bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inside ILSI: How Coca-Cola, Working through Its Scientific Nonprofit, Created a Global Science of Exercise for Obesity and Got It Embedded in Chinese Policy (1995–2015)
Authors: Greenhalgh Susan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContext: Industry influence on health science and policy is a critical issue of our day. In 2015 the New York Times revealed that Coca-Cola paid scientists to form a Global Energy Balance Network promoting the notion that exercise, not dietary restraint, is the solution to the obesity epidemic—a claim few accept. This article examines the organizational dynamics and policy process behind Coke's efforts to sway obesity policy—globally and in China, a critical market—during 1995–2015.Methods: In-depth, qualitative research during 2013–18 involved 10 weeks of fieldwork in Beijing, interviews with 25 leading experts, analysis of newsletters documenting all major obesity-related activities in China, interviews with 10 Euro-American experts, and extensive internet research on all major actors.Findings: This article tells two intertwined stories (institutional dynamics, science making and policy making) at global and local-Chinese levels. Coke succeeded in redirecting China's obesity science and policy to emphasize physical activity. Key to its success was the industry-funded global nonprofit International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI). Beneath ILSI's public narrative of unbiased science and no policy advocacy lay a maze of hidden channels companies used to advance their interests. Working through those channels, Coca-Cola influenced China's science making and policy making during every phase in the policy process, from framing the issues to drafting official policy.Conclusions: Though China is exceptional, ILSI promoted exercise globally, suggesting potentially significant impacts in other ILSI-branch countries.
Case Report: Multifocal non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features presenting in a female child
Authors: Abdou Asmaa Gaber , Aiad Hayam , Asaad Nancy 
Published: September 2020

Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was introduced as a separate entity by the World Health Organization in 2017 with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most NIFTP cases have been reported in adults and few cases have been diagnosed in children. Here, we present a classic case of NIFTP affecting a 10-year old female child. We also review previous reports of NIFTP in children regarding size, focality, nodal metastasis, recurrence, type of operation and follow-up data. The present report adds a new case of NIFTP in the paediatric age group characterized by multifocality, absence of nodal invasion and indolent course until last follow-up, recommending less aggressive management.
Immunohistochemical analysis of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold for the alveolar bone defect in Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Saskianti Tania , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Prahasanti Chiquita , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Suardita Ketut , Riawan Wibi 
Published: September 2020

Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold (CAS) may have multiple functions that could be used to regenerate the alveolar bone defects. The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of SHED and CAS in alveolar bone defects using an immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: ten three-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (R. novergicus) that weighed between 150–250 grams (g) were used as animal models. A simple blind random sampling method was used to select the sample that was assigned to the study group for CAS and SHED seeded in CAS (n=5). The animal study model of the alveolar bone was established by extracting the anterior mandible teeth. Rodent anesthesia was applied to relieve the pain during the procedure for all test animals. Immunohistochemistry was performed after seven days to facilitate the examination of the receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegrin (OPG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression. The data was analyzed using the unpaired t-test (p<0.01) and Pearson’s correlation test (p<0.05). Results: The OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin expressions were higher in SHED seeded in CAS than CAS only with a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01). Furthermore, the RANKL expression was lower in SHED seeded in CAS compared to CAS only. There was a strong reverse significant correlation between OPG and RANKL expression (p<0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteogenic marker expressing cells, such as OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin, increased. However, RANKL expression in the alveolar bone defects that were implanted with SHED seeded in CAS did not increase after seven days.
Space-log: a novel approach to inferring gene-gene net-works using SPACE model with log penalty
Authors: Wu Qian (Vicky) , Sun Wei , Hsu Li 
Published: September 2020

