bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARIA‐EAACI statement on severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines – An EAACI‐ARIA Position Paper
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Jutel Marek , Akdis Cezmi A. , Bousquet Jean , Akdis Mübeccel , Torres Maria J , Agache Ioana , Canonica G. Walter , Del Giacco Stefano , O'Mahony Liam , Shamji Mohamed H. , Schwarze Jürgen , Untersmayr Eva , Ring Johannes , Bedbrook Anna , Worm Margitta , Zuberbier Torsten , Knol Edward , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Chivato Tomás 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFurther to the approval of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine BNT162b2, several severe anaphylaxis cases occured within the first few days of public vaccination. An investigation is taking place to understand the cases and their triggers. The vaccine will be administered to a large number of individuals worldwide and there are raising concerns that severe adverse events might occur. With the current information, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) states its position for the following preliminary recommendations that are to be revised as soon as more data emerge. To minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions in vaccinated individuals, it is urgently required to understand the specific nature of the reported severe allergic reactions, including the background medical history of the individuals affected and the mechanisms involved. To achieve this goal, all clinical and laboratory information should be collected and reported. Mild and moderate allergic patients should not be excluded from the vaccine as this could have a significant impact on reaching the goal of population immunity. Healthcare practitioners vaccinating against COVID‐19 are required to be sufficiently prepared to recognize and treat anaphylaxis properly with the ability to administer adrenaline. Further to vaccine administration, a mandatory observation period of at least 15 minutes should be followed for all individuals. The current data have not shown any higher risk for patients suffering from allergic rhinitis or asthma, and this message should be clearly stated by physicians to enable our patients to trust the vaccine. More than 30% of the population suffers from allergic diseases and the benefit of the vaccination clearly outweighs the risk of severe COVID‐19 development.
Trends in singleton preterm birth in Victoria, 2007 to 2017: A consecutive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Burger Renée J. , Temmink Josephina D. , Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Ganzevoort Wessel , Reddy Maya , Davey Mary‐Ann , Wallace Euan M. , Mol Ben‐Willem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPreterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many countries preterm birth rates are increasing, largely as a result of increases in iatrogenic preterm birth, whereas in other countries rates are stable or even declining. The objective of the study is to describe trends in singleton preterm births in Victoria from 2007 to 2017 in relation to trends in perinatal mortality to identify opportunities for improvements in clinical care.Material and methodsWe conducted a consecutive cross‐sectional study in all women with a singleton pregnancy giving birth at ≥20 weeks of pregnancy in Victoria, Australia, between 2007 and 2017, inclusive. Rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality were calculated and trends were analyzed in all pregnancies, in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and in (low‐risk) pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.ResultsThere were 811 534 singleton births between 2007 and 2017. Preterm birth increased from 5.9% (4074 births) to 6.4% (4893 births; P < .001), due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth from 2.5% (1730 births) to 3.6% (2730 births; P < .001). Comparable trends were seen in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems and hypertension and in pregnancies not complicated by small for gestational age (SGA), hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM (all P < .001). In pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM the perinatal mortality rate from 20 weeks of gestation fell (13 to 12 per 1000 births; P < .001). In pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM there was no significant change in the perinatal mortality from 28 weeks and no decrease in the preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk.ConclusionsThe singleton preterm birth rate in Victoria is increasing, driven by an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth, both in pregnancies complicated by SGA and hypertension, and in pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM. While perinatal mortality decreased in the pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM, no significant reduction in perinatal mortality from 28 weeks or in preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk was noted in the pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.
Covert rewilding: Modelling the detection of an unofficial translocation of Tasmanian devils to the Australian mainland
Authors: Bode Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCovert rewilding is the secret and illegal translocation of species in the pursuit of conservation objectives. Recent history contains multiple covert rewilding events, frequently occurring after official permission was denied. In order to better understand the phenomenon, I formulate covert rewilding as an optimisation problem, with the goal of creating a population that is too large to be eradicated once it is detected. I then consider a hypothetical covert rewilding of Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii to the Australian mainland. Three different release locations would allow a covert devil population to remain undetected for years, by which time its size and distribution may preclude eradication. Optimal release locations also represent optimal locations for official surveillance, but a more effective approach to halting covert rewilding could be a more permissive stance towards legal rewilding.
STAT3 and its targeting inhibitors in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yun , Liao Shijie , Bennett Samuel , Tang Haijun , Song Dezhi , Wood David , Zhan Xinli , Xu Jiake 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of seven STAT family members involved with the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and survival. STAT proteins are conserved among eukaryotes and are important for biological functions of embryogenesis, immunity, haematopoiesis and cell migration. STAT3 is widely expressed and located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. STAT3 is rapidly and transiently activated by tyrosine phosphorylation by a range of signalling pathways, including cytokines from the IL‐6 family and growth factors, such as EGF and PDGF. STAT3 activation and subsequent dimer formation initiates nuclear translocation of STAT3 for the regulation of target gene transcription. Four STAT3 isoforms have been identified, which have distinct biological functions. STAT3 is considered a proto‐oncogene and constitutive activation of STAT3 is implicated in the development of various cancers, including multiple myeloma, leukaemia and lymphomas. In this review, we focus on recent progress on STAT3 and osteosarcoma (OS). Notably, STAT3 is overexpressed and associated with the poor prognosis of OS. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in OS appears to upregulate the expression of target oncogenes, leading to OS cell transformation, proliferation, tumour formation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. Taken together, STAT3 is a target for cancer therapy, and STAT3 inhibitors represent potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of OS.
Systematic bias in studies of consumer functional responses
Authors: Novak Mark , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFunctional responses are a cornerstone to our understanding of consumer–resource interactions, so how to best describe them using models has been actively debated. Here we focus on the consumer dependence of functional responses to evidence systematic bias in the statistical comparison of functional‐response models and the estimation of their parameters. Both forms of bias are universal to nonlinear models (irrespective of consumer dependence) and are rooted in a lack of sufficient replication. Using a large compilation of published datasets, we show that – due to the prevalence of low sample size studies – neither the overall frequency by which alternative models achieve top rank nor the frequency distribution of parameter point estimates should be treated as providing insight into the general form or central tendency of consumer interference. We call for renewed clarity in the varied purposes that motivate the study of functional responses, purposes that can compete with each other in dictating the design, analysis and interpretation of functional‐response experiments.
Phenotypic structure of plant facilitation networks
Authors: Navarro‐Cano Jose Antonio , Goberna Marta , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Verdú Miguel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentifying the plant traits that determine the outcome of facilitation interactions is essential to understand how communities are assembled and can be restored. Plant facilitation networks are phylogenetically structured but which traits are behind such a pattern is unknown. We sampled plant interactions in stressful ecosystems from south‐eastern Spain to build seedling and adult facilitation networks. We collected 20 morphological and ecophysiological traits for 151 species involved in interactions between 879 nurse individuals benefiting 24 584 seedlings and adults. We detected a significant phenotypic signal in the seedling facilitation network that was maintained in the adult network, whereby functionally similar nurses tended to facilitate functionally similar species whose traits differ from those of their nurses. We provide empirical evidence to support a long‐lasting theoretical postulate stating that facilitation networks are phenotypically structured. Trait matching through which nurse and facilitated species avoid phenotypic overlap, and consequently competition, is the main linkage rule shaping plant facilitation networks.
The effect of red wine in modifying the salivary pellicle and modulating dental erosion kinetics
Authors: Carvalho Thiago S. , Pham Khoa N. , Niemeyer Samira H. , Baumann Tommy 
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the potential of red wine in modulating dental erosion kinetics in the presence or absence of salivary pellicle. Polished human enamel specimens were used in two conditions; presence or absence of acquired enamel pellicle; and subdivided according to exposure: red wine, orange juice, apple juice, or citric acid. The specimens were incubated in clarified whole human saliva (presence of acquired enamel pellicle) or in a humid chamber (absence of acquired enamel pellicle) for 2 h at 37°C, then in the test substances for 1 min, at 25°C, under shaking. This was repeated four times. Surface hardness was measured initially and after each cycle and surface reflection intensity was measured initially and after all cycles. In the presence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine caused the least surface hardness loss, followed by orange juice, apple juice, and citric acid. Statistically significantly less surface reflection intensity loss was observed for red wine and orange juice than for apple juice and citric acid. In the absence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine and orange juice caused less surface hardness loss than apple juice and citric acid. Orange juice showed the least surface reflection intensity loss, followed by red wine, citric acid, and apple juice. The polyphenol composition of these drinks can notably modulate the erosion kinetics.
High‐strength medium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics up to 1800°C
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Fei , Wang Xin‐Gang , Yang Qing‐Qing , Dong Hong‐Liang , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Jiang Dan‐Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMedium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics were prepared by hot pressing a dual‐phase medium‐entropy carbide powder with low oxygen content (0.45 wt%). The results demonstrate that the medium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics sintered at 2100°C had a relative density of 99.2% and an average grain size of 1.9 ± 0.6 μm. The flexural strength of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C carbide ceramics at room temperature was 579 ± 62 MPa. With an increase in temperature to 1600°C, the flexural strength showed an increase up to 619 ± 57 MPa, and had no significant degradation even up to 1800°C. The high‐temperature flexural strengths of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C were obviously higher than those of the monocarbide ceramics (TiC, ZrC, and HfC). The primary strengthening mechanism in (Ti,Zr,Hf)C could be attributed to the high lattice parameter mismatch effects between TiC and ZrC, which not only inhibited the fast grain coarsening of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics, but also increased the grain‐boundary strength of the obtained ceramics.
One‐step versus two‐step distal self‐expandable metal stent placement: A multicenter prospective randomized trial
Authors: Shimizu Shuya , Naitoh Itaru , Okumura Fumihiro , Hirano Atsuyuki , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Nishi Yuji , Takada Hiroki , Haneda Kenichi , Anbe Kaiki , Yoshida Michihiro , Kondo Hiromu , Sano Hitoshi , Hayashi Kazuki , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimTwo methods of transpapillary covered self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement are used for distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO): after initial drainage by plastic stent (two‐step method) and without previous drainage (one‐step method).MethodsIn total, 90 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and distal MBO were enrolled in this prospective multicenter randomized study and allocated to one‐step (n = 45) and two‐step (n = 45) groups. The main outcome was the time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO). Secondary outcomes were the rates of early and late adverse events, survival time, the time required for bilirubin level reduction, and cost‐effectiveness.ResultsThe median TRBO did not differ significantly between the one‐step and two‐step groups (not available vs 314 days, P = 0.134). SEMS migration occurred significantly more frequently in the two‐step group (14.3% vs 0%, P = 0.026). No significant difference was observed between groups in early (7.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.483) or late (12.2% and 11.9%, P = 1) adverse events other than RBO, survival time (P = 0.104), or the median number of days required to reach a bilirubin level considered to be acceptable for chemotherapy administration (<3 mg/dL; P = 0.881). The total costs of stent placement and reintervention were significantly lower in the one‐step SEMS group (3347 vs 5465 US dollars, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe superiority of TRBO with two‐step SEMS placement was not demonstrated. One‐step SEMS placement might be a promising method from the viewpoints of cost‐effectiveness and less invasiveness (UMIN‐CTR clinical trial registration number: UMIN000016010).
Redesign of an informed consent form to increase participation in a school‐based dental program
Authors: Mantilla Rodriguez Andres A. , Soto Armando , Martinez Mier E. Angeles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to determine if modifications to the design of a consent form and consenting process increased participation rates in the Indiana University School of Dentistry's Mobile School‐Based Dental Program (Seal Indiana).MethodsKaizen methodology was followed to identify problem areas in the consenting process. Additionally, stakeholders were invited to participate in focus groups and fill out surveys to identify issues preventing participation in the Seal Indiana program (N = 48) and later to evaluate the changes made (N = 48). The redesigned form and process were then used in a pilot study at 14 sites to determine the impact that changes had on levels of participation as measured by the number of consent forms completed and returned.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in the number of consent forms returned. The measured change represented a 32 percent increase in program participation (P value = 0.035). A statistically significant increase was observed in how participants viewed the attractiveness of the form and how easy it was to read and comprehend.ConclusionsIn order to increase consenting rates, our results indicate modifications to the consent form should be focused on the following characteristics: esthetics, ease of reading and comprehending information, and making the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) privacy regulations easier to read and comprehend.
Genealogical concordance, comparative species delimitation, and the specific status of the Caspian pipefish Syngnathus caspius (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)
Authors: Zarei Fatah , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Abbasi Keyvan , Sayyadzadeh Golnaz , Eagderi Soheil , Coad Brian W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the specific validity of the Caspian pipefish Syngnathus caspius, we used a comparative molecular species delimitation method on a COI barcode library of Syngnathus, as well as principles of genealogical concordance. Comparative species delimitation allowed us to delineate putative species without a priori assignment of individuals to nominal species, while genealogical concordance extended our species delimitation results to multiple genes, multiple codistributed species, and comparisons with biogeographic evidence. All species delimitation analyses including two topology‐based, one network‐based, and one distance‐based analysis showed genetically isolated lineages of pipefish in the Black and Caspian Sea, corresponding to S. abaster and S. caspius, respectively. Mean evolutionary divergence between the two lineages (0.029) was within the range separating species of Syngnathus (0.024–0.217). The interclade/intraclade ratio of variation was comparable to the operational criterion of divergence between clades greater or equal to 10 × the level within clades to recognize separate species. Our argument on taxonomic validity of S. caspius is also supported by the principles of genealogical concordance as a conceptual basis for recognition of biological species. As a second objective, using a limited number of S. caspius specimens from two semi‐confined water bodies along the Caspian Sea south coastal zone (i.e., Anzali Wetland in the west and Gorgan Bay in the east), we searched for a possible matrilineal structure. The retrieved phylogeographic pattern was characterized by a shallow genealogy and lineage distributions varied, most probably caused by low to modest contemporary gene flow between populations of S. caspius across the southern Caspian Sea that are linked tightly through history.
Mental distress among adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: de Rooij Willemijn E. , Bennebroek Evertsz' Floor , Lei A. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTRationaleData on the prevalence of mental distress among adult eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients are scarce. Also, a significant gap remains in the understanding of which determinants are related to significant psychological symptoms and whether distressed patients require and receive mental care.MethodsAdult EoE patients were invited to complete standardized measures on anxiety/depressive symptoms (HADS) and general psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R). All scores were compared to general population norms. Socio‐demographic and clinical factors were assessed.ResultsIn total, 147 adult EoE patients (61% males, age 43 (IQR 29–52) years were included (response rate 71%). No difference with general population values was found for total anxiety and depressive symptoms (7.8 ± 6.6 vs. 8.4 ± 6.3; p = 0.31). A total of 38/147(26%) patients reported high levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms (HADS‐A ≥ 8: 35/147(24%) and HADS‐D ≥ 8: 14/147(10%)), indicative of a possible psychiatric disorder. In a multivariate analysis, age between 18–35 years was independently associated with high levels of anxiety (HADS‐A ≥ 8) (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–6.9; p = 0.01). The SCL‐90‐R Global Severity Index (GSI) was significantly higher compared to the general population (p < 0.001). Significant signs of general mental distress (GSI ≥ 80th percentile) were observed in 51(36%) EoE patients, of which 29(57%) patients denied having any mental problems and only 8(16%) patients received mental care.ConclusionA considerable proportion of adult EoE patients suffers from mental distress, with a 3‐fold risk of significant anxiety in those patients younger than 35 years. Therefore, population‐based studies are required and a proactive approach in the screening for and treatment of these psychological symptoms in EoE practice seems essential.
Long‐term sirolimus treatment in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Weiss Doris , Teichler Anne , Hoeger Peter H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare vascular syndrome characterized by continuous eruption of vascular nodules in the skin, mucous membranes, and solid organs due to somatic activating mutations of the angiopoietin receptor TEK gene. It may be complicated by acute life‐threatening hemorrhage and localized intravascular coagulation. We report an 11‐year‐old girl with complicated blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome treated with sirolimus since the age of 2. We review the literature on sirolimus therapy for children with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
Network optimization approach to delineating health care service areas: Spatially constrained Louvain and Leiden algorithms
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Wang Fahui , Onega Tracy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConstructing service areas is an important task for evaluating geographic variations of health care markets. This study uses cancer care as an example to illustrate the methodology, with the nine‐state Northeast Region of the USA as the study area. Two recent algorithms of network community detection are implemented to account for additional constraints such as spatial connectivity and threshold region size. The refined methods are termed “spatially constrained Louvain” (ScLouvain) and “spatially constrained Leiden” (ScLeiden) algorithms, corresponding to their predecessors the Louvain and Leiden algorithms, respectively. Both are network optimization methods that maximize flows within delineated communities while minimizing inter‐community flows. The service areas derived by the methods, termed “cancer service areas”, are more favorable than the commonly used comparable unit, hospital referral regions, for evaluating cancer‐specific variations in care. Between the two, the ScLeiden performs better than the ScLouvain in terms of modularity, localization index and computational efficiency, and thus is recommended as an effective and efficient approach for defining functional regions.