bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate from Doppler wind lidars and in situ instrumentation for the Perdigão 2017 campaign
Authors: Wildmann Norman , Bodini Nicola , Lundquist Julie K. , Bariteau Ludovic , Wagner Johannes 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The understanding of the sources, spatial distribution and temporal variability of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer, and improved simulation of its forcing processes require observations in a broad range of terrain types and atmospheric conditions. In this study, we estimate turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate ε using multiple techniques, including in situ measurements of sonic anemometers on meteorological towers, a hot-wire anemometer on a tethered lifting system and remote-sensing retrievals from a vertically staring lidar and two lidars performing range–height indicator (RHI) scans. For the retrieval of ε from the lidar RHI scans, we introduce a modification of the Doppler spectral width method. This method uses spatiotemporal averages of the variance in the line-of-sight velocity and the turbulent broadening of the Doppler backscatter spectrum. We validate this method against the observations from the other instruments, also including uncertainty estimations for each method. The synthesis of the results from all instruments enables a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal variability in ε across a valley between two parallel ridges at the Perdigão 2017 campaign. We analyze in detail how ε varies in the night from 13 to 14 June 2017. We find that the shear zones above and below a nighttime low-level jet experience turbulence enhancements. We also show that turbulence in the valley, approximately 11 rotor diameters downstream of an operating wind turbine, is still significantly enhanced by the wind turbine wake.
Gender Inequality and Resource Sharing: Evidence from Rural Nicaragua
Authors: D’Exelle Ben , Riedl Arno 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gender inequality in access to resources remains persistent in rural areas in developing countries. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for gender inequality, we start from the observation that access to resources in rural villages is largely determined by within-village resource sharing, which is embedded in social networks. It is therefore important to study the influence of gender on resource sharing while taking into account the social networks of men and women. To do so, we combine data from a distribution experiment and a network survey in rural Nicaragua. We find that sharing is higher among friends and that women have fewer friends than men. Men share more than women and do not discriminate against women, while women share less with men. These results are robust to controls for friendship ties and gender differences in the reporting of these ties. We attribute these results to the gendered division of labor.
Analytical Nonlinear Response for a Rotor with the Hertz Contact and Clearance
Authors: ZHANG Zijian 
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on a nonlinear frequency response of a rotor system with power of Hertz contact and piecewise nonlinearities of bearing clearance. A complex equation of motion for this rotor system was deduced using the Lagrange equation. The natural frequency and phase portraits of the unperturbed rotor system were obtained to demonstrate hardening stiffness characteristics. The amplitude frequency and attraction basins of multiple solutions for the perturbed rotatory system without clearance were investigated. The analytical forms of amplitude frequency of the perturbed system with clearance were analyzed. Through numerical simulation, the correctness of the theoretical formula is verified, and it is in good agreement with the numerical results.
La gestión de la diversidad en el aula de EL/2: la enseñanza a solicitantes de asilo en el programa de protección internacional
Authors: Ruiz Herrero Juan 
Published: December 2019

La diversidad en todos los planos constituye el rasgo más destacable de las aulas de español como segunda lengua que se imparten dentro del programa estatal de Protección Internacional, dirigido a solicitantes de asilo. La presente contribución propone una reflexión acerca de cuatro puntos relacionados, a saber, la existencia de diferentes conocimientos del mundo, la importancia de la dimensión intercultural, el trabajo con personas que presentan grados variables de exposición previa a realidades académicas y la disparidad de ritmos y horizontes de desarrollo.

