bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of hosts, parasitoids and their interactions across a homogeneous landscape
Authors: Torné‐Noguera Anna , Arnan Xavier , Rodrigo Anselm , Bosch Jordi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpecies assemblages and their interactions vary through space, generating diversity patterns at different spatial scales. Here, we study the local‐scale spatial variation of a cavity‐nesting bee and wasp community (hosts), their nest associates (parasitoids), and the resulting antagonistic network over a continuous and homogeneous habitat. To obtain bee/wasp nests, we placed trap‐nests at 25 sites over a 32 km2 area. We obtained 1,541 nests (4,954 cells) belonging to 40 host species and containing 27 parasitoid species. The most abundant host species tended to have higher parasitism rate. Community composition dissimilarity was relatively high for both hosts and parasitoids, and the main component of this variability was species turnover, with a very minor contribution of ordered species loss (nestedness). That is, local species richness tended to be similar across the study area and community composition tended to differ between sites. Interestingly, the spatial matching between host and parasitoid composition was low. Host β‐diversity was weakly (positively) but significantly related to geographic distance. On the other hand, parasitoid and host‐parasitoid interaction β‐diversities were not significantly related to geographic distance. Interaction β‐diversity was even higher than host and parasitoid β‐diversity, and mostly due to species turnover. Interaction rewiring between plots and between local webs and the regional metaweb was very low. In sum, species composition was rather idiosyncratic to each site causing a relevant mismatch between hosts and parasitoid composition. However, pairs of host and parasitoid species tended to interact similarly wherever they co‐occurred. Our results additionally show that interaction β‐diversity is better explained by parasitoid than by host β‐diversity. We discuss the importance of identifying the sources of variation to understand the drivers of the observed heterogeneity.
Weed species, not mulching, affect web‐building spiders and their prey in organic fruit orchards in South Africa
Authors: Arvidsson F. , Addison P. , Addison M. , Haddad C. R. , Birkhofer K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWeed infestation affects economically relevant orchard properties, including tree performance, yield, and fruit quality negatively, and weeds are therefore often controlled by herbicide application in conventional farming. The addition of organic mulch below tree canopies has been proposed as an alternative reliable practice to suppress weeds and preserve soil moisture in organic farming. Mulching, however, may also affect arthropod pest and natural enemy populations, which highlights the need for simultaneously assessing weed, natural enemy, and animal pest communities in mulch experiments. This study addresses the limited knowledge about nonchemical ground cover management strategies for the control of plant and animal pests in orchards as a major constraint for organic growers. Here, we hypothesize that decisions about ground cover management practices in organic temperate fruit orchards affect the composition of web‐building spider communities and their functional role as natural enemies of pest arthropods through effects on weed and insect pest communities. We studied weed, prey, and spider communities, as well as spider diet composition, in four temperate fruit types (apricot, peach, plum, and quince) on a single farm in the Western Cape, South Africa. We established experimental plots with and without addition of dead organic mulch under fruit tree canopies. Addition of organic mulch did not significantly affect weed cover under trees or the taxonomic composition of weed or spider communities over the eight‐month study period. However, independent of mulching, the taxonomic composition of weed communities was significantly related to the composition of potential prey and spider communities. These relationships indirectly affected the prey composition of web‐building spiders. These results suggest that the identity of weed species in the study orchards had a pronounced effect on the diet composition and functional role of web‐building spiders. Future research should focus on the value of individual plant species for the promotion of pest control services provided by spiders across larger spatial scales and with higher levels of replication to allow for wider generalizations. The expected results would not only be relevant for weed control but could also be considered during the development of future flower strips in orchards.
