bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
40 years of Alma Ata Malaysia: targeting equitable access through organisational and physical adaptations in the delivery of public sector primary care
Authors: Fadzil Fariza , Jaafar Safurah , Ismail Rohana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper illustrates the development of Primary Health Care (PHC) public sector in Malaysia, through a series of health reforms in addressing equitable access. Malaysia was a signatory to the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978. The opportunity provided the impetus to expand the Rural Health Services of the 1960s, guided by the principles of PHC which attempts to address the urban–rural divide to improve equity and accessibility. The review was made through several collation of literature searches from published and unpublished research papers, the Ministry of Health annual reports, the 5-year Malaysia Plans, National Statistics Department, on health systems programme and infrastructure developments in Malaysia. The Public Primary Care Health System has evolved progressively through five phases of organisational reforms and physical restructuring. It responded to growing needs over a 40-year period since the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, keeping equity, accessibility, efficiency and universal health coverage consistently in the backdrop. There were improvements of maternal, infant mortality rates as well as accessibility to health services for the population. The PHC Reforms in Malaysia are the result of structured and strategic investment. However, there will be continuing dilemma between cost-effectiveness and equity. Hence, continuous efforts are required to look at opportunity costs of alternative strategies to provide the best available solution given the available resources and capacities. While recognising that health systems development is complex with several layers and influencing factors, this paper focuses on a small but crucial aspect that occupies much time and energies of front-line managers in the health.
Poleward Shift of the Major Ocean Gyres Detected in a Warming Climate
Authors: Yang Hu , Lohmann Gerrit , Krebs‐Kanzow Uta , Ionita Monica , Shi Xiaoxu , Sidorenko Dimitry , Gong Xun , Chen Xueen , Gowan Evan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent evidence shows that wind‐driven ocean currents, like the western boundary currents, are strongly affected by global warming. However, due to insufficient observations both on temporal and spatial scales, the impact of climate change on large‐scale ocean gyres is still not clear. Here, based on satellite observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature, we find a consistent poleward shift of the major ocean gyres. Due to strong natural variability, most of the observed ocean gyre shifts are not statistically significant, implying that natural variations may contribute to the observed trends. However, climate model simulations forced with increasing greenhouse gases suggest that the observed shift is most likely to be a response of global warming. The displacement of ocean gyres, which is coupled with the poleward shift of extratropical atmospheric circulation, has broad impacts on ocean heat transport, regional sea level rise, and coastal ocean circulation.
Effects of Global and Regional Dust Storms on the Martian Hot O Corona and Photochemical Loss
Authors: Lee Yuni , Fang Xiaohua , Gacesa Marko , Ma Yingjuan , Tenishev Valeriy , Mahaffy Paul , Dong Chuanfei , Combi Michael , Bougher Stephen , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine here for the first time the effects of both global and regional dust storms on the formation of the Martian hot O corona and associated photochemical loss of O. Our study is conducted by utilizing our integrated model framework, which couples our Martian hot O corona model with a multifluid magnetohydrodynamic model for Mars for the dusty and clear atmospheric condition cases. We present our results with the most up‐to‐date cross sections for the O(3P)‐CO2 collisions. The main effect of dust storms on the ionosphere is the upward shift of the ionosphere on the dayside, which results in an increase in production of hot O at all altitudes above the ionospheric peak. However, the dust‐induced inflation of the neutral upper atmosphere results in an enhancement in collisional loss of hot O and thus effectively suppresses the hot O density, reducing the global photochemical loss rate by ~28% for the global dust storm scenario. The relative density structure of the hot O corona does not show any significant changes, while its magnitude decreases at all altitudes.
A Simulation of the Influence of DE3 Tide on Nitric Oxide Infrared Cooling
Authors: Ren Zhipeng , Wan Weixing , Xiong Jiangang , Li Xing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing GCITEM‐IGGCAS model, we simulate the influence of the eastward propagating nonmigrating diurnal tide with Zonal Wave Number 3 (DE3) on nitric oxide (NO) infrared cooling rate. We find that the DE3 tide can drive a DE3 signal in lower thermospheric NO cooling rate, and the simulated altitudinal and seasonal variations are according with that of DE3 signal in equatorial lower thermospheric NO cooling rate observed by Oberheide et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019278), which is based on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry observations during the solar minimum year 2008. This signal mainly shows an annual variation, which is stronger between June and September and weaker near November. The maximum of the absolute signal, whose value is about 0.35 * 10−9 W/m3, occurs near the height of 130 km, but the relative signal mainly shows its peak with a value of 40% near the height of 100 km. Due to the difference of the driving mechanism, the distribution of NO signals in different latitudinal regions shows obvious difference. The middle‐ and low‐latitude NO signals show smooth variation, while the high‐latitude signal is discontinuous. The DE3 signal in NO cooling rate is mainly controlled by DE3 temperature tide and DE3 NO tide; meanwhile, the influences of DE3 neutral density tide on the DE3 signal can be ignored. The relative contributions of the DE3 NO tide and of the DE3 temperature tide vary with geographic latitude. The DE3 cooling rates in middle and low latitudes and in high latitude are, respectively, mainly driven by the DE3 temperature tide DE3 NO tide. DE3 tide may not only drive the DE3 signal but also affect the lower thermospheric zonal mean NO cooling rate. The maximum of the absolute influence, whose value is about 0.12 * 10−9 W/m3, occurs above the height of 140 km, but the relative influence mainly shows its peak with a value of 10% near the height of 100 km.
