bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Kułak Krzysztof , Wertel Iwona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: We present a case an adolescent female patient with Gender Dysphoria (GD) who was diagnosed with a recurrent ovarian neoplasm - Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor (JGCT).Case presentation: A 17-year-old female patient presented multiple endocrine pathologies and a recurrent JGCT. During the surgery qualification process, the patient admitted to identifying herself as a male. The patient described being uncomfortable with her body and with the expected roles of her assigned gender. Due to that, the patient requested a total hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. As a minor, she required parent permission, which was not granted. The patient underwent several specialist consultations, after which she agreed for unilateral removal of tumor-changed pathologies and additional hormonal, psychological, and psychiatric diagnostics.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of co-occurrence of GD spectrum disorders and JGCT in an adolescent female. This case contains many therapeutic and ethical problems regarding both physical and mental health. It should be noted that adolescents with the GD spectrum rarely develop persistent transsexuality. Modulations from developmental psychology, psychotherapy, family dynamics, hormonal treatment, and the removal of JGCT in the presented case may have potential therapeutic implications for GD.
Antimicrobials in chicken commercial feeds in Vietnam: a three-year longitudinal study before a nationwide ban of growth promoters
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Van , Kiet Bach Tuan , Hien Bo Ve , Truong Bao Dinh , Phu Doan Hoang , Thwaites Guy , Choisy Marc , Carrique-Mas Juan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) are included in commercial animal feed rations in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We measured antimicrobial use (AMU) in commercial feed products consumed by 338 small-scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, before a nation-wide ban on AGPs which is to be introduced over the coming three years. We reviewed the labels of commercial feeds and calculated amounts of antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) given to flocks. We framed these results in the context of overall AMU in chicken production, and highlighted those products that did not comply with Government regulations. ResultsThirty five of 99 different antimicrobial-containing feed products (35.3%) included at least one AAI. Eight different AAIs (avilamycin, bacitracin, chlortetracycline, colistin, enramycin, flavomycin, oxytetracycline, virginamycin) belonging to 5 classes were identified. Brooding feeds contained antimicrobials the most (51.2%), followed by grower (34.6%) and finisher feeds (12.5%). The average amount of AAIs given to flocks per kg of chicken at consumption time was 84.8 (SEM ±9.3mg). Quantitatively, chlortetracycline was consumed most (42.2mg/kg SEM ±0.34; 50.0% of total use), followed by enramycin (18.4mg SEM ±0.03, 21.8%) and bacitracin (16.4mg SEM ±0.20, 19.4%). Antimicrobials in commercial feeds were more commonly given to flocks in the earlier part of the production cycle. A total of 10 (9.3%) products were not compliant with existing Vietnamese regulation (06/2016/TT-BNNPTNT) either because they included a non-authorised AAI (4), had AAIs over the permitted limits (4), or both (2). Conclusions and recommendationSome commercial feed formulations examined included colistin (polymyxin E), a critically important antimicrobial of highest priority for human medicine. A tenth of the formulations examined did not comply with Government regulations. We estimated that consumption of AGPs in feed represented ~10% of total AMU in chicken production. We advocate for restrictions on AMU in chicken production that go beyond phased bans on AGPs. Furthermore, these steps could be bolder and implemented without unnecessary delay. Results from this study should help encourage discussion about policies on AGPs in LMICs.
