bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to rank by using multivariate adaptive regression splines and conic multivariate adaptive regression splines
Authors: Altinok Gulsah , Karagoz Pinar , Batmaz Inci 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLearning to rankis a supervised learning problem that aims to construct a ranking model for the given data. The most common application of learning to rank is to rank a set of documents against a query. In this work, we focus onpoint‐wise learning to rank, where the model learns the ranking values. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and conic multivariate adaptive regression splines (CMARS) are supervised learning techniques that have been proven to provide successful results on various prediction problems. In this article, we investigate the effectiveness of MARS and CMARS for point‐wise learning to rank problem. The prediction performance is analyzed in comparison to three well‐known supervised learning methods, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine, and random forest for two datasets under a variety of metrics including accuracy, stability, and robustness. The experimental results show that MARS and ANN are effective methods for learning to rank problem and provide promising results.
Clinical predictors of COVID‐19 disease progression and death: Analysis of 214 hospitalised patients from Wuhan, China
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Zilong , Jiang Weipeng , Wang Jian , Zhu Mengchan , Song Juan , Wang Xiaoyue , Su Ying , Xiang Guiling , Ye Maosong , Li Jiamin , Zhang Yong , Shen Qinjun , Li Zhuozhe , Yao Danwei , Song Yuanlin , Yu Kaihuan , Luo Zhe , Ye Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 has spread rapidly worldwide and has been declared a pandemic.ObjectivesTo delineate clinical features of COVID‐19 patients with different severities and prognoses and clarify the risk factors for disease progression and death at an early stage.MethodsMedical history, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome data from 214 hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to Eastern Campus of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University in China were collected from 30 January 2020 to 20 February 2020, and risk factors associated with clinical deterioration and death were analysed. The final date of follow‐up was 21 March 2020.ResultsAge, comorbidities, higher neutrophil cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts and subsets, impairment of liver, renal, heart, coagulation systems, systematic inflammation and clinical scores at admission were significantly associated with disease severity. Ten (16.1%) moderate and 45 (47.9%) severe patients experienced deterioration after admission, and median time from illness onset to clinical deterioration was 14.7 (IQR 11.3‐18.5) and 14.5 days (IQR 11.8‐20.0), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed increased Hazards Ratio of disease progression associated with older age, lymphocyte count <1.1 × 10⁹/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)> 9.5 mmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250 U/L and procalcitonin >0.1 ng/mL at admission. These factors were also associated with the risk of death except for BUN. Prediction models in terms of nomogram for clinical deterioration and death were established to illustrate the probability.ConclusionsThese findings provide insights for early detection and management of patients at risk of disease progression or even death, especially older patients and those with comorbidities.
Cytological diagnosis of osteosarcoma with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Bharani Vani , Kumar Rajesh , Kakkar Nandita , Dey Pranab , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionFine needle aspiration is a well‐established technique for evaluating primary and secondary bony lesions. With use in selected cases, it achieves a diagnostic yield comparable to biopsies.MethodsCases of osteosarcoma (OS) with available histological follow‐up were retrieved over a 10‐year period. Detailed morphological evaluation was done, with special emphasis on pitfalls in the diagnosis of OS on cytology and the various variants of OS.ResultsOf the 41 cases with available follow‐up histology, 56% were correctly diagnosed as OS on cytology. The most common false‐negative cytological diagnosis of OS, in 17% cases, was giant cell tumour. The possible explanations for this included low cellularity, minimal atypia, absence of typical osteoid, misinterpretation of metachromatic osteoid material as fibro‐collagenous material and non‐availability of radiology at time of aspiration.ConclusionA triple‐phase evaluation including clinical evaluation, appropriate radiological correlation and cytology/histopathology, is important to clinch an accurate diagnosis.
Trends in the psychosocial characteristics of 11–15‐year‐olds who still drink, smoke, take drugs and engage in poly‐substance use in England
Authors: Oldham Melissa , Livingston Michael , Whitaker Victoria , Callinan Sarah , Fairbrother Hannah , Curtis Penny , Meier Petra , Holmes John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsYouth substance use is declining in many high‐income countries. As adolescent substance use becomes less common, it may concentrate in higher‐risk groups. This paper aims to examine how the psychosocial characteristics of young substance users in England have changed over time.Design and MethodsAnnual cross‐sectional data from the 2001–2014 Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Young People in England survey are analysed (n = 112 792, age: 11–15). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses are used to test whether the sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and prevalence of truancy and exclusion from school of those who drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, take cannabis, take other drugs and engage in poly‐substance use changed across the study period.ResultsUse of all substances decreased and there were shifts in the psychosocial characteristics of young smokers, illicit drug users and poly‐substance users. The proportion of current smokers and ever‐users of cannabis of low SES and who had been excluded increased significantly between 2001/2003–2014. The proportion of last month drug users who had been excluded from school also increased significantly and there were increases in the proportion of polysubstance‐users who had truanted and been excluded. The proportion of low SES alcohol users who had been excluded also increased significantly, but this change was very small. There was no evidence of substance use becoming more or less concentrated in one gender.Discussion and ConclusionsThere is some evidence that smoking, illicit drug use and poly‐substance use are becoming more concentrated in potentially at risk populations. There is limited evidence of concentration amongst young drinkers.
