bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontological model of multi-agent Smart-system for predicting drug properties based on modified algorithms of artificial immune systems
Authors: Samigulina Galina , Samigulina Zarina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, due to the huge progress in the field of information technologies and computer equipment, it is important to use modern approaches of artificial intelligence in order to process extensive chemical information at creating new drugs with desired properties.
The interdisciplinary of research creates additional difficulties in creating new drugs. Currently, there are no universal algorithms and software for predicting the “structure-property” dependence of drug compounds that can take into account the needs of specialists in this field.
In this regard, the development of a modern Smart-system based on the promising bio-inspired approach of artificial immune systems for predicting the structure-property dependence of drug compounds is relevant.
The aim of this work is to develop a multi-agent Smart-system for predicting the “structure-property” dependence of drug compounds using the ontological approach and modified algorithms of artificial immune systems using the example of drug compounds of the sulfonamide group. The proposed system makes it possible to increase the accuracy of prediction models of the “structure-property” dependence, to reduce the time and financial costs for obtaining candidate drug compounds.

Methods
During the creation of a Smart-system, there are used multi-agent and ontological approaches, which allow to structure input and output data, optimally to distribute computing resources and to coordinate the work of the system. As a promising approach for processing a large amount of chemical information, extracting informative descriptors and for the creation of an optimal data set, as well as further predicting the properties of medicinal compounds, there are considered modified algorithms of artificial immune systems and various algorithms of artificial intelligence.

Results
There was developed an ontological model of a multi-agent Smart-system. There are presented the results of the «structure-property» dependence simulation based on a modified grey wolf optimization algorithm and artificial immune systems. During the simulation, there was used information from the Mol-Instincts sulfonamide descriptor database.

Conclusion
The developed multi-agent Smart-system using ontological models allows visually to present the structure and interrelationships of agents functioning, which greatly facilitates the development of software and reduces time and financial costs during the development of new drugs.
Systematic reviews of ten pharmaceutical pricing policies – a research protocol
Authors: Tordrup David , van den Ham Hendrika A. , Glanville Julie , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
High prices of pharmaceutical products are an increasing challenge in high- and low-income countries. Governments in many countries have implemented pricing policies to ensure affordability of medicines to patients and healthcare systems. The World Health Organization published in 2015 the Guideline on Country Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies, which was based on a series of evidence reviews in the preceding years.
As part of the ongoing update of this guideline, we present a protocol for 10 systematic literature reviews on pharmaceutical pricing policies to be covered by the updated guideline.

Methods
The systematic literature reviews will be undertaken according to the principles embodied in the Cochrane Handbook and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The interventions studied are pharmaceutical pricing policies implemented by public institutions or a group of purchasing organizations/individuals (e.g. health services). Studies reporting price, volume, availability and/or affordability as the primary outcomes will be eligible for inclusion. Studies in any country or jurisdiction, in any language and in any setting published in 2004 or later are eligible. Eligible study designs are randomized and non-randomized trials, and observational studies including cohort studies, panel data analyses, comparative time series design (including interrupted time-series and repeated measures studies), and controlled before-after studies. A list of 21 databases of peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched, along with supplementary searches of relevant national and international organizational and governmental websites. Risk of bias will be assessed according to the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) guidelines. A summary table according to the EPOC Worksheets for preparing a Summary of Findings table (SoF) using GRADE will be provided.

Discussion
The results of the review will be used as part of the update of the WHO Guideline on Country Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies. The current protocol may serve as an example for performing systematic literature reviews to inform policy makers.
Identification of the awareness level by the public of Arab countries toward COVID-19: cross-sectional study following an outbreak
Authors: Bonyan Ruwidah , Al-Karasneh Aseel Fuad , El-Dahiyat Faris , Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global challenge. Improving public awareness about preventive measures and disseminating appropriate information about COVID-19 has a critical role in containing the disease.

Aim
To evaluate and determine the factors that may affect the level of awareness and responses toward COVID-19 in Arab countries. The study could be helpful in identifying where more public education about COVID-19 is needed.

Method
This cross-sectional, online descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted in February and March 2020. A total of 485 participants from Arabic-speaking countries (Jordan, United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Palestine, and Egypt) were asked to complete this Arabic-translated survey using social media platforms (Facebook and WhatsApp).

