bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer support for people with severe mental illness versus usual care: study protocol for a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (UPSIDES-RCT)
Authors: Moran Galia Sharon , Kalha Jasmine , Mueller-Stierlin Annabel , Kilian Reinhold , Krumm Silvia , Slade Mike , Charles Ashleigh , Mahlke Candelaria , Nixdorf Rebecca Rebecca , Basangwa David , Nakku Juliet , Mpango Richard , Ryan Grace , Shamba Donat , Ramesh Mary , Ngakongwa Fileuka , Grayzman Alina , Pathare Soumitra , Mayer Benjamin , Puschner Bernd 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Peer support is an established intervention involving a person in recovery from mental illness being engaged to offering support to others with mental illness. Peers are an under-used resource in global mental health. Building upon comprehensive formative research, this study will rigorously evaluate the impact of peer support at the levels of service users (psychosocial and clinical outcomes), peer support workers (work role, empowerment), services (cost-effectiveness, return on investment), and implementation (adoption, sustainability, organisational change). Methods: UPSIDES-RCT is a pragmatic parallel-group multi-centre randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of UPSIDES at four measurement points over one year (baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up), and embedded process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Research will take place in a range of high-, middle- and low-income countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Israel, Uganda, Tanzania, India). The primary outcome is social inclusion of service users with severe mental illness (N= 558; N = 93 per site) at 8-month follow-up, measured with the Social Inclusion Scale. Secondary outcomes include empowerment (Empowerment Scale), hope (HOPE scale), recovery (Stages of Recovery), and health and social functioning (Health of the Nations Outcome Scales). Mixed-methods process evaluation will investigate mediators and moderators of effect, and implementation experiences of four UPSIDES stakeholder groups (service users, peer support workers, mental health workers, and policy makers). A cost-effectiveness analysis examining cost-utility and health budget impact will estimate the value for money of UPSIDES peer support. Discussion: By implementing and evaluating a manualized peer support intervention for people with severe mental illness across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, this study will contribute to harmonising core elements of peer support across different cultural and organisational dimensions. The UPSIDES-RCT will explore the essential components necessary to create a peer support model in mental health care, while providing the evidence required to sustain and eventually scale-up the intervention. Performance of mental health services will be maximised by actively involving and empowering service users, generating system changes towards user-centeredness, recovery orientation, community participation, and realising mental health as a human right. Trail registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN26008944. Registered 30 October 2019, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN26008944.
Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Johansson Melker Staffan , Søgaard Karen , Prescott Eva , Marott Jacob Louis , Schnohr Peter , Holtermann Andreas , Korshøj Mette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether it is enough to walk more, or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed. It is also unclear if this differs between adults and older adults. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. We estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day) using the software Acti4. SBP, WC and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Eligible participants had to have ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and not use antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations.Results: Among the 1053 eligible participants we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) analyses showed that less sedentary behaviour and more walking compared to the group-specific mean composition was marginally associated with lower SBP among older adults, but not among adults. Less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was among both adults and older adults marginally associated with a lower SBP, associated with a smaller WC among adults (marginally among older adults) and associated with a lower LDL-C in both age groups.Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower risk of CVD among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults.
Geometry optimization, factors screening, and introduce a predicting mathematical model of inhalation exposure chamber’s performance.
