bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Specific, Single‐step Cancer Cell Isolation with Multi‐Aptamer‐Mediated Proximity Ligation on Live Cell Membranes
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Zhao Yumeng , Xu Kangli , Zhang Chao , Ma Qian , Qi Liqing , Chao Dandan , Zheng Tingting , Yang Linlin , Miao Yanyan , Han Da 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA single‐step method for isolation of specific cells based on multiple surface markers will have unique advantages because of its scalability, efficacy, and mildness. Herein, we developed multi‐aptamer‐mediated proximity ligation method on live cell membranes that leverages a multi‐receptor co‐recognition design for enhanced specificity, as well as a robust in situ signal amplification design for improved sensitivity of cell isolation. We demonstrated the promising efficacy of our method on differentiating tumor cell subtypes in both cell mixtures and clinical samples. Owing to its simple and fast operation with excellent cell isolation sensitivity and accuracy, this approach will have broad applications in biological science, biomedical engineering, and personalized medicine.
Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation for Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Xue Yudong , Wang Yunting , Pan Zhenhua , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a green fuel and oxidant, has drawn increasing attention in the energy and environmental research. Compared with the traditional anthraquinone process, the electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) syntheses of H2O2 are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly. In order to construct membraneless EC/PEC devices for the full H2O2 synthesis, anodic H2O2 production by water oxidation, which is less developed than cathodic H2O2 generation, is highly desirable. Here, we review recent developments for the EC/PEC H2O2 production by water oxidation, including fundamental aspects, benchmarking activity evaluation, material/catalyst selection, and strategies for increasing selectivity, efficiency, and accumulation. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and outlook of water oxidation for H2O2 production, especially device‐level development, accumulation and stability, and industrial applications. Our review is intended to stimulate studies further improving EC/PEC H2O2 production.
Bonding Energetics of Palladium Amido/Aryloxide Complexes in DMSO: Implications for Palladium‐Mediated Aniline Activation
Authors: Wu Jun‐Yan , Li Zhen , Yang Jin‐Dong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThermodynamic knowledge of the metal–ligand (M−L) σ‐bond strength is crucial to understanding metal‐mediated transformations. Here, we developed a method for determining the Pd−X (X=OR and NHAr) bond heterolysis energies (ΔGhet(Pd−X)) in DMSO taking [(tmeda)PdArX] (tmeda=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) as the model complexes. The ΔGhet(Pd−X) scales span a range of 2.6–9.0 kcal mol−1 for ΔGhet(Pd−O) values and of 14.5–19.5 kcal mol−1 for ΔGhet(Pd−N) values, respectively, implying a facile heterolytic detachment of the Pd ligands. Structure‐reactivity analyses of a modeling Pd‐mediated X−H bond activation reveal that the M−X bond metathesis is dominated by differences of the X−H and Pd−X bond strengths, the former being more influential. The ΔGhet(Pd−X) and pKa(X−H) parameters enable regulation of reaction thermodynamics and chemoselectivity and diagnosing the probability of aniline activation with Pd−X complexes.
Total Synthesis of Liangshanone
Authors: Huang Hong‐Xiu , Mi Fen , Li Chunxin , He Huan , Wang Feng‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Qin Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe first total synthesis of liangshanone, a hexacyclic ent‐kaurane diterpenoid alkaloid, has been completed. Its intricate cagelike framework was assembled through several key transformations, including an oxidative dearomatization/Diels–Alder (OD/DA) cycloaddition sequence, a tandem alkene cleavage/Mannich cyclization, a Robinson‐type annulation, and an intramolecular aldol reaction. Notably, an organocatalytic enantioselective α‐hydroxymethylation process allowed the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched tricyclic intermediate that should enable asymmetric access to the target natural product.
