bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online measurement of dissolved carbon monoxide concentrations reveals critical operating conditions in gas fermentation experiments
Authors: Mann Marcel , Miebach Katharina , Büchs Jochen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSyngas fermentation is one possible contributor to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The conversion of industrial waste gas streams containing CO or H2, which are usually combusted, directly reduces the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Additionally, other carbon‐containing waste streams can be gasified, making them accessible for microbial conversion into platform chemicals. However, there is still a lack of detailed process understanding, as online monitoring of dissolved gas concentrations is currently not possible. Several studies have demonstrated growth inhibition of Clostridium ljungdahlii at high CO concentrations in the headspace. However, growth is not inhibited by the CO concentration in the headspace, but by the dissolved carbon monoxide tension (DCOT). The DCOT depends on the CO concentration in the headspace, CO transfer rate, and biomass concentration. Hence, the measurement of the DCOT is a superior method to investigate the toxic effects of CO on microbial fermentation. Since CO is a component of syngas, a detailed understanding is crucial. In this study, a newly developed measurement setup is presented that allows sterile online measurement of the DCOT. In an abiotic experiment, the functionality of the measurement principle was demonstrated for various CO concentrations in the gas supply (0%–40%) and various agitation rates (300–1100 min−1). In continuous stirred tank reactor fermentation experiments, the measurement showed reliable results. The production of ethanol and 2,3‐butanediol increased with increasing DCOT. Moreover, a critical DCOT was identified, leading to the inhibition of the culture. Thus, the reported online measurement method is beneficial for process understanding. In future processes, it can be used for closed‐loop fermentation control.
Clinical features, MRI, and 18F‐FDG‐PET in differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease from multiple system atrophy
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zhang Benshu , Gao Shuo , Li Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to differentiate the variations in the clinical characteristics, MRI irregularity, and glucose metabolism on 18F‐FDG‐PET for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD), MSA with predominant Parkinsonism (MSA‐P), and MSA with predominant cerebellar features (MSA‐C).MethodsThirty PD patients, 22 MSA‐P patients, and 28 MSA‐C patients received an MRI and 20 PD patients, 11 MSA‐P patients, and 13 MSA‐C patients received 18F‐FDG‐PET.ResultsFirstly, we found that the clinical data presented a tremor at rest, bradykinesia, and postural instability that was predominated in PD (100%), MSA‐P (86.4%), and MSA‐C (53.6%) patients, respectively. Then, we used MRI analyses and found that putamina atrophy and hyperintensive rim (T2WI) were characteristic features in MSA‐P and cerebellar atrophy, the “hot cross bun” sign and signal rise in the middle cerebellar peduncle were more obvious in MSA‐C. To further explore the distinctions among the 3 diseases, we also used 18F‐FDG‐PET technology for our examination and found a decrease in glucose metabolism in the parietal area for Parkinson's Disease (PD), in the bilateral putamen for MSA‐P, and in the bilateral cerebellum for MSA‐C.ConclusionThis study identified the distinctive features of the clinic symptoms, MRI irregularity, and glucose metabolism on 18F‐FDG‐PET, which provided a new basis for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD), MSA with predominant Parkinsonism (MSA‐P), and MSA with predominant cerebellar features (MSA‐C).
Financial inclusion dynamics in Southeast Asia: An empirical investigation on three countries
Authors: Esquivias Miguel A. , Sethi Narayan , Ramandha Muhammad Daffa , Jayanti Ari Dwi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the determinants of financial inclusion in Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines (VIP). We employ a probit model to the World Bank's Global Findex Dataset of 2017. The analysis compares individuals' access to formal and informal financial services, savings, and credit tools, considering individual socioeconomic characteristics. The study finds significant gaps in financial access between individuals based on gender, age, income, education, location, and job status. Indonesia made more considerable improvements in financial inclusion than the Philippines and Vietnam. Access to savings and credit in the VIP remain low, mainly favoring adults, higher earners, formally employed, and the more educated ones. Females in the VIP have a higher likelihood to be financially included than males, they are more likely to hold savings accounts, to participate in informal finance, while they perceived fewer barriers to formal banking. Formal and informal services coexist in the VIP, while formal financial services often exclude the less privileged. Lack of money, high cost of finance, and perception of financial services as unnecessary are the largest obstacles to inclusion in the VIP, being more burdensome for low‐income and less‐educated people. Mobile banking services have developed yet leave the less‐fortunate people unserved. Age plays a vital role in savings and credit behavior, with the VIP missing to ensure access for young people to services.
