bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of long‐term medium secure patients within NHS and private and charitable sector units in England
Authors: Kasmi Yasir , Duggan Conor , Völlm Birgit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn England, forensic psychiatric hospital services are provided at three security levels: high, medium and low. All are publicly funded and similarly regulated, but medium and low secure services are provided in the private and charitable (PCS) sector as well as the National Health Service (NHS). Originally, medium secure hospital services were conceived as for up to 2 years' inpatient stay, but numbers of longer stay patients have been rising. Little is known about their characteristics or whether they differ between NHS and PCS settings.AimsTo describe and compare characteristics of long‐stay patients in NHS and in PCS medium security hospital units.MethodsData were extracted from clinical records in 14 NHS and 9 PCS hospital units for all patients fulfilling criteria for long stay: having been in high security for more than 10 years or medium security for more than 5 years or in a mix of both for more than 15 years in total.Results178 NHS and 107 PCS patients were eligible for inclusion, respectively, 16 and 22% of the total patient populations in these settings. The mean length of stay in a medium or high secure setting was similar: 163 and 164 months. Characteristics of the patients, however, differed between unit type. NHS services admitted more patients from prison and PCS services more from other hospitals. NHS services included a lower proportion of patients with personality disorder or intellectual disability. 'Challenging behaviour' was more prevalent in PCS; a history of absconding was found more often among NHS patients.ConclusionsThe two systems of service appear to be used differently. More research is needed to explain why patients apparently without behavioural disturbances remain in specialist secure facilities for such a long time and whether their needs are truly being met in the least restrictive environment possible.
Randomised controlled trial of a treatment adherence programme for prisoners with mental health problems in Spain
Authors: Muela Alexander , Aliri Jone , Presa Barbara , Gorostiaga Arantxa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high among prisoners, who often need psychotropic medication, but compliance with treatment is often poor. This combination leads to poorer prisoner‐patient health and increased health costs.The aim of this study was to test the impact of a treatment adherence programme (TAP) on medication adherence and subjective well‐being among prisoners with mental health problems. We conducted a randomised controlled trial of a treatment adherence programme compared with treatment as usual (TAU) among 183 prisoners with mental health problems. Those in the TAP group showed greater treatment adherence and reported better subjective well‐being with medication than those in the TAU group. We conclude that the treatment adherence of prisoners who require medication for mental health problems may be improved through specific intervention programmes. This could make a positive contribution to individual health and well‐being.
Addressing the Reproducibility of Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Marx Maximilian , Mele Andrea , Spannenberg Anke , Steinlechner Christoph , Junge Henrik , Schollhammer Philippe , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 06/2020 is provided by Matthias Beller and co‐workers from the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock (Germany) and the University of Brest (France). The image shows the reproducibility problems with vastly varying turnover numbers that can arise when developing novel systems for photocatalytic transformations, such as carbon dioxide reduction. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901686.
Experimental and Quantum Mechanical Characterization of an Oxygen‐Bridged Plutonium(IV) Dimer
Authors: Ray Debmalya , Xie Jing , White Jacob , Sigmon Ginger E. , Gagliardi Laura , Hixon Amy E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of K4{[PuCl2(NO3)3]2(μ2‐O)}⋅H2O, which contains the first known μ2‐oxo bridge between two PuIV metal centers. Adding to its uniqueness is the Pu−(μ2‐O) bond length of 2.04 Å, which is the shortest of other analogous compounds. The Pu−(μ2‐O)−Pu bridge is characterized by the mixing of s‐, d‐, and p‐orbitals from Pu with the p‐orbitals of O; the 5f‐orbitals do not participate in bonding. Natural bond orbital analysis indicates that Pu and O interact through one 3c‐2e σPu‐O‐Pu and two 3c‐2e πPu‐O‐Pu bonding orbitals and that the electron density is highly polarized on the μ2‐O. Bond topology properties analysis indicates that the Pu−(μ2‐O) bond shares both ionic and covalent character. Quantum mechanical calculations also show that the dimer has multiconfigurational ground states, where the nonet, septet, quintet, triplet, and singlet are close in energy. This work demonstrates the interplay between experimental and computational efforts that is required to understand the chemical bonding of Pu compounds.
