bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of stemness and multipotency of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from different fat sources in comparison with lipoma
Authors: Arnhold Stefan , Elashry Mohamed I. , Klymiuk Michele C. , Geburek Florian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) offer a promising cell source for therapeutic applications in musculoskeletal disorders. The appropriate selection of ASCs from various fat depots for cell-based therapy is challenging. The present study aims to compare stemness and multipotency of ASCs derived from retroperitoneal (RP), subcutaneous (SC), and lipoma (LP) fat to assess their usefulness for clinical application.MethodsEquine ASCs from the three fat tissue sources were isolated and characterized. The cell viability, proliferation, and self-renewal were evaluated using MTT, sulforhodamine B, and colony forming unit (CFU) assays. Stem cell relative marker CD44, CD90, and CD105 and tumor marker CA9 and osteopontin (OPN) expression were quantified using RT-qPCR. Multipotency of ASCs for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation was examined by quantifying Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and expression of differentiation relative markers. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA.ResultsRP fat-derived ASCs showed a higher cell proliferation rate compared to SC and LP derived cells. In contrast, ASCs from lipoma displayed a lower proliferation rate and impaired CFU capacities. The expression of CD44, CD90, and CD105 was upregulated in RP and SC derived cells but not in LP cells. RP fat-derived cells displayed a higher adipogenic potential compared to SC and LP cells. Although ASCs from all fat sources showed enhanced ALP activity following osteogenic differentiation, SC fat-derived cells revealed upregulated ALP and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression together with a higher calcium deposition. We found an enhanced chondrogenic potency of RP and SC fat-derived cells as shown by Alcian blue staining and upregulation of aggrecan (Aggre), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein precursor (COMP), and collagen 2a1 (Col2a1) expression compared to LP. The expression of OPN and CA9 was exclusively upregulated in the ASCs of LP.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence of variation in ASC performance not only between normal fat depots but also compared to LP cells which suggest a different molecular regulation controlling the cell fate. These data provided are useful when considering a source for cell replacement therapy in equine veterinary medicine.
A visual approach for analysis and inference of molecular activity spaces
Authors: Kausar Samina , Falcao Andre O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Molecular space visualization can help to explore the diversity of large heterogeneous chemical data, which ultimately may increase the understanding of structure-activity relationships (SAR) in drug discovery projects. Visual SAR analysis can therefore be useful for library design, chemical classification for their biological evaluation and virtual screening for the selection of compounds for synthesis or in vitro testing. As such, computational approaches for molecular space visualization have become an important issue in cheminformatics research. The proposed approach uses molecular similarity as the sole input for computing a probabilistic surface of molecular activity (PSMA). This similarity matrix is transformed in 2D using different dimension reduction algorithms (Principal Coordinates Analysis ( PCooA), Kruskal multidimensional scaling, Sammon mapping and t-SNE). From this projection, a kernel density function is applied to compute the probability of activity for each coordinate in the new projected space.

Results
This methodology was tested over four different quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) binary classification data sets and the PSMAs were computed for each. The generated maps showed internal consistency with active molecules grouped together for all data sets and all dimensionality reduction algorithms. To validate the quality of the generated maps, the 2D coordinates of test molecules were computed into the new reference space using a data transformation matrix. In total sixteen PSMAs were built, and their performance was assessed using the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the Matthews Coefficient Correlation (MCC). For the best projections for each data set, AUC testing results ranged from 0.87 to 0.98 and the MCC scores ranged from 0.33 to 0.77, suggesting this methodology can validly capture the complexities of the molecular activity space. All four mapping functions provided generally good results yet the overall performance of PCooA and t-SNE was slightly better than Sammon mapping and Kruskal multidimensional scaling.

Conclusions
Our result showed that by using an appropriate combination of metric space representation and dimensionality reduction applied over metric spaces it is possible to produce a visual PSMA for which its consistency has been validated by using this map as a classification model. The produced maps can be used as prediction tools as it is simple to project any molecule into this new reference space as long as the similarities to the molecules used to compute the initial similarity matrix can be computed.
On the integer part of the reciprocal of the Riemann zeta function tail at certain rational numbers in the critical strip
Authors: Hwang WonTae , Song Kyunghwan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We prove that the integer part of the reciprocal of the tail of $\zeta (s)$
ζ
(
s
)
at a rational number $s=\frac{1}{p}$
s
=

1
p

for any integer with $p \geq 5$
p
≥
5
or $s=\frac{2}{p}$
s
=

2
p

for any odd integer with $p \geq 5$
p
≥
5
can be described essentially as the integer part of an explicit quantity corresponding to it. To deal with the case when $s=\frac{2}{p}$
s
=

