bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maschinelles Lernen in der Radiologie
Authors: Langs Georg , Attenberger Ulrike , Licandro Roxane , Hofmanninger Johannes , Perkonigg Matthias , Zusag Mario , Röhrich Sebastian , Sobotka Daniel , Prosch Helmut 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungMethodisches ProblemMaschinelles Lernen (ML) nimmt zunehmend Einzug in die Radiologie, um Aufgaben wie die automatische Detektion und Segmentation von diagnoserelevanten Bildmerkmalen, die Charakterisierung von Krankheits- und Behandlungsverläufen sowie Vorhersagen für individuelle Patienten durchzuführen.Radiologische StandardverfahrenDie Anwendung von ML-Algorithmen ist für alle radiologischen Verfahren von der Computertomographie (CT), über die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bis zum Ultraschall relevant. Verschiedene Modalitäten führen zu unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen bezüglich Standardisierung und Variabilität.Methodische InnovationenML-Algorithmen sind zunehmend in der Lage, auch longitudinale Beobachtungen zu verarbeiten und für das Training von Vorhersagemodellen zu nutzen. Diese Entwicklung erlaubt es, umfassende Informationen für die Vorhersage individueller Verläufe heranzuziehen.LeistungsfähigkeitDie Qualität der Detektion und Segmentation von Läsionen hat in vielen Bereichen ein akzeptables Niveau erreicht, die Genauigkeit von Vorhersagemodellen muss diese aber erst erreichen, was u. a. auch mit der Verfügbarkeit repräsentativer Trainingsdaten zusammenhängt.BewertungDie Entwicklung von ML-basierten Anwendungen in der Radiologie schreitet, trotz dass sich viele der Lösungen noch im Evaluationsstadium befinden, voran, und wird durch eine parallele Weiterentwicklung der grundlegenden Methoden und Techniken begleitet, die sukzessive in die Praxis übergehen werden.Empfehlung für die PraxisMaßgeblich für den effektiven Einsatz von ML in der Praxis sind die Validierung der Algorithmen und die Erstellung repräsentativer Datensätze, die sowohl für das Training als auch für die Validierung verwendet werden können.
Optimizing schedules for the VLBI global observing system
Authors: Schartner Matthias , Böhm Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) scheduling is a challenging optimization problem. With the development of the new VLBI global observing system (VGOS) consisting of smaller but very fast slewing antennas, new opportunities arise. In this work, we give a deep insight into optimized VGOS scheduling using a newly developed VLBI scheduling software called VieSched, and we show how different scheduling parameters and approaches affect the precision of geodetic results. Therefore, the results of over one thousand generated schedules and over one million simulated sessions are analyzed. The simulations reveal that the most important parameters to optimize VGOS schedules with VieSched are the so-called weight factors. A proper selection of individually optimized weight factors can improve the quality of a schedule significantly. It is shown that the values of the weight factors used to generate the schedule are highly correlated with the expected precision of the geodetic parameters. We highlight the benefit of selecting schedules based on large-scale Monte Carlo simulations and show why scheduling statistics like the number of observations or the sky-coverage are not necessarily the best metric to evaluate schedules.
Metal ions and graphene-based compounds as alternative treatment options for burn wounds infected by antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Karaky Nathalie , Kirby Andrew , McBain Andrew J. , Butler Jonathan A. , El Mohtadi Mohamed , Banks Craig E. , Whitehead Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBurn infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose a major complication in wound healing. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of metal ions, graphene (Gr), and graphene oxide (GO), individually and in combination, against the planktonic and biofilm states of two antimicrobially resistant clinical strains of P. aeruginosa each with different antibiotic resistance profiles. Minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal, and fractional inhibitory concentrations were performed to determine the efficacy of the metal ions and graphene composites individually and their synergy in combination. Crystal violet biofilm and XTT assays measured the biofilm inhibition and metabolic activity, respectively. Molybdenum, platinum, tin, gold, and palladium ions exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity (MIC = 7.8–26.0 mg/L), whilst GO and Gr demonstrated moderate-to-no effect against the planktonic bacterial cells, irrespective of their antibiograms. Biofilms were inhibited by zinc, palladium, silver, and graphene. In combination, silver–graphene and molybdenum–graphene inhibited both the planktonic and biofilm forms of the bacteria making them potential candidates for development into topical antimicrobials for burns patients infected with antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa.
Results of the double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing laser hemorrhoidoplasty with sutured mucopexy and excisional hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Poskus Tomas , Danys Donatas , Makunaite Gabija , Mainelis Antanas , Mikalauskas Saulius , Poskus Eligijus , Jotautas Valdemaras , Dulskas Audrius , Jasiunas Eugenijus , Strupas Kestutis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the results of laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP), excisional hemorrhoidectomy (EH), and sutured mucopexy (MP).

