bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oser inverser l’approche dans la gestion des pointes : peut-on agir sur la demande pour stabiliser l’offre ? Une réflexion préliminaire à partir du cas de Besançon
Authors: Commenges Judith , Liberge Clémence , Maulat Juliette , Perlembou Hélène , Skrzypec Audrey 
Published: November 2019

Dans un contexte de crise du financement des réseaux de transport public urbain, il est de moins en moins envisageable d’augmenter l’offre de transport pour répondre aux saturations du réseau, pourtant de plus en plus nombreuses : si la part modale des transports collectifs est stable au niveau des aires métropolitaines, celle-ci est en forte augmentation sur les flux à destination de la ville centre, où se posent les problèmes de saturation. De ce fait, le nombre de personnes présentes dans les véhicules en pointe est chaque jour plus important, aggravant les conditions de voyage de l’ensemble des navetteurs. D’où l’idée d’agir sur la demande pour l’inciter à se reporter sur les flancs de pointe, de façon à stopper une très coûteuse poursuite des hausses de fréquentation par l’offre. Une première investigation auprès d’utilisateurs a été menée à Besançon, de façon à estimer la faisabilité d’une telle démarche.
Observations et considérations sur la mobilité et les transports publics à Wrocław (Pologne)
Authors: Lugadet Jean-Bernard 
Published: November 2019

Ces observations sur un réseau de transport public en Pologne ont été développées à partir de plusieurs séjours en 2008, 2009 et 2010. Cette agglomération de 700 000 habitants paraît représentative des évolutions de l’urbanisme et de la mobilité dans un pays marqué par un régime communiste qui favorisa les modes collectifs essentiellement pour la relation travail-grand ensemble collectif et le système capitaliste se développant depuis 1989 au profit surtout du « tout automobile ». Toutefois le maintien et l’amélioration désormais accélérée d’un réseau de tramway, héritage de la période allemande où la ville s’appelait Breslau, peuvent rendre confiance aux usagers et aux défenseurs de ce mode écologique de circulation. Il est complété par un réseau d’autobus aux évolutions également intéressantes mais qui reste empêtré dans la circulation automobile faute de choix en faveur des couloirs réservés et des priorités aux carrefours. La marge de progrès évidente semble appartenir à la coordination des services urbains et régionaux mais l’évolution de ceux-ci est paralysée par la crise du chemin de fer en Pologne et la trop grande timidité en sa faveur des pouvoirs des voïvodies (régions) et des politiques de leurs dirigeants.
Deux expériences d’articulation transport-urbanisme aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Frenay Patrick 
Published: November 2019

L’articulation entre urbanisme, transports publics et modes actifs (deux roues et marche à pied) a été développée dans des contextes et à des échelles différents dans un pays qui a multiplié les urbanisations nouvelles depuis les années 1960. La compacité et l’accessibilité par les transports collectifs ont été développées après une première période durant laquelle l’expansion urbaine avait été moins contrôlée. Cet article tire les leçons de deux cas particulièrement représentatifs de cette doctrine : la reconfiguration de l’agglomération d’Amsterdam et la ville nouvelles de Houten, à proximité immédiate d’Utrecht.
Quelles innovations et quelles perspectives pour le trolleybus ?
Authors: Soulas Claude 
Published: November 2019

Depuis l’abandon de l’idée de « modes nouveaux de transport » apparue vers 1970, deux tendances importantes caractérisent l’évolution des matériels de transport collectif urbain : la diversification progressive des solutions et l’apparition de composants nouveaux applicables à différents systèmes. Ceci va de pair avec la suppression des frontières traditionnelles qui délimitaient de manière nette les systèmes. Le trolleybus n’échappe pas à ces deux tendances et son positionnement devient particulièrement délicat par rapport aux systèmes tramway et surtout par rapport aux transports collectifs routiers qui se déclinent en de multiples variantes, de telle sorte qu’il n’est plus possible de distinguer aussi clairement d’un côté l’autobus thermique (majoritairement diesel) et de l’autre le trolleybus électrique.
Intact Visuospatial Cognition in Amblyopia: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Elflein Heike M. , Schuster Alexander K. , Pitz Susanne , Hardt Jochen , Nickels Stefan , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. , Beutel Manfred E. , Blettner Maria , Lackner Karl J. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Unterrainer Josef M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To determine whether amblyopia interferes with cognitive functions requiring visuospatial processing, measured by the Tower of London (ToL) test.

