bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish Species Identification by Agarose Gel Isoelectric Focusing: Collaborative Study
Authors: Lundstrom Ronald C ,   Collaborators:, Annand M C , Barmore C R , Braddon S A , Caffrey B , Krzynowek J , Laird W , LaTerza A F , Lin T , Little B W , Mackie I M , Moodie I M , Morrison R , Odense P H , Leary G P O’ , Stiles S , Tuhkunen B E , Wiggin K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for fish species identification by agarose gel isoelectric focusing was collaboratively studied to determine if unknown samples could be identified by comparison of the unknown protein pattern with a photograph of protein patterns from authentic species. Fourteen collaborators were sent 19 or 20 unknown samples along with supplies and instructions for making pH 2.5-9.0 agarose isoelectric focusing gels. The unknown sarcoplasmic protein patterns were identified by comparison with a supplied 8 X 10 in. photograph of protein patterns from 18 authentic species. The 14 collaborators identified a total of 276 unknown samples with 84% accuracy. Eight of 14 collaborators averaged 90% or more correct. Two collaborators averaged 80-85% correct, while the remaining 4 collaborators averaged 50-69% correct. No one species was consistently misidentified; however, the method is not recommended for adoption in its present form.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Nine Anthelmintics
Authors: Owen John T R , Hashim Badruddin M , Underwood Frank A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
X-ray powder diffraction data for identifying 9 anthelmintics have been obtained by dif fractometer and Debye-Scherrer camera techniques. The data are tabulated in terms of the lattice spacings and the relative intensities of the lines. Patterns using 3 different X-ray wavelengths with the camera method are compared with each other and with the dif fractometer patterns.
Automated Determination of Crude Protein, Phosphorus, Calcium, Iron, and Magnesium in Feeds by Using Stopped-Flow Analyzer
Authors: Koupparis Michael A , Diamandis Eleftherios P , Malmstadt Howard V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Methods are described for determination of crude protein, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and magnesium in feeds, using an automated microprocessor-based stopped-flow analyzer. Crude protein is determined by a reaction-rate procedure based on the ammonia- sodium phenate-hypochloride Berthelot reaction. Phosphorus determination is based on a phosphomolybdenum blue reaction-rate method. o-Cresolphthalein complexone, ferrozine, and calmagite are used as colorimetric reagents for calcium, iron, and magnesium, respectively. The methods are precise with relative standard deviations less than 1%, rapid with analysis rates of 110-266 samples per hour, sensitive, and require less than 1 mL sample and reagent volumes. Results for feed samples are comparable with those obtained by official AOAC methods.
Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sulfathiazole Residues in Honey
Authors: Barry Carla P , Maceachern Graham M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sulfathiazole residues were extracted from honey by homogenizing samples in acetone, filtering, and then evaporating the acetone under nitrogen at 40°C. The remaining extract was transferred to a separatory funnel with IN HC1 and ethyl ether. An aliquot of the retained acid layer was screened by using the Bratton-Marshall reaction. If the test was positive, the remaining portion was analyzed directly through a μBondapak phenyl column monitored by a UV detector at 254 nm. The mobile phase was potassium phosphate monobasic in 10% acetonitrile adjusted to pH 3.0. Time for elution was 13 min. Average recoveries were 78% at the 0.1 ppm spiking level and 68% at the 1.0 ppm level. The minimum detectable amount was 0.06 ppm based on a spiked sample extract.
