bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why are Women More Religious than Men? Do Risk Preferences and Genetic Risk Predispositions Explain the Gender Gap?
Authors: LI YI , WOODBERRY ROBERT , LIU HEXUAN , GUO GUANG 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRisk preference theory argues that the gender gap in religiosity is caused by greater female risk aversion. Although widely debated, risk preference theory has been inadequately tested. Our study tests the theory directly with phenotypic and genetic risk preferences in three dimensions—general, impulsive, and sensation‐seeking risk. Moreover, we examine whether the effects of different dimensions of risk preferences on the gender gap vary across different dimensions of religiosity. We find that general and impulsive risk preferences do not explain gender differences in religiosity, whereas sensation‐seeking risk preference makes the gender gap in self‐assessed religiousness and church attendance insignificant, but not belief in God, prayer, or importance of religion. Genetic risk preferences do not remove any of the gender gaps in religiosity, suggesting that the causal order is not from risk preference to religiosity. Evidence suggests that risk preferences are not a strong predictor for gender differences in religiosity.
Response of the bacterioplankton composition to inorganic nutrient loading and phytoplankton in southern Korean coastal waters: A mesocosm study
Authors: Park Bum Soo , Lee Minji , Shin Kyoungsoon , Baek Seung Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Korean coastal waters (KCW), nutrient loading from the four major rivers usually peaks in summer, probably due to the large amount of water discharge in rainy seasons, but little is known about the responses of the bacterial community composition to inorganic nutrient loading. To gain deeper understanding of variations in marine microbial biodiversity and function with inorganic nutrient loading, a large‐scale mesocosm (1,000 L) experiment was conducted in southern KCW for 10 days in summer (July 27 through August 6, 2015) and the bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) was investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing method. The bioassays established in the mesocosm were designed with the following each nutrient dosing treatments: nitrate (+N), phosphate (+P), and nitrate plus phosphate (+NP). Among the three treatments, the +NP and +N treatments exhibited the largest and second‐largest increases in phytoplankton abundance, respectively, whereas there was relatively less variation under the +P treatment. Enhanced growth of phytoplankton not only induced increases in pH and bacterial abundance (p < .05) but also led to changes in the BCC: the orders Flavobacteria, Micrococcales, Oceanospirillales, and Rhodobacterales exhibited increases in relative abundance, whereas Methylophilales, Puniceicoccales, SAR11, SAR116, and SAR86 showed a decreasing trend. Inorganic nutrients may directly contribute to variation in the BCC, as the relative abundance of Sphingobacteriales, containing members that undergo chemotaxis toward inorganic nutrients, was increased by the +N treatment. Given that these findings, changes in phytoplankton abundance due to nutrient addition may be the most crucial component resulting in variation in the BCC.
Mental health nurses' experiences of implementing a model to facilitate self‐empowerment in women living with borderline personality disorder in South Africa
Authors: Ntshingila Nompumelelo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn South Africa, various treatment models from abroad have been implemented for patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. This report is based on a South African model that has been developed, implemented, and evaluated for mental health nurses to use in facilitating the self‐empowerment of women living with borderline personality disorder.The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of a model to facilitate self‐empowerment in women living with borderline personality disorder and to describe mental health nurses' experiences of implementing this model. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design was used for the study. Participants were mental health nurses working in an inpatient psychotherapy unit in a mental health hospital. Findings revealed that mental health nurses experienced the model as a secure framework to assist women living with borderline personality disorder in making a shift to being self‐empowered. The mental health nurses found that they had to adapt the model's timeframe to the women's own pace. Through use of the model, the mental health nurses also gained self‐leadership. This report provides evidence from mental health nurses that the model was practical and helpful in working with women living with borderline personality disorder. The mental health nurses saw signs of self‐empowerment in women living with borderline personality disorder.
Liver transplantation for Gaucher disease presenting as neonatal cholestasis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Soudek Lucy , Siddiqui Iram , Guerin Andrea , Sondheimer Neal , Inbar‐Feigenberg Michal , Abuquteish Dua , Walia Jagdeep S. , Kamath Binita M. , Kehar Mohit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe present a rare case of neonatal cholestasis in a female infant with Gaucher Disease (GD), who received liver transplantation. We review the relevant literature on similar disease presentations.MethodsA chart review of the index case was performed. PubMed and Medline databases were searched to identify other cases.ResultsA 4‐day‐old female was referred with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Physical examination revealed icterus with hepatosplenomegaly and normal neurologic examination. The diagnosis of GD was confirmed through liver biopsy, low glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity, and two pathogenic mutations in GBA gene. Despite early initiation of ERT, the patient had worsening of her liver failure and underwent a left lateral segment liver transplant from a living donor at 7 months of age. She experienced improvement of her liver enzymes and coagulation, but passed away at 8 months due to the late onset of neurologic involvement. Nine other cases of GD presenting with neonatal cholestasis have been reported. Forty‐four percent (4/9) of cases received ERT and none were considered for transplant. Overall, the literature suggests a poor prognosis with death reported in 77% (7/9) cases.ConclusionsNeonatal presentation of GD represents a poor prognosis despite early initiation of treatment. Diagnosis remains a challenge as the presentation is rare and multiple tests such as BM biopsy, liver biopsy with both light and electron microscopy, enzymology, and genetic testing may need to be completed to reach a diagnosis. Neurological sequelae may manifest later making the decision to proceed with liver transplantation a difficult one.
