bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two indoleamines are secreted from rat pineal gland at night and act on melatonin receptors but are not night hormones
Authors: Lee Bo Hyun , Bussi Ivana L. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , Hague Chris , Koh Duk‐Su , Hille Bertil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAt night, the pineal gland produces the indoleamines, melatonin, N‐acetylserotonin (NAS), and N‐acetyltryptamine (NAT). Melatonin is accepted as a hormone of night. Could NAS and NAT serve that role too? Methods: Concentration‐response measurements with overexpressed human melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2; mass spectrometry analysis of norepinephrine‐stimulated secretions from isolated rat pineal glands; analysis of 24‐hour periodic samples of rat blood. Results: We show that NAT and NAS do activate melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, although with lower potency than melatonin, and that in vitro, melatonin and NAS are secreted from stimulated, isolated pineal glands in roughly equimolar amounts, but secretion of NAT was much less. All three were found at roughly equal concentrations in blood during the night. However, during the day, serum melatonin fell to very low values creating a high‐amplitude circadian rhythm that was absent after pinealectomy, whereas NAS and NAT showed only small or no circadian variation. Conclusion: Blood levels of NAS and NAT were insufficient to activate peripheral melatonin receptors, and they were invariant, so they could not serve as circulating hormones of night. However, they could instead act in paracrine circadian fashion near the pineal gland or via other higher‐affinity receptors.
Consistency of option prices under bid–ask spreads
Authors: Gerhold Stefan , Gülüm Ismail Cetin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven a finite set of European call option prices on a single underlying, we want to know when there is a market model that is consistent with these prices. In contrast to previous studies, we allow models where the underlying trades at a bid–ask spread. The main question then is how large (in terms of a deterministic bound) this spread must be to explain the given prices. We fully solve this problem in the case of a single maturity, and give several partial results for multiple maturities. For the latter, our main mathematical tool is a recent result on approximation by peacocks.
Cryptococcal antigenemia prevalence and clinical data in HIV‐infected patients from the reference centre at INI‐FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Southeast of Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Marcela de F. , Brito‐Santos Fabio , Trilles Luciana , Almeida Marcos A. , Wanke Bodo , Veloso Valdilea G. , Nunes Estevao P. , Lazera Marcia dos S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCryptococcal meningitis is a several disease common in late stage of HIV infection. Detection of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) is an important for early diagnosis of this invasive mycosis. The pre‐emptive treatment for isolated antigenemia prevents the onset of meningoencephalitis. Screening CrAg in patients with low CD4 count is cost‐effective in countries with prevalence of antigenemia above 3%. However, in Brazil, the number of prevalence studies on cryptococcosis and HIV is insufficient. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of CrAg and describe clinical characteristics from a cohort of patients followed at a reference center in Brazil. CrAg screening was performed in 89 inpatients with CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV from the National Institute of Infecttious Disease, Rio de Janeiro. Patients with isolated antigenemia received pre‐emptive therapy with fluconazole and patients with meningoencephalitis were treated with Amphotericin B. Individuals were followed up for 12 months. Prevalence of serum CrAg was 11.23%, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis 6.74% and isolated antigenemia 4.81%. None of the patients with isolated antigenemia developed meningoencephalitis during the follow up. Signs and symptoms of meningoencephalitis were unspecific or absent. Our study suggests the need of CrAg screening in Brazil and highlights that lumbar puncture is mandatory in all individuals CrAg positive to exclude asymptomatic meningoencephalitis.
There is No Away: Where Do People Go When They Avoid an Interpersonal Conflict?
Authors: Hample Dale , Hample Jessica Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen people avoid conflict, there is no “away.” Where do they go physically or mentally? Both engaging and avoiding have a push and a pull. If we knew where avoiders go, we could study the pull of avoidance. This is a descriptive study (N = 446) of interpersonal conflict. We found that physical and mental avoidance appeared with similar frequency, and that they could occur in combination. People often recognized their need for avoidance early, based on the topic being familiar or various signals of trouble. Avoidance during the conflict could be physical or mental, but notably involved false agreement or topic manipulation. The possibility of violence (physical, verbal, or emotional) was often relevant. Relationship worries frequently motivated the avoidance. After the avoidance rumination was common, often centering on what we called “festering anger.”
A practical guide for the use of very low calorie diets in adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Bahceci Su , Lucan Beth , Ryan Murielle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObesity is increasingly common in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Being overweight or obese is associated with both the development and progression of kidney disease. Lifestyle interventions such as the use of very low‐calorie diets (VLCD) are being used increasingly for patients with CKD despite warnings from manufacturers that they should be avoided or used with caution. Whilst these diets are effective and can induce rapid weight loss and suppress appetite, their use in patients with chronic and end stage kidney disease is more complex than in the general population. VLCD use in adults with kidney disease requires a more nuanced approach to prescription and closer monitoring for unintended side effects. This review describes the indications and clinical management of patients with CKD undertaking a very low‐calorie diet and provides practical guidance regarding how to manage a VLCD, particularly for the latter stages of CKD.
