bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polyimide/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite aerogels with anisotropic properties
Authors: Miao Zongnan , Jia Zhennan , Yu Zhi , Chen Shaokang , Zhou Shengtai , Liu Pengbo , Zou Huawei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of polyimide/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PI/MWCNTs) composite aerogels with anisotropic properties were fabricated. First, the poly(amic acid) ammonium salt (PAS)/MWCNTs suspension was prepared by blending poly(amic acid), deionized water, triethylamine, MWCNTs, and CNT dispersant with the aid of ultrasonication treatment. Afterwards, the aqueous PAS/MWCNTs suspension was unidirectionally frozen at −65 ± 5°C, then followed by freeze‐drying. Subsequently, the PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels were obtained after thermal imidization treatment. Morphology observations revealed that PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels exhibited a “hive‐like” structure while viewed along the freezing direction, whereas a typical channel‐like pore structure was observed perpendicular to the freezing direction. This typical structure rendered PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels with anisotropic properties such as heat conduction, electrical conductivity as well as electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness when the aerogels were characterized at different directions.
3D‐printed polymer packing structures: Uniformity of morphology and mechanical properties via microprocessing conditions
Authors: Kim Sunghan , Korolovych Volodymyr F. , Muhlbauer Rachel L. , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing is an attractive approach to fabricate highly porous extremely lightweight structures for architecture antivibrational packaging. We report 3D printing processing of model packaging structures using biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a source material, with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) utilized as a common 3D printing source material as a traditional benchmarked material. The effects of printing temperature, speed, and layer morphology on the layer‐by‐layer 3D‐printed structures and their mechanical properties were considered. Three different characteristic morphologies were identified based on printing temperature; the microscopic surface roughness was dependent on the printing speed and layer height. We demonstrate that the mechanical performances and surface properties of 3D‐printed PLA structures could be improved by optimization of printing conditions. Specifically, we evaluate that these PLA‐based 3D structures printed exhibited better surface qualities and enhanced mechanical performance than traditional ABS‐based structures. Results showed that the PLA‐based 3D structures possessed the favorable mechanical performance with 34% higher Young's modulus and 23% higher tensile strength in comparison to the ABS‐based 3D structures. This study provides guidelines for achieving high‐quality 3D‐printed lightweight structures, including smooth surfaces and durable mechanical properties, and serves as a framework to create biodegradable 3D‐printed parts for human use.
Psychometric Study of the Social Responsiveness Scale in Phelan–McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Gergoudis Kellie , Weinberg Alan , Templin Jonathan , Farmer Cristan , Durkin Alison , Weissman Jordana , Siper Paige , Foss‐Feig Jennifer , del Pilar Trelles Maria , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Powell Craig M. , Sahin Mustafa , Soorya Latha , Thurm Audrey , Kolevzon Alexander ,   Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium
Published: May 2020

The Social Responsiveness Scale‐2 (SRS‐2) is a quantitative measure used to characterize symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research suggests that SRS‐2 scores are significantly influenced by language ability and intellectual disability (ID). Efforts to refine the SRS‐2 by Sturm, Kuhfeld, Kasari, and Mccracken [Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,58(9), 1053–1061] yielded a shortened form, yet its psychometric properties in populations with severe ID remain unknown. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SRS‐2 in Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS), a genetic condition associated with ASD and ID, thereby guiding score interpretation in this population and future development of targeted scales. Analyses, including Item Response Theory (IRT), were conducted on a sample of individuals with PMS (n= 91) recruited at six sites nationally. Psychometric properties evaluated include measures of reliability (internal consistency, test–retest reliability) and validity (structural, construct, content). While both SRS‐2 forms are reliable, the shortened SRS‐2 shows superior validity to the full SRS‐2 for measuring ASD symptoms in PMS. On IRT analysis, the shortened SRS‐2 shows excellent discrimination and precisely evaluates respondents across a wide range of ASD symptomatology but interpretation is limited by uncertain content validity and small sample size. The shortened SRS‐2 shows some promise for use in PMS, but future refinements and additions are needed to develop items that are tailored to identify ASD in children with severe ID and specifically PMS.Lay SummaryThis study determined that a shortened form of the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2) shows both promise and limitations for the characterization of autism symptomatology in individuals with Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS), a population characterized by intellectual disability (ID). Caution should be used when interpreting SRS‐2 scores in individuals with ID and future research should modify existing items and develop new items to improve the SRS‐2's ability to accurately characterize autism symptomatology in PMS.Autism Res2020, 13: 1383–1396. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internationalisation of higher education: A critical analysis of the intercultural dimension of a visiting scholar programme
Authors: Zheng Huan , Pirbhai‐Illich Fatima , Martin Fran , Wu Liqin 
Published: May 2020

This article reports the findings of a study on the intercultural dimension of internationalisation at two universities, located in China and Canada, as evidenced through their visiting scholar (VS) programme. Andreotti and her research team identified three articulations of internationalisation in higher education that are located in a modern/colonial imaginary. They propose a fourth articulation, relational trans‐localism, that is located outside the modern/colonial imaginary. As participants in the VS programme, we used critical ethnography and critical discourse analysis to investigate the influences of the modern/colonial articulations on the intercultural dimension of the program, and our attempts to develop practices outside the modern/colonial imaginary. Our findings show that although the programme was profoundly affected by neoliberal and liberal discourses, we achieved some success in creating spaces of relational trans‐localism. We conclude by identifying the factors that were enabling of these alternative spaces.
Classification of comorbidity in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A latent class analysis
Authors: van Oudheusden Lucas J. B. , van de Schoot Rens , Hoogendoorn Adriaan , van Oppen Patricia , Kaarsemaker Maarten , Meynen Gerben , van Balkom Anton J. L. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients with OCD differ markedly from one another in both number and kind of comorbid disorders. In this study, we set out to identify and characterize homogeneous subgroups of OCD patients based on their comorbidity profile.MethodsIn a cohort of 419 adult subjects with OCD, the lifetime presence of fifteen comorbid disorders was assessed. Latent class analysis was used to identify comorbidity‐based subgroups. Groups were compared with regard to core clinical characteristics: familiality, childhood trauma, age at onset, illness severity, OCD symptom dimensions, personality characteristics, and course of illness.ResultsThe study sample could be divided in a large group (n = 311) with a low amount of comorbidity that could be further subdivided into two subgroups: OCD simplex (n = 147) and OCD with lifetime major depressive disorder (n = 186), and a group (n = 108) with a high amount of comorbidity that could be further subdivided into a general anxiety‐related subgroup (n = 49), an autism/social phobia‐related subgroup (n = 27), and a psychosis/bipolar‐related subgroup (n = 10). Membership of the high‐comorbid subgroup was associated with higher scores on childhood trauma, illness severity, and the aggression/checking symptom dimension and lower scores on several personality characteristics.ConclusionGrouping OCD patients based on their comorbidity profile might provide more homogeneous, and therefore, more suitable categories for future studies aimed at unraveling the etiological mechanisms underlying this debilitating disorder.
SCAI position statement on the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention in ambulatory surgical centers
Authors: Box Lyndon C. , Blankenship James C. , Henry Timothy D. , Messenger John C. , Cigarroa Joaquin E. , Moussa Issam D. , Snyder Richard W. , Duffy Peter L. , Carr Jeffrey G. , Tukaye Deepali N. , Ang Lawrence , Shah Binita , Rao Sunil V. , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) began reimbursement for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in ambulatory surgical centers (ASC) in January 2020. The ability to perform PCI in an ASC has been made possible due to the outcomes data from observational studies and randomized controlled trials supporting same day discharge (SDD) after PCI. In appropriately selected patients for outpatient PCI, clinical outcomes for SDD or routine overnight observation are comparable without any difference in short‐term or long‐term adverse events. Furthermore, a potential for lower cost of care without a compromise in clinical outcomes exists. These studies provide the framework and justification for performing PCI in an ASC. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) supported this coverage decision provided the quality and safety standards for PCI in an ASC were equivalent to the hospital setting. The current position paper is written to provide guidance for starting a PCI program in an ASC with an emphasis on maintaining quality standards. Regulatory requirements and appropriate standards for the facility, staff and physicians are delineated. The consensus document identified appropriate patients for consideration of PCI in an ASC. The key components of an ongoing quality assurance program are defined and the ethical issues relevant to PCI in an ASC are reviewed.
Insights into Ethanol Coupling over Hydroxyapatite using Modulation Excitation Operando Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Shao‐Chun , Cendejas Melissa C. , Hermans Ive 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coupling of biomass‐derived ethanol to n‐butanol is a topic of contemporary interest. Indeed, n‐butanol can not only be used as a higher energy‐density fuel additive, it is also a key component in perfumes and serves as a solvent for paints and dyes. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) emerged in the literature as a promising catalysts for this transformation, with n‐butanol selectivity reaching ∼75 % at 10 % ethanol conversion. However, the molecular‐level mechanism for this reaction is still unclear and several mechanistic questions remain unanswered. Here, we use diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy, coupled with mass spectrometry following a modulation excitation approach (ME‐DRIFTS‐MS) that enables us to better understand the dynamic processes involved. Our approach allows for a vibrational characterization of the active surface species and the formulation of a consistent mechanism. Based on our experimental observations, Ca2+/OH− can be put forward as the main active site for the aldol condensation. POH/OH− acid‐base pair is proposed as the active site for the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) direct hydrogen transfer of the aldol condensation product, crotonaldehyde.
