bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in Sahara Moroccan hemodialysis patients
Authors: bahadi abdelaali , lagtarna Hamza , benbria sanae , zajjari yassir , kabbaj Driss El , zemraoui nadir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The evaluation of physical activity for chronic hemodialysis patients is a new approach for the patient global care. The objective of this work is to evaluate the physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients and identify the risk factors associated with reduced physical activity. Methods: This is a prospective study during 6 months including 150 chronic hemodialysis patients in the Guelmim-Oued Noun Regionin moroccan sahara. We use Baecke's survey, translated and validated in Arabic local language. The socio-demographic, Clinical and biological data were completed during the interrogation and from the medical records of the patients. Results: The mean age of our patients was 54.6 +/- 16.4 years, with male predominance (59%). Most patients have a low education level and 60% were illiterate. Hypertension was found in 54% of our patients, diabetes in 39% and cardiovascular disease in 10% of patients. Low Physical activity was associated with gender (OR=4.05), age (OR=1.03) and education level (OR=0.2). Conclusions: Our work has met the various pre-established objectives, however other more specific studies must be conducted to better characterize the profile of physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Human Developmental Cell Atlas: milestones achieved and the roadmap ahead
Authors: Haniffa Muzlifah , Taylor Deanne , Linnarsson Sten , Aronow Bruce , Bader Gary , Camara Pablo , Camp J. Gray , Chédotal Alain , Copp Andrew , Etchevers Heather , Giacobini Paolo , Gottgens Berthold , Guo Guoji , Hupalowska Anna , James Kylie , Kirby Emily , Kriegstein Arnold , Lundeberg Joakim , Marioni John , Meyer Kerstin , Niakan Kathy , Nilsson Mats , Olabi Bayanne , Pe'er Dana , Regev Aviv , Rood Jennifer , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Satija Rahul , Teichmann Sarah , Treutlein Barbara , Vento-Tormo Roser , Webb Simone 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA), as part of the Human Cell Atlas, aims to generate a comprehensive reference map of cells during development. This detailed study of development will be critical for understanding normal organogenesis, the impact of mutations, environmental factors and infectious agents on congenital and childhood disorders, and the molecular cellular basis of ageing, cancer and regenerative medicine. In this perspective, we outline the challenges of mapping and modelling human development using state of the art technologies to create a reference atlas across gestation for scientific and clinical benefit. We discuss the potential value of HDCA to enhance human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid model systems and, in turn, the use of organoids and animal models to inform HDCA. Finally, we provide a roadmap towards a complete atlas of human development.
Black carbon sanitary burden in the Indo-Gangetic plain: exposures, risks and mitigation
Authors: Verma Shubha , Ghosh Sanhita , Boucher Olivier , Wang Rong , Menut Laurent , Prasad K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A large discrepancy between simulated and observed black carbon (BC) surface concentrations over the densely populated Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) has so far limited our ability to assess the magnitude of BC sanitary impacts in terms of population exposure, morbidity, and mortality. We evaluate these impacts using an integrated modeling framework, including a successfully predicted BC surface concentration in a high-resolution chemical transport model CHIMERE with observationally-constrained BC emissions, combined with consistent health functions for BC. Population exposure to BC is noteworthy, with more than 60 million people identified living over hotspots of BC concentration (wintertime mean > 20 μg m−3). A fraction of 62% of the total cardiovascular diseases mortality (CVM) burden for the megacity is found attributable to wintertime BC exposure. The semi-urban area has 50% of the CVM burden attributable to BC exposure in the total population over the IGP. More than 400 thousand lives can potentially be saved from CVM annually, by implementing prioritized emission reduction from the combustion of domestic biofuel in the semi-urban area, and diesel oil in transportation and coal in thermal power plant and brick kiln industries in megacities.
An isogenic cell line panel identifies major regulators of aberrant astrocyte proliferation in Down syndrome
Authors: Kawatani Keiji , Nambara Toshihiko , Nawa Nobutoshi , Yoshimatsu Hidetaka , Kusakabe Haruna , Hirata Katsuya , Tanave Akira , Sumiyama Kenta , Banno Kimihiko , Taniguchi Hidetoshi , Arahori Hitomi , Ozono Keiichi , Kitabatake Yasuji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Astrocytes exert adverse effects on the brains of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Although a neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in the fate-specification step has been reported, the mechanisms and key regulators underlying the accelerated proliferation of astrocyte precursor cells (APCs) in DS remain elusive. Here, we established an isogenic cell line panel, based on DS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, the XIST-mediated transcriptional silencing system in trisomic chromosome 21, and genome/chromosome-editing technologies to eliminate phenotypic fluctuations caused by genetic variation. The transcriptional responses of genes observed upon XIST induction and/or downregulation were not uniform, and only a small subset of genes showed a characteristic expression pattern, which is consistent with the proliferative phenotypes of DS APCs. Comparative analysis and experimental verification using gene modification revealed dose-dependent proliferation-promoting activity of DYRK1A and PIGP on DS APCs. Our collection of isogenic cell lines provides a comprehensive set of cellular models for DS investigations.
