bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric approximations for global atmospheres on moderately oblate planets
Authors: Dubos Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCertain geometric approximations, such as the widely used traditional shallow‐atmosphere, spherical‐geoid (TSA‐SG) and deep‐atmosphere, spherical‐geoid (DA‐SG) approximations, boil down to the specification of a spatial metric tensor. In order to eliminate the leading‐order errors due to the SG and TSA approximations, a sequence of four geometric approximations of decreasing accuracy at high altitudes is obtained. Their Lagrangians possess a simple, closed‐form analytical expression. The approximations capture to leading order the oblateness of the planet, the widening of atmospheric columns with height, the horizontal and vertical variations of gravity, and the non‐traditional part of the Coriolis force. Furthermore, for the last two approximations, the horizontal metric is conformal (proportional) to the spherical metric, which may simplify analytical and numerical formulations of the equations of motion.
Deciphering the Influence of Alkylene Bridged and Chelating Mode on Pd—C and Pd—X (X = Cl, Br, and I) Bonding Interaction Within Bis‐(NHC)‐Palladium Complexes Using Quantum Chemistry Tools
Authors: D'Ambassa Gaël Mouzong , Ongagna Jean Moto , Adjieufack Abel Idrice , Leonie Djendo Mazia Suzane , Mama Désiré Bikele 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have explored the influence of alkylene‐bridged length and coordination mode on the reactivity of a series of 24 alkylene‐bridged palladium complexes using computational tools (B3PW91/LANL2DZ//6‐31G(d) level) in gas phase and DMSO. These palladium complexes prefer a boat and chair configuration for methylene and ethylene bridge length, respectively. In addition, phenyl and nitro complexes present a higher activation for Pd—C bonds while the most stable Pd⋯C interactions are observed for abnormal mode with methylene bridge. According to the energy decomposition analysis (EDA), hydrogen and phenyl complexes in both chelation modes present a better electrostatic character. Moreover, Pd⋯C interactions are stronger compared to the Pd⋯X ones for ethylene‐bridged abnormal complexes (in gas phase). Finally, the donation/back‐donation ratio (d/b) values reveal the Fischer carbene character of these [bis(NHC)]⋯[PdX2] interactions. Concerning the hybridization around the metal cation for the Pd—C bond, the sp2d type is observed for methylene‐bridged palladium complexes while the sp3 one is observed for ethylene bridge complexes.
Geopolitical risks and cryptocurrency returns
Authors: Yilmazkuday Hakan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines how global geopolitical risks, threats, and acts impact the daily returns of 10 major cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, USDT, XRP, BNB, USDC, BCH, DOGE, LTC, and ADA). The statistically significant results that are robust to the consideration of alternative model specifications and control variables suggest that there is strong evidence for (i) ETH, XRP, BNB and BCH responding negatively to the shocks of geopolitical risks, (ii) BTC, ETH, BNB, BCH, LTC and ADA responding negatively to the shocks of geopolitical threats, and (iii) all 10 cryptocurrencies not responding to the shocks of geopolitical acts. As these 10 cryptocurrencies do not respond positively to any of the three shocks in a robust and statistically significant way either, it is implied that none of them offer a reliable hedge against geopolitical risks.
A Kick in the Headwaters: Evaluating a Macroinvertebrate Sampling Method for Ecological Condition Monitoring in Small Streams
Authors: Stubbington Rachel , Longstaffe Oliver , Sarremejane Romain , Bates Phillipa , Gething Kieran J. , Jones J. Iwan , Kelly‐Quinn Mary , Laini Alex , Murray‐Bligh John , Rippon Lesley , Rouen Simon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSmall streams dominate river networks and collectively support high biodiversity, but are rarely included in regulatory biomonitoring programmes. Macroinvertebrate communities are effective biomonitors of ecological condition and are routinely collected using 3‐min ‘kick’ samples. However, this 3‐min duration may not be suitable for small streams, which typically support fewer taxa at lower densities than larger rivers of equivalent condition. We evaluated the kick‐sampling method at 30 sites representing a national small stream monitoring network. At each site, we collected three 5‐min kick samples in 10 0.5‐min component parts. We used the families collected in 15 min to represent ‘total’ site‐scale taxonomic richness, then determined the duration needed to sample ≥ 65% of these taxa (a method and target comparable to those used in larger rivers). We also determined the sampling duration at which an average score per taxon (ASPT) biomonitoring index stabilized. Considering all streams, on average, 2.5‐min durations captured ≥ 65% of taxa, but 3.5 min was required to reach this target in temporary streams, because numerous taxa occurred at low abundance. Only 54% of samples contained ≥ 65% of taxa after 2.5 min, compared to 70% after 3 min. In most streams, the ASPT stabilized after 2 min, whereas 3 min was required to meet this target in temporary streams. Considering the variation around any estimate of capture rates introduced by natural variability, taxonomic resolution and operator error, we suggest 3 min as the most robust sampling duration to enable condition monitoring in individual small streams and comparison with larger rivers.
