bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniting Form and Function, Stability and Reactivity in Open Framework Materials
Authors: Xu Zhengtao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Functions and performance metrics are much sought after by materials researchers and editors; not to be sidelined, however, are fundamental design works directed at general methodological breakthrough and wide-scope applicability. For a close union of form and function is often crucial in catalysing paradigm shift. We use two forms of contrast to illustrate: the hard/soft design in carboxyl-thiol molecules, and the starburst/backfolded alkyne motifs. The former affords thiol-decked Zr4+-carboxyl frameworks, the latter, domino cyclization for crosslinked nanographene components. The versatile reactivity of the thiol and alkyne functions (e.g., for metal uptake), deployed in symmetrical dendritic forms, serves to bridge the worlds of coordination and covalent solids.
Exogenous Ketosis Impairs 30-min Time-Trial Performance Independent of Bicarbonate Supplementation
Authors: POFFÉ CHIEL , WYNS FELIX , RAMAEKERS MONIQUE , HESPEL PETER 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We recently demonstrated that coingestion of NaHCO3 to counteract ketoacidosis resulting from oral ketone ester (KE) intake improves mean power output during a 15-min time trial (TT) at the end of a 3-h cycling race by ~5%. This ergogenic effect occurred at a time when blood ketone levels were low, as ketosis was only induced during the initial ~2 h of the race. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether performance also increases if blood ketone levels are increased in the absence of ketoacidosis during high-intensity exercise.

Methods
In a double-blind crossover design, 14 well-trained male cyclists completed a 30-min TT (TT30′) followed by an all-out sprint at 175% of lactate threshold (SPRINT). Subjects were randomized to receive (i) 50 g KE, (ii) 180 mg·kg−1 body weight NaHCO3 (BIC), (iii) KE + BIC, or (iv) a control drink (CON).

Results
KE ingestion increased blood d-ß-hydroxybutyrate to ~3–4 mM during the TT30′ and SPRINT (P < 0.001 vs CON). In KE, blood pH and bicarbonate concomitantly dropped, causing 0.05 units lower pH and 2.6 mM lower bicarbonate in KE compared with CON during the TT30′ and SPRINT (P < 0.001 vs CON). BIC coingestion resulted in 0.9 mM higher blood d-ß-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.001 vs KE) and completely counteracted ketoacidosis during exercise (P > 0.05 vs CON). Mean power output during TT30′ was similar between CON and BIC at 281 W, but was 1.5% lower in the KE conditions (main effect of KE: P = 0.03). Time to exhaustion in the SPRINT was ~64 s in CON and KE and increased by ~8% in the BIC conditions (main effect of BIC: P < 0.01).

Discussion
Neutralization of acid–base disturbance by BIC coingestion is insufficient to counteract the slightly negative effect of KE intake during high-intensity exercise.
Acute Running and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers in Male Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: ALOTAIBI TAREQ F. , THACKRAY ALICE E. , ROBERTS MATTHEW J. , ALANAZI TURKI M. , BISHOP NICOLETTE C. , WADLEY ALEX J. , KING JAMES A. , O’DONNELL EMMA , STEINER MICHAEL C. , SINGH SALLY J. , STENSEL DAVID J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and is associated with impaired postprandial metabolism. Acute exercise reduces postprandial lipemia and improves other coronary heart disease risk markers in nonsmokers. Less is known about responses in cigarette smokers.

Methods
Twelve male cigarette smokers (mean ± SD; age = 23 ± 4 yr, body mass index = 24.9 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) and 12 male nonsmokers (age = 24 ± 4 yr, body mass index = 24.1 ± 2.0 kg·m−2) completed two, 2-d conditions (control and exercise) in a randomized crossover design. On day 1, participants rested for 9 h (0800–1700) in both conditions except a 60-min treadmill run (65% ± 7% peak oxygen uptake, 2.87 ± 0.54 MJ) was completed between 6.5 and 7.5 h (1430–1530) in the exercise condition. On day 2 of both conditions, participants rested and consumed two high-fat meals over 8 h (0900–1700) during which 13 venous blood samples and nine resting arterial blood pressure measurements were collected.

