bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport Specialization and Low Bone Mineral Density in Female High School Distance Runners
Authors: Rauh Mitchell J. , Tenforde Adam S. , Barrack Michelle T. , Rosenthal Michael D. , Nichols Jeanne F. 
Published: November 2020

Context
Sport specialization may contribute to sport injury and menstrual dysfunction in female high school distance runners. Despite the recent growth in sport specialization, including among high school–aged runners, the association of sport specialization with bone mineral density (BMD) remains poorly described.

Objective
To evaluate whether sport specialization was associated with BMD in female high school distance runners.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Six high schools.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixty-four female runners (age = 15.6 ± 1.4 years) who competed in cross-country or track distance events and were not currently on birth control medication.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Each runner completed a survey on menstrual history and sport participation. Height and weight were measured, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body, spine, and hip BMD. Each runner was assigned a sport specialization status: low (participation in ≥1 nonrunning sport and distance-running sport(s) for ≤8 mo/y); moderate (participation in both distance-running sport(s) ≥9 mo/y and ≥1 nonrunning sport(s) or limited to distance-running sport(s) for ≤8 mo/y); or high (participation only in distance-running sport(s) for ≥9 mo/y). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for sport specialization to BMD values, adjusting for body mass index and gynecological age.

Results
Overall, 21.9%, 37.5%, and 40.6% of participants were high, moderate, or low sport specializers, respectively. Low BMD (spine or whole-body BMD z score &lt; −1.0 [standardized by age and sex normative values]) was present in 23 (35.9%) runners. Compared with low sport specializers, high sport specializers were 5 times more likely (adjusted odds ratio = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 23.3; P = .02) to have low BMD.

Conclusions
A high level of sport specialization in high school female distance runners may be associated with a heightened risk for low BMD. Further investigation of this association is warranted due to the health concerns about low BMD in adolescent female runners.
Group singing enhances positive affect in people with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Baird Amee 
Published: November 2020

There is increasing evidence of the benefits of music, in particular singing, for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Current research has primarily focused on vocal or motor symptoms. Our aim was to examine the immediate emotional effects of group singing in people with PD, and whether the type of music sung (familiar vs. unfamiliar songs) moderates these effects. We also explored whether differences in music reward modulate the emotional effects of group singing in people with PD. 11 participants with PD completed the Positive And Negative Affect Schedule in three conditions: immediately after group singing (1) familiar songs, (2) unfamiliar songs, and (3) no singing, in addition to the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. There was no significant difference in positive affect scores between the two singing conditions (familiar/unfamiliar songs). Positive affect scores were higher in the singing (collapsed across familiar and unfamiliar songs) than no singing condition. There was a positive but not statistically significant relationship between music reward and positive affect scores after singing. This is the first study to show enhanced positive affect in people with PD immediately after group singing. This has clinical implications for the use of singing as a therapeutic intervention in people with PD.
Environmental Music in a Hospital Setting: Considerations of Music Therapists and Performing Musicians
Authors: Zhang Jing Wen , Doherty Mary A , Mahoney John Francis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract Background: This qualitative study explores the considerations of music therapists and musicians who provide environmental music therapy (EMT) and environmental music (EM) in hospital settings. EMT is an approach within the field of music therapy, utilized by trained, certified professionals who apply live music to address the physical, psychological, and cultural needs of patients, caregivers, and staff in the hospital environment. EM is defined as live music performed by musicians in public areas of hospitals typically on a volunteer basis. Both models might appear to be similar in actual presentation. However, the underlying differences warrant discussion.Objective: This study explores the similarities and differences between musicians and music therapists’ experiences of playing music within the sound environment of hospitals, and the unique considerations and impact their music conditions may have upon patients, and caregivers.Method: Interviews were conducted with 6 musicians providing EM and 5 music therapists providing EMT. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach.Results: Results suggest that music therapists and musicians consider their contributions to be beneficial to the hospital environment and to the emotional states of individuals, as well. Findings indicate that music therapists’ considerations are more goal-directed. Of the 11 participants- 5 were music therapists from urban hospital settings and 6 were performing musicians who were involved with community music programs. All of the interviewees expressed unique understanding of music’s value in medical settings, which can often be associated with anxiety and stress. Discussion includes considerations for collaborations between music therapists and musicians in the hospital setting inclusive of administrative understanding of the essential differences between music therapists and musicians. Keywords: music and medicine, music and health, environmental music, Environmental music therapy, community music, attunement, deep listening. multilingual abstract | mmd.iammonline.com
Clinical observations of live improvisational harp music in neonatal intensive care
Authors: McLeod Roxanne , Spence Kaye 
Published: November 2020

The use of Music Therapy (MT) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) has received growing attention through an increasing body of research. MT research in NICUs have shown benefits in the use of both recorded and live music, a recent study has indicated that live music produces more beneficial outcomes in some domains, and is often perceived as more beneficial by parents. As part of the developmental program in a NICU, music therapy by a Registered Music Therapist was implemented for long-stay infants and their families. The live music therapy sessions using a Reverie Harp were simultaneously observed by a health professional who was a certified NIDCAP Professional. A series of infants were observed with music played to their individual responses. The behavioral observations and the responses to the music were consistent with supportive regulation by the infants. Music therapy specifically targeted at longer stay infants was shown to be calming and enabled the infants to regulate their behavior. A planned music therapy program for neonates and their parents in collaboration with an experienced nurse enables the identification of infants and their families who may benefit from the program. Key Words NICU, music therapy, live music, NIDCAP, Neonate
Promoting Patient and Family Engagement by Implementing Therapeutic Music during Hospitalization
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth , Westhoff Lynn , Ochoa Lauren M , Maguigan Kelly , Larson Angela 
Published: November 2020

It is well recognized that music can have an impact on health. Studies targeting oncology, palliative care, hospice, and post cardiac surgery patients have demonstrated beneficial effects of music on heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, cortisol, pain, and anxiety levels. However, despite the well-known effects, therapeutic music is rarely observed in routine daily practice in the hospital setting. As part of a national collaborative targeting patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit (ICU), 63 teams implemented initiatives including open visitation, integrating families on rounds, establishing a patient and family advisory committee, using patient and family diaries, and music in the ICU, among others. Results from the ICU music initiative demonstrated that family members felt that music in the ICU was helpful, gave them more confidence in the healthcare team, impacted care of patients in the ICU, and helped ease their worry for their family member. Clinicians reported the following findings: that communication with family members improved since having music in the ICU, that patient care had improved, and that music had been beneficial for patients, families and ICU staff. This article reviews strategies for implementing therapeutic music during hospitalization, highlighting lessons learned from the national collaborative. Keywords: patient and family engagement, therapeutic music, patient and family centered care, music in the ICUmultilingual abstract | mmd.iammonline.com
Environmental Music Therapy (EMT): Music’s Contribution to Changing Hospital Atmospheres and Perceptions of Environments
Authors: Rossetti Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are a myriad of sensory elements that contribute to the hospital sensory experience.Environmental Music Therapy is a human-centered, trauma informed strategy that encompasses a process using the metaphoric and associative properties of live music that seeks to modulate patients’ and staff’s perception of the hospital milieu as hostile. While there have been a few studies that have measured EMT’s actual impact quantifiably [1-5], this is the first article to outline the steps and provide orientation, theoretical grounding, and training guidelines for its actual implementation. It is hoped that EMT can be instituted in hospital ICUs as a viable, accessible practice for music therapists whereby its institution will address the sound environment, and perhaps most particularly in those ICUs that are extremely noisy or eerily quiet. Keywords: Environmental Music Therapy, soundscape, soundtrack, ICU, milieu perception
The Role of Culture in Music and Medicine: Considerations to Enhance Health
Authors: Baines Sue 
Published: November 2020

The expression and understanding of culture is relative to time and social context as individuals and groups within cultures struggle to negotiate the substance and implication of specific cultures [1]. Music and medicine are culturally derived as is the intersection between music and medicine, which at times can be integrated disciplines while at other times they may fester as disconnected treatment modalities. Analyzing the role of culture in music and medicine can reveal unique possibilities that may serve to enhance health.Keywords: cultural competence, anti-oppresive practice, social justice, feminist, critical analysis, research, ethical, music therapy,health initiativesSpanishEl Rol de la Cultura en Musica y Medicina : Consideraciones para Mejorar la SaludLa expresión y la comprensión de la cultura es relativa al tiempo y al contexto social que, como individuos y grupos dentro de las mismas, luchan para negociar la esencia e implicaciones de culturas específicas (1). La música y la medicina derivan de la cultura y la intersección entre ambas puede a veces integrar estas disciplinas, mientras que en otras ocasiones pueden ser modalidades de tratamiento totalmente desconectadas. Analizar el rol de la cultural en la música y en la medicina puede revelar posibilidades únicas que pueden servir para mejorar la salud.GermanDie Rolle der Kultur in Musik und Medizin: Betrachtungen zur Verbesserung von GesundheitAusdruck und Verständnis von Kultur ist bedingt durch die Zeit und den sozialen Kontext, in dem Individuen und Gruppen innerhalb einer Kultur damit kämpfen, Inhalt und Begleiterscheinungen bestimmter Kulturen zu überwinden. (1) Musik und Medizin sind, wie die Schnittstelle zwischen Musik und Medizin, kulturell abgeleitet; sie können manchmal integrierte Disziplinen sein, während sie zu anderen Zeiten als unvereinbare Behandlungsmodalitäten verwesen. Die Analyse der Rolle von Kultur in Musik und Medizin kann einzigartige Möglichkeiten zutage bringen, die dazu dienen, die Gesundheit zu verbessern.ItalianIl ruolo della Cultura nella Musica e nella MedicinaL’espressione e la comprensione della cultura è relativa al tempo e al contesto sociale per quanto individui e gruppi all’interno delle culture lottano per negoziare la sostanza e l’implicazione di culture specifiche.(1).C’è un intersezione tra musica e medicina. Musica e medicina sono culturalmente derivate. A volte musica e medicina possono essere discipline integrate e a volte diventano due modalità di trattamento disconnessi. Analizzare il ruolo della cultura nella musica e nella medicina può rivelare possibilità uniche che potrebbero servire a migliorare la salute. Japanese音楽医療における文化の役割：健康促進に関する考察Sue Bainesスー・ベインズ文化的表現およびその理解は、時間や社会的コンテクストに関連している。すなわち、文化における個や集団が、特定の文化の本質や影響について折衷することは大変難しい (1)。音楽医療とは、文化と共に発生した分野であり、音楽と医療の横断領域といえる。これは、統合領域とみなされることもあれば、二つの全く異なる治療方法と捉えられることもある。音楽医療の文化的役割を分析することを通して、健康増進に寄与する独自の可能性を検証する。
Music therapy for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Calabro Jacinta Louise 
Published: November 2020

