bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal Solid Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with Basaloid Features: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gao Feng , Zang Lijuan , He Jin , Xu Weiqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from the respiratory tract. The solid variant of ACC is a histologically distinct subtype with unfavorable clinical course. We report a case of tracheal ACC with immunohistochemical and molecular analysis together with a review of the literature. Case presentation: A 31-year-old man presented with a neoplasm growing on the lower part of the total tracheal membrane, left side wall and anterior wall. The tumor was obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by a predominant compact sheet-like and nested pattern of rounded basaloid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was diffusely positive for CK and CD117. CK7 and CK5/6 was focally positive in the genuine glandular structures. P63 was completely negative in majority of neoplastic cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed MYB gene rearrangement. The current case showed an almost entirely solid pattern of growth with basaloid features, and was morphologically difficult to distinguish from a variety of other round cell neoplasms. Conclusions: This case report highlights the significance of various histological patterns and diagnostic modalities in making an accurate diagnosis of primary tracheal ACC at an early stage.
Epidemic and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates from calves with diarrhea
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Cao Mingze , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Liwei , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans to animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and associated molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated from calves. Methods and Results: All 38 unduplicated S. dysenteriae 1 isolates were collected from calves in Gansu Province from October 2014 to December 2016. According to MLST and PFGE analysis, these isolates were separated into 4 and 28 genotypes, respectively. The most common STs identified were ST228 (34.21%, 13/38) and ST229 (39.47%, 15/38), which were first found in the present study. All isolates harbored virulence genes, and the incidence of the five virulence genes were ipaH (100%), ipaBCD (92.11%), stx (73.68%), ial (57.89%), and sen (28.95%). According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) of S. dysenteriae isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. In a study on the polymorphism of QRDR of gyrA/B and parC/E genes, we identified two mutations in gyrA (Ser83→Leu and Asp87→Asn) and parC (Ser80→Ile and Ser83→Leu), respectively. Among them, 55.17% (16/29) of resistant strains had the gyrA point mutations (Ser83→Leu) and parC point mutation (Ser83→Leu). Moreover, 41.38% (12/29) of isolates had all five point mutations of gyrA and parC. In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6’)-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA, except SD001. In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). Conclusion: Given the increased common emergence of multidrug resistant isolates, uninterrupted surveillance will be necessary to understand the actual epidemic burden and control this infection.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy tract dilatation techniques comparison (Balloon vs. Amplatz): Our Experience in Middle East.
Authors: Abu-Qamar Adnan A. , Al-Naser Mohanad M. , Al-Majali Ashraf S. , Al-serhan Mohammad A. , Al-Hammouri Firas A. , Al-kaabneh Awad B. , Al-jfout Samer G. , Al-Qaralleh Ayman A. , Abdeldayem Mohammad A. , Al-Hiari Ahmad M. , Al-Khasawneh Laith F. , M Abdullah M. Al-rababaah , Ni’mate Abdelhakim S. , Al-Khawaldah Belal A. , Al-Emoush Monther A. , Hjazeen Anees A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a gold widespread minimally invasive technique for the remedy of huge renal stones > 2 cm. Our intention is to review the versions among the Balloon and Amplatz dilatation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) tract exploitation peri- and postoperative variables and make clear which technique is efficient.Methods: 600 sufferers who underwent PCNLs among (1-April 2012 and 20-September 2018) in our Urology Center had been listed all through this retrospective look at, and divided into 2 groups: (group1) balloon tract dilatation (300 sufferers) and (group2) Amplatz serial fascial (ASF) dilatation (300 sufferers). Therefore, the demographic and categorical statistics were compared between each team.Statistical evaluation used: SPSS software version twenty-four, T-test.Results: operative time (balloon vs. Amplatz group: (85 ± 32 vs. 86.5 ± 31) mins; P= zero.073), preoperative Hematocrit value (41.5 ± 8.2 vs. 40.three ± 9.4; P= 0.088), postoperative Hematocrit cost (36.1 ± 2.2 vs. 34.6 ± three.4; P= 0.023), blood transfusion levels (10.6% vs. 12.1%; P= 0.002), tract dilatation trials (20.4% vs. 22.6%; P= 0.051), stone clearance price (78.three% vs. 77.8%; P= 0.083), and therefore, the versions regarding the price have been higher slightly in balloon cluster while within the opportunity variables had been statistically insignificant besides blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospital live.Conclusion: The balloon dilatation is price effective than amplatz method in manner of postoperative hospital live length and blood transfusion, whereas most of the other diverse factors like safety, operative period, achievement rate, and stone clearance price; they gave comparable consequences.
