bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Dementia Caregivers’ Well-Being
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Badana Adrian N S , Burgdorf Julia , Fabius Chanee D , Roth David L , Haley William E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Studies comparing racial/ethnic differences on measures of psychological and physical well-being for dementia caregivers have reported differences between minority and white caregivers. Recruitment methods often differ for minority and white participants due to enrollment targets and may lead to biased comparisons, especially in convenience samples. We aimed to examine racial/ethnic differences in dementia caregiver outcomes and to determine whether differences vary between studies with population-based or convenience samples.

Research Design and Methods
We systematically reviewed articles with primary data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. We included studies comparing African American or Hispanic/Latino to white dementia caregivers on measures of psychological well-being or physical well-being. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts and conducted risk-of-bias assessments. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess effects by race/ethnicity and study bias.

Results
A total of 159 effects were extracted from 38 studies, 2 of which were population based. Random-effects models revealed small but statistically significant effects with better psychological well-being in African American caregivers compared with white caregivers in both population-based (d = −0.22) and convenience sample studies (d = −0.21). Hispanics/Latino caregivers reported lower levels of physical well-being than white caregivers (d = 0.12), though these effects varied by level of rated study bias.

Discussion and Implications
Consistency across study methods raises confidence in the validity of previous reports of better psychological well-being in African American caregivers. Future studies should use population-based samples with subgroups of Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, and American Indian caregivers that are culturally distinct on factors such as country of origin and tribe.
Seismic monitoring in the Gugla rock glacier (Switzerland): ambient noise correlation, microseismicity and modelling
Authors: Guillemot Antoine , Helmstetter Agnès , Larose Éric , Baillet Laurent , Garambois Stéphane , Mayoraz Raphaël , Delaloye Reynald 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
A network of seismometers has been installed on the Gugla rock glacier since October 2015 to estimate seismic velocity changes and detect microseismicity. These two processes are related to mechanical and structural variations occurring within the rock glacier. Seismic monitoring thus allows a better understanding of the dynamics of rock glaciers throughout the year. We observed seasonal variations in seismic wave velocity and microseismic activity over the 3 yr of the study. In the first part of our analysis, we used ambient noise correlations to compute daily changes of surface wave velocity. In winter, seismic wave velocities were higher, probably due to refreezing of the permafrost active layer and cooling of the uppermost permafrost layers, leading to increased overall rigidity of the medium. This assumption was verified using a seismic model of wave propagation that estimates the depth of P- and S-wave velocity changes from 0 down to 10 m. During melting periods, both a sudden velocity decrease and a decorrelation of the seismic responses were observed. These effects can probably be explained by the increased water content of the active layer. In the second part of our study, we focused on detecting microseismic signals generated in and around the rock glacier. This seismic activity (microquakes and rockfalls) also exhibits seasonal variations, with a maximum in spring and summer, which correlates principally with an exacerbated post-winter erosional phase of the front and a faster rock glacier displacement rate. In addition, we observed short bursts of microseismicity, both during snowfall and during rapid melting periods, probably due to pore pressure increase.
Single equality in the age of marriage equality
Authors: Chen Chao-ju 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The twenty-first century has witnessed the rise of a new constitutional jurisprudence of marriage which extends the institution of marriage to include same-sex couples in the name of equality, freedom, and dignity, and an accompanying trend of constitutionalizing marital supremacy. Progressive critics have voiced against the constitutional treatment of marriage as the ideal family form, proposing various approaches to promote equality for diverse families. The inequality of single women without children, however, has not yet received the attention that it deserves in the jurisprudence of non-marriage, despite the globally growing phenomenon of women opting out of marriage and other formal unions and living a legally single life. It is argued that the move beyond marriage equality must include the pursuit of single equality, that is, equal citizenship unmediated by marital, relational, family, or parental status. It is suggested that a feminist agenda of single equality is needed even more, and that public laws’ active role is required to facilitate single equality.
Is a switch to a different electronic health record associated with a change in patient satisfaction?
Authors: North Frederick , Pecina Jennifer L , Tulledge-Scheitel Sidna M , Chaudhry Rajeev , Matulis John C , Ebbert Jon O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Financial impacts associated with a switch to a different electronic health record (EHR) have been documented. Less attention has been focused on the patient response to an EHR switch. The Mayo Clinic was involved in an EHR switch that occurred at 6 different locations and with 4 different “go-live” dates. We sought to understand the relationship between patient satisfaction and the transition to a new EHR.

Materials and Methods
We used patient satisfaction data collected by Press Ganey from July 2016 through December 2019. Our patient satisfaction measure was the percent of patients responding “very good” (top box) to survey questions. Twenty-four survey questions were summarized by Press Ganey into 6 patient satisfaction domains. Piecewise linear regression was used to model patient satisfaction before and after the EHR switch dates.

