bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico Studies on Structural Function of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Through Docking Approach, Towards Designing Drug for Treating Obesity
Authors: Dieudonne Mutangana , Narcisse Musafili , Gaetan Nyurahayo Jean , Jean Pierre Munyampundu 
Published: July 2020

Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 is a G-protein coupled protein receptor expressed in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta, part of the nervous system that regulates feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. It is involved in the stimulation of appetite, this was seen when synthetic MCHR1 or MCH was administered to mice and it resulted in induced obesity due to the enhanced feeding. Many researchers have successfully find out the functions of several proteins, using computational approach. It is in this context that in this study the structural function of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 through docking studies has been done to make sure that those who are working to address the problem of obesity while trying to discover the effective drugs gain much insight about this receptor. The in silico methods have been used to predict the model of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1. The template used for model prediction was human delta opioid receptor with the accession number 4N6H. The predicted model has been evaluated and found to be of good quality. Docking was done to investigate the interaction between the ligand; a bifunctional peptide ‘1-oleoyl-r-glycerol’ and the predicted model of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 which showed that fourteen residues interacted between the predicted model and ligand. Among interacting residues, it was realized that some of them are involved in sugar metabolism. Thus this study suggests a potential candidate for drug design against cancer and diabetes.
Keywords: obesity, MCHR-1, docking, structural function, 3D structure, phylogenetic analysis, interacting residues
Chromium-Dependent Effect on Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Fe-Based Superalloy for Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbine Applications: Influence of Temperature and Pure Steam
Authors: Xu Yaxin , Lu Jintao , Li Wenya , Yang Zhen , Gu Yuefeng 
Published: July 2020

Three Ni-Fe-based superalloys with 16 wt% to 18 wt% Cr were designed for steam turbine components in advanced ultra-supercritical power plants. The oxidation behavior of these alloys was evaluated at 750°C to 850°C for 1,000 h to explore the chromium-dependent effect on the oxidation behavior in static air and pure steam. The results reveal that the oxidation rate of the alloys decreased as the Cr content increased in both the air and steam environment. However, such a beneficial effect of Cr was found to be temperature-dependent, which became less significant when the exposure temperature increased from 750°C to 850°C, leading to the formation of an additional NiFe2O4 layer and severe internal Al2O3/TiO2 oxide. The impact of temperature and pure steam on the oxidation resistance of the alloys were discussed based on the calculation of critical Cr concentration.
El Cuadro de Mando Integral como herramienta para gestores deportivos: un acercamiento desde el béisbol cubano
Authors: Ramos Acevedo IN. , Madrigal Castro AD. , González Quesada O. , Figueredo Toledano RW. , Rodríguez-Gallo Martínez Y. , Barroceta de Rojas CR. , Gómez Tejeda Y. 
Published: July 2020

El estudio de la Administración como ciencia y su contextualización en el terreno deportivo, es determinante en la actualidad para el éxito de los gestores deportivos. Si, con anterioridad, solo eran tenidos en cuenta determinados indicadores de juego en la evaluación del resultado de un equipo, hoy se abre el horizonte a otras perspectivas. Tal es el caso del empleo del Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI), el cual se ha convertido poco a poco en herramienta para traducir la estrategia en acciones y para el control de la gestión en estas organizaciones. Su uso permite combinar la evaluación de resultados deportivos con aspectos como la motivación o preparación de atletas y técnicos; la percepción o satisfacción de los aficionados; el cumplimiento de la responsabilidad social, o los resultados financieros. Este artículo es fruto de las reflexiones, experiencias y revisión de la literatura, con un acercamiento al contexto del béisbol cubano.
The study of Management as a Science and its contextualization in the sport field is essential at present for the success of the sport managers. Previously only certain kinds of game indicators were considered in the evaluation of the team results but today new horizons are opened to other perspectives. The use of the Balanced Scorecard as a tool to translate the strategy into actions and also for the control management in the organizations has been extended all over the sport world. It also enables the control and evaluation of some aspects as the motivation and the preparation of the athletes and technicians, the perception and the satisfaction of the fans, the fulfillment of the social responsibility or the financial results. This article is the result of some reflections, experiences and the literature review, allowing an approach to the current Cuban baseball context.
Décrochage scolaire en France : quel rôle pour les contextes locaux ?
Authors: di Paola Vanessa , Moullet Stéphanie 
Published: July 2020

