bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Processing Scheme Based on Blockchain
Authors: Fu Jinhua , Xu Mixue , Huang Yongzhong , Si Xueming , Yuan Chao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the whitepaper of Bitcoin, a chain of block was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto. And then blockchain has been rapidly developed. Blockchain is not only limited to the field of cryptocurrency, but also has been well applied in the Internet of Things(IoT), supply chain finance, electronic evidence storage, data sharing, e-government and other fields. Both the public chain and the alliance chain have been well developed. Especially in the field of data processing, blockchain has a good application prospect. Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a plan of the joint venture of more than ten countries around the world, which is the largest synthetic aperture radio telescope in the world. In SKA, the processing scale of data is large, and there are many data processing nodes in it.The data will be processed in the cloud computing mode.In view of the SKA, this paper proposes a data processing scheme based on blockchain for anti-counterfeiting, anti-tamper and traceability of data. And authenticity and integrity of data are assured. It mainly includes data distribution, data operation and data sharing, which correspond to data reception, data algorithm processing and result sharing of data operation in SKA. With this scheme, the integrity, reliability and authenticity of data are guaranteed. And smart contract, homomorphic hashing, secure container, aggregate signature and one-way encrypted channel are adopted to ensure the intelligence, security and high performance of the scheme.
Bipolar Affective Disorders and Psychotic Disorders in War Torn Area Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Vivalya Mutume , Vagheni Martial Mumbere , Adelard Kalima Nzanzu , Rock Kasereka Masuka , Kitoko Manzekele Bin , Mugizi Wilson , Ashaba Scholastic 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
Hand(y) Hygiene Insights: Applying Three Theoretical Models to Investigate Hospital Patients’ and Visitors’ Hand Hygiene Behavior
Authors: Gaube Susanne , Fischer Peter , Lermer Eva 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImproving hand hygiene is the most efficient method to prevent healthcare-associated infections, which are a severe threat to patient safety. Besides healthcare professionals, it is mainly hospital patients and visitors who pose a risk for the transmission of pathogens, which can lead to infections. In contrast to medical staff, laypeople’s hand hygiene behavior in hospitals is not well researched. Therefore, the present study had three aims: 1) Identifying a suitable theoretical model to explain laypeople's hand hygiene practice; 2) Finding the factors that strongly affect patients’ and visitors’ hand hygiene behavior and, therefore, should be targeted in behavior change interventions; and 3) Comparing the essential determinants of hand hygiene behavior between laypeople and healthcare professionals.MethodsTo accomplish these goals, in total N = 1,605 patients and visitors were surveyed on their hand hygiene practice in hospitals. The employed questionnaires were based on three theoretical models: a) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); b) the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA); and c) the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong patients, 53% of the variance in the hand hygiene behavior was accounted for by the TDF domains, 44% by a modified HAPA model, and 40% by the TPB factors. Among visitors, these figures were 60%, 37%, and 55%, respectively. Two clusters of variables surfaced as being essential determinants of the behavior: First, self-regulatory processes (perceived behavioral control; action control; memory, attention, and decision processes); and second, social influence processes (subjective norm and role and identity).ConclusionsThe TDF was identified as the most suitable model to investigate and predict patient’s and visitor’s hand hygiene practices. The critical determinants for adequate hand hygiene (i.e., self-regulation processes and social influence processes) are similar for laypeople and healthcare professionals. Therefore, analogous intervention strategies might be useful for both target groups. Further practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Early registration for antenatal care was associated with improved birth outcomes in a low-income community in Harare
Authors: Matsungo Tonderayi Mathew , Mudzuri Shingai , Chopera Prosper 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends early registration, regular and consistent attendance of antenatal care (ANC) sessions for all pregnant women. Specifically, if ANC services promote evidence-based practices this improves pregnancy outcomes and reduce maternal mortality. Yet there are worrying gaps in knowledge of antenatal care services in Zimbabwe. Objectives: To determine the relationship between early registration and frequency of ANC visits on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, Apgar score, birth complications, delivery mode, preterm birth and duration of labour among women aged 15-49 from Hatcliffe Polyclinic, Harare. Methods: This was a health facility based analytical cross-sectional study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, and associations between dependent and independent variables were determined using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Ethical approval was granted from the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/B/1438). Results: A total of 75 mother child pairs were interviewed. Most (77.3%) had more than four ANC visits. Only 36% registered early (during first trimester). Most of the children had normal birth weight ≥2500g (80.3%), birth length ≥47cm, (76%), head circumference ≥33cm (80%), and Apgar score ≥7 (96%). A positive association was observed between number of ANC visits and birth weight [Odds ratio (OR) 7.6; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6, 36.4 (p=0.013)], birth length [OR 6.1; 95%CI 1.8, 20.1 (p=0.010)], and head circumference [OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.3, 14.8 (p=0.013)]. Positive associations were also observed between timing of registration and birth weight [OR 1.2; 95% 1.05, 1.36 (p=0.045)], birth length [OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.03, 0.76 (p=0.012)]. Conclusions: In this study increased frequency and early registration for ANC visits had a positive relationship with birth weight, birth length and head circumference. These findings show the need for improving the uptake of ANC services, early registration for ANC in the first trimester and adoption of community wide strategies to ensure that pregnant women attend all recommended visits for improved birth outcomes in this and related settings.
