bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of taurine supplementation in low fish meal diets for red seabream (Pagrus major) in low water temperature season
Authors: Gunathilaka G. L. B. E. , Kim Min-Gi , Lee Chorong , Shin Jaehyeong , Lee Bong-Joo , Lee Kyeong-Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTaurine is a conditional essential amino acid for fish. A study was conducted to investigate the compensating effect of supplemental taurine in diets for red seabream (Pagrus major) on impaired growth performance by fish meal (FM) replacement with soybean meal (SM) at low water temperature (14.15 ± 1.95 °C).MethodsA FM-based diet was considered as a high FM diet and three other experimental diets were formulated to replace FM with SM by 20, 35, or 50% (HFM, SM20, SM35, or SM50, respectively) without taurine and other four diets were formulated by adding 1% taurine to the diets (HFM-T, SM20-T, SM35-T, or SM50-T, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (108.9 ± 1.58 g/fish) were distributed into 24 polyvinyl circular tanks (215 L) with 20 fish per tank and fed one of the diets to satiation for 20 weeks.ResultsGrowth performance and feed utilization of red seabream were significantly improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. SM20-T and SM35-T diets increased fish growth that are comparable to HFM diet. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed SM20-T and SM35-T diets were not significantly different from those of HFM group. Dietary taurine supplementation in each FM replaced group numerically increased innate immunity of the fish. Lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in fish fed SM35, SM50, and SM50-T diets compared to those of fish fed HFM diet while they were not significantly lower in SM20, SM20-T, SM35, and SM35-T groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in fish group fed SM50 diet while SM50-T group did not significantly lower compared to that of HFM group. The relative expression level of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA was improved in fish fed taurine-supplemented diets compared to their respective SM diets.ConclusionsGrowth performance and feed utilization of red seabream can be accelerated or restored by 1% taurine supplementation when they are fed high level of SM up to 35% in diets during low water temperature season.
Optimized chronomodulated dual release bilayer tablets of fexofenadine and montelukast: quality by design, development, and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Saini Geetanjali , Vyas Manish , Verma Surajpal , Thakur Sourav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The conventional oral dosage forms are not effective in dealing with chronopathological conditions, such as nocturnal asthma. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop a delivery system that can deliver drug as per the chronopharmacology of the diseases. The purpose of the study is to use quality by design (QbD) technique and pulsatile principles for the development of Eudragit-coated dual release bilayer tablets. The dual layer consists of immediate release layer of fexofenadine HCl and sustained release layer of montelukast sodium.

Results
The quality target product profile of the formulation was developed, and the critical quality attributes were identified. Three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization of the bilayer tablets. Based on the design, a total of 13 formulation combinations (F1–F13 and M1–M13) were made having acceptable micromeritic properties. The developed immediate and sustained release layers were evaluated for physicochemical properties. Depending upon the value of the diffusion exponent, the Fickian diffusion mechanism is dominant among immediate and sustained release tablet layers. Response curve for immediate release layer showed that concentrations of sodium starch glycolate and sodium bicarbonate had a negative effect on disintegration time and a positive effect on drug release. For sustained release tablet layer, concentrations of HPMC E 5 LV and magnesium stearate had a significant effect on drug release. The ANOVA and diagnostic plots confirmed the significance and goodness of fit of the used model. Based on desirability plot values, optimized formulation was developed and coated with Eudragit coat. The coated bilayer tablet showed met the requirement of providing an immediate release during the first hour and a sustained release action for a period of more than 8 h after passing the gastric region.