Parental hostility predicts reduced cortical thickness in males
Authors: Chad‐Friedman Emma , Botdorf Morgan , Riggins Tracy , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough impacts of negative parenting on children's brain development are well‐documented, little is known about how these associations may differ for males and females in childhood. We examined interactions between child sex and early and concurrent parental hostility on children's cortical thickness and surface area. Participants included 63 children (50.8% female) assessed during early childhood (Wave 1: M age = 4.23 years, SD = 0.84) and again three years later (Wave 2: M age = 7.19 years, SD = 0.89) using an observational parent–child interaction task. At Wave 2, children completed a structural MRI scan. Analyses focused on regions of interest. After correcting for multiple comparisons, Wave 1 parental hostility predicted males' reduced thickness in middle frontal and fusiform cortices, and Wave 2 parental hostility was concurrently associated with males' reduced thickness in the middle frontal cortex. Interactions between sex and parenting on children's surface area did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons. Our findings provide support for a male‐specific neural vulnerability of hostile parenting across development. Results have important implications for uncovering neural pathways to sex‐differences in psychopathology, learning, and cognitive disabilities.
Screening of dental and sinus infections in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Descamps Elise , Gorlier Clémence , Ottaviani Sébastien , Palazzo Elisabeth , Dieudé Philippe , Forien Marine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased risk of infections. Screening for oral (dental and/or sinus) infection could be proposed before biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) initiation but is not systematically recommended. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of oral infection in RA patients requiring bDMARDs.Materials and methodsThis was a monocentric retrospective study. We included patients with RA and active disease requiring bDMARDs. Dental infection and sinusitis were assessed by a stomatologist and otorhinolaryngologist after clinical, panoramic dental X‐ray and sinus CT evaluation. Factors associated with oral infections were analysed in uni‐ and multivariate models, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe included 223 RA patients (79.4% women, mean disease duration 8.9 ± 8.6 years). The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.9 years and mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 5.5 ± 2.6. Systematic dental screening revealed infection requiring treatment before bDMARDs initiation in 46 (20.9%) patients. Sinusitis was diagnosed by the otorhinolaryngologist in 33 (14.8%) patients. Among the 223 patients, 69 (30.9%) had dental and/or sinus infection. On univariate analysis, active smoking was associated with increased probability of oral infection (OR = 2.16 [95% CI 1.02‐4.57], P = .038) and methotrexate with reduced probability (OR = 0.43 [95% CI 0.23‐0.81], P = .006). On multivariate analysis, no RA variables were associated with oral infection.ConclusionIn our study, asymptomatic oral infection was confirmed in one third of RA patients.
Gut microbiomes of bigheaded carps and hybrids provide insights into invasion: A hologenome perspective
Authors: Zhu Lifeng , Zhang Zheng , Chen Hua , Lamer James T. , Wang Jun , Wei Wenzhi , Fu Lixia , Tang Minghu , Wang Chenghui , Lu Guoqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGut microbiomes play an essential role in host survival and local adaptation and thus can facilitate the invasion of host species. Biological invasions have been shown to be linked to the genetic properties of alien host species. It is thus plausible that the holobiont, the host, and its associated microbiome act as an entity to drive invasion success. The bighead carp and silver carp (bigheaded carps), invasive species that exhibit extensive hybridization in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB), provided a unique model to test the holobiont hypothesis of invasion. Here, we investigated the microbiomes of foreguts and hindguts in bigheaded carps and their reciprocal hybrids reared in aquaculture ponds using 16S amplicons and the associated gene prediction. We found an admixed pattern in the gut microbiome community in bigheaded carp hybrids. The hybrid gut microbiomes showed special characteristics such as relatively high alpha diversity in the foregut, an increasing dissimilarity between foreguts and hindguts, and a remarkable proportion of genes coding for putative enzymes related to their digestion of main food resources (Cyanobacteria, cellulose, and chitin). The pond‐reared hybrids had advantageous features in genes coding for putative enzymes related to their diet. The above results collectively suggested that the gut microbiomes of hybrids could be beneficial to their local adaptation (e.g., food resource utilization), which might have facilitated their invasion in the MRB. The gut microbial findings, along with the intrinsic genomic features likely associated with life‐history traits revealed in our recent study, provide preliminary evidence supporting the holobiont hypothesis of invasion.
Gait abnormalities and ridden horse behaviour in a convenience sample of the United Kingdom ridden sports horse and leisure horse population
Authors: Dyson S. , Routh J. , Bondi A. , Pollard D. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to compare horses’ gaits in hand and when ridden; to assess static and dynamic saddle fit for each horse and rider; to apply the Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) and relate the findings to gait abnormalities consistent with musculoskeletal pain, rider position and balance and saddle fit; and to document noseband use and its relationship with mouth opening during ridden exercise. Data were acquired prospectively from a convenience sample of horses believed by their owners to be working comfortably. All assessments were subjective. Gait in hand and when ridden were evaluated independently, by two assessors, and compared using McNemar’s test. Static tack fit and noseband type were recorded. Movement of the saddle during ridden exercise, rider position, balance and size relative to the saddle was documented. RHpE scores were based on assessment of video recordings. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to determine factors which influenced the RHpE scores. Of 148 horses, 28.4% were lame in hand, whereas 62.2% were lame ridden (P<0.001). Sixty per cent of horses showed gait abnormalities in canter. The median RHpE score was 8/24 (interquartile range 5, 9; range 0, 15). There was a positive association between lameness and the RHpE score (P<0.001). Riding School horses had higher RHpE scores compared with General Purpose horses (P = 0.001). Saddles with tight tree points (P = 0.001) and riders seated at the back of the saddle rather than the middle (P = 0.001) were associated with higher RHpE scores. Horses wearing crank cavesson compared with cavesson nosebands had higher RHpE scores (P = 0.006). There was no difference in mouth opening, as defined by the RHpE, in horses with a noseband with the potential to restrict mouth opening, compared with a correctly fitted cavesson noseband, or no noseband. It was concluded that lameness or gait abnormalities in canter may be missed unless horses are assessed ridden.
Nucleoside selectivity of Aspergillus fumigatus nucleoside‐diphosphate kinase
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie , Jovcevski Blagojce , Pukala Tara L. , Bruning John B. 
Published: October 2020

Aspergillus fumigatus infections are rising at a disconcerting rate in tandem with antifungal resistance rates. Efforts to develop novel antifungals have been hindered by the limited knowledge of fundamental biological and structural mechanisms of A. fumigatus propagation. Biosynthesis of NTPs, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, is catalysed by NDK. An essential enzyme in A. fumigatus, NDK poses as an attractive target for novel antifungals. NDK exhibits broad substrate specificity across species, using both purines and pyrimidines, but the selectivity of such nucleosides in A. fumigatus NDK is unknown, impeding structure‐guided inhibitor design. Structures of NDK in unbound‐ and NDP‐bound states were solved, and NDK activity was assessed in the presence of various NTP substrates. We present the first instance of a unique substrate binding mode adopted by CDP and TDP specific to A. fumigatus NDK that illuminates the structural determinants of selectivity. Analysis of the oligomeric state reveals that A. fumigatus NDK adopts a hexameric assembly in both unbound‐ and NDP‐bound states, contrary to previous reports suggesting it is tetrameric. Kinetic analysis revealed that ATP exhibited the greatest turnover rate (321 ± 33.0 s−1), specificity constant (626 ± 110.0 mm−1·s−1) and binding free energy change (−37.0 ± 3.5 kcal·mol−1). Comparatively, cytidine nucleosides displayed the slowest turnover rate (53.1 ± 3.7 s−1) and lowest specificity constant (40.2 ± 4.4 mm−1·s−1). We conclude that NDK exhibits nucleoside selectivity whereby adenine nucleosides are used preferentially compared to cytidine nucleosides, and these insights can be exploited to guide drug design.EnzymesNucleoside‐diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6).DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers: Unbound‐NDK (6XP4), ADP‐NDK (6XP7), GDP‐NDK (6XPS), IDP‐NDK (6XPU), UDP‐NDK (6XPT), CDP‐NDK (6XPW), TDP‐NDK (6XPV).
Large‐scale early‐wilting response of Central European forests to the 2018 extreme drought
Authors: Brun Philipp , Psomas Achilleas , Ginzler Christian , Thuiller Wilfried , Zappa Massimiliano , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe combination of drought and heat affects forest ecosystems by deteriorating the health of trees, which can lead to large‐scale die‐offs with consequences on biodiversity, the carbon cycle, and wood production. It is thus crucial to understand how drought events affect tree health and which factors determine forest susceptibility and resilience. We analyze the response of Central European forests to the 2018 summer drought with 10 × 10 m satellite observations. By associating time‐series statistics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with visually classified observations of early wilting, we show that the drought led to early leaf‐shedding across 21,500 ± 2,800 km2, in particular in central and eastern Germany and in the Czech Republic. High temperatures and low precipitation, especially in August, mostly explained these large‐scale patterns, with small‐ to medium‐sized trees, steep slopes, and shallow soils being important regional risk factors. Early wilting revealed a lasting impact on forest productivity, with affected trees showing reduced greenness in the following spring. Our approach reliably detects early wilting at the resolution of large individual crowns and links it to key environmental drivers. It provides a sound basis to monitor and forecast early‐wilting responses that may follow the droughts of the coming decades.
Effect of pain on depression among nursing home residents: Serial mediation of perceived social support and self‐rated health. A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Ye , Wu Meiliyang , Zeng Tieying , Peng Chaohua , Zhao Meizhen , Xiao Qi , Yuan Mengmei , Zhang Ke , Wang Xuejun 
Published: October 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate how perceived social support and self‐rated health together could mediate the relationship between pain and depression among Chinese nursing home residents with pain.MethodsThe study was conducted in 38 nursing homes in 13 cities in China. A convenience sample of 2154 older adults responded to the questionnaire survey. A mediation analysis was performed on the data of 990 participants with pain. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of socio‐economic and demographic characteristics, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Self‐rated Health Scale and the Numerical Rating Scale of pain. The sample was subdivided by sex. Descriptive analysis, t‐tests, chi‐squared tests, Mann–Whitney U‐tests, Spearman correlation analyses and the bootstrap method were used to analyze data.ResultsThe prevalence rate of pain and depression among nursing home residents were 46.0% and 20.7% respectively. Pain, perceived social support and self‐rated health were all significantly correlated with depression (r = 0.217, P < 0.01; r = −0.216, P < 0.01; r = 0.385, P < 0.01, respectively). Perceived social support and self‐rated health independently and in series partly explained the relationship between pain and depression.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that pain was associated with low perceived social support first, and then poor self‐rated health, which was in turn related to the development of depression among nursing home residents with pain. For nursing home residents, perceived social support and self‐rated health as an internal resource can affect the ability to overcome the suffering of pain and reduce the level of depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1234–1240.
“Against a sharp white background”: How Black women experience the white gaze at work
Authors: Rabelo Verónica Caridad , Robotham Kathrina J. , McCluney Courtney L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhiteness is a pervasive context in (post)colonial organizations that maintains its enduring presence through everyday practices such as the white gaze: seeing people's bodies through the lens of whiteness. The white gaze distorts perceptions of people who deviate from whiteness, subjecting them to bodily scrutiny and control. Understanding how the white gaze manifests is therefore important for understanding the marginalization of particular bodies in organizations. We therefore center Black women's narratives to examine the following research question: How is the white gaze enacted and experienced at work? We conducted a critical discourse analysis of 1169 tweets containing the hashtag #BlackWomenAtWork and identified four mechanisms of the white gaze whereby whiteness is imposed, presumed, venerated, and forced on Black women's bodies. We conclude with a discussion of the white gaze as an apparatus to enforce gendered racialized hierarchies vis‐à‐vis the body and how foregrounding whiteness deepens our understanding of marginalization at work.
Can you see me? Participant experience of accessing a weight management programme via group videoconference to overcome barriers to engagement
Authors: Cliffe Marion , Di Battista Enzo , Bishop Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEngagement with conventional weight management group programmes is low.ObjectiveTo understand participant experience of accessing an adapted programme via videoconference.ParticipantsAdults with obesity (BMI ≥ 35kg/m2), referred to an NHS Dietetics service in Wales, were offered a group videoconference weight management programme as an optional alternative to in‐person groups. Thirteen participants (mean age 48.5 ± 20.2 years, 8 female) recruited to two videoconference groups were interviewed.Study designA Registered Dietitian delivered a behavioural programme using Skype for Business in 10 sessions over 6 months. Participants joined the groups from any Internet‐connected device with a webcam. Participant perspectives were audiorecorded in one‐to‐one, semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using self‐determination theory as a theoretical framework.ResultsTen themes were identified, three relating to service engagement and seven relating to behaviour change facilitation. Key themes in engagement included ‘reduced burden’, described as saving time and travel and ‘reduced threat’ as participants perceived joining a group from home as less daunting compared to attending in‐person. Despite reporting some initial technical difficulties with establishing video and audio connection, participants described beneficial peer support although not physically with other group members.ConclusionAccessing a group weight management programme via videoconference may be the preferred option for some participants, overcoming some of the barriers to access to standard in‐person programmes, particularly in rural areas. Participants are able to experience peer support via videoconference. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, weight management programmes could utilize videoconference groups to continue to provide support.