Results
Smokers exhibited higher postprandial triacylglycerol and C-reactive protein than nonsmokers (main effect group effect size [Cohen’s d] ≥ 0.94, P ≤ 0.034). Previous day running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (main effect condition d ≥ 0.28, P ≤ 0.044) and elevated postprandial nonesterified fatty acid and C-reactive protein (main effect condition d ≥ 0.41, P ≤ 0.044). Group–condition interactions were not apparent for any outcome across the total postprandial period (0–8 h; all P ≥ 0.089), but the exercise-induced reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol in the early postprandial period (0–4 h) was greater in nonsmokers than smokers (−21%, d = 0.43, vs −5%, d = 0.16, respectively; group–condition interaction P = 0.061).

Conclusions
Acute moderate-intensity running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin, and resting arterial blood pressure the day after exercise in male cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. These findings highlight the ability of acute exercise to augment the postprandial metabolic health of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.
Feasibility of using post-contrast dual-energy CT for pediatric radiation treatment planning and dose calculation
Authors: Ates Ozgur , Hua Chia-ho , Zhao Li , Shapira Nadav , Yagil Yoad , Merchant Thomas E , Krasin Matthew 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
When iodinated contrast is administered during CT simulation, standard practice requires a separate non-contrast CT for dose calculation. The objective of this study is to validate our hypothesis that since iodine affects Hounsfield units (HUs) more than electron density (ED), the information from post-contrast dual-layer CT (DLCT) would be sufficient for accurate dose calculation for both photon and proton therapy.

Methods and materials:
10 pediatric patients with abdominal tumors underwent DLCT scans before and after iodinated contrast administration for radiotherapy planning. Dose distributions with these DLCT-based methods were compared to those with conventional calibration-curve methods that map HU images to ED and stopping-power ratio (SPR) images.

Results:
For photon plans, conventional and DLCT approaches based on post-contrast scans underestimated the PTV D99 by 0.87 ± 0.70% (p = 0.18) and 0.36 ± 0.31% (p = 0.34), respectively, comparing to their non-contrast optimization plans. Renal iodine concentration was weakly associated with D99 deviation for both conventional (R2 = 0.10) and DLCT (R2 = 0.02) approaches. For proton plans, the clinical target volume D99 errors were 3.67 ± 2.43% (p = 0.0001) and 0.30 ± 0.25% (p = 0.40) for conventional and DLCT approaches, respectively. The proton beam range changed noticeably with the conventional approach. Renal iodine concentration was highly associated with D99 deviation for the conventional approach (R2 = 0.83) but not for DLCT (R2 = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Conventional CT with iodine contrast resulted in a large dosimetric error for proton therapy, compared to true non-contrast plans, but the error was less for photon therapy. These errors can be greatly reduced in the case of the proton plans if DLCT is used, raising the possibility of using only a single post-contrast CT for radiotherapy dose calculation, thus reducing the time and imaging dose required.

Advances in knowledge:
This study is the first to compare directly the differences in the calculated dose distributions between pre- and post-contrast CT images generated by single-energy CT and dual-energy CT methods for photon and proton therapy.
Real-time assessment of temporomandibular joint using HASTE sequences: feasibility and comparison with standard static sequences
Authors: Ravanelli Marco , Bottoni Luca , Buffa Irene , Tononcelli Elena , Borghesi Andrea , Maroldi Roberto , Farina Davide 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To test real-time MRI (rtMRI) using HASTE sequences in patients with suspected internal disk derangement (IDD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to compare these sequences with standard static sequences. Methods and materials: 99 TMJ were studied with both standard sequences (fat-saturated proton density) and HASTE sequences with high temporal resolution. Image quality was assessed using a 4-point Likert scale. Two radiologists analysed both standard and rtMRI sequences separately, randomly and blinded (by a third operator) to patients’ names in order to assess inter-observer repeatability. One of the radiologists performed the analysis twice for assessing intra-observer repeatability. The same radiologists evaluated randomly and blinded to the previous assessment both the sequences and decided in consensus which was the most credible. Qualitative scores were compared using Friedman’s test while concordance between radiologists and sequences was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results: At image quality analysis, mean score was 3.41 for static MRI and 3.82 for rtMRI, with a statistically significant difference in favour of rtMRI (p < 0.0001). Inter-rater concordance between operator 1 (Op1) and operator 2 (Op2) with regard to the same sequence was high for both static and rtMRI sequences (0.824 and 0.888, respectively). Inter-rater variability of Op1 and Op2 between static and rtMRI sequences was lower (0.647 for Op1 and 0.633 for Op2). Among 71 discordances between sequences, 60 were judged in favour of rtMRI, while 11 were in favour of static MRI. Conclusion: rtMRI with HASTE sequences is a robust technique and provide additional information in assessing IDD compared to static sequences.
<p><strong>Description of the previously unknown male of <em>Parapsammophila errabunda</em> (Kohl, 1901) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from Tunisia</strong></p>
Authors: BEN KHEDHER HASSIB , YILDIRIM EROL , BRAHAM MOHAMED , LJUBIMOROV TOSHKO 
Published: November 2020

