bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Topology Optimization using K-Fold Cross Validation for Spray Drying of Coconut Milk
Authors: Lee Kar Ming Jesse , Saleena Taip Farah , Shamsul Anuar Mohd , Bahari Mohd Noor Samsul , Abdullah Zalizawati 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, the development of an optimized topology neural network model for spray drying coconut milk is investigated using K-fold cross validation technique. Performance between standalone ANN and ANN with K-fold cross validation is compared, as K-fold cross validation method is integrated into neural network to overcome the limitations of restricted dataset. With inlet temperature (140 °C-180 °C), concentration of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate (0 w/w %- 10w/w %) are established as the input parameters, while moisture content (3.64%-5.1%), outlet temperature (76.5 °C-104.5 °C) and surface free fat percentage (0.35%-34.51%) are the output parameters for the neural network. Experimental data from the spray drying process is used to develop the neural network. Selection from the best training algorithm (gradient descent backpropagation, gradient descent with momentum, resilience backpropagation, conjugate gradient backpropagation with Polak-Riebre restarts, conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher-Reeves, scaled conjugate gradient, Broyden-Flectcher-Goldfard-Shanno backpropagation algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation), transfer function (tansig, logsig, purelin and satlin), number of training runs (1000-5000), number of hidden layers (1-3) and nodes (5-15) have significant effect on the performance of the ANN models based on the lowest MSE values and R2 values. Overall, the optimum topology ANN model with k-fold cross validation outperformed the recorded lowest MSE value of 0.064 and highest R2 value of 0.855 compared to the optimum standalone ANN model with MSE value of 0.082 and R2 value of 0.832. The optimum ANN with K-fold cross validation implements the Levenberg-Marquart training algorithm with hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function using 4500 times training runs with optimal topology configuration of 3-8-2-3. Result concludes that the developed neural network using K-fold cross validation represents the spray drying process as a highly reliable model with high degree of accuracy.
Supply chain pinch analysis to optimal planning of biogas production
Authors: Kow Z Y , Tan Jully , Kiew P L , Zanil M F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Supply chain is essential for an organization as it helps to maximize the operations which are profitable through the production, capacity, subcontracting, inventory and stock outs optimum levels. The traditional supply chain involves high documentation cost, with data involved that are mostly inaccurate and useless. In supply chain, the system of production plays an important role. The pinch analysis concept is initially used in the approach of energy conservation, and has extended to the optimization of resources and process integration. This paper presents the application of supply chain using pinch and cascade analysis for biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Biogas falls under the renewable energy where it can be produced via anaerobic digestion of POME. POME contributes to huge environmental impact mainly due to its high organic content. Supply chain via pinch analysis is used targeting to eliminate or reduce the difficulties faced in conventional supply chain. In this biogas supply chain analysis, it aims to meet the demand in a specific time frame. Minimum production rates are determined as accordance to the demand of electricity from 2020 to 2050. The pinch points are the points where the supply and demand are at the minimum, which the optimum production rate of electricity is able to determine from supply chain via pinch analysis. Monte Carlo Simulation tool is involved in the later stage of the study. It is used in the findings of analysing the increment of more than 10% of up-scale and down-scale production demand for each year for 35 years. The simulation is done from 2016 to 2035 of every five years interval. At the end of the study, the optimization of biogas production was achieved with the application of supply chain via pinch analysis. The supply and demand of biogas to electricity projection from 2020 to 2050 is forecasted. The optimal planning of electricity production from biogas was indicated in the supply chain cascade analysis.
Improvement of Gasification Efficiency with Consideration for Microwave Input Power on Biogas Reformulation by Microwave Plasma Assisted Combustion
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Uchiyama S. , Matsune H. , Kishida M. 
Published: May 2020

Extended Abstract
In recent years, the effective use of low grade fossil fuel and the diversity of fuels are required due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels, global warming and the nuclear accident caused by the Tohoku earthquake in Japan. The studies of brown coal, biomass, biofuel, etc. are being conducted to expand the use of these fuels throughout the world. We have paid attention to biogas among such low grade fuels. Biogas is a carbon neutral fuel to be generated from garbage, livestock manure, sewage sludge, etc. CO2 emitted by its combustion is not converted to greenhouse gases. On the other hand, biogas is primarily composed of 60% CH4 and 40% CO2, and has a low calorific value. Low calorific value does not make biogas easy to apply to a conventional energy utility system. To utilize biogas, it is necessary to develop the combustion promotion technology of biogas or upgrade biogas.
