bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment delay in childhood pleural tuberculosis and associated factors
Authors: Gong Huai-Zheng , Han Chao , Yang Feng-Lian , Wang Chun-Fang , Wang Jun-Li , Wang Mao-Shui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Delay in diagnosis and treatment worsens the disease and clinical outcomes, which further enhances the transmission of tuberculosis (TB) in the community. Therefore, this study aims to assess treatment delay and its associated factors among childhood pleural TB patients in China.

Methods
Between January 2006 and December 2019, consecutive patients aged ≤15 years with definite or possible pleural TB were included for analysis. Treatment delay duration was defined as the time interval from the onset of symptoms to treatment initiation and was stratified into two categories: < 30 days, ≥30 days (median delay day is 30 days). The electronic medical records of children were reviewed to obtain demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, and radiographic findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with treatment delay in patients.

Results
A total of 154 children with pleural TB were included, with a mean age of 12.4 ± 3.3 years. The median treatment delay was 30 days (interquartile range, 10–60 days) and 51.3% (n = 79) of patients underwent a treatment delay. Multivariate analysis revealed that heart rate (≤92 beats/min, age-adjusted OR = 2.503, 95% CI: 1.215, 5.155) and coefficient of variation of red cell distribution width (RDW-CV, ≥12.9%, age-adjusted OR = 4.705, 95% CI: 2.048, 10.811) were significant risk factors for treatment delays in childhood pleural TB.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that a significant treatment delay occurs among children with pleural TB in China. Patients with a low heart rate or a high RDW-CV experienced delays in the initiation of anti-TB therapy. Therefore, well awareness of the associations between clinical characteristics and treatment delay may improve the management of children with pleural TB and enable us to develop preventive strategies to reduce the treatment delay.
miR-203 inhibits cell proliferation and ERK pathway in prostate cancer by targeting IRS-1
Authors: Meng Yang , Hu Xiaoyan , Li Shasha , Zeng Xinyi , Qiu Lei , Wei Mingtian , Wang Ziqing , Han Junhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer in men. In the course of the development and progression of this disease, abnormal expression of miR-203 is usually accompanied. However, its role in prostate tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood.

Methods
Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to detect miR-203 binding site in insulin receptor substrates 1 (IRS-1). Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay in PCa cells with either IRS-1 knockdown or miR-203 overexpression. IRS-1 and other proteins expression in PCa cells was assessed by Western Blot.

Results
we found that the insulin receptor substrates 1 (IRS-1) is a novel target of miR-203 in PCa and miR-203 can specifically bind to the 3′UTR region of the IRS-1 thus suppresses its expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that miR-203 functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting IRS-1 to inhibit cell proliferation and migration which results in PCa cell cycle arrest. Importantly, miR-203 overexpression blocks ERK signalling pathway by down-regulating IRS-1 expression.

Conclusions
Our results show a novel link between miR-203 and IRS-1, and reveal the importance of strict control of IRS − 1 by miR-203 in the progression of PCa, suggesting miR-203 may act as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced PCa.
Upregulation of miR-205 induces CHN1 expression, which is associated with the aggressive behaviour of cervical cancer cells and correlated with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Liu Jianbing , Li Yunfeng , Chen Xihua , Xu Xiangbo , Zhao Haoqi , Wang Shufang , Hao Jianqing , He Bin , Liu Shuyan , Wang Jiedong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the mechanisms mediating the development and progression of cervical cancer are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of microRNAs and a1-chimaerin (CHN1) protein in cervical cancer progression.

Methods
The expression of miR-205 and CHN1 protein was investigated by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. We predicted the target genes of miR-205 using software prediction and dual luciferase assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins was tested by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. The ability of cell growth, migration and invasion was evaluated by CCK-8 and transwell. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry analysis.

