bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population structure and geographic segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Hu Suhui , Zhao Wentao , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Longxian , Kvac Martin , Xiao Lihua , Feng Yaoyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen worldwide. Extensive genetic diversity and complex population structures exist in C. parvum in different geographic regions and hosts. Unlike the IIa subtype family, which is responsible for most zoonotic C. parvum infections in industrialized countries, IId is identified as the dominant subtype family in farm animals, rodents, and humans in China. Thus far, the population genetic characteristics of IId subtypes in calves in China are not clear. Methods: In the present study, 46 C. parvum isolates from dairy and beef cattle in six provinces and regions, China were characterized using sequence analysis of eight genetic loci, including msc6-7 , rpgr , msc6-5 , dz-hrgp , chom3t , hsp70 , mucin1 , and gp60 . They belonged to three IId subtypes in the gp60 gene, including IIdA20G1 (n = 17), IIdA19G1 (n = 24) and IIdA15G1 (n = 5). The data generated were analyzed for population genetic structures of C. parvum using DnaSP and LIAN, and subpopulation structures using STRUCTURE, RAxML, Arlequin, GENALEX and Network. Results: Seventeen multilocus genotypes were identified. The results of linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated the presence of an epidemic genetic structure in the C. parvum IId population. When isolates of various geographical areas were treated as individual subpopulations, maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny, pairwise genetic distance analysis, sub-structure analysis, principal component analysis and network analysis all provided evidence for geographic segregation of subpopulations in Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Xinjiang. In contrast, isolates from Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu were genetically like each other. Conclusions: Data from the multilocus analysis have revealed a much higher genetic diversity of C. parvum than gp60 sequence analysis. Despite an epidemic population structure, there is apparent geographic segregation in C. parvum subpopulations within China.
An Implementation History of Primary Health Care Transformation: Alberta’s Primary Care Networks and the People, Time and Culture of change
Authors: Leslie Myles , Khayatzadeh-Mahani Akram , Birdsell Judy , Forest PG , Henderson Rita , Gray Robin Patricia , Schraeder Kyleigh , Seidel Judy , Zwicker Jennifer , Green Lee A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary care, and its transformation into Primary Health Care (PHC), hasbecome an area of intense policy interest around the world. As part of this trendAlberta, Canada, has implemented Primary Care Networks (PCNs). These aredecentralized organizations, mandated with supporting the delivery of PHC, fundedthrough capitation, and operating as partnerships between the province’s healthcareadministration system and family physicians. This paper provides an implementationhistory of the PCNs, giving a detailed account of how people, time, and culturehave interacted to implement bottom up, incremental change in a predominantly Fee-For-Service (FFS) environment.Methods: Our implementation history is built out of an analysis of policy documentsand qualitative interviews. We conducted an interpretive analysis of relevant policydocuments (n=20) published since the first PCN was established. We then grounded12 semi-structured interviews in that initial policy analysis. These interviews explored11 key stakeholders’ perceptions of PHC transformation in Alberta generally, and theformation and evolution of the PCNs specifically. The data from the policy review andthe interviews were coded inductively, with participants checking our emerginganalyses.Results: Over time, the PCNs have shifted from an initial Frontier Era thatemphasized local solutions to local problems and featured few rules, to a present Eraof Accountability that features central demands for standardized measures,governance, and co-planning with other elements of the health system. A core groupof people – clinician and administration leaders – emerged to create the PCNs and,over time , to develop a long-term Quality Improvement (QI) vision and governanceplan for them as organizations. The continuing willingness of both these groups towork at understanding and aligning one another’s cultures to achieve thetransformation towards PHC has been central to the PCNs’ survival and success.Conclusions: Generalizable lessons from the implementation history of this emergingpolicy experiment include: The need for flexibility within a broad commitment toimproving quality. The importance of time for individuals and organizations to learnabout: quality improvement; one another’s cultures; and how best to support thetransformation of a system while delivering care locally.
A video protocol for rapid dissection of mouse dorsal root ganglia from defined spinal levels
Authors: Sleigh James Nicholas , West Steven J , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are heterogeneous assemblies of assorted sensory neuron cell bodies found in bilateral pairs at every level of the spinal column. Pseudounipolar afferent neurons convert external stimuli from the environment into electrical signals that are retrogradely transmitted to the spinal cord dorsal horn. To do this, they extend single axons from their DRG-resident somas that then bifurcate and project both centrally and distally. DRG can be dissected from mice at embryonic stages and any age post-natally, and have been extensively used to study sensory neuron development and function, response to injury, and pathological processes in acquired and genetic diseases. We have previously published a step-by-step dissection method for the rapid isolation of post-natal mouse DRG. Here, the objective is to extend the protocol by providing training videos that showcase the dissection in fine detail and permit the extraction of ganglia from defined spinal levels. Results: By following this method, the reader will be able to swiftly and accurately isolate specific lumbar, thoracic, and cervical DRG from mice. Dissected ganglia can then be used for RNA/protein analyses, subjected to immunohistochemical examination, and cultured as explants or dissociated primary neurons, for in-depth investigations of sensory neuron biology.
The High Expression of CD276/HAVCR2 and CD163 is an Adverse Immune Subtype of Glioblastoma and is Closely Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Hou Xiaohong , Zhou Guiyin , Fan Yinchun , Zhang Qiang , Xiang Chengming , Cao Fang , Yao Shengtao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors that can afflict the central nervous system. Previous studies have observed that there are individual differences in the treatment response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma. This study’s aim is to ascertain the factors that may affect the efficacy of immunosuppressant therapy.

