bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can tourism value heritage?
Authors: Araújo Luís 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the Portuguese REVIVE project, which aims to promote the re-qualification and tourism utilization of a set of national properties with architectural, heritage, historical and cultural value. The purpose is to convert them into economic assets thereby generating employment and wealth throughout the territory.

Design/methodology/approach
The main decisions related to the REVIVE program are analyzed and related to the sector’s present performance.

Findings
The heritage need for recovery, as well as its return to public enjoyment through a new form of tourist use, was the motto for the construction of the REVIVE Program. Of the 33 properties identified and integrated in the REVIVE program, 17 are located in the countryside. Out of the total,16 properties have already been put to tender, highlighting that 7 contracts have been signed with the contest winners, in an estimated investment of over €50m.

Originality/value
This paper shows how the Portuguese Tourism Strategy 2027 identifies as differentiating assets the history, the culture and the identity of territories and local communities. Among other lines of action, it also highlights the valorization of communities and territories, thereby boosting the economy.
Leading the way for sustainable development
Authors: Costa Jorge , Montenegro Mónica , Gomes João 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the papers in this issue and to explain the pertinence of the strategic question.

Design/methodology/approach
A brief context for the strategic question is provided, as well as the issue alignment and a content analysis of the papers selected.

Findings
From the analysis of the papers selected for this theme issue, it becomes clear that sustainable development is now one of the major concerns in the world today.

Originality/value
The papers selected for this issue shed light on an important theme issue question: how can tourism strategy contribute to sustainable development?
Altitudinal Distribution of Meltwater and Its Effects on Glacio‐Hydrology in Glacierized Catchments, Central Asia
Authors: Shafeeque Muhammad , Luo Yi , Wang Xiaolei , Sun Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn glacierized catchments, elevation is correlated with meltwater through its association with temperature, precipitation, and glacier hypsometry. The revelation of the altitudinal distribution of meltwater, unattended and not fully understood in previous work, might provide a better understanding of climate change impacts on glacio‐hydrology. Here, critical zone approach was defined and applied in 12 glacierized catchments of the Tien Shan–Pamir–Karakorum Mountains, Central Asia using manually calibrated glacier‐enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool model over 1966–2005. The critical zone, a sequence of elevation bands with above‐average snow and glacier melt, contributes maximum meltwater to total runoff. The critical zone shared 37%–95% (average = 80%) of meltwater contributions to total runoff, although its size was only 13%–30% of the total elevational relief. The critical zone controlled 76% and 82% variability in relative changes of glacier area and total runoff at the catchment scale, respectively. The increase in temperature was identified as the dominant driver for variations in total runoff in all catchments except Vakhsh and Yurungkash, where precipitation change remained dominant. Overall, glacier hypsometry limited the first‐order control of meltwater distributions on glacio‐hydrology. It is concluded that critical zone approach can interpret the proxy role of elevation to affect water availability under climate and glacier area change in glacierized catchments.
The expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and association with radioresistance
Authors: Wang Zhe , Zhang Jingze , Li Minghuan , Kong Li , Yu Jinming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe roles of p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway in the radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not yet been revealed. This study aimed to clarify the expression and correlation of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 and their association with radioresistance in ESCC.MethodsThis study included 164 cases of inoperable locally advanced ESCC. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2. The results were analyzed independently by two pathologists.ResultsThere was no significant relationship between p‐p62 or nuclear Nrf2 and patients' clinical characteristics. Compared to patients with low expression of p‐p62, patients with high expression of p‐p62 showed lower objective response rate (ORR). Similarly, patients with high expression of nuclear Nrf2 exhibited lower ORR compared to those with low expression of nuclear Nrf2. The expression of p‐p62 was positively correlated with that of nuclear Nrf2. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between them was higher among patients showing no response to CCRT. Univariate analysis revealed that higher expression of p‐p62 or nuclear Nrf2 was significantly associated with poorer PFS and OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of nuclear Nrf2 and treatment response were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Sex, treatment response, expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 were independent prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionHigher expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 are associated with lower ORR as well as poorer prognosis, which indicates that p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway might play an essential role in the radioresistance of ESCC.Key points
The expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 in ESCC show a significant relationship with patients' responses to CCRT and influence the prognosis of ESCC.
p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway might be a new target for radiosensitization in ESCC.
A Neolithic innovation in eastern Arabia: haematite axes and adzes
Authors: Charpentier Vincent 
Published: November 2019

