bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and discussion on the evaluation scheme of reagent lot‐to‐lot differences in 16 chemiluminescence analytes, established by the EP26‐A guidelines of the CLSI
Authors: Tao Ran , Zhang Chenli , Liu Min , Yang Miao , Gao Wenying , Chen Jianbo , Mo Nanxun , Cheng Yating , He Jun , Xie Qin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVerification of new reagent lots is a part of the crucial tasks in clinical laboratories. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP26‐A guideline provides laboratories with an evaluation method for reagent verification. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of EP26‐A with our laboratory reagent lot verification protocol and get the final scheme.Method16 chemiluminescence analytes including estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), ferritin (FER), cortisol (COR),carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), and free prostate‐specific antigen (FPSA). were prospectively evaluated in two reagent lots. The laboratory's lot verification process included evaluating 5 patient samples with the current and new lots and acceptability according to a predefined criteria. For EP26‐A, method imprecision data and critical differences at medical decision points were important factors affecting the sample size requirements and rejection limits.ResultThe number of samples required for EP26‐A was 3 to 12, of which P, CA153, and FPSA had increased by more than 5 samples compared with the current protocol. Of the 16 chemiluminescence analytes, 11 had higher rejection limits when using EP26‐A than the current laboratory scheme. Our current protocol and EP26‐A were in agreement in 32 of the 32 (100%) paired verifications.ConclusionThe EP26‐A protocol is an important tool to find the differences between reagent lots, and it makes up for the loopholes in the statistical efficiency, sample concentration and quantity, and the selection of rejection limits in the current protocol.
Production of water‐soluble sulfated exopolysaccharide with anticancer activity from Anoxybacillus gonensisYK25
Authors: Karadayi Yaprak Ilayda , Aykutoglu Gurkan , Arslan Nazli Pinar , Baltaci Mustafa Ozkan , Adiguzel Ahmet , Taskin Mesut 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThermophilic bacteria are accepted as novel sources of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) with different biological activities. This study was conducted to test EPS production potential of thermophilic bacteria isolated from hot springs in Erzurum province (Turkey), to optimize EPS production from the best isolate in molasses medium, to characterize the produced EPS, and to investigate its anticancer activity.RESULTSAmong 28 isolates, the best EPS producer isolate was found to be Anoxybacillus gonensis YK25 (GenBank No: MN865832). Under optimized culture conditions (initial pH 7.0, temperature 55 °C, molasses concentration 100 mL/L, peptone concentration 6 g/L, and incubation time 96 h), 4.4 g/L EPS was produced. Molecular weight of EPS was 102 kDa. Carbohydrate and protein contents of EPS were 91.4% and 4.1%, respectively. EPS was a heteropolysaccharide containing xylose (59%), sucrose (18%), glucose (16%), and galactose (5%). It had a high solubility in water and a moderate solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), but it was insoluble in polar solvents. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide, and sulphate groups. EPS showed anticancer activity against SHSY‐5Y, HT‐29, DU‐145, and A‐549 cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. The IC50 values of EPS for A‐549, DU‐145, SHSY‐5Y, and HT‐29 cancer cells were 5.5, 9.61, 15.62, and 17.35 mg/mL, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe EPS production potential of A. gonensis, and the anticancer activity of the produced EPS were revealed. Furthermore, it was shown for the first time that the main monomer of bacterial heteropolysaccharides would be xylose. This study indicates that Anoxybacillus species may be a novel source of pharmaceutically‐important EPSs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of ferric iron dosing on aerobic granular sludge: granule formation, nutrient removal and microbial community
