bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Удосконалення стоматологічної допомоги військовослужбовцям Збройних Сил України у відповідності до вимог стандартів НАТО
Authors: Badiuk M. I. , Kovalenko V. V. , Solarik V. V. , Yarosh T. V. , Khersonskaja T. V. 
Published: October 2020

Мета. Наукове обґрунтування шляхів удосконалення стоматологічної допомоги військовослужбовцям ЗС України через досягнення сумісності медико-технологічних документів надання стоматологічної допомоги із стандартами НАТО.
Методи дослідження. Методологія дослідження базувалася на системному підході. Для вирішення поставлених завдань застосовувались наступні методи досліджень: системного аналізу (системно-історичний; системно-структурний; системно-елементний; системно-комунікативний) і методи статистичного аналізу.
Результати. У ході дослідження проаналізовані показники роботи стоматологічної служби ЗС України під час виконання миротворчих місій (Ліберія, Конго) та в умовах ведення АТО/ООС. Досліджені стандарти НАТО з організації стоматологічної допомоги в умовах ведення збройного конфлікту та визначені можливі напрямки удосконалення стоматологічної допомоги військовослужбовцям ЗС України шляхом адаптування вітчизняних стандартів до стандартів НАТО. Матеріали дослідження знайшли своє відображення у розробленому колективом стоматологічної служби ЗС України “Збірнику локальних клінічних протоколів надання стоматологічної допомоги військовослужбовцям з основними хворобами органів порожнини рота в зоні проведення бойових дій” (2017 р.), які на сьогодні використовуються лікарями-стоматологами ЗС України в практичній діяльності.
Висновки. Проведене дослідження дозволяє стверджувати, що наявна організаційно-штатна структура стоматологічної служби ЗС України дозволяє в повному обсязі застосувати стандарти НАТО та адаптувати алгоритми і протоколи надання медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям ЗС України при пораненнях в ЩЛД в умовах ведення збройного конфлікту
A cross sectional study to observe the diversity of fungal species in Onychomycosis isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Authors: Raziuddin Ahmed  , Bahram Khan Khoso  , Fakhur Uddin  , Nida Rehman  , Muhammad Sohail  , Saleem Hafiz  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To study the frequency and diversity of fungi involved in onychomycosis.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2018 to February 2019 at the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and the University of Karachi. Specimens were taken from patients suffering with onychomycosis attending the Dermatology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre and were processed for the isolation of fungi. Specimens were processed for the diagnosis by potassium hydroxide mount for microscopic evaluation and mycological culture to determine the type of fungus involved in onychomycosis. Fungi were isolated using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with antibiotics cycloheximide and chloramphenicol, and without antibiotics. Plates were observed for the growth periodically until 4th week. Appearance of any colony was studied further for identification on the basis of cultural characteristics and microscopy. Precise identification of Candida species was done.
Results: Of the 230 samples, 85(36.96%) were from males and 145(63.04%) from females. Potassium hydroxide mount showed fungal element in 134(58.26%) specimens, while in 111(48.26%) patients the fungal culture was positive. Nine (3.9%) cases were culture-positive but potassium hydroxide-negative, while among the 134(58.26%) potassium hydroxide-positive cases, 32(23.9%) were culture-negative.
Key Words: Candida, Dermatophytes, Fungal infections of nail, KOH mount, Non-dermatophyte molds, Onychomycosis, Tinea unguium.
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Breast cancer awareness among pharmacy and physiotherapy students of medical university Nawabshah
Authors: Rao Irfan  , Hisbullah Memon  , Ishfaque Nazeer Umrani  , Habibullah Soomro  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of students at a medical university regarding possible risk factors and screening modalities of breast cancer.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2019 at the People’s University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, Pakistan, and compried young female students from first year to final year at the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences of the university. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire, and was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 450 students approached, 375(84%) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 21.06±1.164 years (range: 18-26 years). Overall, 225(60%) students said contraceptive pills could increase the risk of breast cancer, 267(71.2%) agreed that breast-feeding could reduce cancer risk, while 361 (96.27%) of the students had good mammography and clinical breast examination knowledge. Also, 308(82.13%) respondents knew about breast self-examination, but were not aware of its procedure.
