bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical implications of electroweak monopole
Authors: Cho Y. M. 
Published: November 2019

The electroweak monopole in the standard model, the existence, characteristic features, cosmological production and physical implications are discussed. The discovery of the Higgs particle has been thought to be the ‘final’ test of the standard model. If the standard model is correct, however, it must have the electroweak monopole as the electroweak generalization of the Dirac monopole. This means that the detection of this monopole should become the final and topological test of the standard model. If detected, it becomes the first magnetically charged and stable topological elementary particle in the history of physics. Moreover, it has deep implications in physics. In cosmology, it could generate the primordial magnetic black holes which could explain the dark matter, become the seed of the large-scale structures of the universe, and be the source of the intergalactic magnetic field. Just as importantly, it could generate the hitherto unknown magnetic current which could have huge practical applications. Furthermore, the existence of the monopole requires us to reformulate the perturbative expansion in quantum field theory. This makes the detection of the electroweak monopole a most urgent issue. We discuss useful tips for the MoEDAL detector at LHC and similar experiments on how to detect the monopole successfully.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Topological avatars of new physics’.
“Ghost ponds” – How to resurrect in-filled farmland ponds to assist aquatic biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Alderton Emily , Sayer Carl D. , Axmacher Jan C. , Patmore Ian R. , Burningham Helene , Brown Phill L. , Nobes Geoff 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTGrowing recognition of the importance of ponds for landscape-scale biodiversity has led to considerable interest in their conservation, focusing on new pond creation, or existing pond restoration. However, there is a third approach; the re-excavation of ‘ghost ponds’ – former ponds deliberately filled-in due to agricultural intensification. Previous work has shown ghost ponds to retain viable sediment propagules of many aquatic plants for over a century, allowing for the rapid re-colonisation of resurrected pond sites. Here we detail the practicalities of the ghost pond resurrection approach, describing how to locate, identify, and excavate ghost ponds in agricultural land. We also report on colonisation by aquatic macrophytes and water beetles (Coleoptera) for three ghost pond resurrections in Norfolk, eastern England and make comparisons with neighbouring extant ponds restored to open-canopy conditions via major scrub and sediment removal at the same time. Ecologically important macrophyte taxa, including charophyte and Potamogeton species, successfully established in the ghost ponds and within one year they supported a comparable species diversity to the adjacent restored ponds. Our findings show that, where appropriate to land management goals, ghost pond resurrection could be a very valuable conservation approach within farmed landscapes.
B Cell Receptor-Responsive miR-141 and viral miR-BART9 promote Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation Through FOXO3 Inhibition
Authors: Chen Yan , Fachko Devin , Ivanov Nikita S. , Skalsky Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntigen recognition by the B cell receptor (BCR) is a physiological trigger for reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can be recapitulated in vitro by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins. Previously, we identified a subset of EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) that attenuate BCR signal transduction and subsequently, dampen lytic replication in B cells. The roles of host miRNAs in virus reactivation are not completely understood. To investigate this process, we profiled the small RNAs in latently infected and reactivated Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, and identified several miRNAs, such as miR-141, that are induced upon BCR cross-linking. Notably, EBV encodes a viral miRNA, miR-BART9, with sequence homology to miR-141. To better understand the functions of these two miRNAs, we examined their molecular targets and experimentally validated multiple candidates commonly regulated by both miRNAs. Targets included transcriptional regulators of the EBV immediate early promoters and B cell transcription factors, leading us to hypothesize that these miRNAs modulate kinetics of the latent to lytic switch in B cells. Through functional assays, we identified roles for miR-141 and EBV miR-BART9 and one specific target, FOXO3, in lytic reactivation. Our data support a model whereby EBV exploits BCR-responsive miR-141 and further mimics activity of this miRNA family via a viral miRNA to promote productive virus replication.ImportanceEBV is a human pathogen associated with several malignancies. A key aspect of lifelong virus persistence is the ability to switch between latent and lytic replication modes. Mechanisms governing latency and lytic reactivation are only partly understood, and how the EBV latent to lytic switch is post-transcriptionally regulated remains an outstanding question. This study sheds light on how miR-141 expression is regulated in Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, and identifies a role for FOXO3, a common target of both miR-141 and viral miR-BART9, in modulating EBV reactivation.
Asymmetric Hapln1a drives regionalised cardiac ECM expansion and promotes heart morphogenesis during zebrafish development
Authors: Derrick Christopher J , Sánchez-Posada Juliana , Hussein Farah , Tessadori Federico , Pollitt Eric JG , Savage Aaron M , Wilkinson Robert N , Chico Timothy J , van Eeden Fredericus J , Bakkers Jeroen , Noël Emily S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mature vertebrate heart develops from a simple linear cardiac tube during early development through a series of highly asymmetric morphogenetic processes including cardiac looping and chamber ballooning. While the directionality of heart morphogenesis is partly controlled by embryonic laterality signals, previous studies have suggested that these extrinsic laterality cues interact with tissue-intrinsic signals in the heart to ensure robust asymmetric cardiac morphogenesis. Using livein vivoimaging of zebrafish embryos we describe a left-sided, chamber-specific expansion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) between the myocardium and endocardium at early stages of heart morphogenesis. We use Tomo-seq, a spatial transcriptomic approach, to identify transient and regionalised expression ofhyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1a(hapln1a),encoding an ECM cross-linking protein, in the heart tube prior to cardiac looping overlapping with regionalised ECM expansion. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments demonstrate that regionalised Hapln1a promotes heart morphogenesis through regional modulation of ECM thickness in the heart tube. Finally, we show that while induction of asymmetrichapln1aexpression is independent of embryonic left-right asymmetry, these laterality cues are required to orient thehapln1a-expressing cells asymmetrically along the left-right axis of the heart tube.Together, we propose a model whereby laterality cues positionhapln1aexpression on the left of the heart tube, and this asymmetric Hapln1a deposition drives ECM asymmetry and subsequently promotes robust asymmetric cardiac morphogenesis.
Macroeconomic determinants of credit risks: evidence from high-income countries
Authors: Koju Laxmi , Koju Ram , Wang Shouyang 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the significant indicators of macroeconomic environment that influence credit risk in high-income countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employs the system generalized method of moments estimator to avoid the dynamic panel bias and endogeneity issues. Different indices of economic growth are used in each model in order to find the most significant proxy of the economic cycle that influences problem loans. The analysis is carried out using a sample of 49 developed countries covering a 16-year period (2000–2015).

