bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scalar Version of the Caflisch‐Luke Paradox
Authors: Gloria Antoine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsider an infinite cloud of hard spheres sedimenting in a Stokes flow in the whole space ℝd. Despite many contributions in fluid mechanics and applied mathematics, there is so far no rigorous definition of the associated effective sedimentation velocity. Calculations by Caflisch and Luke in dimension d = 3 suggest that the effective velocity is well‐defined for hard spheres distributed according to a weakly correlated and dilute point process, and that the variance of the sedimentation speed is infinite. This constitutes the Caflisch‐Luke paradox. In this contribution, we consider a scalar version of this problem that displays the same difficulties in terms of interaction between the differential operator and the randomness, but is simpler in terms of PDE analysis. For a class of hardcore point processes we rigorously prove that the effective velocity is well‐defined in dimensions d > 2 and that the variance is finite in dimensions d > 4, confirming the formal calculations by Caflisch and Luke, and opening a way to the systematic study of such problems . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Spin density polarization effects in the presence of Coriolis force on ion acoustic waves in quantum plasma
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Abdikian Alireza , Hasnain Haseeb 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIon acoustic solitary waves in a quantum plasma, which is slowly rotating around an axis at an angle θ with the direction of magnetic field, are investigated. Quantum hydrodynamic model is under consideration with the effects of rotations which are included via Coriolis force. Fermions are degenerate and have different spin density states, that is, up and down characterized via parameter α. Linear analysis is performed by applying Fourier transformation to derive dispersion relation. For nonlinear analysis, we apply reductive perturbation method to derive Korteweg de Vries equation (KdV). The effects of variations of Coriolis force, spin polarization, and quantum parameter on characteristics of solitary structure are discussed. These results are applicable to astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Knockdown of slit signaling during limb development leads to a reduction in humerus length
Authors: Rafipay Alexandra , Dun Xin‐Peng , Parkinson David B , Erskine Lynda , Vargesson Neil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSlits (1–3) and their Robo (1–3) receptors play multiple non‐neuronal roles in development, including in development of muscle, heart and mammary gland. Previous work has demonstrated expression of Slit and Robo family members during limb development, where their functions are unclear.ResultsIn situ hybridisation confirmed strong expression of Slit2, Slit3, Robo1, and Robo2 throughout mouse limb and joint development. No expression of Slit1 or Robo3 was detected. Analysis of Slit1/2 or Slit3 knockout mice revealed normal limb development. In contrast, locally blocking Slit signaling though grafting of cells expressing a dominant‐negative Robo2 construct in the proximo‐central region of developing chicken limb buds caused significant shortening of the humerus.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate an essential role for Slit/Robo signaling in regulating bone length during chicken limb development.
Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: A source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor
Authors: Aurori Cristian M. , Giurgiu Alexandru‐Ioan , Conlon Benjamin H. , Kastally Chedly , Dezmirean Daniel S. , Routtu Jarkko , Aurori Adriana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe parasitic mite Varroa destructor devastates honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies around the world. Entering a brood cell shortly before capping, the Varroa mother feeds on the honey bee larvae. The hormones 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH), acquired from the host, have been considered to play a key role in initiating Varroa's reproductive cycle. This study focuses on differential expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of JH and ecdysone at six time points during the first 30 hr after cell capping in both drone and worker larvae of A. mellifera. This time frame, covering the conclusion of the honey bee brood cell invasion and the start of Varroa's ovogenesis, is critical to the successful initiation of a reproductive cycle. Our findings support a later activation of the ecdysteroid cascade in honey bee drones compared to worker larvae, which could account for the increased egg production of Varroa in A. mellifera drone cells. The JH pathway was generally downregulated confirming its activity is antagonistic to the ecdysteroid pathway during the larva development. Nevertheless, the genes involved in JH synthesis revealed an increased expression in drones. The upregulation of jhamt gene involved in methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis came into attention since the MF is not only a precursor of JH but it is also an insect pheromone in its own right as well as JH‐like hormone in Acari. This could indicate a possible kairomone effect of MF for attracting the mites into the drone brood cells, along with its potential involvement in ovogenesis after the cell capping, stimulating Varroa's initiation of egg laying.
