bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ستراتيجية النسيان - مراجعة نقدية لأقصاء المرأة فلسفيا -
Authors: الزيدي باقر ابراهيم 
Published: February 2020

يحاول البحث ان يقدم اجابة عن السر وراء غياب المرأة عن تاريخ الفلسفة حضورا ومشاركة ، واقصد بتاريخ الفلسفة هذه المدونات الكبيرة التي تؤرخ للفلسفة في مختلف عصورها ومراحلها ،وليس البحث عن لماذا غابت المرأة فعليا عن النشاط الفلسفي ، لان هذا وهم كبير اذ يبين البحث ويكشف عن مشاركة واسعة وجدية للمرأة في مختلف حقول الفلسفة ، وان السر يكمن في ان هناك ستراتيجية تواضع عليها الرجال من الفلاسفة او من مدوني تاريخها على استبعاد النساء ،انه تحيز رجولي محض يكشف عن آلية للهيمنة والسيطرة ا كثر مما يدين للموضوعية وشروط البحث العلمي .
العــنـف السياســي (دراسة نفسية)
Authors: الحصناوي سعد عبد الزهرة , بريسم علي عبد الحسين 
Published: February 2020

تقدم الدراسة بعض المعلومات الهامة حول موضوع من أهم موضوعات علم النفس السياسي حيث تمكن هذه المعلومات من تقديم صورة واضحة ومبسطة للقارئ في مجال علم النفس السياسي وتجعله يلم بهذا الموضوع وتفاصيله فضلاً عن الاستفادة من المعلومات في تقديم تصور بسيط عن العنف السياسي في العراق من حيث الأسباب و سبل المعالجة ، حيث تضمنت الدراسة المحاور الآتية :
المحور الأول : ( التعريف بالعنف السياسي) ويتضمن :

مقدمة
تعريف العنف السياسي ، حركة واتجاه العنف السياسي ، اشكال العنف السياسي

المحور الثاني : (التمييز بين العنف السياسي وبعض المفاهيم ) مثل :

العنف السياسي والإرهاب السياسي
العنف السياسي والصراع السياسي
العنف السياسي وعدم الاستقرار السياسي

المحور الثالث : (تفسير العنف السياسي)، وقد تضمن مجموعة من النظريات مثل :

نظرية ثقافة العنف
نظرية الحرمان النفسي
نظرية الصراع المتعلق بتوازن القوى
نظرية القوة الكامنة خلف العنف السياسي
نظرية الاختيار العقلاني

المحور الرابع : (العنف السياسي في العراق وسبل علاجه) ، ويقدم هذا المحور رؤية الباحث حول العنف السياسي في العراق وسبل علاجه في ضوء ما طرح و ما يمكن استنتاجه من الأفكار التي طرحت في المحاور السابقة .
دور الدين الاسلامي في حياة الناس والنظام الاجتماعي (منهجية الجودة الشاملة من منظور إسلامي نموذجاً)
Authors: الفكيكي علي فرحان عبدالله 
Published: February 2020