Methods

The clinical data of this study were obtained from a public database. Then, the data was analyzed and processed by R software and corresponding R package. To verify the results of the analysis, information was gathered from 89 GBM patients in our hospital and thereafter the corresponding paraffin sections were stained and quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

From the analysis, it was observed that both CD276 and HAVCR2 were significantly overexpressed in GBM and could be associated with patient prognosis. The analysis of single cell RNA sequencing data and GBM data analysis found an immune subtype with poor prognosis. Further analysis found that the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 was closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and could affect the patient prognosis of PD-L1 high expression. GSVA enrichment analysis showed that CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 might induce EMT by JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, and RUNX1 and IKZF1 might be transcription factors that regulate CD276/HAVCR2 high expression.

Conclusions

We found an immune subtype with poor prognosis of GBM, the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 with EMT are closely related and may be one of the factors affecting the efficacy of Anti-PD-L1.
A novel method for 3D face symmetry reference plane based on Weighted Procrustes Analysis algorithm
Authors: Yujia Zhu , Zheng Shengwen , Yang Guosheng , Fu Xiangling , Zhao Yijiao , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to establish a novel method based on Weighted Procrustes Analysis (WPA) algorithm that assigns weight to facial anatomical landmarks to automatically construct a three-dimensional facial Symmetry Reference Plane (SRP) for mandibular deviation patients.
Methods
Three-dimensional facial SRPs were extracted independently from 15 mandibular deviation patients, using both our WPA algorithm and the standard PA algorithm. A reference plane defined from professional experience served as the ground truth. To test whether the WPA SRP or the PA SRP was closer to the ground truth, we measured the position error of mirrored landmarks, the facial asymmetry index (FAI) error, and the angle error for the global face and for each facial third partitions.
Results
The average angle error between the WPA SRP and the ground truth was 1.66 ± 0.81°, which was smaller than that between the PA SRP and the ground truth. The position error of mirrored landmarks constructed using the WPA algorithm in the global face (3.64 ± 1.53 mm) and each facial partition was lower than the error of those constructed using the PA algorithm. The average FAI error of the WPA SRP was − 7.77 ± 17.02 mm, which was smaller than that of the PA SRP.
Conclusions
This novel automatic algorithm based on weighted anatomic landmarks provided a more adaptable SRP than the standard PA algorithm when applied to severe mandibular deviation patients and better simulated the diagnosis strategy of clinical experts.
Pancreatic Cancer With Ovarian Metastasis: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zhou Xingtong , Cao Hongtao , Zhao Banbo , Zheng Zhibo , Qin Cheng , Li Tianhao , Liu Xudong , Wang Weibin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer with ovarian metastasis.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with ovarian metastases of primary pancreatic cancer who were admitted to our hospital from 01/01/1985 to 04/01/2020.Results: In total, there were 3757 female pancreatic-cancer patients. 9 of them were diagnosed with ovarian metastasis at an average age of 51.89 (38-69) years. The reason for the patients’ visit was generally a mass in the lower abdomen and/or abdominal pain. 7 patients had significantly higher serum CA19-9 levels. 8 patients had pancreatic tumors located in the body or tail; 1 patient, in the pancreatic head. All patients underwent excision of ovarian tumors and resection or biopsy of pancreatic tumors. 6 patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 2 had pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma (PCC), and 1 had pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC), all revealed by the pathological results. Ovarian tumors were assessed by pathology and were consistent with pancreatic metastasis. Currently, 2 patients are still alive (followed until 04/2020). The median survival time for all patients was 7 months (2.9-22 months).Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer with ovarian metastases is rare and easily misdiagnosed. When ovarian tumors are suspected to be metastatic, elevated serum CA19-9 may indicate that the primary cancer is pancreatic. Enhanced CT can facilitate diagnostic localization. In addition, if the pancreatic tumor cannot be removed, the ovarian tumor should still be resected to reduce the tumor load and improve quality of life.
Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: The Need for Equal Attention of Intervention
Authors: Ambelu Argaw , Birhanu Zewdie , Yitayih Yimenu , Kebede Yohannes , Mecha Mohammed , Abafita Jemal , Belay Ashenafi , Fufa Diriba 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led individuals to suffer from different levels of mental health problems such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, denial, panic, and fear. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among the Ethiopian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed through an online survey using different online platforms. The questionnaire was created through Google Form and the survey link was administered by e-mail,LinkedIn,Telegram, and Facebook. Educated Ethiopian population who have access to the internet were invited to participate through an online survey and addressed to 929respondents. The psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 10 item tool to measure psychological distress. Data were analyzed using SPSS andlogistic regression to examine mutually adjusted associations, expressed as adjusted odds ratios.A generalized additive model was also employed to identify additional predictors using R.Results:The prevalence of high psychological distress among the study population was 236(25.5%). Of all respondents, 421(45.1%) had low psychological distress, 274(29.4%) had moderate psychological distress, 164 (17.6%) had high psychological distress, and 72 (7.3%) had very high psychological distress.Psychological distress increased with being at young and middle-aged adults, getting information from social media, and not correctlypracticing infection prevention and control measures to prevent COVID-19 infection. Respondents with high perceived severity had increased psychological distress. On the contrary, those with the highest score of perceived response efficacy had low distress.Conclusion:Prevalence of psychological distress was substantial. Intervention of psychological distress is critically essential. The intervention target groupsare those whose information sourcesare from social media, young and middle-aged adults, and those who do not properly practice infection prevention and control measures to COVID-19 infection.
