bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐induced self‐propagating synthesis of Al3BC3 powder for high‐temperature electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Lv Junyi , Li Tao , Li Yage , Li Hang , Xia Zhiwen , Zhang Shaowei , Zhang Haijun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials play an increasingly crucial role in mitigating electromagnetic pollution. In this study, the laser‐induced self‐propagating synthesis (LSS) method was employed to successfully produce Al3BC3 powders with a purity of up to 98.8 wt.% using aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, and carbon powder as raw materials. The preparation efficiency was increased by approximately 20–360 times compared to conventional heating methods. Additionally, the as‐synthesized Al3BC3 powder exhibited remarkable oxidation resistance, with an apparent oxidation activation energy (E) of 213.04 kJ/mol and a preexponential factor of 5.38. Moreover, the powder demonstrated superior EMW absorption performance at 973 K, with a reflection loss below –10 dB within the frequency range of 6.74–7.97 GHz and a minimum reflection loss reaching –45.86 dB at a thickness of 2.9 mm. These results suggest that the as‐synthesized Al3BC3 powder is a promising candidates for high‐temperature EMW absorption applications.
Bridging the Gap: Understanding Patient and Clinician Preferences When Designing Preoperative Education Programs
Authors: Furtado Rochelle , MacDermid Joy C. , Ziebart Christina , Bryant Dianne , Faber Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraditionally, health information has been created from the perspective of the providers with minimum patient consultation, hindering engagement and adherence. The rate of shoulder replacements has increased over the past decade, is associated with shorter hospital stays, and patients are relying on education to be able to participate in shared decision‐making. Therefore, to ensure creation of accessible education programs for shoulder replacement procedures, we explored patient and clinician preferences regarding content and device choices for a preoperative shoulder replacement education program.MethodsThis study used an interpretive descriptive qualitative approach to understand patient and clinician preferences. We included a subset of patient and healthcare provider perspectives, from those who had previously completed our quantitative survey. Interviews were conducted in English by one researcher. Analysis was conducted through a descriptive thematic analysis with open coding.ResultsA total of 10 patients and 9 healthcare providers were interviewed. Findings were categorized into four main themes described the process of creating patient education material (1) methods of accessing information, (2) deciding on educational content, (3) deciding on device use, and the last theme of factors affecting engagement can be further divided as (4‐1) promotors of engagement and (4‐2) barriers of engagement.ConclusionsA multimodal program of a website with videos and a written booklet, that covers basic information regarding the surgery, timelines for recovery, sling use, use of therapeutic devices/aids post‐surgery, patient expectations to improve surgery satisfaction, postoperative restrictions, pain management, rehabilitation and home supports is desired by both patients and clinicians.
Melanisation in Salmonid Skeletal Muscle: A Review
Authors: Bjørgen Håvard , Rimstad Espen , Koppang Erling Olaf 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMelanisation can occur in the musculature of fish. A well‐known form is the melanised focal changes, or ‘black spots’, in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The aetiology of black spots has not been fully determined, though recent research has emphasised the role of fat necrosis in their development. The initial stages of the changes are observed as focal haemorrhages or ‘red spots’, and these can progress into melanised focal changes (MFCs). The focal haemorrhages are acute changes characterised by necrotic myocytes and adipocytes and diffuse haemorrhage in the tissue. These changes evolve into a chronic inflammation dominated by fibrosis, encapsulated lipid droplets or pseudocysts, presence of epithelioid cells, granulomas of varying character, giant cells and melano‐macrophages, whose presence accounts for the discolouration. The inflammation ranges from mild to severe, and the severity of the lesion has been associated with localised piscine orthoreovirus 1 (PRV 1) replication in macrophages and melano‐macrophages within granulomas. The possibility of a genetic impact on the condition has not been supported by available data. The lipid composition and the antioxidative properties of the feed have been shown to affect the development of the changes. Physiological and environmental factors are also believed to influence the prevalence and severity of the condition. Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning melanisation in fish skeletal musculature, with a special emphasis on the MFCs in Atlantic salmon.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Lubiprostone and Osmotic Laxatives in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yang Luoyao , Zong Ye , Meng Fandong , Wu Yongdong , Zhang Shutian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone (Lub) with osmotic laxatives in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in May 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were manually searched by two independent reviewers. The efficacy was assessed by the proportion of patients with spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) within 24 h after the first administration of the medication and SBMs in Weeks 1 and 4. Safety was evaluated based on adverse events including nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal distension. Optimal probability values and the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) were also calculated for all interventions. Higher SUCRA values indicate better efficacy and safety of the intervention.ResultsFollowing a thorough search and screening process, 25 articles were included. Among the selected trials, 8 compared Lub to placebo, 10 compared polyethylene glycol (PEG) to placebo, 4 compared lactulose (Lac) to placebo, and 3 compared PEG to Lac. The meta‐analysis results indicated that Lub and osmotic laxatives were significantly more effective than placebo. According to the SUCRA results, the highest rank probabilities were for Lub in increasing the SBMs and reducing abdominal distension.ConclusionLubiprostone is more effective than PEG and Lactulose for treating CIC, with comparable safety profiles. However, this conclusion requires further validation through large‐scale, high‐quality studies.
