bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description and interpretation of fault-related sedimentation and controls on shelf-edge deltas: implication on sand transportation to the basin floor in parts of Eastern Niger Delta
Authors: Anomneze David O. , Okoro Anthony U. , Ajaegwu Norbert E. , Akpunonu Eliseus O. , Obiadi Izuchukwu I. , Ahaneku Chibuzo V. , Okeke George C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn integrated structural and stratigraphic analysis of a regional dataset from Eastern Niger Delta was undertaken with the objective of improving the present understanding of the structural development, seismic reflection geometries and implication on sand transportation and deposition within the shelf-edge and farther into the basin floor. Well log correlations were carried out using third-order sequence stratigraphy. Fault dynamics and evolution was interpreted with the aid of seismic transect sections, growth fault indexes and dip-extracted semblance slices. Lithofacies and paleobathymetric data were utilized to create gross depositional environment maps for the various sequences from inner-shelf to upper slope environment. The fault dynamics and evolution analysis of co-planar faults shows that older co-planar faults are associated with more accommodation space and depocentres than relatively younger faults. Conceptual subsurface models from this study shows that there is an increase in sand thickness in the proximal part of the sequence associated with precursor (older) faults, while towards the distal part, it reduces. There is also a relative decrease in sand thickness in the proximal part of the sequence associated with younger initiated faults, while towards the distal part, it increases in sand thickness. This study shows that at the shelf-edge, the thickest sand is of the lowstand system tract and the possibility of transporting sands into the basin is more associated with younger co-planar faults with small accommodation space at the shelf-edge, while the precursor older faults retain majority of sand deposits within its subsidence/depocentre axis.
Existence of two solutions for a fourth-order difference problem with p(k) exponent
Authors: Khaleghi Moghadam Mohsen , Khalili Yasser , Wieteska Renata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe existence of nontrivial solutions for a fourth-order discrete anisotropic boundary value problem involving the p(k)-Laplacian operator with the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary value conditions is investigated. Variational approach based on a new critical point theorem is applied. An example is inserted to illustrate main results.
A New Epi-neoverrucosane-type Diterpenoid from the Liverwort Pleurozia subinflata in Borneo
Authors: Kamada Takashi , Johanis Mary Lyn , Ng Shean-Yeaw , Phan Chin-Soon , Suleiman Monica , Vairappan Charles S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
New bioactive 13-epi-neoverrucosane diterpenoid, 5β-acetoxy-13-epi-neoverrucosanic acid (1) along with three known secondary metabolites, 13-epi-neoverrucosan-5β-ol (2), chelodane (3) and (E)-β-farnesene (4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of east Malaysia’s liverwort Pleurozia subinflata. The chemical structure of new compound was elucidated by the analyses of its spectroscopic data (FTIR, NMR and HR-ESI-MS). These epi-neoverrucosane-type compounds seem to be notable chemosystematic markers for P. subinflata in Borneo. Compound 3 was widespread in marine sponges however this is the first record for 3 to be found in liverwort. These metabolites were tested for their antifungal potentials against selected fungi from the marine environment. Compound 1 exhibited effective antifungal activity against Lagenidium thermophilum.

Graphic Abstract
Methodology and Assessment of Proxy-Based Vs30 Estimation in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Wu Wen , Liu Jifu , Guo Lanlan , Deng Zhifei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough time-averaged shear wave velocity to the depth of 30 m (Vs30) is an important indicator of earthquake site effects, it is difficult to obtain. Several proxies have been used either individually or in combination to infer Vs30 values during seismic hazard estimation under limited observational conditions. Sichuan Province is an area highly prone to earthquakes. Complex geological structures and lack of drilling sites mean that it is particularly important to establish a suitable approach for the estimation of Vs30 values for site classification. This study compared the application of three proxy-based approaches—geology-based, topographic slope-based, and terrain-based—to the estimation of Vs30 values in Sichuan Province. The results revealed that the residual between the measured logVs30 values and the estimations derived from the terrain-based approach was smallest, indicating best predictability. Stability analysis of the three approaches also showed that the terrain-based approach performed best. However, its performance in the plain area was poor, that is, the Vs30 values were mostly underestimated. This might indicate that the old strata, hard rock, and alluvial deposits formed by Quaternary glacier sediments were not identified appropriately in the plain area, highlighting the need for localized corrections.
