bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estado, transnacionalidade e políticas globais
Authors: Moura Alexandrina Sobreira de 
Published: February 2020

Texto publicado na RSP de Set/Dez de 1994 (vol. 118, ano 45, n.3) Refletir sobre o Estado moderno requer a compreensão do processo de globalização, que se consolida por meio de atores transnacionais. Dessa maneira, é importante discutir a forma de interação entre o Estado e o setor não-governamental que, atuando como grupos de pressão, cria políticas globais que debilitam gradualmente a centralidade do Estado e geram uma crise de governabilidade. Como as políticas globais são realizadas em instâncias locais, a abordagem beyond the state se torna vunerável na medida em que o Estado é agente, se não definidor, implementador dessas políticas. Para tanto, faz-se oportuna uma associação entre o Estado e o setor não-governamental, permitindo que um processo descentralizador e participativo favoreça os elementos para o redesenho do Estado.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF RACECADOTRIL MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES
Authors: JAMKAR KANCHAN , MUTHA SWATI , HARDIKAR SHARWAREE , KUMBHAR NIKHIL 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To develop and evaluate the mucoadhesive microsphere using combinations of natural polymers chitosan and xanthan gum for sustained release.
Methods: In the present work mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by using natural polymers like chitosan and xanthan gum by using the emulsion chemical cross-linking method. Chemical cross-linking was done by using glutaraldehyde. The 22 factorial design was employed to show the effect of cross-linking agent and processing factor-like stirring and speed. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for their particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength.
Results: The size of microspheres of factorial batches were in the range of 26-46 µm. The swelling index was showed in the range of 1.51-1.66 percentage. The equation of multiple regression revealed that there was significant interaction among factors. The glutaraldehyde concentration had a positive effect on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. Stirring speed showed a negative impact on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. The interactive effect of glutaraldehyde concentration and the stirring speed was found to be positive for % entrapment efficiency and % cumulative drug release. In vitro drug release study of optimized formulation F2 show 96 % of drug release with 6 h indicating sustained release behavior with diffusion mechanism. The SEM image of the optimized batch was spherical with a porous surface.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work indicated that a promising potential of chitosan and xanthan gum combination for the preparation of the mucoadhesive microsphere of Racecadotril.
MEMES VIRTUAIS E A PERSPECTIVA FUNCIONALISTA DE TRADUÇÃO: CORPUS COMPARÁVEL DO PAR LINGUÍSTICO PORTUGUÊS<>ESPANHOL
Authors: Trombini Schneider Bruna Camila , Laiño Maria José 
Published: January 2020

O meme virtual é um gênero textual/discursivo carregado de elementos verbais, não verbais e culturais. Nascido através da popularização das redes sociais, ele possui conteúdos humorísticos, sarcásticos e reflexivos. Nesse contexto, esse artigo objetiva apresentar um corpus comparativo do gênero meme virtual, bem como refletir e discutir sobre aspectos tradutórios do texto, observando o par português<>espanhol. Os memes utilizados na análise foram encontrados em páginas de redes sociais, em português e espanhol e na análise discutem-se aspectos linguísticos e sua relação direta com os aspectos culturais, assim compreende-se que esses elementos são indissociáveis no processo de tradução. Os pressupostos teóricos deste estudo pautam-se em Marcuschi (2008) e Bakthin (2011), que auxiliam diretamente na discussão sobre os gêneros; Dawkins (2007 [1976]), Souza (2013) e Silva (2016) tratam especificamente sobre o gênero meme. Nord (1994, 2010a e 2010b) elucida a tradução funcionalista, ótica sob a qual são feitas as discussões dos memes ilustrados no trabalho. Com as discussões propostas, percebe-se que a língua é um construto complexo, formado por elementos que superam o campo estritamente linguístico. Isto se torna ainda mais evidente em um processo tradutório, já que há muitas figuras envolvidas e que precisam ser respeitadas, sob a ótica da vertente funcionalista. Nesse sentido, o gênero meme possibilita tal discussão, pois é um gênero que clama por compartilhamento cultural para que atinja um propósito humorístico: neste caso o entrelace entre cultura e língua é feito a partir de um processo comparativo do gênero e das línguas portuguesa e espanhola.
LEITURA E ESCRITA NA PERSPECTIVA DIALÓGICA DA LINGUAGEM: CONSTRUINDO SENTIDO NA EJA
Authors: De Souza Ramísio Vieira , De Vasconcelos Viana Janielly Santos , Almeida Maria De Fátima 
Published: January 2020

