bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of banks in Malaysia: A super efficiency approach
Authors: Kasim Maznah Mat , Ramli Razamin , Baten Md. Azizul , Jamil Jastini Mohd , Taleb Mushtaq 
Published: October 2019

The stability of the economic system of a country very much depends on its banking industry. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been applied widely for measuring efficiency of banks. Limited studies, however, have employed the radial and non-radial DEA models to evaluate efficiency of banks without considering the ranking of the fully efficient banks since those banks have the same efficiency score. Considering the weakness of the radial and non-radial DEA, this paper aims to calculate the banks efficiency of nine commercial banks in Malaysia from 2004 to 2013 by adopting the two-stage of super efficiency slack-based measure (SE-SBM) model. This model can discriminate between the efficient banks and recalculate their efficiency scores. Then, the selected banks were able to be ranked according to their final efficiency scores. Moreover, comparative analyses of the efficiency of the banks and the year-wise efficiency of the selected banks were also conducted. The methodology consists of two stages. In the first stage the SBM model is run to classify efficient and inefficient banks. In the second stage the super efficiency model is run to rank the efficient banks obtained from the first stage by calculating their super efficiency scores. Our empirical results show that: (1) the efficiency status of the banks fluctuated over the examined period, the high number of the efficient banks is achieved in the years 2006 and 2008, while the year 2012 has the lowest number of the efficient banks. (2) the ranking of the banks fluctuated in the studied period. (3) most of the banks are inefficient in terms of their average efficiency scores. This paper has two limitations. First, the paper did not integrate undesirable output, despite it deals with non-interest income. Second, performance evaluation of Malaysian commercial banks was only compared among the Malaysian banks.
The effect of worker remittances on economic growth: An ARDL approach
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Teng Jian-Zhou , Khan Muhammad Imran 
Published: October 2019

Worker remittances are the main source of financial flow to any economy. This study intended to scrutinize the effect of remittance inflow on Pakistan’s economy over the period 1976- 2016 by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique; because this method has been recently developed and has different advantages as compared to time series methods. ARDL method was applied to scrutinize the long run and the short run effect of worker remittances on Pakistan’s economy. This study concluded that Pakistan’s economy is positively affected by remittance inflow, foreign direct investment and the gross domestic saving in the long run, while Pakistan’s economy negatively affected by inflation and consumption in the long run. Remittances received from immigrant support economic growth in Pakistan because remittances inflow is mostly utilized for investment purpose. To further improve the economic development of Pakistan’s economy, it is suggested that policy maker in Pakistan encourage and motivate migrants to send remittances through proper channels to Pakistan, so that these inflows of remittances be used in such profitable investments that help to improve economic growth.
Relationship Between Level of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Iranian Population
Authors: Hosseini Mahboobeh-Sadat , Salarvand Fereshteh , Ehsani Amir Houshang , Noormohammadpour Pedram , Azizzadeh Shadi , Mousavi Mohaddese , Morsali Mona 
Published: October 2019

Background: The relationship between vitamin D and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not well defined.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and the incidence of skin SCC for the first time in Iran.
Methods and Study Design: In this case-control study, 126 subjects were enrolled (63 in each group) out of referents to Razi Skin Hospital in Tehran in 2014. The risk factors for cancer gathered by self-reported questionnaires and blood samples were obtained to measure the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression was used to neutralize the effect of confounding factors.
Results: Cases of SCC were more likely to be in men, older than 49 years and working in an outdoor environment, and with longtime exposure to sunlight and a personal history of skin cancers. Family history of skin cancer and of cigarette smoking were not significantly related to SCC. In the SCC and control groups, 69.8% and 31.7%, respectively, had sufficient levels of vitamin D (P < 0.001). Mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 40.99 ng/mL in the SCC group and 26.34 ng/mL in the control group (P < 0.05). In the unadjusted model, the level of vitamin D as a continuous variable was positively related to SCC risk. In the adjusted model, vitamin D did not independently predict the likelihood of SCC.
Conclusion: Vitamin D level and SCC risk are directly related, although not in an independent fashion. Indeed, this relation is severely confounded by exposure to sunlight, which was evidenced by an increased vitamin D level in the people working outside and the higher prevalence of SCC in the same population.
Dermoscopic–Histopathological Correlation of Eccrine Poroma: An Observational Study
Authors: Chessa Marco A. , Patrizi Annalisa , Baraldi Carlotta , Fanti Pier Alessandro , Barisani Alessia , Vaccari Sabina 
Published: October 2019

