bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance for T1 cancer in colorectal lesions ≥10 mm by optical characterization using magnifying narrow‐band imaging combined with magnifying chromoendoscopy; implications for optimized stratification by Japan Narrow‐band Imaging Expert Team classification
Authors: Hosotani Kazuya , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Ito Sayo , Kishida Yoshihiro , Yabuuchi Yohei , Yoshida Masao , Kawata Noboru , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMagnifying narrow‐band imaging (M‐NBI) and magnifying chromoendoscopy (M‐CE) enable accurate diagnosis of T1 colorectal cancer, but the diagnostic yields from combined M‐NBI and CE have not been fully analyzed. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of combining Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification using M‐NBI and M‐CE.MethodsSuperficial colorectal lesions ≥10 mm removed at a Japanese tertiary cancer center between February 2016 and December 2018 were included. We analyzed the relationship between JNET classification, M‐CE findings, and histological results based on prospectively collected endoscopic and pathologic data.ResultsA total of 1573 lesions, including 56 superficial submucosal invasive cancers, 160 deep submucosal invasive cancers, and 81 advanced cancers (≥T2) were analyzed. The probability of deeply invasive cancer (95% confidence interval) was 1.8% (1.1–2.8), 30.1% (25.4–35.1), and 96.6% (91.5–99.1) in JNET Types 2A, 2B, and 3, respectively. The probability of deeply invasive cancer in JNET Type 2B lesions with non‐V, VL, and VH pit pattern was 4.3%, 16.6%, 76.0%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed the stratification by M‐NBI using JNET classification and the effect of additional M‐CE for JNET Type 2B lesions.
Risk factors and outcomes of anxiety symptom trajectories in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Whitworth S. R. , Bruce D. G. , Starkstein S. E. , Davis T. M. E. , Skinner T. C. , Davis W. A. , Bucks R. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo identify determinants and outcomes of 4‐year trajectories of anxiety symptoms in a community‐based cohort with type 2 diabetes.MethodsSome 1091 participants in the Fremantle Diabetes Study‐Phase II with type 2 diabetes completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale at baseline and biennially for 4 years, in addition to psychological, biomedical and self‐management measures. Latent growth mixture modelling identified trajectories of anxiety symptom severity, and regression models determined predictors of trajectory membership and associated outcomes.ResultsTwo distinct groups of participants were identified: those with continuously low–no anxiety symptoms (87%) and those with improving but consistently high anxiety symptoms (elevated anxiety; 13%). Higher HbA1c and BMI, macrovascular complications and a history of generalized anxiety and/or major depressive disorder increased the risk of elevated anxiety. Elevated anxiety did not predict change in health‐related outcomes over time. Elevated anxiety and depression symptoms were highly comorbid and those with both displayed the most persistent anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsA subgroup of individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms. Routine monitoring of the severity of psychological symptoms over time in this population should facilitate earlier and more intensive mood management.
Teaching dental anatomy & morphology: An updated clinical‐ & digital‐based learning module
Authors: Abdalla Rowida 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDental Anatomy and morphology learning is an essential component of the dental curriculum; students introduced to dental morphology in a detailed textbook style lecture format often have difficulty transferring that knowledge to the associated clinically related activities. The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale, components and advantages of an updated dental anatomy module and present a comparison of student course evaluations for those who received the updated module (CDM) versus those who received the traditional module (TM).MethodAn updated module was implemented at the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry (UKCD). The updated module consisted of clinically based lectures and incorporated digital technologies in both lecture and laboratory portions of the course as well as a patient‐based aesthetic wax‐up exercise. The goal of the updated module is to shift emphasis away from decontextualised technical learning towards more active and clinically applicable learning that improves classroom interaction and takes advantage of the current technologies available.ResultsThe results were statistically analysed using a two‐sample t test. The updated module was statistically significantly highly rated by students.ConclusionThe updated module was highly appreciated and rated by students. An update to the educational method of teaching dental anatomy and morphology is proposed, clinical dental anatomy teaching results in enhanced students’ engagement and assessment. More research and proper strategic planning for implementation of digital technology into the dental anatomy curriculum are needed to adequately utilise these resources.
