bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial radiance influences facial attractiveness and affective impressions of faces
Authors: Ikeda Hanako , Saheki Yuriko , Sakano Yuichi , Wada Atsushi , Ando Hiroshi , Tagai Keiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveFacial attractiveness has been reported to be influenced by visual features such as facial shape and the colour and texture of the skin. However, no empirical studies have examined the effects of facial skin radiance on facial attractiveness. The present study investigated whether types of skin reflection (i.e. radiant, oily and shiny, and matte) and the position of the reflection on the face influence facial attractiveness and other affective impressions.MethodsA total of 160 female participants (1) estimated the ages and (2) evaluated attractiveness and other impressions of unfamiliar female faces in a total of seven skin reflection conditions. These conditions incorporated three types of reflection (i.e. radiant, oily and shiny, and matte) and three positions of the reflection on the face (i.e. entire facial skin, only cheeks, and only T‐zone).ResultsThe facial images of radiance on entire faces were rated as appearing younger than the facial images of oily shine on entire faces and the matte faces. Attractiveness ratings and other positive impressions increased in the order of the matte (ranked lowest), the oily shine on entire face, and the radiance on entire face (ranked highest) conditions. The reflection position also influenced facial attractiveness: attractiveness ratings and other positive impressions were higher in the radiance on entire face condition than in the radiant cheeks and the radiant T‐zone conditions. Interestingly, the radiant cheek faces were rated more radiant and healthier but less feminine and less bright than the radiant T‐zone faces.ConclusionThese results suggest that facial radiance enhances facial attractiveness and conveys a wide variety of positive impressions on the observer. The magnitude of the effects of cheek radiance and T‐zone radiance differs across various affective impressions. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that cheek and the T‐zone radiance both contribute to higher attractiveness and other positive impressions of the radiance on entire faces. We believe that our findings can contribute as a guide to the enhancement of positive facial impressions by means of skin radiance, thereby leading to a better understanding of the value of skincare and base makeup.
A comparative questionnaire study of patient complaint levels between magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler (Cavitron®) and piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers
Authors: Ikeda Yuichi , Kawada Ayako , Tanaka Daiki , Ikeda Eri , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Iwata Takanori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesUltrasonic scalers often cause an uncomfortable feeling to patients during the procedure. This study was conducted to compare patient complaint levels between magnetostrictive (M‐USSC) and piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers (P‐USSC) during supragingival scaling.MethodsThis study enrolled 82 subjects who received supportive periodontal therapy for at least 2 years. At each recall visit, probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and O’Leary plaque control record (O’PCR) were recorded. Then, supragingival scaling was performed using P‐USSC (Varios or Petit Piezo) at the first visit and M‐USSC (Cavitron) at the second visit. After each treatment, a questionnaire survey was performed using the Wong‐Baker Faces Pain Scale for six items, which included the typical complaints occurring during ultrasonic scaling.ResultsThe scores for all the six items related to patient complaints were greater for P‐USSC than for M‐USSC (p < 0.001). Patient complaints such as discomfort, pain, sound, vibration, hyperesthesia and length of treatment time were ameliorated in 74%, 65%, 80%, 67%, 57% and 53% of subjects using M‐USSC, respectively. On the other hand, only <5% of subjects showed deterioration in terms of each complaint.ConclusionThis study suggested that M‐USSC causes fewer patient complaints during supragingival scaling than P‐USSC. M‐USSC may improve patient motivation and compliance and may contribute towards achieving successful treatment outcomes. However, this result could differ depending on the shape of the tip and the insert and treatment site. Further research will be required under various conditions.
Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) leaf extracts as ingredient for the formulation of functional beverages with biological activity
Authors: Medina‐Saavedra Guadalupe Yeraldin , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés , Vargas‐Rivera Yamill , Sánchez‐Valera Oscar Valeriano , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe biological activity of mango leaf extracts from different mango varieties was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes. Leaf extract‐based beverages were formulated and evaluated for some physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties. Results indicated that the extract from 'Tommy Atkins' mango leaves had the highest total phenols content (137.08 mg of GAE g−1) and antioxidant activity (DDPH = 38.26 mg TEAC 100 g−1; ABTS = 59.13 mg TEAC 100 g−1). The beverage formulated with 20% leaf extract presented the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (38.63%) and inhibition of enzymes α‐amylase (41.9%) and α‐glucosidase (37.53%). All beverages presented a yellow hue and consumers rated it with a degree of liking between 4.8 and 7.3 according to a hedonic scale. Results showed that the biological properties of beverages could be an alternative for the control of free radicals and glucose levels.
