bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of exhaled breath condensate in lung cancer and controls using data-independent acquisition (DIA): a pilot study
Authors: Ma Lin , Muscat Joshua E , Sinha Raghu , Sun Dongxiao , Xiu Guangli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide has a poor prognosis. To develop a non-invasive method for early lung cancer detection, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was explored in this study. EBC samples were collected from lung cancer patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10), and a proteomic study was performed to identify potential biomarkers. Data-dependent acquisition was used to build the spectral library, and a data-independent acquisition (DIA) approach was applied for quantification of EBC proteomics. A total of 1151 proteins were identified, and several proteins were significantly upregulated in the lung cancer group compared to the control group. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed that most of the proteins were located within several organelles in the cells and were involved in binding and catalytic activity, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes results revealed that the proteins were mainly related to organismal systems and human disease. And S100A11, ANXA1, ENO1, and FABP5 might play a vital role in the EBC proteome. In summary, we demonstrated that the DIA-based quantification method was efficient in performing proteomic analysis in individual EBC samples, and some of the proteins might be novel biomarkers for lung cancer.
Renewable Energy in Africa: A Discussion of the Feasibility and Socio-Economic Effects of Solar Photovoltaic(PV) System
Authors: Long C , Zhang X 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development and expansion of the modern world cannot be separated from the support of electricity. The ‘pollution-free’ and unlimited renewable energy plays an increasingly important role in the energy supply market. Started with the interpretation of world energy consumption from 2008 to 2017, this paper takes Africa (primarily rural Africa), which has a shallow electricity connection rate, as an example to discuss the feasibility of deploying solar photovoltaic(PV) systems through analyzing its natural resources, government policies, and other factors. It briefly described both off-grid and grid-connected solar PV systems and their possible technical issues. Moreover, the potential socio-economic effects of the deployment of solar PV systems in the region have been predicted. Solar PV systems can solve the power supply issues for the people who live in rural areas with unsound infrastructure. Further research will quantify the benefits and analyze the impact factors to optimize the utility equation.
Application of Absolute Sustainability Assessment to New Zealand Residential Dwellings
Authors: McLaren S J , Chandrakumar C , Dowdell D , Bullen L. , Jaques R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One approach to supporting the implementation of sustainable activities by industry sectors is the use of climate targets. Such climate targets have potential to be used in design and rating tools for buildings and to support government regulation for the building and construction sector. In this study, the climate targets for New Zealand residential dwellings were calculated based on assigning the global carbon budget (for limiting temperature increase to 1.5 or 2.0 °C during 2018-2050) to three building typologies: detached, medium-density housing and apartments. These budgets were assigned to the pre-existing and new-built dwellings using building stock projections for the nominated period. Separately, the climate impact of new-built dwellings in each of the three residential typologies were assessed using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. For New Zealand residential buildings, new-built dwellings exceed their 1.5 °C climate targets by a factor of 6.7, 6.8 and 10.9 for detached, medium-density housing, and apartments respectively. For the 2.0 °C climate target, these factors are 4.8, 4.8 and 7.7 for detached, medium-density housing, and apartments respectively. The results show that about two-thirds of the climate impact of residential dwellings for the period 2018-2050 is associated with preexisting dwellings rather than new-builds. The operational energy used for space heating, water heating, lighting and plug loads makes the biggest contribution to the climate impact for all typologies of pre-built residential dwellings. For new-built residential dwellings, both the operational energy and the construction materials/products contribute most of the climate impact.
Strategies to mitigate the effects of future extreme heat waves - a new method for mapping
Authors: Özüm Durgun Yetkin , Håkansson Maria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Global warming is increasingly causing extreme weather events, such as heat waves. One-way heat waves are problematic in society, particularly in urban areas, is because of their negative impact on vulnerable groups including elderly people and children. Organizations such as municipalities that are responsible for local schools, day care centres and/or elderly homes, may struggle to provide the necessary care and function during extreme heat waves. This work explores how remote sensing images providing historical data of land surface temperatures (LST) can be used to create summer urban heat island maps and heat wave intensity, and in the longer run, how such information could be used by municipalities and other actors to mitigate effects of future heat waves. The method presented in this study was used to detect the “hot spots” in two participating Swedish municipalities and identify the municipal services located within these spots based on MODIS (1 km) and Landsat (30 m) LST datasets. Furthermore, this study showed that urban heat island phenomenon existed in the two participating municipalities. In general, this methodology can be applicable at both local and regional scale, although it might require additional site-specific data.
Enhancement Data In Term Of Material Selection And Design Consideration For Bulletproof Vest
Authors: Kin Lau Meng , Bukhari Mohabattul Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bulletproof vest is also known as ballistic vest and it is used to provide ballistic protection to the body of law enforcement and military personnel from injury through bullet impact, fragments, stab attacks and other treats. In this project, shear thickening fluid/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, STF/UHMWPE fabrics composites were prepared in order to design a low cost and lightweight bulletproof vest with high mechanical properties (impact energy and stab resistance). There are 2 categories that are prepared (UHMWPE with and without STF) and each category has 10 different numbers of layers. For the “UHMWPE with STF”, 10 of them were impregnated with shear thickening fluid that prepared by sonochemical method by mixing dry silica nanopowders, polyethylene glycol and ethanol. The effects of number of layers of UHMWPE fabrics and STF/UHMWPE fabrics on the impact properties for both UHMWPE without STF and UHMWPE with STF fabrics were investigated by using drop tower impact testing. Results from this study showed, absorption of impact energy is increased with increase in the number of penetrated witness papers. Besides, it is also indicated that the impact energy absorbed by witness paper/s is increased when the number of UHMWPE fabric and STF/UHMWPE layers are increased. The comparison between 2 categories is discussed. The result showed that STF/UHMWPE fabrics have better performance than UHMWPE fabrics in term of impact energy absorption, stab resistance and number of fabrics layers.
An experimental study on the feasibility of using combination of industrial by-products and wastes as highway construction materials
Authors: Judes Sujatha S. , Sahaya Ruben J. , Sumil Kumaran A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Use of industrial by-products and wastes as highway construction materials help achieving sustainable development. This paper presents and discusses the results of the experimental studies carried out to determine the effect of combination of different industrial by-products and wastes on unconfined compressive strength variation of the mixtures. The effect of different stabilizing agents such as cement and lime, and the effect of different curing periods such as 7-days, 14-days and 28-days on the strength variation are also examined.
Concrete-filled steel tube columns of different cross-sectional shapes under axial compression: A review
Authors: Ilanthalir A , Jerlin Regin J , Maheswaran J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a review on the axial compression behavior of different cross-sectional shaped concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns such as circular, rectangular, square, elliptical, hexagonal, octagonal and round-ended. A discussion on some special shapes like triangular, D-shape, ¼ circular, fan shape etc. is also done in this paper. Confinement offered by the varying cross-sectional shape steel tubes to concrete core, material strength limits and slenderness limits available in different codes of practices and the proposed yield slenderness limits for rectangular, elliptical and octagonal cross-sections are discussed. The failure modes encountered during the axial compression test on CFST columns are mentioned. An analysis on the parameters that influence the behavior of the columns, design equations in the current codes of practice, modifications made on the code design equations, equations proposed on the determination of compressive strength of different cross-sectional shapes of CFST columns is done. Unified formulas for two different cross-sectional shapes and solid and hollow concrete-filled steel tubes are also included. Conclusions are finally made based on the discussion done.
Defluoridation of Water by Using Modified Material Developed from Ficus benghalensis Leaf: Characterization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Telkapalliwar Nandkishor G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present study, microwave-assisted and chemically treated carbonized Ficus benghalensis leaf (MACFBL) material was used as an adsorbent material for the removal of fluoride from water. The results of the characterization of MAFBL carbon material exhibited ideal adsorbent properties. The fluoride adsorption experiments were performed under the batch mode to improve the different affecting parameters such as contact time (0-300 min) and temperature (303-343K) at predetermined pH (5), agitation speed (120 strokes/min), fluoride concentration (2 mg/L) and adsorbent dose (5 g/L). The maximum fluoride removal efficiency of fluoride on MACFBL material was found 86.5 %. The fluoride adsorption data applied for four well known kinetic models such as pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovich kinetic models. The pseudo second-order kinetic study shows the most favourable mechanism for the removal of fluoride. Thermodynamic investigation proposed that the fluoride adsorption process onto MACFBL was exothermic. The instrumental study of MACFBL adsorbent material before and after adsorption during FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD techniques established the fluoride adsorption on the carbon surface. The developed adsorbent material (MACFBL) is efficient for the removal of fluoride.
