bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinema between Fable and Political Mythology
Authors: Uva Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the theoretical and critical substance of Sergio Leone’s filmography, referencing modern and postmodern thinkers. It argues that the conceptual foundation of Leone’s cinema is a postmodern attempt to deconstruct complexity through the collapse of universal narratives (Enlightenment, Idealism, and Marxism), using irony and allusions to catastrophic events such as concentration camps, war, and revolution. The chapter illustrates Leone’s approach to cinema in relation to his experience between popular and political film, labeling his work “political spectacle.” It then elaborates Leone’s politics in relation to the two major thinkers who most influenced the director: Antonio Gramsci and Ernst Jünger (including Gramsci’s “national-popular” concept). This chapter analyzes Leone’s work—his début, The Colossus of Rhodes (1961), the “Dollars Trilogy,” and the “Once Upon a Time Trilogy”—chronologically, indicating the evolution of his work and its references to Italian and American history, from Fascism to the Vietnam War.
The Welfare State on Autopilot
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Welfare State emerged during industrialization as a means to ensure the protection of citizens from illness, unemployment, and destitution. Yet, government social program commitments vary across nations, with some less affluent countries performing better than their more affluent counterparts, as demonstrated in league tables. Originating in medicine, the evidence-based policy movement has extended to the social arena, showing how public investments can produce public benefit. However, reviewing extant programs with regard to efficacy and efficiency has lagged.
Arnold Ventures
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Arnold Ventures, previously the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, incorporated the Coalition for Evidence-based Policy, begun by Jon Baron, in order to promote research in social programming. At the same time, the Pew Charitable Trust and the MacArthur Foundation used the Washington State Institute for Public Policy’s cost–benefit capacity to encourage states to deploy evidence-based programming. By the 2017, Arnold Ventures was committed to fund any credible randomized controlled trial to enhance services. The evidence movement culminated in the 2018 Evidence-based Policymaking Act, which requires federal agencies to develop an evaluation plan along with statistical and advisory capability in addition to standards to which states and private firms must comply in order to receive federal funds.
American Development Accounts
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because most benefits for poor Americans focus on income, wealth is rarely considered. While inequality due to income has widened, wealth inequality has become a chasm, impeding families from accruing assets necessary for prosperity. American Development Accounts are based on Individual Development Accounts, but with a default opt-in proviso for young workers. Increasing wealth for new entrants to the labor force is essential for the prosperity of their families and their communities.
Introduction
Authors: Ng Karen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the main arguments and themes of the book. It presents three central claims: first, that the core tenets of Hegel’s philosophy, and in particular Hegel’s “Concept,” should be understood as developing around a purposiveness theme deriving from Kant’s third Critique; second, that the speculative identity thesis is key for Hegel’s overarching philosophical method and can be understood as a relationship between life and self-conscious cognition; and third, that Hegel’s Subjective Logic can be read as his version of a critique of judgment. This chapter also provides arguments against two prominent interpretations of the trajectory from Kant to Hegel: one that revolves around a self-consciousness theme, and one that revolves around the importance of the intuitive understanding. It then provides chapter outlines for the remainder of the book.
Life as Ground, and the Limits of the Subjective Concept
Authors: Ng Karen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 argues that the Subjective Logic can be read as Hegel’s “critique of judgment” by turning to the importance of Hölderlin. Adopting Hölderlin’s understanding of judgment as “original division,” Hegel traces the ground of judgment not to the original unity of “Being” but to what he calls “the original judgment of life” (das ursprüngliche Urteil des Lebens). What this denotes is an original form of activity, an original division and unity, that opens up intelligibility as such. This chapter argues that organic unity and form provide a standard for the unity and form of Concept, judgment, and syllogism. The key to this argument hinges on Hegel’s understanding of Gattung-concepts (a genus, species, or kind) as the objective, universal context of judgment. The chapter provides a detailed analysis of the “Judgment” chapter in particular, and argues that what Hegel calls the judgment of the Concept (essentially, evaluative judgments) is modeled on Kant’s understanding of reflective, teleological judgments.
