bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise”: Indiscriminate male care in a neotropical spider
Authors: Moura Rafael Rios , Oliveira Isabella Dias , Vasconcellos‐Neto João , Gonzaga Marcelo Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCertainty of paternity is considered an important condition for the evolution and maintenance of extended male care. In some species, males may cannibalize unrelated offspring or abandon the progeny when the uncertainty of paternity is high, or when they take over nest sites or females from other males. However, male protection of offspring can also evolve in situations of uncertainty of paternity, especially when males cannot recognize offspring relatedness. In such cases, males may take care of all their mate's offspring, regardless of paternity. In Manogea porracea (Araneidae), the only known spider species where males care for offspring, males repel competitors by assuming and defending specific positions within a female's web, but females accept multiple partners during the reproductive season. Consequently, males may care for some offspring produced with the sperm of their mate's previous partners. If males cannot detect offspring relatedness, we expect that they will not cannibalize progeny and will actively protect all offspring against predation. The main goal of this study was to investigate whether the extended male care depends on offspring relatedness recognition. Therefore, we experimentally manipulated offspring relatedness and the presence of foster males and two egg predators usually found invading M. porracea webs. We also compared our results with data from an experiment performed by Moura, Vasconcellos‐Neto, & Gonzaga (2017) using the same laboratory procedures, but introducing egg sacs fathered exclusively by the males. Males did not cannibalize offspring and protected the progeny against predation regardless of offspring relatedness. In addition, all males moved the egg sacs to the center of the web, remaining close to the progeny. We conclude that M. porracea males protect all progeny present in their partner's web and increase offspring survivorship regardless of relatedness. We discuss the behavioral and evolutionary implications of our findings, and potential triggers of male care in M. porracea.
The effects of flumazenil on ventilatory and recovery characteristics in horses following midazolam‐ketamine induction and isoflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Douglas Hope , Hopster Klaus , Cerullo Michelle , Hopster‐Iversen Charlotte , Stefanovski Darko , Driessen Bernd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlumazenil antagonises the actions of benzodiazepines. There has been no prior research specifically investigating this anaesthetic reversal agent for horses.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of flumazenil administration in horses on (a) ventilatory parameters after midazolam‐ketamine induction and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen and on (b) the characteristics of recovery from general anaesthesia.Study designBlinded, randomised, crossover experiment.MethodsSix horses were randomly assigned to receive high‐dose flumazenil (Fhigh, 20 µg/kg), low‐dose flumazenil (Flow, 10 µg/kg) and saline (control). Cardioventilatory parameters were monitored. After 90 minutes of isoflurane anaesthesia, a bolus of Fhigh, Flow or saline was administered i.v. The horses were recovered using head and tail rope assistance. The times to first movement, to achievement of sternal recumbency, to the first attempt to stand and the total recovery time were determined. The recovery quality was evaluated using a 115‐point recovery scoring system. The cardioventilatory parameters and recovery times were analysed using mixed‐effects regression analyses. Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis was used to evaluate the recovery scores. A Mann‐Whitney U test assessed the relationship between recovery score and flumazenil administration.ResultsA significant difference with flumazenil administration was found for SpO2, mean arterial pressure, I:E ratio, minute volume of ventilation (MV) and peak inspiratory pressure. There was a significant difference with flumazenil administration for the time to sternal recumbency, the time to the first attempt to rise and the total recovery time. There was no significant difference in total recovery score with flumazenil administration.Main limitationsPlasma levels of midazolam and flumazenil were not obtained.ConclusionsFlumazenil has a dose‐dependent effect on MV and recovery time, which may make it useful in cases for which a prolonged anaesthetic recovery is undesirable.
