bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Fetal Fraction and Birth Weight in Women with Negative First-Trimester Cell-Free DNA Screening
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Berry Margaret , Shook Lydia L. , Roberts Penelope S. , Goldfarb Ilona T. , Bernstein Sarah N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective To determine the association between low fetal fraction and birth weight among women with a negative cell-free DNA (cfDNA) result for common aneuploidies in the first trimester.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of women who delivered a singleton between July 2016 and June 2018 at a single institution and had normal cfDNA testing in the first trimester. The primary variable of interest was “low fetal fraction,” which was defined as fetal fractions less than 5th percentile among all fetal fractions in the cohort (fetal fraction < 5.34%). The primary outcomes were birth weight ≤ 5th and ≤ 10th percentiles. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed for the association between low fetal fraction and birth weight.
Results A total of 7,478 women delivered a singleton at ≥24 weeks' gestation, of which 2,387 (32%) underwent genetic screening through cfDNA; the majority were in the first trimester (n = 2,052 [86%]). 2,035 met the inclusion criteria. Birth weight ≤ 5th percentile was significantly higher in the low fetal fraction group (6.9 vs. 3.2%; p = 0.04). A low fetal fraction was associated with higher odds of an infant with a low birth weight: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.32 (95% CI 1.15–4.67) for birth weight ≤ 10th percentile (p = 0.02) and aOR of 3.73 (95% CI 1.40–9.03) for birth weight ≤ 5th percentile (p = 0.004).
Conclusion Low fetal fractions of ≤ 5th percentile were associated with an increased risk of birth weights ≤ 5th and ≤ 10th percentiles in women with negative cfDNA screening in the first trimester. Future work is needed to further investigate this relationship and to determine the potential clinical implications, such as third-trimester screening for growth restriction in women with low fetal fractions and negative cfDNA screening results.
Better alone than in bad company
Authors: Rossi Silvia , Ruocco Martina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing artificial emotions helps in making human-robot interaction more personalised, natural, and so more likeable. In the case of humanoid robots with constrained facial expression, the literature concentrates on the expression of emotions by using other nonverbal interaction channels. When using multi-modal communication, indeed, it is important to understand the effect of the combination of such non-verbal cues, while the majority of the works addressed only the role of single channels in the human recognition performance. Here, we present an attempt to analyse the effect of the combination of different animations expressing the same emotion or different ones. Results show that when an emotion is successfully expressed using a single channel, the combination of this channel with other animations, that may have lower recognition rates, appears to be less communicative.
On the impact of different types of errors on trust in human-robot interaction
Authors: Flook Rebecca , Shrinah Anas , Wijnen Luc , Eder Kerstin , Melhuish Chris , Lemaignan Séverin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trust is a key dimension of human-robot interaction (HRI), and has often been studied in the HRI community. A
common challenge arises from the difficulty of assessing trust levels in ecologically invalid environments: we present in this
paper two independent laboratory studies, totalling 160 participants, where we investigate the impact of different types of errors
on resulting trust, using both behavioural and subjective measures of trust. While we found a (weak) general effect of errors on
reported and observed level of trust, no significant differences between the type of errors were found in either of our studies.
We discuss this negative result in light of our experimental protocols, and argue for the community to move towards alternative
methodologies to assess trust.
Reshaping human intention in Human-Robot Interactions by robot moves
Authors: Durdu Akif , Erkmen Aydan M. , Yilmaz Alper 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper outlines the methodology and experiments associated with the reshaping of human intentions based on
robot movements within Human-Robot Interactions (HRIs). Although studies on estimating human intentions are well studied in the
literature, reshaping intentions through robot-initiated interactions is a new significant branching in the field of HRI. In this
paper, we analyze how estimated human intentions can intentionally change through cooperation with mobile robots in real
Human-Robot environments. This paper proposes an intention-reshaping system that includes either the Observable Operator Models
(OOMs) or Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to estimate human intention and decide which moves a robot should perform to reshape
previously estimated human intentions into desired ones. At the low level, the system needs to track the locations of all mobile
agents using cameras. We test our system on videos taken in a real HRI environment that has been developed as our experimental
setup. The results show that OOMs are faster than HMMs and both models give correct decisions for testing sequences.