Exploring the relationship between menopausal symptoms, personality, and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ahmadi Niloufar , Delavar Mouloud Agajani , Mashayekh‑Amiri Sepideh , Esmaeilzadeh Sedighe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background A quick look at the results of research studies in the existing literature indicates that depression in postmenopausal women can greatly affect their function and self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential relationships between menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, hot flash, and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed with 150 healthy postmenopausal women (45–60 years of age) who had referred to the menopausal clinic in Babol. The participants completed the following instruments throughout the study: the Beck Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms, the Modified Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index for measuring menopausal symptoms, and the NEO-FFI for identifying the personality traits.Results After controlling all the covariates, high depressive symptoms were found to be associated with moderate/ sever menopausal symptoms, poor sleep quality, and the average and high level of neuroticism. The results also demonstrated that the risk of depressive symptoms was lower in menopausal women with high level extroversion, high level agreeableness, and the average and high level of conscientiousness.Conclusions The findings of the present study indicated that personality traits, menopausal symptoms, and poor sleep quality in particular can partially account for depression in Iranian menopausal women.
Multiple factors in the prediction of risk of recurrent vitreous haemorrhage after sutureless vitrectomy for non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: DING YUHUA , YAO BANGTAO , HANG HUI , YE HUI 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to analyse multiple factors in the prediction of risk of postoperative recurrent vitreous haemorrhage (RVH) for non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) who underwent sutureless vitrectomy with 23- (23G) or 25-gauge (25G) narrow-gauge systems.
Methods
A retrospective consecutive case series design was used. DR patients who underwent sutureless vitrectomy for non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage between June 2017 and October 2019 were enrolled. All operations were performed at a tertiary hospital. Patient demographics and risk factors, including age, gender, duration of diabetes, preoperative fasting blood sugar levels (FBSL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine (Cr), urea, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), electrical coagulation, air-fluid exchange, pan‑retinal photocoagulation status (PRP), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug (anti-VEGF), and other factors, were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups based on the timing of their postoperative RVH: immediate postoperative RVH (within 2 weeks after operation) and delayed postoperative RVH (beyond 2–4 weeks after operation).
Results
Overall, 167 eyes (167patients) were enrolled. Seventy eyes were underwent 23G and 25G sutureless vitrectomy performed in 97 eyes, respectively. Postoperative RVH developed in 18 eyes (25.7%) in Group 23G and in 20 eyes (21.6%) in Group 25G (P = 0.540). Of these, 3 eyes (4.3%) had severed RVH in Group 23G compared with 5 eyes (5.2%) in Group 25G (P = 0.584). Delayed postoperative RVH occurred in 6 eyes (8.6%) in Group 23G and 8 eyes (8.2%) in Group 25G (P = 0.789). A binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age, duration of diabetes, and Cr level were significantly associated with RVH in both Group 23G (P < 0.05) and Group 25G (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The incidence and severity of RVH were 25.7% and 4.3%, respectively, in Group 23G and 21.6% and 5.15%, respectively, in Group 25G. Thus, the 23G sutureless vitrectomy approach was as safe as the 25G sutureless vitrectomy approach for treating vitreous haemorrhage in patients with DR. A younger age, shorter duration of diabetes, and higher Cr levels were risk factors for postoperative RVH in sutureless vitrectomy.
NTCP gene polymorphisms and Hepatitis B virus infection status in a Ghanaian population
Authors: Nyarko Eric , Obirikorang Christian , Owiredu W.K.B.A. , Asamoah Evans Adu , Acheampong Emmanuel , Aidoo Freeman , Ofori Emmanuel , Addy Bright Selorm , Asare-Anane Henry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSLC10A1 gene codes NTCP, a receptor through which the hepatitis B virus (HBV) gets access into hepatocytes - a stage of the viral cycle necessary for replication. Polymorphism variants of SLC10A1 play roles in HBV infection, viral clearance, treatment outcome, and complications, in diverse ethnic groups and countries. However, no such study has been conducted in the Ghanaian population, a country with HBV endemicity. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted to investigate the presence of three (3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC10A1 gene (rs2296651, rs61745930, and rs4646287) and assessed the risk of HBV infection among the Ghanaian population.MethodPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the presence of the SNPs among 292 participants comprising 146 HBV infected persons as case-subjects and 146 HBV non-infected persons as control-subjects. ResultsThe minor allele frequency (T) of rs2296651 was present in a significantly high proportion of cases compared with the control group (12.6% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.0001). The homozygote recessive variant of rs61745930 was present in 2.7% of the control group and 5.5% of the case group. Moreover, the minor allele frequencies of rs4646287 were 9.6% and 8.6% among the control and the case group, respectively (p = 0.767). Under the dominant (CC) genetic model of inheritance, rs2296651 was found to be protective of HBV infection [OR = 0.18 (0.07–0.44)], whereas under the co-dominant and additive model, rs2296651 was a potential risk factor for HBV infection [OR = 5.2 (95%CI: 2.1–12.8); 3.5 (95%CI: 1.6–7.6], respectively. Variants of rs61745930 and rs4646287 were not associated with HBV infection (p > 0.05). Polymorphisms in SLC10A1, however, did not show any significant association with HBV infectivity (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe study highlights some polymorphism proof that variants rs2296651, rs61745930, and rs4646287 exist in HBV-infected individuals in Ghana. Variant rs2296651 was found to be associated with HBV infection. Nonetheless, polymorphisms in SLC10A1 were not associated with HBV infectivity among the Ghanaian population. Further investigation is warranted to assess the offensive role of the relationship between rs2296651 and HBV infectivity.
COVID-19 infection-to-death lag and lockdown-effect lag in Italy and Spain
Authors: Buescu Jorge , Oliveira Henrique Manuel , Pires Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The European phase of the COVID (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic started in early February 2020. Lockdown measures have been adopted to flatten the infection curve. Early detection and robust estimation of its inflection point and other phenomenological epidemic parameters are extremely relevant to evaluate effectiveness of containment measures and the epidemic course.
Methods

We use a nonlinear least-squares algorithm to fit logistic functions to the curves of active infected and deceased during the pandemic evolution, studying also the changes and stabilization of the logistic parameters.
Results

We present the computation of the inflection points for Spain and Italy. We use these results to estimate two fundamental disease parameters: the infection-to-death lag and the onset of lockdown effects. These estimates are sharp and robust.
Conclusions

The data-driven logistic-fit approach has proven to be a remarkably powerful tool, allowing us to effectively compute three disease parameters which may prove to be an invaluable help in the control of the epidemic as well as to model response of the health services in other countries in the World. The results and methods can be used to forecast the evolution in countries still in early stages of the epidemic.
Seasonal effects on the outcome of reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and the Collembola Folsomia candida
Authors: Zhang Xin , Filser Juliane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is increasingly studied due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola in different seasons. To investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the reproduction of Collembola in different seasons, Folsomia candida were exposed to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days. The reproduction tests were repeated during different seasons throughout one year in order to assess if animals’ sensitivity varied with the season.

Results

Significantly lower reproduction was found in the control in winter with only 101 (± 7) juveniles per adult, compared to 126-158 individuals in other seasons. Strong toxic effects (inhibition of reproduction by up to 50%) were observed during summer, spring and autumn in both treatments. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in winter. The relative toxicity of both substances varied with the seasons: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO 3 in spring and summer, and less toxic in autumn and winter.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that seasonal effects on the reproduction of Folsomia candida are significant. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. These effects can mainly be attributed to soil conditions, which raises concern whether these commonly used test substrates are really protective.
