bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Teledentistry in Antimicrobial Prescribing and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Dar-Odeh Najla , Babkair Hamzah , Alnazzawi Ahmad , Abu-Hammad Shaden , Abu-Hammad Abdalla , Abu-Hammad Osama 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to analyze Jordanian dentists’ inquiries on oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing using dental professional WhatsApp groups during coronavirus disease lockdown period.
Materials and Methods Three professional WhatsApp groups of Jordanian dentists were reviewed and analyzed for inquiries posted during the period from January to May 2020. Inquiries were sent from patients to their dentists who posted these inquiries to the professional WhatsApp dental groups for consultation and professional advice. All queries regarding oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing were extracted and analyzed.
Results Three WhatsApp professional groups with a total numbers of members of 750 dentists who posted queries about their patients were included in this study. Dentist members posted queries about their patients to these professional WhatsApp groups. There was a total of 32 inquiries regarding oral lesions and 11 consultations regarding prescribing and dental management of medically compromised patients giving a total of 43 consultations. Among which there were 19 inquiries on oral infections and 9 inquiries on antimicrobial prescribing giving a total of 28 consultations. Most common inquiries were on bacterial infections (localized dentoalveolar abscess, pericoronitis, cellulitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue), viral herpetic infections, and Candida infections (erythematous and pseudomembranous candidiasis).
Conclusions Many dental practitioners cannot distinguish the correct diagnostic features of oral infections particularly viral and fungal infections. Continuing education should be considered to focus on clinical manifestations of various oral infections. Further, educational activities that focus on variations in treatment protocols for various infections should be introduced particularly those that concern indications for antimicrobial prescribing.
Improving Outcomes in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Donor-Site Reconstruction Using Propeller Flaps: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Skin Grafting
Authors: Pagliara Domenico , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Vitagliano Stefano , Pino Valentina , Salgarello Marzia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background After anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap harvesting, skin graft of the donor site is commonly performed. When the defect width exceeds 8 cm or 16% of thigh circumference, it can determine lower limb function impairment and poor aesthetic outcomes. In our comparative study, we assessed the functional and aesthetic outcomes related to ALT donor-site closure with split-thickness skin graft compared with thigh propeller flap.
Methods We enrolled 60 patients with ALT flap donor sites. We considered two groups of ALT donor-site reconstructions: graft group (30 patients) with split-thickness skin graft and flap group (30 patients) with local perforator-based propeller flap. We assessed for each patient the range of motion (ROM) at the hip and knee, tension, numbness, paresthesia, tactile sensitivity, and gait. Regarding the impact on daily life activities, patients completed the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) questionnaire. Patient satisfaction for aesthetic outcome was obtained with a 5-point Likert scale (from very poor to excellent).
Results In the propeller flap group, the ROMs of hip and knee and the LEFS score were significantly higher. At 12-month follow-up, in the graft group, 23 patients reported tension, 19 numbness, 16 paresthesia, 22 reduction of tactile sensitivity, and 5 alteration of gait versus only 5 patients experienced paresthesia and 7 reduction of tactile sensitivity in the propeller flap group. The satisfaction for aesthetic outcome was significantly higher in the propeller flap group.
Conclusion In high-tension ALT donor-site closure, the propeller perforator flap should always be considered to avoid split-thickness skin graft with related functional and aesthetic poor results.
A synthetic mimic of phosphodiesterase type 5 based on corona phase molecular recognition of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dong Juyao , Lee Michael A. , Rajan Ananth Govind , Rahaman Imon , Sun Jessica H. , Park Minkyung , Salem Daniel P. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
There are pressing needs for synthetic molecular recognition techniques to augment and expand those derived from natural sources, which are widely employed for biomedical research. Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe), whereby the adsorbed phase around a nanoparticle exhibits selective binding to an analyte, can address this need, but the underlying mechanisms remain an active scientific inquiry. Herein, we synthesize a series of corona phases around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and investigate the selective binding of poly(methacrylic acid-styrene) phases to an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. A systematic study reveals that synthetic CoPhMoRe mimics the H loop of native enzyme in its activity, resulting from the corona configuration and supramolecular interactions. This work uncovers molecular mechanisms of synthetic recognition that guide future discovery.
Theory of neuronal perturbome in cortical networks
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Clopath Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Brains are composed of networks of neurons that are highly interconnected. A central question in neuroscience is how such neuronal networks operate in tandem to make a functioning brain. To understand this, we need to study how neurons interact with each other in action, such as when viewing a visual scene or performing a motor task. One way to approach this question is by perturbing the activity of functioning neurons and measuring the resulting influence on other neurons. By using computational models of neuronal networks, we studied how this influence in visual networks depends on connectivity. Our results help to interpret contradictory results from previous experimental studies and explain how different connectivity patterns can enhance information processing during natural vision.
