bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: Ryou Marvin , Kumar Nitkin 
Published: January 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a versatile tool that can be used to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. The proximity of the echoendoscope to the pancreas, liver, and other thoracic and abdominal organs allows detailed examination or minimally invasive intervention that would not be feasible by surgical or percutaneous approaches. EUS is available with radial or linear scanning arrays and is capable of guiding fine-needle aspiration to acquire tissue for cytologic analysis. This review covers the role of EUS in chronic pancreatitis; pancreatic cysts; submucosal tumors; suspected choledocholithiasis; fecal incontinence; staging of malignancy in esophageal, pancreatic, gastric, and rectal cancer; celiac plexus block/neurolysis; fiducial placement; pseudocyst drainage and cystogastrostomy/cystoduodenostomy; endoscopic necrosectomy; and biliary drainage. Figures show peripancreatic cysts, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, common bile duct stone, esophageal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic head mass causing biliary obstruction and invading portal confluence, fine-needle aspiration of a pancreatic head mass, rectal adenocarcinoma, abdominal aorta with celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery, celiac plexus neurolysis, necrosectomy, and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Tables list the Rosemont criteria for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cystic lesions.
This review contains 12 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 62 references.
Key words: bile duct stone, biliary drainage, echoendoscope, endoscopic ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration, pancreatic cyst
Ischemic Cardiac Event
Authors: Lanigan Megan , Culling Matthew , Gould Robert , Wall Michael , Thomas Joss 
Published: January 2021

An estimated 92.1 million Americans have at least one type of cardiovascular disease (CAD).1 Even though death rates due to CAD have declined, at least 2200 Americans die each day of CAD. 2 In the U.S. at least 50 million operations occur every year and up to 4% are associated with adverse cardiac events. 3There are many identifiable risk factors for cardiac disease such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and high cholesterol. 1In addition, there are non-modifiable risks for cardiac disease; these include age, gender, family history, and homocysteine levels. 4 Hypotension and tachycardia are the most common causes of ischemic cardiac events in the intra-operative phase. The failure to detect myocardial injury early on may contribute to complications as long as 30 days post-operatively. Typically, ischemic findings on electrocardiography and elevated troponin measurements have been used as potential indicators of ischemia or myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in the peri-operative setting. In the treatment of ischemic cardiac events, intensified medical therapy (antiplatelet, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, or a statin) in patients who suffered from a troponin elevation in the postoperative period reduces the risk of having a major cardiac event within a year.
This review contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 74 references.
Keywords: Myocardial Injury after Non Cardiac Surgery (MINS), Perioperative ischemia, Troponin assay, VISION study, Coronary artery disease
Fluid and Electrolyte Considerations for the Pediatric Surgical Patient
Authors: Klinkner Denise B , Polites Stephanie , Pandian TK 
Published: January 2021

Fluid and electrolyte management is critical to successful care of neonatal and pediatric surgical patients. Although infants and toddlers in particular are clearly different from adults in their fluid requirements, recent literature supports a shift away from hypotonic intravenous fluids to isotonic fluids. The importance of glucose regulation and electrolyte management in the development of neonates has been established, and they are essential goals in the care of these patients. Specific surgical diseases included in this review are hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, gastrointestinal atresia and bowel obstructions, ileostomy management, and burns.
Key words: electrolyte replacement; fluid and electrolytes; neonatal surgical critical care; oral rehydration; pediatric hypernatremia; pediatric hyponatremia; pediatric maintenance fluids; pediatric surgical critical care; pediatric total body water
Postoperative Management of Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Brubaker Aleah L. , Chen Marianne , Gallo Amy 
Published: January 2021

Management of the postoperative liver transplant patient can be extremely challenging. The combination of preoperative comorbidities and intraoperative complexity can make for a tenuous postoperative critical care course. Consideration and monitoring of graft function are paramount as poor graft function or primary graft nonfunction will affect every aspect of care. Our goal in this review is to use a systems-based approach to highlight the key tenets for postoperative management of liver transplant patients to help orchestrate integrated care across subspecialties.
This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 94 references.
Key words: critical care, liver transplant, systems-based management
THE EFFECTS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE ON THE QUALITY OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Authors: Koteva-Mojsovska Tatjana , Nikodinovska Bancotovska Suzana 
Published: January 2021

