bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of the serine peptidase Kallikrein 6 does not affect the levels and the pathological accumulation of a‐synuclein in mouse brain
Authors: Samantha Sykioti Vasia , Karampetsou Mantia , Chalatsa Ioanna , Polissidis Alexia , Michael Iacovos P , Pagaki‐Skaliora Marina , Nagy Andras , Emmanouilidou Evangelia , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Vekrelli s Kostas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that the propagation of misfolded α‐synuclein (α‐syn) plays a central role in the progression and manifestation of Parkinson's disease. Pathogenic α‐syn species can be present in the extracellular space. Thus, the identification and modulation of the key enzymes implicated in extracellular α‐syn turnover becomes vital. Kallikrein peptidase 6 has been identified as one of the major α‐syn degrading enzymes and has been implicated in the clearance of extracellular α‐syn. However, the physiological role of this enzyme in regulating α‐syn, in vivo, still remains elusive. Here, by utilizing Klk6 knock‐out (Klk6−/−) mice as our experimental model, we provide insight into the physiologic relevance of endogenous KLK6 expression on α‐syn processing. Behavioral phenotyping showed that Klk6−/− mice display no gross behavioral abnormalities. Further in vivo characterization of this mouse model, in the context of α‐syn accumulation, showed that KLK6 deletion had no impact on the protein levels of intracellular or extracellular α‐syn. Upon in vivo administration of α‐syn pre‐formed fibrils (PFF), α‐syn pathologic accumulations were evident both in the brains of Klk6−/−mice and wt mice without significant differences. Intrastriatal delivery of active KLK6, did not affect secreted α‐syn levels observed in the A53T α‐syn over‐expressing mice. These findings suggest that in the in vivo setting of PFF pathology induction, KLK6 alone is not able to modulate pathology transmission. Our study raises implications for the use of recombinant α‐syn fibrils in α‐syn turnover studies.
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Real‐world assessment, relevance, and problems in use of personal protective equipment in clinical dermatology practice in a COVID referral tertiary hospital
Authors: Arora Pooja , Sardana Kabir , Sinha Surabhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoctors and healthcare workers (HCW) are at frontline in control of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19). The virus is transmitted by contact, droplet, and airborne transmission; hence, hand hygiene, social distancing, environmental disinfection, and use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) form important components to protect HCWs from cross‐infection. Appropriate use of PPE is of paramount importance not only to reduce the risk of transmission but also to maintain adequate stock for those who are dealing directly with COVID‐19 patients.AimsIn this article, we aim to provide the rationale for appropriate use of PPE in the dermatology setting in the current scenario. We have also discussed the scientific evidence for use of each component of protection and the practical problems faced in our COVID referral tertiary hospital.MethodsOur review was based on articles that have studied or analyzed the efficacy of various protective measures being utilized by health workers against spread of COVID‐19. This was done by carrying out a PUBMED search with terms “coronavirus, COVID‐19, personal protective equipment (PPE), transmission, mask, face shields, goggles, gloves.” We also scrutinized the various pragmatic issues being faced by doctors in our setup while using PPE.ResultsIn order to maximize the appropriate use of PPE, the rationale for use needs to be understood and problems encountered in daily practice need to be addressed.ConclusionAdherence to protective measures and use of PPE is of utmost importance for HCWs to prevent cross‐infection in this pandemic. The use of PPE can limit transmission to a great extent, but appropriate use and avoiding misuse is equally important in the dermatology setting in order to avoid depletion of stock. It is also essential to consider various practical issues with use of PPE and device measures to avoid them so that breach in protocols can be prevented and spread of infection minimized.
Angelman syndrome and melatonin: What can they teach us about sleep regulation
Authors: Buonfiglio Daniella , Hummer Daniel L. , Armstrong Ariel , Christopher Ehlen John , DeBruyne Jason P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 1965, Dr Harry Angelman reported a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting three unrelated children who had similar symptoms: brachycephaly, mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, protruding tongues, and remarkable paroxysms of laughter. Over the past 50 years, the disorder became Angelman's namesake and symptomology was expanded to include hyper‐activity, stereotypies, and severe sleep disturbances. The sleep disorders in many Angelman syndrome (AS) patients are broadly characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep at night. Some of these patients sleep less than 4 hours a night and, in most cases, do not make up this lost sleep during the day—leading to the speculation that AS patients may “need” less sleep. Most AS patients also have severely reduced levels of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland exclusively at night. This nightly pattern of melatonin production is thought to help synchronize internal circadian rhythms and promote nighttime sleep in humans and other diurnal species. It has been proposed that reduced melatonin levels contribute to the sleep problems in AS patients. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests melatonin replacement therapy can improve sleep in many AS patients. However, AS mice show sleep problems that are arguably similar to those in humans despite being on genetic backgrounds that do not make melatonin. This suggests the hypothesis that the change in nighttime melatonin may be a secondary factor rather than the root cause of the sleeping disorder. The goals of this review article are to revisit the sleep and melatonin findings in both AS patients and animal models of AS and discuss what AS may tell us about the underlying mechanisms of, and interplay between, melatonin and sleep.
