bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portable, low‐cost hypoxia chamber for simulating hypoxic environments: Development, characterization and applications
Authors: Saxena Shivanjali , Agrawal Ishan , Singh Pratibha , Jha Sushmita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHypoxia is a pathological condition known to occur in several diseases including stroke and certain cancers. The development and testing of a portable hypoxia chamber remains a challenge. Hypoxia simulating devices typically consist of a sealed chamber that is placed inside the existing laboratory incubator at 37°C. Existing devices for simulating hypoxic environments are cost and space inefficient. This study describes the development of a portable, cost‐efficient hypoxia chamber with a small footprint and low running cost. Performance of the chamber was validated through cell and microbial culture as well as gene and protein expression experiments. The hypoxia dependent protein expression changes were established using HIF‐1α and VEGF as hypoxia marker. Our hypoxia chamber is able to maintain hypoxic environment for up to 12 hr.
Association between CYP2B6 polymorphism and acute leukemia in a Han population of Northwest China
Authors: Yu Li‐Li , Zhang Wei , Li Juan , Zhao Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate potential associations between CYP2B6 c.516G>T polymorphism and the occurrence and prognosis of acute leukemias (AL) in the Han population of Northwest China.MethodsThe CYP2B6 gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR‐RFLP and Sanger DNA sequencing in 126 patients with AL and 161 healthy controls.ResultsCompared with controls, there were significantly higher frequencies of GT and TT genotypes and T alleles in AL patients (p < .05), particularly in fusion gene‐positive AL patients. There was no significant difference in CYP2B6 polymorphic genotypes and T alleles between AL patients with complete remission after the first course of chemotherapy and controls (p > .05), while the frequencies in AL patients with partial remission and no remission were significantly higher. The CYP2B6 allele frequency in Han Chinese in Northwest China was significantly different to that reported in Han Chinese and other ethnic minorities in southern China, Uygur Chinese, Vietnamese, African, German, British, Spanish, Turkish, and Argentinian populations; however, there was no significant difference compared with allele frequencies reported in Tibetan and Mongolian Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and American populations.ConclusionOur findings show a strong correlation of the CYP2B6 c.516G>T polymorphism in the Han population of Northwest China with AL, especially fusion gene‐positive AL, and indicate a poor prognosis after the first course of chemotherapy. Our findings also implicate the T allele in AL susceptibility and indicate the existence of racial and geographical differences in allele frequencies of CYP2B6 c.516G>T polymorphism.
Synthesis, Evaluation and Proposed Binding Pose of Substituted Spiro‐Oxindole Dihydroquinazolinones as IRAP Inhibitors
Authors: Engen Karin , Vanga Sudarsana Reddy , Lundbäck Thomas , Agalo Faith , Konda Vivek , Jensen Annika Jenmalm , Åqvist Johan , Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán Hugo , Hallberg Mathias , Larhed Mats , Rosenström Ulrika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInsulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is a new potential macromolecular target for drugs aimed for treatment of cognitive disorders. Inhibition of IRAP by angiotensin IV (Ang IV) improves the memory and learning in rats. The majority of the known IRAP inhibitors are peptidic in character and suffer from poor pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we present a series of small non‐peptide IRAP inhibitors derived from a spiro‐oxindole dihydroquinazolinone screening hit (pIC50 5.8). The compounds were synthesized either by a simple microwave (MW)‐promoted three‐component reaction, or by a two‐step one‐pot procedure. For decoration of the oxindole ring system, rapid MW‐assisted Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings (1 min) were performed. A small improvement of potency (pIC50 6.6 for the most potent compound) and an increased solubility could be achieved. As deduced from computational modelling and MD simulations it is proposed that the S‐configuration of the spiro‐oxindole dihydroquinazolinones accounts for the inhibition of IRAP.
