bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting 12th‐grade students' physics achievement
Authors: Taslidere Erdal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to determine and predict 12th‐grade students' physics achievement in terms of some selected cognitive, physics‐related effective, personal, and socioeconomic characteristics in Turkey. Four hundred and ninety‐six students (273 female and 223 male) from 18 high schools formed the study group. Findings indicated that cognitive characteristics including science achievement and physics course grades explained the largest amount of variance (60.6%) in the achievement by itself. Physics interest and physics motivation as well as gender and perception of teacher‐directed activities also explained a small amount of variance in student achievement. Although none of the socioeconomic characteristic variables were found to be significant, the entire model accounted for 64% of the variance in physics achievement.
Ecosystem‐based adaptation to climate change: Lessons learned from a pioneering project spanning Mauritania, Nepal, the Seychelles, and China
Authors: Mills Anthony J. , Tan Diwen , Manji Atifa K. , Vijitpan Tatirose , Henriette Elvina , Murugaiyan Pugazhendhi , Pantha Ram H. , Lafdal Mohamed Y. , Soule Ahmedou , Cazzetta Silvia , Bégat Pierre , Vlieghe Kelly E. P. , Lavirotte Lucy , Kok Johannes T. , Lister James 
Published: July 2020

Societal Impact StatementEcosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) is increasingly being used to reduce the impacts of climate change on vulnerable people and landscapes. The international EbA South project implemented EbA interventions across three countries (Mauritania, Nepal, the Seychelles), piloting the restoration of mountain, desert and coastal ecosystems to enhance the climate resilience of local communities. The experiences of the EbA South project across these distinct ecosystems and socio‐economic environments provide unique insights into the adaptive management invariably required within EbA initiatives. This analysis also provides lessons on how to share knowledge among different stakeholders and countries to advance South‐South cooperation.SummaryClimate change is having an increasingly negative impact on the world's most vulnerable societies. Ecosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) uses biodiversity and ecosystem services to help local communities adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. This approach, which has the potential to be implemented across a wide range of ecosystem types and scales, is increasingly being adopted by governments and international donors within climate change adaptation initiatives. The objective of the EbA South project was to enhance the climate resilience of communities in Mauritania, Nepal, and the Seychelles by building institutional capacity, mobilizing knowledge and transferring EbA technologies based on China's experience in successfully implementing restoration. The project implemented EbA interventions in the drylands of Mauritania, Himalayan forests in Nepal, and the coastal zone of the Seychelles. All interventions were carefully monitored by researchers to generate scientific evidence of the impacts of EbA. Here, we provide implementers of EbA with the major lessons learned from the EbA South project, namely: (a) quantifying the full suite of ecosystem goods and services generated through EbA at a landscape scale; (b) budgeting in advance for management of time‐consuming complexities related to socioeconomics and ecology such as land‐use conflict, ineffective government structures, disagreements regarding intervention options, and challenging environmental conditions; (c) undertaking long‐term research for adaptive management and documenting the project's successes; (d) providing platforms for effective communication and collaboration among stakeholders with different first languages; and (e) regularly adjusting exit strategies for maintenance of the EbA landscapes after closure of the project.
Contrasting effects of commercial and native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants on plant biomass allocation, nutrients, and phenolics
Authors: Frew Adam 
Published: July 2020

