bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typen von Weiterbildungseinrichtungen – Überblick und Ausdifferenzierungen für die Programm- und Organisationsforschung
Authors: von Hippel Aiga , Stimm Maria 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel des Beitrags ist es, ein Angebot zu formulieren, wie Weiterbildungseinrichtungen unter den Entwicklungen der Weiterbildungslandschaft typisiert und systematisch weiter ausdifferenziert werden können. In den Ausführungen wird neben einem Vorschlag zur Ausdifferenzierung eine Erweiterung der bisher bestehenden Perspektive von Einrichtungstypologien angeboten, indem beigeordnete Bildung als Kategorie der Typenbildung mit aufgenommen wird. Der Beitrag verortet sich daher an der Schnittstelle von Programm- und Organisationsforschung.
Are Plant-Based Analogues Replacing Cow’s Milk in the American Diet?
Authors: Stewart Hayden , Kuchler Fred , Cessna Jerry , Hahn William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRetail sales of fluid cow’s milk are decreasing while those of plant-based milk analogues are increasing. In this study, we model the relationship between households’ purchases of both types of products and perform simulations. Results show that growing consumer demand for plant-based products is causing cow’s milk sales to decline somewhat faster than otherwise. However, plant-based products are not a primary driver of sales trends for cow’s milk. The decline in cow’s milk sales is substantially greater than the rise in sales of plant-based analogues.
Interbank Relations, Environmental Uncertainty, and Corporate Credit Access in China
Authors: Burzynska Katarzyna , Opper Sonja 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe hypothesize that informal bank networks influence corporate credit access in China. Our sample comprises a panel of 515 corporations listed on China's stock exchanges with a total of 1,052 firm-year observations, holding a total of 7,009 major bank loans from 183 distinct banks between 2007 and 2012. Results support the hypothesis that closure in bank networks facilitates credit access. We further show that the positive closure-performance association offers fewer advantages if financial markets and the legal infrastructure are relatively well developed. Our findings contribute to an emergent literature examining how informal networks can productively substitute weak formal institutions, and how the interplay between informal networks and network embeddedness shapes individual and corporate strategies.
A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: an action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together
Authors: Azat Claudio , Valenzuela-Sánchez Andrés , Delgado Soledad , Cunningham Andrew A. , Alvarado-Rybak Mario , Bourke Johara , Briones Raúl , Cabeza Osvaldo , Castro-Carrasco Camila , Charrier Andres , Correa Claudio , Crump Martha L. , Cuevas César C. , de la Maza Mariano , Díaz-Vidal Sandra , Flores Edgardo , Harding Gemma , Lavilla Esteban O. , Mendez Marco A. , Oberwemmer Frank , Carlos Ortiz Juan , Pastore Hernán , Peñafiel-Ricaurte Alexandra , Rojas-Salinas Leonora , Manuel Serrano José , Sepúlveda Maximiliano A. , Toledo Verónica , Úbeda Carmen , Uribe-Rivera David E. , Valdivia Catalina , Wren Sally , Angulo Ariadne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDarwin's frogsRhinoderma darwiniiandRhinoderma rufumare the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis:R. rufumis categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, andR. darwiniias Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review ofRhinodermaspp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps onRhinodermaspp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.
Prevalence and regional variations of coexistence of child stunting and maternal overweight or obesity in Myanmar
Authors: Hong Seo Ah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The current study aimed to investigate double burden of malnutrition within households at the national and subnational levels and to identify its association with sociodemographic factors in Myanmar.

Design:
All the variables were extracted from children’s file of the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016. Children under five were identified as stunted based on a height-for-age < −2 sd below the WHO reference median. Maternal overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2. A stunted child with an overweight/obese mother (SCOM) was classified as a double-burden household.

Setting:
A national household survey in Myanmar.

Participants:
Children under five and their mothers (n 3954 pairs).

Results:
Mean ages of children and mothers were 29 (se 0·14) months and 30·9 (se 0·32) years, respectively. National prevalence of childhood stunting and maternal overweight/obesity was 28·0 % and 39·4 %, respectively, and the prevalence of SCOM was 9·1 %. Significant regional differences were found in SCOM, ranging from 3·6 % in Naypyitaw to 12 % in Kachin and Mon and 14·6 % in Kayah. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, relative to neither a stunted child nor an overweight/obese mother, child’s age, maternal age, maternal experience of a teen birth, short mothers, mothers with primary education and in middle or rich wealth tertiles, and some regions (Kachin, Kayah, Shan, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Ayeyarwaddy, Mon and Yangon) were associated with greater odds of SCOM.