PLCG2 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Tsai Andy Po-Yi , Dong Chuanpeng , Preuss Christoph , Moutinho Miguel , Lin Peter Bor-Chian , Hajicek Nicole , Sondek John , Bissel Stephanie J , Oblak Adrian L , Carter Gregory W , Liu Yunlong , Landreth Gary E , Lamb Bruce T , Nho Kwangsik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by robust microgliosis and phenotypic changes that accompany disease pathogenesis. Indeed, genetic variants in microglial genes are linked to risk for late-onset AD (LOAD). Phospholipase C 𝛾 2 (PLCG2) participates in the transduction of signals emanating from immune cell-surface receptors that regulate the inflammatory response and is selectively expressed by microglia in the brain. A rare variant in PLCG2 (P522R) was previously found to be protective against LOAD. Here, we performed association analysis to identify a new genetic variation in PLCG2 that is associated with elevated risk for LOAD.Methods Using whole genome sequencing (N=1,894) and RNA-Seq (N=1,077) data from the AMP-AD cohort, we investigated whether a missense variant in PLCG2 (M28L) was associated with risk for LOAD. We have examined the homology model and space-filling model of PLCG2 generated with PyMOL to investigate the protein structure of PLCG2 with substitutions of LOAD risk and protective variants in PLCG2 . Gene expression analysis and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of PLCG2 were conducted. We also evaluated the relationship between PLCG2 expression levels and amyloid plaque density and expression levels of microglia specific markers ( AIF1 and TMEM119 ). Age, sex, and APOE ε4 carrier status were used as covariates. Finally, we investigated the longitudinal changes PLCG2 expression in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD and it relationship to amyloid pathology progression.Results A rare missense variant in PLCG2 (M28L) confers increased AD risk ( p =0.047; OR=1.164 [95% CI=1.002-1.351]). PLCG2 is highly expressed in the brain and was significantly up-regulated in the parahippocampal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus in LOAD. Higher PLCG2 expression levels were associated with increased brain amyloid deposition. The findings were validated in 5xFAD mice, showing a disease progression-dependent increase in Plcg2 expression with amyloid pathology. Furthermore, eQTL analysis identified several variants as associated with increased PLCG2 expression levels in the brain and other organs.Conclusions Our results provide further evidence that PLCG2 and the M28L variant confers increase risk for LOAD and may play an important role in AD pathophysiology.
Comprehensive profiling of aberrant prognostic alternative splicing signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study based on large-scale sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhang Zhao , Duan Yi , Ji Guangxu , Wu Hongliang , Tang Yueqing , Hu Xiaolin , Fang Zhiqing , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Hainan , Liu Zhaoxu , Xu Zhonghua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) is the most common type with poor prognosis in kidney tumor. Growing evidence has indicated that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events are efficacious signatures for tumor prognosis predicting and therapeutic targets. Systematic and comprehensive analysis of AS in ccRCC is in urgent need.Methods: Level 3 RNA-seq data were acquired from TCGA data portal and the AS profiles were performed with assistance of SpliceSeq software. Univariate cox regression analysis was applied for screening prognosis-related AS events. Gene functional enrichment analysis revealed the pathways enriched by prognosis-related AS. The final AS panel was developed by LASSO-penalized method for predicting prognosis and compared with traditional clinical factors. The potential regulatory network was analyzed via Spearman correlation between splicing factors (SFs).Results: A total of 2100 survival-associated AS events were filtered from 1666 parent genes. Gene functional enrichment analysis suggested that the regulation of autophagy could be a potential mechanism of splicing regulatory in ccRCC. 17 aberrant AS events formed the final AS panel which can estimate OS probability in ccRCC patients. The AUC values of ROC curves for the final AS panel can keep above 0.7 spanning 1 year to 5 years.Conclusion: We developed a robust and individualized predictive model based on large-scale sequencing data. The identified vital AS events and splicing networks may be valuable in deciphering the potential mechanisms of AS on tumorigenesis of ccRCC.
Gender Differences in Academic Grades versus Absenteeism for Medical Sciences Students
Authors: HAKAMI ABDULRAHIM 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Learning environment and academic performance can be investigated from various aspects. Numerous interfering factors make this issue a complex one. The aim of this study is to understand the role of absenteeism on the overall score of medical sciences students and to consider the difference between male and female students.Methods: Academic performance was evaluated using the overall grades. Assessments of students and absence rate were tracked in two consecutive semesters (January–April 2019 and September–December of the same year), followed by sequential alignment to evaluate and correlate males (n=43) and females (n=72) results. During the semester, all teaching and assessment methods were unified to both sections to mitigate any confounding results from the teaching method to either section. Academic activities were assessed automatically and subjectively. SEKONIC SR-3500 HYBRID Machine was used to correct and analyze the answers of multiple-choice questions of the Midterm and final examination. Objective marks were compiled with the scores of the subjective answers to generate the final academic degree. These overall marks were correlated and statistically analyzed with the absence rates.Results: Preliminary data of the mean scores between male and female students during three semesters were statistically significant (**** p<0.0001). To correlate marks with absenteeism, the correlation coefficient (r) was in a negative value which indicates an inverse correlation between X (absence rate) and Y data (scores). But, a statistically significant correlation was found in the male section (**p= 0.0011 for the first semester; *p= 0.0255 for the second semester) but no significance was observed with the female scores (p= 0.2041; p=0.1537).Conclusions: The results show that female marks are not solely dependent on class attendance but probably other factors were involved such as self-learning, motivation and group discussion. The female mean scores were significantly higher in five semesters in a row compared to male students. Male overall scores prove to be conditioned with the instructor explanation. The finding indicates a gender variation in the academic performance measured by overall grades taking absenteeism rate into account.
