bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What drove giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca expansion in the Qinling Mountains? An analysis comparing the influence of climate, bamboo, and various landscape variables in the past decade
Authors: Huang Qiongyu , Lothspeich Audrey , Hernández-Yáñez Haydée , Mertes Katherine , Liu Xuehua , Songer Melissa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The role of climate and aclimatic factors on species distribution has been debated widely among ecologists and conservationists. It is often difficult to attribute empirically observed changes in species distribution to climatic or aclimatic factors. Giant pandas (A. melanoleuca) provide a rare opportunity to study the impact of climatic and aclimatic factors, particularly the food sources on predicting the distribution changes in the recent decade, as well-documented information on both giant panda and bamboos exist. Here, we ask how the climate metrics compare to the bamboo suitability metric in predicting the giant panda occurrences outside the central areas in the Qinling Mountains during the past decade. We also seek to understand the relative importance of different landscape-level variables in predicting giant panda emigration outside areas of high giant panda densities. We utilize data from the 3rd and 4th National Giant Panda Surveys (NGPSs) for our analysis. We evaluate the performance of the species distribution models trained by climate, bamboo suitability, and the combination of the two. We then at 4 spatial scales identify the optimal models for predicting giant panda emigration between the 3rd and the 4th NGPSs using a list of landscape-level environmental variables. Our results show that the models utilizing the bamboo suitability alone consistently outperform the bioclimatic and the combined models; the distance to high giant panda density core area and bamboo suitability show high importance in predicting expansion probability across all four scales. Our results also suggest that the extrapolated bamboo distribution using bamboo occurrence data can provide a practical and more reliable alternative to predict potential expansion and emigration of giant panda along the range edge. It suggests that restoring bamboo forests within the vicinity of high giant panda density areas is likely a more reliable strategy for supporting shifting giant panda populations.
Game of Thrones, Tourism, and the Ethics of Adaptation
Authors: Peaslee Robert Moses , Vasquez Rosalynn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article examines ‘adaptation-induced tourism’, a form of media-induced tourism understood to be distinct from ‘screen tourism’ or ‘literary tourism’ and marked by tourist activity related to an adaptation from one media format to another. Such adaptation-induced tourism activates an existing fan base and as a result provides considerably more upside in terms of the potential long-tail impact of tourism, but also faces particularly acute challenges in terms of fidelity and potential negative fan reactions. Moreover, this article suggests an ethical dimension to adaptation. Examining Game of Thrones tourism in and around Belfast, Northern Ireland (UK), this research shows that the choice to adapt popular works through extensive location shooting invites significant increases in visitation, thereby bringing sustainability issues to the fore and forcing communities to ‘adapt’ to new realities. The changes that occur on the local level, while often positive in the short-term, may have deleterious impacts upon the physical and cultural ecosystem, particularly in the context of climate change and a larger trend in tourism towards ‘adapting’ to new geoatmospheric and political realities. The article suggests that stakeholders involved in location scouting, providing incentives to film and television producers, and the marketing of place might remain mindful of and proactive concerning unintended consequences to seemingly obvious production and development decisions, particularly where adaptations are concerned. Finally, the article suggests that adaptation-induced tourism spaces and their reproduction by visitors are further examples of adaptation that have the potential to induce further visitation, creating a productive circle with ambivalent outcomes.
Local NO2 concentrations and asthma among over-50s in Ireland: A microdata analysis
Authors: Carthy Philip , Ó Domhnaill Aonghus , O’Mahony Margaret , Nolan Anne , Moriarty Frank , Broderick Brian , Hennessy Martina , Donnelly Aoife , Naughton Owen , Lyons Sean 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Links between air pollution and asthma are less well established for older adults than some younger groups. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations are widely used as an indicator of transport-related air pollution, and some literature suggests NO2 may directly affect asthma.

Methods
This study used data on 8162 adults &gt;50 years old in the Republic of Ireland to model associations between estimated annual outdoor concentration of NO2 and the probability of having asthma. Individual-level geo-coded survey data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were linked to model-based estimates of annual average NO2 at 50 m resolution. Asthma was identified using two methods: self-reported diagnoses and respondents’ use of medications related to obstructive airway diseases. Logistic regressions were used to model the relationships.

Results
NO2 concentrations were positively associated with the probability of asthma [marginal effect (ME) per 1 ppb of airborne NO2 = 0.24 percentage points asthma self-report, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.42, mean asthma prevalence 0.09; for use of relevant medications ME = 0.21 percentage points, 95% CI 0.049–0.37, mean prevalence 0.069]. Results were robust to varying model specification and time period. Respondents in the top fifth percentile of NO2 exposure had a larger effect size but also greater standard error (ME = 2.4 percentage points asthma self-report, 95% CI −0. 49 to 5.3).

