bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of reservoir flood control risk considering forecast uncertainty
Authors: Wu J , Xu J J , Chen J , Zhong D Y , Wang Y Q , Li Q Q 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The reservoir flood control risk is closely related to the accuracy of hydrological forecasting. High-accuracy hydrological forecasting technology can greatly reduce the reservoir flood control risk. Based on the definition of reservoir flood control risk, the risk exceeding the check water level of the reservoir and the risk exceeding safe flow of downstream flood control object are selected as the risk index of reservoir flood control in this paper. The relationship between the standard deviation of the relative error and the certainty coefficient of the flood process is analyzed. According to the distribution law of the flood forecast error, the Monte Carlo method is used to generate multiple inflow scenarios to simulate the flood control operation of reservoirs and analyze the risk rate of reservoir flood control operation. Taking Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs as an example, the risk rate of exceeding the check water level of the reservoir and exceeding safe flow of downstream flood control object under different flood forecasting accuracy are calculated. It provides a scientific basis for flood forecasting and operation of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs.
Design of Energy Monitoring System for Small Scale Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: Damanik Natalina , Robiansyah Muhammad R. , Apriliana Almas , Purba Sahrijal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an energy monitoring system for small scale wind turbine is proposed. The monitoring system process includes measuring wind turbine power output (voltage and current) and storing systems. The measurement results will be stored in a micro SD at the real time. All processes for measuring and storing data in a data logger were carried out by a microcontroller through several sensors and storage media. The data logger were designed and implemented as small as possible to save material and enhance the performance of serial communication between components inside. Hence, most of components are installed by Surface Mounting Device (SMD) packaging resulted a compact data logger size as 7cm x 8cm. Furthermore, by using FAT32 system files, the data logger is able to operate a micro SD with a size of up to 32GB. Finally, this data logger shows a good capability for measuring voltage, current and storing the results into the SD card including the measurement period.
Financial engineering to promote renewable energy in Indonesia: Case study bioethanol
Authors: Purwoko  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In line with the improving economy, fuel consumption in Indonesia is increasing. Unfortunately, the production of fossil-based fuels is declining, and oil reserves are running low. If there is no serious effort from the government, it is predicted that national energy security will be disrupted. The government has set up an energy mix policy, with targets such as reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and increasing the consumption of renewable fuels, including bioethanol.
Government program on bioethanol is currently unworkable, since its cost of production is more expensive than the price of fossil fuels. This study aims to find policies to encourage the bioethanol production. This study uses secondary data analyzed by the qualitative descriptive approach.
The results of this study indicate that financial engineering can be used by the Government to accelerate the bioethanol programs, by using excise tax and subsidies as instruments. Excise tax for fossil fuel will increase prices, and are expected to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. The excise revenue can be earmarked to provide subsidies for bioethanol producers. This policy will make the bioethanol production cost lower and is expected to attract producers to produce bioethanol.
Determination of environmental indicators critical values depending on their impact on various types of infrastructure in harsh climate
Authors: Konovalov Alexey M. , Baturova Galina V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the methods and algorithm for ranking of environmental indicators depending on their impact on infrastructure for long-term planning of infrastructure development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the context of global climate change. The article presents the environmental indicators critical values database focused on supporting decision-making as well.
Incommensurate Phase Transition and Electronic Properties of BaMnF4
Authors: Palaz Selami , Simsek Sevket , Koc Husnu , Babayeva Rena , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the ab initio study the electronic, mechanical and structural properties of BaMnF4. We duscuss the trends in the electronic and mechanical properties of BaMnF4 under pressure up to 80 GPa. BaMnF4 belongs to the family of BaMF4-type fluorides (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn) which share the same orthorhombic structure. The main focus of this study is to elaborate the changes brought about in the electronic and the structural properties by applied pressure. The calculated lattice parameters have been in agreement with the available experimental and theoretical value. Band gap of BaMnF4 in our calculation is about 2.0 eV, separating the empty upper-Hubbard t2g bands and occupied lower-Hubbard eg bands. The total and partial DOS corresponding to the electronic band structure are calculated. Comparative analysis of the results of these calculations shows that the band-gap energy of BaMnF4 decreases with increasing pressure and has a minima value at a critical pressure (appr. 65 GPa), after which it increases again. Some fundamental physical parameters such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio, sound velocities and Debye temperature were calculated and interpreted, too.
