bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of race and socioeconomic status on the presentation, management and outcomes for gastric cancer patients: Analysis from a metropolitan area in the southeast United States
Authors: Tsao Miriam W. , Delozier Olivia M. , Stiles Zachary E. , Magnotti Louis J. , Behrman Stephen W. , Deneve Jeremiah L. , Glazer Evan S. , Shibata David , Yakoub Danny , Dickson Paxton V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic disparities in gastric cancer have been associated with differences in care and inferior outcomes. We evaluated the presentation, treatment, and survival for patients with gastric cancer (GC) in a metropolitan setting with a large African American population.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of patients with GC (2003‐2018) across a multi‐hospital system was performed. Associations between socioeconomic and clinicopathologic data with the presentation, treatment, and survival were examined.ResultsOf 359 patients, 255 (71%) were African American and 104 (29%) Caucasian. African Americans were more likely to present at a younger age (64.0 vs 72.5, P < .001), have state‐sponsored or no insurance (19.7% vs 6.9%, P = .02), reside within the lowest 2 quintiles for median income (67.4% vs 32.7%, P < .001), and have higher rates of Helicobacter pylori (14.9% vs 4.8%, P = .02). Receipt of multi‐modality therapy was not impacted by race or insurance status. On multivariable analysis, only AJCC T class (HR 1.68) and node positivity (HR 2.43) remained significant predictors of disease‐specific survival.ConclusionDespite socioeconomic disparities, African Americans, and Caucasians with GC had similar treatment and outcomes. African Americans presented at a younger age with higher rates of H. pylori positivity, warranting further investigation into differences in risk factors and tumor biology.
The hyperbolic Ernst equation in a triangular domain
Authors: Lenells Jonatan , Mauersberger Julian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe collision of two plane gravitational waves in Einstein’s theory of relativity can be described mathematically by a Goursat problem for the hyperbolic Ernst equation in a triangular domain. We use the integrable structure of the Ernst equation to present the solution of this problem via the solution of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. The formulation of the Riemann–Hilbert problem involves only the prescribed boundary data, thus the solution is as effective as the solution of a pure initial value problem via the inverse scattering transform. Our results are valid also for boundary data whose derivatives are unbounded at the triangle’s corners—this level of generality is crucial for the application to colliding gravitational waves. Remarkably, for data with a singular behavior of the form relevant for gravitational waves, it turns out that the singular integral operator underlying the Riemann–Hilbert formalism can be explicitly inverted at the boundary. In this way, we are able to show exactly how the behavior of the given data at the origin transfers into a singular behavior of the solution near the boundary.
Sediment Properties Drive Spatial Variability of Potential Methane Production and Oxidation in Small Streams
Authors: Bodmer P. , Wilkinson J. , Lorke A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) from streams and rivers are a significant component of global freshwater methane emissions. The distribution of CH4 production and oxidation within stream sections and in vertical sediment profiles is not well understood, and the environmental controls on CH4 production and emission in such systems create a significant challenge for assessing larger‐scale dynamics. Here we investigate factors driving the spatial variability of sediment potential methane production (PMP) and potential methane oxidation (PMO) in a temperate stream network in Germany. PMP was highly variable, ranging from 5 × 10−4 to 28.58 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 and PMO ranged from 0.43 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 to 14.41 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1. Important drivers of spatial variability of PMP and PMO in the sediments of the stream main‐stem were related to fine sediment fraction and organic carbon content. At smaller spatial scale, that is, in a sub‐catchment stream section, the drivers were more complex and included sediment nitrogen and organic carbon content, as well as porewater dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic matter quality, and metal concentrations. As with reservoirs and impounded rivers, fine sediment deposition and organic carbon content were found to be key controls on the spatial variability of CH4 production and oxidation. These findings enhance our understanding of CH4 dynamics, improve the potential for identifying CH4 production hotspots in small streams, and provide a potential means for upscaling emission rates in larger‐scale assessments.
Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in High School Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hasebe Yuki , Akasaka Kiyokazu , Otsudo Takahiro , Tachibana Yomei , Hall Toby , Yamamoto Mitsuru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe evaluated a range of physical characteristics related to hamstring injuries, as well as the Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, and whether this influenced the rate hamstring injury. Subjects comprised 259 male soccer players from seven high schools randomly clustered into two groups, a Nordic Hamstring Exercise group and a control group. Training and match time were logged, as well as details of hamstring injury, and subsequent time lost to hamstring injury recorded over a period of 27 weeks. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, injury rate per 10000 playing hours and time-lost-to-sport-injury rate were calculated. The relative risk and hamstring injury severity were also calculated. The hamstring injury rate was 1.04/10 000 h in the control group and 0.88/10 000 h in the intervention group. The relative risk for hamstring injury was 1.14. The time-lost to injury rate was 1116.3/10 000 h in the control group and 113.7/10 000 h in the intervention group; with relative risk 9.81. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise in high school soccer players significantly reduced hamstring injury severity compared to a control intervention. Our results indicate that the time-lost to injury rate should be taken into account when analyzing the severity of hamstring injury.