Diglossic and Orthographic Features of Reading Comprehension in Standard Arabic: The Primacy of the Spoken Language
Authors: Saiegh‐Haddad Elinor , Schiff Rachel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of diglossic and orthographic features in reading comprehension in Arabic. Specifically, it probes the independent contribution of language, metalinguistic, and decoding skills in the spoken language and in Standard Arabic to reading comprehension in the abjad writing system of Arabic. A sample of 112 Palestinian Arabic native‐speaking third graders (mean age = 108.31 months) were tested on receptive vocabulary, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and word decoding independently in the spoken language and in the standard. Listening comprehension and reading comprehension in the standard were also tested, along with cognitive factors. Regression analysis showed that morphological awareness, receptive vocabulary and decoding accuracy and fluency in the spoken language predicted unique variance in reading comprehension in the standard beyond cognitive ability, with morphological awareness emerging as the strongest predictor. Only decoding accuracy in the standard predicted unique variance in reading comprehension beyond spoken language skills. Listening comprehension entered in the last block contributed a small unique variance. The results underscore the contribution of lexical, metalinguistic, and decoding skills for words within the spoken language to reading comprehension in Standard Arabic. Moreover, they underscore the unique contribution of morphological skills to reading comprehension in the Arabic abjad writing system. The results imply that not all of the reading comprehension difficulties that Arabic‐speaking children encounter are related to linguistic distance. Rather, some difficulties are grounded in difficulties with basic language, metalinguistic, and decoding skills for words within their spoken vernacular. The implications of these findings for literacy education in Arabic diglossia are discussed.
Base‐Promoted Diastereoselective Addition of 2‐Aryloxy‐2‐Fluoroketones to N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)Imines
Authors: Wang Ren‐Jie , Wei Jie , Jin Yi‐Hu , Xu Tiefeng , Zhang Youcan , Li Ya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe asymmetric construction of a quaternary fluorine‐containing stereogenic carboncenter is highly valuable for the development of fluoroine‐containing bioactive molecules. Herein, a base‐promoted, diastereoselective Mannich‐type reaction of 2‐aryloxy‐2‐fluoroketones with N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines has been developed. A number of the addition products featuring a fluorinated quaternary stereocarbon centre and a β‐fluoroamine structural motif have been readily obtained in good yields with moderate to good diastereoselectivities. The absolute configuration of the major diasteromer was determined by X‐ray crystallography analysis, and a closed transition‐state mode was proposed to explain the stereochemical outcome of this reaction. In addition, the addition product was efficiently converted into a α‑fluoro‐β‐amino alcohol through desulfinylation followed by reduction of the carbonyl group.
Innovative Applications of Nanocellulose in 3D Printing: A Review
Authors: Tong Yuqi , Jiang Chuang , Ji Chuye , Liu Wei , Wang Yixiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are nanoscale materials with unique mechanical properties and geometry that attract considerable interest in recent years for a wide range of applications. This review pays special attention to the recent progress of CNFs and CNCs assisted 3D printing in medicine, food, engineering, and architecture fields. Various types of CNFs and CNCs used for 3D printing are summarized. The addition of nanocellulose improves the printability and quality of printed objects in certain cases, leading to greater accuracy and durability. The created functional structures with specific properties have promising applications in various fields such as medicine and food preservation and viscosity enhancement. Finally, this work highlights the transformative potential of nanocellulose‐assisted 3D printing to revolutionize a range of fields and the need for continued research and development to overcome current technical challenges.
