bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and design of a cohort study evaluating triage of acute chest pain in out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands (TRACE)
Authors: Manten Amy , Cuijpers Cuny J.J. , Rietveld Remco , Groot Emma , van de Graaf Freek , Voerman Sandra , Himmelreich Jelle C.L. , Lucassen Wim A.M. , van Weert Henk C.P.M. , Harskamp Ralf E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study are (1) to evaluate the performance of current triage for chest pain; (2) to describe the case mix of patients undergoing triage for chest pain; and (3) to identify opportunities to improve performance of current Dutch triage system for chest pain. Chest pain is a common symptom, and identifying patients with chest pain that require urgent care can be quite challenging. Making the correct assessment is even harder during telephone triage. Temporal trends show that the referral threshold has lowered over time, resulting in overcrowding of first responders and emergency services. While various stakeholders advocate for a more efficient triage system, careful evaluation of the performance of the current triage in primary care is lacking. TRiage of Acute Chest pain Evaluation in primary care (TRACE) is a large cohort study designed to describe the current Dutch triage system for chest pain and subsequently evaluate triage performance in regard to clinical outcomes. The study consists of consecutive patients who contacted the out-of-hours primary care facility with chest pain in the region of Alkmaar, the Netherlands, in 2017, with follow-up for clinical outcomes out to August 2019. The primary outcome of interest is ‘major event’, which is defined as the occurrence of death from any cause, acute coronary syndrome, urgent coronary revascularization, or other high-risk diagnoses in which delay is inadmissible and hospitalization is necessary. We will evaluate the performance of the triage system by assessing the ability of the triage system to correctly classify patients regarding urgency (accuracy), the proportion of safe actions following triage (safety) as well as rightfully deployed ambulances (efficacy). TRACE is designed to describe the current Dutch triage system for chest pain in primary care and to subsequently evaluate triage performance in regard to clinical outcomes.
Nick Martin and the Genetics of Depression: Sample Size, Sample Size, Sample Size
Authors: Byrne Enda M. , Henders Anjali K. , Hickie Ian B. , Middeldorp Christel M. , Wray Naomi R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNick Martin is a pioneer in recognizing the need for large sample size to study the complex, heterogeneous and polygenic disorders of common mental disorders. In the predigital era, questionnaires were mailed to thousands of twin pairs around Australia. Always quick to adopt new technology, Nick’s studies progressed to phone interviews and then online. Moreover, Nick was early to recognize the value of collecting DNA samples. As genotyping technologies improved over the years, these twin and family cohorts were used for linkage, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. These cohorts have underpinned many analyses to disentangle the complex web of genetic and lifestyle factors associated with mental health. With characteristic foresight, Nick is chief investigator of our Australian Genetics of Depression Study, which has recruited 16,000 people with self-reported depression (plus DNA samples) over a time frame of a few months — analyses are currently ongoing. The mantra of sample size, sample size, sample size has guided Nick’s research over the last 30 years and continues to do so.
Estimation of the Tangential Winds and Asymmetric Structures in Typhoon Inner Core Region Using Himawari‐8
Authors: Tsukada Taiga , Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObservations of the winds in tropical cyclones are still limited. We propose a new method for deriving the tangential winds in tropical cyclones, which employs a spectral analysis of high‐frequency cloud imaging by latest‐generation geostationary meteorological satellites such as Himawari‐8. The method was applied to the visible images of boundary layer clouds in the eye of Typhoon Lan (2017) over an 8.5‐hr period. The low‐level tangential winds over the central two thirds of the eye in radius were close to a rigid body rotation and increased with time. On its outside was a region with striating clouds rotating at much higher angular velocities, which may have been supergradient. Asymmetric motions were visualized as the deviation from the inner rotation, and the vorticity of some mesovortices were quantified. These asymmetric motions are suggested to transport angular momentum to accelerate the inner rotation.
A Machine Learning‐Based Global Atmospheric Forecast Model
Authors: Arcomano Troy , Szunyogh Istvan , Pathak Jaideep , Wikner Alexander , Hunt Brian R. , Ott Edward 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper investigates the applicability of machine learning (ML) to weather prediction by building a reservoir computing‐based, low‐resolution, global prediction model. The model is designed to take advantage of the massively parallel architecture of a modern supercomputer. The forecast performance of the model is assessed by comparing it to that of daily climatology, persistence, and a numerical (physics‐based) model of identical prognostic state variables and resolution. Hourly resolution 20‐day forecasts with the model predict realistic values of the atmospheric state variables at all forecast times for the entire globe. The ML model outperforms both climatology and persistence for the first three forecast days in the midlatitudes, but not in the tropics. Compared to the numerical model, the ML model performs best for the state variables most affected by parameterized processes in the numerical model.