Skin Application of 4% Menthol Enhances Running Performance in Hot and Humid Climate
Authors: Hermand Eric , Collado Aurelie , Hue Olivier 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAerobic performance is negatively impacted by tropical climate due to impairment of thermoregulatory mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that a torso application of a 4% menthol solution would have the same effect on a best performance 10-km run as an external use of cold water. Thirteen trained male athletes completed four outdoor 10-km runs (T=29.0±1.3°C, relative humidity 59.0±13.6%) wearing a tee-shirt soaked every 2-km either in a cold (~6°C) or warm/ambient (~28°C) solution, consisting in water or in a 4% menthol solution, (CTL, MENT-Amb, CLD and MENT-CLD). Run performances were improved from 4.8 to 6.1% in CLD (51.4±5.5 min), MENT-Amb (52.2±5.9 min) and MENT-CLD (51.4±5.1 min) conditions (vs. CTL, 55.4±8.4 min, P<0.05), without differences between these three conditions, whereas heart rate (177±13bpm), body temperature (38.7±0.6°C) and drink ingestion (356±170 g) were not modified. Thermal sensation after running was lower in MENT-CLD (vs. CTL, P<0.01) and thermal acceptability was higher in CLD and MENT-Amb (vs. CTL, P<0.05), but thermal comfort, feeling scale and rate of perceived exertion remained unchanged. The use of menthol on skin enhances aerobic performance in a tropical climate, and no differences in performance were observed between menthol and traditional percooling strategies. However, combining both menthol and traditional percooling brought no further improvements.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs in College Athletes with a History of Ankle Sprain
Authors: Fukano Mako , Mineta Shinshiro , Hirose Norikazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnkle sprains are the most prevalent injuries, and elevated fear avoidance beliefs after ankle sprain episodes could inhibit athletic performance and contribute to residual symptoms, such as functional and/or mechanical instability. However, it remains unclear how fear avoidance beliefs differ according to conditions of posttraumatic sequelae. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fear of movement/reinjury differed between individuals with and without functional ankle instability (FI, NFI) and healthy controls (CON) and to examine the relationship between fear and ankle joint laxity by sex. Participants (115 male athletes, 105 female athletes) completed the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and ankle joint laxity test. Total 168 athletes (79 males, 89 females) data were eligible for analysis. The results demonstrated that fear of movement/reinjury was lower in individuals in the absence of functional ankle instability although they experienced ankle sprain (FI; TSK=38.6±4.5, AFAQ=27.4±6.2, NFI; TSK=35.7±5.6, AFAQ=24.5±6.6). The fear of movement/reinjury had correlation with ankle joint laxity only in female athletes (TSK; r=0.285, p=0.013, AFAQ; r 0=0.322, p=0.045).
Why Do Approved Mental Health Professionals Think Detentions under the Mental Health Act Are Rising and What Do They Think Should Be Done about It?
Authors: Bonnet Michael , Moran Nicola 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The number of people detained under the 1983 Mental Health Act has risen significantly in recent years and has recently been the subject of an independent review. Most existing research into the rise in detentions has tended to prioritise the perspectives of psychiatrists and failed to consider the views of Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs), usually social workers, who ultimately determine whether detention is appropriate. This mixed-methods study focused on AMHPs’ views on the reasons behind the rise in detentions and potential solutions. It included a national online survey of AMHPs (n = 160) and semi-structured interviews with six AMHPs within a Community Mental Health Team in England. AMHPs reported that demand for mental health services vastly exceeded supply and, due to inadequate resources, more people were being detained in hospital. AMHPs argued that greater investment in preventative mental health services and ‘low intensity’ support would help to mitigate the impact of social risk factors on mental health; and greater investment in crisis services, including non-medical alternatives to hospital, was required. Such investment at either end of the spectrum was expected to be more effective than changes to the law and lead to better outcomes for mental health service users.
