bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bioactive Components, Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Six Components After Intragastric Administration of Qiling Wenshen Xiaonang Granule.
Authors: Shi Jiawen , Wang Yu , Zhang Yiqian , Liu Yuanxue , Huo Zhipeng , Hou Lihui , He Yi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Qiling Wenshen Xiaonang Granule (QLWSG), a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, which was recently approved by the National Medical Products Administration for clinical trials of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is necessary to do further researches about QLWSG for better understanding.Methods: In this study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of QLWSG in rat plasma were conducted by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QqQ-MS). The multi-reaction monitoring mode/electrospray ionization source of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for detection. The plasma samples were prepared by precipitating protein with organic solvent.Results: 21 prototypes in rat plasma were identified after intragastric administration of QLWSG, and most of the identified components are flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, a sensitive and specific UFLC-QqQ-MS method was also built, which was used for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of six active components, astragaloside IV, calycosin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, icariin, epimedin C and rosmarinic acid in rat plasma after intragastric administration of QLWSG with three doses (8, 16, 24 g/kg). All the calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.9942) in the range of concentration measured. The validated method is stable and reliable, meanwhile, successfully applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation of tested compounds. The results showed that there was no significant difference in half-lives (t1/2) and clearance (CL/F) of six analytes at the three doses were observed.Conclusions: It can be inferred that the pharmacokinetic behavior of QLWSG is positively correlated to dose at the range of 8–24 g/kg. Simultaneous determination of the six compounds in vivo for the first time by UFLC-QqQ-MS. The validated method and the results of this study would benefit therapeutic material basis and clinical application for QLWSG. And the validated method would also be applied to the analysis of other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions.
Stromaphane: A New Type of Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with Subnanometric Slit-Shaped Pores
Authors: Peng Jian-Jhih , Yang Hau-Ren , Pai Chun-Wai , Chen Wei-Ting , Chen Chong-You , Li Chang-Yun , Huang Shou-Ling , Chen Yen-Chen , Lee Shern-Long , Chuang Yu-Chun , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Hsu I-Jui , Chen Chun-hsien , Lai Yu-Ying , Lai Guoqiao , Luh Tien-Yau 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stromaphane is a new type of two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D-COF), constituting of multiple layers of ladderphanes where two adjacent ladderphane motifs share a common polymeric backbone. The linkers for each ladderphane moiety are perpendicular to the polymeric backbones and staggered with the linkers in the immediate neighbouring ladderphane layers. The framework of the stromaphane contains numerous slit-shaped pores with a width in subnanometres and length in nanometers. This 2D-COF is synthesized by Grubbs G-I catalyst-mediated stereospecific ring opening metathesis polymerisation of a biscyclopropene derivative having a benzene triad linker. The overall process can be considered as a self-intercalation polymerisation of a biscyclopropene. The structure of the 2D-COF has been proved by XRD measurements, DFT simulation, and STM images. This 2D-COF is composed of substituted poly(methylene-E-vinylene) (PMEV) backbones and benzene triad linkers to form a two-dimensional framework with multiply symmetrically distributed subnanometric slit-shaped pores.
MiR-18a-5p Promotes NPC Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and EMT by Targeting SMAD2
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Xing Junhui , Jiang Jianwu , Tian Xinyu , Liu Xuemeng , Yao Rui , Wu Leiming , Liang Cui , Zhang Yanzhou , Liu Junqi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck that is characterized by high local malignant invasion and distant metastasis. miR-18a-5p reportedly plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying miR-18a-5p’s role in NPC.Methods：Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-18a-5p in NPC tissues and cell lines. MTT assay and plate clone formation assay were used to detect the effect of miR-18a-5p on NPC cell proliferation. Woundhealing assays and Transwell assays were used to detect the effect of miR-18a-5p on NPC cell invasion and migration. The expressions of epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins N-cadherin, Vimentin, and E-cadherin were detected by Westernblot. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to detect the targeting interaction between miR-18a-5p and SMAD2. Xenotransplantation and metastasis model were used to detect the effect of miR-18a-5p on NPC growth and metastasis in vivo.Results:miR-18a-5p was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-18a-5p promotedNPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT process, whereas inhibition of miR-18a-5p expression led to the oppositeresults. Results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that SMAD2 was the target gene of miR-18a-5p, and SMAD2 could reverse the effect of miR-18a-5p on NPC cell line. Xenotransplantation and metastasis model experiments in nude mice showed that miR-18a-5p promotesNPC growth and metastasis in vivo.Conclusions:Targeting SMAD2 downregulated miR-18a-5p expression, thereby promoting NPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT.
