bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Museum Workers Must Listen Carefully to What Our Community is Saying During Demonstrations and Unrest
Authors: Jackson Reggie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe author discusses the ongoing disturbances around the USA that have come about since the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers, the latest in a long line of similar cases in recent years that has inflamed sentiment about the need to reform policing around the USA. This letter from a docent advocates for museums to take on the role of storyteller to help their publics understand the connections between past oppressions and current police brutality. The author claims that museums play an essential role in public education and a vital role in the formation of visitor identities. Museums have always been places for learn about ourselves and contextualize the past while understanding the present. Museums are now well placed to provide the information that their publics miss in traditional formal school history curricula, and are ideally suited to provide safe places to tackle difficult discussions around race.
Racism, Unrest, and the Role of the Museum Field: A Conversation at the American Alliance of Museums Virtual Annual Meeting (2020)
Authors: Cole Johnnetta B. , Bunch Lonnie G. , Fogarty Lori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the midst of a nation‐wide shutdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and just prior to the American Alliance of Museums (AAM’s) Virtual Annual Meeting (May 18 and June 1‐4, 2020), a 46‐year old Black American, George Perry Floyd, Jr., was suffocated under the knee of a white police officer, while that officer’s three colleagues stood by, on the streets of Minneapolis, MN in the United States. A bystander’s video of Mr. Floyd’s pleas to breathe and cries to his late mother went viral around the world. The event triggered a global civic uprising, with weeks of sustained nationwide and global protests against systemic racism and police brutality under the Blacks Lives Matter movement’s name. To provide support and give direction to the museum community, AAM added a General Session to their Virtual Annual Meeting program, “Racism, Unrest, and the Role of the Museum Field,” structured as a conversation between Johnnetta B. Cole, Lonnie G. Bunch III and Lori Fogarty. In addressing “what could and should be our role as museum professionals in the struggle against systemic racism?” they emphasized the importance of the United States effectively confronting issues of race and racial violence and our museums to recognize that museums have been built on the power of white people over people of color, and particularly Black people. They encouraged museums to help “find truth, find insight, find nuance,” since they are “better suited than most to define reality and give hope.” The discussants urged museums, whose missions are based in stories, objects, and heritage, to be part of and to heed their communities’ call for action and, first and foremost, to be places for people and “whose missions are about imagining a better future.”
Heart, COVID‐19, and echocardiography
Authors: Capotosto Lidia , Nguyen Bich Lien , Ciardi Maria Rosaria , Mastroianni Claudio , Vitarelli Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) mainly consist of respiratory symptoms, a severe cardiovascular damage may occur. Moreover, previous studies reported a correlation of cardiovascular metabolic diseases with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and actually, many COVID‐19 patients show comorbidities (systemic hypertension, cardio‐cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes) and have a raised risk of death. The purpose of this review is to focus the cardiovascular effects of 2019‐nCoV on the base of the most recent specific literature and previous learnings from SARS and MERS and analyze the potential role of echocardiography during the current critical period and short‐ and long‐term follow‐up.
An individual‐based model for the eco‐evolutionary emergence of bipartite interaction networks
Authors: Maliet Odile , Loeuille Nicolas , Morlon Hélène 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow ecological interaction networks emerge on evolutionary time scales remains unclear. Here we build an individual‐based eco‐evolutionary model for the emergence of mutualistic, antagonistic and neutral bipartite interaction networks. Exploring networks evolved under these scenarios, we find three main results. First, antagonistic interactions tend to foster species and trait diversity, while mutualistic interactions reduce diversity. Second, antagonistic interactors evolve higher specialisation, which results in networks that are often more modular than neutral ones; resource species in these networks often display phylogenetic conservatism in interaction partners. Third, mutualistic interactions lead to networks that are more nested than neutral ones, with low phylogenetic conservatism in interaction partners. These results tend to match overall empirical trends, demonstrating that structures of empirical networks that have most often been explained by ecological processes can result from an evolutionary emergence. Our model contributes to the ongoing effort of better integrating ecological interactions and macroevolution.
