bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation ofprolactinin a euryhaline teleost: Characterisation of gene promoters through in silico and transcriptome analyses
Authors: Seale Andre P. , Malintha Gardi Hewage Tharindu , Celino‐Brady Fritzie T. , Head Tony , Belcaid Mahdi , Yamaguchi Yoko , Lerner Darren T. , Baltzegar David A. , Borski Russell J. , Stoytcheva Zoia R. , Breves Jason P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity of prolactin (Prl) cells of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) pituitary to variations in extracellular osmolality enables investigations into how osmoreception underlies patterns of hormone secretion. Through the actions of their main secretory products, Prl cells play a key role in supporting hydromineral balance of fishes by controlling the major osmoregulatory organs (ie, gill, intestine and kidney). The release of Prl from isolated cells of the rostral pars distalis (RPD) occurs in direct response to physiologically relevant reductions in extracellular osmolality. Although the particular signal transduction pathways that link osmotic conditions to Prl secretion have been identified, the processes that underlie hyposmotic induction ofprlgene expression remain unknown. In this short review, we describe two distinct tilapia gene loci that encode Prl177and Prl188. From our in silico analyses ofprl177andprl188promoter regions (approximately 1000 bp) and a transcriptome analysis of RPDs from fresh water (FW)‐ and seawater (SW)‐acclimated tilapia, we propose a working model for how multiple transcription factors link osmoreceptive processes with adaptive patterns ofprl177andprl188gene expression. We confirmed via RNA‐sequencing and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction that multiple transcription factors emerging as predicted regulators ofprlgene expression are expressed in the RPD of tilapia. In particular, gene transcripts encodingpou1f1,stat3,creb3l1, pbxip1aandstat1awere highly expressed;creb3l1, pbxip1aandstat1awere elevated in fish acclimated to SW vs FW. Combined, our in silico and transcriptome analyses set a path for resolving how adaptive patterns of Prl secretion are achieved via the integration of osmoreceptive processes with the control ofprlgene transcription.
Investigating obesity‐associated brain inflammation using quantitative water content mapping
Authors: Kullmann Stephanie , Abbas Zaheer , Machann Jürgen , Shah Nadim J. , Scheffler Klaus , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin , Preissl Hubert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing evidence that obesity is associated with inflammation in the brain, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. In humans, it is challenging to detect brain inflammation in vivo. Recently, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) has emerged as a tool for characterising pathophysiological processes in the brain with reliable and reproducible measures. Proton density imaging provides quantitative assessment of the brain water content, which is affected in different pathologies, including inflammation. We enrolled 115 normal weight, overweight and obese men and women (body mass index [BMI] range 20.1‐39.7 kg m‐2, age range 20‐75 years, 60% men) to acquire cerebral water content mapping in vivo using MRI at 3 Tesla. We investigated potential associations between brain water content with anthropometric measures of obesity, body fat distribution and whole‐body metabolism. No global changes in water content were associated with obesity. However, higher water content values in the cerebellum, limbic lobe and sub‐lobular region were detected in participants with higher BMI, independent of age. More specifically, the dorsal striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, fornix, anterior limb of the internal capsule and posterior thalamic radiation showed the strongest relationship with BMI, independent of age. In a subgroup with available measurements (n = 50), we identified visceral adipose tissue to be the strongest tested link between higher water content values and obesity. Individuals with metabolic syndrome had the highest water content values in the hypothalamus and the fornix. There is accumulating evidence that inflammation of the hypothalamus contributed to obesity‐associated insulin resistance in that area. Whether brain inflammation is a cause or consequence of obesity in humans still needs to be investigated using a longitudinal study design. Using qMRI, we were able to detect marked water content changes in young and older obese adults, which is most likely the result of chronic low‐grade inflammation.
