bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beat Effect in Machining Chatter: Analysis and Detection
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Ding Longyang , Liu Chao , Xiong Zhenhua , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In machining processes, regenerative chatter is an unstable vibration which adversely affects surface finish, cutting tools, and spindle bearings. Under some cutting conditions, the beat effect, an interference pattern between two periodical vibrations of slightly different frequencies, has been a common phenomenon where the amplitude of chatter vibration tends to increase and decrease periodically. Until now, few studies have been conducted to analyze the beat effect in machining chatter. On the other hand, researchers have developed various chatter detection methods with the objective to timely avoid detrimental effects induced by chatter. However, none of the existing chatter detection methods in the literature has ever considered the beat effect. The neglect of the beat effect will adversely affect the effectiveness of these methods and even result in false alarms. In this paper, the significance level and the mechanism of the beat effect in turning chatter are analyzed by time domain simulation. Afterward, a multiscale wavelet packet entropy (MWPE) method is proposed to detect machining chatter regardless of the occurrence of the beat effect. The determination strategy of the scale factor in the MWPE is presented based on the beat period, whose relationship with the damping ratio and spindle speed is derived analytically in orthogonal turning scenarios. Finally, machining tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed chatter detection method with respect to the presence and absence of the beat effect.
Reduced-Order Model of the Environmental Variation Error of a Precision Five-Axis Machine Tool
Authors: Hernández-Becerro Pablo , Purtschert Joel , Konvicka Jan , Buesser Christian , Schranz David , Mayr Josef , Wegener Konrad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermo-mechanical models, based on the discretization of the heat transfer and elasticity equations, enable the analysis and optimization of the thermal design of machine tools. This work investigates the thermo-mechanical response of a five-axis precision machine tool to fluctuations of the environmental temperature. To increase the computational efficiency of the thermo-mechanical model, a surrogate model by means of projection-based model order reduction (MOR) is created. This article uses the parametric Krylov Modal Subspace (KMS) method, which enables the evaluation of the thermo-mechanical response of the machine tool for different values of the parameters describing the convective boundary conditions. The thermo-mechanical model is validated comparing the simulated and measured response of the machine tool to a step in the environmental temperature. The validation process uses the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to determine the convective boundary conditions with the largest impact on the thermally induced deviations. The reduced-order model ensures the computational tractability of the Monte Carlo simulation associated with the sensitivity analysis and parameter identification. The validated thermo-mechanical model is used to investigate the thermo-mechanical design of the machine tool.
In Situ Investigation of the Kinematics of Ply Interfaces During Composite Manufacturing
Authors: Chava Sandeep , Namilae Sirish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The kinematics of composite ply interfaces critically affects both the manufacturing processes and deformation mechanisms and is often responsible for the formation of defects such as wrinkles and delamination. In the present work, processing-induced defects in a carbon fiber prepreg composite are evaluated by devising a novel in situ experimental approach. Carbon fiber prepreg laminates are cured in a specially designed autoclave with viewports with plies laid up on a mold with cylindrical tooling set up to maximize the ply-movement. Four-ply layup orientations of [90/90]s, [90/0]s, [90/45]s, and [90/−45]s and three-mold configurations with cylindrical tools of diameter 9.5 mm (3/8 in.), 12.7 mm (1/2 in.), and 15.9 mm (5/8 in.) are used for the parametric study. Strains, ply-movement, and formation of defects are observed in situ using digital image correlation (DIC) during the autoclave cure cycle, through the viewports. The processing-induced defects in the composite are further characterized by X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). We observed that the mold with the larger radius of curvature (15.9 mm cylinder) leads to higher strains in both in-plane directions and higher displacement in out of plane directions. The maximum average out-of-plane ply movement, as well as the largest wrinkle, are observed for [90/−45]s layup on the mold with the highest radius of curvature.
Performance of PCR/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry on Whole Blood for Detection of Bloodstream Microorganisms in Patients with Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Strålin Kristoffer , Rothman Richard E. , Özenci Volkan , Barkataki Kieron , Brealey David , Dhiman Neelam , Poling Lara , Kurz Michael C. , Limaye Ajit P. , LoVecchio Frank , Lowery Kristin , Miller Loren G. , Moran Gregory J. , Overcash J. Scott , Parekh Amisha , Peacock W. Frank , Rivers Emanuel P. , Sims Matthew , Stubbs Amy M. , Sundqvist Martin , Ullberg Måns , Carroll Karen C. 
Published: July 2020

Blood culture (BC) often fails to detect bloodstream microorganisms in sepsis. However, molecular diagnostics hold great potential. The molecular method PCR/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) can detect DNA from hundreds of different microorganisms in whole blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of this method in a multicenter study including 16 teaching hospitals in the United States (
n
= 13) and Europe (
n
= 3).
Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data
Authors: Janke Kirsten , Biester Katharina , Krause Dietmar , Richter Bernd , Schürmann Christoph , Hirsch Katharina , Hörn Helmut , Kerekes Michaela Florina , Kohlepp Petra , Wieseler Beate 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis in sufficiently similar patient populations, based on the current definitions of key outcomes.