High‐Voltage Rechargeable Alkali–Acid Zn–PbO2 Hybrid Battery
Authors: Xu Yunpeng , Cai Pingwei , Chen Kai , Ding Yichun , Chen Long , Chen Weifan , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted attention owning to their advantages of safety, low cost, and sustainability, while the limited electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of water leads to their failure in competition with organic‐based lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, we report an alkali–acid Zn–PbO2 hybrid aqueous battery obtained by coupling an alkaline Zn anode with an acidic PbO2 cathode. It shows the capability to deliver an impressively high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 3.09 V and an operate voltage of 2.95 V at 5 mA cm−2, thanks to the contribution of expanding the voltage window and the electrochemical neutralization energy from the alkali–acid asymmetric‐electrolyte hybrid cell. The hybrid battery can potentially deliver a large area capacity over 2 mAh cm−2 or a high energy density of 252.39 Wh kg−1 and shows almost no fading in area capacity over 250 charge–discharge cycles.
Biomimetic Approach for Highly Selective Artificial Water Channels Based on Tubular Pillar[5]arene Dimers
Authors: Strilets Dmytro , Fa Shixin , Hardiagon Arthur , Baaden Marc , Ogoshi Tomoki , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial water channels mimicking natural aquaporins (AQPs) can be used for selective and fast transport of water. Here, we quantify the transport performances of peralkyl‐carboxylate‐pillar[5]arenes dimers in bilayer membranes. They can transport ≈107 water molecules/channel/second, within one order of magnitude of the transport rates of AQPs, rejecting Na+ and K+ cations. The dimers have a tubular structure, superposing pillar[5]arene pores of 5 Å diameter with twisted carboxy‐phenyl pores of 2.8 Å diameter. This biomimetic platform, with variable pore dimensions within the same structure, offers size restriction reminiscent of natural proteins. It allows water molecules to selectively transit and prevents bigger hydrated cations from passing through the 2.8 Å pore. Molecular simulations prove that dimeric or multimeric honeycomb aggregates are stable in the membrane and form water pathways through the bilayer. Over time, a significant shift of the upper vs. lower layer occurs initiating new unexpected water permeation events through toroidal pores.
Carbon‐Carbon Coupling on Inert Surfaces by Deposition of En Route Generated Aryl Radicals
Authors: Galeotti Gianluca , Fritton Massimo , Lackinger Markus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo facilitate C−C coupling in on‐surface synthesis on inert surfaces, we devised a radical deposition source (RDS) for the direct deposition of aryl radicals onto arbitrary substrates. Its core piece is a heated reactive drift tube through which halogenated precursors are deposited and en route converted into radicals. For the proof of concept we study 4,4′′‐diiodo‐p‐terphenyl (DITP) precursors on iodine‐passivated metal surfaces. Deposition with the RDS at room temperature results in highly regular structures comprised of mostly monomeric (terphenyl) or dimeric (sexiphenyl) biradicals. Mild heating activates progressive C−C coupling into more extended molecular wires. These structures are distinctly different from the self‐assemblies observed upon conventional deposition of intact DITP. Direct deposition of radicals renders substrate reactivity unnecessary, thereby paving the road for synthesis on application‐relevant inert surfaces.
Enzyme Processing of Soy Flour with Minimized Protein Loss
Authors: Islam S. M. Mahfuzul , Loman Abdullah A. , Li Qian , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe enzymatic treatment of defatted soy flour (SF) to reduce indigestible carbohydrates can result in undesirable protein loss. Here protein loss was minimized with quantitation of the effects of ionic strength (IS), protease activity, and SF toasting. At the enzyme processing condition (25% w/v SF, 50 °C, pH 4.8, 48 hours), protein loss increased linearly with the IS in enzyme broths (EB); e.g., contacting untoasted SF with water or heat‐deactivated EB showed protein loss of 28% in water but up to 40% when IS was increased in the range of 0.04–0.19 M. Protein loss also increased with protease in EB (nondeactivated): after adjusted for IS‐related loss, approximately 10% and 25% additional protein loss occurred in EB of 73 and 490–557 U/(g SF) protease, respectively. SDS‐PAGE results showed that proteolysis was not extensive, mainly on β‐conglycinin α'/α and glycinin acidic 37‐kDa subunits; and most of the proteolytic products could be recovered by heat‐induced precipitation. SF toasting effects were studied, particularly at 2‐hours 160°C, with material balances, protein distributions, and monosaccharide yields in hydrolysates. Overall, protein loss was minimized to 5.2% and the conversion of carbohydrate to monomeric sugars increased to 89.2%.
