bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others
Authors: Protti Michele , Mandrioli Roberto , Marasca Camilla , Cavalli Andrea , Serretti Alessandro , Mercolini Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter the development of “classical” tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, numerous other classes of antidepressant drugs have been introduced onto the market. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class is the best‐known one, but many others exist, usually identified by their mechanism of activity. In this second part of the review, focused on new‐generation antidepressants not included among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the following classes are considered: noradrenergic and selective serotonergic antidepressants; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; melatonergic agonists and selective serotonergic antagonists; norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; and so forth. These different mechanisms underlie tolerability and safety profiles that can be very different among the classes, with each one providing significant advantages and disadvantages in comparison with others. The main characteristics of the following antidepressants are described: mianserin, mirtazapine, setiptiline, reboxetine, viloxazine, teniloxazine, atomoxetine, nefazodone, agomelatine, bupropion, esketamine, and tianeptine. The paper is focused on their metabolism and interactions, but also includes brief notes on analytical methods useful for their therapeutic drug monitoring.
Managing an altered social context—Patients experiences of staying away from home while undergoing proton beam therapy
Authors: Möllerberg Marie‐Louise , Langegård Ulrica , Ohlsson‐Nevo Emma , Fransson Per , Johansson Birgitta , Ahlberg Karin , Sjövall Katarina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo illuminate the experience of an altered social context for patients with primary brain tumours living away from home while undergoing proton beam therapy.DesignA descriptive, qualitative cross‐sectional interview study.MethodsNineteen patients were interviewed between December 2015–August 2016, either during (N = 7) or before and after (N = 12) their proton beam therapy. A hermeneutical analysis was performed.ResultsParticipants made adjustments to achieve control and well‐being during the treatment period. The analysis also revealed two interrelated patterns that helped participants adjust: being part of the family from a distance and seeking affinity.ConclusionIt is important that patients receiving treatment far from home find a way to remain a part of their family and find affinity in the altered social context. Health professionals can prepare patients for the treatment period and can implement interventions to promote well‐being for both patients and their relatives.
The effect of filler localization on the properties of biopolymer blends, recent advances: A review
Authors: Mochane Mokgaotsa J. , Sefadi Jeremia S. , Motsoeneng Teboho S. , Mokoena Tilsetso E. , Mofokeng Tladi G. , Mokhena Teboho C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent times, the field of biopolymer (BP) blends has been the focus of intensive fundamental and applied researches. Such BP combinations possess unique properties that are different from those of the individual components. However, most polyester polymers are thermodynamically immiscible because of their poor interactions. In the past, a third component, known as a well‐defined diblock or triblock copolymer, whose chemical structure is identical to that of the main components, was usually used as a compatibilizer in order to emulsify the interfacial phase, decreasing the interfacial tension and refining the phase size. Currently, nanofillers are used to improve the phase morphologies of immiscible BP blends. The main advantage of using nanofillers, when compared to copolymers, is that the former can simultaneous act as nano‐reinforcements and compatibilizers. In this review, the addition of nanofillers as the third component in the BP blend systems are reported in relation to their morphologies, barrier properties, shape memory, thermal, and mechanical properties. The effects of selectively localized nanofillers on the properties of the BP blends are also explored, with the aim of establishing the relationships between the localization of the fillers and the overall properties of the BP blends. Furthermore, the effect of the processing techniques on the localization of the nanofillers/BP blend is also reported. The review article discusses recent progress from 2014 up to 2019 on filler localization of BP blend nanocomposites.
Surface‐functionalization of activated carbon with polyglucosamine polymer for efficient removal of cadmium ions
Authors: Berber Mohamed R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, a polymer‐activated carbon composite was prepared by grafting polyglucosamine polymer on the surface of activated carbon, which was produced by a carbonation/calcination/oxidation process of the Date palm pits. The obtained composite was confirmed by different techniques, including, X‐ray, infrared, thermal analysis, scanning electron spectroscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller protocol surface area measurements. Subsequently, a comprehensive adsorption study was performed to assess the synergetic effect of the composite structure on the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ ions. The adsorption capacity of Cd2+ ions reached 35.0 mg/g at optimum adsorption conditions of pH 5.5, a composite dose of 200 mg, and a contact time 120 minutes. The kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamics results indicated chemisorption, an exothermic, and a spontaneous adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism of the composite correlated to the functional groups (NH2 and COOH) and the cavities of the composite (surface area 699.11 m2/g, pore volume 0.28 cm3/g), which potentially contributed to the capture of the Cd2+ ions. From the recyclability point of view, the composite was able to maintain around 89% of its initial adsorption capacity after the third adsorption‐desorption cycle.
Application of liquid‐phase microextraction to the analysis of plant and herbal samples
Authors: Diuzheva Alina , Locatelli Marcello , Tartaglia Angela , Goga Michal , Ferrone Vincenzo , Carlucci Giuseppe , Andruch Vasil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe analysis of plant and herbal samples is a challenging task for analytical chemists due to the complexity of the matrix combined with the low concentration of analytes. In recent years different liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) techniques coupled with a variety of analytical equipment have been developed for the determination of both organic and inorganic analytes.ObjectiveOver the past few years, the number of research papers in this field has shown a markedly growing tendency. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to summarise and critically evaluate research articles focused on the application of LPME techniques for the analysis of plant and herbal samples.ResultsDue to the complex nature of the samples, the direct application of LPME techniques to the analysis of plants has not often been done. LPME techniques as well as their modalities have been commonly applied in combination with other pretreatment techniques, including a solid–liquid extraction technique supported by mechanical agitation or auxiliary energies for plant analysis. Applications and the most important parameters are summarised in the tables.ConclusionThis review summarises the application of the LPME procedure and shows the major benefits of LPME, such as the low volume of solvents used, high enrichment factor, simplicity of operation and wide selection of applicable detection techniques. We can expect further development of microextraction analytical methods that focus on direct sample analysis with the application of green extraction solvents while fully automating procedures for the analysis of plant materials.
Integrating structural and evolutionary data to interpret variation and pathogenicity in adapter protein complex 4
Authors: Gadbery John E. , Abraham Abin , Needle Carli D. , Moth Christopher , Sheehan Jonathan , Capra John A. , Jackson Lauren P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic variation in the membrane trafficking adapter protein complex 4 (AP‐4) can result in pathogenic neurological phenotypes including microencephaly, spastic paraplegias, epilepsy, and other developmental defects. We lack molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired AP‐4 function arising from genetic variation, because AP‐4 remains poorly understood structurally. Here, we analyze patterns of AP‐4 genetic evolution and conservation to identify regions that are likely important for function and thus more susceptible to pathogenic variation. We map known variants onto an AP‐4 homology model and predict the likelihood of pathogenic variation at a given location on the structure of AP‐4. We find significant clustering of likely pathogenic variants located at the interface between the β4 and N‐μ4 subunits, as well as throughout the C‐μ4 subunit. Our work offers an integrated perspective on how genetic and evolutionary forces affect AP‐4 structure and function. As more individuals with uncharacterized AP‐4 variants are identified, our work provides a foundation upon which their functional effects and disease relevance can be interpreted.
A community‐based hierarchical user authentication scheme for Industry 4.0
Authors: Sinha Akash , Shrivastava Gulshan , Kumar Prabhat , Gupta Deepak 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe vision of Industry 4.0 is characterized by the amalgamation of cyber‐physical systems and industrial Internet of Things. Such a complex ecosystem urges for the requirement of novel security protocol and mechanisms for access control so as to allow the smart devices to authorize external entities and granting them access rights without depending on centralized authentication entities. The work proposed in this article aims to utilize a community‐based hierarchical approach to define the procedure for obtaining access rights in the Industry 4.0 ecosystem. The proposed scheme considers a hierarchy of authorizing devices that work in collaboration for providing access control of the smart end devices to the users. The adoption of hierarchical structure ensures that the access rights are eventually given to only those users that have passed multiple levels of successful authorization. The proposed scheme also combats any infringement of users identity since the authorizing entities involved in the proposed system work in close collaboration for user authentication. The proposed user authentication scheme has been validated using burrows‐abadi‐needham (BAN)‐logic and is proved to be secure against a variety of security attacks.
