bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Trends in Early Childhood and Their Predictors from an Indian Birth Cohort
Authors: Koshy Beena , Sriniva Manikandan , Bose Anuradha , John Sushil Mathew , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Roshan Reeba , Ramanujam Karthikeyen , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Early childhood developmental pattern analyses not only project future cognition potential, but also identify potential risks for possible intervention. There is a paucity of literature evaluating developmental trends in the low and middle income country settings.Methods: Trends of early childhood development at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age and their predictors were explored in a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study in an urban slum in Vellore, South India. Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III).Results: The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with a 94%, 91% and 87% follow-up at 6, 24 and 36 months respectively. Child development domains of cognition, language, motor and social skills showed a significant decline in scores between 6 and 36 months of age. Cognition change was maximum augmented by higher socio-economic status (SES) and nurturing home environment while stunting had the maximum negative impact. Higher maternal cognition, higher SES, and caregiver responsivity positively contributed to language change over time, while higher maternal depression contributed negatively. An enriching home environment, growth parameters and blood iron status had high association with change in motor skills.Conclusions: A triple intervention plan to enhance home environment and nurturance, maternal education and well-being, and early childhood nutrition supplementation might prevent child developmental decline in high risk settings.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with SARS-CoV-2–Associated Acute Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luyt Charles-Edouard , Sahnoun Tarek , Gautier Melchior , Vidal Pauline , Burrel Sonia , Chambrun Marc Pineton de , Chommeloux Juliette , Desnos Cyrielle , Arzoine Jeremy , Nieszkowska Ania , Bréchot Nicolas , Schmidt Matthieu , Hekimian Guillaume , Boutolleau David , Robert Jérôme , Combes Alain , Chastre Jean 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Data on incidence, clinical presentation and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) are limited.Methods. Case series of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a single ICU in France. All consecutive patients requiring MV with RT-PCR–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 12th and April 24th, 2020 were included. Frequency, clinical characteristics, responsible pathogens and outcomes of VAP were assessed, and compared to an historical cohort of patients with severe influenza-associated pneumonia requiring MV admitted to the same ICU during the preceding three winter seasons.Results: Among 54 consecutive patients with Covid-19–associated acute respiratory failure requiring MV included (median (IQR) age 48 (42-58) years; 74% male; 93% requiring venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), 46 (85%) developed VAP (median (IQR) MV duration before the first episode, 11 (8-16) days). VAP-causative pathogens were predominantly Enterobacteriaceae (72%), particularly inducible AmpC-cephalosporinase producers (41%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%). VAP recurred in 46 (85%) patients and 17 (31%) died. Most recurrences were relapses (ie, infection with the same pathogen), with a high percentage occurring on adequate antimicrobial treatment. Despite a high P. aeruginosa-VAP rate in patients with influenza-associated ARDS, the pulmonary infection recurrence rate was significantly lower than in Covid-19 patients. Overall mortality was similar for the two groups.Conclusions: Patients with severe Covid-19–associated acute respiratory failure requiring MV had a very high late-onset VAP rate. Inducible AmpC-cephalosporinase–producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently caused VAP, with multiple recurrences and difficulties eradicating the pathogen from the lung.
Anticancer Effects of miR-124 Delivered by BM-MSC Derived Exosomes on Cell Proliferation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, and Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Xu Yan , Wei Yuhua , Liu Nanbin , Zhou Deren , Lin Rui , Wang Xiuyan , Shi Baomin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the roles of miR-124 in pancreatic tumor and potential vehicles. Methods: The expression of miR-124 and EZH2 was determined in both pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-124 or EZH2 was overexpressed in AsPC-1 and PANC1 cells. Then, the effects on cell viability. apoptosis, invasion, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition were evaluated. Afterwards, the roles of miR-124 on the expression and function of EZH2 in pancreatic tumors were determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Subsequently, miR-124 was transfected to bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), and the BM-MSCs derived exosomes were isolated and co-cultured with AsPC-1 and PANC1 cells, or injected into pancreatic cancer tumor-bearing mice. Results: The miR-124 expression levels decreased in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and cancer cell lines AsPC-1, PANC1, BxPC-3 and SW1990. Furthermore, the elevated expression of miR-124 in AsPC-1 and PANC1 via miR-124 mimic transfection-induced apoptosis, metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transition was suppressed, and the EZH2 overexpression partly reversed the protective effects of miR-124 against pancreatic tumors. In addition, the expression of miR-124 was detected in exosomes extracted from miR-124-transfected BM-MSCs, and these exosomes delivered miR-124 into pancreatic cancer cells, and presented the anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: MiR-124-carried BM-MSC-derived exosomes have potential applications for the treatment of pancreatic tumors.
