bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baroreflex responses during dry resting and exercise apnoeas in air and pure oxygen
Authors: Taboni Anna , Vinetti Giovanni , Fontolliet Timothée , Grasso Gabriele Simone , Tam Enrico , Moia Christian , Ferretti Guido , Fagoni Nazzareno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We analysed the characteristics of arterial baroreflexes during the first phase of apnoea (φ1).

Methods
12 divers performed rest and exercise (30 W) apnoeas (air and oxygen). We measured beat-by-beat R-to-R interval (RRi) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Mean RRi and MAP values defined the operating point (OP) before (PRE-ss) and in the second phase (φ2) of apnoea. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS, ms·mmHg−1) was calculated with the sequence method.

Results
In PRE-ss, BRS was (median [IQR]): at rest, 20.3 [10.0–28.6] in air and 18.8 [13.8–25.2] in O2; at exercise 9.2[8.4–13.2] in air and 10.1[8.4–13.6] in O2. In φ1, during MAP decrease, BRS was lower than in PRE-ss at rest (6.6 [5.3–11.4] in air and 7.7 [4.9–14.3] in O2, p < 0.05). At exercise, BRS in φ1 was 6.4 [3.9–13.1] in air and 6.7 [4.1–9.5] in O2. After attainment of minimum MAP (MAPmin), baroreflex resetting started. After attainment of minimum RRi, baroreflex sequences reappeared. In φ2, BRS at rest was 12.1 [9.6–16.2] in air, 12.9 [9.2–15.8] in O2. At exercise (no φ2 in air), it was 7.9 [5.4–10.7] in O2. In φ2, OP acts at higher MAP values.