Prospective Comparative Evaluation of Performance of Fetal Growth Charts in the Diagnosis of Suboptimal Fetal Growth During Third Trimester Ultrasound Examination in an Unselected South Indian Antenatal Population
Authors: Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Elayedatt Rinshi Abid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowth standards are key tools in assigning fetal smallness. Growth charts are central to this. The availability of growth charts with varying conceptual methodology and design makes their comparison imperative to ensure wise clinical decision making. This was a prospective, descriptive and correlational study performed at two fetal medicine centers, on 1019 unselected third trimester South Indian women with singleton pregnancies. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated from one dataset per woman using the Hadlock III formula. The EFW centiles were obtained from eight prenatal growth charts: Hadlock, FMF, Spanish, INTERGROWTH, WHO, NICHD, Mikolajczyk and GROW (fully customized), and categorized to ≤ 5th, 5.1 to ≤ 10th, 10.1–89.9th and ≥ 90 centiles. Comparison was done with similar categories of neonatal birthweight centiles obtained from Fenton, INTERGROWTH and GROW customized neonatal standards. At EFW cut-off of ≤ 10th centile, the sensitivity range of the fetal growth charts were between 9.5 and 60% and the false positive rates (FPR) between 1.9 and 18.38%. Similar figures for EFW ≤ 5th centile, were 9.5–64.2% and 1.0–12.8%, respectively. The INTERGROWTH chart had the highest positive predictive value of 54.6–63.6%. The FMF chart had the highest sensitivity and the highest FPR. The sensitivity, at a cut-off of ≤ 5th centile, of Mikolajczyk (9.5–12.6%), and the GROW (14.4–18.9%) prenatal charts were closest to the incidence of uteroplacental insufficiency (7.9%) in our study. Wide variations noted in the performance of prenatal and neonatal growth charts in detecting fetal-neonatal smallness indicates the need for critical selection of growth charts and possibly additional supportive information in clinical decision making.
The Systematic Application of Network Diagnostics to Monitor and Tackle Bullying and Victimization in Schools
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Huitsing Gijs , Bloemberg Rick , Veenstra René 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite increased attention to tackling bullying and the use of effective anti-bullying programs that can reduce victimization for many, some children remain victimized. Preventing persistent victimization requires that teachers identify victims and intervene at an early stage, but this is often difficult because teachers cannot always recognize victimization or the underlying social dynamics that determine what kind of interventions are necessary. This proposal discusses how network diagnostics of the social structure of the classroom can help teachers to recognize and reduce victimization more systematically. First, it discusses research that shows promising effects of the use of network diagnostics to reduce health problems. It describes how these diagnostics (for bullying and victimization, social position, and school well-being) can help in recognizing victimization and tailoring interventions to the most relevant students. Second, this proposal discusses a systematic stepwise approach for teachers to interpret the diagnostics and translate them into structural actions. Overall, this proposal aims to raise awareness of the potential of network information to facilitate the daily practice of reducing bullying and gives researchers directions for further empirical research on teachers’ role in tackling bullying and on the situations that may affect whether their approaches are effective. Moreover, it discusses potential barriers to teachers’ use of network diagnostics, such as a lack of time and resources at school.
