bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with breakfast skipping among high school students
Authors: Lee Ju‐Yeon , Ban Dahye , Kim Honey , Kim Seon‐Young , Kim Jae‐Min , Shin Il‐Seon , Kim Sung‐Wan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimBreakfast plays an important role in the academic performance and mental health of adolescents. This study explored factors associated with breakfast skipping in high school students in South Korea.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was completed by 1684 high school students. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with skipping breakfast, including sociodemographic factors, mental health problems (such as depression and anxiety), sleep and smartphone use patterns.ResultsA total of 29.2% of the adolescents reported skipping breakfast and girls were significantly more likely to skip breakfast than boys (P < .001). The breakfast skipping group spent more time using a smartphone on weekdays [mean (SD) = 186.2 (180.0) min/d] than the breakfast eating group [mean (SD) = 110.2 (111.5) min/d] (P < .001). The Korean scale for smartphone addiction (S‐scale) score was higher in the breakfast skipping group (P = .006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, poor academic performance (odds ratio (OR), 1.575; 95% CI, 1.166‐2.126, P = .003), depression (OR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.002‐1.043, P = .031), time spent using a smartphone on weekdays (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.002‐1.004, P < .001), and low parental monitoring of smartphone use were significantly associated with skipping breakfast.ConclusionsFindings indicate that unhealthy lifestyle including smartphone overuse negatively affects breakfast eating in adolescents. School‐based nutritional programs should be designed to assess and overcome various individual factors associated with breakfast skipping.
Repositioning microbial biotechnology against COVID‐19: the case of microbial production of flavonoids
Authors: Goris Tobias , Pérez‐Valero Álvaro , Martínez Igor , Yi Dong , Fernández‐Calleja Luis , San León David , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Magadán‐Corpas Patricia , Lombó Felipe , Nogales Juan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCoronavirus‐related disease 2019 (COVID‐19) became a pandemic in February 2020, and worldwide researchers try to tackle the disease with approved drugs of all kinds, or to develop novel compounds inhibiting viral spreading. Flavonoids, already investigated as antivirals in general, also might bear activities specific for the viral agent causing COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2. Microbial biotechnology and especially synthetic biology may help to produce flavonoids, which are exclusive plant secondary metabolites, at a larger scale or indeed to find novel pharmaceutically active flavonoids. Here, we review the state of the art in (i) antiviral activity of flavonoids specific for coronaviruses and (ii) results derived from computational studies, mostly docking studies mainly inhibiting specific coronaviral proteins such as the 3CL (main) protease, the spike protein or the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. In the end, we strive towards a synthetic biology pipeline making the fast and tailored production of valuable antiviral flavonoids possible by applying the last concepts of division of labour through co‐cultivation/microbial community approaches to the DBTL (Design, Build, Test, Learn) principle.
Do Debt Investors Adjust Financial Statement Ratios When Financial Statements Fail to Reflect Economic Substance? Evidence from Cash Flow Hedges*†
Authors: Campbell John L. , D'Adduzio Jenna , Downes Jimmy F. , Utke Steven 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCash flow hedge derivatives are an example of an economic transaction that is not fully portrayed in the financial statements in two key ways. First, while changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded at each reporting date, changes in the value of the underlying purchase or sale commitment are not recorded or disclosed until that transaction occurs. Therefore, until the purchase or sale occurs, the financial statements only portray half of the economic transaction. Second, the gains/losses associated with these derivatives provide an inverse signal about the persistence of firm profitability. We document a method by which financial statement users can partially adjust for these distortions and find evidence that debt investors incorporate information conveyed by cash flow hedge gains/losses into their pricing of new debt issuances. We also find evidence that credit analysts incorporate these adjustments into their firm‐level credit ratings but are unable to find consistent evidence of similar adjustments to credit ratings on new debt issuances. Overall, our results suggest that a subset of sophisticated investors (i.e., those in public debt markets) appear to incorporate information from cash flow hedge accounting into their assessments of firm risk, and that users may benefit from enhanced disclosure about the amount and timing of a firm's future transactions that are exposed to foreign currency, interest rate, or commodity price risk as well as the amount and timing of derivatives that protect the firm from those risks.
Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting
Authors: Dhillon R. S. , Rowin W. A. , Humphries R. S. , Kevin K. , Ward J. D. , Phan T. D. , Nguyen L. V. , Wynne D. D. , Scott D. A. ,   the Clinical Aerosolisation Study Group
Published: October 2020

SummaryAerosol‐generating procedures such as tracheal intubation and extubation pose a potential risk to healthcare workers because of the possibility of airborne transmission of infection. Detailed characterisation of aerosol quantities, particle size and generating activities has been undertaken in a number of simulations but not in actual clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the processes of facemask ventilation, tracheal intubation and extubation generate aerosols in clinical practice, and to characterise any aerosols produced. In this observational study, patients scheduled to undergo elective endonasal pituitary surgery without symptoms of COVID‐19 were recruited. Airway management including tracheal intubation and extubation was performed in a standard positive pressure operating room with aerosols detected using laser‐based particle image velocimetry to detect larger particles, and spectrometry with continuous air sampling to detect smaller particles. A total of 482,960 data points were assessed for complete procedures in three patients. Facemask ventilation, tracheal tube insertion and cuff inflation generated small particles 30–300 times above background noise that remained suspended in airflows and spread from the patient’s facial region throughout the confines of the operating theatre. Safe clinical practice of these procedures should reflect these particle profiles. This adds to data that inform decisions regarding the appropriate precautions to take in a real‐world setting.
The Coping with and Caring for Infants with Special Needs intervention was associated with improved motor development in preterm infants
Authors: Akhbari Ziegler Schirin , von Rhein Michael , Meichtry André , Wirz Markus , Hielkema Tjitske , Hadders‐Algra Mijna ,   the Swiss Neonatal Network & Follow‐Up Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimWe compared the impact of standard infant physiotherapy and the family‐centred programme, Coping with and Caring for Infants with Special Needs (COPCA), in infants born before 32 weeks without significant brain lesions.MethodsThis randomised controlled trial was carried out in patients' homes and outpatient settings in Switzerland between January 2016 and October 2019. We used data from the national SwissNeoNet register and an assessment battery that included infant and family outcomes and video analyses of therapy sessions. The Infant Motor Profile was the primary outcome instrument.ResultsThe COPCA group comprised six boys and two girls with a median gestational age of 27 weeks (range 25‐30), and the standard care group comprised seven boys and one girl with a median gestational age of 29.5 weeks (range 26‐31). COPCA participants improved significantly more between baseline and 18 months in the IMP variation (9.0 percentage points, 95% confidence interval: 0.3‐17.5) and performance (12.0 percentage points, 95% confidence interval: 4.1‐20.6) domains than standard care participants. COPCA coaching was positively associated with IMP scores at 18 months, but some standard care actions were negatively associated.ConclusionCOPCA was associated with better motor outcome in infants born before 32 weeks than standard infant physiotherapy.
Structure of small tropical island freshwater fish and crustacean communities: A niche‐or dispersal‐based process?
Authors: Lagarde Raphael , Teichert Nils , Valade Pierre , Ponton Dominique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetermining the relative importance of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in the structuring of animal communities is central in ecology. Freshwater fish and crustacean communities of small tropical islands can bring new insights for understanding these processes as all their species present a pelagic larval stage which gives them important dispersal capacities. Consequently, we hypothesized that dispersal‐based process may be preponderant for structuring these communities from the regional to the local, that is, survey site, scales. Gradient forest analyses allowed us to model the effect of 12 environmental variables on freshwater taxa abundances in two southwestern Indian Ocean islands: Mayotte (26 taxa) and Reunion (21). A total of 153 surveys in Mayotte and 266 in Reunion were used for building the models. Despite the strong heterogeneity of environmental conditions between the two islands, the main factors structuring freshwater fish and crustacean communities in both islands were the elevation and the slope of the sites. The observed structure appeared more pronounced for predatory species than for primary consumers and omnivores. As predators generally have limited locomotor capacities, it is concluded that dispersal‐based process structures these communities not only at large geographical scales but also at the intra‐watershed scale, by limiting the inland penetration (or dispersion) of species in relation to their locomotor capacities. However, more knowledge concerning ecological traits and taxonomic status of many species is needed to confirm this assumption.Abstract in French is available with online material
Exploring genotype‐phenotype relationships in the CDKL5 deficiency disorder using an international dataset
Authors: MacKay Conor I. , Wong Kingsley , Demarest Scott T. , Benke Tim A. , Downs Jenny , Leonard Helen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCharacterized by early‐onset seizures, global developmental delay and severe motor deficits, CDKL5 deficiency disorder is caused by pathogenic variants in the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 gene. Previous efforts to investigate genotype‐phenotype relationships have been limited due to small numbers of recurrent mutations and small cohort sizes. Using data from the International CDKL5 Disorder Database we examined genotype‐phenotype relationships for 13 recurrent CDKL5 variants and the previously analyzed historic variant groupings. We have applied the CDKL5 Developmental Score (CDS) and an adapted version of the CDKL5 Clinical Severity Assessment (CCSA), to grade the severity of phenotype and developmental outcomes for 285 individuals with CDKL5 variants. Comparisons of adapted CCSA and CDS between recurrent variants and variant groups were performed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age and sex. Individuals with the missense variant, p.Arg178Trp, had the highest mean adapted CCSA and lowest mean developmental scores. Other variants producing severe phenotypes included p.Arg559* and p.Arg178Gln. Variants producing milder phenotypes included p.Arg134*, p.Arg550*, and p.Glu55Argfs*20. There are observed differences in phenotype severity and developmental outcomes for individuals with different CDKL5 variants. However, the historic variant groupings did not seem to reflect differences in phenotype severity or developmental outcomes as clearly as analyzed by individual variants.