Conclusion: Majority of the subjects had knowledge and awareness about breast cancer, its risk factors, diagnostic parameters and possible treatment options, but they did not have knowledge regarding the procedures of breast self-examination.
Key Words: Breast cancer, Risk factors, Mammography, Breast self-examination. Continuous...
A case report of synchronous bilateral tonsillar carcinoma associated with human papilloma virus
Authors: Shunji Tamagawa  , Mehmet Gunduz  , Keisuke Enomoto  , Esra Gunduz  , Kenji Warigaya  , Muneki Hotomi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The case of a 69-year-old man with bilateral synchronous tonsillar carcinoma is reported. The patient complained of nasal closure, strange voice, and discomfort in his pharynx when he was admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan, in March 2017. The palatine tonsils were enlarged and the surface was irregular. Left cervical lymphadenopathy was also evident. Histological examination from both tonsils was performed and bilateral tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. PCR analysis showed the same HPV-DNA pattern from bilateral tonsils.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed. Total 70 Gy of irradiation (2Gy/day×35 day) was applied to bilateral tonsillar tumours and upper neck. Follow up was conducted every three months and the patient was free of recurrence for three years. Patient’s informed consent was taken to publish the case report.
Keywords: bilateral synchronous tonsillar carcinoma, HPV, tonsil
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Frequency & association of maxillary ectopic canine with incisor root resorption & dental agenesis
Authors: Nasreen Iqbal Nagani  , Imtiaz Ahmed  , Sadia Rizwan  , Hana Pervez  , Taskeen Khan  , Tahira Arif  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the frequency of maxillary ectopic canine both buccally and palatally displaced with incisor root resorption and dental agenesis.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from April 8 to June 29, 2019, at the Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute Of Oral Health Sciences, and Dow Dental College, Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised orthodontic patients diagnosed with maxillary ectopic canine eruption. Root resorption and agenesis were diagnosed on panoramic films. Root resorption was further confirmed by periapical radiographs. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 98 subjects, 86(87.8%) had buccally displaced canines of which 38(44.2%) were associated with root resorption, while 12(12.2%) patients had palatally displaced canines of which 10(83.3%) had root resorption (p=0.011). Overall, 30(30.6%) lateral incisors were resorbed, 7(7.1%) both central and lateral incisors, 5(5.1%) premolars, and 6(6.1%) both lateral incisors and premolars were resorbed. Agenesis was detected in 10 (10.2%) subjects (p=0.62).
Conclusion: There was found to be no association of maxillary ectopic canines with incisor root resorption and dental agenesis.
Key Words: Root resorption, Agenesis, Ectopic canine, Buccally displaced canine, Palatally displaced canine.
perception and comprehension of L2 English sentence types
Authors: Patience Matthew , Colantoni Laura , Klassen Gabrielle , Radu Malina , Tararova Olga 
Published: October 2020

L2 prosody is particularly difficult to acquire, because it requires an understanding of intonation, syntax, and pragmatics. For example, to acquire English sentence types, speakers must learn that statements (Ss) and absolute yes/no questions (AQs) are syntactically and prosodically marked, whereas the difference between Ss and declarative questions (DQs) is purely prosodic. Moreover, DQs can only occur in restricted contexts, such as to express surprise. In this paper, we examine the L2 perception and comprehension of English sentence types, by speakers of three typologically distinct L1s (Spanish, Mandarin, Inuktitut), with the goal of investigating the role of crosslinguistic influence (CLI). Spanish uses only intonation (a higher initial pitch accent and final rising boundary tone) to distinguish Ss from AQs and DQs, whereas in Mandarin, questions (AQs and DQs) can be syntactically identical to statements or marked by the lexical particle –ma. Mandarin also has a prosodic distinction between broad focus and echo questions (which are similar to English AQs and DQs). In contrast, Inuktitut has a very restricted use of pitch, and primarily marks questions morphologically. Learners of each L1 and English controls performed three tasks that varied in the amount of contextual and linguistic information available. Our results revealed evidence of both positive and negative CLI. Inuktitut and Mandarin speakers demonstrated some tendencies to focus more on syntax than intonation. Moreover, the Mandarin speakers were the most successful at acquiring the pragmatic distinction between AQs and DQs, which we argue is due to a similar contrast in Mandarin.