A stationary impulse-radar system for autonomous deployment in cold and temperate environments
Authors: Mingo Laurent , Flowers Gwenn E. , Crawford Anna J. , Mueller Derek R. , Bigelow David G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStationary ice-penetrating radar (sIPR) systems can be used to monitor temporal changes in electromagnetically sensitive properties of glaciers and ice sheets. We describe a system intended for autonomous operation in remote glacial environments, and document its performance during deployments in cold and temperate settings. The design is patterned after an existing impulse radar system, with the addition of a fibre-optic link and timing module to control transmitter pulses, a micro-UPS (uninterruptable power supply) to prevent uncontrolled system shutdown and a customized satellite telemetry scheme. Various implementations of the sIPR were deployed on the Kaskawulsh Glacier near an ice-marginal lake in Yukon, Canada, for 44–77 days in summers 2014, 2015 and 2017. Pronounced perturbations to englacial radiostratigraphy were observed commensurate with lake filling and drainage, and are interpreted as changes in englacial water storage. Another sIPR was deployed in 2015–2016 on ice island PII-A-1-f, which originated from the Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland. This system operated autonomously for almost a year during which changes in thickness of the ice column were clearly detected.
Slowed Temporal and Parietal Cerebrovascular Response in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Holmes Kenneth R. , Tang-Wai David , Sam Kevin , McKetton Larissa , Poublanc Julien , Crawley Adrian P. , Sobczyk Olivia , Cohn Melanie , Duffin James , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Black Sandra E. , Fisher Joseph A. , Wasserman Bruce , Mikulis David J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Recent investigations now suggest that cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may underpin part of the disease’s neurovascular component. However, our understanding of the relationship between the magnitude of CVR, the speed of cerebrovascular response, and the progression of AD is still limited. This is especially true in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is recognized as an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate AD and MCI patients by mapping repeatable and accurate measures of cerebrovascular function, namely the magnitude and speed of cerebrovascular response (τ) to a vasoactive stimulus in key predilection sites for vascular dysfunction in AD.Methods:Thirty-three subjects (age range: 52–83 years, 20 males) were prospectively recruited. CVR and τ were assessed using blood oxygen level-dependent MRI during a standardized carbon dioxide stimulus. Temporal and parietal cortical regions of interest (ROIs) were generated from anatomical images using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite.Results:Of 33 subjects recruited, 3 individuals were excluded, leaving 30 subjects for analysis, consisting of 6 individuals with early AD, 11 individuals with MCI, and 13 older healthy controls (HCs). τ was found to be significantly higher in the AD group compared to the HC group in both the temporal (p = 0.03) and parietal cortex (p = 0.01) following a one-way ANCOVA correcting for age and microangiopathy scoring and a Bonferroni post-hoc correction.Conclusion:The study findings suggest that AD is associated with a slowing of the cerebrovascular response in the temporal and parietal cortices.
Student perceptions of sociocultural aspects of Korean and the Korean variety of English (KVE)
Authors: Lee Kang-Young , Green Randy 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of 80 Korean university students majoring in English about sociocultural elements embedded in the Korean language and KVE. A secondary objective is to enhance students’ awareness of the connection between culture and language and some of the unique sociocultural characteristics of these two languages. To this end, all participants took part in a 3-part classroom activity in which they examined pairs of KVE and Korean sentences, translated both KVE and Korean sentences, and took part in small focus group discussions. Specifically, the study has two research questions:
1)What sociocultural aspects of KVE and Korean did the participants identify?2)What reasons did participants identify for these sociocultural aspects?
