bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced-intensity single-unit unrelated cord blood transplant with optional immune boost for nonmalignant disorders
Authors: Vander Lugt Mark T. , Chen Xiaohua , Escolar Maria L. , Carella Beth A. , Barnum Jessie L. , Windreich Randy M. , Hill Memphis J. , Poe Michelle , Marsh Rebecca A. , Stanczak Heather , Stenger Elizabeth O. , Szabolcs Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Children with many inherited nonmalignant disorders can be cured or their condition alleviated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Umbilical cord blood (UCB) units are a rapidly available stem cell source and offer great flexibility in HLA matching, allowing nearly uniform access to HSCT. Although reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens promise decreased treatment-related morbidity and mortality, graft failure and infections have limited their use in chemotherapy-naive patients. We prospectively evaluated a novel RIC regimen of alemtuzumab, hydroxyurea, fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa with a single-unit UCB graft in 44 consecutive patients with inborn errors of metabolism, immunity, or hematopoiesis. In addition, 5% of the UCB graft was re-cryopreserved and reserved for cord donor leukocyte infusion (cDLI) posttransplant. All patients engrafted at a median of 15 days posttransplant, and chimerism was &gt;90% donor in the majority of patients at 1-year posttransplant with only 1 secondary graft failure. The incidence of grade II to IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17-43) with no extensive chronic GVHD. Overall survival was 95% (95% CI, 83-99) and 85% (95% CI, 64-93) at 1 and 5 years posttransplant, respectively. No significant end-organ toxicities were observed. The use of cDLI did not affect GVHD and showed signals of efficacy for infection control or donor chimerism. This RIC transplant regimen using single-unit UCB graft resulted in outstanding survival and remarkably low rates of graft failure. Implementation of the protocol not requiring pharmacokinetic monitoring would be feasible and applicable worldwide for children with inherited disorders of metabolism, immunity, or hematopoiesis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01962415.
Cumulative inactivated vaccine exposure and allergy development among children: a birth cohort from Japan
Authors: Yamamoto-Hanada Kiwako , Pak Kyongsun , Saito-Abe Mayako , Yang Limin , Sato Miori , Mezawa Hidetoshi , Sasaki Hatoko , Nishizato Minaho , Konishi Mizuho , Ishitsuka Kazue , Matsumoto Kenji , Saito Hirohisa , Ohya Yukihiro ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Kamijima Michihiro , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Kurozawa Youichi , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Adjuvants used in inactivated vaccines often upregulate type 2 immunity, which is dominant in allergic diseases. We hypothesised that cumulative adjuvant exposure in infancy may influence the development of allergies later in life by changing the balance of type 1/type 2 immunity. We examined the relationship between immunisation with different vaccine types and later allergic disease development.

Methods
We obtained information regarding vaccinations and allergic diseases through questionnaires that were used in The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), which is a nationwide, multicentre, prospective birth cohort study that included 103,099 pregnant women and their children. We examined potential associations between the initial vaccination before 6 months of age and symptoms related to allergies at 12 months of age.

Results
Our statistical analyses included 56,277 children. Physician-diagnosed asthma was associated with receiving three (aOR 1.395, 95% CI 1.028–1.893) or four to five different inactivated vaccines (aOR 1.544, 95% CI 1.149–2.075), compared with children who received only one inactivated vaccine. Similar results were found for two questionnaire-based symptoms, i.e. wheeze (aOR 1.238, 95% CI 1.094–1.401; three vaccines vs. a single vaccine) and eczema (aOR 1.144, 95% CI 1.007–1.299; four or five vaccines vs. a single vaccine).

Conclusions
Our results, which should be cautiously interpreted, suggest that the prevalence of asthma, wheeze and eczema among children at 12 months of age might be related to the amount of inactivated vaccine exposure before 6 months of age. Future work should assess if this association is due to cumulative adjuvant exposure. Despite this possible association, we strongly support the global vaccination strategy and recommend that immunisations continue.

Trial registration
UMIN000030786.
Inequalities in measles immunization coverage in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys 2000–2016
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik , Zegeye Betregiorgis , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Yaya Sanni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia has low measles immunization coverage and little is known about the disparities surrounding what coverage is provided. This study assessed disparities in measles immunization and its change over time using the four Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2016.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of data using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) conducted between 2000 and 2016. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to present the inequalities. Four measures of inequality were calculated: Difference (D), Ratio (R), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Population Attributable Risk (PAR). The results were disaggregated by wealth, education, residence, sex and sub-national regions and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs) were computed for each point estimate to boost confidence of the findings.