Response surface methodology optimization of polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Burkholderia cepacia BPT1213 using waste glycerol from palm oil‐based biodiesel production
Authors: Mohd Zain Nor Fauziah , Paramasivam Murugan , Tan Joo Shun , Lim Vuanghao , Lee Chee Keong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe feasibility of using waste glycerol from the biodiesel industry for biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Burkholderia cepacia BPT1213 was evaluated. Culture conditions were optimized by growing B. cepacia BPT1213 in mineral salt medium supplemented with 2% waste glycerol in a 2.5 L bioreactor. Response surface methodology was used to determine the influence of aeration rate (0.6–1.8 vvm), agitation speed (100–300 rpm), and cultivation period (48–72 hr) on PHA production. The optimum conditions for the growth and PHA accumulation were 1.5 vvm, 300 rpm, and 72 hr, with predicted values of 5.08 g/L cell dry weight (CDW), 66.07% PHA content, and 3.35 g/L total PHA concentration. Using these conditions, the experimental system produced 5.63 g/L of CDW with 64.00% wt/wt PHA content, which is threefold higher PHA concentration (3.60 g/L) compared to the non‐optimized conditions. The melting temperature (Tm) of purified PHA was 173.45 ± 1.05°C. In conclusion, the statistical approach was significantly increased the PHA production using waste glycerol as the sole carbon source.
Developing UGC social brand engagement model: Insights from diverse consumers
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ozuem Wilson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the social influence of user‐generated content (UGC) to create social brand engagement (SBE) through social media has become a topic of major interest for both academics and marketers since the birth of online social networking. This study explores the social interaction of social media users (SMUs) involving brand‐related UGC, and the outcomes of this study show how SMUs' social interaction through UGC generates SBE in a fashion retail context. There is inadequate understanding regarding what the social motivational contexts of social actors are; these social motivational contexts can play a role in the social generation, exchange, and consumption of fashion brand‐related UGC. The present study intends to develop a UGC SBE model using the diverse insights of the customers of fashion brands. The present study opted for a social constructionist epistemological position using a qualitative research method. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in the UK with 32 customers of fashion brands. Findings highlighted that social responsibility, sharing experience, staying connected and updated, and reward sharing are the major motivational factors that lead to the generation, exchange, and consumption of UGC that would create SBE. Also, the findings revealed the SMUs, as social actors, who played a significant role in generating SBE through their social interaction with UGC in everyday life: frequent SMUs, celebrities, opinion leaders, and product users. Most importantly, it was found that expert opinion influence as identification and crowd opinion were recognised as internalisation social influencing factors that generate SBE. This study proposes a holistic conceptualisation in a “UGC SBE model” by considering: (a) the identification and (b) the internalisation types of social influence of UGC with respect to fashion brand engagement.