RESUMO:

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da leitura e escrita na Educação de Jovens e Adultos- EJA pautadas na perspectiva dialógica da linguagem de Bakhtin e o Círculo. Nesse âmbito, compreendemos a concepção de gênero do discurso como indispensável ao ato de ler e escrever na escola, por constituir práticas reais do uso da linguagem nos campos de atividades humanas. Propomo-nos a discutir os resultados do projeto de leitura e escrita nessa perspectiva, como também refletir sobre as experiências positivas, o uso da rede social e as dificuldades encontradas na execução das atividades pedagógicas propostas. O corpus é formado por duas produções textuais exportados do gênero whatsapp e duas imagens das aulas de uma turma do Ciclo IV da EJA. De posse dessas informações, selecionamos, analisamos e interpretamos as informações. Embasamos- nos principalmente em Bakhtin e o Círculo (2015); Base Nacional Comum Curricular- BNCC (2018); Almeida (2013); Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (2000). Afirmamos que a leitura é resultado de um contrato que ocorre entre os participantes desse processo de construção de sentido na sala de aula.
CORTÉS OU BERNAL DÍAZ? O MISTÉRIO SOBRE O VERDADEIRO AUTOR DE “HISTORIA VERDADERA DE LA CONQUISTA DE NUEVA ESPAÑA”
Authors: Giacomolli Dóris Helena Soares da Silva 
Published: January 2020

Existe um texto de representações impressionantes ao estilo de epopeia e nele está um acionador para conhecer e por que não dizer, compreender o que foi a conquista do México. Christian Duverger (2014) dedicou-se a estudar a autoria de História Verdadera de La conquista de la Nueva España, de Bernal Díaz Del Castillo. Esse exame crítico das figuras de Hernán Cortés e Bernal Díaz del Castillo vem auxiliar no exame das versões históricas que incidem não apenas nas batalhas da conquista como, igualmente, em seus personagens. Em Cortés e seu duplo-pesquisa sobre uma mistificação, Duverger questiona a autoria de uma das principais fontes de pesquisa sobre o período, o livro de Bernal Díaz Del Castillo.
The Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Investment Inefficiency
Authors: Guttman Ilan , Meng Xiaojing 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce real decisions (a project choice decision, an investment scale decision, and an information acquisition decision) to the Dye (1985) voluntary disclosure framework and examine how the prospect of voluntary disclosure affects managers' real decisions. Riskier projects lead to more volatile environment and hence entail higher efficiency loss at the subsequent investment scale decision stage if managers are uninformed. If managers are informed, they can withhold bad information, and the value of this option is higher for riskier projects. We show that the voluntary nature of managers' disclosure may lead to two types of inefficiencies: (1) managers may choose riskier projects, which generate lower expected cash flow due to the higher efficiency loss at the subsequent decision stage, and (2) managers may over-invest in information acquisition, because informed managers with bad information have the option to pool with uninformed managers and benefit from being overpriced.
Do various degrees of tooth decalcification affect orthodontists', general dentists' and laypersons' ratings of smile esthetics?
Authors: Al-Omari Iyad , Al-Bitar Zaid , Hamdan Ahmad M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the effect of various degrees of decalcification after orthodontic treatment (white spot lesions) on orthodontists', general dentists', and laypersons' ratings of smile esthetics.