Testing the effects of anthropogenic pressures on a diverse African herbivore community
Authors: Vinks Milan A. , Creel Scott , Schuette Paul , Rosenblatt Elias , Matandiko Wigganson , Sanguinetti Carolyn , Banda Kambwiri , Goodheart Ben , Becker Matthew , Chifunte Clive , Simukonda Chuma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge herbivore communities around the world have declined steeply in recent decades. Although excessive bushmeat harvesting is thought to be the primary cause of herbivore declines in many ecosystems, the direct effects of anthropogenic pressures on large herbivore populations remain poorly described in most of the systems experiencing decline. To test the extent to which large herbivores are impacted by ecological and anthropogenic factors in a protected area (PA) thought to be experiencing human‐caused decline, we fit distance sampling models to seven years of data from systematic ground‐based surveys in Kafue National Park (KNP) to estimate the population densities and distributions of 10 species of large herbivores, and to test what factors affect these parameters. Population densities of the ten most abundant large herbivores in KNP were substantially lower than those reported for an ecologically similar PA with less poaching pressure. Low densities were consistent across species and areas, though there was ecologically important variation among species and size classes. Densities of larger‐bodied herbivores were greatly depressed relative to smaller species. This pattern has direct and indirect effects on large carnivore populations, with broad implications for the ecotourism and trophy hunting industries. Statistically and methodologically rigorous methods to test the effects of anthropogenic and environmental variables on density and distribution exist, but are rarely applied to large herbivores. To quantify trends in herbivore populations and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation actions, our results show that distance sampling with stratified ground‐based monitoring is an efficient and effective method. In the Greater Kafue Ecosystem (GKE), continued increases in resource protection are needed to facilitate the recovery of an economically and ecologically important large herbivore guild. More broadly, our results confirm that anthropogenic effects on large herbivore distribution and abundance can be strong over wide areas for all species (particularly the larger members of the guild), even in very large PAs.
How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA–PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: Pieske Burkert , Tschöpe Carsten , de Boer Rudolf A. , Fraser Alan G. , Anker Stefan D. , Donal Erwan , Edelmann Frank , Fu Michael , Guazzi Marco , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lancellotti Patrizio , Melenovsky Vojtech , Morris Daniel A. , Nagel Eike , Pieske-Kraigher Elisabeth , Ponikowski Piotr , Solomon Scott D. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Rutten Frans H. , Voors Adriaan A. , Ruschitzka Frank , Paulus Walter J. , Seferovic Petar , Filippatos Gerasimos 
Published: March 2020

Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the ‘HFA–PEFF diagnostic algorithm’. Step 1 (P=Pre‐test assessment) is typically performed in the ambulatory setting and includes assessment for heart failure symptoms and signs, typical clinical demographics (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elderly, atrial fibrillation), and diagnostic laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. In the absence of overt non‐cardiac causes ofbreathlessness, HFpEF can be suspected if there is a normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, no significant heart valve disease or cardiac ischaemia, and at least one typical risk factor. Elevated natriuretic peptides support, but normal levels do not exclude a diagnosis of HFpEF. The second step (E: Echocardiography and Natriuretic Peptide Score) requires comprehensive echocardiography and is typically performed by a cardiologist. Measures include mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e′), LV filling pressure estimated using E/e′, left atrial volume index, LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, LV global longitudinal systolic strain, and serum natriuretic peptide levels. Major (2 points) and Minor (1 point) criteria were defined from these measures. A score ≥5 points implies definite HFpEF; ≤1 point makes HFpEF unlikely. An intermediate score (2–4 points) implies diagnostic uncertainty, in which case Step 3 (F1: Functional testing) is recommended with echocardiographic or invasive haemodynamic exercise stress tests. Step 4 (F2: Final aetiology) is recommended to establish a possible specific cause of HFpEF or alternative explanations. Further research is needed for a better classification of HFpEF.
Fuzzy vault‐based three‐factor authentication and key exchange for 5G‐integrated wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sun Junshuai , Jiang Qi , Ma Jianfeng , Cheng Qingfeng , I Chih‐Lin , Yin Chengguang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe integration of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the advanced 5G networks has greatly enriched applications of the Internet of Things. However, the open access to sensor nodes whose resources are limited makes the entire WSNs potentially insecure. It is impending to authenticate the identities of the communication participants to prevent various attacks such as eavesdropping, capturing, and tampering. Recently, an authentication and key exchange protocol for 5G‐integrated WSNs was proposed by Shin et al. However, we have found that the scheme cannot defend against offline password guessing attacks and de‐synchronization attacks. Therefore, we put forward an enhanced authentication and key exchange protocol, which can resist known attacks and shows more fitness for the scenario of 5G‐integrated WSNs. In addition, we have analyzed that our scheme is provably secure under the random oracle model with a strict adversarial hypothesis and possesses a better performance than Shin et al's scheme.
