bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived participation and autonomy post‐stroke and associated factors: An explorative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Yuxia , Zhang Wei , Ye Mingming , Zhou Lanshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the level and associated factors of perceived participation and autonomy among stroke survivors in Shanghai, China.DesignCross‐sectional explorative study.MethodsFrom January to December 2018, 431 patients presenting at the neurology departments of three hospitals with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke were recruited. Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire, modified Rankin Scale, Self‐efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease six‐item Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were applied to measure their participation, physical function, self‐efficacy, coping styles, and social support.ResultsThe average score of perceived participation and autonomy was 41.30 (SD 21.22); and 54.3%, 46.9%, 21.6%, and 7.7% of the participants reported poor participation in social relations, family role, autonomy indoors, and autonomy outdoors. Age, physical function, self‐efficacy, friend support, and knowledge of stroke were predictors of post‐stroke participation. Physical function and self‐efficacy were the most relevant factors of nearly all domains of participation except autonomy outdoors, while predictors of autonomy outdoors were social support, resignation coping style, and knowledge of stroke.ConclusionThe stroke patients experienced insufficient participation compared with previous studies in western countries. Patients' physical function and self‐efficacy were particularly important and contributed to their participation, while the patient's age, perceived social support, coping styles, and knowledge of stroke also played a role in formulating participation.ImpactThe results may be used to provide nurses with a better understanding of the participation among stroke patients and assist them in promoting the post‐stroke participation. Nurses should pay special attention to those with older age, worse physical function, lower self‐efficacy, less support, little stroke‐related knowledge, or who applied resignation coping style since those patients might experience lower participation in their daily life. It needs further studies to explore the causal effects of self‐efficacy, coping styles, and social support on post‐stroke participation.
Understanding preparation for preterm infant discharge from parents’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hua Wenzhe , Wang Liying , Li Chenxing , Simoni Jane M. , Yuwen Weichao , Jiang Liping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the facilitating/inhibiting factors of preparation for preterm infant discharge and recommendations for increasing discharge readiness from parents’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives based on Meleis's Transitions Theory.DesignA qualitative cross‐sectional descriptive design.MethodsWe selected a purposive sample of 17 parents (9 fathers and 8 mothers) and 13 healthcare providers (10 nurses and 3 clinicians) from the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Eastern China. Data were collected between May ‐July 2018. Data from audio‐recorded semi‐structured individual interviews were coded with content analysis both inductively and deductively.ResultsThe analyses yielded four themes: personal conditions, community conditions, nursing therapeutics, and patterns of response. Parents and healthcare providers had unique opinions about the themes.ConclusionMeleis's Transitions Theory seems to be an applicable and practicable framework for understanding the discharge preparation of parents with preterm infants and may be used to help healthcare providers to develop appropriate interventions on discharge preparation practice.ImpactTo address the lack of discharge readiness of preterm infants in China and countries with a similar clinical context, healthcare providers should help parents play a more active role to promote their engagement in discharge preparation. In a wider global community, healthcare providers should consider parents’ personal conditions and their practical needs in performing discharge preparation.
Genomic analysis of gaits and racing performance of the French trotter
Authors: Ricard Anne , Duluard Arnaud 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim was to disentangle gait characteristics from other qualities needed for racing performances with a genomic analysis of French trotters (FT). A sample of 1,390 horses were recruited, from which 46% were genotyped with Illumina chip of 54,602 SNPs, 49% with Affymetrix chip of 670,806 SNPs and 586 had a completed questionnaire on trotting technique. Racing performances cover the period 1996 to 2018. There were 252,368 FT‐born; 96,617 qualified and 83,962 which participated in a race. After quality control, 377,611 SNPs were retained and imputed. Questionnaire described trotting technique over 13 questions which were summarized, after principal component analysis in 3 traits: pacer, heavy trot/gallop and other defects. GWAS and genomic evaluation were performed using single‐step approach. We found 25 QTL for racing performances and 9 for trotting technique. Only DMRT3 mutation was significant for both traits. To tend to pace avoid the defect at gallop and lead to a better early career for earnings, less percentage of disqualified races at all ages and more harness than under saddle career. This is the portrait of AA genotype at DMRT3. We found 5 other QTL, not linked to gait traits, which might improve selection of genetically independent performance traits of earnings per races and percentage of finished races. For only earnings at different ages and in under saddle or harness races, genomic evaluation remains the best way to predict performances.
Isolated systolic hypertension in Asia
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Ying , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Chia Yook‐Chin , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Minh Huynh Van , Siddique Saulat , Turana Yuda , Tay Jam Chin , Kario Kazuomi , Chen Chen‐Huan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the most common type of essential hypertension in the elderly and young adults. With rapid industrialization and population aging, the prevalence of ISH in Asia will rise substantially. Asian populations have distinct epidemiological features, risk factors and are especially vulnerable to ISH. There is a pressing need for Asian countries to formulate their unique strategies for control of ISH. In this review, we focus on the (1) epidemiology and pathophysiology, (2) risk factors and impact on outcomes, and (3) treatment goal and strategy for ISH in Asia.
