bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault imaging at Mt Pollino (Italy) from relative location of microearthquakes
Authors: Napolitano Ferdinando , Galluzzo Danilo , Gervasi Anna , Scarpa Roberto , La Rocca Mario 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYRelative location of microearthquakes that occurred at Mt Pollino (Italy) from 2011 to 2013 have been analyzed with the aim of a detailed imaging of the geometry of active faults. We identified 27 clusters composed of a number of earthquakes from 9 to 33, with local magnitude in the range 0.6–2.7. The relative location shows that the distribution of hypocentres in each cluster is characterized by extension from few tens of meters to at most 350 m. For each cluster the hypocentre distribution was fitted by a plane to infer the fault orientation, and results were compared with the fault plane solutions corresponding to the focal mechanism of earthquakes of the same cluster. The comparison shows a good agreement in most of the cases. The relative location analysis, generally applied to earthquakes with similar waveform, has been improved to permit also the relative location of earthquakes characterized by not similar signals. To achieve this purpose a modified procedure that overcome the condition of very similar waveforms has been applied to estimate the time delay between first pulses of the master events. The relative location of master events of all clusters shows a precise imaging of the relative position of all analysed sources and allows also to follow with high accuracy the evolution in time of the seismic swarm within the selected periods. The hypocentre position of master events and the nearly parallel fitting planes of any clusters suggest that most of the analyzed earthquakes were produced by different patches of the same fault. The final results depict a main fault plane characterized by NW–SE strike, dip of about 35–45° and depth between 4.5 and 6.5 km b.s.l. Focal mechanisms, used also to evaluate the local stress field, are mostly of normal type with few strike slip solutions for the shallowest events. This result is in good agreement with the local tectonic stress regime that is characterized by predominant NE–SW transtension, as inferred from structural, seismological and geophysical data.
Good-Faith Rule against Abusing Process by Multiplying Action
Authors: Solis Menalco J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Investor-State tribunals are equipped with lis pendens, res judicata, abuse of process, and adverse cost orders to ensure that parties are not twice vexed for the same issue or to minimize the harm from multiplying action. When abuse of process is applied to a parallel or successive arbitration, it is considered whether the later action could have been joined, consolidated or coordinated with an earlier one and whether there is a reasonable basis for bringing a separate action. The good faith question surrounds the accused’s intent or purpose, which can be measured subjectively if there is an intent to harm or objectively in the absence of reasonable basis. Raising the question of abuse thus involves asking whether the accused acted in good faith. But where lis pendens and res judicata do not apply, there is a colorable basis for the claim and sensible grounds for advancing with separate proceedings, the claimant is within right to bring further action. The good faith element of abuse reaches the middle ground between the claimant’s interest in accessing the arbitral forum and the respondent’s interest in being free from vexation.
Distribution of Modular Symbols in ℍ3
Authors: Constantinescu Petru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new technique for the study of the distribution of modular symbols, which we apply to the congruence subgroups of Bianchi groups. We prove that if $K$ is a quadratic imaginary number field of class number one and $\mathcal{O}_K$ is its ring of integers, then for certain congruence subgroups of $\textrm{PSL}_2(\mathcal{O}_K)$, the periods of a cusp form of weight two obey asymptotically a normal distribution. These results are specialisations from the more general setting of quotient surfaces of cofinite Kleinian groups where our methods apply. We avoid the method of moments. Our new insight is to use the behaviour of the smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian for spaces twisted by modular symbols. Our approach also recovers the first and second moments of the distribution.
Detection of mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica using a newly developed web tool: MobileElementFinder
Authors: Johansson Markus H K , Bortolaia Valeria , Tansirichaiya Supathep , Aarestrup Frank M , Roberts Adam P , Petersen Thomas N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinically relevant bacteria is a growing threat to public health globally. In these bacteria, antimicrobial resistance genes are often associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which promote their mobility, enabling them to rapidly spread throughout a bacterial community.

