bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does dispositional mindfulness buffer the links of stressful life experiences with adolescent adjustment and sleep?
Authors: Lucas‐Thompson Rachel Graham , Seiter Natasha Sierra , Miller Reagan Lee , Crain Tori Laurelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to the mindfulness stress buffering hypothesis, mindfulness protects individuals from negative effects of stress. Prior investigations focused on the potential of mindfulness for reducing internalizing symptoms for adults in the context of general stress. We provided the first test of the mindfulness stress buffering hypothesis in the context of both adolescent general stress and interparental conflict (IPC) in relation to internalizing and externalizing, as well as sleep. Participants were 150 adolescents who reported dispositional mindfulness, perceived stress, IPC, internalizing, and externalizing. Participants wore an actigraph which objectively measured sleep for a week. Results suggested a stress buffering effect of mindfulness for the effects of general stress on internalizing symptoms at trend levels. Mindfulness stress buffering was not evident in relation to externalizing or sleep, or for the effect of IPC appraisals on adjustment or sleep. Greater IPC appraisals were associated with greater sleep onset latency, but mindfulness was not associated with objective measures of sleep quality or quantity. This study indicates that mindfulness may protect adolescents from the internalizing problems that often result from general stress, but that these stress buffering effects of mindfulness may not generalize to all types of stressors or adjustment/health outcomes.
Homing and platform responses to entry: Historical evidence from the U.S. newspaper industry
Authors: Park Kyeonggook Francis , Seamans Robert , Zhu Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch summaryWe examine how heterogeneity in customers' tendencies to single‐home or multi‐home affects a platform's competitive responses to new entrants in the market. We first develop a formal model to generate predictions about how a platform will respond. We then empirically test it, leveraging a historical setting: TV station entry into local U.S. newspaper markets from 1945 to 1963. A notable feature of this setting is a quasi‐natural experiment: the staggered geographic and temporal rollout of TV stations that was temporarily halted during the Korean War. We find that platform firms indeed take their customers' homing tendencies into account in their responses to competition: after a TV station enters the newspaper market, newspaper firms with more single‐homing consumers had lower subscription prices, circulations, and advertising rates.Managerial summaryThe theoretical and empirical results in our paper suggest that platform firms operating in multi‐sided market settings need to consider their customers' single‐homing and multi‐homing tendencies. Heterogeneity in these tendencies is an important demand‐side factor to consider when formulating responses to a competitor's entry.
The role of recognition in disciplinary identity for girls
Authors: Hughes Roxanne , Schellinger Jennifer , Roberts Kari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComputing fields are foundational to most STEM disciplines and the only STEM discipline to show a consistent decline in women's representation since 1990, making it an important field for STEM educators to study. The explanation for the underrepresentation of women and girls in computing is twofold: a sense that they do not fit within the stereotypes associated with computing and a lack of access to computer games and technologies beginning at an early age (Richard, 2016). Informal coding education programs are uniquely situated to counter these hurdles because they can offer additional resources and time for engagement in specially designed activities developed around best practices to improve girls coding identities (National Research Council [NRC], 2009). We draw upon research by Calabrese Barton et al. (2013) and Carlone and Johnson's (2007) research as a lens by which to examine girls' coding identity work in an informal coding education setting—a concept not currently defined in the science education research literature. In this paper, we describe the coding identity trajectories of three middle school girls who participated in a coding camp: Lilly, Victoria, and Beth. Our results provide a conceptual framework that will guide future research on coding identity that better encompasses the role of recognition by educators and peers on youth's coding identity development. This framework can be used to guide broader science education identity research, particularly as it applies to informal STEM education settings that work to engage students, especially girls, across the STEM spectrum.
Ist komplette Immunität gegen Masern bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen ein realistisches Ziel, und wie ist es möglicherweise zu erreichen?
Authors: Braun J. , Kiltz U. , Müller-Ladner U. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland kommt es immer wieder zu Masernausbrüchen. Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen werden oft immunsuppressiv behandelt. In einer aktuellen Studie zeigte sich, dass etwa 7 % dieser Patienten keinen Schutz gegen Maserninfektion haben. Das ergab sich aus der fehlenden Dokumentation im Impfausweis bzw. dem nicht vorhandenen Nachweis von protektiven Antikörpern. Die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt eine erste Impfung gegen Masern als Masern-Mumps-Röteln-Kombinationsimpfung (MMR) bei Kindern im Alter von 11–14 Monaten und eine zweite Impfung im Alter von 14–23 Monaten. Für nach 1970 geborene Erwachsene wird eine Impfung gegen Masern empfohlen, wenn diese noch nicht bzw. nur einmal gegen Masern geimpft wurden oder wenn ihr Impfstatus unklar ist. Im April 2019 hat die STIKO Anwendungshinweise zu den bei Immundefizienz empfohlenen Impfungen veröffentlicht. Seit dem 1. März 2020 besteht in Deutschland zudem eine Masernimpfpflicht.