Type 2 MI induced by a single high dose of isoproterenol in C57BL/6J mice triggers a persistent adaptive immune response against the heart
Authors: Forte Elvira , Panahi Mona , Baxan Nicoleta , Ng Fu Siong , Boyle Joseph J. , Branca Jane , Bedard Olivia , Hasham Muneer G. , Benson Lindsay , Harding Sian E. , Rosenthal Nadia , Sattler Susanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeart failure is the common final pathway of several cardiovascular conditions and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aberrant activation of the adaptive immune system in response to myocardial necrosis has recently been implicated in the development of heart failure. The ß‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol hydrochloride is used for its cardiac effects in a variety of different dosing regimens with high doses causing acute cardiomyocyte necrosis. To assess whether isoproterenol‐induced cardiomyocyte necrosis triggers an adaptive immune response against the heart, we treated C57BL/6J mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol. We confirmed tissue damage reminiscent of human type 2 myocardial infarction. This is followed by an adaptive immune response targeting the heart as demonstrated by the activation of T cells, the presence of anti‐heart auto‐antibodies in the serum as late as 12 weeks after initial challenge and IgG deposition in the myocardium. All of these are hallmark signs of an established autoimmune response. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from isoproterenol‐treated mice induces left ventricular dilation and impairs cardiac function in healthy recipients. In summary, a single administration of a high dose of isoproterenol is a suitable high‐throughput model for future studies of the pathological mechanisms of anti‐heart autoimmunity and to test potential immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches.
ADFP promotes cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma via Akt phosphorylation
Authors: Meng Xia , Sun Ruiying , Wang Wei , Zhang Na , Cao Shiguang , Liu Boxuan , Fang Ping , Deng Shanshan , Yang Shuanying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPreviously, we identified differentially expressed proteins, including ADFP, between lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) tissue and paired normal bronchioloalveolar epithelium. In this study, we investigated the role of ADFP in LAC. ADFP levels in the serum of patients with lung cancer and benign diseases were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). shRNA was used to knock‐down or overexpress ADFP in A549 and NCI‐H1299 cells. The biological function of ADFP and its underlying mechanisms was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. ADFP was highly expressed in the serum of lung cancer patients, especially those with LAC. ADFP promoted cell proliferation and up‐regulated the p‐Akt/Akt ratio in A549 and NCI‐H1299 cells in vitro. Furthermore, in nude mice, ADFP promoted tumour formation with high levels of p‐Akt/Akt, Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Similar to the effect of ADFP knock‐down, MK‐2206 (a phosphorylation inhibitor of Akt) reduced A549 and NCI‐H1299 cell proliferation. In ADFP‐overexpressing A549 and NCI‐H1299 cells, proliferation was suppressed by MK‐2206 and returned to the control level. ADFP did not regulate invasion, migration or adhesion in LAC cells. Together, these results suggest that ADFP promotes LAC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by increasing Akt phosphorylation level.
Entry threat, entry delay, and Internet speed: The timing of the U.S. broadband rollout
Authors: Wilson Kyle , Xiao Mo , Orazem Peter F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a rapidly growing industry, potential entrants strategically choose which local markets to enter. Facing the threat of additional entrants, a potential entrant may lower its expectation of future profits and delay entry into a local market, or it may accelerate entry due to preemptive motives. Using the evolution of local market structures of broadband Internet service providers from 1999 to 2007, we find that the former effect dominates the latter after allowing for spatial correlation across markets and accounting for endogenous market structure. On average, it takes 2 years longer for threatened markets to receive their first broadband entrant. Moreover, this entry delay has long‐run negative implications for the divergence of the U.S. broadband infrastructure: 1 year of entry delay translates into an 11% decrease on average present‐day download speeds.
New insights into patterns and rates of tooth replacement in serrasalmid and characid fishes, with implications for the subsistence fishery of Peru's remote ribereños villages
Authors: Stuart Courtney E. , Green Stephanie J. , Vernygora Oksana , LeBlanc Aaron R. H. , Bertschi Mary H. , Brown Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe explored patterns, rates and unexpected socio‐ecological consequences of tooth replacement in serrasalmids and characids of the Peruvian Amazon using microcomputed tomography. Of 24 specimens collected in February 2019, representing a mix of red‐bellied piranha Pygocentrus nattereri, redeye piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus, silver dollar fish Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus and mojara Astyanax abramis, six individuals possessed edentulous jaw quadrants. On average, 22.9% of fish collected per day from these species featured incomplete dentition, a value three to five times higher than anticipated based on replacement rates estimated from captive fish, differences that may be driven by ontogeny, seasonality or environmental quality.