Gene expression data have been used to infer gene-gene networks (GGN) where an edge between two genes implies the conditional dependence of these two genes given all the other genes. Such gene-gene networks are of-ten referred to as gene regulatory networks since it may reveal expression regulation. Most of existing methods for identifying GGN employ penalized regression withL1 (lasso),L2 (ridge), or elastic net penalty, which spans the range ofL1 toL2 penalty. However, for high dimensional gene expression data, a penalty that spans the range ofL0 andL1 penalty, such as the log penalty, is often needed for variable selection consistency. Thus, we develop a novel method that em-ploys log penalty within the framework of an earlier network identification method space (Sparse PArtial Correlation Estimation), and implement it into a R packagespace-log. We show that thespace-logis computationally efficient (source code implemented in C), and has good performance comparing with other methods, particularly for networks with hubs.Space-logis open source and available at GitHub, https://github.com/wuqian77/SpaceLog
The 21st annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference (BOSC 2020, part of BCC2020)
Authors: Harris Nomi L. , Cock Peter J.A. , Fields Christopher J. , Hokamp Karsten , Maia Jessica , Munoz-Torres Monica , Taschuk Morgan , Yehudi Yo 
Published: September 2020

Launched in 2000 and held every year since, the Bioinformatics Open Source Conference (BOSC) is a volunteer-run meeting coordinated by the Open Bioinformatics Foundation (OBF) that covers open source software development and open science in bioinformatics. Most years, BOSC has been part of the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference, but in 2018, and again in 2020, BOSC partnered with the Galaxy Community Conference (GCC). This year’s combined BOSC + GCC conference was called the Bioinformatics Community Conference (BCC2020, bcc2020.github.io). Originally slated to take place in Toronto, Canada, BCC2020 was moved online due to COVID-19. The meeting started with a wide array of training sessions; continued with a main program of keynote presentations, talks, posters, Birds of a Feather, and more; and ended with four days of collaboration (CoFest). Efforts to make the meeting accessible and inclusive included very low registration fees, talks presented twice a day, and closed captioning for all videos. More than 800 people from 61 countries registered for at least one part of the meeting, which was held mostly in the Remo.co video-conferencing platform.
Surveillance of endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, OC43 and 229E) associated with childhood pneumonia in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Otieno Grieven P. , Murunga Nickson , Agoti Charles N. , Gallagher Katherine E. , Awori Juliet O. , Nokes D. James 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate endemically in human populations, often with seasonal variation. We describe the long-term patterns of paediatric disease associated with three of these viruses, HCoV-NL63, OC43 and 229E, in coastal Kenya. Methods: Continuous surveillance of pneumonia admissions was conducted at the Kilifi county hospital (KCH) located in the northern coastal region of Kenya. Children aged <5 years admitted to KCH with clinically defined syndromic severe or very severe pneumonia were recruited. Respiratory samples were taken and tested for 15 virus targets, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Unadjusted odds ratios were used to estimate the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and HCoV positivity. Results: From 2007 to 2019, we observed 11,445 pneumonia admissions, of which 314 (3.9%) tested positive for at least one of the HCoV types surveyed in the study. There were 129 (41.1%) OC43, 99 (31.5%) 229E, 74 (23.6%) NL63 positive cases and 12 (3.8%) cases of HCoV to HCoV coinfection. Among HCoV positive cases, 47% (n=147) were coinfected with other respiratory virus pathogens. The majority of HCoV cases were among children aged <1 year (66%, n=208), though there was was no change in the proportion infected by age. HCoV-OC43 was predominant of the three HCoV types throughout the surveillance period. Evidence for seasonality was not identified. Conclusions: Overall, 4% of paediatric pneumonia admissions were associated with three endemic HCoVs, with a high proportion of cases co-occurring with another respiratory virus, no clear seasonal pattern, and with the age-distribution of cases following that of pneumonia admissions (i.e. highest in infants). These observations suggest, at most, a small severe disease contribution of endemic HCoVs in this tropical setting and offer insight into their potential future burden and epidemiological characteristics.
Stop codon readthrough contexts influence reporter expression differentially depending on the presence of an IRES
Authors: Yordanova Martina M. , Loughran Gary , Atkins John F. , Baranov Pavel V. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Previously we reported the discovery of stop codon readthrough in AMD1 mRNA followed by ribosome stalling at the end of a conserved Open Reading Frame (AMD1 tail). To explain the severe suppression of reporters fused to AMD1 tail we proposed a mechanism invoking ribosome queueing. To test this hypothesis, we placed the reporter stop codon in the context of readthrough permissive sequences in a dual reporter vector with downstream reporter expression governed by EMCV IRES. In accordance with our hypothesis, we observed a striking disproportional reduction of upstream reporter activity in response to increased readthrough levels. Methods: Here we employ dual luciferase assay and western blotting to explore the effects of AMD1 tail and control sequences on reporter expression in dual and monocistronic reporter vectors. Results: With the dual reporter system, the disproportionate reduction of upstream reporter activity is not specific to AMD1 tail and occurs as long as the readthrough stop codon context is present at the end of the reporter’s ORF. The decreased reporter activity that appears to be induced by the readthrough sequence occurs only in reporters containing EMCV IRES. Monocistronic reporters with the same readthrough context sequence exhibit only a modest reduction in reporter activity. Furthermore, in monocistronic vectors, the disproportionate reduction of reporter levels greatly increased when AMD1 tail was translated as a result of readthrough. Such readthrough-mediated reduction was not observed when AMD1 tail was substituted with unrelated sequences in agreement with our original hypothesis. Conclusions: While our findings provide little new information regarding the functional role of AMD1 tail, they raise caution for the use of viral IRES elements in expression vectors for studying mechanisms of mRNA translation. These findings may also be pertinent to the natural properties of readthrough permissive sequences and of IRES elements, though these require a separate investigation.
Evidências de Validade da Escala de Autoeficácia da Bateria de Avaliação de Indicadores da Depressão Infantojuvenil
Authors: Nunes Daiane , Santos Laís , Faro André , Baptista Makilim Nunes 
Published: September 2020