Methods
A randomized, parallel-group, double-blinded, single-center prospective study.

Patients
Symptomatic 2nd- or 3rd-degree hemorrhoids patients.

Interventions
Computer randomization sequence, patient blinding, operating surgeon blinding, and surgeon-evaluator blinding. LHP was performed using a 1470 nm diode laser. Up to 250 J of energy delivered per 1 hemorrhoid. The procedure was performed circumferentially. MP ligations were placed in the area of visible hemorrhoidal tissue. Standard EH was performed up to the level of the hemorrhoidal pedicle. Follow-up at 1 and 6 weeks and 1 year.

Outcome measures
Recurrence of symptoms requiring treatment, intensity, and duration of pain after the operation, patients’ quality of life, fecal incontinence, and patients’ evaluation of treatment.

Results
A total of 121 patients. Groups were even preoperatively. LHP took 15 min (SD 5.6), MP took 16 min (SD 5.58), and EH took 29 min (SD 10.3). Recurrence requiring treatment rate was 0% after EH, 10% after LHP, and 22% after MP, p = 0.004. LHP and MP were less painful than EH, p < 0.001. Patients after LHP returned to regular activity after 15 days, after MP after 22 days, and after EH after 30 days, p < 0.001. SF-36 scores were better after EH. Symptoms of fecal incontinence improved in all the groups. Patients evaluate LHP better than EH and MP.

Limitations
Single-center study.

Conclusions
Laser hemorrhoidoplasty is a safe, minimally invasive option for hemorrhoids, more effective than MP and less effective than EH. Patients evaluate this technique better than the other two.
Chirurgie bei funktioneller Mitralklappeninsuffizienz
Authors: Müller Ludwig 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Neue Studien haben in den letzten Jahren wesentlich zum Verständnis der Behandlung der funktionellen Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (FMR) beigetragen. Dabei scheint vordergründig der interventionellen „Edge-to-edge“-Plastik die tragende Rolle zuzukommen.

Fragestellung
Welche Bedeutung hat die chirurgische Mitralklappenrekonstruktion bei FMR im Lichte der aktuellen Evidenz?

Material und Methoden
Die kritische Betrachtung aktueller Studien (CTSNet, MITRA-FR, COAPT), von Metaanalysen und neuer chirurgischer Studien zeigt Mängel der erstgenannten Studien sowie fehlendes Potenzial für Verallgemeinerungen und die Wertigkeit neuerer chirurgischer Ansätze auf.

Ergebnisse
Erstmals konnte in einer randomisierten Studie die Überlegenheit einer Klappenintervention gegenüber optimaler medikamentöser Therapie gezeigt werden. Neue chirurgische Techniken mit Einschluss subanulärer Rekonstruktionen in minimalinvasiver Technik gehen mit einer deutlich besseren Prognose für den Patienten einher als die restriktive Anuloplastie allein und als interventionelle Rekonstruktionen durch Edge-to-edge-Plastik.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Vorteile der Mitralklappenrekonstruktion in der Behandlung der FMR. Ergänzende subanuläre Rekonstruktionen bergen das Potenzial für eine anhaltende Freiheit von Mitralklappeninsuffizienz Rezidiven und klinischen Ereignissen, das die isolierte Edge-to-edge-Plastik nicht erreicht. Allein durch interdisziplinäre Diskussion im Herz-Team kann die optimale individualisierte Therapiestrategie unter Einbeziehung aller Techniken gefunden werden.
Occupational exposure to noise and cold environment and the risk of death due to myocardial infarction and stroke
Authors: Pettersson Hans , Olsson David , Järvholm Bengt 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The present study examined a possible association between occupational exposure to noise, working and living in cold conditions, and the risk of mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke.

