bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid response and learning for later: establishing high quality information networks and evaluation frameworks for the National Ambulance Service response to COVID-19 – the ENCORE COVID Project Protocol
Authors: Masterson Siobhán , Heffernan Eithne , Keegan Dylan , Clarke Bridget , Deasy Conor , O'Donnell Cathal , Crowley Philip , Breen Roisin , Kelly Maureen E , Murphy Andrew W 
Published: September 2020

Background: The National Ambulance Service (NAS) is at the forefront of Ireland’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As directed in Ireland’s National Action Plan, NAS significantly expanded prehospital services, including provision of a novel home and community COVID-19 testing service. Additionally, other health services rely on NAS’s capacity to assess, transport and/or treat COVID-19 patients. In a climate of innovation and adaptation, NAS needs to learn from international ambulance services and share experience. Evaluation of the NAS response to COVID-19 is required to facilitate evidence-based planning for subsequent waves or future pandemics, and to identify innovative practice for mainstreaming into routine service provision. Aims: This project aims to provide information networks and evaluation tools that will help NAS meet these requirements. Methods: The first aim will be to produce ambulance-specific research and information updates for NAS. Secondly, an international network of senior ambulance and research personnel will be established (‘AMBULANCE+COVID19’ network) and a short-survey instrument, the Emergency Medical Services Five Question Survey (EMS-5QS), will be developed. The EMS-5QS will enable AMBULANCE+COVID19 participants to nominate a topic for which they would like to hear about the experience and practice of other ambulance services. Multiple surveys covering a range of topics will be carried out. Finally, an evaluation framework will be developed to enable NAS determine innovations: (1) for reactivation in another wave or new pandemic; (2) to be sustained as part of routine service. The framework will be developed in collaboration with NAS and the Health Service Executive National Quality Improvement Team. The Research Team includes expertise from academia, ambulance services and the National Public Health Emergency Team. Conclusions: Ability to mobilise resources quickly and utilise ready-made international networks will ensure a successful project than can inform future information sharing methodologies and pandemic planning for ambulance services internationally.
Tracking online searches for emotional wellbeing concerns and coping strategies in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Google Trends analysis
Authors: Knipe Duleeka , Evans Hannah , Sinyor Mark , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Gunnell David , John Ann 
Published: September 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest acute public health emergency of this century. Government intervention to contain the virus focuses on non-pharmacological approaches such as physical distancing/lockdown (stay-at-home orders). As the situation develops, the impact of these measures on mental health and coping strategies in individuals and the population is unknown. Methods: We used Google Trends data (01 Jan 2020 to 09 Jun 2020) to explore the changing pattern of public concern in the UK to government measures as indexed by changes in search frequency for topics related to mental distress as well as coping and resilience. We explored the changes of specific topics in relation to key dates during the pandemic. In addition, we examined terms whose search frequency increased most. Results: Following lockdown, public concerns - as indexed by relative search trends - were directly related to COVID-19 and practicalities such as ‘furlough’ (paid leave scheme for people in employment) in response to the pandemic. Over time, searches with the most substantial growth were no longer directly or indirectly related to COVID-19. In contrast to relatively stable rates of searches related to mental distress, the topics that demonstrated a sustained increase were those associated with coping and resilience such as exercise and learning new skills. Conclusions: Google Trends is an expansive dataset which enables the investigation of population-level search activity as a proxy for public concerns. It has potential to enable policy makers to respond in real time to promote adaptive behaviours and deliver appropriate support.
Design and Test of a Double-Curved Guiding Groove for a High-Speed Precision Seed-Metering Device
Authors: Xue Pan , Hao Yujun , Jiao Wan , Ren Jie , Yang Feifei , Ren Di , Zhang Wenhui , Rong Hao , Hu Bin , Huang Yuxiang 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsThe instability of the seed release point in a seed-metering device is proved theoretically.A double-curved guiding groove at the seed-release point improves the seed-metering uniformity.A discrete element model was used to examine effects of the design parameters on the metering performance.The critical parameters for the double-curved guiding groove design were determined.Abstract. The instability of the seed release point in a seed-metering device is one of the main causes of the non-uniformity of seed spacing. To improve the seed spacing uniformity, a double-curved guiding groove (DGG) was designed based on the prerelease adaptive principle. The DGG was used at the seed release point of an existing high-speed precision soybean seed-metering device with a double-setting plate. The results showed that the prerelease curved surface of the DGG was capable of guiding seeds to be released at the same seed release point at all times, and the adaptive curved surface of the DGG prevented any changes in seed velocity caused by friction or collisions between seeds and the meter, thereby improving the seed spacing uniformity significantly. A discrete element model was developed and validated with laboratory tests. Through simulations using the model, the primary and secondary factors of the DGG impacting the qualified rate of seed metering (QRM) and the coefficient of variation of the seed spacing uniformity (CVU) were identified and were, in descending order, the spacing of prerelease (SPR), the starting position of prerelease (SPP), the inclination angle of the seed outlet (ASO), and the inclination angle of the receiving cup (ABR). Regression equations of the QRM and CVU with the two main impacting factors were then established. For a planter travel speed of 10 km h-1, the optimal SPR was 10 mm, and the optimal SPP was 40°, where the QRM was 100% and the CVU was 16.61%. When compared to seed metering without the DGG, the CVU was reduced by 2.55%, showing that the DGG significantly improved the uniformity of seed spacing. Keywords: Double-curved guiding groove, Discrete element method, Seed-metering device, Travel speed, Uniformity.
Evaluation of Two Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Prediction of Irrigation Rate and Timing
Authors: Jiménez Andrés F. , Ortiz Brenda V. , Bondesan Luca , Morata Guilherme , Damianidis Damianos 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsNARX and LSTM recurrent neural networks were evaluated for prediction of irrigation prescriptions.LSTM neural networks presented the best performance for irrigation scheduling using soil matric potential sensors.NARX neural networks had the best performance for predicting irrigation prescriptions using weather data.High performance for several time-ahead predictions using both recurrent neural networks, with R2 &gt; 0.94.The results can be adopted as a decision-support tool in irrigation scheduling for fields with different types of soils.Abstract. The implementation of adequate irrigation strategies could be done through real-time monitoring of soil water status at several soil depths; however, this could also represent a complex nonlinear problem due to the plant-soil-weather relationships. In this study, two recurrent neural network (RNN) models were evaluated to estimate irrigation prescriptions. Data for this study were collected from an on-farm corn irrigation study conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Samson, Alabama. The study used hourly data of weather and soil matric potential (SMP) monitored at three soil depths from 13 sensor probes installed on a loamy fine sand soil and a sandy clay loam soil. Two neural network methods, i.e., a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous (NARX) input system and long short-term memory (LSTM), were trained, validated, and tested with a maximum dataset of 20,052 records and a maximum of eight categorical attributes to estimate one-step irrigation prescriptions. The performance of both methods was evaluated by varying the model development parameters (neurons or blocks, dropout, and epochs) and determining their impact on the final model prediction. Results showed that both RNN models demonstrated good capability in the prediction of irrigation prescriptions for the soil types studied, with a coefficient of determination (R2) &gt; 0.94 and root mean square error (RMSE) &lt; 1.2 mm. The results of this study indicate that after training the RNNs using the dataset collected in the field, models using only SMP sensors at three soil depths obtained the best performance, followed by models that used only data of solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity in the prediction of irrigation prescriptions. For future applicability, the RNN models can be extended using datasets from other places for training, which would allow the adoption of a unique data-driven soil moisture model for irrigation scheduling useful in a wide range of soil types. Keywords: Corn, Irrigation scheduling, Machine learning, Modeling, Soil matric potential sensor.
Moving toward Sustainable Irrigation in a Southern Idaho Irrigation Project
Authors: Bjorneberg David L. , Ippolito James A. , King Bradley A. , Nouwakpo S. Kossi , Koehn Anita C. 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsPrivate and public irrigation development was important for expanding agricultural production in the western U.S.The Twin Falls Canal Company is an excellent example of a successful Carey Act project.Cooperative efforts during the last 30 years have dramatically improved the water quality of irrigation return flow.Electricity generated by six hydroelectric facilities improves the sustainability of the irrigation project.Abstract. Private and public irrigation development projects were fundamental to bringing irrigation to arid regions of the western U.S. The Twin Falls Canal Company in southern Idaho provides a case study of private and public irrigation development because the project was developed by private investors under the Carey Act and receives a portion of its irrigation water supply from U.S. Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs. The project survived initial financial struggles and waterlogged soil to focus on sustaining crop production by reducing chronic furrow irrigation erosion and nutrient losses in irrigation return flow. Average sediment loss from the project was 460 kg ha-1 in 1970. A cooperative effort by the canal company, state and federal agencies, and farmers improved water quality by installing sediment ponds on fields, applying polyacrylamide with furrow irrigation, converting from furrow to sprinkler irrigation, and constructing water quality ponds on irrigation return flow streams. From 2006 to 2018, more sediment and total phosphorus flowed into the watershed than returned to the Snake River, and the project removed 13,000 Mg of sediment and 30 Mg of total phosphorus from the Snake River each year. However, nitrate-N from subsurface drainage was lost at 10 kg ha-1 each year, or 800 Mg year-1, for the entire watershed. While sediment and phosphorus concentrations in irrigation return flow have decreased, these concentrations were still greater than the irrigation water, indicating that more can be done to reduce the project’s influence on water quality in the Snake River. Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sediment, Soluble salts, Water quality.
Ultra-high birefringent low loss suspended elliptical core photonic
crystal fiber for terahertz applications
Authors: Sadath Md. Anwar , Saiful Islam Mohammad , Hossain Md. Sanwar , Faisal Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a low loss suspended core microstructured fiber
with ultra-high birefringence for terahertz wave guidance. The finite
element method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer is applied to
investigate different important properties including effective
material loss (EML), birefringence, dispersion, confinement loss, and
percentage of power flow through the core. The suspended elliptical
core in the design creates asymmetry and results in an unprecedented
value of birefringence. The simulated results using FEM at 1 THz show
an extremely ultra-high birefringence (the highest, to the best of our
knowledge) of 0.1116, a nominal EML of , a negligible confinement loss of , a higher power fraction in the core
air of 35%, and an effective modal area of . The advancement in technology makes
the fabrication possible. The proposed fiber could be used
satisfactorily in the terahertz regime for various
polarization-preserving applications and coherent communication.
Numerical analysis on a viewing angle enhancement of a digital hologram by attaching a pixelated random phase mask
Authors: Choi Woo-Young , Lee Chang-Joo , Kim Bum-Su , Oh Kwan-Jung , Hong Keehoon , Choo Hyon-Gon , Park Jisun , Lee Seung-Yeol 
Published: September 2020

