bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversidad genética de papas de comunidades Andinas Venezolanas, mediante caracterización morfológica, molecular y polínica.
Authors: M. Osorio ; L. Meneses G. Gordones- Rojas ; L. González ; 
Published: May 2020

En las comunidades del estado Mérida-Venezuela, la producción de papas (Solanum tuberosum L.) constituyen uno de los principales rubros agrícolas, donde conviven, las especies silvestres, las denominadas nativas y sin nombre, las variedades comerciales y los clones promisorios, que son cultivadas en muchos de los casos de manera indistinta. La introducción de variedades foráneas tanto nativas, comerciales y mejoradas, han llevado al remplazo paulatino de las variedades locales, acentuando la desaparición de nuestro acervo genético. Por lo que, se hace necesario la caracterización de las variedades locales, con la finalidad de determinar su identificación y su diversidad, como principio fundamental para su preservación como patrimonio intangible de nuestras comunidades y su contribución a la seguridad alimentaria del país. Con este objetivo se llevó a cabo la concertación de las características morfológicas, molecular y polínica de muestras de Germoplasma ubicadas en el Campo Experimental Mucuchies "Dr. Eduardo Ortega Cartaya", de diferentes localidades del estado Mérida, así como muestras localizadas directamente en zonas de la región merideña. Se obtuvo una primera caracterización de 29 muestras que comparten rasgos moleculares, morfológicos y polínicos que permiten su identificación y registro a través del tiempo. A partir de los análisis estadísticos se logró discriminar y agrupar a nivel morfológico, polínico y molecular, lo cual permitió identificar variedades con alto potencial para asegurar la preservación de variedades locales tanto silvestre, nativas y comerciales.
VARIABILITY OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAN RAMON TALL VARIETY OF COCONUT
Authors: R. N. Palomar  
Published: May 2020

The natural variation of some strength properties of about 80‑year old brown‑and green‑pigmented San Ramon variety of coconut was investigated. The properties were determined from tests on small clear specimens in the air dry condition with an average moisture content of 16.98%. The mechanical properties studied include modulus of rupture, stress at elastic limit and modulus of elasticity in static bending, maximum crushing strength in compression parallel to grain, stress at elastic limit and in compression perpendicular to grain, and shear parallel to grain.

The brown‑pigmented trees showed significantly higher values in all the mechanical properties than the green‑pigmented palms.

For the brown‑and green‑pigmented trees, the values of strength properties markedly decreased with increasing height levels and significantly increased radially from the core to the periphery of the stem.
A REVIEW OF FERTILISER TRIALS IN TUVALU AND KIRIBATI
Authors: K. TREWREN  
Published: May 2020

A brief introduction is given to a programme of 34 fertiliser trials (possibly the largest programme of fertiliser trials in the world) that have been carried out in Tuvalu and Kiribati. Some of the more striking results that have emerged have been presented, and it is hoped that readers who would find more detailed information for use to them will ask for the relevant reports from the Department of Agriculture of the two countries concerned.

The majority of the trials were conducted within the 1978 and 1993 period, being started by Trewren, and the longer running trials in Kiribati were continued by Edwards and, in most cases to their conclusion, by Barr.

The results obtained have made it possible to formulate with some confidence recommendations on the manuring of coconuts on atolls, from seedlings in the nursery to mature palms in the field, including the rehabilitation of palms suffering from very severe deficiencies of trace elements and potassium. From foliar analysis, much useful information has been obtained on the inter‑relationships between nutrients, and in particular, on the fundamental importance of iron and other trace elements on the assimilation of macro‑nutrients and on the need to maintain a correct balance amongst trace elements.

