bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in different occupational groups of Bangladeshi population
Authors: Sayeed MA , Mohsena Masuda , Haq Tahniyah , Morshed AHG , Afroz Sadya , Tomalika Nehlin , Momtaz Hasina , Rahaman M Mostafizur 
Published: April 2020

Background and aims: Hypothyroidism is a common global endocrine disorder. The magnitude of hypothyroidism at community level in Bangladesh is unknown except some clinic-based studies. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in different occupational groups of Bangladeshi population and to assess the risks related to it.
Study design: Three occupational groups (house-wives, college students, rickshaw-pullers) of native Bangladeshi population were purposively selected. Investigations included socio-demography, anthropometry, blood pressure and biochemistry [fasting blood glucose, lipids, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (FT4)]. Laboratory tests were done only on a randomized sample of participants.
Results: Overall, 626 (M/F=123 / 503) participants with a mean age of 35.9 (34.75 – 37.02) years volunteered. The mean values of all participant for TSH and FT4 were 2.08 (95%CI: 1.72 – 2.45) μiu/ml and 13.04 (95CI:12.86 – 13.22) pmol/L respectively. The third percentile of TSH ranged from 0.42 to 0.46 μiu/ml and 97th percentile ranged from 5.16 to 5.24 μiu/ml. For FT4, the 3rd and the 97th percentile were 10.3 and 16.41 pmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in both sexes was 7.0% (M/F=4.1/8.3%). Occupational groups, sex and increasing age, obesity, blood pressure, and lipids showed no association with hypothyroidism. Hyperglycemia was proved to be a significant risk for hypothyroidism (prevalence in diabetic vs. non-diabetic was12.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.04; FBG was correlated with TSH, r = 0.138, p <0.001).
Conclusions: It is concluded that the prevalence of hypothyroidism was almost equal to other studies. Hypothyroidism was not related to increasing age, obesity, blood pressure and lipids. It was found to affect all sexes, all social classes and all occupational groups. Hyperglycemia was evidently found as significant risk for hypothyroidism.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 9-17
Vitamin D status of healthy coastal fishermen of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Wasim Md Mohosin Ul , Pathan Md Faruque , Sayeed MA 
Published: April 2020

Background and objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is now a global concern. Industrialization, urbanization and the decreasing participation in outdoor activities, with consequent sunlight deprivation, are thought to be the key factors in the increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among general population of many countries. It is presumed that healthy, adequately sun-exposed people should maintain adequate vitamin D levels. However, studies within this population are scarce. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the actual vitamin D status in healthy, adequately sun-exposed population living in coastal district of Bangladesh.
Material and Methods: One hundred and forty healthy fishermen living in costal district of Cox’s Bazar (210 25' North, 910 59' East) of Bangladesh were enrolled in this study. Relevant data and blood samples were collected during August 2018, one of the months with lower zenith angle and higher UV index. Chemiluminescent micro-particle immunoassay (CMIA) was used to measure 25-hydroxy vitamin D3. Other relevant biochemical parameters measured were random blood glucose (RBG), serum creatinine, albumin, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).
Results: Mean vitamin D level of the study population was 27.04±7.20 ng/ml. Based on the cut off value of Endocrine Society, 70.7% of the study population had low vitamin D levels of which 26 (18.6%) and 73 (52.1%) were in vitamin D deficient (<20ng/ml) and insufficient (20 – 29.99 ng/ml) categories respectively. Vitamin D level was normal in 41 (29.3%) subjects. There was no significant difference in iPTH level between groups with low and normal vitamin D levels (p>.05, 95%CI= -5.68226, 1.21086).
Conclusion: The unexpectedly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this healthy and adequately sun-exposed population raises the question regarding the validity of the current cutoff value being used to assess the vitamin D status of Bangladeshi population. Future studies should be carried out to determine nation-specific, local cutoff values for vitamin D sufficiency.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 35-39
Larvicidal Efficacies of Four Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Bachchu Md Adnan Al , Ara Kismot , Uddin Md Nizam , Ara Roushan 
Published: April 2020

