bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity determines the direction of nerve roots sedimentation in the lumbar spinal canal
Authors: Yang Jun , Feng Zhiyun , Hong Zhenhua , Yang Jiang , Zhou Tingjie , Yao Xin , Xu Taifeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the role of gravity in the sedimentation of lumbar spine nerve roots using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of various body position. Methods: A total of 56 patients, who suffered from back pain and underwent conventional supine lumbar spine MR imaging, were selected from sanmen hospital database. All the patients were called back to our hospital to perform MR imaging in prone position or lateral position. Furthermore, the sedimentation sign (SedSign) was determined based on the suspension of the nerve roots in the dural sac on cross-sectional MR images, and 31 cases were rated as positive and another 25 cases were negative. Results: The mean age of negative SedSign group was significantly younger than that of positive SedSign group (51.7±8.7 vs 68.4±10.5, P<0.05). The constitutions of clinical diagnosis were significantly different between patients with a positive SedSign and those with a negative SedSign (P<0.001). Overall, nerve roots of the vast majority of patients (48/56, 85.7%) subsided to the ventral side of the dural sac on the prone MR images, although that of 8 (14.3%) patients remain stay in the dorsal side of dural sac. Nerve roots of only one patient with negative SedSign did not settle to the ventral dural sac, while this phenomenon occurred in 7 patients in positive SedSign group (4% vs 22.6%, P<0.001). In addition, the nerve roots of all the five patients subsided to the left side of dural sac on lateral position MR images. Conclusions: The nerve roots sedimentation followed the direction of gravity. Positive SedSign may be a MR sign of lumbar pathology involved the spinal canal.
Dietary intakes of total polyphenol and its subclasses in relation to incidence of chronic kidney disease: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Yuzbashian Emad , Rahbarinejad Pegah , Asghari Golaleh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is nowadays a public health challenge worldwide. Accordingly, this study is aiming to evaluate the association between long-term intake of total polyphenol and its subclasses, and the incidence of CKD. Methods: A sample of 3021 Iranian Adults (47% men) were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study population. The participants aged 20-79 years and had no diagnosis of CKD at baseline. Total polyphenol intake and its major subclasses including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans, was assessed by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire, and were categorized as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans. CKD should be defined by either reduction in eGFR or by morphological abnormalities of the kidneys or by abnormalities in the urinalysis persistent for 3 months. Since GFR is generally accepted as the best overall index of kidney function, in current study CKD was exclusively defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of CKD by total polyphenols quartiles were assessed by Cox-regression analysis. Results: In this study, we documented 355 cases of diagnosed CKD over 11,058.464 person-years. The median [IQR] age of participants was 36 [27-46] years at baseline. After adjustment of the potential confounders, it was revealed that a moderate intake of lignans (≤6.8 mg) was negatively associated with the incidence of CKD, whereas there was no significant association between the higher amounts of lignan intake and CKD. No significant associations were observed between the consumption of total polyphenols and the incidence of CKD (HR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.67-1.40). Conclusions: Data of the current study suggest that in the case of lignan with protective properties, a moderate amount of lignan favorably reduced the incidence of CKD by approximately 32%, whereas higher amounts possessed a null effect.
Metagenomic analyses and genetic diversity of Tomato leaf curl Arusha virus affecting tomato plants in Kenya
Authors: Avedi Edith Khamonya , Adediji Adedapo Olutola , Kilalo Dora Chao , Olubayo Florence Mmogi , Macharia Isaac , Ateka Elijah Miinda , Machuka Eunice Magoma , Mutuku Josiah Musembi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tomato production is threatened worldwide by the occurrence of begomoviruses which are associated with tomato leaf curl diseases. There is little information on the molecular properties of tomato begomoviruses in Kenya, hence we investigated the population and genetic diversity of begomoviruses associated with tomato leaf curl in Kenya.Methods: Tomato leaf samples with virus-like symptoms were obtained from farmers’ field across the country in 2018 and Illumina sequencing undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of associated begomoviruses. Additionally, the occurrence of selection pressure and recombinant isolates within the population were also evaluated.Results: Twelve complete begomovirus genomes were obtained from our samples with an average coverage of 99.9%. The sequences showed 95.7-99.7% identity among each other