bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Increasing Role and Value of the Professional Case Manager
Authors: Tahan Hussein M. , Kurland MaryBeth , Baker Michelle 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of the national role and function study was to identify the essential activities and necessary knowledge areas for effective professional case management practice from the perspective of those currently functioning in such roles in various care settings and across diverse professional disciplines.

Primary Practice Settings:
The national study covered the diverse case management practices and/or work settings across the full continuum of health and human services.

Methodology and Sample:
This cross-sectional descriptive study used the practice analysis method and online survey research design. It employed a purposive sample of case managers, in which an open participation link was e-mailed to nearly 60,000 case managers, both certified and not yet certified. A total of 5,416 responses were received, of which 2,810 were found to be acceptable for consideration in the study. A representative group of individuals engaged in case management completed the survey in sufficient numbers to meet the requirements for conducting meaningful statistical analyses including subgroup comparisons.

Results:
The study identified the common activities (6 domains) and knowledge areas (5 domains) necessary for competent and effective performance by professional case managers, as highlighted in this article, which is the first of a 2-part series on the 2019 role and function study. The results informed the needed update of the test specifications for the Certified Case Manager (CCM) certification examination, as will be delineated in Part II of this article series. The update was necessary because case management practice has continued to evolve and to ensure the examination reflects current practices.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
The study identified essential activities and knowledge topics at both the micro- and macro levels that define competent and effective professional case management practice, also referred to as the substantive evidence of practice. It helps keep the CCM credentialing examination evidence-based and maintain its validity for evaluating the competency of professional case managers. In addition, the findings document how the practice has evolved over the past 5 years since the conduct of the last national study. Moreover, findings inform the development of programs and curricula for the training and advancement of case managers. The study instrument also is beneficial for further research into professional case management practice—most importantly linking the roles and functions of case managers to client care outcomes.
Lymphocytic Vasculitis Associated With Mild Rejection in a Vascularized Composite Allograft Recipient: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Roy Simon F. , Krishnan Vimal , Trinh Vincent Quoc-Huy , Collette Suzon , Dufresne Simon F. , Borsuk Daniel E. , Désy Delphine 
Published: April 2020

Background.
Histologic criteria for diagnosing acute rejection in vascularized composite tissue allograft (VCA) have been established by the Banff 2007 Working Classification of Skin-Containing Composite Tissue Allograft, but the role of early vascular lesions in graft rejection warrants additional analysis.

Methods.
We performed a retrospective study of 34 skin biopsies performed over 430 d for rejection surveillance, in Canada’s first face allotransplant recipient. Three observers reviewed all biopsies to assess the nature and intensity of the inflammatory skin infiltrate. A complete histological and immunohistochemical review of the vascular components was performed with a focus on lymphocytic vasculitis, intravascular fibrin, vessel caliber, extent of injury, C4d positivity, and inflammatory cell phenotyping. We then correlated these data points to clinical and immunosuppression parameters.

Results.
Acute vascular damage in biopsies that would be classified as mild acute rejection correlates with troughs in immunosuppression and subsides when immunosuppressive tacrolimus doses are increased. Grade 0 Banff rejection and Grade I without lymphocytic vasculitis were almost indistinguishable, whereas Grade I with lymphocytic vasculitis was an easy and reproducible histologic finding.

Conclusions.
Our results highlight the possible relevance of vascular injury in the context of VCA, as its presence might underlie a more aggressive form of immune rejection. If these findings are validated in other VCA patients, vascular injury in mild rejection might warrant a different clinical approach.
Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Single-Institution Study of 32 Patients
Authors: Brune Anthony J. , Girgla Taania , Trobe Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Because there are no head-to-head studies of the efficacy of surgical options in the treatment of medically-intractable idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), procedure selection is often based on expected complications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion by shunting has been reported to have a 23%–67% rate of shunt failure. But these figures derive from small cohorts or studies that do not separate the complication rates of the different shunt options—ventriculoperitoneal (VP), lumboperitoneal (LP), and ventriculoatrial (VA). The complication rate of LP shunts seems to be higher than that for VP shunts, the procedure currently in widest use. Our experience with VP shunts for IIH over the past decades suggests that the complication rate for that option is lower than reported series would suggest.