Socioeconomic associations of poorly controlled epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea: cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rice Dylan R. , Sakadi Foksouna , Tassiou Nana Rahma , Vogel Andre C. , Djibo Hamani Abdoul Bachir , Bah Aissatou Kenda , Garcia Alex , Patenaude Bryan N. , Fode Cisse Abass , Mateen Farrah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the socioeconomic factors associated with epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea.MethodsPeople living with epilepsy (PLWE) were prospectively recruited at Ignace Deen Hospital, Conakry, in 2018. An instrument exploring household assets as a measure of wealth was designed and administered. Multivariate logistic regression models with fixed effects were fitted to assess the associations of sociodemographic and microeconomic factors with self‐reported frequency of seizures in the prior month and regular intake of antiseizure medications (ASMs). Participants were stratified by age group: children (<13 years), adolescents (13–21) and adults (>21).ResultsA total of 285 participants (mean age 19.5 years; 129 females; 106 children, 72 adolescents, 107 adults, median household size 8) had an average of 4.2 seizures in the prior month. 64% were regularly taking ASMs. Direct costs of epilepsy were similar across income strata, averaging 60 USD/month in the lowest and 75 USD/month in the highest wealth quintiles (P = 0.42). The poorest PLWE were more likely to spend their money on traditional treatments (average 35USD/month) than on medical consultations (average 11 USD/month) (P = 0.01), whereas the wealthiest participants were not. Higher seizure frequency was associated with a lower household education level in adolescents and children (P = 0.028; P = 0.026) and with being male (P = 0.009) in children. Adolescents in higher‐educated households were more likely to take ASMs (P = 0.004). Boys were more likely to regularly take ASMs than girls (P = 0.047).ConclusionsTargeted programming for children and adolescents in the households with the lowest education and for girls would help improve epilepsy care in Guinea.
New empirical evidence on CEE's stock markets integration
Authors: Boţoc Claudiu , Anton Sorin Gabriel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe main aim of the study was to explore the integration of CEE’s stock markets (Central, South‐East and Baltic) with those of the developed ones (Germany, USA and the UK). Using daily data from 20 October 2000 up to 20 October 2016, the static analysis indicates a long‐run cointegration relationship between CEE markets and all three counterparts considered. The dynamic analysis indicates several short‐run episodes of cointegration, which are influenced by nondomestic factors. When comparing among the counterparts, one can highlight that the US stock market is less integrated with emerging markets, which could be considered for portfolio diversification. Furthermore, the contagion effect is not rejected, given that the dynamic pairwise correlations are likely to be affected by herding behaviour and significant break dates.
Clindamycin resistance of skin derived Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is higher in dogs with a history of antimicrobial therapy
Authors: van Damme Catharina M.M. , Broens Els M. , Auxilia Silvia T. , Schlotter Yvette M. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIn the Netherlands there is a lack of data regarding resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to the systemic antimicrobial drugs used for the treatment of superficial pyoderma.ObjectivesTo assess antimicrobial resistance, with emphasis on resistance to clindamycin and meticillin, in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with superficial pyoderma. Results were compared between dogs with and without a history of systemic antimicrobial therapy during the previous year.AnimalsA retrospective study of 237 referral cases presented to an academic teaching hospital between 2014 and 2019, with the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of superficial pyoderma.Methods and materialsAll clinical isolates were identified primarily by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested either by an agar diffusion method (2014–2016) or by broth microdilution. Antimicrobial history in the preceding year was obtained from medical records.ResultsMeticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) was isolated from 8% of superficial pyoderma cases. Within the meticillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) population, clindamycin resistance was significantly more common in isolates derived from dogs with histories of antimicrobial treatment (37.7%) compared to dogs with no histories of exposure (21.7%; P = 0.03).ConclusionsGiven the high prevalence of clindamycin resistance in MSSP isolated from dogs with prior antimicrobial exposure, it is recommended that bacterial culture and susceptibility testing be pursued before prescribing systemic antimicrobials. Clindamycin should be regarded as the preferred treatment option if susceptibility is confirmed, due to its narrow spectrum and reduced selective pressure for MRSP.