Clinical Factors for Sudden Unexpected Death in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Zhang Wen-Yu , Lee Wen-Chin , Chang Wen-Xiu , Cheng Ben-Chung , Wu Chien-Hsing , Hsu Tsuen-Wei , Chen Jin-Bor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Sudden unexpected death (SUD) accounts for a significant proportion of overall mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).This study aimed to investigate the SUD clinical profiles in patients undergoing PD.Methods: Medical records from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed in a hospital-facilitated PD center in Taiwan. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, drug history, physical performance status, cardiac function parameters, and peritoneal transport category were abstracted. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine hazard ratio(HR) in SUD clinical profiles in patients undergoing PD. Results: Based on 28 patients undergoing PD with SUD, 60 controls were matched for date of death on a 2:1 ratio for comparison. The incidence of diabetes and the prevalence of low physical performance status, analgesic drug use, concordant comorbidity number, mental health and chronic pain were higher in patients undergoing PD with SUD than in controls. In the cardiac function analysis, the QTc interval on the electrocardiogram was longer (467 vs. 453 ms, P=0.010) in patients undergoing PD with SUD than in controls. At 3 months before death, patients who experienced SUD demonstrated progressive lower serum potassium concentrations. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that diabetes [adjusted HR, 4.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.75–8.14; P<0.001)] and mental health and chronic pain (adjusted HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.06–4.05; P=0.033) remain significant predictors for SUD in patients undergoing PD.Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus, mental health and chronic pain, incidence of hypokalemia before death are significant clinical factors for SUD in patients undergoing PD.
A Multimodal Pain Management Regimen Utilizing Adductor Canal Block in a Veterans Affairs Population Decreases Opioid Consumption Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Authors: Soehnlen Neil , Erb Eric , Kiskaddon Eric , Green Uthona , Froehle Andrew , Krishnamurthy Anil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Ease of access to opioids in the perioperative period is a risk factor for subsequent opioid abuse. The purpose of this study was to quantify a decrease in opioid consumption following implementation of a new analgesic protocol after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed analyzing patients who underwent TKA at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients were divided into two groups by multimodal analgesic regimen: Analgesia with intraoperative general anesthesia, a patient controlled analgesia pump, and oral opioids (Traditional group) or analgesia with intraoperative spinal anesthesia, a multimodal medication regimen, and an adductor canal block (Protocol group). Results: A total of 533 TKAs were included. The intravenous morphine equivalent dose (MED) requirement was 178.2 ± 98.0 for Traditional and 12.0 ± 24.6 for Protocol groups (p < 0.001). Total opioid MED requirement was 241.7 ± 120.1 for Traditional and 74.8 ± 42.7 in Protocol groups (p < 0.001). The Protocol group required only 6.7% of the intravenous opioids and 30.9% of the total opioids used by the Traditional group. No difference in oral opioid requirements was found (p = 0.849). The Traditional group required more opioid refills at the first postoperative visit (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The described analgesic protocol resulted in significant decreases in intravenous and total opioid requirement, and lower rates of opioid prescriptions at the first postoperative visit. These findings demonstrate a decrease in opioid utilization with modern perioperative analgesia protocols and reinforce recommendations by the CDC and AAOS to decrease opioid exposure and access. Trial Registration: Not applicable
The Chloroplast Genome Comparative Characteristic of Artificial Breeding Tree, a Case About Broussonetia Kazinoki × Broussonetia Papyifera
Authors: zhang Wan , Yang Guiyan , Zhao Yunlin , Xu Zhenggang , Huang Huimin , Zhou Jiakang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Broussonetia kazinoki × Broussonetia papyifera (ZJGS) is a hybrid species, which has a very complicated hybrid origin. Its excellent characteristics make it both ecological benefits and economically valuable.Results: This study aimes to further understand ZJGS and Moraceae taxa through the ZJGS chloroplast (cp) genome structure and the comparative with 12 closely related Moraceae species, especially the cross parent B. kazinoki and B. papyrifera. The analyses show that ZJGS cp genome is 160,903 bp in length. Among the 13 Moraceae species, the cp genome length of seven Broussonetia species (ranges from 160,239 bp to 162,594 bp) is larger than that of six Morus species (ranges from 158,459 bp to 159,265 bp). However, the average GC content of Broussonetia species is lower than that of Morus species, which is 35.72% and 36.26%, respectively. Compared with Moraceae species, the ZJGS cp genome has a high degree of sequence similarity with B. kazinoki and B. monoica. In the comparison of repeated sequences, ZJGS and its maternal species B. kazinoki shows similar simple sequence repeats (SSRs) frequency. Among the 77 shared protein-coding genes (PCGs) in Moraceae species, the obvious positive selection of Ka/Ks ratios acted on petD and rpl16 genes of B. kazinoki and B. papyrifera, respectively, and the Ka/Ks ratio > 3. Phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs from 28 species shows that ZJGS is closely related to maternal B. kazinoki.Conclusions: These findings provide data support for the origin of ZJGS hybridization, and provide genomic resources for future ZJGS resource development and molecular breeding.
