bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, bacteriology, and clinical characteristics of HACEK bacteremia and endocarditis: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Berge Andreas , Morenius Christian , Petropoulos Alexandros , Nilson Bo , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective was to describe the epidemiology, bacteriology, clinical presentation, risk factors for endocarditis (IE), diagnostic workup, and outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by the non-influenzae Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella genera (HACEK). A retrospective population-based cohort of patients with bacteremia collected from 2012 to 2017 was identified. Clinical data from identified patients were collected from medical records to classify patients, calculate incidences, analyze risk factors of IE, and describe the management and outcome of the cohort. A total of 118 episodes of HACEK bacteremia were identified, of which 27 were definite IE. The incidence of HACEK bacteremia was 5.2 and of HACEK IE 1.2 episodes per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. Other focal infections were identified in 55 of 118 of the episodes, most commonly within the abdomen (26 episodes). The propensity to cause IE ranged from 62 in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to 6% in Eikenella. Risk factors for IE were cardiac implantable electronical device, predisposing cardiac conditions, community acquisition, long duration of symptoms, multiple positive blood cultures, fever, heart murmur, embolization, and unknown origin of infection. The scoring system DENOVA developed to predict IE in bacteremia with Enterococcus faecalis also had a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting IE in HACEK bacteremia. The 30-day mortality was 4% in IE and 15% in non-IE bacteremia, and only one case of relapse was found. IE is common in bacteremia with Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, and Kingella but relatively rare in Haemophilus and Eikenella. Treatment failures are very rare, and DENOVA can be used to evaluate the need for transesophageal echocardiography.
Efficient Genome Editing in Multiple Salmonid Cell Lines Using Ribonucleoprotein Complexes
Authors: Gratacap Remi L. , Jin Ye Hwa , Mantsopoulou Marina , Houston Ross D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfectious and parasitic diseases have major negative economic and animal welfare impacts on aquaculture of salmonid species. Improved knowledge of the functional basis of host response and genetic resistance to these diseases is key to developing preventative and treatment options. Cell lines provide valuable models to study infectious diseases in salmonids, and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas systems provides an exciting avenue to evaluate the function of specific genes in those systems. While CRISPR/Cas editing has been successfully performed in a Chinook salmon cell line (CHSE-214), there are no reports to date of editing of cell lines derived from the most commercially relevant salmonid species Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, which are difficult to transduce and therefore edit using lentivirus-mediated methods. In the current study, a method of genome editing of salmonid cell lines using ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes was optimised and tested in the most commonly used salmonid fish cell lines: Atlantic salmon (SHK-1 and ASK cell lines), rainbow trout (RTG-2) and Chinook salmon (CHSE-214). Electroporation of RNP based on either Cas9 or Cas12a was efficient at targeted editing of all the tested lines (typically > 90% cells edited), and the choice of enzyme expands the number of potential target sites for editing within the genomes of these species. These optimised protocols will facilitate functional genetic studies in salmonid cell lines, which are widely used as model systems for infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Simulation for skills training in neurosurgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and analysis of progressive scholarly acceptance
Authors: Davids Joseph , Manivannan Susruta , Darzi Ara , Giannarou Stamatia , Ashrafian Hutan , Marcus Hani J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAt a time of significant global unrest and uncertainty surrounding how the delivery of clinical training will unfold over the coming years, we offer a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric analysis of global studies showing the crucial role simulation will play in training. Our aim was to determine the types of simulators in use, their effectiveness in improving clinical skills, and whether we have reached a point of global acceptance. A PRISMA-guided global systematic review of the neurosurgical simulators available, a meta-analysis of their effectiveness, and an extended analysis of their progressive scholarly acceptance on studies meeting our inclusion criteria of simulation in neurosurgical education were performed. Improvement in procedural knowledge and technical skills was evaluated. Of the identified 7405 studies, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria, collectively reporting 50 simulator types ranging from cadaveric, low-fidelity, and part-task to virtual reality (VR) simulators. In all, 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 7 randomised controlled trials. A random effects, ratio of means effects measure quantified statistically significant improvement in procedural knowledge by 50.2% (ES 0.502; CI 0.355; 0.649,p< 0.001), technical skill including accuracy by 32.5% (ES 0.325; CI − 0.482; − 0.167,p< 0.001), and speed by 25% (ES − 0.25, CI − 0.399; − 0.107,p< 0.001). The initial number of VR studies (n= 91) was approximately double the number of refining studies (n= 45) indicating it is yet to reach progressive scholarly acceptance. There is strong evidence for a beneficial impact of adopting simulation in the improvement of procedural knowledge and technical skill. We show a growing trend towards the adoption of neurosurgical simulators, although we have not fully gained progressive scholarly acceptance for VR-based simulation technologies in neurosurgical education.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Large Peptide Systems
Authors: Konstantinov Konstantin K , Konstantinova Alisa F 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChiral symmetry breaking in far from equilibrium systems with large number of amino acids and peptides, like a prebiotic Earth, was considered. It was shown that if organic catalysts were abundant, then effective averaging of enantioselectivity would prohibit any symmetry breaking in such systems. It was further argued that non-linear (catalytic) reactions must be very scarce (called the abundance parameter) and catalysts should work on small groups of similar reactions (called the similarity parameter) in order to chiral symmetry breaking have a chance to occur. Models with 20 amino acids and peptide lengths up to three were considered. It was shown that there are preferred ranges of abundance and similarity parameters where the symmetry breaking can occur in the models with catalytic synthesis / catalytic destruction / both catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction. It was further shown that models with catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction statistically result in a substantially higher percentage of the models where the symmetry breaking can occur in comparison to the models with just catalytic synthesis or catalytic destruction. It was also shown that when chiral symmetry breaking occurs, then concentrations of some amino acids, which collectively have some mutually beneficial properties, go up, whereas the concentrations of the ones, which don’t have such properties, go down. An open source code of the whole system was provided to ensure that the results can be checked, repeated, and extended further if needed.
Environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants measured in breast milk of lactating women from an urban area in central Poland
Authors: Grešner Peter , Zieliński Marek , Ligocka Danuta , Polańska Kinga , Wąsowicz Wojciech , Gromadzińska Jolanta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMothers’ milk is considered a channel by means of which new-borns are exposed to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), environmental pollutants entering food chain and accumulating in fat-rich tissues. In this study, the concentrations of selected PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs (a total of 29 substances) in milk samples of 110 breast-feeding women from an urban area were analyzed using the high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry method. Environmental exposure to these substances was expressed by means of the World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalent (WHO-TEQ2005) using the Toxicity Equivalent Factor values from van der Berg et al. (Toxicol. Sci. 93: 223-241, 2006). Concentrations and WHO-TEQ2005 values were then searched for plausible relationships with selected demographic and diet-related factors. The total WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent for all 29 substances was (mean ± SD) 10.57 ± 4.57 pg/g fat, while the WHO-TEQ2005 levels of PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCBs were 7.90 ± 4.17 pg/g fat and 2.67 ± 1.36 pg/g fat, respectively. The concentration and WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent of dl-PCBs correlated significantly with the mothers’ age (rP = 0.3814, p < 0.00005; rP = 0.2817, p < 0.005, respectively). The total WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent for all analyzed substances was found to be positively associated with the frequency of consumption of fish and dairy products (p < 0.05 for both associations). These outcomes must, however, be interpreted cautiously due to limited size of the study. The results of this paper may provide a basis for further studies on the exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs, and mechanisms underlying their action.
Annuloplasty for mitral valve repair in degenerative disease: to be flexible or to be rigid? That’s still the question
Authors: Bruno Vito Domenico , Di Tommaso Ettorino , Ascione Raimondo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe choice of ring for mitral valve repair is still largely left to the surgeon's preferences and there are no specific guidelines regulating this decision. Despite this previous researches have described important features appertaining to each of the different types of rings currently available. Particularly, the debate is still open in regards to the flexibility that these devices should or should not have. Later in this issue of the Journal, Panicker and colleagues have reported their results with flexible and rigid rings in mitral valve repair. The results are very interesting and once again are highlighting the importance of using the right ring for the right disease.
Do we still need CRS and HIPEC in colorectal cancer in times of modern chemotherapy and immunotherapy?
Authors: Gasser Elisabeth , Kogler Pamela , Lorenz Andreas , Kafka-Ritsch Reinhold , Öfner Dietmar , Perathoner Alexander 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPeritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and is usually treated with systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy alone. In patients with isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) without nonperitoneal metastases, however, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) has been shown to significantly improve outcome and to achieve even cure in selected patients in combination with systemic therapy. The additional use of a hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is primarily indicated to control microscopical residual tumor tissue in the peritoneal cavity after successful CRS. Another more recent option is the application of an adjuvant HIPEC to prevent peritoneal carcinomatosis in high risk patients with pT4 cancer or perforated cancer at the time of or after primary surgery. The aim of this short review is to highlight the corresponding available literature and assess the role of CRS and HIPEC in the context of modern chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Zukunft der Arbeit – Implikationen und Herausforderungen durch autonome Informationssysteme
Authors: Neuburger Rahild , Fiedler Marina 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungAutonome Informationssysteme (AIS), die lernen, schlussfolgern und entscheiden und damit eigenständig Programme zur Handlung entwickeln, stellen ein zusätzliches Element im Arbeitskontext dar. Je nach Anwendung führen sie dazu, dass sich die Arbeitsteilung zwischen Mensch und Technologie weiter verschiebt. Zwischen den beiden Extrema – Übernahme der Aufgaben alleine durch das AIS bzw. nur durch den Menschen – eröffnet sich ein breites Spektrum an Aufgaben, die in einer neuartigen Form der Arbeitsteilung durchgeführt werden können. Wir beleuchten diese veränderten Arbeitsbedingungen anhand der drei Felder Unternehmensführung, Human-Ressourcen-Management und Organisation und zeigen auf, welche Anforderungen sich hierdurch an die Kompetenzentwicklung des Menschen stellen.
Exploring childhood temperament as a moderator of the association between adolescent sexual minority status and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems
Authors: Martin‐Storey Alexa , Lemelin Jean‐Pascal , Temcheff Caroline , Déry Michèle 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual minority youth experience worse mental health compared to their heterosexual peers, reflecting the consequences of sexual minority‐based stigma. Previous research has focused on contextual variation to understand variability within this vulnerability. Childhood temperament factors such as negative affect, effortful control and surgency/extraversion are important for understanding differential susceptibility to environmental stressors. The objective of the current study was to understand how childhood temperament factors, measured prior to the most difficult developmental period for sexual minority youth, moderated the association between sexual minority status and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.MethodsYouth reporting same‐sex attraction in an ongoing longitudinal project on the development of conduct problems in Quebec, Canada were matched with heterosexual peers, for an analytic sample of 280 youth (62% girls). Structural equation models were used to examine (1) the association between youth‐reported same‐sex attraction (ages 13–16) and parent and youth‐reported internalizing and externalizing problems a year later at ages 14–17, and (2) the moderating role of temperament (ages 6–9) in this association between sexual minority status and internalizing and externalizing problems.ResultsSame‐sex attraction was associated with higher levels of youth‐reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Surgency/extraversion moderated the association between sexual minority status and youth‐reported internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that temperament linked to individual visibility may be important for understanding variation in self‐reported mental health among sexual minority youth, and supports the use of developmental constructs like temperament to better understand vulnerability to psychosocial difficulties within this population.
Response of macrobenthic communities to changes in water quality in a subtropical, microtidal estuary (Oso Bay, Texas)
Authors: de Santiago Kevin , Palmer Terence A. , Wetz Michael S. , Beseres Pollack Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe influence of nutrient loading and other anthropogenic stressors is thought to be greater in low inflow, microtidal estuaries, where there is limited water exchange. This 11-month study compared spatial changes in macrofaunal communities adjacent to regions that varied in land cover in Oso Bay, Texas, an estuarine secondary bay with inflow dominated by hypersaline discharge, in addition to discharge from multiple municipal wastewater treatment plants. Macrofauna communities changed in composition with distance away from a wastewater treatment plant in Oso Bay, with the western region of the bay containing different communities than the head and the inlet of the bay. Ostracods were numerically dominant close to the wastewater discharge point. Macrobenthic community composition is most highly correlated with silicate concentrations in the water column. Silicate is negatively correlated with salinity and dissolved oxygen, and positively correlated with nutrients within the bay. Results are relevant for environmental management purposes by demonstrating that point-source discharges can still have ecological effects in hydrologically altered estuaries.
