bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Mikrodeletionssyndrom 20q11–q12
Authors: Weiss Deike , Kortüm Fanny , Driemeyer Joenna , Kloth Katja 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Spektrum des seltenen, aber rekurrenten Mikrodeletionssyndrom 20q11–q12 anhand der Fallbeschreibung eines Jungen mit charakteristischem Phänotyp. Der Patient weist eine milde kombinierte Entwicklungsverzögerung, einen Kleinwuchs, Mikrozephalie, milde Ptosis, Knick-Senk-Füße und eine sehr helle (nichtfamiliäre) Komplexion (Haut, Haare, Iris) mit milden fazialen Auffälligkeiten auf. Eine Trio-Exom-Analyse identifizierte eine De-novo-Mikrodeletion in 20q11.23–q12. Retrospektiv entspricht insbesondere der faziale Phänotyp exakt dem vormals beschriebenen; der Fall hätte ggf. mittels syndromologischer Verdachtsdiagnose und Array-Analyse gelöst werden können.
Is Elective Cancer Surgery Safe During the COVID‐19 Pandemic?
Authors: Ji Chenchen , Singh Kaushiki , Luther Alison Zoe , Agrawal Avi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a significant decrease in the number of elective cancer operations performed. Cancer patients are felt to be a high‐risk group for COVID‐19, and therefore, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of operating during this time; however, the potential risk of cancer progression if untreated must also be considered. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the incidence of COVID‐19 post‐operatively in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery of all types.MethodsData were collected on all patients who had an elective therapeutic cancer operation in a single large district general hospital, where standard COVID‐19 precautions were in place, between 01/02/2020 and 27/4/2020, Follow‐up was for a minimum of 2 weeks post‐discharge. The primary outcome was the incidence of COVID‐19 during the follow‐up period.ResultsA total of 621 elective cancer surgeries, from a range of specialities, were performed during the study period, with 55% (n = 341) being done as day cases. None of the patients were positive for COVID‐19 post‐operatively using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing.ConclusionsThe risk of COVID‐19 following elective cancer surgery in this group of high‐risk patients appears to be minimal in this study. With further precautions being introduced to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID‐19, an increase in the rate of elective cancer surgery should be a current priority for all hospitals where possible.
A Spanner for the Day After
Authors: Buchin Kevin , Har-Peled Sariel , Oláh Dániel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show how to construct a $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-spanner over a set $${P}$$
P
of n points in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

that is resilient to a catastrophic failure of nodes. Specifically, for prescribed parameters $${\vartheta },\varepsilon \in (0,1)$$

ϑ
,
ε
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, the computed spanner $${G}$$
G
has $$\begin{aligned} {{\mathcal {O}}}\bigl (\varepsilon ^{-O(d)} {\vartheta }^{-6} n(\log \log n)^6 \log n \bigr ) \end{aligned}$$

O

(

ε

-
O
(
d
)

ϑ

-
6

n

(
log
log
n
)

6

log
n

)

edges. Furthermore, for anyk, and any deleted set $${{B}}\subseteq {P}$$

B
⊆
P

of k points, the residual graph $${G}\setminus {{B}}$$

G
\
B

is a $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-spanner for all the points of $${P}$$
P
except for $$(1+{\vartheta })k$$

(
1
+
ϑ
)
k

of them. No previous constructions, beyond the trivial clique with $${{\mathcal {O}}}(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

edges, were known with this resilience property (i.e., only a tiny additional fraction of vertices, $$\vartheta |B|$$

ϑ
|
B
|

, lose their distance preserving connectivity). Our construction works by first solving the exact problem in one dimension, and then showing a surprisingly simple and elegant construction in higher dimensions, that uses the one-dimensional construction in a black-box fashion.
Segmentation of the fascia lata and reproducible quantification of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the thigh
Authors: Chaudry Oliver , Friedberger Andreas , Grimm Alexandra , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin Michael , Kemmler Wolfgang , Engelke Klaus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To develop a precise semi-automated segmentation of the fascia lata (FL) of the thigh to quantify IMAT volume in T1w MR images and fat fraction (FF) in Dixon MR images.