A test of island biogeographic theory applied to estimates of gene flow in a Fijian bird is largely consistent with neutral expectations
Authors: Gyllenhaal Ethan F. , Mapel Xena M. , Naikatini Alivereti , Moyle Robert G. , Andersen Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIslands were key to the development of allopatric speciation theory because they are a natural laboratory of repeated barriers to gene flow caused by open water gaps. Despite their proclivity for promoting divergence, little empirical work has quantified the extent of gene flow among island populations. Following classic island biogeographic theory, two metrics of interest are relative island size and distance. Fiji presents an ideal system for studying these dynamics, with four main islands that form two large‐small pairs. We sequenced thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) of the Fiji bush‐warblerHorornis ruficapilla, a passerine distributed on these four Fijian islands, and performed a demographic analysis to test hypotheses of the effects of island size and distance on rates of gene flow. Our demographic analysis inferred low levels of gene flow from each large island to its small counterpart and little or none in the opposite direction. The difference in the distance between these two island pairs manifested itself in lower levels of gene flow between more distant islands. Both findings are generally concordant with classic island biogeography. The amount of reduction in gene flow based on distance was consistent with predictions from island biogeographic equations, while the reduction from small to large islands was possibly greater than expected. These findings offer a hypothesis and framework to guide future study of interisland gene flow in archipelagos as the study of island biogeography progresses into the genomic era.
New oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with stable coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cen Zhifu , Meng Qiuyu , Cui Kaijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are effective and safe in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Limited evidence is available regarding outcomes for NVAF patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsA systematic search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Register was performed. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration risk‐of‐bias assessment tool. We evaluated all primary publications and secondary analyses comparing NOACs with any other OAC agent for preventing stroke in patients with both NVAF and stable CAD from phase III clinical randomized control trials. The primary outcomes were stroke, systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and the secondary outcomes were cardiovascular (CV) death, all‐cause death, and myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsFour articles with a total of 19 266 patients were included in this study. The pooled results showed a relative risk for stroke/SE with NOACs of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71‐0.97), for major bleeding 0.85 (95% CI: 0.63‐1.14), for ICH 0.36 (95% CI: 0.19‐0.54), for MI 1.00 (95% CI: 0.82‐1.20), for CV death 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83‐1.06), and for all‐cause death 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85‐1.07).ConclusionNOACs were effective in preventing stroke/SE and reducing the risk of ICH in patients with both NVAF and CAD.
In vivo light‐sheet microscopy resolves localisation patterns of FSD1, a superoxide dismutase with function in root development and osmoprotection
Authors: Dvořák Petr , Krasylenko Yuliya , Ovečka Miroslav , Basheer Jasim , Zapletalová Veronika , Šamaj Jozef , Takáč Tomáš 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes detoxifying superoxide to hydrogen peroxide while temporal developmental expression and subcellular localisation are linked to their functions. Therefore, we aimed here to reveal in vivo developmental expression, subcellular, tissue‐ and organ‐specific localisation of iron superoxide dismutase 1 (FSD1) in Arabidopsis using light‐sheet and Airyscan confocal microscopy. FSD1‐GFP temporarily accumulated at the site of endosperm rupture during seed germination. In emerged roots, it showed the highest abundance in cells of the lateral root cap, columella, and endodermis/cortex initials. The largest subcellular pool of FSD1‐GFP was localised in the plastid stroma, while it was also located in the nuclei and cytosol. The majority of the nuclear FSD1‐GFP is immobile as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We found that fsd1 knockout mutants exhibit reduced lateral root number and this phenotype was reverted by genetic complementation. Mutant analysis also revealed a requirement for FSD1 in seed germination during salt stress. Salt stress tolerance was coupled with the accumulation of FSD1‐GFP in Hechtian strands and superoxide removal. It is likely that the plastidic pool is required for acquiring oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. This study suggests new developmental and osmoprotective functions of SODs in plants.
