bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GIS based approach: Objectively measured neighbourhood physical environment and walking among adults in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Weliange Shreenika De Silva , Fernando Dulitha , Withanage Shanthi , Gunatilake Jagath 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical Activity (PA) plays an important role for health. Walking is the easiest way to incorporate activity into everyday life. However, few adults achieve the recommended levels of activity. This study examined the association of the objectively measured neighbourhood physical environment with walking among the adults in Colombo, Sri Lanka through a cross sectional design. Methods : Primary data collection was carried out to assess the minutes walked, socio-demographic characteristics and geo location of residence. Secondary data was obtained to assess neighbourhood environment from existing spatially referenced data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to calculate density measures (residential density, land use, connectivity and access) and distance measures. Results: A sample consisted of 284 adults aged 29-59 years (mean age 40.6 (SD-10.9) years, Female: 56%). Adults reported a mean of 175.8 (SD214.0) minutes/week of total walking out of which, 158.4 (SD-196.6) minutes/week of walking was for transportation and 17.5 (SD-70.1) minutes/week of walking was for leisure. All residential density measures, building foot print area, length of major roads, number of intersections, number of bus stops, and distance to nearest major roads showed significant moderate degree of correlations with total walking, (p < 0.001). These results were similar with walking for transportation. Conclusion: There is indication that neighbourhood features could be associated with walking in Sri Lankan adults. Understanding the relationship between objectively measured neighbourhood physical environment attributes for walking gives insight for designing effective interventions to promote walking. Therefore, future studies in Sri Lanka, should consider a more comprehensive framework including objective and perceived measures of the built environment to evaluate the neighbourhood physical environment to promote walking.
Alveolar bone loss around mandibular anterior teeth in Class I, II, and III malocclusions: a CBCT evaluation study
Authors: Wang Zixiao , Ma Zhigui , Yang Chi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate alveolar defects of mandibular anterior alveolar bone in three different types of malocclusion with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: A total of 542 teeth from 30 skeletal class I malocclusion (mean age: 19.26±5.63), 33 class II malocclusion (mean age: 19.36±4.17), and 28 class III malocclusion (mean age: 21.47±4.53) patients were evaluated with CBCT. Sagittal sectional views were evaluated with regard to labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness and vertical alveolar bone level. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were used for statistical comparisons at P<.05 Results: Qualitative analysis: Class II (64.47%) and Class III malocclusions (58.43%) had higher prevalence of dehiscence than Class I malocclusions (32.96%),P<0.05. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of fenestration among the three groups. Quantitative analysis: In general, Class II and III groups had lesser alveolar bone volume than the Class I group. Furthermore, the vertical alveolar height and coronal alveolar bone thickness in Class II malocclusion was significantly lesser than that in the Class III group. Conclusions: The Class II group, followed by the class III group, showed the most severe alveolar bone deficiency For these patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, special care should be taken to avoid aggravated preexisting alveolar bone loss in the mandibular anterior teeth.
Challenges in laboratory diagnosis of Malaria in a low resource country among cases of acute febrile illness at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal: Comparative study on Conventional Vs Molecular approach
Authors: Dahal Pragyan , Khanal Basudha , Rai Keshav , Kattel Vivek , Yadav Satish , Bhattarai Narayan Raj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
For ongoing malaria elimination programme, available methods like microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are not able to detect all the cases of malaria in acute febrile illness. These methods are entirely dependent on the course of infection, parasite load and skilled technical resources thus the study was carried out to compare performance of microscopy and RDT which are commonly used in a low resource country along with reference to real-time PCR.
Methods
Altogether 52 blood samples collected from patients with acute febrile illness were tested by microscopy, RDT and real-time PCR. The results were compared in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
Results
The test results were as follows: 5.8% positivity by Microscopy, 13.5% positivity by RDT and 27% by real time PCR. Taking into consideration of PCR as a gold standard method microscopy showed 21.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Likewise, RDT results revealed 28.6% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity.
Conclusion
Despite of various diagnostic tools available, microscopy stills remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and RDT is the user friendly to execute the test under the tree, but our preliminary results emphasized the need to implement the test with the higher sensitivity and specificity in context of malaria elimination programme which could be another important opportunity to understand the parasite circulation in case of low endemic region. However, these results should be further verified with the large study cohort in order to document the submicroscopic infection.
The effectiveness of patient-centred medical home-based models of care versus standard primary care in chronic disease management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials
Authors: John James Rufus , Jani Hir , Peters Kath , Agho Kingsley , Tannous Kathy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Patient-centred care by a coordinated primary care team may be more effective than standard care in chronic disease management. We synthesised evidence to determine whether patient-centred medical home (PCMH)-based care models are more effective than standard general practitioner (GP) care in improving clinical, hospital, and economic outcomes.