Strain hardening behaviors and mechanisms of polyurethane under various strain rate loading
Authors: Miao Yinggang , He He , Li Zhihui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe uniaxial tension experiments are performed on thermoplastic polyurethane to investigate its mechanical behaviors and related potential mechanisms, and the loading strain rate is designing to be wide ranging from 0.0001 to 1 s−1. It is found that the polyurethane presents an obvious rate‐dependence, and the stress strain curves share distinct strain hardening characteristics under the investigated strain rates. Furthermore, the strain hardening ratios are sharing nearly same trends and appear to be influenced by both strain rate and the induced adiabatic heating. Besides, the ratio is also strain‐dependent on previous loading history. Then, a two‐dimension unit cell model is built to investigate potential equivalent mechanisms, of which the hard phase as inclusion is equivalent with crystallization zone, crosslinking sites, and so forth. The simulation results facilitate to explain the distinct strain hardening ratios, even for the matrix from the extrapolated curves under super‐low strain rate loading. Finally, the analogic mechanisms of equivalent hard inclusions are proposed, which can reasonably explain the strain rate‐ and strain‐dependence characteristics of polyurethane mechanical behaviors.
Thin films of nanocrystalline graphene/graphite: An overview of synthesis and applications
Authors: Simionescu Octavian‐Gabriel , Popa Radu C. , Avram Andrei , Dinescu Gheorghe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanocrystalline graphite/graphene (NCG) has been studied well before graphene was successfully produced in 2004. Despite the fact that NCG thin films cannot reach the high performance of large‐area graphene in some of its properties, they are able to provide significant benefits for various applications, besides being easier to produce and integrate into devices with current processing technologies. We present here, a comprehensive account of the large variety of synthesis methods, as well as of the already large range of potential applications for NCG thin films.
Amikacin nomogram for treatment of adult cystic fibrosis exacerbations based on an external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Thirion Daniel J. G. , Pasche Valérian , Matouk Elias , Marsot Amélie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), amikacin is the alternative for the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations associated with pathogens resistant to tobramycin. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models of amikacin in adult patients with CF have been previously published. However, current dosing recommendations remain disputed (Illamola et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57(10):1217‐1228). We perform here the first external evaluation of a published amikacin adult CF population PK model and propose a dosing nomogram for initial dosing.MethodsWe retrospectively collected demographic, biological, and clinical data from the medical records of adult patients who had received intravenous amikacin. To assess the predictive performance of this model we applied visual comparison of predictions to observations, calculation of bias and inaccuracy, and simulation‐based diagnostics. Monte Carlo simulations from the evaluated model were used to compare maximum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration achieved with different dosing regimens.ResultsA total of 91 concentrations from 19 adult patients with CF were collected for external evaluation. The model predicted amikacin concentrations with reasonable bias (7.2% [95% confidence interval, CI: −0.7% to 15.0%]) and inaccuracy (18.2% [95% CI: 12.0%‐24.4%]). Our simulations with this model suggest that administered amikacin doses must be adjusted to creatinine clearance and also adjusted to body weight (doses from 20 to 45 mg/kg/d). According to these simulations, we developed the Montreal amikacin nomogram to optimize amikacin dosing regimens in patients with CF.ConclusionIn conclusion, we developed the first nomogram to optimize initial amikacin dosing regimens in patients with CF based on this external evaluation of a recently published amikacin population PK model.
Cardiac autonomic modulation assessed by heart rate variability in children with asthma
Authors: Franco Ozeia S. , Júnior Abelardo O. S. , Signori Luis U. , Prietsch Silvio O. M. , Zhang Linjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess cardiac autonomic modulation, measured by short‐term frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), in children with asthma.Methods:We conducted an observational study at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The sample consisted of 119 children aged 7 to 15 years with asthma and 56 age‐matched healthy controls. Frequency domain HRV measures included low‐frequency (LF; 0.04‐0.15 Hz), high‐frequency (HF; 0.15‐0.4 Hz), and LF/HF ratio. The LF and HF components were expressed in both absolute values of power (ms2) and in normalized units (nu).Results:Compared with healthy controls, asthmatic children had significantly higher value of HF (nu) (mean ± standard deviation: 45.9 ± 14.6 vs 40.7 ± 13.6; P = .02), and lower values of LF (nu) (54.1 ± 14.6 vs 59.3 ± 13.6; P = .02) and LF/HF ratio (median, interquartile range: 1.12, 0.82‐1.88 vs 1.59, 1.02‐2.08; P = .03). We did not find significant differences between children with persistent and intermittent asthma, and between children with well‐controlled and partially‐controlled or uncontrolled asthma, in terms of HRV measures.Conclusions:Children with stable chronic asthma may have a cardiac autonomic imbalance with a possible enhanced parasympathetic modulation, as assessed by short‐term frequency domain analysis of HRV. Neither asthma severity nor asthma control was significantly associated with HRV measures, but the study did not have enough power to draw a firm conclusion on this point.