Methods
The present cohort study consists of 194,501 workers in the Swedish construction industry that participated in health examinations between 1971 and 1993. Noise exposure was defined on a job-exposure matrix based on a survey of the working conditions carried out during the mid 1970s. All workers were categorised into three main regions of Sweden, differing in temperature: Reference (Götaland), colder (Svealand), and coldest (Norrland). Relative risks (RR) were analysed by negative binomial regression adjusting for age, BMI, and smoking habits.

Results
Moderate and high noise exposure was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (RR 1.10–1.13 with 95% CI over unit) and stroke mortality (RR 1.15 to 1.19 with 95% CI over unit). There was an increased risk for myocardial infarction (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), but not for stroke mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.94–1.25) associated with living and working in the coldest region. There was an interaction on the risk of myocardial infarction mortality between different regions and noise exposure (p = 0.016), but not for stroke mortality (p = 0.88).

Conclusions
The study indicates an interaction between working at hazardous noise levels and living and working in cold conditions for increased mortality in myocardial infarction.
Determining the prevalence and severity of cancer cachexia in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with chemotherapy outcomes
Authors: White Rhys , Weekes C. Elizabeth , Grant Robert , Baldwin Christine , Ahmed Hafez 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with reduced tolerance to treatment. This study explored the prevalence and severity of CC in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and determined its relationship with chemotherapy outcomes.

Methods
CC was classified into a four-stage model: no cachexia, pre-cachexia (PC), cachexia and refractory cachexia (RC) with categorisation determined from biochemical and body composition and performance assessment. Associations between the stage of cachexia and chemotherapy outcomes including radiological response, the number of chemotherapy cycles completed and the number of cycles delayed or dose reduced were explored.

Results
Twenty-four patients were included with 4 (18%) classified as having no cachexia, 4 (18%) PC, 3 (14%) cachexia (13.6%), and 11 (50%) RC. No association was observed between the stage of cachexia and the radiological response to chemotherapy number of cycles delayed or the number of cycle’s dose reduced; however, there was an association with the number of cycles completed (p = 0.030). An association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the number of chemotherapy cycles completed (p = 0.044) and the number of dose reductions (p = 0.044) was also identified.

Conclusions
Limited conclusions can be drawn given the small sample size. However, the majority of patients presented with some degree of cachexia at diagnosis. A relationship was identified between the increasing severity of cachexia and a lower number of chemotherapy cycles completed, as well as between CRP and the number of chemotherapy cycles completed and the number of dose reductions required, and therefore warrants further exploration in larger studies.
Serum myelin basic protein as a marker of brain injury in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Wąsik Norbert , Sokół Bartosz , Hołysz Marcin , Mańko Witold , Juszkat Robert , Jagodziński Piotr Paweł , Jankowski Roman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin. Since the 1980s, it has been regarded as a marker of brain tissue injury in both trauma and disease. There have been no recent reports regarding MBP in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).

Methods
One hundred four SAH patients with ruptured aneurysms underwent endovascular treatment within 24 h of rupture, and 156 blood samples were collected: 104 on days 0–3, 32 on days 4–6 and 20 on days 9–12 post-SAH. MBP levels were assayed using ELISA and compared with the clinical status on admission, laboratory results, imaging findings and treatment outcome at 3 months.

Results
MBP levels on days 0–3 post-SAH were significantly higher among poor outcome patients (p < 0.001), non-survivors (p = 0.005), patients who underwent intracranial intervention (p < 0.001) and patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH; p < 0.001). On days 4–6 post-SAH, significantly higher levels were found following intracranial intervention (p = 0.009) and ICH (p = 0.039). There was clinically relevant correlation between MBP levels on days 0–3 post-SAH and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (cc = − 0.42) and also ICH volume (cc = 0.48). All patients who made a full recovery had MBP levels below detection limit on days 0–3 post-SAH. Following endovascular aneurysm occlusion, there was no increase in MBP in 86 of the 104 patients investigated (83%).