Physical, Perceptual, Socio-Relational and Affective Limitation of Five-Years-Old Children Born Preterm and Full-Term.
Authors: Gil-Madrona Pedro , Romero-Martínez Sonia , Roz-Faraco Carmen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the development of physical-motor, perceptual-motor and socio-relational and affective skills of five-years-old children born preterm and full term, completing the Checklist of Psychomotor Activities.Methods: A prospective simple ex-post facto study was conducted. The sample consisted of six hundred ninety-four (694) five-year-old children enrolled in the third year of early childhood education in the Province of Albacete-Spain. This study is based on medical histories - prior parental written consents - and the results of evaluating the motor skills completing the Checklist of Psychomotor Activities (CPA).Results: The study determined that children born preterm have a lower development of their physical-motor skills. In the perceptual-motor field, premature children show lower scores in the variables related to their body image and body schema, motor dissociation and visual-motor coordination, as well as in socio-relational and affective aspects. However, regarding laterality, dynamic coordination, motor execution, tonic-postural control and balance, the development of these skills is not affected.Conclusions: The study demonstrates the needs to establish protocols oriented to the prevention of the difficulties detected in children with psychomotor high-risk and also the needs to reinforce the educational programs in this particular area to improve the integral development of children born preterm since they show less development of physical-motor perceptual-motor, socio-relational and affective skills.
STING Mediates Cytosolic Dna-Induced Muc5ac Mrna Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ohta Masaya , Nishida Yutaka , Yagi Hisako , Aizawa Aikira , Oyanagi Takahito , Saitoh Akihiko , Yamada Satoshi , Ishige Takashi , Kobayashi Yasuko , Arakawa Hirokzu , Takizawa Takumi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-autologous and autologous cytosolic DNA are recognized as danger signals by cytoplasmic sensor molecules that activate signal-transduction pathways. An important molecule in cytosolic DNA sensing is stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an endoplasmic reticulum protein activated by cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) produced in response to cytosolic DNA. STING is important for innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA in immune cells; however, knowledge about its role in bronchial epithelial cells is limited. Methods: We stimulated NCI-H292 cells with poly(dA:dT) and silenced STING and other regulatory proteins, and then determined MUC5AC mRNA expression levels. Results: Cytosolic DNA increased the expression of a major respiratory mucin protein, MUC5AC, in the human respiratory epithelial cell line NCI-H292 in a STING-dependent manner. Introducing poly(dA:dT) into the cytoplasm induced MUC5AC and interferon-β (IFNβ) expression. Silencing STING by RNA interference decreased poly(dA:dT)-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression but increased IFN-β mRNA levels. Furthermore, cGAMP treatment increased MUC5AC expression but not IFN-β expression. In contrast, silencing retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), which is a component of a different nucleic acid-sensing system, suppressed poly(dA:dT)-induced IFN-β expression and increased MUC5AC expression. Conclusions: Unlike its role in other cell types, in human bronchial epithelial cells, STING is central to cytosolic DNA-induced MUC5AC expression, whereas IFN-β expression is dependent on RIG-I. Our data indicate a functional interaction between the STING and RIG-I pathways, suggesting the existence of intricate and cell-specific cytosolic DNA-sensing systems.
Soil foundation and structure interaction effects on the estimating of fundamental period of instrumented buildings
Authors: TORKIA HAITEM , Toufik Maalem , Noureddine Lahbari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose new expressions for fundamental period of reinforced concrete buildings which takes into account of soil foundation and structure interaction SFSI effects and its variation of 215 existing buildings located in the USA, Europe and Asia. Diagrams representing empirical relationship between fundamental period-height in most recent research and building codes. No difference was observed in the value of period T as a result of degradation of the soil bearing capacity in this ranges. It is incorrect to present a single equation or a single diagram for different geotechnical conditions. To evaluate SFSI effects, simplified SFSI modal described in this work using on Van nuys building-VN7SH and are compared with those obtained by different authors. In order to developed a simplifieds equations for estimating fundamental periods of vibration for 03 geomorphological sites, 40 existing buildings recorded over a period of 24 years located in the sites of California are utilized, that encompass a wide range of structural and geotechnical conditions. On the other hand,175 more buildings used from Europe and Asia exposed to earthquake actions were examined to evaluate the accuracy of the relationship.A collective examination of the empirical, measured and procedures show that the fundamental period is fonction of to the building overall height H estimated on empirical formulas provided by earthquake design codes used for buildings under SFSI conditions effects under certain circumstances, underestimate the real response of the structures.
