bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrophiarin (antibiotic S31794/F‐1) from Penicillium arenicola shares biosynthetic features with both Aspergillus‐ and Leotiomycete‐type echinocandins
Authors: Lan Nan , Perlatti Bruno , Kvitek Daniel J. , Wiemann Philipp , Harvey Colin J. B. , Frisvad Jens , An Zhiqiang , Bills Gerald F. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe antifungal echinocandin lipopeptide, acrophiarin, was circumscribed in a patent in 1979. We confirmed that the producing strain NRRL 8095 is Penicillium arenicola and other strains of P. arenicola produced acrophiarin and acrophiarin analogues. Genome sequencing of NRRL 8095 identified the acrophiarin gene cluster. Penicillium arenicola and echinocandin‐producing Aspergillus species belong to the family Aspergillaceae of the Eurotiomycetes, but several features of acrophiarin and its gene cluster suggest a closer relationship with echinocandins from Leotiomycete fungi. These features include hydroxy‐glutamine in the peptide core instead of a serine or threonine residue, the inclusion of a non‐heme iron, α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase for hydroxylation of the C3 of the glutamine, and a thioesterase. In addition, P. arenicola bears similarity to Leotiomycete echinocandin‐producing species because it exhibits self‐resistance to exogenous echinocandins. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes of the echinocandin biosynthetic family indicated that most of the predicted proteins of acrophiarin gene cluster exhibited higher similarity to the predicted proteins of the pneumocandin gene cluster of the Leotiomycete Glarea lozoyensis than to those of the echinocandin B gene cluster from A. pachycristatus. The fellutamide gene cluster and related gene clusters are recognized as relatives of the echinocandins. Inclusion of the acrophiarin gene cluster into a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of echinocandin gene clusters indicated the divergent evolutionary lineages of echinocandin gene clusters are descendants from a common ancestral progenitor. The minimal 10‐gene cluster may have undergone multiple gene acquisitions or losses and possibly horizontal gene transfer after the ancestral separation of the two lineages.
Oral delivery of dsHvlwr is a feasible method for managing the pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Lü Jing , Liu Zhuo‐Qi , Guo Wei , Guo Mu‐Juan , Chen Shi‐Min , Yang Chun‐Xiao , Zhang You‐Jun , Pan Hui‐Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) techniques have emerged as powerful tools that facilitate development of novel management strategies for insect pests, such as Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which is a major pest of solanaceous plants in Asia. In this study, the potential of oral delivery of in vitro‐synthesized and bacterially expressed double‐stranded H. vigintioctopunctata lesswright (lwr) gene (dsHvlwr) to manage of H. vigintioctopunctata was investigated. Our results showed that the gene Hvlwr had a 480‐bp open reading frame and encoded a 160‐amino acid protein. Hvlwr expression levels were greater in the fat body than other tissue types. Hvlwr silencing led to greater H. vigintioctopunctata mortality rates and appeared to be time‐ and partially dose‐dependent, likely as a result of the number of hemocytes increasing with dsRNA concentration, but decreasing with time. Bacterially expressed dsHvlwr that was applied to leaf discs caused 88%, 66%, and 36% mortality in 1st instars, 3rd instars, and adults after 10, 10, and 14 d, respectively; when applied to living plants, there was greater mortality in 1st and 3rd instars, but there was no effect on adults. Furthermore, dsHvlwr led to improved plant protection against H. vigintioctopunctata. Our study shows an effective dietary RNAi response in H. vigintioctopunctata and that Hvlwr is a promising RNAi target gene for control of this pest species.
Investigating bee dietary preferences along a gradient of floral resources: how does resource use align with resource availability?
Authors: Kelly Tyler T. , Elle Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBee dietary preferences, or the floral resources that they consistently collect, likely impact where a species can persist. For this reason it is likely that bee dietary preferences are dependent upon the composition of the plant community. In this study, we evaluated floral visits and pollen loads of the mining bee, Andrena angustitarsata Viereck, across a 630 km north–south range to understand dietary preferences along a floral resource gradient. Previous research, in a more geographically limited area, suggested this species was an eclectic oligolege on predominantly Apiaceae and in part Rosaceae. In the present study we found the species predominately visited and collected pollen from Apiaceae and Rosaceae, but visited 12 flower families and collected pollen from 32, distinguishing them as generalist foragers. The frequency of Apiaceae pollen on the bees and the species‐level specialization index (a measure of visit specialization) were higher in regions with higher Apiaceae abundance. In addition Apiaceae and Rosaceae were the only plant families significantly preferred for pollen collection, regardless of floral abundance. We conclude that across our study region A. angustitarsata has a generalist dietary breadth, but also has dietary preference for Apiaceae and Rosaceae. Our study indicates that while bees may overall make generalist foraging decisions they may still prefer and likely benefit from selecting fewer flower taxa.
