bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary inflammation and cardiometabolic health in adolescents
Authors: Sethna Christine B. , Alanko Daniel , Wirth Michael D. , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Khan Samira , Sen Sarbattama 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C‐DII) has been validated to characterize the inflammatory potential of an individual child's diet.ObjectiveTo determine the association between C‐DII and markers of cardiometabolic risk (adiposity, blood pressure [BP], lipids, albuminuria, glomerular hyperfiltration) in adolescents.MethodsParticipants aged 12‐18 enrolled in NHANES from 2005 to 2014 who completed a 24‐hour dietary recall were included in this cross‐sectional study. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and height examined associations of C‐DII quartiles stratified by weight status.ResultsAmong adolescents (mean age 15 years), the average C‐DII score was 0.86 (SE 0.04). When comparing C‐DII quartile 4 (most pro‐inflammatory) to quartile 1 (most anti‐inflammatory), there was a positive association with albuminuria (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02, 2.03). After stratifying by weight status, C‐DII quartile was found to be significantly associated with albuminuria (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.83, 9.92) and dyslipidemia (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.15, 3.03) in adolescents who were overweight. Among adolescents with obesity, C‐DII quartile was associated with higher SBP (β = 5.07, 95% CI 2.55‐7.59) and lower DBP (β = −4.14, 95% CI −6.74, −1.54).ConclusionConsuming a pro‐inflammatory diet in adolescence was associated with alterations in albuminuria, lipid and BP measures.
Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in healthy newlywed men trying for first‐time pregnancy
Authors: Hiramatsu Ippei , Tsujimura Akira , Miyoshi Miho , Ogasa Taiki , Miyoshi Yuto , Ishikawa Keisuke , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Shirai Masato , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Horie Shigeo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis and the relationship between testicular microlithiasis, semen parameters and endocrinological profiles in healthy newlywed men trying for first‐time pregnancy.MethodsMen visiting Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, or D Clinic Tokyo, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo, Japan, for a first‐time examination of fertility underwent scrotal examination, semen analysis and blood tests. Testicular volume measured by orchidometer, semen parameters measured by the Makler counting chamber and endocrinological profiles were compared between men with testicular microlithiasis and without testicular microlithiasis. The correlation between sperm concentration and the number of calcifications, and sperm motility and the number of calcifications, were investigated.ResultsOf 739 men, 60 (8.1%) were diagnosed as having testicular microlithiasis. Among them, testicular volume, semen volume and motility were lower than those in the men without testicular microlithiasis. Luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were higher in those with than those without testicular microlithiasis. The sperm concentration correlated negatively with the number of calcifications. There was no significant correlation between sperm motility and the number of calcifications.ConclusionHerein, we report the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in healthy newlywed men. Furthermore, our findings suggest that semen parameters in men with severe testicular microlithiasis tend to be worse.
Exploring parents' experiences of promoting physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities
Authors: McGarty Arlene M. , Westrop Sophie C. , Melville Craig A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities participate in low levels of physical activity and have a greater reliance on their parents to provide activity opportunities. This study explored parents’ experiences of promoting physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight parents of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Interviews were independently coded and analysed by two researchers using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes and nine subthemes were identified. Overall, parents had positive views of physical activity. However, parents face numerous barriers that limit their ability to promote physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionsParents experience high levels of exclusion and stigma that negatively affect their promotion of physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities. Overcoming the barriers faced by parents could therefore be an indirect method to increase physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
The absence of oestrogen receptor beta disturbs collagen I type deposition during Achilles tendon healing by regulating the IRF5‐CCL3 axis
Authors: Bian Xuting , Liu Tianyao , Yang Mingyu , Gu Chengyi , He Gang , Zhou Mei , Tang Hong , Lu Kang , Lai Fan , Wang Feng , Yang Qiandong , Gustafsson Jan‐Åke , Fan Xiaotang , Tang Kanglai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAchilles tendon healing (ATH) remains an unanswered question in the field of sports medicine because it does not produce tissue with homology to the previously uninjured tissue. Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the injury and repair processes of tendons. Our previous study confirmed that ERβ plays a role in the early stage of ATH by affecting adipogenesis, but its role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is unknown. We established a 4‐week Achilles tendon repair model to investigate the mechanism through which ERβ affects ATH at the very beginning of ECM remodelling phase. In vitro studies were performed using tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) due to their promising role in tendon healing. Behavioural and biomechanical tests revealed that ERβ‐deficient mice exhibit weaker mobility and inferior biomechanical properties, and immunofluorescence staining and qRT‐PCR showed that these mice exhibited an erroneous ECM composition, as mainly characterized by decreased collagen type I (Col I) deposition. The changes in gene expression profiles between ERβ‐knockout and WT mice at 1 week were analysed by RNA sequencing to identify factors affecting Col I deposition. The results highlighted the IRF5‐CCL3 axis, and this finding was verified with CCL3‐treated TDSCs. These findings revealed that ERβ regulates Col I deposition during ATH via the IRF5‐CCL3 axis.