Societal Impact StatementAs the global population increases, the need to feed more people must be met while simultaneously conserving the long‐term sustainability of our agroecosystems. There is mounting interest and discussion around the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculants to enhance crop growth, nutrient uptake, and pest resistance. However, the effects of AMF inoculation are variable and context dependent. This study found that a multi‐species AMF inoculant had a stronger effect on plant biomass allocation and chemistry than a single AMF species inoculant, however, neither of these had a stronger effect than re‐inoculating plants with a field‐sourced native AMF community.
Combinational Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy Using a Gold Nanorod Platform for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shukla Nutan , Singh Baljinder , Kim Ho‐Joong , Park Myoung‐Hwan , Kim Kibeom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultimodal approaches combined with various nanomaterials and advanced techniques have been developed for synergistic cancer treatment. Among various therapies, conventional chemotherapy (CHT) is a direct cancer treatment that can produce unintended side effects due to nonspecific action on both the tumor and normal cells; patient‐friendly photothermal therapy (PTT) may be able to treat embedded tumors in vital regions with minimal invasion but does not guarantee complete removal of cancers. However, the combination of CHT‐PTT may provide a promising tool for direct cancer treatment with minimal side effects. In this regard, nanostructured materials, such as gold nanorods with tuned size and surface characteristics, are key components designed to enhance the heating capacity and active or passive delivery of drugs to the tumor site. In this review, the pioneering work synergizing CHT and PTT is summarized, and the current state‐of‐the‐art in the development of inorganic and organic nanocomposites for combinational therapy is described.
Regional differences in gene regulation may underlie patterns of sensitivity to novel insecticides in Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Dively Galen P , Crossley Michael S , Schoville Sean D , Steinhauer Nathalie , Hawthorne David J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgricultural insect pests frequently exhibit geographic variation in levels of insecticide resistance, which are often presumed to be due to the intensity of insecticide use for pest management. However, regional differences in the evolution of resistance to novel insecticides suggests that other factors are influencing rates of adaptation. We examined median lethal concentration (LC50) bioassay data spanning 15 years and six insecticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, spinosad, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and metaflumizone) for evidence of regional differences in Leptinotarsa decemlineata baseline sensitivity to insecticides as they became commercially available.RESULTSWe consistently found that larvae from Colorado potato beetle populations from the northwestern USA had the highest baseline sensitivity to novel insecticides, while populations from the eastern USA had the lowest. Comparisons of gene expression between populations from these regions revealed constitutively elevated expression of an array of detoxification genes in the East, but no evidence of additional induction when exposed to imidacloprid.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest a mechanism for geographic variation in rates of adaptation to insecticides, whereby baseline levels of gene expression determine a population's response to novel insecticides. These findings have implications for the regional development of insecticide resistance management strategies and for the fundamental question of what determines the rate of adaptation to insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
In situ synthesis of a novel metal oxide affinity chromatography affinity probe for the selective enrichment of low‐abundance phosphopeptides
Authors: Wang Baichun , Wu Huanming , Yan Yinghua , Tang Keqi , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: July 2020

