bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESC‐sEVs Rejuvenate Senescent Hippocampal NSCs by Activating Lysosomes to Improve Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Hu Guowen , Xia Yuguo , Zhang Juntao , Chen Yu , Yuan Ji , Niu Xin , Zhao Bizeng , Li Qing , Wang Yang , Deng Zhifeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVascular dementia (VD) is one of the most common types of dementia, however, the intrinsic mechanism is unclear and there is still lack of effective medications. In this study, the VD rats exhibit a progressive cognitive impairment, as well as a time‐related increasing in hippocampal neural stem cells (H‐NSCs) senescence, lost and neurogenesis decline. Then, embryonic stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (ESC‐sEVs) are intravenously injected into VD rats. ESC‐sEVs treatment significantly alleviates H‐NSCs senescence, recovers compromised proliferation and neuron differentiation capacity, and reverses cognitive impairment. By microarray analysis and RT‐qPCR it is identified that several miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐29a‐3p, and let‐7a‐5p, that can inhibit mTORC1 activation, exist in ESC‐sEVs. ESC‐sEVs rejuvenate H‐NSCs senescence partly by transferring these miRNAs to inhibit mTORC1 activation, promote transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation and lysosome resumption. Taken together, these data indicate that H‐NSCs senescence cause cell depletion, neurogenesis reduction, and cognitive impairment in VD. ESC‐sEVs treatment ameliorates H‐NSCs senescence by inhibiting mTORC1 activation, and promoting TFEB nuclear translocation and lysosome resumption, thereby reversing senescence‐related neurogenesis dysfunction and cognitive impairment in VD. The application of ESC‐sEVs may be a novel cell‐free therapeutic tool for patients with VD, as well as other aging‐related diseases.
Germline Polymorphisms and Length of Survival of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Exome‐Wide Association Study in Multiple Cohorts
Authors: Guo Yun‐Miao , Chen Jie‐Rong , Feng Yan‐Chun , Chua Melvin L. K. , Zeng Yanni , Hui Edwin Pun , Chan Allen K. C. , Tang Lin‐Quan , Wang Lin , Cui Qian , Han Hui‐Qiong , Luo Chun‐Ling , Lin Guo‐Wang , Liang Yan , Liu Yang , He Zhong‐Lian , Liu Yu‐Xiang , Wei Pan‐Pan , Liu Chu‐Jun , Peng Wan , Han Bo‐Wei , Zuo Xiao‐Yu , Ong Enya H. W. , Yeo Eugenia L. L. , Low Kar Perng , Tan Gek San , Lim Tony K. H. , Hwang Jacqueline S. G. , Li Bo , Feng Qi‐Sheng , Xia Xiaojun , Xia Yun‐Fei , Ko Josephine , Dai Wei , Lung Maria L. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Lo Dennis Y. M. , Zeng Mu‐Sheng , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Liu Jianjun , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Bei Jin‐Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGermline polymorphisms are linked with differential survival outcomes in cancers but are not well studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, a two‐phase association study is conducted to discover germline polymorphisms that are associated with the prognosis of NPC. The discovery phase includes two consecutive hospital cohorts of patients with NPC from Southern China. Exome‐wide genotypes at 246 173 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are determined, followed by survival analysis for each SNP under Cox proportional hazard regression model. Candidate SNP is replicated in another two independent cohorts from Southern China and Singapore. Meta‐analysis of all samples (n = 5553) confirms that the presence of rs1131636‐T, located in the 3′‐UTR of RPA1, confers an inferior overall survival (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20–1.47, P = 6.31 × 10−8). Bioinformatics and biological assays show that rs1131636 has regulatory effects on upstream RPA1. Functional studies further demonstrate that RPA1 promotes the growth, invasion, migration, and radioresistance of NPC cells. Additionally, miR‐1253 is identified as a suppressor for RPA1 expression, likely through regulation of its binding affinity to rs1131636 locus. Collectively, these findings provide a promising biomarker aiding in stratifying patients with poor survival, as well as a potential drug target for NPC.