Well before metallurgy, Neolithic societies in the Gulf were engaging in a very peculiar form of metal object production, particularly of axes and adzes made from haematite. In the heart of the Neolithic Middle East, this innovation was specific to Arabian shores between the Musandam and Qatar peninsulas. Quite infrequent among Neolithic lithic assemblages from Arabia, axes and adzes were mostly collected on the surface of domestic settlements. One is often dealing with objects to which the most focus has been given, apart from arrowheads and projectile points. Several sites or outcrops are present on the Emirati coastline and Gulf islands. Inland mountain ranges also include some of these. From Ra’s al‐Khaimah to Qatar, only 500 km separate the most distant Neolithic domestic settlements which possess haematite axes or hoes, a distance that is quite small when one considers the circulation of polished stone blades in other societies of the same period. Within the Middle East, south‐eastern Arabia during the Neolithic engaged in a very original means of production of metal objects, as the latter did not focus on copper, a very malleable and much more available material, but on haematite, which was much harder.
Plant‐derived medicinal entomochemicals: an integrated approach to biodiscovery in Australia
Authors: Faast Renate , Weinstein Philip 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite an ancient and well‐established use of insects in traditional medicine, our understanding of their bioactive compounds (entomochemicals) lags far behind that of medicinal plants (phytochemicals). In this review, we focus particularly on insect–plant interactions, to examine the possible dependence of the medicinal properties of insects on phytochemicals that they bioaccumulate or chemically modify. We suggest that a cross‐disciplinary approach including ethnobiology, insect ecology and phytochemistry can provide new opportunities in bioprospecting. Such opportunities lie not only in identifying medicinal entomochemicals that are based on phytochemical accumulation or modification but also on using insects as bioindicators of what plants may contain novel phytochemicals that have not yet been studied. Firstly, evidence is drawn from the international literature on the medicinal use of insects, many of which have pharmacological properties now well established in the Western scientific paradigm. Secondly, we highlight the value of a cross‐disciplinary approach to bioprospecting in an Australian context, where records of traditional Aboriginal use of medicinal insects are scant. Particularly, we explore the Aboriginal use of Lepidoptera as a case study, including witchetty grubs, hawkmoths and processionary caterpillars. We conclude that opportunities remain to connect traditional, ecological and chemical knowledge for biodiscovery, in collaboration with Indigenous communities. Ultimately, the success of any such endeavour is dependent on the successful conservation management of insect biodiversity into the future.
Changes of sires in a breeding farm enables maintenance of DNA‐level genetic variation in a produced herd of Hokkaido Native Horses
Authors: Amano Tomoko , Tozaki Teruaki , Takasu Masaki , Onogi Akio , Yamada Fumihiro , Kawai Masahito , Ueda Junji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether regular changes of the sire in a breeding farm of Hokkaido Native Horses (HKDs) enables the DNA‐level genetic variation of the produced animals to be maintained. The genotypes of 31 microsatellite markers were identified and analyzed in 207 animals produced in a breeding farm in which the sire was replaced every 3 to 5 years. The mean allele number indicating the degree of genetic variation was 5.97 and was similar to those reported previously. The mean observed heterozygosity was 0.74 and was higher than the expected heterozygosity, 0.69; FIS was −0.07, indicating that the analyzed animals reflected frequent outbreeding and had maintained genetic variation. Based on genetic structural analysis, the number of genetic subpopulations of the animals was estimated to be as 6, and the majority (more than 50%) of each subpopulation corresponded to the progeny of one of the sires used in the breeding farm; these observations suggested that genetic variation in the analyzed animals reflected the genetic differences among sires. Pedigree records indicated that the average co‐ancestry coefficient between sires used in the breeding farm was 0.015 corresponding to second cousin. This level of kinship among sires is acceptable for producing HKDs that maintain genetic variation.
#MeToo and lessons in stakeholder responsibility
Authors: William Diener Keith , Small Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBusiness ethics literature regularly examines obligations of firms. This article examines the contrary and relatively under‐explored notion of obligations of stakeholders. It does so by discussing incidents of sexual misconduct arising under the umbrella of the #MeToo movement. This article explores how the theory of stakeholder responsibility can aid firms in understanding and addressing complex issues associated with stakeholder irresponsibility. It examines the moral responsibilities of regime members in the context of #MeToo incidents to provide a conceptual framework for firms addressing issues associated with irresponsible stakeholder actions.
Conformational investigation of peptides using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy—A study of polymorphism of β‐turn peptides containing diprolines
Authors: Yarava Jayasubba Reddy , Nishiyama Yusuke , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Ramanathan Krishna Venkatachala 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe construction of complex protein folds relies on the precise conversion of a linear polypeptide chain into a compact 3‐dimensional structure. In this context, study of isolated secondary structural modules containing short stretches of amino acids assumes significance. Additionally, peptides, both natural and synthetic, play a major role as potential drugs. With a view to understand the local conformations adopted by peptides in the solid state, we propose a multinuclear NMR approach utilizing spectra of nuclei in their natural isotopic abundance. Various solid‐state NMR experiments have been utilized for assignment of the spectra. Additionally, the gauge‐including projector augmented‐wave (GIPAW) calculations were used to confirm the assignments. Particularly, the utility of the double‐quantum–single‐quantum correlation experiments is highlighted for the purpose of assignment and for inferring the conformation across the peptide bond. The methodology is illustrated for the case of designed peptides containing diproline residues occurring at the β‐turns for identifying their cis‐trans conformational polymorphism. The proposed method promises to be of use in the study of conformations of small‐ to medium‐sized peptides such as antimicrobial peptides and in the study of polymorphism leading to applications in drug development protocols.
Structural and biochemical characterization of a family 7 highly thermostable endoglucanase from the fungus Rasamsonia emersonii
Authors: Schiano‐di‐Cola Corinna , Kołaczkowski Bartłomiej , Sørensen Trine Holst , Christensen Stefan Jarl , Cavaleiro Ana Mafalda , Windahl Michael Skovbo , Borch Kim , Morth Jens Preben , Westh Peter 
Published: November 2019