Conclusions
The formulation can be fruitful in curbing the menace of nocturnal asthma and providing a high degree of patient compliance as the patient will not have to wake up at night to take the medication.
Ethnic disparities in psychotic experiences explained by area-level syndemic effects
Authors: Coid Jeremy , Gonzalez Rodriguez Rafael , Kallis Constantinos , Zhang Yamin , Bhui Kamaldeep , De Stavola Bianca , Bebbington Paul , Ullrich Simone 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundEthnic inequalities in health outcomes are often explained by socioeconomic status and concentrated poverty. However, ethnic disparities in psychotic experiences are not completely attenuated by these factors.AimsWe investigated whether disparities are better explained by interactions between individual risk factors and place-based clustering of disadvantage, termed a syndemic.MethodWe performed a cross-sectional survey of 3750 UK men, aged 18–34 years, oversampling Black and minority ethnic (BME) men nationally, together with men residing in London Borough of Hackney. Participants completed questionnaires covering psychiatric symptoms, substance misuse, crime and violence, and risky sexual health behaviours. We included five psychotic experiences and a categorical measure of psychosis based on the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire.ResultsAt national level, more Black men reported psychotic experiences but disparities disappeared following statistical adjustment for social position. However, large disparities for psychotic experiences in Hackney were not attenuated by adjustment for social factors in Black men (adjusted odds ratio, 3.24; 95% CI 2.14–4.91; P < 0.002), but were for South Asian men. A syndemic model of joint effects, adducing a four-component latent variable (psychotic experiences and anxiety, substance dependence, high-risk sexual behaviour and violence and criminality) showed synergy between components and explained persistent disparities in psychotic experiences. A further interaction confirmed area-level effects (Black ethnicity × Hackney residence, 0.834; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSyndemic effects result in higher rates of non-affective psychosis among BME persons in certain inner-urban settings. Further research should investigate how syndemics raise levels of psychotic experiences and related health conditions in Black men in specific places with multiple deprivations.
Does Weight Matter? Outcomes in Adult Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation When Stratified by Obesity Class
Authors: Galvagno Samuel M. , Pelekhaty Stacy , Cornachione Christopher R. , Deatrick Kristopher B. , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Scalea Thomas M. , Menaker Jay 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:
Many believe obesity is associated with higher rates of mortality in the critically ill. The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and survival in patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute hypoxic or hypercarbic respiratory failure.

METHODS:
All of the patients admitted to a dedicated VV ECMO unit were included. Patients <18 years of age, listed for lung transplant, or underweight were excluded. ECMO outcomes, including hospital length of stay and survival to discharge, were analyzed after stratification according to BMI. Multivariate logistic and linear regression techniques were used to assess variables associated with the outcomes of death and length of stay, respectively.

RESULTS:
One hundred ninety-four patients with a median BMI of 35.7 kg/m2 (33–42 kg/m2) were included. Obese patients were older, had higher creatinine levels, and required higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure and mean airway pressure at time of cannulation. Survival to discharge in any group did not differ when stratified by BMI classification (P = .36). Multivariable regression did not reveal any association with greater odds of death or longer length of stay when controlling for BMI and other variables.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not detect an association between obesity and increased mortality in patients requiring VV ECMO for acute hypoxic or hypercarbic respiratory failure. These data suggest that obesity alone should not exclude candidacy for VV ECMO. Evidence for the “obesity paradox” in this population of VV ECMO patients may be supported by these data.
Prophylactic HIPEC in pT4 Colon Tumors: Proactive Approach or Overtreatment?
Authors: Arrizabalaga Nerea Borda , Navascués José María Enriquez , Echaniz Garazi Elorza , Ansorena Yolanda Saralegui , Galán Carlos Placer , Martín Xabier Arteaga , Pardo Leyre Velaz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The peritoneum is the second most common site for metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Various factors have been studied to identify patients at risk of developing peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), including T4 tumors. The objectives were to assess the incidence of synchronous and metachronous PC, explore potential risk factors for developing PC as the only site of metastasis, and identify which patients might be candidates for prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 125 patients with pT4 colon cancer who underwent surgery in a single center between January 2010 and December 2014.

Results
Of the 947 colon cancer patients who underwent surgery, 125 (13.2%) were diagnosed with pT4a or b colon carcinoma. The median follow-up was 3.7 years. The overall rate of PC was 34.3%, being synchronous in 12% and metachronous in 22.3% of cases. The 8% and 6% of synchronous and metachronous cases of PC respectively were isolated (single site) metastasis. The incidence of PC was 6.1% at 1 year and 14.5% at 3 years after surgery. pT4 was not found to be an independent risk factor for the development of PC (p = 0.231). Nonetheless, the rate of metachronous PC as a single site of metastasis was higher in patients with pT4 tumors and peritoneal nodules around the primary tumor and/or tumor perforation (p = 0.027) and/or who underwent emergency surgery (p = 0.043) than other patients.

Conclusions
Considering pT4 tumor stage as the only risk factor for the development of PC in deciding whether to administer prophylactic HIPEC would lead to unjustified overtreatment.
Screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Mwangala Patrick N. , Newton Charles R. , Abas Melanie , Abubakar Amina 
Published: October 2019