Pneumonia in Parkinson's disease: barium aspiration in videofluoroscopic swallowing study
Authors: Chang Kwang‐Hwa , Tzeng Yu‐Tien , Wey Jing‐Hwa , Liu Yuan‐Jun , Lin Yen‐Nung , Chung Wen‐Kuei 
Published: March 2020

Key messageBarium aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree is a remarkable warning sign of dysphagia‐related aspiration pneumonia. Clinical swallowing assessment is warranted for patients with aspiration pneumonia and videofluoroscopic swallowing study is a good add‐on tool for dysphagia treatment plan. In patients with Parkinson's disease, dysphagia is often overlooked due to atypical presentations.
Nonidentifier‐based adaptive control for nonlinearly parameterized systems with measurement uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Xu , Lin Wei 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFor a family of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainty in both state and output equations, we prove that global adaptive regulation is still achievable by output feedback. The bounds of the time‐varying parameter at the system output are unknown, and the class of nonlinear systems is assumed to be dominated by a triangular system that satisfies a linear growth condition with a polynomial output‐dependent rate. The result presented in this article has incorporated and generalized recent advances on robust output feedback control of nonlinear systems with output uncertainty, all of them are required to satisfy a linear growth condition with a constant rate. A nonidentifier‐based universal controller is proposed with a high gain estimator, rather than observer, whose gain is updated in a dynamic fashion. It is shown that a single dynamic gain is sufficient for dealing with the unknown parameter at the system output and the system parametric uncertainty simultaneously.
Voltammetrically Measuring pH of Strong Basic Solution on Au Electrode Modified with Ag3PO4 Shell@Ag Core Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xinni , Guo Zhihui , Zheng Xingwang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecise determination of pH values of strong basic solution is appealing and challenging. Herein, a voltammetric method for measuring pH of strong basic solution was developed using Ag3PO4 shell@Ag core nanoparticles as a pH indicator. Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were electrodeposited on Au electrode surface and then were electrochemically oxidized to form Ag+. A layer of Ag3PO4 was in‐situ formed on the surface of AgNPs by precipitation with PO43− in solution. As an electroactive species, Ag3PO4 can undertake an electrochemical redox reaction and its reduction peak potential is linear with pH values of solution in the range of 10–14. The slope of the linear equation is about −0.0196, which is consistent with that calculated by the Nernst equation. The resultant AgNPs/Ag3PO4 modified electrode has been successfully applied in the determination of pH of strong basic solution. The proposed voltammetic method for measuring pH value overcomes the shortcoming of pH glass electrode under strong basic environments.
Radiosynthesis of a Novel 11C‐Labeled Derivative of 4’‐O‐Methylhonokiol and Its Preliminary Evaluation in an LPS Rat Model of Neuroinflammation
Authors: Kiseleva Mariia M , Vaulina Daria D , Sivak Konstantin V , Alexandrov Andrey G , Kuzmich Nikolay N , Viktorov Nikolai B , Kuznetsova Olga F , Gomzina Natalia A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCyclooxygenase type 2 (COX‐2) is an attractive biomarker for the visualization of neuroinflammation processes by positron emission tomography (PET). Neolignan 4’‐O‐methylhonokiol (MH) is known to have high anti‐inflammatory activity and inhibits the expression of COX‐2. We synthesized 4′‐[11C]methoxy‐5‐propyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2‐ol ([11C]MPbP), a compound based on the MH structure and labeled with carbon‐11 (T1/2=20.4 min) and studied its distribution in rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It was shown that the new ligand has significant inhibitory activity against COX‐2 (IC50=0.14 μM) and sufficient lipophilicity (logD7.4=2.46±0.12) for penetration the blood brain barrier (BBB). [11C]MPbP was obtained by 11C‐methylation using [11C]CH3I with decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 20% based on [11C]CH3I with molar activity 10–15 GBq/μmol, high radiochemical purity (> 99%) and low level of chemical impurities (<1 μg/ml). The radioligand did not undergo any noticeable decomposition in human plasma for 40 min. The results of ex vivo biodistribution in rats demonstrated that [11C]MPbP crossed the BBB and the observed radioactivity uptake in brain of rats with LPS‐induced neuroinflammation was 4 times higher than in intact animals. Further studies of compounds with the MH scaffold are planned for their possible application in PET, including in vivo assessment in animal neuroinflammation models.
