bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaco-Invasive Strategy With Half-Dose Tenecteplase in Patients With STEMI: Prespecified Pooled Analysis of Patients Aged ≥75 Years in STREAM-1 and 2
Authors: Bainey Kevin R. , Welsh Robert C. , Zheng Yinggan , Arias-Mendoza Alexandra , Ristic Arsen D. , Averkov Oleg V. , Lambert Yves , Kerr Saraiva José F. , Sepulveda Pablo , Rosell-Ortiz Fernando , French John K. , Musić Ljilja B. , Temple Tracy , Ly Eric , Bogaerts Kris , Sinnaeve Peter R. , Danays Thierry , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Van de Werf Frans , Armstrong Paul W. ,   on behalf of the STREAM-2 Investigators
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
In STREAM-1 (Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction), excess intracranial hemorrhage occurred in patients aged ≥75 years receiving full-dose tenecteplase as part of a pharmaco-invasive strategy, whereas no further intracranial hemorrhage occurred after halving the tenecteplase dose. In STREAM-2 (Second Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction), half-dose tenecteplase was an effective and safe pharmaco-invasive strategy in older patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction presenting within <3 hours, compared with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We prespecified evaluating the efficacy and safety of a half-dose versus full-dose pharmaco-invasive strategy and compared the half-dose pharmaco-invasive strategy to primary PCI in patients aged ≥75 years.

METHODS:
We pooled data sets in patients aged ≥75 years from STREAM-1 and STREAM-2 receiving a pharmaco-invasive strategy versus primary PCI. Resolution of ST-segment–elevation after fibrinolysis and angiography was assessed, as was the relative risk of the primary composite of 30-day all-cause death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and shock, along with bleeding.

RESULTS:

A total of 390 patients were included: 42 patients were randomized to full-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment, 205 patients to half-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment, and 143 patients to primary PCI. Half-dose versus full-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment resulted in similar proportions of patients achieving ≥50% ST-segment resolution posttenecteplase (63.2% versus 62.6%), with reduced intracranial hemorrhage (7.1% versus 0%, respectively). Half-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment and primary PCI also had similar proportions of patients with ≥50% ST-segment resolution postangiography (77.9% versus 72.4%;
P
=0.277) and comparable composite end points (23.4% versus 28.0%; relative risk, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.62–1.30];
P
=0.567) without occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:
Comparable efficacy exists between half- and full-dose tenecteplase pharmaco-invasive treatments with improved safety in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction aged ≥75 years. Half-dose pharmaco-invasive therapy is a legitimate therapeutic option for elderly patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction unable to access timely primary PCI.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00623623. URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02777580.
The Jesuit China Mission in an Italian Frame
Authors: Catto Michela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, global history studies devoted specifically to the Society of Jesus have contributed significantly to research on missions and the emergence of the concept of global Christianity. In the absence of a prevailing political and economic role played by the Italian Peninsula in the Early Modern Age, the Papacy acted with its universal body and offshoots consisting of missionaries; through these, Rome projected itself into the spaces of global politics and intellectual discussions. The Papacy and Society of Jesus, both global institutions based in Rome, found themselves at odds in dealing with many of the issues raised by journeys in other continents. These include the controversy of Chinese rites, a question this article addresses once again setting off from Rome and the debates that took place as the Papacy prepared to condemn these rites.
Germinated finger millet supplemented with dry maize cob is a promising diet for the farming of edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens
Authors: Acur A. , Malinga G.M. , Eilenberg J. , Alemu M.H. , Valtonen A. , Roos N. , Nyeko P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is food and a source of income for many people in East Africa. Recent laboratory experiments have succeeded in rearing them on germinated finger millet (GFM). However, long-term mass production on such a feed would be costly. Incorporating inexpensive and locally abundant agricultural byproducts into GFM could be another option to lower the production cost while maximising its profits. We experimentally evaluated the effect of blending GFM with 25%, 50%, or 75% by weights of three agricultural byproducts (soybean hull meal, local brew waste and dry maize cob) on the survival, developmental period, adult wet weight and reproductive performance of R. differens. A total of 390 R. differens were reared individually on each of the dietary treatments, including GFM as control, till death. Data was analysed using generalised linear models. Overall, the R. differens performed optimally on GFM supplemented with dry maize cob, and poorly on GFM supplemented with soybean hull meal. However, performance varied across supplementation levels with dry maize cob. GFM supplemented with 25% dry maize cob yielded the highest overall survival (86.2%) and highest 14-day-old male adult wet weight (0.54 g). While the shortest overall developmental period (86.8 days), highest fledgling adult wet weight (0.53 g), and highest 14-day-old female adult wet weight (0.82 g) were observed on GFM supplemented with 50% dry maize cob. Supplementing GFM with 75% dry maize cob resulted in the shortest pre-oviposition period (10.6 days) and the highest percentage hatchability (82.7%). Generally, supplementing GFM with dry maize cob greatly improves the performance of R. differens. Our findings recommend including dry maize cob on the list of low-cost substrates for the farming of this endangered valuable edible insect species.
Causes of care discontinuity in chronic outpatient care: A mixed method case study
Authors: Vehkamäki Anu , Vesinurm Märt , Helminen Riina-Riitta , Halminen Olli , Lillrank Paul 
Published: December 2024