Sola Scriptura's and the Chinese Union Version Bible's Impact upon Conservative Christian Leaders: The Case of Watchman Nee and Wang Mingdao
Authors: KWOK WAI LUEN 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe majority of Chinese Christians can be considered to be theologically conservative. One distinctive feature of conservative theology is Biblicism, according to which Scripture occupies a central role. The Reformation principle of sola scriptura legitimises this conservative stance and calls for a stern application of this principle. As Biblicists, they are discontented with the ‘unbiblical’ practices and ministries of missionaries. On the other hand, missionaries have put forward the Union Version translation project on the basis of the principle of sola scriptura. This article investigates how Watchman Nee (1903–72) and Wang Mingdao (1900–91) were discursively influenced by the missionaries’ Union Version Bible translation project through their different understandings of sola scriptura. For missionaries, sola scriptura required the translation of a faithful and popular Chinese Bible, and Mandarin was deemed an appropriate language for the task. While Nee and Wang did not appreciate the missionary enterprise, for sola scriptura they valued the Chinese Union Version as an outstanding and up-to-date translation of the Scripture. For Nee and Wang, sola scriptura was not only a translation principle, but also a principle underpinning religious life. Conservative Christians’ devotional practice emphasises the memorising of biblical texts and verbalising them throughout the day. This practice resulted in the Union Version, which is written in eloquent modern Chinese, becoming an integral part of Chinese Christian practice rather than a mere translation. Though Nee and Wang accused missionaries of having betrayed the Reformation principle, they were still under its influence thanks to the Chinese Union Version Bible. Also, their teaching on biblical reading had similarities with the medieval monastic practice of lectio divina. In this sense, the Chinese Union Version Bible reveals an interesting integration of Chinese conservative Christian faith, missionary enterprise, sola scriptura, and a monastic style of spiritual practice within the Chinese Church.
Modeling Hydrological Inflow Persistence Using Paleoclimate Reconstructions on the Québec‐Labrador (Canada) Peninsula
Authors: Nasri B. R. , Boucher É. , Perreault L. , Rémillard B. N. , Huard D. , Nicault A. ,   Members of the ARCHIVES‐PERSISTENCE projects
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnnual inflow forecasts are often based on historical time series, where every year is considered equally likely to reoccur. This process ignores the persistence of dry/wet conditions often observed in time series, behavior that is of utmost importance for hydroelectric energy producers. However, the modeling of persistence properties is challenging when only short time series are available for calibration. Here, we use Gaussian hidden Markov models to describe the regime‐switching behavior, where the next year's inflow depends on the current estimated regime. For four large hydropower reservoirs on the Québec‐Labrador Peninsula, a Gaussian hidden Markov model is calibrated on both a 30‐year observational record and a 190‐year paleoclimatic inflow reconstruction. Each reconstruction is a composite of three reconstruction methods drawing on five different tree‐ring proxies (ring widths, minimal wood density, maximal wood density,δ13C, andδ18O). The calibration on the reconstructed series finds two hydrological regimes, while the calibration on the observed data has only one regime for three out of four watersheds. Yearly hindcasts with the two calibrated Gaussian hidden Markov models suggest that for all four watersheds, extending the time series with reconstructions improves the model's predictive accuracy. This approach does not explicitly account for the differing accuracy of the observational and reconstructed time series or compare hidden Markov models to other models of persistence.
Quantifying the Spatial Variability of a Snowstorm Using Differential Airborne Lidar
Authors: Brandt W. Tyler , Bormann Kat J. , Cannon Forest , Deems Jeffrey S. , Painter Thomas H. , Steinhoff Daniel F. , Dozier Jeff 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalifornia depends on snow accumulation in the Sierra Nevada for its water supply. Snowfall is measured by a combination of snow pillows, snow courses, and rain gauges. However, the paucity of locations of these measurements, particularly at high elevations, can introduce artifacts into precipitation estimates that are detrimental for hydrologic forecasting. To reduce errors, we need high‐resolution, spatially complete measurements of precipitation. Remotely sensed snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE), with retrieval time scales that resolve storms, could help mitigate this problem in snow‐dominated watersheds. Since 2013, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) has measured snow depth in the Tuolumne basin of California's Sierra Nevada to advance streamflow forecasting through improved estimates of SWE. In early April 2015, two flights 6 days apart bracketed a single storm. The work herein documents a new use for ASO and presents a methodology to directly measure the spatial variability of frozen precipitation. In an end‐to‐end analysis, we also compare gauge‐interpolated and dynamically downscaled estimates of precipitation for the given storm with that of the ASO change in SWE. The work shows that the extension of ASO operations to additional storms could benefit our understanding of mountain hydrometeorology by delivering observations that can truly evaluate the spatial distribution of snowfall for both statistical and numerical models.