Background: Eccrine poroma (EP) is a benign adnexal neoplasm that can be pigmented in 17% of cases. Four histopathological variants of EP exist. Dermoscopically, EP can mimic many other skin neoplasms.
Objectives: To provide a dermoscopic–histopathological correlation of EP, classifying the clinical and dermoscopic features of EPs on the basis of their histopathological subtype, in an attempt to better characterize these entities.
Patients and Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted. Clinical data were collected; patients were classified on the basis of the 4 histopathological variants of EPs. Dermoscopic images were reviewed. A dermoscopic–histopathological correlation was performed, and the results were compared with literature data.
Results: Twenty-six lesions were included, both pigmented and nonpigmented. Three of the 4 histopathological variants were identified. Different dermoscopic features were observed for each distinct histopathological subtype of EP. The lesions mimicked different types of other skin neoplasms, in particular: nonpigmented hidroacanthoma simplex resembled nonmelanoma skin cancer; pigmented hidroacanthoma simplex appeared like a seborrheic keratosis or a solar lentigo; EPs sensu stricto presented as pink nodules if nonpigmented and were similar to seborrheic keratosis if pigmented; dermal duct tumors appeared as pigmented nodular lesions.
Conclusions: Distinct dermoscopic features appeared to be recurrent in each histopathological variant. Dermoscopy can provide important clues for the diagnosis of EP; the final diagnosis is allowed by histopathology. To achieve a correct diagnosis of EP, because of its clinical and dermoscopic variability, surgical excision is recommended.
High expression of HSP90 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Guo Shichao , Li Zhangfu , Li Dan , Zhan Qimin 
Published: October 2019

Background
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved chaperone with an approximate molecular weight of 90-kDa. It plays a critical role in maintaining stability and homeostasis of oncoproteins, helping cancer cells living in the unsuitable environmental conditions. The current study aims to inquire the difference of HSP90 expression in tumor tissues and normal tissues, analyze the correlation between HSP90 expression and the prognoses of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and investigate its role in CRC preliminarily.

Methods
Online analysis of HSP90 mRNA levels in different cancers was firstly done in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. Then HSP90 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry between 99 CRC tissues and 81 normal tissues. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the relationship between HSP90 and histopathologic characteristics. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox’s proportional hazards model were also done for further analysis of the prognostic values of HSP90. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between HSP90 expression values and other mRNA expression values were calculated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and bioinformatic analysis was done about these screened genes.

Results
Colorectal cancer tissues showed significantly higher expression of HSP90 than normal tissues (55.6% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.0001). Kaplan–Meier curves showed high HSP90 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.039) in CRC patients, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis also indicated that HSP90 expression (HR = 1.930, 95% CI [1.113–3.349], P = 0.019) linked to poor prognosis. Moreover, 85 genes were correlated with HSP90, which were involved in metabolic process and enriched in pathways of Proteasome and Base excision repair.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that HSP90 expression is inversely associated with survival outcomes and could be an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. It mainly involved in metabolic process and exerted binding and catalytic activities.
Identification of key genes and pathways associated with cholangiocarcinoma development based on weighted gene correlation network analysis
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Liu Weixin , Li Hao , Deng Qiuping , Yang Meiqi , Li Xuemei , Liang Zeng 
Published: October 2019

Background
As the most frequently occurred tumor in biliary tract, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is mainly characterized by its late diagnosis and poor outcome. It is therefore urgent to identify specific genes and pathways associated with its progression and prognosis.

Materials and Methods
The differentially expressed genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed to build the co-expression network by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene ontology (GO) as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted for the selected genes. Module–clinical trait relationships were analyzed to explore the association with clinicopathological parameters. Log-rank tests and cox regression were used to identify the prognosis-related genes.

