bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Backside Absorbing Layer Microscopy: A New Tool to Study the Optical, Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of 2D Materials
Authors: Jaouen Kevin , Lebon Florian , Jousselme Bruno , Campidelli Stephane , Cornut Renaud , Derycke Vincent 
Published: May 2020

Optical microscopy based on anti-reflective coatings is a simple yet powerful characterization tool which notably allowed the first observation of graphene in 2004 and of other single-layered materials in the following years. Since then, the field of two-dimensional materials has developed rapidly both at the fundamental and applied levels. Yet, these ultrathin materials present inhomogeneities (edges, grain boundaries, defects, multilayers...) which strongly impact their intrinsic (physical, chemical) properties and the performances of the electronic, optoelectronic and energy-conversion devices. The use of local characterization techniques (spectroscopy mapping, scanning probe techniques...) is thus essential. Recently, D. Ausserré et al. introduced a new enhanced-contrast optical microscopy technique, named BALM (Backside Absorbing Layer Microscopy), based on ultrathin (2-5 nm) and strongly light-absorbing (metallic) anti-reflective layers. This talk aims at presenting the remarkable assets of this technique for the study of 2D materials. BALM notably allows observing mono-layered materials with very strong contrast even in the case of transparent ones such as graphene oxide [1]. The inverted microscope geometry allows imaging in solvents so that it is possible to investigate molecular adsorption dynamics on 2D materials in real-time and with extreme sensitivity.[1-2] With its wavelength sensitivity, it can also be used as a precise technique to determine the refractive index and extinction coefficient of TMDCs (MoS2, WS2). But one of the main benefits of BALM comes from its combination to other techniques. We particularly considered the coupling between optical measurements and electrochemistry for which the anti-reflective substrate serves as working electrode. We investigated optically the dynamic of the electrochemical reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO), the electro-grafting of organic layers by diazonium salts reduction on GO and its reduced form (rGO),[3] as well as the intercalation of metallic ions within stacked GO sheets. By combining versatility and high-contrast, BALM is established as a promising tool for the study of 2D materials, especially for the local and in situ characterization of their optical, chemical and electrochemical properties.
[1] S. Campidelli, R. Abou Khachfe, K. Jaouen, J. Monteiller, C. Amra, M. Zerrad, R. Cornut, V. Derycke, D. Ausserré, Backside absorbing layer microscopy: Watching graphene chemistry, Science Advances
3, e1601724 (2017).
[2] K. Jaouen, R. Cornut, D. Ausserré, S. Campidelli, V. Derycke, Ideal optical contrast for 2D materials observation using bi-layer antireflection absorbing substrates, Nanoscale
11, 6129 (2019).
[3] K. Jaouen, F. Lebon, B. Jousselme, S. Campidelli, R. Cornut, V. Derycke, Optical monitoring of diazonium electrografting on gold and graphene oxide using Backside Absorbing Layer Microscopy, submitted.
(Invited) 1D Confinement of Dyes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Photo-Stability and Aggregation Effects
Authors: Gaufres Etienne 
Published: May 2020

The encapsulation of organic molecules inside nanotubes forms a class of nano-heterostructures with optical properties driven by the 1D properties of the nanotube host template.
When confined and aligned inside a carbon nanotube (CNT), organic dyes (e.g. sexithiophene) exhibit for instance a strong Raman signal and a quenched fluorescence by the CNT [1-3]. Here we show that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) having inner diameters between 1 nm to 5 nm provide similar 1D confinement effects with the difference that the BNNTs (Eg~5 eV) preserve the luminescence of the dyes. Experiments on individual and assembly of Dyes@BNNT demonstrate that the walls of the BNNTs provide protection to the dyes against photobleaching under continuous photo-excitation in ambient conditions. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy on Dyes@BNNTs shows ordered aggregation of the encapsulated depending on the BNNT diameter. [4] Finally, fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy on Dyes@BNNTs reveal that the emitted light can be highly polarized along the nanotube axis and that both absorption and emission energies is strongly red-shifted compared to non-encapsulated dyes. That is, a shift as high as 0.8 eV between DPP2 dyes and DPP2@BNNT fluorescence has been observed, which allows a tuning of the dye optical activity from the visible to near-infrared (NIRII).
Work done in collaboration with C. Allard, L. Schué, F. Fossard, G. Recher,R. Nascimento, E. Flahaut, P. Desjardins, R. Martel and A. Loiseau
[1] E. Gaufrès et al Nature Photon. 8, 72-78 (2014)
[2] S. Cambré et al Nature Nano. 10, 248-252 (2015)
[3] E. Gaufrès et al ACS Nano, 10, 11 (2016)
[4] C. Allard et al, submitted and ChemRxiv (2019), https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.8011268.v1
(Invited) Challenges in Quantifying the Purity of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lefebvre Jacques 
Published: May 2020

