bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual time point [18F]FLT-PET for differentiating proliferating tissues vs non-proliferating tissues
Authors: Lovinfosse Pierre , Rousseau Caroline , Pierga Jean-Yves , Bouchet Francis , Cochet Alexandre , Alberini Jean-Louis , Girault Sylvie , Vera Pierre , Olivier Pierre , Uwer Lionel , Cachin Florent , Scarwell Benoit , Lemonnier Jérome , Fourme Emmanuelle , Mesleard Christel , Martin Anne-Laure , Lacœuille Franck , Couturier Olivier-François 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
For differentiating tumor from inflammation and normal tissues, fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) dual time point PET could be helpful. Albeit [18F]FLT is more specific for tumors than [18F]FDG; we explored the role of dual time point [18F]FLT-PET for discriminating benign from malignant tissues.

Methods
Before any treatment, 85 womens with de novo unifocal breast cancer underwent three PET acquisitions at 33.94 ± 8.01 min (PET30), 61.45 ± 8.30 min (PET60), and 81.06 ± 12.12 min (PET80) after [18F]FLT injection. Semiquantitative analyses of [18F]FLT uptake (SUV) were carried out on tumors, liver, bone marrow (4th thoracic vertebra (T4) and humeral head), descending thoracic aorta, muscle (deltoid), and contralateral normal breast. Repeated measures ANOVA tests and Tukey’s posttests were used to compare SUVmax of each site at the three time points.

Results
There was a significant increase in SUVmax over time for breast lesions (5.58 ± 3.80; 5.97 ± 4.56; 6.19 ± 4.42; p < 0.0001) (m ± SD for PET30, PET60, and PET80, respectively), and bone marrow (for T4, 8.21 ± 3.17, 9.64 ± 3.66, 10.85 ± 3.63, p < 0.0001; for humeral head, 3.36 ± 1.79, 3.87 ± 1.89, 4.39 ± 2.00, p < 0.0001). A significant decrease in SUVmax over time was observed for liver (6.79 ± 2.03; 6.24 ± 1.99; 5.57 ± 1.74; p < 0.0001), muscle (0.95 ± 0.28; 0.93 ± 0.29; 0.86 ± 0.20; p < 0.027), and aorta (1.18 ± 0.34; 1.01 ± 0.32; 0.97 ± 0.30; p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed for SUVmax in contralateral breast (0.8364 ± 0.40; 0.78 ± 0.38; 0.80 ± 0.35).