Results
The most related modules with CCA development were tan module containing 181 genes and salmon module with 148 genes. GO analysis suggested enrichment terms of digestion, hormone transport and secretion, epithelial cell proliferation, signal release, fibroblast activation, response to acid chemical, wnt, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism. KEGG analysis demonstrated 15 significantly altered pathways including glutathione metabolism, wnt, central carbon metabolism, mTOR, pancreatic secretion, protein digestion, axon guidance, retinol metabolism, insulin secretion, salivary secretion, fat digestion. Key genes of SOX2, KIT, PRSS56, WNT9A, SLC4A4, PRRG4, PANX2, PIR, RASSF8, MFSD4A, INS, RNF39, IL1R2, CST1, and PPP3CA might be potential prognostic markers for CCA, of which RNF39 and PRSS56 also showed significant correlation with clinical stage.

Discussion
Differentially expressed genes and key modules contributing to CCA development were identified by WGCNA. Our results offer novel insights into the characteristics in the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of CCA.
Cidade e água: a produção do espaço na Bacia do Igarapé do Tucunduba em Belém-PA
Authors: De Araújo e Silva Ana Luiza , De Miranda Rocha Gilberto 
Published: October 2019

Pensar o espaço urbano na Amazônia é sempre um desafio, principalmente, pelas ricas particularidades que se expressam nesta região. O presente artigo busca apresentar o histórico da relação cidade e água no contexto amazônico, assim como Belém historicamente delineou a produção do espaço no convívio com as águas. A pesquisa realizada permitiu verificar o quanto a bacia do Tucunduba sofreu alterações ao longo de sua história, evidenciando a degradação ambiental em suas imediações. Com o auxílio de pesquisa documental, revisão bibliográfica e observação sistemática in loco, foi possível identificar os diferentes atores produtores do espaço na bacia e as relações estabelecidas com o ambiente de baixada. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, o artigo pretende contribuir para o debate sobre como se consolidou a produção do espaço em áreas de baixada na Amazônia.
Electrode Development for Electro‐Organic Kolbe–Schmitt C–H Carboxylation of Benzene Using Cu Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Modified With MIL‐101 MOF for CO2 Capture in a DES Electrolyte System
Authors: Behrouz Zahra , Banihashemi Kambiz , Saadat Mostafa , Alizadeh Sahar , Ahdenov Reza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on developing an advanced electrode for the electro‐organic Kolbe–Schmitt C–H carboxylation of benzene. The electrode uses copper (Cu) nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide modified with MIL‐101 metal–organic framework (MOF). The MIL‐101 MOF enhances CO2 capture, improving the electrode's efficiency in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) system. The study reports high yields (89%–97%) of synthesized benzoic acids 4(a–l), facilitated by urea/ChCl as a cost‐effective electrolyte, by applying an electric current of 20 mA, in 2 h and at ambient temperature. The innovative electrode design facilitates efficient benzoic acid synthesis, while the use of urea/ChCl as an accessible and cost‐effective electrolyte and solvent enhances the electro‐organic reaction rate. The synthesized benzoic acids were characterized through melting point analysis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and CHN elemental composition. To assess the electrode's properties, extensive characterization techniques such as XPS, TGA, SEM, EDS, FT‐IR, BET surface area analysis, CV, and FT‐IR were used.
Biological Synergy of Diorganotin (IV) Metal With Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, Antituberculosis, Antimicrobial, and Anti‐Inflammatory Evaluation
Authors: Taxak Bharti , Devi Jai , Kumar Binesh , Boora Ankit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the search for new therapeutic agents, a variety of diorganotin (IV) complexes were synthesized from Schiff base ligands (H2L1–H2L2) derived from 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloro‐5‐methylphenol and 5‐nitrosalicylaldehyde/5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde. Structural characterization was performed using various analytical and physical techniques. Spectroscopic data confirmed that the ligands coordinate to the diorganotin (IV) ion via O‐ and N‐donor sites in an iminol configuration, indicating a pentacoordinated stereochemistry. TGA studies showed stability up to 120°C, and