Ermüdung geschweißter K‐Knoten aus Rundhohlprofilen – normengerechte Nachweise und Schweißnahtqualität
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Bove Simon , Dürr André , Roth Jakob , Steinhausen Ralf , Pientschke Christoph , Kiel Mario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIm Stahl‐ und Verbundbrückenbau, aber auch in der Anlagentechnik, bei Kranen oder im Offshore‐Bereich unterliegen Fachwerke aus Rundhohlprofilen mit geschweißten K‐Knoten und dickwandigen Gurten hoher Ermüdungsbeanspruchung. Für die Ermüdungsnachweise dieser Knoten fehlen bisher jedoch normative Regelungen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des FOSTA‐Forschungsvorhabens P1163, das sich deshalb mit diesem Thema beschäftigt hat. Zwei wichtige Aspekte der jüngst abgeschlossenen Untersuchungen waren die Aufbereitung und Erweiterung normengerechter Nachweise auch für einen größeren Anwendungsbereich von Hohlprofilen mit d > 500 mm und die Entwicklung von praxisnahen Empfehlungen zur Ausführung und Qualitätssicherung der Schweißnahtgeometrie. Hierzu wurden Ermüdungsversuche an großformatigen Hohlprofilknoten (∅ 660 mm × 60 mm Gurte) und an K‐Knoten mit planmäßig eingebrachten Schweißnahtunregelmäßigkeiten sowie unterschiedlichen Nahtformen durchgeführt. Begleitet wurden diese Untersuchungen durch gezielte Ultraschallprüfungen mit Phased‐Array, die auch zur Entwicklung einer Prüfmethodik für die komplexe Schweißnahtgeometrie herangezogen wurden. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen wurde schließlich ein Vorschlag für eine DASt‐Richtlinie erarbeitet, um die Ausführung von Fachwerken aus Rundhohlprofilen mit dickwandigen Gurten in der Praxis zu fördern und einen Beitrag für die bauaufsichtliche Akzeptanz dieser Bauweise zu leisten.
A functional equation related to generalized entropies and the modular group
Authors: Bennequin Daniel , Vigneaux Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe solve a functional equation connected to the algebraic characterization of generalized information functions. To prove the symmetry of the solution, we study a related system of functional equations, which involves two homographies. These transformations generate the modular group, and this fact plays a crucial role in solving the system. The method suggests a more general relation between conditional probabilities and arithmetic.
Ensemble standardization constraints on the influence of the tree growth trends in dendroclimatology
Authors: Shi Feng , Yang Bao , Linderholm Hans W. , Seftigen Kristina , Yang Fengmei , Yin Qiuzhen , Shao Xuemei , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTree growth trends can affect the interpretation of the response of tree-ring proxies (especially tree-ring width) to climate in the low-frequency band, which in turn may limit quantitative understanding of centennial-scale climate variability. As such, it is difficult to determine if long-term trends in tree-ring measurements are caused by age-dependent growth effects or climate. Here, a trend similarity ranking method is proposed to define the range of tree growth effects on tree-ring width chronologies. This method quantifies the inner and outer boundaries of the tree growth effect following two extreme standardization methods: curve fitting standardization and regional curve standardization. The trend similarity ranking method classifies and detrends tree-ring measurements according to the ranking similarity between the regional growth curve and their long-term trends through curve fitting. This standardization process mainly affects the secular trend in tree-ring chronologies, and has no effect on their inter-annual to multi-decadal variations. Applications of this technique to the Yamal and Torneträsk tree-ring width datasets and the maximum latewood density dataset from northern Scandinavia reveals that multi-centennial and millennial-scale temperature variations in the three regions provide substantial positive contributions to the linear warming trends in the instrumental period, and that the summer warming rate during the 20th century is not unprecedented over the past two millennia in any of the three regions.
