bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Acylglycerols Inversely Associate with Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Severe COPD
Authors: LI RONGSONG , ADAMI ALESSANDRA , CHANG CHIH-CHIANG , TSENG CHI-HONG , HSIAI TZUNG K. , ROSSITER HARRY B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with altered metabolism and body composition that accompany poor outcomes. We aimed to determine whether metabolic derangements in COPD are associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning and/or physical inactivity, independent of pulmonary obstruction.

Methods
We characterized serum metabolites associated with muscle oxidative capacity or physical activity in 44 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] = 61% ± 4% predicted) and 63 current and former smokers with normal spirometry (CON) (FEV1 = 93% ± 2% predicted). Medial gastrocnemius oxidative capacity was assessed at rest from the recovery rate constant (k) of muscle oxygen consumption using near-infrared spectroscopy. Step counts and physical activity (average vector magnitude units [VMU] per minute) were measured over 5–7 d using triaxial accelerometry. Untargeted prime and lipid metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Results
Muscle k (1.12 ± 0.05 vs 1.68 ± 0.06 min−1, P < 0.0001, d = 1.58) and VMU per minute (170 ± 26 vs 450 ± 50 VMU per minute, P = 0.004, d = 1.04) were lower in severe COPD (FEV1 < 50% predicted, n = 14–16) compared with CON (n = 56–60). A total of 129 prime metabolites and 470 lipids with known identity were quantified. Using sex as a covariate, lipidomics revealed 24 differentially expressed lipids (19 sphingomyelins) in COPD, consequent to a diminished sex difference of sphingomyelins in COPD (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05, n = 44). Total, and some individual, fatty acid concentrations were greater in severe COPD than CON (FDR < 0.05, n = 16, d = 0.56–1.02). After adjusting for FEV1% predicted, we observed that grouped diacylglycerides (ρ = −0.745, FDR = 0.03) and triacylglycerides (ρ = −0.811, FDR = 0.01) were negatively associated with muscle oxidative capacity, but not physical activity, in severe COPD (n = 14).

Conclusion
Strong negative associations relate impaired mitochondrial function to the accumulation of serum aclyglycerides in severe COPD.
Altered Position Sense after Submaximal Eccentric Exercise–inducing Central Fatigue
Authors: DA SILVA FLAVIO , MONJO FLORIAN , ZGHAL FIRAS , CHORIN FRÉDÉRIC , GUÉRIN OLIVIER , COLSON SERGE S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to concomitantly investigate the acute and delayed effects of a submaximal eccentric-induced muscle fatigue on the position sense and the neuromuscular function of the right knee extensor muscles.

Methods
Thirteen young and physically active participants performed a unilateral isokinetic eccentric exercise of their right lower limb until a decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of 20% was reached. Neuromuscular (i.e., MVIC, voluntary activation (VA) level, and evoked contractile properties [DB100 and DB10]) and psychophysical evaluations (i.e., bilateral position-matching task, perceived muscle soreness, and perceived fatigue) were performed at four time points: before (PRE), immediately after (POST), 24 (POST24), and 48 (POST48) the exercise.

Results
The acute 20% MVIC reduction (P < 0.001) was associated with both central (i.e., −13% VA decrease, P < 0.01) and peripheral (i.e., −18% and −42% reduction of DB100 and DB10, respectively, P < 0.001) fatigue. In the following days (POST24 and POST48), VA levels had recovered despite the presence of a persisting peripheral fatigue and delayed-onset muscle soreness. Knee position sense, as revealed by position errors, was significantly altered only at POST (P < 0.05) with participants overestimating the length of their knee extensor. Position errors and VA deficits were significantly correlated at POST (r = −0.60, P = 0.03). Position errors returned to nonsignificant control values in the following days.

Conclusion
The acute central fatigue induced by the eccentric exercise contributes to the position sense disturbances. Central fatigue might lead to alterations in the sensory structures responsible for the integration and the processing of position-related sensory inputs.
Accelerated Muscle Recovery in Baseball Pitchers Using Phase Change Material Cooling
Authors: MULLANEY MICHAEL J. , MCHUGH MALACHY P. , KWIECIEN SUSAN Y. , IOVIERO NEIL , FINK ANDREW , HOWATSON GLYN 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to document recovery after a pitching performance and determine whether prolonged postgame phase change material (PCM) cooling of the shoulder and forearm accelerates recovery.