Statistical Reporting in Nursing Research: Addressing a Common Error in Reporting of p Values (p = .000)
Authors: Wu Yanni , Zhou Chunlan , Wang Run , Ye Xiaoling , Yang Lixiao , Li Chaixiu , Hu Mingyu , Cong Weilian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe confidence in a study will be reduced due to the incorrect representation of statistical results. However, it is unknown to what extent p values are incorrectly represented in published nursing journals. The study aims to evaluate the articles in 30 nursing journals in terms of the error in reporting of p values (p = .000).Design and MethodsThis was a bibliometric analysis. All papers published in 10 leading nursing journals (between 2015 and 2019), the 10 bottom nursing journals (2019), and 10 selected key nursing journals (2019) indexed in the Science Citation Index Journal Citation Reports were reviewed to detect errors in reporting of p values (p = .000).ResultsA total of 3,788 papers were reviewed. Notably, it was found that 93.3% (28/30) of the nursing journals contained incorrect representation of p values (p = .000). The reporting rate of these journals ranges from 0% to 57.1%, with an overall rate of 12.8% (486/3,788). In addition, the rate of incorrect representation of p values (p = .000) showed no statistically significant difference between different publication years (Χ2 = 4.976, p = .290). However, the rate of reporting was different between study types, journals, and regions (p = .007, p = .020, and p < .001, respectively).ConclusionsThe incorrect representation of p values is common in nursing journals.Clinical RelevanceWe recommend that both publishers and researchers be responsible for preventing statistical errors in manuscripts. Furthermore, various kinds of statistical training methods should be adopted to ensure that nurses and journal reviewers have enough statistical literacy.
Nascent nephrons during human embryonic development: Spatial distribution and relationship with urinary collecting system
Authors: Kitazawa Haruka , Fujii Sena , Ishiyama Hana , Matsubayashi Jun , Ishikawa Aoi , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe two major components of the metanephros, the urinary collecting system (UCS) and nephron, have different developmental courses. Nephron numbers vary widely between species and individuals and are determined during fetal development. Furthermore, the development of nascent nephrons may contribute to the expansion of the proximal part of the UCS. This study investigated the distribution of nascent nephrons and their interrelationship with UCS branches during human embryogenesis. We obtained samples from 31 human embryos between Carnegie stages (CSs) 19 and 23 from the Kyoto Collection at the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University in Japan. Serial histological sections of the metanephros with the UCS were digitalized and computationally reconstructed for morphological and quantitative analyses. The three‐dimensional (3D) coordinates for the positions of all UCS branch points, end points, attachment points to nascent nephrons (APs), and renal corpuscles (RCs) were recorded and related to the developmental phase. Phases were categorized from phase 1 to phase 5 according to the histological analysis. The UCS branching continued until RCs first appeared (at CS19). End branches with attached nascent nephrons (EB‐AP[+]) were observed after CS19 during the fifth generation or higher during the embryonic period. The range of end branch and EB‐AP(+) generation numbers was broad, and the number of RCs increased with the embryonic stage, reaching 273.8 ± 104.2 at CS23. The number of RCs connected to the UCS exceeded the number not connected to the UCS by CS23. The 3D reconstructions revealed RCs to be distributed around end branches, close to the surface of the metanephros. The RCs connected to the UCS were located away from the surface. The APs remained near the end point, whereas connecting ducts that become renal tubules were found to elongate with maturation of the RCs. Nascent nephrons in RC phases 3‐5 were preferentially attached to the end branches at CS22 and CS23. The mean generation number of EB‐AP(−) was higher than that of EB‐AP(+) in 19 of 22 metanephros and was statistically significant for eight metanephros at CS22 and CS23. The ratio of the deviated branching pattern was almost constant (29%). The ratio of the even branching pattern with EB‐AP(+) and EB‐AP(+) to the total even branching pattern increased with CS (9.2% at CS21, 19.2% at CS22, and 45.4% at CS23). Our data suggest the following: EB‐AP(+) may not branch further at the tip (i.e., by tip splitting), but branching beneath the AP (lateral branching) continues throughout the embryonic stages. Our study provides valuable data that can further the understanding of the interactions between the UCS and nascent nephrons during human embryogenesis.
Nurses' influence on consumers' experience of safety in acute mental health units: A qualitative study
Authors: Cutler Natalie Ann , Sim Jenny , Halcomb Elizabeth , Moxham Lorna , Stephens Moira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how nurses influence the perceptions and experience of safety among consumers who have been admitted to an acute mental health unit.BackgroundSafety is a priority in acute mental health inpatient units, yet consumers do not always experience acute units as safe. Despite being primary stakeholders, little is known about what safety means for consumers in acute mental health units.DesignA qualitative descriptive study informed by naturalistic enquiry was conducted and is reported using the COREQ checklist.MethodsFifteen consumers with experience of mental illness participated in semi‐structured individual interviews. These interviews explored what safety meant for them during their acute mental health unit admissions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe theme Influence of Nurses reflected that the way nurses engaged in acute mental health units had a profound impact on participants' sense of safety. Three sub‐themes emerged as follows: (a) Availability: “It's about nurses spending time with you”; (b) Being responsive: “They would listen if you had a concern”; and (c) Caring: “Little acts of kindness.”ConclusionsThese findings challenge the dominant discourse around safety in mental health organisations, in which nursing practice is often oriented towards the management of risk, rather than the promotion of safety. The findings demonstrate that, through their clinical practice, nurses can enhance consumers' feelings of safety in the acute mental health unit.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a key role in providing care within acute mental health units. It is vital that the behaviours and actions nurses can enact in order to promote feelings of safety among consumers in this setting are enabled at individual, unit and organisational levels.
