bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Analyses of the Popularity and Efficacy of Four Behavioral Methods of Gradual Smoking Cessation
Authors: Lindson Nicola , Michie Susan , Aveyard Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Around half of smokers attempt to stop by cutting-down first. Evidence suggests that this results in similar quit rates to abrupt quitting. Evidence for the effectiveness and popularity of different gradual cessation methods is sparse.

Methods
Secondary, exploratory, analyses of a randomized trial of gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation. Gradual participants (N = 342) chose between four methods of cutting-down over 2 weeks: cutting-out the easiest cigarettes first (HR-E); cutting-out the most difficult cigarettes first (HR-D); smoking on an increasing time schedule (SR); and not smoking during particular periods (SFP). Nicotine replacement therapy and behavioral support were provided before and after quit day. We used logistic and linear regression modeling to test whether the method chosen was associated with smoking reduction, quit attempts, and abstinence, while adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Participants were on average 49 years old, smoked 20 cigarettes per day, and had a Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence score of 6. 14.9% (51/342) chose HR-E, 2.1% (7/342) HR-D, 46.2% (158/342) SFP, and 36.8% (126/342) SR. We found no evidence of adjusted or unadjusted associations between method and successful 75% reduction in cigarette consumption, reduction in percentage cigarettes per day or exhaled carbon monoxide, quit attempts, or abstinence at 4-week or 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Future research and practice could focus more heavily on the SR and SFP methods as these appeared notably more popular than HR. There was substantial imprecision in the efficacy data, which should be treated with caution; however, none of the gradual cessation methods showed clear evidence of being more efficacious than others.

Implications
There is evidence that people who would like to quit smoking gradually should be supported to do so. However, as this is relatively new thinking and there is large potential for variation in methods, guidance on the best way to offer support is sparse. This article is an exploratory analysis of the popularity and efficacy of various methods in an attempt to move the topic forward and inform the implementation of gradual smoking cessation methods in practice. The identified popularity of some methods over others signposts directions for future research.
Evidence for the Efficacy of an Opioid-Sparing Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen in the Surgery Patient: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hilleman Daniel E , Malesker Mark A , Aurit Sarah J , Morrow Lee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous (IV) acetaminophen is used in multimodal analgesia to reduce the amount and duration of opioid use in the postoperative setting.MethodsA systematic review of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to define the opioid-sparing effect of IV acetaminophen in different types of surgeries. Eligible studies included prospective, randomized, double-blind trials of IV acetaminophen compared with either a placebo- or active-treatment group in adult (age ≥18 years) patients undergoing surgery. Trials had to be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal.ResultsA total of 44 treatment cohorts included in 37 studies were included in the systematic analysis. Compared with active- or placebo-control treatments, IV acetaminophen produced a statistically significant opioid-sparing effect in 14 of 44 cohorts (32%). An opioid-sparing effect was more common in placebo-controlled comparisons. Of the 28 placebo treatment comparisons, IV acetaminophen produced an opioid-sparing effect in 13 (46%). IV acetaminophen produced an opioid-sparing effect in only 6% (one out of 16) of the active-control groups. Among the 16 active-control groups, opioid consumption was significantly greater with IV acetaminophen than the active comparator in seven cohorts and not significantly different than the active comparator in eight cohorts.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic analysis demonstrate that IV acetaminophen is not effective in reducing opioid consumption compared with other adjuvant analgesic agents in the postoperative patient. In patients where other adjuvant analgesic agents are contraindicated, IV acetaminophen may be an option.
Brain and motor synchrony in children and adolescents with ASD—a fNIRS hyperscanning study
Authors: Kruppa Jana A , Reindl Vanessa , Gerloff Christian , Oberwelland Weiss Eileen , Prinz Julia , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin , Schulte-Rüther Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBrain-to-brain synchrony has been proposed as an important mechanism underlying social interaction. While first findings indicate that it may be modulated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no study to date has investigated the influence of different interaction partners and task characteristics. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning, we assessed brain-to-brain synchrony in 41 male typically developing (TD) children (8–18 years; control sample), as well as 18 children with ASD and age-matched TD children (matched sample), while performing cooperative and competitive tasks with their parents and an adult stranger. Dyads were instructed either to respond jointly in response to a target (cooperation) or to respond faster than the other player (competition). Wavelet coherence was calculated for oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin brain signals. In the control sample, a widespread enhanced coherence was observed for parent–child competition, and a more localized coherence for parent–child cooperation in the frontopolar cortex. While behaviorally, children with ASD showed a lower motor synchrony than children in the TD group, no significant group differences were observed on the neural level. In order to identify biomarkers for typical and atypical social interactions in the long run, more research is needed to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of reduced synchrony in ASD.
Mitogenomics and the genetic differentiation of contemporaryBalaena mysticetus(Cetacea) from Svalbard
Authors: Bachmann Lutz , Cabrera Andrea A , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Shpak Olga V , Lydersen Christian , Wiig Øystein , Kovacs Kit M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFull mitochondrial genomes were assembled for 12 recently sampled animals from the Svalbard bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) stock via high-throughput sequencing data, facilitating analysis of the demographic history of the population for the first time. The Svalbard population has retained noticeable amounts of mitochondrial genome diversity despite extreme historical harvest levels. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were similar to those estimated earlier for other bowhead whale populations. The reconstructed demographic history was in accordance with a boom–bust scenario, combining a slight Pleistocene population growth 25 000–35 000 years ago and a Holocene decline. Employing a mutation rate of 3.418 × 10–8 substitutions per site per year, the time to the most recent common ancestor for the mitochondrial genomes of the contemporary Svalbard bowhead whales was estimated to be 68 782 (54 353–83 216) years before the present. Based on 370 bp fragments of the D-loop region, significant genetic differentiation was detected between all extant bowhead whale populations across the circumpolar Arctic. Thus, the Svalbard bowhead whales can be regarded as a population with its own genetic legacy.
Comparison of ventriculoperitoneal shunt to lumboperitoneal shunt in the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Authors: Sun Tong , You Chao , Ma Lu , Yuan Yikai , Yang Jingguo , Tian Meng , Zhou Yicheng , Guan Junwen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery remains the most widely accepted and used option method to treat post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) worldwide while lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) serves as an effectively alternative treatment. However, the outcomes of VPS and LPS in the treatment of PHH have not been compared in a prospective trial.