Recommendations from paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas on breastfeeding and sugar consumption and oral hygiene in infants for the prevention of dental caries: A bibliometric review
Authors: Gomes Silva Cerqueira Aline , Baraúna Magno Marcela , Barja‐Fidalgo Fernanda , Vicente‐Gomila José , Cople Maia Lucianne , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Internet provides a plethora of information on health issues related to children's oral health.AimIdentify online recommendations of paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas (PDAAs) regarding breastfeeding practices, weaning, sugar introduction and initiating oral hygiene.DesignWebsites of PDAAs were accessed to record recommendations/questions (Q) relevant to early childhood that specifically covered issues about exclusive breastfeeding—Q1, indications of bottle feeding—Q2, when and how to start weaning—Q3 and Q4, respectively, association of breast milk and dental caries—Q5, when to start oral hygiene and how to introduce it—Q6 and Q7, respectively, and guidance on the introduction of sugar—Q8. Similarity/dissimilarity frequencies between the associations (Euclidean distances) were calculated.ResultsFrom 35 countries on the two American continents, 21 associations were affiliated with the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry and/or the Latin American Pediatric Dentistry Association, whereas eight did not have websites. Higher (P < .05) dissimilarities for Q6 (68.2%), Q7 (72.7%), and Q8 (62.1%) were observed. Results were similar for Q1 and Q5 (P > .05). No association mentioned Q2, Q3 or Q4 responses, whereas Q7 was the most frequently discussed issue.ConclusionNot all of the investigated issues are mentioned on websites of PDAAs, potentially stymieing efforts by both the layperson and health professional to gather information.
Dental pain, parental SARS‐CoV‐2 fear and distress on quality of life of 2 to 6 year‐old children during COVID‐19
Authors: Samuel Srinivasan R. , Kuduruthullah Syed , Khair Al Moutassem B. , Shayeb Maher Al , Elkaseh Abed , Varma Sudhir R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has crippled life, families and oral healthcare delivery in India due to nationwide lockdown.AimThrough cross‐sectional design, we investigated the impact of child's dental pain, caregiver's fear of SARS‐CoV‐2 and parental distress on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQOL) of preschoolers during the nationwide COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown.DesignPreschool children self‐reported their pain using Pieces of Hurt scale; caregiver SARS‐CoV‐2 fear was assessed using Fear of COVID‐19 scale and parental distress evaluated using 4‐item scale. Child's oral health was assessed using the dmft index and OHRQOL evaluated using early childhood oral health impact scale. Bivariate, multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors; statistical significance was set at 5%.ResultsSample mean age was 4.58 years, and about 69% were boys. Children reporting higher pain scores (OR = 1.9) due to decayed teeth and having dmft > 5 (OR = 4.25), followed by greater parental distress (OR = 4.13) and fear of SARS‐CoV‐2 (OR = 3.84), were significantly associated with poor OHRQOL during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsGreater parental distress and fear of COVID‐19 among caregivers, higher self‐perceived dental pain among children and caries experience are associated with poor OHRQOL of preschool children during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Benefits of the application of heat and pressure on peripheral venous cannulation in adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simón‐López Leticia Carmen , Luquero‐Bueno Sergio , Ovejero‐Benito María C. , Cuesta‐Lozano Daniel , Goodman‐Casanova Jessica Marian , Vargas‐Castrillón Emilio , Mazarro Dolores Ochoa , De Miguel‐Cáceres Alejandro , Posada‐Moreno Paloma , Zaragoza‐García Ignacio , Ortuño‐Soriano Ismael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of the application of topical heat, high pressure or a combination of both on antebrachial venous cannulation.DesignA cross‐over clinical trial blinded for haemolysis analysis.MethodsThis cross‐over clinical trial with two periods was performed in the Clinical Trial Unit of Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Madrid) during June–July of 2017 in 59 healthy adults who were randomly allocated to one of three interventions: (1) Using dry topical heat for 7 min produced by two hot seed bags (N = 21), (2) Applying controlled pressure from a sphygmomanometer inflated to 100 mmHg (N = 18) and (3) combining heat and pressure (N = 20) in one period out of two. All interventions were contrasted to standard clinical practice in the other period. The comparator involved a standard tourniquet around the upper arm to restrict venous blood flow. The primary outcome was effectiveness measured as vein cannulation at first attempt. Secondary outcomes were vein perception, pain, haemolysis in blood samples and adverse events.ResultsAll the interventions were more effective than comparator. Vein perception was optimized in about all individuals. Moreover, pain relief was significantly higher when high pressure was applied. Haemolysis was not affected in any of the three interventions. In addition, no serious adverse events appeared.ConclusionHigh pressure is determined to be the most effective in vein catheterization, pain relief, vein perception and quality of blood sample inalterability. Moreover, it is safe considering that only one adverse event appeared.ImpactVein cannulation is a very common invasive technique, where repeated failures have been registered. Thus, we consider it relevant to develop interventions to achieve venous catheterization at first attempt to alleviate the pain and anxiety associated with this technique. We advocate using high pressure intervention for emergency, due to swiftest method and feasible in case of lacking resources, such as sphygmomanometers in the ambulance.Interventions can be extrapolated to healthy young adults, adults and patients who have healthy vein status perception. Pressure intervention could be an alternative to heat intervention when performing vein cannulation due to its lower risk of transient paresthesia for older people who often suffer from arterial hypertension.
