bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioextractive Removal of Nitrogen by Oysters in Great Bay Piscataqua River Estuary, New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Bricker Suzanne B. , Grizzle Raymond E. , Trowbridge Philip , Rose Julie M. , Ferreira Joao G. , Wellman Katharine , Zhu Changbo , Galimany Eve , Wikfors Gary H. , Saurel Camille , Landeck Miller Robin , Wands James , Rheault Robert , Steinberg Jacob , Jacob Annie P. , Davenport Erik D. , Ayvazian Suzanne , Chintala Marnita , Tedesco Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEutrophication is a challenge to coastal waters around the globe. In many places, nutrient reductions from land-based sources have not been sufficient to achieve desired water quality improvements. Bivalve shellfish have shown promise as an in-water strategy to complement land-based nutrient management. A local-scale production model was used to estimate oyster (Crassostrea virginica) harvest and bioextraction of nitrogen (N) in Great Bay Piscataqua River Estuary (GBP), New Hampshire, USA, because a system-scale ecological model was not available. Farm-scale N removal results (0.072 metric tons acre−1year−1) were up-scaled to provide a system-wide removal estimate for current (0.61 metric tons year−1), and potential removal (2.35 metric tons year−1) at maximum possible expansion of licensed aquaculture areas. Restored reef N removal was included to provide a more complete picture. Nitrogen removal through reef sequestration was ~ 3 times that of aquaculture. Estimated reef-associated denitrification, based on previously reported rates, removed 0.19 metric tons N year−1. When all oyster processes (aquaculture and reefs) were included, N removal was 0.33% and 0.54% of incoming N for current and expanded acres, respectively. An avoided cost approach, with wastewater treatment as the alternative management measure, was used to estimate the value of the N removed. The maximum economic value for aquaculture-based removal was $105,000 and $405,000 for current and expanded oyster areas, respectively. Combined aquaculture and reef restoration is suggested to maximize N reduction capacity while limiting use conflicts. Comparison of removal based on per oyster N content suggests much lower removal rates than model results, but model harvest estimates are similar to reported harvest. Though results are specific to GBP, the approach is transferable to estuaries that support bivalve aquaculture but do not have complex system-scale hydrodynamic or ecological models.
Case Report of Abdominal Lymphangioma
Authors: Desai Purvi D. , Surani Priyanka A. , Verma Ragini N. , Chauhan Binodini M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a case of massive abdominal lymphangioma in a fetus diagnosed at 28 weeks of gestation. The lesion was located in the abdomen involving lower part of thorax and entire abdominal wall, extending down to the right gluteal region. Detailed structural anomaly scan was performed, growth of the fetus assessed and patient was managed expectantly till delivery.
Indo-Pacific Climate Modes in Warming Climate: Consensus and Uncertainty Across Model Projections
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Tong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Understanding the changes in climate variability in a warming climate is crucial for reliable projections of future climate change. This article reviews the recent progress in studies of how climate modes in the Indo-Pacific respond to greenhouse warming, including the consensus and uncertainty across climate models.

Recent Findings
Recent studies revealed a range of robust changes in the properties of climate modes, often associated with the mean state changes in the tropical Indo-Pacific. In particular, the intermodel diversity in the ocean warming pattern is a prominent source of uncertainty in mode changes. The internal variability also plays an important role in projected changes in climate modes.

Summary
Model biases and intermodel variability remain major challenges for reducing uncertainty in projecting climate mode changes in warming climate. Improved models and research linking simulated present-day climate and future changes are essential for reliable projections of climate mode changes. In addition, large ensembles should be used for each model to reduce the uncertainty from internal variability and isolate the forced response to global warming.
Interfacility patient sharing and Clostridioides difficile infection incidence in the Ontario hospital system: A 13-year cohort study
Authors: Brown Kevin A. , McGeer Allison , Schwartz Kevin L. , Diong Christina , Etches Jacob , Garber Gary , Johnstone Jennie , Langford Bradley , Daneman Nick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Interfacility patient movement plays an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms throughout healthcare systems. We evaluated how 3 alternative measures of interfacility patient sharing were associated with C. difficile infection incidence in Ontario acute-care facilities.

