bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of root water uptake models in simulating CO2 and H2O fluxes and growth of wheat
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Huu , Langensiepen Matthias , Vanderborght Jan , Hüging Hubert , Mboh Cho Miltin , Ewert Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Stomatal regulation and whole plant hydraulic signaling affect water fluxes and stress in plants. Land surface models and crop models use a coupled photosynthesis–stomatal conductance modeling approach. Those models
estimate the effect of soil water stress on stomatal conductance directly
from soil water content or soil hydraulic potential without explicit
representation of hydraulic signals between the soil and stomata. In order
to explicitly represent stomatal regulation by soil water status as a
function of the hydraulic signal and its relation to the whole plant
hydraulic conductance, we coupled the crop model LINTULCC2 and the root
growth model SLIMROOT with Couvreur's root water uptake model (RWU) and the HILLFLOW soil water balance model. Since plant hydraulic conductance depends on the plant development, this model coupling represents a two-way coupling between growth and plant hydraulics. To evaluate the advantage of
considering plant hydraulic conductance and hydraulic signaling, we compared the performance of this newly coupled model with another commonly used approach that relates root water uptake and plant stress directly to the root zone water hydraulic potential (HILLFLOW with Feddes' RWU model).
Simulations were compared with gas flux measurements and crop growth data
from a wheat crop grown under three water supply regimes (sheltered,
rainfed, and irrigated) and two soil types (stony and silty) in western
Germany in 2016. The two models showed a relatively similar performance in
the simulation of dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), root growth, RWU, gross assimilation rate,
and soil water content. The Feddes model predicts more stress and less
growth in the silty soil than in the stony soil, which is opposite to the
observed growth. The Couvreur model better represents the difference in
growth between the two soils and the different treatments. The newly coupled model (HILLFLOW–Couvreur's RWU–SLIMROOT–LINTULCC2) was also able to simulate the dynamics and magnitude of whole plant hydraulic conductance
over the growing season. This demonstrates the importance of two-way
feedbacks between growth and root water uptake for predicting the crop
response to different soil water conditions in different soils. Our results
suggest that a better representation of the effects of soil characteristics
on root growth is needed for reliable estimations of root hydraulic
conductance and gas fluxes, particularly in heterogeneous fields. The newly
coupled soil–plant model marks a promising approach but requires further
testing for other scenarios regarding crops, soil, and climate.
Ensino Religioso: por uma prática que promova conscientização
Authors: Brotto Julio Cezar de Paula , Stephanini Valdir 
Published: October 2020

Reconhecendo que a presença da disciplina Ensino Religioso Escolar em escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental no Brasil é um assunto complexo e polêmico, é de fundamental importância que se busque alternativas para que sua oferta se dê de tal forma a possibilitar o surgimento de pessoas conscientes e participativas no processo de transformação da sociedade. Foi em busca desse objetivo que os autores desse artigo encontraram na categoria da conscientização, proposta por Paulo Freire, um caminho possível para que professores e professoras da disciplina Ensino Religioso das escolas públicas brasileiras contribuam para a formação de cidadãos e cidadãs autônomos/as, a partir da aquisição de uma consciência crítica, capazes de fazerem suas próprias escolhas, com plena liberdade. Metodologicamente o artigo foi organizado a partir do método Ver, Julgar e Agir. Este método de análise permite olhar a realidade socioeconômica, política e cultural na qual as pessoas encontram-se inseridas, confrontar com determinado instrumental teórico, com o objetivo de propor possíveis caminhos e alternativas para a promoção de uma educação libertadora. Desta forma, na primeira seção, intitulada Norteando o olhar, foram apresentadas duas categorias teóricas relativas à educação, a saber: educação bancária e educação libertadora. Na segunda, Definindo o olhar buscou-se tecer uma abordagem em torno da categoria da conscientização, proposta por Paulo Freire. Na terceira seção, Desvendando o olhar, os autores apresentam possíveis caminhos de ação para uma educação libertadora a partir do ensino da disciplina de Ensino Religioso.
