bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperkinetic Seizures with Ictal Fear as Localizing Ictal Signs in MRI-Negative Medial Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Cloppenborg Thomas , Albers Kristina , Kalbhenn Thilo , Woermann Friedrich G. , Bien Christian G. , Polster Tilman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose Hyperkinetic seizures are described as seizure onset in the frontal or temporal lobe. Additional localizing information is important for diagnostic workup and surgical therapy. We describe diagnostic workup and surgical outcomes in three patients with pharmacoresistant focal emotional seizures with hyperkinetic elements.
Methods/Results High-resolution 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal clear-cut lesions. Invasive video-electroencephalography (EEG) with depth electrodes along the cingulate sulcus (bilateral; patients 1 and 3), right; patient 2 provided congruent results for a circumscribed seizure onset zone within the medial frontal lobe (right: patients 1 and 2; left: patient 3). Topectomies were performed in all patients. Histopathology revealed a small focal cortical dysplasia in the three cases (focal cortical dysplasia [FCD] IIA: patient 1; FCD IIB: patients 2 and 3). All patients remained completely seizure-free since surgery (Engel 1A; follow-up: 9–28 months).
Conclusion Ictal fear associated with hyperkinetic semiology points to a seizure-onset zone within the anteromedial frontal lobe (anterior cingulate gyrus). Ictal semiology is crucial for the placement of depth electrodes, especially in MRI-negative cases. These cases illustrate a clinical advantage to the new International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification, emphasizing initial clinical symptoms.
Supply control vs. demand control: why is resource tax more effective than carbon tax in reducing emissions?
Authors: Lin Boqiang , Jia Zhijie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon tax and some other policies are designed to reduce emissions; resource tax can raise the energy price from the supply side to achieve the purpose of emission mitigation. Based on previous studies, this paper abstracts mitigation policies into supply-control (resource tax as an example) and demand-control (carbon tax as an example). The effects of these policies have been divided into the direct and the indirect effects. A dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model is applied to simulate different impact path of the two policies. The research shows that if there is no foreign trade and the market is completely market-oriented, the effect of the demand control and the supply control may be equivalent. But this is not the real case. Under the same level of CO2 emission, carbon tax can significantly reduce the energy demand of enterprises and restrain energy imports. However, resource tax can significantly increase domestic energy prices firstly, and then enterprises will be more willing to use cheaper imported energy. Regardless of energy security, relatively low energy use costs ease the economic costs of emission mitigation. Therefore, if every country in the world is required to reduce emissions compulsorily, resource tax may be a better policy of reducing emissions while obtaining “excess profits”.
CAMSAP1 breaks the homeostatic microtubule network to instruct neuronal polarity
Authors: Zhou Zhengrong , Xu Honglin , Li Yuejia , Yang Mengge , Zhang Rui , Shiraishi Aki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Liang Xin , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Xie Qi , Liu Shuai , Chen Rongqing , Bao Lan , Guo Weixiang , Wang Yu , Meng Wenxiang 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Proper formation of axon/dendrites is critical for the neuron to fulfill its function, and microtubules are the final performer in this process. However, how polarizing signals transduce to microtubules to instruct axon/dendrite differentiation remains unknown. Here we found that CAMSAP1, a microtubule minus-end binding protein, drives neuronal polarization, migration, and cortical lamination. We also demonstrate that the microtubule-binding ability of CAMSAP1 is critical for the protection of microtubule minus-ends and preservation of the “seeds” for microtubule regeneration, and this ability is regulated by MARK2. Thus, our findings reveal that CAMSAP1 controls neuronal polarization via triggering an unbalanced distribution of microtubules among neuronal processes; CAMSAP family members regulate axon formation by changing the quantity and quality of microtubules.
Global variability in seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios in the modern ocean
Authors: Lebrato Mario , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Müller Marius N. , Blanco-Ameijeiras Sonia , Feely Richard A. , Lorenzoni Laura , Molinero Juan-Carlos , Bremer Karen , Jones Daniel O. B. , Iglesias-Rodriguez Debora , Greeley Dana , Lamare Miles D. , Paulmier Aurelien , Graco Michelle , Cartes Joan , Barcelos e Ramos Joana , de Lara Ana , Sanchez-Leal Ricardo , Jimenez Paz , Paparazzo Flavio E. , Hartman Susan E. , Westernströer Ulrike , Küter Marie , Benavides Roberto , da Silva Armindo F. , Bell Steven , Payne Chris , Olafsdottir Solveig , Robinson Kelly , Jantunen Liisa M. , Korablev Alexander , Webster Richard J. , Jones Elizabeth M. , Gilg Olivier , Bailly du Bois Pascal , Beldowski Jacek , Ashjian Carin , Yahia Nejib D. , Twining Benjamin , Chen Xue-Gang , Tseng Li-Chun , Hwang Jiang-Shiou , Dahms Hans-Uwe , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Seawater elemental composition, namely Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios are widely used in marine sciences. Our new single-laboratory global dataset, combined with past data of seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios, suggests that modern ocean variability is significant across different environments, being similar to the changes during the Neogene Period (20 Ma). Because there is large variability in seawater ratios, we cannot assume that secular changes derived from fossilized taxa with varied ecological niches and from diverse ecosystems provide an unbiased representation of past global seawater chemistry. We suggest that the problem of inconsistencies in previous studies of, for example, paleo conditions from different fossil taxa may be reduced by accounting for taxonomic differences, ecosystems, and abiotic processes to overcome the regional environmental effect.
