bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Food Matrix and the Gastrointestinal Fluids Alter the Features of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Laloux Laurie , Kastrati Donika , Cambier Sébastien , Gutleb Arno C. , Schneider Yves‐Jacques 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in the agri‐food sector, which can lead to their ingestion. Their interaction with food and their passage through the gastrointestinal tract can alter their properties and influence their fate upon ingestion. Therefore, this study aims at developing an in vitro method to follow the fate of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract. After incorporation of AgNPs into a standardized food matrix, a precolonic digestion is simulated and AgNPs are characterized by different techniques. The presence of food influences the AgNPs properties by forming a corona around nanoparticles. Even if the salivary step does not impact significantly the AgNPs, the pH decrease and the digestive enzymes induce the agglomeration of AgNPs during the gastric phase, while the addition of intestinal fluids disintegrates these clusters. AgNPs can thus reach the intestinal cells under nanometric form, although the presence of food and gastrointestinal fluids modifies their properties compared to pristine AgNPs. They can form a corona around the nanoparticles and act as colloidal stabilizer, which can impact the interaction of AgNPs with intestinal epithelium. This study demonstrates the importance of taking the fate of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract into account to perform an accurate risk assessment of nanomaterials.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship methods in the discovery and development of antibacterials
Authors: Suay‐Garcia Beatriz , Bueso‐Bordils Jose Ignacio , Falcó Antonio , Pérez‐Gracia María Teresa , Antón‐Fos Gerardo , Alemán‐López Pedro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance, there is a constant need for new antibiotics. However, the fact that traditional methods of drug discovery are expensive and time‐consuming has discouraged the pharmaceutical industry, leaving the burden of discovery to research institutions. This is where quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods become a key tool in fighting multidrug‐resistant bacteria, seeing as they provide useful information for the rational design of new active molecules at a minimal cost. A variety of linear and nonlinear statistical methods are used to develop these models based on the 2D or 3D representations of the molecules. QSAR models have proven to be effective in rapidly providing lead compound candidates against resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonasspp.,Bacillus subtilis, orMycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, QSAR methods allow for a deeper analysis of a library of molecules, selecting those with not only the optimal activity, but also the most favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles. The information obtained from QSAR studies makes optimizing an existing drug simpler, which is a cost‐effective approach to obtain new treatments against increasingly resistant bacteria.This article is categorized under:  Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics  Software > Molecular Modeling
SSCI mitigation of grid‐connected DFIG wind turbines with fractional‐order sliding mode controller
Authors: Li Penghan , Wang Jie , Xiong Linyun , Huang Sunhua , Wang Ziqiang , Ma Meiling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo mitigate subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI) in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm, this paper proposes a robust controller for rotor‐side converter (RSC) using fractional‐order sliding mode controller (FOSMC). The proposed FOSMC can improve robustness and convergence properties of the controlled system, thus achieving SSCI damping under various operating conditions. Impedance‐based analysis and time‐domain simulation are performed to check the capability of the designed FOSMC as compared with conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and subsynchronous damping control (SSDC). Simulation results demonstrate that FOSMC can mitigate SSCI within shorter time and effectively reduce the fluctuation range of system transient responses under various operating conditions of wind speeds and compensation levels. Moreover, FOSMC also improves system robustness against parameter uncertainties and external disturbances, which is important for safe operation of realistic wind farms.
