bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual bacterial detection rates after primary culture as determined by secondary culture and rapid testing in platelet components: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Walker Brandon S. , White Sandra K. , Schmidt Robert L. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary culture alone was a bacterial risk control strategy intended to facilitate interdiction of contaminated platelets (PLTs). A September 2019 FDA guidance includes secondary testing options to enhance safety. Our objective was to use meta‐analysis to determine residual contamination risk after primary culture using secondary culture and rapid testing.Study Design and MethodsA December 2019 literature search identified articles on PLT bacterial detection rates using primary culture and a secondary testing method. We used meta‐analysis to estimate secondary testing detection rates after a negative primary culture. We evaluated collection method, sample volume, sample time, and study date as potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThe search identified 6102 articles; 16 were included for meta‐analysis. Of these, 12 used culture and five used rapid testing as a secondary testing method. Meta‐analysis was based on a total of 103 968 components tested by secondary culture and 114 697 by rapid testing. The residual detection rate using secondary culture (DRSC) was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.24‐0.6) per 1000 components, while residual detection rate using rapid testing (DRRT) was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.01‐0.25) per 1000 components. Primary culture detection rate was the only statistically significant source of heterogeneity.ConclusionWe evaluated bacterial detection rates after primary culture using rapid testing and secondary culture. These results provide a lower and upper bound on real‐world residual clinical risk because these methods are designed to detect high‐level exposures or any level of exposure, respectively. Rapid testing may miss some harmful exposures and secondary culture may identify some clinically insignificant exposures.
Extensive Parametric Study of Cooling Performance of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger in Hot Semi-Arid Climate
Authors: Mahach Hassan , Benhamou Brahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work aims to provide some design guidelines for Earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHX) in hot semi-arid climates. An extensive parametric study in the context of the soil properties and hot climate of Marrakech (Morocco) is carried out considering all the EAHX design parameters that are the EAHX pipe length, number, diameter, spacing, burying depth, and the airflow velocity. More than 400 of the EAHX parameters’ combinations are studied by carrying out more than 400 dynamic simulations using the well-validated TYPE 460 of TRNSYS. Thermal performances of the EAHX are assessed for the air cooling of the buildings by means of “the maximum cooling efficiency,” which is related to the blown air temperature into the building. The results are presented in terms of charts of the cooling efficiency for two parameters at the same time, while the others were set to their reference values. Useful design guidelines, to get air cooled at a set point temperature, are derived.
The Necessary Condition for a Hard Coating to Strengthen a Coated Sphere
Authors: Chen Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe yield resistance of a coated sphere subjected to normal contact loading is studied based on a finite element analysis. Moderately hard coatings that were omitted in previous literature are considered. A maximum weakening/strengthening effect of minimizing/maximizing the yield resistance is observed to be linked to the transition of yield inception location. The necessary condition for a hard coating to strengthen a coated sphere is proposed. Only hard coatings with yield strength ratio above a threshold value can provide a constructive strengthening effect.
On the Performance of Swing Arm Flapping Turbines
Authors: Arfaoui Benarfaoui , Bouzaher Mohamed Taher , Guerira Belhi , Bensaci Charaf-Eddine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the energy extraction mechanism by means of swing arm turbine. The swing arm turbines have a particular motion pattern. The pure translation motion in the conventional flapping turbine changes based on the swing arm rotation. The laminar flow around a NACA0015 is resolved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The turbine blades are equipped with an oscillating gurney flap for trying to boost the system efficiency. The connected gurney flap oscillates with a given pitching angle. A user-defined function and the sliding dynamic mesh technique available in ansys fluent version 15 are used to adjust both the blade and the flap positions during the turbine flapping cycle. The effects of the swing factor and the flap length on the system performance are provided. It is shown that the suggested strategy of control is able to alter the pressure distribution during both the up stroke and down stroke phases, which changes the blade aerodynamic forces during all the flapping cycle portions and therefore improving the turbine efficiency.
