bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web search popularity, publicity, and utilization of direct oral anticoagulants in the United States, 2008–2018
Authors: Ziakas Panayiotis D. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe aimed to study the changing popularity of oral anticoagulants and the potential association between media coverage and real-world utilization practice, using time series analysis.In this STROBE-compliant study, we usedGoogle Trendsdata to study public interest for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) and warfarin in the United States (10-year coverage, beginning July 1st, 2008 ending June 30th, 2018). We validated our findings on a sample of 50 consecutive datasets (accumulated between July 6th, 2018 and October 19th, 2018), using the same search criteria. We used theLexisNexis Academicdatabase to quantify monthly media coverage for DOACs and explored its association with interest by the public, using the cross-correlation coefficient function. Finally, we studied the association between public interest and real-world utilization data, including published US-wide data on ambulatory anticoagulation visits.The approval of dabigatran in 2010 marked an increasing public interest for DOACs. Dabigatran exhibited a steep rise early after Food and Drug Administration approval that peaks in 2011, to be surpassed sequentially by rivaroxaban (2012) and apixaban (2014). Apixaban has outperformed its competitors in popularity since mid-2017, and, by the end of the observation period, was close to warfarin that is on first place. Media coverage was low before approval of the first oral DOAC (dabigatran), increased thereafter (median 13 news articles per month vs 64,P < .001), with peaks on the approval dates (81 vs 48,P = .003). Media coverage had a weak immediate impact on DOACs public interest and public interest patterns preceded changes in ambulatory anticoagulation visits by up to 5 months.For a long-run observation period, a singleGoogle Trendssearch will suffice to produce robust estimations of the relative popularity between treatment options, such as oral anticoagulants. Media coverage has limited immediate impact and relative public interest is a potential lead indicator of changes in actual utilization.
Randomized cross-over trial of demand oxygen delivery system
Authors: Nagano Tatsuya , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Omori Takashi , Otoshi Takehiro , Umezawa Kanoko , Katsurada Naoko , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Tachihara Motoko , Nishimura Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Long-term oxygen therapy is reported to improve hypoxemia and survival in patients with respiratory failure. The demand oxygen delivery system (DODS) saves oxygen and extends the usable time of an oxygen cylinder 2- to 3-fold. A portable oxygen concentrator with an auto-DODS has been developed to switch its sensitivity among 3 levels (standard, high, and extra high) and to supply pulsed-flow oxygen when it detects apnea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of this newly developed portable oxygen concentrator with auto-DODS compared to the efficacy of conventional DODS in oxygenation.

Methods and analysis:
Twenty-six patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial pneumonia will be randomized to use auto-DODS or conventional DODS at rest and during a 6-minute walk test. Primary endpoints are mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) at rest and during the 6-minute walk test. Secondary endpoints are the ratios of the times during which the oxygen concentrator operates at each sensitivity mode (standard, high, and extra high) and at a constant pulse rate to the examination time, the ratio of the times during which SpO2 fall below 90% to the examination time, the lowest value of SpO2 during the examination time, the mean and highest pulse rates during the examination time, 6-minute walking distance, recovery time, Borg scale, comfort, and reliability, which are measured by a numerical rating scale and a questionnaire, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination:
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was registered on Aug 23, 2019 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs052190041). The results of the study will be presented at academic conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number:
jRCTs052190041
Randomized cross-over trial of demand oxygen delivery system in nocturnal hypoxemia
Authors: Nagano Tatsuya , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Omori Takashi , Otoshi Takehiro , Umezawa Kanoko , Katsurada Naoko , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Tachihara Motoko , Nishimura Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
It has not been determined that demand valve oxygen therapy is effective for nocturnal hypoxia. A portable oxygen concentrator with an auto-demand oxygen delivery system (auto-DODS; standard, high, and extra high) has recently been developed to improve oxygenation and comfort. This oxygen concentrator can supply a pulsed flow when it detects apnoea. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that this newly developed portable oxygen concentrator with an auto-demand function is non-inferior to a continuous-flow oxygen concentrator for nocturnal hypoxemia.

