bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Asymmetric Hearing Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Suen Jonathan J. , Betz Joshua , Reed Nicholas S. , Deal Jennifer A. , Lin Frank R. , Goman Adele M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To estimate the national prevalence of asymmetric hearing among adults through applying two distinct audiometric criteria.

Study Design:
National cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Ambulatory examination centers within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Patients:
Non-institutionalized adults in the United States from the 2001 to 2012 cycles of NHANES aged 20 years and older with pure tone audiometric and tympanometric data (n = 6,190).

Intervention:
Standardized protocol for pure tone audiometry and tympanometry.

Main Outcome Measure:
Proportion of asymmetric hearing according to two distinct audiometric criteria. One criterion (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery [AAO-HNS]) specifies asymmetry as a difference between pure tone averages (PTA) greater than 15 dB, and the other (Veterans Affairs [VA]) specifies asymmetry as a difference greater than/equal to 20 dB across two contiguous frequencies or 10 dB across three contiguous frequencies. Analyses included sampling weights to account for the epidemiologic survey's complex sampling design.

Results:
Using a definition from the AAO-HNS, overall prevalence was 2.77 and 9.46% when calculating the PTA with 0.5 to 4 kHz and 4 to 8 kHz, respectively. In contrast, through a working definition used within the VA, overall prevalence was 25.05% across 0.5 to 8 kHz. Estimates differed across sex and age, with men and older age cohorts exhibiting higher prevalence.

Conclusions:
A nationally-representative sample of US adults indicates higher prevalence of asymmetric hearing among men and older adult cohorts. There is currently no standard audiometric criterion for defining asymmetry, and prevalence estimates vary markedly depending on which audiometric criteria is used. Given the potentially high prevalence of asymmetry depending on criterion, clinicians should also consider other supplementary clinical data when recommending medical referral.
Genetic consultations in cases of unexplained fractures and haemorrhage: an evidence-based approach
Authors: Shur Natasha , Summerlin Maxwell L. , Robin Nathaniel H. , Moreno-Mendelson Adam , Shalaby-Rana Eglal , Hinds Tanya 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
When infants and young children present with suspected physical abuse, it is critical to follow standard guidelines and rule out alternative causes of fracture and haemorrhage. A multidisciplinary team involved in the initial evaluation typically includes paediatrics, radiology, child protective services and/or law enforcement, and in complex cases, haematology, neurology, and genetics. A comprehensive genetics consultation includes review of the history of present illness, birth and past medical history, review of growth curves, family history, physical examination, radiological findings, and when indicated, biochemical and/ or genetic testing.

Recent findings
A number of reports have mischaracterized several genetic disorders as child abuse mimics. There is a difference between a differential diagnosis, which includes every condition that can cause a fracture and/or subdural haemorrhage, and a mimic, so called because it can be difficult to differentiate from child abuse. In this review, we discuss the differential diagnosis for infantile fractures and subdural bleeds, highlight cardinal signs and symptoms of genetic disorders, and demonstrate that these genetic disorders can be readily differentiated and diagnosed using a stepwise approach. Genetic disorders rarely, if ever, are truly mimics of child physical abuse.

Summary
In cases of suspected child physical abuse, multidisciplinary evaluations by paediatric specialists, keen clinical judgment, complete physical examinations, and judicious testing provides an evidence-based, time tested approach to excluding genetic disorders and diagnosing suspected child physical abuse.
Update on premature physeal closure. Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: de Pablos Julio , Arenas-Miquelez Antonio , Arbeloa-Gutierrez Lucas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Premature Physeal Closure (PPC) is the most common consequence of a mostly posttraumatic, physeal injury. They are of utmost importance because they can significantly alter physeal function and lead to disorders such as limb length discrepancies and angular deformities.

Recent findings
The type of physeal fracture has not demonstrated a solid predictive value in the formation of PPC, especially in the knee where almost any type of fracture can produce it. The detection of physeal damage with imaging tests (simple radiology and MRI) is very accurate; however, their predictive capacity to foretell which injury will generate a physeal bridge is still poor. For this reason, it is not advisable to make surgical decisions at the first medical assessment. Direct surgical management of PPC's (resection-interposition technique) has generally shown high unpredictability. Nevertheless, the latest interposition materials (chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) showed promising results.