In a digital hologram, the maximum viewing angle of a
computer-generated hologram (CGH) is limited by pixel pitch due to the
diffraction grating equation. Since reducing pixel size of display
panel is challenging and costly, we propose a method to expand the
viewing angle of a digital hologram by attaching an aligned pixelated
random phase mask (PRPM) onto the CGH pattern based on analysis of
simulation results. By introducing a phase-averaging process to the
widely used iterative Fourier transform algorithm, an optimized CGH
pattern can be obtained in conjunction with a PRPM. Based on scalar
diffraction theory, viewing angle enhancement characteristics were
verified by comparing the perspective views of a two-plane hologram
using a virtual eye model. In addition, we performed full
electromagnetic simulations that included effects due to potential
fabrication errors such as misalignment, thickness variation, and
internal reflections and diffractions between the CGH and random mask
patterns. From the simulation results, by attaching a 1.85 µm-sized
pixel pitch PRPM to a 3.7 µm CGH, the viewing angle can be easily
expanded almost identical to that of a CGH with 1.85 µm-pixel
pitch.
Hyperbolic metamaterial-based metal–dielectric resonator-antenna designs for GHz photon collection rates from wide-range solid-state single-photon sources
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem , Akhtar Saba , Inam Faraz A. 
Published: September 2020

Solid-state single-photon sources (SPS) based on quantum dots as well as color centers in diamonds and silicon-carbide have promise for application in emerging quantum technologies. Many of these technologies, however, demand photon rates in the GHz range, thereby hindering the use of these SPS, for which the maximum observed count rates are limited to a few tens of MHz. Here we first study the performance of hyperbolic metamaterial-based 5-layered metal–dielectric resonator antenna structures with metallic as well as hybrid metal–dielectric antennas in the wavelength range of 600 to 1000 nm. The performance of these resonator-antenna structures was analyzed for the Purcell enhancement, quantum efficiency (QE), collection efficiency (CE), and normalized collected photon counts (NCPC). The hybrid metal–dielectric antenna helps in providing the directivity to the dipole emission, thereby significantly improving the collection efficiency. We then present the novel design of a 5-layered metal–dielectric pillar resonator. This resonator structure with a metallic cylindrical antenna over the top showed significantly large fluorescence enhancement values. The Purcell factor was observed to reach close to 1600 at 680 nm corresponding to the central peak of the nitrogen vacancy center spectrum. The NCPC value reached close to 550 at 680 nm. The maximum CE from the structure was observed to be around 60%, with the maximum QE reaching close to 80%. With the above performance, the detected photon count rates for a solid-state SPS is expected to be well into the GHz range. Our designs show a state-of-the-art improvement in the antenna performance for SPS with properties very close to a practical SPS.
Chirp-compensated pulsed titanium–sapphire laser system for precision spectroscopy
Authors: Hussels J. , Cheng C. , Salumbides E. J. , Ubachs W. 
Published: September 2020

Active frequency-chirp control for a narrowband pulsed titanium–sapphire laser oscillator–amplifier laser system is demonstrated using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, resulting in improved spectral resolution and stability. Beat-note measurements of its output to a continuous-wave laser locked to an optical frequency comb yields an Allan deviation of

5
×

10

−
11

(at 10 s). Correction of residual chirp from a comparison with the fourth-harmonic upconverted pulsed output to a molecular

H

2

two-photon resonance delivers a value for the uncertainty contribution due to frequency chirp below the

1.5
×

10

−
10

level.
High-quality-factor microring resonator for strong atom–light interactions using miniature atomic beams
Authors: Eshaghian Dorche Ali , Wei Bochao , Raman Chandra , Adibi Ali 
Published: September 2020

An integrated photonic platform is proposed for strong interactions between atomic beams and annealing-free high-quality-factor

(

Q
)

microresonators. We fabricated a thin-film, air-clad SiN microresonator with a loaded

Q

of

1.55
×

10
6

around the optical transition of

87

R
b

at 780 nm. This

Q

is achieved without annealing the devices at high temperatures, enabling future fully integrated platforms containing optoelectronic circuitry. The estimated single-photon Rabi frequency (2g) is

2
π
×
64

M
H
z

100 nm above the resonator. Our simulation result indicates that miniature atomic beams with a longitudinal speed of 0.2 m/s to 30 m/s will interact strongly with our resonator, allowing for the detection of single-atom transits and realization of scalable single-atom photonic devices. Interactions between racetrack resonators and thermal atomic beams are also simulated.
Dynamic polarization control for free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Huang Peng , Wang Tao , Zeng Guihua 
Published: September 2020

Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) is attractive for the establishment of future global-scale quantum networks. However, it can be quite difficult for dynamic polarization control required in continuous-variable QKD systems to work properly in the presence of channel fading. Here we propose a dynamic polarization control scheme and verify its validity via simulations and an experiment performed over a 150 m free-space channel. The results indicate the capability of the scheme to effectively control the states of polarization for free-space continuous-variable quantum communication.
High-speed dual-view band-limited illumination profilometry using temporally interlaced acquisition
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Kilcullen Patrick , Lai Yingming , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang 
Published: September 2020

We report dual-view band-limited illumination profilometry (BLIP) with temporally interlaced acquisition (TIA) for high-speed, three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Band-limited illumination based on a digital micromirror device enables sinusoidal fringe projection at up to 4.8 kHz. The fringe patterns are captured alternately by two high-speed cameras. A new algorithm, which robustly matches pixels in acquired images, recovers the object’s 3D shape. The resultant TIA–BLIP system enables 3D imaging over 1000 frames per second on a field of view (FOV) of up to 180 mm × 130 mm (corresponding to

1180
×
860

pixels

) in captured images. We demonstrated TIA–BLIP’s performance by imaging various static and fast-moving 3D objects. TIA–BLIP was applied to imaging glass vibration induced by sound and glass breakage by a hammer. Compared to existing methods in multiview phase-shifting fringe projection profilometry, TIA–BLIP eliminates information redundancy in data acquisition, which improves the 3D imaging speed and the FOV. We envision TIA–BLIP to be broadly implemented in diverse scientific studies and industrial applications.
Modeling the degradation mechanisms of AlGaN-based UV-C LEDs: from injection efficiency to mid-gap state generation
Authors: Piva F. , De Santi C. , Deki M. , Kushimoto M. , Amano H. , Tomozawa H. , Shibata N. , Meneghesso G. , Zanoni E. , Meneghini M. 
Published: September 2020

In this work, we analyze and model the effect of a constant current stress on an ultraviolet light-emitting diode with a nominal wavelength of 285 nm. By carrying out electrical, optical, spectral, and steady-state photocapacitance (SSPC) analysis during stress, we demonstrate the presence of two different degradation mechanisms. The first one occurs in the first 1000 min of stress, is ascribed to the decrease in the injection efficiency, and is modeled by considering the defect generation dynamics related to the de-hydrogenation of gallium vacancies, according to a system of three differential equations; the second one occurs after 1000 min of stress and is correlated with the generation of mid-gap defects, for which we have found evidence in the SSPC measurements. Specifically, we detected the presence of deep-level states (at 1.6 eV) and mid-gap states (at 2.15 eV), indicating that stress induces the generation of non-radiative recombination centers.
Getting traditionally rooted Indian leadership to embrace digital leadership: challenges and way forward with reference to LMX
Authors: Shah Shalaka Sharad , Patki Sairaj Milind 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLeadership has been a topic of great interest for researchers, business people, educators, and government officials alike over the years. Leadership as a theoretical construct has undergone a great deal of changes as a result of changes such as modernization, globalization and most recently digitalization. Taking into account the various changes that the internet and cloud computing has introduced in the organizational systems and processes across the globe, it is prudent to understand the relationship between leadership and digitalization to foresee how leaders should prepare themselves to cater to the challenges of the future. Leadership is indeed an ever-evolving concept, and so is technology; of which digitalization is an outcome. Most inquiries about such a relation are being well executed by the western cultures. Exploring the relationship between leadership and digitalization in the eastern cultures, especially India becomes more significant; as the technology is booming and drastically changing how daily activities are carried out as an influence of digitalization. With over 40% of the Indian population subscribed to the internet, and through the efforts made by the public and private sectors, India is on the way to being a technologically advanced country. India is also the largest base of digital consumers. Leaders struggle to lead in such challenging situations; which are becoming more volatile. It is imperative to examine what capacities, abilities and competencies leaders already have and what they need to further improve upon, in order to lead effectively in the digital world. To examine the overall context of Indian traditional leadership, leader–member exchange is seen to be a relevant theory. At last, challenges and gaps are discussed and the notion of “creative personality” is recommended for Indian leaders to cater to the digital changes.