bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Expression and Prognosis Analyses of ITGB1 in AML
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Jin Nan , Chen Baoan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a dangerous type of leukemia. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and recurrence limits the prognosis and survival of patients. In recent studies, we have known that the bone marrow microenvironment was closely related to the poor prognosis of AML. However, the underlying mechanisms are still far from fully understood. By utilizing the bioinformatics analysis, we screened out integrin β1 (ITGB1) as the hub gene, which is associated with the bone marrow microenvironment mediated changes of AML cells, with expression profile GSE73157 downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database.MethodsR studio software was used to screen out candidate hub genes and further visualize the differential expression. R package “limma” was to find out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were conducted by R package “cluster Profiler”. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also performed by online tool STRING and software Cytoscape. Last but not least, online tool PrognoScan and GEPIA was utilized for the evaluation of clinical significance of the selected hub gene. P and Cox p value <0.05 was considered to be statistical significance.ResultsITGB1 was filtrated as the only hub gene in this profile. We found that patients with high expression of ITGB1 had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than those with low expression (COX p value= 0.016730). Besides, the expression of the ITGB1 gene in AML patients is lower than that in normal people significantly (p value<0.01).ConclusionWe identified ITGB1 as a key gene in the bone marrow microenvironment mediated poor prognosis in AML. The down-regulated expression of ITGB1 was related to AML patients’ poor outcome. ITGB1 may be a potential marker for predicting and guiding AML treatment.
Therapeutic MK-4482/EIDD-2801 Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Ferrets
Authors: Plemper Richard , Cox Robert , Wolf Josef 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a catastrophic impact on human health. Widespread community transmission has triggered stringent distancing measures with severe socioeconomic consequences. Gaining control of the pandemic will depend on interruption of transmission chains until protective herd immunity arises. Ferrets and related members of the weasel genus transmit SARS-CoV-2 efficiently with minimal clinical signs, resembling spread in the young-adult population. We previously reported an orally efficacious nucleoside analog inhibitor of influenza viruses, EIDD-2801 (or MK-4482), that was repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 and is in phase II/III clinical trials. Employing the ferret model, we demonstrate in this study high SARS-CoV-2 burden in nasal tissues and secretions that coincides with efficient direct-contact transmission. Therapeutic treatment of infected animals with twice-daily MK-4482/EIDD-2801 significantly reduced upper respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 load and completely suppressed spread to untreated contact animals. This study identifies oral MK-4482/EIDD-2801 as a promising antiviral countermeasure to break SARS-CoV-2 community transmission chains.
A Regionalization Model to Increase Equity of Access to Perinatal Care Services
Authors: Daniali Zahra Mohammadi , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Sobhani Farzad Movahedi , Heidarzadeh Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundReducing neonatal mortality is one of the most important issue in developing countries. One powerful method to reduce the neonatal mortality rate is increase equity in access to health services by regionalization. This study employs national hospitalized birth data from march 2018 to march 2019 to determine the optimal number and location of Perinatal Care Services (PCS) and to manage the referral network of the region.MethodsThis research has examined effective criteria regarding PCS network design. These criteria include the equipment (number of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and ventilator), experts (number of neonatal expert and fellowship), gravity (actual journey of expectant mothers to hospitals), and the type of university manages hospital. Moreover, distances between demands and PCS were transformed into vehicular travel time according to the maximum speed limit in the country road network. There have been annual 315,992 hospitalized birth data. These data provided separately for each city and three types of service requirements according to the gestational age and birth weight, i.e., under 32 weeks or 1500 gram, between 32-34 weeks or 1500-2000 gram, and over 34 weeks or 2000 gram, which receive services of level I, II, and III, respectively. A model builder tool of ARC GIS software was applied to develop a three-level hierarchical location-allocation model to respond to the maximal demand in 30 (level I), 60 (level II), and 120 (level III) minuts of travel time. The developed model was then applied to serve neonates from uncovered cities. Moreover, the alternative PCS were determined for level III services to present more reliable solutions.ResultsObtained results revealed that the total 130, 121, and 86 PCS are needed to respond to demands of level I, II, III, respectively, in 373 different cities. The service level III has not covered 39 cities; hence another model assigned nearest PCS to these cities so that the travel distances from which to allocated centers were determined 173 min on average. ConclusionsRegionalization is an approach to increase spatial accessibility to health services. Finding the optimal location to implement PCS would gradually decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity. It can also reduce expenses of under-used local health centers and give better health care regarding the access to experts. In this way, regional services should be considered as a sustainable health care solution at the policy and decision-making levels of the region, national and universal healthcare network.
Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City
Authors: Kutralam-Muniasamy Gurusamy , Pérez-Guevara Fermín , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Elizalde-Martínez I. , Shruti V.C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mexico City is the second most populated city in Latin America, and it went through two partial lockdowns between April 1 and May 31, 2020 for reducing the COVID-19 propagation. The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5) between the lockdown (April 1 - May 31) and pre-lockdown (January 1 – March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous five-years (2015-2019). Concentrations of NO2 (-29%), SO2 (-55%) and PM10 (-11%) declined and the contents of CO (+1.1%), PM2.5 (+19%) and O3 (+63%) increased during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. This study also estimated that NO2, SO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 reduced by 19-36%, and O3 enhanced by 14% compared to the average of 2015-2019. Reduction in traffic as well as less emission from vehicle exhausts led to remarkable decline in NO2, SO2 and PM10. The significant positive associations of PM2.5, CO and O3 with the numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, however, underscored the necessity to enforce air pollution regulations to protect human health in one of the important cities of the northern hemisphere.
Clinical characteristics, management and health-related quality of life in young adults with COVID-19&nbsp;
Authors: Temperoni Chiara , Barchiesi Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to Italy, including Pesaro-Urbino province. Data on young adults with COVID-19 are lacking. We report the characteristics, management and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with COVID-19 aging ≤50 years.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in all patients ≤50 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Emergency department (ED) of San Salvatore Hospital in Pesaro from February 28th to April 8th, 2020. Data were collected from electronical medical records. HRQoL was investigated after one month from hospital discharge. Outcomes were evaluated between hospitalized and not hospitalized patients.Results: Among 673 patients admitted to the ED and diagnosed with COVID-19, 104 (15%) were ≤50 years old: 74% were discharged at home within 48 h, 26% were hospitalized. Fever occurred in 90% of the cases followed by cough (56%) and dyspnoea (34%). Chest X-ray and/or CT scan revealed ground glass opacity, bilateral patch shadow or focal lesions in 27%, 37% and 10% of the patients, respectively. The most frequent coexisting conditions were hypertension (11%), thyroid dysfunction (8%) and neurological and/or mental disorders [NMDs] (6%). Mean BMI was 27. Hypokalaemia and NMDs were significantly more common in patients who underwent mechanical ventilation. Regardless of hospitalization, there was a significant impairment in both the physical and mental functioning.Conclusions Overweight and hypertension are frequent conditions in young adults with COVID-19. Hypokalaemia and NMDs are commonly associated with progressive disease. There is a significant impact on HRQoL in the early stage of post-discharge.
