bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromelia karatas and Bromelia pinguin: sources of plant proteases used for obtaining antioxidant hydrolysates from chicken and fish by-products
Authors: Romero-Garay Martha Guillermina , Martínez-Montaño Emmanuel , Hernández-Mendoza Adrián , Vallejo-Cordoba Belinda , González-Córdova Aarón Fernando , Montalvo-González Efigenia , García-Magaña María de Lourdes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated new sources of plant proteases from fruits of Bromelia karatas (BK) and Bromelia pinguin (BP) to obtain antioxidant hydrolyzates/bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from chicken by-products (CH) and fish by-products (FH). The profile of the peptides was identified by reverse-phase high-resolution liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and the size weight distribution by molecular exclusion chromatography (SEC). The hydrolysates obtained with BK in both sources of by-products showed greater antioxidant capacity compared to those obtained with BP, presenting similar or higher values when compared to a commercial plant enzyme. The use of new sources of plant proteases allowed to obtain hydrolysates of hydrophilic character with a high percentage (> 50%) of peptides with molecular weights < 17.5 kDa from chicken and fish by-products. Therefore, based on the results obtained in antioxidant capacity it is possible to consider the hydrolysates as potential ingredients, food additives, and pharmaceutical products.
Extreme risk protection orders in King County, Washington: the epidemiology of dangerous behaviors and an intervention response
Authors: Frattaroli Shannon , Omaki Elise , Molocznik Amy , Allchin Adelyn , Hopkins Renee , Shanahan Sandra , Levinson Anne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws are a promising gun violence prevention strategy. ERPO laws allow specific categories of people (law enforcement in all states, family in most) to petition a court to request that an individual be temporarily prohibited from purchasing and possessing firearms because that individual is behaving dangerously and at risk of violence, either to themselves or others. In 2017 Washington State’s ERPO law took effect. King County developed a comprehensive approach to implementing the ERPO law. The early experience of King County offers important insight into how early adopters of these laws are incorporating EPROs into their approach to gun violence prevention.

Methods
We systematically reviewed, abstracted and coded data from every ERPO petition filed in King County in 2017 and 2018, and all ERPO court records associated with those petitions. We conducted descriptive analyses of the coded data.

Results
Seventy-five ERPO petitions were filed in King County during the study period. Judges granted a temporary ERPO in all 75 cases; 65 (87%) of these cases resulted in a one-year ERPO. Law enforcement initiated 73 (97%) of these petitions, and family members filed the remaining two. The 75 petitions filed described respondents’ risk as to “themselves only” in 30 cases (40%), to “others only” in 20 cases (27%) and “to themselves and others” in 25 cases (33%). Five cases where the threat was to “others only” met a definition of mass shooting threat. For 95% of the temporary ERPOs issued, the courts’ reasoning for issuing ERPOs included either current violence or brandishing a firearm. Court records for the 75 cases detail firearms removed and/or include receipts for removed firearms in 61 cases (81%) either as part of ERPO precipitating events (n = 13, 17%) or in conjunction with ERPO service (n = 48, 64%).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Washington’s ERPO law is being applied when someone is threatening violence to self or others, or brandishing a gun and at least one other risk factor is present. The early experience of King County provides insight into how this law is being implemented in one jurisdiction and how courts are evaluating such cases.
Mapping simulated circum-Arctic organic carbon, ground ice, and vulnerability of ice-rich permafrost to degradation
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Machiya Hirokazu , Iwahana Go , Ohno Hiroshi , Yokohata Tokuta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPermafrost is a large reservoir of soil organic carbon, accounting for about half of all the terrestrial storage, almost equivalent to twice the atmospheric carbon storage. Hence, permafrost degradation under global warming may induce a release of a substantial amount of additional greenhouse gases, leading to further warming. In addition to gradual degradation through heat conduction, the importance of abrupt thawing or erosion of ice-rich permafrost has recently been recognized. Such ice-rich permafrost has evolved over a long timescale (i.e., tens to hundreds of thousands of years). Although important, knowledge on the distribution of vulnerability to degradation, i.e., location and stored amount of ground ice and soil carbon in ice-rich permafrost, is still limited largely due to the scarcity of accessible in situ data. Improving the future projections for the Arctic using the Earth System Models will lead to a better understanding of the current vulnerability distribution, which is a prerequisite for conducting climatic and biogeochemical assessment that currently constitutes a large source of uncertainty. In this study, present-day circum-Arctic distributions (north of 50° N) in ground ice and organic soil carbon content are produced by a new approach to combine a newly developed conceptual carbon-ice balance model, and a downscaling technique with the topographical and hydrological information derived from a high-resolution digital elevation model (ETOPO1). The model simulated the evolution of ground ice and carbon for the recent 125 thousand years (from the Last Interglacial to the present) at 1° resolution. The 0.2° high-resolution circum-Arctic maps of the present-day ground ice and soil organic carbon, downscaled from the 1° simulations, were reasonable compared to the observation-based previous maps. These data, together with a map of vulnerability of ice-rich permafrost to degradation served as initial and boundary condition data for model improvement and the future projection of additional greenhouse gas release potentially caused by permafrost degradation.
Does competence of central bank governors influence financial stability?
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether the competence of central bank governors affects the stability of the financial system they are responsible for. Using publicly available information about central bank governors from 2000 to 2016 together with data on financial stability and the macroeconomy, the findings reveal that central bank governors’ competence promotes financial stability, depending on how competence is measured. Specifically, the findings reveal that the financial system is more stable when the central bank governor is older and male. The financial system is also stable during the tenure of a central bank governor that has a combination of cognitive ability, social capital and technical competence in economics. The gender analyses reveal that the financial system is also stable during the tenure of a female central bank governor that has high social capital or high cognitive abilities while the financial system is relatively less stable during the tenure of a male central bank governor that has high social capital or high cognitive abilities. Comparing developed countries to developing and transition countries, the findings reveal that the financial system of developed countries is more stable during the tenure of a central bank governor that has high cognitive ability, social capital and technical competence in economics while the financial system of developing and transition countries is less stable during the tenure of a central bank governor that has high cognitive ability, social capital and technical competence in economics. Also, there is evidence that the financial system of developing and transition countries is more stable during the tenure of a central bank governor that has knowledge in disciplines other than economics. The findings are consistent with the view that certain characteristics of central bankers shape their beliefs, preferences and choice of policy, which in turn, are consequential for policy outcomes during their tenure.
Persistent psychotic symptoms following COVID-19 infection
Authors: Lim Soon Tjin , Janaway Benjamin , Costello Harry , Trip Anand , Price Gary 
Published: July 2020

