bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America
Authors: Contosta Alexandra R , Casson Nora J , Nelson Sarah J , Garlick Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Winter is often understudied in ecosystem sciences and viewed as a burden for human systems and infrastructure. However, the importance of winter in regulating ecological processes and shaping human communities has emerged as a topic of great interest, particularly in areas that experience seasonal snow cover. Traditional seasonal definitions may not fully represent below freezing winters and snow accumulation that have historically characterized these areas. Here we: (1) propose the concept of ‘frigid winter’ to address longstanding problems with traditional delineations of winter; and (2) define frigid winter as a period of sustained temperatures below freezing and snow accumulation that together regulate ecological processes and their services. We explore this definition and the changes occurring within it using 100 years of meteorological data from northeastern North America. Trend analysis demonstrates that frigid winters have shortened by ∼3 weeks over the last century, that cold, snowy conditions have become more intermittent, and that the choice of winter delineation (astronomical, meteorological, hibernal, or frigid) influences the apparent rate at which winter conditions disappear.
Air quality and health impacts from the updated industrial emission standards in China
Authors: Yang Haozhe , Tao Wei , Wang Yuqing , Liu Ying , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Yizhou , Tao Shu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To improve air quality, China has been increasing the stringency of national emission standards for industrial sectors. However, from the projected air quality and associated health impacts it is not known if the updated emission limits have been completely followed. Here, we develop emission inventories based on the emission limits at different stages and use the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model and health impact function to determine the potential air quality and health impacts for different scenarios. We found that full implementation of the special emission standards would decrease PM2.5 concentrations by over 25% in April, July and October, and decrease O3 concentrations in July by 10%–20%. Overall, the number of PM2.5-related premature deaths could be reduced by 0.15 million (95% confidence level 0.13–0.17 million) if special emission limits were met and that O3-related premature deaths would decrease by 18oo (95% confidence level 500–3000). However, even with these special emission limits, a greater than 25% increase in O3 levels occurred in northern China during October, January and April, leading to an increase in O3-related premature deaths in northern provinces which would offset the decrease in provincial PM2.5-related mortality by 10%–20%. These findings indicate that emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) should be reduced to avoid increases in O3 in VOC-limited provinces. Despite the increase in O3 in certain provinces, improvement of industrial emission standards could greatly limit PM2.5 pollution and reduce the associated health burden. Therefore, we suggest that government should accelerate full implementation of strict emission standards in order to improve air quality.
Advancing the integration of ecosystem services and livelihood adaptation
Authors: King Elizabeth G , Nelson Donald R , McGreevy John R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Around the world today, the magnitude and rates of environmental, social, and economic change are undermining the sustainability of many rural societies that rely directly on natural resources for their livelihoods. Sustainable development efforts seek to promote livelihood adaptations that enhance food security and reduce social-ecological vulnerability, but these efforts are hampered by the difficulty of understanding the complexity and dynamism of rural livelihood systems. Disparate research avenues are strengthening our ability to grapple with complexity. But we are only just beginning to find ways to simultaneously account for problematic complexities, including multiscalar feedbacks in the ecosystems that that support livelihoods, the heterogeneous benefits garnered by different segments of society, and the complex contingencies that constrain people’s decisions and capacities to adapt. To provide a more nuanced analysis of the dynamics of transformation in rural livelihood systems, we identified key complementarities between four different research approaches, enabling us to integrate them in a novel research framework that can guide empirical and modeling research on livelihood adaptation. The framework capitalizes upon parallel concepts of sequentiality in (1) ecosystem services and (2) livelihood adaptation scholarship, then incorporates principles from (3) adaptation in social-ecological systems research to account for the dynamism inherent in these often rapidly-transforming systems. Lastly, we include advances in (4) agent-based modeling, which couples human decisions and land use change and provides tools to incorporate complex social-ecological feedbacks in simulation studies of livelihood adaptation. Here we describe the new Ecosystem Services—Livelihood Adaptation (ESLA) framework, explain how it links the contributing approaches, and illustrate its application with two case studies. We offer guidance for its implementation in empirical and modeling research, and conclude with a discussion of current challenges in sustainability science and the contributions that could be gained through research guided by the ESLA framework.