Methods
The tool MobileElementFinder was developed to enable rapid detection of MGEs and their genetic context in assembled sequence data. MGEs are detected based on sequence similarity to a database of 4452 known elements augmented with annotation of resistance genes, virulence factors and detection of plasmids.

Results
MobileElementFinder was applied to analyse the mobilome of 1725 sequenced Salmonella enterica isolates of animal origin from Denmark, Germany and the USA. We found that the MGEs were seemingly conserved according to multilocus ST and not restricted to either the host or the country of origin. Moreover, we identified putative translocatable units for specific aminoglycoside, sulphonamide and tetracycline genes. Several putative composite transposons were predicted that could mobilize, among others, AMR, metal resistance and phosphodiesterase genes associated with macrophage survivability. This is, to our knowledge, the first time the phosphodiesterase-like pdeL has been found to be potentially mobilized into S. enterica.

Conclusions
MobileElementFinder is a powerful tool to study the epidemiology of MGEs in a large number of genome sequences and to determine the potential for genomic plasticity of bacteria. This web service provides a convenient method of detecting MGEs in assembled sequence data. MobileElementFinder can be accessed at https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/MobileElementFinder/.
Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% l-glutamine and synbiotics following weaning and transport in pigs
Authors: McConn Betty R , Duttlinger Alan W , Kpodo Kouassi R , Eicher Susan D , Richert Brian T , Johnson Jay S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDietary antibiotic use has been limited in swine production due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance. However, this may negatively impact the health, productivity, and welfare of pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to determine if combining dietary synbiotics and 0.20% l-glutamine would improve pig growth performance and intestinal health following weaning and transport when compared with traditionally used dietary antibiotics. Because previous research indicates that l-glutamine improves swine growth performance and synbiotics reduce enterogenic bacteria, it was hypothesized that supplementing diets with 0.20% l-glutamine (GLN) and synbiotics (SYN; 3 strains of Lactobacillus [1.2 × 10^9 cfu/g of strain/pig/d] + β-glucan [0.01 g/pig/d] + fructooligosaccharide [0.01 g/pig/d]) would have an additive effect and improve pig performance and intestinal health over that of dietary antibiotics. Mixed-sex pigs (N = 226; 5.86 ± 0.11 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.4 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported for 12 h in central Indiana. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of two dietary treatments (5 to 6 pigs per pen): antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 ppm] + tiamulin [38.5 ppm]), no antibiotics (negative control [NC]), GLN, SYN, or the NC diet with both the GLN and SYN additives (GLN + SYN) fed for 14 d. From day 14 post-weaning to the end of the grow-finish period, all pigs were provided common antibiotic-free diets. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Overall, haptoglobin was greater (P = 0.03; 216%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs. On day 13, GLN and PC pigs tended to have reduced (P = 0.07; 75.2% and 67.3%, respectively) haptoglobin compared with NC pigs. On day 34, the jejunal goblet cell count per villi and per millimeter tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.08; 71.4% and 62.9%, respectively) in SYN pigs compared with all other dietary treatments. Overall, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 40.0%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs on day 34. On day 34, jejunal mucosa TNFα gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 33.3%, 41.2%, and 60.0%, respectively) in GLN pigs compared with SYN, GLN + SYN, and PC pigs. Although it was determined that some metrics of pig health were improved by the addition of GLN and SYN (i.e., haptoglobin and goblet cell count), overall, there were very few differences detected between dietary treatments and this may be related to the stress load incurred by the pigs.
