bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic resection versus transarterial chemoembolization in infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Wang Yuanqi , Shen Jingxian , Feng Shiting , Liang Ruiming , Lai Jiaming , Li Dongming , Peng Baogang , Wang Zaiguo , Huang Cheng , Kuang Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPrognosis of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC) is poor, and the treatments selection based on efficacy is unclear. We performed this multicenter study to compare the efficacy of hepatic resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating patients with iHCC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the overall survivals (OS) in 319 patients with iHCC who were initially treated by hepatic resection (n = 133) or TACE (n = 186) at four tertiary centers. Fifty‐eight patients in the TACE group were assessed as resectable and compared with the hepatic resection group in subgroup analysis. A propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce selection bias. Cox regression was performed to identify significant factors associated with OS.ResultsThe median OS time was significantly longer in the hepatic resection group than that in the TACE group, before and after PSM (before PSM, 17.5 vs 7.3 months, P < 0.0001; after PSM, 14.0 vs 7.3 months, P < 0.0001). The multivariable analysis indicated TACE as a risk factor of OS (hazard ratio = 2.233, 95% confidence interval = 1.492 to 3.341, P < 0.0001), as well as portal venous tumor thrombosis grades 3–4 and alpha fetal protein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL. In the subgroup analysis, the better efficacy of hepatic resection over TACE persisted regardless of the grade of portal venous tumor thrombosis and the level of AFP. As for resectable patients, hepatic resection still showed significant survival benefit (before PSM, 17.5 vs 11.2 months, P = 0.0013; after PSM, 14.0 vs 10.9 months, P = 0.0304).ConclusionHepatic resection might be the better choice for patients with iHCC due to its better survival benefit than TACE.
Geriatric Screening, Triage Urgency, and 30‐Day Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Blomaard Laura C. , Speksnijder Corianne , Lucke Jacinta A. , de Gelder Jelle , Anten Sander , Schuit Stephanie C.E. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , de Groot Bas , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDUrgency triage in the emergency department (ED) is important for early identification of potentially lethal conditions and extensive resource utilization. However, in older patients, urgency triage systems could be improved by taking geriatric vulnerability into account. We investigated the association of geriatric vulnerability screening in addition to triage urgency levels with 30‐day mortality in older ED patients.DESIGNSecondary analysis of the observational multicenter Acutely Presenting Older Patient (APOP) study.SETTINGEDs within four Dutch hospitals.PARTICIPANTSConsecutive patients, aged 70 years or older, who were prospectively included.MEASUREMENTSPatients were triaged using the Manchester Triage System (MTS). In addition, the APOP screener was used as a geriatric screening tool. The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality. Comparison was made between mortality within the geriatric high‐ and low‐risk screened patients in every urgency triage category. We calculated the difference in explained variance of mortality by adding the geriatric screener (APOP) to triage urgency (MTS) by calculating Nagelkerke R2.RESULTSWe included 2,608 patients with a median age of 79 (interquartile range = 74‐84) years, of whom 521 (20.0%) patients were categorized as high risk according to geriatric screening. Patients were triaged on urgency as standard (27.2%), urgent (58.5%), and very urgent (14.3%). In total, 132 (5.1%) patients were deceased within a period of 30 days. Within every urgency triage category, 30‐day mortality was threefold higher in geriatric high‐risk compared to low‐risk patients (overall = 11.7% vs 3.4%; P < .001). The explained variance of 30‐day mortality with triage urgency was 1.0% and increased to 6.3% by adding the geriatric screener.CONCLUSIONCombining triage urgency with geriatric screening has the potential to improve triage, which may help clinicians to deliver early appropriate care to older ED patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1755‐1762, 2020.
High‐P (P = 1.5–1.8 GPa) blueschist from Elba: Implications for underthrusting and exhumation of continental units in the Northern Apennines
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Musumeci Giovanni , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Mazzarini Francesco , Ryan Eric James , Viola Giulio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Acquadolce Subunit on the Island of Elba, Italy, records blueschist facies metamorphism related to the Oligocene–early Miocene stages of continental collision in the Northern Apennines. The blueschist facies metamorphism is represented by glaucophane‐ and lawsonite‐bearing metabasite associated with marble and calcschist. These rock types occur as lenses in a schistose complex representing foredeep deposits of early Oligocene age. Detailed petrological analyses on metabasic and metapelitic protoliths, involving mineral and bulk‐rock chemistry coupled with P–T and P–T–X(Fe2O3) pseudosection modelling using PERPLE_X, show that the Acquadolce Subunit recorded nearly isothermal exhumation from peak pressure–temperature conditions of 1.5–1.8 GPa and 320–370°C. During exhumation, peak lawsonite‐ and possibly carpholite‐ or stilpnomelane‐bearing assemblages were overprinted and partially obliterated by epidote‐blueschist and, subsequently, albite‐greenschist facies metamorphic assemblages. This study sheds new light on the tectonic evolution of Adria‐derived metamorphic units in the Northern Apennines, by showing (a) the deep underthrusting of continental crust during continental collision and (b) rapid exhumation along ‘cold’ and nearly isothermal paths, compatible with syn‐orogenic extrusion.
Development of a Gaussian Process – feature selection model to characterise (poly)dimethylsiloxane (Silastic®) membrane permeation
Authors: Sun Yi , Hewitt Mark , Wilkinson Simon C , Davey Neil , Adams Roderick G , Gullick Darren R , Moss Gary P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The current study aims to determine the effect of physicochemical descriptor selection on models of polydimethylsiloxane permeation.

