bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extramedullary multiple myeloma involving the liver and periportal lymph node, diagnosed by EUS‐FNA in a patient with cirrhosis
Authors: Suo Liye , Liu Shujuan , Vega Ivonne , Thrall Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) involving the liver as a focal space‐occupying lesion is very rare, especially in the patients with cirrhosis. Here, we report a case of EMM in the liver and periportal lymph node, diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided‐fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA). A 57‐year‐old male patient, with history of cirrhosis, presented with abdominal pain and pancytopenia. The abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a 6.5 cm left hepatic mass with a 1.1 cm malignant‐appearing periportal lymph node and diffuse osseous lesions. The cytology specimens from the hepatic mass and the periportal lymph node were obtained through EUS‐FNA without rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE). The thin‐layer preparations (ThinPrep) showed abundant plasmacytoid cells, which were confirmed to be Kappa‐restricted neoplastic plasma cells by the cell block preparations. Later, his serum level of Kappa light chain was found significantly elevated by flow cytometry, which was identified as monoclonal IgA Kappa light chain by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) with immunofixation. The patient was diagnosed as IgA multiple myeloma with extramedullary involvement of the liver and periportal lymph node. This is the first case showing the ThinPrep cytomorphologic features of EMM in the liver and periportal lymph node. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing plasma cells from being hepatocytes and lymphocytes on the ThinPrep and also emphasizes the utility of the cell block in the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm.
Type 1 diabetes and hearing loss: Audiometric assessment and measurement of circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products
Authors: Al‐Sofiani Mohammed , MacLeod Sara , Ghanim Husam , Stecker Nancy , Hall John , Lippes Howard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the hearing function in adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) to investigate whether an association exists between hearing loss and duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A1C level, diabetes complications and levels of select serum and urinary biomarkers.MethodsWe measured pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds; serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end‐product (sRAGE); and urinary isoprostane in 30 adults with T1D (age 43.8 ± 11.4 years). We also measured PTA thresholds in 11 adults without diabetes (age 53 ± 5.5 years).Results63.3% of adults with T1D had high‐frequency hearing loss. Among adults with T1D, those with hearing loss were older (48.2 vs 36.2 years old, P < .01), had a longer duration of diabetes (30.7 vs 21.2 years, P = .02), a greater prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (57.9 vs 9.1%, P = .02) and significantly lower median levels of sRAGE (1054.27 vs 1306.83 pg/mL, P = .03) compared to those with normal hearing. Adults with T1D between the ages of 40 and 60 years old, who had diabetes for ≥35 years, had significantly higher PTA thresholds at both 500and 8000 Hz than age‐matched adults without diabetes.ConclusionsA significant proportion of adults with T1D have high‐frequency hearing loss before age of 60 that is positively associated with age, duration of diabetes and presence of peripheral neuropathy. Our results are in support of previous studies suggesting a potential protective role of sRAGE against AGE toxicity and diabetes complications.
The Duty to Look for Incidental Findings in Imaging Research
Authors: Koplin Julian J. , Turner Martin R. , Savulescu Julian 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTImaging research regularly yields incidental findings that may have personal medical or reproductive decision‐making significance to study participants. It is widely assumed that researchers have a moral obligation to disclose at least some kinds of incidental findings to research participants. However, it is also a widely held view that researchers do not have a moral obligation to actively look for abnormalities irrelevant to the aims of their study. This paper challenges that assumption.
N‐of‐1 Trials for Closed‐Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Devices
Authors: Stevens Ian , Gilbert Frederic 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTClosed‐loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices hold great promise for treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Yet while these algorithmic‐based devices provide personalized treatment to each patient, they also present uniquely individualized risks of physiological and psychological harms. These experimental devices are typically tested in randomized controlled trials, which may not be the optimum approach to identifying and assessing phenomenological harms they pose to patients. In this article, we contend that an N‐of‐1 trial design—which is being used ever more frequently to realize the goals of individualized, precision medicine—could provide beneficial phenomenological data about the potential risks of harm to properly inform the use of closed‐loop DBS devices. Data from N‐of‐1 trials may provide patients, as well as their families and other caregivers, with better information on which to base informed choices about pursuing this type of treatment option.