Design
Systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data.

Data sources
Clinical study reports and aggregate results from reanalyses of individual patient data on key outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis provided by study sponsors for studies conducted up to 2017, and several databases and registries from inception up to February 2017.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised controlled trials investigating patient relevant outcomes in adults with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological medicines in combination with methotrexate after methotrexate failure for at least 24 weeks.

Results
45 eligible trials were identified. Combining data from clinical study reports and aggregate results from reanalyses of individual patient data allowed extensive analyses yielding sufficiently similar populations and homogeneous study results for network meta-analyses, including up to 35 studies on eight biological medicines combined with methotrexate. These analyses showed few statistically significant differences between the combination treatments. For example, anakinra showed less benefit than almost all the other seven biological medicines regarding clinical remission or low disease activity (clinical disease activity index ≤2.8 or ≤10, respectively) and certolizumab pegol showed more harm than the other seven biological medicines regarding serious adverse events or infections. Some outcomes had very wide 95% confidence intervals, potentially implying unidentified differences between the eight biological medicines, but wide 95% confidence intervals were less prominent for low disease activity, serious adverse events, and infections. Owing to a lack of head-to-head trials, results were mainly based on indirect comparisons with a limited number of studies, and recently approved Janus kinase inhibitors could not be included.

Conclusions
For patients with rheumatoid arthritis after methotrexate failure, only minor differences in benefits and harms were seen between biological medicines in combination with methotrexate. However, the analysis was hampered by a lack of long term direct comparisons. The substantial information gain achieved by the reanalysis of individual patient data calls for the routine availability of individual patient data.
The role of the state government, civil society and programmes across sectors in stunting reduction in Chhattisgarh, India, 2006–2016
Authors: Kohli Neha , Nguyen Phuong H , Avula Rasmi , Menon Purnima 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionChildhood stunting has declined in India between 2006 and 2016, but not uniformly across all states. Little is known about what helped some states accelerate progress while others did not. Insights on subnational drivers of progress are useful not just for India but for other decentralised policy contexts. Thus, we aimed to identify the factors that contributed to declines in childhood stunting (from 52.9% to 37.6%) between 2006 and 2016 in the state of Chhattisgarh, a subnational success story in stunting reduction in India.MethodsWe examined time trends in determinants of stunting using descriptive and regression decomposition analysis of National Family Health Survey data from 2005 to 2006 and 2015–2016. We reviewed nutrition-relevant policies and programmes associated with the drivers of change to construct a policy timeline. Finally, we interviewed multiple stakeholders in the state to understand the changes in the drivers of undernutrition.ResultsThe regression decomposition analysis shows that multiple factors explain 66% of the change in stunting between 2006 and 2016. Improvements in three key drivers—health and nutrition services, household assets, and sanitation and hygiene—explained 47% of the change in stunting. A shared vision for impact, political stability and capable bureaucracy, state-level innovations, support from development partners and civil society, and community mobilisation were found to contribute to improvements in programmes for health, poverty and sanitation.ConclusionChange in multiple sectors is important for stunting reduction and can be achieved in subnational contexts. More work lies ahead to close gaps in various determinants of stunting.
How do patients and the public understand overtesting and overdiagnosis? A protocol for a thematic meta-synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Rozbroj Tomas , Haas Romi , O’Connor Denise A , Thomas Rae , McCaffery Kirsten , Carter Stacy , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionExamining patient and public understanding of overtesting and overdiagnosis (OverTD) is vital for reducing the burden of OverTD. Studies from disparate contexts, disciplines and focusing on disparate healthcare issues have examined patient and public understanding of OverTD. A synthesis is needed to bring this literature together, examine common themes, strengthen conclusions and identify gaps. This will help steer further research, policy and practice to improve patient and public understanding of OverTD. The objective of this study is to synthesise qualitative research data about patient and public understanding of OverTD.Methods and analysisA thematic meta-synthesis will be used to synthesise primary qualitative research and qualitative components of primary mixed-methods research about patient and public understanding of OverTD. Studies published in English will be included. These will be identified using systematic searches from inception to March 2020 in the Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. Studies that satisfy eligibility criteria will be assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Thematic meta-synthesis will comprise three stages: (1) line-by-line coding; (2) generation of descriptive themes and (3) generation of analytic themes. Confidence in the synthesis findings will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in Evidence (GRADE CERQual) approach. A summary of GRADE CERQual results will be presented alongside the key themes. Study eligibility screening, data extraction, analysis and the CASP and GRADE CERQual assessments will be undertaken independently by two review authors.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this secondary analysis of published data. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and may be presented in conference papers and elsewhere.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020156838
