bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and depression in pediatric patients with vitiligo and alopecia areata and their parents: A cross‐sectional controlled study
Authors: Savaş Erdoğan Sevil , Falay Gür Tuğba , Doğan Bilal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are associated with various psychiatric comorbidities, and the care of a child with AA or vitiligo may be associated with higher anxiety and depression than healthy children.AimsWe aimed to identify psychiatric findings in children and adolescent groups with AA and vitiligo and to evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression in their parents.MethodsThis study included 31 patients with AA and 29 patients with vitiligo, aged seven to 17 years, and their parents. Age‐ and gender‐matched 30 controls and their parents were included. The patients and controls completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales‐Child version (RCADS‑C), and their parents completed the parent version (RCADS‐P). The parents also completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, the stressful event history of all cases was noted.ResultsStressful event history was higher in the vitiligo group compared to the AA group, and it was higher in the AA and vitiligo groups compared to the control group. Separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and major depressive disorder (MDD) scores were higher in the AA group than controls according to the RCADS‐C. According to the RCADS‐P, panic disorder (PD), MDD, and total anxiety scores were higher in the AA group. Only the PD and MDD scores were higher in the vitiligo group than those of the controls based on the RCADS‐P. Lastly, no significant difference was observed between the three groups concerning the parents' BAI and BDI scores.ConclusionsStressful events were more common in pediatric patients with vitiligo than those with AA. Anxiety symptoms were more prevalent in patients with AA than those with vitiligo.
Retracted: The role of hyaluronic acid and amino acid against the aging of the human skin: A clinical and histological study
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Sbarbati Andrea , Amore Roberto , Iorio Eugenio Luigi , Ferraro Giueseppe , Marchetti Marco , Amuso Domenico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn esthetic medicine, different techniques have been used against the aging of the human skin especially in the facial area. Hyaluronic acid is used for improving the quantity of water and extracellular matrix molecule. The aim of this study is a clinical and histological evaluation of the effect of low‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acid fragments mixed with amino acid (HAAM) on the rejuvenation the face skin treated with intradermal microinjections.MethodsTwenty women with mean age 45 range from 35 to 64 were studied, thereof 8 in menopause and 12 of childbearing age. The patients were treated with the HAAM products by mesotherapy technique; before and after 3 months of the therapeutic procedure, each patient underwent small biopsies with a circular punch biopsy.ResultsThe clinical results of the present study showed that the administration of the dermal filler containing fragments of hyaluronic acid between 20 and 38 monomers and amino acid via dermis injection technique produces an esthetic improvement in the faces of the treated patients, while the histological evaluation shows an increased fibroblast activity with the production of type III reticular collagen and increased number of vessels and epidermis thickness.ConclusionsThe clinical and histological assessment showed that subcutaneous HAAM infiltration has a significant impact on the dermis and clinical aspects of the face.
A Method for Economical Smartphone‐Based Clinical 3D Facial Scanning
Authors: Nightingale Renee Christine , Ross Maureen Therese , Allenby Mark Colin , Woodruff Maria Ann , Powell Sean Keiran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThree‐dimensional (3D) facial scanning is an emerging clinical tool to capture external anatomical features for quantitative assessment and treatment in a wide range of clinical settings.Materials and MethodsIn this study, an economical approach for rapid scanning of faces in the clinic was developed and validated to record valuable 3D patient data using smartphone cameras and photogrammetry software. Five novice operators were recruited to watch an instructional video developed on the technique before scanning 20 healthy adult participants.ResultsThe smartphone‐based photogrammetry approach produced scans with 1.3 mm (±0.3 mm) accuracy in comparison to a metrology‐rated gold standard device and were 88% (±14%) complete, with no significant difference observed between operators. A moderate to strong intrarater reliability was determined for all novice operators, suggesting that first‐use operators can capture consistent scans based on watching an instructional video.ConclusionSmartphone photogrammetry could provide a rapid, noninvasive and economical method to capture patient morphological data for clinical assessment and personalized device manufacture. Inexperienced operators can quickly learn and utilize smartphone photogrammetry to provide accurate and reliable facial scans, essential for future clinical translation.