Making environmental DNA (eDNA) biodiversity records globally accessible
Authors: Berry Oliver , Jarman Simon , Bissett Andrew , Hope Michael , Paeper Corinna , Bessey Cindy , Schwartz Michael K. , Hale Josh , Bunce Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, where specific DNA markers (barcodes) are purified from the environment, sequenced, and used to identify organisms, is revolutionizing biodiversity science. Researchers, industry, and governments are increasingly incorporating eDNA surveys into their toolkits for biomonitoring because of their high accuracy, taxonomically holistic lens, and ease of deployment. Yet, the full value of this rich and revolutionary technique is not being realized because eDNA data are rarely maintained in consistent formats or on open platforms that facilitate easy re‐use or integration with other data layers. Here, we discuss opportunities to improve the accessibility and “FAIRness” of eDNA records with the aim to maximize the value of this remarkable source of information on environmental state and change.
Magnetic Exchange through the Dianionic Hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) Ligand in {HATNA(FeIICl2)3}2− Containing FeII (S=2) Triangles
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Mikhailenko Maxim V. , Batov Mikhail S. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, a new method for the preparation of anionic hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) coordination complexes was developed. The reduced HATNA coordinated three FeIICl2 units for the formation of (CV+)2{HATNA(FeIICl2)3}2− ⋅ 3.5 C6H4Cl2 (1) (CV+ is a cationic form of crystal violet). The FeII atoms had a high S=2 spin state and were arranged in nearly equilateral triangles at a distance of approximately 7 Å. The χMT value of 1 was 9.70 emu⋅K/mol at 300 K, exceeding the calculated spin‐only value of three independent high‐spin FeII centers (S=2) (9.00 emu⋅K/mol). A strong antiferromagnetic exchange was observed between FeII atoms through the diamagnetic HATNA units since Weiss temperature is −98 K. Magnetic behavior of 1 was modelled by PHI package obtaining the exchange interaction constant J=−4.6 cm−1 and zero‐field splitting parameter D=5.6 cm−1 at g=2.23. Arrangement of magnetic centers in the equilateral triangles supposes that some degree of spin frustration exists in 1. Crystal structures of two phases of pristine HATNA molecule are also reported.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothio(seleno)phenes and Indoles via Ag‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Demethylation of 2‐Alkynylthio(seleno)anisoles and 2‐Alkynyldimethylanilines
Authors: Cai Tao , Feng Chengjie , Shen Fangqi , Bian Kejun , Wu Chunlei , Shen Runpu , Gao Yuzhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn Ag‐catalyzed cyclization/demethylation of 2‐alkynylthio(seleno)anisoles and 2‐alkynyldimethylanilines is described and applied for the construction of valuable benzothio(seleno)phenes as well as indoles. Various 2‐substituted benzothio(seleno)phenes and indoles were obtained in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions with low catalyst loading. An application of this new method is also exemplified with a concise synthesis of a bioactive molecule precursor. Furthermore, a conceivable reaction mechanism is proposed with supports from isotope‐exchange experiments.
Diversity of the microbial community and antioxidant activity during fermentation of red raspberry Enzymes
Authors: Yao Di , Xu Lei , Wang Changyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe diversity and succession of microbial community and antioxidant activity present during the preparation of red raspberry Enzymes with and without starter cultures were investigated by high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes and correlation analysis of the microbial diversity and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the sample inoculated with mixed fermentation had higher antioxidant activity than the sample without inoculated fermentation. The antioxidant capacity of red raspberry Enzymes increased significantly as the fermentation time increased. Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the predominant phyla of bacteria and fungi in all samples. At the genus level, Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus were the predominating bacteria throughout the fermentation process. The genus Kodamaea dominated the fungal community of early‐fermentation samples with microbial inoculated fermentation. Candida spp. grew rapidly in the late stage of fermentation in the samples with spontaneous fermentation. Unweighted pair‐group and PCA analysis revealed that the microbiota structures differed between the two groups. RDA and CCA showed that Rhodococcus and Kodamaea had positive effects on the DPPH scavenging ability and other antioxidant indicators, and the total phenol content had a significant and positive correlation coefficient with Gluconobacter. The results indicated that the fermentation by microorganisms significantly improves the oxidation resistance and helps to improve the quality of the red raspberry Enzymes.
Anthropogenic soil and settlement organisation in the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Robinson Mark , Jaimes‐Betancourt Carla , Elliott Sarah , Maezumi S. Yoshi , Hilbert Lautaro , Alves Daiana , de Souza Jonas Gregorio , Iriarte José 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic soils known as Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) have long been known as a key component of subsistence systems for various pre‐Columbian Amazonian populations. Often treated as a single category, ADE systems consist of two broad anthrosols (human‐modified soils): the darker ADE (traditionally known as terra preta) and a lighter brown Amazonian Brown Earth (ABE; traditionally known as terra mulata). Data on the characteristics and spatial distribution of these anthrosols are severely lacking. Transects of soil test pits at the Triunfo and Versalles archaeological sites in the Iténez Forest, in the Bolivian Amazon, show variability in the distribution of soil types, revealing aspects of settlement organisation and resource management. Geochemical, isotopic and archaeobotanical data from an ADE, ABE and control soil profile from the Triunfo site, established ca. 500 cal BCE, characterise the two anthrosols as distinct components of a polyculture agroforestry subsistence system that combines anthropogenic soil fertilisation, closed‐canopy forest enrichment, limited forest clearance for crop cultivation and low‐severity fire management.
