bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha Oscillations in the Human Brain Implement Distractor Suppression Independent of Target Selection
Authors: Wöstmann Malte , Alavash Mohsen , Obleser Jonas 
Published: October 2019

In principle, selective attention is the net result of target selection and distractor suppression. The way in which both mechanisms are implemented neurally has remained contested. Neural oscillatory power in the alpha frequency band (∼10 Hz) has been implicated in the selection of to-be-attended targets, but there is lack of empirical evidence for its involvement in the suppression of to-be-ignored distractors. Here, we use electroencephalography recordings ofN= 33 human participants (males and females) to test the preregistered hypothesis that alpha power directly relates to distractor suppression and thus operates independently from target selection. In an auditory spatial pitch discrimination task, we modulated the location (left vs right) of either a target or a distractor tone sequence, while fixing the other in the front. When the distractor was fixed in the front, alpha power relatively decreased contralaterally to the target and increased ipsilaterally. Most importantly, when the target was fixed in the front, alpha lateralization reversed in direction for the suppression of distractors on the left versus right. These data show that target-selection-independent alpha power modulation is involved in distractor suppression. Although both lateralized alpha responses for selection and for suppression proved reliable, they were uncorrelated and distractor-related alpha power emerged from more anterior, frontal cortical regions. Lending functional significance to suppression-related alpha oscillations, alpha lateralization at the individual, single-trial level was predictive of behavioral accuracy. These results fuel a renewed look at neurobiological accounts of selection-independent suppressive filtering in attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough well established models of attention rest on the assumption that irrelevant sensory information is filtered out, the neural implementation of such a filter mechanism is unclear. Using an auditory attention task that decouples target selection from distractor suppression, we demonstrate that two sign-reversed lateralized alpha responses reflect target selection versus distractor suppression. Critically, these alpha responses are reliable, independent of each other, and generated in more anterior, frontal regions for suppression versus selection. Prediction of single-trial task performance from alpha modulation after stimulus onset agrees with the view that alpha modulation bears direct functional relevance as a neural implementation of attention. Results demonstrate that the neurobiological foundation of attention implies a selection-independent alpha oscillatory mechanism to suppress distraction.
Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Kampmann Freja B , Thuesen Anne Cathrine B , Hjort Line , Bjerregaard Anne A , Chavarro Jorge E , Frystyk Jan , Bjerre Mette , Tetens Inge , Olsen Sjurdur F , Vaag Allan A , Damm Peter , Grunnet Louise G 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposure to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposity and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence.

Design and methods
The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9–16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays.

Results
GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22–55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: −1.2, −0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: −47%, −12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concentrations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage.

Conclusions
GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.
Measurement and correlation of solubility of ethylparaben in pure and binary solvents and thermodynamic properties of solution
Authors: Romero Nieto Alba Miledy , Cerquera Nestor E. , Delgado Daniel Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

