bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Cuttings Transport without Drillpipe Rotation While Using the Concepts of Static and Dynamic Yield Stresses
Authors: Gulraiz Shiraz , Gray K. E. 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Cuttings transport, in connection with drilling fluid rheology, has been extensively studied in the literature. Despite this, contradictory results continue to be reported regarding the effect of yield stress on cuttings transport. This study uses the concepts of static and dynamic yield stresses to investigate the effects of yield stress on cuttings transport. A modified form of an existing rheological function is proposed to model static and dynamic yield stresses while incorporating flow history. Flow equations are based on the mixture approach and are numerically solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology. Assuming that the liquid phase is homogenous and drill cuttings are noncolloidal, it is shown that the distinction between static and dynamic yield stresses diminishes as volumetric cuttings concentration increases. The Herschel-Bulkley function predicts infinite viscosity at the limit of zero shear rate and, hence, improved cuttings transport with increasing dynamic yield stress, whereas in line with the majority of experimental studies, the proposed rheological model shows that high dynamic yield stress is detrimental for cuttings transport. Comparing fluids with the same dynamic yield stress, the fluid with a larger difference between static and dynamic yield stresses has better cuttings carrying capacity. However, these results are only valid for simple yield stress fluids in which yield stress is dependent on shear rate only.
Risk Factors for Progression to Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock in Patients with Urolith Induced Obstructive Urosepsis
Authors: Cao Jiadong , Wang Zhichao , Wang Youlian , Li Hucai , Gu Chiming , Bai Zunguang , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Shusheng , Xiang Songtao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: To analyze the risk factors for the progression to severe sepsis,or septic shock,in pre-hospital patients with urolith Induced obstructive urosepsis, so as to facilitate the early identification of high-risk patients.Materials and Methods: Datas were retrospectively reviewed from 160 patients of urolith induced obstructive urosepsis between December 2013 and December 2019. There were 49 patients complicated by severe sepsis (severe sepsis group), 12 patients with septic shock (septic shock group), and 99 patients without progression to severe sepsis or septic shock (sepsis group). The data covered age, gender, BMI , time interval from ED to admission, WBC count, NLR, HGB, etc. Datas were analyzed by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Univariate analysis showed that the differences of age, the time interval from ED to admission, history of diabetes mellitus, history of CKI, NLR, HGB, platelet count, TBil, SCr, ALB, PT, APTT, INR, PCT, and positive rate of pathogens in blood culture were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, SCr, and history of CKI were independent risk factors for progression to severe sepsis, or septic shock (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Aged ≥ 65 years, SCr ≥ 248 mol/L, and history of CKI were independent risk factors for progression to severe sepsis, or septic shock, in patients with urolith induced obstructive urosepsis. The key to prevent urosepsis from progression is to improve our understanding of disease dynamics, control the risk factors, and intervene the pre-hospital patients with multidisciplinary modalities as early as possible.
The effect of spiritual counseling on improving of the quality of life among pregnant women: a randomized control trials
Authors: MonfaredKashki Masomeh , Maleki Azam , Amini Kourosh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine the effect of spiritual counseling on the quality of life (QoL) of women with the first time pregnancy.Methods: This randomized control trial was carried out on 60 pregnant women who recruited at two childbirth preparation centers of Zanjan (Iran) in 2018. The eligible women were allocated into two intervention and control groups according to the 4-block design. The spiritual counseling was carried out in eight sessions, two times per week at 20 -32 weeks of gestation. The control group only received routine cares. The quality of life were measured before and two months after intervention.Results: Overall in pre intervention phase, the quality of life did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). In Post the intervention, the overall QoL showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). But the physical functioning, body pain, and social functioning domains were not statistically significant (p>0.05). According to the linear regression, the risk of poor quality of life in the intervention group was 0.78 times less than of the control group (p= 0.0001).Conclusion: Spiritual counseling had a positive impact on improving of QoL in the first time pregnant women. The integration of spiritual counseling in the childbirth education package could be improved the psychological aspect of quality of life more than the physical aspect of quality of life. It can be considered used by healthcare providers for planning childbirth interventions.Trial registration: The study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under the number IRCT20150731023423N12 , 2018-11-06