Cross‐Coupling of Allenamides and C‐Based Nucleophiles by Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Sieber Joshua D. , Klake Raphael K. , Agrawal Toolika , Ho Dang Binh , Gargaro Samantha L. , Collins Stephen , Edwards Mytia D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of C‐based nucleophiles using both chiral and achiral allenamides is described. High yields were obtained to provide synthetically valuable (E)‐enamide products in high E : Z‐selectivity while generating a quaternary carbon atom. Some potential stereocontrolled applications of the resultant (E)‐enamide functionality are described.
The impact of macro economy on the oil price volatility from the perspective of mixing frequency
Authors: Gong Xu , Wang Mingchao , Shao Liuguo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, GARCH‐MIDAS model is used to study the influence of macro economy, including the levels and volatilities of macroeconomic variables, on the price fluctuations of crude oil market during the period from 1990 to 2018. The results indicate that, for the levels of macroeconomic variables, economic growth, inflation and total export–import volume have significant negative impacts on oil fluctuations. However, exchange rate has a significant positive impact on oil volatility. And short‐run interest rate does not have a significant effect on oil price volatility in most cases. In addition, the responses of oil price volatility to all five macroeconomic fluctuations are significant. More interestingly, the volatilities of economic growth and total import and export reduce oil price fluctuations during the pre‐2004 period, but they increase oil price fluctuations during the post‐2004 period.
Chitin from seafood waste: particle swarm optimization and neural network study for the improved chitinase production
Authors: Suryawanshi Nisha , Eswari J Satya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current system in the processing of seafood leads to accumulation of many waste products, such as shells, tails, heads and bones. This seafood waste can be exploited for the extraction of chitin, with numerous applications in different fields. Seafood waste treatment can produce some valuable products. For the valorization of chitin, its degradation is an important step that can be achieved using the chitinase enzyme. Interestingly, chitin can also be used as a significant substrate for chitinase production. In this study, chitinase activity was enhanced by optimizing the fermentation medium, and chitin was used as the substrate. The polynomial model obtained by central composite design was employed in a particle swarm optimization algorithm and artificial neural network to optimize the final optimal concentration factors. The optimization results were compared for the better activity of chitinase. From the authors' best knowledge, the optimization of fermentation medium for chitinase production by particle swarm optimization was performed for the first time.RESULTSThe highest activity optimized by particle swarm optimization and artificial neural network/ Bayesian regularization algorithm) was 115.8 and 124.78 U L–1, respectively, with the optimized variables.CONCLUSIONThis study concluded that particle swarm optimization and artificial neural network are the best optimization methods for medium optimization. Among the multilayer feed‐forward algorithms in the artificial neural network, the Bayesian regularization algorithm was useful in optimizing medium components. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambarisB3 induces rice resistance to RSRD caused by Fusarium proliferatum and promotes plant growth
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Tang Meng‐Jun , Yang Yang , Sun Kai , Tian Lin‐Shuang , Lu Fan , Hao Ai‐Yue , Dai Chuan‐Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is an emerging disease that significantly reduces rice yield and quality. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of the broad‐spectrum endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris B3 as a biocontrol agent against RSRD. We also compared the control effects of different treatments, including chemical fungicides and treatment with multiple strains and single strains in combination or individually, against RSRD. The objective of this study was to find an effective and environmentally friendly control strategy to reduce the occurrence of RSRD and improve the rice yield.RESULTSIn pot experiments, the effect of B3 alone was better than that of fungicide or combined measures. The results showed that root colonization by B3 significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of RSRD by 41.0% and 53.8%, respectively. This was related to enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and to significantly upregulated expression levels of OsAOX, OsLOX, OsPAL, and OsPR10 in rice. Moreover, B3 improved the diversity of the bacterial community rather than the fungal community in the rice rhizosphere. It also led to a decrease in Fusarium proliferatum colonization and fumonisin content in the grain. Finally, root development was markedly promoted after B3 inoculation, and the yield improved by 48.60%. The result of field experiments showed that the incidence of RSRD and the fumonisin content were observably reduced in rice receiving B3, by 24.41% and 37.87%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris B3 may become an effective tool to relieve rice spikelet rot disease. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel method of fluorescent imaging can guide hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with intrahepatic biliary obstruction
Authors: Yang Jian , Tao Hai‐Su , Luo Wang , Chen Rui , Lin Jin‐Yu , Zhu Wen , Wen Sai , Fang Chi‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present a novel bile‐duct obstructed area imaging (BOAI) and to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of this method in guiding hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with intrahepatic biliary obstruction.MethodsFrom May 2017 to October 2019, eligible patients who underwent hepatectomy guided by BOAI were enrolled. Perioperative outcomes and operative data were analyzed. To assess the feasibility of BOAI and Glissonean pedicle approach, demarcations based on them were compared. To verify the accuracy of BOAI staining of the target territory, simple linear regression analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to examine the relationship between predicted resected liver volume (PRLV) and actual resected liver volume (ARLV).ResultsBOAI staining achieved valid demarcation in 15 (93.8%) of 16 patients, whereas the ischemic line achieved valid demarcation in only nine patients (57.3%; p = .017). ARLV and PRLV had a strong positive correlation (PRLV = 60.06 + 0.925 × ARLV; R = .945; p = .000). Meanwhile, ARLV (intraclass correlation coefficient = .971) achieved an excellent agreement with PRLV (p < .001).ConclusionsThe novel BOAI staining method can provide valid, feasible, and accurate demarcation line and may be an effective method in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Canada Goose Survival and Recovery Rates in Urban and Rural Areas of Iowa, USA
Authors: Luukkonen Benjamin Z. , Jones Orrin E. , Klaver Robert W. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTOnce extirpated from much of their North American range, temperate‐breeding Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) have reached high abundance. As a result, focus has shifted from restoration to managing harvest and addressing human‐goose conflict. Conflict persists or is increasing in urban areas throughout the Mississippi Flyway. Managers need more information regarding demographic rates to determine how hunting affects geese breeding in urban areas and what management actions may be required to achieve management goals. We estimated survival, dead recovery, live recapture, and fidelity probabilities using data from 77,872 Canada geese banded in Iowa, USA, during 1999–2019 using Burnham joint live‐dead band recovery models. Factors predicted to affect parameters in candidate models included age (juvenile, subadult, adult), banding site (urban, rural), time, trend, harvest regulation index, and winter severity index. We predicted Canada geese banded in urban areas would have higher survival and lower dead recovery rates than geese banded at rural sites. The top model indicated support for age and banding site effects, and trends in survival and recovery rate (Brownie parameterization). Adult survival was similar for urban (0.75; range = 0.60–0.92) and rural (0.75; range = 0.66–0.82) geese and relatively constant across years. Mean juvenile survival was lower in urban (0.74; range = 0.48–0.93) than rural (0.85; range = 0.68–0.92) areas. Survival increased for urban‐banded juveniles and recovery rates increased during liberalization of harvest regulations and decreased after regulations stabilized. Recovery rates of subadults increased for the urban and rural groups. Our results suggest Canada geese breeding in urban areas contribute to harvest and specialized regulations can affect these populations. Harvest regulations in place during our analysis may not have reached a threshold required to observe substantial changes in survival. Current human‐goose conflict in urban areas suggests survival has not decreased to a level required to completely address conflict via reduction in goose abundance. Managers may consider additional liberalization of harvest regulations and monitoring via banding to determine to what degree hunter harvest contributes to reducing human‐goose conflict and what additional management actions will be required to achieve goals. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Influence of accidental over‐polarisation on the mechanical properties of cathodically protected pre‐tensioned tendons
Authors: O'Flaherty Fin , Elomari Ibrahim R. , Lambert Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of pre‐tensioned tendons deliberately exposed to higher than normal impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) to replicate accidental over‐polarisation. Plain ungalvanised tendons, 5.4 mm Ø, were pre‐stressed in moulds and cast in mortar. Two levels of pre‐tensioning were investigated, low (~30% ultimate tensile strength [UTS]) and high level (~80% UTS). Three different degrees of corrosion with target losses of cross‐sectional area of 0%–1%, 2%–4% and 4%–7%, respectively, were employed to replicate in situ conditions. ICCP was applied to the tendons at two levels of polarisation, normal protection (ICCP‐N) in the range of −650 to −750 mV and overprotection (ICCP‐O) ranging between −850 and −1300 mV, both versus Ag/AgCI/0.5‐M KCI for an extended period. After ICCP, the tendons were removed from the mortar and slow strain tensile tests were conducted. The results show that ICCP at both normal and overprotection had no significant influence on the elastic modulus, yield, 0.2% proof stress and ultimate strength of the tested tendons. Although ductility was reduced, fracture occurred after reaching the ultimate strength.