Outcome of surgical management of hemophilic pseudotumor: Review of 9 Cases from single-center
Authors: Yao Yunfeng , Xue Chenxi , Fang Wang , Niu Jingcai , Kang Pengde , Jing Juehua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Pseudotumours are a rare and serious complication of haemophilia, A slowly growing pseudotumour frequently destroys structures of bone and soft tissues. Surgical resection is the primary method for treatment of proximal pseudotumours. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the operative methods and clinical results of surgical treatment for those rare cases.Methods: We reviewed nine patients with hemophilic pseudotumours, who received surgical resection treatment in our hospital. The age range was 20-51 years. All operations were performed by one group surgeons. The method of operation depends on the origin and the extent of pseudotumor involvement. With the supplementary of recombinant coagulation factor VIII, six cases received complete resection; one received cytoreduction surgery as the pseudotumor closing to iliac vessel and nerve; two cases received complete resection and construction as bone destruction. Factor substitution was maintained for 14 days. Results: In our series, the average intraoperative blood loss volume was 710±35 ml(range ,240-2100ml). Six patients received blood transfusion during perioperative period. All wounds healed smoothly, no infection or chronic sinus formation. There is no iatrogenic vascular nerve injury in our series. Complete follow-up was performed in all patients. Mean follow-up duration was 14.5months (range, 6–26months). One patient with pseudotumor in the thigh had a recurrence of one year after operation, then secondary operation was performed, Conclusions: Surgical resection for haemophilic pseudotumours is an effctive and safe method . The choice of surgical procedure must be individualized according to the localization and the progress of pseudotumor. However, as relatively few cases and shorter follow-up time in our series. The long-term effects of these patients need further follow-up.
Targeted knockdown of Tim3 by short hairpin RNAs improves the function of anti-mesothelin CAR T cells
Authors: Jafarzadeh Leila , Masoumi Elham , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Alishah Khadijeh , Fallah-Mehrjardi Keyvan , Khakpoor-Koosheh Mohammad , Rostamian Hossein , Noorbakhsh Farshid , Hadjati Jamshid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a central role in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell exhaustion within the tumor microenvironment. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted-knockdown of Tim3 on the antitumor function of anti-mesothelin (MSLN)-CAR T cells.Methods: To knockdown Tim3 expression, three different shRNA sequences specific to different segments of the human Tim3 gene were designed and co-inserted with an anti-MSLN-CAR transgene into lentiviral vectors. To investigate the efficacy of Tim3 targeting in T cells, expression of Tim3 was assessed before and after antigen stimulation. Afterwards, cytotoxic effects, proliferative response and cytokine production of MSLN-CAR T cells and Tim3-targeted MSLN-CAR T cells were analyzed. Results: Our results showed that activation of T cells and MSLN-CAR T cells led to up-regulation of Tim3. Tim3 knockdown significantly decreased its expression in different groups of MSLN-CAR T cells. Tim3 knockdown significantly improved cytotoxic function, cytokine production and proliferation capacity of MSLN-CAR T cells. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that targeted knockdown of Tim3 allows tumor-infiltrating CAR T cells that would otherwise be inactivated to continue to expand and carry out effector functions, thereby altering the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunosupportive via mitigated Tim3 signaling.
Prediction Model of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) Cases Shows the Leading Risk Factor of Hypocalcemia
Authors: Hu Chenchan , Su Feifei , Dai Jianyi , Lu Shushu , Wu Lianpeng , Chen Dong , Song Qifa , Zhou Fan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background A striking characteristic of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) is the coexistence of clinically mild and severe cases. A comprehensive analysis of multiple risk factors predicting progression to severity is clinically meaningful. Methods The patients were classified into moderate and severe groups. The univariate regression analysis was used to identify their epidemiological and clinical features related to severity, which were used as possible risk factors and were entered into a forward-stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis to develop a multiple factor prediction model for the severe cases.Results 255 patients (mean age, 49.1±SD 14.6) were included, consisting of 184 (72.2%) moderate cases and 71 (27.8%) severe cases. The common symptoms were dry cough (78.0%), sputum (62.7%), and fever (59.2%). The less common symptoms were fatigue (29.4%), diarrhea (25.9%), and dyspnea (20.8%). The univariate regression analysis determined 23 possible risk factors. The multiple logistic regression identified seven risk factors closely related to the severity of COVID-19, including dyspnea, exposure history in Wuhan, CRP (C-reactive protein), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium, lymphocytes, and age. The probability model for predicting the severe COVID-19 was P=1/1+exp (-1.78+1.02×age+1.62×high-transmission-setting-exposure +1.77×dyspnea+1.54×CRP+1.03×lymphocyte+1.03×AST+1.76×calcium). Dyspnea (OR=5.91) and hypocalcemia (OR=5.79) were the leading risk factors, followed by exposure to a high-transmission setting (OR=5.04), CRP (OR=4.67), AST (OR=2.81), decreased lymphocyte count (OR=2.80), and age (OR=2.78). Conclusions This quantitative prognosis prediction model can provide a theoretical basis for the early formulation of individualized diagnosis and treatment programs and prevention of severe diseases.