Methods:
The current study was based on a sub-cohort from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study and included 1,569 participants aged 35 to 44 years. Amblyopia was defined as a visual acuity of 0.63 or worse (worse eye) in the presence of an amblyogenic factor; prevalence was 5%. There were three groups: participants with amblyopia (n = 78), participants with a visual acuity of 0.63 or worse (worse eye) without amblyopia (n = 65), and participants with a visual acuity of better than 0.63 (worse eye) (n = 1,426). Visuospatial planning ability was measured by the ToL test (touch-screen version), and the performance score ranged from 0 to 24, depending on the number of correctly solved problems. The authors used linear regression models to investigate the association between amblyopia and ToL test scores, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation of ToL test performance was 15.31 ± 3.29 in participants with a visual acuity of better than 0.63, 14.56 ± 3.76 in the amblyopic group, and 15.14 ± 3.65 in participants with a visual acuity of 0.63 or worse without amblyopia. In a linear regression model, sex, and socioeconomic status significantly predicted planning performance (
P
<.0001), whereas amblyopic status did not (
P
= .20).

Conclusions:
Amblyopia may affect visuospatial perception, but no such relationships could be found for higher cognitive functions that strongly depend on visuospatial processing. Thus, in adulthood, individuals with amblyopia are unaffected in their visuospatial cognitive abilities, as required by the ToL test.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(6):397–401.]
Severe Unusual Presentation of Fat Necrosis in Neonatal Age: A Case Report
Authors: Albokhari Shatha M. , Abu-Ouf Nouran M. 
Published: November 2019

Fat necrosis in newborns is estimated to be a rare and self-healing (limited) condition that affects full term or post term newborns in the first few weeks of life. The etiology is not clear and even then this disorder is linked with hypothermia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, gestational diabetes, neonatal hypoxia, and obstetric trauma, preeclampsia and maternal exposure to cocaine or calcium channel blockers usage at the time of pregnancy. Hypercalcemia is considered the most serious, albeit rare, complication appearing a maximum six months after skin lesions.
If You Build It, Will They Come? A Hard Lesson for Enthusiastic Medical Educators Developing a New Curriculum
Authors: Nicklas Daniel , Lane J. Lindsey , Hanson Janice L. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Primary care forms a critical part of pediatricians' practices, yet the most effective ways to teach primary care during residency are not known.

Objective
We established a new primary care curriculum based on Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy, with brief clinical content that is easily accessible and available in different formats.

Methods
We used Kern's model to create a curriculum. In 2013, we implemented weekly e-mails with links to materials on our learning management system, including moderators' curricular content, resident-developed quizzes, and podcasts. After 3 years, we evaluated the curriculum with resident focus groups, retrospective pre-/post-resident surveys, faculty feedback, a review of materials accessed, and resident attendance.

Results
From content analysis of focus groups we learned that residents found the curriculum beneficial, but it was not always possible to do the pre-work. The resident survey, with a response rate of 87% (71 of 82), showed that residents perceived improvement in 37 primary care clinical skills, with differences from 0.64 to 1.46 for scales 1–5 (P &lt; .001 for all). Faculty feedback was positive regarding curriculum organization and structure, but patient care often precluded devoting time to discussing the curriculum. In other ways, our results were disappointing: 51% of residents did not access the curriculum materials, 51% did not open their e-mails, only 37% completed any of the quizzes, and they attended a weekly conference 46% of the time.