Summary
To date, there have been no detailed reports of patients developing persistent psychotic symptoms following Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. There have been reports of patients developing transient delirium (with and without hypoxia) after COVID-19 infection as well as other neurological manifestations. We report on a female patient who, post-COVID-19 infection, developed an initial delirium followed by persistent and florid psychotic symptoms consisting of persecutory delusion, complex visual and auditory hallucinations and Capgras phenomenon in the absence of hypoxia but elevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The psychotic symptoms persisted for about 40 days. Her magnetic resonance imaging brain scan, electroencephalogram, cerebrospinal fluid examination and extensive autoimmune panel did not show any abnormalities. The cause of the psychotic symptoms in this patient were not ascertained but we propose either an inflammatory state, characterised by the patient's elevated TNF-alpha levels as a possible contributing mechanism for her psychosis in line with the proinflammatory changes observed in some cases of psychosis. Or, an alternative, but unproven, hypothesis is one of an antibody-mediated encephalitic event induced by viral infection.
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome–Based Interventions for Palliative Cancer Care: A Systematic and Mapping Review
Authors: Karamanidou Christina , Natsiavas Pantelis , Koumakis Lefteris , Marias Kostas , Schera Fatima , Schäfer Michael , Payne Sheila , Maramis Christos 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSECapitalizing on the promise of patient-reported outcomes (PROs), electronic implementations of PROs (ePROs) are expected to play an important role in the development of novel digital health interventions targeting palliative cancer care. We performed a systematic and mapping review of the scientific literature on the current ePRO-based approaches used for palliative cancer care.METHODSFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines, the conducted review answered the research questions: “What are the current ePRO-based approaches for palliative cancer care; what is their contribution/value in the domain of palliative cancer care; and what are the potential gaps, challenges, and opportunities for further research?” After a screening step, the corpus of included articles indexed in PubMed or the Web of Science underwent full text review, which mapped the articles across 15 predefined axes.RESULTSThe corpus of 24 mapped studies includes 9 study protocols, 7 technical tools/solutions, 7 pilot/feasibility/acceptability studies, and 1 evaluation study. The review of the corpus revealed (1) an archetype of ePRO-enabled interventions for palliative cancer care, which most commonly use ePROs as study end point assessment instruments rather than integral intervention components; (2) the fact that the literature has not fully embraced the modern definitions that expand the scope of palliative care; (3) the striking shortage of promising ubiquitous computing devices (eg, smart activity trackers); and (4) emerging evidence about the benefits of narrowing down the target cancer population, especially when combined with modern patient-centered intervention design methodologies.CONCLUSIONAlthough research on exploiting ePROs for the development of digital palliative cancer care interventions is considerably active and demonstrates several successful cases, there is considerable room for improvement along the directions of the aforementioned findings.
Evaluation of a Chip-Based, Point-of-Care, Portable, Real-Time Micro PCR Analyzer for the Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Uterine Cervix in India
Authors: Hariprasad Roopa , Tulsyan Sonam , Babu Roshani , Dhanasekaran Kavitha , Thakur Nisha , Hussain Showket , Tripathi Richa , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Sharma Shashi , Sriram Latha , Singh Shalini , Mehrotra Ravi 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Currently available human papillomavirus (HPV) detection devices are expensive, requiring a continuous power supply, high-priced reagents, skilled laboratory personnel, and infrastructure. These make it difficult to implement primary HPV screening in high-risk (HR) populations, particularly in low-income settings such as in India. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a point-of-care, portable, battery-operated device called Truenat, which detects 4 HR HPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, and 45), as a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional HPV diagnostic tests. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a single-site, blinded, cross-sectional study that evaluated the performance of the Trunat HPV-HR using cervical samples collected from nonpregnant women > 30 years old via consecutive sampling. The comparison was conducted against the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) method. All the positive samples were validated by 14 Real-TM Quant Kit. RESULTS Of 615 cervical samples, the HR-HPV DNA test was positive in 78 women (12.7%) by HC2 and in 49 (8%) by Truenat. With the consideration of limited genotype inclusivity, the sensitivity and specificity of Truenat HPV-HR were 97.7% and 98.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The performance of Truenat HPV-HR test was comparable to that of HC2 in the 4 HPV genotypes and would be appropriate to consider for use in primary HR cervical cancer screening and particularly in low-income settings.
Reassessment of Urinary Aldosterone Measurement After Saline Infusion in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Kaneko Hiroki , Umakoshi Hironobu , Ishihara Yuki , Nanba Kazutaka , Tsuiki Mika , Kusakabe Toru , Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Yasoda Akihiro , Tagami Tetsuya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Urinary aldosterone levels (Uald) are widely measured in the oral sodium-loading test to confirm primary aldosteronism (PA), but reliable studies on their diagnostic value are limited. This may be due to the difficulty in collecting urine with reliable accuracy, keeping oral sodium intake constant between patients. Therefore, we focused on 24-hour Uald after intravenous saline infusion in a hospitalized setting, which provides a reliable sodium load in consistent amounts.

