bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inexact first-order primal–dual algorithms
Authors: Rasch Julian , Chambolle Antonin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the convergence of a recently popular class of first-order primal–dual algorithms for saddle point problems under the presence of errors in the proximal maps and gradients. We study several types of errors and show that, provided a sufficient decay of these errors, the same convergence rates as for the error-free algorithm can be established. More precisely, we prove the (optimal) $$O\left( 1/N\right)$$O1/N convergence to a saddle point in finite dimensions for the class of non-smooth problems considered in this paper, and prove a $$O\left( 1/N^2\right)$$O1/N2 or even linear $$O\left( \theta ^N\right)$$OθN convergence rate if either the primal or dual objective respectively both are strongly convex. Moreover we show that also under a slower decay of errors we can establish rates, however slower and directly depending on the decay of the errors. We demonstrate the performance and practical use of the algorithms on the example of nested algorithms and show how they can be used to split the global objective more efficiently.
Defining sustainability? Insights from a small village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dogmus Özge Can , Nielsen Jonas Ø. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe term “sustainability” is flexible as it needs to function in many different contexts and across many issues. At the same time, this flexibility makes it difficult to assess and easy to misuse. Over the last three decades, numerous sustainability assessment tools have been developed to better define the term. In this paper, we critically address these attempts and argue that the flexibility of the term is not solely problematic, but allow people to create their own sustainability imaginaries, by which we mean a society’s understanding of how environmental resources should be used. We show this through a case study, the Martin Brod village in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where, within a few years, the inhabitants changed their sustainability imaginaries in parallel with shifting external socio-economic conditions and expectations. We primarily applied qualitative research methods. Our results show that changing sustainability imaginaries was made possible due to the flexibility of the term which enabled otherwise disempowered local inhabitants to have agency. Consequently, a stricter definition of sustainability may have unintended consequences for people struggling to maintain a political voice in settings such as Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Does university have an effect on young people’s active citizenship in England?
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Hoskins Bryony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEducational attainment measured by years of education has been widely reported as leading to higher levels of political participation. The theory is that education plays an important role in a person’s civic skills and cognitive capacity that helps them understand and connect with the world of politics and be able to defend their interests (Nie et al. 1996). However, a number of studies argue that education has no effect on political engagement as educational attainment has been identified as a proxy for socioeconomic background and cognitive ability. In order to examine whether the university has an effect on young people’s intentions for active citizenship in England, hybrid cumulative logit models are used in the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study (CELS) 2009–2014 with between and within effects which help explain differences between individuals and within individuals at different time points. Control measures of previous citizenship education are also included in the analysis. We find that the university has a positive independent effect on intentions to vote, a negative effect on intentions to volunteer, but not on intentions to protest in the future for young people in England. These findings help clarify the role of higher education (HE) in developing and maintaining democracy and social cohesion.
Ion Mobilities for Heaviest Element Identification
Authors: Rickert Elisabeth , Backe Hartmut , Block Michael , Laatiaoui Mustapha , Lauth Werner , Raeder Sebastian , Schneider Jonas , Schneider Fabian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRelativistic effects strongly influence the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest elements, which can significantly differ from the periodicity predicted by the periodic table of elements. Former systematic mobility measurements on monoatomic lanthanide ions revealed the dependence of ion-atom interactions on the underlying electronic configuration and helped in studying the aforementioned effects. Presently, the measurements are being extended to the actinides, where larger deviations from periodicity are expected. Our studies will cover ion mobilities of several actinide elements under different conditions of electric fields, buffer-gas pressures and temperatures, which will constitute benchmark data for state-of-the-art ab initio calculations.
Breaking the explanatory circle
Authors: Hicks Michael Townsen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHumeans are often accused of positing laws which fail to explain or are involved in explanatory circularity. Here, I will argue that these arguments are confused, but not because of anything to do with Humeanism: rather, they rest on false assumptions about causal explanation. I’ll show how these arguments can be neatly sidestepped if one takes on two plausible commitments which are motivated independently of Humeanism: first, that laws don’t directly feature in scientific explanation (a view defended recently by Ruben in R Inst Philos Suppl 27:95–117, 1990, 10.1017/S1358246100005063 and Skow in Reasons why, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) and second, the view that explanation is contrastive. After outlining and motivating these views, I show how they bear on explanation-based arguments against Humeanism.