Assessment of Methods to Determine PCB Levels in Blood Serum: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Burse Virlyn W , Needham Larry L , Korver Margaret P , Lapeza Chester R , Liddle John A , Bayse David D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twenty-five laboratories participated in a study to determine the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 3 bovine serum pools, referred to as trial environmental pools (TEPs). TEPs 2 and 3 contained, respectively, low (9.97 ppb) and high (49.64 ppb) levels of PCBs (as in vivo-bound Aroclor 1254) and the same level of 9 commonly occurring chlorinated hydrocarbons. TEP 1 contained only naturally occurring levels of these analytes. Laboratories analyzed each sample in duplicate by the method used in their laboratory for measuring PCBs in blood serum. The coefficients of variation (CV) for the 12 laboratories reporting quantitative data and the required number of analyses for TEP 2 and TEP 3 were 37.0 and 30.7%, respectively. The mean recoveries for these 12 laboratories were 239.3 and 165.4% for TEP 2 and TEP 3, respectively. Three laboratories reported data with mean values for TEP 2 and TEP 3 within ± 3 standard deviations of the CDC characterized mean. Their coefficients of variation were 12.4 and 18.8% for TEP 2 and TEP 3, respectively. The mean recoveries for these 3 laboratories were 150.7 and 98.4% for TEP 2 and TEP 3, respectively. Our most significant observations were the laboratories’ failure to separate PCBs from DDTs and the excessive background of the reagent blanks. The widely discrepant results indicate a definite need to standardize methodology for this analysis.
Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Patulin, Citrinin, and Af latoxin in Apples and Pears, and Their Juices and Jams
Authors: Gimeno Alberto , Martins Maria Ligia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described to determine the mycotoxins patulin, citrinin, and aflatoxins in apples and pears and their juices and jams. The mycotoxins are extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% aqueous KG (9 +1). The extract is cleaned up with water and then acidified, and the toxins are recovered with chloroform and separated by thin layer chromatography. Toxin identity is confirmed with various developing solvents, spray reagents, and chemical reactions, and then quantitated by the limit of detection method. The minimum detectable concentrations of the mycotoxins are patulin, 120-130 μg/kg; citrinin, 30-40 μg/kg; aflatoxin B1 or G1 , 2-2.8 μg/kg; af latoxin B2 or G2,2 μg/kg.
Survey of Vomitoxin Contamination of 1980 Ontario White Winter Wheat Crop: Results of Survey and Feeding Trials1
Authors: Trenholm H Locksley , Cochrane William P , Cohen Huguette , Elliot James I , Farnworth Edward R , Friend Douglas W , Hamilton Robert M G , Standish James F , Thompson Brian K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During the harvesting of the 1980 Ontario white winter wheat crop, producers noticed pink discoloration on kernels; this was attributed to Fusarium mold. Grain elevator and boatload samples were analyzed for mycotoxin contamination. Vomitoxin levels up to 8 ppm were detected in samples from southwestern Ontario. Other suspected mycotoxins were either nondetectable or present in trace amounts. Fusarium-contaminated wheat and clean wheat were added to swine and poultry diets for feeding trials. Feed refusal and decreased weight gains were observed in pigs fed diets containing 0.3 and 0.7 ppm vomitoxin, but there was no vomiting or other ill effects. Adult roosters and laying hens fed diets containing vomitoxin levels similar to those of the pig diets did not show any overt toxicological effects. Chemical analysis of suspected field cases of vomitoxin-contaminated feed did not reveal high vomitoxin levels.
International Mycotoxin Check Sample Survey Program. Part III. Report on Performance of Participating Laboratories for Determining Ochratoxin A in Animal Feed
Authors: Friesen Marlin D , Garren Liliane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sample of animal feed made from barley, naturally contaminated at about 1000 μg ochratoxin A/kg, was analyzed by 44 laboratories in 24 countries. The AOAC method for determining ochratoxin A in barley was used by 27 (61%) of the participating laboratories. Results from laboratories using this method were grouped around 2 maxima: one below 100 μg/kg and a second near 940 μg/kg, the median concentration for results reported by all 44 participating laboratories. Results from laboratories using methods other than the AOAC method were more widely distributed with no apparent maximum near 1000 μg/kg.
