bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating a novel multiplex proteomics technology for detection of changes in serum protein concentrations that may correlate to tumor burden
Authors: Ren Annie He , Prassas Ioannis , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Jarvi Stephanie , Gallinger Steven , Kulasingam Vathany , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: November 2020

Background: To account for cancer heterogeneity, we previously introduced the concept of “personalized” tumor markers, which are biomarkers that are informative in subsets of patients or even a single patient. Recent developments in various multiplex protein technologies create excitement for the discovery of markers of tumor burden in individual patients, but the reliability of the technologies remains to be tested for this purpose. Here, we sought to explore the potential of a novel proteomics platform, which utilizes a multiplexed antibody microarray, to detect changes in serum protein concentration that may correlate to tumor burden in pancreatic cancer. Methods: We applied the Quantibody® Human Kiloplex Array to simultaneously measure 1,000 proteins in sera obtained pre- and post-surgically from five pancreatic cancer patients. We expected that proteins which decreased post-surgery may correlate to tumor burden. Sera from two healthy individuals, split into two aliquots each, were used as controls. To validate the multiplexed results, we used single-target ELISA assays to measure the proteins with the largest serum concentration changes after surgery in sera collected pre- and post-surgically from the previous five patients and 10 additional patients. Results: The multiplexed array revealed nine proteins with more than two-fold post-surgical decrease in at least two of five patients. However, validation using single ELISAs showed that only two proteins tested displayed more than two-fold post-surgical decrease in one of the five original patients. In the independent cohort, six of the proteins tested showed at least a two-fold decrease post-surgery in at least one patient. Conclusions: Our study found that the Quantibody® Human Kiloplex Array results could not be reliably replicated with individual ELISA assays and most hits would likely represent false positives if applied to biomarker discovery. These findings suggest that data from novel, high-throughput proteomic platforms need stringent validation to avoid false discoveries.
Outcomes assessment pitfalls: challenges to quantifying knowledge gain in a sex education game
Authors: Bertozzi Elena , Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Padankatti Swathi , Sridhar Aparna 
Published: November 2020

