bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monensin inhibits proliferation, migration, and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via downregulating UBA2
Authors: Gu Jiangtao , Huang Lan , Zhang Yunxia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue of the breast gland, the morbidity, and mortality of which continue to increase. Therefore, it is crucial to find new drugs to treat breast cancer. Monensin is a carrier antibiotic that has been reported to inhibit the growth of cancer cells; however, its impacts on breast cancer cells have not been reported. In this article, the cell survival rate was measured by CCK‐8. Colony formation assay was utilized to detect the level of cell proliferation. Transwell was used to measure the ability of cell invasion, and wound healing was used to measure the ability of cell migration. RT‐qPCR and western blot were, respectively, used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. The level of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell transfection technique was used for overexpressing UBA2. We found that Monensin inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and inhibited the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. In addition, Monensin promoted the apoptosis accompanied by the increase of Bax, caspase3, caspase7, and caspase9 and the decreased of bcl‐2 of breast cancer cells. Monensin was also found to inhibit UBA2 expression in breast cancer cells. Subsequently, after overexpression of UBA2, the impacts of Monensin on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells was inhibited. In conclusion, Monensin can inhibit the proliferation and migration and activate apoptosis of breast cancer cells via downregulating the expression of UBA2.
Application of deep learning techniques in predicting motorcycle crash severity
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Nazneen Sahima , Ksaibati Khaled 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) techniques play a crucial role in today's modern world. Over the last years, road traffic safety is one of the applications where ML‐methods have been successfully employed to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured. A reliable data‐driven predictive model is essential for this purpose. This could be achieved by successfully applying an intelligent transportation system to identify a driver at a higher risk of crashes. This study investigates the capabilities of different deep learning techniques to predict motorcycle crash severity. This study is based on 2,430 motorcycle crashes in a mountainous area in the United States over a 10‐year period. Different deep networks (DNNs), including deep belief network, standard recurrent neural network (RNN), multilayer neural network, and single‐layer neural network, were considered and compared in terms of prediction accuracy of motorcycle crash severity. Before conducting any analysis, feature reduction was performed to identify the optimal number of variables to include in the models by minimizing the error rate. Different metrics including the area under the curve and confusion matrix were used to compare the different models. Although the analyses were conducted on a relatively small dataset, the results indicate that almost all the DNN models better perform in predicting the severity of motorcycle crashes, compared with the single layer neural network. Finally, the RNN outperforms the other three neural network models. A comprehensive discussion has been made about the methodological approach implemented in this study.
Metabolomic analyses of dry lemon slice during storage by NMR
Authors: Yu Limei , Liao Zhiqiang , Zhao Yupeng , Zeng Xiaofang , Yang Bao , Bai Weidong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLemon is a fruit with delicious taste and attractive flavor, which has been widely accepted by people over the world. Dry lemon slice is a classical processed product of lemon. It is readily to be browning during storage. Which chemicals are responsible for the browning behavior remains unclear. Therefore, in this work, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to analyze the metabolites changes in dry lemon slice during storage. Nineteen metabolites were identified and their related levels were statistically calculated by principal component analysis. The first principal components were represented by glutamic acid, α‐amino‐butyric acid, γ‐amino‐butyric acid, alanine, limonoid, citric acid, glutamine, and phosphocholine. The changes of browning degree during storage and its correlations with the levels of polyphenol, ascorbic acid, amino acid nitrogen, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural were analyzed. The results indicated that Maillard reaction and oxidation of phenolics were two main processes contributing to the nonenzymatic browning during storage.
Regulatory function of microRNAs in microglia
Authors: Brites Dora 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroglia are CNS‐resident cells involved in immune surveillance and maintenance of intercellular homeostasis, while also contributing to neurologic pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (~22 nucleotides) single‐stranded noncoding RNAs that participate in gene regulation at the post‐transcriptional level. miRNAs typically bind to the untranslated region (3′ UTR) of RNAs. It has been shown that miRNAs are important players in controlling inflammation and that their abnormal expression is linked to cancer and ageing, and to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, miRNAs participate in intercellular trafficking. Thus, miRNAs are released from cells in a free form, bound to proteins or packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs), exerting paracrine and long distance signaling. In this review, recent findings on the role of miRNAs as drivers of microglia phenotypic changes and their cotribution in neurological disease are addressed.