Further research is needed to identify a suitable source of nitrogen. Less important topics for research could be investigations into the optimum quantity of potassium chloride application to nursery seedlings and the optimum frequency of application of potassium chloride in the field.
VILLAGE LEVEL ENERGY UTILIZATION OF COPRA PRODUCTION BY PRODUCTS IN EASTERN VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Engr. Eutiquio E. Sudaria  
Published: May 2020

Coconut is one of the important crops of the farmers in Eastern Visayas. Forty‑two percent of the agricultural land of Eastern Visayas is planted to coconut. Coconut farmers are earning money mainly from the main product of coconut which is copra. The price of copra is fluctuating. Hence, there is a need for the farmers to utilize the by‑products of copra production to augment their income. The by‑products depend on the copra making practice of the farmers. For the direct splitting method where the nut with husk is split directly with an axe, combined husk with shell locally known as "binuongan" or "bukong" and water are the by‑products while the husking method has the by­products of separate husk, shell, and water.

This paper covers only the utilization of the "binuongan", husk and shell. The water is excluded. Paper also describes the utilization of copra making by‑products practiced by farmers and developed at the Regional Coconut Research Center, VISCA, Baybay, Leyte.
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF 30 FERTELIZER DEMONSTRATIONS IN SOUTHERN THAILAND
Authors: J. Dootson  , J.R.J. Moss  , Sura Rungreung  , Saowannee Meemuth  , K. Ryder  , Maliwan Rattanapruk  
Published: May 2020

Twice‑yearly coconut counts taken from 30 different demonstra­tions on Thai Tall palms showed that applying fertilizer increased the number of nuts produced over the 3 years studied. Application of 2kg of a 13:13:21 NPK compound was ‑shown to be more cost effective than applying 4kg of the same compound, but was rarely profitable, as the largest responses occurred in years when yields were high and the farm­gate prices were at their lowest.

Sites where nut counts from unfertilized plots were high showed much smaller responses to applied fertilizer than those having lower counts, suggesting that inherently low yielding plots are more likely to respond to applied fertilizer. Nut counts can be considered a simple, cheap and reliable method of anticipating the probability of a fertilizer response.
THE CHLORINE NEEDS OF COCONUTS
Authors: S.S. Magat  , R.Z. Margate  
Published: May 2020

A study designed to determine the nutritional needs of coconut from nursery to full‑bearing was conducted from 1974 to 1988 in a Cl-­deficient soil (Topic Tropudalf) of Davao, Southern Philippines.

At nursery stage, only chlorine application improved the growth of the seedlings based on girth size which was highly correlated with increased leaf Cl. During the first five years in the field, K and Cl significantly influenced the growth of the palms which were positively correlated to ail growth parameters, i.e. girth, number of leaflets, living fronds and leaf production. During the fifth year, Cl‑fertilization resul­ted in 115% more flowering palms than the unfertilized ones. From then on, Cl application consistently increased nut production, copra weight per nut and copra yield per tree which was correlated with leaf Cl. However, the positive effects of other nutrients like N, K and Mg on yield as well as interaction effects were inconsistent over the years.

The nutritional needs of palms for Cl at the nursery stage is 30 g Cl per seedling. Under field condition, the requirement increases with age from 40 g to 1,000 g per palm leveling off at fifth year from planting.
COCONUT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES ITS HISTORY, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND FUTURE TARGETS
Authors: Dr. SEVERINO S. MAGAT  
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with selected aspects of agricultural research on coconuts in the Philippines as follows : (a) a historical review; (2) agricultural research system; (3) scientific and technological advances and findings; and (4) future development oriented targets.

Recognizing the need to support the development of the coconut industry under a sustainable and profitable coconut farming environ­ment, the R & D Thrusts of agricultural research centers on : 1) Varietal Improvement; 2) Cultural and Fertilizer Management (with emphasis on Integrated Soil Fertility Management; 3) Integrated Crop Protection; 4) Cadang‑cadang disease control; 5), Processing and Utilization of Coconut Wood; and 6) Technical Support Services and Advisory Development.
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT OF COCONUT HOLDINGS
Authors: Dr. D. V. Liyanage  
Published: May 2020

Prolonged droughts retard growth of coconut palms and reduce production. Current systems of chemical farming in coconut holdings do not mitigate adverse drought effects on palms. They should be replaced with bio‑farming techniques, which will result in improvement of structure, water holding capacity and fertility of the soil, thereby delaying onset of soil moisture stress during dry seasons.