Durable benefit from immunotherapy and accompanied lupus erythematosus in pancreatic adenocarcinoma with DNA repair deficiency
Authors: Pang Xionghao , Qian Juanjuan , Jin Hua , Zhang Lei , Lin Lin , Wang Yuli , Lei Yi , Zhou Zeqiang , Li Meixiang , Zhang Henghui 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundClinical trials showed limited benefit of anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) monotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors were rarely reported in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we report the first case of durable benefit along with systemic lupus erythematosus following immunotherapy in mismatch repair-proficient pancreatic cancer.Case presentationWe describe a 57-year-old woman with resected stage ⅢB pancreatic cancer who underwent several lines of conventional chemotherapy after multiple lymph node metastases. When the disease progressed again, the patient received an off-label treatment with pembrolizumab (100 mg every 3 weeks). After four cycles of immunotherapy treatment, CA19-9 level rapidly decreased to normal and the lymph node metastases reduced dramatically in volume, demonstrating a partial response to the therapy by RECIST 1.1 criteria. She continued on pembrolizumab and a total of eight cycles of administration she had received. Her lesions showed consistent reduction in size even when the medication had been stopped. Actually the patient experienced durable benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy for more than 4 years and she is still in good condition without tumor relapses to date. Besides, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus 2 months after the last dose of pembrolizumab. Molecular profiling identified two deleteriousPALB2alterations including a germline mutation (PALB2c.3114–1G>A) and a somatic mutation (PALB2c.2514+1G>C) in this patient, suggesting the potential of DNA homologous recombination deficiency. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq results revealed a brisk immune cell infiltration in her resected primary lesion. Additionally, humanleukocyte antigen (HLA) typing assay identified two previously reported systemic lupus erythematosus risk alleles HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:02 in this patient.ConclusionsThe deleterious mutations ofPALB2closely related to homologous recombination deficiency or alterations of DNA damage response and repair genes might be promising biomarkers for predicting efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Genetic correlation behind immunotherapy-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and associated mechanism remain to be elucidated.
Trijets in $$k_\mathrm{T}$$-factorisation: matrix elements vs parton shower
Authors: Van Haevermaet H. , Van Hameren A. , Kotko P. , Kutak K. , Van Mechelen P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study 3-jet event topologies in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s} = 13 \mathrm{\ TeV}$$s=13TeV in a configuration, where one jet is present in the central pseudorapidity region ($$|\eta | < 2.0$$|η|<2.0) while two other jets are in a more forward (same hemisphere) area ($$|\eta | > 2.0$$|η|>2.0). We compare various parton level predictions using: collinear factorisation, $$k_\mathrm{T}$$kT-factorisation with fully off-shell matrix elements and the hybrid framework. We study the influence of different parton distribution functions, initial state radiation, final state radiation, and hadronisation. We focus on differential cross sections as a function of azimuthal angle difference between the leading dijet system and the third jet, which is found to have excellent sensitivity to the physical effects under study.
On the electronic structure of methyl butyrate and methyl valerate
Authors: Śmiałek Małgorzata A. , Duflot Denis , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Zuin Lucia , Macdonald Michael , Mason Nigel J. , Limão-Vieira Paulo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present novel results of the analysis of the electronic structure of two aliphatic esters: methyl butyrate and methyl valerate. High-resolution photoabsorption spectra were collected and analyzed over the energy range 4.0–10.8 eV and showed for both the molecules not only a clear band of the HOMO to LUMO transition, but also vibronic structure associated with the first Rydberg-valence transition. Photoelectron spectra recorded from 9 to over 28 eV revealed many ionization states with the first adiabatic ionization energies found to be 9.977 eV and 9.959 eV for methyl butyrate and methyl valerate, respectively. Ab initio calculations have been performed in order to help assign the photoabsorption and photoelectron features. Photolysis life times in the atmosphere were calculated revealing that photolysis is not competitive over hydroxyl radical scavenging in the process of removal of these esters from the atmosphere.Graphical abstract
Algorithmic and HCI Aspects for Explaining Recommendations of Artistic Images
Authors: Dominguez Vicente , Donoso-Guzmán Ivania , Messina Pablo , Parra Denis 
Published: July 2020

