bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of home negative pressure wound therapy in peripheral artery disease and diabetic limb salvage
Authors: Lim Kai , Lim Xuxin , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Tan Glenn W. L. , Lo Zhiwen J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUse of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetic limb salvage (DLS) improves wound healing by providing moist wound conditions, reducing exudate, controlling wound‐bed infection, and stimulating granulation. NPWT duration may take several weeks, and home‐based NPWT allows patient to recover in the community while minimising risks of prolonged hospitalisation. The aim of this study is to review the use and outcomes of home NPWT in PAD and DLS. The methodology is the retrospective review of patients who were discharged with home NPWT after in‐patient PAD revascularisation and DLS debridement or minor amputations. The results included a total of 118 patients who received home NPWT between January 2017 and December 2017. The mean age was 62.8 years with 66% male and 34% female patients. The study population comprised 25% smokers, 98% patients with diabetics, 35% with ischemic heart disease, and 21% with end‐stage renal failure (ESRF). Of which, 56% of patients required revascularisation while 31% of patients underwent foot debridement, 48% underwent toe amputations, and 20% underwent forefoot amputations. All patients received in‐patient NPWT for a week before being discharged on home NPWT for 4 weeks. Then, 62% received targeted antibiotics regime while 36% received empirical antibiotics on discharge; 60% of patients achieved wound healing on home NPWT, with 9% requiring split‐thickness skin graft; 4% required further surgical debridement, 16% required further minor amputation while 20% required major amputation. 9% required further home NPWT extension, with a mean length of 7.1 ± 4.7 weeks' extension. Overall survival of 1 year was 89%. Risk factors that predict the failure of home NPWT includes subjects with a background of ESRF and wet gangrene on presentation. Home NPWT is a useful adjunct in the management of PAD and DLS foot wounds.
Getting older and living up to implicit followership theories: Implications for employee psychological health and job attitudes
Authors: Stegmann Sebastian , Braun Stephan , Junker Nina , van Dick Rolf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAge discrimination at work is a widespread destructive phenomenon that often takes subtle forms. Based on negative stereotypes about older employees, we argue that older employees often experience that they are perceived as less ideal followers than younger employees. We propose that older and younger employees do not differ in what they assume their supervisors expect of an ideal follower (implicit followership theories, IFTs). Thus, we hypothesize that older employees perceive that they compare less favorably to their supervisors' IFTs than younger employees (i.e., worse IFT‐fit). This should entail lower quality of the relationship between leader and follower (leader‐member‐exchange, LMX), which, in turn, should have detrimental effects on employees' health (i.e., burnout) and job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and identification). We tested our model in a field study with 379 employees. Results differed for ideal and counter‐ideal follower attributes. Concerning counter‐ideal follower attributes (e.g., being incompetent), age had the proposed negative effect on psychological health and job attitudes that mediated through IFT‐fit and LMX. Concerning ideal follower attributes (e.g., thinking ahead), older employees expected their supervisors not only to think less of them than of their younger colleagues, but also expected them to have less demanding IFTs—contrary to our expectations. Employee age was negatively related to psychological health and job attitudes, mediated through lower perceived IFTs, worse perceived appraisal of the actual employee and their joint effects on LMX.
Cyclin G2 regulates canonical Wnt signalling via interaction with Dapper1 to attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Gao Jinlan , Li Sen , Liu Qi , Hou Xiaoyu , Xing Xuesha , Wang Danning , Sun Manni , Wang Shusen , Luo Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCyclin G2 (CCNG2) is an atypical cyclin that inhibits cell cycle progression and is often dysregulated in human cancers. Cyclin G2 in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most severe diabetic complications, has not been fully identified. In this study, we investigated the function and regulatory mechanism of cyclin G2 in DN. In vivo studies revealed that a deficiency of cyclin G2 significantly increased albuminuria and promoted tubulointerstitial fibrosis in established DN. Cyclin G2 regulated the expression of fibrosis‐related proteins via the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, the binding of cyclin G2 to Dapper1 (Dpr1/DACT1), a protein involved in Wnt signalling, decreased the phosphorylation of Dpr1 at Ser762 by casein kinase 1 (CK1) and suppressed the Wnt signalling pathway. These findings reveal that cyclin G2 can protect against renal injury and fibrosis associated with DN and, thus, is a new target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
Notch1 protects against myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury via regulating mitochondrial fusion and function
Authors: Dai Shao-hua , Wu Qi-cai , Zhu Rong-rong , Wan Xue-mei , Zhou Xue-liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMitochondrial fusion and fission dynamic are critical to the myocardial protection against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. Notch1 signalling plays an important role in heart development, maturation and repair. However, the role of Notch1 in the myocardial mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamic remains elusive. Here, we isolated myocardial cells from rats and established myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) model. We modulated Notch1, MFN1 and DRP1 expression levels in myocardial cells via infection with recombinant adenoviruses. The results showed that Notch1 improves the cell viability and mitochondrial fusion in myocardiocytes exposed to IRI. These improvements were dependent on the regulation of MFN1 and DRP1. On the mechanism, we found that MNF1 is transcriptionally activated by RBP‐Jk in myocardiocytes. Notch1 also improves the mitochondrial membrane potential in myocardiocytes exposed to IRI. Moreover, we further confirmed the protection of the Notch1‐MFN1/Drp1 axis on the post‐ischaemic recovery of myocardial performance is associated with the preservation of the mitochondrial structure. In conclusion, this study presented a detailed mechanism by which Notch1 signalling improves mitochondrial fusion during myocardial protection.