Materials and methods
A multi-step segmentation approach was developed to identify fibrous structures of the FL and combining them into a closed 3D surface. 23 healthy young men with low and 50 elderly sarcopenic men with moderate levels of IMAT were measured by T1w and 6pt Dixon MRI at 3T. 20 datasets were used to determine reanalysis precision errors. IMAT volume was compared using the new FL segmentation versus an easier to segment but less accurate, tightly fitting envelope of the thigh muscle ensemble.

Results
The segmentation was successfully applied to all 73 datasets and took about 7 min per 28 slices. In particular, in elderly subjects, it includes a large amount of adipose tissue below the FL typically not accounted for in other segmentation approaches. Inter- and intra-operator RMS-CVs were 0.33% and 0.14%, respectively, for IMAT volume and 0.04% and 0.02%, respectively, for FFMT.

Discussion
The FL segmentation is an important step to quantify IMAT with high precision and may be useful to investigate effects of aging and treatment on changes of IMAT and FF. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT2857660, August 5, 2016.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT2857660, August 5, 2016.
Polyprenol-Based Lipofecting Agents for In Vivo Delivery of Therapeutic DNA to Treat Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Gawrys Olga , Rak Monika , Baranowska Iwona , Bobis-Wozowicz Sylwia , Szaro Karolina , Madeja Zbigniew , Swiezewska Ewa , Masnyk Marek , Chmielewski Marek , Karnas Elzbieta , Kompanowska-Jezierska Elzbieta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDevelopment of efficient vectors for transfection is one of the major challenges in genetic engineering. Previous research demonstrated that cationic derivatives of polyisoprenoids (PTAI) may serve as carriers of nucleic acids. In the present study, the effectiveness of two PTAI-based formulations (PTAI-6–8 and 10–14) was investigated and compared to the commercial reagents. The purpose of applied gene therapy was to enhance the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in the renal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to test its potential as a novel antihypertensive intervention. In the first part of the study (in vitro), we confirmed that PTAI-based lipoplexes efficiently transfect XC rat sarcoma cells and are stable in 37 °C for 7 days. In the in vivo experiments, we administered selected lipoplexes directly to the kidneys of conscious SHR (via osmotic pumps). There were no blood pressure changes and VEGF-A level in renal medulla was significantly higher only for PTAI-10–14-based formulation. In conclusion, despite the promising results, we were not able to achieve VEGF-A expression level high enough to verify VEGF-A gene therapy usefulness in SHR. However, results of our study give important indications for the future development of PTAI-based DNA carriers and kidney-targeted gene delivery.
The Importance of Professional Discourse for the Continual Advancement of Practice Standards: The RBT® as a Case in Point
Authors: Leaf Justin B. , Leaf Ronald , McEachin John , Bondy Andy , Cihon Joseph H. , Detrich Ronnie , Eshleman John , Ferguson Julia L. , Foxx Richard M. , Freeman B. J. , Gerhardt Peter , Glenn Sigrid S. , Miller Megan , Milne Christine M. , Mountjoy Toby , Parker Tracee , Pritchard Joshua , Ross Robert K. , Saunders Melissa S. , Streff Todd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB®) created a third level of certification, the Registered Behavior Technician™ (RBT®) in 2014. The RBT® was created based upon the requests of stakeholders who wanted to credential those individuals who make direct contact with clients under the supervision of a Board Certified Behavior Analyst®. There has been tremendous growth in the number of RBTs® with over 60,000 individuals certified to date. The BACB® recently sent out a newsletter outlining changes to the RBT® certification, including the processes of training, supervising, and becoming an RBT®. These changes represent a number of potential concerns. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these concerns and to propose solutions to improve the RBT® certification.
Long Paths in First Passage Percolation on the Complete Graph II. Global Branching Dynamics
Authors: Eckhoff Maren , Goodman Jesse , van der Hofstad Remco , Nardi Francesca R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the random geometry of first passage percolation on the complete graph equipped with independent and identically distributed positive edge weights. We consider the case where the lower extreme values of the edge weights are highly separated. This model exhibits strong disorder and a crossover between local and global scales. Local neighborhoods are related to invasion percolation that display self-organised criticality. Globally, the edges with relevant edge weights form a barely supercritical Erdős–Rényi random graph that can be described by branching processes. This near-critical behaviour gives rise to optimal paths that are considerably longer than logarithmic in the number of vertices, interpolating between random graph and minimal spanning tree path lengths. Crucial to our approach is the quantification of the extreme-value behavior of small edge weights in terms of a sequence of parameters $$(s_n)_{n\ge 1}$$

(

s
n

)

n
≥
1

that characterises the different universality classes for first passage percolation on the complete graph. We investigate the case where $$s_n\rightarrow \infty $$

s
n

→
∞

with $$s_n=o(n^{1/3})$$

s
n

=
o

(

n

1
/
3

)

, which corresponds to the barely supercritical setting. We identify the scaling limit of the weight of the optimal path between two vertices, and we prove that the number of edges in this path obeys a central limit theorem with mean approximately $$s_n\log {(n/s_n^3)}$$

s
n

log

(
n
/

s
n
3

)

and variance $$s_n^2\log {(n/s_n^3)}$$

s
n
2

log

(
n
/

s
n
3

)

. Remarkably, our proof also applies to n-dependent edge weights of the form $$E^{s_n}$$

E

s
n

, where E is an exponential random variable with mean 1, thus settling a conjecture of Bhamidi et al. (Weak disorder asymptotics in the stochastic meanfield model of distance. Ann Appl Probab 22(1):29–69, 2012). The proof relies on a decomposition of the smallest-weight tree into an initial part following invasion percolation dynamics, and a main part following branching process dynamics. The initial part has been studied in Eckhoff et al. (Long paths in first passage percolation on the complete graph I. Local PWIT dynamics. Electron. J. Probab. 25:1–45, 2020. 10.1214/20-EJP484); the current paper focuses on the global branching dynamics.
Compliance to “Unpleasant” actions of crisis management: some remarks from a management control perspective
Authors: Wall Friederike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn managing the Covid-16 pandemic, policy makers took actions which require the cooperation of individual citizens to succeed while the actions partially come at remarkable costs for individuals. The brief paper employs a thought experiment to identify factors which affect individuals’ propensity to cooperate in the public goods game. These factors reasonably comprise, for example, risk perception and attitude towards risk, embeddedness in a social network or the desire for social approval and may differ remarkably among the individuals of a collective. The paper adopts a management control perspective which appears to be particularly helpful to identify how to implement policy makers’ actions with respect to the diverse individuals in a collective. In order to predict the overall outcome of “unpleasant” actions, an approach is required which allows to capture the heterogeneity of individuals within a collective which makes agent-based modelling a promising candidate.
Renalase and hypertension—demographic and clinical correlates in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Martynowicz Helena , Czerwińska Karolina , Wojakowska Anna , Januszewska Lidia , Markiewicz-Górka Iwona , Więckiewicz Mieszko , Mazur Grzegorz , Pawlas Krystyna , Poręba Rafał , Gać Paweł 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Renalase plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder associated with hypertension and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between sleep apnea and renalase concentration.

Material and methods
Adult patients (n = 113) were evaluated for OSA in a sleep laboratory using polysomnography. The respiratory events were scored according to the standards developed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The blood renalase concentration was determined by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test.

Results
OSA (AHI ≥ 5) was diagnosed in 71% (n = 80) of the studied population. Renalase concentration was statistically significantly lower in the group with moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) compared with the group without OSA (AHI < 5) (139.56 ± 175.72 ng/ml vs. 230.97 ± 240.50 ng/ml, p = 0.042). We have found statistically significant negative correlation between renalase and AHI in hypertensives, but not in normotensives. The statistically significant negative correlation was observed between AHI and renalase in the whole studied group, in males, and in the group of age < 60 years old. There was not such a correlation in females and in the group > 60 years old. Based on the regression model, it was shown that lower renalase concentration, hypertension, higher BMI, and male gender are independently associated with higher AHI.