Use of Resuscitation promoting factors to screen for tuberculosis infection in household-exposed children in The Gambia
Authors: Loon Welmoed Van , Gomez Marie P , Jobe Dawda , Franken Kees CLMC , Ottenhoff Tom HM , Corninx Michael , Kestens Luc , Sutherland Jayne , Kampmann Beate , Djomkam Leopold Tientcheu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) with Resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) proteins enhanced tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnosis in adults, but have not been evaluated in children. Children often develop paucibacillary TB and their immune response differs from that of adults, which together affect TB disease diagnostics and immunodiagnostics. We assessed the ability of Rpf to identify infection among household TB-exposed children in The Gambia and investigated their ability to discriminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection from active TB disease in children.
Methods
Detailed clinical investigations were done on 93 household TB-exposed Gambian children and a tuberculin skin test (TST) was administered to asymptomatic children. Venous blood was collected for overnight stimulation with ESAT-6/CFP-10-fusion protein (EC), purified protein derivative and RpfA, B, C, D and E. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production was measured by ELISA in supernatants and corrected for the background level. Infection status was defined by IGRA with EC and TB disease by mycobacterial confirmation and/or clinical diagnosis. We compared IFN-γ levels between infected and uninfected children and between infected and TB diseased children using a binomial logistic regression model while correcting for age and sex. A Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was done to find the best cut-off for IFN-γ level and calculate sensitivity and specificity.
Results
Interferon gamma production was significantly higher in infected (IGRA+, n = 45) than in uninfected (IGRA-, n = 20) children after stimulation with RpfA, B, C, and D (P = 0.03; 0.007; 0.03 and 0.003, respectively). Using RpfB and D-specific IFN-γ cut-offs (33.9 pg/mL and 67.0 pg/mL), infection was classified with a sensitivity-specificity combination of 73%-92% and 77%-72% respectively, which was similar to and better than 65%-75% for TST. Moreover, IFN-γ production was higher in infected than in TB diseased children (n = 28, 5 bacteriologically confirmed, 23 clinically diagnosed), following RpfB and D stimulation (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
RpfB and RpfD show promising results for childhood MTBC infection screening, and both performed similar to and better than the TST in our study population. Additionally, both antigens appear to discriminate between infection and disease in children and thus warrant further investigation as screening and diagnostic antigens for childhood TB.
Application of Elliptic Registration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Postoperative Precise Measurement of Taylor Spatial Frame Parameters
Authors: Liu Yanshi , Yushan Maimaiaili , Liu Zhenhui , Liu Jialin , Ma Chuang , Ahemaitijiang Yusufu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The Taylor spatial frame offered the ability of simultaneous correction of the multidirectional deformities without the need of change the frame, and it was widely used for limb lengthening, deformity correction and fracture reduction in recent years. There are still some inherent limitations which can affect the accuracy of correction, especially for the measurement of the mounting and rotational parameters. The purpose of our study was to perform precise postoperative measurement of Taylor spatial frame (TSF) parameters by application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction.Methods This retrospectively study included 28 trauma patients who suffered tibial fracture treated by the TSF at our institution from January 2016 to January 2018, including 25 males and 3 females with a mean age of 43 years (range 14–70 years). We conducted standard full-length anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the injured extremity and the computed tomographic scans of the bilateral extremities after operation. Elliptic registration and 3D reconstruction were used to calculated the parameters by two types of software Mimics and CorelDRAW. Correction of the deformity was conducted by adjusting the struts of the TSF according to the electronic prescription. The standard anteroposterior and lateral X-rays after correction were taken to evaluate the effectiveness.Results All patients acquired functional reduction which was evaluated by digital radiography. The mean coronal plane translation(1.9 ± 2.2 mm), coronal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°), sagittal plane translation(2.7 ± 2.1 mm) and sagittal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°) after correction were all less than those(5.5 ± 4.6 mm, 4.9 ± 3.9°, 4.7 ± 4.0 mm, 2.7 ± 2.3°) before correction.Conclusions The TSF system can precise correct the 6-axis deformities simultaneously with the accurate parameters. Application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction can precisely measure the TSF parameters, especially for the mounting and the rotational parameters.