bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exponentially correlated Hylleraas‐configuration interaction nonrelativistic energy of the 1S ground state of the helium atom
Authors: Sims James S. , Padhy Bholanath , Ruiz María Belén 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA generalization of the Hylleraas‐configuration interaction method (Hy‐CI) first proposed in a previous study, the exponentially correlated Hylleraas‐configuration interaction method (E‐Hy‐CI) in which the single rij of an Hy‐CI wave function is generalized to a form of the generic type , is explored. This type of correlation, suggested by Hirshfelder in 1960, has the right behavior in the vicinity of both the rij cusp as rij goes to 0 and as rij goes to infinity; this work explores whether wave functions containing both linear and exponential rij factors converge more rapidly than either one alone. The method of calculation of the two‐electron E‐Hy‐CI kinetic energy and electron repulsion integrals in a stable and efficient way using recursion relations is discussed, and the relevant formulas are given. The convergence of the E‐Hy‐CI wave function expansion is compared with that of the Hy‐CI wave function without exponential correlation factors, demonstrating both convergence acceleration and an improvement in the accuracy for the same basis. This makes the application of the E‐Hy‐CI method to systems with N > 4, for which this formalism with at most a single factor per term leads to solvable integrals, very promising. E‐Hy‐CI method variational calculations with up to 10,080 expansion terms are reported for the ground 1S state of the neutral helium atom, with a resultant nonrelativistic energy of −2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9831 1084 hartree for the best expansion.
Characterization of the fragmentation behaviors of protonated α‐cyclodextrin generated by electrospray ionization
Authors: Jang Soonmin , Choi Sung‐Seen 
Published: October 2020

RationaleElectrospray ionization (ESI) of an aqueous solution of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) gave a protonated molecule, [α‐CD + H]+. The fragmentation behavior of the protonated molecule, including direct decomposition and ring cleavage, was investigated by varying the source fragmentor voltage. The possible chemical structures of the product ions were also examined using electronic structure calculations.MethodsAn aqueous α‐CD solution was ionized by ESI and the source fragmentor voltage was varied to examine changes of the product ions depending on collision energy. The structures and energies of the precursor and product ions were obtained by electronic structure calculations using Spartan’10 and Gaussian09.ResultsThe major product ions were [M + H – 162m]+ (where m = 1–5), with the most abundant being [M + H – 162 × 4]+. The product ions had two chemical structures of the cationic site in the ether linkage ([DPDn – OH]+) and in the terminal oxonium ion ([DPn – OH]+) formed by direct decomposition of [α‐CD + H]+ and fragmentation of the open structure ([DP6 – OH]+), respectively. The [DP6 – OH]+ ion is more stable than the [α‐CD + H]+ ion.ConclusionsThe fragmentation behavior of protonated α‐CD was characterized by two pathways: direct decomposition of [α‐CD + H]+ and decomposition of the [DP6 – OH]+ open structure. Differences in the relative abundances of product ions were explained by the different fragmentation pathways of [α‐CD + H]+ and [DP6 – OH]+.
Delay‐dependent stability of nonlinear hybrid neutral stochastic differential equations with multiple delays
Authors: Song Ruili , Wang Bo , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study the delay‐dependent stability of a class of hybrid neutral stochastic differential equations (NSDEs) with multiple delays which is highly nonlinear. Some novel stability criteria are investigated according to Lyapunov functions and generalized Itô's formula. In particular, we generalize and improve the results in Shen et al, Systems & Control Letters (2018) from a single delay to multiple delays.
Cholesterol‐Coupled Diazine‐Phenol Gelator: Cyanide Sensing, Phase‐Selective Gelation in Oil Spill Recovery and Dye Adsorption
Authors: Panja Atanu , Raza Rameez , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCholesterol‐appended gelator 1 describing the linking of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde with cholesterol coupled benzaldehyde via hydrazine linker has been synthesized and established as multi responsive material. It forms stable gels from semi‐aqueous and benzenoid solvents, as well as in hydrocarbons and fuel oils. Aggregation of the gelator takes place because of the function of several weak forces in solution. Extensive π‐π stacking between the naphthalene units and hydrophobic interaction exerted by the cholesterol surface encourage gelation. The phenolic −OH serves as an anion binding site. Importantly, 1,4‐dioxane‐H2O gel of 1 is CN− ‐responsive and shows gel‐to‐sol phase transformation with color and fluorescence changes selectively in presence of CN‐ ion. Gelator 1 also exhibits phase‐selective gelation (PSG) behaviour and forms stable gels with water‐immiscible solvents from their aqueous biphasic mixtures. Such phase‐selective gelation of 1 avails some potential and promising real‐life applicability in environmental remediation (oil spill recovery and purification of dye‐contaminated water). The gel phase selectively removes cationic dyes such as Crystal Violet (CV) and Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solution in a short time with high efficiency (∼99 %).