Methods and design:
In this monocentric, assessor-blinded, non-randomized controlled trial, 75 eligible patients with PHH for each group will be recruited to compare the outcomes of VPS cohort with that of LPS cohort. Each participant is evaluated before surgery, at the time of discharge, 3, and 6 months after surgery by experienced and practiced assessors. The primary outcome is the rate of shunt failure 6 months after shunt surgery. The secondary measure of efficacy is National Institute of Health stroke scale, together along with Glasgow coma scale, modified Rankin Scale, and Evans index at the evaluation point. A favorable outcome is defined as shunt success with an improvement of more than 1 point in the National Institute of Health stroke scale. Complication events occurring within 6 months after surgery are investigated. A serious adverse events throughout the study are recorded regarding the safety of shunts.

Discussion:
The results of this trial will provide evidence for the treatment options for patients with PHH.
Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome
Authors: Wang Tian-shu , Wang Shou-feng , Song Wei-dong , Tang Zhao-chen , Zhao Yu , Lee Ken 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (PSSHS) is one of the most common sequelae in patients with stroke. Previous studies have reported that extracorporeal shock wave (EPSW) has been used to treat this condition effectively. However, its conclusions are still inconsistent. Therefore, this study will provide evidence to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of EPSW for the treatment of PSSHS.

Methods:
We will comprehensively search relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness and safety of EPSW for the treatment of PSSHS in the following databases from their start to February 1, 2020 without language and publication date limitations: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. For trials that meet all inclusion criteria, 2 researchers will independently extract the data from them and appraise study quality by Cochrane risk of bias. Any differences will be solved by discussion with the help of another researcher. All data will be performed and analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
We will summarize up-to-date high quality RCTs to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EPSW for the treatment of PSSHS.