The male of Parapsammophila errabunda (Kohl, 1901) is described for the first time and illustrated by digital photographs. Some ecological notes of species are included. Key words: Parapsammophila errabunda, Sphecidae, male, description, Tunisia
In vivo acoustoelectric imaging for high-resolution visualization of
cardiac electric spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Alvarez Alexander , Preston Chet , Trujillo Teodoro , Wilhite Cameron , Burton Alex , Vohnout Sonia , Witte Russell S. 
Published: November 2020

Acoustoelectric cardiac imaging (ACI) is a hybrid modality that exploits the interaction of an ultrasonic pressure wave and the resistivity of tissue to map current densities in the heart. This study demonstrates for the first time in vivo ACI in a swine model. ACI measured beat-to-beat variability (

n

=

20

) of the peak of the cardiac activation wave at one location of the left ventricle as

5.32

±

0.74

µ
V

,

3.26

±

0.54

m
m

below the epicardial surface, and

2.67

±

0.56

m
s

before the peak of the local electrogram. Cross-sectional ACI images exhibited propagation velocities of

0.192

±

0.061

m

/

s

along the epicardial–endocardial axis with an SNR of 24.9 dB. This study demonstrates beat-to-beat and multidimensional ACI, which might reveal important information to help guide electroanatomic mapping procedures during ablation therapy.
Photon-counting-based optical frequency metrology
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Thiago 
Published: November 2020

Low power can be a concern for the calibration of frequency-stabilized lasers by traditional heterodyne beating at a photodiode. On the other hand, time-correlated photon counts in a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer are able to reveal the frequency difference between a pair of few-photon laser sources. This paper evaluates the photon-counting method as a metrological tool for optical frequency calibration traced to radiation standards. Measurement procedure and uncertainty budget are developed. The method’s uncertainty is determined as 0.24 MHz from measurements with a pair of frequency-stabilized He–Ne lasers. The optical frequency traces to standard radiation with 2.9 MHz uncertainty, limited by stability of the sources used. Validation measurements using classical heterodyne technique agree within 0.12 MHz, thus establishing the photon-counting approach as a resource for frequency metrology of extremely faint laser sources.
Clinical, regional, and genetic characteristics of Covid-19 patients from UK Biobank
Authors: Kolin David A. , Kulm Scott , Christos Paul J. , Elemento Olivier 
Published: November 2020

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has rapidly infected millions of people worldwide. Recent studies suggest that racial minorities and patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of Covid-19. In this study, we analyzed the effects of clinical, regional, and genetic factors on Covid-19 positive status.

Methods
The UK Biobank is a longitudinal cohort study that recruited participants from 2006 to 2010 from throughout the United Kingdom. Covid-19 test results were provided to UK Biobank starting on March 16, 2020. The main outcome measure in this study was Covid-19 positive status, determined by the presence of any positive test for a single individual. Clinical risk factors were derived from UK Biobank at baseline, and regional risk factors were imputed using census features local to each participant’s home zone. We used robust adjusted Poisson regression with clustering by testing laboratory to estimate relative risk. Blood types were derived using genetic variants rs8176719 and rs8176746, and genomewide tests of association were conducted using logistic-Firth hybrid regression.