The Predictive Value of D-Dimer and DPR for in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Deng Ping-ji , Xie Ming-shui , Ke Zun-qiong , Qiao Bin , Ying Bin-wu , Xi Xue-yan , Yuan Leyong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of D-dimer and D-dimer to platelet ratio (DPR) on admission in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2020 to February 15, 2020. The baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were collected.Results: 264 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 52 died during hospitalization and 212 were discharged from the hospital. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the area under curve (AUC) of D-dimer was 0.818 with a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 78.3%, and the AUC of DPR was 0.847 with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 75.5% for the prediction of in-hospital mortality on admission. Patients with higher D-dimer or DPR levels were associated with higher mortality risk, compared to those who lower levels. The multivariable Cox regression indicated that in-hospital mortality was associated with age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.034, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.011-1.058, P=0.003), gender (HR 0.553, 95% CI 0.313-0.976; P=0.041), coronary heart disease (HR 2.315, 95% CI 1.276-4.200; P=0.006), elevated D-dimer (HR 6.111, 95% CI 3.095-12.068; P<0.001), and elevated DPR (HR 7.158, 95% CI 3.633-14.101; P<0.001). Conclusions: DPR levels seem to be slightly better at predicting mortality than D-dimer, and elevated D-dimer and DPR can both be considered independent risk factors of the death in COVID-19 patients.
Nomogram for predicting survival in advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery
Authors: Chen Yonghe , Liu Dan , Xiao Jian , Xiang Jun , Liu Aihong , Chen Shi , Liu Junjie , Hu Xiansheng , Peng Junsheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with subsequent radical surgery has become a popular treatment modality for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) worldwide. However, the survival benefit is still controversial, and prognostic factors remain undetermined.
AIM
To identify clinical parameters that are associated with the survival of AGC patients after NAC and radical surgery and to establish a nomogram integrating multiple factors to predict survival.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical profiles of 215 AGC patients who received NAC and radical resection, and clinical parameters concerning NAC, surgery, pathological findings, and adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed using a Cox regression model to determine their impact on survival. Based on these factors, a nomogram was developed and validated.
RESULTS
The overall 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 85.8% and 55.6%, respectively. Younger age (< 60 years old), increased examined lymph nodes (exLNs), successful R0 resection, achievement of pathological complete response (pCR), and acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy were positive predictors of survival. The concordance statistic of the established nomogram was 0.785. The model showed an ideal calibration following internal bootstrap validation.
CONCLUSION
A nomogram predicting survival after NAC and surgery was established. Since this nomogram exhibited satisfactory and stable predictive power, it can be inferred that this it is a practical tool for predicting AGC patient survival after NAC and radical surgery.
Outcomes and safety of concomitant topiramate or metformin for antipsychotics-induced obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Congjie , Shi Wenjie , Xu Jianyang , Huang Chengbing , Zhu Jiannan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough some data exist describing the use of topiramate in patients with antipsychotic-induced obesity, direct comparision with metformin is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of concomitant topiramate on antipsychotic-induced obesity and compare with metformin.Methods62 stabilized outpatients with antipsychotic-induced obesity were randomized to 16-week treatment group of topiramate or metformin. The patients’ weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio and side effects were assessed and compared. Intention-to-treat and completer analyses were performed. Meanwhile, Covariance analysis was conducted to control the impact of the significant difference in BMI when comparison between the two groups.ResultsTwo groups had comparable characteristics though the difference in baseline BMI was significant. Intention-to-treat analyses: The random missing values were replaced using the last observation carried forward method when intention-to-treat analyses. Compared with the baseline, the weight, BMI and waist-hip ratio with topiramate markedly decreased at each follow-up, whereas, only waist-hip ratio with metformin significantly decreased at 4-week. Compared with metformin,only weight and BMI with topiramate significantly decreased at 4-week, and all weight, BMI and waist-hip ratio at week 8–16 also remarkably declined. Completer analyses: Compared with the baseline, the weight, BMI and waist-hip ratio with topiramate at week 4–16 markedly decreased, whereas, only waist-hip ratio with metformin significantly decreased at 4-week. Compared with metformin, all BMI with topiramate markedly decreased at week 4–16, moreover weigh and waist-hip ratio also notably lowered at 8-week. No significant differences in adverse events were found between the two groups.ConclusionsTopiramate, similar to metformin in reducing obesity as previously reported, also significantly reduced body weight, BMI and waist-hip ratio in patients with antipsychotic-induced obesity and demonstrated well tolerance in psychiatric patients.The trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn, and the number was ChiCTR-IPR-17013122.
