bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty‐Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adolescents with Severe Obesity
Authors: Ryder Justin R. , Xu Peixin , Inge Thomas H. , Xie Changchun , Jenkins Todd M. , Hur Chin , Lee Minyi , Choi Jin , Michalsky Marc P. , Kelly Aaron S. , Urbina Elaine M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveQuantifying risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among adolescents is difficult owing to the long latent period between risk factor development and disease outcomes. This study examined the 30‐year CVD event risk among adolescents with severe obesity treated with and without metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), compared with youths with moderate obesity, overweight, or normal weight.MethodsCross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons of five frequency‐matched (age and diabetes status) groups were performed: normal weight (n = 247), overweight (n = 54), obesity (n = 131), severe obesity without MBS (n = 302), and severe obesity undergoing MBS (n = 215). A 30‐year CVD event score developed by the Framingham Heart Study was the primary outcome. Data are mean (SD) with differences between time points for MBS examined using linear mixed models.ResultsPreoperatively, the likelihood of CVD events was higher among adolescents undergoing MBS (7.9% [6.7%]) compared with adolescents with severe obesity not referred for MBS (5.5% [4.0%]), obesity (3.9% [3.0%]), overweight (3.1% [2.4%]), and normal weight (1.8% [0.8%]; all P < 0.001). At 1 year after MBS, event risk was significantly reduced (7.9% [6.7%] to 4.0% [3.4%], P < 0.0001) and was sustained for up to 5 years after MBS (P < 0.0001, all years vs. baseline).ConclusionsAdolescents with severe obesity are at elevated risk for future CVD events. Following MBS, the predicted risk of CVD events was substantially and sustainably reduced.
Impact of a Policy to Deliver at 39 Weeks for the Indication of Class III Obesity
Authors: Pierce Stephanie L. , Maxted Marta E. , Peck Jennifer D. , Lutz Jessica S. , Lopez‐Davila Maria F. , Vieira Frederico , Atchley Courtney B. , Edwards Rodney K. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a policy to deliver at 39 weeks for class III obesity.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women with class III obesity delivering at ≥ 37 weeks before (May 2012 to April 2014) and after the policy (September 2014 to August 2016). The primary outcome was the cesarean rate. Secondary outcomes included maternal morbidities and a neonatal morbidity composite. Modified Poisson regression was used to adjust for demographic differences between groups.ResultsThe study included a total of 1,210 patients, 580 before the policy and 630 after the policy. Before and after the policy, cesarean rates were similar (41.6% vs. 47.1%; risk ratio [RR]: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.00‐1.29]; adjusted RR [aRR]: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.92‐1.14]). In adjusted comparisons of women undergoing labor induction, parous women had lower cesarean rates (aRR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41‐0.94) but nulliparous women had higher cesarean rates (aRR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.68) after the policy (P for interaction = 0.01). Rates of chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and cesarean wound infection were not different between groups. Composite neonatal morbidity was not different between pre‐ and postpolicy groups.ConclusionsA policy of delivery at 39 weeks for class III obesity did not affect overall cesarean rate or rates of maternal or neonatal morbidity. Further investigation should evaluate subsets of women who may have a higher cesarean rate with this policy.
Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses of 17 neonates with transient abnormal myelopoiesis and nonconstitutional trisomy 21
Authors: Yuzawa Kentaro , Terui Kiminori , Toki Tsutomu , Kanezaki Rika , Kobayashi Akie , Sato Tomohiko , Kamio Takuya , Kudo Ko , Sasaki Shinya , Endo Mikiya , Ozono Shuichi , Nomura Keiko , Ito Etsuro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a unique myeloproliferative disorder that occurs in neonates with constitutional trisomy 21/Down syndrome (DS). Although TAM also develops in neonates without constitutional trisomy 21, the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics of those patients are not fully understood.ProcedureWe retrospectively evaluated the clinical and cytogenetic findings and GATA1 mutation status of 17 neonates with TAM and nonconstitutional trisomy 21 tested for GATA1 mutations at our institute, and compared the findings with those of 64 neonates with TAM and constitutional trisomy 21/DS.ResultsDS clinical features were observed in five of the 17 (29%) patients. In all patients, both trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations were detected in diagnostic samples. Over a median follow‐up of 33 (range, 0‐139) months, early death (< 6 months of age) occurred in four patients (24%). Overall and event‐free survivals were not significantly different between the patients with TAM and nonconstitutional trisomy 21 and those with TAM and constitutional trisomy 21/DS (five‐year overall survival: 76% ± 10% vs 53% ± 13%, P = 0.40; five‐year event‐free survival: 55% ± 13% vs 48% ± 12%, P = 0.90). The five‐year cumulative incidence of progression to myeloid leukemia of DS was also similar between the groups (21% vs 24%, P = 0.80).ConclusionsPatients with TAM and nonconstitutional trisomy 21 exhibited similar biology and outcomes to those with TAM and constitutional trisomy 21/DS. The possibility of TAM should be considered even in phenotypically normal neonates with TAM symptoms, for appropriate management.