Synthesis of Isopropyl Palmitate by Lipase Immobilized on a Magnetized Polymer Matrix
Authors: Silva Mateus V. C. , Rosa Cintia M. R. , Aguiar Leandro G. , Oliveira Pedro C. , de Castro Heizir F. , Freitas Larissa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPenicillium camemberti lipase immobilized on a magnetized poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) was used as a biocatalyst for isopropyl palmitate synthesis. The reaction conditions were determined by 22 factorial central composite design. A mathematical model based on a simplified kinetic approach was developed to describe the system and validated with the experimental data. An assay carried out in a stirred‐tank reactor confirmed the proposed model. The ester was purified and the properties such as density and water content were similar to those found in commercially available isopropyl palmitate.
Effects of Gelatin and Nano‐ZnO on the Performance and Properties of Cellulose Acetate Water Membranes
Authors: Sheikh Elnaz , Sheikh Abbas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiodegradable cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation method. Acetic acid and deionized water were used as solvent and non‐solvent, respectively. The modifying effect of gelatin and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles additives was investigated on the membranes in terms of water flux, protein rejection percentage, and fouling ability during two hours of bovine serum albumin separation from aqueous solution. Specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, contact angle technique, and porosity measurement. The incorporation of gelatin and ZnO nanoparticles into the CA matrix increased the porosity coefficient and hydrophilicity. Moreover, gelatin improved the tensile properties of the membrane.
A method for scaling impressions of a scene
Authors: Liu Tzuhao , Hutchings John , Luo Ming Ronnier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article describes the results of an experiment to evaluate people's impressions of a live landscape scene, the famous West Lake in Hangzhou, China. We invited seventy students from different academic backgrounds to participate in this project. The goals of this study were to find a method for the evaluation of the perception of a live scene, to reveal differences for subjects from different backgrounds, and to provide a method for teaching students. In the experiment, students sat together and looked at the lake from one similar location. The whole scene was divided into five parts, and the students were asked to give their judgment of those five different subjects. The results were analyzed to find the main components describing the scene. The novel features in the work involved the assessment of the scene using a large number of people, to have observers from various backgrounds, and to provide a new teaching method for colour science and colour design.
Multivalent ions and biomolecules: Attempting a comprehensive perspective
Authors: Matsarskaia Olga , Roosen‐Runge Felix , Schreiber Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIons are ubiquitous in nature. They play a key role for many biological processes on the molecular scale, from molecular interactions, to mechanical properties, to folding, to self‐organisation and assembly, to reaction equilibria, to signalling, to energy and material transport, to recognition etc. Going beyond monovalent ions tomultivalent ions, the effects of the ions are frequently not only stronger (due to the obviously higher charge), butqualitativelydifferent. A typical example is the process of binding of multivalent ions, such as Ca2+, to a macromolecule and the consequences of this ion binding such as compaction, collapse, potential charge inversion and precipitation of the macromolecule. Here we review these effects and phenomena induced by multivalent ions for biological (macro)molecules, from the “atomistic/molecular” local picture of (potentially specific) interactions to the more global picture of phase behaviour including, e. g., crystallisation, phase separation, oligomerisation etc. Rather than attempting an encyclopedic list of systems, we rather aim for an embracing discussion using typical case studies. We try to cover predominantly three main classes: proteins, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic molecules including interface effects. We do not cover in detail, but make some comparisons to, ion channels, colloidal systems, and synthetic polymers. While there are obvious differences in the behaviour of, and the relevance of multivalent ions for, the three main classes of systems, we also point out analogies. Our attempt of a comprehensive discussion is guided by the idea that there are not only important differences and specific phenomena with regard to the effects of multivalent ions on the main systems, but also important similarities. We hope to bridge physico‐chemical mechanisms, concepts of soft matter, and biological observations and connect the different communities further.
The Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Midazolam in Stable Critically Ill Children: A Pharmacokinetic Microtracing Study
Authors: van Groen Bianca D. , Krekels Elke H. J. , Mooij Miriam G. , van Duijn Esther , Vaes Wouter H. J. , Windhorst Albert D. , van Rosmalen Joost , Hartman Stan J. F. , Hendrikse N. Harry , Koch Birgit C. P. , Allegaert Karel , Tibboel Dick , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: May 2020

Midazolam is metabolized by the developmentally regulated intestinal and hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5. It is frequently administered orally to children, yet knowledge is lacking on the oral bioavailability in term neonates up until 1 year of age. Furthermore, the dispositions of the major metabolites 1‐OH‐midazolam (OHM) and 1‐OH‐midazolam‐glucuronide (OHMG) after oral administration are largely unknown for the entire pediatric age span. We aimed to fill these knowledge gaps with a pediatric [14C]midazolam microtracer population pharmacokinetic study. Forty‐six stable, critically ill children (median age 9.8 (range 0.3–276.4) weeks) received a single oral [14C]midazolam microtracer (58 (40–67) Bq/kg) when they received a therapeutic continuous intravenous midazolam infusion and had an arterial line in place enabling blood sampling. For midazolam, in a one‐compartment model, bodyweight was a significant predictor for clearance (0.98 L/hour) and volume of distribution (8.7 L) (values for a typical individual of 5 kg). The typical oral bioavailability in the population was 66% (range 25–85%). The exposures of OHM and OHMG were highest for the youngest age groups and significantly decreased with postnatal age. The oral bioavailability of midazolam, largely reflective of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity, was on average lower than the reported 49–92% for preterm neonates, and higher than the reported 21% for children> 1 year of age and 30% for adults. As midazolam oral bioavailability varied widely, systemic exposure of other CYP3A–substrate drugs after oral dosing in this population may also be unpredictable, with risk of therapy failure or toxicity.
Defining and improving the rotational and intercropping value of a crop using a plant–soil feedbacks approach
Authors: Marques Edward , Kur Andi , Bueno Erika , von Wettberg Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCrop rotations and intercropping are an ever‐present sustainable practice across a diverse array of agroecosystems. These management practices can suppress weeds, reduce cycles of disease, build soil organic matter, and increase above‐ and belowground biodiversity, all of which improve the yield of a companion or subsequent crop. Here, we propose the terms ‘rotational’ and ‘intercropping value’ as a way to measure the overall effect of these benefits. Additionally, we articulate how to quantify different ecosystem services provided by rotational and intercrops including weed and disease suppression, enhancing microbial communities, and nitrogen fixation using a framework that accounts for how these services support other crops in agroecosystems. By providing a method of identifying and quantifying these rotational and intercropping traits, it may facilitate the breeding of better crops for rotations, for cover cropping, and for intercropping.
Beitrag des Mauerwerksbaus zum nachhaltigen Bauen
Authors: Pohl Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAls komprimierter Vorabzug zu einer geplanten Veröffentlichung des Deutschen Ausschusses für Mauerwerk (DAfM) zeigt der nachfolgende Beitrag, (1) wo und wann im Lebenszyklus von Bauprodukten und (Wohn‐)Gebäuden klimaschutzrelevante Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte vorliegen, (2) welche Beiträge zu Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz das Mauerwerk bereits heute leistet und (3) welche weiteren Beiträge es pro futuro leisten kann.
Stratigraphic evolution and carbonate factory implications: Case study of the Albian carbonates of the Campos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Rebelo Taynah Buratto , Batezelli Alessandro , Luna Juan Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbonate deposits are numerous and have undeniable economic appeal for the oil industry. However, there are many uncertainties associated with different aspects of these lithologies. Understanding carbonate factories and their global distribution has been a subject of discussion in recent decades, especially concerning the products expected from different carbonate systems, their response to sea‐level variations and the transition between different depositional environments. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand the role of sea‐level variations, and geodynamics in factories and the evolution of Albian depositional sequences on the south‐east continental margin of Brazil. Fifteen lithofacies consisting of seven facies associations and five third‐order sequences were identified. Sequence boundaries are unconformities formed by erosion or non‐deposition surfaces, representing either exposure periods or drowning events, and their correlative condensed sections. The first sequence, deposited in a shallow lagoon environment, recorded the onset of the T‐factory and the start‐up phase of the shelf. The second sequence represents a period of broad carbonate deposition in the basin, related to the catch‐up phase of the platform. The third sequence was established during a sea‐level rise and recorded the keep‐up phase of the platform and the transition from tropical to cool waters. The fourth sequence, was deposited in a deep marine environment and the fifth and last, recorded the shelf drowning. The succession typifies the beginning, the pinnacle and the end of carbonate deposition, spanning the initial and final highstand system tracts. The whole succession is part of a first‐order transgressive cycle that led to a factory transition and culminated with the definitive drowning of the depositional system.