Results
We found that miR-205 and CHN1 were highly expressed in human cervical cancer tissue compared with paired normal cervical tissues. The CHN1 gene was shown to be targeted by miR-205 in HeLa cells. Interestingly, transfection with miR-205 mimic upregulated CHN1 mRNA and protein, while miR-205 inhibitor downregulated CHN1 in high-risk and human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative human cervical cancer cells in vitro,. These data suggested that miR-205 positively regulated the expression of CHN1. Furthermore, the miR-205 mimic promoted cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in high-risk and HPV-negative cervical cancer cells, while the miR-205 inhibitor blocked these biological processes. Knockdown of CHN1 obviously reduced the aggressive cellular behaviours induced by upregulation of miR-205, suggesting that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate these cell behaviours during the development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, CHN1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis in clinical specimens.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion during cervical cancer development, particularly for high-risk HPV-type cervical cancer. These findings suggested that dysregulation of miR-205 and subsequent abnormalities in CHN1 expression promoted the oncogenic potential of human cervical cancer.
Venous stasis retinopathy in a ten-year-old boy with ocular hypertension: a case report
Authors: Stingl Julia V. , Nunez Laura Ponce , Schuster Alexander K. , Hoffmann Esther M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Central retinal vein occlusion is a variable disease pattern. Preliminary stages of a complete occlusion of the central vein, wich are subsumed under the term venous stasis retinopathy, may occur as transient blurred vision and with subtle alterations of the fundus. Course and prognosis are benign, visual acuity usually recovers. By now, venous stasis retinopathy in children due to Valsalva maneuver has not been described in literature yet.

Case presentation
We present an impressive case of venous stasis retinopathy in a 10-year-old boy with ocular hypertension and megalocornea due to increased intraocular pressure provoked by Valsalva maneuver. Main symptom was transient blurred vision in the left eye. The intraocular pressure was 28 mmHg, fundus exam revealed tortuous veins and a flame shaped hemorrhage at 7 o’clock. Total recovery under topical antiglaucomatous therapy could be observed after 1 month.

Conclusions
Acute increase in intraocular pressure, provoked by Valsalva maneuver is a risk factor for venous stasis retinopathy. Further general and vascular risk factors should be ruled out by extensive examination. Children with ocular hypertension might be at higher risk for impending vein occlusion as shown in this case.
Classic Ehlers–Dalnos syndrome presenting as atypical chronic haematoma: a case report with novel frameshift mutation in COL5A1
Authors: Chiu Wei-Ching , Chen Shu-Huey , Lo Mei-Chen , Kuo Yung-Ting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility and soft tissue vulnerable to blunt injury. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial to patients to provide appropriate treatment, as well as to screen for life-threatening conditions such as aortic dissection and hollow organ perforation. The diagnosis of EDS is made based on clinical presentations, skin biopsy, and electron microscopy findings. To date, mutations in at least 20 genes have been found to cause the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. However, EDS is still underestimated due to lack of awareness of its variable clinical presentations. Here we reported an EDS case with atypical initial presentation and a novel genetic mutation.

Case presentation
This 4-year-old Taiwanese male patient presented with easy bruising, multiple ecchymoses, joint hypermobility, hyperextensible skin, and prolonged pretibial haematoma. He was initially suspected of a bleeding tendency due to coagulation disorders. The coagulation test results were normal. DNA sequencing was performed for molecular diagnosis. Subsequently, the diagnosis of classical EDS was made by identifying a novel frameshift mutation in COL5A1 [NM_000093.4:c.4211_4212delAG, p.Gln1404Arg]. This mutation in the type V collagen gene COL5A1 contributes to the phenotype of classical EDS. This novel frameshift mutation may disturb the structural stability of collagen V and interfere with its heparin binding capacity, explaining the chronic haematoma.