Feedback of extended panel sequencing in 1530 patients referred for suspicion of hereditary predisposition to adult cancers
Authors: Cavaillé Mathias , Uhrhammer Nancy , Privat Maud , Ponelle‐Chachuat Flora , Gay‐Bellile Mathilde , Lepage Mathis , Viala Sandrine , Bidet Yannick , Bignon Yves‐Jean 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing analysis represented both a medical diagnosis and technological revolution. Gene panel analysis is now routinely performed in the exploration of hereditary predisposition to cancer, which is becoming increasingly heterogeneous, both clinically and molecularly. We present 1530 patients with suspicion of hereditary predisposition to cancer, for which two types of analyses were performed: a) oriented according to the clinical presentation (n = 417), or b) extended to genes involved in hereditary predisposition to adult cancer (n = 1113). Extended panel analysis had a higher detection rate compared to oriented analysis in hereditary predisposition to breast / ovarian cancer (P < .001) and in digestive cancers (P < .094) (respectively 15% vs 5% and 19.3%, vs 12.5%). This higher detection is explained by the inclusion of moderate penetrance genes, as well as the identification of incident mutations and double mutations. Our study underscores the utility of proposing extended gene panel analysis to patients with suspicion of hereditary predisposition to adult cancer.
Comparison of nonself‐tapping tapered implant and self‐tapping hybrid implant in terms of implant stability at initial and second fixation: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moroi Akinori , Saito Yuki , Takayama Akihiro , Ueki Koichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVarious features are provided in dental implants to improve initial fixation.PurposeTo compare the implant stability of the nonself‐tapping tapered implant and self‐tapping hybrid implant over a 3‐month healing period.Materials and methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into tapered and self‐tapping groups. Patients in the tapered group received NobelReplace Tapered (Nobel Biocare, Sweden) implants, while those in the self‐tapping group received NobelSpeedy (Nobel Biocare, Sweden) implants. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis at surgery and 3 months following implant insertion. Data were analyzed using an independent t‐test.ResultsForty‐three patients (tapered group: 21, self‐tapping group: 22) received a total of 88 implants. Initial stability in the tapered group was significantly higher (mean: 60.14, SD: 12.40) than that in the self‐tapping group (mean: 54.72, SD: 7.92). Implant stability significantly increased 3 months after implantation in the tapered group (mean: 66.61, SD: 9.00) and self‐tapping group (mean: 64.01, SD: 5.78). No significant intergroup difference in implant stability was noted 3 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe tapered shape affected initial fixation more than the self‐tapping function. However, during the second fixation, both implants showed good stability, and the difference disappeared.
Coproporphyrin I Can Serve as an Endogenous Biomarker for OATP1B1 Inhibition: Assessment Using a Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Clinical Study
Authors: Kalluri Hari V. , Kikuchi Ryota , Coppola Sheryl , Schmidt Jeffrey , Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Bow Daniel A.J. , Salem Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2020

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are involved in the disposition of a variety of commonly prescribed drugs. The evaluation of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition potential by investigational drugs is of interest during clinical drug development due to various adverse events associated with increased exposures of their substrates. Regulatory guidance documents on the in vitro assessment of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition potential are conservative with up to a third of predictions resulting in false positives. This work investigated the utility of OATP1B1/1B3 endogenous biomarkers, coproporphyrin (CP)‐I and CP‐III, to assess clinical inhibition of OATP1B1/1B3 and potentially eliminate the need for prospective clinical drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies. Correlations between CP‐I exposures and various OATP1B1 static DDI predictions were also evaluated. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) 300/120 mg fixed‐dose combination is known to cause clinical inhibition of OATP1B1/1B3. In a clinical study evaluating the relative bioavailability of various formulations of GLE/PIB regimen, CP‐I peak plasma concentration (Cmax) ratio and 0–16‐hour area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0–16) ratio relative to baseline increased with increasing GLE exposures, whereas there was a modest correlation between GLE exposure and CP‐III Cmax ratio but no correlation with CP‐III AUC0–16 ratio. This suggests that CP‐I is superior to CP‐III as an endogenous biomarker for evaluation of OATP1B1 inhibition. There was a significant correlation between CP‐I and GLE Cmax (R2 = 0.65; P < 0.001) across individual subjects. Correlation analysis between GLE OATP1B1 R values and CP‐I exposures (Cmax ratio and AUC0–16 ratio) suggests that an R value of > 3 can predict a biologically meaningful inhibition of OATP1B1 when the inhibitor clinical pharmacokinetic parameters are available.