An investigation was carried out on the larvicidal efficacy of four indigenous plant extracts against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) during the period of February to July 2016. The result revealed that all the four plant extracts were effective in checking insect infestation and had different toxic effects against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle. Average mortality indicated that castor plant extract showed the highest toxic effect (average mortality 57.78%) whereas the lowest toxicity (average mortality 27.46%) was found in the neem leaf extracts. The larval mortality significantly differed among all the concentrations of the plant extracts applied and the highest mortality (60.75%) was recorded in maximum concentration (10.61 mg/cm2) of the plant extract. No larval mortality was observed in untreated control up to 72 HATs. Mortality percentage was also observed directly proportional to the level of concentrations of plant extracts and to the exposure period. Probit analysis of larval mortality also revealed that the castor plant extract showed the highest toxicity at different time interval among all the plant extracts applied.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 223-232, December 2017
Russell’s Viper (Daboia Russelii) in Bangladesh: Its Boom and Threat to Human Life
Authors: Ahsan Md Farid , Saeed Md Abu 
Published: April 2020

The occurrence of Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii Shaw and Nodder 1797) in Bangladesh is century old information and its rarity was known to the wildlife biologists till 2013 but its recent booming is also causing a major threat to human life in the area. Recently it has been reported from nine districts (Dinajpur, Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore, Pabna, Rajbari, Chuadanga and Patuakhali) and old records revealed 11 districts (Nilphamari, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Bogra, Jessore, Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat and Chittagong). Thus altogether 17 out of 64 districts in Bangladesh, of which Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi are most affected and 20 people died due to Russell’s viper bite during 2013 to 2016. Its past and present distribution in Bangladesh and death toll of its bites have been discussed. Its booming causes have also been predicted and precautions have been recommended. Research on Russell’s viper is deemed necessary due to reemergence in deadly manner.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 15-22, June 2018
Neoglacial and historical glacier changes around Kangersuneq fjord in southern West Greenland
Authors: Weidick Anker , Bennike Ole , Citterio Michele , Nørgaard-Pedersen Niels 
Published: April 2020

The Nuup Kangerlua region in southern West Greenland became deglaciated in the early Holocene and by the mid-Holocene, the margin of the Inland Ice was located east of its present position. Discussion of late Holocene changes in the frontal positions of outlets relies on descriptions, paintings, photographs, maps, data from investigations of Norse ruins, aerial photographs and satellite images.
The Kangiata Nunaata Sermia glacier system has receded over 20 km during the last two centuries, indicating a marked response to climatic fluctuations during and since the Little Ice Age (LIA). A large advance between 1700 and 1800 was followed by rapid recession in the first half of the 1800s. Limited data from c. 1850–1920 indicate that although the long-term position of the glacier front remained c. 10–12 km behind the LIA maximum, the late 1800s and the early 1900s may have seen a recession followed by an advance that resulted in a pronounced moraine system. The ice-dammed lake Isvand formed during the LIA maximum when meltwater from the western side of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia drained to the Ameralla fjord in the west. This is in contrast to the drainage pattern before the 1700s, when water probably drained to Kangersuneq in the north. Thinning of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia resulted in total drainage of Isvand between 2000 and 2010 and the discharge of water through Austmannadalen has now returned to the same level as that in medieval times.
Other outlets in the region, such as Akullersuup Sermia and Qamanaarsuup Sermia have varied in phase with Kangiata Nunaata Sermia, but with amplitudes of only a few kilometres. In contrast, Narsap Sermia has been nearly stationary and Kangilinnguata Sermia may have advanced until the middle of the 1900s.
Lowland marine outlets in south-western Greenland were characterised by large amplitude changes during the Neoglacial. Extreme examples, in addition to Kangiata Nunaata Sermia, are Eqalorutsit Killiit Sermiat at the head of Nordre Sermilik fjord in southern Greenland and Jakobshavn Isbræ in Disko Bugt, central West Greenland. The Neoglacial advances appear to have occurred at different times, although this may in part reflect the limited information about fluctuations prior to the 1930s. The differences could also reflect variations in mass balance of different sectors of the ice sheet, different subglacial dynamics or topographical factors. The lowland areas are separated by uplands and highlands that extend below the marginal part of the Inland Ice; in such areas, the outlets have been advancing almost up to the present, so that the position of the glacier front around AD 2000 broadly coincides with the LIA maximum. Charting the fluctuations of the outlets thus illustrates the large variability of the glaciers' response to changing climate but it is notable that the number of advancing outlets has decreased markedly in recent years.
Tectono-magmatic evolution of the younger Gardar southern rift, South Greenland
Authors: Upton Brian G.J. 
Published: April 2020

