bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveying the Lettuce Genome: Genome-wide Identification of Hsfs and Hsps in Response to UV and High Light Stress
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Samraj Shafina , Jimenez Juan , Gómez Celina , Liu Tie , Begcy Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Heat shock factors (Hsfs) and Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to an essential group of molecular regulators involved in controlling cellular processes under normal and stress conditions. The role of Hsfs and Hsps is well known in model plant species under diverse stress conditions. However, in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a highly consumed vegetable crop grown in the field and in hydroponic systems, the role of these gene families in response to artificial light is not well characterized. Results Using a genome-wide analysis approach, we identified 32 Hsfs and 22 small heat shock proteins (LsHsps) in lettuce, some of which do not have orthologous in Arabidopsis, poplar, and rice. LsHsp60s, LsHsp90s, and LsHsp100s are highly conserved among dicot and monocot species. Surprisingly, LsHsp70s have three times more members than Arabidopsis and two times more than rice. Genome triplication might have contributed to the increased number of LsHsp70s genes. Chromosomal distribution analysis shows larger tandem repeats of LsHsp70s genes in Chr1, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr9. At the transcriptional level, some genes of the LsHsfs, LsHsps, LsHsp60s, and LsHsp70s families were highly responsive to UV and high light stress, in contrast of LsHsp90s and LsHsp100s which did not respond to a light stimulus. Conclusions Our genome-wide analysis provides a detail identification of Hsfs and Hsps in lettuce. Chromosomal location and syntenic region analysis together with our transcriptional analysis under different light conditions provide candidate genes for breeding programs aiming to produce lettuce varieties able to grow healthy under hydroponic systems that use artificial light.
Neutron Bragg-Edge Transmission Imaging for Microstructure and Residual Strain in Induction Hardened Gears
Authors: Su Yuhua , Oikawa Kenichi , Shinohara Takenao , Kai Tetsuya , Horino Takashi , Idohara Osamu , Misaka Yoshitaka , Tomota Yo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A time-of-flight Bragg-edge neutron transmission imaging was used to investigate the microstructure and strain distributions in a gear hardened by a newly developed two-step induction-heating method: precursor (Sample 1) and final product (Sample 2). The edge-position and edge-broadening were determined and mapped with high resolution, which enabled us to confirm the two-dimensional distributions of the microstructure and residual strain. A deep hardened layer was made for Sample 1 in which martensite was formed on the entire teeth and the outer peripheral portion of the gear body. Sample 2 was subjected to double induction-hardening, where a tempered martensite was formed as the thermal refined microstructure between a fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the core. The relationship between edge-broadening and the Vickers hardness described by a linear equation was employed to derive the elastic residual strain. The residual strain map for Sample 2 revealed that a steep compressive strain was introduced into the fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface by the super rapid induction-heating and quenching process. The reversal of tension was speculated to occur below 2 mm from the tooth tip, and the strain was almost zero in the core region.
Population Size and Human-Grivet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) Conflict in Zegie Peninsula, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Yitayih Yibelu , Ejigu Dessalegn , Mola Misganaw 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Grivet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face. They inhabit a wide range of habitat types. A study on population size and human-grivet monkey conflict in Zegie Peninsula was carried out from August 2019 to March 2020; the study comprised both the wet and dry seasons. The line transect method was used to collect data on the population size of grivet monkeys. Questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to study the human-grivet monkey conflict and its conservation status. Results: The estimated population of grivets in the study area was 4808. Population structure of grivets indicated that there were 634 adult males, 1236 adult females, 1733 juveniles, and 1205 infants. Grivet population estimate between the wet and dry seasons did not show significant differences (ᵡ2 = 0.938, df = 1, p > 0.05). But there was a significant difference in the population estimate of grivets among the different habitats (ᵡ2 = 238.295, df = 3, p < 0.05).Conclusion: There was a human-grivet monkey conflict in the Peninsula and grivets were damaged crops, not only crops but also predating poultry, steal an egg, and human food. Consequently, grivets were killed in response to the damage they cause to crops. Grivet’s habitat in the Peninsula is highly disturbed because the local people cut trees for sale to support their livelihood. Awareness creation of the residents about wildlife and their habitat is necessary, and people should understand the impact of deforestation, illegal hunting, and the role of grivets in the ecosystem at large. Hence there is a need to protect the forest in order to ensure sustainable conservation of biodiversity in general and grivet monkeys in particular.