Conclusions
Associations between local air pollution and asthma among older adults were found at relatively low concentrations. To illustrate this, the marginal effect of an increase in annual average NO2 concentration from sample minimum to median (2.5 ppb) represented about 7–8% of the sample average prevalence of asthma.
Influences of starter NDF level on growth performance and rumen development in lambs fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets
Authors: Xie Biao , Huang WenQin , Zhang ChunXiang , Diao QiYu , Cui Kai , Chai JianMin , Wang ShiQin , Lv XiaoKang , Zhang NaiFeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as the main component of structural carbohydrate in forage, is a vital factor impacting the performance of young ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of starter NDF level on the rumen fermentation and morphometrics of lambs fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. One hundred Hu sheep lambs (18 days of age and 6.1 ± 0.1 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to one of the four starter diets differing in their NDF levels on a dry matter (DM) basis: 1) diet with 14% NDF (NDF14), 2) diet with 18% NDF (NDF18), 3) diet with 22% NDF (NDF22), and 4) diet with 26% NDF (NDF26). Lambs were fed milk replacer with designed starters from 21 to 60 d of age and then transitioned to the same starter feed until 90 d of age. Six lambs from each treatment (close to the average BW of the corresponding treatment) were selected and slaughtered at 90 d of age for measuring rumen fermentation, anatomical development, and morphometric characteristics. Lambs receiving NDF22 and NDF26 starter diets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) intake of starter and total DM, and average daily gain during the overall period, thereby heavier (P &lt; 0.05) final weights at 90 d of age compared with those fed NDF14 starter diet. At 90 d of age, lambs fed NDF22 and NDF26 starters had higher rumen pH, followed by lower propionate, higher acetate concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), and a higher acetate-to-propionate ratio compared with those fed NDF14 and NDF18 starters (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences of the full and empty weight of reticulorumen were observed among treatments; however, the reticulorumen weight expressed as a percentage of the complex stomach weight was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in lambs fed NDF22 and NDF26 starters compared with those fed NDF14 starter. Furthermore, NDF14 lambs had the thickest keratin layer and epithelium compared with those in the other treatments but showed the thinnest muscle layer (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that increasing starter NDF levels can ameliorate the rumen fermentation environment and alleviate hyperkeratosis and plaque formation in the rumen epithelium. In summary, including 22% and 26% NDF in the pelleted starter can improve the performance of lambs.
Generation of an enteric smooth muscle cell line from the pig ileum
Authors: Ji Xu , Lyu Pengcheng , Hu Rui , Yao Wen , Jiang Honglin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in physiology and production in farm animals such as pigs. Here, we report the generation of a pig SMC line. Our original objective was to establish an enteroendocrine cell line from the pig ileum epithelium through lentiviral transduction of the Simian Virus (SV) 40 large T antigen. However, an initial expression analysis of marker genes in nine cell clones revealed that none of them were enteroendocrine cells or absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, or Paneth cells, some of the major cell types existing in the ileum epithelium. A more detailed characterization of one clone named PIC7 by RNA-seq showed that these cells expressed many of the known smooth muscle-specific or -enriched genes, including smooth muscle actin alpha 2, calponin 1, calponin 3, myosin heavy chain 11, myosin light chain kinase, smoothelin, tenascin C, transgelin, tropomyosin 1, and tropomyosin 2. Both quantitative PCR and RNA-seq analyses showed that the PIC7 cells had a high expression of mRNA for smooth muscle actin gamma 2, also known as enteric smooth muscle actin. A Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of SV40 T antigen in the PIC7 cells. An immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of smooth muscle actin alpha 2 filaments in the PIC7 cells. A collagen gel contraction assay showed that the PIC7 cells were capable of both spontaneous contraction and contraction in response to serotonin stimulation. We conclude that the PIC7 cells are derived from an enteric SMC from the pig ileum. These cells may be a useful model for studying the cellular and molecular physiology of pig enteric SMCs. Because pigs are similar to humans in anatomy and physiology, the PIC7 cells may be also used as a model for human intestinal SMCs.
Measuring the baryon acoustic oscillation peak position with different galaxy selections
Authors: Hernández-Aguayo César , Cautun Marius , Smith Alex , Baugh Carlton M , Li Baojiu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate if, for a fixed number density of targets and redshift, there is an optimal way to select a galaxy sample in order to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale, which is used as a standard ruler to constrain the cosmic expansion. Using the mock galaxy catalogue built by Smith et al. in the Millennium-XXL N-body simulation with a technique to assign galaxies to dark matter haloes based on halo occupation distribution modelling, we consider the clustering of galaxies selected by luminosity, colour and local density. We assess how well the BAO scale can be extracted by fitting a template to the power spectrum measured for each sample. We find that the BAO peak position is recovered equally well for samples defined by luminosity or colour, while there is a bias in the BAO scale recovered for samples defined by density. The BAO position is contracted to smaller scales for the densest galaxy quartile and expanded to large scales for the two least dense galaxy quartiles. For fixed galaxy number density, density-selected samples have higher uncertainties in the recovered BAO scale than luminosity- or colour-selected samples.
Combination Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Alam Muhammad U. , Jazayeri Seyed B. , Gautam Shiva , Norez Daniel , Kumar Jatinder , Tanneru Karthik , Nguyen Sabine , Costa Joseph , Bandyk Mark , Ganapathi Hariharan P. , Koochekpour Shahriar , Balaji K.C. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Randomized clinical trials have shown combination therapy to be superior in progression-free survival (PFS) rates when compared with sunitinib alone. However, there have been no direct comparisons among the combination strategies making it unclear as to which may be the preferred option. We performed a network meta-analysis of the combination therapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor plus axitinib or bevacizumab) used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and provided a rank order preference based on PFS, and adverse events (AEs).

