bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ptychography of pure quantum states
Authors: Fernandes Mário Foganholi , Neves Leonardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPtychography is an imaging technique in which a localized illumination scans overlapping regions of an object and generates a set of diffraction intensities used to computationally reconstruct its complex-valued transmission function. We propose a quantum analogue of this technique designed to reconstruct d-dimensional pure states. A set of n rank-r projectors “scans” overlapping parts of an input state and the moduli of the d Fourier amplitudes of each part are measured. These nd outcomes are fed into an iterative phase retrieval algorithm that estimates the state. Using d up to 100 and r around d / 2, we performed numerical simulations for single systems in an economic (n = 4) and a costly (n = d) scenario, as well as for multiqubit systems (n = 6logd). This numeric study included realistic amounts of depolarization and poissonian noise, and all scenarios yielded, in general, reconstructions with infidelities below 10−2. The method is shown, therefore, to be resilient to noise and, for any d, requires a simple and fast postprocessing algorithm. We show that the algorithm is equivalent to an alternating gradient search, which ensures that it does not suffer from local-minima stagnation. Unlike traditional approaches to state reconstruction, the ptychographic scheme uses a single measurement basis; the diversity and redundancy in the measured data—key for its success—are provided by the overlapping projections. We illustrate the simplicity of this scheme with the paradigmatic multiport interferometer.
Color preference of the spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Little Catherine M. , Rizzato A. Rebecca , Charbonneau Lise , Chapman Thomas , Hillier N. Kirk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a significant invasive pest in soft-skin fruits and berries in Asia, Europe, and North and South America. Many herbivorous insects use multiple cues for host selection, particularly olfactory and visual stimuli. The visual system of closely-related Drosophila melanogaster is well-documented, expressing strong sensitivity to short-wavelength colors (ultraviolet to green) and only limited sensitivity to long-wavelength colors (red to infrared). Our results suggest that D. suzukii have limited ability to distinguish red consistent with visual sensitivity range within the melanogaster subgroup. We propose that color contrast rather than color appearance may be of greater importance in orientation and attraction. We propose that differences in reflectance between light wavelengths important for color opponency are key to color discrimination to provide color contrast between foreground and background, as occurs between fruit and foliage, during host-finding.
Nanoplastics can change the secondary structure of proteins
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur , Gehrke Sascha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubmillimetre-sized plastic particles (microplastics and nanoplastics) of waste origin in the environment have been repeatedly suggested in recent years to have severe impact on living organisms. While the uptake of these materials has been unequivocally evidenced for animals, so far no adverse effects have been observed in the corresponding animal experiments. In this study, we show that nanoplastics are prone to interact with proteins, and this interaction fundamentally changes the functionally crucial secondary structure of these biomolecules, and thereby denaturates them. These results show, for the first time, that the interplay between plastic waste and biological matter can induce significant cellular and thereby ecological damages. Observing these remarkable microscopic level changes highlights the urgent need to extend investigating the effects of these materials through further modelling and molecular biological methods.
Influence of midazolam-related genetic polymorphism on conscious sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Korean population
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Kim Beom Jin , Lee Sang Wook , Kang Hyun , Kim Jeong Wook , Jang In-Jin , Kim Jae Gyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic polymorphism can result in abnormal pharmacodynamics that subsequently leads to the individual variance in sedative effects and adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between midazolam-related genetic polymorphism and sedative effects, including adverse reactions, under conscious sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We prospectively enrolled 100 eligible patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The efficacy of the sedation, adverse reactions, plasma concentration of midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam were investigated as well as the genetic polymorphism of MDR1 and CYP3A5. The correlation between genetic polymorphism and sedative effects was assessed. Regarding MDR1 gene, the plasma concentration of midazolam was greater in patients with CGC haplotype (P = 0.012), while it was lower in patients with CAC haplotype (P = 0.005) than in those with other haplotypes. However, genetic polymorphism of neither MDR1 nor CYP3A5 correlated with the plasma concentration of 1-hydroxymidazolam. CGT haplotype of MDR1 was significantly correlated with sedation grade after midazolam administration (P = 0.042). In contrast, genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 was not correlated with sedation grade. There was no association between genetic polymorphism of MDR1 or CYP3A5 and selected adverse reactions related to midazolam. Genetic polymorphism of MDR1 influences the concentration of midazolam and the sedation grade. However, it is not associated with adverse reactions such as paradoxical response and retrograde amnesia.