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNT) sit amongst the most promising nanomaterials for a new generation of electronic devices. Progress towards commercial applications is combined with challenges related to materials development and characterization, fabrication methods as well as device modeling. This talk will focus primarily on the enrichment process and the related ink formulation for printed electronics and integrated circuits. [1] The quality of carbon nanotube ink solutions is closely tied with the rapid feedback provided by optical spectroscopy methods: UV-vis, Raman and fluorescence. [2] I will describe our efforts on improving the material’s assessment when purity exceeds well beyond 99%. [3]

[1] Ding, J.; Li, Z.; Lefebvre, J.; Cheng, F.; Dubey, G.; Zou, S.; Finnie, P.; Hrdina, A.; Scoles, L.; Lopinski, G. P.; Kingston, C. T.; Simard, B.; Malenfant, P. R. L. Enrichment of Large-Diameter Semiconducting SWCNTs by Polyfluorene Extraction for High Network Density Thin Film Transistors. Nanoscale
2014, 6, 2328-2339.
[2] J. Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P.; Fagan, J.; Zheng, M.; Hight Walker, A. R. Metrological Assessment of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Materials by Optical Methods. Handbook of Carbon Nanomaterials 2019, 9, R. B. Weisman and J. Kono editors (World Scientific) ISBN 978-981-3235-45-8.
[3] Lefebvre, J.; Ding, J.; Li, Z.; Finnie, P.; Lopinski, G.; Malenfant, P. R. L. High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Key Enabling Material in Emerging Electronics. Acc. Chem. Res.
2017, 50 (10), 2479-2486.

Figure 1
(Invited) Endohedral Fullerene Hybrids: From Gold Nanoparticles to Graphene
Authors: Porfyrakis Kyriakos 
Published: May 2020

Endohedral fullerenes are at the forefront of nanotechnology due to their rich electronic structure. In this talk I will focus on some examples of endohedral fullerenes used in hybrid nanostructures with other nanomaterials. For example, gold nanoparticles have been found to significantly increase or alternatively quench the photoluminescence of dyes, enhance the Raman scattering of organic molecules and the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. We have reported for the first time the use of the singlet oxygen sensor green for the evaluation of the generation of singlet oxygen from a series of fullerenes (including endohedral fullerenes) and gold nanoparticle hybrids. The C70 mono adducts appear to be more efficient sensitizers compared to C60 in accordance with previous studies that were based on the 1270 nm emission of the singlet oxygen. Lu3N@C80 had a performance somewhat between the two empty cages. Overall, pyrene derivatives appeared to be efficient photo-sensitizers, especially when coupled with gold nanoparticles, with the 2.24 and 3.48 times increase on the fluorescence intensity.
I will also elaborate on how Gd-based metallofullerene (Gd3N@C80) molecules can be used to create single adatoms and nanoclusters on a graphene surface. We have shown that endohedral metallofullerenes can adhere to graphene surfaces at temperatures well above their bulk sublimation point, indicating that the surface bound metallofullerenes have strong adhesion to dangling bonds on graphene surfaces. The ability to create dispersed single Gd adatoms, and Gd nanoclusters on graphene may have impact in spintronics and magnetism.
Endohedral metallofullerenes continue to fascinate us with their versatility and attractive electronic properties.
Modeling the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Irradiation on Overall Survival in NRG Oncology Trial RTOG 0617
Authors: Thor Maria , Deasy Joseph O. , Hu Chen , Gore Elizabeth , Bar-Ad Voichita , Robinson Clifford , Wheatley Matthew , Oh Jung Hun , Bogart Jeffrey , Garces Yolanda I. , Kavadi Vivek S. , Narayan Samir , Iyengar Puneeth , Witt Jacob S. , Welsh James W. , Koprowski Cristopher D. , Larner James M. , Xiao Ying , Bradley Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
To quantitatively predict the impact of cardiopulmonary dose on overall survival (OS) after radiotherapy for locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer.

