bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of delayed mobilization on post-discharge outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study in older patients
Authors: Pederson Jenelle L. , Padwal Raj S. , Warkentin Lindsey M. , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna M. , Wagg Adrian , Khadaroo Rachel G. 
Published: November 2020

Surgeons are increasingly treating seniors with complex care needs who are at high-risk of readmission and functional decline. Yet, the prognostic importance of post-operative mobilization in older surgical patients is under-investigated and remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the relationship between post-operative mobilization and events after hospital discharge in older people. Overall, 306 survivors of emergency abdominal surgery aged ≥65y who required help with <3 activities of daily living were prospectively followed at two Canadian tertiary-care hospitals. Time until mobilization after surgery was attained from hospital charts and a priori defined as ‘delayed’ (≥36h) or ‘early’ (<36h). Primary outcomes for 30-day and 6-month all-cause readmission/death after discharge were assessed in multivariable logistic regression. Patients had a mean age of 76 ± 7.7 years, 45% were women, 41% were ‘vulnerable-to-moderately-frail’, according to the Clinical Frailty Scale. Most common reasons for admission were gallstones (23%), intestinal obstructions (21%), and hernia (17%). Median time to post-operative mobilization was 19h (interquartile range 9−35); 74 (24%) patients had delayed mobilization. Delayed mobilization was independently associated with higher risk of 30-day readmission/death (19 [26%] vs. 22 [10%], P<0.001; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24, 95%CI 0.99–5.06, P = 0.05), but this was not statistically significant at 6-months (38 [51%] vs. 64 [28%], P<0.001; aOR 1.72, 95%CI 0.91−3.25, P = 0.1). One-quarter of older surgical patients stayed in bed for 1.5 days post-operatively. Delayed mobilization was associated with increased risk of short-term readmission/death. As older, more frail patients undergo surgery, mobilization of older surgical patients remains an understudied post-operative factor.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02233153
Whole blood transcriptome biomarkers of unruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Poppenberg Kerry E. , Li Lu , Waqas Muhammad , Paliwal Nikhil , Jiang Kaiyu , Jarvis James N. , Sun Yijun , Snyder Kenneth V. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Kolega John , Meng Hui , Tutino Vincent M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) causes devastating subarachnoid hemorrhages, yet most IAs remain undiscovered until they rupture. Recently, we found an IA RNA expression signature of circulating neutrophils, and used transcriptome data to build predictive models for unruptured IAs. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using whole blood transcriptomes to predict the presence of unruptured IAs.

Methods
We subjected RNA from peripheral whole blood of 67 patients (34 with unruptured IA, 33 without IA) to next-generation RNA sequencing. Model genes were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in a random training cohort (n = 47). These genes were used to train a Gaussian Support Vector Machine (gSVM) model to distinguish patients with IA. The model was applied to an independent testing cohort (n = 20) to evaluate performance by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Gene ontology and pathway analyses investigated the underlying biology of the model genes.

Results
We identified 18 genes that could distinguish IA patients in a training cohort with 85% accuracy. This SVM model also had 85% accuracy in the testing cohort, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.91. Bioinformatics reflected activation and recruitment of leukocytes, activation of macrophages, and inflammatory response, suggesting that the biomarker captures important processes in IA pathogenesis.

Conclusions
Circulating whole blood transcriptomes can detect the presence of unruptured IAs. Pending additional testing in larger cohorts, this could serve as a foundation to develop a simple blood-based test to facilitate screening and early detection of IAs.
Is reporting quality in medical publications associated with biostatisticians as co-authors? A registered report protocol
Authors: Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Hediger Michael , Gosteli Martina , Reeve Kelly A. , von Felten Stefanie , Furrer Eva 
Published: November 2020

Background
Quality in medical research has recently been criticized for being low, especially in observational research. Methodology is increasingly difficult, but collaboration between clinical researchers and biostatisticians may improve research and reporting quality. The aim of this study is to quantify the value of a biostatistician in the team of authors.

Methods
Single-center, retrospective observational study following the STROBE reporting guidelines. We will systematically review all medical publications with biostatisticians from our center as co-authors or authors and review corresponding papers without biostatisticians from our center during the same time range. We will compare aspects of reporting quality, overall and for the three study types observational, randomized trial, and prognostic separately.

Discussion
We anticipate that the results of the study will raise awareness of the importance of high methodological quality, as well as appropriate reporting quality in clinical research.

