bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in murine erythropoiesis from birth to adulthood: implications for the study of murine models of anemia
Authors: Chen Lixiang , Wang Jie , Liu Jing , Wang Hua , Hillyer Christopher D. , Blanc Lionel , An Xiuli , Mohandas Narla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Liver, spleen, and bone marrow are 3 key erythropoietic tissues in mammals. In the mouse, the liver is the predominant site of erythropoiesis during fetal development, the spleen responds to stress erythropoiesis, and the bone marrow is involved in maintaining homeostatic erythropoiesis in adults. However, the dynamic changes and respective contributions of the erythropoietic activity of these tissues from birth to adulthood are incompletely defined. Using C57BL/6 mice, we systematically examined the age-dependent changes in liver, spleen, and bone marrow erythropoiesis following birth. In addition to bone marrow, the liver and spleen of newborn mice sustain an active erythropoietic activity that is gradually lost during first few weeks of life. While the erythropoietic activity of the liver is lost 1 week after birth, that of the spleen is maintained for 7 weeks until the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow is sufficient to sustain steady-state adult erythropoiesis. Measurement of the red cell parameters demonstrates that these postnatal dynamic changes are reflected by varying indices of circulating red cells. While the red cell numbers, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit progressively increase after birth and reach steady-state levels by week 7, reticulocyte counts decrease during this time period. Mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin progressively decrease and reach steady state by week 3. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into developmental changes of murine erythropoiesis postnatally and have significant implications for the appropriate interpretation of findings from the variety of murine models used in the study of normal and disordered erythropoiesis.
Prognostic value and co-expression patterns of metabolic pathways in cancers
Authors: Zhang Dan , Guo Yan , Xie Ni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Abnormal metabolic pathways have been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. While numerous metabolic pathways have been studied in various cancers, the direct link between metabolic pathway gene expression and cancer prognosis has not been established.

Results
Using two recently developed bioinformatics analysis methods, we evaluated the prognosis potential of metabolic pathway expression and tumor-vs-normal dysregulations for up to 29 metabolic pathways in 33 cancer types. Results show that increased metabolic gene expression within tumors corresponds to poor cancer prognosis. Meta differential co-expression analysis identified four metabolic pathways with significant global co-expression network disturbance between tumor and normal samples. Differential expression analysis of metabolic pathways also demonstrated strong gene expression disturbance between paired tumor and normal samples.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results strongly suggested that metabolic pathway gene expressions are disturbed after tumorigenesis. Within tumors, many metabolic pathways are upregulated for tumor cells to activate corresponding metabolisms to sustain the required energy for cell division.
Multivariate genome wide association and network analysis of subcortical imaging phenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Meng Xianglian , Li Jin , Zhang Qiushi , Chen Feng , Bian Chenyuan , Yao Xiaohui , Yan Jingwen , Xu Zhe , Risacher Shannon L. , Saykin Andrew J. , Liang Hong , Shen Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many individual genes associated with brain imaging quantitative traits (QTs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However single marker level association discovery may not be able to address the underlying biological interactions with disease mechanism.

Results
In this paper, we used the MGAS (Multivariate Gene-based Association test by extended Simes procedure) tool to perform multivariate GWAS on eight AD-relevant subcortical imaging measures. We conducted multiple iPINBPA (integrative Protein-Interaction-Network-Based Pathway Analysis) network analyses on MGAS findings using protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, and identified five Consensus Modules (CMs) from the PPI network. Functional annotation and network analysis were performed on the identified CMs. The MGAS yielded significant hits within APOE, TOMM40 and APOC1 genes, which were known AD risk factors, as well as a few new genes such as LAMA1, XYLB, HSD17B7P2, and NPEPL1. The identified five CMs were enriched by biological processes related to disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Legionellosis, Pertussis, and Serotonergic synapse.