A study on rice field farmer implementation of rice straw composting
Authors: Muliarta I N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rice straw is an abundant material which can be utilized as an ingredient in organic fertilizer or compost. Especially since various laboratories test also found that rice straw, which tends to be viewed as farm waste, contains beneficial nutrients, which aid in plant growth and in maintaining soil fertility. In actual practice, rice straw often left wasting unused, disposed mostly by burning. Hence it necessitated a survey to learn the percentage of farmers that compost rice straw within an area to be undertaken, especially at regions that have been designated as rice cultivation center. The study was conducted in three districts in Klungkung region, e.g., Banjarangkan, Klungkung, and Dawan. Klungkung region was chosen as a research site due to its inclusion as one of the areas where the national program of rice, corn, and soybean (Pajale) development was being undertaken. The survey for this study was conducted by giving out questionnaires and interviews. The survey was conducted with 89 respondents. The results found in this study revealed that there was no farmer who composted rice straw. It was found that 97.75% of farmers admitted not to compost their rice straw due to their lack of knowledge on the way and means of rice straw composting. In fact, it was found that 74.16% of farmers have no notion that rice straw could be turned into compost. This data was in line with results found from interviewing 12 extension worker officials who fully admitted that they were never done any socializing effort on rice straw compost at all. It was found that 97.75% of farmers admit not to compost their rice straw due to their lack of knowledge on the way and means of rice straw composting.
A green engineering approach to simultaneously removing organic and nitrogenous substances in wastewater
Authors: Yunardi  , Munawar E , Hisbullah  , Rinaldi W , Fathanah U , Djawad M I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the performance of an algae bioreactor on the simultaneous removal of organic and nitrogenous substances under varied illumination period and light intensity. An aerobic bioreactor having an effective volume of three litters was operated in fill and draw mode of four days per cycle. The algae of Chlorella sp were grown in the bioreactor fed with simulated wastewater. The bioreactor received the light, which was set with a period of 12-hour light-ON, followed by 12-hour light-OFF, and a continuous 24-hour light-ON. The light intensities were varied at various levels of 5,000; 7,500; 10,000; and 12,500 lux. The result of the research showed that the algae bioreactor was capable of removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) up to 57.56% at the light intensity of 5,000 lux and up to 68.83% at the light intensity of 10,000 lux. The removal of ammonium at light intensities of 5,000 and 10,000 lux was obtained as 52,42 and 73,55%, respectively. The highest algae concentration of 1.5 × 106 individual/ml was observed at the light intensity of 10,000 lux. The above results suggested that the removal of organic and nitrogenous substances has simultaneously occurred in the algae bioreactor.
Green inventory controlling analysis of coal using the lot sizing technique: Lesson learned form nickel mining industry
Authors: Asmal S , Darmawan A , Mulyadi  , Mudiastuti R D , Nilda  , Tappang A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Companies, including PT Vale Indonesia (PTVI), generally should implement inventory control. PTVI use approximately 32,077 tons per month coal as a heating catalyst on the reducing furnace. There were several periods in 2017 and 2018 where the coal inventory exceed the safety stock and maximum stock level with the total cost of IDR 616,059,680.00 in 2017 and IDR 669,720,480.00 in 2018. In order to analyze and solve that stock problems, this research used the Lot-Sizing technique with Lot for Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Part Period Balancing (PPB), and the Silver-Meal Algorithm (SMA) methods to obtain the demand and appropriate order time, by considering the lead time factor, safety stock, and reorder point to obtain the efficient costs. As a result, the safety stock value was 7,922 tons with reorder point 18,674 tons. The PPB and SMA methods gave the most minimum total inventory cost of IDR 437,021,589,280 and efficiency of 34.74%.
The reaction time of subject groups in rest conditions due to the activity room’s microclimate: A laboratory tests
Authors: Bakri I , Mudiastuti R D , Mulyadi  , Anwar H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction time for participants aged 18-22 years (Group A) and 35-45 years (Group B). Data collection was done by measuring the reaction time ability and respondent’s subjective response to the air conditions (AC) setting of 18°C (AC-18), 24°C (AC-24), and Non AC (Control). Results show that in the 18°C AC setting the reaction time of Group A with regular stimulus was slower than Group B. Whereas by giving random stimulus, the reaction time of Group B was slower compared to Group A. In the condition of the room with AC 24°C and AC settings not used (T = 26.19 ± 0.55°C), ordered and random stimulus reaction time of Group B slower than Group A. Furthermore, there is a somewhat different trend between subjective sensation felt by Group A and Group B. The reduced sensitivity of taste senses on the skin part is likely to cause respondents in Group B to feel COLD slower than Group A. Likewise in the thermal comfort trend, where Group A looks more sensitive to changes in existing air conditioning settings. In general, this study shows the importance of including age factors in the design of intelligent AC controlling systems that are more environmentally friendly.
The supply chain risk analysis using House of Risk method: seaweed commodity in Jeneponto case study
Authors: Parenreng S M , Rusman M , Nilda  , Darmawan A , Bakri I , Nurhidayat  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Seaweed development involves the supply chain activity related to sources of raw material, production, and distribution process, yet well organized. The risk opportunity in each those aspects becomes the main obstacle. This study discusses the risk of raw material supply, production, and distribution process at the seaweed commodity in Jeneponto, one of the centers of seaweed development center in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to design the proposed risk management occurred in the supply chain activity. The House of Risk is a method applied in this research, which is the integration between Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and the House of Quality methods. The result shows that the main risk prioritized was the lack of seed supply (8.53%), water contamination (7.82%), and the cost fluctuation by the company (8.09%). The proposed preventive action to prevent those risks was to give joint-managed nurseries establishment, drowning longline on forecast-based, and establish better communication with the company before collection.