إن المنظور الإسلامي أوسع وأشمل من مجرد أن يقتصر في تعليماته ورؤيته على علاقة وقتية قصيرة,وإذا كانت المراجع العلمية وآراء الخبراء والباحثين تضع قواعد وإرشادات ونصائح وأساليب وفنون يمكن من خلالها تقديم خدمة متميزة إلى للناس أثناء العمل، فإن الإسلام يضع مبادئ وأسس يتم إتباعها من قبل المسلمين في كل وأقوالهم وإعمالهم داخل وخارج العمل, وفي السر والعلانية، وفي جميع جوانب حياتهم. وتكون هذه الأعمال عالية الجودة، لأننا مراقبون من الله عز وجل في كافة أعمالنا الظاهرة والباطنة. فهو منهج يتميز بخصائص معينة لا تتميز بها المناهج الأخرى، مما جعله أفضل المناهج, وإذا كان الخبراء الغربيون قد وضعوا معايير يُقاس بها الأداء، ويتحقق بها توافر الجودة اللازمة، فإن الإسلام قد سبقهم في وضع المبادئ، ونظم علاقة الإنسان بأخيه الإنسان على أحسن ما يكون. فإن الإسلام هو دين الله عز وجل الذي ارتضاه لعباده، ليكون فيه صلاح البشرية في الدنيا والآخرة. ولقد أحتوى الإسلام على كل ما من شأنه أن تسود المحبة والتسامح والتعاون بين أفراد المجتمع. ولقد احتوى القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الطاهرة تعاليم ربانية لو أحسن المسلم فهمها، وقام بتطبيقها، لتحقق له التميز في عملية تقديمه للخدمة وتعامله مع الناس. ولقد حث الإسلام على الاتقان والاحسان والعمل الجماعي في جميع الأوقات، ولم يربط ذلك بوقت معين أو انتظار تحقيق منفعة، وهذا ما يميز الشريعة الإسلامية وبأنها صالحة لكل زمان ومكان. وإذا رجعنا إلى كتاب الله وسنة نبيه (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) نجد أن هناك العديد من الآيات القرآنية التي تدعو لحسن المعاملة وإتقان العمل، كما في قوله تعالى: }صُنْعَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَتْقَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ {. (النمل, الاية: 88). وذلك منذ مئات الاعوام. وتحفل السنة النبوية بالعديد من الأحاديث الشريفة التي تدعو إلى إتقان العمل، منها قول رسول (الله صلى الله عليه واله وسلم): إن الله تعالى يحب إذاعمل أحدكم عملا أن يتقنه . وعنه صلى الله عليه وآله: إن الله تعالى يحب من العامل إذا عمل أن يحسن. (الريشهري,محمد, 1995,ج3, 2132)
وهنا الدعوة إلى إتقان الإنسان المسلم لعمله وتأديته على أكمل وجه في المجالات التي أحلها الله سبحانه وتعالى. اذ ان دور الدين الاسلامي في حياة الناس والنظام الاجتماعي المتمثل بالنموذج الإداري الإسلامي للجودة الشاملة فى حياة الناس والمجتمعات الإسلامية فهو الأكثر فعالية لانه أكثر شمولية من المبادئ الإدارية الغربية الحديثة في مجال ادارة الجودة الشاملة. لان النظم التي وضعها البشر تدعو إلى تقديم خدمة مميزة للناس من منطلق مادي بحت، وهو تحقيق الربح وكسب ثقة الزبائن، فإن الإسلام دين رباني يجعل من إتقان العمل وحسن المعاملة من صلب هذا الدين، وهذه العمل نوع من أنواع العبادات، والمسلم لا يسعى إلى الإجادة والتميز من أجل الربح المادي أو المراتب والمكافآت فقط، بل يسعى إلى ذلك طلبا لرضا الله وثوابه.
Levels of Heavy Metals in Banana, Cocoa and Oil Palm Farming Systems in Cameroon
Authors: Jetro Nkengafac Njukeng , Kratz Sylvia , Schnug Ewald 
Published: February 2020

The potential accumulation of heavy metals in soils due to rapid urban and industrial development, and increasing reliance on agrochemicals in the last several decades has been of public concern. Excessive heavy metal accumulation in soils may not only result in environmental contamination, but excessive heavy metal uptake by crops may affect food quality and safety. The heavy metal concentrations of soils in banana, cocoa and oil palm farming systems in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon were studied. For soil quality assessment, soil samples were collected at two depths: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and analyzed for seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Cd levels in these soils were below the limits of detection (LOD) at both depths. Average contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in mg/kg ranged in the order: Cd (< LOD) < Pb (10.7 -17.1) < Cu (59.7-112.7) < Ni (100.2 -174.5) < Zn (129.7-180.4) < Cr (192.7-685.3) < Mn (2731.5-5053.5) for both depths. The soils were all acidic (pH; 4.2-5.5). There were significant variations (p≤0.05) in Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn concentrations within different farming system(s). The soils of the studied farming systems had heavy metal levels within the allowable limits for agriculture. However, the levels of Cu, Cr and Ni were higher in some samples. Although these soils are considered to be unpolluted, care should be taken to avoid high concentrations of heavy metals.
Study and Analysis of Pounding Effect between Adjacent RC Buildings
Authors: Bhatt A.D. , Lamichhane G.P. 
Published: February 2020

