bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous modeling of Binary Responses: A sequence of binary models and Ordinal multinomial with Bayesian estimates impacting HIV/AIDS
Authors: Dornelles Adriana , Fang Di , Wang Ying , Wilson Jeffrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In this research, we examined several binary factors impact binary outcomes simultaneous and how the information of HIV/AIDS is perceived by the public is associated with outcomes to HIV/AIDS.Methods: We used polytomous responses through a sequence of binary models and a multinomial logistic regression model with Bayesian estimates to analyze the 2009 Mozambique survey data as it pertains to blood test, heard of HIV/AIDS and heard about campaign.Results: The analysis reveals that both heard about HIV and heard about the campaign are represented differentially in testing positive. Wealth, education and thinking of risk is positively associated with heard about HIV and heard about the campaign regardless of HIV. However, religious is a positive factor for social efforts of hearing of HIV/AIDS and the campaign. Both the polytomous response model and the ordinal model with model gave the same findings in regards to the marginal mean. However, the polytomous (conditional) models gave additional information about education.Conclusions: While knowledge of the disease continues to be important, the future social effort to combat HIV in Mozambique may need different strategies in different subpopulation groups.
Longitudinal functional changes with clinically significant radiographic progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: are we following the right parameters?
Authors: Taha Nada , D'Amato Dejanira , Hosein Karishma , Ranalli Tiziana , Sergiacomi Gianluigi , Zompatori Maurizio , Mura Marco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. Progression of the disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is difficult to predict, due to its variable and heterogenous course. The relationship between radiographic progression and functional decline in IPF is unclear. We sought to confirm that a simple HRCT fibrosis visual score is a reliable predictor of mortality in IPF, when longitudinally followed; and to ascertain which pulmonary functional variables best reflect clinically significant radiographic progression. Methods: One-hundred-twenty-three consecutive patients with IPF from 2 centers were followed for an average of 3 years. Longitudinal changes of HRCT fibrosis scores, forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide were considered. HRCTs were scored by 2 chest radiologists. The primary outcome was lung transplant (LTx)-free survival after the follow-up HRCT. Results: During the follow-up period, 43 deaths and 11 LTx occurred. On average, the HRCT fibrosis score increased significantly, and a longitudinal increase >7% predicted LTx-free survival significantly, with good specificity, but limited sensitivity. The correlation between radiographic and functional progression was moderately significant. HRCT progression and FVC decline predicted LTx-free survival independently and significantly, with better sensitivity, but worse specificity for a ≥5% decline of FVC. However, the area under the curve towards LTx-survival were only 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. Conclusions: The HRCT fibrosis visual score is a reliable and responsive tool to detect clinically meaningful disease progression. Although no individual pulmonary function test closely reflects radiographic progression, a longitudinal FVC decline improves sensitivity in the detection of clinically significant disease progression. However, the accuracy of these methods remains limited, and better prognostication models need to be found.
Radiological manifestations from 101 patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Hamadan, West of Iran: Typical and atypical findings
Authors: Gharekhanloo Farideh , Hashemi Seyyed Hamid , Keramat Fariba , Esna-Ashari Farzaneh , Mamani Mojgan , Majzoubi Mohammad Mahdi , Eini Peyman , Gharekhanloo Mahsa , Khazaei Salman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world and become a pandemic disease. In this study we decided to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, west of Iran.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from February to March 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and chest CT information of identified COVID-19 patients were assessed.
Results

Totally, 101 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. The mean age of the patients was 55.21 ± 14.08 years and 54% (53.47%) of them were male. With regards to clinical manifestations, 82.18%, 72.28% and 54.46% of COVID-19 patients had dry cough, dyspnea and fever, respectively and 44.5% had lymphopenia. The right lower lobe was the most common (69%) and severe involved lobe followed by left lower lobe, right middle lobe, and lingual; however, anterior segment of upper lobes showed least involvement with abnormality in the late course of disease. The most common pattern is ground glass opacity, but atypical patterns such as round pneumonia, moderate to severe plural effusion and segmental lobar collapse consolidation was seen without evidence of mediastinal adenopathy, cavitation or nodule. Chest X ray (CXR) was not sensitive method as a first line imaging because 34.65% of them were normal.
Conclusion

CXR is not sensitive method as first line imaging too (34.65% normal first CXR), but Chest CT is very sensitive and nonspecific modality for diagnosis of COVID – 19. Lower lobe and posterior basal predominance involvements were seen in most cases. About 12% showed atypical chest CT features.
