bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased spontaneous CCL2 (MCP‐1) and CCL5 (RANTES) secretion in vitro in LADA compared to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: Action LADA 14
Authors: Ooms Mark , Strom Alexander , Strassburger Klaus , Menart Barbara , Leslie Richard D. , Schloot Nanette C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsImmune‐mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adulthood and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) share similar pathological mechanisms but differ clinically in disease progression. The aim of this study was to acquire insights into spontaneous and stimulated chemokine secretion of immune cells in different diabetes types.Materials and MethodsWe investigated in vitro spontaneous, mitogen (PI) and antigen (HSP60, p277, pGAD, pIA2) stimulated chemokine secretion of leucocytes from patients with T1D (n = 32), LADA (n = 22), type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 49), and glucose‐tolerant individuals (n = 13). Chemokine concentration in supernatants was measured for CCL2 (MCP‐1), CXCL10 (IP10) and CCL5 (RANTES) using a multiplex bead array assay.ResultsSpontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 were higher in LADA compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 was similar in the groups. Mitogen‐stimulated secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 and CCL5 were similar in all groups. Upon stimulation with pIA2 the secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T2D (p < 0.05). Spontaneous CXCL10 secretion in LADA was positively associated with body mass index (r2 = 0.35; p = 0.0035) and C‐peptide (r2 = 0.30; p = 0.009).ConclusionsChemokine secretion is altered between different diabetes types. Increased spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 and decreased secretion of CCL2, upon stimulation with PI and pIA2, in LADA compared to T1D and T2D could reflect altered immune responsiveness in LADA patients in association with their slower clinical progression compared to insulin dependence.
Performance evaluation of handheld Raman spectroscopy for cocaine detection in forensic case samples
Authors: Kranenburg Ruben F. , Verduin Joshka , de Ridder Renee , Weesepoel Yannick , Alewijn Martin , Heerschop Marcel , Keizers Peter H.J. , van Esch Annette , van Asten Arian C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHandheld Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique for rapid on‐site detection of drugs of abuse. Most devices are developed for on‐scene operation with a user interface that only shows whether cocaine has been detected. Extensive validation studies are unavailable, and so are typically the insight in raw spectral data and the identification criteria. This work evaluates the performance of a commercial handheld Raman spectrometer for cocaine detection based on (i) its performance on 0–100 wt% binary cocaine mixtures, (ii) retrospective comparison of 3,168 case samples from 2015 to 2020 analyzed by both gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Raman, (iii) assessment of spectral selectivity, and (iv) comparison of the instrument's on‐screen results with combined partial least square regression (PLS‐R) and discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) models. The limit of detection was dependent on sample composition and varied between 10 wt% and 40 wt% cocaine. Because the average cocaine content in street samples is well above this limit, a 97.5% true positive rate was observed in case samples. No cocaine false positives were reported, although 12.5% of the negative samples were initially reported as inconclusive by the built‐in software. The spectral assessment showed high selectivity for Raman peaks at 1,712 (cocaine base) and 1,716 cm−1 (cocaine HCl). Combined PLS‐R and PLS‐DA models using these features confirmed and further improved instrument performance. This study scientifically assessed the performance of a commercial Raman spectrometer, providing useful insight on its applicability for both presumptive detection and legally valid evidence of cocaine presence for law enforcement.
Parallel evolution of direct development in frogs ‐ Skin and thyroid gland development in African Squeaker Frogs (Anura: Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis)
Authors: Naumann Benjamin , Schweiger Susan , Hammel Jörg U. , Müller Hendrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCases of parallel evolution offer the possibility to identify adaptive traits and to uncover developmental constraints on the evolutionary trajectories of these traits. The independent evolution of direct development from the ancestral biphasic life history in frogs is such a case of parallel evolution. In frogs, aquatic larvae (tadpoles) differ profoundly from their adult forms and exhibit a stunning diversity regarding their habitats, morphology and feeding behaviors. The transition from the tadpole to the adult is a climactic, thyroid hormone (TH)‐dependent process of profound and fast morphological rearrangement called metamorphosis. One of the organ systems that experiences the most comprehensive metamorphic rearrangements is the skin. Direct‐developing frogs lack a free‐swimming tadpole and hatch from terrestrial eggs as fully formed froglets. In the few species examined, development is characterized by the condensed and transient formation of some tadpole‐specific features and the early formation of adult‐specific features during a “cryptic” metamorphosis.ResultsWe show that skin in direct‐developing African squeaker frogs (Arthroleptis) is also repatterned from a tadpole‐like to an adult‐like histology during a cryptic metamorphosis. This repatterning correlates with histological thyroid gland maturation. A comparison with data from the Puerto Rican coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) reveals that the evolution of direct development in these frogs is associated with a comparable heterochronic shift of thyroid gland maturation.ConclusionThis suggests that the development of many adult features is still dependent on, and possibly constrained by, the ancestral dependency on thyroid hormone signaling.
