bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Diversity of M-star Astrospheres and the Role of Galactic Cosmic Rays Within
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Scherer Klaus , Ferreira Stefan E. S. , Baalmann Lennart R. , Engelbrecht N. Eugene , Fichtner Horst , Kleimann Jens , Toit Strauss R. Du , Moeketsi Daniel M. , Mohamed Shazrene 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With upcoming missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the European Extremely Large Telescope, and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, we soon will be on the verge of detecting and characterizing Earth-like exoplanetary atmospheres for the first time. These planets are most likely to be found around smaller and cooler K- and M-type stars. However, recent observations showed that their radiation environment might be much harsher than that of the Sun. Thus, the exoplanets are most likely exposed to an enhanced stellar radiation environment, which could affect their habitability, for example, in the form of a hazardous flux of energetic particles. Knowing the stellar radiation field, and being able to model the radiation exposure on the surface of a planet, is crucial to assess its habitability. In this study, we present 3D magnetohydrodynamic-based model efforts investigating M-stars, focusing on V374 Peg, Proxima Centauri, and LHS 1140, chosen because of their diverse astrospheric quantities. We show that V374 Peg has a much larger astrosphere (ASP) than our Sun, while Proxima Centauri and LHS 1140 most likely have ASPs comparable to or even much smaller than the heliosphere, respectively. Based on a 1D transport model, for the first time, we provide numerical estimates of the modulation of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) within the three ASPs. We show that the impact of GCRs on the Earth-like exoplanets Proxima Centauri b and LHS 1140 b cannot be neglected in the context of exoplanetary habitability.
Magnetic-buoyancy-induced Mixing in AGB Stars: Presolar SiC Grains
Authors: Vescovi Diego , Cristallo Sergio , Busso Maurizio , Liu Nan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Isotope ratios can be measured in presolar SiC grains from ancient asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars at permil-level (0.1%) precision. Such precise grain data permit derivation of more stringent constraints and calibrations on mixing efficiency in AGB models than traditional spectroscopic observations. In this paper we compare SiC heavy-element isotope ratios to a new series of FRUITY models that include the effects of mixing triggered by magnetic fields. Based on 2D and 3D simulations available in the literature, we propose a new formulation, upon which the general features of mixing induced by magnetic fields can be derived. The efficiency of such a mixing, on the other hand, relies on physical quantities whose values are poorly constrained. We present here our calibration by comparing our model results with the heavy-element isotope data of presolar SiC grains from AGB stars. We demonstrate that the isotopic compositions of all measured elements (Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba) can be simultaneously fitted by adopting a single magnetic field configuration in our new FRUITY models.
Manifestation of Rossby Waves in the Global Magnetic Field of the Sun during Cycles 21–24
Authors: Bilenko Irina A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The evolution of the solar global magnetic field (GMF) was investigated and compared with oscillations of different periods during cycles 21–24. The data from the Wilcox Solar Observatory were used. The results indicate that GMF structures were associated with certain oscillations. Oscillations of 81.83–163.65 days were associated with structures lasting 10–20 CRs. They occurred as some pulses during solar maxima. Oscillations of 163.652–463.680 days were associated with GMF structures lasting ≈20–50 CRs. They match two peaks in the magnetic-field cycle. Oscillations of 1.270–5.231 yr were formed during the dominance of the sectorial GMF structure. Oscillations of 5.231–13.451 yr were the most intense. From cycle 22 to 24, their intensity decreased, and the range of periods narrowed and shifted to longer periods, determining the corresponding changes in the oscillations of 81.83 days–5.231 yr and associated GMF structures. They match well the evolution of the zonal GMF structure. They are assumed to be a descending part of a period of ≈≥60 yr. A decrease in the magnetic field from cycle 22 to 24 may be due to a decrease in the intensity of these oscillations. Some periodicities of the revealed oscillations are in good agreement with the estimates of the periods for fast magnetic Rossby waves. The GMF structure connection with Rossby waves is discussed.
Pyramidal Aberrometry in Wavefront-Guided Myopic LASIK
Authors: Frings Andreas , Hassan Hala , Allan Bruce D. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate measurement repeatability and clinical results for pyramidal aberrometry in routine myopic wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS:
Results from 265 consecutive eyes treated with myopic wavefront-guided LASIK using the Amaris 1050RS Excimer Laser and Peramis pyramidal aberrometer (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH) were reviewed. Limits of repeatability were calculated for the aberrometric refraction spherical equivalent and higher order aberrations for the Peramis aberrometer using results from three consecutive scans acquired preoperatively and postoperatively for the first 100 eyes treated.