Results
Significant drops in patient satisfaction were associated with the EHR switch. Patient satisfaction with access (ease of getting clinic on phone, ease of scheduling appointments, etc.) was most affected (range of 6 sites absolute decline: -3.4% to -8.8%; all significant at 99% confidence interval). Satisfaction with providers was least affected (range of 6 sites absolute decline: -0.5% to -2.8%; 4 of 6 sites significant at 99% confidence interval). After 9-15 months, patient satisfaction with access climbed back to pre-EHR switch levels.

Conclusions
Patient satisfaction in several patient experience domains dropped significantly and stayed lower than pre–“go-live” for several months after a switch in EHR. Satisfaction with providers declined less than satisfaction with access.
Applying Core Principles of International Humanitarian Law to Military Operations in Space
Authors: Mawdsley Jack 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article looks at how international humanitarian law may apply to military operations in space. Though the laws of war are well established on earth, space poses new challenges to the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution in attack. Future scenarios whereby operations might be directed against moon-based objects, or where military astronauts might be deployed into space raise further questions as to how these principles should apply.
By considering the laws of war as they are enforced on earth, and through engagement with academic opinion, this article seeks to understand the level of protection provided by the law when applied to this new domain. In anticipation of official clarification, this approach leads to reasoned arguments for reform in key areas.
The challenges posed are addressed through both a contemporary and a future lens. Broad conclusions that the law of armed conflict does not shift seamlessly into space are strengthened by the numerous anomalies that ensue.
Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer Through Quantitative Assessment of PTEN Loss (qPTEN)
Authors: Jamaspishvili Tamara , Patel Palak G , Niu Yi , Vidotto Thiago , Caven Isabelle , Livergant Rachel , Fu Winnie , Kawashima Atsunari , How Nathan , Okello John B , Guedes Liana B , Ouellet Veronique , Picanço Clarissa , Koti Madhuri , Reis Rodolfo B , Saad Fred , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Lotan Tamara L , Squire Jeremy A , Peng Yingwei P , Siemens D Robert , Berman David M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss has long been associated with adverse findings in early prostate cancer. Studies to date have yet to employ quantitative methods (qPTEN) for measuring of prognostically relevant amounts of PTEN loss in postsurgical settings and demonstrate its clinical application.

Methods
PTEN protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry in radical prostatectomy samples from training (n = 410) and validation (n = 272) cohorts. PTEN loss was quantified per cancer cell and per tissue microarray core. Thresholds for identifying clinically relevant PTEN loss were determined using log-rank statistics in the training cohort. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards) analyses on various subpopulations were performed to assess biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and were independently validated. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
PTEN loss in more than 65% cancer cells was most clinically relevant and had statistically significant association with reduced BRFS in training (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59 to 3.87; P &lt; .001) and validation cohorts (HR = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.01 to 8.83; P &lt; .001). The qPTEN scoring method identified patients who recurred within 5.4 years after surgery (P &lt; .001). In men with favorable risk of biochemical recurrence (Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment – Postsurgical scores &lt;5 and no adverse pathological features), qPTEN identified a subset of patients with shorter BRFS (HR = 5.52, 95% CI = 2.36 to 12.90; P &lt; .001) who may be considered for intensified monitoring and/or adjuvant therapy.

Conclusions
Compared with previous qualitative approaches, qPTEN improves risk stratification of postradical prostatectomy patients and may be considered as a complementary tool to guide disease management after surgery.
Psychoeducation for Children with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Day Marianne , Clarke Sally-Ann , Castillo-Eito Laura , Rowe Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions in improving quality of life (QoL) for children with chronic conditions.

Methods
We identified 25 randomized controlled trials of psychoeducational interventions for children with chronic conditions that reported a QoL outcome and were published 1980–2018. Due to small numbers of interventions in other chronic conditions, comparisons between chronic conditions were limited to 17 studies addressing interventions for asthma and diabetes.

Results
Psychoeducational interventions were associated with a small, statistically significant improvement in QoL (standardized mean difference = 0.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.23). The effect was significantly larger for asthma interventions compared to diabetes interventions, and in interventions delivered to younger (under 12 years) rather than older children (12 years and over).

