner Bessa 
Published: January 2020

A fé é parte integrante do homem, está com ele desde o nascimento, associada à fé sempre existe uma religião, que seria como um estado mítico, para muitos, uma forma de explicação ultrapassada. Enquanto que a ciência seria o motor do progresso e do conhecimento, conhecimento esse que transforma o mundo proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida aos seres humanos. A religião embora detentora de conhecimentos metafísicos, não deixa de fornecer repostas para grandes questões que afligem a humanidade, como por exemplo: por que existimos? De onde viemos? Para onde vamos? Há vida após a morte? Por que estamos aqui? Etc. Existe conflito entre ciência e religião? O fato de que no passado a Igreja Romana era detentora do conhecimento teológico e científico é inegável, pois determinava o céu, o inferno e também a rotação dos planetas. O século XVIII trouxe consigo e ideia de que a religião estava associada ao engano devido a diversos escândalos do alto clero, ouve então o início de uma ruptura entre a ciência e a Igreja. No século XIX desenvolveu-se uma apologética para fazer frente à disseminação do conhecimento científico através do método experimental, que postula que todo conhecimento válido começa da observação e da experiência. Questões metafísicas não tinham lugar nesse tipo de conhecimento, no entanto, a religião nunca deixou de fornecer respostas que envolvem esse tipo de questões. Sabendo que cada uma dessas vertentes fala de coisas diferentes, é possível estabelecer conflito entre elas? Ou elas não têm como competir? É inegável que cada uma a sua maneira, religião e ciência têm oferecido recursos valiosos para uma mudança de consciência ética e de ação entre os seres humanos. Três pontos serão abordados nesse artigo, primeiro, como estava organizado o conhecimento científico antes do cristianismo, segundo a situação do conhecimento científico após o surgimento do cristianismo e terceiro, após a ruptura da ciência com a Igreja e faremos também uma análise acerca dessa ruptura, considerando se foi ou não benéfica.
Achalasia Revealed by Respiratory Failure and Hemodynamic Instability
Authors: Blaney Hanna , Agrawal Nitin , Ashfaq Samir , Naumann Christopher 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Achalasia is a rare condition that most often presents with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids. We report a case of achalasia presenting with acute respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability requiring both ventilator and vasopressor support because of extrinsic compression of the airway and left atrium by a dilated and fluid-filled esophagus. This is the first case reported of achalasia, causing both left atrial compression and airway compression.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma With Synchronous Colonic Metastases
Authors: Yewale Rohan , Ramakrishna Banumathi , Vijaykumar Kavita , Balasundaram Partheeban , Arulprakash S. , Radhakrishna Patta , Ramakrishna B.S. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Metastases from pancreatic malignancy are commonly known to occur in the regional lymph nodes, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Synchronous or metachronous metastasis from the pancreas to the colon is rare, with only 6 cases reported in the literature. We report a man who was found to have adenocarcinoma on biopsies from synchronous lesions in the colon and the pancreas. The immunohistochemistry report revealed the diagnosis of a primary pancreatic malignancy with synchronous colonic metastases.
Astragalus polysaccharides protects thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HT29 cells
Authors: Zheng Lie , Zhang Ya-Li , Chen Xuan , Chen De-Liang , Dai Yan-Cheng , Tang Zhi-Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigates the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in protecting against thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HT29 cells by suppressing the PERK-eIF2a signaling pathway.MethodsHT29 cells were induced by thapsigargin for 12 hours, then treated with APS for 24 hours, and the gene expressions of GRP78, CHOP and eIF2a were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of GRP78, CHOP, PERK, p-PERK, eIF2a, and p-eIF2a were detected by Western blot.ResultsThe ER stress caused by thapsigargin strongly up-regulated the expression of GRP78 and CHOP in HT29 cells, which activated the PERK-eIF2a pathway. There was an increase in PERK phosphorylation, and induction of eIF2a in HT29 cells. Thapsigargin caused significant ER expansion in HT29 cells due to the 12-hour ER stress. Importantly, Astragalus polysaccharide significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2a, which reduced the mRNA levels of GRP78, CHOP, PERK and eIF2a, and inhibited the ER expansion in HT29 cells after 24 hours of treatment.ConclusionThe results indicate that APS reduces the expression of GRP78 and CHOP in HT29 cells, at least in part, by preventing the activation of the PERK-eIF2a signaling pathway.
Abnormal asexual reproduction of thalli of Ecklonia stolonifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) off the coast of Nakanoshima in the Oki Islands, Japan
Authors: Hayashi Yuichi , Notoya Masahiro , Yotsukura Norishige 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple abnormal individuals of Ecklonia stolonifera with thalli that developed numerous shoot-like structures on the lateral blades were found in two littoral regions of Nakanoshima in the Oki Islands, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Except for the presence of these diagnostic structures, no other morphological differences were observed between the abnormal and normal individuals. The development of the shoot-like structures isolated from the lateral blade was the same as that of typical vegetative reproductive sporophytes that formed on stolons. In the abnormal individuals, when cultivation was performed using zoospores, the shoot-like structures were observed on the progeny after 18 months of culture and 20.0% of individuals exhibited these structures.