Prenatal hypoxia inhibited propionate‐evoked BK channels of mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells in offspring
Authors: Zhang Wenna , Feng Xueqin , Zhang Yumeng , Sun Miao , Li Lingjun , Gao Qinqin , Tang Jiaqi , Zhang Pengjie , Lv Juanxiu , Zhou Xiuwen , Xu Zhice 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a common complication of pregnancy, gestational hypoxia has been shown to predispose offspring to vascular dysfunction. Propionate, one of short‐chain fatty acids, exerts cardioprotective effects via reducing blood pressure. This study examined whether prenatal hypoxia impaired propionate‐stimulated large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (BK) channel activities in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) and normoxia (21% oxygen) from gestational day 7‐21. At 6 weeks of age, VSMCs in mesenteric arteries of offspring were analysed for BK channel functions and gene expressions. It was shown firstly that propionate could open significantly BK single channel in VSMCs in a concentration‐dependent manner. Antagonists of G protein βγ subunits and inositol trisphosphate receptor could completely suppress the activation of BK by propionate, respectively. Gαi/o and ryanodine receptor were found to participate in the stimulation on BK. Compared to the control, vasodilation and increments of BK NPo (the open probability) evoked by propionate were weakened in the offspring by prenatal hypoxia with down‐regulated Gβγ and PLCβ. It was indicated that prenatal hypoxia inhibited propionate‐stimulated BK activities in mesenteric VSMCs of offspring via reducing expressions of Gβγ and PLCβ, in which endoplasmic reticulum calcium release might be involved.
Regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor functions by the GluN2 subunits
Authors: Vieira Marta , Yong Xuan Ling Hilary , Roche Katherine W. , Anggono Victor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate the flux of calcium (Ca2+) into the post‐synaptic compartment. Ca2+ influx subsequently triggers the activation of various intracellular signalling cascades that underpin multiple forms of synaptic plasticity. Functional NMDARs are assembled as heterotetramers composed of two obligatory GluN1 subunits and two GluN2 or GluN3 subunits. Four different GluN2 subunits (GluN2A‐D) are present throughout the central nervous system; however, they are differentially expressed, both developmentally and spatially, in a cell‐ and synapse‐specific manner. Each GluN2 subunit confers NMDARs with distinct ion channel properties and intracellular trafficking pathways. Regulated membrane trafficking of NMDARs is a dynamic process that ultimately determines the number of NMDARs at synapses, and is controlled by subunit‐specific interactions with various intracellular regulatory proteins. Here we review recent progress made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the trafficking of GluN2‐containing NMDARs, focusing on the roles of several key synaptic proteins that interact with NMDARs via their carboxyl termini.
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The effects of sarcopenic dysphagia on the dynamics of swallowing organs observed on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies
Authors: Miyashita Taishi , Kikutani Takeshi , Nagashima Keigo , Igarashi Kumi , Tamura Fumiyo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was (a) to determine the relationship of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings of the swallowing musculature with the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic dysphagia and (b) to examine the usefulness of VFSS for diagnosing sarcopenic dysphagia.MethodsThe participants were 132 patients (mean age, 80.4 ± 8.8 years). Their skeletal muscle mass, nutritional status and swallowing functions as assessed by VFSS findings were measured. Also, the relationship between the VFSS findings and sarcopenia was examined.ResultsOf all the participants, 20 men (mean age, 83.2 ± 6.9 years) and 27 women (mean age, 85.3 ± 6.9 years) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. In men, the amount of laryngeal upward movement (ALUM) was significantly lower and the pharyngeal area was significantly wider in the sarcopenia group than in the non‐sarcopenia group. In women, the pharyngeal area was significantly wider in the sarcopenia group than in the non‐sarcopenia group. In a logistic regression model, ALUM (odds ratio [OR] 1.135, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037‐1.241, P = .006) and pharyngeal area (OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.001‐0.670, P = .027) was a significant independent factor for the presence or absence of sarcopenia.ConclusionsThe decline in swallowing function of sarcopenia patients was characterised by lower laryngeal movement and enlargement of the pharyngeal cavity due to decreased skeletal muscle mass and decreased muscle strength. The present study suggested the usefulness of measuring ALUM during swallowing and measuring the pharyngeal area with VFSS as indicators of decreased swallowing muscle function in sarcopenia.
Investigation of cell death mechanism and activity of esculetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles on insulinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Karatug Kacar Ayse , Bahadori Fatemeh , Kepekci Tekkeli Serife Evrim , Topcu Gulacti , Bolkent Sehnaz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to prepare targeted cancer therapy formulation against insulinoma INS-1 cells and to study its effect on cell death with related mechanisms in vitro.

