bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms in Per1, PER2 and Ca2+ of a solitary SCN neuron cultured on a microisland
Authors: Hirata Yoshihiro , Enoki Ryosuke , Kuribayashi-Shigetomi Kaori , Oda Yoshiaki , Honma Sato , Honma Ken-ichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCircadian rhythms in Per1, PER2 expression and intracellular Ca2+ were measured from a solitary SCN neuron or glial cell which was physically isolated from other cells. Dispersed cells were cultured on a platform of microisland (100–200 μm in diameter) in a culture dish. Significant circadian rhythms were detected in 57.1% for Per1 and 70.0% for PER2 expression. When two neurons were located on the same island, the circadian rhythms showed desynchronization, indicating a lack of oscillatory coupling. Circadian rhythms were also detected in intracellular Ca2+ of solitary SCN neurons. The ratio of circadian positive neurons was significantly larger without co-habitant of glial cells (84.4%) than with it (25.0%). A relatively large fraction of SCN neurons generates the intrinsic circadian oscillation without neural or humoral networks. In addition, glial cells seem to interrupt the expression of the circadian rhythmicity of intracellular Ca2+ under these conditions.
Transcriptome changes in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to food-grade titanium dioxide (E171): contribution of the nano- and micro- sized particles
Authors: Proquin Héloïse , Jonkhout Marloes C. M. , Jetten Marlon J. , van Loveren Henk , de Kok Theo M. , Briedé Jacob J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe food additive titanium dioxide (TiO2), or E171, is a white food colorant. Recent studies showed after E171 ingestion a significantly increased number of colorectal tumours in a colorectal cancer mouse model as well as inflammatory responses and dysregulation of the immune system in the intestine of rats. In the mouse colon, E171 induced gene expression changes related to oxidative stress, impairment of the immune system, activation of signalling and cancer-related processes. E171 comprises nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs). Previous in vitro studies showed that E171, NPs and MPs induced oxidative stress responses, DNA damage and micronuclei formation. This study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of the NPs and MPs to effects of E171 at the transcriptome level in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells by genome wide microarray analysis. The results showed that E171, NPs, and MPs induce gene expression changes related to signalling, inflammation, immune system, transport and cancer. At the pathway level, metabolism of proteins with the insulin processing pathway and haemostasis were specific to E171 exposure. The gene expression changes associated with the immune system and inflammation induced by E171, MPs, and NPs suggest the creation of a favourable environment for colon cancer development.
Association of pre-existing depression with all-cause, cancer-related, and noncancer-related mortality among 5-year cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ko Ahryoung , Kim Kyuwoong , Sik Son Joung , Park Hye Yoon , Park Sang Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious studies on the association between mental health and mortality in patients with cancer have reported contradictory results. We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine whether pre-existing depression is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality after cancer diagnosis. We included 5-year cancer survivors, identified from the National Health Insurance Scheme Health Screening Cohort between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association between pre-existing depression and all-cause, cancer-related, and noncancer-related mortality among 5-year cancer survivors. After adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle, and clinical status, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause, cancer-related, and noncancer-related mortality among 5-year cancer survivors with pre-existing depression were 1.52 (1.13–2.05), 1.17 (0.75–1.81), and 2.07 (1.38–3.10) compared with those without pre-existing depression, respectively. Significant associations between pre-existing depression and mortalities (all-cause and noncancer-related mortality) were only observed among male cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that depression is associated with all-cause mortality after cancer diagnosis and that greater efforts should be focused on the long-term survival of patients with cancer with pre-existing depression, especially in male cancer survivors.
Hydrophobic ligands influence the structure, stability, and processing of the major cockroach allergen Bla g 1
Authors: Foo Alexander C. Y. , Thompson Peter M. , Perera Lalith , Arora Simrat , DeRose Eugene F. , Williams Jason , Mueller Geoffrey A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cockroach allergen Bla g 1 forms a novel fold consisting of 12 amphipathic alpha-helices enclosing an exceptionally large hydrophobic cavity which was previously demonstrated to bind a variety of lipids. Since lipid-dependent immunoactivity is observed in numerous allergens, understanding the structural basis of this interaction could yield insights into the molecular determinants of allergenicity. Here, we report atomic modelling of Bla g 1 bound to both fatty-acid and phospholipids ligands, with 8 acyl chains suggested to represent full stoichiometric binding. This unusually high occupancy was verified experimentally, though both modelling and circular dichroism indicate that the general alpha-helical structure is maintained regardless of cargo loading. Fatty-acid cargoes significantly enhanced thermostability while inhibiting cleavage by cathepsin S, an endosomal protease essential for antigen processing and presentation; the latter of which was found to correlate to a decreased production of known T-cell epitopes. Both effects were strongly dependent on acyl chain length, with 18–20 carbons providing the maximal increase in melting temperature (~20 °C) while completely abolishing proteolysis. Diacyl chain cargoes provided similar enhancements to thermostability, but yielded reduced levels of proteolytic resistance. This study describes how the biophysical properties of Bla g 1 ligand binding and digestion may relate to antigen processing, with potential downstream implications for immunogenicity.