Macintosh laryngoscope, i-view™, and C-MAC® video laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box: A randomized, crossover, manikin study
Authors: Nakanishi Toshiyuki , Sento Yoshiki , Kamimura Yuji , Sobue Kazuya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The aerosol box was designed to prevent cough droplets from spreading, but it can impede tracheal intubation. We tested the hypothesis that the C-MAC® video laryngoscope (C-MAC) with an external display is more useful than the i-view™ video laryngoscope (i-view) with an integrated display, or a Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box.Methods: This prospective, randomized, crossover simulation study was conducted at an operating room of the two hospitals (a university hospital and a tertiary teaching hospital). We recruited 37 medical personnel (36 anesthesiologists and 1 dental anesthesiologist) who were working in the fields of anesthesia and intensive care with > 2 years of dedicated anesthesia experience from five hospitals. We divided the participants into six groups to use the laryngoscope in a determined order. After the training using each laryngoscope without a box, the participants performed tracheal intubation thrice with each laryngoscope with at least two-hour intervals. The primary outcome was the intubation time. The secondary outcomes were the success rate, Cormack-Lehane grade, and subjective difficulty scale score (numeric rating scale 0–10, 0: no difficulty, 10: highest difficulty). We used the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni adjustment. Data are shown as median [interquartile range].Results: Thirty-seven personnel (11 women and 26 men) with 12 [5–19] (median [interquartile range]) years of anesthesia and intensive care experience were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the intubation time: 30 [26–32] s for Macintosh, 29 [26–32] s for i-view, and 29 [25–31] s for C-MAC (P=0.247). The success rate was 95%–100% without significant difference (P=0.135). The i-view and C-MAC video laryngoscopes exhibited superior Cormack-Lehane grades and lower subjective difficulty scale scores than the Macintosh laryngoscope; however, there were no differences between the i-view and C-MAC video laryngoscopes.Conclusions: Rapid and highly successful tracheal intubation was possible with Macintosh laryngoscope, i-view, and C-MAC video laryngoscopes on a manikin with an aerosol box. Improved Cormack-Lehane grade and ease of procedure may support the use of video laryngoscopes.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, identifier UMIN000040269.
The role of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic on anxiety and stress among the Palestinian general population:&nbsp;A cross sectional study
Authors: Zabadi Hamzeh Al , Haj-Yahya Maryam , Yaseen Noor , Alhroub Thair 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImplication of quarantine as a global response to COVID-19 may have created a dramatic psychological and emotional effect on people, which are yet to be studied and thoroughly understood. We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and stress severity among the Palestinian population.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey throughout the social media on internet was conducted. An anonymous online questionnaire and snowball recruiting technique were used to target the general public in Palestine during the lockdowns of COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected between 6- 16 April 2020 which corresponded to almost the middle interval of the strict massive lockdown measures in Palestine started 22 March to 5 May 2020. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed for the outcome variables (stress and anxiety severity).ResultsAbout 2819 individuals completed the questionnaire. The mean (range) age was 29.47 (18-71) years. Anxiety prevalence was 25.15%, with 20.08% as mild/moderate anxiety. The prevalence of stress was 38.77% with 22.21% had mild/moderate stress. The prevalence of both anxiety and stress was 20.3% among participants. Males were less likely to have mild\moderate degree or sever\extremely sever degree of stress compared to females. Shortage of food supply, those having high-risk group family member, those who considered conversation with other people as source of information and those reporting higher fear of being infected were more likely to have higher degree of stress and/or anxiety compared to normal. Those with a monthly income of less than 2000 New Israeli Shekels (<555 USD) were significantly more likely to have mild/moderate stress compared to normal and higher monthly incomes. Gaza residency also shows significant negative predictor of stress severity compared to West Bank and Jerusalem. ConclusionsThis study reported high rates of anxiety and stress among the Palestinian general population during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. These findings highlight the importance of follow up of these findings for better management of the pandemic and a preferable handling of the socio-economical factors and their impacts on the psychological health of the population.
Biochemical Composition of Tea and its Changes under Different Factors
Authors: Platonova Nataliia , Belous Oksana 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The present research featured the antioxidant complex of Russian tea varieties. The research objective was to study the formation patterns of the components responsible for the quality characteristics of tea as a raw material and finished product. The paper describes the changes that the biochemical composition of tea undergoes during the growing season and during processing. The study focused on pigments, vitamins, caffeine, and amino acids.
