bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Maize Using Silicon Nutrition
Authors: RAZA Muhammad Mohsin , ULLAH Sami , AZIZ Tariq , ABBAS Tanveer , YOUSAF Malik Muhammad , ALTAY Volkan , OZTURK Munir 
Published: December 2019

Improving salinity tolerance through mineral nutrition in plants is emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture under limited resources. Silicon (Si) is considered as silver bullet to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was conducted to understand the new mechanisms of Si nutrition against salinity stress in two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (‘Syngenta-8441’ and ‘Pearl’). Three different levels of NaCl (0.67, 8 and 13 dSm-1) were used with and without addition of silicic acid (2 mM). Distilled water was used for irrigation purposes and crop was harvested after 40 days of post germination. Results indicated that plant biomass reduced under saline condition while Si application increased growth parameters. Data regarding chemical analysis showed that Si nutrition reduced Na+ concentration and enhanced K+ levels in root, shoot, new and old leaves of ‘Sygenta 8441’ compared to ‘Pearl’ maize variety. Si application improved both chlorophyll a and b in both maize cultivars compared to NaCl-treated plants. The current findings indicate that Si nutrition can alleviate salinity stress in maize without decreasing growth attributes of crop and ‘Sygenta 8441’ is a salt resistant variety whereas ‘Pearl’ is a salt sensitive variety.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Adaptive Strategies of Structures that Enhance Invasion in Sicyos angulatus
Authors: ZHAO Fengxi , YAN Shihui , LI Meihui , LIU Xinyu , ZHANG Xinwan , CAO Yong , ZHAO Hong 
Published: December 2019

Sicyos angulatus may become an extremely dangerous invasive plant depending on its ability to naturalize and outcompete other species. To further understand the adaptive strategies of structures that could enhance its competitiveness, field surveys and experimental studies were conducted in plant communities where invasion may occur. The results showed that multistage branches of tendrils ensured that the plants could climb higher to strive for better photosynthetic opportunities. The single fleshy fruit of the infructescence was carpeted with slender white spines on which dense barbs were arranged, which could defend fruits against herbivores and contributed to long-distance dispersal. There would be beaklike lignified thorn forming to continue spreading when most of the barbed spines fell off during the fruit season. Rootstock was found in this herbaceous vine, which could accumulate various storage substances during development and helped the plants spread in harsh conditions. Moreover, the discovery of ants as new pollinators enriched the pollination system of S. angulatus, which greatly enhanced pollination efficiency. Above all, we conclude that this species has diverse adaptive strategies and a strong invasive capacity. It is urgent to find some way to slow or even stop its invasion effectively.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Extracts from Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. on the Seedling Growth of Six Test Plants
Authors: KRUMSRI Ramida , BOONMEE Sutjaritpan , KATO-NOGUCHI Hisashi 
Published: December 2019

Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This plant has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, however, there has been no report related to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the aqueous methanol extracts of D. imbricata were examined for possible allelopathic activity against the seedling growth of dicotyledonous plants; lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous plants; barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). D. imbricata extracts exhibited a significant inhibition on the seedling growth of all the test plant species at the concentration ≥ 0.01 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The seedling growth of lettuce showed the highest inhibition with D. imbricata extracts followed by alfalfa and cress, whereas the least inhibition was found on the seedling growth of timothy. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of all the test plant species were in the range of 0.003 to 0.067 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.018 to 0.026 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. In addition considering the I50 values, the root growth of the test plant species was more sensitive to D. imbricata extracts than their shoot growth, except cress seedling. These results indicated that D. imbricata may possess allelopathic activity and may contain allelopathic substances.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Roles of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Natural and Dark-Induced Senescence in Wheat Leaf Segments
Authors: GÖREN-SAĞLAM Nihal , ÇEKIÇ Fazilet Özlem 
Published: December 2019

