bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Communities of Dynamical Influence
Authors: Clark Ruaridh , Punzo Giuliano , Macdonald Malcolm 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFuelled by a desire for greater connectivity, networked systems now pervade our society at an unprecedented level that will affect it in ways we do not yet understand. In contrast, nature has already developed efficient networks that can instigate rapid response and consensus when key elements are stimulated. We present a technique for identifying these key elements by investigating the relationships between a system’s most dominant eigenvectors. This approach reveals the most effective vertices for leading a network to rapid consensus when stimulated, as well as the communities that form under their dynamical influence. In applying this technique, the effectiveness of starling flocks was found to be due, in part, to the low outdegree of every bird, where increasing the number of outgoing connections can produce a less responsive flock. A larger outdegree also affects the location of the birds with the most influence, where these influentially connected birds become more centrally located and in a poorer position to observe a predator and, hence, instigate an evasion manoeuvre. Finally, the technique was found to be effective in large voxel-wise brain connectomes where subjects can be identified from their influential communities.
Eurotium Cristatum Fermented Okara as a Potential Food Ingredient to Combat Diabetes
Authors: Chan Li Yan , Takahashi Masaki , Lim Pei Jean , Aoyama Shinya , Makino Saneyuki , Ferdinandus Ferdinandus , Ng Shi Ya Clara , Arai Satoshi , Fujita Hideaki , Tan Hong Chang , Shibata Shigenobu , Lee Chi-Lik Ken 
Published: November 2019

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease, and dietary modification is a crucial part of disease management. Okara is a sustainable source of fibre-rich food. Most of the valorization research on okara focused more on the physical attributes instead of the possible health attributes. The fermentation of okara using microbes originated from food source, such as tea, sake, sufu and yoghurt, were explored here. The aim of this study is to investigate fermented okara as a functional food ingredient to reduce blood glucose levels. Fermented and non-fermented okara extracts were analyzed using the metabolomic approach with UHPLC-QTof-MSE. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the anthraquinones, emodin and physcion, served as potential markers and differentiated Eurotium cristatum fermented okara (ECO) over other choices of microbes. The in-vitro α-glucosidase activity assays and in-vivo mice studies showed that ECO can reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. A 20% ECO loading crispy snack prototype revealed a good nutrition composition and could serve as a fundamental formulation for future antidiabetes recipe development, strengthening the hypothesis that ECO can be used as a novel food ingredient for diabetic management.
Adverse effects of dasatinib on glucose-lipid metabolism in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in the chronic phase
Authors: Yu Lu , Liu Jing , Huang Xiaojun , Jiang Qian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo explore the differences in glucose-lipid metabolism profiles among the 3 TKIs, we designed a retrospective study to compare the onset of hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyper-low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterolemia in the patients with normal baseline glucose-lipid profiles and had no medical record of cardio- or cerebro-vascular diseases and/or metabolic syndrome diseases, and identify variables associated with them. 370 chronic myeloid leukaemia patients receiving dasatinib, nilotinib or imatinib therapy ≥3 months were retrospectively reviewed. During TKI-therapy, the mean fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels increased significantly in both dasatinib and nilotinib cohorts compared with the imatinib cohort. In multivariate analyses, dasatinib was the factor significantly associated with both poor hyperglycaemia- and hypertriglyceridemia-free survival. In addition, nilotinib was significantly associated with more occurrences of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolemia; increasing age was significantly associated with more occurrences of hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We concluded that dasatinib, similar to nilotinib, has the adverse impact on glucose-lipid metabolism compared with imatinib.