Stress‐Buffering Role of Social Support during COVID‐19
Authors: Szkody Erica , Stearns Melanie , Stanhope Lydia , McKinney Cliff 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to reduce the high infection rate of COVID‐19, individuals began to engage in self‐isolation amid a time of uncertainty and worry. Given that social support can be protective against the negative effects of distress on mental and physical health, the lack of support may negatively impact individuals during their self‐isolation. Thus, the current study examined the role of self‐isolation on feelings of stress, the perception and reception of social support, and mental health problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A sample of 405 college students were asked to report on the amount of self‐isolation in which they were engaging, worry about COVID‐19, psychological health, and received and perceived social support. Results indicated that when the length of time in self‐isolation was taken into account, perceived social support buffered the connection between worry about COVID‐19 and psychological health. These results indicate that social support, worry about COVID‐19, and self‐isolation may influence individuals’ psychological health during times of stress.
Risk analysis of non‐native three‐spot cichlid, Amphilophus trimaculatus, in the River Cauvery (India)
Authors: Kumar Lohith , Kumari Kavita , Gogoi Pranab , Manna Ranjan Kumar , Madayi Roshith Chakkiyath , Salim Sibina Mol , Muttanahalli Eregowda Vijaykumar , Raghavan Suresh Vettath , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe three‐spot cichlid Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther) is an ornamental fish known to be invasive but has not been assessed for India. The present study confirmed this non‐native species’ identity using conventional and molecular methods, as well as its occurrence in the River Cauvery, the first for this species in a lotic environment outside its native range. Gut content analysis indicated a diet of predominantly insects. The river's water quality and habitat were conducive for the species’ growth and reproduction. Using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit, A. trimaculatus was ranked as posing a “high” risk of being invasive in the River Cauvery, with climate match analysis showing 58% similarity with the species’ native range. Vector and pathway analysis found that A. trimaculatus was introduced to India via the aquarium trade, although consignment origin remains unknown, and the most likely means of entry into the river and its tributaries was the species’ escaping from holding facilities. Subsequent dispersal and impact of the species on native fauna are discussed. The study's outcomes demonstrate the importance of using risk analysis protocols to inform management of non‐native species in India, with suggestions provided for immediate and long‐term measures for the species’ management.
Global retail capital and urban futures: Feminist postcolonial perspectives
Authors: Faria Caroline , Whitesell Dominica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCritical scholarship on urban development and displacement has a long history in geography. Yet one emergent driver remains strikingly understudied and poorly understood: global retail capital (GRC). This essay engages feminist postcolonial approaches, grounded in African continental feminist work, to theorize from the urban transformations, displacements, and resistances driven by GRC and emerging in urban East Africa. This framework engages an intersectional understanding of capitalism, and its work driving urban displacement, as always co‐produced through gender, racial, colonial, heteronormative, nationalist, and other power‐geometries. We assert that feminist postcolonial geography helps us imagine other urban futures, within and beyond Africa: critical of colonial past‐presents; free of the modernizing imperatives of normative urban planning; and that recognize the work and insights—intellectual and material—of African women.
