bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission from External Shocks as the Origin of the Sub-TeV Emission in GRB 180720B and GRB 190114C
Authors: Wang Xiang-Yu , Liu Ruo-Yu , Zhang Hai-Ming , Xi Shao-Qiang , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, very high-energy photons above 100 GeV were reported to be detected from GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B at, respectively, 100–1000 s and 10 hr after the burst. We model the available broadband data of both GRBs with the synchrotron plus synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission of the afterglow shocks. We find that the sub-TeV emission of GRB 180720B can be interpreted as the SSC emission from afterglow shocks expanding in a constant-density circumburst medium. The SSC emission of GRB 190114C dominates over the synchrotron component from GeV energies at ∼100 s, which can explain the possible hard spectrum of the GeV emission at this time. The extrapolated flux of this SSC component to sub-TeV energies can explain the high-significance detection of GRB 190114C by the MAGIC telescope. The parameter values (such as the circumburst density and shock microphysical parameters) in the modeling are not unusual for both gamma-ray bursts, implying that the detection of sub-TeV photons from these two bursts should be attributed to their large burst energies and low redshifts.
Os efeitos do racismo na autoestima da mulher negra
Authors: Queiroz Rafaele Cristina De Souza 
Published: October 2019

O racismo em relação a estética negra e a estrutura do cabelo negro crespo/cacheado tem impactos negativos na autoestima da mulher negra. Trata-se neste estudo dos efeitos do racismo na autoestima da mulher negra no que se diz a recusa do cabelo natural e as saídas para se enquadrar num padrão estético racista. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza bibliográfica onde se tem a predominância para a discussão as reflexões de Nilma Gomes, para melhor interpretação dos termos e conceitos apresentados na pesquisa. O trabalho em questão é parte de uma etnografia realizada no Instituto de Promoção Humana e Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural Encrespa Geral Encrespa o qual realiza ações em todo Brasil, e o desta etnografia é o Encrespa Geral Manaus, que realiza atividades voltadas para a valorização da estética negra e em grupos nas mídias sociais e com mulheres negras fora dessas esferas. Conta também com uma pesquisa quanti/qualitativa aplicada dentro dos grupos de mídias sociaisOs efeitos do racismo na autoestima da mulher negra[i]RESUMOO racismo em relação a estética negra e a estrutura do cabelo negro crespo/cacheado tem impactos negativos na autoestima da mulher negra. Trata-se neste estudo dos efeitos do racismo na autoestima da mulher negra no que se diz a recusa do cabelo natural e as saídas para se enquadrar num padrão estético racista. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza bibliográfica onde se tem a predominância para a discussão as reflexões de Nilma Gomes, para melhor interpretação dos termos e conceitos apresentados na pesquisa. O trabalho em questão é parte de uma etnografia realizada no Instituto de Promoção Humana e Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural Encrespa Geral Encrespa o qual realiza ações em todo Brasil, e o desta etnografia é o Encrespa Geral Manaus, que realiza atividades voltadas para a valorização da estética negra e em grupos nas mídias sociais e com mulheres negras fora dessas esferas. Conta também com uma pesquisa quanti/qualitativa aplicada dentro dos grupos de mídias sociais PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cabelo Crespo. Racismo. Identidade Negra. Autoestima. Ressignificação.[i] O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio da Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM por meio do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC)
Comment contribuer au développement des pratiques des représentants du personnel dans les CHSCT : le cas d’une recherche‑intervention à la SNCF
Authors: Poley Yann , Petit Johann 
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente les principales conclusions d’une thèse en ergonomie portant sur le travail des représentants du personnel dans plusieurs CHSCT de la SNCF. Ces éléments sont de nature à éclairer certains déterminants d’une activité qu’il s’agit de favoriser, pour qu’elle puisse justement contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions de travail. Après une présentation du cadre et de la méthodologie d’une recherche-intervention, nous en présenterons les principaux enseignements. L’activité des représentants du personnel est ici considérée comme relevant de la résolution collective de problème de conception. Nous montrerons les difficultés qu’ils ont à intégrer les salariés et à mobiliser le travail lors de cette résolution des problématiques qui parcourent l’entreprise. Nous pourrons alors décrire les principaux enjeux méthodologiques pour des interventions ergonomiques qui se proposent justement de développer la capacité des représentants du personnel à traiter les questions du travail. Il s’agit de les outiller pour qu’ils puissent penser, agir et débattre autrement à la fois du travail des salariés, mais également de leur propre travail au sein du CHSCT.