With the drought management practices based on mulching bio-farming, soil nutrients are released gradually so that coconut production is sustained at a high level without much fluctuations through‑out the years. Further, that technology is simple and large investments are not necessary, particularly application of the Coconut/Gliricidia model. Cost of production of coconuts is reduced with bio‑farming.
A Numerical Method for Determining the Elements of Circumbinary Orbits and Its Application to Circumbinary Planets and the Satellites of Pluto-Charon
Authors: Woo Jason Man Yin , Lee Man Hoi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Planets and satellites orbiting a binary system exist in the solar system and extrasolar planetary systems. Their orbits can be significantly different from Keplerian orbits, if they are close to the binary and the secondary-to-primary mass ratio is high. A proper description of a circumbinary orbit is in terms of the free eccentricity e
free at the epicyclic frequency κ
0, forced eccentricity e
forced at the mean motion n
0, and oscillations at higher frequencies forced by the non-axisymmetric components of the binary’s potential. We show that accurate numerical values for the amplitudes and frequencies of these terms can be extracted from numerical orbit integrations by applying fast Fourier transformation (FFT) to the cylindrical distance between the circumbinary object and the center of mass of the binary as a function of time. We apply this method to three Kepler circumbinary planets and the satellites of Pluto-Charon. For the satellite Styx of Pluto-Charon, the FFT results for κ
0 and e
free differ significantly from the first-order analytic value and the value reported by Showalter & Hamilton, respectively. We show that the deviation in κ
0 is likely due to the effect of the 3:1 mean-motion resonance and discuss the implications of the lower value for e
free.
Constraints on Metastable Helium in the Atmospheres of WASP-69b and WASP-52b with Ultranarrowband Photometry
Authors: Vissapragada Shreyas , Knutson Heather A. , Jovanovic Nemanja , Harada Caleb K. , Oklopčić Antonija , Eriksen James , Mawet Dimitri , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Tinyanont Samaporn , Vasisht Gautam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Infrared observations of metastable 23S helium absorption with ground- and space-based spectroscopy are rapidly maturing, as this species is a unique probe of exoplanet atmospheres. Specifically, the transit depth in the triplet feature (with vacuum wavelengths near 1083.3 nm) can be used to constrain the temperature and mass-loss rate of an exoplanet’s upper atmosphere. Here, we present a new photometric technique to measure metastable 23S helium absorption using an ultranarrowband filter (FWHM 0.635 nm) coupled to a beam-shaping diffuser installed in the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the 200 inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory. We use telluric OH lines and a helium arc lamp to characterize refractive effects through the filter and to confirm our understanding of the filter transmission profile. We benchmark our new technique by observing a transit of WASP-69b and detect an excess absorption of 0.498% ± 0.045% (11.1σ), consistent with previous measurements after considering our bandpass. We then use this method to study the inflated gas giant WASP-52b and place a 95th percentile upper limit on excess absorption in our helium bandpass of 0.47%. Using an atmospheric escape model, we constrain the mass-loss rate for WASP-69b to be

(

) at 7000 K (12,000 K). Additionally, we set an upper limit on the mass-loss rate of WASP-52b at these temperatures of

(

). These results show that ultranarrowband photometry can reliably quantify absorption in the metastable helium feature.
Sunquakes of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Sharykin Ivan N. , Kosovichev Alexander G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper presents results of a search for helioseismic events (sunquakes) produced by M-X class solar flares during Solar Cycle 24. The search is performed by analyzing photospheric Dopplergrams from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager. Among the total number of 500 M-X class flares, 94 helioseismic events were detected. Our analysis has shown that many strong sunquakes were produced by solar flares of low M class (M1–M5), while in some powerful X-class flares helioseismic waves were not observed or were weak. Our study has also revealed that only several active regions were characterized by the most efficient generation of helioseismic waves during flares. We found that the sunquake power correlates with the maximum value of the soft X-ray flux time derivative better than with the X-ray class, indicating that the sunquake mechanism is associated with high-energy particles. We also show that the seismically active flares are more impulsive than the flares without helioseismic perturbations. We present a new catalog of helioseismic solar flares, which opens opportunities for performing statistical studies to better understand the physics of sunquakes as well as the flare-energy release and transport.
ALMA Observations of Quasar Host Galaxies at z ≃ 4.8
Authors: Nguyen Nathen H. , Lira Paulina , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Netzer Hagai , Cicone Claudia , Maiolino Roberto , Shemmer Ohad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present ALMA Band 7 data of the [C ii]