Methods:
Twenty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial pneumonia will be randomized to receive a portable oxygen concentrator with an auto-DODS or a continuous-flow oxygen concentrator during sleep. The primary endpoint is mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the total sleep time. The secondary endpoints are the ratios of time that the oxygen concentrator spends in each sensitivity mode (standard, high, and extra-high) and at a constant pulse rate to the total sleep time, the total time and ratio of time for which SpO2 is less than 90% during the total sleep time, the lowest value of SpO2 during the total sleep time, the mean and highest pulse rate during the total sleep time, the apnoea index during the total sleep time, the total sleep duration itself, and comfort and reliability as measured by numerical rating scale and questionnaires.

Discussion:
If the auto-DODS demonstrates non-inferiority to continuous flow in oxygenation during sleep, the auto-DODS can be used even at night, and the patient will need only 1 device.

Trial Registration:
The study was registered on Aug 23, 2019 (jRCTs052190042).
Study on prevention of hypercapnia by nasal high flow in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during intravenous anesthesia
Authors: Ayuse Takao , Sawase Hironori , Ozawa Eisuke , Nagata Kazuyoshi , Komatsu Naohiro , Sanuki Takuro , Kurata Shinji , Mishima Gaku , Hosogaya Naoki , Nakashima Sawako , Pinkham Max , Tatkov Stanislav , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
For relatively invasive upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, such as an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and also lower gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, intravenous anesthesia is routinely used to reduce patient anxiety. However, with the use of intravenous anesthesia, even at mild to moderate depth of anesthesia, there is always a risk of upper airway obstruction due to a relaxation of the upper airway muscles.
With the advent of nasal high flow (NHF) devices that allow humidified high flow air through the nasal cavity, can be used as a respiratory management method in the context of anesthesia. AIRVO is commonly used for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and other respiratory disorders. This device uses a mild positive pressure load (several cmH2O) that improves carbon dioxide (CO2) washout and reduces rebreathing to improve respiratory function and therefore is widely used to prevent hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
This study aims to maintain upper airway patency by applying NHF with air (AIRVO) as a respiratory management method during intravenous anesthesia for patients undergoing an ERCP. In addition, this study investigates whether the use of an NHF device in this context can prevent intraoperative hypercapnia and hypoxemia.

Methods/design:
This study design employed 2 groups of subjects. Both received intravenous anesthesia while undergoing an ERCP, and 1 group also used a concurrent nasal cannula NHF device. Here we examine if the use of an NHF device during intravenous anesthesia can prevent hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which could translate to improved anesthesia management.
Efficacy endpoints were assessed using a transcutaneous CO2 monitor (TCM). This device measured the changes in CO2 concentration during treatment. Transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2) concentrations of 60 mm Hg or more (PaCO2 > 55 mm Hg) were considered marked hypercapnia. PtcCO2 concentrations of 50 to 60 mm Hg or more (equivalent to PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg) were considered moderate hypercapnia.
Furthermore, the incidence of hypoxemia with a transcutaneous oxygen saturation value of 90% or less, and whether the use of NHF was effective in preventing this adverse clinical event were evaluated.

Discussion:
The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence for the utility of NHF as a potential therapeutic device for patients undergoing an ERCP under sedation, assessed by determining if the incidence rates of hypercapnia and hypoxemia decreased in the NHF device group, compared to the control group that did not use this device.

Trial registration:
The study was registered in the jRCTs 072190021.
URL https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs072190021.
Comprehensive analysis of mutations of renal cell carcinoma in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patient
Authors: Shim Kwang Eon , Lee Chung , Kim Jin Up , Choi Gwang Ho , Kwak Kyoung Min , Kim Seok Hyung , Kim Hyunho , Yoon Jong Woo , Shin Tae Young , Jeong Chang Wook , Kim Hyunsuk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be more prevalent in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients than in the general population. However, little is known about genetic alterations or changes in signaling pathways in RCC in patients with ADPKD.
In the current report, whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing was performed for paired samples of tumor tissue, cyst tissue, and peripheral blood (triple set) from a patient diagnosed with ADPKD and RCC.
A 68-year-old man with ADPKD underwent left partial nephrectomy and was diagnosed with RCC. DNA and RNA were extracted from the triple set of the patient. A nonsense mutation in PKD2 (p.Arg742X), which is well known as a pathogenic variant in ADPKD, was identified in the paired triple set. In the tumor sample, a somatic missense mutation of VHL (p.S65L) was found, which is known as a pathogenic mutation in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and RCC. Furthermore, loss of chromosome 3p, where VHL is located, was detected. Upregulated VEGFA was found in the analysis of RCC mRNA, which might be caused by the loss of VHL and accelerate angiogenesis in RCC.
Proliferation was also expected to be activated by the MAPK signaling pathway, including NRAS and MAPK1 expression.
Patient- and proxy-reported outcome measures instruments for the assessment of asthma control among adult and pediatric population
Authors: Santino Thayla A. , Monteiro Karolinne Souza , de Paiva Azevedo Matheus , Patino Cecília M. , Ahmed Sara , de Mendonça Karla M.P.P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Asthma is a chronic airways inflammatory disease considered as a serious public health problem. Since asthma is a lifelong condition, the assessment of its control is important to achieve a better self-management. Based on the advances of the assessment tools, many instruments have been developed to assess asthma control. Therefore, this systematic review aims to assess the measurement properties, the methodological quality, and the content of outcome measures of the available patient- and proxy-reported asthma control instruments.

