bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene extinctions of a top predator—Effects of time, habitat area and habitat subdivision
Authors: Englund Göran , Öhlund Gunnar , Olajos Fredrik , Finstad Anders , Bellard Celine , Hugueny Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Loss of habitat and changes in the spatial configuration of habitats are major drivers of species extinctions, but the responses to these drivers differ between organisms. To advance theory on how extinction risk from different types of habitat alteration relates to species‐specific traits, there is a need for studies of the long‐term extinction dynamic of individual species.

The goal of this study was to quantify how habitat area and the spatial configuration of habitats affect extinction rate of an aquatic top predator, the northern pike Esox lucius L.

We recorded the presence/absence of northern pike in 398 isolated habitat fragments, each one consisting of a number of interconnected lakes. Time since isolation of the habitat fragments, caused by cut‐off from the main dispersal source in the Baltic Sea, varied between 0 and 10,000 years. Using survival regression, we analysed how pike population survival was affected by time since isolation, habitat size and habitat subdivision. The approach builds on the assumptions that pike colonized all fragments before isolation and that current absences result from extinctions. We verified these assumptions by testing (a) if pike was present in the region throughout the entire time period when the lakes formed and (b) if pike typically colonize lakes that are formed today. We also addressed the likelihood that unrecorded anthropogenic introductions could bias our estimates of extinction rate.

Our results supported the interpretation that current patterns of presence/absence in our study system are shaped by extinctions. Further, we found that time since isolation and fragment area had strong effects on pike population survival. In contrast, spatial habitat subdivision (i.e. if a fragment contained few large lakes or many small lakes) and other environmental covariates describing climate and productivity were unrelated to pike survival. Over all, extinction rate was high in young fragments and decreased sharply with increasing fragment age.

Our study demonstrates how the link between extinction rate and habitat size and spatial structure can be quantified. More similar studies may help us find generalizations that can guide management of habitat size and connectivity.
The inhibitors of risk information sharing in the supply chain: A multiple case study in Turkey
Authors: Can Saglam Yesim , Sezen Bulent , Çankaya Sibel Yildiz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the greatest threats faced by organizations is disruption in the supply chain arising from not sharing risk information among the supply chain partners. The aim of this study is to identify the inhibitors of risk information sharing in a supply chain by using practical‐side evidence. An exploratory multiple case design was utilized to investigate why supply chain partners in Turkey may be reluctant to share risk information among their members and provide solutions to overcome these barriers. The results of the study indicate that the inhibitors of risk information sharing fall into three categories: risk‐related, organization‐related, and management‐related. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate possible solutions for reluctance in risk information sharing among supply chain partners based on managers' experiences.
Friend or foe? The impact of high‐performance work practices on workplace bullying
Authors: Salin Denise , Notelaers Guy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between high‐performance work practices (HPWPs) and workplace bullying and identify possible mediators. The study presents hypotheses based on two competing perspectives: a mutual gains perspective, arguing that HPWPs lead to higher perceptions of justice and less role conflict, thereby reducing the risk of bullying; and, a critical perspective, arguing that HPWPs lead to work intensification and competition among colleagues, and thereby to more bullying. A two‐wave survey (n = 209) was conducted among business professionals in Finland. The results show that HPWPs are associated with less bullying, and justice and role conflict mediated the relationship. Thus, the results provide support for the mutual gains perspective on HPWPs, challenging prevailing assumptions in the bullying literature that suggest performance‐enhancing HR practices are a risk factor. Instead, the results point to the significance of HPWPs as an important tool to prevent bullying.
