bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Anthrax in Northern Ethiopia: a mixed approach study
Authors: Romha Gebremedhin , Girmay Weldemelak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Anthrax is prioritized as the second diseases in Ethiopia based on its negative impacts at the household level by causing disease or production losses in livestock and sever disease in human. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of anthrax in the communities of Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was concurrently conducted with focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) from May 2019 to April 2020. A total of 862 respondents have participated in the questionnaire survey. Of which, 800 were local community members. While 62 were professionals working at animal and human health service institutions. Likewise, qualitative data were collected using six FGDs and 11 KIIs. Results: sixty two percent (496/800) of the respondents said that they knew the disease anthrax while 38% (304/800) of them did not it. Only 9.3% (74/800) of the respondents reported germ as the causative agent of anthrax. About 56.5% (35/62) of the professional respondents said that the causative agent of the disease was bacteria while 33.9% (21/62) of them did not know it. More than sixty percent (64.1%, 513/800) of the respondents did not know whether the disease was zoonotic or not. Among the listed clinical signs, 26.3% (210/800) and 36.8% (294/800) of the respondents knew at least one signs in animal and human, respectively while 21.3% (170/800) and 20.1% (161/800) knew one or more transmission routes in animal and human respectively. Moreover, 43.4% (347/800) and 45.6% (365/800) of the respondents mentioned one or more control/prevention method in animal and human, respectively. Regarding qualitative results, some of the participants knew the disease (in animals) in their own local names, Lalish and Tafia (splenomegaly), and Gulbus (abdominal cramp and shivering). Some had perceived the disease only as human disease while others recognized after they were told its clinical signs in animals and humans. Conclusion: The KAP of the participants towards anthrax was low. There was no similar understanding of the disease among the participants. The study also revealed that the participants did not get consistent, adequate and continuous health messages regarding the disease.
A Firefly Algorithm Based Hybrid Method for Structural Topology Optimization
Authors: Gebremedhen Hailu Shimels , Woldemichael Dereje Engida , Hashim Fakhruldin Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper a firefly algorithm based hybrid algorithm through retaining global convergence of firefly algorithm and ability of generating connected topologies of optimality criteria (OC) method is proposed as an alternative method to solve stress-based topology optimization problems. Lower and upper limit of design variables (0 and 1) were used to find initial material distribution to initialize firefly algorithm based section of the hybrid algorithm. Input parameters, number of fireflies and number function evaluations were determined before implementation of firefly algorithm to solve formulated problems. Since direct application of firefly algorithm cannot generate connected topologies, outputs from firefly algorithm were used as an initial input material distribution for OC method. The proposed method was validated using two-dimensional benchmark problems and the results were compared with results using OC method. Weight percentage reduction, maximum stress induced, optimal material distribution and compliance were used to compare results. Results from the proposed method showed that the proposed method can generate connected topologies and generated topologies are free from interference of end users, which only dependence on boundary conditions or the design variables. From the results, the objective function (weight of the design domain) can be further reduced in the range of 5% to 15% compared to OC method.
A systematic review of vertical transmission and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mothers with COVID-19
Authors: Bwire* George M. , Njiro Belinda J. , Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Sabas Deodatus , Sunguya Bruno F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, evidence on vertical transmission and natural passive immunity among the newborns exposed to COVID-19 is scanty and varies. This pose a challenge on preventive interventions for the newborns. We conducted a systematic review to first, determine the likelihood of vertical transmission among COVID-19 exposed infants and second, determine whether antibodies against Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/ COVID-19 virus exist among COVID-19 vertically exposed but negative infants. This review registered in PROSPERO searched evidence from PubMed/ MEDLINE and Google Scholar, among others. About 517 studies were retrieved, where only 33 articles (5.8%) qualified for final analysis. A total of 205 infants born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were pooled from 33 eligible studies. Overall, 6.3% (13/205; 95%CI: 3.0%-9.7%) of the infants tested positive for COVID-19 virus at birth. Of 33 eligible studies, 6 studies (18.8%) reported about IgG/IgM against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM were detected in 90% (10/11; 95%CI: 73.9%-107.9%) of infants who had no COVID-19 but vertically exposed. In conclusion, the current evidence revealed a low possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 while antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in most of the infants who had no COVID-19. Further studies on perinatal outcomes and the magnitude of natural passive immunity in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are warranted.