Changes in Availability and Affordability of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies After New Medical Reform in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Ding Yufeng , Zhang Jinwen , Xia Meijun , Wu Guangjie , Li Weijie , Feng Da , Gong Shiwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2017, China launched a new round of medical reform (NMR) to solve the problems of "expensive and difficult to use drugs" for patients. The expensive and high-value therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become the focus of attention. Promoting the availability and affordability of mAbs is an important way to improve the quality of life and health equity of patients. Methods: We used a standard method developed by the World Health Organization to conduct two surveys on mAbs’ availability and price before and after the NMR in the public general hospitals in Hubei province. By interviewing experts from these hospital pharmacies, we identified the factors that contributed to low accessibility and determined the effectiveness of NMR. Results: After the NMR, we found the average availability of 13 mAbs increased by 6.7% in the survey hospitals of Hubei Province. The median per unit price of 10 mAbs dropped by 34.3%. The average cost of a treatment cycle of 10 mAbs dropped from an equivalent of 529 days to 151 days of daily disposable income for a middle-income resident. Only trastuzumab and bevacizumab showed a significant decrease in price and a significant increase in availability, simultaneously. High price, lack of clinical demand and hospital drug procurement list, low income of patients, limited coverage and reimbursement of National Basic Medical Insurance (NBMI) for mAbs, and lack of incentives for generic mAbs were the main obstacles to the accessibility of mAbs. The drug negotiation mechanism of NBMI and the promotion of consistency evaluation of generic and original drugs can effectively promote the accessibility of mAbs. Conclusions: The availability and affordability of mAbs in Hubei Province have improved significantly, but still at a low level. There is currently no synergy between the policies of the NMR to promote the accessibility of the mAbs. In the future, we should implement R & D incentives for high-quality mAbs and generics, conduct medication evaluation and education of therapeutic mAbs, and design a special medical insurance payment method.
Perspectives of Scientists on Disseminating Research Findings to Non-Research Audiences
Authors: McNeal Demetria , Glasgow Russell E. , Brownson Ross C. , Matlock Daniel D. , Peterson Pamela N. , Daugherty Stacie L. , Knoepke Christopher E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Little is known about practices used to disseminate findings to non- research audiences. This study describes the perspectives, experience and activities of dissemination & implementation (D&I) researchers around disseminating their research findings.Methods The study explored D&I researchers’ experiences and recommendations for assessment of dissemination activities to non-research audiences. Existing list serves were used to recruit scientist. Respondents were asked three open ended questions on an Internet survey regarding 1) how their dissemination activities are evaluated, 2) how they would recommend changing the system to recognize dissemination activities and 3) how they could improve their own dissemination of their work.Results Surveys were completed by 159 scientists reporting some training, funding, and/or publication history in D&I. Three themes emerged across each of the three open ended questions. Question 1 on evaluation generated the themes of: 1a) promotional review; 1b) funding requirements; and 1c) absence of evaluation of dissemination activities. Question 2 on recommended changes generated the themes of: 2a) dissemination as a distinct component of research; 2b) requirement of dissemination plan; and 2c) dissemination metrics. Question 3 on personal changes to improve dissemination generated the themes of: 3a) allocation of resources for dissemination activities; 3b) utilization of non-traditional (or alternative) dissemination mediums; and 3c) identify and address issues of priority for stakeholders.Conclusions The findings revealed the different types of issues D&I researchers encounter when disseminating findings to non-academic audiences and their suggestions to improve the process. Future research should consider key requirements which determine academic promotion and grant funding as an opportunity to expand dissemination efforts.
Evaluating the Effect of an educational program on increasing cervical cancer screening behavior among rural women in Guilan, Iran
Authors: Eghbal Sedighe Bab , Karimy Mahmood , Kasmaei parisa , Roshan Zahra Atrkar , Valipour Roghieh , Atari Maryam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major health problems and the third prevalent cancer in women all around the world. As a simple, inexpensive, and with no side-effects test, Pap test is a reliable way to screen cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate, the effects of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on doing pap tests in the women living in the rural areas of the north of Iran.Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 160 rural women were randomly divided into control and experiment groups to experience a three session’s intervention. The experiment group received, educational programs based on the HBM constructs through personal consultation, asking/answering questions, and an educational pamphlet. The control group, received the routine educational programs of the health center. The post-test data were collected two months after the intervention and analyzed on SPSS-18.Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and experiment groups in terms of the mean score of knowledge, performance, and the constructs of the HBM. After the intervention, however, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of knowledges, performance, and all constructs of the HBM of the two groups (p<0.001). The rate of doing a pap test in the experimental group increased from 18.7% to 78.7% in the intervention group.Conclusions: The findings supported the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention programs based on the HBM. Therefore, conducting similar programs in other regions is recommended.