Solubility data of bioactive compound such as ethylparaben (EtP) are important for the scientific and community. Therefore, in present study, solubility, solution thermodynamics and solute-solvent interactions (at molecular level) of EtP in nine cosolvent mixtures (1-propanol {n-PrOH) (1) + methanol (MeOH) (2)} including pure solvent (methanol and 1-propanol) at three different temperatures, i.e. (T =283.2 K, 298.2 K, and 313.2 K) and constant pressure (p = 0.1 MPa) were studied. Experimental solubility of EtP (expressed in mole fraction) was observed highest in n-PrOH at 313.2 K, so, mole fraction solubility of EtP (x3) increases when temperature arises and increases with n-PrOH proportion increasing. Ideal solubilities of EtP were estimated using their thermal parameters at three different temperatures. Ideal solubilities of EtP were observed similar to experimental solubilities of EtP at each temperature. With the help of ideal solubilities of EtP, activity coefficients were estimated. Based on estimated values of activity coefficients, highest interactions at molecular level were observed in rich-MeOH mixtures. Apparent thermodynamic analysis data showed endothermic and enthalpy-driven dissolution of EtP in each solvent and mixture studied. Solubility behavior was adequately correlated by means of the van’t Hoff and Yalkowsky-Roseman models combined.
FDA Approval Summary: Ruxolitinib for Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Przepiorka Donna , Luo Lola , Subramaniam Sriram , Qiu Junshan , Gudi Ramadevi , Cunningham Lea C. , Nie Lei , Leong Ruby , Ma Lian , Sheth Christopher , Deisseroth Albert , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn May 24, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved ruxolitinib for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. Approval was based on Study INCB 18424-271 (REACH-1; NCT02953678), an open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial that included 49 patients with grades 2–4 SR-aGVHD occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ruxolitinib was administered at 5 mg twice daily, with dose increases to 10 mg twice daily permitted after 3 days in the absence of toxicity. The Day-28 overall response rate was 57.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.2–71.2). The median duration of response was 0.5 months (95% CI: 0.3–2.7), and the median time from Day-28 response to either death or need for new therapy for acute GVHD was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.2 to not estimable). Common adverse reactions included anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, infections, edema, bleeding, and elevated transaminases. Ruxolitinib is the first drug approved for treatment of SR-aGVHD.
Classification of Local Seismic Events in the Utah Region: A Comparison of Amplitude Ratio Methods with a Spectrogram‐Based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Tibi Rigobert , Linville Lisa , Young Christopher , Brogan Ronald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe capability to discriminate low‐magnitude earthquakes from low‐yield anthropogenic sources, both detectable only at local distances, is of increasing interest to the event monitoring community. We used a dataset of seismic events in Utah recorded during a 14‐day period (1–14 January 2011) by the University of Utah Seismic Stations network to perform a comparative study of event classification at local scale using amplitude ratio (AR) methods and a machine learning (ML) approach. The event catalog consists of 7377 events with magnitudes MC ranging from −2 and lower up to 5.8. Events were subdivided into six populations based on location and source type: tectonic earthquakes (TEs), mining‐induced events (MIEs), and mining blasts from four known mines (WMB, SMB, LMB, and CQB). The AR approach jointly exploits Pg‐to‐Sg phase ARs and Rg‐to‐Sg spectral ARs in multivariate quadratic discriminant functions and was able to classify 370 events with high signal quality from the three groups with sufficient size (TE, MIE, and SMB). For that subset of the events, the method achieved success rates between about 80% and 90%. The ML approach used trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the populations. The CNN approach was able to classify the subset of events with accuracies between about 91% and 98%. Because the neural network approach does not have a minimum signal quality requirement, we applied it to the entire event catalog, including the abundant extremely low-magnitude events, and achieved accuracies of about 94%–100%. We compare the AR and ML methodologies using a broad set of criteria and conclude that a major advantage to ML methods is their robustness to low signal‐to‐noise ratio data, allowing them to classify significantly smaller events.
Assessment of Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen in non-metastatic Prostate Cancerpatients: across-sectional study of the Sudanese Population
Authors: Hashim Mohammed Othman , Modawe Gad Allah , Ibrahim Ibrahim Khider 
Published: October 2019

Backgrounds: VonWillebrand disease (VWD) is reportedly the most common inherited bleeding disorder and can also arise as an acquired syndrome (AVWS). These disorders arise due to defects and/or deficiency of the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF)..High plasma vWF concentrations have been reported in patients with various types of cancer, such as prostatic cancer.Metastasization may be associated with activation of haemostatic processes resulting in increased levels of circulating factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) (von Willebrand factor antigen).
Objective: To evaluate the status of VWF AginSudanese patients with Prostate Cancer attending RICK
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Khartoum state at Khartoum oncology (RICK) hospital, during the period from April to June 2018, 45 samples were collected from patients with non-metastatic CA prostate, their ages ranged between 51 to 82 years. The vWF level was measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS).