The 1300–1140 Ma Gardar period in South Greenland involved continental rifting, sedimentation and alkaline magmatism. The latest magmatism was located along two parallel rift zones, Isortoq–Nunarsuit in the north and the Tuttutooq–Ilimmaasaq–Narsarsuaq zone in the south addressed here. The intrusive rocks crystallised at a depth of troctolitic gabbros. These relatively reduced magmas evolved through marked iron enrichment to alkaline salic differentiates. In the Older giant dyke complex, undersaturated augite syenites grade into sodalite foyaite. The larger, c. 1163 Ma Younger giant dyke complex (YGDC) mainly consists of structureless troctolite with localised developments of layered cumulates. A layered pluton (Klokken) is considered to be coeval and presumably comagmatic with the YGDC. At the unconformity between the Ketilidian basement and Gardar rift deposits, the YGDC expanded into a gabbroic lopolith. Its magma may represent a sample from a great, underplated mafic magma reservoir, parental to all the salic alkaline rocks in the southern rift. The bulk of these are silica undersaturated; oversaturated differentiates are probably products of combined fractional crystallisation and crustal assimilation.
A major dyke swarm 1–15 km broad was intruded during declining crustal extension, with decreasing dyke widths and increasing differentiation over time. Intersection of the dyke swarm and E–W-trending sinistral faults controlled the emplacement of at least three central complexes (Narssaq, South Qôroq and early Igdlerfigssalik). Three post-extensional complexes (Tugtutôq, Ilímaussaq and late Igdlerfigssalik) along the former rift mark the end of magmatism at c. 1140 Ma. The latter two complexes have oblate plans reflecting ductile, fault-related strain. The Tugtutôq complex comprises quartz syenites and alkali granites. The Ilímaussaq complex mainly consists of nepheline syenite crystallised from highly reduced, Fe-rich phonolitic peralkaline (agpaitic) magma, and resulted in rocks with very high incompatible element concentrations.
Abundant anorthositic xenoliths in the mafic and intermediate intrusions point to a large anorthosite protolith at depth which is considered of critical importance in the petrogenesis of the salic rocks. Small intrusions of aillikite and carbonatite may represent remobilised mantle metasomites. The petrological similarity between Older and Younger Gardar suites implies strong lithospheric control of their petrogenesis. The parental magmas are inferred to have been derived from restitic Ketilidian lithospheric mantle, metasomatised by melts from subducting Ketilidian oceanic crust and by small-scale melt fractions associated with Gardar rifting.
There are numerous analogies between the southern Gardar rift and the Palaeogene East African rift.
Interpreting High-resolution Spectroscopy of Exoplanets using Cross-correlations and Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Fisher Chloe , Hoeijmakers H. Jens , Kitzmann Daniel , Márquez-Neila Pablo , Grimm Simon L. , Sznitman Raphael , Heng Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a new method for performing atmospheric retrieval on ground-based, high-resolution data of exoplanets. Our method combines cross-correlation functions with a random forest, a supervised machine-learning technique, to overcome challenges associated with high-resolution data. A series of cross-correlation functions are concatenated to give a “CCF-sequence” for each model atmosphere, which reduces the dimensionality by a factor of ∼100. The random forest, trained on our grid of ∼65,000 models, provides a likelihood-free method of retrieval. The precomputed grid spans 31 values of both temperature and metallicity, and incorporates a realistic noise model. We apply our method to HARPS-N observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b and obtain a metallicity consistent with solar (logM = − 0.2 ± 0.2). Our retrieved transit chord temperature (