New mouse model of underactive bladder developed by placement of a metal ring around the bladder neck
Authors: Eljamal Kareman , Kajioka Shunichi , Maki Tomoko , Ushijima Miho , Kawagoe Kentaro , Lee Ken , Sasaguri Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a new mouse model of underactive bladder (UAB) caused by chronic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).MethodsBOO was created in 6‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice using surgery to loosely place a silver jump ring around the bladder neck of each mouse. Micturition behavior (assessed with a metabolic cage) and cystometry were used to evaluate bladder function at 8 and 16 weeks after BOO. Following completion of the functional studies, the bladders of the mice were excised, weighed, and subjected to histological analysis.ResultsMicturition behavior analysis showed that mice subjected to BOO for 16 weeks had a lower frequency of micturition (7.3 ± 1.1 vs 12.5 ± 3.0 times/d, P < .05) and volume per void (106.0 ± 0.1 vs 133.9 ± 3.2 μL, P < .05) than mice subjected to BOO for 8 weeks. Cystometry revealed that mice subjected to BOO for 16 weeks had lower baseline pressure (8.4 ± 0.6 vs 14.0 ± 0.7 cmH2O, P < .01) and micturition pressure (13.9 ± 1.1 vs 42.8 ± 1.7 cmH2O, P < .05) than mice subjected to BOO for 8 weeks. BOO caused progressive increases in bladder mass and collagen deposition over time.ConclusionsWe successfully established a novel mouse model of UAB using surgery to place a silver jump ring loosely on the bladder neck. BOO initially induced bladder overactivity but subsequently resulted in UAB due to deterioration of detrusor smooth muscle contractility and progressive deposition of collagen in the bladder wall.
Reference values of mandibular condyles metabolic activity: A study using 99mTc‐MDP single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: López Diego Fernando , Castro María Angélica , Muñoz Juan Manuel , Cárdenas‐Perilla Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the condylar bone metabolic activity in patients with temporomandibular joint health by measuring 99mTc‐MDP uptake using a single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to establish reference values of the uptake difference between condyles and the ratio with respect to the clivus.Setting and sample populationEighty consecutive patients of both sexes who were admitted to a Nuclear Medicine Centre between 2017 and 2019 were included in the study.MethodThis was an observational cross‐sectional study in patients with SPECT indications to evaluate pathologies other than those of the temporomandibular joint. The values of the total and normalized counts in a fixed region of interest of five trans‐axial slides were obtained to assess the percentage difference between the sides and the uptake ratio. The reference values are expressed as median and 5th and 95th percentiles.ResultsThe sample included 53 women (66.25%) and 27 men (33.75%) aged 15‐55 years. The percentage of uptake difference between condyles was 5.04% (0.46‐14.78) for men and 5.17% (0.27‐13.21) for women (difference not significant, P = .9). The uptake difference was below 10% in 85% of the subjects (n = 68). The ratio values for total counts in women (0.87, 0.46‐1.33) were significantly different (P = .0030) from those in men (1.08, 0.61‐2.09). No significant correlation with age was found.ConclusionsThese new reference ranges are applicable to the diagnosis of unilateral and bilateral condylar hyperplasia.
Pulmonary hypertensive crisis: A potential reason for right ventricle and pacemaker lead failure
Authors: Aydemir Merve Maze , Kafali Hasan Candas , Gemici Hakan , Yildiz Okan , Ergul Yakup 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiac pacemakers have improved patient survival and quality of life, although malfunctions can be seen. We present the case of a girl with Seckel syndrome and congenital complete heart block. She had a single chamber permanent pacemaker in the right ventricle. When she referred us with a pulmonary hypertensive crisis (PHC), it was seen that the device was not pacing even in maximum threshold and pulse width values. After new epicardial lead implantation into the left ventricular apex, capture could be established again. For the cases presenting with capture failure, after eliminating lead‐related problems and biochemical abnormalities, PHC should be kept in mind as a reason.
Age‐related white matter changes revealed by a whole‐brain fiber‐tracking method in bipolar disorder compared to major depressive disorder and healthy controls
Authors: Masuda Yoshikazu , Okada Go , Takamura Masahiro , Shibasaki Chiyo , Yoshino Atsuo , Yokoyama Satoshi , Ichikawa Naho , Okuhata Shiho , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yamawaki Shigeto , Okamoto Yasumasa 
Published: October 2020

AimSeveral studies have reported altered age‐associated changes in white matter integrity in bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known as to whether these age‐related changes are illness‐specific. We assessed disease‐specific effects by controlling for age and investigated age‐associated changes and Group × Age interactions in white matter integrity among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, BD patients, and healthy controls.MethodsHealthy controls (n = 96; age range, 20–77 years), MDD patients (n = 101; age range, 25–78 years), and BD patients (n = 58; age range, 22–76 years) participated in this study. Fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging in 54 white matter tracts were compared after controlling for the linear and quadratic effect of age using a generalized linear model. Age‐related effects and Age × Group interactions were also assessed in the model.ResultsThe main effect of group was significant in the left column and body of the fornix after controlling for both linear and quadratic effects of age, and in the left body of the corpus callosum after controlling for the quadratic effect of age. BD patients exhibited significantly lower FA relative to other groups. There was no Age × Group interaction in the tracts.ConclusionSignificant FA reductions were found in BD patients after controlling for age, indicating that abnormal white matter integrity in BD may occur at a younger age rather than developing progressively with age.
Heart rate response to orthostatic challenge in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Omoya Rie , Miyajima Miho , Ohta Katsuya , Suzuki Yoko , Aoki Ai , Fujiwara Mayo , Watanabe Takafumi , Yoshida Noriko , Suwa Hiroshi , Kawara Tokuhiro , Takahashi Hidehiko , Matsushima Eisuke , Takeuchi Takashi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTo elucidate the differences in autonomic dysfunction between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease using a simple and convenient method, we investigated the heart rate response to orthostatic challenge.MethodsNinety‐seven people participated in this cross‐sectional study, and data from 26 DLB patients, 29 Alzheimer's disease patients, and 25 healthy elderly individuals were analysed. Participants underwent postural changes, including 5 min in a supine position, 1 min in a sitting position, and 3 min in an orthostatic position. Their heart rates were continuously recorded. Two heart rate variables were analysed as main outcomes: (i) the difference between heart rate in the sitting position and the peak heart rate within 15 s of orthostasis, defined as the ‘early heart rate increase’; and (ii) the difference between the peak heart rate and the negative peak heart rate after this, defined as ‘early heart rate recovery.’ An early heart rate increase has been considered to reflect parasympathetic and sympathetic functions. Early heart rate recovery is considered to reflect parasympathetic function. We also investigated the frequency domains of resting heart rate variability.ResultsA significant difference was observed across the three groups in early heart rate increase, and that of the DLB group was lower than that of the healthy control group. Early heart rate recovery also differed significantly across the three groups, and that of the DLB group was less than that of the healthy control group. In addition, the power of the low‐frequency component, which represents both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, was significantly decreased in the DLB group compared to the Alzheimer's disease group.ConclusionsImpaired heart rate response to standing was detected in patients with DLB. Electrocardiogram is a convenient, non‐invasive method that might be useful as a subsidiary marker for DLB diagnosis and differentiation from Alzheimer's disease.
Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a modern halite sequence formed under Dead Sea level fall
Authors: Sirota Ido , Enzel Yehouda , Mor Ziv , Ben Moshe Liran , Eyal Haggai , Lowenstein Tim K. , Lensky Nadav G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalite sequences in the geological record accumulated in deep hypersaline basins. However, such halite sequences are interpreted based on modern analogues of halite deposition in shallow hypersaline environments. Recently, halite deposition in the deep, hypersaline Dead Sea has been studied together with its coeval environmental and limnogeological forcing. This is the closest modern analogue for deep environments. Therefore, stratigraphy, sedimentology and petrography of a well‐dated, high‐resolution modern Dead Sea halite sequence are explored. The sequence was deposited during a ca 30 m lake‐level decline since the onset of modern halite deposition in 1980, and was compared with sub‐annual lake levels, precipitation and flood records. The sedimentology of the sequence documents the trend of shallowing water depth, including individual floods. The sequence base is composed of alternating bottom growth‐cumulate halite annual couplets, typical of deep hypolimnetic water deposition. Up‐sequence, the annual couplets disappear and towards its top are composed of cumulate layers with dissolution features, typical of shallow epilimnetic water deposition. Halite deposition rate is reduced by 60% at the shallow lakefloor compared with the deep lakefloor, mainly due to the summer undersaturation that leads to depocentre ‘halite focusing'. The top of the sequence contains shoreline deposits, halolites (halite ooids) and polygonal surface cracks, indicating subaerial exposure. This study shows petrographic indicators for summer thermal dissolution (partially dissolved crystals), which are distinct from dissolution features by winter floods that generate a regional truncation surface. Spatial variations in halite thickness and facies, indicating much thinner and spatially limited halite units compared to modelled halite units based on mass balance considerations were also observed. These observations provide criteria for: (i) recognizing water depths and shallowing lake‐level trends from halite sequences throughout the geological record; and (ii) interpreting palaeolimnology, water column structure and the relations between stratigraphic horizons and corresponding shorelines.
Caught in two worlds: A critical review of culture and gender in the leadership literature
Authors: Corpuz Ember , Due Clemence , Augoustinos Martha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of intersectionality, the overlapping nature of social identities and systems of power, has become increasingly influential in the social sciences literature. However, the analysis of leadership experiences at the intersections of culture and gender has remained marginal to the field despite the rapid growth of diverse workplaces worldwide. This review aims to find out whether there is evidence of underrepresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women leaders, analyze common theoretical developments in the literature, and recommend an agenda for further research. In this study, published, peer‐reviewed qualitative and quantitative articles were examined. This critical appraisal identifies three evolving strands of research from the past 20 years. The majority of the manuscripts highlight the absence of CALD women in the leadership literature, describe the obstacles they face, and illustrate how they view their role and enact leadership. This paper discusses the areas central to intersectional leadership that require further examination to better understand the underrepresentation of CALD women in leadership positions.