Plasmonic probing of the adhesion strength of single microbial cells
Authors: Liu Yi-Nan , Lv Zhen-Ting , Lv Wen-Li , Liu Xian-Wei 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Studying interfacial dynamics of a single biological entity (cell, virus, or organelle) is critical for understanding microbial biofilm formation processes, developing biosensors, and designing biomaterials. However, the ability to measure the binding force between a single biological entity and surface remains a great challenge due to the hydrated feature of biological entity. In this paper, we present an optical imaging method that is able to measure the adhesion strength of single microbial cells. Unlike the existing methods with limited throughput, this method determines the adhesion strength of multiple individual cells simultaneously. This approach has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the adhesion process at the microscopic scale and probe the biointerfaces.
Photon-level broadband spectroscopy and interferometry with two frequency combs
Authors: Picqué Nathalie , Hänsch Theodor W. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Dual-comb spectroscopy has emerged a powerful technique of Fourier transform spectroscopy without moving parts. Broad spectra can be acquired with a single photodetector in any spectral range where laser frequency combs are available. Because the technique is multiplex, systematic effects are minimized and a great consistency of the spectra can be achieved. We show that dual-comb spectroscopy can be implemented with photon-counting instrumentation and work at power levels one-billion-fold weaker than those usually employed. Our demonstration opens many scenarios for applications of this powerful spectroscopic technique.
Classifying heuristic textual practices in academic discourse
Authors: Becker Maria , Bender Michael , Müller Marcus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate how deep learning techniques can be applied to discourse pragmatics. As a testcase we analyse heuristic textual practices, defined as linguistic implementations of decision routines in research processes in academic discourse. We develop a complex annotation scheme of pragmalinguistic categories on different levels of granularity and manually annotate a corpus of texts across various scientific disciplines. This is the basis for training recurrent neural networks to classify heuristic textual practices. Our experiments show that the annotation categories are robust enough to be recognised by our models which learn similarities of the sentence-surfaces represented as word embeddings. Our study aims at an iterative human-in-the-loop process in which manual-hermeneutic and algorithmic procedures mutually advance the insight process. It underlines the fact that the interaction between manual and automated methods opens up a promising field for further research, allowing interpretative analyses of complex pragmatic phenomena in large corpora.
National construction and popular erasure in Colombia
Authors: Lobo Gregory Joseph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the diachronic symbolic struggle (1810–1991) waged in Colombia’s foundational documents over the
legitimation and delegitimation of social relations through the concepts “people” and “nation.” Following the introduction, the method and
theory are explained: concept analysis and language-based social ontology. The analysis of the foundational documents follows. These are
analysed as extended status function declarations that attempt to legitimate and delegitimate the concepts “people” and “nation”, in order
to authorize/deauthorize possible social relations. On the basis of the analysis, the conclusion briefly specifies the discourse of
nationism as the ontologisation and wielding of the idea of the nation against internal dissent/opposition, and points up the fundamental
importance of symbolic practice in the struggle to change social reality.
Interacting chiral electrons at the 2D Dirac points: a review
Authors: Hirata Michihiro , Kobayashi Akito , Berthier Claude , Kanoda Kazushi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The pseudo-relativistic chiral electrons in 2D graphene and 3D topological semimetals, known as the massless Dirac or Weyl fermions, constitute various intriguing issues in modern condensed-matter physics. In particular, the issues linked to the Coulomb interaction between the chiral electrons attract great attentions due to their unusual features, namely, the interaction is not screened and has a long-ranged property near the charge-neutrality point, in clear contrast to its screened and short-ranged properties in the conventional correlated materials. In graphene, this long-range interaction induces an anomalous logarithmic renormalization of the Fermi velocity, which causes a nonlinear reshaping of its Dirac cone. In addition, for strong interactions, it even leads to the predictions of an excitonic condensation with a spontaneous mass generation. The interaction, however, would seem to be not that large in graphene, so that the latter phenomenon appears to have not yet been observed. Contrastingly, the interaction is probably large in the pressurized organic material α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, where a 2D massless-Dirac-fermion phase emerges next to a correlated insulating phase. Therefore, an excellent testing ground would appear in this material for the studies of both the velocity renormalization and the mass generation, as well as for those of the short-range electronic correlations. In this review, we give an overview of the recent progress on the understanding of such interacting chiral electrons in 2D, by placing particular emphasis on the studies in graphene and α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. In the first half, we briefly summarize our current experimental and theoretical knowledge about the interaction effects in graphene, then turn attentions to the understanding in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, and highlight its relevance to and difference from graphene. The second half of this review focusses on the studies linked to the nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and the associated model calculations in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. These studies allow us to discuss the anisotropic reshaping of a tilted Dirac cone together with various electronic correlations, and the precursor excitonic dynamics growing prior to a condensation. We see these provide unique opportunities to resolve the momentum dependence of the spin excitations and fluctuations that are strongly influenced by the long-range interaction near the Dirac points.
