bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIRST Winged Radio Galaxies with X and Z Symmetry
Authors: Bera Soumen , Pal Sabyasachi , Sasmal Tapan K. , Mondal Soumen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs) are a subclass of radio sources that exhibit a pair of secondary low surface brightness radio lobes oriented at an angle to the primary high surface brightness lobes. Sometimes, the secondary low brightened lobes emerge from the edges of the primary high brightened lobes and form a Z-symmetric morphology. We present a systematical search result for XRGs and Z-shaped radio galaxies (ZRGs) from the VLA Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (VLA FIRST) Survey at 1.4 GHz. Our search yields a total of 296 number of radio sources, out of which 161 are XRGs and 135 are ZRGs. We have also made optical identification of these sources from the different available literature. J1124 + 4325 and J1319 + 0502 are the farthest known XRG and ZRG, respectively. We have estimated spectral index and radio luminosity of these radio sources and made a comparative study with previously detected XRGs and ZRGs. The average value of luminosities for XRGs is higher than that of ZRGs. With the help of a large sample size of the newly discovered XRGs and ZRGs, various statistical properties of these sources are studied. Out of 161 XRGs presented in the current paper, 70% (113) are FR II radio galaxies and 13% (20) are FR I radio galaxies. For 28 XRGs, the morphology is complex and could not be classified. For XRGs, the statistical studies are done on the angle between the major axis and minor axis and the relative size of the major and minor axes. For the ZRGs a statistical study is done on the angular size.
Zika Virus–Infected Decidual Cells Elicit a Gestational Age–Dependent Innate Immune Response and Exaggerate Trophoblast Zika Permissiveness: Implication for Vertical Transmission
Authors: Guzeloglu-Kayisli Ozlem , Guo Xiaofang , Tang Zhonghua , Semerci Nihan , Ozmen Asli , Larsen Kellie , Mutluay Duygu , Guller Seth , Schatz Frederick , Kayisli Umit Ali , Lockwood Charles Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVertical transmission of the Zika virus (ZIKV) causes severe fetal defects, but the exact pathogenic mechanism is unclear. We identified up to a 10,480-fold higher expression of viral attachment factors AXL, GAS6, and PROS1 and a 3880-fold increase in ZIKV infectiousness/propagation in human term decidual stromal cells versus trophoblasts. Moreover, levels of viral attachment factors and ZIKV are significantly increased, whereas expression of innate immune response genes are significantly decreased, in human first trimester versus term decidual cells. ZIKV-infected decidual cell supernatants increased cytotrophoblasts infection up to 252-fold compared with directly infected cytotrophoblasts. Tizoxanide treatment efficiently inhibited Zika infection in both maternal and fetal cells. We conclude that ZIKV permissiveness, as well as innate immune responsiveness of human decidual cells, are gestational age dependent, and decidual cells augment ZIKV infection of primary human cytotrophoblast cultures, which are otherwise ZIKV resistant. Human decidual cells may act as reservoirs for trimester-dependent placental transmission of ZIKV, accounting for the higher Zika infection susceptibility and more severe fetal sequelae observed in early versus late pregnancy. Moreover, tizoxanide is a promising agent in preventing perinatal Zika transmission as well as other RNA viruses such as coronavirus.
Snapshot on physicians’ view on safe blood transfusion in multiply transfused patients in Nigeria
Authors: Efobi Chilota C. , Ugwu Angela O. , Obi Esther I. , Ossai Edmund N. , Ocheni Sunday 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Multiply transfused patients (MTPs) are often at risk of alloimmunization and other transfusion-associated complications. These complications could be ameliorated through extended blood typing prior to transfusion of blood and blood products.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of safe blood transfusion in MTPs by physicians.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of physicians who attended a scientific conference of the West Africa College of Physicians in Asaba, Delta State.

