bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship‐based care model in paediatrics: A randomized controlled trial to implement the parents’ perception of the quality of nursing care
Authors: De Barbieri Ilaria , Sisti Davide , Di Falco Achille , Galeazzo Marilena , Amatori Stefano , Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi , Perilongo Giorgio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether the application of the Relationship‐based care model as a new treatment, called "Take 5 min", affects the level of anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of nursing care of parents of paediatric patients and the work satisfaction of the nursing staff.DesignSingle‐blind randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe trial was performed from February–July 2016. The trial was conducted with one intervention (N = 101) and one control group (N = 90). Nurses applied the treatment named “Take 5 Minutes”, which consisted of dedicating some short time (from 5 to 10 min) to the relationship with the parents using specifically designed communication strategies. The primary outcome was the evaluation of anxiety and depression of parents; the secondary was the parent perceived quality of nursing care.ResultsIn the experimental group, participants had a lower level of anxiety and depression and highlighted that the effect of the “Take 5 Minutes” was proportional to the initial seriousness of parents’ anxiety and depression. Higher scores for the perception of the quality of care were given from the parents of the experimental group.ConclusionThe “Take 5 Minutes” treatment offered to parents of paediatric patients demonstrated significant improvements in terms of their anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of nursing care.ImpactCaregivers of paediatric patients are subject to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The communication by the nursing community is of fundamental importance in the management of anxiety and depression in the caregivers of hospitalized patients. Caregivers who received the “Take 5 Minutes” treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety and depression compared with the control group caregivers. The perceived level of quality of nursing care showed a significant increase in the group of caregivers who received the T5M treatment. The RBC model does not require extra costs for health organizations and can be applied during the usual practice of care. Practices such as T5M could become part of paediatric patient care guidelines and nurses should be trained to apply them.Trial Registration NumberPadua Research: ID No. 10,034; ClinicalTrials.gov: ID No. NCT04199429.
A Critique of the Neurodiversity View
Authors: Nelson Ryan H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe neurodiversity view makes both a conceptual and a political claim. Conceptually, the neurodiversity view holds that certain neurocognitive differences currently classified as disorders—autism, most notably—are best understood as forms of diversity. Politically, it holds that, rather than being medicalized and ‘treated’, neurodiversity ought to be respected in the way other human differences—such as differences in race and sexual orientation—are respected. In this article, I challenge the arguments given in support of neurodiversity’s conceptual claim, while defending its political aims of respect, inclusion, and accommodation. Although neurodiversity provides a compelling challenge to the status quo, I conclude that its most prominent arguments fall short of establishing that autism is not a disorder. As I go on to argue, however, the fact that autism is a disorder does not entail that medicalization is the only course. My view is ultimately that social change and medical intervention need not be considered mutually exclusive.
Genetic parameters of morphometric measurements in Criollo horses
Authors: Müller Vitória , Moraes Bruna dos Santos Suñé , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Wendt Camila Gervini , Patten Ruth Dunford , Nogueira Carlos Edurado Wayne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for the morphometric measurements of withers height (WH), thoracic circumference (TC) and cannon bone circumference (CBC) of Criollo horses, stratified for maternal and paternal effects. Statistical genetic design of factor crossings was used to evaluate the offspring of full siblings and half‐siblings. Fifty stallions were selected (n = 50) who had been crossed with six mares each (n = 6), to provide 300 parental pairings in which two offspring were born per mare (n = 600). WH in females and TC in males were highly influenced by additive genetic effects, while the other morphometric measures were found to be closely related to the general effects of the environment. WH had the greatest additive genetic influence on female offspring (47.06%), while TC presented the greatest additive genetic influence on male offspring (58.73%). When comparing the parental influence on the morphometric characteristics evaluated, TC and CBC had greater additive genetic influence from maternal effects, regardless of offspring sex. However, the WH in female offspring showed greater maternal additive genetic contribution, while in males this characteristic presented greater paternal additive genetic influence. For WH in male offspring, narrow sense heritability (: 0.26) was more influenced by paternal effects, while for WH in females (: 0.47), TC in females (: 0.08) and males (: 0.59), and CBC in females (: 0.07) and males (: 0.05) the maternal effects were the most important. Therefore, the phenotypic expression of WH in males and females and TC in males is influenced by the additive genetic effect of the genes. On the other hand, the TC in female progenies and CBC in progenies of both sexes are closely related to the effects of the environment. The results obtained in this study could be useful in the selection process of Criollo horses.