High-contrast, fast chemical imaging by coherent Raman scattering using a self-synchronized two-colour fibre laser
Authors: Kong Cihang , Pilger Christian , Hachmeister Henning , Wei Xiaoming , Cheung Tom H. , Lai Cora S. W. , Lee Nikki P. , Tsia Kevin. K. , Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Huser Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is widely recognized as a powerful tool for tackling biomedical problems based on its chemically specific label-free contrast, high spatial and spectral resolution, and high sensitivity. However, the clinical translation of CRS imaging technologies has long been hindered by traditional solid-state lasers with environmentally sensitive operations and large footprints. Ultrafast fibre lasers can potentially overcome these shortcomings but have not yet been fully exploited for CRS imaging, as previous implementations have suffered from high intensity noise, a narrow tuning range and low power, resulting in low image qualities and slow imaging speeds. Here, we present a novel high-power self-synchronized two-colour pulsed fibre laser that achieves excellent performance in terms of intensity stability (improved by 50 dB), timing jitter (24.3 fs), average power fluctuation (<0.5%), modulation depth (>20 dB) and pulse width variation (<1.8%) over an extended wavenumber range (2700–3550 cm−1). The versatility of the laser source enables, for the first time, high-contrast, fast CRS imaging without complicated noise reduction via balanced detection schemes. These capabilities are demonstrated in this work by imaging a wide range of species such as living human cells and mouse arterial tissues and performing multimodal nonlinear imaging of mouse tail, kidney and brain tissue sections by utilizing second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence, which provides multiple optical contrast mechanisms simultaneously and maximizes the gathered information content for biological visualization and medical diagnosis. This work also establishes a general scenario for remodelling existing lasers into synchronized two-colour lasers and thus promotes a wider popularization and application of CRS imaging technologies.
Ferroptosis driven by radical oxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids mediates acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure
Authors: Yamada Naoya , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Kimura Hiroaki , Watanabe Sachiko , Komada Takanori , Kamata Ryo , Sampilvanjil Ariunaa , Ito Junya , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Kuwata Hiroshi , Hara Shuntaro , Mizuta Koichi , Sakuma Yasunaru , Sata Naohiro , Takahashi Masafumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a common cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. Although hepatocyte cell death is considered to be the critical event in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that is caused by a loss of cellular redox homeostasis. As glutathione (GSH) depletion triggers APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in a murine model of APAP-induced acute liver failure. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (evaluated in terms of ALT, AST, and the histopathological score), lipid peroxidation (4-HNE and MDA), and upregulation of the ferroptosis maker PTGS2 mRNA were markedly prevented by the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Fer-1 treatment also completely prevented mortality induced by high-dose APAP. Similarly, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation were prevented by the iron chelator deferoxamine. Using mass spectrometry, we found that lipid peroxides derived from n-6 fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid, were elevated by APAP, and that auto-oxidation is the predominant mechanism of APAP-derived lipid oxidation. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was also prevented by genetic inhibition of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 or α-tocopherol supplementation. We found that ferroptosis is responsible for APAP-induced hepatocyte cell death. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and suggest that ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced acute liver failure.