Conclusion
Our study will have a direct impact on our center by making each of us more aware of the reporting guidelines for various research designs. This in turn will enhance reporting quality in future research with our involvement. Our study will also raise awareness of the important role that biostatisticians play in the design and analysis of health research projects.
Circulating Sex Hormones Are Associated With Gastric and Colorectal Cancers but Not Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the UK Biobank
Authors: McMenamin Úna C. , Liu Peipei , Kunzmann Andrew T. , Cook Michael B. , Coleman Helen G. , Johnston Brian T. , Cantwell Marie M. , Cardwell Chris R. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Gastrointestinal cancers show an unexplained male predominance, but few prospective studies have investigated sex hormones and gastrointestinal cancer risk. This study aimed to determine the impact of circulating sex hormones on risk of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers in men and women.

METHODS:
We included 219,425 men and 147,180 women from the UK Biobank. Sex hormones were quantified using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Gastrointestinal cancers were identified from cancer registry linkages. Sex hormone concentrations and risk of gastrointestinal cancers were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS:
During the 10 years of follow-up, 376 esophageal adenocarcinoma, 108 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 333 gastric and 2,868 colorectal cancer cases were identified. Increased hazard ratios (HRs) were found for sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and risk of gastric cancer in men (Q4 vs Q1 HR 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–2.17, Ptrend = 0.01). Free testosterone was inversely associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in women (Q4 vs Q1 HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.98, Ptrend = 0.05). For colorectal cancer, SHBG was associated with a reduced risk among men (Q4 vs Q1 HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77–1.03, Ptrend = 0.04) and free testosterone concentrations was associated with a reduction in risk among women (Q4 vs Q1 HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.97, Ptrend = 0.01). No associations were found for esophageal adenocarcinoma.

DISCUSSION:
In this large prospective investigation of prediagnostic sex hormones and risk of gastrointestinal cancers, men with higher SHBG concentrations had higher gastric, yet lower colorectal, cancer risks, whereas women with higher free testosterone levels had a lower risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer.
Desire and Impulse in Epictetus and the Older Stoics
Authors: Klein Jacob 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article argues that Epictetus employs the terms orexis and hormê in the same manner as the older Stoics. It then shows, on the basis of this claim, that the older Stoics recognized a distinction between dispositional and occurrent forms of motivation. On this account of Stoic theory, intentional action is in each instance the product of two forms of cognition: a value ascription that attributes goodness or badness to some object, conceiving of its possession as beneficial or harmful to the agent, together with a situational judgment about appropriate action. The resulting interpretation suggests that the Stoic theory of motivation as a whole — and not merely the Stoic analysis of the pathê — has the basic shape of a practical syllogism, with more psychological depth than commentators have recognized.
In the Same Boat, but not Equals: The Heterogeneous Effects of Indirect Taxation on Child Health in Punjab-Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Faiz Ur , Nasir Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 2011 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan revealed that 51% of the country’s population was consuming less than 2,100 calories a day. In the backdrop of rising food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition in Pakistan, this study aims to measure the effects of indirect taxation on health outcomes of children (<5 years). More specifically, the impact of the incidence of General Sales Tax (GST) in the province of Punjab has been estimated on a child’s height and weight. The proponents of the uniform GST argue that the tax would not affect children because most food items consumed by children are exempted from the GST. However, the opponents believe that households, especially those belonging to the lower-income group, would reallocate resources away from children in the face of higher GST. To study these effects, we utilized three different waves (2007–08, 2011 & 2014) of Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS). The results show that the tax incidence, and not the GST rate, has a significantly negative impact on children’s height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). No effect was found on the weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ). These results are robust to different specifications and exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different income groups. These findings suggest that the exemption of certain food items for children from the GST may not eliminate the negative effects of this tax on a child’s health. Thus, our study raises concerns about the long term welfare consequences of GST.
Existence and Concentration of Solutions for Choquard Equations with Steep Potential Well and Doubly Critical Exponents
Authors: Li Yong-Yong , Li Gui-Dong , Tang Chun-Lei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the non-autonomous Choquard equation

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

λ
⁢
V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

(

I
α

∗
F

⁢

(
u
)

)

⁢

F
′

⁢

(
u
)

in

⁢

R
N

,

-\Delta u+\lambda V(x)u=(I_{\alpha}\ast F(u))F^{\prime}(u)\quad\text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{N},

where

N
≥
4

N\geq 4

,

λ
>
0

\lambda>0

,

V
∈

C
⁢

(

R
N

,
R
)

V\in C(\mathbb{R}^{N},\mathbb{R})

is bounded from below and has a potential well,

I
α

I_{\alpha}

is the Riesz potential of order

α
∈

(
0
,
N
)

\alpha\in(0,N)

and

F
⁢

(
u
)

=

1

2
α
*

⁢

|
u
|

2
α
*

+

1

2
*
α

⁢

|
u
|

2
*
α

F(u)=\frac{1}{2_{\alpha}^{*}}\lvert u\rvert^{2_{\alpha}^{*}}+\frac{1}{2_{*}^{\alpha}}\lvert u\rvert^{2_{*}^{\alpha}}

