bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Currency Depreciation and Emerging Market Corporate Distress
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Shin Hyun Song 
Published: October 2019

How do emerging market corporates fare during periods of currency depreciation? We find that nonfinancial firms that exploit favorable global financing conditions to issue U.S. dollar bonds and build cash balances are also those whose share price is most vulnerable to local currency depreciation. In particular, firms’ vulnerability to currency depreciation derives less from the foreign currency debt as such, and more from the cash balances that are built up by using foreign currency debt. Overall, our results point to a financial motive for dollar bond issuance by emerging market firms in carry trade–like transactions that leave them vulnerable in an environment of dollar strength.This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
The Spectrum of Gastroenteritis at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic,. Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera in 1982
Authors: Sebayang Taheng , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Bangun Tyahaya , Marbun Manihar D. , Sutanto A. H. 
Published: October 2019

The number of children attending the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, during 1982 was 15.375. Out of these, 1246 (8.1%) had gastroenteritis. Most of the patients (1046 or 83.94%) were under two years old. The male to female ratio was 1.6: I. The peak incidence for allendance was in January, April, and May.
Of 1057 patients under five years old, 383 (36.2%) also had malnutrition. The highest percentage (70. 75%) of those who had malnutrition was found in the I to 2 years age group. Of 370 patients whose Hb level was examined, 185 (50%) had anemia. The highest percentage (67.02%) was in the below 1 year group. Only 360 (28.8%) of gastroenteritis cases received oral rehydration solution. There were 23 (1.85%) cases in which diarrhea lasted longer than 7 days.
The number of patients admitted to the ward was 213 (17.07%), and the highest percentage was in the above 3 years age group. The largest number of hospitalized patients was in January (43), February (21), and April (28); while the highest percentage was in April (20.40%), June (21.42%) and August (31.42%). Peak rainfall in Medan during 1982 was in October, November, and December, i.e. much 322.2 mmm, 366.4 and 382 mm, respectively.
Nosocomial Infection Control in the Children's and Maternity Hospital ''Harapan Kita''. Early Warning System
Authors: Rasjid Aliamran , Yusuf H. A. M. , Soegondo Diwyo , Napitupulu Leonard 
Published: October 2019

In a children's and maternity hospital, where many high risk patients are hospitalized, a comprehensive but cheap surveillance system is of paramount importance for the improvement of hospital administration, formulation of hospital policy on antibiotic use and the nosocomial infection control programmes.
The epidemiological data were primarily collected in a comprehensive built-in monitoring and surveillance programmes of this hospital, and had been distributed throughout the hospital periodically. The collected data had been broken down into (1) summary of ten leading infectious cases of hospitalized patient by tentative and final diagnosis; (2) types of culture by ward; (3) number of culture by sex and age group; (4) types of bacteria by ward; and (5) types of bacteria by culture. The classification of wards is indirectly inherent to the social- strata of the patients. For the refinement of information, they were broken down into data on bed-occupancy by ward, and data on hospitalized patients by sex and age groups as well.
Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in children received multiple transfusions or blood products in the Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Matondang C. S. , Akib Arwin , Siregar Syawitri P. , Abdulsalam Maria , Latu Jeanne , Oesman Farida , Silman Erwin 
Published: October 2019

From March 1987 till February 1988, 350 serological examinations to HJV antibodies have been carried out. Sera were taken from children visiting the Department of. Child Health Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia I Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, who had received blood or blood products transfusions more than three times. All blood or blood products were made locally by the Jndonesian Red Cross in Jakarta, except for Human immunoglobulin and Koate.
The age ranged from 9 months Ia 22 years with a mean age of 8,02 years. They consisted of 207 males and 143 females; 33 patients with hemophilia, 250 patients with thalassemia, 41 patients with blood malignancy, and 26 patients with other diseases.
Sera were tested by a commercially available ELISA HIV assay produced by Abbott (macro ELISA) and Behring (micro ELISA). Repeatable positive sera were confirmed by Western blatt.
The majority of patients in this study got their first transfusion on more than 5 years ago with a high consumption of blood components, namely 16.252 units of packed red cells, 6111 units of cryoprecipitate, 537 units of thrombocyte suspension, 96 units of fresh frozen plasma, 35 units of human immunoglobulin, and 15 vials of Koate.
Two out of 350 sera were repeatable positive for HIV antibody but confirmatory test by Western blatt were negative. One sera was from a 17-year-o/d gM with thalassemia who had received 129 units of packed red cells transfusions since 1979, and the other was from a 2-year-o/d girl with chronic myelocytic leukemia who had received 24 units of packed red cells. The rest of the sera were negative.
This zero prevalence finding suggests that in Indonesia transfusion of blood or blood products still plays a limited role in the epidemic of AIDS in children.
Hydrocephalus
Authors: Siregar Hadi Soekma , Daulay Ridwan M. , Emsyah Lily , Saing Bistok 
Published: October 2019