Teacher Attrition: The Former Teachers’ Perspectives in the Bhutanese Context
Authors: Wangchuk Chencho , Dorji Jigme 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To examine why professional teachers leave teaching and what measures the stakeholders could adopt to retain them.
Study Design: A qualitative research design.
Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in Bhutan, and it took one year.
Methodology: Data were collected from 15 former teachers through semi-structured interviews and written responses to open-ended questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed using directed content analysis technique.
Findings: Analyses of the data revealed four findings. They are human, social, structural, and psychological capitals. However, as structural and psychological capitals were either the cause or the result of human and social capitals, the findings were subsumed into human and social capitals.
Conclusions: This study examined reasons for teacher attrition from the perspective of former teachers. Based on the analyses of the data, two measures are suggested for teacher retention. These measures are renovating or building new physical structures and revamping leadership selection procedures.
Hemodialysis Status in an Egyptian Coastal City, Alexandria: An Epidemiological Study with a 3-year Prospective Mortality Observation
Authors: Megahed Abir Farouk , Saleh Reem Mohamed Farouk , Fahmy Afaf Mohamed , Ahmed Nagy Sayed- 
Published: October 2020

Backgrounds: Hemodialysis (HD) represents the main modality of RRT in Egypt and it constitutes a burden on the health care budget. In Alexandria province of Egypt, HD service is provided through fifty-seven HD units, which are categorized into twenty-one nonprofit units and thirty-six private for-profit HD units. Our aims were to study epidemiology and to assess the three-year survival of ESRD patients treated by HD in governmental hospitals in Alexandria province.
Methods and Design: In the year 2016; the data of the patients were collected from all the governmental hospitals in Alexandria province, which comprised seven HD units containing 687 patients. In a cross-sectional arm of the study, demographic data, vascular access, HIV, HBV and HCV serology, the possible etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), associated comorbidities, and the routine laboratory variables were included. Furthermore, in a prospective phase of the study, a three-year-survival rate of the studied HD patients was recorded.
Results: The total number of HD patients in Alexandria province during 2019 was totaled to be 3552 in all HD units, so the estimated HD prevalence rate would be around 710 ppm. Demographic data of the surveyed 687 patients in the governmental HD units showed their mean age; 50.78 years with more males, and their mean duration of HD; 55 months. It was also noted that there was no positive seroconversion regarding HCV, HBV nor HIV. Sixteen HCV antibody-positive patients received direct-acting antiviral drugs and were converted to HCV PCR-negative. HTN was more common etiology of CKD in males, while DM and combined DM and HTN were more common in females. The target hemoglobin level was present in around 37% of the studied HD patients. Most of the studied patients had serum calcium ranged from 8-10 mg /dl and 53% of them had serum phosphorus ranged from 3-5.5 mg /dl. Para-thyroidectomy was done for 2% of the studied patients while 4% of cases received cinacalcet. The 3-year, 5-year and 7-year survival rates were 92.5%, 87%, and 82% respectively.
Conclusion: The epidemiology of hemodialysis patients in Alexandria province is not different in many aspects from other published data about some Egyptian governorates however there is no published new epidemiology about the whole country. 11.2% of HCV Abs positive became PCR negative after antiviral management protocol.
Effects of Different Weed Control Measures on Leaf Area Index and Yield of Three Varieties of Rice under Two Planting Methods
Authors: Olorukooba M. M. 
