bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive local treatments for patients with residual pockets during supportive periodontal care: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Chen‐Ying , Yang Yu‐Hao , Li Hua , Lin Ping‐Yi , Su Yu‐Ting , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis systematic review and network meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive locally delivered antimicrobials, compared to subgingival instrumentation alone or plus a placebo, on changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), in patients with residual pockets during supportive periodontal care.Materials and methodsLiterature search was performed with electronic databases and by hand until 31 May 2020. Primary outcome was the changes in PPD. The treatment effects between groups were estimated with weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI) by using random‐effects network meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. Significantly greater PPD reduction was achieved in chlorhexidine chip group (WMD: 0.65 mm, 95% CI: 0.21–1.10) and tetracycline fibre group (WMD: 0.64 mm, 95% CI: 0.20–1.08) over 6‐month follow‐up. Other adjunctive antimicrobial agents achieved non‐significant improvements compared to scaling and root planing alone. All differences between adjunctive therapies were statistically non‐significant. Similar findings were observed for CAL gain.ConclusionAdjunctive local antimicrobial agents achieved small additional PPD reduction and CAL gain in residual pockets for a follow‐up of up to 6 months. Tetracycline fibre and chlorhexidine chip achieved better results than other antimicrobials.
Ingestion of an exogenous ketone monoester improves the glycemic response during oral glucose tolerance test in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance: A cross‐over randomized trial
Authors: Nakagata Takashi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kaga Hideyoshi , Sato Motonori , Yamasaki Nozomu , Someya Yuki , Kadowaki Satoshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Satoh Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionAs a low‐carbohydrate diet and the use of sodium–glucose transporter‐2 inhibitors are both known to increase D‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate levels, the effect of these levels on glucose metabolism has attracted attention. We investigated the acute effects of ketone monoester (KM) ingestion on blood glucose levels during the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in participants with impaired glucose tolerance.Materials and MethodsNine Japanese adults aged 48–62 years (4 men, 5 women) with impaired glucose tolerance participated in this study. After participants fasted overnight, we carried out OGTT for 180 min with and without KM ingestion on two separate days in a randomized cross‐over design. We compared the area under the curve (AUC) of D‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate, glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon and free fatty acids during OGTT.ResultsThe AUC of D‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate during OGTT was significantly higher with KM than without KM (KM 5995.3 ± 1257.1 mmol/L·h; without KM 116.1 ± 33.9 mmol/L·h, P < 0.0001), and the AUC of glucose with KM was significantly lower than that without KM (KM 406.6 ± 70.6 mg/dL·h; without KM 483.2 ± 74.3 mg/dL·h, P < 0.0001). This improved glucose excursion was associated with enhanced AUC of insulin during the first half (0–90 min) of OGTT, even though the AUC of C‐peptide during this period was unchanged. In contrast, the AUC of insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon and free fatty acids during 180 min of OGTT were similar in both conditions.ConclusionThe ingestion of KM decreased the AUC of glucose during 75‐g OGTT in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, and the mechanism might involve elevated levels of circulating early phase insulin.
CEO EXTRAVERSION AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS: THE ROLE OF FIRM DYNAMICS, PRODUCT MARKET COMPETITION, AND FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Lartey Theophilus , Kesse Kwabena , Danso Albert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing panel data of U.S. firms, we focus on an important yet understudied facet of the chief executive officer's (CEO) personality—extraversion—and how it affects corporate capital structure decisions. We examine how this relation is moderated by financing (tax) benefits, financial crisis, firm size, growth opportunities, and collateralization. The results show that firms managed by extraverted CEOs use greater financial leverage, adjusting toward target leverage levels at a faster speed, with about half‐life within a year for book and market leverage. In addition, the positive extraversion–leverage relation is enhanced for firms that are large, have greater collateralizable assets, and are more vulnerable to external shocks (financial crisis). Last, although the positive extraversion–leverage relation holds particularly when product market competition is high, the effect is attenuated for high‐growth opportunity firms.
DO WELL‐CONNECTED BOARDS INVEST OPTIMALLY IN R&D ACTIVITIES?
Authors: Iyer Subramanian R. , Sankaran Harikumar , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearchers have argued that the uncertainty surrounding innovative activities causes firms to either underinvest or overinvest in research and development (R&D). We examine whether the information gained by boards through directors’ connections helps mitigate such distortions. We find that an increase in directors’ connections has an asymmetric impact on under‐ and overinvesting firms. R&D expenditures are shown to increase with board connections. Such increases in R&D intensity exacerbate the extent of overinvestment, resulting in a loss in future market‐to‐book value. The increase in R&D intensity, however, reduces underinvestment only among firms with higher than average R&D productivity. We find that increased director busyness is one cause of overinvestment.
