bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Läxhjälp as Shadow Education in Sweden: The Logic of Equality in “A School for All”
Authors: Forsberg Eva , Hallsén Stina , Karlsson Marie , Bowden Helen Melander , Mikhaylova Tatiana , Svahn Johanna 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Taking läxhjälp/homework support in Sweden as a case, this article aims to further explore shadow education, especially as a pedagogical object from curriculum theory perspective. Design/Approach/Methods: Approaches including policy analyses, ethnomethodological work based on video-recorded interaction, and narratives have produced empirically grounded knowledge. We use examples from several substudies and analyze the reentry and regulation of supplementary education and how tutors and tutees interact in tutoring settings and negotiate identities in läxhjälp as well as the relation to regular schooling. Findings: Läxhjälp is conditioned by the logic of equality and changes in the governance of läxhjälp. The proliferation of different kinds of tutoring practices provided by various organizations calls for a broad definition of shadow education. With curriculum as boundary object, equality and academic success are foundational. Different settings and spatiotemporal arrangements affect modes of interaction, distribution of epistemic authority, and negotiations of identities. Originality/Value: With Sweden as a case, it is possible to explore shadow education in a new context, the Scandinavian welfare state, and its history of comprehensive education. Moreover, ethnomethodological interaction and narrative studies and curriculum perspectives are seldom employed within research on shadow education. A number of critical key boundary objects are identified.
Bi-directional association between depression and HF: An electronic health records-based cohort study
Authors: Bobo William V , Ryu Euijung , Petterson Tanya M , Lackore Kandace , Cheng Yijing , Liu Hongfang , Suarez Laura , Preisig Martin , Cooper Leslie T , Roger Veronique L , Pathak Jyotishman , Chamberlain Alanna M 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine whether a bi-directional relationship exists between depression and HF within a single population of individuals receiving primary care services, using longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs). Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized EHRs for adults who received primary care services within a large healthcare system in 2006. Validated EHR-based algorithms identified 10,649 people with depression (depression cohort) and 5,911 people with HF (HF cohort) between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2018. Each person with depression or HF was matched 1:1 with an unaffected referent on age, sex, and outpatient service use. Each cohort (with their matched referents) was followed up electronically to identify newly diagnosed HF (in the depression cohort) and depression (in the HF cohort) that occurred after the index diagnosis of depression or HF, respectively. The risks of these outcomes were compared (vs. referents) using marginal Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for 16 comorbid chronic conditions. Results: 2,024 occurrences of newly diagnosed HF were observed in the depression cohort and 944 occurrences of newly diagnosed depression were observed in the HF cohort over approximately 4–6 years of follow-up. People with depression had significantly increased risk for developing newly diagnosed HF (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.89–2.28) and people with HF had a significantly increased risk of newly diagnosed depression (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17–1.54) after adjusting for all 16 comorbid chronic conditions. Conclusion: These results provide evidence of a bi-directional relationship between depression and HF independently of age, sex, and multimorbidity from chronic illnesses.
Epignathi Teratoma Co-Existing with Tongue Choristoma and Cleft Palate in a Neonate: Report of a Rare Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , Bukar Abba Zarami , Wapada Samuel , Olasoji Hector , Pindiga Hamidu Umaru 
Published: December 2020

