bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer in dusty fluid with suspended hybrid nanoparticles over a melting surface
Authors: Radhika M. , Punith Gowda R. J. , Naveenkumar R. , Siddabasappa  , Prasannakumara B. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe melting effect with the magnetic field performs a significant role in various manufacturing and industrial applications, such as welding, casting, magma‐solidification, nuclear engineering, and so forth. The present study focuses on the impact of the melting effect and magnetic field with inhomogeneous heat origination and sink. The formulation of the mathematical model is done by considering fluid with hybrid nanoparticles and dust particles in two different phases. We have considered Fe2SO4 and Cu as nanoparticles dispersed in the base fluid water along with suspended dust particles. The set of partial differential equations is reduced by using apt similarity variables and boundary conditions to obtain ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution is approximated using MATLAB‐bvp4c adopting the shooting technique. The impact of numerous pertinent physical parameters on the velocity and thermal profiles is plotted and deliberated. Furthermore, the rate of heat flow and friction factor is also tabulated and visualized through the graphs. Streamlines are also drawn to know the behavior of the fluid flow. The rise in values of ME quickly increases the velocity of the fluid motion but declines the thermal gradient and thickness of its related boundary layer. Also, inclining values of Pr enhance the thermal profile due to the impact of melting.
Blue carbon stocks, accumulation rates, and associated spatial variability in Brazilian mangroves
Authors: Hatje Vanessa , Masqué Pere , Patire Vinicus F. , Dórea Antonio , Barros Francisco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe assessed the influence of the intertidal and salinity gradients and mangrove forest structure on C stocks and sequestration rates in mangrove soils of an estuarine system in Todos os Santos Bay, Eastern Brazil. The accumulation rates of organic C (Corg) during the last century varied between and within estuarine zones, ranging from 65 to 1073 g Corg m−2 yr−1. The mean stocks of Corg and N for the top 1 m soils were 263 ± 14 Mg Corg ha−1 and 11.8 ± 0.4 Mg N ha−1, respectively. We found a less variable distribution pattern on Corg and N stocks throughout the salinity gradient than along the intertidal gradient, being significantly higher at the fringe mangroves than at the interior forest. We estimated that Brazil, one of the major reservoirs of mangroves (~ 10%) on the planet, has 207 ± 34 Tg Corg in the upper meter of soils, which represents 3–8% of the C stored in mangrove soils globally. Given that Brazil is a Blue Carbon hotspot, it is emphasized the urgent need for the establishment of better mangrove conservation practices and a comprehensive evaluation of their value in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for reducing CO2 emissions.
Micelle Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels with Resilience and Self‐Recovery Properties
Authors: Gulyuz Umit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicelle crosslinking method is one of the several techniques to fabricate hydrogels with good mechanical performance. Micelle crosslinked hydrogels reported so far are fabricated using a multistep preparation process due to the functionalization of block copolymers or surfactants with acrylate, aldehyde, azo, or reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer groups to create a polymer network. Herein, a simple one‐step approach is introduced to produce resilient hydrogels prepared by bulk polymerization of acrylic acid and esterification with Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) in the presence of catalyst sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The advantage of this study is that TX‐100 surfactants self‐assembling into micelles are directly bonded onto polymer chains through an ester bond without any further modification. The obtained hydrogels exhibit tensile strengths up to 135 ± 8 kPa and compressive strengths up to 16 ± 1 MPa over 94% strains as well as complete self‐recovery and high resilience abilities (≈86% at strains up to 400%) originating from hydrophobic associations in the core of micelles acting as dynamic cross‐linkers along with hydrogen bonds and entanglements between polymer chains acting as additional crosslink points. The overall results show that the hydrogels can be good candidate as elastic materials in many fields.
The effect of Mulligan's mobilization with movement following total knee arthroplasty: Protocol of a single‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alsiri Najla F. , Alhadhoud Meshal A. , Al‐Mukaimi Ali , Palmer Shea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) aims to enhance the kinematics of the joint. Kinematic impairment of the knee joint is significant following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which could be managed with Mulligan's MWM. This article describes the study protocol for a single‐blind randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of Mulligan's MWM following TKA.MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial design will be employed to compare two groups: an intervention and control group. Each group will attend a standard post‐operative rehabilitation program. The intervention group will additionally receive articular mobilization using a Mulligan's MWM approach. A blinded examiner will assess participants at four points: pre‐operation, 3 weeks post‐operation (when the intervention starts), 6 weeks post‐operation (when the intervention ends), and at 6 months as a long‐term follow‐up. The two groups will be compared on the basis of knee range of motion (standard goniometry), knee joint pain (Visual Analogue Scales), walking speed using (15‐metre walk test), functional mobility (timed up and go test) and participation (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire). A blinded examiner will measure knee joint alignment using a computed tomography scanogram pre‐operatively and at 3 months post operation. Mixed model ANOVA will be used to identify any group differences. Ethical approval has been secured from the ethical committee of Kuwait Ministry of Health, and the trial is registered in the ISRCTN registry (ref:13028992).DiscussionThe study findings could inform the optimization of post‐operative rehabilitation of patients following TKA.