Vascular diameter and intima-media thickness to diameter ratio values of the carotid artery in 642 healthy children
Authors: Semmler Luisa , Weberruß Heidi , Baumgartner Lisa , Pirzer Raphael , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn children, arterial alterations occur with increased intima-media thickness as well as vascular diameter enlargement. Both conditions correlate with higher cardiovascular risk in adults, and both the array and proportion of these alterations are important hemodynamic parameters. In terms of functional adaptation processes, they influence several arterial wall properties as for example the shear and tensile stress of the vessel. There are no reference values for the vascular diameter and intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery in children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio and related tensile stress values in children and to further investigate the influence of sex, age, body mass index, and blood pressure. The parameters were measured with high-resolution semi-automated ultrasound. Sex- and age-dependent values were calculated with the LMS method for a cross-sectional sample of 642 healthy, non-obese children aged 8–17 years. The mean vascular diameter was 5.45 ± 0.46 mm; the median intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was 0.085 (0.079–0.092); the mean tensile stress was 66.0 ± 8.8 kPa. The vascular diameter and the tensile stress were higher, and the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was lower in boys than in girls. In comparison to the normal weight study population the excluded obese children had a significantly higher diameter, a lower intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and a higher tensile stress. In multiple regression analyses of diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress, all parameters were influenced by sex and body mass index. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly influenced the vascular diameter, and systolic blood pressure significantly influenced the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio. Conclusion: This study is the first to report values for the diameter, the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery, and the related tensile stress allowing a more differentiated view of cardiovascular adaptations as it combines structural and functional vascular parameters.

What is known:• Intima-media thickness and vascular diameter are related to a higher cardiovascular risk in adults• The intima-media thickness/diameter ratio gives information about hemodynamic and functional vessel adaptationWhat is new:• Values for vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress of the carotid artery in children are presented in this study• Intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for arterial health in children should be complemented by intima-media thickness/diameter ratio measurement
Gas turbine computational flow and structure analysis with isogeometric discretization and a complex-geometry mesh generation method
Authors: Bazilevs Yuri , Takizawa Kenji , Wu Michael C. H. , Kuraishi Takashi , Avsar Reha , Xu Zhaojing , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA recently introduced NURBS mesh generation method for complex-geometry Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is applied to building a high-quality mesh for a gas turbine. The compressible flow in the turbine is computed using the IGA and a stabilized method with improved discontinuity-capturing, weakly-enforced no-slip boundary-condition, and sliding-interface operators. The IGA results are compared with the results from the stabilized finite element simulation to reveal superior performance of the NURBS-based approach. Free-vibration analysis of the turbine rotor using the structural mechanics NURBS mesh is also carried out and shows that the NURBS mesh generation method can be used also in structural mechanics analysis. With the flow field from the NURBS-based turbine flow simulation, the Courant number is computed based on the NURBS mesh local length scale in the flow direction to show some of the other positive features of the mesh generation framework. The work presented further advances the IGA as a fully-integrated and robust design-to-analysis framework, and the IGA-based complex-geometry flow computation with moving boundaries and interfaces represents the first of its kind for compressible flows.
Stokes polarimetry-based second harmonic generation microscopy for collagen and skeletal muscle fiber characterization
Authors: Mazumder Nirmal , Kao Fu-Jen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe complete polarization state of second harmonic (SH) light was measured and characterized by collagen type I and skeletal muscle fiber using a Stokes vector-based SHG microscope. The polarization states of the SH signal are analyzed in a pixel-by-pixel manner and displayed through two dimensional (2D) Stokes vector images. Various polarization parameters are reconstructed using Stokes values to quantify the polarization properties of SH light. Also, the measurements are extended for different input polarization states to investigate the molecular structure of second harmonic generation (SHG) active molecules such as collagen type I and myosin.
Press-extrusion pretreatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste for enhanced methane production
Authors: Cesaro Alessandra , Cieri Valentina , Belgiorno Vincenzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established process for the treatment of a wide variety of solid organic substrates, including the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). At industrial scale, the mechanical pretreatment is a fundamental step to reduce OFMSW particle size and to promote the hydrolysis within the subsequent AD process. Among the mechanical pretreatment technologies, press-extrusion has recently raised great interest for its possible application to either enhance the organic load to the digester or improve the overall process stability and methane yields. Aim of this study was in assessing the potential of the press-extrusion pretreatment to improve the performance of OFMSW anaerobic degradation. Batch tests were set up according to a full factorial design of experiments to assess the significance of the main operating parameters. The statistical analysis of results addressed further tests, carried out under semi-continuous feeding mode, to better discuss the possible application of press-extrusion for the greatest valorization of OFMSW under anaerobic conditions.