Codoped Holey Graphene Aerogel by Selective Etching for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhao Jin , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Chen Jianyu , Zhang Wenli , Yuan Du , Chua Rodney , Alshareef Husam N. , Ma Yanwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pursuit of more efficient carbon‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) prepared from facile and economical methods is a very important endeavor. Based on the crystallinity difference within carbon materials, herein, a low‐temperature selective burning method is developed for preparing oxygen and nitrogen codoped holey graphene aerogel as additive‐free anode for SIBs. By selective burning of a mixture of graphene and low‐crystallinity carbon at 450 °C in air, an elastic porous graphene monolith with abundant holes on graphene sheets and optimized crystallinity is obtained. These structural characteristics lead to an additive‐free electrode with fast charge (ions and electrons) transfer and more abundant Na+ storage active sites. Moreover, the heteroatom oxygen/nitrogen doping favors large interlayer distance for rapid Na+ insertion/extraction and provides more active sites for high capacitive contribution. The optimized sample exhibits superior sodium‐ion storage capability, i.e., high specific capacity (446 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), ultrahigh rate capability (189 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long cycle life (81.0% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1). This facile and economic strategy might be extended to fabricating other superior carbon‐based energy storage materials.
Cocrystallization‐Induced Spontaneous Deracemization: A General Thermodynamic Approach to Deracemization
Authors: Guillot Michael , de Meester Joséphine , Huynen Sarah , Collard Laurent , Robeyns Koen , Riant Olivier , Leyssens Tom 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProcesses leading to enantiomerically pure compounds are of utmost importance, in particular for the pharmaceutical industry. Starting from a racemic mixture, crystallization‐induced diastereomeric transformation allows in theory for 100 % transformation of the desired enantiomer. However, this method has the inherent limiting requirement for the organic compound to form a salt. Herein, this limitation is lifted by introducing cocrystallization in the context of thermodynamic deracemization, with the process applied to a model chiral fungicide. We report a new general single thermodynamic deracemization process based on cocrystallization for the deracemization of (R,S)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)pentan‐3‐one. This study demonstrates the feasibility of this novel approach and paves the way to further development of such processes.
Electroactive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Emitters for Self‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Jin Zhongchao , Zhu Xiaorong , Wang Ningning , Li Yafei , Ju Huangxian , Lei Jianping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have limited applications in electrochemistry owing to their poor conductivity. Now, an electroactive MOF (E‐MOF) is designed as a highly crystallized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter in aqueous medium. The E‐MOF contains mixed ligands of hydroquinone and phenanthroline as oxidative and reductive couples, respectively. E‐MOFs demonstrate excellent performance with surface state model in both co‐reactant and annihilation ECL in aqueous medium. Compared with the individual components, E‐MOFs significantly improve the ECL emission due to the framework structure. The self‐enhanced ECL emission with high stability is realized by the accumulation of MOF cation radicals via pre‐reduction electrolysis. The self‐enhanced mechanism is theoretically identified by DFT. The mixed‐ligand E‐MOFs provide a proof of concept using molecular crystalline materials as new ECL emitters for fundamental mechanism studies.
Interplay of Electronic and Steric Effects to Yield Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation at Metal Single Sites in Defect‐Engineered HKUST‐1
Authors: Wang Weijia , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Chandresh Abhinav , Nefedov Alexei , Heißler Stefan , Heinke Lars , Studt Felix , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn contrast to catalytically active metal single atoms deposited on oxide nanoparticles, the crystalline nature of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) allows for a thorough characterization of reaction mechanisms. Using defect‐free HKUST‐1 MOF thin films, we demonstrate that Cu+/Cu2+ dimer defects, created in a controlled fashion by reducing the pristine Cu2+/Cu2+ pairs of the intact framework, account for the high catalytic activity in low‐temperature CO oxidation. Combining advanced IR spectroscopy and density functional theory we propose a new reaction mechanism where the key intermediate is an uncharged O2 species, weakly bound to Cu+/Cu2+. Our results reveal a complex interplay between electronic and steric effects at defect sites in MOFs and provide important guidelines for tailoring and exploiting the catalytic activity of single metal atom sites.