Analysis of astragalosides I, II and IV in some Egyptian Astragalus species and Astragalus dietary supplements using high‐performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector and non‐parametric regression
Authors: Korany Mohamed A. , Moneeb Marwa S. , Asaad Aya M. , El‐Sebakhy Nadia A. , El‐Banna Alaa A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionGenuTs Astragalus L. is characterised by the presence of cycloartane saponins which have wide biological activities such as antioxidant, immunomodulating‚ hepatoprotective and anti‐inflammatory activities. From these cycloartane saponins are astragalosides I, II and IV which have been regarded as the most important active constituents in Astragalus species.ObjectivesThis work describes the quantitative analysis of astragalosides I, II and IV in some Egyptian Astragalus species and Astragalus dietary supplements in a single run by high‐performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC/ELSD) using gradient elution.MethodologyThe method of quantitation adopted in this study is the standard addition method. First and second derivative treatment of the data was performed, and the study presents comparison between two statistical regression methods for handling data; parametric and non‐parametric regression methods.ResultsDerivative treatment of the chromatographic response data gives improved quantitation of the chromatographic signals. Non‐parametric regression of the data using Theil's method is advantageous over the usual least squares method as it assumes that errors could occur in both x‐ and y‐directions and they might not be normally distributed. In addition, it could effectively circumvent any outlier data points.ConclusionDue to the simplicity and the good accuracy and reproducibility of the suggested methods, they could be used for analysis and quality control of Astragalus species and Astragalus dietary supplements.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas in dermatology: Sources, reactive agents, and therapeutic effects
Authors: Liu Dawei , Zhang Yanzhe , Xu Maoyuan , Chen Hongxiang , Lu Xinpei , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) have provided many new opportunities in dermatology by providing a multimodal action of reactive agents (RA). This review critically examines the generation, transport, and physical effects induced by CAPs in dermatologic treatments. We introduce the most suitable plasma sources, which provide a multitude of physical effects on the skin without any electric or thermal shocks. The mechanisms of generation and transport of the key reactive species are introduced and examined from the viewpoint of their applications in dermatology. Special attention is paid to study the “plasmaporation” effect, which enables RA penetration through healthy and damaged skin. Plausible physical mechanisms involved in the CAP treatment of some of the most common skin diseases are analyzed.
Influence of operating parameters on high‐pressure microhollow cathode discharge with a cylindrical hole
Authors: Li Xuechen , Ren Chenhua , He Xingran , Wu Kaiyue , Jia Pengying , Li Shouzhe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a promising candidate for generating large‐scale plasma at high pressure, microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) with a cylindrical hole has been numerically simulated at an argon pressure higher than 50 Torr by a two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell Monte Carlo collision method. Results indicate that MHCD is operated in a confined phase at the beginning, which transits to an expanded phase and reaches a steady‐state at about 160 ns. In a steady‐state MHCD, the majority of electrons have a low energy of several eV, and some electrons have a high energy up to 480 eV. High‐energy electrons mainly appear adjacent to the cathode surface. With increasing applied voltage, there is a transition from the confined phase to the expanded phase for a steady‐state MHCD. Moreover, maximal density of charged particles increases for the expanded phase with increasing applied voltage and argon pressure or decreasing hole diameter. Besides, discharge morphology has been investigated in detail with varying operating parameters. All these results have been compared with those simulated by the fluid model.
Two novel alkaloids fromCorydalis curvifloraMaxim. and their insecticidal activity
Authors: Xia JianKai , Liu Yao , Zhou Yu , Zhang JiaYao , Li ChunHuan , Yin Xia , Tian XiangRong , Zhang XiuYun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotanical pesticide plays an essential role in the control of agricultural pests.Corydalis curvifloraMaxim. is used as a cholagogue and larvicide in the rural areas of Northwest China. In this study, our objective was to identify the insect active ingredients ofC. curvifloraextract.RESULTSBioassay‐guided isolation of the high active fraction led to the identification of two novel N‐demethyl hexahydrobenzophenanthridine‐type alkaloids, Curviflorain A (1) and Curviflorain B (2), together with nine known alkaloids, ambiguanine A (3), ambiguanine B (4), ambiguanine C (5), 6‐acetylambinine (6), 1,1‐dimethyl‐6‐methoxy‐7‐hydroxyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (7), hendersine B (8), coryximine (9), isochotensine (10) and corysolidine (11). Compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed promising activity to the larvae ofCulex pipiens pallensCoq. andAedes albopictusSkuse.These compounds were also tested against the insect pests,Mythimna separatawalker. andSchizaphis graminumRondani.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide a better understanding of the insecticidal activity ofC. curvifloraextract and the active compounds. This has the potential to lead to a more effective botanical insecticide.
