bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia and family rituals: measuring family rituals among schizophrenics and “normals”
Authors: Madianos MG , Economou M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFamily rituals consisting of ceremonial acts, traditions and patterned interactions serve as a basis of communication, collective identity, and stabilizing relationships. Therefore, the measurement of rituals in a schizophrenic family is an objectification of the family's symbolic communication and integration. Based upon this, the relationship between family rituals practice in 138 families both with a schizophrenic member (71) and without (67) was examined by the use of an originally developed instrument, the “Family Rituals Scale” (FRS). The psychometric properties of this instrument were tested and proved to be reliable. Families with a schizophrenic member were less ritualizing than the “normal” families. The correlation between FRS scores and Global Assessment Scale scores in schizophrenic patients was negative (the higher the psychosocial functioning level, the lower FRS scores), which means a higher performance of family rituals. The effect of other factors on FRS scores and the therapeutic implications are discussed.
The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in an Italian population
Authors: Ronchi P , Abbruzzese M , Erzegovesi S , Diaferia G , Sciuto G , Bellodi L 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis study presents the clinical and demographic characteristics of a sample of 131 patients, who met DSM III-R criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Our aim was to compare our epidemiological data with non-European research, and to investigate the relationship between OCD symptoms and other clinical features, ie other Axis I concomitant disturbances, personality disorders (Axis II) and family history. Furthermore, we evaluated the age at onset distribution according to sex, family history and presence/absence of a comorbid diagnosis of mood disorder, by means of survival analysis.
Mnestic disorders in long-term high-dose diazepam abuse: a pilot study
Authors: Weeß HG , Steinberg R , Pritzel M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCognitive impairment in long-term high-dose diazepam abusers (dose > 30 mg diazepam/day; duration of abuse > 12 months) was examined by administering four memory-related tests and comparing the outcomes with those of matched controls. Deficits were found in spatial and visual learning, spatial and visual short-term memory (STM) as well as for spatial and visual long-term memory (LTM). As for verbal aspects of memory, solely the acquisition of novel verbal material (verbal learning) was impaired, Furthermore, deficits in a concentration task were observed. In chronic abuse the established memory deficits are similar to cognitive impairment after single doses. Relaxing or anxiety-reducing effects of diazepam were no longer present. The results of this experimental study demonstrate the risks of diazepam use beyond therapeutic range.
The new German specialist for psychiatry and psychotherapy and its consequences for advanced training programs
Authors: Hohagen F , Berger M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn May 1992 the German Council of Physicians decided that in the future there will no longer be a specialist in psychiatry, but, only a specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapy. This decision has enormous consequences for the psychiatric training of residents specializing in the field in Germany. Psychotherapy is now an integral part of psychiatry and must be completely included in training programs. The period of advanced training in the future will encompass five years instead of four years. The future curriculum for psychiatrists is far more structured and includes many more regulations than was formerly the case. The specialist in the field must acquire equal competence on the somatic, social-psychiatric, psychopathological and psychotherapeutic levels, followed by their subsequent integration into diagnosis and therapy. Practical experience in psychotherapy must be acquired in both a primary and secondary method. The only methods capable of recognition as the primary method are psychodynamic psychotherapy and behaviour-cognitive therapy. The secondary method will be restricted to psychodynamic psychotherapy, behaviour-cognitive therapy and client-centered therapy. The principle aim of the new specialist physician regulations in Germany is to achieve a multi-dimensional approach to the diagnoses and treatment of psychiatric disorders corresponding to the complex nature of psychiatric illness.
Sleep, dexamethasone suppression test, and response to somatic therapies in an atypical affective state presenting as erotomania: a case report
Authors: Staner L 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe case of a woman presenting erotomania in the course of a loss-related depressive state is described. Clinical, biological and therapeutical characteristics highlight the role of mood in certain cases of erotomania and add support to previous accounts of the heterogeneity of this syndrome.
The pharmacologic selectivity of serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Tulloch IF 
Published: April 2020

SummaryParoxetine is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, with in vitro potency greater than that of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline. It has little affinity for a wide variety of neurotransmitter receptors, including catecholaminergic or histaminergic systems, in marked contrast to the tricyclic antidepressants. Paroxetine undergoes first-pass metabolism that is partially saturable to give metabolites that are pharmacologically inactive in vivo, unlike those of fluoxetine or sertraline.