Effects of unrestricted access to flash glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hansen Klavs Würgler 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsWe assessed adherence and long‐term effects on HbA1c of unrestricted access to flash glucose monitoring (FGM) in a single diabetes centre.MethodsIn this observational study, we reviewed data files for all 411 patients with type 1 diabetes attending our clinic during a 2‐year period. Adherence was reported in those who initiated FGM in our clinic (n = 321). Baseline and final HbA1c were noted for patients who continued FGM for more than 6 months without clinical conditions or interventions at baseline that could interfere with the effect of FGM on glycaemic control (n = 270).ResultsAfter 2 years, the fraction of patients using FGM increased from 3% to 72%. Adherence to FGM was 88%. Baseline and final HbA1c was median (interquartile range) 63 mmol/mol (56, 74) (7.9% (7.3, 8.9)) and 59 mmol/mol (53, 68) (7.6% (7.0, 8.4)), respectively. The estimated difference final‐baseline HbA1c was −4 mmol/mol (95% CI −5, −3) (−0.4% (−0.5, −0.3)) (P < .001). No significant difference was seen for patients with baseline HbA1c ≤ 7% (53 mmol/mol). The interval from initiation of FGM to final HbA1c was median 562 days (IQR 417, 662). The number of scans/day was median 11 (IQR 8, 13) and correlated negatively with both final and baseline HbA1c but not with change in HbA1c.ConclusionsFollowing the introduction of unlimited access, nearly three quarters of the patients were FGM users. Long‐term adherence was good, and HbA1c improved in all patients except in those with optimal glycaemic control at baseline.
Evaluating Community‐Based Coalitions: An Application of Best Practices to Improve Children's Health
Authors: Barnard Courtney 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes how Cook Children's Center for Children's Health (the Center) applies best practices in community‐based coalition evaluation through the use of three guiding frameworks. The author provides an overview of the ten Guiding Principles to Coalition Evaluation, the Spectrum of Prevention, and Results‐Based Accountability, along with highlights of each framework's strengths and limitations. The author also illustrates how the Center integrates these frameworks into their evaluation work and concludes with a discussion of five lessons learned.
Positioning Health Equity Within a Systems Thinking Framework to Evaluate Coalitions and Collaborative Initiatives
Authors: Hilgendorf Amy E. , Moore Travis R. , Wells Alexandra , Stanley Julia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvaluating coalitions and other community‐driven efforts demands new approaches that can account for the complexity of collaborative efforts and inform ongoing innovation, including efforts to advance health equity. In this chapter, we present an evaluation framework developed in partnership between a university and local health coalition that combines systems thinking and equity principles. We first describe the evaluation needs and priorities of coalitions like this one that seeks to work across sectors to advance health equity, and then describe the framework and the ways it can bridge systems thinking and equity in evaluation. We illustrate the framework through our work with a specific coalition and conclude the chapter with lessons learned and future directions for evaluators.
Rapid Turnover of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Indicated by Monitoring Emergence and Reversion of Signature‐Mutation in Treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Huang Qi , Zhou Bin , Cai Dawei , Zong Yuhua , Wu Yaobo , Liu Shi , Mercier Alexandre , Guo Haitao , Hou Jinlin , Colonno Richard , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) plays a pivotal role in the establishment and persistence of HBV infection. Understanding the turnover time of preexisting cccDNA pools would be helpful in designing strategies to clear HBV by fully blocking the de novo generation of cccDNA.

Approach and Results
In this study, we retrospectively monitored the emergence and reversion of the rtM204I/V mutant, a signature lamivudine resistance (LAMR) mutation serving as a biomarker of cccDNA turnover in liver biopsies and longitudinal serum samples from two clinical trials. Methodologies were optimized to differentially isolate and sequence HBV virion DNA, cccDNA, and HBV RNA from clinical samples. A strong correlation was observed between LAMR composition of cccDNA with that of serum and intrahepatic HBV RNA in paired liver and serum samples (r = 0.96 and 0.90, respectively), suggesting that serum HBV RNA can serve as a surrogate marker of cccDNA genetic composition when liver biopsies are unavailable. LAMR mutations emerged and increased from undetectable to 40%‐90% within 16‐28 weeks in serum HBV RNA from telbivudine‐treated patients experiencing virological breakthrough. Similarly, in lamivudine‐resistant patients who switched to interferon therapy, serum HBV‐RNA population bearing 100% LAMR mutations fully reversed back to wild type within 24‐48 weeks.

Conclusions
The genetic composition dynamics of serum HBV RNA and biopsy cccDNA in treated HBV patients indicates that cccDNA turnover occurs relatively rapidly (several months), offering a possibility of HBV cure with finite therapy through completely blocking cccDNA replenishment.