Conclusion
In apnoea φ1, there is a sudden correction of MAP fall via baroreflex. The lower BRS in the earliest φ1 suggests a possible parasympathetic mechanism underpinning this reduction. After MAPmin, baroreflex resets, displacing its OP at higher MAP level; thus, resetting may not be due to central command. After resetting, restoration of BRS suggests re-establishment of vagal drive.
Dynamics Analysis of Active Variable Stiffness Vibration Isolator for Whole-Spacecraft Systems Based on Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions
Authors: Xu Kefan , Zhang Yewei , Zhu Yunpeng , Zang Jian , Chen Liqun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the harsh dynamic environment experienced by heavy rockets during different external excitations, this study presents a novel active variable stiffness vibration isolator (AVS-VI) used as the vibration isolation device to reduce excessive vibration of the whole-spacecraft isolation system. The AVS-VI is composed of horizontal stiffness spring, positive stiffness spring, parallelogram linkage mechanism, piezoelectric actuator, acceleration sensor, viscoelastic damping, and PID active controller. Based on the AVS-VI, the generalized vibration transmissibility determined by the nonlinear output frequency response functions and the energy absorption rate is applied to analyze the isolation performance of the whole-spacecraft system with AVS-VI. The AVS-VI can conduct adaptive vibration suppression with variable stiffness to the whole-spacecraft system, and the analysis results indicate that the AVS-VI is effective in reducing the extravagant vibration of the whole-spacecraft system, where the vibration isolation is decreased up to above 65% under different acceleration excitations. Finally, different parameters of AVS-VI are considered to optimize the whole-spacecraft system based on the generalized vibration transmissibility and the energy absorption rate.
Improving the lubrication and anti-corrosion performance of polyurea grease via ingredient optimization
Authors: Ren Guanlin , Sun Xiaowen , Li Wen , Li Hao , Zhang Lin , Fan Xiaoqiang , Li Dongshan , Zhu Minhao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThickener formulation plays a significant role in the performance characteristics of grease. The polyurea greases (PUGs) were synthesized using mineral oil (500SN) as the base oil, and by regulating the reaction of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and different organic amines. The as-prepared PUGs from the reaction of MDI and cyclohexylamine/p-toluidine exhibit the optimum physicochemical and friction-wear properties, confirming that the regulation of thickener formulation can improve the performance characteristics of grease, including friction reduction, wear, corrosion resistance, and load-carrying capacity. The anti-corrosion and lubrication properties of as-prepared PUGs depend on good sealing functions and a boundary lubrication film (synergy of grease-film and tribo-chemical reaction film), as well as their chemical components and structure.
Tribo-informatics: Concept, architecture, and case study
Authors: Zhang Zhinan , Yin Nian , Chen Shi , Liu Chengliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFriction plays a vital role in energy dissipation, device failure, and even energy supply in modern society. After years of research, data and information on tribology research are becoming increasingly available. Because of the strong systematic and multi-disciplinary coupling characteristics of tribology, tribology information is scattered in various disciplines with different patterns, e.g., technical documents, databases, and papers, thereby increasing the information entropy of the system, which is inconducive to the preservation and circulation of research information. With the development of computer and information science and technology, many subjects have begun to be combined with information technology, and multi-disciplinary informatics has been born. This paper describes the combination of information technology with tribology research, presenting the connotation and architecture of tribo-informatics, and providing a case study on implementing the proposed concept and architecture. The proposal and development of tribo-informatics described herein will improve the research efficiency and optimize the research process of tribology, which is of considerable significance to the development of this field.
Émilie Du Châtelet on Illusions