Methods:
This is a systematic review protocol of the measurement properties of asthma control patient- and proxy-reported outcome instruments. Database searches will be primarily performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and PsycINFO. A manual search of websites considered databases for questionnaires and reference lists will also be conducted. The methodological quality of the studies and the measurement properties will be critically appraised using the COSMIN risk of bias (RoB) checklist. The content of all measurement instruments will be compared based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.

Results:
The findings from this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

Conclusion:
The proposed systematic review will produce a comprehensive evaluation of the measurement properties of the currently available asthma control instruments for both adult and pediatric populations. We aim to help researchers and practitioners in their choice of an adequate instrument and to highlight the gaps in currently available tools.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019126042.
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Abi-Rafeh Jad , Beamish Ian V. , Haegert David G. , Cournoyer Denis , Michel René P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Richter syndrome (RS) defines the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into a more aggressive lymphoma. Although the term RS is most often reserved for transformation of CLL into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and less frequently Hodgkin lymphoma , the list of cases with more variable presentations in the literature is growing.

Patient concerns:
A 71-year-old Caucasian man initially consulted an otolaryngologist for a 1-year history of nasal congestion.

Diagnoses:
The asynchronous occurrence of 2 rare angiocentric Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorders in a patient with CLL, specifically clonally related lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG), and an extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, are described herein.

Interventions:
Radiation therapy and a regimen of cis-platinum were administered for the NK/T cell lymphoma, and ibrutinib for LYG.

Outcomes:
The patient remains in complete clinical remission 8 years after the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and recurrent extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, and 2 years after the diagnosis of clonally related LYG.

Lessons:
Although the precise pathogenesis of RS remains incompletely understood, various molecular alterations, in particular long-term immunosuppression, may lead to RS, similar to the causal link existing between non-Hodgkin lymphomas and HIV infection, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV infection is linked to the pathogenesis of several types of lymphomas and found in a subset of patients with RS; immunosuppression, in the context of CLL or other pathological conditions or pharmacological agents, can disrupt the fine balance between virus and the host immune system, and result in EBV-driven lymphoproliferations of B-, T-, or NK-cell origin. The findings of our literature review thus suggest that such non-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , non-Hodgkin lymphoma CLL transformations, may be considered as rare variants of RS.
A simple, efficient, and safe way of finding recurrent laryngeal nerve beneficial for PTC patients
Authors: Yan Shouyi , Xie Chao , Zhao Wenxin , Wang Bo , Zhang Liyong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
More surgeons have known the importance of parathyroid grand and recurrent laryngeal nerve protection in the surgery, but there is still plenty of scope to improve the surgical techniques. This study aims at investigating whether the improved method of finding recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can protect parathyroid grand and RLN.

Methods:
One hundred fifty-eight patients were enrolled and divided randomly into the test and control group according to different methods of finding RLN in the surgery. In the experimental group the author could quickly find the laryngeal recurrent nerve in the lower part of the neck and separate along the surface of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the point where the recurrent laryngeal nerve gets into the larynx close to the thyroid gland named lateral approach, while in the control group the author severed the middle and lower thyroid vein and raised the lower thyroid pole to look for the RLN near the trachea by the blunt separation.

