bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Investigation of MP3 Audio Recordings
Authors: Boyarov A. G. , Siparov I. S. 
Published: January 2020

Special aspects of MP3-recordings technical investigation are addressed. The following features of formation and research of MP3 phonograms are explained: traces of MP3 coding in time and spectral domain, special aspects of MP3-files structure analysis, detection methods of re-coding of MP3-recordings, methods of group identification of MP3-recorders and MP3-codecs.MP3 coding leaves certain traces of its usage. Due to the psychoacoustic model inaudible spectral components are deleted from the signal spectrum. Traces of psychoacoustic codecs usage are also clearly seen via dynamic spectrogram as rectangular areas of zero spectral amplitude. The methods discussed in this paper enable the investigating expert to detect the exact position of the MP3 frame in the signal by its properties even without any information from the file header. This method reveals the coding itself, multiple coding and also audio editing by the investigation of the periodicity of the extracted frames’ positions.MP3 file format specifies the structure of the frame header providing a perfect instrument to detect any periodicity of any peculiarities of MP3 frames. The tool based on this approach reveals MP3 frames disorder caused by editing in the “digital” domain – manual deletion of audio information using HEX editor.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE UM AMBIENTE VIRTUAL DE APRENDIZAGEM: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Kafer Giovana Aparecida 
Published: January 2020

<p class="NewStyle17">Neste trabalho, investiga-se uma prática pedagógica desenvolvida durante o primeiro semestre letivo de 2014, com estudantes de uma turma de segundo ano de ensino médio. Objetivando investigar a contribuição do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) PBwork para a melhoria dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem no componente curricular de química, foi implementado uma página no ambiente virtual, que se constituiu no problema central analisado. Aulas expositivas e dialogadas, experimentos em laboratório, simulações no PhET (Interactive Simulations for Teaching and Learning Physics) e resolução de exercícios também foram empregados para abordar os conceitos de soluções. Atividades em sala de aula, no laboratório de química e de informática, postagens no AVA e entrevistas foram os meios para diagnosticar qualitativamente a avaliação da prática pedagógica. A partir das metodologias empregadas, foi possível constatar um crescimento potencial dos conceitos relacionados às soluções, evidenciando que as metodologias utilizadas proporcionaram aprendizagem significativa. Nas entrevistas, os estudantes informaram que a alternativa metodológica fez com que percebessem a química sob uma ótica diferente. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que é possível que práticas pedagógicas que utilizam o AVA podem ser instrumentos de aprendizagem que diversificam e potencializam métodos tradicionais de ensino.</p>
O PLANEJAMENTO PEDAGÓGICO PARA O ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA NO PROCESSO FORMATIVO DO ACADÊMICO E BOLSISTA DO PIBID.
Authors: Prestes Rosangela Ferreira , Kaiber Carmen Teresa 
Published: January 2020

<p class="ResumoRevista"><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar conhecimentos relativos à aprendizagem sobre a docência emergentes de um processo de elaboração e (re)elaboração de um planejamento de ações didáticas, vivenciado por uma acadêmica integrante do Programa Interinstitucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), subprojeto Matemática, da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões URI, campus de Santo Ângelo/RS. Os dados aqui apresentados referem-se a um recorte do processo formativo que é parte integrante de uma investigação, em nível de doutorado, realizada em uma perspectiva qualitativa. O trabalho realizado ocorreu de forma individualizada com a acadêmica e, de forma colaborativa, com o grupo de bolsista na Universidade. Resultados apontam que a experiência vivenciada pela acadêmica, de elaboração e (re)elaboração de um planejamento para o ensino da Matemática, mostram que o espaço e as ações desenvolvidas no âmbito do PIBID proporcionam ao futuro professor um tipo de aprendizagem que permite ao mesmo ser um gerador de conhecimentos que, embora advindos de situações particulares, podem ser generalizados. O processo propiciou, também, o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens compartilhadas e o desenvolvimento da postura reflexiva, advindas das interlocuções do trabalho coletivo realizado com o grupo, frente ao planejamento realizado.</p><p class="ResumoRevista"> </p>
PREVALÊNCIA DE MICRORGANISMOS EM BANDEJAS UTILIZADAS PELA ENFERMAGEM NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR
Authors: De Freitas Cristiane Güths da Silva , Staudt Keli Jaqueline , Khün Kelly Helena , Alves Izabel Almeida , Meneghete Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2020

