bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDI Trends and Characteristics in Kosovo
Authors: Sahiti Arben , Ahmeti Ard , Sahiti Arbana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, Kosovo has had a strong volatility in attracting foreign investment into the domestic market, which has been accompanied not only by the decline in FDI flows but also by the quality of investments. Kosovo has not been able to catch the trend of FDI absorption just as it takes place in an important part of developing economies; it is also failing to follow the success of neighbouring countries. The success of further development of Kosovo’s economy cannot be imagined without the strong presence of foreign-owned businesses as a guarantee that this goal will become objectively achievable. The aim of the study is to examine recent trends and characteristics of FDI flows and patterns in Kosovo. This study adopts a qualitative research method using secondary data taken mainly from Kosovo’s Central Bank and Business Registration Agency. The present study concludes that FDI in Kosovo is mainly oriented to the Real Estate, Rental and Business sectors. Moreover, the main FDI contributors are businesses from the EU countries and Turkey. A majority of FDI inflows in Kosovo have been predominantly dominated by five countries.
Improved error estimate and applications of the complete quartic spline
Authors: Bica Alexandru Mihai , Curilă Diana , Satmari Zoltan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper an improved error bound is obtained for the complete quartic spline with deficiency 2, in the less smooth class of continuous functions. In the case of Lipschitzian functions, the obtained estimate improves the constant from Theorem 3, in J. Approx. Theory 58 (1989) 58-67. Some applications of the complete quartic spline in the numerical integration and in the construction of an iterative numerical method for fourth order two-point boundary value problems with pantograph type delay are presented.
Study on the Mapping of Research Data in the Republic of Moldova in the Context of Open Science
Authors: Turcan Nelly , Rusu Andrei , Cujba Rodica 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Open Science concept represents a new approach to the way in which scientific research based on cooperation and new ways of knowledge dissemination is carried out and organized, using new digital technologies, new tools for collaboration, and R&D infrastructure to ensure open access to research data.
This study uses data collected in May - July 2018 within a survey that aimed at investigating the scientific data ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. Findings show that, although there are some concerns about the loss of property rights and copyright infringement in case of sharing and open access to research data, Moldovan academia is ready to provide access to research data. The research has highlighted that a new challenge is needed to solve scientific data issues by creating new type of infrastructure to ensure data retention, broad access to research results for the purpose of their dissemination and use, and creating new research opportunities based on research data.
Suggest Recommendation for Library Users Using Graphs
Authors: Crișan Gheorghe-Cătălin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to prove the usefulness of graphs in solving an ever-present problem for library users: finding books they like and they are looking for. Graphs are known as an important tool in solving conditioned optimization problems. We propose a graph-based system of recommendation which can be easy used in a library for assisting and helping users in finding in real time the books they like. The main advantage of the proposed graph-based approach lies in the ease with which new data or even new entities from different sources are added to the graph without disturbing the entire system. The system uses the similarity scores in order to find the similarity between objects and to get the best recommendation for a user’s request. In the end, we will compare the results from used formulas..
Understanding Romanian Texts by Using Gamification Methods
Authors: Berghia Ștefania-Eliza , Pahomi Bogdan , Volovici Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the field of natural language processing. Determining which syntactic function is right for a specific word is an important task in this field, being useful for a variety of applications like understanding texts, automatic translation and question-answering applications and even in e-learning systems. In the Romanian language, this is an even harder task because of the complexity of the grammar. The present paper falls within the field of “Natural Language Processing”, but it also blends with other concepts such as “Gamification”, “Social Choice Theory” and “Wisdom of the Crowd”. There are two main purposes for developing the application in this paper:
a) For students to have at their disposal some support through which they can deepen their knowledge about the syntactic functions of the parts of speech, a knowledge that they have accumulated during the teaching hours at school
b) For collecting data about how the students make their choices, how do they know which grammar role is correct for a specific word, these data being primordial for replicating the learning process
The productivity growth slowdown in advanced economies: causes and policy recommendations
Authors: Wroński Marcin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The growth of total factor productivity (TFP) in advanced economies has slowed significantly after the 1970s. The global financial crisis (GFC) has resulted in the second productivity growth slowdown. This paper, on the basis of a broad literature review, identifies the structural forces and legacies of the financial crisis, explaining the productivity growth slowdown and providing possible policy solutions. The mismeasurement hypothesis is also discussed. The slowing pace of innovations, population aging, slowing human capital accumulation, limits of structural transformation, capital misallocation, and firm-level factors are identified as structural forces slowing TFP growth. Lack of capital deepening, financial frictions, and slowdown of international trade are the most important legacies of GFC affecting productivity growth.
Sharing economy and the city