What Determines Where Public Investment Goes? Regional Governance and the Role of Institutional Rules and Power
Authors: An Brian Y. , Bostic Raphael W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs an embodiment of the collaborative governance model, metropolitan planning organizations in the United States allocate federal, state, and local funds to member municipalities for transportation projects across their regions. To examine how institutional rules and power shape where public investment goes, the authors consider the extent to which the allocation of local voting power in regional governing policy boards influences the spatial allocation of transportation investments. The analysis shows that the power structure of regional policy boards is consistently a major factor associated with the observed geographic distribution of investments. Moreover, the results suggest that the degree of power concentration of the dominant city in the region influences whether the remaining cities’ power matters. These results suggest that institutional governance rules may be more important than previously recognized.
Meta‐analysis of the use of seaweeds and their extracts as immunostimulants for fish: a systematic review
Authors: Thépot Valentin , Campbell Alexandra H. , Rimmer Michael A , Paul Nicholas A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisease is an enduring threat to aquaculture, with direct costs from outbreaks of more than US$6 billion a year. Efforts to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture have resulted in a recent shift towards the use of immunostimulants that boost fish immune systems. Seaweeds are a potential source of unique immunostimulants because of their diverse taxonomy (11,353 species) and diverse bioactives, but there has been no synthesis of their effects on fish. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 142 peer‐reviewed studies was conducted to evaluate the effects of seaweed on the innate immunity, resistance (to stress and pathogens) and growth of farmed fish. Overall, our review indicated that dietary supplementation with seaweeds or their extracts had substantial positive impacts on the health and growth of fish compared with control groups and were comparable to currently utilised immunostimulants. Dramatic effects on survival of fish during challenge experiments were detected, with an average of 33% higher survival of fish fed diets that included seaweeds or their extracts. This study provides broad evidence for the benefits of supplementing fish feed with the reviewed seaweeds or their bioactive extracts, including potential synergistic effects of supplements. However, the meta‐analysis also highlighted considerable variation among studies, and between fish and seaweed species, making it difficult to extrapolate results beyond individual experiments. Future studies should focus on developing synergistic combinations of ingredients and elucidating the mode of action through isolation of seaweed bioactives, together with standardisation of experimental conditions, to fast‐track the benefits of seaweed supplements for aquaculture.
Trainer‐exerciser relationship: The congruency effect on exerciser psychological needs using response surface analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Pelletier Luc G. , Rocchi Meredith , Neiva Henrique P. , Teixeira Diogo S. , Cid Luis , Silva Luis , Monteiro Diogo 
Published: September 2020

Perceptions of fitness trainers' need‐supportive and need‐thwarting behaviors have been shown to impact exercisers' psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Currently, it is unknown whether an agreement or disagreement between exercisers' and fitness trainers' reported perceptions of these behaviors leads to the satisfaction and/or frustration of psychological needs. Based on self‐determination theory, the present study examined the effect of congruency between fitness trainers' and exercisers' perceptions of need‐supportive and need‐thwarting interpersonal behaviors on basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration. A sample of 130 fitness trainers (43 females; Mage = 31.58 ± 7.65) and a total of 640 gym exercisers (350 females; Mage = 34.23 ± 11.59) participated in this study. Findings suggested that the majority of fitness trainers tended to over‐report their use of need‐supportive behavior and under‐report their need‐thwarting behaviors. Results showed that when there was congruency between fitness trainers' reported use and exercisers' perception of interpersonal behaviors, basic need satisfaction tended to increase. This effect was greater for exercisers that rated their respective fitness trainer high on relatedness support. Fitness trainers should be self‐aware of their interpersonal behaviors when engaging with exercisers and interventions based on self‐determination theory could serve as a promising avenue to improve the quality of exercisers' experience.