Background While health systems are primarily designed for acute health issues, managing life-long conditions often results in chronic care discontinuity. This refers to situations where a chronic patient’s planned care fails to actualise. Research Design This study descriptively explores the reasons behind chronic care discontinuity in outpatient care. Data Collection Data was collected via interviews and a focus group with healthcare professionals, and a patient survey specifically targeting chronic abdominal patients. Analysis Using grounded theorising the Discontinuity of Chronic Care (DoCC) framework was developed, to identify and categorise reasons behind chronic care discontinuity. Results The framework reveals that reasons for discontinuity can be largely divided into healthcare system related factors—including caregiver, technological, and process challenges—and patient-related factors such as situational and internal psychological challenges. Conclusions The DoCC-framework provides a valuable tool for analysing various patient processes, offering healthcare managers insights to improve the management of chronic patient journeys. Additionally, it guides healthcare professionals to better focus their development efforts on challenges they have the capacity to address.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Impact on Bone and Joint Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To explore the complex relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, highlighting the impact of MetS on bone and joint health, and to propose effective management strategies for improving patient outcomes. Methods: This comprehensive review involved an extensive literature search conducted on 17 September 2024, utilising scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search, focused on articles published in English and pertaining to humans, employed Boolean operators and MeSH terms ‘MSK’, ‘metabolic diseases’, ‘diabetes’ and ‘osteoporosis’. Results: MetS, characterised by obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertension, is closely associated with a variety of MSK disorders including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and tendinopathy, among others. These conditions exacerbate MetS symptoms, creating a feedback loop that complicates patient management. The review identifies both common and rare metabolic and genetic disorders contributing to MSK issues, emphasising the intricate interplay between metabolic dysfunctions and MSK health. Special attention is given to the MSK manifestations of prevalent metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, gout, and osteoporosis, underscoring their significant impact on quality of life. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between MetS and MSK disorders is crucial for the development of holistic management strategies. The review suggests that addressing the root metabolic issues alongside direct treatment of MSK symptoms can significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on integrated care approaches that offer hope and optimism for individuals facing these interconnected challenges.
Apolipoprotein and peripheral artery disease: Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wan Chen-Xin , Gong Yu-Shu , Xu Tao 
Published: December 2024

Background The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is on the rise globally, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the causal relationship between apolipoprotein and PAD, as well as the potential mediating role of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Methods We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to assess the causal effect of apoB/A1 on the risk of PAD and potential mediators (smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke), as well as the causal effect of those mediators on PAD. The use of multivariate MR (MVMR) allowed us to explore and quantify the mediating role of these factors in the causal association between apoB/A1 and the risk of PAD. Results Our MR analysis showed that each standard deviation increase in apoB/A1 increased the risk of PAD by 46% (OR = 1.460, 95% CI: 1.255–1.697, P = 8.74E-07). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke were ultimately recognized as the mediators of the causal relationship between apoB/A1 and PAD, explaining 7.5%, 19.7%, and 62.5% of the causal effect, respectively, and the proportion combined of the three together was 81%. Conclusions These studies demonstrated that elevated apoB/A1 increases the risk of developing PAD and that this association may be mediated by hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke.
Real-world comparison of palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib as first-line treatments for Chinese HR+/HER2−metastatic breast cancer patients: a multicenter study (YOUNGBC-28)
Authors: Chen Yifan , Xie Yizhao , Sang Die , Xie Ning , Han Xinhua , Zhao Yanxia , Li Juanjuan , Yue Jian , Yuan Peng , Wang Biyun 
Published: December 2024