Authors: Rajabi-Vardanjani Hassan , Asilian-Mahabadi Hassan , Bayareh Morteza , Sedehi Morteza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Optimizing the geometry of an inhalation exposure chamber (IEC) results in a uniform and stable distribution of the test atmosphere and enables the modeling of its performance. This study was conducted for the first time to optimize and model the performance of an IEC.Methods The current study was performed on the initial design of the ASRA chamber and to optimize and model it. The matrix of experiments was determined by the design expert software (DE7). The mean of particle concentration (MPC) in the respiratory zone of animals as the response variable, and height of the cylindrical section of the chamber, carrier gas density, inlet concentration, and particle aerodynamic diameter ( da ) as independent variables were considered. Experiments were performed by numerical simulation using ANSYS Workbench package. Particle concentration sampling was measured in 40 points at the opening of each holder in CFD-Post software. To determine the optimal range of the chamber's height, the different of MPC among the holders’ opening was investigated by the ANOVA test. The final mathematical model was achieved by analyzing the response variables in DE7.Results Thirty designs in five geometries with different heights were introduced as the matrix of experiments by DE7. The optimal height was obtained 2-2.5 times the radial of the cylindrical section. Analysis of the results suggested a linear model (2FI) with coefficients of recognition higher than 99%. The final model was significant with the presence of the inlet concentration and da . Gas density and height had no significant effect and were removed ( P >0.05).Conclusion The optimization of the geometry of the ASRA chamber resulted in a uniform and stable distribution of the particles and provided an accurate mathematical model to predict the particle concentration in the target zone.
Identification of virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2-18
Authors: Haq Fazal , Shah Syed Mashab Ali , Xie Shiwang , Huang Kunxuan , Ma Wenxiu , Cai LuLu , Xu Xiameng , Xu Zhengyin , Wang Sai , Zou Lifang , Zhu Bo , Chen Gongyou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is incited by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum ( Xcm ), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), encoded by tal -genes, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads. Characterized strains of cotton pathogenic Xcm harbor 6-13 different tal genes and only one of them is functionally decoded. Further identification of novel tal genes in Xcm strains with virulence contributions are prerequisite to decipher the Xcm -cotton interactionsResults In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xss-V 2 -18, a highly-virulent strain of Xcm from China, and assessed their role in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V 2 -18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning Bam HI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn 5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region (CRR) of each tal gene. Xcm TALome evolutionary relationship based on TALEs CRR revealed relatedness of Xss-V 2 -18 to MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. However, Tal2 of Xss-V 2 -18 differs at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, inferred functional dissimilarity. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta . Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2 . One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans , the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta , thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18.Conclusions Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm strain Xss-V 2 -18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.
Articaine and Dexmedetomidine – supplemented Articaine for arteriovenous fistula creation under ultrasound- guided supraclavicular block
Authors: Armanious Simon Halim , Hameed Gamal Adel Abd el 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Articaine has emerged as local anesthetic, that produce sensory and motor blockade shorter than bupivacaine and lower in neurotoxicity than lidocaine. Studies have shown that adding dexmedetomidine to local anesthetic produce prolongation of sensory and motor bock duration. Early regain of motor power with adequate analgesia is needed in hemodialysis fistula creation, for early start of physiotherapy. We designed this study to test efficacy of adding dexmedetomidine to Articaine on the duration of sensory and motor block. Methods: After university review board approval, informed written consent to participate in the study was obtained. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing radiocephalic hemodialysis fistula creation were eligible for enrollment in this double blind, randomized trial. Patients receive either 40 ml of 2% Articaine hydrochloride or 40 ml of Articaine 2% mixed with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg). sensory block duration in minutes is assessed by pinprick test and motor block duration in minutes is tested by Bromage scale, both are recorded as a primary outcome. Secondary outcome included onset of sensory and motor block, time for rescue analgesia, hemodynamic changes, over sedation and possible side effect all were recorded. Results: fifty patients were enrolled in the study (25 in Articaine group A and 25 in Articaine dexmedetomidine group AD). Longer sensory block duration was in group AD (230 to 260 min) than in group A (172 to 185min) with p <0.001. Also, motor block duration was significantly longer in group AD 220±110min than in group A 165±45. The duration of effective analgesia was significantly longer in group AD (363 ± 134 min) versus (244 ± 84) min in group A. The onset of block was short and similar between groups. In group AD one patient didn’t ask for analgesia in 24 h postoperative and another patient showed excessive somnolence. There was no other difference in both groups. Conclusion : The addition of dexmedetomidine to Articaine during ultrasound guided supraclavicular block increase duration of sensory and motor block and prolong time of first analgesia required. Although we didn’t detect significant reduction in onset time of block. Further study is needed with larger sample size.
SIRT3 deficiency is resistant to erastin-induced autophagy-dependent ferroptosis by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR pathway and promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 levels
Authors: Han Dandan , Jiang Lili , Gu Xiaolong , Huang Shimeng , Pang Jiaman , Wu Yujun , Feng Cuiping , Yin Jingdong , Wang Junjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis, an autophagy-dependent cell death, is characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, closely associated with pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has positive regulation on phosphorylation of AMPK, related to maintainance of cellular redox homeostasis. However, whether SIRT3 can confer autophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR pathway and consequently promote induction of ferroptosis is unknown. Methods: We used human trophoblastic cell line HTR-8/SVneo and porcine trophoblastic cell line pTr2 to deterimine the mechanism of SIRT3 on autophagy and ferroptosis. Results: The expression of SIRT3 protein was significantly elevated in trophoblastic cells exposed to high concentrations of glucose and ferroptosis-inducing compounds. Increased SIRT3 expression contributed to classical ferroptotic events and autophagy activation, whereas SIRT3 silencing led to resistance against both ferroptosis and autophagy. In addition, autophagy inhibition impaired SIRT3-enhanced ferroptosis. On the contrary, autophagy induction had a synergistic effect with SIRT3. Based on mechanistic investigations, SIRT3 depletion inhibited activation of the AMPK-mTOR pathway and enhanced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level, thereby suppressing autophagy and ferroptosis. Furthermore, depletion of AMPK blocked induction of ferroptosis in trophoblasts. Conclusions: We concluded that upregulated SIRT3 enhanced autophagy activation by promoting AMPK-mTOR pathway and decreasing GPX4 level to induce ferroptosis in trophoblastic cells. SIRT3 deficiency was resistant to high glucose- and erastin-induced autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and is therefore a potential therapeutic approach for treating GDM.
Fragmented QRS as an early predictor of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in healthy individuals: A nested case-control study in the era of speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Jamali Zahra , Razeghian-Jahromi Iman , Sayadi Mehrab , Abtahi Firoozeh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases have been become a concerning health challenge throughout the world. Stopping this condition needs applying early, yet inexpensive diagnostic methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on 12-lead EKG for detecting left ventricular dysfunction in healthy individuals.Methods: Out of 500 healthy participants without detected cardiovascular disorders from Shiraz Heart Study cohort, 20 subjects diagnosed with fQRS (case) and 20 peers without fQRS (control) were participated. Global longitudinal strain was measured by speckle tracking echocardiography for two groups. Comparison was made between case and control groups by using chi-square or independent sample t-test or ANOVA. P value of less than 5% considered statistical significance. Results: There was no difference between the case and the control groups in terms of age, gender, ejection fraction, left ventricular volume and dimensions. Out of 40 subjects, 14 had reduced GLS (≤20%) with 10 of them had fQRS. GLS in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group.Conclusions: Apparent healthy subjects with fQRS diagnosed with left ventricular systolic dysfunction with respect to GLS despite normal ejection fraction. It seems that EKG, as one of the simplest way toward assessing heart function, could be a prominent informative clue to detect high-risk individuals among healthy population in advance.
Characterization of clinical and genetic spectrum of Chinese patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Liu Keqiang , Xu Wenshuai , Meng Xiao , Zhao Xinyue , Zhang Qianli , Song Jiaxing , Chen Keqi , Tian Xinlun , Liu Yaping , Xu Kai-Feng , Zhang Xue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the CFTR gene. The clinical features and mutation spectrum of CF have been well characterized in Caucasians, while limited studies were conducted in Chinese patients.Subjects and methods A total of 20 individuals from 19 families were diagnosed with CF in this study. We analyzed the clinical features and screened all coding exons of CFTR using a combination of Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis.Results The median age at onset was 9.3 years in our cohort, while the median age at diagnosis was 19 years. The respiratory system was most frequently affected in this study: all patients (100%, 19/19) presented with diffuse bronchiectasis and 61.1% (11/18) patients showed a forced expiratory volume in 1 s below 80% predicted. Six patients (6/20, 30%) exhibited allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Only 4 (4/20, 20%) patients presented with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PI). Three adult male patients receiving examinations for congenital bilateral absence of vas deference (CBAVD) were all found with CBAVD. A total of 22 distinct mutations were detected in this cohort, with the variant p.G970D as the most common variant (12/38 alleles, 31.6%). Among these mutations, 5 (p.Y109D, p.I203F, p.D572E, p.R1066S and exon 2-3 deletion) were novel mutations, which expanded the mutation spectrum.Conclusions Chinese CF patients showed different clinical features and a distinct CFTR mutation spectrum, compared with Caucasians. There is a significant diagnosis delay, suggesting the current underdiagnosis of CF in China.