Background: People living with HIV are at risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) which adversely affects their quality of life. Routine screening of HAND in HIV care is recommended to identify clinically important changes in cognitive functioning and allow for early interventions. However, HAND detection in routine clinical practice has never been reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), partly due to a lack of adequately standardized screening tools. This review was conducted to identify the commonly used screening tools for HAND in SSA and document their psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: We searched Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Sciences databases for empirical studies published from 1/1/1980 to 31/8/2018 on HAND among adults living with HIV in SSA. Results: We identified 14 eligible studies, of which 9 were from South Africa. The International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was the most frequently reported tool, being used in more than half of the studies. However most studies only reported the diagnostic accuracy of this and other tools, with specificity ranging from 37% to 81% and sensitivity ranging from 45% to 100%. Appropriate data on construct validity and reliability of tools was rarely documented. Although most tools performed well in screening for severe forms of HAND, they lacked sensitivity and specificity for mild forms of HAND. NeuroScreen, one of the newer tools, yielded good diagnostic accuracy in its initial evaluation in South Africa (81% to 93% sensitivity and 71% to 81% specificity). Conclusions: This review identified a lack of adequately standardized and contextually relevant HAND screening tools in SSA. Most screening tools for HAND used in SSA possess inadequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy. There is a need for further validation of existing tools and development of new HAND screening tools in SSA.
Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice (SALIBU)
Authors: Oda Masato , Nguyen Huu Chiem , Huynh Van Thao 
Published: October 2019

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and could be used for the cultivation of perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect size and the robustness of each management practice.Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L16 orthogonal array design pot experiment. For the robustness, we duplicated the experiment under both standard and checked whether the practice shows the same effect size. The bad conditions were low plant density, no fertilization, continuous flooding water management, and late harvesting.Results: The ratoon rice yield was proportional to the number of ratoon tillers used as in conventionally produced ratoon rice. Late cutting was most affected to the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, this effect was reversed; the effect was positive under bad conditions, but was negative under standard conditions. Furthermore, late irrigation, a recommended management practice, had a robust negative effect on ratoon tillers and yield under both the conditions. Positive large effects were shown in the bad condition only.Discussion: Our results show that the SALIBU cropping method includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The practices have unstable effects should be clarifying the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis.Conclusions: SALIBU will be acceptable to the Mekong Delta triple cropping rice cultivation without the additional practice of original SALIBU cropping method. However, further work is needed to clarify the interaction between late cutting and the cultivation condition, and on the negative effect of late irrigation.
TRENDS OF MORBIDITY AND CHRONIZATION INDEX IN FEMALE TEENAGERS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Бантьева М. , Bant'eva M. , Маношкина Е. , Manoshkina E. , Кузнецова В. , Kuznecova V. 
Published: October 2019

An increase in the incidence of the population, including children and adolescents occurs in recent decades in the Russian Federation. The growth rates of the total and the first time registered incidence of young men aged 15–17 years are analyzed for the period 2000–2017, according to the data of the Federal Statistical Observation. An increase in the overall incidence of young men by 35.8% was detected, for the first time registered incidence — by 35.4%. The maximum increase in overall morbidity is observed in the following classes: neoplasms (up to 2,6 times), diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (2 times), congen-
ital anomalies (malformations) (1,8 times), diseases of the circulatory system (1,7 times), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (1,6 times), diseases of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders (1,5 times). The indicator of “chronicity” of diseases was calculated, based on the data of the total and for the first time registered incidence. With a general growth rate of this indicator 0.3%, there is a significant increase for some of classes of diseases: mental disorders and behavioral disorders (2,1 times), congenital anomalies (malformations) (1,9 times), diseases of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders (1,5 times).
The Role and Training of Hospital Paediatric Nurses in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Biddulph John 
Published: October 2019

Demands for health services are increasing in all countries of the world.
Both affluent and less affluent countries are starting to realise to the importance of nurse practitioners to enable comprehensive health services to be made available to more people at cheaper cost.
The training programme for hospital paediatric nurses in Papua New Guinea has been designed to allow them to carry out effectively their future role of taking responsibility for the screening, diagnosis and initial treatment of sick children pending the availability of a doctor.
The nurses receive practical on the job training by rotating through specific areas during the one year post basic course in paediatric nursing. The areas are acute paediatric ward, gastroenteritis ward, special care nursery, paediatric outpatients, nutrition rehabilitation unit and MCH clinics.
The nurses learn to diagnose the common acute paediatric illnesses. They learn standardised management regimens for each of these common childhood illnesses.
They also learn how to carry out the practical procedures required to allow them to diagnose and treat these illnesses, and become skilled in doing such procedures as lumbar punctures and intravenous rehydration.
Electrocardiographic Pattern in the Newborn During the First Week of Life
Authors: Affandi Maemunah , Madiyono Bambang , H. Sutarto , Hanafiah Asikin 
Published: October 2019