Methods
Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nano-micelles were used for preparation of esculetin nano-formulation (nano-esculetin). The cells were treated with nano-esculetin and free esculetin. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death percentages, cell proliferation, ATP and GTP reductions and insulin levels were investigated on insulinoma INS-1 cells for both free and nano-esculetin formulations.

Results
About 50 mg of PLGA was able to carry 20 mg esculetin in 20 ml of formulation. The obtained optimized formulation was 150 nm, with 92% encapsulation efficiency and a slow-release behaviour was observed during release studies. Nano-esculetin bearing 25, 50 and 100 μg esculetin and free esculetin in equivalent doses successfully decreased cell viability. The prevailing cell death mechanism was necrosis. Along with cell proliferation, intracellular insulin and the ratio of ATP and GTP were decreased even with 12.5, 25 and 50 μg esculetin bearing nano-formulation and its equivalent free esculetin.

Conclusions
The results revealed that esculetin is able to show its anti-tumor afficacy after loading to PLGA nano-micelles and nano-encapsulation intensifies its cytotoxic activity in vitro. Current study shows that esculetin and its nano formulations are promising agents in treatment of insulinoma.
Translation and psychometric testing of a decision‐making scale
Authors: Huang Chongmei , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Cross Wendy 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known about shared decision‐making?

There is increasing investigation of shared decision‐making in mental health services.

