bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-Articular Adductor Canal Block Has Equivalent Analgesic Effect to Traditional Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Deyong , Zhang Dazhi , Jiang Yi , Yi Jun , Sun Ke , Shao Hongyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn adductor canal block (ACB) is widely accepted as a regional nerve block for pain management following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no consensus exists concerning whether the analgesic effect is greater when joint surgeons perform intra-articular ACBs (IA-ACBs) or when anesthesiologists perform ultrasound-guided ACBs (UG-ACBs). We hypothesized that IA-ACBs performed by joint surgeons and UG-ACBs performed by anesthesiologists based on periarticular injections (PAIs) would yield equivalent analgesic effects. This prospective randomized controlled trial included 61 patients who underwent IA-ACBs and 56 patients who received UG-ACB with additional PAI for post-TKA pain management. The primary outcome was postoperative pain assessed using numeric rating scale scores at rest and during exercise. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption and functional recovery. We also investigated local and systemic adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, and wound complications. Both groups of patients experienced comparable analgesic effects for both IA-ACB and UG-ACB pain management; however, those who received IA-ACBs were prescribed more opioid equivalents than those in the UG-ACB group on postoperative day 1 (p = 0.048). No differences between the groups were observed regarding local or systemic adverse events. IA-ACBs performed by joint surgeons provided equivalent analgesic effects to UG-ACBs performed by anesthesiologists. However, IA-ACBs may lead to a higher postoperative requirement for opioid analgesics.
Photocatalytic Defluorinative Borylation of α-(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes
Authors: Stavagna Chiara , Buettner Cornelia S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe defluorinative radical borylation of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes is a novel access to diverse difluoroalkene-aminoboranes in good yields. Using the boryl radical precursor borobetaine gives the key boryl radical that reacts with the α-(trifluoromethyl)styrene forming the initial C–B bond. Then a radical-polar crossover mechanism releases fluoride to provide a difluoroalkene product bearing the aminoborane synthetic handle. The difluoroalkene motif is of interest as a potent carbonyl bioisostere that has been shown to enhance biological activity and reactivity. The presence of the aminoborane moiety allows further functionalization such as Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of the borylated products, which is demonstrated using complex aryl bromides. Various post-functionalizations demonstrate difluoroalkene-aminoboranes to be valuable building blocks for the construction of complex, high-value molecules.
Market equilibrium with management costs and implications for insurance accounting
Authors: Florig Michael , Gossner Olivier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe examine a general equilibrium investment model in which agents incur management costs for holding assets. We characterize the influence of these costs on equilibrium prices as a weighted average of these costs for market participants. We then propose a correction method for this influence in valuation procedures used under regulatory frameworks, such as Solvency II. For insurers subject to Solvency II, the accounting correction amounts to approximately €130 billion, the equivalent of 1.8% of investments or 14% of own funds. These results not only contribute to the understanding of management costs in market equilibrium, but also highlight a distortion in current practices which discourages the holding of assets that are expensive to manage and typically inaccessible directly by policyholders.
Upgraded space and time resolved visible spectroscopic diagnostic on ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Modi Dipexa , Chowdhuri M. B. , Yadava N. , Kumar A. , Ramaiya N. , Gauttam A. , Rajvanshi U. , Rathor M. , Patel S. , Sheeba R. R. , Mayya K. B. K. , Pathak S. K. , Ghosh J. 
Published: December 2024

Poloidal asymmetries in neutral and impurity ion temperatures and particle and impurity transports have been observed in many tokamaks. To investigate these asymmetries, space-resolved visible spectroscopic diagnostic of the ADTIYA-U tokamak has been upgraded to measure the spatial profile of Hα and impurities spectral line profile, ion temperature, and plasma rotation from both low and high field sides of the plasma, simultaneously with a better spatial resolution. This has been done by developing a linear array of 15 optical fibers as compared to the present linear array of nine fibers having a core diameter of 400 μm and coupling it to the entrance slit of a 1 m long high-resolution spectrometer of the existing diagnostic. A sCMOS detector with a larger height has also been employed to record 15 tracks as compared to the nine tracks when the spectrometer was coupled to a CCD detector having a size of 26.6 × 6.6 mm. The spatial profile of the Hα spectral line from the low and high field sides of the ADITYA-U plasma has been now recorded at every 20 ms to investigate neutral particle dynamics.