low conductance suggested nonelectrolytic nature. Bioactivity screening included the alamar blue assay for antituberculosis activity, serial dilutions for antimicrobial testing, and the bovine serum albumin technique for anti‐inflammatory evaluation. Notably, Complex 6 [Ph2SnL1] displayed the highest efficacy against tuberculosis (MIC: 0.0102 ± 0.0017 μmol/mL) and inflammation (IC50:7.9437 ± 0.02 μM) dysfunctions, which is comparable to standard drugs. Moreover, the metal complexes, particularly Complexes 6 and 10, exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity with 0.0051–0.0052 μmol/mL MIC values. The efficacy pattern was Ph2SnL1–2 > Bu2SnL1–2 > Et2SnL1–2 > Me2SnL1–2. Evaluation of the ADMET profile elucidated the low toxicity levels and drug likeness properties of these compounds, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic agents.
Synthesis and Polymerization Activity of Phosphine‐Pyrrolido [PN] Titanium and Zirconium Complexes
Authors: Iwasaki Jin , Toda Tomoyuki , Wakatsuki Ayana , Ohta Shun , Nishii Kei , Matano Yoshihiro , Takenaka Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA monoanionic bidentate [PN]‐type ligand based on dibenzophosphole was synthesized, and its coordination properties toward titanium and zirconium were investigated. The complexes [PN]M (NR2)3 (M = Ti, R = Me; M = Zr, R = Et) were synthesized through the reaction of 4‐(1H‐pyrrole‐2‐yl)dibenzophosphole, [PN]H, with three equivalents of Ti (NMe2)4 or Zr (NEt2)4. Both titanium and zirconium complexes featuring the [PN] ligand were characterized by NMR and elemental analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography unveiled the solid‐state structure of [PN]Zr (NEt2)3, with the pyrrolido group coordinated to the zirconium center in the η1‐mode. Ethylene polymerization at 0.4 MPa using these complexes and dried modified methylaluminoxane (dMMAO) as a cocatalyst yielded linear polyethylene (PE) with a melting point of 128°C–136°C; the polymerization activity reached up to 64 kg/mol (Zr)·h·bar at 70°C.
Regioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Ynamides and Pyridine‐N‐Aminides Catalyzed by PicAuCl2 Anchored Onto SBA‐15
Authors: Song Boling , Liu Siqi , Cai Mingzhong , Wei Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA dichloro(2‐pyridinecarboxylato)gold complex anchored on SBA‐15 (SBA‐15‐PicAuCl2) was conveniently prepared through the addition reaction between triethoxy(3‐isocyanatopropyl)silane and dichloro(3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinecarboxylato)gold complex and subsequent condensation with SBA‐15. The new heterogenized PicAuCl2 complex was fully characterized by using various analytic methods. In the existence of 5 mol% of SBA‐15‐PicAuCl2, the regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between ynamides and pyridine‐N‐aminides proceeded in toluene at 100°C for 1–24 h to deliver a wide array of functionalized trisubstituted 1,3‐oxazoles in 57%–95% yields. Ynamides with alkyl, benzyl, and aryl substituents as well as different sulfonyl groups at the nitrogen atom and the oxazolidinone‐derived ynamides were well‐tolerated. A wide range of pyridine‐N‐aminides bearing aroyl, naphthoyl, furoyl, vinylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and methoxycarbonyl were also allowed in the reaction. Moreover, SBA‐15‐PicAuCl2 is easy to recover through a simple centrifugation and recyclable at least seven cycles with only a slight drop in catalytic activity.
Photophysical and Docking Studies of Schiff Base Coupled Silane: A Probe for Sn2+ Detection and PI3Kα Inhibitor for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Tamana  , Khurana Sumesh , Mithun  , Sharma Devina , Markan Pallavi , Diskit Tsering , Parul  , Singh K. N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCancer, a leading cause of death globally, necessitates clinical research to develop effective solutions to reduce mortality rates. Currently, scientists are focusing on two prominent topics in cancer treatment: the presence of Sn2+ in cells and the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase enzyme (PI3Kα). In this study, Schiff base‐coupled silane 7a {C26H35N5O6Si (M + H+ = 540.53)} has been synthesized that could detect Sn2+, which in trace amounts can help prevent cancer, and it also inhibits PI3Kα enzyme, thereby preventing the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. The detection limit and binding constant calculated via Fluorescence studies were found to be 3.46 × 10−8 M and 9.4 × 104 M−1, respectively. The value of inhibition constant of silane for PI3Kα enzyme was also found to be 2.52 nM via molecular docking.