A retrospective study had been done, to find out the incidence of hydrocephalus during 1984-1985 in the Pediatric Neurology Sub Division of the Child Health Department Medical Faculty University of North Sumatera/Pirngadi Hospital Medan.
The number, age groups, causes and treatment were reviewed. The cases consist of 17 children, 9 males (52,09%) and 8 females (47,01%). Most of the patients 12 (70,58%) were found in the age group of 1 year or less, and the others 5 (29,42%) in the age group of more than 1 year. The youngest was 1 year of age and the oldest 3 1/2 years. Six cases were caused by congenital abnormalities, 1 case by meningitis and in 10 cases the probable cause was unknown. Conservative treatment had been given to all cases.
Splenectomy in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura : A Clinical Experience
Authors: Zaeni Indro , Sukardi Sukardi , P. Bambang , T. Netty R. H. , Untario S. 
Published: October 2019

Since 1979 until 1987 there were 4 idiophatic 1hrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) cases who had undergone splenectomy, consisting of 2 males and 2 females. All patients had been treated with prednisone prior to splenectomy, 2 patients received additional cytostatics. The course of the disease prior to splenectomy had been followed in a period of time, varying from 2,5 to 8 years. The effect of treatment was not very statisfying, as both clinical and laboratory reccurrence often happened.
Post spelectomy, the administration of prednisone in 1 case was stopped immediately, in 2 cases it was stopped after 8 months and in 1 case it was continued. After more than 5 years follow up, 3 cases showed excellent clinical and laboratory findings, while I case failed.
Neonatal Tetanus in the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan in 1983-1984
Authors: Marbun Manihar D. , Arsyad Johnny , Lubis Munar , Hamid Endang D. , Lubis Chairuddin P. 
Published: October 2019

From January 1983 to December 1984 there had been prospective investigations of neonatal tetanus contracted by newborn infants treated at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. Seventy eight cases (4.28%) contracted neonatal tetanus out of 1821 hospitalized infants. Fifty cases were identified in 1983 and 28 cases in 1984. Fourty nine cases (62.8%) were delivered by traditional birth attendant (TBA), 18 cases (23.8%) by midwife/nurse, and 11 cases (14.10%) by others. The instruments used to cut the umbilical cord were razor blade (34.6%), scissor (33.33%), and sharp sliver bamboo (29.49%). There were 23 cases (29.49%) who used traditional medicine made from herb for umbilical cord treatment. None of the mothers was vaccinated with tetanus toxoid. Most of the parents had only elementary school education, 42.32% fathers, and 71.79% mothers.
Based on this study it is suggested to increase tetanus toxoid immunization to pregnant mothers, health education for the community and a brief course provided for the traditional birth attendant (TBA) should be enhanced to reduce the incidence and mortality rate of neonatal tetanus.
Nasogastric Drip Rehydration Therapy in Acute Diarrhea with Severe Dehydration
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , K. D. Srie Enggar , Pardede Nancy , Ismail Rusdi 
Published: October 2019