2
p

, we use a result on the finiteness of integral points of certain curves over $\mathbb{Q}$
Q
.
Optical soliton solutions to the $(2+1)$-dimensional Chaffee–Infante equation and the dimensionless form of the Zakharov equation
Authors: Akbar M. Ali , Ali Norhashidah Hj. Mohd. , Hussain Jobayer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The $(2+1)$
(
2
+
1
)
-dimensional Chaffee–Infante equation and the dimensionless form of the Zakharov equation have widespread scopes of function in science and engineering fields, such as in nonlinear fiber optics, the waves of electromagnetic field, plasma physics, the signal processing through optical fibers, fluid dynamics, coastal engineering and remarkable to model of the ion-acoustic waves in plasma, the sound waves. In this article, the first integral method has been assigned to search closed form solitary wave solutions to the previously proposed nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). We have constructed abundant soliton solutions and discussed the physical significance of the obtained solutions of its definite values of the included parameters through depicting figures and interpreted the physical phenomena. It has been shown that the first integral method is powerful, convenient, straightforward and provides further general wave solutions to diverse NLEEs in mathematical physics.
A yeast phenomic model for the influence of Warburg metabolism on genetic buffering of doxorubicin
Authors: Santos Sean M. , Hartman John L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of the Warburg phenomenon on chemotherapy response is unknown.Saccharomyces cerevisiaemimics the Warburg effect, repressing respiration in the presence of adequate glucose. Yeast phenomic experiments were conducted to assess potential influences of Warburg metabolism on gene-drug interaction underlying the cellular response to doxorubicin. Homologous genes from yeast phenomic and cancer pharmacogenomics data were analyzed to infer evolutionary conservation of gene-drug interaction and predict therapeutic relevance.MethodsCell proliferation phenotypes (CPPs) of the yeast gene knockout/knockdown library were measured by quantitative high-throughput cell array phenotyping (Q-HTCP), treating with escalating doxorubicin concentrations under conditions of respiratory or glycolytic metabolism. Doxorubicin-gene interaction was quantified by departure of CPPs observed for the doxorubicin-treated mutant strain from that expected based on an interaction model. Recursive expectation-maximization clustering (REMc) and Gene Ontology (GO)-based analyses of interactions identified functional biological modules that differentially buffer or promote doxorubicin cytotoxicity with respect to Warburg metabolism. Yeast phenomic and cancer pharmacogenomics data were integrated to predict differential gene expression causally influencing doxorubicin anti-tumor efficacy.ResultsYeast compromised for genes functioning in chromatin organization, and several other cellular processes are more resistant to doxorubicin under glycolytic conditions. Thus, the Warburg transition appears to alleviate requirements for cellular functions that buffer doxorubicin cytotoxicity in a respiratory context. We analyzed human homologs of yeast genes exhibiting gene-doxorubicin interaction in cancer pharmacogenomics data to predict causality for differential gene expression associated with doxorubicin cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This analysis suggested conserved cellular responses to doxorubicin due to influences of homologous recombination, sphingolipid homeostasis, telomere tethering at nuclear periphery, actin cortical patch localization, and other gene functions.ConclusionsWarburg status alters the genetic network required for yeast to buffer doxorubicin toxicity. Integration of yeast phenomic and cancer pharmacogenomics data suggests evolutionary conservation of gene-drug interaction networks and provides a new experimental approach to model their influence on chemotherapy response. Thus, yeast phenomic models could aid the development of precision oncology algorithms to predict efficacious cytotoxic drugs for cancer, based on genetic and metabolic profiles of individual tumors.
Automatic detection of small PIT-tagged animals using wildlife crossings
Authors: Testud Guillaume , Vergnes Alan , Cordier Philippe , Labarraque Dorothée , Miaud Claude 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Mitigating the effect of linear transport infrastructure (LTI) on fauna is a crucial issue in road ecology. Wildlife crossing structures (tunnels or overpasses) are one solution that has been implemented to restore habitat connectivity and reduce wildlife mortality. Evaluating how these crossings function for small wildlife has often been recommended but, mainly due to technical limitations, is not often conducted in practice or only as short-term monitoring (less than 1 year). In this study, we developed and tested an automated device that records the detailed behaviour of animals when using wildlife tunnels. The method is based on marking and detecting individuals with RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and allows small animals to be tracked. Composed of four antennas (detectors) placed at roughly 2 m intervals, the system was tested in a tunnel in northern France in the summer of 2017. One species of amphibian (the toad Bufo spinosus, n = 13) and two carabids (the ground beetles Carabus coriaceus and Carabus nemoralis, respectively, n = 3 and n = 4), marked beforehand with PIT (passive integrated transponder) tags, were recorded when they crossed these detectors. This allowed individual trajectories, including crossing speed, to be estimated.