Application of Surfactant-Polymer Flooding for Improving Oil Recovery in the Indonesian Oil Field
Authors: Hasokowati W , Rochmadi  , Purwono S , Murachman B , Wintoko J , Yuliansyah A T , Azis M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of surfactant and polymer found in the market and developed in the laboratory such as Sodium Ligno Sulfonat, Poly Vynil Alcohol (PVA) and Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer on the oil recovery which can be used to optimize recovery and minimize residual oil in the reservoir by: lowering the oil / water interfacial tension and improving mobility ratio. The effectiveness of chemicals was tested through micro displacement using artificial reservoir as porous medium. The procedure of operation is as follows: initially the reservoir model was filled with brine until it was 100 % saturated. Then to represent oil migration, oil was injected into the medium until minimum water saturation (Swc) of about 30 % is reached. After this, the medium was flooded by the same brine until minimum oil saturation, Sor, was reached, which was about 10 %. The oil remaining in the reservoir model after this water flood was then subjected to the injection of various chemicals for additional oil recovery. A set of mathematical model of oil displacement from porous media using water and polymer flooding has also been developed, based on fundamental theories of two phase flow. Since the model includes the material balance of the water, surfactant and polymer, the concentration of the surfactant and polymer at any position and time can be predicted. The oil displacement experiments show that as much as 20 % to 60 % of remaining oil can be recovered by flooding it with the chemical developed in the laboratory. The results also show the oil recovery depends on chemical, chemical concentration, pressure and temperature in the model reservoir, and crude oil. It turns that the mathematical models proposed were in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Agile solar roof tile HVAC
Authors: Sinha S , Abdul Manaf N , Pethe K , Tri Luu M , Milani D , Abbas A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the technical feasibility of a novel solar roof tile (SRT) to be used for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) in buildings. The SRT utilizes a phase change material (PCM) for thermal storage. The SRT works like a conventional thermal storage tank while featuring compact size and lower cost. Two heat exchangers are connected one each on the top and bottom of the PCM matrix. The top heat exchanger functions as an absorber of solar heat. Aqueous sodium hydroxide passes to the top heat exchanger from a storage sump. The bottom heat exchanger is the condenser and evaporator with water passing through the heat exchanger. The cooling system is integrated inside the customised roof tile interlocking system. This system uses roof tiles that have higher performance during extreme weather conditions and lower maintenance costs. In this paper, we have investigated the thermal performance and technical feasibility of the proposed solar SRT-HVAC system. This proposition eliminates conventional thermal storage tanks used in solar thermal collectors. The dynamic performance of the SRT under transient conditions is evaluated using the TRNSYS modelling package, which shows the influence of design variables like insulation points and charging/discharging durations on thermal storage performance.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Kapok Seed Oil using CaO/Dolomite Catalyst and Its Comparison with Homogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Sutrisno Bachrun , Dysca Sanada Maydina , Kurniawan Winarto , Hidayat Arif , Hinode Hirofumi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel as renewable energy resources has been attracted more intense study because of the alternative effort to reduce dependency of fossil fuel. Commonly biodiesel production is produced using edible oils as feedstock. However, the problems related to the competition between foods versus energy supply have been concerned in the past few decades. The dependency on edible oils as biodiesel feedstock could be reducing by using non edible oils. Furthermore, using non edible oil as feedstock will make the biodiesel prices appropriate to compete with fossil fuel prices. In this research, synthesis of biodiesel from kapok seed oil using CaO/Dolomite catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst and its comparison with homogeneous catalyst was studied. The properties of CaO/Dolomite catalysts were determined in term of porosity analysis (adsorption and desorption of N2), crystaline structure (X-Ray Diffraction), and analysis of element compositons (X-Ray Fluorescence). The biodiesel yield as high as was 92.9% achieved at following reaction conditions: 60°C of reaction temperature, 3:1 methanol to KSO mass ratio, and catalyst amount 10 wt. % of KSO.
Pyrolysis and Carbon Dioxide Gasification Kinetics of Pine Cones and Lignite Blends
Authors: Ang Janica Y. , Dee Perry C. , Tan Amos B. , Bungay Vergel C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study determines the kinetic parameters of blended Pinus kesiya, Pinus elliottii, and Indonesian lignite in co-pyrolysis and co-gasification. Nine binary blends and three ternary blends were tested using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Pyrolysis was carried out in an argon atmosphere and DTG plots showed that Pinus kesiya had the highest maximum pyrolysis rate while Pinus elliottii had the lowest starting decomposition temperature. Similarly, blends with Pinus elliottii had lower maximum pyrolysis rates and lower starting decomposition temperatures than those with Pinus kesiya. Ternary blends, however, have starting decomposition temperatures and maximum pyrolysis rates close to those of pure Pinus elliottii. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) model was used to obtain the reaction rate constants and activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions of various blends. Co-gasification of the mixtures was also done in a CO2 environment at gasification temperatures of 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. The conversion-time data obtained were fitted using five different gas-solid reaction models.
