bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Mean Easterly Winds
Authors: Sentić Stipo , Fuchs‐Stone Željka , Raymond David J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA recent analytical model of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), the WISHE‐moisture mode theory, successfully models all the main characteristics of the MJO, namely, that it is a planetary, unstable, and eastward propagating tropical mode. The main assumption of the WISHE‐moisture mode theory is that an interplay between the global mean easterly zonal winds and moisture leads to the propagation and destabilization of the MJO. We investigate this theory by building a climatological MJO using reanalysis, OAFlux surface latent heat fluxes, and outgoing longwave radiation data and compare it to the WISHE‐moisture mode. The necessary condition for the WISHE‐moisture mode theory—easterly global mean zonal winds—is always present in the tropics. Comparing the zonal wind, moisture, and moisture tendency anomalies to the WISHE‐moisture mode, we find that the WISHE‐moisture mode theory is in agreement with the reanalysis‐derived climatological MJO. Reanalysis and OAFlux surface latent heat fluxes are in agreement with the WISHE‐moisture mode theory. Although meridional surface winds seem to contribute negatively to the surface latent heat flux anomaly, we show that their effect is secondary in the region of enhanced surface latent heat fluxes which moisten the boundary layer and lead to the propagation of the MJO.
Daytime Variability of Cloud Fraction From DSCOVR/EPIC Observations
Authors: Delgado‐Bonal A. , Marshak A. , Yang Y. , Oreopoulos L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe location of the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) offers a global view of the Earth and captures its atmosphere at different locations and time of the day. In this paper, we take advantage of that unique feature to study the daytime variability of cloud fraction in a seasonal and zonal context. We observe that the ensemble behavior over ocean has a distinctive convex shape, with higher cloud fractions at early morning and late afternoon, while no such pattern is seen over land. Unique perspectives are obtained by analyzing the cloud fraction of the globe as a whole and separately for each hemisphere, and by studying the effect of the viewing zenith angle on cloud fraction retrievals.
Localization of the Source of Quasiperiodic VLF Emissions in the Magnetosphere by Using Simultaneous Ground and Space Observations: A Case Study
Authors: Demekhov A. G. , Titova E. E. , Maninnen J. , Pasmanik D. L. , Lubchich A. A. , Santolík O. , Larchenko A. V. , Nikitenko A. S. , Turunen T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study quasiperiodic very low frequency (VLF) emissions observed simultaneously by Van Allen Probes spacecraft and Kannuslehto and Lovozero ground‐based stations on 25 December 2015. Both Van Allen Probes A and B detected quasiperiodic emissions, probably originated from a common source, and observed on the ground. In order to locate possible regions of wave generation, we analyze wave‐normal angles with respect to the geomagnetic field, Poynting flux direction, and cyclotron instability growth rate calculated by using the measured phase space density of energetic electrons. We demonstrate that even parallel wave propagation and proper (downward) Poynting flux direction are not sufficient for claiming observations to be in the source region. Agreement between the growth rate and emission bands was obtained for a restricted part of Van Allen Probe A trajectory corresponding to localized enhancement of plasma density with scale of 700 km. We employ spacecraft density data to build a model plasma profile and to calculate ray trajectories from the point of wave detection in space to the ionosphere and examine the possibility of their propagation toward the ground. For the considered event, the wave could propagate toward the ground in the geomagnetic flux tube with enhanced plasma density, which ensured ducted propagation. The region of wave exit was confirmed by the analysis of wave propagation direction at the ground detection point.