Improving the Toughness of the Weld-Heat-Affected Zone of Cu-Containing Low-Alloy Steel for Offshore Applications by Optimizing Chemical Composition
Authors: Honma Yuta , Sasaki Gen , Hashi Kunihiko , Minami Fumiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Copper-containing low-alloy steel based on the ASTM A707 5L grade is widely used for structural parts of offshore wells. However, it is difficult to stably obtain good weld joint toughness. With this background, this paper focuses on the metallurgical factors controlling the heat-affected zone (HAZ) toughness of A707 modified steel. Potential factors considered are the grain size, the martensite–austenite constituent (M-A), and precipitates. Thus, the purpose was to clarify the effect of M-A and precipitates on HAZ toughness. Furthermore, Cu, Si, and Mn contents, which affect M-A and precipitates generations, were focused on and tried to improve HAZ toughness by optimizing their contents in ASTM A707 steel. The weld test results showed that the toughness of an intercritically coarsened grain HAZ (ICRCGHAZ) was remarkably lower than that of the other heat cycle pattern due to the formation of M-A. It is, therefore, essentially important to suppress the formation of M-A in order to improve toughness in the HAZ of the steel. Therefore, the chemical composition was optimized in an effort to improve HAZ toughness. Copper had no negative influence on the HAZ toughness. It was found that when the Mn and Si contents of the steel decreased, the area fraction of M-A decreased. Consequently, the ICRCG HAZ toughness is improved because the toughness increases with the decrease in the area fraction of M-A. The recommended amounts of Cu, Mn, and Si to ensure HAZ toughness are more than 1.0 wt%, less than 0.6 wt%, and less than 0.1 wt%, respectively.
A Pore-Scale Investigation of the Transient Response of Forced Convection in Porous Media to Inlet Ramp Inputs
Authors: Habib Rabeeah , Yadollahi Bijan , Karimi Nader 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the transient response of forced convection of heat in a reticulated porous medium through taking a pore-scale approach. The thermal system is subject to a ramp disturbance superimposed on the entrance flow temperature/velocity. The developed model consisted of ten cylindrical obstacles aligned in a staggered arrangement with set isothermal boundary conditions. A few types of fluids, along with different values of porosity and Reynolds number, are considered. Assuming a laminar flow, the unsteady Navier Stokes and energy equations are solved numerically. The temporally developing flow and temperature fields as well as the surface-averaged Nusselt numbers are used to explore the transient response of the system. Also, a response lag ratio (RLR) is defined to further characterize the transient response of the system. The results reveal that an increase in amplitude increases the RLR. Nonetheless, an increase in ramp duration decreases the RLR, particularly for high-density fluids. Interestingly, it is found that the Reynolds number has almost negligible effects upon RLR. This study clearly reflects the importance of conducting pore-scale analyses for understanding the transient response of heat convection in porous media.
Multi-Objective Optimization on Vibration and Noise Characteristics of Light Duty Biofuel Powered Engine at Idling Condition Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ashok B. , Jeevanantham A. K. , Prabhu K. , Shirude Pratik M. , Shinde Datta D. , Nadgauda Nikhil S. , Karthick C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lemon peel oil (LPO) is a promising alternative biofuel for diesel engine applications due to its favorable physical and chemical properties. This study deals with combustion, vibration, and noise measurement for diesel engine powered with biofuel blend in the perspective of passenger comfort at engine idle condition. Experimentation is performed using a 20% blend of lemon peel oil with diesel (B20) according to central composite design (CCD) by varying pilot mass (PM), pilot injection timing (PIT), injection pressure, and engine speed (ES). Vibrations at engine crankcase, cylinder head were measured with a triaxial accelerometer along with noise measurement. The output responses for diesel and B20 were compared based on the output from response surface methodology (RSM). The study observed that predominant vibrations at the crankcase level along the lateral direction of the engine influenced by fuel injection pressure (FIP) and engine speed for both test fuels. Engine head vibrations were maximum along with the reciprocating motion of piston for both test fuels and found 7.43% more in case diesel. Engine noise is comparable from both test conditions irrespective of different influencing parameters. An increment of 1.662 J/deg in the heat release rate (HRR) of B20 is observed attributed to a longer ignition delay of B20 fuel. This study concludes that the lemon peel oil blend is compatible to use as an alternate biofuel in a diesel engine with suitable damping techniques for better passenger comfort.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Thermal Analysis of ITER Pressure Suppression Tanks
Authors: Basili Lorenzo , Frano Rosa Lo , Olcese Marco , Sekachev Igor , Aquaro Donato 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present the results of the investigation of the thermal conditions (temperature distribution, heat losses) in the support system of the vapor suppression tank (VST) of the vacuum vessel pressure suppression system (VVPSS), a safety important system of ITER fusion reactor, protecting the vacuum vessel (VV) against overpressures. The VVPSS includes four VSTs of identical volume and installed as two stacked assemblies. The study focuses on the optimization of the design of the thermal insulation at the bottom of the VSTs, interfacing with the basement and also on the identification of the thermal loads at the interface between the tank support and the tank pressure boundary. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the VST has been performed for four different insulation configurations and considering both steady-state and transient loads following accidental conditions. The results of the analysis are used to provide recommendation on the optimum configuration of the thermal insulation. Measures for minimization of the thermal gradient in the critical area of the joint between the tank hemispherical head and support skirt to limit the thermal fatigue on the welds are also suggested.