Plant- and animal-based diet quality and mortality among US adults: a cohort study
Authors: Keaver Laura , Ruan Mengyuan , Chen Fan , Du Mengxi , Ding Chenyueyi , Wang Jiaqi , Shan Zhilei , Liu Junxiu , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNot all plant-based and animal foods exert the same health effects due to their various nutrient compositions. We aimed to assess the quality of plant-based v. animal foods in relation to mortality in a prospective cohort study. Using data collected from a nationally representative sample of 36 825 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014, we developed a de novo Comprehensive Diet Quality Index (cDQI) that assesses the quality of seventeen foods based on the healthfulness and separately scored the quality of eleven plant-based foods in a plant-based Diet Quality Index (pDQI) and six animal foods in an animal-based Diet Quality Index (aDQI). Mortality from all causes, heart disease and cancer were obtained from linkage to the National Death Index up to 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI after multivariable adjustments. During a median follow-up of 8·3 years, 4669 all-cause deaths occurred, including 798 deaths due to heart disease and 1021 due to cancer. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of cDQI had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0·75, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·86; Ptrend < 0·001), which largely reflected the inverse relationship between quality of plant-based foods (pDQI) and all-cause mortality (HR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·74; Ptrend < 0·001). No independent association was found for the quality of animal foods (aDQI) and mortality. Our results suggest that consuming healthy plant-based foods is associated with lower all-cause mortality among US adults.
Afterword: Newsprint Worlds and Reading Publics in Colonial Contexts
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the ways in which newsprint allowed local contributors and readers in colonial settings to think across gender, race, and other core colonial subject-positions. It also asks about the extent to which the central role of men in controlling local print networks has implications for how we conceptualise “publics” and “public spheres” in the colonial era.
Deep‐Time Paleoclimate Proxies
Authors: Macdonald Francis A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPre‐Cenozoic climate (>66 million years ago) has been reconstructed with climate sensitive sedimentary deposits. However, sedimentary records are inherently local and can be affected by topography and oceanic and atmospheric currents. Additionally, in tectonically active environments, the interpretation of glacigenic rocks can be ambiguous. Temperature and CO2 proxies complement the record of climate sensitive sedimentary rocks. With samples that have been carefully screened for post‐depositional alteration, carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has produced ocean temperature estimates that are consistent with the sedimentary record and CO2 proxy data. Although there are many challenges for quantitative temperature reconstructions through Earth history, maximum temperature estimates are now being extracted across the onset of Cryogenian (720–635 million years ago) snowball Earth glaciations that follow the expected cooling trend.
Divergent Estimates of Forest Photosynthetic Phenology Using Structural and Physiological Vegetation Indices
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Verger Aleixandre , Filella Iolanda , Descals Adrià , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe accurate estimation of photosynthetic phenology using vegetation indices (VIs) is important for measuring the interannual variation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but the relative performances of structural and physiological VIs remain unclear. We found that structural VIs (normalized difference VI, enhanced VI, and near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation) were suitable for estimating the start of the photosynthetically active season in deciduous broadleaf forests using gross primary production measured by FLUXNET as a benchmark, and a physiological VI (chlorophyll/carotenoid index) was better at identifying the end of the photosynthetically active season for deciduous broadleaf forests and both the start and end of season for evergreen needleleaf forests. The divergent performances were rooted in the combined control of structural and physiological regulations of carbon uptake by plants. Most existing studies of photosynthetic phenology have been based on structural VIs, so we suggest revisiting the dynamics of photosynthetic phenology using physiological VIs, which has significant implications on global plant phenology and carbon uptake studies.
On Energy Cascades in General Flows: A Lagrangian Application
Authors: Jamet Q. , Ajayi A. , Le Sommer J. , Penduff T. , Hogg A. , Dewar W. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn important characteristic of geophysically turbulent flows is the transfer of energy between scales. Balanced flows pass energy from smaller to larger scales as part of the well‐known upscale cascade, while submesoscale and smaller scale flows can transfer energy eventually to smaller, dissipative scales. Much effort has been put into quantifying these transfers, but a complicating factor in realistic settings is that the underlying flows are often strongly spatially heterogeneous and anisotropic. Furthermore, the flows may be embedded in irregularly shaped domains that can be multiply connected. As a result, straightforward approaches like computing Fourier spatial spectra of nonlinear terms suffer from a number of conceptual issues. In this paper, we develop a method to compute cross‐scale energy transfers in general settings, allowing for arbitrary flow structure, anisotropy, and inhomogeneity. We employ Green's function approach to the kinetic energy equation to relate kinetic energy at a point to its Lagrangian history. A spatial filtering of the resulting equation naturally decomposes kinetic energy into length‐scale‐dependent contributions and describes how the transfer of energy between those scalestakes place. The method is applied to a doubly periodic simulation of vortex merger, resulting in the demonstration of the expected upscale energy cascade. Somewhat novel results are that the energy transfers are dominated by pressure work, rather than kinetic energy exchange, and dissipation is a noticeable influence on the larger scale energy budgets. We also describe, but do not employ here, a technique for developing filters to use in complex domains.