bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance learning during social seclusion by COVID‐19: Improving the quality of life of undergraduate dentistry students
Authors: Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , de Oliveira Carlos Alysson Lima , Borges Marcela Maria Fontes , Moreira Danna Mota , Alencar Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa , Avelar Rafael Linard , Bitu Sousa Renata Mota Rodrigues , Sousa Fabrício Bitu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation is ongoing worldwide with the aim to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, social isolation leads to significant psycho‐emotional changes. This study aimed to assess the effect of distance education (DE) activities implemented due to social isolation, on the quality of life of undergraduate dentistry students.MethodAn e‐questionnaire (Google Forms®) was administered to identify specific DE activities after social isolation and included the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)‐Bref questionnaire. The e‐questionnaire was sent 14 days after the initiation of social isolation, remaining available for 48 hours. Cronbach's alpha and the means of the quality‐of‐life domains were calculated and analysed using the Friedman/Dunn and Spearman's correlation tests. After ranking, chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests plus multinomial logistic regression were performed (SPSS, P < .05).ResultThere was an excellent internal consistency of WHOQOL‐Bref (α = 0.916), and the mean quality of life (0‐100) was 70.66 ± 12.61. The psychological domain was the most affected (P < .001). The social domain exhibited the weakest correlation with overall quality of life (P < .001, r = 0.688). The use of the Internet, cell phones and streaming media increased, although all students had DE activities. In the multivariate analysis, attending virtual meetings (P = .028) and performing DE activities in an office/study room (P = .034) were significantly associated with good quality of life.ConclusionFacing social isolation never previously experienced by this generation, undergraduate dentistry students are at risk of reduced quality of life. Therefore, performing DE activities through devices with teacher‐student interaction is a key coping tool.
Patient safety culture amongst dental students and interns in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlOlayan Reem , Alahmad Albandri , Buali Danah , Alonaizan Faisal , Alhareky Muhanad , Alhumaid Jehan , Nazir Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate awareness and attitudes of dental students and interns about patient safety culture in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 272 undergraduate dental students and interns using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) from November 2019 to January 2020. The SAQ consists of six domains: teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management and work conditions. The score of SAQ ranges from 0 to 100, and a cut‐off ≥75 is considered a positive attitude of patient safety.ResultsThe study included 47.1% of males and 52.9% of females with a mean age of 22.58 ± 1.3 years. Few participants (9.9%) showed a positive attitude of patient safety culture. Nearly one‐third of participants (35.7%) attended a course on patient safety and 31.6% reported experiencing adverse events by them or their families. Out of six domains, job satisfaction showed the highest mean score (70.25) and 75.4% of participants felt proud to practise in the dental clinic. Female students demonstrated a significantly higher mean score of stress recognition (64.28 ± 18.98) than male students (56.98 ± 22.53) (P 0.004). The mean SAQ score increased significantly from fourth year students to interns (P < .001).ConclusionsA small percentage of students demonstrated a positive attitude of patient safety and only one‐third attended a patient safety course. The job satisfaction domain was highly rated and patient safety culture significantly improved from junior to senior students. Dental curricula should include patient safety courses to improve the quality and safety of patient care.
Postinjury weight rather than cognitive or behavioral impairment predicts development of posttraumatic epilepsy after lateral fluid‐percussion injury in rats
Authors: Lapinlampi Niina , Andrade Pedro , Paananen Tomi , Hämäläinen Elina , Ekolle Ndode‐Ekane Xavier , Puhakka Noora , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify postinjury physiologic, behavioral, and cognitive biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy to enrich study populations for long‐term antiepileptogenesis studies.MethodsThe EPITARGET cohort with behavioral follow‐up and 1‐month 24/7 video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) monitoring included 115 adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats with lateral fluid‐percussion–induced traumatic brain injury (TBI), 23 sham‐operated controls, and 13 naive rats. Animals underwent assessment of somatomotor performance (composite neuroscore), anxiety‐like behavior (elevated plus maze, open field), spatial memory (Morris water maze), and depression‐like behavior (Porsolt forced swim, sucrose