Investigation of curcumin emulsion stability and gastrointestinal digestion prepared with rapeseed oil body
Authors: He Shenghua , Zhou Sanjiu , Guo Weiyun , Wang Yonghui , Liu Chunhong , Wang Rongchun , Xiao Fugang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, rapeseed oil bodies (RPOBs) were used to prepare curcumin emulsions (CEs) in order to investigate their stability and gastrointestinal. The results showed that particle size significantly reduced (p < .05) with increasing RPOBs concentrations from 1.0 to 6.0 wt%. Additionally, CEs showed good stability at pH 2.0–10.0. However, CEs were instable at salt concentration ranging from 100 to 500 mM and at temperatures between 35 and 95°C. CE fat droplet size after 30 min of digestion time exhibited a remarkable increase (p < .05) compared with other times. Upon exposure to simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) conditions, CEs particle sizes gradually decreased with increasing digestion time. Then, 56% curcumin and 40 μmol/ml free fatty acids were produced from CEs after 180 min digestion time under SIF conditions.Practical applicationsOur findings indicate that rapeseed oil bodies as a novel carrier can be applied for the delivery‐controlled release of lipophilic bioactive compounds from emulsions during gastrointestinal digestion.
The role of dietitian clinical judgement in the nutrition care process within the acute care setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Vo R. , Smith M. , Patton N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDietitian clinical decision making in the acute care setting likely incorporates a practitioner’s clinical judgement to effectively support patient care. The term ‘dietitian clinical judgement’ is well used in clinical practice, yet is poorly defined and often used interchangeably with other concepts. The aim of this research was to describe the nature of dietitians’ clinical judgement in the acute care setting.MethodsA qualitative design within the interpretative paradigm was used guided by principles of philosophical hermeneutics. Dietitians with at least 3 years experience were invited to participate in two 60‐min in‐depth semi‐structured interviews which were recorded, transcribed and interpreted using hermeneutic principles. A reference group was used to increase rigour and further interpretation of the findings.ResultsTen dietitians participated in the interviews and five of these same participants in the reference focus group. The findings revealed clinical judgement to be a sophisticated practitioner dependent meta‐reasoning process that helps the dietitian manage complexity, guide interpersonal interactions and individualise patient care. It is characterised by tacit and efficient use of various reasoning strategies reliant on the dietitian’s clinical experience, used to synthesise and weigh up various types of information and knowledge with respect to delivering context‐relevant care.ConclusionsDietitian clinical judgement is a necessary part of clinical decision making that extends beyond logical or critical thinking. It facilitates a person‐centredness to patient care and professional relationships that are key dimensions to dietitian clinical decision making. These findings provide training and professional development insights to managers, educators and supervisors.
Promotion of professional quality of life through reducing fears of compassion and compassion fatigue: Application of the Compassionate Mind Model to Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (Health Visiting) training
Authors: McVicar Andrew , Pettit Ann , Knight‐Davidson Pamela , Shaw‐Flach Adelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo identify whether a Compassionate Mind Model‐based curriculum reduces students’ perceived fears of compassion and improves their professional well‐being.BackgroundEnabling compassion is mandatory within nurse education but evidencing it is challenging. Research suggests that application of the Compassionate Mind Model might reduce students’ fears of compassion and also decrease compassion fatigue. This study reports outcomes of a post‐registration curriculum based on that model for training Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (Health Visiting).DesignA quantitative, prospective evaluation of a 12‐month training course for Health Visiting students. Reporting was guided by the STROBE checklist for observational studies.MethodsFears of compassion scales were applied at course start (time 1), mid‐point (time 2; +6 months) and end (time 3; +12 months) to evaluate fears of compassion of 26 post‐registration student Health Visitors (81% of course cohort) who provided data at all three points. The Professional Quality of Life tool was administered simultaneously to evaluate compassion satisfaction and burnout/secondary traumatic stress (compassion fatigue).ResultsBetween time 1 and time 3, mean fears of compassion scores decreased by 16.6‐48.5% (repeated measures analysis of variance); mid‐point scores were intermediary. At time 3, compassion satisfaction had increased slightly (+4.1%), negatively correlated with fears of compassion for self (r = −0.602; p = .001; n = 26) and fears of receiving compassion from others (r = −0.568; p = .002; n = 26). Burnout score decreased by 18.7%, correlated positively with fear of compassion for self (r = 0.493; p = .011; n = 26) and fear of receiving compassion from others (r = 0.615; p = .001; n = 26). Secondary traumatic stress score decreased by 16.5% but was not correlated with any fear of compassion.ConclusionFindings suggest that application of the Compassionate Mind Model might reduce practitioners’ fears of compassion linked to a decrease in risk of compassion fatigue.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Compassionate Mind Model could provide an effective vehicle to promote compassion and nurse well‐being.