Atrial fibrillation: is there a role for cardiac troponin?
Authors: Sepehri Shamloo Alireza , Arya Arash , Darma Angeliki , Nedios Sotirios , Döring Michael , Bollmann Andreas , Dagres Nikolaos , Hindricks Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and its prevalence rate is expected to be doubled over the next decades. Despite the wide use of biomarkers in the management of different cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, utilization of biomarkers in AF management is not routinely recommended by current guidelines. There is also growing evidence that higher levels of cardiac-specific troponin, as an intracellular protein involved in cardiomyocyte contraction, may be associated with the risk of incident and recurrent AF and its complications. In the present paper, we review the association between troponin and AF and propose clinical suggestions for use of troponin in the management of AF patients.
Characterization of substrate specificity and novel autoprocessing mechanism of dipeptidase A from Prevotella intermedia
Authors: Sarwar Mohammad Tanvir , Ohara-Nemoto Yuko , Kobayakawa Takeshi , Naito Mariko , Nemoto Takayuki K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative anaerobic rod, is frequently observed in subgingival polymicrobial biofilms from adults with chronic periodontitis. Peptidases in periodontopathic bacteria are considered to function as etiological reagents. Prevotella intermedia OMA14 cells abundantly express an unidentified cysteine peptidase specific for Arg-4-methycoumaryl-7-amide (MCA). BAU17746 (locus tag, PIOMA14_I_1238) and BAU18827 (locus tag, PIOMA14_II_0322) emerged as candidates of this peptidase from the substrate specificity and sequence similarity with C69-family Streptococcus gordonii Arg-aminopeptidase. The recombinant form of the former solely exhibited hydrolyzing activity toward Arg-MCA, and BAU17746 possesses a 26.6% amino acid identity with the C69-family Lactobacillus helveticus dipeptidase A. It was found that BAU17746 as well as L. helveticus dipeptidase A was a P1-position Arg-specific dipeptidase A, although the L. helveticus entity, a representative of the C69 family, had been reported to be specific for Leu and Phe. The full-length form of BAU17746 was intramolecularly processed to a mature form carrying the N-terminus of Cys15. In conclusion, the marked Arg-MCA-hydrolyzing activity in Pre. intermedia was mediated by BAU17746 belonging to the C69-family dipeptidase A, in which the mature form carries an essential cysteine at the N-terminus.
Human papillomavirus oncoproteins and post-translational modifications: generating multifunctional hubs for overriding cellular homeostasis
Authors: Basukala Om , Sarabia-Vega Vanessa , Banks Lawrence 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are major human carcinogens, causing around 5% of all human cancers, with cervical cancer being the most important. These tumors are all driven by the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7. Whilst their mechanisms of action are becoming increasingly clear through their abilities to target essential cellular tumor suppressor and growth control pathways, the roles that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of E6 and E7 play in the regulation of these activities remain unclear. Here, we discuss the direct consequences of some of the most common PTMs of E6 and E7, and how this impacts upon the multi-functionality of these viral proteins, and thereby contribute to the viral life cycle and to the induction of malignancy. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that these modifications, may, in some cases, offer novel routes for therapeutic intervention in HPV-induced disease.
Performance Enhancement of Encoding–Decoding Multidiagonal and Walsh Hadamard Codes for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Utilizing Dispersion Compensated Fiber
Authors: Majeed Majidah H. , Ahmed Riyadh Khlf 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Codes Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) is a future multiplexing technique that witnessed a dramatic attraction for eliminating the problems of the internet in optical network field such as multiple-user access and speed’s growth of the files or data traffic. In this research article, the performance of SAC-OCDMA system based on two encoding–decoding multidiagonal (MD) and Walsh Hadamard (WH) codes is enhanced utilizing three different schemes of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF): pre-, post- and symmetrical compensation. The system is simulated using Optisystem version 7.0 and Optigrating version 4.2. The performance of the proposed system is specified in terms of bit error rate (BER), Q-factor and eye diagram. It has been observed that the compensated system based on MD code is performs much better compared to the system based on WH code. On the other hand, the compensated SAC-OCDMA system with symmetrical DCF has the lowest values of BER and largest values of Q-factor, so it is considered the best simulated scheme contrasted with pre- and post-DCF.
