bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental comparison of Web, electronic and mail survey technologies in operations management
Authors: Klassen Robert D. , Jacobs Jennifer 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWith the growing acceptance of the Web (Internet) and electronic mail, it is no surprise that researchers are using an increasingly diverse set of survey technologies to gather data from managers. However, the effectiveness of these electronic technologies has not been rigorously assessed, especially for gathering data from establishment‐level surveys (i.e. firm‐ or plant‐level). To that end, a stratified sample of large and small, service and manufacturing firms was constructed, followed by random assignment to one of four survey technologies: mail, fax, PC disk‐by‐mail and Web‐page survey (combined with e‐mail notification). For each treatment, managers are queried about their use of forecasting characteristics, yielding a sample of 118 firms. Unfortunately, only a low percentage (34%) of firms and managers assigned to the Web technology treatment both reported access to e‐mail and were willing provide their e‐mail addresses; they tended to be large firms and from the service sector. Moreover, those that did offer e‐mail addresses were only about half as likely to respond to the Web‐based survey as those targeted by other survey technologies. However, Web, fax and disk‐by‐mail technologies yielded higher item completion rates than mail. Limited statistical evidence indicated that respondents using computer‐based survey technologies (i.e. Web or disk‐by‐mail) generally reported forecasting characteristics that are associated with firms exhibiting best practices. Thus, a multi‐technology survey approach using the Web and fax can yield a strong combination of benefits over a traditional mail survey.
Carrageenan‐induced subacromial bursitis caused changes in the rat's rotator cuff
Authors: Tillander Bo , Franzén Lennart E. , Nilsson Elise , Norlin Rolf 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the histologic expression of the rat's supra‐ and infraspinatus tendons in carrageenan‐induced subacromial bursitis. Thirty‐two rats received subacromial injections with carrageenan (n= 28) or saline (n= 4). The tendons were analysed microscopically after staining with hematoxyline eosin, Van Giesons hematoxyline and immunofluorescent staining of fibronectin and fibrinogen. In the controls (saline × 10) and group A (carrageenan × 5) there were no changes in the tendons. In group B (carrageenan × 10) 3/8 rats showed macrophages between the collagen fibres and an increased staining of fibronectin. In group C (double dosis carrageenan) all rats had signs of fibrocartilaginous metaplasia in the supraspinatus tendon. In eight of these specimens even bony metaplasia was seen. The infraspinatus tendon showed fibrosis but no fibro‐cartilaginous metaplasia. The results showed that iatrogenic bursitis after carrageenan subacromial injections was associated with marked changes of the supraspinatus tendon. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effects of neonatal basal forebrain lesions oncognition : towards understanding the developmental roleof the cholinergic basal forebrain
Authors: Berger‐Sweeney Joanne 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAbnormal development of the cholinergic basal forebrain has been implicated innumerous developmental disabilities such as Rett Syndrome and Down Syndrome. This reviewsummarizes recent data using two rodent animal models that involve interrupting cholinergic basalforebrain projections on postnatal day 1 and postnatal day 7 when basal forebrain fibers arebeginning to innervate their neocortical and hippocampal targets, respectively. In one model,electrolytic lesions in mice aimed at the basal forebrain on postnatal day 1 transiently reducecholinergic markers in neocortex which induce permanent alterations in neocortical anatomy thatcorrelate with impairments on cognitive tasks. Furthermore, the lesion effects are sex dependent.In another model, 192 IgG saporin lesions in rats on postnatal day 7 permanently reducecholinergic markers in neocortex and hippocampus, and result in mild impairments in spatialprocessing, acquisition and exploratory activities. These data suggest that during the firstpostnatal week of development the cholinergic basal forebrain system is critical for normalneocortical differentiation and, possibly synaptogenesis in neural circuits that will be important forspatial memory and acquisition of spatial data. During the second postnatal week of development,the cholinergic basal forebrain system appears to take on a role largely similar to its adult role inselective attention and processing of new information. These studies also suggest strongly thatinterrupting cholinergic basal forebrain innervation of neocortex and hippocampus leads toanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities that may serve as neural substrates for some of thecognitive deficits seen in disorders such as Rett Syndrome and Down Syndrome.