Summary
PPC is an often devastating consequence of physeal injury and as such deserves further research. To date little is known about etiopathogenesis, risk factors and natural history among other aspects. Until direct surgery offers more consistent results, acute osteotomies and bone distraction for progressive correction continue to be the most widespread treatments for PPCs.
Developments in immunosuppression
Authors: Viklicky Ondrej , Slatinska Janka , Novotny Marek , Hruba Petra 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
In this review, we discuss achievements in immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients published at last 18 months.

Recent findings
Results of recent trials with everolimus in low-risk primary kidney transplant recipients suggest that lowTAC/EVR combination is noninferior and CMV and BKV viral infections are less frequent to standTAC/MPA. Iscalimab monoclonal antibody, which prevents CD40 to CD154 binding, has just recently entered phase II clinical studies in kidney transplantation. Eculizumab, anti-C5 monoclonal antobody was recently shown to improve outcomes in DSA+ living-donor kidney transplant recipients requiring pretransplant desensitization because of crossmatch positivity. Proximal complement C1 inhibition in patients with antibody-mediated rejection was studied in several phase I trials.

Summary
Recent knowledge creates a path towards future immunosuppression success in sensitized recipients and in those in high risk of viral infections or CNI nephrotoxicity.
The Impact of Aerobic Training on Cardiovascular Reactivity to and Recovery From Psychological and Orthostatic Challenge
Authors: Sloan Richard P. , Shapiro Peter A. , Lauriola Vincenzo , McIntyre Kathleen , Pavlicova Martina , Choi Chien-Wen Jean , Choo Tse-Hwei , Scodes Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Elevated cardiovascular reactivity to, and reduced recovery from, challenging events may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and exercise training may reduce this reactivity. However, in a randomized controlled trial of aerobic versus strength training in sedentary, healthy young adults, we found no training group differences in reactivity or recovery. Because strength training also may have a reactivity-reducing effect, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from another trial, this time with a wait-list control condition.

Methods
One hundred nineteen healthy, young, sedentary adults were randomized to a 12-week aerobic training program or wait-list control. Before (T1) and after (T2) training and after 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning (T3), we measured heart rate (HR), heart rate variability, and blood pressure at rest and in response to and recovery from psychological and orthostatic challenge. Data were analyzed using a group (aerobic versus wait-list) by session (T1, T2, and deconditioning) and by period (baseline, psychological challenge, recovery, standing) three-way analysis of variance with prespecified contrasts.

Results
Aerobic capacity significantly increased at T2 and decreased at T3 only in the aerobic training group. The groups did not differ on HR, heart rate variability, or blood pressure reactivity to or recovery from challenge. Without baseline adjustment, there were no significant treatment differences in response to challenges. With baseline adjustment, there were significant treatment by session effects for HR (Cohen d = 0.54, p = .002), systolic blood pressure (d = 0.44, p = .014), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.74, p = .002), and root mean squared successive difference (d = 0.48, p = .006) reactivity from T1 to T2 only for orthostatic challenge: at T2, reactivity in the aerobic group was nonsignificantly reduced, compared with T1. In the wait-list group, reactivity significantly increased after T1.

Conclusions
This study raises further doubt about attenuation of cardiovascular reactivity or enhancement of recovery as a cardioprotective mechanism of aerobic exercise training.

Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT01335737.
Online resources supporting workers with chronic episodic disabilities: an environmental scan
Authors: Van Eerd Dwayne , Bowring Julie , Jetha Arif , Breslin F. Curtis , Gignac Monique A.M. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to conduct an environmental scan describing publicly available resources focussed on working with an episodic disability and providing information and advice about communication and accommodation to support working people living with episodic disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an environmental scan of English language, freely available, online resources relevant to episodic disabilities in the workplace. The authors used Google™ to conduct structured keyword searches. Resources were reviewed and data extracted about episodic health condition(s) addressed, intended audience(s), resource format and content about health, legal rights, workplace issues, and accommodation and communication needs.FindingsSearches yielded 5,300 links to websites which was supplemented by 101 links identified by partners. Screening for relevance found 210 resources for which data were extracted. Of them, 158 addressed specific episodic disabilities or episodic disabilities generally. Most resources provided useful information addressing communication and accommodation of episodic disability. However, information specific to the episodic nature of disability was not consistently available. The resources generally lacked interactivity which could potentially limit users in applying the information to their personal circumstances.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest there are good resources to help workers and managers/supervisors navigate accommodations for episodic disabilities. Research should aim to improve the interactivity of information to personalize resources to worker and workplace needs, as well as formally evaluate resources and their outcomes. Practitioners may wish to recommend resources that specifically address workplace challenges for their clients.Originality/valueThe authors believe this is one of few studies that examined publicly available resources relevant to working with episodic disabilities.
Solid–liquid two-phase flow and erosion calculation of butterfly valves at small opening based on DEM method
Authors: Xu Benliang , Zhu Zuchao , Lin Zhe , Wang Dongrui 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The study aims to decrease the effect of solid particles on a butterfly valve, which will cause seal failure and leakage, providing a reference for anti-wear design.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, computational fluid dynamics discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulation was conducted to study the solid–liquid two-phase flow characteristics and erosion characteristics of a butterfly valve with a different opening.