At the frontlines of the online scientific article
Authors: Harmon Joseph E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Inaugurated in 1665, the scientific journal article slowly evolved an elaborate set of discourse norms related to style, presentation features like references and figures, and argument. With the recent “webification” of the scientific literature, these norms have remained in place while the digital opportunities afforded by webification have supplemented and enhanced some of them. Leading the way on these fronts has been a set of digital-only scientific journals published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) – founded in 2000 and now one of the major digital innovators in scientific publishing. This chapter focuses on the substantive changes PLOS and a few other publishers have brought to the genre of both the scientific article and journal, and speculates on what additional changes in the genre might be expected in the coming decades.
The case of the scientific research article and lessons concerning genre change online
Authors: Mehlenbacher Ashley Rose , Mehlenbacher Brad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the apparatus surrounding the scientific research article (SRA) has evolved to include hyperlinks, comments, and supplementary data in online repositories, the genre itself seems stubbornly committed to its form. In itself, the lack of change is an important and notable case for genre scholarship. Recently, however, the replication crisis in the psychological and life sciences has created an exigence for genre change. The “Registered Report” is an emerging genre of SRA that responds to issues raised by the replication crisis that we will examine in this chapter. Rather than characterizing the genre in linguistic terms alone, we advance a rhetorical inquiry into the recurrent rhetorical situation to which this permutation on the scientific research article responds.
Continuity and change
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The move to new open access formats in scientific peer review is thought to have influenced the way referees and authors interact. This chapter considers the genre of author responses to referees in terms of relational work, and compares published responses in an anonymized online open access review system with a similar corpus of confidential responses to referees submitted by traditional means. In general, the online open access responses are longer, more syntactically complex and show more evidence of relational work than the confidential responses. However, when analyzed qualitatively, the proportions of different compliant and non-compliant moves are found to be similar in the two corpora. This chapter thus illustrates continuity and change in one genre’s transition from traditional to open, online format.
The role of genre hybridity and hypermodality in digital knowledge dissemination
Authors: Mirović Ivana , Bogdanović Vesna , Bulatović Vesna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
New forms of discourse which have emerged as a result of synergies between traditional and digital genres utilize the resources of multimodal and hypertextual communication to change the ways in which knowledge is communicated. This case study examines the online edition of the IEEE Spectrum magazine, which uses the potential of new media and integrates a variety of genres to inform the members of IEEE, the world’s largest engineering association, about advancements in technology, engineering, and science. The study seeks to explore in what ways the newly evolved genre of the hypermodal digital article is related to the genres traditionally used for the dissemination of scientific knowledge and how the affordances of digital format maximize knowledge dissemination.
#Vaccineswork
Authors: Orpin Deborah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the ways in which information originating in epidemiological reports is recontextualized in the @ECDC_VPD account, the Twitter account of a European health agency. Using a corpus-assisted discourse analytical approach complemented with multimodal analysis, this study compares the strategies used to achieve proximity (Hyland 2010) in the space-constrained genre of Twitter with those used in the source texts. The study finds that the macro-structural properties of the @ECDC_VPD tweets have become more complex over time and the use of images to enhance meaning-making has increased. The drive to present claims as newsworthy, coupled with the 140/280-character constraint, results in the tweets containing greater relative use of stance markers and lower use of epistemic modals than is observed in the source texts. The @ECDC_VPD tweets display a greater range of engagement strategies than is seen in the source texts.
The representation of science and technology in genres of Vatican discourse
Authors: Smart Graham , Falconer Matthew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study presented in this chapter focuses on the discursive representations of science and technology embedded in Laudato Si’, an instance of a traditional print genre in the process of becoming digitalized. The study describes the epistemic discursive activity organized by two genre sets, with Laudato Si’ occupying a place in both. The first genre set, which we have labelled the “science/technology genre set,” has functioned for almost a century as a discursive vehicle supporting an intertextual chain of uptake and recontextualization used in developing an evolving body of institutional knowledge and collective argumentation regarding science and technology, knowledge and argumentation that eventually emerged in Laudato Si’. The second digital genre set, which we refer to as the “launch-day genre set” was employed to rapidly disseminate Laudato Si’ around the world. As well, we characterize Laudato Si’ as an instance of a “hybrid genre,” a genre combining certain affordances of digital communication with valued residual features of an antecedent genre and its traditional print text.