Background: Oral epignathus teratoma is an extremely rare neoplasm that occurs exclusively in neonates. The tumor can grow to a large size obstructing airways and it may prevent fusion of the nasal septum with the palatine processes, which may result in cleft palate formation. The rare tumor may also co-exist with other congenital malformations such as hamartoma and choristoma causing airway obstruction and death. Case report: We present a case of a one-day-old male neonate who presented with oral mass associated with difficulty in breathing and inability to suck breast milk. Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple masses involving the alveolar, palate, and tongue along with cleft palate. Emergency surgery was done to relieve the airway and histology confirmed epignathi teratoma with tongue choristoma. Conclusion: Epignathus teratoma is a rare condition that requires prenatal prompt diagnosis. However, in countries with underprivileged hospital facilities, early surgical intervention during the neonatal period is what is required to save the patient from airway obstruction. Association of the tumor with midline anomalies is mostly the norms, however, 5% of cases with malignant transformation have been reported and the tumor is commonly associated with endodermal sinus tumor. Therefore long term follow-up of patients with serum tumor markers is highly recommended.
Changes in cannabis use according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Knaappila Noora , Marttunen Mauri , Fröjd Sari , Lindberg Nina , Kaltiala Riittakerttu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite reduced sanctions and more permissive attitudes toward cannabis use in the USA and Europe, the prevalences of adolescent cannabis use have remained rather stable in the twenty-first century. However, whether trends in adolescent cannabis use differ between socioeconomic groups is not known. The aim of this study was to examine trends in cannabis use according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015.

Methods
A population-based school survey was conducted biennially among 14–16-year-old Finns between 2000 and 2015 (n = 761,278). Distributions for any and frequent cannabis use over time according to socioeconomic adversities were calculated using crosstabs and chi-square test. Associations between any and frequent cannabis use, time, and socioeconomic adversities were studied using binomial logistic regression results shown by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
At the overall level, the prevalences of lifetime and frequent cannabis use varied only slightly between 2000 and 2015. Cannabis use was associated with socioeconomic adversities (parental unemployment in the past year, low parental education, and not living with both parents). The differences in any and frequent cannabis use between socioeconomic groups increased significantly over the study period.

Conclusions
Although the overall changes in the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use were modest, cannabis use increased markedly among adolescents with the most socioeconomic adversities. Socioeconomic adversities should be considered in the prevention of adolescent cannabis use.
Ortodontistler arasında dijital model kullanımının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AY ÜNÜVAR Yazgı , GEÇGELEN CESUR Mine , BİLGİÇ ZORTUK Fundagül 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu anket çalışmasının amacı ülkemizde özel klinik, üniversite ya da devlet kurumunda çalışan ortodonti doktoru/uzmanı ve uzmanlık/doktora öğrencilerinin dijital ortodontik model kullanım yaygınlığını, bilgilerini ve tecrübelerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Türkiye'de çalışan 740 ortodonti uzmanı, doktora ve uzmanlık öğrencisine 20 sorudan oluşan bir anket gönderilmiştir. Mail yoluyla ve kongre, sempozyum ve toplantılarda 388 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Anket, demografik özellikler ve klinik özellikleri, dijital modele yönelik tutumları ve dijital model ile ilgili bölümlerden oluşmaktadır. Bulgular: 388 anketten elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Yanıt verenlerin yaş ortalaması 30 yıldır (dağılım: 23-55 yıl). Tüm prosedürler için 204 ortodontist (% 52.6) dijital modeli tercih etmiş, % 19.6'sı seminerlerden dijital model hakkında bilgi sahibi olduklarını bildirmiştir. Dijital modellerin kullanımında en sık belirtilen nedenler model kaybının ve model hasarının olmaması (% 44.8), ardından dijital görüntü üzerinde ölçüm yapabilmesidir (% 31.4). 300 ortodontist (% 77.3) dijital model hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinme isteğindedir. Sonuç: Verilerimiz dijital modelin ortodontistler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanıldığını göstermektedir; ortodontik tanı için dijital model tercihi, daha büyük teknik yetkinlik ile orantılı olarak artacaktır.
The prognostic accuracy of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, quick sequential organ failure assessment and sequential organ failure assessment scores in estimating the 28 day in-hospital mortality
Authors: Dorasanamma Malli , Nagireddi Nikhil , Bathyala Keerthana 
Published: December 2020