Steady-state activation of the high-affinity isoform of the α4β2δ GABAA receptor
Authors: Pierce Spencer R. , Senneff Thomas C. , Germann Allison L. , Akk Gustav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractActivation of GABAA receptors consisting of α4, β2 (or β3), and δ subunits is a major contributor to tonic inhibition in several brain regions. The goal of this study was to analyze the function of the α4β2δ receptor in the presence of GABA and other endogenous and clinical activators and modulators under steady-state conditions. We show that the receptor has a high constitutive open probability (~0.1), but is only weakly activated by GABA that has a maximal peak open probability (POpen,peak) of 0.4, taurine (maximal POpen,peak = 0.4), or the endogenous steroid allopregnanolone (maximal POpen,peak = 0.2). The intravenous anesthetic propofol is a full agonist (maximal POpen,peak = 0.99). Analysis of currents using a cyclic three-state Resting-Active-Desensitized model indicates that the maximal steady-state open probability of the α4β2δ receptor is ~0.45. Steady-state open probability in the presence of combinations of GABA, taurine, propofol, allopregnanolone and/or the inhibitory steroid pregnenolone sulfate closely matched predicted open probability calculated assuming energetic additivity. The results suggest that the receptor is active in the presence of physiological concentrations of GABA and taurine, but, surprisingly, that receptor activity is only weakly potentiated by propofol.
Effects of ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and total phenol content of Scrophularia striata Boiss
Authors: Zargoosh Zahra , Ghavam Mansureh , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Tavili Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScrophularia striata, commonly known as figwort, is one of the most important medicinal plants that mainly grows in cold regions of the Zagros Mountains (West of Iran). Although the chemical composition of this plant species has not yet been explored, people living in Ilam province (W Iran) have used it for many years to treat different illnesses. The present study aims to analyze the effect of some ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and the amount of phenol present in this plant species, using a random factorial design with two factors (elevation and region) and three replicates. The fruits of the plant were gathered from three different elevations. They were collected from three regions of the Ilam province (Badreh, Dareshahr, and Dehloran) in June 2016, when the fruits appear. Moreover, to analyze different soil chemical and physical features, soil samples were gathered from a depth of 0.5 m under the shrubs. The antioxidant action of the methanol extract from the plant samples and the total amount of phenol compounds were measured using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The results showed that the effects of site and elevation, and the interaction between these factors, on the antioxidant potential and total phenol amount were significant with a probability of error of 1%. The maximum extract efficiency (19.37 ± 3.07%), antioxidant potential (126.5656 ± 0.96 µg/mL), and total amount of phenol (55.7689 ± 3.17 µg/mL) were obtained from Dareshahr at an elevation of 600 m above mean sea level. The minimum amount of total phenol (24.6544 ± 3.21 µg/ml) was recorded at the lowest elevation of Badreh, at which phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, organic material, nitrogen, acidity, lime, and silt were present at the lowest amount. However, the antioxidant activity and total amount of phenol had a strong direct correlation in the two districts of Dareshahr and Badreh, but were reversely and strongly correlated in Dehloran. Therefore, it can be stated thatScrophularia striatahas the potential for antioxidant activity, however, the complexity of the effect of ecological factors on one hand, and the emergence of different chemical processes in the plant under such effects on the other hand, has led to the synthesis of different compounds with antioxidant potential in the plant in different regions.
Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration
Authors: Soranzo Alessandro , Aquili Luca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnimal studies have demonstrated that catecholamines regulate several aspects of fear conditioning. In humans, however, pharmacological manipulations of the catecholaminergic system have been scarce, and their primary focus has been to interfering with catecholaminergic activity after fear acquisition or expression had taken place, using L-Dopa, primarily, as catecholaminergic precursor. Here, we sought to determine if putative increases in presynaptic dopamine and norepinephrine by tyrosine administered before conditioning could affect fear expression. Electrodermal activity (EDA) of 46 healthy participants (24 placebo, 22 tyrosine) was measured in an instructed fear task. Results showed that tyrosine abolished fear expression compared to placebo. Importantly, tyrosine did not affect EDA responses to the aversive stimulus (UCS) or alter participants’ mood. Therefore, the effect of tyrosine on fear expression cannot be attributed to these factors. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that the catecholaminergic system influences fear expression in humans.
From the seminal discovery of proteoglycogen and glycogenin to emerging knowledge and research on glycogen biology
Authors: Curtino Juan A. , Aon Miguel A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the discovery of glycogen in the liver, attributed to Claude Bernard, happened more than 160 years ago, the mechanism involved in the initiation of glucose polymerization remained unknown. The discovery of glycogenin at the core of glycogen's structure and the initiation of its glucopolymerization is among one of the most exciting and relatively recent findings in Biochemistry. This review focuses on the initial steps leading to the seminal discoveries of proteoglycogen and glycogenin at the beginning of the 1980s, which paved the way for subsequent foundational breakthroughs that propelled forward this new research field. We also explore the current, as well as potential, impact this research field is having on human health and disease from the perspective of glycogen storage diseases. Important new questions arising from recent studies, their links to basic mechanisms involved in the de novo glycogen biogenesis, and the pervading presence of glycogenin across the evolutionary scale, fueled by high throughput -omics technologies, are also addressed.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: A spectral catalogue of emission-line sources
Authors: Göttgens Fabian , Husser Tim-Oliver , Kamann Sebastian , Dreizler Stefan , Giesers Benjamin , Kollatschny Wolfram , Weilbacher Peter M. , Roth Martin M. , Wendt Martin 
Published: November 2019

Aims.Globular clusters produce many exotic stars due to a much higher frequency of dynamical interactions in their dense stellar environments. Some of these objects were observed together with several hundred thousand other stars in our MUSE survey of 26 Galactic globular clusters. Assuming that at least a few exotic stars have exotic spectra (i.e. spectra that contain emission lines), we can use this large spectroscopic data set of over a million stellar spectra as a blind survey to detect stellar exotica in globular clusters.Methods.To detect emission lines in each spectrum, we modelled the expected shape of an emission line as a Gaussian curve. This template was used for matched filtering on the differences between each observed 1D spectrum and its fitted spectral model. The spectra with the most significant detections of Hαemission are checked visually and cross-matched with published catalogues.Results.We find 156 stars with Hαemission, including several known cataclysmic variables (CV) and two new CVs, pulsating variable stars, eclipsing binary stars, the optical counterpart of a known black hole, several probable sub-subgiants and red stragglers, and 21 background emission-line galaxies. We find possible optical counterparts to 39 X-ray sources, as we detected Hαemission in several spectra of stars that are close to known positions ofChandraX-ray sources. This spectral catalogue can be used to supplement existing or future X-ray or radio observations with spectra of potential optical counterparts to classify the sources.
Magnetic field of the Hot Earth. Reversals, magnetic anomalies and mechanism of the magnetic poles drift.
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

Principally new model of the magnetic field of the Hot Earth is proposed. Unlike the commonly accepted approach which considers that the Earth’s temperature doesn’t increase because heat released under selfgravitation is removed through radiation our model assumes that early substance of the Earth heated up to 30 000 K was a superheated and overcompressed vapour.
Cooling the Earth substance was condensing. The system was expanding adiabatically that governed the character of the Earth enlargement. This scheme origins from the phase transition (PT) of condensation-evaporation under the benefit of condensation. PT provides the heat, geodynamics of expansion and the Earth’s magnetic field (EMF).