emission line and underlying far-IR (FIR) continuum for 12 luminous quasars at

powered by fast-growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Our total sample consists of 18 quasars, 12 of which are presented here for the first time. The new sources consist of six Herschel/SPIRE-detected systems, which we define as “FIR-bright” sources, and six Herschel/SPIRE-undetected systems, which we define as “FIR-faint” sources. We determine dust masses for the quasars hosts of

, implying interstellar medium gas masses comparable to the dynamical masses derived from the [C ii] kinematics. It is found that, on average, the Mg ii line is blueshifted by

with respect to the [C ii] emission line, which is also observed when complementing our observations with data from the literature. We find that all of our FIR-bright subsample and most of the FIR-faint objects lie above the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at

. We detect companion submillimeter galaxies for two sources, both FIR-faint, with a range of projected distances of

kpc and typical velocity shifts of

from the quasar hosts. Of our total sample of 18 quasars, 5/18 are found to have dust-obscured star-forming companions.
Observing the Earliest Stages of Star Formation in Galaxies: 8 μm Cores in Three Edge-on Disks
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G. , Elmegreen Debra Meloy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To study the vertical distribution of the earliest stages of star formation in galaxies, three edge-on spirals, NGC 891, NGC 3628, and IC 5052, observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) were examined for compact 8 μm cores using an unsharp mask technique; 173, 267, and 60 cores were distinguished, respectively. Color–color distributions suggest a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and highly extincted photospheric emission from young stars. The average V-band extinction is ∼20 mag, equally divided between foreground and core. IRAC magnitudes for the clumps are converted to stellar masses assuming an age of 1 Myr, which is about equal to the ratio of the total core mass to the star formation rate in each galaxy. The extinction and stellar mass suggest an intrinsic core radius of ∼18 pc for 5% star formation efficiency. The half-thickness of the disk of 8 μm cores is 105 pc for NGC 891 and 74 pc for IC 5052, varying with radius by a factor of ∼2. For NGC 3628, which is interacting, the half-thickness is 438 pc, but even with this interaction, the 8 μm disk is remarkably flat, suggesting vertical stability. Small-scale structures like shingles or spirals are seen in the core positions. Very few of the 8 μm cores have optical counterparts.
The Confinement of the Heliosheath Plasma by the Solar Magnetic Field as Revealed by Energetic Neutral Atom Simulations
Authors: Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Michael A. T. , Sokół J. M. , Tóth G. , Tenishev V. , Drake J. F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, the solar magnetic field has been considered to have a negligible effect in the outer regions of the heliosphere. Recent works have shown that the solar magnetic field may play a crucial role in collimating the plasma in the heliosheath. Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations of the heliotail indicated a latitudinal structure varying with energy in the energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes. At energies ∼1 keV, the ENA fluxes show an enhancement at low latitudes and a deficit of ENAs near the poles. At energies >2.7 keV, ENA fluxes had a deficit within low latitudes, and lobes of higher ENA flux near the poles. This ENA structure was initially interpreted to be a result of the latitudinal profile of the solar wind during solar minimum. We extend the work of Kornbleuth et al. by using solar minimum–like conditions and the recently developed Solar-wind with Hydrogen Ion Exchange and Large-scale Dynamics (SHIELD) model. The SHIELD model couples the magnetohydrodynamic plasma solution with a kinetic description of neutral hydrogen. We show that while the latitudinal profile of the solar wind during solar minimum contributes to the lobes in ENA maps, the collimation by the solar magnetic field is important in creating and shaping the two high-latitude lobes of enhanced ENA flux observed by IBEX. This is the first work to explore the effect of the changing solar magnetic field strength on ENA maps. Our findings suggest that IBEX is providing the first observational evidence of the collimation of the heliosheath plasma by the solar magnetic field.
Blue Coma and Red Surface of 174P/Echeclus: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Zubko Evgenij , Videen Gorden , Kulyk Iryna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Seccull et al. (2019) report a dramatic difference in the color of the coma and surface of Centaur 174P/Echeclus. While the coma was blue in appearance, the surface was red. A similar phenomenon was found in laboratory optical measurements of single-scattering feldspar particles and of a surface comprised of these same particles. Thus, the observations do not necessarily suggest different chemical composition and size distribution of dust in the coma and surface of 174P/Echeclus. Instead, the observed difference could arise from multiple-scattering phenomena that makes a significant contribution to light scattering by a regolith, but does not appear in an optically thin coma.
La promesse d’un changement ?
Authors: Nadeau Jean-Benoît 
Published: May 2020

On se souviendra longtemps de l’année 2020 et des effets de la COVID-19 : des milliards de personnes confinées à domicile aux quatre coins du globe pendant des mois, la pire récession économique mondiale depuis la Grande Dépression et une cascade d’autres problèmes de nature politique, sociale et technique parfois insolubles.
Faut-il avoir peur du changement organisationnel ?
Authors: Johnson Kevin , Autissier David , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2020

Que ce soit pour surmonter les crises qui secouent nos sociétés, pour mieux faire face à la concurrence ou pour suivre le rythme effréné des progrès technologiques, les entreprises enclenchent des cycles accélérés de changement. Or, ces phases successives peuvent faire naître un sentiment de saturation chez les employés, qui peinent à suivre la cadence. Alors, calamité ou bienfait, le changement ?
Le sens, gardien de la cohérence
Authors: Johnson Kevin , Groulx Patrick , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2020

Plusieurs équipes ne savent plus où donner de la tête tellement les projets de changement se succèdent et transforment leur quotidien. Cependant, d’autres sont capables de changer et sont prêtes à le faire rapidement. Pourquoi ?
Les destinataires et les intentions de Grégoire de Tours
Authors: Filion Sébastien 
Published: May 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux Histoires de Grégoire de Tours et vise à démontrer que l’auteur s’adressait principalement aux futurs rois Théodebert II et Thierry II afin de les exhorter à ne pas replonger la Gaule dans la guerre civile. Pour ce faire, il est d’abord essentiel de déterminer le moment de la rédaction des Histoires et les principaux destinataires ciblés par l’auteur. C’est pourquoi les deux premières sections sont consacrées à soutenir l’hypothèse d’une rédaction tardive et à identifier les fils de Childebert II comme étant les rois les plus directement interpelés. Finalement, la dernière section propose une discussion de la préface du cinquième livre des Histoires , l’un des chapitres les plus importants de l’ensemble de l’œuvre, pour illustrer la rhétorique, inspirée de la tradition de l’Antiquité tardive, utilisée par l’auteur dans l’ensemble de son œuvre.
Identification of Pinus sylvestris clones with highest and lowest allelopathic potential
Authors: Bielinis Ernest , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Boiko Sergii 
Published: May 2020

Allelopathy is a kind of interaction between plants in which the inhibitory effect on growth and germination can play an important role during the struggle for existence in interspecific competition. The species (or clone of one species) with a higher allelopathic potential might win the competition and place themselves in a better biosocial position for growth. Also, the clones with a lower allopathic potential might be useful in agroforestry, e.g. as trees useful for shading the crops. The allelopathic potential of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the tree species with a wide range of distribution in Europe and of great economic importance, was estimated in this study. To this end, needles from trees growing in a clonal seed orchard were collected and used as a material to obtain water leachates. The leachates were diluted to 25 and 50% and used in allelopathy tests. The differences between potentials of leachates from Scots pine clones to inhibit germination and growth of the test plant (Sinapis alba L. cv. Borowska) were assessed. The clones 1702 and 1703 were characterized as highly allelopathic, with the potential confirmed in two independent allelopathic tests. The clones 355 and 2209 were characterized as clones with a moderate allopathic potential. The possibility of selecting clones with the known allelopathic potential for the successful use in forestry was discussed.