Triazole‐Modified Molybdenum Oxide with High Proton Conductivity
Authors: Li Zhuo , Lu Ying , Zhang Shan , Sun Xiu‐Wei , Dang Tian‐Yi , Zhang Zhong , Tian Hong‐Rui , Liu Shu‐Xia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, the research of proton conductive materials has been extended from traditional sulfonated polymers to novel crystalline solid materials. It is important but still challenging to develop high‐performance proton‐conducting materials suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Considering the features of molybdenum oxide and triazole in the construction of proton‐conducting material, two triazole‐modified molybdenum oxides, [MoO3(trz)0.5] 1 and [H(atrz)4[(atrz)2(γ‐Mo8O26)] ⋅ 2H2O 2 (trz=1,2,4‐triazole, atrz=3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole), were re‐synthesized under optimized synthetic conditions, and their proton‐conducting performances were investigated. 1 and 2 show high proton conductivities of 1.94×10−2 S cm−1 (85 °C, 95 % RH) and 1.3×10−3 S cm−1 (65 °C, 95 % RH), respectively.
Aerobic Oxidation of Styrene over Indium‐Impregnated Mesoporous Silica: Distinctive Effect of Supports on Epoxidation Activity
Authors: Das Prangya Paramita , Chowdhury Biswajit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiquid phase oxidation of styrene was performed over a series of indium impregnated mesoporous silica materials In‐KIT‐6, In‐HMS‐X and In‐TUD‐1of different morphologies with a constant indium loading of 1 wt % using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Among these catalysts, In‐HMS‐X showed superior catalytic activity in terms of styrene conversion of 57 % and In‐TUD‐1 in terms of styrene oxide selectivity of 90 %. Larger surface area, larger pore diameter, more surface hydrophobicity, more surface acidity were found to be the deciding factors for better conversion. More oxygen uptake, higher reducibility of In species and well dispersion of metal over support were found to be the key enablers for better selectivity. All the catalysts were recyclable up to 5 th cycle.
Molten Salt Treated Cu Foam Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Sanzhao , Meng Jun , Wang Yu , Zhou Jing , Zhang Linjuan , Gao Na , Guan Chengzhi , Xiao Guoping , Hu Zhiwei , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Du Xian‐Long , Hu Jun , Wang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a promising route to convert waste products to valuable chemicals. Search for suitable and efficient CO2 reduction electrocatalysts with high C2:C1 selectivity holds great promise. Herein, for the first time we have developed a molten salt oxidized method to modify the morphology and oxidation state of a Cu‐foam catalyst. The catalyst displayed a current density of 30 mA cm−2 (−1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode) and an ethylene/methane ratio of 870. We provide insight into the improved performance of the catalysts by cross section scanning transmission electron microscopy and quasi in situ soft X‐ray spectroscope, which show that copper oxides are surprisingly reconstructed with Cu (I) and Cu (0) on the surface during the reaction. First principle calculations also demonstrate that the partly reduced Cu2O (111) surface has a high reactivity and selectivity for C2+ products. Furthermore, the molten salt treated catalysts could be applied to the direct synthesis of multi‐carbon fuels, including C3‐C4 compounds in high CO2 pressure electrocatalytic reduction. Our results demonstrate that molten salt are both the oxidizing agent and reaction medium, which is a promising approach for synthesis of highly active CO2 electrocatalysts, which may open a new way for industrial application.
APISonar: Mining API usage examples
Authors: Hora Andre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDevelopers spend a significant part of their time searching for code examples on the web. Often, they look for Application Programming Interface (API) usage examples, that is, how to use APIs provided by libraries and frameworks. For this purpose, several programming websites are available. Some programming websites provide manually created examples: unfortunately, as millions of APIs are available nowadays, they do not cover the majority of the APIs. To alleviate this limitation, other programming websites focus on automatically mining API usage examples from code repositories. To the best of our knowledge, however, these solutions are still very limited: they often present poor, duplicated, and similar API usage examples. In this article, we propose an approach, APISonar, to automatically mine API usage examples from code repositories. Our approach aims to overcome the limitations of current solutions: we focus on presenting readable and reusable API usage examples. We analyze millions of source files provided by 4486 software projects hosted on GitHub. Based on this data, we extract 11 million API usage examples about 1.5 million distinct APIs. We evaluate APISonar by assessing its quality and usage. We show that APISonar is a competitive solution, providing the best API examples in terms of readability and reusability, as compared with popular programming websites. Moreover, despite being a novel website, APISonar attracted a significant amount of users in a short period (3.7K users from 119 countries during 5 months). APISonar is available at www.apisonar.com.
