bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatically assessed P‐wave predicts cardiac events independently of left atrial enlargement in patients with cardiovascular risks: The Japan Morning Surge‐Home Blood Pressure Study
Authors: Yokota Ayako , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA prolonged P‐wave in electrocardiography (ECG) reflects atrial remodeling and predicts the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors enrolled 810 subjects in the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J‐HOP) study who had ≥1 cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. The duration of P‐wave was automatically analyzed by standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram. Left atrial (LA) enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were measured on echocardiography. The primary end points were fatal/nonfatal cardiac events: myocardial infarction, sudden death, and hospitalization for heart failure. The maximum P‐wave duration (Pmax) from the 12 leads was selected for analysis. The authors compared four prolonged P‐wave cutoffs (Pmax = 120, 130, 140, 150 ms) and cardiac events. LA diameter and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were significantly associated with Pmax (r = 0.08, P = .02 and r = 0.17, P < .001, respectively). When the cutoff level was Pmax 120 or 130 ms, prolonged P‐wave was not associated with cardiac events (P = .45 and P = .10), but when a prolonged P‐wave was defined as Pmax ≥ 140 ms (n = 50) or Pmax ≥ 150 ms (n = 19), the patients in those groups had significantly higher incidence of cardiac events than others (P < .001 and P = .03). A Cox proportional hazards model including age, gender, body mass index, smoking, regular drinker, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, office systolic blood pressure, heart rate, LA enlargement, and LVH revealed that prolonged P‐wave defined as Pmax ≥ 140 ms was independently associated with cardiac events (hazard ratio: 4.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.30–13.77; P = .02). In conclusion, the automatically assessed prolonged P‐wave was associated with cardiac events independently of LA enlargement and LVH in Japanese patients with CV risks.
Hypertension in a multi‐ethnic Asian population of Singapore
Authors: Chan Gek Cher , Teo Boon Wee , Tay Jam Chin , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Turana Yuda , Kario Kazuomi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Tsoi Kelvin , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Nailes Jennifer ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of hypertension varies by country and region, but it remains a leading yet modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There are many factors that contribute to the burden of hypertension in Asia, a region with diverse ethnicity. It has been shown that sociodemographic variability is related to ethnic differences, thereby emphasizing the importance of hypertension screening and educating at‐risk or vulnerable groups. In this review, we describe the ethnic differences in genetic variants, dietary choice, and lifestyle habits, as well as its association with sociodemographic differences, hypertension awareness, and treatment control.
Efficacy of focused radiofrequency with ultrasound in body contouring: A study of 64 patients
Authors: Hugul Huray , Oba Muazzez Cigdem , Kutlubay Zekayi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnergy‐based devices are increasingly used for noninvasive body contouring. Our aim was to investigate the clinical efficacy of combined radiofrequency and ultrasound device for reduction in body circumference in various body parts.AimsThe aim of our study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of combined focused radiofrequency and ultrasound device for reduction in body circumference in various body parts. We aimed to report objective measurements in terms of circumference reduction and patient satisfaction scores.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of 64 patients who were treated with focused radiofrequency and ultrasound device during August 2017‐December 2019. All patients had received 4 sessions at one‐week interval. Body circumference measurements were done before treatment and one month after the last session. Patients were also asked to score their satisfaction with the result of treatment on a scale of 1 to 5.ResultsAbdomen was treated in 40 patients, thighs in 18 patients, and arms in 7 patients. One patient had received treatments to both abdomen and thighs. Circumference measurements in all body parts differed significantly between baseline and one month after the 4th session. Patients were satisfied with the result of treatment (score: 4.48 ± 0.66). No adverse events were noted.ConclusionsFocused radiofrequency and ultrasound combination is a safe and effective treatment modality for body contouring. Patients should be informed about moderate degrees of improvement.
