bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host‐plant availability drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of interacting metapopulations across a fragmented landscape
Authors: Opedal Øystein H. , Ovaskainen Otso , Saastamoinen Marjo , Laine Anna‐Liisa , van Nouhuys Saskya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of ecological communities depend partly on species interactions within and among trophic levels. Experimental work has demonstrated the impact of species interactions on the species involved, but it remains unclear whether these effects can also be detected in long‐term time series across heterogeneous landscapes. We analyzed a 19‐yr time series of patch occupancy by the Glanville fritillary butterflyMelitaea cinxia, its specialist parasitoid waspCotesia melitaearum, and the specialist fungal pathogenPodosphaera plantaginisinfectingPlantago lanceolata,a host plant of the Glanville fritillary. These species share a network of more than 4,000 habitat patches in the Åland islands, providing a metacommunity data set of unique spatial and temporal resolution. To assess the influence of interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew on metacommunity dynamics, we modeled local colonization and extinction rates of each species while including or excluding the presence of potentially interacting species in the previous year as predictors. The metapopulation dynamics of all focal species varied both along a gradient in host plant abundance, and spatially as indicated by strong effects of local connectivity. Colonization and to a lesser extent extinction rates depended also on the presence of interacting species within patches. However, the directions of most effects differed from expectations based on previous experimental and modeling work, and the inferred influence of species interactions on observed metacommunity dynamics was limited. These results suggest that although local interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew occur, their roles in metacommunity spatiotemporal dynamics are relatively weak. Instead, all species respond to variation in plant abundance, which may in turn fluctuate in response to variation in climate, land use, or other environmental factors.
Amylopectin from Glutinous Rice as a Sustainable Binder for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes
Authors: Ling Han Yeu , Wang Chengrui , Su Zhong , Chen Su , Chen Hao , Qian Shangshu , Li Dong‐Sheng , Yan Cheng , Kiefel Milton , Lai Chao , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: October 2020

Silicon (Si) has been investigated as a promising anode material because of its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g‐1). However, silicon anode suffers from huge volume changes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, inspired by a remarkable success of the glutinous rice mortar in the Great Wall with ca. 2000‐year history, amylopectin (AP), the key ingredient responsible for the strong bonding force, is extracted from glutinous rice and utilized as a flexible, aqueous, and resilient binder to address the most challenging drastic volume‐expansion and pulverization issues of silicon anode. Additionally, the removal of toxic N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) organic solvent makes the electrode fabrication process environmentally friendly and healthy. The as‐prepared Si‐AP electrode with 60 wt% of Si can uphold a high discharge capacity of 1517.9 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C after 100 cycles. The cycling stability of the Si‐AP has been remarkably improved in comparison with both traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and aqueous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) binders. Moreover, when the content of silicon in the Si‐AP electrode increases to 70 wt%, a high discharge capacity of 1463.1 mAh g−1 can still be obtained after 50 cycles at 0.1° C. These preliminary results suggest that the sustainably available and environmentally benign amylopectin binders could be a promising choice for the construction of highly stable silicon anodes.
Distribution, infrastructure, and expertise of heart failure and cardio‐oncology clinics in a developing network: temporal evolution and challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors:   The Taskforce of the Hellenic Heart Failure Clinics Network
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Hellenic Heart Failure Association has undertaken the initiative to develop a national network of heart failure clinics (HFCs) and cardio‐oncology clinics (COCs). We conducted two questionnaire surveys among these clinics within 17 months and another during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak to assess adjustments of the developing network to the pandemic. Out of 68 HFCs comprising the network, 52 participated in the first survey and 55 in the second survey. The median number of patients assessed per week is 10. Changes in engaged personnel were encountered between the two surveys, along with increasing use of advanced echocardiographic techniques (23.1% in 2018 vs. 34.5% in 2020). Drawbacks were encountered, concerning magnetic resonance imaging and ergospirometry use (being available in 14.6% and 29% of HFCs, respectively), exercise rehabilitation programmes (applied only in 5.5%), and telemedicine applications (used in 16.4%). There are 13 COCs in the country with nine of them in the capital region; the median number of patients being assessed per week is 10. Platforms for virtual consultations and video calls are used in 38.5%. Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak affected provision of HFC services dramatically as only 18.5% continued to function regularly, imposing hurdles that need to be addressed, at least temporarily, possibly by alternative methods of follow‐up such as remote consultation. The function of COCs, in contrast, seemed to be much less affected during the pandemic (77% of them continued to follow up their patients). This staged, survey‐based procedure may serve as a blueprint to help building national HFC/COC networks and provides the means to address changes during healthcare crises.