Methods
Strength, soreness, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were assessed before and on the 2 d after pitching performances in 16 college pitchers. Pitchers were randomized to receive either postgame PCM cooling packs on the shoulder and forearm or no cooling (control). PCM packs were applied inside compression shirts and delivered cooling at a constant temperature of 15°C for 3 h. Strength was assessed for shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), empty can (EC) test, and grip.

Results
Total pitch count was 60 ± 16 for 23 PCM cooling games and 62 ± 17 for 24 control games (P = 0.679). On the days after pitching, IR strength (P = 0.006) and grip strength (P = 0.036) were higher in the PCM cooling group versus control. One day after pitching, IR strength was 95% ± 14% of baseline with PCM cooling versus 83% ± 13% for control (P = 0.008, effect size d = 0.91) and 107% ± 9% versus 95% ± 10% for grip strength (P = 0.022, effect size d = 1.29). There was a trend for greater ER strength with PCM cooling (P = 0.091, effect size d = 0.51). The EC strength was not impaired after pitching (P = 0.147) and was therefore unaffected by PCM cooling (P = 0.168). Elevations in soreness and CK were not different between treatments (treatment–time CK P = 0.139, shoulder soreness P = 0.885, forearm soreness P = 0.206).

Conclusion
This is one of the first studies to document impairments in muscle function on the days after baseball pitching, and the first study showing a novel cryotherapy intervention that accelerates recovery of muscle function in baseball pitchers after a game.
Muscle Glycogen Utilization during Exercise after Ingestion of Alcohol
Authors: SMITH HARRY A. , HENGIST AARON , BONSON DRUSUS JOHNSON , WALHIN JEAN-PHILIPPE , JONES ROBERT , TSINTZAS KOSTAS , AFMAN GREGG H. , GONZALEZ JAVIER T. , BETTS JAMES A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ingested ethanol (EtOH) is metabolized gastrically and hepatically, which may influence resting and exercise metabolism. Previous exercise studies have provided EtOH intravenously rather than orally, altering the metabolic effects of EtOH. No studies to date have investigated the effects of EtOH ingestion on systemic and peripheral (e.g., skeletal muscle) exercise metabolism.

Methods
Eight men (mean ± SD; age = 24 ± 5 yr, body mass = 76.7 ± 5.6 kg, height = 1.80 ± 0.04 m, V˙O2peak = 4.1 ± 0.2 L·min−1) performed two bouts of fasted cycling exercise at 55% V˙O2peak for 2 h, with (EtOH) and without (control) prior ingestion of EtOH 1 h and immediately before exercise (total dose = 0.1 g·kg lean body mass−1·h−1; 30.2 ± 1.1 g 40% ABV Vodka; fed in two equal boluses) in a randomized order, separated by 7–10 d.

Results
Muscle glycogen use during exercise was not different between conditions (mean [normalized 95% confidence interval]; EtOH, 229 [156–302] mmol·kg dm−1, vs control, 258 [185–331] mmol·kg dm−1; P = 0.67). Mean plasma glucose concentrations during exercise were similar (control, 5.26 [5.22–5.30], vs EtOH, 5.34 [5.30–5.38]; P = 0.06). EtOH ingestion resulted in similar plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations compared with rest (control, 0.43 [0.31–0.55] mmol·L−1, vs EtOH, 0.30 [0.21–0.40] mmol·L−1) and during exercise. Plasma lactate concentration was higher during the first 30 min of rest after EtOH consumption (mean concentration; control, 0.83 [0.77–0.90] mmol·L−1, vs EtOH, 1.00 [0.93–1.07] mmol·L−1), but the response during exercise was similar between conditions.

Conclusions
Muscle glycogen utilization was similar during exercise with or without prior EtOH ingestion, reflected in similar total whole-body carbohydrate oxidation rates observed.
Ventilatory Responsiveness during Exercise and Performance Impairment in Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Constantini Keren , Bouillet Anna C. , Wiggins Chad C. , Martin Bruce J. , Chapman Robert F. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An adequate increase in minute ventilation to defend arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during hypoxic exercise is commonly viewed as an important factor contributing to large inter-individual variations in the degree of exercise performance impairment in hypoxia. Although the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) could provide insight into the underpinnings of such impairments, it is typically measured at rest under isocapnic conditions. Thus, we aimed to determine whether 1) HVR at rest and during exercise are similar and 2) exercise HVR is related to the degree of impairment in cycling time trial (TT) performance from normoxia to acute hypoxia (∆TT).