Assessing the potential of improving growth and survival to the eyed stage in selectively bred Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Palaiokostas Christos , Jeuthe Henrik , De Koning Dirk‐Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Arctic charr breeding programme has been a main driving force for developing the aquaculture industry in Sweden. Selection has been performed for almost 40 years using animals from a closed breeding nucleus. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of further improving growth‐related traits taking into account the existence of genotype‐by‐environment interaction. Furthermore, we investigated the magnitude of the genetic component associated with survival to the eyed stage and potential associations with inbreeding coefficients. A preliminary heritability estimate of 0.23 (SE0.20) was obtained for survival to the eyed stage using records spanning from 2000 to 2017 (n = 230). Moreover, moderate‐to‐high heritability estimates (0.27–0.49) were obtained for growth‐related traits (body weight and length), using animals from the latest generation of selection (year class 2017). Those animals (n = 2,776), originating from 55 full‐sib families, were split into two groups and reared in separate land‐based facilities of commercial fish farms in Sweden. The growth‐related traits were recorded twice in both sites when animals were of >1 and >2 years of age. Existence of sexual growth dimorphism was indicated with the males having on average 6%–8% higher total length and 22%–34% higher body weight. Furthermore, high genetic correlations regarding growth traits were obtained amongst animals reared at the two different sites (0.82–0.95). In addition, we assessed the accuracy of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)‐derived estimated breeding values (EBVs) when phenotypes from each rearing site were subsequently masked and used as a validation set. A mean prediction accuracy of 0.60 (length) and 0.64 (weight) were derived for both rearing sites. Overall, our results suggest that further growth improvements should be possible in the subsequent generations of selection. Finally, even though indications for the existence of an underlying genetic component(s) involved in survival to the eyed stage were obtained additional data will be required for elucidating its magnitude.
Towards an extended framework for the general dynamic theory of biogeography
Authors: Carey Mark , Boland John , Weigelt Patrick , Keppel Gunnar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe General Dynamic Model of island biogeography (GDM) explains patterns of species richness on volcanic hotspot archipelagos with respect to island age (T) and area (A), most commonly employing what we here call semi‐log ATT2 and LogATT2 models. These can be considered direct extensions of semi‐log and power law species‐area relationships (SARs), with a hump‐shaped function of T modelling drivers of biodiversity over and above area per se. We compare these and related models and investigate their conceptual and mathematical connections.LocationThe Azores, Galapagos, Hawaii, Marquesas, Society Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands and Aeolian archipelagos.TaxaVascular plants, birds, bryophytes, arthropods and molluscs.MethodsWe gathered species richness data from databases and published sources, resulting in 34 datasets for various taxa. We used the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) to compare the relative performance of models. We analysed the data at archipelago level and across archipelagos by using mixed effect models. We also calculated the relative time of expected peak diversity (Tpeak) from parameter estimates.ResultsIn almost three‐fourth of the cases the best model overall was one that contained only A or T rather than both predictors. There was greater variance between taxa than between archipelagos. Better dispersed taxa tended to reach peak diversity earlier. The most generally applicable of the models including T were the LogATT2 and LogTT2 models. These have important, previously unrecognized mathematical properties.Main ConclusionsSARs and species–time relationships should always be considered as potentially more parsimonious options. Considering the LogATT2 model as a modification of the power law S = cAz, where a lognormal function in T replaces the constant, c allows the construction of an extended framework for the GDM with incorporation of additional predictors such as measures of environmental heterogeneity and application beyond hotspot archipelagos.
Upper and lower treeline biogeographic patterns in semi‐arid pinyon‐juniper woodlands
Authors: Garbarino Matteo , Malandra Francesco , Dilts Thomas , Flake Sam , Montalto Luigi , Spinsante Susanna , Weisberg Peter J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimUpper and lower treelines are particularly exposed to a changing climate. It has been hypothesized that upper treelines are constrained by growing season temperature, whereas lower tree lines are water limited. We expect different causal mechanisms of upper versus lower tree line formation to generate distinct patterns of spatial heterogeneity. Here, we compare dynamics, spatial patterns and shape complexity of upper and lower tree lines of semi‐arid pinyon‐juniper woodlands.LocationToiyabe Range of the Nevada Great Basin (western US).TaxonPinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. and Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.)MethodsWithin 20 sample plots (10 along the upper and 10 along the lower tree line), we mapped tree canopies through photointerpretation of high‐resolution imagery. We performed point pattern analyses to compare the spatial arrangement of trees and used LANDSAT 30‐year time series and NDVI to understand the vegetation dynamics of these ecotones. We adopted the surface roughness method to measure tree line shape complexity.ResultsLower tree lines were denser and showed a stronger trend of increasing NDVI change over the 1984–2015 period. Trees at the lower tree line were more strongly aggregated than at the upper tree line at spatial scales ranging from 15 to 65 meters. Shape complexity was higher at upper tree lines, expressed by a higher mean surface roughness; however, the spatial structures of upper and lower tree lines were similar.Main conclusionsUpper tree line expansion of pinyon‐juniper woodlands in the study area has been limited and highly variable, but lower tree line downslope expansion into adjacent shrub steppe vegetation was evident. The expected difference between energy‐ and water‐limited tree lines did not manifest in the observed spatial structures. Differences in tree line shape complexity were not significant, although lower tree lines exhibited less complex shapes, likely because they have been more strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors.
