bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairments of auditory scene analysis in posterior cortical atrophy
Authors: Hardy Chris J D , Yong Keir X X , Goll Johanna C , Crutch Sebastian J , Warren Jason D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although posterior cortical atrophy is often regarded as the canonical ‘visual dementia’, auditory symptoms may also be salient in this disorder. Patients often report particular difficulty hearing in busy environments; however, the core cognitive process—parsing of the auditory environment (‘auditory scene analysis’)—has been poorly characterized. In this cross-sectional study, we used customized perceptual tasks to assess two generic cognitive operations underpinning auditory scene analysis—sound source segregation and sound event grouping—in a cohort of 21 patients with posterior cortical atrophy, referenced to 15 healthy age-matched individuals and 21 patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease. After adjusting for peripheral hearing function and performance on control tasks assessing perceptual and executive response demands, patients with posterior cortical atrophy performed significantly worse on both auditory scene analysis tasks relative to healthy controls and patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease (all P &lt; 0.05). Our findings provide further evidence of central auditory dysfunction in posterior cortical atrophy, with implications for our pathophysiological understanding of Alzheimer syndromes as well as clinical diagnosis and management.
Genetic Deletion of TrpV1 and TrpA1 Does Not Alter Avoidance of or Patterns of Brainstem Activation to Citric Acid in Mice
Authors: Yu Tian , Wilson Courtney E , Stratford Jennifer M , Finger Thomas E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Exposure of the oral cavity to acidic solutions evokes not only a sensation of sour, but also of sharp or tangy. Acidic substances potentially stimulate both taste buds and acid-sensitive mucosal free nerve endings. Mice lacking taste function (P2X2/P2X3 double-KO mice) refuse acidic solutions similar to wildtype (WT) mice and intraoral infusion of acidic solutions in these KO animals evokes substantial c-Fos activity within orosensory trigeminal nuclei as well as of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) (Stratford, Thompson, et al. 2017). This residual acid-evoked, non-taste activity includes areas that receive inputs from trigeminal and glossopharyngeal peptidergic (CGRP-containing) nerve fibers that express TrpA1 and TrpV1 both of which are activated by low pH. We compared avoidance responses in WT and TrpA1/V1 double-KO (TRPA1/V1Dbl−/−) mice in brief-access behavioral assay (lickometer) to 1, 3, 10, and 30 mM citric acid, along with 100 µM SC45647 and H2O. Both WT and TRPA1/V1Dbl−/− show similar avoidance, including to higher concentrations of citric acid (10 and 30 mM; pH 2.62 and pH 2.36, respectively), indicating that neither TrpA1 nor TrpV1 is necessary for the acid-avoidance behavior in animals with an intact taste system. Similarly, induction of c-Fos in the nTS and dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus was similar in the WT and TRPA1/V1Dbl−/− animals. Taken together these results suggest non-TrpV1 and non-TrpA1 receptors underlie the residual responses to acids in mice lacking taste function.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell type- and artery type-specific vascular remodelling in male spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cheng Jun , Gu Wenduo , Lan Ting , Deng Jiacheng , Ni Zhichao , Zhang Zhongyi , Hu Yanhua , Sun Xiaolei , Yang Yan , Xu Qingbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized yet. We described systematic vascular remodelling, especially the artery type- and cell type-specific changes, in hypertension using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Methods and results
Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to depict the cell atlas of mesenteric artery (MA) and aortic artery (AA) from SHRs. More than 20 000 cells were included in the analysis. The number of immune cells more than doubled in aortic aorta in SHRs compared to Wistar Kyoto controls, whereas an expansion of MA mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was observed in SHRs. Comparison of corresponding artery types and cell types identified in integrated datasets unravels dysregulated genes specific for artery types and cell types. Intersection of dysregulated genes with curated gene sets including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), receptors, etc. revealed vascular remodelling events involving cell–cell interaction and ECM re-organization. Particularly, AA remodelling encompasses upregulated cytokine genes in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and especially MSCs, whereas in MA, change of genes involving the contractile machinery and downregulation of ECM-related genes were more prominent. Macrophages and T cells within the aorta demonstrated significant dysregulation of cellular interaction with vascular cells.