Taguchi‐Grey and ANOVA optimization techniques for engine performance with water in diesel emulsion fuels
Authors: Rai Ranjeet K. , Sahoo Rashmi R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the current study, optimization of the performance parameters like effective power (EP), effective power density (EPD), effective efficiency (EE), and different heat losses with respect to six engine control parameters, that is, emulsion fuel, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, engine speed, residual gas fraction, and fuel injection pressure with three levels of each, were performed. Taguchi method is used to design the L27 orthogonal array, using Minitab17 software. Optimization of individual performance parameters is performed with the signal to noise ratio curve, and Grey analysis is used to optimize the overall output performance parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of variance method is investigated to calculate the contribution percentage of control parameters. The theoretical analysis revealed that the overall optimum response of output parameters is found with 10% blend of water (A3), 18 compression ratio (B3), 0.8 equivalence ratio (C1), 2100 rpm engine speed (D3), 10% residual gas fraction (E3), and 100 kPa fuel injection pressure (F1). The EP and EPD are improved by 9.6% and 9.19%, respectively. Also, an average GRG for optimum response setting coincides with the average GRG value of the initial setting. The resulted optimization models are anticipated to be positive instruction for diesel engine operating parameters.
Testing for overconfidence statistically: A moment inequality approach
Authors: Jin Yanchun , Okui Ryo 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe propose a moment inequality approach to test for the presence of overconfidence using data from ranking experiments where subjects rank themselves relative to other experimental participants. Although a ranking experiment is a typical way to collect data for the analysis of overconfidence, recent studies show that the resulting data may apparently indicate overconfidence even if participants are purely rational Bayesian updaters, in which case a set of inequalities hold. We apply state‐of‐the‐art tests of moment inequalities to test such a set of inequalities. We examine the data from a traditional ranking experiment as well as those from more sophisticated designs.
The price of forced attendance
Authors: Kapoor Sacha , Oosterveen Matthijs , Webbink Dinand 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe draw on a discontinuity at a large university, wherein second‐year students with a low first‐year grade point average are allocated to a full year of forced, frequent, and regular attendance, to estimate the causal effect of additional structure on academic performance. We show that the policy increases student attendance but has no average effect on grades. The effects differ, however, depending on how course instructors handled unforced students, such that we observe significant grade decreases in courses where unforced students were given full discretion over their attendance. Our evidence suggests that grades decrease in these courses because the policy prevented forced students from picking their desired mix of study inputs.
Circular RNA_0001742 has potential to predict advanced tumor stage and poor survival profiles in tongue squamous cell carcinoma management
Authors: Yao Yuan , Bi Lei , Zhang Chunguang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNA_0001742 (circ_0001742) has been reported to be upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues/cells and regulate TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study aimed to further investigate the clinical significance of circ_0001742 in TSCC management.MethodsTotally, 146 TSCC patients underwent surgical treatment were reviewed. Their fresh‐frozen tumor tissue and adjacent tissue were acquired for detecting circ_0001742 expression via reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. According to circ_0001742 expression in tumor tissue, all patients were classified as tumor circ_0001742 low (0%‐50% percentile) and high (50%‐100% percentile) patients, the latter were further divided into the tumor circ_0001742 high+ (50%‐75% percentile), high++ (75%‐90% percentile), and high+++ (90%‐100% percentile) patients, respectively.ResultsCirc_0001742 expression was increased in TSCC tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue, and it presented good value in discriminating tumor tissue from adjacent tissue (area under the curve (AUC): 0.870, 95% CI: 0.831‐0.910). Tumor high circ_0001742 expression was associated with higher T stage, N stage, and TNM stage, but not age, gender, or pathological grade. Furthermore, OS was reduced in tumor circ_0001742 high patients compared with tumor circ_0001742 low patients; moreover, OS was the shortest in tumor circ_0001742 high+++ patients, followed by tumor circ_0001742 high++ patients and tumor circ_0001742 high+ patients, and the longest in tumor circ_0001742 low patients. In addition, multivariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that higher tumor circ_0001742 expression was an independent predictive factor for decreased OS.ConclusionCirc_0001742 serves as a potential biomarker for advanced tumor stage and poor survival in TSCC patients.
