bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure effects on shear deformation of borosilicate glasses
Authors: Lee Kuo‐Hao , Yang Yongjian , Ding Linfeng , Ziebarth Benedikt , Davis Mark J. , Mauro John C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe shear behaviors of two multicomponent borosilicate glasses, Borofloat®33 (Boro33) and N‐BK7® (N‐BK7), under different pressures are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The addition of alkali ions lowers the yield stress and changes the pressure dependence of shear modulus. Shear‐induced densification is observed in both glasses. It is found that the decreases of the oxygen‐centered bond angle and the coordination number change of B are responsible for the density changes at low pressures, and the increase of 5‐coordinated Si is the dominant mechanism for densification at high pressures. The average shear stresses experienced by Si and B decrease with pressure except that the flow stress of Si at the end of shear deformation in N‐BK7. Moreover, the average shear stress of B is more sensitive to the applied pressures compared to Si, suggesting that B is able to relax mechanical stress more easily under pressurized‐shear. By analyzing the nonaffine displacement of atoms, it is found that N‐BK7 exhibits more localized plastic deformation compared to Boro33 at low pressures and the local rearrangements in both glasses become more homogeneous with increasing pressure. The mean squared nonaffine displacement curves show that alkali ions have the highest mobility induced by shear compared to the network formers and B is more mobile than Si for both glasses. We also observed that plastic deformation tends to take place around boron atoms for Boro33, whereas it occurs in the alkali‐rich regions for N‐BK7, indicating that these two glasses have different atomic‐scale deformation mechanisms.
Experiencing, caring, coping: Vested interest mediates the effect of past experience on coping behaviors in environmental risk contexts
Authors: De Dominicis Stefano , Ganucci Cancellieri Uberta , Crano William D. , Stancu Alexandra , Bonaiuto Marino 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial psychology provides a treasure‐trove of insights into adaptations that may limit the devastating effects of climate change. Vested Interest Theory may contribute to this knowledge base, suggesting that one's vested interest may significantly influence appropriate coping behaviors, as it is has been shown to enhance the relation between attitudes and self‐relevant behaviors. The theory's utility is investigated in an environmental risk context. Here, we replicate previous research findings showing that citizens in high‐risk areas perceived higher risk and stronger intentions to cope with it when vested interest perceptions were salient. Furthermore, the current studies investigate the behavioral effect of vested interest on coping with an environmental risk (flooding): results showed that vested interest significantly mediated the past experience–coping behaviors relationship. In Study 1’s mediation analysis (Rome and Vibo Valentia, Italy, N = 466), past experience of flood risk enhanced vested interest in flood risk, which in turn increased volunteering for flood prevention activities, thereby mitigating risk. In Study 2 (N = 391), the same mediation effect was replicated in the Timis region, a high flood risk area in western Romania. These results shed light on literature inconsistencies on this topic, providing insights for the theoretical understanding of the relationship between past experience of a given risk and related coping behaviors, possibly shedding light to the risk perception paradox. These insights may drive effective intervention strategies to enhance people's behavioral coping with environmental risks.
ATP citrate lyase inhibitor triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis
Authors: Zheng Yihu , Zhou Qingqing , Zhao Chang , Li Junjian , Yu Zhengping , Zhu Qiandong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme in the metabolic reprogramming of many cancers, is widely expressed in various mammalian tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of ACLY and its inhibitor BMS‐303141 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, ACLY was highly expressed in HCC tissues, especially in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, but was down‐regulated in Hep3B and HCC‐LM3 cells. Besides, ACLY knockdown inhibited HepG2 proliferation and clone formation, while opposite result was noticed in HCC‐LM3 cells with ACLY overexpression. Moreover, ACLY knockdown impeded the migration and invasion abilities of HepG2 cells. Similarly, BMS‐303141 suppressed HepG2 and Huh‐7 cell proliferation. The p‐eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP p‐IRE1α, sXBP1 and p‐PERK were activated in HepG2 cells stimulated by BMS‐303141. In cells where ER stress was induced, ATF4 was involved in BMS‐303141‐mediated cell death procession, and ATF4 knockdown reduced HCC cell apoptosis stimulated by BMS‐303141. In a mouse xenograft model, combined treatment with BMS‐303141 and sorafenib reduced HepG2 tumour volume and weight. In addition, ACLY expression was associated with HCC metastasis and tumour‐node‐metastases staging. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that overall survival was lower in HCC patients with high ACLY expression; AFP level, TNM staging, tumour size and ACLY expression level were independent risk factors affecting their overall survival. In conclusion, ACLY might represent a promising target in which BMS‐303141 could induce ER stress and activate p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis to promote apoptosis of HCC cells, and synergized with sorafenib to enhance the efficacy of HCC treatment.
Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning for prediction of oral cancer risk
Authors: Alhazmi Anwar , Alhazmi Yaser , Makrami Ali , Masmali Amal , Salawi Nourah , Masmali Khulud , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer requires early diagnosis and treatment to increase the chances of survival. This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network model that helps to predict the individuals' risk of developing oral cancer based on data on risk factors, systematic medical condition, and clinic‐pathological features.MethodsA popular data mining algorithm artificial neural network was used for developing the artificial intelligence‐based prediction model. A total of 29 variables that were associated with the patients were used for developing the model. The dataset was randomly split into the training dataset 54 (75%) cases and testing dataset 19 (25%) cases. All records and observations were reviewed by Board‐certified oral pathologist.ResultsA total of 73 patients met the eligibility criteria. Twenty‐two (30.13%) were benign cases, and 51 (69.86%) were malignant cases. Thirty‐seven were female, and 36 were male, with a mean age of 63.09 years. Our analysis displayed that the average sensitivity and specificity of ANN for oral cancer prediction based on the 10‐fold cross‐validation analysis was 85.71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.19‐98.22) and 60.00% (95% CI, 14.66‐94.73), respectively. The accuracy of ANN for oral cancer prediction was 78.95% (95% CI, 54.43‐931.95).ConclusionOur results suggest that this machine‐learning technique has the potential to help in oral cancer screening and diagnosis based on the datasets. The results demonstrate that the artificial neural network could perform well in estimating the probability of malignancy and improve the positive predictive value that could help to predict the individuals' risk of developing OC based on knowledge of their risk factors, systemic medical conditions, and clinic‐pathological data.
Dietary Echinacea purpurea administration enhanced egg laying performance, serum lipid profile, antioxidant status and semen quality in duck breeders during summer season
Authors: Awad Awad , Fahim Hany , El‐Shhat Abd El‐Ghany , Mahrose Khalid , Shazly Soheir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work investigated the outcomes of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea (EP) powder to breeder ducks on productive and reproductive performance during summer season. Sudani ducks (320 birds) of 32‐weeks‐old (240 females and 80 males) were randomly allocated into four collections (body weight; 1850 ± 15.2 g for females and 2960.0 ± 40.5 g for males). The primary collection consumed the basal diet without supplementation and was deliberated as control. The other three collections were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5.00 and 7.5 g EP/kg diet, correspondingly. Egg number and mass, laying rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly changed by dietary EP levels. Drakes fed EP‐supplemented diets had higher ejaculate volume, sperms concentration and live sperms (%) as well as lower dead sperms (%) than the control group. Eggs laid by ducks fed diet supplemented with 2.5 g/kg had the greatest fertility and hatchability percentages, followed by those fed 5.0 g EP/kg. Ducks fed different EP diets had higher values of haemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs and lymphocytes, lower values of heterophils percentage and lower H/L ratio than the control. All serum constituents were significantly changed by dietary EP supplementation, except of total protein and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme. Conclusively, dietary EP supplementation at 2.5 g/kg had beneficial effects on productive and reproductive performance as well as lipid profile and antioxidant status and economically valued in breeder ducks under summer conditions.
Morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new Azadinium strains revealed a high diversity of non‐toxigenic species of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) including two new Azadinium species in Irish waters, North East Atlantic
Authors: Salas Rafael , Tillmann Urban , Gu Haifeng , Wietkamp Stephan , Krock Bernd , Clarke Dave 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYShellfish contamination with azaspiracids (AZA), which are lipophilic marine biotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, is a major and recurrent problem for the Irish shellfish industry. AZA are produced by certain species of Amphidomataceae, but the species diversity of this group of microalgae in Irish waters is poorly known. Here we present a morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new strains of non‐toxigenic Azadinium isolated on an oceanographic survey in 2018. A lack of AZA production for all strains presented here was demonstrated by LC‐MS/MS analysis. One strain of Azadinium caudatum var. margalefii (first strain for the area) confirmed non‐toxigenicity of Atlantic populations of this species. One strain designated as Azadinium cf. zhuanum was similar to Az. zhuanum described from China but differed from the type strain in nucleus position, by the dominant number of apical plates, and by significant differences in rRNA gene sequences. Finally, two new non‐toxigenic Azadinium species are described from the North East Atlantic: Azadinium galwayense sp. nov. and Azadinium perfusorium sp. nov. Azadinium galwayense differed from other Azadinium by a characteristic combination regarding presence and location of the ventral pore (vp; on the right side of the pore plate), of a pyrenoid (located in the episome), and by a pentagonal shape of the median anterior intercalary plate 2a, and lack of contact between plates 1″ and 1a. Azadinium perfusorium shared the same vp position as Az. galwayense and differed by a characteristic combination of a pyrenoid located in the hyposome, a tetragonal shape of plate 2a, and a relatively large size of the two lateral anterior intercalary plates. Molecular phylogeny confirmed the distinctiveness of these two new species and their placement in Azadinium. The present findings significantly increased knowledge on the diversity of Azadinium species in the North East Atlantic.