Methods
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched to identify randomised (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials that evaluated two or more principles of PCMH among primary care patients with chronic diseases. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools, and grading of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were conducted independently. A quantitative synthesis, where possible, was pooled using random effects models and the effect size estimates of standardised mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported.
Results
Of the 13820 citations, we identified 78 eligible RCTs and 7 quasi trials which included 60617 patients. The findings suggested that PCMH-based care was associated with significant improvements in depression episodes (SMD − 0.24; 95% CI -0.35, -0.14) and increased odds of remission (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.46, 2.21). There were significant improvements in the health-related quality of life (SMD 0.10; 95% CI 0.04, 0.15); self-management outcomes (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.03, 0.44) and hospital admissions (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.70, 0.98). In terms of clinical outcomes, with exception to total cholesterol, PCMH-based care led to significant improvements in blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol outcomes. The incremental cost of PCMH care was identified to be small and significantly higher than standard care (SMD 0.17; 95% CI 0.08, 0.26). The quality of individual studies ranged from ‘fair’ to ‘good’ by meeting at least 60% of items on the quality appraisal checklist. Additionally, moderate to high heterogeneity across studies in outcomes resulted in downgrading the included studies as moderate or low grade of evidence.
Conclusion
PCMH-based care has been found to be superior to standard GP care in chronic disease management. Results of the review have important implications that may inform patient, practice, and policy-level changes.
Integrating sexual and reproductive health into health system strengthening in humanitarian settings: designing and evaluating a workshop toolkit to catalyse participatory planning to transition from minimum to comprehensive services in DR Congo, Bangladesh, and Yemen
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Greer Alison , Kini Brigitte , Abdi Hassan , Rajeh Kariman , Cortier Hilde , Boboeva Mohira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPlanning to transition from the Minimum Initial Service Package for Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) toward comprehensive SRH services has been a challenge in humanitarian settings. To bridge this gap, a workshop toolkit for SRH coordinators was designed to support effective planning. This article aims to describe the toolkit design, piloting, and final product. MethodsAnchored in the WHO Health System Building Blocks Framework, the design entailed two complementary strategies. First, a circular approach involved global partners in the initial toolkit conception. Second, a bottom-up approach engaged field stakeholders from three major humanitarian crises to participate in pilot workshops to evaluate and improve the toolkit using qualitative interviews and end-of-workshop evaluations. Pilots occurred in DR Congo for the Kasai region crisis, Bangladesh for the Rohingya humanitarian response in Cox’s Bazar, and Yemen for selected Governorates.ResultsResults suggest that the toolkit enabled facilitators to foster a systematic, participatory, interactive, and inclusive planning process among participants over a two-day workshop. The approach was reportedly effective and time-efficient in producing a joint work plan. The main planning priorities cutting across settings were healthcare workforce strengthening, such as midwifery capacity development, increasing community mobilization and engagement, focusing on adolescent SRH, and enhancing maternal and newborn health services in terms of quality, coverage, and referral pathways. Recommendations for improvement included a dedicated and adequately anticipated pre-workshop preparation to gather relevant data, encouraging participants to undertake preliminary study to equalize knowledge to partake fully in the workshop, and enlisting participants from marginalized and underserved populations. ConclusionCollaborative design and piloting efforts resulted in a workshop toolkit that could support a systematic and efficient identification of priority activities and services related to comprehensive SRH. Such priorities could help meet the SRH needs of communities emerging from acute humanitarian situations while strengthening the overall health system.