Results
We found that 12 of the 13 toads and 3 of the 7 ground beetles successfully crossed the entire wildlife passage of 7 m long. The detection rate of each detector varied from 8.33 to 100%, with a mean of 52.08%. All individuals were recorded by at least one detector. We observed high variability in the crossing characteristics of toads (mean transit duration = 41 min and 15 s ± 25 min) and ground beetles (6 h 11 min ± 3 h 30 min). The system provided information on precise trajectories (e.g., crossing speed, U-turns, distance travelled in the tunnel, proportion of individuals reaching the exit, etc.) for each individual, in a context of tunnel crossing.

Conclusion
The system allowed us to record small animal behaviour in the context of tunnel crossing in which other types of tracking (e.g. radio-tracking) or detection (e.g. camera traps) are not effective. It also opens the possibility for a range of experiments that would contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of small animals in tunnels, allowing a comparison of tunnel characteristics (such as size, building material, substrate, etc.) with the aim of increasing wildlife use of the tunnel and proposing guidelines for the construction and maintenance of these mitigation measures.
Chronic nigral neuromodulation aggravates behavioral deficits and synaptic changes in an α-synuclein based rat model for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Torre-Muruzabal Teresa , Devoght Jens , Van den Haute Chris , Brône Bert , Van der Perren Anke , Baekelandt Veerle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) is the pathological hallmark of several diseases named synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder. Alpha-SYN has been linked to synaptic function both in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the exact link between neuronal activity, α-SYN toxicity and disease progression in PD is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic neuromodulation in an α-SYN-based rat model for PD using chemogenetics. To do this, we expressed excitatory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) combined with mutant A53T α-SYN, using two different recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors (serotypes 2/7 and 2/8) in rat substantia nigra (SN) and investigated the effect on motor behavior, synapses and neuropathology. We found that chronic neuromodulation aggravates motor deficits induced by α-SYN, without altering dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In addition, neuronal activation led to changes in post-translational modification and subcellular localization of α-SYN, linking neuronal activity to the pathophysiological role of α-SYN in PD.
Compositional and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in various types of cropped and natural Chinese soils
Authors: Li Songyan , Li Meng , Wang Guoxi , Sun Xiaolei , Xi Beidou , Hu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundExploration of composition and chemical characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is significant to understand its biogeochemical role in terrestrial ecosystems. A total of 43 cropped and 16 natural soils (0–20 cm) under four soil types (cinnamon, chernozem, red and paddy soils) across China were collected to investigate the spectral characteristics of DOM using UV–Vis and 3D-EEM spectroscopy.ResultsThe chernozem soils exhibited the highest aromaticity and humification degree among the four soil types. Ranges of biological index (BIX, 0.53–1.17) and fluorescence index (FI, 1.55–2.10) were found in the investigated DOM, showing joint contribution from allochthonous and autochthonous sources. Higher BIX and FI in the DOM of the paddy and red soils indicated a greater reliance on autochthonous sources for these two soil types. The cropped soils showed no significant differences in chemical characteristics and sources from the natural soils for the cinnamon, chernozem and red soils. UVA (16.2–47.9%) and UVC fulvic-like substances (15.4–40.5%) were the prevailing DOM components, which were highest in the chernozem soils. Additionally, the cropped soils had a higher proportion of humic-like substances than the natural soils in the DOM.ConclusionsBoth soil type and land-use strongly affected the chemical characteristics of soil DOM, but only soil type had an impact on the DOM composition for the collected soils. These findings may contribute to the prediction of the biochemical behavior of soil DOM under different soil types and land-uses in terrestrial ecosystems.
Gravity gradient tensor analysis to an active fault: a case study at the Togi-gawa Nangan fault, Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Sawada Akihiro , Kobayashi Wataru , Ishida Satoshi , Hamada Masaaki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gravity gradient tensor analysis has been a powerful tool for investigating subsurface structures and recently its application to a two-dimensional fault structure has been developed. To elucidate the faulting type and spatial extent, specifically the continuity and the size, of the subsurface fault structure of an active fault through gravity gradient tensor analysis, we analyzed Bouguer anomalies, which were composed of dense gravity measurement data over the land and seafloor, and indices calculated from a gravity gradient tensor around the Togi-gawa Nangan fault (TNF), Noto Peninsula, central Japan. The features of Bouguer anomalies and their first horizontal and vertical derivatives demonstrate clearly that the TNF is a reverse fault dipping to the southeast. Furthermore, the combination of those derivatives and the dimensionality index revealed that the spatial extent of the subsurface fault structure is coincident with that of the surface fault trace and that it shows no evidence of connecting the TNF with surrounding active faults. Furthermore, the dip angle of the subsurface fault structure was estimated as 45°–60° from the minimum eigenvectors of the gravity gradient tensor. We confirmed that this result is coincident with the dip angle estimated using the two-dimensional Talwani’s method. This high dip angle as a reverse fault suggests that the TNF has experienced inversion tectonics.
Neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom: a review
Authors: Aono Darby , Yaffe Gideon , Kober Hedy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of neuroscience in the courtroom can be traced back to the early twentieth century. However, the use of neuroscientific evidence in criminal proceedings has increased significantly over the last two decades. This rapid increase has raised questions, among the media as well as the legal and scientific communities, regarding the effects that such evidence could have on legal decision makers. In this article, we first outline the history of neuroscientific evidence in courtrooms and then we provide a review of recent research investigating the effects of neuroscientific evidence on decision-making broadly, and on legal decisions specifically. In the latter case, we review studies that measure the effect of neuroscientific evidence (both imaging and nonimaging) on verdicts, sentencing recommendations, and beliefs of mock jurors and judges presented with a criminal case. Overall, the reviewed studies suggest mitigating effects of neuroscientific evidence on some legal decisions (e.g., the death penalty). Furthermore, factors such as mental disorder diagnoses and perceived dangerousness might moderate the mitigating effect of such evidence. Importantly, neuroscientific evidence that includes images of the brain does not appear to have an especially persuasive effect (compared with other neuroscientific evidence that does not include an image). Future directions for research are discussed, with a specific call for studies that vary defendant characteristics, the nature of the crime, and a juror’s perception of the defendant, in order to better understand the roles of moderating factors and cognitive mediators of persuasion.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Current Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Rand Scott E. , Basu Sumana , Khalid Shoaib 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is a severe complication of extremity fracture or other injury. Patients who develop this show marked hyperalgesia and allodynia, altered vasomotor, sudomotor and trophic changes. The condition affects women more than men and is most common in those between the ages of 50 and 70 years but can be seen in younger athletes. The diagnosis is made clinically, and treatment is directed at functional recovery using medications, occupational and physical therapy, and psychological interventions. Prognosis for complete recovery is variable and unpredictable.
Impact of different metal artifact reduction techniques on attenuation correction in 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations
Authors: Martin Ole , Aissa Joel , Boos Johannes , Wingendorf Katrin , Latz David , Buchbender Christian , Gaspers Susanne , Antke Christina , Sedlmair Martin , Antoch Gerald , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of different metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms on Hounsfield unit (HU) and standardized uptake values (SUV) in a phantom setting and verify these results in patients with metallic implants undergoing oncological PET/CT examinations.