Frontal theta-gamma ratio is a sensitive index of concussion history in athletes on tasks of visuo-motor control
Authors: Poltavski Dmitri , Bernhardt Kyle , Mark Christopher , Biberdorf David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPatients with mTBI often show deficits in executive function and changes in neural activity. Similar changes in those with a history of mTBI (i.e. concussion), however, have not been consistently reported. Frontal theta-to-gamma frequency ratio has shown promise in EEG research in predicting performance on working memory tasks. In the present study we explored the sensitivity of the frontal theta-to-gamma relative power spectral density (PSD) ratio to the history of concussion in 81 youth athletes (18 with a history of concussion, ages 13–18) during the tests of the Nike Sensory Training Station that vary in working memory and processing speed demands and motor output requirements. The results showed that the theta-to-gamma relative PSD ratio was significantly lower in the concussion history group on the tests of target capture, perception span and hand reaction time. A principle component analysis further indicated that this metric reflects an underlying dimension shared by several visuo-motor control tests of the Nike battery. The results suggested persistent deficits in psychomotor ability in the athletes with a history of concussion that may have implications for diagnosis, rehabilitation and athletic training.
Effects of SiO2 content on the nanomechanical properties of CoCrPt-SiO2 granular films
Authors: Zhang Youfeng , Shakil Ahmad , Wang Hongbo , Li Xinwei , Tang Huan , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCoCrPt material is used for perpendicular magnetic recording media due to its high magneto-crystalline anisotropy that brings good thermal stability on the media. The addition of SiO2between the CoCrPt grains offers benefits including lower noise and better thermal stability. It has been reported that the SiO2content has strong effects on the media’s recording performance such as coercivity, anisotropy and noise. In this work, we focus on studying the effects of the SiO2content on the nanomechanical properties of the media which are critical for the head-disk interface reliability. Variations of these properties with SiO2content provide guidelines for optimum designs considering both recording and mechanical interface performance.
Kinetics of alkoxysilanes hydrolysis: An empirical approach
Authors: Issa Ahmed A. , El-Azazy Marwa , Luyt Adriaan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlkoxysilanes and organoalkoxysilanes are primary materials in several industries, e.g. coating, anti-corrosion treatment, fabrication of stationary phase for chromatography, and coupling agents. The hydrolytic polycondensation reactions and final product can be controlled by adjusting the hydrolysis reaction, which was investigated under a variety of conditions, such as different alkoxysilanes, solvents, and catalysts by using gas chromatography. The hydrolysis rate of alkoxysilanes shows a dependence on the alkoxysilane structure (especially the organic attachments), solvent properties, and the catalyst dissociation constant and solubility. Some of the alkoxysilanes exhibit intramolecular catalysis. Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the enhancement of the hydrolysis reaction, as well as the dipole moment of the alkoxysilanes, especially in acetonitrile. There is a relationship between the experimentally calculated polarity by the Taft equation and the reactivity, but it shows different responses depending on the solvent. It was found that negative and positive charges are respectively accumulated in the transition state in alkaline and acidic media. The reaction mechanisms are somewhat different from those previously suggested. Finally, it was found that enthalpy–entropy compensation (EEC) effect and isokinetic relationships (IKR) are exhibited during the hydrolysis of CTES in different solvents and catalysts; therefore, the reaction has a linear free energy relationship (LFER).
Titanium production by magnesium thermal reduction in the electroslag process
Authors: Platacis Ernests , Kaldre Imants , Blumbergs Ervīns , Goldšteins Linards , Serga Vera 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTitanium is widely used in specific applications due to its high strength, low density and good chemical stability. Despite it is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, it is very expensive, because production of pure metallic titanium is very complex. Kroll process is the way how most of the titanium is produced nowadays. Shortages of this process are that it is batch process and it is very energy exhaustive, because titanium sponge material after reduction reaction needs complex post processing to isolate pure titanium. In this work we describe and experimentally investigate technology for Ti production from titanium tetrachloride using combined Kroll and electroslag process. Such process allows to achieve better reaction product separation by molten slag and process can potentially be continuous, thus technological process to produce metallic titanium can be significantly shortened.