Label‐free monitoring and manipulation of microfluidic water‐in‐oil droplets
Authors: Frey Christoph , Pfeil Jonas , Neckernuss Tobias , Geiger Daniel , Weishaupt Klaus , Platzman Ilia , Marti Othmar , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDroplet‐based microfluidic technology offers several benefits: the integration of multiple laboratory functions into a single microfabricated chip, manual intervention possibilities, minimal sample consumption, and increased analysis speed and data precision. These advantages have boosted the widespread application of this technology in biological and biomedical research. Despite recent progress, considerable challenges remain to be addressed for end‐user applications. This especially concerns the difficulty of creating powerful and easy to implement methods for real‐time analysis and active manipulation of passing droplets. Toward this end, we developed a very sensitive optical device equipped with smart algorithms for real‐time label‐free monitoring and active manipulation of passing droplets. We demonstrate the advanced properties of the developed optical device by measuring different droplet production parameters as well as the label‐free detection of cells in droplets. Moreover, the newly developed technology was connected with a function generator system to allow for subsequent manipulation of the monitored droplets based on the measured parameters. As an example, we performed electric field‐mediated, label‐free sorting of cell‐containing droplets from empty ones. Furthermore, we achieved an efficient size‐based separation of droplets. We envision that the developed optical device will be a useful tool for the online monitoring of passing droplets and will be implemented for the integration and automation of various droplet‐based microfluidic functional units.
The adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions by Fe, Mn, and Fe/Mn modified natural clinoptilolite and optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Bilici Baskan Meltem , Biyikli Ali Riza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural clinoptilolite was modified using iron, manganese, or iron‐manganese for adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions. Natural and modified clinoptilolite samples were characterized by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. For all modified clinoptilolite samples, the time required to reach equilibrium was determined as 5 hr. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, and initial fluoride concentration for fluoride adsorption were determined using the Box–Behnken Design. Maximum fluoride removal efficiency was 80.23% at the solution pH of 11, iron‐modified clinoptilolite amount of 1.08 g/50 ml and at the initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. Fluoride adsorption on iron‐modified clinoptilolite showed good compatibility with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of iron‐modified clinoptilolite was found to be 1.72 mg/g for the initial fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L. This study has shown that BBD is an effective and dependable method in determining the optimum conditions for fluoride adsorption.Practitioner points

Response surface methodology is effective in determining the optimum conditions for fluoride adsorption using modified clinoptilolite.

Fluoride adsorption on iron‐modified clinoptilolite is well described Freundlich isotherm and follows pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.

Fluoride removal percentage not only depends on the adsorbent dose, but also depends on the initial fluoride concentrations.

Regeneration process using acid solution is not very effective for desorption of iron‐modified zeolite.

The natural clinoptilolite is an effective and economical adsorbent for adsorption of fluoride.
Regulation of ribosomal protein genes: An ordered anarchy
Authors: Petibon Cyrielle , Malik Ghulam Mustafa , Catala Mathieu , Abou Elela Sherif 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRibosomal protein genes are among the most highly expressed genes in most cell types. Their products are generally essential for ribosome synthesis, which is the cornerstone for cell growth and proliferation. Many cellular resources are dedicated to producing ribosomal proteins and thus this process needs to be regulated in ways that carefully balance the supply of nascent ribosomal proteins with the demand for new ribosomes. Ribosomal protein genes have classically been viewed as a uniform interconnected regulon regulated in eukaryotic cells by target of rapamycin and protein kinase A pathway in response to changes in growth conditions and/or cellular status. However, recent literature depicts a more complex picture in which the amount of ribosomal proteins produced varies between genes in response to two overlapping regulatory circuits. The first includes the classical general ribosome‐producing program and the second is a gene‐specific feature responsible for fine‐tuning the amount of ribosomal proteins produced from each individual ribosomal gene. Unlike the general pathway that is mainly controlled at the level of transcription and translation, this specific regulation of ribosomal protein genes is largely achieved through changes in pre‐mRNA splicing efficiency and mRNA stability. By combining general and specific regulation, the cell can coordinate ribosome production, while allowing functional specialization and diversity. Here we review the many ways ribosomal protein genes are regulated, with special focus on the emerging role of posttranscriptional regulatory events in fine‐tuning the expression of ribosomal protein genes and its role in controlling the potential variation in ribosome functions.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function
Translation > Translation Regulation
Seeing the Landscape Through Textual and Graphical Media Products
Authors: Eide Øyvind , Schubert Zoe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpace is a central element in human communication. In this chapter, the authors compare representations of landscapes in different media types, including texts, maps, and virtual reality to show how they express spatial conceptions. Such a comparison is necessary to understand the mechanisms behind combinations and transformations among different media; hence, it forms a useful basis for analysing media interacting with spaces more generally. Taking a step back, the authors then discuss how the materiality and concreteness of space interact with the abstract conceptual level of models. This makes it possible to study traditional two-dimensional maps and texts as well as three-dimensional modelling and virtual reality systems. Finally, the authors introduce virtual reality as a new media form in the light of empirical experiments conducted at the University of Cologne.