Result
In general, there was a good level of awareness of the participants regarding COVID-19. Higher awareness scores were significantly correlated with older participants [odds ratio (OR) 1.019; 95% CI 1.012–1.026], those who attended awareness campaigns [OR 1.212; 95% CI 1.081–1.358], secondary school education holders [OR 1.740; 95% CI 1.096–2.763], higher education diploma holders [OR 2.090; 95% CI 1.297–3.368], university degree holders [OR 1.969; 95% CI 1.265–3.066], those who have post-graduate education [OR 2.206; 95% CI 1.393–3.493], and healthcare employees [OR 1.259; 95% CI 1.025–1.547].

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global panic; thus, awareness and practices of preventive measures of COVID-19 should be increased through public educational campaigns, which should be planned in accordance with communities’ and countries’ attitudes toward COVID-19. Collaborative efforts between ministries of heath and residents of every country should be implemented.
Cellulose–water system’s state analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and sorption measurements
Authors: Grunin Yuriy B. , Grunin Leonid Yu. , Schiraya Veronika Yu. , Ivanova Maria S. , Masas Daria S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost cellulose-based materials’ manufacturing processes include processing this biopolymer in an aqueous medium. Sorption properties depend on cellulose supramolecular structure and nature of its change during moistening. Plenty of researchers’ efforts have been directed to the development of scientifically sound and commercially reliable processes over the past decade for the cellulose fibers’ dispersion in an aqueous medium. Therefore, it needs a more detailed study of the cellulose–water system components’ interaction. This study presents the supramolecular structure and sorption properties of native cotton cellulose research results obtained by1H NMR relaxation, spectroscopy and sorption measurements. Hydrophilic properties of cellulose as an adsorbent are characterized, taking into account a porous system between its structural elements. We examine in detail water adsorption on the active surface of cellulose Iβ. We also demonstrate the approach for determining the entropy change in the first two layers of adsorbed water and estimate this value increased during adsorption. Cellulose moistening is accompanied by the decomposition of macrofibrils into microfibrils and is manifested in a crystallinity decrease and a specific surface area growth.
Chromium and leather: a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium
Authors: Hedberg Yolanda S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs other causes decline in importance, chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy, which affects around 1% of the general population. The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis, which can be elicited in chromium-allergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather. Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions. It is formed on the surface of some, antioxidant-free, leathers at dry conditions (< 35% relative humidity) and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions, such as UV irradiation, contact with alkaline solutions, and leather age. Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time (days – months). A low initial test result (< 3 mg/kg) for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test (ISO 17075) does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather. Information, labels, and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals. Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens, as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products, are crucial.Graphical abstract
Optimization of skeletal protein preparation for LC–MS/MS sequencing yields additional coral skeletal proteins in Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Peled Yanai , Drake Jeana L. , Malik Assaf , Almuly Ricardo , Lalzar Maya , Morgenstern David , Mass Tali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStony corals generate their calcium carbonate exoskeleton in a highly controlled biomineralization process mediated by a variety of macromolecules including proteins. Fully identifying and classifying these proteins is crucial to understanding their role in exoskeleton formation, yet no optimal method to purify and characterize the full suite of extracted coral skeletal proteins has been established and hence their complete composition remains obscure. Here, we tested four skeletal protein purification protocols using acetone precipitation and ultrafiltration dialysis filters to present a comprehensive scleractinian coral skeletal proteome. We identified a total of 60 proteins in the coral skeleton, 44 of which were not present in previously published stony coral skeletal proteomes. Extracted protein purification protocols carried out in this study revealed that no one method captures all proteins and each protocol revealed a unique set of method-exclusive proteins. To better understand the general mechanism of skeletal protein transportation, we further examined the proteins’ gene ontology, transmembrane domains, and signal peptides. We found that transmembrane domain proteins and signal peptide secretion pathways, by themselves, could not explain the transportation of proteins to the skeleton. We therefore propose that some proteins are transported to the skeleton via non-traditional secretion pathways.
Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Post-Alemtuzumab Improves Treatment Response
Authors: Sovetkina Alina , Nadir Rans , Scalfari Antonio , Tona Francesca , Murphy Kevin , Rigoni Eleonora , Dorsey Rachel , Malik Omar , Nandoskar Ashwini , Singh-Curry Victoria , Nicholas Richard , Martin Niamh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Between 20% and 40% of alemtuzumab-treated MS patients develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as a side effect.

Objective
The objective of this work is to determine whether MS disease progression following alemtuzumab treatment differs in patients who develop AITD compared to those who do not.

Design, Setting, and Patients
A retrospective analysis of 126 patients with relapsing-remitting MS receiving alemtuzumab from 2012 to 2017 was conducted at a tertiary referral center.

Main Outcome Measures
Thyroid status, new relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change, and disability progression following alemtuzumab were evaluated.

Results
Twenty-six percent (33 out of 126, 25 female, 8 male) of alemtuzumab-treated patients developed AITD, 55% of which was Graves disease. EDSS score following alemtuzumab was reduced in patients who developed AITD compared to those who did not (median [interquartile range]; AITD: –0.25 [–1 to 0.5] vs non-AITD: 0 [1-0]. P = .007]. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that the development of AITD was independently associated with EDSS score improvement (P = .011). Moreover, AITD patients had higher relapse-free survival following alemtuzumab (P = .023). There was no difference in the number of new focal T2 lesions and contrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions developed following alemtuzumab between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
Graves disease was the most common form of AITD developed by MS patients following alemtuzumab. This study suggests that MS patients who develop AITD may have an improved response to alemtuzumab, as measured by reduced disability and lower relapse rate.
Augmentation of Nr4a3 and Suppression of Fshb Expression in the Pituitary Gland of Female Annexin A5 Null Mouse
Authors: Terashima Ryota , Saigo Tomotaka , Laoharatchatathanin Titaree , Kurusu Shiro , Brachvogel Bent , Pöschl Ernst , Kawaminami Mitsumori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGnRH enhances the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in pituitary gonadotropes, and ANXA5 enhances gonadotropin secretion. However, the impact of ANXA5 regulation on the expression of pituitary hormone genes remains unclear. Here, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that ANXA5 deficiency in female mice reduced the expression of Fshb and Gh in their pituitary glands. Transcriptome analysis confirmed a specific increase in Nr4a3 mRNA expression in addition to lower levels of Fshb expression in ANXA5-deficient female pituitary glands. This gene was then found to be a GnRH-inducible immediate early gene, and its increased expression caused protein to accumulate in the nucleus after administration of a GnRH agonist in LβT2 cells, which are an in vitro pituitary gonadotrope model. The increase in ANXA5 protein levels in LβT2 cells clearly suppressed Nr4a3 expression. siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nr4a3 expression increased Fshb expression. The results revealed that GnRH stimulates Nr4a3 and Anxa5 sequentially. NR4A3 suppression of Fshb may be necessary for later massive secretion of FSH by GnRH in gonadotropes, and Nr4a3 would be negatively regulated by ANXA5 to increase FSH secretion.
Stochasticity and determinism in cell fate decisions
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Nerli Elisa , Norden Caren 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
During development, cells need to make decisions about their fate in order to ensure that the correct numbers and types of cells are established at the correct time and place in the embryo. Such cell fate decisions are often classified as deterministic or stochastic. However, although these terms are clearly defined in a mathematical sense, they are sometimes used ambiguously in biological contexts. Here, we provide some suggestions on how to clarify the definitions and usage of the terms stochastic and deterministic in biological experiments. We discuss the frameworks within which such clear definitions make sense and highlight when certain ambiguity prevails. As an example, we examine how these terms are used in studies of neuronal cell fate decisions and point out areas in which definitions and interpretations have changed and matured over time. We hope that this Review will provide some clarification and inspire discussion on the use of terminology in relation to fate decisions.
(Re)konstruowanie narracji – działanie w przestrzeni publicznej – edukacja
Authors: Kubiszyn Marta 
Published: July 2020

(Re-)constructing Narrative – Acting in Public Space – Education. Post‑memory of the Holocaust of Lublin Jews: A Case Study
Although originally the term ‘post-memory’ referred to the experiences and memories of the survivors that influenced the biographies of their children, in the following years its meaning was extended and the concept started to be used to describe the processes of transmitting the memory of any traumatic experience within any group, not necessarily bound by blood. In the case of Lublin, where one third of the pre-war community consisted of Jews, most of whom were murdered during World War II, the position of non-Jewish vicarious witnesses seems to be particularly important. This article discusses some aspects of the Holocaust post-memory discourse referring to the cultural activities of the ‘Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre’ Centre. Research questions will concern the artistic language and means of expression of these projects as well as the aesthetic codes that are being used by vicarious witnesses.
Dyskursy postpamięci we współczesnym transnarodowym filmie niemieckim
Authors: Fiuk Ewa 
Published: July 2020

