bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An insider's look at the rise of Nigerian 419 scams
Authors: Brody Richard G. , Kern Sara , Ogunade Kehinde 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine and provide additional insights into Nigerian 419 scams. Such scams may also be referred to as advance fee frauds. This study not only provides a historical perspective as to why these scams continue to remain popular and successful but also addresses cultural issues and technological issues associated with this type of fraud.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is primarily conceptual, focusing on the historical underpinnings of 419 scams as well as changes that have occurred as a result of technological advancements. Further, an active Nigerian scammer agreed to be interviewed by one of the authors and the information has been incorporated into this paper.

Findings
Fraudsters in Nigeria use a more “scientific” approach to identifying victims. The Government of Nigeria has been implementing some new policies and techniques to identify these fraudsters as well as to attempt to curtail such fraudulent activities. Unfortunately, these attempts have had limited success and more will be needed to slow down 419 scammers. The total elimination of such scams is unlikely.

Originality/value
Although many 419 scams have been reported in the news, actual studies in this area are quite limited. Further, current research has not produced comprehensive papers that focus on why these frauds ever started, how they have developed over time and how technology has impacted such frauds. This paper is among the first to include “inside” information from an actual Nigerian scammer and thus adds significant value to the existing literature.
Analysis of Bahrain’s anti-money laundering (AML) and combatting of terrorist financing (CTF) practices
Authors: Naheem Mohammed Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the level of anti-money laundering (AML) and combatting terrorist financing (CTF) practices incorporated within the legal framework of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The paper also studies the application of AML/CTF legislation in regulatory practice and implementation. Bahrain is an important state within the Middle-East region and is an integral part to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The paper analyzes Bahrain’s compliance to international AML/CTF standards and presents recommendations on remaining deficiencies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper studies the level of AML/CTF legislation enacted by the Kingdom of Bahrain by first examining the regulatory application, and then, the level of implementation. To understand the level of AML/CTF implementation, the paper uses literature on increased prosecution, penalties and reports for AML/CTF crimes in the Kingdom of Bahrain. In addition, the paper analyzes Bahrain’s compliance level to international standards of AML/CTF legislation and regulation.FindingsThe paper finds evidence of significant progress in the application of best practices of AML/CTF within the Kingdom of Bahrain. The paper also finds an increase in levels of implementation – i.e. suspicious transaction reports, investigations and prosecutions – with respect to AML/CTF violations. Additionally, the paper finds a limited number of deficiencies in Bahrain’s effort to establish strong reporting and enforcement mechanisms.Practical implicationsBahrain is an important member of the international trade network and one of the fastest growing non-oil economies in the region. The country sought to diversify the economy, with more industry- and service-intensive sectors. The level of AML/CTF implementation represents an important risk-averse approach to financial services in the country. Evidence of the country’s strengthening approach is an important factor in determining foreign investment confidence and the country’s policy on combatting terrorism financing.Originality/valueCommentators have previously recognized key deficiencies in Bahrain’s enactment and application of AML/CTF legislation. However, the analysis does not incorporate externalities arising from regulatory delay in domestic AML/CTF policy. The following paper studies the progress made by Bahrain since 2000-2001 and subsequent attempts at improving enforcement to maintain international compliance.
Testing relevance and applicability: reflections on organizational anthropology
Authors: Karsten Mette Marie Vad 
Published: February 2020

PurposeStarting from the challenges and implications of doing organizational ethnography within the organization which the researcher is also employed by, the purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the idea of “passing the test” in relation to such ethnographic endeavor. The paper discusses how “collaboration” on projects and in product development processes with colleagues/informants is a precondition for passing “tests,” which unfolded as subtle, verbalized demands made by colleagues/informants during fieldwork.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal anthropological fieldwork was carried out as part of an industrial PhD project, which investigates digitization as organizational, professional and social practices in the Danish construction industry. The fieldwork lasted on/off from April 2017 to December 2018. Various forms of participant observation and collaborative ethnographic methods were used during fieldwork.FindingsThe paper investigates how these “tests” focused on two key aspects: the relevance of anthropology in a profit-oriented, technical corporate organization; and the application of anthropological theories and ethnographic methodologies for the benefit of product development, usability studies and organizational change. It is argued that the tests were passed through collaborative engagements, where the author oscillated between positions as collegial insider and outside researcher for the dual benefit of both commercial interests and research interests.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that daring to collaborate and co-create products (as something different than texts) during organizational fieldwork for the benefit of both corporate and ethnographic interests offers strong possibilities for keeping ethnography relevant and applicable, passing tests in organizational settings and advancing ethnography’s impact in the world.
Early contractor involvement (ECI): ways to do it in public projects
Authors: Wondimu Paulos A. , Klakegg Ole Jonny , Lædre Ola 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Early contractor involvement (ECI) faces many barriers because it differs from traditional business practices. Public owners, especially, face a major challenge because they must comply with international and national legislation. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that illustrates the various approaches that public project owners can take to implement ECI.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to a literature review, three groups of case studies were carried out. The case studies were based on 54 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key personnel from 21 Norwegian public projects and document study.