Pounding occurs when the adjacent buildings start vibration out of phase during the seismic activity which causes the collision between the adjacent structures. Due to higher cost of land in cities people have tendency to attach the buildings at property line. Earthquakes can cause pounding when adjacent buildings have little gap or no gap providing separation. Due to pounding effect structural and non – structural damage may occur in the adjacent buildings.
The main objective of this research is to assess the seismic response of common residential RC buildings that has been constructed with no gap with the adjacent structures and to find the minimum gap requirement for the commonly constructed buildings of Nepal.
For this study two different cases with varying separation distance between adjacent buildings have been considered. First case is the adjacent buildings having equal storey height but different number of stories. It includes models having 4 and 2 stories and 4 and 3 stories. Second case is the adjacent buildings having unequal storey height but same number of stories. It includes models having 3 and 3 stories and 4 and 4 stories. In both cases adjacent buildings have same material & sectional properties. Non-linear dynamic analysis is performed using El-centro earthquake data as ground motion. Gap element has been used to simulate the pounding force between buildings. Adjacent buildings having different overall height are modelled in SAP 2000 v 15 using gap element for pounding study. The seismic responses in terms of joint displacement, joint acceleration, pounding force are presented. Joint displacement and joint acceleration comparison for both pounding and no pounding cases are presented.
Gap calculation from NBC and IS code, ABS and SRSS method was compared with gap required to avoid pounding force between adjacent structures and appropriate gap was recommended.
Biochemical markers and effectivity of the preventive therapy of the fetal distress and preterm delivery in pregnant women with polyhydramnios
Authors: Dubas L.G. 
Published: February 2020

Polyhydramnios in pregnant women are one of the most frequent pathologies in obstetrics, which is caused by an increase in the use of ultrasound screening of pregnant women and ranges from 1–3 to 8%. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in blood biochemical parameters, biophysical profile of the fetus and the health status of newborns in pregnant women with polyhydramnios during the prophylactic therapy of this pathology and to estimate the frequency of polyhydramnios occurrence under the influence of preventive therapy in pregnant women at risk of polyhydramnios. We examined 120 pregnant women at gestational age from 20 to 38 weeks between the ages of 20 and 39 years: 1 group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women, 2 group — 90 pregnant women with chronic polyhydramnios, which was divided into two subgroups: 40 pregnant women without fetal distress in 1 subgroup and 50 pregnant women with fetal distress in 2 subgroups. 1 subgroup of pregnant women received prophylactic Magnerot, Tivortin, Larnamine, Lymphomyosot and vitamin D3. The 2nd subgroup of pregnant women received traditional treatment according to the clinical protocol of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine №900 dated December 27, 2006, №782 dated December 29, 2005. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: the metabolite level of vitamin D-25 OH(D) was determined, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL–10, IL–6, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, malonic aldehyde, carbonyl groups of proteins, superoxide dismutase, serum protein content. Conducted ultrasound examination of the fetus and dopplerometry of uterine-placental vessels, cardiotocography of the fetus, evaluated the biophysical profile of the fetus. The significance of the difference between the compared groups was determined using Student's t test. In pregnant women with chronic polyhydramnios, a decrease in endogenous glutathione antioxidant reserves, a decrease in the activity of the superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme, an increase in the activity of the pro-oxidant enzyme xanthine oxidase and the presence of cytokine imbalance have been found. It is shown that among all biochemical changes in the body of pregnant women with chronic polyhydramnios, vitamin D deficiency, inflammation and disturbance of angiogenesis play the most important role in the development of fetal distress. Pregnant women at high risk of polyhydramnios who received the proposed preventive therapy for fetal distress, improved fetoplacental blood flow, decreased the percentage of placental dysfunction by 1.8 times, fetal distress — by 1.5 times, premature birth — by 2 times, decreased asphyxia in newborns 1.7 times, the rate of perinatal morbidity in newborns decreased 1.9 times, compared with the group of pregnant women receiving traditional therapy. Thus, the positive effect of preventive therapy of pathology of pregnant women with polyhydramnios was confirmed clinically and biochemically.
Association of spinal instability due to metastatic disease with increased mortality and a proposed clinical pathway for treatment
Authors: Sullivan Patricia Zadnik , Albayar Ahmed , Ramayya Ashwin G. , McShane Brendan , Marcotte Paul , Malhotra Neil R. , Ali Zarina S. , Chen H. Isaac , Janjua M. Burhan , Saifi Comron , Schuster James , Grady M. Sean , Jones Joshua , Ozturk Ali K. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEMultidisciplinary treatment including medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical consultation is necessary to provide comprehensive therapy for patients with spinal metastases. The goal of this study was to review the use of radiation therapy and/or surgical intervention and their impact on patient outcomes.METHODSIn this retrospective series, the authors identified at their institution those patients with spinal metastases who had received radiation therapy alone or had undergone surgery with or without radiation therapy within a 6-year period. Data on patient age, chemotherapy, surgical procedure, radiation therapy, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), primary tumor pathology, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), and survival after treatment were collected from the patient electronic medical records. N − 1 chi-square testing was used for comparisons of proportions. The Student t-test was used for comparisons of means. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A survival analysis was completed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSTwo hundred thirty patients with spinal metastases were identified, 109 of whom had undergone surgery with or without radiation therapy. Among the 104 patients for whom the surgical details were reviewed, 34 (33%) had a history of preoperative radiation to the surgical site but ultimately required surgical intervention. In this surgical group, a significantly increased frequency of death within 30 days was noted for the SINS unstable patients (23.5%) as compared to that for the SINS stable patients (2.3%; p < 0.001). The SINS was a significant predictor of time to death among surgical patients (HR 1.11, p = 0.037). Preoperative KPS was not independently associated with decreased survival (p > 0.5) on univariate analysis. One hundred twenty-six patients met the criteria for inclusion in the radiation-only analysis. Ninety-eight of these patients (78%) met the criteria for potential instability (PI) at the time of treatment, according to the SINS system. Five patients (5%) with PI in the radiation therapy group had a documented neurosurgical or orthopedic surgery consultation prior to radiation therapy.CONCLUSIONSAt the authors’ institution, patients with gross mechanical instability per the SINS system had an increased rate of 30-day postoperative mortality, which remained significant when controlling for other factors. Surgical consultation for metastatic spine patients receiving radiation oncology consultation with PI is low. The authors describe an institutional pathway to encourage multidisciplinary treatment from the initial encounter in the emergency department to expedite surgical evaluation and collaboration.
Safety assessment of spine MRI in deep brain stimulation patients
Authors: Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J. B. , Gramer Robert , Neudorfer Clemens , Germann Jürgen , Naheed Asma , Bennett Nicole , Li Bryan , Gwun Dave , Chow Clement T. , Maciel Ricardo , Valencia Alejandro , Fasano Alfonso , Munhoz Renato P. , Foltz Warren , Mikulis David , Hancu Ileana , Kalia Suneil K. , Hodaie Mojgan , Kucharczyk Walter , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEMany centers are hesitant to perform clinically indicated MRI in patients who have undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS). Highly restrictive guidelines prohibit the use of most routine clinical MRI protocols in these patients. The authors’ goals were to assess the safety of spine MRI in patients with implanted DBS devices, first through phantom model testing and subsequently through validation in a DBS patient cohort.METHODSA phantom was used to assess DBS device heating during 1.5-T spine MRI. To establish a safe spine protocol, routinely used clinical sequences deemed unsafe (a rise in temperature > 2°C) were modified to decrease the rise in temperature. This safe phantom-based protocol was then used to prospectively run 67 spine MRI sequences in 9 DBS participants requiring clinical imaging. The primary outcome was acute adverse effects; secondary outcomes included long-term adverse clinical effects, acute findings on brain MRI, and device impedance stability.RESULTSThe increases in temperature were highest when scanning the cervical spine and lowest when scanning the lumbar spine. A temperature rise < 2°C was achieved when 3D sequences were modified to 2D and when the number of slices was decreased by the minimum amount compared to routine spine MRI protocols (but there were still more slices than allowed by vendor guidelines). Following spine MRI, no acute or long-term adverse effects or acute findings on brain MR images were detected. Device impedances remained stable.CONCLUSIONSPatients with DBS devices may safely undergo spine MRI with a fewer number of slices compared to those used in routine clinical protocols. Safety data acquisition may allow protocols outside vendor guidelines with a maximized number of slices, reducing the need for radiologist supervision.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03753945 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS DANA DAN PUSKESMAS PASIR PUTIH KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Miarti Ni Ketut 
Published: February 2020