Discourses of Post-memory in Contemporary Transnational German Film
The article is dedicated to the problem of trauma and death shown in contemporary transnational (made by directors living in Germany, but of non-German origin) German feature, documentary and experimental film. It raises the question of how the medium of film within its various narration and depiction modes (re)creates memory and post-memory, and at the same time it can be seen as a way to reclaim history in its personal or cultural dimension. The following films have been discussed: Totentraum (1995) and In fremder Erde (2001) by Ayhan Salar, Passing Drama (1999) by Angela Melitopoulos and The Cut (2014) by Fatih Akin. For this purpose, the author has implemented inter alia Aleida and Jan Assmann’s theory of memory.
High average power transform limited picosecond laser with flexible repetition rate and pulse duration
Authors: Kiefer Daniel , Hepp Sebastian , Walther Thomas 
Published: July 2020

This Letter presents a pulsed, Fourier transform limited 1030 nm laser with a variable pulse duration between 47 and 733 ps resulting in a spectral bandwidth of roughly 1 to 10 GHz. The laser system is based on ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers and acousto-optic and electro-optic modulation technology. The repetition rate can be set arbitrarily between 1 and 10 MHz. After three sequential amplifier stages, the average output power reaches a maximum of over 60 W. The particular fiber amplifier geometry allows to prevent the emergence of unwanted nonlinear effects. Due to its unique features, the laser system lends itself to a variety of applications wherever flexibility in terms of pulse duration and corresponding Fourier limited bandwidth are required, such as laser cooling at storage rings, lidar applications, or coherent molecular spectroscopy.
Pathological Aspects of Haemonchosis in Goats and Sheeps
Authors: Ahmad Riza Zainuddin , Tiffarent Rida 
Published: July 2020

<p class="awabstrak2">Haemonchosis in sheep and goats has a high prevalence rate in several regions in Indonesia and causes economic losses. The purpose of this paper is to explain the clinical symptoms and pathological aspects of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> infection so that knowledge is expected to help in controlling haemonchosis. Clinical symptoms of haemonchosis is characterised by decreased production, cachexia, and severe anaemia due to worms that sucking blood from the abomasal mucosa. In chronic infections the symptoms shows general oedema. Gross pathological findings are pale mucosa and carcass, hydrothorax, ascites, and haemorrhagic abomasum. Whereas histopathological features shows desquamation of villous abomasum, extensive hemorrhage of abomasal mucosa-submucosa, infiltration of large numbers of eosinophil and mononuclear cells, and cells undergoing degeneration and necrosis of internal organs. In general, the above exposure will show that haemonchosis usually associated with anaemia, cachexia, oedema, haemorrhage, infiltration of eosinophil and mononuclear cells in the abomasal mucosa.</p>
Weaving Together a Global Civilization that Nurtures Justice and Peace: A Vision for Muslim Educators at Indonesia’s UIN Institutions
Authors: Beck Martha C. 
Published: July 2020

This paper links the religious pluralism of Pancasila, Indonesia’s political ideology, with numerous ancient and contemporary worldviews, including Erwin Lazlo’s Systems View of the World, the “Functionalism” of Paul Davies and Richard Feynman, both theoretical physicists, and Aristotle. It gives extensive descriptions of Aristotle’s virtues: self-control, courage, even-temperedness, wise ambition, appropriate pride, a sense of humor, self-knowledge, sociability, justice, moderation in wealth, good judgment about what sorts of laws will weave people together in positive ways, including how to distribute social goods, how to punish law-breakers, and how to apply laws to specific cases within a context of the integration of nature and culture. It then explains how Confucius, Buddha, Muhammad and Jesus either exercised those virtues throughout their lives or held those with power accountable for using power to promote human well-being. It explains Aristotle’s model for childhood education as a process of habituation from childhood on that integrates the moral and intellectual virtues throughout life. The paper makes suggestions for how to use the stories of these great spiritual leaders to structure a comprehensive system of integrated education. The paper explains how this model is compatible with the United Nations’ Capabilities model for development. Using this model of integrated education, members of all the world’s religions and humanists of all types can work together toward world peace.