The high temperature of the substance causes its thermoionization, whereas PT operation relating to mass transfer initiates charges separation and generation of the double electric layer (DEL). A diurnal rotation of DEL induces a weak initial EMF which enhances then at the expense of the Hall dynamo (Hall current) inside PT area. The benefit of evaporation causes the Earth compression and reversal of the EMF polarity.
The approach we develop provides an insight into features of the magnetic field of the planets and satellites at the Sun system.
Einfluss der beruflichen Tätigkeit auf den Therapieerfolg von
Patienten mit primär extrinsischem Impingement der
Schulter
Authors: Köhler Hans-Christian , Hacke Claudia , Gutcke André , Tischer Thomas , Schulze Christoph 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Schulterbeschwerden sind eine bedeutende Ursache
für Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Bei zugrundeliegendem subakromialem
Impingementsyndrom wurde der Erfolg unterschiedlicher Therapieformen kaum
getrennt nach unterschiedlicher beruflicher Tätigkeit untersucht. Diese
prospektive vergleichende klinische Verlaufsbeobachtung untersucht den Einfluss
der beruflichen Tätigkeit bei konservativer und operativer Therapie auf
das Therapieergebnis hinsichtlich Funktion, Schmerz und
Arbeitsfähigkeit.
Methodik In diese Studie konnten 97 Patienten (Frauen: n=22,
Männer: n=75; Durchschnittsalter: 43,1±10,1 Jahre) mit
einem primär extrinsischem Impingementsyndrom der Schulter
eingeschlossen werden. Die Patienten wurden primär in die beiden
Berufsgruppen der körperlich Arbeitenden und Bürotätigen
unterteilt. Im Weiteren wurden auch jeweils die Subgruppen konservative bzw.
operative Therapie betrachtet. Es erfolgte entweder eine rein konservative
Therapie oder eine operative Therapie mit physiotherapeutischer Nachbehandlung.
Die konservative Therapie erfolgte durch strukturierte physiotherapeutisch
angeleitete Neukoordination der Schultergürtelmuskulatur. Operativ wurde
eine arthroskopische subakromiale Dekompression durchgeführt. Die
Patienten wurden 3, 6 und 12 Monate nach Interventionsbeginn nachuntersucht und
Schulterfunktion (Constant-Score), Schmerz (NRS) sowie
Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer erfasst. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte
mittels mixed ANOVA um die Effekte einer konservativen bzw. operativen Therapie
auf die Zielparameter zwischen unterschiedlich beruflich tätigen
Personen im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von 3, 6 und 12 Monaten zu berechnen
(Therapieform*Berufstätigkeit*Zeit). Die Modelle wurden
zusätzlich für Alter, Geschlecht und BMI adjustiert.
Ergebnisse Die beiden Berufsgruppen zeigten hinsichtlich Funktion und
Schmerzniveau keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied sowohl nach
konservativer als auch nach operativer Therapie. Bürotätige
waren 3 Monate nach operativer Versorgung signifikant länger
arbeitsunfähig als nach konservativer Therapie (7,3±0,8 Wochen
gegenüber 0,5±7,3 Wochen; p<0,001). Auch war die Gruppe
der operierten Bürotätigen gegenüber operierten
körperlich Arbeitenden 3 Monate nach Operation signifikant
länger arbeitsunfähig (3,0±1,1 Wochen gegenüber
7,3±0,8 Wochen; p=0,002).
Schlussfolgerung Zum einen zeigte sich Bürotätigkeit als
negativer Prädiktor, da operativ behandelte Bürotätige
gegenüber operativ behandelten körperlich Arbeitenden eine
statistisch signifikant längere Arbeitsunfähigkeit hatten. Zum
anderen war aber auch die operative Versorgung ein negativer Prädiktor,
weil operativ behandelte Bürotätige gegenüber
konservativ behandelten Bürotätigen eine statistisch signifikant
längere Arbeitsunfähigkeit hatten. Darüber hinaus zeigte
sich keine langfristige Überlegenheit einer Therapieform unter
Berücksichtigung der Berufsgruppe.