Conclusions
The statistical power of coupling MGAS with iPINBPA was higher than traditional GWAS method, and yielded new findings that were missed by GWAS. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s Disease and will be of value to novel gene discovery and functional genomic studies.
The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany
Authors: Thyrian Jochen René , Kracht Friederike , Nikelski Angela , Boekholt Melanie , Schumacher-Schönert Fanny , Rädke Anika , Michalowsky Bernhard , Vollmar Horst Christian , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Rodriguez Francisca S. , Kreisel Stefan H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany.MethodsThis analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample ofn = 141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown.ResultsThe vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased.ConclusionsThe study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term in Germany. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.
The immune system view of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Celardo Ivana , Pace Luigia , Cifaldi Loredana , Gaudio Carlo , Barnaba Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKnowing the “point of view” of the immune system is essential to understand the characteristic of a pandemic, such as that generated by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, responsible for the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. In this review, we will discuss the general host/pathogen interactions dictating protective immune response or immunopathology, addressing the role of immunity or immunopathology in influencing the clinical infection outcome, and debate the potential immunoprophylactic and immunotherapy strategies required to fight the virus infection.
Adoption of Active Surveillance for Very Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the United States: A National Survey
Authors: Pitt Susan C , Yang Nan , Saucke Megan C , Marka Nicholas , Hanlon Bret , Long Kristin L , McDow Alexandria D , Brito J P , Roman Benjamin R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Active surveillance (AS) of thyroid cancer with serial ultrasounds is a newer management option in the United States.

Objective
This work aimed to understand factors associated with the adoption of AS.

Methods
We surveyed endocrinologists and surgeons in the American Medical Association Masterfile. To estimate adoption, respondents recommended treatment for 2 hypothetical cases appropriate for AS. Established models of guideline implementation guided questionnaire development. Outcome measures included adoption of AS (nonadopters vs adopters, who respectively did not recommend or recommended AS at least once; and partial vs full adopters, who respectively recommended AS for one or both cases).

Results
The 464 respondents (33.3% response) demographically represented specialties that treat thyroid cancer. Nonadopters (45.7%) were significantly (P &lt; .001) less likely than adopters to practice in academic settings, see more than 25 thyroid cancer patients/year, be aware of AS, use applicable guidelines (P = .04), know how to determine whether a patient is appropriate for AS, have resources to perform AS, or be motivated to use AS. Nonadopters were also significantly more likely to be anxious or have reservations about AS, be concerned about poor outcomes, or believe AS places a psychological burden on patients. Among adopters, partial and full adopters were similar except partial adopters were less likely to discuss AS with patients (P = .03) and more likely to be anxious (P = .04), have reservations (P = .03), and have concerns about the psychological burden (P = .009) of AS. Few respondents (3.2%) believed patients were aware of AS.