and 95.9-98.9% similarities with a Tomato leaf curl virus Arusha virus (ToLCArV) isolate from Tanzania. Analysis of amino acid sequences showed the highest identities in the regions coding for the coat protein gene (98.5-100%) within the isolates, and 97.1-100% identity with the C4 gene of ToLCArV. Phylogenetic algorithms clustered all Kenyan isolates in the same clades with ToLCArV, thus confirming the isolates to be a variant of the virus. There was no evidence of recombination within our isolates. Estimation of selection pressure within the virus population revealed the occurrence of negative or purifying selection in 5 out of the 6 coding regions of the sequences.Conclusions: The begomovirus associated with tomato leaf curl diseases of tomato in Kenya is a variant of ToLCArV, possibly originating from Tanzania. There is low genetic diversity within the virus population and this information is useful in the development of appropriate management strategies for the disease in the country.
Assessing Physician Performance Using Multisource Surveys: Do Biases Exist Due to Gender, Country of Training, Native Language, and Age?
Authors: Lanz Julie J , Gregory Paul , Harmon Larry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: With a growing number of foreign-trained physicians joining the United States workforce, there is a need to assess their job performance fairly. The purpose of this study was to explore the fairness of a multisource competency assessment on U.S.- and non-U.S.-trained physicians. Methods: We conducted a non-experimental retrospective analysis on physicians working in the United States (n=258) who participated in a physician assessment and education program. Results: There were no significant differences in performance outcomes at the scale level of teamwork, motivating or discouraging behaviors, technical practice, and patient interactions, nor the item level based on demographic differences. Conclusions: The PULSE 360 is a powerful tool that can be used to evaluate physician performance without bias due demographic differences including: gender, country of physician medical training, physician native language, or age.
BAHAN AJAR KOMIK MATEMATIKA BERBASIS DIGITAL BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: KUSUMADEWI RIDA FIRONIKA , NEOLAKA AMOS , Yasin Mahmuddin 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and use of teaching materials in schools, especially elementary schools. The teaching materials used are suitable for the students' needs. This study uses a Research and Development approach and method. The data collection technique here is to use interviews, teacher, and student response questionnaires to digital-based mathematics comic teaching materials. The field studies carried out include identifying the availability of teaching materials, analyzing the needs of teaching materials, analyzing learning, and identifying students' initial characteristic behaviors. The results of interviews based on field studies show that so far teachers have used conventional teaching materials, and only occasionally use digital-based teaching materials in the form of videos that are displayed on YouTube videos. Student response during learning so far is feeling less happy in participating in learning, especially learning mathematics, students' verbal ability in mathematics is still lacking. Based on these results, it is necessary to have teaching materials designed according to the needs and characteristics of students, namely by using digital-based comic teaching materials to improve the ability to understand mathematical concepts.Keywords: Teaching Materials, Mathematical Comic, Digital Abstract Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketersediaan dan penggunaan bahan ajar disekolahan khususnya sekolah dasar. Bahan ajar yang digunakan apakah sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dan metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Teknik pengambilan data disini adalah menggunakan wawancara, angket respon guru dan siswa terhadap bahan ajar komik matematika berbasis digital. Studi lapangan yang dilakukan diantarannya adalah mengidentifikasi ketersediaan bahan ajar, melakukan analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar, melakukan analisis pembelajaran, dan mengidentifikasi perilaku karakteristik awal siswa. Hasil wawancara berdasarkan studi lapangan adalah, selama ini guru menggunakan bahan ajar konvensional, dan hanya sesekali menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis digital yang berbantu video yang ditampilkan melalui video youtube. Respon siswa selama pembelajaran selama ini adalah merasa kurang senang dalam mengikuti pembelajaran khususnya pembelajaran matematika, kemampuan siswa secara verbal pada pelajaran matematika juga masih sangat kurang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka sangat diperlukan adanya bahan ajar yang dirancang sesuai kebutuhan dan karakteristik siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan ajar komik berbasis digital untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika.Kata kunci: Bahan Ajar, Komik Matematika, Digital
Vibration analysis of motorcycle handlebar for riding comfort using tuned mass damper
Authors: Khune Sumit , Bhende Amit 
Published: December 2020

Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and power generation and transmission parts. Long exposure to high vibrations may lead to numbness, stiffness, and pain in the rider’s hand parts such as fingers, shoulders, and neck. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in the motorcycle handlebar and modify the handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. A motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stroke length than bore diameter and hence it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. To investigate and predict vibration attenuation levels in handlebar at different operating conditions, a proper design of experiments (DOE) is carried. In the DOE, the effects of factors such as motorcycle engine speed, mass on handlebar have been studied on vibrations at the handlebar. The objective of DOE is to develop a robust model that predicts the handlebar vibrations of a motorcycle which is highly desirable when rider exposes to vibration for a long period. The results of the investigation show vibration attenuation from 23 to 66 % at various engine speeds. The effect of the tuned mass damper is substantially visible at higher engine RPM hence proper modification of handlebar becomes essential in case of high revving applications where riders are exposed to high vibrations for longer periods.
A comparative analysis on different enzyme immobilization nanomaterials: Progress, constraints, and recent trends
Authors: Borzouee Fatemeh , Varshosaz Jaleh , Cohan Reza Ahangari , Norouzian Dariush , Pirposhteh Razieh Taghizadeh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract::
Immobilization techniques have been popularly used to preserve the operational stability of the enzymes for
industrial applications. The three main components of an immobilized enzyme system are the enzyme, the matrix/support,
and the technique of immobilization. So far different supports have been developed to improve the efficiency of the
immobilized enzymes. But in the recent decade, nanotechnology has been considerable research interest in the field of
immobilized enzyme carriers. The materials at the nano-scale due to their unique physicochemical properties including;
specific surface area, mass transfer limitation, and effective enzyme loading, are considered as interesting matrices for
enzyme immobilization. This review describes techniques employed to immobilize enzymes and provides an integrated
focus on the most common nanoparticles for enzyme conjugation. Additionally, the pros and cons of nanoparticles as
immobilization matrices are also discussed. Depending on the type of enzyme and its application, in this review, the
researchers are directed to select an appropriate method and support for enzyme immobilization in terms of enzyme stability
and functionality.
An Update on Extemporaneous Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals Using Freeze-Dried Cold Kits
Authors: Mukherjee Archana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract::
The field of nuclear medicine is rapidly evolving due to the high demand of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The availability of a vast array of radioisotopes, improvement in radiolabeling strategies, and advancements in detection systems have also contributed to the progress in this field. Radiopharmaceuticals are mainly classified based on their application as diagnostic or therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. These are available either as ready to use preparations or prepared at hospital radiopharmacy either using automated synthesis modules or by using freeze-dried cold kit formulations. Availability of freeze-dried cold kits for preparation of varied radiopharmaceuticals for targeting various organs and tissues played an essential role in the extensive use of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Cold kits are especially suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with isotopes like 177Lu with relatively long half-life or radionuclides produced by radioisotope generators. A simplified procedure for the preparation of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals is also desired to achieve images with higher resolution and sensitivity offered by PET. Robust kit formulations will simplify the preparation of PET radiopharmaceuticals and will contribute to extensive applications of positron emitters such as 68Ga. Several therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are also being made using cold kits of the ligands. This review provides an update on diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals prepared using cold kits.
Elevated Total Homocysteine Predicts In-Hospital Pneumonia and Poor Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Fuyu , Wang Lixuan , Du Huaping , You Shoujiang , Zheng Danni , Zhong Chongke , Sun Yaming , Ding Chunqin , Shan Haihua , Cao Yongjun , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Background :
We investigated the association between elevated total homocysteine (tHcy)
levels upon hospital admission and short-term in-hospital outcomes, including pneumonia in
acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods:
A total of 2,084 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals
in Suzhou city were included in the present study. We divided patients into four groups according
to their level of admission tHcy: quartile (Q1) (<9.70 umol/L), Q2 (9.70-12.3 umol/L), Q3
(12.3-16.9 umol/L), and Q4 (≥16.9 umol/L). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the
effect of tHcy on the short-term outcomes, including in-hospital pneumonia, all-cause in-hospital
mortality, and poor outcome upon discharge (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) in AIS patients.