Background: Sepsis is among the leading causes of death in the world. 31.5 million cases of sepsis and 19.4 million cases of septic shock have been the annual global incidence. The collaborative efforts have improved the outcomes, yet the in-hospital mortality rates remain high. This study is undertaken to ascertain the prognostic accuracy of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores in estimating the in-hospital mortality.Methods: A prospective observational study was done from the department of general medicine and intensive care units from December 2017 to September 2019. A total of 50 Sepsis patients were selected for the study. The patients have been monitored for 28 days. Data regarding demographics, illness severity, organ dysfunction, length of stay and outcome (for 28 days) of the patients are noted.Results: The SOFA score with AUROC of 0.82, had the best discrimination in predicting mortality.Conclusions: SOFA has better prognostic accuracy than SIRS and qSOFA in predicting mortality. As ICU mortality is high in this group and care should be resource-intensive due to increased length of stay.
Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Street-Vended Kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Lukman D.W. , Sari D.Y. , Pisestyani H. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Kebab is one of the popular ready-to-eat foods in Indonesia and sold as a street food. The purpose of this study was to determine occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in street-vended kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia.
Methods: Totally, 43 samples of kebab meat were collected from street food kebab vendors. Examinations on Total Plate Count (TPC), and total E. coli using Most Probable Number (MPN) method were referred to the Indonesia National Standard. The antibiotic resistance test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: The mean of TPC in kebab samples was 5.3 log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g. Based on TPC, 13 out of 43 (30.2%) of kebab samples did not comply with the Indonesia National Standard with maximum acceptable level of 5 log10 CFU/g. E. coli was identified in 5 out of 43 samples (11.6%) with mean of 39.2 MPN/g ranged from 7.4 to 150 MPN/g which were higher than standard level (0.5 log10 CFU/g). Four out of 5 E. coli isolated from kebab samples were resistant to gentamycin. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and chloramphenicol.
Conclusion: The occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli in ready-to-eat kebab in this area of Indonesia could cause the health problem in consumers. The local government should conduct the monitoring and surveillance on the occurrence of pathogens and the antibiotic resistance in food chain.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of mecA Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Iranian Hamburger Samples
Authors: Momtaz Bokharaei N. , Soltan Dallal M.M. , Pourmand M.R. , Rajabi Z. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Among the bacteria that cause food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus strains in Iranian hamburgers, analysis of their antibiotic resistance pattern, and molecular detection of mecA gene in isolated strains.
Methods: A total of 100 Iranian handmade (traditional) and packaged (factory-made) hamburger samples were investigated for the existence of S. aureus. The pattern of antibiotic resistance and the presence of mecA genes were investigated by disk diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 24.
Results: The prevalence of S. aureus isolated in handmade hamburgers was significantly (p=0.008) higher than packaged ones. Most of 39 isolated S. aureus strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (31 isolate), chloramphenicol (27 isolate), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37 isolate). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin G followed by oxacillin and tetracycline. All isolates were found susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. Six S. aureus isolates which were evaluated for methicillin-resistance, contained the mecA gene.
Conclusion: The high presence of the S. aureus in Iranian hamburgers and the remarkable antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for policies which enforce hygienic practices within the food industry and fast food outlets.
Compliance, empresas y corrupción: una mirada internacional
Authors: Sanclemente-Arciniegas Javier 
Published: December 2020

El presente texto plantea una reflexión sobre la noción jurídica de compliance y la manera en la que involucra a las empresas en la lucha contra la corrupción. Esta configura una nueva tendencia regulatoria mundial que proporciona herramientas útiles para abordar diferentes campos jurídicos, de allí que algunos autores la consideren una nueva rama del derecho. La noción se articula en torno a una nueva concepción de las empresas que tiende a comprometerlas efectivamente con la protección de bienes jurídicamente relevantes. Esos postulados son especialmente pertinentes en materia de lucha contra la corrupción. En ese ámbito, se manifiesta con claridad la intención de erigir al poder económico privado como un agente al servicio de la protección del interés general. Para ello se analiza, de una parte, el movimiento legislativo común en el nivel internacional, identificando normas adoptadas por diferentes Estados en el mundo con el fin de involucrar a las compañías en la lucha contra la corrupción. De otro lado, se exponen los dispositivos normativos e institucionales implementados por las empresas con miras a atender esas obligaciones. Allí destacamos la forma en la que, al atender el riesgo de incumplimiento normativo, las compañías añaden la protección de intereses de toda la sociedad a su tradicional objetivo de obtención de beneficios particulares.
An Ensemble Based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification System
Authors: Deka Alpana , Mahanta Lipi B 
Published: December 2020

