bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR THE DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF THE ALPHA-AMYLASE OF
PSEUDOMONAS SACCHAROPHILA
Authors: Eisenstadt Jerome M. , Klein Harold P. 
Published: January 2020

Eisenstadt, Jerome
M. (Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass.)
and Harold P. Klein
. Evidence for the de novo synthesis of the alpha-amylase of
Pseudomonas saccharophila
. J. Bacteriol.
82:
798–807. 1961.—Chloramphenicol at a concentration of 20 μg per ml inhibited the appearance of the inducible α-amylase of
Pseudomonas saccharophila
. This inhibition was observed when induction was attempted in buffer or in a complete medium. Preinduced cells were also prevented from forming this enzyme under similar conditions. Under all the conditions tested, there was no lag in chloramphenicol inhibition, thus suggesting an absence of any protein precursor in amylase formation.

Cells suspended in a complete medium without a nitrogen source lost their capacity to form this enzyme when subsequently induced in buffer. When cells were grown in the presence of radioactive sulfate and then subjected to starvation, the radioactivity of the amino acid pool diminished only slightly. However, examination of the free amino acid pool by paper chromatography showed that the loss of enzyme inducibility was accompanied by the disappearance of glutamine, aspartic acid, and a third, unidentified, compound. Enzyme-forming ability was restored by the addition, to starved cells of casein hydrolysate, glutamate, glutamine, or aspartate. Other amino acids tested were ineffective in this regard.
When cells were induced in buffer in the presence of labeled methionine, amylase was formed at a linear rate over a 3-hr period. Furthermore, both the cellular proteins and the extracellular amylase became labeled at a linear rate.
These observations are discussed in relation to the problem of protein turnover, and are interpreted as evidence for the de novo synthesis of α-amylase in this organism.
Alimentação e escravidão no vale do rio Cauca, Nova Granada, através dos olhos de romancistas e viajantes (1750-1851)
Authors: Gómez Esteban Zabala 
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho pretende abordar o uso da literatura, principalmente romances costumbristas do século XIX e relatos de viajantes estrangeiros do mesmo período, como fonte histórica para a análise das práticas alimentares dos escravizados da região do vale do rio Cauca, na Nova Granada, durante os anos de 1750 – última etapa do comércio negreiro – até 1851 – o fim da escravidão. Já o historiador da alimentação Henrique Carneiro, no seu texto As fontes para os estudos históricos sobre a alimentação (2005), prestou atenção na dificuldade que essa área da história tem quanto à pouca quantidade de documentos oficiais úteis para a compreensão dos fenômenos alimentares. Porém, o pesquisador faz um chamado para o uso de múltiplos tipos de fontes, dos quais os relatos de viagens, crônicas e romances sobressaem.
Portanto, no decorrer desta pesquisa tem sido importante prestar especial atenção às metodologias necessárias para o uso da literatura como fonte histórica, assim, temos nos aproximado às teorias produzidas principalmente pela História Cultural, que propõem que para analisar esse tipo de fonte é necessário entender que o que é escrito pelos romancistas e viajantes são representações da realidade e, portanto, como escreveu o historiador José da Silva Horta no seu texto “Nações”, marcadores identitários e complexidades da representação étnica nas escritas portuguesas de viagem: Guiné do Cabo Verde (séculos XVI e XVII), publicado em 2013, essas representações provinham de uma “grelha cultural” de que dispunham os europeus para representar, no nosso caso, os escravizados e libertos, sendo o conceito de representação fundamental para entender os métodos para o análise da literatura desde uma perspectiva histórica.
Assim, este trabalho é uma tentativa de compreender o complexo contexto de contato cultural produto da colonização espanhola nas Américas e o comércio transatlântico de pessoas originárias de diferentes partes da África Ocidental, através das suas práticas alimentares: utensílios, alimentos e preparações, representadas por esses romancistas e viajantes.
Finalmente, os romances aqui usados são María de Jorge Isaacs (1867) e El alférez real de Eustaquio Palacios (1886), ademais dos relatos de viajantes de diferentes nacionalidades como o frei espanhol Juan de Santa Gertrudis, que viajou à Nova Granada entre 1757 e 1767, o coronel britânico John Potter Hamilton, que esteve na década de 20 do século XIX, e o botânico estadunidense Isaac Holton, que passou pelo vale do Cauca no ano de 1851.
Possibilidades de estudo da alimentação egípcia antiga
Authors: Gama Cintia 
Published: January 2020