Nurse staffing and care process factors in paediatric emergency department—An administrative data study
Authors: Janhunen Katja , Kankkunen Päivi , Kvist Tarja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the nurse–patient ratio in the paediatric emergency department and whether it is related to emergency care process measurements: length of stay and the number of patients who leave before treatment is completed.BackgroundDespite abundant data on nurse staffing, little is known about its relationship with process variables in paediatric emergency departments.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study. Administrative data regarding 21,956 patients and nurse staffing (N = 49) were collected from a university hospital's paediatric emergency department between 1 January–30 June 2019. Summary statistics were calculated, differences in the variables were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis and chi‐square tests, and relations between them were explored by linear regression analysis. This study is reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.ResultsNurse–patient ratios varied between shifts and were highest at night (mean 0.75; range 0.3–5.3) and the lowest in the evenings (mean 0.17; range 0.1–0.8). Increases in numbers of nurses in the paediatric emergency department reduced the length of stay by 2% per additional nurse on average, and nurse–patient ratios were negatively related to frequencies of patients leaving before treatment completion.ConclusionThe results indicate that nurse–patient ratios affect paediatric patient care processes. Staffing levels are negatively related to emergency department length of stay and influence factors that could reduce numbers of patients who leave before treatment completion.Relevance to clinical practiceBecause the nurse–patient ratio affects the care process, it should be used together with other process measurements when assessing care quality in paediatric emergency departments.
Exploring the use of ageing simulation to enable nurses to gain insight into what it is like to be an older person
Authors: Bowden Alera , Wilson Valerie , Traynor Victoria , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore the thoughts and experiences of aged care nurses following participation in an ageing‐suit simulation intervention.BackgroundGlobally, people are living longer, and for nurses, there are increasing challenges to meet the needs of the higher numbers of older people in hospital. Educating nurses to understand the ageing process and the experiences of older people in hospital is crucial to addressing these challenges. Ageing‐suits were identified as a possible approach to assist with these educational needs.DesignThis study adopted a qualitative descriptive design.MethodA convenience sample of nurses (n = 15) were selected from a single aged care ward. Volunteered nurses participated in a four‐hour ageing‐suit simulation session. Their immediate thoughts and experiences were explored via postsimulation debriefs, and three 30‐to 50‐min follow‐up focus groups were conducted at 3 months to explore perceptions on the impact of their experience on clinical practices. The data were analysed with the Braun and Clarke's six‐step thematic analysis method. To ensure quality reporting of this study, the COREQ checklist was utilised (see Appendix S1).ResultsData analysis generated three main themes. Nurses in the study highlighted that the experience of the ageing‐suit resulted in “it feels real” (theme 1) and helped them in “enhancing understanding” (theme 2) about older people and their practices and supported a process of “changing me” (theme 3).ConclusionAgeing‐suits are emerging as a promising innovative educational approach for aged care nurses to gain insight into the challenges of ageing and subsequently making changes to themselves and their individualised practices towards older people. Future research is required to determine whether this educational approach is useful for a broader population of healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceAgeing‐suits were identified as a worthwhile educational approach for aged care nurses to improve their specialised clinical practices with older people.