A Practice‐Focused Case for Animal Moral Agency
Authors: Behdadi Dorna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsiderations of nonhuman animal moral agency typically base their reasoning and (very often negative) verdict on a capacity‐focused approach to moral agency. According to this approach, an entity is a moral agent if it has certain intrapersonal features or capacities, typically in terms of conscious reflection and deliberation. According to a practice‐focused notion of moral agency, however, an entity is a moral agent in virtue of being a participant of a moral responsibility practice (MRP). I argue that a practice‐focused approach to moral agency, combined with empirical evidence from research on canid social play and cognition, with support from The Function Argument, makes the notion of nonhuman animal moral agency more likely than usually indicated. However, the support is not absolute, as the practice‐focused approach itself may be put into question. I describe how this objection prompts us to critically assess any empirical, metaethical, or normative assumptions on these matters. These questions, in turn, raise a number of further questions of how we should conceive of, use, and evaluate whatever standards of moral agency we adopt.
Factors facilitating or hindering meaningful staff–client interactions in people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour: A systematic mixed studies review using thematic synthesis
Authors: Simons M.A.G. , Koordeman R. , Willems A.P.A.M. , Hermsen M. , Rooijackers L.M. , Otten R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInteractions with professional caregivers affect the quality of support and life of people with intellectual disabilities and contribute to the occurrence of challenging behaviour. The present literature review provides an overview of factors facilitating or hindering meaningful staff–client interactions in people with borderline to profound intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour.MethodDatabase searches, reference list and citation screening, and expert consultations were undertaken. A thematic synthesis of 28 studies was performed.ResultsFactors were identified at the client (i.e. behaviour, emotions and (dis)abilities), staff (i.e. interactive principles, knowledge, psychological resources, attributions, attitudes and (coping with) emotions) and context levels (i.e. group size, team and organization).ConclusionsThe present overview provides insights into factors that facilitate or hinder meaningful staff–client interactions with people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. The results support the need to combine client, staff and contextual factors when considering staff–client interactions in research and practice.
Escaped bait: Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas with an intentionally attached harness rig
Authors: Gardiner Jayne M. , Wiley Tonya R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 193 cm total length female bull shark Carcharhinus leucas was captured in Florida bearing intentionally attached materials which resembled a harness. Harness‐type live bait rigs are commonly used for small baitfish; some anglers use such devices with small sharks when targeting large sharks and bony fish. Biofouling on the apparatus and the extent of the injuries indicated the material had likely been on the shark for several years. This case highlights the dangers of using these types of devices on juveniles of long‐lived species that attain a large body size.
Recombinant viral proteins delivered orally through inactivated bacterial cells induce protection in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against White Tail Disease
Authors: NaveenKumar Singaiah , Rai Praveen , Karunasagar Indrani , Karunasagar Iddya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhite tail disease (WTD) is a disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) with the potential to devastate the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to explore the possible protection of M. rosenbergii against the disease by oral administration of bacterially expressed recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV. Juvenile M. rosenbergii were fed with the feed coated with inactivated bacteria encapsulated expressed recombinant viral proteins either individually or in combination for 7 days. Challenge studies using WTD causing agents were carried out after 3 (group I), 10 (group II) and 20 (group III) days post‐feeding of viral proteins. Recombinant capsid protein of MrNV showed better protection when compared to other treatments with relative per cent survival of 62.5% (group I), 57.9% (group II) and 39.5% (group III). Treatment controls of groups I, II and III showed 100%, 95% and 95% mortality, respectively. The study demonstrates that oral administration of recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV provides effective protection against WTD in freshwater prawn.
