bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Harlow Daniel , Jafferis Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this note we study the 1 + 1 dimensional Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in Lorentzian signature, explicitly constructing the gauge-invariant classical phase space and the quantum Hilbert space and Hamiltonian. We also semiclassically compute the Hartle-Hawking wave function in two different bases of this Hilbert space. We then use these results to illustrate the gravitational version of the factorization problem of AdS/CFT: the Hilbert space of the two-boundary system tensor-factorizes on the CFT side, which appears to be in tension with the existence of gauge constraints in the bulk. In this model the tension is acute: we argue that JT gravity is a sensible quantum theory, based on a well-defined Lorentzian bulk path integral, which has no CFT dual. In bulk language, it has wormholes but it does not have black hole microstates. It does however give some hint as to what could be added to rectify these issues, and we give an example of how this works using the SYK model. Finally we suggest that similar comments should apply to pure Einstein gravity in 2 + 1 dimensions, which we’d then conclude also cannot have a CFT dual, consistent with the results of Maloney and Witten.
To be, or not to be finite? The Higgs potential in Gauge-Higgs Unification
Authors: Hisano Junji , Shoji Yutaro , Yamada Atsuyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the finiteness of the Higgs effective potential in an SU($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) Gauge-Higgs Unification (GHU) model defined on M4× S1. We obtain the Higgs effective potential at the two-loop level and find that it is finite. We also discuss that the Higgs effective potential is generically divergent for three- or higher-loop levels. As an example, we consider an SU($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) gauge theory on M5× S1, where the one-loop corrections to the four-Fermi operators are divergent. We find that the Higgs effective potential depends on their counter terms at the three-loop level.
Classification of dark pion multiplets as dark matter candidates and collider phenomenology
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , di Cortona Giovanni Grilli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
New confining sectors can contain a set of pseudo-Goldstone mesons that exhibit a complicated structure in terms of stability and relative masses. Stable ones can act as dark matter candidates, while their interactions with the unstable ones determine their relic abundances. The overall structure, by specifying which channels are kinematically forbidden or not, affects the cosmology, constraints and collider phenomenology. In this paper, we present a classification of these pseudo-Goldstone meson structures. We find that the structures can be classified into three categories, corresponding to strong, suppressed and essentially non-existent constraints from indirect detection. Limits on decay lengths of the unstable mesons and dark jet properties are presented for several benchmark models.
Chain flexibility and dynamics of alginate solutions in different solvents
Authors: Maciel Bruna , Oelschlaeger Claude , Willenbacher Norbert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical rheometry, specifically rotational rheometry, squeeze flow, and capillary rheometry, and two microrheology methods, namely multiple-particle tracking (MPT) and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) have been used to get new insight into structural and dynamical properties of alginate dissolved in solvents widely used for bioprinting, namely deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) cell media. Results demonstrate that alginate rheological properties depend on the solvent quality at concentrations higher than 1 wt.%. In this high concentration regime, in aqueous salt-free and PBS solutions, experimental scaling exponents for the concentration dependence of the specific viscosity ηsp and the plateau modulus G0 agree well with theoretical predictions for neutral polymers in good solvent whereas for the terminal relaxation time TR, the exponent is slightly higher than theoretically predicted, presumably due to the formation of aggregates. For alginate dissolved in DMEM, all exponents for ηsp, G0, and TR agree with predictions for polymers in theta solvents, which might be related to the formation of polyelectrolyte complex as a result of interactions between alginate and amino acids. Chain persistence length lp values, as determined directly from high frequency rheometry for the first time, are independent of alginate concentration and temperature. Lower absolute lp values were found for DMEM solutions compared with the other solvents. Moreover, scaling exponents for ηsp, G0, and TR do not change with temperature, within 20 and 60 °C. These findings suggest no change in the conformation of alginate chains with temperature.
A detaching, V-shaped tibial tubercle osteotomy is a safe procedure with a low complication rate
Authors: Rood Akkie , van Sambeeck Jordy , Koëter Sander , van Kampen Albert , van de Groes Sebastiaan A. W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with recurrent patellar dislocations, a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) can be indicated to correct patella alta or an increased trochlear groove–tibial tubercle distance. Several surgical techniques are described. Previous studies emphasize that detaching osteotomies results in devascularisation, which can lead to non-union and tibial shaft fractures. The aim of this study was to report the complication rates directly related to the surgical technique of a V-shaped TTO, where the tubercle is completely released from its periosteum using a step-cut osteotomy.MethodsThe retrospective case series comprised a large cohort of 263 knees with patella alta in 203 patients who underwent a V-shaped TTO, with or without additional realignment procedures, between March 2004 and October 2017. Data were obtained from available patient files. Complications were defined as minor or major.ResultsThirteen major complications were registered (4.9%) including two tibial fractures (0.75%) and one non-union (0.37%). Five complications (1.9%) were defined as minor. Removal of the screws because of irritation or pain was seen in 22 cases (8.2%).ConclusionA V-shaped TTO is a safe procedure. The presumed higher risk for tibial fractures or pseudo-arthrosis could not be confirmed.