Semantic Mapping of An Ottoman Fetva Compilation: EBUSSUUD Efendi’s Jurisprudence through a Computational Lens
Authors: Ergene Boğaç , Kaygun Atabey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Fetva collections are important sources for Islamic legal history. However, few scholars have considered a particular collection of fetvas or the fetvas of an individual jurist as specific areas of legal and historical exploration. Instead, most researchers use fetvas selectively and instrumentally, that is in (at best) small groups, and in their explorations of various other topics. This article proposes computational methodologies that could characterize the contents of a 6,000-fetva corpus by an important Ottoman jurist, Şeyhülislam Ebussuud Efendi (d. 1574), to reveal its substantive composition and range. The article conceptualizes a previously uncharted textual space in a way similar to how a map depicts a geographical one. By doing so, it also provides insights into Ebussuud’s jurisprudential legacy and the major socio-legal concerns and anxieties in the Ottoman Empire during the sixteenth century.
Flight Burst Duration as an Indicator of Flight Ability and Physical Fitness in Two Species of Tephritid Fruit Flies
Authors: Manoukis Nicholas C , Carvalho Lori A F N 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce a method to quantify flight ability and physical fitness of individual fruit flies which we term ‘Flight Burst Duration’ (FBD). This consisted of tethering individual insects by the dorsal thorax using a vacuum and measuring the length of time the insect beats its wings while suspended off a surface. Consecutive measurements with Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Dipera: Tephritidae) and Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the same day and across days indicated that a single measurement was sufficient, and that FBD was consistent and repeatable. Insects under stress from starvation displayed shorter FBD over time, and we suggest that the measure also relates to the physical condition or survival fitness of the individual. Though somewhat laborious and time-consuming, we propose that FBD can be useful for research studies requiring individual-level phenome data and for obtaining estimates quality and dispersive movement for insects.
Molecular Differentiation of Four Species of Oropsylla (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) Using PCR-Based Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analyses and DNA Sequencing
Authors: Thoroughgood Jessica T , Armstrong James S , White Brandon , Anstead Clare A , Galloway Terry D , Lindsay L Robbin , Shury Todd K , Lane Jeffery E , Chilton Neil B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is often difficult to distinguish morphologically between closely related species of fleas (Siphonaptera). Morphological identification of fleas often requires microscopic examination of internal structures in specimens cleared using caustic solutions. This process degrades DNA and/or inhibits DNA extraction from specimens, which limits molecular-based studies on individual fleas and their microbiomes. Our objective was to distinguish between Oropsylla rupestris (Jordan), Oropsylla tuberculata (Baker), Oropsylla bruneri (Baker), and Oropsylla labis (Jordan & Rothschild) (Ceratophyllidae) using PCR-based single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses and DNA sequencing. A 446 bp region of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was used as the genetic marker. The results obtained for 36 reference specimens (i.e., fleas that were morphologically identified to species) revealed no intraspecific variation in DNA sequence, whereas the DNA sequences of the four species of Oropsylla differed from one another at two to six nucleotide positions. Each flea species also had a unique SSCP banding pattern. SSCP analyses were then used to identify another 84 fleas that had not been identified morphologically. DNA sequencing data confirmed the species identity of fleas subjected to SSCP. This demonstrates that PCR-SSCP combined with DNA sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene is a very effective approach for the delineation of four closely related species of flea.
Pressure balance in the multiphase ISM of cosmologically simulated disc galaxies
Authors: Gurvich Alexander B , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Richings Alexander J , Hopkins Philip F , Grudić Michael Y , Hafen Zachary , Wellons Sarah , Stern Jonathan , Quataert Eliot , Chan T K , Orr Matthew E , Kereš Dušan , Wetzel Andrew , Hayward Christopher C , Loebman Sarah R , Murray Norman 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Pressure balance plays a central role in models of the interstellar medium (ISM), but whether and how pressure balance is realized in a realistic multiphase ISM is not yet well understood. We address this question by using a set of FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-mass disc galaxies, in which a multiphase ISM is self-consistently shaped by gravity, cooling, and stellar feedback. We analyse how gravity determines the vertical pressure profile as well as how the total ISM pressure is partitioned between different phases and components (thermal, dispersion/turbulence, and bulk flows). We show that, on average and consistent with previous more idealized simulations, the total ISM pressure balances the weight of the overlying gas. Deviations from vertical pressure balance increase with increasing galactocentric radius and with decreasing averaging scale. The different phases are in rough total pressure equilibrium with one another, but with large deviations from thermal pressure equilibrium owing to kinetic support in the cold and warm phases, which dominate the total pressure near the mid-plane. Bulk flows (e.g. inflows and fountains) are important at a few disc scale heights, while thermal pressure from hot gas dominates at larger heights. Overall, the total mid-plane pressure is well-predicted by the weight of the disc gas and we show that it also scales linearly with the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR). These results support the notion that the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation arises because ΣSFR and the gas surface density (Σg) are connected via the ISM mid-plane pressure.