Efficient Light to Heat Conversion in Sb2Se3 Nanorods and the Role of Macro‐channel Imprinted Sb2Se3 Loaded Hybrid Membrane for Superior Desalination Performance
Authors: Sen Nabanita , Debnath Anup , Bhattacharjee Souvik , Das Bikram Kumar , Thakur Manas , Saha Arnab Kumar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis report validates Sb2Se3 nanorods (NRs) as a potential contender for solar thermal heat generation. The water droplet experiment shows Sb2Se3's light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency as ≈57.8% for red (671 nm), 58% for green (532 nm) lasers. Following this PVDF(M)/ Sb2Se3 NRs hybrid membranes for solar desalination reached ≈59°C in 15 minutes of illumination. The heat generation is dominated by an electron/hole‐acoustic phonon scattering mechanism. Despite having superior visNIR absorption and heat localization in Sb2Se3 NRs, the hybrid membranes show an evaporation rate of 1.72 kg m−2 h−1 only, even if mass loading is increased. The hydrophobic Sb2Se3 NRs layer restricts water diffusion to hot zones, reducing solar evaporation efficiency. A novel macro channel imprinting strategy in hybrid membranes speeds up water transport to the hot zone. Consequently, optimized macro channel membranes achieve ≈2.37 kg m−2 h−1 mass loss and 148% solar evaporation efficiency under a 1000 W m−2 mercury vapor lamp. Therefore, imprinting macro‐channel can be a possible strategy, addressing the hydrophobic materials in desalination applications which can be expanded in other similar materials. Moreover, its outdoor sunlight application achieves impressive solar evaporation efficiency (≈108%). The steam generated effectively removes heavy metals, meeting World Health Organization (WHO) potable water standards.
A Magnetically Actuated MOF‐Based Nanozyme for Intensified Induction of Ferroptosis and Immunogenic Cell Death Via Autophagy Blockade
Authors: Yao Can , Zhang Rui , Xie Zongliang , Wu Yundi , Wu Xilong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanozymes mimicking enzymes show great promise in anti‐tumor therapy but are often limited by their low catalytic activity and lack of tumor specificity in hostile tumor microenvironments. This study develops a novel nanozyme, D/P@ZUCO, utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with glutathione oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase‐like activities. D/P@ZUCO is synthesized using ZnFe2O4 and NH2‐UiO66 (Cu/Zr) through an in situ growth method, followed by loading with doxorubicin (DOX) and primaquine (PQ), and functionalization with oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA). It efficiently catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and glutathione (GSH) into glutathione disulfide (GSSH), initiating ferroptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, the conversion of excess H2O2 into oxygen (O2) enhances the apoptosis effects of DOX. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagy by D/P@ZUCO exacerbates ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD), triggering a potent anti‐tumor immune response. The targeted drug delivery of D/P@ZUCO is facilitated by magnetic guidance and interactions between OHA and CD44 receptors. D/P@ZUCO demonstrates effective cancer treatment by triggering multiple cell death pathways through a synergistic combination of enzymatic actions, serving as a paradigm for systemic activation of multiple enzymes in triple‐negative breast cancer therapy.
Mitigating Crosstalk by Slurry Additive Toward 5 V Cobalt‐Free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode
Authors: Peng Cancan , Li Min , Yu Ying , Xue Wenwen , Liang Suzhe , Song Jinu , Li Jiapei , Cao Longhao , Xia Yonggao , Yang Chao , Guo Kunkun , Cheng Ya‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), with its spinel symmetry, emerges as a promising cathode material for high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nonetheless, the vulnerability of LNMO to interfacial degradation, particularly electrolyte breakdown during high‐voltage operation, compromises its long‐term cycling performance. To overcome this longstanding challenge, a slurry additive—polyester‐urethane‐acrylate (PEUA)—to form a multi‐functional ultra‐thin electrode coating, enhancing the lifespan and energy density of LIBs is introduced. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical analyses reveal that the PEUA slurry additive effectively maintains electrode integrity, facilitates electrons and lithium ions transport, and inhibits hazardous side reactions, thus preventing the by‐products from triggering cathode‐electrolyte‐anode interface crosstalk. Consequently, the 5 V LNMO || Li cell with PEUA slurry additive maintains a high‐capacity retention of 97.8%, with improved cycling stability at high‐temperature and full‐cell configurations. This crosstalk‐mitigation strategy offers a promising avenue for extending the lifespan and electrochemical performance of high‐voltage cobalt‐free cathodes, advancing the practical use of high‐energy density LIB technology.