K) is unreliable as strong ion lines lie outside of the extent of the training set, which we interpret as being indicative of missing physics in our atmospheric model. We compare our method to traditional nested sampling, as well as other machine-learning techniques, such as Bayesian neural networks. We demonstrate that the likelihood-free aspect of the random forest makes it more robust than nested sampling to different error distributions, and that the Bayesian neural network we tested is unable to reproduce complex posteriors. We also address the claim in Cobb et al. 2019 that our random forest retrieval technique can be overconfident but incorrect. We show that this is an artifact of the training set, rather than of the machine-learning method, and that the posteriors agree with those obtained using nested sampling.
Fundamental Parameters of ∼30,000 M dwarfs in LAMOST DR1 Using Data-driven Spectral Modeling
Authors: Galgano Brianna , Stassun Keivan , Rojas-Ayala Bárbara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
M dwarfs are the most common type of star in the Galaxy, and because of their small size are favored targets for searches of Earth-sized transiting exoplanets. Current and upcoming all-sky spectroscopic surveys, such as the Large Sky Area Multi Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), offer an opportunity to systematically determine physical properties of many more M dwarfs than has been previously possible. Here, we present new effective temperatures, radii, masses, and luminosities for 29,678 M dwarfs with spectral types M0–M6 in the first data release (DR1) of LAMOST. We derived these parameters from the supervised machine-learning code, The Cannon, trained with 1388 M dwarfs in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Cool Dwarf Catalog that were also present in LAMOST with high signal-to-noise ratio (>250) spectra. Our validation tests show that the output parameter uncertainties are strongly correlated with the signal-to-noise of the LAMOST spectra, and we achieve typical uncertainties of 110 K in

(∼3%), 0.065

(∼14%) in radius, 0.054

(∼12%) in mass, and 0.012

(∼20%) in luminosity. The model presented here can be rapidly applied to future LAMOST data releases, significantly extending the samples of well-characterized M dwarfs across the sky using new and exclusively data-based modeling methods.
A New Moving Group in the Local Arm
Authors: Liang Xilong , Zhao Jingkun , Chen Yuqin , Fang Xiangshong , Ye Xianhao , Zhang Jiajun , Kong Xiaoming , Zhao Gang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a new moving group clustered in kinematics, spatial position, and elemental abundances. Its spatial position is around the center of the Local Arm of the Milky Way. A convergent point method was taken to select candidate member stars. Among 206 candidate member stars, 74 are pre-main-sequence stars and some of them have stellar disks. We presume those pre-main-sequence stars belong to the Orion nebula. We suggest that this moving group is caused by the density wave of the Local Arm passing by.
The TRENDS High-contrast Imaging Survey. VIII. Compendium of Benchmark Objects
Authors: Gonzales Erica J. , Crepp Justin R. , Bechter Eric B. , Wood Charlotte M. , Johnson John Asher , Montet Benjamin T. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The physical properties of faint stellar and substellar objects often rely on indirect, model-dependent estimates. For example, the masses of brown dwarfs are usually inferred using evolutionary models, which are age dependent and have yet to be properly calibrated. With the goal of identifying new benchmark objects to test low-mass stellar and substellar models, we have carried out a comprehensive adaptive optics survey as part of the TaRgetting bENchmark-objects with the Doppler Spectroscopy high-contrast imaging program. Using legacy radial velocity measurements from the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck, we have identified several dozen stars that show long-term Doppler accelerations. We present follow-up high-contrast observations from the campaign and report the discovery of 31 comoving companions, as well as 11 strong candidate companions, to solar-type stars with well-determined parallax and metallicity values. Benchmark objects of this nature lend themselves to orbit determinations, dynamical mass estimates, and independent compositional assessment. This compendium of benchmark objects will serve as a convenient test group to substantiate theoretical evolutionary and atmospheric models near the hydrogen fusing limit.
Response of SDO/HMI Observables to Heating of the Solar Atmosphere by Precipitating High-energy Electrons
Authors: Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Kosovichev Alexander G. , Kitiashvili Irina N. , Kerr Graham S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We perform an analysis of the line-of-sight (LOS) observables of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) for models of the solar atmosphere heated by precipitating high-energy electrons during solar flares. The radiative hydrodynamic (RADYN) flare models are obtained from the F-CHROMA database. The Stokes profiles for the Fe 6173 Å line observed by SDO/HMI are calculated using the radiative transfer code RH1.5D, assuming statistical equilibrium for atomic level populations, and imposing uniform background vertical magnetic fields of various strengths. The SDO/HMI observing sequence and LOS data processing pipeline algorithm are applied to derive the observables (continuum intensity, line depth, Doppler velocity, LOS magnetic field). Our results reveal that the strongest deviations of the observables from the actual spectroscopic line parameters are found for the model with a total energy deposited of E
total = 1.0 × 1012 erg cm−2, injected with a power-law spectral index of δ = 3 above a low-energy cutoff of E