Thermostable cellulases from glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) are the main components of enzymatic mixtures for industrial saccharification of lignocellulose. Activity improvement of these enzymes via rational design is a promising strategy to alleviate the industrial costs, but it requires detailed structural knowledge. While substantial biochemical and structural data are available for GH7 cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases are more elusive and only few structures have been solved so far. Here, we report a new crystal structure and biochemical characterization of a thermostable endoglucanase from the thermophilic ascomycete Rasamsonia emersonii, ReCel7B. The enzyme was compared with the homologous endoglucanase from the mesophilic model ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (TrCel7B), which unlike ReCel7B possesses an additional carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM). With a temperature optimum of 80 °C, ReCel7B displayed a number of differences in activity and ability to synergize with cellobiohydrolases compared to TrCel7B. We improved both binding and kinetics in a chimeric variant of ReCel7B and a CBM, while we observe the opposite effect when the CBM was removed in TrCel7B. The crystal structure of ReCel7B was determined at 2.48 Å resolution, with Rwork and Rfree factors of 0.182 and 0.206, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that ReCel7B has increased rigidity in a number of peripheral loops compared to TrCel7B and fewer aromatics in the substrate‐binding cleft. An increased number of glycosylations were identified in ReCel7B, and we propose a stabilizing mechanism for one of the glycans. Global structure–function interpretations of ReCel7B highlight the differences in temperature stability, turnover, binding, and cellulose accessibility in GH7 endoglucanases.DatabaseStructural data are available in RCSB Protein Data Bank database under the accession number 6SU8.EnzymesReCel7B, endoglucanase (EC3.2.1.4) from Rasamsonia emersonii; ReCel7A, cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.176) from Rasamsonia emersonii; TrCel7B, endoglucanase (EC3.2.1.4) from Trichoderma reesei; TrCel7A, cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.176) from Trichoderma reesei.
Anti‐viral effects of interferon‐λ3 on hepatitis B virus infection in cell culture
Authors: Yamada Norie , Murayama Asako , Shiina Masaaki , Aly Hussein Hassan , Iwamoto Masashi , Tsukuda Senko , Watashi Koichi , Tanaka Tomohisa , Moriishi Kohji , Nishitsuji Hironori , Sugiyama Masaya , Mizokami Masashi , Shimotohno Kunitada , Muramatsu Masamichi , Murata Kazumoto , Kato Takanobu 
Published: November 2019

AimInterferon (IFN)‐λ3 is known to have antiviral effects against various pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that the production of IFN‐λ3 in colon cells after the administration of nucleotide analogs is expected to reduce hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic hepatitis B patients. Here, we aimed to prove the antiviral effects of IFN‐λ3 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) by using an in vitro HBV production and infection system.MethodsWe used HepG2.2.15‐derived HBV as an inoculum and the replication‐competent molecular clone of HBV as a replication model.ResultsBy administering IFN‐λ3 to HepG2 cells transfected with the HBV molecular clone, the production of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core‐related antigen was reduced dose‐dependently. IFN‐λ3 treatment also reduced the number of HBV‐positive cells and the synthesis of covalently closed circular DNA after infection of HepG2.2.15‐derived HBV to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide‐transduced HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect on HBV infection by IFN‐λ3 was confirmed by using a recombinant a HBV reporter virus system. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the anti‐HBV effect of IFN‐λ3, we assessed the transcription of HBV RNA and the production of core‐associated HBV DNA in HBV molecular clone‐transfected HepG2 cells, and found that both parameters were reduced by IFN‐λ3.ConclusionsWe observed that the administration of IFN‐λ3 inhibits HBV infection and the production of HBV proteins at the HBV RNA transcription level. This finding provides novel insight into the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with the administration or induction of IFN‐λ3.
Activating killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors: Detection, function and therapeutic use
Authors: Blunt Matthew D. , Khakoo Salim I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) have a central role in the control of natural killer (NK) cell function. The functions of the activating KIRs, as compared to those of the inhibitory KIR, have been more difficult to define due to difficulties in antibody‐mediated identification and their apparent low affinities for HLA class I. Immunogenetic studies have shown associations of activating KIRs with the outcome of autoimmune diseases, pregnancy‐associated disorders, infectious diseases and cancers. Activating KIR are thus thought to have important roles in the control of natural killer cell functions and their role in disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on activating KIR, their ligands and, their roles in the pathogenesis and potential therapy of human diseases.
ISTAP classification for skin tears: Validation for Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: da Silva Cinthia V. B. , Campanili Ticiane C. G. F. , Freitas Noélle de Oliveira , LeBlanc Kimberly , Baranoski Sharon , Santos Vera L. C. de Gouveia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate interobserver reliability and the concurrent criterion validity of the adapted version of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) Skin Tear Classification System to Brazilian Portuguese. For the evaluation of interobserver reliability using the photograph database, 36 nurses classified 30 skin tears (STs) into three groups, according to its definitions (adapted version). For the evaluation through clinical application, 23 nurses classified 12 STs present in 8 thoracic and cardiovascular postoperative patients at a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For the data collection of patients, an enterostomal therapist nurse classified the ST found by simultaneously using the adapted ISTAP version and the Skin Tear Audit Research (STAR) Classification System to test the concurrent criterion validity. The average of 17.83 correct answers (SD = 5.03) resulted from 1080 photograph observations, with Fleiss κ = 0.279 (reasonable concordance level). The interobserver reliability in the clinical application resulted in a global correct answer percentage of 76.7% in 85 observations. The concurrent criterion validity was attested by the total correlation (r = 1) between ISTAP and STAR. The ISTAP classification for ST is a reliable instrument and also valid in Brazil, making it another option to be used in clinical practice.
How to Promote Fed Independence: Perspectives from Political Economy and History
Authors: Calomiris Charles W. 
Published: November 2019

In two short histories of the independence of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank since its creation in 1913—the first with respect to the Fed's monetary policymaking, the second focused on its regulatory policymaking—the author shows that the range of the Fed's powers has varied greatly over time, and that changes in those powers have had major effects on the extent of Fed independence. Moreover, the shifts over time in Fed powers reflect, to a significant degree, conscious trade‐offs by Fed leaders. A large number of somewhat surprising Fed positions on important regulatory matters can be explained as more or less deliberate attempts to preserve the Fed's monetary powers from political interference by yielding some of its independence in exercising its regulatory authority.In a case involving one of the most destructive U.S. financial regulatory policies, the Fed's effective neutrality on, and thus failure to support, the elimination of restrictions on interstate branch banking is seen as contributing to the chronic instability of the U.S. banking system, which has suffered some 20 major crises since the early 1800s (as compared to the crisis‐free Canadian system, with its nationwide banking from its inception). The Fed's reluctance to intervene is attributed to its unwillingness to antagonize powerful Congressional supporters of state banking interests and, more generally, to a “game of bank bargains” that can be seen at work in the political economy of virtually all countries.In more recent times, the most costly episode in this time‐honored game features a series of implicit or, in some cases, explicit agreements between large U.S. banks and urban activist groups—under the aegis of the Community Reinvestment Act, and with the oversight and implicit blessing of the Fed—to make on the order of $4.6 trillion loans to “subprime” borrowers in exchange for the activists’ (and the Fed's) support in Congressional merger hearings. The resulting nationwide debasement of mortgage underwriting standards and sheer volume of “toxic assets,” in combination with clearly inadequate capital requirements (which the Fed also failed to correct), are viewed as if not the principal cause of the crisis, a far bigger contributor than, say, the Fed's widely criticized unwillingness to tighten monetary policy in the early 2000s.To prevent the Fed from continuing to sacrifice its independence in regulatory matters to preserve its freedom to conduct monetary policy, the author proposes that authority for regulatory and monetary policy be vested in two separate regulatory bodies. If carried out, such a policy change would enact a proposal made by then Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson in 2008, just before the global financial crisis hit.