Abstract Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) occurs after significant in-utero exposure to opiates, such as methadone and heroin. Infants with NAS are often hospitalized for 4-6 weeks in a special care nursery, which is both expensive and detrimental to the parent-child bonding process. This study trialled the effectiveness of recorded sedative music (RSM) and multimodal stimulation (MMS) for infants with NAS. The infants were recruited by the hospitals alcohol drug and pregnancy team (ADAPT) and randomly allocated into one of 4 groups. The study hypothesised that infants in the treatment groups would experience a shorter hospital stay, higher weight gain, more parent visits, more days until medication began and less medication than control infants. The study also hypothesised that the treatment infants would have lower NAS scores compared to control infants. Due to a small and skewed sample the hypotheses were not supported. There were no significant results for any measure, although slight trends were noted for reduced crying and regular respiration for infants in the treatment groups. These findings support previous research into alternative treatment interventions for infants with NAS. It is suggested that RSM and MMS interventions can still be potentially useful interventions with this population. KeywordsNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), music therapy, multimodal stimulation, recorded sedative music.
The Effects of a Program Combining Exercise and Music on Promoting Exercise Continuance and Psychological Factors in Older People
Authors: Sakai Hiromi , Kamide Naoto , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: November 2020

Physical exercise can have a positive effect on physical and cognitive functions in older people. However, the elderly often face difficulties in maintaining exercise routines. Music is reported to effectively improve the subjective experience of physical exercise’s intensity, execution, and enhanced capacity related to a sense of accomplishment. We aimed to investigate whether adding music to physical exercise promoted exercise continuance compared with physical exercise alone. The participants were 74 community-dwelling older people who independently maintained activities of daily living. They were either assigned to a music group (MG) or non-music group (NMG). Exercise classes were held once a week for 3 months. The number of times participants participated in the exercise classes, and the number of times they performed exercises at home was assessed. In addition, each participant completed a set of questionnaires assessing exercise self-efficacy (SE) and quality of life before and immediately after the 3-month intervention. After the 3-month intervention, the MG had a significantly higher frequency of participation in the exercise classes and a significantly higher exercise SE score compared with the NMG. Our results show that the combination of physical exercise and music was beneficial for exercise continuance and exercise SE compared with physical exercise alone. Keywords: music, exercise, continuance, exercise self-efficacy, independent older people.
How Should We Build Epistemic Community?
Authors: Gunn Hanna Kiri 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the promises of the internet was its power to unite individual knowers with one another, democratizing knowledge and spurring our collective efforts toward truth. In what sense is our current epistemic life a collective effort? This article examines the idea of the epistemic community. I contrast epistemic community with a collection of individual epistemic agents aiming for truth. I propose that this latter conception of epistemic life permits neglecting our epistemic and moral duties. I argue that healthy epistemic community requires joint commitments to truth and epistemic trust, and where epistemic trust requires conditions of mutual epistemic respect.
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal complaints and diseases in Qatar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aldeen Sarakbi Housam , Alsaed Omar , Hammoudeh Mohamed , Lutf Abdo , Razzakh Poil Abdul , Ziyada Ayah , Al-emadi Samar 
Published: November 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are considered a significant public health problem on account of their high prevalence in communities worldwide and their pervasive impact. Knowledge of the epidemiology of MSK symptoms and diseases is lacking in Qatar. Obtaining this information will guide local health policymakers in the future strategic planning of the health budget.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence rate of MSK disorders in the Qatari population above 15 years of age using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Disease (COPCORD) survey.
Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted 1000 Qatari participants, including 500 males and 500 females. A door-to-door survey was conducted using the Arabic version of the COPCORD questionnaire with the help of research assistants. Participants with positive surveys were asked to visit Hamad General Hospital Rheumatology outpatient clinics for clinical evaluation by a rheumatologist. When necessary, laboratory testing and X-rays were conducted to confirm any MSK diagnosis.