Factors affecting turnover intention of nurses in Japanese nursing homes for older adults—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baba Kaoru , Doi Mana , Arimoto Azusa , Kaneda Akiko , Kanoya Yuka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify factors that affect turnover intention of nurses in Japanese nursing homes (NHs).MethodsCross‐sectional nationwide self‐administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 2000 nurses and 1000 directors from 1000 NHs. Data were collected between December 2019 and January 2020. The questionnaire contained NH nurses' turnover intention，organizational factors such as work conditions, and so on; individual factors such as self‐evaluation of nursing practice and so on. Responses were obtained from 267 nurses and 163 directors (response rates: 13.4% and 16.3%, respectively). This analysis included 196 responses from both nurses and directors from NHs. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors affecting nurses' turnover intentions.ResultsRegarding the NH nurses' turnover intention, 49.5% responded “no intention to leave,” 50.5% responded “intention to leave.” Of these “intention to leave,” 41.4% responded “I wanted to work in a medical facility.” A stronger burden of on‐call shift (OR [odds ratio] = 1.54, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.10–2.16) and a lower affective organizational commitment (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62–0.80) indicated a higher turnover intention of NH nurses.ConclusionsRetention of NH nurses may be increased by reducing the burden of on‐call shifts and enhancing affective organizational commitment.
‘I still remember’: Increased categoric autobiographical memories in behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Boutoleau‐Bretonnière Claire 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutobiographical memory is diminished in patients with behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and research has focused on the hampered ability of patients to retrieve specific memories. In this study, we implemented a methodology seeking to provide a qualitative analysis of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with bvFTD and control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and we distinguished between specific, categoric, extended and semantic autobiographical retrieval. The analysis demonstrated that patients with bvFTD produced more categoric than specific, extended or semantic memories. Thus, despite the decreased ability to retrieve specific memories, an increased ability to produce categoric memories can be observed in patients with bvFTD. These results support a positive view according to which autobiographical retrieval in bvFTD is not solely characterized by over‐generality, but also by increased retrieval of categoric memories. Categoric memories, albeit lacking uniqueness, nevertheless, involve retrieval of similar or related events upon which patients may draw knowledge related to their self‐image and life story.
Promoting adolescents' pro‐environmental behavior: A motive‐alignment approach
Authors: van de Wetering Judith , Grapsas Stathis , Poorthuis Astrid , Thomaes Sander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMost adolescents are concerned about climate change. What helps them to act on their concerns? This preregistered randomized experiment tested whether adolescents' pro‐environmental behavior can be promoted by framing the behavior as compatible with their autonomy motive. Dutch adolescents (N = 319, ages 12–17, 57.7% girls, predominantly indicating “Dutch” or “bicultural” identities) viewed a campaign‐style video that explained the causes of climate change (all conditions), and additionally framed pro‐environmental behavior as a personal choice (volition‐alignment), opportunity to rebel (rebellion‐alignment), or mandatory (misalignment). Rebellion‐alignment increased pro‐environmental behavior intentions and petitioning behavior; misalignment decreased pro‐environmental donating behavior. Effect sizes were small to medium. These findings provide proof of concept that motive alignment can be effective in promoting adolescents' pro‐environmental engagement.
Changes in Serum Rheumatoid Factor Following Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus Infection With Interferon or Direct Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Tsai Ying‐Nan , Lo Jamie Chieh , Tseng Cheng‐Hao , Hsieh Song‐Chou , Chiu Wen‐Chin , Tai Chi‐Ming , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lee Fu‐Jen , Nguyen Mindie H. , Lin Jaw‐Town , Hsu Yao‐Chun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a myriad of extrahepatic manifestations (EHM), as well as the production of autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF). This study aims to elucidate whether serum levels of RF change before and after HCV eradication, and whether these changes differ according to the type of therapy used. This is a retrospective cohort study of adults with chronic HCV infection treated with interferon‐free or interferon‐based regimens. All patients had HCV viremia at baseline and documented sustained virological response (SVR) 12 or 24 weeks after completing treatment. We measured the serum levels of RF at baseline and at SVR‐12 or −24 to analyse the changes after eradication. This study enrolled 297 patients (median age, 59 years; female, 48.5%; cirrhosis, 16.8%). Among them, 78 (26.3%) were RF‐positive by qualitative serology at baseline. This number decreased to 49 (16.5%) at SVR‐12 or −24 (p < 0.001). Quantitatively, the median RF also decreased from 1.6 IU/mL (interquartile range [IQR], undetectable—15.8) to undetectable (IQR, undetectable—6.6 IU/mL) (p < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in both groups. The proportion with RF seropositivity decreased from 24.3% to 15.4% (p = 0.001) in patients treated with interferon‐free agents (n = 214) and from 31.3% to 19.3% (p = 0.006) in patients treated with interferon‐based regimens (n = 83), without significant difference between two groups (p = 0.40). Serum RF decreased after HCV eradication, regardless of treatment regimen. Our findings suggest that HCV eradication may attenuate HCV‐related autoimmunity.
