bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two fatty acid synthase genes from the integument contribute to cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticle permeability in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Yang Y. , Zhao X. , Niu N. , Zhao Y. , Liu W. , Moussian B. , Zhang J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLipids of the insect cuticle have important roles in resistance against the arid environment and invasion of foreign substances. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an important enzyme of the insect lipid synthesis pathway. In the present study, we identified three FAS genes from transcriptome data of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, based on bioinformatics analyses. Among them, two FAS genes (LmFAS1 and LmFAS3) are highly expressed in the integument of fifth instar nymphs. Suppression of LmFAS1 and LmFAS3 by RNA interference caused lethality during ecdysis or shortly after moulting. The weight of the locusts and the content of lipid droplets were reduced compared with those of the control. The results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that knockdown of LmFAS3 led to a decrease of both cuticular hydrocarbons and inner hydrocarbons (CHCs and IHCs) contents, especially the content of methyl branched hydrocarbons. By contrast, knockdown of LmFAS1 only resulted in a decrease in the IHC content, but not that of CHCs. By consequence, in LmFAS1‐ and LmFAS3‐suppressed locusts, hydrocarbon deficiency reduced desiccation resistance and enhanced cuticle permeability and sensitivity to insecticides. These results indicate that LmFAS1 and LmFAS3 are essential for hydrocarbon production and cuticle permeability, which play influential roles in waterproofing the insect cuticle.
Migratory cues controlling B‐lymphocyte trafficking in human lymph nodes
Authors: Park Saem Mul , Brooks Anna ES , Chen Chun‐Jen J , Sheppard Hilary M , Loef Evert Jan , McIntosh Julie D , Angel Catherine E , Mansell Claudia J , Bartlett Adam , Cebon Jonathan , Birch Nigel P , Dunbar P Rod 
Published: August 2020

AbstractB‐cell migration within lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial to adaptive immune responses. Chemotactic gradients are proposed to drive migration of B cells into follicles, followed by their relocation to specific zones of the follicle during activation, and ultimately egress. However, the molecular drivers of these processes and the cells generating chemotactic signals that affect B cells in human LNs are not well understood. We used immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and functional assays to study molecular mechanisms of B‐cell migration within human LNs, and found subtle but important differences to previous murine models. In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13‐low environment. These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. We also identify CD68+CD11c+PU.1+ tingible body macrophages within both primary and secondary follicles as likely drivers of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) gradient that mediates B‐cell egress from LNs, through their expression of the S1P‐degrading enzyme, S1P lyase. Based on our findings, we present a model of B‐cell migration within human LNs, which has both similarities and interesting differences to that proposed for mice.
Effect of the pyrolysis atmosphere on the mechanical properties of polymer‐derived SiOC and SiCN
Authors: Sorarù Gian Domenico , Tavonatti Consuelo , Kundanati Lakshminath , Pugno Nicola , Biesuz Mattia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMechanical properties of polymer‐derived ceramics are usually measured on samples pyrolyzed in inert atmosphere. Here, we report the hardness and elastic modulus of SiOC and SiCN pyrolyzed in both inert (Ar) and reactive (CO2) atmosphere. The external surface of the specimens exposed to the pyrolysis gas was characterized by Vickers microhardness measurements and infrared spectroscopy. The elastic modulus was evaluated by three‐point bending tests on thin (150‐200 µm) and dense specimens. Polished sections of the SiOC samples were prepared to study, by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and nanoindentation, how the elemental composition, hardness, and elastic modulus vary from the surface toward the bulk. For both compositions, pyrolysis in CO2leads to a strong decrease in the hardness and elastic modulus. The hardness of both the samples pyrolyzed in CO2approaches the typical value for fused silica, suggesting that CO2selectively breaks the Si–C and Si–N bonds and leads to the formation of a silica‐like network. EDXS and nanoindentation reveal that the modification induced by the CO2flow extends below the surface at least for a thickness of about 30 µm.
Inversion of quartz solid solutions at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Zandona Alessio , Helsch Gundula , Deubener Joachim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuartz solid solution crystals of six different compositions were obtained from crystallization of glass powders belonging to the Li2O–Al2O3‐SiO2 (LAS) system. They were analyzed in situ by laboratory‐based X‐ray diffraction down to cryogenic temperatures (−190°C). Temperature‐resolved analysis of their lattice parameters allowed determination of the critical inversion temperature Tc in these materials, marking the displacive phase transition from a high‐quartz‐ to a low‐quartz‐like lattice. Integrating available data from other literature sources, an updated phase diagram for the occurrence of high and low quartz solid solution phases is provided for the LAS system; these data are expected to support future development of functional materials relying on these crystalline phases.