Conclusion
Our findings provide the first cell landscape of resistant and conductive arteries in hypertensive animal models. Moreover, it also offers a systematic characterization of the dysregulated gene profiles with unbiased, artery type-specific and cell type-specific manners during hypertensive vascular remodelling.
Social Status Concerns and the Political Economy of Publicly Provided Private Goods
Authors: Friedrichsen Jana , König Tobias , Lausen Tobias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We analyse the political economy of the public provision of private goods when individuals care about their social status. Status concerns motivate richer individuals to vote for the public provision of goods they themselves buy in markets: a higher provision level attracts more individuals to the public sector, enhancing the social exclusivity of market purchases. Majority voting may lead to a public provision that only a minority of citizens use. Users in the public sector may enjoy better provision than users in the private system. We characterise the coalitions that can prevail in a political equilibrium.
P518Inappropriate shocks in atrial fibrillation patients: are they really deleterious?
Authors: Marinheiro R , Parreira L , Amador P , Mesquita D , Farinha J , Fonseca M , Esteves A , Ferreira J , Lopes C , Caria R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Data suggest inappropriate defibrillator shocks are associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, particularly those delivered for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of inappropriate shocks has not been studied specifically in a population with AF.

Aims
to determine if AF-triggered inappropriate shocks are associated with long- term mortality in patients with AF and defibrillators implanted for primary prevention.

Methods
Retrospective single-center study. We analyzed all patients with defibrillators implanted for primary prevention in whom AF was diagnosed until the end of 2017. The cause of inappropriate shocks was evaluated by analysis of the stored intracardiac electrogram. Basal characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricle ejection fraction, heart failure etiology (ischemic and non-ischemic), kidney function (creatinine) and medication were evaluated. Death was assessed during the follow-up.

Results
We studied 177 patients [median age 66 years (IQR 59-71); 82% male], with defibrillators and AF. AF was diagnosed before defibrillator implantation in 131 patients (74%) and after the implantation in the remaining 46 (26%). Inappropriate shocks occurred in 31 patients and 24 (14%) were caused by AF with rapid ventricular response: 13 patients with previously diagnosed AF and 11 with new-onset AF. During a median follow-up of 65 (IQR: 36-104) months, 74 patients died. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis demonstrated inappropriate shocks caused by AF were not independently related with death (adjusted HR 0.53; CI 0.23-1.23, p = 0.14). Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated patients with AF-triggered inappropriate shocks had a better survival comparing to those with AF but without inappropriate shocks (logrank, p = 0.03) (figure).

Conclusions
In this group of AF patients, inappropriate shocks caused by AF did not increase the risk of death. Instead, these patients had a better survival comparing to those with AF but no shocks, probably due to a re-evaluation of the patient´s status and subsequent closer medical monitoring, strictly control of symptoms and optimization of drug treatment. These results demonstrate that inappropriate shocks are probably not deleterious per si through a direct mechanism.
Abstract Figure. Kaplan-Meier survival curve
P543Cardiac resynchronization therapy in left ventricular non-compaction: long-term results in a series of 40 patients
Authors: Radu D A , Iorgulescu C N , Bogdan S N , Deaconu A I , Badiul A , Cojocaru C , Vatasescu R G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a structural cardiomyopathy (SC) with a high probability of LV systolic dysfunction. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) frequently occurs in SCs.

Purpose
We sought to analyse the evolution of LVNC-CRT (LC) patients in general and compare it with the non-LVNC-CRT group (nLC).

Methods
We analysed 40 patients with contrast-MRI documented LVNC (concomitant positive Petersen and Jacquier criteria) implanted with CRT devices in CEHB. The follow-up included 7 hospital visits for each patient (between baseline and 3 years). Demographics, risk factors, usual serum levels, pre-procedural planning factors, clinical, ECG, TTE and biochemical markers were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using software. Notable differences were reported as either p-values from crosstabs (discrete) or mean differences, p-values and confidence intervals from t-tests (continuous). A p-value of .05 was chosen for statistical significance (SS).