Authors: Rutkowska-Gurak Anna , Adamska Agata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sharing economy is a very broad term, covering various areas and forms of human activity. It includes activities of individuals, social groups, and enterprises, as well as local and state authorities, which aim to enable, facilitate, or even organize the sharing of resources. Sharing economy has an increasing importance and is accompanied by large-scale changes of revolutionary character embodied in innovative thinking. In this paper, a multidimensional assessment of the sharing economy from the perspective of various groups of stakeholders is undertaken. In order to analyze this phenomenon in more depth, the analyzed field of sharing economy has been narrowed subjectively (to the sphere of operations of for-profit corporations from this sector) and territorially (to the area of cities, as special places attracting sharing economy start-ups). The analysis has found that although the idea of sharing creates new opportunities, it also causes new challenges for cities’ functioning and development, especially when considering the influence of large sharing economy companies on other stakeholders. The findings also show that not only does sharing economy have an uneven impact on the functioning of different cities but it also has heterogeneous consequences for different groups of stakeholders in the same city.
From better schools to better nourishment: evidence from a school-building program in India
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is a short paper analyzing the potential effects of a targeted school-building program on health indicators. The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) program in India intended to build residential schools for girls from historically disadvantaged sections of the society, providing a unique multifaceted policy setting with tenets of gender equality, affirmative action, and infrastructure reform in education. Exploiting the potentially exogenous cross-sectional variations generated by the institutional features of implementation of this intervention, I run triple-difference regressions to find that the program led to increases in body mass index (BMI) among the underweight. There seems to be a positive correlation between KGBV exposure and probability of being in the “healthy” band of BMI indicators.
A New Auto Adaptive Fuzzy Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dziwiński Piotr , Bartczuk Łukasz , Paszkowski Józef 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The social learning mechanism used in the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm allows this method to converge quickly. However, it can lead to catching the swarm in the local optimum. The solution to this issue may be the use of genetic operators whose random nature allows them to leave this point. The degree of use of these operators can be controlled using a neuro-fuzzy system. Previous studies have shown that the form of fuzzy rules should be adapted to the fitness landscape of the problem. This may suggest that in the case of complex optimization problems, the use of different systems at different stages of the algorithm will allow to achieve better results. In this paper, we introduce an auto adaptation mechanism that allows to change the form of fuzzy rules when solving the optimization problem. The proposed mechanism has been tested on benchmark functions widely adapted in the literature. The results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this solution.
Scoring Model in Operational Research on Cultural-Tourism: A Case Study in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Authors: Ramamoorty Thavamalar , Abdullah Noraini , Zenian Suzelawati 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The predominant culture of Sabah consists of a motley of cultures, each of which has been brought in by the different ethnic groups from their indigenous cultures. The total population of Sabah consists of more than thirty different ethnicities and races, and the number of languages and dialects go over eighty. Hence the cultural tourism in Sabah would have varied criteria that can be looked into. The aim of this paper is to use the scoring model in operational research to rank these decision criteria according to highest scores. The preferability of tourist visiting these hot spots is done by ranking their preferability based on a weightage. Highly scored attraction factors would attract more tourists to visit cultural spots in Kota Kinabalu. Therefore, these would help operational managers in the tourism industry to focus on promoting and marketing this sector.
The Logic and Normative Force of Dual-Character Generics: Towards a Theoretical Model for the Study of Normatively Shifted Predications
Authors: Kowalewska-Buraczewska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between generic statements and the expression, transmission and persistence of social norms. The author presents the concept of normativity and its importance in the decision-making process in the context of social reality and social norms that comprise it (Bicchieri, 2006, 2016; Bicchieri et al., 2018). The paper analyses the idea of “what is normal” (Haslanger, 2014) to show how social norms are triggered by particular generic constructions relating to “social kinds”, represented by noun phrases denoting “dual character concepts” (Knobe et al., 2013; Prasada et al., 2013; Leslie, 2015). DCCs are shown as effectively serving their persuasive and explanatory function due to their polysemous nature (Leslie, 2015) rather than to different pragmatics (Leslie, forthcoming). Special focus is placed on gender terms as particularly salient social kinds; this salience can be explained by a culturally pivotal role of social constructs of manhood and womanhood and by linguistic potential of generics in the development of social beliefs and legitimizing norm-driven behaviours.
Inconsistencies in Temporal Metaphors: Is Time a Phenomenon of the Third Kind?
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of inconsistencies in the metaphorical conceptualizations of time that involve motion within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). It demonstrates that the TIME AS A PURSUER metaphor contrasts with the reverse variant TIME AS AN OBJECT OF PURSUIT, just as the MOVING TIME metaphor contrasts with the MOVING OBSERVER variant. Such metaphorical conceptualizations of time functioning as pairs of minimally differing variants based on Figure-Ground reversal are, strictly speaking, inconsistent with one another. Looking at these inconsistencies from a wider perspective suggests that time may belong to a separate category of conceptual phenomena. This paper puts forward a proposal to approach time from the perspective of “phenomena of the third kind”, which according to Keller’s thesis include conceptual establishments resulting from human cognition, but not of human design.
Decision Tree Method Using for Fetal State Classification from Cardiotography Data
Authors: Arif Md Zannatul , Ahmed Rahate , Sadia Umma Habiba , Tultul Mst Shanta Islam , Chakma Rocky 
Published: March 2020