Justice vs Control in Cloud Computing: A Conceptual Framework for Positioning a Cloud Service Provider’s Privacy Orientation
Authors: Lyons Valerie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe continued rise in frequency and magnitude of cloud-based privacy breaches brings to the fore the challenges experienced by cloud service providers (CSPs) in balancing the need to maximize profit with the need to maintain data privacy. With a backdrop of the ineffectiveness of regulatory approaches to protecting privacy, this chapter explores privacy from a non-regulatory perspective—instead exploring a CSP’s approach to privacy as dynamics of control and justice. We apply control theory to represent the CSP’s compliance with privacy legislation and power over data, and we apply justice theory to represent the CSP exceeding compliance. Control theories, such as social contract theory, have frequently been applied to explore privacy challenges between organizations and consumers, as too have justice theories e.g. procedural and distributive justice. However, few studies have combined these theoretical concepts to provide a balanced view of these tensions in the cloud computing landscape. Integrating concepts from these theories, we construct a framework that can help to explain and position a CSP’s privacy orientation. Four key privacy orientations emerge in our framework, namely: Risk Managers, Integrators, Citizens and Warriors. We discuss the implications of each privacy orientation for CSPs. Our framework will enable future research to further understand, explore and compare the impact and effectiveness of each privacy orientation.
The Metamorphosis of the Significance of Death in Revolutionary Times: Mohammad Rabie’s Otared (2014)
Authors: Said Walaa 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAlthough the rate of violence and death in Egyptian public places have increased dramatically since January 25, 2011, death and mourning have been dismissed from the focus of Tahrir writing, which is inclined to receive the eventful day and its aftermath through euphoric lens. As a counter-response, the rising wave of dystopian novels has flourished to provide a more confrontational attitude toward death as an inherent component of the revolutionary act. This chapter tackles the theme of violent death and its reflections in dystopian novels, with a close reading of Muḥammad Rabīʿ’s ʿUṭārid (2014).
Tunisia’s Re-Configurations and Transitional Justice in Process: How Planned Processes of Social and Political Change Interplay with Unplanned Political Dynamics
Authors: Salehi Mariam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter seeks to explain the developments of the Tunisian transitional justice process. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s ideas about social processes, it argues that dynamics of transitional justice processes can neither be understood solely in light of international norms and the “justice industry” that both shape institutionalized transitional justice projects, nor simply by examining context and the political preferences of domestic actors. Rather, these shifts are shaped by the interplay of planned processes with unplanned political and social dynamics; with a political context in flux, power shifts, and sometimes competing planned efforts in other realms. Empirically grounded in “process-concurrent” field research in post- “Arab Spring” Tunisia, the contribution shows that a technocratic/institutionalized transitional justice project can develop dynamics that are somewhat, but not entirely, independent of power shifts. However, the above interplays may lead to frictional encounters that trigger feedback loops, new processes, and new structures.
Stringy canonical forms and binary geometries from associahedra, cyclohedra and generalized permutohedra
Authors: He Song , Li Zhenjie , Raman Prashanth , Zhang Chi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStringy canonical forms are a class of integrals that provideα′-deformations of the canonical form of any polytopes. For generalized associahedra of finite-type cluster algebras, there exist completely rigid stringy integrals, whose configuration spaces are the so-called binary geometries, and for classical types are associated with (generalized) scattering of particles and strings. In this paper, we propose a large class of rigid stringy canonical forms for another class of polytopes, generalized permutohedra, which also include associahedra and cyclohedra as special cases (typeAnandBngeneralized associahedra). Remarkably, we find that the configuration spaces of such integrals are also binary geometries, which were suspected to exist for generalized associahedra only. For any generalized permutohedron that can be written as Minkowski sum of coordinate simplices, we show that its rigid stringy integral factorizes into products of lower integrals for massless poles at finiteα′, and the configuration space is binary although theuequations take a more general form than those “perfect” ones for cluster cases. Moreover, we provide an infinite class of examples obtained by degenerations of typeAnandBnintegrals, which have perfectuequations as well. Our results provide yet another family of generalizations of the usual string integral and moduli space, whose physical interpretations remain to be explored.