Assessing the performance of LTE and NLTE synthetic stellar spectra in a machine learning framework
Authors: Bialek Spencer , Fabbro Sébastien , Venn Kim A , Kumar Nripesh , O’Briain Teaghan , Yi Kwang Moo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In the current era of stellar spectroscopic surveys, synthetic spectral libraries are the basis for the derivation of stellar parameters and chemical abundances. In this paper, we compare the stellar parameters determined using five popular synthetic spectral grids (INTRIGOSS, FERRE, AMBRE, PHOENIX, and MPIA/1DNLTE) with our convolutional neural network (CNN, StarNet). The stellar parameters are determined for six physical properties (effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, [α/Fe], radial velocity, and rotational velocity) given the spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and wavelength range of optical FLAMES-UVES spectra from the Gaia-ESO Survey. Both CNN modelling and epistemic uncertainties are incorporated through training an ensemble of networks. StarNet training was also adapted to mitigate differences between the synthetic grids and observed spectra by augmenting with realistic observational signatures (i.e. resolution matching, wavelength sampling, Gaussian noise, zeroing flux values, rotational and radial velocities, continuum removal, and masking telluric regions). Using the FLAMES-UVES spectra for FGK-type dwarfs and giants as a test set, we quantify the accuracy and precision of the stellar label predictions from StarNet. We find excellent results over a wide range of parameters when StarNet is trained on the MPIA/1DNLTE synthetic grid, and acceptable results over smaller parameter ranges when trained on the 1DLTE grids. These tests also show that our CNN pipeline is highly adaptable to multiple simulation grids.
Enhanced optical activity 12 d before X-ray activity, and a 4 d X-ray delay during outburst rise, in a low-mass X-ray binary
Authors: Goodwin A J , Russell D M , Galloway D K , Baglio M C , Parikh A S , Buckley D A H , Homan J , Bramich D M , in’t Zand J J M , Heinke C O , Kotze E J , de Martino D , Papitto A , Lewis F , Wijnands R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
X-ray transients, such as accreting neutron stars, periodically undergo outbursts, thought to be caused by a thermal-viscous instability in the accretion disc. Usually outbursts of accreting neutron stars are identified when the accretion disc has undergone an instability, and the persistent X-ray flux has risen to a threshold detectable by all sky monitors on X-ray space observatories. Here, we present the earliest known combined optical, UV, and X-ray monitoring observations of the outburst onset of an accreting neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system. We observed a significant, continuing increase in the optical i′-band magnitude starting on July 25, 12 d before the first X-ray detection with Swift/XRT and NICER (August 6), during the onset of the 2019 outburst of SAX J1808.4−3658. We also observed a 4 d optical to X-ray rise delay, and a 2 d UV to X-ray delay, at the onset of the outburst. We present the multiwavelength observations that were obtained, discussing the theory of outbursts in X-ray transients, including the disc instability model, and the implications of the delay. This work is an important confirmation of the delay in optical to X-ray emission during the onset of outbursts in LMXBs, which has only previously been measured with less sensitive all sky monitors. We find observational evidence that the outburst is triggered by ionization of hydrogen in the disc.