Results
Measles immunization coverage was higher among the richest and secondary and above schools’ subgroup by nearly 30 to 31 percentage points based on point estimates (D = 31%; 95% CI; 19.48, 42.66) and 29.8 percentage points (D = 29.8%; 95% CI; 16.57, 43.06) as compared to the poorest and no education subgroup respectively in the 2016 survey. Still, in the 2016 survey, substantial economic status (PAF = 36.73; 95%CI: 29.78, 43.68), (R = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.35, 2.08), education status (PAF = 45.07; 95% CI: 41.95, 48.18), (R = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.90), place of residence (PAF = 39.84, 95% CI: 38.40, 41.27), (R = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20, 1. 74) and regional (PAF = 71.35, 95% CI: 31.76, 110.95), (R = 3.09, 95%CI: 2.01, 4.17) inequality were observed with both simple and complex measures. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of measles immunization between male and female children in all the studied years, as indicated, for instance, by measures of PAF in 2000 (PAF = 0; 95%CI: − 6.79, 6.79), 2005 (PAF = 0; 95%CI: − 6.04, 6.04), 2011(PAF = 0; 95%CI: − 3.79, 3.79) and 2016 (PAF = 2.66; − 1.67; 6.99). Overall, the inequality of measles immunization narrowed significantly by at least some of the measures between the first and the last survey periods across all the studied subgroups.

Conclusions
National, regional and district levels of government should make a pledge to reduce inequalities in coverage of measles immunization. Equity-sensitive strategies, sufficient human and financial resources as well as continued research and monitoring of immunization coverage inequalities are necessary to achieve related sustainable development goals.
Mapping male circumcision for HIV prevention efforts in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cork Michael A. , Wilson Kate F. , Perkins Samantha , Collison Michael L. , Deshpande Aniruddha , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Earl Lucas , Haeuser Emily , Justman Jessica E. , Kinyoki Damaris K. , Mayala Benjamin K. , Mosser Jonathan F. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Nkengasong John N. , Piot Peter , Sartorius Benn , Schaeffer Lauren E. , Serfes Audrey L. , Sligar Amber , Steuben Krista M. , Tanser Frank C. , VanderHeide John D. , Yang Mingyou , Wabiri Njeri , Hay Simon I. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
HIV remains the largest cause of disease burden among men and women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of female-to-male transmission of HIV by 50–60%. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) identified 14 priority countries for VMMC campaigns and set a coverage goal of 80% for men ages 15–49. From 2008 to 2017, over 18 million VMMCs were reported in priority countries. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about local variation in male circumcision (MC) prevalence.

Methods
We analyzed geo-located MC prevalence data from 109 household surveys using a Bayesian geostatistical modeling framework to estimate adult MC prevalence and the number of circumcised and uncircumcised men aged 15–49 in 38 countries in sub-Saharan Africa at a 5 × 5-km resolution and among first administrative level (typically provinces or states) and second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units.

Results
We found striking within-country and between-country variation in MC prevalence; most (12 of 14) priority countries had more than a twofold difference between their first administrative level units with the highest and lowest estimated prevalence in 2017. Although estimated national MC prevalence increased in all priority countries with the onset of VMMC campaigns, seven priority countries contained both subnational areas where estimated MC prevalence increased and areas where estimated MC prevalence decreased after the initiation of VMMC campaigns. In 2017, only three priority countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania) were likely to have reached the MC coverage target of 80% at the national level, and no priority country was likely to have reached this goal in all subnational areas.