Management of patients with hepatocellular adenoma: a single‐institution experience
Authors: Nahm Christopher B. , Parker Nicholas , Gundara Justin S. , Gill Anthony J. , Bhimani Nazim , Samra Jaswinder S. , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumour that may cause diagnostic and management dilemmas. This study describes the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients who were treated for HCA in a tertiary referral hospital over a 17‐year period.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of prospectively collected data of all patients treated for HCA within the Northern Upper GI Surgical unit between 2002 and 2018. Immunohistochemical β‐catenin expression was evaluated.ResultsThirty‐two patients had histological or radiologically confirmed HCA. Twenty‐eight patients underwent 30 operations and four patients were treated conservatively. The median age of the operative group was 43 years (range 19–83) and most patients were female (95%). The median body mass index was 28.7 (range 20–51), and nine patients (33%) were obese. Seven patients (25%) had multifocal HCA. Evidence of prior bleed or rupture or a perceived risk of either a bleed or malignant change (i.e. tumours ≥50 mm) were the most common indications for resection. There were no perioperative mortalities. Nuclear expression of β‐catenin by immunohistochemical staining was negative in all cases and there was no malignancy identified in any of the resected lesions. Two patients required transarterial embolization and two patients required a second liver resection for residual HCA.ConclusionHCA is a rare lesion predominantly affecting females. Haemorrhage is seen frequently on imaging studies, occasionally requiring urgent angioembolization and/or surgical intervention. Malignant transformation and immunohistochemical β‐catenin expression are uncommon. HCA may be multifocal and residual tumours usually require ongoing surveillance and occasionally further intervention.
Pancreatic resection in patients with synchronous extra‐pancreatic malignancy: outcomes and complications
Authors: Mehta Shreya , Tan Grace I. , Nahm Christopher B. , Chua Terence C. , Pearson Andrew , Gill Anthony J. , Samra Jaswinder S. , Mittal Anubhav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients may present with a resectable pancreatic tumour in the context of a concurrent primary extra‐pancreatic malignancy. These patients pose a dilemma regarding their suitability for surgery. We evaluated our experience with such patients who underwent pancreatic resection with curative intent and detailed their outcomes and rationale for surgical decision‐making.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with pancreatic concurrent extra‐pancreatic primary malignancy who underwent pancreatic resection at our institution over a 12‐year period (2005–2016) was performed. Clinical, histopathological and perioperative outcomes were reviewed.ResultsTen patients with a median age of 74 years (40–85 years) were identified. Secondary primary tumours included thyroid (n = 2), gastrointestinal (n = 4), small bowel neuroendocrine (n = 1), renal (n = 1) and haematological malignancies (n = 2). Pancreatic tumours included pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (n = 6), solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (n = 2) and ampullary carcinomas (n = 2). After a median follow up of 41.3 months (31.3–164 months), 8 of 10 patients were still alive. Two patients died due to metastatic disease from the secondary malignancy (small bowel neuroendocrine tumour and sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma). The post‐operative complication rate was 30% with no perioperative 90‐day mortality.ConclusionSelected patients with a pancreatic and concurrent primary extra‐pancreatic malignancy may undergo curative pancreatic resection with favourable outcomes.
Costs and outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in New Zealand: a 10‐year observational study
Authors: Varghese Chris , Wells Cameron I. , O'Grady Gregory , Bissett Ian P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFaecal incontinence is a debilitating condition that affects more than 10% of New Zealanders. In well‐selected cohorts, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) offers a therapeutic option for patients refractory to conservative and other surgical treatments. The aim of this study was to define the clinical efficacy, rate of reinterventions and explants and healthcare costs associated with SNS in the New Zealand setting.MethodsClinical records of all consecutive patients undergoing SNS at Auckland District Health Board between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and paired with the results of a postal survey to 100 patients who had retained the implant at August 2019.ResultsOver the 10‐year period, 142 patients underwent stage 1 SNS, of which 126 (88.7%) progressed to a permanent implant and 108 (76.1%) had retained the implant at a median follow‐up of 41.2 months. SNS therapy significantly reduced weekly faecal incontinence episodes (P < 0.001), medication use (P < 0.001) and pad use (P = 0.01) at median 41.2 months. Complications were common, with infections in 9.2%, lead fractures in 4.9% and component migrations in 12.7%. The probability of retaining the same battery at 6.3 years was >90%. In total, reintervetion was necessary in 41.5% of the cohort. SNS therapy was expensive, costing >NZ$30 000 for implantation, increasing to >NZ$46 000 if a further reintervention was required.ConclusionsSNS is an effective long‐term therapy for faecal incontinence. However, it is expensive and associated with a high rate of reinterventions and explants.