Growth and development of Theobroma cacao seedlings as a response to different dosages of vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Padjung R , Saad S H , Bahrun A H , Ridwan I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the response of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings to the application of vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from February to July 2018. The trial was set using a randomized block design (RBD). Three vermicompost dosages set as the first factor were 0, 25, and 50 g polybag-1, and three dosages of AMF used as the second factor were 0, 6, and 12 g polybag-1. The results showed that the application of 50 g polybag-1 of vermicompost and 6 g polybag-1 of AMF resulted in better seedling growth indicated by a higher number of leaves and stem diameter. The use of 25 g polybag-1 of vermicompost and 6 g polybag-1 of AMF increased the shoot and root fresh weight. Shoot:root ratio of the cocoa seedlings as the response of the plant to the application of vermicompost and AMF ranged between 0.38 and 0.53 compared to controls for both treatments ranged between 0.31 and 0.51.
Effect of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. on the growth and production of True Seed Shallots (TSS)
Authors: Haring F , Rostia  , Syam’un E , Ginting N M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A study aimed to determine the effect of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. on the growth and production of True Seed Shallots (TSS) was conducted from April to October 2018 at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The experiment was set using a Randomized Group Design (RBD) replicated three times. The first factor was the application of Trichoderma sp. which consisted of three levels, namely control; 2 g per plant; 4 g per plant, while the second factor was the application of Streptomyces sp. consisted of three levels, namely: control; 104 cfu L-1; 108 cfu L-1. The results show that the treatment of Trichoderma sp. at a dose of 4 g per plant resulted in better growth and production of shallots on the observed parameters ie. fresh weight of the bulbs per plot (686.60 g), dry weight of the bulbs per plot (532.48 g), production per plot (0.56 kg) and production per hectare (5.61 tons ha-1). No significant effect of Streptomyces sp. observed. Application of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. on TSS tended to resulted in better growth and yield was the combination treatment of Trichoderma sp. 4 g per plant and Streptomyces sp. 104 cfu L-1 with an average production of 5.84 tons ha-1.
Growth and production of seven soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a coastal area
Authors: Jaya A M , Iswoyo H , Amril  , Situmorang F C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in Barombong, Makassar City, to determine the growth and production of several soybean varieties on coastal land. The research was an experiment designed by a randomized block design with seven soybean varieties as treatments, namely Ijen, Wilis, Anjasmoro, Sinabung, Burangrang, Tanggamus, and Kaba. Each treatment was repeated four times, making a total of 28 experimental units. Results showed that all varieties could adapt to the coastal area. However, Anjasmoro provided the best growth and production based on variables of plant height (58.50 cm), the weight of 100 seeds (14.93 g), seeds weight per plot (447.65 g) and seed production per hectare (1.70 tons ha-1). Ijen variety only gave the highest value on the number of leaves (20 strands) and the earliest 50% flowering age, (33.5 days). Kaba variety only gave the highest value on productive branches (2.75 branches) and the earliest 50% flowering age (33.5 days). Sinabung variety only gave the highest value on the number of pods per plant (30.9 pods) and the lowest percentage of empty pods (17.33%). Burangrang variety gave the earliest harvesting time at 85.5 days.
Growth and production of determinate tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) with application package of bio-slurry
Authors: Mantja K , Mollah A , Fitriani N , Parlindungan J Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) with the application of liquid bio-slurry fertilizer at different concentration and interval of application. The design of this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of eight packages of liquid bio-slurry treatment and fertilization intervals with three replications. Eight packages of treatments are: 60 ml L-1 & 3-day interval; 60 ml L-1 & 6-day interval; 120 ml L-1 & 3-day interval; 120 ml L-1 & 6-day interval; 180 ml L-1 & 3-day interval; 180 ml L-1 & 6-day interval; 240 ml L-1 & 3-day interval; and 240 ml L-1 & 6-day interval. The results showed that the treatment package significantly affected all parameters. The package of 240 ml L-1 & 3-day interval gave the best results on the parameters of average plant height of 7 weeks after planting (wap) (107.53 cm), age of harvest (73 dap), and fruit production parameter (316.83 g).