Semitic inscriptions in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod: a reply to alternative interpretations
Authors: Gippius Alexey A. , Gzella Holger , Mikheev Savva M. , Schaeken Jos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present article, we offer a detailed reply to alternative interpretations of our explanation of two eleventh-century phrases inscribed many times on the walls of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod:коуни рониandпарехъ мари. According to our previous article in this journal, the phrases have a Semitic origin: Hebrewqūmī ronnīand Syriac /barren̲k mār/, respectively. In both instances new empirical evidence is provided by S. Ju. Temčin. In the case ofкоуни рониwe argue that his alternative hypothesis cannot be maintained for a number of compelling reasons; our interpretation stands as it is. In the case ofпарехъ мариwe basically agree with Temčin and provide evidence that sheds further light on its path of transmission into Slavic.
25C-NBOMe short characterisation
Authors: Kamińska Katarzyna , Świt Paweł , Malek Kamilla 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
N-Methoxybenzyls, a group of toxic phenylethylamine derivatives of the 2C family compounds, are a new class of potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens with potential harmful effects. This study summarizes current state of knowledge of one of the most dangerous representative of this group—N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine (25C-NBOMe). Due to hallucinogenic properties similar to those observe after lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) usage (altered thoughts, feelings, and awareness of one’s surroundings), this compound is very attractive to hallucinogenic substances users.

Methods
An exhaustive literature search was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar and other biomedical data bases without limiting period, to identify relevant articles.

Results
Despite frequent recreational use, knowledge about the 25C-NBOMe action and toxic and fatal consequences is still very limited. Most data on this drug come from clinical reports, from cases of acute fatal and non-fatal intoxications. Some animal and in vitro studies indicated a route of metabolism of the drug in the body. The drug and its metabolites were also detected in human blood and urine using combinations of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection.

Conclusions
Overall, findings show that 25C-NBOMe is a powerful hallucinogen. Easy online availability, low prize and the lack of knowledge of 25C-NBOMe makes this substance potentially very dangerous to its users. Thus, further investigation on the mechanism of action, chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties is needed to evaluate 25C-NBOMe potential harmful effects.
Heterogeneous Nucleation of Eutectic Structure in Al-Mg-Si Alloys
Authors: Que Zhongping , Wang Yun , Fan Zhongyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The microstructure of Al-5Mg-2Si-0.4Mn-0.7Fe alloy solidified at different conditions were examined. Different kinds of eutectic structures such as (Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 + α-Al), (Mg2Si + α-Al) and (FIMCs + Mg2Si + α-Al) were selected due to the different primary phases formation. The phase relationships between the phases within the eutectic structures, and the phase relationships between the primary phases and the eutectic leading phases were investigated. A well-defined orientation relationship (OR) between α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 and Mg2Si was examined.
Spatial monopoly pricing under non-constant marginal costs
Authors: Graubner Marten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe firm’s price policy decision is a central issue in spatial economics. Previous results show, e.g., that the specification of consumers’ demand functions is pivotal but mostly mill and uniform pricing are compared in a monopoly setting with constant marginal costs. The results in this paper highlight that some conclusions of prior work do not hold if the monopolist operates under non-constant marginal production costs. For instance, the optimal price is no longer independent of transport costs, and the welfare ranking of mill and uniform pricing also depends on the shape of the cost function.
A review on railway delay management
Authors: König Eva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPassengers traveling by train may need to change trains on their route. If the focal train of a passenger is late, the passenger might miss his connection and has to decide how to continue his trip. Delay management addresses the question whether the connecting train should wait (or not) for the delayed passengers. If the connecting train waits, delays would get transferred through the network. In literature, several works consider delays and their impact on railways and how to reschedule disturbed plans. We focus on works, aiming to minimize passenger inconvenience as it is done in delay management. In the last two decades, dozens of works considering the delay management problem have emerged, tackling the problem in different ways. In this paper, an overview on the existing literature is given, and a new classification is introduced. We provide a taxonomy scheme for railway problems at an operational level and show how the field of delay management fits to other parts of the planning process. Moreover, limitations of the delay management approaches are discussed and future research opportunities are suggested.
Thermal disinfection of hospital wastewater in a pilot-scale continuous-flow system
Authors: Śmiech K. M. , Kovács T. , Wildschut R. F. , Criado Monleon A. J. , de Vries-Onclin B. , Bowen J. G. , Agostinho L. L. F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermal disinfection is probably the oldest water treatment method ever used. Similarly to other disinfection processes, it targets the inactivation of pathogenic (micro)organisms present in water, wastewater and other media. In this work, a pilot-scale continuous-flow thermal disinfection system was investigated using highly contaminated hospital wastewater as influent without any pre-treatment step for turbidity removal. The results proved that the tested system can be used with influent turbidity as high as 100 NTU and still provide up to log 8 microbial inactivation. Further results have shown energy consumption comparable to other commercially available thermal disinfection systems and relatively low influence on the investigated physical–chemical parameters.
