bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrocartilaginous metaplasia and neovascularization of the anterior cruciate ligament in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Komro Jack , Gonzales Joshua , Marberry Kevin , Main Donet C. , Cramberg Michael , Kondrashov Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the anterior translocation and medial rotation of the tibia against the femur. It is typically composed of dense regular connective tissue (DRCT), small amount of loose connective tissue, little vasculature, and few nerve endings. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the details of histological changes in ACLs of patients with clinically diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA).Materials and MethodsThe ACLs of six patients undergoing total knee replacement because of OA (OA group) were compared with 16 normal ACLs from cadavers (control). The ACLs were analyzed for tissue composition and number of blood vessels across the full length and thickness of the ligament. Percentages for areas of DRCT, fibrocartilage, degenerative tissue, and vasculature were calculated. Tissue composition and relative number of blood vessels were compared between groups.ResultsThe proportion of DRCT to non‐DRCT was significantly smaller in the OA group than the control group (p < .001); non‐DRCT included degenerative connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The number of blood vessels to area was greater in the OA group than the control group (p = .002). Six of control (37.5%) and five of OA ACLs (83%) showed areas of calcification.ConclusionsThese results indicate that inflammatory processes contributing to OA in the knee cause changes in the composition of the ACL that lead to destruction of collagen bundles, increased vascularization, calcification, and formation of fibrocartilage‐like tissue inside the ligament. These changes make ligament‐retaining total knee arthroplasty a less beneficial option for knee repair.
A meta‐analysis of efficacy and safety of genotype‐guided versus standard of care treatment strategies in selecting antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Nazir Salik , Ahuja Keerat R. , Virk Hafeez U. H. , Elzanaty Ahmed , Waheed Tayyab A. , Changal Khalid H. , Wohlfarth Kevin , Lakhter Vladimir , Grande Robert D. , Eltahawy Ehab A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown similar rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, treated with P2Y12 inhibitors based on genotype guidance compared to standard treatment. However, given lower than expected event rates, these studies were underpowered to assess hard outcomes. We sought to systematically analyze this evidence using pooled data from multiple studies.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies of ACS patients that underwent genotype‐guided treatment (GGT) with P2Y12 inhibitors versus standard of care treatment (SCT). Studies with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months were included. Rate of MACE (defined as a composite of cardiovascular [CV] mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], and nonfatal stroke) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were individual components of MI, CV mortality, ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis, and major bleeding. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and combined using random effects model meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 4,095 patients (2007 in the GGT and 2088 in the SCT group were analyzed from three studies). Significantly lower odds of MACE (6.0 vs. 9.2%; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80, p < .001, I2 = 0%) and MI (3.3 vs. 5.45%; OR: 0.63; CI 0.41–0.96; p = .03; I2 = 46%) were noted in the GGT group compared to SCT. No significant difference was noted with respect to CV and other secondary outcomes.ConclusionIn patients with ACS, genotype‐guided initiation of P2Y12 inhibitors was associated with lower odds of MACE and similar bleeding risk in comparison to SCT.
Co‐immobilization and Colocalization of Multi‐Enzyme Systems for the Cell‐Free Biosynthesis of Aminoalcohols
Authors: Velasco‐Lozano Susana , Santiago‐Arcos Javier , Mayoral José A. , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe manufacturing of aminoalcohols is an appealing transformation for industrial biocatalysis due to their high value as building blocks in synthetic chemistry. By co‐immobilizing dehydrogenases, ω‐transaminases and oxidases on porous carriers, we fabricated and characterized a multi‐functional heterogeneous biocatalyst that was further applied to the cell‐free biosynthesis of amines and aminoalcohols from alcohols and diols, respectively. This immobilized cascade integrates both redox cofactor and amine donor recycling systems into the amino alcohol biosynthesis. Spatial co‐localization of the multi‐enzyme system significantly increases the cofactor recycling efficiency, the system productivity and the product conversion. Using this multi‐functional heterogeneous biocatalyst, we achieved 80 % conversion of alcohols into amines and accessed a palette of up to 5 aminoalcohols starting from their corresponding diols in one‐pot. The results herein presented contribute to understanding the effects of the confinement of co‐immobilized enzymes on the cascade processes.
Cardiac evaluation of young athletes: Time for a risk‐based approach?