Methods
Sixteen endurance-trained men (V˙O2peak, 62.5 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed two poikilocapnic HVR tests: one during seated rest (HVRREST) and another during submaximal cycling (HVREX). On two separate visits, subjects (n = 12) performed a 10-km cycling TT while breathing either room air (FiO2 = 0.21) or hypoxic gas mixture (FiO2 = 0.16) in a randomized order.

Results
HVREX was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than HVRREST (1.52 ± 0.47 and 0.22 ± 0.13 L·min−1·%SpO2
−1, respectively), and these measures were not correlated (r = −0.16, P = 0.57). ∆TT was not correlated with HVRREST (P = 0.70) or HVREX (P = 0.54), but differences in ventilation and end-tidal CO2 between hypoxic and normoxic TT and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 during normoxic TT explained ~85% of the variance in performance impairment in acute hypoxia (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
We conclude that 1) HVR is not an appropriate measure to predict the exercise ventilatory response or performance impairments in acute hypoxia and 2) an adequate and metabolically matched increase in exercise ventilation, but not the gain in the ventilatory response to hypoxia, is essential for mitigating hypoxia-induced impairments in endurance cycling performance.
Supplementary Energy Increases Bone Formation during Arduous Military Training
Authors: O’LEARY THOMAS J. , WALSH NEIL P. , CASEY ANNA , IZARD RACHEL M. , TANG JONATHAN C. Y. , FRASER WILLIAM D. , GREEVES JULIE P. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementary energy on bone formation and resorption during arduous military training in energy deficit.

Methods
Thirty male soldiers completed an 8-wk military combat course (mean ± SD, age = 25 ± 3 yr, height = 1.78 ± 0.05 m, body mass = 80.9 ± 7.7 kg). Participants received either the habitual diet (control group, n = 15) or an additional 5.1 MJ·d−1 to eliminate the energy deficit (supplemented group, n = 15). Circulating markers of bone formation and resorption, and reproductive, thyroid, and metabolic status, were measured at baseline and weeks 6 and 8 of training.

Results
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased in controls (−4.4 ± 1.9 μg·L−1) and increased in the supplemented group (16.0 ± 6.6 μg·L−1), between baseline and week 8 (P < 0.001). Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide increased between baseline and week 6 for both groups (5.6 ± 8.1 μg·L−1, P = 0.005). Beta carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen decreased between baseline and week 8 for both groups (−0.16 ± 0.20 μg·L−1, P < 0.001). Prolactin increased from baseline to week 8 for the supplemented group (148 ± 151 IU·L−1, P = 0.041). The increase in adiponectin from baseline to week 8 was higher in controls (4.3 ± 1.8 mg·L−1, P < 0.001) than that in the supplemented group (1.4 ± 1.0 mg·L−1, P < 0.001). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 was lower at week 8 than baseline for controls (−461 ± 395 ng·mL−1, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone formation, with supplementation supports a role of energy in osteoblastic activity; the implications for skeletal adaptation and stress fracture risk are unclear. The mechanism is likely through protecting markers of metabolic, but not reproductive or thyroid, function.
Development and validation of the English version of the Moral Growth Mindset measure
Authors: Han Hyemin , Dawson Kelsie J. , Choi YeEun Rachel , Choi Youn-Jeng , Glenn Andrea L. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Moral Growth Mindset (MGM) is a belief about whether one can become a morally better person through efforts. Prior research showed that MGM is positively associated with promotion of moral motivation among adolescents and young adults. We developed and tested the English version of the MGM measure in this study with data collected from college student participants. Methods: In Study 1, we tested the reliability and validity of the MGM measure with two-wave data (N = 212, Age mean = 24.18 years, SD = 7.82 years). In Study 2, we retested the construct validity of the MGM measure once again and its association with other moral and positive psychological indicators to test its convergent and discriminant validity (N = 275, Age mean = 22.02 years, SD = 6.34 years). Results: We found that the MGM measure was reliable and valid from Study 1. In Study 2, the results indicated that the MGM was well correlated with other moral and positive psychological indicators as expected. Conclusions: We developed and validated the English version of the MGM measure in the present study. The results from studies 1 and 2 supported the reliability and validity of the MGM measure. Given this, we found that the English version of the MGM measure can measure one’s MGM as we intended.
The complete genome sequence of Stevia rebaudiana, the Sweetleaf
Authors: O'Neill Kathleen , Pirro Stacy 
Published: July 2020

