bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between time and predictive model maintenance
Authors: Leevy Joffrey L. , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M. , Bauder Richard A. , Seliya Naeem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA majority of predictive models should be updated regularly, since the most recent data associated with the model may have a different distribution from that of the original training data. This difference may be critical enough to impact the effectiveness of the machine learning model. In our paper, we investigate the relationship between time and predictive model maintenance. Our work incorporates severely imbalanced big data from three Medicare datasets, namely Part D, DMEPOS, and Combined, that have been used in several fraud detection studies. We build training datasets from year-groupings of 2013, 2014, 2015, 2013–2014, 2014–2015, and 2013–2015. Our test datasets are built from the 2016 data. To mitigate some of the adverse effects from the severe class imbalance in these datasets, the performance of five class ratios obtained by Random Undersampling and five learners is evaluated by the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve metric. The models producing the best values are as follows: Logistic Regression with the 2015 year-grouping at a 99:1 class ratio (Part D); Random Forest with the 2014-2015 year-grouping at a 75:25 class ratio (DMEPOS); and Logistic Regression with the full 2015 year-grouping (Combined). Our experimental results show that the largest training dataset (year-grouping 2013–2015) was not among the selected choices, which indicates that the 2013 data may be outdated. Moreover, we note that because the best model is different for Part D, DMEPOS, and Combined, this suggests that these three datasets may actually be sub-domains requiring unique models within the Medicare fraud detection domain.
Comparison of 3 γ-probes for simultaneous iodine-125-seed and technetium-99m breast cancer surgery: NEMA standard characterisation with extended processing
Authors: Hoog Christopher , Koulibaly Pierre-Malick , Dejean Catherine , Desdoits Tom , Humbert Olivier , Barranger Emmanuel , Darcourt Jacques 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Iodine-125 (125I) seeds can be used as landmarks to locate non-palpable breast lesions instead of implanting metal wires. This relatively new technique requires a nuclear probe usually used for technetium-99m (99mTc) sentinel node detection. This study aimed to compare the performances of different probes and valid the feasibility of this technique, especially in the case of simultaneous 125I-seed and 99mTc breast cancer surgery.

Methods
Three probes with different features (SOE-3211, SOE-3214 and GammaSUP-II) were characterised according to the NEMA NU3-2004 standards for a 99mTc source and a 125I-seed. Several tests such as sensitivity, linearity or spatial resolution allowed an objective comparison of their performances. NEMA testing was extended to work on signals discrimination in case of simultaneous detection of two different sources (innovative figure of merit “Shift Index”) and to assess the 99mTc scatter fraction, a useful parameter for the improvement of the probes in terms of detector materials and electronic system.

Results
Although the GammaSUP-II probe saturated at a lower activity (1.6 MBq at 10 mm depth), it allowed better sensitivity and spatial resolution at the different NEMA tests performed with the 99mTc source (7865 cps/MBq and 15 mm FWHM at 10 mm depth). With the 125I-seed, the GammaSUP-II was the most sensitive probe (3106 cps/MBq at 10 mm depth) and the SOE-3211 probe had the best spatial resolution (FWHM 20 mm at 10 mm depth). The SOE-3214 probe was more efficient on discriminating 125I from 99mTc in case of simultaneous detection. The SOE probes were more efficient concerning 99mTc scatter fraction assessments. The SOE-3211 probe, with overall polyvalent performances, seemed to be an interesting trade-off for detection of both 125I and 99mTc.