Analysis on correlation of cultivation practices on production of Arabica coffee
Authors: Musa Y , Iswoyo H , Sarif L , Herdjiono M V I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study which was conducted to analyze the effects of maintenance practices of Arabica coffee on production. The location of the study was in a coffee production center of Tompobulu Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was in the form of a survey supported by literature study, observation, and interviews. Sample selection was purposive sampling and analyzed by multiple linear regression data. The results show that coffee productivity in Cikoro Village, Tompobulu Subdistrict, Gowa Regency is still low at 0.53 kg per tree. The multiple linear regression equation of Arabica coffee productivity obtained is Y = 351,487 + 53,331X1 + 5,324X2 + 7,108X3 + 1,967X4 + 5,080X5 + 3,889X6 + 5,407X7 + 9,420X8 + 5,307X9. Fertilizer dose and rejuvenation trimming variables had very significant effects. Other variables, namely fertilization frequency, fertilization method, fertilization time, shape trimming, production pruning, sanitation, and pest control, did not significantly affect the productivity of arabica coffee plants. Maintenance practices could increase the production and productivity of Arabica coffee plants in study location, especially on fertilizer dosage aspects and rejuvenation trimming.
Growth of passion fruit plants on various origins of cuttings and concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Kasim N , Amin R , Mariyati T , Nurvitasari E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is a report of an experiment aimed to determine part of branch cutting along with the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer which is best for the growth of passion fruit seedling. The experiment took place in Lemo-Lemo Village, Sub-district of Pattapang-Tinggi Moncong, Regency of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The experiment was designed in the form of a 2-factor factorial experiment in a Randomized Block Design. The first factor consisted of four levels of concentration of liquid organic fertilizer, namely: (1) without application of liquid fertilizer, (2) concentration of 5 mL L-1, (3) concentration of 10 mL L-1, and (4) concentration of 15 mL L-1. The second factor was the source of cuttings with three levels: (1) base cutting, (2) middle cutting, and (3) tip cutting. The results showed that application of liquid organic fertilizer of 10 mL of L-1 gave the best influence on several variables. They were shoot length (38.33 cm), number of leaves (9.17 leaf unit), number of branches (7.33 branch), length root (22.27 cm), and leaf area (13.81 cm2). Compared to base and tip cuttings, the middle cuttings gave the best influence on several variables. These variables were: shoot length (38.33 cm), number of leaves (9.17 leaf unit), number of branches (7.33 branches), root length (22.27 cm), and leaf area (15.67 cm2). The interaction between the concentration of 10 ml L-1 and the middle cutting gave the best effect on shoot length (38.33 cm) and root length (22.27 cm).
Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Miller) flour in broiler ration towards the ratio of Heterophyl Lymphocyte (H/L) and percentage of the relative weight of the lymphoid organ
Authors: Namirah  , Mujnisa A , Jamilah  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Phytobiotics had the immunomodulatory effects which known to increase the broiler immunity. Aloe contains acemannan and flavonoids with the effect of immunomodulator. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal level of Aloe barbadensis Miller flour to improve broiler immunity. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replications, T0: ration without aloe flour (control group), T1: ration + 0.075% aloe flour, T2: ration + 0.100% aloe flour, and T3: ration + aloe flour 0.125%. Eighty broilers were reared intensively and treatments given for 42 days. The ratio of heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) and the percentage of the relative weight of lymphoid organ was determined at day-42. Results showed that aloe flour had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the ratio of heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) and (P<0.05) on the percentage of the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, but did not significantly affect the percentage of the relative weight of the spleen. The lowest (H/L) heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was T3 (0.29), and the highest was T0 (0.65). The highest relative weight percentage of the bursa of Fabricius was T3 (0.09%) and the lowest was T0 (0.05%). The relative weight percentage of the spleen was similar in group T0, T1 and T2, 0.12%, while T3 was 0.13% of the body weight. The addition of Aloe barbadensis Miller flour with a level of 0.125% (T3) in broiler ration tend to increase immunity through a decrease in the ratio of heterophil/lymphocytes (H/L) and increase in weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen.
Effect of various polyethylene glycol concentrations on the growth of seedlings of Indigofera zollingeriana
Authors: Nadir M , Ansyar I , Khaerani P I , Syamsuddin  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of dry land for the cultivation of Indigofera zollingeriana is an effort to develop forages in the dry season, especially on the land lacked of water. The study was aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 stress on I. zollingeriana seeds by evaluation of drought tolerance test from germination to nursery phase. The study was compiled based on a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments and three groups. The treatment groups were as follow: P1=water without PEG (control), P2= water+5% PEG (10 g/liter of water), P3=water+10% PEG (20 g/liter of water), P4=water+15% PEG (30 g/liter of water), and P5=water+20% PEG (40 g/liter of water). The parameters observed in this study were the root length, growth percentage, and leaf area index. Results showed that the seeds of I. zollingeriana were able to adapt to drought at the PEG concentration of 20%, despite the salt stress which affected the plant growth.