Studies on the novel pyridine sulfide containing SDH based heterocyclic amide fungicide
Authors: Hua Xuewen , Liu Wenrui , Su Yanyan , Liu Xinghai , Liu Jingbo , Liu Nannan , Wang Guiqing , Jiao Xueqin , Fan Xiaoyi , Xue Chenmeng , Liu Yi , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH) has been identified as one of the most significant targets for fungicide discovery. To date, 23 commercial SDH inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides have been approved for plant protection since the first launch of carboxin in 1966, and extensively applied to combat destructive plant fungi.RESULTSIn this project, 20 novel pyridine sulfide derivatives containing SDH‐based heterocyclic amide fungicide were designed, synthesized, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), carbon‐13 (13C)‐NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In vitro fungicidal activity experiment, the target compound I‐1 displayed excellent inhibitory rates against the common agricultural pathogens with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 5.2 to 39.8 μg mL−1. The in vivo fungicidal activities demonstrated that the compound I‐1 could effectively prevent Botrytis cinerea from infecting tomato and cucumber leaves with the preventative rates of 67% and 50%. The mitochondrial membrane potential detection, SDH enzyme assay and the molecular docking simulation revealed that the mechanism of action of the compound I‐1 and the relevant interactions with the target enzyme may be similar to those of the control fluopyram.CONCLUSIONThe biological activity screening and validation of mechanism of action indicated that the compound I‐1 could be identified as a potential SDH inhibitor for further study. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Simulating Spin Chains Using a Superconducting Circuit: Gauge Invariance, Superadiabatic Transport, and Broken Time‐Reversal Symmetry
Authors: Vepsäläinen Antti , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSimulation of materials by using quantum processors is envisioned to be a major direction of development in quantum information science. Here, the mathematical analogies between a triangular spin lattice with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya coupling on one edge and a three‐level system driven by three fields in a loop configuration are exploited to emulate spin‐transport effects. It is shown that the spin transport efficiency, seen in the three‐level system as population transfer, is enhanced when the conditions for superadiabaticity are satisfied. It is demonstrated experimentally that phenomena characteristic to spin lattices due to gauge invariance, non‐reciprocity, and broken time‐reversal symmetry can be reproduced in the three‐level system.
Moving data window gradient‐based iterative algorithm of combined parameter and state estimation for bilinear systems
Authors: Liu Siyu , Ding Feng , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe combined iterative parameter and state estimation problem is considered for bilinear state‐space systems with moving average noise in this paper. There are the product terms of state variables and control variables in bilinear systems, which makes it difficult for the parameter and state estimation. By designing a bilinear state estimator based on the Kalman filtering, the states are estimated using the input‐output data. Furthermore, a moving data window (MDW) is introduced, which can update the dynamical data by removing the oldest data and adding the newest measurement data. A state estimator‐based MDW gradient‐based iterative (MDW‐GI) algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown states and parameters jointly. Moreover, given the extended gradient‐based iterative (EGI) algorithm as a comparison, the MDW‐GI algorithm can reduce the impact of noise to parameter estimation and improve the parameter estimation accuracy. The numerical simulation examples validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Emergent Bilingual Students and Digital Multimodal Composition: A Systematic Review of Research in Secondary Classrooms
Authors: Smith Blaine E. , Pacheco Mark B. , Khorosheva Mariia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in today’s classrooms, a growing body of research continues to explore the varied ways in which digital tools and multiple modalities can tap into emergent bilingual students’ academic and linguistic strengths. To understand the empirical landscape of this growing research, the authors systematically reviewed the literature on emergent bilinguals and digital multimodal composition in secondary classrooms. Through an inductive approach, the authors analyzed 70 studies to understand key findings and characteristics of the extant research. Five main themes of findings emerged across the research. First, a majority of studies illustrated how digital multimodal composing supports emergent bilingual students’ identity expression. With expanded opportunities to share ideas through multiple modes, students used their projects to bridge transnational identities, (re)present themselves, and communicate in empowering ways. Second, nearly half of the studies emphasized how the integration of digital multimodal projects can reshape classrooms by challenging language ideologies, transforming the classroom as a locus for social justice, and expanding temporal and spatial boundaries as students compose for multiple audiences. Third, many studies demonstrated how emergent bilinguals develop as designers and leverage the unique semiotic resources of multiple modes when composing. Fourth, approximately a third of the studies showed how multimodal composition offers emergent bilinguals opportunities to expand their existing linguistic repertoires. Finally, a quarter of the studies illustrated the potential of multiple modes to mediate learning during composing processes. The authors discuss the implications of these themes and critical new directions for future research on digital multimodal composing with emergent bilingual students.