Conclusion
The three probes showed heterogeneous performances but were all suitable for simultaneous 99mTc sentinel node and 125I-seed detection. This study provides an objective and innovative methodology to compare probes performances and then choose the best trade-off regarding their expected use.
Invasive growth of Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji and increase of nuclear number
Authors: Yasui Mizuki , Oda Ken , Masuo Shunsuke , Hosoda Shuji , Katayama Takuya , Maruyama Jun-ichi , Takaya Naoki , Takeshita Norio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground‘Ricekoji’ is a solid culture ofAspergillus oryzaeon steamed rice grains. Multiple parallel fermentation, wherein saccharification of rice byA. oryzaeand alcohol fermentation by the budding yeast occur simultaneously, leads to the formation of a variety of ingredients of Japanese sake. In sake brewing, the degree of mycelial invasive growth into the steamed rice, called ‘haze-komi’, highly correlates with the digestibility and quality of ricekoji, since the hyphae growing into the rice secrete amylases and digest starch.ResultsIn this study, we investigated mycelial distribution of GFP-taggedA. oryzaein ricekojimade with different types of rice, such as sake rice and eating rice, with 50 or 90% polishing rate to remove abundant proteins and lipids near the surface. In addition, we compared transcriptomes ofA. oryzaein the different types of ricekoji. Finally, we found thatA. oryzaeincreases the nuclear number and hyphal width in the course of 1–3 days cultivation.ConclusionsOur imaging analyses indicate thatA. oryzaehyphae grew more deeply into 50% polished rice than 90% polished rice. The increases of nuclear number may be a selectively acquired characteristic for the high secretory capacity during the long history of cultivation of this species.
Downfolding of the epiglottis into the laryngeal inlet after tracheal intubation using the McGRATHTM MAC videolaryngoscope: a case report
Authors: Soma Haruno , Furutani Kenta , Hibino Ayaka , Hibino Akinobu , Baba Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Downfolding of the epiglottis into the laryngeal inlet is considered to be a rare complication of tracheal intubation. We describe a case of epiglottic downfolding during tracheal intubation using a McGrath videolaryngoscope (McGRATHTM MAC).

Case presentation
A 44-year-old female was scheduled for breast reconstruction surgery. Intubation was performed using a McGrath videolaryngoscope. After intubation, videolaryngoscopy revealed that the epiglottis was inverted and folded down into the laryngeal inlet. We elevated the larynx anteriorly using the McGrath videolaryngoscope, enabling the downfolded epiglottis to be pulled out from the laryngeal inlet and restored to its original position. After surgery, the patient was extubated without any complications.

Conclusions
When using the McGrath videolaryngoscope, both glottic exposure similar to that achieved with the Macintosh laryngoscope and careful observation of the epiglottis should enable the prevention, detection, and treatment of epiglottic downfolding into the laryngeal inlet.
Subjective (dis)utility of effort: mentally and physically demanding tasks
Authors: Ackerman Phillip L. , Tatel Corey E. , Lyndgaard Sibley F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEffort as a concept, whether momentary, sustained, or as a function of different task conditions, is of critical importance to resource theories of attention, fatigue/boredom, workplace motivation, career selection, performance, job incentives, and other applied psychology concerns. Various models of motivation suggest that there is an inverted-U-shaped function describing the personal utility of effort, but there are expected to be individual differences in the optimal levels of effort that also are related to specific domain preferences. The current study assessed the disutility of effort for 125 different tasks/activities and also explored individual differences correlates of task preferences, in a sample of 77 undergraduate participants. The participants rated each activity in terms of the amount of compensation they would require to perform the task for a period of 4 h. They also completed paired comparisons for a subset of 24 items, followed by a set of preference judgments. Multidimensional scaling and preference scaling techniques were used to determine individual differences in task preference. Personality, motivation, and interest traits were shown to be substantially related to task preferences. Implications for understanding which individuals are oriented toward or away from tasks with different effort demands are discussed, along with considerations for the dynamics of attentional effort allocations during task performance.
Survivors of COVID-19 are at high risk of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Xiao Shuiyuan , Luo Dan , Xiao Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder caused by major psychological trauma. It could result in serious distress and disability. Previous epidemic studies report high prevalence rates among people exposed to the trauma resulted from an infectious disease epidemic. While the control of the epidemic and care of patients with COVID-19 are still the dominant task of the whole world, this commentary calls for attention to early intervention and prevention of PTSD among huge numbers of COVID-19 survivors, their family members, health care professionals and other first-line helpers.
Initial damage produced by a single 15-Gy x-ray irradiation to the rat calvaria skin
Authors: da Silva Santin Matheus , Koehler José , Rocha Danilo Massuia , dos Reis Camila Audrey , Omar Nadia Fayez , Fidler Yasmin , de Miranda Soares Maria Albertina , Gomes José Rosa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Calvaria skin has a reduced thickness, and its initial damage produced by irradiation was scarcely reported. We aimed to identify the initial effects of x-ray irradiation in the rat calvaria skin.