preference). Impact force, postimpact apnea time, postimpact seizure‐like behavior, and body weight were monitored.ResultsTBI rats were impaired in the composite neuroscore (P < .001) on days (D) 2‐14 and in the spatial memory test (P < .001) on D35‐39 post‐TBI. Differences in the elevated plus‐maze (D28 and D126) and in the open field (D29 and D127) between TBI rats and controls were meager. No differences were observed in the Porsolt forced swim and sucrose preference tests as compared with sham‐operated controls. Epilepsy developed in 27% of rats by the end of the sixth month. None of the behavioral or cognitive outcome measures discriminated rats with or without epilepsy. The receiver‐operating characteristic analysis indicated that a decrease in body weight between D0 and D4 differentiated TBI rats with epilepsy from TBI rats without epilepsy (48% sensitivity, 83% specificity, area under the curve [AUC] 0.679, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.56‐0.80, P < .01). A 16% body weight decrease during D0‐D4 could be used as a biomarker to enrich the study population from 27% (observed) to 50%.SignificanceSingle behavioral and cognitive outcome measures showed no power as prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. A reduction in body weight during the first postinjury week showed some prognostic value for posttraumatic epileptogenesis and could serve as a subacute measure for selectively enriching the study population for long‐term preclinical biomarker and therapy discovery studies of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
CoGCN: Combining co‐attention with graph convolutional network for entity linking with knowledge graphs
Authors: Jia Ningning , Cheng Xiang , Su Sen , Ding Liyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEntity linking is a fundamental task in natural language processing. The task of entity linking with knowledge graphs aims at linking mentions in text to their correct entities in a knowledge graph like DBpedia or YAGO2. Most of existing methods rely on hand‐designed features to model the contexts of mentions and entities, which are sparse and hard to calibrate. In this paper, we present a neural model that first combines co‐attention mechanism with graph convolutional network for entity linking with knowledge graphs, which extracts features of mentions and entities from their contexts automatically. Specifically, given the context of a mention and one of its candidate entities' context, we introduce the co‐attention mechanism to learn the relatedness between the mention context and the candidate entity context, and build the mention representation in consideration of such relatedness. Moreover, we propose a context‐aware graph convolutional network for entity representation, which takes both the graph structure of the candidate entity and its relatedness with the mention context into consideration. Experimental results show that our model consistently outperforms the baseline methods on five widely used datasets.
Diverse phenotypic measurements of wellbeing: Heritability, temporal stability and the variance explained by polygenic scores
Authors: Jamshidi Javad , Williams Leanne M. , Schofield Peter R. , Park Haeme R. P. , Montalto Arthur , Chilver Miranda R. , Bryant Richard A. , Toma Claudio , Fullerton Janice M. , Gatt Justine M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWellbeing, a key aspect of mental health, is moderately heritable with varying estimates reported from independent studies employing a variety of instruments. Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the construction of polygenic scores (PGS) for wellbeing, providing the opportunity for direct comparisons of the variance explained by PGS for different instruments commonly employed in the field. Nine wellbeing measurements (multi‐item and single‐item), two personality domains (NEO‐FFI neuroticism and extraversion), plus the depression domain of the DASS‐42 were drawn from a larger self‐report battery applied to the TWIN‐E study—an Australian longitudinal twin cohort (N = 1660). Heritability was estimated using univariate twin modeling and 12‐month test–retest reliability was estimated using intra‐class correlation. PGS were constructed using wellbeing GWAS summary‐statistics from Baselmans et al. (Nat Genet. 2019), and the variance explained estimated using linear models. Last, a GWAS was performed using COMPAS‐W, a quantitative composite wellbeing measure, to explore its utility in genomic studies. Heritability estimates ranged from 23% to 47% across instruments, and multi‐item measures showed higher heritability and test–retest reliability than single‐item measures. The variance explained by PGS was ~0.5% to 1.5%, with considerable variation between measures, and within each measure over 12 months. Five loci with suggestive association (p < 1 × 10−5) were identified from this initial COMPAS‐W wellbeing GWAS. This work highlights the variability across measures currently employed in wellbeing research, with multi‐item and composite measures favored over single‐item measures. While wellbeing PGS are useful in a research setting, they explain little of the phenotypic variance, highlighting gaps for improved gene discovery.