Silence and social interaction
Authors: Hoey Elliott M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the relevant literature and themes that are developed in the following chapters. It provides a select review of research on silence from various humanistic and social scientific perspectives, giving special attention to studies of acoustic silence as such. It then focuses on silence as it’s been examined in the discipline of conversation analysis. In surveying work on silence in conversation analysis (specifically on pauses, gaps, and lapses), several omissions, underspecifications, and ambiguities are assembled as a way to build a rationale for an extended examination of lapses. The chapter then proceeds to state the aims and main questions of the book, sketches the conversation analytic methods that are used in the empirical studies, describes the data, and summarizes the remaining chapters.
The Origins of Informality
Authors: Roger Charles B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This book explores the phenomenon of informal international organizations. These bodies are involved in governing many of the most important issues the world currently faces, and differ significantly from the highly legalized, formal organizations the world has traditionally relied on. But despite their evident importance, they remain poorly understood. This book develops a new approach to thinking about these puzzling institutions, presents new data revealing their extraordinary growth over time, and develops a novel theory about why states are creating them. The theory explains how states form preferences over the informality of international organization and how legal designs get chosen through often contentious bargaining processes. This theory of institutional design then informs a more dynamic account of the rise of informality. This account explains how major shifts occurring in the domestic political arenas of powerful states—especially growing polarization and the rise of the regulatory state—have been projected outward and reshaped the legal foundations of global governance. The book systematically tests this theory, quantitatively and qualitatively, and presents detailed accounts of the forces behind some of the most important institutions in the global economy. It concludes with an analysis of the effectiveness of informal organizations, finding that many are likely to be less capable of addressing the complex challenges the world presently confronts.
The Move to Informality
Authors: Roger Charles B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Informal organizations are the most visible dimension of a vast informal order that has been taking shape since the 1970s and 1980s. They are, however, its least understood component. The book explores why states create these puzzling institutions and why they have grown so significantly over time and assesses what this means for states’ ability to govern cross-border issues effectively. This chapter introduces the central themes of the book and reviews the answers it offers. Specifically, this chapter explains how the book conceptualizes the idea of an informal organization, how the book accounts for the design choices of states in particular scenarios, and how the “two-step” account the book develops can be extended to offer a “dynamic” explanation of the rise of informality. The main alternative explanations are also elaborated, and the central axes of the policy debate about informality are discussed.
Speak of the Devil
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since it was founded in 2013, The Satanic Temple has spread across the United States and throughout the world. Unlike other forms of Satanism, The Satanic Temple is highly politically active. It has invoked religious freedom to campaign for easier access to abortion, exemption from laws that allow administering corporal punishment to students, and implementing Satanic after-school clubs in elementary schools. While this group remains highly controversial, it is poorly understood. This book provides a detailed history of The Satanic Temple’s history, beliefs, and culture as well as the numerous political and legal battles this group has undertaken. The author suggests that the lasting impact of The Satanic Temple is the way their campaigns have affected national conversations about such topics as the definition of religion, religious freedom, and religious tolerance.
Satanic Schisms
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes controversies within The Satanic Temple that led to a series of schisms in the summer of 2018. The schisms reflected larger national issues that have divided progressive groups, including disagreements about how best to respond to dangers posed by the “alt-right” movement, disagreements about the nature and value of free speech, and different philosophies of how to advance social justice. The author suggests that religious schisms are a normal part of a religious movement’s development. In this case, the schisms were likely inevitable as The Satanic Temple lacks organizational features that sociologists have shown tend to discourage religious schisms.
Religion or Trolls?
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many of The Satanic Temple’s political campaigns and legal actions depend on invoking their religious rights. However, critics have responded that The Satanic Temple is not a “real” religion but merely “trolls” who only pretend to have sincerely held beliefs. These critics typically point out that The Satanic Temple do not believe in a literal Satan or any supernatural force. This argument featured prominently when The Satanic Temple sued the state of Missouri over its abortion laws. This chapter makes several theoretical interventions into this controversy. First, the category of “invented religions” is helpful for thinking about how The Satanic Temple can be sincere despite lacking supernatural beliefs. Second, it is argued that The Satanic Temple possesses characteristics common to more familiar religions. Finally, it is suggested that the very act of invoking religious liberty has caused Satanists to think about their worldviews differently.
Biodiversity
Authors: Randall Nicola P. , Smith Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses biodiversity in farming systems, including a consideration of the ecological importance of non-agricultural habitats within farm systems. The chapter outlines patterns of biodiversity in space and time, as well as at varying levels (genetic, organismal, landscape), before exploring the impact of agriculture on biodiversity at local, regional, and global scales. Farmland is an artificial environment, often characterized by monocultures grown at a density that differs from natural growth patterns. This can generate instability, resistance to environmental change, susceptibility to pests, pollution, and impacts on other ecosystem services such as soil and water. The chapter ends with a discussion of the biological implications of continued agricultural change (e.g. specialization, intensification).