Emodin protected against synaptic impairment and oxidative stress induced by fluoride in SH‐SY5Y cells by modulating ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Lai Chencen , Chen Qian , Ding Yuanting , Liu Heng , Tang Zhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExcessive fluoride exposure contributes to neurotoxic effects. Emodin exhibits antioxidative functions in the central nervous system (CNS); however, its neuroprotective mechanism against fluoride remains to be elucidated. Our aim was to explore the neuroprotective efficacy and the possible mechanisms of emodin. In our study, synaptic proteins and oxidative stress damage were examined after human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with high doses of NaF for 24 hours. Moreover, pretreatment with emodin was used to shed light on the neuroprotective effects in NaF‐induced toxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells. We found that NaF significantly lowered the protein expressions of SNAP 25, synaptophysin and PSD 95 in SH‐SY5Y cells. In addition, NaF exposure increased the protein expression of p‐ERK1/2 and decreased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO‐1, as well as facilitated increasing ROS, 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), and 8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). Pretreatment with emodin significantly recovered these alterations caused by NaF. These data implied that the neuroprotective effects of emodin and pointed to the promising utilization for protecting against neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
The progression of carotid atherosclerosis and imaging markers of dementia
Authors: Baradaran Hediyeh , Demissie Serkalem , Himali Jayandra J. , Beiser Alexa , Gupta Ajay , Polak Joseph F. , DeCarli Charles , Seshadri Sudha , Romero Jose R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe studied the association of carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) with hippocampal volume (HV) in community dwelling individuals, testing the hypothesis that persons with carotid atherosclerosis progression would have lower HV.MethodsWe studied 1376 Framingham Offspring participants with two carotid ultrasounds and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). We used multivariable linear regression analyses to relate CIMT progression and HV and total brain volume. Regression models were adjusted for demographics and vascular risk factors, time interval between imaging examinations, and baseline CIMT. We assessed effect modification by hypertension treatment (HRx).ResultsParticipants with higher ICA IMT progression had significantly lower HV after adjustment for vascular risk factors and baseline IMT (standardized beta ± standard error: −0.067 ± 0.027, P = .01). We observed weaker association between ICA IMT change and HV among subjects treated for hypertension (β = −0.047, P = .19 vs β = −0.096, P = .026).DiscussionCumulative vascular risk factor exposure, reflected by CIMT progression, may increase the risk of neurodegeneration.
Deep learning with knowledge transfer for explainable anomaly prediction in wind turbines
Authors: Chatterjee Joyjit , Dethlefs Nina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed an increased interest in applying machine learning techniques to predict faults and anomalies in the operation of wind turbines. These efforts have lately been dominated by deep learning techniques which, as in other fields, tend to outperform traditional machine learning algorithms given sufficient amounts of training data. An important shortcoming of deep learning models is their lack of transparency—they operate as black boxes and typically do not provide rationales for their predictions, which can lead to a lack of trust in predicted outputs. In this article, a novel hybrid model for anomaly prediction in wind farms is proposed, which combines a recurrent neural network approach for accurate classification with an XGBoost decision tree classifier for transparent outputs. Experiments with an offshore wind turbine show that our model achieves a classification accuracy of up to 97%. The model is further able to generate detailed feature importance analyses for any detected anomalies, identifying exactly those components in a wind turbine that contribute to an anomaly. Finally, the feasibility of transfer learning is demonstrated for the wind domain by porting our “offshore” model to an unseen dataset from an onshore wind farm. The latter model achieves an accuracy of 65% and is able to detect 85% of anomalies in the unseen domain. These results are encouraging for application to wind farms for which no training data are available, for example, because they have not been in operation for long.
City‐scale urban sustainability: Spatiotemporal mapping of distributed solar power for New York City
Authors: Taminiau Job , Byrne John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch into urban sustainability increasingly deploys advanced analytics and large‐scale data to investigate possible sustainable energy options. This paper reviews several available data‐driven approaches that answer urban sustainability questions. One such approach is applied to identify energy consumption and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation potential in New York City at the electricity network level with the objective of improving the city's resilience to expected impacts of climate change. Electric system resilience is, in part, dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of consumption and potential sustainable energy generation which is investigated here by separating the city into 68 electricity networks and evaluating their generation‐consumption interaction pattern. The analysis reveals that New York City could be home to about 10 GWp of rooftop solar installations—sufficient to cover approximately 25% of annual city electricity consumption and 53% of daylight hour consumption. Localized electricity import–export dimensions are explored for each of the 68 electricity networks and we identify an excess 3.1 TWh electricity supply per year if the entire technical potential of rooftop solar PV is deployed. This excess electricity supply is roughly equivalent to an annual $734 million value which could benefit low‐income areas in the city.This article is categorized under:
Energy Infrastructure ≥ Economics and Policy
Photovoltaics ≥ Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure ≥ Systems and Infrastructure
Photovoltaics ≥ Economics and Policy
Postmortem veterinary toxicology: Animal death investigation and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Romano Megan C. , Dorman David C. , Gaskill Cynthia L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPostmortem veterinary toxicology shares challenges with human postmortem toxicology, including the necessity of analyzing a wide variety of sometimes very degraded samples for many disparate compounds. In veterinary toxicology, additional factors must be considered to formulate an appropriate testing strategy for each case. Major qualitative and quantitative species differences in response to some toxicants result in different toxicological differential lists for a given clinical presentation. The animal's environment will also influence the types of xenobiotics to which it might be exposed. Diagnostic veterinary toxicologists are veterinary medical specialists who apply their knowledge of veterinary medicine, toxicology, and analytical chemistry, to formulate and interpret results of a toxicologic testing strategy in potential poisoning cases. Animal death investigations require collaboration between veterinary diagnostic laboratory personnel (e.g., veterinary pathologists, veterinary toxicologists, and analytical chemists), veterinary practitioners, and animal owners to successfully diagnose poisoning cases.This article is categorized under:Toxicology > Post‐Mortem ToxicologyToxicology > Plants and Poisons
Challenges Regarding the Protection of Animals During Warfare
Authors: de Hemptinne Jérôme 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chapter turns to the treatment of animals in one of the two classical divisions of international law, the laws of war, examining the protection of animals during hostilities. De Hemptinne explains that international humanitarian law (IHL) does not contain explicit rules to mitigate the suffering of animals in armed conflict. However, the overall evolution of law’s approach to animals, notably its recognition of them as sentient beings, appears to allow for a progressive interpretation of IHL so as to constrain acts of violence against animals in war. The rules on the protection of civilian objects and on the environment, the proportionality principle, or the options for declaring demilitarized zones could all be activated to this end.
