bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Money Management and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Dual‐Earner Couples in Western Europe
Authors: Çineli Beyda 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the conditions under which couples use different money management systems.BackgroundBoth joint and individualized money management systems are associated more with gender egalitarian values than with the traditional “breadwinner” system. However, prior research has not fully examined the differences between these systems in terms of power relation attributes amongst couples, such as couples' relative income, age difference, and the associations with gender egalitarian values.MethodThe International Social Survey Program “Family and Changing Gender Roles” 2012 module (N = 2,520) was used to estimate multinomial logistic regression models predicting the likelihood of using different money management systems.ResultsThe probability of using individualized or joint money management systems was much higher than traditional system for those who have more gender egalitarian beliefs. This probability was significantly higher for the individualized system. For a couple with income homogamy, the probability of using either the joint or the individualized system was higher. For relationships in which the males were older or earned significantly more money than their partners, the likelihood of using nontraditional systems (joint/individualized) was lower.ConclusionCouples who appeared relatively more traditional on characteristics such as individual gender role attitudes, relative income, and age difference are also more likely to use more traditional strategy. The individualized system, which is a newer method couples use to manage their money, is the most closely associated with gender egalitarian values.ImplicationsPolicymakers who focus on poverty and income inequalities should avoid treating the household as a single unit but rather take into consideration within‐household inequalities and gender differences. Furthermore, couple education and couple therapy–oriented policies can incorporate sessions about household money management into counselling programs for couples.
Effect of the grass Leersia hexandra on the dispersal, seed germination, and establishment of Pachira aquatica seedlings
Authors: Vázquez‐Benavides Judith , Moreno‐Casasola Patricia , López‐Rosas Hugo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

In wetlands, hydrochory is one of the main mechanisms of seed dispersal and there is often synchrony between propagule production and the flood season. Different sources of disturbance can prevent seed dispersal to suitable sites, and if environmental conditions are not adequate for germination and seedling establishment, recruitment will be limited, affecting succession.

We worked in a disturbed tropical freshwater swamp where the native grass Leersia hexandra has dominated open areas, creating a grass matrix that surrounds patches of swamp forest. Leersia grows vigorously, forming cushions of dry matter that cover the soil, forming a potential obstacle to seed dispersal. We asked whether the vegetative growth of this grass prevents the entry and dispersal of seeds of the tropical swamp tree Pachira aquatica, thwarting seed germination and seedling establishment, and arresting succession. We set up transects in the grass matrix in two zones: close to the river (R) and bordering the tree patches or fragments (F). We quantified tree seed and seedling presence, survival and growth in situ and experimentally introduced seeds and seedlings in the field and monitored seed germination and the survival and growth of their seedlings, as well as that of transplanted seedlings.

There was a negative relationship between the number of seeds and established seedlings, and the distance to river or fragment (r = −0.86, p < 0.001 for zone R; and r = −0.77, p < 0.001 for zone F) and with the grass cushion (r = −0.68, p = 0.005 for zone R; and r = −0.66, p = 0.007 for zone F); the grass creating a barrier to dispersal. When seeds were sown after clearing the grass cushion, germination success was high, so this stage is not limited. The transplanted seedlings had better survival and a greater final height than the seedlings of the sown seeds. Grass cover had a negative effect on both types of seedlings. Seedling survival rates were inversely related to grass cover, showing that seedlings overgrown by grass had low survival rates. Flooding is a stress factor for seedlings and produced mortality, in addition to the effects of the grass.

Together, the field survey and the experiment show that succession is being arrested in two ways: (1) by limiting seed dispersal because the grass cushion slows the dispersal and penetration of seeds into the vegetation; and (2) by limiting seedling establishment because the grass competes for space and light. Our results show that even where the grass is native, slower growing, seed‐dependent species may struggle to compete and establish. If grass cover is increasing, these swamps are very vulnerable to a decrease in area because it is very difficult for them to regenerate naturally.
