bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auto-Updated Virtual Multiphase Flow Metering System Using Neural Networks and Edge Computing
Authors: Torre Mario , Chen Julio , Sadek Nael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In oil and gas production, the multiphase flow rate is one of the most important measurements at the wellhead because it is essential for production allocation, flow assurance, and production surveillance. Multiphase flowmeter devices (MPFM) provide accurate measurements. However, this performance comes at high capital and operating costs that are not economically viable for all wells within aging or on mature fields. A real-time platform based on current technologies offers methods to deploy and automatically update the reduced-order models (ROM) to edge field devices. This approach is used specifically to provide a solution to estimate flow rates in real time at the field level, with and accuracy performance close to what the MPFM delivers, but at a reduced capital and operating costs.
Edge field devices can provide the required computing power to run data-driven ROM models on the field side using neural network algorithms, trained to calculate well multiphase flow rate with acceptable accuracy. Periodic updates are performed on the data-driven models on the cloud, and the updated models are downloaded to the edge field device. In this way, the models based on neural networks, deployed and running at the edge field device level, are automatically adapted to changes of the well flow regime over the well's life cycle.
An auto-trainable, machine-learning-based, multiphase estimated flow metering system running at the wellsite has been deployed and implemented. The system uses real-time and well test data, mathematical well models, neural-network-based data-driven models, which are automatically trained and updated on the cloud. The solution includes implementation in a real-time digital oil field automation system, which provides the technology platform required by this virtual flow metering system. The system offers a cost-effective way to obtain well flow rate measurement estimates with an acceptable accuracy. This virtual metering system can be used on hundreds or thousands of oil wells simultaneously using real-time data. The system provides oil and gas operators with good real-time flow metering estimates of their wells, accurate enough for production surveillance and allocation.
Investigation on Fouling During Application of EOR Polymer in Aishwarya Field
Authors: Zagitov Robert , Mathur Vinay , Subramanian Jaisankar , Selvam Venkat Panneer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Deposition of elastic fouling material on equipment for processing and transportation of crude was observed after EOR polymer breaking through to producing wells of the Aishwarya field. The objective of the study included analyzing polymer containing deposits, concluding on mechanism of precipitation and developing the solution for fouling control based on the novel laboratory test procedure.
Aishwarya field is in north-west part of India. Fatehgarh group is the main reservoir unit. Artificial lift in Aishwarya is mainly by ESP. An opportunity to improve the recovery of Aishwarya field via better displacement of oil was envisaged through implementation of EOR polymer flood. HPAM (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) polymer injection was initiated in September 2017. Failures of ESP pumps, significant fouling of strainers of liquid transfer and PWRI pumps, pressure increase in Aishwarya production line which necessitate increased pigging frequency was observed soon after polymer breaking through to producing wells.
Detailed analysis of produced water containing back produced polymer and elastic deposits collected from different equipment were performed. Specific test methods have been selected for such analysis including SEC, XRF, XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR, NMR etc. It was found that Aishwarya deposits contain high concentration of precipitated polymer (to 36%) and polymer was completely hydrolyzed, degree of hydrolysis or DOH at 100%. Chemical nature of polymer was evaluated as Calcium Carboxylates.
DOH of returned polymer in Aishwarya produced water was measured upto 79%, significant increase from the initial 25%. Such high DOH significantly dropped tolerance of HPAM to divalent cations and increases potential for precipitation with Calcium in Aishwarya brine having relatively high concentration of Calcium and high value of the relative hardness, the ratio of divalent cations to total cations.
Fast increase of DOH was attributed to the relatively high temperature of the Aishwarya reservoir (up to 77 deg C at the OWC zone).
Novel test method, accelerated aging test, has been used to investigate the long-term stability of the applied HPAM and more thermally stable polymers containing monomers of acrylamide tertiary butyl sulphonic acid (ATBS) for Aishwarya conditions. Laboratory tests represented 200 – 400 days travelling time at the Aishwarya reservoir temperature. The test results indicated on significantly better viscosity retention and higher polymer thermal stability, represented by the polymer cloud point, of ATBS co-polymers than HPAM for Aishwariya field conditions as more suitable polymer type for polymer flooding than HPAM.
A Method to Correlate Interactions Between Injectors and Producers
Authors: Alabri Sara , Ghafram Hamid , AlKalbani Munther 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In reservoirs management, sometimes it becomes difficult to identify which injector is supporting which producer(s) by graphs visual inspection. Available built-in correlations like Pearson –within common spreadsheets-, only valid for strictly monotonic (only increasing or decreasing) trends. A situation that is nearly impossible to see in real production/ injection trends. To resolve this issue, we developed a correlative tool in spreadsheet based on Spearman's correlation to assess communication degree between wells using production/ injection data.