Neurocognition after prenatal levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamazepine or valproate exposure
Authors: Huber-Mollema Yfke , van Iterson Loretta , Oort Frans J. , Lindhout Dick , Rodenburg Roos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine neurocognitive functioning of children exposed prenatally to carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam or valproate monotherapy.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, children aged 6 or 7 years, identified from the European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy database in The Netherlands, were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the developmental neuropsychological assessment. Maternal IQ was measured using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Assessors were blinded to drug exposures.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-one children (one set of twins and 21 sibling pairs) of 139 mothers were included. As a group, children achieved average scores on neurocognitive outcomes. Children exposed to valproate (n = 22) performed lower on all six neurocognitive domains, especially language, than those exposed to carbamazepine (n = 32), lamotrigine (n = 82) or levetiracetam (n = 25). After controlling for maternal IQ and drug dose, the verbal IQ of valproate-exposed children was on average 9.1 points lower than those exposed to carbamazepine (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–17.0;p = 0.023), 10.3 lower than lamotrigine-exposed children (CI 3.4–17.3;p = 0.004) and 13.4 lower than levetiracetam-exposed children (CI 5.2–21.6;p = 0.002). No significant dose–effect was found. Virtually no significant differences were found between lamotrigine and levetiracetam or lamotrigine and carbamazepine exposed children.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, valproate-exposed children experienced more problems compared to three other common antiepileptic drugs, while children exposed to lamotrigine, carbamazepine or levetiracetam revealed little to no problems. This illustrates the need for systematic follow-up of prenatally exposed children, to support pre-pregnancy counseling and treatment decisions in women of reproductive age.
The use of endoluminal techniques in the revision of primary bariatric surgery procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Goh Yan Mei , James Nicole Ellen , Goh En Lin , Khanna Achal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Weight regain following primary bariatric surgery is attributed to anatomical, behavioural and hormonal factors. Dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis is a possible cause of weight regain after roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, surgical revision has significant risks with limited benefits. Endoluminal procedures have been suggested to manage weight regain post-surgery. This systematic review aims to assess efficacy of endoluminal procedures.

Methods
Studies where endoluminal procedures were performed following primary bariatric surgery were identified. Main outcome measures were mean weight loss pre- and post-procedure, excess weight loss, recurrence rates, success rates and post-procedure complications.

Results
Twenty-six studies were included in this review. Procedures identified were (i) endoluminal plication devices (ii) other techniques e.g. sclerotherapy, mucosal ablation, and Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) and (iii) combination therapy involving sclerotherapy/mucosal ablation/APC and endoscopic OverStitch device. Endoluminal plication devices show greatest initial weight loss within 12 months post-procedure, but not sustained at 18 months. Only one study utilising sclerotherapy showed greater sustained weight loss with peak EWL (19.9%) at 18 months follow-up. Combination therapy showed the greatest sustained EWL (36.4%) at 18 months. Endoluminal plication devices were more successfully performed in 91.8% of patients and had lower recurrence rates (5.02%) compared to sclerotherapy and APC, with 46.8% success and 21.5% recurrence rates. Both procedures demonstrate no major complications and low rates of moderate complications. Only mild complications were noted for combination therapy.

Conclusions
The paucity of good quality data limits our ability to demonstrate and support the long-term efficacy of endoluminal techniques in the management of weight regain following primary bariatric surgery. Future work is necessary to not only clarify the role of endoluminal plication devices, but also combination therapy in the management of weight regain following primary bariatric surgery.
Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Haney C. M. , Kowalewski K. F. , Schmidt M. W. , Koschny R. , Felinska E. A. , Kalkum E. , Probst P. , Diener M. K. , Müller-Stich B. P. , Hackert T. , Nickel F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
To compare outcomes of endoscopic and surgical treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) based on results of randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Background
Treatment of INP has changed in the last two decades with adoption of interventional, endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures for drainage and necrosectomy. However, this relies mostly on observational studies.