O estudo de culturas passadas, principalmente no que concerne ao cotidiano e às práticas mais habituais a uma determinada sociedade em períodos históricos recuados, apresenta diversas dificuldades devido à falta de documentação escrita que trate de padrões tão comuns a uma coletividade. Tendo em vista as dificuldades do estudo de padrões cotidianos, as pesquisas acerca da alimentação na antiguidade não escapam a essas questões, especialmente no que concerne às fontes tanto epigráficas quanto arqueológicas bem como a uma metodologia de estudo. Deste modo, tendo em vista tanto questões metodológicas quanto documentais, nossa breve apresentação tem como objetivo mostrar como a arqueologia, as fontes epigráficas e escritas têm auxiliado na compreensão dos padrões alimentares egípcios antigos e na relação desse povo com seus alimentos. Apresentaremos as diversas fontes para o estudo dos padrões alimentares dessa população, bem como faremos uma análise dos textos funerários associados à alimentação, mais precisamente os Textos dos Caixões, do Médio Império (2.000-1580 a.C.), bem como a apresentação de fontes arqueológicas que corroboram ou não com os textos, passando por uma breve revisão bibliográfica do tema que se encontra bastante em voga na atualidade.
Assim, trataremos também da questão do excesso de fontes acerca do cotidiano egípcio, o que, na contramão do estudo das culturas da antiguidade, pode também nos induzir ao erro.
Nossa apresentação terá, dessa maneira, o intuito de discutir abordagens metodológicas, bem como as fontes para o estudo da alimentação do período faraônico, colocando, assim, a egiptologia como um campo fértil para o conhecimento dos meios de produção e consumo de alimentos no campo de estudos da história/arqueologia alimentar.
“A arte culinária na Bahia”
Authors: Papavero Claude G. 
Published: January 2020

