bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics of periodontal disease and tooth morbidity
Authors: Morelli Thiago , Agler Cary S. , Divaris Kimon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this review we critically summarize the evidence base and the progress to date regarding the genomic basis of periodontal disease and tooth morbidity (ie, dental caries and tooth loss), and discuss future applications and research directions in the context of precision oral health and care. Evidence for these oral/dental traits from genome‐wide association studies first emerged less than a decade ago. Basic and translational research activities in this domain are now under way by multiple groups around the world. Key departure points in the oral health genomics discourse are: (a) some heritable variation exists for periodontal and dental diseases; (b) the environmental component (eg, social determinants of health and behavioral risk factors) has a major influence on the population distribution but probably interacts with factors of innate susceptibility at the person‐level; (c) sizeable, multi‐ethnic, well‐characterized samples or cohorts with high‐quality measures on oral health outcomes and genomics information are required to make decisive discoveries; (d) challenges remain in the measurement of oral health and disease, with current periodontitis and dental caries traits capturing only a part of the health‐disease continuum, and are little or not informed by the underlying biology; (e) the substantial individual heterogeneity that exists in the clinical presentation and lifetime trajectory of oral disease can be identified and leveraged in a precision medicine framework or, if unappreciated, can hamper translational efforts. In this review we discuss how composite or biologically informed traits may offer improvements over clinically defined ones for the genomic interrogation of oral diseases. We demonstrate the utility of the results of genome‐wide association studies for the development and testing of a genetic risk score for severe periodontitis. We conclude that exciting opportunities lie ahead for improvements in the oral health of individual patients and populations via advances in our understanding of the genomic basis of oral health and disease. The pace of new discoveries and their equitable translation to practice will largely depend on investments in the education and training of the oral health care workforce, basic and population research, and sustained collaborative efforts..
The Impact of Leaving Camps on Well‐being of Internally Displaced Persons in Northern Uganda
Authors: Tseng Fu‐Min , McPake Barbara , Edoka Ijeoma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe armed conflict in Northern Uganda led to a large number of internally displaced persons (IDPs). After the government announced the declaration of free movement on 30 October 2006, a large number of IDPs left camps. Transition from camp life to post‐camp life has important implications for population well‐being. This paper uses the Ugandan National Household Survey conducted in 2005‐2006 and 2009‐2010 and a difference‐in‐differences method to estimate changes in IDPs' well‐being measured by self‐reported heath as well as household food consumption. We do not find a significant effect of leaving camps on self‐reported illness and household food consumption but we find a significant effect on the choice of healthcare providers utilised. The postcamp effect was estimated to increase the use of non‐free health providers, an effect composed of more visits to informal providers and greater choice of formal private providers, when formal providers are utilised. Those findings shed light on policy‐relevant issues in the areas of land rights, recovery of public health systems and gender inequalities in well‐being.
A dynamic model for double‐bounded time series with chaotic‐driven conditional averages
Authors: Pumi Guilherme , Prass Taiane Schaedler , Souza Rafael Rigão 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a class of dynamic models for time series taking values on the unit interval. The proposed model follows a generalized linear model approach where the random component, conditioned on the past information, follows a beta distribution, while the conditional mean specification may include covariates and also an extra additive term given by the iteration of a map that can present chaotic behavior. The resulting model is very flexible and its systematic component can accommodate short‐ and long‐range dependence, periodic behavior, laminar phases, etc. We derive easily verifiable conditions for the stationarity of the proposed model, as well as conditions for the law of large numbers and a Birkhoff‐type theorem to hold. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to assess the finite sample behavior of the partial maximum likelihood approach for parameter estimation in the proposed model. Finally, an application to the proportion of stored hydroelectrical energy in Southern Brazil is presented.
Rpa1 mediates an immune response to avrRpm1Psa and confers resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Authors: Yoon Minsoo , Rikkerink Erik H.A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe type three effector AvrRpm1Pma from Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Pma) triggers an RPM1‐mediated immune response linked to phosphorylation of RIN4 (RPM1‐interacting protein 4) in Arabidopsis. However, the effector–resistance (R) gene interaction is not well established with different AvrRpm1 effectors from other pathovars. We investigated the AvrRpm1‐triggered immune responses in Nicotiana species and isolated Rpa1 (Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 1) via a reverse genetic screen in Nicotiana tabacum. Transient expression and gene silencing were performed in combination with co‐immunoprecipitation and growth assays to investigate the specificity of interactions that lead to inhibition of pathogen growth. Two closely related AvrRpm1 effectors derived from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (AvrRpm1Psa) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a (AvrRpm1Psy) trigger immune responses mediated by RPA1, a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat protein with an N‐terminal coiled‐coil domain. In a display of contrasting specificities, RPA1 does not respond to AvrRpm1Pma, and correspondingly AvrRpm1Psa and AvrRpm1Psy do not trigger the RPM1‐mediated response, demonstrating that separate R genes mediate specific immune responses to different AvrRpm1 effectors. AvrRpm1Psa co‐immunoprecipitates with RPA1, and both proteins co‐immunoprecipitate with RIN4. In contrast with RPM1, however, RPA1 was not activated by the phosphomimic RIN4T166D and silencing of RIN4 did not affect the RPA1 activity. Delivery of AvrRpm1Psa by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) in combination with transient expression of Rpa1 resulted in inhibition of the pathogen growth in N. benthamiana. Psa growth was also inhibited by RPA1 in N. tabacum.