Design:
The cohort included adult acute-care facility stays of ≥3 days between April 2003 and March 2016. We measured 3 facility-level metrics of patient sharing: general patient importation, incidence-weighted patient importation, and C. difficile case importation. Each of the 3 patient-sharing metrics were examined against the incidence of C. difficile infection in the facility per 1,000 stays, using Poisson regression models.

Results:
The analyzed cohort included 6.70 million stays at risk of C. difficile infection across 120 facilities. Over the 13-year period, we included 62,189 new cases of healthcare-associated CDI (incidence, 9.3 per 1,000 stays). After adjustment for facility characteristics, general importation was not strongly associated with C. difficile infection incidence (risk ratio [RR] per doubling, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.24; proportional change in variance [PCV], −2.0%). Incidence-weighted (RR per doubling, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.30; PCV, −8.4%) and C. difficile case importation (RR per doubling, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.29–1.58; PCV, −30.1%) were strongly associated with C. difficile infection incidence.

Conclusions:
In this 13-year study of acute-care facilities in Ontario, interfacility variation in C. difficile infection incidence was associated with importation of patients from other high-incidence acute-care facilities or specifically of patients with a recent history of C. difficile infection. Regional infection control strategies should consider the potential impact of importation of patients at high risk of C. difficile shedding from outside facilities.
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with pediatric healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015–2017
Authors: Weiner-Lastinger Lindsey M. , Abner Sheila , Benin Andrea L. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Kallen Alexander J. , Karlsson Maria , Magill Shelley S. , Pollock Daniel , See Isaac , Soe Minn M. , Walters Maroya S. , Dudeck Margaret A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe common pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among pediatric patients that occurred in 2015–2017 and were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).Methods:Antimicrobial resistance data were analyzed for pathogens implicated in central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs), and surgical site infections (SSIs). This analysis was restricted to device-associated HAIs reported from pediatric patient care locations and SSIs among patients <18 years old. Percentages of pathogens with nonsusceptibility (%NS) to selected antimicrobials were calculated by HAI type, location type, and surgical category.Results:Overall, 2,545 facilities performed surveillance of pediatric HAIs in the NHSN during this period. Staphylococcus aureus (15%), Escherichia coli (12%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (12%) were the 3 most commonly reported pathogens associated with pediatric HAIs. Pathogens and the %NS varied by HAI type, location type, and/or surgical category. Among CLABSIs, the %NS was generally lowest in neonatal intensive care units and highest in pediatric oncology units. Staphylococcus spp were particularly common among orthopedic, neurosurgical, and cardiac SSIs; however, E. coli was more common in abdominal SSIs. Overall, antimicrobial nonsusceptibility was less prevalent in pediatric HAIs than in adult HAIs.Conclusion:This report provides an updated national summary of pathogen distributions and antimicrobial resistance patterns among pediatric HAIs. These data highlight the need for continued antimicrobial resistance tracking among pediatric patients and should encourage the pediatric healthcare community to use such data when establishing policies for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.
Tea consumption and risk of diabetes in the Chinese population: a multi-centre, cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yaling , Li Wei , Qiu Shanhu , Vladmir Carvalho , Xu Xiaohan , Wang Xinling , Nian Xin , Chen Qingyun , Wang Qing , Tu Ping , Zhang Lihui , Yan Sunjie , Li Kaili , Chen Juan , Wu Hang , Wang Xuyi , Wang Xiaohang , Liu Jingbao , Cai Min , Wang Zhiyao , Wang Bei , Sun Zilin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore the influence of tea consumption on diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population. This multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight sites from south, east, north, west and middle regions in China by enrolling 12 017 subjects aged 20–70 years. Socio-demographic and general information was collected by a standardised questionnaire. A standard procedure was used to measure anthropometric characteristics and to obtain blood samples. The diagnosis of diabetes was determined using a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. In the final analysis, 10 825 participants were included and multiple logistic models and interaction effect analysis were applied for assessing the association between tea drinking with diabetes. Compared with non-tea drinkers, the multivariable-adjusted OR for newly diagnosed diabetes were 0·80 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·97), 