bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver reliability of measures of the Welfare Quality® animal welfare assessment protocol for sows and piglets
Authors: Friedrich L , Krieter J , Kemper N , Czycholl I 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the interobserver reliability of the measures forming the Welfare Quality® animal welfare assessment protocol for sows and piglets. The study was carried out at nine farms in Northern Germany. Two trained observers evaluated identical animals simultaneously but independently in 40 joint farm visits. Interobserver reliability was calculated at individual animal level using Cohen's kappa, weighted kappa and the prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) and at farm level using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (RS), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC) and limits of agreement (LoA). While a direct comparison of the adjectives of the qualitative behaviour assessment showed poor interobserver reliability, a Principal Component Analysis detected good interobserver reliability. The assessment of social and exploratory behaviours showed acceptable interobserver reliability, while the assessment of stereotypies displayed good interobserver reliability. The human-animal relationship test showed only poor interobserver reliability at individual animal and farm levels. In most cases, measures of health and physical state assessed in sows and piglets exhibited acceptable or good interobserver reliability. In conclusion, after some measures are revised, particularly those examining the human-animal relationship, the Welfare Quality® protocol for sows and piglets will represent a reliable approach in terms of interobserver reliability to assess the welfare of sows and piglets.
L’économie morale des rémunérations : une comparaison France-Québec des rhétoriques de justice salariale d’enseignants
Authors: Moulin Stéphane 
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose un cadre théorique pluraliste d’analyse de l’économie morale des rémunérations afin d’examiner les jugements de justice salariale que portent les enseignants québécois et français. La question générale de recherche est la suivante : Quelles sont les rhétoriques mobilisées pour justifier des avantages salariaux et pour dénoncer des injustices?
Théoriquement, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse selon lequel les acteurs construisent des rhétoriques de justice en combinant quatre normes particulières (droits, besoins, investissements et marché) à deux principes premiers (égalité et différenciation). Notre cadre permet d’abord de tenir compte de la hiérarchisation des normes, des plus égalisatrices aux plus différenciatrices. De plus, notre cadre systématise l’idée de malléabilité instrumentale des normes, les normes de droits et de besoins pouvant être perverties dans une orientation différenciatrice et la norme du marché subvertie dans une orientation égalisatrice.
Méthodologiquement, nous analysons des témoignages électroniques d’enseignants de la France et du Québec, du niveau primaire à l’enseignement supérieur. L’intérêt heuristique du corpus tient, d’une part, au fait qu’elle permet d’inclure des salariés dont les régimes de rémunération sont inégaux et, d’autre part, à la comparaison des deux contextes nationaux. Nous explorons tant les thèmes de justifications salariales que les champs sémantiques des justifications et des dénonciations.
L’analyse nous conduit à confirmer la mobilisation par les enseignants d’une pluralité de rhétoriques de perception de l’injustice. Nous dégageons un continuum hiérarchisé de logiques de perceptions de l’injustice : les enseignants ont d’autant plus tendance à mobiliser des normes différenciatrices qu’ils sont élevés dans la hiérarchie salariale statutaire. L’analyse empirique permet également de dégager l’existence de rhétoriques spécifiques aux deux espaces nationaux étudiés. Ces dernières correspondent à des usages subversifs du marché ou pervertis des principes de droits ou de besoins. Enfin, nous montrons que les enseignants les plus privilégiés pervertissent les normes du droit et du besoin pour préserver leurs avantages.
La politisation des jeunes et le fonctionnement associatif : exemples de deux associations locales faiblement institutionnalisées
Authors: Loncle Patricia , Martin Céline 
Published: July 2020

Afin de comprendre les modalités concrètes de politisation collective des jeunes, le présent article s’intéresse au fonctionnement concret de projets associatifs pilotés soit exclusivement soit majoritairement par des jeunes. Pour ce faire sont étudiées deux associations locales faiblement institutionnalisées accueillant des publics réputés éloignés de l’engagement public : des jeunes en insertion sociale et professionnelle et des demandeurs d’asile. Le projet s’appuie sur les données qualitatives variées issues d’une recherche comparative concernant la participation des jeunes au niveau local dans huit villes européennes. La première partie de l’article est dédiée aux relations qui s’établissent au sein des deux associations entre bénévoles et bénéficiaires, et donc à l’idéal démocratique interne qu’elles révèlent (ou non). La deuxième partie propose une analyse des processus de politisation externes et des formes d’interpellation du système politique local par ces petites organisations. L’analyse comparée de ces deux associations permet, dans la discussion, de dégager des éléments de portée plus générale sur les conditions de politisation des associations locales de jeunes.
Identification of potential biomarkers and their clinical significance in gastric cancer using bioinformatics analysis methods
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhou Miao , Ouyang Yangyang , Du Laifeng , Xu Lingbo , Li Hongyun 
Published: July 2020

Background
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism for regulating gene expression and proteome diversity. Tumor-alternative splicing can reveal a large class of new splicing-associated potential new antigens that may affect the immune response and can be used for immunotherapy.

Methods
The RNA-seq transcriptome data and clinical information of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database data portal, and data of splicing events were obtained from the SpliceSeq database. Predicting genes were validated by Asian cancer research group (ACRG) cohort and Oncomine database. RT-qPCR was used to analysis the expression of ECT2 in STAD.

Results
A total of 32,166 AS events were identified, among which 2,042 AS events were significantly associated with patients survival. Biological pathway analysis indicated that these genes play an important role in regulating gastric cancer-related processes such as GTPase activity and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Next, we derived a risk signature, using alternate acceptor, that is an independent prognostic marker. Moreover, high ECT2 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in STAD. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that high ECT2 expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that high ECT2 expression was enriched for hallmarks of malignant tumors. The ACRG cohort and Oncomine also showed that high ECT2 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, RT-qPCR showed ECT2 expression was higher in STAD compared to the normal tissues.

Conclusion
This study excavated the alternative splicing events in gastric cancer, and found ECT2 might be a biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Predictive values of stool-based tests for mucosal healing among Taiwanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Yen Hsu-Heng , Chen Mei-Wen , Chang Yu-Yao , Huang Hsuan-Yuan , Hsu Tsui-Chun , Chen Yang-Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose
Over the past two decades, ulcerative colitis (UC) has emerged in the Asia Pacific area, and its treatment goal has shifted from symptom relief to endoscopic remission. Endoscopy is the gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing; however, it is an invasive method. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive stool-based inflammatory marker which has been used to monitor mucosal healing status, but it is expensive. By contrast, the immune fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is a widely utilized stool-based screening tool for colorectal cancer. In this study, we compared the predictive values of iFOBT and FC for mucosal healing in Taiwanese patients with UC.

Methods
A total of 50 patients with UC identified via the electronic clinical database of Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan, were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to July 2019. Results of iFOBT, FC level, and blood tests as well as Mayo scores were reviewed and analyzed. Colonic mucosa was evaluated using the endoscopic Mayo subscore.

Results
The average age of the patients was 46 years, and 62% of the patients were men. Disease distribution was as follows: E1 (26%), E2 (40%), and E3 (34%). Complete mucosal healing (Mayo score = 0) was observed in 30% of patients. Endoscopic mucosal healing with a Mayo score of 0 or 1 was observed in 62% of the patients. Results of FC and iFOBT were compared among patients with and without mucosal healing. Predictive cutoff values were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics curves. iFOBT and FC had similar area under the curve for both complete mucosal healing (0.813 vs. 0.769, respectively, p = 0.5581) and endoscopic mucosal healing (0.906 vs. 0.812, respectively, p = 0.1207).

Conclusion
In daily clinical practice, FC and iFOBT do not differ in terms of predictive values for mucosal healing among Taiwanese patients with UC.
Congregations of a threatened species: mitigating impacts from Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus camps on the Batemans Bay community
Authors: Mo Matthew , Roache Mike , Lenson Deb , Thomson Heidi , Jarvis Mitchell , Foster Natalie , Radford Angie , Oliver Lorraine , Oliver Damon L. , Bentley Joss 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Flying-fox camps in urban areas are a contentious wildlife management issue. Since 2012, Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus have regularly occupied two camps in Batemans Bay, New South Wales (NSW). At one site, the Water Gardens, impacts on adjacent residents and businesses occur when animals roost near the reserve boundaries. During March–July 2016, a large influx of flying-foxes arrived, causing the camps to spread into neighbouring residential, recreational and industrial areas. Prior to this, impacts had been mitigated through vegetation clearing to create buffer zones and residential subsidies for mitigation equipment and services. The influx warranted additional measures such as a dispersal program and further vegetation removal, which were expedited by the Commonwealth Government granting a National Interest Exemption under section 158 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the NSW Government committing $2.5 million in funding towards the new measures. These measures moved flying-foxes from key conflict areas but also coincided with flying-fox numbers reducing as local blossom diminished. Ongoing community engagement played an important role in building community resilience to live with this threatened species, which is vital considering that Batemans Bay will likely continue to be an important area for flying-foxes.
A Painful Shoulder Revealing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Ranaivo N. A. R. , Narison M. L. Rakotomahefa , Bemena M. , Raobijaona S. H. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic proliferative disease. It is a rare disease that can affects all tissues. Evolution can be spontaneously favorable. Multi-organ involvement may be life-threatening. We report the case of an toddler with bone lesion and issues.
Case Report: It was a 33-month-old infant with right shoulder pain. Clinically, she had a swelling in the front side of the right shoulder with a limited abduction. X-ray of the right shoulder showed osteolysis with an irregular boundary of the right humeral head. The blood work was normal. In view of the painful swelling of the right shoulder, a biopsy was performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans histiocytosis. A conservative treatment was decided after a multidisciplinary consultation meeting. After six months, spontaneous improvement was noted.
Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a proliferative pathology that can affect one or more organs. The clinical presentation is polymorphic according to the affected organ. An extension assessment is fundamental in the management in order to determine the treatment.
Prevention and Control Measures and Effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, China
Authors: Kun Gao , Hong Liu , Yonglin Liu , Qiang Wang , Zhenliang Qiao , Fuyong Jiao 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Shenmu City.
Methods: Retrospective analysis and review of our hospital after the outbreak of COVID-19 prevention and control program, response measures and management procedures and other aspects of the deployment.
Results: In the 86 days up to April 15, 2020, there were 7,843 pre-diagnosis and triage patients, among which 707 were high-risk group, 3,140 were general population and 3,996 were key population. 992 patients were treated in COVID-19 clinics, 2 suspected cases were reported and 89 were kept under observation. 5, 351 visits in general fever clinics; 89 cases were hospitalized in isolation ward, including 2 suspected cases. COVID-19 was discharged after improvement.
Conclusion: Initial progress has been made in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19 has not been reported in the whole city. It shows that effective prevention and control strategies are of great significance for achieving the goal of "three zeros" (zero infection, zero spread and zero death), and are worth learning and promoting.
Assessment of Surface Water Contamination by Heavy Metals Due to Agricultural Practices in the Northern Part of Burkina Faso
Authors: Maïga Yaleu Stéphanie Batchakoue- , Hahiou Abitalib Djibo , Guel Boubié 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in the surface water of the Sub-catchment Barrage of Tougou for which water comes mainly from agricultural activities.
Place and Duration of Study: A total of 73 water samples were taken at the inflow of the water body and at several points located on the water body, from August to October 2019.
Methodology: Water samples were characterized for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-). Heavy metals were analyzed using a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210.
Results: The EC range was between 27.45 and 53.90 µS/cm with an average pH of 6.4. Nitrate (NO3-) was the most abundant anion in the water (39.70 mg / L) and phosphates (PO43-) were present in very small quantities (0.34 mg / L). The results showed very low concentrations of Pb and Cd, below 5 µg / L and below 2 µg / L, respectively. The concentrations of As, Mn and Zn in the water were 2.8 µg / L, 13.2 µg / L and 9.8 µg / L, respectively. Agricultural practices do not have a significant effect on surface waters. The concentrations of heavy metals analyzed in the water were lower than the standards established by the World Health Organization for drinking water quality.
Conclusion: This information, certainly important, does not allow us to conclude on the risk of the consumption of this water on human health. Further studies should be conducted on this water body to evaluate the potential risk for public health and to examine the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, because it is known that sediments have a high absorption capacity for heavy metals and are then considered the main target for water purification related to heavy metals.
Subjective versus Objective Assessment of Short Term Occupational Stress: Bias and Analysis of Self-Assessment of High Stress Levels
Authors: Alekhine Philippe Fauquet- , Rouillac Laetitia , Granry Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Experiments undertaken with two professions (engineers and anesthesiologists) have shown the possible overestimation of perceived stress by subjects when self-assessing stress through questionnaires for high levels of acute stress. Previous analyses having demonstrated that the overestimation was effective, the present study aimed at analyzing a possible effect due to professional traits.
Study Design: Data were compared with models of professional personality: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach, Holland’s theory of careers and vocational choice and the Five-Factor model of personality.
Place and Duration of Study: Data from previous studies were used: A sample of engineers working at the nuclear power plant of Chinon in France (published in 2014) and a sample of anesthesiologists working at the University Hospital of Angers, France (published in 2015).
Methodology: Anesthesiologists (N=11, 50% male, 25 to 35 years old) experienced a stress episode in an operating theater simulator. Engineers (N=8, 38% male, 25 to 35 years old) underwent a stress-test in their office. Heart rate was measured for each subject. Comparison was examined between the stress perceived by the subjects through the Post-traumatic Disorder Inventory and the expected levels of stress estimated using the heart rate data. Characterization of the difference was undertaken using models of professional personality.
Results: While a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach did not provide any relevant information, an approach based on Holland’s theory of careers and vocational choice and on the Five-Factor model of personality showed that overestimation of stress was linked with occupational preoccupations specific to the professions. Limitations, perspectives and scientific implications are discussed.
Conclusion: As a major recommendation for researchers, during experiments inducing high levels of acute stress, it is worth to consider the possibility to compare self-assessment of stress with physiological measurements in order to detect a possible overestimation of perceived stress.
Cellulose Nanofibrils Enhanced, Strong, Stretchable, Freezing‐Tolerant Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel for Multi‐Functional Sensors
Authors: Ye Yuhang , Zhang Yifan , Chen Yuan , Han Xiaoshuai , Jiang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo date, ionic conducting hydrogel attracts tremendous attention as an alternative to the conventional rigid metallic conductors in fabricating flexible devices, owing to their intrinsic characteristics. However, simultaneous realization of high stiffness, toughness, ionic conductivity, and freezing tolerance through a simple approach is still a challenge. Here, a novel highly stretchable (up to 660%), strong (up to 2.1 MPa), tough (5.25 MJ m−3), and transparent (up to 90%) ionic conductive (3.2 S m−1) organohydrogel is facilely fabricated, through sol–gel transition of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in dimethyl sulfoxide‐water solvent system. The ionic conductive organohydrogel presents superior freezing tolerance, remaining flexible and conductive (1.1 S m−1) even at −70 °C, as compared to the other reported anti‐freezing ionic conductive (organo)hydrogel. Notably, this material design demonstrates synergistic effect of CNFs in boosting both mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, tackling a long‐standing dilemma among strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity for the ionic conducting hydrogel. In addition, the organohydrogel displays high sensitivity toward both tensile and compressive deformation and based on which multi‐functional sensors are assembled to detect human body movement with high sensitivity, stability, and durability. This novel organohydrogel is envisioned to function as a versatile platform for multi‐functional sensors in the future.
Fabrication of Ordered Macro‐Microporous Single‐Crystalline MOF and Its Derivative Carbon Material for Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Qian , Dai Zhaowei , Wu Jiabin , Liu Wei , Di Tuo , Jiang Rui , Zheng Xue , Wang Weizhe , Ji Xinxin , Li Pan , Xu Zheheng , Qu Xiaopeng , Xu Zhimou , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBecause of their good performance in diffusion‐limited processes, ordered macro‐microporous single‐crystalline metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential for use in various fields. However, there are still very few reports of the synthesis of such MOFs. A general synthesis methodology for ordered macro‐microporous single‐crystalline MOFs is highly desired. Here, a novel strategy is reported for synthesizing single‐crystalline ordered macro‐microporous MOFs by monodentate‐ligand‐induced in situ crystallization within a 3D ordered hard template in a double‐solvent system. A space‐confined growth model is proposed to clarify the shaping effect of the template; the role of the monodentate ligand is also analyzed. Moreover, a carbon material derived from the macro‐microporous MOF inherits the ordered interconnected macroporous structure. The improved diffusion and lower resistance, as well as the structural robustness, endow the derivative carbon material with superior rate performance and excellent cycling stability when prepared as electrodes for a supercapacitor. It is anticipated that the method will provide new paths to the synthesis of such macro‐microporous materials for applications in energy‐related fields and beyond.
Local Food Market Orientation and Labor Intensity
Authors: Jablonski Becca B.R. , Bauman Allison , Thilmany Dawn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research uses descriptive analysis to provide a preliminary examination of the role of human capital in farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. We first provide an in‐depth review of previous research investigating the role of human capital in local food markets. Then, we use U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to provide national descriptive statistics to investigate if the repositioning of food and agricultural supply chains towards more localized markets affects the role of human capital in the business model (in terms of the share of business activities spent on human capital), and secondly the returns to human capital (in terms of wages). Given the place‐based nature of these strategies, we also investigate how these human capital investments vary across the rural urban continuum. We find that local food producers devote a larger share of total variable expenses to labor, and have significantly higher average estimated wages; this is especially true for operations with intermediated‐only or intermediated and direct sales, as opposed to direct‐only sales. We also find that wages are higher for local food producers in more urban locations.