Formation Criteria for Hyporheic Anoxic Microzones: Assessing Interactions of Hydraulics, Nutrients, and Biofilms
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Sinchan , Zarnetske Jay P. , Phanikumar Mantha S. , Briggs Martin A. , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Singha Kamini 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent experimental studies have detected the presence of anoxic microzones in hyporheic sediments. These microzones are small‐scale anoxic pores, embedded within oxygen‐rich porous media and can act as anaerobic reaction sites producing reduction compounds such as nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Microbes are a key control on nutrient transformation in hyporheic sediment, but their associated biomass growth is also capable of altering hydraulic flux, leading to potential bioclogging. Here, we developed one of the first computational modeling approaches that combined hydraulics and microbial conditions to explore the continuous evolution of microzones in stream sediments. The model assessed stream and sediment conditions with different hydraulic flux (0.1–1.0 m/day Darcy flux), nutrient concentrations (O2 = 8 mg/L, OrgC = 20 mg/L, NO−3 = 1.5–3 mg/L, and NH3 = 0.5–1 mg/L), and biomass scenarios (with and without). The model domain is a pore network model with random sized pore‐throat radii creating heterogeneous and anisotropic flow that is representative of a natural streambed composed of medium sand with a hydraulic conductivity of 0.8 m/day. Results from 30 day simulations indicate that hyporheic microzone formation will occur and microzone distributions are not simply controlled by residence time alone, rather by the complex interactions of hydraulic flux, nutrient concentrations, and biomass, with bioclogging having strong feedbacks on both hydraulics and nutrients. Under all conditions with biomass growth, anoxic microzones were unstable, perishing a few days after formation, because bioclogging primarily occurs near the influent (downwelling) area of the hyporheic zone. In turn, this bioclogging shifts transport conditions from advection‐dominated to diffusion‐dominated transport, removing all oxic regions in the hyporheic zone. Overall, results from the modeling show that anoxic microzones are likely to form under many hyporheic zone conditions, and be dynamic through space and time as they are dependent on both hydraulic flux and nutrient transport.
Chronic exposure to cadmium induces a malignant transformation of benign prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Chandrasekaran Balaji , Dahiya Nisha R. , Tyagi Ashish , Kolluru Venkatesh , Saran Uttara , Baby Becca V. , States J. Christopher , Haddad Ahmed Q. , Ankem Murali K. , Damodaran Chendil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpidemiological evidence suggests that cadmium (Cd) is one of the causative factors of prostate cancer, but the effect of Cd on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether Cd exposure could malignantly transform BPH1 cells and, if so, to dissect the mechanism of action. We deciphered the molecular signaling responsible for BPH1 transformation via RNA-sequencing and determined that Cd induced the expression of zinc finger of the cerebellum 2 (ZIC2) in BPH1 cells. We noted Cd exposure increased ZIC2 expression in the Cd-transformed BPH1 cells that in turn promoted anchorage-independent spheroids and increased expression of stem cell drivers, indicating their role in stem cell renewal. Subsequent silencing of ZIC2 expression in transformed cells inhibited spheroid formation, stem cell marker expression, and tumor growth in nude mice. At the molecular level, ZIC2 interacts with the glioma-associated oncogene family (GLI) zinc finger 1 (GLI1), which activates prosurvival factors (nuclear factor NFκB, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), as well as an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)) signaling in Cd-exposed BPH1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of ZIC2 in BPH1 cells caused spheroid formation confirming the oncogenic function of ZIC2. ZIC2 activation and GLI1 signaling induction by Cd exposure in primary BPH cells confirmed the clinical significance of this oncogenic function. Finally, human BPH specimens had increased ZIC2 versus adjacent healthy tissues. Thus, we report direct evidence that Cd exposure induces malignant transformation of BPH via activation of ZIC2 and GLI1 signaling.