Stable diagonal stripes in the t–J model at n̅h = 1/8 doping from fPEPS calculations
Authors: Dong Shao-Jun , Wang Chao , Han Yong-Jian , Yang Chao , He Lixin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the two-dimensional t–J model at a hole doping of $${\bar{n}}_{{\rm{h}}}=1/8$$

n

¯

h

=
1
/
8

using recently developed high accuracy fermionic projected entangled pair states method. By applying the stochastic gradient descent method combined with the Monte Carlo sampling technique, we obtain the ground state hole energy Ehole = −1.621 for J/t = 0.4. We show that the ground state has stable diagonal stripes instead of vertical stripes with a width of 4 unit cells, and stripe filling ρl = 0.5. We further show that the long-range superconductivity order is suppressed at this point.
Transcriptome and translatome profiles of Streptomyces species in different growth phases
Authors: Kim Woori , Hwang Soonkyu , Lee Namil , Lee Yongjae , Cho Suhyung , Palsson Bernhard , Cho Byung-Kwan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStreptomyces are efficient producers of various bioactive compounds, which are mostly synthesized by their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs). The smBGCs are tightly controlled by complex regulatory systems at transcriptional and translational levels to effectively utilize precursors that are supplied by primary metabolism. Thus, dynamic changes in gene expression in response to cellular status at both the transcriptional and translational levels should be elucidated to directly reflect protein levels, rapid downstream responses, and cellular energy costs. In this study, RNA-Seq and ribosome profiling were performed for five industrially important Streptomyces species at different growth phases, for the deep sequencing of total mRNA, and only those mRNA fragments that are protected by translating ribosomes, respectively. Herein, 12.0 to 763.8 million raw reads were sufficiently obtained with high quality of more than 80% for the Phred score Q30 and high reproducibility. These data provide a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional and translational landscape across the Streptomyces species and contribute to facilitating the rational engineering of secondary metabolite production.
Association Between Seasonal Influenza and Absolute Humidity: Time-Series Analysis with Daily Surveillance Data in Japan
Authors: Shimmei Keita , Nakamura Takahiro , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Hashizume Masahiro , Murakami Yoshitaka , Maruyama Aya , Misaki Takako , Okabe Nobuhiko , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeasonal influenza epidemics are associated with various meteorological factors. Recently absolute humidity (AH) has garnered attention, and some epidemiological studies show an association between AH and human influenza infection. However, they mainly analyzed weekly surveillance data, and daily data remains largely unexplored despite its potential benefits. In this study, we analyze daily influenza surveillance data using a distributed lag non-linear model to examine the association of AH with the number of influenza cases and the magnitude of the association. Additionally, we investigate how adjustment for seasonality and autocorrelation in the model affect results. All models used in the study showed a significant increase in the number of influenza cases as AH decreased, although the magnitude of the association differed substantially by model. Furthermore, we found that relative risk reached a peak at lag 10–14 with extremely low AH. To verify these findings, further analysis should be conducted using data from other locations.
Type 2 diabetes impacts colorectal adenoma detection in screening colonoscopy
Authors: Ottaviano Lorenzo F. , Li Xueying , Murray Matthew , Frye Jesse T. , Lung Brandon E. , Zhang Ying Yi , Yang Jie , Taub Erin M. , Bucobo Juan Carlos , Buscaglia Jonathan M. , Li Ellen , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a retrospective analysis of adenoma detection rates (ADR) in initial screening colonoscopies to further investigate the role of diabetes in adenoma detection. Methods: A chart review was performed on initial average risk screening colonoscopies (ages 45–75) during 2012–2015. Data collected included basic demographics, insurance, BMI, family history of CRC, smoking, diabetes, and aspirin use. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models for binary outcomes were used to examine the relationship between diabetes and variables associated with CRC risk and ADR. Results: Of 2865 screening colonoscopies, 282 were performed on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multivariable analysis suggested that T2DM (OR = 1.49, 95% CI:1.13–1.97, p = 0.0047) was associated with an increased ADR, as well as smoking, older age, higher BMI and male sex (all p < 0.05). For patients with T2DM, those not taking diabetes medications were more likely to have an adenoma than those taking medication (OR = 2.38, 95% CI:1.09–5.2, p = 0.03). Conclusion: T2DM has an effect on ADR after controlling for multiple confounding variables. Early interventions for prevention of T2DM and prescribing anti-diabetes medications may reduce development of colonic adenomas and may contribute to CRC prevention.