RationaleDue to the dynamic nature of phosphorylation states and the low stoichiometry of phosphopeptides, it is still a challenge to efficiently capture phosphopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis. Among the enrichment strategies, metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) is one of the most widely used and the one with the most potential. It is based on reversible Lewis acid–base interactions between the metal oxides and the negatively charged phosphate groups to achieve the specific selection of phosphopeptides.MethodsA novel MOAC affinity probe, denoted as G@PDA@ZrO2, was successfully synthesized by in situ grafting ZrO2 onto the surface of graphene (G) modified with polydopamine (PDA). The novel MOAC probe thus obtained was used for phosphopeptide enrichment.ResultsThis novel MOAC affinity probe when used to selectively enrich phosphopeptides from standard protein digest solutions exhibited a high selectivity (β‐casein:bovine serum albumin = 1:1000), a low detection limit (4 fmol), and a high loading capacity (400 mg/g). At the same time, the experimental results proved that G@PDA@ZrO2 had great recyclability (five cycles), stability, and reproducibility. Subsequently, G@PDA@ZrO2 was applied to enrich phosphopeptides from human saliva and human serum, in which 25 and 4 phosphopeptide peaks, respectively, were detected.ConclusionsThis novel MOAC affinity probe (G@PDA@ZrO2) showed good performance in enriching phosphopeptides. Thus, G@PDA@ZrO2 has good potential in phosphopeptidomics analysis.
Ex vivo-expanded autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells ensure enhanced fat graft retention in breast augmentation: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kølle Stig-Frederik T. , Duscher Dominik , Taudorf Mikkel , Fischer-Nielsen Anne , Svalgaard Jesper D. , Munthe-Fog Lea , Jønsson Bo , Selvig Peter B. , Mamsen Frederik P. , Katz Adam J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Autologous fat grafting and implant surgery are used for volume restoration in plastic surgery. With the aim of producing a treatment superior to current solutions, we report a randomized, controlled, data assessor-blinded clinical trial comparing fat grafts enriched with ex vivo-expanded autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) to nonenriched fat grafts in breast augmentation. The intervention group received ASC-enriched fat grafts (≥20 × 106 viable ex vivo-expanded ASCs per milliliter fat), and the control group received conventional nonenriched fat grafts. Volume retention was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical photographs were taken simultaneously for outcome evaluation. ASC-enriched fat grafts had significantly higher retention rates (mean = 80.2%) compared with conventional fat grafts (mean = 45.1%). Clinical photos showed statistically significant superior results in the intervention group, assessed by independent clinical experts. These results improve the prospects for using culture-expanded ASCs in both reconstructive and cosmetic volume restoration and make the procedure an attractive alternative to conventional fat grafting and implants. This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov, number H-16046960.
Structure‐activity Relationship of Cu Species in the Ethanol Upgrading to n‐Butanol
Authors: Tong Yuqin , Zhou Jian , He Yaohui , Tu Pengxiang , Xue Bing , Cheng Yunhui , Cen Jie , Zheng Yifan , Ni Jun , Li Xiaonian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCu‐based catalysts have been widely used in ethanol upgrading to value‐added chemicals, however the selectivity towards target products is still not satisfactory due to the complexity of reaction network. Herein, we take the ethanol conversion to n‐butanol as an example, and demonstrate that there are relationships of the ethanol conversion, the selectivity of n‐butanol and ethyl acetate, and the rate of n‐butanol formation with the ratios of the surface area of Cu0 and Cu+. Both Cu0 and Cu+ are involved in the formation of ethyl acetate, and the ratio is indicative of the catalytic performance, being the higher the ratio, the higher activity of ethanol conversion to n‐butanol but lower selectivity towards ethyl acetate. This work will help develop more efficient and selective catalysts for ethanol upgrading.
One‐Pot, Rapid and Facile Synthesis of Thioglycolic Acid capped CdSe quantum dots: Tuning of Properties, Mechanistic Investigations by Cyclic Voltammetry and Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Singh Avinash , Yumnam Sujata , Kunwar Amit , Tripathi V. S. , Neogy Suman , Rath M. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThioglycolic acid (TGA) capped CdSe quantum dots (QD) have been synthesized in aqueous solution using facile, one‐pot and soft chemical route at ambient condition. The excitonic absorption peak and band gap of the QD could be tuned from 435 nm to 472 nm and from 2.37 eV to 2.60 eV respectively. The morphology of these QD were dependent on the precursor's concentration during synthesis. These QD exhibited broad photoluminescence (PL) spectra with large Stokes shift. It was observed that in the synthesis of CdSe QD TGA played twin role of catalyzing and capping agent. Detailed reaction mechanism of synthesis studied using cyclic voltammetry confirms the role of thioglycolate anion in the synthesis of CdSe QD. Cytotoxicity effects of these QD were studied in both the normal and cancer cell, indicted that TGA capped CdSe QD are cytotoxic beyond 10 μg/ml concentration and leads to cell proliferation of cancer cells.