Frequency Failure Causes Analysis of Pressure Vessel and Piping Equipment: Case Study of the Alberta Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Esouilem Mohamed , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Nadeau Sylvie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, many accidents involving pressure vessels and piping components (PVP) have occurred in North America. Several studies have been conducted to understand their causes and find suitable solutions to reduce their frequency. Most of the researches have focused on the technical causes of these accidents and the subsequent implementation of safety management strategies. These researches highlight that the main technical causes are leak and rupture. From this standpoint, it is important to deepen the study of these causes to better understand the risk of accident in PVP applications. In Alberta alone, the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) showed that more than 15 root causes initiated leak and rupture failures in PVP since 1990. This paper presents an analysis of the frequency of accidents, their severity, their causes, and the risk associated in the Alberta petrochemical industry from 2008 to 2017. This study proposes an exponential decay function to estimate the frequency of accidents involving PVP and identifies the most important causes based on a severity analysis. The results based on the frequency model show that there is a good agreement between the predicted and observed accidents frequency from 2008 to 2017. The severity analysis results shows that the main factors contributing to accidents are corrosion, construction deficiency, and overpressure. Finally, the proposed model of frequency and severity of observed and predicted PVP failures, is a useful tool for risk assessment and prevention program implementation.
A Forecasting Method of District Heat Load Based on Improved Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Liu Ye , Cao Lihua , Si Heyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Energy conservation of urban district heating system is an important part of social energy conservation. In response to the situation that the setting of heat load in the system is unreasonable, the heat load forecasting method is adopted to optimize the allocation of resources. At present, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) are generally used to forecast district heat load. In order to solve the problem that networks convergence is slow or even not converged due to the random initial parameters in traditional wavelet neural networks (WNNs), the genetic algorithm with fast convergence ability is used to optimize the network structure and initial parameters of heat load prediction models. The results show that when the improved WNN is applied to forecast district heat load, the prediction error is as low as 2.93%, and the accuracy of prediction results is improved significantly. At the same time, the stability and generalization ability of the prediction model are improved.
Performance and Emission Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine With Neem Methyl Ester Mixed With Cerium Oxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles
Authors: Kapoor Mayank , Kumar Narendra , Verma Ajay Singh , Gautam Gaurav , Padap Aditya Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper depicts Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach to optimize the performance and emission characteristics of adjustable compression ratio, single- cylinder diesel engine with nanoparticle-blended biofuel. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles and diethyl ether (DEE) are mixed with neem methyl ester (NME) in corresponding ratios as per BBD experimental plan. Engine performance characteristics brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and NOx, CO, HC, and CO2 emissions have been analyzed. To study the influence of input parameters, quadratic models are developed on each output response using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Desirability function approach has been used to optimize the performance of multi-response parameters. The results revealed that nanoparticles mixed blends of NME and DEE enhances the performance characteristics and reduce the harmful emissions.
Uncertainty Quantification of Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model Coefficients for Simplified Compressor Flow Features
Authors: He Xiao , Zhao Fanzhou , Vahdati Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Turbulence model in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations has a crucial effect on predicting the compressor flows. In this paper, the parametric uncertainty of the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is studied in simplified two-dimensional (2D) flows, which includes some of the compressor tip flow features. The uncertainty is quantified by a metamodel-based Monte Carlo method. The model coefficients are represented by uniform distributions within intervals, and the quantities of interest include the velocity profile, the Reynolds stress profile, the shock front, and the separation size. An artificial neural network (ANN) is applied as the metamodel, which is tuned, trained, and tested using databases from the flow solver. The uncertainty of quantities of interest is determined by the range of the metamodel and the database samples from the flow solver. The sensitivity of the model coefficients is quantified by calculating the gradient of quantities of interest from the metamodel. Results show that the high-fidelity data of the quantities of interest cannot be fully enveloped by the uncertainty band in regions with separation and shock. Crucial model coefficients on the quantities of interest are identified. However, recalibration of these coefficients results in contradictory prediction of different quantities of interest across flow regimes, which indicates the need for a modified Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model form to improve the accuracy in predicting complex flow features.