Authors: Zou Jinte , Yu Fengfan , Chen Jia , Mannina Giorgio , Li Yongmei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThree lab‐scale sequencing batch reactors were used to investigate the effects of Fe3+ on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation, nutrient removal, and microbial community.RESULTSThe addition of 6 and 12 mg Fe3+ L−1 could not shorten the granulation time. However, compared to the reactor without Fe3+ addition (average sludge volume index at 30 min (SVI30) 70.8 mL g−1; stable average particle size 548 μm), the addition of 12 mg Fe3+ L−1 helped improve the physical properties of AGS (average SVI30 57.0 mL g−1; stable average particle size 1067 μm). Furthermore, with 12 mg Fe3+ L−1 addition (Fe3+ to PO43−‐P molar ratio = 1.33), effective removal of NH4+‐N (≤0.5 mg L−1) and PO43−‐P (<1 mg L−1) was achieved. The addition of Fe3+ reduced the microbial diversity and specific activity of heterotrophic bacteria, but promoted the growth of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria. The growth of particle size not only increased the active biomass ratio and microbial diversity, but alleviated the inhibition effect of Fe3+ on the specific heterotrophic bacteria activity.CONCLUSIONThe addition of Fe3+ had both negative and positive effects on the formation and stability of AGS. The results will help enrich the understanding of AGS application in nutrient removal and especially that of phosphorus. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of interventional and non‐interventional variables on anthropometric long‐term development in glutaric aciduria type 1: A national prospective multi‐centre study
Authors: Märtner E. M. Charlotte , Maier Esther M. , Mengler Katharina , Thimm Eva , Schiergens Katharina A. , Marquardt Thorsten , Santer René , Weinhold Natalie , Marquardt Iris , Das Anibh M. , Freisinger Peter , Grünert Sarah C. , Vossbeck Judith , Steinfeld Robert , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Beblo Skadi , Dieckmann Andrea , Näke Andrea , Lindner Martin , Heringer‐Seifert Jana , Lenz Dominic , Hoffmann Georg F. , Mühlhausen Chris , Ensenauer Regina , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Boy Nikolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a rare neurometabolic disorder, caused by inherited deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase, mostly affecting the brain. Early identification by newborn screening (NBS) significantly improves neurologic outcome. It has remained unclear whether recommended therapy, particular low lysine diet, is safe or negatively affects anthropometric long‐term outcome. This national prospective, observational, multi‐centre study included 79 patients identified by NBS and investigated effects of interventional and non‐interventional parameters on body weight, body length, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference as well as neurological parameters. Adherence to recommended maintenance and emergency treatment (ET) had a positive impact on neurologic outcome and allowed normal anthropometric development until adulthood. In contrast, non‐adherence to ET, resulting in increased risk of dystonia, had a negative impact on body weight (mean SDS −1.07; P = .023) and body length (mean SDS −1.34; P = −.016). Consistently, longitudinal analysis showed a negative influence of severe dystonia on weight and length development over time (P < .001). Macrocephaly was more often found in female (mean SDS 0.56) than in male patients (mean SDS −0.20; P = .049), and also in individuals with high excreter phenotype (mean SDS 0.44) compared to low excreter patients (mean SDS −0.68; P = .016). In GA1, recommended long‐term treatment is effective and allows for normal anthropometric long‐term development up to adolescence, with gender‐ and excreter type‐specific variations. Delayed ET and severe movement disorder result in poor anthropometric outcome.
Synthesis of “Nereid,” a new phenol‐free detergent to replace Triton X‐100 in virus inactivation
Authors: Farcet Jean‐Baptiste , Kindermann Johanna , Karbiener Michael , Scheinecker Richard , Kostner Otto , Kreil Thomas R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the 1980s, virus inactivation steps were implemented into the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals in response to earlier unforeseen virus transmissions. The most effective inactivation process for lipid‐enveloped viruses is the treatment by a combination of detergents, often including Triton X‐100 (TX‐100). Based on recent environmental concerns, the use of TX‐100 in Europe will be ultimately banned, which forces the pharmaceutical industry, among others, to switch to an environmentally friendly alternative detergent with fully equivalent virus inactivation performance such as TX‐100. In this study, a structure–activity relationship study was conducted that ultimately led to the synthesis of several new detergents. One of them, named “Nereid,” displayed inactivation activity fully equivalent to TX‐100. The synthesis of this replacement candidate has been optimized to allow for the production of several kg of detergent at lab scale, to enable the required feasibility and comparison virus inactivation studies needed to support a potential future transition. The 3‐step, chromatography‐free synthesis process described herein uses inexpensive starting materials, has a robust and simple work‐up, and allows production in a standard organic laboratory to deliver batches of several hundred grams with >99% purity.
Graph theory analysis of the dopamine D2 receptor network in Parkinson’s disease patients with cognitive decline
Authors: Mihaescu Alexander S. , Kim Jinhee , Masellis Mario , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Cho Sang Soo , Christopher Leigh , Valli Mikaeel , Díez‐Cirarda María , Koshimori Yuko , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common sequela of the disorder that has a large impact on patient well‐being. Its physiological etiology, however, remains elusive. Our study used graph theory analysis to investigate the large‐scale topological patterns of the extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor network. We used positron emission tomography with [11C]FLB‐457 to measure the binding potential of cortical dopamine D2 receptors in two networks: the meso‐cortical dopamine network and the meso‐limbic dopamine network. We also investigated the application of partial volume effect correction (PVEC) in conjunction with graph theory analysis. Three groups were investigated in this study divided according to their cognitive status as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, with a score ≤25 considered cognitively impaired: (a) healthy controls (n = 13, 11 female), (b) cognitively unimpaired PD patients (PD‐CU, n = 13, 5 female), and (c) PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI, n = 17, 4 female). In the meso‐cortical network, we observed increased small‐worldness, normalized clustering, and local efficiency in the PD‐CU group compared to the PD‐MCI group, as well as a hub shift in the PD‐MCI group. Compensatory reorganization of the meso‐cortical dopamine D2 receptor network may be responsible for some of the cognitive preservation observed in PD‐CU. These results were found without PVEC applied and PVEC proved detrimental to the graph theory analysis. Overall, our findings demonstrate how graph theory analysis can be used to detect subtle changes in the brain that would otherwise be missed by regional comparisons of receptor density.
Growth‐associated catabolic potential of Acetoanaerobium sticklandii DSM 519 on gelatin and amino acids
Authors: Sangavai Chinnadurai , Chellapandi Paulchamy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcetoanaerobium sticklandii DSM 519 is a hyperammonia‐producing anaerobe that catabolizes proteins and amino acids into organic solvents and volatile acids via the Stickland reactions. However, the specific growth rate and metabolic capability of this organism on proteins and amino acids are not yet known. Therefore, the present study was intended to evaluate its specific growth rate and metabolic potential on gelatin and amino acids in the experimental media. We carried out metabolic assay experiments to calculate its ability to utilize pure gelatin, single amino acids, and amino acid pairs at different growth phases. The results of this study show that complete assimilation of gelatin was achieved by its log‐phase culture. The subsequent fermentation of amino acids was much faster than gelatin hydrolysis. The rate of gelatin degradation was associated with the growth and catabolic rates of this organism. Many amino acids were not assimilated completely for its growth and energy conservation. A log‐phase culture of this organism preferably utilized l‐cysteine, l‐arginine, and l‐serine, and released more fraction of ammonia. As shown by our analysis, the catabolic rates of these amino acids were determined by the rates of respective enzymes involved in amino acid catabolic pathways and feedback repression of ammonia. The growth kinetic data indicated that at the initial growth stage, a metabolic shift in its solventogenesis and acidogenesis phases was associated with catabolism of certain amino acids. Thus, the results of this study provide a new insight to exploit its log‐phase culture as a starter for the production of biofuel components from gelatin processing industries.