Findings
Abrasion at 10% opening is affected by high-speed jets in upper and lower parts of the pipeline, where the erosion is intense. The impact of the jet on the upper part of 20% opening begins to weaken. With the top backflow vortex disappearing, the effect of lower jet is enhanced. Meanwhile, the bottom backflow vortex phenomenon is obvious, and the abrasion position moves downward. At 30% opening, the velocity is further weakened, and the circulation effect of lower flow channel is more obvious than that of the upper one.

Originality/value
It is the first time to use DEM to investigate the two-phase flow and erosion characteristics at a small opening of a butterfly valve, considering the effect of inter-particle collision. Therefore, this study carries on the thorough analysis and discussion. At the same opening degree, with increasing of the particle size, the abrasion of valve frontal surface increases when the size is less than 150 µm and decreases when it is greater than 150 µm. For the valve backflow surface, this boundary value becomes 200 µm.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2020-0264/
Growth effect of foreign direct investment and financial development: new insights from a threshold approach
Authors: An Thu-Ha Thi , Yeh Kuo-Chun 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth contingent on the development level of the local financial system in emerging and developing Asia during the period 1996–2017.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the threshold approach, namely the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model, for the annual data collection of 18 emerging and developing Asian countries in 22 years. The authors analyze the alternative PSTR models on different proxies of financial development (FD).FindingsThe results show new findings of two distinct thresholds of FD in the FDI–growth nexus. The growth-enhancing effect of FDI is realized only when the FD lies between the two threshold values. Notably, at very high levels of FD, the beneficial effect of FDI on growth is vanishing.Originality/valueThe authors provide new insights into the growth effect of FDI and the role of FD. The estimated nonlinear effect of FDI on growth and the thresholds of FD can be benchmarks for emerging and developing Asia in assessment of their situations. The results suggest important implications to the region in setting the long-run policies to boost the effect of FDI on economic growth.
Never waste a good crisis
Authors: O'Brien Linda 
Published: December 2020

PurposeCOVID-19 is no different. It presents us with opportunities to accelerate some changes we may already have in play, to either challenge some long-held assumptions or to think more creatively about new ways of working.Design/methodology/approachCrises almost always bring to light not only threats but also opportunities, including a chance to reflect and learn. The author of this study is never the one to waste the opportunity that externally driven change creates to learn from what she has been witnessing and to accelerate change that she was already planning, to stop some things and start others which more effectively align with the vision of the organisation.FindingsThis paper charts a course through some of the author’s thinking and actions in the digital information world over the last 30 years. Partly it is a story of “the more things change the more they stay the same” and partly a story of “overnight change which has been decades in the making”. It ends with the author’s thoughts on two opportunities that she believes we cannot afford to ignore.Originality/valueThis paper charts a course through some of the author’s thinking and actions in the digital information world over the last 30 years. Its premise is that COVID-19 creates a fertile ground for library and information professionals to grasp the opportunities before them to realise aspirations which have been long held.
Supportive organizational climate: a moderated mediation model of workplace bullying and employee well-being
Authors: Hayat Aamir , Afshari Leila 
Published: December 2020

PurposeDrawing from conservation of resources theory, this study explores how perceived organizational support mitigates the adverse consequences of workplace bullying on employee well-being mediated through burnout.Design/methodology/approachThe data (N = 360) were collected from the hotel sector in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that workplace bullying not only has a direct negative impact on employee well-being but it also indirectly leads to diminished employee well-being by increasing employee burnout. In addition, the findings confirmed the moderating role of perceived organizational support, revealing that perceived organizational support plays a mitigating role in linking workplace bullying to employee well-being and burnout. Employees who experience workplace bullying may compensate for the depletion of their cognitive resources if they feel supported by their organization.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the utility of managing workplace bullying to improve employee well-being and encourages human resource practitioners to develop policies that prevent workplace bullying.Originality/valueThe current research contributes to the validation of theory by examining the impact of workplace bullying on employee well-being in a cultural context with high power distance and subsequently, higher tolerance for workplace bullying. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is the first to investigate the moderating role of perceived organizational support on the meditated relationship between workplace bullying and employee well-being in Pakistan. Furthermore, the current study employs the conservation of resources theory to explore how employees obtain external resources such as organizational support to enhance their resource repository in handling workplace bullying.
The relationship between poor CSR performance and hard, negative CSR information disclosures
Authors: Jeriji Maher , Louhichi Waël 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hard, negative corporate social responsibility (CSR) information disclosure and corporate social performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a generalised least squares panel data analysis based on a sample of firms ranked in the Fortune Global 500 for the period 2013–2016. Robustness check tests were conducted to limit endogeneity concerns.