Spectrofluorometric Determination of Pindolol and Its Dosage Form
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed E , Tawakkol Mostafa S , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new direct, simple, and sensitive spectrofluorometric method is described for the assay of pindolol and its tablets at room temperature, using ethanol (96% v/v) as solvent. The drug exhibits intrinsic fluorescence. Working wavelengths are 263 nm for excitation and 305 nm for emission. The calibration curve is linear in the range 1.0 × 10-7 to 1.5 × 10-6M pindolol.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Toxins Associated with Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Authors: Sullivan John J , Iwaoka Wayne T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure is described for assay of toxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The method is applicable to saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, gonyautoxins I through IV, and their sulfocarbamoyl derivatives. Toxins are separated on a bonded phase cyano column and detected by fluorescence following alkaline oxidation (NHNH4+ and periodic acid). The utility of the HPLC procedure for research and monitoring is discussed.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Diflubenzuron and Its Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Rossum Bram Van , Martijn Albertus , Reijke Albert A De , Zeeman Jakob ,   Collaborators:, Åkerblom M , Bosshardt H P , Bushway R J , Damme J C van , Darskus R , Kolleman J , Pavel K , Pilar-Hitos M , Pouwelse A , Sãnchez-Rasero F , Stewart T , Suter R , Tengler H , Winsauer K , Wisson M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Diflubenzuron 90% pre-concentrate and its 25% water-dispersible powder were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatographic method. Six samples were extracted with 1,4-dioxane, linuron was added as internal standard, and diflubenzuron was separated on a 25 cm × 4.6 mm column packed with Zorbax BP-C8 with acetonitrile-water-l,4-dioxane (450 + 450 + 100) at 1.3 mL/min and monitored at 254 nm. Results were obtained from 17 laboratories. Within-laboratory repeatability was 0.6% for both the pre-concentrate and the water-dispersible powder samples and the reproducibility was 1.2%. The method has been adopted as a full CIPAC method and was adopted official first action by AOAC.
Effect of Citric Acid on Inhibition of Chlortetracycline Activity by Magnesium Ions
Authors: Burgess Tamara , Chiang Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of chlortetracycline (CTC) can be inhibited by magnesium ions; thus the result of CTC turbidimetric assay may be lower than guarantee if large amounts of magnesium ions are present in the feed extract. Under controlled conditions, citric acid can be used to chelate the excess magnesium ions without affecting cell growth or CTC activity, thereby eliminating the magnesium interference.
Rate Nephelometric Measurement of Wheat Germ in Pasta Products
Authors: Bracciali Alberto , Cantagalli Piero , Antoni Guido , Tarli Paolo , Neri Paolo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An immunoassay for the rate nephelometric determination of wheat germ added to pasta products has been developed using a specific wheat germ antiserum. The method can be used to analyze germ from either soft or hard wheat. Specially prepared pasta products and commercial preparations were analyzed with the immunonephelometric method, in comparison with the radial immunodiffusion technique; good correlation was found between the results of the 2 assay.
Determination of Organic Phosphate Triesters in Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: LeBel Guy L , Williams David T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method of analysis has been developed for the determination of organic phosphate triesters in human adipose fat at low ng/g levels. After fat extraction from the tissue with benzene (or acetone-hexane, 15 + 85, v/v), phosphates were fractionated from fat by gel permeation chromatography with methylene chloride-cyclohexane (5 + 95, v/v) as solvent. After Florisil column cleanup, the GPC extract was analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus selective detector. Recoveries at the 2.5,10, and 25 ng/g levels were greater than 75% except for tri(2,4-xylenyl) phosphate (ca (57c). Of 16 human adipose tissue samples analyzed, 5 contained tris(l,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate in the range of 0.5 to 110 ng/g, 4 contained tributoxyethyl phosphate in the range of 4.0 to 26.8 ng/g, and one contained tributyl phosphate at 9.0 ng/g.