Controlled Fracture of Medial Wall Versus Structural Autograft With Bulk Femoral Head to Increase Cup Coverage by Host Bone for Total Hip Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia of Hip: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mou Ping , Liao Kai , Chen Hui-Lin , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Many methods have been proposed to increase cup coverage by host bone during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in hip osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). However, there was no study comparing results of controlled fracture of medial wall with structural autograft with bulk femoral head. Methods: 67 hips classified as Crowe II/III were retrospectively included in this cohort study, which consisted of 33 controlled fracture (group A) and 34 structural autograft (group B). The Harris Hip Scores (HHS) was recorded. The radiological assessments were analyzed. Also, complications are assessed. The paired sample t test was used for data analysis before and after operation, while independent sample T test was used for the comparison between the two groups.Results: All patients were reconstructed acetabulum at anatomical location. HHS increased greatly for both groups (P=0.18). No statistic difference was observed for two groups in postoperative leg-length discrepancy ((0.51±0.29) cm for group A and (0.46±0.39) cm for group B, P=0.64 ), postoperative height of hip center ((2.25±0.42) cm for group A and (2.09±0.31) cm for group B, P=0.13), inclination of cup ((39±4)°for group A and (38±3)°for group B, P=0.65 ). The rate of cup coverage for group B ((94±2)% ) was better than group A ((91±5)%), ( P=.009). Rate of cup protrusio was (48±4)% for group A. For both two groups, no complications were observed at the latest follow-up. Conclusion: Controlled fracture of medial wall to increase cup coverage by host bone at anatomical location can act as an alternative technique for DDH Crowe II/III with advantage of shorter operation time and less technically demanding.
Impact of Experiencing Specific Side-Effects on Contraceptive Switching and Discontinuation in Uganda: Results from a Longitudinal PMA Survey
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea A , Sarnak Dana , Karp Celia , Wood Shannon , Ahmed Saifuddin , Makumbi Fredrick , Kibira Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is substantial evidence that contraceptive side effects are a major deterrent to consistent use of contraception but few studies in low- or middle-income countries explore the role that specific side-effects, rather than the general category of “side-effects and health concerns”, have on contraceptive dynamics. This study used population-based, longitudinal data to explore the effect that specific side-effects had on contraceptive continuation, discontinuation, and switching in Uganda. Methods Data for this study come from two rounds of PMA2020 data collection in Uganda PMA2020 Uganda’s sixth cross-sectional survey and a follow-up survey conducted one year later. The main outcomes of interest were discontinuation and switching among modern users of hormonal contraceptive methods at baseline (n=550). Multivariable multinomial logistic regressions assessed the association of reporting experiencing specific side effects (more bleeding, less bleeding, irregular bleeding, changes to sexual experience, and physical discomfort) with discontinuation and switching one year later, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, type of method, and length of use.Results One-third of hormonal contraceptive users reported experiencing side-effects at baseline. Reporting more bleeding increased the risk of discontinuation by 2.39 times (95% CI: 0.01-4.72). Experiencing irregular bleeding decreased the risk of switching by a factor of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.17-0.93). Changes to sexual experience or physical discomfort were both associated with increased relative risk of switching; reporting a change to sexual experience increased the relative risk of switching by a factor of 3.10 (95% CI : 0.97-9.10) and physical discomfort increased the relative risk by a factor of 1.75 (95% CI: 0.95-3.24). Wealth was significantly negatively associated with discontinuation while education was marginally significantly and positively associated with switching. Conclusions Greater attention should be paid to understanding the unique contributions of side effects to contraceptive behavior using population-based data. Not all side effects are associated with contraceptive discontinuation and switching, despite the experience of side effects being common. The experience of physical discomfort and changes to sexual experience, largely ignored in other research, were shown to affect use. Providing greater individualized care that includes information about common side effects and how they may impact daily life is necessary.
Pre-HAART CD4+ T-Lymphocytes as Biomarkers of Post-HAART Immune Recovery in HIV-TB Co-Infected Children
Authors: Ghebremichael Musie , Gopalakrishnan Vivek , Bose Eliezer , Nair Usha , Cheng Yuwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dramatically increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Several studies have indicated that co-infection with TB increases the risk of HIV progression and death. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of these dual epidemics, with about 2.4 million HIV-infected people living with TB. The main objective of our study was to assess whether the pre-HAART CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts and percentages could serve as biomarkers for post-HAART treatment immune-recovery in HIV-positive children with and without TB co-infection.
Methods
The data analyzed in this retrospective study were collected from a cohort of 305 HIV-infected children being treated with HAART. A Lehmann family of ROC curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance of pre- HAART treatment CD4 + T-lymphocyte count and percentage as biomarkers for post-HAART immune recovery. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to compare differences in post-HAART recovery times between patients with and without TB co-infection.