Evaluation of ocean circulation models in the computation of the mean dynamic topography for geodetic applications. Case study in the Greek seas
Authors: Mintourakis I. , Panou G. , Paradissis D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Precise knowledge of the oceanic Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is crucial for a number of geodetic applications, such as vertical datum unification and marine geoid modelling. The lack of gravity surveys over many regions of the Greek seas and the incapacity of the space borne gradiometry/gravity missions to resolve the small and medium wavelengths of the geoid led to the investigation of the oceanographic approach for computing the MDT. We compute two new regional MDT surfaces after averaging, for given epochs, the periodic gridded solutions of the Dynamic Ocean Topography (DOT) provided by two ocean circulation models. These newly developed regional MDT surfaces are compared to three state-of-theart models, which represent the oceanographic, the geodetic and the mixed oceanographic/geodetic approaches in the implementation of the MDT, respectively. Based on these comparisons, we discuss the differences between the three approaches for the case study area and we present some valuable findings regarding the computation of the regional MDT. Furthermore, in order to have an estimate of the precision of the oceanographic approach, we apply extensive evaluation tests on the ability of the two regional ocean circulation models to track the sea level variations by comparing their solutions to tide gauge records and satellite altimetry Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) data. The overall findings support the claim that, for the computation of the MDT surface due to the lack of geodetic data and to limitations of the Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) in the case study area, the oceanographic approach is preferable over the geodetic or the mixed oceano-graphic/geodetic approaches.
The structure and composition of solid complexes comprising of Nd(III), Ca(II) and D-gluconate isolated from solutions relevant to radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Böszörményi Éva , Lado Jorge , Dudás Csilla , Kutus Bence , Szabados Márton , Varga Gábor , Pálinkó István , Sipos Pál 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Certain complexing agents (such as D-gluconate, D-isosaccharinate, etc.) as well as actinides and lanthanides are simultaneously present in cementitious radioactive waste repositories and (in the presence of water) are capable of forming complex compounds. Such processes may immobilize radionuclides and are of importance in the thermodynamic modelling of the aqueous chemistry of waste repositories. Nd(III) is considered to be a suitable model for trivalent lanthanides and actinides, due to the similarity of their ionic radii. In the current work, solid complexes isolated from aqueous solution containing Nd(III), Ca(II) and D-gluconate (Gluc−) were investigated. In an aqueous solution containing Nd(III) and Gluc−, the formation of a precipitate was observed at pH ≥ 8. This precipitate was found to redissolve around pH ~ 11, but reprecipitated when Ca(II) ions were added to the solution. In order to gain an insight in binary and ternary aqueous systems, in the present work we report the structure of these solid complexes obtained from XRD, FT-IR, Raman, SEM-EDAX and UV-DRS measurements. The structure of these solids, where possible, was compared with those identified in solution. The compositions of these complexes are suggested to be NdGlucH−1(OH) · 2H2O and CaNdGlucH−1(OH)3 · 2H2O, respectively. In these, the chemical environment of the Nd(III) was found to be the same as that in the NdGlucH−1(OH)0(aq) solution species.
Progression of Combat Sport Activities for Youth Athletes
Authors: Morales Jose , Fukuda David H. , Curto Cristina , Iteya Misaki , Kubota Hiroshi , Pierantozzi Emanuela , La Monica Michael 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Combat sport activities can play a role in the development of children and adolescents, and they are often a part of physical education classes and extracurricular activities. In addition to the psychological and social benefits these activities offer, they are also highly beneficial in physiological terms, as they are based on intermittent, metabolically demanding activities that help participants improve their physical fitness. The aim of this work is to propose a logical progression of game-based activities that reproduce different technical-tactical and physiological requirements of combat sports. The 5 phases become progressively more difficult with respect to both strategy and intensity.
Variability in Particle Size Distribution Due to Sampling
Authors: Dubé Jean-Sébastien , Ternisien Julie , Boudreault Jean-Philippe , Duhaime François , Éthier Yannic 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sampling particulate matter for particle size distribution (PSD) analysis is a task routinely performed in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. Pitard (2019) mentions that “for a sample to be representative of anything, the first rule to fulfill is to ensure that the sample is representative of all the particle size fractions.” Several sampling techniques exist for obtaining samples of particulate matter from a lot, but their representativeness has rarely been documented, either experimentally or theoretically. To this end, this article studied the representativeness of four sampling techniques applied to moist and dry particulate matter, namely riffle splitting, fractional shoveling, 2-dimensional incremental sampling (2-DIS), and grab sampling. Bias being small because of experimental design, relative variance was used to assess sampling performance. Except for the largest size fraction (&gt;9.5 mm), for which all sampling techniques gave poor results because of insufficient sample mass, riffle splitting was the most reproducible technique (CV = 6.47 %) and showed the smallest increase in variability compared to the fundamental relative sampling variance (i.e., a CV increase of 0.66 %), followed by fractional shoveling (7.68 %, 2.59 %), grab sampling (11.7 %, 6.51 %), and 2-DIS (16.3 %, 11.1 %). For fractional shoveling, sampling dry matter (CV = 19.2 %) significantly increased sampling variability compared to moist matter by 11.5 %. Furthermore, theoretical estimation of minimum sample mass requirements showed that mass requirements in ASTM D6913/D6913M-17, Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis, can lead to larger sampling variance than expected. Guidelines for specimen procurement ASTM D6913/D6913M-17 were also analyzed and judged insufficient with respect to fundamental sampling principles.