Experimental Design:
We used the NRG Oncology/RTOG 0617 dataset. The model building procedure was preregistered on a public website. Patients were split between a training and a set-aside validation subset (N = 306/131). The 191 candidate variables covered disease, patient, treatment, and dose-volume characteristics from multiple cardiopulmonary substructures (atria, lung, pericardium, and ventricles), including the minimum dose to the hottest x% volume (Dx%[Gy]), mean dose of the hottest x% (MOHx%[Gy]), and minimum, mean (Mean[Gy]), and maximum dose. The model building was based on Cox regression and given 191 candidate variables; a Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold of 0.0003 was used to identify predictors. To reduce overreliance on the most highly correlated variables, stepwise multivariable analysis (MVA) was repeated on 1000 bootstrapped replicates. Multivariate sets selected in ≥10% of replicates were fit to the training subset and then averaged to generate a final model. In the validation subset, discrimination was assessed using Harrell c-index, and calibration was tested using risk group stratification.

Results:
Four MVA models were identified on bootstrap. The averaged model included atria D45%[Gy], lung Mean[Gy], pericardium MOH55%[Gy], and ventricles MOH5%[Gy]. This model had excellent performance predicting OS in the validation subset (c = 0.89).

Conclusions:
The risk of death due to cardiopulmonary irradiation was accurately modeled, as demonstrated by predictions on the validation subset, and provides guidance on the delivery of safe thoracic radiotherapy.
Da formação de trabalhadores para ingressantes no vestibular
Authors: Vasconcelos Raphael Leon 
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo possui como intenção analisar as transformações dos objetivos pedagógicos do Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo na segunda metade do século XX e início do XXI. De uma escola que visava a formação de trabalhadores para a indústria passou a se tornar cada vez mais preocupada com o acesso ao ensino superior. Se em algumas décadas atrás não estava na missão do Liceu preparar o estudante para o vestibular, no século XXI percebe-se que grande parte da propaganda oficial da escola é o fato dela ser uma das que mais possuem alunos que ingressam nas universidades públicas sem a necessidade de cursinhos. Tudo isso representa alterações na forma como é encarado o ensino e no próprio corpo discente.
Os estudos acerca do Liceu concentram-se muito mais no final do século XIX e início do XX havendo muitos poucos trabalhos que exploram a segunda metade do século XX. O artigo pretende analisar esse momento histórico em que a instituição já tinha apartado o seu setor industrial do seu setor de ensino. Se em um primeiro momento, os alunos estavam associados aos ofícios do artesão e participavam da produção (inclusive tendo a possibilidade de vender os seus próprios produtos para o mercado), nos anos 40 começou haver uma especialização do setor educativo. Este é o período inicial a qual pretendo analisar e a partir dele, compreender as transformações até os dias atuais.
Aplicação do método índice de susceptibilidade para estimativa da susceptibilidade à contaminação na Bacia hidrográfica dos rios Turvo, Santa Rosa e Santo Cristo
Authors: Borba Willian Fernando de , Ruchel Bruna , Menegazzo Kananda Cabral , Peil Leonardo Zuchetto , Rosa Cristiano Niederauer da 
Published: May 2020