Results
Subjects in LC were younger (-7.52 ys; &lt;.000; (-3.617;-11.440)), with no sex predominance, more obese (45.9 vs. 28.3%; &lt;0.24) and had less ischaemic disease (17.9 vs. 39.7%; &lt;.007). LC implants were usually CRT-Ds (91 vs. 49.5%; &lt;.000) and more frequently MPP-ready (35.8 vs. 8.4%; &lt;.000). At baseline, sinus rhythm was predominant in LC (97.4 vs. 79.8%; &lt;.007) and permitted frequent use of optimal fusion CRT (75.5 vs. 46.6%; &lt;.002). Although initial LVEFs were similar, LCs had much larger EDVs (+48.91 ml; &lt;.020; (+7.705;+90.124)) and ESVs (+34.91; &lt;.05; (+1.657;+71.478)). After an initial encouraging ⁓ 1 year evolution the LC-CRT group crashed its performance in terms of both LVEF and volumes. Thus, at 1 year follow-up, when compared to nLCs, LVEFs were far lower (-22.02%; &lt;.000; (-32.29;-11.76)) while EDVs and ESVs much higher – (+70.8 ml; &lt;.037; (+49.27;+ 189.65)) and (+100.13; &lt;.039; (+5.25;+195)) respectively – in LCs in spite of similarly corrected dyssynchrony. The mean mitral regurgitation (MR) degree at 1 year was much higher in LCs (+1.8 classes; &lt;.002; (+0.69;+2.97)) certainly contributing to the poor results. The cumulated super-responder/responder (SR/R) rates were constantly lower and decreasing at both 1 year (37.5 vs. 72.4; &lt;.040) and 2 years of follow-up (10.1 vs. 80%; NS).

Conclusions
CRT candidates with LVNC are significantly more severe at the time of implant. After an initial short-term improvement (probably due to acute correction of dyssynchrony) most patients fail to respond in the long term. Severe dilation with important secondary MR probably plays an important role.
P1004Atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction : a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Grigoryan S , Hazarapetyan L G , Ter-Markaryan A A , Drampyan M F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently complicates acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality, particularly in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI. In this clinical setting the occurrence of AF is of particular importance since irregular ventricular rates during AF may cause further impairment of the coronary circulation and left ventricular function in addition to the adverse consequences of neuro-hormonal activation. However, incidence and risk factors contributing to the occurrence of AF in AMI are still not well-known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively some risk factors contributing the incidence of AF in the setting of AMI.

Methods
This was a three-center prospective study, conducted in the coronary care unit of our medical center during the period of January 2017 to June 2018. This study included 976 patients with acute MI of different localization. AF was found in 82 patients of whom 68 experienced this arrhythmia anew. Onset, duration and mode of termination of AF, clinical and risk factors associated with its presentation and its relation with patient outcome were evaluated. Anamnesis, clinical and functional state of the heart (according to the results of instrumental and laboratory data) was studied in all patients. The data was analyzed for statistical significance using multivariate analyses by SPSS 16.

Results
The obtained results showed that in acute MI AF was registered in 9.4% of patients, among which new episodes of AF have been identified in 82.9% of patients. All the patients who developed AF after AMI were more than 60 years of age. Moreover, 68% of patients with AF have arterial hypertension, 27% - diabetes mellitus and 67% patients have higher heart rate. There is a relationship between developed AF and other supraventricular arrhythmias in the past history. In 62% of patients with AF, anterior MI was detected and accompanied by more severe hemodynamic disorders. Multivariate analyses showed that AF correlated weakly with age (r = 0.249) and strongly with left atrial diameter (r = 0.478) and left ventricular dysfunction (r = 0.419) especially with higher Killip class.