Authors: MacLachlan Hamish , Drezner Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPre‐participation cardiovascular screening (PPCS) is recommended by several scientific and sporting organizations on the premise that early detection of cardiac disease provides a platform for individualized risk assessment and management; which has been proven to lower mortality rates for certain conditions associated with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). What constitutes the most effective strategy for PPCS of young athletes remains a topic of considerable debate. The addition of the electrocardiogram (ECG) to the medical history and physical examination undoubtedly enhances early detection of disease, which meets the primary objective of PPCS. The benefit of enhanced sensitivity must be carefully balanced against the risk of potential harm through increased false‐positive findings, costly downstream investigations, and unnecessary restriction/disqualification from competitive sports. To mitigate this risk, it is essential that ECG‐based PPCS programs are implemented by institutions with a strong infrastructure and by physicians appropriately trained in modern ECG standards with adequate cardiology resources to guide downstream investigations. While PPCS is compulsory for most competitive athletes, the current debate surrounding ECG‐based programs exists in a binary form; whereby ECG screening is mandated for all competitive athletes or none at all. This polarized approach fails to consider individualized patient risk and the available sports cardiology resources. The limitations of a uniform approach are highlighted by evolving data, which suggest that athletes display a differential risk profile for SCA/SCD, which is influenced by age, sex, ethnicity, sporting discipline, and standard of play. Evaluation of the etiology of SCA/SCD within high‐risk populations reveals a disproportionately higher prevalence of ECG‐detectable conditions. Selective ECG screening using a risk‐based approach may, therefore, offer a more cost‐effective and feasible approach to PPCS in the setting of limited sports cardiology resources, although this approach is not without important ethical considerations.
Cell‐Penetrating Peptides and Polymers for Improved Drug Delivery
Authors: Gui Lin , Zhang Xue‐Hao , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffective delivery of biologically active compounds including peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids into cells is an obstacle in the drug research. The intracellular delivery of biological agents generally relies on the endocytosis pathway, causing them to be trapped in endosomes and lysosomes. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) have previously been shown to be a useful transport tool for delivering many kinds of goods into cells through cell membranes. The latest discovery of cell penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) with excellent cytosolic delivery efficiency represents a major breakthrough in this field. In this work, we will focus on the latest advances in biological applications of the CPPs and new opportunities opened up by the CPDs.
Enhancing Galvanic Replacement in Plasmonic Hollow Nanoparticles: Understanding the Role of the Speciation of Metal Ion Precursors
Authors: Richard‐Daniel Josée , Boudreau Denis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHollow nanostructures offer great potential for plasmonic applications due to their strong and highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance. The relationship between the plasmonic properties and geometry of hollow nanoparticles, such as core‐shell size ratio, concentricity of the cavity and porosity of the wall, is well documented. Nanoscale galvanic replacement provides a simple, versatile and powerful route for the preparation of such hollow structures. Here we demonstrate how the efficiency of reductant‐assisted galvanic replacement processes can be enhanced by controlling the degree of hydration and hydrolysis of the metal ion precursor using pH and pL as key control parameters (by analogy to pH, the letter p in the expression pL is used to indicate the decimal cologarithm associated with the concentration of the ligand L). Adjusting precursor speciation prior to the sacrificial template's hollowing process offers a new strategy to tune the morphology and optical properties of plasmonic hollow nanostructures.
Stripping and Plating a Magnesium Metal Anode in Bromide‐Based Non‐Nucleophilic Electrolytes
Authors: Dongmo Saustin , Zaubitzer Steve , Schüler Philipp , Krieck Sven , Jörissen Ludwig , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Westerhausen Matthias , Marinaro Mario 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA non‐nucleophilic Hauser base hexamethyldisilazide (HMDS) magnesium electrolyte possesses inherent properties required for a magnesium–sulfur battery. However, the development of full cell batteries using HMDSCl‐based electrolytes is still hampered by a low coulombic efficiency. A new electrolyte formulation of non‐nucleophilic HMDS magnesium containing bromide as a halide instead of chloride was obtained through a simple and straightforward synthesis route. The electrochemistry of magnesium was investigated through plating and stripping in three different HMDSBr‐based electrolytes: Mg(HMDS)Br, Mg(HMDS)Br‐BEt3, and Mg(HMDS)Br‐AlEt3 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. The different magnesium species present in the electrolytes were determined using NMR. Weak electron‐withdrawing Lewis acids, BEt3 and AlEt3 were used intentionally and their impact was investigated. Contrary to expectation, the substitution of chloride by bromide does not drastically narrow the electrochemical stability window. HMDSBr‐based electrolytes demonstrated long‐term (1000 cycles) stable reversibility and highly efficient (≈99 %) magnesium plating/tripping without a high ratio of bromide compared with the MgHMDSCl‐based electrolytes. The aprotic electrolyte shows comparatively high anodic stability (≈2.4 V vs. Mg/Mg2+) and high ionic conductivity of 1.16 mS cm−1 at room temperature. Plating of magnesium with low overpotential (<188 mV) revealed a morphology dependence on the electrolyte type with a shiny metallic homogenous layer, suggesting a rational balance between the nucleation and growth process in HMDSBr‐based electrolytes.