Background: The use of videogames as a public health tool is rapidly expanding. Accurate assessment of the efficacy of such games is complicated by many factors. We describe challenges associated with measuring the impact of playing a videogame with information about human sexual anatomy and reproduction and discuss motivations for, and solutions to, these challenges. Methods: The My Future Family Game (MFF) is a validated tool for collecting data about family planning intentions which includes information about human anatomy and sexual reproduction. We sought to assess the efficacy of the game as a tool for teaching sexual education using a pre-post model which was deployed in three schools in and around Chennai, India in summer of 2018. Results: The MFF game was successfully modified to collect data about players’ pre-gameplay knowledge of sexual anatomy and processes. The post gameplay assessment process we used did not effectively assess knowledge gain. Designing assessments for games dealing with sexuality presents challenges including: effectively communicating about biological parts and processes, designing usable and intuitive interfaces with minimal text, ensuring that all parts of the process are fun, and integrating assessments into the game in a way that makes them invisible. Conclusion: Games can be an effective means of gathering data about knowledge of sex and reproduction that it is difficult to obtain through other means. Assessing knowledge about human sexual reproduction is complicated by cultural norms and taboos, and technical hurdles which can be addressed through careful design. This study adds to the sparse literature in the field by providing information about pitfalls to avoid and best practices in this evolving area.
Role of Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) single nucleotide polymorphisms in gestational hypertension development: A case-control study
Authors: Caccamo Daniela , Cannata Attilio , Ricca Sergio , Catalano Liliana Maria , Montalto Antonella Federica , Alibrandi Angela , Ercoli Alfredo , Granese Roberta 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRecent literature data have highlighted the important role of hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy complications and prenatal/perinatal health. Vitamin D action takes place through vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms ofVDRgene,FokIandBsmI, have been reported to affect VDR molecular signaling and be associated with several disorders, including hypertension.MethodsWe carried out a case-control study aimed to assess vitamin D serum levels together with the distribution ofVDR FokI andBsmI in a population of 116 pregnant women with gestational hypertension (GH) and 69 normotensive pregnant women (CTR).ResultsHypovitaminosis D was largely prevalent both in GH (81%) and CTR (69%) pregnant women. Vitamin D insufficiency (10–30 ng/ml) had a similar frequency in both cohorts (GH 60% vs CTR 58%), while vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was more frequent in GH cohort than in CTR one (21% vs 11%). Regression analysis showed that GH was significantly (p = 0.031) linked to vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a threefold-increased risk of developing GH, while a normal vitamin D status was protective against this pregnancy disorder. TheVDR FF/bBhaplotype was the most frequent in GH cohort, and resulted to increase by two folds the risk for GH. Notably, hypovitaminosis D was found in 92% ofFF/bBGH pregnant women, 27% of which had deficient vitamin D levels compared with 11% of their normotensive counterparts.ConclusionsDespite being preliminary, these findings suggest that genotyping of pregnant women forVDRpolymorphisms may be useful for a tailored vitamin D supplementation strategy.
Individual and community level factors associated with anemia among children 6—59 months of age in Ethiopia: A further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey
Authors: Gebremeskel Menaseb Gebrehaweria , Mulugeta Afework , Bekele Abate , Lemma Lire , Gebremichael Muzey , Gebremedhin Haftay , Etsay Berhe , Tsegay Tesfay , Haileslasie Yared , Kinfe Yohannes , Gebremeskel Fre , Mezgebo Letemichael , Shushay Selam 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAnemia is a global public health problem; but its burden is disproportionately borne among children in the African Regions. The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey report showed that the prevalence of anemia among children 6–59 months of age was 57%; far exceeding the national target of 25% set for 2015. Although studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, multilevel analysis has rarely been used to identify factors associated with anemia among children. Therefore, this study aimed to identify individual and community-level factors associated with anemia among children 6–59 months of age by fitting a multilevel logistic regression model.MethodsThe data was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, conducted from January to June 2016, and downloaded from the websitehttp://www.DHSprogram.com. The sample was taken using two-stage stratified sampling. In stage one, 645 Enumeration Areas and in stage two 28 households per Enumeration Area were selected. A sample of 7790 children 6–59 months of age was included. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was obtained.ResultFrom the individual-level factors, anemia was associated most strongly with child age, wealth index, maternal anemia and child stunting followed by child underweight, child fever and birth order whereas from the community-level, the strongest odds of anemia occurred among children from Somali, Harari, Dire Dawa and Afar region followed by Oromia and Addis Ababa. Low community-poverty is a protective factor for anemia. The odds of anemia were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.99) times lower for children who were living in communities of lower poverty status than children who were living in communities of higher poverty status. Children from Somali and Dire Dawa had 3.38 (95% CI: 3.25, 5.07) and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.48) times higher odds of anemia, respectively than children from the Tigray region.ConclusionsThis study shows that anemia among children 6–59 months of age is affected both by the individual and community level factors. It is better to strengthen the strategies of early detection and management of stunted and underweight children. At the same time, interventions should be strengthened to address maternal anemia, child fever and poverty, specifically targeting regions identified to have a high risk of anemia.
Nineteen-year prognosis in Japanese patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Lean versus overweight patients
Authors: Hirose Shunji , Matsumoto Koshi , Tatemichi Masayuki , Tsuruya Kota , Anzai Kazuya , Arase Yoshitaka , Shiraishi Koichi , Suzuki Michiko , Ieda Satsuki , Kagawa Tatehiro 
Published: November 2020

Background
Many studies have investigated the prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, most studies had a relatively short follow-up. To elucidate the long-term outcome of NAFLD, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Methods
We re-evaluated 6080 patients who underwent liver biopsy from 1975 to 2012 and identified NAFLD patients without other etiologies. With follow-up these patients, we evaluated the outcome-associated factors.

Results
A total of 223 patients were enrolled, 167 (74.9%) was non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The median follow-up was 19.5 (0.5–41.0) years and 4248.3 person-years. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension was 11.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.70–15.6) and 7.99 (95% CI 6.09–10.5) times higher, respectively, in NAFLD patients than in the general population. Twenty-three patients died, 22 of whom had NASH. Major causes of death were extrahepatic malignancy and cardiovascular disease (21.7%) followed by liver-related mortality (13.0%). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in NASH patients than in nonalcoholic fatty liver patients (P = 0.041). In multivariate analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.05–1.14], P<0.001) and T2DM (HR 2.87 [95% CI 1.12–7.04], P = 0.021) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. The factors significantly associated with liver-related events were older age, T2DM, milder hepatic steatosis, and advanced liver fibrosis. Body mass index wasn’t associated with either mortality or liver-related events.

Conclusions
T2DM was highly prevalent in NAFLD patients and was significantly associated with both all-cause mortality and liver-related events. The lean patients’ prognosis wasn’t necessarily better than that of overweight patients.
The cost-effectiveness of a program to reduce intrapartum and neonatal mortality in a referral hospital in Ghana
Authors: Bogdewic Stephanie , Ramaswamy Rohit , Goodman David M. , Srofenyoh Emmanuel K. , Ucer Sebnem , Owen Medge D. 
Published: November 2020

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a program intended to reduce intrapartum and neonatal mortality in Accra, Ghana.

Design
Quasi-experimental, time-sequence intervention, retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis.

Methods
A program integrating leadership development, clinical skills and quality improvement training was piloted at the Greater Accra Regional Hospital from 2013 to 2016. The number of intrapartum and neonatal deaths prevented were estimated using the hospital’s 2012 stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates as a steady-state assumption. The cost-effectiveness of the intervention was calculated as cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. In order to test the assumptions included in this analysis, it was subjected to probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses.