Findings
In all, 25 approaches to ECI were identified during the research. Twelve of these were used in the cases studied.

Social implications
There are several approaches to ECI that are suitable for public owners. However, the contractor’s contribution depends on which approach is implemented and how it is implemented.

Originality/value
As original contribution, this study presents a novel framework that defines options for implementing ECI in public projects. Furthermore, this paper provides insights on how ECI can be implemented in public projects based on Norwegian experiences. Although the empirical data of the study is limited to Norwegian public projects, this study contributes to knowledge about how to implement ECI internationally.
Exploring the moderating role of construal levels on the impact of process vs outcome attributes on service evaluations
Authors: Tatavarthy Aruna Divya , Chatterjee Swagato , Sharma Piyush 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an integrated conceptual framework using construal level theory (CLT) to explain the differences in the effects of process and outcome service attributes on overall service evaluation and customer satisfaction based on consumption context (social), evaluation context (temporal) and individual characteristics (expertise).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use two lab experiments (hotel and restaurant settings) and a field study of online reviews posted by actual hotel customers to test all the hypotheses.

Findings
Process (outcome) attributes have a stronger influence on service evaluations under low-level (high-level) construal. Specifically, process attributes have a stronger influence when customers are accompanied by proximal (vs distal) social group, evaluate a service under near (vs distant) temporal frame or have high (vs low) level of customer expertise.

Practical implications
Service managers can use the findings about the differences in the influence of social, temporal and individual variables on customer evaluations under process and outcome attributes to improve customers’ service experiences and satisfaction.

