bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns of Parents Requesting Screening Tests for Their Children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ersoy Emrah , Ardic Cuneyt 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and objectiveWhile previous researchers provide insights into parental concerns about emotional, developmental, or behavioural problems in children, it is not known how children's complaints and possible medical conditions related to these complaints impact parent concerns. The aim of this study is to investigate concerns of parents visiting a family physician to request screening tests for their own child.MethodsOur sample was 407 children aged 2-16 years visiting a family physician for screening in Rize, a city in the Black Sea (Northern part) Region of Turkey, from January 2019 to January 2020. After January 2020, the researchers contacted 407 parents of the children by telephone and they completed the questionnaire via phone calls. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic data, parents’ opinion about screening tests, parent concern scores, children's complaints and probable medical conditions related with those complaints during the visit. The data was analyzed using the SPSS (SPSS v26) statistical analysis program.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 7.9 ± 4.2 years and the mean age of the parents was 31.7 ± 8.3 years. Of the parents, 65.8% (n=268) were female and of the children, 54.1% (n=220) were male. Of the parents, 60.0% (n=244) had concerns when they requested screening tests for their own child. Of the children, 40.0% (n=163) had no complaints. Of the parents, 56.8% (n=231) were not in favor of requesting a screening test for their child if he/she had no complaints. There was a significant relationship between parents’ opinion about screening tests and parent concerns/children’s complaints (p<0.001). Children’s complaints and probable medical conditions related with the complaints had significant impact on the mean score of parent concerns (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study has shown that most of the children who underwent screening were not asymptomatic and most of the parents who requested screening tests for their own child had concerns related with their child's complaint/s. The concerns of parents were the main motivation for requesting screening.
A Novel Approach to Calculate the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 in European countries
Authors: Qin Qi , Cao Yong-xiao , Cao Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As a result of the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many European countries and regions have been strongly affected. The case fatality rate (CFR) is the most important index to evaluate the hazards associated with an epidemic situation. We aimed to present a method to calculate the instant CFR and to evaluate and compare the instant CFR of COVID-19 in the four European countries that have been most impacted: Italy, Spain, France and Germany. The daily COVID-19 case data from January 30, 2020, to July 9, 2020 in Italy, Spain, France and Germany were collected from WHO reports. Death time was calculated as the difference between the peak dates of the number of daily confirmed cases and the number of deaths in each of the four countries. The estimated dates of diagnosis of the declared deaths were a death time prior to the dates of death. The instant fatality rate of COVID-19 was calculated as the ratio of the number of cumulative deaths to the number of cumulative confirmed cases; these deaths and confirmed cases occurred on the same estimated dates of diagnosis. As of July 9, 2020, the COVID-19 death time was 6, 4, 6 and 12 days in Italy, Spain, France and Germany, respectively. The instant CFR of COVID-19 was 14.4%~27.6%, 2.2%~14.7%, 8.2%~25.0% and 2.0%~10.5% in Italy, Spain, France and Germany, respectively. The average CFR of COVID-19 was highest in France (16.7%) and lowest in Germany (5.0%). Since late April 2020, the CFR has stabilized at approximately 15%, 20% and 5% in Italy, France and Germany, respectively. Since early June, 2020, the CFR in Spain has stabilized at approximately 11%. We have established a more accurate way to calculate the CFR that may provide a basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
Development of a Mortality Prediction Model Combined With time to Positivity for Solid Tumor Patients with Escherichia Coli Bacteremia
Authors: Zhang Qing , Gao Haoyang , Li Ding , Bai Changsen , Li Zheng , Zheng Shan , Zhang Wenfang , Zhou Yunli , Zhang Sihe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To develop a scoring model incorporating time to positivity (TTP) into clinical variables for predicting the mortality of tumor patients with Escherichia coli caused bloodstream infection (ECBSI).Methods: A retrospective single center study enrolling hospitalized cancer patients with ECBSI was conducted from 2013 to 2018. The patients were randomly divided into development and validation groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for mortality. The scoring model was developed and validated based on logistic regression coefficients.Results: 315 and 194 patients with ECBSI were included in development and validation groups, respectively. Six significant risk factors for mortality were identified and included in the scoring model: fever ≥ 39℃, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, metastasis, acute respiratory distress (ARDS), blood transfusion, and TTP ≤ 8h. Patients were classified into low-risk (<10% mortality), medium-risk (10%-20% mortality) and high-risk (≥20% mortality) categories based on the predicted mortality rates in each score. The predicted mortality for the three categories was 4.38%, 15.39%, and 51.77%, respectively, in the development group, and 3.72%, 13.88%, and 50.09%, respectively, in the validation group. The model showed excellent discrimination and calibration for both groups, with AUC curves being 0.858 versus 0.835, respectively, and no significant difference in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (6.709, P=0.48) and the Chi-square test (6.993, P=0.46). Sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) increased along with the decrease of cut-off values.Conclusion: The developed TTP-combined scoring model is feasible for clinicians to predict the mortality risk of cancer patients with ECBSI.