Conclusions
These results suggest that currently evaluated psychoeducational interventions improve QoL for children with asthma but not for children with diabetes. Children with diabetes may require tailored interventions with additional components alongside psychoeducation. Further intervention studies are needed to generalize to other conditions and to draw conclusions about which settings and modes of delivery are most effective in improving QoL.
The transcription factor MML4_D12 regulates fiber development through interplay with the WD40-repeat protein WDR in cotton
Authors: Tian Yue , Du Jingjing , Wu Huaitong , Guan Xueying , Chen Weihang , Hu Yan , Fang Lei , Ding Linyun , Li Menglin , Yang Duofeng , Yang Qinli , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn planta, a vital regulatory complex, MYB–basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)–WD40 (MBW), is involved in trichome development and synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin in Arabidopsis. Usually, WD40 proteins provide a scaffold for protein–protein interaction between MYB and bHLH proteins. Members of subgroup 9 of the R2R3 MYB transcription factors, which includes MYBMIXTA-Like (MML) genes important for plant cell differentiation, are unable to interact with bHLH. In this study, we report that a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichome or lint fiber-related GhMML factor, GhMML4_D12, interacts with a diverged WD40 protein (GhWDR) in a process similar to but different from that of the MBW ternary complex involved in Arabidopsis trichome development. Amino acids 250–267 of GhMML4_D12 and the first and third WD40 repeat domains of GhWDR determine their interaction. GhWDR could rescue Arabidopsis ttg1 to its wild type, confirming its orthologous function in trichome development. Our findings shed more light towards understanding the key role of the MML and WD40 families in plants and in the improvement of cotton fiber production.
Extending Gaia  DR2 with HST  narrow-field astrometry – II. Refining the method on WISE J163940.83−684738.6★
Authors: Bedin L R , Fontanive C 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In the second paper of this series, we perfected our method of linking high-precision Hubble Space Telescope astrometry to the high-accuracy Gaia DR2 absolute reference system to overcome the limitations of relative astrometry with narrow-field cameras. Our test case here is the Y brown dwarf WISE  J163940.83−684738.6, observed at different epochs spread over a 6-yr time baseline with the Infra-Red channel of the Wide Field Camera 3. We derived significantly improved astrometric parameters compared to previous determinations, finding (μαcos δ, μδ, ϖ) = (577.21 ± 0.24 mas yr−1, −3108.39 ± 0.27 mas yr−1, 210.4 ± 1.8 mas). In particular, our derived absolute parallax (ϖ ) corresponds to a distance of 4.75 ± 0.05 pc for the faint ultracool dwarf.
Linking the formation and fate of exo-Kuiper belts within Solar system analogues
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Reichert Katja , Flammini Dotti Francesco , Cai Maxwell X , Mustill Alexander J , Shannon Andrew , McDonald Catriona H , Portegies Zwart Simon , Kouwenhoven M B N , Spurzem Rainer 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Escalating observations of exo-minor planets and their destroyed remnants both passing through the Solar system and within white dwarf planetary systems motivate an understanding of the orbital history and fate of exo-Kuiper belts and planetesimal discs. Here, we explore how the structure of a 40–1000 au annulus of planetesimals orbiting inside of a Solar system analogue that is itself initially embedded within a stellar cluster environment varies as the star evolves through all of its stellar phases. We attempt this computationally challenging link in four parts: (1) by performing stellar cluster simulations lasting 100 Myr, (2) by making assumptions about the subsequent quiescent 11 Gyr main-sequence evolution, (3) by performing simulations throughout the giant branch phases of evolution, and (4) by making assumptions about the belt’s evolution during the white dwarf phase. Throughout these stages, we estimate the planetesimals’ gravitational responses to analogues of the four Solar system giant planets, as well as to collisional grinding, Galactic tides, stellar flybys, and stellar radiation. We find that the imprint of stellar cluster dynamics on the architecture of ≳100 km-sized exo-Kuiper belt planetesimals is retained throughout all phases of stellar evolution unless violent gravitational instabilities are triggered either (1) amongst the giant planets, or (2) due to a close (≪103 au) stellar flyby. In the absence of these instabilities, these minor planets simply double their semimajor axis while retaining their primordial post-cluster eccentricity and inclination distributions, with implications for the free-floating planetesimal population and metal-polluted white dwarfs.
Study of spider pulsar binary eclipses and discovery of an eclipse mechanism transition
Authors: Polzin E J , Breton R P , Bhattacharyya B , Scholte D , Sobey C , Stappers B W 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a comparative study of the low-frequency eclipses of spider (compact and irradiating binary) PSRs B1957+20 and J1816+4510. Combining these data with those of three other eclipsing systems we study the frequency dependence of the eclipse duration. PSRs B1957+20 and J1816+4510 have similar orbital properties, but the companions to the pulsars have masses that differ by an order of magnitude. A dedicated campaign to simultaneously observe the pulsed and imaged continuum flux densities throughout the eclipses reveals many similarities between the excess material within the two binaries, irrespective of the companion star properties. The observations show that the pulsar fluxes are removed from the line of sight throughout the main body of the eclipses. For PSR J1816 + 4510, we present the first direct evidence of an eclipse mechanism that transitions from one that removes the pulsar flux from the line of sight to one that merely smears out pulsations, and claim that this is a consequence of scattering in a tail of material flowing behind the companion. Inferred mass-loss rates from the companion stars are found to be $\dot{M}_{\text{C}} \sim 10^{-12}$ and $\sim 2 \times 10^{-13}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1 for PSR B1957+20 and PSR J1816 + 4510, respectively; seemingly too low to evaporate the stars within Hubble time. Measurements of eclipse durations over a wide range of radio frequencies show a significant dependence of eclipse duration on frequency for all pulsars, with wider eclipses at lower frequencies. These results provide a marked improvement in the observational constraints available for theoretical studies of the eclipse mechanisms.
Route of intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of iron contained in the novel phosphate binder ferric citrate
Authors: Vaziri Nosratola D , Nunes Ane C F , Said Hyder , Khazaeli Mahyar , Liu Han , Zhao Yitong , Jing Wanghui , Cogburn Kyle , Alikhani Leila , Lau Wei Ling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is, in part, caused by hepcidin-mediated impaired iron absorption. However, phosphate binder, ferric citrate (FC) overcomes the CKD-induced impairment of iron absorption and increases serum iron, transferrin saturation, and iron stores and reduces erythropoietin requirements in CKD/ESRD patients. The mechanism and sites of intestinal absorption of iron contained in FC were explored here.