Untangling the importance of niche breadth and niche position as drivers of tree species abundance and occupancy across biogeographic regions
Authors: Vela Díaz Dilys M. , Blundo Cecilia , Cayola Leslie , Fuentes Alfredo F. , Malizia Lucio R. , Myers Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimEcological niches shape species commonness and rarity, yet, the relative importance of different niche mechanisms within and across ecosystems remains unresolved. We tested the influence of niche breadth (range of environmental conditions where species occur) and niche position (marginality of a species’ environmental distribution relative to the mean environmental conditions of a region) on tree‐species abundance and occupancy across three biogeographic regions.LocationArgentinian Andes; Bolivian Amazon; Missouri Ozarks.Time period2002–2010.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe calculated abiotic‐niche breadths and abiotic‐niche positions using 16 climate, soil and topographic variables. For each region, we used model selection to test the relative influence of niche breadth and niche position on local abundance and occupancy in regional‐scale networks of 0.1‐ha forest plots. To account for species–environment associations caused by other mechanisms (e.g., dispersal), we used null models that randomized associations between species occurrences and environmental variables.ResultsWe found strong support for the niche‐position hypothesis. In all regions, species with higher local abundance and occupancy occurred in non‐marginal environments. Observed relationships between occupancy and niche position also differed from random species–environment associations in all regions. Surprisingly, we found little support for the niche‐breadth hypothesis. Observed relationships between both local abundance and niche breadth, and occupancy and niche breadth, did not differ from random species–environment associations.Main conclusionNiche position was more important than niche breadth in shaping species commonness and rarity across temperate, sub‐tropical and tropical forests. In all forests, tree species with widespread geographic distributions were associated with environmental conditions commonly found throughout the region, suggesting that niche position has similar effects on species occupancy across contrasting biogeographic regions. Our findings imply that conservation efforts aimed at protecting populations of common and rare tree species should prioritize conservation of both common and rare habitats.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index can predict postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay in elderly patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Xia Xin , Xie Dongmei , Liao Yulin , Wang Yanyan , Chen Ling , Ge Ning , Yue Jirong 
Published: June 2020

AimMalnutrition is common in older patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) has been developed as an objective index to assess nutritional risk in these patients. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association between GNRI and postoperative delirium (POD) as well as length of stay (LOS) in surgical older patients. Therefore, our goal was to examine the impact of poor nutrition, evaluated by the GNRI, on POD and length of stay in older patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, older patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery from April to June of 2015 were included. Preoperative nutritional status was assessed by the GNRI within the first 48 h after hospital admission. The outcomes were POD and LOS. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analyses were used to assess the role of GNRI in predicting these outcomes.ResultsIn the whole sample (N = 288), the prevalence of severe/moderate (GNRI <92) and low (GNRI 92–98) nutritional risk was 15.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The median length of hospital stay was 14 days. Delirium was present in 49 patients (17%). A linear regression analysis showed that low (β = 4.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18–6.94) and severe/moderate (β = 3.70, 95% CI: 0.74–6.65) nutritional risk were associated with prolonged LOS. Moreover, a multivariate analysis revealed that patients with severe/moderate nutritional risk were more likely to develop POD compared with those without (odds ratio = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.11–5.89).ConclusionPreoperative malnutrition, as assessed using the GNRI, predicted LOS and the development of POD in elderly non‐cardiac surgical patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 759–764.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of technical efficiency in China’s specialized markets: A stochastic frontier analysis approach
Authors: Zhang Xuliang , Hu Xiaohui , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChina’s specialized markets as a special form of bottom‐up capital agglomeration have played a key role in fostering regional development. It once exhibited positive externalities with high efficiencies. However, given the rapid proliferation of specialized markets and the penetration of E‐commerce, their advantages may have shifted and the understanding of this shift is limited. The paper explores the spatio‐temporal dynamics of China’s specialized markets in terms of technical efficiency. Based on turnover data from Statistical Yearbooks of China Commodity Exchange Market from 2000 to 2016, technical efficiencies in specialized markets are measured by a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach using panel data. The results show that (a) the technical efficiencies in China’s specialized markets are significantly divergent in space over time; (b) labor input has notable effect on efficiency increase, while capital input has no significant effect; (c) informatization level, cluster size, and degree of market openness are identified to have a positive effect on specialized market’s technical efficiency. This paper argues that specialized markets should be taken seriously in the cluster evolution research. The role of proximity and the bounded links between specialized markets and their local clusters is the key to understanding their changing forms, performances, and trajectories.