Bioreactor cultivation condition for engineered bone tissue: Effect of various bioreactor designs on extra cellular matrix synthesis
Authors: Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Bohlouli Mahboubeh , Paknejad Zahrasadat , R. Rad Maryam , M. Amirabad Leila , Salehi‐Nik Nasim , Khani Mohammad M. , Shahriari Shayan , Nadjmi Nasser , Ebrahimpour Adel , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDynamic‐based systems are bio‐designed in order to mimic the micro‐environments of the bone tissue. There is limited direct comparison between perfusion and perfusion‐rotation forces in designing a bioreactor. Hence, in current study, we aimed to compare given bioreactors for bone regeneration. Two types of bioreactors including rotating & perfusion and perfusion bioreactors were designed. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from buccal fat pad were loaded on a gelatin/β‐Tricalcium phosphate scaffold. Cell‐scaffold constructs were subjected to different treatment condition and place in either of the bioreactors. Effect of different dynamic conditions on cellular behavior including cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation were assessed. Osteogenic assessment of scaffolds after 24 days revealed that rotating & perfusion bioreactor led to significantly higher expression of OCN and RUNX2 genes and also greater amount of ALP and collagen I protein production compared to static groups and perfusion bioreactor. Observation of cellular sheets which filled the scaffold porosities in SEM images, approved the better cell responses to rotating & perfusion forces of the bioreactor. The outcomes demonstrated that rotating & perfusion bioreactor action on bone regeneration is much preferable than perfusion bioreactor. Therefore, it seems that exertion of multi‐stimuli is more effective for bone engineering.
Micro‐ and nano‐bone analyses of the human mandible coronoid process and tendon‐bone entheses
Authors: Kasahara Masaaki , Matsunaga Satoru , Someya Tomoko , Kitamura Kei , Odaka Kento , Ishimoto Takuya , Nakano Takayoshi , Abe Shinichi , Hattori Masayuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe coronoid process provides attachment to temporalis and masseter muscles, and thus plays an important role in mastication. Tendons connect muscles and bones, mediating the transmission of functional loads to bones. Thus, tendon–bone entheses govern mechanical stress in bones. The preferential orientation of biological apatite (BAp) crystallites, the main mineral component in bones, is an important index for bone quality and function, and is largely influenced by locally applied stress. In this study, we analyzed BAp orientation, Young's modulus, and bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites in the human coronoid process. No differences in BMD were found among the analyzed sites, but BAp crystal orientation was observed to differ. BAp crystallites showed a uni‐directional orientation in the mesiodistal direction at the coronoid process apex, but were oriented in the direction vertical to the occlusal plane at other sites. Young's modulus tended to vary according to the BAp orientation. At the apex, a tendon form with characteristics different from those at other sites, including the presence of a fibrocartilaginous layer that may act as a stretching brake to control stress concentration, was observed. These findings suggest that the functional pressure of the temporalis muscle affects bone quality and strength.
Evaluation the synergistic antitumor effect of methotrexate–camptothecin codelivery prodrug from self‐assembly process to acid‐catalyzed both drugs release: A comprehensive theoretical study
Authors: Pakdel Majid , Raissi Heidar , Hosseini Seyede T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTherapeutic efficiency of amphiphilic methotrexate–camptothecin (MTX‐CPT) prodrug compared to free drug mixture (MTX/CPT) has been investigated using all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation and first principles density functional theory calculations. This comparison revealed that MTX–CPT prodrug tends to form spherical self‐assembled nanoparticle (NP), while free MTX/CPT mixture forms rod‐shape NP. These observations are attributed to a structural defect in the MTX–CPT prodrug and solvation free energies of MTX, CPT and MTX‐CPT molecules. The results provided evidence that noncovalent interactions (NCIs) among the pharmaceutical drugs play a very important role in anticancer agents aggregation process, leading to enhanced stability of the self‐assembled NPs. It is found that the stability of MTX–CPT self‐assembled NP is greater than the MTX/CPT NP due to the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding between monomers and solvent (water). Moreover, the noncatalyzed as well as catalyzed hydrolysis reactions of MTX–CPT prodrug are theoretically studied at the PCM(water)//M06‐2X/6−31G(d,p) computational level to shed additional light on the role of acidic condition in tumor tissues. We found that the ester hydrolysis in mild acidic solutions is a concerted reaction. In an agreement between theory and experiment, we also confirmed that the activation energies of the catalyzed‐hydrolysis steps are much lower than the activation energies of the corresponding steps in the noncatalyzed reaction. Thus, the MTX–CPT prodrug reveals very promising properties as a pH‐controlled drug delivery system.
Impact of preoperative aspirin continuation on bleeding complications during or after liver resection: Propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Naito Shigetoshi , Fujikawa Takahisa , Hasegawa Suguru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient evidence concerning the effect of preoperative continuation of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on intraoperative and postoperative bleeding during liver resection. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of preoperative aspirin continuation on bleeding complications during or after liver resection using propensity score matching (PSM).MethodsBetween 2005 and 2018, 425 patients who underwent liver resection were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups; the cAPT group received continued aspirin monotherapy preoperatively (n = 63) and the control group did not (n = 362). Propensity score matching was performed based on the preoperative clinical parameters. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, including bleeding complications, were compared between groups.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 126 patients were included in the analysis (cAPT group, n = 63 and control group, n = 63). There were no differences in patients’ background characteristics, and intraoperative blood loss was identical between the groups (200 vs 180 mL, P = .54). The frequency of postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo class 2 or higher, 13/63 [20.6%] vs 13/63 [20.6%], P = 1.00) and postoperative hemorrhagic complication (3/63 [4.8%] vs 3/63 [4.8%], P = 1.00) was also similar between the groups; no difference was observed in the length of postoperative stay (11 days vs 14 days, P = .08).ConclusionPreoperative continuation of aspirin monotherapy does not affect intraoperative or postoperative bleeding in patients receiving liver resection. Either open or laparoscopic liver resection can be safely performed in patients with continued aspirin therapy.
