bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation Design and Scenario for Flood Mitigation on Arui Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Mahmud Mahmud , Kusumandari Ambar , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Supriyatno Nunuk 
Published: January 2020

Flooding has been natural disaster in Indonesia and elsewhere. This research is designed to create scenarios and designs conservation to mitigate flooding disaster. Data potential ,vulnerability, and duplicated river covering 0.25% of the targeted flooding area were collected and analysed. Five disain of conservation, natural river as control, river normalization, normalization with gabion stone, river straigtening, and straigtening with gabion stone, are proposed, and main targeted responses of these five scenarios are river current velocity. Effectiveness scenarios were analysed using Anova and Tukey test. The results showed that alignment with gabion stone was the most effective scenario for flooding mitigation since this was the most effective in increasing river current velocity. This could prevent riverbank occurrence of avalanche, accelerate river current, overcome flooding, and prevent future flooding. Other scenarios likes dead clicth ended-hallway, canalization, and riparian reclamation are also possible implemented.
Waste Scavenging and Its Contribution for Survival and Urban Recycling in Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mapa Mohammad Tahir 
Published: January 2020

High generation of solid waste has been identified as one factor contributing to the world’s environmental problems, and the decrease in suitable landfill sites and scarcity of natural resources is creating greater demand for remanufacturing and reuse. This study aims to examine the contribution and issues embedded in scavengers group to achieved high rate of recycling in waste management program. In order to answer the research objective, this research utilized in-depth interviews conducted with scavengers group. This study revealed scavenging activity is an important element in waste management with positive impact on the economic and environment. Therefore, to support this, the scavengers group need to be part of the government’s attempt to realise its recycling objectives.
Performance enhancement of photovoltaic systems with passive lossless cuk converter using non linear controller
Authors: Kanimozhi K. , Rabi B. Raja Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

The A soft switched Cuk converter with Improved Perturb and Observe (P&O) based Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) that uses a HybridSliding Mode (HSM) Controller is proposed to enhance performance of Photovoltaic (PV) generator. Conduction losses, voltage stress, and switching losses are reduced in soft switched Cuk converter by introducing a snubber cell which in turn improves Cuk converter efficiency. Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is implemented in an Analog-Digital way. The main benefit of the proposed solution is that it is possible to split the sliding Mode (SM) control equation in two terms: the first one is characterized by a combination of signals wich can be defined as fast and a second part obtained by a combination of signals which can be defined as slow. The slower term suits the digital implementation because it van be treated as a linear control which works on the low frequency range and faster term implemented in analog way. Performance analysis of the Passive soft switched Cukconverter and conventional converter is ilustrated by simulation and experimental methods for various irradiation changes. Peak power is harvested from PV panel and optimal operating point is detected using HSM based MPPT method. The prototype model developed with SMP085P module validates the performance of modified Cuk converter.
ACEHNESE ONOMATOPOEIAS: INVESTIGATING, LISTING, AND INTERPRETING THEIR MEANINGS
Authors: Muliawati Ida , Yusnida Dara 
Published: January 2020

Sound-imitating words, called onomatopoeia, presents in most of languages in the world including Acehnese language, one of traditional languages in Indonesia, in which a great deal of onomatopoeias exist in it due to its unique constructions of onomatopoeia. This research aims at finding out kinds of Acehnese onomatopoeias understood and spoken among native Acehnese people by using Pidie dialect. Thus, five people in the Pidie Jaya regency were sorted out to be the subject informants by actualizing purposive and snowball technique. Moreover, a descriptive qualitative method was manifested in the research by actualizing some instruments to get the data such as structured interviewing and documentation. Hence, all of the data were interpreted in words by listing, transcribing their phonetics orderly, as well as describing both their function and meaning. A three-step analysis – data reduction, data verification, and data display-- was employed to describe the data gathered. Result of the research reveals that Acehnese Onomatopoeias covers a wide range of expressions in sound-imitating words which are categorized into three big classes; Phonomimes which includes auditory impressions of various imitative sounds of nature; Phenomimes -- mimetic words to describe objects’ condition and human’s activities; and Psychomimes – symbolizing psychological state or inner feelings. Still, most of Acehnese onomatopeic words are in forms of repetition and nasalization which seems to be more unique compared to other languages.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of phytotoxic activity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) ripe fruit
Authors: Mendes Iara Cotta , Amado Paula Avelar , Morais Melissa Grazielle , Lima Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos 
Published: January 2020