Conclusion
Widespread adoption of AS will require increased patient and physician awareness, interest, and evaluation of outcomes.
Control of the Anterior Pituitary Cell Lineage Regulator POU1F1 by the Stem Cell Determinant Musashi
Authors: Allensworth-James Melody , Banik Jewel , Odle Angela , Hardy Linda , Lagasse Alex , Moreira Ana Rita Silva , Bird Jordan , Thomas Christian L , Avaritt Nathan , Kharas Michael G , Lengner Christopher J , Byrum Stephanie D , MacNicol Melanie C , Childs Gwen V , MacNicol Angus M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The adipokine leptin regulates energy homeostasis through ubiquitously expressed leptin receptors. Leptin has a number of major signaling targets in the brain, including cells of the anterior pituitary (AP). We have previously reported that mice lacking leptin receptors in AP somatotropes display growth hormone (GH) deficiency, metabolic dysfunction, and adult-onset obesity. Among other targets, leptin signaling promotes increased levels of the pituitary transcription factor POU1F1, which in turn regulates the specification of somatotrope, lactotrope, and thyrotrope cell lineages within the AP. Leptin’s mechanism of action on somatotropes is sex dependent, with females demonstrating posttranscriptional control of Pou1f1 messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Here, we report that the stem cell marker and mRNA translational control protein, Musashi1, exerts repression of the Pou1f1 mRNA. In female somatotropes, Msi1 mRNA and protein levels are increased in the mouse model that lacks leptin signaling (Gh-CRE Lepr-null), coincident with lack of POU1f1 protein, despite normal levels of Pou1f1 mRNA. Single-cell RNA sequencing of pituitary cells from control female animals indicates that both Msi1 and Pou1f1 mRNAs are expressed in Gh-expressing somatotropes, and immunocytochemistry confirms that Musashi1 protein is present in the somatotrope cell population. We demonstrate that Musashi interacts directly with the Pou1f1 mRNA 3′ untranslated region and exerts translational repression of a Pou1f1 mRNA translation reporter in a leptin-sensitive manner. Musashi immunoprecipitation from whole pituitary reveals coassociated Pou1f1 mRNA. These findings suggest a mechanism in which leptin stimulation is required to reverse Musashi-mediated Pou1f1 mRNA translational control to coordinate AP somatotrope function with metabolic status.
Introduction
Authors: Siddiqi Anooradha Iyer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Drawing from histories of art and architecture, urbanism and planning, landscape, infrastructure, and media, this themed section is premised upon framing architecture beyond the terms of aesthetics or technology toward its agency as a form of knowledge. In this introduction and the articles that follow, architecture acts as an analytic with which to formulate understanding and meaning. Through modern histories and perspectives from the South Asian subcontinent, conceptualizing “South Asia” and “architecture” broadly and inclusively, the articles turn alternately to design and structure, aesthetics and affect, and the human and nonhuman in order to redefine the primary source. From the writings of a Sri Lankan architect, a capitol for a future Bangladesh, the princely state landscapes of a German-Indian planner, films of roads in Bhutan and Kashmir, gardens in Lahore, and towers in Karachi, this collection unsettles borders, writing across South Asian nations and contested territories together to name architectures operating in archival registers. Through habitations and speculations, it reimagines pasts and futures, recasting the architectural beyond instrument, as concept.
The “Little Traditions” of Black Worldmaking
Authors: Shilliam Robbie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Shilliam approaches Adom Getachew's book Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination as an intervention into political theory. The book provides three provocations to that field. Getachew helps recast the sources and materials by which political theory interrogates the prospect of global justice. Getachew's intervention is field-shaping and especially helpful to those who pursue political theory in the field of international relations (IR). In this article, Shilliam wants to orient Getachew's argument in a direction that she herself implicitly tacks toward. The question: to what degree should the conventional conceptual frameworks of political theory carry the weight of Getachew's challenge? Shilliam addresses this question by looking at a “little tradition” of worldmaking: Ethiopianism. He presents the challenge provided by Ethiopianism as an analytical one: its worldmaking requires no analytical or ethical scaling up.
On Inexactitude in Decolonization
Authors: Davari Arash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This essay extends themes in Adom Getachew's Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination (2019) by introducing Iran as a mediating element in Cold War worldmaking. It recovers the story of Pahlavi Iran's diplomatic efforts during the Sixth Special of the United Nation General Assembly, which resulted in the declaration of the New International Economic Order. Getachew's book provides a framework to interpret these diplomatic efforts with greater precision. The same framework explains the Islamic Republic's internationalist policies in the 1980s. Worldmaking after Empire is less equipped, however, to explain the popular revolution separating different modes of Iranian statecraft between the 1970s and 1980s. This observation reveals the limits of the book's methodological approach—namely, its overemphasis on elites and its overinvestment in exactitude. These limits invite a revised approach to writing histories of anticolonial worldmaking. An alternate approach focuses on statecraft (exactitude) and popular politics (inexactitude) at once, echoing the simultaneous affi rmation of nation building and worldmaking in Getachew's theory of decolonization.
Acclimation of intestinal morphology and function in djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) related to seasonal and acute energy balance
Authors: Piscitiello Emiliana , Herwig Annika , Haugg Elena , Schröder Bernd , Breves Gerhard , Steinlechner Stephan , Diedrich Victoria 
Published: December 2020

Small mammals exhibit seasonal changes in intestinal morphology and function via increased intestine size and resorptive surface and/or nutrient transport capacity to increase energy yield from food during winter. This study investigated whether seasonal or acute acclimation to anticipated or actual energetic challenges in Djungarian hamsters also resulted in higher nutrient resorption capacities due to changes in small intestine histology and physiology. The hamsters show numerous seasonal energy saving adjustments in response to short photoperiod. As spontaneous daily torpor represents one of these adjustments related to food quality and quantity, it was hypothesized that the hamsters’ variable torpor expression patterns are influenced by their individual nutrient uptake capacity. Hamsters under short photoperiod showed longer small intestines and higher mucosal electrogenic transport capacities for glucose relative to body mass. Similar observations were made in hamsters under long photoperiod and food restriction. However, this acute energetic challenge caused a stronger increase of glucose transport capacity. Apart from that, neither fasting-induced torpor in food-restricted hamsters nor spontaneous daily torpor in short photoperiod-exposed hamsters clearly correlated with mucosal glucose transport capacity.
Both seasonally anticipated and acute energetic challenges caused adjustments in the hamsters’ small intestine. Short photoperiod appeared to induce an integration of these and other acclimation processes in relation to body mass to achieve a long-term adjustment of energy balance. Food restriction seemed to result in a more flexible, short-term strategy of maximizing energy uptake possibly via mucosal glucose transport and reducing energy consumption via torpor expression as emergency response.
O metodzie badawczej zapożyczonej z psychologii, czyli jak zaprojektować i przeprowadzić badanie za pomocą metody protokołów retrospektywnych w tłumaczeniu symultanicznym
Authors: Gumul Ewa 
Published: December 2020