The associations between noise annoyance and psychological distress with blood pressure in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN‐V Study
Authors: Badihian Negin , Riahi Roya , Qorbani Mostafa , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough blood pressure (BP) tracks from childhood to adulthood, and the prevalence of pediatric primary hypertension is increasing, related determinants are not well understood. The role of noise pollution and psychological distress in increasing BP is well documented in adults, but it remains elusive in children. This study aims to investigate the association of noise annoyance and psychological distress with BP in a pediatric population. This national cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2015 on a sample of 14400 Iranian students, aged 7‐18 years. Information regarding noise annoyance and psychological distress were assessed using questionnaires, and BP values were measured. Levels of noise annoyance and psychological distress were classified based on tertiles to no/low, moderate, and high. Data of 14274 students were completed. The mean age of participants was 12.28 (0.05), with 51% boys and 71.4% urban inhabitant. Diastolic BP and mean arterial BP (MAP) had positive correlations with noise annoyance (regression coefficient: 0.028, 95 % CI: 0.005 ‐ 0.05 and 0.025, 95 % CI: 0.002 – 0.04, respectively). Participants with higher psychological distress were 15 % more likely to experience abnormally high BP compared to those with normal psychological status or mild distresses (OR: 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.003 – 1.34). Here, we found significant positive relationships between the level of noise annoyance and values of diastolic BP and MAP. Moreover, high psychological distress showed to increase the chance of abnormally high BP. The clinical impact of these findings should be assessed in further longitudinal studies.
Poor sleep quality is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in treated hypertensive men
Authors: Oliveira‐Silva Laura , Peçanha Tiago , Fecchio Rafael Y. , Rezende Rafael A. , Abreu Andrea , Silva Giovânio , Mion‐Junior Décio , Cipolla‐Neto José , Forjaz Claudia L. M. , Brito Leandro C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypertensives present cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Reduction in sleep quality increases blood pressure (BP) and favors hypertension development. Previous studies suggested a relationship between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and sleep quality, but it is unclear whether this association is present in hypertensives. Thus, this study evaluated the relationship between sleep quality and cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensives. Forty‐seven middle‐aged hypertensive men under consistent anti‐hypertensive treatment were assessed for sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI—higher score means worse sleep quality). Additionally, their beat‐by‐beat BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by their variabilities. Mann‐Whitney and t tests were used to compare different sleep quality groups: poor (PSQI > 5, n = 24) vs good (PSQI ≤ 5, n = 23), and Spearman’s correlations to investigate associations between sleep quality and autonomic markers. Patients with poor sleep quality presented lower cardiac parasympathetic modulation (HR high‐frequency band = 26 ± 13 vs 36 ± 15 nu, P = .03; HR total variance = 951 ± 1373 vs 1608 ± 2272 ms2, P = .05) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (4.5 ± 2.3 vs 7.1 ± 3.7 ms/mm Hg, P = .01). Additionally, sleep quality score presented significant positive correlation with HR (r = +0.34, P = .02) and negative correlations with HR high‐frequency band (r = −0.34, P = .03), HR total variance (r = −0.35, P = .02), and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (r = −0.42, P = .01), showing that poor sleep quality is associated with higher HR and lower cardiac parasympathetic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. In conclusion, in treated hypertensive men, poor sleep quality is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
First steps towards biological control of the pear gall midge (Contarinia pyrivora) with the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum
Authors: Steinwender Bernhardt M. , Sigsgaard Lene , Jacobsen Stine K. , Eilenberg Jørgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGall midges are important pests in many crops. In fruit, they are difficult to control due to their life cycle, which takes place partially within the fruit. Here, we provide the first successful laboratory experiment to infect pear gall midge (Contarinia pyrivora) with the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum. We developed a procedure for sampling larvae, maintaining them in the laboratory and subjecting them to the fungus. We demonstrated that dipping larvae in a fungus suspension or adding a fungus suspension to the soil result in significant fungus induced mortality of the pear gall midge. An immune response in treated larvae was recorded proving that there was a real pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss next steps and a strategy for field experiments.