Materials and Methods
Eight photographs representing incrementally altered tooth decalcification lesions of maxillary anterior teeth ranging from mild to severe were shown randomly to the study participants. Photographs were rated by a matched sample of orthodontists (N = 42), general dentists (N = 52), and laypeople (N = 58). A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess perceptions of smile esthetics.

Results
The three groups of raters could distinguish between different decalcification levels. Raters gave more negative scores as the decalcification level increased.

Conclusions
The three groups of raters were able to distinguish between various degrees of decalcification lesions. General dentists were the most critical of all groups when rating decalcification lesions.
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN APLIKASI HERBISIDA TERHADAP BIOMASSA KARBON MIKROORGANISME TANAH (C-MIK) PADA PERTANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) MUSIM TANAM KE-5 DI GEDONG MENENG
Authors: Giri I Gde Agung Indrayuana , Yusnaini Sri , Lumbanraja Jamalam , Buchari Henrie 
Published: January 2020

Biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah (C-mik) merupakan indikator untuk mengetahui jumlah biomassa mikroorganisme yang berperan untuk mengukur aktivitas dari mikroorganisme di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh olah tanah dan aplikasi herbisida serta interaksinya terhadap biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah (C-mik). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 4 kombinasi perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah sistem olah tanah yaitu T0 = Olah Tanah Minimum, T1 = Olah Tanah Sempurna dan faktor kedua adalah aplikasi herbisida yaitu H0 = Tanpa Aplikasi Herbisida, dan H1 = Aplikasi Herbisida. Data yang diperoleh diuji homogenitas ragam dengan uji bartlett dan aditifitasnya dengan uji tukey setelah asumsi terpenuhi data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5 %. Hubungan antara biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah dengan C-organik, pH, kadar air tanah, dan suhu tanah dilakukan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem olah tanah tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah. Sedangkan perlakuan aplikasi herbisida memberikan jumlah biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah (C-mik) lebih tinggi daripada tanpa aplikasi herbisida pada pengamatan fase vegetatif maksimum tanaman. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara sistem pengolahan tanah dan aplikasi herbisida terhadap biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS TEPUNG UMBI TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA TANAMAN CABAI DILAPANG
Authors: Sihite Denny Marini , Nurdin Muhammad , Dirmawati Suskandini Ratih , Akin Hasriadi Mat 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi tepung umbi teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) yang efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tanaman dan Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dimulai sejak bulan Agustus sampai November 2017. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (P0), fungisida propineb (P1), tepung umbi teki konsentrasi 5% (P2), tepung umbi teki konsentrasi 15% (P3), dan tepung umbi teki konsentrasi 25% (P4). Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5% . Parameter yang diamati adalah keparahan penyakit, tinggi tanaman cabai, jumlah buah cabai, dan bobot buah cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung teki konsentrasi 5%, 15%, dan 25% efektif dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai di lapang. Tepung teki dengan konsentrasi 5%,15%, dan 25% memiliki keefektifan yang sebanding dengan fungisida propineb dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS FRAKSI EKSTRAK JARAK TINTIR DAN TEMBELEKANUNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI MERAH
Authors: Suwastini Made , Efri Efri , Ivayani Ivayani , Suharjo Radix 
Published: January 2020

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum capsici dan C. gloeosporiodes. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan untuk membatasi penggunaan pestisida sintetik dan juga ramah lingkungan adalah penggunaan fungisida nabati yang berbahan dasar ekstrak daun tumbuhan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan fungisida nabati fraksi ekstrak jarak tintir (Jatropha multifida )dan tembelekan (Lantana camara) untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai.Penelitian dilakukan di lahan percobaan Desa Hajimena Natar, Lampung Selatan dari bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2017.Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok(RAK), dengan empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan.Kehomogenan data diuji dengan uji Bartlet. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengansidik ragam dan perbandingan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji dengan uji bedanyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fraksi ekstrak jarak tintir dan fraksi ekstrak tembelekan berpengaruh nyata pada panen 1 dan 2 terhadap penekanan keterjadian penyakit antraknosa, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap penekanan keparahan dan penyimpanan hanya pada minggu panen 2.
Re-Tooling School
Authors: Burt Russell 
Published: January 2020

How do we ReTool school to make it engaging, empowering and success making for all? At the same time how do we guarantee equity and access so that what our government calls “priority learners”, have the same opportunities for 3rd millennium citizenship as everybody else?

When vast tracts of what is now the Developed World, were opened up by the provision of roads, bridges and railroads, people moved from subsistence and achieved effective citizenship, locally, nationally and globally. The infrastructure that enables access to the new platform for citizenship, the internet, is analogous to the roads, bridges and railroads of yesteryear. The business of retooling requires this infrastructure as a baseline, but real efficacy and agency will only be achieved when environments are enriched by innovation on top of the essential infrastructure.

Retooling School requires a Change Pedagogy Imperative:
When essential aspects of learning are amalgamated and new media are used for the reception and delivery modes, the learner experience is completely different. It is more than possible to develop new learner agency, efficacy and leadership in learning. This journey to genuine citizenship will have three major hallmarks:

ubiquity

anywhere, anytime, any pace, any people learning

agency

the power to act -informed/empowered/enabled learners

connectedness

edgeless education, connected minds

We need to:
Provide the essential infrastructure and enrich the environment for: local, national and international citizenship of all learners.
Pendidikan Interprofessional dan Kolaborasi Interprofesional
Authors: Putriana Norisca Aliza , Saragih Yulina Br. 
Published: February 2020

Pendidikan inter-profesional (IPE) dan praktik kolaborasi interprofesional (IPCP) adalah konsep yang terpisah namun terkait. Salah satu maksud dari IPE adalah bahwa para siswa/mahasiswa dari berbagai profesi kesehatan berlatih sampai tingkat penuh dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan mereka dan, dalam prosesnya, mengeksplorasi batasan dari praktik mereka. Pada saat yang sama, mereka belajar bagaimana memiliki hubungan interprofessional yang efektif melalui berbagi keterampilan dan pengetahuan kolaboratif. IPE terjadi ketika dua atau lebih profesi kesehatan belajar bersama, belajar dari profesi kesehatan lain, dan mempelajari peran masing-masing profesi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, Kolaborasi terjadi ketika individu saling menghormati satu sama lain dan profesi satu sama lain dan bersedia berpartisipasi dalam suasana kooperatif. Tujuan IPE adalah praktik kolaborasi antar profesi, dimana melibatkan berbagai profesi dalam pembelajaran tentang bagaimana bekerjasama dengan memberikan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap yang diperlukan untuk berkolaborasi secara efektif. kompetensi IPE terdiri atas empat bagian yaitu pengetahuan, keterampilan, orientasi tim, dan kemampuan tim.Kata Kunci : IPE, IPC, Profesi kesehatan.
The Strategies of Developing Pre-University Education in Egypt In the Light of The Experiences of Some Foreign Countries
Authors: Saudi Amal 
Published: January 2020

It has become satisfactorily convincing that the reformation and development of Egyptian education are inevitable. Education, in Egypt, has become one of the most rudimentary causes as it is the real and only beginning for any type of progress in all walks of life. Advanced countries, as has been affirmed by contemporary history, have started their progress from the gate of education. These countries always give education all the priorities in their policies, programs and strategies.
Efforts to reform and develop education in Egypt took various forms: Holding conferences, meetings, issuing documents and inventing strategies, etc. However, there are still many defects and gaps that need to be filled. These shortcomings actually impede the process of the reformation and development of education. Therefore, it has become an obligation to reconsider the policies and strategies of that system as an inevitable step to develop and promote it. To achieve the objectives of promoting the educational system in Egypt by creating a competent graduate, the study sought the experiences of some foreign advanced countries.
The descriptive approach has been used in this study to treat the data on a critical and analytical basis. The researcher has reached a number of important conclusions and lessons. Experiences of the advanced countries in the field of education clearly indicate that: 1-The minister of education should not be the only person to demarcate the educational policy; 2- education should be given a comprehensive outlook; 3- human and financial potentials should be always available; 4- societal participation and contribution by the experts, teachers, consultants, and administrative offices should be guaranteed. Accordingly, the educational policy will surely be entrusted to those who are able to carry it out successfully and in an integrated way. This ensures the reformation and development of the educational system in Egypt.
Utility of commercially available reagent test strips for estimation of blood urea nitrogen concentration and detection of azotemia in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Cabot Megan L. , Eshar David , Beaufrère Hugues 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the utility of commercially available reagent test strips for estimation of BUN concentration and detection of azotemia in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

SAMPLE
65 blood samples from 53 rabbits and 71 blood samples from 50 ferrets of various health statuses.

PROCEDURES
BUN concentrations were measured with a clinical laboratory biochemical analyzer and estimated with a reagent test strip. Results obtained with both methods were assigned to a BUN category (range, 1 to 4; higher categories corresponded to higher BUN concentrations). Samples with a biochemical analyzer BUN concentration ≥ 27 mg/dL (rabbits) or ≥ 41 mg/dL (ferrets) were considered azotemic. A test strip BUN category of 3 or 4 (rabbits) or 4 (ferrets) was considered positive for azotemia.

RESULTS
Test strip and biochemical analyzer BUN categories were concordant for 46 of 65 (71%) rabbit blood samples and 58 of 71 (82%) ferret blood samples. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test strips for detection of azotemia were 92%, 79%, and 82%, respectively, for rabbit blood samples and 80%, 100%, and 96%, respectively, for ferret blood samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Test strips provided reasonable estimates of BUN concentration but, for rabbits, were more appropriate for ruling out than for ruling in azotemia because of false-positive test strip results. False-negative test strip results for azotemia were more of a concern for ferrets than rabbits. Testing with a biochemical analyzer remains the gold standard for measurement of BUN concentration and detection of azotemia in rabbits and ferrets.
The The Write Stuff: The Development of a Medical Writing Pharmacy Residency Elective
Authors: Emily Frederick  , Emma Palmer  , Emily O'Reilly  , Amanda Brenske  , Cathy Spencer  
Published: February 2020

The Problem: Effective medical writing requires a mastery of many skills including those of data interpretation, literature evaluation, written communication, and leadership. A number of these skills are considered educational goals and objectives for residents by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, yet preceptors and residents oftentimes face challenges in gaining competency, confidence, and success in medical writing.
Innovation: A structured yet individualized plan for medical writing, including idea creation, peer reviewing, manuscript preparation, and team management for post-graduate year two pharmacy residents was implemented as an elective learning experience.
Results: Feedback from residents participating in the elective was positive. Each of the two residents who participated produced a manuscript that was subsequently published.
Conclusion: Though data is limited by number of residents that have completed this learning experience, this longitudinally designed elective has potential benefits and barriers to execution that should be considered, but may be an excellent opportunity to develop critical skills in scholarly endeavors for residents and preceptors alike.

Article Type: Note
VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN ADOLESCENTES
Authors: González Elena López 
Published: February 2020

Hoy en día vivimos en una sociedad en la que la violencia de género, sobre todo en adolescentes, es muy común. Las diferencias de género, el patriarcado, la publicidad, las nuevas tecnologías… son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a que la violencia de género no se erradique. Por ello pienso que es importante la intervención con el sector joven de la población ya que aún pueden hacer algo por intentar cambiar esta situación. El objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado es analizar las posibles causas y como se desarrolla la violencia de género en parejas jóvenes. Y por otro lado realizar una intervención, que consta de un conjunto de acciones sobre la violencia de género en institutos de la provincia con talleres de habilidades y de información sobre la violencia de género con debates abiertos para analizar la opinión de los jóvenes sobre este tema.Pero en suma, el principal objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado es poder aportar un granito de arena para cambiar la mentalidad y el sistema machista de nuestra sociedad que da lugar a la violencia de género.