Vulnérables ou dangereux ?
Authors: Gansel Yannis 
Published: October 2019

Au cours des années 2000, une série de transformations institutionnelles traversent le champ de l’adolescence : reconnaissance de la notion de handicap psychique, accumulation de réformes dans le cadre de la justice des mineurs, développement de dispositifs d’écoute de la souffrance. C’est dans ce contexte social que se problématise la catégorie d’« adolescents difficiles ». Il s’agit d’une population de jeunes qui, ne rentrant pas de façon suffisamment satisfaisante dans les cases des savoirs et des pratiques du médicosocial, de la protection de l’enfance, de la justice ou du sanitaire, « se font rejeter de partout ». Cette population interstitielle devient alors l’objet spécifique d’un souci collectif, de savoirs cliniques et d’actions publiques.
Dans quelles conditions historiques et sociales l’expertise clinique a-t-elle identifié ce problème ? Comment les acteurs de terrain éprouvent ce souci ? Quelles pratiques développent-ils pour le traiter ? À partir d’une recherche documentaire et d’une enquête ethnographique de longue durée, cet ouvrage apporte une contribution à l’anthropologie de la santé mentale en France. Il explore concrètement ce que la psychiatrisation signifie, dans le champ des adolescents difficiles, aux confins de la dangerosité et de la vulnérabilité, des pratiques de sollicitude et de contrainte.
Frajda et Berthe Globus, Ester Czernilowski : bribes de destins de femmes juives dans l’immédiat après-guerre
Authors: Marc Sandra 
Published: October 2019

Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, comment les Juifs de France ont-ils retrouvé leur place dans la société ? Quels obstacles ont-ils dû franchir ? Leur est-on venu en aide? C’est à travers l’histoire de trois femmes endeuillées par la Shoah, paupérisées par les mesures antisémites du gouvernement de Vichy, que nous tenterons d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions. Leur misère a été soulagée par une association juive dont l’œuvre est encore trop méconnue: le Comité Juif d’Action Sociale et de Reconstruction (COJASOR).
A Broad Role for Cysteines in Bovine Antibody Diversity
Authors: Haakenson Jeremy K , Deiss Thaddeus C , Warner Gabrielle F , Mwangi Waithaka , Criscitiello Michael F , Smider Vaughn V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ab diversity in most vertebrates results from the assortment of amino acid side chains on CDR loops formed through V(D)J recombination. Cows (Bos taurus) have a low combinatorial diversity potential because of a small number of highly homologous V, D, and J gene segments. Despite this, a subset of the Ab repertoire (∼10%) contains exceptionally long CDR H chain (HC) 3 (H3) regions with a rich diversity of cysteines and disulfide-bonded loops that diversify through a single V-D-J recombination event followed by massive somatic hypermutation. However, the much larger portion of the repertoire, encoding shorter CDR H3s, has not been examined in detail. Analysis of germline gene segments reveals noncanonical cysteines in the HC V regions and significant cysteine content in the HC D regions. Deep sequencing analysis of naturally occurring shorter CDR H3 (&lt;40 aa) Ab genes shows that HC V and HC D regions preferentially combine to form a functional gene with an even number of total cysteines in the final V region, suggesting that disulfide bonds contribute to diversity not only in ultralong CDR H3 bovine Abs but in shorter CDR H3 bovine Abs as well. In addition to germline “hard-coded” cysteines, the bovine Ab repertoire can produce additional cysteine codons through somatic hypermutation, further diversifying the repertoire. Given the limited combinatorial diversity at the bovine Ig loci, this helps to explain how diversity is created in shorter CDR H3 Abs and potentially provides novel structural paratopes in bovine Ab combining sites.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis LprE Suppresses TLR2-Dependent Cathelicidin and Autophagy Expression to Enhance Bacterial Survival in Macrophages