The use of augmented reality to foster conceptual knowledge acquisition in STEM laboratory courses—Theoretical background and empirical results
Authors: Altmeyer Kristin , Kapp Sebastian , Thees Michael , Malone Sarah , Kuhn Jochen , Brünken Roland 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLearning with hands‐on experiments can be supported by providing essential information virtually during lab work. Augmented reality (AR) appears especially suitable for presenting information during experimentation, as it can be used to integrate both physical and virtual lab work. Virtual information can be displayed in close spatial proximity to the correspondent components in the experimentation environment, thereby ensuring a basic design principle for multimedia instruction: the spatial contiguity principle. The latter is assumed to reduce learners' extraneous cognitive load and foster generative processing, which supports conceptual knowledge acquisition. For the present study, a tablet‐based AR application has been developed to support learning from hands‐on experiments in physics education. Real‐time measurement data were displayed directly above the components of electric circuits, which were constructed by the learners during lab work. In a two group pretest–posttest design, we compared university students' (N = 50) perceived cognitive load and conceptual knowledge gain for both the AR‐supported and a matching non‐AR learning environment. Whereas participants in both conditions gave comparable ratings for cognitive load, learning gains in conceptual knowledge were only detectable for the AR‐supported lab work.
Phase I dose‐escalation trial to repurpose propagermanium, an oral CCL2 inhibitor, in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Masuda Takaaki , Noda Miwa , Kogawa Takahiro , Kitagawa Dai , Hayashi Naoki , Jomori Takahito , Nakanishi Yoichi , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Ohno Shinji , Mimori Koshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe formation of premetastatic niches creates a fertile environment for the seeding of disseminated cancer cells in selected secondary organs. This is crucial for the development of metastasis in various malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). We previously reported that the loss of FBXW7 in bone marrow‐derived stromal cells promoted cancer metastasis by increasing the production of the chemokine CCL2, which attracts myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and macrophages to the premetastatic niche. Furthermore, treatment with the CCL2 inhibitor propagermanium (PG), which has been used in Japan as a therapeutic agent against chronic hepatitis B, was shown to block the enhancement of metastasis in FBXW7‐deficient mice through inhibiting the formation of premetastatic niches. Here, we describe a phase I dose‐escalation study of PG used as an antimetastatic drug for perioperative patients with primary BC. The primary end‐point was the percentage of patients who experience dose‐limiting toxicity. Twelve patients were enrolled in the study. Dose‐limiting toxicity was not observed, and the maximum dose was determined to be 90 mg/body/day. The serum concentrations of PG were nearly within the normal range in all observation days. We observed an inverse correlation between FBXW7 mRNA levels in blood and the serum concentrations of CCL2 and interleukin (IL)‐6, in agreement with our previous mouse model. Also, IL‐6 was downregulated in a PG dose‐dependent manner, as observed in mice. Thus, PG was given safely and it is expected to have antimetastatic potential in BC. This trial is registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000022494.