Conclusions:
The current study showed a relatively high national prevalence of SCOM and significant regional variations. Overarching policies and programmes with culturally sensitive strategies need to be formulated and implemented.
Uptake of referrals for women with positive perinatal depression screening results and the effectiveness of interventions to increase uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue WQ , Cheng KK , Xu D , Jin X , Gong WJ 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Perinatal depression threatens the health of maternal women and their offspring. Although screening programs for perinatal depression exist, non-uptake of referral to further mental health care after screening reduces the utility of these programs. Uptake rates among women with positive screening varied widely across studies and little is known about how to improve the uptake rate. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on uptake rates, estimate the pooled rate, identify interventions to improve uptake of referral and explore the effectiveness of those interventions.

Methods
This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019138095). We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Databases from database inception to January 13, 2019 and scanned reference lists of relevant researches for studies published in English or Chinese. Studies providing information on uptake rate and/or effectiveness of interventions on uptake of referral were eligible for inclusion. Studies were excluded if they did not report the details of the referral process or did not provide exact uptake rate. Data provided by observational studies and quasi-experimental studies were used to estimate the pooled uptake rate through meta-analysis. We also performed meta-regression and subgroup analyses to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, we conducted descriptive analyses instead of meta-analyses since there was only one randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Results
Of 2302 records identified, 41 studies were eligible for inclusion, including 39 observational studies (n = 9337), one quasi-experimental study (n = 43) and one RCT (n = 555). All but two studies were conducted in high-income countries. The uptake rates reported by included studies varied widely and the pooled uptake rate of referral was 43% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 35–50%) by a random-effect model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses both showed that referral to on-site assessment or treatment (60%, 95% CI 51–69%) had a significantly higher uptake rate than referral to mental health service (32%, 95% CI 23–41%) (odds ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52). The included RCT showed that the referral intervention significantly improved the uptake rate (p ＜ 0.01).

