bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Public Health Messages Promoting Early Detection of Dementia Among Adult Latinos With a Living Older Adult Parental Figure
Authors: Balbim Guilherme M. , Maldonado Ashley M. , Early Amy , Steinman Lesley , Harkins Kristin , Marquez David X. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the resonance of public health messages promoting early detection of dementia in adult Latinos with a living older adult loved one. Method: We conducted a mixed-methods study with focus groups and surveys to evaluate eight messages encouraging Latino adults to accompany their older loved one for cognitive assessment. Qualitative data were transcribed and coded, and thematic analysis was conducted. We used descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Results: Participants suggested that messages need to be translated into Spanish and images need to be more natural, present balance between positive and serious facial expressions, show more ethnic/racial diversity, and show family members other than the parents. Five major sociocultural themes affected how the messages were received: stigma, gender roles, the importance of the mother figure, guilt, and family togetherness. Conclusion: Public health messages targeting cultural values are needed to effectively encourage early dementia detection in Latinos. Findings can be used to adapt culturally appropriate public health messages encouraging early dementia detection in Latinos.
Patient Race and Insurance Status Do Not Impact the Treatment of Simple Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Xu Thomas Q. , Wiegmann Aaron L. , Jarazcewski Taylor J. , Ritz Ethan M. , Santos Carlos A. Q. , Dorafshar Amir H. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Health-care disparities have been reported throughout medical literature for decades. While blatant explicit bias is not prevalent, a substantial body of research has been published suggesting that systemic biases related to sex, race, income, and insurance status likely exist. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the impact of patient race and insurance status on clinical decision-making in facial fracture repair in the United States. Thus, the objective of this project was to assess if race and insurance status impacted whether patients obtained open or closed treatment of simple mandibular fractures. Methods: Patients who had either open or closed treatment of mandibular fractures were extracted from the 2012 and 2013 National Inpatient Sample and analyzed. Patients who had a length of stay longer than 3 days or died during their inpatient stay were excluded. These exclusion criteria were used to control for patients with polytrauma as well as complicated fractures. Univariate analysis was undertaken to elucidate different variable associations with the type of reduction performed. All covariates were then entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to test the variables simultaneously. Results: Patients with simple condylar, alveolar border, and closed mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo closed reduction (CR) on univariate analysis, as were patients with female gender and a fall mechanism ( P value < .05). African Americans, Hispanics, and patients without insurance were more likely to undergo open reduction on univariate analysis ( P value < .05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with simple condylar, subcondylar, alveolar border, or closed mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo a CR, as were patients with female gender and a firearm or fall mechanism ( P < .05). However, neither race nor insurance status demonstrated a statistically significant association with closed or open reduction. Conclusion: Anatomic location and mechanism of injury were the variables found to be significantly associated with patients undergoing open reduction versus CR of simple mandibular fractures—not race or insurance status.
The Impact of Music and Noise-Cancellation on Sedation Requirements During Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tran Bryant W. , Nowrouz Maliha Y. , Dhillon Sabrina K. , Xie Katherine K. , Breslin Kathryn M. , Golladay Gregory J. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Music has emerged as a well-received medical intervention. Patients may be uncomfortable during total joint replacement, which can result in high sedation requirements. These requirements place elderly patients at risk for delirium. This study compares the effect of noise-cancellation versus music medicine on sedation requirements, pain, and opioid consumption during elective total knee replacement. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center between July 2018 and July 2019. All participants underwent primary total knee arthroplasty with a combined spinal-epidural as their primary anesthetic and received noise-cancelling, wireless headphones. Patients in the control group received the noise-cancellation feature only, while patients in the experimental group were permitted to listen to music of their choice. Patients signaled a request for sedation by squeezing a noise-making rubber hippopotamus toy. The primary outcomes included whether sedation was requested by the participant, the number of sedation demand doses requested, and the amount of propofol sedation administered during the procedure. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, total opioid consumption, and time to first opioid request. Results: Seventy-one percent (n = 36) of patients agreed to participate in the study. Forty-four percent of participants in the noise-cancellation group and 19% of participants in the music group requested sedation ( P = .25). The median propofol consumption was not different between groups (0 [0-6.7] µg/kg/min vs 0 [0-0] µg/kg/min, P = .101 for noise cancellation vs music, respectively). Pain scores and opioid consumption were not different between groups. Discussion: To date, this is the first study to use Bluetooth communication, noise-cancellation, and an Internet-based music streaming service to determine whether this technology has an impact on outcomes during major orthopedic surgery. Conclusion: As an isolated intervention, the benefits of music in a complex operating room environment may be overstated. However, music integration with noise-reduction technology and patient-controlled sedation may lead to a safer and more satisfying anesthetic. More research is needed to determine the nonpharmacologic interventions that will produce positive outcomes for the geriatric population.
Use of the Highly Biocompatible Au Nanocages@PEG Nanoparticles as a New Contrast Agent for In Vivo Computed Tomography Scan Imaging
Authors: Gao Yan , Kang Jian , Lei Zhen , Li Yankun , Mei Xifan , Wang Guannan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, contrast agents have been widely used in imaging technology to improve quality. Nanoparticles have better in vivo detection capability than conventional molecular scale contrast agents. In this study, a new type of Au nanocages@PEG nanoparticles (AuNC@PEGs) with a strong X-ray absorption coefficient was synthesized as a contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) scan imaging. Results showed that AuNC@PEGs had good aqueous dispensation, low cytotoxicity, and strong X-ray absorption ability. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that the synthesized AuNC@PEGs have an evident contrast enhancement, long circulation time in the blood, and negligible toxicity in vivo. Therefore, the synthesized functionalized AuNC@PEGs in this study have great potential for clinical application in CT scan imaging.
The Cost-Effective Preparation of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Bioimaging and Enhanced Intracellular Drug Delivery
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Zheng Shaohui , Liu Long , Kong Ying , Zhang Aiwei , Xu Kai , Han Cuiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin entrapped carbon dots (DOX-CDs) were prepared for bioimaging and enhanced intracellular drug delivery. The CDs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using citrate and urea under 200 °C for 1 h. Then, DOX was successfully conjugated on the CDs via physicochemical interactions. The DOX-CDs exhibited good crystal structure, remarkable aqueous stability, excellent photoluminescence property, and a high quantum yield of 93%. The fluorescent images revealed that the DOX-CDs could be readily taken up by the cancer cells for cell labeling. Furthermore, endo-lysosomal pH-assisted DOX release behavior was observed from DOX-CDs, and the cytotoxicity of DOX-CDs was confirmed by the MTS assay against H0-8910 ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the CDs indicated bright fluorescent signal in the animal imaging test and demonstrated low toxicity after administration for 7 and 21 days. Therefore, the prepared CDs could be a promising imaging probe for biomedical imaging and intracellular drug delivery.
Evolution of PHAS loci in the young spike of Allohexaploid wheat
Authors: Zhang Rongzhi , Huang Siyuan , Li Shiming , Song Guoqi , Li Yulian , Li Wei , Li Jihu , Gao Jie , Gu Tiantian , Li Dandan , Zhang Shujuan , Li Genying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhasiRNAs (phased secondary siRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the development processes and biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. Some of phasiRNAs involve in the reproductive development in grasses, which include two categories, 21-nt (nucleotide) and 24-nt phasiRNAs. They are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 respectively, in premeiotic and meiotic anthers of rice, maize and other grass species. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) with three closely related subgenomes (subA, subB and subD), is a model of allopolyploid in plants. Knowledge about the role of phasiRNAs in the inflorescence development of wheat is absent until now, and the evolution ofPHASloci in polyploid plants is also unavailable.ResultsUsing 261 small RNA expression datasets from various tissues, a batch ofPHAS(phasiRNA precursors) loci were identified in the young spike of wheat, most of which were regulated by miR2118 and miR2275 in their target site regions. Dissection ofPHASand their trigger miRNAs among the diploid (AA and DD), tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) genomes ofTriticumindicated that distribution ofPHASloci were dominant randomly in local chromosomes, while miR2118 was dominant only in the subB genome. The diversity ofPHASloci in the three subgenomes of wheat and their progenitor genomes (AA, DD and AABB) suggested that they originated or diverged at least before the occurrence of the tetraploid AABB genome. The positive correlation between thePHASloci or the trigger miRNAs and the ploidy of genome indicated the expansion of genome was the major drive force for the increase ofPHASloci and their trigger miRNAs inTriticum. In addition, the expression profiles of thePHAStranscripts suggested they responded to abiotic stresses such as cold stress in wheat.ConclusionsAltogether, non-coding phasiRNAs are conserved transcriptional regulators that display quick plasticity inTriticumgenome. They may be involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress in wheat. It could be referred to molecular research on male reproductive development inTriticum.
Biofilm forming properties of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli from the broiler production chain and their dynamics in mixed biofilms
Authors: Nesse Live L. , Osland Ane Mohr , Mo Solveig S. , Sekse Camilla , Slettemeås Jannice S. , Bruvoll Anna Eline E. , Urdahl Anne Margrete , Vestby Lene K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Quinolone resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) have been found in samples from Norwegian broiler chicken, despite quinolones not being administered to poultry in Norway. Biofilm production may be one factor contributing to the observed persistence in the broiler production chain. In the present study, 158 QREC strains from chicken caecal and retail meat samples were screened for biofilm production in microtiter plates, biofilm morphotype on Congo Red (CR) agar plates and phylotype by multiplex PCR. Furthermore, the dynamics in mixed biofilms with strains of different morphotypes were studied on glass slides and on CR agar plates.

Results
All strains but one produced biofilm in microtiter plates and/or on CR agar plates at room temperature. There were no differences between strains from chicken caecum and chicken retail meat in the mean amount of biofilm produced in microtiter plates. Furthermore, no differences in biofilm production were observed between phylotypes. However, significant differences in biofilm production were found between biofilm morphotypes. The morphotype RDAR (red dry and rough, which has both curli and cellulose in the matrix, was displayed by 70% of the strains. Mean biofilm production by these strains were significantly higher than by strains with the morphotypes PDAR (pink dry and rough) with only cellulose or BDAR (brown dry and rough) with only curli. Interestingly, the two latter morphotypes produced biofilms with the morphotype RDAR when grown together. None of the strains achieved significantly higher numbers of colony forming units (cfu) in mixed biofilms than in single strain biofilms on glass slides.

Conclusions
The results indicate that QREC can form biofilm reservoirs on both inert and organic surfaces in production environments, as well as on meat. This may contribute to persistence and dissemination of the strains. Strains with both curli and cellulose in the biofilm matrix were significantly better biofilm formers than strains lacking one of these components. However, strains with only one of the components could compensate for this by producing mixed biofilms with strains having the other component, and thereby most likely enhance their probabilities of persistence in the production environment.
αβ-Dehydrocurvularin isolated from the fungus Aspergillus welwitschiae effectively inhibited the behaviour and development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots
Authors: Xiang Chao , Liu Ying , Liu Shi-Ming , Huang Ya-Fei , Kong Ling-An , Peng Huan , Liu Mao-Yan , Liu Jing , Peng De-Liang , Huang Wen-Kun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has become a serious threat to rice production as a result of the cultivation changes from transplanting to direct seeding. The nematicidal activity of Aspergillus welwitschiae have been investigated in vitro, and the disease control efficacy of the active compound has been evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions.

Results
The active compound αβ-dehydrocurvularin (αβ-DC), isolated by nematicidal assay-directed fractionation, showed significant nematicidal activity against M. graminicola, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 122.2 μg mL− 1. αβ-DC effectively decreased the attraction of rice roots to nematodes and the infection of nematodes and also suppressed the development of nematodes under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, αβ-DC efficiently reduced the root gall index under field conditions.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the nematicidal activity of αβ-DC against M. graminicola. The results obtained under greenhouse and field conditions provide a basis for developing commercial formulations from αβ-DC to control M. graminicola in the future.
The iTRAQ-based chloroplast proteomic analysis of Triticum aestivum L. leaves subjected to drought stress and 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviation reveals several proteins involved in the protection of photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Yuexia , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Nana , Wei Shimei , Wang Jianan , Qin Fujun , Suo Biao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds
The perturbance of chloroplast proteins is a major cause of photosynthesis inhibition under drought stress. The exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mitigates the damage caused by drought stress, protecting plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism behind this process remains obscure.

Results
Wheat seedlings were drought treated, and the iTRAQ-based proteomic approach was employed to assess the difference in chloroplast protein content caused by exogenous ALA. A total of 9499 peptides, which could be classified into 2442 protein groups, were identified with ≤0.01 FDR. Moreover, the contents of 87 chloroplast proteins was changed by drought stress alone compared to that of the drought-free control, while the contents of 469 was changed by exogenous ALA application under drought stress compared to that of drought stress alone. The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results suggested that the ALA pretreatment adjusted some biological pathways, such as metabolic pathways and pathways involved in photosynthesis and ribosomes, to enhance the drought resistance of chloroplasts. Furthermore, the drought-promoted H2O2 accumulation and O2− production in chloroplasts were alleviated by the exogenous pretreatment of ALA, while peroxidase (POD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were upregulated, which agreed with the chloroplast proteomic data. We suggested that ALA promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in chloroplasts by regulating enzymatic processes.

Conclusions
Our results from chloroplast proteomics extend the understanding of the mechanisms employed by exogenous ALA to defend against drought stress in wheat.
Genome-wide analysis of RopGEF gene family to identify genes contributing to pollen tube growth in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Kim Eui-Jung , Park Sung-Wook , Hong Woo-Jong , Silva Jeniffer , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing , Jung Ki-Hong , Kim Yu-Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In plants, the key roles played by RopGEF-mediated ROP signaling in diverse processes, including polar tip growth, have been identified. Despite their important roles in reproduction, a comprehensive analysis of RopGEF members has not yet been performed in rice (Oryza sativa). To determine whether RopGEF regulators are involved in rice pollen tube growth, we performed genome-wide analysis of this family in rice.

Results
Phylogenomic and meta-expression analysis of eleven RopGEFs in rice showed that four genes were preferentially expressed in mature pollen. These four genes contain the plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger (PRONE) domain and possible phosphorylated residues, suggesting a conserved role in polar tip growth with Arabidopsis thaliana. In subcellular localization analysis of the four RopGEFs through tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) infiltration, four proteins were predominantly identified in plasma membrane. Moreover, double mutants of RopGEF2/8 exhibited reduced pollen germination, causing partial male sterility. These genes possess unique cis-acting elements in their promoters compared with the other RopGEF genes.

Conclusions
In this study, four RopGEF genes were identified as pollen-specific gene in eleven members of rice, and the expression pattern, promoter analysis, and evolutionary relationship of the RopGEF family were studied compared with Arabidopsis. Our study indicated that four RopGEF genes might function during pollen germination in distinct subcellular localization. Our study could provide valuable information on the functional study of RopGEF in rice.
Transcriptome and metabolite analyses provide insights into zigzag-shaped stem formation in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Cao Hongli , Wang Feiquan , Lin Hongzheng , Ye Yijun , Zheng Yucheng , Li Jiamin , Hao Zhilong , Ye Naixing , Yue Chuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Shoot orientation is important for plant architecture formation, and zigzag-shaped shoots are a special trait found in many plants. Zigzag-shaped shoots have been selected and thoroughly studied in Arabidopsis; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying zigzag-shaped shoot development in other plants, especially woody plants, is largely unknown.

Results
In this study, tea plants with zigzag-shaped shoots, namely, Qiqu (QQ) and Lianyuanqiqu (LYQQ), were investigated and compared with the erect-shoot tea plant Meizhan (MZ) in an attempt to reveal the regulation of zigzag-shaped shoot formation. Tissue section observation showed that the cell arrangement and shape of zigzag-shaped stems were aberrant compared with those of normal shoots. Moreover, a total of 2175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the zigzag-shaped shoots of the tea plants QQ and LYQQ compared to the shoots of MZ using transcriptome sequencing, and the DEGs involved in the “Plant-pathogen interaction”, “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “Flavonoid biosynthesis” and “Linoleic acid metabolism” pathways were significantly enriched. Additionally, the DEGs associated with cell expansion, vesicular trafficking, phytohormones, and transcription factors were identified and analysed. Metabolomic analysis showed that 13 metabolites overlapped and were significantly changed in the shoots of QQ and LYQQ compared to MZ.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that zigzag-shaped shoot formation might be associated with the gravitropism response and polar auxin transport in tea plants. This study provides a valuable foundation for further understanding the regulation of plant architecture formation and for the cultivation and application of horticultural plants in the future.
Agreement of claims-based methods for identifying sepsis with clinical criteria in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort
Authors: Donnelly John P. , Dai Yuling , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Zhao Hong , Safford Monika M. , Baddley John W. , Muntner Paul , Wang Henry E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Claims-based algorithms are commonly used to identify sepsis in health services research because the laboratory features required to define clinical criteria may not be available in administrative data.

Methods
We evaluated claims-based sepsis algorithms among adults in the US aged ≥65 years with Medicare health insurance enrolled in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Suspected infections from baseline (2003–2007) through December 31, 2012 were analyzed. Two claims-based algorithms were evaluated: (1) infection plus organ dysfunction diagnoses or sepsis diagnoses (Medicare-Implicit/Explicit) and (2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Measure diagnoses (Medicare-CMS). Three classifications based on clinical criteria were used as standards for comparison: (1) the sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (REGARDS-SOFA), (2) “quick” SOFA (REGARDS-qSOFA), and (3) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention electronic health record criteria (REGARDS-EHR).

Results
There were 2217 suspected infections among 9522 participants included in the current study. The total number of suspected infections classified as sepsis was 468 for Medicare-Implicit/Explicit, 249 for Medicare-CMS, 541 for REGARDS-SOFA, 185 for REGARDS-qSOFA, and 331 for REGARDS-EHR. The overall agreement between Medicare-Implicit/Explicit and REGARDS-SOFA, REGARDS-qSOFA, and REGARDS-EHR was 77, 79, and 81%, respectively, sensitivity was 46, 53, and 57%, and specificity was 87, 82, and 85%. Comparing Medicare-CMS and REGARDS-SOFA, REGARDS-qSOFA, and REGARDS-EHR, agreement was 77, 87, and 85%, respectively, sensitivity was 27, 41, and 36%, and specificity was 94, 92, and 93%. Events meeting the REGARDS-SOFA classification had a lower 90-day mortality rate (140.7 per 100 person-years) compared with the Medicare-CMS (296.1 per 100 person-years), REGARDS-qSOFA (238.6 per 100 person-years), Medicare-Implicit/Explicit (219.4 per 100 person-years), and REGARDS-EHR classifications (201.8 per 100 person-years).

Conclusion
Claims-based sepsis algorithms have high agreement and specificity but low sensitivity when compared with clinical criteria. Both claims-based algorithms identified a patient population with similar 90-day mortality rates as compared with classifications based on qSOFA and EHR criteria but higher mortality relative to SOFA criteria.