Identification of biomarkers in hydrosoluble extracts from spelt and wheat cultivated in different production systems
Authors: Bodroža‐Solarov Marija , Grobelnik‐Mlakar Silva , Pezo Lato , Keleman Svetlana , Ilin Sonja , Marić Boško , Filipčev Bojana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present paper, a method for differentiation between common and spelt wheat grown in different farming systems (biodynamic, ecological, integrated, conventional), based on biomarkers identified from aqueous flour extracts (nitrogen and 14 soluble carbohydrates) was employed.RESULTSThe identification and determination of soluble carbohydrate content were carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, with the UV spectrum generated by mass spectrometry for comparison with the WILEY database. Soluble carbohydrates were determined in the peak area between 21.92 and 43.63 min−1 retention time. The obtained data set was analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques. It was revealed that common wheat exerted a much more pronounced tendency than spelt wheat to be influenced by the farming system.CONCLUSIONThis differentiation was particularly well visualized after subjecting the data set to principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In the PCA graph, all spelt samples were positioned closer to the corresponding control sample, in contrast to the wheat samples, which were distributed over a huge area in the factor space. CA showed that the spelt samples grown under different farming systems were highly similar and grouped into one cluster. Common wheat samples cultivated under organic, biodynamic and integrated system were similar and represented the second cluster, whereas that cultivated under the conventional system was clearly separated from other samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The inhibitory effects of sesamol and sesamolin on the glycidyl esters formation during deodorization of vegetables oils
Authors: Han Lipeng , Li Jiahui , Wang Shujie , Cheng Weiwei , Ma Lukai , Liu Guoqin , Han Dongxue , Niu Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycidyl esters (GEs) have attracted worldwide attention for their potential harm to human health. The GEs in edible oils mainly form during the deodorization of the oil refining processes. We used sesamol and sesamolin to inhibit the formation of GEs in model corn oil (MCO), model palm oil (MPO) and model rice bran oil (MRO) during a deodorization process.RESULTSThe results showed that, in the three model oils, the total GE content was in the following order from highest to lowest: MRO (1437.98 μg kg−1) > MPO (388.64 μg kg−1) > MCO (314.81 μg kg−1). The inhibitory effect of the three antioxidants on the formation of GEs in the MCO was in the following order from strongest to weakest: tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) > sesamol > sesamolin.CONCLUSIONWhen the mass percentage of sesamol was 0.05%, its inhibition percentage on GEs was close to the inhibition percentage of 0.02% added TBHQ. The present study provides a foundation for understanding how to inhibit the formation of GEs in oils by adding sesamol during the deodorization process.
The optimization of wheat yield through adaptive crop management in a changing climate: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yujie , Zhang Jie , Ge Quansheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdaptive crop management is critical to food security in a changing climate, but the respective contributions of climate change and crop management to yields remain unclear. Thus, we distinguished and quantified the respective contribution of climate change and crop management on wheat yield between 1981 and 2018 in China, using first‐difference multivariate regression model.RESULTSWheat production in China has increased over the past four decades. Under the sole impact of climate change, wheat yield generally decreased (−5.45 to +1.09% decade−1). Crop management increased the wheat yield from 7.11 to 19.94% decade−1. Sensitivities of wheat yield to climatic variables (average temperature, accumulated sunshine hours, accumulated precipitation) were spatially heterogeneous; notably, in spring‐wheat planting areas, wheat yield was more susceptible to the negative impact of warming. In terms of relative contribution, the contribution of climate change to spring wheat yield was −24.08% to −5.41%, and the contribution to winter wheat was −4.98% to +34.69%. Crop management had a positive contribution to all wheat‐growing areas (65.31–96.84%).CONCLUSIONCrop management had a greater effect on wheat yield than climate change did. Among the three climatic variables investigated, average temperature had the dominant effect on wheat yield change; the impact of precipitation was minimal but mostly negative. The results provide insight regarding the contribution of climate change and crop management to wheat yield; adaptation measures may be more effective in planting areas where crop management contributes more, which will help stakeholders optimize crop management and adaptation strategies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Conversion Factor for B‐Scan Ultrasound Measurement of Intraocular Tumors With and Without the Sclera
