bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of visual pedagogy in improving plaque control and gingival inflammation among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: An interventional study
Authors: Du Rennan Yanlin , Lam Phoebe Pui Ying , Yiu Cynthia Kar Yung , McGrath Colman Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisual pedagogy (VP) is a behavioural intervention used to facilitate learning among autistic children. Limited studies have evaluated VP when applied to dentistry.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of VP in improving oral hygiene and gingival health status of autistic children.DesignThe interventional study was conducted among 122 autistic preschool children and their parents in Hong Kong. Toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) was provided to parents for supervising their children with toothbrushing at home. The children's sociodemographic background, developmental profile, and clinical parameters were obtained via parental questionnaire, standardised assessment form, and clinical examination, respectively. The change in plaque and gingival indices over time and potential confounding factors were evaluated with Friedman's two‐way analysis of variance and logistic regressions, respectively.ResultsSignificantly lower level of plaque and gingival inflammation was found at 3 months and 6 months than baseline. The oral health status of children with poorer baseline oral hygiene status and gingival health was more likely to improve with TBVP. Other developmental and socio‐economic backgrounds had insignificant associations on the improvement of these clinical parameters.ConclusionThe findings suggest TBVP is effective in promoting oral hygiene maintenance and improving the periodontal conditions among individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Labour‐Based Justifications of Intellectual Property and the Problem of Disruptive Innovations
Authors: Duncan Samuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJustifying intellectual property on the basis of labour is an understandably popular strategy, but there is a tension in basing some intellectual property claims on labour that has gone largely unnoticed in treatments of the subject: many forms of innovation cause people to lose their jobs, which seriously hampers the ability of those who lose work to productively use their own labour. This article shows that even under Lockean and other labour‐based justifications of intellectual property rights those who claim property rights to innovations of this type have special obligations to compensate those who lose work because of their inventions. By examining the problem that such innovations create, I hope to contribute to larger debates about automation and the job losses it often brings. Lockean and other labour‐based theories of intellectual property are generally taken to secure strong, noninstrumental rights to intellectual property if they are successful. So, if even these theories imply that those who profit from the innovations driving automation have special obligations to those left jobless by it, that is strong evidence that they do in fact have such obligations.
Update on high‐power short‐duration ablation for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Qiu Jie , Wang Yan , Wang Dao Wen , Hu Mei , Chen Guangzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, this procedure remains complex and time‐consuming, and the recurrence of AF after PVI is still unsatisfactory. Current technologies have improved our knowledge of the association between radiofrequency lesion creation and ablation parameters (power and duration), which triggered the development of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD). During the past decade, several preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to confirm the feasibility, safety, and outcome of PVI ablation with HPSD or very high‐power short‐duration (vHPSD) settings, which increased electrophysiologists' interests in the utility of HPSD strategies. This paper describes the theoretical basis and recent research findings of HPSD or vHPSD ablation and summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art evidence behind the role of this strategy in PVI.
Morphometric characteristics of myocardial sleeves of the pulmonary veins
Authors: Szczepanek Elżbieta , Bolechała Filip , Koziej Mateusz , Jasińska Katarzyna A. , Hołda Mateusz K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pulmonary veins are covered by a myocardial layer, which is often an electrical substrate for atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to study the morphologic characteristics of the myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins by examining a large group of freshly autopsied human material.Methods and ResultsThe study macroscopically examined a total of 498 pulmonary veins draining the left atrium (120 unpreserved human hearts). In 75.0% of specimens, a classical pulmonary venous pattern was observed. The remainder of specimens either had an additional middle right pulmonary vein (20.0% of cases) or a common left pulmonary vein (5.0% of cases). Among all the veins seen in the classical pulmonary venous drainage type, the left superior pulmonary vein had the longest myocardial sleeves (9.4 ± 4.6 mm; coverage = 60.1 ± 19.4%), followed by the left inferior pulmonary vein (6.6 ± 3.5 mm; coverage = 47.6 ± 18.3%), the right superior pulmonary vein (6.0 ± 2.7 mm; coverage = 50.5 ± 13.9%) and then the right inferior pulmonary vein (5.0 ± 2.8 mm; coverage = 45.6 ± 16.2%; analysis of variance p < .001). In hearts with an additional right pulmonary vein, this vessel had the shortest myocardial sleeves (2.7 ± 1.1 mm; coverage = 36.0 ± 11.6%). In hearts with a common left pulmonary vein, the myocardial sleeves had the longest course for the common vein (13.7 ± 4.4 mm; coverage = 79.7 ± 4.9%).ConclusionsMyocardial sleeves of the pulmonary veins were seen in each examined specimen, however, their length varied significantly. In hearts with a classical venous drainage pattern, the left superior pulmonary vein had the longest sleeves. When present, an additional middle right pulmonary vein had the shortest myocardial sleeves, while the left common pulmonary vein had the longest sleeves.
Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with short stature: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Achintya D , Singh Prashant , Farooqui Naba , Strand Tor , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimShort stature is a common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the global prevalence of CeD in patients presenting with short stature.MethodsWe searched Medline and EMBASE databases for the keywords “celiac disease, coeliac disease, anti‐gliadin, tissue transglutaminase antibody, anti‐endomysial antibody, short stature and growth retardation.” All the studies published from January 1991 to May 2020 were included. Patients without any prior evaluation for short stature were classified as all‐cause short stature, while prior evaluated patients, where no cause was found for short stature, were classified as idiopathic short stature. The diagnosis of CeD was based on the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines. A random‐effects model was used to pool the data.ResultsSeventeen studies screening 3759 patients (1582 with all‐cause short stature and 2177 with idiopathic short stature) were included. The pooled seroprevalence of CeD based on positive anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibody and anti‐endomysial antibody was 11.2% (95% CI 4.0–21.2%; I2 = 86%) and 9.7% (95% CI 2.7–20.2%; I2 = 95%) for all‐cause and idiopathic short stature, respectively. Similarly, pooled prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed CeD was 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–10.6%; I2 = 76%) and 11.6% (95% CI 4.1–22.2%; I2 = 97%), for all‐cause and idiopathic short stature, respectively. There was an overall severe risk of selection bias and significant heterogeneity in the pooled results.ConclusionsApproximately one in 14 patients with all‐cause short stature and one in nine patients with idiopathic short stature had biopsy‐confirmed CeD. Therefore, evaluation for CeD may be prudent in all patients with short stature.
SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance for a non‐human primate breeding research facility
Authors: Yee JoAnn L. , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Carpenter Amanda B. , Nham Peter B. , Halley Bryson M. , Iyer Smita S. , Hartigan‐O'Connor Dennis J. , Miller Christopher J. , Roberts Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the ensuing COVID‐19 pandemic prompted the need for a surveillance program to determine the viral status of the California National Primate Research Center non‐human primate breeding colony, both for reasons of maintaining colony health and minimizing the risk of interference in COVID‐19 and other research studies.MethodsWe collected biological samples from 10% of the rhesus macaque population for systematic testing to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 virus by RT‐PCR and host antibody response by ELISA. Testing required the development and validation of new assays and an algorithm using in laboratory‐developed and commercially available reagents and protocols.Results and ConclusionsNo SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA or antibody was detected in this study; therefore, we have proposed a modified testing algorithm for sentinel surveillance to monitor for any future transmissions. As additional reagents and controls become available, assay development and validation will continue, leading to the enhanced sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and efficiency of testing.
Epigenetic restoration of voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv1.2 alleviates nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Rong Lina , Shao Jinping , Zhang Yidan , Liu Yaping , Zhao Sen , Li Lei , Yu Wenli , Zhang Mengya , Ren Xiuhua , Zhao Qingzan , Zhu Changlian , Luo Huan , Zang Weidong , Cao Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVoltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv) are important regulators of neuronal excitability for its role of regulating resting membrane potential and repolarization. Recent studies show that Kv channels participate in neuropathic pain, but the detailed underlying mechanisms are far from being clear. In this study, we used siRNA, miR‐137 agomir, and antagomir to regulate the expression of Kv1.2 in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of naïve and chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. Kv currents and neuron excitability in DRG neurons were examined by patch‐clamp whole‐cell recording to verify the change in Kv1.2 function. The results showed that Kv1.2 was down‐regulated in DRG and spinal dorsal horn (SDH) by CCI. Knockdown of Kv1.2 by intrathecally injecting Kcna2 siRNA induced significant mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in naïve rats. Concomitant with the down‐regulation of Kv1.2 was an increase in the expression of the miR‐137. The targeting and regulating of miR‐137 on Kcna2 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter system and intrathecal injecting miR‐137 agomir. Furthermore, rescuing the expression of Kv1.2 in CCI rats, achieved through inhibiting miR‐137, restored the abnormal Kv currents and excitability in DRG neurons, and alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. These results indicate that the miR‐137‐mediated Kv1.2 impairment is a crucial etiopathogenesis for the nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain and can be a novel potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain management.