Use of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) Wastes for the Prevention of Fungal Disease (Saprolegnia parasitica) on Eggs of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Özçelik Halil , Taştan Yiğit , Terzi Ertugrul , Sönmez Adem Yavuz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to prevent fungal disease (Saprolegnia parasitica) that occurs on rainbow trout eggs (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by using wastes of onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) plants. For this purpose, fertilized rainbow trout eggs were exposed to garlic skin, garlic stem and onion skin aqueous methanolic extracts by bathing in concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/L, whereas the control group was left untreated. The larvae in all groups were monitored until they become free‐swimming larvae, the number of eggs died due to fungus was recorded, and the data obtained from experimental groups and control group were compared. As a result, it was determined that onion skin had no effect on the number of eggs that died due to fungus (p > .05), while garlic skin and garlic stem extracts significantly reduced the number of fungal infestations without affecting the number of live larvae or the embryological development of the eggs (p < .05). In light of these data, we conclude that garlic skin (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/L) and garlic stem (0.8 and 1.6 g/L) aqueous methanolic extracts are effective at preventing Saprolegnia parasitica infestation on rainbow trout eggs and may be used in aquaculture.
The Lebanese Heart Failure Snapshot: A National Presentation of Acute Heart Failure Admissions
Authors: Deek Hiba , Newton Phillip J. , Kabbani Samer , Hassouna Bassel , Macdonald Peter S. , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this prospective evaluation is to document in‐hospital management and discharge trends of patients presented for acute heart failure.DesignA prospective evaluation of the patients presented for heart failure exacerbation at eight sites over 1 month using the method of the New South Wales Heart Failure Snapshot.MethodsTrained personnel situated at each of the study sites recruited eligible patients to the study and collected data on their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, self‐care, frailty, and depression.FindingsEight sites, out of the 27 contacted, agreed to participate in this study. A total of 137 admissions were reported in the 1‐month time window. Mean age was 72 (SD = 13) years and the majority were female (52%). More than half (n = 60%) had heart failure reduced ejection fraction with a mean ejection fraction of 41%. The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score was four with hypertension (80%) and diabetes (56%) being the most frequent. The majority were frail (86%), self‐care mean scores were low; self‐care maintenance (29), self‐care management (48) and self‐care confidence (42). The mean depression score was 14 indicating major depression. In reference to international guidelines recommendations, hospital administered medications and discharge medications were suboptimal. Some items of the discharge education recommended by the international guidelines were provided to 84% of the patients but none of the patients received the complete items of the discharge education.ConclusionsThe snapshot revealed that patients admitted for acute heart failure were frail with high levels of illiteracy and low self‐care scores. Despite these findings, these patients were not provided with complete discharge education in reference to the international guidelines. Additionally, when provided, discharge education was inconsistent across the study sites. This study highlights the need for enlisting complete education as part of the discharge process, in addition to abidance to the guidelines in prescribing medication. The study draws major implications for nursing practice, research and policy.Clinical RelevanceLiteracy among patients with heart failure is low and should be addressed in educational intervention to improve outcomes.Discharge education is under practiced across the country and should be implemented in accordance with the international guidelines.
Assisting clients experiencing family violence: Clinician and client survey responses in a child and family health service
Authors: Withiel Toni D. , Allen Beverley , Evans Kirsty , Rudkin Nadine , Willis Karen , Hooker Leesa , Fisher Caroline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine the baseline levels of training, knowledge and confidence working in the area of family violence in staff at a public child and maternal health service in Melbourne, Australia, as well as perceived staff barriers to working effectively in this area. This study also aimed to explore the client perception of existing screening practices.BackgroundFamily violence is a global concern with pregnancy and the postnatal period times of particularly high risk. Child and maternal health services are well placed to screen for violence, yet clinician and client perceptions of screening remain poorly characterised.DesignThirty‐five staff and 15 mothers participated in this cross‐sectional, mixed‐method study, via an online survey. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) cross‐sectional guidelines were used.ResultsThe majority of staff screened clients for family violence, at least some of the time, with over 50% often or always screening. However, only half of staff respondents indicated that they believed they knew how to screen appropriately. Screening occurred most often over the phone or at the first service visit. The most commonly reported barriers to screening were suspected perpetrators being present during consultations and language barriers. Most clients reported being screened for physical violence and safety in the home with few being asking about financial and sexual abuse, or psychological violence and coercive control. Clients who disclosed violence reported being well supported.ConclusionWhile some baseline staff knowledge and skills have been identified, further support for clinicians is needed to ensure best practice and improve services and outcomes, particularly in regard to screening for different types of violence across the spectrum.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study helps to inform clinical screening practices in maternal health services through an exploration of facilitators and barriers in the screening process.