Methods
Eight-week old rats were randomized to sham-operated or 5/6 nephrectomized (CKD) groups and fed either regular rat chow or rat chow containing 4% FC for 6 weeks. They were then euthanized, and tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analysis using Prussian blue staining, Western blot analysis to quantify intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and real-time PCR to measure Fatty Acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3) expressions.

Results
CKD rats exhibited hypertension, anemia, azotemia, and hyperphosphatemia. FC-treated CKD rats showed significant reductions in blood pressure, serum urea, phosphate and creatinine levels and higher serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels. This was associated with marked increase in iron content of the epithelial and subepithelial wall of the descending colon and modest iron deposits in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of their remnant kidneys. No significant difference was found in hepatic tissue iron content between untreated and FC-treated CKD or control groups. Distal colon’s epithelial tight Junction proteins, Occludin, JAM-1 and ZO-1 were markedly reduced in the CKD groups. The FFA2 expression in the jejunum and FFA3 expression in the distal colon were significantly reduced in the CKD rats and markedly increased with FC administration.

Conclusion
Iron contained in the phosphate binder, FC, is absorbed by the distal colon of the CKD animals via disrupted colonic epithelial barrier and upregulation of short chain fatty acid transporters.
Crossing the Cervicothoracic Junction During Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion: Is It Necessary?
Authors: Fayed Islam , Toscano Daniel T , Triano Matthew J , Makariou Erini , Lee Christabel , Spitz Steven M , Anaizi Amjad N , Nair M Nathan , Sandhu Faheem A , Voyadzis Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior cervical fusion (PCF) is performed to treat cervical myelopathy, radiculopathy, and/or deformity. Constructs ending at the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) may lead to higher rates of adjacent segment disease, and much debate exists regarding crossing the CTJ due to paucity of data in the literature.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether extension of PCF constructs across the CTJ decreases incidence of adjacent segment disease and need for revision surgery.

METHODS
A single-center retrospective case series of patients undergoing multilevel PCFs since 2011 with at least 6-mo follow-up was conducted. Outcomes were analyzed and compared based on caudal extent of instrumentation via multivariate regression.

RESULTS
A total of 149 patients underwent PCF, with a mean follow-up of 18.9 mo. A total of 15 (10.1%) revisions were performed, 7 (4.7%) of which were related to the construct. Five (8.3%) revisions were performed for constructs ending at C6, 1 (5.3%) at C7, 1 (2.6%) at T1, and none (0%) at T2 (P = .035). Mean procedure duration was 215 min at C6, 214 min at C7, 239 min at T1, and 343 min at T2 (P = .001). Mean estimated blood loss was 224 mL at C6, 178 mL at C7, 308 mL at T1, and 575 mL at T2 (P = .001). There was no difference in length of stay, disposition, surgical site infection, or radiographic parameters.

CONCLUSION
Extension of PCFs across the CTJ leads to lower early revision rates, but also to increased procedure duration and estimated blood loss. As such, decisions regarding caudal extent of instrumentation must weigh the risk of pseudarthrosis against that of longer procedures with higher blood loss.
High skilled immigration and the occupational choices of native workers: the case of Australia
Authors: Crown Daniel , Faggian Alessandra , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of a major skilled visa programme in Australia on the wages and occupation-specific skills performed by native workers. We combine data from the full population of approved Temporary Work Visa applications with the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey from 2005–2015. Our findings indicate that skilled international workers increase the wages of natives, and induce native workers to specialize in occupations associated with a high intensity of communication and cognitive skills. We find no evidence of negative effects of the visa programme on the wages of high-skilled or low-skilled native workers, or on previous migrants who may be close substitutes to the skilled visa holders.