Side‐On Bonded Beryllium Dinitrogen Complexes
Authors: Deng Guohai , Pan Sudip , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe preparation and spectroscopic identification of the complexes NNBe(η2‐N2) and (NN)2Be(η2‐N2) and the energetically higher lying isomers Be(NN)2and Be(NN)3are reported. NNBe(η2‐N2) and (NN)2Be(η2‐N2) are the first examples of covalently side‐on bonded N2adducts of a main‐group element. The analysis of the electronic structure using modern methods of quantum chemistry suggests that NNBe(η2‐N2) and (NN)2Be(η2‐N2) should be classified as π complexes rather than metalladiazirines.
A novel method combining species distribution models, remote sensing, and field surveys for detecting and mapping subtidal seagrass meadows
Authors: Beca‐Carretero Pedro , Varela Sara , Stengel Dagmar B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Seagrasses such as Zostera marina L. play a key role in coastal ecosystems because of the ecological goods and services that they provide, enhancing biodiversity, productivity and carbon sequestration. Despite their ecological relevance, their distribution is, to date, insufficiently documented and it is estimated that only one‐quarter of their global extent is mapped.
This study aims to develop a new method to accurately detect and map subtidal seagrass meadows, using Irish seagrass populations as a case study. This method consists of four steps: (i) the development of a species distribution model (SDM); (ii) the use of satellite‐derived images to visually appraise the potential presence and extent of seagrass beds; (iii) field surveys to validate the presence or absence of the seagrass; and finally (iv) the construction of an up‐to‐date detailed map of the seagrass distribution for the region under investigation.
Results indicate that along the Irish coast, and in western regions in particular, the actual distribution of seagrass is considerably greater than is currently reported. Using the proposed method, 16 new regions occupied by seagrass in areas of interest in County Galway (Kilkieran Bay, Bertraghboy Bay, and Chasla Bay) were identified, accounting for a total of 267.92 ha, which increased the previously documented distribution in this area by 44.74%.
In this study, we demonstrate the potential of this novel method to efficiently identify and map undocumented subtidal seagrass meadows. As seagrass habitats are under threat globally, the development of new mapping strategies is a critical contribution to current international efforts in seagrass monitoring and management.
Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Photoisomerization Dynamics Mechanism for the UV Photoprotection of Stilbenoids in Grape Skin
Authors: Shi Yanan , Zhao Xiaoying , Wang Chao , Wang Ye , Zhang Song , Li Peng , Feng Xia , Jin Bing , Yuan Minghu , Cui Shen , Sun Yan , Zhang Bing , Sun Shuqing , Jin Xiaoning , Wang Haiyuan , Zhao Guangjiu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatural UV photoprotection plays a vital role in physiological protection. It has been reported that UVC radiation can make resveratrol (RSV) and piceatannol (PIC) accumulate in grape skin. In this work, we demonstrated that RSV and PIC could significantly absorb UVA and UVB, and confirmed their satisfactory photostability. Furthermore, we clarified the UV photoprotection mechanism of typical stilbenoids of RSV and PIC for the first time by using combined femtosecond transient absorption (FTA) spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. RSV and PIC can be photoexcited to the excited state after UVA and UVB absorption. Subsequently, the photoisomerized RSV and PIC quickly relax to the ground state via nonadiabatic transition from the S1 state at a conical intersection (CI) position between potential energy surfaces (PESs) of S1 and S0 states. This ultrafast trans‐cis photoisomerization will take place within a few tens of picoseconds. As a result, the UV energy absorbed by RSV and PIC could be dissipated by an ultrafast nonadiabatic photoisomerization process.