Conclusion
[18F]FLT-SUVmax increased between 30 and 80 min only in proliferating tissues. This could be helpful for discriminating between residual tumor and scar tissue.
Channel estimation for spatially/temporally correlated massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs
Authors: Kim Hwanjin , Choi Junil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper considers the channel estimation problem for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Previous channel estimation techniques for massive MIMO using one-bit ADCs are all based on single-shot estimation without exploiting the inherent temporal correlation in wireless channels. In this paper, we propose an adaptive channel estimation technique taking the spatial and temporal correlations into account for massive MIMO with one-bit ADCs. We first use the Bussgang decomposition to linearize the one-bit quantized received signals. Then, we adopt the Kalman filter to estimate the spatially and temporally correlated channels. Since the quantization noise is not Gaussian, we assume the effective noise as a Gaussian noise with the same statistics to apply the Kalman filtering. We also implement the truncated polynomial expansion-based low-complexity channel estimator with negligible performance loss. Numerical results reveal that the proposed channel estimators can improve the estimation accuracy significantly by using the spatial and temporal correlations of channels.
Hidden aspects of social entrepreneurs’ life: a content analysis
Authors: Pangriya Ruchita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSocial entrepreneurship has been defined as entrepreneurship with a social goal; social entrepreneur is a change agent. Literature shows that social entrepreneurship is treated as a youthful field of study and needs thorough observational appraisals to develop, which proposes a plenitude of research openings (Hoogendoorn, Pennings, & Thurik, ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2009-044-ORG, 2010; Hand & Lewis, Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2016). The work on social entrepreneurship is on the rise; however, little attention was given to the traits and motivational factors for social entrepreneurs. To fill this gap, this study explores the traits and motivations of social entrepreneurs. A content analysis technique has been used to analyse the data. The interviews, speeches and articles on nine social entrepreneurs were analysed. The results indicate education, global exposure, prior work experience, creativity, empathy, community roots and contentment were the main characteristics of a social entrepreneur. Self-transcendence, unique ideas and innovation to solve pain points, inspiration and personal experience motivate an individual to become a social entrepreneur. Findings of this study will contribute to the practical and research in the area of social entrepreneurship. The present research will contribute to the growing literature that attempts to explain the profile of a social entrepreneur and motivational factors.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients attenuates muscle atrophy, neurophysiological disorders, and weakness: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Silva Paulo Eugênio , de Cássia Marqueti Rita , Livino-de-Carvalho Karina , de Araujo Amaro Eduardo Tavares , Castro Joana , da Silva Vinicius Maldaner , Vieira Luciana , Souza Vinicius Carolino , Dantas Lucas Ogura , Cipriano Jr Gerson , Nóbrega Otávio Tolêdo , Babault Nicolas , Durigan Joao Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients experience extensive muscle damage during their stay in the intensive care unit. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been considered a promising treatment to reduce the functional and clinical impacts of this. However, the time needed for NMES to produce effects over the muscles is still unclear. This study primarily aimed to assess the time needed and effects of an NMES protocol on muscle architecture, neuromuscular electrophysiological disorder (NED), and muscle strength, and secondarily, to evaluate the effects on plasma systemic inflammation, catabolic responses, and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe performed a randomized clinical trial in critically ill TBI patients. The control group received only conventional physiotherapy, while the NMES group additionally underwent daily NMES for 14 days in the lower limb muscles. Participants were assessed at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 14 of their stay in the intensive care unit. The primary outcomes were assessed with muscle ultrasound, neuromuscular electrophysiology, and evoked peak force, and the secondary outcomes with plasma cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and clinical outcomes.ResultsSixty participants were randomized, and twenty completed the trial from each group. After 14 days, the control group presented a significant reduction in muscle thickness of tibialis anterior and rectus femoris, mean of − 0.33 mm (− 14%) and − 0.49 mm (− 21%),p < 0.0001, respectively, while muscle thickness was preserved in the NMES group. The control group presented a higher incidence of NED: 47% vs. 0% in the NMES group,p < 0.0001, risk ratio of 16, and the NMES group demonstrated an increase in the evoked peak force (2.34 kg/f,p < 0.0001), in contrast to the control group (− 1.55 kg/f,p < 0.0001). The time needed for the NMES protocol to prevent muscle architecture disorders and treat weakness was at least 7 days, and 14 days to treat NED. The secondary outcomes exhibited less precise results, with confidence intervals that spanned worthwhile or trivial effects.ConclusionsNMES applied daily for fourteen consecutive days reduced muscle atrophy, the incidence of NED, and muscle weakness in critically ill TBI patients. At least 7 days of NMES were required to elicit the first significant results.Trial registrationThe trial was registered atensaiosclinicos.gov.brunder protocol RBR-8kdrbz on 17 January 2016.
MPL W515 L/K mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Eldeweny Sohaila , Ibrahim Hosny , Elsayed Ghada , Samra Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) describe a group of diseases involving the bone marrow (BM). Classical MPNs are classified into chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). This classification is based on the presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome (BCR/ABL1). CML is BCR/ABL1-positive while PV, ET, and PMF are negative. JAK2 p. Val617Phe pathological variant is the most associated mutation in BCR/ABL1-negative MPNs. The frequency of JAK2 p. Val617Phe is 90–95% in PV patients, 50–60% in ET, and 40–50% in patients with PMF. Studies on MPL gene led to the revelation of a gain of function pathological variants in JAK2 p. Val617Phe-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). MPL p. W515 L/K pathological variants are the most common across all mutations in MPL gene. The prevalence of these pathological variants over the Egyptian population is not clear enough. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MPL p. W515 L/K pathological variants in the Philadelphia (Ph)-negative MPNs over the Egyptian population.

Results
We have tested 60 patients with Ph-negative MPNs for MPL p. W515 L/K pathological variants. Median age was 51 (22–73) years. No MPL p. W515 L/K pathological variants were detected among our patients. JAK2 p. Val617Phe in PV and PMF patients showed significantly lower frequency than other studies. Splenomegaly was significantly higher in ET patients compared to other studies.

Conclusion
MPL p. W515 L/K pathological variants are rare across the Egyptian Ph-negative MPNs, and further studies on a large number are recommended. MPN patients in Egypt are younger compared to different ethnic groups.
Randomized Phase III Study of Ganetespib, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, With Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (GALAXY-2)
Authors: Pillai Rathi N. , Fennell Dean A. , Kovcin Vladimir , Ciuleanu Tudor-Eliade , Ramlau Rodryg , Kowalski Dariusz , Schenker Michael , Yalcin Ilker , Teofilovici Florentina , Vukovic Vojo M. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE Ganetespib, a highly potent heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, blocks multiple oncogenic pathways, resulting in antitumor activity. We evaluated the combination of ganetespib and docetaxel for second-line therapy of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this international phase III trial, patients with stage IIIB or IV adenocarcinoma diagnosed > 6 months before study entry and 1 prior systemic therapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to ganetespib 150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle or to docetaxel alone. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 677 enrolled patients, 335 were randomly assigned to ganetespib and docetaxel and 337 were assigned to docetaxel. The trial was stopped early as a result of futility at a planned interim analysis. The median OS time was 10.9 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 12.3 months) in the ganetespib and docetaxel arm compared with 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 12.2 months) in docetaxel arm (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.899 to 1.372; P = .329). Median progression-free survival was 4.2 months in the ganetespib and docetaxel arm and 4.3 months in the docetaxel arm (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.403; P = .119). The addition of ganetespib did not improve outcomes compared with docetaxel alone for any secondary end point, including survival in the elevated lactate dehydrogenase or EGFR and ALK wild-type populations. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event in both arms was neutropenia (30.9% with ganetespib and docetaxel v 25% with docetaxel). CONCLUSION The addition of ganetespib to docetaxel did not result in improved survival for salvage therapy of patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
Screening, diagnosis and genetic study of breast cancer patients in Pakistan
Authors: Majeed Ayesha Isani , Ullah Asmat , Jadoon Muniba , Ahmad Wasim , Riazuddin Sheikh 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the role of variants in BRCA1 gene in breast cancer development, women of Pakistani origin, diagnosed with breast cancer, were screened for variants in the BRCA1.
Methods: The present study involved screening of 5000 women for breast cancer. 302 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Using Sanger sequencing, DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 100 patients was screened for disease causing variants in the BRCA1.
Results: Analysis of sequenced data revealed two frame shift (Gly312Trpfs*8, Ala322Glyfs*4), six missense (p.Glu362Lys, p.Lys651Arg, p.Asp693Asn, p.Pro871Leu, p.Glu1134Lys, p.Lys1183Arg), four synonymous (p.Thr327Thr, p.Ser694Ser, p.His771His, p.Gln1135Gln), and two intronic variants (g.75407T>C, g.75401_75401delT) in the patients.
Conclusion: The present investigation showed that variations in BRCA1 made substantial contribution in causing hereditary/early-onset breast cancer in Pakistani women.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1059
How to cite this:Majeed AI, Ullah A, Jadoon M, Ahmad W, Riazuddin S. Screening, diagnosis and genetic study of breast cancer patients in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1059
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of endoscopic variceal band ligation sessions in obliteration of esophageal varices
Authors: Alvi Haris , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Rasheed Tazeen , Ibrahim Muhammad Asad 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine number of sessions of Endoscopic variceal band ligation required to obliterate the esophageal varices.
Methods: This study was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi between June 2018 to April 2019. All patients undergoing endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation (EVBL) were inducted. Number of sessions of band ligation required to obliterate the varices were recorded. Number of EVBL sessions were correlated with Child-Pugh’s Score and etiology of CLD by χ2 test, while it was compared with duration of Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) by One-way ANOVA test.
Results: One hundred ninety-two patients fulfilling selection criteria were admitted after informed consent. These included 101 (52.6%) males and 91 (47.4%) females. Most common cause of cirrhosis was HCV (66.7%) in our patients. Most of the patients were in Child Class-B (71.9%). Majority of patients (52.6%) underwent 3 sessions of EVBL while 68 (35.4%) underwent 4 sessions of EVBL. Duration of CLD was analyzed with number of sessions of EVBL by One-Way ANOVA test and it showed significant more sessions of EVBL were done with longer duration of CLD (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Most patients underwent 3-4 sessions of EVBL for obliteration of varices. Number of EVBL sessions increased significantly with duration of disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1144
How to cite this:Alvi H, Zuberi BF, Rasheed T, Ibrahim MA. Evaluation of endoscopic variceal band ligation sessions in obliteration of esophageal varices. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1144
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal parasites in individuals from Khartoum state, Sudan: a case-control study
Authors: Yousif Abd Elbagi Yasir , Abd Alla Ahmed Bakheet , Saad Mohammed Baha Eldin 
Published: December 2019

Background: In developing countries, Helicobacter pylori infection is common, as are intestinal parasites. Socioeconomic circumstances and low personal hygiene lead to the spread of these infections. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between intestinal parasites and H. pylori in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This study was conducted in various hospitals in Khartoum between June and October 2018. The study involved 200 individuals: 100 patients with H. pylori as a case group and 100 healthy individuals as a control group. A stool sample was taken from each individual, and wet preparation, saturated sodium chloride flotation and formal ether concentration were used to detect intestinal parasites. Results: The results showed that 23% of H. pylori patients and 10% of healthy individuals had gastrointestinal parasites; Entamoeba histolytica was found in 12% of H. pylori cases followed by Entamoeba coli (7%) and Giardia lamblia (4%). Control group: Entamoeba histolytica in 5% followed by G. lamblia in 3% and E. coli in 2% of individuals. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasites between groups (P = 0.013). The prevalence rate of intestinal parasites among men and women was 24% and 22%, respectively, in the case group, and 9% and 11%, respectively, in the control group. In the case group, the highest prevalence rates (40% and 38%) were found among the age groups 1-15 and 46-60 years old, respectively, while the lowest rate (10.7%) was found among the 31-45 age group. In the control group, the highest prevalence rate (15%) was among the 31-45 age group, the lowest prevalence rate (8%) was found among the 16-30 age group. Conclusion: Together, we found that intestinal parasites are more common in patients with H. pylori. We also noticed that the rate of infection was not affected by gender while the age group was affected.
Invariance in ecological pattern
Authors: Frank Steven A. , Bascompte Jordi 
Published: December 2019