Rheumatic Disease-Related Symptoms during the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mancuso Carol A. , Duculan Roland , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Barbhaiya Medha , Bass Anne R. , Mehta Bella 
Published: September 2020

Background Systemic rheumatic diseases are characterized by diverse symptoms that are exacerbated by stressors. Questions/Purposes Our goal was to identify COVID-19-related stressors that patients associated with worsening rheumatic disease symptoms. Methods With approval of their rheumatologists, patients at an academic medical center were interviewed with open-ended questions about the impact of COVID-19 on daily life. Responses were analyzed with qualitative methods using grounded theory and a comparative analytic approach to generate categories of stressors. Results Of 112 patients enrolled (mean age 50 years, 86% women, 34% non-white or Latino, 30% with lupus, 26% with rheumatoid arthritis), 2 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients reported that coping with challenges due to the pandemic both directly and indirectly worsened their rheumatic disease symptoms. Categories associated with direct effects were increased fatigue (i.e., from multitasking, physical work, and taking precautions to avoid infection) and worsening musculoskeletal and cognitive function. Categories associated with indirect effects were psychological worry (i.e., about contracting SARS-COV-2, altering medications, impact on family, and impact on job and finances) and psychological stress (i.e., at work, at home, from non-routine family responsibilities, about uncertainty related to SARS-CoV-2, and from the media). Patients often reported several effects coalesced in causing more rheumatic disease symptoms. Conclusion Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with rheumatic disease–related physical and psychological effects, even among patients not infected with SARS-CoV-2. According to patients, these effects adversely impacted their rheumatic diseases. Clinicians will need to ascertain the long-term sequelae of these effects and determine what therapeutic and psychological interventions are indicated.
Community Archaeology at the Trowel's Edge
Authors: Miroff Laurie E. , Versaggi Nina M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Public Archaeology Facility's (PAF) Community Archaeology Program (CAP) at Binghamton University began 25 years ago in response to intense community interest in participating in archaeology. Although non-archaeologists have unlimited access to programming and social media about archaeology, there is more limited access to professionally supervised opportunities. PAF developed CAP to provide non-archaeologists with the opportunity to participate in highly supervised archaeological research projects to share in the process of discovery at the “trowel's edge.” CAP recognizes the challenges and critiques of community programs and mitigates these by creating a climate of ethical practice. Our goal is to educate individuals about the presence of a rich and fascinating past in their own communities and create the sweat equity that can result in advocates for preservation. We operate under the principles that the heritage story embedded in an artifact is worthy of our respect and protection, and that an educated public is more likely to support the preservation of this heritage. Making a connection to people through artifacts builds not only a deeper understanding of the past but also an empathy for preservation. In this article, we introduce the program and reflect on the 25-year history of CAP and future directions.
Predictors of anaemia among adolescent schoolchildren of Ghana
Authors: Gosdin Lucas , Tripp Katie , Mahama Abraham B. , Quarshie Kate , Amoaful Esi Foriwa , Selenje Lilian , Sharma Deepika , Jefferds Maria Elena , Sharma Andrea J. , Whitehead Ralph D. , Suchdev Parminder S. , Ramakrishnan Usha , Martorell Reynaldo , Addo O. Yaw 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnaemia is a public health problem in Ghana. We sought to identify factors associated with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and anaemia among school-attending adolescents. We analysed data from 2948 adolescent girls and 609 boys (10–19 years) selected from 115 schools from regions of Ghana as a secondary analysis of baseline surveys conducted at two time-points. We measured Hb, malaria from capillary blood, anthropometry and used a modified food frequency questionnaire to assess diet. Multivariable linear and Poisson regression models were used to identify predictors of Hb and anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia, malaria and geophagy were 24, 25, and 24 %, respectively, among girls and 13, 27 and 6 %, respectively, among boys. Girls engaging in geophagy had a 53 % higher adjusted prevalence of anaemia and 0⋅39 g/dl lower Hb. There were similar results among those who tested positive for malaria (+52 % anaemia; −0⋅42 g/dl Hb). Among girls, lower anaemia prevalence and higher Hb were associated with consumption of foods rich in haeme iron (−22 %; +0⋅18 g/dl), consumption of iron-fortified cereal/beverages consumed with citrus (−50 %; +0⋅37 g/dl) and being overweight (−22 %; +0⋅22 g/dl). Age was positively associated with anaemia among girls, but negatively associated among boys. Boys who tested positive for malaria had 0⋅31 g/dl lower Hb. Boys who were overweight or had obesity and consumed flour products were also more likely to be anaemic (119 and 56 %, respectively). Factors associated with Hb and anaemia may inform anaemia reduction interventions among school-going adolescents and suggest the need to tailor them uniquely for boys and girls.