Findings
The overall empirical results highlight that the development of industrial sectors and exports are the main drivers of loan performance in high-income countries. The findings specifically recommend adopting an expansionary fiscal policy to boost per capita income and potential productivity for the safety of the banking system.

Practical implications
The findings have direct practical applicability for stabilizing the financial system. The study recommends the government to increase the productivity of export-oriented industries in order to boost employment and increase the payment obligations of individuals and business firms. More importantly, it highlights the essentiality of perfect economic policy to control default risks.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study that compares the relative effect of three alternative proxies of the economic cycle on credit risk and identifies the most significant proxy. The current study also empirically shows that industrial development could be one of the crucial factors to improve financial health in developed countries.
Tracing the radical, the migrant, and the secular in the history of Australian schooling
Authors: Low Remy , Mayes Eve , Proctor Helen 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a broad theoretical orientation for the themed section of History of Education Review, “Unstable concepts in the history of Australian schooling: radicalism, religion, migration”. Through the conceptual frame of “contrapuntal historiography”, it commends the practice of re-looking at taken-for-granted concepts and re-readings of the cultural archive of Australian schooling, with especial attention to silences, discontinuities and the movements of concepts.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on Edward Said’s approach of “contrapuntal reading”, this paper refers to the recent work of Bruce Pascoe as an exemplar of this practice in the field of Australian history. It then relates this approach to the study of the history of Australian schooling as demonstrated in the three papers that make up the themed section “Unstable concepts in the history of Australian schooling: radicalism, religion, migration”.

Findings
Following in the style of Said’s contrapuntal reading and the example of Pascoe’s work, this paper argues that there are inerasable traces of historical politics – that is, the records of constitutive exclusions and silences – which “haunt” taken-for-granted concepts like the migrant, the secular and the radical in the history of Australian schooling.

Originality/value
Taken alongside the three papers in the themed section, this paper urges the proliferation of different theoretical and disciplinary approaches in order to think anew about silences, discontinuities and movements of concepts as a counterpoint to dominant narrative lines in the history of Australian education.
Uncovering the factors impacting visitor’s satisfaction: evidence from a portfolio of events
Authors: Almeida António , Teixeira Sergio Jesus , Franco Mara 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to get insights on a real-life portfolio of events from a demand-centred prospective, based on the identification of factors influencing the degree of attendee’s satisfaction, with the ultimate aim of identifying commonalities and prospective cross-leverage strategies among events.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from attendees to three major events taking place in Funchal, the capital city of Madeira, were analysed based on multivariate statistics and categorical regression owing to the overwhelming presence of categorical data in the database. The econometric analysis pursued in this paper is based on a sample of 1,830 tourists.