Analysis of multi-factor regulated network and different clusters in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Qin Xianyu , Huang Lei , Chen Shaoxian , Wen Pengju , Chen Sichengg , Wu Min , Wu Yueheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a kind of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with more severe symptoms. We herein explored the regulatory network between lncRNA, miRNAs, mRNAs, and TFs in the HOCM and divided HOCM samples into different clusters to identify key genes and regulatory factors that are involved in the process of HOCM.
Methods
Differentially expressed genes and online associated genes were integrated as a candidate gene set. WGCNA method was used to obtain key modules and genes related to HOCM. Subsequently, core genes were used to construct a multi-factor regulatory network and divided HOCM into different clusters. Lastly, the key regulatory factors and significant genes were identified in different clusters.
Results
The four gene sets from GEO, GENE and OMIM databases were integrated and WGCNA network was used to obtain two modules and 32 core genes. Through online database, miRNA-lncRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and TF-mRNA interaction pairs were obtained to screen the regulatory factors that interact with the co-expressed key genes (N = 32), and finally a multi-factor regulatory network with 175 interaction pairs was obtained. The first 7 regulatory factors were obtained as the core regulatory factors, which included the lncRNAs (XIST, MALAT1, H19), TFs (SPI1 and SP1) and miRNAs (hsa-miR-29b-39 and has-miR-29a-3p). Finally, the unsupervised clustering method was used to divide HOCM samples into 4 clusters. As a result, four genes including COMP, FMOD, AEBP1 and SULF1 showed significant expression in different clusters.
Conclusion
Bioinformatics method was used to obtain the molecular regulatory lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and TF network and classified HOCM samples into different clusters. Finally, 32 co-expressed key genes that are of great significance for HOCM typing and 4 genes are considered as important biomarkers for different progressive stages or prognosis of HOCM. These might assist in discovering molecular mechanisms of HOCM in the future.
An Investigation into the Prevalence of Migraine and its Prophylactic Treatment Patterns in the Czech Republic
Authors: Dolezil David , Markova Jolana , Klimes Jiri , Pocikova Zuzana , Dostal Filip , Stepanova Radka , Svobodnik Adam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background A national primary and secondary healthcare-level study in the Czech Republic has not yet been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of migraine. Considering the success of newly developed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway-targeted therapies, we analyzed the current treatment patterns (acute and prophylactic) in migraine patients and the number of migraine patients potentially eligible for treatment with these therapies. Methods This retrospective study utilized the Ministry of the Interior Health Insurance Fund claims database of the Czech Republic wherein every citizen is insured, according to local regulations. Migraine patients with or without aura, and potentially on triptan therapy, from 2012–2016, were included in this study. The prevalence approach (index years 2012–2016) included all patients present in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed for three and seven years prior to the index year, including the index year, until 2010. The incidence approach (index years 2012–2016) included all patients first diagnosed in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed for the next three years, including the index year, until 2017 following incidence approach. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the rate of migraine prevalence and diagnosis for each index year during the period 20122–2016. The study also evaluated prophylactic and acute treatment patterns and comorbidities among patients in 2016.Results The rate of migraine prevalence was 1% and the rate of diagnosis was 0.2%–0.4%. The prevalence of migraine in adults and females was similar to global prevalence. By prevalence approach, approximately 39% of the patients were on prophylactics, and 11.2% and 21.6% of the patient population had two prior treatment failures (three- and seven-year recall period, respectively). Overall, antiepileptics (26%) and beta blockers (15.8%) were the most prescribed prophylactics, and sumatriptan was the predominant triptan used (12%) for acute treatment. Conclusion Taking into account the number of inhabitants in the Czech Republic (10.7 million), there could be up to 23,000 adult patients eligible for novel CGRP therapies.
Synthesis of Aligned Porous Polyethylene Glycol/silk Fibroin/hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Osteoinduction in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yang Yuchao , Feng Yanting , Qu Rongmei , Li Qingtao , Rong Dongming , Fan Tingyu , Yang Yiting , Sun Bing , Bi Zhenyu , Deng Ting , dai jingxing , Ouyang Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The physical factors of the extracellular matrix have a profound influence on the differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of the biophysical microenvironment on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis was studied both in vitroand in vivo. Methods: To prepare cell culture scaffolds of varying stiffness, increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite (HAp)were mixed into apolyethylene glycol/silk fibroin(PEG/SF) solution. The amount of HApranged from 25 to 100mg, which provided for different ratios between HApand the PEG/SF composite. In vitro, the effect of stiffness on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was studied. The outcome measures, which were verified in vivo, included the protein expressionof runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mRNAexpression of osteogenesis-relatedmarkers.Results:Increasingamounts of HAp resulted in an increased elastic modulus of the cell culture scaffolds. The PEG/SF/HApfabricated with HAp (50mg) significantly increasedcell adhesion and viability(p<0.05) as well as the expression of all theosteogenesis-related markers (p<0.05). Conclusions:We developed a novel cell culture scaffold and demonstrated that substrate stiffness influenced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs.
Addressing the Challenges and Relational Aspects of Index-Linked HIV Testing for Children and Adolescents: Insights from the B-GAP Study in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikwari Chido Dziva , Bernays Sarah , Dringus Stefanie , Simms Victoria , Weiss Helen A , Sibanda Edwin , Kranzer Katharina , Ncube Gertrude , Chikodzore Rudo , Webb Karen , Chirimambowa Trevor , Apollo Tsitsi , Mutseta Miriam , Ferrand Rashida A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Index-linked HIV testing, targeted at sexual contacts or children of individuals with HIV, may improve yield and efficiency. The B-GAP study evaluated index-linked testing approaches in health facility and community-based settings. This paper reports on a qualitative study to understand factors that affect index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents. Methods We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with caregivers who had their children tested through B-GAP and one FGD with providers who offered index-linked HIV testing to indexes. We aimed to understand enabling and inhibiting factors in the decision-making process. Translated and transcribed transcripts were read for familiarisation. Following initial coding, analytical memos were written to identify emerging key themes across the data.Results Caregivers did not have adequate knowledge about the need for, and importance of, paediatric HIV testing. Once the decision to test had been made, access to facilities was sometimes challenging, and alleviated by community-based testing. A key finding was that HIV testing is not a discrete event but a process that was influenced by relationships with other family members and children themselves. These relationships raised complex issues that could prevent or delay the testing process. Conclusion There is a need to improve paediatric HIV literacy and to provide support to caregivers and their families in order to improve testing uptake. Addressing access barriers through the provision of community-based testing and implementing a family centred approach can optimize index-linked testing. Contributions to the literature • Although promoted and recommended by the World Health Organization; index-linked HIV testing for children has not been standard practice in routine HIV care for many countries including Zimbabwe.• Prior this study, no study has evaluated the factors that influence and affect uptake of index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents as reported in our manuscript. • Our findings have the potential to bridge the HIV testing gap for children and optimize index-linked testing, a strategy that has been shown to result in higher yield of HIV when compared to universal testing but where uptake remains suboptimal.
Misdiagnosis and treatment of proximal femoral osteoid osteoma
Authors: Liu Qing , Zeng Hao , Luo Wei , Tong Xiaopeng , Wang Zhiwei , He Hongbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims: Herein, we examined the efficacy of open resection in proximal femoral osteoid osteoma (OO) treatment. Besides, we analysed the causes of misdiagnosis of proximal femoral OO to provide a reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 29 patients with proximal femoral OO admitted into our hospital from January 2010 to January 2018. The baseline characteristics of the participants included; 21 males and 9 females, aged between 13 to 25 (mean 16.2) years old, and the course of the disease was 1 to 14 (mean 6.1) months. We used previous medical experience records of the patients to analyze for the causes of misdiagnosis. Moreover, we compared the difference between preoperative and postoperative treatment practices in alleviating pain in OO patients and restoring hip function. Follow-ups were conducted regularly, and patients advised to avoid strenuous exercises for 3 months.Results: We followed up 29 patients (21 intercortical, 2 sub-periosteal, and 6 medullary) for an average of 42.5 months. We found that 13 patients (44.8%) had been misdiagnosed of synovitis, Perthes disease, osteomyelitis, intra-articular infection, and joint tuberculosis, whose average time from symptoms to diagnosis were 9.8 months. Postoperative pain score and joint function score improved significantly compared with preoperative, and complications were rare.Conclusion: Open surgical resection constitutes an effective treatment for proximal femoral OO by accurately and completely removing the nidus. Lack of understanding, wrong choice of examination, and the complexity and diversity of clinical manifestations constitute the main reasons for the misdiagnosis of proximal femoral OO.