The Solanum lycocarpum species, belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as the wolf fruit and is used in folk medicine for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cholesterol reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract from the ripe fruit of S. lycocarpum to verify the presence of the main groups of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the phytotoxic effect on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seeds. The fruits of S. lycocarpum were collected, crushed and percolated with anhydrous ethanol and the solvent was dried in a rotatory evaporator to obtain the ethanol extract. In the phytotoxicity evaluation, the results showed that the ethanol extract was able to completely inhibit the growth of hypocotyl and radicle of L. sativa (lettuce) seeds in all concentrations tested. In A. cepa (onion) seeds, a concentration of 500 μg per plate was able to inhibit the growth of the hypocotyl and radicle by 100%. The metabolites detected in the extract were alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The phytotoxic activity can be correlated to the presence of these compounds.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO MICROSCÓPIO ÓTICO NA REVOLUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA - DAS PRÁTICAS EDUCACIONAIS À REPRESENTAÇÃO MUSEOLÓGICA
Authors: Teles Nuno , Fonseca Maria João 
Published: January 2020

ResumoNeste artigo é apresentada uma reflexão sobre os museus de ciência a partir da sua vertente educativa ligada às questões da representação museológica. Em discussão está a importância do microscópio como objeto de destaque museológico aliada ao seu contributo para o ensino das ciências. Numa primeira abordagem é feita uma contextualização histórica sobre a descoberta, desenvolvimento e importância deste instrumento, seguida de uma contextualização científica sobre a sua utilização como ferramenta de investigação e educação. Numa segunda abordagem serão apresentados os campos de aplicação deste equipamento como instrumento educativo ao longo do século XIX até ao século XXI. Como exemplos serão referidos três museus nacionais de ciência: Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto; Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra; e Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa. Palavras-chave: microscópio; educação; museologia; história da ciência. Abstract This article presents a reflection on the role played by science museums from an educational point of view in connection with issues pertaining to museological representation. In discussion is the importance of the microscope as an object of museological prominence allied to its contribution for science teaching. In a first approach, a historical contextualization on the discovery, development and importance of this instrument will be provided, followed by a scientific contextualization on its use as an educational and research tool. In a second approach the fields of application of the microscope as an educational instrument from the 19th century to the 21st century will be outlined. Three science museums in Portugal will be used as examples: the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra and the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon.Keywords: microscope; education; museology; history of science.
PRECIOS DE MERCADO COMO MEDIO DE VALORACIÓN DE LOS BENEFICIOS AMBIENTALES DE LAS RESERVAS MARINO COSTERAS DEL ECUADOR
Authors: CADENA ANA GABRIELA GABRIELA , ECHEVERRÍA DARÍO , FIERRRO ROMERO LISSETH , VARGAS KARLA , RODRÍGUEZ ESPINOSA FABIÁN 
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo se realizó para obtener un valor económico de cuatro reservas marino-costeras del Ecuador mediante la aplicación de los métodos de costo de mercado. Dos bienes y servicios ambientales fueron evaluados para estimar el valor económico de las cuatro reservas. La producción de alimento, la producción pesquera de carácter artesanal que está permitida en las áreas protegidas y tienen una superficie asignada para ello en particular fue estimada a través del método de precio de mercado. El método de transferencia de beneficios fue utilizado para la estimación del almacenamiento de carbono sobre la base de la estimación de la biomasa seca de los tipos de bosques naturales existentes en las cuatro reservas. El aporte económico de estas reservas alcanzó 105 millones de dólares, siendo la pesca artesanal con mayor aporte con 100,09 millones. La pesca artesanal da un aporte directo a aproximadamente 6800 familias en las cuatro reservas que tuvieron ingresos promedio de 14.720,18 dólares anuales, ingresos que son superiores a los 5.968,98 dólares del PIB per cápita del Ecuador para el año 2016. Las cuatro reservas aportaron con 5,3 millones de dólares en almacenamiento de carbono. Para el almacenamiento de carbono se utilizó el precio de referencia del mercado de carbono del Banco Mundial. El aporte económico de las cuatro reservas marino costeras es relevante si lo comparamos con el presupuesto del Estado (PGE) en 2016 y con el PIB de ese año. Los beneficios económicos de las cuatro reservas marino-costeras representan el 0,35% del PGE y 0,1% del PIB para el año 2016. En definitiva los precios de mercado son una buena herramienta para la valoración de los bienes y servicios ambientales de áreas protegidas marino-costeras.
IMPLANTACIÓN DE UNA APLICACIÓN MÓVIL PARA PPGIS DESTINADA A DESLIZAMIENTOS E INTEGRADA A UNA IDE
Authors: Achig Rosario , Morocho Villie , Santander Fabían , Pacurucu Natalia 
Published: January 2020