Methods
A total of 2942 descriptors were calculated for a data set of 77 chemicals. Data were processed to remove redundancy, single values, imbalanced and highly correlated data, yielding 1363 relevant descriptors. For four independent test sets, feature selection methods were applied and modelled via a variety of Machine Learning methods.

Key findings
Two sets of molecular descriptors which can provide improved predictions, compared to existing models, have been identified. Best permeation predictions were found with Gaussian Process methods. The molecular descriptors describe lipophilicity, partial charge and hydrogen bonding as key determinants of PDMS permeation.

Conclusions
This study highlights important considerations in the development of relevant models and in the construction and use of the data sets used in such studies, particularly that highly correlated descriptors should be removed from data sets. Predictive models are improved by the methodology adopted in this study, notably the systematic evaluation of descriptors, rather than simply using any and all available descriptors, often based empirically on in vitro experiments. Such findings also have clear relevance to a number of other fields.
Design of enamides as new selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors
Authors: Kavully Fathima Sahla , Oh Jong Min , Dev Sanal , Kaipakasseri Swafvan , Palakkathondi Ashique , Vengamthodi Ajeesh , Abdul Azeez Rinshana Fathima , Tondo Anna Rita , Nicolotti Orazio , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To develop of new class of selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors from enamides.

Methods
Syntheses of the titled derivatives (AD1–AD11) were achieved by reacting cinnamoyl chloride and various primary and secondary amines in basic medium. All eleven compounds were investigated for in vitro inhibitory activities against recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B. The reversibilities of lead compound inhibitions were analysed by dialysis. MTT assays of lead compounds were performed using normal VERO cell lines.

Key findings
Compounds AD3 and AD9 exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.10 µm, respectively, and were followed by AD2 and AD1 (0.51 and 0.71 µm, respectively). Most of the compounds weakly inhibited MAO-A, with the exceptions AD9 and AD7, which had IC50 values of 4.21 and 5.95 µm, respectively. AD3 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value for MAO-B (&gt;363.6) and was followed by AD9 (SI 42.1). AD3 and AD9 were found to be competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.044 ± 0.0036 and 0.039 ± 0.0047 µm, respectively. Reversibility experiments showed AD3 and AD9 were reversible inhibitors of MAO-B; dialysis restored the activity of MAO-B to the reference level. MTT assays revealed AD3 and AD9 were non-toxic to normal VERO cell lines with IC50 values of 153.96 and 194.04 µg/ml, respectively. Computational studies provided hypothetical binding modes for AD3 and AD9 in the binding cavities of MAO-A and MAO-B.

Conclusions
These results encourage further studies on the enamide scaffold as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Training healthcare assistants working in adult acute inpatient wards in Psychological First Aid: An implementation and evaluation study
Authors: Kantaris Xenya , Radcliffe Michelle , Acott Kevin , Hughes Peter , Chambers Mary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhat is known on the subject

Healthcare assistants are untrained and unregistered frontline staff but are expected to be proactive in preventing and responding to ‘untoward’ incidents quickly and efficiently when working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings.

Healthcare assistants should be trained to provide enhanced care to service users residing in acute psychiatric settings. To date, a training programme in Psychological First Aid has not been expended in such a setting with nonregistered staff.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

The study demonstrates that training healthcare assistants in Psychological First Aid is useful in improving their confidence in caring for service users, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general.

What are the implications for practice

A training programme in Psychological First Aid for healthcare assistants to enhance ward culture can be implemented in different practice environments.

Psychological First Aid is harmonious with nursing values and provides healthcare assistants with a relevant, useful and easily understood toolkit to apply in acute psychiatric settings.