Exploration of shared decision‐making and relevant instrument is scant in China.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

In this study, the Clinical Decision‐making Involvement and Satisfaction (CDIS) was translated into Chinese and validated with patients and mental health professionals.

The Chinese version of the CDIS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perception of involvement and satisfaction with treatment decision for schizophrenia

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses could use the CDIS patient‐rated and health professional‐rated versions to compare their perceptions of the decision‐making process.

AbstractIntroductionThere is growing interest in shared decision‐making in Chinese mental health services. However, few specific instruments are available to measure decision‐making satisfaction and involvement.AimTo translate and validate Clinical Decision‐making Involvement and Satisfaction (CDIS) in a Chinese population.MethodsThe translation process was completed based on the Brislin translation method. Convenience sampling of 505 participants including 212 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 293 mental health professionals for psychometric testing (e.g., content and construct validity, and test‐retest reliability).ResultsThe CDIS Chinese version has good internal consistency and temporal stability. Factor analysis determined two factors including satisfaction and involvement subscales, explaining 60.08% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α was 0.70, and the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 to 0.89. The composite reliability value was 0.85, and the average variance extracted was 0.50. Critical Ratio values ranged from 5.28 to 17.95, and item‐total correlation values ranged from 0.48 to 0.75.DiscussionThe CDIS Chinese version is a feasible and reliable instrument.
Physiological and Metabolic Responses of a Novel Dunaliella salina Strain to Myo‐inositol1
Authors: Lv Hexin , Wang Qiao‐e , Qi Bingbing , Liu Cuihua , Xiao Yupeng , Jia Shiru 
Published: January 2020