Protein Electronic Energy Transport Levels Derived from High‐Sensitivity Near‐UV and Constant Final State Yield Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Fereiro Jerry A , Tomita Masaki , Bendikov Tatyana , Bera Sudipta , Pecht Israel , Sheves Mordechai , Cahen David , Ishii Hisao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProteins are attractive as functional components in molecular junctions. However, controlling the electronic charge transport via proteins, held between two electrodes, requires information on their frontier orbital energy level alignment relative to the electrodes’ Fermi level (EF), which normally requires studies of UV Photoemission Spectroscopy (UPS) with HeI excitation. Such excitation is problematic for proteins, which can denature under standard measuring conditions. Here high‐sensitivity soft UV photoemission spectroscopy (HS‐UPS) combined with Constant Final State Yield Spectroscopy (CFS‐YS) is used to get this information for electrode/protein contacts. Monolayers of the redox protein Azurin, (Az) and its Apo‐form on Au substrates, have HOMO onset energies, obtained from CFS‐YS, differ by ≈0.2 eV, showing the crucial role of the Cu redox centre in the electron transport process. It is found that combined HS‐UPS/CFS‐YS measurements agree with the Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy (PYS), showing potential of the HS‐UPS + CFS‐YS as a powerful tool to characterize and map the energetics of a protein‐electrode interfaces, which will aid optimizing design of devices with targeted electronic properties, as well as for novel applications.
Gold Flake‐Enabled Miniature Capacitive Picobalances
Authors: Zhu Jiajie , Tong Yuanbiao , Wang Zhenxin , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Lei , Guo Xin , Tong Limin , Wang Pan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMeasurement of masses of microscale objects or weak force with ultrahigh sensitivity (down to nanogram/piconewton level) and compact configuration is highly desired for fundamental research and applications in various disciplines. Here, by using freestanding gold flakes with high reflectivity (≈98% at 980 nm) as the sample tray and silica microfibers with extremely low spring constant (≈0.05 mN m−1) as the cantilever beams, miniature capacitive balances are reported with piconewton‐level detection limit (picobalances) and reliable radiation force‐based calibration. In the design, the gold flake is suspended by two silica microfibers, which also functions as an electrode to form a capacitor with an underneath gold electrode. Benefitting from the high reflectivity of the gold flake, the performance of picobalances can be precisely calibrated by exerting piconewton‐level radiation pressure on the gold flake (working as a mirror) with a laser, showing a detection limit as low as 6.9 pN. Finally, using a fiber taper‐assisted micromanipulation technique, masses of various types of pollens (with weights ranging from 4.6 to 96.3 ng) are readily measured by a picobalance at single‐particle level. The miniature picobalances should find applications in precise measurement of masses of micro or nanoscale objects and various types of weak forces.
Confined compressive stress–strain model for rectangular geopolymer reinforced concrete members
Authors: Kocaer Oznur , Aldemir Alper 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn response to the urgent global challenge of mitigating climate change, sustainable materials have become a focal point across industries, including construction. The construction sector, recognizing its significant contribution to carbon dioxide emissions, has embarked on a relentless pursuit of eco‐friendly practices. Efforts to explore alternatives to cement, notorious for its substantial carbon footprint, have attracted considerable attention. Within this context, the present study delves into an in‐depth analysis of the stress–strain properties exhibited by geopolymer concrete (GC) column members. The primary objective is to develop a comprehensive material model of geopolymer concrete to estimate the flexural capacities of column members. To this end, inspired by the confinement model by Kent and Park, a stress–strain model incorporating the effect of confinement is proposed to accurately estimate the moment capacity of GC columns. The performance of the proposed formulation is checked using 41 different test results obtained from previous research on GC columns. Evaluations on the moment capacity estimations of the proposed model show that the results are promising in reflecting the behavior of geopolymer columns. In addition, moment–curvature curves from six recent experiments are also compared with the moment–curvature curve estimations using the proposed stress–strain model. Results show very close estimations, proving the ability of the model to be a good candidate for the performance‐based design calculations. Besides, the performance of the existing formulations from four prominent international codes (ACI318, BS8110‐97, TS500, and AASHTO) are compared with the proposed model. Notably, the flexural capacity calculated using the code formulations exhibited significant deviations from the experimental results. In contrast, the proposed model demonstrates a strong correlation with the experimental data, substantiating its effectiveness in accurately predicting the flexural capacities of GC columns.