0·88 (95 % CI 0·71, 1·09) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·11) for daily tea drinkers, occasional tea drinkers and seldom tea drinkers, respectively. Furthermore, drinking tea daily was related to decreased risk of diabetes in females by 32 %, elderly (>45 years) by 24 % and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) by 34 %. Moreover, drinking dark tea was associated with reduced risk of diabetes by 45 % (OR 0·55; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·72; P < 0·01). The results imply that drinking tea daily was negatively related to risk of diabetes in female, elderly and obese people. In addition, drinking dark tea was associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Why magnesium isotope fractionation is absent from basaltic melts under thermal gradients in natural settings
Authors: Xu Yingkui , Zhu Dan , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLaboratory experiments have shown that thermal gradients in silicate melts can lead to isotopic fractionation; this is known as the Richter effect. However, it is perplexing that the Richter effect has not been documented in natural samples as thermal gradients commonly exist within natural igneous systems. To resolve this discrepancy, theoretical analysis and calculations were undertaken. We found that the Richter effect, commonly seen in experiments with wholly molten silicates, cannot be applied to natural systems because natural igneous samples are more likely to be formed out of partially molten magma and the presence of minerals adds complexity to the behaviour of the isotope. In this study, we consider two related diffusion-rate kinetic isotope effects that originate from chemical diffusion, which are absent from experiments with wholly molten samples. We performed detailed calculations for magnesium isotopes, and the results indicated that the Richter effect for magnesium isotopes is buffered by kinetic isotope effects and the total value of magnesium isotope fractionation can be zero or even undetectable. Our study provides a new understanding of isotopic behaviour during the processes of cooling and solidification in natural magmatic systems.
Colorimetric assay for detecting mechanical damage to weed seeds
Authors: Schutte Brian J. , Rashid Abdur , Wood Joseph B. , Marquez Israel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWeed seeds with mechanical damage are more susceptible to mortality in soil than nondamaged seeds. In this study we introduce a colorimetric assay to distinguish mechanically damaged weed seeds from nondamaged weed seeds. Our objectives were to 1) compare steepates from mechanically damaged seeds against steepates from nondamaged seeds for their capacities to reduce resazurin—a nontoxic, water-soluble dye that changes color and light absorbance properties in response to pH; and 2) use light absorbance data from steepate-resazurin solutions to create classification trees for distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Species in this study included barnyardgrass, curly dock, junglerice, kochia, oakleaf datura, Palmer amaranth, spurred anoda, stinkgrass, tall morningglory, and yellow foxtail. Seeds of each species were subjected to mechanical damage treatments that collectively represented a range of damage severities. Damaged and nondamaged seeds were individually soaked in water to produce steepates that were combined with resazurin. Light absorbance properties of steepate-resazurin solutions indicated that for all species except kochia, damaged seeds reduced resazurin to greater extents than nondamaged seeds. Prediction accuracy rates for classification trees that used absorbance values as predictor variables were conditioned by species and damage type. Prediction accuracy rates were relatively low (66% to 86% accurate) for lightly damaged seeds, especially grass weed seeds. Prediction accuracy rates were high (91% to 99% accurate) for severely damaged seeds of specific broadleaf and grass weeds. Steepate-resazurin solutions that successfully separated seeds took no more than 32 h to produce. The results of this study indicate that the resazurin assay is a method for quickly distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Because rapid assessments of seed intactness may accelerate the development of tactics for reducing the number of weed seeds in soil, we advocate further development of resazurin assays by laboratories studying methods for weed seedbank depletion.
Long working hours and change in body weight: analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies
Authors: Virtanen Marianna , Jokela Markus , Lallukka Tea , Magnusson Hanson Linda , Pentti Jaana , Nyberg Solja T. , Alfredsson Lars , Batty G. David , Casini Annalisa , Clays Els , DeBacquer Dirk , Ervasti Jenni , Fransson Eleonor , Halonen Jaana I. , Head Jenny , Kittel France , Knutsson Anders , Leineweber Constanze , Nordin Maria , Oksanen Tuula , Pietiläinen Olli , Rahkonen Ossi , Salo Paula , Singh-Manoux Archana , Stenholm Sari , Suominen Sakari B. , Theorell Töres , Vahtera Jussi , Westerholm Peter , Westerlund Hugo , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
To examine the relation between long working hours and change in body mass index (BMI).