Ensino Religioso em contexto democrático: debate nas escolas públicas contemporâneas
Authors: Oliveira Aurenéa Maria de 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a presença contemporânea das religiões no espaço público brasileiro, tendo como eixo de debate nesse processo o Ensino Religioso (ER). Neste aspecto, dialoga-se com a dimensão laica dos estabelecimentos educacionais, especificamente públicos, questionando a pertinência ou não da disciplina em tela neles e enfatizam-se, no decorrer do percurso, reflexões que podem ampliar essa discussão, sobretudo no que se refere a olhares, currículo e conteúdos programáticos. Desse modo, parte-se do pressuposto de que o atual currículo de ER preconiza a sociabilidade da disciplina à medida que sugere que ela promova o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de ensino-aprendizagem em que o ser humano volte-se para a memória de sua própria cultura, retornando, consequentemente, sua busca para a compreensão de fundamentos simbólicos e diversificados que se encontram presentes nela. Sobre isso se entende que o Ensino Religioso solicita ação integrada dentro e fora do ambiente escolar, com proposta interdisciplinar envolvida pela relação entre religião, ciência, cultura e sociedade.
LAS ESCUELAS DE MÚSICA Y LOS PROYECTOS MUSICALES SOCIOEDUCATIVOS Y COMUNITARIOS. MODELOS EDUCATIVOS, RETOS Y CONTEXTOS
Authors: Lorenzo de Reizábal Margarita 
Published: October 2020

La educación musical que se imparte en las escuelas de música debe aspirar a incidir positivamente en el bienestar social de la comunidad en la que están imbricadas. El diseño y desarrollo de proyectos socioeducativos y comunitarios desde los centros de formación musical son actividades con las que, empleando la música como herramienta de mediación, se puede contribuir a paliar las disfunciones sociales del entorno más cercano, así como a generar cohesión social y sentimientos de pertenencia e identidad comunitaria. No obstante, existen ciertas inercias en los modos de hacer y una perpetuación en el tiempo de modelos educativos musicales tradicionales en los que no tienen cabida proyectos innovadores de auténtico compromiso social. En este artículo se analizan los retos y contextos que se presentan a las escuelas de música en este siglo XXI a nivel social y comunitario y el modo de abordarlos a partir de nuevos modelos educativos. La implicación y el compromiso social de las instituciones de formación musical deben originar un cambio en el diseño de actividades buscando la innovación, así como abrir nuevas vías de colaboración con otros agentes sociales e instituciones comunitarias. Para ejemplificar estas sinergias y el modo de proceder a la hora de diseñar un proyecto socioeducativo, se hace una propuesta de diseño de taller socioeducativo como guía para el desarrollo práctico de este tipo de proyectos.
A persistent abnormal repetitive behaviour in a false water cobra (Hydrodynastes gigas)
Authors: Michaels CJ , Gini BF , Clifforde L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStereotypies (a subset of Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour [ARB]) are characterised by an unchanging pattern of behaviour and in captive animals can be associated with poor welfare. Although well known in certain taxa, little is known about both welfare and ARBs in reptiles, especially snakes. We document an instance of an ARB in a captive snake species (Hydrodynastes gigas), set it in the context of husbandry in zoos, and assess efforts to reduce it. The stereotypy consisted of a fixed pattern of movement against the enclosure's viewing window. Ethographic data were used to focally sample the animal's behaviour over several months in the context of different enrichment interventions. Modified Spread of Participation Indices (mSPIs) were also calculated to quantify the evenness of enclosure use. The snake spent considerable portions of time (47% of observations) performing a behaviour that fulfils the criteria for stereotypy. mSPI data suggested a possible welfare impact of the behaviour on the snake. Zoos holding this species globally were surveyed about observations of similar behaviour and one other institution reported similar behaviour. Standard husbandry practice (A) was used alternately in an ABAC format with prey scent trails (B) and modified feeding schedules (C), representing enrichment types based on species’ natural history. Neither stereotyping frequency nor mSPI was found to be significantly affected by any of the enrichments. Our results, interpretation of which is limited by the paucity of data on snakes, uncover stereotypies in snakes and suggest that, as with other taxa, ARBs may be resistant to strategies employed to reduce them.