Periodontitis and respiratory diseases: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac Suzart , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Trindade Soraya Castro , Passos‐Soares Johelle de Santana , Carvalho‐Filho Paulo Cirino , Figueiredo Ana Cláudia Morais Godoy , Lyrio Amanda Oliveira , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Pereira Mauricio Gomes , Scannapieco Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the recent scientific literature addressing the association between periodontitis and asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia.Materials and MethodsThe search for studies was carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases, including the gray literature (ProQuest). Reference lists of selected articles were also searched. Studies having varying epidemiological designs assessing the association between periodontitis and respiratory diseases in human subjects were eligible for inclusion. Three independent reviewers performed the selection of articles and data extraction. Fixed and random effects meta‐analysis were performed for the calculation of the association measurements (Odds Ratio—OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 3,234 records were identified in the database search, with only 13 studies meeting the eligibility criteria and 10 studies contributed data for meta‐analysis. Using a random effects models periodontitis was associated with asthma: ORadjusted: 3.54 (95% CI: 2.47–5.07), I2 = 0%; with COPD: OR adjusted: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.04–3.05), I2 = 37.9%; and with pneumonia: OR adjusted: 3.21 (95% CI: 1.997–5.17), I2 = 0%.ConclusionsThe main findings of this systematic review validated an association between periodontitis and asthma, COPD and pneumonia.
Correlation study on mtDNA polymorphisms as potential risk factors in aggressive periodontitis by NGS
Authors: Shi Qiao , Luan Qingxian , Wang Xiaoxuan , Cai Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesUsing next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to determine whether aggressive periodontitis is associated with specific mitochondrial polymorphisms.Materials and MethodsA total of 165 unrelated Han Chinese were enrolled in the study. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 97 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 68 healthy controls by NGS. The mitochondrial DNA was L‐PCR‐amplified and subsequently sequenced by an Illumina Genome Analyzer (NGS). Chi‐square tests were used to assess the differences between the two groups. In cases of significant difference, multivariate logistic regression models were further used to analyze the association between mtDNA polymorphisms and aggressive periodontitis.ResultsSignificant association was observed between aggressive periodontitis and eight mitochondrial polymorphisms: "8860G‐10400C" (OR = 2.828, p = .002), "8701A" (OR = 2.308, p = .005), "12705C‐10398A" (OR = 2.683, p = .002), "9540C" (OR = 3.838, p = .001) and "10873T‐15043G" (OR = 4.375, p = .001).ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis is complicated, and its heredity is not well characterized. Our study was the first to use next‐generation sequencing and found that 8860G‐10400C, 8701A, 12705C‐10398A, 9540C, and 10873T‐15043G are associated with aggressive periodontitis in the Han Chinese population.
The acute impact of an ultramarathon on right heart: A 12‐lead ECG study
Authors: D’Ascenzi Flavio , Anselmi Francesca , Ceccon Chiara , Baccani Bernardo , Sisti Nicolò , Gismondi Annalaura , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Aprile Federica , Fiorentini Caterina , Graziano Francesca , Franchini Andrea , Berti Beatrice , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Cameli Matteo , Zorzi Alessandro , Bonifazi Marco , Mondillo Sergio 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundSome concerns exist about possible detrimental effects on cardiac function of ultra‐endurance competitions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of an ultramarathon by comparing pre‐ and post‐race 12‐lead ECG features.MethodsA total of 301 competitive athletes (mean age: 48 ± 9 years) running a 50‐km ultramarathon were analyzed. Twelve‐lead ECG was collected the day before the race and immediately at the finish line. According to the Italian law, athletes could have participated only after undergoing pre‐participation screening that ruled out the presence of an underlying heart disease.ResultsAfter the race a significant increase in P‐wave voltage (P < .001) and P‐wave duration (P < .001) was found as compared to pre‐race data with a higher percentage of athletes fulfilling the ECG criteria for right atrial enlargement (RAE; from 3% to 17%, P < .001). The presence of RAE post‐race significantly correlated with age, hours of training/week, and years of training and inversely with time at the finish line and the final position in the ranking. T‐wave and R‐wave amplitude (P < .001) and QTc‐interval duration (P < .001) significantly increased after the race. No significant differences in terms of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias were found.ConclusionsA sizeable proportion of athletes running a 50‐km ultramarathon demonstrated post‐race ECG signs of right heart overload but no arrhythmias. This finding supports the hypothesis that ultra‐endurance races may induce transient right heart overload.