Microalgal biofuels in China: The past, progress and prospects
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Xinyang , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobal efforts to develop renewable energy include a focus on biofuels, especially algal‐based biofuels. As the world's largest developing country, China is striving to develop a range of renewable energy sources. Here, we performed an informatics analysis to monitor the development of microalgal biofuels in China by analyzing energy policies related to microalgal biomass and biofuel production and funding inputs and scientific research projects in this field. China has already made substantial contributions to the microalgal biofuel industry worldwide. Despite recent declines in research and investment due to the overall economic environment, microalgal energy research and applications technologies have tremendous prospects. We summarize progress in research on microalgal biomass and biofuel production, focusing on microalgal culture patterns and the production of energy, including efforts in China to promote the industrialization of microalgal biofuels. Finally, we explore possible solutions to bottlenecks that must be overcome before microalgal biofuels can be widely used and discuss future prospects. In addition to serving as a theoretical reference for researchers and decision makers in China and beyond, the information presented in this review article can be used to guide the industrialization of microalgal‐based biofuel production.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) of the anorectum: evaluation of clinicopathological associations and the utility of a novel RNA in‐situ hybridisation stain
Authors: Waters Kevin M , Cox Brian K , Wong Mary T , Guindi Maha , Kim Stacey A , Larson Brent K , Morgan Margie , Voltaggio Lysandra , Balzer Bonnie L 
Published: August 2020

AimsRecent studies from multiple global regions have reported a resurgence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis, which is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). LGV proctitis is histologically indistinguishable from other forms of sexually transmitted proctitis and is difficult to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease. While immunohistochemical stains are available for syphilis, there is no commonly available stain for the tissue identification of CT.Materials and methodsFrom 200 positive CT nucleic acid tests (NAT) from anorectal swabs, we identified 12 patients with biopsies collected from the distal colorectum or anus within 90 days of the positive NAT. We collected basic demographic information and tabulated clinical and histological findings. We examined the performance of a novel RNA in‐situ hybridisation (ISH) stain targeting CT 23s rRNA on these 12 cases and 10 controls from the anorectum.ResultsAll 12 patients were male; nine were HIV+, two had concurrent gonococcal infection, one had concurrent syphilis and one had cytomegalovirus co‐infection. The majority of biopsies (11 of 12) showed mild or moderate acute inflammation, had a prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (eight of 11) and lacked marked crypt distortion (10 of 10). The RNA ISH stain was positive in 10 of 12 cases (sensitivity 83%). One case showed equivocal staining. No controls showed definitive positive staining (specificity 100%). One had equivocal staining.ConclusionOur series showed that anorectal LGV had similar histological findings to those of prior STI proctitis series predominantly comprised of syphilis. The novel RNA ISH stain was sensitive and specific and may show utility in differentiating types of STI proctitis.
A “Western Diet” promotes symptoms of hepatic steatosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cartland Siân P , Tamer Nicole , Patil Manisha S , Di Bartolo Belinda A , Kavurma Mary M 
Published: August 2020

SummarySystemic hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension also associates with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is becoming common due to a modern diet and lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a high‐fat "Western" diet had effects on hypertension and associated NAFLD. Normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were placed on a normal chow or high‐fat diet for 8 weeks; blood pressure was measured fortnightly and body weight recorded weekly. As expected, SHR had elevated blood pressure compared to WKY. Diet did not influence blood pressure. Compared to SHR, WKY rats gained more weight, associating with increased white adipose tissue weight. Normotensive rats also had higher plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in response to a “Western” diet, with no changes in plasma glucose levels. Neither strain developed atherosclerosis. Interestingly, high‐fat diet‐fed SHR had increased liver weight, associating with a significant level of hepatic lipid accumulation not observed in WKY. Further, they exhibited hepatocellular ballooning and increased hepatic inflammation, indicative of steatohepatitis. These findings suggest that a high‐fat “Western” diet promotes features of NAFLD in SHR, but not WKY rats. Importantly, the high‐fat diet had no effect on blood pressure.
Aging behavior of Y‐TZP with bioglass addition and its impact on the flexural strength and osteoblastic cell response
Authors: Soubelet Clara G. , Albano María P. , Zuardi Leonardo Raphael , Secco Martorano Antonio , de Castro‐Raucci Larissa Moreira Spinola , Tambasco de Oliveira Paulo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractY‐TZP containing Ca2P2O7 are promising bioceramics with potential applications in dental implants and dentistry. These ceramics were developed by the introduction of a refractory sol‐gel derived CaO‐P2O5‐SiO2 bioglass into Y‐TZP; Ca2P2O7, and ZrSiO4 phases were formed in situ after sintering. The aging process of Y‐TZP with different glass additions was studied. The effect of glass addition on the flexural strength and osteoblastic cell response of non‐aged and aged Y‐TZP was investigated. Y‐TZP exhibited the most pronounced tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m) transformation of zirconia (ZrO2) during aging; the addition of glass contents between 5 and 20 vol% improved the aging resistant of Y‐TZP. Y‐TZP flexural strength markedly decreased with increasing aging time; in contrast, the ceramics with glass did not alter their flexural strength upon aging. An increase in the Ca2P2O7 content with increasing glass up to 10 vol%, promoted both the cell viability and the osteogenic differentiation of UMR‐106 cells on non‐aged and aged samples. The high micro‐roughness of Y‐TZP with 20 vol% glass after aging, limited the proliferation and the osteogenic potential of the cultures. Y‐TZP with 10 vol% glass had the best combination of properties in terms of flexural strength and osteoblast cell response.
Cold atmospheric pressure (physical) plasma in dermatology: where are we today?