Study objects and methods. The research featured the following varieties of tea grown in the Krasnodar region of Russia: “Kolkhida” (control) and “Sochi”; forms – No. 582, 3823, 855, and 2264. The research was performed on the foundation plantation of collection tea in the village of Uch-Dere (Lazarevsky district of Sochi, Krasnodar region, Russia) and in the laboratory of plant physiology and biochemistry. The study involved traditional and advanced research methods.
Results and discussion. The paper introduces some results of a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical composition of various tea sorts. Shoots No. 2264, 3823, and the “Sochi” variety demonstrated high values of ascorbic acid. Form No. 3823 and the “Sochi” variety proved to have a relatively stable content of ascorbic acid. All experimental plants had the highest caffeine synthesis in July (from 24.633 to 28.614 μg/100 g). Processing destroyed caffeine and reduced its amount. The experimental samples of raw materials had eleven amino acids, the largest number being synthesized in May. Processing triggered both general changes in their quantity and varietal differences in the metabolic reactions of amino acid conversion.
Conclusion. The tea flushes and finished products differed in all biologically active substances, which is associated with both varietal characteristics and the effect of weather conditions during vegetation.
Automatic Assessment of Cognitive Tests for Differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Proof of Concept Study of the Digit Span Task
Authors: Asgari Meysam , Gale Robert , Wild Katherine , Dodge Hiroko , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Current conventional cognitive assessments are limited in their efficiency and
sensitivity, often relying on a single score such as the total correct items. Typically, multiple features of
response go uncaptured.

Objectives:
We aim to explore a new set of automatically derived features from the Digit Span (DS)
task that address some of the drawbacks in the conventional scoring and are also useful for distinguishing
subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from those with intact cognition.

Methods:
Audio-recordings of the DS tests administered to 85 subjects (22 MCI and 63 healthy controls,
mean age 90.2 years) were transcribed using an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system.
Next, five correctness measures were generated from Levenshtein distance analysis of responses: number
correct, incorrect, deleted, inserted, and substituted words compared to the test item. These per-item
features were aggregated across all test items for both Forward Digit Span (FDS) and Backward Digit
Span (BDS) tasks using summary statistical functions, constructing a global feature vector representing
the detailed assessment of each subject’s response. A support vector machine classifier distinguished
MCI from cognitively intact participants.

Results:
Conventional DS scores did not differentiate MCI participants from controls. The automated
multi-feature DS-derived metric achieved 73% on AUC-ROC of the SVM classifier, independent of
additional clinical features (77% when combined with demographic features of subjects); well above
chance, 50%.

Conclusion:
Our analysis verifies the effectiveness of introduced measures, solely derived from the DS
task, in the context of differentiating subjects with MCI from those with intact cognition.
Trends in Mineral Metabolism Treatment Strategies in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in the United States
Authors: Hall Rasheeda , Platt Alyssa , Wilson Jonathan , Ephraim Patti L. , Hwang Angelina S. , Chen Angel , Weiner Daniel E. , Boulware L. Ebony , Pendergast Jane , Scialla Julia J. ,   on behalf of The Comparative Effectiveness Studies in Dialysis Patients Group
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives
With multiple medications indicated for mineral metabolism, dialysis providers can apply various strategies to achieve target phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. We describe common prescribing patterns and practice variation in mineral metabolism treatment strategies over the last decade.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a cohort of adults initiating hemodialysis at Dialysis Clinic, Inc. facilities, we assessed prescriptions of vitamin D sterols, phosphate binders, and cinacalcet longitudinally. To identify the influence of secular trends in clinical practice, we stratified the cohort by dialysis initiation year (2006–2008, 2009–2011, and 2012–2015). To measure practice variation, we estimated the median odds ratio for prescribing different mineral metabolism treatment strategies at 12 months post–dialysis initiation across facilities using mixed effects multinomial logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses evaluated strategies used after detection of first elevated PTH.