Mechanisms of apoptosis in embryonic cortical neurons (E6 and E7) in culture involve lipid signalling, protein phosphorylation and caspase activation
Authors: Dawson Glyn 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCultured embryonic (E7) chick neurons, derived from cerebral hemispheres, underwent apoptosis in response to inhibitors of protein kinase C (staurosporine) and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (wortmannin and LY294002), in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. This was monitored by loss of cell viability, increased DNA fragmentation, and activation of caspase‐3‐like activity, all of which were partially reversed by elevating the level of cAMP in the cells with Bt2cAMP or (Sp)cAMPS. Further studies revealed that an early step in apoptosis was the formation of ceramide from sphingomyelin, resulting from the activation of a neutral pH sphingomyelinase activity. Thus inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase increased ceramide levels in the same time‐frame as caspase‐3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Neurons could also be killed by the addition of either water‐soluble C2‐ceramide (30 μM) or natural C22/24 ceramide (0.5 μM). In contrast to the apparent protective effect of ser/thr protein phosphorylation, a pro‐apoptotic role for tyrosine phosphate phosphorylation was suggested by the ability of protein tyrosine phosphate phosphatase inhibitor, Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV), to induce apoptosis in E7CH neurons. Thus BMOV (25 μM) killed 50% of E7CH neurons and B lymphocytes but not glial cells, or T‐lymphocytes, suggesting the existence of a common apoptotic pathway in neurons and B‐cells.We conclude that the major pathway for programmed cell death in embryonic chick neurons has many elements in common with that described for other cells but that there may be some unique aspects which can be used to protect embryonic neurons from opioid and other drug‐enhanced apoptosis.
Levels of anxiety, depression and denial in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Sarantidis D , Thomas A , Iphantis K , Katsaros N , Tripodianakis J , Katsabouris G 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn this study we investigated 1) the changes in anxiety, depression and denial from admission to discharge in patients admitted to the intensive care unit following an acute myocardial infarction and 2) the effect of smoking habits, time lapsed from the appearance of symptoms to seeking help behavior, presence of a person that motivated the patient to seek help, previous myocardial infarction (MI) and family history of MI, on these changes. The results indicated that 1) the levels of both anxiety and depression increased from admission to discharge, while denial decreased; 2) positive family history of MI was associated with lower difference of denial between admission and discharge.
Sulpiride adjunction to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients: a preliminary case series study
Authors: Shiloh R , Zemishlany Z , Aizenberg D , Weizman A 
Published: July 2002

SummarySix chronic neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients, partial responders to clozapine, were co-administered 600 mg/day of sulpiride (a selective D2 dopaminergic antagonist) as an augmentation to clozapine (a relatively weak D2 blocker), for 10 weeks, open-labeled. A remarkable reduction in positive and negative symptoms was observed in four of the six patients.
Inter-rater reliability of two depression rating scales, MADRS and DRRS, based on videotape records of structured interviews
Authors: Corruble E , Purper D , Payan C , Guelfi JD 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe inter-rater reliability of the French versions of the MADRS and the DRRS was studied on the basis of 58 videotape records of structured standardised interviews of depressed inpatients under antidepressant treatment. Each patient was assessed by two trained raters, from the same videotape recording. The inter-rater reliability of total scores was high with both scales (intra-class correlation coefficients: 0.86 for MADRS and 0.77 for DRRS). However, the inter-rater reliability for individual items was higher and more homogeneous for the MADRS than for the DRRS. Finally, the structured interview in French appears to be relevant for the MADRS, but it should be improved for the DRRS.
Comparing onset of effect of antidepressants: Pragmatic considerations on methods and end-points
Authors: Hackett D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThere is no accepted definition of what constitutes onset of antidepressant effect, and this limits evaluation of the validity of many comparative reports. In order to clarify the nature of the comparative methodology required, it is proposed that two distinct research questions are separated conceptually: 1) when do antidepressant drugs begin to clinically act? and 2) do all antidepressant drugs produce relief of symptoms in patients within a similar time period? A methodological distinction may also be made in terms of whether to assess the onset of effect of an antidepressant as having an absolute quality (“fast”) or as being fast relative to other treatments (“faster”). The choice of aim will help to define the methodological approach, the applicability of the findings and the difficulties to be addressed. Describing an antidepressant as showing a “fast” or “faster” onset of response requires that any description attempts to define (in terms that may be generalised) the nature of the comparison (faster than what?), the nature of the effect (faster to do what?) and the population in whom this effect may be expected (faster in whom?). Some details of methodological approaches are reviewed, and suggestions for study designs are made.