The deposition of CENH3 in maize is stringently regulated
Authors: Feng Chao , Yuan Jing , Bai Han , Liu Yalin , Su Handong , Liu Yang , Shi Lindan , Gao Zhi , Birchler James A. , Han Fangpu 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe centromere, as an essential element to mediate chromosome segregation, is epigenetically determined by CENH3‐containing nucleosomes as a functional marker; therefore the accurate deposition of CENH3 is crucial for chromosome transmission. We characterized the deposition of CENH3 in maize by over‐expression and mutational analysis. Our results revealed that over‐expressing CENH3 in callus is lethal while over‐expressing GFP‐CENH3 and CENH3‐YFP in callus and plants is not and can be partly deposited normally. Different mutations of GFP‐CENH3 demonstrated that CENH3‐Thr4 in the N‐terminus was needed for the deposition as a positive phosphorylation site and the last five amino acids in the C‐terminus are necessary for deposition. The C‐terminal tail of CENH3 is confirmed to be responsible for the interaction of CENH3 and histone H4, which indicates that CENH3 maintains deposition in centromeres via interacting with H4 to form stable nucleosomes. For GFP‐CENH3 and CENH3‐YFP, the fused tags at the termini probably affect the structure of CENH3 and reduce its interaction with other proteins, which in turn could decrease proper deposition. Taken together, multiple amino acids or motifs were shown to play essential roles in CENH3 deposition, which is suggested to be affected by numerous factors in maize.
Online dietary advice for the symptomatic management of multiple sclerosis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Beckett Jeffrey M. , Bird Marie-Louise , Pittaway Jane , Ahuja Kiran D.K. 
Published: November 2019

Objective and review question:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify, map and assess the range of dietary advice provided on websites for the symptomatic management of multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically in relation to the types of diets, relationship between specific food/diet/supplement and specific symptoms, citation of scientific literature to support claims and advice to consult a health professional (doctor/nutritionist/dietitian).
Specifically the review question is: What dietary advice is available on websites for the symptomatic management of MS?
Microvascular blood flow during vascular occlusion tests assessed by diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Didier Kaylin D. , Hammer Shane M. , Alexander Andrew M. , Caldwell Jacob T. , Sutterfield Shelbi L. , Smith Joshua R. , Ade Carl J. , Barstow Thomas J. 
Published: November 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the characteristics of the time courses of blood flow in the brachial artery and microvascular beds of the skin and skeletal muscle following transient ischaemia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Skeletal muscle blood flow was significantly slower than the transient increase in the cutaneous tissue, suggesting mechanistic differences between cutaneous and muscular blood flow distribution after transient ischaemia. These results challenge the use of the cutaneous circulation as globally representative of vascular function.

AbstractVascular function can be assessed by measuring post‐occlusion hyperaemic responses along the arterial tree (vascular occlusion test; VOT). It is currently unclear if responses are similar across vascular beds following cuff release, given potential differences in compliance. To examine this, we compared laser Doppler‐derived blood flux in the cutaneous circulation (LDFcut) and skeletal muscle microvascular blood flux (BFI) using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), to brachial artery blood flow (BABF) during VOT. We hypothesized that during a VOT following cuff release, (1) BFI response would be delayed compared to the brachial artery response, and (2) time to peak blood flux in the cutaneous vasculature would be slower than both brachial artery and skeletal muscle responses. Seven healthy men (26 ± 4 years) performed three trials of a brachial artery VOT protocol with 10 min of rest between trials. A combined DCS and near‐infrared spectroscopy probe provided BFI and oxygenation characteristics (total‐[haem]), respectively, of skeletal muscle. BABF was determined via Doppler ultrasound and microvascular cutaneous blood flux was determined via LDFcut. Following cuff release, time to peak of BFI (32.3 ± 6.0 s) was significantly longer than BABF (7.3 ± 2.5 s), LDFcut (10.0 ± 6.4 s) and total‐[haem] (14.2 ± 8.3 s) (all P < 0.001). However, time to peak of BABF, LDFcut and total‐[haem] were not significantly different (P > 0.05). These results suggest mechanistic differences in control of cutaneous and muscular blood flow distribution after transient ischaemia.
Probing the relevance of repeated cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex for prolongation of after‐effects
Authors: Mosayebi Samani Mohsen , Agboada Desmond , Kuo Min‐Fang , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

Key points
To explore the capability of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to induce late‐phase long‐term depression (LTD) via repeated stimulation.
Conventional (1 mA for 15 min) and intensified (3 mA for 20 min) protocols with short (20 min) and long (24 h) intervals were tested.