In the field of security and forgery prevention, handwritten signatures are the most widely recognized biometric since long and also most practical. Although handwritten signature verification systems are studied using both On-line and Off-line approaches, Off-line signature verification systems are more difficult to compare to On-line verification systems. This is due to the lack of dynamic information, viz. a database which constantly stores the latest signature of the person. In the paper an approach using ensemble methods are adopted to classify a signature as forgery or not. In proposed system, three classifiers, viz, one unsupervised, viz. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and two supervised classifiers, viz. Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used as base classifiers. An attempt is made to compare the different approaches. We attempt both the categories of classification not only because both of them are applicable in this particular case but also with an objective of finding out which performs better. In most cases it is observed that Naive Bayes and Ensemble are comparable as they exhibit better performance than the other two. But among them, in most of the cases Ensemble classifier performs better than the Naive Bayes and consequently we have taken the Ensemble as a final classifier.
Tectonochemistry of the Brooks Range Ophiolite, Alaska
Authors: Biasi Joseph , Asimow Paul , Harris Ronald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present new whole-rock geochemical data from the Brooks Range ophiolite (BRO) together with new mineral chemistry data from the BRO, South Sandwich forearc, Izu-Bonin forearc, and Hess Deep. The analyses reveal that the Brooks Range ophiolite (BRO) was most likely created in a forearc setting. We show that this tectonic classification requires the Brookian orogeny to begin at ~163-169 Ma. The middle-Jurassic BRO contains abundant gabbros and other intrusive rocks that are geochemically similar to lithologies found in other forearc settings. Based on major, minor, and trace element geochemistry, we conclude that the BRO has clear signals of a subduction-related origin. High-precision olivine data from the BRO have a forearc signature, with possible geochemical input from a nearby arc. The Koyukuk terrane lies to the south of the Brooks Range; previous studies have concluded that the BRO is the forearc remnant of this arc-related terrane. These studies also conclude that collision between the Koyukuk Arc and the Arctic Alaska continental margin marks the beginning of the Brookian orogeny. Since the BRO is a forearc ophiolite, the collision between the Koyukuk Arc and the continental margin must have coincided with obduction of the BRO. Previously determined 40Ar/39Ar ages from the BRO’s metamorphic sole yield an obduction age of 163-169 Ma. Since the same collisional event that obducts the BRO also is responsible for the Brookian orogeny, we conclude that the BRO’s obduction age of ~163-169 Ma marks the beginning of this orogenic event.
Facile and Green Synthesis of Clean Porous Pd/2D-material Nanocomposites with Improved Catalytic Properties in 4-nitrophenol Reduction Reaction - The First Part
Authors: Ke Kai , Liu Haiyang , Chen Xin , Wang Lingling , Fang Jiali , Wu Yulian , Wang Chuanzhen , Li Chang , Yang Xiaoxiang 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The development of environment-friendly and cost-effective palladium(
Pd) based nanocomposite is of high interest for catalytic applications.

Objective and Methods:
In this paper, a porous Pd/two-dimensional-material (graphene oxide
(GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) nanocomposite was synthesized with a green and facile
method, without adding any additional reductant, surfactant and special solvent.

Results:
The catalytic activity of the Pd/rGO composite was investigated using the 4-nitrophenol
(4-NP) reduction reaction in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The results showed that
the Pd/rGO nanocomposite not only exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the pure porous
Pd catalyst but also showed a very good catalytic stability due to the less Pd aggregation and increased
local 4-NP concentration arose from rGO bonding attraction. Besides, the Pd-rGO nanocomposite
showed a kapp value of 0.383 min-1, which was 13 times higher than the pure Pd
(0.0292 min-1), as well as a reliable 4-NP conversion rate of over 97%.