Conclusions
Almost three-fifths of women with positive screening results do not take up the referral offers after perinatal depression screening. Referral to on-site assessment and treatment may improve uptake of referral, but the quality of evidence on interventions to increase uptake was weak. More robust studies are needed, especially in low-and middle-income countries.
Sensitivity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Model Resolution in CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulations and Implications for Future Changes
Authors: Roberts Malcolm J. , Jackson Laura C. , Roberts Christopher D. , Meccia Virna , Docquier David , Koenigk Torben , Ortega Pablo , Moreno‐Chamarro Eduardo , Bellucci Alessio , Coward Andrew , Drijfhout Sybren , Exarchou Eleftheria , Gutjahr Oliver , Hewitt Helene , Iovino Doroteaciro , Lohmann Katja , Putrasahan Dian , Schiemann Reinhard , Seddon Jon , Terray Laurent , Xu Xiaobiao , Zhang Qiuying , Chang Ping , Yeager Stephen G. , Castruccio Frederic S. , Zhang Shaoqing , Wu Lixin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA multimodel, multiresolution ensemble using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) coupled experiments is used to assess the performance of key aspects of the North Atlantic circulation. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and related heat transport, tends to become stronger as ocean model resolution is enhanced, better agreeing with observations at 26.5°N. However, for most models the circulation remains too shallow compared to observations and has a smaller temperature contrast between the northward and southward limbs of the AMOC. These biases cause the northward heat transport to be systematically too low for a given overturning strength. The higher‐resolution models also tend to have too much deep mixing in the subpolar gyre. In the period 2015–2050 the overturning circulation tends to decline more rapidly in the higher‐resolution models, which is related to both the mean state and to the subpolar gyre contribution to deep water formation. The main part of the decline comes from the Florida Current component of the circulation. Such large declines in AMOC are not seen in the models with resolutions more typically used for climate studies, suggesting an enhanced risk for Northern Hemisphere climate change. However, only a small number of different ocean models are included in the study.
Impacts of Shifting Subtropical Highs on the California Current and Canary Current Systems
Authors: Schmidt Daniel F. , Amaya Dillon J. , Grise Kevin M. , Miller Arthur J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUpwelling in eastern boundary current regions is crucial to bringing nutrient‐rich water to the photic zone and supporting the associated ecosystems. This upwelling is a result of the wind‐driven ocean circulation and is therefore susceptible to changes in the atmospheric circulation. We use the Community Earth System Model and observational data to explore the response of upwelling in the California Current and Canary Current systems to shifts in the Northern Hemisphere subtropical high‐pressure systems. We find that shifts in the North Pacific subtropical high explain a substantial fraction of both the short‐term variability and projected trend in upwelling in the California Current system during boreal summer. By contrast, the Canary Current system is less affected by shifts of the North Atlantic subtropical high, mostly because the strongest wind anomalies associated with shifts of this high‐pressure system occur too far north. We also find little impact from the Northern Hemisphere Hadley cell.
Fecal microbial transplantation and a high fiber diet attenuates emphysema development by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Jang Yoon Ok , Lee Se Hee , Choi Jong Jin , Kim Do-Hyun , Choi Je-Min , Kang Min-Jong , Oh Yeon-Mok , Park Young-Jun , Shin Yong , Lee Sei Won 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent work has suggested a microbial dysbiosis association between the lung and gut in respiratory diseases. Here, we demonstrated that gut microbiome modulation attenuated emphysema development. To modulate the gut microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and diet modification were adopted in mice exposed to smoking and poly I:C for the emphysema model. We analyzed the severity of emphysema by the mean linear intercept (MLI) and apoptosis by the fluorescent TUNEL assay. Microbiome analysis was also performed in feces and fecal extracellular vesicles (EVs). The MLI was significantly increased with smoking exposure. FMT or a high-fiber diet (HFD) attenuated the increase. Weight loss, combined with smoking exposure, was not noted in mice with FMT. HFD significantly decreased macrophages and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, IL-6 and IFN-γ were decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. The TUNEL score was significantly lower in mice with FMT or HFD, suggesting decreased cell apoptosis. In the microbiome analysis,BacteroidaceaeandLachnospiraceae, which are alleged to metabolize fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased at the family level with FMT and HFD. FMT and HFD attenuated emphysema development via local and systemic inhibition of inflammation and changes in gut microbiota composition, which could provide a new paradigm in COPD treatment.
Predicting disease occurrence with high accuracy based on soil macroecological patterns of Fusarium wilt
Authors: Yuan Jun , Wen Tao , Zhang He , Zhao Mengli , Penton C Ryan , Thomashow Linda S , Shen Qirong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil-borne plant diseases are increasingly causing devastating losses in agricultural production. The development of a more refined model for disease prediction can aid in reducing crop losses through the use of preventative control measures or soil fallowing for a planting season. The emergence of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology has provided unprecedented insight into the microbial composition of diseased versus healthy soils. However, a single independent case study rarely yields a general conclusion predictive of the disease in a particular soil. Here, we attempt to account for the differences among various studies and plant varieties using a machine-learning approach based on 24 independent bacterial data sets comprising 758 samples and 22 independent fungal data sets comprising 279 samples of healthy or Fusarium wilt-diseased soils from eight different countries. We found that soil bacterial and fungal communities were both clearly separated between diseased and healthy soil samples that originated from six crops across nine countries or regions. Alpha diversity was consistently greater in the fungal community of healthy soils. While diseased soil microbiomes harbored higher abundances of Xanthomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Gibberella, and Fusarium oxysporum, the healthy soil microbiome contained more Streptomyces Mirabilis, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Mortierella, and nonpathogenic fungi of Fusarium. Furthermore, a random forest method identified 45 bacterial OTUs and 40 fungal OTUs that categorized the health status of the soil with an accuracy &gt;80%. We conclude that these models can be applied to predict the potential for occurrence of F. oxysporum wilt by revealing key biological indicators and features common to the wilt-diseased soil microbiome.
Ultrashort laser pulse doubling by metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells
Authors: Guo Jia , Liu Tanghao , Li Mingjie , Liang Chao , Wang Kaiyang , Hong Guo , Tang Yuxin , Long Guankui , Yu Siu-Fung , Lee Tae-Woo , Huang Wei , Xing Guichuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple ultrashort laser pulses are widely used in optical spectroscopy, optoelectronic manipulation, optical imaging and optical signal processing etc. The laser pulse multiplication, so far, is solely realized by using the optical setups or devices to modify the output laser pulse from the optical gain medium. The employment of these external techniques is because the gain medium itself is incapable of modifying or multiplying the generated laser pulse. Herein, with single femtosecond laser pulse excitation, we achieve the double-pulsed stimulated emission with pulse duration of around 40 ps and pulse interval of around 70 ps from metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells. These unique stimulated emissions originate from one fast vertical and the other slow lateral high-efficiency carrier funneling from low-dimensional to high-dimensional quantum wells. Furthermore, such gain medium surprisingly possesses nearly Auger-free stimulated emission. These insights enable us a fresh approach to multiple the ultrashort laser pulse by gain medium.
MG53 suppresses interferon-β and inflammation via regulation of ryanodine receptor-mediated intracellular calcium signaling
Authors: Sermersheim Matthew , Kenney Adam D. , Lin Pei-Hui , McMichael Temet M. , Cai Chuanxi , Gumpper Kristyn , Adesanya T. M. Ayodele , Li Haichang , Zhou Xinyu , Park Ki-Ho , Yount Jacob S. , Ma Jianjie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTRIM family proteins play integral roles in the innate immune response to virus infection. MG53 (TRIM72) is essential for cell membrane repair and is believed to be a muscle-specific TRIM protein. Here we show human macrophages express MG53, and MG53 protein expression is reduced following virus infection. Knockdown of MG53 in macrophages leads to increases in type I interferon (IFN) upon infection. MG53 knockout mice infected with influenza virus show comparable influenza virus titres to wild type mice, but display increased morbidity accompanied by more accumulation of CD45+ cells and elevation of IFNβ in the lung. We find that MG53 knockdown results in activation of NFκB signalling, which is linked to an increase in intracellular calcium oscillation mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR). MG53 inhibits IFNβ induction in an RyR-dependent manner. This study establishes MG53 as a new target for control of virus-induced morbidity and tissue injury.
Detection of the thietane precursor in the UVA formation of the DNA 6-4 photoadduct
Authors: Ortiz-Rodríguez Luis A. , Reichardt Christian , Hoehn Sean J. , Jockusch Steffen , Crespo-Hernández Carlos E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNotwithstanding the central biological role of the (6-4) photoadduct in the induction of skin cancer by sunlight, crucial mechanistic details about its formation have evaded characterization despite efforts spanning more than half a century. 4-Thiothymidine (4tT) has been widely used as an important model system to study its mechanism of formation, but the excited-state precursor, the intermediate species, and the time scale leading to the formation of the (6-4) photoadduct have remained elusive. Herein, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques are combined with new and reported quantum-chemical calculations to demonstrate the excited state leading to the formation of the thietane intermediate, its rate, and the formation of the (6-4) photoadduct using the 5’-TT(4tT)T(4tT)TT-3’ DNA oligonucleotide. Efficient, sub-1 ps intersystem crossing leads to the population of a triplet minimum of the thietane intermediate in as short as 3 ps, which intersystem crosses to its ground state and rearranges to form the (6-4) photoadduct.
Environmental DNA allows upscaling spatial patterns of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Carraro Luca , Mächler Elvira , Wüthrich Remo , Altermatt Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe alarming declines of freshwater biodiversity call for efficient biomonitoring at fine spatiotemporal scales, such that conservation measures be grounded upon accurate biodiversity data. Here, we show that combining environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from stream water samples with models based on hydrological first principles allows upscaling biodiversity estimates for aquatic insects at very high spatial resolution. Our model decouples the diverse upstream contributions to the eDNA data, enabling the reconstruction of taxa distribution patterns. Across a 740-km2 basin, we obtain a space-filling biodiversity prediction at a grain size resolution of 1-km long stream sections. The model’s accuracy in matching direct observations of aquatic insects’ local occurrence ranges between 57–100%. Our results demonstrate how eDNA can be used for high-resolution biodiversity assessments in rivers with minimal prior knowledge of the system. Our approach allows identification of biodiversity hotspots that could be otherwise overlooked, enabling implementation of focused conservation strategies.
Tumors induce de novo steroid biosynthesis in T cells to evade immunity
Authors: Mahata Bidesh , Pramanik Jhuma , van der Weyden Louise , Polanski Krzysztof , Kar Gozde , Riedel Angela , Chen Xi , Fonseca Nuno A. , Kundu Kousik , Campos Lia S. , Ryder Edward , Duddy Graham , Walczak Izabela , Okkenhaug Klaus , Adams David J. , Shields Jacqueline D. , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumors subvert immune cell function to evade immune responses, yet the complex mechanisms driving immune evasion remain poorly understood. Here we show that tumors induce de novo steroidogenesis in T lymphocytes to evade anti-tumor immunity. Using a transgenic steroidogenesis-reporter mouse line we identify and characterize de novo steroidogenic immune cells, defining the global gene expression identity of these steroid-producing immune cells and gene regulatory networks by using single-cell transcriptomics. Genetic ablation of T cell steroidogenesis restricts primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in mouse models. Steroidogenic T cells dysregulate anti-tumor immunity, and inhibition of the steroidogenesis pathway is sufficient to restore anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrates T cell de novo steroidogenesis as a mechanism of anti-tumor immunosuppression and a potential druggable target.