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare assistants working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings are untrained and unregistered, however, they can contribute to quality service if they receive some training. Psychological First Aid training has never been expended in these settings, so this study intends to fill this gap in the existing evidence with this category of healthcare personnel.AimThe aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate first aid training for healthcare assistants.MethodA pre/post design was adopted to gather data using questionnaires and interviews. The groups of participants included 16 healthcare assistants trained in Psychological First Aid, a sample of service users and four ward managers.ResultsPost‐training, (a) healthcare assistants and service users ranked the therapeutic milieu of the ward more favourably, (b) the self‐efficacy of the healthcare assistants increased, and the number of ‘untoward’ incidents decreased, and (c) health care assistants' confidence in their skills was high. The ward manager interviews post‐training revealed four themes: (a) staff utilization of new skills and renewed enthusiasm, (b) calmer atmosphere on the ward and staff togetherness, (c) confidence and reflection on practice and (d) therapeutic engagement.DiscussionTraining healthcare assistants is useful in improving staff confidence, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general.Implications for practiceTechniques and skills learnt are relevant and useful to healthcare assistants and provide an easily understood toolkit that is harmonious with nursing values. If executed correctly, the training can enhance practice and care outcomes and the overall service user experience.
Sexual size dimorphism and sexual selection in primates
Authors: Cassini Marcelo H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In most animals, females are larger than males. Paradoxically, sexual size dimorphism is biased towards males in most mammalian species. An accepted explanation is that sexual dimorphism in mammals evolved by intramale sexual selection. I tested this hypothesis in primates, by relating sexual size dimorphism to seven proxies of sexual selection intensity: operational sex ratio, mating system, intermale competition, group sex ratio, group size, maximum mating percentage (percentage of observed copulations involving the most successful male), and total paternity (a genetic estimate of the percentage of young sired by the most successful male).

I fitted phylogenetic generalised least squares models using sexual size dimorphism as the dependent variable and each of the seven measures of intensity of sexual selection as independent variables. I conducted this comparative analysis with data from 50 extant species of primates, including Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, and Gorilla spp.

Sexual dimorphism was positively related to the four measures of female monopolisation (operational sex ratio, mating system, intermale competition, and group sex ratio) and in some cases to group size, but was not associated with maximum mating percentage or total paternity. Additional regression analyses indicated that maximum mating percentage and total paternity were negatively associated with group size.

These results are predicted by reproductive skew theory: in large groups, males can lose control of the sexual behaviour of the other members of the group or can concede reproductive opportunities to others. The results are also consistent with the evolution of sexual size dimorphism before polygyny, due to the effects of natural, rather than sexual, selection. In birds, the study of molecular paternity showed that variance in male reproductive success is much higher than expected by behaviour. In mammals, recent studies have begun to show the opposite trend, i.e. that intensity of sexual selection is lower than expected by polygyny.