Prediction of Gas Composition of a Fluidized Bed Gasifier in a Sugarcane Bagasse-Modeling
Authors: Manikandan P , Christus Jeya Singh V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The assessment of the performance of various biomass fuel sources in gasifier is a significant zone of study for the execution of this innovation in different applications, pertinent to remote villages. This paper reveals the prediction of the composition of producer gas in a fluidized bed gasifier using Sugarcane Bagasse as feedstock where air to be used as gasifying agent. The model dependent on equilibrium constant and material balance has been created to assess the syngas compositions. The developed model has been used to predict the composition of constituent gases by varying equivalence ratio (ER) between 0.1 and 0.35 and keeping the moisture content (MC) constant. The outcomes show that the mole portion of CO from sugarcane bagasse is higher as compared to rice husk and coir pith and the composition of H2 and CH4 where absorbed very close to rice husk. Hence it recommended that the sugarcane bagasse and coir pith shall replace the rice husk and coir pith in fluidized bed gasifier for rural applications.
Conservation Strategies for Protecting Tiger Beetles and Their Habitats in the United States: Studies With Listed Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelidae)
Authors: Knisley C Barry , Gwiazdowski Rodger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTiger beetles are a popular, widely studied group of charismatic insects that are a flagship taxon for insect conservation. Five species are currently listed in the United States as Federally Endangered or Threatened, two others have recently been delisted, and many more are listed by individual states. To date, the status of some of these species has been improved or their decline slowed by various conservation strategies. In this article, we review the background and the recent conservation activities for all federally listed tiger beetle species. These species have lost much of their historic habitat and remain at risk because of continuing impacts from vegetation encroachment of native or invasive plants, water-level changes, and other human-related activities. Conservation efforts are limited because for most species there is little or no potential habitat remaining, even following restoration activities. Effective strategies have included long-term monitoring of population size and research activities, acquisition and protection of occupied sites, methods for controlling vegetation encroachment to improve habitat quality, and recent efforts with translocations using beetles from existing populations or from captive rearing. Because tiger beetle life histories are similar, successful management and research methods for any one species can be applicable to others. This presents an opportunity to coordinate taxon-level conservation for all U.S. species through cataloged information and conservation leadership
Wage Growth across Fields of Study among Young College Graduates: Is There a Gender Gap?
Authors: Sánchez-Mangas Rocío , Sánchez-Marcos Virginia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use the Flexible Professional in the Knowledge Society data set to learn about gender gaps during the early career of college graduates in Europe. We document substantial heterogeneity across fields of education in the gender wage gap at the entrance to the labour market. We find that the gap evolves against women over the five years after graduation in Social Science and in Economics, Business, and Law. Finally, we estimate a significant female wage growth penalty after we control for observable characteristics only within the Economics, Business, and Law category. Within this field, we estimate a female annual wage growth penalty of 1.1 percentage points among individuals who remained childless and 2.5 percentage points among individuals who became parents. A small fraction of the wage growth gap disappears after we control for variables capturing individual differences in job mobility or in labour market attachment during the early career. (JEL codes: J16, J24, J31)
Optic Nerve Sheath Ultrasound for the Detection and Monitoring of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Oanh Pham Kieu Nguyet , Dobbs Nicholas , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Nghia Ho Dang Trung , Summers David , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong , Thwaites Guy E ,   Vietnam ICU Translational Applications Laboratory (VITAL) Investigators
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Neurological complications of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) often lead to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by point-of-care ultrasound may aid in the identification of raised ICP in TBM.

Methods
From June 2017 to December 2019, 107 Vietnamese adults with TBM, enrolled in the ACT HIV or LAST ACT trials (NCT03092817, NCT03100786), underwent ONSD ultrasound at ≥1 of days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and day ±30 after enrollment. Demographic data, TBM severity grade, HIV coinfection status, and clinical endpoints by 3 months were recorded. ONSD values were correlated with disease severity, baseline brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid parameters, and clinical endpoints.

Results
267 ONSD ultrasound scans were performed in 107 participants over the first 30 days of treatment, with measurements from 0.38–0.74 cm. Paired baseline ONSD and brain imaging were performed in 63 participants. Higher baseline ONSD was associated with more severe disease and abnormal brain imaging (abnormal imaging 0.55 cm vs 0.50 cm normal imaging, P = .01). Baseline median ONSD was significantly higher in participants who died by 3 months (0.56 cm [15/72]) versus participants who survived by 3 months (0.52 cm [57/72]) (P = .02). Median ONSD was higher at all follow-up times in participants who died by 3 months.

Conclusions
Higher ONSD was associated with increased disease severity, brain imaging abnormalities, and increased death by 3 months. ONSD ultrasound has a potential role as a noninvasive, affordable bedside tool for predicting brain pathology and death in TBM.