Transcriptomics &amp; copy number variation of radiotoxicity points to altered mitochondrial and DNA repair mechanisms
Authors: Pathak Gita A , Polimanti Renato , Silzer Talisa K , Wendt Frank R , Chakraborty Ranajit , Phillips Nicole R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum and may be induced by radiation treatment for cancer. We investigated proctitis as a radiotoxic endpoint in prostate cancer patients who received radiotherapy (n=222). We analyzed the copy number variation and SNP-derived transcriptomic profiles of whole-blood and prostate tissue associated with proctitis. The SNP and copy number data were genotyped on Affymetrix® Genome-wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Following QC measures, the genotypes were used to obtain gene expression by leveraging GTEx, a reference dataset for gene expression association based on genotype and RNA-seq information for prostate (n= 132) and whole-blood tissue (n=369). In prostate tissue, 62 genes were significantly associated with proctitis, and 98 genes in whole-blood tissue. Six genes - CABLES2, ATP6AP1L, IFIT5, ATRIP, TELO2 , and PARD6G were common to both tissues. The copy number analysis identified seven regions associated with proctitis, one of which ( ALG1L2) was also associated with proctitis based on transcriptomic profiles in the whole-blood tissue. The genes identified via transcriptomics and copy number variation association were further investigated for enriched pathways and gene ontology. Some of the enriched processes were DNA repair, mitochondrial apoptosis regulation, cell-to-cell signaling interaction processes for renal and urological system, and organismal injury.
Methodology for assessment of public health preparedness and response synergies between institutional authorities and the community
Authors: de Vries Daniel H. , Kinsman John , Takacs Judit , Tsolova Svetla , Ciotti Massimo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: This paper describes a participatory methodology that supports investigation of the collaboration between communities affected by infectious disease outbreak events and relevant official institutions. The core principle underlying the methodology is the recognition that synergistic relationships, characterised by mutual trust and respect, between affected communities and official institutions provide the most effective means of addressing outbreak situations. Methods: The methodological approach and lessons learned were derived from four qualitative case studies including (i) two tick-borne disease events: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain, and tick-borne encephalitis in the Netherlands (2016); and (ii) two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (norovirus in Iceland, 2017, and verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli [VTEC] in Ireland, 2018). These studies were conducted in collaboration with the respective national public health authorities in the affected countries by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Results: An after-event qualitative case study approach was taken using mixed methods. Lessons highlight the critical importance of collaborating with national focal points during preparation and planning, and interviewer reflexivity during fieldwork. Field work for each case study was conducted over one working week, which although limiting the number of individuals and institutions involved, still allowed for rich data collection due to the close collaboration with local authorities. The analysis focused on the specific actions undertaken by the participating countries’ public health and other authorities in relation to community engagement, as well as the view from the perspective of the community. Conclusions: The overall objective of the assessment to identify synergies between institutional decision-making bodies and community actors and networks before, during and after an outbreak response to a given public health emergency. The methodology is generic and could be applied to a range of public health emergencies, zoonotic or otherwise. The methodology emphasises reflexivity among fieldworkers, a relatively short time needed for data collection, potential generalisability of findings, insider-outsider perspectives, politically sensitive findings, and how to deal with ethical and language issues.
Guidelines and best practice recommendations on reproductive health services provision amid COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review.
Authors: Tolu Lemi Belay , Jeldu Wondimu Gudu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: During pandemics, there is uncertainty and information overload. Policymakers and health professionals prefer to use summarized evidence of practice recommendations. The aim of this scoping review is therefore to identify available guidelines, consensus statements, the standard of practice and practice recommendations on reproductive health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemics.Methods: We searched guideline databases and websites of professional associations and international organizations working on sexual and reproductive health. We looked for guidelines, protocols, consensus statements and practice recommendations on sexual reproductive health services (SRH) during COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Data extraction was done by two independent reviewers using a customized tool that was developed to record the key information of the source that’s relevant to the review question. The difference between the two authors on data extraction was resolved by discussion.Results: A total of 20 records were included in the review. Identified recommendations were classified into thematic areas. The records addressed approaches to the antenatal care, labour and delivery, postnatal care, safe abortion, contraception, gender-based violence and artificial reproduction. We haven’t employed any of the quality assessment tools as the pandemic is new clinical entity and evidences are based on expert opinion and limited clinical evidence.Conclusions: There were consistent consensus statements and recommendations that there should be access to sexual and reproductive health services like antenatal care(ANC), postnatal care(PNC), contraception service, safe abortion care and clinical management of rape survivors during the COVID-19 pandemics with the concerted effort of service re-organization. The practice recommendations focus on innovative ways of service provision to minimize patient and staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as alleviate the burden on the health care system. These include utilizing telemedicine or digital health and community/home-based care or self-care.