Monitoring patients with left ventricular failure by electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Noble Timothy J. , Morice Alyn H. , Channer Kevin S. , Milnes Peter , Harris Nigel D. , Brown Brian H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAcute left ventricular failure (LVF) is a common medical emergency but detection and monitoring of pulmonary oedema remains problematic. Fluid is an important determinant of tissue impedance. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non‐invasive technique allowing localisation of impedance changes within tissue. We have investigated the relationship between LVF and the electrical impedance of lung tissue. Twenty patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute left ventricular failure were compared with 30 normal subjects. Patients were monitored using serial chest radiographs and electrical impedance tomography measurements of lung impedance during hospital admission. Radiographs were graded according to the severity of pulmonary oedema by two independent radiologists. Lung impedance was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower than normal in patients with left ventricular failure. Values returned towards the normal range as LVF resolved. There was a similar improvement in the score of the chest radiographs. The electrical impedance of the lung is low in left ventricular failure and increases following treatment.
Advances in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Ali Fadwa , Keshinro Ajaratu , Weiser Martin R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLocally advanced rectal cancer requires multidisciplinary care. In the United States, most patients are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation delivered over 25‐28 days, total mesorectal excision, and 4 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. While effective, this trimodal approach is arduous. Alternative approaches have emerged to streamline treatment without sacrificing oncologic outcomes. These approaches include preoperative chemotherapy with selective use of radiation, short‐course radiotherapy delivered over 5 days, and total neoadjuvant therapy with attempted nonoperative organ‐preserving management (watch and wait). Ongoing trials are assessing the efficacies of these approaches in combination with various risk stratification strategies.
Preparation and properties of high‐strength‐high‐modulus polyimide cords/natural rubber composites
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Zhang Mengying , Sun Guohua , Huang Wei , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐strength‐high‐modulus polyimide (PI) cords reinforced natural rubber (NR) composites are prepared, and the PI cords are treated with resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (RFL) adhesive to enhance the interfacial adhesion with NR matrix. The influence of RFL adhesive variables, such as the ratio of R/F and RF/L, on the adhesion between PI cords and NR is investigated. Furthermore, sorbitol glycidyl ether (SGE) and caprolactam blocked methylene diisocyanate (CBI) are adhered to the surface of the PI cords through a dip‐coating procedure to introduce epoxy and NCO groups and graft with more RFL adhesive. The H pull‐out force of SGE/CBI‐RFL treated PI cords/NR composites reaches as high as 193.9 N, which is 580% higher than that of untreated PI ones. Additionally, the SGE/CBI‐RFL treated PI cords/NR composites exhibit superior adhesion, aging, and fatigue resistance together with better mechanical properties as compared with SGE/CBI‐RFL treated poly(para‐phenylene terephtalamide) (PPTA) cords/NR composites.
Preparation and properties of nano ZnO toughed phenol–urea‐formaldehyde foam
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Zheng Ting , Lu Chunrui , Guo Xiaona , Xiao Haiying , Jia Jin , Zhang Dongxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUrea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) foam possess outstanding flame‐retardant properties, excellent insulation, and low thermal conductivity. These properties make them suitable for thermal insulation in buildings. However, the mechanical properties still need to be improved. In this study, orthogonal test was designed to optimize the level components of PF/UF composite foam first, then nano ZnO was added to the PF/UF composite foam to improve its toughness. The effects of nano ZnO on the morphology, apparent density, pulverization rate, thermal conductivity and thermal degradation property, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam were studied. The addition of nano ZnO improved the bending and compressive strength and decreased the pulverization rate of the composite foam significantly. The ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam also presented better flame retardant properties than PF/UF composite foam. The largest oxygen index values of ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam could reach 39.31%, while the thermal conductivity and the maximum rate of weight loss temperature were increased to 0.036 W/(m∙K) and 279°C, respectively. Moreover, ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam showed low apparent density property (0.27 g/cm3).
Chitosan hydrogel covalently crosslinked by gold nanoparticle: Eliminating the use of toxic crosslinkers
Authors: Tenório Fernanda Silva , do Amaral Montanheiro Thaís Larissa , dos Santos Alexandre Martins Isaias , dos Santos Silva Mateus , Lemes Ana Paula , Tada Dayane Batista 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTissue engineering has directed a lot of effort toward the development of devices with suitable biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Chitosan has been pointed as a valuable material to be applied in scaffolds due to its antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the low mechanical resistance associated with the requirement of toxic crosslinkers has hampered translational application of chitosan hydrogel. Herein, the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as crosslinker is reported as a great strategy to obtain chitosan hydrogel without using toxic reactants. In addition, the resultant chitosan hydrogel, crosslinked by AuNP of 30 nm (AuNP30), presented outstanding properties compared to chitosan hydrogel crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Chitosan hydrogel crosslinked by AuNP30 presented lower porosity, which provided lower swelling degree and slower degradation rate. In addition, compressive strength was about two times higher than the chitosan hydrogel crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The crosslink by AuNP30 also increased the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Chitosan hydrogel crosslinked by AuNP30 did not show cytotoxicity against MEF cells, whereas cell viability of cells incubated with extract from chitosan hydrogel crosslinked by glutaraldehyde was only 41%. In conclusion, the results reported herein pointed that the use of AuNP30 as crosslinker agent provided to chitosan hydrogel enhanced properties that made it suitable to application in biomedical devices.
