bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and prenatal depression: going beyond statistical significance by assessing the impact of reliable and clinical significant change
Authors: Vargas-Terrones Marina , Nagpal Taniya S. , Perales Maria , Prapavessis Harry , Mottola Michelle F. , Barakat Ruben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature supports exercise as a preventative agent for prenatal depression; however, treatment effects for women at risk for prenatal depression remain unexplored. The purpose of the study was to examine whether exercise can lower depressive symptoms among women who began pregnancy at risk for depression using both a statistical significance and reliable and clinically significant change criteria.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials that followed the same exercise protocol. Pregnant women were allocated to an exercise intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). All participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) scale at gestational week 9–16 and 36–38. Women with a baseline score ⩾16 were included. A clinically reliable cut-off was calculated as a 7-point change in scores from pre- to post-intervention.ResultsThirty-six women in the IG and 25 women in the CG scored ⩾16 on the CES-D at baseline. At week 36–38 the IG had a statistically significant lower CES-D score (14.4 ± 8.6) than the CG (19.4 ± 11.1; p < 0.05). Twenty-two women in the IG (61%) had a clinically reliable decrease in their post-intervention score compared to eight women in the CG (32%; p < 0.05). Among the women who met the reliable change criteria, 18 (81%) in the IG and 7 (88%) in the CG had a score <16 post-intervention, with no difference between groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsA structured exercise program might be a useful treatment option for women at risk for prenatal depression.
Spatial distribution of birds and terrestrial plants in Bunger Hills
Authors: Leishman Michelle R. , Gibson John A.E. , Gore Damian B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we synthesize recorded observations of moss, lichen and bird species in Bunger Hills, East Antarctica, and assess the role of environmental controls, including sediment, salinity, moisture and geology, on species' distributions. The distribution of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) appears to be associated with geology; they nest by preference in crevices in bedrock outcrops around the margins of the hills or wherever jointed cliffs are found. South polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) are seen throughout Bunger Hills, where they nest and prey on snow petrels. Mosses and lichens were most abundant around the ice margins where fresh snow and ice meltwater are abundant. In the central area of Bunger Hills, where the highest salt concentration in sediments is found and exposure to abrasion by wind-driven mineral sand grains and ice particles is greatest, mosses and lichens are reduced in abundance and diversity. Exposure of parts of Bunger Hills from the ice sheet throughout the Last Glacial Maximum,c.20 kabp, means that some land and lakes could have acted as regional refugia and as a locus of recolonization of other ice-free areas.
MRI detection of occult venous anomalies in a patient with Williams syndrome: a case report
Authors: Davis Thomas S. , Epelman Monica S. , Madueme Peace C. , Bender Karen S. , Dadlani Gul H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWilliams syndrome is a multisystem, congenital disorder which is commonly associated with arterial stenoses: supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Venous abnormalities have not been previously reported in children with Williams syndrome. We present a case of a 3-year-old girl with Williams syndrome and diffuse venous ectasia as detected by MRI.
A high consumption of tomato and lycopene is associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality: results from a multi-ethnic cohort
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A , Banach Maciej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:We investigated the association between the consumption of tomato and lycopene and cancer mortality among US adults.Design:Prospective.Setting:The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010).Participants:Participants with estimated dietary data on tomato and lycopene consumption were included. Outcome data up until 31 December 2011 were also ascertained. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to relate baseline tomato and lycopene consumption with cancer mortality. We conducted a competing-risk survival analysis to account for deaths from other causes.Results:Adjusted Cox models showed that tomato and lycopene intake were inversely related (hazard ratio (95 % CI)) to cancer mortality: 0·86 (0·81, 0·92) and 0·79 (0·74, 0·82), respectively. In the adjusted competing-risk models, the sub-hazard ratios (95 % CI) were 0·89 (0·83, 0·94) and 0·82 (0·78, 0·86) for cancer mortality for tomato and lycopene intake, respectively. No significant interaction was found for the association between tomato and lycopene consumption and cancer mortality while comparing older (aged >50 years)v. younger adults (Pinteraction> 0·173 for all) and obesev. non-obese (Pinteraction> 0·352 for all).Conclusions:Our results demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of a high dietary intake of tomato and lycopene on cancer death. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the association.
Seasonal Seismicity in the Western Branch of the East African Rift System
Authors: Xue Liang , Johnson Christopher W. , Fu Yuning , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSurface load variations from large water bodies alter the state of stress on faults and potentially affect earthquake nucleation processes. We report observational evidence for seasonal variations of seismicity on the border faults of the western branch in the East African Rift System. Relying on water level changes of Lake Victoria and the surrounding rift lakes and soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System model, we calculate the crustal stress changes using a finite element model. Our results suggest the seasonal hydrological variations produce a 0.2–0.8 kPa Coulomb stress change on the border faults. The primary annual peak in seismicity is coincident with the peak Coulomb stress with an insignificant time lag. The correlation suggests seasonal variations of seismicity rates in the western branch of East African Rift System are modulated by the hydrological loading from Lake Victoria and the large rift lakes in the surrounding region.