Assessment of the Stability of Passenger Ships in Coastal Navigation in Case of Lacking Ship Geometry Data
Authors: Lapa Kristofor 
Published: October 2020

Ships should ensure safe navigation by meeting the stability norms defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and determined by national maritime administrations. The fulfillment of these norms is becoming increasingly important, especially for passenger ships used for tourist excursions. Recently, the development of maritime tourism has greatly increased the demand for these ships most of which are converted fishing vessels. The situation described in this paper pertains to Albania and most probably differs in other countries in the region and the wider area. Ships rarely have adequate technical documentation. The Albanian Register of Shipping requires the performance of stability tests, the results of which are entered in the amended stability book to ensure the vessels’ compliance with the norms following modifications undergone and guarantee safe navigation for tourists. An examination of a variety of ship design papers helped us identify various methods and methodologies for determining approximate geometric ship elements with an acceptable degree of reliability. However, their use should be limited and reliability proven by calculating parameters such as lightship VCG, number of passengers per m2, assessing the possible range and area of navigation and weather conditions (mainly wind speed and wave forces). The calculations based on stability testing and the use of highly reliable software such as MaxSurf - Integrated Naval Architecture Software, Napa - Naval Architectural Package Autoship - Systems Operation, Orca3D – Naval Architecture Software delivered fast and reliable stability assessment results and verified conformance with the norms prescribed by the Albanian Register of Shipping.
Modelling and Delineation of Hydrocarbon Micro - Seepage Prone Zones on Soil and Sediment in Ugwueme, South Eastern Nigeria with Soil Adjustment Vegetation Index (SAVI)
Authors: Enoh Mfoniso Asuquo , Okeke Uzoma Chinenye , Barinua Needam Yiinu 
Published: October 2020

Remote Sensing is an excellent tool in monitoring, mapping and interpreting areas, associated with hydrocarbon micro-seepage. An important technique in remote sensing known as the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), adopted in many studies is often used to minimize the effect of brightness reflectance in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), related with soil in areas of spare vegetation cover, and mostly in areas of arid and semi–arid regions. The study aim at analyzing the effect of hydrocarbon micro – seepage on soil and sediments in Ugwueme, Southern Eastern Nigeria, with SAVI image classification method. To achieve this aim, three cloud free Landsat images, of Landsat 7 TM 1996 and ETM+ 2006 and Landsat 8 OLI 2016 were utilized to produce different SAVI image classification maps for the study. The SAVI image classification analysis for the study showed three classes viz Low class cover, Moderate class cover and high class cover. The category of high SAVI density classification was observed to increase progressive from 31.95% in 1996 to 34.92% in 2006 and then to 36.77% in 2016. Moderately SAVI density classification reduced from 40.53% in 1996 to 38.77% in 2006 and then to 36.96% in 2016 while Low SAVI density classification decrease progressive from 27.51% in 1996 to 26.31% in 2006 and then increased to 28.26% in 2016. The SAVI model is categorized into three classes viz increase, decrease and unchanged. The un – changed category increased from 12.32km2 (15.06%) in 1996 to 17.17 km2 (20.96%) in 2006 and then decelerate to 13.50 km2 (16.51%) in 2016. The decrease category changed from 39.89km2 (48.78%) in 1996 to 40.45 km2 (49.45%) in 2006 and to 51.52 km2 (63.0%) in 2016 while the increase category changed from 29.57km2 (36.16%) in 1996 to 24.18 km2 (29.58%) in 2006 and to 16.75 km2 (20.49%) in 2016. Image differencing, cross tabulation and overlay operations were some of the techniques performed in the study, to ascertain the effect of hydrocarbon micro - seepage. The Markov chain analysis was adopted to model and predict the effect of the hydrocarbon micro - seepage for the study for 2030. The study expound that the SAVI is an effective technique in remote sensing to identify, map and model the effect of hydrocarbon micro - seepage on soil and sediment particularly in areas characterized with low vegetation cover and bare soil cover.