Histological development and integration of the Zebrafish Weberian apparatus
Authors: Bird Nathan C. , Richardson Selena S. , Abels Jeremy R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Weberian apparatus enhances hearing in otophysan fishes, including Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several studies have examined aspects of morphological development of the Weberian apparatus and hearing ability in Zebrafish. A comprehensive developmental description including both hard and soft tissues is lacking. This information is critical for both interpretation of genetic developmental analyses and to better understand the role of morphogenesis and integration on changes in hearing ability.ResultsHistological development of hard and soft tissues of the Weberian apparatus, including ossicles, ear, swim bladder, and ligaments are described from early larval stages (3.8 mm notochord length) through adult. Results show a strong relationship in developmental timing and maturation across all regions. All required auditory elements are present and morphologically integrated early, by 6.5 mm SL. Dynamic ossification patterns and changes in shape continue throughout the examined developmental period.ConclusionsThis study provides the first comprehensive histological description of Weberian apparatus development in Zebrafish. Morphological integration was found early, before increases in hearing ability were detected in functional studies (>10 mm total length), suggesting morphological integration precedes functional integration. Further research is needed to examine the nature of the functional delay, and how maturation of the Weberian apparatus influences functionality.
Effects of captivity, diet, and relocation on the gut bacterial communities of white‐footed mice
Authors: van Leeuwen Pauline , Mykytczuk Nadia , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. , Schulte‐Hostedde Albrecht I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobes can have important impacts on their host's survival. Captive breeding programs for endangered species include periods of captivity that can ultimately have an impact on reintroduction success. No study to date has investigated the impacts of captive diet on the gut microbiota during the relocation process of generalist species. This study simulated a captive breeding program with white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to describe the variability in gut microbial community structure and composition during captivity and relocation in their natural habitat, and compared it to wild individuals. Mice born in captivity were fed two different diets, a control with dry standardized pellets and a treatment with nonprocessed components that reflect a version of their wild diet that could be provided in captivity. The mice from the two groups were then relocated to their natural habitat. Relocated mice that had the treatment diet had more phylotypes in common with the wild‐host microbiota than mice under the control diet or mice kept in captivity. These results have broad implications for our understanding of microbial community dynamics and the effects of captivity on reintroduced animals, including the potential impact on the survival of endangered species. This study demonstrates that ex situ conservation actions should consider a more holistic perspective of an animal's biology including its microbes.
Impact of adjunctive tolvaptan on sympathetic activity in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tamaki Shunsuke , Yamada Takahisa , Morita Takashi , Furukawa Yoshio , Kawasaki Masato , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kawai Tsutomu , Seo Masahiro , Abe Makoto , Nakamura Jun , Yamamoto Kyoko , Kayama Kiyomi , Kawahira Masatsugu , Tanabe Kazuya , Ueda Kunpei , Kimura Takanari , Sakamoto Daisuke , Tamura Yuto , Fujita Takeshi , Fukunami Masatake 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsAcute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is generally treated by decongestion using diuretic therapy. However, the use of loop diuretics is associated with increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA). We aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive tolvaptan therapy on CSNA in ADHF patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods and resultsWe enrolled 51 consecutive ADHF patients with LVEF ≥45%. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either tolvaptan add‐on (n = 25) or conventional diuretic therapy (n = 26). Cardiac iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging was performed after stabilisation of heart failure symptoms, and the cardiac MIBG heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio (HMR) and washout rate (WR) were calculated. There were no significant differences in the body weight change and total urine volume during 2 days after randomisation or in the HMR on delayed image (HMR(d)) and WR between the tolvaptan and conventional groups. After stratification based on the median change in body weight, the patients with higher weight reduction had a significantly lower HMR(d) (P = 0.0128) and tended to have a higher WR (P = 0.0786) in the conventional group, whereas the cardiac MIBG imaging results were not influenced by body weight reduction in the tolvaptan group.ConclusionsAdjunctive tolvaptan therapy may provide rapid decongestion without a harmful effect on CSNA in ADHF patients with preserved LVEF.
Brain‐responsive neurostimulation treatment in patients with GAD65 antibody–associated autoimmune mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Feyissa Anteneh M , Mirro Emily A. , Wabulya Angela , Tatum William O. , Wilmer‐Fierro Kaitlyn E. , Won Shin Hae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlutamic acid decarboxylase 65‐kilodalton isoform (GAD65) antibodies have been associated with multiple nonneurological and neurological syndromes including autoimmune epilepsy (AE). Although immunotherapy remains the cornerstone for the treatment of AE, those with GAD65 Ab‐associated AE (GAD65‐AE) remain refractory to immunotherapy and antiseizure medication (ASM). Outcomes of epilepsy surgery in this patient population have also been unsatisfactory. The role of neuromodulation therapy, particularly direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation therapy, has not been previously examined in GAD65‐AE. Here, we describe four consecutive patients with refractory GAD‐65‐associated temporal lobe epilepsy (GAD65‐TLE) receiving bilateral hippocampal RNS System treatment. The RNS System treatment was well tolerated and effective in this study cohort. Three patients had a >50% clinical seizure reduction, and one patient became clinically seizure‐free following resective surgery informed by the RNS System data with continued RNS System treatment. In all four of our patients, the long‐term ambulatory data provided by the RNS System allowed us to gain objective insights on electrographic seizure lateralization, patterns, and burden as well as guided immunotherapy and ASM optimization. Our results suggest the potential utility of the RNS System in the management of ASM intractable GAD65‐AE.
Determination of the key parameters of high‐position hard roofs for vertical‐well stratified fracturing to release strong ground pressure behavior in extra‐thick coal seam mining
Authors: Pan Chao , Xia Binwei , Yu Bin , Yu Peng , Luo Yafei , Gao Yugang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditional methods of controlling hard roofs have a limited scope of action and cannot effectively release the strong ground pressure behavior (SGPB) induced by high‐position hard roofs (HHRs) in extra‐thick coal seam mining (ETCSM). Thus, an innovative control technology of fracturing HHRs by vertical‐well stratified fracturing (VWSF) has been proposed. However, the key parameters of VWSF, namely fracturing horizon and fracturing thickness of HHRs, which have a significant influence on stope stability, remain uncertain. In this study, a mechanical model of the “coal wall–hydraulic support–gangue” support system is established by considering the effective loading acting on HHRs, through which modified expressions for the periodic breaking span and impact kinetic energy of the stope are deduced. Based on the self‐bearing of bulking rocks, the stability principle of the surrounding rock, and energy dissipation theories, the criteria for determining the fracturing horizon and thickness of the HHR are obtained. Next, a numerical model of ETCSM, which accounts for the supporting effect of gangue, is constructed in FLAC3D. The support load and energy released by stratum breakage are determined through modeling under various hard roof parameters, thus verifying the correctness of the determination criteria. The results show that the energy released by a hard roof, average support load, and critical support load are positively correlated with thickness, and first increase before declining with respect to an increase in the fracturing horizon. The key parameters for a real coal mine are obtained by theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. A field application demonstrates that the support load and advance roadway deformation can be decreased using the proposed parameterization. This provides theoretical support for determining the key parameters of HHRs for VWSF and facilitates the widespread application of VWSF technology in HHR control.
Quantum identity authentication protocol based on three‐photon quantum error avoidance code in edge computing
Authors: Qu Zhiguo , Liu Xinzhu , Wu Shengyao 
Published: April 2020

SummaryInformation security protection is always one of very significant and fundamental issues in edge computing, generally including cryptography, authentication, intrusion detection, privacy protection, and other technologies, and so forth. Quantum authentication is one of the latest extensions of authentication technology in quantum field. So far, most of the quantum identity authentication protocols proposed are based on noise‐free environments. However, due to the existence of quantum noise in quantum channels is inevitable, the noise immunity is very important to quantum identity authentication. In this article, a novel quantum identity authentication protocol based on three‐photon error avoidance code is proposed. In this protocol, quantum information is encoded on the noiseless subsystem, so the protocol can effectively resist on the interference of noise in the quantum channel to information transmission. The comprehensive analysis of antinoise performance and the security analysis on various eavesdropping attacks shows that the new protocol proposed in this article has not only good antinoise performance but also good security.
α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activity of fragrant black rice (Thai coloured rice)
Authors: Sansenya Sompong , Nanok Kesinee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColoured rice is the source of bioactive compounds related to medicinal treatment. This study aimed to investigate α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties of purified coloured rice extract (Thai fragrant black rice). The results reveal that seven purified fractions; rice fractions 1‐7 (RF1‐RF7) contained several phytochemical compounds especially flavonoids, which were presented in all purified fractions. The percentage inhibition on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase of fractions RF1, RF2, RF4, RF5 and RF6 had higher potential than acarbose. RF4, RF5 and RF6 contained the highest inhibition potential, which further determined the IC50 values, kinetic analysis and antioxidant properties. The IC50 values of all three fractions indicated that the inhibition potential of purified fraction had higher potential than acarbose, and the highest inhibition potential for both enzymes was obtained from fraction RF5. The kinetic analysis of the three fractions indicated that they are against both enzymes' function in mixed‐type inhibition. Moreover, all three fractions also showed good antioxidant activity, and the highest potential was obtained from fraction RF6. This study presents the inhibition efficiency of fragrant black rice extract on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzymes. The inhibitory activity of rice extract on both enzymes had higher potent than commercial standard drug acarbose. Moreover, the rice extract also shown the high‐efficiency antioxidant activity on DPPH and ABTS assay. We suggest the application of these results in the development of anti‐diabetes drug for pharmaceutical industry.