Conclusions
Despite MC prevalence increases in all priority countries since the onset of VMMC campaigns in 2008, MC prevalence remains below the 80% coverage target in most subnational areas and is highly variable. These mapped results provide an actionable tool for understanding local needs and informing VMMC interventions for maximum impact in the continued effort towards ending the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
On the use of neural networks to evaluate performances of shell models for composites
Authors: Petrolo Marco , Carrera Erasmo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology to assess the accuracy of shell finite elements via neural networks. The proposed framework exploits the synergies among three well-established methods, namely, the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), the Finite Element Method (FE), and neural networks (NN). CUF generates the governing equations for any-order shell theories based on polynomial expansions over the thickness. FE provides numerical results feeding the NN for training. Multilayer NN have the generalized displacement variables, and the thickness ratio as inputs, and the target is the maximum transverse displacement. This work investigates the minimum requirements for the NN concerning the number of neurons and hidden layers, and the size of the training set. The results look promising as the NN requires a fraction of FE analyses for training, can evaluate the accuracy of any-order model, and can incorporate physical features, e.g., the thickness ratio, that drive the complexity of the mathematical model. In other words, NN can trigger fast informed decision-making on the structural model to use and the influence of design parameters without the need of modifying, rebuild, or rerun an FE model.
Study of bioaccessibility of cobalt species in berries and seeds by mass spectrometry techniques
Authors: Wojcieszek Justyna , Ruzik Lena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, açai berries (Euterpe Oleracea M.), goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), and chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have increased interest worldwide due to their nutritional value and health benefits. In the present study, SEC-ICP-MS and μ-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the investigation of cobalt speciation and evaluation of its bioaccessibility in these products. Total cobalt content was determined, and açai berries (0.348 ± 0.042 μg g−1) and chia seeds (0.352 ± 0.036 μg g−1) were found as the best sources of this element. Different elution profiles of the extracts of examined berries and seeds obtained with the use of ammonium acetate, Tris-HCl, and SDS suggested that cobalt is bound by different bioligands in each biomatrix.The bioaccessibility of cobalt species was evaluated by SEC-ICP-MS. On the chromatograms of extracts obtained after simulation of gastrointestinal digestion, peaks corresponding to low molecular mass (17.00–1.35 kDa) cobalt complexes were observed. In the case of goji berries, their intensities were significantly higher on chromatograms of gastrointestinal than gastric extract. In enzymatic extracts, different forms of vitamin B12 were identified by μ-HPLC-ESI-MS, including its natural forms—methylcobalamin (Me-Cbl) and adenosylcobalamin (Ado-Cbl).
A cross-sectional survey of attitudes towards education in implant dentistry in the undergraduate dental curriculum
Authors: Schweyen Ramona , Al-Nawas Bilal , Arnold Christin , Hey Jeremias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn ongoing debate in dental education is whether implant dentistry, as a multidisciplinary domain, should be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perspectives of novices, clinical educators, and experienced dentists with regard to the importance of theoretical and practical implant dentistry teaching content in undergraduate dental education. The specific objective was to determine whether a consensus could be found concerning aspects of theoretical knowledge, implant position planning, implantation, prosthetic treatment procedures, postoperative care, and prerequisite experiences that should be provided in undergraduate dental education.ResultsA positive consensus existed in terms of theoretical education, assistance in surgical and prosthodontic procedures, implant planning and restoration in straightforward cases (i.e., posterior single crowns and bridges, overdentures on nonconnected implants), and postoperative care. A negative consensus existed for bone augmentation. Implantation was supported by novices (i.e., students and graduates). In addition, more experienced dentists were more likely to oppose implantation performed by undergraduates. The most preferred implantation method was implant insertion using a digitally fabricated drilling template, after surgical flap elevation.ConclusionsStudents and graduates preferred a comprehensive undergraduate education that included implant dentistry. Dentists working in private practice, and especially dentists working as university educators, were critical towards the integration of implant-related learning content into undergraduate education. The intention of medical education is to impart knowledge to students and to prepare them for life-long learning and continual professional development after graduation. Thus, an undergraduate dental curriculum that provides students a solid introduction and knowledge foundation in implant dentistry is recommended.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with marked cystic degeneration: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Tanahashi Masayuki , Suzuki Eriko , Yoshii Naoko , Chiba Kensuke , Tsuchida Hiroyuki , Yobita Shogo , Uchiyama Suiha , Iguchi Kensuke , Ogawa Hiroshi , Niwa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a mesenchymal tumor, and computed tomography typically shows SFTPs as well-defined lobulated masses. We herein report a case of SFTP with cystic degeneration of the entire tumor.

Case presentation
The patient was a 67-year-old Japanese man who was referred to our hospital for an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray. Computed tomography showed a 9-cm cystic tumor in the lower left lobe, with small nodules aggregated in the cyst. Pulmonary aspergillosis was suspected, and left basal segmentectomy was performed. A pedunculated cystic tumor was connected to the pleura with a stalk, and white polypoidal masses were found within the cystic tumor. Microscopy revealed uniform fibroblastic spindle cell proliferation and marked cystic degeneration, the cyst walls were formed of the same tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, CD99, and BCL2. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as SFTP with cystic degeneration.