Multicentric endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of the skin: A case report
Authors: Nishimoto Akana , Kuwahara Hiroaki , Ohashi Ryuji , Ansai Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEndocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare low‐grade sweat gland carcinoma. EMPSGC is thought to be a precursor to mucinous carcinoma of the skin (MCS). Since the first description of EMPSGC in 1997, only a few cases have been reported, and its etiology and mechanisms remain unknown. In this report, we describe a 71‐year‐old Japanese woman with two isolated EMPSGC and one MCS lesion on her face. She was simultaneously diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. She had a history of uterine cancer of unknown histopathological diagnosis 24 years previously. The presence of in situ lesions confirmed by myoepithelial cells suggested that the cutaneous lesions were primary tumors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple primary EMPSGC/MCS tumors. Additionally, this might be the first case with multiple primary carcinomas including adnexal cutaneous tumors, breast cancer, and uterine cancer, which may share the common feature of expressing female hormonal receptors. This case indicates that EMPSGC/MCS may be triggered by a hormonal receptor abnormality, perhaps because of genetic defects. A larger number of reports examining this issue may be necessary to further assess our initial observations.
An innovative acute care based intervention to address the opioid crisis in a Canadian setting
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Hayashi Kanna , Nolan Seonaid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ongoing opioid crisis has placed a considerable burden on acute care settings in North America. The present commentary outlines that the rising volume of patients with opioid‐related harms in acute care settings represents an often‐missed opportunity to address important health and social needs as well as facilitate access to addiction treatment services. It then describes an innovative, inter‐disciplinary model‐of‐care developed to address the needs of patients with a substance use disorder who present to the emergency department for medical care at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, Canada.
Comment on “Differential Effects of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Audiovisual Stimuli on Cross‐Modal Spatial Recalibration”
Authors: Vroomen Jean , Stekelenburg Jeroen J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBruns et al. (2020) provide new research that suggests that the ventriloquism after‐effect (VAE: an enduring shift of the perceived location of a sound toward a previously seen visual stimulus) and multisensory enhancement (ME: an improvement in the precision of sound localization) may dissociate depending on the rate at which exposure stimuli are presented. They reported that the VAE, but not the ME, was diminished when exposure stimuli were presented at 10 Hz rather than at 2 Hz. To the authors, this suggested that different neural structures underlie the VAE and ME. In our view, however, this needs to be tested more extensively because alternative and simpler explanations have not yet been checked.
Can genetic polymorphisms predict response variability to anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex?
Authors: Pellegrini Michael , Zoghi Maryam , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic mediation of cortical plasticity and the role genetic variants play in previously observed response variability to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have become important issues in the tDCS literature in recent years. This study investigated whether inter‐individual variability to tDCS was in‐part genetically mediated. In 61 healthy males, anodal‐tDCS (a‐tDCS) and sham‐tDCS were administered to the primary motor cortex at 1 mA for 10‐min via 6 × 4 cm active and 7 × 5 cm return electrodes. Twenty‐five single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded to represent corticospinal excitability (CSE). Twenty‐five paired‐pulse MEPs were recorded with 3 ms inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) to assess intracortical inhibition (ICI) via short‐interval intracranial inhibition (SICI) and 10 ms ISI for intracortical facilitation (ICF). Saliva samples were tested for specific genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding for excitatory and inhibitory neuroreceptors. Individuals were sub‐grouped based on a pre‐determined threshold and via statistical cluster analysis. Two distinct subgroups were identified, increases in CSE following a‐tDCS (i.e. Responders) and no increase or even reductions in CSE (i.e. Non‐responders). No changes in ICI or ICF were reported. No relationships were reported between genetic polymorphisms in excitatory receptor genes and a‐tDCS responders. An association was reported between a‐tDCS responders and GABRA3 gene polymorphisms encoding for GABA‐A receptors suggesting potential relationships between GABA‐A receptor variations and capacity to undergo tDCS‐induced cortical plasticity. In the largest tDCS study of its kind, this study presents an important step forward in determining the contribution genetic factors play in previously observed inter‐individual variability to tDCS.
Episodic hyperCKaemia may be a feature of α‐methylacyl‐coenzyme A racemase deficiency
Authors: Krett B. , Straub V. , Vissing J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractα‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) deficiency is a rare disorder, affecting peroxisomal metabolism of pristanic acid, with ten published adult cases. We describe an AMACR deficiency case with a clinical presentation dominated by episodic hyperCKaemia, suggesting that myopathic features of AMACR should be considered.