Interaction of calcium binding protein S100A16 with myosin-9 promotes cytoskeleton reorganization in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhao Anran , Li Min , Dong Hao , Sun Yifei , Zhang Xue , Zhu Qian , Bukhari Ashfaq-Ahmad-Shah , Cao Changchun , Su Dongming , Liu Yun , Liang Xiubin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRenal fibrosis arises by the generation of matrix-producing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells undergo a transition into a fibroblast phenotype. A key feature of the EMT is the reorganization of the cytoskeletons, which may involve the Ca2+-binding protein S100A16, a newly reported member of the S100 protein family. However, very few studies have examined the role of S100A16 in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, S100A16 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of kidney biopsy specimens from patients with various nephropathies and kidney tissues from a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. Renal histological changes were investigated in S100A16Tg, S100A16+/−, and WT mouse kidneys after UUO. The expression of epithelia marker E-cadherin, mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, and vimentin, extracellular matrix protein, and S100A16, as well as the organization of F-actin, were investigated in S100A16 overexpression or knockdown HK-2 cells. Mass spectrometry was employed to screen for S100A16 binding proteins in HK-2 cells. The results indicated that S100A16 is high expressed and associated with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patient kidney biopsies and in those from UUO mice. S100A16 promotes renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. S100A16 expression responded to increasing Ca2+and interacted with myosin-9 during kidney injury or TGF-β stimulation to promote cytoskeleton reorganization and EMT progression in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Therefore, S100A16 is a critical regulator of renal tubulointerstitial fibroblast activation and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Multiple network properties overcome random connectivity to enable stereotypic sensory responses
Authors: Mittal Aarush Mohit , Gupta Diksha , Singh Amrita , Lin Andrew C. , Gupta Nitin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConnections between neuronal populations may be genetically hardwired or random. In the insect olfactory system, projection neurons of the antennal lobe connect randomly to Kenyon cells of the mushroom body. Consequently, while the odor responses of the projection neurons are stereotyped across individuals, the responses of the Kenyon cells are variable. Surprisingly, downstream of Kenyon cells, mushroom body output neurons show stereotypy in their responses. We found that the stereotypy is enabled by the convergence of inputs from many Kenyon cells onto an output neuron, and does not require learning. The stereotypy emerges in the total response of the Kenyon cell population using multiple odor-specific features of the projection neuron responses, benefits from the nonlinearity in the transfer function, depends on the convergence:randomness ratio, and is constrained by sparseness. Together, our results reveal the fundamental mechanisms and constraints with which convergence enables stereotypy in sensory responses despite random connectivity.
Effect of simulated microgravity on the antidiabetic properties of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Al-Awaida Wajdy J. , Sharab Ahmad S. , Al-Ameer Hamzeh J. , Ayoub Nabil Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrogravity affects plant growth and content. A three-dimensional clinostat was used at 4 rotations/min to rotate the seeds of Triticum aestivum cultivar (Ammon) in three dimensions for 7 days, following which the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts were evaluated using both nitric oxide- and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging activities. The antidiabetic activities of ethanolic extracts were evaluated by measuring the concentration of plasma glucose, insulin, C peptide, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); determining the number of β cells in the pancreatic islets; and performing the glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, the effects of the ethanolic extracts on the lipid profile and liver function were estimated. After rats were sacrificed, their pancreases were isolated and used for histopathological processing. The results indicated that the antioxidant potential and antioxidant metabolite content were significantly increased under microgravity conditions in comparison to those under normal gravity conditions. Rats treated with an extract of wheatgrass (T. aestivum) germinated over a period of 6–10 days under microgravity (WGM) showed a significant reduction in the levels of serum glucose, HbA1C, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and insulin resistance compared to rats treated with an extract of wheatgrass germinated under gravity. Additionally, the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-peptide, and insulin levels rose significantly after treatment with T. aestivum germinated under microgravity. WGM is a promising potential diabetic treatment without side effects with a low manufacturing cost.
Building fault detection data to aid diagnostic algorithm creation and performance testing
Authors: Granderson Jessica , Lin Guanjing , Harding Ari , Im Piljae , Chen Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that approximately 4–5% of national energy consumption can be saved through corrections to existing commercial building controls infrastructure and resulting improvements to efficiency. Correspondingly, automated fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) algorithms are designed to identify the presence of operational faults and their root causes. A diversity of techniques is used for FDD spanning physical models, black box, and rule-based approaches. A persistent challenge has been the lack of common datasets and test methods to benchmark their performance accuracy. This article presents a first of its kind public dataset with ground-truth data on the presence and absence of building faults. This dataset spans a range of seasons and operational conditions and encompasses multiple building system types. It contains information on fault severity, as well as data points reflective of the measurements in building control systems that FDD algorithms typically have access to. The data were created using simulation models as well as experimental test facilities, and will be expanded over time.