RESULTS:
The 95% limits of repeatability for pyramidal aberrometric measurement were: 0.3 diopters (D) for sphere, 0.2 D for cylinder, and 0.1 D (dioptric equivalent) for 3rd and 4th order aberration indices. A total of 95% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of the manifest refraction spherical equivalent target postoperatively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 96% of 232 eyes with a plano refraction target outcome. A total of 97% of eyes had a refraction cylinder of 0.50 D or less. No eyes lost two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data demonstrate good measurement repeatability, safety, and efficacy for pyramidal aberrometry in routine myopic LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):442–448.]
Población flotante y ciudad desde una perspectiva socioespacial: revisión de estudios recientes
Authors: Gándara Woongg Carlos , Padilla Lozano Fernando , Gutiérrez Castorena Pablo 
Published: July 2020

La población flotante como fenómeno social tiene un impacto directo en las ciudades por las que transitan. Al ser un hecho la creciente presencia de estos pobladores en las urbes contemporáneas, es necesario realizar un estudio que abarque el impacto de dicha población en la ciudad y en el desarrollo urbano de esta. Basado en el examen de cuarenta artículos, este trabajo presenta una revisión crítica e integradora de los documentos realizados sobre la población flotante en el período de 1990 a 2019. La revisión bibliográfica orienta el enfoque socioespacial al incluir a este segmento poblacional y su correlación con la ciudad en términos sociales y espaciales, entendiendo la ciudad como el espacio donde se desarrollan las interacciones sociales. Los resultados reflejan los hallazgos y limitantes de un problema con diferentes variantes, que cambian dependiendo del contexto local, regional y global, así como se entregan recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.
Ferrites in Transfer-Molded Power SiPs: Challenges in Packaging
Authors: Thomas Tina , van Dijk Marius , Dreissigacker Marc , Hoffmann Stefan , Walter Hans , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Schneider-Ramelow Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Transfer-molding process is enjoying growing interest when aiming for novel high-power density system-in-packages (power SiPs), where not only transistors and diodes but also drivers, passives, coils, and transformers are supposed to be integrated in one package. Encapsulating modules in a transfer-molding process induces higher mechanical load onto module components compared with conventional silicone potting. Previous investigations have shown that integration of delicate components as ferrite cores into molded packages is not as trivial as integration of conventional surface-mount devices or power semiconductors; the brittle ferrites tend to fracture during the encapsulation process, resulting in higher ferrite core loss. The current study aims to identify main root causes for ferrite core cracking during manufacturing of molded power SiPs. The test vehicle is a symmetrical printed circuit board–based package with three pairs of E-shaped ferrite cores. The epoxy molding compound deployed here is characterized to enable filling simulations. Because technical datasheets of ferrites typically lack specifications of mechanical properties, ferrite materials are analyzed in more detail. Filling simulations and thermomechanical simulations are performed to gain insight into process-induced stress, which may induce cracks in the ferrites. In addition, different ferrite designs are evaluated regarding core losses and mechanical stability and, thus, their tendency to fracture.
Implementation of Blood and Blood Product Regulation Training Workshop, South Africa
Authors: Kafere C. , Tayou Tagny C. , Tapko J.B. , Mbunkah H.A. , Samukange W.T. , Mutoti K. , Mudyiwenyama L. , Sumaila A. , Reinhardt J. 
Published: July 2020