Conclusions
There is a relationship between the blood renalase concentration and the severity of OSA, which may influence hypertension development in OSA.
Vom Erlebnis zum Ergebnis: Zur Wirkungsweise abenteuer- und erlebnispädagogischer Jugendfreizeiten
Authors: Mutz Michael , Müller Johannes 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung über abenteuer- und erlebnispädagogische Programme hat vielfach auf positive Effekte z. B. für Selbstwirksamkeit, Kompetenzerwerb oder psychosoziale Gesundheit hingewiesen. Weniger gut erforscht ist hingegen die Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen diese Effekte zu Stande kommen bzw. welche Erfahrungen mit welchen Veränderungen assoziiert sind. Anknüpfend an erlebnispädagogische Theorien gehen wir davon aus, dass a) die Neuartigkeit der Erfahrungen, b) die erfolgreiche Selbstüberwindung, c) das Kompetenzerleben und d) die Qualität der Einbindung in die Gruppe zentrale Erfolgsbedingungen darstellen. Empirisch prüfen wir die Bedeutung dieser Bedingungen in einem Prätest-Posttest-Design bei Jugendlichen (N = 76; 63 % männlich, 37 % weiblich) im Alter von 13 bis 20 Jahren, die an einer 10-tägigen erlebnispädagogischen Ferienfreizeit teilnahmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass sich im Durchschnitt positive Veränderungen in der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, im Selbstwertgefühl und im emotionalen Wohlbefinden im Verlauf des Programms ergeben haben. Diese Effekte sind besonders bei den Jugendlichen zu beobachten, die sich bei den Programmaktivitäten als sehr kompetent erlebten. Punktuell hängen positive Veränderungen auch mit der Neuartigkeit der Aktivität und der Qualität des Gemeinschaftserlebens zusammen. Der oft in der Theoriedebatte fokussierte Aspekt der Selbstüberwindung scheint weniger relevant zu sein.
Zielorientierungen und Leistungsmotivation angehender Lehrkräfte zu Studienbeginn – eine Profilanalyse
Authors: Glutsch Nina , König Johannes , Rothland Martin 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Vergleich zu den vielfach untersuchten Leistungsmotiven und Zielorientierungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern sind diese bei Lehramtsstudierenden bisher eher selten zum Gegenstand empirischer Forschung gemacht worden, obwohl sie für die Kompetenzentwicklung und das Leistungsstreben angehender Lehrpersonen im Studium eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag Zielorientierungen und die Leistungsmotive Hoffnung auf Erfolg und Angst vor Misserfolg von 1365 Studierenden der Lehrämter für die Sekundarstufen I und II in ihrem ersten Fachsemester mittels einer latenten Profilanalyse. Die Profile werden anhand weiterer motivationaler Merkmale und dem pädagogischen Wissen der Studierenden validiert sowie auf ihre Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich verschiedener Fächerkombinationen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse legen eine Dreiklassenlösung nahe, wobei sich die Profile nicht nach Fächerdomänen unterscheiden. Die Hälfte der Studierenden lässt sich einem sowohl lern- als auch leistungszielorientierten Profil zuordnen. Am zweithäufigsten ist ein stark lernzielorientiertes Profil vertreten. Die kleinste Profilgruppe umfasst Studierende mit einer ausgeprägt arbeitsvermeidenden Haltung.
Failure Analysis of Pharmaceutical Clamp Ferrules
Authors: Feng Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this case study is to determine the cause of failure of DIN 1.4435 BN2 (AISI 316L with very low ferrite contents) clamp ferrules applied in pharmaceutical systems. Leakage was observed during operation in the clamp pipe connections of the ultra-pure fluid delivery systems. The surface of clamp ferrules showed remarkable discoloration and cracking. It was identified that the failure was caused by defects related to the autogenous laser conduction welding procedures. The intragranular cellular welded structures, which solidified with austenite as the primary product of solidification, showed a complete absence of hot cracks, minor delta ferrite, and minimum microsegregation. The welded components failed eventually owing to unstable welding profiles and significant porosity. Recommendations were given to prevent the recurrence of similar failures.
High-Dose Aluminum Exposure Further Alerts Immune Phenotype in Aplastic Anemia Patients