Methods
After approval by the Animal Ethical Committee, calvaria skin sections of five Wistar rats per time point were evaluated on days 4, 9, 14, and 25 following a single 15-Gy x-ray irradiation of the head. The control group was composed of five rats and evaluated on day 4. Sections were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining for morphology, inflammation, and fibrosis. Fibrosis was also evaluated by the collagen maturation index from Picrosirius red staining and by cell proliferation using the immunohistochemistry, after 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine intraperitoneal injection.

Results
In irradiated rats, we observed a reduction in epithelial cell proliferation (p = 0.004) and in matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression (p < 0.001), an increase in the maturation index, and with a predominance in the type I collagen fibers, on days 9 and 14 (1.19 and 1.17, respectively). A progressive disorganization in the morphology of the collagen fibers at all time points and changes in morphology of the sebaceous gland cells and hair follicle were present until day 14.

Conclusions
The initial damage produced by a single 15-Gy x-ray irradiation to the rat calvaria skin was a change in the normal morphology of collagen fibers to an amorphous aspect, a temporary absence of the sebaceous gland and hair follicles, and without a visible inflammatory process, cell proliferation, or fibrosis process in the dermis.
Changes in hamstring strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with tibialis allograft
Authors: Lee O-Sung , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in hamstring strength both after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with hamstring autograft followed by early rehabilitation and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR) with tibialis allograft followed by delayed rehabilitation.

Methods
Isokinetic strengths of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and endurances were compared between a group of 20 patients undergoing PCLR using a tibialis anterior allograft and a 1:2 matched control group of 40 patients undergoing ACLR using a hamstring autograft at 2 years after the operations. Clinical results were also compared using stability tests and the Lysholm and the International Knee Documentation Committee scores.

Results
At 2 years after the operations, the torque deficit of the hamstring muscle in the involved leg compared to the uninvolved leg at both 60°/s and 120°/s was greater in the PCLR group than in the ACLR group (60°/s, 21.8 ± 14.0% versus 1.9 ± 23.9%, P = 0.0171; 120°/s, 15.3 ± 13.7% versus −0.7 ± 17.4%, p = 0.012, respectively). The peak torque of the hamstring muscle at 120°/s was significantly lower in the involved leg than in the uninvolved leg only in the PCLR group (71.3 ± 31.9 N∙m versus 81.9 ± 27.8 N∙m, P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the clinical results between the groups except for a side-to-side difference in the tibial translation on Telos stress radiographs.

Conclusion
The strength of the hamstring of the PCLR leg with allograft was significantly weaker than that of the unoperated leg after 2 years, whereas that of the ACLR leg with hamstring autograft maintained a similar level of strength compared to that of the uninvolved leg.