Covid-19 in the second half of pregnancy: prevalence and clinical relevance
Authors: RUGGIERO Marta , SOMIGLIANA Edgardo , TASSIS Beatrice , PIANI Letizia LI , RENTERIA Sara UCEDA , BARBARA Giussy , LUNGHI Giovanna , FERRAZZI Enrico 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Evidence on the prevalence and outcome of Covid-19 in pregnancy is yet inconclusive. To draw more information on this issue, we prospectively recruited 315 consecutive women delivering in a referral hospital located in Lombardy, Italy and evaluated the proportion of women who had Covid-19 in pregnancy. All recruited subjects underwent a nasopharyngeal swab to assess the presence of Sars-Cov-2 using Real-time PCR. In addition, two different type of antibodies for the virus were evaluated in peripheral blood, those against the spike proteins S1 and S2 of the envelope and those against the nucleoprotein of the nucleocapsid. Women were considered to have had Covid-19 in pregnancy if at least one of the assessment was positive. Overall, 28 women had a diagnosis of Covid-19 in pregnancy (8.9%, 95%CI: 6.2-12.5%), in line with the local general population. Women diagnosed with the infection were more likely to report one or more episodes of symptoms suggestive for Covid-19 (n=11, 39.3%) compared to unaffected women (n=39, 13.6%). The corresponding OR was 4.11 (95%CI: 1.79-9.44). Symptoms significantly associated with Covid-19 in pregnancy included fever, cough, dyspnea and anosmia. Only one woman necessitated intensive care. No maternal deaths occurred. Pregnancy outcome in women with and without Covid-19 did not also differ. In conclusion, women in the second half of pregnancy do not appear to be more susceptible to Covid-19 and its complications. In addition, the study suggests that pregnancy outcome may not be significantly affected.
O PROCESSO DE BUSCA DE INVESTIMENTO POR PARTE DE UMA STARTUP VOLTADA A INTEGRAÇÃO DE SAÚDE E TI.
Authors: Maso Nassar Leonardo , ALLANO KRUBNIKI FERRAZ RAULO , Silveira Porto Geciane 
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: descrever o processo de obtenção de investimento anjo por uma startup do segmento da saúde por meio de um relato de experiência, de forma a discutir os avanços e retrocessos ao longo de todo o processo.
Metodologia: foi realizado de relato de experiência da vivência dos autores como diretores de uma startup durante o período de obtenção de investimentos anjo.
Fundamentação teórica: investidores anjo são indivíduos de alto patrimônio líquido que investem seu próprio dinheiro, tempo e experiência diretamente em empreendimentos jovens, na esperança de obter ganhos financeiros. Após a família e os amigos, o investimento de anjo é a maior fonte de financiamento de capital externo na fase de inicialização e crescimento inicial das startups.