Robust paths to net greenhouse gas mitigation and negative emissions via advanced biofuels
Authors: Field John L. , Richard Tom L. , Smithwick Erica A. H. , Cai Hao , Laser Mark S. , LeBauer David S. , Long Stephen P. , Paustian Keith , Qin Zhangcai , Sheehan John J. , Smith Pete , Wang Michael Q. , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The climate benefits of cellulosic biofuels have been challenged based on carbon debt, opportunity costs, and indirect land use change, prompting calls for withdrawing support for research and development. Using a quantitative ecosystem modeling approach, which explicitly differentiates primary production, ecosystem carbon balance, and biomass harvest, we show that none of these arguments preclude cellulosic biofuels from realizing greenhouse gas mitigation. Our assessment illustrates how deliberate land use choices support the climate performance of current-day cellulosic ethanol technology and how technological advancements and carbon capture and storage addition could produce several times the climate mitigation potential of competing land-based biological mitigation schemes. These results affirm the climate mitigation logic of biofuels, consistent with their prominent role in many climate stabilization scenarios.
CHD8 dosage regulates transcription in pluripotency and early murine neural differentiation
Authors: Sood Sabina , Weber Christopher M. , Hodges H. Courtney , Krokhotin Andrey , Shalizi Aryaman , Crabtree Gerald R. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThe chromatin remodelerCHD8is one of the most frequently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we identify dosage-sensitive roles for CHD8 in the regulation of transcription and define CHD8’s role in regulating genome-wide accessibility. Importantly, we present new results that help to define the molecular function of CHD8 both in the context of pluripotency and in neural differentiation with implications for its role in ASD. By determining the execution point at which mutations inChd8might contribute to the disease, we hope to discover the potential for therapeutic approaches.
Febrile temperature change modulates CD4 T cell differentiation via a TRPV channel-regulated Notch-dependent pathway
Authors: Umar Danish , Das Arundhoti , Gupta Suman , Chattopadhyay Somdeb , Sarkar Debayan , Mirji Gauri , Kalia Jeet , Arimbasseri Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar , Durdik Jeannine Marie , Rath Satyajit , George Anna , Bal Vineeta 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceSince fever is frequently a response to infection, immune responses likely occur commonly at fever temperatures. Are fever temperatures detected by immune cells, what molecular pathways are involved in this sensing, and what are the functional consequences? Our data show that CD4 T lymphocytes detect moderate fever temperature. A TRPV channel-mediated pathway involving Notch activation leads to a Th2 skewing of the effector T cell response. However, the antigen presenting dendritic cells that stimulate CD4 T cells, in turn, detect fever temperature and overproduce interleukin-12 to counter this Th2 skewing. The evolutionary genesis of these pathways and the functional consequences of this complex regulatory loop in specific infectious circumstances are, thus, likely to be of great interest.
The contribution of black carbon to global ice nucleating particle concentrations relevant to mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Schill Gregory P. , DeMott Paul J. , Emerson Ethan W. , Rauker Anne Marie C. , Kodros John K. , Suski Kaitlyn J. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Farmer Delphine K. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The Earth’s climate is affected by the radiative properties of clouds. In clouds containing both supercooled water droplets and ice particles (mixed-phase clouds), cloud lifetime and albedo are affected by the presence of ice nucleating particles (INP). After decades of research, the importance of black carbon (BC) as an INP remains unresolved. In this work, we determined the contribution of BC to INP concentrations ([INP]) from real-world wildfires and prescribed burns. We found that BC does not contribute significantly to [INP] in near-field biomass burning plumes. These results were applied as parameterizations to global climate model output. Combined with previous work on diesel-engine exhaust, we find that BC does not contribute significantly to global [INP] relevant to mixed-phase clouds.
Mechanism for analogous illusory motion perception in flies and humans
Authors: Agrochao Margarida , Tanaka Ryosuke , Salazar-Gatzimas Emilio , Clark Damon A. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceMost of the time, visual circuitry in our brains faithfully reports visual scenes. Sometimes, however, it can report motion in images that are in fact stationary, leading us to perceive illusory motion. In this study, we establish that fruit flies, too, perceive motion in the stationary images that evoke illusory motion in humans. Our results demonstrate how this motion illusion in flies is an artifact of the brain’s strategies for efficiently processing motion in natural scenes. Perceptual tests in humans suggest that our brains may employ similar mechanisms for this illusion. This study shows how illusions can provide insight into visual processing mechanisms and principles across phyla.
Animal body size distribution influences the ratios of nutrients supplied to plants