Faculties should ensure integration of science and teaching: science that constantly evolves following the changes in scientific thought and teaching that incorporates these changes in their own organization. So there is a need of including the students, who are prepare for teachers, in the process of pedagogical experience during their study. Pedagogical experience is a completed with a pedagogical practice and hospitation on one side and theoretical knowledge on the other side. Pedagogical experience is a kind of activities that students are involved in the educational process. Considering the importance of these activities, we made a research to determine the effects of pedagogical experience of students in the fourth year of studies at the Pedagogical Faculty in Skopje. This research is guided by two assumptions: 1. Pedagogical experience as an integral part of studies has positive effects on the quality of initial teacher education and educators; 2. The organization of pedagogical internship does not fully satisfy the educational-applicative needs of students and objectives of the internship.During the survey, we have found that the students have good theoretical knowledge about the educational process and are successful in selecting topics for discussion with the competent persons in institutions. But they are not initiative enough and they are not sufficiently active in the process that have no direct obligation to implement and to record. Because of that, students have to be well prepared and instructed for all activities through the practice that will relate to their overall engagement as teachers.It shows that there is a necessity to redefine the structure, objectives, content and organization of the internship.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Hybrid Learning dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning pada Matakuliah Pengantar Sosiologi
Authors: Andayani Trisni , Sitompul Harun , Situmorang Julaga 
Published: January 2021

Telah dilakukan pengembangan model pembelajaran hybrid learning dengan pendekatan problem based learning (PBL) pada matakuliah Pengantar Sosiologi. Model pembelajaran hybrid Learning dengan pendekatan PBL matakuliah Pengantar adalah pembelajaran yang secara khusus dipergunakan pada perkuliahan tatap muka dan online di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Medan. Tujuan dari pengembangan model pembelajaran ini adalah agar dapat memberikan pedoman bagi dosen pengampu matakuliah Pengantar Sosiologi maupun mahasiswa dalam merencanakan, mengelola, mengembangkan serta mengevaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran.Dengan diintegrasikannya model hybird learning dan PBL dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan pemahaman materi ajar dan capaian hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini telah berhasil merancang buku model, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajara, bahan ajar cetak dan bahan aajar non cetak yang telah divalidasi ahli. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa model pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak dan efektif untuk meningkatkan capaian hasil belajar.
REORIENTASI TUJUAN UTAMA PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL
Authors: Setiawan Deny 
Published: January 2021

Seiring dengan berkembang-pesatnya peradaban dunia abad 21, membuka peluang bagi Pendidikan IPS untuk melakukan reorientasi tujuan yang disesuaikan dengan tuntutan perkembangan jaman. Pendidikan IPS dianggap penting dan bermanfaat manakala memperhatikan kecenderung dunia, perkembangan sains dan teknologi namun tetap dilandasi dengan keimanan dan ketaqwaan serta berpegang teguh kepada Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Sumber belajar Pendidikan IPS perlu memasukan bahan dari kehidupan masyarakat yang sebenarnya (contextual learning). Bukan hanya berkenaan dengan fakta yang ada di masyarakat, melainkan juga berkenaan dengan dampak sains dan teknologi yang berpengaruh terhadap tatanan kehidupan masyarakat setempat (lokal), nasional dan internasional. Strategi pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran IPS adalah strategi yang bersifat dialogis kritis, pengalaman langsung (direct experiences), kolaboratif dan kooperatif. Strategi pembelajaran seperti ini menekankan pada tiga ranah pembelajaran, yakni: kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Berdasarkan prinsip kurikulum 2013, tujuan Pendidikan IPS harus dapat membekali peserta didik dengan kompetensi berimbang, yakni: (1) pengembangan kemampuan intelektual (pengetahuan); (2) pengembangan kemampuan kepribadian sebagai anggota masyarakat dan bangsa (sikap); dan (3) pengembangan kemampuan sosial (keterampilan). Reorientasi tujuan ini, menunjukkan Pendidikan IPS di era global tidak lagi sekedar membentuk warga negara yang baik (good citizenship), namun lebih luas lagi sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan jaman sebagai desirable person qualities.
ESENSI PERALIHAN HAK KEPEMILIKAN MELALUI JUAL BELI ATAS TANAH SESUAI UNDANG UNDANG POKOK AGRARIA NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1960
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Atmoko Arief Dwi 
Published: January 2021