Establishment of the biological control agent Aphalara itadori is limited by native predators and foliage age
Authors: Jones Ian M. , Smith Sandy M. , Bourchier Robert S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe knotweed psyllid, Aphalara itadori, is a biological control agent for invasive knotweed species in North America and Europe. Initial releases were conducted in Canada in 2014 but establishment has been slow, seemingly as a result of low nymphal survival. We conducted two field experiments in Ontario, Canada, to explore the effects of native predators and the age of knotweed (Fallopia japonica) foliage on nymphal survival in A. itadori. Survival of A. itadori nymphs was significantly reduced on potted plants that were exposed to native predators in the field, compared to plants from which predators were excluded. The number of surviving nymphs was also significantly reduced on older F. japonica foliage, compared to recent regrowth after a summer cutting treatment. We discuss our findings in the context of biological invasion theory and emphasize the potential for increased overlap between the fields of invasion ecology and biological control. Finally, we advocate the use of A. itadori in combination with other control measures as part of an integrated pest management programme, rather than as a solitary measure. Specifically, we recommend that future releases of A. itadori be concentrated shortly after cutting or herbicide treatments in order to maximize the availability of young tender foliage.
Orthodontic‐assisted one step‐ no prep technique: A straightforward and minimally‐invasive approach for localized tooth wear treatment using polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network CAD‐CAM prostheses
Authors: Mainjot Amélie Karine Jacques , Charavet Carole 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo introduce a minimally invasive and simple ortho‐pros approach for localized tooth wear treatment.Clinical considerationsFour patients with localized anterior and/or posterior tooth wear were treated. Occlusal analyses were performed, and localized wax‐up or digital setup were designed based on estimated tissue loss. No‐prep anterior and posterior partial‐coverage polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (PICN, Vita Enamic) restorations (eg, palatal and occlusal veneers) were computer‐aided designed and manufactured (CAD‐CAM), tried in, and bonded in supraocclusion, creating a posterior open bite. Then, brief partial (three patients) or global (one patient, for anterior teeth alignment request) orthodontic treatment was performed to extrude the posterior teeth and re‐establish posterior occlusal contacts. The orthodontic treatment duration was ~2 months for extrusion. Direct composites were performed to mask the labial finish line of palatal veneers. Clinical results were successful after a follow‐up of 15, 21, 23, and 47 months, with 100% success rate of PICN anterior restorations and some minor chippings of borders of thin (0.2 mm) posterior occlusal veneers. Patient‐reported outcomes were positive.ConclusionOrthodontic‐assisted one step‐no prep technique is an advantageous and straightforward evolution of the Dahl concept. PICNs exhibit several advantages in this interdisciplinary approach.Clinical significanceNew hybrid‐ceramic CAD‐CAM materials and a collaborative interdisciplinary approach support the evolution of the Dahl concept for conservative treatment of worn dentitions. The orthodontic‐assisted one step‐no prep technique is predictable, efficient, and well tolerated by patients and conserves tooth structure.