Objective
Comparing plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) and Uald after saline infusion in the sitting position, to evaluate the accuracy in determining PA subtypes and the correlation of both measurements.

Design and Setting
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in a single referral center.

Patients
Of 53 patients without renal dysfunction who were diagnosed with PA and underwent adrenal venous sampling, 16 and 37 were diagnosed with unilateral and bilateral PA, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures
Uald collected for 24 hours and PAC after saline infusion.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing unilateral PA was not significantly different between Uald and PAC after saline infusion (0.921 and 0.958, respectively; P = 0.370). The predicted optimal cutoff value of Uald was 16.5 μg/day (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 100%), and that of PAC after saline infusion was 19.3 ng/dL (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 97.3%). In studied patients with PA, Uald was positively correlated with PAC after saline infusion (r = 0.617; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
We reassessed Uald in PA patients under sufficient sodium loading and demonstrated the correlation between Uald and PAC after saline infusion.
Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia
Authors: Thomson Jack S. , Deakin Anthony G. , Cossins Andrew R. , Spencer Joseph W. , Young Iain S. , Sneddon Lynne U. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish.
Δε φοβάμαι το σεισμό, είμαι σεισμοειδικός
Authors: Παπαζαχαρίου Ε. , Κυρίτση Ε. 
Published: July 2020