Head growth during neonatal intensive care unit stay is related to neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants born small for gestational age
Authors: Cho Hannah , Kim Ee-Kyung , Song In Gyu , Heo Ju Sun , Shin Seung Han , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate postnatal growth patterns and their relationship with neurodevelopment in preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA).Methods: This study analyzed 90 infants born SGA with birth weight <1,500 g or gestational age <32 weeks. Length, weight, and head circumference (HC) were recorded at birth, 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), 40 weeks PMA, and at 4, 9, and 18 months corrected age (CA). Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley-III scales at 18 months CA. Results: Z-score of HC in SGA infants increased from birth to 40 weeks PMA. Failure of head growth catch-up to 10th percentile by 4 months CA and all three parameters by 9 months CA and onwards were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Z-score changes in head growth between birth and 35 weeks PMA were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental outcome (p=0.006, adjusted odds ratio 6.964, 95% confidence interval: 1.763-27.506). Conclusions: Head growth during neonatal intensive care unit stay were associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm SGA infants. Preterm SGA infants are predicted to have optimal neurodevelopment at 18 months CA, if the head growth catch-up is achieved by 4 months CA and length and weight by 9 months CA.
Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective observational study
Authors: Paudel Prajwal , Sunny Avinash K , Gurung Rejina , Gurung Abhishek , Malla Honey , Rana Netra B , KC Nawaraj , KC Ashish , Chaudhary Ram Narayan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background-Every year an estimated 7.9 million babies are born with birth defects. Of these, more than 3 million die and a further 3.2 million suffer from a disability. In order to address this, countries require data to enable better resource allocation for prevention, management and rehabilitation of babies born with birth defects. This paper contributes to this evidence base, assessing the prevalence of birth defects, associated risk factors and health consequences in Nepal. Method-This is a prospective observational study conducted in 12 hospitals in Nepal for 18 months. All the women who delivered in the hospitals during the study period were enrolled. Independent researchers collected social and demographic data using semi-structured questionnaires at the time of discharge. Clinical events and birth outcome information were extracted from clinical case notes. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence and type of birth defect. Logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors and health outcomes of babies born with a birth defect. Results-Among the total 87,242 livebirths, the prevalence of birth defects was found to be 5.8 per 1000 live births. The most common birth defects observed were anencephaly (3.95%), cleft lip (2.77%), cleft lip and palate (6.13%), clubfeet (3.95%), eye abnormalities (3.95%) and meningomyelocele (3.36%). The odds of having a baby with a birth defect was higher for mothers younger than 20 years (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.28) and those from disadvantaged ethnicity (aOR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.46-2.18). The odds of birth asphyxia was almost double for babies with birth defect (aOR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.41-2.51) when compared to babies without a birth defect. The odds of neonatal infection was nearly double for babies with birth defect (aOR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.96) compared to babies without a defect. Babies with a birth defect had three-fold risk of pre-discharge mortality (aOR 3.00; 95% CI, 1.93-4.69). Conclusion- Babies with birth defect have a higher risk of birth asphyxia, neonatal infection and pre-discharge mortality at birth. A portion of birth defect could have been prevented through micro-nutrient supplementation, a portion can be managed through surgery and rehabilitation. Funding-Swedish Research Council (VR)
Atomic-Scale Characterization of Commensurate and Incommensurate Vacancy Superstructures in Natural Pyrrhotites