Conclusions:
This study will provide a comprehensive evidence summary to determine whether EPSW is effective and safety for the treatment of PSSHS or not.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020175630.
Dual-task interference is related to attentional level in healthy farmers
Authors: Shin Dabi , Kang Eun Kyoung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dual-task interference (DTI) is a decreased performance when conducting 2 tasks simultaneously, such as cognitive and motor tasks. This study aimed to identify the DTI-related factors with individually computerized interference and analyze the relative implications of decreasing DTI in healthy farmers.
It followed 3 computerized experiments:
The reaction time of correct releases (CRT) of BT1 in all tasks was measured, and the CRT ratios of DT were divided by the CRT values from CT and MT to obtain the DTI value. CRT during CT and MT was decreased compared to that during DT. The interference by CT (CRT of DT/CRT of MT × 100, CTI) was increased compared to the interference by MT (CRT of DT/CRT of CT×100, MTI). Additionally, comprehensive baseline characteristics, body composition, psycho-cognitive, and physical factors were assessed.
Of a total of 54 participants, 16 are males (67.2 ± 8.9 years) and 38 females (62.5 ± 6.6 years). CTI showed significant correlations with age (r = 0.436, P < .001), farming period (r = 0.290, P = .033), score of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of CERAD Assessment Packet (r = −0.329, P = .015), CRT of the Go/No-Go test (r = 0.67, P < .001), score of the short physical performance battery (r = −0.304, P = .026), and time of the timed up and go test (r = 0.364, P = .007). Regression analysis showed that the CRT of the Go/No-Go test (β = 0.558, P < .001) was the most explanatory factors for CTI.
Based on the individualized DTI values quantified, interference during cognitive task was mostly related to CRT of Go/No-Go test, reflecting the attentional level. These results could suggest strategies for the active attentional training to reduce DTI and passive simplification and modification of lifestyles.
Inspection and polypectomy during both insertion and withdrawal or only during withdrawal of colonoscopy?
Authors: Wei Yaping , Shen Guofan , Yang Yutong , Jin Zheng , Hu Wei , Zhu Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Current evidence supporting additional inspection and polypectomy during insertion of colonoscopy is limited. We plan to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the yield of inspection and polypectomy during both insertion and withdrawal versus the traditional practice of inspection and polypectomy during withdrawal only.

Methods and analysis:
Randomised controlled trials evaluating inspection and polypectomy during both insertion and withdrawal versus inspection and polypectomy during withdrawal only will be searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar, from database inception to 31 May 2020. Data on study design, participant characteristics, and outcomes will be extracted. Primary outcomes to be assessed are adenoma detection rate. Secondary outcomes include polyp detection rate, advanced adenoma detection rate, the mean number of adenomas per patient, polyp miss rate, the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy, procedure duration, cecal intubation rate, procedure difficulty, patient discomfort, sedation dose, and adverse events. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.3 statistical software. Data will be combined with random effect model. The results will be presented as a risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data, and weighted/standard mean difference for continuous data. Publication bias will be visualized using funnel plots.

Ethics and dissemination:
This study will not use primary data, and therefore formal ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and committee conferences.

Protocol registration number:
INPLASY202050051.
Hand metastasis in a patient with cervical cancer
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Lenny , Ramos Alma Astorga , Perez-Montiel Delia , Ramirez-Morales Rebeca , Diaz Erick , Leon David Cantu-de 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Acrometastasis is infrequent and generally indicates a wider spread of metastasis with poor prognosis. The diagnosis is challenging, as it might mimic an infectious, inflammatory, or metabolic disease. Acrometastasis are most commonly found in patients with lung, gastrointestinal, kidney, and breast cancer. Only 3 cases of cervical cancer associated with hand metastasis have been reported in the literature.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we report a 58-year-old patient with locally advanced cervical cancer and recurrence in the right thumb as presentation of widespread disseminated disease. She initially presented with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and was treated with concurrent chemoradiation followed by high-dose rate brachytherapy. Six months later, she developed an insidious onset of pain and swelling in the right thumb, erythema, and edema, mimicking cellulitis.

Diagnosis:
A biopsy of the soft tissues of the thumb was performed, and the histopathology indicated metastasis of adenocarcinoma to the bone and soft tissues.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient rejected further treatment and died of progressive disease 4 months after the diagnosis of the recurrence.

Conclusion:
Metastases in unusual sites are a diagnostic challenge, and there is no standardized treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of these patients and might preserve their quality of life.
Effectiveness of suprascapular nerve block for the treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors: Wang Shou-feng , Wang Tian-shu , Li Jian-an , Tang Zhao-chen , Qiao Xiao-feng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will appraise the effectiveness and safety of suprascapular nerve block (SNB) for the treatment of frozen shoulder (FS).