Managing the patient with depression and anxiety
Authors: Dunner DL , Dunbar GC 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe effect of paroxetine on symptoms of anxiety associated with depression were assessed by meta-analysis of data on the use of paroxetine (n = 2963), active control (n = 1151), and placebo (n = 554) in six-week clinical trials. Paroxetine significantly reduced psychic anxiety by comparison with placebo from week 1 and was more effective than active control from week 2. Paroxetine improved somatic anxiety from week 4 of treatment. There was no association between antidepressant therapy and the emergence of anxiety symptoms in patients with little or no baseline anxiety. Paroxetine resolved baseline symptoms of agitation from week 1 of treatment, and both paroxetine and active control prevented the emergence of agitation. There was no difference between placebo and antidepressant therapy in the frequency of adverse events indicative of increased arousal. The results indicate the utility of paroxetine in depressed patients presenting with associated anxiety symptoms.
Long-term treatment of depression
Authors: Lecrubier Y 
Published: April 2020

SummaryLong-term treatment with antidepressants is now an accepted strategy in the management of depression. The demonstration of efficacy in this setting requires specific placebo-controlled trials of patients with recurrent depression studied after an adequate period of euthymia and for a long period of follow-up. This review examines the evidence for the prophylactic efficacy of antidepressant therapy with particular emphasis on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine.
Effect of tianeptine on the hypothalamic control of the corticotropic response to stress
Authors: Guillaume V , Magnan E , Cataldi M , Héry F , Dutour A , Dadoun F , Mazzocchi L , Grino M , Conte-Devolx B , Oliver C , Rettori MC , Mocaër E , Kamoun A 
Published: April 2020

SummaryStress-induced stimulation of corticotropic function involves the activation of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), which can be measured by improved methods of neuroendocrine investigation. The antiserotoninergic tricyclic antidepressant, tianeptine, reduces the corticotropic response to stress, as shown by a reduction in hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal CRH and AVP levels.
Long-term memory loss and the effects of tianeptine in young and aged mice
Authors: Lebrun C , Jaffard R 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPrevious experiments have shown that tianeptine, a new psychotropic agent with antidepressant properties, improves performance in several learning and memory tasks in mice. In more recent investigations, tianeptine was found to completely alleviate working memory deficits produced by long-term alcohol intoxication and to prevent abnormal memory loss in aged animals (Jaffardet al, 1991b, 1991c). The aim of this paper was to examine how this last finding may be integrated in our understanding of brain mechanisms involved in memory loss. For this purpose, we present a brief review of experimental data and theories which, at different levels of analysis, seems to be relevant to this issue. Together with the subsequent examination of the conditions in which tianeptine was found to improve long-term retention, we suggest that: i) long-term memory loss would be largely determined by the initial encoding of information, so that ii) tianeptine would help aged animals to use spatial mapping or configural associations more efficiently at the time of initial acquisition. This, in turn, suggests that one of the main brain target sites for tianeptine in enhancing memory is the hippocampal formation.
Tianeptine: clinical properties
Authors: Lôo H , Delalleau B , Kamoun A 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTianeptine has been shown to be an effective antidepressant versus reference drugs and to be better tolerated than amitriptyline, without the latter's anticholinergic side-effects. Its good acceptability has been confirmed in long-term use (1 year) in large patient groups. In an open pilot trial in endogenous melancholia, tianeptine showed the same activity as would be expected of a conventional antidepressant. This is being verified in a double-blind trial versus maprotiline. In a separate open study, it has demonstrated a potential to prevent relapse and recurrence in depressed patients treated for 1 year. These results are currently being tested versus placebo.
Long-term efficacy of tianeptine on alcoholic relapses in non-depressed alcoholic patients. Preliminary results
Authors: Favre JD , Lôo H , Marey C , Delalleau B 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTianeptine, whose main neurochemical action is to increase 5-HT uptake, significantly decreased alcohol consumption in rats. During a tianeptine long-term treatment study, gamma-GT levels in depressed alcoholic patients decreased, suggesting that this medication could be useful in alcoholism. The role of tianeptine in the prevention of alcoholic relapses is being evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Two hundred non-depressed patients satisfying DSM III-R criteria for Psychoactive Substance Dependence (alcohol – daily intake greater than 80 g) will enter the study after alcohol withdrawal. A minimum score of three on the Short-Mast Questionnaire, mean cell volume above 98 f1 and/or gamma-GT more than twice the upper normal value are required. Patients are treated as out-patients and surveyed for 9 months. The maintenance of abstinence is estimated through clinical and laboratory assessments. The alcohol intake is evaluated in patients who relapse. Efficacy is determined secondarily using Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Hopkins Symptom Check List and visual analogue scales. Somatic complaints are collected using AMDP-5. Preliminary results are presented.
The impact of collective use rights on share contracts: the case of the Extractive Artisanal Regime (RAE) in Chilean hake fisheries
Authors: Salazar César , Dresdner Jorge 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShare contracts are the dominant remuneration system in artisanal fisheries. Introducing regulations based on collective use rights may affect the way profits are distributed. The literature on the effect of regulatory reform on factor income distribution, however, is scarce. In this paper, we look at differences in the implementation of the Extractive Artisanal Regime in Chilean hake artisanal fisheries to test its effect on share contracts. We estimated a switching regression model using census data to calculate the average treatment effect. Our results show that crewmembers in communities regulated by some form of collective use rights receive, on average, 6 per cent more of total net incomes compared to those regulated by a limited access with global quota regime. Differences in the relation between crew size and labor rewards, as well as in the negotiating power of crewmembers under different regimes, may explain the results.
Taking measures without taking measurements? An insider's reflections on monitoring the implementation of the African Children's Charter in a changing context of armed conflict
Authors: Mezmur Benyam Dawit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe efforts to create a world fit for children, including for those affected by armed conflict, remain a work in progress. Increasingly, regional organizations, prime among them the African Union and its organs, are being asked to play a more meaningful role in pushing for the realization of the rights and protections of children in armed conflict. This piece explores trends and developments in respect of children and armed conflict in Africa, and offers few ideas on how the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, which holds significant promise, can continue to rise to this challenge.
A Matter of Scale
Authors: Chen Wang‐Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlate tectonics, one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, works particularly well in oceanic regions but has considerable difficulty to account for widespread, diffuse deformation of the continents. There has been an enduring discourse on whether continuous deformation of the crust or slip along discrete faults is a better approximation of continental tectonics. A key difficulty in resolving this issue is that the distinction between flow and slip is scale dependent. Moreover, even at scales of tens of millimeters or less, both mechanisms of deformation can coexist. Over times much longer than about 100 years, the limit of reliable geophysical data, the scale in time further complicates the problem of spatial scales. However, solutions to some problems in continental tectonics do not rely on end‐member models, and advances in understanding the role of the lithospheric mantle beneath the continental crust point the need to extend our focus below the crust.
The Distributions of Characteristic Parameters During Long‐Period Modulation Heating in the Polar Region Ionosphere
Authors: Li Huimin , Guo Lixin , Cheng Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an improved model associated with a three‐dimensional heating model with a stratified DC approach model considering inhomogeneity of ionosphere to study the distributions of characteristic parameters of lower ionosphere during long‐period modulation heating in the polar region. The distributions of Pederson conductivity, Hall conductivity, and excitation current are discussed in detail. The distributions of Pedersen conductivity reveal that the electron temperature plays more important role in spatial distribution of Pedersen conductivity, and the electron density has a small effect on the distribution of Pedersen conductivity. The distributions of Hall conductivity exhibit that the main contribution of the negative disturbance of Hall conductivity comes from the temperature‐dependent electron collision frequency and the positive disturbance comes from electron density. The distributions of excitation current indicate that the amplitude variation of excitation current is dominated by the Pedersen conductivity and Hall conductivity, and the shape variation (the rotation of long axis) of excitation current is dominated by Hall conductivity. Above all, these findings suggest that the difference between steady‐state time scale of electron temperature (milliseconds) and that of electron density (minutes) will greatly administrate the distributions of Pedersen conductivity and Hall conductivity. Excitation current, which leads to the generation of ultralow frequency/extremely‐low frequency/very low frequency, will be further affected. Finally, the estimated amplitude of the magnetic field in model is consistent with the previous experimental results in the long period modulation heating, which proves the accuracy of the model. The amplitude of magnetic field can reach several hundreds of pT at the modulation period of 50 s.
Sharp Lateral Moho Variations Across the SE Tibetan Margin and Their Implications for Plateau Growth
Authors: Xu Mijian , Huang Zhouchuan , Wang Liangshu , Xu Mingjie , Zhang Yueqiao , Mi Ning , Yu Dayong , Yuan Xiaohui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe tectonic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is a focus in the geosciences. Middle‐lower crustal flow is a popular model to interpret the geodynamic mechanism on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The model predicts different surface and Moho topographies across the plateau boundary due to the different strengths of the surrounding blocks, that is, sharp boundaries on the eastern plateau boundary and gentle variations in the southeastern plateau boundary. Here, we employ receiver function and common conversion point stacking analysis with the seismic waveforms recorded by the dense ChinArray and other local seismic stations to accurately define the Moho topography in southeastern (SE) Tibet. We find that the Moho under the Tibetan Plateau is much deeper than that under the surrounding Yangtze Craton and Indochina block; abrupt Moho changes are found across the southeastern plateau margin, similar to that under the eastern plateau margin. We interpret these sharp Moho variations across the plateau margin to have developed when the Tibetan Plateau was extruded southeastward in the late Miocene. Subsequent gravity collapse resulted in crustal extension and gentle topographic variation, while the sharp Moho slope was preserved.