, in which

2
α
*

=

N
+
α

N
-
2

2_{\alpha}^{*}=\frac{N+\alpha}{N-2}

and

2
*
α

=

N
+
α

N

2_{*}^{\alpha}=\frac{N+\alpha}{N}

are upper and lower critical exponents due to the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality, respectively. Based on the variational methods, by combining the mountain pass theorem and Nehari manifold, we obtain the existence and concentration of positive ground state solutions for 𝜆 large enough if 𝑉 is nonnegative in

R
N

\mathbb{R}^{N}

; further, by the linking theorem, we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions for 𝜆 large enough if 𝑉 changes sign in

R
N

\mathbb{R}^{N}

.
Inconclusive evidence of sexual reproduction of invasive Halophila stipulacea: a new field guide to encourage investigation of flower and fruit production throughout its invasive range
Authors: Smulders Fee O.H. , Chiquillo Kelcie L. , Willette Demian A. , Barber Paul H. , Christianen Marjolijn J.A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dioecious seagrass species Halophila stipulacea reproduces mainly through fast clonal growth, underlying its invasive behavior. Here, we provide morphological evidence to show that the first findings of fruits in the Caribbean were misidentified. Consequently, H. stipulacea reproduction is likely still only asexual in the Caribbean. Therefore, we introduce an identification key of H. stipulacea reproductive structures to encourage careful identification and quantification throughout its invasive range. Until large-scale seed production in invaded habitats is reported, the apparent low rate of sexual reproduction needs to be considered in current studies investigating the invasion capacity of this species.
Liebt Dante Gemma?
Authors: Zanin Enrica 
Published: November 2020