Result:
Most of the respondents (68%) managed patients requiring multiple blood transfusions. Forty-seven respondents (68.1%) had a blood transfusion policy for MTPs in their respective centers, and 43 (68.1%) had no transfusion trigger hemoglobin level in their respective health facilities. Respondents who had a blood transfusion policy in their centers had a better knowledge of safe blood transfusion than those that did not, P = 0.008. None of the respondents reported carrying out antibody screening before and after multiply transfusing the patients. Although 100% performed initial screening for transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs), only 11.6% repeated screening for TTIs annually.

Conclusion:
Practice of safe blood transfusion in MTPs was found to be poor among physicians in Nigeria. Hospitals and training institutions should design ways to update knowledge of physicians on safe blood transfusion especially in MTPs and by so doing optimize safe blood transfusion practices, so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
The Inverse Care Law
Authors: Etokidem Aniekan , Ogaji Daprim 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
The inverse care law states that the availability of good healthcare tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served. This situation is easily observable in developing countries like Nigeria, and poses a threat to the attainment of universal health coverage (UHC) in rural communities.

Objective:
To examine how the inverse care law plays out in the Nigerian healthcare system, and how this may lead to a difficulty in achieving UHC in rural communities.

Materials and Methods:
Standard procedures were used in locating, selecting, extracting and synthesizing data. Electronic databases and internet resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched. Selection of studies was conducted by a two-stage process. Data extraction was done using data extraction forms. During data synthesis, major themes, strengths, weaknesses and critical gaps in each paper were identified.

Results:
There are several factors that boost the operation of the inverse care law in the Nigerian healthcare system. How this poses a threat to the attainment of UHC has also been documented. Among these are limitations in the range of services provided in rural healthcare facilities, inadequate production and maldistribution of health personnel, and low health manpower retention in rural areas.

Conclusion:
There is a need for concerted efforts by the government to address the factors that facilitate the inverse care law in the Nigerian healthcare system. This is necessary for the attainment of UHC specifically and the Sustainable Development Goal number three generally.
Social Entrepreneurship and Development of Local Self-Governments – Evidence from Montenegro
Authors: Melović Boban , Radević Ivan , Backović-Vulić Tamara , Haček Miro 
Published: November 2020