Methods and materials:
In this prospective study, PET-CT examinations of 28 oncological patients (14 female, 14 male, mean age 69.5 ± 15.2y) with 38 different metal implants were included. CT datasets were reconstructed using standard weighted filtered back projection (WFBP) without MAR, MAR in image space (MARIS) and iterative MAR (iMAR, hip algorithm). The three datasets were used for PET attenuation correction. SUV and HU measurements were performed at the site of the most prominent bright and dark band artifacts. Differences between HU and SUV values across the different reconstructions were compared using paired t-tests. Bonferroni correction was used to prevent alpha-error accumulation (p &lt; 0.017).

Results:
For bright band artifacts, MARIS led to a non-significant mean decrease of 12.0% (345 ± 315 HU) in comparison with WFBP (391 ± 293 HU), whereas iMAR led to a significant decrease of 68.3% (125 ± 185 HU, p &lt; 0.017). For SUVmean, MARIS showed no significant effect in comparison with WFBP (WFBP: 0.99 ± 0.40, MARIS: 0.96 ± 0.39), while iMAR led to a significant decrease of 11.1% (0.88 ± 0.35, p &lt; 0.017). Similar results were observed for dark band artifacts.

Conclusion:
iMAR significantly reduces artifacts caused by metal implants in CT and thus leads to a significant change of SUV measurements in bright and dark band artifacts compared with WFBP and MARIS, thus probably improving PET quantification.

Advances in knowledge:
The present work indicates that MAR algorithms such as iMAR algorithm in integrated PET/CT scanners are useful to improve CT image quality as well as PET quantification in the evaluation of tracer uptake adjacent to large metal implants. A detailed analysis of oncological patients with various large metal implants using different MAR algorithms in PET/CT has not been conducted yet.