Se ha generado una aplicación móvil para participación ciudadana aplicada a Sistemas de Información Geográfica –SIG- para que la población pueda proporcionar datos específicos sobre zonas que hayan sufrido deslizamientos o propensas a este fenómeno, de manera que los investigadores o tomadores de decisiones puedan contar con datos actualizados y geo localizados de estas zonas. En base a información proporcionada por la Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos –SGR– y la experiencia del personal del proyecto, se definieron los perfiles y contenidos de la encuesta implementada a través de la aplicación móvil. Posteriormente se utilizó esta aplicación para levantamiento de información en determinadas áreas de la ciudad de Cuenca en las que se realizaron estudios sobre deslizamiento. Los resultados de la información levantada pueden ser visualizados en la plataforma de Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de la Universidad de Cuenca –IDE UCuenca–, en diferentes formatos. Adicionalmente, el contenido de la aplicación móvil fue validado por el personal de la SGR.
DETERMINACIÓN DE ZONAS PROPENSAS AL VIRUS DE LA MANCHA BLANCA EN PISCINAS CAMARONERAS DE LA ISLA PUNÁ MEDIANTE EL CÁLCULO DE TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL CON ALGORITMO SPLIT-WINDOW
Authors: ARELLANO KAROL , PADILLA PABLO , MOLINA IÑIGO 
Published: January 2020

La temperatura superficial es un indicador del equilibrio energético de la superficie terrestre u oceánica, sus principales aplicaciones se centran en estudios ambientales, como el clima urbano, monitoreo de la vegetación, hidrología, entre otros. Debido a su gran importancia para el estudio de calidad del agua, requiere de mediciones, las cuales se pueden obtener mediante la aplicación de distintos algoritmos matemáticos en teledetección. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar zonas propensas a la aparición del virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV) en piscinas camaroneras de la Isla Puná para los años 2016 y 2017 mediante el cálculo de la temperatura superficial. En esta isla la especie conocida como Litopenaeus vannamei (camarón blanco del Pacífico) es la de mayor producción en su territorio, sin embargo, cuando la temperatura de las piscinas destinadas a su cultivo alcanzan valores inferiores o iguales a los 27 °C, se favorece a la aparición de brotes del virus de la mancha blanca. Para el cálculo de temperatura superficial se utilizó el algoritmo split-window propuesto por Sobrino et al. (1996) y datos combinados de los sensores Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS y ASTER. Como resultados se obtuvo que para el año 2016, un 0,13% (16.20 ha) del área total (12 569,76 ha) de piscinas camaroneras presentaron riesgo de brote del virus de la mancha blanca, mientras un 12,91% (1 644,48 ha) del área total (12 736,80 ha) de piscinas identificadas fueron identificadas en el año 2017, que es un porcentaje mucho más representativo en comparación con el registrado en el año 2016, lo cual refleja la falta de un mejor control en el proceso de producción camaronera. Finalmente este trabajo presenta un aporte importante a la tecnología y métodos de cuidado para disminuir el riesgo de que la especie Litopenaeus vannamei contraiga el virus de la mancha blanca.
EL PERFIL GEOGRÁFICO CRIMINAL UNA NUEVA PROPUESTA EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN GEOESPACIAL DE DELITOS
Authors: Reyes Yunga Diego Filiberto 
Published: January 2020

