bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wetland dependency drives temporal turnover of bird species between high‐ and low‐water years in floodplain wetlands of the Paraná River
Authors: Lorenzón Rodrigo E. , Ronchi‐Virgolini Ana L. , Blake John G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTemporal turnover of species between predominantly aquatic and terrestrial phases of floodplains, a process that helps maintain the high bird diversity of river–floodplain systems, could be driven by dependency of species on wetlands. To assess this, we compared the bird assemblages of river–floodplain systems at 60 sites along the Paraná River during the nonbreeding seasons of 2011, when water levels were predominantly high (high‐water year), and 2012, when levels were predominantly much lower (low‐water year). Birds were sampled by point counts repeated four times during each year at each site. We tested whether temporal patterns differed between wetland‐dependent and nonwetland‐dependent birds because these groups show positive and negative relationships, respectively, with water‐level increases. Species composition varied between years. Ten of the 14 species associated with high water levels in 2011 were waterbirds, and 11 of the 14 species associated with lower water levels (2012) were nonwetland species. Species richness and abundance per site of waterbirds and abundance of wetland species were higher during the high‐water year than in the low‐water year. Species richness, abundance, and diversity per site of nonwetland birds were, on the other hand, higher during the low‐water year than in the high‐water year. Species turnover between predominantly high‐ and low‐water periods did not respond to shorter term water‐level fluctuations within each year. In conclusion, our results show that degree of wetland dependence drives bird species turnover as a function of water‐level fluctuations, showing the importance of hydrological variability for bird conservation in river–floodplain systems.
Plant species richness across the Himalaya driven by evolutionary history and current climate
Authors: Rana Suresh K. , Price Trevor D. , Qian Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Himalaya, the world's largest mountain chain, spans a wide variety of climates. Further, different locations have historically experienced climatic perturbations to different degrees. This makes it the ideal region to assess roles of contemporary climate, diversification (speciation minus extinction), and dispersal barriers in affecting local species richness. Based on a review of all available Himalayan floras, we determined that 8765 native angiosperm species are presently documented and recorded their location and elevational distributions. We compared species richness and measures of phylogenetic structure in 100‐m elevational bands for all species combined and for three major life‐forms separately (trees, shrubs, and herbs) across the Himalaya. Species richness declines threefold from the east to the northwest of the Himalaya. Along elevational gradients, tree richness monotonically declines in the northwest, but peaks at ~1000 m in the east. Shrubs and herbs peak in richness at mid‐elevations (~2000 m). Mean temperature and annual precipitation together explain ~60% of the variation in species richness. The general phylogenetic pattern observed in this study is that phylogenetic clustering (i.e., more closely related species on fewer long branches) increases from low to high elevations, but with a dip at mid‐elevations (2000–3000 m), which may result from a mixing of distinct floras, but is not associated with exceptionally high richness. High clustering at higher elevations (3000–4500 m) and in the drier northwest suggests ongoing diversification dynamics limit richness in these harsher environments. The effects of diversification dynamics appear to be smaller than those of contemporary climate in limiting buildup of species numbers.
Hypertonic saccharide solution delays pyroptosis in murine macrophages regardless of the membrane binding of gasdermin D N‐terminal
Authors: Zheng Jiashuo , Wang Dingyu , Chen Qianyue , Liu Qiyao , Lin Zhaoyu , Hu Qiongyuan , Wu Xiuwen , Gao Xiang , Li Qiurong , Ren Jianan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPyroptosis is a type of programmed lytic cell death that could be activated by either the canonical or noncanonical inflammasome pathway. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of hypertonic solution on noncanonical pyroptosis in macrophage. We found that although hypertonic solution had a general inhibitory effect on noncanonical pyroptosis, the underlying mechanism varied by the solute causing hypertonicity. Specifically, hypertonic NaCl or KCl solution inhibited the cleavage of gasdermin D, the pore‐forming protein in pyroptosis, whereas hypertonic saccharide solution did not affect the cleavage or membrane binding of gasdermin D. In this case, nevertheless, pyroptosis was still inhibited as evidenced by the preserved mitochondria activity and cell membrane permeability.