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> Os hospitais constituem importante fonte de infecções, pois, abrigam uma vasta gama de microrganismos, principalmente bactérias. A limpeza e desinfecção de superfícies em ambientes hospitalares são subsídios elementares e eficazes como medidas de controle para romper a cadeia epidemiológica das infecções. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Verificar a prevalência de microrganismos em bandejas utilizadas pela enfermagem para a administração de medicamentos em ambiente hospitalar, através do crescimento dos mesmos por técnicas microbiológicas. <strong>Métodos:</strong> Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, de prevalência, com abordagem quantitativa realizada em um hospital de médio porte da região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no segundo semestre de 2015. A coleta das amostras se deu por meio da técnica de swab, que consistiu em deslizar um swab na superfície das bandejas utilizadas para a administração dos medicamentos. Para a análise dos dados foi realizada a pesquisa microbiológica e utilizada a estatística descritiva mediante a distribuição da frequência. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Os microrganismos isolados foram: <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negativa, <em>Acinetobacter baumanni</em>, <em>Enterobacter agglomerans</em>, <em>Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ozaenae</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Acinetobacter lwoffii, Pseudomonas stutzeri, </em><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Demonstrando a importância de se realizar os processos de higienização correta das mãos, dos materiais, dos utensílios, dentre outras, como forma possível de reduzir a transferência de patógenos entre profissionais, pacientes e ambiente.</p>
Їжа в житті української еміграції в ЧСР (1921-1939 рр.)
Authors: Зубко Ольга 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of gender is to consider food, its preparation and consumption not as a particular sphere of culture, which is in relation to conditionality with the historical, social and, in fact, cultural context, but as one of the most effective means of physical survival.
Nutrition as a whole is one of the major problems of anthropology, since it has shaped identity and fellowship throughout the history of human culture. However, when it comes to the interwar period (1918 - 1939) and the Ukrainian political emigration of the so-called "second wave" in the Czechoslovak Republic, the historical and political context, that is, the impossibility, is also involved in understanding the concept of "food as a cultural phenomenon". treat food in isolation from politics.
The theoretical development of this problem field is almost absent.
The Ukrainian emigration community in the interwar CSR numbered about 20-22 thousand people. And, it should be emphasized, these were the very persons who deliberately went abroad after the defeat of the National Liberation Competitions of 1917 - 1921. This was the answer to the question why the nutrition of Ukrainian emigrants was meeting the purely biological need of the organism.
The life of «Ukrainian Prazhany» in the interwar CSR was conditionally separated for several periods. According to these periods, «emigration food» was also classified. The historically famous Ruská pomocná akce «Russian Aid Action» also has the same years. It was at this time that cooperative cafes were opened in Prague and Poděbrady, where traditional Ukrainian dishes were cooked: borscht (with and without meat), buckwheat porridge, breaded bread cutlets, dumplings, stuffed cabbages, fried river fish, boiled mashed potatoes, stew in sour cream, pies with different stuffing. Dining rooms prepared Czech, Belarusian, Armenian and Georgian cuisines.
The situation had changed since mid-1925, when Ruská pomocná akce began to collapse and it became clear that «Bolshevism was not dying». The so-called «turn» began. And since the beginning of the 1930s, the global economic crisis, which had lasted in the Czechoslovak Republic until 1935, was added to full «emigration happiness».
The Crown was rapidly depreciating, but prices were rising steadily. After all, the closed labor market was closed for all, without exception, of the «Ukrainian Рrazhany». At this time, representatives of the Ukrainian emigration community are beginning to cook their own products such as eggs, chicken, horse, cheese (cottage cheese), herbs, honey.
The most difficult was the period from 1934 to 1939. Due to total unemployment, the Ukrainian emigration community, for the most part, moved to Transcarpathia, the province of the Czechoslovakia, where despite political and economic nuances, it was somewhat easier to spend. However, at that time, the Czechs were preparing, for example, frogs' legs and crow soup.
For the interwar Ukrainian emigration to the Czechoslovakia, food was, in fact, the satisfaction of basic physical need.
[review of:] Peter Arkadiev, Axel Holvoet & Björn Wiemer, eds. 2015. Contemporary Approaches to Baltic Linguistics
Authors: Nau Nicole 
Published: January 2020