The Role of Augmented Reality Experiences in Consumers' Purchase Intention Toward New Products
Authors: Ambika Anupama , Jain Varsha , Belk Russell , Kasilingam Dharun , Krishna Rajneesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAugmented reality marketing (ARM) is rapidly emerging as a critical marketing channel to enhance consumer experiences. In the past, researchers have focused on ARM's varied antecedents, mechanisms, and outcomes. However, this study aims to deepen the knowledge by exploring how ARM experiences can drive unique outcomes. Based on the TEAV model of consumption experience, we followed a mixed methods approach, utilizing the data from 22 interview participants and 711 survey respondents, analyzed through PLS‐SEM. The findings indicate that ARM facilitates cognitive, affective, and co‐creation experiences, influencing the purchase intention toward new variants of familiar products. The study's insights establish the role of technology in enabling new experiences and influencing consumption behaviors. The findings expand the academic understanding of the unique outcomes of ARM experiences. Brands, retailers, and marketers can use this research to boost revenue and image by encouraging ARM‐enabled experiences and purchases.
Novel Heterogeneous Pd Catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Biocompatible Media: Structural Insights from Solid‐State NMR Techniques
Authors: Wissel Till , Rösler Lorenz , Brodrecht Martin , Höfler Mark V. , Herr Kevin , de Oliveira Marcos , Klimavicius Vytautas , Ebert Martin , Breitzke Hergen , Hoffmann Markus , Buntkowsky Gerd , Gutmann Torsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNovel SBA‐15‐supported heterogeneous catalysts are synthesized and applied in the Mizoroki–Heck and the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in green solvents like PEG or water. The structural properties of the products after each synthesis step are monitored by different analytics. The amount of amine/carboxyl groups and vanillin/histidine methyl ester and thermal stability are determined by TGA and elemental analysis, while ICP‐OES delivered the amount of palladium of the catalysts. The morphology is investigated by SEM and XPS and confirms the presence of coordinated palladium in the zero‐oxidation state. Gas adsorption analysis is conducted, which indicates the presence of palladium clusters in one of the two catalysts, which is underlined by BSE images combined with EDX. A detailed 13C ssNMR and DNP‐enhanced 15N ssNMR spectral analysis is presented, which provides ultimate proof of the successful syntheses of the catalysts. The coordination of the palladium onto the carrier material is shown by combining the NMR spectral results with the results of the other analytics. First catalytic tests show for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction yields up to nearly 100% and for the Suzuki‐Miyaura up to 88% in the presence of PEG and water, respectively.
Lifetime asthma incidence is related to age at onset and allergies in western Sweden
Authors: Abohalaka Reshed , Ercan Selin , Lehtimäki Lauri , Ekerljung Linda , Backman Helena , Uslu Fatma Zehra , Ermis Saliha Selin Ozuygur , Rådinger Madeleine , Nwaru Bright I. , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough asthma is more frequently diagnosed in childhood, a substantial proportion of cases manifests in adulthood. Nonetheless, few studies have comprehensively examined asthma incidence across different ages, genders, and asthma phenotypes. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of asthma incidence from birth to late adulthood, stratified by age, gender, and the presence or absence of allergies. Our analysis indicates that a significant number of asthma cases emerged in adulthood, particularly among middle‐aged women, with adult‐onset asthma surpassing childhood‐onset asthma after the age of 35 years. Additionally, allergic asthma was more common in younger than older individuals but decreases with age, ultimately leading to a higher proportion of non‐allergic asthma in older than younger individuals. These findings underscore the predominance of adult‐onset asthma among females and confirm the majority of allergic asthma in children, which declines with age. Additionally, increasing age is associated with increased incidence of non‐allergic asthma. Asthma heterogeneity should be considered in both clinical management and research.