Screening on platelet LncRNA expression profile discloses novel residual platelet reactivity biomarker
Authors: Yan Shaodi , Liu Xiaojing , Ke Xiao , Xian Zhanchao , Peng Changnong , Wang Xiaoqing , Chen Mao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDouble antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has wide inter‐individual variabilities in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients’ responses, which undermines the prognosis effect in clinical practice. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be widely existed in platelets, albeit their potential roles in platelet responses to DAPT largely remains in the realm of the unknown. This study aims to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs responsible for high residual platelet reactivities under DAPT.MethodsWe enrolled 144 CHD patients that received DAPT and assigned them to high platelet reactivity (HPR) group and baseline group according to their residual platelet reactivities. Statistical analysis and a series of experiments including microarray analysis, platelet reactivity screening, RNA isolation and lncRNA microarray analysis were explored to the research.ResultsWe detected a total of 22,424 kinds of co‐expressed lncRNAs in three pairs of patients between the HPR and baseline groups. We identified twenty differentially expressed lncRNAs and successfully validated three of them in the 144 patients. Ultimately, the expression of ensemble transcript ENST00000433442 was demonstrated as significantly correlated with high platelet reactivity (OR = 0.487, P = .035) by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionThere is a considerable amount of lncRNAs in platelets, and the downregulated expression of ENST00000433442 is an independent risk factor for high residual platelet reactivity in CHD patients under DAPT.
Constructing nurses' professional identity through group performance
Authors: Willetts Georgina , Garvey Loretta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine professional identity through the group performances of nurses within a specific work environment.BackgroundProfessional identity and social identity are closely linked. Nurses undertake clinical practice usually within a social group environment. The literature is limited on the development of professional identity within the context of nurses' daily work.DesignAn integrated ethnographic case context design was adopted, consisting of two clinical wards in one acute health‐care facility in Australia. The application of the social identity theory (SIT) was used to study two specific professional activities to describe the group performance of nurses within this organizational cultural context and how this influenced nurses' professional identity.MethodThe research was undertaken between 2012 and 2014. Data collection included observation, interviews and fieldnotes of a convenience sample of nurses and allied health‐care professionals who undertook two professional activities in their normal work environment.FindingsThe development of group efficacy contributed to the development of the professional identity in the homogenous handover activity. Self‐efficacy was demonstrated in the heterogenous multidisciplinary activity.ConclusionThe results indicated the importance of recognizing core identity‐building activities and understanding the value of these activities to professional identity development.
The impact of negative‐pressure wound therapy with instillation on wounds requiring operative debridement: Pilot randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Kim Paul J. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Galiano Robert D. , Salgado Christopher J. , Orgill Dennis P. , Kovach Stephen J. , Bernstein Brent H. , Attinger Christopher E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPresence of bacteria in wounds can delay healing. Addition of a regularly instilled topical solution over the wound during negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may reduce bioburden levels compared with standard NPWT alone. We performed a prospective, randomised, multi‐centre, post‐market trial to compare effects of NPWT with instillation and dwell of polyhexamethylene biguanide solution vs NPWT without instillation therapy in wounds requiring operative debridement. Results showed a significantly greater mean decrease in total bacterial counts from time of initial surgical debridement to first dressing change in NPWT plus instillation (n = 69) subjects compared with standard NPWT (n = 63) subjects (−0.18 vs 0.6 log10 CFU/g, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in the primary endpoint of required inpatient operating room debridements after initial debridement. Time to readiness for wound closure/coverage, proportion of wounds closed, and incidence of wound complications were similar. NPWT subjects had 3.1 times the risk of re‐hospitalisation compared with NPWT plus instillation subjects. This study provides a basis for exploring research options to understand the impact of NPWT with instillation on wound healing.
Carboxypeptidase A6 was identified and validated as a novel potential biomarker for predicting the occurrence of active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wang Haizhou , Zhang Meng , Zhang Mengna , Wang Fan , Liu Jing , Zhao Qiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, highly heterogeneous intestinal inflammation with changes in epithelial function and tissue damage. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear between active UC and inactive UC. Herein, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was applied to explore the gene modules related to active UC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to further investigate the underlying mechanism of selected genes. We found that in the blue module (r = −.72), carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) was chosen to validate because of its high intra‐modular connectivity and module membership. In the test sets, the expression level of CPA6 was down‐regulated in active UC compared with inactive UC and normal colon. Furthermore, CPA6 expression was decreased primarily in the descending colon and only in mucosa affected by active UC. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that CPA6 expression had a performed well in diagnosing active UC from inactive UC (area under the curve = 0.99). Importantly, anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment (infliximab and golimumab) significantly increased the CPA6 expression. Finally, GSEA and GSVA found that extracellular matrix receptor, inflammatory response and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition were highly enriched in active UC with low CPA6 expression. In conclusion, CPA6 was identified and validated as a novel potential biomarker for predicting the occurrence of active UC, probably through regulating extracellular matrix or immune response.