Convolutional Neural Networks accurately predict cover fractions of plant species and communities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery
Authors: Kattenborn Teja , Eichel Jana , Wiser Susan , Burrows Larry , Fassnacht Fabian E. , Schmidtlein Sebastian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) greatly extended our possibilities to acquire high resolution remote sensing data for assessing the spatial distribution of species composition and vegetation characteristics. Yet, current pixel‐ or texture‐based mapping approaches do not fully exploit the information content provided by the high spatial resolution. Here, to fully harness this spatial detail, we apply deep learning techniques, that is, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), on regular tiles of UAV‐orthoimagery (here 2–5 m) to identify the cover of target plant species and plant communities. The approach was tested with UAV‐based orthomosaics and photogrammetric 3D information in three case studies, that is, (1) mapping tree species cover in primary forests, (2) mapping plant invasions by woody species into forests and open land and (3) mapping vegetation succession in a glacier foreland. All three case studies resulted in high predictive accuracies. The accuracy increased with increasing tile size (2–5 m) reflecting the increased spatial context captured by a tile. The inclusion of 3D information derived from the photogrammetric workflow did not significantly improve the models. We conclude that CNN are powerful in harnessing high resolution data acquired from UAV to map vegetation patterns. The study was based on low cost red, green, blue (RGB) sensors making the method accessible to a wide range of users. Combining UAV and CNN will provide tremendous opportunities for ecological applications.
An approach for broad‐scale predictive soil properties mapping in low‐relief areas based on responses to solar radiation
Authors: Liu Feng , Rossiter David G. , Song Xiaodong , Zhang Gan‐Lin , Wu Huayong , Zhao Yuguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn low‐relief areas, easily observed landscape features such as terrain and vegetation often do not spatially co‐vary with soil conditions to the level that they can be effectively used in predictive soil mapping. This paper proposes an approach to predicting soil spatial variation over such areas at a coarse resolution by constructing environmental covariates from the dynamic feedbacks of land surface in response to solar radiation. These feedbacks are captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature observations as a time series of four temperatures per day (1:30 AM, 10:30 AM, 1:30 PM, 10:30 PM) converted into five covariates representing the features of the time series. The approach is demonstrated by mapping sand, silt, soil organic matter (SOM), and pH over a 12,000‐km2low‐relief area of Jiangsu Province, China, using a random forest model trained on 144 soil observations. The model was built and evaluated for 13 single days. For the non‐winter days with relatively high solar radiation, the covariates were strongly correlated with the soil properties, so that their use in predictive mapping gives good results for soil texture and useful results for SOM and pH. We also present plausible physical interpretations for the action of the covariates based on thermal properties of soils. We conclude that, despite the coarse resolution of the MODIS‐derived covariates, the proposed approach is a feasible solution for predictive soil mapping over large areas of low relief and should be investigated at finer resolutions.
Failure of intrathecal allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells to halt progressive demyelination in two boys with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Orchard Paul J. , Miller Weston P. , Nascene Dave R. , Raymond Gerald V. , Loes Daniel J. , McKenna David H. , Lund Troy C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy is an inflammatory demyelinating condition that is the result of a mutation in the X-linked ABCD1 gene, a peroxisomal very long chain fatty acid transporter. Although mutations in this gene result in adrenal insufficiency in the majority of affected individuals, 40% of those affected develop the demyelinating cerebral form, cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD). CALD is characterized by imaging findings of demyelination and contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can arrest progression of CALD early in its course, there is no accepted therapy for patients with advanced CALD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in a variety of clinical trials to capitalize on their anti-inflammatory properties as well as promote tissue repair. We delivered MSCs via intrathecal (IT) route to two boys with rapidly advancing CALD. The first boy received three doses 1 week apart, whereas the second boy received a single dose of IT MSCs. We note delivery of IT MSCs was feasible and without complication. Follow-up MRI scans after IT MSC delivery showed progressive demyelination in the first patient and no change in demyelination or contrast enhancement in the second patient. Although the infusion of IT MSCs was safe, it did not halt CALD progression in this setting, and future studies should focus on patient selection and dose optimization.

Lessons learned Mesenchymal stem cells can be safely delivered to boys with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Advanced cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy may not respond to intrathecal injection. Significance statementCerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) is characterized by imaging findings of demyelination, inflammation, and contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is no accepted therapy for patients with advanced cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were delivered via intrathecal (IT) route to two boys with rapidly advancing CALD in hopes of utilizing their anti-inflammatory ability to halt disease progression. The delivery of IT MSC was feasible and without complication, although follow-up MRI scans after IT MSC delivery showed progressive demyelination in both patients. This may have been due to the advanced nature of disease in the patients or an inadequate cell dose.