Explicit Expression of Weighting Factor for Improved Estimation of Numerical Flux in Local Inertial Models
Authors: Sridharan B. , Gurivindapalli Dinakar , Kuiry Soumendra Nath , Mali Vijay Kisan , Nithila Devi N. , Bates Paul D. , Sen Dhrubajyoti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional shallow water models have been widely used in forecasting, risk assessment, and management of floods. Application of these models to large‐scale floods with high‐resolution terrain data significantly increases the computation cost. In order to reduce computation time, shallow water models are simplified by neglecting the inertial and/or convective acceleration terms in the momentum equations. The local inertial models have proved to significantly improve the computational efficiency even for large‐scale flood forecasting. However, instability issues are encountered on smooth surfaces of urban areas having low friction values. This problem was resolved by de Almeida et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011570) by introducing limited artificial diffusion in the form of weighting factors for the neighboring fluxes. The arbitrary value of the weighting factor poses a practical limitation of being case specific and requiring calibration for accurate solutions. This study derives an explicit expression for the weighting factor, an adaptive formulation dependent on local velocity, flow depth, grid, and time step size, which eliminates the need for trials and approximations. Comparisons between analytical, experimental, and real‐world applications confirm the accuracy and robustness of the proposed weighting factor. Implementation of adaptive weights results in less computation time compared to LISFLOOD‐FP (~1.2 times) and holds a significant advantage over HEC‐RAS (~25.9 times) as it allows the use of larger time step at higher Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy (CFL) values. The contribution of the present study therefore resolves an important problem of current large‐scale flood simulations, especially those implemented in real time.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation
Authors: You Min-Jung , Bang Minji , Park Hyun-Sun , Yang Bohyun , Jang Kyu Beom , Yoo Jongman , Hwang Dong-Youn , Kim MinYoung , Kim Borah , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kwon Min-Soo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAt present, therapeutic options available for treating schizophrenia are limited to monoamine-based antipsychotic drugs. Recent genome wide association study (GWAS) indicated a close relationship between immune system and schizophrenia. To leverage the GWAS finding for therapeutic strategy, we conducted a mechanism and effect study on application of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) with potent immune-modulatory effect in an animal model useful for the study of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were induced by amphetamine administration (amphetamine-sensitized mice) and the effect of a single intravenous administration of hUC-MSC was examined in the amphetamine-sensitized mice. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were assessed by open field test, light/dark box, social interaction test, latent inhibition, prepulse inhibition, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Our results indicated that neuroinflammation along with peripheral TNF-α elevation is associated with schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice. In addition, hUC-MSC inhibited schizophrenia-relevant and the neuroinflammatory changes. The main mechanism of hUC-MSC was associated with the induction of Treg and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in periphery. In vitro study revealed that amphetamine did not directly induce a neuroinflammatory reaction, while recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, KMO, and IL-1β in several microglial cell lines. Moreover, recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) and MSC conditioned media inhibited the inflammatory response in rTNF-α-treated microglial cells. Assuming that hUC-MSCs rarely reach the CNS and do not remain in the body for an extended time, these findings suggest that a single hUC-MSC infusion have long-term beneficial effect via regulatory T cell induction and secretion of IL-10 in amphetamine-sensitized mice.
Alpha synuclein aggregation drives ferroptosis: an interplay of iron, calcium and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Angelova Plamena R. , Choi Minee L. , Berezhnov Alexey V. , Horrocks Mathew H. , Hughes Craig D. , De Suman , Rodrigues Margarida , Yapom Ratsuda , Little Daniel , Dolt Karamjit S. , Kunath Tilo , Devine Michael J. , Gissen Paul , Shchepinov Mikhail S. , Sylantyev Sergiy , Pavlov Evgeny V. , Klenerman David , Abramov Andrey Y. , Gandhi Sonia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation and abnormal lipid homeostasis are both implicated in neurodegeneration through unknown mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that aggregate-membrane interaction is critical to induce a form of cell death called ferroptosis. Importantly, the aggregate-membrane interaction that drives ferroptosis depends both on the conformational structure of the aggregate, as well as the oxidation state of the lipid membrane. We generated human stem cell-derived models of synucleinopathy, characterized by the intracellular formation of α-synuclein aggregates that bind to membranes. In human iPSC-derived neurons with SNCA triplication, physiological concentrations of glutamate and dopamine induce abnormal calcium signaling owing to the incorporation of excess α-synuclein oligomers into membranes, leading to altered membrane conductance and abnormal calcium influx. α-synuclein oligomers further induce lipid peroxidation. Targeted inhibition of lipid peroxidation prevents the aggregate-membrane interaction, abolishes aberrant calcium fluxes, and restores physiological calcium signaling. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reduction of iron-dependent accumulation of free radicals, further prevents oligomer-induced toxicity in human neurons. In summary, we report that peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids underlies the incorporation of β-sheet-rich aggregates into the membranes, and that additionally induces neuronal death. This suggests a role for ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease, and highlights a new mechanism by which lipid peroxidation causes cell death.