‘The desire for a harmonious interaction’: A qualitative study of how healthcare professionals in community‐based dementia teams perceive their role in reaching and supporting family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds
Authors: Gulestø Ragnhild , Halvorsrud Liv , Bjørge Heidi , Lillekroken Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how healthcare professionals in community‐based dementia teams perceive their role in reaching and supporting family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds when caring for a family member suffering from dementia or cognitive impairment.BackgroundDespite increased focus on barriers to accessing the dementia healthcare service for family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds, the lack of knowledge on how to address these barriers in order to reach and support this group is evident.DesignThe study has a qualitative, explorative design. The principles of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were applied for reporting methods and findings.MethodsBased on data from semi‐structured interviews (n = 9) conducted in two large Norwegian municipalities, a thematic analysis influenced by Braun and Clarke was used. The analytical findings draw on Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of field, habitus and capital.Findings‘The desire for a harmonious interaction’ was identified as an overarching theme. However, while desirable, the analysis shows that healthcare professionals in community‐based dementia teams do not always succeed in reaching and supporting family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds. The study reveals that the dementia healthcare service is a complex, normative and sometimes rigid system that requires a number of distinct attributes to navigate.ConclusionsThe different social structures within the dementia healthcare service can both create and retain barriers that prevent family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds from receiving support on their own terms.Relevance to clinical practiceA practical implication of allowing critical reflection on the dementia healthcare service is that it provides opportunities for discussion. Healthcare professionals in community‐based dementia teams need to reflect on how normative ideals and ‘taken‐for‐granted’ mindsets can affect their ability to reach and support family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds.
Nurses’ perspectives on climate change, health and nursing practice
Authors: Kalogirou Maya R. , Dahlke Sherry , Davidson Sandra , Yamamoto Shelby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore Canadian nurses’ perspectives on climate change, health, nursing practice and the relationships between these concepts.BackgroundClimate change negatively impacts human health. With a mandate to promote health, nurses have a professional and ethical responsibility to address climate change. Little is known about Canadian nurses’ perspectives on climate change or how they perceive of their professional responsibility towards addressing it.MethodsA focused ethnography was conducted in three medicine units and the emergency room at a Canadian hospital. Nurses (n = 22) participated in semi‐structured interviews, and observations were collected. Data were analysed via thematic analysis. Reporting is in accordance with the COREQ guideline.ResultsThree themes were identified: muddled terminology, climate change and health, and nursing's relationship to climate change.ConclusionParticipants had varying levels of knowledge about climate change and its relationship to health or practice. Climate change was a personal concern, and nursing's role in addressing it was not understood.Relevance to PracticeThis study highlighted that practising nurses did not readily recognise their role in addressing climate change. More work is needed to clarify this role and bring it into the consciousness of every‐day nursing practice. Furthermore, more work is needed to examine how healthcare organisations can better support environmentally responsible nursing practice.
‘The Lynchpin of the Acute Stroke Service’—An envisioning of the scope and role of the advanced nurse practitioner in stroke care in a qualitative study
Authors: Laird Elizabeth Ann , McCauley Claire , Ryan Assumpta , Beattie Alison 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStroke prevalence is rising internationally. Advanced practice nursing is established across many jurisdictions; however, its contribution to stroke services is under research.AimTo gain insights into the future scope and role of future advanced nurse practitioners in stroke care from the perspectives of key stakeholders.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach.MethodsInterviews were conducted in 2019 with a purposive sample of 18 participants, comprising stroke nurses, stroke unit managers, stroke survivors and their family carers, recruited in one UK healthcare trust. The research is reported in line with COREQ. Data were analysed in accordance with an inductive content analysis approach.ResultsThe abstraction process generated four main themes. These were ‘The lynchpin of the acute stroke service’, ‘An expert in stroke care’, ‘Person and family focussed’ and ‘Preparation for the role’.ConclusionThese findings offer new perspectives on the potential scope and role of advanced nurse practitioners in stroke service delivery. Further research should focus on how to address the challenges confronted by advanced nurse practitioners when endeavouring to engage in autonomous clinical decision‐making.ImpactStudy findings may advance postregistration education curricula, clinical supervision models and research directions.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is support for the implementation of advanced practice nursing in the hyperacute and acute stroke phases of the care pathway. An interprofessional model of clinical supervision has potential to support the developing advanced nurse practitioner in autonomous clinical decision‐making.