Background: In recent years, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) has emerged as the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. However, the comparison between the efficacy of CDK4/6i has been poorly explored before. Moreover, it remains unclear about the optimal choice of CDK4/6i in the first-line treatment for HR+/HER2− MBC patients in Asian, especially Chinese populations. Objectives: Our study aims to compare the efficacy of three CDK4/6i widely used in the Chinese population (palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib) in the real world. Design: From 2020 to 2023, the medical records of patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2− MBC were retrospectively assessed in seven institutions in China. Patients who received first-line palbociclib, abemaciclib, or dalpiciclib plus ET were included. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate were used to analyze the clinical outcome. Results: In total, 209 HR+/HER2− MBC patients were eligible for this study. Eighty-eight (42.1%), 79 (37.8%), and 42 (20.1%) patients were administered first-line palbociclib, abemaciclib, or dalpiciclib plus ET. The overall median rwPFS was 19 months, with no significant difference between these three CDK4/6i ( p = 0.84). The results were similar even after propensity score matching. The median OS was not reached. Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis identified that higher KI67 index, liver metastasis, and primary endocrine resistance were independent risk factors for rwPFS in patients with initial CDK4/6i plus ET. Conclusion: This study presents a comparison of the real-world efficacy between three CDK4/6i widely used in the Chinese population. Palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib demonstrated comparable efficacy in Chinese patients with advanced HR+/HER2− MBC. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06344780.
Green synthesis and multifaceted applications: challenges and innovations in carbon dot nanocomposites
Authors: Varadharajan S. , Vasanthan Kirthanashri S. , Mathur Vidhi , Hariperumal N. , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the potential of carbon dot nanocomposites (CDs) synthesized from waste materials by top-down and bottom-up state-of-the-art approaches. Through sustainable practices, wastes are converted into valuable nanomaterials, solving environmental problems and pioneering advances in nanotechnology. In this paper, an overview of the synthesis aspects of CDs is presented with the formation of their versatile nanocomposites and metal/metal oxide elements. The phase of this paper has been devoted to elaborate study of the multifaceted applications of CDs in various sectors, ranging from electronics and biomedicine to environmental remediation. Although having huge potential, CDs application is presently hampered due to limitations on scalability, stability, and reproducibility. In this review paper, most profound insights have been drawn into overcoming these barriers for clear routes toward future innovations. The present research being undertaken in this area has, therefore, underscored sustainable nanotechnology to resolve global problems and achieving technological development through green synthesis. Necessitating the efficient sewage disposal systems ensuring minimum toxin generation.
Graphical abstract
Changes in allele frequencies and genetic architecture due to selection in two pig populations
Authors: Wientjes Yvonne C. J. , Peeters Katrijn , Bijma Piter , Huisman Abe E. , Calus Mario P. L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Genetic selection improves a population by increasing the frequency of favorable alleles. Understanding and monitoring allele frequency changes is, therefore, important to obtain more insight into the long-term effects of selection. This study aimed to investigate changes in allele frequencies and in results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and how those two are related to each other. This was studied in two maternal pig lines where selection was based on a broad selection index. Genotypes and phenotypes were available from 2015 to 2021.

Results
Several large changes in allele frequencies over the years were observed in both lines. The largest allele frequency changes were not larger than expected under drift based on gene dropping simulations, but the average allele frequency change was larger with selection. Moreover, several significant regions were found in the GWAS for the traits under selection, but those regions did not overlap with regions with larger allele frequency changes. No significant GWAS regions were found for the selection index in both lines, which included multiple traits, indicating that the index is affected by many loci of small effect. Additionally, many significant regions showed pleiotropic, and often antagonistic, associations with other traits under selection. This reduces the selection pressure on those regions, which can explain why those regions are still segregating, although the traits have been under selection for several generations. Across the years, only small changes in Manhattan plots were found, indicating that the genetic architecture was reasonably constant.