Phylogeography of the widespread fern Lemmaphyllum in East Asia: species differentiation and population dynamics in response to change in climate and geography
Authors: Wei Xue‐Ping , Zhang Xian‐Chun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPast climatic oscillations and complex geodynamic processes had tremendous effects on the current distributions of species in East Asia. Previous studies have revealed that spermatophytes experienced different demographic histories and survived in multiple refuges. However, very few studies involving ferns have been conducted over a large geographical area like East Asia. The monophyletic epiphytic fern genus Lemmaphyllum, which is composed of four species, is widespread in East Asia and offers a good model for exploring how geoclimatic oscillations influence the diversification and demographic history of fern species. We studied the phylogeography of Lemmaphyllum based on 115 populations using plastid sequences and ecological niche modeling. A total of 91 haplotypes were found in Lemmaphyllum. Molecular clock estimation revealed that speciation coincided with the three phases of the Qingzang Movement at beginning of the third uplift of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The “Tanaka‐Kaiyong Line” demarcated lineages within L. carnosum. The split of the mainland and island lineages of L. rostratum and L. carnosum var. microphyllum may have resulted from ancestral isolation whereby land‐bridges acted as a “barrier” rather than as a “corridor” between mainland and island lineages. Multiple glacial refuges such as Sichuan Basin, Jinggangshan region, YGG region, HDM region, and the islands of the China East Sea during the LGM were revealed. The entities of Lemmaphyllum experienced species‐specific demographic histories in response to the Pleistocene climate change. The case study of epiphytic ferns may provide evidences for understanding the migration of evergreen broad‐leaf forest under climate oscillation.
Identification of neurogenic intestinal motility patterns in silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) that persist over wide temperature ranges
Authors: Jones Bradley S. , Keightley Lauren J. , Harris James O. , Wiklendt Lukasz , Spencer Nick J. , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFish are increasingly being utilized as a model species for genetic manipulation studies related to gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Our aim was to identify whether patterns of GI motility in fish and the mechanisms underlying their generation are similar to those recorded from mammals (including humans).MethodsThe entire intestine was removed from euthanized adult Silver Perch (n = 11) and lesioned at the midway point to obtain two equal lengths. Proximal and distal segments were studied separately in organ baths with oxygenated Krebs solution, maintained at either 15°C (n = 5) or 25°C (n = 6). Motility was analyzed during rest, after oral infusion of Krebs solution, and after application of hexamethonium (100 µM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.6 µM).Key ResultsAntegrade and retrograde propagating contractions (PC) were recorded in all preparations. In the proximal intestine, at 15 and 25°C, retrograde PCs occurred at 2.7 [1.7–4.5] and 3.1 [1.6–6.5] times the frequency of antegrade PCs, respectively. Colder temperatures did not inhibit PC frequency. Hexamethonium did not inhibit PC, and however, TTX abolished all contractile activity.Conclusions and InferencesBoth neurogenic antegrade and retrograde propagating contractions occur throughout the intestine of Silver Perch. However, unlike the mammalian colon, these motor patterns do not require enteric nicotinic transmission and they are not inhibited by cold temperatures (15°C). Therefore, while the GI motility patterns in Silver Perch resemble those recorded from the colon of mammals, there may be differences in the mechanisms that underlying their generation.
What is new in Chicago Classification version 4.0?
Authors: Yadlapati Rena , Pandolfino John E. , Fox Mark R. , Bredenoord Albert J. , Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSince publication of Chicago Classification version 3.0 in 2015, the clinical and research applications of high‐resolution manometry (HRM) have expanded. In order to update the Chicago Classification, an International HRM Working Group consisting of 52 diverse experts worked for two years and utilized formally validated methodologies. Compared with the prior iteration, there are four key modifications in Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0). First, further manometric and non‐manometric evaluation is required to arrive at a conclusive, actionable diagnosis of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (EGJOO). Second, EGJOO, distal esophageal spasm, and hypercontractile esophagus are three manometric patterns that must be accompanied by obstructive esophageal symptoms of dysphagia and/or non‐cardiac chest pain to be considered clinically relevant. Third, the standardized manometric protocol should ideally include supine and upright positions as well as additional manometric maneuvers such as the multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge. Solid test swallows, postprandial testing, and pharmacologic provocation can also be considered for particular conditions. Finally, the definition of ineffective esophageal motility is more stringent and now encompasses fragmented peristalsis. Hence, CCv4.0 no longer distinguishes between major versus minor motility disorders but simply separates disorders of EGJ outflow from disorders of peristalsis.