Biodecolorization of Reactive Dyes Using Biochar Derived from Coconut Shell: Batch, Isotherm, Kinetic and Desorption Studies
Authors: Muralikrishnan R. , Jodhi C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present research examines the remediation of three different reactive dyes namely Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), Reactive Black 5 (RB5) Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) using biochar derived from coconut shell in an aqueous solution. The batch study showed that the pH of 2, temperature of 35 °C and biochar dosage of 1 g/L is the optimum condition for the maximum adsorption of reactive dyes. The adsorption isotherms demonstrated the highest uptake of 73.03 mg/g, 56.92 mg/g and 57.06 mg/g for RO16, RB5 and RB19 respectively. Isotherm studies predicted that the Toth model is the best fit model with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9837. The kinetic study was carried out and results indicated that 120 minutes as an equilibrium time, the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model were used to fit the experimental data. Finally, the reusability of the biochar was studied by using different elutants, sorbent to liquid ratio and regeneration cycles.
Peer review in academic writing: Different perspectives from instructors and students
Authors: Ahmed Rashad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study employed a mixed‐methods approach to examine peer review through the eyes of writing instructors and first‐year college students, including native and nonnative speakers of English. A total of 162 participants took part in the study, including 142 students and 20 full‐time writing instructors. The quantitative analysis involved multiple chi‐square tests and Fisher’s exact tests with Bonferroni adjustments for Type I error. The researcher examined the qualitative data for common themes and summarized in categories illustrated by participants’ quotes. The results of the study show significant differences between instructors and students in relation to the writing aspects that they focused on when doing peer review. Two important trends were revealed: (1) Both student groups (native and nonnative) focused primarily on language accuracy and range, particularly concerning grammar, spelling, and punctuation; and (2) the instructors were more involved with aspects related to the writing itself, such as thesis statement, organization, coherence, content, and evidence and examples. A significantly higher percentage of instructors reported problems with peer review related to lack of confidence, low appreciation for peer feedback, and reluctance to provide critical comments. The solutions offered by the students and the instructors also varied.
Impact of oxidation processes on the composition and biodegradability of soluble organic nutrients in wastewater effluents
Authors: Tooker Nicholas B. , Gao Ce , Onnis‐Hayden Annalisa , Gu April Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe characteristics and bioavailability of wastewater derived organic nutrients and their susceptibility to removal technologies have implications in nutrient loading to aquatic environments and their contributions to eutrophication. Therefore, a better understanding of treatability of effluent organic nutrients is of interest for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) and regulators. Oxidation processes (OPs) can reduce concentrations of soluble organic nutrients and convert them into more biodegradable forms. In this study, three WRRF effluents were treated with low‐pressure ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and combined UV/H2O2. Untreated and treated effluents were subjected to nitrogen and phosphorus speciation analyses and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) biodegradability assays. The OP treatments did not change SON concentrations significantly. For two WRRFs, OP treatments decreased soluble organic phosphorus (SOP) and seemed to convert it into soluble acid hydrolyzable phosphorus (SAHP), indicating possible increases in phosphorus bioavailability. Fingerprinting and quantification of dissolved organic matter (DOM) using fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis revealed changes in DOM pool composition in response to OPs treatments, which suggests likely organic nutrients composition changes. Based on biodegradability assessments, OP treatments likely changed the composition and biodegradability of effluent SON compounds. Combined UV/H2O2 treatment seemed more effective than other OPs at oxidizing some of the organic nutrients.Practitioner points