Future Perspectives
Authors: Randall Nicola P. , Smith Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This final chapter explores the future challenges for agroecosystem biology. Factors such as population growth and the requirement for increased agricultural production are considered, alongside environmental factors such as climate change. The chapter explores the potential encroachment of new farmland into natural habitats and the limiting factors for agricultural growth (such as land and water availability). The use of new developments to overcome these limiting factors to agricultural growth is discussed. The chapter concludes with consideration of the potential biological impacts of further expansion and change to global agriculture, and of the implications of agricultural management on biological and other environmental factors.
Interactive Political Leadership
Authors: Sørensen Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In what this book boldly defines as the age of governance, citizens and other relevant and affected stakeholders are active partakers in governing Western liberal societies. This reality is out of tune with traditional sovereign perceptions of political leadership. Drawing on recent theories of interactive governance and political leadership, Eva Sørensen develops a concept of interactive political leadership that aims to capture what political leadership looks like in a society of active, anti-authoritarian, and politically competent citizens. The key message is that although interactive political leadership is no panacea, it is a step forward in developing a mature perception of what political leadership means in a democratic society with a strong participatory political culture. Hence, interactive political leadership stands out as a promising way of promoting the legitimacy and effectiveness of democratic governance by establishing a bridge between representative democracy and emergent forms of political participation, promoting political learning and accountability, strengthening the political entrepreneurship of elected politicians, and mobilizing relevant resources in society. The book develops twenty propositions that sets the agenda for a new and much-needed field of empirical research into political leadership in the age of governance.
Leadership in the Age of Governance
Authors: Sørensen Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBuilding on an extensive literature on interactive governance, Chapter 2 explains what it entails to be in the age of governance and scrutinizes the implications for the performance of public leadership. A key message is that public leadership increasingly takes on the form of metagovernance, i.e. the governance of governance. As meta-governors, public leaders govern self-regulating actors through different hands-off and hands-on regulation methods. Forty years of government reforms have gradually restructured the public sector to support the performance of metagovernance, and inspiration came from different strands of neo-institutionalism. Metagovernance research has mainly focused on managerial metagovernance, however, while paying scant attention to political metagovernance and the role of politicians as leaders of interactive governance processes. Recent strands of political leadership theory provide important insights for developing a notion of political metagovernance and get to grips with the role of politicians in the age of governance.
Enhancing Policy Implementation through Interactive Political Leadership
Authors: Sørensen Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The legitimacy of representative democracy hinges on its ability to implement the policies that politicians make. Citizens may experience that their interests and viewpoints are taken into account in the political process, that the political process is fair, and that policies made are relevant and convincing responses to the problems they experience and aspirations they have. If policy implementation fails, it is likely to have a negative effect on citizens’ assessments of the efficiency and effectiveness of the political system, its executive institutions, and the competence and skill of incumbent political authorities. It reduces the political system’s outcome legitimacy. New theories of co-production and co-creation and research into how public and private actors work together to promote public value suggest that successful implementation of policy outcomes is more likely when relevant and affected societal actors are involved. This involving approach to getting things done leads to the formulation of a concept of socio-political implementation referring to co-created policy-implementation. Most of the socio-political implementation research tends to overlook the important role of politics and political leadership for successful co-creation of policy implementation. Chapter 7 argues that politicians have a crucial role to play as interactive political leaders of co-created policy implementation.
Conclusion
Authors: Sørensen Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChapter 11 aggregates the conceptual developments and theoretical argument and research findings presented in the previous chapters into a theoretical framework for studying the political leadership of elected politicians in the age of governance. The framework suggests that interactive political leadership holds the potential to promote robust political authorization in the age of governance through a promotion of interactive democracy, political learning accountability, interactive political entrepreneurship, and socio-political implementation. Conditioning factors are multi-level governance, an increased mediatization of political communication and access to interactive political platforms and arenas. Moreover, the chapter provides twenty propositions regarding the prospects for, and dilemmas and challenges related to the performance of interactive political leadership that can guide and inspire future research. Finally, the chapter proposes an agenda for future research and highlights the need for empirical studies on the scope for interactive political leadership in different contexts, discourse analyses of current understandings of political leadership and followership, process studies of the interplay between politicians and citizens, and studies of the impact of institutional design on political leadership styles.