A Cross-sectional Epidemiological Survey on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene amongst Residents of Bamboutos Division, West Region Cameroon: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study
Authors: Fogang R. Lontuo- , Payne V. Khan , Cedric Saah Fokou , Tsafack H. Ntangmo , Bamou R. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Although Cameroon is the second country in Africa after the Democratic Republic of Congo in terms of water availability, access to good drinking water constitutes an every day’s struggle. A household survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and hygiene practices among households during collection, storage and preservation of potable water and evaluate some general hygiene/sanitation practices employed at the household level on daily basis in Bamboutos Division.
Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2019 in two Sub-Divisions of the Bamboutos Division. Respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.
Results: Out of the 460 households interviewed, 85.09% (n=371) could cite only one waterborne diseases with typhoid taking the lead (n=331; 89.22%); followed by cholera (n=191; 51.48%) and dysenteries (n=154; 41.51%). Most residents (n=361; 79%) had poor knowledge and practices on waterborne diseases when classified in to good/poor. Several water sources were declared by residents for drinking purposes with the springs (50%), wells (35%) and boreholes (30%) as their main sources while others (35%) mentioned rain water during the rainy season. Knowledge and practices in the prevention of WBD were found to be associated to education level while water source was found to predispose people to suffer from WBD. Most participants (n=452; 98.26%) said they washed their hands before and after eating (98.26%) and after visiting the toilets (n=358; 77.82%) with water and soap (n=403; 87.60%).
Conclusion: The study indicated poor knowledge on WBD and poor practices in their prevention in Bamboutos Division. The use of a variety of water sources for drinking purposes implies that access to good quality water is a nightmare for the population of Bamboutos. Hence measures have to be put in place for the assessment of water quality and ensure the availability of potable water to everyone.
AChE Inhibition Study for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: An In-silico Study
Authors: Kausar Mohd Adnan 
Published: October 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Several acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been clinically used to delay or halt the progression of the disease. Solanadine (Snd) and gamma solamargine (Gsm) have been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The current study attempts to describe the molecular interactions between human brain AChE and inhibitors Snd and Gsm. The free energy of binding and estimated dissociation constant (Ki) for the 'Snd-AChE Catalytic Anionic site (CAS)-interaction' were determined to be –9.51 kcal/mol and 107.54 nM, respectively and the free energy of binding and estimated Ki for the 'Gsm -AChE CAS-interaction' were determined to be – 8.64 kcal/mol and 463.88 nM, respectively. Hydrophobic interactions, polar interactions, and hydrogen bonding play an important role in the correct positioning of Snd within the 'catalytic site' of AChE to permit docking, while hydrophobic interactions and polar interactions play a significant role in the correct positioning of Gsm within the 'catalytic site' of AChE to permit docking. It is hoped that the information provided in this study will help in the design of AChE-inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer agents.
Preparing for the worst: Utilizing stress‐tolerant soil microbial communities to aid ecological restoration in the Anthropocene
Authors: Valliere Justin M. , Wong Wei San , Nevill Paul G. , Zhong Hongtao , Dixon Kingsley W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract1. Multiple drivers of environmental change pose a significant challenge for ecological restoration, including climate change, soil salinization and environmental pollution. Due to the important role that soil biota play in enabling plants to cope with a variety of abiotic stressors, there is growing interest in the use of microbial inoculations to facilitate native plant restoration in the face of such change.2. Recently, novel methods have begun being explored in agriculture to harness stress‐conditioned soil biota for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crop species. Similar applications in ecological restoration – where plants are inoculated with indigenous soil microbial communities that are preconditioned to various abiotic stressors – could potentially increase our capacity to restore degraded ecosystems under global change.3. In this paper, we aim to (1) outline the ways in which soil microbial communities might be conditioned in order to confer greater stress tolerance to plants that are targets for restoration; (2) highlight successful (and unsuccessful) examples where stress‐tolerant soil microbial communities were utilized to improve plant performance; (3) describe the ways in which stress‐conditioned soil biota could be deployed in order to assist ecological restoration; and (4) discuss the potential risks and outstanding questions associated with such an approach.4. If restoration practitioners are able to harness the soil microbiome to improve plant stress tolerance as is currently being explored in agriculture, this could revolutionize methods for the restoration of degraded lands in the Anthropocene.