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Rosacea and the cardiovascular system
Authors: Searle Tamara , Al‐Niaimi Firas , Ali Faisal R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRosacea and the cardiometabolic syndrome are both associated with chronic inflammation and a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. Emerging clinical evidence supports the relationship between rosacea and cardiometabolic syndrome hypertension and obesity. This article reviews our current findings and understanding in the skin and cardiovascular relationship in rosacea. Rosacea appears to be associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The role of smoking in rosacea is currently less clear. It remains uncertain whether treatment of these risk factors will aid improvement of rosacea. Greater understanding of rosacea and its association with the cardiovascular system and underlying risk factors could allow for a greater understanding of the body's inflammatory response as well as the formulation of new guidelines for attending clinicians. Dermatologists treating rosacea patients might need to consider enquiring and evaluate their patients' underlying cardiovascular risk factors.
Topical immunotherapy in combination with anthralin in the treatment of refractory alopecia areata
Authors: Kagami Shinji , Kishi Yuriko , Hino Haruko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment is often challenging in patients with alopecia areata. We often try topical immunotherapy to treat alopecia areata in Japan. Anthralin is sometimes used in other countries.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of combination therapy with both topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester or diphenylcyclopropenone and anthralin in the treatment of refractory alopecia areata.MethodsWe treat four patients with refractory alopecia areata by topical immunotherapy and anthralin. Two patients had alopecia areata multilocularis and the other two patients had alopecia totalis. The entire scalp was treated with weekly application of squaric acid dibutylester or diphenylcyclopropenone and daily 0.5% anthralin ointment. Patients were followed up weekly, and adverse effects were recorded.ResultsOne patient with multifocal patches of alopecia areata got complete hair regrowth at week 30, the other patient with multifocal patches of alopecia areata turned for the worse at week 30 and recovered at week 52. Hair regrowth was not seen in the other two patients with alopecia totalis. Localized pruritis and hyperpigmentation of the scalp were seen in two patients.ConclusionsTo treat alopecia areata unresponsive to topical immunotherapy alone, topical immunotherapy in combination with anthralin is worth a try.
Parents' experiences of transition from hospital to home of a child with complex health needs: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ronan Sophie , Brown Michael , Marsh Lynne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo critically appraise primary research on the views and experiences of parents of children with complex health needs during the transition from hospital to home.BackgroundChildren with complex health needs frequently transition across and within healthcare systems, due to their age, care needs and ongoing health conditions. Repeated and unplanned admissions are significantly higher for children with complex health needs. Yet parents, as the primary providers of care, report being unsupported and unprepared during the transition from hospital back to home due to poor communication, inadequate discharge planning and education, resulting in stress and anxiety within the home environment.DesignSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsA systematic search was completed of the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library Review between January 2009 and September 2019. Data were extracted, categorised and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. An adapted CASP qualitative assessment tool was utilised for quality assessment. All included articles were marked for validity and relevance to current research with an overall score from 0–20.ResultsA total of 13 studies of mixed quality were identified. CASP quality scores ranged from 13–18. Four themes emerged highlighting parents' experiences of the emotional processes, communication, coordination and support and resources when transitioning from hospital to home.ConclusionsHospital discharge and transition from hospital to home is a complicated and at times frustrating process for parents of children with complex health needs. Parents report being exhausted and stressed during this often‐challenging period of adjustment which was perceived as a difficult and emotional process. There is a clear lack of support available for parents both from hospital and community services.