Older people’s early experience of household isolation and social distancing during COVID‐19
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Clark Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim and objectiveTo explore older people's initial experience of household isolation, social distancing and shielding, and the plans they constructed to support them through the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundPublic health guidance for those aged 70 or older was predominantly to undertake stringent social distancing within their household. Little is known about older people's experience of these measures. This paper explores changes experienced by those over the age of 70 during the first two weeks of household isolation, social distancing and shielding in the UK and the Republic of Ireland, and their early perceptions and plans to support them through the pandemic.MethodsAn inductive phenomenological study. University staff posted the study invitation flyer on social media, such as WhatsApp neighbourhood groups, the Nextdoor App and Twitter. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 19 participants and repeated at 2‐week intervals for 10 weeks; further data collection is still in progress. This paper presents the findings from the baseline interviews, which showed older peoples’ early responses. The COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) checklist was adhered to in the reporting of this study.ResultsThree themes emerged from older people's early experiences of social distancing: protective measures; current and future plans; and acceptance of a good life, but still a life to live.ConclusionPeople over 70 adapted to household isolation, social distancing and shielding, by using social media and neighbourhood resources. Nurses and other professionals can develop holistic care for older people by listening to their experiences of what works for them, helping them link to local and distant supports. Understanding the holistic life view of older people, including death anxiety, is an important element of care planning; to help older people access the protective resources, they need to reduce the serious risks associated with coronavirus.Relevance to clinical practiceOlder people engage with social media, and during the current pandemic and beyond nurses can engage with this medium to communicate with older people. The importance of nurses to understand some older people consider quality of life to be more important than longevity, which may impact on their adherence to health advice.
The organisational context of nursing practice in hospitals in China and its relationship with quality of care, and patient and nurse outcomes: A mixed‐methods review
Authors: Ying Liying , Fitzpatrick Joanne M. , Philippou Julia , Huang Wenjie , Rafferty Anne Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAchieving high‐quality care and retention of nurses are major concerns for nurse leaders in hospitals. The organisational context is theorised to influence the quality of care and patient and nurse outcomes. This review focuses on China where the healthcare system is different from most Western countries in terms of government healthcare expenditure, public health insurance and healthcare delivery system.ObjectivesTo explore the organisational context of nursing practice in hospitals in China and its relationship with quality of care, patient outcomes (patient adverse events, safety and satisfaction) and nurse outcomes (burnout, job satisfaction and intention to leave).DesignA mixed‐methods review.Data sourcesThe electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and China Academic Journals Database were used.MethodsThis review was conducted using the SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) framework. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists for cross‐sectional studies and qualitative research. A narrative synthesis was conducted and was supported by tabulation of study data. The PRISMA guidelines were used for this review.ResultsTwenty‐three articles met the inclusion criteria and were retrieved, analysed and synthesised. This review supports the link between organisational context, quality of care, and patient and nurse outcomes in the Chinese healthcare system. Aspects of organisational context warrant attention including nurse staffing levels, the shortage of nurses, a lack of nurse participation in hospital affairs and support for the professional development of nurses.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that tailored interventions are needed to improve the organisational context of nursing practice in Chinese hospitals and, in particular, to address the nurse workforce issues and organisational leadership and support. The unique policy context of the Chinese healthcare system should be considered when developing these interventions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeRecognising the importance of the organisational context, it is imperative that nurse leaders make every effort to legislate for safe nurse staffing and to establish a caring culture to improve quality of care and nurse and patient outcomes.
Restraint use in residents with dementia living in residential aged care facilities: A scoping review
Authors: Pu Lihui , Moyle Wendy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo provide an overview of restraint use in residents with dementia in the context of residential aged care facilities.BackgroundRestraints are commonly used in people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities to manage behaviours and reduce injuries, but the concept of restraint use in people with dementia remains ambiguous, and current practices to reduce restraint use in long‐term care residents with dementia remain unclear.DesignA scoping review using the methodological frameworks of Arskey and O’Malley and colleagues.MethodsNine databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ProQuest) were searched from 2005 to 20 May 2019. Articles were included if they were written in English, peer‐reviewed and used any research method that described restraint use in residents with dementia living in residential care settings. The PRISMA‐ScR checklist was used.ResultsFrom 1,585 articles, 23 met the inclusion criteria. There is a lack of a clear definition of restraint use, and the prevalence of restraint use varied from 30.7% to 64.8% depending on the different operational concepts. People with dementia were at a higher risk for restraint use, and the decision‐making process for restraint use was largely ignored in the literature. The effect of staff educational interventions to reduce restraint use was inconsistent due to varying delivery duration and content.ConclusionsThe prevalence of restraint use in people with dementia living in residential care settings remains high alongside the absence of a clear definition of restraint use. More research about the decision‐making process involved in using restraint and development of effective interventions are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceBetter education about the decision‐making regarding staff, conditions of residents and organisations for restraint use is needed to improve the care for people with dementia living in care settings.