Spin‐up of UK Earth System Model 1 (UKESM1) for CMIP6
Authors: Yool A. , Palmiéri J. , Jones C. G. , Sellar A. A. , de Mora L. , Kuhlbrodt T. , Popova E. E. , Mulcahy J. P. , Wiltshire A. , Rumbold S. T. , Stringer M. , Hill R. S. R. , Tang Y. , Walton J. , Blaker A. , Nurser A. J. G. , Coward A. C. , Hirschi J. , Woodward S. , Kelley D. I. , Ellis R. , Rumbold‐Jones S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor simulations intended to study the influence of anthropogenic forcing on climate, temporal stability of the Earth's natural heat, freshwater, and biogeochemical budgets is critical. Achieving such coupled model equilibration is scientifically and computationally challenging. We describe the protocol used to spin‐up the UK Earth system model (UKESM1) with respect to preindustrial forcing for use in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Due to the high computational cost of UKESM1's atmospheric model, especially when running with interactive full chemistry and aerosols, spin‐up primarily used parallel configurations using only ocean/land components. For the ocean, the resulting spin‐up permitted the carbon and heat contents of the ocean's full volume to approach equilibrium over 5,000 years. On land, a spin‐up of 1,000 years brought UKESM1's dynamic vegetation and soil carbon reservoirs toward near‐equilibrium. The end‐states of these parallel ocean‐ and land‐only phases then initialized a multicentennial period of spin‐up with the full Earth system model, prior to this simulation continuing as the UKESM1 CMIP6 preindustrial control (piControl). The realism of the fully coupled spin‐up was assessed for a range of ocean and land properties, as was the degree of equilibration for key variables. Lessons drawn include the importance of consistent interface physics across ocean‐ and land‐only models and the coupled (parent) model, the extreme simulation duration required to approach equilibration targets, and the occurrence of significant regional land carbon drifts despite global‐scale equilibration. Overall, the UKESM1 spin‐up underscores the expense involved and argues in favor of future development of more efficient spin‐up techniques.
AMOTL1 enhances YAP1 stability and promotes YAP1-driven gastric oncogenesis
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Zhang Jinglin , Li Hui , Huang Tingting , Wong Chi Chun , Wu Feng , Wu Man , Weng Nuoqing , Liu Liping , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Yu Jun , Wong Nathalie , Lo Kwok Wai , Tang Patrick M. K. , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHippo signaling functions to limit cellular growth, but the aberrant nuclear accumulation of its downstream YAP1 leads to carcinogenesis. YAP1/TEAD complex activates the oncogenic downstream transcription, such as CTGF and c-Myc. How YAP1 is protected in the cytoplasm from ubiquitin-mediated degradation remains elusive. In this study, a member of Angiomotin (Motin) family, AMOTL1 (Angiomotin Like 1), was screened out as the only one to promote YAP1 nuclear accumulation by several clinical cohorts, which was further confirmed by the cellular functional assays. The interaction between YAP1 and AMOTL1 was suggested by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. The clinical significance of the AMOTL1–YAP1–CTGF axis in gastric cancer (GC) was analyzed by multiple clinical cohorts. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of targeting the oncogenic axis was appraised by drug-sensitivity tests and xenograft-formation assays. The upregulation of AMOTL1 is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes of GC, and knocking down AMOTL1 impairs its oncogenic properties. The cytoplasmic interaction between AMOTL1 and YAP1 protects each other from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. AMOTL1 promotes YAP1 translocation into the nuclei to activate the downstream expression, such as CTGF. Knocking down AMOTL1, YAP1, and CTGF enhances the therapeutic efficacies of the first-line anticancer drugs. Taken together, AMOTL1 plays an oncogenic role in gastric carcinogenesis through interacting with YAP1 and promoting its nuclear accumulation. A combination of AMOTL1, YAP1, and CTGF expression might serve as a surrogate of Hippo activation status. The co-activation of the AMOTL1/YAP1–CTGF axis is associated with poor clinical outcomes of GC patients, and targeting this oncogenic axis may enhance the chemotherapeutic effects.