Conclusion:
This study may provide a route for green-design and synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst
composites with lower cost and better performance.
Менеджмент хронической постпроцедурной боли в стоматологии
Authors: Mazur I.P. , Khaitovich M.V. 
Published: December 2020

Проведен поиск в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library. Хирургические вмешательства в стоматологии (пульпэктомия или удаление зуба) могут вызывать формирование не только острой постпроцедурной, но и хронической нейропатической (в частности, фантомной) зубной боли. Устойчивая боль после успешного эндодонтического лечения возникает в 3–7 % случаев. Нейропатическая боль — одно из самых тяжелых хронических состояний. Клинический паттерн данной боли характеризуется многообразием ощущений пациента, сложностями при проведении диагностики и дифференциальной диагностики. Механизм формирования хронической боли обусловлен тем, что периферическая сенситизация приводит к высвобождению воспалительных медиаторов в ответ на травму и повреждение ткани. В результате сенситизируются или активируются ноцирецепторы и индуцируется нейрональная эктопическая активность с поврежденного нерва. Патологические периферические раздражители до поступления в кору головного мозга модулируются в центральной нервной системе. Повторная стимуляция приводит к увеличению активности нейронов второго порядка в спинном мозге и чрезмерной активации NMDA-рецепторов, что вызывает центральную сенсибилизацию и усиленную реакцию на раздражители. Доказано, что хронизации боли способствуют повторные вмешательства, особенности личности (катастрофизация, генетическая предрасположенность) и осложненный анамнез стоматологических вмешательств. Для предупреждения перехода острой процедурной боли в хроническую важно провести соответствующую подготовку пациента. Среди средств, которые минимизируют риск пролонгирования боли, — кеторолак трометамол, рацемическая смесь S- и R-энантиомерных форм. S-энантиомер — быстродействующее и потентное обезболивающее средство. Пациенту группы риска его целесообразно начать применять за несколько часов до оперативного вмешательства, а в дальнейшем — по требованию не более 4 раз в сутки в течение не более 5 суток. В случае развития фантомной зубной боли лечение предусматривает использование трициклических антидепрессантов (амитриптилин) в малых дозах на ночь, противосудорожных препаратов (габапентин и т.д.), поведенческих подходов (когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, зеркальная терапия), дозированной физической нагрузки.
The Land Deterioration in the Lower Volga Region
Authors:   Volgograd State Agricultural University, Pleskachev Yuriy , Kostin Maxim ,   Institute of Forest Science of the RAS
Published: December 2020

Цель. В статье рассматривается проблема усиления деградационных процессов распаханных территорий. Материал и методы. Для установления связи урожайности зерновых культур с различными свойствами почвы был выделен участок пашни в системе лощинно-ложбинного водосбора. На экспериментальном участке с уклоном до 1,50 % при тахометрической съемке были зафиксированы 30 точек. Отбор и анализ почвенных образцов проведен по стандартным методикам. Результаты. Из анализа коэффициентов корреляции двух переменных величин следует, что между урожайностью ячменя и содержанием эрозионноопасных частиц (мелкозема) существует средняя обратная связь (r1 = – 0,52). Слабая прямая связь определена между урожайностью и значением рН, легкогидролизуемым азотом: r2 = 0,52 и r3 = 0,16 соответственно. Выводы. На основании экспериментальных исследований и обобщения литературных источников определены критерии агроэкологической оценки пахотных земель Волгоградской области. В качестве диагностического признака предлагается использовать степень окультуренности пахотных почв и обеспеченность их общим гумусом. Лучшим интегральным показателем для Нижнего Поволжья, который отражает плодородие почвы, является урожайность зерновых культур.