Structural characterisation and screening of triterpene saponins in the bark of Ilex rotunda using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Ling Yun , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe bark of Ilex rotunda (BIr) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time in China. Triterpene saponins (TSs) were considered to be the major bioactive ingredients and possessed antiplatelet aggregation activity. Identification of TSs in BIr is a necessary step to understand the biological properties.ObjectiveThis article describes a method for the rapid identification of TSs in BIr.MethodAn analytical method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS) was established to characterise the TSs in BIr. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent poroshell 120 EC‐C18 column with gradient elution using water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase.ResultsA total of 26 TSs were identified or tentatively identified from BIr. Of them, 23 TSs were first reported from BIr.ConclusionThis was the first comprehensive investigation on TSs in BIr, and the results formed the foundation for the further development and utilisation of BIr in the future.
Development of dynamic fault tree model for reactor protection system
Authors: Fahmy Rania A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the importance of the reactor protection system (RPS) safety function in nuclear power plants (NPPs), its reliability analysis is one of the essential parts of the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of any NPP. The dynamic fault tree (DFT) technique extends the conventional static fault tree (SFT) by considering the time requirements to model and evaluate the NPP safety. This study develops the DFT model for RPS to achieve a more realistic and accurate representation of the RPS safety analysis taking into consideration the change in k‐out‐of‐n logic during operation due to test and maintenance (T&M) of any channel. Also, it shows the efficiency of the DFT model over the SFT model with respect to the accuracy, complexity, and calculation time which makes it a useful tool to assess the unavailability of RPS and design a proper maintenance program.
Evidence for altered host genetic factors in KSHV infection and KSHV‐related disease development
Authors: Blumenthal Melissa J. , Cornejo Castro Elena Maria , Whitby Denise , Katz Arieh A. , Schäfer Georgia 
Published: October 2020

SummaryKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS‐related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV‐associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and/or the subsequent development of KSHV‐associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population‐specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV‐driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV‐associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV‐associated diseases.
Gender pay gaps in domestic and foreign-owned firms
Authors: Magda Iga , Sałach Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate differences in gender wage gaps between foreign-owned and domestically owned firms in Poland, a country that has experienced large FDI inflows over the past three decades. We show that the adjusted gender wage gaps are larger among employees working in the foreign-owned sector than in the domestic sector. The gender pay gaps are found to be larger in the foreign-owned companies than in the domestically owned firms at every decile of the wage distribution, with the largest disparities being observed at the bottom and at the top. Our findings also show that in the foreign-owned sector, the returns to individual, job, and firm characteristics earned by women are much lower than the returns earned by men, but that the foreign-owned firms appear to pay higher firm-specific wage premia to women than to men, thereby narrowing within-firm gender wage inequality. These patterns differ from those observed in the domestic sector, in which firm wage premia tend to widen within-firm wage distributions, and contribute to the overall level of gender wage inequality.