Superhydrophobicity and size reduction enabled Halobates (Insecta: Heteroptera, Gerridae) to colonize the open ocean
Authors: Mahadik G. A. , Hernandez-Sanchez J. F. , Arunachalam S. , Gallo A. , Cheng L. , Farinha A. S. , Thoroddsen S. T. , Mishra H. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the remarkable evolutionary success of insects at colonizing every conceivable terrestrial and aquatic habitat, only fiveHalobates(Heteroptera: Gerridae) species (~0.0001% of all known insect species) have succeeded at colonizing the open ocean – the largest biome on Earth. This remarkable evolutionary achievement likely required unique adaptations for them to survive and thrive in the challenging oceanic environment. For the first time, we explore the morphology and behavior of an open-oceanHalobates germanusand a related coastal speciesH. hayanusto understand mechanisms of these adaptations. We provide direct experimental evidence based on high-speed videos which reveal thatHalobatesexploit their specialized and self-groomed body hair to achieve extreme water repellence, which facilitates rapid skating and plastron respiration under water. Moreover, the grooming behavior and presence of cuticular wax aids in the maintenance of superhydrophobicity. Further, reductions of their body mass and size enable them to achieve impressive accelerations (~400 ms−2) and reaction times (~12 ms) to escape approaching predators or environmental threats and are crucial to their survival under harsh marine conditions. These findings might also inspire rational strategies for developing liquid-repellent surfaces for drag reduction, water desalination, and preventing bio-fouling.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparing ion transport in ionic liquids and polymerized ionic
liquids
Authors: Xiao Wangchuan , Yang Quan , Zhu Shenlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) combine the unique properties of
ionic liquids (ILs) with macromolecular polymers. But anion diffusivities in polyILs
can be three orders of magnitude lower than that in ILs. Endeavors to improve ion
transport in polyILs urgently need in-depth insights of ion transport in polyILs. As
such in the work we compared ion transport in poly
(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate) (poly
([BVIM]-[BF4])) polyIL and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]-[BF4]) IL. The diffusivities of
ions in the polyIL and IL were measured and computed. According to the results of
the molecular dynamics simulations performed, in the IL the coupling motion between
an anion and the ions around determines the ion diffusivities, and the ion
association lifetime gives the time scale of ion transport. But in the polyIL, the
hopping of an anion among cages composed of cationic branch chains determines the
diffusivity, and the associated anion transport time scale is the trap time, which
is the time when an anion is caught inside a cage, not the ion association lifetime,
as Mogurampelly et al. regarded. The calculation
results of average displacements (ADs) of the polyIL chains show that, besides free
volume fraction, average amplitudes of the oscillation of chains and chain
translation speed lead to various diffusivities at various temperatures.
Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerges at early stage of in vitro differentiation of a putative hepatocyte progenitor
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguilera Jesús Rafael , Ecsedi Szilvia , Goldsmith Chloe , Cros Marie-Pierre , Domínguez-López Mariana , Guerrero-Celis Nuria , Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca Rebeca , Chemin Isabelle , Recillas-Targa Félix , Chagoya de Sánchez Victoria , Hernández-Vargas Héctor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA basic question linked to differential patterns of gene expression is how cells reach different fates despite using the same DNA template. Since 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerged as an intermediate metabolite in active DNA demethylation, there have been increasing efforts to elucidate its function as a stable modification of the genome, including a role in establishing such tissue-specific patterns of expression. Recently we described TET1-mediated enrichment of 5hmC on the promoter region of the master regulator of hepatocyte identity, HNF4A, which precedes differentiation of liver adult progenitor cells in vitro. Here, we studied the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC at early in vitro differentiation of human hepatocyte-like cells. We found a global increase in 5hmC as well as a drop in 5-methylcytosine after one week of in vitro differentiation from bipotent progenitors, at a time when the liver transcript program is already established. 5hmC was overall higher at the bodies of overexpressed genes. Furthermore, by modifying the metabolic environment, an adenosine derivative prevents 5hmC enrichment and impairs the acquisition of hepatic identity markers. These results suggest that 5hmC could be a marker of cell identity, as well as a useful biomarker in conditions associated with cell de-differentiation such as liver malignancies.
Automatically Enhanced OCT Scans of the Retina: A proof of concept study
Authors: Apostolopoulos Stefanos , Salas Jazmín , Ordóñez José L. P. , Tan Shern Shiou , Ciller Carlos , Ebneter Andreas , Zinkernagel Martin , Sznitman Raphael , Wolf Sebastian , De Zanet Sandro , Munk Marion R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work we evaluated a postprocessing, customized automatic retinal OCT B-scan enhancement software for noise reduction, contrast enhancement and improved depth quality applicable to Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis OCT devices. A trained deep neural network was used to process images from an OCT dataset with ground truth biomarker gradings. Performance was assessed by the evaluation of two expert graders who evaluated image quality for B-scan with a clear preference for enhanced over original images. Objective measures such as SNR and noise estimation showed a significant improvement in quality. Presence grading of seven biomarkers IRF, SRF, ERM, Drusen, RPD, GA and iRORA resulted in similar intergrader agreement. Intergrader agreement was also compared with improvement in IRF and RPD, and disagreement in high variance biomarkers such as GA and iRORA.