Public- and expert-facing communication
Authors: Reid Gwendolynne , Anson Chris M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes a qualitative case study of digitally-mediated production and communication of research in the biological sciences. The study focuses on the citizen science “Heartbeats Project,” conceived by a U.S.-based evolutionary biology lab to explore the data behind the well-known rule that, on average, mammals’ hearts beat one billion times per lifetime. Our analysis describes three ways that polycontextuality and context collapse figured in the team’s production of digital, spoken, and print-based genres arising from their work. These dynamics complicate traditional understandings of the relationships between scientific and public genres, as well as existing conceptions of composition, genre, authors, and audiences in the production and circulation of scientific findings and the (re)production of science.
Dimensions of recipe register and native speaker knowledge
Authors: Kaneyasu Michiko , Kuhara Minako 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates native Japanese speakers’ context-dependent linguistic knowledge of cooking recipes. Recipes are a typical example of a register, defined as the use of language in a particular social situation for a specific purpose. Thirty participants in the present study were asked to write a recipe for curry rice (a popular dish in Japan) or an unnamed soup (shown in a photo) on a blank piece of paper without access to any resources. Most participants’ texts contained specialized vocabulary and basic procedural organization. On the other hand, few integrated the typical grammatical features of commercial recipes. It suggests that the latter details are not part of the communicative repertoires of most participants. The grammatical characteristics of commercial recipes are likely a product of careful editing, aimed for clarity and consistency. Professional editing appears to have a significant role in shaping the grammar of the written register.
Questioning the clause as a crosslinguistic unit in grammar and interaction
Authors: Laury Ritva , Ono Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Ryoko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on ‘clause’, a celebrated structural unit in linguistics, by comparing Finnish and Japanese, two languages which are genetically, typologically, and areally distinct from each other and from English, the language on the basis of which this structural unit has been most typically discussed. We first examine how structural units including the clause have been discussed in the literature on Finnish and Japanese. We will then examine the reality of the clause in everyday talk in these languages quantitatively and qualitatively; in our qualitative analysis, we focus in particular on what units are oriented to by conversational participants. The current study suggests that the degree of grammaticization of the clause varies cross-linguistically and questions the central theoretical status accorded to this structural unit.
Expressing possibility in two Oceanic languages
Authors: Prince Kilu von , Margetts Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we offer the first detailed description of expressions of possibility in the Oceanic languages Daakaka and Saliba-Logea. We show that in these languages basic expressions of possibility are bi-clausal. This suggests that, depending on their intended scope, typological studies of modal expressions may need to consider grammaticalized bi-clausal structures which have typically been excluded in studies of this domain based on their structural complexity. Relevant features to consider bi-clausal constructions as basic, grammaticalized expressions of possibility include their frequency, semantic specificity, and paradigmatic relationship with other modal expressions. The findings presented here are based on the analysis of original corpus data and targeted fieldwork.
Norms and normativity in language and linguistics
Authors: Mäkilähde Aleksi , Leppänen Ville , Itkonen Esa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Underlying all the chapters of this volume are the concepts of norm and normativity. In this Introduction we set the stage for the individual chapters: first, by introducing certain basic concepts and relevant terminology; second, by briefly discussing the status of two types of norms in linguistics; third, by providing an overview of the role of normativity in the history of linguistics; and fourth, by presenting an outline of the volume and contextualising it in broader terms.
Concerning the scope of normativity
Authors: Itkonen Esa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Wherever a mistake can be made, there is a corresponding norm. Normativity is divided into correctness and rationality. These two dimensions are independent of each other, as shown by the fact that rational actions can be performed by speaking incorrectly, and irrational actions can be performed by speaking correctly. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the scope of both aspects of normativity. The main focus is on the pervasiveness of normativity in linguistics, exemplified here in particular through linguistic semantics and the use of explanations in the field of ‘causal’ linguistics (e.g. psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, diachronic linguistics). In addition, it is shown that normativity permeates such broader areas as scientific activity in general as well as our everyday lives.
A primer for linguistic normativists
Authors: Kac Michael B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A normative domain is a realm of action or thought in which it’s necessary to invoke the concepts of requirement/obligation, permission or prohibition. Closely associated with these is that of correctness. A rule of grammar, as this term is traditionally understood (e.g., the requirement that determiners precede the nouns with which they are associated) is accordingly normative in nature. This chapter explores some of the consequences of this fact, including: the relationship between the notions of rule and constraint; broad- vs. narrow-scope rules; and ascription of different kinds of ill-formedness to ungrammatical examples. Some attention is also given to the critique of grammaticality-based and intuition-grounded linguistic practice advanced by Sampson and Babarczy (2013), and motivation is offered for a warmer embrace of traditional grammar than is customary among linguists.