Methods
We performed random effects meta-analyses using individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies from Europe, US and Australia (n = 122,078), with a mean of 4.4-year follow-up. Working hours were measured at baseline and categorised as part time (<35 h/week), standard weekly hours (35–40 h, reference), 41–48 h, 49–54 h and ≥55 h/week (long working hours). There were four outcomes at follow-up: (1) overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) or (2) overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) among participants without overweight/obesity at baseline; (3) obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among participants with overweight at baseline, and (4) weight loss among participants with obesity at baseline.

Results
Of the 61,143 participants without overweight/obesity at baseline, 20.2% had overweight/obesity at follow-up. Compared with standard weekly working hours, the age-, sex- and socioeconomic status-adjusted relative risk (RR) of overweight/obesity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00) for part-time work, 1.07 (1.02–1.12) for 41–48 weekly working hours, 1.09 (1.03–1.16) for 49–54 h and 1.17 (1.08–1.27) for long working hours (P for trend <0.0001). The findings were similar after multivariable adjustment and in subgroup analyses. Long working hours were associated with an excess risk of shift from normal weight to overweight rather than from overweight to obesity. Long working hours were not associated with weight loss among participants with obesity.

Conclusions
This analysis of large individual-participant data suggests a small excess risk of overweight among the healthy-weight people who work long hours.
Association of the prognostic model iSEND with PD-1/L1 monotherapy outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Wungki , Mezquita Laura , Okabe Naoyuki , Chae Young Kwang , Kwon Deukwoo , Saravia Diana , Auclin Edouard , Planchard David , Caramella Caroline , Ferrara Roberto , Agte Sarita , Oh Michael , Mudad Raja , Jahanzeb Mohammad , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Besse Benjamin , Lopes Gilberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Accessible biomarkers are needed for immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously described a multivariate risk prediction model, the iSEND, which categorises advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab into Good, Intermediate or Poor groups. This model was developed by using only clinical and analytical variables (sex, ECOG-performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] and post-treatment delta NLR).

Methods
An international database of 439 patients who received post-platinum PD-1/L1 monotherapies was collected for validation. Performance of the iSEND to different PD-L1 groups was compared by using time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) for their mortality events.

Results
Median follow-up was 18.2 months (95% CI: 15.9–19.6). The overall survival of the iSEND Good (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.22–0.43, p < 0.0001) was superior to the iSEND Poor. Time-dependent PPV for mortality of iSEND Poor was superior to PD-L1 = 0% group at 12 (75 vs. 53%, p = 0.01) and 18 months (85 vs. 46%, p = 0.03). However, female gender did not independently associate with better outcome in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
The iSEND model is associated with the outcome of post-platinum PD-1/L1 monotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients. The iSEND Poor demonstrated a superior performance to PD-L1 = 0% in negative prognostication. Prospective investigation and modelling with other significant parameters in a larger cohort are warranted.
Theory of correlated insulating behaviour and spin-triplet superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene
Authors: Lee Jong Yeon , Khalaf Eslam , Liu Shang , Liu Xiaomeng , Hao Zeyu , Kim Philip , Vishwanath Ashvin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo graphene monolayers twisted by a small magic angle exhibit nearly flat bands, leading to correlated electronic states. Here we study a related but different system with reduced symmetry - twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG), consisting of two Bernal stacked bilayer graphenes, twisted with respect to one another. Unlike the monolayer case, we show that isolated flat bands only appear on application of a vertical displacement field. We construct a phase diagram as a function of twist angle and displacement field, incorporating interactions via a Hartree-Fock approximation. At half-filling, ferromagnetic insulators are stabilized with valley Chern number $${C}_{{\rm{v}}}=\pm 2$$

C

v

=
±
2
. Upon doping, ferromagnetic fluctuations are argued to lead to spin-triplet superconductivity from pairing between opposite valleys. We highlight a novel orbital effect arising from in-plane fields plays an important role in interpreting experiments. Combined with recent experimental findings, our results establish TDBG as a tunable platform to realize rare phases in conventional solids.
Hepatocyte gene expression and DNA methylation as ancestry-dependent mechanisms in African Americans
Authors: Park C. S. , De T. , Xu Y. , Zhong Y. , Smithberger E. , Alarcon C. , Gamazon E. R. , Perera M. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfrican Americans (AAs) are an admixed population with widely varying proportion of West African ancestry (WAA). Here we report the correlation of WAA to gene expression and DNA methylation in AA-derived hepatocytes, a cell type important in disease and drug response. We perform mediation analysis to test whether methylation is a mediator of the effect of ancestry on expression. GTEx samples and a second cohort are used as validation. One hundred and thirty-one genes are associated with WAA (FDR < 0.10), 28 of which replicate and represent 220 GWAS phenotypes. Among PharmGKB pharmacogenes, VDR, PTGIS, ALDH1A1, CYP2C19, and P2RY1 nominally associate with WAA (p < 0.05). We find 1037 WAA-associated, differentially methylated regions (FDR < 0.05), with hypomethylated genes enriched in drug-response pathways. In conclusion, WAA contributes to variability in hepatocyte expression and DNA methylation with identified genes previously implicated for diseases disproportionately affecting AAs, including cardiovascular (PTGIS, PLAT) and renal (APOL1) disease, and drug response (CYP2C19).
Sex-dependent dominance maintains migration supergene in rainbow trout
Authors: Pearse Devon E. , Barson Nicola J. , Nome Torfinn , Gao Guangtu , Campbell Matthew A. , Abadía-Cardoso Alicia , Anderson Eric C. , Rundio David E. , Williams Thomas H. , Naish Kerry A. , Moen Thomas , Liu Sixin , Kent Matthew , Moser Michel , Minkley David R. , Rondeau Eric B. , Brieuc Marine S. O. , Sandve Simen Rød , Miller Michael R. , Cedillo Lucydalila , Baruch Kobi , Hernandez Alvaro G. , Ben-Zvi Gil , Shem-Tov Doron , Barad Omer , Kuzishchin Kirill , Garza John Carlos , Lindley Steven T. , Koop Ben F. , Thorgaard Gary H. , Palti Yniv , Lien Sigbjørn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMales and females often differ in their fitness optima for shared traits that have a shared genetic basis, leading to sexual conflict. Morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes can resolve this conflict and protect sexually antagonistic variation, but they accumulate deleterious mutations. However, how sexual conflict is resolved in species that lack differentiated sex chromosomes is largely unknown. Here we present a chromosome-anchored genome assembly for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and characterize a 55-Mb double-inversion supergene that mediates sex-specific migratory tendency through sex-dependent dominance reversal, an alternative mechanism for resolving sexual conflict. The double inversion contains key photosensory, circadian rhythm, adiposity and sex-related genes and displays a latitudinal frequency cline, indicating environmentally dependent selection. Our results show sex-dependent dominance reversal across a large autosomal supergene, a mechanism for sexual conflict resolution capable of protecting sexually antagonistic variation while avoiding the homozygous lethality and deleterious mutations associated with typical heteromorphic sex chromosomes.