Adherence to usage of personal protective equipment among healthcare workers caring for proven COVID-19 patients and alleged non-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Neuwirth Meike Maria , Mattner Frauke , Otchwemah Robin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Adherence observations of health care workers (HCW) revealed deficiencies in the usage of recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) among HCW caring on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19-wards during the first period of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a university hospital in Germany. The adherence wearing surgical face or FFP2-masks, and disinfecting hands prior donning and after doffing of PPE was significantly higher in COVID-19-wards. However, the adherence on COVID-19-wards clearly failed 100 per cent.
Virulence Factors and Molecular Epidemiology of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Causing Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Wang Zhongyong , Zhang Siqin , Huang Na , Liu Shixing , Xu Ye , Zhao Yajie , Cao Jianming , Zhou Tieli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, little is known about virulence characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) causing multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). It may be these strains are rare. The aim of this study was to analyze the virulence and molecular epidemiology of 12 MDR strains from 163 PLA cases in a tertiary teaching hospital from the perspective of clinical characteristics, virulence phenotypes and genotypes.Results: The virulence phenotypes of the twelve PLA-causing MDR K. pneumoniae were similar or even more obvious than those of sensitive hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae control strains. These MDR strains were mainly non-K1/K2 serotypes and carried multiple virulence genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the PLA-causing MDR strains had low clone correlation.Conclusions: This study was the first analysis on virulence factors of PLA-causing MDR strains. The virulent factors exhibited the coexistence of hypervirulence and multidrug resistance in PLA-causing MDR K. pneumoniae strains, and these MDR strains were mainly polyclonal spread and there was firstly found one ST11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent strain in PLA.
Silibinin sensitizes CD133+ hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin treatment through suppression of OPA1
Authors: Yang Jikang , Xing Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is still a major obstacle during the cisplatin-based chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, studies have indicated that the population of CD133+ cancer cells is partially responsible for the failure of cancer treatment. However, the potential mechanisms are still unclear.Methods: CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells were sorted via flow cytometry. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and silibinin against HCC cells. Western blot assay was performed to detect the protein expression, cleavage of caspases and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure the apoptotic rate of CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells.Results: CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells were observed to exhibit obvious resistance against cisplatin. However, co-treatment with silibinin significantly reduced the cisplatin resistance of CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, although CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells were resistant to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, co-treatment with silibinin enhanced the cisplatin-induced apoptosis through promoting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. In the mechanism research, we proved that silibinin inhibited the expression of OPA1 in CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Under the stress of cisplatin, silibinin promoted the collapse of mitochondria and increased the release of cytochrome c. As a result, caspases-dependent apoptosis was induced in CD133+ HepG2 and Huh7 cells which were co-treated with cisplatin and silibinin.Conclusion: Silibinin sensitizes CD133+ HCC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through suppression of OPA1.
The sniffing bead system: an olfactory dysfunction screening tool for geriatric subjects: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Kim Sun Mi , Han Doug Hyun , Kim Kyung Soo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In the current coronavirus disease pandemic situation, the need for quick, simple, and one-off olfactory function screening test has increased. This study aimed to develop a simple and one-off olfactory screening test, the sniffing bead system, for general clinical use in older adults.
Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, we included geriatric subjects (aged > 50 years) who underwent neurocognitive and olfactory function tests. Overall, 137 subjects were enrolled, and the study was conducted at Chung-Ang University. Olfactory detection thresholds were measured by the sniffing bead system using 2-phenylethyl alcohol, n-butanol, and the YSK olfactory function test. Time taken for each olfactory function test was also measured.
Results
The detection threshold of the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead was 2.58 ± 1.52, which was significantly associated with the YSK_Threshold (2.41 ± 1.79), YSK_Identification (8.93 ± 3.25), and YSK_Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (17.46 ± 5.49) test scores. Time taken for the 2-phenylethyl alcohol sniffing bead was 5.00 ± 1.51 min, which was significantly lower than that for the YSK_Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (20.43 ± 5.29 min). The detection threshold of 2-phenylethyl alcohol was significantly correlated with that of n-butanol with the sniffing bead system (3.50 ± 1.21).