Pollen morphological investigations of family Cactaceae and its taxonomic implication by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Majeed Salman , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Kilic Omer , Sultana Shazia , Raza Jamil , Yaseen Ghulam , Gul Hina , Mir Sehrosh , Lubna  , Jabeen Munazza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe family Cactaceae is the diversified group of angiosperm plants whose pollen statistics has been used for taxonomic identification. In this article, we present the pollen morphology of eight species belong to seven taxonomically complex genera of Cactaceae including Astrophytum, Cylindropuntia, Echinocereus, Echinopsis, Mammillaria, Opuntia, and Thelocactus using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, and electron photomicrographs were taken. Cactaceae can be characterized by presenting different palynomorphological features including pollen type, sculpturing, polar and equatorial diameter, aperture orientation, exine thickness, P/E ratio, and echini features. Four types of pollen shapes, that is, prolate spheroidal (three species), subprolate (two species), prolate (two species), and oblate spheroidal in Echinocereus reichenbachii were observed. The polar and equatorial diameter observed maximum in O. ficus indica 116.95 and 112.27 μm while minimum in M. compressa 38.42 and 21.05 μm. Pollen of two types, tricolpate in members of subfamily Cactioideae and pantoporate in the Opuntioideae were examined. The fertility percentage has been observed maximum in Opuntia macrocentra (83.84%) and minimum in Opuntia ficus‐indica (57.89%). Exine sculpturing showing great variations such as granulate, reticulate, granulate perforate and micro‐echinate foveolate ornamentation was examined only in Echinopsis eyriesii. A key to species, based on pollen micromorphological attributes, has been constructed for correct identification of complex cactus species.
Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Wang Yuyi , Chen Yan , Qin Qingsong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy 27 February 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused 82 623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013, respectively. COVID‐19 has spread to 46 countries internationally. Total fatality rate of COVID‐19 is estimated at 3.46% by far based on published data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). Average incubation period of COVID‐19 is around 6.4 days, ranges from 0 to 24 days. The basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID‐19 ranges from 2 to 3.5 at the early phase regardless of different prediction models, which is higher than SARS and MERS. A study from China CDC showed majority of patients (80.9%) were considered asymptomatic or mild pneumonia but released large amounts of viruses at the early phase of infection, which posed enormous challenges for containing the spread of COVID‐19. Nosocomial transmission was another severe problem. A total of 3019 health workers were infected by 12 February 2020, which accounted for 3.83% of total number of infections, and extremely burdened the health system, especially in Wuhan. Limited epidemiological and clinical data suggest that the disease spectrum of COVID‐19 may differ from SARS or MERS. We summarize latest literatures on genetic, epidemiological, and clinical features of COVID‐19 in comparison to SARS and MERS and emphasize special measures on diagnosis and potential interventions. This review will improve our understanding of the unique features of COVID‐19 and enhance our control measures in the future.
Improving customer routing in contact centers: An automated triage design based on text analytics
Authors: Ilk Noyan , Shang Guangzhi , Goes Paulo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose an automated triage design for intelligent customer routing in live‐chat contact centers and demonstrate its implementation using a real‐world data set from an S&P 500 firm. The proposed design emerges as a synthesis of text analytics and predictive machine learning methods. Using numerical experiments based on the simulation of the firm's contact center, we demonstrate the service level, time, and labor cost benefits of the automated design over two other triage designs (i.e., customer choice triage and human expert triage) that are commonly employed in the real world. Through additional analyses, we explore the generalizability of the automated design for creating solutions for different types of communication channels. Our work has implications for managing customer relations under emerging communication technologies (e.g., live‐chat, e‐mail, and social media) and more broadly for demonstrating the use of text analytics and machine learning to improve Operations Management practice.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFRβ) lineage tracing highlights perivascular cell to myofibroblast transdifferentiation during post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Sono Takashi , Hsu Ching‐Yun , Negri Stefano , Miller Sarah , Wang Yiyun , Xu Jiajia , Meyers Carolyn A. , Peault Bruno , James Aaron W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPericytes ubiquitously surround capillaries and microvessels within vascularized tissues and have diverse functions after tissue injury. In addition to regulation of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration after injury, pericytes also contribute to organ fibrosis. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) phenocopies post‐traumatic osteoarthritis, yet little is known regarding the impact of DMM surgery on knee joint‐associated pericytes and their cellular descendants. Here, inducible platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFRβ)‐CreERT2 reporter mice were subjected to DMM surgery, and lineage tracing studies performed over an 8‐week period. Results showed that at baseline PDGFRβ reporter activity highlights abluminal perivascular cells within synovial and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) tissues. DMM induces a temporospatially patterned increase in vascular density within synovial and subsynovial tissues. Marked vasculogenesis within IFP was accompanied by expansion of PDGFRβ reporter+ perivascular cell numbers, detachment of mGFP+ descendants from vessel walls, and aberrant adoption of myofibroblastic markers among mGFP+ cells including α‐SMA, ED‐A, and TGF‐β1. At later timepoints, fibrotic changes and vascular maturation occurred within subsynovial tissues, with the redistribution of PDGFRβ+ cellular descendants back to their perivascular niche. In sum, PDGFRβ lineage tracing allows for tracing of perivascular cell fate within the diarthrodial joint. Further, destabilization of the joint induces vascular and fibrogenic changes of the IFP accompanied by perivascular to myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