Authors: Padhi Avinash , Pattnaik Kaliprasad , Biswas Mainak , Jagadeb Manaswini , Behera Ananyaashree , Sonawane Avinash 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite representing a very important class of virulence proteins, the role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of putative lipoprotein LprE in the subversion of host immune responses using the M. tuberculosis CDC1551 LprE (LprEMtb) mutant (Mtb∆LprE). We show that deletion of LprEMtb results in reduction of M. tuberculosis virulence in human and mouse macrophages due to upregulation of vitamin D3–responsive cathelicidin expression through the TLR2-dependent p38-MAPK-CYP27B1-VDR signaling pathway. Conversely, episomal expression of LprEMtb in Mycobacterium smegmatis improved bacterial survival. Infection in siTLR2-treated or tlr2−/− macrophages reduced the survival of LprEMtb expressing M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis because of a surge in the expression of cathelicidin. Infection with the LprEMtb mutant also led to accumulation of autophagy-related proteins (LC3, Atg-5, and Beclin-1) and augmented recruitment of phagosomal (EEA1 and Rab7) and lysosomal (LAMP1) proteins, thereby resulting in the reduction of the bacterial count in macrophages. The inhibition of phago-lysosome fusion by LprEMtb was found to be due to downregulation of IL-12 and IL-22 cytokines. Altogether, our data indicate that LprEMtb is an important virulence factor that plays a crucial role in mycobacterial pathogenesis in the context of innate immunity.
Long-Term Microgliosis Driven by Acute Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Trzeciak Alissa , Lerman Yelena V. , Kim Tae-Hyoun , Kim Ma Rie , Mai Nguyen , Halterman Marc W. , Kim Minsoo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Severe sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to infection, is an increasing cause of morbidity in intensive care units. During sepsis, the vasculature is profoundly altered, leading to release of microbial virulence factors and proinflammatory mediators to surrounding tissue, causing severe systemic inflammatory responses and hypoxic injury of multiple organs. To date, multiple studies have explored pathologic conditions in many vital organs, including lungs, liver, and kidneys. Although data suggest that sepsis is emerging as a key driver of chronic brain dysfunction, the immunological consequence of severe inflammatory responses in the brain remain poorly understood. In this study, we used C57BL/6 sepsis mouse models to establish a disease phenotype in which septic mice with various degrees of severity recover. In the early phases of sepsis, monocytes infiltrate the brain with significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels. In recovered animals, monocytes return to vehicle levels, but the number of brain-resident microglia is significantly increased in the cortex, the majority of which remain activated. The increase in microglia number is mainly due to self-proliferation, which is completely abolished in CCR2 knockout mice. Collectively our data suggest that early monocyte infiltration causes permanent changes to microglia during sepsis, which may ultimately dictate the outcome of future infections and neuropathological diseases.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Google Glass in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Carrera Joseph F. , Wang Connor C. , Clark William , Southerland Andrew M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Graduate medical education (GME) has emphasized the assessment of trainee competencies and milestones; however, sufficient in-person assessment is often constrained. Using mobile hands-free devices, such as Google Glass (GG) for telemedicine, allows for remote supervision, education, and assessment of residents.

Objective
We reviewed available literature on the use of GG in GME in the clinical learning environment, its use for resident supervision and education, and its clinical utility and technical limitations.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Applicable studies were identified through a review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases for articles published from January 2013 to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles that reported using GG in GME and assessed the quality of the studies. A systematic review of these studies appraised the literature for descriptions of its utility in GME.

Results
Following our search and review process, 37 studies were included. The majority evaluated GG in surgical specialties (n = 23) for the purpose of surgical/procedural skills training or supervision. GG was predominantly used for video teleconferencing, and photo and video capture. Highlighted positive aspects of GG use included point-of-view broadcasting and capacity for 2-way communication. Most studies cited drawbacks that included suboptimal battery life and HIPAA concerns.