Conclusions
Although specifically designed for screening olfactory function in older adults, the sniffing bead system may function as a valuable screening tool in general practice, allowing for rapid and accurate assessment of olfactory dysfunction.
Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenic differentiation of lipopolysaccharide-induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via ANRIL/miR-125a/APC axis
Authors: Wang Yuli , Lv Fengyi , Huang Lintong , Zhang Hengwei , Li Bing , Zhou Weina , Li Xuan , Du Yifei , Pan Yongchu , Wang Ruixia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inﬂammatory disease inducing the absorption of alveolar bone and leading to tooth loss. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs) have been studied as a potential strategy for inﬂammatory processes. Here, we explored the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) in HAMSCs-droved osteogenesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). Methods: Cells were incubated with coculture system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were used to detect oxidative stress level. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cell proliferation. The Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red assay, cell transfection and rat mandibular defect model were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence Staining were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms.Results: Here, we discovered that HAMSCs promoted osteogenesis of LPS-induced HBMSCs, while ANRIL level in HBMSCs was decreased during coculturing. ANRIL had no significant influence on the proliferation of LPS-induced HBMSCs, while its overexpression inhibited the HAMSCs-droved osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro; whereas its knockdown reversed these effects. Mechanistically, we found that downregulating ANRIL led to overexpression of microRNA-125a (miR-125a), and further contributed to the competitively bounding of miR-125a and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), thus significantly activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Our study indicates that HAMSCs promote osteogenic differentiation of LPS-induced HBMSCs via ANRIL/miR-125a/APC axis, and offer a novel approach for periodontitis therapy.
SphK2/S1P promotes metastasis in triple negative breast cancer through PAK1/LIMK1/Cofilin1 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Weiwei , Ma Ding , Cao Yin , Hu Lili , Liu Shuwen , Yan Dongliang , Zhang Shan , Zhang Guang , Wang Zhongxia , Wu Junhua , Jiang Chunping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) features poor prognosis which partialy attributed to the high metastasis rate. However, there is no effective target for systemic TNBC therapy due to the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors (ER, PR, HER-2) up to date. In the present study, we evaluated the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and its catalysate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in TNBC metastasis, and the antitumor activity of SphK2 specific inhibitor ABC294640 in TNBC metastasis. Methods: The function of SphK2 and S1P in migration of TNBC cells was evaluated by Transwell migration and wound healing assays. The molecular mechanisms of SphK2/S1P mediating TNBC metastasis were investigated using cell line establishment, western blot, histological examination and immunohistochemistry assays. The antitumor activity of ABC294640 was examined in TNBC lung metastasis model in vivo. Results: SphK2 regulated TNBC cells migration through the generation of S1P. Targeting SphK2 with ABC294640 inhibited TNBC lung metastasis in vivo . p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase 1 (LIMK1) and Cofilin1 was the downstream signaling cascade of SphK2/S1P. Inhibition of PAK1 suppressed SphK2/S1P induced TNBC cells migration. Concusion: SphK2/S1P promotes TNBC metastasis through the activation of the PAK1/LIMK1/Cofilin1 signaling pathway. ABC294640 potently inhibits TNBC metastasis in vivo which could be developed as a novel agent for the clinical treatment of TNBC.
Diffusion Histology Imaging Differentiates Distinct Pediatric Brain Tumor Histology
Authors: Ye Zezhong , Sriniv Komal , Meyer Ashely , Sun Peng , Lin Joshua , Viox Jeffrey D. , Song Chunyu , Wu Anthony T. , Song Sheng-Kwei , Dahiya Sonika , Rubin Joshua B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: High-grade pediatric brain tumors exhibit the highest cancer mortality rates in children. While conventional MRI has been widely adopted for examining pediatric high-grade brain tumors clinically, accurate neuroimaging detection and differentiation of tumor histopathology for improved diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment evaluation, remains an unmet need in their clinical management. Methods: We employed a novel Diffusion Histology Imaging (DHI) approach employing diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) derived metrics as the input classifiers for deep neural network analysis. DHI aims to detect, differentiate, and quantify heterogeneous areas in pediatric high-grade brain tumors, which include normal white matter (WM), densely cellular tumor, less densely cellular tumor, infiltrating edge, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Distinct diffusion metric combination would thus indicate the unique distributions of each distinct tumor histology features. Results: DHI, by incorporating DBSI metrics and the deep neural network algorithm, classified pediatric tumor histology with an overall accuracy of 83.3%. Receiver operating analysis (ROC) analysis suggested DHI’s great capability in distinguishing individual tumor histology with AUC values (95%CI) of 0.983 (0.985 - 0.989), 0.961 (0.957 - 0.964), 0.993 (0.992 - 0.994), 0.953 (0.947 - 0.958), 0.974 (0.970 - 0.978) and 0.980 (0.977 - 0.983) for normal WM, densely cellular tumor, less densely cellular tumor, infiltrating edge, necrosis and hemorrhage, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that DBSI-DNN, or DHI, accurately characterized and classified multiple tumor histologic features in pediatric high-grade brain tumors. If these results could be further validated in patients, the novel DHI might emerge as a favorable alternative to the current neuroimaging techniques to better guide biopsy and resection as well as monitor therapeutic response in patients with high-grade brain tumors.
Apparent Density, Trypanosome Infection Rates and Host Preference of Tsetse Flies in the Sleeping Sickness Endemic Focus of North-Western Uganda
Authors: Opiro Robert , Opoke Robert , Angwech Harriet , Nakafu Esther , Oloya Francis A. , Openy Geoffrey , Njahira Moses , Macharia Mercy , Echodu Richard , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Opiyo Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: African trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the tsetse fly, is a serious parasitic disease of humans and animals. Reliable data on the vector distribution, feeding preference and the trypanosome species they carry is pertinent to planning sustainable control strategies.Methodology: We deployed 109 biconical traps in 10 villages in two districts of northwestern Uganda to obtain information on the apparent density, trypanosome infection rates and blood meal sources of tsetse flies. A subset of the collected samples was analyzed for detection of trypanosomes species and sub-species using a nested PCR protocol based on primers amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. 34 blood-engorged adult tsetse midguts were analyzed for blood meal sources by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes. Results: Out of the 109 traps deployed, we captured 622 Glossina fuscipes fuscipes tsetse flies (269 males and 353 females). Apparent density (AD) ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 flies/trap/day in the two districts. 29 (10.7%) of the flies were infected with one or more trypanosome species, with infection rate significantly associated with age group (χ2 = 29.733, df = 2, p < 0.05) but not with sex (χ2 = 0.43, df = 1, p = 0.835) and district of origin (χ2 = 1.374, df = 1, p = 0.241). Nested PCR revealed several species of trypanosomes: T. vivax (62.1%), T. congolense (24.14 %), and T. brucei and T. simiae each at 6.89%. Blood meal analyses revealed five principal vertebrate hosts, namely, cattle (Bos taurus), humans (Homo sapiens), Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus), African mud turtle (Pelusio schapini) and the African Savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana).Conclusion: We found a moderately high infection rate at 10.78%, with all infections attributed to trypanosome species that are causative agents for the animal disease only. However, more validation using large-scale passive and active screening of human and tsetse samples should be done. Cattle and humans appear to be the most important tsetse hosts in the region and should be considered in the design of interventions.
Comparison of the previous and current trauma-related shock classifications – The more the better? – A retrospective cohort study from a level I trauma centre
Authors: Jávor Péter , Csonka Endre , Butt Edina , Rárosi Ferenc , Babik Barna , Varga Endre , Hartmann Petra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim was to compare the predictive performance of the current, extended (VS+BD) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) classification for hypovolaemic shock over the previous, vital sign (VS)-based classification with respect to mortality outcomes. We also studied the prognostic values of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and base deficit (BD).Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis at a level I trauma centre between 11 July 2014 and 11 September 2019. Trauma patients (inclusion criteria: trauma team activation, transport directly from scene, no need for resuscitation on scene, precise and detailed medical documentation, age ≥16, 30-day follow-up, complete dataset for HR, SBP, GCS and BD) were allocated to shock classes (I–IV) based on the VS and VS+BD criteria. The predictive values for the classifications were compared with a two-proportion Z-test, while individual parameters were examined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.Results: A total of 156 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 60,037 trauma admissions. Both the VS and VS+BD classifications have shown a strong relation to mortality (P=0.0001 vs. P=0.000009). There was no significant difference in their predictive performance. According to the statistical analysis, GCS, BD and SBP showed significant prognostic values (AUCGCS=0.799 [CI: 0.722, 0.875]; AUCBD=0.683, [CI: 0.576, 0.790]; AUCSBP=0.633, [CI: 0.521, 0.744]). HR was found ineffective in predicting mortality. Conclusions: The current ATLS classification for hypovolaemic shock did not appear to be superior to the previous, VS-based classification in our study setting. GCS, BD and SBP were proven to be useful parameters in prognosticating outcome. The role of HR should be reconsidered, since it does not seem to reflect the clinical condition accurately.