The normative basis of construal
Authors: Möttönen Tapani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Normative and cognitive-linguistic accounts of linguistic meaning are often portrayed and conceived as mutually exclusive alternatives. This dichotomy stems from an insufficient understanding of what the phenomenological accessibility of meaning and usage-basedness of language entail. Namely, the theoretical premises of Cognitive Linguistics actually presuppose socially grounded, normative linguistic meanings. The question remains, what kind of entities normative meanings are like. The present chapter makes a case for construal, linguistic perspective-taking usually analyzed as a conceptual phenomenon, as a normative facet of meaning. Analysis presented here suggests that construal emerges as an inherent property of linguistic expressions via conventionalization of intentionality. This analysis does not only expand the area of linguistic normativity but also points to the integral relation between linguistic norms and intentionality.
Language as a system of norms and the Voloshinovian critique of abstract objectivism
Authors: Laasanen Mikko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Valentin Voloshinov’s philosophy of linguistics is sometimes presented as an alternative to the Saussurean doctrine, especially in the dialogical approach to language. The purpose of this study is to review Voloshinov’s philosophy of linguistics and to critically examine his critique of the Saussurean position, which he calls abstract objectivism, in order to determine whether his critique is accurate, and to ascertain whether his concept of linguistics offers a viable alternative to the Saussurean position. The analysis of Voloshinov’s critique is based on the key Saussurean concepts of langue, parole and synchrony. In addition, the study also discusses Voloshinov’s theory of meaning, the role of written language in linguistic study and the normativity of language. Based on the results of the study, Voloshinov’s philosophy of linguistics does not offer a viable alternative to the Saussurean position, as it presupposes it.
Linguistic variation and change
Authors: Leppänen Ville 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter offers a preliminary examination of linguistic variation and change from the normative perspective. Both key aspects of normativity, correctness and rationality, are discussed in the context of theoretical discussion and demonstrated by concrete examples drawn from the existing literature on normativity, sociolinguistics and historical linguistics. The goal is to show, how linguistic variation and change can be understood as empirical phenomena involving norms as constitutive (as opposed to merely evaluative or prescriptive) entities in the ontology of language. Of the three variation types thus identified, only the one involving indeterminable correctness appears central to language change. Finally, language change is conceptualized and discussed as a process of norm change (i.e. as an appearance, disappearance or replacement of norms).
Intuition and beyond
Authors: Pajunen Anneli , Itkonen Esa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
From the methodological point of view, linguistics is not a monolith. Nor is it an arbitrary conglomerate of unrelated methods. Rather, the methods most commonly used in linguistic description constitute a definite hierarchy that is motivated both logically and temporally, namely: intuition-based research > corpus research > experimentation. The last stage is in turn divided into loose (i.e. questionnaire method) and strict (e.g. eye movement research). It is the purpose of the present article to justify this thesis in some detail.
The effects of unknown additional eccentric loading on bench‐press kinematics and muscle activation in professional handball and rugby players
Authors: García‐López David , Maroto‐Izquierdo Sergio , Zarzuela Raúl , Martín‐santana Esperanza , Antón Sandra , Sedano Silvia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the influence of unknown additional eccentric loading on bench‐press kinematics (peak velocity, peak acceleration and accelerative percentage of the concentric phase) and muscle activation (pectoralis major and anterior deltoid) in professional rugby and handball players. Seventeen professional athletes were randomly assigned to complete three separate bench‐press repetitions with different AEL schemes (100/40%, 100/60% and 100/80% of 1RM eccentric/concentric loading, respectively) under two conditions: known‐ and unknown‐concentric load (KL and UL, respectively). Results indicate that the lack of knowledge regarding the additional eccentric load induced a significant increase in peak acceleration and agonist‐muscles electromyographic activity, with no changes regarding peak velocity or accelerative percentage during the concentric phase. These results support the use of unknown loads as a practical strategy in eliciting rapid muscle activation and force production, which is critical in many sports, such as handball or rugby.