Civil Society Monitoring of Hepatitis C Response Related to the WHO 2030 Elimination Goals in 35 European Countries
Authors: Maticic M , Pirnat Z , Leicht A , Zimmermann R , Windelinckx T , Jauffret-Roustide M , Duffell E , Tammi T , Schatz E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) account for the majority of new cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe, however HCV testing and treatment for PWID remain suboptimal. With the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a strategy to eliminate HCV as public health threat by 2030. To achieve this, key policies for PWID must be implemented and HCV continuum-of-care needs to be monitored. This study presents results of the first monitoring led by civil society that provide harm reduction services for PWID. MethodsIn 2019, harm reduction civil society organisations representing focal points of Correlation-European Harm Reduction Network in 36 European countries were invited to complete a 27-item online survey on four strategic fields: use/impact of guidelines on HCV testing and treatment for PWID, availability/functioning of continuum-of-care, changes compared to the previous year and, the role of harm reduction services and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) of PWID. A descriptive analysis of the responses was undertaken.ResultsThe response rate was 97.2%. Six countries reported having no guidelines on HCV treatment (17.1%). Twenty-three (65.7%) reported having treatment guidelines with specific measures for PWID; guidelines that impact on accessibility to HCV testing/treatment and improve access to harm reduction services in 95.6% and 86.3% of them, respectively. DAAs were available in 97.1% of countries; in 26.4% of them they were contraindicated for active drug users. HCV screening/confirmatory tests performed at harm reduction services/community centres, prisons and drug dependence clinics were reported from 80.0%/25.7%, 60.0%/48.6%, and 62.9%/34.3% of countries, respectively. Provision of DAAs at drug dependence clinics and prisons was reported from 34,3% and 42.9% of countries, respectively. Compared to the previous year, HCV awareness campaigns, testing and treatment on service providers’ own locations were reported to increase in 42.9%, 51.4% and 42.9% of countries, respectively. NGOs of PWID conducted awareness campaigns on HCV interventions in 68.9% of countries, and 25.7% of countries had no such support. ConclusionFurther improvements of continuum-of-care interventions for PWID are needed, which could be achieved by including harm reduction and PWID organisations in strategic planning of testing and treatment and in efforts to monitor progress towards WHO 2030 elimination goal.
Evaluation of Human Mammaglobin as a Biomarker of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer and Clinical Verification
Authors: Xiao Chuanguang , Wang Xiaohong , Qiu Shusheng , Gu Wenyue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cytokeratin (CK) is the gold standard marker for the differential diagnosis of epithelial circulating tumor cells (CTC), but the low expression of CK can lead to false negative results.In this study, the specificity and sensitivity of human breast globin (hMAM) as a tumor marker of CTC in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients were analyzed and aim to improve the CTC detection accuracy in breast cancer, enrich the candidate markers for clinical differential diagnosis of breast cancer CTC. EpCAM antibody modified liposome magnetic particles (ELMP) were prepared, and then their physicochemical properties were characterized. ELMP has high physicochemical stability and can efficiently enrich the CTC of epithelial breast cancer. We found hMAM is more consistent with clinical and pathological diagnosis results. To be noted, CK19 combined with hMAM method efficiently distinguish the separated CTC from breast cancer patients, furthermore, the specificity and sensitivity of CTC detection get promoted.