Prediction of shape distortions during forming and welding of a double-curved strip geometry in alloy 718
Authors: Pérez Caro Lluís , Odenberger Eva-Lis , Schill Mikael , Steffenburg-Nordenström Joachim , Niklasson Fredrik , Oldenburg Mats 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe finite element method (FEM) has considerably contributed to the development of advanced manufacturing methods for metal structures. The prediction of the final shape of a component is of great interest to the manufacturing industry. The level of demand may increase due to multistage processes. Therefore, including all steps of the manufacturing chain in the simulations is a key to being successful. This has been done for a long time in the stamping industry, which involves sequences of forming, trimming, and springback. However, more complex manufacturing procedures that include assembling of formed parts with forgings and castings via welding have been modelled with simplifications, resulting in a reduced prediction accuracy. In the present study, a double-curved part manufactured from alloy 718 is formed at 20 °C and laser-welded using the bead-on-plate procedure. The coupling of different manufacturing analyses, including cold forming, trimming, result mapping, welding, cooling, and springback, is achieved using LS-DYNA. Additionally, the effect of adding a damage and failure model in the forming simulation is studied. The results of the forming analysis are used as inputs for the material model *MAT_CWM in the welding simulation. The anisotropic thermomechanical properties of alloy 718 are determined at temperatures up to 1000 °C. Encouraging agreement is found between the model predictions and the results of forming and welding tests. The findings underscore the importance of including the material history and accurate process conditions along the manufacturing chain to both the prediction accuracy of shape distortions, and to the potential of the industry.
Towards new TB vaccines
Authors: Brazier Benedict , McShane Helen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosisremains the leading cause of death attributed to a single infectious organism. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the standard vaccine againstM. tuberculosis, is thought to prevent only 5% of all vaccine-preventable deaths due to tuberculosis, thus an alternative vaccine is required. One of the principal barriers to vaccine development againstM. tuberculosisis the complexity of the immune response to infection, with uncertainty as to what constitutes an immunological correlate of protection. In this paper, we seek to give an overview of the immunology ofM. tuberculosisinfection, and by doing so, investigate possible targets of vaccine development. This encompasses the innate, adaptive, mucosal and humoral immune systems. Though MVA85A did not improve protection compared with BCG alone in a large-scale clinical trial, the correlates of protection this has revealed, in addition to promising results from candidate such as VPM1002, M72/ASO1E and H56:IC31 point to a brighter future in the field of TB vaccine development.
Die elektronische Patientenakte im Krankenhausinformationssystem
Authors: Mir Mohi Sefat Armin , Patermann Katrin , von Ohlen Lars , Kühr Andrea , Ranjbar Mahdy , Pauls Werner , Dück Rudolf , Grisanti Salvatore 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Einführung einer elektronischen Patientenakte (EPA) im Bereich der Ophthalmologie stellt für viele Kliniken eine Herausforderung dar. Obwohl alle Kliniken ein Krankenhausinformationssystem (KIS) besitzen, sind die wenigsten dieser Systeme für die komplexe ophthalmologische Patientenakte gerüstet.

Methodik
Wir berichten über die Implementierung einer ophthalmologischen EPA innerhalb des vorherrschenden KIS (Agfa-ORBIS; Agfa HealthCare GmbH, Bonn). Dabei werden sowohl die digitale Aktenführung als auch die Anbindung der vorhandenen Untersuchungsgeräte dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Die von uns entwickelte EPA wird im klinischen Alltag seit 2009 genutzt und seitdem kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit der IT-Abteilung konnten alle Untersuchungsgeräte digital angebunden werden und ein papierloses Arbeiten ermöglichen und die Nachteile der Papierakte vermeiden.

Diskussion
Die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten einer in das vorhandene KIS implementierten EPA sind vielfältig. Durch solch ein System kann eine lückenlose, fächerübergreifende und ubiquitäre Dokumentation erfolgen. Die Alternative stellt die Anschaffung eines Drittsystems dar, welches sowohl durch eine Schnittstelle mit dem Hauptsystem verbunden werden muss als auch deutliche höhere Anschaffungs- und Erhaltungskosten aufweist.
