bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of arrhythmia during follow‐up of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Stampe Niels K. , Jespersen Camilla B. , Glinge Charlotte , Bundgaard Henning , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Winkel Bo G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe current knowledge of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is limited. We aimed to investigate the nature of IVF, including clinical assessment and later diagnosis, and risk factors of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in the follow‐up period.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2019 we systematically identified all patients from Rigshospitalet, Denmark, with a resuscitated sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) with no identifiable cause. All patients were followed routinely in the ICD outpatient clinic and the majority also in an inherited heart disease outpatient clinic. Outcomes were analysed with Cox regressions models and cumulative incidence curves.ResultsWe identified 84 patients with an initial diagnosis of IVF; of these, three (3.6%) patients were later diagnosed with a cardiac disease. The remaining IVF patients (n = 81, median age 45 years; men 71.6%) were followed a median follow‐up of 5.2 years (interquartile range, 2.0–7.6). A total of 24 (29.6%) patients had appropriate ICD therapy and 12 (14.8%) patients had inappropriate ICD therapy. No predominant type of ventricular arrhythmia at first appropriate ICD therapy was observed. Early repolarization at baseline was not associated with an increased risk of appropriate ICD therapy (P = .842). Repeated cardiac arrest at index SCA increased the risk of appropriate ICD therapy (hazard ratio, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.08–6.40; P = .033]).ConclusionMost patients remained idiopathic throughout the follow‐up period and the overall long‐term prognosis of IVF was good. Repeated cardiac arrest at index SCA was a risk factor of appropriate ICD therapy and early repolarization was not associated with an increased risk of appropriate ICD therapy.
LV only pacing‐mediated electrical storm with cardiac resynchronization therapy managed by simultaneous biventricular pacing
Authors: Kella Danesh K. , Kantipudi Charan , Stambler Bruce S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVentricular arrhythmia (VA) is a rare complication of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Little is known about ventricular proarrhythmia related to the pacing vector of CRT. This case report describes the elimination of ventricular arrythmia using biventricular pacing in a patient with VT‐storm related to LV only pacing as part of the AdaptivCRT algorithm (Medtronic Inc). Simultaneous biventricular pacing was effective in eliminating polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Changing the pacing vector is a noninvasive treatment strategy that should be considered to manage VA due to CRT.
Comprehensive role of prostate‐specific antigen identified with proteomic analysis in prostate cancer
Authors: Li Haoyong , Ma Zhe , Che Zhifei , Li Qi , Fan Jinfeng , Zhou Zhiyan , Wu Yaoxi , Jin Yingxia , Liang Peiyu , Che Xianping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent treatments including androgen deprivation fail to prevent prostate cancer (PrCa) from progressing to castration‐resistant PrCa (CRPC). Accumulating evidence highlights the relevance of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in the development and progression of PrCa. The underlying mechanism whereby PSA functions in PrCa, however, has yet been elucidated. We demonstrated that PSA knockdown attenuated tumorigenesis and metastasis of PrCa C4‐2 cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas promoted the apoptosis in vitro. To illuminate the comprehensive role of PSA in PrCa, we performed an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic analysis to explore the proteomic change induced by PSA knockdown. Among 121 differentially expressed proteins, 67 proteins were up‐regulated, while 54 proteins down‐regulated. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the mechanism through which PSA exerts influence on PrCa. Protein‐protein interaction analysis showed that PSA may mediate POTEF, EPHA3, RAD51C, HPGD and MCM4 to promote the initiation and progression of PrCa. We confirmed that PSA knockdown induced the up‐regulation of MCM4 and RAD51C, while it down‐regulated POTEF and EPHA3; meanwhile, MCM4 was higher in PrCa para‐cancerous tissue than in cancerous tissue, suggesting that PSA may facilitate the tumorigenesis by mediating MCM4. Our findings suggest that PSA plays a comprehensive role in the development and progression of PrCa.