Arthroscopic evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx
Authors: James Frances M. , Smith Matthew R. W. , Wright Ian M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFractures of the proximal phalanx are one of the most common long bone fractures of Thoroughbred racehorses. Although the degree of disruption and damage to the articular surface is generally considered a major prognostic determinant, associated arthroscopic findings have not previously been reported.ObjectivesTo describe the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joint lesions associated with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx arthroscopically identified at the time of fracture repair and compare radiographic and arthroscopic appearance of complete fractures.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsCase records and arthroscopic images of horses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx admitted to Newmarket Equine Hospital from 2007 to 2017 were analysed.Results81 MCP/MTP joints in 78 horses underwent arthroscopic evaluation concurrent to parasagittal fracture repair. Tears of the joint capsule and dorsal synovial plica were noted in 43 cases. Arthroscopy identified articular incongruity in three horses where fracture displacement was not predicted at all on pre‐operative radiographs, and incongruity in additional plane(s) to the radiographic displacement in 14 horses. Concurrent osteochondral fragmentation and disruption of cartilage were present in some cases.Main limitationsAs a retrospective study, the arthroscopic data available for review were variable. Arthroscopic assessment of fracture reduction and joint congruency was evaluated in all cases but there was variation in the completeness of evaluation of the entire dorsal joint space of the fetlock joint. This may have led to the underestimation of soft tissue lesions in these cases.ConclusionsSome horses suffering from parasagittal proximal phalanx fractures have concurrent tearing of the joint capsule and/or dorsal plica, which may have relevance in the acute course of events resulting in the development of fractures. Fracture displacement and incongruency at the articular surface cannot confidently be excluded pre‐operatively by radiographs alone.
Stratum corneum lipidomics analysis reveals altered ceramide profile in atopic dermatitis patients across body sites with correlated changes in skin microbiome
Authors: Emmert Hila , Baurecht Hansjörg , Thielking Frederieke , Stölzl Dora , Rodriguez Elke , Harder Inken , Proksch Ehrhardt , Weidinger Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is driven by the interplay between a dysfunctional epidermal barrier and a skewed cutaneous immune dysregulation. As part of the complex skin barrier dysfunction, abnormalities in lipid organization and microbiome composition have been described. We set out to systematically investigate the composition of the stratum corneum lipidome, skin microbiome and skin physiology parameters at three different body sites in patients with AD and healthy volunteers.MethodsWe analysed tape strips from different body areas obtained from 10 adults with AD and 10 healthy volunteers matched for FLG mutation status for 361 skin lipid species using the Metabolon mass spectrometry platform. 16S rRNA data were available from all probands.ResultsOur study showed that the lipid composition differs significantly between body sites and between AD patients and healthy individuals. Ceramide species NS was significantly higher in AD patients compared to healthy volunteers and was also higher in AD patients with a FLG mutation compared to AD patients without a FLG mutation. The correlation analysis of skin lipid alterations with the microbiome showed that Staphylococcus colonization in AD is positively correlated with ceramide subspecies AS, ADS, NS and NDS.ConclusionThis is the first study to reveal site‐specific lipid alterations and correlations with the skin microbiome in AD.
Reunification in Custodial Grandfamilies: An Examination of Resilient Family Processes
Authors: Dolbin‐MacNab Megan L. , Smith Gregory C. , Hayslip Bert 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined how custodial grandmothers navigated the process of their grandchildren being reunified with a biological parent.BackgroundPrior research has focused on factors associated with unsuccessful reunification instead of resilient family processes that may support successful reunification. How custodial grandfamilies navigate reunification has not been examined, despite their unique relational configuration and grandparents' frequent involvement in raising their grandchildren.MethodGuided by Walsh's model of family resilience, semistructured, in‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 17 grandmothers whose custodial grandchildren had been reunified with a biological parent. Data analysis was guided by grounded theory methodology.ResultsGrandmothers believed in parents fulfilling their obligations, prioritizing grandchildren's needs, and coping via their faith. Grandmothers supported reunified parents and children by providing emotional support and instrumental assistance, while maintaining clear role boundaries. Accessing resources and engaging in open family communication were helpful to the reunification, although there were still challenges in navigating family relationships.ConclusionWithin custodial grandfamilies, not all reunifications were a positive outcome for the grandchildren. Grandmothers remained heavily involved in supporting and monitoring the reunifications, with the quality of the grandmother–parent relationship being paramount.ImplicationsPractitioners should address family dynamics when working with custodial grandfamilies before, during, and after a reunification.
A submerged duckweed mutant with abundant starch accumulation for bioethanol production
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Hua , Wang Yu , Tang Xianfeng , He Guo , Wang Shumin , Ma Yubin , Kong Yingzhen , Yu Changjiang , Zhou Gongke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuckweed is one kind of promising bioenergy plant with prominent advantages such as fast growth rate and high starch content. However, almost all previous studies focused on the natural duckweed germplasms. In this study, heavy‐ion irradiation was used to establish a mutant library of Lemna aequinoctialis 6002, and one mutant named submarine‐1 (sub‐1) was screened, which could accumulate more starch but with smaller granules. Unexpectedly, under proper external growth conditions such as poor nutritional status and insufficient growth space, sub‐1 mutant would sink underwater due to formation of dense tissue structure and large amount of fine starch particles with the extension of cultivation time. The starch content in the sinking sub‐1 increased to over 45% (dry weight) and was 12% higher than the floating sub‐1, highlighting that submergence can be considered as a spontaneous and efficient indicator for screening of high‐starch duckweed. Additionally, the saccharification efficiency of starch and ethanol yield had increased in sub‐1 mutant compared to the wild type. Based on the unique characteristics of sub‐1 mutant, a cultivation model of submerged duckweed in a simulated aquaculture pond was designed to get more starch‐rich biomass, enabling effective production of renewable bioenergy.