Findings
The research demonstrates that the impact of the socio-economic variables and travel arrangements on attendees’ satisfaction is rather irrelevant, irrespective of the event under analysis, with cross-cutting factors defining the overall quality of any event (mainly technical aspects such as aesthetical elements, organization and opening hours) determinant in predicting the overall degree of satisfaction. Another key finding relates to the existence of a number of commonalities among events, in terms of tourists’ profiles, market orientation, themes and resources laying ground to define ready-to-apply cross-leverage strategies.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis concentrated on three major events taking place in the capital city of a peripheral region. The content of the questionnaire co-developed with the destination management organization with order to get access to a large sample of respondents.

Practical implications
Lessons to be learnt in terms of managing a disparate collection of events developed over time in an ad hoc manner. A few examples of cross-leverage strategies are put forward.

Originality/value
The analysis and empirical content portrayed in this study contribute to the literature on event portfolio via description of real-life case examples of how to develop competencies based on post-event analysis in a proactive manner.
Social food pleasure
Authors: Mendini Monica , Pizzetti Marta , Peter Paula C. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce and define social food pleasure as a new conceptual framework that can promote pleasurable and healthy food experiences.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing the literature related to food well-being and pleasure primarily from marketing and management fields and by looking at current trends appealing to food consumers and food enjoyers, the authors propose a new conceptual framework of social food pleasure.FindingsThe authors conceptualize social food pleasure as “the enjoyment derived from the acts of sharing food experiences offline, online, and for society at large, that positively contributes to consumers’ overall pleasure and satisfaction with consumer’s food consumption”. Moreover, the authors identify three key contexts of applications of social food pleasure. Sharing offline relates to the social activities that can help achieve pleasure with food. Sharing online concerns new media tools which allow for the connection between consumers and food to enhance food pleasure. Sharing for society considers the current pleasure of consumers derived from having a positive social experience based on food consumption.Originality/valueBy defining social food pleasure and proposing a conceptual framework of the three contexts of application, the authors advance the understanding of what constitutes pleasurable food experiences, connecting it to healthy food choices and well-being.
Mixed‐mode bacterial transmission in the common brooding coralPocillopora acuta
Authors: Damjanovic Katarina , Menéndez Patricia , Blackall Linda L. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryReef‐building corals form associations with a huge diversity of microorganisms, which are essential for the survival and well‐being of their host. While the acquisition patterns of Symbiodiniaceae microalgal endosymbionts are strongly linked to the coral's reproductive strategy, few studies have investigated the transmission mode of bacteria, especially in brooding species. Here, we relied on 16S rRNA gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 marker metabarcoding in conjunction with fluorescencein situhybridisation microscopy to describe the onset of microbial associations in the common brooding coralPocillopora acuta. We analysed the bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae community composition in five adult colonies, their larvae, and 4‐day old recruits. Larvae and recruits inherited Symbiodiniaceae, as well as a small number of bacterial strains, from their parents. Rhodobacteraceae andEndozoicomonaswere among the most abundant taxa that were likely maternally transmitted to the offspring. The presence of bacterial aggregates in newly released larvae was observed with confocal microscopy, confirming the occurrence of vertical transmission of bacteria inP.acuta. We concluded that host factors, as well as the environmental bacterial pool influenced the microbiome ofP.acuta.
The impact of voluntary and nonpayment policies in reducing early‐term elective deliveries among privately insured and Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Allen Lindsay , Grossman Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a voluntary pledge policy and a mandatory nonpayment policy on reducing early‐term elective deliveries among privately insured and Medicaid‐enrolled individuals.Data Sources/Study SettingBirth certificate data from 2009 to 2015, from South Carolina and 16 control states.Study DesignWe use a difference‐in‐differences approach to test the impact of two different policy types. Outcomes include the probability of an early elective delivery, gestation time, and birthweight.Principal FindingsThe voluntary pledge and mandatory nonpayment policy reduced overall EED rates from 13.1 to 11.4 (−12.7 percent, [P < .05]), and 10.9 ([−16.6 percent, P < .05]), respectively. Compared to the privately insured, we found greater relative decreases in Medicaid EED rate, the proportion of Medicaid births occurring before 39 weeks, and the proportion of Medicaid babies born with low birthweight.ConclusionsBoth voluntary and mandatory nonpayment policies are effective in reducing the rate of EEDs, especially among Medicaid enrollees. Given the high costs and poor outcomes associated with EEDs, policy makers may consider using either tool as a way to improve care value.
Decisional Capacity and Personality Disorders: Substantially Unable or Substantially Unwilling?