Comparative evaluation of one‐handed versus two‐handed mask holding techniques in children during inhalational induction of anesthesia: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Choudhry Dinesh K. , Brenn B. Randall , Sacks Karen , Lutwin‐Kawalec Malgorzata , Aaronson Nicole L. , Rahman Tariq 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate if two‐handed mask airway is superior to one‐handed mask airway during inhalational induction of anesthesia in children.MethodsA randomized, two period, crossover study was performed on 60 children aged 1‐8 years, with obstructive sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy, scheduled for adenotonsillectomy. Children were assigned to two study sequences and one control sequence of 20 subjects each. A control sequence was added to evaluate the effect of anesthetic depth. Sequence 1: One‐handed followed by two‐handed airway, 30 seconds each; Sequence 2: two‐handed followed by one‐handed airway, 30 seconds each and Sequence 3: two‐handed airway, for 60 seconds. The work of breathing indices, phase angle, and labored breathing index were recorded using respiratory inductance plethysmography. Additional outcome measures were tidal volume, minute ventilation, and respiratory rate. A straight comparison and a crossover analysis was performed.ResultsThe initial comparison revealed that one‐handed airway had greater phase angle (mean diff. 17.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07‐33.68; P = .034), greater labored breathing index (mean diff. 0.56; 95% CI 0.16‐1.04; P = .004),lower minute ventilation (mean diff. −1567; 95% CI −2695 to −5.4; P = .004),and lower tidal volume (mean diff. −39; 95% CI −2.7 to −5.4; P = .02) than two‐handed airway. On crossover analysis, within‐subject difference in the phase angle was greater during one‐handed than two‐handed airway (34.3; 95% CI 8.46‐60.14; P = .01) as was labored breathing index (mean diff. 1.2; 95% CI 0.39‐2.00; P < .0046).Minute ventilation was lower during one‐handed than two‐handed airway (mean diff. −3359; 95% CI −4363 to −2355, P < 0.0001) as was tidal volume(mean diff. −78; 95% CI −110.4 to −45.8; P < .0001).ConclusionIn children with obstructive sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy, two‐handed airway provides superior airway patency that was not influenced by the anesthetic depth.
Promoting bone health in children and adolescents following solid organ transplantation
Authors: Kusumi Kirstin , Shaikhkhalil Ala , Patel Hiren P. , Mahan John D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolid organ transplantation in children and adolescents provides many benefits through improving critical organ function, including better growth, development, cardiovascular status, and quality of life. Unfortunately, bone status may be adversely affected even when overall status is improving, due to issues with pre‐existing bone disease as well as medications and nutritional challenges inherent post‐transplantation. For all children and adolescents, bone status entering adulthood is a critical determinant of bone health through adulthood. The overall health and bone status of transplant recipients benefits from attention to regular physical activity, good nutrition, adequate calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and vitamin D intake and avoidance/minimization of soda, extra sodium, and obesity. Many immunosuppressive agents, especially glucocorticoids, can adversely affect bone function and development. Minimizing exposure to “bone‐toxic” medications is an important part of promoting bone health in children post‐transplantation. Existing guidelines detail how regular monitoring of bone status and biochemical markers can help detect bone abnormalities early and facilitate valuable bone‐directed interventions. Attention to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, as well as tapering and withdrawing glucocorticoids as early as possible after transplant, can provide best bone outcomes for these children. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry can be useful to detect abnormal bone mass and fracture risk in this population and newer bone assessment methods are being evaluated in children at risk for poor bone outcomes. Newer bone therapies being explored in adults with transplants, particularly bisphosphonates and the RANKL inhibitor denosumab, may offer promise for children with low bone mass post‐transplantation.