Copper-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Indoles through Sequential Hydroamination and Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Sun Peng , Yang Jiaojiao , Song Zirui , Cai Yichao , Liu Yajie , Chen Chunxia , Chen Xin , Peng Jinsong 
Published: November 2019

Starting from simple anilines and ester arylpropiolates, an efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-arylindole-3-carboxylate derivatives has been developed through copper-mediated sequential hydroamination and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction. The initial hydroamination of anilines to ester arylpropiolates in benzene can proceed in a stereoselective manner to give ester (Z)-3-(arylamino)acrylates in the presence of CuCl2/phenanthroline, KMnO4, and KHCO3 at 120 °C. Sequentially, these in situ functionalized adducts can undergo direct intramolecular oxidative alkenylation of aromatic C–H bond in mixed solvents (benzene/DMSO 1:1) at 130 °C affording multi-substituted­ indoles in good to high yields.
Short-Term Complications Associated with Surgical Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ELBW Infants: A 25-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Foster Megan , Mallett Lea H. , Govande Vinayak , Vora Niraj , Castro Abel , Raju Muppala , Cantey Joseph B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This article aims to determine the incidence of short-term complications of surgical patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligations, the factors associated with those complications, and whether complications are associated with poor long-term outcomes.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of all extremely low birth weight (ELBW, < 1,000 g) infants who underwent surgical PDA ligation at a single-center neonatal intensive care unit from 1989 to 2015. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed. The primary outcome was development of a short-term (< 2 weeks from ligation) surgical complication. Secondary outcomes include bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), length of stay, and mortality.
Results A total of 180 ELBW infants were included; median gestational age and birth weight was 24 weeks and 683 g, respectively, and 44% of infants had at least one short-term complication. Need for vasopressors (33%) was the most common medical complication and vocal cord paralysis (9%) was the most common surgical complication. Younger corrected gestational age at time of repair was associated with increased risk for complications. Mortality, length of stay, and BPD rates were similar between infants with and without complications.
Conclusion Serious complications were seen in a minority of infants. Additional research is needed to determine if short-term complications are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
Manejo de la fractura-luxación Interfalángica proximal mediante fijador externo tipo Suzuki. Protocolo de tratamiento y resultados preliminares
Authors: Laredo Rivero Rafael , Fabra Bárbara Maria Pérez , Delgado Alcalá Victor , Cibantos Martínez Roberto , Gomez Garrido David , Cervera Irima Javier 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
Introducción La fractura-luxación de la articulación interfalángica proximal de la mano es frecuente en la práctica clínica, sin embargo, no existe un consenso ni indicaciones definidas para cada tipo de fractura, lo que supone un importante campo de confusión y su tratamiento continúa siendo hoy en día un reto no resuelto. Nos preguntamos si es posible simplificar este algoritmo y utilizar el fijador tipo Suzuki de forma protocolizada para manejar la gran mayoría de lesiones con indicación quirúrgica.
Métodos Se recogieron 15 pacientes con patrones de fractura de tipo 1 (66,6%), tipo 2 (6,6%), tipo 3 (20%) y tipo 5 (6,6%) según la clasificación de Seno entre 2011 y 2019 operados mediante esa técnica y evaluamos sus resultados clínicos y funcionales.
Resultados La media de rango articular metacarpofalángico fue de 97°/-3°, interfalángico proximal de 93°/3° e interfalángico distal de 82°/1°. El EVA medio fue de 2 y el Quick DASH de 13.
Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos son comparables con el resto de las técnicas quirúrgicas sin aumento de las complicaciones, lo que nos plantea la posibilidad de comenzar un estudio prospectivo con una sola técnica para tratar la mayoría de los patrones de fractura.
Epidermoid Cyst of the Fourth Ventricle: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Sharma Sandeep , Misra Rajneesh , Kumar Kundan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpidermoid cysts of the fourth ventricle are slow-growing benign rare lesions. We report a case of fourth ventricle epidermoid in a young lady with short duration of symptoms.