CD28 and CD57 define four populations with distinct phenotypic properties within human CD8+ T cells
Authors: Pangrazzi Luca , Reidla Jürgen , Carmona Arana José Antonio , Naismith Erin , Miggitsch Carina , Meryk Andreas , Keller Michael , Krause Adelheid Alma Nora , Melzer Franz Leonard , Trieb Klemens , Schirmer Michael , Grubeck‐Loebenstein Beatrix , Weinberger Birgit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfter repeated antigen exposure, both memory and terminally differentiated cells can be generated within CD8+ T cells. Although, during their differentiation, activated CD8+ T cells may first lose CD28, and CD28− cells may eventually express CD57 as a subsequent step, a population of CD28+CD57+(DP) CD8+ T cells can be identified in the peripheral blood. How this population is distinct from CD28−CD57−(DN) CD8+ T cells, and from the better characterized non‐activated/early‐activated CD28+CD57− and senescent‐like CD28−CD57+ CD8+ T cell subsets is currently unknown. Here, RNA expression of the four CD8+ T cell subsets isolated from human PBMCs was analyzed using microarrays. DN cells were more similar to “early” highly differentiated cells, with decreased TNF and IFN‐γ production, impaired DNA damage response and apoptosis. Conversely, increased apoptosis and expression of cytokines, co‐inhibitory, and chemokine receptors were found in DP cells. Higher levels of DP CD8+ T cells were observed 7 days after Hepatitis B vaccination, and decreased levels of DP cells were found in rheumatoid arthritis patients. More DP and DN CD8+ T cells were present in the bone marrow, in comparison with PBMCs. In summary, our results indicate that DP and DN cells are distinct CD8+ T cell subsets displaying defined properties.
Response of A Gravel ‐ Bed River To Dam Closure: Insights From Sediment Transport Processes And Channel Morphodynamics
Authors: Brenna A. , Surian N. , Mao L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work deals with the impacts of dams on large gravel ‐bed rivers in terms of altering coarse transport regimes and the relationship with river morphodynamics. Using data collected by a tracer ‐based monitoring programme carried out in a 4 ‐km ‐long study sector of the Parma River (Italy), located downstream from a relatively recently established dam, we applied a virtual velocity approach to estimate the coarse bed material load at four river cross ‐sections. Monitoring and calculation results provided new insights into the impacts of the dam on streambed material mobility and the sediment regime over the 17 ‐month calculation period. A longitudinal gradient of effects was observed along the study sector. Sections located closer to the dam are characterized by more evident impacts due to deficits in coarse sediment input from upstream. Sediment mobility here is strongly altered, especially in the highly armoured main channel, and the overall bed material load is extremely low. A partial recovery of sediment dynamics was observed at the sections located further from the dam, where estimates indicate higher sediment yield. The observed longitudinal trend in the coarse sediment transport regime matches the morphology, as the river shifts downstream from a sinuous configuration with alternate bars to a wandering one. The novel insights into alteration of coarse sediment dynamics and the relationship with river morphodynamics are potentially applicable to many other fluvial contexts affected by similar impoundments. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different charging and discharging modes on thermal behavior of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yang Yun , Wang Zhirong , Jiang Juncheng , Bian Huan , Mao Ning , Guo Linsheng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe heat release law of lithium ion battery during different cycles of charging‐discharging rate was studied by the LAND testing device. Studies have shown that: When charging at 0.5C and discharge cycles at 0.5C, 1C, 2C, and 3C, respectively, the battery cycle heat dissipation increases with the increase of the discharge rate, and the temperature rise ratio of the battery after the 3C cycle is 0.5C, 1C, 2C is higher by 30.8 °C, 21.4 °C, and 9 °C; 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C rechargeable battery temperature rise after 1C discharge and 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C charge cycles, respectively. The heights are 13.8 °C, 18.1 °C, 37.6 °C, and 44.3 °C, respectively; when the battery is cycled at a 3C charging‐discharging rate, the battery voltage suddenly changes to 0 V after the 2nd cycle; when the charge current and discharge current are relatively small, the heat generated during low‐rate charging high‐rate discharge cycles is larger, and when the charge current and the discharge current are relatively large, the heat generated at the low‐rate charging high rate discharge cycle is smaller than the high‐rate charging low‐rate discharge cycle. The research obtained the heat dissipation data of lithium‐ion batteries under different charging‐discharging rates, which provided an important basis for the safe operation of lithium‐ion batteries.