Results: Serology for vWF antigen was done for 45 cases of prostate cancer. According to the age, 2(8%) of patients with age 51-66 had a high concentration of VWF while 24(92%) had normal vWF antigen concentration; of those with age 67-82 years, 4(21%) had high vWF antigen and 15(79%) had normal antigen.
Conclusion: The study revealedthat more than 80% of Sudanese patients withnon-metastatic prostate cancer have anormal concentration of VWF.
Keywords: vWF, Prostate cancer, Age, ELISA
Quantitative Analysis of Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Sudanese Snuff Dippers
Authors: Alsanousi Abdel Azim , Ahmed Abdel Raouf , Modawe GadAllah 
Published: October 2019

Background: Oral cancer in Sudan has high incidence rate due to the use of Toombak , a home- made smokeless tobacco, rich in tobacco specific nitrosamines .There have been calls for continuous monitoring on toombak users to discover very early the carcinogenic changes to avoid mortality, and morbidity.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess technically, and financially affordable methodologies, that are reliable, reproducible, sensitive, specific and cost effective valid for use in mass screening amongst the high risk groups. (The toombak users).The present study was done to evaluate the levels of copper, zinc and magnesium in serum of toombak dippers.
Materials and Methods: The levels of copper, zinc, and magnesium were estimated in the serum of 150 toombak dippers . The values were compared with 50 normal age matched, healthy control subjects and 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Results: There was significant difference of the mean serum copper, zinc, and magnesium levels of toombak dippers when compared to the normal controls. In oral cancer patients there was significant difference in the copper, zinc, and magnesium levels. Copper level was found increased gradually starting from control through toombak dippers to oral squamous cell carcinoma patients , while the level of zinc and magnesium was found decreased in the same sequence.
Conclusion: Serum may be used as a potential diagnostic tool, which can be efficiently employed to evaluate the copper, zinc and magnesium levels in Sudanese snuff dippers for population based mass screening .Serum trace elements levels could be used as potential diagnostic markers for early changes caused by toombak dipping.
Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, copper, magnesiumm , zinc, oral squamous cell carcinoma, tobacco specific nitrosamines, serum , toombak.
Assessment of the necessity of routine lumber puncture among children with fever and convulsions
Authors: Osman Nader Mutwakel , Gai James Peter Garkuoth 
Published: October 2019