Conclusions
The results of the present study revealed that in the presence of identified certain risk factors in patients with acute MI, AF may develop. There is the link between identified risk factors and the occurrence of AF
63Effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and detraining on exercise capacity and cardiac function in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up
Authors: Kim S , Han D , Lee S , Wee S , Oh M , Jeong I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
We aimed to determine whether maximal exercise capacity, left ventricular function, and quality of life (QoL) scores are sustained in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after termination of training following exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR).

Methods
In a prospective study, 58 patients with AF (age, 62 ± 7 years) were randomized into an exercise training group for 12 months (ECR, n = 13), a group with 6-month detraining after a 6-month exercise training (DT, n = 15), and a medical treatment only group (MT, n = 30). For exercise training, cycling on a bicycle ergometer was performed in the DT and ECR groups 3 times a week for 6 and 12 months, respectively. Each session started with a 10-minute warm-up at 60%–70% of the maximal heart rate (HRpeak), followed by four 4-minute intervals at 80%–90% of the HRpeak, with 3 minutes of active recovery at 60%–70% of the HRpeak between intervals, ending with a 5-minute cool-down period. Peak exercise oxygen consumption (Vo2), left ventricular function, plasma lipid level, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide level, and QoL score were measured at baseline, after 6 months of training, and after additional 6 months of continuous training or detraining follow-up assessments.

Results
Six months of exercise training increased the peak Vo2 (ECR: 28.2 ± 7.0 ml/[kg·min] and DT: 28.0 ± 8.3 ml/[kg·min] vs. MT: 23.0 ± 5.2 ml/[kg·min], p= 0.047) and QoL scores (36-Item Short-form Health Survey) and decreased the total cholesterol level (ECR: 146.8 ± 43.8 mg/dl and DT: 140.6 ± 22.4 vs. MT: 182 ± 44.2 mg/dl, p = 0.008). Detraining resulted in an increase in QoL score and a decrease in total cholesterol level (ECR: 142.8 ± 21.4 mg/dl and DT: 151.8 ± 39.8 vs. MT: 176.8 ± 34.2 mg/dl, p = 0.017). However, the exercise training-induced increase in peak Vo2 reverted to the baseline level after detraining (ECR: 27.1 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min vs. DT: 24.4 ± 7.2 ml/[kg·min] and MT: 21.5 ± 4.86 ml/[kg·min], p = 0.017). The resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were not significantly different, with no inter-group difference after 6 months of training and 6 months of continuous training or detraining.

Conclusions
As the QoL scores are maintained despite peak Vo2 being lowered by detraining after an exercise training period in patients with AF, physicians should encourage patients’ participation in a continuous exercise program to sustain the improvement in both the QoL score and peak Vo2 with exercise training. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to observe the long-term effects of exercise training and detraining.
P425Single procedure pace and ablate. evaluation of efficacy and safety comparing three different vascular routes
Authors: Abbas M , Whittaker L , Chapman M , Thornley A R , Towmey D , James S , Bates M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
No financial support for this study

Introduction
Permanent pacemaker implantation combined with AVN ablation is a well-established treatment for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to medical therapy. At the same sitting, this has been achieved in a single procedure via the subclavian vein (SCV) for both pacemaker implantation and AVN ablation, by pacemaker implantation via the SCV with femoral access for AVN ablation or by using the femoral vein (FV) for leadless pacemaker implantation and AVN ablation with a coaxial single-puncture technique.
We evaluated all combined procedures (pacemaker implantation and AVN ablation at the same sitting) performed in a single centre over 9 years comparing clinical outcomes, complications rates and procedure times.
Statistical methods:
Continuous variables are described as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and statistical differences between groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. A X2 test was used for categorical variables, with Fisher’s exact test for any field where the expected frequency was ≤5 with pvalue &lt; 0.05 considered as statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software package.