CD147 promotes proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells by inhibiting junctions between E‐cadherin and β‐catenin
Authors: Min Anjie , Xiong Haofeng , Wang Weiming , Hu Xin , Wang Can , Mao Ting , Yang Liudi , Huang Danni , Xia Kun , Su Tong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough association between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated, we found CD147, one transmembrane protein we previously studied in oral submucous fibrosis, was correlated with E‐cadherin, one marker of EMT. Here, we investigated CD147 expression in the different stages of OSCC and assessed its association with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).Materials and methodsCD147 and E‐cadherin expression in tissue microarrays containing 48 OSCC specimens and matched adjacent tissues was analysed using immunohistochemistry. CD147 was overexpressed or knocked down using exogenous cloning vector and RNA interference, respectively, in OSCC cell lines. Cell proliferation and migration were measured using the CCK8 assay and scratch test, respectively. The expression and localization of EMT‐associated proteins was analysed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.ResultsCD147 expression in OSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and was markedly higher in cancer tissues with metastasis (P < .05). CD147 expression showed significant negative correlation with E‐cadherin expression. CD147 overexpression downregulated E‐cadherin and inhibited its complex with β‐catenin and then upregulated N‐cadherin and vimentin. Additionally, alterations in CD147 protein expression affected proliferation and migration ability in OSCC cells and were related to β‐catenin nuclear translocation.ConclusionCD147 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis by promoting EMT progression in OSCC. It may be considered as a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for OSCC.
DNA methyltransferase expression is associated with cell proliferation in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Magno Guimarães Douglas , deLucas da Silva Almeida Fabio , Moraes Castilho Rogerio , Eduardo Nor Jaques , Daumas Nunes Fabio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present study investigated the correlation between the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B and the proliferation of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) using the molecular markers Ki‐67 and cyclin D1. This study also demonstrates the effects of 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (5AC) on the MEC tumor cell lines in relation to DNMT1 and DNMT3A expression, and cell‐cycle arrest.Materials and MethodsThe immunohistochemistry of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, Ki‐67, and cyclin D1 was analyzed in 40 samples of MEC and 15 samples of healthy minor salivary glands. The effects of 5AC on DNMT1 and DNMT3B expression in MEC cell lines were analyzed by Western blot, and the effects of 5AC on the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsThe expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3B was more intense in MECs than in healthy salivary glands. A strong correlation was found between the expression of the DNMTs and the proliferation markers. This correlation was validated In Vitro, where treatment with 5AC reduced the expression of the DNMTs and the percentage of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.ConclusionThe expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B is correlated significantly with the expression of Ki‐67 and cyclin D1. The treatment with 5AC reduces DNMT expression and decreases the percentage of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, while increasing the cells at the G0/G1 phase.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of six anthelmintics in sheep, goats, and cattle
Authors: Myers Michael J. , Howard Karyn D. , Kawalek Joseph C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was initiated to determine whether a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) approach could be used to expand the pool of approved anthelmintics for minor ruminant species. Accordingly, the PK profiles of six anthelmintics (levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, doramectin, and ivermectin) in sheep, goats, and cattle were determined. The PK values determined for each anthelmintic includedTmax,Tlast,Cmax, AUC, AUC/dose, andCmax/dose. The results of this study demonstrate that a comparative PK approach does not show commonality in the way these six anthelmintics are individually processed by these three ruminants. While some drugs demonstrated identical PK profiles between sheep and goats, none of these drugs demonstrated PK profiles in sheep and goats comparable to the PK profiles found in cattle. The results from this study suggest drug approval across these three ruminants is not a viable concept. However, the resulting PK profiles for each combination of drug and ruminant species represents a new dataset that can be used to support the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine's Minor Use/Minor Species indexing process for drug approvals in minor species such as sheep and goats.