Authors: LASCANO MARCY P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn her Discourse on Happiness, Émilie du Châtelet argues susceptibility to illusion is one of the five ‘great machines of happiness,’ and that ‘we owe most of our pleasures to illusions’ (2009: 349). However, many who read the Discourse find this aspect of her view puzzling and in tension with her claims that we must always seek truth and obey reason. To understand better her claims in the Discourse on Happiness, this article explores Du Châtelet's discussions of illusions in her Foundations of Physics, On Liberty, and the Dissertation on the Nature and Propagation of Fire. I distinguish four types of illusions that Du Châtelet posits and clarify the ways in which these relate to her views on happiness and love in the Discourse and argue that she avoids deceptive or perpetual illusions of happiness through the use of the principle of sufficient reason.
Creating effective academic research teams: Two tools borrowed from business practice
Authors: Brower Holly H. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Nader Michael A. , Trost Lindsay M. , Miller David P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Academic Medical Centers strive to create multidisciplinary research teams to produce impactful science. However, few faculty researchers receive training in “team science,” a well-established concept in business research and practice. Responding to demand for assistance developing effective research teams, the Collaboration and Team Science Program of the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) at Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM) partnered with faculty from the Wake Forest University (WFU) School of Business with expertise in leadership, management, and team building. We initiated a needs assessment, including a written survey from a diverse set of 42 research scientists as well as semi-structured interviews with 8 researchers. In response to identified needs, we developed training sessions and consultations to teach teams to implement two tools known to enhance team dynamics: (1) Team charter, a document that defines the team’s purpose, goals, roles, and strategies; and (2) Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed (RACI) matrix, a table or spreadsheet that clarifies tasks and accountability. Since 2018, 10 teams and over 100 individuals have attended training sessions and 6 teams received personalized team consults. We describe these tools, present a formal analysis of quantitative results, and highlight the next steps being taken in response to these findings.
Hospital Visitors’ Awareness and Adaptation of Preventive Measures for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Aljarallah Khalid M. , Alrukban Mohammed O. , Alghamdi Yazeed S. , Alanazi Bandar S. , Alturki Khaled E. , Alkhunayfir Hamad A. , Alshammari Madloul J. , Alamri Fahad M. , Hamadi Hanadi Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness, and to identify the practice reflection of knowledge concerning Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) on hospital visitor’s daily life.Methods:A cross-sectional study, conducted in 2 tertiary referral hospitals in Riyadh Saudi Arabia, from February 2015 to February 2016. A total random sample of 305 hospital visitors consented to participate. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions regarding awareness and practice of measures to prevent the spread of infection.Results:Study showed that participants have a fair knowledge regarding the cause of MERS (N = 228; 74.8%). Nearly half of them (47%) stated that camels are the source of the spread of MERS. Approximately 70% of the participants preferred both sanitization and wearing facemasks as preventive measures for MERS. However, only 3.95% practiced not eating camel products, such as milk and meat.Conclusions:Although hospital visitors showed some knowledge and positive awareness in several aspects of MERS awareness, there are weak areas where knowledge and awareness were not up to recommended guidelines. Continued educational programs are needed to improve awareness and knowledge of all the public toward MERS-coronavirus infection. This study may assist in the development of future strategies on preventive measures of the disease.
Divergent trajectories in arithmetic homogeneous spaces of rational rank two
Authors: TAMAM NATTALIE 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet G be a semisimple real algebraic group defined over

${\mathbb {Q}}$
,

$\Gamma $
be an arithmetic subgroup of G, and T be a maximal

${\mathbb {R}}$
-split torus. A trajectory in

$G/\Gamma $
is divergent if eventually it leaves every compact subset. In some cases there is a finite collection of explicit algebraic data which accounts for the divergence. If this is the case, the divergent trajectory is called obvious. Given a closed cone in T, we study the existence of non-obvious divergent trajectories under its action in

$G\kern-1pt{/}\kern-1pt\Gamma $
. We get a sufficient condition for the existence of a non-obvious divergence trajectory in the general case, and a full classification under the assumption that

$\mathrm {rank}_{{\mathbb {Q}}}G=\mathrm {rank}_{{\mathbb {R}}}G=2$
.
Articulated trilobite ontogeny: suggestions for a methodological standard
Authors: Hughes Nigel C. , Adrain Jonathan M. , Holmes James D. , Hong Paul S. , Hopkins Melanie J. , Hou Jin-Bo , Minelli Alessandro , Park Tae-Yoon S. , Paterson John R. , Peng Jin , Webster Mark , Zhang Xi-Guang , Zhang Xing-Liang , Fusco Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to maximize the utility of future studies of trilobite ontogeny, we propose a set of standard practices that relate to the collection, nomenclature, description, depiction, and interpretation of ontogenetic series inferred from articulated specimens belonging to individual species. In some cases, these suggestions may also apply to ontogenetic studies of other fossilized taxa.
The role of haematological parameters in patients with COVID-19 and influenza virus infection
Authors: Kazancioglu Sumeyye , Bastug Aliye , Ozbay Bahadir Orkun , Kemirtlek Nizamettin , Bodur Hurrem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, the novel coronavirus started to be compared to influenza. The haematological parameters and inflammatory indexes are associated with severe illness in COVID-19 patients. In this study, the laboratory data of 120 COVID-19 patients, 100 influenza patients and 61 healthy controls were evaluated. Lower lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets and higher delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were found in COVID-19 and influenza groups compared to healthy controls. The eosinophils, lymphocytes and PLR made the highest contribution to differentiate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls (area under the curves (AUCs): 0.819, 0.817 and 0.716, respectively; P-value is <0.0001 for all). The NLR, the optimal cut-off value was 3.58, which resulted in a sensitivity of 30.8 and a specificity of 100 (AUC: 0.677, P < 0.0001). Higher leucocytes, neutrophils, DNI, NLR, PLR and lower lymphocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit levels were found in severe patients at the end of treatment. Nonsevere patients showed an upward trend for lymphocytes, eosinophils and platelets, and a downward trend for neutrophils, DNI, NLR and PLR. However, there was an increasing trend for eosinophils, platelets and PLR in severe patients. In conclusion, NLR and PLR can be used as biomarkers to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy people and to predict the severity of COVID-19. The increasing value of PLR during follow-up may be more useful compared to NLR to predict the disease severity.
Does language switching behavior rely on general executive functions?
Authors: Jylkkä Jussi , Laine Matti , Lehtonen Minna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe assumption that everyday language switching trains bilinguals’ executive functions (EF) presupposes that language switching engages domain-general EF. This study examined associations between three types of tasks in a group of Finnish-English late bilinguals: everyday language switching frequency assessed with Ecological Momentary Assessment, language switching performance on a cued bilingual naming task, and EF as measured with Simon, Flanker, and Number-letter tasks. Cued switching performance showed mainly positive associations with EF performance, but the associations between everyday language switching and cued switching performance, and between everyday switching and the EF tasks were largely against our hypotheses. The findings indicate that participants with lower monitoring capacity make more everyday language switches. This speaks against the idea that everyday language switching would facilitate executive functioning. The results suggest that associations between language switching and general EF are more complex than current models assume.
A Major Combustion Aerosol Event Had a Negligible Impact on the Atmospheric Ice‐Nucleating Particle Population
Authors: Adams M. P. , Tarn M. D. , Sanchez‐Marroquin A. , Porter G. C. E. , O'Sullivan D. , Harrison A. D. , Cui Z. , Vergara‐Temprado J. , Carotenuto F. , Holden M. A. , Daily M. I. , Whale T. F. , Sikora S. N. F. , Burke I. T. , Shim J.‐U. , McQuaid J. B. , Murray B. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClouds containing supercooled water are important for both climate and weather, but our knowledge of which aerosol particle types nucleate ice in these clouds is far from complete. Combustion aerosols have strong anthropogenic sources, and if these aerosol types were to nucleate ice in clouds, they might exert a climate forcing. Here, we quantified the atmospheric ice‐nucleating particle (INP) concentrations during the United Kingdom's annual Bonfire Night celebrations, which are characterized by large amounts of combustion aerosol from bonfires and fireworks. We used three immersion mode techniques covering more than 6 orders of magnitude in INP concentration over the temperature range from −10°C to homogeneous freezing. We found no observable systematic change in the INP concentration on three separate nights, despite more than a factor of 10 increase in aerosol number concentrations, up to a factor of 10 increase in PM10 concentration, and more than a factor of 100 increase in black carbon (BC) mass concentration relative to pre‐event levels. This implies that BC and other combustion aerosol such as ash did not compete with the INPs present in the background air. Furthermore, the upper limit of the ice‐active site surface density, ns(T), of BC generated in these events was shown to be consistent with several other recent laboratory studies, showing a very low ice‐nucleating activity of BC. We conclude that combustion aerosol particles similar to those emitted on Bonfire Night are at most of secondary importance for the INP population relevant for mixed‐phase clouds in typical midlatitude terrestrial locations.
Parameterizing the Impact of Unresolved Temperature Variability on the Large‐Scale Density Field: Part 1. Theory.
Authors: Stanley Z. , Grooms I. , Kleiber W. , Bachman S. D. , Castruccio F. , Adcroft A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnresolved temperature and salinity fluctuations interact with a nonlinear seawater equation of state to produce significant errors in the ocean model evaluation of the large‐scale density field. It is shown that the impact of temperature fluctuations dominates the impact of salinity fluctuations and that the error in density is, to leading order, proportional to the product of a subgrid‐scale temperature variance and a second derivative of the equation of state. Two parameterizations are proposed to correct the large‐scale density field: one deterministic and one stochastic. Free parameters in both parameterizations are fit using fine‐resolution model data. Both parameterizations are computationally efficient as they require only one additional evaluation of a nonlinear equation at each grid cell. A companion paper will discuss the climate impacts of the parameterizations proposed here.
Beyond Imperviousness: The Role of Antecedent Wetness in Runoff Generation in Urbanized Catchments
Authors: Saadi Mohamed , Oudin Ludovic , Ribstein Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExplaining the response of catchments with a mix of pervious and impervious surfaces requires the inclusion of controls other than catchment imperviousness. In this study, we made use of a large sample of 70,227 events in 852 U.S. catchments to analyze the interplay of total impervious area (TIA) and antecedent soil moisture (ASM) in determining the event runoff ratio (RR). First, we investigated the importance of TIA as a spatial control compared to other catchment attributes (describing climate and catchment landscape) in explaining the differences between catchments in terms of median event‐scale RR. Second, we examined the importance of ASM as a temporal control of the variability of RR in comparison with spatial settings and event characteristics. Third, events were grouped into 30 classes of TIA and 30 classes of ASM, and linear regression models were used to analyze the evolution of RR depending on each one of the two independent variables. Results showed the following: (1) Analysis of the importance of space‐varying catchment descriptors highlighted the relevance of TIA as a control of catchment response, whereas ASM showed a stronger ability compared to other event characteristics. (2) ASM played a significant role in urbanized catchments as in rural ones. The absence of abrupt changes in the linear model parameters indicates that the impact of urbanization on the relationship between RR and ASM was relatively gradual. (3) Differences in RR between rural and intensively urbanized catchments were observable not only for dry pre‐event conditions but also for wet short‐term conditions.
Macrophages produce and functionally respond to interleukin-34 in colon cancer
Authors: Franzè Eleonora , Laudisi Federica , Di Grazia Antonio , Marônek Martin , Bellato Vittoria , Sica Giuseppe , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn colorectal cancer (CRC), macrophages represent a major component of the tumor mass and exert mostly functions promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and dissemination. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine overproduced by colon cancer (CRC) cells and supposed to make a valid contribution to the growth and diffusion of CRC cells. The biological functions of IL-34 are mediated by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR-1), which controls monocyte/macrophage differentiation, growth, and survival. We here investigated whether, in CRC, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express M-CSFR-1 and functionally respond to IL-34. By flow-cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating cells (TICs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from normal, adjacent mucosa of CRC patients, we showed that CD68/HLA-DRII-expressing TICs and LPMCs expressed M-CSFR-1. Both these cell types produced IL-34 even though the expression of the cytokine was more pronounced in TICs as compared to normal LPMCs. Moreover, in CRC samples, there was a positive correlation between IL-34-producing cells and CD68-positive cells. Stimulation of LPMCs and TICs with IL-34 resulted in enhanced expression of CD163 and CD206, two markers of type II-polarized macrophages, and this was evident at both RNA and protein level. In the same cell cultures, IL-34 stimulated expression and production of IL-6, a cytokine known to promote CRC cell growth and diffusion. Finally, knockdown of IL-34 in TICs with specific antisense oligonucleotides with: a specific antisesne oligonucleotide decreased IL-6 production and the number of TAMs producing this cytokine. This is the first to show a positive role of IL-34 in the control of TAMs in CRC, further supporting the notion that IL-34 sustains colon tumorigenesis.
Fractons from frustration in hole-doped antiferromagnets
Authors: Sous John , Pretko Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent theoretical research on tensor gauge theories led to the discovery of an exotic type of quasiparticles, dubbed fractons, that obey both charge and dipole conservation. Here we describe physical implementation of dipole conservation laws in realistic systems. We show that fractons find a natural realization in hole-doped antiferromagnets. There, individual holes are largely immobile, while dipolar hole pairs move with ease. First, we demonstrate a broad parametric regime of fracton behavior in hole-doped two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnets viable through five orders in perturbation theory. We then specialize to the case of holes confined to one dimension in an otherwise two-dimensional antiferromagnetic background, which can be realized via the application of external fields in experiments, and prove ideal fracton behavior. We explicitly map the model onto a fracton Hamiltonian featuring conservation of dipole moment. Manifestations of fractonicity in these systems include gravitational clustering of holes. We also discuss diagnostics of fracton behavior, which we argue is borne out in existing experimental results.