Authors: Jin Lei , Koulialias Dimitrios , Schnedler Michael , Gehring Andreas U. , Pósfai Mihály , Ebert Philipp , Charilaou Michalis , Schäublin Robin E. , Jia Chun-Lin , Löffler Jörg F. , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPyrrhotites, characterized by the chemical formula Fe1–δS (0 &lt; δ ≤ 1/8), represent an extended group of minerals that are derived from the NiAs-type FeS aristotype. They contain layered arrangements of ordered Fe vacancies, which are at the origin of the various magnetic signals registered from certain natural rocks and can act as efficient electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions in ultrathin form. Despite extensive studies over the past century, the local structural details of pyrrhotite superstructures formed by different arrangements of Fe vacancies remain unclear, in particular at the atomic scale. Here, atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field imaging and nanobeam electron diffraction in the scanning transmission electron microscope are used to study natural pyrrhotite samples that contain commensurate 4C and incommensurate 4.91 ± 0.02C constituents. Local measurements of both the intensities and the picometer-scale shifts of individual Fe atomic columns are shown to be consistent with a model for the structure of 4C pyrrhotite, which was derived using X-ray diffraction by Tokonami et al. (1972). In 4.91 ± 0.02C pyrrhotite, 5C-like unequally sized nano-regions are found to join at anti-phase-like boundaries, leading to the incommensurability observed in the present pyrrhotite sample. This conclusion is supported by computer simulations. The local magnetic properties of each phase are inferred from the measurements. A discussion of perspectives for the quantitative counting of Fe vacancies at the atomic scale is presented.
Assessing the runoff retention of extensive green roofs using runoff coefficients and curve numbers and the impacts of substrate moisture
Authors: Liu Wen , Feng Qi , Chen Weiping , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, rainfall-runoff data of four green roofs with varying structural configurations under dry and wet substrates were analyzed to acquire the effective estimation for Runoff Coefficient (Cv) and Curve Number (CN) parameters. Results showed that for the dry and wet substrates, averaged runoff retention of vegetated green roofs varied from 34.7 to 48.5% and from 14.7 to 30.6%, that for bare green roofs was 64.9 and 35.1%, respectively. For dry and wet substrates, mean Cv of vegetated green roofs was 0.58 and 0.75, respectively. For vegetated green roofs under the wet substrate, average CN values ranged from 96 to 98, meanwhile for dry substrate, average CN varied from 93 to 97. For bare green roof, average CN was 93 for dry substrate and 97 for wet substrate. Predicted runoff using the SCS-CN method exhibited a good linear fit with the observed runoff of green roofs. A significantly positive relationship was found between initial substrate moisture and runoff coefficient as well as CNs. The drier initial substrate moisture conditions corresponded to the lower runoff coefficient and curve numbers. These results would facilitate the proper use of estimated Cv and CN values of green roofs for urban stormwater management in a semi-arid region.
A cellular automata modelling approach in household water use
Authors: Abdalbaki Salsabil M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the strength of simulation techniques in water conservation by employing a cellular automata (CA) modelling framework. The CA-based model allows the examination of various scenarios with different hypotheses in the context of water resources management in Egypt. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is applied to test the robustness of the model's results. The empirical results show that both social media posts as well as the fear of building the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia play a motivational role to encourage the individuals to conserve water in Egypt. This is supported by the effort of the most effective and influential categories (family, friends, and relatives, according to the results of the current study) because they are identified as the major influencers on the surrounding people in their social networks. For the results of sensitivity analysis, there is no significant difference between the results of implementing the model and the results of sensitivity analysis.