Conclusion
The reported case showed the unusual features of chronic haematoma. This novel frameshift mutation and its phenotype correlation can provide useful information for practitioners about early recognition in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
Environmental, climatic and host population risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in southwest of Iran
Authors: Ghatee Mohammad Amin , Nikaein Koorosh , Taylor Walter Robert , Karamian Mehdi , Alidadi Hasan , Kanannejad Zahra , Sehatpour Faezeh , Zarei Fateme , Pouladfar Gholamreza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic echinococcosis (CE), a worldwide zoonotic disease, is affected by various biological and environmental factors. We investigated dog/livestock populations, climatic and environmental factors influencing the distribution of human CE cases in Fars province, southwest Iran.MethodsWe mapped the addresses of 266 hospitalised CE patients (2004–2014) and studied the effects of different temperature models, mean annual rainfall and humidity, number of frosty days, slope, latitude, land covers, close proximity to nomads travel routes, livestock and dog densities on the occurrence of CE using geographical information systems approach. Data were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsIn the multivariate model predicting CE, living in an urban setting and densities of cattle and dogs were the most important CE predictors, sequentially. Dry (rained) farm, density of camel and sheep, close proximity to nomads travel routes, humidity, and slope also were considered as the determinants of CE distribution, when analyzed independently. Slope had a negative correlation with CE while temperature, frost days and latitude were not associated with CE.ConclusionsIn our study, an urban setting was the most important risk factor and likely due to a combination of the high density of key life cycle hosts, dogs and livestock, a large human susceptible population and the high number of abattoirs. Farmland and humidity were highly suggestive risk factors and these conditions support the increased survival ofEchinococcus granulosuseggs in the soil. These findings support the development of strategies for control of disease. More research is needed test optimal interventions.
Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in central region, Eritrea: a health facility based survey
Authors: Gebregziabher Nahom Kiros , Netsereab Tesfit Brhane , Fessaha Yerusalem Gebremeskel , Alaza Feven Andebrhan , Ghebrehiwet Nardos Kidane , Sium Aman Hadish 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that occurs within the first 12 months after delivery. It affects 20 to 40% of women living in the low-income countries. In resource limited countries discovering the predictors of PPD is important as it allows close follow-up and targeted screening of at risk mothers. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of PPD among recently delivered mothers in Central Region of Eritrea.MethodsThis study used analytical cross-sectional study design to evaluate the magnitude of and factors associated with postpartum depression among 380 randomly selected mothers. The study was conducted in four primary health care facilities of Zoba Maekel (Central Region), Eritrea. A structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic and maternity related information of the study participants. The standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition was used to assess depression. The dependent variable for this study was status of the mother with regard to PPD. The socio-demographic and maternity related variables of the mothers, presumed to influence the likelihood of developing postpartum depression, were the independent variables.ResultsIn this study the prevalence of PPD was found to be 7.4%. Mother’s who are housewives were less likely to develop PPD (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06–0.97;p = 0.046), whereas, mothers with perceived low economic status (AOR = 13.33, 95% CI: 2.66–66.78;p = 0.002), lack of partner support (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI: 1.33–25.29;p = 0.019), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.24–9.28;p = 0.017), maternal illness after delivery (AOR = 7.42, 95% CI: 1.44–34.2;p = 0.016), and reside in Southwest-Asmara (AOR = 6.35, 95% CI: 1.73–23.23;p = 0.05) had statistically significant higher odds of postpartum depression.ConclusionsIn the current study setting, factors that associated with PPD are grouped in to two domains; the woman’s potential to bear the forthcoming responsibility and the social support they get after delivery. The findings of this study imply the need to introduce an active screening program for PPD the health facilities as part of the postpartum care.
Liver resections for metastasis: surgical outcomes of a single center academic institution
Authors: Abreu Phillipe , Ferreira Raphaella , Bussyguin Danilo Saavedra , DaCás Eduardo , Venkatasamy Vighnesh Vetrivel , Tomasich Flávio Daniel Saavedra , Szutan Luiz Arnaldo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatic metastasis are frequent and liver resection may be an option for some cases, despite the high complexity of the procedure and the possibility of postoperative complications.

Methods
This retrospective comparative descriptive study aims to evaluate a series of 86 consecutive liver resections (LRs) performed for the treatment of metastatic liver tumors, comparing the results between patients undergoing major and minor LR. All patients submitted to LR from October 2010 to July 2015 at the Erasto Gaertner Hospital in Curitiba-PR were included. Quantitative numerical variables were analyzed with the Student t-test. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was used for numerical variables of non-normal distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test with Fisher's correction. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 and STATA 15 programs, being p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
Eighty-six LR were performed, 56 cases by colorectal metastasis. The major LR corresponded to 68 cases, with 13.2% of Clavien-Dindo III–V complications and 2.9% of reoperation rate. Eighteen minor LR were performed and one patient had a postoperative complication requiring reoperation.

Conclusion
Preoperative elevation of transaminases and jaundice negatively influence surgical outcomes in patients undergoing LR. Tumors greater than 3 cm presented worse postoperative survival. Major LR did not significantly increase the surgical morbidity rate.

Institutional Review Board registration
1.122.319/2015
Actinic keratoses in subjects from la Mitad del Mundo, Ecuador
Authors: Fors Martha , González Paloma , Viada Carmen , Falcón Kirsten , Palacios Santiago 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Quito, the capital of Ecuador due to its geographical location, has a high skin cancer incidence. Actinic keratoses, as premalignant lesions, are precursors of nonmelanoma skin cancer, and the prevalence of this medical condition in the country is unknown.

Methods
An observational, cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of actinic keratoses (AKs) in a rural area of Quito. Visual skin exams, dermoscopy and biopsy of suspicious lesions were performed.