Results

141 patients underwent AVN ablation at our institution as part of a ‘pace and ablate’ single procedure strategy between 14/2/11 and 10/6/19. 61 patients had a combined procedure via the SCV, 66 patients had pacemaker implanted via the SCV and AVN ablation via the FV in the same sitting and 14 patients had leadless pacemaker (Micra) implantation and AVN ablation via the FV. Our findings suggest that the fluoroscopy time as well as the total catheter laboratory time were much less in the Micra group compared to the other groups. In the conventional pacemaker groups (group 1 and 2), the fluoroscopy time was not statistically different between the two. There was a trend towards acute procedural failure, switching to another access as well as a higher complication rate in the SCV group, however this has not reached statistical significance.

Conclusion

Our early data suggests that pacemaker implantation and AVN ablation with a coaxial single femoral vein puncture technique is safe and takes less fluoroscopy time as well as total laboratory time.
Procedural outcomes All (n = 141) Group 1: SCV (n = 61) Group 2: FV (n = 66) Group 3: Micra (n = 14) P-value Total cath-lab time (mins) 113.1 ± 40.4 106.2 ± 37.2 125.7 ± 42.5 86.9 ± 23.1 0.001 Total fluoroscopy time (mins) 8.8 ± 7.6 11 ± 7.8 7.7 ± 7.6 4.5 ± 3 0.0001 Acute procedural failure, n (%) 9 (6.4) 7 (11.5) 2 (3) 0 (0) **0.6 Complications, n (%) 7 (4.9) 5 (8.2) 2 (3) 0 (0) **0.62 **Fisher"s exact test applied to analysis of Micra VS Other methods
P1080Magnetic resonance imaging after electrical cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation in anticoagulant-naive patients - a study exploring clinically silent cerebral lesions
Authors: Arvanitis P , Johansson A K , Frick M , Malmborg H , Larsson E M , Blomstrom Lundqvist C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Unrestricted grants from the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, Correvio International Sárl (CH) and Selanders stiftelse

Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a high incidence of cognitive impairment, which may be related to clinically silent microembolism causing cerebral infarctions.

Purpose
To explore the occurrence and timing of silent brain lesions following electrical cardioversion (CV) of recent onset AF in anticoagulant-naïve patients and to further study related effects on cognitive function and biomarkers of cerebral damage, S100b.

Methods
Patients with AF duration &lt; 48 hours were prospectively included. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and S100b, were obtained prior, after and 7-10 days following CV. Trail making tests (TMT-A and TMT-B) and their difference, ΔΤΜΤ, were assessed prior to CV, 7-10 days and 30 days after CV.

Results
Forty-three patients (84% males) with mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 0.6 ± 0.7 were included. Sequential MRI, including diffusion weighted scans, showed no new brain lesions after CV.
Chronic white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were present at baseline in 21/43 (49%) patients. By partitioning the study population into four major groups according to the extend of WMH (Fazekas score 0 or ≥ 1) and the presence or absence of TE risk factors (CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 or ≥ 1), the TE risk as defined by CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 1, was associated with a higher incidence of WMH, Pearson χ2(1,N = 43)=3.95, p = 0.047.
The S100b (µg/l) levels increased significantly from baseline, (mean ± SD) 0.0472 ± 0.0182 to 0.0551 ± 0.0185 after CV, p = 0.001 and then decreased 7-10 days after CV to 0.0450 ± 0.0186, p &lt; 0.001. Subgroup analysis according to the presence of at least one TE risk factor as defined by CHA2DS2-VASc score showed that statistical significance of repeated measures ANOVA was maintained; for patients with no risk factors F (2,30)=12.59, p &lt; 0.001 and for patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1 F(2,36)=4.43, p &lt; 0.019.
Consecutive TMT scores improved successively after CV, being statistically and clinically significant for TMT-B (p &lt; 0.01) and ΔΤΜΤ (p = 0.005) between 7-10 days and 30 days after CV (Reliable Change Index &gt;1.96).

Conclusion
New brain lesions could not be detected on MRI after CV, but the high incidence of white matter hyperintensities and the transient increase in S100b may indicate transient or minor brain damage undetectable by MRI thus heightening the need to reevaluate thromboembolic risk prior to CV even in low risk patients.
Abstract Figure. S100b_TMT