Viennese Hallways in Darko Markov's Bleak Vision
Authors: Antonijević Dragana 
Published: April 2020

This paper analyzes the novel Twilight in the Viennese Hallway 2 (Old Boska) (2013) by Darko Markov, a migrant-writer from Vienna. The novel describes the way of life and culturological characteristics of Serbian immigrants in Austria through two generations – the gastarbeiter as the older immigrant stratum of migrant workers in the 1970s and 1980s, and the younger, well-educated people who immigrated in the 1990s, fleeing the wars in the former Yugoslavia and the dire economic situation in Serbia due to inflation and international sanctions. Through the seemingly simple storyline about the marital and romantic problems of the protagonist – a young intellectual from Belgrade who arrived in Vienna in the 1990s, the author constructs a dense narrative network of the main character's various experiences, describing the difficulties of adjusting and coping in a foreign country. The protagonist simultaneously comes up against two worlds with different value systems – on the one hand, that of the gastarbeiter, his compatriots, whose way of life, attitudes and behaviors he often finds strange and unacceptable, sometimes even irrational, and on the other hand, the prejudices, intolerance and lack of understanding exhibited by Austrians not only towards him but also towards other immigrants. His path crossing that of various other characters, the protagonist himself undergoes changes in his search for meaning and for his place in a foreign land.
In his description of characters and their actions Darko Markov uses the literary technique of realism, relying to a great extent, by his own admission, on real-life persons and events. His mimetic narrative technique can thus be characterized as faction – a blend of fiction and facts, enriched with numerous ethnographic descriptions of the traits, behavior, appearance, speech and value system of the gastarbeiter and other migrants in the Austrian capital. In that sense Markov's novel belongs to the genre of ethnographic prose as it abounds in anthropologically and ethnologically relevant themes and motifs. In a wider sense, the novel belongs to migrant literature defined in terms of the theme, characters and content relating to the life of migrants, and, secondly, the author who is himself an immigrant.
The paper first provides a literary-ethographic analysis through the structural elements of its composition – the plot, the characters (attributes, actions and motivation), the narrative time frame and the space that Serbian immigrants in Vienna inhabit and move around in. It then proceeds to analyze through anthropological interpretation some of the novel' motifs and themes, specifically, the problems of ethnic prejudice, integration into the host society, the marginal position of immigrants through two types of marginalization – exterior marginalization in the form of their socio-economic status, and interior marginalization through exoticization and stigmatization, and also the question of language as an important ethnic and cultural marker.
Parkinsonlu Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Mobilite ve Aktivite Limitasyonuna Yönelik Hasta Bildirimli ve Performansa Dayalı Sonuç Ölçümleri
Authors: YENİŞEHİR Semiha , BATUR Veli , ÇITAK KARAKAYA İlkim , KARAKAYA Mehmet Gürhan 
Published: April 2020

Motor ve motor olmayan semptomlarla karakterize Parkinson hastalığı Alzheimer hastalığından sonra ikinci en
sık görülen nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Patofizyolojisinde genetik faktörler,
doğumsal anomaliler, toksik ajan maruziyeti, travma, inflamasyon, oksidatif
stres ve beynin derin kısmında yer alan substansiya nigrada dopamin üreten
hücrelerin hasarı yer almaktadır. Parkinson
hastalığı ortalama 55-60 yaşlarında başlamakta, görülme sıklığı 15-250/100.000
arasında değişmektedir. Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalarda görülme sıklığı
202/100.000 olarak belirtilmiştir. Başlıca belirtileri bradikinezi, istirahat
tremoru, rijidite ve postüral instabilite olan Parkinson
hastalığında serotonerjik, noradrenerjik, kolinerjik ve otonomik sistemin de
etkilenmesi hastada nöropsikiyatrik semptomlara, otonom bozukluklara, uyku
bozukluklarına ve duyusal belirtilere yol açmaktadır. Bu durum postür, denge ve
yürüyüş bozukluklarına neden olmaktadır. Parkinson
hastalığına özgü yürüyüş bozuklukları kas zayıflığı, aktivite limitasyonu,
fiziksel inaktivite ve fonksiyonel açıdan kısıtlılık meydana getirerek
bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Parkinson hastalığında hasta merkezli rehabilitasyonu
sağlamak için hasta tercihlerine cevap veren tedavi yaklaşımını hedeflemek
gerekir. Bu nedenle günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde algılanan zorlukların değerlendirilmesi aşamasında performansa yönelik ve hasta
bildirimli sonuç ölçümlerinin bir arada ele alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Parkinsonlu bireylerde aktivite limitasyonu ve fonksiyonel
mobiliteyi değerlendiren en uygun hasta bildirimli sonuç ölçümleri ve
performansa yönelik sonuç ölçümleri ile ilgili literatür bilgisini derlemek ve
ileride yapılacak klinik ve araştırma çalışmalarına ışık tutmaktır.