Detection of the parasitic nematode, Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, in zebrafish tissues and environmental DNA in research aquaria
Authors: Norris Lauren , Lawler Noah , Hunkapiller Andree , Mulrooney Donna M. , Kent Michael L. , Sanders Justin L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough zebrafish continue to increase in popularity as a vertebrate animal model for biomedical research, chronic infectious diseases in laboratory populations remain prevalent. The presence of pathogens such as Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, a parasitic nematode found in the intestine of infected zebrafish, can significantly influence experimental endpoints and negatively impact reproducibility of research findings. Thus, there is a need for screening tests for zebrafish with the sensitivity to detect even low levels of pathogens present in tissues. Assays based on the detection of DNA are commonly used for such screening tests. Newer technologies such as digital PCR provide an opportunity to improve the sensitivity and precision of these assays, so they can be reliably used to detect pathogen DNA in water, reducing the need for lethal testing. We have designed a qPCR‐based assay with the sensitivity to detect less than 5 copies of the P. tomentosa SSU‐rDNA gene in tissues of infected zebrafish and environmental DNA from aquarium water housing infected fish. In addition, we adapted this test to a dPCR platform to provide a precise quantification of P. tomentosa DNA and demonstrate the resistance of this assay to inhibitors commonly found in freshwater aquaria.
Modelling the effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of nervous necrosis virus in grouper larvaeEpinephelus coioides
Authors: Lu Tien‐Hsuan , Chen Chi‐Yun , Yang Ying‐Fei , Liao Chung‐Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection in susceptible grouper larvae has been reported to cause high mortalities, leading to great economic losses in aquaculture industry. Although the effects of NNV vaccines on grouper have been broadly investigated, vaccination strategies have not been fully established. To this end, we introduced the parsimonious epidemiological models that explored the assessment of key epidemiological parameters and how they changed when vaccinations showed the effects. We showed that the models capture the published cumulative mortality data accurately. We estimated a basic reproduction numberR0 = 2.44 for NNV transmission in grouper larvae without vaccination. To effectively control NNV transmission by vaccination, a model for disease control was also generalized to attain the goals of controlled reproduction number less than 1. Our results indicated that at least 60% of grouper population needed to be immunized for ~75 min. Our data‐driven modelling approach that links the transmission dynamics of NNV and vaccination strategies for grouper has the potential to support evidence‐based planning and adaptation of integrated control measures. We encourage that the epidemiology‐based framework introduced here can be further implemented for establishing effective vaccination and mitigation actions aimed at controlling diseases in fish farming practices.
Rapid and miniaturized method for detection of hygiene indicators, Escherichia coli and coliforms, in dairy products
Authors: Kadyan Saurabh , Kumar Naresh , Lawaniya Ramakant , Sharma Pradeep Kumar , Arora Bhawna , Tehri Nimisha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent investigation was aimed to develop colorimetric tests for rapid detection of Escherichia coli/coliforms. These test (s) for E. coli and coliforms were developed using the modified E. coli selective medium (M‐ECSM) and coliform selective medium, respectively. The selective media contain a combination of group specific marker enzymes and selective agents. The marker enzymes were screened using chromogenic substrates wherein β‐D‐glucuronidase and glutamate decarboxylase were found specific for E. coli while β‐D‐galactosidase for coliforms. The selectivity of the media was achieved using different concentrations of ampicillin and gentamicin. The optimized test procedures enabled sensitive detection of 0.35 ± 0.10 log cfu/ml of E. coli and 0.57 ± 0.15 log cfu/ml of coliforms at 37°C within 14.30 ± 0.45 and 12.15 ± 0.30 hr, respectively. M‐ECSM selectively inhibited major Enterobacteriaceae contaminants (Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia) up to 6 log cfu/ml. Moreover, better selectivity of M‐ECSM was reported against tested commercial chromogenic media. Field evaluation of developed test (s) reported prevalence of E. coli/coliforms as 57.29/88.54% in 96 raw milk and 16.28/51.16% in 43 pasteurized milk samples. Further, test components were vacuum dried in the form of miniaturized point‐of‐need test for field application in dairy farms and industries with minimal infrastructural requirements.