PP7L is essential for MAIL1‐mediated transposable element silencing and primary root growth
Authors: de Luxán‐Hernández Cloe , Lohmann Julia , Hellmeyer Wiebke , Seanpong Senoch , Wöltje Kerstin , Magyar Zoltan , Pettkó‐Szandtner Aladár , Pélissier Thierry , De Jaeger Geert , Hoth Stefan , Mathieu Olivier , Weingartner Magdalena 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe two paralogous Arabidopsis genes MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEMS (MAIN) and MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEMS LIKE1 (MAIL1) encode a conserved retrotransposon‐related plant mobile domain and are known to be required for silencing of transposable elements (TE) and for primary root development. Loss of function of either MAIN or MAIL1 leads to release of heterochromatic TEs, reduced condensation of pericentromeric heterochromatin, cell death of meristem cells and growth arrest of the primary root soon after germination. Here, we show that they act in one protein complex that also contains the inactive isoform of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 7 (PP7), which is named PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 7‐LIKE (PP7L). PP7L was previously shown to be important for chloroplast biogenesis and efficient chloroplast protein synthesis. We show that loss of PP7L function leads to the same root growth phenotype as loss of MAIL1 or MAIN. In addition, pp7l mutants show similar silencing defects. Double mutant analyses confirmed that the three proteins act in the same molecular pathway. The primary root growth arrest, which is associated with cell death of stem cells and their daughter cells, is a consequence of genome instability. Our data demonstrate so far unrecognized functions of an inactive phosphatase isoform in a protein complex that is essential for silencing of heterochromatic elements and for maintenance of genome stability in dividing cells.
A New Turbulent Wall-Pressure Fluctuation Model for Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Frendi Abdelkader , Zhang Man 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most fluid flows of practical applications are turbulent. In flows involving interactions with flexible structures, such as an aircraft skin, the knowledge of turbulent wall-pressure fluctuations is critical. Both measurements and direct numerical simulations of the wall-pressure fluctuations are difficult and costly. Therefore, the use of the semi-empirical turbulent wall-pressure fluctuation models is wide spread. One of the most widely used models is that due to Corcos (Resolution of Pressure in Turbulence,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 35(2), pp. 192–199). The biggest advantages of this model are simplicity and ease of use. However, the model has several weaknesses as well and therefore many models have been proposed to address them. In this paper, we briefly review existing models and then propose a model that remedies their weaknesses. The proposed model keeps the simplicity of the Corcos model and it is given in both space-frequency and wavenumber-frequency spaces. The new model accurately captures the convective peak and shows better agreement with experimental data at lower wavenumbers.
Section VIII–Division I: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Authors: Pastor Thomas P. , Vattappilly Jay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Section VIII, Division 1 is written for the construction of new pressure vessels, and it covers a wide range of industrial and commercial pressure vessel applications. It applies to small compressed air receivers as well as to very large pressure vessels needed by the petrochemical and refining industry. This chapter provides an overview to each of the parts of Section VIII, Division 1. It discusses the historical background of this Section in relation to the construction and safe operation of boilers and pressure vessels. Subsection A of Division 1 deals with the general requirements for all methods of construction and materials, covering design, inspection, and tests. Here, the requirements specific to the use of forgings, permitted material specifications for pipes and tubes, and requirements of prefabricated or preformed pressure parts are covered. Subsection B contains rules that apply to specific methods used for the fabrication of pressure vessels. The specific methods covered by Subsection B include welded construction, forging, and brazing. Subsection C deals with the requirements for pressure vessels: constructed of carbon and low alloy steels, nonferrous materials, high alloy steels, cast iron, and impregnated graphite; constructed of material with corrosion-resistant integral cladding, weld metal overlay, or with applied linings; and constructed of ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment. Requirements are also provided for pressure vessels fabricated by layered construction and constructed of materials having higher allowable stresses at low temperature. Mandatory appendices include supplementary design formulas, rules for the design of bolted flanged connections that use gaskets that are entirely within the bolt circle, and rounded indications that are discovered by radiographic examination of welds. The basis for establishing allowable loads for tube-to-tubesheet joints and suggested methods for obtaining the operating temperature of vessel walls in service are covered under nonmandatory appendices.
Pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of a routine molecular point-of-care ‘test-and-treat’ strategy for influenza in adults hospitalised with acute respiratory illness (FluPOC): trial protocol
Authors: Beard Kate , Brendish Nathan , Malachira Ahalya , Mills Samuel , Chan Cathleen , Poole Stephen , Clark Tristan 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundInfluenza infections often remain undiagnosed in patients admitted to hospital due to lack of routine testing. When tested for, the diagnosis and treatment of influenza are often delayed due to the slow turnaround times of centralised laboratory PCR testing. Newer molecular systems, have comparable accuracy to laboratory PCR testing, and can generate a result in under 1 hour, making them potentially deployable as point-of-care tests (POCTs). High-quality evidence for the impact of routine POCT for influenza on clinical outcomes is, however, currently lacking. This large pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial aims to address this evidence gap.Methods and analysisThe FluPOC trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial evaluating adults admitted to a large teaching hospital and a district general hospital with an acute respiratory illness, during influenza season and defined by Public Health England. Up to 840 patients will be recruited over up to three influenza seasons, and randomised (1:1) to receive either POCT using the FilmArray respiratory panel, or routine clinical care. Clinical and infection control teams will be informed of the results in real time and where influenza is detected clinical teams will be encouraged to offer neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) treatment in accordance with national guidelines. Those allocated to standard clinical care will have a swab taken for later analysis to allow assessment of missed diagnoses. The outcomes assessment will be by retrospective case note analysis. The outcome measures include the proportion of influenza-positive patients detected and appropriately treated with NAIs, isolation facility use, antibiotic use, length of hospital stay, complications and mortality.Ethics and disseminationPrior to commencing the study, approval was obtained from the South Central Hampshire A Ethics Committee (reference 17/SC/0368, granted 7 September 2017). Results generated from this protocol will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN17197293
Indications and outcomes of paediatric tracheotomy: a descriptive study using a Japanese claims database
Authors: Mizuno Kayoko , Takeuchi Masato , Kishimoto Yo , Kawakami Koji , Omori Koichi 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the incidence of and indications for paediatric tracheotomy to clarify the disease burden relevant to tracheotomy in a population-based context.DesignA descriptive analysis of a retrospective cohort.SettingThis study utilised a nationwide claims database in Japan constructed by JMDC (Tokyo, Japan). The database includes claims data for approximately 3.75 million insured persons (approximately 3.1% of the population of Japan) comprising mainly company employees and their family members.ParticipantsWe identified children registered to have undergone tracheotomy from 2005 to 2017 among about 1.2 million children aged 0–15 years.Main outcome measuresThe characteristics of the study population, and indications for tracheotomy, duration of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of tracheotomy dependence, complications related to tracheotomy and death were assessed. When there were multiple indications, classification for a child into multiple groups was allowed.ResultsThe study included 215 children (120 males, 56%). The median age at tracheotomy was 0.8 years. The most common age at tracheotomy was less than 12 months (n=127, 59.1%). The most common indications for tracheotomy were chronic lung disease (n=79, 36.7%), followed by neuromuscular disease (n=77, 35.8%), cardiovascular disease (n=53, 24.3%), upper airway obstruction (n=43, 20%), premature birth and related conditions (n=34, 15.8%), trauma (n=16, 7.4%), prolonged ventilation due to other causes (n=12, 5.6%) and malignancy (n=9, 4.2%). The median duration of tracheotomy dependence was 17.2 months. During the follow-up period, decannulation was achieved in 84 children (39.1%), and the median time from tracheotomy to decannulation was 12.0 months.ConclusionsMost paediatric tracheotomies were performed due to chronic underlying diseases, and the mean duration of tracheotomy dependence was nearly 1-½ years. The long-term duration of tracheotomy dependence might have some impacts on patients’ physical and mental development and the quality of life.