Oil Price Shocks and Macroeconomic Fluctuations: A GVAR Approach
Authors: Attílio Luccas Assis , Mollick André Varella 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigate the effects of oil price shocks on industrial and emerging market economies. We use a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model with 19 economies from 1999M1 to 2022M3. Our sample evaluates output responses of each country to the same global shock, defined in several ways. While we find that domestic prices and interest rates in industrial economies respond to the WTI real oil price shock, the generalized impulse response functions (GIRF) tend to be not statistically significant in emerging economies. Stock markets increase in the first months for the oil producers but have negative values in the long‐run. The oil price shock causes a generalized fall in industrial production and loses importance over time. We reinforce our results by identifying the oil shock using the structural GIRF (SGIRF) following a causal ordering from oil to real output. When we decompose WTI into either supply or demand shocks, industrial production declines in the short‐run due to supply shocks but increases in response to oil demand shocks. Our results are very robust, especially in industrial economies when allowing for time‐varying bilateral trade. Underscoring the importance of identifying oil price shocks, the oil price shock pushes inflation up, prompting the central bank's response in policy rates.
ClBeclin1 Positively Regulates Citrus Defence Against Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus Through Mediating Autophagy‐Dependent Degradation of ClAPX1
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Yu Ling , Zhao Jinfa , Fu Shimin , Mei Yalin , Lou Binghai , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAutophagy, one of the most widespread and highly conserved protein degradation systems in eukaryotic cells, plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress response. Beclin 1 is a core component of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) autophagy complex and positively regulates plant immunity against viruses. The upregulation of Eureka lemon ClBeclin1 was observed in response to citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) infection. However, the function of ClBeclin1 and the underlying mechanism during CYVCV colonisation remain unclear. Here, the resistance evaluation of the overexpression and silencing of ClBeclin1 in Eureka lemon hairy roots revealed it as a positive regulator of citrus immunity against CYVCV. Transcriptomic profiling and metabolic analyses along with genetic evidence implied that the overexpression of ClBeclin1 positively triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐ and jasmonic acid (JA)‐mediated immunity in citrus. The accumulation of ROS and JA contents was attributed to the autophagic degradation of the ROS scavenger ClAPX1 via ClBeclin1 overexpression. Exogenous application of either H2O2 or JA significantly reduced CYVCV colonisation and vein‐clearing symptoms on the host. Collectively, our findings indicate that ClBeclin1 activation contributes to citrus immunity against CYVCV through triggering ROS‐ and JA‐mediated defence responses, and the accumulation of ROS and JA resulted from the autophagic degradation of ClAPX1 by ClBeclin1.
Emerging mechanisms of organ crosstalk: The role of oxylipins
Authors: Fisk Helena Lucy , Shaikh Saame Raza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of oxylipins in the pathophysiology of several diseases. This is accompanied by a limited but evolving evidence base describing augmented oxylipin concentrations in a range of complications including cardiovascular disease, obesity, liver disease and neurological disorders. Despite this, literature describing oxylipin profiles in blood and multiple organs is inconsistent and the mechanisms by which these profiles are altered, and the relationships between localised tissue and circulating oxylipins are poorly understood. Inflammation and immune response associated with disease requires communication across organs and physiological systems. For example, inflammation and comorbidities associated with obesity extend beyond the adipose tissue and affect the vascular, hepatobiliary and digestive systems amongst others. Communication between organs and physiological systems is implicated in the progression of disease as well as the maintenance of homeostasis. There is emerging evidence for the role of oxylipins as a mechanism of communication in organ crosstalk but the role of these in orchestrating multiple organ and system responses is poorly understood. Herein, we review evidence to support and describe the role of oxylipins in organ crosstalk via the cardiosplenic and gut‐link axis. In addition, we review emerging mechanisms of oxylipin regulation, the gut microbiome and modification using nutritional intervention. Finally, we describe future perspectives for addressing challenges in measurement and interpretation of oxylipin research with focus on the host genome as a modifier of oxylipin profiles and response to dietary lipid intervention.