Eligibility for sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: real‐world data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Savarese G. , Hage C. , Benson L. , Schrage B. , Thorvaldsen T. , Lundberg A. , Fudim M. , Linde C. , Dahlström U. , Rosano G. M. C. , Lund L. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRandomized controlled trials (RCT) generalizability may be limited due to strict patient selection.ObjectiveIn a real‐world heart failure (HF) population, we assessed eligibility for sacubitril/valsartan based on PARADIGM‐HF (sacubitril/valsartan effective)/PARAGON‐HF [sacubitril/valsartan effective in mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF)].MethodsOutpatients from the Swedish HF Registry (SwedeHF) were analysed. In SwedeHF, EF is recorded as <30, 30–39, 40–49 and ≥50%. In PARAGON‐HF, sacubitril/valsartan was effective with EF ≤ 57% (i.e. median). We defined reduced EF/PARADIGM‐HF as EF < 40%, mildly reduced EF/PARAGON‐HF ≤ median as EF 40–49%, and normal EF/PARAGON‐HF > median as EF ≥ 50%. We assessed 2 scenarios: (i) criteria likely to influence treatment decisions (pragmatic scenario); (ii) all criteria (literal scenario).ResultsOf 37 790 outpatients, 57% had EF < 40%, 24% EF 40–49% and 19% EF ≥ 50%. In the pragmatic scenario, 63% were eligible in EF < 50% (67% for EF < 40% and 52% for 40–49%) and 52% in EF ≥ 40% (52% for EF ≥ 50%). For the literal scenario, 32% were eligible in EF < 50% (38% of EF < 40%, 20% of EF 40–49%) and 22% in EF ≥ 40% (25% for EF ≥ 50%). Eligible vs. noneligible patients had more severe HF, more comorbidities and overall worse outcomes.ConclusionIn a real‐world HF outpatient cohort, 81% of patients had EF < 50%, with 63% eligible for sacubitril/valsartan based on pragmatic criteria and 32% eligible based on literal trial criteria. Similar eligibility was observed for EF 40–49% and ≥50%, suggesting that our estimates for EF < 50% may be reproduced whether or not a higher cut‐off for EF is considered.
Daily Links Between Helping Behaviors and Emotional Well‐Being During Late Adolescence
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Guassi Moreira João F. , Ivory Susannah L. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: August 2020

We investigated daily associations between helping behaviors and emotional well‐being during late adolescence, examining whether these links depend on the recipient of help (i.e., friend vs. roommate), type of help (i.e., instrumental vs. emotional), and individual differences in the helper (i.e., gender and empathy). First‐year college students (N = 411, 63.5% women, Mage = 18.62 years) completed diary checklists for eight days, reporting whether they provided instrumental and emotional support to a friend or roommate, and positive and negative emotions. On days that adolescents provided instrumental assistance to friends they felt more positive affect, but men also felt more negative affect. Providing instrumental and emotional support to roommates and providing emotional support to friends did not predict daily emotions.
Health professionals' perception of the New Zealand National Child Protection Alert System: An online survey
Authors: Kelly Patrick , Basu Carmen , Graham Veronica T , Chan Carol , Ritchie Miranda , Wilson Denise , Seymour Fred 
Published: August 2020

AimTo describe the multi‐disciplinary child protection teams which administer the National Child Protection Alert System in District Health Boards in New Zealand and the understanding and perceptions of that system held by team members.MethodsThis is a mixed‐method observational study. In December 2016 and January 2017, all child protection alert system multi‐disciplinary team members were invited to participate in an online survey. Quantitative data were expressed with simple descriptive statistics. Qualitative findings were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsNinety‐one (56.9%) of 160 team members nationwide completed the survey. All 20 District Health Boards and multiple disciplines were represented. Most respondents agreed that they received good information to make decisions (74/90, 82.2%), that it was usually easy to reach consensus (82/91, 90.1%), that the system helped to keep children safe (72/91, 79.1%) and that it did not stigmatise families (49/91, 53.9%). Qualitative analysis identified considerable variation in understanding of the system and a need for more training to support more consistent implementation of the system.ConclusionsOverall, health professionals responsible for the child protection alert system regard it positively but express a need for more training for team members and front‐line staff to maximise the system's potential and minimise any risk of stigmatisation.