Kinematics of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge with OGLE-IV and Gaia DR2
Authors: Du Hangci , Mao Shude , Athanassoula E , Shen Juntai , Pietrukowicz Pawel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the kinematics and spatial distribution of 15 599 fundamental-mode RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in the Milky Way bulge by combining OGLE-IV photometric data and Gaia DR2 proper motions. We show that the longitudinal proper motions and the line-of-sight velocities can give similar results for the rotation in the Galactic central regions. The angular velocity of bulge RRLs is found to be around 35 km s−1 kpc−1, significantly smaller than that for the majority of bulge stars (50–60 km s−1 kpc−1); bulge RRLs have larger velocity dispersion (120–140 km s−1) than younger stars. The dependence of the kinematics of the bulge RRLs on their metallicities is shown by their rotation curves and spatial distributions. Metal-poor RRLs ([Fe/H]&lt;−1) show a smaller bar angle than metal-rich ones. We also find clues suggesting that RRLs in the bulge are not dominated by halo stars. These results might explain some previous conflicting results over bulge RRLs and help understand the chemodynamical evolution of the Galactic bulge.
Revisiting the spectral and timing properties of 4U 1909+07 with NuSTAR and Astrosat
Authors: Jaisawal Gaurava K , Naik Sachindra , Ho Wynn C G , Kumari Neeraj , Epili Prahlad , Vasilopoulos Georgios 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results obtained from the analysis of high-mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1909+07 using NuSTAR and Astrosat observations in July 2015 and 2017, respectively. X-ray pulsations at ≈604 s are clearly detected in our study. Based on the long-term spin-frequency evolution, the source is found to spun-up in the last 17 yr. We observed a strongly energy-dependent pulse profile that evolved from a complex broad structure in soft X-rays into a profile with a narrow emission peak followed by a plateau in energy ranges above 20 keV. This behaviour ensured a positive correlation between the energy and pulse fraction. The pulse profile morphology and its energy evolution are almost similar during both the observations, suggesting a persistent emission geometry of the pulsar over time. The broad-band energy spectrum of the pulsar is approximated by an absorbed high-energy exponential cut-off power-law model with iron emission lines. In contrast to the previous report, we found no statistical evidence for the presence of cyclotron absorption features in the X-ray spectra. We performed phase-resolved spectroscopy using data from the NuSTAR observation. Our results showed a clear signature of absorbing material at certain pulse phases of the pulsar. These findings are discussed in terms of stellar wind distribution and its effect on the beam geometry of this wind-fed accreting neutron star. We also reviewed the subsonic quasi-spherical accretion theory and its implication on the magnetic field of 4U 1909+07 depending on the global spin-up rate.
Tidally induced warps of spiral galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Semczuk Marcin , Łokas Ewa L , D’Onghia Elena , Athanassoula E , Debattista Victor P , Hernquist Lars 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Warps are common features in both stellar and gaseous discs of nearby spiral galaxies with the latter usually easier to detect. Several theories have been proposed in the literature to explain their formation and prevalence, including tidal interactions with external galaxies. Observational correlations also suggest the importance of tides for warp formation. Here, we use the TNG100 run from the magnetohydrodynamical cosmological simulation suite IllustrisTNG to investigate the connection between interactions and the formation of gas warps. We find that in the sample of well-resolved gas-rich spiral galaxies (1010 ≲ M*/M⊙ ≲ 1011 at z = 0) from the simulation TNG100-1, about 16 per cent possess the characteristic S-shaped warp. Around one-third of these objects have their warps induced by interactions with other galaxies. Half of these interactions end with the perturber absorbed by the host by z = 0. We find that warps induced by interactions survive on average for &lt;1 Gyr, similarly to the remaining S-shaped warps. The angle between the orbital angular momentum of the perturber and the angular momentum of the host’s disc that most likely leads to warp formation is around 45°. While our main goal is to investigate tidally induced warps, we find that during interactions in addition to tides, new gas that is accreted from infalling satellites also can contribute to warp formation.