Results:
The risk of in-hospital pneumonia was significantly higher in patients with the highest tHcy
level (Q4) compared to those with the lowest tHcy level (Q1) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.55;
95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.33; P-trend =0.019). The highest tHcy level (Q4) was associated
with a 3.35-fold and 1.50-fold increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.35; 95% CI,
1.11–10.13; P-trend =0.015) and poor outcome upon discharge (OR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06–2.12; Ptrend
=0.044) in comparison to Q1 after adjustment for potential covariates including pneumonia.

Conclusion:
Having a high admission tHcy level was independently associated with in-hospital
pneumonia, in-hospital mortality, and poor outcome upon discharge in AIS patients.
Landmark-Based Shape Analysis on Middle Cerebral Intracranial Aneurysms: A Geometric Morphometrics Approach to Infer Natural History
Authors: Tutino Vincent M. , Yan Anthony J. , Veeturi Sricharan S. , Patel Tatsat R. , Rajabzadeh-Oghaz Hamidreza , Waqas Muhammad , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Tseng Jack , Kolega John 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Due to the scarcity of longitudinal data, the morphologic development of
intracranial aneurysms (IAs) during their natural history remains poorly understood. However, longitudinal
information can often be inferred from cross-sectional datasets as demonstrated by anatomists’
use of geometric morphometrics to build evolutionary trees, reconstructing species inter-relationships
based on morphologic landmarks.

Objective::
We adopted these tools to analyze cross-sectional image data and infer relationships between
IA morphologies.

Methods::
On 3D reconstructions of 52 middle cerebral arteries (MCA) IAs (9 ruptured) and 10 IAfree
MCAs (baseline geometries), 7 semi-automated landmarks were placed at the proximal parent
artery and maximum height. From these, 64 additional landmarks were computationally generated
to create a 71-landmark point cloud of 213 xyz coordinates. This data was normalized by Procrustes
transformation and used in the principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and
phylogenetic analyses.

Results::
Principal component analysis showed separation of IA-free MCA geometries and grouping
of ruptured IAs from unruptured IAs. Hierarchical clustering delineated a cluster of only unruptured
IAs that were significantly smaller and more spherical than clusters that had ruptured IAs.
Phylogenetic classification placed ruptured IAs more distally in the tree than unruptured IAs, indicating
greater shape derivation. Groups of unruptured IAs were observed, but ruptured IAs were invariably
found in mixed lineages with unruptured IAs, suggesting that some pathways of shape
change may be benign while others are more associated with rupture.

Conclusion::
Geometric morphometric analyses of larger datasets may indicate particular pathways
of shape change leading toward aneurysm rupture versus stabilization.
Withdrawal Notice: Electro-Catalytic process for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds and their Biological Applications
Authors: Khan Zia Ul Haq , Shah Noor Samad , Muhammad Nawshad , Khan Arif Ullah , Iqbal Jibran , Imran Muhammad , Ashfaq Munazza , Khan Amjad , Kousar Amina , Chen Yongmei , Pingyu Wan 
Published: December 2020

The article for the journal :Current Organic Synthesis" has been removed by the Publisher due to acute language inconsistencies
and grammatical errors.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

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Selection of Active Antiviral Compounds Against COVID-19 Disease Targeting Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Nendou/NSP15 Via Ligandbased Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Poduri Ramarao 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has caused havoc and panic among
individuals, which has further worsened due to the unavailability of a proven drug(s) regime.

Objective:
The current work involves drug repurposing from the pool of USFDA approved drugs
involving in silico virtual screening technique against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
Methodology involves virtual screening of 8548 FDA approved drugs
against target protein endoribonuclease NendoU (Nsp15) (PDB ID: 6VWW).

Results:
Virtual screening-based analysis enabled us to identify four drugs, Eprosartan, Inarigivir
soproxil, Foretinib, and DB01813 that could plausibly target Nsp15 against COVID-19 disease.

Conclusion:
The work offers the scope to corroborate the findings via in vitro and in vivo
techniques to identify the potential of selected leads against COVID-19. The outcome may also help
in tracing their molecular mechanism(s) in addition to their development at the clinical level in the
future.
Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects on the Brain
Authors: Gwanyanya Asfree , Godsmark Christie Nicole , Kelly-Laubscher Roisin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract::
Ethanolamine is a bioactive molecule found in several cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, ethanolamine and ethanolamine-related molecules have emerged as prodrug moieties that can promote drug movement across the blood-brain barrier. This improvement in the ability to target drugs to the brain may also mean that in the process ethanolamine concentrations in the brain are increased enough for ethanolamine to exert its own neurological ac-tions. Ethanolamine and its associated products have various positive functions ranging from cell signaling to molecular storage, and alterations in their levels have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. This mini-review focuses on the effects of ethanolamine in the CNS and highlights the possible implications of these effects for drug design.