bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-44: Past infection and risk of adolescent/young adult HL
Authors: Saleh Maryam , Hwang Amie , Simon Julia , Mack Thomas M. , Waterboer Tim , Cozen Wendy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescent/young adult (AYA) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) risk is increasingly linked to a deficit of microbial exposure in early life, especially from fecal-oral transmission.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined past exposure to 15 infections in serum samples from 291 AYA HL cases and 194 of their unaffected family members. We measured antibodies to HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, HHV7, HCMV, HHV6, KSHV, S. gallolyticus, F. nucleatum, T. gondii, H. pylori, Rubella virus, and Parvovirus B19 using a multiplex serology bead array (Luminex). A positive history was determined by a titer threshold specific for each infection. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of AYA HL risk for each infection separately adjusted for sex and age at sampling. We then applied the same logistic regression model, adding an adjustment for family.
Results: Evidence of past HHV6 infection was associated with an increased risk of AYA HL (OR= 1.80; 95% CI= 1.06-3.07). Having antibodies to H. pylori was associated with a decreased risk (OR= 0.49; 95% CI= 0.25-0.98). An increasing number of fecal-oral infections (H. pylori, T. gondii) was associated with a decreasing risk of AYA HL (ptrend&lt;0.001), while an increasing number of respiratory-transmitted infections (Rubella virus, Parvovirus) was not significantly associated (ptrend=0.062). After adjusting for family, infection with Parvovirus was the only significant risk factor for AYA HL (OR=3.8,1.06-13.6).
Conclusions: We show preliminary evidence for an inverse association between fecal-oral transmitted agents and risk of AYA HL, supporting the hypothesis that a deficit of early life fecal-oral transmitted microbes may be associated with increased risk. HHV6 and Parvovirus were associated with an increased risk, possibly due to a subclinical immune deficiency or an unknown mechanism. In the final presentation, we will add data from 40 additional unaffected family members currently missing age, and results by histology and EBV status.
Citation Format: Maryam Saleh, Amie Hwang, Julia Simon, Thomas M. Mack, Tim Waterboer, Wendy Cozen. Past infection and risk of adolescent/young adult HL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-44.
Xanthine Oxidase Drives Hemolysis and Vascular Malfunction in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Schmidt Heidi M. , Wood Katherine C. , Lewis Sara E. , Hahn Scott A. , Williams Xena M. , McMahon Brenda , Baust Jeffrey J. , Yuan Shuai , Bachman Timothy N. , Wang Yekai , Oh Joo-Yeun , Ghosh Samit , Ofori-Acquah Solomon F. , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Patel Rakesh P. , Du Jianhai , Vitturi Dario A. , Kelley Eric E. , Straub Adam C. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Chronic hemolysis is a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a driver of vasculopathy; however, the mechanisms contributing to hemolysis remain incompletely understood. Although XO (xanthine oxidase) activity has been shown to be elevated in SCD, its role remains unknown. XO binds endothelium and generates oxidants as a byproduct of hypoxanthine and xanthine catabolism. We hypothesized that XO inhibition decreases oxidant production leading to less hemolysis.

Approach and Results:
Wild-type mice were bone marrow transplanted with control (AA) or sickle (SS) Townes bone marrow. After 12 weeks, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg per day of febuxostat (Uloric), Food and Drug Administration–approved XO inhibitor, for 10 weeks. Hematologic analysis demonstrated increased hematocrit, cellular hemoglobin, and red blood cells, with no change in reticulocyte percentage. Significant decreases in cell-free hemoglobin and increases in haptoglobin suggest XO inhibition decreased hemolysis. Myographic studies demonstrated improved pulmonary vascular dilation and blunted constriction, indicating improved pulmonary vasoreactivity, whereas pulmonary pressure and cardiac function were unaffected. The role of hepatic XO in SCD was evaluated by bone marrow transplanting hepatocyte-specific XO knockout mice with SS Townes bone marrow. However, hepatocyte-specific XO knockout, which results in >50% diminution in circulating XO, did not affect hemolysis levels or vascular function, suggesting hepatocyte-derived elevation of circulating XO is not the driver of hemolysis in SCD.

Conclusions:
Ten weeks of febuxostat treatment significantly decreased hemolysis and improved pulmonary vasoreactivity in a mouse model of SCD. Although hepatic XO accounts for >50% of circulating XO, it is not the source of XO driving hemolysis in SCD.
Lipid Receptor GPR31 (G-Protein–Coupled Receptor 31) Regulates Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Without Affecting Hemostasis
Authors: Van Doren Layla , Nguyen Nga , Garzia Christopher , Fletcher Elizabeth K. , Stevenson Ryan , Jaramillo David , Kuliopulos Athan , Covic Lidija 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
12-LOX (12-lipoxygenase) produces a number of bioactive lipids including 12(S)-HETE that are involved in inflammation and platelet reactivity. The GPR31 (G-protein–coupled receptor 31) is the proposed receptor of 12(S)-HETE; however, it is not known whether the 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signaling axis serves to enhance or inhibit platelet activity.