Methodology for classifying the ecosystem integrity of forests in Germany using quantified indicators
Authors: Jenssen Martin , Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and climate change can have impacts on ecological structures and functions, and thus on the integrity of ecosystems and their services. Operationalization of ecosystem integrity is still an important desideratum.Results. A methodology for classifying the ecosystem integrity of forests in Germany under the influence of climate change and atmospheric N deposition is presented. The methodology is based on 14 indicators for six ecosystem functions: habitat function, net primary function, carbon sequestration, nutrient and water flux, resilience. It allows assessments of ecosystem integrity changes by comparing current or prospective ecosystem states with ecosystem-type specific reference states as described by quantitative indicators for 61 forest ecosystem types based on data before 1990.Conclusion. The method developed enables site-specific classifications of ecosystem integrity as well as classifications with complete coverage and determinations of temporal trends as shown using examples from the Thuringian Forest and the "Kellerwald-Edersee" National Park (Germany).
Validation of the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire for Nursing Students in the Spanish Context
Authors: Cervera-Gasch Águeda , González-Chordá Víctor M , Manrique-Abril Fred Gustavo , Andreu-Pejo Laura , Valero-Chillerón María Jesús , Tudela Desirée Mena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There are different instruments to assess the attitudes of nursing students towards patient safety. However, no questionnaire validated in Spanish with this objective was identified. The objective of this study was to validate the Attitudes to Patient Safety (APS) questionnaire for nursing students in Spain and to study the attitudes towards patient safety of nursing students at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). Design: Cross-sectional psychometric study developed in a sample of 177 undergraduate nursing students. The study was carried out in the second semester of 2016Methods: First, a nominal group was created to perform cross-cultural adaptation and determine content validity of the Attitude to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APQS-III). Second, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and to study nursing student attitudes towards patient safety. Results: Exploratory factorial analysis explained 53.82% of the variance, with good internal consistency (α=0.808), and confirmatory factor analysis indicate an adequate fit between the model and the data (χ2=366; p<0.001; χ2/df=1.886; RMSEA=0.07; IC95%=0.059–0.081; CFI=0.885. Intra-observer reliability was good (ICC=0.792, p <0.001). The mean overall score of the questionnaire was 3.92 (95% CI=3.88-4.03). Significant differences were observed regarding whether the students had completed a clinical practicum (p=0.012) and the academic year (p=0.25). Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the APS questionnaire adapted for Spanish nursing students are adequate. Students show an adequate attitude towards patient safety; however, it is necessary to develop a strategy to guarantee the acquisition of competency for patient safety as well as to design and evaluate specific educational interventions.
A Fuzzy-algorithm-based Sliding Mode Control Approach for Acceleration Slip Regulation of Battery Electric Vehicle
Authors: He Lin , Yao Cheng , He Zejia , Gao Bingzhao , Shi Qin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to large torque and quick response of electric motor, the traction wheels of battery electric vehicle (BEV) are easy to slip during the initial phase of starting. In this paper, an acceleration slip regulation approach based on sliding mode control algorithm is proposed to prevent the wheel slip of BEV. The traction wheel slip ratio is used as the control parameter, and a sliding mode controller is deduced from it. A fuzzy algorithm is employed to revise the switch function of sliding mode controller. After stability and robustness analysis, the sliding mode controller is validated by dynamic simulation of BEV. The sliding mode control law is transferred into vehicle control unit and is veried by road tests, the results of which show that the sliding mode controller is a good candidate to prevent the wheel slip.
Association between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients with High-Grade Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Chao Chung-Hao , Wu Chia-Lun , Huang Wen-Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease has been identified as a risk factor affecting stroke prognosis. High-grade carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is associated with distal hemodynamic compromise. The association between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome in patients with high-grade CAS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between eGFR and outcomes of acute IS patients with high-grade CAS.Methods: From January 1, 2007, to April 30, 2012, we enrolled 372 acute IS patients with high-grade CAS and prospectively observed them for 5 years. The eGFR on admission was assessed using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Demographic features, vascular risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared between different eGFR levels. Results: Among 372 individuals, 76 (20.4%) had eGFR≺45, 65 (17.5%) had eGFR between 45 to 59, and 231 (62.1%) had eGFR≧60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, and gout in patients with lower eGFR were significantly higher than in those with higher eGFR (P = 0.013, P = 0.030, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.043, and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with lower eGFR demonstrated lower hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels compared with those with higher eGFR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.048). The blood potassium and uric acid levels were significantly higher in patients with lower eGFR (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that eGFR≺45 mL/min/1.73 m2 as a significant risk factor for the 5-year all-cause mortality in IS patients with high-grade CAS after adjusting for these variables (HR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.31-3.21; P = 0.002).Conclusions: eGFR≺45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with an increased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in acute IS patients with high-grade CAS. Therefore, the prevention of eGFR decline in patients with high-grade CAS may improve long-term stroke outcome.