Effects of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 signaling pathway on proliferation, invasion, and migration of human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Li Zhi‐Feng , Yao Yin‐Di , Zhao Yin‐Yin , Liu Yan , Liu Zhen‐Hua , Hu Pei , Zhu Zhuo‐Ran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the effects of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 signaling pathway on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human osteosarcoma cells.MethodsThe expression of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in osteosarcoma tissues. The osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was transfected and divided into Mock, Control siRNA, si‐PAK4, LIMK1, and si‐PAK4+LIMK1 groups. Then, the cellular biological features of MG63 cells were detected by CCK‐8, wound‐healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry methods. The relationship of PAK4 and LIMK1 was performed by co‐immunoprecipitation test, and the protein expression of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 was determined by Western blotting. Finally, the effect of PAK4 on the growth of osteosarcoma was verified by subcutaneous transplantation model of osteosarcoma in nude mice.ResultsThe expression of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 in both osteosarcoma tissues and cells was up‐regulated. Positive PAK4, LIMK1, and Cofilin‐1 expressions in osteosarcoma were associated with the clinical stage, distant metastasis, and tumor grade. The MG63 cell viability, migration, and invasion, as well as the expression of PAK4, p‐LIMK/LIMK, and p‐Cofilin‐1/Cofilin‐1, were restrained by the knock down of PAK4 while it promoted apoptosis. PAK4 silencing also suppressed the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumor in nude mice. Co‐immunocoprecipitation showed that LIMK and PAK4 protein can form complex in osteosarcoma cells. Besides, LIMK1 overexpression reversed the inhibition effect of PAK4 siRNA on the growth of osteosarcoma cells.ConclusionThe expression of PAK4/LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 pathway in osteosarcoma tissues was up‐regulated. Thus, PAK4 inhibition may restrict the osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration but promote its apoptosis via decreasing the activity of LIMK1/Cofilin‐1 pathway.
Hepatic artery thrombosis following living donor liver transplantation: A 14‐year experience at a single center
Authors: Park Jangho , Kim Seong Hoon , Park Sang‐Jae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) following liver transplantation is a serious complication that may lead to graft loss and ultimately death. Retransplantation and surgical recanalization for HAT have traditionally been the predominant methods of treatment. However, with the development of endovascular therapies, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, thrombolysis, and stent insertion, these methods are now mainly used because they allow prompt management.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2018, 756 patients underwent liver transplantation at our institution, and 14 of those patients developed early HAT. All patients underwent endovascular arteriography immediately after the diagnosis of thrombosis. We retrospectively reviewed the 14 patients with HAT.ResultsHepatic artery thrombosis following liver transplantation occurred in 14 patients (1.9%) within 1 month after transplantation. The final success rate of radiological intervention was 71.4% (n = 10). Of the four patients in whom intravenous procedures failed, two ultimately underwent retransplantation and one patient underwent surgical revision of the hepatic artery. Bleeding and rebound thrombosis after the intervention occurred in three patients (21.4%) and four patients (28.6%), respectively.ConclusionEndovascular procedures can be safe and provide prompt recovery in early HAT patients following liver transplantation to prevent graft loss and patient mortality despite the presence of hemorrhage and rebound thrombosis. Immediate endovascular procedure after the end of the transplantation is also necessary in intraoperatively developed HAT instead of several trials of arterial anastomoses to revascularization.
Difference in driver gene expression patterns between perihilar and peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an experimental mouse model
Authors: Adachi Toshiyuki , Adachi Tomohiko , Nakagaki Takehiro , Ono Shinichiro , Hidaka Masaaki , Ito Shinichiro , Kanetaka Kengo , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Nishida Noriyuki , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is based on tumor localization; however, the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the biological characteristics of perihilar and peripheral ICC in a mouse model.MethodsThe model was established by the administration of three oncogenic plasmids harboring myristoylated AKT, mutated human YAP, and pCMV‐Sleeping Beauty into the mice. The perihilar and peripheral ICC tumors that developed in the same mouse were assessed for the expression of cell adhesion factors and driver genes with immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsThe perihilar ICC tumors were irregularly shaped, whereas the peripheral tumors were mostly circular, similar to the differences found in patients. Alpha‐smooth muscle actin was strongly expressed in the perihilar tumors at 10 weeks, and vimentin expression was significantly up‐regulated in the perihilar ICC at 14 weeks. Fgfr2 level significantly increased in peripheral ICC at 10 weeks, whereas Idh2 expression was up‐regulated in perihilar ICC.ConclusionsDespite diffuse injection of oncogenic plasmid, expression of driver genes and oncogenes in ICC tumor cells differs depending on the tumor localization, resulting in changes in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, which may explain the different outcomes of patients with peripheral and perihilar ICC.
Synthesis and antioxidant activity study of carbothioamide and their corresponding thiazole derivatives
Authors: Asma  , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Manju Nagaraja , Sharath Chigahally Lakshmegowda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel series of 5‐(p‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl)‐3‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbothioamides 2a‐f and functionalized 2‐(3‐(aryl)‐5‐(4‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐(3‐arylsydnone‐4‐yl)thiazoles 4a‐l were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by analytical and spectral analysis. From the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method, it was observed that 2d crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system with P21/n space group. The compounds 2d crystallized with cell parameters a = 15.0614 (19) Å, b = 6.0805 (7) Å, c = 20.903 (7) Å, α = 114.136 (6)o, β = 110.709 (14) o, γ = 96.553 (5) o, V = 1790.6 (4) Å3, Z = 4. From the Hirshfeld surface computational method, the major intercontacts present in these molecules are H…H (31.6%), C…H (18.2%) and S…H (12.2%), respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to bleach 2,2'‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical using DPPH scavenging assay. Among the synthesized compounds carbothioamide compounds 2c (90.7%) and 2b (89.8%) exhibited good DPPH scavenging activity compared to the rest of the compounds. Most of the synthesized carbothioamide molecules (2a‐f) found to be potent compared to the thiazole derivatives (4a‐l).
Effects of cobalt and chromium ions on glycolytic flux and the stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α in macrophages in vitro
Authors: Salloum Zeina , Lehoux Eric A. , Harper Mary‐Ellen , Catelas Isabelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImplant wear and corrosion have been associated with adverse tissue reactions that can lead to implant failure. Wear and corrosion products are therefore of great clinical concern. For example, Co2+ and Cr3+ originating from CoCrMo‐based implants have been shown to induce a proinflammatory response in macrophages in vitro. Previous studies have also shown that the polarization of macrophages by some proinflammatory stimuli is associated with a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)‐dependent metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) towards glycolysis. However, the potential of Co2+ and Cr3+ to induce this metabolic shift, which plays a determining role in the proinflammatory response of macrophages, remains largely unexplored. We recently demonstrated that Co2+, but not Cr3+, increased oxidative stress and decreased OXPHOS in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Co2+ and Cr3+ on glycolytic flux and HIF‐1α stabilization in the same experimental model. Cells were exposed to 6 to 24 ppm Co2+ or 50 to 250 ppm Cr3+. Glycolytic flux was determined by analyzing extracellular flux and lactate production, while HIF‐1α stabilization was analyzed by immunoblotting. Results showed that Co2+, and to a lesser extent Cr3+, increased glycolytic flux; however, only Co2+ acted through HIF‐1α stabilization. Overall, these results, together with our previous results showing that Co2+ increases oxidative stress and decreases OXPHOS, suggest that Co2+ (but not Cr3+) can induce a HIF‐1α‐dependent metabolic shift from OXPHOS towards glycolysis in macrophages. This metabolic shift may play an early and pivotal role in the inflammatory response induced by Co2+ in the periprosthetic environment.
Facial nerve repair utilizing intraoperative repair strategies
Authors: Brown Brandon L. , Sandelski Morgan M. , Drejet Sarah M. , Runge Elizabeth M. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Jones Kathryn J. , Walker Chandler L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether functional and anatomical outcomes following suture neurorrhaphy are improved by the addition of electrical stimulation with or without the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG).MethodsIn a rat model of facial nerve injury, complete facial nerve transection and repair was performed via (a) suture neurorrhaphy alone, (b) neurorrhaphy with the addition of brief (30 minutes) intraoperative electrical stimulation, or (c) neurorrhaphy with the addition electrical stimulation and PEG. Functional recovery was assessed weekly for 16 weeks. At 16 weeks postoperatively, motoneuron survival, amount of regrowth, and specificity of regrowth were assessed by branch labeling and tissue analysis.ResultsThe addition of brief intraoperative electrical stimulation improved all functional outcomes compared to suturing alone. The addition of PEG to electrical stimulation impaired this benefit. Motoneuron survival, amount of regrowth, and specificity of regrowth were unaltered at 16 weeks postoperative in all treatment groups.ConclusionThe addition of brief intraoperative electrical stimulation to neurorrhaphy in this rodent model shows promising neurological benefit in the surgical repair of facial nerve injury.Level of EvidenceAnimal study.
The Ring‐Opening Polymerization–Polycondensation (ROPPOC) Approach to Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new concept called ring‐opening polymerization–polycondensation (ROPPOC) is presented and discussed. This synthetic strategy is based on the intermediate formation of chains having two end groups that can react with each other. The ROPPOC syntheses are subdivided into three groups according to the nature of the chain ends: two ionic end groups, one ionic and one covalent chain end, and a combination of two reactive covalent end groups may be involved, depending on the catalyst. The usefulness for the preparation of cyclic polymers is discussed with a review of numerous previously published examples. These examples concern the following classes of cyclic polymers: polypeptides, polyamides, and polyesters, including polycarbonates and cyclic polysiloxanes. It is demonstrated that the results of certain ROPPOC syntheses are in contradiction to the Jacobson–Stockmayer theory. Finally, the usefulness of ROPPOCs for the detection of polydisperse catenanes is discussed.