Preoperative sarcopenia is associated with late mortality after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Okamura Homare , Kimura Naoyuki , Mieno Makiko , Yuri Koichi , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe investigated the association between sarcopenia (a marker of frailty) and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODSThis study included 304 patients who underwent elective isolated off-pump CABG at our hospital between October 2008 and August 2013. Psoas muscle area was measured on preoperative computed tomography scans. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest sex-specific quartile of the psoas muscle area index (the psoas muscle area normalized for height). Patients were categorized into a sarcopenia group (76 patients) and a non-sarcopenia group (228 patients). Patients in the sarcopenia group were older and showed a lower body mass index, lower serum haemoglobin and albumin levels and lower prevalence of dyslipidaemia but higher prevalence of renal dysfunction and peripheral artery disease. The mean follow-up period was 4.5 ± 2.3 years.RESULTSThe cut-off values for sarcopenia were psoas muscle area index 215 and 142 mm2/m2 in men and women, respectively. No intergroup difference was observed in the in-hospital mortality and morbidity rates. After risk adjustment using inverse probability weighting analysis, late mortality rates were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.022). Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative sarcopenia was an independent predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval 2.18–8.28; P &lt; 0.001). Preoperative sarcopenia was not associated with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events during follow-up.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative sarcopenia (assessed by psoas muscle area index) was associated with late mortality after CABG and effectively predicts postoperative prognosis.
Berlin Inventory of Caregiver Stress—Dementia (BICS-D)
Authors: Schlomann Anna , Schacke Claudia , Leipold Bernhard , Zank Susanne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Dementia is becoming increasingly prevalent and family caregivers have been providing most of the care for persons with dementia. This caregiving is a mentally and physically demanding task. “The Berlin Inventory of Caregiver Stress—Dementia” (BICS-D) is a theory driven, multidimensional assessment which was developed as part of the Longitudinal Dementia Caregiver Stress Study (LEANDER).

Research Design and Methods
The inventory consists of 25 subscales with a total of 121 items. Analyses of the psychometric properties of the inventory were based on responses from 594 caregivers.

Results
Factor analyses confirm the multidimensionality of the inventory. The reliabilities of the subscales (Cronbach’s α) are between .72 and .95. Validity and sensitivity of the inventory were also confirmed. Differing patterns of burden could be demonstrated for different relatives (partners, children, and daughters-in-law) as well as for different degrees of severity of dementia.

Discussion and Implications
The scores derived for the instrument have support for reliability and validity, and sensitivity to change. It is suitable for the differential measurement of burden experienced by different subgroups of caregivers as well as for the evaluation of interventions. The different subscales of the battery can also be used separately, depending on the study’s objectives.
Stability of Galerkin discretizations of a mixed space–time variational formulation of parabolic evolution equations
Authors: Stevenson Rob , Westerdiep Jan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyze Galerkin discretizations of a new well-posed mixed space–time variational formulation of parabolic partial differential equations. For suitable pairs of finite element trial spaces, the resulting Galerkin operators are shown to be uniformly stable. The method is compared to two related space–time discretization methods introduced by Andreev (2013, Stability of sparse space-time finite element discretizations of linear parabolic evolution equations. IMA J. Numer. Anal., 33, 242–260) and by Steinbach (2015, Space-time finite element methods for parabolic problems. Comput. Methods Appl. Math., 15, 551–566).
Predictive Performance of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers in High-Risk Elderly Patients
Authors: Ward Matthew D , Weber Art , Merrill VeRonika D , Welch Robert D , Bazarian Jeffrey J , Christenson Robert H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCH-L1) have recently received US Food and Drug Administration approval for prediction of abnormal computed tomography (CT) in mild traumatic brain injury patients (mTBI). However, their performance in elderly patients has not been characterized.

Methods
We performed a posthoc analysis using the A Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury (ALERT-TBI) study data. Previously recorded patient variables and serum values of GFAP and UCH-L1 from mTBI patients were partitioned at 65 years of age (herein referred to as ≥65, high-risk; &lt;65, low-risk). We sought to assess the influence of age on predictive performance, sensitivity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of serum UCH-L1 and GFAP to predict intracranial injury by CT.

Results
Elderly mTBI patients constituted 25.7% of the patient cohort (n = 504/1959). Sensitivity and NPV of GFAP/UCH-L1 were 100%, with no significant difference from younger patients (P = 0.5525 and P &gt; 0.9999, respectively). Specificity was significantly lower in elderly patients (0.131 vs 0.442; P &lt; 0.0001) and decreased stepwise with older age. Compared to younger patients, elderly mTBI patients without abnormal (i.e., normal) CT findings also had a significantly higher GFAP (38.6 vs 16.2 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001) and UCH-L1 (347.4 vs 232.1 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Sensitivity and NPV to predict intracranial injury by CT was nearly identical between younger and elderly mTBI patients. Decrements in specificity and increased serum values suggest that special deference may be warranted for elderly patients.
