bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening of RC Circular Short Columns with Fibrous Jacket
Authors: Mhuder Wathiq Jassim , Chassib Samir M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research presented a wide study about the structural behavior and strength of RC circular short columns when strengthened with concrete jackets strengthened with steel fiber. A total of 17 circular columns were designed, fabricated, and tested experimentally under monotonic load. An experimental investigation was carried out to assess the efficiency of the fibrous jacket in the retrofitting of RC column. The parametric study was conducted which included using four columns as control specimens with different cross-section dimensions. The remaining 13 column specimens included strengthening the column by different parameters such as steel fibers ratio and type, jacket thickness, bond by epoxy, and full and limited jacket height. The ultimate stress and strain, crack pattern, failure modes, ductility, and toughness capacity of the specimens were studied. The experimental outcomes exhibited that the fibrous jacket enhanced the ultimate strength capacity, ductility, and changed the failure mode of columns. The increase in the steel fibers ratio (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) enhanced the ultimate load capacity by (194%, 71%, and 126%) respectively. Strengthened columns by FRC jacket with thicknesses (25, 35, and 45) showed enhancement in the stress carrying capacity by (126%, 242%, and 171%) respectively. Using epoxy appeared a different behavior in comparison with square columns. The use of epoxy showed lower stress capacity by (21% and 24%) for (1% and 2%) hooked steel fibers ratio respectively. Use of hoop jacket case enhanced the ultimate stress capacity better than composite case. straight fibers were better than hooked ones in the improvement of ductility and energy absorption.
Determination of Pedestrian Level of Service on Sidewalks in Samawah City
Authors: Al-Mukaram Noorance , Musa Sarah Safaaldeen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on assessing pedestrian walking characteristics on sidewalks. The fundamental relationships of flow – speed – density were investigated and analysed in Samawah city. The video recording method was implemented to observe pedestrian characteristics such as flow and speed at four survey sites. These data were used to develop mathematical models that figure the aforementioned relationships. To obtain the best fitting of each relationship, the coefficient of determination R2 was calculated. The results of this study were compared with the other research outputs. Finally, the level of service boundaries for pedestrians’ movements on sidewalks were defined.
Improvements of some roundabout Intersections using capacity model Analysis
Authors: Yagoop Nawras Khdauer , Ahmad Nahla.Yassub. , Abbood Abdul Kareem Naji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several methods of analysis have been proposed to analyze the ability of vehicles to rotate and manoeuvre during roundabout intersections. Some models have been using formulas and calculations for extracting the results manually, while other models have been used to use the engineering software for the model. Given these differences, it may not be clear how best to use them in a particular situation. When comparing methods of capacity analysis, it will be useful to know how the various techniques are performed across a set of approaches Conflicting volumes. This paper reports on the ability of techniques to rotate multiple pathways based on maximum entry and exit traffic volumes using several methods of analysis. The research study the capacity model for some roundabout intersections in Hilla city, they are, (Al- Mohafada, Al-Saia and, Sahat Abn-Idreas). The capacity equations have been examined using some of the software programs, Highway Capacity HSC 2010, (Signalized Intersection Design and Research Aid) SIDRA, (macroscopic analysis and optimization software application). Synchro 10, to reach the best solutions to describe traffic capacity for each intersection within the study area. Data have been collected according to field survey include traffic volume for different types of vehicles and pedestrians, within antemeridian & post-meridiem (a.m&p.m ) Peak Hour Volume (PHV), Number of lanes, lane width, median width, shoulder width and pedestrians crossing included too, using video technique method. Comparing the capacity for each approach and intersections using the above software programs on the bases of several variables: V/c, delay time, LOS and queue length. It was concluded that all intersections appear with the level of service LOS (E–F) according to (V/c)>1 and increase the delay time. Also, LOS improved from (F to C) when adding one lane for each approach for Al-Mohafada roundabout intersection according to output SIDRA software, as well as it was found that SIDRA software program gives significant results on a capacity model due to take into account the geometric characteristics of the intersections and pedestrian movements and crossing. Likewise, the Syncro program creates simulations of the roundabout with the traffic volumes entering the roundabout intersection, through which it identifies the conflicting points inside the circular intersection and shows the delay in each approach and also shows the queue for each approach.