Diversity in a whole array of levels appears as the main feature of the classsroom of Spanish as a second language within the framework of the national program of International Protection, which is intended for asylum seekers in Spain. The present article offers a reflexion on four points related to said diversity, namely, the existence of different knowledges of the world, the importance of intercultural dimension, the work with students which present contrasting degrees of previous exposition to academic realities and learning ryhthms and development disparity.

diversidad interculturalidad asilo migraciones
Algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual para mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral
Authors: Paulo Selvi Isabel Amparo 
Published: December 2019

La dificultad de la destreza de la expresión oral se debe a causas emocionales, cognitivas, didácticas y lingüísticas. Diferentes trabajos se han orientado hacia la oralidad, quizás, porque el estudio del habla funciona como una forma dinámica de comunicación; sin embargo, el prestigio de la lengua escrita y el desconocimiento de la lengua oral han tenido efectos perniciosos con modelos artificiales para la enseñanza de ELE.
La propuesta se centra en trabajar algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual con la intención de mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral. Se trata de elaborar una secuencia pedagógica donde se expone una muestra de lengua contextualizada en la que aparecen los contenidos que se desean que los alumnos aprehendan, se plantean actividades y se reflexiona a través de un discurso modalizado cercano al mundo referencial del discente.
Outcomes in a Modern Cohort of Treated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from Diagnosis Up to 15 Years
Authors: Scott Thomas F. , Desai Troy , Hackett Chris , Gettings Edward J. , Hentosz Teresa , Elmalik Wisam , Schramke Carol J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Before disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) were available, the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) regarding attainment of accepted disability milestones was reported with fairly wide variance comparing outcomes across studies. The influence of DMTs on these outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to calculate attainment of disability milestones during the first 15 years after onset of DMT-treated relapsing forms of MS (RMS).

Methods:
As a retrospective study, all available disability data (collected routinely) on all newly diagnosed patients with RMS seen and initially diagnosed in a single clinic between 1989 and 2006 were reviewed. Times from first symptoms and diagnosis until first treatment with DMTs were also reviewed. Time-to-event statistics were applied using disability milestones.

Results:
Mean follow-up of 184 adult patients from symptom onset was 13.7 years. Of patients followed up for 15 years after onset, 16 of 86 (19%) reached an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6.0. Estimated median time to reach an EDSS score of 3.0 was 10.7 years and to reach an EDSS score of 4.0 was 18.1 years.

Conclusions:
There were striking differences between the present results and older data sets and similar results to the few available modern data sets. This analysis of a modern treated RMS cohort provides outcomes data that may be compared favorably with the natural history of RMS.
TEffectR: an R package for studying the potential effects of transposable elements on gene expression with linear regression model
Authors: Karakülah Gökhan , Arslan Nazmiye , Yandım Cihangir , Suner Aslı 
Published: December 2019

Introduction
Recent studies highlight the crucial regulatory roles of transposable elements (TEs) on proximal gene expression in distinct biological contexts such as disease and development. However, computational tools extracting potential TE –proximal gene expression associations from RNA-sequencing data are still missing.

Implementation
Herein, we developed a novel R package, using a linear regression model, for studying the potential influence of TE species on proximal gene expression from a given RNA-sequencing data set. Our R package, namely TEffectR, makes use of publicly available RepeatMasker TE and Ensembl gene annotations as well as several functions of other R-packages. It calculates total read counts of TEs from sorted and indexed genome aligned BAM files provided by the user, and determines statistically significant relations between TE expression and the transcription of nearby genes under diverse biological conditions.

Availability
TEffectR is freely available at https://github.com/karakulahg/TEffectR along with a handy tutorial as exemplified by the analysis of RNA-sequencing data including normal and tumour tissue specimens obtained from breast cancer patients.
Preferences of the Poor Farming Household for Credit-Based Payment for Environmental Services: Attributes for Environmental Resource Conservation in the Oyo State Farm Settlements
Authors: Adesiyan O. I. , Rauf M. O. , Adewole W. A. 
Published: December 2019