Impact of RHD genotyping on transfusion practice in Denmark and the United States and identification of novel RHD alleles
Authors: Vege Sunitha , Sprogøe Ulrik , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Jakobsen Marianne A. , Antonsen Berit , Aeschlimann Judith , Yazer Mark , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundReduced D antigen on red blood cells (RBCs) may be due to “partial” D phenotypes associated with loss of epitope(s) and risk for alloimmunization or “weak” D phenotypes that do not lack major epitopes with absence of clinical complications. Genotyping of samples with weak and discrepant D typing is recommended to guide transfusion and RhIG prophylaxis. The goal was to compare the impact of RHD genotyping on transfusion practice in two centers serving different populations.Study Design and MethodsFifty‐seven samples from Denmark and 353 from the United States with weak or discrepant D typing were genotyped. RBC typing was by multiple methods and reagents. DNA isolated from white blood cells was tested with RBC‐Ready Gene D weak or CDE in Denmark or RHD BeadChip in the United States. RHD was sequenced for those unresolved.ResultsOf Caucasian samples from Denmark, 90% (n = 51) had weak D types 1, 2, or 3; two had other weak D, two partial D, and two new alleles. In diverse ethnic U.S. samples, 44% (n = 155) had weak D types 1, 2, or 3 and 56% (n = 198) had other alleles: uncommon weak D (n = 13), weak 4.0 (n = 62), partial D (n = 107), no RHD (n = 9), and new alleles (n = 7).ConclusionMost samples with weak or variable D typing from Denmark had alleles without risk for anti‐D. In U.S. samples, 48% could safely be treated as D+, 18% may require consideration if pregnancy possible, and 34% could potentially benefit from being treated as D–. Black and multiracial ethnicities were overrepresented relative to population.
Trade, structural transformation and growth
Authors: Choi Seung Mo , Kim Hwagyun , Ma Xiaohan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses a simple model of a small economy with agricultural and non‐agricultural sectors to study how opening to international trade affects structural transformation and output growth. In particular, we ask whether effects from accelerated structural transformation after opening to trade is large enough to account for the explosive growth patterns observed in newly industrialised economies. A simulation result suggests that the model‐generated magnitude of growth is comparable to ‘growth miracles’ experienced in newly industrialised economies. Trade policies, relative productivity between agriculture and non‐agriculture, and the persistence of structural transformation process jointly affect the growth dynamics after opening.
Detection and Inhibition of IgE for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants evident in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of allergen‐specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats
Authors: Lee Kenneth W. , McKinney Brennan H. , Blankenship Karen D. , Morris Daniel O. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated recently that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of allergen‐sensitized dogs and cats, and that these CCD‐specific antibodies might confound serological testing.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe objective was to document the prevalence of CCD detectable in a monoclonal cocktail‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay designed for the detection of allergen‐specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats, and to define a means for successful inhibition of these CCD.Methods and materialsThe incidence of reactivity to bromelain and a commercially available inhibitor of carbohydrate‐specific antibodies (RIDA‐CCD) was evaluated in 100 dog sera samples before and after inhibition with RIDA‐CCD and a proprietary inhibitor containing carbohydrates derived from bromelain (BROM‐CCD). Subsequently, sera from 600 dogs and 600 cats were evaluated using a serum diluent with and without BROM‐CCD.ResultsBoth the RIDA‐CCD and BROM‐CCD inhibitors demonstrated successful reduction of CCD reactivity, although a more efficient profile of inhibition was evident with BROM‐CCD. Mite reactivity in dog and cat sera was largely unaffected; however, substantial inhibition for pollen allergens (trees, grasses and weeds) was shown. After BROM‐CCD inhibition, 1% of canine samples and 13% of feline samples were rendered completely negative for allergen reactivity.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results demonstrate that BROM‐CCD is effective in reducing reactions with irrelevant carbohydrates, and that inhibition of CCD reactivity might substantially alter the outcome of the in vitro reactivity profile used for selection of allergens to be included in an immunotherapeutic regime.
Quality of life following mechanical ventilation in dogs and cats
Authors: Donaldson Rebekah E. , Barfield Dominic 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation is frequently performed in small animal critical care medicine with well‐documented survival data; quality of life in these patients following discharge from hospital is unknown.Key findingsOwners of patients surviving to discharge following mechanical ventilation were surveyed with an open ended and ranking score questionnaire. Response rate was 57% (27/47). All respondents rated their pet's quality of life prior to the illness necessitating ventilation as good to excellent (8/10–10/10). Perceived recovery periods ranged from 0 days to 6 months (the most common response being 2–3 weeks). Fourteen owners stated that their pets’ quality of life was as good or better than previously. Patients with persistent quality of life concerns (n = 3) had been ventilated for neurological disease. Four owners reported changed behaviors such as startling easily or being excessively responsive to noise. One cat became deaf and at time of survey had not regained hearing. Commonly reported problems included decreased exercise tolerance (n = 3). All respondents stated that they would ventilate their pet again.SignificanceCats and dogs that are mechanically ventilated appear to recover with minimal adverse effect on their quality of life. Patients ventilated for neurological conditions may be more likely to experience quality of life limitations.