Effects of heat in the properties of NaOCl alone and mixed with etidronate and alkaline tetrasodium EDTA
Authors: Tartari T. , Borges M. M. B. , de Araújo L. B. B. , Vivan R. R. , Bonjardim L. R. , Duarte M. A. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the free available chlorine concentration (FAC), organic tissue dissolution and smear layer removal capacity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone and when mixtured with etidronate (HEDP) and tetrasodium EDTA (Na4EDTA), and heated to different temperatures.MethodologyMixtures at 1 : 1 ratio of 5% NaOCl with distilled water (considered NaOCl alone), 18% HEDP or 10% Na4EDTA were heated to 25 °C, 37 °C, 48 °C and 60 °C. The FAC in the mixtures was assessed at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. Samples of bovine muscle tissue (n = 10) were prepared with similar size and weighed before and after 5, 10 and 15 min of immersion in the mixtures heated to the different temperatures to verify organic matter dissolution. The intergroup results were compared statistically using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and intragroup by two‐way analysis of variance (anova), both followed by Tukey’s multiple‐comparison test (α < 0.01). Bovine dentine blocks (n = 10) were analysed by scanning electron microscopy before and after immersion in the mixtures, and the time taken to remove the smear layer from the surfaces of the samples was determined. The Friedman test was used to compare the scores of the same group (α < 0.01), and the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc was used to compare the different groups (α < 0.01). Saline solution was used as a control in the experiments of tissue dissolution and smear layer removal,ResultsHeating NaOCl alone did not affect its FAC. The higher the temperature of the mixtures with the chelators, the lower the FAC. Organic tissue dissolution was improved by increases in temperature of NaOCl alone and its mixture with HEDP (P < 0.01); however, the mixture with Na4EDTA had no improvement (P > 0.01). Smear layer removal by NaOCl alone was enhanced by heating resulting in lower scores in some samples and became more rapid in the mixtures with the chelators. The saline solution did not promote tissue dissolution nor smear layer removal (P > 0.01).ConclusionIn this laboratory study, heating NaOCl alone or when mixed with HEDP improved its capacity to dissolve organic matter and remove the smear layer. However, the mixture with HEDP required frequent refreshment to retain these effects when heated. Due to the acceleration in the reaction between the irrigants, very rapid reductions in the free available chlorine in the mixtures with Na4EDTA heated to the different temperatures occurred.
The influence of Lactobacillus bacteria type and kind of carrier on the properties of spray‐dried microencapsules of fermented beetroot powders
Authors: Janiszewska‐Turak Emilia , Hornowska Łucja , Pobiega Katarzyna , Gniewosz Małgorzata , Witrowa‐Rajchert Dorota 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bacteria type and carrier addition during microencapsulation process by spray‐drying on the microorganism survival and physicochemical properties of fermented beetroot juice powder. Selected bacteria were as follows: L. fermentum, L. plantarum and L. brevis and its mixture in proportion 1:1:1. Fermented beetroot juice containing selected LAB was spray‐dried at 160 °C. Maltodextrin and gum Arabic were used as drying carriers at 10% (w/w). All powders were stable (low water activity below <0.25, high dry matter content 95–98%). Bacteria type had the main influence on the chemical properties and amount of bacteria. The highest bacteria content was observed in powders with L. brevis as a starter, and the same was observed for polyphenols and betalain content. However, the method of drying fermented juices still needs to be refined due to the 50% reduction in the number of microorganisms during the drying process.
Advances in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their application in food packaging
Authors: Ndwandwe Bongekile K. , Malinga Soraya P. , Kayitesi Eugénie , Dlamini Bhekisisa C. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe past decade has seen nanotechnology progressively being adopted by the food industry. Its wide application in food packaging has redefined conservative food packaging with active and intelligent packaging. Nanomaterials do not only influence food quality and safety but also offer health‐related benefits. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been preferred in recent years because of their high biological activity. However, they are generally synthesised using physicochemical methods which are associated with toxicity. In the past decade, efforts have been directed towards advancement of green synthesis of SeNPs to minimise hazardous by‐products. The antioxidant and biocidal effects of SeNPs are generally investigated by direct contact between the oxidisable matter and/or test organisms. Lately, there is focus on the effect SeNPs incorporated into packaging films. This paper will review developments on SeNPs synthesised via plant extracts from the year 2010 to present and their potential application in active food packaging.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oral health literacy exert an influence on the occurrence of dental caries in early adolescence
Authors: de Moura Mirella de Fátima Liberato , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , Firmino Ramon Targino , Costa Edja Maria Melo de Brito , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLittle is known regarding the influence of psychosocial factors on dental caries at early adolescence. The study aimed to investigate associations between family environment, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health literacy (OHL) with dental caries experience in early adolescence. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 448 12‐year‐old adolescents at public and private schools in North‐eastern Brazil. Parents/guardians and teachers answered the Brazilian version of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales (SNAP‐ IV) for the evaluation of ADHD and a sociodemographic questionnaire. An OHL instrument (BREALD‐30) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) were administered to the adolescents. Caries experience (DMFT) was the dependent variable. Data analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 5%). Adolescents with more symptoms of ADHD (teachers' reports) (RR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.31‐2.28), those with lower OHL (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01‐2.51), those with a lower family income (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.83), and those from families with a greater number of residents in the home (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.31) had greater caries experience. Family adaptability and cohesion were not associated with caries experience. Dental caries experience in early adolescence was influenced by symptoms of ADHD, OHL, and sociodemographic factors.