The effects of external shocks on the business cycle in China: A structural change perspective
Authors: Murach Michael , Wagner Helmut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of external shocks on the business cycle in China and its sectors (agriculture, industry, and services) in terms of real GDP growth using several small‐dimensional VAR models with Cholesky identification for the period 1996–2014. We show that China—in particular its industrial sector—is susceptible to shocks, which can be related to a trade channel, a financial channel, and a confidence channel of business cycle transmission from major trading partner countries to the Chinese economy. We build on the previous literature by explicitly focusing on the response of the Chinese economy at the sectoral level and investigating the presence of confidence channels by analyzing the reaction in Chinese business and consumer confidence. If interpreted from the perspective of ongoing structural change and rebalancing in China, our findings can be interpreted as the result of a still very dominant industrial sector, and a previously export‐ and investment‐driven growth model. Tertiarization in China could be one way of increasing the economy's future resilience to external shocks. However, the future structure of both the industrial and service sectors may be very decisive.
Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulations of Axial Turbine Rim Sealing
Authors: Palermo Donato M. , Gao Feng , Amirante Dario , Chew John W. , Bru Revert Anna , Beard Paul F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents wall-modeled large-eddy simulations (WMLES) of a chute-type turbine rim seal. Configurations with an axisymmetric annulus flow and with nozzle guide vanes fitted (but without rotor blades) are considered. The passive scalar concentration solution and WMLES are validated against available data in the literature for uniform convection and a rotor–stator cavity flow. The WMLES approach is shown to be effective, giving significant improvements over an eddy viscosity turbulence model, in prediction of rim seal effectiveness compared to research rig measurements. WMLES requires considerably less computational time than wall-resolved LES, and has the potential for extension to engine conditions. All WMLES solutions show rotating inertial waves in the chute seal. Good agreement between WMLES and measurements for sealing effectiveness in the configuration without vanes is found. For cases with vanes fitted, the WMLES simulation shows less ingestion than the measurements, and possible reasons are discussed.
The wish to die and hastening death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A scoping review
Authors: Erdmann Anke , Spoden Celia , Hirschberg Irene , Neitzke Gerald 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develops into a life-threatening condition 2 to 4 years after the onset of symptoms. Although many people with the disease decide in favour of life-sustaining measures, thoughts about hastening death are not uncommon.ObjectivesOur aim was to examine the scope of literature on the wish to die in ALS and provide an insight into determinants and motives for different end-of-life options.MethodsWe searched eight databases for English and German publications on death wishes in ALS for the period from 2008 to 2018 and updated the search up to May 2020. After the screening process, 213 full texts were included for the final analysis. We analysed the texts in MAXQDA, using deductively and inductively generated codes.ResultsWe identified end-of-life considerations, ranging from wishes to die without hastening death, to options with the possibility or intention of hastening death. Besides physical impairment, especially psychosocial factors, socio-demographic status and socio-cultural context have a great impact on decisions for life-shortening options. There is huge variation in the motives and determinants for end-of-life considerations between individuals, different societies, healthcare and legal systems.ConclusionsFor a variety of reasons, the information and counselling provided on different options for sustaining life or hastening death is often incomplete and insufficient. Since the motives and determinants for the wish to hasten death are extremely diverse, healthcare professionals should investigate the reasons, meaning and strength of the desire to die to detect unmet needs and examine which interventions are appropriate in each individual case.
Provenance matters: variability under saline stress in young plants of four populations of aProsopis(mesquite) species from dry forests of Argentina
Authors: Venier P. , Funes G. , Teich I. , López Lauenstein D. , Lascano R. 
Published: January 2021

The planting of native perennial woody species tolerant to variable salt concentrations can facilitate the recovery of degraded dry forests. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare, under experimentally controlled conditions, the response to saline of young plants from four provenances of Prosopis alba, a mesquite species useful for restoration plans. The seeds of P. alba were from different localities of the Chaco region of Argentina (Santiago del Estero, Chaco, Formosa, and Salta). The plants were evaluated for 45 days under greenhouse-controlled growth conditions in the presence of 0, 100, and 300 mmol·L−1NaCl. We measured variables associated with growth, photosynthesis, and redox state. The imposed salt stress condition did not cause plant death in any provenance. However, salinity produced a strong effect on growth and physiological variables of all provenances. Salta provenance was associated with higher net values of biomass and stem diameter. Chaco registered the greatest relative values of height and stem diameter, indicating a higher salinity tolerance than the other provenances. Chaco also produced more antioxidants to cope with the oxidative stress associated with saline stress. Chaco and Salta provenances may be the most promising for use in restoration plans of dry forests in areas with saline soils in the Chaco region. We emphasize the importance of using different provenances in forest restoration for a more successful system recovery.
Improved Alternated Charting Statistic Multi-Attribute Control Chart to Identify Process Deterioration
Authors: Gadre M. P. , Venegurkar Savita S. 
Published: January 2021

Leoni and Costa [R. C. Leoni and A. F. B. Costa, Monitoring bivariate and trivariate mean vectors with a Shewhart chart, Quality Reliab. Eng. Int. 33 (2017) 2035–2042] developed the ‘Alternated Charting Statistic’ (ACS) control chart to control the mean vector of a bivariate and trivariate processes and verified that the chart is easier to operate and faster than the classical Hotelling’s [Formula: see text] chart in signaling changes in the mean vector. Gadre and Rattihalli [M. P. Gadre and R. N. Rattihalli, Some group inspection based multi-attribute control charts to identify process deterioration, Econ. Quality Control 20(2) (2005) 191–204] developed some multi-attribute control charts for process deterioration. For bivariate processes, Gadre and Venegurkar [M. P. Gadre and S. S. Venegurkar, Multi-attribute control chart to identify process deterioration, Submitted to Journal of Indian Statistical Association (JISA) (*) after a minor revision] developed ‘Alternated Charting Statistic Multi Attribute control chart for number of defectives in a sample of size [Formula: see text]’ (ACS-MA-np) chart. For multi-attribute processes, here, we propose a control chart by using the ACS along with the test procedure related to the exact distributions of the number of defectives in multi-attribute cases. It is illustrated that the developed control chart is efficient to the related available control charts.
Spin Induced Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetization
Authors: Yıldız Gökçen Dikici , Yıldız Yasin Göktürk , Şarlı Numan 
Published: January 2021

Quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) of the spin-1/2 Vanadium-15 (V[Formula: see text] single molecular magnets (SMMs) is investigated by means of the effective field theory developed by Kaneyoshi. We deal with the two hexagon layers (shell, V[Formula: see text] and one triangular interlayer (core, V[Formula: see text] with the spin-1/2 Ising particles. We find that the V[Formula: see text] has a normal ferromagnetic hysteresis behavior for its all spins are up (parallel). However, V[Formula: see text] has a staircase-like hysteresis behavior that is the signature of the QTM for the spin-down orientation (antiparallel) of the core. QTM appears with the splitting of the magnetizations versus temperature ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and external field ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curves. Namely, QTM occurs from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] in the core, from +[Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] in the shell (only [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curves at [Formula: see text] 0.1) and from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] in the total V[Formula: see text]. By considering these different splitting behaviors of the magnetizations of the shell, core and total [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we suggest three different kinds of QTM: 1-ferromagnetic QTM (FMQTM) at [Formula: see text] for the shell, 2-antiferromagnetic QTM (AFMQTM) at [Formula: see text] for the core and 3-paramagnetic QTM (PMQTM) at [Formula: see text] for the shell, core and total V[Formula: see text] SMM. Moreover, it is found that there is a relationship between the QTM and type II and surface superconductivity. The EFT results of QTM in V[Formula: see text] are in good agreement with the other theoretical and experimental results of the V[Formula: see text] and other SMMs.
Petr4: formal foundations for p4 data planes
Authors: Doenges Ryan , Arashloo Mina Tahmasbi , Bautista Santiago , Chang Alexander , Ni Newton , Parkinson Samwise , Peterson Rudy , Solko-Breslin Alaia , Xu Amanda , Foster Nate 
Published: January 2021

P4 is a domain-specific language for programming and specifying packet-processing systems. It is based on an elegant design with high-level abstractions like parsers and match-action pipelines that can be compiled to efficient implementations in software or hardware. Unfortunately, like many industrial languages, P4 has developed without a formal foundation. The P4 Language Specification is a 160-page document with a mixture of informal prose, graphical diagrams, and pseudocode, leaving many aspects of the language semantics up to individual compilation targets. The P4 reference implementation is a complex system, running to over 40KLoC of C++ code, with support for only a few targets. Clearly neither of these artifacts is suitable for formal reasoning about P4 in general.
This paper presents a new framework, called Petr4, that puts P4 on a solid foundation. Petr4 consists of a clean-slate definitional interpreter and a core calculus that models a fragment of P4. Petr4 is not tied to any particular target: the interpreter is parameterized over an interface that collects features delegated to targets in one place, while the core calculus overapproximates target-specific behaviors using non-determinism.
We have validated the interpreter against a suite of over 750 tests from the P4 reference implementation, exercising our target interface with tests for different targets. We validated the core calculus with a proof of type-preserving termination. While developing Petr4, we reported dozens of bugs in the language specification and the reference implementation, many of which have been fixed.