WHO recommended severe dehydration without shock in acute diarrhea to be rehydrated by nasogastric drips (NGD) of oral rehydration solution (oralit). In this respect the criteria of a still palpable and countable pulse, the absence of meteorism and absence of complication, the reverse warranting iv fluid therapy, can be used as practical guidelines to identify the patient "without shock".
A clinical trial comparing the result of NGD oralit rehydration therapy to that of intravenous Ringer-lactate on small children with diarrhea and severe dehydration was conducted. Seventy jive patients admitted to the Department of Child Health Palembang General Hospital from January up to July 1986, aged 1 to 59 months, suffering from acute diarrhea with severe dehydration fulfilled to above mentioned criteria. Randomly 36 were assigned to NGD rehydration therapy using WHO standard ORS (in Indonesia is named as oralit) and 39 were rehydrated with iv Ringer lactate solution, given in four hours consisting of 40ml/kg BW, 30ml/kg BW, 20 ml/kg BW and 20ml/kg BW in the first, second, third and fourth hours respectively.
Based on the failure rate of rehydration in the first four hours, the recurrence of dehydration after rehydration and the side effects of fluid therapy, it was concluded that acute diarrhea cases with severe dehydration who fulfilled the above mentioned criteria can be rehydrated by NGD oralit as effective and safe as by iv Ringer lactate.
Neonatal Mortality in Yogyakarta Rural Areas
Authors: Surjono Achmad 
Published: October 2019

The outcome of neonatal care was studied in three subdistricts rural areas in Yogyakarta Province with a total population of 112075 people. For data collection all pregnancies and deliveries between May 1983 -April 1984 were registered and visited twice during pregnancy, on delivery, 5 days and one month afterwards by trained health cadres.
There were 1819 singleton liveborn infants with a neonatal mortality rate of 25.3 o/oo, in which 82.6% of the deaths occurred in the early neonatal period. An amount of 91.5% of the women delivered in their own house and 83.9% were assisted by a traditional birth attendant either trained or untrained. There was still 27.1% of pregnancies which never got any antenatal care. The coverage of tetanus immunization was 75.2% with 1.1 o/oo incidence of tetanus. The incidence of low birth weight infants was 8.1%, of which 19. 7% died before one month of age, I representing 63% of neonatal mortality.
The causes of neonatal deaths were as follows: birth asphyxia and hypoxia 56.5%, prematurity/low birth weight 13%, infection/sepsis 13%, diarrhea 8. 7%, tetanus neonatorum 4.4% and others/unknown 4.4%.
In rural areas, traditional birth attendants play a key role on assisting labour and taking care of the mothers as well as their newborns up to one month of age. Improvement of health service delivery at all levels of the health care system which includes the traditional birth attendants is needed especially concerning resuscitation of the newborns and the problems of low birthweights.
Colloid Oncotic Pressure in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Tambunan Taralan , Alatas H. , Wirya I. G. N. Wila , Harmanses S. , Chair I. , Simanjuntak R. 
Published: October 2019