Pain catastrophizing as a treatment process variable in cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with chronic pain
Authors: Gilliam Wesley P. , Schumann Matthew E. , Cunningham Julie L. , Evans Michele M. , Luedtke Connie A. , Morrison Eleshia J. , Sperry Jeannie A. , Vowles Kevin E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterdisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain is effective at improving function, mood and pain interference among individuals with disabling chronic pain. Traditionally, CBT assumes that cognitive change is an active therapeutic ingredient in the determination of treatment outcome. Pain catastrophizing, a cognitive response style that views the experience of pain as uncontrollable, permanent and destructive, has been identified as an important maladaptive cognition which contributes to difficulties with the management of chronic pain. Consequently, pain catastrophizing is commonly targeted in CBT for chronic pain.ObjectivesTo examine change trajectories in pain catastrophizing during treatment and assess the relevance of these trajectories to outcomes at posttreatment.MethodsParticipants included individuals with chronic pain (N = 463) who completed a 3‐week program of interdisciplinary CBT. Pain catastrophizing was assessed weekly over the 3 weeks of treatment and latent growth curve modelling was used to identify trajectories of change.ResultsFindings indicated the presence of two classes of linear change, one with a significant negative slope in pain catastrophizing (i.e. improved class) and the other with a non‐significant slope (i.e. unchanged class). Next, latent growth mixture modelling examined treatment outcome in relation to class membership. These results indicated that individuals in the ‘improved’ PCS class had significantly greater improvement in pain interference and mood, as well as physical and mental quality of life compared to the ‘unchanged’ class.ConclusionsImplications for our findings, in relation to the CBT model, are discussed.
Copper Based Organic Framework Modified Electrosensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Rani Reetu , Deep Akash , Mizaikoff Boris , Singh Suman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using copper metal organic framework (Cu BTC) is reported. The glassy carbon electrode was used as a base electrode which was further modified with Cu BTC and differential pulse voltammetry technique was adopted for electrosensing. Under optimized conditions, a linear response for CIP was obtained in concentration range from 1×10−8 to 20×10−6 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 0.47×10−9 mol L−1. Moreover, the proposed electrosensor showed acceptable reproducibility with 2.39 % relative standard deviation. Determination of CIP in tap water samples showed good recovery in range of 94.6–108 %.
MoS2 Nanosheets Decorated Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrocatalyst for 4‐Nitrophenol Detection and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Dinesh Muthu , Muthumalai K. , Haldorai Yuvaraj , Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar Ramasamy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVarious kinds of electrocatalysts have been widely investigated for the reduction of organic pollutants and the production of clean energy resources. Therefore, cost‐effective and stable electrocatalysts are need of the hour. Herein, we synthesized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) decorated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite using a hydrothermal method for efficient hydrogen production and electrochemical detection of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). X‐ray diffraction and Raman analysis confirmed the successful formation of the MWCNTs/MoS2 composite. SEM images showed that the pristine MoS2 exhibited a flower‐like morphology with an average particle diameter of 3 μm. Transmission electron microscopy proved that the MoS2 nanosheets were decorated on the MWCNTs surface. The composite showed good performance in terms of electrochemical reduction of 4‐NP in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The linear sweep voltammetric response of the composite electrode for sensing of 4‐NP exhibited a linear relation with the concentration range of 0.75–71 μM and a low detection limit of 0.47 μM. The composite electrode showed high sensitivity (1.67 μA/μM/cm2), good stability, and excellent selectivity. The MWCNTs/MoS2 composite exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction relative to the MoS2 catalyst. The composite coated carbon cloth showed a low overpotential of 211 mV for hydrogen evolution in 0.5 M H2SO4. The electrocatalyst split water into hydrogen up to 22 h with a Tafel slope of 136 mV/dec.
Virtual microstructure design for steels using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lee Jin‐Woong , Goo Nam Hoon , Park Woon Bae , Pyo Myungho , Sohn Kee‐Sun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prediction of macro‐scale materials properties from microstructures, and vice versa, should be a key part in modeling quantitative microstructure‐physical property relationships. It would be helpful if the microstructural input and output were in the form of visual images rather than parameterized descriptors. However, only a typical supervised learning technique would be insufficient to build up a model with real‐image‐output. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is required to treat visual images as output for a promising PMPR model. Recently developed deep‐learning‐based GAN techniques such as a deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN), a cycle‐consistent GAN (Cycle GAN), and a conditional GAN‐based image to image translation (Pix2Pix) could be of great help via the creation of realistic microstructures. In this regard, we generated virtual micrographs for various types of steels using a DCGAN, a Cycle GAN, and a Pix2Pix and confirmed the generated micrographs are qualitatively indistinguishable from the ground truth.