Effectiveness of Gamma Rays in Attenuation of Toxoplasma gondii Pathogenicity and Eliciting Immune Response in Mice
Authors: El Shanawany Eman E. , Younis Salwa Sami , Nemr Waleed A. , Hassan Soad E. , Zalat Rabab S. , Desouky Hassan M. , Shaapan Raafat M. , Abdel‐Rahman Eman H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGamma irradiation was applied to the tachyzoites Toxoplasma gondii virulent strain at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 KGy. Radiation's effects were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, the modest dosage of radiation, 0.25 KGy, showed 97% tachyzoites viability with only slight surface abnormalities and a normal crescent form using a scanning electron microscope. Protein analysis by SDS‐PAGE demonstrated that while higher doses of radiation altered the protein banding profile, the 0.25 KGy irradiated tachyzoites showed no significant changes compared to the control (non‐irradiated tachyzoites). While, tachyzoites exposed to the higher dose of irradiation (1, 1.5 and 2 KGy) resulted in the appearance of a new protein band as the molecular weights detected were 60, 30 and 10 kDa for antigens prepared from tachyzoites exposed to 1 kDa, and 1.5 and 60, 28 kDa for antigen prepared from tachyzoites exposed to 2 KGy. The immunogenicity of the tachyzoites exposed to radiation did not reveal any significant change in comparison with no irradiated tachyzoites when tested by ELISA using sheep‐infected sera. A study conducted in vivo evaluated the infectivity of irradiation tachyzoites by inoculating mice with a 2500 tachyzoites virulent strain/mouse. There are six groups of mice, each with twelve animals, for the six doses of radiation. Mice harbouring irradiation tachyzoites remained viable until 40 days post‐inoculation. On the other hand, the mice of control group had a mean survival time of 6.5 ± 0.22 days, and none of them survived past 7 dpi. Comparing the attenuated T. gondii tachyzoites at 0.25 KGy to the control group and other groups injected with irradiated tachyzoites, the results showed statistically significant increases in total IgG. Compared to other irradiation groups, the group injected with 0.25 KGy irradiated tachyzoites had a considerably higher level of IFN γ and IL17 (p < 0.000001). The groups which received 0.25 and 0.5 KGy irradiated tachyzoites as an injection showed no discernible variation in their higher levels of IL12. The findings imply that gamma irradiation was successful in reducing the pathogenicity of the T. gondii virulent strain while preserving the potential of the irradiated tachyzoites to induce an immunological reaction. An investigation into this immune response's immunoprotective potential is advised.
Innovative multi‐scale approach to study the phenotypic variation of seedling leaves in four weedy Amaranthus species
Authors: Scarpin D. , Este G. , D'Este F. , Boscutti F. , Milani A. , Panozzo S. , Varotto S. , Vuerich M. , Petrussa E. , Braidot E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Plant phenotyping on morpho‐anatomical traits through image analysis, from microscope images to large‐scale acquisitions through remote sensing, represents a low‐invasive tool providing insight into physiological and structural trait variation, as well as plant–environment interactions. High phenotype diversity in the genus Amaranthus includes annual weed species with high invasiveness and impact on important summer crops, and nutritive grain or vegetable crops. Identification of morpho‐anatomical leaf characters at very young stages across weedy amaranths could be useful for better understanding their performance in agroecosystems.

We used an innovative multi‐scale approach with phenotype analyses of about 20 single‐leaf morphometric traits of four Amaranthus species through processing confocal microscopy and camera acquisitions.

The results highlight that determination of leaf traits at different investigation levels highlight species‐specific traits at a juvenile stage, which are crucial for plant development, competition and establishment. Specifically, leaf circularity and hairiness Aspect Ratio better discriminated A. tuberculatus from other species. Also, leaf DW, hairiness area and perimeter variables allowed identification of dioecious amaranth species as distinct from monoecious species.

The methodology used here provides a promising, reliable and low‐impact approach for the functional characterization of phylogenetically related species and for statistical quantification of traits involved in taxonomy and biodiversity studies.
Political Attitudes and Sexual Identity in Germany: Examining the Sexuality Gap
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe association between LGB+ identity and political attitudes in Europe remains relatively underexplored, despite the growing visibility of LGB+ individuals in electoral politics. Existing research tends to focus on a limited range of political attitudes and seldom uses indicators that reflect LGB+ self‐identification. This research note presents new evidence based on original survey data (N = 1,599) from Germany in 2021, which directly measures sexual identity and its association with political attitudes. It shows that self‐identifying as LGB+ (9.63 percent; N = 154) is associated with left‐liberal political attitudes, confirming previous findings from studies in the US and Western Europe. However, in contrast to those studies, LGB+ individuals in Germany do not exhibit more liberal views on migration or greater solidarity with EU member states in financial need. These findings suggest that LGB+ individuals are not always more liberal than heterosexuals.