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 2019 novel coronavirus disease patients presenting with initial gastrointestinal symptoms in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Shihua , Deng Zhiqing , Zhang Xiaochun , Pan Zhenyu , Xu Haibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) could present with gastrointestinal symptoms without fever or respiratory manifestations, which could be overlooked by health‐care providers. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in patients presenting with initial gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsWe evaluated all confirmed cases of COVID‐19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 10 and February 29, 2020. We divided these patients into two groups: patients with initial gastrointestinal symptoms (group A, n = 183) and patients with respiratory syndrome and/or fever (group B, n = 1228). The clinical characteristics, radiological features, and laboratory data were assessed.ResultsThe clinical procedures of both groups underwent 1–2 weeks rising period and were downward trend at 3 weeks; less than 5% of patients progressed to critical illness. In both groups, mean leukocyte count (P = 0.354) and lymphocyte count (P = 0.386) were below normal, and C‐reactive protein level was elevated (P = 0.412). There was mild liver function injury (aspartate aminotransferase, 65.8 ± 12.7 vs 67.4 ± 9.3 U/L, P = 0.246; alanine aminotransferase, 66.4 ± 13.2 vs 69.6 ± 12.7 U/L, P = 0.352), and normal renal function was intact (blood urea nitrogen 6.4 ± 2.5 vs 5.6 ± 2.8 mmol/L P = 0.358; creatinine 85.7 ± 37.2, 91.2 ± 32.6 μmol/L, P = 0.297). After a series of treatment, 176 and 1169 were stable and alive in groups A and B, respectively. The survival rate did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.313).ConclusionCOVID‐19 patients presented with initial gastrointestinal symptoms had similar clinical characteristics and outcomes, when compared with patients with fever and respiratory symptoms.
Response of Kalahari vegetation to seasonal climate and herbivory: Results of 15 years of vegetation monitoring
Authors: Schmiedel Ute , Jacke Vasco , Hachfeld Berit , Oldeland Jens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestionsThe arid Kalahari is prone to desertification as a result of climate change and/or land use. We analysed the effects of climatic variables and game herbivory on the vegetation composition to answer the question of how different life‐form types respond to climate, browsers and grazers as drivers of vegetation change.LocationThe study was situated in the arid savanna of the South African Kalahari.MethodsVegetation monitoring was conducted on 20 randomly selected permanent plots (100 m2) within a biodiversity observatory. For each plot, individuals per species (abundance) were counted annually and grouped into eight life‐form types (annual and perennial graminoid and annual and perennial forb, geophyte, dwarf shrub, large shrub and tree). We ran generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) with abundance per life‐form type as response variable and a seasonal drought index (Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index [SPEI]), total annual rainfall, year, density of large game and springbok as fixed effects, plot as random effect and year as random slope.ResultsSeasonal SPEI and density of large game and springbok had the strongest effect on abundance per life‐form type. Annual rainfall did not show any effect. The grazing large game had positive effects on the abundance of herbaceous life forms and dwarf shrubs. The predominantly browsing springbok had negative effects on perennial forbs, dwarf shrubs and trees. Directional trends in abundance per life form over time (increase of annual and decrease of perennial graminoids and forbs, increase of large shrubs) and decrease of total annual cover suggest early stages of vegetation degradation and shrub encroachment in response to both herbivory and climate.ConclusionsOur study showed that studies aimed at understanding the dynamics of arid systems should include both variance of intra‐annual climatic conditions and herbivore density as environmental drivers, related to abundance per life‐form/strategy type to reveal their specific responses to the environment.