Diagnostic Performance of Emergency Physician Gestalt for Predicting Acute Appendicitis in Patients Age 5 to 20 Years
Authors: Simon Laura E. , Kene Mamata V. , Warton E. Margaret , Rauchwerger Adina S. , Vinson David R. , Reed Mary E. , Chettipally Uli K. , Mark Dustin G. , Sax Dana R. , McLachlan D. Ian , Cotton Dale M. , Lin James S. , Vazquez‐Benitez Gabriela , Kharbanda Anupam B. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Ballard Dustin W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPediatric appendicitis remains a challenging diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). Available risk prediction algorithms may contribute to excessive ED imaging studies. Incorporation of physician gestalt assessment could help refine predictive tools and improve diagnostic imaging decisions.MethodsThis study was a subanalysis of a parent study that prospectively enrolled patients ages 5 to 20.9 years with a chief complaint of abdominal pain presenting to 11 community EDs within an integrated delivery system between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2018. Prior to diagnostic imaging, attending emergency physicians enrolled patients with ≤5 days of right‐sided or diffuse abdominal pain using a Web‐based application embedded in the electronic health record. Predicted risk (gestalt) of acute appendicitis was prospectively entered using a sliding scale from 1% to 100%. As a planned secondary analysis, we assessed the performance of gestalt via c‐statistics of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves; tested associations between gestalt performance and patient, physician, and facility characteristics; and examined clinical characteristics affecting gestalt estimates.ResultsOf 3,426 patients, 334 (9.8%) had confirmed appendicitis. Physician gestalt had excellent ROC curve characteristics (c‐statistic = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.81 to 0.85), performing particularly well in the low‐risk strata (appendicitis rate = 1.1% in gestalt 1%–10% range, negative predictive value of 98.9% for appendicitis diagnosis). Physicians with ≥5 years since medical school graduation demonstrated improved gestalt performance over those with less experience (p = 0.007). All clinical characteristics tested, except pain <24 hours, were significantly associated with physician gestalt value (p < 0.05).ConclusionPhysician gestalt for acute appendicitis diagnosis performed well, especially in low‐risk patients and when employed by experienced physicians.
De novo stop‐lost germline mutation in FGFR3 causes severe chondrodysplasia in the progeny of a Holstein bull
Authors: Häfliger I. M. , Letko A. , Murgiano L. , Drögemüller C. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFifteen cases of chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate dwarfism occurred in the progeny of a single Holstein bull. A de novo mutation event in the germline of the sire was suspected as cause. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a single protein‐changing variant in the stop codon of FGFR3 gene on chromosome 6. Sanger sequencing of EDTA blood proved that this variant occurred de novo and segregates perfectly with the observed phenotype in the affected cattle family. FGFR3 is an important regulator gene in bone formation owing to its key role in the bone elongation induced by FGFR3‐dimers. The detected paternally inherited stop‐lost variant in FGFR3 is predicted to add 93 additional amino acids to the protein’s C‐terminus. This study provides a second example of a dominant FGFR3 stop‐lost variant as a pathogenic mutation of a severe form of chondrodysplasia. Even though FGFR3 is known to be associated with dwarfism and growth disorders in human and sheep, this study is the first to describe FGFR3‐associated chondrodysplasia in cattle.
COVID‐19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China
Authors: Cai Qingxian , Huang Deliang , Ou Pengcheng , Yu Hong , Zhu Zhibin , Xia Zhang , Su Yinan , Ma Zhenghua , Zhang Yiming , Li Zhiwei , He Qing , Liu Lei , Fu Yang , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐2019) patients outside the epicenter of Hubei Province are less understood.MethodsWe analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of all COVID‐2019 cases in the only referral hospital in Shenzhen City, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 6, 2020, and followed until March 6, 2020.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233 (81.5%) had been to Hubei, while 42 (14%) did not have a clear travel history. Only 218 (73.15%) cases had a fever as the initial symptom. Compared with the nonsevere cases, severe cases were associated with older age, those with underlying diseases, and higher levels of C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Slower clearance of the virus was associated with a higher risk of progression to critical condition. As of March 6, 2020, 268 (89.9%) patients were discharged and the overall case fatality ratio was 1.0%.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside Hubei Province, COVID‐2019 patients could be effectively managed by properly using the existing hospital system. Mortality may be lowered when cases are relatively mild, and there are sufficient medical resources to care and treat the disease.