Dunaliella salina is well known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of β‐carotene. Myo‐inositol (MI) enhances the biomass production of D. salina, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear. The present study showed that the concentration of exogenous MI decreased gradually and reached a constant level at the 4th day of cultivation. MI enhanced the contents of total colored carotenoids and the activity of photosystem II. Metabolic profiles were significantly changed after the addition of exogenous MI, as revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. The metabolites could be categorized into four groups based on the relative levels in different samples. Exogenous MI increased the levels of most detected sugars, amino acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Based on the physiological and metabolic analyses, a hypothetical growth‐promoting model that MI promotes the growth of D. salina TG by increasing the levels of key metabolites and possibly enhancing photosynthesis, was proposed. This study provides valuable information for understanding the growth‐promoting mechanisms of MI in D. salina from the metabolic perspective.
On the nature of canine aural haematoma and its treatment with continuous vacuum drainage
Authors: Lahiani Joachim , Niebauer Gert W. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate continuous vacuum drainage from the convex side of the pinna for surgical treatment of aural haematoma in dogs. To investigate aural haematoma fluid and cartilage samples harvested during surgery in an attempt to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of the lesion.Materials and MethodsTen client‐owned dogs with aural haematoma were treated by convex‐side vacuum drainage using different types of vacuum drains and containers and were followed‐up for at least 6 months. Systemic blood samples and aural haematoma fluids were analysed for biochemical, haematologic and electrophoretic content. Cartilage samples were examined histologically.ResultsNine of the 10 dogs were successfully treated without recurrence at 6 months postoperatively and with excellent cosmetic results. In one case, infection required early drain removal and delayed healing was associated with wrinkling of the pinna. Fluid sample analysis suggested that “aural haematoma” contains a transudate that accumulates within a cartilage‐lined cavity. Histologic examination of the tissue samples revealed clefts of the pinna cartilage, with the luminal surface often lined with granulation tissue. Fluids and cartilage lacked evidence of inflammation.Clinical SignificanceThis technique was characterised by patient comfort, tolerance of drains, absence of dressings and good cosmetic outcome. The results of fluid analysis suggest that the term “aural seroma” would be more appropriate for this condition.
Evaluation of toceranib for treatment of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma in dogs
Authors: Heaton Caitlin M. , Fernandes Arthur F. A. , Jark Paulo C. , Pan Xuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no widely accepted standard medical treatment for apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) in dogs. Targeted agents such as toceranib may be effective in treatment of AGASACA, but the number of clinical reports investigating its efficacy is limited.Hypothesis/AimTo evaluate the efficacy of toceranib treatment of AGASACA in dogs, and to assess prognostic factors in the study population. Our hypothesis was that toceranib would provide a clinical benefit in the treatment of dogs with AGASACA.AnimalsThirty‐six client‐owned dogs with either a cytologic or histologic diagnosis of AGASACA that were treated with toceranib alone or in combination with surgery, nonconcurrent chemotherapy or both.MethodsRetrospective study.ResultThe median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival time (OST) for the study population was 313 days and 827 days, respectively. A clinical benefit from toceranib treatment was observed in 69% of dogs, with 20.7% of dogs experiencing partial response and 48.3% of dogs experiencing stable disease. Dogs that responded to toceranib treatment had significantly prolonged PFS and OST. Hypercalcemia was a negative prognostic factor for clinical outcomes.ConclusionsToceranib is effective in the treatment of AGASACA in dogs. Prospective, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of toceranib in comparison to other treatment protocols for dogs with AGASACA.
Bacterial infection before and after stent placement in dogs with tracheal collapse syndrome
Authors: Lesnikowski Sylvia , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson , Le Roux Alexandre , Tozier Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDogs with tracheal stents often have positive airway bacterial cultures. The pathogenicity of these organisms and risk factors for infection have not been investigated.ObjectiveDescribe bacterial infection in dogs with tracheal collapse before and after tracheal stent placement.AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of dogs receiving tracheal stents with thoracic radiographs, tracheoscopy, and endotracheal lavage.ResultsThere was no difference between the overall prevalence of dogs with positive bacterial cultures before (31/38; 82%) or after stent placement (24/31; 77%) (P = .67). An increased number of geriatric (17/28; 61%) and traditional‐type collapse (TTC) (16/26; 62%) dogs had positive pathogenic airway infections before stent placement, compared to young (8/25; 32%; P = .04) and malformation‐type collapse (MTC) dogs (9/27; 33%; P = .04). After tracheal stent placement, geriatric dogs had a 52% reduction in pathogenic bacteria infection frequency (P = .02) and dogs with TTC had a 56% reduction in pathogenic bacteria infection frequency (P = .01). Significant risk factors for pathogenic infection included a history of pneumonia (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 0.28‐43.36) and cardiac disease (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.16‐9.92) in geriatric dogs, and hepatomegaly in young dogs (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 0.12‐19.44).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTracheal stent placement does not increase the overall rate of pathogenic bacterial infection in dogs with tracheal collapse and can decrease the rate of subsequent pathogenic infections in geriatric dogs and dogs with TTC that require tracheal stenting. Airway culture and cytology should be performed in all dogs undergoing tracheal stent placement.
On the possible ecological roles of antimicrobials
Authors: Pishchany Gleb , Kolter Roberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Introduction of antibiotics into the clinical use in the middle of the 20th century had a profound impact on modern medicine and human wellbeing. The contribution of these wonder molecules to public health and science is hard to overestimate. Much research has informed our understanding of antibiotic mechanisms of action and resistance at inhibitory concentrations in the lab and in the clinic. Antibiotics, however, are not a human invention as most of them are either natural products produced by soil microorganisms or semisynthetic derivatives of natural products. Because we use antibiotics to inhibit the bacterial growth, it is generally assumed that growth inhibition is also their primary ecological function in the environment. Nevertheless, multiple studies point to diverse nonlethal effects that are exhibited at lower levels of antibiotics. Here we review accumulating evidence of antibiosis and of alternative functions of antibiotics exhibited at subinhibitory concentrations. We also speculate on how these effects might alter phenotypes, fitness, and community composition of microbes in the context of the environment and suggest directions for future research.