Analytical Study on Effect of Bar Size on Pull-out force for Reinforcing Bar Embedded in Concrete Blocks
Authors: khalaf Raad D. , Mohammed Abbas H. , Mohammedali Taha K. , Sammen Saad Sh. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The most commonly used test method for measuring the bond strength between reinforcing bars and concrete is the pull-out test of pulling a reinforcing bar out of a concrete block. During serviceability and durability design the bond of reinforcing bars is important in crack control. This paper presents numerical model for studying the size effect on pull-out force. This research considers three bar size diameter, which is 10, 12 and 16 mm bar diameter. The finite element ANSYS software was used for the numerical analysis. The specimens are analyzed until the specimens failure were occurred. The analytical results indicate that the pull-out force increase with increasing bar diameter. The pullout force for specimens S12 and S16 are increase (7% and 35%) compared with specimen S10 respectively.
Fresnel lens solar concentrator to utilize the Extreme solar Intensity in solar still receivers
Authors: Obaid Ahmed H. , Sahlania Assaad Al , Eidan Adel A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work presents an experimental study of solar distillation using a solar still receivers with a Fresnel lens concentrate. Two models of a cylindrical glass solar still (10 cm and 20 cm height) are used. The solar stills were placed in the focus of the lens to investigate the productivity of different models. The Fresnel lens concentrator is controlled to track the solar light and maintain the focal stationery. The results showed that the largest productivity for the solar still is (0.5 L/6hour) when the average solar radiation is 1280 W/m2 and (0.5 L/6hour) when the average solar radiation is 1165 W/m2 for (10cm and 20cm) solar still height respectively. The result showed that the productivity of the freshwater increased as the solar radiation increased. On the other hand, the productivity effect of the height of the solar still and other variables is less than effect amount of solar radiation. Also, the results showed that Fresnel lens concentrator can be efficiently used to provide fresh water during wintertime under Iraqi weather
EFFECT OF MgO POWDER ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYOLEFIN FIBER REINFORCED CONCRT
Authors: kadhum Israa , Khalil Yasir , Mustafa Hamza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Expansive additives are widely used to compensate the drying shrinkage of cement-based materials to avoid cracking. However, the expansion of conventional expansive additive depends strongly on wet curing and is mainly generated at early age, and hence it may not work well in concretes without sufficient water supply or exhibit long-term shrinkage. MgO-based expansive additive, for which less water is needed for the formation of Mg(OH)2 in comparison to other expansive additives.For the purpose this paper proposed a new kind of cement concrete overlay material comprised of polyolefin fiber and MgO powder. An experimental test procedure including density, compressive strength and flexural strength in this article was investigated. The results showed improvement of all the properties of the concrete mixes. Obvious compound effect of polyolefin fiber and MgO powder on concrete properties was noticed.
The Effect of Using LPG in a SI engine instead of using Gasoline fuel
Authors: Mohammed Mortadha. K. , Balla Hyder H. , Al-Dulaimi Zaid Maan H. , Al-Zuhairy Mudhaffar S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fossil fuels used in internal combustion engines are among the largest contributors to environmental degradation, and this fuel has a high economic cost, so the need to use alternative fuels with less environmental impact and less cost-effective cost. Therefore, researchers resorted to using different kinds of alternative fuels, including liquefied petroleum gas. This study provides a practical study comparing the use of LPG and gasoline in terms of performance and emissions from the four-stroke spark ignition, single cylinder, air cooled with a constant pressure ratio and variable-speed 1500–2500 rpm. A difference in volume efficiency, the brake thermal efficiency, fuel consumption and emissions of gases (HC, NOx, CO2, CO) has been measured that results have shown improved fuel consumption and thermal efficiency when using LPG fuel compared to pure gasoline. In contrast, the volume efficiency showed negative results when using LPG. the results also showed an improvement in LPG emissions in HC, NOx, CO2, CO with the use of LPG.