Main outcome measures
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which measures the cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted by the intervention compared to status quo.

Results
From 2012 to 2016, there were 45,495 births at the Greater Accra Regional Hospital, of whom 5,734 were admitted to the newborn intensive care unit. The budget for the systems strengthening program was US $1,716,976. Based on program estimates, 307 (±82) neonatal deaths and 84 (±35) stillbirths were prevented, amounting to 12,342 DALYs averted. The systems strengthening intervention was found to be highly cost effective with an ICER of US $139 (±$44), an amount significantly lower than the established threshold of cost-effectiveness of the per capita gross domestic product, which averaged US $1,649 between 2012–2016. The results were found to be sensitive to the following parameters: DALYs averted, number of neonatal deaths, and number of stillbirths.

Conclusion
An integrated approach to system strengthening in referral hospitals has the potential to reduce neonatal and intrapartum mortality in low resource settings and is likely to be cost-effective. Sustained change can be achieved by building organizational capacity through leadership and clinical training.
“I was raped by the broker on the first day of my arrival in the town.” Exploring reasons for risky sexual behavior among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants in Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Baru Ararso , Adeoye Ikeola A. , Adekunle Adeyemi O. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundStudies revealed that internal migrants are one of the most vulnerable groups for poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is a threat to public health and might lead to serious health problems such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The reported prevalence of RSB among young female internal migrants in Ethiopia was as high as 70.3%. This requires in-depth understanding of the underlying cause. So, this study aimed at exploring reasons for RSB among sexually-active unmarried young female migrants in Ethiopia.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions among sexually-active young female migrants working Burayu town. The focus group discussions were done in the local languages of participants (Afaan Oromo and Amharic). The recorded data were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for analysis and presentation in the study. The data were coded and Atlas.ti 7.5 software packages were used for data analyses. Then, the findings were thematically organized and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThis study revealed that poor socio-economic status, social media indulgence, rape, substance use, poor knowledge of condom use, unfavorable attitude toward condom use, misconceptions about emergency pills, and the nature of the new environment and work place were responsible for RSB among internal migrants. The participants described that the migrants’ economic conditions and workplace sexual violence are pushing them toward engaging in unprotected sex, being sexually abused, commercial sex, and transactional sex.ConclusionsInternal migrants’ sexual behavior is a complex process influenced by multiple interrelating systems. We have explored a set of factors namely poverty, pressure and sexual abuse from brokers, sexual exploitation and abuses against domestic workers by their bosses, indulgence in social media, sexting, inadequate knowledge, and unfavorable attitude toward condom use that led young female internal migrants to risky sexual practices. An intervention to promote safe sex targeted to this population is urgently needed with a focus on an intervention to eliminate misconceptions about condoms, increase proper condom use, and end sexual violence. Moreover, a relevant policy is needed to safeguard internal migrants from sexual exploitation and abuses at their work place.
Risk factors and etiology of neonatal sepsis after hospital delivery: A case-control study in a tertiary care hospital of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Rafi Md. Abdur , Miah M. Morsed Zaman , Wadood Md. Abdul , Hossain Md. Golam 
Published: November 2020

Background
Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal death worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to identify the risk factors and causative organisms of neonatal sepsis after delivery in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh.

Methods
This was a case-control study conducted in the neonatal ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), a 1000-bed tertiary hospital situated in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Neonates diagnosed as neonatal sepsis by clinical and laboratory parameters were included as cases in this study. Admitted neonates unsuspected or undiagnosed for sepsis were considered as controls. Maternal and neonatal information and their laboratory reports were collected and analyzed. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of neonatal sepsis.

Results
A total of 91 cases and 193 controls were included in the study. Maternal history of urinary tract infection (UTI) during the third trimester of pregnancy (aOR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.04–7.23, p <0.05), premature birth (aOR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.08–7.13, p <0.05) and APGAR score <7 at five minutes (aOR 2.58, 95% CI: 1.04–6.39, p <0.05) were associated with onset of neonatal sepsis in multiple logistic regression model. All these factors were also associated with developing early-onset neonatal sepsis, while maternal UTI and male sex of neonates were associated with developing late-onset neonatal sepsis. Escherichia coli (40.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%) were the commonly isolated organisms causing neonatal sepsis. All these organisms were highly resistant to common antibiotics like amoxicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Carbapenemase group of drugs along with amikacin, nitrofurantoin and linezolid were the most sensitive drugs.