NOMENCLATURE/ACRONYMS

SMUs
social media users

UGC
user‐generated content

UK
United Kingdom

NVivo
navigating viewpoints, images, and value observed

SBE
social brand engagement
Green Algae as a Drug Delivery System for the Controlled Release of Antibiotics
Authors: Shchelik Inga S. , Sieber Simon , Gademann Karl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew strategies to efficiently treat bacterial infections are crucial to circumvent the increase of resistant strains and to mitigate side effects during treatment. Skin and soft tissue infections represent one of the areas suffering the most from these resistant strains. We developed a new drug delivery system composed of the green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is generally recognized as safe, to target specifically skin diseases. A two‐step functionalization strategy was used to chemically modify the algae with the antibiotic vancomycin. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was found to mask vancomycin and the insertion of a photocleavable linker was used for the release of the antibiotic. This living drug carrier was evaluated in presence of Bacillus subtilis and, only upon UVA1‐mediated release, growth inhibition of bacteria was observed. These results represent one of the first examples of a living organism used as a drug delivery system for the release of an antibiotic by UVA1‐irradiation.
Synthesis of Fluoro‐, Monofluoromethyl‐, Difluoromethyl‐, and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Three‐Membered Rings
Authors: Decaens Jonathan , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Charette André B. , Poisson Thomas , Jubault Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis Minireview describes recent advances toward the synthesis of fluoro‐, monofluoromethyl‐, difluoromethyl‐, and trifluoromethyl‐substituted three‐membered rings such as cyclopropanes, aziridines, epoxides, episulfides, cyclopropenes, and 2 H‐azirines. The main synthetic methodologies since 2016 for cyclopropanes and since 2010 for the other three‐membered rings are reported.
Rx‐COSMO‐CAMPD: Enhancing Reactions by Integrated Computer‐Aided Design of Solvents and Processes based on Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Gertig Christoph , Fleitmann Lorenz , Schilling Johannes , Leonhard Kai , Bardow André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolvents strongly affect reaction‐based chemical processes. Process design, therefore, needs to integrate solvent design. For this purpose, the integrated computer‐aided molecular and process design (CAMPD) method Rx‐COSMO‐CAMPD is proposed. It employs a hybrid optimization scheme combining a genetic algorithm to explore the molecular design space with gradient‐based optimization of the process. To overcome limitations of molecular design based on group‐contribution methods, reaction kinetics and thermodynamic properties are predicted using advanced quantum‐chemical methods. Rx‐COSMO‐CAMPD is demonstrated in a case study of a carbamate‐cleavage process where promising solvents are designed efficiently. The results show that the integrated solvent and process design with Rx‐COSMO‐CAMPD outperforms computer‐aided molecular design without process optimization in the identification of solvents that enable optimal process performance.
Effect of Bulky Functional Groups on Donor and Acceptor Interactions and their Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Woon Kai Lin , Mustapa Siti Aisyah Syaerah , Mohd Jamel Nor Shafiq , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Zakaria Muhammad Zhafran , Ariffin Azhar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaterial designs that use donor and acceptor units are often found in organic optoelectronic devices. Molecular level insight into the interactions between donors and acceptors are crucial for understanding how such interactions can modify the optical properties of the organic optoelectronic materials. In this paper, tris(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)amine (pTPA) was synthesized as a donor in order to compare with unmodified triphenylamine (TPA) in a donor–acceptor system by having 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ) as an acceptor. Dimerization of donors and acceptors occurred in solvent when the concentration of solute is high. At 0 K, using a polarizable continuum model, the nitrogen atom of TPA is found to stack on top of the center of triazine of TRZ, whereas such alignment is offset in pTPA and TRZ. We attributed such alignment in TPA‐TRZ as the result of attractive interactions between partial localization of 2pz electrons at the nitrogen atom of TPA and the π deficiency of triazine in TPA‐TRZ. By taking into account random motions of the solvent effect at 300 K in quantum molecular dynamics and classical molecular dynamics simulations to interpret the marked difference in emission spectra between TPA‐TRZ and pTPA‐TRZ, it was revealed that the attractive interaction between pTPA and TRZ in toluene is weaker than TPA and TRZ. Because of the weaker attractive interaction between pTPA and TRZ in toluene, the dimers adopted numerous ground state conformations resulting in broad emission bands superimposed with multiple small Gaussian peaks. This is in contrast to TPA‐TRZ which has only one dominant dimer conformation. This study demonstrates that the strength of intermolecular interactions between donors and acceptors should be taken into consideration in designing supramolecular structures.
A Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofurans via Visible‐Light‐Induced Tandem Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Disulfides
Authors: Li Xuezhi , Xu Zhaoliang , Wang Lei , Wang Fang , Yang Jianguo , Li Pinhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient visible‐light‐induced tandem cyclization of 1,6‐enynes with disulfides for the synthesis of functionalized benzofurans was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly under metal‐free conditions at room temperature in air, providing the desired products in good yields with wide functional group tolerance.
Giant cell‐rich extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: Cytological findings and differential diagnosis of a rare neoplasm
Authors: Ronchi Andrea , Cozzolino Immacolata , Montella Marco , Donadio Anna , Motta Gaetano , Franco Renato , Palombini Lucio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtrapleural solitary fibrous tumor (ESFT) is a rare neoplasm with a variable biological behavior that may occur almost everywhere in the body, as it has been reported in head and neck, back, retroperitoneum, inguinal region and more. The diagnosis of ESFT may be challenging, especially in case of its morphological rare variants such as giant cell‐rich ESFT. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, poorly invasive, safe diagnostic technique, which is recently proving useful for the preoperative diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms. Herein we report a case of a FNAC diagnosis of giant cell‐rich ESFT, focusing on its morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics, and showing how cytology may be an effective tool in the preoperative diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms, allowing the correct surgical management of the patient.
Features and long‐term outcomes of patients hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Michaelis Michal , Shochat Tzippy , Shimon Ilan , Akirov Amit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication characterized by hyperglycaemia, ketones in blood or urine, and acidosis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize features of patients hospitalized for DKA, to identify triggers for DKA and to evaluate the long‐term effects of DKA on glycaemic control, complications of diabetes, re‐hospitalizations, and mortality.MethodsHistorical prospectively collected data of patients hospitalized to medical wards for DKA between 2011 and 2017. Data regarding comorbidities, mortality, triggers, and re‐hospitalizations for DKA were also collected.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 160 patients (mean age 38 ± 18 years, 43% male). One fifth of the patients (34 patients, 21%) were newly diagnosed with diabetes, and DKA was their first presentation of the disease. Among the 126 patients with pre‐existing diabetes, the common identified triggers for DKA were poor compliance to treatment (22%) and infectious diseases (18%). During over 7 years of follow‐up, mortality rate was 9% (15 patients), and re‐hospitalization for DKA rate was 31% (50 patients). Risk factors for re‐hospitalization for DKA included young age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.00–1.04), pre‐existing diabetes compared to DKA as the first presentation (OR = 5.4, 95% CI, 1.7–18), and poorer glycaemic control before initial hospitalization (10.5 ± 2.5% vs. 9.4 ± 2.2%; OR = 0.8, 95% CI [0.68‐0.96]) and after discharge (10.3 ± 2.4% vs. 9.0 ± 1.9%; OR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.61–0.87]). Laboratory tests during the initial hospitalization, smoking, alcohol, or comorbidities did not increase the risk for re‐hospitalization for DKA.ConclusionsThe risk for readmission for DKA is higher for young patients with long duration of diabetes, poor compliance of insulin treatment and poorly controlled diabetes.
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in Gasoline Samples Employing a Chemically Modified Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) Composite Electrode
Authors: de Oliveira Grasielli C. , Vicentino Priscila O. , Cassella Ricardo J. , Xing Yutao T. , Ponzio Eduardo A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA composite electrode based on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and graphite chemically modified with a bismuth film (AGCE‐BiF) was applied for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in gasoline samples. Extraction induced by microemulsion breaking (EIMB) was used for the first time in the preparation of the samples for electroanalysis. AGCE‐BiF was characterized by SEM, AFM, CV, and SWASV. The sensor showed an increase in sensitivity via in situ modification with bismuth film. The LOD was 4 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and 2 μg L−1 for Pb2+. The results showed satisfactory recoveries and precision, being statistically compatible to those obtained with FAAS.