Previous studies affirmed that both poverty and environmental resources degradation need to be tackled concomitantly. The reason is that poverty and environmental resources (agricultural land) are intertwining as a nexus; hence a one traffic-proffered solution is not sufficient enough to reduce the afterward menace poverty and environmental resource caused. An incentive that serves as an ‘adjudicator’, a credit-based payment for an environmental service is recognized for this task. Though this is a hypothetical case of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) that understudied the would-be response of the poor farming household through their preferences of PES attributes of environmental resource conservation and poverty reduction. This was designed with the use of choice experiment method, which is a multi-attribute approach of valuing non-market goods (agricultural land). Evidently, this study has convincingly proved that the poor farmers are willing to conserve their agricultural land, if the provision of necessary incentive is presented to them. The examined three farm settlements in Oyo state are: Afijio, Ijaye and Ido farm settlements. Educationally poor farming household shows that, 93(65.49%) preferred both options, whereas consumption poor farming house have 162(68.5%) respondents that sought for both option 1and 2.Housing/standard of living farming household recorded 98(34.63 %) for option 1 PES attributes and 95(33.57%)responded were for option 2 of PES attributes. The T-t test revealed that four of the paired poverty categories with respect to their preferences for the PES attributes options were significant. This study therefore suggests that poor farming household, whose farming is their livelihood should be sensitized to the provision of a deliberately designed poverty-environmental resource conservation credit-based PES, with a more flexible conditions. This will enable the poor farmers to be encouraged to participate in conservation of natural resource and by extension reducing poverty.
Diselenide–Pemetrexed Assemblies for Combined Cancer Immuno‐, Radio‐, and Chemotherapies
Authors: Li Tianyu , Pan Shuojiong , Gao Shiqian , Xiang Wentian , Sun Chenxing , Cao Wei , Xu Huaping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmunotherapy has emerged as a promising new approach for cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs have been limited until recently, and the antitumor efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies still needs to be improved. Herein, we develop diselenide–pemetrexed assemblies that combine natural killer (NK) cell‐based cancer immunotherapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a single system. The assemblies are prepared by co‐assembly between pemetrexed and cytosine‐containing diselenide through hydrogen bonds. Under γ‐radiation, the hydrogen bonds are cleaved, resulting in the release of pemetrexed. At the same time, diselenide can be oxidized to seleninic acid, which suppresses the expression of human leukocyte antigen E (HLA‐E) in cancer cells, thus activating the immune response of NK cells. In this way, cancer immunotherapy is combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, providing a new strategy for cancer treatment.
Synthetic Photoelectrochemistry
Authors: Barham Joshua P. , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis (PRC) and synthetic organic electrochemistry (SOE) are often considered competing technologies in organic synthesis. Their fusion has been largely overlooked. We review state‐of‐the‐art synthetic organic photoelectrochemistry, grouping examples into three categories: 1) electrochemically mediated photoredox catalysis (e‐PRC), 2) decoupled photoelectrochemistry (dPEC), and 3) interfacial photoelectrochemistry (iPEC). Such synergies prove beneficial not only for synthetic “greenness” and chemical selectivity, but also in the accumulation of energy for accessing super‐oxidizing or ‐reducing single electron transfer (SET) agents. Opportunities and challenges in this emerging and exciting field are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of carbon black modified by polylactic acid (PLA‐g‐CB) as pigment for dope dyeing of black PLA fibers