Ablation of Gadd45β ameliorates the inflammation and renal fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Moon Sung‐Je , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Choi Young‐Keun , Lee Chul‐Ho , Hwang Jung Hwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible beta (Gadd45β) protein have been associated with various cellular functions, but its role in progressive renal disease is currently unknown. Here, we examined the effect of Gadd45β deletion on cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammation, and renal fibrosis in an early chronic kidney disease (CKD) mouse model following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Wild‐type (WT) and Gadd45β‐knockout (KO) mice underwent either a sham operation or UUO and the kidneys were sampled eight days later. A histological assay revealed that ablation of Gadd45β ameliorated UUO‐induced renal injury. Cell proliferation was higher in Gadd45β KO mouse kidneys, but apoptosis was similar in both genotypes after UUO. Expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after UUO was down‐regulated in the kidneys from Gadd45β KO mice, whereas UUO‐mediated immune cell infiltration remained unchanged. The expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation decreased in bone marrow‐derived macrophages from Gadd45β KO mice compared with that in WT mice. Importantly, UUO‐induced renal fibrosis was ameliorated in Gadd45β KO mice unlike in WT mice. Gadd45β was involved in TGF‐β signalling pathway regulation in kidney fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate that Gadd45β plays a crucial role in renal injury and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD.
The clinical and inflammatory relationships between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sapey Elizabeth , Yonel Zehra , Edgar Ross , Parmar Sabrina , Hobbins Stephanie , Newby Paul , Crossley Diana , Usher Adam , Johnson Sarah , Walton Georgia M. , McGuinness Adam , Chapple Iain , Stockley Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate associations between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with and without alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), including neutrophil functions implicated in tissue damage.MethodsThe presence and severity of periodontitis (using two international criteria) and lung disease were assessed in 156 COPD patients with and without AATD accounting for common confounding factors. Saliva and systemic inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA together with neutrophil migration.ResultsCOPD and AATD patients exhibited higher prevalence of periodontitis (COPD 95%; AATD 88%) than reported in unselected community‐dwelling populations even when risk factors (age, smoking history, socio‐economic status and dental habits) were considered. Periodontitis severity associated with lung disease severity (AATD, periodontitis versus no periodontitis; FEV1 = 56% versus 99% predicted; TLCO = 59% versus 81% predicted, p < .0001 for both). Neutrophil migratory accuracy declined in stage II–IV periodontitis patients with COPD or AATD compared to COPD or AATD with no or stage I periodontitis. Improved dental habits appeared to be associated with a reduction in exacerbation frequency in COPD.ConclusionThe results support shared pathophysiology between periodontitis and COPD, especially when associated with AATD. This may reflect an amplification of neutrophilic inflammation and altered neutrophil functions, already described in periodontitis, COPD and AATD.
Persons with type 2 diabetes and high insulin persistence were associated with a lower risk of mortality: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yen Fu‐Shun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Liu Jia‐Sin , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Hwu Chii‐Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionStudies assessing the long‐term outcomes of insulin persistence are scant. We compared the risk of all‐cause mortality among patients with different degrees of insulin persistence.Materials and MethodsIn total, 293,210 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy were enrolled during 2002–2014. Insulin persistence was defined as continual insulin treatment without a 90‐day gap of discontinuation in the 2‐year observation period. Mortality rates were compared between 111,220 patients with ≥90% insulin persistence and 111,220 matched patients with <90% insulin persistence during the observational period.ResultsDuring the mean 5.37‐year follow‐up period, the mortality rates were 58.26 and 73.21 per 1,000 person‐years for patients with ≥90% and <90% of insulin persistence. The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.81, P < 0.001). Patients with high insulin persistence had significantly lower risks than did those with low insulin persistence of death due to hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease, respiratory disease, sepsis and cancer.ConclusionsThis study showed that patients with ≥90% insulin persistence were associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality than did patients with <90% insulin persistence.