Knowledge of Patient’s Health Rights among Medical Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2020 – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Alshaeri Heba K. , Qarni Ali S. Al , Alharbi Shahad A. , El-Qaisi Safia M. , Saif Sarah A. , Sawad Muhannad H. Bin , Alharbi Maram M . , Natto Zuhair S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Saudi Arabia aims to affirm the basic human rights for all its citizens. The medical students need to be aware about globally recognized rights in their study and career. Only few studies have measured the knowledge of medical students about public health rights (PBR) in Saudi Arabia. The present study aims to assess the current knowledge of medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia concerning health empowerment issues and health rights. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia among the medical students of Ibn Sina National College (ISNC), Batterjee Medical College (BMC), King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) and King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University (KSAUHS) Jeddah branch, between July and August 2020. Questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, along with knowledge of the rights of female patients, laws and rights of patients with disabilities, special needs and senility, reproductive health rights, and health rights of cancer patients. The data were analyzed using statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 25. Results: Of the 393 participants, 58.3% were females and 41.7% were males. Regarding consent, 72.3% and 65.1% of the participants responded that a male guardian was not required to give consent for hospital admission and discharge, respectively, and only 46.1% knew that a female patient could provide consent for a caesarean section. Only 51.7% of the students were aware about Saudi Arabian health rights including the disabled individuals; while, 44.0% did not know. About half (53.2%) knew that that special needs patients have health rights, and 25.2% believed that abortion is never allowed in Islam. Concerning the woman’s right to attain contraception, 51.1% stated that the consent was not required; while, 25.7% responded that consent from a male guardian/partner is first required. Approximately half (49.6%) were aware that cancer patients have the right to free medical treatment, and 52.9% knew that cancer patients have the right to free surgical treatment. Conclusions: The knowledge of medical students regarding health rights of certain patient populations was not satisfactory in Saudi Arabia, which highlights the importance of health rights education in medical school. Trial registration: 95/IRB/2020
Symptom- and prevention based testing of COVID-19 in nursing home residents: Symptoms and mortality, a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Paap Kelly , Loon Anouk van , Rijs Sarian van , Helmich Esther , Buurman Bianca , Smalbrugge Martin , Hertogh Cees 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Nursing homes (NH) residents with COVID-19 can either be tested because of presence of core symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea) (S-based) or because of transmission prevention (TP-based). We described the clinical presentation and course of COVID-19 in NH residents who were tested either because of presence of core symptoms (S-based) or because of transmission prevention (TP-based).Methods:. XXX (XXX), is a 1185-bed NH. All NH residents who underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between March 16, 2020 and May 31, 2020 were included (n = 380) in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical symptoms, temperature and oxygen saturation were extracted from medical records, 7 days before testing up to 14 days after testing.Results: SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in 81 (21%) residents. Of these 81, 36 (44%) residents were tested S-based and 45 (56%) residents were tested TP-based. Yet, CT-values did not differ between the groups. In the 7 days prior to the test the most common symptoms in both groups were: falling (32%), somnolence (25%) and fatigue (21%). Two days before the test, we observed a stronger decrease in oxygen saturation and an increase in temperature for the S-based group compared to the T-based group that remained up to 10 days after testing. Residents with in the S-based group were 2.5 times more likely to decease within 30 days than residents in the TP-based group (HR, 2.56; 95% 1.3 to 5.2). Even though, 73% of the T-based group did eventually developed core symptoms.Conclusions: Many NH residents with a positive PCR did not have core symptoms when tested but had other signs/symptoms in the week before the positive test. Testing policies should therefore be adjusted to prevent transmission. Daily measures of temperature and oxygen saturation can contribute to earlier detection.
Inter-Professional Education: Inter-professional learning experience of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Residency students.
Authors: Kifle Getahun , Damota Mulugeta Deribe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The basic objective of the study was to explore the inter-professional learning experience of clinical psychology and psychiatry residency students. Method The researchers used a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa University, at the School of Medicine, in the College of Health Science, Department of Psychiatry where both clinical psychology and Psychiatry Residence programs are provided. Purposefully selected 9 participants; 5 clinical psychology and 4 psychiatry residents’ inter-professional learning experiences were explored. A descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Data was obtained with semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Data collection and analysis were concurrent. Result The Result of the study indicated three themes and five sub-themes emerged from the data describing the experiences of clinical psychology and psychiatry students. The themes were: (a) IPE experience, (b) Factors affecting active participation, (c) Professional identity and IPE experience. Conclusion To conclude IPE experiences were various and resulted from an interaction of many factors. Despite the limitations, IPE experience provides many opportunities compared to Uni-professional learning experience. Inequality in professional status between participants negatively affects the IPE experience. Learning experiences require a balanced two-way interactive learning between participants. In the initial phase of IPE, participants need a clear role assignment with a formal objective to avoid confusion and frustration. Participating in IPE is not an easy performance - the experience opens many opportunities as well as has many challenges. Recommendation Finally, if implemented with a clear role assignment, significant supervision, and for the optimal duration of time IPE experience can help participants to develop their profession and guide them in their future work with other professionals.