Ruang lingkup agararia, dengan pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 terkait Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria yang disebut undang-undang atau disebut juga Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Dalam bidang pertanahan telah terjdi unifikasi yang mana terkait jual beli tanah yang khususnya hukum barat membagi dua yang dianggap suatu perbuatan hukum dalam perjanjian jual beli dimana kedua pihak saling berjanji untuk melakukan suatu perbuatan hukum dan tunduk pada ketentuan Buku III Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata mengenai perikatan levering, dimana telah terjadi perbuatan hukum dengan diserahkannya kebendaan dari pihak penjual kepada pihak pembeli dan hal tersebut merupakan ketentuan yang tunduk pada Buku II Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata terkait benda. Karena tindakan jual beli adalah merupakan proses terjadinya peralihan hak atas tanah, yang mana obyek tanah merupakan obyek kebendaan yang telah diatur secara khusus kedalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, untuk itu atas semua perbuatan hukum yang ada hubungannya dengan obyek tanah, maka akan terikat dengan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut.Kata kunci : Esensi peralihan hak melalui jual beli
Pengaruh Beban Penggilingan terhadap Kuat Tarik Kertas Seni dari Tandan Kosong Nipah dan Pelepah Pisang
Authors: Sucahyono Agung Eko 
Published: January 2021

Penggunaan bahan non-kayu sebagai alternatif dalam pembuatan kertas seni sangat dibutuhkan. Namun, kualitas kertas yang dihasilkan seringkali cukup rendah dari sisi kekuatan tariknya. Salah satu alat yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kertas seni adalah beater machine. Penelitian ini menggunakan tandan kosong nipah (Nypa fruticans) dan batang pisang (Musa sapientum) sebagai bahan baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penambahan beban pada mesin beater terhadap kuat tarik kertas seni. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan variabel bebas yaitu variasi campuran dan berat pembebanan pada mesin beater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besar pembebanan pada mesin beater berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas kertas seni, sedangkan komposisi bahan tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap kualitas kertas. Kualitas kertas yang optimal diperoleh pada proporsi bahan baku pelepah nipah dengan campuran pelepah batang pisang 60%:40% dan berat pembebanan 3,9 kg, dengan nilai ketahanan tarik 4,24 kN/m atau 4.240 N/m.Kata kunci: kertas seni, mesin beater, nipah Effect of Refining Load on The Tensile Strength of Nypa and Banana Trunk Art PaperAbstractThe use of non-wood materials as an alternative in making of art paper is needed. However, the quality of the resulting paper is often quite low in terms of its tensile strength. One of the tools used to improve the quality of art paper is a beater machine. This research used nypha and banana trunk as raw material. This study aims to determine the relationship between the addition of load on the beater machine to the tensile strength of art paper. The method used is a randomized complete design with independent variables of variations in mixture and weight of loading on the beater machine. The results showed that the loading of the beater machine had an effect on improving the quality of art paper, while the composition of the material did not significantly affect the quality of the paper. Optimal paper quality was obtained from the proportion of nypa and banana trunk of 60%:40% and load weight of 3,9 kg, where the tensile strength was 4.24 kN/m or 4,240 N/m.Keywords: art paper, beater machine, nypa
Effects of silver nanoparticles on the anti-oxidant status and histological alterations in different organs in Indian mud crab Scylla Serrata
Authors: Deepa Rani S  , Sangeetha S  , Padmaja M  , Petchiammal R  , Shalini E  
Published: January 2021

In medicine and many other fields, the use of silver nanoparticles is inevitable. The negative impacts of silver accumulated silver nanoparticles on the environment and organisms need to be taken into consideration. The studies on the effect of silver nanoparticles on bio-indicators such as marine invertebrates pave the way to regulate the usage of silver nanoparticles. In the present study, the effect of silver nanoparticles on the hepatopancreas of Indian mud crab, Scylla Serrata was studied. A 20ppm of silver nanoparticles was exposed to S. Serrata for ten days period. The morphological changes, the biochemical markers from hepatopancreas, histological analysis for hepatopancreas, gills and reproductive organs were examined. On the 2nd day exposure of silver nanoparticles showed the increased value of anti-oxidants and no morphological changes. But the 10th-day exposure shows the significantly reduced level of biochemical markers in the hepatopancreas and morphological changes were observed. The apoptotic cells and necrotic cells were recorded in hepatopancreas. Moreover, the cell architecture of gill tissues and reproductive tissues were observed. The silver nanoparticles in the concentration of 20ppm caused significant changes in the hepatopancreas of S. Serrata for ten days of exposure. The mechanism of silver nanoparticles needs to be studied to understand and protect models from the nanoparticles.
Assessment of severity, quality of life and suicidal ideation in patients with depressive disorders
Authors: Imran Mansur M D  , Shreeharsha G  , Akshay C  , Ravi Chandra C V  , Binai K Sankar  , Smitha M  
Published: January 2021

Depression is estimated to be the third leading cause of disability and about 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide. Various biological, social, economic, cultural factors and environmental factors contribute for depression. A total of 102 patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the patients (64, 62.74%) included in the study were female. The mean age of the study subjects was found to be 20.4±11.88 years. The severity of symptoms in depressed patients evaluated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) shows that 33.33% of the subjects were very severely depressed, followed by 29.41% of the subjects with moderate depression, 23.52 % with severe depression and 11.76% with mild depression. Quality of life was evaluated using WHOQOL BREF Scale in the study population. 51.96 % of subjects were having low quality of life (QoL) followed by 48% of subjects with medium QoL and 0.98% subjects with high QoL. Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation (MSSI) was used to evaluate severity of suicidal ideation in study population. Interpretation of results shows that 74.50% were having low suicidal ideation and few subjects (8.82%) were found to have severe suicidal ideation. Depression negatively impacts individual’s functioning, work satisfaction, relationships, leisure, physical and mental health, sexual functioning, sleep patterns and overall sense of fulfilment and contentment with life. Severe form of depression can lead to suicidal risk, increased risk of morbidity, mortality, substantial imbalance on individual’s occupational potential, significant physical and psychosocial impairment.
História social: em busca de uma renovação na leitura do direito
Authors: Ribeiro Emmanoel Pedro 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende se inserir no processo de renovação dos estudos de História do Direito, iniciado ao longo dos anos 90 no Brasil, atualizando os seus pressupostos por meio de um diálogo mais estreito entre o jurista e o historiador. Conseqüentemente, proporcionar novas leituras do Direito brasileiro, de suas instituições e idéias, a partir da História Social inglesa.
Palavras-chave: Direito. História Social. História Social do Direito.
A água e o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Ferreira de Andrade José 
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste na identificação dos alicerces da política nacional de recursos hídricos de garantir a quantidade dos recursos e sua qualidade, de promover objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável no sentido genérico usado pela Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. Visa estabelecer padrões aptos a garantirem a saúde pública, o bem estar da população e a possibilidade de se praticar o uso da pesca, objeto de pesquisa de iniciação científica do Curso de Direito.
Palavras-chave: Água. Rios. Pesca. Desenvolvimento sustentável.
Assistência jurídica: instrumento da política nacional das relações de consumo
Authors: Holanda de Vasconcelos Brandão Fernanda 
Published: January 2021

Considerando que o consumidor encaixa-se perfeitamente no art. 5.º, LXXIV, da Constituição Federal, que estabelece o dever do Estado na prestação de assistência jurídica integral e gratuita aos que comprovarem a insuficiência de recursos, o presente artigo se propõe a analisar a assistência jurídica como instrumento da política nacional das relações de consumo. Identificar-se-á o seu objetivo no âmbito do direito do consumidor, discutindo os princípios basilares dessa política e a sua importância para a defesa do consumidor.

Palavras-chave: Assistência jurídica. Instrumento. Consumidor. Acesso à justiça. Defesa
A ética da igualdade: em busca de fundamentos universalizantes
Authors: Corrêa Darcísio , Damião Corrêa Tobias 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa a igualdade sob o ponto de vista da ética e da cidadania, buscando fundamentos universalizantes que lhe deem sustentação. A ética vem relacionada com o pressuposto da finitude humana e a busca de transcendência. Procura-se aprofundar as categorias da liberdade e da igualdade, no intuito de superar sua concepção jurídica meramente formal. Busca-se uma nova dimensão da cidadania contemporânea, tendo como fundamento uma ética de caráter horizontal e universalizante, capaz de imprimir à trajetória humana novas formas e espaços de transcendência.
Palavras-chave: Ética. Cidadania e direitos humanos. Finitude humana. Liberdade e igualdade.
O CDC e a lei nº 12.414, de 09 de junho de 2011: reflexões sobre a formação e consulta a banco de dados, adimplemento e histórico de créditos de consumidores considerados “bons pagadores”
Authors: De Vasconcelos Fernando Antônio , Paiva Marinho de Sousa Rosilene 
Published: January 2021

Apresenta-se neste artigo uma reflexão sobre a Lei nº 12.414, de 9 de junho de 2011, que disciplina a formação e consulta a banco de dados com informações de adimplemento, de pessoas naturais ou jurídicas, para formação de histórico de créditos. Comparam-se os efeitos desta lei ao que dispõe o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, procurando compreender doutrinária e documentalmente um dos direitos fundamentais previstos na Constituição Federal, que é o direito à informação. Busca, ainda, abordar o assunto sob a perspectiva de possíveis práticas abusivas com relação à publicidade.
Palavras-chave: Lei. Cadastro. Consumidor. Banco de dados. Acesso à informação.
A promoção de habitações e a construção na Espanha: novos incentivos fiscais no imposto sobre o valor adicionado
Authors: Patón García Gemma 
Published: January 2021

Entre outras medidas de caráter econômico, o legislador espanhol tem aprovado diversas medidas fiscais em matéria de operações relacionadas à habitação e à construção realizadas pelos sujeitos passivos do IVA. Ainda que recentemente se tenha tido aumento nos percentuais do IVA, não obstante, introduziram-se incentivos fiscais para os promotores do IVA para dinamizar o mercado da habitação. Este artigo faz um percurso no conjunto de medidas tomadas para enfrentar a crise econômica.
Palavras-chave: Habitação. Construções. Incentivos fiscais. IVA.
A questão do monopólio dos correios e a ADPF 46-7
Authors: Nogueira de Queiroz Julian 
Published: January 2021

Dentre as formas de intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico destaca-se a intervenção por absorção, que consiste na formação de monopólios em prol de determinadas atividades de atribuição exclusiva da União. Neste cenário, discute-se se o monopólio criado na égide da Constituição passada para o serviço postal e o correio aéreo nacional, desempenhado pela Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos, fora, de fato, recepcionado pela legislação constitucional ora vigente, questão que foi posta à análise do Supremo Tribunal Federal por meio da ADPF 46-7 cujos contornos envolvem, dentre outros aspectos, o enquadramento do serviço postal como serviço público, bem como o enquadramento constitucional das normas que atinem à matéria.
Palavras-chave: Monopólio. Serviço Postal. Correios. Jurisdição Constitucional.
DE “COMUNIDADE SOLIDÁRIA” A “BOLSA FAMÍLIA”: AS ARREBICADAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES NAS POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS DO BRASIL
Authors: De Moura Agra Walber , Alencastro Neto Priscilla , Da Silva Albuquerque Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

A necessidade pelo avanço e inegável relatividade histórica do Direito exigem uma ininterrupta inquirição em prevenção ao arrefecimento. A Lex Mater de 1988 é um marco para o desenvolvimento, precipuamente no que concerne à rede de proteção social. A crítica a programas de políticas sociais como “Comunidade Solidária” e “Bolsa Família” permite uma elucidação quanto ao problema da persistência da pobreza no Brasil e os empecilhos para a solução dessa adversidade, pondo a coautoria, Estado e sociedade, como a chave para o desenlace.

Palavras-chave: Pobreza. Políticas Sociais. Programa Bolsa Família. Programa Comunidade Solidária.
O PENSAMENTO JUSNATURALISTA NO DIREITO ROMANO
Authors: Dos Santos Justo António 
Published: January 2021

Em Roma, o pensamento jusnaturalista é fortemente tributário da filosofia estoica. Todavia, os jurisconsultos romanos nunca puseram o problema da lei injusta, porque, para eles, o direito é sempre “ars boni ae aequi”. Não deixaram, todavia, de humanizar o direito romano, inspirando-se em valores como a aequitas, a bona fides, a pietas, a amicitia etc.
Palavras-chave: Pensamento jusnaturalista. Jurisconsultos romanos. Direito positivo.