Contributions to Lignomics: Stochastic Generation of Oligomeric Lignin Structures for Interpretation of MALDI–FT‐ICR‐MS Results
Authors: Terrell Evan , Carré Vincent , Dufour Anthony , Aubriet Frédéric , Le Brech Yann , Garcia‐Pérez Manuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lack of standards to identify oligomeric molecules is a challenge for the analysis of complex organic mixtures. High‐resolution mass spectrometry—specifically, Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS)—offers new opportunities for analysis of oligomers with the assignment of formulae (CxHyOz) to detected peaks. However, matching a specific structure to a given formula remains a challenge due to the inability of FT‐ICR MS to distinguish between isomers. Additional separation techniques and other analyses (e.g., NMR spectroscopy) coupled with comparison of results to those from pure compounds is one route for assignment of MS peaks. Unfortunately, this strategy may be impractical for complete analysis of complex, heterogeneous samples. In this study we use computational stochastic generation of lignin oligomers to generate a molecular library for supporting the assignment of potential candidate structures to compounds detected during FT‐ICR MS analysis. This approach may also be feasible for other macromolecules beyond lignin.
Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)
Authors: Lipsky Benjamin A. , Senneville Éric , Abbas Zulfiqarali G. , Aragón‐Sánchez Javier , Diggle Mathew , Embil John M. , Kono Shigeo , Lavery Lawrence A. , Malone Matthew , van Asten Suzanne A. , Urbančič‐Rovan Vilma , Peters Edgar J.G. ,   on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF)
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence‐based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. This guideline is on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes and updates the 2015 IWGDF infection guideline. On the basis of patient, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICOs) developed by the infection committee, in conjunction with internal and external reviewers and consultants, and on systematic reviews the committee conducted on the diagnosis of infection (new) and treatment of infection (updated from 2015), we offer 27 recommendations. These cover various aspects of diagnosing soft tissue and bone infection, including the classification scheme for diagnosing infection and its severity. Of note, we have updated this scheme for the first time since we developed it 15 years ago. We also review the microbiology of diabetic foot infections, including how to collect samples and to process them to identify causative pathogens. Finally, we discuss the approach to treating diabetic foot infections, including selecting appropriate empiric and definitive antimicrobial therapy for soft tissue and for bone infections, when and how to approach surgical treatment, and which adjunctive treatments we think are or are not useful for the infectious aspects of diabetic foot problems. For this version of the guideline, we also updated four tables and one figure from the 2016 guideline. We think that following the principles of diagnosing and treating diabetic foot infections outlined in this guideline can help clinicians to provide better care for these patients.
Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Vas Prashanth , Rayman Gerry , Dhatariya Ketan , Driver Vickie , Hartemann Agnes , Londahl Magnus , Piaggesi Alberto , Apelqvist Jan , Attinger Chris , Game Fran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) remains a challenge, and there is continuing uncertainty concerning optimal approaches to wound healing. The International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) working group on wound healing has previously published systematic reviews of the evidence in 2008, 2012 and 2016 to inform protocols for routine care and to highlight areas which should be considered for further study. The working group has now updated this review by considering papers on the interventions to improve the healing of DFU's published between June 2014 and August 2018. Methodological quality of selected studies was independently assessed by a minimum of two reviewers using the recently published 21‐point questionnaire as recommended by IWGDF/European Wound Management Association, as well as the previously incorporated Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Of the 2275 papers identified, 97 were finally selected for grading following full text review. Overall, there has been an improvement in study design and a significant rise in the number of published studies. While previous systematic reviews did not find any evidence to justify the use of newer therapies, except for negative pressure wound therapy in post‐surgical wounds, in this review we found additional evidence to support some interventions including a sucrose‐octasulfate dressing, the combined leucocyte, fibrin and platelet patch as well as topical application of some placental membrane products, all when used in addition to usual best care. Nonetheless, the assessment and comparison of published trials remains difficult with marked clinical heterogeneity between studies: in patient selection, study duration, standard of usual care provision and the timing and description of the clinical endpoints.