Phagocytosis of Polymeric Nanoparticles Aided Activation of Macrophages to Induce Atherosclerotic Plaques in Apoe-/- Mice&nbsp;
Authors: Yin Tieying , Li Yanhong , Atik Rohmana Maftuhatul Fuad , Ren Yuzhen , Hu Fangfang , Du Ruolin , Wang Yang , Wang Guixue , Wang Yazhou 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The unique physiochemical properties of nanomaterials have been widely used in drug delivery systems and diagnostic contrast agents. The safety issues of biomaterials with exceptional biocompatibility and hemo-compatibility have also received extensive attention at the nanoscale, especially in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we conducted a study of the effects of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) on the development of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. The particle size of PLGA NPs was 92.69 ± 3.1 nm and the zeta potential were -31.6 ± 2.8 mV, with good blood compatibility. ApoE-/- mice were continuously injected with PLGA NPs intravenously for 4 and 12 weeks. Examination of oil red O stained aortic sinuses confirmed that the accumulation of PLGA NPs promoted the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and increasing the expression of associated inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The combined exposure of ox-LDL and PLGA NPs accelerated the conversion of macrophages to foam cells. Our results highlight the potential risk for PLGA NPs in vivo and further understanding the interaction between PLGA NPs and the atherosclerotic plaques, which we should consider in future nanomaterial design and pay more attention to the process of using nano-medicines on cardiovascular diseases.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus Plantarum Isolated from Green Tea
Authors: Na Jungtae , Kim Su-Young , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Yu-jin , Lee Esther , Chae Minjung , Park Miyoung , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Balanced skin microflora is crucial for maintaining healthy normal skin function; however, changes in skin microflora are associated with skin diseases such as acne vulgaris, dandruff, and candidiasis. Lactobacilli are probiotics that possess antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we assessed the potential antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 and 331266, which were isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis), in inhibiting the growth of bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes) and fungi (Candia albicans, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia restricta) related to skin diseases. Results: The antibiotic susceptibility of C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa, and M. restricta was tested using agar overlay and co-culture transwell methods to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activity of L. plantarum APsulloc 331261 and 331266. Results of the agar overlay method revealed that the two L. plantarum strains, APsulloc 331261 and 331266, inhibited the growth of C. acnes and C. albicans, respectively (zone diameters of inhibition: 20.0 ± 2.0 to 27.0 ± 3.6 mm; R values: 4.3 ± 1.8 to 5.5 ± 1.7). Moreover, the conditioned media (cell-free culture supernatants) derived from L. plantarum APsulloc 331261 and 331266 inhibited the growth of C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa, and M. restricta. Conclusions: These results suggest that L. plantarum APsulloc 331261 and 331266 could be used as candidate probiotics to control the balance of skin microflora.
SCUBE3&nbsp;Serves as an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer
Authors: Huo Qin , He Xi , Li Zhenwei , Yang Fan , He Shengnan , Shao Ling , Hu Ye , Chen Siqi , Xie Ni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidences indicate that the signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) plays a key role in the development and progression of many human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism and prognosis value of SCUBE3 in breast cancer are still unclear. Methods: The clinical data of 137 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical resection in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province were retrospectively analyzed. We first conducted a comprehensive study on the expression pattern of SCUBE3 using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and UALCAN databases. In addition, the expression of SCUBE3 in breast tumor tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The protein-protein interaction analysis and functional enrichment analysis of SCUBE3 were analyzed using the STRING and Enrichr databases. Moreover, tissue microarray (TMA) was used to analyze the relationship between SCUBE3 expression levels and clinical-pathological parameters, such as histological type, grade, the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). We further supplemented and identified the above results using the UALCAN and bc-GenExMiner v4.4 databases from TCGA data. The correlation between the expression of SCUBE3 and survival was calculated by univariate Cox regression analysis to investigate whether SCUBE3 expression may be an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer. Results: We found that the expression level of SCUBE3 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissues. SCUBE3 expression was significantly correlated with ER (p = 0.018), PR (p = 0.015), HER2 (p = 0.039), and triple-negative status (p = 0.049) of patients with breast cancer. We further verified that the expression levels of SCUBE3 mRNA was significantly correlated with ER (p = 0.0007), PR (p = 0.0295), and triple-negative (p = 0.0024), respectively. There was no significant expression difference in the expression of SCUBE3 mRNA in age, HER2 receptor status, and nodal status (p > 0.05). In addition, the high expression of SCUBE3 was associated with relatively poor prognosis of ER- (p = 0.012), PR- (p = 0.029), HER2+ (p = 0.007). The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.20-6.51, p = 0.0168) in individuals with high SCUBE3 expression, and HR was increased by 1.86 (95% CI: 1.06-3.25, p = 0.0300) for per 1-point increase of SCUBE3 expression.