Das Verfahren geht weit über „die App“ hinaus – Datenschutzfragen von Corona-Tracing-Apps
Authors: Bock Kirsten , Kühne Christian Ricardo , Mühlhoff Rainer , Ost Měto R. , Pohle Jörg , Rehak Rainer 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit der Ausbreitung des SARS-CoV-2-Virus in Europa Anfang 2020 wir dan technischen Lösungen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie gearbeitet. Unter den verschiedenen Systementwürfen stechen jene hervor, die damit werben, datenschutzfreundlich und DSGVO-konform zu sein. Die DSGVO selbst verpflichtet die Betreiberïnnen umfangreicher Datenverarbeitungssysteme wie etwa Tracing-Apps zur Anfertigung einer Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung (DSFA) aufgrund des hohen Risikos für die Rechte- und Freiheiten (Art. 35 DSGVO). Hierbei handelt es sich um eine strukturierte Risikoanalyse, die mögliche grundrechtsrelevante Folgen einer Datenverarbeitung im Vorfeld identifiziert und bewertet.Wir zeigen in unserer DSFA, dass auch die aktuelle, dezentrale Implementierung der Corona-Warn-App zahlreiche gravierende Schwachstellen und Risiken birgt. Auf der rechtlichen Seite haben wir die Legitimationsgrundlage einer freiwilligen Einwilligung untersucht und formulieren die begründete Forderung, dass der Einsatz einer Tracing-App gesetzlich geregelt werden muss. Weiterhin wurden Maßnahmen zur Verwirklichung von Betroffenenrechten nicht ausreichend betrachtet. Nicht zuletzt ist die Behauptung, ein Datum sei anonym, hoch voraussetzungsreich. Anonymisierung muss als ein kontinuierlicher Vorgang begriffen werden, der eine Abtrennung des Personenbezugs zum Ziel hat und auf dem Zusammenspiel von rechtlichen, organisatorischen und technischen Maßnahmen beruht. Der derzeit vorliegenden Corona-Warn-App fehlt es an einem solchen expliziten Trennungsvorgang. Unsere DSFA zeigt dabei auch die wesentlichen Defizite der offiziellen DSFA der Corona-Warn-App auf.
Advanced real-time recordings of neuronal activity with tailored patch pipettes, diamond multi-electrode arrays and electrochromic voltage-sensitive dyes
Authors: Kuhn Bernd , Picollo Federico , Carabelli Valentina , Rispoli Giorgio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo understand the working principles of the nervous system is key to figure out its electrical activity and how this activity spreads along the neuronal network. It is therefore crucial to develop advanced techniques aimed to record in real time the electrical activity, from compartments of single neurons to populations of neurons, to understand how higher functions emerge from coordinated activity. To record from single neurons, a technique will be presented to fabricate patch pipettes able to seal on any membrane with a single glass type and whose shanks can be widened as desired. This dramatically reduces access resistance during whole-cell recording allowing fast intracellular and, if required, extracellular perfusion. To simultaneously record from many neurons, biocompatible probes will be described employing multi-electrodes made with novel technologies, based on diamond substrates. These probes also allow to synchronously record exocytosis and neuronal excitability and to stimulate neurons. Finally, to achieve even higher spatial resolution, it will be shown how voltage imaging, employing fast voltage-sensitive dyes and two-photon microscopy, is able to sample voltage oscillations in the brain spatially resolved and voltage changes in dendrites of single neurons at millisecond and micrometre resolution in awake animals.
Stereotactic posterior midline approach under direct microscopic view for biopsy of medulla oblongata tumors: technical considerations
Authors: Schlaeppi Janine-Ai , Andereggen Lukas , Nowacki Andreas , Pollo Claudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Open and stereotactic transfrontal or transcerebellar approaches have been used to biopsy brainstem lesions.

Method
In this report, a stereotactic posterior and midline approach to the distal medulla oblongata under microscopic view is described. The potential advantages and limitations are discussed, especially bilateral damage of the X nerve nuclei.

Conclusion
This approach should be considered for biopsy of distal and posterior lesions. We strongly recommend the use of direct microscopic view to identify the medullary vessels, confirm the midline entry point, and avoid potential shift of the medulla. Further experience is needed to confirm safety and success rate of this approach.
Theta Surfaces
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Çelik Türkü Özlüm , Struwe Julia , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA theta surface in affine 3-space is the zero set of a Riemann theta function in genus 3. This includes surfaces arising from special plane quartics that are singular or reducible. Lie and Poincaré showed that any analytic surface that is the Minkowski sum of two space curves in two different ways is a theta surface. The four space curves that generate such a double translation structure are parametrized by abelian integrals, so they are usually not algebraic. This paper offers a new view on this classical topic through the lens of computation. We present practical tools for passing between quartic curves and their theta surfaces, and we develop the numerical algebraic geometry of degenerations of theta functions.
Influence of the main operating parameters on the DRPSA process design based on the equilibrium theory
Authors: Rossi Ester , Storti Giuseppe , Rota Renato 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmong the adsorption-based separation processes for gaseous mixtures, those exploiting pressure variations, so-called Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) processes, are the most popular. In this work, we focus on the specific PSA configuration known as Dual Reflux-Pressure Swing Adsorption (DR-PSA) given its ability to achieve sharp separations. In the case of binary mixtures, an analytical approach based on Equilibrium Theory has been proposed to identify the operating conditions for complete separation under the assumption of linear isotherms. This same approach is not available when the separation is not complete. Accordingly, in this work we study the features of non-complete separations by solving numerically a general DR-PSA model with parameter values suitable to approach equilibrium conditions (no mass transport resistances, no axial mixing, isothermal conditions and no pressure drop), thus reproducing the analytical solution when complete separations are examined. Even for non-complete separations, triangularly shaped regions at constant purity can be identified on a plane whose axes correspond to suitable design parameters. Moreover, we found a general indication on how to select the lateral feed injection position to limit the loss in product purities when complete separation is not established, whatever is the composition of the feeding mixture. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with respect to pressure ratio, light reflux ratio and heavy product flowrate is proposed in order to assess how to recover product purities according to the specific degrees of freedom of a DR-PSA apparatus.