Published: October 2020

Field trials were conducted during the 2005, 2006 and 2007 rainy season at Irrigation Research Station, Kadawa situated in Sudan savannah agro – ecological zone, Kano state, Nigeria to investigate the effects of different weed control measures on leaf area index and yield of three varieties of lowland rice under two planting methods. The trials were laid out in split – plot design and replicated three times with factorial combination of two planting methods and three varieties in the main plots and weed control treatments in the subplots. The result revealed that transplanting of rice increased leaf area index in 2006, 2007 and mean value for the three years 12WAS / T. Transplanting also resulted in higher paddy yield than direct seeding in 2006 and mean value for the three years. FARO 52 rice variety had significantly higher leaf area index than FARO 50 and FARO 44 in 2005 cropping season. FARO 52 had higher yield in 2006 and the mean value for the three years compare to the other two varieties. Application of pre – emergence oxadiazon at 1.0 Kg per hectare followed by post – emergence piperophos plus propanil at 1.5 Kg per hectare applied at 5 WAS / T gave the highest mean yield for the three years closely followed by hand-pulling weed control measure compared to the weedy check that gave the least mean paddy yield. Application of pre – emergence oxadiazon at 1.0 Kg per hectare followed by post – emergence piperophos plus propanil at 1.5 Kg per hectare applied at 5 WAS / T in transplanted FARO 52 gave the highest mean yield of 5.5 tonnes per hectare for the three years than weedy check that gave the least mean paddy yield of 2.6 tonnes per hectare. It can be concluded that transplanting of FARO 52 rice variety and combined application of pre-emergence application of oxadiazon at 1.0 kg per hectare followed by post-emergence piperophos plus propanil at 1.5 kg per hectare is therefore recommended as the economically viable integrated package for lowland rice production in the Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zones.
Malaria Infection and Efficacy of Antimalarials among Persons Patronizing Drugstores for Malaria Treatment in Port Harcourt
Authors: ’israel E. L. Augustine–D , Abah A. E. , Onosakponome E. O. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Monitoring of malaria infection and antimalarial drug efficacy is necessary for effective case management, detection of resistance and control of the disease.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess malaria infection and the efficacy of antimalarials among persons patronizing drugstores for malaria treatment in Port Harcourt and its environs, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Whole blood was randomly collected from individuals visiting 24 drug stores for malaria treatment in three different locations in Port Harcourt and analysed using both microscopy and rapid diagnostic techniques.
Results: The overall prevalence of 22.8% was recorded out of 633 participants for (P. falciparum) malaria. Infection was highest in Mile IV (Rumueme) 30.8% followed by Rumuosi, 23.1% and the least was D/Line area, 14.5% out of 221 participants per location respectively. The incidence of malaria in the study area was significantly different (X2 = 16.69; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the intensity of malaria parasite infection in the study areas. Seven types of drugs were purchased to treat perceived malaria. 177 (26.7%) participants purchased coatem, 187 (28.3%) purchased Lonart. The others were Lumartem 133 (20.1%), P.alaxin 83 (12.5%), Amarla by 19 (2.9%) and artesunate by 57 (8.6%). All the antimalarial were purchased by those that tested positive. The most purchased drug was Lonart 11 (34.37%), Lumartem 25 (36.8%) and Malareich 19 (31.3%) in D/Line, Mile IV and Rumuosi cluster areas respectively. There was a significant difference in the antimalarials purchased. Result of Follow up test shows that only 59.6% returned to be tested and they all tested negative.
Conclusion: Malaria preponderance was high among studied subjects, ACT was topmost among antimalarials regularly purchased by the individuals. Conformity to the use of ACT could be said to be impressive though not yet 100%. People who are treated for malaria should be encouraged to undergo a test after treatment for effective case management and detection of resistance.
Antiproliferative Activity of Ethanol Extract of Boswellia dalzielii (Hutch) Stem Bark in Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Otitoju A. P. , Longdet I. Y. , Alemika T. E. , Gota V. P. 