Conclusions
GG shows some promise as a device capable of enhancing GME. Studies evaluating GG in GME are limited by small sample sizes and few quantitative data. Overall experience with use of GG in GME is generally positive.
Aerosol vertical mass flux measurements during heavy aerosol pollution episodes at a rural site and an urban site in the Beijing area of the North China Plain
Authors: Yuan Renmin , Zhang Xiaoye , Liu Hao , Gui Yu , Shao Bohao , Tao Xiaoping , Wang Yaqiang , Zhong Junting , Li Yubin , Gao Zhiqiu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Due to excessive anthropogenic emissions, heavy aerosol pollution episodes
(HPEs) often occur during winter in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) area of
the North China Plain. Extensive observational studies have been carried out
to understand the causes of HPEs; however, few measurements of vertical
aerosol fluxes exist, despite them being the key to understanding vertical
aerosol mixing, specifically during weak turbulence stages in HPEs. In the
winter of 2016 and the spring of 2017 aerosol vertical mass fluxes were
measured by combining large aperture scintillometer (LAS) observations,
surface PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations, and meteorological
observations, including temperature, relative humidity (RH), and visibility,
at a rural site in Gucheng (GC), Hebei Province, and an urban site at the
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) in Beijing located 100 km
to the northeast. These are based on the light propagation theory and
surface-layer similarity theory. The near-ground aerosol mass flux was
generally lower in winter than in spring and weaker in rural GC than in
urban Beijing. This finding provides direct observational evidence for a
weakened turbulence intensity and low vertical aerosol fluxes in winter and
polluted areas such as GC. The HPEs included a transport stage (TS), an
accumulative stage (AS), and a removal stage (RS). During the HPEs from 25
to 31 January 2017, in Beijing, the mean mass flux decreased
by 51 % from 0.0049 mg m−2 s−1 in RSs to 0.0024 mg m−2 s−1 in the TSs. During the ASs, the mean mass flux decreased
further to 0.00087 mg m−2 s−1, accounting for approximately one-third of
the flux in the TSs. A similar reduction from the TSs to ASs was observed in
the HPE from 16 to 22 December 2016 in GC. It can be seen that
from the TS to the AS, the aerosol vertical turbulent flux decreased, but
the aerosol particle concentration within the surface layer increased, and it is
inferred that in addition to the contribution of regional transport from
upwind areas during the TS, suppression of vertical turbulence mixing
confining aerosols to a shallow boundary layer increased accumulation.
Architec(x)tures, introduction & préface du dossier « Transferts et confrontations transatlantiques » sous forme de rapport de conférence
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: October 2019

Concernant l’architecture projetée par la fiction textuelle, Béatrice Didier a inauguré l’étude architecturale des textes. Ce numéro complète celui de L’espace public de la sphère domestique, avec l’introduction de Thierry Belleguic, «Planning for Privacy» de Reed Benhamou, «Une chambre a soi» par Marie Laure Girou Swiderski, «Jean-Philippe Rameau» par Lane HelIer, «Chardin's Domestic Rhetoric and the Poetics of the Private and Public Sphere» d’Heather McPherson, «Violence and Persecution in the Drawing-Room», d’Antoinette Sol, «Woman, Æsthetics and Natural History » d’Anne-Marie Link, dont les articles peuvent être consultés à https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/frenchebooks/2/
Concernant les articles du dossier « Transferts et confrontations transatlantiques », il s’agit d’articles sélectionnés par rapport à la conférence de Toulon sur ce thème, et qui a eu lieu dans les locaux de cette université les 28-29 mars, 2019, sous l’égide de l’UFR Lettres, Langues et Sciences Humaines de Toulon, avec le concours du laboratoire Babel (EA26491) et en collaboration avec LERMA (EA853, Aix-Marseille Université), le GRIC (EA4314), Université Le Havre-Normandie, l’Université de Western Ontario, et ouvert par Xavier Leroux, directeur de l’UFR Lettres, Langues et Sciences Humaines, de l’Université de Toulon ; le numéro suivant aura une suite de ce dossier pour les articles en anglais.
MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC SALT MIGRATION PATHWAYS IN OFFSHORE TEXAS, NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Authors: BRADSHAW BARRY E. , WATKINS JOEL S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInterpretation of seismic data in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico reveals complex migration pathways of Louann Salt. The salt was originally deposited in Jurassic salt basins distributed checkerboard-fashion across rifted basement. These basins were segmented along strike by northwest-southeast trending strike slip (transfer) faults. During a period of low sedimentation in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, salt migrated vertically out of the basins via feeder stocks into regionally coalescing allochthonous canopies. Contemporary evidence of the mother salt layer consists of salt rollers and salt domes rooting at depths of 7,400-10,700 m.Migration of salt into canopies was probably driven by depositional loading and gravity spreading. The migration began during deposition of Mesozoic carbonates and siliciclastics and continued through the Paleogene. Basins and canopies appear to have been offset systematically to the southeast across the transfer faults.From Late Oligocene through Late Miocene, large delta systems prograded over the salt canopies. The prograding wedges created pressure gradients that squeezed salt seaward and out of the canopies. The salt then rose to a level near the sea floor where it spread laterally into allochthonous sheets. Loading and spreading combined to displace salt over 100 km onto the Sigsbee slope. Seaward migration of salt created extensive salt withdrawal and basins. Large, laterally continuous growth fault systems bound most basins on their landward margins. Thicknesses of sedimentary units may expand several fold across these faults. Remnants of salt canopies are locally evident in seismic data.
APPLICATION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TO IMPROVE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT OF THE MIOCENE LOWER LAGUNILLAS AND LAGUNA MEMBERS, LAGUNILLAS FORMATION, BLOCKS III AND IV, LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA
Authors: GOMEZ E. , RIPPLE R. A. , MUNOZ M. A. , BRYANT I. D. , DE VILLARROEL H. GAMERO , RONDON L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
During the late 1950s hydrocarbons were discovered in the Miocene Lagunillas Formation in Blocks III and IV of the Lake Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. In ascending order, the Lagunillas is divided into three members: the Lower Lagunillas, Laguna, and Bachaquero. This study focuses primarily on the Lower Lagunillas and Laguna members, which are estimated to contain approximately 2550 MMB OOIP. Overall thickness of the Lower Lagunillas and Laguna members decreases from 630 feet in the southern part of the field to 435 feet along the northern margin. Prior to this study, the Lower Lagunillas and Laguna members were subdivided into six reservoir units for the purpose of reservoir management. However, production and engineering studies showed that this simplistic model, which assumed the six units were homogeneous and in pressure communication, did not adequately address the heterogeneities of the reservoir. A sedimentologic and sequence stratigraphic analysis that integrated eight cores, wireline log suites from 210 wells, and production and pressure data, was undertaken by a team of geoscientists and engineers from GeoQuest and Maraven. The result was a new geological model that contains 29 distinctive, correlatable reservoir layers consisting of 22 sandstones (reservoirs) and 9 shales (barriers). This revised model better explains the historical production performance of the field. Additionally, integration of the new reservoir correlation scheme with production and pressure data, gas chromatography of produced oil samples, and the interpretation of the 3D seismic survey identified several areas where sealing faults have further compartmentalized the reservoir.
The Lower Lagunillas and Laguna members were deposited in a variety of depositional environments ranging from fluvial and fluvial-estuarine to strandplain and fluvial-deltaic. The two members comprise part of a third-order sequence that includes at least part of the overlying Bachaquero Member. The contact of the Lower Lagunillas Member with the underlying La Rosa marine shale (Unit I) is interpreted as a type 1 sequence boundary.
The revised geological model was then utilized in a reservoir simulation of Blocks III and IV. Simulation results indicate that the shales associated with the nine mappable marine flooding surfaces and sealing faults have acted as barriers to vertical and horizontal communication and define reservoir compartments that contain bypassed oil. Recent drilling has supported the revised model and confirmed the importance of the shales and faults in controlling the distribution and movement of fluids. The revised reservoir model has also identified new opportunities to add reserves and significantly improve recovery from the field through infill drilling, horizontal wells, redesign of waterflood patterns, and recompletions.