Massive osteolysis due to galvanic corrosion after total knee arthroplasty: a rare cause for early revision?
Authors: Zee Mark Johannes Maria , van Bemmel Barbara Catharina , van Raay Jos Jacobus Arnoldus Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 66-year-old male underwent a total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis after previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Seven years postoperatively, a symptomatic large lytic lesion was present surrounding the tibial stem. A titanium interference screw, which was used prior to fixate the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, was in direct contact with the tibial component. Galvanic corrosion may have attributed to the development of the lytic lesion. It is advised to remove any metal hardware in the vicinity of joint prosthesis in order to prevent a possible galvanic corrosive reaction.
Intestinal obstruction caused by pericecal internal herniation
Authors: Poelmann Floris B , Jutte Ewoud H , Pierie Jean Pierre E N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intestinal obstruction caused by pericecal internal herniation are rare and only described in a few cases. This case describes an 80-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, with no prior surgical history. Computed tomography was performed and showed a closed loop short bowel obstruction in the right lower quadrant and ascites. Laparoscopy revealed pericecal internal hernia. This is a viscous protrusion through a defect in the peritoneal cavity. Current operative treatment modalities include minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic repair of internal herniation is possible and feasible in experienced hands. It must be included in the differential diagnoses of every patient who presents with abdominal pain. When diagnosed act quick and thorough and expeditiously. Treatment preference should be a laparoscopic procedure.
Detection of Rhizopus-specific antigen in human and murine serum and bronchoalveolar lavage
Authors: Shibata Wataru , Niki Mamiko , Sato Kanako , Fujimoto Hiroki , Yamada Koichi , Watanabe Tetsuya , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Asai Kazuhisa , Obata Yoko , Tachibana Taro , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Kaneko Yukihiro , Kakeya Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mucormycosis is a deep-seated fungal infection that mainly develops in patients with severe immunodeficiencies such as those with malignant hematological diseases. Despite poor prognosis, there is no reliable and minimally invasive diagnostic method—such as serodiagnosis—for making a clinical decision regarding the condition. As early diagnosis and early treatment improve the prognosis of mucormycosis, the development of a sensitive early diagnostic method is important. We had previously identified a Rhizopus-specific antigen (RSA) by signal sequence trapping and retrovirus-mediated expression (SST-REX), and evaluated its utility as a diagnostic antigen by constructing a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to detect serum RSA levels in inoculated mice. In this study, we used the RSA-specific rabbit monoclonal antibodies generated by novel hybridoma technology to improve the sensitivity of the ELISA system. We observed an increase in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of RSA in mouse model 1 day after inoculation, suggesting that this newly developed monoclonal antibody-based ELISA system may be useful for the diagnosis of mucormycosis in the early stages of infection. In addition, we measured RSA levels in human serum and BALF, and found that serum RSA level was higher in mucormycosis patients (15.1 ng/ml) than that in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients (0.53 ng/ml) and the negative control (0.49 ng/ml). Our results suggest that RSA may be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis, and its differentiation from other deep-seated mycoses such as aspergillosis.
I-Block: a simple Escherichia coli-based assay for studying sequence-specific DNA binding of proteins
Authors: Szentes Sarolta , Zsibrita Nikolett , Koncz Mihály , Zsigmond Eszter , Salamon Pál , Pletl Zita , Kiss Antal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have developed a simple method called I-Block assay, which can detect sequence-specific binding of proteins to DNA in Escherichia coli. The method works by detecting competition between the protein of interest and RNA polymerase for binding to overlapping target sites in a plasmid-borne lacI promoter variant. The assay utilizes two plasmids and an E. coli host strain, from which the gene of the Lac repressor (lacI) has been deleted. One of the plasmids carries the lacI gene with a unique NheI restriction site created in the lacI promoter. The potential recognition sequences of the tested protein are inserted into the NheI site. Introduction of the plasmids into the E. coliΔlacI host represses the constitutive β-galactosidase synthesis of the host bacterium. If the studied protein expressed from a compatible plasmid binds to its target site in the lacI promoter, it will interfere with lacI transcription and lead to increased β-galactosidase activity. The method was tested with two zinc finger proteins, with the lambda phage cI857 repressor, and with CRISPR-dCas9 targeted to the lacI promoter. The I-Block assay was shown to work with standard liquid cultures, with cultures grown in microplate and with colonies on X-gal indicator plates.