Methods:
Retrospective single-institutional study using a search engine that finds all text mentions of particular terms. We searched for the terms (“IIH” OR “Idiopathic intracranial hypertension” OR “PTC OR “pseudotumor”) AND (“VP Shunt” OR “ventriculoperitoneal”) over the period 1998 to 2018. From 490 “hits,” only 32 patients met entry criteria: diagnosis of IIH confirmed at our institution, including examination in a neuro-ophthalmology clinic showing papilledema, elevated opening pressure on lumbar puncture or a consistently elevated intraparenchymal pressure on Codman intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, neuroimaging and CSF studies consistent with a diagnosis of IIH, and at least 1 year of follow-up in our neuro-ophthalmology or neurosurgery clinics.

Results:
Shunt failures occurred in 6 (18.7%) of 32 patients, which included elevated ICP due to obstruction or discontinuity of the shunt, over-drainage, infection of the shunt system, or intractable abdominal pain or infection. None of these failures caused permanent worsening of vision, neurologic morbidity, or death. But they entailed considerable medical care. Placement of VP shunts also aroused patient fear of complications, precipitating 38 emergency visits in 14 patients for “false alarms.”

Conclusions:
In this series of 32 patients, the largest retrospective study of VP shunts for IIH, there was an 18.7% failure rate, lower than previously published smaller series have disclosed. But among patients who suffered complications, a saga of intensive medical care often occurred. Placement of the shunt also aroused patient fear of complications, leading to many medical encounters required to rule out complications.
Use of En Face Optical Coherence Tomography to Monitor Papilledema in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Pilot Study
Authors: Carey Andrew R. , Bosley Thomas M. , Miller Neil R. , McCulley Timothy J. , Henderson Amanda D. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses the data acquired during OCT of the optic disc, which typically is used to determine measurements of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (ppRNFL), to generate a coronal composite fundus image rather than a cross-sectional image. En face OCT has been reported to identify retinal changes related to papilledema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) but has not been evaluated for monitoring papilledema. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of en face OCT for monitoring papilledema.

Methods:
Using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R), these measurements were compared with ppRNFL thickness as well as average diameter and estimated area. Four fellowship-trained neuro-ophthalmologists were asked to qualitatively rank en face images by the area of optic disc edema while masked from all other clinical data. Rankings were compared with ppRNFL thickness as a gold standard and with en face OCT characteristics using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R).

Results:
Experts were able to correctly identify an increase in average ppRNFL thickness >10 µm with a mean (SD) of 91% (±7%) accuracy. A ranking error among experts corresponded to a mean (standard error) change in the ppRNFL thickness of 6 (±6) µm. The mean Pearson correlation coefficient by the area of disc edema among experts was 0.92 (±0.13).