The results reveal the effects of SFSI due to an earthquake recorded motion on the response of buildings depends mainly on the soil mass amplification, as well as secondary influences from type, shape and inertia of foundation.
Number of Pre-Existing Comorbidities and Prognosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jing Danrong , Su Juan , Ye Lin , Zhang Yan , Cui Yanhui , Liu Hong , Shen Minxue , Pan Pinhua , Chen Xiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Though many studies have described the association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases, information with the combine effects of comorbidities to COVID-19 patients have not been well characterized yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of numbers of comorbidities with critical type and death of COVID-19.Methods: This was a single-centered retrospective study among patients with COVID-19. All patients with COVID-19 enrolled in this study were diagnosed according to World Health Organization interim guidance. Six different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases were included in this study. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the fixed effect of numbers of comorbidities on critical type or death, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: In total, 475 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study, included 234 females and 241 males. Hypertension was the most frequent type (162 [34.1%] of 475 patients). Patients with two or more comorbidities have higher risk of critical type (OR 3.072, 95% CI [1.581, 5.970], p=0.001) and death (OR 5.538, 95% CI [1.577, 19.451], p=0.008) compared to patients without comorbidities. And the results were similar after adjusting for age and gender in critical type (OR 2.021, 95% CI [1.002–4.077], p=0.049) and death (OR 3.653, 95% CI [0.989, 13.494], p=0.052).Conclusions: The number of comorbidities was an independent risk factor for critical type and death in COVID-19 patients.
Determinants of regular demand for antiretroviral therapy in Togo
Authors: Bagnan BATO , OKEY Mawussé K. N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic reduces the annual growth rate of developing countries by 0.8%. Regular demand for antiretrovirals (ARV) becomes imperative. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors of regular ARV demand. The study concerns 2269 patients who initiated treatment between January 1 and December 31, 2017 in Togo. Methods: From the study of the behavior of the care consumer, the analysis of the non-monetary determinants of health care demand is based on the Logit model.Results: Most patients are between the ages of 26 and 45 years old. Out of 2269 patients, 32% are irregular at monthly appointments. Sex, occupational status, World Health Organization (WHO) stage of illness, marital status and administrative region of life influence patient compliance. Conclusion: Despite free treatment of HIV, adherence to care remains a crucial problem in the context of HIV treatment. The personalized and differentiated follow-up become important, coupled with the improvement of patients' socio-economic conditions and geographic accessibility to care.
Long term complications of hypospadias repair: A ten-year experience from Northern Zone of Tanzania.
Authors: mohd mbarouk said , Bright Frank bright , Mteta Alfred kien , Mbwambo Jasper said , Ngowi Bartholomew nicolaus , Mbwambo Orgeness jasper , Yongolo Sidney , Mganga Andrew mganga 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Hypospadias is one of the commonest congenital penile abnormalities in new born males. The external urethral opening can be located anywhere from the glans penis along the ventral aspect of the shaft of the penis up to the scrotum or the perineum in extreme cases. The condition has a huge impact on the patient’s psychological, emotional and sexual well-being. Aim To determine the proportion of patient who develop long term complications after hypospadias repair and its associated risk factors. Materials and Methods This was a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study, conducted at KCMC Urology Institute from January 2009 to December 2018.The structural data sheet was used to collect information from patient file. Study parameters include age, location of hypospadias, surgical technique, surgeon experience, chordee, suture size, materials to assess the association with long-term complications. Results: A total of 254 patients were included in the study, majority were aged more than two years (71.83%) with mean age at operation (SD) of 4.74 ± 2.99 years) . Distal types were the most common type of hypospadias 125(50%), where by 51(20%) of patients had severe chordee. TIP repair was most common technique in 130(51.59%). The proportion of long-term complications among patients who underwent hypospadias repair was 156(61.60%) and UCF accounted for 40.5%, the surgeon experience, location of hypospadias, surgical technique and associate chordee were significant predictors of long-term complications of hypospadias repair. Conclusion TIP urethroplasty is a safe and reliable method of hypospadias repair. Proximal hypospadias with severe chordee still remain a challenge.