End-stage knee osteoarthritis with and without sarcopenia – and the effect of knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ho Kevin Ki-Wai , Lau Lawrence Chun-Man , Chau Wai Wang , Poon Queena , Chung Kwong-Yin , Wong Ronald Man-Yeung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Sarcopenia often accompanies osteoarthritis but the relationship between them is still unclear and no strong consensus can be reached. Previous studies revealed that OA in the hip or knee is associated with declines in muscle mass and strength. This study aims to examine the status of sarcopenia in individuals with symptomatic end-stage OA of the knee, the effect of this condition on their peri-operative TKA rehabilitation and functional outcome. Methods This prospective study was conducted between 2015 to 2018 at our hospital. Patients with end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee on queue for total knee arthroplasty were recruited into the study. Primary outcome measures were DEXA in lean muscle mass, muscle strength, knee motion and function. Secondary outcomes measures were Quality of Life (QOL) measurements in pain, psychological and physical health. Results Fifty-eight patients were recruited, of which 79.3% were female and 32.8% already had sarcopenia at baseline. The average age of sarcopenic subjects and non-sarcopenic subjects were comparable (67.89±7.07 vs. 67.92±6.85; p=0.99) but sarcopenic subjects tend to have lower BMI (25.64±2.64 vs. 28.57±4.04; p=0.01). There was a statistically significant improvement in walking speed and range of movement in both sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients after TKA (p<0.01). This was accompanied by an improvement trend in muscle mass in all subjects. A sarcopenic female that were overweight or obese had statistically significant improvement in both Appendage Lean Mass Index and Lean Mass Index after total knee arthroplasties in 12 months (p=0.04). There was no change in handgrip power before and after TKA and subsequent follow-up (p=0.97). Quality of life measured with WOMAC, SF12v2 and IPAQ revealed progressive significant improvement (p≤0.01). Further analysis at the IPAQ also found increased engagement of high-intensity activities. Conclusions To conclude, our study showed that sarcopenia among patients with end-stage OA of the knee is not uncommon. The mechanical mal-alignment and degenerative process in OA of the knee can be corrected with TKA. However, the rehabilitation and recovery in the elderly population may never fully recover. Further studies focusing on this group of patient and employment of multimodal therapy with a supervised exercise program is warranted.
Characteristics of Esophagus Flora in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Central China
Authors: He Shuixiang , Liu Xiao-bo , Gao Zi-ye , Jin Shu , Pandey Sandeep , Gao Bo , Tong Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Microecology may be involved in tumorigenesis and development through the introduction of chronic inflammation and may be related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study was to observe the characteristics of ESCC flora and to preliminarily analyze the key genera in ESCC. A total of 72 ESCC patients and 20 healthy individuals esophageal tissue samples, genomic DNA was extracted, PCR was performed on the bacterial 16SrRNA gene sequence V4 hypervariable region, and bacterial characteristics were analyzed by IlluminMiSeq sequencing. The esophageal flora abundance of ESCC patients (Alpha diversity: Shannon index, P = 0.5088; Simpson index, P = 0.5894; Chao1 index, P = 0.0029) and variability (Beta diversity: PC1 16.62%, P PC1 = 0.0034, P PC2 =8.5e-08) were significantly higher than HC tissue. The five most abundant phylum in ESCC group were Firmicutes, Bacteroidietes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria, while the HC group were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidietes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. The top five genus in the ESCC group were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Veillonella; while the top five genus in the HC group were Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Prevotella and Haemophilus. The ESCC group has advantages over HC in Aerobic、Anaerobic、Contains-Mobile-Elements、Facultatively-Anaerobic、Forms-Biofilms、Potentially-pathogenic、Stress-Tolerant, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The esophageal microbial community structure of ESCC patients is different from that of HC, suggesting that the corresponding changes in esophageal microflora have a certain correlation with ESCC. It indicates that the detection of esophageal microorganisms has potential as a means of early diagnosis or screening of future ESCC.
Graphene-Modified CePO4 Nanorods Effectively Treat Breast Cancer-induced Bone Metastases and Regulate Macrophage Polarization to Improve Osteo-Inductive Ability
Authors: Ge Yuwei , Liu Xiao-Liang , Yu De-gang , Zhu Zhen-An , Ke Qin-Fei , Mao Yuan-Qing , Guo Ya-Ping , Zhang Jing-Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer bone metastasis has become one of the most common complications; however, it may cause cancer recurrence and bone nonunion and local bone defects.Methods: Herein, In vitro, we verified the effect of bioscaffold materials on cell proliferation and apoptosis through CCK8 experiment, staining of living dead cells, and flow cytometry. We used immunofluorescence technology and flow cytometry to verified whether bioscaffold materials regulated the polarization of macrophages, and we use ALP staining, alizarin red staining and PCR to verify whether the bioscaffold material promotes bone regeneration. In vivo, we once again studied the effect of bioscaffold materials on tumors by measuring tumor volume in mice, Tunel staining, and caspase-3 immunofluorescence. We also constructed a mouse skull ultimate defect model to verify the effect on bone regeneration.Results: Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, hydrated CePO4 nanorods and bioactive chitosan (CS) are combined to form a bioactive multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffolds, which has the following characteristics such as photothermal therapy to kill tumors, macrophage polarization promotes blood vessel formation and induces bone formation. The CePO4/CS/GO scaffold activates the caspase-3 proteasein local tumor cells, thereby lysing DNA between nucleosomes and causing apoptosis. On the one hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions promote the M2 polarization of macrophages, which secretes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Arginase-1 (Arg-1), which promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions also activated BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway that facilitated bone tissue regeneration.Conclusion: the multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffolds may become a promising platform for therapy of breast cancer bone metastases.
Determination of the Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Risk Factors Among Postpartum Patients at a Tertiary Government Urban Hospital Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Santiago Maria Carmina Lorenzana , Habana Maria Antonia Esteban 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 10-15% of deliveries worldwide. Unfortunately there is a dearth of local studies on its exact prevalence.