A computationally efficient framework for rotation dependent and rotation independent intensity measures
Authors: Vats Falak , Basu Dhiman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrientation of a structure in a site is generally known but not the direction of maximum shaking during a future seismic event. Two different types of intensity measures (IMs) are usually used to approximately account for this directionality effect, namely, the rotation dependent such as RotDxx and GMRotDxx and the rotation independent such as RotIxx and GMRotIxx. Rotation dependent IMs are presently constructed by performing time history analysis for all possible orientation (usually @ 1 degree) of the input ground motion set followed by picking the xx‐percentile spectral ordinate. In other words, the construction of RotDxx spectrum requires a set of 180 time history analysis of an oscillator per spectral ordinate. Similarly, the construction of GMRotDxx requires time history analysis of an oscillator against 90 pairs of orthogonal components per spectral ordinate. This paper presents a framework that enables the construction of rotation dependent IMs by performing time history analysis against a pair of as‐recorded components with some nominal supplemental processing. This reduces the computational cost more than 90% when compared with the state of the art. Rotation independent IMs are defined through finding out the rotation that minimizes the error (often termed as the penalty function) with respect to the target spectra of associated rotation dependent IM as the benchmark. Resulting rotation independent IMs show somewhat sensitivity on the maximum time period used in spectral representation. This paper presents an alternate definition (involving scaling and rotation) for rotation independent IMs that nearly eliminates such sensitivity.
Past, present and future of a meandering river in the Bolivian Amazon basin
Authors: Arnez Ferrel Kattia Rubi , Nelson Jonathan Mark , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Kyuka Tomoko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractField observations on small rivers of the Amazon basin are less common due to their remote location and difficult accessibility. Here we show, through remote sensing analysis and field works, the planform evolution and riverbed topography of a small river located in the upper foreland Amazon basin, the Ichilo River. By tracking planform changes over 30 years, we identified the factors that control meander migration rates in the Ichilo River: cutoffs, climate and human interventions. The data suggest that neck cutoffs are the main controls in the Ichilo River, with an annual density of 0.022 cutoffs/km. In addition, climate controls have been identified in the form of high‐precipitation events that may have promoted cutoffs, an increase in meander migration rate and channel widening. The width distribution of the Ichilo River is well represented by general extreme value and inverse Gaussian distributions. The spatiotemporal variability of meandering migration rates in the Ichilo River is analysed in two locations where neck cutoffs are expected. Analysing the distance across the neck in these two points, we predict the occurrence of a new cutoff. The combined methodology of bathymetric surveys and structure from motion photogrammetry shows us the Ichilo riverbed topography and banks at high resolution, where two scour holes were identified. Finally, we discuss the impact of planform changes of the Ichilo River on communities that are established along its riverbanks.
The effects of expanded social health insurance on young mothers: Lessons from a pro‐choice reform in Uruguay
Authors: Balsa Ana I. , Triunfo Patricia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the implementation of the National Integrated Health System in 2007, the Uruguayan government extended social health insurance (SHI) to groups of individuals previously covered by the public safety net (PSN) or that paid for private insurance out‐of‐pocket. The policy allowed new beneficiaries to choose care from a set of private providers. In this study, we focus on the extension of SHI to adolescent mothers previously covered by the PSN. Exploiting the gradual incorporation of children of formal workers during the 2008–2013 period, and the geographic variation in the intensity of the reform, we find suggestive evidence that the increase in choice associated to the expansion of SHI decreased adolescent fertility, improved prenatal care and birthweight, and decreased first year mortality among low birthweight infants. These effects were only observed in the medium run, suggesting initial choice frictions and input shortage. We provide evidence that families increased their choice of private providers and that market concentration decreased in certain areas of the country, supporting the hypothesis that choice, and possibly competition, were the main mechanisms behind the findings.
Muscle invasion in oropharyngeal carcinoma undergoing transoral robotic surgery
Authors: McKenzie Robert M. , Parhar Harman S. , Ng Tony L. , Prisman Eitan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundsPathologic features of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) treated with trans‐oral robotic surgery predict prognosis and adjuvant therapy. We hypothesized that pathologic muscle invasion (pMI) is associated with poor pathological markers.MethodsRetrospective review of surgically treated OPSCC to identify pMI and its association with poor pathologic markers.ResultspMI was present in 12/37 patients, and compared to non‐pMI, was associated with higher rates of lymphovascular invasion (75% vs. 36%, p = 0.03), perineural invasion (16.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.04), extranodal extension (66.7% vs. 20%, p < 0.01), and tumor stage (8.3% vs. 48% pT1, 75% vs. 52% pT2 and 16.7% vs. 0% pT3). pMI was associated with having a positive margin on main specimen (41.7% vs. 12%, p = 0.04) but not after considering additional margins.ConclusionsMuscle invasion was associated with higher pathologic tumor staging, poor pathologic factors, and higher rates of positive margin on main specimen.