Analyse des dynamischen Verhaltens zweier gekoppelter Druckregelventile
Authors: Schröders Simon , Fidlin Alexander 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn hydraulischen Systemen können Druckschwingungen aus unterschiedlichen Gründen und mit verschiedenen Amplituden und Frequenzen auftreten, zum Beispiel aufgrund von Pumpenpulsationen, hervorgerufen durch Instabilitäten hydraulischer Ventile oder durch externe Anregung. Die Reduktion dieser Druckschwingungen stellt somit bei der Konstruktion und Auslegung hydraulischer Systeme eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Die gebräuchliche Lösung für diese Problematik besteht darin, hydraulische Widerstandselemente, welche die Schwingungen dämpfen sollen, zwischen verschiedenen Teilsystemen des hydraulischen Kreislaufs einzubringen. Dies ist energetisch ungünstig, da an jedem Widerstandselement Strömungs- und damit Leistungsverluste auftreten.Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Modellbildung, Stabilitätsuntersuchung und dynamische Analyse eines Systems zweier gekoppelter Druckregelventile, wobei das erste Ventil als Druckbegrenzungsventil und das zweite als Druckminderventil fungiert. Das System stellt eine typische Konfiguration innerhalb eines hydraulischen Kreislaufs dar und beinhaltet die Problematik auftretender Druckschwingungen dadurch, dass die Gleichgewichtslagen der Ventile instabil werden können. Es wird gezeigt, dass bei dieser Ventilkonfiguration bei richtiger dynamischer Abstimmung die Ventilöffnung des Druckminderventils die Funktion einer sehr effizienten Dämpfungsblende erfüllen kann und in der Lage ist, Druckschwingungen, hervorgerufen durch das Druckbegrenzungsventil, signifikant zu reduzieren. Bei dieser Ventilkonfiguration kann somit auf zusätzliche Widerstandselemente verzichtet werden, weshalb sie energetisch besonders effizient ist.
Delegating Clozapine Monitoring to Advanced Nurse Practitioners: An Exploratory, Randomized Study to Assess the Effect on Prescription and Its Safety
Authors:   CLOZ-NP Study Group, van der Zalm Y. C. , Schulte P. F. , Bogers J. P. A. M. , Termorshuizen F. , Marcelis M. , van Piere M. A. G. B. , Sommer I. E. , Selten J. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo test whether: (1) psychiatrists will prescribe clozapine more often if they can delegate the monitoring tasks to an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP), (2) clozapine monitoring by an ANP is at least as safe as monitoring by a psychiatrist. Patients from 23 Dutch outpatient teams were assessed for an indication for clozapine. ANPs affiliated to these teams were randomized to Condition A: clozapine monitoring by an ANP, or Condition B: monitoring by the psychiatrist. The safety of monitoring was evaluated by determining whether the weekly neutrophil measurements were performed. Staff and patients were blinded regarding the first hypothesis. Of the 173 patients with an indication for clozapine at baseline, only seven in Condition A and four in Condition B were prescribed clozapine (Odds Ratio = 2.24, 95% CI 0.61–8.21; p = 0.225). These low figures affected the power of this study. When we considered all patients who started with clozapine over the 15-month period (N = 49), the Odds Ratio was 1.90 (95% CI 0.93–3.87; p = 0.078). With regard to the safety of the monitoring of the latter group of patients, 71.2% of the required neutrophil measurements were performed in condition A and 67.3% in condition B (OR = 0.98; CI = 0.16–3.04; p = 0.98). Identifying patients with an indication for clozapine does not automatically lead to improved prescription rates, even when an ANP is available for the monitoring. Clozapine-monitoring performed by an ANP seemed as safe as that by a psychiatrist.
To Be or Not to Be Governed Like That? Harmful and/or Offensive Advertising Complaints in the United Kingdom’s (Self-) Regulatory Context
Authors: Auxtova Kristina , Brennan Mary , Dunne Stephen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how the UK’s Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) governs advertising ethics with and on behalf of its members and stakeholders. Drawing on an archive of 310 non-commercial (i.e., not-for-profit and public) adjudication reports, we highlight the substantive norms and procedural mechanisms through which the ASA governs advertising complaints alleging offence and/or harm. Substantively, the ASA precludes potential normative transgressions by publishing, disseminating, consulting upon, and updating detailed codes of advertising conduct. Procedurally, the ASA adjudicates between allegations and justifications of offence and harm on a received complaint-by-complaint basis, often upon consequentialist grounds. Such consequentialism, we claim, has the effect of normalizing power imbalances between the ASA’s members, on the one hand, and wider stakeholders, on the other hand. The paper argues that, in the context of UK advertising, what Michel Foucault called the right ‘to be or not to be governed like that’ is enjoyed by relatively few subjects. Having demonstrated how UK advertising practices are governed, the paper closes with suggestions as to how they might be governed otherwise.