Implicit large eddy simulation of passive scalar transfer in compressible planar jet
Authors: Tai Youming , Watanabe Tomoaki , Nagata Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImplicit large eddy simulation (ILES) of passive scalar transfer in compressible turbulence is evaluated for subsonic and supersonic turbulent planar jets. The ILES used in this study relies on fully explicit numerical schemes for spatial and temporal discretization and low‐pass and shock‐capturing filters used as an implicit subgrid‐scale (SGS) model. The ILES results are compared with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of the same flows. The ILES results exhibit good agreements with the DNS for first‐ and second‐order statistics of velocity and passive scalar. The scalar transport by turbulent velocity fluctuations is well captured by the ILES. The temporal evolution of the jet strongly depends on the jet Mach number, where a higher Mach number results in the delay of jet development. The Mach number dependence of velocity and passive scalar fields is consistent between the ILES and DNS. The low‐pass filters used as the implicit SGS model contribute to the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy and scalar variance. Under the present numerical conditions, the filters account for about 50% of the dissipation in a fully developed turbulent jet. The dissipation rate in the ILES, which is the sum of the grid‐scale and SGS dissipation rates, is very close to the dissipation rate in the DNS, and the amount of the SGS dissipation is well controlled by the low‐pass filters. The filters also dump numerical oscillations in the velocity field caused by strong pressure waves outside the supersonic jet at the high Mach number.
Extending the cell‐based smoothed finite element method into strongly coupled fluid–thermal–structure interaction
Authors: He Tao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work generalizes the cell‐based smoothed finite element method (CS‐FEM) into fluid–thermal–structure interaction (FTSI) analysis under the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian description. The thermal buoyancy is included with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations through the Boussinesq approximation. The combined fluid flow and energy equations are solved by a smoothed characteristics‐based split algorithm that incorporates equal low‐order interpolations for the three primitive variables. The structural motions involving both oscillating rigid and flexible bodies are advanced by the generalized‐ method. Moreover, the nonlinear elastodynamics equations discretized with the CS‐FEM are linearized by the modified Newton–Raphson method. An efficient two‐level mesh updating scheme is subsequently discussed to account for large structural displacement and finite solid deformation. The cell‐based smoothing concept is then adopted to evaluate fluid forces acting on the immersed structure. The smoothed FTSI system is iteratively solved by the block‐Gauss–Seidel procedure. Transient FTSI examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the CS‐FEM.
Effects of coffee roasting technologies on cup quality and bioactive compounds of specialty coffee beans
Authors: Bolka Muluken , Emire Shimelis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of drum, fluidized bed, and traditional type of coffee roasting technologies on the cup quality and bioactive compounds of Yirgacheffe, Harar, and Sidama variety specialty coffee beans grown in Ethiopia were investigated at light, medium, and dark degree of roast from 150°C to 200°C for 7 to 15 min. No significant differences in cup quality were detected among the roasted coffee varieties disregard of the type of roasters. Varietal difference was found to have significant (p < .05) effect on caffeine content of the coffee beans. A significant reduction in trigonelline and total chlorogenic acids content of the coffee beans was observed during roasting process, with darker roasts attaining the least values. Drum roaster was found to be the best type of coffee roaster for specialty coffee beans at medium degree of roast with the highest cup quality, optimum bioactive compounds content, and minimum acrylamide formation. However, traditional roaster resulted at the least average cup score of 80% among the three coffee samples and the highest acrylamide content of 2.306 mg/L for Yirgacheffe coffee sample at light degree of roast. There are still some bottlenecks that need to be addressed via advancements using novel food processing technologies in order to devise the next generation of coffee processing.
Highly bioavailable curcumin preparation with a co‐grinding and solvent‐free process
Authors: Lu Yiying , Lin Mengting , Zong Jiancheng , Zong Lei , Zhao Zhen , Wang Shanglong , Zhang Zengliang , Han Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurcumin (Cur.) is a natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities in food and pharmaceutical products. However, curcumin's poor solubility in water greatly limits its bioavailability and clinical applications. In this study, co‐grinding curcumin with food additives produced a mixture, which was evaluated for the solubility in water, dissolution, material morphology, in vivo bioavailability, cell uptake and entry mechanism. We tested 9 food additives in total and found that poloxamers performed the best. The 2 co‐grinding mixtures Cur./Kolliphor® P407 and Cur./Kolliphor® P188 with high drug loading at 65.5% significantly improved the curcumin aqueous solubility, subsequently increased its intestinal epithelial cell uptake and oral bioavailability. The relative bioavailabilities for the 2 co‐grinding mixtures were 309% and 163%, respectively, compared with curcumin API. Co‐grinding process has a broad application prospect and is suitable for industrial production.