Η παρούσα εργασία αφορά ένα πρόγραμμα Open Schools for Open Societies (OSOS) με τίτλο «Δε φοβάμαι το σεισμό, είμαι σεισμοειδικός». Βασικός του άξονας είναι οι φυσικές επιστήμες και τα αντικείμενα του STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) σε θεματικές που συνδέονται με σύγχρονες κοινωνικές προκλήσεις. Σκοπός του προγράμματος ήταν οι μαθητές της Γ’ Δημοτικού να γνωρίσουν το φαινόμενο των σεισμών και των ηφαιστείων και ταυτόχρονα να αυξηθεί το ενδιαφέρον και η περιέργειά τους για την εκπαίδευση STEM. Το πρόγραμμα διαρθρώθηκε σε 4 πεδία: 1)Νιώσε, 2)Φαντάσου, 3)Δημιούργησε και 4)Μοιράσου, λαμβάνοντας γνώσεις για τις σύγχρονες επιστημονικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με τη δομή της γης, το μηχανισμό που κάνει τη γη να «τρέμει», τα ρήγματα και τα ηφαίστεια. Η γνωριμία με τους σεισμούς, με βιωματικό, κυρίως, τρόπο και η εκτέλεση μιας σειράς πειραμάτων εξόπλισε τους μαθητές με ερευνητική διάθεση, απέκτησαν κατάλληλες γνώσεις για τους σεισμούς και τα ηφαίστεια και οδήγησε στην κατασκευή δύο σεισμογράφων με απλά υλικά.
A hands-on introduction to querying evolutionary relationships across multiple data sources using SPARQL
Authors: Sima Ana Claudia , Dessimoz Christophe , Stockinger Kurt , Zahn-Zabal Monique , Mendes de Farias Tarcisio 
Published: July 2020

The increasing use of Semantic Web technologies in the life sciences, in particular the use of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the RDF query language SPARQL, opens the path for novel integrative analyses, combining information from multiple data sources. However, analyzing evolutionary data in RDF is not trivial, due to the steep learning curve required to understand both the data models adopted by different RDF data sources, as well as the equivalent SPARQL constructs required to benefit from this data – in particular, recursive property paths. In this article, we provide a hands-on introduction to querying evolutionary data across several data sources that publish orthology information in RDF, namely: The Orthologous MAtrix (OMA), the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) RDF platform, the Database of Orthologous Groups (OrthoDB) and the Microbial Genome Database (MBGD). We present four protocols in increasing order of complexity. In these protocols, we demonstrate through SPARQL queries how to retrieve pairwise orthologs, homologous groups, and hierarchical orthologous groups. Finally, we show how orthology information in different data sources can be compared, through the use of federated SPARQL queries.
All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hughes Alice E. , Hayes M. Geoffrey , Egan Aoife M. , Patel Kashyap A. , Scholtens Denise M. , Lowe Lynn P. , Lowe Jr William L. , Dunne Fidelma P. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Freathy Rachel M. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Using genetic scores for fasting plasma glucose (FPG GS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D GS), we investigated whether the fasting, 1-hour and 2-hour glucose thresholds from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) have different implications for genetic susceptibility to raised fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in women from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) and Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) studies. Methods: Cases were divided into three subgroups: (i) FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L only, n=222; (ii) 1-hour glucose post 75 g oral glucose load ≥10 mmol/L only, n=154 (iii) 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L only, n=73; and (iv) both FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L and either of a 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, n=172. We compared the FPG and T2D GS of these groups with controls (n=3,091) in HAPO and DIP separately. Results: In HAPO and DIP, the mean FPG GS in women with a FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L, either on its own or with 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, was higher than controls (all P <0.01). Mean T2D GS in women with a raised FPG alone or with either a raised 1-hour or 2-hour glucose was higher than controls (all P <0.05). GDM defined by 1-hour or 2-hour hyperglycaemia only was also associated with a higher T2D GS than controls (all P <0.05). Conclusions: The different diagnostic categories that are part of the WHO 2013 criteria for GDM identify women with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes as well as a risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Estabilidad semántica en la producción de atributos semánticos entre adultos mayores y adultos jóvenes
Authors: Vivas Jorge Ricardo , Martinez Sandra , Krzemien Deisy , Lizarralde Francisco 
Published: July 2020

En los últimos años se ha producido una profusa investigación en torno al tema de la memoria semántica en la vejez. En ese marco el presente trabajo abordó la producción de atributos semánticos y las variaciones en la fluencia verbal en el envejecimiento cognitivo normal. Existen numerosos estudios sobre fluencia, pero son exiguos los estudios que comparan la distancia semántica entre conceptos en poblaciones de jóvenes y de mayores de una misma región. El objeto de este trabajo es comparar y analizar la distancia y la riqueza semántica por medio de la fluencia, dada para 130 conceptos por 90 adultos mayores de 65 años cognitivamente conservados, con los atributos producidos por 90 adultos jóvenes, tal como se hallan en las Normas de Producción de Atributos Semánticos en Español. Los atributos semánticos fueron empíricamente colectados en forma escrita y corresponden a las categorías de seres vivos y no vivos. Se encuentran diferencias significativas en fluencia verbal y convergencia en la constitución semántica entre los conceptos dados por ambos grupos etarios.Palabras clave: Atributos. Distancia Semántica. Fluencia Verbal. Adultos Mayores. Adultos Jóvenes