Rapid Facial Cryotherapy for Combat Sports: A Comparison of Materials and Methods for Cooling Facial Tissues in 60 Seconds or Less
Authors: Beauregard Tyler A. , Vaile Jade , Whitney Lucas , Merrick Mark , Moody Valerie 
Published: April 2020

Context: Athletes in combat sports who have sustained facial hematomas during competition have traditionally been treated with an enswell. These treatments take place between rounds of the competition and generally last less than 60 seconds. The efficacy of this modality has not been studied. Other modalities may provide a more effective cryotherapy treatment in this timeframe. Objective: To compare the efficacy of different forms of rapid cryotherapy to cause surface temperature changes of the face within 60 seconds of application. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Eleven healthy men (age 21.73 [1.42] y, mass 82.1 [5.6] kg, height 177.2 [7.0] cm). Interventions: A 60-second treatment using chilled surgical steel enswell, copper, commercial cold pack, aluminum, brass, ice cube, ice pack, and saltwater pack. Main Outcome Measures: Preintervention and postintervention surface facial temperatures. Results: The ice bag, cold pack, ice cube, saltwater pack, and stainless-steel enswell caused statistically different temperatures preintervention to postintervention. The ice bag and saltwater pack cause statistically greater cooling than the other materials tested. Conclusions: This study does not support the clinical use of an enswell to provide short-duration cryotherapy treatments to facial tissue, as ice packs are more effective.
Development and validation of an early pregnancy risk score for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnant women
Authors: Gao Si , Leng Junhong , Liu Hongyan , Wang Shuo , Li Weiqin , Wang Yue , Hu Gang , Chan Juliana C N , Yu Zhijie , Zhu Hong , Yang Xilin 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a set of risk scores for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before the 15th gestational week using an established population-based prospective cohort.MethodsFrom October 2010 to August 2012, 19 331 eligible pregnant women were registered in the three-tiered antenatal care network in Tianjin, China, to receive their antenatal care and a two-step GDM screening. The whole dataset was randomly divided into a training dataset (for development of the risk score) and a test dataset (for validation of performance of the risk score). Logistic regression was performed to obtain coefficients of selected predictors for GDM in the training dataset. Calibration was estimated using Hosmer-Lemeshow test, while discrimination was checked using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the test dataset.ResultsIn the training dataset (total=12 887, GDM=979 or 7.6%), two risk scores were developed, one only including predictors collected at the first antenatal care visit for early prediction of GDM, like maternal age, body mass index, height, family history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and alanine aminotransferase; and the other also including predictors collected during pregnancy, that is, at the time of GDM screening, like physical activity, sitting time at home, passive smoking, and weight gain, for maximum performance. In the test dataset (total=6444, GDM=506 or 7.9%), the calibrations of both risk scores were acceptable (both p for Hosmer-Lemeshow test >0.25). The AUCs of the first and second risk scores were 0.710 (95% CI: 0.680 to 0.741) and 0.712 (95% CI: 0.682 to 0.743), respectively (p for difference: 0.9273).ConclusionBoth developed risk scores had adequate performance for the prediction of GDM in Chinese pregnant women in Tianjin, China. Further validations are needed to evaluate their performance in other populations and using different methods to identify GDM cases.
Trajectories of early to mid-life adulthood BMI and incident diabetes: the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Lv Jiali , Fan Bingbing , Wei Mengke , Zhou Guangshuai , Dayimu Alim , Wu Zhenyu , Su Chang , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThis longitudinal study aims to characterize distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories during early to mid-life adulthood and to explore the association between BMI change from young adulthood to midlife and incident diabetes.Research design and methodsThis study included 7289 adults who had repeatedly measured BMI 3–9 times during 1989–2011 and information on incident diabetes. Latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM) was used to identify different BMI trajectories. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between the trajectory group membership and incident hyperglycemia, adjusting for covariates. The hyperglycemia group included individuals with prediabetes or diabetes. The model-estimated BMI levels and slopes were calculated at each age point in 1-year intervals according to the model parameters and their ﬁrst derivatives, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of model-estimated levels and slopes of BMI at each age point with incident hyperglycemia. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed from longitudinal growth curve models during the follow-up for each individual. Prior to the logistic regression analyses, quartiles of total, baseline, and incremental AUC values were calculated.ResultsThree distinct trajectories were characterized by LCGMM, comprising of low-increasing group (n=5136), medium-increasing group (n=1914), and high-increasing group (n=239). Compared with the low-increasing group, adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1.21 (0.99 to 1.48) and 1.56 (1.06 to 2.30) for the medium-increasing and the high-increasing group, respectively. The adjusted standardized ORs of model-estimated BMI levels increased among 20–50 years, ranging from 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) to 1.19 (1.08 to 1.32). The standardized ORs of level-adjusted linear slopes increased gradually from 1.30 (1.16 to 1.45) to 1.42 (1.21 to 1.67) during 20–29 years, then decreased from 1.41 (1.20 to 1.66) to 1.20 (1.08 to 1.33) during 30–43 years, and finally increased to 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38) until 50 years. The fourth quartile of incremental AUC (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.66) was significant compared with the first quartile, after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the BMI trajectories during early adulthood were significantly associated with later-life diabetes. Young adulthood is a crucial period for the development of diabetes, which has implications for early prevention.