Iterative and doubling algorithms for Riccati‐type matrix equations: A comparative introduction
Authors: Poloni Federico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe review a family of algorithms for Lyapunov‐ and Riccati‐type equations which are all related to each other by the idea ofdoubling: they construct the iterate of another naturally‐arising fixed‐point iteration(Xh)via a sort of repeated squaring. The equations we consider are Stein equationsX − A∗X A = Q, Lyapunov equationsA∗X + X A + Q = 0, discrete‐time algebraic Riccati equationsX = Q + A∗X(I + G X)−1A, continuous‐time algebraic Riccati equationsQ + A∗X + X A − X G X = 0, palindromic quadratic matrix equationsA + Q Y + A∗Y2 = 0, and nonlinear matrix equationsX + A∗X−1A = Q. We draw comparisons among these algorithms, highlight the connections between them and to other algorithms such as subspace iteration, and discuss open issues in their theory.
Challenging the relationship of grip strength with cognitive status in older adults
Authors: Hooyman Andrew , Malek‐Ahmadi Michael , Fauth Elizabeth B. , Schaefer Sydney Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveGrip strength is a widely used motor assessment in ageing research and has repeatedly been shown to be associated with cognition. It has been proposed that grip strength could enhance cognitive screening in experimental or clinical research, but this study uses multiple data‐driven approaches to caution against this interpretation. Furthermore, we introduce an alternative motor assessment, comparable to grip dynamometry, but has a more robust relationship with cognition among older adults.DesignAssociations between grip strength and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were analysed cross sectionally using multivariate regression in two datasets: (1) The Irish LongituDinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 5,980, community‐dwelling adults ages 49–80) and (2) an experimental dataset (N = 250, community‐dwelling adults aged 39–98). Additional statistical simulations on TILDA tested how ceiling effects or skewness in these variables influenced these associations for quality control.ResultsGrip strength was significantly but weakly associated with cognition, consistent with previous studies. Simulations revealed this was not due to skewness/ceiling effects. Conversely, a new alternative motor assessment (functional reaching [FR]) had a stronger, more robust and more sensitive relationship with cognition compared to grip strength.ConclusionsGrip strength should be cautiously interpreted as being associated with cognition. However, FR may have a stronger and clinically useful relationship with cognition.
Financial wealth effects and consumption expenditure
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been a renewed interest in the wealth effects on household consumption expenditure mostly in the background of the global financial crisis and Eurozone turmoil. The available literature on wealth effects mostly focuses on advanced economies. Hence, this article studies the financial wealth effects on private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) in an emerging economy like India. We use the quarterly data for the period 1951–2015 and employ the ARDL method that has the flexibility in overcoming the econometric issues associated with the traditional methods in the analysis of time series models. The results suggest that financial assets wealth in the form of stock market capitalization (MC) significantly affects the PFCE. This article establishes the long‐run positive relationship between financial wealth assets and household consumption. The major inference is that households are closely linked with the financial markets through their investments in the form of insurance, mutual funds, company deposits, company stocks, and other forms. Hence their consumption behavior is significantly affected by the financial wealth created by the financial markets. The policy implication is to make the financial markets more transparent, easy to access by reducing the related financial intermediation costs leading to a deeper integration of the households with the financial markets, which in turn would result in increased financial asset wealth generation and consequently increased household consumption to boost economic growth.
Factors related to completion of referral among women with suspected cervical cancer and dysplasia in Tanzania
Authors: Yim Elizabeth T. , Rogers Taylor B. , Msami Khadija , Calixte Rose , Kahesa Crispin , Mwaiselage Julius D. , Dorn Joan , Soliman Amr S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate completion of referral among women with suspected cervical cancer in Tanzania.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 196 women referred from two healthcare clinics to Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, between March 2016 and June 2018. Women with precancerous lesions or suspected cancer were interviewed about their knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and referred for follow‐up.ResultsMost participants were unable to name symptoms (55.1%), prevention methods (88.3%), or treatments (59.0%), although 79.1% rated the disease as severe. Women who came for routine early detection were less likely to complete referral than those who did not (odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.70). Women who knew someone who died from cervical cancer were 5.40 times more likely to complete referral than those who did not. Knowing someone with cervical cancer was a predictor of referral completion in three multivariate models: OR, 5.62 (95% CI, 2.20–14.38); 4.34 (1.64–11.47); and 4.61 (1.72–12.36). Having severe symptoms was a predictor of non‐completion in two models: 0.30 (0.12–0.75) and 0.35 (0.14–0.87).ConclusionPatient‐directed interventions should include education involving survivors of cancer and dysplasia, whereas system‐directed interventions should utilize reminders to increase referral completion.