Este estudo analisou evidências de validade da Escala de Autoeficácia da Bateria de Avaliação de Indicadores da Depressão Infatojuvenil, avaliou a validade divergente da escala em relação à depressão e examinou a distribuição social da autoeficácia segundo as variáveis sexo, idade e ano escolar. A amostra consistiu de 388 adolescentes, com idades entre 14 e 19 anos que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala de Autoeficácia. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória foi conduzida por meio do software Factor. Os resultados indicaram a unidimensionalidade da medida, explicando 56,3% de variância. Os índices de ajuste do modelo e o índice de confiabilidade foram satisfatórios. A avaliação da distribuição social mostrou que houve relações estatisticamente significativas quanto ao sexo e a idade. Constatou-se que a Escala de Autoeficácia apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, o que recomenda seu uso por parte da comunidade científica e profissional para futuras pesquisas, intervenções e avaliações da autoeficácia em adolescentes.
Toward Modeling of Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Precipitation, Urine, and Feces Deposition on Beef Cattle Feedyard Surfaces
Authors: Parker David B. , Casey Kenneth D. , Hales Kristin E. , Waldrip Heidi M. , Min Byeng , Cortus Erin L. , Woodbury Bryan L. , Spiehs Mindy , Meyer Beverly , Willis William 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsNitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas emitted from feedyard pen surfaces.Experiments were conducted to quantify nitrous oxide emissions from precipitation, urine, and feces.Nitrous oxide emissions from urine were about 30% of those from equal amounts of precipitation.Regression equations were developed for empirical modeling of emissions.Abstract. The amount of moisture deposited annually as urine (~320 mm) and feces (~95 mm) on typical semi-arid Texas beef cattle feedyard pens is considerable compared to the regional 470 mm mean annual precipitation. Precipitation is a primary factor affecting nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure, but specific effects of urine and feces deposition are unknown. The objectives of this research were to (1) quantify N2O emissions following precipitation, urine, and feces deposition on a dry feedyard manure surface, and (2) develop equations for future empirical modeling of these emissions. Four experiments (Exp.) were conducted using recirculating flux chambers to quantify N2O emissions. Exp. 1 had treatments (TRT) of water (W), artificial urine (AU), and two urines collected from beef cattle fed high-quality forage (FU) or corn-based concentrate (CU). Exp. 2 had TRT of W, AU, and two feces levels (Fx1 and Fx2). In Exp. 3, N2O emissions were quantified from fresh feces pats. In Exp. 4, the effect of rainfall pH on N2O emissions was evaluated. Results from Exp. 1 showed that the W TRT had the highest mean cumulative N2O emission, while AU, FU, and CU ranged from 31.0% to 70.0% of W on an equal volume-applied basis. There was little correlation between N2O emissions and urine or water nitrogen (N) content. In Exp. 2, W again had the highest cumulative N2O. Cumulative N2O emissions expressed per unit of water added were 29.0, 3.8, 4.5, and 5.1 mg N kg-1 water added for W, AU, Fx1, and Fx2, respectively. In Exp. 3, fresh feces pats emitted no direct N2O, but N2O originated from the dry manure beneath the feces pat due to wetting. In Exp. 4, the highest N2O emissions occurred at pH 5 and pH 8, with lower emissions at pH 6 and pH 7. This research has shown that the addition of moisture to the pen surface from urine and feces contributes considerably to N2O emissions as compared to precipitation alone. The following recommendations were developed for future empirical modeling purposes: (1) N2O emissions from urine should be calculated as 32.7% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water, and (2) N2O emissions resulting from the mass of water in feces should be calculated as 15.6% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water. Keywords: Beef cattle, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Nitrous oxide, Urine, Precipitation.
Using Machine Learning to Integrate On-Farm Sensors and Agro-Meteorology Networks into Site-Specific Decision Support
Authors: Kelley Jason , McCauley Dalyn , Alexander G. Aaron , Gray Wilton F. , Siegfried Rylie , Oldroyd Holly J. 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsMachine learning can incorporate a variety of data from low-cost sensors and estimate actual ET by comparison with short-term, higher-cost measurements.On-farm weather monitoring can be leveraged to estimate site-specific crop-water requirements.Expanding spatial coverage of weather and actual ET through on-farm monitoring will facilitate localization and leverage publicly available weather data to guide irrigation decisions and improve irrigation water management.Abstract. One of the basic challenges to adopting science-based irrigation scheduling is providing reliable, site-specific estimates of actual crop water demand. While agro-meteorology networks cover most agricultural production areas in the U.S., widely spaced stations represent regionally specific, rather than site-specific, conditions. A variety of low to moderate cost commercial weather stations are available but do not provide directly useful information, such as actual evapotranspiration (ETa), or the ability to incorporate additional sensors. We demonstrate that machine learning methods can provide real-time, site-specific information about ETa and crop water demand using on-farm sensors and public weather information. Two years of field experiments were conducted at four irrigated field sites with crops including snap beans, alfalfa, and pasture. On-farm data were compared to publicly available data originating at nearby agro-meteorology network stations. The machine learning procedure can robustly estimate ETa using data from a few basic sensors, but the resulting estimate is sensitive to the range of conditions that are used as training data. The results demonstrate that machine learning can be used with affordable sensors and publicly available data to improve local estimates of crop water demand when high-quality measurements can be co-located for short periods of time. Supplementary sensors can also be integrated into a tailored monitoring plan to estimate crop stress and other operational considerations. Keywords: Agro-meteorology, Irrigation requirement, Machine learning, Site-specific Irrigation.
Surface integrity control of laser cleaning of an aluminum alloy surface paint layer
Authors: Shan Teng , Yin Fengshi , Wang Sijie , Qiao Yulin , Liu Pengfei 
Published: September 2020