Findings
The results show that in line with strategic legitimacy theory, agency theory and organisational stigma theory, poor sustainability performers disclose a low quality of hard, negative CSR information.

Practical implications
This paper provides guidance for stakeholders to identify good and poor CSR performers by better understanding whether corporate CSR reports are more likely to be symbolic or substantive when considering the amount of hard, negative content in their CSR stand-alone reports.

Social implications
The research highlights the opportunistic behaviour of CSR reporting, which is used more as a legitimation device than as an accountability mechanism. Thi

Originality/value
Although numerous studies have investigated the association between the level of corporate social disclosure (CSD) and corporate social performance, no research has focussed on hard, negative CSD. Also, an index that captures the disclosure quality rather than the quantity of negative CSR information was constructed.
Drivers of income inequality in Africa: Does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Kunawotor Mark Edem , Bokpin Godfred Alufar , Barnor Charles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the role institutional quality plays amongst the empirical drivers of income inequality in Africa. Using a dynamic two‐step difference GMM with robust standard errors over the period 1990–2017, we find no statistically significant effect of institutions in general, on income inequality. However, we find that institutional quality indicators such as control of corruption and the strict enforcement of the rule of law significantly reduce income inequality. We also find no statistically significant effects of the other institutional quality indicators such as government effectiveness, voice and accountability, regulatory quality and political stability on income inequality in our sample. We suggest that more premium be placed on corruption control and the stringent adherence to the rule of law in ensuring equitable distribution of income in Africa. Furthermore, we re‐echo suggestions that promote institutional development in Africa as institutions in general remain very weak.
Catching the White Fish: gossip and cocaine on Colombia's Northern Pacific coast
Authors: Acosta García Nicolás 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat is life like after drift‐cocaine arrives in a village on Colombia's Northern Pacific coast? Drift‐cocaine is a side‐effect of the interdiction of drug transport boats heading towards Central and North America as part of the US‐Colombian War on Drugs. Villagers refer to drift‐cocaine as the White Fish. Through ethnographic engagement with Afro‐descendant peoples in Chocó, this article explores the effects and relations that emerge from an ocean turned into an amphitheatre of fishing livelihoods, drug traffickers, and military operations. By taking seriously the White Fish as the way people refer to cocaine, I focus on gossip and rumour as the strategies they employ to discuss the pervasive effects of the drug trade. I trace three interrelated discussions – concerning violence, cocaine, and the White Fish – in order to argue for the usefulness of gossip and rumour in investigative ethnographies of violence.
The primary, secondary, and structures of higher levels of pectin polysaccharides
Authors: Zdunek Artur , Pieczywek Piotr M. , Cybulska Justyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPectin is a heteropolysaccharide abundant in the cell wall of plants and is obtained mainly from fruit (citrus and apple), thus its properties are particularly prone to changes occurring during ripening process. Properties of pectin depend on the string‐like structure (conformation, stiffness) of the molecules that determines their mutual interaction and with the surrounding environment. Therefore, in this review the primary, secondary, and structures of higher levels of pectin chains are discussed in relation to external factors including crosslinking mechanisms. The review shows that the primary structure of pectin is relatively well known, however, we still know little about the conformation and properties of the more realistic systems of higher orders involving side chains, functional groups, and complexes of pectin domains. In particular, there is lack of knowledge on the influence of postharvest changes and extraction method on the primary and secondary structure of pectin that would affect conformation in a given environment and assembly to higher structural levels. Exploring the above‐mentioned issues will allow to improve our understanding of pectin functionality and will help to tailor new functionalities for the food industry based on natural but often biologically variable source. The review also demonstrates that atomic force microscopy is a very convenient and adequate tool for the evaluation of pectin conformation since it allows for the relatively straightforward stretching of the pectin molecule in order to measure the force‐extension curve which is directly related to its stiffness or flexibility.