The role of island physiography and oceanographic factors in shaping species richness and turnover of nesting seabird assemblages on islands across the south‐eastern Pacific
Authors: Gusmao Joao B. , Luna‐Jorquera Guillermo , Fernández Claudia , Luna Nicolás , Plaza Paula , Portflitt‐Toro Matías , Serratosa Juan , Nuñez Pamela , Varela Andrea I. , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimFor seabirds, food supplies and nest sites are largely driven by oceanographic gradients and island habitats, respectively. Research into seabirds’ ecological roles in insular ecosystems is crucial to understanding processes that structure seabird nesting assemblages. We examined the influence of island physiography and oceanographic factors on the spatial variation in α‐ and β‐diversity of nesting seabird assemblages.LocationSouth‐eastern Pacific Ocean.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe compiled data from 53 seabirds breeding on 41 coastal and oceanic islands using different sources: our field records, online databases, environmental reports and literature. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to describe the effect of island physiography (area, elevation and isolation) and oceanographic factors (surface temperature, salinity and primary productivity) on seabird species richness (α‐diversity). We applied multivariate GLM to test the effects of physiographic and oceanographic predictors on species composition (β‐diversity). We used Jaccard dissimilarities on species occurrences per island to calculate β‐diversity partitioned into turnover and nestedness. Polynomial models allowed us to model these metrics against geographical and environmental gradients and so analyse patterns in seabird β‐diversity across spatial scales.ResultsSpecies richness was highest in Galápagos, Pitcairn and Rapa Nui. Changes in seabird α‐diversity across islands were determined by island area and distance to South America but not by oceanographic variables. Physiographic and oceanographic factors were significant in determining β‐diversity. Changes in β‐diversity were mostly due to species replacement (β‐turnover) across three major island Systems (Galápagos Archipelago, Chilean coastal islands and oceanic islands of the south‐eastern Pacific). The contribution of β‐nestedness was restricted to small scales (within archipelagos).Main conclusionsPhysiographic and oceanographic factors explain species diversity of seabird assemblages on islands of the south‐eastern Pacific. Oceanographic variables did not affect species richness but significantly influenced species composition. Change in species composition reflects gradients across three marine biogeographical realms: Temperate South, Eastern Indo‐Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific. The low degree of species nestedness may reflect multiple evolutionary origins.
What drives diversification in a pantropical plant lineage with extraordinary capacity for long‐distance dispersal and colonization?
Authors: Larridon Isabel , Galán Díaz Javier , Bauters Kenneth , Escudero Marcial 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimColonization of new areas may entail shifts in diversification rates linked to biogeographical movement (dispersification), which may involve niche evolution if species were not exapted to new environments. Scleria (Cyperaceae) includes c. 250 species and has a pantropical distribution suggesting an extraordinary capacity for long‐distance dispersal and colonization. We investigate patterns of diversification in Scleria, and whether they are coupled with colonization events, climate niche shifts or both.LocationTropics and subtropics.TaxonNutrushes Scleria (Cyperaceae).MethodsWe used molecular data from three DNA regions sequenced for 278 accessions representing 140 Scleria taxa (53% of species) to develop a chronogram, model ancestral ranges and measure rates of diversification. Integrating data from 12,978 digitized and georeferenced herbarium records, we investigated niche evolution.ResultsHigh dispersal rates in Scleria, a genus with multiple dispersal syndromes, make reconstruction of ancestral ranges at deep nodes in the phylogeny highly equivocal. Main dispersal and colonization events involve movements from South to Central America (c. 19), from Africa to Madagascar (c. 12), from Asia to Oceania (c. 7), from Africa to South America (c. 7) and Central America to South America (c. 6). The two main shifts in diversification rates happened during the warm period of the Miocene.Main conclusionsDispersification from South America to Africa without climate niche shift seems to explain the diversification shift in section Hypoporum implying that species were exapted. Shifts in climate niche evolution predate the second shift in diversification rates suggesting lineages were exapted prior to biogeographical movements. Within subgenus Scleria, colonizations of Asia and Madagascar by sections Elatae and Abortivae, respectively, are coupled with niche shifts suggesting that these colonizations involved climate niche adaptation.