Conclusions
The concentration of MBP in peripheral blood after intracranial aneurysm rupture reflects the severity of the brain tissue injury (due to surgery or ICH) and correlates with the treatment outcome. Endovascular aneurysm occlusion was not followed by a rise in MBP in most cases, suggesting the safety of this technique.
Defining genetic risk factors for scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Stock Carmel J. W. , De Lauretis Angelo , Visca Dina , Daccord Cecile , Kokosi Maria , Kouranos Vasilis , Margaritopoulos George , George Peter M. , Molyneaux Philip L. , Nihtyanova Svetlana , Chua Felix , Maher Toby M. , Ong Voon , Abraham David J. , Denton Christopher P. , Wells Athol U. , Wain Louise V. , Renzoni Elisabetta A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough several genetic associations with scleroderma (SSc) are defined, very little is known on genetic susceptibility to SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). A number of common polymorphisms have been associated with SSc-ILD, but most have not been replicated in separate populations. Four SNPs in IRF5, and one in each of STAT4, CD226 and IRAK1, selected as having been previously the most consistently associated with SSc-ILD, were genotyped in 612 SSc patients, of European descent, of whom 394 had ILD. The control population (n = 503) comprised individuals of European descent from the 1000 Genomes Project. After Bonferroni correction, two of the IRF5 SNPs, rs2004640 (OR (95% CI)1.30 (1.10–1.54), pcorr = 0.015) and rs10488631 (OR 1.48 (1.14–1.92), pcorr = 0.022), and the STAT4 SNP rs7574865 (OR 1.43 (1.18–1.73), pcorr = 0.0015) were significantly associated with SSc compared with controls. However, none of the SNPs were significantly different between patients with SSc-ILD and controls. Two SNPs in IRF5, rs10488631 (OR 1.72 (1.24–2.39), pcorr = 0.0098), and rs2004640 (OR 1.39 (1.11–1.75), pcorr = 0.03), showed a significant difference in allele frequency between controls and patients without ILD, as did STAT4 rs7574865 (OR 1.86 (1.45–2.38), pcorr = 6.6 × 10−6). A significant difference between SSc with and without ILD was only observed for STAT4 rs7574865, being less frequent in patients with ILD (OR 0.66 (0.51–0.85), pcorr = 0.0084). In conclusion, IRF5 rs2004640 and rs10488631, and STAT4 rs7574865 were significantly associated with SSc as a whole. Only STAT4 rs7574865 showed a significant difference in allele frequency in SSc-ILD, with the T allele being protective against ILD.Key points• We confirm the associations of the IRF5 SNPs rs2004640 and rs10488631, and the STAT4 SNP rs7574865, with SSc as a whole.• None of the tested SNPs were risk factors for SSc-ILD specifically.• The STAT4 rs7574865 T allele was protective against the development of lung fibrosis in SSc patients.• Further work is required to understand the genetic basis of lung fibrosis in association with scleroderma.
Just Like Any Other Family? Everyday Life Experiences of Mothers of Adults with Severe Mental Illness in Sweden
Authors: Piuva Katarina , Brodin Helene 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study explores experiences of mothers in Sweden who care for their adult children suffering from severe mental illness. Using 15 interviews with mothers from 40 to 80 years old, the article examines how predominant professional knowledge and sanism constructs the mothers and their children as deviant and what counterstrategies the mothers develop as a response to these experiences of discrimination. The findings show that the mothers’ experiences are characterized by endless confrontations with negative attitudes and comments that have forced them to go through painful and prolonged processes of self-accusations for not having given enough love, care, support and help in different stages of their children's life. But the mothers’ experiences also reveal important aspects of changes over the life span. As the mothers are ageing, the relationship between them and their children becomes more reciprocal and the ill child may even take the role as family carer.
Two-dimensional NMR lineshape analysis of single, multiple, zero and double quantum correlation experiments