Primary anterior perineal hernia: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Watanobe Ikuo , Miyano Shozo , Machida Michio , Sugo Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerineal hernia is a type of pelvic floor hernia and an extremely rare pathologic state. Perineal hernias can be classified into anterior and posterior types according to their positional relationship to the superficial transverse perineal muscle. A 49‐year‐old woman presented with bulging of the right labium major while standing. Standing external ultrasonography revealed a mass in the bulge, which could not be identified by transvaginal ultrasonography, CT, or MRI. Although hernia content could not be identified preoperatively, the patient was given a diagnosis of primary perineal hernia and underwent laparoscopic repair. Symptoms resolved postoperatively, and no sign of relapse has been noted for 8 months postoperatively. Here, we report the case details and review previous case reports.
Optimal power flow incorporating renewable uncertainty related opportunity costs
Authors: Samakpong Titipong , Ongsakul Weerakorn , Madhu Manjiparambil Nimal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an optimal power flow solution method incorporating a cost model that associates the uncertainty‐related expense incurred with the use of renewable energy sources, viz., solar and wind, is demonstrated. Wind speed and solar radiation are assumed to follow Weibull and normal distributions and the uncertainty is simulated using Monte‐Carlo approach. Wind turbine mathematical model is used to estimate the wind generator output, while the same for solar PV is estimated using PV‐inverter models. The uncertainty‐induced opportunity cost for both the renewable sources is composed of the costs due to both power excess and deficit. These cost components are indicative of the reserve requirement and loss of benefit, due to the unavailability of the corresponding generation. This research models and integrates the opportunity costs of renewable generation into a conventional OPF formulation, which is then solved using four variants of particle swarm optimization method. Among these, mutation‐based PSO approach provided better results than others. The test system used is modified IEEE 39‐bus network and the performance of the method as well as the effect of the uncertainty cost is evaluated under multiple renewable penetration levels. The results also indicate that solar generation is preferred over wind in terms of the uncertainty cost, while the use of stochastic natured renewable systems is economically justified and preferred over thermal generators.
Incisura angularis belongs to fundic or transitional gland regions in Helicobacter pylori‐naïve normal stomach: Sub‐analysis of the prospective multi‐center study
Authors: Nakajima Shigemi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Shimbo Takuro , Fukuta Nobuhiro , Kato Takahiro , Yagi Nobuaki , Terao Shuichi , Kato Mototsugu , Kamada Tomoari , Kawashima Junichi , Uemura Naomi , Ida Kazunori ,   The Members of the Study Group for Establishing Endoscopic Diagnosis of Chronic Gastritis
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveIncisura angularis is one of the important parts for evaluating mucosal atrophy and cancer risk. We determined the type of mucosa at incisura angularis in Helicobacter pylori‐naïve normal stomach.MethodsSubjects aged 40 years or older who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for dyspepsia or a routine health checkup were recruited in 24 facilities between March 2008 and February 2009. Serum antibody to H. pylori was measured. Endoscopic atrophy was evaluated according to Updated Kimura‐Takemoto classification. Five biopsy specimens were taken from the incisura angularis and greater and lesser curvatures of the antrum and corpus. These specimens were histologically classified as fundic, pyloric or transitional. H. pylori‐naïve normal stomach was defined with the strictest criterion among various combinations of histological, endoscopic and serum findings. We determined histological type of mucosa at incisura angularis in H. pylori‐naïve normal stomach.ResultsA total of 270 subjects (122 men, mean 64.6 yo) were analyzed. The strictest criterion consists of serum antibody ≤ 3.0 U/mL, endoscopic atrophy C‐1 and histological grade 0 in all of the five items in Updated Sydney System. The numbers having fundic, transitional and pyloric mucosa at incisura angularis under the strictest criterion were 13 (50%), 13 (50%) and 0, respectively. The probability that the type of mucosa at incisura angularis would be pyloric was almost zero (97.5% confidence interval 0–0.132).ConclusionsIncisura angularis of the stomach may not belong to pyloric, but fundic or transitional mucosa in H. pylori‐naïve normal stomach. UMIN000018218.
Expediting clinician assessment in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sanchez Matthew J , Constantino John N 
Published: April 2020

AimTo investigate a novel observational rating protocol designed to expedite clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodTwo hundred and forty patients referred to a tertiary autism center (median age 8y 9mo, range 2y 6mo–34y 8mo; 188 males, 52 females) were rated using an adaptation of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition (CARS‐2) based exclusively on patient observation (CARS‐2obs). Scores were compared to expert diagnosis of ASD, parent‐reported Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2) and, in a selected subset of patients, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2).ResultsCARS‐2obs distinguished patients with a clinical diagnosis of ASD from those with non‐ASD neuropsychiatric disorders (mean score=18 vs 11.7, p<0.001). Severity ratings on the CARS‐2obs correlated with the ADOS‐2 (r=0.68, ρ=0.64) and SRS‐2 (r=0.31, ρ=0.32). A CARS‐2obs cutoff point equal to or greater than 16 demonstrated 95.8% specificity and 62.3% sensitivity in discriminating individuals with ASD from individuals without ASD in a specialty referral setting.InterpretationThe CARS‐2obs allows the rapid acquisition of quantitative ratings of autistic severity by direct observation. Coupled with parent/teacher‐reported symptoms and developmental history, the measure may contribute to a low‐cost diagnostic paradigm in clinical and public health settings, where positive results might help reduce delays in diagnosis, and negative results could prompt further specialty assessment.What this paper adds

The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition based on patient observation distinguished individuals with versus without autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

A score equal to or greater than 16 on this assessment showed high specificity for a diagnosis of ASD.
Radiologic chest CT findings from COVID‐19 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana
Authors: Danrad Raman , Smith David L. , Kerut Edmund K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrleans Parish in Louisiana is in the midst of an exponentially increasing number of patient admissions with COVID‐19 and respiratory symptoms. Patients have been described having CT findings most consistent with an early‐stage (<7 days from symptoms onset) or an advanced stage (8‐14 days from symptoms onset). We describe and illustrate those early and advanced stage CT findings from patients with documented COVID‐19 who have been admitted to University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Local glutamate in cingulate cortex subregions differentially correlates with affective network activations during face perception
Authors: Denzel Dominik , Colic Lejla , Demenescu Liliana Ramona , von Düring Felicia , Ristow Inka , Nießen Hanna , Hermann Luisa , Kaufmann Jörn , Dannlowski Udo , Frommer Jörg , Vogel Matthias , Li Meng , Lord Anton , Walter Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cingulate cortex is involved in emotion recognition/perception and regulation. Rostral and caudal subregions belong to different brain networks with distinct roles in affective perception. Despite recent accounts of the relevance of cingulate cortex glutamate (Glu) on blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses, the specificity of the subregional Glu levels during emotional tasks remains unclear. Seventy‐two healthy participants (age = 27.33 ± 6.67, 32 women) performed an affective face‐matching task and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 Tesla. Correlations between the BOLD response during emotion perception and Glu concentration in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) were compared on a whole‐brain level. Post hoc specificity of the association with an affect was assessed. Lower Glu in the pgACC correlated with stronger activation differences between negative and positive faces in the left inferior and superior frontal gyrus (L IFG and L SFG). In contrast, lower Glu in the aMCC correlated with BOLD contrasts in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Furthermore, negative face detection was associated with prolonged response time (RT). Our results demonstrate a subregion‐specific involvement of cingulate cortex Glu in interindividual differences during viewing of affective facial expressions. Glu levels in the pgACC were correlated with frontal area brain activations, whereas Glu in the salience network component aMCC modulated responses in the PCC–precuneus. We show that region‐specific metabolite mapping enables specific activation of different BOLD signals in the brain underlying emotional perception.
Clinical and pathological features affecting cardiac sympathetic denervation in autopsy‐confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Takahashi M. , Uchihara T. , Yoshida M. , Wakabayashi K. , Kakita A. , Takahashi H. , Toru S. , Orimo S. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeThe aim was to clarify the features affecting cardiac sympathetic denervation in autopsy‐confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients.MethodsFifty‐four autopsy‐confirmed DLB patients were enrolled. Tissue samples of the left ventricular anterior wall were immunostained with anti‐tyrosine hydroxylase antibody to identify catecholaminergic nerve axons. Immunostained areas were quantified as residual cardiac sympathetic nerve (CSN) axons and the relationship between the degree of residual CSN axons and clinical and neuropathological features was examined.ResultsVirtually all patients showed small amounts of residual CSN axons (0.87%, range 0.02%–9.98%), with 50 patients (92.6%) showing <2.0% of residual axons. The patients who showed psychological symptoms within the first year of the disease had significantly more residual CSN axons than the remaining patients did (1.50% vs. 0.40%, P < 0.01). Patients with a short disease duration and neocortical‐type Lewy body pathology tended to have more preserved CSN axons, although this difference was not statistically significant. Fifty‐three patients (98.1%) who had neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and strong concomitant Alzheimer’s disease pathology also had statistically significantly more preserved CSN axons. The patient with the most preserved CSN axons showed different characteristics from the results, except for the first symptom.ConclusionPsychological symptoms within the first year of the disease, a short disease duration, neocortical‐type Lewy body pathology and strong concomitant Alzheimer’s disease pathology may be related to mild CSN degeneration in DLB patients. Thus, DLB patients with broad Lewy body pathology in the brain in the early stages may show mild CSN degeneration.