Effects of dietary supplementation with herbal extract mixture on growth performance, organ weight and intestinal morphology in weaning piglets
Authors: Wang Meiwei , Huang Huijun , Hu Yangping , Liu Yiting , Zeng Xiao , Zhuang Yu , Yang Huansheng , Wang Lei , Chen Shuai , Yin Lanmei , He Shengwen , Zhang Shuo , Li Xiaozhen , He Shanping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany countries are increasingly prohibiting the addition of antibiotics in livestock diets. Therefore, herb extracts have gradually drawn attention to substitute antibiotics. Our present study aimed to determine the effects of herbal extract mixture (HEM) in dietary on growth performance, organ weight, intestinal morphology and intestinal nutrient transporters in weaned pigs.Methods27 piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]; Body Weight (BW) = 5.99 ± 0.13 kg) were weaned at day 21 and randomly divided into three groups (n = 9 piglets/group). All piglets received a basal diet containing similar amounts of nutrients for 14 days. The three groups were the control (no additive), the antibiotics (375 mg/kg chlortetracycline, 20%, 500 mg/kg enramycin, 4%, 1,500 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium, 50%) and the HEM group (1000 mg/kg extract mixture of golden‐and‐silver honeysuckle, huangqi, duzhong leaves and dangshen). After 14 d of treatment, we collected tissue samples to measure organ weight, intestinal parameters, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal mRNA expression of nutrient transporters.ResultsThe HEM group had no effects on growth performance and organ weight of weaned pigs. But compared with the control group, both HEM and antibiotics improved intestinal morphology, and HEM elevated the expression of nutrient transporters in ileum (SLC6A9, SLC15A1, and SLC5A1). HEM significantly decreased the activities of maltase in ileum and the ratio of small intestinal weight to BW than control group.ConclusionsThese results indicate benefit effects of the supplementation of HEM in diet, including modulating intestinal morphology and increasing the mRNA expression of nutrients transporters. These findings suggest that HEM provides novel insights into a variety of herbal extract mixtures to replace antibiotics in animal production.
After the nursery: Regional and broad‐scale movements of sharks tagged in the Caribbean
Authors: Legare Bryan , DeAngelis Bryan , Skomal Gregory 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBroad‐scale movements (10s–100s km) of highly migratory species, such as sharks, present unique management challenges as fish migrate across international boundaries, thereby exposing them to different levels of anthropogenic pressure. Lemon sharks and blacktip sharks are well‐studied throughout their range in the western North Atlantic, but broad‐scale movements in the Caribbean region are largely unknown. Utilizing 10 years (2004–2014) of acoustic and conventional tagging data, this study presents the post‐nursery movements of young of the year (YOY) and juvenile blacktip (n = 198) and lemon (n = 130) sharks tagged in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). A total of five (2.5%) blacktip sharks were recaptured by recreational and commercial fishers in the greater Caribbean and as far north as the southeastern coast of the United States, moving between 2 and 2,200 km and crossing a minimum of six international boundaries. Of the acoustically tagged blacktip (n = 88) and lemon (n = 45) sharks, 28 (32%) and 16 (24%), respectively, were detected outside the boundaries of the nursery area in which they were tagged, dispersing throughout the USVI territory; blacktip sharks were acoustically detected beyond territorial waters as far as Florida, United States (1,881 km). Both species transited through local marine protected areas but did not establish residency resulting in little protection. This is the first study to examine connectivity between blacktip shark populations of the USVI and the east coast of the United States.