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search on the treatment of mRCC using combination therapy till July 2019 was done. Studies reporting on combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitor plus axitinib or bevacizumab for mRCC were selected. Frequentist method was used for rank order generation.

Results:
A total of 3 studies consisting of 2672 patients were selected. All combination therapies demonstrated improved PFS when compared with sunitinib alone. The rank order for PFS showed combination of pembrolizumab plus axitinib had the highest probability of favorability followed by avelumab plus axitinib and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (surface under the cumulative ranking 0.9, 0.7, and 0.4, respectively). For AEs, pembrolizumab plus axitinib had the least AEs ≥grade 3, followed by avelumab plus axitinib and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (surface under the cumulative ranking 0, 0.5, 1.0).

Conclusions:
This network meta-analysis demonstrates that combination of pembrolizumab plus axitinib may be the preferred option based on efficacy and side effect profile compared with avelumab plus axitinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. However, all the 3 combination strategies were superior to sunitinib alone in improving PFS in patients with mRCC.
Bronchoscopic Treatment of Airway Obstructions With a Novel Electrosurgical Device
Authors: Benn Bryan S. , Lum Mendy , Krishna Ganesh 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
Airway obstructions (AOs) in the central airway or lobar bronchi develop due to malignant or benign disease. Because of the morbidity and mortality associated with AO, it is important to develop additional therapeutic ablative techniques. CoreCath2.7S is a novel monopolar radiofrequency electrosurgical device approved to treat obstructions of the upper airway and tracheobronchial tree by both cutting soft tissue and providing electrosurgical hemostasis. We present a large case series describing its use.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with AO undergoing airway recanalization with CoreCath2.7S at 2 interventional pulmonology practices from October 2017 to May 2019. Demographic information, AO etiology, location, and degree, and therapeutic modalities used were recorded.

Results:
Fifty-three patients underwent 64 procedures for AO due to malignant (n=30, 57%) or benign (n=23, 43%) disease. AOs were treated in the trachea (n=28), mainstem bronchi (n=23), and lobar bronchi (n=17). All AO occluded the airway at least 50%. Adjunctive therapeutic modalities were commonly used (n=60, 94%), including flexible cryoprobe (n=33), balloon dilation (n=23), rigid bronchoscopy (n=19), spray cryotherapy (n=19), argon plasma coagulation (n=14), and stenting (n=5). Restoration of airway patency was achieved in all cases without any periprocedural or immediate postprocedural complications.

Conclusion:
CoreCath2.7S was successfully used to treat patients with AO due to malignant or benign disease. Airway patency was restored with no periprocedural or immediate postprocedural complications. It should be considered as another therapeutic modality in the growing field of ablative techniques for the treatment of AO.
Case Control Study on Radioactive Stents Versus Conventional Stents for Inoperable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Li-Feng , Lv Lu-Lu , Xu Yuan-Shun , Cao Chi , Fu Yu-Fei 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the relative clinical efficacy of radioactive and normal stent insertion for the treatment of inoperable obstructive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC).

