bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of spondyloarthritis lesions on magnetic resonance imaging: Results of an educational intervention
Authors: Garcia Salinas Rodrigo , Marin Josefina , Aguilar Gabriel , Ruta Santiago , Aguerre Dario , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental diagnostic tool in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), allowing us an earlier diagnosis of the disease compared to radiography.ObjectiveTo compare the performance of a recognition test on SpA MRI lesions and theoretical knowledge, before and after carrying out an educational intervention (hands‐on workshop). We also evaluated whether the successes in the tests were associated with the individual characteristics of the participants.MethodsA test was carried out involving 10 questions (seven for image recognition and three for theoretical knowledge) before and after the attendance to an MRI workshop in SpA performed in different cities in Argentina. The number of correct answers was assessed before and after the workshop; good performance was defined as the achievement of 6 correct answers on average between the pre‐ and post‐test. Participants’ characteristics were collected.ResultsA total of 106 participants were evaluated. Average of correct answers before and after the workshop were 5.3 and 6.8, respectively (P = .0001); 65% of participants achieved good performance. Performance is not associated with the characteristics of trained physicians.ConclusionMRI training workshops in SpA allow rheumatologists to improve recognition of acute inflammatory and structural lesions. The long‐term effects of such training need further evaluation.
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung: Serial CT findings, clinical features, and treatment and survival outcomes
Authors: Beck Kyongmin Sarah , Sung Yeoun Eun , Lee Kyo Young , Han Dae Hee 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundInvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung is a rare and distinct subtype of adenocarcinoma that can appear as airspace opacities on computed tomography (CT). In daily practice, we have occasionally encountered spontaneous regression of airspace opacities (SRAs) without treatment on serial CTs in patients with IMAs, which has not previously been described in the literature. Here, we describe serial CT findings with emphasis on SRAs in relation to clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in patients with IMAs.MethodsA total of 46 patients with pathologically‐confirmed IMAs of the lung from January 2013 to June 2018 were included. Serial CT scans were reviewed and the patients were classified into SRA and no‐SRA groups according to the presence of SRA. Radiological features, clinicopathological characteristics, and treatment outcomes were compared between the SRA and no‐SRA groups.ResultsA total of 32 patients were included in the no‐SRA group and 14 patients in the SRA group. IMAs in the SRA group were mostly pneumonic (P < 0.001), larger (P < 0.001), multifocal (P = 0.001), and showed higher stage (P < 0.001) on initial CT. Of seven patients who died during follow‐up, six were from the SRA group (P < 0.001). Mean overall survival for all IMAs was 86.6 months (range, 0–110 months), and the SRA group showed significantly worse overall survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIMAs of the lung showing SRAs on serial CTs are larger and multifocal, and tend to be pneumonic in type on initial CT. Patients present at a higher stage of disease, with higher mortality rate and reduced overall survival.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMAs) of the lung can show spontaneous regression of airspace opacities (SRAs) on serial CTs, without being correlated to the administration of anticancer drugs. IMAs that showed SRAs demonstrated reduced overall survival in patients.
What this study adds
When airspace opacities show regression on CT, IMA should still be included in the differential diagnosis. A more careful application of RECIST 1.1 is needed in the assessment of tumor response of IMAs.
Essential tobacco dependence medicines in 137 countries
Authors: Benipal Simran , Budhram Dalton R. , Bilimoria Krish , Woods Hannah , Wang Ri , Persaud Nav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo use a database of national essential medicine lists to determine how many include the three tobacco dependence medicines: nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion.MethodsRetrospective observational study using national essential medicine lists for 137 countries.ResultsOf the 137 countries, 34 listed at least one of the three tobacco dependence medicines included in this analysis. Bupropion was listed by 23 countries, nicotine replacement therapy by 17 countries and varenicline by eight countries.ConclusionsTobacco dependence medicines do not appear on the essential medicines lists of most countries.
Genetic signature of hybridization between Chinese spot‐billed ducks and domesticated ducks
Authors: Guo X. , Wang Z.‐C. , Wang S. , Li H.‐F. , Suwannapoom C. , Wang J.‐X. , Zhang C. , Shao Y. , Wang M.‐S. , Jiang R.‐S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this study, we analyzed 93 whole genomes from Chinese spot‐billed ducks (CSB), meat‐type ducks (MET), and egg and dual purpose‐type ducks (EDT) to characterize the genetic material flowing between the CSB and modern ducks. Using a frequency of shared identical‐by‐descent method, approximately 10.9 Mb introgression segments containing 140 genes were identified showing the signatures of introgression between CSB and EDT. Meanwhile, nearly 10.6 M introgression regions containing 149 genes were identified between CSB and MET. Based on the haplotypes tree of each segment, we found that the introgression between CSB and domesticated ducks was asymmetric with a high level of gene flow from domestic to CSB and a low level of migration in the opposite direction. Moreover, we identified several genes that were introgressions from CSB and showed the signature of positive selection, which may contribute to the breeding of modern ducks. Our results provide new insight into the evolution and breeding history of domestic ducks and may be useful for the future management of wild and domestic duck populations.
The effects of chronic endometritis on the pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Morimune Aina , Kimura Fuminori , Nakamura Akiko , Kitazawa Jun , Takashima Akiko , Amano Tsukuru , Kaku Shoji , Moritani Suzuko , Kushima Ryoji , Murakami Takashi 
Published: October 2020

ProblemChronic endometritis (CE) influences the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. However, the effect of CE on the pregnancy outcome is still unknown.Method of studyA retrospective case‐control study was conducted in a single university. Subjects who conceived by in vitro fertilization within a year after a histological diagnosis of CE under 40 years of age from September 2013 to December 2017 were extracted. The rates of miscarriage, preterm birth, term birth, and live birth per pregnancy according to the presence or absence of CE were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was performed for miscarriage, preterm birth, term birth, and live birth for eight explanatory variables of seven infertility factors and CE.ResultsA total of 39 pregnancies in 38 subjects with non‐CE and 35 pregnancies in 32 subjects with CE were ultimately analyzed. The rates of miscarriage, preterm birth, term birth, and live birth per pregnancy were 12.8% and 40.0% (P < .03), 2.6% and 14.3% (P = .1), 84.6% and 45.7% (P < .001) and 84.6% and 57.1% (P < .03) in the Non‐CE and CE groups, respectively, although only the analysis for tem birth rate had sufficient power to exclude Type II error. In logistic analysis, CE was a factor affecting the objective variables of miscarriage, term birth, and live birth.ConclusionsThe term birth rate among pregnancies decreased mainly due to an increase in miscarriages when CE was detected before pregnancy in patients treated with in vitro fertilization. A histopathological diagnosis of CE adversely affected the term birth rate per pregnancy.
Stromal cells and B cells orchestrate ectopic lymphoid tissue formation in nasal polyps
Authors: Wang Zhe‐Zheng , Song Jia , Wang Hai , Li Jing‐Xian , Xiao Qiao , Yu Ze , Wang Zhi‐Chao , Liu Jin‐Xin , Pan Li , Yao Yin , Chen Cai‐Ling , Lu Xiang , Liu Chaohong , Gao Peisong , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the importance of ectopic lymphoid tissues (eLTs) in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps (NPs) is increasingly appreciated, the mechanisms underlying their formation remain unclear.ObjectiveTo study the role of interleukin (IL)‐17A, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and lymphotoxin (LT) in eLT formation in NPs.MethodsThe expression levels of CXCL13 and LT and their receptors, in addition to the phenotypes of stromal cells in NPs, were studied by flow cytometry, immunostaining, and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Purified nasal stromal cells and B cells were cultured, and a murine model of nasal type 17 inflammation was established by intranasal curdlan challenge for the mechanistic study.ResultsThe excessive CXCL13 production in NPs correlated with enhanced IL‐17A expression. Stromal cells, with CD31−Pdpn+ fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) expansion, were the major source of CXCL13 in NPs without eLTs. IL‐17A induced FRC expansion and CXCL13 production in nasal stromal cells. In contrast, B cells were the main source of CXCL13 and LTα1β2 in NPs with eLTs. CXCL13 upregulated LTα1β2 expression on B cells, which in turn promoted CXCL13 production in nasal B cells and stromal cells. LTα1β2 induced expansion of FRCs and CD31+Pdpn+ lymphoid endothelial cells, which were the predominant stromal cell types in NPs with eLTs. IL‐17A knockout and CXCL13 and LTβR blockage diminished nasal eLT formation in the murine model.ConclusionWe identified an important role of IL‐17A‐induced stromal cell remodeling in the initiation and crosstalk between B and stromal cells via CXCL13 and LTα1β2 in the enlargement of eLTs in NPs.
Identification of genetic targets in acute myeloid leukaemia for designing targeted therapy
Authors: Mason Clinton C. , Fiol Carme R. , Baker Monika J. , Nadal‐Melsio Elisabet , Yebra‐Fernandez Eva , Bicalho Luciana , Chowdhury Avirup , Albert Michael , Reid Alistair G. , Claudiani Simone , Apperley Jane F. , Khorashad Jamshid S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFew effective therapies exist for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), in part due to the molecular heterogeneity of this disease. We sought to identify genes crucial to deregulated AML signal transduction pathways which, if inhibited, could effectively eradicate leukaemia stem cells. Due to difficulties in screening primary cells, most previous studies have performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) library knockdown screens in cell lines. Using carefully considered methods including evaluation at multiple timepoints to ensure equitable gene knockdown, we employed a large NGS short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown screen of nearly 5 000 genes in primary AML cells from six patients to identify genes that are crucial for leukaemic survival. Across various levels of stringency, genome‐wide bioinformatic analysis identified a gene in the NOX family, NOX1, to have the most consistent knockdown effectiveness in primary cells (P = 5∙39 × 10−5, Bonferroni‐adjusted), impacting leukaemia cell survival as the top‐ranked gene for two of the six AML patients and also showing high effectiveness in three of the other four patients. Further investigation of this pathway highlighted NOX2 as the member of the NOX family with clear knockdown efficacy. We conclude that genes in the NOX family are enticing candidates for therapeutic development in AML.
The intergenerational transmission of participation in collective action: The role of conversation and political practices in the family
Authors: Cornejo Marcela , Rocha Carolina , Castro Diego , Varela Micaela , Manzi Jorge , González Roberto , Jiménez‐Moya Gloria , Carvacho Héctor , Álvarez Belén , Valdenegro Daniel , Cheyre Manuel , Livingstone Andrew G. 
Published: October 2020

In this study, we examined the intergenerational transmission of collective action from parents to children. Using a mixed‐method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we analysed data from 100 dyads of activist parents in Chile (involved in the mobilizations against the dictatorship during the 1980s) and their adult children (N = 200). The quantitative analysis addressed the role of conversations about politics in the family. The results provided evidence of a direct association between those conversations and the frequency of participation in conventional and radical actions by the children, and an indirect association via children’s knowledge about parental involvement in past social movements. The qualitative phase, which used interviews and thematic analysis on a subsample of 24 dyads (N = 48), confirmed the role of political conversations, but also revealed the influence of other factors such as cultural consumption and joint political participation. This phase allowed the identification of factors that facilitate or hinder family transmission. Overall, the study highlights the relevance of family as a critical site of socialization that enables the intergenerational transmission of protest.
Sediment dispersal pathways in the Po coastal plain since the Last Glacial Maximum: Provenance signals of autogenic and eustatic forcing
Authors: Tentori Daniel , Amorosi Alessandro , Milli Salvatore , Marsaglia Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examined downstream trends in sediment composition within the modern Po River system and defined provenance changes within a selected sector of the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene coastal plain in response to paleogeographic reorganisation during the last glacial‐interglacial cycle. Sediment composition of the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial and coastal plain succession overlaps with the modern petrofacies, suggesting that ancient fluvial sand was sourced from a dynamic river system attributable to a distal paleo‐Po with episodic sediment input from South Alpine and Apennine rivers. In the wave‐dominated estuarine depositional system developed under transgressive conditions, Po‐derived detritus mixed in the coastal system with sediment fed by Central/Eastern Alpine rivers, which was redistributed southwards by alongshore currents. A similar, mixed composition of late Holocene highstand depositional systems reflects the progradation of Po delta lobes (similar in composition to Po River sands) and adjacent strandplains (typified by sediment mixing due to alongshore transport). Compositional variability across the main stratigraphic surfaces suggests that autogenic processes (e.g. marine reworking, sedimentary mixing, delta switching/abandonment) in turn influenced by glacioeustasy, controlled the development of the transgressive and highstand Po Plain succession. This study clarifies the effect of fluvial‐marine interaction during the Holocene evolution of the Po coastal system and can be used as a model to interpret the evolution of many mixed‐delta types and Quaternary successions that shows alternating river‐flood and wave‐dominated deposits.
Evolutionary heritage shapes tree distributions along an Amazon‐to‐Andes elevation gradient
Authors: Griffiths Andy R. , Silman Miles R. , Farfán Rios William , Feeley Kenneth J. , García Cabrera Karina , Meir Patrick , Salinas Norma , Dexter Kyle G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how evolutionary constraints shape the elevational distributions of tree lineages provides valuable insight into the future of tropical montane forests under global change. With narrow elevational ranges, high taxonomic turnover, frequent habitat specialization, and exceptional levels of endemism, tropical montane forests and trees are predicted to be highly sensitive to environmental change. Using plot census data from a gradient traversing > 3,000 m in elevation on the Amazonian flank of the Peruvian Andes, we employ phylogenetic approaches to assess the influence of evolutionary heritage on distribution trends of trees at the genus‐level. We find that closely related lineages tend to occur at similar mean elevations, with sister genera pairs occurring a mean 254 m in elevation closer to each other than the mean elevational difference between non‐sister genera pairs. We also demonstrate phylogenetic clustering both above and below 1,750 m a.s.l, corresponding roughly to the cloud‐base ecotone. Belying these general trends, some lineages occur across many different elevations. However, these highly plastic lineages are not phylogenetically clustered. Overall, our findings suggest that tropical montane forests are home to unique tree lineage diversity, constrained by their evolutionary heritage and vulnerable to substantial losses under environmental changes, such as rising temperatures or an upward shift of the cloud‐base.