A presente comunicação visa delinear o contexto sociocultural que deu origem ao conjunto de receitas coligidas por Manuel Querino (1851-1923), publicadas na obra intitulada: A arte culinária na Bahia (1922). Três décadas após a abolição do sistema escravista e a proclamação da República, diversos intelectuais brasileiros, empenhados em valorizar os traços específicos do país, procuraram distanciar-se da herança portuguesa. Ampliaram o conceito de três raças formadoras da nação: indígena, portuguesa e africana, acoplado (na visão de autores como Gilberto Freyre) a uma utópica democracia racial.
Ao apresentar um rol costumeiro de receitas soteropolitanas, Querino, estudioso negro, não limitou seu escopo à divulgação de criações culinárias locais. Comentários acompanhando o detalhamento dos preparos possibilitam ao leitor inferir o intento que orientou o empreendimento: um desejo de afirmar e dignificar o aporte cultural da população negra à modelagem de um cardápio local. Segundo observou Raul Lody (na apresentação de edição recente da obra do autor), Querino “inaugurou um olhar e um estilo em torno de matriz africana, baseado em suas vivências pessoais no Recôncavo baiano...”.
Semelhante contribuição suscita indagações. Em que circunstâncias uma culinária de matriz africana teria surgido na Bahia? Em área rural ou urbana? Nas casas ou nas ruas da cidade (às mãos de vendedoras ambulantes)? E, por conseguinte, quando foi que essas iguarias saborosas e nutritivas, de tempero marcante, elaboradas com ingredientes de custo módico e um uso trabalhoso da pedra de ralar começaram a ser amplamente apreciadas pelo conjunto da população, tornando-se elemento simbólico representativo de uma identidade baiana? Em tempos coloniais? Após a abolição?
Fundamentada na perspectiva da micro-história apresentada por Carlo Ginzburg em Mito, emblemas e sinais (1986; em versão brasileira, publicado pela Companhia das Letras, 1989), pretendo delinear uma reflexão etno-histórica sobre os fenômenos envolvidos e apontar aspectos da história da alimentação baiana que merecem discussão. Comentários rápidos de cronistas, de viajantes ou de autores do período colonial como o poeta Gregório de Matos Guerra e documentos analisados por historiadores como Richard Graham, autor da obra Alimentar a cidade: das vendedoras de rua à reforma liberal (Salvador, 1780 –1860), servirão de indícios para desvendar as peculiaridades do contexto soteropolitano que presidiram à publicação da obra de Manuel Querino.
Reduced-Order Quasilinear Model of Ocean Boundary-Layer Turbulence
Authors: Skitka Joseph , Marston J. B. , Fox-Kemper Baylor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe combined effectiveness of model reduction and the quasilinear approximation for the reproduction of the low-order statistics of oceanic surface boundary layer turbulence is investigated. Idealized horizontally homogeneous problems of surface-forced thermal convection and Langmuir turbulence are studied in detail. Model reduction is achieved with a Galerkin projection of the governing equations onto a subset of modes determined by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). When applied to boundary layers that are horizontally homogeneous, POD and a horizontally averaged quasilinear approximation both assume flow features that are horizontally wavelike, making the pairing very efficient. For less than 0.2% of the modes retained, the reduced quasilinear model is able to reproduce vertical profiles of horizontal mean fields as well as certain energetically important second-order turbulent transport statistics and energies to within 30% error. Reduced-basis quasilinear statistics must approach the full-basis statistics as the basis size approaches completion; however, some quasilinear statistics resemble those found in the fully nonlinear simulations at smaller basis truncations. Thus, model reduction could possibly improve upon the accuracy of quasilinear dynamics.
The severe spontaneous bleeding phenotype in a novel hemophilia A rat model is rescued by platelet FVIII expression
Authors: Shi Qizhen , Mattson Jeremy G. , Fahs Scot A. , Geurts Aron M. , Weiler Hartmut , Montgomery Robert R. 
Published: January 2020

Key Points
A novel HA rat model caused by an inversion exhibits a severe spontaneous bleeding phenotype. The severe spontaneous bleeding phenotype in HA rats is rescued by platelet-targeted FVIII expression.
Comprehensive genomic analysis of the DUF4228 gene family in land plants and expression profiling of ATDUF4228 under abiotic stresses
Authors: Yang Qi , Niu Xiaocui , Tian Xiaona , Zhang Xiujuan , Cong Jingyu , Wang Ruigang , Zhang Guosheng , Li Guojing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Domain of unknown function (DUF) proteins represent a number of gene families that encode functionally uncharacterized proteins in eukaryotes. The DUF4228 gene family is one of these families in plants that has not been described previously.

Results
In this study, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of DUF4228 proteins and determined their phylogeny in the plant lineage. A total of 489 high-confidence DUF4228 family members were identified from 14 land plant species, which sub-divided into three distinct phylogenetic groups: group I, group II and group III. A highly conserved DUF4228 domain and motif distribution existed in each group, implying their functional conservation.
To reveal the possible biological functions of these DUF4228 genes, 25 ATDUF4228 sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana were selected for further analysis of characteristics such as their chromosomal position, gene duplications and gene structures. Ka/Ks analysis identified seven segmental duplication events, while no tandemly duplication gene pairs were found in A. thaliana. Some cis-elements responding to abiotic stress and phytohormones were identified in the upstream sequences of the ATDUF4228 genes. Expression profiling of the ATDUF4228 genes under abiotic stresses (mainly osmotic, salt and cold) and protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that some ATDUF4228 genes are may be involved in the pathways of plant resistance to abiotic stresses.