Decreasing postoperative opioid use while managing pain: A prospective study of men who underwent scrotal surgery
Authors: Greer Aubrey B. , Ramos Libert , Dubin Justin M. , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare postoperative pain control among men who received different quantities of narcotic prescriptions following scrotal surgery. We hypothesized that men receiving eight vs four pills of acetaminophen 300 mg/codeine 30 mg there would be no significant difference in mean pain following scrotal and inguinal surgery.Patients and methodsIn this prospective, open‐label study, men who underwent scrotal surgery received eight or four acetaminophen 300 mg/codeine 30 mg pills. Men were encouraged to take scheduled non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), apply ice on the incision, and take acetaminophen 300 mg/codeine 30 mg as needed for breakthrough pain. Men were evaluated within 1‐2 weeks after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Stata/IC 15.1.ResultsA total of eighty‐seven men met inclusion criteria, fifty‐four men received eight acetaminophen/codeine pills, and thirty‐three men received four pills. There was no significant difference in mean pain score (0‐10) of men receiving eight pills vs four pills in the week after surgery (3.6 ± 1.9 vs 3.3 ± 1.8, P = .5004). Of men who used NSAIDs and ice, 93.5% and 92.3% found them to be moderately or very helpful.ConclusionReducing the total prescription of combined narcotic/non‐narcotic medication is not associated with increased postoperative pain in patients undergoing scrotal/inguinal surgery. There was no difference in postoperative pain in men taking eight or four acetaminophen 300 mg/codeine 30 mg pills. A limited prescription of eight or four pills was adequate for pain control in the majority of men who underwent scrotal surgery. NSAIDs and ice were found to be useful adjuncts for pain relief by those who used them.
Dynamic prediction of time to a clinical event with sparse and irregularly measured longitudinal biomarkers
Authors: Zhu Yayuan , Huang Xuelin , Li Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn clinical research and practice, landmark models are commonly used to predict the risk of an adverse future event, using patients' longitudinal biomarker data as predictors. However, these data are often observable only at intermittent visits, making their measurement times irregularly spaced and unsynchronized across different subjects. This poses challenges to conducting dynamic prediction at any post‐baseline time. A simple solution is the last‐value‐carry‐forward method, but this may result in bias for the risk model estimation and prediction. Another option is to jointly model the longitudinal and survival processes with a shared random effects model. However, when dealing with multiple biomarkers, this approach often results in high‐dimensional integrals without a closed‐form solution, and thus the computational burden limits its software development and practical use. In this article, we propose to process the longitudinal data by functional principal component analysis techniques, and then use the processed information as predictors in a class of flexible linear transformation models to predict the distribution of residual time‐to‐event occurrence. The measurement schemes for multiple biomarkers are allowed to be different within subject and across subjects. Dynamic prediction can be performed in a real‐time fashion. The advantages of our proposed method are demonstrated by simulation studies. We apply our approach to the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, predicting patients' risk of kidney failure or death by using four important longitudinal biomarkers for renal functions.
miR‐21‐3p regulates AGE/RAGE signalling and improves diabetic atherosclerosis
Authors: Shao Mingzhe , Yu Muyu , Zhao Jun , Mei Jiacai , Pan Ye , Zhang Jian , Wu Haisheng , Yu Min , Liu Fang , Chen Guangming 
Published: March 2020

To explore the effects of miR‐21‐3p on diabetic atherosclerosis. Using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we also detected the levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts RAGE (sRAGE) in the cellular supernatant of vascular endothelial cells after transfecting them with adenovirus vector having miR‐21‐3p mimic or inhibitor. We found decrease in the expression levels of miR‐21‐3p in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) induced by high‐concentration glucose. We also observed that the introduction of miR‐21‐3p mimic significantly increased the expression of ADAM10 in the VECs. Similarly, significantly higher levels of sRAGE were found in the cultured supernatant after administration of miR‐21‐3p mimic in human vein endothelial cells. The production of reactive oxygen species and expression of inflammatory cytokines in VECs induced by LPS and high‐concentration glucose were significantly decreased after administration of miR‐21‐3p. in vivo studies revealed that intravenous injection of miR‐21‐3p at regular intervals would reduce the area of atherosclerotic lesion and elevate the serum levels of sRAGE in atherosclerotic diabetic mice. miR‐21‐3p may be beneficial in diabetic atherosclerosis by promoting the cleaved form of sRAGE and inhibition of RAGE/NADPH oxidase signalling depending on the increased expression of ADAM10.Significance of the StudyWe identified a novel microRNA, miR‐21‐3p, which is characteristically at elevated levels in serum derived from diabetic patients and responsible for target degradation of ADAM10 mRNA. Further, we show that miR‐21‐3p aggravates the atherosclerotic lesion via dysfunction of the ectodomain shedding of molecular binding RAGE in the diabetic atherosclerotic mice.
Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation on the Probability of Primary Nucleation of L‐Arginine Hydrochloride
Authors: Ike Yuki , Hirasawa Izumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost of the amino acids that are utilized as medical raw materials and food additives show polymorphism. To improve the functionality of amino acid crystals, an effective method of polymorph control is required in the crystallization process. Here, primary nucleation of L‐arginine hydrochloride by ultrasonication was investigated. L‐Arginine hydrochloride exhibits polymorphism, and it crystallizes into three distinct crystal forms. A cooling crystallization experiment was performed, and nucleation of each polymorph upon ultrasonication was observed. In addition, the nucleation was analyzed using the nucleation probability theory. The results indicate that ultrasonic irradiation would significantly induce the nucleation of a particular polymorph.
The diagnostic utility of next‐generation sequencing on FNA biopsies of melanocytic uveal lesions
Authors: Han Lucy M. , Khanafshar Elham , Afshar Armin R. , Calkins Sarah M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundUveal melanoma is highly aggressive, and overall prognosis depends on mutation status. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) play an important role in obtaining fresh tissue for cytologic diagnosis and molecular studies. It has been suggested that, although FNAB usually provides high diagnostic accuracy, there may be limited cellularity, which may compromise diagnostic potential for molecular studies. FNABs of uveal melanocytic lesions were evaluated to assess sample adequacy for both cytologic evaluation and next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsThe authors retrospectively evaluated 36 cases of melanocytic uveal lesions from 2015 to 2018. Samples were obtained by ophthalmologist‐performed FNAB and aliquoted for cytology and NGS. Various combinations of direct smears, liquid‐based cytology slides, cell blocks, and immunohistochemical stains for melanocytic markers were performed. All samples were tested for molecular alterations using hybrid‐capture–based NGS.ResultsThere was sufficient material for cytologic diagnosis in 33 of 36 cases (92%), for NGS testing in 30 of 36 cases (83%), and for both cytologic diagnosis and NGS testing in 28 of 36 cases (78%). Of 7 cases that were cytologically categorized as indeterminate or diagnosed as “atypical” or “nondiagnostic,” NGS testing was sufficient and diagnostic for melanoma in 5 cases. Of the cases diagnosed as melanoma on pathology, 20 cases (87%) had concordant NGS testing results, 2 lacked molecular alterations, and 1 was insufficient for testing.ConclusionsFNA sampling of melanocytic uveal lesions is adequate for both cytologic diagnosis and NGS testing. In a subset of cases in which pathologic findings were indeterminate, NGS testing results were clarifying for diagnosis. In addition, specific molecular alterations identified can aid in evaluating prognosis and guide further management.
Levocetirizine Oral Disintegrating Tablet: A Randomized Open‐Label Crossover Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Japanese Volunteers
Authors: Ino Hiroko , Shiramoto Masanari , Eto Takashi , Haranaka Miwa , Irie Shin , Terao Takumi , Ogura Hirofumi , Wakamatsu Akira , Hoyano Keiko , Nakano Atsushi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLevocetirizine is classified as a second‐generation antihistamine. Levocetirizine is available for the treatment of allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. This was a single‐center, single‐dose, open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover study in healthy Japanese male subjects consisting of 2 parts. Part 1 compared the bioavailability of levocetirizine oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) and levocetirizine immediate‐release tablet (IRT) taken with water in the fasted state in 24 subjects; all subjects completed this part of the trial. In part 2, the bioavailability of levocetirizine ODT without water was compared with that of levocetirizine IRT with water in the fasted state in 48 subjects; 47 subjects completed this part of the trial. Bioequivalence was demonstrated between levocetirizine IRT 5 mg and ODT 5 mg. The safety profiles were generally similar between levocetirizine ODT and levocetirizine IRT, with no serious adverse events, deaths, or adverse events leading to withdrawal reported during the study.