Biogeosorbents for solving ecological problems
Authors: Shchemelinina T , Kotova O , Harja M , Anchugova E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Among the variety of the ecotoxicants the petroleum products are the most environmentally dangerous, since the intensive migration of pollutants from them can occur because of the solubility of ionic components. Zeolites have high adsorption and cation exchange capacity and can be used as adsorbents for hydrocarbons polluting water bodies and soil. The disadvantage of their application is that after the adsorption of pollutants the secondary waste requiring costly disposal methods would be formed. Developing biogeosorbents via immobilization of petroleum oxidizing microorganisms on glauconites can provide the solution to the problem of immobilization of hydrocarbons polluting water bodies and soil. The obtaining zeolite-based biogeosorbents through immobilization, rather than freeze drying, solve the problem of sorbing material utilization, moreover, of increasing the efficiency cell retention, cell viability and extracellular enzyme activity. In extremely poor environmental conditions zeolite carrier provides transport of bacteria, allowing to exist in state suspended animation for up to 10 years.
Effect polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) to the physical properties of gadolinium doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
Authors: Damisih  , Raharjo J. , Yuliani H. , Hapsari A.U. , Masmui  , Pravitasari R.D. , Grandevi  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cerium oxide base materials have been attracting great attention as a promising electrolyte for intermediate temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) due to its excellent conductivity at a lower temperature. In this works, cerium from Indonesia local raw material was developed as a cheaper alternative precursor for preparing gadolinium doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 or GDC10) electrolyte. The effects of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a surfactant on to physical properties of GDC10 electrolyte were studied. GDC10 powders were synthesized using co-precipitation method with the addition of various PEG 400 concentration i.e 0,1,2 and 3v/v%. Synthesized powders were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The XRD analysis indicates that crystallinity was enhanced and all of the peaks on samples correspond to the fluorite crystal structure of single phase CeO2. The average crystallite size is about 11.37, 7.27, 6.75 and 7.02 nm for PEG 400 concentration of 0, 1, 2 and 3v/v%, respectively. SEM images show different morphology of particle regarding with the addition of surfactant. Particle size analysis exhibits decreasing of particle diameter as the addition of PEG surfactant. The smallest particle size was about 1.47 μm for 1v/v% of PEG concentration. The results of this works confirm that the addition of PEG 400 surfactant strongly affects particle size and morphology of GDC10 powders. However, addition PEG 400 as surfactant should be delivered in a certain amount to give optimum effects where according to this works it is about 1 -2v/v%.
A Comparative Study on Commercial Grade and Laboratory Grade of TiO2 particle in Nanofluid for Quench Medium in Rapid Quenching Process
Authors: Ramadhani C.A , Putra W.N. , Rakhman D. , Oktavio L. , Harjanto S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Heat treatment of material particularly quenching requires a high thermal conductivity quench medium. Hardenability of material, dimension, and geometry of the component are considerate on choosing quench medium. The cooling rate of quenching affects the properties and microstructures by creating specific phase transformation to occur. Enhancing the quench medium by accelerating the cooling rate can be attained by the addition of nanoparticle which has higher thermal conductivity. This nanoparticle-added medium is commonly termed as nanofluid. Commercial and laboratory grade of TiO2 was used as the nanoparticle to distilled water as the nanofluid base to acquired higher conductivity on the heat treatment process. In this experiment, a top-down method was done to obtain TiO2 particles by grounding using a planetary ball mill for 15 hours at 500 rpm. Nanofluid quench medium was mixed with TiO2 in various concentration of 1%, 5% and 10% with a volume of 100 ml each. Samples of AISI 1045 or JIS S45C carbon steel were used to obtain different cooling rate on a different type of TiO2 particles. Samples were heat treated by austenizing at 1000°C for 1 hour, followed by rapid quenching in nanofluid quench medium with the addition of agitation as quenching variable. Observation of particle morphology and size, material composition, and the change of surface ere measured by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Initial characterization showed that the TiO2 particle size was at 150 nm range, and roughly free from any impurities. Martensite microstructures have the most significant area and the amount at laboratory-grade TiO2 in 0.2 wt% composition, followed by commercial-grade at 0.3 wt% composition.
10 Ghz Optical Modulator using CPS structure for communication and Sensing
Authors: Daud P. , Kurniadi D.P. , Mahmudin D. , Wijayanto Y.N. , Putranto P. , Pristianto E.J. , Nurrahman A. , Andriana  , Zulkarnaen  , Vertus O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The combination of of wireless millimeter-wave (MMW) bands and fiber optic cables is able to compensate the propagation loss of millimeter waves in broadband communications and high-resolution imaging. This paper discusses the design and the realization of optical modulator using coplanar stripline (CPS) structure completed with the u-slot antenna patch for RF signal input. The substrate used for CPS structure is Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) due to its large electro optical coefficient. A 10 Ghz radio wave frequency is inputted via microstrip u-slot antenna patch array 2 x 1 with input impedance 50 Ω, and acceptable return loss -10 dB. The light waves for the carrier are generated from the laser diode. Several measurements have been completely done and reported. The design is carried out by means of varying physical variable value which results in specification of the operating frequency 10 GHz. This is a pure research since the obtained results are not directly applied to the radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology.