Lufenuron indirectly downregulates Vitellogenin in the boll weevil females reducing egg viability
Authors: Cruz Glaucilane S. , Wanderley‐Teixeira Valéria , Antonino José Dijair , Gonçalves Gabriel G. A. , Costa Hilton N. , Ferreira Maria Clara N. , Neto Clovis L. , Alves Luiz C. , Santos Fábio André B. , Teixeira Álvaro A. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLufenuron, a molecule that belongs to the chitin synthesis inhibitors group of insect growth regulators, has a still unclear mode of action, but probably it affects chitin synthesis at a post‐transcriptional level. In this work, we report the effects of lufenuron on nutrition and reproduction in adult females of Anthonomus grandis, the main neotropical cotton pest and tried to link the effects on peritrophic matrix (PM) with egg viability. After Lufenuron treatment A. grandis females presented weight loss and less accumulation of protein and lipids probably due to PM breakdown. Also, treated females produce the same quantity of eggs as the control, although eggs from lufenuron‐treated females were less viable. After morphological and histochemical analysis, we have noticed that oocytes from lufenuron‐treated females contained less protein. Finally, lufenuron‐treated females produced at least nine times less vitellogenin (AgraVg) RNA than control females. We specifically showed that lufenuron treatment caused PM disruption and it has probably led to vitellogenin (AgraVg) downregulation in females culminating in egg unviability. The effect of lufenuron on PM leads to insect malnutrition, and this malnutrition downregulates vitellogenin among other genes. This is the first work that describes and tries to correlate the lufenuron effects on adult females.
Future Proofing a Building Design using History Matching Inspired Level-set Techniques
Authors: Baker Evan , Challenor Peter , Eames Matt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHow can one design a building that will be sufficiently protected against overheating and sufficiently energy efficient, whilst considering the expected increases in temperature due to climate change? We successfully manage to address this question—greatly reducing a large set of initial candidate building designs down to a small set of acceptable buildings. We do this using a complex computer model, statistical models of said computer model (emulators), and a modification to the history matching calibration technique. This modification tackles the problem of level-set estimation (rather than calibration), where the goal is to find input settings which lead to the simulated output being below some threshold. The entire procedure allows us to present a practitioner with a set of acceptable building designs, with the final design chosen based on other requirements (subjective or otherwise).
Why did some larger benthic foraminifera become so large and flat?
Authors: Hallock Pamela , Seddighi Mona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiostromes and low‐relief bioherms, some of which are characterized by exceptionally large, flat specimens of larger benthic foraminifera, are common in Palaeogene and Miocene carbonates, most notably those deposited along the Neotethys Seaway and tropical Pacific islands. By incorporating insights from palaeoceanographic research and the biology of living larger benthic foraminifera, a scenario is proposed that can account for palaeontological and sedimentological features while augmenting previous interpretations. Sexual reproduction by gamete broadcasting is common in foraminiferal taxa, including extant Nummulitidae and Amphisteginidae. Resultant zygotes can develop into tiny, resistant, easily dispersed propagules that recruit in suitable benthic‐environmental conditions. The role of algal symbiosis in the biology of larger benthic foraminifera is well‐documented. Palaeoceanographically, such taxa proliferated during times of reduced thermal stratification of the oceans. In regions with exceptionally clear, nutrient‐depleted waters, ‘twilight‐zone’ light penetration was sufficient, at least intermittently, to support some photosynthesis. On outer‐shelf or promontory sites at depths of ca 100 to 200 m, the tiny propagules of larger benthic foraminiferal species, incorporating algal symbionts with the lowest light requirements, could have settled and recruited, growing very slowly, nourished by feeding on bacteria and the limited photosynthate produced by their algal symbionts. Under such conditions, thin microspheric individuals of one or two larger benthic foraminiferal taxa could have survived and grown slowly over several years to very large shell diameters, seldom reproducing asexually. Resulting carbonate accumulation rates would have been very slow, such that even rare disturbances by currents, major storms or internal waves could have produced evidence of winnowing and sedimentary structures. The fossil evidence of such habitats should include biostromes or possibly low‐relief bioherms of low diversity assemblages characterized by abundant, exceptionally large, flat, microspheric larger benthic foraminifera.