Results:
The author identified 152 and 159 parathyroid glands in the test and control group, respectively and there were a lower ratio of auto-transplantation and less operative time in the test group compared with that in the control group. The author also found that the parathyroid hormone level (1 day and 2 months) in the test group was higher than that in the control group. There were no differences in metastatic LN and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
The improved method of finding RLN is a simple, efficient and safe way, and easy to implement.
Multiple versus single doses of dexamethasone in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Bangjian , Sun Shaoqiong , Sheng Bo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Reduction of post-operative pain, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) may facilitate earlier discharge from hospital and reduce healthcare costs. The recommended dose regimen of dexamethasone in THA has not been determined. The purpose of this study was performed to compare the efficiency of multiple versus single doses of dexamethasone for early postoperative pain treatment after THA.

Methods:
This study was a randomized controlled trial which conducted in our hospital. Informed consent for participation in this trial was obtained from each patient before surgery. Two hundred patients undergoing THA received 1 dose of intravenous dexamethasone and 1 dose of normal saline (Group A), or 2 doses of intravenous dexamethasone (Group B). The primary outcome was visual analog scale pain scores in the immediate postoperative period. Secondary outcomes included postoperative opioid use, length of hospital stay, activity level during physical therapy, and hip range of motion.

Results:
This clinical trial might provide some insights to estimate the safety of dexamethasone.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5460).
Comparative efficacy of the front-line anti-HBV drugs in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chen Mao-bing , Wang Hua , Zheng Qi-han , Cui Wei-yan , Xu Hua-lan , Zheng Xu-wen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
During the COVID-19 period, there was a huge gap in the understanding of masks between east and west. At the same time, the mechanism of the mask and the effect after use, also appeared differences. The Objective of this Meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community.

Methods:
The Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials will be electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community through Apr 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. Revman 5.3 software will be used for the meta-analysis.

Results:
The outbreak is continuing, and we need to be prepared for a long fight. If masks are effective, we need to promote their use as soon as possible. If masks are ineffective, strong evidence should be given. This is an urgent task and our team will finish it as soon as possible.

Conclusion:
Provide stronger evidence to solve the problem, should we wear masks or not right now.
The prognostic value of ephrin type-A2 receptor and Ki-67 in renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Talaat Iman Mamdouh , Okap Israa Sobhy , Abou Youssif Tamer Mohammed , Hachim Ibrahim Yaseen , Hachim Mahmood Yaseen , Sheikh Samar Mohamed El 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common malignant renal epithelial tumor, usually present with advanced disease and unpredicted clinical behavior. The receptor tyrosine kinase, ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) was found to be overexpressed in several malignancies and its expression was found to be associated with poor prognostic features.
Our study is an observational study with the aim of investigating the prognostic value of EphA2 in RCC patients and its association with clinicopathological parameters as well as Ki-67 expression, which is a well-known proliferative and prognostic marker in RCC.
EphA2 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining was performed on whole sections representative of 50 patients diagnosed with primary RCC from 2013 to 2018. In addition, the association between EphA2 mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as the patients’ outcome was also evaluated using two large publicly available databases.
Our results showed a significant association between EphA2 immunohistochemical expression and tumor size, nuclear grade, tumor stage, patients’ outcome and Ki-67 expression (P < .05 for all). The same trend was also observed with EphA2 mRNA expression using larger patients’ cohorts in 2 publicly available databases. Notably, EphA2 protein expression showed higher levels of co-expression with the proliferative marker Ki-67.
Our results suggested that higher expression of EphA2 and Ki-67 in tumor tissues predicts a locally aggressive behaviour and poor outcome of patients with RCC. Moreover, our results give a rationale for the potential benefits of using novel therapeutic strategies with the aim of targeting EphA2 receptor in RCC patients that might help in improving their outcome.
Spontaneous Rupture of a Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Bel Hadj Mariem , Marzougui Mohamed , Ben Abdeljelil Nouha , Dhouieb Rim , Zakhama Abdelfattah , Chadly Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cavernous hemangiomas represent the most common benign tumors affecting the liver. They are more often asymptomatic and usually diagnosed through radiological examinations performed for other reasons. When there are symptomatic, they may cause digestive disorders such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or a palpable mass. Sudden death may occur as a result of rupture and bleeding. Spontaneous rupture of cavernous hepatic hemangioma is a rare complication, but the mortality rate is high. We report a rare case of sudden unexpected death of a 46-year-old woman due to a spontaneous rupture of a giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma discovered at autopsy.