Longitudinal resident coaching in the outpatient setting: A&nbsp;novel intervention to improve ambulatory consultation skills
Authors: Graddy Ryan , Reynolds Stasia S. , Wright Scott M. 
Published: March 2020

Background Direct observation with feedback to learners should be a mainstay in resident education, yet it is infrequently done and its impact on consultation skills has rarely been assessed.
Approach This project presents the framework and implementation of a longitudinal low-frequency, high-intensity direct observation and coaching intervention, and elaborates on insights learned. Internal medicine interns at one residency training program were randomized to an ambulatory coaching intervention or usual precepting. Over one year, coached interns had three complete primary care visits directly observed by a faculty clinician-coach who provided feedback informed by a behavior checklist. Immediately after each of the coached patient encounters, interns completed a structured self-assessment and coaches led a 30-minute feedback session informed by intern self-reflection and checklist items. Interns with usual precepting had two mini-CEX observations over the course of the year without other formal direct observation in the ambulatory setting.
Evaluation As part of the post-intervention assessment, senior faculty members blinded to intervention and control group assignments evaluated videotaped encounters. Coached interns completed an average of 21/23 behaviors from the checklist, while interns from the control group completed 18 (p < 0.05). The median overall grade for coached interns was B+, compared to B−/C+ for controls (p < 0.05).
Reflection Coaching interns longitudinally using a behavior checklist is feasible and associated with improved consultation performance. Direct observation of complete clinical encounters followed by systematic coaching is educationally valuable, but time and resource intensive.
The travel blogger as digital nomad: (Re-)imagining workplace performances of digital nomadism within travel blogging work
Authors: Willment Nina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThrough analysis of empirical fieldwork conducted with British travel bloggers, this paper details a novel and significant investigation into the nuances of self-presentation and performances inherent in travel blogging work, through the lens of digital nomadism. Working with Goffman’s (The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin, London, 1959) ideas of front and back regionalisation, the paper explores the distinct ways in which digital nomadism is performed by the travel blogger. Firstly, the paper highlights how performances of digital nomadism are integral to the successful self-presentation of the travel blogger as an aspirational worker. Next, it showcases how travel bloggers use performances of digital nomadism in the strategic complication of the front and back-stage of their work, in order to demonstrate authenticity to their audience. The paper then considers how travel bloggers undertake performances of digital nomadism, explicitly within the front-stage to aid in their overall impression management of being a travel blogger. Subsequently, the paper turns to discussions of how technology becomes utilised in performances of digital nomadism which flow across the travel blogger’s front and back-stage. Finally, the paper reviews how, through performances of digital nomadism, the travel blogger appropriates their own back-stage leading to issues of overwork and precarity. The paper’s original contribution lies in its use of the lens of digital nomadism to enable us to explore and reimagine the workplace performances of travel bloggers. In doing so, the paper is able to speculate on the nuances and motivations implicit in these performances, digging deeper into issues of online self-presentation, authenticity and place.
Comparative Modeling of Ions and Solvent Properties in Ca-Na Montmorillonite by Atomistic Simulations and Fluid Density Functional Theory
Authors: Yang Guomin , Prasianakis Nikolaos I. , Churakov Sergey V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide an accurate description of the mineral–fluid interface from the perspective of the atomistic level taking into account all atom interactions. This simulation approach is computationally expensive if applied to large molecular systems. Classical Fluid Density Functional Theory (f-DFT) delivers structural and thermodynamic information at comparatively small computational costs. Numerous applications of f-DFT for electrolytes neglect an explicit consideration of solvent. In this work, an unrestricted three-component model (3CM) of f-DFT was applied, which incorporates Lennard-Jones (LJ) attractions for the description of the short-range interactions of fluid–fluid and fluid–wall rather than the hard sphere repulsions, named DFT/LJ-3CM. The DFT/LJ-3CM model considers ions as charged LJ particles and treats solvent molecules as neutral LJ particles. To validate the performance of the DFT/LJ-3CM, the f-DFT calculations were compared with atomistic simulations for montmorillonite (Mnt) with various hydrated states in electrolyte solutions. This benchmarking was used to assess critically the advantages and limitations of the f-DFT model. The calibrated DFT/LJ-3CM model for Na and Ca Mnt was applied to calculate cation selectivity for the ion exchange equilibrium with effective ion radius and swelling behavior of Mnt. The predictions of the DFT/LJ-3CM model were found to be in good agreement with the atomistic simulations and experimental data under a wide range of conditions. At the same time, the DFT calculations were 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than conventional MD simulations. Thus, the DFT/LJ-3CM model can be a computationally effective alternative to atomistic simulation in providing structural and thermodynamic properties of fluid–clay mineral interfaces. The DFT/LJ-3CM model provides a robust approach, which can be used for upscaling in reactive transport simulators and modeling ion migration taking place under more complex thermo-chemo-hydro-mechanical conditions.