Aluminium in human brain tissue from donors without neurodegenerative disease: A comparison with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and autism
Authors: Exley Christopher , Clarkson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA burgeoning number of studies are demonstrating aluminium in human brain tissue. While research has both quantified and imaged aluminium in human brain tissue in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disease there are few similar data for brain tissue from non-neurologically impaired donors. We have used microwave assisted acid digestion and transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to measure aluminium in twenty brains from donors without recognisable neurodegenerative disease. The aluminium content of 191 tissue samples was invariably low with over 80% of tissues having an aluminium content below 1.0 μg/g dry weight of tissue. The data for these control tissues were compared with data (measured using identical procedures) for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, familial Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis. Detailed statistical analyses showed that aluminium was significantly increased in each of these disease groups compared to control tissues. We have confirmed previous conclusions that the aluminium content of brain tissue in Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis is significantly elevated. Further research is required to understand the role played by high levels of aluminium in the aetiology of human neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disease.
Pemafibrate, a selective PPARα modulator, prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development without reducing the hepatic triglyceride content
Authors: Sasaki Yusuke , Asahiyama Masato , Tanaka Toshiya , Yamamoto Shogo , Murakami Kentaro , Kamiya Wakana , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Osawa Tsuyoshi , Anai Motonobu , Fruchart Jean-Charles , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Sakai Juro , Kodama Tatsuhiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by macrovesicular steatosis with ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, diffused lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. PPAR ligands are promising therapeutic agents in NASH; accordingly, we evaluated the effects of the first clinically available selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate. We found that pemafibrate improves F4/80-positive macrophage accumulation, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score without affecting triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver of a mouse model of NASH (STAM). A global gene expression analysis indicated that pemafibrate enhances TG hydrolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation as well as re-esterification from dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate and monoacylglycerol to TG. These changes are accompanied by the induction of genes involved in lipolysis and lipid droplet formation, along with an increased number and reduced size of lipid droplets in pemafibrate-treated livers. Pemafibrate reduced the expression of the cell adhesion molecule Vcam-1, myeloid cell markers, and inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes in STAM mice. Furthermore, pemafibrate significantly reduced VCAM-1 expression induced by high glucose in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that pemafibrate prevents NASH development by reducing myeloid cell recruitment via interactions with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, without altering hepatic TG accumulation.
Estimating global mean sea-level rise and its uncertainties by 2100 and 2300 from an expert survey
Authors: Horton Benjamin P. , Khan Nicole S. , Cahill Niamh , Lee Janice S. H. , Shaw Timothy A. , Garner Andra J. , Kemp Andrew C. , Engelhart Simon E. , Rahmstorf Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSea-level rise projections and knowledge of their uncertainties are vital to make informed mitigation and adaptation decisions. To elicit projections from members of the scientific community regarding future global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise, we repeated a survey originally conducted five years ago. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, 106 experts projected a likely (central 66% probability) GMSL rise of 0.30–0.65 m by 2100, and 0.54–2.15 m by 2300, relative to 1986–2005. Under RCP 8.5, the same experts projected a likely GMSL rise of 0.63–1.32 m by 2100, and 1.67–5.61 m by 2300. Expert projections for 2100 are similar to those from the original survey, although the projection for 2300 has extended tails and is higher than the original survey. Experts give a likelihood of 42% (original survey) and 45% (current survey) that under the high-emissions scenario GMSL rise will exceed the upper bound (0.98 m) of the likely range estimated by the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is considered to have an exceedance likelihood of 17%. Responses to open-ended questions suggest that the increases in upper-end estimates and uncertainties arose from recent influential studies about the impact of marine ice cliff instability on the meltwater contribution to GMSL rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Parameter tuning differentiates granule cell subtypes enriching transmission properties at the cerebellum input stage
Authors: Masoli Stefano , Tognolina Marialuisa , Laforenza Umberto , Moccia Francesco , D’Angelo Egidio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) are classically described as a homogeneous neuronal population discharging regularly without adaptation. We show that GrCs in fact generate diverse response patterns to current injection and synaptic activation, ranging from adaptation to acceleration of firing. Adaptation was predicted by parameter optimization in detailed computational models based on available knowledge on GrC ionic channels. The models also predicted that acceleration required additional mechanisms. We found that yet unrecognized TRPM4 currents specifically accounted for firing acceleration and that adapting GrCs outperformed accelerating GrCs in transmitting high-frequency mossy fiber (MF) bursts over a background discharge. This implied that GrC subtypes identified by their electroresponsiveness corresponded to specific neurotransmitter release probability values. Simulations showed that fine-tuning of pre- and post-synaptic parameters generated effective MF-GrC transmission channels, which could enrich the processing of input spike patterns and enhance spatio-temporal recoding at the cerebellar input stage.