Development of an in vitro model of the dentogingival junction using 3D organotypic constructs
Authors: Lu Emily Ming‐Chieh , Hobbs Carl , Ghuman Mandeep , Hughes Francis J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe overall aim was to propose a plausible model of the dentogingival junction (DGJ) to deepen our understanding of the extrinsic influences responsible for the development of the junctional epithelial phenotype. The specific objective was to test the hypothesis that epithelial migration and proliferation would be inhibited by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts in an in vitro model of the DGJ consisting of 3D organotypic cultures.BackgroundPreviously, we showed that 3D organotypic cultures containing human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) supported the development of a multi‐layered epithelium, while constructs containing human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF) resulted in epithelial atrophy (Lu EMC, Hobbs C, Dyer CJ, Ghuman M, Hughes FJ. J Perio Res., 2020). However, changes in epithelial phenotype have not been studied within an in vitro model of the DGJ.MethodsThe in vitro model of the DGJ comprised of a donor HGF construct (H400 epithelium overlying HGF‐collagen matrix) supported by a dimensionally larger recipient collagen bed enriched with HPDLF. Samples were harvested, fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry. The changes in epithelial migration and proliferation following contact with HPDLF were assessed by measuring the horizontal extension of the epithelial outgrowth on the recipient collagen matrix.ResultsWithin our in vitro model of the DGJ, epithelial migration and proliferation were inhibited following contact with the recipient HPDLF. By contrast, the control set‐up showed a relative increase in epithelial growth, where the epithelium came into contact with the recipient HGF. Overall, there were limited changes in the molecular expression of keratin markers.ConclusionThis study has proposed a plausible in vitro model of the DGJ to illustrate the role of different fibroblasts in the regulation of dentogingival epithelia. Furthermore, it suggests that the anatomical positional stability of the JE and its apparent resistance to apical migration could be associated with its interaction with the PDL.
Aventriculi associated with holoprosencephaly in a dog
Authors: Barnard Laura , Durand Alexane , Blume Lauren , Lee Laura , Cameron Starr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCase DescriptionA 10‐month‐old neutered male mixed breed dog was presented for assessment of poorly controlled seizures.Clinical FindingsMagnetic resonance imaging of the brain disclosed complete absence of the lateral and third ventricles and mesencephalic aqueduct. Postmortem computed tomographic (CT) imaging and positive contrast cisterno‐ventriculography confirmed the lack of a contiguous ventricular system. However, histopathology identified the presence of vestigial lateral and third ventricles with hypoplastic choroid plexus, atresia of the third ventricle, and fused thalami, consistent with a diagnosis of lobar holoprosencephaly (HPE).Clinical RelevanceTo our knowledge, this report is the first case of radiographically confirmed aventriculi associated with HPE, a rare congenital malformation previously reported in people, to be described in veterinary medicine.
Left ventricular M‐mode prediction intervals in 7651 dogs: Population‐wide and selected breed‐specific values
Authors: Esser Lilith Carla , Borkovec Martin , Bauer Alexander , Häggström Jens , Wess Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEchocardiography is a common method to measure heart size in dogs. The heart dimensions are influenced by body weight (BW) and potentially by breed.ObjectivesTo establish BW‐dependent prediction intervals (PIs) of the left ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in a population of dogs of many breeds in multicenter environment, and to identify breeds deviating from these intervals.DogsSeven thousand six hundred and fifty‐one dogs.MethodsRetrospectively, data from heart screens conducted between 2009 and 2016 were included. Cardiac dimensional PIs were generated using allometric scaling including all nonsighthound dogs and values were compared to previously published PIs. The values measured in dogs of respective breeds, including sighthounds, were then compared to the overall nonsighthound PIs to identify deviant breeds. The interobserver‐variability of the measurements was determined using the explained residual variance.ResultsPrediction intervals for the nonsighthound dogs were in agreement with previously published cardiac PIs, although the upper limits of the generated PIs of our study were slightly below those currently applied (except the interventricular septum in systole and the left ventricular free wall in diastole below 10.0 kg and 15.0 kg, respectively). Values measured in the nonsighthound breed Newfoundland deviated for most dimensions. Most of the sighthound breeds analyzed had greater cardiac dimensions, with the exception of the Irish Wolfhound.Conclusion and ImportanceFindings of our study reinforces the value of BW‐dependent PIs for cardiac dimensions in dogs and suggest that these PIs are valid for most nonsighthound breeds, but not the sighthound breeds.