Synthesis, sintering, and effect of surface roughness on oxidation of submicron Ti2AlC ceramics
Authors: Badie Sylvain , Dash Apurv , Sohn Yoo Jung , Vaßen Robert , Guillon Olivier , Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubmicron Ti2AlC MAX phase powder was synthesized by molten salt shielded synthesis (MS3) using a Ti:Al:C molar ratio of 2:1:0.9 at a process temperature of 1000°C for 5 hours. The synthesized powder presented a mean particle size of ~0.9 µm and a purity of 91 wt. % Ti2AlC, containing 6 wt. % Ti3AlC2. The Ti2AlC powder was sintered by pressureless sintering, achieving a maximal relative density of 90%, hence field‐assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering was used to enhance densification. The fine‐grained microstructure was preserved, and phase purity of Ti2AlC was unaltered in the latter case, with a relative density of 98.5%. Oxidation was performed at 1200°C for 50 hours in static air of dense monolithic Ti2AlC with different surface finish, (polished, ground and sandblasted) which resulted in the formation of an approx. 8 µm thin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer decorated with titanium dioxide (rutile, TiO2) colonies. Surface quality had no influence on Al2O3 scale thickness, but the amount and size of TiO2 crystals increased with surface roughness. A phenomenon of rumpling of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) was observed and a model to estimate the extent of deformation is proposed.
A study of B4C‐SiC composite for self‐lubrication
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yamashita Seiji , Kita Hideki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA B4C‐SiC composite without annealing and two B4C‐SiC composites followed by annealing at 1000℃ and 1200℃ for 1 hour in air, respectively, were prepared. The tribological properties of the three composites were evaluated by sliding against SiC balls at room temperature under unlubricated conditions. The B4C‐SiC composite can obtain lower friction coefficient by annealing at 1000℃, whereas the friction coefficient of B4C‐SiC composite annealed at 1200℃ was significantly increased. The cause for this difference was ascribed to different surface compositions after annealing. The mechanism of self‐lubrication of the B4C‐SiC composite was the formation of H3BO3 layer.
Should Slavery’s Statues Be Preserved? On Transitional Justice and Contested Heritage
Authors: Burch‐Brown Joanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat should we do with statues and place‐names memorializing people who committed human‐rights abuses linked to slavery and postslavery racism? In this article, I draw on UN principles of transitional justice to address this question. I propose that a successful approach should meet principles of transitional justice recognized by the United Nations, including affirming rights to justice, truth, reparations, and guarantees of nonrecurrence of human rights violations. I discuss four strategies for handling contested heritage, examining strengths and weaknesses of each strategy. Examples from Bristol, England, highlight common challenges and positive lessons.
State ownership and the risk‐reducing effect of corporate derivative use: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Huimin , Pan Zheyao , Tian Gary Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing hand‐collected derivative use data on publicly listed firms in China, we document that derivative use has a significant risk‐reducing effect, but this effect is 40% weaker in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) than in non‐SOEs. We also find that soft‐budget constraints and information transmission inefficiency are two mechanisms through which state ownership impedes this risk reduction. First, financial distress reduces the impact of the soft‐budget constraints, mitigating the weaker risk‐reducing effect of state control. Second, the risk‐reducing effect of derivative use is weaker in local SOEs than in central SOEs, as the former are subject to more information frictions than the latter. Our paper provides new information and insight into risk management effectiveness from the perspective of ownership identity.