Approach and Results:

Using pepducin technology and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence that 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signals through Gi to enhance PAR (protease-activated receptor)-4–mediated platelet activation and arterial thrombosis using both human platelets and mouse carotid artery injury models. 12(S)-HETE suppressed AC (adenylyl cyclase) activity through GPR31 and resulted in Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) and p38 activation and low but detectable calcium flux but did not induce platelet aggregation. A GPR31 third intracellular (i3) loop–derived pepducin, GPR310 (G-protein–coupled receptor 310), significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to thrombin, collagen, and PAR4 agonist, AYPGKF, in human and mouse platelets but relative sparing of PAR1 agonist SFLLRN in human platelets. GPR310 treatment gave a highly significant 80% protection (
P
=0.0018) against ferric chloride–induced carotid artery injury in mice by extending occlusion time, without any effect on tail bleeding. PAR4-mediated dense granule secretion and calcium flux were both attenuated by GPR310. Consistent with these results, GPR310 inhibited 12(S)-HETE–mediated and PAR4-mediated Rap1-GTP and RASA3 translocation to the plasma membrane and attenuated PAR4-Akt and ERK activation. GPR310 caused a right shift in thrombin-mediated human platelet aggregation, comparable to the effects of inhibition of the Gi-coupled P2Y
12
receptor. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that GPR31 and PAR4 form a heterodimeric complex in recombinant systems.

Conclusions:
The 12-LOX product 12(S)-HETE stimulates GPR31-Gi–signaling pathways, which enhance thrombin-PAR4 platelet activation and arterial thrombosis in human platelets and mouse models. Suppression of this bioactive lipid pathway, as exemplified by a GPR31 pepducin antagonist, may provide beneficial protective effects against platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis with minimal effect on hemostasis.
Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality—Brief Report
Authors: Rosell Axel , Havervall Sebastian , von Meijenfeldt Fien , Hisada Yohei , Aguilera Katherina , Grover Steven P. , Lisman Ton , Mackman Nigel , Thålin Charlotte 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high rate of thrombosis. We hypothesized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to induction of TF (tissue factor) expression and increased levels of circulating TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EV) that may drive thrombosis.

