bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Development of Colloidal Nanomaterials Enabled by Modular Microfluidic Reactors: Toward Autonomous Robotic Experimentation
Authors: Volk Amanda A. , Epps Robert W. , Abolhasani Milad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, microfluidic technologies have emerged as a powerful approach for the advanced synthesis and rapid optimization of various solution‐processed nanomaterials, including semiconductor quantum dots and nanoplatelets, and metal plasmonic and reticular framework nanoparticles. These fluidic systems offer access to previously unattainable measurements and synthesis conditions at unparalleled efficiencies and sampling rates. Despite these advantages, microfluidic systems have yet to be extensively adopted by the colloidal nanomaterial community. To help bridge the gap, this progress report details the basic principles of microfluidic reactor design and performance, as well as the current state of online diagnostics and autonomous robotic experimentation strategies, toward the size, shape, and composition‐controlled synthesis of various colloidal nanomaterials. By discussing the application of fluidic platforms in recent high‐priority colloidal nanomaterial studies and their potential for integration with rapidly emerging artificial intelligence‐based decision‐making strategies, this report seeks to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations between microfluidic reactor engineers and colloidal nanomaterial chemists. Full convergence of these two research efforts offers significantly expedited and enhanced nanomaterial discovery, optimization, and manufacturing.
In Situ Ion‐Conducting Protective Layer Strategy to Stable Lithium Metal Anode for All‐Solid‐State Sulfide‐Based Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Cheng , Sun Xiaolin , Yang Li , Song Depeng , Wu Yue , Ohsaka Takeo , Matsumoto Futoshi , Wu Jianfei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium metal is well known to be one of the most promising anodes for all‐solid‐state batteries, due to its ultrahigh capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and the extremely low standard negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V). However, direct and confined contact of lithium metal with solid‐state electrolytes is still a great obstacle for excellent battery performance, which induces poor interfacial compatibility to further lead to weak lithium ion transport and dendrite formation. In this work, a well‐lithium‐ion‐conducting protective interfacial layer in all‐solid‐state‐Li6PS5Cl‐based lithium metal batteries is in situ established on the surface of polished Li through spin‐coating technique with a mixture of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and fluoroethylene (FEC) carbonate. Interestingly, it is found there is synergistic effect between PAN and FEC via a solution‐based route. The artificial protective layer (LiPFG) consisting of organic matrix embedded with inorganic Li3N and LiF on the surface of Li regulates the uniform lithium deposition and enhances interface stability and compatibility. Specifically, a high reversible discharge capacity of 125.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and a lifetime of over 80 cycles can be achieved for LiZrO3@LiCoO2/Li6PS5Cl/LiPFG@Li full cells. This work inspires ideas for in situ construction of well‐lithium‐ion‐conducting artificial layer by a feasible spin‐coating technique for all solid state lithium metal batteries.
A Delta‐Parallel‐Inspired Human Machine Interface by Using Self‐Powered Triboelectric Nanogenerator Toward 3D and VR/AR Manipulations
Authors: Hou Cheng , Geng Jiangjun , Yang Zhan , Tang Tianyi , Sun Yuyang , Wang Fengxia , Liu Huicong , Chen Tao , Sun Lining 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, human‐machine interface technology has entered a period of rapid development in the global scope. It has gradually expanded from the initial field of medical rehabilitation to engineering bionics, virtual reality, space technology, deep‐sea assignments, atomic energy technology, remote education, and other areas. Herein, an innovative, self‐powered delta‐parallel human‐machine interface (DT‐HMI) for 3D sensing and control is proposed. By using three pairs of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensing gears based on both contact‐separation and sliding modes of triboelectric effect, the positive and negative rotation of the gears and rotation angles can be obtained. According to the forward‐and‐inverse kinematics of parallel robots, the spatial position and motion attitude of the platform can be calculated. The three pairs of TENG sensing gears with six electrodes define the 512 virtual sensing pixels. The low‐cost, simple‐designed DT‐HMI controller can achieve remote control and even spatial position mapping. Accordingly, the combination of output signals enables the realization of a highly scalable and self‐powered triboelectric interface toward a variety of application scenarios, including 2/3D control, VR/AR, interaction, robotics, etc.
Nanosphere Concentrated Photovoltaics with Shape Control
Authors: Seyedpour Esmaeilzad Nasim , Demir Ahmet Kemal , Hajivandi Jamileh , Ciftpinar Hande , Turan Rasit , Kurt Hamza , Bek Alpan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDielectric colloidal nanospheres (NSs) are promising candidates for light management in photonic devices such as solar cells (SCs). NS arrays can direct the broad incident solar radiation into a set of tighter foci, at which light intensity becomes considerably concentrated, enabling higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the NS arrays acting as an effective medium on the SC surface can reduce reflectance and facilitate improved forward scattering. Therefore, uniform arrays of NSs located on top of the SC can behave as antireflection coatings or as microlenses, which can be regarded as a surface distributed light concentrator within the framework of concentrated photovoltaics. Fabrication of NS‐based light‐trapping structures is low‐cost and less complicated than common alternatives such as vacuum evaporated multilayer antireflection coatings. In this work, experimental demonstration and computational confirmation on the shape adjustment of such NS structures for improved light harvesting and efficiency enhancement in Si SCs are studied. The light conversion efficiency of Si solar cells is shown to improve by more than 27% with shape adjustment of NS arrays.
Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds with Arynes: Reactivity and Mechanism
Authors: Chen Jian , Fan Rong , Liu Zhijian , Tan Jiajing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAryl phosphorus compounds have found versatile applications in materials, medicinal and synthetic chemistry. As a powerful tool, aryne chemistry has been widely utilized in constructing aryl C−P bonds under mild conditions; this has enabled facile access to a variety of structurally diverse aryl–phosphorus compounds with good efficiency. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the chemistry between arynes and organophosphorus compounds, with emphasis placed on reactivity modes and mechanistic aspects. According to the valency of phosphorus atoms, this paper is divided into two main sections, reactions of arynes with organophosphorus(III) compounds and those with organophosphorus(V) compounds.magnified image
Understanding the genetic history of Malay populations in Peninsular Malaysia via KIR genes diversity
Authors: Hanis Zainal Abidin Nur Waliyuddin , Mohd Nor Norazmi , Sundararajulu Panneerchelvam , Zafarina Zainuddin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesKiller cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genes with high polymorphism at genotypic levels are important in providing immune defense and have been expanded towards human population genetics. The aim of this study is to provide supporting information from this new biomarker to strengthen the comprehension of genetic history of the complex Malay population.MethodsKIR genotyping for 213 unadmixed Malay individuals from six subethnic groups (Acheh, Bugis, Champa, Mandailing, Minang and Kedah) was carried out using PCR‐SSP (sequence specific primers) method in 16 independent reactions.ResultsThe most frequent KIR genotype observed is AA1, followed by AB4 and AB5. Five genotypes; AA1, AB4, AB5, AB7 and AB8 were shared among all Malay subethnic groups. The highest frequency of KIR haplotype A was observed in Minang Malays, whereas Acheh and Kedah Malays carry a balanced distribution of A and B KIR haplotypes. PCA for the KIR genes clearly illustrated six ethnogeographical population clusters; Africans, Amerindian, Northeast Asian, South Asian, Oceania and Southeast Asian populations. All six Malay subethnic groups fell within the Southeast Asian cluster.ConclusionsThe complex array of KIR genotypes observed in the Malays indicates their historical interactions with various populations, especially with the Chinese, Indians and Orang Asli. This study has demonstrated the potential of KIR genes as a genetic marker for deducing population structure and genetic relationship between populations.
Reproductive seasonality in two sympatric primates (Ateles belzebuth and Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii) from Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Ellis Kelsey M. , Abondano Laura A. , Montes‐Rojas Andrés , Link Andrés , Di Fiore Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith their large body size and “slow” life histories, atelin primates are thought to follow a risk‐averse breeding strategy, similar to capital breeders, in which they accumulate energy reserves in anticipation of future reproductive events such as gestation and lactation. However, given the paucity of longitudinal data from wild populations, few studies to date have been able to compare the timing of reproductive events (e.g., copulations, conceptions, and births) in relation to shifting resource availability over multiple years. We examined the reproductive patterns of two atelin species—white‐bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) and lowland woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii)—in relation to habitat‐wide estimates of fruit availability at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station (TBS) in Amazonian Ecuador. Our sample included 4 years of data on births (N = 36) and copulations (N = 170) for Lagothrix, 10 years of data on births (N = 35) and copulations (N = 74) for Ateles, and 7 years of data on ripe fruit availability. Reproductive events were distinctly seasonal. For both species, births were concentrated between May and September, a time period in which ripe fruit was relatively scarce, while inferred conceptions occurred between September and January, when ripe fruit availability was increasing and maintained at high‐levels throughout the forest. Interannual variation in births was relatively stable, except for in 2016 when twice as many infants were born following a strong El Niño event that may have led to unusually high levels of fruit productivity during the 2015 breeding season. Although copulations were observed year‐round, an overwhelming majority (>90% for Lagothrix and >80% for Ateles) took place between August and February when females were most likely to conceive. Collectively, these data follow the reproductive patterns observed in other atelin primates, and, as proposed by others, suggest that atelins may follow a risk‐averse breeding strategy.
Adaptive Chirality of an Achiral Cucurbit[8]uril‐Based Supramolecular Organic Framework for Chirality Induction in Water
Authors: Li Yawen , Li Qingfang , Miao Xiaran , Qin Chunyan , Chu Dake , Cao Liping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChiral framework materials have been developed for many applications including chiral recognition, chiral separation, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical materials. Herein, we report that an achiral cucurbit[8]uril‐based supramolecular organic framework (SOF‐1) with the dynamic rotational conformation of tetraphenylethene units can exhibit adaptive chirality to produce M‐SOF‐1 or P‐SOF‐1 with mirror‐image circular dichroism (CD) with gabs≈±10−4 and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with glum≈±10−4 induced by L‐/D‐phenylalanine in water, respectively. The chirality induction in CD (gabs≈−10−4) and CPL (glum≈−10−4) of P‐SOF‐1 from achiral SOF‐1 can be presented by using a small amount of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate disodium (ATP) or adenosine‐5′‐diphosphate disodium (ADP) (only 0.4 equiv) in water. Furthermore, the adaptive chirality of SOF‐1 can be used to determine dipeptide sequences (e.g., Phe‐Ala and Ala‐Phe) and distinguish polypeptides/proteins (e.g., somatostatin and human insulin) with characteristic CD spectra. Therefore, achiral SOF‐1 as an ideal chiroptical platform with adaptive chirality may be applied to determine the enantiopurity of amino acids (e.g., L‐/D‐phenylalanine), develop aqueous CPL materials, and distinguish biological chiral macromolecules (e.g., peptides/proteins) via chirality induction in water.
Self‐Reporting of Folding and Aggregation by Orthogonal Hantzsch Luminophores Within a Single Polymer Chain
Authors: De‐La‐Cuesta Julen , Verde‐Sesto Ester , Arbe Arantxa , Pomposo José A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelf‐reporting fluorescence methods for monitoring folding and aggregation of proteins have a long history in biochemistry. Placing orthogonal luminophores within individual synthetic polymer chains for self‐reporting both folding (i.e., its intramolecular compaction to isolated single‐chain nanoparticles, SCNPs) and unbidden aggregation (i.e., the intermolecular association of SCNPs) remains a great challenge. Herein, a simple and efficient platform to identify both single‐chain compaction and intermolecular aggregation phenomena via photoluminescence is presented based on simultaneous synthesis through Hantzsch ester formation of orthogonal luminophores within the same polymer chain. Starting from non‐luminescent β‐ketoester‐decorated chains, intramolecular compaction is visually detected through fluorescence arising from Hantzsch fluorophores generated as intra‐chain connectors during folding. Complementary, intermolecular association is identified via aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) from orthogonal luminophores displaying intense photoluminescence at redshifted wavelengths after formation of multi‐SCNPs assemblies.
Anionic Polymerization in Porous Organic Frameworks: A Strategy to Fabricate Anchored Polymers and Copolymers
Authors: Perego Jacopo , Bracco Silvia , Comotti Angiolina , Piga Daniele , Bassanetti Irene , Sozzani Piero 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn anionic mechanism is used to create polymers and copolymers as confined to, or anchored to, high‐surface‐area porous nanoparticles. Linear polymers with soft and glassy chains, such as polyisoprene and polymethylmethacrylate, were produced by confined anionic polymerization in 3D networks of porous aromatic frameworks. Alternatively, multiple anions were generated on the designed frameworks which bear removal protons at selected positions, and initiate chain propagation, resulting in chains covalently connected to the 3D network. Such growth can continue outside the pores to produce polymer‐matrix nanoparticles coated with anchored chains. Sequential reactions were promoted by the living character of this anionic propagation, yielding nanoparticles that were covered by a second polymer anchored by anionic block copolymerization. The intimacy of the matrix and the grown‐in polymers was demonstrated by magnetization transfer across the interfaces in 2D 1H‐13C‐HETCOR NMR spectra.
Current Status of High Oleic Seed Oils in Food Processing
Authors: Zambelli Andres 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDietarytransfatty acids (TFA) from industrial partial hydrogenation continue to occupy the attention of health and regulatory authorities, prompting renewed recommendations and regulations around the world. Partial hydrogenation of liquid oils was widely used because it increases the oxidative stability and plasticity of vegetable oils. The development of high oleic (HO) oils appeared as an efficient and healthy strategy to replace partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. At present, the main sources of HO oils are the HO varieties of sunflower, canola, and soybean, covering almost the entire market. Although all these HO crops show oleic acid contents higher than 70%, they can be differentiated by their fatty acid profiles. Recent clinical evidence suggests that polyunsaturated content should also be considered since its intake has been associated with coronary heart disease. Comparison of the fatty acid compositions, places HO sunflower as the best option in terms of oxidative stability and beneficial effects on the health of consumers.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isoxazole derivatives from acridone
Authors: Aarjane Mohammed , Slassi Siham , Tazi Bouchra , Amine Amina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study was carried out in an attempt to synthesize a new class of potential antibacterial agents. In this context, novel isoxazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial behavior against four pathogenic bacterial strains. The synthesized compounds exhibited moderate‐to‐good antibacterial activity against these strains. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against the Escherichia coli strains, particularly for compounds 4a and 4e with phenyl and para‐nitrophenyl groups on the isoxazole–acridone skeleton; they showed promising minimum inhibitory concentration values of 16.88 and 19.01 μg/ml, respectively, compared with the standard drug chloramphenicol (22.41 µg/ml). The synthesized compounds were subjected to in silico docking studies to understand the mode of their interactions with the DNA topoisomerase complex (PDB ID: 3FV5) of E. coli. The molecular docking results showed that compounds 4a–l occupy the active site of DNA topoisomerase (PDB ID: 3FV5), stabilized via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, which may be the reason behind their interesting in vitro antibacterial activity.
Meta‐Analysis Reveals Gait Anomalies in Autism
Authors: Lum Jarrad A. G. , Shandley Kerrie , Albein‐Urios Natalia , Kirkovski Melissa , Papadopoulos Nicole , Wilson Rujuta B. , Enticott Peter G. , Rinehart Nicole J. 
Published: December 2020

Gait abnormalities are frequently reported in autism. The empirical literature, however, is characterized by inconsistent findings concerning which aspects of gait are affected. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize study findings that examined temporal and spatial (i.e., two‐dimensional) gait parameters in pediatric and adult samples comprising individuals with autism and healthy controls. After searching electronic databases, a total of 18 studies were identified and included in this review. Results from the meta‐analyses revealed autism is associated with a wider step width, slower walking speed, longer gait cycle, longer stance time and longer step time. Additionally, autism appears to be associated with greater intra‐individual variability on measures of stride length, stride time and walking speed. Meta‐regression analyses revealed cadence and gait cycle duration differences, between autism and control groups, become more pronounced with age. Overall, this review demonstrates that autism is associated with gait abnormalities. However, assessment of the methodological quality of the studies reveal, additional research is required to understand the extent that gait abnormalities are specifically linked to autism, or whether they may be secondary to other factors commonly found in this group, such as increased weight.Lay SummaryIt is often noted by clinicians that individuals with autism have an awkward or unusual walking style, which is also referred to as gait. In this report, we reviewed past studies that compared gait in individuals with and without autism. Our review indicates autism is associated with an abnormal gait. However, it is not yet clear whether gait abnormalities are caused by autism, or arise due to other factors such as heavier weight, which often co‐occurs in this group. Autism Res 2021, 14: 733–747. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
The optimization conditions of establishing an H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model based on an AnaeroPack System
Authors: Wen Jingyi , Wang Dan , Cheng Lichun , Wu Di , Qiu Lulu , Li Miao , Xie Yu , Wu Si , Jiang Yan , Bai Hansheng , Xu Bing , Lv Huiyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIschemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of cardiomyocyte apoptosis after vascular recanalization, which was mimicked by a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model of cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this study, we explored an optimal H/R duration procedure using the AnaeroPack System. To study the H/R procedure, cardiomyocytes were exposed to the AnaeroPack System with sugar and serum‐free medium, followed by reoxygenation under normal conditions. Cell injury was detected through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin (c‐Tn) release, morphological changes, cell apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. The results showed that the damage to H9c2 cells increased with prolonged hypoxia time, as demonstrated by increased apoptosis rate, LDH and c‐Tn release, HIF‐1α expression, as well as decreased expression of Bcl‐2. Furthermore, hypoxia for 10 h and reoxygenation for 6 h exhibited the highest apoptosis rate and damage and cytokine release; in addition, cells were deformed, small, and visibly round. After 12 h of hypoxia, the majority of the cells were dead. Taken together, this study showed that subjecting H9c2 cells to the AnaeroPack System for 10 h and reoxygenation for 6 h can achieve a practicable and repeatable H/R injury model.
Serological tests for COVID‐19: Potential opportunities
Authors: Tantuoyir Marcarious M. , Rezaei Nima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel betacoronavirus, caused a pandemic leading to a standstill of nearly all global activities. There are some controversies on the production of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies after the infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. This paper seeks to elaborate on the potential application of IgM and IgG antibodies and the viral antigens for the diagnosis and the course of the disease as well as the recurrence of positive nucleic acid tests after discharge.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemodivergent Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Sun Minghe , Liu Min , Li Changkun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe control of C3/N1 chemoselectivity in indole alkylation with the same electrophiles is still challenging. An Rh/bisoxazolinephosphane‐catalyzed chemodivergent regio‐ and enantioselective allylic alkylation of indoles was developed. Chiral C3‐ and N1‐allylindoles can be selectively obtained with high branched/linear ratio and up to 99 % ee by changing the counteranion of Rh, the allylic carbonate, the reaction temperature, and the ligand.