One hundred and sixteen babies were given electrocardiogram examination on the 1st day until the 7th day of birth as well as the examination at 3 and 6 months.
There were definite changes in the heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T axis, and T wave of the right precordial leads on the 1st day, especially on the 1st hours of birth. These changes may be caused by physiological adjustment after birth and anatomical changes like the closing of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. There were changes on the second day and thereafter caused by increased activities of the left side of the heart. Observations were made on ECG examination on fullterm normal babies on the 1st week of birth. Genetic factors should not be ignored (Sutin and Schrire, 1964) as data gathered in this study have shown some differences from data gathered in other studies.
Positive Tuberculin and Primary Tuberculosis Frequency among Non-BCG Children of 0-4 years (Preliminary Report)
Authors: Soenarto Jati , Surjono Achmad , Ismail Djauhari , Sunartini Sunartini , Dirdjohusodo Soekardi 
Published: October 2019

The tuberculin test, rontgen photos, and nutritional condition of babies and pre-school children admitted to the Department of Child Health, University of Gadjah Mada Hospital, revealed:
- A very high tuberculin index among the children examined, especially those under one year of age, much higher than the figures ever to be reported in Indonesia.
- A direct correlation between the size of induration and the likelihood of finding pulmonary abnormalities.
- A close relationship between deficient nutritional status and rontgenologic abnormalities of the lungs.
We think that deficient nutritional status develops due to the presence of tuberculosis infection. Based on the factors mentioned above, in the national campaign against tuberculosis the following should be considered :
- BCG at the earliest possible moment (neonatal period/life).
- INH chemoprophylactic to all positive contact children will effectively prevent clinical manifestation as well as improve nutritional status.
Difference in Severity of Tuberculosis in Children with or without a BCG Scar
Authors: Santosa Gunadi , Syamsuri Makmuri Muhammad , Djelantik I Gusti Gde , Projogo Elisabeth , Ranuh I Gusti Nyoman Gde 
Published: October 2019

Tuberculosis can also be found in BCG vaccinated children. An attempt is made to know the difference in severity of tuberculosis in children vaccinated or not vaccinated with BCG.'.
Our impression is that tuberculosis occurs less frequent and less severe among BCG vaccinated children compared with unvaccinated children.
Hypovolemic Shock Complicating Nephrotic Syndrome in a Child
Authors: Kosnadi Lydia , W. Rochmanadji , Sumantri A. G. , Trimulyo Trimulyo , Anwar M. Rofiq 
Published: October 2019

The fundamental abnormality in nephrotic syndrome is the structural and electrochemical changes that have been documented to occur in the glomerular basement membrane lead to proteinuria. It is the proteinuria itself which most likely causes hypoalbuminemia and associated complications such as infections, hypercoagulability and hypovolemia. Hypovolemia may cause postural hypotension, acute renal failure, circulatory collaps or sudden death.
An eleven-year-old boy was referred to the Child Health Department of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang with a diagnosis of corticosteroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. Physical examination showed a severely ill boy with general edema, shock, hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, massive proteinuria and disturbed renal function.
The treatment consisted of infusion of dextrose 10% followed by human plasma and furosemide to restore plasma volume and enhance urine production. Two days later he was in better condition, normovolemia, slight edema, good diuresis, but his blood pressure increased, and ophtalmologic examination supported the diagnosis of grade I hypertensive retinopathy. Intravenous clonidine and furosemide were given and were very effective. Kidney biopsy revealed minimal lesion with slight proliferation.
Anthropometry of Newborn Infants Born in 14 Teaching Centers in Indonesia
Authors: Alisjahbana Anna , Chaerulfatah Alex , Usman Ali , Sutresnawati Sri 
Published: October 2019

Percentile curves representing intrauterine growth of Indonesian infants ranging from 34 to 43 weeks of gestation in 14 teaching centers were constructed from birth weight, birth length, and head, mid-upper arm, and chest circumferences. The gestational age was determined based on the last menstrual period. Mothers with probable chronic diseases or pregnancy complications were excluded. Included for analysis were 5844 singleton newborns. The mean birth weight of Indonesian babies was higher for gestational age of 34-38 weeks, but lower at 40-42 weeks of gestation compared with that of the Denver study. The results showed that the mean birth weight of Denver's newborns was significantly different than that of the Indonesian infants, therefore the Denver intrauterine growth curve cannot be used as reference curve for Indonesian newborns. Baby boys in general bad a higher mean birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and chest circumference. No difference was found for arm circumference. For every gestational age and percentiles, later born infants were heavier than first born infants. Birth weight at 42 weeks was lower for first born infants, this was not shown in later-born infants which showed higher weight for each percentiles. Parity affected birth weight more than birth length. Birth length became more stable at 39 weeks. Chest circumference of < 29 em had the highest sensitivit,y and positive predictive value for low birth weight, followed by arm circumference of < 9 cm. The use of intrauterine growth chart in studying the nutritional status of babies at birth was described.