Electrochemical Detection of Tetracycline on Highly Sensitive Benzene Sourced CVD Graphene‐Gold Nanoparticles Nanointerfaces
Authors: Olugbenga Osikoya Adeniyi , Poomani Govender Penny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of sensitive, fast and efficient nanointerfaces as platforms for electrochemical sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutant including antibiotic pollutant has become a matter of priority for public safety. We report herein a benzene sourced graphene‐gold nanoparticle sensor for the detection of tetracycline using chronoamperometry. Structural analysis using Raman Spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the presense of few‐layer graphene. Atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization results confirmed the synthesized graphene to be thin flat sheet‐like material with wide surface area and a thickness of less than 1 nm. Cyclic voltammetry characterization of the fabricated modified electrodes showed diffusion controlled process for the oxidation of tetracycline. The modified electrode exhibited a fast response to the detection of tetracycline and a sensitivity of 1,86×102 μA/mM/cm2.The theoretical detection limit (S/N=3) was 1,60×10−1 μM and the linear dynamic range was from 2,90×101 μM to 1.53×103 μM.
Carbon Encapsulated Ternary Mn−Ni−Co Oxide Nanoparticles as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Heliso Dolla Tarekegn , Lawal Isiaka A. , Billing Dave G. , Pruessner Karin , Ndungu Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTernary transition metal oxides are promising advanced materials for use as electrode components in electrochemical energy storage systems. However, low electronic/ionic conductivity hinder practical applications. In this study, ternary Mn−Ni−Co oxide nanoparticles were encapsulated in carbon nanosheets, to improve the electrical conductivity and surface area. When tested as supercapacitor electrodes, the materials exhibited specific capacity of 91.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 2 M KOH. Moreover, after 3000 cycles the composite achieved a specific capacity of 74.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 6 A g−1 and high capacitance retention of 96.4 %.
Choline Oxidase Based Composite ZrO2@AuNPs with Cu2O@MnO2 Platform for Signal Enhancing the Choline Biosensors
Authors: Ouiram Tik , Moonla Chochanon , Preechaworapun Anchana , Muangpil Sairoong , Maneeprakorn Weerakanya , Tangkuaram Tanin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel metal composite material based on zirconium dioxide decorated gold nanoparticles (ZrO2@AuNPs), copper (I) oxide at manganese (IV) oxide (Cu2O@MnO2) and immobilized choline oxidase (ChOx) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (ChOx/Cu2O@MnO2‐ZrO2@AuNPs/GCE) has been developed for enhancing the electro‐catalytic property, sensitivity and stability of the amperometric choline biosensor. The ChOx/Cu2O@MnO2‐ZrO2@AuNPs/GCE displayed an excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of the byproduct H2O2 from the choline catalyzed reaction, which exhibited a charge transfer rate constant (Ks) of 0.97 s−1, a diffusion coefficient value (D) of 4.50×10−6 cm2 s−1, an electroactive surface area (Ae) of 0.97 cm2 and a surface concentration (γ) of 0.54×10−8 mol cm−2. The modified electrode also provided a wide linear range of choline concentration from 0.5 to 1,000.0 μM with good sensitivity (97.4 μA cm−2 mM−1) and low detection limit (0.3 μM). The apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant was found to be 0.08 mM with Imax of 0.67 μA. This choline biosensor presented high repeatability (%RSD=2.9, n=5), excellent reproducibility (%RSD=2.9, n=5), long time of use (n=28 with %I>50.0 %) and good selectivity without interfering effects from possible electroactive species such as ascorbic acid, aspirin, amoxicillin, caffeine, dopamine, glucose, sucrose and uric acid. This optimal method was successfully applied for choline measurement in prepared human blood samples which demonstrated accurate and excellent reliability in the recovery range from 96.7 to 102.0 %.