The Wages of Mothers' Labor: AMeta‐RegressionAnalysis
Authors: de Linde Leonard Megan , Stanley T. D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the motherhood wage penalty and explain its wide variation across the research literature.BackgroundDetermining the size and understanding the cause of the motherhood wage penalty has important policy implications. If there is no practically significant motherhood wage penalty, then many of the popular explanations for the gender wage gap must be reassessed. If there is a significant motherhood penalty, its cause can help direct policy.MethodWe conduct a systematic review and meta‐regression analysis (MRA) of 49 studies and 1895 estimates of the motherhood wage penalty.ResultsMeta‐regression identifies 23 research characteristics associated with the reported penalty, including: the ways in which that wages are measured, selective reporting, the econometric methods employed, and the omission of relevant worker qualities from the wage equation. After controlling for multiple paths of heterogeneity, selection, misspecification biases, unobserved productivity effects, and selective reporting, our MRA identifies a small, but robust, motherhood wage penalty, mainly driven by a few countries: USA, UK, Germany, and Norway.ConclusionWe estimate that the motherhood wage penalty is about 4% ± 2%, per child, for US mothers. Our findings are most consistent with a perceived productivity effect or with discrimination.
Inter‐individual variation of bolus properties in triggering swallowing during chewing in healthy humans
Authors: Maeda Rumiko , Takei Eri , Ito Kayoko , Magara Jin , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a wide variation of chewing behaviours even in healthy humans. The present study was aimed to clarify how the rheological properties of the bolus during chewing are different among individuals. We also investigated whether the swallowing threshold was consistent among the individuals and whether the difference in the bolus properties at the swallowing affected swallowing movement.MethodsTwenty‐nine healthy volunteers were asked to ingest 8 g of steamed rice. Based on the chewing duration defined by the time until first swallow, participants were asked to chew the food and then either spit it out or swallow it at 50%, 100% and 150% of chewing duration. In seven volunteers, the maximum bite force was measured.ResultsThe hardness of the bolus gradually decreased throughout recording. Although the chewing duration varied widely, there was a significant negative correlation between time and hardness, regardless of the difference in individual chewing duration. The cohesiveness of the bolus was unchanged at the 100% time point, followed by a slight but significant increase. There was no significant correlation between the chewing duration and adhesiveness of the bolus. Swallowing‐related bursts of Supra and Infra EMGs were not related to the chewing duration or bolus properties, and chewing duration did not affect swallowing function.ConclusionThe current results suggest that the bolus properties such as the hardness and cohesiveness during chewing are just dependent on the chewing duration and the difference in the bolus properties does not affect the swallowing initiation and movement.
Time to positive blood culture in early onset neonatal sepsis: A retrospective clinical study and review of the literature
Authors: Marks Lucinda , de Waal Koert , Ferguson John K 
Published: July 2020

AimNeonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) is a low‐incidence, high‐risk disease which has prompted significant overtreatment with antibiotics for the standard duration of 48 h. The aims of this study were to determine whether blood cultures collected from term and late preterm neonates for EOS would return a positive result for pathogenic bacteria within 24 h and to review the literature to supplement the results.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of time to positive blood culture in the BACTEC culture system from neonates ≥34 weeks in a single referral centre between 1999 and 2018. A literature review was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase using search terms of ‘neonatal sepsis’ AND ‘blood culture’. Studies were included if they reported time to positive blood culture in EOS.ResultsForty positive cultures were included in this report, with 39 (98%) showing bacterial growth within 24 h. One culture, obtained after commencement of antibiotics, became positive at 3 days. Sixteen papers were included in our literature review and six presented data for an EOS cohort; a median of 96.5% of pathogenic EOS blood cultures become positive within 24 h.ConclusionsAll pathogenic blood cultures collected pre‐therapy from neonates ≥34 weeks suspected of EOS returned a positive result within 24 h of incubation. Similar studies have found that 92–100% of cultures are positive by 24 h. This data could contribute to re‐evaluation of the current standard duration of antibiotic use in term and late preterm neonates with suspected EOS.
Switching diseased cells from cytosolic aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: A metabolic rhythm regulated by melatonin?
Authors: Reiter Russel J. , Sharma Ramaswamy , Ma Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis commentary reviews the concept of the circadian melatonin rhythm playing an essential role in reducing the development of diseases such as solid tumors which adopt cytosolic aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) to support their enhanced metabolism. Experimental data show that solid mammary tumors depend on aerobic glycolysis during the day but likely revert to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at night for ATP production. This conversion of diseased cells during the day to a healthier phenotype at night occurs under control of the circulating melatonin rhythm. When the nocturnal melatonin rise is inhibited by light exposure at night, cancer cells function in the diseased state 24/7. The ability of melatonin to switch cancer cells as well as other diseased cells, for example, Alzheimer disease, fibrosis, hyperactivation of macrophages, etc, from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may be a basic protective mechanism to reduce pathologies.