Background: The abundance of different species in a community often follows the log series distribution. Other ecological patterns also have simple forms. Why does the complexity and variability of ecological systems reduce to such simplicity? Common answers include maximum entropy, neutrality, and convergent outcome from different underlying biological processes. Methods: This article proposes a more general answer based on the concept of invariance, the property by which a pattern remains the same after transformation. Invariance has a long tradition in physics. For example, general relativity emphasizes the need for the equations describing the laws of physics to have the same form in all frames of reference. Results: By bringing this unifying invariance approach into ecology, we show that the log series pattern dominates when the consequences of processes acting on abundance are invariant to the addition or multiplication of abundance by a constant. The lognormal pattern dominates when the processes acting on net species growth rate obey rotational invariance (symmetry) with respect to the summing up of the individual component processes. Conclusions: Recognizing how these invariances connect pattern to process leads to a synthesis of previous approaches. First, invariance provides a simpler and more fundamental maximum entropy derivation of the log series distribution. Second, invariance provides a simple derivation of the key result from neutral theory: the log series at the metacommunity scale and a clearer form of the skewed lognormal at the local community scale. The invariance expressions are easy to understand because they uniquely describe the basic underlying components that shape pattern.
Detection and sensing of hemoglobin using one-dimensional binary photonic crystals comprising a defect layer
Authors: Abadla Mazen M. , Elsayed Hussein A. 
Published: December 2019

Believing that the detection of hemoglobin possesses a vital role in the discovery of many diseases, we present in this work a simple method for sensing and detecting hemoglobin based on one-dimensional photonic crystals. Implementing hemoglobin as a defect layer inside the proposed photonic crystal results in a resonant peak evolving within the bandgaps. The strong dependence of these resonant peaks on concentration and the consequent refractive index are the essential bases of the detection process. The role played by these parameters together with the angle of incidence on performance and efficiency of our sensor is demonstrated. In the vicinity of the investigated results, we demonstrate the values of sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and resolution to optimize the performance of our sensor. The numerical results show a significant effect of polarization mode on performance of this sensor. For TE polarization with an angle of incidence equal to 45°, we investigated sensitivity of167nmRIU−1, SNR of 0.23, FOM of0.63RIU−1, and resolution of 257 nm.
Chord Newtonâ€™s Method for Solving Fuzzy Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Usman Moyi Aliyu 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present a new approach for solving fuzzy nonlinear equations. Our approach requires toÂ compute the Jacobian matrix once throughout the iterations unlike some Newtonâ€™s-like methods which needs to compute the Jacobian matrix in every iterations. The fuzzy coefficients are presented in parametric form. Numerical results on well-known benchmarks fuzzy nonlinear equations are reported to authenticate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach.
Perspectivas del acceso a medios de comunicación en el Acuerdo Final entre el Gobierno Nacional y FARC-EP
Authors: Parada Bernal Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2019

El artículo se refiere al acceso a los medios de comunicación como uno de los subtemas del Acuerdo final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera, firmado entre el Gobierno nacional de Colombia y la guerrilla Farc-Ep, que hace parte del segundo punto titulado “Participación política: apertura democrática para construir la paz”. Con base en lo anterior, se analiza el segundo capítulo del Acuerdo final y se contrasta con el Plan Marco de Implementación, como documento que contiene los objetivos y medidas para la implementación del acuerdo, reflexionando sobre las perspectivas del cumplimiento de lo acordado en el contexto del posacuerdo.
Assessment of the Quality of Malt Obtained from Spring Malting Barley Delivered to the San Farmers’ Cooperative in 2018
Authors: Gorzelany Józef , Belcar Justyna , Matłok Natalia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study assesses the quality of malt from spring malting barley grown in the Podkarpackie Province, and delivered to the SAN Farmers' Cooperative in 2018. After the initial technological assessment in the laboratory of SAN, the grain was malted in the Department of Agricultural and Food Production Engineering at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection of the University of Rzeszow. Moisture, protein content, runoff time, viscosity, pH, wort clarity, extract content and diastatic power were determined in the tested malt, as well as wort obtained from it in the process of mashing. The average parameters of protein content, extractivity of malt ground into flour, of pH and the wort extract were normative, while the other researched parameters did not meet high quality requirements. A high loss of grain mass was noted during malting. After laboratory tests of malt and wort, it was determined that part of the malting raw material is of high malting quality and can be used without modification in the brewhouse for the malting and mashing process.