Authors: Waudby Christopher A. , Ouvry Margaux , Davis Ben , Christodoulou John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNMR spectroscopy provides a powerful approach for the characterisation of chemical exchange and molecular interactions by analysis of series of experiments acquired over the course of a titration measurement. The appearance of NMR resonances undergoing chemical exchange depends on the frequency difference relative to the rate of exchange, and in the case of one-dimensional experiments chemical exchange regimes are well established and well known. However, two-dimensional experiments present additional complexity, as at least one additional frequency difference must be considered. Here we provide a systematic classification of chemical exchange regimes in two-dimensional NMR spectra. We highlight important differences between exchange in HSQC and HMQC experiments, that on a practical level result in more severe exchange broadening in HMQC spectra, but show that complementary alternatives to the HMQC are available in the form of HZQC and HDQC experiments. We present the longitudinal relaxation optimised SOFAST-H(Z/D)QC experiment for the simultaneous acquisition of sensitivity-enhanced HZQC and HDQC spectra, and the longitudinal and transverse relaxation optimised BEST-ZQ-TROSY for analysis of large molecular weight systems. We describe the application of these experiments to the characterisation of the interaction between the Hsp90 N-terminal domain and a small molecule ligand, and show that the independent analysis of HSQC, HMQC, HZQC and HDQC experiments provides improved confidence in the fitted dissociation constant and dissociation rate. Joint analysis of such data may provide improved sensitivity to detect and analyse more complex multi-state interaction mechanisms such as induced fit or conformational selection.
Multiple Wavemode Scanning for Near and Far-Side Defect Characterisation
Authors: Xiang L , Edwards R S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe combination of ultrasonic inspections using different wavemodes can give more information than is available with single mode inspection. In this work, the response of shear and Rayleigh waves to surface-breaking defects propagating on the near-side and far-side of a sample is investigated. The directivity of shear waves generated by a racetrack coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is identified and used to set an ideal separation for a pair of transmit-receive EMATs. Defects are indicated by a reduction in the transmitted Rayleigh wave amplitude, and by blocking of the shear wave. Used together, these can identify features in the bulk wave behaviour which are due to near-face surface-breaking defects, and give a full picture of both surfaces. By using a combination of the two wavemodes, the angle of propagation and length of any near-side defects can additionally be identified. A scanning method for samples is proposed.
Injector-coupled thermoacoustic instabilities in an experimental LOX-methane rocket combustor during start-up
Authors: Klein Sebastian , Börner Michael , Hardi Justin S. , Suslov Dmitry , Oschwald Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the investigation of acoustic combustion instability experienced during repetitive ignition testing of a sub-scale LOX-methane rocket thrust chamber. The occurrence of resonant coupling between the LOX injectors and the combustion chamber acoustic modes was assessed from the experimental data recorded during the highly transient phase of operation from ignition up to around 2 s. A method was developed to model the evolution of acoustic properties in both the combustion chamber and the injectors during the transient period. For the LOX injectors, the Woods equation was used to estimate the speed of sound in the two-phase flow. The models were used to identify the corresponding mode frequencies in the unsteady pressure measurements, and show that the high-amplitude instability occurred when they intersected. Very close coupling of less than 3% frequency difference is required for high amplitudes to be observed. However, the condition was necessary but not sufficient for high amplitudes to be reached.
Integrated application of flow pattern map for long-term gas lift optimization: a case study of Well T in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Silvya Dewi , Chandra Steven , Aziz Prasandi Abdul , Daton Wijoyo Niti , Gaol Ardhi H. Lumban 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGas lift optimization has been a classic problem since its inception. The problem with currently practiced optimization, the gas lift performance curve (GLPC), was the sole requirement for exhaustive calculation that has to be performed every time changes to the reservoir are acknowledged. The approach of mechanistic modeling has been proven to be a powerful tool to complement the analysis of GLP curves, especially in complex, multi-well gas lift system. This publication offers a new approach in modeling the progression of flow pattern map (FPM) in case of reservoir pressure decline. The findings presented in this publication encourage the hypothesis that FPM can be used with minimum alteration should there be any changes in reservoir pressure.