Associations between dietary patterns and physical fitness among Chinese elderly
Authors: Lyu Yan , Yu Xiao , Yuan Huacai , Yi Xiangren , Dong Xiaosheng , Ding Meng , Lin Xinying , Wang Baozhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and physical fitness among older Chinese (≥60 years) individuals.Design:Cross-sectional survey. Dietary data were collected by a simplified semi-quantitative FFQ. The 30-s Chair Stand test (30sCST), 30-s Arm Curl test (30sACT), 8-foot Time Up-and-Go test (8fTUAGT) and 6-min Walking test (6mWT) were used to assess physical fitness. Dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and physical fitness was explored by multiple logistic regression.Setting:Six communities (villages) of three districts in Liaocheng City (Shandong Province, China).Participants:A total of 596 residents were recruited from April to May 2017.Results:Among 556 residents who were finally enrolled, 196 were men (35 %) and 360 were women (65 %). Three dietary patterns were identified: ‘Western’, ‘Vegetarian’ and ‘Modern’. The 30sACT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Western pattern were less likely to be classified in the ‘high-level’ group, but men in the fourth quartile of the Vegetarian pattern were classified in the high-level group. The 6mWT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Modern pattern were classified in the high-level group. These associations were independent of confounding factors.Conclusions:Adherence to the Vegetarian pattern and Modern pattern may be protective factors for maintaining good physical fitness in older Chinese individuals. The Western pattern may lead to poor physical fitness in this population.
Leader Charges, Currents, Ambient Electric Fields, and Space Charges Along Downward Positive Leader Paths Retrieved From Ground Measurements in Metropolis
Authors: Gao Yan , Chen Mingli , Lyu Weitao , Qi Qi , Qin Zilong , Du Ya‐ping , Zhang Yijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn approach for retrieving the leader channel charge density, leader current, ambient electric field, and space charge along a leader channel path from ground observations with a complicated ground condition was presented. With this approach, properties of two downward positive leaders (DPL1 and DPL2) struck at high‐rise buildings were studied based on electric and optical measurements made on the roof of a 100 m high building in Guangzhou, China. It shows that the leader‐produced electric field on the roof of the 100 m high building was about 4 times of that on flat ground. The 2‐D speed for both leaders showed a general increasing trend as the leader going down, in the range of 1.8 to 32.3 × 105 and 1.7 to 46.9 × 105 m/s, respectively. The channel line charge density for both leaders showed firstly a sharp increasing trend and then a decreasing trend as the leader going down, in the range of 0.4 to 8.6 and 0.4 to 15.2 mC/m, respectively. The current of the two leaders varied in the range of 0.7 to 5.4 and 0.7 to 4.6 kA, respectively. The ambient electric field (downward is positive) for both leaders showed an alternating polarity along the leader path, in the range of −120 to +176 and −250 to +180 kV/m, respectively. The space charge for both leaders showed also an alternating polarity along the leader path, in the range of −12.3 to +4.2 and −13.9 to +7.8 nC/m3, respectively, which may reflect the in‐cloud electric structure and the corona charge distribution between the cloud and ground.
Surface Waves in a Nonlinear Metamaterial Rod
Authors: Smolkin Eugene , Shestopalov Yury , Snegur Maxim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider propagation of surface Transverse Electric (TE) waves in a rod filled with nonlinear metamaterial medium. The problem is reduced to the analysis of a nonlinear integral equation with a kernel in the form of the Green function of an auxiliary boundary value problem on an interval. The existence of propagating nonlinear surface TE waves for the chosen nonlinearity (Kerr law) is proved using the method of contraction. For the numerical solution, a method based on solving an auxiliary Cauchy problem (a version of the shooting method) is proposed. New propagation regimes are discovered.
The optical tweezer of skyrmions
Authors: Wang Xi-Guang , Chotorlishvili Levan , Dugaev Vitalii K. , Ernst Arthur , Maznichenko Igor V. , Arnold Nikita , Jia Chenglong , Berakdar Jamal , Mertig Ingrid , Barnaś Józef 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a spin-driven multiferroic system, the magnetoelectric coupling has the form of effective dynamical Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. Experimentally, it is confirmed, for instance, for Cu2OSeO3, that the DM interaction has an essential role in the formation of skyrmions, which are topologically protected magnetic structures. Those skyrmions are very robust and can be manipulated through an electric field. The external electric field couples to the spin-driven ferroelectric polarization and the skyrmionic magnetic texture emerged due to the DM interaction. In this work, we demonstrate the effect of optical tweezing. For a particular configuration of the external electric fields it is possible to trap or release the skyrmions in a highly controlled manner. The functionality of the proposed tweezer is visualized by micromagnetic simulations and model analysis.