Symbionts do not affect the mating incompatibility between the Brazilian-1 and Peruvian morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex
Authors: Devescovi Francisco , Conte Claudia A. , Augustinos Antonios , Martinez Elena I. Cancio , Segura Diego F. , Caceres Carlos , Lanzavecchia Silvia B. , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is clearly undergoing a speciation process. Among others, two of their morphotypes, the Brazilian-1 and Peruvian, have accumulated differences in pre- and post-zygotic mechanisms resulting in a degree of reproductive isolation. Both harbor a different strain of Wolbachia, which is a widespread endosymbiotic bacterium among many invertebrates producing a range of reproductive effects. In this paper, we studied the role of this bacterium as one of the factors involved in such isolation process. Infected and cured laboratory colonies were used to test pre- and post-zygotic effects, with special emphasis in uni- and bi-directional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). We showed that Wolbachia is the only known reproductive symbiont present in these morphotypes. Wolbachia reduced the ability for embryonic development in crosses involving cured females and infected males within each morphotype (uni-directional CI). This inhibition showed to be more effective in the Peruvian morphotype. Bi-directional CI was not evidenced, suggesting the presence of compatible Wolbachia strains. We conclude that Wolbachia is not directly involved in the speciation process of these morphotypes. Other mechanisms rather than CI should be explored in order to explain the reduced mating compatibility between the Brazilian-1 and Peruvian morphotypes.
Beta rhythm events predict corticospinal motor output
Authors: Hussain Sara J. , Cohen Leonardo G. , Bönstrup Marlene 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe beta rhythm (15–30 Hz) is a prominent signal of sensorimotor cortical activity. This rhythm is not sustained but occurs non-rhythmically as brief events of a few (1–2) oscillatory cycles. Recent work on the relationship between these events and sensorimotor performance suggests that they are the biologically relevant elements of the beta rhythm. However, the influence of these events on corticospinal excitability, a mechanism through which the primary motor cortex controls motor output, is unknown. Here, we addressed this question by evaluating relationships between beta event characteristics and corticospinal excitability in healthy adults. Results show that the number, amplitude, and timing of beta events preceding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) each significantly predicted motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes. However, beta event characteristics did not explain additional MEP amplitude variance beyond that explained by mean beta power alone, suggesting that conventional beta power measures and beta event characteristics similarly captured natural variation in human corticospinal excitability. Despite this lack of additional explained variance, these results provide first evidence that endogenous beta oscillatory events shape human corticospinal excitability.
Development of Novel Silyl Cyanocinnamic Acid Derivatives as Metabolic Plasticity Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Nelson Grady L. , Ronayne Conor T. , Solano Lucas N. , Jonnalagadda Sravan K. , Jonnalagadda Shirisha , Rumbley Jon , Holy Jon , Rose-Hellekant Teresa , Drewes Lester R. , Mereddy Venkatram R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNovel silyl cyanocinnamic acid derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer agents.In vitrostudies reveal that lead derivatives2aand2bhave enhanced cancer cell proliferation inhibition properties when compared to the parent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor cyano-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC). Further, candidate compounds exhibit several-fold more potent MCT1 inhibition properties as determined by lactate-uptake studies, and these studies are supported by MCT homology modeling and computational inhibitor-docking studies.In vitroeffects on glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism also illustrate that the lead derivatives2aand2blead to significant effects on both metabolic pathways.In vivosystemic toxicity and efficacy studies in colorectal cancer cell WiDr tumor xenograft demonstrate that candidate compounds are well tolerated and exhibit good single agent anticancer efficacy properties.
Investigation of the preservation effect of canagliflozin on pancreatic beta cell mass using SPECT/CT imaging with 111In-labeled exendin-4
Authors: Hamamatsu Keita , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Fujita Naotaka , Murakami Takaaki , Shiotani Masaharu , Toyoda Kentaro , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadiolabeled exendin derivatives are promising for non-invasive quantification of pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM); longitudinal observation of BCM for evaluation of therapeutic effects has not been achieved. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of our developing method using [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 to detect longitudinal changes in BCM. We performed a longitudinal study with obese type 2 diabetes model (db/db) mice administered canagliflozin, which is reported to preserve BCM. Six-week-old mice were assigned to a canagliflozin-administered group or a control group. Blood glucose levels of the canagliflozin group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Plasma insulin levels, insulin secretion during OGTT and insulin content in the pancreas were preserved in the canagliflozin group in comparison with those in the control group. According to SPECT/CT imaging analysis using [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4, pancreatic uptake was significantly decreased in the control group, whereas there was no significant change in the canagliflozin group. After nine weeks, both pancreatic uptake and BCM of the canagliflozin group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and a correlation between them was observed. In conclusion, our imaging method confirmed the BCM-preservation effect of canagliflozin, and demonstrated its potential for longitudinal evaluation of BCM.