Authors: Tanke Laurel B. , Leske David A. , Dalvin Lauren A. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between choroidal nevus and melanoma thickness measured with or without the sclera included by B‐scan ultrasound and to present a simple conversion formula.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed for choroidal nevus or melanoma evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, with B‐scan ultrasound between February 4, 2004, and April 23, 2020. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for high‐quality B‐scan images in which the ultrasound transducer was perpendicular to the lesion, measuring the tumor thickness without the sclera included. Measurements were repeated with the sclera included for each patient. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors correlated with scleral thickness.ResultsThere were 201 tumors included in the study, with a mean patient age ± SD of 61 ± 14 years, largest tumor basal diameter of 11.8 ± 4.8 mm, tumor thickness without the sclera included of 3.72 ± 2.7 mm, and thickness with the sclera included of 4.54 ± SD 2.8 mm. On the univariate analysis, factors associated with perceived scleral thickness by B‐scan ultrasound included age (P < .001), tumor thickness (P < .001), and basal diameter (P = .06). On the multivariate analysis, factors associated with perceived scleral thickness included age and tumor thickness (P < .001) for all tumors and for the subset of 141 tumors with a thickness of 2 mm or greater (P < .001). For tumors of 2 mm or greater in thickness, perceived scleral thickness by ultrasound can be estimated by the formula 0.00495(patient age) + 0.02451(tumor thickness without the sclera) + 0.42549.ConclusionsWe present a simple formula for converting between B‐scan ultrasound measurements of choroidal nevus and melanoma measuring 2 mm or greater in thickness with and without the sclera included.
Reduced Asthma Medication Use after Treatment of Pediatric Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder
Authors: Ivancic Ryan , Matrka Laura , Wiet Gregory , Puckett Amy , Haney Jennifer , deSilva Brad 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesesThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder (PVFMD) leads to decreased asthma medication use. Our secondary objective was to determine dyspnea outcomes following diagnosis and treatment for PVFMD.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed PVFMD between the ages of 11 and 17 were recruited at a single pediatric institution. A medication questionnaire and Dyspnea Index (DI) were completed at the initial visit, at the first return visit, and at greater than 6 months post‐diagnosis and therapy. Laryngeal Control Therapy (LCT) consisted of teaching breathing techniques and identifying emotional, physical, and environmental contributing factors and strategies to reduce them.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were recruited to the study. There were 19/26 (73%) patients diagnosed with asthma prior to a diagnosis of PVFMD, and 26/26 (100%) patients were using an inhaler prior to the enrollment visit. Twenty‐two (85%) patients completed follow‐up questionnaires. Five patients participated in no therapy, seven patients in partial therapy, and 14 patients in full therapy. Significant reduction in asthma medication use was seen in the full therapy group (P < .05) and in those with exercise as their only trigger (P < .05). Furthermore, symptoms as scored by the DI decreased overall from 25.5 to 18.8 (P < .001).ConclusionsDiagnosis and treatment of pediatric PVFMD leads to a decline in asthma medication use in those patients who participate in at least two LCT sessions and in those with exercise‐induced PVFMD. LCT for pediatric PVFMD leads to a significant decrease in symptoms as measured by the DI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1639–1646, 2021
Interdigitated Sensor Based on a Silicone Foam for Subtle Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Hesam Mahmoudinezhad Masoumeh , Anderson Iain , Rosset Samuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, a soft sensor configuration based on silicone foam is developed to measure compressive forces in the range of 50 N with the aim of providing proprioceptive capabilities to conventional robotic manipulators based on hard materials. This then makes them capable of interacting with soft and fragile objects without damage. The concept relies on interdigitated electrodes that are patterned on the backside of the sensor to generate a fringing electric field into a soft compressible polymeric foam. The deformation of the foam causes changes to relative permittivity as the air‐filled cells compress. The model in this article shows how the different parameters of the foam, such as air volume fraction, permittivity, and Young's modulus, affect the stiffness and electrical sensitivity of the sensor, and how controlling the porosity of the foam is key to optimizing the sensitivity of the sensor. This sensor is easy to fabricate and does not require compliant electrodes, while exhibiting high sensitivity values of 33% capacitance change for as little as 10 N applied force.