Examining Trichloroisocyanuric Acid and Oxalyl Chloride in Complementary Approaches to Fluorination of Group 15 Heteroatoms
Authors: Bornemann Dustin , Brüning Fabian , Bartalucci Niccolò , Wettstein Lionel , Pitts Cody Ross 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA mild, oxidative fluorination approach to a variety of fluorinated phosphorus compounds using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) and KF was developed as a complement to a recent study on deoxygenative fluorination using oxalyl chloride. Herein, the syntheses of several fluorinated organophosphorus compounds are reported, and both TCICA/KF and oxalyl chloride/KF conditions are compared and contrasted throughout. Initial investigations of the method on other group 15 heteroatoms (i. e., As, Sb, and Bi) are also reported, with varied success. This work notably extends the known TCICA/KF reactivity series to another group of elements beyond previously studied chalcogens (S, Se, and Te) and halogens (iodine) and expands the utility of the previously reported oxalyl chloride/KF method.
“A child with sickle cell disease can't live with just anyone.” A mixed methods study of socio‐behavioral influences and severity of sickle cell disease in northern Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu Zubairu , Borodo Awwal M. , Jibir Binta W. , Nass Nafisa S. , Aliyu Muktar H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe modulatory effects of psychosocial and biophysical environments on sickle cell disease (SCD) severity during childhood has not been well characterized in high burden settings, such as Nigeria.ObjectivesWe identified socio‐demographic correlates and explored caregivers' perceptions on socio‐behavioral and environmental influences on hospitalization for pain and blood transfusion of children with SCD in Kano, Nigeria.MethodsUsing mixed methods, structured questionnaires were administered to a clinic‐based sample of caregivers of children with SCD (n = 372), complemented with eight focus group discussions. Binary logistic regression models and the framework approach were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe majority (73.1%, n = 272) of the children had at least one vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC), and 41.1% (n = 153) required hospitalization in the preceding year. A total of 170 children (45.7%) received blood transfusion. Hospitalization was predicted by the child's age (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.89; 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.18‐4.07, ≥10 vs <5 years), relationship with caregiver (AOR = 5.41; 95%CI: 1.17‐25.05, mother vs “others”), father's number of children (AOR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.19‐5.31, ≥10 vs ≤4), and siblings with SCD (AOR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.16‐8.80, 2 vs 0). Caregivers perceived maternal care, stable home environment, medication adherence, anti‐mosquito measures, and adequate nutrition as protective factors, whereas poverty, extreme emotions, physical exertion, and extreme temperatures were identified as detrimental to the health of the child.ConclusionsHospitalizations for VOC and transfusion rates among children with SCD were high. Understanding the modulatory effects of socio‐behavioral factors on SCD severity could inform preventive measures and enhance the quality of life of affected children.
Stable isotopes of water reveal differences in plant – soil water relationships across northern environments
Authors: Tetzlaff Doerthe , Buttle James , Carey Sean K. , Kohn Matthew J. , Laudon Hjalmar , McNamara James P. , Smith Aaron , Sprenger Matthias , Soulsby Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compared stable isotopes of water in plant stem (xylem) water and soil collected over a complete growing season from five well‐known long‐term study sites in northern/cold regions. These spanned a decreasing temperature gradient from Bruntland Burn (Scotland), Dorset (Canadian Shield), Dry Creek (USA), Krycklan (Sweden), to Wolf Creek (northern Canada). Xylem water was isotopically depleted compared to soil waters, most notably for deuterium. The degree to which potential soil water sources could explain the isotopic composition of xylem water was assessed quantitatively using overlapping polygons to enclose respective data sets when plotted in dual isotope space. At most sites isotopes in xylem water from angiosperms showed a strong overlap with soil water; this was not the case for gymnosperms. In most cases, xylem water composition on a given sampling day could be better explained if soil water composition was considered over longer antecedent periods spanning many months. Xylem water at most sites was usually most dissimilar to soil water in drier summer months, although sites differed in the sequence of change. Open questions remain on why a significant proportion of isotopically depleted water in plant xylem cannot be explained by soil water sources, particularly for gymnosperms. It is recommended that future research focuses on the potential for fractionation to affect water uptake at the soil‐root interface, both through effects of exchange between the vapour and liquid phases of soil water and the effects of mycorrhizal interactions. Additionally, in cold regions, evaporation and diffusion of xylem water in winter may be an important process.
Significance of isotopic and geochemical methods to determine the evolution of inland brackish and bitter water: An example from the Zuli river in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Liu Zihao , Tan Hongbing , Brusseau Mark L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the increasing demand for water resources, the utilization of marginal water resources of poor‐quality has become a focus of attention. The brackish water developed in the Loess Plateau is not only salty but also famous for its ‘bitterness’. In the present work, multi‐isotope analysis (Sr, B) was combined with geochemical analysis to gain insight into the hydrogeochemical evolution and formation mechanisms of brackish water. These results demonstrate that groundwater in the headwater is influenced by carbonate weathering. After the confluence of several tributaries in the headwater, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of water is significantly increased. The dissolution of evaporates is shown to be the main source of salinity in brackish water, which also greatly affects the strontium isotopic composition of water. This includes the dissolution of Mg‐rich minerals, which is the main cause of the bitterness. Furthermore, the release of calcium from the dissolution of gypsum may induce calcite precipitation and incongruent dissolution of dolomite, which also contributes to the enrichment of magnesium. The highly fractionated boron isotopic values observed in the upstream groundwater were explained by the absorption with clay minerals. The inflow of brackish groundwater is the source of river water. Then evaporation further aggravates the salinization of river water, with water quality evolving to saline conditions in the lower reach. When the river reaches the valley plain, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios decreases significantly, which is primarily related to erosion of the riverbanks during runoff. These results indicate that water resource sustainability could be enhanced by directing focus to mitigating salinization in the source area of the catchment.
Giving birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The impact on birth satisfaction and postpartum depression
Authors: Mariño‐Narvaez Carolina , Puertas‐Gonzalez Jose A. , Romero‐Gonzalez Borja , Peralta‐Ramirez Maria Isabel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand how giving birth during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic affected women based on birth parameters (gestational age, type of birth and body weight at birth), satisfaction with childbirth, and development of postpartum depression.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 162 Spanish women. They were divided into two groups: those who gave birth before the pandemic (n = 82; from September 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020) and during the pandemic (n = 75; from April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2020). They were assessed using psychological instruments for postpartum childbirth satisfaction and postpartum depression.ResultsIt was found that women who gave birth during the pandemic suffered higher levels of stress during childbirth (U = 2652.50; P = 0.040) and gave a worse rating of the quality of care received (U = 2703.50; P = 0.041). In addition, the percentage of postpartum depression was much higher in women who gave birth during the pandemic (χ2 = 4.31; P = 0.038).ConclusionGiving birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic could have an impact on greater dissatisfaction with childbirth, as well as increasing the risk of postpartum depression.
Journal entry anomaly detection model
Authors: Zupan Mario , Budimir Verica , Letinic Svjetlana 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAlthough numerous scientific papers have been written on deep learning, very few have been written on the exploitation of such technology in the field of accounting or bookkeeping. Our scientific study is oriented exactly toward this specific field. As accountants, we know the problems faced in modern accounting. Although accountants may have a plethora of information regarding technology support, looking for errors or fraud is a demanding and time‐consuming task that depends on manual skills and professional knowledge. Our efforts are oriented toward resolving the problem of error‐detection automation that is currently possible through new technologies, and we are trying to develop a web application that will alleviate the problems of journal entry anomaly detection. Our developed application accepts data from one specific enterprise resource planning system while also representing a general software framework for other enterprise resource planning developers. Our web application is a prototype that uses two of the most popular deep‐learning architectures; namely, a variational autoencoder and long short‐term memory. The application was tested on two different journals: data set D, learned on accounting journals from 2007 to 2018 and then tested during the year 2019, and data set H, learned on journals from 2014 to 2016 and then tested during the year 2017. Both accounting journals were generated by micro entrepreneurs.
Gold nanoparticles regulate the antitumor secretome and have potent cytotoxic effects against prostate cancer cells
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Hu Jinghai , Wang Hao , Wang Chunxi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe specific cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles on tumor cells may be used in future antitumor clinical applications. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported to produce potent cytotoxic effects; however, the precise mechanism is unclear. In this study, AuNPs were synthesized; the average size of the particles was 62.2 ± 6 nm with smooth surface and multiple shapes, which were determined using transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The selected area electron diffraction patterns suggested that the synthesized AuNPs were crystalline. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of the synthesized AuNPs has presented an intense peak at 100 eV, signifying the entire composition of Au in the developed AuNPs. This synthesized AuNPs showed the most potent efficacy in prostate cancer cells, regardless of whether or not they were androgen dependent. Secretome determinations using two‐dimensional difference in‐gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE), followed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction validations, have identified a series of secretory proteins that were dysregulated by AuNP treatment in prostate cancer cells, many of which are highly involved in cytokine–chemokine functions, including CXCL3, interleukin‐10, CCL2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Further research on molecular mechanism has indicated that AuNPs can trigger the secretion of anticancer factors and myeloid cell‐polarizing factors from tumor cells through MMP9 inhibition. These results have clearly signified the cytotoxic potential of AuNPs for treating prostate cancer and may provide a novel direction for prostate cancer therapy in the future.