Transcription factor AP‐4 (TFAP4)‐upstream ORF coding 66 aa inhibits the malignant behaviors of glioma cells by suppressing the TFAP4/long noncoding RNA 00520/microRNA‐520f‐3p feedback loop
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Yang Chunqing , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Zhang Fangfang , Wang Di , Xue Yixue , Li Xiaozhi , Shen Shuyuan , Shao Lianqi , Yang Yang , Liu Libo , Ma Jun , Liu Yunhui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUpstream ORF (uORF) is a translational initiation element located in the 5′UTR of eukaryotic mRNAs. Studies have found that uORFs play an important regulatory role in many diseases. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the results of our experiments and previous research evidence, we investigated transcription factor AP‐4 (TFAP4) and its uORF, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1), long noncoding RNA 00520 (LINC00520), and microRNA (miR)‐520f‐3p as candidates involved in glioma malignancy, which is a poorly understood process. Both TFAP4‐66aa‐uORF and miR‐520f‐3p were downregulated, and TFAP4, LASP1, and LINC00520 were highly expressed in glioma tissues and cells. TFAP4‐66aa‐uORF or miR‐520f‐3p overexpression or TFAP4, LASP1, or LINC00520 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. TFAP4‐66aa‐uORF inhibited the translation of TFAP4 by binding to the TFAP4 mRNA. MicroRNA‐520f‐3p inhibited TFAP4 expression by binding to its 3′UTR. However, LINC00520 could promote the expression of TFAP4 by competitively binding to miR‐520f‐3p. In addition, TFAP4 transcriptionally activated LASP1 and LINC00520 expression by binding to their promoter regions, forming a positive feedback loop of TFAP4/LINC00520/miR‐520f‐3p. Our findings together indicated that TFAP4‐66aa‐uORF inhibited the TFAP4/LINC00520/miR‐520f‐3p feedback loop by directly inhibiting TFAP4 expression, subsequently leading to inhibition of glioma malignancy. This provides a basis for developing new therapeutic approaches for glioma treatment.
Twenty‐five‐year follow‐up of educational differences in toothache prevalence
Authors: Raittio Eero , Helakorpi Satu , Suominen Anna Liisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesNationally representative studies on socioeconomic differences in toothache prevalence are very limited, especially with a long follow‐up period. Our aim was to examine the education‐related differences in toothache prevalence among 25‐ to 64‐year‐olds in Finland during 1990‐2014.MethodsWe used data from the Health Behaviour and Health Among the Finnish Adult Population surveys. Data were gathered by random samples of 15‐ to 64‐year‐old Finns annually between 1990 and 2014. Response rates decreased during this period from 76% (n = 3812) to 53% (n = 2630). Our final pooled total sample size was 63 372 after exclusion of edentate participants and missing data. Relative educational level was used to measure socioeconomic position. In addition to basic tabulations, educational differences in toothache prevalence during the past month were investigated using the multiple additive regression tree for mediation analysis.ResultsThe proportion of respondents who reported having had toothache during the past month increased from 7% to 12% from 1990 to 2014. Educational differences in toothache prevalence were small for the whole study period, especially in women. Men with high relative education had a lower toothache prevalence than people with low relative education during 1990‐1994 and 2010‐2014. This stemmed from the direct effect of relative education and the indirect effects of toothbrushing frequency, number of missing teeth and perceived health. In both sexes, those with middle‐level relative education had higher toothache prevalence than people with low relative education 1995‐2009.ConclusionsDuring 1990‐2014, toothache prevalence increased among 25‐ to 64‐year‐olds in Finland. Since the mid‐1990s, differences in toothache prevalence by relative education remained very small in both sexes. More actions are needed to understand reasons behind the clearly increased toothache prevalence in Finland during the last decades.
Long noncoding RNA‐mRNA expression profiles and validation in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Ji Meng , Tang Liang , Ding Rumei , Shi Ligang , Liu Anan , Chen Danlei , Shao Chenghao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a group of endocrine tumours arising in the pancreas and deemed to be the most common neuroendocrine tumours. The pathogenesis of pNENs remains unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cancers. The functional roles of lncRNAs and lncRNA‐mRNA expression profiles in pNENs are undefined. The aim of this study was to identify the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and explore the lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression networks associated with the pNENs carcinogenesis.MethodDifferentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA in pNENs tissues from adjacent tissues were detected using human lncRNA microarray V3.0 containing 30 586 lncRNA and 26 109 coding transcripts. Probable functions for lncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted according to lncRNA‐mRNA network.ResultsThe microarray identified 2080 lncRNAs and 1771 mRNAs in pNENs tumours differentially expressed compared with the adjacent tissues. The GO terms and KEGG pathway annotation data indicated that cell projection morphogenesis, cell adhesion molecules pathway, PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway, focal adhesion pathway, neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction pathways and Ras signalling pathways were significantly associated with the pNENs tumorigenesis. Co‐expression network analysis revealed the differential interactions between lncRNAs and mRNAs in pNENs tumours and adjacent tissues. The genes, situated at the important nodes of the co‐expression network, include ICOSLG, ENST00000512077, FGF8 and ENST00000511918.ConclusionsThere were significant differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression between pNEN tumours and adjacent tissues, and these differences were associated with tumorigenesis through multiple biological processes and signalling pathways. These results provided important insights regarding lncRNA in pNENs pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets.