Methods
We performed a systematic review following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines and AMSTAR-2 criteria and searched CENTRAL, Medline and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trails that compared an endoscopic treatment to a surgical treatment for patients with infected walled-off necrosis and included one of the main outcomes were eligible for inclusion. The main outcomes were mortality and new onset multiple organ failure. Prospero registration ID: CRD42019126033

Results
Three RCTs with 190 patients were included. Intention to treat analysis showed no difference in mortality. However, patients in the endoscopic group had statistically significant lower odds of experiencing new onset multiple organ failure (odds ratio (OR) confidence interval [CI] 0.31 [0.10, 0.98]) and were statistically less likely to suffer from perforations of visceral organs or enterocutaneous fistulae (OR [CI] 0.31 [0.10, 0.93]), and pancreatic fistulae (OR [CI] 0.09 [0.03, 0.28]). Patients with endoscopic treatment had a statistically significant lower mean hospital stay (Mean difference [CI] − 7.86 days [− 14.49, − 1.22]). No differences in bleeding requiring intervention, incisional hernia, exocrine or endocrine insufficiency or ICU stay were apparent. Overall certainty of evidence was moderate.

Conclusion
There seem to be possible benefits of endoscopic treatment procedure. Given the heterogenous procedures in the surgical group as well as the low amount of randomized evidence, further studies are needed to evaluate the combination of different approaches and appropriate timepoints for interventions.
Guidance for the Integrated Use of Hydrological, Geochemical, and Isotopic Tools in Mining Operations
Authors: Wolkersdorfer Christian , Nordstrom Darrell Kirk , Beckie Roger Daniel , Cicerone Daniel S. , Elliot Trevor , Edraki Mansour , Valente Teresa , França Silvia Cristina Alves , Kumar Pramod , Lucero Ricardo Andrés Oyarzún , Soler i Gil Albert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper summarizes international state-of-the-art applications and opportunities for employing and deploying hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools in an integrated manner for investigations of mining operations. It is intended to aid formulation of more integrated approaches for evaluating the overall sustainability of mining projects. The focus is particularly on mine waters, including: environmental water sources, mine water dynamics, and as a source and vector for pollution in the wider environment. The guidance is generic to mining projects and not just reflective of a particular extraction (e.g. coal, metalliferous, uranium) industry. A mine life cycle perspective has been adopted to highlight the potential for more integrated investigations at each stage of a mining operation. Three types of mines have been considered: new (i.e. those in the planning stage), active (i.e. working mines), and historical mines (i.e. inactive and abandoned mines). The practical usage of geochemical analyses and isotopic studies described here emphasise characterisation, dynamics, and process understanding for water quality considerations in tandem with water resource and environmental impact implications. Both environmental (i.e. ambient) and applied (i.e. injected) tracers are considered. This guide is written for scientists (including isotope specialists) who have limited or no mine water experience, environmental managers, planners, consultants, and regulators with key interests in planned, active, and legacy mining projects.
Ethische Entscheidungen in zunehmend ökonomisierten Krankenhäusern
Authors: Alkatout Ibrahim , Strack Micha , Maass Nicolai , Boos Margarete , Hopf Norbert 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungWerden durch die Ökonomisierung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems medizinische Werte in den Hintergrund gedrängt? Im Rahmen einer Vignettenstudie wurde der Fall einer Verlängerung der Verweildauer einer älteren, noch nicht gänzlich genesenen Patientin vorgestellt. Zunächst sollte über die Verweildauer entschieden werden. Ergänzend hierzu wurde die Relevanz der medizinischen Richtigkeit, Einfühlvermögen für die Patientin und Identifikation mit dem Klinikum erhoben. Die Teilnehmenden (N = 1239) schreiben den Entscheidern die medizinische Korrektheit als wichtigstes Kriterium zu, gefolgt vom Einfühlungsvermögen. Je universalistischer die Werte der befragten Person, umso eher befürwortet sie ein verlängertes Verweilen der Patientin im Krankenhaus. Je sicherheitsorientierter, je weniger tolerant und weniger prosozial, umso eher würde vorzeitig entlassen. Insbesondere fürchten Studierende eine verfrühte Entlassung durch die Entscheidungen des Chefarztes. Dies ist jedoch als unbegründet zu werten. Aus den Zuschreibungen lässt sich interpretieren, dass sich ÄrztInnen im Laufe ihrer Ausbildung eine medizinethisch basierte, deontologisch fundierte Entscheidungsautonomie aneignen, die sich im Einzelfall auch aktuellen Regeln widersetzen kann.