Cervical‐transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy: A preclinical study
Authors: Gorphe Philippe , Stein Hubert , Moya‐Plana Antoine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a preclinical study to assess the feasibility of the cervical‐transoral robotic pharyngectomy procedure in surgery for nasopharyngeal cancer, where deep margins and vascular safety are key issues.Materials and methodsFour cadaveric dissections were performed with the da Vinci Xi system. The first step was a robotic parapharyngeal dissection along the internal carotid artery (ICA). The second step was a type 3 transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy.ResultsIn each procedure, a comprehensive dissection of the parapharyngeal space was performed along the ICA up to the foramen lacerum. A type 3 nasopharyngectomy was performed transorally with an “en‐bloc” removal of the parapharyngeal space, and with complete removal of the eustachian tube up to its bony part.ConclusionA comprehensive cervical‐transoral robotic type 3 nasopharyngectomy with “en‐bloc” removal of the parapharyngeal space and the eustachian tube proved to be technically feasible in a preclinical study.
Estimating groundwater recharge for a freshwater lens in an arid region: Formative and stability assessment
Authors: Alrashidi Mosaed S. , Bailey Ryan T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe formation of subsurface freshwater lenses on top of brackish groundwater is a fascinating hydrologic phenomenon that creates groundwater supplies of great potential value in arid regions. Information on the recharge quantity and mechanism of these lenses is both scarce and uncertain. This study examines the formation and macroscale stability of the Rawdatain freshwater lens in Kuwait, for which significant pre‐development data are available. The Rawdatain is a large (150 million m3) subsurface freshwater lens overlying brackish groundwater compared to the other freshwater lenses in the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, a three‐dimensional (3D) density‐dependent groundwater flow model is tested against the following data targets to estimate long‐term diffuse and focused groundwater recharge: (i) groundwater head, (ii) total dissolved solids (TDS) groundwater concentration, (iii) volume and vertical thickness of stored groundwater of three different water quality TDS ranges (0–700, 700–1000 and 1000–2000 mg/L) and (iv) geometrical shape features of the lens along cross‐sections. To better represent the spatial variation in TDS, six different recharge zones were assigned to allocate diffuse and focused recharge conditions. Twelve recharge rate scenarios, encompassing a wide range of feasible long‐term average annual recharge values (200,000–5,000,000 m3/year), were tested against the multiple targets and compared with the groundwater age of the Rawdatain lens. Based on comparison with data targets, the long‐term average annual recharge is estimated to be 500,000 m3/year. Scenarios of reduced recharge, which may occur due to changes in land‐use or climate, demonstrate the extremely slow response of the lens, which is in agreement with the slow development and formation of the lens (>2,000 years). Within a 100‐year time frame, a 50% reduction in annual recharge reduces the lens volumes by 21, 17 and 9% for the three water quality categories, respectively. This study demonstrates the stability of freshwater lenses in arid regions and also provides methodology for similar focused rainfall recharge freshwater lenses.
Click functionalized, tissue‐specific hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering
Authors: Guo Jason L. , Li Ang , Kim Yu Seon , Xie Virginia Y. , Smith Brandon T. , Watson Emma , Bao Gang , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOsteochondral repair requires the induction of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone development, necessitating the presentation of multiple tissue‐specific cues for these highly distinct tissues. To provide a singular hydrogel system for the repair of either tissue type, we have developed biofunctionalized, mesenchymal stem cell‐laden hydrogels that can present in situ biochemical cues for either chondrogenesis or osteogenesis by simple click modification of a crosslinker, poly(glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(glycolic acid)‐di(but‐2‐yne‐1,4‐dithiol) (PdBT). After modifying PdBT with either cartilage‐specific biomolecules (N‐cadherin peptide, chondroitin sulfate) or bone‐specific biomolecules (bone marrow homing peptide 1, glycine‐histidine‐lysine peptide), the biofunctionalized, PdBT‐crosslinked hydrogels can selectively promote the desired bone‐ or cartilage‐like matrix synthesis and tissue‐specific gene expression, with effects dependent on both biomolecule selection and concentration. Our findings establish the versatility of this click functionalized hydrogel system as well as its ability to promote in vitro development of osteochondral tissue phenotypes.
Blockchain consortium networks: Adding security and trust in financial services
Authors: Nathan Julia , Jacobs Bob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article explores blockchain consortium networks as an emerging technology for financial institutions. Blockchain is quickly becoming recognized for its value as an immutable ledger within the financial services industry. While Blockchain provides direct benefits in fraud prevention and transaction efficiency, consortium networks specifically address a need for increased trust and security in shared business processes. Also discussed are strategic decisions needed for implementing blockchain consortium networks at the enterprise level with topics ranging from membership choices to use of cloud services.
Qualitative and Quantitative Reporting of a Unique Biparametric MRI: Towards Biparametric MRI‐Based Nomograms for Prediction of Prostate Biopsy Outcome in Men With a Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer (IMPROD and MULTI‐IMPROD Trials)
Authors: Perez Ileana Montoya , Jambor Ivan , Kauko Tommi , Verho Janne , Ettala Otto , Falagario Ugo , Merisaari Harri , Kiviniemi Aida , Taimen Pekka , Syvänen Kari T. , Knaapila Juha , Seppänen Marjo , Rannikko Antti , Riikonen Jarno , Kallajoki Markku , Mirtti Tuomas , Lamminen Tarja , Saunavaara Jani , Pahikkala Tapio , Boström Peter J. , Aronen Hannu J. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMultiparametric MRI of the prostate has been shown to improve the risk stratification of men with an elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). However, long acquisition time, high cost, and inter‐center/reader variability of a routine prostate multiparametric MRI limit its wider adoption.PurposeTo develop and validate nomograms based on unique rapid biparametric MRI (bpMRI) qualitative and quantitative derived variables for prediction of clinically significant cancer (SPCa).Study TypeRetrospective analyses of single (IMPROD, NCT01864135) and multiinstitution trials (MULTI‐IMPROD, NCT02241122).Population161 and 338 prospectively enrolled men who completed the IMPROD and MULTI‐IMPROD trials, respectively.Field Strength/SequenceIMPROD bpMRI: 3T/1.5T, T2‐weighted imaging, three separate diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions: 1) b‐values 0, 100, 200, 300, 500 s/mm2; 2) b values 0, 1500 s/mm2; 3) values 0, 2000 s/mm2.AssessmentThe primary endpoint of the combined trial analysis was the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IMPROD bpMRI and clinical variables for detection of SPCa.Statistical TestsLogistic regression models were developed using IMPROD trial data and validated using MULTI‐IMPROD trial data. The model's performance was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) values for the detection of SPCa, defined as ISUP Gleason Grade Group ≥2.ResultsA model incorporating clinical variables had an AUC (95% confidence interval) of 0.83 (0.77–0.89) and 0.80 (0.75–0.85) in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. The corresponding values for a model using IMPROD bpMRI findings were 0.93 (0.89–0.97), and 0.88 (0.84–0.92), respectively. Further addition of the quantitative DWI‐based score did not improve AUC values (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionA prediction model using qualitative IMPROD bpMRI findings demonstrated high accuracy for predicting SPCa in men with an elevated PSA. Online risk calculator: http://petiv.utu.fi/multiimprod/Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1556–1567.
Influence of the treatment of periodontal disease in serum concentration of sirtuin 1 and mannose‐binding lectin
Authors: Caribé Pérola Michelle Vasconcelos , Villar Cristina Cunha , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Pacanaro Ana Paula , Strunz Célia Maria Cassaro , Takada Júlio Yoshio , Cesar Luiz Antônio Machado , Mansur Antonio de Padua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased levels of periodontal pathogens disrupt the homeostasis between the host and its microbiota and increase susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Periodontitis increases the serum concentration of mannose‐binding lectin (MBL), which exacerbates local inflammatory processes. In animal studies, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was associated with protection against inflammation. This study analyzed the influence of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on serum levels of MBL and SIRT1.MethodsForty patients with periodontitis and 38 periodontally healthy individuals (aged 45 to 79 years) were included. Periodontitis patients received scaling and root planing using machine driven and hand instruments. Clinical parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, MBL, and SIRT1 levels were measured at baseline and at post‐treatment.ResultsFor all patients, an inverse correlation was observed between serum concentrations of MBL and SIRT1 (r = ‐0.30; P = 0.006). Periodontal treatment reduced serum concentrations of MBL (1,099.35 ± 916.59 to 861.42 ± 724.82 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and C‐reactive protein (6.05 ± 8.99 to 2.49 ± 2.89 mg/L; P = 0.009). By contrast, SIRT1 serum levels increased (1.06 ± 1.03 to 1.66 ± 1.64 ng/mL; P < 0.001) following periodontal treatment.ConclusionsPeriodontal treatment was associated with decreased serum concentrations of MBL and CRP and increased serum levels of SIRT1. Prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of these biomarkers on pathophysiology of periodontitis.
Vascular reconstruction using autologous vs synthetic graft for patients with extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma involving the major vessels
Authors: Mlees Mohamed A. , Elbarbary Ahmed H. , Sallam Emad M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveArterial reconstruction after radical limb‐sparing resection of extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) involving great vessels is necessary. However, there is no agreement upon the optimal vascular substitute. This study prospectively evaluated the major vascular reconstructions in extremity STS surgery with vascular involvement.Patients and MethodsBetween June 2017 and August 2019, 29 patients having extremity STS with major vascular reconstruction were enrolled. Recurrent, metastatic STSs or STSs of vascular origin were excluded. Patients were non‐randomly divided into two groups according to the type of arterial substitute: group I, autologous graft (16 patients) and group II, synthetic graft (13 patients). Graft patency, postoperative morbidity, and patient and limb survival were analyzed.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 12 months (range, 6‐26). Early postoperative complications and overall survival were nonsignificantly different between groups. The 1‐year primary patency was 92.85% vs 90% in groups I vs II, respectively, P = .704. Graft occlusion was nonsignificantly greater in the synthetic group, P = .107. Limb salvage was 93.75% in group I compared with 92.3% in group II, P = .87.ConclusionsGraft choice should be based on autologous vein suitability regarding its length and caliber. If such requirements are not available, synthetic substitutes can be used with close surveillance of patency.
A posteriori error estimate for discontinuous Galerkin finite element method on polytopal mesh
Authors: Cui Jintao , Gao Fuzheng , Sun Zhengjia , Zhu Peng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, we derive a posteriori error estimates for discontinuous Galerkin finite element method on polytopal mesh. We construct a reliable and efficient a posteriori error estimator on general polygonal or polyhedral meshes. An adaptive algorithm based on the error estimator and DG method is proposed to solve a variety of test problems. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.