The motive of the investigation is analyzing the categorization of fetal state code from the Cardiographic data set based on decision tree method. Cardiotocography is one of the important tools for monitoring heart rate, and this technique is widely used worldwide. Cardiotocography is applied for diagnosing pregnancy and checking fetal heart rate state condition until before delivery. This classification is necessary to predict fetal heart rate situation which is belonging. In this paper, we are using three input attributes of training data set quoted by LB, AC, and FM to categorize as normal, suspect or pathological where NSPF variable is used as a response variable. After drawing necessary analysis into three variables we get the 19 nodes of classification tree and also we have measured every single node according to statistic, criterion, weights, and values. The Cardiotocography Dataset applied in this study is received from UCI Machine Learning Repository. The dataset contains 2126 observation instances with 22 attributes. In this experiment, the highest accuracy is 98.7%. Overall, the experimental results proved the viability of Classification and Regression Trees and its potential for further predictions.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Validasi Metode MPM untuk Penentuan Kandungan Antioksidan dalam Sampel Herbal serta Perbandingannya dengan Metode PM, FRAP dan DPPH
Authors: Yefrida Yefrida , Suyani Hamzar , Aziz Hermansyah , Efdi Mai 
Published: March 2020

The Modified Phenanthroline Method (MPM) has been validated for determination of antioxidant content in herb samples. Validation was done using Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) and percentage of recovery. The RSD and percentage of recovery for herb samples are 3.13% and 98.6%, respectively. Based on these values, MPM method is valid for determining antioxidant content in herb samples. T test shows no significant differences of antioxidant content using any of these methods, MPM, PM, FRAP or DPPH, at a 95% confidence level. MPM method shows a very strong correlation with PM and FRAP method.Â While with DPPH and TPC shows is strong.
Kualitas Minyak Blend Kelapa Kopra dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit ditinjau dari Kadar Air, Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas dan Bilangan Peroksida
Authors: Febliza Asyti , Okatariani Oktariani , Putri Aisyah Meisya 
Published: March 2020

This research examined the quality of edible oil from Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) and Palm Coconut Oil (PCO) and their blends with CCO : PCO proportional was about 40:60 and 60:40, respectively. The quality of these samples was based on water proportion, free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) contained. This study was conducted to improve the quality of edible oil. SNI 3741-2013 was used as method of this research, which the result compared with the SNI standard for edible oil. Results of this research for water proportion in oil samples PCO, CCO, CCO (40) : PCO (60) and CCO (60):PCOÂ (40)Â inÂ orderÂ wereÂ 0.000122; 0.010905; 0.001878; 0.030996. The FFA proportions for them were 0.02; 0.01; 0.02; 0.02 and PV values were 7.10; 3.00; 6.10; 5.10, respectively. From this result, we can conclude that all samples had good quality for water proportion and FFA, except for peroxide value (PV) mark which had the higher mark compared to the SNI standard. We also concluded that CCO became the best quality of edible oil compared to others.Â
The Populist Tendency in Shi’a Islam
Authors: Al-Neimat Amal Abdullah , Al-Hatimi Ali Miqdadi 
Published: March 2020

تتناول هذه الدِّراسة مسالة الشُّعُوْبيَّة : مفهومها وحقيقتها، ومدى تأثيرهافي الإسلام الشِّيعي قديماً وحديثًا. وممَّا تقرَّر في النَّتائج أنَّ الشُّعُوْبيَّة متأصِّلة في الإسلام الشِّيعي ؛ بل أصبحت من ركائز فقه الشِّيعة و تعاملهم مع نصوص الشَّريعة ومع الأخر. فكان الشَّيعة علي مدى التَّاريخ أداة للشُّعوبيَّة وخنجراً مسموماً في خاصرة الأمَّتين العربيَّة والإسلاميَّة وهم ماضون في عدائهم للدِّين والأمَّة والواقع يشهد بممارساتهم في إيران والعراق واليمن والشَّام وعيونهم تتوق إلى كلِّ الدُّول العربيَّة والإسلاميَّة لزرع الفتن وخلق القلاقل أملا ًفي إعادة أمجاد الدَّولة الفارسيَّة من خلال تصدير الإسلام الشِّيعي الإمامي ...
هذا وقد اتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي ؛وذلك من خلال عرض المفاهيم المتعلِّقة بالدِّراسة، والمنهج الاستقرائي ؛من خلال تتبُّع ماذكره العلماء والمفكِّرون حول هذه المسألة وخصوصاً المصادر والمراجع الشِّيعيَّة ،إضافةً إلى المنهج الاستنتاجي...
Cone-beam computed tomography-based quantitative analysis of the thickness of mandibular alveolar bone in adult females with different vertical facial patterns
Authors: Sakaguchi-Kuma Tomomi , Ishida Yuji , Oishi Shuji , Kurabayashi Tohru , Ono Takashi 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to investigate the relationship between the thicknesses of the mandibular alveolar bone in the incisor, canine, premolar, and molar areas in adult female patients with different vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
CBCT images of 50 adult female patients before orthodontic treatment were analyzed. Based on the mandibular plane angle, they were divided into three groups: Low, average, and high-angle. The thicknesses of the alveolar and cancellous bones of the mandible were measured at the apices of the incisor, canine, first premolar, and first molar on both sides.