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2014 and December 2018, consecutive OESCC patients were treated via either radioactive or normal stent insertion.

Results:
A total of 42 and 39 OESCC patients were treated via radioactive and normal stent insertion, respectively. These procedures were both technically and clinically successful in all patients. Massive hemorrhage was observed in 7 (16.7%) and 1 (2.6%) patients in radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.080). Median stent patency durations were 175 and 136 days in radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.004). Median overall survival were 187 and 145 days in the radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.011).

Conclusion:
Relative to normal stent, radioactive stents showed a higher patency and overall survival in OESCC patients.
Developing a fail-safe culture in a cyber environment using MySQL replication technique
Authors: Isiaka Fatima M. , Audu Salihu Abdullahi , Umar Mustafa Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The dependence on the use of information systems for nearly every activity and functions in the internet is increasingly high. This form of interconnectedness has bolstered national economies, enhanced how governments interact with their citizens and how ordinary people connect with friends and family. However, this dependence has equally resulted to a high rise in vulnerability, threat and risk associated with more use of information and communication technology. Cyber-attacks that have the potential to disrupt or damage information system infrastructure are getting more complex with some level of sophistication. Traditional protection of information system infrastructure is no longer sufficient; systems have proven to be immune to failure or incidents. This paper aims to ensure that there is a continuous availability of services through a fail-safe proof.

Design/methodology/approach
MYSQL replication technique was used to develop a model based on three-tier layers using the principle of network interdependency and the replication techniques. Tier 1 depicts a Telecom organization serving as service provider that provides internet service to Tier 2 organization – a Bank; Tier 3 is the financial App that can be used by bank staff and customers. The fail-safe mode integrated mechanism enables Tier 3 to continue to render its services in the event of an attack on Tier 1 such as DDoS without disruption.

Findings
This technique succeeded in mitigating the loss of data if cyber incident occurred or reception of uninterrupted services is countered, which give rise to future master-to-master architecture.

Research limitations/implications
The study conducted is limited to the design and development of a fail-safe system for interdependent networks or systems using MYSQL replication technique.

Originality/value
In an interdependent environment such as the cyberspace, the sectors are interdependent for optimal results. The originality of the work ensures that there is availability of services which is sustained and that data integrity is assured using the fail-safe technique based on MySQL replication method.
School principals' managerial behaviours and students' achievement
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Falzetti Patrizia , Soncin Mara 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis research investigates the impact of managerial practices implemented by Italian school principals on students' outcomes, using micro-data provided by the National Evaluation Committee for Education (INVALSI) for 2013/14 school year.Design/methodology/approachEmploying an educational production function, the authors regress a set of student and school's characteristics, enriched by information from a questionnaire filled by school principals to estimate student's score at grade 8 (last year of junior secondary school), also taking into account student's prior achievement (at grade 6 – first year of junior secondary school).FindingsIndicators about managerial practices have positive coefficients, but low statistical significance. Stronger associations between management variables and test scores are detected for low-SES schools.Originality/valueThe research presented here is particularly innovative in the Italian context, where little evidence exists about the impact of managerial skills in education, though institutional reforms are leading towards a strengthening of school principal's leadership role. In this paper, the authors move a first step by describing managerial practices and their diffusion in different schools and geographical areas within the country. The authors focus the attention on the role of managerial practices (what principals do) and not on the managerial skills (what principals are able to do).
Women in public relations (1982–2019)
Authors: Topić Martina , Cunha Maria Joäo , Reigstad Amelia , Jelen-Sanchez Alenka , Moreno Ángeles 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the current literature on women in public relations to establish trends and areas of inquiry in the literature and identify research gaps for future research.Design/methodology/approachA total of 223 articles have been empirically analysed using thematic analysis to identify trends in the existing literature. The data has been coded and analysed per decade (1982–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2009, 2010–2019). The articles have been identified by searching major journals in the field of public relations and communications, as well as snowballing from identified articles.FindingsThe results show that the majority of academic articles have been produced by using lived experiences of women working in the public relations industry and thus reflect the professional situation of female public relations employees. The results show that the position of women has reached a full circle in four decades of research and returned to the discriminatory work environment. Finally, the results show that a liberal feminist perspective has an advantage in the literature since the majority of works have been produced in the United States; however, there is an increase in authors calling for the use of socialist and radical feminism.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive literature review of works published in the field. The paper takes an empirical approach to the analysis rather than the descriptive one, which helped in identifying major trends in the research and identified a research gap for future inquiries.