Senescence is an important developmental process in the life span of a plant. It is affected by several endogenous and exogenous factors such as hormones, darkness, and drought. Hormones are major endogenous factors that affect senescence intensively. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators; benzyl adenin (BA), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on both natural and dark-induced senescence and on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in wheat leaf segments. Following the incubation, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; peroxidase activity, soluble protein, GABA and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and cell death amount were determined. Our results demonstrate that Spm and Spd accelerated senescence under light and delayed it under dark conditions. BA has delayed leaf senescence under both conditions. Cell death and MDA content showed a correlation with the senescence process. GABA content was enhanced considerably by BA, Spm and Spd applications under light conditions. According to our results we can conclude that Spm and Spd could promote senescence on wheat segments under light conditions, whereas inhibit senescence under dark conditions. In addition, BA could retard the deleterious effects on senescence under both light and dark conditions.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Total Phenol, Antioxidant and Allelopathy Assay, and Meiosis Study of Lampranthus spectabilis and Aptenia cordifolia
Authors: HASHEMLOIAN Babak Delnavaz , AZIMI Azra Ataei , REZAKANLOU Reza 
Published: December 2019

Lamperanthus spectabilis and Aptenia cordifolia (Aiozaceae) are two ornamental plants. A little information is available about their active compounds and meiosis’ process. In this study, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, allelopathy effects and meiosis’ process of pollen mother cells of L. spectabilis and A. cordifolia were studied. The alcohol extract was used for phenol, antioxidant and allelopathy assay along with young buds for meiosis study. The stamens and petals of both plants possessed the highest phenol and antioxidant effects. All extracts of L. spectabilis and A. cordifolia had small inhibitory effects on mungbeen seed germination and seedlings growth. The allelopathy effect of both plants on barley seed germination and seedlings growth was significant especially for A. cordifolia. The count of chromosomes in meiosis revealed that the chromosome number of A. cordifolia was 2n=12 and 2n=18 for L. spetabilis. The meiosis in both plants was normal and the chromosomes were very small. Our results revealed that the extracts of all organs of both plants; specially stamens and petals, have a lot antioxidant activity. They had not allelopathic effects on seed germination’ and seedlings growth’ mungbeen and barley. Chromosome number of two plants was different but meiosis process and chromosomes size was similar.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Drought Avoidance and Phenotypic Flexibility of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Under Water Scarcity Conditions
Authors: GOUVEIA Carla , GANANÇA José F. T. , De NÓBREGA Humberto G. M. , De FREITAS José G. R. , LEBOT Vincent , CARVALHO Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de 
Published: December 2019

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important staple food in several regions of the world. Water scarcity is the most devastating abiotic stress, with a great impact on crop productivity, food security, and subsistence. Drought restricts the nutrient intake and transport into the plant. Tolerant crops have morphological mechanisms of drought avoidance and/or phenotypic flexibility, showing also good water and nutrient efficiency. However, that information is scarce for sweet potato, which is usually based on physiological traits of plant productivity. Here, we show the physiological responses of eight sweet potato accessions subjected to a 3 months’ drought period, by recording their differences for nutrient and leaf chlorophyll content, biomass and stress level. Our results showed that the differences in water use efficiency (WUE, +68.1%), chlorophyll content index (CCI, -5.3%), total plant biomass (TPB, -55.4%), nutrient efficiency (NER, +38.1%) and nutrient harvest index (NHI, +2.9%) where significantly correlated with the water regime. The water shortage led to a drought avoidance response, with TPB loss in all accessions. Distinct phenotypic flexibility responses were also recorded and explained by the root:shoot ratio (R:S) and stress index (SI) variation of the storage root and shoot growth. This information could be relevant for the development of sweet potato breeding programs, adapting this crop to climate change.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Effects of Shading on Carbohydrates of Syzygium samarangense
Authors: JIAN Ying , WU Guolin , ZHOU Donghui , HU Zhiqun , QUAN Zhenxuan , ZHOU Biyan 
Published: December 2019

Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) is an important tropical fruit tree cultivated in Southeast Asian. It produces red pear-like shape fruits. The fruit flesh is considered high in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that have a potential to contribute to the human healthy diet, and was proved to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial characteristics. To allow year-round marketing of high quality wax apple fruit, growers always perform shading to inhibit new flushes so as to repress vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. To investigate the effect of shading on carbohydrates, wax apple trees were shaded with sun shade nets under field conditions. The effects of shading on shoot growth were studied and leaf carbohydrate levels of the trees were determined. The results showed that shading inhibit the the growth of the terminal shoots and promoted bud dormancy. Shading also reduced total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch levels of leaves. The results suggested that shading reduced carbohydrate accumulation and repressed vegetative growth.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Impact of Media on Air-layering in the Propagation of Dennettia tripetala (Annonaceae), and Its Micro-morphological Characteristics
Authors: YAKUBU Fred Bayo , CHUKWUMA Emmanuel Chukwudi , AWOSAN Elizabeth Adetutu 
Published: December 2019

A systematic study was carried out on Dennettia tripetala to establish an alternative method of propagation and further provide complementary characters for the identification of the species especially in sterile conditions. All methods followed those of previous authors of related studies. Findings from the silvicultural aspect revealed that it is very possible to successfully propagate the species via air-layering, using good quality materials. Top soil performed better than saw dust substrate. The roots appeared and developed much faster than those of the saw dust, before it was harvested and potted. Micro-morphological examination of the foliar epidermises also showed that the species is hypostomatic, while epidermal cells are predominantly polygonal, measuring 37.1 x 22.0 µm and 30.4 x 15.4 µm in size on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces respectively, and with straight to sinose anticlinal walls. Stomata is anomocytic, up to 32.2 x 17.6 µm in size. Wood is vesseless with tyloses present and gums totally absent. Ray multiserate. Pollen grains are predominantly spheroidal with scabrate surface and thin exine. Further studies on other aspects may reveal more useful information about D. tripetala.
Approximating Weighted and Priced Bribery in Scoring Rules
Authors: Keller Orgad , Hassidim Avinatan , Hazon Noam 
Published: December 2019

The classic Bribery problem is to find a minimal subset of voters who need to change their vote to make some preferred candidate win. Its important generalizations consider voters who are weighted and also have different prices. We provide an approximate solution for these problems for a broad family of scoring rules (which includes Borda and t-approval), in the following sense: for constant weights and prices, if there exists a strategy which costs k, we efficiently find a strategy which costs at most k+\widetilde{O}(sqrt(k)). An extension for non-constant weights and prices is also given.
Our algorithm is based on a randomized reduction from these Bribery generalizations to weighted coalitional manipulation (WCM). To solve this WCM instance, we apply the Birkhoff-von Neumann (BvN) decomposition to a fractional manipulation matrix. This allows us to limit the size of the possible ballot search space reducing it from exponential to polynomial, while still obtaining good approximation guarantees. Finding a solution in the truncated search space yields a new algorithm for WCM, which is of independent interest.
Chemical transformations at carbothermal reduction of barium and boron from oxides
Authors: Akberdin A. A. , Karbaev M. M. 
Published: December 2019

Alloys of boron and barium are applied to improve the quality of cast iron, steel, aluminum and other metals. The first industry produces mainly in the form of ferroboron, containing 6 – 17 % of boron depending on the brand. It is produced by an expensive aluminothermic method due to the use of boric anhydride and aluminum powder. At the same time, presence of aluminum in the metal is inevitable, it degrades the technological properties of cast iron and forms line alumina inclusions in steel. Extra-furnace removal of Al leads to oxidation of boron and its loss with slags. Therefore, the authors have proposed new methods for smelting boron-containing ferroalloys. Recent developments include the production technology of boron-containing ferrosilicon, which has been tested in industrial conditions. But its use may be limited in smelting of low-silicon steel grades. Barium is an eﬀective modifier. Due to its low solubility in iron, it is produced in the form of alloys with silicon or aluminum. In the first case, silicides (BaSi, BaSi2 ) are formed and therefore such alloys are called silicon barium or ferrosilicon with barium. In present work, there has been studied the possibility of producing modifier with boron and barium ferroalloy. It was believed that the simultaneous presence of barium and boron in it can be demand for industry. At the first stage, chemistry of transformations in BaO– B2O3 – C ironless system was considered using the carbothermic method. A complete thermodynamic analysis of chemical interactions in this system was performed in the temperature range of 1400 – 3000 K. Possibility of the formation of a condensed metal phase due to boron carbides (B4C) and barium (BaC2 ), as well as barium hexaboride (BaB6 ) is shown. The obtained data can serve as the basis for creation of a new ferroalloy simultaneously containing boron and barium.
Influence of boron modification and cooling conditions during solidification on structural and phase state of heat- and wear-resistant white cast iron
Authors: Kolokol’tsev V. M. , Petrochenko E. V. , Molochkova O. S. 
Published: December 2019