Authors: Zhang Liping , Dong Hao , Li Min , Wang Dong , Liu Mingming , Wang Chunxia , Fu Shaohai 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDope dyeing is a clean method to produce a color polylactic acid (PLA) fiber. In order to investigate the influence factors of dope dyed PLA fiber, three kinds of PLA modified carbon black (PLA‐g‐CB) pigments with different particle size were prepared by open‐ring polymerization method, which were further used for dope dyed black PLA fiber. The resultant black fiber was characterized by TEM, SEM, and DSC. The effect of particle size and concentration of PLA‐g‐CB pigments on color, mechanical property, and crystallization behavior of dope dyed PLA fiber were studied. Dope dyed black PLA fiber reached its good color property including K/S and leveling property when PLA‐g‐CB (I) pigment was the colorant with a concentration of 1.5%. Moreover, the dope dyed black PLA fiber containing PLA‐g‐CB (I) pigment had high breaking strength, crystallinity, fastness, and migration resistance to water and ethanol. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48784.
A Hydrosilylation Approach to Silicon‐Bridged Functional Dipyrromethanes: Introducing Silicon to A New Arena
Authors: Garg Bhaskar , Bisht Tanuja , Ling Yong‐Chien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo silylene‐spaced ((E)‐vinylsilyl)anthracene‐dipyrromethane dyads have been designed and synthesized by RhCl(PPh3)3‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of 5‐methyl‐5′‐(ethynylaryl)dipyrromethanes with (9‐Anthryl)‐dimethylsilane. The complexation studies of dyads toward different anions have also been performed, which reveal that dyads exhibit a highly selective response towards fluoride anion attributable to both hydrogen‐bonding and pentacoordination phenomena. This dual‐mode fluoride recognition event is unprecedented and may pave the way for future developments in the areas of porphyrinoids, organosilicon, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry.
Efficient production of phenylpropionic acids by an amino‐group‐transformation biocatalytic cascade
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Song Wei , Wu Jing , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhenylpropionic acids are commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fine chemicals. However, the synthesis of phenylpropionic acids faces the challenges of high cost of substrates and a limited range of products. Here, we present an artificially designed amino‐group‐transformation biocatalytic process, which uses simple phenols, pyruvate, and ammonia to synthesize diverse phenylpropionic acids. This biocatalytic cascade comprises an amino‐group‐introduction module and three amino‐group‐transformation modules, and operates in a modular assembly manner. Escherichia coli catalysts coexpressing enzymes from different modules achieve whole‐cell simultaneous one‐pot transformations of phenols into the corresponding phenylpropionic acids including (S)‐α‐amino acids, α‐keto acids, (R)‐α‐amino acids, and (R)‐β‐amino acids. With cofactor recycling, protein engineering, and transformation optimization, four (S)‐α‐amino acids, four α‐keto acids, four (R)‐α‐amino acids, and four (R)‐β‐amino acids are synthesized with good conversion (68–99%) and high enantioselectivities (>98%). Therefore, the amino‐group‐transformation concept provides a universal and efficient tool for synthesizing diverse products.
Sprayable and biodegradable, intrinsically adhesive wound dressing with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Daristotle John L. , Lau Lung W. , Erdi Metecan , Hunter Joseph , Djoum Albert , Srinivasan Priya , Wu Xiaofang , Basu Mousumi , Ayyub Omar B. , Sandler Anthony D. , Kofinas Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConventional wound dressings are difficult to apply to large total body surface area (TBSA) wounds, as they typically are prefabricated, require a layer of adhesive coating for fixation, and need frequent replacement for entrapped exudate. Large TBSA wounds as well as orthopedic trauma and low‐resource surgery also have a high risk of infection. In this report, a sprayable and intrinsically adhesive wound dressing loaded with antimicrobial silver is investigated that provides personalized fabrication with minimal patient contact. The dressing is composed of adhesive and biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) blend fibers with or without silver salt (AgNO3). in vitro studies demonstrate that the PLGA/PEG/Ag dressing has antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity, with antimicrobial silver controllably released over 7–14 days. In a porcine partial‐thickness wound model, the wounds treated with both antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial PLGA/PEG dressings heal at rates similar to those of the clinical, thin film polyurethane wound dressing, with similar scarring. However, PLGA/PEG adds a number of features beneficial for wound healing: greater exudate absorption, integration into the wound, a 25% reduction in dressing changes, and tissue regeneration with greater vascularization. There is also modest improvement in epidermis thickness compared to the control wound dressing.