Results
This prospective cohort study included 397,064 UK Biobank participants, of whom 968 tested positive for Covid-19. The unadjusted relative risk of Covid-19 for Black participants was 3.66 (95% CI 2.83–4.74), compared to White participants. Adjusting for Townsend deprivation index alone reduced the relative risk to 2.44 (95% CI 1.86–3.20). Comorbidities that significantly increased Covid-19 risk included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.18–2.27), ischemic heart disease (ARR 1.48, 95% CI 1.16–1.89), and depression (ARR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.70). There was some evidence that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ARR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.93) were associated with increased risk of Covid-19. Each standard deviation increase in the number of total individuals living in a participant’s locality was associated with increased risk of Covid-19 (ARR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.20). Analyses of genetically inferred blood types confirmed that participants with type A blood had increased odds of Covid-19 compared to participants with type O blood (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33). A meta-analysis of genomewide association studies across ancestry groups did not reveal any significant loci. Study limitations include confounding by indication, bias due to limited information on early Covid-19 test results, and inability to accurately gauge disease severity.

Conclusions
When assessing the association of Black race with Covid-19, adjusting for deprivation reduced the relative risk of Covid-19 by 33%. In the context of sociological research, these findings suggest that discrimination in the labor market may play a role in the high relative risk of Covid-19 for Black individuals. In this study, we also confirmed the association of blood type A with Covid-19, among other clinical and regional factors.
Changes in gadoxetic-acid-enhanced MR imaging during the first year after irreversible electroporation of malignant hepatic tumors
Authors: Bäumler Wolf , Schicho Andreas , Schaible Jan , Verloh Niklas , Senk Karin , Wiggermann Phillip , Stroszczynski Christian , Beyer Lukas Phillip 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
To evaluate the appearance and size of ablation zones in gadoxetic-acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the first year after irreversible electroporation (IRE) of primary or secondary hepatic malignancies and to investigate potential correlations to clinical features.

Material and methods
The MRI-appearance of the ablation area was assessed 1–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after IRE. The size of the ablation zone and signal intensities of each follow-up control were compared. Moreover, relationships between clinical features and the MRI-appearance of the ablation area 1–3 days after IRE were analyzed.

Results
The ablation zone size decreased from 5.6 ± 1.4 cm (1–3 days) to 3.7±1.2 cm (1 year). A significant decrease of central hypointensities was observed in T2-blade- (3 months), T2 haste- (6 weeks; 3 months; 6 months; 1 year), T1 arterial phase- (3 months; 1 year), and diffusion-sequences (6 weeks; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 1 year). The unenhanced T1-sequences showed significantly increasing central hypointensities (6 weeks; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 1 year). Significantly increasing peripheral hypointensities were detected in T1 arterial phase- (3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 1 year) and in T1 portal venous phase-sequences (6 weeks; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 1 year). Peripheral hypointensities of unenhanced T1-sequences decreased significantly 1 year after IRE. 1–3 days after IRE central T1 portal venous hypo- or isointensities were detected significantly more often than hyperintensities, if more than 3 IRE electrodes were used.

Conclusion
Hepatic IRE results in continuous reduction of ablation zone size during the first postinterventional year. In addition to centrally decreasing T1-signal and almost steadily increasing signal in the enhanced T2 haste-, diffusion- and T1 arterial phase-sequences, there is a trend toward long-term decreasing T1 arterial- and portal venous MRI-signal intensity of the peripheral ablation area, probably representing a region of reversible electroporation.
Metodologia para Valoração Preliminar de Imóveis Rurais para Estudos de Viabilidade de Projetos de Barragens
Authors: Teixeira Victória Gibrim , Ferreira Italo  Oliveira , Calijuri Maria Lúcia , Andrade Laura Coelho de , Pinheiro Letícia Perpétuo 
Published: November 2020

Para avaliar qualquer imóvel rural de maneira tradicional, é fundamental realizar análises estatísticas baseadas em dados primários da área em estudo. Da mesma forma, para verificar a viabilidade de execução de um projeto de engenharia de grande porte, é necessário avaliar o impacto ambiental, social e econômico das áreas a serem afetadas. A avaliação econômica, normalmente, é realizada por meio de dados obtidos in loco. Em estudos preliminares, mesmo quando não se dispõe de dados primários, pode ser necessário estimativas de custo das terras para fins de avaliação de uma possível desapropriação, uma vez que estes gastos impactam no valor final do empreendimento. Diante disso, uma metodologia alternativa para cálculo de custos de uso e ocupação do solo com uso prioritário de dados secundários foi desenvolvida. A partir da definição das classes de cobertura do solo, um levantamento bibliográfico foi feito para valoração das mesmas, levando em consideração a realidade socioeconômica das regiões trabalhadas. Foi possível encontrar valores de uso direto de cada uma das classes, bem como aplicá-los nos locais de estudo. Obteve-se custos de três áreas e os resultados mostraram que a metodologia desenvolvida é, além de simples e de baixo custo, muito promissora. A viabilidade das áreas foi avaliada pelo viés econômico, identificando os locais mais viáveis para implantação de obras de engenharia, descartando as demais.
Distribusi Bahan Organik pada Sedimen Permukaan Teluk Kelabat, Pulau Bangka
Authors: Nugraha Mohammad Agung , Hudatwi Mu’alimah 
Published: November 2020

Transport of organic material in coastal areas plays an important role in the global biogeochemical cycle. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of organic material in sediments and to identify sources of organic material in the Kelabat Bay waters. TOC and TN sediments were analyzed by the Walkley Black and Kjeldahl method. The value of TOC, TN, and C/N ratio obtained in the Kelabat Bay waters sediments ranged from 0.04-7.25%, 0.04-0.14%, and 0.67-65.91. The distribution of TOC, TN, and C/N ratio in Kelabat Bay sediments shows that the value in the inner Kelabat Bay is higher than the outside. The source of organic material input in the inner Kelabat Bay comes mainly from terrestrial, while the outer Kelabat Bay mainly comes from aquatic. Transport bahan organik pada wilayah pesisir memainkan peran penting dalam siklus biogeokimia secara global. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji distribusi bahan organik pada sedimen serta identifikasi sumber bahan organik perairan Teluk Kelabat. TOC dan TN sedimen dianalisis dengan metode Walkley Black dan Kjeldahl. Nilai TOC, TN, dan rasio C/N yang diperoleh pada sedimen perairan Teluk Kelabat berkisar antara 0,04-7,25%, 0,04-0,14%, dan 0,67-65,91. Distribusi TOC, TN, serta rasio C/N pada sedimen Teluk Kelabat memperlihatkan nilai pada Teluk Kelabat bagian dalam lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian luar. Sumber masukan bahan organik pada Teluk Kelabat bagian dalam utamanya berasal dari terestrial, sedangkan Teluk Kelabat bagian luar utamanya berasal dari akuatik.
Integral representation for energies in linear elasticity with surface discontinuities
Authors: Crismale Vito , Friedrich Manuel , Solombrino Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we prove an integral representation formula for a general class of energies defined on the space of generalized special functions of bounded deformation (GSBDp{\mathrm{GSBD}^{p}}) in arbitrary space dimensions. Functionals of this type naturally arise in the modeling of linear elastic solids with surface discontinuities including phenomena as fracture, damage, surface tension between different elastic phases, or material voids. Our approach is based on the global method for relaxation devised in [G. Bouchitté, I. Fonseca and L. Mascarenhas, A global method for relaxation, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 145 1998, 1, 51–98] and a recent Korn-type inequality inGSBDp{\mathrm{GSBD}^{p}}, cf. [F. Cagnetti, A. Chambolle and L. Scardia, Korn and Poincaré–Korn inequalities for functions with a small jump set, preprint 2020]. Our general strategy also allows to generalize integral representation results inSBDp{\mathrm{SBD}^{p}}, obtained in dimension two [S. Conti, M. Focardi and F. Iurlano, Integral representation for functionals defined onSBDp\mathrm{SBD}^{p}in dimension two, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 223 2017, 3, 1337–1374], to higher dimensions, and to revisit results in the framework of generalized special functions of bounded variation (GSBVp{\mathrm{GSBV}^{p}}).