Effect of clinoptilolite on structure and drug release behavior of chitosan/thyme oil γ‐Cyclodextrin inclusion compound hydrogels
Authors: Moradi Sara , Barati Abolfazl , Tonelli Alan E. , Hamedi Hamid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChitosan‐based hydrogels involving γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion compounds of thyme oil were prepared by freeze–thaw cycling method. Clinoptilolite as a natural zeolite was added to investigate its effects on the structural, mechanical, and drug release behaviors of the hydrogels. Zeolite compressed the structure and improved mechanical properties, which decreased swelling values. Release of thyme oil in prepared hydrogels were investigated by UV spectroscopy and drug release mechanism was evaluated by applying various mathematical methods. Rates of water vapor transmission of the samples were calculated as 2247–2998 g m−2 day−1 which are all in the range of an ideal wound dressing. Hydrogels with clinoptilolite had slower drug release (from 56% to 24% for hydrogels containing zeolite 1%) in comparison with that of without zeolite. Based on MTT assay, samples were low‐toxic. Obtained results suggest that drug loaded hydrogels can be applied in biomedical field including drug delivery systems and wound dressings.
UV‐shielding antimicrobial zein films blended with essential oils for active food packaging
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Santhiya Deenan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA comprehensive study on zein film blended with glycerol and essential oils (EOs) is presented in this work. In particular, ultra violet (UV) shielding property and antimicrobial efficacy of developed active zein films (ZF) are tested. The fabricated films show zero transmittance in the UV region as compare to commercial poly‐film which shows 40%–80% of UV transmittance. Results show that films are effective against spoilage microorganisms. The incorporation of EOs in ZF significantly reduces the growth of microbes over fruit samples since day 3. Physical interactions existing between EOs along with glycerol and zein provide considerable barrier properties. The glass transition temperature of the film comes out to be 47.7°C having the tensile strength of 1.21 ± 0.05 MPa. TGA curves show major weight loss in the range of 220–375°C. In conclusion, edible active ZF can be used as healthy packages over food and drug to increase their shelf life.
Robotic prostatectomy after abandoned open radical prostatectomy—Technical aspects and outcomes
Authors: O’Connor E. , Koschel S. , Bagguley D. , Sathianathen N. J. , Cumberbatch M. G. , Thangasamy I. A. , Moon D. , Murphy D. G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technical aspects and outcomes of robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) following abandoned open radical prostatectomy (ORP).Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent RARP following abandonment of ORP between 2016 and 2020. RARP was undertaken by two highly experienced robotic surgeons. Analysis of patient and operative characteristics, outcomes, and reasons for abandonment of ORP were described.ResultsSix patients were included for analysis with a median age of 63.5 years [50.3‐67.5]. The median body mass index (BMI) was 34.7 [27.8‐36.2]. All patients had intermediate‐risk prostate cancer. Small prostate and deep pelvis were given as reasons for abandoning ORP in five cases (83.3%), with four of these also attributing increased BMI as a factor. Extensive mesh from previous bilateral inguinal hernia repair was cited as the reason for abandonment in the remaining patient. One patient had commenced androgen deprivation therapy following abandoned ORP. Extensive retropubic adhesions were noted at the time of RARP in five of six patients, with intraoperative complication of small bladder lacerations encountered in the patient with prior mesh hernia repair. The median time from abandoned ORP to RARP was 128 days [40‐216]. Median operating time was 160 minutes [139‐190] and estimated blood loss was 225 mL [138‐375]. Negative margins were obtained in four of six cases, with further salvage treatment being required in one case at a median follow‐up duration of 10.5 months [6.5‐25.3].ConclusionAbandonment of ORP is an uncommonly reported event, however, in this small case series, we demonstrate that, in the hands of experienced surgeons, RARP is a safe and technically feasible alternative in such cases. Increased BMI, small prostate size and pelvic anatomical constraints appear to be common catalysts for abandonment of open surgery in this cohort. Identifying these high‐risk patients early and considering referral to robotic centers may be preferred.