The training workshop on Implementation of Blood and Blood Product Regulation was organised and co-hosted by the Paul-Ehrlich -Institut Global Health Protection Program BloodTrain and the Africa Society for Blood Transfusion (AfSBT) from the 20th to the 22nd of August 2019. This was aimed at strengthening the capacity of African countries in developing and implementing regulatory systems for blood. Over thirty participants from countries across the African continent came together in Johannesburg, South Africa and shared knowledge and experiences among themselves and also with experts from the BloodTrain, Africa Society for Blood Transfusion (AfSBT), World Health Organization (WHO) and the New Partnership for Africa`s Development (NEPAD). The workshop addressed a wide range of topics ranging from standards in transfusion, clinical practice, regulatory framework for blood, WHO guidelines related to blood regulation, haemovigilance and regulatory oversight of associated Medical Devices In-vitro Diagnostics. In addition to the context and motivation of the workshop, this report summarises the key content covered throughout the workshop and recommendations for further improvement.
French Title: Atelier de Formation sur la Mise en Oeuvre de la Réglementation du Sang et des Produits Sanguins, Afrique du Sud
Un atelier de formation portant sur la mise en oeuvre de la réglementation du sang et des produits sanguin s a été co-organisé par le programme de protection de la santé mondiale Paul-Ehrlich-Institut BloodTrain et la Société Africaine de Transfusion Sanguine (SATS) du 20 au 22 août 2019. Il visait à renforcer la capacité des pays africains à élaborer et à mettre en oeuvre des systèmes de réglementation pour le sang. Plus de trente participants de pays du continent africain se sont réunis à Johannesburg, en Afrique du Sud et ont partagé leurs connaissances et leurs expériences entre eux ainsi qu'avec des experts de BloodTrain, de la SATS, de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD). L'atelier a abordé un large éventail de sujets, allant des normes de transfusion, de la pratique clinique, du cadre réglementaire pour le sang, des directives de l'OMS relatives à la régulation du sang, à l'hémovigilance et à la surveillance réglementai re des diagnostics in vitro des dispositifs médicaux associés. En plus du contexte et de la motivation de l'atelier, ce rapport résume le contenu clé couvert tout au long de l'atelier et des recommandations pour de nouvelles améliorations.
Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of Co(II) metal complex of sulfathiazole
Authors: Edozie Otuokere Ifeanyi , Godday Ohwimu Joseph , Chijioke Amadi Kingsley , Uchenna Igwe Okenwa , Chigozie Nwadire Felix 
Published: July 2020

Sulfathiazole (SFTZ) is a sulfonamide used for the treatment of bacterial infection. The cobalt complex of sulfathiazole was synthesized by reaction of sulfathiazole with CoCl2.6H2O. The metal complex was characterized based on AAS, UV, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The electronic spectrum of the ligand showed intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT) which were assigned to the chromophores present in the ligand, while that of the complex suggested intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT) and ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT). The IR spectra of the complexes showed the involvement of amine, sulfonyl and cyano group in coordination to the metal ion. This showed that sulfathiazole acted as a tridentate ligand. 1H NMR spectrum of [Co(SFTZ)] complex further showed the involvement of the amine and sulfonyl group in coordination to the metal ions. The structure of [Co(SFTZ)] complex was assigned as trigonal. The crystal structure of [Co(SFTZ)] complex belongs to cubic system, space group P1, with cell parameters of a = 4.007 Å, b = 5.0078 Å, c = 5.9844 Å, 𝑉 = 30.61 Å3, α = 90o, β 90o, γ = 90o. Molecular docking suggested that the ligand/complex binded effectively with the E. Coli and S. aureus because their global binding energies were negative. The binding interactions of ligand/complex with E. Coli and S. Aureus were predicted. Molecular docking predicted the feasibility of the biochemical reactions before experimental investigation.

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 83-92.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.8
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of False Yam <i>(Icacina oliviformis)</i> Extracts on Microbes
Authors: Seidu R. , Quainoo A. K. , Cobbina S. J. , Quansah L. 
Published: July 2020