Rights of and Over Animals in the ius naturae et gentium (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries)
Authors: Brett Annabel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chapter examines different theological and philosophical paradigms of rights in the early modern period. It shows that, contrary to initial appearances, animals were not totally excluded from any kind of right, and that violence against them was not always regarded as legitimate. Remarkably, one of the founders of the discipline of the law of nature and law of nations (ius naturae et gentium), Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694), acknowledged animal pain—although he did not translate this acknowledgment into a moral wrong of doing violence to animals, or grant animals moral rights.
Cross-Border Forms of Animal Use by Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Kirchner Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chapter discusses animal use by indigenous peoples that involve crossing state borders, using the example of reindeer herding by indigenous Sámi in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Animals play important cultural, economic, and spiritual roles for indigenous communities. This particular form of interaction between humans and animals is, however, not sufficiently recognized by contemporary laws. The risk of overruling the interests of migratory animals, and of the pastoralist (semi-)nomadic human communities depending on them, is exacerbated when the herds cross boundaries.
Corruption Gone Wild: Transnational Criminal Law and the International Trade in Endangered Species
Authors: Ivory Radha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chapter sketches how the topics of corruption and endangered animal trafficking have been intertwined in hard and soft international law, including by United Nations Security Council resolutions. The legal documents depict corruption as enabling the illegal wildlife trade, and, concomitantly, portray the illegal wildlife trade as prompting official corruption. Ivory cautions against linking the two legal frameworks and reform agendas. Notably, the linkage implies that animal products are legitimate commodities when traded in an uncorrupted global market. The linkage may also focus too much attention on the criminal individuals who contribute to animal extinction, rather than on the large-scale environmental changes caused by industrialization and urbanization. Finally, the twinning of the two discourses could amplify the demonization of low-level bribery and poaching that are typically associated with the Global South. A combined anti-corruption/wildlife trafficking debate may distract from the opportunities for illicit investment and excessive consumption in the Global North, which enable and drive the crimes.
Sequelae of Premature Birth in Young Adults
Authors: Hedderich Dennis M. , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Bäuml Josef G. , Menegaux Aurore , Daamen Marcel , Zimmer Claus , Bartmann Peter , Scheef Lukas , Boecker Henning , Wolke Dieter , Sorg Christian , Spiro Judith E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Qualitative studies about the abnormalities appreciated on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in prematurely born adults are lacking. This article aimed at filling this knowledge gap by (1) qualitatively describing routine imaging findings in prematurely born adults, (2) evaluating measures for routine image interpretation and (3) investigating the impact of perinatal variables related to premature birth.

Methods
In this study two board-certified radiologists assessed T1-weighted and FLAIR-weighted images of 100 prematurely born adults born very preterm (VP <32 weeks) and/or at very low birth weight (VLBW <1500 g) and 106 controls born at full term (FT) (mean age 26.8 ± 0.7 years). The number of white matter lesions (WML) was counted according to localization. Lateral ventricle volume (LVV) was evaluated subjectively and by measurements of Evans’ index (EI) and frontal-occipital-horn ratio (FOHR). Freesurfer-based volumetry served as reference standard. Miscellaneous incidental findings were noted as free text.

Results
The LVV was increased in 24.7% of VP/VLBW individuals and significantly larger than in FT controls. This was best identified by measurement of FOHR (AUC = 0.928). Ventricular enlargement was predicted by low gestational age (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.98) and presence of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio: 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.92). The numbers of deep and periventricular WML were increased while subcortical WMLs were not.

Conclusion
Enlargement of the LVV and deep and periventricular WMLs are typical sequelae of premature birth that can be appreciated on routine brain MRI. To increase sensitivity of abnormal LVV detection, measurement of FOHR seems feasible in clinical practice.