c
= 25 keV. The magnitudes of the velocity and magnetic field deviations depend on the imposed magnetic field, and can reach 0.35 km s−1 for LOS velocities, 90 G for LOS magnetic field, and 3% for continuum enhancement for the 1000 G imposed LOS magnetic field setup. For E
total ≥ 3.0 × 1011 erg cm−2 models, the velocity and magnetic field deviations are most strongly correlated with the energy flux carried by ∼50 keV electrons, and the continuum enhancement is correlated with the synthesized ∼55–60 keV hard X-ray photon flux. The relatively low magnitudes of perturbations of the observables and absence of magnetic field sign reversals suggest that the considered RADYN beam heating models augmented with the uniform vertical magnetic field setups cannot explain the strong transient changes found in the SDO/HMI observations.
Ultra-light Dark Matter Is Incompatible with the Milky Way’s Dwarf Satellites
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Spergel David N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The density profiles of dwarf galaxies are a highly varied set. If the dark matter is an ultra-light particle such as axions, then simulations predict a distinctive and unique profile. If the axion mass is large enough to fit the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) satellites (

eV), then the models do not fit the density profile of Fornax and Sculptor and are ruled out by more than

confidence. If the axion mass is in the mass range that can fit mass profiles of Fornax and Sculptor dwarf spheroidals, then its extended profile implies enormous masses (

) for the UFDs. These large masses for the UFDS are ruled out by more than

confidence by dynamical friction arguments. The tension would increase further considering star formation histories and stellar masses of the UFDs. Unless future ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) simulations with baryonic feedback show a significant change in the density structure of the halos, the current data is incompatible with the ULDM scenario. Relaxing the slope constraint from classical dwarf galaxies would lead to excluding ULDM with mass less than

.
L’immigration subsaharienne en Tunisie : de la reconnaissance d’un fait social à la création d’un enjeu gestionnaire
Authors: Cassarini Camille 
Published: April 2020

L’immigration subsaharienne en Tunisie s’impose depuis 2011 comme nouveau fait social. Si les formes socio-spatiales de cette immigration sont multiples et concernent aussi bien des travailleurs que des étudiants, elle n’en reste pas moins cantonnée à une irrégularité juridique structurelle et à une mise sous silence de la part de l’État. Toutefois, ces populations font l’objet d’une politique de gestion sociale, construite et financée principalement par les organisations internationales et l’Union européenne et mise en œuvre par un ensemble de partenaires humanitaires et associatifs actifs au niveau local. Cet article entend revenir sur les mécanismes ayant construit cette politique de gestion humanitaire et interroge les modalités de sa mise en œuvre. Il contribue ainsi à remettre en débat la « frontière » entretenue entre humanitaire et sécuritaire et propose, à partir du cas tunisien, une réflexion sur l’implication des acteurs humanitaires dans le processus d’externalisation des frontières en Afrique méditerranéenne.