Authors: le Roux Elizabeth , van Veenhuisen Laura S. , Kerley Graham I. H. , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Herbivores influence nutrient cycling by depositing feces across the landscape. Where herbivores go in the landscape is governed by factors such as food requirements and vulnerability to predation, traits that are related to body size. We show that mammals that differ in body size not only use the landscape differently but also differ in the amount of nitrogen relative to phosphorus that they release through their feces. This ensures that plants that grow in areas used by predominantly larger herbivores (such as areas of higher predation risk or areas of greater food availability) will receive lower amounts of fecal phosphorus relative to fecal nitrogen, potentially impacting plant nutrient availability. This finding is noteworthy considering the extinction bias toward larger animals.
Multiplexed conditional genome editing with Cas12a inDrosophila
Authors: Port Fillip , Starostecka Maja , Boutros Michael 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceCRISPR-Cas genome engineering has enabled scientists to modify the genome of the popular model organismDrosophila melanogasterwith unprecedented ease. However, so far only the CRISPR nuclease Cas9 has been used for this task. Additional nucleases could expand the genomic target space and facilitate modification of independent cell populations in the same organism. Here we describe genome editing with Cas12a inDrosophila. Cas12a recognizes target sites orthogonal to Cas9, can use compact arrays of crRNAs for multiplexed gene editing, and conditional expression leads to tissue-specific mutagenesis. We also show that a point mutant in Cas12a substantially increases editing rates. This work significantly expands the CRISPR toolbox inDrosophilaand will inform the development of similar systems in other organisms.
Intein-mediated cytoplasmic reconstitution of a split toxin enables selective cell ablation in mixed populations and tumor xenografts
Authors: Purde Vedud , Kudryashova Elena , Heisler David B. , Shakya Reena , Kudryashov Dmitri S. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Protein reconstitution via transsplicing by split inteins is an indispensable tool in protein engineering, biotechnology, and experimental therapeutics. In living cells, the application of split inteins has been limited to their nonspecific delivery or expression from genetic elements, which come with substantial limitations in specificity of targeting and temporal control of expression and generation of the transspliced product. To overcome these limitations we designed a protocol for delivering the split-intein protein fragments to the cell cytoplasm via a receptor-specific toxin-based delivery machinery. We achieved a precisely controlled reconstitution of a functional catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin from its two dysfunctional fragments, one expressed and one delivered as a protein, in selective subpopulations of cells in mixed cultures and in vivo.
Metabolic stress promotes stop-codon readthrough and phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Hong , Lyu Zhihui , Fan Yongqiang , Evans Christopher R. , Barber Karl W. , Banerjee Kinshuk , Igoshin Oleg A. , Rinehart Jesse , Ling Jiqiang 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Protein synthesis is a fundamental cellular process that occurs from bacteria to humans. Highly accurate protein synthesis has been shown to be critical for the fitness of the cell and is controlled by sophisticated molecular mechanisms. One such mechanism is the release of mature proteins at stop codons to prevent readthrough. Here we identify an environmental stress that substantially increases the level of stop-codon readthrough during protein synthesis in bacteria and provide insights into the underlying mechanism. Intriguingly, the level of readthrough fluctuates extensively among single cells that are genetically identical and grown under the same stress condition. Cells with different levels of readthrough vary in phenotypes, and individual cells with high readthrough recover better from the acid stress.
“Feel really Uruguayan”
Authors: Uber Diane R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers second-person singular
forms of address (tú, vos, usted) in advertisements and business
documents in the Spanish of Montevideo, Uruguay. Tú is considered
the standard-Spanish familiar address and usted the standard respectful
address, while vos is used as an familiar form of address among
Uruguayans. Norms of politeness dictate that speakers should
accommodate to the hearer using usted. However, familiar vos can
indicate politeness for speakers with a similar social status, or to
show solidarity. Using examples from marketing and advertising to
illustrate usage, we find that over 70% of examples used vos, almost
19% employed usted, and less than 7% used tú. This supports claims
that tuteo (whether verbal or pronominal) is disappearing from
Montevideo.
‘En esta petsa, este anio’
Authors: Chappell Whitney 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The historical evolution of the Caribbean Coast of
Nicaragua has given rise to a multilingual and multicultural region
that has been, until relatively recently, sheltered from the Spanish
language spoken in Western Nicaragua. As contact has increased
between the country’s East and West, Miskitu residents are
increasingly learning Spanish, but for many it serves as a second or
third language, resulting in a unique sound system. This chapter
explores the phonetic features found in the speech of Miskitu-
dominant Spanish speakers in Bilwi, including the transfer of
Miskitu phones into Spanish and the transformation of variable rules
under transfer. I argue that each individual feature can be found in
other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, but this specific
combination of phonetic features reflects the unique culture and
history of the Miskitu people, highlighting the linguistic outcomes
of social and linguistic isolation and contact along the Caribbean
Coast.
Evaluation of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: El Kousht Moustafa , Dessouky Tarek Mohamed E. L. , Koura Rabab Ahmed , ElRahman Manar Abd 
Published: August 2020