Integrin adhesion in brain assembly: From molecular structure to neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Jaudon Fanny , Thalhammer Agnes , Cingolani Lorenzo A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntegrins are extracellular matrix receptors that mediate biochemical and mechanical bi‐directional signals between the extracellular and intracellular environment of a cell thanks to allosteric conformational changes. In the brain, they are found in both neurons and glial cells, where they play essential roles in several aspects of brain development and function, such as cell migration, axon guidance, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuro‐inflammation. Although there are many successful examples of how regulating integrin adhesion and signaling can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example for halting tumor progression, this is not the case for the brain, where the growing evidence of the importance of integrins for brain pathophysiology has not translated yet into medical applications. Here, we review recent literature showing how alterations in integrin structure, expression and signaling may be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, depression and Alzheimer's disease. We focus on common mechanisms and recurrent signaling pathways, trying to bridge studies on the genetics and molecular structure of integrins with those on synaptic physiology and brain pathology. Further, we discuss integrin‐targeting strategies and their potential benefits for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Supply and demand—heme synthesis, salvage and utilization by Apicomplexa
Authors: Kloehn Joachim , Harding Clare R. , Soldati‐Favre Dominique 
Published: June 2020

The Apicomplexa phylum groups important human and animal pathogens that cause severe diseases, encompassing malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. In common with most organisms, apicomplexans rely on heme as cofactor for several enzymes, including cytochromes of the electron transport chain. This heme derives from de novo synthesis and/or the development of uptake mechanisms to scavenge heme from their host. Recent studies have revealed that heme synthesis is essential for Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, as well as for the mosquito and liver stages of Plasmodium spp. In contrast, the erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasites rely on scavenging heme from the host red blood cell. The unusual heme synthesis pathway in Apicomplexa spans three cellular compartments and comprises enzymes of distinct ancestral origin, providing promising drug targets. Remarkably given the requirement for heme, T. gondii can tolerate the loss of several heme synthesis enzymes at a high fitness cost, while the ferrochelatase is essential for survival. These findings indicate that T. gondii is capable of salvaging heme precursors from its host. Furthermore, heme is implicated in the activation of the key antimalarial drug artemisinin. Recent findings established that a reduction in heme availability corresponds to decreased sensitivity to artemisinin in T. gondii and Plasmodium falciparum, providing insights into the possible development of combination therapies to tackle apicomplexan parasites. This review describes the microeconomics of heme in Apicomplexa, from supply, either from de novo synthesis or scavenging, to demand by metabolic pathways, including the electron transport chain.
Wildfire combustion and carbon stocks in the southern Canadian boreal forest: Implications for a warming world
Authors: Dieleman Catherine M. , Rogers Brendan M. , Potter Stefano , Veraverbeke Sander , Johnstone Jill F. , Laflamme Jocelyne , Solvik Kylen , Walker Xanthe J. , Mack Michelle C. , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoreal wildfires are increasing in intensity, extent, and frequency, potentially intensifying carbon emissions and transitioning the region from a globally significant carbon sink to a source. The productive southern boreal forests of central Canada already experience relatively high frequencies of fire, and as such may serve as an analog of future carbon dynamics for more northern forests. Fire–carbon dynamics in southern boreal systems are relatively understudied, with limited investigation into the drivers of pre‐fire carbon stocks or subsequent combustion. As part of NASA's Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment, we sampled 79 stands (47 burned, 32 unburned) throughout central Saskatchewan to characterize above‐ and belowground carbon stocks and combustion rates in relation to historical land use, vegetation characteristics, and geophysical attributes. We found southern boreal forests emitted an average of 3.3 ± 1.1 kg C/m2from field sites. The emissions from southern boreal stands varied as a function of stand age, fire weather conditions, ecozone, and soil moisture class. Sites affected by historical timber harvesting had greater combustion rates due to faster carbon stock recovery rates than sites recovering from wildfire events, indicating that different boreal forest land use practices can generate divergent carbon legacy effects. We estimate the 2015 fire season in Saskatchewan emitted a total of 36.3 ± 15.0 Tg C, emphasizing the importance of southern boreal fires for regional carbon budgets. Using the southern boreal as an analog, the northern boreal may undergo fundamental shifts in forest structure and carbon dynamics, becoming dominated by stands <70 years old that hold 2–7 kg C/m2less than current mature northern boreal stands. Our latitudinal approach reinforces previous studies showing that northern boreal stands are at a high risk of holding less carbon under changing disturbance conditions.