Advancing quality culture in health professions education: experiences and perspectives of educational leaders
Authors: Bendermacher G. W. G. , Dolmans D. H. J. M. , de Grave W. S. , Wolfhagen I. H. A. P. , oude Egbrink M. G. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of quality culture has gained increased attention in health professions education, drawing on insights that quality management processes and positive work-related attitudes of staff in synergy lead to continuous improvement. However, the directions that guide institutions from quality culture theory to educational practice have been missing so far. A prospective qualitative case study of three health professions education programmes was conducted to explore how a quality culture can be enhanced according to the experiences and perspectives of educational leaders. The data collection was structured by an appreciative inquiry approach, supported with vignette-based interviews. A total of 25 participants (a selection of course coordinators, bachelor coordinators and directors of education) reflected on quality culture themes to learn about the best of what is (Discover), envision positive future developments (Dream), identify actions to reach the desired future (Design), and determine how to support and sustain improvement actions (Destiny) within their own educational setting. The results are presented as themes subsumed under these four phases. The experiences and perspectives of educational leaders reveal that peer learning in teams and communities, attention to professional development, and embedding support- and innovation networks, are at the heart of quality culture enhancement. An emphasis on human resources, (inter)relations and contextual awareness of leaders stood out as quality culture catalysts. Educational leaders are therefore encouraged to especially fuel their networking, communication, coalition building, and reflection competencies.
Gluing of n-Cluster Tilting Subcategories for Representation-directed Algebras
Authors: Vaso Laertis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven$n\leq d<\infty $n≤d<∞, we investigate the existence of algebras of global dimensiondwhich admit ann-cluster tilting subcategory. We construct many such examples using representation-directed algebras. First, given two representation-directed algebrasAandB, a projectiveA-modulePand an injectiveB-moduleIsatisfying certain conditions, we show how we can construct a new representation-directed algebra "Image missing"in such a way that the representation theory of Λ is completely described by the representation theories ofAandB. Next we introducen-fractured subcategories which generalizen-cluster tilting subcategories for representation-directed algebras. We then show how one can construct ann-cluster tilting subcategory for Λ by usingn-fractured subcategories ofAandB. As an application of our construction, we show that ifnis odd andd≥nthen there exists an algebra admitting ann-cluster tilting subcategory and having global dimensiond. We show the same result ifnis even anddis odd ord≥ 2n.
Sustainability, cooperation and mobility of workers within and between European countries: a two-stage goal programming model
Authors: Liuzzi Danilo , Lupi Veronica , Vié Aymeric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFacing multiple and often considered as conflicting stakes, either economical, migratory, or environmental, policy-making may struggle to identify and implement relevant policy action allowing for balanced and joint completion of such challenges. Addressing this important public issue, we develop a multi-criteria two-stage Goal Programming (GP) model to identify optimal policy paths towards the Europe 2020 strategy on economic growth, employment levels and environmental sustainability. The model is calibrated on current contributions of economic sectors in all European countries to each policy objective: contribution to economic output (GDP), emissions of Green House Gas, electric consumption and number of jobs. First, we study the optimal allocation of workers within economic sectors of each European country to maximize the joint achievement of Europe 2020 multi criteria sustainability targets. We then extend the model to allow cooperation between states, namely allowing internal migrations of workers between countries. We highlight how supranational allocation schemes of surplus workers improve the satisfaction of national sustainability objectives. Finally, we consider extra-European migrants regional integration and study the consequences of such opening over EU2020 targets satisfaction and per capita GDP. Simulation results highlight countries performance comparison, and sheds light on significant benefits from such cooperation for the majority of countries. Improved integration of internal and external workforce generally improves the achievement of EU2020 objectives, while keeping per capita GDP at least constant. Moreover, we expose the relevance of cooperative work-flows allocation strategies across Europe and emphasize the importance of workers mobility in order to ensure more sustainable common development.