Implications of storage state behaviour of village tanks in adaptation to climate change, Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. T. N. , Wijayaratna T. M. N. , Jayatillake H. M. , Priyadarshana Tilak , Manatunge J. M. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Following Decision 1/CP.21 of the Conference of the Parties, Sri Lanka has identified Nationally Determined Contributions for adaptation to climate change. Restoration and rehabilitation of all abandoned tanks is one such contribution in the irrigation sector. The country has around 13,600 working village tanks of ancient origin. These restored tanks provide irrigation and other water needs at different degrees while a large number of tanks remain abandoned. However, regional storage behaviour of the restored tanks is not adequately understood due to the non-existence of a methodology for storage data collection and assessment. The study presents a statistical approach to assess regional storage behaviour of the tanks with data collected using five storage states method. The storage data of 573 working village tanks in southern Sri Lanka covering three years were analyzed, and revealed a high temporal variation of storage behaviour and low resilience to recover from either dryness or failure for providing irrigation water issues. However, higher time-reliability of water-existence below sluice sill level indicates their potential for providing social and environmental needs. Such assessments facilitate identifying real-time management measures and reviewing policy on restoration of similar reservoirs as an adaptation option for climate change in any region.
Removal of natural organic matter from aqueous solutions using electrocoagulation pulsed current: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: de Oliveira André Gadelha , Ribeiro Jefferson Pereira , Neto Eliezer Fares Abdala , de Lima Ari Clecius Alves , Amazonas Álvaro Amanajás , da Silva Luiz Thiago Vasconcelos , do Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of the pulsed current can be an alternative to decrease the electrode polarization, as well as achieving lower energy consumption. This study investigated the electrocoagulation through pulsed current for the removal of natural organic matter from water. The experiments were carried out using Box–Behnken factorial design with the response surface methodology for the design of experiments, modeling and interpreting of the results. The electrocoagulation cell consisted of an acrylic reactor with 4 L capacity with four electrodes of aluminum, in parallel connection mode. The experimental independent variables studied were: current density (5.5 to 44.5 A m−2), electrodes spacing (2 to 7.6 mm), stirring rate (200 to 1,000 rpm), frequency (500 to 5,000 Hz), humic acid concentration (5 to 20 mg L−1) and NaCl (100 to 300 mg L−1) as supporting electrolyte, evaluating the residual apparent color (RAC) and electric energy consumption (EEC). The pH of the solution increased during the experiments, reaching basic values. The response surface regression procedure was employed to fit the second-order polynomial, and the model fitted well to the obtained values, reaching R2 0.9995 (RAC) and R2 0.9989 (EEC). The lowest RAC was 11.8 Hazen units (96.2% color removal), where the EEC was 0.393 kWh m−3.
Method development for evaluating the effectiveness of hydrocarbons on BOD, UBOD and COD removal in oily wastewater
Authors: Almutairi Meshari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effects of different operating parameters on the treatment efficiency of oily wastewater in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. The analyses of BOD using OxiTop biosensors are reviewed regarding performance characteristics like linearity, response time, precision, agreement between BOD28 values obtained from the biosensors and the ultimate BOD (UBOD), as well as toxic resistance and COD. The wastewater samples were seeded with the bacteria, which were isolated in the current study from Kuwaiti oil-contaminated sand, such as Bacillus mycoidesis and Bacillus subtilis. After 18 days, the margin for saponin solution and oily wastewater using either Rhododcoccus (R), a mixture of Bacillus mycoidesis and Bacillus subtilis (M) or a mixture of R&M exhibited the maximum rate of BOD. It was found that the corresponding COD of the saponin solution (SS) ranged from 1,525 mg/l to 3,890 mg/l by distilled water and the mixture (RM), respectively. The COD of oily wastewater (WW) ranged from 2,900 mg/l to 4,450 mg/l by distilled water and the mixture of (RM), respectively. Moreover, the higher values of BOD28 were recorded when mixtures of bacteria were added together with the saponin solution or oily wastewaters. Furthermore, the average values of UBOD for the oily wastewater with RM or with amendment substance were increased by about 33.5% and 49.5%, respectively. However, BOD28/COD ratios for all the selected have been found to be less than 0.4, indicating low aerobic degradability.