Comparing nonlinear optomechanical coupling in membrane-in-the-middle and single-cavity systems
Authors: Burgwal Roel , Pino Javier del , Verhagen Ewold 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In cavity optomechanics, nonlinear interactions between an optical field and a mechanical resonator mode enable a variety of unique effects in classical and quantum measurement and information processing. Here, we describe nonlinear optomechanical coupling in the membrane-in-the-middle (MIM) system in a way that allows direct comparison to the intrinsic optomechanical nonlinearity in a standard, single-cavity optomechanical system. We find that the enhancement of nonlinear optomechanical coupling in the MIM system as predicted by Ludwig et al (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 063601) is limited to the degree of sideband resolution of the system. Moreover, we show that the selectivity of the MIM system of nonlinear over linear transduction has the same limit as in a single cavity system. These findings put constraints on the experiments in which it is advantageous to use an MIM system. We discuss dynamical backaction effects in this system and find that these effects per cavity photon are exactly as strong as in a single cavity system, while allowing for reduction of the required input power. We propose using the nonlinear enhancement and reduced input power in realistic MIM systems towards parametric squeezing and heralding of phonon pairs, and evaluate the limits to the magnitude of both effects.
Beta-band modulation in the human hippocampus during a conflict response task
Authors: Chen Kuang-Hsuan , Gogia Angad S , Tang Austin M , Del Campo-Vera Roberto Martin , Sebastian Rinu , Nune George , Wong Janeline , Liu Charles Y , Kellis Spencer , Lee Brian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective. Identify the role of beta-band (13–30 Hz) power modulation in the human hippocampus during conflict processing. Approach. We investigated changes in the spectral power of the beta band (13–30 Hz) as measured by depth electrode leads in the hippocampus during a modified Stroop task in six patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Previous work done with direct electrophysiological recordings in humans has shown hippocampal theta-band (3–8 Hz) modulation during conflict processing. Local field potentials sampled at 2 k Hz were used for analysis and a non-parametric cluster-permutation t-test was used to identify the time period and frequency ranges of significant power change during cue processing (i.e. post-stimulus, pre-response). Main results. In five of the six patients, we observe a statistically significant increase in hippocampal beta-band power during successful conflict processing in the incongruent trial condition (cluster-based correction for multiple comparisons, p < 0.05). There was no significant beta-band power change observed during the cue-processing period of the congruent condition in the hippocampus of these patients. Significance. The beta-power changes during conflict processing represented here are consistent with previous studies suggesting that the hippocampus plays a role in conflict processing, but it is the first time that the beta band has been shown to be involved in humans with direct electrophysiological evidence. We propose that beta-band modulation plays a role in successful conflict detection and automatic response inhibition in the human hippocampus as studied during a conflict response task.
Assessment of ITER divertor performance during early operation phases
Authors: Park Jae-Sun , Bonnin Xavier , Pitts Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
During the ITER design phase, the focus of ITER boundary plasma modeling activities has been on divertor performance under baseline H-mode, fusion power operation (FPO) conditions. However, early ITER operation will be primarily with hydrogen fuel in L-mode, in the pre-fusion power operation 1 (PFPO-1) phase. Here, the SOLPS-ITER code is used to evaluate divertor performance during this non-active phase. To verify the assumptions used in the existing high power simulation database, gas throughput scans were performed for two types of divertor surface material (beryllium and tungsten) and two gas puff locations (divertor and main chamber). The adoption of beryllium target surfaces simulates the effect of main chamber material erosion and migration and, along with main chamber gas injection, is the current default for the high power database. Depending on the divertor surface material, the atom to molecule ratio of the recycled neutral particles varies. This modifies the momentum and power loss mechanisms arising from plasma–neutral interactions. However, since the effect of atomic and molecular reactions are compensatory, the ‘total’ power and momentum losses are relatively insensitive to the target surface material. Similarly, the impact of gas puff location on divertor plasma parameters is not significant, though main chamber injection provides an additional ionization source in the upstream scrape-off layer (SOL) and leads to moderate changes in the upstream density and far SOL parameters. However, these effects can be neglected within the available range of the gas puff and pump rates in ITER. Since beryllium and tungsten are materials at both extremes in terms of surface reflection properties, the conclusions may be applicable to other divertor surface materials. An important additional finding of the study is that the insensitivity of upstream density to divertor neutral pressure found in the FPO database is also recovered in these PFPO-1 simulations.