Conclusion
These results expand our knowledge of the evolution of the DUF4228 gene family in plants and will contribute to the elucidation of the biological functions of DUF4228 genes in the future.
Measurement properties of oral health assessments for non-dental healthcare professionals in older people: a systematic review
Authors: Everaars Babette , Weening-Verbree Linet F. , Jerković-Ćosić Katarina , Schoonmade Linda , Bleijenberg Nienke , de Wit Niek J. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Regular inspection of the oral cavity is required for prevention, early diagnosis and risk reduction of oral- and general health-related problems. Assessments to inspect the oral cavity have been designed for non-dental healthcare professionals, like nurses. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the content and the measurement properties of oral health assessments for use by non-dental healthcare professionals in assessing older peoples’ oral health, in order to provide recommendations for practice, policy, and research.

Methods
A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE.com, and Cinahl (via Ebsco) has been performed. Search terms referring to ‘oral health assessments’, ‘non-dental healthcare professionals’ and ‘older people (60+)’ were used. Two reviewers individually performed title/abstract, and full-text screening for eligibility. The included studies have investigated at least one measurement property (validity/reliability) and were evaluated on their methodological quality using “The Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments” (COSMIN) checklist. The measurement properties were then scored using quality criteria (positive/negative/indeterminate).

Results
Out of 879 hits, 18 studies were included in this review. Five studies showed good methodological quality on at least one measurement property and 14 studies showed poor methodological quality on some of their measurement properties. None of the studies assessed all measurement properties of the COSMIN. In total eight oral health assessments were found: the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG); the Minimum Data Set (MDS), with oral health component; the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT); The Holistic Reliable Oral Assessment Tool (THROAT); Dental Hygiene Registration (DHR); Mucosal Plaque Score (MPS); The Brief Oral Health Screening Examination (BOHSE) and the Oral Assessment Sheet (OAS). Most frequently assessed items were: lips, mucosa membrane, tongue, gums, teeth, denture, saliva, and oral hygiene.

Conclusion
Taken into account the scarce evidence of the proposed assessments, the OHAT and ROAG are most complete in their included oral health items and are of best methodological quality in combination with positive quality criteria on their measurement properties. Non-dental healthcare professionals, policymakers and researchers should be aware of the methodological limitations of the available oral health assessments and realize that the quality of the measurement properties remains uncertain.
“I just keep thinking that I don’t want to rely on people.” a qualitative study of how people living with dementia achieve and maintain independence at home: stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Rapaport Penny , Burton Alexandra , Leverton Monica , Herat-Gunaratne Ruminda , Beresford-Dent Jules , Lord Kathryn , Downs Murna , Boex Sue , Horsley Rossana , Giebel Clarissa , Cooper Claudia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Most people living with dementia want to remain in their own homes, supported by family and paid carers. Care at home often breaks down, necessitating transition to a care home and existing interventions are limited. To inform the development of psychosocial interventions to enable people with dementia to live well for longer at home, we qualitatively explored the views of people living with dementia, family carers and health and social care professionals, on how to achieve and maintain independence at home and what impedes this.

Methods
We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 11 people living with dementia, 19 professionals and 22 family carers in England.

Results
We identified four overarching themes: being in a safe and familiar environment, enabling not disabling care, maintaining relationships and community connectedness, and getting the right support. For people living with dementia, the realities of staying active were complex: there was a tension between accepting support that enabled independence and a feeling that in doing so they were accepting dependency. Their and professionals’ accounts prioritised autonomy and ‘living well with dementia’, while family carers prioritised avoiding harm. Professionals promoted positive risk-taking and facilitating independence, whereas family carers often felt they were left holding this risk.

Discussion
Psychosocial interventions must accommodate tensions between positive risk-taking and avoiding harm, facilitating autonomy and providing support. They should be adaptive and collaborative, combining self-management with flexible support. Compassionate implementation of rights-based dementia care must consider the emotional burden for family carers of supporting someone to live positively with risk.
Mycoplasma penetrans bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient detected by metagenomic sequencing: a case report
Authors: Preiswerk Benjamin , Imkamp Frank , Vorburger Denise , Hömke Rico V. , Keller Peter M. , Wagner Karoline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma sp. are well recognized as etiological agents of respiratory and sexually transmitted disease. Mycoplasma penetrans, a species of Mycoplasma sp., has been frequently detected in HIV-positive patients and associated with the progression of HIV-associated disease. To date, there is only a single case report describing M. penetrans as the causative agent of a severe respiratory tract infection in a HIV-negative patient.