Global analysis of lysine acetylation reveals its role in multiple biological processes in Glycine max
Authors: Li Geng , Zheng Bin , Zhao Wei , Ren Ting-Hu , Zhang Xing-Hui , Ning Tang-Yuan , Liu Peng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation (Kac) is an important post-translational modification present in both animal and plant cells. Here, we reported the results from a proteomic investigation of Kac in soybean leaves. We totally identified 3148 acetylation sites in 1538 proteins from three biological replicates, among 59 lysine acetylation sites in core histones, represents the largest acetylome dataset in plants to date. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis illustrated that most of the acetylated proteins involved in metabolic processes (include carboxylic acid metabolic process, oxoacid metabolic process, nucleoside metabolic process, nucleoside phosphate metabolic process, and ribose phosphate metabolic process). KEGG pathway enrichment showed Kac plays an important role in Photosynthesis, Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and Citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Meanwhile we also find a total of 17 conserved Kac motifs. All together, our study not only provides the first global and most extensive lysine acetylation analysis in soybean leaves, but also suggest that lysine acetylation is play an important and unique role in plants.
Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of pregnant women to enact social distancing behaviour in the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Anderson Emma , Brigden Amberly , Davies Anna , Shepherd Emily , Ingram Jenny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Covid-19 triggered the rapid roll-out of mass social distancing behavioural measures for infection control. Pregnant women were categorised as ‘at risk’ requiring extra vigilance with behavioural guidelines. Their understanding and ability to adhere to recommendations was unknown.Objectives To complete a behavioural analysis of the determinants of recommended social distancing behaviour in pregnant women, according to the ‘capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour’ (‘COM-B’) model to inform the development of recommendations/materials to support pregnant women in understanding and adhering to behavioural guidelines.Design Qualitative interview study with pregnant women in the Bristol area (UK).Methods Semi-structured telephone/videoconference interviews were conducted following a topic guide informed by the COM-B model, transcribed verbatim and subjected to framework analysis. Infographic materials were iteratively produced with stakeholder consultation, to support pregnant women’s behaviour.Results Thirty-one women participated (selected for demographic range). Women reported adhering to social distancing recommendations and intended to continue. COM-B analysis identified gaps in understanding around risk, vulnerability, and the extent of required social distancing, as well as facilitators of social distancing behaviour (e.g. social support, motivation to stay safe, home environment/resources). Additional themes around detrimental mental health effects and changes to maternity healthcare from the social distancing measures were identified. Infographic resources (plus midwife report) addressing women’s key concerns were produced and disseminated.Conclusions The COM-B model provided useful details of determinants of pregnant women’s adherence to social distancing behaviours. The confusion of what being ‘at risk’ meant and varying interpretation of what was expected indicates a need for greater clarity around categories and guidance. The loss of maternity care and negative mental health effects of social distancing suggests a growing area of unmet health needs to be addressed in future.
GC–MS analysis of phytoconstituents of Acacia nilotica and its molecular docking with drug-targets of Leishmania donovani to combat leishmanaisis
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Rahman Fazlur , Alshehri Bader , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Ali Rahat , Alshammari Fahdah , Alaidarous Mohammed , Banawas Saeed , Dukhyil Abdul Aziz , Rub Abdur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acacia nilotica is an important medicinal plant, found in Africa, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent. Every part of the plant possesses a wide array of biologically-active and therapeutically important compounds and have been used in traditional-system of medicine. We reported the antileishmanial activity of Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) bark methanolic extract through in vitro assays and dissected the mechanism of its action through in silico studies. Bark methanolic extract exhibited anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote potency with IC50 value of 19.6 + 0.9037 µg/ml and 77.52 + 5.167 µg/ml respectively in time and dose dependent manner. It showed very low cytotoxicity having CC50 value of 432.7 + 7.71 µg/ml on human-macrophage cell line, THP-1. The major constituents identified by GC-MS analysis are 13-docosenoic acid (34.06%), lupeol(20.15 %), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (9.92 %) and 6-octadecanoic acid (8.43 %) bind effectively with the potential drug-targets of Leishmania donovani (L. donovani ) including sterol 24-c-methytransferase (SMT), trypanothione reductase (TR), pteridine reductase (PTR1) and adenine phosphorybosyl transferase (APRT); suggest the possible mechanism of its antileishmanial action. The highest affinity with all these targets was shown by lupeol. The pharmacokinetic studies, predicted bioactivity scores and acute toxicity studies of major extract constituents support safe antileishmanial drug candidate. This study proved the antileishmanial potential of bark-methanolic extract A. nilotica and its mechanism of action through the inhibition of potential drug targets of L. donovani.