Approach and Results:
We measured levels of plasma EV TF activity in 100 patients with COVID-19 with moderate and severe disease and 28 healthy controls. Levels of EV TF activity were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with controls. In addition, levels of EV TF activity were associated with disease severity and mortality. Finally, levels of EV TF activity correlated with several plasma markers, including D-dimer, which has been shown to be associated with thrombosis in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection induces the release of TF-positive EVs into the circulation that are likely to contribute to thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. EV TF activity was also associated with severity and mortality.
Appropriation: A New Approach to Religious Transformation in Late Antiquity
Authors: Dijkstra Jitse H. F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, I propose the concept of “appropriation,” widely used in cross-cultural contexts, as a new approach to the process of religious transformation in Late Antiquity. This approach has the advantage that it encompasses the entire spectrum of individual responses to the impact of Christianity that characterizes the period. It is thus a particularly dynamic concept, as it accurately takes into account the interactive nature of the process and views it “from the bottom-up,” highlighting human agency. The variety of responses is illustrated by three case studies from Egypt — literature, monumental architecture (temples and churches), and magic — which can be regarded as exemplary for studying similar aspects of the religious transformation process in other areas of the (Eastern) Roman Empire. In each of these cases, the topic has until quite recently been viewed in terms of a “pagan” vs. Christianity framework, which has now been replaced by a more complex picture that exposes to the fullest extent the different forms of appropriation.
Procedural Developments at the International Criminal Court (2019)
Authors: Le Floch Guillaume , Lemey Marie , Paiola Lucie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current column covers selected procedural developments at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2019. During the reporting period, the Court faced serious challenges and controversies. To some extent, its credibility as a judicial institution has been undermined by certain decisions. Nevertheless, as in recent years, the ICC has delivered numerous decisions, taking such opportunities to clarify specific aspects of proceedings before the Court.
Rescuing Humanitarian Intervention from Liberal Hegemony
Authors: Peak Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents a normative account of legitimate humanitarian intervention. Presenting a pragmatic and ideologically neutral standard for intervention, it repositions humanitarian intervention within the context of its two most closely related practices: Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and liberal intervention. While distinct from R2P, humanitarian intervention is not in conflict with this political commitment. A consistent application of humanitarian intervention would indeed strengthen R2P. On the other hand, this normative account also distinguishes the principle of legitimate humanitarian intervention from the problematic conflation with liberal intervention. Liberal intervention reflects the more expansive project of international social engineering and ‘liberal hegemony’ pursued by the United States and its principle allies since the end of the Cold War. By clarifying the distinction between humanitarian intervention and liberal intervention, this revised standard overcomes several obstacles emerging from their conceptual confusion. It crafts a normatively acceptable standard for intervention which can garner broad international support.
Les monts Nouba : une région riche de ses langues
Authors: Quint Nicolas , Manfredi Stefano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since Quint (2006), no general account of the languages spoken in the Nuba Mountains has ever been published in French. This paper aims at filling that gap. In section 1, we introduce the various languages spoken today in the Nuba Mountains, emphasizing the importance of native tongues but also mentioning the other languages in use in that region, in particular several local varieties of Arabic. In section two, we show that, in spite of their many typological and phylogenetic differences, most of Nuba Mountain languages do share a significant amount of commonalities, allowing to conceive of the region as an area of linguistic convergence. We conclude on the challenges and prospects that future research on the Nuba Mountain languages is expected to meet on the brink of the second quarter of the 21st century.
Tmesis in Ebang (Heiban, Kordofanian)
Authors: Schadeberg Thilo C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes an intricate pattern of subject placement in Ebang, a Kordofanian language spoken in the Nuba Mountains (Sudan). In this construction, a lexical subject appears within a complex verb form. The lexical subject may consist of a bare noun or a whole noun phrase. The insertion point is immediately before the verb stem but after all inflectional morphology. The initial part of the discontinuous verb form is shown to be not a word but a bound form, suggesting that the notions of morphological word and syntactic atom need not coincide.
Verbal Number and Grammatical Relations in Tagle
Authors: Jakobi Angelika , Ibrahim Ali , Gulfan Gumma Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Tagle, verbal number, as realized by singular and plural stems, has not only aspectual functions in expressing single and multiple events. Verbal number also serves as a morphosyntactic device encoding specific grammatical relations : The selection of a singular or plural stem is sensitive to the number of the intransitive subject (S) and the transitive object (P) participant. In derived ditransitive applicative constructions, the stem selection depends on the semantic roles of the two object participants. When they are assigned the roles of Beneficiary (B) and Theme (T), it is the number of the direct object T (rather than the indirect/applied object B) which selects a singular or plural stem. When assigned the roles of Experiencer (Exp) and T, however, the Exp (rather than T) interacts with verbal number.
When comparing the two ditransitive objects of the Beneficiary construction, B and T, to the object P and when taking their interaction with verbal number as parameter of the comparison, one finds that T and P (rather than B) interact with verbal number. The alignment of T with P and the non-alignment of B can be identified as indirect object construction, T = P ≠ B.
However, when the Exp role is assigned to the indirect/applied object and the T role to the direct object, Exp (rather than T) selects the singular or plural stem, i.e. Exp behaves like P. This alignment pattern, Exp = P ≠ T, is known as secondary-object construction.
Towards a unified analysis of Katcha nominal modifiers
Authors: Turner Darryl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a description and analysis of the syntax of nominal modifiers in Katcha. The three main types of nominal modifiers in Katcha, demonstratives, possessive noun phrases and relative clauses, all agree with their head noun in gender, are morphologically marked when their head noun is a peripheral argument of the verb, and can occur in ‘headless’ constructions where there is no overt head noun. In the latter case they have a pronominal interpretation.
The paper argues that a unified account of all nominal modifiers can be provided by adopting two premises: firstly, the possessive and relative markers are allomorphs of the proximal demonstrative; secondly, demonstratives in Katcha are pronouns rather than determiners. All nominal modifiers can then be characterized as appositional phrases headed by demonstrative pronouns. This characterization allows the inclusion of the medial and distal pronouns into the system, explaining why they have a different form to all other nominal modifiers, but identical distribution.
The final section adds cross-linguistic perspective by discussing the relationship between this analysis of Katcha and the notion of construct state, most familiar in Semitic, but which has been argued to be a concept appropriate to a number of African languages.
Flight, Climate Change, and Dangerous Times for Art and Pedagogy
Authors: Denton Andrew , Gibbons Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In his last book Chaosmosis, Felix Guattari (1995, p. 129) argues that both “intellectuals and artists have got nothing to teach anyone,” and that they produce “toolkits composed of concepts, percepts and affects, which diverse publics will use at their convenience.” In this video presentation and accompanying article, the authors explore Guattari’s claim as a provocation for visual pedagogy and play with the idea that an artist might have nothing to teach anyone in relation to the idea of visual pedagogies. And, then, what happens when an artist and a teacher talk about visual pedagogies? To open up a dialogue, they employ the cliché, ‘I don’t know much about art but I know what I like’. This statement invites thoughts on the tensions between truth-telling, disciplinarity, and affect. Here the authors take the cliché a step further within the context of visual pedagogies and meaning making. They position this dialogue with the cinematic art work, Flight (2018), which aims to give the viewer a different sensation of the world, to render the familiar unfamiliar, and to let things be (Roder & Sturm, 2017), in order to think differently.
Using the RE-AIM framework to identify and describe nutritional feeding styles and intervention model best practices for primary caregivers in Africa: A narrative review
Authors: Brown Melissa , Roman Nicolette V 
Published: December 2020