Data protection by design: Building the foundations of trustworthy data sharing
Authors: Stalla-Bourdillon Sophie , Thuermer Gefion , Walker Johanna , Carmichael Laura , Simperl Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractData trusts have been conceived as a mechanism to enable the sharing of data across entities where other formats, such as open data or commercial agreements, are not appropriate, and make data sharing both easier and more scalable. By our definition, a data trust is a legal, technical, and organizational structure for enabling the sharing of data for a variety of purposes. The concept of the “data trust” requires further disambiguation from other facilitating structures such as data collaboratives. Irrespective of the terminology used, attempting to create trust in order to facilitate data sharing, and create benefit to individuals, groups of individuals, or society at large, requires at a minimum a process-based mechanism, that is, a workflow that should have a trustworthiness-by-design approach at its core. Data protection by design should be a key component of such an approach.
Roadblocks to Infection Prevention Efforts in Health Care: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Response
Authors: Popescu Saskia 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe outbreak of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is challenging international public health and health care efforts. As hospitals work to acquire enough personal protective equipment and brace for potential cases, the role of infection prevention efforts and programs has become increasingly important. Lessons from the 2003 SARS-CoV outbreak in Toronto and 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea have unveiled the critical role that hospitals play in outbreaks, especially of novel coronaviruses. Their ability to amplify the spread of disease can rapidly fuel transmission of the disease, and often those failures in infection prevention and general hospital practices contribute to such events. While efforts to enhance infection prevention measures and hospital readiness are underway in the United States, it is important to understand why these programs were not able to maintain continued, sustainable levels of readiness. History has shown that infection prevention programs are primarily responsible for preparing hospitals and responding to biological events but face understaffing and focused efforts defined by administrators. The current US health care system, though, is built upon a series of priorities that often view biopreparedness as a costly endeavor. Awareness of these competing priorities and the challenges that infection prevention programs face when working to maintain biopreparedness is critical in adequately addressing this critical infrastructure in the face of an international outbreak.
Screencast-Delivered Professional Development Targeting Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Beginning-of-the-Year Classroom Management Practices
Authors: Garwood Justin D. , Harris Alene H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClassroom management remains one of the greatest challenges for teachers. In this study, with 52 general and special education teachers, we examined the effectiveness of a screencast-delivered professional development program focused on classroom management practices in the first 3 days of school. Results suggest that after participating in the program, teachers report a positive change to the start of their school year across 12 different areas. Further, teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy increased significantly after completing the program, and there was a significant correlation (r = .41) between increases in classroom management self-efficacy and rate of implementation of new practices. Implications for practitioners and future directions for research are included.
All finite transitive graphs admit a self-adjoint free semigroupoid algebra
Authors: Dor-On Adam , Linden Christopher 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we show that every non-cycle finite transitive directed graph has a Cuntz–Krieger family whose WOT-closed algebra is $B(\mathcal {H})$. This is accomplished through a new construction that reduces this problem to in-degree 2-regular graphs, which is then treated by applying the periodic Road Colouring Theorem of Béal and Perrin. As a consequence we show that finite disjoint unions of finite transitive directed graphs are exactly those finite graphs which admit self-adjoint free semigroupoid algebras.
Globally subanalytic CMC surfaces in ℝ3 with singularities
Authors: Sampaio José Edson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a classification of a class of globally subanalytic CMC surfaces in ℝ3 that generalizes the recent classification made by Barbosa and do Carmo in 2016. We show that a globally subanalytic CMC surface in ℝ3 with isolated singularities and a suitable condition of local connectedness is a plane or a finite union of round spheres and right circular cylinders touching at the singularities. As a consequence, we obtain that a globally subanalytic CMC surface in ℝ3 that is a topological manifold does not have isolated singularities. It is also proved that a connected closed globally subanalytic CMC surface in ℝ3 with isolated singularities which is locally Lipschitz normally embedded needs to be a plane or a round sphere or a right circular cylinder. A result in the case of non-isolated singularities is also presented. It also presented some results on regularity of semialgebraic sets and, in particular, it proved a real version of Mumford's Theorem on regularity of normal complex analytic surfaces and a result about C1 regularity of minimal varieties.