Results
A total of 254 subjects older than 40 years old (71.3% female) were enrolled. The general AK prevalence was 22.4%; in women, the prevalence was 23.6%, while in men, it was 19.4%. The prevalence rates of basocellular and squamous cell carcinomas and Bowen disease were 1.6, 0.8 and 0.4%, respectively. No statistical associations were found between AKs and the studied variables.

Conclusions
This study was the first reporting the prevalence of premalignant lesions in Ecuador. We could not demonstrate a relationship between the presence of AKs and any of the known risk factors for their development.
Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions using toothpaste containing tricalcium phosphate and fluoride: an in vitro µCT analysis
Authors: Hamba Hidenori , Nakamura Keiki , Nikaido Toru , Tagami Junji , Muramatsu Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the efficacies of experimental toothpastes containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) with and without fluoride for in vitro enamel remineralization under pH-cycling conditions.

Methods
To create artificial white spot lesions, 36 bovine enamel specimens were immersed in a demineralization solution for 10 days. During pH-cycling for 12 days, the specimens were divided into four groups based on the experimental toothpaste type used: (a) fTCP-free, fluoride-free (fTCP − F −); (b) fTCP-containing, fluoride-free (fTCP + F −); (c) fTCP-free, fluoride-containing (fTCP − F +); and (d) fTCP-containing, fluoride-containing (fTCP + F +). Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) scans of all specimens were obtained before demineralization, after demineralization, and after pH-cycling. The mineral density and mineral loss (ΔZ) in the enamel subsurface lesions were measured and the percentage of remineralization (%R) was calculated from ΔZ after demineralization and pH-cycling. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test was used for statistical analysis of the %R values. The treated enamel surface was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results
The fTCP − F − group presented with the lowest amount of mineral gain after pH-cycling. In contrast, the fTCP + F + group showed the highest degree of remineralization within all lesion parts. The %R was highest in the fTCP + F + group (38.2 ± 7.8, all P < 0.01). SEM revealed the presence of small crystals on the enamel rods in the fTCP + F − and fTCP + F + groups.

Conclusions
The experimental toothpaste containing fTCP and fluoride increased remineralization of the artificial enamel subsurface lesions during pH-cycling. Furthermore, fTCP and fluoride appear to act independently on the remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions, although they coexisted in one toothpaste type.
Trial registration: This is not a human subject research.
Insights into the mechanism of Arnebia euchroma on leukemia via network pharmacology approach
Authors: Wang Biting , Wu Zengrui , Wang Jiye , Li Weihua , Liu Guixia , Zhang Bo , Tang Yun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Arnebia euchroma (A. euchroma) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for the treatment of blood diseases including leukemia. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the anti-tumor effect of shikonin and its derivatives, the major active components of A. euchroma. However, the underlying mechanism of action (MoA) for all the components of A. euchroma on leukemia has not been explored systematically.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed the MoA of A. euchroma on leukemia via network pharmacology approach. Firstly, the chemical components and their concentrations in A. euchroma as well as leukemia-related targets were collected. Next, we predicted compound-target interactions (CTIs) with our balanced substructure-drug-target network-based inference (bSDTNBI) method. The known and predicted targets of A. euchroma and leukemia-related targets were merged together to construct A. euchroma-leukemia protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network. Then, weighted compound-target bipartite network was constructed according to combination of eight central attributes with concentration information through Cytoscape. Additionally, molecular docking simulation was performed to calculate whether the components and predicted targets have interactions or not.

Results
A total of 65 components of A. euchroma were obtained and 27 of them with concentration information, which were involved in 157 targets and 779 compound-target interactions (CTIs). Following the calculation of eight central attributes of targets in A. euchroma-leukemia PPI network, 37 targets with all central attributes greater than the median values were selected to construct the weighted compound-target bipartite network and do the KEGG pathway analysis. We found that A. euchroma candidate targets were significantly associated with several apoptosis and inflammation-related biological pathways, such as MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, IL-17 signaling, and T cell receptor signaling pathways. Moreover, molecular docking simulation demonstrated that there were eight pairs of predicted CTIs had the strong binding free energy.

Conclusions
This study deciphered that the efficacy of A. euchroma in the treatment of leukemia might be attributed to 10 targets and 14 components, which were associated with inhibiting leukemia cell survival and inducing apoptosis, relieving inflammatory environment and inhibiting angiogenesis.