OPTIMIZATION OF A NEW CULTURE MEDIUM FOR THE LARGE‐SCALE PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN‐RICH ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS (OSCILLATORIALES, CYANOPHYCEAE)
Authors: Gómez Cintia , Guzmán‐Carrasco Ana , Lafarga Tomas , Acién‐Fernández Francisco Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

Our aim was to develop a novel medium for the large‐scale production of protein‐rich Arthrospira with potential applications as a biofertilizer. The novel culture medium, termed as FM‐II, was formulated using low‐cost commercial chemicals and specifically designed to improve protein production. Both Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima were produced using FM‐II and Arnon medium, which was used as a control. Photosynthetic status of the cells, which was checked by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass dry weight and protein content, was assessed daily. Arthrospira platensis had higher biomass and protein productivities than A. maxima when cultured in both control and FM‐II media. Incorporation of varied micronutrients into FM‐II formulation did not improve biomass productivity. Maximum biomass dry weight in FM‐II and control medium was 2.9 and 2.5 g · L−1, respectively. Total protein content of the biomass ranged between 55% and 65%, suggesting potential for being used in the development of high‐value agricultural products. As some nutrients were discarded unused, the initial content of phosphates and bicarbonates was reduced by 75% and 50%, respectively, without affecting the process productivity. Results reported herein could promote the production and utilization of Arthrospira platensis by significantly reducing productions costs and therefore increasing the feasibility of the process.
Molecular identification of bird species in the diet of the bird‐like noctule bat in Japan
Authors: Ibáñez C. , Fukui D. , Popa‐Lisseanu A .G. , Pastor‐Beviá D. , García‐Mudarra J. L. , Juste J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the birds in the diet of the bird‐like noctule (Nyctalus aviator) through DNA amplification from feather remains found in faecal pellets. Our goal was to confirm whether N. aviator preys on nocturnally migratory species, as does its European relative N. lasiopterus, and to gain insight into this hunting strategy (e.g. on the wing vs. from cavities). The diversity and the characteristics of the birds found in the faecal remains indicate that in Japan N. aviator employs a similar hunting strategy on songbirds as N. lasiopterus in Iberia. Both noctules are primarily generalist insectivores that prey seasonally on songbirds of 5‐25 g body mass during their migration and probably hunt them at high altitude. Accordingly, predation on birds seems to be a strategy that appears in distant points across the Palaearctic and is not the result of local specialization. We hypothesize that the bird hunting behaviour appeared during evolution as a trophic jump from a pre‐existing hunting behaviour on the many insects that carry out seasonal nocturnal migrations in temperate zones at high altitude.
LGR5 induces β‐catenin activation and augments tumour progression by activating STAT3 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kawasaki Keishi , Kuboki Satoshi , Furukawa Katsunori , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Takano Shigetsugu , Ohtsuka Masayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsLGR5 enhances Wnt‐β‐catenin signalling; however, involvement of LGR5 or Wnt‐β‐catenin signalling in ICC progression has not been reported.MethodsFunctions and regulations of LGR5‐mediated β‐catenin activation in ICC progression were evaluated using surgical specimens collected from 61 ICC patients or 2 ICC cell lines.ResultsLGR5 expression was increased in some cases of ICC. It was positively correlated with β‐catenin activation, OLFM4 expression and STAT3 activation, and negatively correlated with GRIM19 expression in ICC, thereby enhancing cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like property and EMT. High LGR5 expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis in ICC after operation. In vitro, Wnt inhibition by IWP‐2 suppressed β‐catenin activation, OLFM4 expression and STAT3 activation. IWP‐2 treatment decreased expression of EpCAM, CD133, vimentin and increased E‐cadherin expression. The rate of mesenchymal cells was decreased and cell invasiveness was suppressed after IWP‐2 treatment, suggesting that Wnt‐β‐catenin signalling enhanced CSC‐like property and EMT by activating STAT3. In addition, LGR5 knockdown inhibited β‐catenin activation, resulting in suppression of β‐catenin‐induced STAT3 activation through inhibition of OLFM4‐GRIM19 cascade. As these results, LGR5 knockdown suppressed CSC‐like property and EMT. Therefore, LGR5 was a key regulator for β‐catenin activation, and β‐catenin was unable to be activated without LGR5.ConclusionsLGR5 is essential for β‐catenin activation induced by Wnt signalling. Activated β‐catenin further activates STAT3 and enhances CSC‐like property and EMT, leading to aggressive tumour progression and poor prognosis in patients with ICC. Therefore, LGR5 is an excellent prognostic predictor and a promising therapeutic target for ICC.