Peter Arkadiev, Axel Holvoet & Björn Wiemer, eds. 2015. Contemporary Approaches to Baltic Linguistics. (trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs, 276). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN: 978-3-11-034376-2.
Only in recent years have we witnessed an increase of interest and scholarly activities regarding the Baltic languages, and for today's audience it may be more worthwhile to watch what is going on than no ponder over results. This volume provides an excellent opportunity to do so, presenting 13 individual studies by an international cast. They are preceded by an introductory article by the editors which has the lenght of a small monograph and is probably the most comprehensive overview of state of the art of Baltic linguistics that has ever been written.
Logophoricity in Eastern Vidzeme
Authors: Wälchli Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

Eastern Vidzeme is an important, hitherto neglected, area for the study of logophoricity in the Circum-Baltic languages. This paper shows, on the one hand, that logophoricity in Latvian is not restricted to Latgalian dialects, but is almost fully consistent in the writings of the novelist Andrievs Niedra (1871–1942) originating from Tirza, and on the other hand, that Leivu Estonian, a moribund South Estonian language island in Northeastern Vidzeme between Gulbene and Alūksne, is the only Estonian variety having developed a logophoric pronoun.
Given the high diversity of logophoricity in Latvian, it is important to study idiolects with large corpora, and written language deserves more study. Like Finnish dialects and Leivu Estonian, Niedra’s idiolect uses logophoric pronouns even for marking the report addressee in questions. Unlike in the Latgalian tales discussed by Nau (2006), logophoricity can be extended beyond the domain of report to thought. A distinction between allophoric (frame and report speaker are different) and autophoric reports (frame and report speaker are the same) is introduced. It is argued that logophoric pronouns are a non-deictic and noncoreference-based strategy to mark reports, that their function is not primarily reference tracking, and that logophoric pronouns in Latvian are constructionalized rather than grammaticalized.
Recent developments in Latvian dialectology
Authors: Daugavet Anna 
Published: January 2020