Originality/value
This paper extends past research on the influence of construal levels on customer decision making by exploring the differences in the effects of process vs outcome service attributes on overall service evaluation and customer satisfaction, under the influence of low (vs high) construal levels triggered by social, temporal and individual variables.
The effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout and competitive advantage
Authors: Safari Ali , Adelpanah Arash , Soleimani Razieh , Heidari Aqagoli Parisa , Eidizadeh Rosa , Salehzadeh Reza 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis study aims at investigating the effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout and competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational commitment and creativity.Design/methodology/approachThe statistical population included all the managers and staffs of Tooka Company in Iran, and for data analysis, 120 completed questionnaires were used. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 18 and Amos 20 software and structural equation modeling method. To test the mediating relationships, bootstrap method was used.FindingsThe findings showed that psychological empowerment has a significant direct effect on job burnout and competitive advantage. Also, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on job burnout through the mediating role of organizational commitment. In addition, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on competitive advantage through the mediating role of organizational creativity.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment, job burnout, competitive advantage, organizational commitment and creativity.
Awards and executives’ financial performance preference
Authors: Deng Bofu , Liu Jia Wei , Ji Li 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper discusses the fundamental nature of the corporate awards disclosed in the annual reports of Chinese A-share listed companies. The authors hypothesise and investigate the role of awards playing as non-financial performance, which is a Chinese characteristic, and therefore, can substitute for financial performance from the perspective of an executive’s preference of financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study focusses on the corporate awards disclosed in company annual reports. It regards award-winning at the enterprise level as a kind of non-financial performance of Chinese enterprises, which represents achievements in the status competition and establishes good conditions for enterprises. The authors design empirical models and use data of A-share listed company to investigate the research questions and check the robustness of conclusions by eliminating endogenous problems and sample selection problems.FindingsThe empirical evidence reveals that corporate awards reduce management financial performance preference. This is reflected not only in reduced current period positive accruals earnings management, which can directly improve current period financial performance but also in reduced current period negative earnings management, which can indirectly improve future financial performance. The authors also find that there is an industry spillover effect of corporate awards, which is that awards increase the financial performance preference of other company executives within the industry.Research limitations/implicationsAs a form of non-financial performance, corporate awards provide more reference information for investors. Currently, academic attention to this issue in China is still lacking. What is the essence of corporate awards, what economic consequences are there for listed companies and what effect is there on China’s capital market development? These questions are worthy of further study.Originality/valueFirst, the literature on corporate awards has focussed on the effect of awards on individual behaviour, mainly considering awards as non-monetary rewards and exploring their economic consequences. Therefore, the hypothesis that awards are “Chinese-style performance” is an extension of the literature and theory related to the economic consequences of awards from the individual to the enterprise level, which is an important addition to the literature on corporate awards and their economic consequences. Second, the authors propose and prove that awards are an important demonstration of a company’s competitive performance. This study provides a better understanding of how Chinese companies display their performance and the behavioural logic behind the performance demands of company management.
Are banks misled by leverage misestimate of Chinese listed companies?
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Wang Zhuquan , Su Xinhui 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The authors point out that the existing research confuses the operational liabilities formed based on the “transaction” relationship with the financial liabilities formed based on the “investment” relationship, which not only exaggerates the value of leverage but also underestimates the level of protection that companies provide for creditors alone. That is, the confusion of concepts not only triggers the problem of leverage misestimate but also triggers the short-term financial risk misestimate. The performance of “nominal leverage” and “nominal short-term solvency” based on total assets calculation cannot reflect the real leverage level and the real short-term financial risk of enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach
To distinguish the concepts of “assets” and “capital” and rationalize the relationship between “transactions” and “investments”, authors systematically design the “real leverage” indicators and “real short-term solvency” indicators, and measure the degree of misestimate of leverage and short-term financial risk indicators by traditional research. On this basis, this paper describes and analyses the trends of leveraged misestimate and short-term financial risk misestimate of listed companies in China and analyses which companies have more serious leverage misestimate. And it helps readers to form an objective understanding of the leveraged misestimate and short-term financial risk misestimate of listed companies in China.

Findings
Firstly, the overall high level of leverage of listed companies in China in the traditional sense is largely because of the misestimate of indicators. And this kind of misestimate is more serious among firms that have advantages in trading, such as state-owned enterprises and firms with higher market shares. Secondly, for most firms with normal solvency, traditional research systematically overestimated the negative impact of “nominal leverage” on financial risk indicators (represented by short-term solvency). The overestimation is significant in firms with serious leverage misestimate. Thirdly, indicators’ misestimate of the traditional research makes the banks cannot make effective credit decisions according to the firm's “real leverage” and “real short-term solvency”.

Originality/value
Firstly, clarify the differences between the concepts of “assets” and “capital”, and clarify the level of “real leverage” of listed companies in China, which is conducive to the process of “de-leveraging”. Secondly, revise the problem of misestimate of related indicators, so that financial institutions can clearly identify the true profitability and real risk level of the entity domain, and thus improve the effectiveness of credit decisions.
Comparison of wear properties of Ti6Al4V fabricated by wrought and electron beam melting processes in simulated body fluids
Authors: Xiang Dingding , Tan Xipeng , Liao Zhenhua , He Jinmei , Zhang Zhenjun , Liu Weiqiang , Wang Chengcheng , Shu Beng Tor 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to study the wear properties of electron beam melted Ti6Al4V (EBM-Ti6Al4V) in simulated body fluids for orthopedic implant biomedical applications compared with wrought Ti6Al4V (Wr-Ti6Al4V).

Design/methodology/approach
Wear properties of EBM-Ti6Al4V compared with Wr-Ti6Al4V against ZrO2 and Al2O3 have been investigated under dry friction and the 25 Wt.% newborn calf serum (NCS) lubricated condition using a ball-on-disc apparatus reciprocating motion. The microstructure, composition and hardness of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction and a hardness tester, respectively. The contact angles with 25 Wt.% NCS were measured by a contact angle apparatus. The wear parameters, wear 2D and 3D morphology were obtained using a 3D white light interferometer and SEM.