Conclusions
Although residents accessed the curriculum less than expected, their self-assessments reflect perceptions of improvement in their clinical skills after implementation.
Effect of disdrometer type on rain drop size distribution characterisation: a new dataset for south-eastern Australia
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Pudashine Jayaram , Protat Alain , Uijlenhoet Remko , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Seed Alan , Walker Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Knowledge of the full rainfall drop size distribution (DSD) is critical for characterising liquid water precipitation for applications such as rainfall retrievals using electromagnetic signals and atmospheric model parameterisation. Southern Hemisphere temperate latitudes have a lack of DSD observations and their integrated variables. Laser-based disdrometers rely on the attenuation of a beam by falling particles and are currently the most commonly used type of instrument to observe the DSD. However, there remain questions on the accuracy and variability in the DSDs measured by co-located instruments, whether identical models, different models or from different manufacturers. In this study, raw and processed DSD observations obtained from two of the most commonly deployed laser disdrometers, namely the Parsivel1 from OTT and the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) from Thies Clima, are analysed and compared. Four co-located instruments of each type were deployed over 3 years from 2014 to 2017 in the proximity of Melbourne, a region prone to coastal rainfall in south-eastern Australia. This dataset includes a total of approximately 1.5 million recorded minutes, including over 40 000 min of quality rainfall data common to all instruments, equivalent to a cumulative amount of rainfall ranging from 1093 to 1244 mm (depending on the instrument records) for a total of 318 rainfall events. Most of the events lasted between 20 and 40 min for rainfall amounts of 0.12 to 26.0 mm. The co-located LPM sensors show very similar observations, while the co-located Parsivel1 systems show significantly different results. The LPM recorded 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more smaller droplets for drop diameters below 0.6 mm compared to the Parsivel1, with differences increasing at higher rainfall rates. The LPM integrated variables showed systematically lower values compared to the Parsivel1. Radar reflectivity–rainfall rate (ZH–R) relationships and resulting potential errors are also presented. Specific ZH–R relations for drizzle and convective rainfall are also derived based on DSD collected for each instrument type. Variability of the DSD as observed by co-located instruments of the same manufacturer had little impact on the estimated ZH–R relationships for stratiform rainfall, but differs when considering convective rainfall relations or ZH–R relations fitted to all available data. Conversely, disdrometer-derived ZH–R relations as compared to the Marshall–Palmer relation ZH=200R1.6 led to a bias in rainfall rates for reflectivities of 50 dBZ of up to 21.6 mm h−1. This study provides an open-source high-resolution dataset of co-located DSD to further explore sampling effects at the micro scale, along with rainfall microstructure.
Cognition and Visualization in Early Christian Interpretation of Psalm 23
Authors: Glowasky Michael 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The interpretation of Psalm 23 in early Christianity was remarkably uniform. Christians in the third, fourth, and fifth centuries consistently interpreted this psalm as a proclamation and description of how God, the good shepherd, guides his sheep into his flock, the church. The allusions to “water” in v. 2 and to “table” and “cup” in v. 5 came to be seen as particularly significant for the interpretation of this psalm, linking it to the Christian initiation rites of baptism and the Eucharist. This interpretation, however, is not merely the result of allegorical or figurative exegesis, as is often assumed. Rather, the uniformity across the Christian world suggests that there is a more complex process at work. Drawing on recent developments within socio-rhetorical interpretation, specifically what is known as “visual exegesis,” I argue that patristic interpretation of this psalm is the result of the convergence between scriptural, cultural, and liturgical images in the Christian imagination. By attending to the cognitive dimensions of early Christian interpretation, I suggest, we can better appreciate early Christians’ theological engagement with Scripture.
Estimation of Air Temperature and Rainfall Trends in Egypt
Authors: M. Abdel-Maksoud Bahgat 
Published: November 2019

This paper aims at estimating the trend of climate change and examining its effect on agriculture in Egypt. The study focused on the changes in air temperature and rainfall. The monthly time series data was obtained from the World Bank Group Climate Change Knowledge Portal on temperature and rainfall for the period of 1991-2015. Time series and regression analysis were applied for data analysis. Seasonal variations in air temperature and rainfall through the study period were examined. The study relied on the previous research and personal interviews with some experts in the field to know the effect of climate change on agriculture in Egypt.
Results showed fluctuations and an increase in the air temperature for all the twelve months of the study period. Seasonal variations and a decline in the rainfall were found particularly in the month of June. The future effect of these changes on the Egyptian agriculture was presented in this study. Also, adaptation and mitigation practices to climate change were described. The role of agricultural extension and the need for effective extension services to reduce the effects of this phenomenon on agriculture in Egypt was emphasized.
Garden City or Garbage City: The Case of Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Bodo Tombari 
Published: November 2019

Port Harcourt acquired the name “Garden City” for its neatness, beauty, organisation of the buildings and well constructed road networks across the entire city; but this once beautiful city has been overtaken by garbage. Hence, the objectives of this study were to find out why the solid waste management strategies employed by the Rivers State Waste Management Agency and their contractors are not working and provide best solutions in curbing the challenges militating against solid waste management of the city. Purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sample. Because of the time constraint and the wide area of coverage for this study; 10 areas consisting of 10 communities were selected based on their size, popularity and centrality. Oral interviews and field observation were the methods of data collection and the data obtained through oral interviews were analysed through simple coding, groupings, re-writing, transcribing and interpretations. The results revealed that the solid wastes generated are uncontrolled due to overcrowded settlements; an uncultured way of living of the residents; lack of the needed man-power and technology on the part of the solid waste contractors. It was also revealed that the Government do not carry out proper monitoring and uses unskilled and unqualified persons to carry out their jobs. It was concluded that to adequately clean up the city of Port Harcourt, the Government should stand up to their responsibility of keeping the city clean and sensitize the people on the need to package and dispose of their waste properly.
Effect of Problem-solving Teaching Technique on Students’ Stoichiometry Academic Performance in Senior Secondary School Chemistry in Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Etokeren, Inibehe , Ibemenji Kingdom-Aaron Gloria , Alamina J. I. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study addressed the effect of problem-solving technique on students’ academic performance in stoichiometry in Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental design specifically pre-test post-test control groups non-randomized design was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State located at the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria and lasted for four weeks.
Methodology: The population comprised of 520 senior secondary 2 chemistry students from private and public schools. 105 SS2 chemistry students representing 61 males and 44 females from intact classes of selected schools formed the sample. The instrument was Stoichiometry Achievement Test developed by the researcher and reliability coefficient calculated to be 0.79. Three research questions and three hypotheses were used in the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance at .05 level of significance.
Results: Findings of the study revealed a significant difference in performance between students taught stoichiometry using problem-solving technique (experimental) and those taught using conventional lecture method (control). Students exposed to problem-solving technique obtained higher score in performance test than those in conventional lecture method. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in students’ performance based on gender (male and female) and school type (private and public).
Conclusion: The study therefore, concludes that problem-solving technique is more effective and enhance students understanding than traditional lecture method. The study recommended that chemistry teachers should incorporate problem-solving in teaching stoichiometry and related concepts and present curriculum should be reviewed to recommend problem-solving technique.
Attitude and Academic Success in Practical Agriculture: Evidence from Public Single-Sex High School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Otekunrin Olutosin A. , Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. , Oni Leah O. 
Published: November 2019