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the high expression of SCUBE3 indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer. SCUBE3 expression may serve as a potential diagnostic indicator of breast cancer.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Accidental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Liu Fei , Lin Xiangjie , Zhang Mao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroductionHealth system planning requires careful assessment of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) epidemiology, but data of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. This article investigates the global burden of ACOP based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) and the World Bank database.Materials and MethodsNumbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of ACOP incidence, prevalence, deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) were analysed at global, regional, and national level. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rates (ASR) was calculated by generalizing the linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Age, sex, and economics parameters are included to access their internal relevance.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were approximately 0.97 million ACOP incidence cases (95% CI 0.66 million to 1.4 million), and 41,142 (95%UI 32957 to 45934) people died from it. Compared with 1990, the morbidity and mortality of ACOP in 2019 are on a downward trend. By sexes, from 1990 to 2019, females have a higher morbidity and lower mortality. This article also finds that the relevant parameters of ACOP are closely related to the economic parameters. This correlation enables us to evaluate the level and status of public health services in various countries.DiscussionACOP is the most common toxic disease in the world. In 2019, the number of patients who die from ACOP exceeded that of patients poisoned by all other means. In global health decision-making, especially in regions with high-middle and high SDI, more attention should be paid.ConclusionAs the population ageing in areas with High-middle SDI and High SDI increases, the potential burden of ACOP is increasing, presenting the governments with an increasing demand for acute care, rehabilitation, and support services. The results of this study can be used by the health authorities to consider the burden of ACOP that could be addressed with preventive and therapeutic measures.
Mitigation of Lead (Pb) Toxicity in Rice Cultivated with Ground Water and Waste Water by Application of Acidified Carbon
Authors: Ahmed Niaz , Ehsan Abdullah , Danish Subhan , Ali Muhammad , Fahad Shah , Irshad Inam , Taban Suleyman , Shah Anis , Datta Rahul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Toxicity induced by a higher concentration of lead (Pb) can significantly decrease plants growth, gas exchange and yield attributes. It also caused cancer in humans. Use of organic amendments especially biochar has the capability to alleviate Pb toxicity in different crops. Application of biochar can decrease the uptake Pb by roots in plants. However, high pH of thermo pyrolyzed biochar makes it unfit amendment for high pH soils. As Pb is an acute toxin and its uptake in rice is a major issue, current experiment was conducted with the aim to explore the efficacy of chemically produced acidified carbon (AC) for mitigation of Pb toxicity in rice. Leas has introduced artificially at the rate of (0, 15 and 30 mg kg-1 soil) in combination with 0, 0.5 and 1 % AC underground water (GW) and waste water irrigation (WW) in rice. Results confirmed that addition of 1% AC significantly improved plant height, number of tillers, spike length fresh and dry weights of spikes and straw, 1000 grains weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance over 0 % AC under GW and WW irrigations at 30 mg Pb kg-1 soil (30Pb) toxicity. A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage and plant Pb concentration by application of 0.5 and 1 % AC validated their effectiveness for mitigation of 30Pb toxicity in rice over 0 % AC under GW and WW. In conclusion, 1 % AC is effective amendment in the alleviation of Pb toxicity in rice irrigated with GW and WW at 30Pb.
To Explore the Reasonable Selection of Clavicular Hook Plate to Reduce the Occurrence of Subacromial Impingement Syndrome After Operation.
Authors: Qiao Rui , Yang Jiarui , Zhang Kun , Song Zhe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose:To explore whether the existing clavicular hook plate can be reasonably selected to reduce the incidence of Subacromial impingement syndrome （SIS） and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods and methods The patients with SIS admitted from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and the asymptomatic patients after operation as the control group. The hook end depth and acromion height of the hook plate used by the patients were recorded, and the difference between them was calculated.Results The difference between the depth of hook plate and the height of acromion in the experimental group was (8.06±1.15mm). In the control group, the difference between the depth of hook plate and the height of acromion was (6.78±1.82mm), and the difference was statistically significant（t=2.721，P=0.009）. The difference is greater than 0.6 mm as a grouping index to do a single factor analysis）.The difference was statistically significant（t=5.711 P=0.017）.Conclusions The occurrence of SIS after clavicular hook plate may be related to the difference between the depth of hook plate and the height of acromion. When the difference is greater than 6mm, it may be a factor affecting the occurrence of SIS. Pre-imaging measurement of acromion height can provide suggestions for selecting the type of hook plate during operation.