Protocol for developing a core outcome set for evaluating school-based physical activity interventions in primary schools
Authors: Foley Kimberley A , Venkatraman Tishya , Ram Bina , Ells Louisa , van Sluijs Esther , Hargreaves Dougal S , Greaves Felix , Taghavi Azar Sharabiani Mansour , Viner Russell M , Bottle Alex , Saxena Sonia 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionPrimary school-based physical activity interventions, such as The Daily Mile initiative, have the potential to increase children’s physical activity levels over time, which is associated with a variety of health benefits. Comparing interventions or combining results of several studies of a single intervention is challenging because previous studies have examined different outcomes or used different measures that are not feasible or relevant for researchers in school settings. The development and implementation of a core outcome set (COS) for primary school-based physical activity interventions would ensure outcomes important to those involved in implementing and evaluating interventions are standardised.Methods and analysisOur aim is to develop a COS for studies of school-based physical activity interventions. We will achieve this by undertaking a four-stage process:(1) identify a list of outcomes assessed in studies through a systematic review of international literature; (2) establish domains from these outcomes to produce questionnaire items; (3) prioritise outcomes through a two-stage Delphi survey with four key stakeholder groups (researchers, public health professionals, educators and parents), where stakeholders rate the importance of each outcome on a 9-point Likert scale (consensus that the outcomes should be included in the COS will be determined as 70% or more of all stakeholders scoring the outcome 7%–9% and 15% or less scoring 1 to 3); (4) achieve consensus on a final COS in face-to-face meetings with a sample of stakeholders and primary school children.Ethics and disseminationWe have received ethical approval from Imperial College London (ref: 19IC5428). The results of this study will be disseminated via conference presentations/public health meetings, peer-reviewed publications and through appropriate media channels.Trial registration numberCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (COMET) number: 1322.
Preschool group practices and preschool children’s sedentary time: a cross-sectional study in Finland
Authors: Määttä Suvi , Lehto Reetta , Konttinen Hanna , Ray Carola , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Roos Eva 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesPreschool is an important setting for regulating sedentary time (ST). The preschool day in Finland follows daily structures by having morning and afternoon slots for group-based activities that can encourage children for movement (eg, free play and outdoor time) or be still (eg, teacher-led sessions and sitting-based circles). This study aims to explore if the weekly routines in preschool and if more frequent visits in places encouraging physical activity (PA) are associated with children’s ST during preschool hours.DesignCross-sectional DAGIS (Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools) study in the years 2015 and 2016.SettingIn Finland.Participants864 children (48% girls, 4.7 years) from 159 preschool groups in 66 preschoolsOutcome measuresA total of 778 children wore required lengths of time (at least 240 min per preschool day, at least 2 days) the accelerometer during preschool hours. Each preschool group reported their weekly schedule during the week, and one early educator completed a questionnaire covering practices. The following five measures related to weekly structures were formed; times of outdoors (times per day), teacher-led sessions (times per day), free play (low, middle or high), organised PA lessons (no lessons at all/others) and mixed activities (no lessons at all/others), and the following five measures about the frequencies of visits in places encouraging PA; nature trips (times per week), play parks (times per week), neighbourhood sport facilities (no visits at all/others), visits to gym or other indoor facility (no visits at all/others) and field trips to neighbourhoods (times per week). Multilevel linear regression analyses were conducted to measure the associations.ResultsOf all the tested associations, only more frequently conducted nature trips were associated with lower children’s ST during preschool hours (β=−1.026; 95% CI −1.804 to −0.248).ConclusionFrequent nature trips in preschools may be important due to its association with lower preschool children’s ST.
Patients’ perceptions of continuity of care across primary care level and emergency departments in Belgium: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Karam Marlene , Lambert Anne-Sophie , Macq Jean 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo assess patients’ perceptions of continuity of care (COC) across primary care level and emergency departments (EDs) and to identify contextual and individual factors that influence this perception.DesignCross-sectional multicentre survey.SettingFive EDs in Brussels and Wallonia.Participants501 adult patients referred to the ED by their primary care physician (PCP). Patients with cognitive impairment or in critical condition were excluded.ResultsPatients perceived high levels of the three types of COC. On an individual level, older patients showed a perception of higher levels of continuity. Lower levels of informational and management continuity were observed among patients suffering from chronic diseases and patients with a high level of education. Patients also perceived a redundancy of medical exams, in parallel to a high degree of accessibility between care levels. On an organisational level, three structural factors were identified as barriers to COC, namely, ED workload, suboptimal sharing information system and the current fee-for-service payment system that encourages competition and hinders coordination between actors.ConclusionBelgian healthcare services seem satisfying for patients and easily accessible. However, efforts need to be directed towards improving their efficiency. A stronger primary care level is also needed to benefit the healthcare system by reducing overuse of emergency services. On the individual level, a more enhanced patient-centred approach could be beneficial in improving patients experience of care.