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang umum terjadi dan tersebar luas. Sekitar 56 juta wanita di seluruh dunia mengalami anemia, dua pertiga di antaranya berada di Asia. Menurut WHO kejadian anemia pada wanita secara keseluruhan adalah 35%, sedangkan anemia pada ibu hamil secara global adalah 51%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil DI Kabupaten Muna. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional. Populasi adalah ibu hamil di Puskesmas Dana dan Puskesmas Pasir Putih Kabupaten Muna sebanyak 205 orang dan sampel sebanyak 186 orang yang diperoleh secara Simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji chi-square untuk hubungan tingkat kepatuhan konsumsi Fe dengan kejadian anemia ibu hamil diperoleh nilai p value (0,004) dan OR=3,702, pola makan diperoleh nilai p value (0,015) dan OR=2,917, pendidikan ibu diperoleh nilai p value (0,145 dan OR=1,758, kunjungan ANC diperoleh nilai p value (0,000) dan OR=5,236, umur ibu diperoleh nilai p value (0,487) dan OR=1,143, Jarak Kehamilan diperoleh nilai p value (0,003) dan OR=3,833, Status Gizi diperoleh nilai p value (0,005) dan OR=3,514. Kesimpulan hasilmpenelitian ini ada hubungan tingkat kepatuhan konsumsi Fe, pola makan, kunjungan ANC, Jarak Kehamilan dan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Sedangkan umur ibu dan pendidikan ibu tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil.
18F-Flortaucipir PET Associations with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Cognition, and Neuroimaging in Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Okafor Maureen , Nye Jonathon A. , Shokouhi Mahsa , Shaw Leslie M. , Goldstein Felicia , Hajjar Ihab 
Published: February 2020

Background: Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used in research, but its relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and other Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related clinical measures is unclear in mild cognitive impairment with AD biomarkers (MCI-AD). Objective: To determine associations between 18F-flortaucipir PET and CSF AD biomarkers, cognitive functioning, and neuroimaging measures in MCI-AD. Methods: In 29 participants 50 years or older with MCI-AD, 18F-flortaucipir PET, CSF total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau181p (P-tau), amyloid-β (Aβ), structural MRI, and neuropsychological testing were collected as baseline assessments of an ongoing clinical trial. 11C-Pittsburgh compound B PET was simultaneously conducted in 20 participants. Associations between 18F-flortaucipir PET and these measures were assessed by multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders and using global, lobar, and voxel-wise standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). Results: Whole brain 18F-flortaucipir SUVr was significantly associated with CSF T-tau ( r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and P-tau ( r = 0.42, p = 0.04) after adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, with strongest associations in the temporal region (T-tau: r = 0.69, p < 0.001; P-tau: r = 0.49, p = 0.02). Voxel-wise analysis confirmed these regional associations. 18F-flortaucipir PET was also associated with CSF Aβ ( r = –0.45, p = 0.03), episodic memory ( r = –0.61, p = 0.001), visuospatial working memory ( r = –0.46, p = 0.02), and brain cortical thickness ( r = –0.44, p = 0.03) but not hippocampal volume. In the amyloid PET subset, although 11C-PiB PET associated strongly with 18F-flortaucipir ( r = 0.79, p≤0.001), associations were stronger between 11C-PiB and key outcomes, compared to 18F-flortaucipir. Conclusion: 18F-flortaucipir PET is moderately associated with CSF AD biomarkers and other AD-related phenotypes. The associations in this MCI-AD sample are stronger than previously described in other populations.
A Systematic Review of Systemic Treatment Options for Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Osterman Chelsea K. , Rose Tracy L. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: There have been a number of recent advances in the management of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the majority of these studies excluded patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC), and optimal management of nccRCC remains unknown. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate systemic treatment options in locally advanced or metastatic nccRCC between 2000-2019. Randomized controlled trials, single-arm phase II–IV trials, and prospective analyses of medication access programs were included. The primary outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). Results: A total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. There was the highest level of evidence to support first-line treatment of nccRCC with sunitinib. Additional single-arm trials support the use of other vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors with axitinib and pazopanib, as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with temsirolimus or everolimus +/–bevacizumab. Immune checkpoint inhibition has an emerging role in nccRCC, but optimal sequencing of available options is not clear. Prospective data to support the use of newer immunotherapy combinations are lacking. Treatment for collecting duct carcinoma remains platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: The availability of randomized trials in nccRCC is limited, and most studies include outcomes for nccRCC as a group, making conclusions about efficacy by subtype difficult. This systematic review supports consensus guidelines recommending sunitinib or clinical trial enrollment as preferred first-line treatment options for nccRCC, but also suggests a more nuanced approach to management and new options for therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibition.