bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Elder Abuse by Chinese Nursing Undergraduates: Evaluation by the Caregiving Scenario Questionnaire
Authors: Wang Zhuzhu , Zhuang Jiayuan , Zhang Qiaoxian , Lai Xiaolan , Liu Qixi , Xie Baoyuan , Tang Qinmei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the recognition of elder abuse (EA) among nursing undergraduates in China and determine whether recognition is related to sociodemographic factors and education. We conducted a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling, using the Caregiving Scenario Questionnaire of Chinese version (CSQ-CV). Questionnaires were disseminated to 343 nursing undergraduates ranged from 1st to 4th year at Fujian Medical University, China. The content validity of CSQ-CV is 0.97. 340 students (99.1%) effectively responded. 223(65.6%) of them identified trapping someone in an armchair; 108(31.8%) locking someone alone; and 3(0.9%) accepting someone was not clean as abusive. The majority correctly identified four out of five non-abusive (NA) items, while 210(61.8%) incorrectly identified camouflaging the door to prevent wondering outdoors. With respect to potential-abusive (PA) items, less than half of the students made right judgements. Only 30(8.8%) correctly identified not taking her to family gatherings; 46(13.5%) telling her only having breakfast after bathing; and 50(14.7%) hiding tablets in someone’s cereal or tea. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated no significance related to correct recognition of the three abusive items with sociodemographic factors and education. The students who were female, caring older adults at home or had detected EA cases were more likely to correctly recognize NA items (Z=-2.428,P=0.015;Z=-2.028,P=0.043;Z=-2.534,P=0.011). Besides, female students got higher scores of CSQ-CV (Z=-2.000, P=0.045). Nursing undergraduates’ recognition of EA, especially in neglect and PA are still at a low level in China. Education about EA in nursing undergraduates’ curriculum and training program should be encouraged.
Lifelong Bilingualism and Literacy Skills Use Among Hispanic Adults
Authors: Millar Roberto , Sahoo Shalini , Yamashita Taka , Cummins Phyllis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Literacy skills use in everyday life is associated with social (e.g., civic participation) and economic (e.g., higher wages) benefits throughout the life course. Yet, the use of literacy skills may be lower among immigrants and those with limited language proficiency. No prior research examined associations between bilingualism in early life — a critical period for language acquisition — English literacy skills, and the use of literacy skills in later life of Hispanic adults. The objective of this study is to determine whether lifelong bilingualism (i.e., learning a second language in childhood and still understanding today) is associated with Hispanics’ everyday use of literacy skills later in life. Nationally representative data (n = 412) of Hispanics 35 years and older were obtained from the 2012/2014 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). A series of logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between lifelong bilingualism and several measures of literacy skills use in everyday life. Results showed that lifelong bilingualism (vs. being monolingual) was negatively associated with the daily use of letters, notes, and e-mails (Odds Ratio = 0.426, p&lt; 0.05), reading financial statements (Odds Ratio = 0.474, p&lt; 0.05), and reading diagrams (Odds Ratio = 0.391, p&lt; 0.05). Additionally, literacy was a consistent predictor of skill use. While bilingualism is generally beneficial for aging adults, our findings suggest that, among Hispanics, lifelong bilingualism is associated with the less frequent use of literacy skills later in life. We discuss the possible theoretical and practice implications of these findings.
Do Older People Expect Reciprocity When Providing Care? Evidence From a National Cohort
Authors: Shi Cheng , Zhu Yajing , Wong Gloria Hoi Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The debate on whether caregiving is selfless or self-serving is unresolved. From the perspective of caregiving as a moral responsibility, the motivation to provide care is altruistic. The exchange or reciprocity perspective suggests that care is provided with an expectation to be cared for in the future. The context of filial obligation and rapid socio-economic transformation in recent decades in urban and rural China provided a unique opportunity to investigate these two driving forces. Methods: We tested the effects of caregiving experience in older persons on their care expectation from their children using data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (n=8,308). Using a multiple-indicator multiple-cause model, a special form of structural equation modelling, we examined the effect of caring for one’s older parents, helping adult children with housework, and caring for grandchildren on older persons’ care expectation from their children. Results: Older persons in urban areas had higher expectation for future care from their children if they have helped them with housework or took care of their grandchildren, whereas their experience of taking care of their own parents is related to a lower care expectation from their children. Although a similar pattern was observed in rural areas, only the experience of helping adult children with housework significantly increased care expectation. Discussion: Both altruistic and exchange motivations are involved in caregiving. Caring for older parents was more likely altruistic. Caring for an adult child in both urban and rural areas, and grandparenting in urban areas, were motivated by reciprocity.
Pathways to Mental Health–Related Treatment Among Caregiving Spouses
Authors: Choi Hyojin , Litzelman Kristin , Maher Molly , Harnish Autumn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spouses of cancer survivors are 33% less likely to receive guideline-concordant depression treatment than other married adults. However, depression is only one of many manifestations of psychological distress for caregivers. This exploratory study sought to assess the paths by which caregivers access mental health-related treatment. Using nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, we assessed the proportion of caregivers who received a mental health-related prescription or psychotherapy visit across care settings (office based versus outpatient hospital, emergency room, or inpatient visit), provider type (psychiatric, primary care, other specialty, or other), and visit purpose (regular checkup, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up, psychotherapy, other). In addition, we assessed the health condition(s) associated with the treatment. The findings indicate that a plurality of caregivers accessed mental health-related treatment through an office-based visit (90%) with a primary care provider (47%). A minority accessed this care through a psychologist or psychiatrist (11%) or a physician with another specialty (12%) or other provider types. Nearly a third accessed treatment as part of a regular check-up (32%). These patterns did not differ from the general population after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Interestingly, mental health-related treatments were associated with a mental health diagnosis in only a minority of caregivers. The findings confirm the importance of regular primary care as a door way to mental healthcare, and highlight the range of potential paths to care. Future research will examine the correlates of accessing care across path types.
Factors That Promote Vulnerability Versus Resilience Among Older Disaster Survivors
Authors: Phillips Judith Robertson , Pruchno Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Catastrophic environmental events, such as floods and hurricanes, are associated with widespread destruction and loss of life. Older adults, who often have health challenges and medical co-morbidities, appear to be at greater risk for adverse post-disaster outcomes, such as depression, worry, and medical uncertainty, than younger adults impacted by the same disaster. Researchers, therefore, are interested in identifying factors that tend to bring about vulnerability and adverse outcomes for older adults during and after a disaster, as well as factors that may generate resilience and psychological well-being for older adults. The purpose of this symposium is to present research based on multiple disaster experiences and to examine factors associated with vulnerability and resilience. The first two speakers introduce empirical findings from research that addresses flooding, the 2016 Baton Rouge flooding and the frequent flooding of coastal Louisiana brought about by coastal erosion. The next two presenters explore successful VA and Non-VA Home-Based programs during and after the 2017 Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. The final speaker highlights the impact of lifetime trauma on the recovery of older adults following a natural disaster. Collectively, these presenters will provide evidence of how lifetime adversity is a factor promoting vulnerability for older adults after a disaster. Critically, they will also examine how age, disaster preparedness, intense patient tracking, VA support networks, and community resources and programs are protective factors generating resilience post-disaster for older adult populations.
From Defeat to Empowerment: User Experiences From a Health Promotion Intervention for People With Dementia
Authors: Kajander Martine , Gjestsen Martha Therese , Testad Ingelin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Empowering people with early-stage dementia through the provision of information and support has gained an increasing focus as the number of people with dementia increases worldwide. Health Promotion is a mean to empower the person affected to take an active role in the situation, and taking steps themselves to adjust and cope with the condition. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people with early-stage dementia provided with support and information through a 12-week Health Promotion course. Data comprises separate individual semi-structured interviews with 32 people with dementia after attending the course. For each participant, a carer was also interviewed. Interviews were analysed using systematic text condensation. Four categories emerged from the analysis. These were: (I) bridging the post- diagnostic information gap, (II) promoting healthy behaviours, (III) meeting others with early-stage dementia, and (IV) coming to terms with the diagnosis. The results demonstrated that the intervention was well received by participants; learning about dementia, meeting others in the same situation and focussing on maintaining a healthy lifestyle empowered and motivated participants. The participants’ carers found the course booklet especially useful and it improved family communication. In conclusion, a 12-week Health Promotion course has the potential to empower people with dementia to cope with their condition through the provision of information, peer-support, which in turn can improve family communication and ease the process of accepting the diagnosis.
Older Adults’ Subjective Well-being Following an Exergame Intervention “Bandit the Dolphin”: Focus Group Findings
Authors: Drazich Brittany , Crane Breanna , Moored Kyle , Shieh Karl , Taylor Janiece , Carlson Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to generational mental illness stigma and under diagnosis of mental illness, older adults do not always receive the mental health help that they need. One unique technology that has the potential to improve mood in older adults is exergames, or exercise video games. The objective of this sub-study (main study: Stimulation With Intricate Movements “SWIM” Study) was to explore older adults’ mood following an exergame intervention called “Bandit the Dolphin,” created by the Johns Hopkins KATA Studio. Researchers conducted three focus groups with 14 community-dwelling older adult participants who took part in the SWIM Study exergame intervention. The semi-structured focus groups were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using deductive and inductive techniques described by Ray Maietta’s “sort and sift, think and shift” method. Three themes related to playing “Bandit the Dolphin” and mood emerged. First, participants described their perceived association between activity and mood. Participants felt that both active and passive activities, “Bandit the Dolphin” and otherwise, improved their mood through the “fun” factor, and through feelings of achievement. Second, the participants described that the competition and frustration of playing “Bandit the Dolphin” increased eventual feelings of achievement. Third, participants described how feelings of immersion, or being absorbed in the game, helped them forget their other life concerns. These findings provide a better understanding of older adults’ perceived relationship between an exergame intervention, “Bandit the Dolphin,” and short-term improved mood. Future health and engineering researchers should explore exergames as a potential tool to improve the mental health of older adults.
The Impact of the Risk for Sarcopenia on Frailty Among Older Adults With Physical Functional Dependency
Authors: Ning Hongting , Zhao Yinan , Chen Huijing , Liao Lulu , Hu Hengyu , Feng Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: 1) to assess the prevalence of the risk for sarcopenia, as well as frailty among older adults with physical functional dependency in a nationally representative sample; and 2) to identify the impact of the risk for sarcopenia on frailty in this vulnerable population in China. Methods: A total of 2,323 participants (age ≥ 60 years old) with physical functional dependency in five provinces in China were enrolled using a multistage cluster sampling scheme. Physical function was measured by the Barthel Index (BI), the risk for sarcopenia was defined as “calf circumference (&lt; 34 cm in men, &lt; 33 cm in women)” according to the 2019 consensus proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and frailty was assessed by the FRAIL scale. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to assess the impact of the risk for sarcopenia on frailty. Results: The prevalence of the risk for sarcopenia and frailty were 41.0% and 30.9%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis shows that the risk for sarcopenia was signiﬁcantly associated with frailty (odds ratio 1.51, 95% conﬁdence interval 1.19-1.90, p = 0.001) after adjustment for demographic and psychosocial factors, as well as health-related factors. Conclusion: This study shows that the risk of sarcopenia and frailty are prevalent, and the presence of the risk of sarcopenia increased the risk of frailty in older Chinese adults with physical functional dependency. Key Words: the risk for sarcopenia; frailty; older adults; physical functional dependency.
Direct Care Workforce: Where the Boys Really Are
Authors: Kelly Christopher , Deichert Jerome , Holley Lyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: This study describes the continued growth of male direct care workers (DCWs) and identifies the occupations with the greatest concentrations of male DCWs by utilizing the expanded information available in the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS). Design and Methods: Data were taken from the 1% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 2018 ACS. Beginning in 2018, the ACS separated the single occupation category nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides into three categories: home health aides, nursing assistants, and orderlies and psychiatric aides. Results: Between 2000 and 2018, the total number of male DCWs in the U.S. increased 118% to 474,925, with more than half (52.6%) in 2018 employed as nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides. Among these 250,139 aides, 62% (154,557) were employed as nursing assistants, 23% (57,126) worked as home health aides, and 15% (38,456) were employed as orderlies and psychiatric aides. However, 60% of all orderlies and psychiatric aides were male; this was the only occupation in the direct care workforce in which men were in the majority. Implications: The majority of male DCWs work as nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides and the new occupation classifications in the ACS reveal that while most work as nursing assistants and home health aides, the one occupation with a majority male workforce was orderlies and psychiatric aides. These findings suggest that the greatest need for male DCWs may be as orderlies and psychiatric aides, occupations in which size and physical strength are important factors.
The Influence of Multiple Frailties on Institutionalization and Mortality in Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Lee Yunhwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Frailty is a hallmark of accelerated aging, predisposing the older person to increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Physical frailty is closely linked to other health dimensions, such as cognitive, psychological, and social functions. This study aims to examine the influence of multiple dimensions of frailty in predicting institutionalization and mortality. A nationally representative sample of Koreans 65 years or older from the Living Profiles of Older People Survey in 2008 was followed up for three years (n = 11,265). Physical frailty was defined as being prefrail or frail using the Fried phenotype model. Those with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and social vulnerabilities, in addition to physical frailty, were considered to have cognitive frailty, psychological frailty, and social frailty, respectively. The proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk of institutionalization and mortality by the total number and different combinations of frailties, adjusting for covariates. More than half (50.1%) of the participants exhibited multiple frailties, with 8.1% concurrently displaying frailty in all four domains (mixed frailty). The risk of adverse outcomes was elevated with a higher number of frailties, with hazard ratios of 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52, 4.42) for institutionalization and 3.40 (95% CI: 2.50, 4.63) for mortality among those presenting mixed frailty. Whereas psychological frailty demonstrated a stronger predictive ability of mortality than institutionalization, the reverse was observed for social frailty. Multiple frailties are prevalent in late life. Acquiring more frailties raises the risk of adverse outcomes, with varying effects according to multidimensional frailty profiles.