Agroforestry diversity, indigenous food consumption and nutritional outcomes in Sauria Paharia tribal women of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Ghosh‐Jerath Suparna , Kapoor Ridhima , Singh Archna , Nilima  , Downs Shauna , Goldberg Gail , Fanzo Jessica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLike several indigenous populations, Sauria Paharias, a vulnerable indigenous tribal group residing in a biodiverse environment of Jharkhand, India, have high levels of undernutrition. We assessed agroforestry and dietary diversity, food consumption especially indigenous food (IF) intake and nutritional status of Sauria Paharia women through a cross‐sectional study conducted in 18 villages of Godda district, Jharkhand. Household level information was elicited through household surveys including a dietary survey and a food frequency questionnaire. Twenty‐four‐hour dietary recalls (24 HDR) and anthropometric assessments were taken on one randomly selected woman per household. An index, Food Accessed Diversity Index (FADI) created to measure agroforestry diversity, showed a low mean score of 0.21 ± 0.15 and range: 0, 0.85. Fifty‐nine percent of women consumed any IF during 24 HDR. Median minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD‐W) was 3 (acceptable score ≥5). More than 96% of women had intakes below estimated average requirements for all nutrients studied (energy; vitamins A, C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine; folate; iron; calcium and zinc) except protein; 41% women were underweight. IF consumption was independently associated with calcium and vitamin A intake. Decision trees developed for micronutrient consumption at different levels of MDD‐W score and IF consumption scenarios revealed 1.3 to 2.9 times higher consumption of micronutrients among women with MDD‐W ≥ 3 or 4. Strategies like agricultural extension programmes promoting indigenous varieties and nutrition education for increasing dietary diversity with IFs have potential to address undernutrition in Sauria Paharia women.
Long‐term follow‐up of the two‐incision implantation technique for the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
Authors: van der Stuijt Willeke , Baalman Sarah W.E. , Brouwer Tom F. , Quast Anne‐Floor B.E. , de Groot Joris R. , Knops Reinoud E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe two‐incision implantation technique of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) was introduced as an alternative to the standard three‐incision approach by omitting the superior parasternal incision. Thereby, complications may be prevented. Short‐term follow‐up demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the two‐incision technique. However, long‐term results are lacking.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients implanted between February 2009 and June 2020. Patients were divided into a group of patients who were implanted with the standard three‐incision technique and a group who were implanted with the two‐incision technique. Outcomes were defibrillation impedance and efficacy and complications requiring intervention.ResultsA total of 268 patients were included (age 42.4 ± 16.6 years, 35.4% female, BMI 25.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2). Thirty‐one patients underwent S‐ICD implantation with the three‐incision technique and 237 patients with the two‐incision technique. First shock efficacy during defibrillation testing was 93% in the three‐incision group versus 94% in the two‐incision group (P = .69), and shock impedance was 85 versus 68 ohms (P = .04). First shock success was 75% versus 76% for spontaneous episodes (P = 1.00). Complication‐free survival at 5‐year follow‐up in the three‐incision group was estimated at 0.96 (95% CI 0.90‐1.00) versus 0.98 (95% CI 0.96‐1.00) in the two‐incision group (P = .20) and for inappropriate shocks at 5‐year 0.77 (95% CI 0.63‐0.94) versus 0.83 (95% CI 0.77‐0.89, P = .30), respectively.ConclusionFive‐year follow‐up in this S‐ICD cohort showed similar complication rates and effectiveness of two‐incision technique compared to the three‐incision technique. This technique offers physicians a less invasive and more simplified implantation procedure for the S‐ICD, with a better cosmetic result.