Trumpa, Edmunds. 2012. Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes [Studies in Latvian Dialect Geography]. Rīga: Zinātne. ISBN 978–9984–879–34–5.Sarkanis, Alberts. 2013. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlants. Fonētika. Apraksts, kartes un to komentāri [Latvian Dialect Atlas. Phonetics. Description, Maps and Commentaries]. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. ISBN: 978–9984–742–68–7
The last year saw the appearance of two significant contributions to the study of Latvian dialects. These are the phonology part of the Latvian Dialect Atlas prepared by Alberts Sarkanis (2013) and Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes by Edmunds (Edmundas) Trumpa (2012a). The two are very different in their aims and methods, even though both deal with phonetic isoglosses of traditional rural dialects. In fact, traditional rural dialects are still considered as the only object of research by Latvian dialectologists in spite of the considerable changes to the field elsewhere, marked by the breakdown of the barriers between dialectology and sociolinguistics (see e.g. Chambers & Trudgill 2004 and Auer & Schmidt 2010). However, of the two reviewed books, Trumpa (2012a) seems to be closer to the modern understanding of research into language and space, and therefore his work can be seen as a promise of changes in Latvian dialectology, whereas Sarkanis (2013) almost entirely belongs to the traditional approach. Nevertheless, in the context of Trumpa’s rather innovative book, Sarkanis’ Phonological Atlas serves as a summary of achievements from the previous stage.
Charlie’nin Modern Zamanlar’ından, Google’ın Genç Çıraklar’ına; İş Yaşamında Gelenekselden Rekreatife Geçiş
Authors: KOÇAK Göknil Nur , ÖZKAN Meryem Ezgi , TANER Aslı 
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada monoton, değişime açık olmayan, seri üretimin hâkim olduğu bir çalışma ortamı yerine yaratıcılığı destekleyen çalışma ortamının nasıl olabileceği sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu sorunun yanıtı beraberinde “rekreatif iş” ve “rekreatif iş ortamı” kavrayışlarını getirmektedir. Araştırmanın yöntemi örnek olay incelemesidir. Seri üretim ve verimlilik artışının hedef alındığı geleneksel iş ve ortamlarını temsilen “Chaplin’in “Modern Zamanlar” filmi; yaratıcılık ve yenilikçiliğin hedef alındığı rekreatif iş ve ortamlarını temsilen “Genç Çıraklar” filmi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Örnek olay bulgularından hareketle yapılan kavramsallaştırma şu şekildedir: “Çalışanların fiziksel, duygusal ve düşünsel olarak aktif, kişisel zaman planlamasında serbest oldukları, etkileşimli ve oyunlaştırılmış süreçler içinde bireyselliğin korunabildiği işlere rekreatif iş denir”. Yenilik ve yaratıcılık gerektiren bilgi çağında rekreasyon serbest zamana hapsolmuş bir etkinlik olmanın ötesinde, her çeşit eyleme içkin bir nitelik olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu kapsamda rekreatif iş, rekreatif ebeveynlik, rekreatif eğitim, rekreatif yönetim gibi kavrayışlar geliştirilebilir. Üniversitelerin Rekreasyon Yönetimi bölümlerinin müfredatları bu kapsamda tasarlanabilir.
Time Dependent Live-bed Scour Around Circular Piers under Flood Waves
Authors: Gumgum Firat , Guney Mehmet Sukru 
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate live-bed scour under unsteady flow. During the experiments, 16 different triangular hydrographs were generated. Circular piers with three different diameters were tested under these hydrographs. Uniform bed material of 1.63 mm diameter was used during the experiments. The effects of the peak flow rate, the duration of hydrographs and the pier diameter on scour were interpreted. It was observed that the dominant element of the scour was the flow rate during the rising limb and the sediment transport rate during the falling limb. Maximum scour depths took place near the peak flow and lower final scour depths occurred at the end of the hydrograph. Two empirical equations were derived to predict time dependent scour depth and maximum scour depth. Statistically significant determination coefficient values and scatter indices were obtained.
Gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh
Authors: Yeasmin K , Islam KMS , Yeasmin T 
Published: January 2020

Girls face discrimination from the moment of her birth. Different underlying factors are responsible for this disparity. Though in recent decades, there is a significant advance in gender disparity, it is still prevalent in different aspect of life throughout the world. Yet a wide level of disparity still exists, whether implicit or explicit, in nutrition and child cares both in the rural and urban areas. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A community based multi-stage cross-sectional study were accomplished for collecting anthropometric and household socio-demographic data of under-five (36≤ age ≤59) children to assess gender disparity on nutritional status in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It was performed during the period March 2017 to September 2017. Simple random sampling was used to select children from households by applying multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using WHO anthro 2005 software (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS) version 22.0. A value of p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant in the analysis. Under five 371 girls with mean age 47.26 ± 8.33 months and 366 boys with mean age 48.28 ± 7.75 months were participated in this study. No failure in composite anthropometry/normal healthy boys and girls were found 46% and 36% respectively. The prevalence of moderate underweight, stunting and wasting among girls were 23.5%, 27.5% and 14.6% respectively, whereas, among boys 22.7%, 25.4% and 9.8% respectively. Deficiency of energy intake, insufficiency of macro and micro nutrients increase the chance of suffering protein-energy malnutrition, nutritional disorders among girls, compared to boys. Aggregating social development and intervention program of Government may help to reduce gender disparity and improve the nutritional status of overall all children.
J. bio-sci. 27: 1-10, 2019
Improved k-nearest neighbors approach for incomplete and contaminated gene expression datasets
Authors: Asifuzzaman MI , Akter H , Rashid MM , Mollah MNH , Islam SMS , Shahjaman M 
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of high-throughput DNA microarray technologies, researchers can measure expression profiles of thousands of genes simultaneously with low costs. These massive amounts of gene expression (GE) data often contain missing values or outliers due to various reasons of data generating process. Most of the statistical methods were developed based on complete dataset. As a result, for subsequent analysis using incomplete dataset, these methods strongly suffer and we cannot find our target. A numerous methods have been developed to impute missing values and they are available in the literature. Albeit, missing values imputation and outliers handling both are equally important for analyzing GE, most of the methods perform these tasks separately and produce misleading results. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to develop a new hybrid approach which is robust against outliers and missing values, simultaneously. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in a comparison of popular missing value imputation method K-NN while performing feature selection using both simulated and real GE datasets. The Results obtain from simulated as well as real data studies show that the proposed method outperforms K-NN in presence of different percentages of missing values and outliers. On the other hand, in absence of outliers with missing values, the proposed method keeps equal performance with the other methods.
J. bio-sci. 27: 31-41, 2019
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) seeds
Authors: Hasan MM , Rahman SA , Akhter MS 
Published: January 2020