Results
We found that the diagnostic performance of both pre-HARRT treatment CD4 + T-lymphocyte count and percentage was comparable and achieved accuracies as high as 74%. Furthermore, the predictive capability of pre-HAART CD4 + T-lymphocyte count and percentage were slightly better in TB-negative patients. Our analyses also indicate that TB-negative patients have a shorter recovery time compared to the TB-positive patients.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the detection and treatment of TB is essential for the effectiveness of HAART in HIV-infected pediatric patients.
Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation
Authors: Oliwa Jacquie Narotso , Nzinga Jacinta , Masini Enos , Hensbroek Michaël Boele van , Jones Caroline , English Mike , Hoog Anja van't 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya and the National Tuberculosis programme conducts several trainings on them yearly. By 2018, there were 183 Xpert® machines in Kenyan public hospitals. Despite these efforts, diagnostic tests are underused and there is observed under detection of tuberculosis in children. We describe the process of designing a contextually appropriate, theory-informed intervention to improve case detection of TB in children and implementation guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel.
Molecular Characterization and Serodiagnostic Potential of Two Serpin Proteins in Psoroptes Ovis
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Chen Yuhang , Zhang Chongyang , Xie Yue , Shen Nengxing , Wang Ce , Zhou Xuan , Yang Guangyou , He Ran , Peng Xuerong , Yang Deying , He Zhi , Zhong Zhijun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Psoroptes ovis a common ectoparasite of wild and domestic animals, leads to cutaneous inflammation, extreme pruritus, scaly lesions, and causes an economically devastating loss of animal husbandry and animal welfare issues. Serine proteinase inhibitor (Serpin) is present in almost all organisms that are involved in host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory responses, and reproductive development, etc. However, the research on P. ovis serpins is still limited.Methods: In this study, two serpins of P. ovis (PsoSP1 and PsoSP2) were cloned, and the molecular characterization was analyzed by bioinformatics. The transcriptional profiles and tissue localization of PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 in P. ovis were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The potential function of recombinant PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 (rPsoSP1 and rPsoSP2) in the serodiagnosis of P. ovis infestation in rabbits were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Results: Both of the 523 residue PsoSP1 and the 240 residue PsoSP2 proteins contained typical serpin domains and signatures. Both PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 expressed throughout the life cycle, more specifically, significantly higher expression in female mites than the larva, nymph, and male mites (p < 0.001). The native PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 proteins localized in ovary and mouthpart of adult female mites, respectively. Compared to rPsoSP2, the rPsoSP1 displayed better diagnostic efficiency with higher values of sensitivity, specificity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) than rPsoSP1 by iELISA (rPsoSP1 - rPsoSP2: 96.0% - 90.0%; 90.91% - 78.18%; 0.988 - 0.964, respectively). Moreover, the rPsoSP1 showed seropositive in 80% rabbits as early as the 2nd week post-infestation (p.i.), prior to visible clinical signs and microscopy-positive of skin scrapings. Conclusions: These results suggested that these two serpins may play essential roles in reproductive development, blood-feeding, and pathogenicity of P. ovis. Compared to PsoSP2, PsoSP1 appeared as a potential antigen for serodiagnosis of P. ovis infestation in rabbits, especially at the early stage of infestation.
Cardiac metastases from primary myxoid liposarcoma of the thigh: A case report
Authors: Ikuta Kunihiro , Sakai Tomohisa , Koike Hiroshi , Okada Tohru , Imagama Siro , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Myxoid liposarcoma is well known to have an unusual proclivity for extrapulmonary metastasis. However, cardiac metastasis of myxoid liposarcoma is very rare, even in patients with advanced disease. Case presentation: A 40-year-old man was diagnosed with myxoid liposarcoma of the right thigh and treated with wide resection. Two years after the surgery, a low-density area in the left ventricle was found on follow-up chest computed tomography, which was suspected of being metastatic disease. He underwent surgical treatment, and the lesion was pathologically confirmed as metastasis of myxoid liposarcoma. Fifteen months later, he complained of slight dyspnea and developed metastatic disease in the right atrium. He was treated with surgical excision for the disease, followed by radiotherapy. Although there has been no recurrence in the heart since the second cardiac metastasectomy, multiple metastases have occurred in the abdominal cavity, lungs, and muscles. He finally died of the disease at two years after the second cardiac metastasectomy. Conclusion: We experienced a case of primary myxoid liposarcoma in the thigh, accompanied by ectopic and metachronous cardiac metastases. Despite its dismal prognosis, surgical excision occasionally offers a chance to prolong survival in patients with no evidence of widespread metastases.