This study examined the attitude and academic performance of public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) high school students in the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in the aspect of practical knowledge of Agriculture. We investigated whether there were significant differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in practical Agriculture in the selected schools. We also examined the relationship between their academic performance in practical agriculture and their attitude to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Six public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) schools were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan Zone comprising eleven LGAs in 2018. Sixty-nine Senior Secondary School (SSS III) students were randomly selected in Boys’ only (3) schools while ninety-seven students were randomly selected in Girls’ only (3) schools giving a total of 166 students that participated in this study. Practical Agricultural Science Students’ Achievement Test (PASSAT) and Students’ Attitude towards Practical Agriculture Questionnaire (SATPAGQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Comparison techniques and t-test for equality of means. The ANOVA test was significant (p = .00). Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) test, a multiple comparison technique on the ANOVA showed that PASSAT mean scores obtained by one Girls’ only school was significantly different from one Boys’ only schools another two Girls’ only schools’ mean scores at 5% significant level. It was found that availability of school farm, use of instructional materials were not enough to bring about significant boost in academic success in PASSAT especially in three of the schools with less than average mean scores of 34.51, 40.23 and 44.07. The study therefore recommended that government and relevant stakeholders (Parents-Teachers Association, Old Boys’ and Girls’ Association among others) should provide human resources and needed infrastructural facilities for effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in both single-sex and Co-educational schools for better academic performance.
A Review on Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ekong Mercy Okon 
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis remains the major public health concern worldwide responsible for about 1.6 million deaths and 0.3 million co-infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) annually. Mycobacterium is the causative agent of tuberculosis infection and is transmitted principally through air when an infected person coughs, talks, sneezes etc. This infection can be diagnosed using different Microbiological, Molecular and Immunological techniques including, sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture, nucleic-acid amplification test (NAAT), genotyping assay, tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRAs) etc. These techniques vary in sensitivity and specificity as well as the ease with which they are carried out. World Health Organisation (WHO) encourages the use of techniques that are sensitive, patient-friendly, and those which produce accurate results in any clinical setting world-wide. Hence, this review highlights smear microscopy and incorporation of more rapid and sensitive diagnostic techniques such as Gene Xpert, IGRAs and urinary antigen analysis in clinical setting in the detection of Mycobacterium. These techniques show high sensitivity, are less time consuming do not require a repeat for a single result, some are able to differentiate latent and active TB infections, and have the capacity to be used to screen people unable to expectorate. This review encourages the incorporation of smear microscopy, GeneXpert, IGRAs, urinary antigen analysis into routine laboratory diagnosis especially in high TB burden countries. It is believed that high level of sensitivity and less time used in producing results display by these techniques will yield reduction in mortality rate, decline in static nature of TB status and possibly zero TB 2020 proposed by WHO.
Nitrobenzene – method for the determination of nitrobenzene in workplace air using gas chromatography after thermal desorption [Air monitoring methods, 2019]
Authors: Tschickardt M. , Krämer W. , Schmitt R. , Hebisch R. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: November 2019

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of nitrobenzene [
98‐95‐3
] in workplace air in a concentration range of one tenth up to twice the currently valid OEL or MAK value of 0.51 mg/m
3
. With this method simultaneously airborne nitrobenzene in the gaseous state as well as particles are collected. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a quartz fibre filter located in the sampling head GGP‐Mini with an adsorption tube filled with Tenax TA connected downstream using a suitable pump. The flow rate is set to 0.066 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of approx. 4 litres. The collected nitrobenzene is thermally desorbed and then analysed by means of gas chromatography using two detectors, a FID for quantification and a MSD to recognise potential interferences. The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a multi‐point calibration. The limit of quantification is 0.0085 mg/m
3
based on an air sample of 4 litres.