Authors: Friedman Peter C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCold atmospheric pressure plasma is physical plasma (essentially ionized gas) created at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and it has complex effects on cells, tissues, and living organisms. These effects are studied extensively for medical and dermatological use. This article reviews current achievements and new trends in clinical dermatological cold plasma research, discusses the basics of plasma physics and plasma engineering, and describes the most important areas of laboratory plasma research to provide a well‐rounded understanding of the nature, present applications, and future promise of this exciting, emerging technology.
Comparison of γ‐aminobutyric acid accumulation capability in different mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties under heat and relative humidity treatment, and its correlation with endogenous amino acids and polyamines
Authors: Ma Yuling , Tong Litao , Li Juan , Ashraf Jawad , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Bo , Liu Liya , Blecker Christophe , Zhou Sumei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this study, the accumulation of GABA and its inherent factors across different varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to heat and relative humidity (HRH) were investigated. Results showed the average GABA content in mung bean varieties was increased 7.52 times following HRH treatment, and the black mung bean variety (A8) exhibited the highest GABA accumulation capability (1.76–84.57 mg per 100 g DW). From the perspective of GABA shunt metabolites, the free glutamic acid content of mung beans significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment and presented a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content. In polyamine degradation pathway, although the average levels of spermine and spermidine of mung bean varieties significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment, no significant correlation with GABA content was identified. Hence, the GABA accumulation was predominantly attributed to GABA shunt. Besides, free amino acids including glutamic acid, serine, ornithine, arginine and glycine in mung beans showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content and increment following HRH treatment, which suggested that mung beans enriched in these free amino acids might accumulate higher amounts of GABA after HRH treatment and be useful for industrial applications.
Use of advertising strategies to target children in sugar‐sweetened beverages packaging in Mexico and the nutritional quality of those beverages
Authors: Cruz‐Casarrubias Carlos , Tolentino‐Mayo Lizbeth , Nieto Claudia , Théodore Florence L. , Monterrubio‐Flores Eric 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundA product package can be a powerful marketing tool to persuade and attract consumers at the point‐of‐sale. Evidence shows that most advertised products have low nutritional quality. Currently, Mexico has incorporated advertising regulations on food and beverage packaging.ObjectivesTo analyze the advertising strategies used to target children on packaging and to assess the nutritional quality of sugar‐sweetened beverages available in the Mexican market.MethodsPhotographs of 2380 beverages available in retail stores in Mexico City from January to March 2017 were analyzed. Beverages were classified as displaying child‐directed strategies or nondirected strategies. Nutrition quality was evaluated using the Pan American Health Organization nutrient profile model.ResultsThe use of characters was the most frequent strategy among beverages with child‐directed strategies (82.0%). The evaluation of nutrition quality found that 88.0% (P < .001) of sugar‐sweetened beverages with child‐directed strategies were excessive in free sugars and 56.9% (P < .001) contained other sweeteners. Beverages with more than two advertising strategies have the highest proportion of excessive free sugars (93.4%, 95% CI 82.8‐98.6).ConclusionsThe use of characters and other visual strategies were frequently used in the packaging of sugar‐sweetened beverages with child‐directed strategies. In addition, these beverages are excessive in free sugars and contain a large number of products with other sweeteners.
Patient experiences of pharmacist independent prescriber-led post-myocardial infarction left ventricular systolic dysfunction clinics
Authors: Speirits Iain A , Boyter Anne C , Dunlop Emma , Gray Kimberly , Moir Lynsey , Forsyth Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common following myocardial infarction (MI). Pharmacological management of secondary prevention is known to be sub-optimal. Integration of pharmacists into clinical teams improves prescribing and quantitative outcomes. Few data have been published on patient views of pharmacist input. We aimed to explore patient experiences of attending a dedicated pharmacist independent prescriber (PIP)-led clinic.

Methods
Semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Participants were aged ≥18 years with new incident MI and echocardiographically confirmed LVSD. Patients were recruited from three pharmacist-led clinics at point of clinic discharge. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was undertaken.

Key findings
Twelve patients were recruited, median age 67.5 years and ten male. Six core themes were identified: multidisciplinary working; satisfaction; confidence in the pharmacist; comparative care; prescribing behaviours; and monitoring. Pharmacist clinics complemented other established post-MI services, and participants perceived benefits obtained through effective inter-professional working. Participants welcomed dedicated appointment time, the opportunity to ask questions and address problems. Pharmacist explanations of condition and medicines, prescribing at the point of care and monitoring were beneficial and reduced patient stress.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a PIP-led post-MI LVSD clinic delivers a positive initial patient experience. More research is needed to understand the longer-term patient experiences, the impact of such models on medication taking behaviours and the experiences of carers and other members of the multidisciplinary team.