Effects of early dialysis on the outcomes of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lin Wei-Ting , Lai Chih-Cheng , Chang Shen-Peng , Wang Jian-Jhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe appropriate timing for initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of early initiation of RRT in critically ill patients with AKI. The Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to August 13, 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of early and late RRT on AKI patients were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Eleven RCTs including 1131 and 1111 AKI patients assigned to early and late RRT strategies, respectively, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled 28-day mortality was 38.1% (431/1131) and 40.7% (453/1111) in the patients assigned to early and late RRT, respectively, with no significant difference between groups (risk ratio (RR), 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78–1.15, I2 = 63%). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of RRT dependence in survivors on day 28 (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67–1.25, I2 = 0%), and recovery of renal function (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89–1.19, I2 = 56%). The early RRT group had higher risks of catheter-related infection (RR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.01–2.97, I2 = 0%) and hypophosphatemia (RR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.25–4.99, I2 = 77%) than the late RRT group. In conclusion, an early RRT strategy does not improve survival, RRT dependence, or renal function recovery in critically ill patients with AKI in comparison with a late RRT strategy. However, clinicians should be vigilant because early RRT can carry higher risks of catheter-related infection and hypophosphatemia during dialysis than late RRT.
The optimal timing of additional surgery after non-curative endoscopic resection to treat early gastric cancer: long-term follow-up study
Authors: Cha Jae Hwang , Kim Jie-Hyun , Kim Hyoung-Il , Jung Da Hyun , Park Jae Jun , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin , Choi Seung Ho , Cheong Jae-Ho , Hyung Woo Jin , Noh Sung Hoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who undergo non-curative endoscopic resection (ER) require additional surgery. The aim of the study was to validate surgical and oncological outcomes according to the timing of additional surgery after non-curative endoscopic resection. We retrospectively analyzed long-term follow-up data on the 302 patients enrolled between January 2007 and December 2014. We validated our earlier suggestion that the optimal time interval from non-curative ER to additional surgery was 29 days. All patients were divided into two groups by reference to time intervals from ER to additional surgery of ≤29days (n = 133; group A) and >29 days (n = 169; group B). The median follow-up duration was 41.98 ± 21.23 months. As in our previous study, group B exhibited better surgical outcomes. A total of 10 patients developed locoregional or distant recurrences during the follow-up period, but no significant difference was evident between the two groups. Interestingly, the survival rate was better in group B. Group B (>29 days) exhibited better surgical and oncological outcomes. Thus, additional gastrectomy after non-curative ER should be delayed for 1 month to ensure optimal surgical and oncological outcomes.
Chitosan Encapsulation of FerrateVI for Controlled Release to Water:Mechanistic Insights and Degradation of Organic Contaminant
Authors: Chen Bo-Yen , Kuo Hsuen-Wen , Sharma Virender K. , Den Walter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTetraoxy-anion of iron in +6 oxidation state (FeVIO42−, FeVI), commonly called ferrate, has shown tremendous potential as a green oxidative agent for decontaminating water and air. Encapsulation of solid potassium salt of ferrate (K2FeO4) circumvents the inherent drawbacks of the instability of ferrate under humid conditions. In the encapsulated strategy, controlled release without exposing the solid ferrate to the humid environment avoids self-decomposition of the oxidant by water in the air, and the ferrate is mostly used to decontaminate water efficiently. This study demonstrated the formulation of oxidative microcapsules with natural materials present in chitosan, whose release rate of the core material can be controlled by the type of intermediate hydrocarbon layer and the pH-dependent swelling of chitosan shell. The pH played a pivotal role in swelling chitosan shell and releasing the core oxidant. In a strong acidic solution, chitosan tended to swell quickly and release FeVI at a faster rate than under neutral conditions. Additionally, among the several long-chain hydrocarbon compounds, oleic acid exhibited the strongest “locking” effect when applied as the intermediate layer, giving rise to the slow release of FeVI. Coconut oil and mineral oil, in comparison, allowed FeVI to penetrate the layer within shorter lengths of time and showed comparable degrees of degradation of target contaminant, methylene orange, under ambient temperature and near-neutral conditions. These findings have practical ramifications for remediating environmental and industrial processes.