Using laser Doppler flowmetry with wavelet analysis to study skin blood flow regulations after cupping therapy
Authors: Hou Xiao , He Xiangfeng , Zhang Xueyan , Liao Fuyuan , Hung Yu‐Ju , Jan Yih‐Kuen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to use laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with wavelet analysis to investigate skin blood flow control mechanisms in response to various intensities of cupping therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess skin blood flow control mechanism in response to cupping therapy using wavelet analysis of laser Doppler blood flow oscillations.Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy participants were recruited for this repeated‐measures study. Three different intensities of cupping therapy were applied using 3 cup sizes at 35, 40, and 45 mm (in diameter) with 300 mm Hg negative pressure for 5 minutes. LDF was used to measure skin blood flow (SBF) on the triceps before and after cupping therapy. Wavelet analysis was used to analyze the blood flow oscillations (BFO) to assess blood flow control mechanisms.ResultsThe wavelet amplitudes of metabolic and cardiac controls after cupping therapy were higher than those before cupping therapy. For the metabolic control, the 45‐mm cupping protocol (1.65 ± 0.09) was significantly higher than the 40‐mm cupping protocol (1.40 ± 0.10, P < .05) and the 35‐mm cupping protocol (1.35 ± 0.12, P < .05). No differences were showed in the cardiac control among the 35‐mm (1.61 ± 0.20), 40‐mm (1.64 ± 0.24), and 45‐mm (1.27 ± 0.25) cupping protocols.ConclusionThe metabolic and cardiac controls significantly contributed to the increase in SBF after cupping therapy. Different intensities of cupping therapy caused different responses within the metabolic control and not the cardiac control.
Responses of soil bacteria and fungi after 36 years fertilizer, straw cover and irrigation management practices in northwest China
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Gu Jie , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil biodiversity has become a hot research topic base on its important role in maintaining the stability of soil function. This study examined the impacts of long‐term (36 years) management practices on the soil microbial community. We employed high‐throughput sequencing to determine the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities under different long‐term management practices in a fertilizer application experiment that started in 1981. The following fertilizer treatments were compared with a control treatment without fertilizer: nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), straw cover plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NPCS), and irrigation plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (NPIR). Inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the soil moisture contents and most of the soil nutrient levels, and straw cover was better at retaining soil moisture and nutrients than irrigation. The bacterial and fungal α‐diversity in the NP treatment did not differ from those in the control (p > .05). In addition, there were no differences in the bacterial α‐diversity in NPCS and NPIR. However, there was a significant increase in the α‐diversity of the fungal community under straw cover compared with the irrigation treatment (p < .05). Soil characteristics such as the moisture content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali‐hydrolysable nitrogen and total phosphorus made equally important contributions to the bacterial and fungal communities according to redundancy analysis. Therefore, we speculated that straw cover was useful to improve soil bioactivity with a rich and stable microbial ecosystem. The results of this study provide theoretical data for the protection of soil microbial diversity.
Basic principles of viscoelastic testing
Authors: Carll Timothy , Wool Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundViscoelastic testing is a method of hemostatic analysis that provides a real‐time, holistic view of ex vivo clotting. It allows for examination of both cellular and plasma protein contributions to clotting including platelet number and function, fibrin(ogen) function, and coagulation factor function. The method assesses physical clot properties during the transition of blood from a liquid to a gel state, either by measurement of clot shear modulus using physical force transduction or by measurement of clot resonance frequency using sonometric interrogation. Results are reported in a live trace, with different trace parameters reflecting different contributors to hemostasis. These reported parameters vary between testing platforms.ResultsIn the United States, there are several commonly used Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved viscoelastic instruments available on the market. Those instruments that use sonometric clot assessment are more recently available and allow for improved portability for use near the patient's bedside. These instruments generally feature different reagent kits that allow more specific interrogation of different hemostatic pathways.Viscoelastic testing can predict the results of traditional plasma‐based coagulation assays and has the added benefit of detecting hypercoagulability and severe hyperfibrinolysis. Implementation of viscoelastic testing in many clinical settings is becoming widespread and has proven to be efficacious in reducing blood transfusion rates in many settings. An impact on overall mortality and morbidity has not yet been demonstrated.ConclusionThis article provides a narrative review of the basic principles of viscoelastic testing, including the science and technology behind the method, as well as currently available testing platforms and reagents.