The apoptosome molecular timer synergises with XIAP to suppress apoptosis execution and contributes to prognosticating survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fullstone Gavin , Bauer Tabea L. , Guttà Cristiano , Salvucci Manuela , Prehn Jochen H. M. , Rehm Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe execution phase of apoptosis is a critical process in programmed cell death in response to a multitude of cellular stresses. A crucial component of this pathway is the apoptosome, a platform for the activation of pro-caspase 9 (PC9). Recent findings have shown that autocleavage of PC9 to Caspase 9 (C9) p35/p12 not only permits XIAP-mediated C9 inhibition but also temporally shuts down apoptosome activity, forming a molecular timer. In order to delineate the combined contributions of XIAP and the apoptosome molecular timer to apoptosis execution we utilised a systems modelling approach. We demonstrate that cooperative recruitment of PC9 to the apoptosome, based on existing PC9-apoptosome interaction data, is important for efficient formation of PC9 homodimers, autocatalytic cleavage and dual regulation by XIAP and the molecular timer across biologically relevant PC9 and APAF1 concentrations. Screening physiologically relevant concentration ranges of apoptotic proteins, we discovered that the molecular timer can prevent apoptosis execution in specific scenarios after complete or partial mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). Furthermore, its ability to prevent apoptosis is intricately tied to a synergistic combination with XIAP. Finally, we demonstrate that simulations of these processes are prognostic of survival in stage III colorectal cancer and that the molecular timer may promote apoptosis resistance in a subset of patients. Based on our findings, we postulate that the physiological function of the molecular timer is to aid XIAP in the shutdown of caspase-mediated apoptosis execution. This shutdown potentially facilitates switching to pro-inflammatory caspase-independent responses subsequent to Bax/Bak pore formation.
Chidamide epigenetically represses autophagy and exerts cooperative antimyeloma activity with bortezomib
Authors: Xu Li , Feng Juan , Tang Hailong , Dong Ying , Shu Mimi , Chen Xiequn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system are two distinct and cooperative proteolytic pathways. The dual-pathway suppression represents a promising therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma. Chidamide is a novel benzamide inhibitor of histone deacetylase, and shows potent antimyeloma activity. Here, we revealed the autophagy-suppressive role of chidamide in myeloma cells. We then demonstrated that chidamide treatment markedly downregulated histone deacetylase SIRT1, and simultaneously resulted in dose-dependent upregulation of acetyltransferase hMOF and histone methyltransferase EZH2, which contributed to an increase in global levels of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4k16ac) and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3k27me3). We next confirmed concomitant upregulation of H4k16ac and H3k27me3 in the same promoter regions of the autophagy-related gene LC3B, reinforcing the specific roles for H4k16ac and H3k27me3 in mediating chidamide-induced transcriptional repression of LC3B. Finally, we provided experimental evidence that co-treatment with chidamide and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induced clear synergistic cytotoxicity against MM cells, which was associated with increased accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress or dysregulated unfolded protein response. Our results altogether suggest that chidamide cooperatively potentiates antimyeloma activity of bortezomib, at least in part, by epigenetically repressing autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Autonomous discovery of optically active chiral inorganic perovskite nanocrystals through an intelligent cloud lab
Authors: Li Jiagen , Li Junzi , Liu Rulin , Tu Yuxiao , Li Yiwen , Cheng Jiaji , He Tingchao , Zhu Xi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe constructed an intelligent cloud lab that integrates lab automation with cloud servers and artificial intelligence (AI) to detect chirality in perovskites. Driven by the materials acceleration operating system in cloud (MAOSIC) platform, on-demand experimental design by remote users was enabled in this cloud lab. By employing artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) technology, synthesis, characterization, and parameter optimization can be autonomously achieved. Through the remote collaboration of researchers, optically active inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) were first synthesized with temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) and inversion control. The inter-structure (structural patterns) and intra-structure (screw dislocations) dual-pattern-induced mechanisms detected by MAOSIC were comprehensively investigated, and offline theoretical analysis revealed the thermodynamic mechanism inside the materials. This self-driving cloud lab enables efficient and reliable collaborations across the world, reduces the setup costs of in-house facilities, combines offline theoretic analysis, and is practical for accelerating the speed of material discovery.