Differences between cardiac implantable electronic device envelopes evaluated in an animal model
Authors: Ip James E. , Xu Linna , Lerman Bruce B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) pocket related problems such as infection, hematoma, and device erosion cause significant morbidity and the clinical consequences are substantial. Bioabsorbable materials have been developed to assist in the prevention of these complications but there has not been any direct comparison of these adjunctive devices to reduce these complications. We sought to directly compare the TYRX absorbable antibacterial and CanGaroo extracellular matrix (ECM) envelopes in an animal model susceptible to these specific CIED‐related complications (i.e., skin erosion and infection).Methods and ResultsSixteen mice undergoing implantation with biopotential transmitters were divided into three groups (no envelope = 4, TYRX = 5, and CanGaroo = 7) and monitored for device‐related complications. Following 12 weeks of implantation, gross and histological analysis of the remaining capsules was performed. Three animals in the CanGaroo group (43%) had device erosion compared to none in the TYRX group. The remaining capsules excised at 12 weeks were qualitatively thicker following CanGaroo compared to TYRX and no envelope and histological evaluation demonstrated increased connective tissue with CanGaroo.ConclusionCanGaroo ECM envelopes did not reduce the incidence of device erosion and were associated with qualitatively thicker capsules and connective tissue staining at 12 weeks compared to no envelope or TYRX. Further studies regarding the use of these envelopes to prevent device erosion and their subsequent impact on capsule formation are warranted.
Prognostic value and immune cell infiltration of hypoxic phenotype‐related gene signatures in glioblastoma microenvironment
Authors: Xiao Kai , Tan Jun , Yuan Jian , Peng Gang , Long Wenyong , Su Jun , Xiao Yao , Xiao Qun , Wu Changwu , Qin Chaoying , Hu Lili , Liu Kaili , Liu Shunlian , Zhou Hao , Ning Yichong , Ding Xiaofeng , Liu Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant intracranial tumour with the highest proportion and lethality. It is characterized by invasiveness and heterogeneity. However, the currently available therapies are not curative. As an essential environmental cue that maintains glioma stem cells, hypoxia is considered the cause of tumour resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Growing evidence shows that immunotherapy focusing on the tumour microenvironment is an effective treatment for GBM; however, the current clinicopathological features cannot predict the response to immunotherapy and provide accurate guidance for immunotherapy. Based on the ESTIMATE algorithm, GBM cases of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set were classified into high‐ and low‐immune/stromal score groups, and a four‐gene tumour environment‐related model was constructed. This model exhibited good efficiency at forecasting short‐ and long‐term prognosis and could also act as an independent prognostic biomarker. Additionally, this model and four of its genes (CLECL5A, SERPING1, CHI3L1 and C1R) were found to be associated with immune cell infiltration, and further study demonstrated that these four genes might drive the hypoxic phenotype of perinecrotic GBM, which affects hypoxia‐induced glioma stemness. Therefore, these might be important candidates for immunotherapy of GBM and deserve further exploration.
Obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Vallim Ana Carolina , Gaio Eduardo José , Oppermann Rui Vicente , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Albandar Jasim M. , Susin Cristiano , Haas Alex Nogueira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo assess obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years in an urban sample of Brazilian adults.Materials and methodsA total of 1586 individuals were surveyed using a multistage probabilistic approach. Five years later, 635 individuals 14‐64 years old were re‐examined. An incident case of tooth loss was determined for a participant that had lost at least one tooth over time. Obesity was evaluated by calculating body mass index at baseline and by the change in obesity status over time.ResultsIncident cases of tooth loss were significantly more frequent among obese (47.1%) than normal‐weight individuals (32.4%) (p = .004). Obese individuals had 31% higher risk [relative risk (RR) =1.31; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.04‐1.65] for tooth loss than normal‐weight individuals adjusting for age, socio‐economic status, smoking, dental care and periodontitis. This association was significant for females (RR=1.47, 95%CI 1.08‐2.01), but not for males. The risk for tooth loss was also modified by presence of periodontitis at baseline and lifetime smoking exposure. There was an increased risk for tooth loss for those that remained obese than those that remained normal weight.ConclusionObesity is associated with higher risk for tooth loss. This association was modified by sex, periodontal status and smoking.