Decoding the Catalytic Potential of Dinuclear 1st‐Row Transition Metal Complexes for Proton Reduction and Water Oxidation
Authors: Raj Manaswini , Padhi Sumanta Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in renewable energy sources has led to a significant focus on artificial photosynthesis as a means of converting solar energy into lucrative and energy‐dense carbonaceous fuels. First‐row transition metals have thus been brought to light in the search for efficient and high‐performance homogenous molecule catalysts that can accelerate energy transformation and reduce overpotentials during the catalytic process. Their dinuclear complexes have opportunities to enhance the efficiency and stability of these molecular catalysts, primarily for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and water oxidation reaction (WOR). Recently, our group improved the catalytic activity, efficiencies, and stability of dinuclear molecular catalysts, particularly toward HER. Although one dinuclear complex has been tested for WOR, it demonstrated activity as water oxidation precatalysts. First‐row transition metals are a great option for sustainable catalysis because they are readily available, reasonably priced, and have multifaceted coordination chemistry. Examples of these metals are cobalt, copper, and manganese. The structure‐catalytic performance relationships of this first‐row transition metal‐based dinuclear catalysts are noteworthily interpreted in this account, providing avenues for optimizing their performance and advancing the development of sustainable and effective energy conversion technologies.
Self-Dual Maxwell Fields from Clifford Analysis
Authors: Robson C. J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study of complex functions is based around the study of holomorphic functions, satisfying the Cauchy-Riemann equations. The relatively recent field of Clifford Analysis lets us extend many results from Complex Analysis to higher dimensions. In this paper, I decompose the Cauchy-Riemann equations for a general Clifford algebra into grades using the Geometric Algebra formalism, and show that for the Spacetime Algebra Cl(3, 1) these equations are the equations for a self-dual source free Maxwell field, and for a massless uncharged Spinor. This shows a deep link between fundamental physics and the Clifford geometry of Spacetime.
Existence of similarity profiles for diffusion equations and systems
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Schindler Stefanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the existence of similarity profiles for diffusion equations and reaction diffusion systems on the real line, where the different nontrivial limits are imposed for

$$ x \rightarrow -\infty $$

x
→
-
∞

and

$$x \rightarrow +\infty $$

x
→
+
∞

. These similarity profiles solve a coupled system of nonlinear ODEs that can be treated by monotone operator theory.
Finite element approximation of time-dependent mean field games with nondifferentiable Hamiltonians
Authors: Osborne Yohance A. P. , Smears Iain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The standard formulation of the PDE system of Mean Field Games (MFG) requires the differentiability of the Hamiltonian. However in many cases, the structure of the underlying optimal problem leads to a convex but nondifferentiable Hamiltonian. For time-dependent MFG systems, we introduce a generalization of the problem as a Partial Differential Inclusion (PDI) by interpreting the derivative of the Hamiltonian in terms of the subdifferential set. In particular, we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the resulting MFG PDI system under standard assumptions in the literature. We propose a monotone stabilized finite element discretization of the problem, using conforming affine elements in space and an implicit Euler discretization in time with mass-lumping. We prove the strong convergence in

$$L^2(H^1)$$

L
2

(

H
1

)

of the value function approximations, and strong convergence in

$$L^p(L^2)$$

L
p

(

L
2

)

of the density function approximations, together with strong

$$L^2$$

L
2

-convergence of the value function approximations at the initial time.