Attunement in Music Therapy for Young Children with Autism: Revisiting Qualities of Relationship as Mechanisms of Change
Authors: Mössler Karin , Schmid Wolfgang , Aßmus Jörg , Fusar-Poli Laura , Gold Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined whether musical and emotional attunement predicts changes in improvisational music therapy with children with autism (4–7 years,N = 101, majority: no/limited speech, low IQ), assessed over 12 months. Attunement, as observed from session videos, and changes in generalized social skills, judged by blinded assessors and parents, were evaluated using standardized tools (Assessment of the Quality of Relationship, Improvisational Music Therapy Principles, ADOS, SRS). In contrast to the smaller pilot, we did not find significant effects between attunement and changes in outcomes, only tendencies in the same direction are observed. Findings suggest that symptom severity is associated with the therapist’s ability to attune to the child. They further raise questions concerning outcome selection and user involvement.
Electrooxidation behavior of ethanol toward carbon microbead-encapsulated ZnO particles derived from coffee waste
Authors: Ghouri Zafar Khan , Elsaid Khaled , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed , Abdala Ahmed , Farhad Mohammad Zahid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbon microbead-encapsulated ZnO (CM-ZnO) particles have been synthesized from the spent coffee ground (SCG) by chemical activation with ZnCl2 followed by calcination at 700 ℃ in N2 environment. Interestingly, ZnCl2 can act as an activating agent as well as a precursor for ZnO particles. The structure of the core and shell of the CM-ZnO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the presence of the encapsulated ZnO particles. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) plots showed a well-developed porous structure with a specific surface area of 210 m2/g, average pore volume of 1.12 cm3/g, and an average pore radius of 31.7 Å. The electrooxidation behavior of ethanol toward the synthesized CM-ZnO was then studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. For comparison, two types of modified electrodes were prepared: the first one with the non-activated SCG and the second one with the CM-ZnO. The electrochemical measurements of the prepared CM-ZnO demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activity with a current density of ~ 35 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl for ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium. The electrochemical measurements specified that the presence of ZnO particles and the high surface area of the activated sample have a significant influence on electrooxidation activity. Therefore, the introduced CM-ZnO particles could be an alternative and effective non-precious electrocatalyst for ethanol electrooxidation.
Application-Aware Firewall Mechanism for Software Defined Networks
Authors: Nife Fahad N. , Kotulski Zbigniew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoftware-Defined-Networking (SDN) has been recently arising as a new technology in the IT industry. It is a network architecture that hopes to provide better solutions to most of the constraints in contemporary networks. SDN is a centralized control architecture for networking in which the control plane is separated from the data plane, the network services are abstracted from the underlying forwarding devices, and the network’s intelligence is centralized in a software-based directly-programmed device called a controller. These features of SDN provide more flexible, programmable and innovative network’s architecture. However, they may pose new vulnerabilities and may lead to new security problems. In this paper, we propose the application-aware firewall mechanism for SDN, which can be implemented as an extension to the network’s controller. In order to provide more control and visibility in applications running over the network, the system is able to detect network applications that may at some point affect network’s performance, and it is capable to dynamically enforce constraint rules on applications. The firewall architecture is designed as four cooperating modules: the Main Module, the Filtering Module, the Application Identification Module, and the Security-Enforcement Module. The proposed mechanism checks the network traffic at the network, transport, and application levels, and installs appropriate security instructions down into the network. The proposed solution features were implemented and tested using a Python-based POX controller, and the network topology was built using Mininet emulation tool.