Babassu Biodiesel Doped with Antioxidants: Assessment of Thermo‐Oxidative Stability by Borchardt and Daniels Method
Authors: de Mesquita Figueredo Igor , Tavares de Luna Francisco Murilo , Loureiro Cavalcante Célio , de Sousa Rios Maria Alexsandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, three antioxidants namely N,N′‐di‐sec‐butyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (PDA), 2,4,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylphenol/2,6‐Di‐tert‐butylphenol (IONOL), and unsaturated cardanol (U‐CDN) were added to babassu biodiesel (BB) at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1 to improve its oxidative stability. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the oxidative stability of the samples using synthetic air atmosphere and two temperatures (25 and 110 °C) instead of the conventional Rancimat method. The kinetic parameters were calculated according to Borchardt and Daniels method (ASTM E2041). All doped samples showed higher thermo‐oxidative stability when compared to pure babassu biodiesel with increasing activation energies of 66.5% for PDA, 19.4% for IONOL, and 3.9% for U‐CDN. At 25 °C, the babassu biodiesel showed a high oxidation reaction rate of 1.76 × 10−15 min−1. For the doped samples at the same temperature, that rate was reduced by a factor of 2, 200, and 3 × 108 times for U‐CDN, IONOL, and PDA, respectively. At 110 °C, the BB and the BB + U‐CDN samples showed high reaction rates, whereas the formulations with IONOL and PDA had rates reduced by 10 and 7.4 × 103 times, respectively. The thermal data showed R2 values higher than 0.99. All results confirmed the action of the antioxidants in retarding oxidation reactions in biodiesel. DSC is a promising alternative method for the determination of oxidative stability of biodiesel and its formulations with antioxidants.
A thermally reversible healing EPDM based elastomer with higher tensile properties and damping properties
Authors: Xiong Chengtian , Li Xiaoqing , He Hezhi , Xue Bin , Wang Yi , Li Jiqian , Zhu Zhiwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the disadvantages of lower tensile strength and fracture toughness, the widely application of Ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer rubber (EPDM) has been limited. In this study, a thermally reversible healing EPDM based elastomer with H‐bonding and Zn‐based‐bonding dynamic cross‐link network was prepared. The influence of mole ratio of ATA/MAH on tensile strength and fracture energy of mEPDM0‐xATA was investigated. The results showed that increasing the content of ATA brings about a gradual improvement in tensile strength of the mEPDM0‐xATA. Especially when the mole ratio of ATA/MAH is 1, the fracture energy of mEPDM0‐ATA is dramatically enhanced to 33.9 MJ/m3, which is best among the ratios studied in our research. After curing, the effect of ZnCl2 content on tensile strength and fracture energy of mEPDM‐ATA‐nZn was also studied. Meanwhile, the uniaxial cyclic loading‐unloading tensile test was used to study the viscous damping properties of mEPDM‐ATA‐0.4Zn, which showed reversible repair properties after heat treatment. The results of dynamic rheological measurement showed that the damping properties were improved.
Synthesis and characteristics of pectiniform polyurethane‐modified polycarboxylate and its effects on behavior of cement paste
Authors: Xiang Shuncheng , Gao Yingli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this research, two kinds of polycarboxylate (M‐PCE and O‐PCE) with the same degree of polymerization in side chains but different main chains were synthesized via a radical polymerization reaction at room temperature. Along with two commercial polycarboxylates (C‐PCE‐1 and C‐PCE‐2), their properties on adsorption, hydration, zeta potential, liquid surface tension, and flowability of cement pastes were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of M‐PCE on the surface of cement particles increased 14.1% and the adsorption rate increased 24% compared with C‐PCEs. Furthermore, three polycarboxylates (O‐PCE, C‐PCE‐1, and C‐PCE‐2) exhibited a delayed effect on the hydration of cement due to the shielding effect of their chain alkyl groups, meanwhile the hydration of the cementitious materials by the M‐PCE was not delayed but promoted because of its incomplete hydrolysis of the siloxane. As a result of the higher adsorption amount, M‐PCE with siloxane groups exhibited favorable effects in terms of zeta potential, liquid surface tension, and flowability of cement pastes.