Results
Among 23,549 incident patients on hemodialysis, there was a decline in vitamin D sterol–based strategies and a corresponding increase in strategies without PTH-modifying agents (i.e., phosphate binders alone or no mineral metabolism medications) and cinacalcet-containing treatment strategies between 2006 and 2015. The proportion with active vitamin D sterol–based strategies at dialysis initiation decreased across cohorts: 15% (2006–2008) to 5% (2012–2015). The proportion with active vitamin D sterol–based strategies after 18 months of dialysis decreased across cohorts: 52% (2006–2008) to 34% (2012–2015). The odds of using individual strategies compared with reference (active vitamin D sterol with phosphate binder) varied from 1.5- to two-fold across facilities in 2006–2008 and 2009–2011 cohorts, and increased to two- to three-fold in the 2012–2015 cohort. Findings were similar in sensitivity analyses starting from first elevated PTH measurement.

Conclusions
Over time, mineral metabolism management involved less use of vitamin D sterol–based strategies, greater use of both more conservative and cinacalcet-containing strategies, and increased practice variation, suggesting growing equipoise.
Tesis para la Era Atómica
Authors: Anders Günther 
Published: October 2020

N. E. En febrero de 1959, en la Universidad Libre de Berlín (Freien Universität Berlin) , Günther Anders impartió un seminario de dos días sobre “Los Problemas Morales de la Era Atómica”. Al concluir el seminario, los estudiantes solicitaron a Anders que les dejara un “documento de discusión”. Anders les proporcionó sus “Tesis” expresando su deseo de que fueran usadas sólo para debatirse. En 1960, con el propósito de que sus “Tesis” fueran discutidas por un público más amplio, Anders publicó “Thesen zum Atomzeitalter”, en Berliner Hefte. Dos años más tarde (1962), su esposa Charlotte Lois Zelka tradujo el escrito al inglés y se publicaroncomo “Theses for the Atomic Age”, en The Massachusetts Review, vol. 3, núm. 3, primavera. En 1993, Anders publicó nuevamente este trabajo en su libro Die atomare Drohung.
Sistem Hitung dan Klasifikasi Objek dengan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Romario M Hamsy , Ihsanto Eko , Kadarina Trie Maya 
Published: October 2020

Sistem klasifikasi objek ini di rancang untuk melakukan klasifikasi dan perhitungan jumlah objek terdeteksi pada suatu gambar. menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network yang telah dilatih, Metode CNN merupakan salah satu metode deep learning yang mampu melakukan proses pembelajaran mandiri untuk pengenalan objek, ekstraksi objek dan klasifikasi serta dapat diterapkan pada citra resolusi tinggi yang memiliki model distribusi nonparametrik. Kemudian gambar yang telah diterima dijalankan menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman python pada laptop operasional menggunakan platform open source spyder3. Input system ini adalah citra 2 dimensi dengan skala minimal 400 x 400 pixel dan skala maksimal 1600 x 1600 pixel. Setelah program dijalankan maka outputnya adalah sebuah citra yang dengan keterangan jumlah wajah terdeteksi dan keterangan framing terhadap pola wajah pada gambar output. Penelitian menggunakan tiga kelompok gambar percobaan, gambar kelompok pertama berisikan gambar dengan objek manusia, kelompok gambar kedua berisikan objek manusia asli yang di campur dengan karikatur, kelopok gambar ketiga berisi gambar kartun berperawakan manusia. Pada percobaan kelompok pertama hasil deteksi mencapai 80%, Dan kelopok kedua di dapat hasil deteksi mencapai 75%. Dan pada percobaan gambar kelompok ketiga system tidak mendeteksi adanya pola wajah manusia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode CNN berpotensi untuk pendekatan pengenalan objek secara otomatis dalam membedakan jenis pola wajah manusia sebagai bahan pertimbangan interpreter dalam menentukan objek pada citra.Kata kunci: Convolutional neural network, Python, Spyder 3