En todo el mundo, no existe país que no se encuentre amenazado por un hecho delictivo, y que requiera la captura del agresor o agresores para enfrenten a la justicia, pues la simple presencia de un hecho delictivo en una zona genera intranquilidad y zozobra lo cual se materializa en las estadísticas de desarrollo económico y calidad de vida, es por ello, que organismos internacionales como la ONU y países en todos sus niveles administrativos buscan implementar medidas, técnicas estrategias o nuevas herramientas para contrarrestar los hechos delictivos. Es así que una de las más nuevas investigaciones y recientes propuestas a nivel internacional es el desarrollo de un Geographic Profiling o Perfil Geográfico en español y conocido como Retrato Geográfico en otros países, cual es el producto de la intersección de tres ciencias como: la geografía, psicología y criminalística con el objetivo de localizar el área más probable donde puede encontrarse al agresor, sea este: la residencia, lugar de trabajo u otro conocido como punto de anclaje, todo esto en función al análisis geoespacial. Sin embargo, esta nueva metodología al igual que un perfil criminal o psicológico lo que pretenden es aminorar el proceso de investigación, ya que por sí solo no resuelven el caso, además no existe una metodología normalizada o estándar lo cual también ocurre con la elaboración de perfiles psicológicos. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica son útiles, pues más del 80% de la información cualquiera que fuese la entidad proveniente puede ser espacializada y analizada sobre un mapa. Por esta razón, el presente proyecto tiene como objetivo, caracterizar la psicología y la criminalística desde un punto de vista de la geografía o análisis geoespacial para la construcción de un Perfil Geográfico Criminal estándar o genérico en apoyo a la seguridad ciudadana. Como resultado, se obtuvo los criterios espaciales que involucran el comportamiento espacial del agresor como también la caracterización del entorno a la escena del crimen. En conclusión, el Perfil Geográfico es una potente herramienta que puede ayudar aminorar el trabajo del aparato judicial en la captura de los agresores, como también para el estudio del comportamiento criminal, sin embargo, esta aún no cuenta con las directrices para una investigación geoespacial del delito cual se propone en la evolución al desarrollo metodológico de un Perfil Geográfico Criminal, cual debería ser alienado a una infraestructura de datos espaciales y con criterios de análisis espacial basados en la psicología y criminalística.
Existence results for fractional neutral integro-differential systems with nonlocal condition through resolvent operators
Authors: Mallika D. , Baleanu D. , Suganya S. , Arjunan M. Mallika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The manuscript is primarily concerned with the new existence results for fractional neutral integro-differential equation (FNIDE) with nonlocal conditions (NLCs) in Banach spaces. Based on the Banach contraction principle and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem (FPT) joined with resolvent operators, we develop the main results. Ultimately, an representation is also offered to demonstrate the accomplished theorem.
Combining Evolution and Learning in Computational Ecosystems
Authors: Strannegård Claes , Xu Wen , Engsner Niklas , Endler John A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although animals such as spiders, fish, and birds have very different anatomies, the basic mechanisms that govern their perception, decision-making, learning, reproduction, and death have striking similarities. These mechanisms have apparently allowed the development of general intelligence in nature. This led us to the idea of approaching artificial general intelligence (AGI) by constructing a generic artificial animal (animat) with a configurable body and fixed mechanisms of perception, decision-making, learning, reproduction, and death. One instance of this generic animat could be an artificial spider, another an artificial fish, and a third an artificial bird. The goal of all decision-making in this model is to maintain homeostasis. Thus actions are selected that might promote survival and reproduction to varying degrees. All decision-making is based on knowledge that is stored in network structures. Each animat has two such network structures: a genotype and a phenotype. The genotype models the initial nervous system that is encoded in the genome (“the brain at birth”), while the phenotype represents the nervous system in its present form (“the brain at present”). Initially the phenotype and the genotype coincide, but then the phenotype keeps developing as a result of learning, while the genotype essentially remains unchanged. The model is extended to ecosystems populated by animats that develop continuously according to fixed mechanisms for sexual or asexual reproduction, and death. Several examples of simple ecosystems are given. We show that our generic animat model possesses general intelligence in a primitive form. In fact, it can learn simple forms of locomotion, navigation, foraging, language, and arithmetic.
PKU Bagi MI Muhamamdiyah Rambeanak 2 Kabupaten Magelang, Melalui Alat Peraga Edukatif (APE)
Authors: Oktradiksa Ahwy , Aufa Minzani 
Published: January 2020