Deconvoluting apocarotenoid‐mediated retrograde signaling networks regulating plastid translation and leaf development
Authors: Escobar‐Tovar Lina , Sierra Julio , Hernández‐Muñoz Arihel , McQuinn Ryan P. , Mathioni Sandra , Cordoba Elizabeth , Colas des Francs‐Small Catherine , Meyers Blake C. , Pogson Barry , León Patricia 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYSignals originating within plastids modulate organelle differentiation by transcriptionally regulating nuclear‐encoded genes. These retrograde signals are also integral regulators of plant development, including leaf morphology. The clb5 mutant displays severe leaf morphology defects due to Apocarotenoid Signal 1 (ACS1) accumulation in the developmentally arrested plastid. Transcriptomic analysis of clb5 validates that ACS1 accumulation deregulates hundreds of nuclear genes, including the suppression of most genes encoding plastid ribosomal proteins. Herein, we order the molecular events causing the leaf phenotype associated with the accumulation of ACS1, which includes two consecutive retrograde signaling cascades. Firstly, ACS1 originating in the plastid drives inhibition of plastid translation (IPT) via nuclear transcriptome remodeling of chlororibosomal proteins, requiring light as an essential component. Subsequently, IPT results in leaf morphological defects via a GUN1‐dependent pathway shared with seedlings undergoing chemical IPT treatments and is restricted to an early window of the leaf development. Collectively, this work advances our understanding of the complexity within plastid retrograde signaling exemplified by sequential signal exchange and consequences that in a particular temporal and spatial context contribute to the modulation of leaf development.
Who starts the trade war? A theory of export controls and quid pro quo
Authors: Wang Zi , Zhou Yanling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChina has been accused of its quid pro quo policy which requires multinational firms to transfer technologies in return for market access. What is less well‐known is that developed countries have imposed export controls on a large variety of high‐tech products to China. We develop a simple two‐country model to understand the motives and consequences of these nontraditional trade and FDI policies. Under certain regularity conditions, we show that the coexistence of export controls and quid pro quo is the unique Nash equilibrium in this game. Comparing to the world without policy interventions, both countries are worse off in the noncooperative equilibrium. Therefore, both countries can benefit from international cooperation on knowledge sharing.
Comparison of diameter and length of subclavian arteries to external jugular veins in variably sized dogs: A cadaveric study
Authors: Chmelovski Rachel A. , Gordon‐Evans Wanda J. , Sanchez Elise D. , Coryell Jessi L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the length and diameter of a left external jugular vein graft as a substitute for the left subclavian artery in the modified Blalock‐Thomas‐Taussig shunt (mBTTS) in differently sized dogs.Study designCadaveric study.AnimalsDog cadavers of three weight categories (10/group): <9.5 kg, 9.5 to 27 kg, and > 27 kg.MethodsThe length and infused external diameters of harvested vessels were measured with vernier calipers and recorded. A matched‐pairsttest was used to test the difference in vessel lengths. The agreement in vessel diameters was assessed by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Pearson's correlation coefficients (CC) were determined for vessel diameter to weight category and vessel length to weight category.ResultsThe external jugular vein measured longer than the subclavian artery in all dogs (52.0 ± 20.8 mm and 23.0 ± 8.9 mm, respectively), with a mean difference of 28 ± 14.3 mm (P < .001). The mean external infused subclavian and external jugular diameters measured 7.8 ± 2.2 mm and 8.0 ± 2.5 mm, respectively (P= .32). Lin's CCC was 0.87. Pearson's CC were 0.74 in both vessel diameters (P< .001); they were 0.36 and 0.43, respectively, for subclavian artery and external juglar vein length (P< .001).ConclusionAutologous external jugular vein grafts had an external diameter similar to subclavian artery and a significantly longer length in variably sized dogs.Clinical significanceExternal jugular vein grafts may be an acceptable graft choice for mBTTS.