Scar nonexcitability using simultaneous pacing for substrate ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Anderson Robert D. , Lee Geoffrey , Campbell Timothy , Bennett Richard G. , Kizana Eddy , Watts Troy , Kalman Jonathan , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe an expedited strategy of simultaneous high‐output pacing during radiofrequency ablation to achieve scar homogenization and electrical inexcitability as an approach for substrate ablation for scar‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT).BackgroundScar homogenization with additional testing for electrical inexcitability is known endpoints for catheter ablation, but achieving both can be time consuming. We describe a strategy of simultaneous pacing during radiofrequency ablation to expedite this approach.Methods and resultsTen patients (age 74 ± 6 years; all men, (LV) ejection fraction of 33% ± 8%, ischemic cardiomyopathy, 9; VT storm, 7) underwent scar homogenization with electrical inexcitability to pacing (10 mA, 9 ms pulse width), as well as noninducibility of any VT as an acute procedural endpoint. Thirty‐four VTs were inducible in 10 patients with a total of 1127 ablation lesions applied. Median ablation lesions per patient were 97 (interquartile range [IQR]25‐75 71‐151), and the total ablation time was 49 minutes (IQR25‐75 45‐56 minutes) with average duration per lesion of 32.2 seconds (IQR25‐75 25.8‐37.8 seconds). Average power was 33 W (IQR25‐75 32‐38 W), average contact force was 13 g (IQR25‐75 11.9‐14.6 g) with a median impedance drop of 9.6 Ω/lesion (IQR25‐75 8.1‐10.0 Ω). There were no ventricular fibrillation episodes using this strategy. The median procedure time was 246 minutes (IQR25‐75 214‐293 minutes). Acute procedural success was seen in nine patients with 97% of VTs noninducible.ConclusionSimultaneous ablation with high output pacing to achieve scar inexcitability, when combined with scar homogenization and noninducibility of any VT may be an expeditious, safe, and effective technique for catheter ablation.
Stumbling out of the gate: The energy‐based implications of morning routine disruption
Authors: McClean Shawn T. , Koopman Joel , Yim Junhyok , Klotz Anthony C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite academic and practical advice regarding the virtues of daily routines for effective work performance, such routines are vulnerable to disruption from any number of sources. To understand whether and how routine disruptions affect employees at work, we draw on cognitive energetics theory (CET) and explore the potential negative consequences of morning routine disruptions on employees’ energy allocations at work. Moreover, given that CET is fundamentally a theory of goal attainment, we examine the downstream impact of routine disruptions on employees’ work goal progress. Results from two daily experience‐sampling studies show that when employees’ morning routines were disrupted, employees experienced higher levels of depletion and reduced calmness. In turn, depletion was associated negatively, and calmness was associated positively, with daily work engagement. Finally, daily work engagement was positively related to subsequent daily goal progress. These findings have important implications for our understanding of employees’ morning routines and the ways that disruptions to those routines ripple through employees’ workdays.
Brain oscillatory activity associated with switch and mixing costs during reactive control
Authors: Capizzi Mariagrazia , Ambrosini Ettore , Arbula Sandra , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTask‐switching paradigms, which involve task repetitions and between‐task switches, have long been used as a benchmark of cognitive control processes. When mixed and single‐task blocks are presented, two types of costs usually occur: the switch cost, measured by contrasting performance on switch and repeat trials during the mixed‐task blocks, and the mixing cost, calculated as the performance difference between the all‐repeat trials from the single‐task blocks and the repeat trials from the mixed‐task blocks. Both costs can be mitigated by informational cues that signal the upcoming task switch beforehand. Recent electroencephalographic studies have started unveiling the brain oscillatory activity underlying the switch cost during the preparatory cue‐target interval, thus, targeting proactive control processes. Less attention has instead been paid to the mixing cost and, importantly, to the oscillatory dynamics involved in switch and mixing costs during reactive control. To fill this gap, here, we analyzed the time‐frequency data obtained during a task‐switching paradigm wherein the simultaneous presentation of task cues and targets increased the need for reactive control. Results showed that while alpha and beta bands were modulated by switch and mixing costs in a similar gradual fashion, with greater suppression going from switch to repeat and all‐repeat trials, theta power was sensitive to the switch cost with increased power for switch than repeat trials. Together, our findings join previous studies underlining the importance of theta, alpha and beta oscillations in task‐switching and extend them by depicting the oscillations involved in switch and mixing costs during reactive control processes.