Interlaboratory Study on Determination of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Fish
Authors: Ryan John J , Pilon Jean C , Conacher Henry B S , Firestone David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory round robin study was carried out to estimate the reliability of data on 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in fish. Using different methods, 13 laboratories (4 Canadian, 9 American) agreed to analyze 4 fish samples; 3 were Great Lakes salmonids containing bio-incurred levels of TCDD below 100 ppt and the fourth was an ocean fish fillet containing no measurable TCDD. Samples were sent as freeze-dried portions as it was shown that no change of TCDD occurred by this sample preparation. Results were normalized between laboratories by supplying each with an aliquot of the same 2,3,7,8-TCDD standard. Eight laboratories reported a set of results of which one set was rejected. Values from the 7 remaining laboratories for the 3 positive fish showed mean concentrations in pg/g (ppt) and (CV, %) of 61.2 (13.9), 30.4 (18.4), and 32.3 (25.4). Detection limits averaged 3.6 ppt and ranged between 1 and 10 ppt. No significant differences appeared in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in fish samples from methods differing in the use of: (i) digestion or extraction techniques, (ii) high or low resolution mass spectrometry, and (iii) isomer specific or nonspecific separations. Overall recovery values using internal standards varied greatly (29-109%) even within the same laboratory and pointed to the need to use an internal standard to obtain precise results. Agreement among laboratories was good considering the level quantitated (ppt) and the diverse methodology.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Benzoic Acid and Sorbic Acid in Foods: NMKL1 Collaborative Study
Authors: Larsson Bonny K ,   Collaborators:, Askeland M , Bergstrøm-Nilsen M , Dahle H K , Halen B , Hasselrot I-L , Kiutamo T , Odklev K-Å , Pääbo K , Rajama J , Willumsen D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods was collaboratively studied by 8 laboratories. Benzoic and sorbic acids are isolated from food by successive extractions with ether, sodium hydroxide, and methylene chloride, converted to trimethylsilyl (TMS) esters, and determined by gasliquid chromatography. Phenylacetic acid and caproic acid are used as internal standards for benzoic acid and sorbic acid, respectively. Seven samples were collaboratively studied: almond paste, fish homogenate, and apple juice with benzoic and sorbic acid levels from 0.04 to 2 g/kg. Average recoveries {%) for benzoic and sorbic acids were as follows: almond paste, 99.6 and 101.2; fish homogenate, 99.2 and 97.4; and apple juice 98.2 and 106.6. The reproducibility coefficients of variation (%) for benzoic and sorbic acids at 0.5-2 g/kg levels were 3.5-6.1 and 5.2-9.0; and at the 0.04 g/kg level, 14.7 and 23.3, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action at 0.5-2 g/kg levels.
Simultaneous Determination of Folpet, Piperonyl Butoxide, and Pyrethrins in Aerosol Formulations by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Perez Rafael L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the simultaneous determination of folpet, piperonyl butoxide, and pyrethrins in aerosol pesticide formulations. The aerosol propellants are removed from the can and the remaining components are determined by HPLC, using an U1-trasphere 5 μm ODS reverse phase column and a UV detector at 254 nm. Recoveries for the 3 components are greater than 98%.
Analysis of Pesticide Residues by Chemical Derivatization. VII. Chromatographic Properties of Pentafluorobenzyl Ether Derivatives of Thirty-two Phenols1
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Chau Alfred S Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure is described for the identification of 32 substituted phenols including all 19 chlorophenols and the 11 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency consent decree phenols. This method involves a simple and reproducible derivatization step which forms stable phenol PFB ethers for which the electron capture detector is highly sensitive. GLC retention time data of the derivatives on 6 packed and fused silica capillary columns (FSCC) are reported. The detection limits of all chloro-, alkyl- and mono-nitrophenols studied are between 0.5 and 5 pg injected for an FSCC. The high resolution of these capillary columns makes this method isomer-specific. The derivatization procedure also eliminates the sensitivity, tailing, and resolution problems commonly encountered in other gas chromatographic methods on underivatized phenols.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of T-2 Toxin in Plasma
Authors: Swanson Steven P , Ramaswamy Venkatachalam , Beasley Val R , Buck William B , Burmeister Harold H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of T-2 toxin in plasma is described. The toxin is extracted with benzene, washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and chromatographed on a small Florisil column; the heptafluorobutyryl derivative is prepared by reaction with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole. The T-2 HFB derivative is chromatographed onOV-1 at 230°C and measured with an electron capture detector. Iso-T-2, an isomer of T-2 toxin, is added to samples as an internal standard before extraction. Recoveries averaged 98.0 ± 5.5% at levels ranging from 50 to 1000 ng/m L. The limit of detection is 25 ng/mL.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Dietary Fiber: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Varo Perth , Laine Raili , Koivistoinen Pekka ,   Participants:, Asp N-G , Menger A , Reimann S , Robertson J B , Schweizer T F , Selvendran R R , Siljestrom M , Southgate D A T , Theander O , Soest P J Van , Westerlund E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effects of thermal treatments on the dietary fiber composition of cereal and potato samples were studied at 8 laboratories using different analytical methods. Thermal treatments included extrusion cooking for cereals, and boiling and frying for potatoes. No changes in the amounts of dietary fiber or starch were observed in the extruded samples. Heat-treated potato samples contained significantly more water-insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose) and less starch than did raw potato. However, this may be due, at least in part, to the sample preparation procedure rather than the heat treatment alone. The study indicates that gravimetric and sequential hydrolysis methods give similar results, but the variation in most cases is still wide. Further standardization of methods is evidently needed, especially if legislative measures for setting limits on the fiber content of foods are to be introduced. Standardization of starch analysis should also be of primary importance in future work on carbohydrate methodology. This can be concluded from the variation in results concerning this extremely important food constituent. It should be noted that the sample matrix in the present study was simpler than that of complex meals or diets.