Endovascular management of transplant renal artery stenosis: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Ren Yanqiao , Xiong Fu , Kan Xuefeng , Qian Kun , Cao Yanyan , Chen Lei , Xiong Bin , Zhou Guofeng , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim is to evaluate the efficacy and complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)/stenting in the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS).BackgroundTRAS is a relatively rare condition, and currently, there is not enough study about interventional therapy for TRAS.MethodsBetween April 2011 and July 2018, 33 patients with TRAS underwent interventional therapy. Analysis of parameters was as follows: technical success, pretreatment and posttreatment serum creatinine, and blood pressure, and vessel patency via ultrasound at 1, 6, and 12 months posttreatment and once a year thereafter.ResultsOne procedure failed. The success rate of PTA/stenting placement was 97.0%. Fourteen PTAs with 16 stents were primary interventions, with 2 stent procedures performed subsequently due to restenosis; the restenosis rate was 6.3%. During the follow‐up period, two patients progressed to graft renal failure and three patients were lost to follow‐up. The rest of the patients still had stable graft function and blood pressure. Compared with preoperative conditions, blood pressure and serum creatinine significantly decreased (p < .05). No treatment‐related deaths or serious complications occurred.ConclusionsPTA/stenting is a safe and effective treatment for TRAS. For selected TRAS patients, PTA or PTA with stent may achieve good therapeutic outcomes. Selecting appropriate puncture pathways may help improve the success rate and affect the operation results, and open surgery may be avoided.
Highly Efficient Access to (S)‐Sulfoxides Utilizing a Promiscuous Flavoprotein Monooxygenase in a Whole‐Cell Biocatalyst Format
Authors: Willrodt Christian , Gröning Janosch A. D. , Nerke Philipp , Koch Rainhard , Scholtissek Anika , Heine Thomas , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno , Tischler Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChiral sulfoxides have gained attention as synthons and precursors for API synthesis. Flavoproteins such as Baeyer‐Villiger or styrene monooxygenases mainly provide access to (R)‐sulfoxides and often suffer from low selectivity, activity, and/or limited substrate scope. The flavoprotein monooxygenase AbIMO from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 initiates indole degradation. Here, AbIMO was expressed recombinantly in E. coli and characterized for its sulfoxidation activity and substrate spectrum. Next to indole and styrene, AbIMO was found to accept numerous alkyl aryl sulfides as substrates, transforming them to (S)‐sulfoxides with high enantioselectivity (95 % to >99 % for most sulfides). The formulation as a whole‐cell biocatalyst allowed specific production rates of up to 370 U gcdw−1 – the highest specific oxygenase activity achieved in whole cells so far – and the preparative synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐aryl alkyl sulfoxides. With its extraordinarily high specific activity, high specificity, ease of handling, and high stability (catalyst is stable for >16 days at 4 °C), the designed whole‐cell biocatalyst adds enormous value to the portfolio of chemical and biological catalysts for asymmetric sulfoxide synthesis.
Benchtop NMR for Online Reaction Monitoring of the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Aromatic Amino Alcohols
Authors: Claaßen C. , Mack K. , Rother D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOnline analytics provides insights into the progress of an ongoing reaction without the need for extensive sampling and offline analysis. In this study, we investigated benchtop NMR as an online reaction monitoring tool for complex enzyme cascade reactions. Online NMR was used to monitor a two‐step cascade beginning with an aromatic aldehyde and leading to an aromatic amino alcohol as the final product, applying two different enzymes and a variety of co‐substrates and intermediates. Benchtop NMR enabled the concentration of the reaction components to be detected in buffered systems in the single‐digit mM range without using deuterated solvent. The concentrations determined via NMR were correlated with offline samples analyzed via uHPLC and displayed a good correlation between the two methods. In summary, benchtop NMR proved to be a sensitive, selective and reliable method for online reaction monitoring in (multi‐step) biosynthesis. In future, online analytic systems such as the benchtop NMR devices described might not only enable direct monitoring of the reaction, but may also form the basis for self‐regulation in biocatalytic reactions.