Short-term effects of sound localization training in virtual reality
Authors: Steadman Mark A. , Kim Chungeun , Lestang Jean-Hugues , Goodman Dan F. M. , Picinali Lorenzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHead-related transfer functions (HRTFs) capture the direction-dependant way that sound interacts with the head and torso. In virtual audio systems, which aim to emulate these effects, non-individualized, generic HRTFs are typically used leading to an inaccurate perception of virtual sound location. Training has the potential to exploit the brain’s ability to adapt to these unfamiliar cues. In this study, three virtual sound localization training paradigms were evaluated; one provided simple visual positional confirmation of sound source location, a second introduced game design elements (“gamification”) and a final version additionally utilized head-tracking to provide listeners with experience of relative sound source motion (“active listening”). The results demonstrate a significant effect of training after a small number of short (12-minute) training sessions, which is retained across multiple days. Gamification alone had no significant effect on the efficacy of the training, but active listening resulted in a significantly greater improvements in localization accuracy. In general, improvements in virtual sound localization following training generalized to a second set of non-individualized HRTFs, although some HRTF-specific changes were observed in polar angle judgement for the active listening group. The implications of this on the putative mechanisms of the adaptation process are discussed.
Carbamylation and glycation compete for collagen molecular aging in vivo
Authors: Nicolas Camille , Jaisson Stéphane , Gorisse Laëtitia , Tessier Frédéric J. , Niquet-Léridon Céline , Jacolot Philippe , Pietrement Christine , Gillery Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTissue aging is a complex phenomenon involving molecular aging of matrix proteins, which mainly results from their progressive alteration by nonenzymatic post-translational modifications (NEPTMs) such as glycation and carbamylation. These two reactions, which correspond to the binding of reactive metabolites (i.e. reducing sugars and urea-derived cyanate, respectively) on amino groups of proteins, occur during aging and are amplified in various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or chronic renal disease (CKD). Since these reactions target the same functional groups, they can reciprocally compete for protein modification. Determining which NEPTM is predominant in tissues is necessary to better understand their role in the development of long-term complications of chronic diseases. For that purpose, two different murine models were used for reproducing such a competitive context: a CKD-diabetic mice model and a cyanate-consuming mice model. The competition has been evaluated by quantifying glycation and carbamylation products by LC-MS/MS in skin and aorta total extracts as well as in skin type I collagen. The results showed that the simultaneous enhancement of glycation and carbamylation reactions resulted in a decrease of the formation of glycation products (especially Amadori products) whereas the concentrations of homocitrulline, a carbamylation product, remained similar. These results, which have been obtained in both tissues and in purified skin type I collagen, suggest that carbamylation takes precedence over glycation for the modification of tissue proteins, but only in pathological conditions favouring these two NEPTMs. While glycation has been considered for a long time the predominant NEPTM of matrix proteins, carbamylation seems to also play an important role in tissue aging. The existence of competition between these NEPTMs must be taken into account to better understand the consequences of molecular aging of matrix proteins in tissue aging.
A Prospective Observational Cohort of Clinical Outcomes in Medical Inpatients prescribed Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis Using Different Clinical Risk Assessment Models(COMPT RAMs)
Authors: Chamoun Nibal , Matta Stephanie , Aderian Sandrine Sarine , Salibi Rami , Salameh Pascale , Tayeh Gaby , Haddad Elie , Ghanem Hady 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Caprini and Padua venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment models (RAMs) are used to assess VTE risk in surgical and in medical patients respectively. This study aims to compare the proportion of medical inpatients eligible for VTE prophylaxis using the hospital Caprini-based RAM to using the Caprini and Padua RAMs and to assess the associated clinical outcomes. In a prospective observational study, we assessed 297 adult medical inpatients for whom VTE thromboprophylaxis was initiated according to the hospital Caprini-based RAM, referred to as the Lebanese American University Medical Center RAM (LAUMC-RAM). The Padua, Caprini and IMPROVE bleeding risk scores were also assessed for all patients. Bleeding and thromboembolism were evaluated at 14 and 30 days post VTE risk assessment. Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was warranted in 97.6%, 99.7%, and 52.9% of patients using the Caprini-based, Caprini, and Padua RAMs respectively. The Caprini-based and Caprini RAMs were highly correlated (r = 0.873 p < 0.001) and were significantly less correlated with the Padua RAM. Major and overall bleeding occurred in 1.4% and 9.2% respectively. VTE was reported in 0.4% with no VTE related mortality. In hospitalized medical patients, the Caprini-based RAM can accurately distinguish low and high VTE risk without resulting in increased risk of bleeding.