Immunogenicity of Two-Dose Booster Immunization with Conventional Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japanese Adults
Authors: Fukushima Shinji , Nakano Takashi , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Hamada Atsuo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Most Japanese adults have been vaccinated twice in childhood with the Sabin oral polio vaccine as part of routine immunization schedules. Booster vaccination is recommended for Japanese travelers to polio-endemic or high-risk countries. This study assessed the immunogenicity of a two-dose booster regimen of conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV) in Japanese adults.Methods: Healthy Japanese adults aged 20 years or older received two doses of standalone cIPV derived from virulent strains (Imovax Polio®). Serum samples were obtained before the booster vaccination and 4–6 weeks after each vaccination. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring serum neutralization titers against type 1, 2, and 3 poliovirus strains using a microneutralization assay. Results: The subjects were 61 healthy Japanese adults (26 men and 35 women) with mean ± standard deviation age of 35.8 ± 8.0 years. The seropositivity rates (i.e., percentage of subjects with anti-polio antibody titers ≥1:8 ) before booster vaccination were 88.5%, 95.1%, and 52.5% for Sabin strains (type 1, 2, and 3, respectively); 72.1%, 93.4%, and 31.1% for virulent poliovirus strains (type1: Mahoney strain; type 2: MEF-1 strain; and type 3: Saukett strain, respectively); and 93.4%, 93.4%, 93.4% and 88.5% for type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus strains (SV3128, SV3130, 11196, and 11198, respectively). After one dose of cIPV, all seropositivity rates increased to 98.4%–100.0%. After two doses of cIPV, seropositivity rates reached 100% for all strains. cIPV was well tolerated, with no safety concerns. Conclusion: Booster vaccination with standalone cIPV induced a robust immune response in Japanese adults. Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000013551. Registered 28 March 2014 - Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000015830
One-step purification and characterization of two novel Thermotolerant β-1,4-glucosidases from a newly isolated strain of Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278
Authors: Qin Yongling , Li Qiqian , Luo Fengfeng , Fu Yue , He Haiyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A newly screened cellulase-producing Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 was cultivated under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, and two new β-glucosides enzymes (BG FH1, BG FH2) from fermentation solution were recovered by modified non-denaturing active gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of BG FH1and BG FH2 was 93 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively, and the enzyme activity was 5.6 U/mg and 11.5 U/mg, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature of the enzymes was 60 ℃, and the enzymes were stable under 70 ℃. The optimal pH of the purified enzymes was 6.0, and the enzymes were stable between pH 4–10. Km and Vmax values ​​of 2.76 mg/mL, 20.6 U/mg for pNPG. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that cellobiose BG FH1and BG FH2 had hydrolysis activity and can hydrolyze cellobiose into glucose. In addition, both enzymes also exhibited transglycoside activity, which can use low molecular weight monosaccharides to synthesize cellobiose and cellotriose, and preferentially synthesize alcohol. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that F. chlamydosporum HML278 can produce heat-resistant β-glucosidase with both hydrolytic activity and transglycosidic activity, and has potential application value in bioethanol and papermaking industries.
Prevalence and Correlates of Psychological Reactions Among Jordanian Nurses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic&nbsp;
Authors: Al-Amer Rasmieh , Malak Malakeh. Z. , Aburumman Ghaida , Darwish Motasem M. , Nassar Mohammad. S. , Darwish Maram , Randal Sue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological reactions (depression, anxiety, and stress) and their correlates among Jordanian nurses. This study was conducted using an online survey from March 22, 2020, to March 27, 2020. The Arabic version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) was used. Depression, anxiety, and stress were highly prevalent among nurses (57.8%, 42.4%, and 50.1%, respectively). Those who had close contact with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient showed stronger psychological reactions than their counterparts (partial = 0.264, part = 0.254). Moreover, female gender and number of children were the main significant predictors of depression [(B = 0.176), (B = 0.232), (B = 0.255)], anxiety [(B = 0.155), (B = 0.232), (B = 0.268)], and stress [(B = 0.148), (B = 0.218), (B = 0.258)]. Hence, the mental health status of nurses should be given priority, especially those who are in contact with COVID-19 patients, female nurses, and those who have children.
Kinetic Analysis of Dominant Intraprostatic Lesion of Prostate Cancer Using Quantitative Dynamic [18F]DCFPyL-PET: Comparison to [18F]fluorocholine-PET
Authors: Yang Dae-Myoung , Li Fiona , Bauman Glenn , Chin Joseph , Pautler Stephen , Moussa Madeleine , Rachinsky Irina , Valliant John , Lee Ting-Yim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Identification of the dominant intraprostatic lesion(s) (DILs) can faciltiate diagnosis and treatment by targeting biologically significant intra-prostatic foci. [18F]DCFPyL is better than [18F]FCH in detecting and localizing DIL because of higher tumour contrast. However, the optimal imaging time for [18F]DCFPyL is in hours. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the different imaging performance of [18F]FCH and [18F]DCFPyL can be explained by their kinetic behaviour in PCa and to evaluate whether DIL can be accurately detected and localized using a short duration dynamic PET.
Methods
19 and 23 PCa patients were evaluated with dynamic [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]FCH PET, respectively. The dynamic imaging protocol with each tracer had a total imaging time of 22 min and consisted of multiple frames with acquisition times from 10–180 s. Tumour and benign tissue regions identified by sextant biopsy were compared using standardized uptake value (SUV) and tracer kinetic parameters from kinetic analysis of time-activity curves.