Modelling Morquio A syndrome: an anthropometric study of body characteristics and stature
Authors: Różdżyńska-Świątkowska Agnieszka , Szklanny Krzysztof , Marucha Jolanta , Tylki-Szymańska Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Morquio A syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA is an autosomal recessive, life-limiting lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of the enzyme galactosamine-6-sulfatase. Common early symptoms such as abnormalities of body stature can facilitate timely diagnosis. The aim of this study was to create a pattern of face and body stature based on anthropometric measurements taken from a cohort of Polish patients with MPS IVA. Methods: Analysis of 11 somatometric and 14 craniofacial features was performed on 20 patients with MPS IVA, aged from 3 months to 26 years. Diagnosis of MPS IVA was confirmed by enzymatic and molecular analysis. Two-tailed t-tests were used to compare mean values for body length and weight at birth between the MPS IVA patients and the general population. To show the degree and direction of deviation z-scores were calculated and then used to construct a model of an average MPS IVA patient. Results: Mean values for body height and weight at birth were greater for boys than for the general population. The observed pattern of head and body shape indicated that dwarfism occurred with increasing age as a result of relatively short trunk and lower limbs. Skeletal abnormalities included a bell-shaped chest with ratio of chest depth and chest width was significantly above the norm. The head and neck were relatively elongated in comparison to body height and tucked between narrow shoulders. The head was narrow and elongated, while the nose was short with wide nostrils. Conclusions: Multiple measurements – including age ranges – allowed the creation of a model that showed the most characteristic features of the MPS IVA phenotype.
HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North-South collaborations and relationships.
Authors: González-Alcaide Gregorio , Menchi-Elanzi Marouane , Nacarapa Edy , Ramos-Rincón José-Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background HIV/AIDS has attracted considerable research attention since the 1980s. In the current context of globalization and the predominance of cooperative work, it is crucial to analyze the participation of the countries and regions where the infection is most prevalent, African continent being the hardest hit (67.5% of estimated cases). This study assesses the participation of African countries in publications on the topic, as well as the degree of equity or influence existing in North-South relations.Methods We identified all articles and reviews of HIV/AIDS indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. We analyzed the scientific production, collaboration, and contributions from African and Middle Eastern countries to scientific activity in the region. The concept of leadership was used to determine the equity in research produced through international collaboration.Results A total of 68,808 documents published from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed. Researchers from North America and Europe participated in 82.14% of the global scientific production on HIV/AIDS, compared to just 21.61% from Africa and the Middle East. Furthermore, the research that did come out of these regions was concentrated in a small number of countries, led by South Africa (41% of the documents). Other features associated with HIV/AIDS research from Africa include the importance of international collaboration from the USA, the UK, and other European countries (75%-93% of the documents) and the limited leadership that is evident (30% to 36% of the documents). Finally, the research to which African countries contributed had a notably different disciplinary orientation, with a predominance of research on public health, epidemiology, and drug therapy.Conclusions It is essential to foster more balance in research output, avoid the concentration of resources that reproduces the global North-South model on the African continent, and focus the research agenda on local priorities. To accomplish this, the global North should strengthen the transfer of research skills and seek equity in cooperative ties, favoring the empowerment of African countries. These efforts should be concentrated in countries with low scientific activity and high incidence and prevalence of the disease. It is also essential to foster intraregional collaborations between African countries.