Treatment of secondary or tertiary effluent with UV, H2O2, or UV/ H2O2 was generally not effective at mineralizing SON and SOP, when applied at the doses used in this study.

Treatment resulted in observable changes in DOM compositions, likely including SON and SOP compounds. Combined UV/H2O2 treatment was more effective than UV or H2O2 alone at oxidizing some DOM compounds.

The BSON (bioavailable SON) assay indicated that the composition of the SON pool in the effluents was likely changed by the OP treatments. This was supported by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis.
Ein klinisch-radiologischer Score für Femurkopftransplantate
Authors: Siemssen Nicolaus , Friesecke Christian , Wolff Christine , Beller Gisela , Wassilew Katharina , Neuner Bruno , Schönfeld Helge , Pruß Axel 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Transplantation humaner Femurköpfe (FK) ist ein etabliertes Verfahren in der knöchernen Defektrekonstruktion bei orthopädischen und unfallchirurgischen Eingriffen, wobei eine standardisierte morphologische Qualitätsbewertung des Femurkopfgewebes bisher kaum erfolgt.

Material und Methoden
Bei 105 Patienten wurde der jeweilige FK im Rahmen einer Hüft-TEP standardisiert entnommen. Anhand klinischer und radiologischer Kriterien (Vorhandensein von Zysten, Nekrosen, Verkalkungen, Deformitäten und Osteoporose) wurde der FK mittels des Tabea-FK-Scores in drei Kategorien (beste/mittlere/schlechte Qualität) eingeteilt. Hiernach erfolgte eine zweite, makroskopische Einteilung der Qualität des in drei Schichten aufgesägten FK. Dieser „Makro-Score“ diente als Goldstandard. Ergänzend wurden eine periphere quantitative Computertomographie (pQCT) sowie histologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Übereinstimmung des Tabea-FK-Scores sowie der Ergebnisse der ergänzenden Untersuchungen mit dem Makro-Score wurde mittels Sensitivitäten und Spezifitäten beurteilt.

Ergebnisse
Bei 91/105 Patienten (Alter: 68,4 ± 9,9 Jahre, n = 60 Frauen, n = 31 Männer) wurden die explantierten FK in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen dem primären Tabea-FK-Score und dem Makro-Score in Bezug auf die Unterscheidung mittlere/beste sowie schlechte/mittlere Qualität ist als gut einzustufen (Sensitivität 77 % sowie 81 % und Spezifität 76 % sowie 84 %). Die Übereinstimmung des histologischen Befundes mit dem Makro-Score war insgesamt etwas schlechter und wies in Bezug auf die Unterscheidung mittlere/beste sowie schlechte/mittlere Qualität eine Sensitivität von 85 % sowie 54 % und eine Spezifität von 66 % sowie 97 % auf. Der pQCT-Score wies lediglich bei der Unterscheidung mittlere/beste Qualität eine zufriedenstellende Sensitivität (82 %) auf, während diese bei der Unterscheidung schlechte/mittlere Qualität sowie schlechte/mittlere + beste Qualität <10 % betrug.

Diskussion
Die gute Übereinstimmung zwischen primärem Tabea-FK-Score und makroskopischer Zweitbewertung unterstreicht die Fähigkeiten langjährig operativ tätiger Orthopäden, die Qualität der Knochenspongiosa bereits anhand des Röntgenbildes und des intraoperativen Befundes korrekt einzustufen. Insofern kann die Einführung des Tabea-FK-Scores in die Routineabläufe von Knochenbanken als Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme empfohlen werden.
Acceptable outcomes with unicompartmental knee replacement and PCL deficiency are achievable: a case series of nine patients
Authors: Li Pengfei , Kennedy James , Mohammad Hasan Raza , Pang Zhihui , Mellon Stephen , Jackson William , Price Andrew , Dodd Christopher , Murray David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposePosterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency is considered to be a contraindication for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR); however, there is no evidence to support or contradict this. There are occasional circumstances where UKR in PCL deficient patients have been performed where the patient otherwise satisfies the indications for UKR. The aim of this paper is to describe the outcome of UKR in PCL deficient patients.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with painful medial compartment osteoarthritis and PCL deficiency treated with Oxford UKR between 2006 and 2015 was undertaken. Clinical records from a prospectively recorded database were reviewed and outcomes were assessed based on revision rate, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), American Knee Society score and Tegner Activity Score.ResultsNine patients were identified. The median age at surgery was 51 years (range 42–80) and median follow-up was 6 years (range 1–10). There was one bearing dislocation requiring open exchange. The outcome of seven patients was excellent (OKS > 41). Two patients, who were both elderly, had good outcomes (OKS 41 and 39). One patient had a poor outcome, but it is not clear if this was related to the knee as she had a learning disability and examination and radiographs of the knee were satisfactory.ConclusionThe results of this small series suggest that excellent results can be achieved with UKR for selected patients with medial osteoarthritis in a PCL deficient knee that was functioning well before the osteoarthritis developed. On the basis of this a larger study should be undertaken. Until more results are available PCL deficiency should be considered a relative contra-indication to UKR.Level of evidenceIV.