Which Government’s Policy Style is More Conducive to Prevention?
Authors: Cairney Paul , St Denny Emily 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have demonstrated that many governments face the same ‘prevention puzzle’, caused partly by universal drivers associated with multi-centric policymaking. Further, they face contradictory pressures to share power for pragmatic reasons or centralize power to seem in control. However, what if policymakers in different political systems try to solve these dilemmas in fundamentally different ways? For example, are some systems more conducive to long-term planning and more likely to facilitate central governments trying to ‘let go’ and encourage localism? This question is often central to comparative political studies involving the UK. The UK’s Westminster model often represents the archetype of a ‘majoritarian’ democracy with a top-down policymaking style and adversarial political culture. Lijphart contrasts it with ‘consensus’ democracy characterized by coalition-building between parties and political culture built on ‘inclusiveness, bargaining and compromise’. In theory, this distinction could guide our analysis of UK and Scottish preventive policymaking, since some ‘architects of devolution’ envisaged ‘new Scottish politics’ as the antidote to ‘old Westminster’, to produce a consensus democracy with greater emphasis on pragmatic policymaking. However, their reputations are inaccurate caricatures that provide a misleading way to compare UK and Scottish prevention policy.
Prevention Policy and Public Health
Authors: Cairney Paul , St Denny Emily 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Health policy is the traditional home of prevention policies. Public health is at the heart of policies designed to improve population health, and perhaps reduce health inequalities, often through changes in behaviour at an early age. Public health policy tends to be a hub for advocates of EBPM. In theory, healthcare and public health are symbiotic, particularly if early public health interventions reduce demand for acute healthcare. However, in practice, public health is an exemplar of the wide gap between expectations for ‘evidence-based’ prevention policy and actual outcomes. To demonstrate, first, we apply our theoretical approach, outlined in Chapters 1 to 3, to present a broad examination of health policy and the role of prevention within it, considering what a window of opportunity for prevention policy within a complex system means in relation to health and public health policy. Second, we show that the UK and Scottish governments have described different policy styles, but faced and addressed the ambiguity and complexity of preventive health policy in similar ways. Third, our comparison of broad prevention versus specific tobacco policies shows why substantive policy change is more apparent in the latter: there is a clearer definition of the policy problem, a more supportive environment for meaningful policy change, and more windows of opportunity for specific policy changes. These three conditions are not yet fulfilled in the broader prevention agenda.
Early Intervention for ‘Troubled Families’
Authors: Cairney Paul , St Denny Emily 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Early intervention in the lives of families and children is a central part of the prevention agenda. However, there is little consensus on the ways in which to do it, based on the framing of target populations, timing of intervention, extent of state involvement in family life, and evidence for the success of each intervention. To frame this analysis we ask: (1) Was there a distinctive ‘window of opportunity’ for the introduction of the troubled families programme in the UK? (2) How does each government socially construct target populations, and what is the effect on policy design? (3) To what extent has each government relied on local authorities and partnerships to deliver its national agenda, and what outcomes or practices have ‘emerged’ from local activity? To help answer these questions, we consider the meaning of ‘families policy’ to help understand who has responsibility for it, trace three main elements of their policy histories, and gauge the extent to which UK policy already represented divergence from the past and from Scottish policy.
Minimal Substantivity
Authors: Belleri Delia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter defends a notion of “minimal substantivity” for ontological disputes, focusing on persistence and composition as case-studies. Deflationists argue that these disputes are defective: they are merely verbal, or epistemically underdetermined. Anti-Deflationists emphasize the substantivity of these controversies, either in Quinean terms, or in terms of fundamentality. This chapter aims at striking a mid-way between these approaches, thus outlining a Minimal Anti-Deflationism. First, it is shown that even if these ontological disputes are merely verbal, they can be recast as non-verbal metalinguistic disputes. These exchanges have in turn an ontological substantivity if we understand them as disputes about which ontological commitments we should undertake. This substantivity is however minimal, because it need not be articulated either naturalistically or in terms of fundamentality. In closing, an illustration is provided of the fruitfulness of the minimal substantivity notion for cases of conceptual engineering.