To evaluate the correlation between plasma protein concentration and colloid oncotic pressure (COP) and their influence on clinical symptom of edema, we studied 30 children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Total plasma protein concentration (TP), albumm, globulin and COP were measured in all patients in edema forming state (EF) and m steady state phase (SS), except for COP, only 16 samples in SS phase.
COP TP plasma albumin and globulin contents in EF group were 8. 7 ± 2. 7 mmHg, 4.07 '± 0.68 g/dl; 2.57 ± 0.50 g/dl and 1.51 ± 0.32 g/dl, respectively. In SS group these figures rose significantly to 16.7 ± 3.9 mmHg for COP; 5. 70 ± 0.99 g/dl for TP; 3.46 ± 0.52 g!dl and 2.06 ± 0.56 g/dl for plasma albumin and globulin, respectively. We also found the high correlation both between COP and albumin content (r= +0.58; p < 0.01) and between COP and TP (r= +0.54; P < 0.01) .
A strong negative correlation was also found between COP and the degree of edema (r = _ 0.55; p <0.01). On the other hand a very low grade correlation was noticed between plasma albumin content and the degree of edema (r= - 0.26; P < 0.05) and no correlation at all was found between edema and TP (r= - 0.19; P > 0.05).
We conclude that COP has the highest correlation with plasma protein concentration and the degree of edema, and can be used as a diagnostic tool. It is even more sensitive and simple compared with the TP or albumin content determination.
Basic Income, Wages, and Productivity: A Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Jokipalo Veera Amanda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the results of an economic lab experiment designed to test the impact of Basic Income (BI) on wages and productivity. The experimental design is based on the classic gift exchange game. Participants assigned the role of employer were tasked with making wage offers, and those assigned as employees chose how hard they would work in return. In addition to a control without any social security net, BI was compared to unemployment benefits, and both types of cash transfers were tested at two levels. The results are that wage offers were increased in both the BI and unemployment benefit treatments compared to the control. The higher-level BI treatment also significantly increased effort. Further experimentation could shed more light on how the potential extra value created in the labor market through increased productivity would be divided between employers and employees.
Franz Dölger and the hieratic model of Byzantine literature
Authors: Agapitos Panagiotis A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper examines more broadly the intellectual formation, early carreer and research activity of Franz Dölger with the aim to elucidate, on the one hand, the shift that took place in Byzantine Studies in Munich during the Thirties of the previous century from a philological to a historical direction. On the other hand, the paper offers a detailed analysis of Dölger’s concept of Byzantine literature and its history, the development of this concept and its immediate impact on Byzantine Philology as a separate field within Byzantine Studies. Pivotal in understanding Dölger’s concept are his connection with and use of the Nazi regime and its ideology, as well as a latent but visible antagonism to Karl Krumbacher. The paper includes an analysis of hitherto unknown publications of Dölger from the Nazi era and a number of unpublished documents pertaining to the Athos Expedition of July 1941 and its aftermath.
Der Felsen des Unheils. Die Eroberung Antiochias durch die Perser im Jahre 540
Authors: Brands Gunnar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Persian sack of Antioch on the Orontes in 540 was a severe blow to the military prestige of the Roman Empire. While the dramatic circumstances of the city’s capture are fully depicted by Procopius, the exact location of the fatal Persian attack remains controversial. The paper traces Procopius’ highly debated account of the city’s conquest in the light of recent topographical and archaeological fieldwork.
An effective technique for constructing wood composite with superior dimensional stability
Authors: Han Xiaoshuai , Wang Zhenxing , Zhang Qinqin , Pu Junwen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fast-growing wood is an abundant and low-cost material and is widely used for structural building and furniture construction. However, inferior mechanical properties and dimensional instability limit its application in advanced engineering structures. Herein, we developed a simple, effective and “green” method to transform bulk poplar into a high-performance wood composite. The wood composite was prepared by the impregnation of the itaconic acid (IA) solution acting as a grafting anchor into the wood matrix, followed by in situ polymerization of styrene upon heating to form a hydrophobic polymer within the wood scaffold. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) was deposited in wood cell walls and lumens, leading to a reduced water uptake and remarkably enhanced dimensional stability, as well as generally improved mechanical properties. In addition, the PS generated improvement in the thermal stability of the wood composite in comparison with that of natural wood (W).
The association of resilience with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescent students
Authors: Maheri Mina , Alipour Mansoureh , Rohban Alireza , Garmaroudi Gholamreza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Identifying the factors associated with HRQoL in adolescents is a prerequisite of interventions aimed at improving the overall quality of life and health status among them. Studies have identified many factors associated with HRQoL in different populations; however, very little is known about the role of resilience on HRQoL in adolescent students.

Subjects
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1500 high school students (750 boys and 750 girls) in Tehran. The subjects were selected through the cluster and multistage sampling methods.

Methods
The data collection tool included three questionnaires; a demographic information questionnaire, the Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (KIDSCREEN-27), and the Children and Youth Resilience Measurement (CYRM-28). Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 software. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association of resilience with HRQoL.

Results
The mean score of overall health-related quality of life and overall resilience were 57.51 ± 15.03 and 98.35 ± 16.48, respectively. Individual sub-scale (β = 0.402, p < 0.001), caregiver sub-scale (β = 0.279, p < 0.001) and context sub-scale (β = 0.122, p < 0.001) of resilience were, respectively, the positive and significant predictors of HRQoL in students. The resilience sub-scales explained 49% of the total variance of HRQoL, and the individual sub-scale was the strongest predictive factor for HRQoL in students.

Conclusion
It is recommended to incorporate resilience training programs into the regular school education in order to improve the quality of life and health of students in all high schools and educational centers of the country.
Bacteriuria in pregnancy varies with the ambiance: a retrospective observational study at a tertiary hospital in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Minisha Fathima , Mohamed Mahmoud , Abdulmunem Dina , El Awad Shaza , Zidan Mahmoud , Abreo Mohini , Ahmad Shamsa , Fender Guy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the influence of ambient temperature and humidity on significant bacteriuria (SB) and urinary bacterial isolates in pregnant women.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted in the sole tertiary-care hospital in Doha, Qatar. A sample of 1588 pregnant women delivering between June 2012 and March 2013 was randomly selected. Meteorological variables including ambient average daily temperature and humidity were sourced from online meteorological data, and patient information such as demographic data, urine culture results and bacterial isolates were collected from patient files. The receptor operative curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cutoff for temperature and humidity. Statistical analyses of associations between SB and bacterial isolates with respect to the ambient temperature and humidity were performed using Pearson’s correlation, the chi-square (χ2) test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results
Of the 21.24% positive cultures, 11.25% had SB. SB showed a significant strong positive (r = +0.677, n = 17, P = 0.003) and moderate negative (r = −0.587, n = 17, P = 0.013) correlation with average monthly temperature and humidity, respectively, with doubling of rates noted with temperatures ≥35°C (11.3% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.0001) and humidity ≤50% (10.6% vs. 3.2%; P < 0.0001). Escherichia coli and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) were the most common isolates.

Conclusion
This is the first study in this region that demonstrates maternal risk with SB, with ambient temperatures of ≥35°C and humidity ≤50%. The effect of these variables on the growth of various urinary bacteria has also been shown.
Structural characterization of the bagasse lignin pretreated using solid alkali
Authors: Yang Qiulin , Wang Dongsheng , Huo Dan , Lin Lu , Liu Qiujuan , Liu Zhong , Zhan Fengshan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pretreatment using solid alkali had a high delignification rate and could improve the followed conversion efficiency of the biomass. In the present work, the bagasse lignin was separated and pretreated using a solid alkali to discuss their structural changes. The results showed that the main basic structures S/S′/S′′, G/G′, and H had different reactivity, where only the H unit was a stable structure in the pretreatment. The phenolic structure of the lignin was easily degraded in the pretreatment, and the lignin without phenolic structure was difficult to be degraded. The P structure was a novel structure that generated in the pretreatment. Some monomeric aromatic compounds simulated lignin monomer were also pretreated by solid alkali, the result showed that the phenol structure with side chain on para-position, as well as the carboxyl group, eater linkage, and double bond on the side chain are easily reacted in the pretreatment.
The natural radioactivity in drinking water by gross alpha and beta measurements and radiological quality assessment
Authors: Turhan Şeref 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the radiological quality of drinking waters consumed in Nevşehir province which is the most important tourism destination of the Cappadocia region. The activity concentration of gross α- and β-emitting from natural radionuclides (238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra, 210Po, 232Th and 210Pb, 228Ra and 40K) in 21 tap water samples supplied by municipal pipelines were analyzed by using a gas proportional α/β counter. The average activity concentrations of the gross α and gross β in tap water samples were found as 88 ± 10 mBq L−1 and 305 ± 32 mBq L−1, respectively. The average natural activity concentrations of α- and β-emitting radionuclides in tap water samples are below the limit values recommended by the Turkish regulation and WHO. For all samples, except for one sample, the gross β activity concentrations are higher than the corresponding gross α concentrations. The average annual effective radiation dose (AERD) due to the ingestion of these water samples was estimated to be 43, 60 and 124 μSv year−1 for infants, children, and adults, respectively. The average of AERD estimated for adults is 24 % higher than the dose limit of 100 μSv year−1. The activity concentration results reveal that tap water samples are acceptable for human consumption in accordance with the Turkish regulation and WHO recommendations for drinking water.