The impact of palliative care on clinical and patient‐centred outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sahlollbey Nick , Lee Christopher Kai Seng , Shirin Afraah , Joseph Philip 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the impact of palliative care on acute care hospitalizations, survival, symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced heart failure.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic search of publications through CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE originally up to July 2017, and then updated to June 2019. The study was registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42017069685) prior to its initiation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that tested an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention (compared to usual care) primarily in a heart failure population. Main outcomes assessed were hospitalizations, mortality, QOL, and symptom burden. Ten independent RCTs were selected, representing a total of 1050 participants (921 with a diagnosis of heart failure). Compared with usual care, palliative care interventions were associated with a substantial reduction in hospitalizations [odds ratio 0.56 (0.33–0.94); four trials; I2 = 27%], modest improvement in QOL [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.45; seven trials; I2 = 15%], and modest reduction in symptom burden (SMD −0.29; 95% CI −0.54–0.03; three trials; I2 = 15%). There was no clear adverse impact on mortality. Most studies had methodological limitations that increased the risk of biases.ConclusionCompared to usual care, palliative care interventions substantially reduce hospitalizations, with no clear adverse effect on survival. Effects on QOL and symptom burden appear to be modest, and indicate that further efforts to improve these patient centred outcomes are needed.
Data‐driven nonrigid object feature analysis: Subspace application of incidence structure
Authors: Wells Nicholas , See Chung W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn object recognition, feature extraction algorithms are designed to capture the discriminate statistics of objects. Due to pose, deformation and background clutter, the recognition of objects becomes nontrivial, particularly nonrigid samples. Through incidence and geometric structure, this article reports on the data‐driven identification of critical features located on object exemplar profiles. The investigation is demonstrated using the features of a cat's head and the application of the Hough transform to extract planar geometric features. A data‐driven recognition routine is described that accumulates prior knowledge for evaluating the error contribution of critical features impacting recognition confidence. In measuring affine facial features, feature parallelism is tracked to determine rotations and elevations of a cat's head. A preliminary recognition error of 8.2% and 17.8% is determined for a front training profile. An analysis proceeds to determine contributions to this error due the identified critical features.
A prediction method for the size distribution of saltating particles above a mixed‐size bed
Authors: Liu Li , Bo Tian‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn aeolian saltation, the sand bed is a mixture of sand particle with a wide range of particle sizes. Generally, the particle size distribution (PSD) of saltating particles is ignored by previous aeolian transport models, which will result in differences between predictions and observations. To better understand the saltation process, a prediction method of the PSD of saltating particles was proposed in this article. The probability of contact between incident sand and bed sand was introduced into the particle‐bed collision process. An artificial PSD of the incident saltating particles was set as the initial condition. A stochastic particle‐bed collision model considering contact probability was then used in each iteration step to calculate a new PSD of saltating particles. Finally, the PSD of saltating particles can be determined when aeolian saltation reaches a steady state (saltation is in a steady state when its primary characteristics, such as horizontal mass flux and the concentration of saltating particles, remain approximately constant over time and distance). Meanwhile, according to the experimental results, a calculation formula for the contact parameter n is given, which characterizes the shielding effect of particles on each other. That is, if soil PSD and friction velocity were given, the PSD of saltating particles can be determined. Our results do not depend on the initial conditions, and the predicted results are consistent with the experimental results. It indicated that our method can be used to determine the PSD of saltating particles. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion characteristics of loess tunnels on the Loess Plateau: A field investigation and experimental study
Authors: Li Xi‐An , Wang Li , Hong Bo , Li Lin‐Cui , Liu Jia , Lei Hao‐nan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLoess tunnels are a common geo‐hazard in the Loess Plateau and not only cause considerable soil and water loss, but also aggravate and even induce the occurrence and development of other disasters such as ground fissures, mudflows, collapses, and landslides. To date, research on the hydrological characteristics and erosion behaviour of loess tunnel systems has focused on field investigation data and limited river basin observation data, whereas field test information and data are very scarce. In this study, field surveys, observations, field scouring experiments, and laboratory‐based sediment percentage tests were conducted to analyse the erosion characteristics, spatial distribution, and hydrological characteristics of a large‐scale loess tunnel system in the hilly Loess Plateau southeast region of northern China. The results showed that the loess tunnel erosion exhibited periodicity. Tunnel erosion in each period shows a similar erosion process, that is, thin‐layer water flow erosion and lateral expansion, tunnel wall collapse and deposit due to the loss of support from the lateral erosion, and erosion and transport of deposits by water flow. Waterfall erosion, lateral erosion, headward erosion, and the resulting collapses were the main forms of tunnel erosion. Besides this, the base level of erosion significantly affects the erosion characteristics of the loess tunnel. The hydrological characteristics during field scouring experiments exhibited three different stages: a lag effect, attributed to the temporary loss of water velocity in the first stage; small water flow fluctuations in the second stage; and an increase in total seepage loss with increased water injection flow in the third stage. The erosion rate was positively correlated with the flow quantity. The results of this study not only provide valuable reference data for research on the mechanism and velocity of erosion events in loess, but also provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of loess tunnel disasters in engineering construction. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pebax/MWCNTs‐NH2 mixed matrix membranes for enhanced CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Song Chunfeng , Mujahid Muhammad , Li Run , Ahmad Siraj , Liu Qingling , Zhang Bing , Kitamura Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) played a promising role in gas separation. However, the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity is still a challenge for its commercial application. Rational design of the inorganic filler, compatibility of filler with the polymer, and dispersion of filler into the polymer have a significant influence on the morphology and separation performance of a membrane. In this study, in order to produce defect‐free flat sheet MMMs, two different solvents (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and ethanol/water) were investigated to maximize the dispersion of filler (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) in Pebax. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. CO2/N2 permeation tests were undertaken to investigate the solvent effect on membrane permeation properties. The result showed that membranes fabricated with higher molar volume solvent were more efficient for CO2 separation. Considering the trade‐off between different parameters (molar volume of solvent, fraction‐free volume, crystallinity of membranes), the permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity of Pebax/MWCNTs MMMs was optimized to 405 Barrer and 51, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waste heat recovery from the stripped gas in carbon capture process by membrane technology: Hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic membrane cases
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Cui Qiufang , Tu Te , Liu Shuo , Ji Long , Yan Shuiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and hydrophilic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) membranes were used as heat exchangers in rich‐split CO2 capture process to recover the waste heat from the stripped gas (i.e., mixture of water vapor and CO2). Technical feasibilities of these two membrane exchangers were assessed by heat recovery and energy intensity in the monoethanolamine (MEA)‐based carbon capture process. The heat recovery of these two membrane exchangers with different pore sizes were then systematically compared under various operating parameters. The underlying mass and heat transfer mechanisms of two membranes were also investigated and compared to figure out the suitable candidate for heat recovery. Additionally, the potential risks of using these membrane exchangers were identified and investigated. Results showed that the PTFE membrane displays a better heat recovery performance than the PEEK membrane with the same pore size. The heat recovery of both PTFE and PEEK membranes first increases to a plateau and then drops slightly with the increased CO2‐rich solvent flow rate. The heat recovery of PTFE and PEEK membranes decreases with the increased flow rate and water vapor fraction of the inlet stripped gas, MEA temperature, and MEA concentration. Furthermore, the larger pore size results in higher heat recovery for both PTFE and PEEK membranes. PTFE membranes displayed lower MEA transfer flux than PTFE membranes at any rich MEA flow rate as the enhanced MEA transfer from the cold solution to the other side via PEEK membrane pores filled with liquid water. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrapping promotes the RSFC‐behavior associations: An application of individual cognitive traits prediction
Authors: Wei Lijiang , Jing Bin , Li Haiyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) records enormous functional interaction information between any pair of brain nodes, which enriches the individual‐phenotypic prediction. To reduce high‐dimensional features, correlation analysis is a common way for feature selection. However, resting state fMRI signal exhibits typically low signal‐to‐noise ratio and the correlation analysis is sensitive to outliers and data distribution, which may bring unstable features to prediction. To alleviate this problem, a bootstrapping‐based feature selection framework was proposed and applied to connectome‐based predictive modeling, support vector regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and Ridge regression to predict a series of cognitive traits based on Human Connectome Project data. To systematically investigate the influences of different parameter settings on the bootstrapping‐based framework, 216 parameter combinations were evaluated and the best performance among them was identified as the final prediction result for each cognitive trait. By using the bootstrapping methods, the best prediction performances outperformed the baseline method in all four prediction models. Furthermore, the proposed framework could effectively reduce the feature dimension by retaining the more stable features. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is an easy‐to‐use and effective method to improve RSFC prediction of cognitive traits and is highly recommended in future RSFC‐prediction studies.