Late‐phase plasticity was not induced by a single repetition of stimulation.
Repetition reduced the efficacy of stimulation protocols with higher intensities.
AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promising results in pilot studies as a therapeutic intervention in disorders of the central nervous system, but more sustained effects are required for clinical application. To address this issue, one possible solution is the use of repeated stimulation protocols. Previous studies indicated the possibility of extending the after‐effects of single intervention cathodal tDCS by repeating the tDCS, with relatively short intervals between repetitions being most effective. In this study, we thus investigated the effects of repeated stimulation protocols at short and long intervals, for a conventional tDCS protocol (1 mA for 15 min) and a newly developed optimized protocol (3 mA for 20 min). In 16 healthy participants, we compared single interventions of conventional and optimized protocols, repeated application of these protocols at intervals of 20 min and 24 h, and a sham tDCS session. tDCS‐induced neuroplastic after‐effects were then monitored with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) until the following evening after stimulation. The results revealed that the duration of the after‐effects of repeated conventional and optimized protocols with short intervals remained nearly unchanged compared to the respective single intervention protocols. For the long‐interval (24 h) protocol, stimulation with the conventional protocol did not significantly alter respective after‐effects, while it reduced the efficacy of the optimized protocol, compared with respective single interventions. Thus late‐phase plasticity could not be induced by a single repetition of stimulation in this study, but repetition reduced the efficacy of stimulation protocols with higher intensities. This study provides further insights into the dependency of tDCS‐induced neuroplasticity on stimulation parameters, and therefore delivers crucial information for future tDCS applications.
Distinct functional alterations in SCN8A epilepsy mutant channels
Authors: Pan Yanling , Cummins Theodore R. 
Published: November 2019

Key points
Mutations in the SCN8A gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
We characterize a new epilepsy‐related SCN8A mutation, R850Q, in the human SCN8A channel and present gain‐of‐function properties of the mutant channel.
Systematic comparison of R850Q with three other SCN8A epilepsy mutations, T761I, R1617Q and R1872Q, identifies one common dysfunction in resurgent current, although these mutations alter distinct properties of the channel.
Computational simulations in two different neuron models predict an increased excitability of neurons carrying these mutations, which explains the over‐excitation that underlies seizure activities in patients.
These data provide further insight into the mechanism of SCN8A‐related epilepsy and reveal subtle but potentially important distinction of functional characterization performed in the human vs. rodent channels.
AbstractSCN8A is a novel causal gene for early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. It is well accepted that gain‐of‐function mutations in SCN8A underlie the disorder, although the remarkable heterogeneity of its clinical presentation and poor treatment response demand a better understanding of the disease mechanisms. Here, we characterize a new epilepsy‐related SCN8A mutation, R850Q, in human Nav1.6. We show that it is a gain‐of‐function mutation, with a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage dependence of activation, a two‐fold increase of persistent current and a slowed decay of resurgent current. We systematically compare its biophysics with three other SCN8A epilepsy mutations, T767I, R1617Q and R1872Q, in the human Nav1.6 channel. Although all of these mutations are gain‐of‐function, the mutations affect different aspects of channel properties. One commonality that we discovered is an alteration of resurgent current kinetics, although the mechanisms by which resurgent currents are augmented remain unclear for all of the mutations. Computational simulations predict an increased excitability of neurons carrying these mutations with differential enhancement by open channel blockade.
Social Impact in Product Design, An Exploration of Current Industry Practices
Authors: Pack Andrew T. , Rose Phipps Emma , Mattson Christopher A. , Dahlin Eric C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Though academic research for identifying and considering the social impact of products is emerging, additional insights can be gained from engineers who design products every day. This paper explores current practices in industries used by design engineers to consider the social impact of products. Forty-six individuals from 34 different companies were interviewed to discover what disconnects exist between academia and industry when considering a product’s social impact. These interviews were also used to discover how social impact might be considered in a design setting moving forward. This is not a study to find “the state of the art,” but considers the average engineering professional’s work to design products in various industries. Social impact assessments (SIA) and social life cycle assessments (SLCA) are two of the most common processes discussed in the literature to evaluate social impact, both generally and in products. Interestingly, these processes did not arise in any discussion in interviews, despite respondents affirming that they do consider social impact in the product design. Processes used to predict social impact, rather than simply evaluate, were discussed by the respondents. These tended to be developed within the company and often related to industry imposed government regulations. To build on this study, the findings herein should be further validated for executives, managers, and engineers. A study specific to these roles should be designed to understand the disconnect better. Additionally, processes should be developed to assist engineers in considering the social impact of their products. Work should also be done to help educate engineers and their leaders on the value of considering the social impact in product design.