Authors: Perington Madison R. , Smith Charles A. , Schillerstrom Jason E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCapacity assessments are performed when there is suspicion that a person is unable to adequately care for their physical, medical, or financial well‐being. The purpose of these assessments is to inform the legal system as to whether or not guardianship may be necessary. It is well established that certain mental illnesses, such as neurocognitive disorders (dementia) or psychotic disorders (like schizophrenia), may diminish capacity and, in some cases, lead to the need for establishment of a legal guardian. However, personality disorders are another common category of mental illness which may impair decision‐making. There is very little information in the literature about how or why these disorders could impair capacity, and thus, it can often be difficult to discern whether clients with personality disorders are substantially unable to care for themselves—versus unwilling to act in a way contrary to their ingrained habits. We present a series of three cases in which clients are determined to lack capacity primarily mediated by a personality disorder diagnosis. They are demonstrated to have mild deficits in cognitive functioning, but they show impaired decision‐making out of proportion to these deficits. In all three cases, it is apparent that the personality disorder is substantially impairing their ability to care for themselves. Discussion includes consideration for ways to incorporate evaluations of cognitive function, activities of daily living, and personality considerations into capacity assessments, and how to approach recommendations (such as guardianship vs. less restrictive option) based on both level and scope of impairment.
Polyphenolic Profiling, Browning, and Glutathione Content of Sparkling Wines Produced with Nontraditional Grape Varieties: Indicator of Quality During the Biological Aging
Authors: Sartor Saionara , Burin Vívian Maria , Ferreira‐Lima Nayla E. , Caliari Vinícius , Bordignon‐Luiz Marilde T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSparkling wines were elaborated with the nontraditional varieties Villenave, Niagara, Manzoni, and Goethe, and monitored in relation to the changes in phenolic composition, browning index, and glutathione content during 18 months of biological aging (sur lies). Important changes in the phenolic profile, browning index, and glutathione content were observed in the sparkling wines during the over‐lees aging period. The major phenolic compound in the sparkling wines was tyrosol, followed by caffeic, trans‐caftaric, and gallic acids, catechin and epicatechin. The biological aging led to an increase in the individual phenolic compounds, especially caffeic, gallic, and ellagic acids, and an increase in the browning index was also observed during the aging period. Caffeic acid was significantly correlated with browning and aging period in all sparkling wines, which indicates that this compound can be useful as a quality marker to monitoring the biological aging profile of white sparkling wines. The results obtained indicate that the aging period (sur lie) had an important influence on the changes in the unique phenolic profile of the sparkling wines elaborated with nontraditional varieties.Practical ApplicationIn sparkling wines production, the secondary fermentation occurring in the sealed bottle during the vinification contributes greatly to their quality and sensory complexity. The Vitis labrusca and hybrid grapes varieties represent most of the grapes cultivated in Brazil being employed in the elaboration of juices and wines. These varieties present a great oenological potential and have not been explored yet regarding to the production of white sparkling wines. The use of these nontraditional grape varieties cultivated in South Brazil may be a viable alternative in the production of white sparkling wines with biological aging potential and particular bioactive properties.
Exploring undiagnosed celiac disease in women with recurrent reproductive failure: The gluten‐free diet could improve reproductive outcomes
Authors: Alecsandru Diana , López‐Palacios Natalia , Castaño Mercedes , Aparicio Pilar , García‐Velasco Juan Antonio , Núñez Concepción 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProblemWhich is the prevalence and seroprevalence of celiac disease (CD) in women with recurrent reproductive failure?Method of studyRetrospective study performed in a single infertility clinic from September 2016 to December 2017. A total of 690 women with unexplained history of recurrent miscarriage and/or recurrent implantation failure were consecutively recruited. IgA anti‐transglutaminase 2 (TG2) antibody data were collected, as well as IgG anti‐TG2 and IgA/IgG anti‐deamidated gluten peptide (DGP) data in most cases, and IgG anti‐gliadin antibodies occasionally. In selected women, HLA‐DQ genotyping was requested. Biopsy was suggested to all women with positive serological results or belonging to CD risk groups. Reproductive outcomes were recorded from women with high suspicion of CD and a control group comprised of 49 women.ResultsAnti‐TG2–positive women comprised 1% of the sample. An additional 4% was observed considering less‐specific antibodies (31 women). Only 39% of sero‐positive women accepted duodenal biopsy. HLA and biopsy data discarded CD in 14 sero‐positive cases (37%), only one with anti‐TG2 antibodies. CD was suggested in 10 sero‐positive and three sero‐negative women (1.9%). Compared with controls, the live birthrate of the studied women with probable CD was significantly decreased before gluten removal of the diet (P = .015), but significantly increased after that (P = .020).ConclusionOne percent CD prevalence should be expected after anti‐TG2 serological screening. However, more sensitive approaches should be explored, especially considering the potential beneficial effect of the gluten‐free diet on the reproductive outcomes of women with CD.