Results of this comparative analysis of sexual size dimorphism and sexual selection intensity in primates suggest that the use of intramale sexual selection theory to explain the evolution of polygyny and sexual dimorphism in mammals should be reviewed, and that natural selection should be considered alongside sexual selection as an evolutionary driver of sexual size dimorphism and polygyny in mammals.
Differential brain region‐specific expression of MeCP2 and BDNF in Rett Syndrome patients: a distinct grey‐white matter variation
Authors: Pejhan S. , Siu V. M. , Ang L. C. , Del Bigio M. R. , Rastegar M. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction and objectivesRett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) gene mutations. Previous studies of MeCP2 in the human brain showed variable and inconsistent mosaic‐pattern immunolabelling, which has been interpreted as a reflection of activation‐state variability. We aimed to study post mortem MeCP2 and BDNF (MeCP2 target) degradation and brain region‐specific detection in relation to RTT pathophysiology.MethodsWe investigated MeCP2 and BDNF stabilities in non‐RTT human brains by immunohistochemical labelling and compared them in three brain regions of RTT and controls.ResultsIn surgically excised samples of human hippocampus and cerebellum, MeCP2 was universally detected. There was no significantly obvious difference between males and females. However, post mortem delay in autopsy samples had substantial influence on MeCP2 detection. Immunohistochemistry studies in RTT patients showed lower MeCP2 detection in glial cells of the white matter. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was also reduced in RTT brain samples without obvious change in myelin basic protein (MBP). Neurons did not show any noticeable decrease in MeCP2 detection. BDNF immunohistochemical detection showed an astroglial/endothelial pattern without noticeable difference between RTT and controls.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that MeCP2 protein is widely expressed in mature human brain cells at all ages. However, our data points towards a possible white matter abnormality in RTT and highlights the importance of studying human RTT brain tissues in parallel with research on animal and cell models of RTT.
Sports participation and sports injuries in Dutch boys with haemophilia
Authors: Versloot Olav , Timmer Merel A. , de Kleijn Piet , Schuuring Marleen , van Koppenhagen Casper F. , van der Net Janjaap , Fischer Kathelijn 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionSports participation in children with hemophilia is generally considered to be associated with increased injury risk, which is generally considered highest in severe hemophilia.AimTo assess sports participation according to age and severity in children with hemophilia and its association with sports injuries.MethodsIn a retrospective single‐center study, sports participation, injuries, and bleeding data from three consecutive annual clinic visits were collected for young patients with hemophilia (PWH, aged 6‐18). Sports in categories 2.5 and 3 of 3 according to the National Hemophilia Foundation classification were considered high‐risk. Groups were compared using chi‐square testing.Results105 PWH (median age: 13(IQR 10‐14); 53% severe; bleeding rate: 1/y) were identified; three were unable to perform sports and were excluded. The majority of PWH (77%) played sports weekly, of which 80% high‐risk sports. Sports participation (median 3.0x/wk), and the proportion of injured PWH was similar in severe (42%) and non‐severe (33%) PWH. Sports injuries were rare (65% no injuries in 3 years, median 0/y (IQR 0‐1)). Annually, PWH did not report more injuries (15%) than age‐matched boys (28%). Sports injuries were not associated with frequency and type of sports.DiscussionThis retrospective study showed high sports participation (including high‐risk sports) and low injury rates. Sports participation was similar across severities and injury rates were not higher than among the general population. Injuries were not associated with frequency or type of sports. A prospective study with objective assessment of sports participation and injuries is warranted to confirm these findings and avoid recall bias.
AtMYB92 enhances fatty acid synthesis and suberin deposition in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: To Alexandra , Joubès Jérôme , Thueux Jean , Kazaz Sami , Lepiniec Loïc , Baud Sébastien 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYAcyl lipids are important constituents of the plant cell. Depending on the cell type, requirements in acyl lipids vary greatly, implying a tight regulation of fatty acid and lipid metabolism. The discovery of the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factors, members of the AP2‐EREBP (APETALA2‐ethylene‐responsive element binding protein) family, has emphasized the importance of transcriptional regulation for adapting the rate of acyl chain production to cell requirements. Here, we describe the identification of another activator of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, the Arabidopsis MYB92 transcription factor. This MYB and all the members of the subgroups S10 and S24 of MYB transcription factors can directly activate the promoter of BCCP2 that encodes a component of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Two adjacent MYB cis‐regulatory elements are essential for the binding and activation of the BCCP2 promoter by MYB92. Overexpression of MYB92 or WRI1 in Nicotiana benthamiana induces the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes but results in the accumulation of different types of acyl lipids. In the presence of WRI1, triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes coded by constitutively expressed genes efficiently channel the excess fatty acids toward reserve lipid accumulation. By contrast, MYB92 activates both fatty acid and suberin biosynthetic genes; hence, the remarkable increase in suberin monomers measured in leaves expressing MYB92. These results provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms that control the biosynthesis of an important cell wall‐associated acylglycerol polymer playing critical roles in plants.
High‐density genetic variation maps reveal the correlation between asymmetric interspecific introgressions and improvement of agronomic traits in Upland and Pima cotton varieties developed in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Nie Xinhui , Wen Tianwang , Shao Panxia , Tang Binghui , Nuriman‐guli Aini , Yu Yu , Du Xiongming , You Chunyuan , Lin Zhongxu 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe two new world tetraploid cottons, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, are cultivated worldwide and are characterised by a high yield and superior fibre quality, respectively. Historical genetic introgression has been reported between them; however, the existence of introgression and its genetic effects on agronomic traits remain unclear with regard to independent breeding of G. hirsutum (Upland cotton) and G. barbadense (Pima cotton) elite cultivars. We collected 159 G. hirsutum and 70 G. barbadense cultivars developed in Xinjiang, China, along with 30 semi‐wild accessions of G. hirsutum, to perform interspecific introgression tests, intraspecific selection analyses and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) with fibre quality and yield component traits in multiple environments. In total, we identified seven interspecific introgression events and 52 selective sweep loci in G. hirsutum, as well as 17 interspecific introgression events and 19 selective sweep loci in G. barbadense. Correlation tests between agronomic traits and introgressions showed that introgression loci were mutually beneficial for the improvement of fibre quality and yield traits in both species. In addition, the phenotypic effects of four interspecific introgression events could be detected by intraspecific GWAS, with Gb_INT13 significantly improving fibre yield in G. barbadense. The present study describes the landscape of genetic introgression and selection between the two species, and highlights the genetic effects of introgression among populations, which can be used for future improvement of fibre yield and quality in G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively.