bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
House price expectations, mortgages, and subjective well‐being in urban China
Authors: Su Zhifang , Huang Jr‐Tsung , Lin Arthur Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims at investigating the roles of house price expectations and mortgages in urban dwellers' subjective well‐being (SWB) in China. Using 3,717 urban householder respondents collected in the 2011 China Household Finance Survey and categorizing the sample into three subsamples: homeowners without and with a home loan, and nonhomeowners, the ordered logit models of the ordinal‐dependent variable SWB with and without considering the endogeneity problem are estimated using these three subsamples separately. The primary finding is that house price expectations have a negative influence on the likelihood of having a better SWB only for homeowners without a home loan. However, more houses can mitigate this negative influence. For homeowners with a home loan, mortgages have a negative impact on the likelihood of having a better SWB. Finally, the Beijing sample based on the 2017 data also supports the influences of house price expectations and mortgages on SWB.
Transnational Jihadism and the Role of Criminal Judges: An Ethnography of French Courts
Authors: WEILL SHARON 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLower national courts are increasingly asked to perform a transnational role, being directly involved in major geopolitical issues such as conflicts, migration, and transnational terrorism. Based on an ethnography of French criminal courts, this article aims to examine this emerging role of national lower courts as transnationalized players. Through an examination of terrorism prosecutions in France and the positions of the different judicial actors, it is argued that lower criminal courts, acting within a transnational context, can offer more robust resistance to states’ policies than supreme courts. This is because of the routine and the banality of their function and the direct interaction with the accused persons coupled with the judges’ own professional ethos and notion of judicial independence. Unlike supreme courts, whose role is more visible, and thus under the constant scrutiny of the political branches of the state, lower courts can operate in a more distant, independent space.
Identification structure of the mating‐type locus and distribution of Kabatiella zeae in China
Authors: Chen Nan , Sun Jiaying , Liu Kexin , Jiang Pengcheng , Wang Fen , Fu Dandan , Xiao Shuqin , Ma Changguang , Zhang Shuping , Xue Chunsheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 51 isolates, the causing agents of maize eyespot, were identified as Kabatiella zeae with morphological and molecular methods. The structure of the MAT locus in K. zeae JLMHK‐9 strain contains MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 genes which are transcribed in opposite directions, DNA lyase gene (APN2) which is adjacent to the 3′ flanking region of MAT1‐2‐1 gene and a pleckstrin homology domain (PH) which is adjacent to the 3′ flanking region of MAT1‐1‐1 gene. The specific primers are used to identify the mating types of K. zeae isolates collected from six provinces in China, and our findings speculate that K. zeae is a homothallic species.
A marineChlamydomonassp. emerging as an algal model
Authors: Carrasco Flores David , Fricke Markus , Wesp Valentin , Desirò Daniel , Kniewasser Anja , Hölzer Martin , Marz Manja , Mittag Maria 
Published: October 2020

The freshwater microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtii, which lives in wet soil, has served for decades as a model for numerous biological processes, and many tools have been introduced for this organism. Here, we have established a stable nuclear transformation for its marine counterpart,Chlamydomonassp. SAG25.89, by fusing specificcis‐acting elements from itsActingene with the gene providing hygromycin resistance and using an elaborated electroporation protocol. LikeC. reinhardtii,Chlamydomonassp. has a high GC content, allowing reporter genes and selection markers to be applicable in both organisms.Chlamydomonassp. grows purely photoautotrophically and requires ammonia as a nitrogen source because its nuclear genome lacks some of the genes required for nitrogen metabolism. Interestingly, it can grow well under both low and very high salinities (up to 50 g · L‐1) rendering it as a model for osmotolerance. We further show thatChlamydomonassp. grows well from 15 to 28°C, but halts its growth at 32°C. The genome ofChlamydomonassp. contains some gene homologs the expression of which is regulated according to the ambient temperatures and/or confer thermal acclimation inC. reinhardtii. Thus, knowledge of temperature acclimation can now be compared to the marine species. Furthermore,Chlamydomonassp. can serve as a model for studying marine microbial interactions and for comparing mechanisms in freshwater and marine environments.Chlamydomonassp. was previously shown to be immobilized rapidly by a cyclic lipopeptide secreted from the antagonistic bacteriumPseudomonas protegensPF‐5, which deflagellatesC. reinhardtii.
Phylogenomic analysis clarifies the evolutionary origin of Coffea arabica
Authors: Bawin Yves , Ruttink Tom , Staelens Ariane , Haegeman Annelies , Stoffelen Piet , Mwanga Mwanga Jean‐Claude Ithe , Roldán‐Ruiz Isabel , Honnay Olivier , Janssens Steven B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterspecific hybridization events have played a major role in plant speciation, yet the evolutionary origin of hybrid species often remains enigmatic. Here, we inferred the evolutionary origin of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica, which is widely cultivated for Arabica coffee production. We estimated genetic distances between C. arabica and all species that are known to be closely related to C. arabica using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data. In addition, we reconstructed a time‐calibrated multilabeled phylogenetic tree of 24 species to estimate the age of the C. arabica hybridization event. Ancestral states of self‐compatibility were also inferred to shed new light on the evolution of self‐compatibility in Coffea. Coffea canephora and C. eugenioides were confirmed as the putative progenitor species of C. arabica. These species most likely hybridized between 1.08 million and 543 000 years ago, coinciding with periods of environmental upheaval, which may have induced range shifts of the progenitor species that facilitated the emergence of C. arabica.
Correlation of thyroid hormone measurements with thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation test results in radioiodine‐treated cats
Authors: Wakeling Jennifer , Hall Teresa , Williams Timothy L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIatrogenic hypothyroidism can develop after radioiodine‐I131(RAI) treatment of hyperthyroid cats and can be diagnosed using the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation test.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of noncritical illness on TSH stimulation test results in euthyroid and RAI‐treated cats. To assess the correlation of low total‐thyroxine (tT4), low free‐thyroxine (fT4), and high TSH concentrations with TSH stimulation test results.AnimalsThirty‐three euthyroid adult cats and 118 client‐owned cats previously treated with RAI.MethodsTotal‐thyroxine, fT4, and TSH were measured, and a TSH stimulation test was performed in all cats. Euthyroid control cats were divided into apparently healthy and noncritical illness groups. RAI‐treated cats were divided into RAI‐hypothyroid (after‐stimulation tT4 ≤ 1.5 μg/dL), RAI‐euthyroid (after‐stimulation tT4 ≥ 2.3 μg/dLORafter‐stimulation tT4 1.5‐2.3 μg/dL and before : after tT4 ratio > 1.5), and RAI‐equivocal (after stimulation tT4 1.5‐2.3 μg/dL and tT4 ratio < 1.5) groups.ResultsNoncritical illness did not significantly affect the tT4 following TSH stimulation in euthyroid (P= .38) or RAI‐treated cats (P= .54). There were 21 cats in the RAI‐equivocal group. Twenty‐two (85%) RAI‐hypothyroid cats (n = 26) and 10/71 (14%) of RAI‐euthyroid cats had high TSH (≥0.3 ng/mL). Twenty‐three (88%) RAI‐hypothyroid cats had low fT4 (<0.70 ng/dL). Of the 5 (7%) RAI‐euthyroid cats with low fT4, only one also had high TSH. Only 5/26 (19%) RAI‐hypothyroid cats had tT4 below the laboratory reference interval (<0.78 μg/dL).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe veterinary‐specific chemiluminescent fT4 immunoassay and canine‐specific TSH immunoassay can be used to aid in the diagnosis of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in cats.
Factors associated with the risk of positive blood culture in neonatal foals presented to a referral center (2000‐2014)
Authors: Furr Martin , McKenzie Harold 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) are common in sick foals and increase foal morbidity and mortality when they occur. Recognition of risk factors for BSI could be an important means to limit their occurrence, but studies on this topic are limited.ObjectivesHistorical as well as maternal and foal physical examination findings will predict risk of BSI in neonatal foals.AnimalsFoals <14 days of age admitted to a referral equine hospital for care.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐nine (143 cases and 286 controls) foals <14 days of age were studied. Risk of a foal having a BSI was increased in foals with umbilical disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11.01;P= .02), hypoglycemia (adjusted OR, 13.51;P= .03), and the combined presence of umbilical disease and low hematocrit (adjusted OR, >999.99;P= .04). Factors not found to be risk factors for development of BSI included prematurity, hypothermia, abdominal disease, diarrhea, failure of passive transfer, and maternal uterine infection.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSeveral historical and physical examination findings increase the risk of foals being blood culture positive at presentation to the hospital. This knowledge may aid early identification of blood culture status, thus aiding in treatment decisions.
CK‐18 cell death markers improve the prediction of histological remission in autoimmune hepatitis during biochemical remission
Authors: Derben Finn C. , Engel Bastian , Zachou Kalliopi , Hartl Johannes , Hartleben Björn , Bantel Heike , Schramm Christoph , Dalekos George N. , Manns Michael P. , Jaeckel Elmar , Taubert Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncomplete histological remission of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is associated with a reduced long‐term survival and an increased relapse rate even during biochemical remission (BR). The aim of this international multicentre study was to explore the diagnostic fidelity of cytokeratin‐18 cell death markers to noninvasively detect incomplete histological remission. Thereby, cytokeratin‐18 cell death marker M65 but not ALT and immunoglobulins was significantly higher in patients with incomplete histological remission (mHAI ≥ 4) compared to those with mHAI ≤ 3. M65 levels > 305 U/L, identified in the training cohort, facilitated the noninvasive detection of incomplete histological remission with a sensitivity of 75% and negative predictive value of 86% in the validation cohort. While BR with M65 < 305 U/L suggested complete histological remission (86%), BR with M65 > 305 U/L reduced the rate of histological remission to 60%. In conclusion, M65 may help to better select patients for or to reduce surveillance liver biopsies in the future.