Em razão do elevado nível de contaminação das águas superficiais e da consequente diminuição da reserva hídrica potável, os mananciais de águas subterrâneas se mostram uma alternativa para suprir a demanda de água para consumo humano. Em virtude disso, é essencial o monitoramento das fontes potenciais de contaminação que podem afetar a qualidade ou a quantidade de água disponível. Desse modo, este estudo visou identificar potenciais áreas e fontes poluidoras do Sistema Aquífero da Serra Geral na escala da Bacia hidrográfica dos rios Turvo, Santa Rosa e Santo Cristo. Para isso, foi empregada a metodologia do índice de susceptibilidade à contaminação a partir do cruzamento de uma série de variáveis (topografia, uso do solo, material do aquífero, distância até o lençol freático e recarga). Os resultados indicaram que a susceptibilidade variou de muito baixa (4,89% da área) a elevada (0,004%), com predomínio da classe moderada a baixa. Isso indica que a área apresenta condições favoráveis à contaminação em sua maior porção. Destaca-se que grande parte das áreas próximas às zonas urbanas apresentaram elevada susceptibilidade à contaminação. O presente estudo apresenta o alto potencial das ferramentas de geoprocessamento na determinação do índice de susceptibilidade e mapeamento de áreas passíveis de contaminação, capaz de aprimorar a gestão das águas subterrâneas e na elaboração de planos ambientais municipais.
Glucocorticoids Reverse Diluted Hyponatremia Through Inhibiting Arginine Vasopressin Pathway in Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Zhu Xiaoran , Huang Yaomeng , Li Shuyu , Ge Ning , Li Tongxin , Wang Yu , Liu Kunshen , Liu Chao 
Published: May 2020

Background
Arginine vasopressin dependent antidiuresis plays a key role in water‐sodium retention in heart failure. In recent years, the role of glucocorticoids in the control of body fluid homeostasis has been extensively investigated. Glucocorticoid deficiency can activate V2R (vasopressin receptor 2), increase aquaporins expression, and result in hyponatremia, all of which can be reversed by glucocorticoid supplement.

Methods and Results
Heart failure was induced by coronary artery ligation for 8 weeks. A total of 32 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=8/group): sham surgery group, congestive heart failure group, dexamethasone group, and dexamethasone in combination with glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 group. An acute water loading test was administered 6 hours after drug administration. Left ventricular function was measured by a pressure‐volume catheter. Protein expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The pressure‐volume loop analysis showed that dexamethasone improves cardiac function in rats with heart failure. Western blotting confirmed that dexamethasone remarkably reduces the expressions of V2R, aquaporin 2, and aquaporin 3 in the renal‐collecting ducts. As a result of V2R downregulation, the expressions of glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1, apical epithelial sodium channels, and the furosemide‐sensitive Na‐K‐2Cl cotransporter were also downregulated. These favorable effects induced by dexamethasone were mostly abolished by the glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor RU486, indicating that the aforementioned effects are glucocorticoid receptor mediated.