The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hu Linhui , Gao Lu , Zhang Danqing , Hou Yating , He LinLing , Deng Yujun , Fang Heng , Zhang Huidan , Liang Yufan , Xu Jing , Chen Chunbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPostoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. However, there is a lack of evaluation of postoperative AKI in highly heterogeneous critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery. To explore the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis, to clarify the epidemiological status, and to improve the early identification and diagnosis of postoperative AKI, this study was taken.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in the general intensive care units of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2014 to March 2018. Preoperative variables, intraoperative variables, postoperative variables, and postoperative prognosis data were collected. The diagnosis and staging of postoperative AKI were based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. They were divided into two groups according to whether postoperative AKI occurred: AKI group and non-AKI group. The baseline characteristics, postoperative AKI incidence, AKI stage, and in-hospital prognosis in all enrolled patients were analyzed prospectively. Multivariate logistic forward stepwise (odds ratio, OR) regression was used to determine the independent risk factors of postoperative AKI. Results were presented using the OR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 383 critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, 151 (39.4%) patients among them developed postoperative AKI. Postoperative reoperation, postoperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, postoperative serum lactic acid (LAC), postoperative serum creatinine (sCr) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, with the adjusted OR (ORadj) of 1.854 ( 95% CI, 1.091 - 3.152), 1.059 ( 95% CI, 1.018 - 1.102), 1. 239 (95% CI, 1.047 - 1.467), and 3.934 (95% CI, 2.426 - 6.382), respectively. Duration of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, ICU and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, total ICU and hospital costs were higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group.ConclusionsThe independent risk factors which included postoperative reoperation, postoperative APACHE II score, postoperative LAC, and postoperative sCr could improve the early diagnosis and prevention of postoperative AKI and identify the higher risk of adverse outcomes in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery.
Combination Analysis of NR3C1, MTHFR&nbsp;and IGFBP3&nbsp;Gene Polymorphisms and DNA&nbsp;Methylation With Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Risk in Chinese Han Population&nbsp;
Authors: Huang Ronglan , Zhan Qinghao , Hu Wenbin , Yang Renmin , Cheng Nan , Han Yongsheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although the precise etiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has yet to be fully elucidated, it is known that nuclear receptor subfamily3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) are related to the pathophysiology of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). The expression of NR3C1, MTHFR and IGFBP3 are regulated by epigenetics and genetic profiles. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigated the association between NR3C1, MTHFR and IGFBP3 gene polymorphisms and DNA methylation status and SONFH.Methods: This case-control study included 79 patients with SONFH and 114 patients who took steroids but did not develop SONFH. We evaluated 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) out of 3 genes in Chinese Han population. These SNPs were genotyped by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR). Methyltarget was used to test the methylation level of positive sites, the interaction between SNPs and DNA methylation level was analyzed using eQTLD technique.Results: We identified rs3110697 in the IGFBP3 gene that was potentially associated with a reduced risk of SONFH in the genotype (P=0.008; odds ratio [OR]: 0.741; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.456–1.205) and in the recessive model (P=0.003; OR: NA; 95% CI: NA–NA). Furthermore, CpG sites with significant differences in methylation levels were screened as follows: IGFBP3_2-143, MTHFR_1-36, MTHFR_1-77, MTHFR_1-139, MTHFR_2-42, NR3C1_2-163, NR3C1_4-47, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (p<0.05). A total of 10 pairs of linear regression tests of SNP and methylation sites were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: SONFH is a polygenic disorder in which a wide range of interactions between SNPs and DNA methylation levels may dominate the course of the disease.
Association of Screentime With Cognitive Delay In Preschool Children of Kerala, India
Authors: John Jijo Joseph , Joseph Reny , David Alice , Bejoy Ann , George Kalyan Varghese , George Lisa Mary 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Screen use is increasing rapidly among preschool children and excess screen use in these children has been associated with neurocognitive side effects and speech delay.Objectives: To look at patterns of screen use, determinants of excess screen use, and its association with socio-cognitive development among preschool children attending two kindergarten schools in urban Kerala.Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among parents of children attending 2 urban kindergarten schools. Cognitive development was reported by the parents as per Werner David Development pictorial scale (WDDPS).Results: Of the 189 children included in the study, 89.4% had excess screen use (>1 hour per day) and the average use was 2.14 hours. Earlier age at introduction to screen (2.5 vs. 2.09 hours, p=0.01), meal-time screen use (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-8.9), lack of parental co-viewing (2.19 vs. 1.96 hours, p=0.03), and receiving screen on demand (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.3-10.8) were all significantly associated with excess screen use in pre-school children. Children with inconsistently supervised screen time had significantly more deficits as per WDDPS in attention (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-8.2), intelligence (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3-13.3) and social skills (OR 15.3, 95% CI 1.9-121.2), compared to children whose screen use was consistently supervised.Conclusion: Screen time in the majority of preschool children is above the recommended limits, and consistent supervision by parents is seen in only half the preschool population. Inconsistently supervised screen time is associated with an increase in the time spent on screens, and significant cognitive delays in children.
Developing an intervention course to promote students’ well-being and studying in university context
Authors: Asikainen Henna , Katajavuori Nina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this paper was to build an intervention course for university students which promotes both students’ well-being as well as their learning and study skills. Research has shown that psychological flexibility has a great effect on well-being as well as studying in higher educationCase presentationThe basis of our intervention course is to promote psychological flexibility and students’ study skills with the help of peer support and reflection.ConclusionsWe argue that an online, 8-week intervention course, which promotes both student well-being and their study skills, is a good way to support students in higher education and both aspects should be taken into account when supporting university students.