Climate change promotes transitions to tall evergreen vegetation in tropical Asia
Authors: Scheiter Simon , Kumar Dushyant , Corlett Richard T. , Gaillard Camille , Langan Liam , Lapuz Ralph Sedricke , Martens Carola , Pfeiffer Mirjam , Tomlinson Kyle W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVegetation in tropical Asia is highly diverse due to large environmental gradients and heterogeneity of landscapes. This biodiversity is threatened by intense land use and climate change. However, despite the rich biodiversity and the dense human population, tropical Asia is often underrepresented in global biodiversity assessments. Understanding how climate change influences the remaining areas of natural vegetation is therefore highly important for conservation planning. Here, we used the adaptive Dynamic Global Vegetation Model version 2 (aDGVM2) to simulate impacts of climate change and elevated CO2 on vegetation formations in tropical Asia for an ensemble of climate change scenarios. We used climate forcing from five different climate models for representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We found that vegetation in tropical Asia will remain a carbon sink until 2099, and that vegetation biomass increases of up to 28% by 2099 are associated with transitions from small to tall woody vegetation and from deciduous to evergreen vegetation. Patterns of phenology were less responsive to climate change and elevated CO2 than biomes and biomass, indicating that the selection of variables and methods used to detect vegetation changes is crucial. Model simulations revealed substantial variation within the ensemble, both in biomass increases and in distributions of different biome types. Our results have important implications for management policy, because they suggest that large ensembles of climate models and scenarios are required to assess a wide range of potential future trajectories of vegetation change and to develop robust management plans. Furthermore, our results highlight open ecosystems with low tree cover as most threatened by climate change, indicating potential conflicts of interest between biodiversity conservation in open ecosystems and active afforestation to enhance carbon sequestration.
Dietary generalism accelerates arrival and persistence of coral‐reef fishes in their novel ranges under climate change
Authors: Monaco Cristián J. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Booth David J. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Schoeman David S. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change is redistributing marine and terrestrial species globally. Life‐history traits mediate the ability of species to cope with novel environmental conditions, and can be used to gauge the potential redistribution of taxa facing the challenges of a changing climate. However, it is unclear whether the same traits are important across different stages of range shifts (arrival, population increase, persistence). To test which life‐history traits most mediate the process of range extension, we used a 16‐year dataset of 35 range‐extending coral‐reef fish species and quantified the importance of various traits on the arrival time (earliness) and degree of persistence (prevalence and patchiness) at higher latitudes. We show that traits predisposing species to shift their range more rapidly (large body size, broad latitudinal range, long dispersal duration) did not drive the early stages of redistribution. Instead, we found that as diet breadth increased, the initial arrival and establishment (prevalence and patchiness) of climate migrant species in temperate locations occurred earlier. While the initial incursion of range‐shifting species depends on traits associated with dispersal potential, subsequent establishment hinges more on a species’ ability to exploit novel food resources locally. These results highlight that generalist species that can best adapt to novel food sources might be most successful in a future ocean.
Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction
Authors: Levin Lisa A. , Wei Chih‐Lin , Dunn Daniel C. , Amon Diva J. , Ashford Oliver S. , Cheung William W. L. , Colaço Ana , Dominguez‐Carrió Carlos , Escobar Elva G. , Harden‐Davies Harriet R. , Drazen Jeffrey C. , Ismail Khaira , Jones Daniel O. B. , Johnson David E. , Le Jennifer T. , Lejzerowicz Franck , Mitarai Satoshi , Morato Telmo , Mulsow Sandor , Snelgrove Paul V. R. , Sweetman Andrew K. , Yasuhara Moriaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep‐seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full‐cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections of climate‐change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep‐seabed mining. Models that combine climate‐induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep‐seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral‐related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep‐ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.