Conclusions:
Multiple objective parameters of en face OCT of optic disc edema have an excellent correlation with ppRNFL thickness. These results suggest that en face OCT is a valid clinical tool for monitoring papilledema in IIH.
Unmasking Anxiety in Autism: Explicit and Implicit Threatening Face Stimuli Dissociate Amygdala-centered Functional Connectivity
Authors: Chen Yu-Chun , Chen Chenyi , Martínez Róger Marcelo , Fan Yang-Tang , Liu Chia-Chien , Cheng Yawei 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnxiety is the most prevalent comorbidity in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Amygdala reactivity to explicit and implicit threat processing is predictive of anxiety-related symptomatology. The neural mechanisms underlying the link between anxiety and ASD remains elusive.MethodsIn this fMRI study, we recruited young adults with ASD (N = 31) and matched them with controls, then proceeded to assess their autistic and anxiety traits by the use of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), respectively; and scanned their hemodynamic responses, including amygdala, in response to explicit and implicit (backwardly masked) perception of threatening faces.ResultsAs compared to controls, the amygdala reactivity in ASD subjects was significantly lower to explicit threat, but comparable for implicit threat. The correlations of the amygdala reactivity with the AQ and STAI-S were dissociated depending on threat processing (explicit or implicit). Furthermore, the amygdala in ASD relative to controls had a more negative functional connectivity with the superior parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and hippocampus for explicit threat, whereas a more positive connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex, temporal pole, and hippocampus for implicit threat.ConclusionIn ASD, the transmission of socially relevant information along dorsal and ventral neural pathways centered on the amygdala is dissociated depending on explicit and implicit threat processing. This dissociation, ascribed to their failure to compromise pre-existing hyperarousal, might contribute to anxiety in ASD.
The potential of low molecular weight heparin to mitigate cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Shi Chen , Wang Cong , Wang Hanxiang , Yang Chao , Cai Fei , Zeng Fang , Cheng Fang , Liu Yihui , Zhou Taotao , Deng Bin , Vlodavsky Israel , Li Jin-Ping , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. However, specific antiviral drugs are still unavailable, and pateints are managed by multiple complementary treatments.MethodsThe electronic medical records of COVID-19 patients where basic information, complete blood count, coagulation profile, inflammatory cytokines and serum biochemical indicators in 42 patients with COVID-19 (21 of whom were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and 21 without LMWH) that were retrospectively analyzed to compare and evaluate the effect of LMWH treatment on disease progression.Findings42 patients with COVID-19 treated at the hospital between February 1 and March 15, 2020, were selected for the study, of which 21 underwent LMWH treatment (LMWH group), and 21 did not (Control), during hospitalization. Changes in the percentage of lymphocytes in the LMWH group before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (11·10±9·50 vs. 3·08±9·66,p=0·011, respectively). Changes in the levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in the LMWH group before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (-2·85±3·90, -0·05±0.85,p=0·002; -9·05±13·14, -1·78±3·15,p=0·035). Strikingly, in the LMWH group, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced after LMWH treatment (47·47±58·86, 15·76±25·71,p=0·006). Besides, the changes in IL-6 levels in the LMWH group before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (-32·46±65·97, 14·96±151·09,p=0·031).InterpretationLMWH improves the coagulation dysfunction of COVID-19 patients and exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing IL-6 and increasing lymphocyte %. It appears that LMWH can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19, paving the way for a subsequent well-controlled clinical trial.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81603037 to SC) and the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0909900).
Combined prophylactic and therapeutic use maximizes hydroxychloroquine anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectsin vitro
Authors: Clementi Nicola , Criscuolo Elena , Diotti Roberta Antonia , Ferrarese Roberto , Castelli Matteo , Burioni Roberto , Clementi Massimo , Mancini Nicasio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is hardly hitting the world, it is of extreme importance that significantin vitroobservations guide the quick set up of clinical trials. In this study, we evidence that the anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of a clinically achievable hydroxychloroquine concentration is maximized only when administered before and after the infection of Vero E6 cells. This strongly suggests that only a combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine may be effective in limiting viral replication in patients.
Stochastic Compartmental Modelling of SARS-CoV-2 with Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Chandra Vedant 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn this proof-of-concept study, we model the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in various environments with a stochastic susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) compartmental model. We fit this model to the latest epidemic data with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) technique. Within this SIR-ABC framework, we extrapolate long-term infection curves for several regions and evaluate their steepness. We propose several applications and extensions of the SIR-ABC technique.
Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Li Yan , Jin Xuelian , Huang Jiangping , Liu Xin , Qian Ying , Tan Jindong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown up to be a pandemic within a short span of time. To investigate transmission dynamics and then determine control methodology, we took epidemic in Wuhan as a study case. Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. To solve this problem, we propose a novel epidemic model called SEIR-HC, which is a novel epidemic model with two different social circles. Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. Furthermore, the control measures implemented in Wuhan are assessed and the control methodology of COVID-19 is discussed to provide guidance for limiting the epidemic spread.