Comparison of a Spectral Microphysics and a Two-Moment Cloud Scheme: Numerical Simulations of the Cloud-Topped Marine Boundary Layer
Authors: Bott Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA comparison between the spectral microphysics cloud scheme (MiStra) and the parametrized cloud scheme (PaStra) is presented. The main feature of MiStra consists of the treatment of aerosol particles, cloud droplets, and drizzle particles in a joint two-dimensional particle size distribution, whereas PaStra consists of a two-moment scheme for cloud droplets combined with a one-moment scheme for drizzle. Both cloud schemes have been implemented in a single-column model of the cloud-topped marine boundary layer. Numerical sensitivity studies are presented demonstrating that MiStra is capable of simulating in great detail the major cloud microphysical processes occurring in low-level stratiform clouds. While in MiStra no empirical parameter is available to tune the model, the empirical model parameters of PaStra have been tuned by means of the MiStra model results. By comparing the numerical results of PaStra with those of MiStra it is found that PaStra simulates the overall characteristics of the cloud-topped marine boundary layer quite well. At the same time, however, the effects of single cloud microphysical processes differ substantially from those of MiStra. Finally, it is shown that even in PaStra the inclusion of all major cloud microphysical processes is mandatory in order to obtain appropriate results.
Design and evaluation of a biologically-inspired cloud elasticity framework
Authors: Ullah Amjad , Li Jingpeng , Hussain Amir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe elasticity in cloud is essential to the effective management of computational resources as it enables readjustment at runtime to meet application demands. Over the years, researchers and practitioners have proposed many auto-scaling solutions using versatile techniques ranging from simple if-then-else based rules to sophisticated optimisation, control theory and machine learning based methods. However, despite an extensive range of existing elasticity research, the aim of implementing an efficient scaling technique that satisfies the actual demands is still a challenge to achieve. The existing methods suffer from issues like: (1) the lack of adaptability and static scaling behaviour whilst considering completely fixed approaches; (2) the burden of additional computational overhead, the inability to cope with the sudden changes in the workload behaviour and the preference of adaptability over reliability at runtime whilst considering the fully dynamic approaches; and (3) the lack of considering uncertainty aspects while designing auto-scaling solutions. In this paper, we aim to address these issues using a holistic biologically-inspired feedback switch controller. This method utilises multiple controllers and a switching mechanism, implemented using fuzzy system, that realises the selection of suitable controller at runtime. The fuzzy system also facilitates the design of qualitative elasticity rules. Furthermore, to improve the possibility of avoiding the oscillatory behaviour (a problem commonly associated with switch methodologies), this paper integrates a biologically-inspired computational model of action selection. Lastly, we identify seven different kinds of real workload patterns and utilise them to evaluate the performance of the proposed method against the state-of-the-art approaches. The obtained computational results demonstrate that the proposed method results in achieving better performance without incurring any additional cost in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Using system dynamics to support a participatory assessment of resilience
Authors: Herrera Hugo , Kopainsky Birgit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResilience has emerged as a buzzword among researchers and practitioners. However, despite its popularity, there has been little progress in moving it from a metaphor to applied projects. While case study research is rich with examples of systems that have proven to be resilient or are striving to develop resilience, the approaches for operationalising concepts described in the literature are still under development. This paper contributes to this development by incorporating system dynamics (SD) modelling within participatory approaches to resilience assessment. With this aim, we combined concepts and practices from the resilience literature with experiences, those documented in the literature and our own, applying system dynamics to resilience assessment. The proposed approach builds and complement other the literature by outlining a modelling process that is consistent with both the resilience literature and the SD modelling practices and providing a generic structure for designing interventions.
Enhancing reaction-based de novo design using a multi-label reaction class recommender
Authors: Ghiandoni Gian Marco , Bodkin Michael J. , Chen Beining , Hristozov Dimitar , Wallace James E. A. , Webster James , Gillet Valerie J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReaction-based de novo design refers to the in-silico generation of novel chemical structures by combining reagents using structural transformations derived from known reactions. The driver for using reaction-based transformations is to increase the likelihood of the designed molecules being synthetically accessible. We have previously described a reaction-based de novo design method based on reaction vectors which are transformation rules that are encoded automatically from reaction databases. A limitation of reaction vectors is that they account for structural changes that occur at the core of a reaction only, and they do not consider the presence of competing functionalities that can compromise the reaction outcome. Here, we present the development of a Reaction Class Recommender to enhance the reaction vector framework. The recommender is intended to be used as a filter on the reaction vectors that are applied during de novo design to reduce the combinatorial explosion of in-silico molecules produced while limiting the generated structures to those which are most likely to be synthesisable. The recommender has been validated using an external data set extracted from the recent medicinal chemistry literature and in two simulated de novo design experiments. Results suggest that the use of the recommender drastically reduces the number of solutions explored by the algorithm while preserving the chance of finding relevant solutions and increasing the global synthetic accessibility of the designed molecules.