Measuring and visualizing cyber threat intelligence quality
Authors: Schlette Daniel , Böhm Fabian , Caselli Marco , Pernul Günther 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe very raison d’être of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is to provide meaningful knowledge about cyber security threats. The exchange and collaborative generation of CTI by the means of sharing platforms has proven to be an important aspect of practical application. It is evident to infer that inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated threat intelligence is a major problem as only high-quality CTI can be helpful to detect and defend against cyber attacks. Additionally, while the amount of available CTI is increasing it is not warranted that quality remains unaffected. In conjunction with the increasing number of available CTI, it is thus in the best interest of every stakeholder to be aware of the quality of a CTI artifact. This allows for informed decisions and permits detailed analyses. Our work makes a twofold contribution to the challenge of assessing threat intelligence quality. We first propose a series of relevant quality dimensions and configure metrics to assess the respective dimensions in the context of CTI. In a second step, we showcase the extension of an existing CTI analysis tool to make the quality assessment transparent to security analysts. Furthermore, analysts’ subjective perceptions are, where necessary, included in the quality assessment concept.
Socio-technical energy scenarios: state-of-the-art and CIB-based approaches
Authors: Weimer-Jehle Wolfgang , Vögele Stefan , Hauser Wolfgang , Kosow Hannah , Poganietz Witold-Roger , Prehofer Sigrid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnergy conversion is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy transition scenarios are a key tool for gaining a greater understanding of the possible pathways toward climate protection. There is consensus in energy research that political and societal framework conditions will play a pivotal role in shaping energy transitions. In energy scenario construction, this perspective is increasingly acknowledged through the approach of informing model-based energy analysis with storylines about societal futures, an exercise we call “socio-technical energy scenario construction” in this article. However, there is a dispute about how to construct the storylines in a traceable, consistent, comprehensive, and reproducible way. This study aims to support energy researchers considering the use of the concept of socio-technical scenarios in two ways: first, we provide a state-of-the-art analysis of socio-technical energy scenario construction by comparing 16 studies with respect to five categories. Second, we address the dispute regarding storyline construction in energy research and examine 13 reports using the Cross-Impact Balances method. We collated researcher statements on the strengths and challenges of this method and identified seven categories of promises and challenges each.
Compilation as “heutige Bildung”: Philological and Philosophical Perspectives on Compilation in Friedrich Schlegel’s Lessings Gedanken und Meinungen
Authors: Valeur Peter Svare 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article considers the role of compilation in the work of Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829), with particular emphasis on his anthologyLessings Gedanken und Meinungen(1803–1804). While compilation was often derided in an era increasingly dominated by the quest for originality, Schlegel gives it a new dignity and holds it as essential to his belief in textual “Potenzierung”. The article highlights the philological and philosophical implications of Schlegel’s concept of compilation, as well as its significance for what Schlegel terms “Kritik”.
Impact of the used solvent on the reconstitution efficiency of evaporated biosamples for untargeted metabolomics studies
Authors: Manier Sascha K. , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Untargeted metabolomics intends to objectively analyze a wide variety of compounds. Their diverse physicochemical properties make it difficult to choose an appropriate reconstitution solvent after sample evaporation without influencing the chromatography or hamper column sorbent integrity.

Objectives
The study aimed to identify the most appropriate reconstitution solvent for blood plasma samples in terms of feature recovery, four endogenous compounds, and one selected internal standard.

Methods
We investigated several reconstitution solvent mixtures containing acetonitrile and methanol to resolve human plasma extract and evaluated them concerning the peak areas of tryptophan-d5, glucose, creatinine, palmitic acid, and the phophatidylcholine PC(P-16:0/P-16:0), as well as the total feature count

Results
Results indicated that acetonitrile containing 30% methanol was best suited to match all tested criteria at least for human blood plasma samples.

Conclusion
Despite identifying the mixture of acetonitrile and methanol being suitable as solvent for human blood plasma extracts, we recommend to systematically test for an appropriate reconstitution solvent for each analyzed biomatrix.