Cet article vise à améliorer la connaissance des facteurs de risque du décrochage scolaire en France en prenant en compte les effets du contexte territorial, et ce, par le recours à la modélisation multiniveaux. Son originalité est d’étudier, d’une part, les conséquences potentielles de certaines caractéristiques du territoire sur ce risque et d’examiner, d’autre part, si le milieu d’origine – caractérisé par la catégorie socioprofessionnelle et le diplôme des parents – influe différemment en fonction du contexte territorial. À partir des données de l’enquête Génération 2010 portant sur les jeunes sortis du système éducatif français à cette date, on montre que les origines socio-économiques mais aussi celles culturelles agissent sur le risque de quitter l’école sans diplôme plutôt qu’avec un diplôme de l’enseignement secondaire. En outre, les caractéristiques territoriales que sont le taux de chômage juvénile, le niveau de la pauvreté ainsi que la norme d’achèvement des études ont des effets avérés sur le risque de décrocher et elles interagissent avec le rôle du milieu d’origine, en particulier celui des origines culturelles. Ainsi, les caractéristiques défavorisées du territoire (plus fort taux de chômage juvénile, niveau de pauvreté élevé, norme éducative faible) amplifient l’effet des inégalités sociales sur le risque qu’ont les jeunes de quitter l’école précocement.
Voter à l’échelle municipale au Québec : significations et portée chez certains jeunes électeurs
Authors: Breux Sandra , Vallette Salomé 
Published: July 2020

Au Québec, les élections municipales se caractérisent par la faible mobilisation qu’elles suscitent. Cette réalité est encore plus frappante chez les jeunes électeurs. Si les causes de cette abstention demeurent encore largement méconnues, la spécificité de l’échelle municipale est souvent mise de l’avant. Ce constat invite à délaisser les analyses plus traditionnelles du vote pour considérer l’acte électoral comme un geste symbolique d’identification à un territoire, porteur d’un ensemble de valeurs, susceptibles de diverger selon l’âge de l’électeur. L’objectif de notre propos est ainsi de saisir ce que signifie, pour les jeunes électeurs, l’acte de voter à l’échelle municipale. À partir de la passation de questionnaires et de la réalisation de six groupes de discussions avec des électeurs âgés en moyenne de 20,7 ans et étudiant à Montréal, notre recherche met en évidence le rôle crucial que jouent la quantité et la nature de l’information politique dans les représentations des jeunes. Aux yeux de nos répondants, l’échelle municipale est peu lisible, peu accessible et ne sous-tend pas de réel projet politique – contrairement à l’échelle provinciale et dans une moindre mesure et de façon très différente, à l’échelle fédérale. Si l’influence parentale se fait sentir dans la mobilisation de certains, votants ou abstentionnistes affichent leur volonté d’être davantage informés sur ce niveau de gouvernement.
Effects of 4% Ethanol Sclerosing Injection on Morton's Neuroma: A Histologic Study
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Bains Rickinder S. , Grebenyuk Faye-Rose , Patel Shrunjay , Nguyen Tea 
Published: July 2020

Background
Nonoperational treatments for Morton's neuroma remain controversial because it is believed that sclerosing injections do not change nerve fibers on a cellular level. Up to 80% success rates with 4% ethanol sclerosing have been documented, and the remainder required operational removal of the painful nerve. We sought to evaluate the histologic characteristics of Morton's neuromas treated with 4% ethanol sclerosing injection versus corticosteroid injection alone in patients who required removal of the nerve for pain relief.

Methods
A retrospective histologic review was performed of 23 consecutive patients who were treated with either sclerosing injection or nonsclerosing injection and underwent nerve removal between September 1, 2012, and February 28, 2015.

Results
Of 19 patients who met the inclusion criteria, eight received sclerosing injections and 11 received nonsclerosing injections. Intraneural fibrosis was more severe in the nonsclerosing injection group (P = .008).

Conclusion
Histologic changes are seen in Morton's neuroma with the use of 4% ethanol sclerosing injection, contrary to findings from previous studies.
Health- Seeking Behaviour among Caregivers in Treatment of Childhood Malaria in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Udujih O. G. , Udujih H. I. , Ukaga C. N. , Iwuala C. C. 
Published: July 2020

Aim: The health seeking behavior in the treatment of childhood malaria was assessed to investigate influence of educational level and occupation of caregivers on choice of health services.
Methodology: Between September, 2005 and January, 2008 in two Local Government Areas of Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 6259 respondents were interviewed through household survey of caregivers domiciled in the communities in the study area.
Results: Result showed the major malaria management practices in the study area to include; use of herbs from local healers, buying of over the counter anti-malarials from pharmacies and attendance to hospitals/clinics. The result also revealed that majority (35.4%) of respondents went to pharmacies for the treatment of their children while 27.1% of respondents were self-medicating. Some (9.8%) of the caregivers used herbs, while 3.7% visited both herbalists and hospitals. The malaria management practices differed significantly (P<.05) among occupational groups and educational levels.
Conclusion: There should therefore be intensive and sustained public health education aimed at improving attitudes of care givers towards the use of health facilities for timely treatment of childhood malaria.
Whole‐exome and HLA sequencing in Febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Helbig Ingo , Barcia Giulia , Pendziwiat Manuela , Ganesan Shiva , Mueller Stefanie H. , Helbig Katherine L. , Vaidiswaran Priya , Xian Julie , Galer Peter D. , Afawi Zaid , Specchio Nicola , Kluger Gerhard , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Appenzeller Silke , Wittig Michael , Kramer Uri , van Baalen Andreas , Nabbout Rima ,   FIRES Genetics Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractFebrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a devastating epilepsy characterized by new‐onset refractory status epilepticus with a prior febrile infection. We performed exome sequencing in 50 individuals with FIRES, including 27 patient–parent trios and 23 single probands, none of whom had pathogenic variants in established genes for epilepsies or neurodevelopmental disorders. We also performed HLA sequencing in 29 individuals with FIRES and 529 controls, which failed to identify prominent HLA alleles. The genetic architecture of FIRES is substantially different from other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and the underlying etiology remains elusive, requiring novel approaches to identify the underlying causative factors.
Impact of Processing on Structural and Compositional Evolution in Mixed Metal Halide Perovskites during Film Formation
Authors: Abdelsamie Maged , Xu Junwei , Bruening Karsten , Tassone Christopher J. , Steinrück Hans‐Georg , Toney Michael F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding crystallization processes and their pathways in metal‐halide perovskites is of crucial importance as this strongly affects the film microstructure, its stability, and device performance. While many approaches are developed to control perovskite formation, the mechanisms of film formation are still poorly known. Using time‐resolved in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, the film formation of perovskites is investigated with average stoichiometry Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3, where FA is formamidinium, using the popular antisolvent dropping and gas jet treatments and this is contrasted with untreated films. i) The crystallization pathways during spin coating, ii) the subsequent postdeposition thermal annealing, and iii) crystallization during blade coating are studied. The findings reveal that the formation of a nonperovskite FAPbI3 phase during spin coating is initially dominant regardless of the processing and that the processing treatment (e.g., antisolvent dropping, gas jet) has a significant impact on the as‐cast film structure and affects the phase evolution during subsequent thermal treatment. It is shown that blade coating can be used to overcome the nonperovskite phase formation via solvothermal direct crystallization of perovskite phase. This work shows how real‐time investigation of perovskite formation can help to establish processing–microstructure–functionality relationships.
Ferrimagnetic Skyrmions in Topological Insulator/Ferrimagnet Heterostructures
Authors: Wu Hao , Groß Felix , Dai Bingqian , Lujan David , Razavi Seyed Armin , Zhang Peng , Liu Yuxiang , Sobotkiewich Kemal , Förster Johannes , Weigand Markus , Schütz Gisela , Li Xiaoqin , Gräfe Joachim , Wang Kang L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial chiral spin textures that have potential applications in next‐generation energy‐efficient and high‐density spintronic devices. In general, the chiral spins of skyrmions are stabilized by the noncollinear Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), originating from the inversion symmetry breaking combined with the strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Here, the strong SOC from topological insulators (TIs) is utilized to provide a large interfacial DMI in TI/ferrimagnet heterostructures at room temperature, resulting in small‐size (radius ≈ 100 nm) skyrmions in the adjacent ferrimagnet. Antiferromagnetically coupled skyrmion sublattices are observed in the ferrimagnet by element‐resolved scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy, showing the potential of a vanishing skyrmion Hall effect and ultrafast skyrmion dynamics. The line‐scan spin profile of the single skyrmion shows a Néel‐type domain wall structure and a 120 nm size of the 180° domain wall. This work demonstrates the sizable DMI and small skyrmions in TI‐based heterostructures with great promise for low‐energy spintronic devices.
Seawater Degradable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Blue Energy
Authors: Chen Guangyao , Xu Liang , Zhang Panpan , Chen Baodong , Wang Gexia , Ji Junhui , Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have been proposed as the most promising technology to harvest water wave energy, i.e., the so‐called blue energy. Dielectric polymers are typically required for TENG to create static charges, which, however, may produce plastic litters to the ocean after its service. In this work, seawater degradable dielectric polymers are investigated for the applications in TENGs. A promising polymer blend (noted as PLA/PLGA), consisted from seawater‐degradation‐favorable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and nonseawater‐degradable polylatic acid (PLA), shows a mild rate degradation in seawater and complete weight loss within 9 months. Furthermore, the PLA/PLGA is found to be tribo‐positive with excellent electrification properties, and is mechanically robust. Then, a hollow‐plate‐shaped seawater degradable TENG (SD‐TENG) is designed using PLA/PLGA as the electrification layer and Mg as the electrode, which demonstrates the ability to convert water wave vibration energy into electricity. This SD‐TENG demonstrates a clean approach to exploit the ocean wave energy, and may supply power for future temporary marine instruments without maintenances and environmental damages.
The evolution of palate shape in the Lepilemur‐Cheirogaleidae clade (Primates: Strepsirrhini)
Authors: Andrews Curswan , Masters Judith C. , Génin Fabien , Couette Sébastien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesPhylogenies consistently group the folivorous Lepilemur species with the small‐bodied insectivorous‐frugivorous cheirogaleids. Juvenile lepilemurs and adult cheirogaleids share allometries in most aspects of skull morphology, except the palate. We investigated potential influences on palate shape in these taxa and several outgroups using geometric morphometrics.Materials and MethodsOur sample included representatives of four extant strepsirrhine families, Cheirogaleidae (including Lepilemurinae), Lemuridae, Indriidae, and Galagidae, and one subfossil Megaladapis. Our dataset comprised 32 landmarks collected from 397 specimens representing 15 genera and 28 species, and was analyzed using generalized procrustes analyses and between group principal component analysis. We explored the influence of size, phylogeny, diet, and the propagation of loud vocalizations on palate shape.ResultsWhile congeneric species clustered within the morphospace, the phylomorphospace did not mirror molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of higher‐order relationships. Four palate forms were distinguished within the Cheirogaleidae. Diet, strongly linked to body size, had the single greatest influence on palate shape. The production of long‐distance advertisement calls was most often associated with positive scores on the PC1 axis.DiscussionOur results suggest that the extensive variation in palate shape among Cheirogaleidae is related to dietary shifts that accompanied changes in body size during the clade's radiation. Molecular phylogenies indicate that cheirogaleid diversification involved repeated dwarfing events, which in turn drove dietary shifts from ancestral folivory‐frugivory to frugivory, gummivory, and faunivory in the descendant species. The elongated Lepilemur palate is probably related to accelerated eruption of the cheek teeth to render juveniles competent to shear leaves upon weaning.
An internally validated diagnostic tool for acute invasive fungal sinusitis
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Spillinger Aviv , Lees Katherine A. , Bailey Kent R. , Choby Garret , O'Brien Erin K. , Stokken Janalee K. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAcute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a potentially life‐threatening diagnosis in immunocompromised patients. Identifying patients who could benefit from evaluation and intervention can be challenging for referring providers and otolaryngologists alike. We aimed to develop and validate an accessible diagnostic tool to estimate the probability of AIFS.MethodsRetrospective chart review from 1999 to 2017 identified all patients evaluated for possible AIFS at a tertiary care center. AIFS was diagnosed by pathologic confirmation of fungal tissue angioinvasion. Stepwise selection and univariate logistic regression were used to screen risk factors for a multivariable predictive model. Model performance was assessed using Tukey's goodness‐of‐fit test and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). Model coefficients were internally validated using bootstrapping with 1000 iterations.ResultsA total of 283 patients (244 negative controls, 39 with AIFS) were included. Risk factors in our final diagnostic model included: fever ≥38°C (log‐odds ratio [LOR] 1.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 2.90), unilateral facial swelling, pain, or erythema (LOR 2.84; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.23), involvement of the orbit or pterygopalatine fossa on imaging (LOR 3.02; 95% CI, 1.78 to 4.26), and mucosal necrosis seen on endoscopy (LOR 5.52; 95% CI, 3.81 to 7.24), with p < 0.01 for all factors. The model had adequate goodness of fit (p > 0.05) and discrimination (AUC = 0.96).ConclusionWe present an internally validated diagnostic tool to stratify the risk for AIFS. The estimated risk may help determine which patients can be observed with serial nasal endoscopy, which ones could be biopsied, and which ones would benefit from immediate surgical intervention.
Iron‐Catalyzed, Iminyl Radical‐Triggered Cascade 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer/(5+2) or (5+1) Annulation: Oxime as a Five‐Atom Assembling Unit
Authors: Liang Wu , Jiang Kun , Du Fei , Yang Jie , Shuai Li , Ouyang Qin , Chen Ying‐Chun , Wei Ye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBy integration of iminyl radical‐triggered 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer and (5+2) or (5+1) annulation processes, a series of structurally novel and interesting azepine and spiro‐tetrahydropyridine derivatives have been successfully prepared in moderate to good yields. This method utilizes FeCl2 as the catalyst and readily available oximes as five‐atom units, while showcasing broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The annulation products can be easily converted into many valuable compounds. Moreover, DFT calculation studies are performed to provide some insights into the possible reaction mechanisms for the (5+2) and (5+1) annulations.
Mediated Drug Release from Nanovehicles by Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Efficient Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Li Zhibin , Luo Guanghong , Hu Wei‐Ping , Hua Jian‐Lan , Geng Shengyong , Chu Paul K. , Zhang Jing , Wang Huaiyu , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an intractable disease involving a sticky mucus layer and nanoagents with mucus‐penetrating capability offer a new way to deliver drugs. However, drug release from nanovehicles requires optimization to enhance the therapeutic effects of COPD therapy. Herein, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are combined with PEGylated chitosan nanospheres containing the antibiotic amikacin (termed PEG@CS/BPQDs‐AM NPs). As a drug‐delivery system, the hydrophilicity of PEG and positive charge of CS facilitate the penetration of nanovehicles through the mucus layer. The nanovehicles then adhere to the mucous membrane. Furthermore, the BPQDs degrade rapidly into nontoxic PO43− and acidic H+, thereby promoting the dissociation of PEGylated CS nanospheres, accelerating the release of AM, decreasing the vitality of biofilms for ease of eradication. Our results reveal that drug delivery mediated by BPQDs is a feasible and desirable strategy for precision medicine and promising for the clinical therapy of COPD.