Conclusion
We experienced an extremely rare case of atypical SFTP with cystic degeneration.
Impeding factors of early rehabilitation postoperatively after rheumatoid toe arthroplasty: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goto Shunsaku , Kasuya Yusuke , Okuyama Keiko , Ikari Katsunori , Ozaki Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies explored the benefits related to early ambulation postoperatively, but few focused on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and predictors of the inability to begin walking on the first postoperative day (POD) after toe arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsRA patients who underwent toe arthroplasty at one hospital were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 300 patients were included and divided into two groups: possible group (n= 191), who were able to walk on the first POD, and impossible group (n= 109), who were unable to walk on the first POD. Data were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between various patient factors and the impossible group with logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting before rehabilitation was significantly associated with the infeasibility of walking rehabilitation on the first POD [OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.22–4.14,P= 0.003]. The number of rescue analgesics administered before rehabilitation and the supplementation of peripheral nerve block was also associated with the infeasibility of walking rehabilitation on the first POD [OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59,P= 0.003; OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.79,P= 0.010, respectively].ConclusionThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and inadequate postoperative pain management hindered early rehabilitation. Adding peripheral nerve block to general anesthesia had an advantage for postoperative rehabilitation after toe arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis.
Evaluation of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) and Emamectin Benzoate against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yasin Muhammad , Qazi Muhammad Shoaib , Wakil Waqas , Qayyum Mirza Abdul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Oriental leaf worm moth,Spodoptera litura(F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is among the most voracious insect pests in a variety of economically important crops, particularly cotton. It has developed resistance against conventional chemical insecticides. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate an integrated application of bio- and synthetic pesticide against this pest. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) can be a potent alternative to control this pest. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NPV and emamectin benzoate (Proclaim® 19EC) against three geographically distinct populations ofS. liturain vitro conditions. Second and fourth larval instars were treated by three different concentrations of NPV (NPV-1 2 × 109, NPV-2 3 × 109, and NPV-3 4 × 109POB ml−1) and emamectin benzoate (EB 0.1 ppm) alone and in combination. The results showed that the highest mortality rate (83.28%) was recorded for NPV-3 + EB, followed by NPV-2 + EB, NPV-1 + EB, EB, NPV-3, NPV-2, and NPV-3 at all the tests. Moreover, Faisalabad (FSD) population was found more susceptible, followed by Layyah (LY) and Multan (ML) populations. Reduction in pupation, adult emergence and egg eclosion was found directly related to the pathogenicity of the applied pathogens. The results of this study revealed that biorational control ofS. liturawith combined application of NPV + emamectin benzoate was an effective tool.
Clinical impact of early minimal residual disease detection at day 15 in precursor B-childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an Egyptian experience
Authors: Farweez Botheina Ahmed Thabet , Kassim Nevine Ahmed , Abdelfataah Mona Fathy , Hassan Naglaa Mostafa , Hassnien Doha Elsayed Ahmed , El-Sakhawy Yasmin Nabil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are well-established prognostic markers and useful tools for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. This study aimed to stratify high-risk precursor B-childhood ALL (pre-B-ALL) patients according to standard prognostic factors(age and total leucocytic count), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for these cytogenetic abnormalities [t (9;22) BCR/ABL, t(1;19)TCF3/PBX1, and 11q23 MLL gene rearrangement], and MRD status at day 15. Besides, we aimed to demonstrate the relation of these prognostic factors (standard and cytogenetic risk groups) to patients’ outcome at day 15 of induction therapy as well as exploring the impact of early MRD assessment during remission induction compared to other prognostic factors together with the ability to tailor investigations as needed especially in places with limited health resources without compromising the outcome. Seventy-two newly-diagnosed Egyptian children with pre-B-ALL, aged 6 months to 15.5 years, registered from February 2016 to February 2018 were included. They were treated according to the modified Children’s Oncology Group (COG) protocol. Patients were classified into (a) standard and high-risk groups according to standard prognostic factors. (b) Patients with the studied cytogenetic abnormalities and patients without the studied cytogenetic abnormalities. (c) Good outcome (negative MRD) and bad outcome (positive MRD) groups according to day 15 MRD status.ResultsThe studied cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in 22.2% of patients, all of them were in the high-risk group, and 75% of them had a bad outcome (positive MRD) at day 15 of induction therapy.ConclusionPatients with favorable presenting features (standard risk) and undetectable MRD after 2 weeks remission induction therapy would not be in need to advanced molecular studies, while these studies should be considered for patients with high-risk presenting features and high levels of MRD after 2 weeks remission induction therapy. Therefore, this could provide a cost-effective guideline in countries suffering from financial challenges without affecting the outcome