Regeneration of macronutrients and trace metals during phytoplankton decay: An experimental study
Authors: Hollister Adrienne P. , Kerr Makenzie , Malki Kema , Muhlbach Eric , Robert Maya , Tilney Charles L. , Breitbart Mya , Hubbard Katherine A. , Buck Kristen N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMacronutrients and trace metals are incorporated into phytoplankton during growth and regenerated back into the water column when phytoplankton decay, a process that contributes to the distributions of dissolved trace metals and macronutrients in depth profiles. To study this, we incubated mixed Gulf of Mexico phytoplankton assemblages and monocultures of the diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia dolorosa and the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis in the dark. Over 6 months, macronutrients (phosphate, silicic acid, nitrate + nitrite, nitrite, ammonium), chlorophyll‐a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and prokaryotes were monitored alongside dissolved manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Results were compared to depth profiles to evaluate the role of regeneration in trace metal cycling. In contrast to water‐column distributions, silicic acid and phosphate were closely coupled in experiments containing diatoms, indicating a shared regeneration pathway. Nitrification and nitrifying prokaryotes were only observed near the end of a subset of the experiments. Of the trace metals, Cd was most tightly coupled with phosphate. Regeneration of Mn was followed by rapid drawdown, consistent with Mn‐oxide formation. Iron (Fe), Cu, and Pb typically remained low until Mn was depleted, suggesting either scavenging to Mn‐oxides or otherwise delayed regeneration of these elements. Cobalt (Co) and Ni were largely conservative, but behaved like nutrients in the experiment using more offshore water low in Cd and Zn. Although experimental conditions were limited in their representation of the water column, these incubations provide novel insight into macronutrient and trace metal regeneration in the oceans.
Mechanochromic Polymers Based on Microencapsulated Solvatochromic Dyes
Authors: Calvino Céline , Henriet Emma , Muff Livius F. , Schrettl Stephen , Weder Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of polymers with built‐in sensors that provide readily perceptible optical warning signs of mechanical events has received considerable interest. A simple and versatile concept to bestow polymers with mechanochromic behavior is the incorporation of dye‐filled microcapsules. Such capsules release their cargo when their shell is damaged, and the dye is subsequently activated through a chemical or physical change that causes a chromogenic response. Here, we report the preparation of fluorescent poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules containing solutions of a solvatochromic cyanostilbene dye and their integration in different polymers. When objects made from such composites are damaged, the dye solution is released from the containers, diffuses into the matrix, and the solvent evaporates. As a result, the polarity around the dye molecules changes, and this leads to a change of the fluorescence color. Alternatively, the dye is blended into the polymer matrix, microcapsules are loaded with a solvent, and the release of the latter triggers the color change. Both mechanisms afford ratiometric signals because the capsules that remain intact or dye molecules that are not exposed to the solvent can be used as a built‐in reference; therefore, a quantitative assessment of the damage inflicted on the material is a priori possible.
PYCR1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion by affecting JAK/STAT signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Yawen , Luo Lihua , Xie Yangchun , Zhao Yu , Yao Jie , Liu Xianling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as a form of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most frequently diagnosed lung cancer worldwide. To date, a few biomarkers have been reported to provide valuable information in guiding LUAD treatment. The aim of our study was to explore the functional role of pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) in LUAD. Based on Oncomine database, we found that PYCR1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues. We also confirmed an abnormal increase of PYCR1 expression in LUAD cell lines and patients' tissues. Through Kaplan‐Meier plotter database, we further studied the prognostic values of PYCR1. The outcomes indicated that overexpressed PYCR1 associated with poor prognosis among LUAD patients. To further study the function of PYCR1 in LUAD, cell counting kit‐8, colony‐forming, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays were conducted. The results suggested that knockdown of PYCR1 curbed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in LUAD cell lines. Subsequently, we identified 50 top genes positively and negatively correlated with PYCR1 in LUAD, and conducted biological pathway enrichment analysis of these genes. Among those enriched pathways, we selected JAK/STAT signaling pathway for further analysis. The results of Western blot assays revealed that PYCR1 knockdown significantly increased the expression of Bcl‐2 and c‐Myc, and the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3. Taken together, this study unearthed that PYCR1 knockdown could inhibit tumor growth and affect the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in LUAD. This study may contribute to a better understanding of PYCR1 in LUAD and provide a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis.