bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Plasticity in a Wild Freshwater Fish,&nbsp;Systomus&nbsp;Sarana&nbsp;(Cyprinidae) from India: A Glimpse Through Advanced Morphometric Toolkits
Authors: Gupta Deepmala , Dwivedi Arvind Kumar , Tripathi Madhu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBody morphology supposed to underpin a wide differences of animal performance that can be used to understand diversification of characters. Further, identifying fish population with unique shape due to variations in their morphometric characters enables better management of these subunits. Advanced statistical toolkits of morphometry called truss network system and geometric morphometrics have been increasingly used for detecting variations in morphological traits. Present study was carried out with the objective of determining whether there are morphological characteristics that separate freshwater fish Systomus sarana from different groups.MethodsIn the present study, 154 specimens of olive barb, S. sarana were collected from four distantly located rivers covering the northern (Ganga), southern (Godavari), central (Narmada) and eastern (Mahanadi) regions of India. Truss-network system and geometric morphometrics have been utilized. Fourteen landmarks were digitized uniformly on each specimen, In the present study, truss network system yielded size-corrected morphometric characters were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical assessment.ResultsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) presented significant differences among 63 out of 90 variables (p < 0.05). Truss approach includes principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) while geometric approach includes PCA, DFA, canonical variate analysis (CVA), partial least square (PLS), the relative warp (RW) and wireframes. CVA extracted Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances among groups found to be highly significant (p < 0.0001). In linear DFA, the overall assignment of correctly classified individuals into their original groups was 86.2% for Ganga, 86.1% for the Godavari, 93.9% for the Narmada and 92.9% for Mahanadi population.ConclusionsThe results revealed significant variations in the morphometric characters which were reflected in the shape of different body features of the studied populations. Both methods revealed analogous results, and significant differences among groups in examined features. Our results suggest that S. sarana shows morphological plasticity across different rivers in India. This study supports the concept that geographical isolation among fish populations can lead to morphological variations.
Erythrotropin for Treating Anemia in Multiple Myeloma: Response to Treatment and Survival
Authors: Jiang Yu , Cao Di , Xu Juan , Niu Ting , Wu Yu , Zhu Huanling , Zheng Suping , Liao Xiaomei , Xu Caigang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Anemia is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM). Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and blood transfusions are two general treatments for anemia.
Methods

In a retrospective study, we compared the efficacy and treatment response of rhEPO to those of blood transfusions on anemia and sought to determine its prognostic value in for these patients. The 94 patients who received rhEPO were divided into high-dose (≥160,000 U/month) and low-dose (< 160,000 U/month) groups; 97 other patients received blood transfusions.
Results

Patients receiving rhEPO had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations after 3 (112.65 v. 86.10 dg/L) and 6 (128.96 v. 91.41 dg/L) months of treatment (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Furthermore, the high-dose rhEPO group had higher mean hemoglobin concentrations than those of the low-dose group after 3 (41 v. 34 g/L) and 6 (57 v. 49 g/L) months of treatment, respectively. The risks of death and relapse were significantly lower in patients receiving either dose of rhEPO that in the transfusion group. Receiving rhEPO was associated with better overall and progression-free survival (68 v. 52 months, 39 v. 27 months).
Conclusions

We believe rhEPO should be preferred to blood transfusions for treating the anemia associated with MM.
Bayesian Response Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials With a Time-trend: Application to a Real Trial
Authors: Jiang Yunyun , Zhao Wenle , Durkalski-Mauldin Valerie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

In clinical trials with a large sample size, time-trend in response rates can affect the performance of Bayesian response adaptive randomization (BRAR).
Methods

To evaluate this impact, we utilize data from a previously completed randomized controlled trial that used a fixed 1:1 allocation. Subject response data from this study demonstrate a clear time-trend in the control group, but not in the treatment group. In this simulation study, we re-assign patients to treatment groups based on a BRAR algorithm, to examine the performance of BRAR as measured by the treatment effect estimation, the probability of early stopping, and the shift in adaptive allocation.
Results

Results from specific simulated study scenario show that in the presence of a time-trend, the timing of the first interim analysis is critical for the efficacy/futility decision making. Compared with fixed equal allocation, BRAR results in a higher probability of premature early stopping when time-trend effect exists. The magnitude of such impact varies among different BRAR algorithms.
Conclusions

Influential factors such as time trend, should be considered when planning the implementation of BRAR in large trials.
Trial Registration:
URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00235495. Registered on October 10, 2005.
Bioclimatic Zonation and Potential Distribution of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Kivu Province, DR Congo
Authors: Cokola Marcellin Cuma , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Bisimwa Espoir Basengere , Grégoire Noël , Bugeme David Mugisho , Chuma Géant Basimine , Byamungu Adrien Ndeko , Francis Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: the fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is currently a devastating pest throughout the world due to its dispersal capacity and voracious feeding behaviour on several crops. A MaxEnt species distributions model (SDM) was developed based on collected FAW occurrence and environmental data’s. Bioclimatic zones were identified and the potential distribution of FAW in South Kivu, eastern DR Congo, was predicted.Results: Mean annual temperature (bio1), annual rainfall (bio12), temperature seasonality (bio4) and longest dry season duration (llds) mainly affected the FAW potential distribution. The average area under the curve value of the model was 0.827 demonstrating the model efficient accuracy. According to Jackknife test of variable importance, the annual rainfall was found to correspond to the highest gain when used in isolation. FAWs’ suitable areas where this pest is likely to be present in South Kivu province are divided into two corridors. The Eastern corridor covering the Eastern areas of Kalehe, Kabare, Walungu, Uvira and Fizi territories and the Western corridor covering the Western areas of Kalehe, Kabare, Walungu and Mwenga. Conclusions: This research provides important information on the distribution of FAW and bioclimatic zones in South Kivu. Given the rapid spread of the insect and the climatic variability observed in the region that favor its development and dispersal, it would be planned in the future to develop a monitoring system and effective management strategies to limit it spread and crop damage.
The effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Virulence Genes Expression
Authors: abdelraheem wedad , Mohamed Ebtisam S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, infectious disease remains a public health problem worldwide. Aim: The current study was designed to examine the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO –np) against the biofilm formation ability of P.aeruginosa clinical isolates and to study its effect on the expression level of the genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence factors production. Methodology: The MIC of ZnO –np against P. aeruginosa was determined by the broth microdilution method. The Effect of ZnO –np on the biofilm-forming isolates of P. aeruginosa was monitored by the microtiter plate method. P.aeruginosa isolates were tested for the expression of different biofilm and virulence genes using real-time rt-PCR. Results: ZnO –np significantly downregulated the expression level of all biofilm and virulence genes of P.aeruginosa clinical isolates except the toxA gene. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the promising use of ZnO –np as an anti-biofilm and anti-virulence compound.
Study on the application of a new type of vertebral plate nail guide
Authors: Sun Ma ji , Wang Qiu an , Zhang Xing chen , Guo Kaijin , Yuan Feng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective :To explore the safety and accuracy of the novel C2 laminar staple guide through in vitro experiments. Methods 40 cases of cervical spine 3D CT data were selected to produce the same two sets of 3D printed specimens (groups a and b), and the self-made guide was used to assist nail placement on group a specimens (group A: guide nail placement group), and group b Laminate nails were placed free-hand on the specimens (group B: free-hand nailing group), and a three-dimensional modeled simulated nailing was reconstructed on the computer (group C: 3D simulated nailing group). Simultaneously measure the danger level, the position of the needle exit point and the inclination angle of the screw placement position of each group. Results :In group A, 75 screws were acceptable and 5 were dangerous. The acceptable rate was 93%, and the double cortical rate was 92%. There were 62 position-acceptable screws in group B, and 18 positions were dangerous, with an acceptable rate of 77% and a double cortical rate of 32%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of the needle point and the inclination angle of the nail channel between group A and group C (ideal nail channel). There was no significant difference between groups A and C (ideal nail channel). The comparison of the inclination angle of the nail channel is statistically significant (P <0.05). The results show that the screw assisted by the guide is closer to the ideal nail channel, which is safer than the manual nail placement, and can effectively improve the double cortical rate. Conclusion: The guide is universal, with stable structure, accurate guidance, and easy operation. It can be placed with bilateral lamina screws at the same time, shortening the time of nail placement, avoiding the collision of two-way cross screws, increase the rate of double cortex. Ultimately, efficiency and security can be improved.
Different Associations between High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetic and Non-diabetic People: A Prospective Community-based Study
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Huang Zhe , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Jin Cheng , Chen Shuohua , Hu Frank B , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Experimental studies found that the functionality of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may be lost in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). We prospectively tested whether DM modified the association between HDL-C concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: Included were 91,354 Chinese adults (8,244 participants with DM and 83,110 participants without DM) without use of lipid-lowering drugs and free of CVD or cancer at baseline (2006). The primary endpoint of interest was a composite of CVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke). Cumulative average HDL-C concentrations were calculated from all available HDL-C measures at baseline (2006) and during the follow-up period (2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014).Results: During a mean of 10.4 year of follow-up, there were 5,076 CVD events identified. Presence of DM significantly modified the association between HDL-C concentrations and CVD risk (Pinteraction =0.003). The association between HDL-C concentrations and CVD followed a U-shaped curve in individuals without DM (Pnonlinearity <0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CVD was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.48) for HDL-C concentrations <1.04 mmol/L and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.56-2.07) for HDL-C concentrations >2.07 mmol/L, relative to the lowest risk group (HDL-C concentrations of 1.30-1.42mmol/L). In participants with DM, higher HDL-C concentrations were associated with a higher risk of CVD, in a dose-response manner (Pnonlinearity =0.44; Ptrend <0.001). The adjusted HR of CVD was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.20-2.20) for HDL-C concentrations >2.07 mmol/L, relative to HDL-C concentrations of 1.30-1.42mmol/L. Conclusion: High HDL-C concentrations were paradoxically associated with increased risk of composite CVD outcomes in individuals with or without DM. However, low HDL-C concentrations failed to predict future CVD risk in individuals with DM.
Is Carbon Decoupling Likely to Happen in Africa: Evidence from Production and Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions
Authors: Tenaw Dagmawe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Decoupling is a green growth concept suggested as a means to achieve economic growth without or with less environmental risks. Despite extensive empirical studies made on decoupling between emissions and growth, the existing evidence is quite mixed and inconclusive. On top of that, the vast majority of studies considered emissions generated at the point of production alone which do not explicitly account for emissions associated with international trade. Accordingly, this study examines the issue of decoupling between carbon emissions and economic growth in 25 African countries over 1990-2017, considering both production and consumption-based CO2 emissions. Results The results from decoupling method and panel data estimation techniques invariably indicate some evidence of relative decoupling for production-based emissions, but no robust evidence of decoupling for consumption-related emissions. Primary energy intensity and population are found as the main drivers of carbon emissions in Africa. Further, exports and imports have insignificant effects on territorial emissions, but significant and offsetting effects on consumption-based emissions. Conclusion The main conclusion of the study is to incorporate emissions generated from consumption activities in emissions-growth linkage as production-related emissions alone would evidently be insufficient for decarbonizing economic growth. The study also suggests that climate policy measures in Africa are not fully-effective in mitigating carbon emissions and hence the need for enforcing active policy interventions and consumption-related emissions regulation in particular.
Use of Hyaluronic Acid Injection after Arthroscopic Release in Lateral Patellar Compression Syndrome with Degenerative Cartilage Changes: Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Hamawandi Sherwan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDegenerative cartilage changes can be seen, in cases of lateral patellar compression syndrome, involving the patellofemoral joint. Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of the synovial fluid and responsible for its elastic features and function of articular surfaces. The aim of this study is to show the effect of intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid, after arthroscopic lateral release in lateral patellar compression syndrome, on the functional outcome and knee pain in those patients with degenerative cartilage changes. MethodNinety patients age (30-50) years with lateral patellar compression syndrome and degenerative cartilage changes were divided randomly into 2 groups. Group A was treated by arthroscopic lateral release and received intrarticular injection of Hyaluronic acid 2 weeks after surgery. Group B was treated by arthroscopic lateral release only. Both groups were assessed by Kujala score and visual analogue scale for knee pain preoperatively and re-assessed postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months.ResultsThere was significant improvement in Kujala score and Visual analogue scale post-operatively in both groups (P-value<0.001) with better improvement in Kujala score in group A after intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid up to 2 year of follow up (P-value=0.006) as well as better improvement in visual analogue score at 6 months post-operatively (P-value=0.035)ConclusionIntra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid after arthroscopic release, in patients with lateral patellar compression syndrome and degenerative cartilage changes, can result in better improvement of knee pain and functional outcome up to 2 years of follow up.Trial registration: NCT, NCT04134611. Registered 18 October 2019 -Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04134611
Genomic Profiling in ctDNA Revealing Complicated Resistance Mechanism of Olaparib and Abiraterone as Salvage Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Yuan Fang , Liu Nan , Luo Hong , Zhang XiaoTian , Yang MingZhen , Zhou Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: PARP inhibitor, e.g. Olaparib, displayed superior clinical effect in metastatic castration prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with deleterious mutations of DNA damage repair genes (DDR) as reported recently. Besides, for mCRPC patients without DDR alterations, a combination of Olaparib and abiraterone may achieve an acceptable clinical outcome as indicated by researches. However, these previous clinical studies involved patients strictly following inclusion criteria. In real-world situations, where the situation of patients is more complicated, the efficacy of salvage treatment of Olaparib with or without abiraterone-prednisone remains to be unclear. Case presentation: The present case displayed a 61-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC) and proceeding into mCRPC after several kinds of standard therapies. Surprisingly, the patient had a well TPSA response and remission of symptoms for four months by taking Olaparib combined with abiraterone-prednisone, basing on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). The resistance of Olaparib was occurred with slowly increasing serum TPSA level again.Conclusion: Resistance mechanism as discovered by comprehensive genomics profiling. The major concern was that two somatic reversion mutations occurred in PALB2 recovering its reading framer storing the function of the primary PALB2 mutation and caused the resistance to a PARP inhibitor.
Esophageal Leiomyoma and Simultaneous Overlying Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mehrabi Saadat , Barhaghtalab Mohammad Javad Yavari , Hejazinia Safoora , Saedi Hossein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common epithelial tumor of the esophagus. Upper endoscopy with multiple minimally invasive biopsies should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Leiomyoma of esophagus is rare, but it’s the most common benign submucosal mesenchymal tumor of the esophagus. The simultaneous occurrence of an overlying epithelial lesion and a mesenchymal lesion is very rare. This study aims to show a case operated due to squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus that was postoperatively diagnosed with coexistent esophageal leiomyoma and provide a clear overview of the existing literature on it. Case presentation: The patient was a 41-year-old lady who underwent three field esophagectomy (McKeown). In reviewing the pathology slides, the patient had poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and also multiple leiomyomas. A leiomyoma was coexisted with an invading overlying squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: It is concluded that esophageal carcinomas may coexist with leiomyomas; preexisting benign tumors may have played an important role in the development of carcinoma by inducing constant stimulation of the overlying mucosa; endoscopic ultrasonography is recommended to avoid overestimating the extent of tumor invasion and the resultant aggressive radical surgery; and esophageal resection is still the modality of choice in treatment in developing countries and also countries with limited equipment.
When Can Be Safely Performed Total Knee Arthroplasty Following Prior Arthroscopy?
Authors: Ma Jin-Ning , Li Xiao-Lin , Liang Pan , Yu Sheng-Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The optimal time to perform a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after knee arthroscopy (KA) was controversial in the literature. We aimed to 1) explore the effect of prior KA on the subsequent TKA; 2) identify who were not suitable for TKA in patients with prior KA; and 3) determine the timing of TKA following prior KA.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 87 TKAs with prior KA and 174 controls using propensity score matching in our institution. The minimum followup was 2 years. Postoperative clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were created with reoperation as an end point. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to identify risk factors of severe complications in the KA group. The two-piecewise linear regression analysis was performed to examine the optimal timing of TKA following prior KA.
Results
The all-cause reoperation, revision and complication rates of KA group were significantly higher than those of control group (p < 0.05). The survivorship of KA group and control group was 92.0% and 99.4% at the 2-year followup (p = 0.002), respectively. Male (Hazards ratio [HR] = 3.2) and prior KA for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (HR = 4.4) were associated with postoperative complications in the KA group. There was a non-liner relationship between time from prior KA to TKA and postoperative complications with the turning point at 9.4 months.
Conclusion
Prior KA is associated with worse outcomes following subsequent TKA, especially male patients and those with prior KA for ACL injury. The optimal timing of TKA may be 9 months after prior KA. Surgeons should keep these findings in mind when treating patients who are scheduled to undergo TKA with prior KA.
Graphene Oxide Exacerbates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis via ROS/AMPK/p53 Signaling to Mediate Apoptosis
Authors: Liu Siliang , Xu Angao , Xie Yue , Liu Zhipeng , Sun Meiling , Gao Yanfei , Mao Hua , Wang Xinying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has immense utility in biomedicine. However, it exerts potential cytotoxic effects on the cells of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. We investigated the potential toxic effect of GO in the intestinal tract under pre-existing inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and elucidated these mechanisms.Results: Our findings indicated that oral gavage of GO worsened acute colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. In vitro, the uptake of GO resulted in decreased cell viability, as well as elevated release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, IECs exposed to GO treatment triggered apoptosis through activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMPK/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytochrome c (Cytc), Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and a specific inhibitor of AMPK activation, Compound C, effectively inhibited GO-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that GO aggravated DSS-induced acute colitis in mice could involve GO-induced IEC apoptosis via activation of the ROS/AMPK/p53 pathway. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD induced by environmental factors and enhance our understanding of GO as an environmental toxin. This study demonstrates the cytotoxic effect exerted by environmental toxins such as GO and its derivatives, and aids in informing risk of exposure to patients with disturbed intestinal epithelial barrier/inflammatory disorders such as IBD.