Historical analysis of the diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement prior to the year 2000: a systematic review
Authors: Tejpal Tushar , Shanmugaraj Ajaykumar , Kay Jeffery , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract This systematic review aims to assess the diagnosis, indications and treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) prior to the year 2000 and to determine if historical concepts remain applicable today. PUBMED, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for literature evaluating the diagnosis/treatment of FAI prior to 2000. Cadaver/non-human, non-English and review studies were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Nine studies comprising 307 patients [315 hips; mean age of 32.6 ± 2.4 years (range, 12–58)] were included. Patients reported groin pain. Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA; n = 76) and the anterior impingement test (AIT) (n = 88) were used to diagnose impingement. Surgical dislocation with a trochanteric flip osteotomy (n = 237) and Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (n = 40) were common treatments. Pain and range of motion improved for patients. Overall complication rate was 35% (n = 99), with heterotopic ossification (n = 79) most commonly reported. Prior to 2000, there was low quantity and quality of research on the diagnosis/management of FAI. Diagnostic evaluation was primarily through clinical examination (i.e. groin pain and AIT). MRA was occasionally used to detect labral degeneration; however, utilization of computed tomography (CT) and diagnostic injections were not reported. Surgical dislocation and osteotomies of the acetabulum yielded desirable short-term clinical outcomes with a moderate complication rate. No study reported using arthroscopy for FAI management prior to 2000. Clinicians today can learn from historical principles (i.e. clinical diagnosis of FAI, management with surgical correction of femoral head–neck offset) while applying novel techniques (i.e. CT, injections, arthroscopic surgical techniques and rehabilitation) to improve patient outcomes.Level of EvidenceIV (systematic review of III and IV evidence).
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Specific Autoantibodies and Cerebral Nocardia With Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Berthoux Charlotte , Mailhe Morgane , Vély Frédéric , Gauthier Clarisse , Mège Jean-Louis , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Melenotte Cléa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report the history of a 40-year-old man with a primary cerebral abscess caused by Nocardia abscessus that led to the discovery of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis (anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] autoantibodies). Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies promote immunodeficiency and should be monitored to prevent opportunistic and disseminated infections and to diagnose asymptomatic pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis.
Rhythmicity of patient flow in an acute medical unit: relationship to hospital occupancy, 7-day working and the effect of COVID-19
Authors: Dauncey S J , Kelly P A , Baykov D , Skeldon A C , Whyte M B 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Background
The Acute Medical Unit (AMU) provides care for unscheduled hospital admissions. Seven-day consultant presence and morning AMU discharges have been advocated to improve hospital bed management.

Aims
To determine whether a later time of daily peak AMU occupancy correlates with measures of hospital stress; whether 7-day consultant presence, for COVID-19, abolished weekly periodicity of discharges.

Design
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods
: Anonymised AMU admission and discharge times were retrieved from the Profile Information Management System (PIMS), at a large, urban hospital from 14 April 2014 to 31 December 2018 and 20 March to 2 May 2020 (COVID-19 peak). Minute-by-minute admission and discharge times were combined to construct a running total of AMU bed occupancy. Fourier transforms were used to determine periodicity. We tested association between (i) average AMU occupancy and (ii) time of peak AMU occupancy, with measures of hospital stress (total medical bed occupancy and ‘medical outliers’ on non-medical wards).

Results
: Daily, weekly and seasonal patterns of AMU bed occupancy were evident. Timing of AMU peak occupancy was unrelated to each measure of hospital stress: total medical inpatients (Spearman’s rho, rs = 0.04, P = 0.24); number of medical outliers (rs = −0.06, P = 0.05). During COVID-19, daily bed occupancy was similar, with continuation of greater Friday and Monday discharges than the weekend.

Conclusions
: Timing of peak AMU occupancy did not alter with hospital stress. Efforts to increase morning AMU discharges are likely to have little effect on hospital performance. Seven-day consultant presence did not abolish weekly periodicity of discharges—other factors influence weekend discharges.