Aging-regulated anti-apoptotic long non-coding RNA Sarrah augments recovery from acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Trembinski D. Julia , Bink Diewertje I. , Theodorou Kosta , Sommer Janina , Fischer Ariane , van Bergen Anke , Kuo Chao-Chung , Costa Ivan G. , Schürmann Christoph , Leisegang Matthias S. , Brandes Ralf P. , Alekseeva Tijna , Brill Boris , Wietelmann Astrid , Johnson Christopher N. , Spring-Connell Alexander , Kaulich Manuel , Werfel Stanislas , Engelhardt Stefan , Hirt Marc N. , Yorgan Kaja , Eschenhagen Thomas , Kirchhof Luisa , Hofmann Patrick , Jaé Nicolas , Wittig Ilka , Hamdani Nazha , Bischof Corinne , Krishnan Jaya , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Dimmeler Stefanie , Boon Reinier A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to cardiac (patho)physiology. Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease with cardiomyocyte apoptosis as one underlying cause. Here, we report the identification of the aging-regulated lncRNA Sarrah (ENSMUST00000140003) that is anti-apoptotic in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, loss of SARRAH (OXCT1-AS1) in human engineered heart tissue results in impaired contractile force development. SARRAH directly binds to the promoters of genes downregulated after SARRAH silencing via RNA-DNA triple helix formation and cardiomyocytes lacking the triple helix forming domain of Sarrah show an increase in apoptosis. One of the direct SARRAH targets is NRF2, and restoration of NRF2 levels after SARRAH silencing partially rescues the reduction in cell viability. Overexpression of Sarrah in mice shows better recovery of cardiac contractile function after AMI compared to control mice. In summary, we identified the anti-apoptotic evolutionary conserved lncRNA Sarrah, which is downregulated by aging, as a regulator of cardiomyocyte survival.
Orbital ordering and magnetism in layered Perovskite Ruthenate Sr2RuO4
Authors: Huang Hung-Lung , Jeng Horng-Tay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLocal density approximation plus on-site Coulomb interaction U electronic structure calculations reveal that layered perovskite oxide Sr2RuO4 exhibits the ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallic ground state, which is nearly degenerate with the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase with a slightly higher total energy. The nearly degenerate FM/AFM total energies provide a reasonable explanation for the experimentally observed spin-fluctuation. In addition, a dumbbell-shape 4d − t2g recombined dxz − dyz orbital ordering on the Ru sublattice is obtained owing to the on-site Coulomb interaction U associated with the elongated RuO6 octahedron local structure. The discovered orbital ordering is robust against the spin-orbit interaction as well as the surface terminations. Our findings unravel the on-site Coulomb correlation as the driving force of the Ru-4d orbital ordering as well as the inherent magnetic degeneracy.