Intersectionality, racial discrimination and oral health in Australia
Authors: Schuch Helena S , Haag Dandara G , Bastos João Luiz , Paradies Yin , Jamieson Lisa M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of studies on the extent to which perceived racial discrimination shapes oral health. Following an intersectional perspective, we estimated the prevalence of perceived racial discrimination in Australia, its association with oral health impairment, and examined whether this association was more severe among low socioeconomic status (SES) groups.MethodsData came from the 2013 National Dental Telephone Interview Survey (N = 2798), a population‐based study of Australian adults. Multivariable Poisson regression models were estimated to test the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and self‐reported oral health impairment, as well as to investigate whether the magnitude of this association was greater among low‐SES respondents. Relative Excess Risks due to Interaction (RERI) were used to indicate the presence of potentially large discrimination effects within low‐SES strata.ResultsRacial discrimination in the past 12 months was reported by 11.5% of all participants. Australians reporting racial discrimination had 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.7) times the prevalence of impaired oral health. The association between perceived racial discrimination and oral health impairment was stronger among low‐SES groups. The RERI was 0.55, indicating a super‐additive Effect Measure Modification (EMM) by income on the additive scale. Similar results were observed with the EMM analyses by educational attainment.ConclusionOur findings indicate that perceived racial discrimination, as a specific form of widespread inequality, is associated with higher frequencies of oral health impairment among Australian adults. We also suggest that socially marginalized groups bear a greater burden of the oral health effects of racial discrimination.
IVIG ameliorate inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis: projection for IVIG therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Halpert G , Katz I , Shovman O , Tarasov S , Ganina K K , Petrova N , Tocut M , Volkov A , Barshack I , Blank M , Amital H 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction and disability. Despite a significant progress in administration of biological agents for RA patients, there is still a need for improved therapy. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), a pooled polyspecific immunoglobulin (Ig)G extracted from 5000 to 20 000 healthy subjects, showed beneficial therapeutic effect in patients with immune deficiency, sepsis and autoimmune diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of treatment with IVIG in established collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1j mice. Murine arthritis was induced in DBA/1j mice. Treatment with IVIG began when the disease was established. The clinical score was followed twice a week until day 48. The mice were bled for plasma and the paws were hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained. Cytokine profile in the plasma was analyzed by Luminex technology and titers of circulating anti-collagen antibodies in the plasma was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results show that treatment with IVIG in murine significantly reduced the clinical arthritis score (P &lt; 0·001). Moreover, mode of action showed that IVIG significantly reduced circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, P &lt; 0·001], inhibiting anti-collagen antibodies (P &lt; 0·001) in the plasma of collagen-induced arthritis mice. Importantly, histopathological examination revealed that IVIG treatment prevented the migration of inflammatory immune cells into the cartilage and synovium, reduced the extent of joint damage and preserved joint architecture. Our results proved for the first time the valuable anti-inflammatory treatment of IVIG in experimental RA. We propose IVIG therapy for a subgroup of patients with rheumatologically related diseases.
Effects of knowledge and emotion on support for novel synthetic biology applications
Authors: Mankad Aditi , Hobman Elizabeth V. , Carter Lucy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is sometimes an inherent assumption that the logical head will overrule the emotional heart in matters of science and technology. However, the literature on decision making under risk and uncertainty suggests that emotional responses may be more potent. A representative sample of Australians participated in a large, national, online survey (n = 8037), in which we measured the influence of knowledge and emotion in predicting support for possible synthetic biology (synbio) solutions to conservation, environmental, and industrial problems. A hierarchical regression model was used to examine the relative influence of affect‐ and emotion‐related factors beyond the influence of knowledge factors in predicting support for synbio solutions. Subsequently, interaction analyses were conducted to examine the potentially moderating role of emotions in the knowledge–support relationship. There was 64% variance in overall support for synbio solutions (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001). The most influential predictor of support in the model was positive emotion. Feeling hopeful, excited, and curious toward a synbio technology was related to greater overall support for the development of that technology. The second strongest set of predictors was affect‐related measures that evaluate the technology as bad or good, harmful or beneficial, and risky or safe. Positive emotion and an assessment that the technology was good significantly moderated the effect of knowledge on support. These findings suggest that, at least initially, people are more likely to be guided by their emotions when considering support for synbio technologies, which has implications for how researchers design and implement engagement and communication strategies more broadly.