Assessing the lethality of ship strikes on whales using simple biophysical models
Authors: Kelley Dan E. , Vlasic James P. , Brillant Sean W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies of ship strikes on whales often focus on large vessels (>20 m), with attention to their speeds and the resulting risk of lethality. Smaller coastal vessels also co‐occur with whales, resulting in collisions that merit study. To cast light on injuries caused by vessels of all sizes, we used knowledge of right whale anatomy and Newtonian mechanics to construct simple models that predict the mechanical stresses experienced by whales during collisions. By comparing our predictions with published models and with data from ship strikes on various whale species, we developed a model for lethal injury as a function of several vessel and whale properties, finding that collisions that create stresses in excess of 0.241 MPa were likely to cause lethal injuries to large whales. Furthermore, this model has revealed that (1) vessels of all sizes can yield stresses higher than this critical level, and (2) large vessels produce stresses much larger than this even when travelling at reduced speeds (i.e., 10 knots). The model is fast enough to power an interactive GUI‐based tool (in R) and flexible enough to simulate strikes by vessels of different masses and speeds upon whales of different species, sizes, and physical conditions.
Translating the seminal findings of Carl Lüderitz: A description in English of his extraordinary studies of gastrointestinal motility accompanied by a historical view of peristalsis
Authors: Schemann Michael , Mai Gunther , Costa Marcello , Enck Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarl Lüderitz provided the first comprehensive description of peristalsis in vivo in his publication from 1889 before Bayliss and Starling described the peristaltic reflex in isolated intestinal segments ex vivo 10 years later. At that time, the peristaltic reflex, responsible for progression of intestinal content, was referred to as the Lüderitz‐Bayliss‐Starling reflex. This shows that his peers around 1900 were very well aware of the significant impact of Lüderitz´s papers.PurposeA major intention in this review is to bring the significant contributions by Dr. Carl Lüderitz (1854–1930) to the attention of our colleagues working in the field of Gastroenterology, in particular those interested in Neurogastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Motility. Until 1891, Carl Lüderitz published five more papers on the sensory and motor components of peristalsis including one seminal paper on stimulus‐evoked muscle responses in the stomach in vivo. For most of his life, Carl Lüderitz was a practicing physician and doctor for the poor in Berlin. He spent a rather short time in academia, mostly during his studies in Jena under supervision of his cousin, the famous internist Hermann Nothnagel, and later in Berlin, where he volunteered for short periods at various university institutes but without any formal appointment. This paper is to honor Carl Lüderitz. We divided it into four chapters: a short biography, a summary and evaluation of his contributions, a translation of his seminal paper on peristalsis, and finally a historical view on peristalsis.
Gastric slow wave rhythm identification using new approach based on noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert–Huang transform
Authors: Komorowski Dariusz , Mika Barbara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundElectrogastrography (EGG) is the method of cutaneous recording of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach. A multi‐channel signal is recorded non‐invasively by means of electrodes placed outside the epigastric area. The normal electrical rhythm of the stomach (slow wave) may become significantly disturbed due to disorders of gastrointestinal tract. Abnormally fast electrical rhythms are termed tachygastria, while abnormally slow rhythms are known as bradygastria. Because some features of biological signals may go undetected using the classical methods of signal spectral analysis, we propose a new method for EGG rhythm identification.MethodsIn this study, the calculation of the basic rhythms of multi‐channel EGG signals is performed by means of the noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA‐MEMD) and Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), using EGG data from eight healthy subjects. The results were compared with those obtained using classical spectral analysis.Key ResultsThe mean values of the normogastric index for preprandial and two postprandial stages were found to be 64.78 ± 11.37%, 61.29 ± 15.86%, and 63.80 ± 13.24%, respectively. The obtained values of normogastric index are consistent with the normal human physiological value, which is approximately 70% for healthy subjects.ConclusionsThis method is able to capture features of the signal which are mostly undetectable by standard EGG processing methods. The EGG dominant rhythm identification using the instantaneous normogastric, bradygastric, and tachygastric indices provides new insights into biological EGG patterns.
The added value of symptom analysis during a rapid drink challenge in high‐resolution esophageal manometry
Authors: Zerbib Frank , Luna Daniel , Marin Ingrid , Serra Jordi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with esophageal symptoms often remain with an uncertain diagnosis after high‐resolution manometry.AimTo determine the added value of concomitant pressure and symptom analysis in response to a rapid drink challenge (RDC).MethodsIn consecutive patients referred for esophageal manometry, a RDC consisting in free drinking of 200 ml of water as quick as possible was performed after the standard single water swallows manometry. Both pressure patterns and usual symptoms induced by the RDC were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1319 patients were included, (64.7% women, mean age 58.2 years, range 11–90). There were significant differences in pressure responses between patients with obstructive disorders, major hypercontractile disorders, esophageal hypomotility disorders and normal motility. The RDC provoked usual symptoms in 388 (29.4%) patients, associated with hyperpressive and obstructive patterns in 14.0% and 16.6%, respectively. Reproduction of dysphagia and regurgitation (not pain) was significantly associated with abnormal pressure responses during the RDC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The RDC elicited both abnormal pressure patterns and symptoms in 6.2%, 1.6%, and 20.8% of patients with normal motility, ineffective esophageal motility, and esophago‐gastric junction outflow obstruction, respectively.ConclusionConcomitant evaluation of symptoms and pressure responses to a RDC may increase the specificity of esophageal motor testing in patients with inconclusive diagnosis or normal esophageal motility.
Anesthetic Management of Patients After Scoliosis Surgery: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Qiang , Zeng Fei , Chen Tao , Pu Chun , Liang Yi‐jian , Zheng Chuan‐dong 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of anesthetic management on scoliosis surgery and review the incidence rate of perioperative adverse events.MethodsThis was a retrospective study and approved by the ethics committee. Patients who underwent scoliosis surgery from April 2011 to March 2018 in the Third Hospital of ChengDu were enrolled in this study. Characteristics of patients were obtained from the hospital's electronic records. The following information on patients was collected: preoperative assessment details, premedication, type of anesthesia and operation, the main postoperative outcome, and complications. Data were presented as the mean ± standard deviations (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables and numbers for categorical variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0.ResultsIn total, 513 patients were enrolled in the present study. The main preoperative complication was cardiopulmonary dysfunction (386 cases, 75.24%). Anesthesia induction was performed with conscious tracheal intubation after oral surface anesthesia. In total, the common postoperative complications involved anesthesia (24 cases, 4.68%), surgery (23 cases, 4.48%), the respiratory system (138 cases, 26.90%), and the gastrointestinal tract (nine cases, 1.75%). The majority of postoperative complications were postoperative hypoxemia and hypercapnia, caused by poor cardiopulmonary function. Rare and serious complications still occurred. Three patients died in hospital.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a high incidence of complications in scoliosis surgery, especially postoperative complications. Extreme postoperative vigilance is required and high‐level monitoring of conditions is highly recommended.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 and the future of crop plants
Authors: Bhargava Sujata , Mitra Sirsha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 levels on Earth have risen steeply over the last 60 years and will continue to do so in future. CO2 traps heat from earth's surface, which causes an increase in temperature and leads to other climatic changes. Crop plants are currently challenged by climate change. In general, elevated CO2 increases photosynthetic rates, plant growth and the ability of plants to counteract stress. However, the effect of eCO2 on respiration is not apparent. Plants growing at eCO2 probably do not have sufficient respiratory ATP to drive cellular processes like nutrient uptake and transport, which impairs their nutritional quality. Here, we review how eCO2 modulates growth and nutritional value of crop plants, emphasizing the contribution of photosynthesis and respiration. We highlight the mechanisms that modulate acclimation and adaptive responses of plants to eCO2 and also discuss the ecological consequences. Finally, we project sorghum as a model for an eCO2 ready crop.
NADPH oxidases and the evolution of plant salinity tolerance
Authors: Liu Minmin , Yu Huiyang , Ouyang Bo , Shi Chunmei , Demidchik Vadim , Hao Zhifeng , Yu Min , Shabala Sergey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil salinization is a major threat to global food security and the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. To adapt to salt stress, plants rely on ROS‐mediated signalling networks that operate upstream of a broad array of physiological and genetic processes. A key player in ROS signalling is NADPH oxidase, a plasma‐membrane‐bound enzyme encoded by RBOH genes. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of over 50 halophytic and glycophytic species to link the difference in the kinetics of ROS signalling between contrasting species with the abundance and/or structure of NADPH oxidases. The RBOH proteins were predicted in all the tested plant lineages except some algae species from the Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Within the glycophytic group, the number of RBOH copies correlated negatively with salinity stress tolerance, suggesting that a reduction in the number of RBOH isoforms may be potentially related to the evolution of plant salinity tolerance. While halophytes did not develop unique protein families during evolution, they evolved additional phosphorylation target sites at the N‐termini of NADPH oxidases, potentially modulating enzyme activity and allowing more control over their function, resulting in more efficient ROS signalling and adaptation to saline conditions.