Titrimetric Determination of Calcium in Mechanically Separated Poultry and Beef: Collaborative Study
Authors: Corrao Paul A , Malanoski Anthony J , Curry Kevin A , Glover Angeline ,   Collaborators:, Covington R , Deban N , Gallagher D , Mendez R Rivera , Scheib C A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on a titrimetric EDTA method for the determination of calcium in mechanically separated poultry and beef tissue. Six laboratories analyzed, as blind duplicates, 5 poultry samples and 5 beef samples. Calcium concentrations covered the levels from 0.04 to 0.82%. Pooled standard deviations were 0.0165 for repeatability, 0.0072 for bias, and 0.0225 for reproducibility. The method has been adopted official first action.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Brodifacoum in Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Bland Peter D ,   Collaborators:, Freedlander R , Gentry M , Hindle R , Hodgins E , Parker R , Plunkett R , Pracht L , Sergeant D , Wood G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of brodifacoum in technical and formulated material by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples of technical or formulation are dissolved in a solution of 1,3,5-triphenyl benzene in dichloromethane and methanol. The solution is injected into an HPLC system fitted with 25 cm Zorbax ODS column and an ultraviolet detector. The solution is eluted with a mixture of methanol, water, and acetic acid. Quantitative data are obtained by comparing peak areas of the compound and triphenyl benzene with those obtained by injecting a standard solution. Bait formulations are extracted into dichloromethane-formic acid, filtered, and concentrated by evaporation before chromatography. Nine collaborators made replicate determinations on 4 samples including technical material, a 0.1% powder, a 0.25% liquid, and a 0.005% pelleted bait formulation. They also carried out a recovery experiment on the bait product. Coefficient of variation (%) were 1.21 on the technical product, 13.49 on the powder, 2.40 on the liquid, and 11.06 on the bait. Insufficient data were generated to adequately quantitate the recovery factor. The method has been adopted official first action for the analysis of technical material, liquid, and bait formulations.
Retention Time Data for Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Organonitrogen Pesticides on SE-30 Capillary Column and Application of Capillary Gas Chromatography to Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Ripley Brian D , Braun Heinz E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Relative retention time data for 194 pesticides and metabolites are reported for a 15 m SE-30 capillary gas chromatographic column under a single temperature programmed regime. The reproducibility of retention time and quantitation is discussed and the performance of electron capture and nitrogenphosphorus thermionic detectors is evaluated in relation to pesticide residue analysis.
Proof Determination of Liqueurs and Alcoholic Dairy Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Strunk Duane H , Timmel Bertha M , Rapp Frances L , Aicken John C ,   Collaborators:, Andreoli R J , Cherolis J , Daggs W D , Mark F G , O’Bryan W C , Perrault A W , Rapp F L , Steinke R D , Timmel B M , Thurman W A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for determining the ethanol concentration of liqueur-type products containing dissolved solids. The sample is distilled in an allglass still equipped with spherical joints; the proof of the distillate, diluted to known volume, is measured by a Mettler/Paar density meter. Ten collaborators determined proof of 6 different synthetic liqueurs containing ethanol-water-sugar mixtures and 2 alcoholic dairy products. Proof of the samples varied from 33 to 92°. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation for this method varied from 0.069 to 0.278 and from 0.20° to 0.36°, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action.