The Sweetleaf (Stevia rebaudiana: Asteraceae) is widely grown for use as a sweetener. We present the whole genome sequence and annotation of this species. A total of 146,838,888 paired-end reads consisting of 22.2G bases were obtained by sequencing one leaf from a commercially grown seedling. The reads were assembled by a de-novo method followed by alignment to related species. Annotation was performed via GenMark-ES. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR6792730) and Assembly (GCA_009936405).
Laser-induced damage threshold of the nonlinear crystals BaGa4Se7 and BaGa2GeSe6 at 2091  nm in the nanosecond regime
Authors: Kostyukova Nadezhda Yu. , Boyko Andrey A. , Eranov Ilya D. , Antipov Oleg L. , Kolker Dmitry B. , Kostyukov Anton I. , Erushin Evgenii Yu. , Miroshnichenko Ilya B. , Badikov Dmitrii V. , Badikov Valeriy V. 
Published: July 2020

The surface laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

and

B
a
G
a

2

G
e
S
e

6

nonlinear crystals was studied at 2091 nm. Both yellow and dark yellow phases of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

were investigated. The Ho:YAG laser generating nanosecond pulses at 2 kHz, 5 kHz, and 10 kHz was used as a radiation source. The R-on-1 procedure was applied to determine the 0% probability damage threshold. The LIDT of the dark yellow phase of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

without cleavage planes is very close to the

B
a
G
a

2

G
e
S
e

6

LIDT and exceeds by ca. 30% the LIDT of the yellow phase of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

at 2 and 5 kHz.
Magneto-optical Dy2O3 ceramics with optical grade
Authors: Aung Y. L. , Ikesue A. , Yasuhara R. , Iwamoto Y. 
Published: July 2020

Optical grade

D
y

2

O

3

ceramics was successfully produced by adding a small amount of

Z
r
O

2

as a sintering aid and hot isostatic pressing treatment at

1500

∘

C

after pre-sintering at

1550

∘

C

. No residual pores, grain boundary phases, or second phases were detected inside the transparent ceramics. Since birefringence was not observed under the polarizer, the produced

D
y

2

O

3

ceramics is an optically isotropic body. There was almost no beam distortion during the laser irradiation test, and the optical loss was extremely small (

<

0.1

%

/

c
m

). The Verdet constant was

422

r
a
d

T

−
1

m

−
1

at a wavelength of 633 nm, and the extinction ratio was 34 dB.
Fourier optical preprocessing in lieu of deep learning
Authors: Muminov Baurzhan , Vuong Luat T. 
Published: July 2020

Deep learning convolutional neural networks generally involve multiple-layer, forward-backward propagation machine-learning algorithms that are computationally costly. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative scheme to convolutional neural nets that reconstructs an original image from its optically preprocessed, Fourier-encoded pattern. The scheme is much less computationally demanding and more noise robust, and thus suited for high-speed and low-light imaging. We introduce a vortex phase transform with a lenslet-array to accompany shallow, dense, “small-brain” neural networks. Our single-shot coded-aperture approach exploits the coherent diffraction, compact representation, and edge enhancement of Fourier-transformed spiral phase gradients. With vortex encoding, a small brain is trained to deconvolve images at rates 5–20 times faster than those achieved with random encoding schemes, where greater advantages are gained in the presence of noise. Once trained, the small brain reconstructs an object from intensity-only data, solving an inverse mapping without performing iterations on each image and without deep learning schemes. With vortex Fourier encoding, we reconstruct MNIST Fashion objects illuminated with low-light flux (

5

nJ

/

cm
2

) at a rate of several thousand frames per second on a 15 W central processing unit. We demonstrate that Fourier optical preprocessing with vortex encoders achieves similar accuracies and speeds 2 orders of magnitude faster than convolutional neural networks.
Associations Between Gastric Cancer Risk and Virus Infection Other Than Epstein-Barr Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Xiao-Long , Liu Kai , Bai Dan , Zhang Wei-Han , Chen Xin-Zu , Hu Jian-Kun ,   on behalf of the SIGES research group
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Besides Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, other viruses might play potential roles in gastric carcinogenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the prevalence of the viruses between gastric cancer (GC) and any controls.