FDTD Modeling of High‐Frequency Waves Through Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities
Authors: Smith D. R. , Huang C. Y. , Dao E. , Pokhrel S. , Simpson J. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic wave scattering and scintillation can occur at high latitudes of the Earth when polar cap patches are present. Polar cap patches range in size from 100 to 1,000 km and have densities on the order of 2–10 times that of the background ionosphere. Within polar cap patches, plasma irregularities caused by gradient drift instabilities are observed throughout the patch as elongated slivers. These irregularities vary in size from centimeters to tens of kilometers. Three major challenges must be overcome to thoroughly study high‐frequency electromagnetic wave interactions with polar cap patches: (1) the complex geometrical features of the irregularities within the patches must be accommodated; (2) the non‐approximated Maxwell's equations should be solved to account for all the physics of electromagnetic wave propagation, scattering, diffraction, etc.; and (3) the physics of electromagnetic wave interactions with magnetized ionospheric plasma must be included. In this paper, the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is used to overcome the above three challenges and solve for electromagnetic wave interactions with plasma irregularities within a polar cap patch. Irregularities and patch profiles are generated using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program data and incorporated into the FDTD model. The transmission coefficients for high‐frequency electromagnetic wave propagation through perturbed and unperturbed ionospheres, as well as for magnetized and unmagnetized ionospheric plasma ionospheres are calculated. From these simulations, the effects of small‐scale irregularities on high‐frequency propagation are observed.
Statistical Relationship Between Exohiss Waves and Plasmaspheric Hiss
Authors: Wang J. L. , Li L. Y. , Yu J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on the Van Allen Probe A observations from 2013 to 2015, we show the statistical relationship between exohiss waves and plasmaspheric hiss. Both hiss and exohiss waves have higher occurrence rates on the dayside (MLT = 8–20) and are positively correlated. The appearance of exohiss waves is nearly independent of the plasmapause density gradient at magnetic latitudes below 21°. Most exohiss waves (~ 68–88%) are propagating equatorward, and their amplitudes are generally smaller than those of hiss waves. This is consistent with the hiss leakage at high latitudes and associated energy dissipation. Less than 32% of exohiss waves are propagating poleward, probably due to multiple reflections of leaked hiss or excitation by equatorial instability. Although the inward reflection of chorus waves at high latitudes could produce equatorward propagating exohiss and hiss waves, this can explain only 10% of exohiss waves with larger amplitudes than hiss.
5-Azacytidine inhaled dry powder formulation profoundly improves pharmacokinetics and efficacy for lung cancer therapy through genome reprogramming
Authors: Kuehl Philip J. , Tellez Carmen S. , Grimes Marcie J. , March Thomas H. , Tessema Mathewos , Revelli David A. , Mallis Larry M. , Dye Wendy W. , Sniegowski Tyler , Badenoch Aaron , Burke Michael , Dubose Devon , Vodak David T. , Picchi Maria A. , Belinsky Steven A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic therapy through demethylation of 5-methylcytosine has been largely ineffective in treating lung cancer, most likely due to poor tissue distribution with oral or subcutaneous delivery of drugs such as 5-azacytidine (5AZA). An inhalable, stable dry powder formulation of 5AZA was developed.

Methods
Pharmacokinetics of inhaled dry powder and aqueous formulations of 5AZA were compared to an injected formulation. Efficacy studies and effect of therapy on the epigenome were conducted in an orthotopic rat lung cancer model for inhaled formulations.

Results
Inhaled dry powder 5AZA showed superior pharmacokinetic properties in lung, liver, brain and blood compared to the injected formulation and for all tissues except lung compared to an inhaled aqueous formulation. Only dry powder 5AZA was detected in brain (~4-h half-life). Inhaled dry powder was superior to inhaled aqueous 5AZA in reducing tumour burden 70–95%. Superiority of inhaled 5AZA dry powder was linked to effectively reprogramming the cancer genome through demethylation and gene expression changes in cancer signalling and immune pathways.

Conclusions
These findings could lead to widespread use of this drug as the first inhaled dry powder therapeutic for treating local and metastatic lung cancer, for adjuvant therapy, and in combination with immunotherapy to improve patient survival.