Are signs and symptoms in cardiovascular rehabilitation correlated with heart rate variability? An observational longitudinal study
Authors: Takahashi Carolina , Ribeiro Felipe , Vanzella Laís Manata , Lima Isabelle Maina , Ricci‐Vitor Ana Laura , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques 
Published: September 2020

AimTo analyze the correlation between the appearance of signs/symptoms during a cardiovascular rehabilitation program and linear indexes of the heart rate variability (HRV) at rest.MethodsTo carry out the present observational longitudinal study, 48 patients were analyzed. The protocol was divided into two stages. First, the patients had their personal details collected, and the autonomic modulation at rest was evaluated by HRV. Second, they underwent 36 sessions of the cardiovascular rehabilitation program to evaluate signs/symptoms. Then, just for analysis of the data, they were divided into two groups: the group without signs/symptoms (n = 26; 65.15 ± 9.7 years); and the group with signs/symptoms (n = 22; 66.77 ± 14.4 years). The HRV indexes were compared by ancova. The effect size was measured through the partial eta‐squared. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations (P < 0.05) were used to analyze the data, and linear regression was applied.ResultsA total of 103 signs/symptoms occurred. The group with signs/symptoms presented lower values of HRV indexes when compared with the group without signs/symptoms, especially for the parasympathetic indexes with a large effect size. The root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration >50 ms (pNN50), high‐frequency spectral component (HF) varying from 0.15 to 0.4 Hz (expressed as ms2), dispersion of the points perpendicular to the line of identity and represents the instantaneous record of the beat‐to‐beat variability (SD1) and SD1/scatter of points along the identity line and represents the HRV in long‐term records (SD2) index presented a negative correlation with the appearance of signs/symptoms. When the linear regression was applied, the rMSSD, SD1 and SD1/SD2 showed negative values of β (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with lower HRV are more likely to have signs/symptoms. The rMSSD, pNN50, HF (expressed as ms2), SD1 and SD1/SD2 index presented a negative correlation with the appearance of signs/symptoms. For rMSSD, SD1 and SD1/SD2, the lower the values of these HRV indexes, the greater the risk of appearance of signs/symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 853–859.
Elite bargains and policy priorities in authoritarian regimes: Agenda setting in China under Xi Jinping and Hu Jintao
Authors: Chan Kwan Nok , Lam Wai Fung , Chen Shaowei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat explains agenda outcomes in authoritarian regimes? Existing research attributes policy priorities to either the autocrat's survival needs or the co‐optation of external interests. The former leaves out policy choices beyond the calculus of regime survival; and the latter elite power play that bears more immediately on government priorities than activities at the fringe. We hypothesize that officials working under autocrats who seek co‐optative elite bargains are more likely to prioritize domain‐specific concerns and less inclined to disrupt the status quo than those under leaders who rule with coercion. Our comparison of the Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping administrations of China reveals patterns consistent with these hypotheses: Hu's “steward” leadership is associated with increased agenda inertia and diversity, whereas policy priorities change in greater frequency and converge to a stronger focus under Xi's “strongman” rule. These contrasts are also clearer in policy venues closer to the central leader's direct control.
Serum Gas6 and Axl as non‐invasive biomarkers of advanced histological stage in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Hayashi Manabu , Abe Kazumichi , Fujita Masashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Hashimoto Yuko , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: September 2020

AimAdvanced histological stage is an important factor in individual risk stratification in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Non‐invasive biomarkers for advanced histological stage are needed. We assessed the utility of Gas6 and Axl as biomarkers for advanced histological stage in patients with PBC.MethodsA total of 113 biopsy‐proven PBC patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum Axl and Gas6 were measured using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The Gas6 / albumin ratio and Axl / albumin ratio were also evaluated as biomarkers of histological stage.ResultsSerum Axl (42.6 ng/mL vs. 30.6 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and Gas6 (21.1 ng/mL vs. 18.8 ng/mL, P = 0.007) levels in PBC patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The Axl / albumin ratio was 10.4, and the Gas6 / albumin ratio was 7.6 in patients with PBC. Gas6 and Axl were significantly correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, and platelets. Gas6 and Axl levels in patients with an advanced Scheuer stage and an advanced Nakanuma stage were significantly higher than those in other patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of Axl, Gas6, Axl / albumin, and Gas6 / albumin for diagnosing Scheuer stage 4 was 0.733, 0.837, 0.845, and 0.893, respectively. The AUROC of Axl, Gas6, Axl / albumin, and Gas6 / albumin for diagnosing Nakanuma stage 4 was 0.794, 0.834, 0.869, and 0.898, respectively.ConclusionHigh levels of Gas6 and Axl were associated with advanced histological stage in PBC patients. Furthermore, the Gas6 / albumin ratio and the Axl / albumin ratio showed a high AUROC for diagnosing advanced histological stage.