Supervision, support and professional development for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Ballantyne Neil , Maidment Jane , Hay Kathryn , Walker Shayne 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision and professional development. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing.METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) are, in their first two years of practice, to enter professional social work. A survey of managers/supervisors and NQSWs in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practise of recent graduates was conducted.FINDINGS: Questions about supervision and professional development were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice by supervisors was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional development of NQSWs.IMPLICATIONS: Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention and practitioner wellbeing. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.
The “Hidden Depression” that never really went away
Authors: Eketone Anaru 
Published: August 2020

Covid-19 is a unique conjunction of a serious disease pandemic coupled with a serious economic crisis. I took the opportunity during level four lockdown to catch up on some reading. Two books in particular discussed the previous two named depressions that Aotearoa New Zealand went through. Children of the Poor by John A. Lee (1973) dealt with poverty in Dunedin following the “Long Depression” of the late 19th century and The Slump by Tony Simpson (1990) looked at the lead-up to the “Great Depression”, its effects and its lasting legacy.
Aroha, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga: Social work educators’ reflections on the Covid-19 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jaquiery Nathan , Kaloga Marissa , Wason Susan 
Published: August 2020

The 2020 Covid-19 pandemic which, as at the time of writing, is ongoing throughout the world, has far-reaching implications for the practice of social work. As Aotearoa New Zealand steadily moves towards declaring itself “Covid-free,” it is important to reflect upon and capture the complexities, challenges, and dynamics experienced during the lockdown. As the pandemic continues to expand, front-line experiences can serve to inform decision making and reflection on the future development of the social work profession in a post-Covid world. This article will discuss the experiences of three social work educators at the University of Otago’s Social and Community Work Programme. Each contributor will relate their pandemic teaching and learning experience by aligning it with a Value and Ethical Principle of the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Work Code of Ethics (ANZASW, 2019). Each contributor felt that it was important to capture their experiences during this defining moment in our history and to consider how the nature of relationships may have changed, how boundaries shifted and learning has ensued as we have journeyed through a shared traumatic experience together. “He waka eke noa” (we are all in this together)
Letters of an antifascist. Marianne Angermann to her parents, antifascists in Germany from 22 / 12 / 1935 to 24 / 2 / 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne 
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann was a German biochemist who emigrated to New Zealand in 1948 when her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz David Bielschowsky, took up a position in Dunedin as director of research for the British Empire Cancer Research Fund (today, the New Zealand Cancer Society). This publication focuses on copies of her letters from 1936 which are held in the Hocken Collections at the University of Otago. The letters were written to her parents in Germany (Langenberg and Berlin) from Spain where Marianne had moved to take up a position at the Instituto de investigaciones médicas (Institute of Medical Research) at the invitation of Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz. Her colleagues were drawn from the elite of Spanish scientific researchers and included future Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa de Albornoz. Angermann describes daily life in Madrid and makes references to the country's political tensions as the nation headed towards the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). She also discusses the work undertaken to establish Jiménez Díaz's institute based at the medical faculty on the new Madrid University campus (the Ciudad Universitaria). In November 1936 this facility would become the site of bitter fighting between Republicans and Franco's Nationalist forces. The introduction provides biographical information on Marianne Angermann: her upbringing in the Rhineland, her father's position as mayor of Langenberg, the political turmoil of the 1920s (inflation, French occupation of the Rhineland), her study at the universities of Greifswald and Freiburg, the difficulties faced by women in the field of chemistry, and the fates of her Jewish colleagues and friends when the Nazis seized power in 1933.Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, medical, research, Dunedin, Jews, migration, New Zealand, National Socialism, anti-Semitism, Spain, Spanish Civil War, Madrid, university, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Germany, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanish Republic, Nationalists
Letters of an antifascist. Marianne Angermann to her parents, antifascists in Germany from 2 / 3 / 1936 to 26 / 4 / 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne 