Results
For [18F]DCFPyL, logistic regression identified Ki and k4 as the optimal model to discriminate tumour from benign tissue (84.2% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity) while only SUV was predictive for [18F]FCH (82.6% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity) The higher k3 (binding) of [18F]FCH than [18F]DCFPyL explains why [18F]FCH SUV can differentiate tumour from benign tissue within minutes of injection. Superior [18F]DCFPyL tumour contrast was due to the higher k4/k3 (more rapid washout) in benign tissue compared to tumour tissue.
Conclusions
DIL was detected with good sensitivity and specificity using 22-min dynamic [18F]DCFPyL PET and avoids the need for delayed imaging timepoints. The dissimilar in-vivo kinetic behaviour of [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]FCH could explain their different SUV images.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04009174. Registered July 5, 2019 – retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04009174?term=NCT04009174&draw=2&rank=1
Fully Automated Radiosynthesis of [18f]lbt999on Tracerlab Fxfn and Allinonemodules, A Pet Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging the Dopamine Transporter in Human Brain
Authors: Vala Christine , Mothes Céline , Chicheri Gabrielle , Magadur Pauline , Viot Gilles , Deloye Jean-Bernard , Maia Serge , Bouvet Yann , Arlicot Nicolas , Guilloteau Denis , Emond Patrick , Vercoullie Johnny 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Fluorine labelled 8-((E)-4-fluoro-but-2-enyl)-3b-p-tolyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2b-carboxylic acid methyl ester ([18F]LBT999) is a selective radioligand for in vivoneuroimaging and quantification of the dopamine transporter by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). [18F]LBT999 has been produced on a TRACERlabFXFN for the Phase I study but forPhase III and a potent industrial production transfer, production has been also implemented on AllinOne (AIO)system requiring single use cassette. Both productions methods are reported herein. Results:Automation of [18F]LBT999radiosynthesis on FXFN was carried out in 35% yield (decay-corrected) in 65 min (n=16), with a radiochemical purity higher than 99 %and a molar activity of 158GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. The transfer on the AIO platform followed by optimizations allowed the production of [18F]LBT999 in 32.7% yield (decay-corrected) within 48 min (n=5), with a radiochemical purity better than 98% and a molar activity in average higher to 154 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. Quality controls of both methods met the specification for clinical application.Conclusion:Both modules allow efficient and reproducible radiosynthesis of [18F]LBT999 with good radiochemical yields and a reasonable synthesis time.The developments made on AIO as its ability to meet pharmaceutical criteria and to more easily comply with GMP requirements make this approach as the best for a potent industrial production of the [18F]LBT999 and a future wider use.
The Influential factors of Adherence to Physical Activity and Exercise among Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Path Analysis
Authors: Lin Beilei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia , Wang Wenna , Liu Lamei , Xu Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity and exercise (PAE) after stroke is essential, but the adherence to PAE and its influential factors is rarely studied and unclear in developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of PAE adherence, and to identify its influential factors among Chinese community-dwelling stroke survivors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, 208 stroke survivors were randomly selected from three communities (60.10% men, mean age 70.25 ± 9.08 years). Physical Activity and Exercise Adherence Scale (PAEAS) was used as a measure of compliance, knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support were measured using relevant scales. Influential factors of PAE adherence and associations between those variables were explored using multiple linear regression and path analysis.Results: The mean adherence rate was moderate (62.0%), stroke survivors tended to be more adherent to do PAE than monitoring and seeking advices (70.30% > 53.50% > 48.30%). Regression results revealed that seven factors significantly associated with PAE adherence, including knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, social support, self-care ability, community rehabilitation experience, and times since stroke (R2 = 75.10%, F = 45.593, p < 0.05). Furthermore, path analysis showed that knowledge had a significant indirect positive influence with self-efficacy as a mediator on adherence (β= 0.16, p < 0.05); while attitude and social support impacted both directly and indirectly on adherence with self-efficacy as the mediator; what’s more, self-efficacy was an important predictor that performed the strongest direct effect on community-dwelling stroke survivors’ PAE adherence (β= 0.44, p < 0.01 ). These four variables accounted for a total of 67.00% of the variance of PAE adherence among community-dwelling stroke survivors.Conclusions: Physical activity and exercise adherence of community stroke survivors is needed to be improved. Attitude and social support presented both direct and indirect impacts on PAE adherence through self-efficacy, while knowledge only exhibited an indirect influencing effect on adherence. Health care professionals should administer a more comprehensive and systematic assessment to seek to improve self-efficacy through the development of effective interventions for promoting adherence to PAE in this population.