This study compares the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of Icacina oliviformis tuber and seed extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aerugino­sa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. False yam tubers were washed and peeled and the mesocarp removed to obtain the seeds. Methanol was used to obtain tuber and seed extracts of the false yam, after they were pulverized. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides in both extracts but the proportion of tannins and alkaloids were relatively higher in false yam seed extract than tuber extract. Antimicrobial assay showed that both extracts had antimicrobial activity justifying its use in the treatment of diseases in Northern Ghana. False yam seed extract had a relatively higher antimicrobial activity than tuber extract. The least minimum inhibition concentration recorded was 1.56 mg/ ml for false yam seed on Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. False yam seed extract exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms than the tuber extract, this provides a cheaper source of antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases.
Keywords: False yam tuber, False yam seed, Icacina oliviformis, Phytochemical screening, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Microorganisms
Acute Hypoglycaemic Activities and Fatty Acid Profile of Seed Oil of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam
Authors: Busari M. B. , Muhammad H. L. , Ogbadoyi E. O. , Badmos F. O. 
Published: July 2020

The adverse effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs necessitated the search for efficient and safer antidiabetic drugs from herbal formulation. As such, the fatty acids profile and acute antidia­betic activities of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of petroleum ether (PEEMO) and Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of dichloromethane (DCMMO) were investigated. The 2.0 mL/kg body weight (kg.bw) of both oils, 500 μg/kg.bw of glibenclimide and 2.0 mL/kg.bw of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were given orally to rats in their respective groups after induction with 2 g/kg.bw of glucose solution orally. Unsaturated fatty acids contents were in high proportion in both oils when compared to saturated fatty acids content. Administration of glucose solution significantly elevated the blood glucose level to 24.71, 47.83, 44.05, 44.78 and 30.86% for normoglycaemic, control, glibenclimide, DCMMO and PEEMO respectively at 30 minutes from their respective basal blood glucose level. However, the blood glucose level of the glib­enclimide, PEEMO, DCMMO treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 60 (24.57, 15.61 and 10.69%), 90 (43.87, 30.08 and 15.45%) and 120 (57.98, 19.82 and 41.33%) minutes respectively when compared with that of 30 minutes’ blood glucose levels. Therefore, Moringa oleifera seed oil extracts demonstrated acute hypoglycaemic effects in glucose fed rats.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, glibenclimide, antidiabetic, diabetes, unsaturated fatty acids.
A Quality Control Scheme for a Commercial Pozzolana Plant: A Case Study of Pozzolana Ghana Ltd
Authors: Sarfo-Ansah J. , Boakye K. A. , Atiemo E. , Appiah R. 
Published: July 2020

A Quality control scheme was developed for a 200 ton per day commercial pozzolana plant. The scheme was evaluated for the first 34 days of production. Statistical Process Control tech­niques were specifically applied to the mechanical properties of setting times and compressive strength. Results obtained showed that pozzolana samples tested were chemically suitable with total SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content ≥ 70%. Mechanical tests performed were mostly under control and when out-of-control, they gave valuable indication to plant malfunction or operator errors which were promptly corrected. The results of mechanical properties tested against the three major brands of cement on the Ghanaian market showed that pozzolana gave highest compressive strengths with Dangote CEM I 42.5R ranging between 21.3 MPa - 36.3 MPa at 7 days and 33.8 MPa - 45.1 MPa at 28 days whilst lowest compressive strengths were obtained with Ghacem CEM II B-L 32.5R cement ranging between 16.3 MPa – 23.6 MPa at 7 days and 23.3 MPa – 30.7 MPa at 28 days. Compressive strengths obtained with Diamond CEM II B-L 42.5N cement were average. A mean compressive strength for all brands of ce­ment of 25.2 MPa and 33.6 MPa at 7 days and 28 days respectively were obtained.
Keywords: Pozzolana cement, statistical process control, Shewhart chart, compressive strength, setting time
Methotrexate-Induced Pancytopenia and Mucositis Caused by Medication Error
Authors: Amissah-Arthur Maame-Boatemaa , Baah Winifred 
Published: July 2020

The use of methotrexate in routine clinical practice is becoming more common among specialties such as rheumatology, dermatology, oncology and obstetrics. General clinicians are increasingly encountering patients on this drug.Though it has a high safety profile, there is a recognised risk of acute toxicity or long-term complications associated with its use, which can be worsened by several factors such as advanced age, moderate to severe renal impairment, low folate level and/or inadequate folate supplementation, hypoalbuminaemia, polypharmacy causing drug-drug interactions and wrongful administration. We present a case of a 45-year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with acute pancytopaenia and mucositis due to methotrexate toxicity. We highlight its peculiar dosing regimen to minimise prescribing errors.
Keywords: Methotrexate, pancytopenia, mucositis, side-effects, medication error
Funding: None
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN DI ERA GLOBALISASI (Telaah dari Aspek Lingkungan)
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin  
Published: July 2020