Conclusions
Glucocorticoids can reverse diluted hyponatremia via inhibiting the vasopressin receptor pathway in rats with heart failure.
Fugiendum necne sit in persecutione— Zur rhetorischen Strategie und Disposition von Tertullians Traktat de fuga in persecutione
Authors: Greb Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In his treatise de fuga in persecutione Tertullian argues that flight is not allowed for any Christian in times of persecution. As persecution originates in God and his will, there is no possibility to flee and avoid it. Such a behaviour would be nothing else than apostasy and would result in the loss of eternal life. Only by submitting oneself completely to God and his providence and the guidance of the Holy Spirit (Paraclete) it is possible to endure persecution and fulfil God’s demand for steadfastness. To convince his addressee Fabius, Tertullian gives his treatise a classical rhetorical disposition and arranges his arguments according to the partes orationis. This article investigates the rhetorical substance of the treatise and outlines its disposition as a deliberative speech. It is demonstrated, how Tertullian’s rhetoric influences and strengthens his argumentation.
Les traductions françaises des Commentaires de William Blackstone à la fin du XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle
Authors: Ranieri Filippo 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The numerous translations through which the Commentaries on the Laws of England by William Blackstone – a milestone in the history of the common law – became known in France, and thus contributed for the first time to acquaint French jurists with English law, have been largely neglected by legal historians. The first section of the present contribution introduces the French anglophile visitors to England who, during the second half of the eighteenth century, disseminated the work of William Blackstone and its first translations in France. The biography and work of these first translators require a detailed examination. A second section assesses the influence of these translations, particularly in the legal and political debates on the English trial by jury in the context of revolutionary legislation. A third section considers the later translations of Blackstone’s work during the Napoleonic period and the following years. Finally, a call for further research outlines the impact of that translation literature.
“For them it is just a story, for me it is my life.” Ethnography and the Security Gaze
Authors: de Koning Martijn 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article I reflect upon my own work on Salafism in the Netherlands, particularly with militant activists, in order to think through some of the ethical and methodological dilemmas that arose throughout the research when many of my interlocutors left for Syria to join Jahbat al-Nusra and/or IS(IS). This culminated in my becoming a witness and an Expert Witness at a trial, testifying against several of my known contacts. After introducing this research and outlining my experiences in court, I set out to show how academic knowledge about Salafism and militant activism is used in a process of racialised categorisation and closure. This article contributes to critical reflections on the positionalities of social scientists and of social science in public in a context of racial securitisation and politicisation.
Methodological and Ethical Challenges in Empirical Approaches to Salafism
Authors: Damir-Geilsdorf Sabine , Menzfeld Mira 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The special issue “Empirical Approaches to Salafism: Methodological and Ethical Challenges” addresses urgent methodological and ethical issues in qualitative research on Salafism. The contributing authors discuss these in relation to their fieldwork on Salafi beliefs, practices, life courses and world views. The contributions problematize the limits of the usual academic definitions of Salafism by confronting the conventional categories of quietist, political and jihadist Salafism with first-hand field data. Thereby, the authors show how categorial lines begin to blur and to shift when exposed to the ambiguous and dynamic characteristics that are inherent to virtual and real-life fieldwork with Salafis.
The Dynamics of Vortex Rossby Waves and Secondary Eyewall Development in Hurricane Matthew (2016): New Insights from Radar Measurements
Authors: Guimond Stephen R. , Reasor Paul D. , Heymsfield Gerald M. , McLinden Matthew M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe structure of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) and their role in the development of a secondary eyewall in Hurricane Matthew (2016) is examined from observations taken during the NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) field experiment. Radar measurements from ground-based and airborne systems, with a focus on the NASA High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) instrument on the Global Hawk aircraft, revealed the presence of ~12–15-km-wavelength spiral bands breaking from the inner-core eyewall in the downshear-right quadrant. The vorticity characteristics and calculations of the intrinsic phase speeds of the bands are shown to be consistent with sheared VRWs. A new angular momentum budget methodology is presented that allows an understanding of the secondary eyewall development process with narrow-swath radar measurements. Filtering of the governing equations enables explicit insight into the nonlinear dynamics of scale interactions and the role of the VRWs in the storm structure change. The results indicate that the large-scale (scales > 15 km) vertical flux convergence of angular momentum associated with the VRWs dominates the time tendency with smaller effects from the radial flux term. The small-scale (scales ≤ 15 km) vertical term produces weak, but nonnegligible nonlinear forcing of the large scales primarily through the Reynolds and cross-stress components. The projection of the wave kinematics onto the low-wavenumber (0 and 1) fields appears to be the more significant dynamic process. Flight-level observations show secondary peaks in tangential winds in the radial region where the VRW forcing signatures are active, connecting them with the secondary eyewall formation process.
Relationships between Immersion Freezing and Crystal Habit for Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds—A Numerical Study
Authors: Hashino Tempei , de Boer Gijs , Okamoto Hajime , Tripoli Gregory J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number concentration of ice particles in Arctic mixed-phase clouds is a major controlling factor of cloud lifetime. The relationships between ice nucleation mode and ice crystal habit development are not yet constrained by observations. This study uses a habit-predicting microphysical scheme within a 3D large-eddy simulation model to evaluate the relationship between immersion freezing and ice habit in a simulated Arctic mixed-phase cloud case. Three immersion freezing parameterizations are considered: a volume-dependent freezing scheme (VF), a parameterization limited to activated droplets (C-AC), and a parameterization limited to coarse aerosol particles (C-CM). Both C-AC and C-CM are based on classical nucleation theory. The freezing rate with VF is found to be greater in downdraft regions than in updraft regions due to the downdraft having a higher number concentration of large droplets. The C-AC cases show active freezing of small droplets near cloud top, whereas in the C-CM cases, mainly the 8–32-μm-sized droplets freeze in updraft regions near the cloud base. Because the initial crystal size is assumed to affect the axis ratio of hexagonal plates, the VF cases produce crystals with larger axis ratios, resulting in smaller mode radii than the C-AC cases. In all cases, irregular polycrystals dominate near cloud top and a band-like structure develops within the cloud, which qualitatively agrees with previous observations. In the VF and C-CM cases, unactivated large droplets arising from coarse-mode aerosol particles contributed significantly to the freezing rate, producing an important influence on crystal habit.