Artificial sounds following biological rules: A novel approach for non-verbal communication in HRI
Authors: Korcsok Beáta , Faragó Tamás , Ferdinandy Bence , Miklósi Ádám , Korondi Péter , Gácsi Márta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmotionally expressive non-verbal vocalizations can play a major role in human-robot interactions. Humans can assess the intensity and emotional valence of animal vocalizations based on simple acoustic features such as call length and fundamental frequency. These simple encoding rules are suggested to be general across terrestrial vertebrates. To test the degree of this generalizability, our aim was to synthesize a set of artificial sounds by systematically changing the call length and fundamental frequency, and examine how emotional valence and intensity is attributed to them by humans. Based on sine wave sounds, we generated sound samples in seven categories by increasing complexity via incorporating different characteristics of animal vocalizations. We used an online questionnaire to measure the perceived emotional valence and intensity of the sounds in a two-dimensional model of emotions. The results show that sounds with low fundamental frequency and shorter call lengths were considered to have a more positive valence, and samples with high fundamental frequency were rated as more intense across all categories, regardless of the sound complexity. We conclude that applying the basic rules of vocal emotion encoding can be a good starting point for the development of novel non-verbal vocalizations for artificial agents.
Glyoxylic acid overcomes 1-MCP-induced blockage of fruit ripening in Pyrus communis L. var. ‘D’Anjou’
Authors: Hewitt Seanna L. , Ghogare Rishikesh , Dhingra Amit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in an ethylene receptor antagonist that blocks ethylene perception and downstream ripening responses in climacteric fruit imparting a longer shelf life. However, in European pear, the application of 1-MCP irreversibly obstructs the onset of system 2 ethylene production resulting in perpetually unripe fruit with undesirable quality. Application of exogenous ethylene, carbon dioxide and treatment to high temperatures is not able to reverse the blockage in ripening. We recently reported that during cold conditioning, activation of alternative oxidase (AOX) occurs pre-climacterically. In this study, we report that activation of AOX via exposure of 1-MCP treated ‘D’Anjou’ pear fruit to glyoxylic acid triggers an accelerated ripening response. Time course physiological analysis revealed that ripening is evident from decreased fruit firmness and increased internal ethylene. Transcriptomic and functional enrichment analyses revealed genes and ontologies implicated in glyoxylic acid-mediated ripening, including AOX, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, and ethylene-responsive pathways. These observations implicate the glyoxylate cycle as a biochemical hub linking multiple metabolic pathways to stimulate ripening through an alternate mechanism. The results provide information regarding how blockage caused by 1-MCP may be circumvented at the metabolic level, thus opening avenues for consistent ripening in pear and possibly other fruit.
Regeneration of segmental defects in metatarsus of sheep with vascularized and customized 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds
Authors: Vidal Luciano , Kampleitner Carina , Krissian Stéphanie , Brennan Meadhbh Á , Hoffmann Oskar , Raymond Yago , Maazouz Yassine , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Rosset Philippe , Layrolle Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough autografts are considered to be the gold standard treatment for reconstruction of large bone defects resulting from trauma or diseases, donor site morbidity and limited availability restrict their use. Successful bone repair also depends on sufficient vascularization and to address this challenge, novel strategies focus on the development of vascularized biomaterial scaffolds. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of regenerating large bone defects in sheep using 3D-printed customized calcium phosphate scaffolds with or without surgical vascularization. Pre-operative computed tomography scans were performed to visualize the metatarsus and vasculature and to fabricate customized scaffolds and surgical guides by 3D printing. Critical-sized segmental defects created in the mid-diaphyseal region of the metatarsus were either left empty or treated with the 3D scaffold alone or in combination with an axial vascular pedicle. Bone regeneration was evaluated 1, 2 and 3 months post-implantation. After 3 months, the untreated defect remained non-bridged while the 3D scaffold guided bone regeneration. The presence of the vascular pedicle further enhanced bone formation. Histology confirmed bone growth inside the porous 3D scaffolds with or without vascular pedicle inclusion. Taken together, this pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of precised pre-surgical planning and reconstruction of large bone defects with 3D-printed personalized scaffolds.