Emerging MRI Techniques to Redefine Treatment Response in Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Gonçalves Fabrício Guimarães , Chawla Sanjeev , Mohan Suyash 
Published: March 2020

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, its prognosis remains poor. Even with continuous developments in MRI, which has provided us with newer insights into the diagnosis and understanding of tumor biology, response assessment in the posttherapy setting remains challenging. We believe that the integration of additional information from advanced neuroimaging techniques can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional MRI. In this article, we review the utility of advanced neuroimaging techniques such as diffusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion‐weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical exchange saturation transfer in characterizing and evaluating treatment response in patients with glioblastoma. We will also discuss the existing challenges and limitations of using these techniques in clinical settings and possible solutions to avoiding pitfalls in study design, data acquisition, and analysis for future studies.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:978–997.
Alert for non‐respiratory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in epidemic period: A case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lu Shubiao , Lin Jinsong , Zhang Zhiqiao , Xiao Liping , Jiang Zhijian , Chen Jia , Hu Chongjing , Luo Shi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAt present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rampaging around the world. However, asymptomatic carriers intensified the difficulty of prevention and management. Here we reported the screening, clinical features, and treatment process of a family cluster involving three COVID‐19 patients. The discovery of the first asymptomatic carrier in this family cluster depends on the repeated and comprehensive epidemiological investigation by disease control experts. In addition, the combination of multiple detection methods can help clinicians find asymptomatic carriers as early as possible. In conclusion, the prevention and control experience of this family cluster showed that comprehensive rigorous epidemiological investigation and combination of multiple detection methods were of great value for the detection of hidden asymptomatic carriers.
The Impact of Affective States and Affective Shifts on Creative Ideation and Evaluation
Authors: Lai Yu‐Chun , Peng Shu‐Ling , Huang Po‐Sheng , Chen Hsueh‐Chih 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine the impact of affective states and affective shifts on ideation and evaluation of creativity. Affects were induced by a two‐stage imagination procedure of recalling autobiographical experiences. Three periods of divergent thinking were measured to represent the participants’ creative ideation at different times. Creative evaluation was measured by estimating the originality of each response provided by the participants. The results indicate that (a) during the initial period of ideation, groups with positive affect obtain better creative ideation than the groups with neutral or negative affect. (b) The ideation in positive affect groups gradually decreases over time, while the ideation in negative affect groups gradually increases over time. (c) During the evaluation of originality, groups with negative affect have a higher proportion of over‐estimates and a lower proportion of under‐estimates than groups with positive affect. The viewpoints of cognitive tuning theory, which posit that the affective state influences creativity, are supported.
Recent development of soluble hole injection material for OLED display
Authors: Monzen Kazuhiro , Maeda Daisuke , Higashi Masayuki , Endo Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe developed soluble hole injection materials and inks, named ELsource, that can be used as hole injection layer in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display. OLED is an optical device. Therefore, we developed the hole injection materials with optical properties necessary for an optical device.
Structure and Conformation of a Crystalline P3HT Film Adsorbed on an Alkanethiol Self‐Assembled Monolayer Deposited on Gold
Authors: Skountzos Emmanuel N. , von Wrochem Florian , Mavrantzas Vlasis G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll‐atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the structural and conformational properties of a regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) crystal in the presence of a gold (Au) substrate terminated with an n‐alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). The employed orientation of the P3HT crystals deposited on the SAM is the edge‐on, since this orientation is believed to be the most energetically favorable and stable, also yielding the highest charge carrier mobility in organic thin‐film transistors. The unit cell of the overall Au/SAM interfacial layer is obtained through detailed ab initio calculations. Systems with a varying number of P3HT stacks on the Au/SAM substrate are studied with an all‐atom force field in order to elucidate the effect of polymer thickness on the structural properties of the system. All final structures are found to be stable and well‐equilibrated. Insights into the P3HT crystal structure are provided for the P3HT layers in direct contact with the SAM, but also for those deeper in the polymer film. According to the simulations, the majority of conformational and packing properties of the P3HT film are practically similar to those of the bulk crystalline P3HT material, implying that its structure remains unaffected by the presence of the underlying Au/SAM substrate.