Intraoperative squash cytology provides a qualitative intraoperative diagnosis for cases in which frozen section yields a diagnosis of equivocal brain tumour
Authors: Fujita Hirotaka , Tajiri Takuma , Machida Tomohisa , Nomura Nozomi , Toguchi Suguru , Itoh Hitoshi , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Sugiyama Tomoko , Imai Masaaki , Oda Shinri , Shimoda Masami , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed whether intraoperative squash cytology could provide surgeons with a qualitative diagnosis of brain lesions when frozen section diagnosis is equivocal.MethodsThe study included 51 lesions that were diagnosed intraoperatively as equivocal brain tumour on the basis of frozen section. We retrospectively classified the lesions into five groups according to the final histopathological diagnoses (I: malignant lymphomas; II: diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglia tumours; III: pituitary adenomas, IV: metastatic carcinomas; V: others). We assessed the squash cytology features of Groups I–IV and of the specific lesion types, and compared features among the groups.ResultsThe four groups differed in a range of salient cytomorphological features: lymphoglandular bodies in Group I (eight of nine cases), cytoplasmic fibrillary processes in Group II (six of eight cases), low‐grade nuclear atypia in Group III (seven of seven cases), and large nuclei (approximately 80 μm2) and nuclear crush artefacts in Group IV (seven of nine cases).ConclusionFindings of lymphoglandular bodies on intraoperative squash cytology can be considered characteristic of malignant lymphomas, while cytoplasmic fibrillary processes indicate diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours. We conclude that squash cytology could yield a qualitative intraoperative diagnosis in over 25% of cases for which frozen section yields a diagnosis of equivocal brain tumour.
Negative correlations between native macrophyte diversity and water hyacinth abundance are stronger in its introduced than in its native range
Authors: Lolis Lucas Assumpção , Alves Diego Corrêa , Fan Shufeng , Lv Tian , Yang Lei , Li Yang , Liu Chunhua , Yu Dan , Thomaz Sidinei Magela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWe tested the hypothesis that the diversity and abundance of aquatic macrophytes are negatively related withEichhornia crassipesabundance in its introduced range, but not in its native range.LocationUpper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil and Southeast China.MethodsWe sampled aquatic macrophytes patches in Brazil (native range) and China (introduced range) along a biomass gradient ofE. crassipes. For each patch, we obtained values of species richness and aquatic macrophytes percentage cover, as response variables in regression models. We also used species accumulation curves to quantify the total plot diversity in dominated and non‐dominated plots for both countries. Finally, we compared the influence ofE. crassipesdominance on community composition and beta diversity with Permanova and Permdisp, respectively.ResultsThe regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between macrophyte richness and cover andE. crassipesbiomass only in the introduced range. The cumulative number of species decreased at a higher extent in plots dominated byE. crassipesin China, compared with Brazil. Also, species composition changed and beta diversity decreased in the dominated plots in China, but not in Brazil.Main ConclusionsThe reduction of all diversity attributes related toE. crassipesprobably results from its engineer species role, which decreases littoral region habitat heterogeneity and affects rare species in the introduced range. Differences between countries may be associated with impacts of water hyacinth on native macrophytes as this plant grows very fast and is highly competitive. Although less probable, biotic resistance at the establishment phase of water hyacinth in sites with higher number of native species is also a possibility. Regardless of the main mechanism explaining our patterns, it is suggested that invasion by water hyacinth is a cause for concern for its higher impacts in the introduced ranges than the native ranges.