Main aim of the paper is to investigate the correlation between social entrepreneurship and development of local self-governments, in order to effectively and efficiently steer the potential of this form of entrepreneurship towards greater inclusion of socially vulnerable groups and improved development of local self-governments. Authors have developed a conceptual model that investigates the effects of social entrepreneurship on self-government development, as well as the impacts of self-government development on the perception and attitudes towards this type of entrepreneurship. The research results show that the respondents think that activities of social entrepreneurship have a positive influence on the development of local self-government; they also believe that main barriers to stronger development of social entrepreneurship in local self-governments are vague status of social enterprises, poor access to funding and a general lack of entrepreneurial spirit. The results provide an important contribution to policy makers to identify and understand the link between the development of social entrepreneurship and local self-governments.
A Primary Care Provider’s Guide to Spasticity Management in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Cabahug Philippines , Pickard Charles , Edmiston Travis , Lieberman Jesse A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Muscle spasticity is a common sequela of spinal cord injury (SCI) that may impact daily function. Spasticity dynamically varies and is an important physiologic response to illness or other stressors. The challenge for the general practitioner is in recognizing, treating, and developing an effective plan focused on the patient’s individual goals. Objective: To provide the general practitioner with a basic contextual, diagnostic, and therapeutic approach to spasticity management for individuals with neurologic injury such as SCI. Discussion: Muscle spasticity can be disabling and can be managed effectively by using a comprehensive approach. We discuss a representative case and the assessment and planning for individuals with SCI and spasticity. Through an understanding of pathophysiology, careful history taking, and physical exam, a cause for increased spasticity can be identified, such as infection, constipation, or pregnancy. Symptomatology of these triggers is often quite different in the SCI population than in the general population. Management includes the treatment of this causative stressor as well as the thoughtful management of spasticity itself. Conclusion: Muscle spasticity is dynamic and requires a patient-centered approach. The general practitioner can play a key role in recognizing and treating spasticity in an individual with SCI. Comprehensive management to meet patient and caregiver goals involves primary care providers, specialists, and allied health practitioners.
A Primary Care Provider’s Guide to Diet and Nutrition After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gater David R. , Bauman Craig , Cowan Rachel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Physiological changes that occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) are profound and affect almost every organ system in the human body. Energy balance is significantly altered due to motor paralysis, spasticity or flaccidity, neurogenic sarcopenia, neurogenic osteopenia, sympathetic nervous system disruption, and blunted anabolism. Energy expenditure is markedly reduced, whereas hypothalamic control of appetite and satiety is diminished, resulting in discordant energy intake. Ultimately, neurogenic obesity ensues as the result of a positive energy balance. Even though nutritional guidelines for persons with SCI have been available since 2009, the necessity for body composition assessment and total daily energy expenditure was insufficiently addressed such that most individuals with SCI continued in positive energy balance despite “adherence” to the guidelines. Macronutrients must be carefully assessed to optimize caloric intake, while micronutrient consumption may need to be supplemented in order to meet recommended daily allowances. Such a diet would emphasize foods with low caloric yet high nutrient density. This article reviews current literature regarding nutritional requirements for SCI and provides a straightforward plan for implementing more rigorous dietary interventions meant to address the obesity crisis in this especially vulnerable population.
Towards an Analytical Framework to Benchmark the Performance of Urban Drinking Water Supply
Authors: Kebede Debela Bacha , Troupin Steve 
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at identifying strategies to improve the performance of Ethiopian local governments in supplying drinking water. Therefore, a case study of Ambo (Ethiopia) is performed, on basis of document analysis, interview and focus group discussion. This allows operationalizing Pollitt and Bouckaert’s (2011) production process model, by defining input, activity, output and outcome indicators relevant for drinking water supply in the context of developing countries. The indicators and their interrelations subsequently allow coining efficiency-improvement and effectiveness-improvement strategies. The paper finds that most performance improvement strategies do not involve a trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness: investing in the maintenance of the water distribution network, involving the community in the production process, ensuring a minimum quality threshold, improving procurement policies, and relying on ground water contribute to both and deserve being implemented. On other aspects, related to commercial policies and the quality of water, local policymakers need to make a choice between pursing efficiency and effectiveness. The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the added-value of governance for the 2030 Agenda, and paves the way for benchmarking Ethiopian local governments, and warrants further research onto the added value of participation for development.
Penerapan NPS dalam Pelayanan Penerbitan SKPD Kendaraan Bermotor Berbasis Online pada SAMSAT Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Jariah Ainun , Sadar Sadar 
Published: November 2020

Diberlakukannnya undang-undang tentang pemerintahan daerah, menuntut setiap daerah untuk mampu mandiri mengatur dan mengelola segala kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, salah satu sumber pembiayaan yang menjadi potensi besar sebagai pendapatan asli daerah yaitu penerimaan pajak. Penggunaan kendaraan bermotor menjadi salah satu kebutuhan pokok saat ini, mengingat bahwa kemajuan zaman yang menuntut serba cepat dalam melakukan segala hal. Selain itu, dengan jangkauan wilayah yang luas seperti pada daerah Kalimantan Tengah, tentunya moda transportasi berupa kendaraan bermotor menjadi sangat penting. Oleh sebab itu, dengan penggunaan kendaraan bermotor yang marak, maka menjadi potensi besar sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan daerah. Untuk dapat maksimal dalam penerimaan pajak, pemerintah melakukan berbagai upaya dan inovasi dalam pelayanan pembayaran pajak. Penerapan paradigma New Public Service dalam pelayanan penerbitan Surat Ketetapan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor yang berbasis online merupakan salah satu perwujudan dari komitmen pemerintah dalam menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan tuntutan dan kondisi yang terjadi pada masyarakat, terutama pada saat pandemi covid-19 ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dimana data dikumpulkan berbasis digital atau dalam jaringan (online) . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana Penerapan NPS dalam Pelayanan Penerbitan SKPD Kendaraan Bermotor Berbasis Online pada SAMSAT Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pelayanan penerbitan surat kendaraan bermotor pada SAMSAT Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah telah menerapkan konsep New Public Service dimana orintasi pelayanan dipusatkan pada kebutuhan masyarakat atau khususnya pengguna layanan, akan tetapi dalam proses penerapan konsep tersebut masih ditemukan berbagai kendala terutama mengenai fasiltas pendukung.
Vai trò phẫu thuật nạo hạch trong điều trị ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ
Authors: Quế Đỗ Kim 
Published: November 2020