Published: October 2020

Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the antiproliferative activity of ethanol extract derived from the Boswellia dalzielii stem bark in breast carcinoma.
Methodology: Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Boswellia dalzielii were prepared. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.
Results: Obtained results in 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay indicated that ethanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark showed significant antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark ethanol extract in MDA-MB231 was 98. 12 μg/mL.
Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that Boswellia dalzielii stem bark extract possesses significant antiproliferative potential which could be mediated by the chemical constituents present in the plant. However, further research needs to be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the cell cycle and also to determine the type of cell death produced by the extract.
Evaluation of Nephrotoxic and Hepatotoxic Potential of Artesunate in Malaria Patients
Authors: Nwankpa Ugonna D. , Ogbonna Henry N. , Udekwu Chinedu E. , Nwokafor Chibuzo V. 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To evaluate the nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials of artesunate in humans.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, between November and December 2019.
Methodology: 70 blood samples were collected from 35 normal individuals (control group), and 35 malaria patients treated with parenteral artesunate (treatment group). These were analyzed for biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The treatment group was further regrouped according to gender (19 males and 16 females), age (20 patients aged 20-29 and 15 patients aged 30-40 years) and duration of treatment (29 patients on 3rd or 4th day and 6 patients on 5th or 6th day of treatment). Biochemical tests were carried out using standard Randox test kits. One-way ANOVA was done on the parameters using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), and comparisons were made.
Results: Compared to control group, the treatment group showed significant increases (p<0.05) in BUN (15.89+1.30 against 11.69+0.62), Creatinine (0.96+0.62 against 0.82+0.03) and AST (22.14+2.45 against 16.66+0.85), a non-significant increase (p 0.05) in ALT (26.57+3.18 against 21.66+2.56) and ALP (85.31+4.06 against 77.54+3.09) and a non-significant decrease (p 0.05) in total bilirubin (0.59+0.06 against 0.65+0.06). However, all parameters examined were within the normal ranges. There was no significant relationship found in any parameter in a comparison of gender, age and duration of treatment.
Conclusion: Since all parameters examined were in the normal ranges, administration of artesunate in the recommended dosage and the right duration may not have any significant toxic effect on the kidney and liver. However, further studies may be necessary to ascertain if the observed elevations could be attributed wholly to artesunate or other medications taken by the malaria patients.
Effect of Grape Seed Extract in Minimizing the Harmful Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on the Chicken Embryonic Retina to Show Scientific Miracles In the Holy Quran
Authors: Gamdi Fawzya Al- , Harbi Nouf Al- 
Published: October 2020

In 1969, a Canadian laboratory announced that its studies on synthetic alkaline (cyclamate) proved to be a carcinogen despite its use for more than twenty years in the beverage industry. There are many additives that have raised the controversy about the large extent of safety to consumers and the most famous controversy and consumption is the article of monosodium glutamate (MSG) which touched research on the negative impact on samples of research experiments. This research aims to study the effect (MSG) on the formation of retina in chicken embryos and the potential improvement effects of GSE grape seed extracts during incubation as part of the solutions provided in the event of the long term use of MSG and its accumulation in the body Human. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups based on the injection period and the injected substances. The first control group(Injected with saline), the second group, treated with MSG, the 3rd group were treated with Monosoudim glutamate and grape seed extract at days 0,1 of incubation, whereas the 4thgroup,was treated with MSG and then the GSE (M – G) were given at3,4 days post MSG . The effect of the experimental materials on the development of the retina at the age of 14 was investigated in the current work. The results showed that the treatment of embryos with MSG dose (0.1 ml) caused many of the abnormalities at the level of tissue formation of the retina, and after the treatment of the fetus with GSE was noted to reduce the damage to the tissue of the retina. The results showed that the treatment of embryos with MSG dose (0.1 ml) caused many of the abnormalities at the level of tissue form of the retina, and after the treatment of the fetus with GSE was noted to reduce the damage to the tissue of the retina.