Findings
EBM-Ti6Al4V yields a higher contact angle than the Wr-Ti6Al4V with the 25 Wt.% NCS. EBM-Ti6Al4V couplings exhibit lower coefficients of friction compared with the Wr-Ti6Al4V couplings under both conditions. There is only a slight difference in the wear resistance between the Wr-Ti6Al4V and EBM-Ti6Al4V alloys. Both Wr-Ti6Al4V and EBM-Ti6Al4V suffer from similar friction and wear mechanisms, i.e. adhesive and abrasive wear in dry friction, while abrasive wear under the NCS condition. The wear depth and wear volume of the ZrO2 couplings are lower than those of the Al2O3 couplings under both conditions.

Originality/value
This paper helps to establish baseline bio-tribological data of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V by electron beam melting in simulated body fluids for orthopedic applications, which will promote the application of additive manufacturing in producing the orthopedic implant.
Overview of cold spray coatings applications and comparisons: a critical review
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Kumar Manoj , Jindal Neeru 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to consolidate the results of various researchers focusing the different applications, so that this paper could become the torch bearer for the futuristic researchers working in the domain of cold gas dynamics spray coating.Design/methodology/approachA study on the cold spray coating is presented by summarizing the data present in literature. Important factors such as coating temperature, pressure, coating thickness, particle size, which affect the erosion-corrosion (E-C) resistance, physical and mechanical properties of boiler steel are stated. This paper also addresses the use of cold spray coating and compares it with other different thermal spray processes.FindingsFrom the literature review, it was noticed that cold spray technology is best as compare to other thermal spray processes to reduce porosity, increase hardness, adhesion strength and retention in properties of feedstock powders.Originality/valueCold spray coating technology has a great potential in almost every field especially in restoration of surfaces, generation of complex surface, biomedical application, resist hot corrosion, wear, oxidation and erosion corrosion.
The response of the melanized yeast Exophiala dermatitidis to gamma radiation exposure
Authors: Schultzhaus Zachary , Romsdahl Jillian , Chen Amy , Tschirhart Tanya , Kim Seongwon , Leary Dagmar , Wang Zheng 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe melanized yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is resistant to many environmental stresses and is used as a model for understanding the diverse roles of melanin in fungi. Here, we describe the extent of resistance of E. dermatitidis to acute γ‐radiation exposure and the major mechanisms it uses to recover from this stress. We find that melanin does not protect E. dermatitidis from γ‐radiation. Instead, environmental factors such as nutrient availability, culture age and culture density are much greater determinants of cell survival after exposure. We also observe a dramatic transcriptomic response to γ‐radiation that mobilizes pathways involved in morphological development, protein degradation and DNA repair, and is unaffected by the presence of melanin. Together, these results suggest that the ability of E. dermatitidis to survive γ‐radiation exposure is determined by the prior and the current metabolic state of the cells as well as DNA repair mechanisms, and that small changes in these conditions can lead to large effects in radiation resistance, which should be taken into account when understanding how diverse fungi recover from this unique stress.
Mid‐urethral sling revision for mesh exposure–long‐term outcomes of two surgical techniques from a comparative clinical retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karmakar D , Dwyer PL , Nikpoor P 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare vaginal closure with versus without sling excision in the management of vaginal sling exposure following mid‐urethral sling (MUS).DesignClinical retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary urogynaecological centre in Australia.PopulationWomen with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who had a MUS (n = 2823) during 1999–2017 with a follow‐up period up to December 2018. Thirty‐three women (1%) had sling exposure and 31 required surgical intervention (1%).MethodsClinical review with analysis of surgical database and patient records.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was successful closure and resolution of exposure‐related symptoms without the need for re‐surgery. Secondary outcomes were repeat procedure and recurrent incontinence following revision.ResultsMean follow up was 103 months. Of the 20 women with a primary excision and closure approach, 19 had successful closure. Seven of 11 women with simple vaginal closure without excision needed another surgery for recurrent mesh exposure. Recurrence of stress incontinence did not occur in any of the four who had ‘successful’ closure without excision. Of those who had sling division/removal without a concomitant stress continence procedure, 32% (7/22) required further surgery.ConclusionSling excision and repair have better outcomes with less recurrence of sling exposure compared with simple closure. Following sling removal, one of three women will develop SUI recurrence and require surgery.Tweetable abstract#Slingexcision &repair leads to less recurrence of exposure versus #simpleclosure for #slingmeshexposure.