The Method of Retrospective Protocols in Translation and Interpreting Studies
The aim of the article is to discuss the stages of research conducted adopting the method of retrospective protocols in simultaneous interpreting research. The discussion is based on the author’s own research. The presentation begins with possible research designs usually involving triangulation with other methods. The author also discusses the problem of participants selection, instructions and training provided before the task, the choice of cuing stimuli, and finally transcription and coding conventions.
Más allá del currículum. ¿Qué papel juegan las actividades no curriculares sobre el engagement del alumnado?
Authors: Valls Casas Ona , Palou Arnau , Merino Pareja Rafael 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente artículo analiza el papel que juegan las actividades no curriculares en el engagement escolar de jóvenes con distintos perfiles sociodemográficos teniendo en cuenta el papel de los centros escolares. MÉTODO. Se ha utilizado un modelo de análisis lineal jerárquico para medir las diferencias entre centros, controlando las características individuales del alumnado a partir de los datos de una encuesta realizada a 2056 estudiantes que cursaban 4º de ESO en 27 centros de la ciudad de (anonimizado). En el análisis se examinan cuatro modelos: primero se introducen las variables sociodemográficas, posteriormente las actividades no curriculares que realizan los y las jóvenes tanto dentro como fuera del centro, a continuación, se incluyen variables de centro y, finalmente, se introduce en el nivel de centro la variable del nivel de participación en actividades no curriculares dentro del centro. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran como las actividades no curriculares actúan como mediadoras del nivel formativo familiar a la hora de explicar el engagement emocional y cognitivo -no el de conducta-, y el sexo y el origen se mantienen como influyentes. Finalmente, el nivel de participación que hay dentro de los centros aparece como significativa únicamente para el engagement de conducta, mediando el efecto de la complejidad y la comprensividad del centro. DISCUSIÓN. A partir de los resultados obtenidos es posible profundizar en el debate sobre la importancia de las actividades no curriculares para el engagement escolar de los y las jóvenes, además del papel que tienen los centros a la hora de promover la vinculación escolar de su alumnado.
Formación profesional de grado medio y abandono temprano de la educación y la formación en España: una aproximación territorial
Authors: Salvà-Mut Francesca , Ruiz-Pérez Maurici , Psifidou Irene , Oliver-Trobat Miquel F. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. España combina elevadas tasas de abandono temprano de la educación y la formación (ATEF) y baja titulación y participación en la formación profesional. En este artículo se realiza un análisis territorial de la participación y la titulación en Formación Profesional de Grado Medio (FPGM) y su relación con el ATEF. MÉTODO. La metodología utilizada se ha basado en la selección y, en su caso, en la elaboración de indicadores y en el análisis de sus relaciones. Se ha realizado un indicador de titulación y uno sobre participación en FPGM para cada una de las comunidades autónomas que conforman el Estado español. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis territorial de los mismos, así como del indicador ATEF y un análisis estadístico exploratorio de la correlación entre estos. A continuación se ha efectuado un análisis estadístico clasificatorio de las comunidades autónomas aplicando el método K-medias. RESULTADOS. Las comunidades autónomas se han clasificado de acuerdo con su posición en cada uno de los indicadores. Se ha observado una correlación positiva entre la elevada participación en FPGM y el bajo ATEF en los hombres. Se han identificado cuatro grupos de comunidades en función de los indicadores educativos, que se relacionan con diversos factores de contexto. Se advierten enormes disparidades territoriales, dándose las situaciones más ventajosas en algunos territorios situados al norte y las de mayor desventaja en los insulares y en los del sur. DISCUSIÓN. El análisis realizado abre nuevos interrogantes sobre las razones de las desigualdades territoriales y sobre las posibles estrategias para el desarrollo de la FPGM y su contribución a la disminución del ATEF, evidenciando claramente la necesidad de mejorar el sistema actual de indicadores y de incluir la participación y los resultados educativos en FPGM en el centro de las políticas contra el ATEF.