Conclusions
Strengthening the existing facility for antenatal screening for early diagnosis and treatment of maternal infection during pregnancy as well as identifying high-risk pregnancy for adequate perinatal management is necessary to prevent neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. Rational use of antibiotics according to local epidemiology and culture and sensitivity reports may minimize the increasing hazards of antibiotic resistance.
ANÁLISIS DEL EFECTO DE SECUENCIAS DE CULTIVO SOBRE EL ESCURRIMIENTO SUPERFICIAL Y PÉRDIDAS DE SUELO Y HERBICIDAS
Authors: SEEHAUS M. S. , SASAL M. C. , VAN OPSTAL N. , GABIOUD E. A. , WILSON M. G. , WINGEYER A. , MICHLIG M. P. , REPETTI M. R. 
Published: November 2020

La evaluación del efecto de los sistemas agrícolas sobre el ambiente es fundamental para minimizar sus impactos negativos. Este estudio evalúa las pérdidas de agua, sedimentos y herbicidas por escurrimiento en distintas secuencias agrícolas, luego de una precipitación próxima a la pulverización. Fue realizado en parcelas de escurrimiento bajo lluvia natural, en INTA Paraná. Las secuencias de cultivo evaluadas fueron: soja continua (S), soja continua con trigo como cultivo de cobertura (CC-S) y trigo/soja (T/S) bajo siembra directa, las cuales fueron pulverizadas con glifosato y cletodim. Considerando el total de los datos analizados, los porcentajes perdidos en escurrimiento de glifosato y cletodim respecto a lo aplicado oscilaron entre 5,3-13,5% y 2,6-5,9%, respectivamente. Las pérdidas de suelo y AMPA (concentración) fueron mayores para S. Se resalta la importancia de las condiciones meteorológicas posteriores a las pulverizaciones para reducir el riesgo de aportes difusos de agroquímicos hacia cuerpos de agua.
PRRS eradication from swine farms in five regions of Hungary
Authors: Szabó István , Bognár Lajos , Molnár Tamás , Nemes Imre , Bálint Ádám 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant losses to the swine industry worldwide, which leads to launching eradication programmes. The PRRS eradication programme in Hungary is based on the territorial principle, and it is obligatory for each swine farm irrespective of the number of animals kept there. Hungary has an exceptionally large herd size in large-scale pig farms. Large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow systems. The large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. In large-scale breeding farms, PRRS eradication was carried out by the depopulation-repopulation method in 33 farms, of which 23 received state compensation, 18 farm units either finished production or changed to producing fatteners only. Two farms used the test and removal method for eradication. One farm was classified as ‘vaccinated free’. At this farm the breeding animals are vaccinated continuously but there is no vaccination of the progeny at any age, and the PRRS-free status of the farm is strictly controlled and monitored. By 31 December 2019, all pigs in five euroregions of Hungary had become free from PRRS virus, while the PRRS eradication process is still ongoing in the remaining two regions.
Moody’s Bond Ratings in Historical Perspective： Their Purpose and Performance
Authors: W Berry K 
Published: November 2020

<span>The securities rating industry has been heavily criticized for its subprime mortgage ratings that performed so poorly during the 2007-9 subprime crisis. This chapter traces the history of Moody’s bond ratings since their inception in 1909. The stated purpose of the ratings was as an aid in investment analysis with the large number of U.S. securities outstanding at the time. However, evidence is reviewed that the Great Depression was a turning point for ratings, with a switch in focus from investment analysis to default analysis. The ratings during this period were compared with a structural default analysis in terms of their ability to rank order defaults that occurred during the Great Depression. The conclusion is that advances in finance has created technologies that tend to outdate the ratings technology. </span>
Localização, orientação e representação espacial como expressão de territorialidades indígenas
Authors: Marcilino Ozirlei Teresa , Tomaz Vanessa Sena 
Published: November 2020

O artigo analisa tensões entre práticas de localização, orientação e representação espacial próprias dos Indígenas Xakriabá e aquelas que se configuram quando estudantes desse povo participam de uma disciplina, ministrada na universidade e no território indígena, em uma licenciatura intercultural. Iluminadas pelo pensamento decolonial e fundamentadas em formulações indígena e não indígena, território é entendido como um espaço de poder, luta, resistência e uso, uma herança que passa de geração para geração, um dos sentidos da interculturalidade na vida contemporânea Xakriabá. Embasada nessa formulação, a análise da participação e dos registros dos estudantes - mapas, desenhos, textos - e relatos orais mostram que tensões surgem nas práticas, tanto na universidade quanto no território indígena porque os estudantes constroem representações espaciais em estreita relação com a dinâmica de uso do seu território que, muitas vezes, não podem ser representadas pelos elementos técnicos de projeção do espaço no plano ou mesmo pelas referências geográficas. Conclui-se que as práticas de formação vivenciadas pelos estudantes contribuíram para a construção de novas territorialidades e que o estudo dessas noções pode compor um currículo como ferramenta político-pedagógica de fortalecimento das relações etnoterritoriais de professores indígenas.