A new perspective on fungal metabolites: identification of bioactive compounds from fungi using zebrafish embryogenesis as read-out
Authors: Hoeksma Jelmer , Misset Tim , Wever Christie , Kemmink Johan , Kruijtzer John , Versluis Kees , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Boons Geert Jan , Heck Albert J. R. , Boekhout Teun , den Hertog Jeroen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a constant need for new therapeutic compounds. Fungi have proven to be an excellent, but underexplored source for biologically active compounds with therapeutic potential. Here, we combine mycology, embryology and chemistry by testing secondary metabolites from more than 10,000 species of fungi for biological activity using developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Zebrafish development is an excellent model for high-throughput screening. Development is rapid, multiple cell types are assessed simultaneously and embryos are available in high numbers. We found that 1,526 fungal strains produced secondary metabolites with biological activity in the zebrafish bioassay. The active compounds from 39 selected fungi were purified by liquid-liquid extraction and preparative HPLC. 34 compounds were identified by a combination of chemical analyses, including LCMS, UV-Vis spectroscopy/ spectrophotometry, high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR. Our results demonstrate that fungi express a wide variety of biologically active compounds, consisting of both known therapeutic compounds as well as relatively unexplored compounds. Understanding their biological activity in zebrafish may provide insight into underlying biological processes as well as mode of action. Together, this information may provide the first step towards lead compound development for therapeutic drug development.
Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of Orange G dye over ZnO and Ag/ZnO thin film catalysts
Authors: Tekin Derya , Tekin Taner , Kiziltas Hakan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe degradation of water pollutants with photocatalysts is one of the most studied subjects in the past 20 years. Although considerable studies have been completed in this field, kinetic model studies are still a major inadequacy. In this study, ZnO and Ag/ZnO thin film photocatalysts were synthesized and SEM-EDS, XRD and chronoamperometric measurements were used the characterization of photocatalysts. The network kinetic model was applied the photocatalytic degradation of Orange G using ZnO and Ag/ZnO thin film photocatalysts. The photocatalytic degradation of Orange G was investigated under the different reaction medium (initial dye concentrations, temperature, light intensity). It was found that the network kinetic model is the most appropriate model for the degradation of Orange G dye on the ZnO and Ag/ZnO thin film photocatalysts. The calculated adsorption equilibrium (KB) constant and activation energy of ZnO thin film photocatalyst are 0.0191 and 21.76 kj/mol, respectively. Additionally, the calculated values for Ag/ZnO thin film photocatalyst are 0.035 and 18.32 kj/mol. The general rate equations were determined for each photocatalysts.
Biodiversity breakpoints along stress gradients in estuaries and associated shifts in ecosystem interactions
Authors: Douglas Emily J. , Lohrer Andrew M. , Pilditch Conrad A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDenitrification in coastal sediments can provide resilience to eutrophication in estuarine ecosystems, but this key ecosystem function is impacted directly and indirectly by increasing stressors. The erosion and loading of fine sediments from land, resulting in sedimentation and elevated sediment muddiness, presents a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Impacts on biodiversity with increasing sediment mud content are relatively well understood, but corresponding impacts on denitrification are uncharacterised. Soft sediment ecosystems have a network of interrelated biotic and abiotic ecosystem components that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, but these components (especially biodiversity measures) and their relationships with ecosystem functions are sensitive to stress. With a large dataset spanning broad environmental gradients this study uses interaction network analysis to present a mechanistic view of the ecological interactions that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, showing significant changes above and below a stressor (mud) threshold. Our models demonstrate that positive biodiversity effects become more critical with a higher level of sedimentation stress, and show that effective ecosystem management for resilience requires different action under different scenarios.