Enhancement Thermal Conductivity of PCM in Thermal Energy storage
Authors: Shyaa Aseel K. , Abdulla Fadhel abbas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation of different thermal energy storage materials in the solar collector is studied in this paper. Both, sensible energy storage materials and latent heat storage materials (PCMs) are used to enhance the storage system of thermal energy. The size of the tested solar collector 2 m*0.8m*0.15 collector length, width, height. Experimental results obtained from the proposed model indicate that the solar collector model, having a composite of paraffin wax with 5% aluminum powder can continuous operation, and the maximum air temperature difference (ΔT) between air enter to collector and exit from the collector if the ambient of 24.7 °C, the effect on the efficiency of the collector
Effect of Shot Penning on Wear rate of Eggshell natural composite Materials
Authors: Abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Abdullah Ahmed Hadi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of shot penning on wear rate of natural materials was investigated experimentally. Egg shell - polyester was used in this experiment using (30% and 55%) weight fraction. The samples were affected on shot penning for two different times (2 min and 6 min) with variation of solidification times (six, four and two days). The wear rate and mechanical properties of natural composite samples (with and without shot penning) were found. The hardness tester for natural composite samples was done. The resultant shows that, the increasing weight fraction causes increasing of solidification of natural composite materials. The egg shell-polyester (55%) weight fraction samples have mechanical properties and reduction wear rate better than egg shell – polyester (30%) weight fraction samples. The increasing time of shot penning causes reduction in wear rate. The egg shell (55%) weight fraction natural composite material has good resistance to wear rate under shot penning. The suitable shot peening time for fiber egg shell natural composite materials is equal or less than 6 min.
THE EFFECT OF ASPECT RATIO OF ELLIPTICAL COOLING HOLES ON THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS TURBINE BLADE
Authors: Luabi Akram , Hamza Naseer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In advanced gas turbine, the improvement of the thermal efficiency and power output is required. Among these improvements, which still getting attention considerably, increasing turbine inlet temperature that may exceed the melting point of the blade material and to avoid that internal blade cooling technique is incorporated. The common traditional cross-sectional area of the cooling channels is circular. In this paper, a modification regarding the shape of cooling hole is suggested to enhance the heat transfer between the coolant in cooling serpentine and hot gases from the combustion chamber and thus minimizing the severe temperature usually occurs in the gas turbine blade especially at first row of the rotor. The proposed shape is elliptical and to discuss different scenarios of cooling schemes, the aspect ratio of ellipse axes and the distribution of whole holes are also analyzed to figure out the best results in terms of temperature distribution, heat transferred and cooling effectiveness of each model. The three new models consist of cooling holes of (5, 6 and 7) located at the center of the curvature line of blade. Results were compared with those obtained using the model of the GE company (model-1) which is already installed in (AL-DIWANIAH GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT). It were analyzed on the basis of real data, such as geometry profile, total cooling area, and boundary conditions. Results have been discussed and it is found that model-4 is the optimum solution, because of maximum total heat transfer rate and reduction in the blade trailing edge temperature about 24% are attained in this model compared to model-1, and it is found increase number of cooling holes in the blade leads to lowers the blade trailing edge temperature, this depends on the design location of this holes on the blade surface. Meanwhile, the optimum ratio of the model-4 in the reduction of maximum temperature is (a / b = 2) by the dimensions of (a = 2 & b = 1). Steady state thermal analysis is carried out using CFD, Inconel 718 alloy selection as material and air is used as a coolant as the real condition of.
Flat solar air heater collector with phase change materials for domestic purposes in Iraqi climate
Authors: Mahmoud Bashar K , Ibrahim Sulafa I , Abass Khaleel I , Ali Ali J , Chaichan Miqdam T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, a solar air heater was built and flat in shape, one with a black plate to gain heat and the other was placed by a tank under this plate containing paraffin wax to increase thermal storage. Energy and exergy for air heater were also analyzed. The performance of heat air heaters was analyzed by measuring various variables such as the intensity of solar radiation, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the air inside and out of the heater, and thermal efficiency. The maximum thermal efficiency of solar heater with PCM is 16.3% compared to normal heater which was 12.4%. The addition of paraffin wax to the air heater caused an increase in the duration of air heating. The maximum exergy effectiveness of a flat solar air heater collector with heat storage materials (PCM) is 0.7%.
Improvement and Assessment of Bab Al-Hussein signalized intersection in Hilla city
Authors: Wali Athraa Falih , Ahmed AbdulRudha Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Increasing traffic loads at intersections is among the major issues causing traffic difficulties and then leads to traffic jams in the following infrastructures, such as the highways and their crossings are the reflection of civilization across every country. And the scale of the progress throughout the highway quality, number and the traffic facilities in the intersection. The stated objectives of this research are to improve and assess the traffic efficiency of the signalized intersection at Bab Al-Hussein in Hilla City, which matches the current situation and spatial characteristics of the intersection. Traffic volume data have been collected for each approach and every movement (Through, Left, Right and U-turn) within peak hour volume in the (a.m. and p.m.) period for the intersection. Traffic volume classification was according to vehicle’s type which they are moving to throw the intersections (passenger car, heavy vehicle, motorcycle) In addition to the volume of the pedestrians. Data were collected by using the technique of video recording method then represent in tables and figures. The program SYNCHRO 8 has been utilized to analyze and assess the intersection and to select the optimum alternative. The assessment process results in application of the intersection with service standard (LOS F). Because of recommendations for various solutions, varying from signal optimisation to geometrical enhancements. The study conducted that, when add one lane in each approaches and minimizing the cycle length to (75) sec, thus the service level will be increase from (F to C) LOS. This result is an economical and acceptable solution to increase intersection performance. It was recommended that U-turn be prevented because it causes traffic delays, and thus the lost time increases. From it the traffic volume increases at the intersection also, preventing heavy vehicles from crossing at peak times and allocating a time from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am with the allocation of a special road to cross them, because it obstructs traffic and the risk of their presence in a busy intersection.
MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF( Ni-PAL2O3) ELECTROLESS COATING OF LOW ALLOY STEEL (AISI 4140)
Authors: Jalil Ihsan Y. , AbidAli Abdulraheem K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn This paper investing micro hardness, surface roughness measurements of electro less composite of coatings (Ni-P-AL2O3). deposited in electro less immersion on low alloy steel. All Specimens (20 mm diameter × 10 mm height) were used as the substrates for low alloy steel (AISI 4041). were grinded and polished as ASTM by emery paper (tungsten oxide paper) no (400–2500). then samples were washed by distilled water and ethanol and dried by using an electrical dryer. Polishing was conducted by diamond paste, specimens were immersed in acetone for (60 min). Before coating, specimens were immersed in solution including materials (30 g/L NaOH, 60 g/L NaCO3 and 60 g/L NaPbo4) for two-minute period at( 75°C) temperature moving the electrolyte using magnetic stirring by supply power (3 volts) to remove oil and any dust from metal surface. After that, the specimens were washed with distilled water, and Placed in sulfuric acid solution (20%) for (10 sec).after that it directed immersion in coating solution. The electro less (Ni-P-AL2O3) coatings were prepared by using nickel chloride as a source of nickel in alkaline baths, using (alpha alumina).The formulas were characterized by means of measurements of micro hardness, surface roughness. Our the results revealed that the heat-treated sample (Ni-P-AL2O3) showed higher hardness (2061HV). Increasing in the concentration was noted of (AL2O3) induced as-coated(Ni-P) conversion structure from amorphous to crystalline. The composite coating (Ni-P-AL2O3) is better compared to the Ni-P coating, and they get even better with heat treatment increased. The addition of (AL2O3) makes the coating denser and the grain size to decrease according to the formulae being heat treated.
Fatigue Characterization for Composite Materials used in Artificial Socket Prostheses with the Adding of Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Waily Muhannad , Tolephih Moneer H. , Jweeg Muhsin J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The prostheses sockets use normally composite materials which means that their applications may be related with the human body. Therefore, it was very necessary to improve the mechanical properties of these materials. The prosthetic sockets are subjected to varying stresses in gait cycle scenario which may cause a fatigue damage. Therefore, it is necessary or this work to modify the fatigue behavior of the materials used for manufacturing the prostheses sockets. In this work, different Nano particle materials are used to modify the mechanical properties of the composite materials, and increase the fatigue strength. By using an experimental technique, the effect of using different volume fractions for various types for Nano particle materials on the fatigue behavior for composite materials, and preparing the fatigue samples and tested using the fatigue apparatus. The Nano particles used were (Nano SiO2 and Nano Al2O3) materials with volume fraction as (0% to 2%), for each type of Nano material used. The artificial neural network technique was adopted to have a verification for the experimental results and calculating the fatigue life and strength for composite materials, with the addition of nanoparticles and then, a comparison of the results was achieved. The comparison of the results indicate a maximum error between results calculated by two technique did not exceeded about (1%). Then, the results calculated showed that the mechanical properties and fatigue life and strength increase with reinforcement with Nano particle. Also, the results showed that the modified for fatigue limits with materials by (Nano SiO2) Nano particle was more than the modified for fatigue limits for materials reinforcement with other materials. Finally, it can be concluded that the modified for fatigue strength, by reinforcement with (Nano SiO2), leads to 60% more than fatigue limit without Nano additive.
A Comparative Study of (Al2O3/CuO/Fe3O4) Nanoparticles on the Cementition Brick Properties
Authors: Rawdhan Rasha R. , Al-Jelawy Hayder 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present study, different nanoparticles were used to improve the Cementation Brick properties, such as Nano Alumina (NA), Nano Ferrite (NF) and Nano Copper (NC). The weight of cement was partially replaced by those nanoparticles. All types of nanoparticles were added in four ratios (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt%). Three types of those nanoparticles were utilized as mixtures, first mix of NA, second mix of NF and mix of NC brick. Experimental studies were conducted to identify the optimum ratio of the mixture. The results show that 2 wt% of Nano Copper is the most relevant ratio that can improve the targeted properties. In addition, the best ratios of Nano Alumina and Nano Ferrite were observed to be 1.5 wt%. Overall, the bricks with added nanoparticles showed a better reinforcement than the bricks without adding nanoparticles. The concrete testing equipment was used to determine the bearing strength of the bricks in three different curing ages 7, 28 and 90 days. It was revealed that the bricks that contain NA particles show a better performance of strength against the compression of the tester than NC and NF particles in all ages. The ratio of 2 wt% resulted as the best ratio to decrease the water absorption of the bricks. Also, the bulk density was higher when 2 wt% ratio was used. Thus, the physical properties were significantly improved when using the nanoparticles.
Vehicle Speed Reduction Based on Authorized Speed Limits
Authors: Athab Ali Fadhal , Daghal Asaad. S , Abas Saif Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Keeping vehicle speed under control according to the speed limit is considered the main key to the traffic departments in the world to reduce vehicle accidents. This paper presents a prototype of a novel idea to control vehicle speed automatically according to the types of roads that the vehicle passes through without human intervention. The Micro-controller unit is interfaced with the RF receiver at the prototype, also with the RF’s transmitters deployed along the hypothetical pathway. The results show a valuable response for controlling a vehicle’s speed according to the speed limit of different types of roads.