Background: Current research shows that across the world people are eating poorly. This is leading to increased incidences of nutrition-related health problems. Aim: This paper aims to provide a synthesis of research on the nutritional feeding programs and nutritional models used by primary caregivers in Africa, in order to identify best practice models, programs, and processes from the field of nutritional and feeding intervention development. Methods: The research used a narrative review methodology. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to disseminate results to allow for cross-comparison of core components inherent in health promotion interventions. We chose the RE-AIM framework as it facilitates the development, delivery, and evaluation of health interventions. Results: After screening a total of 8220 articles, four studies were deemed relevant for the purposes of this review. The selected studies were the only ones that discussed nutrition interventions or programs with a very clear aim and purpose, even though they did not include any information on implementation, review or evaluation of these interventions/program. No studies focusing on the African context were deemed relevant as none of them focused on best practice models for nutrition education interventions or programs. Conclusions: Of a review of over 8220 articles, four studies were found that discuss nutritional feeding programs and nutritional models used by primary caregivers. Of these four, only one focused on enablers, barriers, and resources, all of which are essential for engaging in health behavior change. And only one focused on sustainability of the interventions.
Hospitalization for Primary Care-Sensitive Conditions in Adults and Its Impact on Hospital Care in São Paulo City, Brazil
Authors: Targueta Ricardo da Silva , Silva Caio Vinicius Da Fonseca , Armond Jane de Eston , França Carolina Nunes , Oliveira Gustavo Bernardes de Figueiredo , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Mendes Filipe de Figueiredo , Neves Lucas Melo , Maximiano Adriana , Avezum Alvaro 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Identifying conditions among all cause hospitalizations that could be prevented at the primary care level would allow the development of strategies to reduce the range of diseases treated in hospital and promote a more efficient utilization of resources. Objective We sought to evaluate hospitalizations for clinical conditions that are sensitive to primary care in adults. Methods Cross-sectional study with data captured in hospital electronic health records using the diagnosis related groups classification system. Results Primary care-sensitive conditions were associated with longer duration of hospitalization, older age, higher prevalence of female patients, higher complexity at admission and during hospitalization, and a higher risk of mortality as compared with other conditions not sensitive to primary care. Conclusion A significant proportion of hospitalizations are due to causes sensitive to primary care. Hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions are associated with longer hospital stay, greater complexity and severity, and a higher risk of mortality.
Polypharmacy and comorbidities during pregnancy in a cohort of women with migraine
Authors: Wood Mollie E , Burch Rebecca C , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia 
Published: December 2020

Objective To describe longitudinal patterns of medication use throughout pregnancy in women with migraine. Methods We used the IBM MarketScan healthcare claims database in the US to create a cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 2011–2015 resulting in live or stillbirth. Migraine headache was identified based on ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes or procedure codes recorded in clinical encounters. Outcomes were patterns of prescriptions filled for medications that may be used to prevent migraine (antiepileptics, antihypertensives, antidepressants) or treat acute episodes (opioids, triptans, acetaminophen) and of other comorbid conditions (hypertension, psychiatric diagnoses, epilepsy). We used group-based multi-trajectory models to cluster women into similar longitudinal patterns of prescription fills. Results Of 859,501 pregnancies, 8168 had migraine. Within migraineurs, before pregnancy, the most commonly filled prescription was for a triptan (43.2%), followed by opioids (26.7%), acetaminophen (26.2%), antidepressants (24.9%), antiepileptics (18.6%) and antihypertensives (12.3%). Antiepileptics, antidepressants, and triptans were frequently discontinued early in pregnancy with few new users, while antihypertensives were discontinued by some users, but continued or initiated by a minority of users late in pregnancy. Opioids and acetaminophen were used intermittently throughout pregnancy. Comorbidities included hypertension (10.8%), epilepsy (4.7%), depression (14.0%), and anxiety (15.6%). Polypharmacy involving both preventive and acute medications was most common before pregnancy (31.4%) and declined in first trimester (14.7%). In all, 25.9% of women filled prescriptions for two or more acute medications before pregnancy. Conclusions Medication use patterns during pregnancy for women with migraine are complex. Patterns of polypharmacy and comorbidity during pregnancy highlight an under-studied area relevant for maternal and child health outcomes.