Discrepant acute effect of saline loading on blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium according to salt intake level: EpiSS study
Authors: Peng Wenjuan , Xie Yunyi , Liu Kuo , Qi Han , Liu Zheng , Xia Juan , Cao Han , Guo Chunyue , Sun Yanyan , Liu Xiaohui , Li Bingxiao , Wen Fuyuan , Zhang Fengxu , Zhang Ling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute dietary salt intake may cause an elevation in blood pressure (BP). The study aimed to assess the acute effect of saline loading on BP in subjects with different levels of salt intake. This study is based on the baseline survey of systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity study. The sodium excretion in the 24‐hour urine was calculated for estimating the level of salt intake. Subjects were performed an acute oral saline loading test (1 L), and data of 2019 participants were included for analyses. Multivariate linear regression and stratified analyses were performed to identify associations between 24‐hour urinary sodium (24hUNa) with BP changes. Due to saline loading, systolic BP (SBP), pulse pressure, and urinary sodium concentration were significantly increased, while diastolic BP, heart rate, and urinary potassium concentration were significantly decreased. The SBP increments were more significant in subjects with lower salt intake, normotensives, elders, males, smokers, and drinkers. There was a significant linear negative dose‐response association between SBP increment with 24hUNa (β = −0.901, 95% CI: −1.253, −0.548), especially in lower salt intake individuals (β = −1.297, 95% CI: −2.338, −0.205) and hypertensive patients (β = −1.502, 95% CI: −2.037, −0.967). After excluding patients who received antidiabetic or antihypertensive medicines, the effects of negative associations weakened but remained significantly. In conclusion, acute salt loading leads to an increment in SBP, and the increased SBP was negatively related with 24hUNa. This study indicated avoiding acute salt loading was important for escaping acute BP changes, especially in lower salt intake populations.
Piperine protects against pyroptosis in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by regulating the miR‐383/RP105/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Guo Xin , Hu Shan , Liu Ji‐Jun , Huang Ling , Zhong Peng , Fan Zhi‐Xing , Ye Ping , Chen Man‐Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractmiRNA‐mediated pyroptosis play crucial effects in the development of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). Piperine (PIP) possesses multiple pharmacological effects especially in I/R condition. This study focuses on whether PIP protects MIRI from pyroptosis via miR‐383‐dependent pathway. Rat MIRI model was established by 30 minutes of LAD ligation and 4 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial enzymes, histomorphology, structure and function were detected to evaluate MIRI. Recombinant adenoviral vectors for miR‐383 overexpression or miR‐383 silencing or RP105 knockdown were constructed, respectively. Luciferase reporter analysis was used to confirm RP105 as a target of miR‐383. Pyroptosis‐related markers were measured by Western blotting assay. The results showed that I/R provoked myocardial injury, as shown by the increases of LDH/CK releases, infarcted areas and apoptosis as well as worsened function and structure. Pyroptosis‐related mediators including NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1, cleaved IL‐1β and IL‐18 were also reinforced after MIRI. However, PIP treatment greatly ameliorated MIRI in parallel with pyroptotic repression. In mechanistic studies, MIRI‐caused elevation of miR‐383 and decrease of RP105/PI3K/AKT pathway were reverted by PIP treatment. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed RP105 as a miR‐383 target. miR‐383 knockdown ameliorated but miR‐383 overexpression facilitated pyroptosis and MIRI. Moreover, the anti‐pyroptotic effect from miR‐383 silencing was verified to be relied on the RP105/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Additionally, our present study further indicated the miR‐383/RP105/AKT‐dependent approach resulting from PIP administration against pyroptosis in MIRI. Therefore, PIP treatment attenuates MIRI and pyroptosis by regulating miR‐383/RP105/AKT pathway, and it may provide a therapeutic manner for the treatment of MIRI.