Untuk mencapai suatu tujuan pendidikan tidak bisa terlepas dari faktor-faktor yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Salah satunya adalah faktor lingkungan di mana lingkungan sendiri masih saling memberi pengaruh antara satu dengan lainnya. Lingkungan keluarga yang merupakan tempat pertama anak mendapat pendidikan diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek afektif (sikap metal dan moral). Lingkungan sekolah diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek kognitif (intelektual) dan lingkungan masyarakat diharapkan dapat membentuk aspek psikomotorik (skill/keterampilan) anak. Maka ketiga aspek tersebut ada dalam lingkungan pendidikan.
Penyelenggaraan pendidikan adalah menjadi tanggung jawab bersama antara keluarga, masyarakat dan pemerintah, karena itu pendidikan berlangsung seumur hidup (long life education) dan dilaksanakan di dalam lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat. Pendidikan kita terdiri atas tiga bagian. Pertama, pendidikan informal (keluarga), formal (sekolah) dan nonformal (masyarakat). Sasaran yang ingin dicapai dari pendidikan kita adalah pembentukan aspek kognitif (intelektual), afektif (sikap mental atau moral) dan psikomotorik (skill/keterampilan). Idealnya, pembentukan aspek kognitif menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab para pendidik (guru) di sekolah, pembentukan aspek efektif menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab orang tua dan pembentukan aspek psikomotorik menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab masyarakat (lembaga-lembaga kursus, dan sejenisnya).
Kata Kunci: Problematika Pendidikan, Aspek Lingkungan
PROBLEMATIKA PENERAPAN KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: M. Yusuf  
Published: July 2020

KTSP sebenarnya sudah berhasil mengakomodasi tuntutan pendidikan abad ke-21 yang sangat menekankan pada kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif, kemampuan komunikasi dan sosial, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, dan kemampuan mengambil risiko (risk-taking skills). Permasalahan dalam dunia pendidikan tidak bisa terselesaikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan satu aspek saja. Misalnya dalam masalah kurikulum, problem yang muncul merupakan akibat dari sistem pendidikan yang salah, dan kesalahan dalam hal ini akan berdampak pada sistem secara keseluruhan. Sehingga menghasilkan lingkaran setan, yang jaring-jaringnya tidak akan terputus, sebelum adanya perombakan secara sistemik terhadap kebijakan di bidang pendidikan
Kata Kunci: Problematika, KTSP
PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Wati Fahrina Yustiasari Liri 
Published: July 2020

Pengembangan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dapat diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran pada setiap mata pelajaran. Materi pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan norma atau nilai-nilai pada setiap mata pelajaran perlu dikembangkan, dieksplisitkan, dikaitkan dengan konteks kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian pembelajaran nilai-nilai karakter tidak hanya pada tataran kognitif, tetapi menyentuh pada internalisasi dan pengamalan nyata dalam kehidupan peserta didik sehari-hari di masyarakat.
Pengembangan Pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu penyelenggaraan dan hasil pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah yang mengarah pada pencapaian pembentukan karakter dan akhlak mulia peserta didik secara utuh, terpadu, dan seimbang, sesuai standar kompetensi lulusan.
Melalui pengembangan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah diharapkan peserta didik mampu secara mandiri meningkatkan dan menggunakan pengetahuannya, mengkaji dan menginternalisasi serta mempersonalisasi nilai-nilai karakter dan akhlak mulia sehingga terwujud dalam perilaku sehari-hari sejak dini. Melalui pengembangan ini diharapkan setiap lulusan memiliki keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, berkarakter mulia, kompetensi akademik yang utuh dan terpadu, sekaligus memiliki kepribadian yang baik sesuai norma-norma dan budaya Indonesia. Pada tataran yang lebih luas, pendidikan karakter nantinya diharapkan menjadi budaya sekolah.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Madrasah, Ibtidaiyah