Results: A total of 1239 (males, 50.8%) Qatari individuals randomly selected from the different municipalities of Qatar completed the COPCORD survey. Among the participants, 563 (45.4%) screened positive for MSK pain. Knee pain (24.5%) and back pain (23.3%) were the most common sites of pain, and both conditions showed no gender predominance (p = 0.073 and 0.108, respectively). Shoulder, wrist, hand, hip, and neck pain were significantly predominant in females (p < 0.001 for all). A total of 237 MSK disorders were diagnosed in 196 (15.8%) participants, including 181 degenerative joint diseases, 52 soft-tissue rheumatism conditions, and 4 autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Among degenerative joint diseases, knee osteoarthritis (6.4%) was the most common. Among soft-tissue rheumatic conditions, muscular lower back pain (1.9%), myofascial neck pain (0.64%), generalized body pain (0.32%), and shoulder tendinitis (0.7%) were the most common diseases. The autoimmune inflammatory disorders identified included rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2), connective tissue disease (n = 1), and inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis (n = 1).
Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of MSK disorders in this small cross-sectional cohort of Qatari individuals was 15.8%. Knee pain (24.5%) and knee osteoarthritis (6.4%) were the most common MSK complaints and diagnosis in the studied Qatari population. This study guides future efforts directed toward the prevention and management of MSK diseases. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to verify the findings.
Pro-cycling’s doping pentiti
Authors: Moerland Roland , Soana Giulio 
Published: November 2020

Pro-cycling’s doping pentiti. Masters of spin or silence breakers?
Throughout the last decade several cyclists have published memoirs in which they account for their doping use. In previous literature such autobiographical accounts have been characterized as attempts of fallen sports stars to sanitize their spoiled public image. In contrast, the analysis in this article will show that the accounts are of relevance when it comes to understanding the problem of doping in professional cycling. Their accounts break the omertà regarding doping, providing insights about the motivation and opportunity structures behind doping and how such structures are endemic to the system of professional cycling.
Verso i diritti degli animali. Riflessioni e dibattiti nella storia del pensiero
Authors: Baricalla Vilma 
Published: November 2020

In our cultural tradition, a conception has prevailed that has supported the inferiority of animals, justifying their exploitation and their exclusion from the moral sphere. This vision, however, at various moments in history has been the subject of criticism and disputes. There are alternative voices and strands that departed from the traditional anthropocentric paradigm, rehabilitating animals and elaborating different models of interpretation of the world. This paper presents an overview of authors who – from the ancient world to the modern age up to almost the present day – made their voice heard in defence of animals, to whom they recognized value and dignity. The picture that emerges is varied and articulated and represents the rich background of contemporary theories of respect for animals and animal rights.
Global Rural and Remote Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pianarosa Emilie , Chomistek Kelsey , Hsiao Ralph , Anwar Salman , Umaefulam Valerie , Hazlewood Glen , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveRural and remote patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at risk for inequities in health outcomes based on differences in physical environments and health care access potential compared to urban populations. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and health service use reported for global populations with RA residing in rural and remote locations.MethodsMedline, Embase, HealthStar, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2019 using librarian‐developed search terms for RA and rural and remote populations. Peer‐reviewed published manuscripts were included if they reported on epidemiologic, clinical, or health service use outcomes.ResultsFifty‐four articles were included for data synthesis, representing studies from all continents. In 11 studies in which there was an appropriate urban population comparator, rural and remote populations were not at increased risk for RA; 1 study reported increased prevalence, and 5 studies reported decreased prevalence in rural and remote populations. Clinical characteristics of rural and remote populations in studies with an appropriate urban comparator showed no significant differences in disease activity measures or disability, but 1 study reported worse physical function and health‐related quality of life in rural and remote populations. Studies reporting on health service use provided evidence that rural and remote residence adversely impacts diagnostic time, ongoing follow‐up, access to RA‐care–related practitioners and services, and variation in medication access and use, with prominent heterogeneity noted between countries.ConclusionRA epidemiology and clinical outcomes are not necessarily different between rural/remote and urban populations within countries. Rural and remote patients face greater barriers to care, which increases the risk for inequities in outcomes.