The method essentially implemented then non-parametric Spearman's correlation - valid with non-monotonic trends- and used visual basic application (VBA) coding language to provide easy to use worksheet. The input data needed are: production/injection data of the well(s), with any desired parameter like oil rate, water rate, GOR or water cut. After running the code, the outputs are numbers between −1 and 1 reflecting correlation coefficients between WI-OPs production parameters or OP-OP parameters. Zero or close to zero means no correlation, number close to 1 mean very strong proportional correlation and a number close to −1 reflects inversely proportional correlation.
The tool was built successfully and enabled quick injection/production correlation between one injector and several producers at once using available production data. Also, it can run production/injection correlations between one producer and several injectors. Currently, it can measures correlation between one injector with up to 32 producers, or with 32 different parameters of several producers like water cut, gas oil ratio (GOR), oil rate, water injection rate, and water production rate. Moreover, it can correlate between producer-producer to check for interference. The code was found to be fast. Results from this tool were compared to results obtained from streamlines models and tracer injection in two different fields, one was naturally fractured carbonate and the other was sandstone. Evaluation of the tool ability to find true interactions between wells was achieved by comparing results of correlations coefficient with underground flowing tracers and streamline simulations. Some agreement was found between, streamline models, tracer surveys and Spearman correlation in well known areas to have well-well communication. Some limitiations were identified. Nevertheless, the tool can be used as a quick scanning tool for communication between wells.
This tool provides an addition to the inventory of existing investigative methods like tracers, streamlines, and diagnostic plots and gives more weight to results from these techniques on identifying which wells in communication. The tool is easy to build, simple to use and fast to run. The tool might help reservoir management teams to better manage reservoirs, and free more time for engineers to improve production and increase oil gain.
Nano Metallic, Dissolvable Plugged Nozzle Assemblies DPNA for Extended Performance
Authors: Chen Roy Ting , Ganesh Shenoy Ramachandra , Markel Daniel , Reddy Rupesh , Abraham Aju , Roy Indranil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here we present commercialization and mechanisms to manufacture bulk-metallic-glass composite (BMGC) dissolvable plugged nozzle assemblies (DPNA) for injection wells in offshore Arabian Gulf. These DPNAs' are to be installed on limited entry perforated liners for an extended performance, providing significant cost benefits to operators. While elastomeric plugs have significant shortcomings, thermal stability, extrudability among others, as such compromised high temperature performance, our metallic dissolvable alloy has reliable performance at elevated temperatures even at higher pressures. Our article encompasses design, verification and validation (V&V) data for a nozzle with a partially vitrified, nano-metallic dissolvable plug to withstand 3,500 psi differential pressure across the nozzle, where (i) Ability of DPNA to hold pressure between 12 and 36-hour (0.5 to 1.5 days) when pressurized from ID to OD, with subsequent breakthrough on pressure reversal of 200 to 500 psi (OD to ID) within 14 days from start of operations (ii) Environment encompasses up to 43% Bromide salts as completions brine to prevent deposition of Ca2+ ions abundant in Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) or up to 21% Chloride salts (iii) Temperatures as high as 200 ºF, will be a first of its kind. V&V is supported by flow testing combined with CFD performed on potted DPNAs'.
Asphaltene Modeling with Cubic and More Complex Equations of State
Authors: Leekumjorn Sukit , Boesen Risum Rasmus , Sørensen Henrik , Krejbjerg Kristian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
14 reservoir fluids from the Middle East and Gulf of Mexico were used to investigate whether cubic equations (SRK EoS) are capable of modeling published asphaltene data with and without gas injection or if it requires more complex equations of state. Each fluid had published data for: 1) fluid composition, 2) routine PVT/EOR data, 3) amount of asphaltene (wt% in STO), and 4) asphaltene onset pressure data with and without gas injection. The starting point for the model developments was a reservoir fluid composition. The models were first tuned to match routine and EOR PVT data. For Asphaltene modeling, the heavy components were subsequently split into an asphaltene and a non-asphaltene part. EoS parameters were assigned to the asphaltene components to accurately simulate measured asphaltene onset pressures. The development of an asphaltene model for a selected fluid was also compared between SRK, CPA, and PC-SAFT EoS.
This study shows that it is possible to obtain a good match of both PVT data and asphaltene onset pressure data for all 14 fluids with the SRK EoS. Using optimized EoS parameters obtained from this study, a model simulating the asphaltene behavior of a fluid can in most cases be developed by adjusting only the Tc of the asphaltene component to match an asphaltene data point. For fluids with a high asphaltene content, further tuning may still be required, but the optimized parameters provide a very good starting point. A step-by-step guide is provided which shows how to develop a model that gives a good match of asphaltene onset pressure data with the SRK equation. An equally good match could be achieved by the CPA and PC-SAFT equations, but these two more complex equations provided no advantage over the simpler SRK equation and the tuning was found to be more cumbersome.
Structural Brain Network Characteristics in Patients With Episodic and Chronic Migraine
Authors: Michels Lars , Koirala Nabin , Groppa Sergiu , Luechinger Roger , Gantenbein Andreas R , Sandor Peter S , Kollias Spyros , Riederer Franz , Muthuraman Muthuraman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Migraine is a primary headache disorder that can be classified into an episodic (EM) and a chronic form (CM). Network analysis within the graph-theoretical framework based on connectivity patterns provides an approach to observe large-scale structural integrity. We test the hypothesis that migraineurs are characterized by a segregated network. Methods: 19 healthy controls (HC), 17 EM patients and 12 CM patients were included. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were computed, and topology was analyzed using a graph theory analytical framework and network-based statistics. We further used support vector machines regression (SVR) to identify whether these network measures were able to predict clinical parameters. Results: Network based statistics revealed significantly lower interregional connectivity strength between anatomical compartments including the fronto-temporal, parietal and visual areas in EM and CM when compared to HC. Higher assortativity was seen in both patients’ group, with higher modularity for CM and higher transitivity for EM compared to HC. For subcortical networks, higher assortativity and transitivity were observed for both patients’ group with higher modularity for CM. SVR revealed that network measures could robustly predict clinical parameters for migraineurs. Conclusion: We found global network disruption for EM and CM indicated by highly segregated network in migraine patients compared to HC. Higher modularity but lower clustering coefficient in CM is suggestive of more segregation in this group compared to EM. The presence of a segregated network could be a sign of maladaptive reorganization of headache related brain circuits, leading to migraine attacks or secondary alterations to pain.
A single-step genome wide association study on Body Size Traits using imputation-based whole-genome sequence data in Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Liu Huatao , Song Hailiang , Jiang Yifan , Jiang Yao , Zhang Fengxia , Liu Yibing , Shi Yong , Ding Xiangdong , Wang Chuduan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The body shape of pig is the most direct production index of pig, which can fully reflect the growth status of pig and is closely related to some important economic traits. In this study, genome-wide association study on seven body size traits, the body length (BL), height (BH), chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), cannon bone circumference (CBC), rump width (RW) and chest width (CW) were conducted in Yorkshire pigs. Methods: Illumina Porcine 80K SNP chip were used to genotype 589 of 5,572 Yorkshire pigs with body size records, and then the chip data was imputed to sequencing data. After quality control of imputed sequencing data, 784,267 SNPs were obtained, and the averaged linkage disequilibrium (r2) was 0.191. We used the single-trait model and the two-trait model to conduct single-step genome wide association study (ssGWAS) on seven body size traits.Results: A total of 198 significant SNPS were finally identified according to the P value and the contribution to the genetic variance of individual SNP. 11 candidate genes (CDH13, SIL2, CDC14A, TMRPSS15, TRAPPC9, CTNND2, KDM6B, CHD3, MUC13, MAPK4 and HMGA1) were found to be associated with body size traits in pigs, KDM6B and CHD3 jointly affect AC and CC, and MUC13 jointly affect RW and CW. These genes are involved in the regulation of bone growth and development as well as the absorption of nutrients and are associated with obesity. HMGA1 is proposed as strong candidate gene for body size traits because of its important function and high consistency with other studies regarding the regulation of body size traits. Our results could provide valuable information for pig breeding based on molecular breeding.
Obesity and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Implication of The Apelinergic System.
Authors: Gourgue Florian , Derouane Françoise , Marcke Cedric van , Villar Elodie , Dano Helene , Desmet Lieven , Bouzin Caroline , Duhoux François P. , Cani Patrice D. , Jordan Benedicte F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Obese subjects present higher risk of developing mammary tumors, worse disease free survival and altered response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The circulating levels of the apelin adipokines are increased in obese subjects and are associated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we showed that obesity and tumoral apelin expression are two factors associated with incomplete response to NAC in breast cancer patients.
Quantitative Investigation Of Memory Recall Performance Of A Computational Microcircuit Model Of The Hippocampus
Authors: Andreakos Nikolaos , Yue Shigang , Cutsuridis Vassilis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Memory, the process of encoding, storing, and maintaining information over time in order to influence future actions, is very important in our lives. Losing it, it comes with a great cost. Deciphering the biophysical mechanisms leading to recall improvement should thus be of outmost importance. In this study we embarked on the quest to improve computationally the recall performance of a bio-inspired microcircuit model of the mammalian hippocampus, a brain region responsible for the storage and recall of short-term declarative memories. The model consisted of excitatory and inhibitory cells. The cell properties followed closely what is currently known from the experimental neurosciences. Cells’ firing was timed to a theta oscillation paced by two distinct neuronal populations exhibiting highly regular bursting activity, one tightly coupled to the trough and the other to the peak of theta. An excitatory input provided to excitatory cells context and timing information for retrieval of previously stored memory patterns. Inhibition to excitatory cells acted as a non-specific global threshold machine that removed spurious activity during recall. To systematically evaluate the model’s recall performance against stored patterns, pattern overlap, network size and active cells per pattern, we selectively modulated feedforward and feedback excitatory and inhibitory pathways targeting specific excitatory and inhibitory cells. Of the different model variations (modulated pathways) tested, ‘model 1’ recall quality was excellent across all conditions. ‘Model 2’ recall was the worst. The number of ‘active cells’ representing a memory pattern was the determining factor in improving the model’s recall performance regardless of the number of stored patterns and overlap between them. As ‘active cells per pattern’ decreased, the model’s memory capacity increased, interference effects between stored patterns decreased, and recall quality improved.
Immune Prognostic Implications of PSMD14 and Its Associated Genes Signatures in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chuan Tian , Mubalake Abudoureyimu , Xinrong Lin , Hao Zhou , Xiaoyuan Chu , Rui Wang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPSMD14 played a vital roles initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, PSMD14 and its-related genes for the immune prognostic implications of HCC patients have rarely been analyzed. Therefore, we aimed to explore gene signatures and immune prognostic values of PSMD14 and its-related genes in HCC.MethodsAnalyzed the expression of PSMD14 in multiple databases, and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with PSMD14 overall survival using Wilcoxon signed-ranktest, logistic and Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier method. An immune prognostic signature (including RBM45, PSMD1, OLA1, CCT6A, LCAT and IVD) was constructed and validated using the co-expression and cox regression analyses in TCGA, ICGC and TIMER datasets and CIBERSORT computational methods. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using TCGA data set. RT-PCR further validates the expression of seven immune genes in Hepatocellular carcinoma cells.ResultsIncreased PSMD14 expression in HCC was significantly associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics (grade, histologic stage, surgical approach and T stage, all p-values < 0.05 ). A total of six PSMD14-related genes were detected, which markedly related to overall survival and immune infiltrating levels in HCC patients. Using cox regression analysis, the PSMD14 and its-related genes were found to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC survival. Calibration curves confirmed good consistency between clinical nomogram prediction and actual observation. Immune prognostic model suggests that patients in the high‐risk group shown significantly poorer survival than patients in the low‐risk group.ConclusionWe screened potential immune prognostic genes and constructed and verified a novel PSMD14-based prognostic model of HCC, which provides new potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and lays a theoretical foundation for immunotherapy of HCC.
The Efficacy and Safety of Fibrin Sealant Versus Tranexamic Acid Administration in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yong Fan Yong , bo deng , Nan Hong Hai , Zhong Zhu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe efficacy and safety of topical fibrin sealant (FS) compared with tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not clear. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical FS versus topical or intravenous TXA for treatment of primary THA.MethodWe searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies up to March 2020. The references included in articles were also checked for additional potentially-relevant studies. The language of publication was limited to English. The endpoints included the mean difference (MD) of blood loss, hemoglobin value, and odds ratios (ORs) of transfusion requirements and thrombotic events. Our meta-analysis was performed according to the Guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook and the PRISMA statement. The data of the included studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.ResultsA total of four studies (two randomized controlled trials and two non-randomized controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that TXA administration led to significantly different outcomes in terms of transfusion rate (RD = -0.12, 95% CI (-0.23, -0.00), P = 0.05, I2 = 74%) and postoperative hemoglobin levels (WMD = -0.47, 95% CI (-0.74, -021), P = 0.0005, I2 = 3%) compared with topical application of FS in patients undergoing THA. No significant difference was seen in total calculated blood loss (WMD = -86.22, 95% CI (-99.13, -73.31), P < 0.00001, I2 = 96%) or complication rate (RR = 0.98, 95% CI (-99.13, -73.31), P = 0.45, I2 = 0%) between the two groups.ConclusionsTXA administration can effectively decrease the transfusion rate and result in higher postoperative hemoglobin levels without increasing the rate of infection.