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARS-coronavirus-2
Authors: Shi Jianzhong , Wen Zhiyuan , Zhong Gongxun , Yang Huanliang , Wang Chong , Liu Renqiang , He Xijun , Shuai Lei , Sun Ziruo , Zhao Yubo , Liang Libin , Cui Pengfei , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Xianfeng , Guan Yuntao , Chen Hualan , Bu Zhigao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the infectious disease COVID-19, which was first reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. Despite the tremendous efforts to control the disease, COVID-19 has now spread to over 100 countries and caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in bats; however, the intermediate animal sources of the virus are completely unknown. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and animals in close contact with humans to SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but efficiently in ferrets and cats. We found that the virus transmits in cats via respiratory droplets. Our study provides important insights into the animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 and animal management for COVID-19 control.
A2E induces the transactivation of RARs, PPARs and RXRs and its effects are counteracted by norbixin in retinal pigment epithelium cellsin vitro
Authors: Fontaine Valérie , Fournié Mylène , Monteiro Elodie , Boumedine Thinhinane , Balducci Christine , Guibout Louis , Latil Mathilde , Dilda Pierre J. , Sahel José-Alain , Veillet Stanislas , Lafont René , Camelo Serge 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTN-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) plays a central role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by inducing apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It has been proposed that A2E effects are mediated at least partly via the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α. Here we show that A2E binds and transactivates not only RARs, but also peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Norbixin, which protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against apoptosis induced by combined blue light illumination and A2E exposure, is also a ligand of these nuclear receptors (NRs) but does not induce their transactivation. Norbixin inhibits RXRs and PPARs but enhances RARs transactivation induced by A2E. Norbixin also inhibits PPAR-γ transactivation induced by its high affinity ligand troglitazone. Photoprotection of RPE cells by norbixin correlates with maintained levels of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein. Moreover, norbixin reduces protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transactivation, and the mRNA expression of the inflammatory interleukins (IL) 6 and 8 and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are enhanced by A2E. By contrast, norbixin increases matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA expression but has neither effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, nor on IL-18 mRNA expression in response to A2E. Altogether, we show for the first time that A2E deleterious biological effects appear to be mediated through RARs, PPARs and RXRs. Moreover, we report that the modulation of these NRs by norbixin may open new avenues for the treatment of AMD.
Mechanism of auxin and GA crosstalk in diploid strawberry fruit initiation
Authors: Zhou Junhui , Sittmann John , Guo Lei , Huang Xiaolong , Pulapaka Anuhya , Liu Zhongchi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStrawberry, a high value fruit crop, has recently become amenable for genetic studies due to genomic resources and CRISPR/CAS9 tools. Unlike ovary-derived botanical fruits, strawberry is an accessory fruit derived from receptacle, the stem tip subtending floral organs. Although both botanical and accessory fruits initiate development in response to auxin and GA released from seeds, the downstream auxin and GA signaling mechanisms underlying accessory fruit development remain unknown. Using wild strawberry, we performed in depth molecular characterizations of accessory fruit development. We show that auxin signaling proteins FveARF8/FveARF6 are bound and hence inhibited by FveIAA4 and FveRGA1, repressors in auxin and GA signaling pathways. This inhibition is relieved post-fertilization or by the application of GA or auxin. Mutants ofFveRGA1developed parthenocarpic fruit suggesting a conserved function of DELLA proteins in fruit set. Further, FveARF8 was found to repress the expression of a GA receptor gene GID1c to control fruit’s sensitivity to GA, revealing a novel crosstalk mechanism. We demonstrate that consensus co-expression network provides a powerful tool for non-model species in the selection of interacting genes for functional studies. These findings will facilitate the improvement of strawberry fruit productivity and quality by guiding future production of parthenocarpic fruit.One sentence summaryGenome editing and network analysis are applied to investigating the mechanism of accessory fruit initiation in the wild strawberry, revealing conserved as well as novel crosstalk mechanisms.The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Zhongchi Liu (zliu@umd.edu)
Nuclease-mediated depletion biases in ribosome footprint profiling libraries
Authors: Zinshteyn Boris , Wangen Jamie R , Hua Boyang , Green Rachel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRibosome footprint profiling is a high throughput sequencing based technique that provides detailed and global views of translation in living cells. An essential part of this technology is removal of unwanted, normally very abundant, ribosomal RNA sequences that dominate libraries and increase sequencing costs. The most effective commercial solution (Ribo-Zero) has been discontinued and a number of new, experimentally distinct commercial applications have emerged on the market. Here we evaluated several commercially available alternatives designed for RNA-seq of human samples and find them unsuitable for ribosome footprint profiling. We instead recommend the use of custom-designed biotinylated oligos, which were widely used in early ribosome profiling studies. Importantly, we warn that depletion solutions based on targeted nuclease cleavage significantly perturb the high-resolution information that can be derived from the data, and thus do not recommend their use for any applications that require precise determination of the ends of RNA fragments.