Level of evidence
Level III, case–control study.
Mechanism of corrosion protection in chloride solution by an apple-based green inhibitor: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Honarvar Nazari Mehdi , Shihab Mehdi Salih , Havens Eden Adele , Shi Xianming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreservation of metals in infrastructures and other assets requires cost-effective and sustainable solutions such as green corrosion inhibitors. This study assesses an apple pomace-derived green inhibitor synthesized by an innovative zero-waste method. Electrochemical measurements revealed the high performance of this liquid extract in reducing the corrosion of carbon steel in NaCl brine. The chemical composition of this inhibitor was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to shed light on the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Based on LC-MS analysis, the results of surface analysis were interpreted. Specifically, the major corrosion inhibitor agent in the apple pomace extract was determined as C26H50NO7P (1-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), which can adsorb onto the steel surface to form a barrier layer and serve as a blocker of active anodic sites. Further study showed that the apple extract adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm, and physical adsorption is dominant (vs. chemical adsorption). Theoretical calculations using quantum chemistry proposed a physisorption mechanism for the protection of steel by C26H50NO7P molecules.Graphical abstract
A brief review of the technological advancements of phase measuring deflectometry
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Gao Feng , Jiang Xiangqian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a short review for phase measuring deflectometry (PMD). PMD is a phase calculation based technique for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of specular surfaces. PMD can achieve nano-scale form measurement accuracy with the advantages of high dynamic range, non-contact, full field measurement which makes it a competitive method for specular surface measurement. With the development of computer science, display and imaging technology, there has been an advancement in speed for PMD in recent years. This paper discusses PMD focusing on the difference on its system configuration. Measurement principles, progress, advantages and problems are discussed for each category. The challenges and future development of PMD are also discussed.
Anti-angiogenesis and apoptogenic potential of the brown marine alga, Chnoospora minima
Authors: Parveen Shabana , Nadumane Varalakshmi K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Algae being one of the dominant organisms in nature can provide best opportunity for the discovery of new anti-cancer drugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic potential of the brown marine alga Chnoospora minima.

Result
The methanol extract of C. minima and its bioactive fraction (CF4) have highly significant cytotoxic effects to HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The fraction’s ability to induce apoptosis in the cancer cells was evidenced by increased caspase activity (caspase-3, 7 and 10), DNA fragmentation pattern and upregulated expressions of Bax and p53 genes. The bioactive fraction was not toxic to human peripheral lymphocytes. HPLC, ESI-MS and GC-MS analysis of CF4 fraction indicated the presence of the compound hexadecanoic acid which might be responsible for the observed anti-cancer activity of C. minima. The methanol extract of C. minima exhibited anti-angiogenic effects on chick embryos.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that fraction, CF4, from C. minima is a promising source of an anti-cancer lead molecule.
Parameter crosstalk and leakage between spatially separated unknowns in viscoelastic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Keating Scott , Innanen Kristopher A. 
Published: June 2020

Elastic and attenuative effects play a major role in the determination of wave amplitudes and phases observed at seismic sensors. Viscoelastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to recover much of the information content of measured seismic data by simultaneously accounting for these effects. However, the frequency variations and phase information present in viscoelastic FWI introduce new challenges to the inversion, especially through their impact on interparameter crosstalk. Crosstalk is typically characterized through analysis of the radiation patterns of point scatterers; however, the point scatterer model is not well suited to viscoelastic FWI because (1) attenuation introduces a significant potential for crosstalk between variables distant from one another in space and (2) interpreting the effect of frequency and phase dependence on the radiation patterns of point scatterers is not straightforward. We have introduced and examined a numerical approach for assessing the viscoelastic crosstalk modes expected for a given parameterization, optimization strategy, and acquisition geometry based on differencing various synthetic inversion results. With this approach, we have characterized the viscoelastic crosstalk for a typical parameterization for several possible acquisition geometries. Of particular note is the strong tendency for [Formula: see text] variables to leak into elastic variables from which they are spatially separated.
An Efficient Test Method for the Quantification of Technology-Dependent Factors Affecting the Fatigue Behavior of Metallic Additive Manufacturing Components
Authors: Nicoletto Gianni 
Published: June 2020