Preface
Authors: Gibson Brad K. , Kulikov Igor , Chernykh Igor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The fields of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and plasma physics might appear esoteric at first glance, but dig a little deeper, and one realizes that many of the most fundamental challenges facing mankind are underpinned by these processes. Examples range from the design of controlled thermonuclear fusion reactors as an ecologically-friendly approach to renewable energy, to tornado and vortex generation from a climate science perspective, and all the way to understanding the origin of the chemical elements within the hearts of dying stars. The breadth of these applications, the algorithm development required to model such processes, and the associated Big Data analysis tools, are inexorably linked and contribute to the philosophy of this year’s MHD and Plasma Physics Workshop. Our goal in organizing the 3rd in this series of Workshops has been to provide opportunities for these apparently disparate communities to both highlight their recent developments and discuss the future of algorithm co-design optimized for accuracy, scalability, and efficiency. This year, we have all worked and lived with the daily threat of Covid19; the need for social distancing and relative isolation has impacted upon the familiar and fundamental nature of conferences. Regardless, such interactions are the lifeblood of our respective communities, and so we made the decision to proceed with the Workshop, bring participants together from around the world through a digital platform.
Direct fluid flow simulation at pore scale with regularized hydrodynamic equations
Authors: Vladislav Balashov , Evgeny Savenkov 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Laboratory analysis of rock samples (core material) is one of the main tools used in an analysis of oil and gas field development and methods to enhance oil recovery. A number of drawbacks are intrinsic to the laboratory techniques, among which we note the practical impossibility of carrying out parametric studies on one sample, the impossibility (and / or high cost) of taking into account reservoir conditions, and the impossibility of analyzing non-cemented rocks (sludge). With the development of computational capabilities and computed tomography methods, the “digital rock physics” technology, which consists in direct simulation of physical processes in a rock sample with resolved pore space geometry, is gaining popularity today. This technology complements the traditional laboratory studies and compensates for a number of their shortcomings. The presented work is devoted to the direct simulation of fluid flow within the scope of the digital rock physics. For simulation regularized (according to quasi-hydrodynamic technique) hydrodynamic equations are used. Both single-phase single-component flows and two-phase two-component flows, taking into account interfacial tension, are discussed. The results of simulations of fluid flows both in model domains and in domains corresponding to the pore space of real rocks are presented.
Optimized routines for event generators in QED-PIC codes
Authors: Volokitin V , Bastrakov S , Bashinov A , Efimenko E , Muraviev A , Gonoskov A , Meyerov I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the prospects of performing fundamental and applied studies at the next-generation high-intensity laser facilities have greatly stimulated the interest in performing large-scale simulations of laser interaction with matter with the account for quantum electrodynamics (QED) processes such as emission of high energy photons and decay of such photons into electron-positron pairs. These processes can be modelled via probabilistic routines that include frequent computation of synchrotron functions and can constitute significant computational demands within accordingly extended Particle-in-Cell (QED-PIC) algorithms. In this regard, the optimization of these routines is of great interest. In this paper, we propose and describe two modifications. First, we derive a more accurate upper-bound estimate for the rate of QED events and use it to arrange local sub-stepping of the global time step in a significantly more efficient way than done previously. Second, we present a new high-performance implementation of synchrotron functions. Our optimizations made it possible to speed up the computations by a factor of up to 13.7 depending on the problem. Our implementation is integrated into the PICADOR and Hi-Chi codes, the latter of which is distributed publicly (https://github.com/hi-chi/pyHiChi).
Numerical study of diamagnetic regime in open magnetic trap
Authors: Boronina M A , Dudnikova G I , Efimova A A , Genrikh E A , Vshivkov V A , Chernoshtanov I S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents a two-dimensional axially symmetric numerical model of a diamagnetic plasma confinement regime in a linear magnetic system as applied to laboratory experiments at the BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The model is based on the kinetic approximation for the ion components of the background plasma and the injected beam. The MHD approximation is used for the electron component, taking into account the mechanisms of energy dissipation due to conductivity and thermal conductivity. The particle-in-cell method is used to solve the Vlasov equation. The dependences of the magnetic field profile and plasma density on the current of the ion beam and its energy are found.