Method
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for PPD among postpartum patients at a tertiary government hospital using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F), a 10-point questionnaire translated into Filipino and previously validated. Four hundred patients within 8 weeks postpartum were recruited and their EPDS-F scores and sociodemographic, medical and personal history, and delivery and perinatal outcome data were obtained.

Results
The overall prevalence of PPD was 14.5%, which is within the known worldwide prevalence. Among those that had family incomes below PhP10,000, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 68.8%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 48.8% (significant at p=0.001). Among those that finished below tertiary education, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 81%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 59.9% (significant at p=0.002). Among those who delivered vaginally, 62.1% had high EPDS-F scores vs 44.2% low EPDS-F (p=0.03). Of those that had epidural anesthesia (106 or 26.5%), 44.8% had high EPDS scores and 26.0% had low EPDS-F scores (p=0.04). Regression analysis showed that having an abdominal delivery is correlated with a lower EPDS-F score by 0.87% by logistic regression and 0.46 % by probit regression. Having a higher educational attainment and monthly income are associated with a lower EPDS-F score by regression analysis.

Conclusions
The prevalence may be skewed because a tertiary government institution caters to delicate pregnancies and those in low socioeconomic brackets. It may be worthwhile to compare responses from a public versus a private institution, also urban versus rural areas. It would be interesting also to evaluate the mode of delivery variable and how exactly it correlates with the development of postpartum depression.