The paper is devoted to examination of the eﬀect of boron modification and temperature conditions for metal cooling in a mold on phase composition, morphology and chemical composition of structural components of heatand wear-resistant white cast iron of Fe – C– Cr– Mn – Ni – Ti–Al – Nb system. The phase composition of the metallic base changed from the dualphase (α- and γ-phases) to the completely single-phase (γ-phase). Boron modification influenced on the type of secondary carbides, while secondary hardening in a mold occurs through extraction of dispersed niobium carbides (without boron, but with chromium carbides). The structure of modified cast iron is presented by the primary complex carbides (Ti, Nb, Cr, Fe)C, as well as by solid solution dendrites, eutectics and secondary carbides MeC. Boron addition changes the chemical composition of primary carbides with decrease of niobium content from 44 to 2 % and increase of titanium content from 24 to 65 %; content of eutectic carbides rises as well. As for hypereutectic carbides, they are characterized by increase of ferrum content and lowering of chrome content. Parameters of the primary phases (MeC carbides and solid solution dendrites) were investigated using the methods of quantitative metallography. The special technique of Thixomet PRO image analyzer was used for evaluation of the F form factor which is the criterion of compatibility of the primary phases. The following parameters were used in this work as the parameters of dendrite structure: dispersity of the dendrite structure (δ), volumetric part of dendrites (V), distance between the axes of second order dendrites (λ2 ), form factor (F), average dimensions of dendrites – square (S), length (l) and width (β). All the suggested characteristics (parameters) allowed not only to provide quantitative evaluation of the dendrite structure, but also to determine modification degree as relative variation (in %) of each criterion in modified cast iron in comparison with non-modified iron. Quantitative relation between modification degree and crystallization conditions were established as well.
2-ÇDM Tutum Ölçeğinin Üniversite Öğrencilerine Uyarlanması ve Çevreye Yönelik Tutumun Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KILIÇ Çınar , GİRGİN Sönmez 
Published: December 2019

Her kademede öğrenim gören öğrencinin çevreye yönelik tutumları belirlenerek sonuçlara göre çevre eğitim programları düzenlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencileri için Türkçeye uyarlanmış olan İki faktörlü Çevresel Değerler Modeli (2-ÇDM) tutum ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencilerine uyarlanması ve üniversite öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Ölçek, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması için üniversitede öğrenim gören 312 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin üniversite düzeyine uygunluğuna doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile bakılmıştır. Ölçek “Koruma” ve “Kullanma” adında iki faktör ve 20 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin tamamı için Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .83; koruma boyutu için .83 ve kullanma boyutu için .71 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ölçeğin yapısının üniversite düzeyine uygun olduğunu göstermiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik tutumunu çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirmek için ölçek 100 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Cinsiyet ve çevre kuruluşuna üyelik bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamışken eğitim ve sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur.
Notes on the classification of <i>Ctenocolletes</i> (Hymenoptera: Stenotritidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: December 2019

Three new subgenera are established within the Australian bee genus Ctenocolletes Cockerell (Stenotritidae). Three species are placed in Ctenocolletopsis Engel, new subgenus, distinguished most notably by the absence of both female arolia and prominent metasomal setal bands, and the non-convergent male compound eyes. The species Ctenocolletes fulvescens Houston is assigned to the monotypic Houstonapis Engel, new subgenus, owing to the unique absence of a male pygidial plate (similar in this respect to Stenotritus Smith) and the orange brown integument of the metasoma, while C. tigris Houston is placed in Tirgiocolletes Engel, new subgenus.