Synergistic flame retardant effect of piperazine salt and ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardant system for polypropylene
Authors: Pan Yingtong , Luo Zhonglin , Wang Biaobing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmino trimethylene phosphonic acid piperazine (ATPIP)salt, as a novel charring agent, is prepared via a simple ionic reaction in distilled water using amino trimethylene phosphate (ATMP) and piperazine as raw materials. The synergistic flame retardant effect of ATPIP and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) is investigated by various characterization and testing methods. The results show that the polypropylene (PP)/modified APP with piperazine (MAPP)/ATPIP ternary blend passes UL‐94 V‐0 rating and achieve a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30% at a loading level of 25 wt% IFR (MAPP:ATPIP = 3:1). Meanwhile, the total smoke production (TSP) value of IFR‐PP samples is 3.3 m2, which decreases by 93.2% compared with that of pure PP, exhibiting excellent smoke suppression performance. Besides, the analysis of gaseous pyrolysis products and char residue indicates that the IFR‐PP samples show a synergistic flame‐retardant mechanism including the gas phase and the condensed phase.
The effect of graphene flake size on the properties of graphene‐based polymer composite films
Authors: Tarhini Ali , Tehrani‐Bagha Ali , Kazan Michel , Grady Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the role of graphene flake size on the properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) composites was studied. Graphene flakes were added to PVDF‐HFP using a solution mixing and molding process. By increasing graphene particle size and its concentration in the composites, higher electrical conductivity, in‐plane thermal conductivity, and elastic modulus were achieved. Maximum tensile strength was obtained for the composites with average graphene flake size of 2, 5, and 7 μm at graphene concentrations of 10 wt%, 5 wt%, and 20 wt%, respectively. Thick flexible composite films (0.2–0.4 mm) with ultra‐high in‐plane electrical conductivity (~4500 S/m), in‐plane thermal conductivity (~26 W/m/K), and tensile strength (~50 MPa) were obtained for the samples containing the graphene flakes with a larger average particle size of 7 μm. To our knowledge, the first two values are larger than any other values reported in the literature for PVDF‐based composites.
Attaining low percolation threshold in conductive polypropylene/nitrile rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates using carbon nanotube
Authors: de Alencar Padua Gabino Alessandra , Soares Bluma Guenther , Silva Adriana Anjos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrically conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) based on polypropylene (PP)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blends loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. CNT was incorporated into the system using two different mixing sequences: (i) one‐step method, by adding CNT after the PP and NBR and (ii) two‐steps method involving a previous PP/CNT master batch. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the morphology of the nanocomposites. Dynamic‐mechanical analysis and rheological properties were also used for characterizing the TPV and TPE samples. Both mixing strategies favored the location of the CNT inside the PP phase. The one‐step approach resulted in a percolation threshold as low as 0.19 vol% with conductivity value of 0.04 S m−1 for the system loaded with only 0.50 vol% of CNT. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and microwave absorbing properties were evaluated in the X‐band frequency range. The TPV samples prepared by both methods displayed an overall electromagnetic attenuation of around 70%.
Fabrication of hybrid proton‐exchange membranes using a brandnew high temperature ionic liquid as charge transporting and clay modifier
Authors: Rubio Arias Jose Jonathan , Bento Sabrina dos Santos , Vieira Marques Maria de Fátima , Gomes Ailton de Souza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe search for more compatibility between ionic liquids (ILs) and polymer matrices in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is one of the ways in which IL leaking from proton‐exchange membranes could be minimized. In this work, it is presented the synthesis of an aromatic high temperature ionic liquid (HTIL), which, incorporated into an aromatic matrix such as sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK), is expected to diminish the IL leaking that normally affects PEMFC. Phenylethylammonium trifluoromethane sulfonate (PhetaTfO) was successfully synthesized and characterized. Its melting point of 88°C makes it to classify as a HTIL and it was employed as modifier of natural Montmorillonite, forming the phenylethylammonium intercalated montmorillonite (MmtPheta) and thus, ternary membranes containing PhetaTfO, MmtPheta, and sPEEK were prepared and characterized. Immersion tests demonstrated a higher compatibility of PhetaTfO with matrix when compared to the reference DemaTfO, which was reflected in up to 30% lower IL loss by the synthesized IL than the DemaTfO; X‐rays diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrated that the modified clay was properly dispersed inside the membranes, while dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) results indicated a strong plasticizer effect along the increase of PhetaTfO content inside the membrane, while at the same time, the conductivity increased in an exponential manner, which permitted to identify an empiric exponential equation to evaluate the effect of concentration on ionic conductivity. The maximum conductivity obtained at IL concentrations of around 38 wt% was 0.2 mS/cm. It could expect high ionic conductivities of 10 mS/cm when the concentration of this IL is 60%; nevertheless, in order to achieve that, crosslinking treatments should be done to give the membranes enough mechanical resistance.