The routine investigation of doing lumbar puncture in patient with febrile convulsion is increasing practiced in many hospital.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the necessity of routine lumbar puncture (LP) to diagnose meningitis in children who present with fever and convulsions.
Methods:
This is an observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, carried out in Mohammed AL-Amin Hamid pediatrics hospital-Omdurman Sudan, during the period from the first of January through 31 July 2018. It involved all (146) children aged 5 months to 6years , who presented with fever and convulsions, undergone lumbar puncture, and parents signed written informed consents. Children with known neurological diseases were excluded from this study. Data collected included, age, gender, convulsions type and duration, post-ictal state, routine vaccination status, general condition, recent antibiotics use, past history of fever and convulsions, temperature degree, signs of meningeal irritation, and conscious level. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results:
The result revealed that total number of 146 children, male were 62% (n=91), female were 38% (n=55). 5-11 months 35.6% (n=52) 1-3years 43.8% (n=64), and 4-6 years 20.6% (n=30). About 80% of the patients were younger than 4 years of age. Convulsion was generalized in 97.9%, lasted less than 15 minutes in 99.3%, spontaneously aborted in 94.5%, post-ictal state was brief in 88.4%, first attack in 98.6%, and there was no family history in 97.3%,p=0.000. There was no neck stiffness and photophobia in 92.5% and 98.6% respectively, p=0.000. Patients general condition were well in 76.7% and toxic in 23.3%. Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) color was clear in 97% and turbid in 3% of patients. CSF white cells was less than 5 in 93.8%, and CSF sugar and protein were normal in 97.3% and 96.6 % respectively, p=0.000. CSF culture was negative for all patients, and almost all (97%, n=141) of the patients were diagnosed as febrile convulsions and sent home, compared to 3% (n=5) who were diagnosed clinically as meningitis.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that, CSF culture was negative for all patients, and almost all were diagnosed as febrile convulsions. However, 5 patients were diagnosed clinically as meningitis. Hence, this findings, challenge the routine lumbar puncture in children who present with fever and convulsion.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FINANCIAL FACTORS IN ASSET PRICING: THE CASE OF INDONESIAN MARKET
Authors: Aryani Sinta , Kaderi Wiryono Sudarso , P. Koesrindartoto Deddy 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: The study shows how the financial factor of Leverage affects the empirical model of asset pricing together with other financial factors, i.e. Size, Book to Market, Operating Profit, and Investment. The contribution of Leverage in asset pricing will be tested, and its effect will be shown in the excess return of the asset.
Methodology: The methodology used in this paper is based on the Fama and French model of asset pricing with additional factors added in the model. Data processing follows the Fama-Mc Beth procedure. Data comes from the Indonesian Stock Market, which consists of more than 500 stocks for ten years period of observation.
Main Findings: The financial factor of Leverage affects the empirical model of asset pricing together with, i.e. Size, Book to Market, Operating Profit, and Investment. All the financial factors in the model are stationary around their mean, or they are non-stationary due to unit-roots. All the independents' variables have P-Value less than 10%.
Implications: This study will be useful for financial investors in building an effective portfolio stock investment. By applying this model to their portfolio investment, the investors could effectively manage their portfolio return. On the management side, managing their financing structure, e.g. Leverage is the objective of the firm to maximize returns of the firms.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The empirical research with the involvement of the financial factor of Leverage has not been performed in Indonesia. The Leverage as the single factor of asset pricing has been considered as a significant financial factor for asset pricing, however, how the Leverage contributes to asset pricing compares to other financial factors has not examined yet.
ANTI-CORRUPTION THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Yurevich Epihin Alexander , Aleksandrovich Zaitsev Oleg , Pavlovna Grishina Ekaterina , Viktorovich Mishin Andrey , Isaevna Aliyeva Gulnar 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: In article current trends of application of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation in compliance with the purpose of criminal legal proceedings and in the context of counteraction corruption and prevention of abuse of the law of the officials who are carrying out criminal prosecution and judicial review and permission of criminal cases are stated.
Methodology: In the course of the research of problematic issues and statements of the material of the article the dialectic, comparative and legal, law modeling, logical, inductive and deductive methods were used.
Result: As shows investigative and judicial practicians there are enough the facts of unreasonable initiation of legal proceedings concerning businessmen, with an application of measures of criminal procedure coercion (arrest on the property, blocking of bank accounts and so forth) which result is crash of firm. Change of territorial jurisdiction of consideration of the case of another region by the court is directed to the elimination of a possibility of rendering an impact on objectivity of adjudication. Casual distribution of participation of the lawyer in a criminal case to a destination (when he has to be present surely for protection of the defendant) promotes impartiality of realization of the function of protection in pre-judicial production. The intention of the legislator to enter the obligatory video protocol of court session is directed to a performance by all participants of the process of legal instructions and duties will eliminate possible manifestations of corruption character by officials.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Anti-Corruption The Criminal Procedure Legislation of Russia is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
CONFESSIONAL GROUPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN: IDENTITY AND FEATURES OF ITS DESIGN
Authors: Alekseevna Titova Tatyana , Valeryevna Frolova Elena , Gennadievna Gushchina Elena , Alina Andreevna Kadyrova 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The relevance of the problem is caused by the need for a comprehensive study of interfaith group attitudes in multiethnic and polyconfessional regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategies of constructing identity in the environment of religious groups in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017 - 2018.
Methodology: The Leading approach to the study of this problem is a multi-paradigm methodology. The article gives a comparative description of the world outlook of the three studied groups -Muslims, Orthodox, and Atheists. Special attention is paid to the analysis of mechanisms of religious socialization and transmission of religious values.
Result: It is concluded that Muslims attach more importance to the implementation of religious rites and practices; the family is considered the main agent of religious socialization, they are more characterized by the position of "religion is not chosen." The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists, as well as representatives of bodies and structures in charge of interethnic and interreligious interaction.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Confessional groups in the Republic of Tatarstan: identity and features of its design are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.