Rational Construction of Advanced Potassium Ion Diffusion and Storage Matrix
Authors: He Jianjiang , Lu Tiantian , Wang Kun , Wang Xin , Li Xiaodong , Shen Xiangyan , Gao Juan , Si Wenyan , Yang Ze , Huang Changshui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping new electrode materials with a regular channel for stable storage and diffusion of potassium (K) ions is crucial to alleviating the ubiquitous problems in K‐ion batteries (KIBs) such as slow diffusion rate, huge volume expansion, and unstable interface by the large K ion radius. Herein, electrode material with a facile diffusion pathway, vast space for volume expansion, and good interfacial compatibility are found to be necessary. Fluoride graphdiyne (F‐GDY) is illustrated for its expanded conductive skeleton, uniform structural pores, and well‐distributed F atoms. First‐principles computations and electrochemical characterizations reveal the high reversible capacity and cyclic stability for the instanced F‐GDY electrode through the ultralow diffusion barrier, abundant exposed active sites, and stable KF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase film. The F‐GDY anode exhibits a capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and 120 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 for 1800 cycles. These electrochemical performances of F‐GDY anode are superior than those of many other carbon materials reported to date, providing us with a new insight into the design of an electrode for KIBs.
Refreshable Braille Display System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Dielectric Elastomer
Authors: Qu Xuecheng , Ma Xiu , Shi Bojing , Li Hu , Zheng Li , Wang Chan , Liu Zhuo , Fan Yubo , Chen Xiangyu , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe blind mainly relies on Braille books to obtain text information. However, Braille books with invariable content are ponderous and inconvenient to read. Hence, it is essential to find a safe, simple and effective method to develop new Braille devices. This advanced method promises to be the next generation Braille book that is refreshable, flexible, and portable. Therefore, a safe dielectric elastomer Braille device actuated by a triboelectric nanogenerator is designed. It is easy to fabricate, inexpensive, and safe without any potential hazard for blind people. For triboelectric nanogenerators, the friction between two thin films can generate a voltage over 3 kV with a current of just 2 µA to deliver a shape change of the dielectric elastomer membrane. In the meantime, with the support of the pressor air in the chamber, the membrane will be raised up to be a touchable Braille dot. In addition, a programmed switch matrix is designed to control the Braille device with multiple dielectric elastomer dots to realize complicated refreshable display, providing a possibility of a page‐size and portable braille e‐book for the blind in the near future.
Hybrid Graphene‐Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Nucleic Acid Conjugates for Cancer‐Specific Multimodal Imaging and Combined Therapeutics
Authors: Yang Letao , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Cho Hyeon‐Yeol , Luo Jeffrey , Lee Jong‐Min , Chueng Sy‐Tsong Dean , Hou Yannan , Yin Perry To‐Tien , Han Jiyou , Kim Jong Hoon , Chung Bong Geun , Choi Jeong‐Woo , Lee Ki‐Bum 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanoparticle‐based nucleic acid conjugates (NP‐NACs) hold great promise for theragnostic applications. However, several limitations have hindered the realization of their full potential in the clinical treatment of cancer and other diseases. In diagnoses, NP‐NACs suffer from low signal‐to‐noise ratios, while the efficiency of NP‐NACs‐mediated cancer therapies has been limited by the adaptation of alternative prosurvival pathways in cancer cells. The recent emergence of personalized and precision medicine has outlined the importance of having both accurate diagnosis and efficient therapeutics in a single platform. As such, the controlled assembly of hybrid graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle (Au@GO NP)‐based cancer‐specific NACs (Au@GO NP‐NACs) for multimodal imaging and combined therapeutics is reported. The developed Au@GO NP‐NACs show excellent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐mediated live‐cell cancer detection and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy through the use of photothermal, genetic, and chemotherapeutic strategies. Synergistic and selective killing of cancer cells are then demonstrated using in vitro microfluidic models. Moreover, with the distinctive advantages of the Au@GO NP‐NACs for cancer theragnostics, precision cancer treatment through the detection of cancer cells in vivo using SERS followed by efficient ablation of tumors is shown. Therefore, the Au@GO NP‐NACs can pave a new road for advanced disease theragnostics.