Different Top-Down Goals Modulate Early Stage of Attention Bias: Irrelevant Task Suppresses the N170 of Automatic Attention Allocation to Threat Faces
Authors: Dou Haoran , Liang Limei , Ma Jie , Lu Jiachen , Zhang Wenhai , Li Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent research has evidenced that stimulus-driven attention bias for threat can be modulated by top-down goals. However, it remains unclear how different top-down goals affect the early stage of attention processing and its early neural mechanism. We collected electroencephalographic data from 28 healthy volunteers during four inconsistent levels in a modified spatial cueing task according to cue validity and task relevance. Our data revealed that reaction time(RT) to the target in the irrelevant task were much slower than that in the relevant task. In the irrelevant task, we did not find the difference between the RTs to the fearful and neutral face. In the relevant task, we found RTs of fearful face were faster than that of neutral face in valid cue condition(weak inconsistent level), whereas the RTs of fearful face were slower than that of neutral face in invalid cue condition(medium inconsistent level). The ERPs results showed that in relevant task(weak, medium inconsistent levels), fearful face in cue position of the target evoked larger N170 amplitudes than neutral face did, whereas this effect was suppressed in irrelevant task(strong, very strong inconsistent levels). Besides, fearful face in cue position of the target also evoked larger vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitudes than the neutral face did in valid cue condition( weak inconsistent level). These results suggest that irrelevant task may inhibit the early attention allocation to the fearful face. Furthermore, the top-down processing modulates the early attention bias for threatening faces.
Identifying Pivotal microRNAs&nbsp;and Target Genes Associated With the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Xiao Shengjue , Zhou Yufei , Liu Qiaozhi , Zhang Tiantian , Zhu Hong , Pan Defeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. However, specific molecular mechanism of AF remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify pivotal target genes and miRNAs in the process of AF, which help provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and the methods for early intervention. Methods: Three gene expression array datasets (GSE31821, GSE41177 and GSE79768) and a miRNA expression array dataset of AF dataset (GSE68475) were downloaded. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the LIMMA package and differential expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened from GSE68475. Target genes of DEMs were predicted using the miRTarbase database, the number of the intersection between DEGs and these target genes was 26, named CDEGs. The common DEGs (CDEGs) was subject to following analysis. Results: A total of 264 DEGs and 40 DEMs were identified between the AF and control groups. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of up-regulated DEGs and down-regulated DEGs were performed. The CDEGs were mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, negative regulation of cell division and response to hypoxia. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the microRNA‐transcription factor‐target regulatory network and drug‐gene network were also constructed by Cytoscape software. Conclusion: The present study revealed several novel genes and miRNAs involved in AF. We speculated that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might participate in the pathogenesis of AF with the interaction of MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), heat shock protein 90 kDA alpha, class B, member 1 (HSP90AB1) and DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), moreover, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) could target miR-671-5p, miR-4306, miR-3125, miR-4298 in the progression of AF.
Association Between Dementia and Clinical Outcome After COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matched Control in South Korea
Authors: Wang Sheng-Min , Park Si-Hyun , Kim Nak-Young , Kang Dong Woo , Na Hae-Ran , Um Yoo Hyun , Han Seunghoon , Park Sung-Soo , Lim Hyun Kook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite a high prevalence of dementia in older adults hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19), research investigating association between preexisting diagnoses of dementia and prognosis of COVID-19 is scarce. We explored a nationwide cohort with a total of 2,800 subjects older than 50 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between January and April 2020. Among them, 223 patients had underlying dementia (dementia group). We matched 1:1 for each dementia-non-dementia group pair yielding 223 patients without dementia (no dementia group) using propensity score matching. The primary outcome measure was group difference in mortality after COVID-19. Mortality rate after COVID-19 were significantly higher in dementia group than in no dementia group (33.6% vs. 20.2%, p=0.002). In addition, dementia group had higher proportion of patients requiring invasive ventilatory support than no dementia group (34.1% vs. 22.0%, p=0.006). Multivariable analysis showed that dementia group had a higher risk of mortality than no dementia group (odds ratio=3.05, p<0.001). We also found that patients in dementia group had a higher risk of needing invasive ventilatory support than those in no dementia group. Our results suggest that system including strengthen quarantines are required for patients with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.