A Large Deviation Perspective on Ratio Observables in Reset Processes: Robustness of Rate Functions
Authors: Coghi Francesco , Harris Rosemary J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study large deviations of a ratio observable in discrete-time reset processes. The ratio takes the form of a current divided by the number of reset steps and as such it is not extensive in time. A large deviation rate function can be derived for this observable via contraction from the joint probability density function of current and number of reset steps. The ratio rate function is differentiable and we argue that its qualitative shape is ‘robust’, i.e. it is generic for reset processes regardless of whether they have short- or long-range correlations. We discuss similarities and differences with the rate function of the efficiency in stochastic thermodynamics.
Tracking self-citations in academic publishing
Authors: Kacem Ameni , Flatt Justin W. , Mayr Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCitation metrics have value because they aim to make scientific assessment a level playing field, but urgent transparency-based adjustments are necessary to ensure that measurements yield the most accurate picture of impact and excellence. One problematic area is the handling of self-citations, which are either excluded or inappropriately accounted for when using bibliometric indicators for research evaluation. Here, in favor of openly tracking self-citations we report on self-referencing behavior among various academic disciplines as captured by the curated Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database. Specifically, we examined the behavior of 385,616 authors grouped into 15 subject areas like Biology, Chemistry, Science and Technology, Engineering, and Physics. These authors have published 3,240,973 papers that have accumulated 90,806,462 citations, roughly five percent of which are self-citations. Up until now, very little is known about the buildup of self-citations at the author-level and in field-specific contexts. Our view is that hiding self-citation data is indefensible and needlessly confuses any attempts to understand the bibliometric impact of one’s work. Instead we urge academics to embrace visibility of citation data in a community of peers, which relies on nuance and openness rather than curated scorekeeping.
ESMO 2019: breast cancer
Authors: Bartsch Rupert 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis articles reviews results of relevant breast cancer trials presented at the 2019 ESMO Meeting. In triple-negative disease, addition of pembrolizumab to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy yielded a pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 64.8%, the highest pCR rate reported to date in this setting; in addition, a trend towards improved event-free survival was observed in the immunotherapy group. In pretreated patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, single-agent pembrolizumab was not superior to conventional chemotherapy. In metastatic hormone-receptor positive disease, an update of the MONARCH2 and MonaLEEsa‑3 studies indicated an overall-survival benefit in favour of the respective CDK4/6 inhibitor groups emphasizing the clinical importance of this class of drugs.
Valorization of Waste Feathers in the Production of New Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Dieckmann Elena , Onsiong Richard , Nagy Balázs , Sheldrick Leila , Cheeseman Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Poultry has become the primary source of dietary protein consumed globally and as a result the by-product feathers are an increasingly problematic industrial waste. Developing a circular economy for feathers is, therefore, an important research area that provides an opportunity to make use of the unique combination of properties of this abundant natural material. This paper reports on the thermal properties of novel feather-based thermal insulation materials. Waste feathers were collected, cleaned and processed into fibres, which were then used to form air-laid nonwoven materials. These have a high fibre content and exploit the excellent natural thermal insulation properties of feathers. The performance of the novel materials developed are tested in order to outline the influence of temperature and density on thermal conductivity and dynamic water sorption. Results are compared to a range of commercially available thermal insulation materials for buildings manufactured from denim, hemp, sheep wool, PET and mineral wool. It was found that air laid feather-fibre fabrics have comparable performance to other fibrous materials and have a thermal conductivity of 0.033 W/(m K) for samples with a density of 59 kg/m3. This is due to the low thermal conductivity of feather fibres and the void structure formed by air-laid processing that effectively traps air. These materials additionally offer improved sustainability credentials as they are derived from a readily available waste that is generally considered to be unavoidable. The paper concludes by highlighting the significant technical and commercial barriers that exist to using waste feathers in thermal insulation products and suggests areas for further research that can exploit the unique properties of feathers.

Graphical Abstract