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann was a German biochemist who emigrated to New Zealand in 1948 when her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz David Bielschowsky, took up a position in Dunedin as director of research for the British Empire Cancer Research Fund (today, the New Zealand Cancer Society). This publication focuses on copies of her letters from 1936 which are held in the Hocken Collections at the University of Otago. The letters were written to her parents in Germany (Langenberg and Berlin) from Spain where Marianne had moved to take up a position at the Instituto de investigaciones médicas (Institute of Medical Research) at the invitation of Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz. Her colleagues were drawn from the elite of Spanish scientific researchers and included future Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa de Albornoz. Angermann describes daily life in Madrid and makes references to the country's political tensions as the nation headed towards the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). She also discusses the work undertaken to establish Jiménez Díaz's institute based at the medical faculty on the new Madrid University campus (the Ciudad Universitaria). In November 1936 this facility would become the site of bitter fighting between Republicans and Franco's Nationalist forces. The introduction provides biographical information on Marianne Angermann: her upbringing in the Rhineland, her father's position as mayor of Langenberg, the political turmoil of the 1920s (inflation, French occupation of the Rhineland), her study at the universities of Greifswald and Freiburg, the difficulties faced by women in the field of chemistry, and the fates of her Jewish colleagues and friends when the Nazis seized power in 1933.Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, medical, research, Dunedin, Jews, migration, New Zealand, National Socialism, anti-Semitism, Spain, Spanish Civil War, Madrid, university, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Germany, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanish Republic, Nationalists
Briefe einer Antifaschistin. Marianne Angermann an ihre Eltern, Antifaschisten in Deutschland vom 2. 3. 1936 bis 26. 4. 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne 
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann war eine deutsche Biochemikerin, die, zusammen mit ihrem Ehemann, dem deutsch-jüdischen Arzt Franz David Bielschowsky, 1948 nach Neuseeland auswanderte. Bielschowsky war kurz zuvor als Leiter des British Empire Cancer Research Fund (heute: New Zealand Cancer Society) in Dunedin angestellt worden. Die vorliegende Publikation beschäftigt sich mit Kopien der an ihre Eltern gerichteten Korrespondenz von Marianne Angermann aus dem Jahre 1936, die sich in den Sammlungen der der Universität Otago angeschlossenen Hocken Collections befindet. Angermann hielt sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt in Spanien auf, wohin sie Ende 1935 auf Einladung des renommierten spanischen Mediziners Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz übersiedelte. In ihren Briefen beschreibt Angermann das alltägliche Leben in Madrid und bezieht sich dabei öfter auf die politischen Spannungen in der Zweiten Spanischen Republik, die sich immer schneller auf den verheerenden Bürgerkrieg der Jahre 1936 - 1939 zu bewegte. Sie beschreibt auch ihren Beitrag zu den Vorarbeiten am Institut von Jiménez Díaz, das der medizinischen Fakultät der Madrid Universität (Ciudad Universitaria) angegliedert war und erst Mitte 1936 eröffnet wurde. Im November 1936 wurde die Fakultät zu einem Kriegsschauplatz als dort bittere Kämpfe zwischen Republikanern und in die Hauptstadt eindringenden Nationalisten ausgetragen wurden. In der Einleitung umreißen wir Kindheit, Jugend und Studienjahre von Marianne Angermann: ihren familiären Hintergrund in Sachsen und im Rheinland, die Stellung ihres Vaters als Bürgermeister von Langenberg, den politischen Tumult der 1920er Jahre (Hyperinflation, Besetzung des Rheinlandes), ihr Studium an den Universitäten von Greifswald und Freiburg, ihre beruflichen Schwierigkeiten als promovierte Frau, und das Schicksal ihrer jüdischen Kollegen und Freunde nach der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten 1933. Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, Medizin, Forschung, Dunedin, Neuseeland, Spanien, Bürgerkried, Madrid, Universität, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Deutschland, Langenberg, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanische Republik, Nationalisten
Anterior Reach and Symmetry on the Y-Balance Test are Related to Dorsiflexion Range of Motion but not Single-Limb Balance in Physically Active Young Adults
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , Hoch Johanna M. , Powden Cameron J. , Gabriel Emily H. , Welsch Lauren A. 
Published: August 2020

Background: The anterior reach distance and symmetry of the Y-Balance Test (YBT) has been associated with increased injury risk in collegiate athletes. Examining the influence of dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) and single-limb balance (SLB) on YBT performance may identify underlying factors associated with injury risk. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if YBT anterior reach is related to DROM or SLB in collegiate varsity and club sport athletes. Methods: A convenience sample of 124 university varsity and club sport athletes (females: 99, age: 20.0 ± 1.6 years, height: 168.9 ± 12.5 kg, body mass: 68.8 ± 14.0 kg) completed the anterior direction of the YBT, weight-bearing DROM, and SLB components (firm and foam surface) of the Balance Error Scoring System on both limbs at one testing session. Relative symmetry was calculated by subtracting values of the left limb from the right limb. Results: For the left and right limb, normalized anterior reach distance was moderately correlated to DROM (R = .55, p < .001). Anterior reach distance and symmetry was weakly correlated to SLB and SLB symmetry (R = −.16 to −.03). Conclusion: There was a positive relationship between YBT anterior reach and weight-bearing DROM which was also observed in the between-limb symmetry. However, weak relationships were exhibited between YBT anterior reach and SLB. These findings may be useful for future injury prevention initiatives in athletic settings.