Lenvatinib is independently associated with the reduced risk of progressive disease when compared with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Soojin , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Do Young , Kim Seung Up 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsRecently, lenvatinib demonstrated non‐inferiority to sorafenib in terms of overall survival (OS) in a randomized phase III study that was conducted at 154 sites in 20 countries. Here, we investigated treatment outcomes and safety of lenvatinib compared with sorafenib and identified independent predictors of poor outcomes, including shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) and OS in Korean patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients with advanced HCC treated with lenvatinib or sorafenib at Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine between October 2018 to October 2019 were considered eligible. Response evaluation was performed according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.ResultsThe lenvatinib arm had a significantly lower proportion of patients who received prior anti‐HCC treatments (47.7% vs 78.7%; P < 0.001) than those in the sorafenib arm. Univariate analysis showed that ECOG 1 (vs 0), serum albumin, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), previous anti‐HCC treatments, and lenvatinib (vs sorafenib) were significant predictors of progressive disease (all P < 0.05). In the subsequent multivariate analysis, ECOG 1 (vs 0) (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.721, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.371–16.259; P = 0.014), higher AFP level (HR = 1.000, 95% CI 1.000–1.000; P = 0.015), and lenvatinib treatment (vs sorafenib) (HR = 0.461, 95% CI 0.264–0.804; P = 0.006) independently predicted a higher probability of progressive disease.ConclusionsPatients treated with lenvatinib demonstrated significantly longer PFS than those treated with sorafenib. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in mortality rates between the two groups, which indicated that lenvatinib is non‐inferior to sorafenib in terms of OS.
Assessing and Addressing Family Caregivers' Needs and Risks in Primary Care
Authors: Riffin Catherine , Wolff Jennifer L. , Pillemer Karl A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize current practices, barriers, and facilitators to assessing and addressing family caregivers' needs and risks in primary care.DesignCross‐sectional, national mail‐based survey.SettingAmerican Medical Association Masterfile database.ParticipantsU.S. primary care physicians (N = 106), including general internists (n = 44) and geriatricians (n = 62).MeasurementsApproaches to assessing and addressing family caregivers' needs and risks; barriers and facilitators to conducting caregiver assessments.ResultsFew respondents reported conducting a formal caregiver assessment using a standardized instrument in the past year (10.5%). Informal, unstructured discussions about caregivers' needs and risks were common and encompassed a range of issues, most frequently caregivers' management of patients' safety (41.0%), ability to provide assistance (40.0%), and need for support (40.0%). To address caregiver needs, most respondents endorsed referring patients to services (e.g., adult day care, home care) (69.8%), assessing the appropriateness of the patient's living situation (67.9%), and referring caregivers to community agencies (63.2%). Lack of time was the most frequently cited barrier to assessing caregivers' needs (81.1%). The most commonly endorsed facilitators were access to better referral options (67.0%) and easier referral mechanisms (65.1%). Practice patterns, barriers, and facilitators to caregiver assessment did not differ by physician type.ConclusionsPrimary care physicians use informal, unstructured discussions rather than standardized instruments to assess caregivers' needs and risks. There is heterogeneity in the topics discussed and types of referrals made. Findings indicate the lack of translation of caregiver assessment tools from research to practice.
Cognitively Impaired Older Persons' and Caregivers' Perspectives on Dementia‐Specific Advance Care Planning
Authors: Fried Terri R. , Cohen Andrew B. , Harris Joanna E. , Moreines Laura 
Published: November 2020

Background/ObjectivesAdvance care planning (ACP) traditionally involves asking individuals about their treatment preferences during a brief period of incapacity near the end of life. Because dementia leads to prolonged incapacity, with many decisions arising before a terminal event, it has been suggested that dementia‐specific ACP is necessary. We sought to elicit the perspectives of older adults with early cognitive impairment and their caregivers on traditional and dementia‐specific ACP.DesignQualitative study with separate focus groups for patients and caregivers.SettingMemory disorder clinics.ParticipantsTwenty eight persons aged 65+ with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia and 19 caregivers.MeasurementsUnderstanding of dementia trajectory and types of planning done; how medical decisions would be made in the future; thoughts about these decisions.ResultsNo participants had engaged in any written form of dementia‐specific planning. Barriers to dementia‐specific ACP emerged, including lack of knowledge about the expected trajectory of dementia and potential medical decisions, the need to stay focused in the present because of fear of loss of self, disinterest in planning because the patient will not be aware of decisions, and the expectation that involved family members would take care of issues. Some patients had trouble engaging in the discussion. Patients had highly variable views on what the quality of their future life would be and on the leeway their surrogates should have in decision making.ConclusionsEven among patients with early cognitive impairment seen in specialty clinics and their caregivers, most were unaware of the decisions they could face, and there were many barriers to planning for these decisions. These issues would likely be magnified in more representative populations, and highlight challenges to the use of dementia‐specific advance directive documents.