Background
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test is an electrophysiological testing that can assess dysfunction of otolithic organs and the integrity of their pathways precisely.

Aim
Compare amplitude and latency of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials evoked by air- and bone-conducted stimuli in three different groups.

Materials and methods
The control group (group 1) included ten healthy volunteers adults (20 ears) with normal hearing thresholds. Group 2 consisted of ten patients (20 ears) with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and group 3 comprised 10 patients (20 ears) with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). All participants underwent pure tone audiometry, immittancemetry ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMPs) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMPs) by air and bone conduction stimuli.

Results
The response rate of cVEMPs and oVEMPs elicited by both types of stimuli was 100% in control group and SNHL group. In the group of conductive hearing loss, air conduction(AC) (c VEMPs and o VEMPs) response rate was 60%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between latencies of oVEMPs and cVEMPs evoked by AC and BC methods and degrees of hearing loss in SNHL group.

Conclusion
Ocular and cervical VEMPs elicited by bone conduction (BC) stimuli aren’t vulnerable to conductive hearing loss. Bc VEMPs provides assessment of vestibular system in patients with conductive hearing loss. Significant correlation was found between cVEMPs and oVEMPs abnormalities and severity of sensorineural hearing loss.
Human cochlear microanatomy – an electron microscopy and super-resolution structured illumination study and review
Authors: Liu Wei , Glueckert Rudolf , Schrott-Fischer Annelies , Rask-Andersen Helge 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Studies of the human cochlea are particularly challenging due its exceptional vulnerability and surrounding hard bone. Swift fixation and mild decalcification are necessary to maintain its structural integrity and preserve antigenicity. Such procedures may allow immunohistochemistry, gene analyses, and molecular imaging using super resolution illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) with nanometer resolution.

Design
This presentation updates recent studies of the human cochlear microanatomy and immunohistochemistry by our laboratory, discussed in the context of current and past anatomic findings and the available literature.

Results
Human studies are necessary, and there are intriguing discrepancies compared with experimental animal studies, highlighting that “men are not simply big mice.” The results may improve our understanding of the function of the human hearing organ, the diseases related to it, and how this better understanding can be extended to impact future treatment.

Conclusion
The first human inner ear gene therapy trials are in progress, and the accessibility of human cochlear tissue for future stem cell treatment and gene transfer needs further elucidation.
Can we use next-generation gravitational wave detectors for terrestrial precision measurements of Shapiro delay?
Authors: Sullivan Andrew G , Veske Doğa , Márka Zsuzsa , Bartos Imre , Ballmer Stefan , Shawhan Peter , Márka Szabolcs 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Shapiro time delay is one of the fundamental tests of general relativity and post-Newtonian theories of gravity. Consequently, its measurements can be used to probe the parameter γ which is related to spacetime curvature produced by a unit mass in the post-Newtonian formalism of gravity. To date all measurements of time delay have been conducted on astronomical scales. It was asserted in 2010 that gravitational wave detectors on Earth could be used to measure Shapiro delay on a terrestrial scale via massive rotating systems. Building on that work, we consider how measurements of Shapiro delay can be made using next-generation gravitational wave detectors. We perform an analysis for measuring Shapiro delay with the next-generation gravitational wave detectors Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope to determine how precisely the effect can be measured. Using a rotating mass unit design, we find that Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope can measure the Shapiro delay signal with amplitude signal to noise ratios upwards of ∼28 and ∼43 in 1 year of integration time, respectively. By measuring Shapiro delay with this technique, next-generation interferometers will allow for terrestrial measurements of γ in the paramaterized post-Newtonian formalism of gravity with sub-percent precision.