Preparation of composite anion exchange membranes based on in‐situ copolymerization of N‐vinyl formamide and divinylbenzene in porous PTFE
Authors: Luo Wanjie , Wang Lulu , Feng Ruijiang , Zhao Chongfeng , Wang Jilin , Cai Tianzhou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of composite anion exchange membranes was synthesized via in‐situ copolymerization of various ratios N‐vinyl formamide (NVF) and divinylbenzene (DVB), supported by porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer matrix, and followed by alkaline hydrolysis, and quaternization of the composite membranes with epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC). FTIR and SEM analyses revealed that the composite membranes were successfully prepared. Moreover, the hydrophilic property of the composite membrane improved by introduction of the quaternized poly(NVF‐co‐DVB) copolymer. Water uptake, swelling ratio, and conductivity showed upward trends by increase of NVF amount. The copolymer with 95% of NVF showed the highest elongation at break (102%, room temperature) and conductivity (5.15 × 10−2 S/cm, 80°C). After immersion of the PNDB95%‐N membrane in 5 mol/L NaOH solution for 96 h at room temperature, the conductivity (60°C) of the membrane decreased to 3.99 × 10−2 S/cm. Moreover, the membrane registered weight loss under 4.5%, caused by degradation of the quaternary ammonium groups in NaOH solution. All in all, in 3 mol/L methanol solutions, the composite membranes showed permeability ranging from 7.6% to 19.7%, if compared to the Nafion®‐115 membrane, showing good alcohol resistance.
Surfactant‐free synthesis of poly (styrene‐co‐acrylamide) monodisperse nanoparticles using hybrid flow‐to‐batch chemistry
Authors: Antoniv Marta , Chang Sehoon , Al‐Jabri Nouf , Zhu S. Sherry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have demonstrated a hybrid flow‐to‐batch process for synthesizing monodisperse poly(styrene‐co‐acrylamide) nanoparticles via a surfactant‐free emulsion radical polymerization. The flow‐to‐batch synthesized nanoparticles have a smaller average particle size, tighter particle size distribution, higher molecular weight, and lower molecular weight distribution compared to conventionally batch‐synthesized nanoparticles. Our results also indicate that the flow‐to‐batch synthesized nanoparticles have more hydrophilic acrylamide segments on the particle surface than the batch‐synthesized nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that a flow synthesis process can improve the quality of nanoparticles due to the efficient mixing and heat transfer in a flow reactor and simplify the scale up of nanoparticle synthesis in a conventional chemistry lab.
Preparation and characterization of modified castor oil via photo‐click chemistry forUV‐curable waterborne polyurethane with enhanced water resistance and low conductive percolation threshold
Authors: Dai Mengwei , Song Pan , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA castor oil (CO) was modified via thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction between CO and 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, with the conversion of CC bonds of CO over 99% based on1HNMR spectra. The obtained modified castor oil (MCO) was used as a biobased polyol to prepare waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions. The modification of CO exhibited a great effect on the properties of WPU dispersions and coatings, and an obvious change is the improvement of the water resistance of WPU coatings. WPU dispersions with MCO had good storage stability. A WPU coating with 7% MCO had high surface hydrophobicity, and its water absorption was as low as 3.2%. Conductive carbon black filled WPU coatings with MCO were cured by efficient UV radiation, and their conductive percolation threshold could decrease to 0.76%, which could be attributed to the well filler dispersion and strong filler‐polymer interaction. The WPU dispersions are ecofriendly, and can be used to produce biobased WPU coatings with a great application potential in antistatic coating fields.