Parallel Simulation in Subsurface Hydrology: Evaluating the Performance of Modeling Computers
Authors: Sarris Theo S. , Scott David M. , Close Murray E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMonte Carlo uncertainty analysis, model calibration and optimization applications in hydrology, usually involve a very large number of forward transient model solutions, often resulting in computational bottlenecks. Parallel processing can significantly reduce overall simulation time, benefiting from the architecture of modern computers. This work investigates system performance using two realistic flow and transport modeling scenarios, applied to various modeling hardware, to provide information on the expected performance of parallel simulations and inform investment decisions. We investigate how performance, measured in terms of speedup and efficiency, changes with increasing number of parallel processes. We conclude that the maximum performance achieved by parallelization can range from 40% to 100% of the theoretical limit, with the lower increases associated with multi‐CPU servers. The number of parallel processes required to maximize performance is application dependent, and in contrast to common practice, often needs to be significantly larger than the total number of system CPU cores. Further testing is required to better understand how the physical problem being simulated affects the optimal number of parallel processes needed. Finally, when laptops are considered for modeling applications, careful consideration should be given not only to the specifications but also to the intended use designated by the manufacturer.
Minimally invasive surgery for haemophilic pseudotumour of the limbs: 28 years of experience
Authors: Caviglia Horacio Alberto , Douglas Price Ana Laura , Cambiaggi Guillermo , Honorat Egle , Salgado Pablo , Galatro Gustavo Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilic pseudotumour (HP) is an encapsulated haematoma in patients with haemophilia (PWH) which has a tendency to progress and produce clinical symptoms related to its anatomical location.AimTo show the experience of one surgeon who has been using mini‐invasive technique to treat pseudotumours of limbs in PWH with and without inhibitors at one centre for 28 years.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three patients with 39 HP were treated. All patients had haemophilia A. Twenty‐four patients had no inhibitors (72.8%), and 9 had inhibitors (27.2%). The mean follow‐up was 16 years (1‐25). All patients had x‐rays and MRIs. All of them received Buenos Aires protocol as conservative treatment for 6 weeks. MRIs were repeated after 6 weeks’ treatment to assess response to treatment.Surgery was performed in patients who did not respond to conservative treatment.ResultsAfter Buenos Aires protocol, four pseudotumours did not shrink (10.24%), 33 (84.61%) shrank, and two (5.12%) healed. Thirty‐seven pseudotumours had surgery, 35 pseudotumours (94.59%) healed with minimally invasive treatment, and two did not heal (5.41%).No infection was observed with this treatment. The mortality rate for the series was 0%.ConclusionThe minimally invasive treatment of pseudotumours was effective in 95% of the cases and resulted in no mortality in this series after 28 years.
Finding harmony within dissonance: Engaging patients, family/caregivers and service providers in research to fundamentally restructure relationships through integrative dynamics
Authors: Mulvale Gillian , Green Jenn , Miatello Ashleigh , Cassidy Ann E. , Martens Terry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeeply divided ideological positions challenge collaboration when engaging youth with mental disorders, caregivers and providers in mental health research. The integrative dynamics (ID) approach can restructure relationships and overcome ‘us vs them’ thinking.ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which an experience‐based co‐design (EBCD) approach to patient and family engagement in mental health research aligned with ID processes.MethodsA retrospective case study of EBCD data in which transitional‐aged youth (n = 12), caregivers (n = 8) and providers (n = 10) co‐designed prototypes to improve transitions from child to adult services. Transcripts from focus groups and a co‐design event, co‐designed prototypes, the resulting model, evaluation interviews and author reflections were coded deductively based on core ID concepts, while allowing for emergent themes. Analysis was based on pattern matching. Triangulation across data sources, research team, and youth and caregiver reflections enhanced rigour.FindingsThe EBCD focus group discussions of touchpoints in experiences aligned with ID processes of acknowledging the past, by revealing the perceived identity mythos of each group, and allowing expression of and working through emotional pain. These ID processes were briefly revisited in the co‐design event, where the focus was on the remaining ID processes: building cross‐cutting connections and reconfiguring relationships. The staged EBCD approach may facilitate ID, by working within one's own perspective prior to all perspectives working together in co‐design.ConclusionResearchers can augment patient engagement approaches by applying ID principles with staged integration of groups to improve relations in mental health systems, and EBCD shows promise to operationalize this.