Riassunto
Dante ama o non ama sua moglie, Gemma Donati? La domanda può apparire puerile ed ingenua, ma ogni lettore della Commedia o della Vita nuova un giorno se l’è posta. Se abbiamo rinunciato a rispondere è perché sappiamo che in assenza di documenti o di prove è impossibile trovare una risposta. Ma non pensano così Witte ed i filologi di fine Ottocento, che tra il 1876 ed il 1883 scrivono un numero importante di articoli, scambiano lettere e cercano prove per conoscere i ›veri‹ sentimenti di Dante. Il fondo Witte ci permette di ricostruire questa querelle che, se non riesce a svelare i segreti di cuore di Dante, rivela i motivi ed i metodi usati dai primi filologi danteschi, e descrive la storia e l’importanza del biografismo nello studio dell’opera di Dante.
The Dark Side of Policy Responsiveness: State Action on Climate Change
Authors: Chapman Stephen J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Climate change is an ever-growing problem that requires a network of policy solutions. There exists variation in state-level responses to climate change, firmly placing it within the context of state-level representation. There are various explanations for policy outcomes at the state level, including public opinion, institutional control, interest group activity, among others. With respect to climate change, another potential explanation provided by scholars for the variation in policy responses is the degree of risk posed by climate change to a particular state. However, climate change serves as a somewhat unique policy position as it is highly visible and has been a polarizing issue in American political discourse. This paper analyzes how risk, political control, and opinion affect policy responses to climate change. Employing multiple measures for state-level action on climate change as well as state-level opinion on the existence and perceived threat of climate change, this analysis theorizes that given the polarized nature of the climate change debate in the United States, public opinion on the realities of climate change and partisan control of state government influences policy outcomes more so than any level of quantified threat from climate change. The causal reasoning for this dual effect is the impact of citizen demands and overarching party ideologies. Even when controlling for wealth, energy industry activity, and political lobbying within states, findings indicate a strong relationship between citizen opinion and partisan control on state-level action on climate change, posing a challenge for combatting long-term impacts of climate change.
“Do Gun Policy Specifics Matter? Hyper-Polarization And The Decline Of Vote Splitting In Congress”
Authors: Quinn Genevieve 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy tracing the changing electoral incentives and political circumstances of partisans in Congress over time, this paper unpacks how and why substantive policy content has lost its relevance for influencing Congressional voting on gun control. It argues that as gun control positions have crystallized to become part of partisan identity, policy specifics have come to matter less for partisans in Congress than the general pro gun control or pro gun rights position that a piece of legislation symbolizes. Today, regardless of the specific policy contents of a bill, a gun vote serves as a signaling device from members of Congress to their partisan supporters that they are either passionate defenders of the Second Amendment (Republicans) or fierce protectors of America’s children from gun violence (Democrats). That policy content has lost its relevance for Congressional voting on gun control is evident through the marked decline in vote splitting, the extinction of gun control moderates, and the all or nothing voting behavior of partisan shifters – those formerly pro-control Republicans, anti-control Democrats, and gun control moderates who shifted positions over time to vote the party line.
Metonymy and the conceptualisation of nation in political discourse
Authors: Salamurović Aleksandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of metonymy, especiallyplace-for-people, in current constructions of national identity. The corpus consists of ten political speeches (commemoration and election speeches) from Germany, Montenegro and North Macedonia used to detect and examine different levels of variation: from text type to cross-linguistic differences in the use of metonymies. The analysis showed that the most frequent metonym in two Western Balkan countries is the country name, referring to both the speaker as representative of an institution, and population. By contrast, the country name is rarely used in German speeches due to particular communicative and cultural factors. At the pragmatic level, metonymies perform a number of functions, such as legitimization, collectivization and evaluation. Moreover, they are used also as euphemisms and argumentation topos.
Rotorcraft fuselage/main rotor coupling dynamics modelling and analysis
Authors: Castillo-Rivera Salvador , Tomas-Rodriguez Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents the fuselage/main rotor coupling dynamics under a modal analysis to study the modes of oscillation. The authors provide a rotorcraft simulation model that captures complex dynamics, wherein the validation is done with existing theories. The model has been set up by using VehicleSim, software specialized in modelling mechanical systems composed by rigid bodies. It is presented a helicopter simulation framework, that allows to study the impact of the main rotor varying angular speed on the system. Moreover, the generated heterodyning behaviour and harmonics can be analysed on the fuselage. The detection of this performance is not a simple task, and this helicopter model provides an accurate system for its study using a short-time Fourier transform processing. The coupled dynamics observed between the fuselage and the main rotor indicate that the model can be a suitable tool to detect this type of performance.
Contrasting language attitudes: The case of Spanish in Basel
Authors: Fernández-Mallat Víctor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo concurrent discourses on the presence of non-national languages such as Spanish and its speakers circulate in Switzerland’s public sphere: one that conceives this presence positively and another that considers it negatively. Following a multimodal discursive-interactive approach, in this study I seek to determine which of these discourses is reproduced in the individual, private accounts of five Swiss nationals. My results show that these individuals echo both of the readily available dominant discourses, meaning that they construct contrasting attitudes related to said presence, regardless of whether these attitudes are deployed as part of their own set of beliefs or that of other Swiss nationals like them. These results build on prior research that shows that the private attitudes of individuals are often strongly affected by various elements of the situational context (e.g., dominant discourses, the immediate surroundings, etc.) and, as a consequence of this, variable by nature. More generally, my results demonstrate the need to reframe how certain aspects of prominent social topics such as the presence of migrants and their languages are treated by authorities and in public media outlets.
Language revitalization through the media: A case study of Amazigh in Morocco
Authors: Belhiah Hassan , Majdoubi Mohamed , Safwate Mouna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Given the pivotal role mass media play in effecting political and social change, they can also contribute to the revitalization of an endangered or minoritized language if language policies are effectively implemented. Drawing on official documents regarding Amazigh broadcasting on Moroccan public television and interviews with Amazigh experts and media practitioners, this study scrutinizes the efforts exerted to revitalize Amazigh, the language of pre-Arab populations in North Africa. The results of the study indicate that while the status of Amazigh has changed drastically in the last two decades, its dissemination in public television is hampered by political, economic, and logistic forces. The study has implications for the areas of language revitalization, language shift reversal, language policy, and language planning.
Study on the inter-annual hydrology-induced deformations in Europe using GRACE and hydrological models
Authors: Lenczuk Artur , Leszczuk Grzegorz , Klos Anna , Kosek Wieslaw , Bogusz Janusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarth’s crust deforms in various time and spatial resolutions. To estimate them, geodetic observations are widely employed and compared to geophysical models. In this research, we focus on the Earth’s crust deformations resulting from hydrology mass changes, as observed by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity mission and modeled using WGHM (WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model) and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System), hydrological models. We use the newest release of GRACE Level-2 products, i. e. RL06, provided by the CSR (Center for Space Research, Austin) analysis center in the form of a mascon solution. The analysis is performed for the European area, divided into 29 river basins. For each basin, the average signal is estimated. Then, annual amplitudes and trends are calculated. We found that the eastern part of Europe is characterized by the largest annual amplitudes of hydrology-induced Earth’s crust deformations, which decrease with decreasing distance to the Atlantic coast. GLDAS largely overestimates annual amplitudes in comparison to GRACE and WGHM. Hydrology models underestimate trends, which are observed by GRACE. For the basin-related average signals, we also estimate the non-linear variations over time using the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). For the river basins situated on the southern borderline of Europe and Asia, large inter-annual deformations between 2004 and 2009 reaching a few millimeters are found; they are related to high precipitation and unexpectedly large drying. They were observed by GRACE but mismodelled in the GLDAS and WGHM models. Few smaller inter-annual deformations were also observed by GRACE between 2002-2017 for central and eastern European river basins, but these have been also well-covered by the WGHM and GLDAS hydrological models.