Increased heart fibrosis and acute infection in a murine Chagas disease model associated with organophosphorus pesticide metabolite exposure
Authors: Medina-Buelvas Dunia Margarita , Estrada-Muñiz Elizabet , Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam , Shibayama Mineko , Vega Libia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome reports suggest that exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides increases the incidence of infections. Ethylated dialkylphosphates (EtDAPs) are metabolites of OP pesticides widely distributed with immunomodulatory potential. Chagas disease is produced byTrypanosoma cruziparasites, and resolution of this infection requires the activation of inflammatory macrophages (MΦ), which results in cardiac fibrosis. Some reports indicate that EtDAPs increase the amount of the anti-inflammatory alternatively activated MΦ (M2; CD206+F4/80+). Therefore, we analyzed the course ofT. cruziinfection, MΦ profiles from peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the heart of BALB/c mice exposed to diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) or diethylphosphate (DEP, 0.01 g/kg), common DAPs produced by OP pesticides, 24 h before infection withT. cruzi. We found that DEDTP increased the parasite burden in blood by 99% at the peak of the infection and enhanced the myocardial damage due to an increase in infiltrated inflammatory cells (induced by DEDTP or DETP) and fibrosis (induced by EtDAPs). In the PECs, exposure to EtDAPs increased the proportion of the MΦ subpopulations of M2a, M2b and M2d, which are associated with tissue repair. These results indicate that exposure to EtDAPs can exacerbate the acute phase of a parasitic infection and increase the long-term damage to the heart.
Emulating optical cycling centers in polyatomic molecules
Authors: Li Ming , Kłos Jacek , Petrov Alexander , Kotochigova Svetlana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn optical cycling center (OCC) is a recently coined term to indicate two electronic states within a complex quantum object that can repeatedly experience optical laser excitation and spontaneous decay, while being well isolated from its environment. Here we present a quantitative understanding of electronic, vibrational, and rotational excitations of the polyatomic SrOH molecule, which possesses a localized OCC near its Sr atom. In particular, we describe the vibrationally dependent trends in the Franck–Condon factors of the bending and stretching modes of the molecular electronic states coupled in the optical transition. These simulations required us to perform electronic structure calculations of the multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces of both ground and excited states, the determination of vibrational and bending modes, and corresponding Franck–Condon factors. We also discuss the extent to which the optical cycling center has diagonal Franck–Condon factors.
Patients' Perspectives About the Acceptability and Effectiveness of Audiologist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis Rehabilitation
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Bryant Christina , Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: November 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the views of patients who completed audiologist-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) about (a) the effectiveness of the treatment, (b) the acceptability of receiving CBT from audiologists, and (c) the most effective treatment components.

Design
This was a service evaluation survey with a cross-sectional design.

Study Sample
The study population comprised 40 consecutive adult patients who received a full course of audiologist-delivered CBT for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis management at a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Specialist Clinic in the United Kingdom over a 1-year period. Thirty-one of 40 patients who attended their final session as planned completed the survey questionnaire.

Data Collection and Analysis

As a part of their routine care, all patients completed a wide range of questionnaires before and after receiving audiologist-delivered CBT. These comprised Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (
Newman, Sandridge, & Bolek, 2008
); Hyperacusis Questionnaire (
Khalfa et al., 2002
); Insomnia Severity Index (
Bastien, Vallieres, & Morin, 2001
); Visual Analogue Scale (
Maxwell, 1978
) for tinnitus loudness, tinnitus annoyance, and effect of tinnitus on life; Generalized Anxiety Disorder (
Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Lowe, 2006
) questionnaire; and Patient Health Questionnaire (
Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001
). In addition, patients were asked to complete the survey questionnaire at their final session to provide feedback with regard to their therapy.

Results
The majority of patients reported that it was very acceptable to them to receive CBT focused on tinnitus and hyperacusis from a specialist audiologist; the median response was 10/10. The majority of patients felt that the CBT was very effective (median response 8/10) and that they were able to manage their tinnitus and/or hyperacusis well (median response 9/10). The effect sizes of treatment based on pre- and postintervention comparison of scores for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale of tinnitus annoyance and effect on life, Hyperacusis Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Patient Health Questionnaire were large.

Conclusions
Audiologist-delivered CBT is acceptable to patients and is effective in the management of tinnitus and/or hyperacusis from the patients' perspectives.