Trong thời gian 10 năm từ năm 2004 tới năm 2014có 94 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ có hạch trung thất đã được phẫu thuật tại bệnh viện Thống Nhất. 78 trường hợp cắt 1 thùy phổi chiếm tỉ lệ 83%, 2 trường hợp cắt 2 thùy phổi chiếm tỉ lệ 2,1%, cắt toàn bộ 1 bên phổi trong 3 trường hợp chiếm tỉ lệ 3,2%, 3 trường hợp mổ nội soi cắt thùy phổi chiếm tỉ lệ 3,2%, 8 trường hợp mổ thám sát sinh thiết u và hạch trung thất chiếm tỉ lệ 8,5%. Tất cả 94 bệnh nhân đều được hóa trị bổ trợ với phác đồ có platinum.
62 trường hợp phát hiện có hạch trung thất trước mổ trên chụp vi tình cắt lớp chiếm tỉ lệ 66,0%. 42 trường hợp hạch trung thất phát hiện có tế bào ung thư di căn trên mô bệnh học chiếm tỉ lệ 44,7%.
Kết quả sớm cho thấy không có tử vong do phẫu thuật. 1 trường hợp chảy máu sau mổ chiếm tỉ lệ 1,1%. Xẹp phổi do tắc đàm 1 trường hợp, tràn khì màng phổi kéo dài 2 trường hợp.
Thời gian sống thêm trung bính là 36 tháng, thời gian sống thêm không bệnh trung bính là 30,4 tháng. Tỉ lệ sống thêm 5 năm là 19,1%. Có sự khác biệt giữa nhóm bệnh nhân có hạch N2 có tế bào ung thư di căn và nhóm hạch N2 không có tế bào ung thư di căn về thời gian sống thêm 5 năm lần lượt là 14,3% và 23,1%.
PHẪU THUẬT SỬA VÒNG VAN BA LÁ TRONG THAY VAN HAI LÁ TỔN THƯƠNG DO THẤP
Authors: Toàn Hoàng Quốc , Tuấn Hoàng Anh 
Published: November 2020