The Effect of Manganese Palmitate as Pro-Oxidant Additive on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene
Authors: Pamungkas Reza Jati , Rachmawati  , Made Arcana I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used polymer materials, such as in textile, automotive spare part, furniture, household appliances, and packaging. However, PP is very difficult to degrade naturally. When the product from PP is not reused and discharged into the environment, this plastic can cause problems to the environment. One of the solution to improve degradability of PP is by adding pro-oxidant additives. The addition of pro-oxidant additives can make polypropylene to easily oxidize and degrade into shorter chains by producing carbonyl groups. The pro-oxidant additive used in this research is manganese palmitate. The additive was synthesized by reacting palmitic acid with sodium hydroxide and followed by reaction with manganese chloride tetrahydrate. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of manganese palmitate as a pro-oxidant additive to the structure and mechanical properties of PP before and after thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was carried out by providing heating in PP at various temperatures (25, 60, and 90°C) for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The structure and mechanical properties of PP was characterized by functional group analysis (FTIR) and mechanical properties (Tensile tester). FTIR spectra of PP film after thermal treatment at temperature 60 and 90°C showed the presence of carbonyl group in 1700-1720 cm−1 region. After thermal treatment at 90°C, PP film could not be analyzed by mechanical properties because it was damaged and destroyed. The peak intensity of the carbonyl group increased with the increasing temperature of heating. PP films with the addition of manganese palmitate both before and after thermal treatment have a lower tensile strength and elongation compared to the pure PP, but their modulus young are higher, so that the films of PP with addition of pro-oxidant became more fragile and rigid. In addition, the PP film with heating treatment at 90°C cannot be analysed due to it was damaged and destroyed.
Recent Development of Lactic Acid Production using Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Aliwarga L. , Wardani A.K. , Aryanti P.T.P. , Wenten I G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lactic acid has been widely used as flavour and preservative in the food, pharmaceutical, leather and textile industries. It can be produced by fermentation process of the substrates with high lactose content, such as cheese whey, soybean milk, corn, and potatoes. Among various existing technologies, membrane bioreactor is one of the promising methods to achieve high productivity of lactic acid. In addition, membrane bioreactor allows integration of fermentation and separation steps, thus it able to simultaneously maintain high cell density, recycle the cells for further use, and continuously remove lactic acid from the fermenter.
The effect of temperature and reaction time on the shape of Ag nanowires synthesized using the polyol method
Authors: Septiningrum Fairuz , Roza Liszulfah , Fauzia Vivi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have attracted more attention in the last decade due to their potential applications in the next generation of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Several simple approaches were used to produce highly crystalline Ag NWs, but the synthesis parameter should still be precisely optimized to obtain high aspect ratio Ag NWs. In this study, we observed the morphological changes of Ag NWs during the synthesis to obtain the precise temperature and reaction time. AgNO3 is used as a source of metal ions, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent or stabilizing agent, NaCl as a control agent, and ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and solvent. Synthesis was performed with temperatures of 150°C and 170°C, and it was observed in reaction times of 10, 15, 40, 80, and 120 min. The results show that Ag nanoparticles were formed in the first 10 min of the reaction then continue to form Ag NWs up to 80 min. After that, the diameter of Ag NWs starts to expand from 7.1 nm to 8.8 nm. The highly crystalline Ag NWs with an aspect ratio of 191.7 ± 9.8 were obtained in the synthesis performed at temperature of 170°C in 120 min.
Gain-switched Dy3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm
Authors: Pajewski Lukasz , Sójka Lukasz , Lamrini Samir , Benson Trevor M , Seddon Angela B , Sujecki Slawomir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A gain-switched Dy3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.943 μm is experimentally reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The laser was pumped by a 1.1 μm Q-switched ytterbium (III) fiber laser constructed in-house. A stable pulse train is achieved with repetition rates spanning between 25 and 100 kHz. For the repetition rate of 50 kHz, stable 183 ns pulses with an energy of 0.72 μJ and peak power of 4 W are recorded. By using a longer length of Dy3+-doped ZBLAN fiber, gain-switched operation was achieved at a wavelength larger than 3 μm.