Conclusão: a organização estudada buscou escolher perfis de investidores que fossem compatíveis com as necessidades momentâneas da organização. Em todos os investimentos, o fundador buscou obter capital inteligente para o negócio e aumentar a credibilidade da empresa para financiamentos futuros.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Properties of Centaurea africana Lamk var. [Bonnet] M
Authors: Hadjira Sabrina , Mansour Amira , Berkel Caglar , Seghiri Ramdane , Menad Ahmed , Benayache Fadila , Benayache Samir , Cacan Ercan , Ameddah Souad 
Published: June 2020

Background:In Algerian traditional medicine, Centaurea species are well known in traditherapy. Centaurea africana has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders.Objective:This study aims to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative potential of both n-Butanol (BECA) and ethyl acetate (EAECA) extracts of Centaurea africana.Methods:The phytochemical analysis of both BECA and EAECA were explored and the antioxidant activities were investigated by measuring the DPPH° scavenging effect, the reducing power and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by by Fe2+/ ascorbic acid system. The antiinflammatory properties were determined by measuring the NO° scavenging effect and by using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. The antiproliferative activity was studied on HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), OV2008 (human ovarian cancer) and C6 (Rattus norvegicus brain glioma) cell lines using the Sulforhodamine B assay.Results:The total polyphenol contents (TPC) of EAECA and BECA are recorded at 125.24±10.14 and 53.03±2.50 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. Both extracts revealed the antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner; this effect is more pronounced with EAECA. The BECA exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory activity. This anti-inflammatory activity was reflected in a reduction of swelling of carrageenan-evoked edemas (48.45 %), inhibition of nitric oxide (84.7 %), effective decrease in myeloperoxidase activity (58.82 %) and malondialdehyde level (65.58 %). The cytotoxic effect of BECA was found to be more pronounced against C6 cell lines (IC50value: 131.93 μg/mL) while the cytotoxic activity of EAECA was more effective against HT29 and OV2008 cell lines.Conclusion:The obtained results indicated that EAECA exhibited a high antioxidant activity, while BECA has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Both extracts showed cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines at certain concentrations in a cell-specific manner.
Latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot
Authors: Nasrulloh Ahmad , Wicaksono Iswadi Sigit 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan bodyweight dengan Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan one-group pretest-posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah members The Fitlab Hotel Tara. Instrumen yang digunakan leg and back dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tungkai dan punggung, hand grip dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tangan, dan pull and push dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan menarik dan mendorong otot lengan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan analisis uji t (paired sample t test). Hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tungkai sebesar 6,88 %, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot punggung sebesar 10,17%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tangan sebesar 10,4%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan menarik otot lengan sebesar 8,67%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan mendorong otot lengan sebesar 11,26%. Dengan demikian disimpulkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) terhadap peningkatan kekuatan otot yang meliputi peningkatan kekuata otot tungkai, kekuatan otot punggung, kekuatan otot tangan, kekuatan menarik otot lengan, dan kekuatan mendorong otot lengan. The bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) can be improving of muscle strength AbstractThis research aims to determine the effect of bodyweight training with Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) to the Improvement of Muscle Strength. This research used experimental research methods. The research design in this study was using one-group pretest-posttest design. The subject of the study is members of The Fitlab Tara Hotel. The instruments that have been used are leg and back dynamometer for measure the leg and back muscle strength, hand grip dynamometer for measure the hand muscle strength, and pull and push dynamometer for measure the pulling and pushing arm muscle strength. Data analysis techniques used hypothesis testing with t test analysis (paired sample t test). Based on the results of the study obtained, the percentage increase in leg muscle strength is 6.88%, the percentage increase in back muscle strength is 10.17%, the percentage increase in the hand muscle Strength is 10.4%, the percentage increase in the strength of pulling arm muscles is 8,67%, the percentage increase in the strength of pushing arm muscles is 11.26%. Thus, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) on increasing muscle strength including increased strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, strength of hand muscles, strength of pulling arm muscles, and strength of pushing arm muscles.
Teaching Adequate Prehospital Use of Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Gamified e-Learning Module
Authors: Suppan Mélanie , Gartner Birgit , Golay Eric , Stuby Loric , White Marion , Cottet Philippe , Abbas Mohamed , Iten Anne , Harbarth Stephan , Suppan Laurent 
Published: June 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Adequate use of this equipment is more critical than ever because the risk of shortages must be balanced against the need to effectively protect health care workers, including prehospital personnel. Specific training is therefore necessary; however, the need for social distancing has markedly disrupted the delivery of continuing education courses. Electronic learning (e-learning) may provide significant advantages because it requires neither the physical presence of learners nor the repetitive use of equipment for demonstration.

Objective
Inclusion of game mechanics, or “gamification,” has been shown to increase knowledge and skill acquisition. The objective of this research was to develop a gamified e-learning module to interactively deliver concepts and information regarding the correct choice and handling of PPE.