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhamadiyah (MIM) 2 Rambeanak memiliki siswa sebanyak 127 orang, guru sebanyak 8 orang, dan didirikan sejak tahun 1947, meski sudah setengah abad didirikan, namun sampai saat ini masih mengalami sejumlah kendala, di antaranya adalah 1) kondisi obyektif dari guru dan sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya media pembelajaran berupa Alat Peraga Edukatif (APE) sehingga berdampak pada keterbatasan dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran berkualitas; 2) minimnya dukungan stakeholders madrasah dalam pengembangan madrasah baik secara moril maupun materiil. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka akan dilakukan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Universitas (PKU) yang bertujuan untuk peningkatan mutu madrasah menuju madrasah dengan proses pendidikan yang berkualitas melalui pendampingan pembuatan APE bagi guru. Metode yang digunakan pemberdayaan masyarakat partisipatif Participatory Rural Apraisal (PRA). Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat diberikan dalam pelaksanaan PKU di MIM 2 Rambeanak sebagai berikut : 1) Setelah dilakukan pendekatan melalui sosialisasi tentang pentingnya APE, maka guru bisa membuat dan berdampak pada gaya guru mengajar yang menarik dan hasil belajar siswa menjadi baik, 2) Setelah guru melakukan diseminasi hasil pembuatan APE, maka guru menjadi lebih kreatif dengan memanfaatkan bahan yang ekonomis dan tertarik untuk membuat lebih banyak lagi APE dengan ide yang brilian berdasarkan pengalaman yang sudah dilakukan selama kegiatan PKU berlangsung. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhamadiyah (MIM) 2 Rambeanak has 127 students, 8 teachers, and was founded in 1947, although it has been established for half a century, but to date there are still a number of obstacles, including 1) the objective conditions of the teacher and human resources and instructional media resources in the form of Educational Teaching Aids (APE) so that the impact on limitations in supporting the quality learning process; 2) the lack of support from madrasa stakeholders in madrasa development both morally and materially. In connection with this, the University Partnership Program (PKU) activity will be carried out which aims to improve the quality of madrasas towards madrasas with a quality education process through mentoring making APE for teachers. The method used is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) participatory community empowerment. The conclusions that can be given in the implementation of PKU in MIM 2 Rambeanak are as follows: 1) After an approach through socialization about the importance of APE, the teacher can make and have an impact on the teacher's teaching style that is interesting and student learning outcomes become good, 2) After the teacher does the dissemination of the results of making APE, the teacher becomes more creative by utilizing economical materials and is interested in making more APE with brilliant ideas based on experience that has been done during PKU activities.
Windshield Defrost Simplified CFD Model
Authors: Schmid Michal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The windshield defrost system, in general, is a vehicle safety feature. Thus, its restricted by variety of directives. However, the OMEs’ benchmark targets could be even more demanding as the deicing process is in addition also part of passengers comfort. From vehicle design point of view the wind-shield defrost system is typically connected to HVAC unit (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning). In the technical solution the windshield is heated via hot air convection. Nevertheless, other methods are becoming more and more popular, like directly heated glass by hot wire ohmic heating (heated glasses). The defrost CFD model should predict the ice layer thickness in time and space and in environmental conditions defined according to appropriate directives and technical solution. The accurate and fast modelling technique is essential part of a vehicle development, especially nowadays, where the optimization techniques area widely used and requires hundreds of simulations runs. Modelling requests are even increasing with modern pure electric vehicles (EVs), were the thermal and energy management is more demanding compared to the classical internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The aim of the work is to verify possibility to model the ice layer thickness with simplified approach, which could be beneficial from computational time burden.