Machine learning to extract communication and history‐taking skills in OSCE transcripts
Authors: Jani Karan H. , Jones Kai A. , Jones Glenn W. , Amiel Jonathan , Barron Beth , Elhadad Noémie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesObserved Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) allow assessment of, and provide feedback to, medical students. Clinical examiners and standardised patients (SP) typically complete itemised checklists and global scoring scales, which have known shortcomings. In this study, we applied machine learning (ML) to label some communication skills and interview content information in OSCE transcripts and to compare several ML methodologies by performance and transferability.MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty‐one transcripts of two OSCE scenarios were manually annotated per utterance across 19 communication skills and content areas. Utterances were converted to two types of numeric sentence vector representations and were paired with three types of ML algorithms. First, ML models (MLMs) were evaluated using a five K‐fold cross‐validation technique on all transcripts in one scenario to generate precision and recall, and their harmonic mean, F1 scores. Second, ML models were trained on all 101 transcripts from scenario 1 and tested for transferability on 20 scenario 2 transcripts.ResultsPerformance testing in the K‐fold cross‐validation demonstrated relatively high mean F1 scores: median 0.87 and range 0.53‐0.98 across all 19 labels. Transferability testing demonstrated success: F1 median 0.76 and range 0.46‐0.97. The combination of a bi‐directional long short‐term memory neural network (biLSTM) algorithm with GenSen numeric sentence vector representations was associated with greater F1 scores across both performance and transferability (P < .005).ConclusionsWe report the first application of ML in the context of student‐SP OSCEs. We demonstrated that several MLMs automatically labelled OSCE transcripts for a range of interview content and some clinical communications skills. Some MLMs achieved greater performance and transferability. Optimised MLMs could provide automated and accurate assessment of OSCEs with potential to track student progress and identify areas for further practice.
Analytic Versus Holistic Recognition of Chinese Words Among L2 Learners
Authors: JIANG NAN , HOU FENGYUN , JIANG XIN 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn studying the relationship between word recognition and reading development, a distinction is made between analytic and holistic processing of words. These strategies are often assessed in a length effect in an alphabetic language or in a stroke‐number effect in a logographic language. Analytical processing is associated with a robust length or stroke‐number effect while holistic processing is reflected in smaller or a lack of such effects. Research has shown that skilled readers employ holistic processing while less skilled readers rely more on analytical processing. The present study examined analytic versus holistic word recognition among second language learners by comparing learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL) and Chinese native speakers (NSs) in a lexical decision task. Thirty Chinese NSs and 28 CSL learners were tested on 90 disyllabic Chinese words that varied in stroke number from 5 to 27. A robust stroke‐number effect was found among CSL participants but not among NS controls. The findings raised a number of theoretical and pedagogical issues in relation to word recognition and reading development among CSL learners and among second language learners in general.
Clinical benefits of Tocilizumab in COVID‐19‐related cytokine release syndrome in a patient with end‐stage kidney disease on haemodialysis in Australia
Authors: Stephen Shiny , Park Yeung‐Ae , Chrysostomou Anastasia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 remains a global pandemic with more than 10 million cases and half a million deaths worldwide. The disease manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease and especially those on haemodialysis are still being understood, with only a few overseas case series, and small observational trials thus far. It appears that the disease is more severe in this patient cohort. Part of the pathophysiology of severe COVID‐19 is related to accompanying cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Tocilizumab, an interleukin‐6 inhibitor, has been trialled for treatment of CRS in COVID‐19, but not yet approved. We present a case of an Australian patient on long‐term haemodialysis with severe COVID‐19 who was successfully treated with Tocilizumab. The peak of her illness was on day 7, with a C‐reactive protein of 624 mg/L (reference < 5 mg/L), ferritin of 5293 ng/mL (reference 30‐500 ng/mL), and interleukin‐6 level 1959.7 pg/mL, consistent with CRS. She was severely hypoxic on a ventilator, with rising inotropic requirements. With the use of Tocilizumab, there was a significant and immediate response in her inflammatory markers, and she made a steady recovery. The patient was discharged home 6 weeks after presentation.