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology for producing high-performance metal parts. The fatigue characterization of PBF metals is a fundamental step toward technology acceptance for structural applications. Most published fatigue characterizations have adopted standard specimens with machined gage sections, although, to be competitive with conventional technologies, machining of PBF parts should be minimized. Therefore, the impact of the as-built surface quality on the fatigue performance of PBF parts is a major concern for part design and qualification.
We describe a novel testing approach that adopts miniature specimens and plane cyclic bending for the fatigue characterization of as-built PBF metals and assess this approach for the case of a Ti6Al4V alloy against data obtained with standard specimen geometries and test methods. The role of factors such as stress versus build directionality, geometrical notches, and PBF technology on the high-cycle fatigue of Ti6Al4V is then quantified. The proposed method is cost-effective and has flexible applicability. Therefore, it is useful for basic fatigue research of PBF metals and for supporting the qualification of fatigue-critical PBF parts.
South Korea’s and Taiwan’s Territorial Disputes with Japan, 1990s to 2018
Authors: Lai Christina 
Published: June 2020

South Korea and Taiwan are former Japanese colonies that have undergone similar processes of state-building since WWII. But they have chosen different rhetorical frameworks in their maritime disputes with Japan. In South Korea, negotiating with Japan can be viewed as threatening the country’s independence and pride, whereas in the Taiwanese government, cooperation with Japan is considered mutually beneficial. Why have these two countries taken such divergent stances toward Japan?
This article examines the territorial disputes between South Korea and Japan over Dokdo, and between Taiwan and Japan over the Senkaku Islands. It sets forth a rhetorical framework of comparison, and it proposes a constructivist perspective in understanding South Korea’s and Taiwan’s legitimation strategies toward Japan from the late 1990s to 2018. This comparative study suggests that the differences between their legitimation strategies can be traced to their different colonial experiences with Japan.
Antitumor chemical constituents of Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam root bark and its rational alternative medicinal parts by multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Luo Cairong , Liu Jie , Liang Yan , Shen Xiangchun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractToddalia asiatica(Linn) Lam (T. asiatica) as a traditional Miao medicine was investigated to find rational alternative medicinal parts forT. asiaticaroot bark and its antitumor chemical constituents by quantitative pharmacognostic microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis. A bivariate correlation analysis method based on microscopic characteristics and content of chemical constituents was established for the first time, there were some regular discoveries between powder microscopic characteristics and common chromatographic peaks ofT. asiaticathrough quantitative pharmacognostic microscopy, cork cells, calcium oxalate square crystal, brown clump, starch granule and phloem fiber, as powder microscopic characteristics may be placed where the main chemical constitutes were enriched. Scores plot of principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram of hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) showed that 18T. asiaticasamples were distinguished correctly, clustered clearly into two main groups as follows: S01∼S03 (root bark) and S07∼S09 (stem bark) in cluster 1, S04∼S06 and S10∼S18 in cluster 2. Nineteen common peaks were obtained in HPLC fingerprint ofT. asiatica, loadings plot of PCA indicated seven compounds played important roles in different part of samples (P10 > P08 > P07 > P14 > P16 > P17 > P19), peaks 04, 06, 07, 08, 10 were identified as hesperidin, 4-methoxycinnamic acid, toddalolactone, isopimpinlline and pimpinellin. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory activity of different medicinal parts ofT. asiaticaon human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, all parts ofT. asiaticahad different inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell lines, root and stem barks ofT. asiaticashowed the best inhibitory activity. The relationship between chemical constituents and the inhibitions on MCF-7 cell had been established, significant antitumor constituents ofT. asiaticawere identified by correlation analysis, the order of the antitumor effect of the main compounds was P07 (toddalolactone) > P16 > P06 (4-methoxycinnamic acid), P11 > P18 > P10 (pimpinellin) > P08 (isopimpinellin) > P01 > P19 > P14 > P04 (hesperidin) > P17, which were antitumor chemical constituents ofT. asiaticaroot bark.T. asiaticastem bark was the most rational alternative medicinal part forT. asiaticaroot bark.