E‐Learning for Continuing Medical Education of Neurology Residents
Authors: Dong Liang , Gao Tingting , Zheng Wei , Zeng Kebin , Wu Xiushu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the application, advantages, and disadvantages of E‐learning in neurology education. The findings of the study demonstrate that E‐learning can effectively improve learning efficiency and reduce learning costs. Neurologists can access the right study material on the Internet anytime, anywhere. Compared with traditional teaching methods, it is easier for text, graphics, animation, audio, video, and other multimedia formats of E‐learning to attract learners' interest. This makes the complex subject of neurology, including its basic theories, more vivid, and easier to understand for young neurologists. Moreover, in clinical practice, gaps in knowledge and skills acquisition can be bridged by treating virtual patients and watching videos of examination techniques and pathological signs. Compared with traditional teaching methods, E‐learning can better meet individual needs, and thus it has come to be one of the foremost choices for young neurologists to continue learning.
Signals and signal transduction pathways in Entamoeba histolytica during the life cycle and when interacting with bacteria or human cells
Authors: Guillen Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEntamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis in humans. This ameba parasite resides as a commensal in the intestine where it shares intestinal resources with the bacterial microbiome. In the intestinal ecosystem, the ameba encysts and eventually develops disease by invading the tissues. E. histolytica possesses cell surface receptors for the proper sensing of signals involved in encystation or sustaining parasite interaction with bacteria and human cells. Among those receptors are the Gal/GalNAc lectin, G protein‐coupled receptors, and transmembrane kinases. In addition there are recently discovered, promising proteins, including orthologs of Toll‐type receptors and β trefoil lectins. These proteins trigger a wide variety of signal transduction pathways; however, most of the players involved in the signaling pathways evoked in this parasite are unknown. This review provides an overview of amoebic receptors and their role in encystation, adherence to bacteria or human cells, as well as the reported intracellular signal transduction processes that they can trigger. This knowledge is essential for understanding the lifestyle of E. histolytica and its cytopathic effect on bacteria and human cells that are responsible for infection.
Aerosol barriers in pediatric anesthesiology: Clinical data supports FDA caution
Authors: Tighe Nathaniel T. G. , McClain Craig D. , Vlassakova Bistra G. , Cravero Joseph P. , Peyton James M. , Kovatsis Pete G. , Park Raymond S. , Stein Mary Lyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe onset of the COVID19 pandemic drove the rapid development and adoption of physical barriers intended to protect providers from aerosols generated during airway management. We report our initial experience with aerosol barrier devices in pediatric patients and raise concerns that they may increase risk to patients.MethodsIn March 2020, we developed and implemented simulation training and use of plastic aerosol barrier devices as a component of our perioperative COVID‐19 workflow. As part of our quality improvement process, we obtained detailed feedback via a web‐based survey after cases were performed while using these aerosol barriers.ResultsBetween March and June 2020, 36 pediatric patients age 1mo‐18years with anatomically normal airways and either PCR confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 were intubated under an aerosol barrier as part of urgent or emergent anesthetic care at our institution. Experienced providers had more difficulty than expected in six (16.7%) of the cases with four cases requiring multiple attempts to secure the airway and two cases involving pronounced difficulty in a single attempt. The aerosol barrier was perceived as a contributing factor to difficulty in all cases.ConclusionThe use of barriers may result in unanticipated difficulties with airway management, particularly in pediatric patients, which could lead to hypoxemia or other patient harm. Our initial experience in pediatric patients is the first such report in patients and provides clinical data which corroborates the simulation data prompting the FDA to withdraw support of barriers.
Which inflammatory marker is more reliable in diagnosing acute septic arthritis in the pediatric population?
Authors: Bayram Serkan , Bilgili Fuat , Kıral Doğan , Yağcı Taha Furkan , Yıldırım Ahmet Müçteba , Demirel Mehmet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate diagnostic values of C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio as possible indirect inflammatory markers in children with septic arthritis (SA) for diagnosis process.MethodsThe medical records of pediatric patients with SA who underwent debridement surgery between February 2005 and November 2018 were obtained from the hospital records. A total of 59 children with SA and 60 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Hemograms parameters including WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count, CRP, ESR, NLR, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio. Biochemical parameters including alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, and albumin were investigated and compared between both groups.ResultsFifty‐nine patients, 30% female (n: 18) and 70% male (n: 41), who had received operations for SA were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 7.1 (range 6 days to 15 years) years and mean follow up 56.6 (12–140) months. No significant differences were observed in any biochemical parameters between the groups. However, a significant difference was found between the septic arthritis and the control group in all hemogram parameters.ConclusionsAlthough the sensitivity and specificity of the NLR are lower than CRP, ESR, and WBC which are most commonly used inflammatory parameters in diagnosis process of septic arthritis, NLR may be useful in confirming the diagnosis in the clinical practise, with an optimum diagnostic cut‐off value of 4.05.