Awareness, treatment, control, and determinants of dyslipidemia among adults in China: results from the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project (CNSSPP)
Authors: Opoku Sampson , Gan Yong , Addo-Yobo Emmanuel , Yue Wei , Wang Zhihong , Lu Zuxun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Effective management of dyslipidemia could play a vital role in the control of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the awareness, treatment, control, and determinants of dyslipidemia in middle-aged and older Chinese adults in China. METHODS Using data from the 2015 CNSSPP, a nationally representative sample of 135,403 Chinese adults aged over 40 years were included in the cross-sectional analysis. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. Models were constructed to adjust for sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics with bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTSOverall, 51.1% of the subjects were women. Sixty-four percent (36,958/57760) were aware of their condition, of whom 18.9% (6993/36958) received treatment, and of whom 7.3 % (504 /6993) had controlled lipids. Women versus men had higher proportions of awareness, treatment, and control (69.2% vs. 58.3%, 63.8% vs.64.1% and 7.7% vs.7.0%; p< 0.001), respectively. Dyslipidemia treatment was higher in men from rural than urban areas (15.4% vs. 10.6%; p<0.001). Most subjects (94.3%), had dyslipidemia in their family. The proportion of awareness was higher among urban compared to rural residents across all the socioeconomic regions: low-income (68.8% vs. 60.4%), middle-income (69.4% vs.63.9%), and high-income (66% vs.58.6%), respectively (all p< 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, significant associations were found between awareness and women, urban residents, having a family history, and central obesity. Being a woman, having a personal history of stroke or CHD, being a drinker, having health insurance, and persons who lived in high-income regions had higher odds of receiving treatment. Adults in the 50 - 59 years age group, having health insurance, central and general obesity, living in a stroke belt or northern zone, urban area, and women showed statistically significant relationships with control. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemia awareness was moderately high, but treatment and control were low. Improvements in education programs and therapeutic management may be necessary to promote and optimize the management of dyslipidemia.
Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precancerous Lesions can be Detected by white Light Endoscopy with the Aid of White Substance
Authors: Wang Yingbang , Yang Guodong , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Xiaoming , Wu Linyi , Yu Xiaogang , Mu Zhao , Chen Yuling , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the presence of white substance on the esophageal mucosa is associated with tumor lesions of the flat esophageal mucosa. Since the early lesions of esophageal mucosa are mostly flat, we reasoned that the white substance might also be indicative of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of white substance in the detection of flat esophageal mucosal lesions and precancerous lesions associated with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Methods: Clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with flat esophageal mucosal disease were collected. The lesions were divided into a neoplastic group and a non-neoplastic group, and the clinicopathological differences between the groups were analyzed. The patients were also divided into two groups based on the presence of white substance after endoscopic examination: a “white substance” group and a “non-white substance” group. The differences between the two groups were analyzed. The diagnostic value of white substance for detection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and related precancerous lesions was calculated and the pathological nature of white substance inferred. Results: In total, 183 patients with flat esophageal mucosal lesions were enrolled, including 92 (50.3%) with neoplastic lesions and 91 (49.7%) with non-neoplastic lesions. Forty-nine cases (26.8%) presented white substance in the esophageal mucosa. White substance was mainly found in female patients (57.1%), middle esophagus (75.5%), and 60-69-year-old patients (51.0%). Moreover, white substance was more frequently found in neoplastic than in non-neoplastic lesions (43.5% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.05). Consistently, neoplastic lesions were more represented in the white substance group than in the non-white substance group and the difference was statistically significant (79.6 vs. 20.4%, p < 0.05). 51% of the patients in the white substance group, but only 26.1% of those in the non-white substance group, had hyperkeratosis and necrosis, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of white substance for detection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions was 42.4% (95% CI, 32.8%–52.6%),the specificity 89.0% (95% CI, 80.8%–94.1%).Conclusions: White substance in the mucosa of flat esophageal lesions exhibited high specificity for the diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Thus, the presence of white substance in the esophageal mucosa, even in the absence of obvious lesions, may reflect the presence of latent early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. White substance was associated with hyperkeratosis and necrosis.