A table-top high-sensitivity gyroscope based on slow light and cavity enhanced photon drag
Authors: She Min , Tang Jiangshan , Xia Keyu 
Published: December 2024

A high-sensitivity gyroscope is vital for both investigation of the fundamental physics and monitoring of the subtle variation of Earth’s behaviors. However, it is a challenge to realize a portable gyroscope with sensitivity approaching a small fraction of the Earth’s rotation rate. Here, we theoretically propose a method for implementing a table-top gyroscope with remarkably high sensitivity based on photon drag in a rotating dielectric object. By inserting an Er3+-doped glass rod in a Fabry–Pérot optical cavity with only 20 cm length, we theoretically show that the giant group refractive index and the narrowing cavity linewidth due to slow light can essentially increase the nonreciprocal phase shift due to the photon drag to achieve a rotation sensitivity of 26 frad/s/Hz. This work paves the way to accurately detect tiny variations of the Earth’s rotation rate and orientation and even can test the geodetic and frame-dragging effects predicted by the general relativity with small-volume equipment.
Editorial: Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Richards Shauna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This collection of case studies outlines the status of One Health in twelve countries in Eastern and Southern Africa considering four thematic areas: (i) research and innovation, (ii) governance, (iii) education, and (iv) implementation. The cases demonstrate each country’s results alongside their challenges and priorities for One Health.

Information
© The Author 2024
“Since When Do Gos Speak Francanglais?”: Youth Slang and Gender Ideologies in a Cameroonian YouTube Series
Authors: Telep Suzie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the semiotic representations of gender through the language practices of Cameroonian youth observed in Tu Know Ma Life (You know my life), a YouTube series popular among the French Cameroonian diaspora that follows the daily life of nine young middle- and upper-class Cameroonian immigrants (five women and four men) living in Paris. This series is regarded by its audience as an authentic representation of Cameroonian identity, partly due to its remarkable use of Francanglais, a hybrid youth slang spoken in Cameroon. I analyze how the mediatized representation of Francanglais practices in the first season of the YouTube series contributes to the linguistic construction of gender differentiations. I argue that through the highly gendered use of Francanglais and French by women and men, the series reproduces hegemonic gender ideologies while reinforcing the ideological association between Francanglais and hegemonic heterosexual masculinity.
Metric symmetry by design in general relativity
Authors: Toth Viktor T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The usual derivation of Einstein’s field equations from the Einstein–Hilbert action is performed by silently assuming the metric tensor’s symmetric character. If this symmetry is not assumed, the result is a new theory, such as Einstein’s attempted Unified Field Theory or Moffat’s Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory. Explicitly enforcing the constraint by means of a Lagrange-multiplier term restores Einstein’s field equations, but the multiplier appears as an additional, unconstrained antisymmetric term. We briefly discuss the possible significance of this term with respect to a nonvanishing cosmological angular momentum, a sourced spin current, the nonsymmetric nature of the Einstein pseudotensor characterizing the energy–momentum of the gravitational field, and possible implications on attempts to obtain a quantum theory of gravity.
Increasing spin–orbit torque efficiency by doping Pt: sub-monolayer insertions versus alloys
Authors: Janssens W , Carpenter R , Nguyen V D , Cai K , Agati M , Favia P , De Boeck J , Wostyn K , Couet S , Talmelli G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Spin–orbit torque magnetoresisitive random-access memory (SOT-MRAM) is a promising candidate as a non-volatile SRAM replacement. However, one of the biggest challenges that limits the SOT-MRAM application, is the relatively high current that is needed to switch the free layer. Pt is a promising SOT track material due to its low resistivity and compatibility with back end of line (BEOL) processes, though it has relatively low SOT-efficiency. A possible route to increase the SOT-efficiency of Pt is to dope it with another material. In this work, a comparative study is conducted between Pt with sub-monolayer insertions (local doping) and Pt-alloys (global doping), referred to as PtX. The structural differences between them lead to a different SOT-efficiency trend with respect to the content of the PtX layer. It is shown that in the Pt/X-insertions, a SOT-efficiency increase is obtained up to three sub-monolayer insertions and is relatively independent of the material X. On the other hand, the SOT-efficiencies in Pt-alloys are highly dependent on the material X. Compared to pure Pt, our results show that the SOT-efficiency of PtCu-alloys increases up to about three times, whereas PtCr-alloys show no significant enhancement. Furthermore, PtCu is a promising route towards BEOL compatible SOT-MRAMs, since it is shown that it can maintain the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 1 nm Co after 400 ∘C annealing, whilst maintaining an increased SOT-efficiency.
Simulation of metal nanoparticles growth in methane atmosphere of arc discharge: comparison to experiment
Authors: Nemchinsky V , Musikhin S , Raitses Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A direct current arc discharge in a methane atmosphere is a scalable and sustainable method to produce metal-carbon core–shell nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes, where a metal catalyst can be continuously supplied through evaporation of an anode made from the catalyst material. The size of catalyst particles is of critical importance as it can affect the synthesis yield and properties of nanotubes and core–shell nanoparticles. This study presents a numerical model describing the formation and growth of metal particles for the conditions representative of the arc discharge with an evaporating iron anode at near-atmospheric pressure of a methane-rich atmosphere. The model incorporates carbon adsorption to the metal surface and explains the limiting effect of carbon coverage on the size of metal nanoparticles. The predicted particle sizes are compared with experimental observations. The model also predicts higher concentrations of metal particles with the increasing partial pressure of methane.
Faraday rotation in a cavity integrated with layered van der collinear antiferromagnetic material
Authors: Da Haixia , Ye Huapeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two dimensional layered van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) and anti FM materials enable the alternative candidates for establishing the next-generation magnetooptical (MO) devices. However, the explorations of the MO effects are primarily focused on the layered FM materials and their nanostructures. How the MO responses behave in the structures with vdW layered anti FM materials remain largely unknown. Here, we identify that a layered collinear antiferromagnet supports the nontrivial MO Faraday rotation (FR) angle in the presence of the electric field instead of magnetic field due to its lifted spin degeneracy and asymmetric band structure at different valleys, whose value is comparable with those of vdW layered ferromagnets and closely correlates with the size of the electric field. Specifically, the FR angle of the layered collinear antiferromagnet can be substantially enhanced via integrating it into a cavity structure, which promises the chance of improving their MO performance. Our result highlights the fundamental opportunities of utilizing the collinear antiferromagnets for various MO applications ranging from magnetometry to high density holographic data storage.
Progress of anion redox in Na-rich layered transition metal oxides (Na2MO3) as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yin Junjun , Huang Shuping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Under the background of surging global demand for batteries and scarcity of Li resources, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting attention as a potential alternative with their unique advantages, and the layered transition metal (TM) oxides therein are considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials. In this paper, firstly, the diversity of cathode materials for SIBs is systematically introduced, as well as the layered oxide structures among them are categorized, and then it focuses on the O3-type sodium-rich Na2MO3, which is promising for large-scale commercial applications, illustrating the development and mechanism of anion redox. Excess Na transforms the TM layer into the mixed Na1/3M2/3O2 layer, leading to the formation of localized configuration Na–O–Na. Thereby, isolated nonhybridized O 2p states are introduced, which participate in the charge compensation process (O2−/O
n

−) under high-voltage conditions and provide the battery with additional capacity beyond the cation redox reaction. Therefore, the Na2MO3 formed by its TM element located in different periods are classified, discussed and summarized in terms of structural change characteristics, electrochemical properties and anion-redox mechanism. However, this particular redox mechanism is also accompanied by the challenges such as voltage hysteresis, irreversible oxygen loss, TM migration, capacity decay and poor air stability. Therefore, to address these challenges, various improvement strategies have been proposed, including doping of large radius metal ions, light metal ions, TM ions with high covalency with O, nonmetal ions, formation of mixed phases, and surface modification. This work is expected to provide new ways to find and design novel high-capacity Na-rich layered oxide cathode materials.
Comprehensive evaluation of lens and planar circular ultrasonic transducer combinations to enhance C-scan imaging: a phantom study at 10 and 15 MHz
Authors: Elmina Bernadette Carolina Fritzie , Baik Kyungmin , Yusof Nurhalawa Md , Samiudin Nafra M , Doh Il , Kim Yong Tae 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the imaging capabilities of four polydimethylsiloxane-based acoustic lenses with subsonic refractive indices, focusing on a spherical lens and three designed aspherical lenses with varying focus. Approach. We investigated a spherical lens with a radius curvature of 8 mm (SL-R8), two aspherical lenses with focal lengths of 15 mm and 10 mm (AL15 and AL10), and an aspherical folding lens with a focal length of 10 mm (AFL10). The equation cross-section profile of an aspherical lens is calculated using the assumption that all trajectories passing through the lens have the same flight duration when they reach the focal point. Furthermore, we observed that we can fold this aspherical lens without greatly diminishing its focusing capability. Utilizing circular planar ultrasonic transducers at frequencies of 10 MHz and 15 MHz, we examined the reflected waveforms via pulse-echo tests and measured focal points and beam widths using a needle hydrophone in the acoustic intensity measurement system. The target resolution was assessed using a C-Scan imaging system. Main results. Analysis of the axial and lateral beam profiles revealed that AFL10 and AL10 lenses exhibited narrower beam widths at the focal point. We evaluate the AFL10 and AL10 lenses combined with a 15 MHz transducer for preclinical testing using standard medical phantoms containing microparticles in gelatin- and agar-based matrices. In conclusion, using these twocombinations, C-Scan imaging successfully formed a 25 µm backscatter inside the phantom image. Significance. Due to their high-resolution capabilities, applying cross-sectional profile equations in the lateral plane of the lens surface in linear ultrasonic array probes offers promises for early-stage medical diagnostics.
Groundwater flow velocity and direction measurement sensor based on an equivalent pendulum model and visual measurement
Authors: Tang Zheng , Chen Qili , Li Zhuorun , Wang Kunsheng , Qiu Pengcheng , Li Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Groundwater plays a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of landslide disasters. To efficiently and environmentally acquire information about groundwater flow velocity and direction, a novel method is proposed that integrates the equivalent pendulum model with visual measurement technology. This method is based on the principle that a tethered buoyant sphere will experience drag and deviate from its initial position until a state of equilibrium is reached when the viscous fluid flows around the sphere. To measure the offset and the angular deviation of the buoyant sphere, a visual technique is employed. Research findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the buoyant sphere’s offset and groundwater flow velocity. Measuring the angular deviation of the buoyant sphere determines the current heading. This approach exhibited significant accuracy during experimentation, with the sensor displaying a precision of 5.6% in measuring flow velocity within the range of 0–0.2 mm s−1, and ±4.31° in measuring flow direction. Compared to conventional methods, this technique allows for the convenient acquisition of groundwater flow velocity and direction data without the need for auxiliary tracing agents. Furthermore, its measurements remain unaffected by factors such as water quality, temperature, pressure, and salinity within hydrogeological boreholes, or environmental conditions, fulfilling the requirement for real-time monitoring of minimal flow rates and directions in landslide groundwater, rivers, and lakes.
A novel large-kernel residual grasp network for robot grasp detection
Authors: Jiang Yanshu , Fang Yanze , Deng Liwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Efficient and accurate grasping remains a significant challenge due to the diverse object shapes, sizes, and poses encountered in practical scenarios. Previous grasp detection methods were limited regarding receptive fields. They have demonstrated insufficient capability in extracting relevant grasp features and have not effectively leveraged multi-scale features, resulting in limited detection accuracy. This paper introduces the large-kernel residual grasp network (LKRG-Net), a novel network designed to address these challenges by integrating advanced feature extraction and fusion techniques. Firstly, the proposed model utilizes a dual-encoding UniRepLKNet-ResNet50 backbone encoding grasp features at global and local levels, ensuring comprehensive extraction of relevant characteristics. Secondly, a grasp fusion splicing module effectively splices and merges the dual-encoded feature loss of crucial information. Finally, a selective fusion feature pyramid network decoding multi-scale feature information enhances the utilization of shallow features while altering the information. Comprehensive testing on the Cornell Jacquard and Jacquard_V2 datasets shows that LKRG-Net surpasses existing advanced methods in accuracy and robustness. Grasping detection experiments conducted in real object scenarios further confirm the model’s effectiveness in dynamic environments, providing a solid foundation for future advancements in robotic grasping tasks. The code can be obtained at the following address. https://github.com/Fyzyukk/LKRG-Net.
Spectral characterization and comparison of EBT3, EBT4, and EBT-XD radiochromic films
Authors: Pecić S , Dević S , Belča I , Mošić M , Kurij Lj , Nidžović B , Stojadinović S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study analyzed the spectral response of EBT3, EBT4, and EBT-XD radiochromic films using absorption spectroscopy. The primary focus was on characterizing the evolution of spectral signatures across a range of absorbed doses, thereby elucidating the unique dose-dependent response profiles of each film type. Ten samples of each film type were subjected to open field irradiation within their designated dose ranges (1–20 Gy for EBT3 and EBT4, 1–50 Gy for EBT-XD). The corresponding absorption spectra were recorded and studied via decomposition and parameterization of dose-dependent spectral features. Lorentzian profiles were employed for spectral decomposition. Each film type displayed unique spectral signatures with distinct absorption peaks: nine for EBT3, eleven for EBT4, and twelve constituent profiles for EBT-XD. Notably, the EBT4 film demonstrated a slight difference in the blue part of the absorption spectrum and a change in the response, relative to its EBT3 predecessor. Orientation dependence of the film spectra was most pronounced for the EBT3 film type, followed by a declining trend across EBT4 and EBT-XD films. Absorption spectroscopy portrayed distinct spectral fingerprints of the studied film types, aiding the selection of the most suitable film for specific applications.