Biogas production from cassava waste: effect of concentration
Authors: Kohmuean P , Boonrod N , Wongkoblap A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the lactic acid production from cassava, there is cassava waste generated from saccharification process. This study intends to investigate the effects of substrate concentration on fermentative methane and carbon dioxide from cassava waste using activated sludge obtained from the cassava production plant and the biogas production was determined in batch experiments. The ratio between cassava waste and sludge of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:0 at 34°C were used in this investigation. The rate of fermentation and methane yield were observed during the fermentation. First, we investigated whether the biogas can occur without the additional microorganism. It was found that methane can occur within 6 days for the batch adding the biological sludge, while it cannot be observed in the case of the reactor free of adding the microflora. The suitable ratio in this study was found that cassava waste and sludge of 1:1 can produce the greatest biomethane in biogas. The quality of biogas occurred in batch reactor composed of 63.1% CH4, 34.4% CO2, 2.2% of oxygen and 0.3% of other gases. It is noted that at this ratio, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was not detected while it was 4 ppm in the case of higher sludge added in the reactor.
Process Design and Steady State Simulation of Natural Gas Dehydration Using Triethylene Glycol (TEG) to Obtain The Optimum Total Annual Costs (TAC)
Authors: Kharisma N , Arianti P S D , Affandy S A , Anugraha R P , Juwari  , Renanto  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Natural gas is one of the most desired raw materials which can be used in petrochemical industries or as energy resource. Natural gas usually obtained from underground reservoirs and it must go through purification process so it can be utilized. All acid gas compounds such as H2S, CO2 and all liquids including H2O must be removed. Most industries use triethylene glycol (TEG) dehydration unit to absorb water from natural gas streams. Therefore, further research about design and optimization of dehydration unit using TEG should be conducted since the optimization of dehydration unit using TEG affects to safety, operability, and stability of the process. In this study, the optimization of TEG Dehydration Unit process is conducted to minimize the Total Annual Costs (TAC) and improve the efficiency of the process. Aspen Plus software is used to perform the simulation of TEG dehydration process. Optimization is conducted by changing several of the base case operating conditions which have been created using existing condition to obtain the optimum conditions with minimum TAC on the existing circumstances. The variables that are used in this research is absorber column pressure (35-45 barg with 2.5 barg interval) and lean TEG temperature (39-49°C with 2°C interval). The constrain of the absorber column pressure is less than 45 barg, since the natural gas feed pressure from well is 45.16 barg. The results show that by changing some operating conditions can reduce the size of the column, reduce the energy costs including steam, cooling water, and electricity costs. Therefore, it can reduce the TAC of the natural gas dehydration unit. The validation simulation results of the steady state of the TEG Dehydration Unit using Aspen Plus and the real plant produces relatively small % error, so it can be used to create a base case using the existing data. The mole fraction of H2O in dehydrated gas after optimization using Aspen Plus is 0.000178 while in real plant the result is 0.000200. The simulation results can reduce the TAC from 3, 416, 739 USD to 2, 973, 219 USD.
Optimization of Small-Scale Natural Gas Liquefaction using Nitrogen Expander with Precooled Cycle
Authors: Henryawan M A , Purwanto W W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen expander is the liquefaction process which suitable for small scale liquefied natural gas plant because its characteristic. However, the major issue of technology is low energy efficiency. In this study, optimization of small-scale natural gas liquefaction process using nitrogen expander with precooled cycles were conducted. The specific energy consumption is chosen as an objective function with decision variables are natural gas pressure after compression, nitrogen pressure after compression, inlet temperature of high pressure expander, evaporation temperature in precooling cycle, and type of precooling refrigerant. The refrigerant used for precooling cycle are propane, cyclopropane, isobutane, butane, and neopentane. The simulation and optimization processes are are performed by UniSim and GAMS software. The results show that integrating precooling cycle to the nitrogen expander system can reduce specific energy consumption up to 25, 24% and propane is the most effective precooling refrigerant.
Incineration of Ammonia Wastewater and The Effect to The Environment
Authors: A Rahim B Norman A. , Noorhidayah Bt Hussein B. , Fadzrul Izwan B M Ali C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Wastewater containing ammonia is normally sent to the wastewater treatment system in a chemical plant for the removal of ammonia compound. Alternatively, it is proposed to remove the ammonia compound by incinerating the wastewater using the existing incinerator system. However, it is essential to ensure that the gaseous and aqueous emission produced by the incinerator system do not exceed the Clean Air Regulations (CAR) 2014 and Industrial Effluent Regulations (IER) 2009 limits, especially the nitrogen oxides (NOx) content and unburnt ammonia compound. A process simulation model of the incinerator system was developed using a Gibbs energy minimization reactor approach coupled with Gasification property package to predict the products of the incineration process. Two case study runs were conducted to evaluate the impact of incinerator operating temperature and ammonia concentration in the wastewater feed. Theoretically, there are two causes of NOx production; from thermal NOx (oxidation of nitrogen at high temperature) and fuel NOx (oxidation of liberated nitrogen from ammonia). The study showed that the thermal NOx effect is significantly higher than fuel NOx effect through this study. This is because the total liberated nitrogen molecules from the intended concentration of ammonia in the aqueous water is comparatively small when compared with the amount of nitrogen molecules in the combustion air. Based on the case study results, there is very minimal impact of ammonia injection on total NOx production as the incinerator temperature is commonly controlled on a fixed set point. There is also opportunity to reduce fuel gas requirement because the heating value of the waste streams increases through the combustion of hydrogen molecules in ammonia.
Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater From Food Industry using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Treatment on the Tertiary Stage
Authors: Haslija Abu Bakar Ayu , Thaarani Priya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Water pollution occurs when toxic pollutants of varying kinds (organic and inorganic) are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove such potential pollutants. Today’s sources of these potential pollutants, which cause high deterioration of freshwater quality, are industrial waste discharge, and industrial waste disposal practices. Therefore, the development of wastewater treatment processes to alleviate water pollution has been challenging and demanding. Food wastewater was characterized using COD, DO, Turbidity, pH, TS, TDS, and TSS. Comprising a mixture of areas including physical, and chemical methods to remove various potential pollutants. In this study, coagulation, sedimentation, and adsorption treatment were used to remove the pollutants contained in wastewater and also the treated water recycled back to the food processing industry. In addition, Superpro Designer Software was used to design a water recycling system that successfully meets the requirements of the standard A Regulation on Malaysia Environmental Quality.
COD Treatment of Printing Ink Wastewater by Column Adsorption using Activated Carbon
Authors: Haslija Abu Bakar Ayu , Elvira Veni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Direct discharge of untreated industrial effluents containing high COD is hazardous to the environment. This study explores the efficiency of commercial activated carbon to uptake of the organic components responsible for the chemical oxygen demand of ink wastewater by column adsorption. The main objective of this research is to reduce the COD of ink wastewater to below its predetermined standard adopted from WHO and Environmental Quality Regulation 2009. For this purpose, the wastewater was investigated by analyzing its characteristic including pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, colour, turbidity and COD. Meanwhile, activated carbon used is PKSAC (Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon). COD adsorption studies with this activated carbon were carried out under different conditions and influence by different parameters such as pH and bed height in column adsorption. The performance study showed the condition in which pH does not show significant effect on the COD removal and the highest percentage of COD removal were found at bed height 3 cm with the percentage removal of 65%. This indicate, % of COD removal increase with increasing in bed height. Furthermore, the minimum bed height required to treat the water sample was recorded to be 0.8 cm analyzed by BDST model. The present study prove that the activated carbon was one of the effective ways in removal of COD.
Immobilization of cadmium (Cd2+) in contaminated soil using biochar derived from Calophyllum inophyllum (bitaog) seed husks
Authors: Oblepias J L , Pana T N , Villanueva M , Dimaano M N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many heavy metals such as cadmium found in contaminated soil naturally leach out and seep in groundwater through time. Natural leaching is further accelerated in acidic conditions specifically with acid rain. This study investigated the effectiveness of biochar derived from Calophyllum inophyllum (Bitaog) seed husks as an immobilizing agent through a simulated acid rain leaching test (equivalent to 100 years of acid rain) using artificially contaminated soil. Furthermore, magnetization and phosphoric acid treatment were utilized to produce modified biochar where Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that the modifications led to the enhancement of physiochemical properties such as fixed carbon content, surface morphology, and surface chemistry respectively. Walkley-Black Loss on Ignition test showed that all the biochar amendment increased the organic matter content of soil making it attractive for in-soil applications. Adsorption kinetic and isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption mechanism of cadmium onto the soil amended with modified and unmodified biochar where experimental results showed that the adsorption best fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The leaching test results showed that the soil amended with magnetic and phosphoric acid modified biochar were not suitable as immobilizing agents especially in highly acidic conditions. Whereas the unmodified biochar significantly reduced leached cadmium concentration by 40.02% than in unamended soil as shown by the AAS results. Bitaog derived biochar was affirmed to be potentially effective for the long-term immobilization of cadmium in contaminated soil while may simultaneously increase soil fertility.