Methods
The SERES framework was used to define and describe the development process, including scientific and design foundations. After we defined the target audience and learning objectives by interviewing the stakeholders, we searched the scientific literature to establish relevant theoretical bases. The learning contents were validated by infection control and prehospital experts. Learning mechanics were then determined according to the learning objectives, and the content that could benefit from the inclusion of game mechanics was identified.

Results
The literature search resulted in the selection and inclusion of 12 articles. In addition to gamification, pretesting, feedback, avoiding content skipping, and demonstrations using embedded videos were used as learning mechanics. Gamification was used to enhance the interactivity of the PPE donning and doffing sequences, which presented the greatest learning challenges. The module was developed with Articulate Storyline 3 to ensure that it would be compatible with a wide array of devices, as this software generates HTML5-compatible output that can be accessed on smartphones, tablets, and regular computers as long as a recent browser is available.

Conclusions
A gamified e-learning module designed to promote better knowledge and understanding of PPE use among prehospital health care workers was created by following the SERES framework. The impact of this module should now be assessed by means of a randomized controlled trial.
The Effects of Accounting Standard Precision, Auditor Task Expertise, and Judgment Frameworks on Audit Firm Litigation Exposure
Authors: Grenier Jonathan H. , Pomeroy Bradley , Stern Matthew T. , Zielinski Natalie B. 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
This article summarizes the published study “The Effects of Accounting Standard Precision, Auditor Task Expertise, and Judgment Frameworks on Audit Firm Litigation Exposure” (Grenier, Pomeroy, and Stern 2015), where the authors examine ways that auditors can defend their judgment during litigation regarding the appropriateness of clients' application of imprecise accounting standards. The authors find that utilizing technical experts will reduce litigation exposure arising from imprecise accounting standards because it is difficult to challenge judgments made by a recognized expert. However, the study also finds that using a framework for making high-quality professional judgments represents a cost-effective alternative to technical expertise, as doing so also constrains jurors' ability to challenge auditors' judgments. In sum, the study suggests that auditors are well equipped to handle the increased litigation exposure associated with imprecise accounting standards, and the ongoing worldwide transition to such standards is unlikely to lead to auditor herding to industry norms.
Refleksjonsloggar i KRLE-faget. Ein studie av reflekterande skriving på niande steget
Authors: Breivega Kjersti Maria Rongen , Myklebust Hege 
Published: June 2020

I denne artikkelen analyserer vi 60 refleksjonsloggtekstar skrivne av niandeklassingar i KRLE- faget som er vurderte som reflekterande av uavhengige lærarinformantar. Vi spør: Kva trekk ved desse 60 elevtekstane kan liggje til grunn for at dei vert oppfatta som ytringar prega av refleksjon? Med utgangspunkt i tidlegare forsking på reflekterande skriving etablerer vi fire analysekategoriar: (1) innhaldsmessig orientering, (2) diskursiv utseiing, (3) evaluerande språkbruk og (4) global tekststruktur. Analysen syner at tekstane er prega av lite personleg og snarare allment enn fagleg innhald, DET-orientert diskursiv utseiing i kombinasjon med eit tydeleg utseiande EG, mykje evaluerande språkbruk og varierte tekstlege grep, som innslag av argumenterande teksttype, samanlikning, eksemplifisering og spørsmålsstilling. Funna våre viser m.a. at det finst likskapar mellom reflekterande og argumenterande skriving som vidare forsking bør avklare.
Studien understrekar vidare kor viktig skriving er som grunnleggjande ferdigheit i KRLE- faget og kva læringspotensial skriving av refleksjonslogg kan ha. Elevane skreiv m.a. fram idear som kan relaterast til to av kjerneelementa i Fagfornyinga, å «Kunne ta andres perspektiv» og «Etisk refleksjon».
English abstract
Reflection logs in the Norwegian school subject Christian and other religious and ethical education (CREE).
A study of reflective writing in the 9th grade In this article we analyze 60 reflection log texts written by ninth graders in the subject “Christian and other religious and ethical education” (CREE), texts assessed as reflective by independent teacher informants. We pose the question: Which features in these 60 student texts may be the reason why they were assessed as reflective utterances? Based on previous research on reflective writing, we developed four analytic categories: (1) content features, (2) discursive enunciation (3) evaluative stance and (4) global text structure. The analysis shows that the texts are characterized by scarce personal content and often more general content than specifically subject-relevant, IT-oriented discursive enunciation combined with a clear uttering “I”, frequent use of evaluative stance, a various range of textual features like instances of argumentative text type, comparisons, exemplifications and questioning. Our findings suggest striking similarities between reflective and argumentative writing, which further research should seek to clarify.
Furthermore, this study stresses the importance of writing as a key competency in the CREE subject and the learning potential of reflections logs. For instance, the students developed ideas related to two of the core elements in the CREE subject, namely the “Ability to take the perspective of others” and “Ethic reflection”.
Ikääntyvien kuntoutujien fyysinen aktiivisuus ja paikallaanolo laitoskuntoutusjakson aikana
Authors: Turunen Katri , Anttila Marjo-Riitta , Kumpumäki Jenni , Rantalainen Timo , Pekkonen Mika , Juutinen Finni Taija , Sipilä Sarianna 
Published: June 2020

Fyysinen aktiivisuus on tärkeää sairauksista, vammoista tai heikentyneestä elämänhallinnasta kuntoutuessa ja ylläpidettäessä saavutettuja kuntoutumistuloksia. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ikääntyvien kuntoutujien fyysistä aktiivisuutta ja paikallaanoloa kuntoutuslaitoksessa. Tutkimus toteutettiin työkykyä ylläpitävän ja parantavan valmennuksen ja sydänkuntoutuksen kursseilla. Tutkimukseen osallistui 19 keskimäärin 57-vuotiasta miestä ja naista, joiden fyysistä aktiivisuutta ja paikallaanolo aikaa mitattiin kiihtyvyysanturilla viiden kuntoutuspäivän aikana. Tulokset osoittivat, että kuntoutujat olivat liikkumatta suurimman osan hereillä oloajasta. Toisaalta kuntoutujille kertyi lähes viikoittaisen terveysliikuntasuositusten mukainen määrä liikuntaa keskimäärin päivittäin. Verrattuna vastaavan ikäisiin suomalaisiin keskimäärin, kurssilaiset olivat fyysisesti aktiivisempia jakson aikana.
Tutkimuksen tuottamaa tietoa voidaan hyödyntää suunnitellessa hyvän kuntoutuskäytännön mukaisia, yhtäjaksoista paikallaan oloa vähentäviä intensiivijaksoja kuntoutuslaitoksissa. Jatkossa on tärkeää mitata fyysistä aktiivisuutta ja paikallaanoloa intensiivijaksojen välisinä aikoina kuntoutujien arjessa sekä selvittää fyysisen aktiivisuuden merkitystä kuntoutumistavoitteiden saavuttamisessa ja ylläpitämisessä. Lisäksi on tärkeää selvittää kuntoutuksen vaikutuksia fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja paikallaanoloon satunnaistetuissa kontrolloiduissa koeasetelmissa.
Media Studies the Nordic Way: Formations and futures
Authors: Drotner Kirsten 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Based on an overview of Anglo-American stocktaking of media and communication studies, this article situates Nordic media studies as a third route staked out between academic binaries of administrative and critical approaches. The key argument is this: Nordic media studies displays distinctive features of development that are shaped by Nordic welfarist ideals from the 1970s and 1980s rather than by international trends in the academy. Furthermore, these ideals are worth holding on to if the field of media studies is to thrive with quality and relevance in a globalised, connected, and deeply datafied platform society. I take media studies – not communication studies – as my point of departure, since this is the most feasible umbrella term when studying current modes of communication that are technologically mediated in ways that can be stored, shaped, and shared across time and space.