Conclusions
No significant GWAS regions were found for any of the traits under selection among the regions with the largest changes in allele frequency, and the correlation between significance level of marker associations and changes in allele frequency over one generation was close to zero for all traits. Moreover, the largest changes in allele frequency could be explained by drift and were not necessarily a result of selection. This is probably because selection acted on a broad index for which no significant GWAS regions were found. Our results show that selecting on a broad index spreads the selection pressure across the genome, thereby limiting allele frequency changes.
The mortality of Bombyx mori larvae challenged by BmNPV is reduced when supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria
Authors: Suraporn Siripuk , Suthikhum Vallaya , Terenius Olle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) causes grasserie with severe effects in Thai strains of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the survival of silkworm larvae challenged with BmNPV.

Results
Silkworm larvae of the Thai polyvoltine strain Samrong was supplemented with commercial probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, on the second day of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. When challenged with BmNPV on the second day of the 4th instar, the survival ratio was 92% for larvae supplemented with L. acidophilus as compared to 56% for larvae without L. acidophilus supplementation. For the larvae that survived until pupation, we determined the growth characters cocooning ratio, larval weight, and pupation ratio, and the economic characters cocoon shell weight and cocoon weight. Growth characters were significantly lower in larvae infected with BmNPV as compared to infected larvae receiving probiotics.
Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita)
Authors: Pérez-Peris Francesc , Adrain Jonathan M. , Daley Allison C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCheiruridae is one of the most diverse families of trilobites known from the Ordovician with 453 species assigned. Within Cheiruridae eight subfamilies (Acanthoparyphinae, Cheirurinae, “Cyrtometopinae”, Deiphoninae, Eccoptochilinae, Heliomerinae, Pilekiinae, and Sphaerexochinae) have historically been recognised. Insights about the evolution of the family and the relationships within and between subfamilies have been published. However larger scale phylogenetic hypotheses are needed in order to explore the monophyly, the basal structure, the deep nodes and the relationships of the subfamilies. Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae and “Cyrtometopinae” have historically been defined by various morphological features (e.g., anteroposterior constriction of the thoracic pleura, pleural furrow morphology, pygidial morphology) that differentiate them from the rest of Cheiruridae. However, the phylogenetic status of “Cyrtometopinae” is unclear owing to a lack of obvious synapomorphies. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses of Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae, and “Cyrtometopinae”. The results indicate that both Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae are monophyletic. “Cyrtometopines” are resolved as a paraphyletic grade at the base of Deiphoninae and Cyrtometopinae should be considered a junior subjective synonym of Deiphoninae. The new phylogenetic hypothesis reveals that paedomorphosis plays an important role in the evolution of Deiphoninae. Within Cheirurinae two major clades are identified, the ‘Ceraurus-like’ clade and the ‘Ceraurinella-like’ clade.
Effects of excessive bleaching on hair: comparative analysis of external morphology and internal microstructure
Authors: Kim Dong Heui , Oh Seung Hyun , Chang Byung Soo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of excessive bleaching on the external morphology and internal microstructure of hair, compared to untreated hair. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed significant changes in both the surface and internal structures of bleached hair. SEM analysis of normal hair revealed a relatively clean surface with intact cuticle scales, while bleached hair showed brittle, torn scales with a rough appearance. In areas where the cuticle was broken, remnants of endocuticle debris were still attached, contributing to the rough surface. Complete separation of the cuticle layer resulted in numerous longitudinal fissures along the exposed cortical surface of bleached hair. TEM analysis further confirmed distinct differences; in normal hair, the cuticle layer and cortex were well-separated, and a small hole was observed within the endocuticle of the cuticle cells. Conversely, in bleached hair, the cuticle layer was separated from the cortex, with numerous pores formed by the dissolution of melanin granules scattered within the cortex, specifically between the macrofibrils. No melanin granules were detected in the cortex of bleached hair, although the macrofibril structure remained intact. The findings clearly indicate that excessive bleaching leads to the loss of the cuticle layer, exposing the cortex and significantly altering the hair’s structural integrity.