Complete genome and methylome analysis of Neisseria meningitidis associated with increased serogroup Y disease
Authors: Stenmark Bianca , Harrison Odile B. , Eriksson Lorraine , Anton Brian P. , Fomenkov Alexey , Roberts Richard J. , Tooming-Klunderud Ave , Bratcher Holly B. , Bray James E. , Thulin-Hedberg Sara , Maiden Martin C. J. , Mölling Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis emerged in Europe during the 2000s. Draft genomes of serogroup Y isolates in Sweden revealed that although the population structure of these isolates was similar to other serogroup Y isolates internationally, a distinct strain (YI) and more specifically a sublineage (1) of this strain was responsible for the increase of serogroup Y IMD in Sweden. We performed single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing on eight serogroup Y isolates from different sublineages to unravel the genetic and epigenetic factors delineating them, in order to understand the serogroup Y emergence. Extensive comparisons between the serogroup Y sublineages of all coding sequences, complex genomic regions, intergenic regions, and methylation motifs revealed small point mutations in genes mainly encoding hypothetical and metabolic proteins, and non-synonymous variants in genes involved in adhesion, iron acquisition, and endotoxin production. The methylation motif CACNNNNNTAC was only found in isolates of sublineage 2. Only seven genes were putatively differentially expressed, and another two genes encoding hypothetical proteins were only present in sublineage 2. These data suggest that the serogroup Y IMD increase in Sweden was most probably due to small changes in genes important for colonization and transmission.
Initial pyrolysis mechanism and product formation of cellulose: An Experimental and Density functional theory(DFT) study
Authors: Wang Qing , Song Hao , Pan Shuo , Dong Nanhang , Wang Xinmin , Sun Shipeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, analytical pyrolyzer coupled with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry set-up (Py-GC/MS) and density functional theory(DFT) theory was used to reveal the initial pyrolysis mechanism and product formation mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis. We demonstrated an experimentally benchmarked molecular simulation approach that delineates pyrolysis process of cellulose. Experimental results indicated that the cellulose pyrolysis products mostly incorporate levoglucosan (LG), glycolaldehyde (HAA), 5-hydroxyfurfural (5-HMF), and the like. The constituents of fast pyrolysis products of cellulose and cellobiose demonstrated the identical trend, although the contents of certain products are different. Laying the foundation of experimental analysis, the reaction pathways of four categories of cellulose pyrolysis were outlined using DFT theory; the pathways are those of generating LG, HAA, and 5-HMF and the dehydration reaction in the process of cellulose pyrolysis. Also, by comparing the energy barriers of various reactions, the optimal pathway of different reactions were summarized. The deduced cellulose pyrolysis reaction pathway opened up new ideas for studying the pyrolysis behavior of cellulose.
Hyperprogression under Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: a potential role for germinal immunogenetics
Authors: Refae Sadal , Gal Jocelyn , Brest Patrick , Giacchero Damien , Borchiellini Delphine , Ebran Nathalie , Peyrade Frederic , Guigay Joël , Milano Gérard , Saada-Bouzid Esma 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyperprogressive disease (HPD), an unexpected acceleration of tumor growth kinetics, is described in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 agents. Here, our aim was to take into consideration the host and explore whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes involved in immune response might predispose to HPD. DNA was extracted from blood-samples from 98 patients treated under CPI monotherapy. Four candidate genes (PD-1, PD-L1, IDO1 and VEGFR2) and 15 potential SNPs were selected. The TGKR (ratio of the slope of tumor growth before treatment and the slope of tumor growth on treatment) was calculated. Hyperprogression was defined as a TGKR≥2. TGKR calculation was feasible for 80 patients (82%). HPD was observed for 11 patients (14%) and was associated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.003). In univariate analysis, HPD was significantly associated with age ≥70 y (P = 0.025), immune-related toxicity (P = 0.016), VEGFR2 rs1870377 A/T or A/A (P = 0.005), PD-L1 rs2282055 G/T or G/G (P = 0.024) and PD-L1 rs2227981 G/A or A/A (P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between HPD and age ≥70 y (P = 0.006), VEGFR2 rs1870377 A/T or A/A (P = 0.007) and PD-L1 rs2282055 G/T or G/G (P = 0.018). Immunogenetics could become integral predictive factors for CPI-based immunotherapy.
Temporal patterns in acoustic presence and foraging activity of oceanic dolphins at seamounts in the Azores
Authors: Cascão Irma , Lammers Marc O. , Prieto Rui , Santos Ricardo S. , Silva Mónica A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral seamounts have been identified as hotspots of marine life in the Azores, acting as feeding stations for top predators, including cetaceans. Passive acoustic monitoring is an efficient tool to study temporal variations in the occurrence and behaviour of vocalizing cetacean species. We deployed bottom-moored Ecological Acoustic Recorders (EARs) to investigate the temporal patterns in acoustic presence and foraging activity of oceanic dolphins at two seamounts (Condor and Gigante) in the Azores. Data were collected in March–May 2008 and April 2010–February 2011. Dolphins were present year round and nearly every day at both seamounts. Foraging signals (buzzes and bray calls) were recorded in >87% of the days dolphin were present. There was a strong diel pattern in dolphin acoustic occurrence and behaviour, with higher detections of foraging and echolocation vocalizations during the night and of social signals during daylight hours. Acoustic data demonstrate that small dolphins consistently use Condor and Gigante seamounts to forage at night. These results suggest that these seamounts likely are important feeding areas for dolphins. This study contributes to a better understanding of the feeding ecology of oceanic dolphins and provides new insights into the role of seamount habitats for top predators.
Increased Lung Catalase Activity Confers Protection Against Experimental RSV Infection
Authors: Ansar Maria , Ivanciuc Teodora , Garofalo Roberto P. , Casola Antonella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mouse and human lung is associated with oxidative injury and pathogenic inflammation. RSV impairs antioxidant responses by increasing the degradation of transcription factor NRF2, which controls the expression of several antioxidant enzyme (AOE) genes, including catalase. Since catalase is a key enzyme for the dismutation of virus-mediated generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) we developed a model of intranasal supplementation of polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase (PG-CAT) for RSV-infected mice. The results of our study show that PG-CAT supplementation was able to increase specific enzymatic activity along with reduction in H2O2in the airways and had a significant protective effect against RSV-induced clinical disease and airway pathology. PG-CAT treated mice showed amelioration in airway obstruction, reduction in neutrophil elastase and inflammation. Improved airway hyperresponsiveness was also observed in mice that received PG-CAT as a treatment post-viral inoculation. In addition, PG-CAT greatly reduced the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1, TNF-α, IL-9, CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of RSV-infected mice, without increasing viral replication in the lung. In conclusion, catalase supplementation may represent a novel pharmacologic approach to be explored in human for prevention or treatment of respiratory infections caused by RSV.
Comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ST-11 isolated in Uruguay reveals lineages associated with particular epidemiological traits
Authors: D’Alessandro Bruno , Pérez Escanda Victoria , Balestrazzi Lucía , Grattarola Florencia , Iriarte Andrés , Pickard Derek , Yim Lucía , Chabalgoity José Alejandro , Betancor Laura 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major cause of foodborne disease in Uruguay since 1995. We used a genomic approach to study a set of isolates from different sources and years. Whole genome phylogeny showed that most of the strains are distributed in two major lineages (E1 and E2), both belonging to MLST sequence type 11 the major ST among serovar Enteritidis. Strikingly, E2 isolates are over-represented in periods of outbreak abundance in Uruguay, while E1 span all epidemic periods. Both lineages circulate in neighbor countries at the same timescale as in Uruguay, and are present in minor numbers in distant countries. We identified allelic variants associated with each lineage. Three genes, ycdX, pduD and hsdM, have distinctive variants in E1 that may result in defective products. Another four genes (ybiO, yiaN, aas, aceA) present variants specific for the E2 lineage. Overall this work shows that S. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains circulating in Uruguay have the same phylogenetic profile than strains circulating in the region, as well as in more distant countries. Based on these results we hypothesize that the E2 lineage, which is more prevalent during epidemics, exhibits a combination of allelic variants that could be associated with its epidemic ability.
Unexpected large impact of small charges on surface frictions with similar wetting properties
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Yang Haijun , Wang Xian , Qi Chonghai , Qu Mengyang , Sheng Nan , Wan Rongzheng , Tu Yusong , Shi Guosheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenerally, the interface friction on solid surfaces is regarded as consistent with wetting behaviors, characterized by the contact angles. Here using molecular dynamics simulations, we find that even a small charge difference (≤0.36 e) causes a change in the friction coefficient of over an order of magnitude on two-dimensional material and lipid surfaces, despite similar contact angles. This large difference is confirmed by experimentally measuring interfacial friction of graphite and MoS2contacting on water, using atomic force microscopy. The large variation in the friction coefficient is attributed to the different fluctuations of localized potential energy under inhomogeneous charge distribution. Our results help to understand the dynamics of two-dimensional materials and biomolecules, generally formed by atoms with small charge, including nanomaterials, such as nitrogen-doped graphene, hydrogen-terminated graphene, or MoS2, and molecular transport through cell membranes.
Welche Pflanzen können bei Leber-/Galleleiden helfen?
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Fürst Robert 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungVerdauungsprobleme gehören zu den Indikationen, bei denen die Betroffenen gerne zu pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln greifen. Das spiegelt sich auch in den Verkaufszahlen wider: Magen- und verdauungsfördernde Mittel standen im Jahr 2018 mit einem Umsatz von 148 Millionen Euro an vierter Stelle der 10 umsatzstärksten Indikationsgruppen bei Phytopharmaka. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Frage, welche Rationale dahintersteckt und was man genau von den pflanzlichen Präparaten erwarten kann.