Explaining suggestions made by recommendation systems is key to make users trust and accept these systems. This is specially critical in areas such as art image recommendation. Traditionally, artworks are sold in galleries where people can see them physically, and artists have the chance to persuade the people into buying them. On the other side, online art stores only offer the user the action of navigating through the catalog, but nobody plays the persuading role of the artist. Moreover, few works in recommendation systems provide a perspective of the many variables involved in the user perception of several aspects of the system such as domain knowledge, relevance, explainability, and trust. In this article, we aim to fill this gap by studying several aspects of the user experience with a recommender system of artistic images, from algorithmic and HCI perspectives. We conducted two user studies in Amazon Mechanical Turk to evaluate different levels of explainability, combined with different algorithms. While in study 1 we focus only on a desktop interface, in study 2 we attempt to understand the effect of explanations in mobile devices.
In general, our experiments confirm that explanations of recommendations in the image domain are useful and increase user satisfaction, perception of explainability and relevance. In the first study, our results show that the observed effects are dependent on the underlying recommendation algorithm used. In the second study, our results show that these effects are also dependent of the device used in the study but with a smaller effect. Finally, using the framework by Knijnenburg et al., we provide a comprehensive model, for each study, which synthesizes the effects between different variables involved in the user experience with explainable visual recommender systems of artistic images.
Spiffy
Authors: Sun Kuei , Fryer Daniel , Wang Russell , Patel Sagar , Chu Joseph , Lakier Matthew , Brown Angela Demke , Goel Ashvin 
Published: July 2020

Many file-system applications such as defragmentation tools, file-system checkers, or data recovery tools, operate at the storage layer. Today, developers of these file-system aware storage applications require detailed knowledge of the file-system format, which requires significant time to learn, often by trial and error, due to insufficient documentation or specification of the format. Furthermore, these applications perform ad-hoc processing of the file-system metadata, leading to bugs and vulnerabilities.
We propose Spiffy, an annotation language for specifying the on-disk format of a file system. File-system developers annotate the data structures of a file system, and we use these annotations to generate a library that allows identifying, parsing, and traversing file-system metadata, providing support for both offline and online storage applications. This approach simplifies the development of storage applications that work across different file systems because it reduces the amount of file-system--specific code that needs to be written.
We have written annotations for the Linux Ext4, Btrfs, and F2FS file systems, and developed several applications for these file systems, including a type-specific metadata corruptor, a file-system converter, an online storage layer cache that preferentially caches files for certain users, and a runtime file-system checker. Our experiments show that applications built with the Spiffy library for accessing file-system metadata can achieve good performance and are robust against file-system corruption errors.
The Menstruating Entrepreneur Kickstarting a New Politics of Women's Health
Authors: Ng Sarah , Bardzell Shaowen , Bardzell Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

This article addresses itself to two developments in recent HCI research. One is the rising emphasis on women's health, a topic that is often seen as at least partly political. The other development in HCI research is the ongoing interest in supporting democracy and political activism. We present the case of a menstrual cup design project in Taiwan, called the Formoonsa Cup, whose product development led to the change in the legal status of menstrual cups and forcefully challenged a traditional value of hymen maintenance as an expression of “pure” and morally upright womanhood. We argue that this project is significant to HCI research for the following two reasons: first, because the design project is a successful, if complicated, case of political activism, and second, because the design and legalization processes were in part mediated by platform technologies, including social networking, crowdfunding, and direct democracy platforms.
Using philosopher Michel Foucault's notion of “subjugated knowledge,” we analyze the case to improve understandings of how design can engage in emancipatory politics in the domain of women's health in HCI. In this case study, we begin with the idea that women's freedom of self-care is the knowledge that is subjugated, though by the end we suggest that subjugated knowledge is a more complex, and troubling, category than this initial evaluation suggests. We also argue that design can critique and intervene when it materializes previously subjugated knowledges and renders them both socially intelligible and politically efficacious.