Case presentation
In this report, we describe the case of M. penetrans bacteremia in a HIV-negative, 38-year-old, female, immunocompromised, solid organ transplant patient (combined kidney and pancreas transplantation in 2016), who was admitted to our hospital with anemic uterine bleeding and fever of 38.3 °C. Several hours before her admission at our university hospital, a latex bladder catheter was inserted into her uterus and she complained about fatigue, dizziness and ongoing vaginal bleeding. Laboratory examination showed severe anemia, but microbiological examination was inconspicuous (culture negative vaginal and cervical smears, negative urine culture). Bacterial blood cultures showed a growth signal after 4 h, but microscopic examination with Gram staining and subcultures on different agar media did not identify bacterial pathogens. To identify the bacterial cause of malignancy in the patient, metagenomic sequencing of the blood culture was performed that identified M. penetrans.

Conclusion
Metagenomic sequencing identified M. penetrans in an immunosuppressed patient with culture-negative bacteremia. Clinicians should be aware of the opportunistic potential of M. penetrans that may cause severe infections in certain vulnerable patient populations and the limitations of culture and Gram staining for confirming the presence of fastidious bacterial pathogens like Mycoplasma spp.
Dual effect of the Valsalva maneuver on autonomic nervous system activity, intraocular pressure, Schlemm’s canal, and iridocorneal angle morphology
Authors: Sun Li , Chen Wei , Chen Zhiqi , Xiang Yan , Guo Jingmin , Hu Tian , Xu Qiongfang , Zhang Hong , Wang Junming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is widely used in daily life, and has been reported to cause high intraocular pressure (IOP). This study aimed to assess changes in IOP, the Schlemm’s canal (SC), autonomic nervous system activity, and iridocorneal angle morphology in healthy individuals during different phases of the VM.

Methods
The high frequency (HF) of heart rate (HR) variability, the ratio of low frequency power (LF) and HF (LF/HF), heart rate (HR), IOP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the area of SC (SCAR), pupil diameter (PD), and some iridocorneal angle parameters (AOD500, ARA750, TIA500 and TISA500) were measured in 29 young healthy individuals at baseline, phase 2, and phase 4 of the VM. SBP and DBP were measured to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP). HF and the LF/HF ratio were recorded using Kubios HR variability premium software to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity. The profiles of the anterior chamber were captured by a Spectralis optical coherence tomography device (anterior segment module).

Results
Compared with baseline values, in phase 2 of the VM, HR, LF/HF, IOP (15.1 ± 2.7 vs. 18.8 ± 3.5 mmHg, P < 0.001), SCAR (mean) (7712.112 ± 2992.14 vs. 8921.12 ± 4482.79 μm2, P = 0.039), and PD increased significantly, whereas MOPP, AOD500, TIA500, and TISA500 decreased significantly. In phase 4, DBP, MAP, AOD500, ARA750, TIA500and TISA500 were significantly lower than baseline value, while PD and HF were remarkably larger than baseline. The comparison between phase 2 and phase 4 showed that HR, IOP (18.8 ± 3.5 vs. 14.7 ± 2.9 mmHg, P < 0.001) and PD decreased significantly from phase 2 to phase 4, but there were no significant differences in other parameters.

Conclusions
The expansion and collapse of the SC in different phases of the VM may arise from changes in autonomic nervous system activity. Further, the effects of the VM on IOP may be attributed to changes in blood flow and ocular anatomy.

Trial registration
This observational study was approved by the ethics committee of Tongji Hospital (Registration Number: ChiCTR-OON-16007850, Date: 01.28.2016).