Authors: Zuo Yao , Lu Xiang , Wang Xiaochao , Sooranna Suren R. , Tao Liju , Chen Shiqiang , Li Hongwen , Huang Dan , Nai Guanye , Chen Hong , Pan Chunfeng , Huang Caihong , Pang Yanmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between immunological status and clinical characteristics of aplastic anemia (AA) patients to plasma aluminum levels, which were increased after constant exposure to high levels of this metal. Sixty-two AA patients (33 cases with high and 29 cases with low or no exposure to aluminum) and 30 healthy controls were selected for this study. Aluminum in human albumin solution was measured by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry. IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, and INF-γ levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of immunoglobulins and complement C3 and C4 were also measured. Exposure to high aluminum raised the levels of serum aluminum in AA patients (P < 0.01). The levels of hemoglobin and complement C4 were lower in AA patients with high aluminum exposure (P < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). The percentage of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/ CD8+T cells in peripheral blood in AA patients with high aluminum exposure were higher compared with control AA patients (P < 0.05 in both cases), while the percentage of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower than that in non-aluminum–exposed AA patients (P < 0.05). Compared with non-aluminum–exposed AA patients, the level of IL-10 in the high aluminum–exposed AA group was significantly higher (P < 0.05 in both cases). The immunological and clinical characteristics of AA patients from regions of high aluminum exposure are different to those in from non-aluminum areas. These results suggest that high aluminum exposure alters the immune system in patients suffering from AA.
A psychometric evaluation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale in ethnically and culturally heterogeneous South African samples
Authors: May Andrew K. , Norris Shane A. , Richter Linda M. , Pitman Michael M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait that describes highly neurosensitive individuals who, for better and for worse, are permeable to their environmental context. Recently, these individuals have been noted for their amenability to positive intervention efforts - an observation that may have important psychosocial value. SPS is currently assessed through the 27-item Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS). However, this instrument has not been adequately scrutinised in cross-cultural samples, and has generated varied factor solutions that lack consistent support. We assessed the HSPS in South African university student samples which were ethno-culturally diverse, across four academic years (n = 750). The HSPS demonstrated strong reliability across samples (α > .84). Factor analysis revealed a novel five-factor solution (Negative Affect, Neural Sensitivity, Propensity to Overwhelm, Careful Processing and Aesthetic Sensitivity). As per previous reports, latent class analysis suggested a three class solution. We validated these findings in a general population sample that was part of the longitudinal Birth to Twenty Plus cohort (n = 1400). In conclusion, we found the HSPS to be reliable in culturally diverse samples. The instrument remains a robust tool for identifying sensitive individuals and may be an important addition to psychosocial studies in low-to-middle income countries.
Associations between School Readiness and Student Wellbeing: A Six-Year Follow Up Study
Authors: Gregory T. , Dal Grande E. , Brushe M. , Engelhardt D. , Luddy S. , Guhn M. , Gadermann A. , Schonert-Reichl K.A. , Brinkman S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is well established that children’s school readiness is associated with their later academic achievement, but less is known about whether school readiness is also associated with other measures of school success, such as students’ social and emotional wellbeing. While some previous research has shown a link between early social and emotional development and student wellbeing, results are mixed and the strength of these relationships vary depending on whether data is based on child, teachers or parents ratings and which specific student wellbeing outcomes are measured. The present study explored the association between teacher-rated school readiness (Mage = 5.6 years) across five developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, language and cognitive, and communication and general knowledge) and four aspects of student wellbeing (life satisfaction, optimism, sadness and worries) in Grade 6 (Mage = 11.9 years) in a sample of 3906 Australian children. After adjustment for background child and family-level factors, children’s early physical, social and emotional development were associated with all four wellbeing outcomes in Grade 6, but early language and cognitive skills and communication and general knowledge skills were only associated with internalising behaviours (sadness and worries). Mechanisms through which these different aspects of development might influence later wellbeing are discussed, as well as ways that schools and governments can support students’ social and emotional wellbeing.