Direct solvent free synthesis of bare α-NiS, β-NiS and α-β-NiS composite as excellent electrocatalysts: Effect of self-capping on supercapacitance and overall water splitting activity
Authors: Shombe Ginena Bildard , Khan Malik Dilshad , Zequine Camila , Zhao Chen , Gupta Ram K. , Revaprasadu Neerish 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNickel sulfide is regarded as a material with tremendous potential for energy storage and conversion applications. However, it exists in a variety of stable compositions and obtaining a pure phase is a challenge. This study demonstrates a potentially scalable, solvent free and phase selective synthesis of uncapped α-NiS, β-NiS and α-β-NiS composites using nickel alkyl (ethyl, octyl) xanthate precursors. Phase transformation and morphology were observed by powder-X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The comparative efficiency of the synthesized samples was investigated for energy storage and generation applications, in which superior performance was observed for the NiS synthesized from the short chain xanthate complex. A high specific capacitance of 1,940 F/g, 2,150 F/g and 2,250 F/g was observed at 2 mV/s for bare α-NiS, β-NiS and α-β-NiS composite respectively. At high current density of 1 A/g, α-NiS showed the highest capacitance of 1,287 F/g, with 100% of Coulombic efficiency and 79% of capacitance retention. In the case of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), β-NiS showed an overpotential of 139 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, with a Tafel slope of only 32 mV/dec, showing a fast and efficient process. It was observed that the increase in carbon chain of the synthesized self-capped nickel sulfide nanoparticles decreased the overall efficiency, both for energy storage and energy generation applications.
The distinct spatiotemporal distribution and effect of feed restriction on mtDNA copy number in broilers
Authors: Zhang Xiangli , Wang Ting , Ji Jiefei , Wang Huanjie , Zhu Xinghao , Du Pengfei , Zhu Yao , Huang Yanqun , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number reflects the abundance of mitochondria in cells and is dependent on the energy requirements of tissues. We hypothesized that the mtDNA copy number in poultry may change with age and tissue, and feed restriction may affect the growth and health of poultry by changing mtDNA content in a tissue-specific pattern. TaqMan real-time PCR was used to quantify mtDNA copy number using three different segments of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, ATP6, and ND6) relative to the nuclear single-copy preproglucagon gene (GCG). The effect of sex, age, and dietary restriction (quantitative, energy, and protein restriction) on mtDNA copy number variation in the tissues of broilers was investigated. We found that mtDNA copy number varied among tissues (P < 0.01) and presented a distinct change in spatiotemporal pattern. After hatching, the number of mtDNA copies significantly decreased with age in the liver and increased in muscle tissues, including heart, pectoralis, and leg muscles. Newborn broilers (unfed) and embryos (E 11 and E 17) had similar mtDNA contents in muscle tissues. Among 42 d broilers, females had a higher mtDNA copy number than males in the tissues examined. Feed restriction (8–21 d) significantly reduced the body weight but did not significantly change the mtDNA copy number of 21 d broilers. After three weeks of compensatory growth (22–42 d), only the body weight of broilers with a quantitatively restricted diet remained significantly lower than that of broilers in the control group (P < 0.05), while any type of early feed restriction significantly reduced the mtDNA copy number in muscle tissues of 42 d broilers. In summary, the mtDNA copy number of broilers was regulated in a tissue- and age-specific manner. A similar pattern of spatiotemporal change in response to early feed restriction was found in the mtDNA content of muscle tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas liver mtDNA content changed differently with age and dietary restriction. It seems that early restrictions in feed could effectively lower the mtDNA content in muscle cells to reduce the tissue overload in broilers at 42 d to some degree.
Non-specific Health complaints and self-rated health in pre-adolescents; impact on primary health care use
Authors: Rytter Dorte , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Vestergaard Claus Høstrup , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Bech Bodil Hammer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to explore past and future primary health care use in preadolescents reporting frequent non-specific health complaints or a low self-rated health compared to that of preadolescents with no frequent health complaints or with good self-rated health. The study was conducted as a cohort study based within the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002). Information on non-specific health complaints and self-rated health was obtained by an 11-year follow-up questionnaire. Information about number of general practitioner (GP) contacts was obtained from the Health Insurance Service Register. A total of 44,877 pre-adolescents gave complete exposure information. Pre-adolescents who reported frequent non-specific health complaints had a higher use of GP compared to pre-adolescents without complaints across the five years following the index date (somatic complaints: IRR = (1.46 [1.38; 1.55], mental complaints: IRR = 1.16 [1.12; 1.19], both complaints: IRR = 1.58 [1.47; 1.69]). The same pattern was found for the association between low self-rated health and number of GP contacts (IRR = 1.41 (1.36; 1.46)). Non-specific health complaints and a poor self-rated health in pre-adolescents was associated with a higher past and future use of GP, indicating a need for development of early interventions with help for symptom management.