Hở van 3 lá thường gặp trong bệnh lý van 2 lá do thấp, việc có sửa van 3 lá khi mổ thay van 2 lá khi đầu đã có những quan điểm khác nhau.Tuy nhiên,hở van 3 lá thứ phát sau mổ làm tăng tỉ lệ bệnh nhân suy tim và tử vong đã có nhiều nghiên cứu đề cập tới.vì vậy, cho tới nay việc sửa hở van 3 lá trong phẫu thuật van tim bên trái được hầu hết các phẫu thuật viên thống nhất nên làm.Đã có nhiều phương pháp mổ sửa van 3 lá như: De vega, Kay, vòng van(Carpentier,Edwards.). Thành công ứng dụng các phương pháp tạo hình vòng van 3 lá ở mỗi một trung tâm có khác nhau(15,16,17,18,20,21). Chúng tôi tiến hành sửa van 3 lá sau thay van 2 lá bằng phương pháp sử dụng giải PTFE bắc cầu giữa hai trụ, được tạo bởi khung sợi phải và vòng van lá sau(được khâu lại} để giữ vòng van 3 lá không bị giãn sau mổ, bước đầu đạt được kết quả khả quan.
Mục đích của bài báo này nhằm: đánh giá bước đầu kết quả phương pháp tạo hình vòng van ba lá của chúng tôi.
Random Forest-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Data-Optimization Approach for Smart Grid Impedance Prediction in the Powerline Narrowband Frequency Band
Authors: Oyekanlu Emmanuel , Uddin Jia 
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, the random forest-based ensemble regression method is used for the prediction of powerline impedance at the powerline communication (PLC) narrowband frequency range. It is discovered that while PLC load transfer function, phase, and frequency are crucial to powerline impedance estimation, the problem of data multicollinearity can adversely impact accurate prediction and lead to excessive mean square error (MSE). High MSE is obtained when multiple transfer functions corresponding to different PLC load transfer functions are used for random forest ensemble regression. Low MSE indicating more accurate impedance prediction is obtained when PLC load transfer function data is selectively used. Using data corresponding to 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 W PLC load transfer functions together led to poor impedance prediction, while using lesser amount of carefully selected data led to better impedance prediction. These results show that artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as random forest ensemble regression and deterministic data-optimization approach can be utilized for smart grid (SG) health monitoring applications using PLC-based sensors. Machine learning can also be applied to the design of better powerline communication signal transceivers and equalizers.
Professionsidentitet i bevægelse
Authors: Munksgaard Kristian Fahnøe , Schmidt Christina Haandbæk , Skovgaard Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Artiklens ærinde er dels at udforske, hvordan pædagoger kan begribe og udvikle deres professionsidentitet, og dels at udfolde hvilken betydning bevægelse har for en teoretisk forståelse af professionsidentitet. En teoretiske indkredsning af begrebet professionsidentitet kvalificeres via et realist review og en interviewundersøgelse af fire daginstitutionspædagoger. Artiklen konkluderer, at self-efficacy, motivation, affektiv engagement og praksisfællesskaber kan anvendes som analytiske redskaber til at få øje på, hvordan pædagoger udvikler professionsidentitet i kontekster hvor bevægelse har et særligt fokus. Artiklens pointer perspektiveres afslutningsvist i relation til en analyse af læringsforståelser i bekendtgørelsen for pædagoguddannelsen.
AbstractThe purpose of this article is partly to explore how pedagogues understand and develop professional identity and partly to elaborate upon how pedagogues’ sense of embodiment and physical activity are significant to a theoretical understanding of professional identity. A theoretical identification of professional identity is informed and elaborated upon via a realist review and a study based on interviews of four daycare pedagogues. In conclusion the article specifies self-efficacy, motivation, affective commitment, and communities of practice as a relevant analytical apparatus to identify and discuss development of professional identity and the significance of sense of embodiment and physical activity in this context. Finally the conclusion is put into perspective in relation to the current Danish Bachelor Programme of Social Education
The efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab in reducing severe COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Kaye Avi Gurion , Siegel Robert 
Published: November 2020

Background
In the absence of highly effective antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to counter the known pathophysiological causes of severe COVID-19. Evaluating the efficacy existing drugs may expedite the development of such therapeutics. Severe COVID-19 is largely the result of a dysregulated immune response characterized by lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and critical hypercytokinemia, or “cytokine storm,” which is largely mediated by the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). The IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) could potentially suppress the effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and thereby lower mortality from the disease. This systematic analysis aimed to investigate and synthesize existing evidence for the efficacy of TCZ in reducing COVID-19 mortality.

Methodology
PubMed and SearchWorks searches were performed to locate clinical studies with primary data on TCZ treatment for severe COVID-19. Sixteen case-control studies comparing mortality between TCZ and standard of care (SOC) were identified for quantitative synthesis. The systematic analysis was pre-approved through PROSPERO (CRD42020193479).

Results
Combined mortality for the TCZ-treated and SOC groups were 26.0% and 43.4% respectively. In all but one of the studies, the odds ratio of mortality from COVID-19 pointed towards lower fatality with TCZ vs the SOC. A combined random effects odds ratio calculation yielded an odds ratio of 0.453 (95% CI [0.376–0.547], p < 0.001). Additionally, 18 uncontrolled trials were identified for qualitative analysis producing a raw combined mortality rate of 16.0%.

Conclusions
Important caveats to this research include the lack of prospective randomized control trials and the absence of data from the large COVATA study from the published literature. However, results from this systematic analysis of published research provide positive evidence for the potential efficacy of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19, validating the ethical basis and merit of ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials.