bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct evidence for crossover and chromatid interference in meiosis of two plant hybrids (Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensisandAllium cepa×A. roylei)
Authors: Ferreira Marco Tulio Mendes , Glombik Marek , Perničková Kateřina , Duchoslav Martin , Scholten Olga , Karafiátová Miroslava , Techio Vania Helena , Doležel Jaroslav , Lukaszewski Adam J , Kopecký David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrossing over, in addition to its strictly genetic role, also performs a critical mechanical function, by bonding homologues in meiosis. Hence, it is responsible for an orderly reduction of the chromosome number. As such, it is strictly controlled in frequency and distribution. The well-known crossover control is positive crossover interference which reduces the probability of a crossover in the vicinity of an already formed crossover. A poorly studied aspect of the control is chromatid interference. Such analyses are possible in very few organisms as they require observation of all four products of a single meiosis. Here, we provide direct evidence of chromatid interference. Using in situ probing in two interspecific plant hybrids (Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensis and Allium cepa×A. roylei) during anaphase I, we demonstrate that the involvement of four chromatids in double crossovers is significantly more frequent than expected (64% versus 25%). We also provide a physical measure of the crossover interference distance, covering ~30–40% of the relative chromosome arm length, and show that the centromere acts as a barrier for crossover interference. The two arms of a chromosome appear to act as independent units in the process of crossing over. Chromatid interference has to be seriously addressed in genetic mapping approaches and further studies.
Bias and discrimination: what do we know?
Authors: Giusta Marina Della , Bosworth Steven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the economic literature on gender bias, illustrating the underpinnings in the psychology of bias and stereotyping; the incorporation of these insights into current theoretical and empirical research in economics; and the literature on methods to contrast bias, presenting evidence (where it exists) of their effectiveness. The second part of the paper presents results of an experiment in revealing unconscious bias.
Familial Mediterranean fever: clinical state of the art
Authors: Egeli B H , Ugurlu S 
Published: October 2020

Summary
As the inflammation research improves year-by-year, so does our understanding of the autoinflammatory conditions. Over the past years, the number of monogenic autoinflammatory conditions snowballed thanks to our understanding of basic immunology and genetics. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), being the entrance to this fascinating world, still has clinical relevance as it enables us to understand our approach to these patients, treatment modalities and pathological mechanisms. This review can be used as a tool for clinicians already working with FMF patients to update themselves on recent scientific literature.
Segal’s Gamma rings and universal arithmetic
Authors: Connes Alain , Consani Caterina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSegal’s Γ-rings provide a natural framework for absolute algebraic geometry. We use G. Almkvist’s global Witt construction to explore the relation with J. Borger ${\mathbb F}_1$-geometry and compute the Witt functor-ring ${\mathbb W}_0({\mathbb S})$ of the simplest Γ-ring ${\mathbb S}$. We prove that it is isomorphic to the Galois invariant part of the BC-system, and exhibit the close relation between λ-rings and the Arithmetic Site. Then, we concentrate on the Arakelov compactification ${\overline{{\rm Spec\,}{\mathbb Z}}}$ which acquires a structure sheaf of ${\mathbb S}$-algebras. After supplying a probabilistic interpretation of the classical theta invariant of a divisor D on ${\overline{{\rm Spec\,}{\mathbb Z}}}$, we show how to associate to D a Γ-space that encodes, in homotopical terms, the Riemann–Roch problem for D.
Cohomology of the Universal Smooth Cubic Surface
Authors: Das Ronno 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compute the rational cohomology of the universal family of smooth cubic surfaces using Vassiliev’s method of simplicial resolution. Modulo embedding, the universal family has cohomology isomorphic to that of $\mathbb{P}^2$. A consequence of our theorem is that over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, away from finitely many characteristics, the average number of points on a smooth cubic surface is q2+q + 1.
VARIATIONS IN SOIL RADON LEVELS DURING WINTER AND SPRING PERIODS
Authors: Gavriliev Sakhayaan , Petrova Tatiana , Miklyaev Petr , Nefedov Nikolay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Radon poses significant health risk due to inhalation and subsequent α-decay of its progeny and is the second biggest cause of lung cancer worldwide. In Russian Federation, radon flux density (RFD) measurements are performed routinely to assess radon safety of land lots before construction takes place. This study aims to show possible ‘weather’-influenced variations in RFD and radon activity concentration (RAC) that can occur during winter and spring periods in climatic conditions typical for territories with severe snowy winters. Results show that RFD correlates with weather, having a significant correlation with ambient air temperature in winter as well as spring periods and a weak inverse correlation with wind speed. In spring, RFD also responds to an increase in soil moisture, dropping severely because of rainfall. RAC, however, correlates very little with weather but has a weak inverse correlation with RFD.
Exit, voice and loyalty in the family: findings from a basic income experiment
Authors: Gonalons-Pons Pilar , Calnitsky David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how a basic income could transform families and gender power relations within them. We draw on Hirschman’s exit, voice and loyalty framework to argue that a basic income can offer a structural foundation for a radical shift towards more equitable family relations. This is because a basic income can support couples through economic uncertainty and reduce women’s structural vulnerability to economic dependency within marriages that strips them of exit and voice. We build our case on novel data from an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Income Experiment, or Mincome. Using difference-in-difference regression with individual fixed-effects, we analyze three types of family outcomes: separation, bargaining power and marital conflict. We find that during Mincome unhappy couples became more likely to consider separation, but that separation overall did not increase. We also find that Mincome reduced marital conflict associated with financial stressors and that some measures of wives’ bargaining power increased. Taken together, our results speak in favor of the view that a basic income has the potential to foster more equitable family lives.
Integrative taxonomy of enigmatic deep-sea true whelks in the sister-generaEnigmaticolusandThermosipho(Gastropoda: Buccinidae)
Authors: Chen Chong , Xu Ting , Fraussen Koen , Qiu Jian-Wen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhelks in the sister-genera Enigmaticolus and Thermosipho (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) commonly inhabit deep-water hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Thermosipho desbruyeresi, originally described from the Lau Basin, was thought to occur in vents across the western Pacific, with Eosipho desbruyeresi nipponensis described from the Okinawa Trough treated as its junior synonym. However, new material collected from vents in the Okinawa Trough and seeps in the South China Sea exhibit key characteristics of Enigmaticolus. Re-examination of the types revealed that Eosipho d. nipponensis is actually morphologically distinct from Thermosipho desbruyeresi. A molecular phylogeny reconstructed using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed the placement of both taxa in Enigmaticolus and supported their distinctiveness at the species level. We, therefore, rehabilitate E. d. nipponensis as Enigmaticolus nipponensis comb. nov. and transfer T. desbruyeresi to the same genus, as Enigmaticolus desbruyeresi comb. nov. Our results also revealed that Enigmaticolus monnieri described from east Africa and E. inflatus described from the South China Sea are in fact conspecific with E. nipponensis. We discuss the distribution and biogeography, as well as morphological variability, of Enigmaticolus in the light of these new findings. Thermosipho is then left with only its type species, T. auzendei from the East Pacific vents. We have revised the diagnosis for the two genera, as well as the species included in them.
Prognostic Nomograms to Predict Overall Survival and Cancer-specific Survival in Sacrum/Pelvic Chondrosarcoma (SC) Patients
Authors: Zheng Xuan-Qi , Huang Jin-Feng , Chen Dong , Lin Jia-Liang , Wu Ai-Min 
Published: October 2020

Study Design:
A longitudinal cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and determine the difference between different surgery scopes. Nomograms were constructed and validated to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of sacrum/pelvic chondrosarcoma (SC) patients.

Summary of Background Data:
Chondrosarcoma is a bone malignancy which is reported to be resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, surgery is the most preferred treatment method. However, this remains a great challenge due to the complex anatomy of the area.

Materials and Methods:
Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of patients with conventional SC between 1998 and 2016 was retrieved for analysis. Cox analysis was used to estimate the mortality hazards ratios among patients. Propensity score matching was used to compare different surgery scope. Nomograms were constructed to predict the OS and CSS of patients with SC.

Results:
A total of 377 patients were included in this study. The cutoff value for tumor size was considered to be 118 mm. The concordance indices (C-index) value for nomogram predictions of CSS were 0.871. Following propensity score matching, 158 patients were selected for the second time and its result showed no significant difference between the scope of surgery.

Conclusions:
Tumor size was considered to be closely related to the outcome of SC. There is no significant difference in the scope of surgery and limb salvage can be considered. The nomograms can precisely predict OS and CSS in patients with SC. These could help clinicians to perform survival assessments and identify patients at high risk.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
ATYPICAL CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY WITH CHOROIDAL DETACHMENT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Manayath George J. , Kuthirummal Nikhil , Ranjan Ratnesh , Verghese Shishir , Venkatapathy Narendran 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
We describe long-term follow-up of a patient with atypical chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with inferior bullous retinal detachment and 360° choroidal detachment, findings on multimodal imaging, differential diagnoses, and treatment.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 66-year-old male patient, known case of bilateral chronic central serous chorioretinopathy on follow-up, presented to us with sudden painless worsening of vision in the right eye. The fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and fundus fluorescein angiography showed an atypical chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with inferior bullous retinal detachment and peripheral choroidal detachment. The patient underwent half-fluence photodynamic therapy in the right eye. At 3 months post-photodynamic therapy, there was resolution of choroidal detachment and minimal subretinal fluid was persisting in the inferior periphery, with improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Posterior choroidal loculation of fluid is a described entity in central serous chorioretinopathy. The possible explanations for anterior choroidal loculation of fluid in this case are: either a fresh excessive leakage of fluid from the posterior choroid and that fluid may have traversed to the peripheral choroid, or diffuse choroidal leakage extending up to the equatorial region, which resulted in peripheral choroidal thickening and suprachoroidal fluid accumulation.
The Effect of Integrating Primary Care and Mental Health Services on Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Wolff Lisa S. , Flynn Amy , Xuan Ziming , Errichetti Karen S. , Tapia Walker Stephanie , Brodesky Michelle K. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Health care delivery systems are increasingly integrating physical and mental health services to address patients’ complex needs, contain costs, and improve satisfaction. Therefore, it is critical to understand whether adoption of integrated care models is effective in diverse settings.

Objective:
This study examined the effect of integrated care on physical and mental health outcomes among low-income Latino participants on the US-Mexico border.

Research Design:
In this quasi-experimental multisite study, individual-level data were pooled from 8 studies of locally adapted integrated care models.

Subjects:
Participants were 18 years or older and had 1 or more chronic conditions: diabetes, depression, hypertension, or obesity. The study enrolled 4226 participants with 2254 participants in the intervention group and 1972 in the comparison group.

Measures:
Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score and blood glucose measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Blood pressure, body mass index, and quality of life were secondary outcomes.

Results:
Multivariable linear regression analyses indicated intervention participants had significantly lower Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores (β=−0.39, P=0.03) and HbA1c (β=−0.14, P=0.02) at 12 months compared with comparison group participants. Stratified analyses showed improvements in HbA1c were even greater among intervention participants who had diabetes, depression, severe and persistent mental illness, were older or female compared with their counterparts in the comparison group.

Conclusions:
Health care is constantly transforming, making it critical to study these changes across populations and settings. Findings from this study indicate that integrated care can significantly improve mental and physical health in an underserved Latino population.
Coaching Strategies Used to Support Interprofessional Teams in 3 Primary Care Centers
Authors: Lee Elizabeth A. , Hendricks Susan , LaMothe Julie , Draucker Claire Burke , Wright Lauren 
Published: October 2020

Purpose/Aims
Clinical nurse specialists and other advanced practice registered nurses use healthcare team coaching to foster interprofessional practice and enhance healthcare quality. Although coaching has been shown to support positive changes in healthcare, little is known about how coaching strategies are used in practice. The purpose of this study was to describe the strategies used by an experienced healthcare team coach tasked with advancing interprofessional care and teamwork in primary care clinics.

Methods
This qualitative description study was part of a larger project that included an objective to increase interprofessional practice in 3 primary care clinics in the midwestern United States. Data drawn from 35 audio-recorded and transcribed coaching telephone calls were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Twelve coaching strategies were identified and divided into the following groups: (a) enhancing team development, (b) affirming the work of the team, (c) facilitating progress, (d) providing resources, and (e) connecting work to theoretical frameworks.

Conclusions
The coaching strategies described in this study can inform the work of clinical nurse specialists and other advanced practice registered nurses charged with advancing interprofessional collaborative practice. Future research is recommended to examine the efficacy of strategies and develop a comprehensive model of healthcare team coaching.
Adenosine modulates extracellular glutamate levels via adenosine A2A receptors in the delayed-ethanol induced headache
Authors: Fried Nathan T. , Maxwell Christina R. , Hoek Jan B. , Elliott Melanie B. , Oshinsky Michael L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentifying the mechanism behind delayed ethanol-induced headache (DEIH), otherwise known as the hangover headache, may provide insight into the mechanisms behind common headache triggers. Acetate was previously shown to be the key ethanol metabolite behind DEIH in the recurrent inflammatory stimulation (IS) rat model of headache. The reversal of trigeminal sensitivity following ethanol exposure with caffeine previously suggested a role of adenosine in DEIH. To characterize this, behavioral analysis and measurement of brainstem adenosine and glutamate with microdialysis and HPLC was performed while pharmacologically manipulating adenosine signaling in the IS and Spontaneous Trigeminal Allodynia (STA) rat models of headache. Blocking adenosine A2Areceptor activation with istradefylline or acetate transport into astrocytes with the monocarboxylate transporter competitive inhibitor, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4-CIN), prevented acetate-induced trigeminal sensitivity. Blocking adenosine A1, A2B, and A3receptor signaling did not prevent trigeminal sensitivity. Compared to control rats, IS rats had greater increases in extracellular adenosine and glutamate within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of the brainstem during local acetate perfusion. Blocking transport of acetate into astrocytes with 4-CIN prevented the increase in adenosine and glutamate. Blocking A2Areceptor activation prevented the increase in extracellular glutamate, but not adenosine in the TNC. These data are the first to demonstrate the physiological consequence of acetate on adenosinergic systems within trigeminal pain by suggesting that acetate-induced trigeminal sensitivity in DEIH is mediated by adenosine A2Areceptor activation which modulates extracellular glutamate levels in the TNC.Significance StatementIt is unknown how several common headache triggers induce headache pain. Since migraineurs are more sensitive to these triggers, studying the mechanisms behind their effects may reveal unique migraine pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the common headache trigger, ethanol, which migraineurs are particularly sensitive to. When ethanol is ingested, its quickly metabolized to acetaldehyde and subsequently into acetate. We find that acetate increases brainstem adenosine and causes trigeminal sensitivity, which is exacerbated in the rat headache model. Blocking either acetate uptake or adenosine signaling prevents trigeminal sensitivity and brainstem glutamatergic signaling, suggesting that adenosine is involved in the hangover headache and that differences in acetate metabolism may account for the increased sensitivity to ethanol in migraineurs.
DICE: Deep Significance Clustering for Outcome-Driven Stratification
Authors: Huang Yufang , Park Joel C. , Axsom Kelly M. , Subramanian Lakshminarayanan , Zhang Yiye 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present deep significance clustering (DICE), a framework for jointly performing representation learning and clustering for “outcome-driven” stratification. Motivated by practical needs in medicine to risk-stratify patients into subgroups, DICE brings self-supervision to unsupervised tasks to generate cluster membership that may be used to categorize unseen patients by risk levels. DICE is driven by a combined objective function and constraint which require a statistically significant association between the outcome and cluster membership of learned representations. DICE also performs a neural architecture search to optimize cluster membership and hyper-parameters for model likelihood and classification accuracy. The performance of DICE was evaluated using two datasets with different outcome ratios extracted from real-world electronic health records of patients who were treated for coronavirus disease 2019 and heart failure. Outcomes are defined as in-hospital mortality (15.9%) and discharge home (36.8%), respectively. Results show that DICE has superior performance as measured by the difference in outcome distribution across clusters, Silhouette score, Calinski-Harabasz index, and Davies-Bouldin index for clustering, and Area under the ROC Curve for outcome classification compared to baseline approaches.
A polymer gel index-matched to water enables diverse applications in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Han Xiaofei , Su Yijun , White Hamilton , O’Neill Kate M. , Morgan Nicole Y. , Christensen Ryan , Potarazu Deepika , Vishwasrao Harshad D. , Xu Stephen , Sun Yilun , Huang Shar-yin , Moyle Mark W. , Dai Qionghai , Pommier Yves , Giniger Edward , Albrecht Dirk R. , Probst Roland , Shroff Hari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging through thick layers (tens-hundreds of microns) of BIO-133, a biocompatible, UV-curable, commercially available polymer with a refractive index (RI) matched to water. We show that cells can be directly grown on BIO-133 substrates without the need for surface passivation and use this capability to perform extended time-lapse volumetric imaging of cellular dynamics 1) at isotropic resolution using dual-view light-sheet microscopy, and 2) at super-resolution using instant structured illumination microscopy. BIO-133 also enables immobilization of 1)Drosophilatissue, allowing us to track membrane puncta in pioneer neurons, and 2)Caenorhabditis elegans, which allows us to image and inspect fine neural structure and to track pan-neuronal calcium activity over hundreds of volumes. Finally, BIO-133 is compatible with other microfluidic materials, enabling optical and chemical perturbation of immobilized samples, as we demonstrate by performing drug and optogenetic stimulation on cells andC. elegans.
KMD clustering: Robust general-purpose clustering of biological data
Authors: Zelig Aviv , Kariti Hagai , Kaplan Noam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe noisy and high-dimensional nature of biological data has spawned advanced clustering algorithms that are tailored for specific biological datatypes. However, the performance of such methods varies greatly between datasets and they require post hoc tuning of cryptic hyperparameters. We present k minimal distance (KMD) clustering, a general-purpose method based on a generalization of single and average linkage hierarchical clustering. We introduce a generalized silhouette-like function to eliminate the cryptic hyperparameter k, and use sampling to enable application to million-object datasets. Rigorous comparisons to general and specialized clustering methods on simulated, mass cytometry and scRNA-seq datasets show consistent high performance of KMD clustering across all datasets.