Authority and Plurality in Muslim Legal Traditions: The Case of Ismaili Law†
Authors: Jamal Arif A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thoughtful commentators on Islamic law often point out that Islamic law exhibits great interpretational diversity. Typically, this plurality is evidenced by the range of opinions or articulations of the rule in the face of any question or issue. At the level of sources, accounts of Islamic law have often emphasized the reliance on a set of major sources or roots of law, with other lesser sources. Scholarly works have acknowledged that matters are more complex than this and that different Muslim traditions may employ a different range of sources. Nonetheless, source plurality, and in particular how this source plurality is expressed in minority traditions, is underexplored. Focusing on the case of contemporary Nizari Ismaili law this Article will help to demonstrate the expression of source plurality in Islamic law. In so doing, this discussion aims to enrich the understanding of plurality in Islamic law to include not only the plurality of answers or rules on different issues but also the plurality of sources.
The role of haematological traits in risk of ischaemic stroke and its subtypes
Authors: Harshfield Eric L , Sims Matthew C , Traylor Matthew , Ouwehand Willem H , Markus Hugh S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thrombosis and platelet activation play a central role in stroke pathogenesis, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are central to stroke prevention. However, whether haematological traits contribute equally to all ischaemic stroke subtypes is uncertain. Furthermore, identification of associations with new traits may offer novel treatment opportunities. The aim of this research was to ascertain causal relationships between a wide range of haematological traits and ischaemic stroke and its subtypes. We obtained summary statistics from 27 published genome-wide association studies of haematological traits involving over 375 000 individuals, and genetic associations with stroke from the MEGASTROKE Consortium (n = 67 000 stroke cases). Using two-sample Mendelian randomization we analysed the association of genetically elevated levels of 36 blood cell traits (platelets, mature/immature red cells, and myeloid/lymphoid/compound white cells) and 49 haemostasis traits (including clotting cascade factors and markers of platelet function) with risk of developing ischaemic (AIS), cardioembolic (CES), large artery (LAS), and small vessel stroke (SVS). Several factors on the intrinsic clotting pathway were significantly associated (P &lt; 3.85 × 10−4) with CES and LAS, but not with SVS (e.g. reduced factor VIII activity with AIS/CES/LAS; raised factor VIII antigen with AIS/CES; and increased factor XI activity with AIS/CES). On the common pathway, increased gamma (γ′) fibrinogen was significantly associated with AIS/CES. Furthermore, elevated plateletcrit was significantly associated with AIS/CES, eosinophil percentage of white cells with LAS, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activation peptide antigen with AIS. We also conducted a follow-up analysis in UK Biobank, which showed that amongst individuals with atrial fibrillation, those with genetically lower levels of factor XI are at reduced risk of AIS compared to those with normal levels of factor XI. These results implicate components of the intrinsic and common pathways of the clotting cascade, as well as several other haematological traits, in the pathogenesis of CES and possibly LAS, but not SVS. The lack of associations with SVS suggests thrombosis may be less important for this stroke subtype. Plateletcrit and factor XI are potentially tractable new targets for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, while factor VIII and γ′ fibrinogen require further population-based studies to ascertain their possible aetiological roles.
A Review of Asymptomatic and Subclinical Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections
Authors: Grant Rebecca , Malik Mamunur Rahman , Elkholy Amgad , Van Kerkhove Maria D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted a review of molecular and serological investigations through PubMed and EMBASE from September 2012 to November 15, 2018, to measure subclinical or asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection within and outside of health-care settings. We performed retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported to the World Health Organization to November 27, 2018, to summarize what is known about asymptomatic infections identified through national surveillance systems. We identified 23 studies reporting evidence of MERS-CoV infection outside of health-care settings, mainly of camel workers, with seroprevalence ranges of 0%–67% depending on the study location. We identified 20 studies in health-care settings of health-care worker (HCW) and family contacts, of which 11 documented molecular evidence of MERS-CoV infection among asymptomatic contacts. Since 2012, 298 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported as asymptomatic to the World Health Organization, 164 of whom were HCWs. The potential to transmit MERS-CoV to others has been demonstrated in viral-shedding studies of asymptomatic MERS infections. Our results highlight the possibility for onward transmission of MERS-CoV from asymptomatic individuals. Screening of HCW contacts of patients with confirmed MERS-CoV is currently recommended, but systematic screening of non-HCW contacts outside of health-care facilities should be encouraged.