Removal of a paint layer of 2024 aluminum alloy was studied using a nanosecond fiber pulsed laser with a maximum power of 30 W and the influence of laser cleaning energy density on the surface integrity of the substrate was explored. The cleaning energy density threshold of the paint layer is

17.69

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/

c
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2

and the damage energy density threshold is

24.77

J

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c
m

2

. The optimum cleanliness and surface integrity of laser cleaning were obtained when the energy density was

21.23

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c
m

2

. Microhardness and Young’s modulus of the surface after laser cleaning were improved by 6% and 25%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the surface of the substrate after laser cleaning were significantly improved, which is an advantage for this high-quality non-destructive cleaning technology of the aircraft skin surface paint layer.
Fuseless side-pump combiner for efficient fluoride-based double-clad fiber pumping
Authors: Magnan-Saucier Sébastien , Duval Simon , Matte-Breton Charles , Aydin Yiğit Ozan , Fortin Vincent , LaRochelle Sophie , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal 
Published: September 2020

We report a novel technique for side-pumping fluoride-based double-clad fibers, allowing a record coupling efficiency of 93% and a maximum power handling near 100 W at 981 nm. Our simple technique is based on wrapping a silica taper around a fluoride fiber and, therefore, does not require any complex fusion between these two dissimilar fibers. Under passive cooling, pump combiners made of undoped and erbium-doped fluoride fibers were successfully operated during several hours at respective incident powers of 91 and 44 W. Heat management issues and active cooling strategies are also discussed. This innovative combiner is a keystone towards the development of compact and robust high-power mid-infrared fiber lasers and amplifiers.
Waveguide-integrated high-performance magneto-optical isolators and circulators on silicon nitride platforms
Authors: Yan Wei , Yang Yucong , Liu Shuyuan , Zhang Yan , Xia Shuang , Kang Tongtong , Yang Weihao , Qin Jun , Deng Longjiang , Bi Lei 
Published: September 2020

Optical isolators and circulators are important components for photonic integrated circuits. Despite significant progress on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms, integrated optical isolators and circulators have rarely been reported on silicon nitride (SiN) platforms. In this paper, we report monolithic integration of magneto-optical (MO) isolators on SiN platforms with record-high performances based on standard silicon photonics foundry process and MO thin film deposition. We successfully grow high-quality MO garnet thin films on SiN with large Faraday rotation up to -

−

5900

d
e
g

/

c
m

. We show superior MO figure of merit (FoM) of MO/SiN waveguides compared to that of MO/SOI in an optimized device design. We demonstrate transverse magnetic (TM)/transverse electric (TE) mode broadband and narrowband optical isolators and circulators on SiN with high isolation ratio, low cross talk, and low insertion loss. In particular, we observe 1 dB insertion loss and 28 dB isolation ratio in a SiN racetrack resonator-based isolator at 1570.3 nm wavelength. The low thermo-optic coefficient of SiN also ensures excellent temperature stability of the device. Our work paves the way for integration of high-performance nonreciprocal photonic devices on SiN platforms.
The Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation: acting in concert to curb cybercrime?
Authors: Wicki-Birchler David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—two Legal Frameworks designed to curb cybercrime. While the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe, the Budapest Convention, is the only binding international instrument on this issue, the GDPR is globally setting standards in data protection Law. How are the two policies working to curb cybercrime? Cybercrime concerns every person, every company, every authority and every public institution. The fact that the origin as well as the target of the criminal act can be located virtually everywhere around the globe sets a new challenge for lawmakers in their efforts to protect society. The increasing use and importance of the Internet of Things will create new conveniences for the public to enjoy and at the same time provide countless new entry points for hackers to gain access to devices, networks and valuable data, all of which might be abused for criminal intents. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime plays a crucial role in the fight against cybercrime by setting state of the art principle based criminal law standards and important procedural rules with regard to the provisional storage of data to be potentially used as evidence in prosecuting criminal acts. GDPR is blazing the trail for the appropriate handling of data, and is thereby—albeit from a different starting point—significantly contributing to an improved data security framework and thus efficiently curbing cybercrime.