Ovine Vocal Fold Tissue Fatigue Response to Accumulated, Large-Amplitude Vibration Exposure at Phonatory Frequencies
Authors: Chan Roger W. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe contribution of tissue mechanical response to vocal fatigue is poorly understood. This study investigated the fatigue response of vocal fold tissues to large-amplitude vibration exposure at phonatory frequencies, using an ex vivo ovine model.MethodTwelve sheep vocal fold mucosal specimens were subjected to sinusoidal, simple-shear deformation for prolonged cycles, under a large but physiological shear strain (46%) in a frequency range of 100–230 Hz. The duration of shear varied from a critical vibration exposure limit of 1,040 s to 4 times the limit (4,160 s). Tissue viscoelastic response was quantified by the elastic shear modulus (G′), viscous shear modulus (G″), and damping ratio (G″/G′).ResultsDistinct response patterns were observed at different frequencies.G′andG″generally decreased with vibration exposure at 100 Hz, whereas they generally increased with vibration exposure at 200 and 230 Hz. Statistically significant differences were found forG″increasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz and damping ratio decreasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz. Significant increases with frequency were also found for all viscoelastic functions. Results suggested that the contribution of tissue viscoelastic response to vocal fatigue could be highly frequency dependent. In particular, increases inG″with vibration exposure could lead to high phonation threshold pressures and difficulty sustaining phonation at higher frequencies following prolonged vocalization.ConclusionThese preliminary findings may help us better understand vocal fatigue and recovery and should be corroborated by studies with human vocal fold tissues.
Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission
Authors: Bordé P. , Díaz R. F. , Creevey O. , Damiani C. , Deeg H. , Klagyivik P. , Wuchterl G. , Gandolfi D. , Fridlund M. , Bouchy F. , Aigrain S. , Alonso R. , Almenara J.-M. , Baglin A. , Barros S. C. C. , Bonomo A. S. , Cabrera J. , Csizmadia Sz. , Deleuil M. , Erikson A. , Ferraz-Mello S. , Guenther E. W. , Guillot T. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. , Hébrard G. , Mazeh T. , Ollivier M. , Parviainen H. , Pätzold M. , Rauer H. , Rouan D. , Santerne A. , Schneider J. 
Published: November 2019

Aims. We report the discovery as well as the orbital and physical characterizations of two new transiting giant exoplanets, CoRoT-30 b and CoRoT-31 b, with the CoRoT space telescope.
Methods. We analyzed two complementary data sets: photometric transit light curves measured by CoRoT, and radial velocity curves measured by the HARPS spectrometer. To derive the absolute masses and radii of the planets, we modeled the stars from available magnitudes and spectra.
Results. We find that CoRoT-30 b is a warm Jupiter on a close-to-circular 9.06-day orbit around a G3V star with a semi-major axis of about 0.08 AU. It has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.08 RJ, a mass of 2.90 ± 0.22 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 3.45 ± 0.65 g cm−3. The hot Jupiter CoRoT-31 b is on a close-to-circular 4.63-day orbit around a G2 IV star with a semi-major axis of about 0.05 AU. It has a radius of 1.46 ± 0.30 RJ, a mass of 0.84 ± 0.34 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 0.33 ± 0.18 g cm−3.
Conclusions. Neither system seems to support the claim that stars hosting planets are more depleted in lithium. The radii of both planets are close to that of Jupiter, but they differ in mass; CoRoT-30 b is ten times denser than CoRoT-31 b. The core of CoRoT-30 b would weigh between 15 and 75 Earth masses, whereas relatively weak constraints favor no core for CoRoT-31 b. In terms of evolution, the characteristics of CoRoT-31 b appear to be compatible with the high-eccentricity migration scenario, which is not the case for CoRoT-30 b. The angular momentum of CoRoT-31 b is currently too low for the planet to evolve toward synchronization of its orbital revolution with stellar rotation, and the planet will slowly spiral-in while its host star becomes a red giant. CoRoT-30 b is not synchronized either: it looses angular momentum owing to stellar winds and is expected reach steady state in about 2 Gyr. CoRoT-30 and 31, as a pair, are a truly remarkable example of diversity in systems with hot Jupiters.