Results:
The thicknesses of the alveolar and cancellous bones were significantly larger in the low-angle group than in the high-angle group in all areas. At the incisal and canine areas, the thicknesses of the alveolar and cancellous bones were significantly larger in the average angle group than in the high-angle group. In the canine and first premolar areas, the thickness of the alveolar bone was larger in the low-angle group than in the average angle group.

Conclusions:
Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in the width of the mandibular alveolar bone, especially in the incisor and canine areas. For planning labiobuccal movement in mandibular canines and incisors, information about the mandibular morphology is thought to be important, particularly in high-angle cases.
Synthesis, Identification and Biological Activity of New Heterocyclic Compounds from Reaction of New Schiff-Bases with Phathalic Anhydride
Authors: Dawood Alya A. , Mmohammed Shireen R. , Mahmoud Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

Series of new Schiff bases and their derivatives (Oxazepine) have been synthesized during two steps. The first step synthesis of imines derivatives (1-10) by the condensation reaction of 1, 7-diaminohepatane and 1,8-diaminooctane with different substituted aromatic aldehydes by using glacial acetic acid as catalyst. The second step includes reaction of the prepared Schiff bases derivatives with phathalic anhydride in dry benzene to obtain seven-membered heterocyclic ring derivatives (11-15). The biological activities of some prepared compounds were also studied against different kinds of bacteria. The new derivatives were confirmed by suing a range of experimental techniques including 1HNMR, 13C NMR, IR and Mass spectra.
A Studying the Possibility of Estimating Soil Organic Carbon of Soils Under PINUS BRUTIA and QUERCUS AEGILOPS L. Trees in Sarke-Duhok By Using ASD FieldSpec 3 Spectroradiometer
Authors: Gravi Kamiran A.M. , Ibrahim Salah Matii 
Published: March 2020

Visible and Near-infrared (VNIRS) spectroscopy is a very fast non-destructive and environmentally friendly analytical technique. It has been suggested as an alternative to conventional methods for assessing and monitoring soil quality. Accurate VNIRS prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been reported by many researchers in different world regions. Sixteen surface soil samples (0-30cm depth) from Sarke - Duhok were collected, eight samples under Zawita Pine (Pinus brutia) and the other eight-under oak (Quercus aegilops L.) trees. Soil colour was measured in the field and soil samples were air-dried and sieved by using a 2.0 mm sieve and analyzed in the laboratory to estimate the PH, EC, CaCo3, texture, and SOC according to Walkley and Black methods. Laboratory reflectance spectra were acquired for each sample from 350 to 2500 nm by using the Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) FieldSpec 3spectroradiometer for each of the different spectrum bands (410, 570, 660, 849, 1543 and 2187nm). Results showed that the reflectivity values of soil under both Oak and Pine trees in the IR region (849, 1543, 2187nm) were almost more than that at the visible portion (410,570, 660nm). Also, the determination coefficient (R2) results indicated that the bands 570, 1543 and 2187nm showed significant relationships between soil reflectivity and SOC% under Oak trees, R2 was 58.2 %, 89.9%, and 93.9% respectively. While under the Pine tree, the only band that showed a significant relationship was band 1543nm, its R2 was 58.3%. From the current results, as the main objectives, it is obvious that the ASD FieldSpec 3 spectroradiometer is quite an efficient and un-destructive tool that can be used for SOC estimation under Oak & pine trees especially at the IR spectrum (band 1543nm). The relationship between the variables was moderately strong; R2 was 89.88 and 58.3 alternatively. The standard error was low (0.0399, 0.0185), which indicates that the predicted values are close to the real values. Besides that, under Oak trees results indicated that there was a high R2 between the variables at bands 570 & 2187 nm, the R2 values were 58.21 and 93.92, alternatively.