METHODS:
Comprehensive literature was searched up to January 25, 2019, and search was updated on April 6, 2020. The studies that compared the prevalence of viruses other than Epstein-Barr virus between GC and healthy or nonmalignant controls were eligible. Stata 12.0 software was used for heterogeneity tests and meta-analyses. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation were performed where applicable. The power (1–β) was estimated by the PASS 11 software for each individual study.

RESULTS:
A total of 41 eligible studies were included, concerning 11 kinds of viruses. Prevalence were significantly higher in GC for hepatitis B virus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.75), human cytomegalovirus (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.14–4.43), human papillomavirus (HPV) (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.05–2.54), and John Cunningham virus (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.26–5.04). In subgroup analyses, HPV-16 infection was significantly associated with GC (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.00–5.83).

DISCUSSION:
This study demonstrated that hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus, HPV, and John Cunningham virus were more prevalent in GC. However, the causal relationship between their infection and risk of GC remains inconclusive, and further investigations are required.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale for the Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kremer Wolfgang M. , Nagel Michael , Reuter Michael , Hilscher Max , Michel Maurice , Kaps Leonard , Labenz Joachim , Galle Peter R. , Sprinzl Martin F. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Labenz Christian 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Frailty is a common but often underestimated complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) allows the assessment of frailty within a short period of time but has only been investigated in a Canadian cohort of outpatients. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ability of the CFS to predict mortality in outpatients and nonelectively hospitalized German patients.

METHODS:
Two hundred outpatients and 99 nonelectively hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled. Outpatients/inpatients were followed for a median of 364/28 days regarding the primary outcome of death or liver transplantation. Eighty-seven patients of the outpatient cohort and 64 patients of the inpatient cohort had available computed tomography-scans for the quantification of muscle mass.

RESULTS:
Median CFS was 3 in the outpatient and the inpatient cohort. Twenty-one (10.5%) outpatients were at least prefrail (CFS > 3) and 26 (26.3%) inpatients were frail (CFS > 4). For every one-unit increase, there was an independent association between the CFS and mortality in the outpatient cohort (hazard ratio 1.534, P = 0.007). This association remained significant after controlling for muscle mass in the subcohort with available computed tomography scans. In the inpatient cohort, frailty (CFS > 4) was an independent predictor for 28-day mortality after controlling for acute-on-chronic liver failure, albumin, and infections (odds ratio 4.627, P = 0.045). However, this association did not reach significance in a subcohort after controlling for muscle mass.

DISCUSSION:
Especially in outpatients, CFS is a useful predictor regarding increased mortality independent of the muscle mass.
Manajemen Keuangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Wealth Management: Studi di TK Ceria Demangan Baru Yogyakarta
Authors: Dilla Raudhah Farah 
Published: July 2020

Financial management constitutes a crucial element in the performance of the entire programs and activities within an institution. This research was conducted to study financial management practices in Early Childhood Education institution namely TK Ceria Demanagn Baru Yogyakarta through the perspective of wealth management. This research is a descriptive qualitative in which data were collected through interviews and documentations. The results showed that, 1) TK Ceria Demangan Baru managed its financial resources by setting aside students’ contributions for savings funds. This will be used for purposes outside of planned financial arrangement, 2) analysed through the perspective of wealth management, the institution’s financial Management is situated in "Sd" (Student Donation) or equivalent to "E" (employees) within the Cashflow Quadrant. The actual financial management is carried out by first, conducting annual financial planning done at the beginning of each year, implementing the financial planning in all the institution’s programs and activities, recording the implementation, reporting the implementation to the foundation board, and evaluating the implementation. In addition, the implementation of the financial management is carried out by considering the principles of transparency, public accountability, effectiveness and efficiency. Meanwhile, institutional fund obtained merely from students’ contribution reduces the quantity of institutional financial income.