A Meta-analysis on the Role of Children in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Household Transmission Clusters
Authors: Zhu Yanshan , Bloxham Conor J , Hulme Katina D , Sinclair Jane E , Tong Zhen Wei Marcus , Steele Lauren E , Noye Ellesandra C , Lu Jiahai , Xia Yao , Chew Keng Yih , Pickering Janessa , Gilks Charles , Bowen Asha C , Short Kirsty R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The role of children in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains highly controversial. To address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of the published literature on household SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters (n = 213 from 12 countries). Only 8 (3.8%) transmission clusters were identified as having a pediatric index case. Asymptomatic index cases were associated with a lower secondary attack in contacts than symptomatic index cases (estimate risk ratio [RR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.29). To determine the susceptibility of children to household infections the secondary attack rate in pediatric household contacts was assessed. The secondary attack rate in pediatric household contacts was lower than in adult household contacts (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.91). These data have important implications for the ongoing management of the COVID-19 pandemic, including potential vaccine prioritization strategies.
Wound-healing capabilities of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and implications for conservation management
Authors: Womersley Freya , Hancock James , Perry Cameron T , Rowat David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wound healing is important for marine taxa such as elasmobranchs, which can incur a range of natural and anthropogenic wounds throughout their life history. There is evidence that this group shows a high capacity for external wound healing. However, anthropogenic wounds may become more frequent due to increasing commercial and recreational marine activities. Whale sharks are particularly at risk of attaining injuries given their use of surface waters and wildlife tourism interest. There is limited understanding as to how whale sharks recover from injuries, and often insights are confined to singular opportunistic observations. The present study makes use of a unique and valuable photographic data source from two whale shark aggregation sites in the Indian Ocean. Successional injury-healing progression cases were reviewed to investigate the characteristics of injuries and quantify a coarse healing timeframe. Wounds were measured over time using an image standardization method. This work shows that by Day 25 major injury surface area decreased by an average of 56% and the most rapid healing case showed a surface area reduction of 50% in 4 days. All wounds reached a point of 90% surface area closure by Day 35. There were differences in healing rate based on wound type, with lacerations and abrasions taking 50 and 22 days to reach 90% healing, respectively. This study provides baseline information for wound healing in whale sharks and the methods proposed could act as a foundation for future research. Use of a detailed classification system, as presented here, may also assist in ocean scale injury comparisons between research groups and aid reliable descriptive data. Such findings can contribute to discussions regarding appropriate management in aggregation areas with an aim to reduce the likelihood of injuries, such as those resulting from vessel collisions, in these regions or during movements between coastal waters.
Use of high-density activation and voltage mapping in combination with entrainment to delineate gap-related atrial tachycardias post atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Vlachos Konstantinos , Efremidis Michael , Derval Nicolas , Martin Claire A , Takigawa Masateru , Bazoukis George , Frontera Antonio , Gkalapis Charis , Duchateau Josselin , Nakashima Takashi , Letsas Konstantinos P , Mililis Panagiotis , Pambrun Thomas , Bourier Felix , André Clémentine , Krisai Philipp , Ramirez F Daniel , Kamakura Tsukasa , Takagi Takamitsu , Nakatani Yosuke , Kitamura Takeshi , Cheniti Ghassen , Sacher Frédéric , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
An incomplete understanding of the mechanism of atrial tachycardia (AT) is a major determinant of ablation failure. We systematically evaluated the mechanisms of AT using ultra-high-resolution mapping in a large cohort of patients.

Methods and results
We included 107 consecutive patients (mean age: 65.7 ± 9.2 years, males: 81 patients) with documented endocardial gap-related AT after left atrial ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We analysed the mechanism of 134 AT (94 macro-re-entries and 40 localized re-entries) using high-resolution activation mapping in combination with high-density voltage and entrainment mapping. Voltage in the conducting channels may be extremely low, even &lt;0.1 mV (0.14 ± 0.095 mV, 51 of 134 AT, 41%), and almost always &lt;0.5 mV (0.03–0.5 mV, 133 of 134 AT, 99.3%). The use of multipolar Orion, HDGrid, and Pentaray catheters improved our accuracy in delineating ultra-low-voltage areas critical for maintenance of the circuit of endocardial gap-related AT. Conventional ablation catheters often do not detect any signal (noise level) even using adequate contact force, and only multipolar catheters of small electrodes and shorter interelectrode space can detect clear fractionated low-amplitude and high frequency signals, critical for re-entry maintenance. We performed a diagnosis in 112 out of 134 AT (83.6%) using only activation mapping and in 134 out of 134 AT (100%) using the combination of activation and entrainment mapping.

Conclusion
High-resolution activation mapping in combination with high-density voltage and entrainment mapping is the ideal strategy to delineate the critical part of the circuit in endocardial gap-related re-entrant AT after AF ablation.