Tailored pore structures and mechanical properties of porous alumina ceramics prepared with corn cob pore‐forming agent
Authors: Dele‐Afolabi T. T. , Azmah Hanim M. A. , Ojo‐Kupoluyi O. J. , Calin R. , Zuhri M. Y. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the effects of porosity and different particle sizes of pore‐forming agent on the mechanical properties of porous alumina ceramics have been reported. Different grades of porous alumina ceramics were developed using corn cob (CC) of different weight contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) and particle sizes (<63 µm, 63‐125 µm and 125‐250 µm) as the pore‐forming agent. Experimental results showed that total porosity and pore cavity size of the porous alumina ceramics increased with rising addition of CC pore former. Total porosity increased with increasing particle size of CC with the Al2O3‐<63CC5 sample exhibiting the lowest total porosity of 41.3 vol% while the highest total porosity of 68.1 vol% was exhibited by the Al2O3‐125‐250CC20. The particle size effect of CC on the mechanical properties revealed that diametral tensile strength and hardness of the porous alumina ceramics deteriorated with increasing particle size of CC pore former. The Al2O3‐<63CC5 sample exhibited the highest diametral tensile strength and hardness of 25.1 MPa and 768.2 HV, respectively, while Al2O3‐125‐250CC20 exhibited the lowest values of 1.1 MPa and 35.9 HV. Overall, porous alumina ceramics with the smallest pore sizes under each particle size category exhibited superior mechanical properties in their respective categories.
HDAC6‐mediated α‐tubulin deacetylation suppresses autophagy and enhances motility of podocytes in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liang Tiantian , Qi Chunfang , Lai Yuxiong , Xie Jianteng , Wang Huizhen , Zhang Li , Lin Ting , Jv Menglei , Li Jing , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Yifan , Chen Zujiao , Qiu Xueqian , Li Ruizhao , Li Zhilian , Ye Zhiming , Liu Shuangxin , Liang Xinling , Shi Wei , Wang Wenjian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHistone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the specific subtype of HDACs which preferentially located in the cytoplasm, and is crucial in insulin signalling. However, the role of HDAC6 in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains undefined. In current study, we observed that HDAC6 was markedly activated in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic patients and db/db mice with albuminuria, along with the advanced glycation end products (AGE)‐treated podocytes. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 activity protected kidneys from hyperglycaemia in db/db mice. Notably, overexpressing HDAC6 inhibited autophagy and promoted motility aside from the apoptosis of podocytes exposed to AGE. We further determined that HDAC6 regulated the autophagy partially by decreasing the acetylation of α‐tubulin at the residue of lysine 40. In contrast, we confirmed that there was no interaction of HDAC6 with α‐tubulin at the sites of lysine 112 and lysine 352. Consistently, inhibiting HDAC6 by siRNA or the selective inhibitor, tubacin, restored the autophagy level and motility of podocytes and rescued podocytes from AGE stimulation. We provide strong evidence of an unexpected role of HDAC6 in the cascade that modulates podocytes autophagy and motility, enlightening that HDAC6 may be a promising therapeutic target for DN treatment.
Pyrophosphate therapy prevents trauma‐induced calcification in the mouse model of neurogenic heterotopic ossification
Authors: Tőkési Natália , Kozák Eszter , Fülöp Krisztina , Dedinszki Dóra , Hegedűs Nikolett , Király Bálint , Szigeti Krisztián , Ajtay Kitti , Jakus Zoltán , Zaworski Jeremy , Letavernier Emmanuel , Pomozi Viola , Váradi András 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrauma‐induced calcification is the pathological consequence of complex injuries which often affect the central nervous system and other parts of the body simultaneously. We demonstrated by an animal model recapitulating the calcification of the above condition that adrenaline transmits the stress signal of brain injury to the calcifying tissues. We have also found that although the level of plasma pyrophosphate, the endogenous inhibitor of calcification, was normal in calcifying animals, it could not counteract the acute calcification. However, externally added pyrophosphate inhibited calcification even when it was administered after the complex injuries. Our finding suggests a potentially powerful clinical intervention of calcification triggered by polytrauma injuries which has no effective treatment.