Methods:
This study will incorporate studies relevant to SNB on FS. Articles will be searched in the electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, WANGFANG, and CNKI) from inception to the present. In addition, this study will also retrieve conference proceedings and reference lists of included studies. All literature source searches will not be restricted by date and language. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be utilized to evaluate the quality of retrieved trials. Data will be collected independently by 2 authors. All collected data will be analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
This study will synthesize the most recent published high quality trials on assessing the effectiveness and safety of SNB in treating FS.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will provide a genuine understanding and helpful evidence to determine whether SNB is effective or not in treating FS.

Study registration number:
INPLASY202050084.
Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence to detect genetic diseases with facial phenotypes
Authors: Qin Bosheng , Quan Qiyao , Wu Jingchao , Liang Letian , Li Dongxiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Many genetic diseases are known to have distinctive facial phenotypes, which are highly informative to provide an opportunity for automated detection. However, the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence to identify genetic diseases with facial phenotypes requires further investigation. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence to identify the genetic diseases with face phenotypes and then find the best algorithm.

Methods:
The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols” guidelines. The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE, Ovid, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Two reviewers will screen and select the titles and abstracts of the studies retrieved independently during the database searches and perform full-text reviews and extract available data. The main outcome measures include diagnostic accuracy, as defined by accuracy, recall, specificity, and precision. The descriptive forest plot and summary receiver operating characteristic curves will be used to represent the performance of diagnostic tests. Subgroup analysis will be performed for different algorithms aided diagnosis tests. The quality of study characteristics and methodology will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Data will be synthesized by RevMan 5.3 and Meta-disc 1.4 software.

Results:
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated in a relevant peer-reviewed journal and academic presentations.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, there have not been any systematic review or meta-analysis relating to diagnosis performance of artificial intelligence in identifying the genetic diseases with face phenotypes. The findings would provide evidence to formulate a comprehensive understanding of applications using artificial intelligence in identifying the genetic diseases with face phenotypes and add considerable value in the future of precision medicine.

OSF Registration:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/P9KUH.
Simultaneous coronary thrombosis with multisite myocardial infarction and complex malignant arrhythmia
Authors: Wu Mu-li , Xu Duan-Min , Chen Chang , Chen Ye-qun , Sun Yi-Fan , Hu Chuang-jia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Acute myocardial infarction with simultaneous coronary thrombosis has been rarely reported. This combination induces various arrhythmias and is a high-risk factor for cardiogenic shock.

Patient concerns:
A 65-year-old man presented with sweating and a 3-h abrupt persistent back pain that radiated to the anterior.

Diagnosis:
Multisite myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis with and complex malignant arrhythmia

Interventions:
Prompt intervention includes cardiac pacing, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), thrombus aspiration and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Outcomes:
The patient was successfully rescued after PCI and thrombus aspiration.

Conclusions:
Recognition of dynamic electrocardiographic changes enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.
Predicting outcome of repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear with early osteoarthritis using bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Whi Wonseok , Park Jae-Young , Choi Hongyoon , Paeng Jin Chul , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kang Keon Wook , Lee Dong Soo , Han Hyuk-Soo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is considered as an effective early intervention strategy for osteoarthritis. We aimed at evaluating whether or not single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) could predict the treatment outcome.
Eleven patients with MMPRT who underwent preoperative SPECT/CT were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical symptoms were evaluated based on the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The uptake pattern of the medial tibial plateau (MTP) on SPECT/CT was visually assessed. Additionally, the maximum lesion-to-cortical counts ratio (LCRmax) for the anterior and posterior aspects of MTP and anterior-posterior MTP ratio (APR) were quantitatively assessed. Spearman correlation analyses were performed between the change in clinical symptom scores and preoperative SPECT/CT patterns.
All patients showed increased radiotracer uptake in MTP. Among them, 8 (73%) showed dominant uptake in the anterior aspect of MTP. The rest 3 (27%) showed posterior-dominant uptake. Patients with anterior-dominant patterns tended to show better outcomes in terms of the postoperative KOOS score (P = .07). Anterior MTP LCRmax showed a negative correlation with the change in VAS (ρ = −0.664, P < .03). APR showed a correlation with the change in the KOOS score (ρ = 0.655, P < .03).
Patients with MMPRT with relatively higher uptake in the anterior aspect of MTP could have better clinical outcomes after the repair. The preoperative SPECT/CT pattern may have a predictive value in selecting patients with good postoperative outcomes.