The crude ethanol and methanol extracts of Tamarindus indica seeds have been investigated to evaluate their antibacterial and cytotoxic potentialities. Extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria primarily by disc diffusion method and then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Besides the cytotoxic activity were screened by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The average zone of inhibition for ethanol extract of seeds of tamarind was ranged from 7.5 - 13.5 mm for 500 μg/disc. And for methanol extract the zone of inhibition was ranged from 6.5 - 13.25 mm for 500 μg/disc. From MIC assay minimum inhibitory concentration was found 1.25 mg/ml for ethanol and 0.625 mg/ml for methanol extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration was found 2.5 mg/ml for ethanol and 1.25 mg/ml for methanol extract. Compared to vincristine sulfate (with LC50 of 0.99 μg/ml) both ethanol and methanol extract of T. indica seeds showed toxicity lower than 100 μg/ml and greater than 30 μg/ml. The study confirms greater antibacterial activity of T. indica seed extracts with moderate cytotoxic activity. This study thus demands isolation of active principles and thorough bioassays.
J. bio-sci. 27: 83-88, 2019
Growth pattern of freshwater bivalve mollusk Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) from the northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar DA , Islam MR , Islam MS , Jasmine S , Mondol MMR 
Published: January 2020

Growth, morphometry and length-weight relationships of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) was studied during January 2014 and May 2015. Sampling was carried out monthly and a total of 560 specimens were collected from Rajshahi district, northwest of Bangladesh. The recorded length -breadth and length-width relationships were B = 0.179 + 0.475L and W = 0.196 + 0.3163L respectively. The length-total weight, length-wet tissue weight, length-dry tissue weight, length-shell weight, length-dry shell weight relationships were W = 0.1241L2.9066, W = 0.0524L2.7377, W =0.0116L2.7849, W = 0.0533L2.9178 and W = 0.0391L3.0386 respectively. Monthly b values of length-lengths and length-weights relationships indicated a negative allometric growth pattern except length-shell weights relationships which showed an isometric growth of the mussel. This study is the first report on growth pattern of Lamellidens marginalis from Bangladesh and the results would be useful for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for a sustainable fishery management of this species in the freshwater ecosystem in Bangladesh.
J. bio-sci. 27: 121-132, 2019
Structural and Mechanical Strength of Proton Radiation Processed Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Sahoo M. , Mallick B. , Rout S. , Dash G. N. 
Published: January 2020

The change in structural and mechanical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to 2.4 MeV proton has been studied. Radiation processing of PET polymer is carried out using different low doses such as 0.2, 2.0, and 20 kGy. The Physics of microstrain and radiation-induced mesophase formation are analysed. X-ray investigation indicates that proton-induced structural modification takes place in the material. Apart from usual diffraction peaks, a low intensity broad peak is observed at small angle of about 2q =10º, when the fibre axis is mounted parallel to the X-ray direction. Such peak is absent in the diffraction spectrum when the fibre axis is mounted perpendicular to the beam direction. The appearance of the extra peak in a particular orientation confirms that, the phase is 2-dimensionally oriented (mesophase). The Young’s modulus (Y) of this irradiated PET sample is found to be more than that of the virgin sample with the highest value recorded for a dose of 2.0 kGy. The decrease in Y for higher dose (20 kGy) may be due to enhanced ion-induced microstrain in the sample, causing degradation in mechanical strength.