bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic extracellular matrix and platelet‐rich plasma constructing injectable hydrogel for pancreas tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Liang , Miao Haiyan , Wang Dongzhi , Qiu Hongquan , Zhu Yi , Yao Xihao , Guo Yibing , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of pancreatic extracellular matrices enriched with insulin‐secreting β‐cells is a promising tissue engineering approach to treat type 1 diabetes. However, its long‐term therapeutic efficacy is restricted by the defensive mechanism of host immune response and the lack of developed vascularization as appropriate after transplantation. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous platelet concentrate, contains a large number of active factors that are essential for the cell viability, vascularization, and immune regulation. In this study, we have incorporated pancreatic extracellular matrix (PEM) with PRP to develop a three‐dimensional (3D) injectable PEM‐PRP hydrogel to coculture and transplant rat insulinoma cells (INS‐1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results from this study demonstrated that PEM‐PRP hydrogel mimicked the biochemical compositions of native extracellular matrices, and possessed the enhanced elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation that enabled biomaterials to maintain its volume and slowly degrade. Additionally, PEM‐PRP hydrogel could release growth factors in a sustained manner. In vitro, PEM‐PRP hydrogel significantly promoted the viability, insulin‐secreting function, and insulin gene expression of gel encapsulated INS‐1 cells. Moreover, HUVECs encapsulated in PEM‐PRP hydrogel were found to constitute many lumen‐like structures and exhibited high expression of proangiogenic genes. In vivo transplantation of PEM‐PRP hydrogel encapsulated with INS‐1 cells and HUVECs improved the viability of INS‐1 cells, promoted vascularization, inhibited the host inflammatory response, and reversed hyperglycemia of diabetic rats. Our study suggests that the PEM‐PRP hydrogel offers excellent biocompatibility and proangiogenic property, and may serve as an effective biomaterial platform to maintain the long‐term survival and function of insulin‐secreting β cells.
Health and production effects of killed vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1, in locally backgrounded feedlot cattle
Authors: Cusack PMV , Bergman EL , Hay KE , Morton JM 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThis study evaluates the effects of respiratory vaccines on health and growth rates in cattle placed in local backgrounding facilities then feedlots.MethodsA total of 7011 cattle entering backgrounding facilities contiguous with six feedlots in Australia were allocated to eight respiratory vaccine categories, including an untreated control category. The vaccines, against Mannheimia haemolytica, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1, were administered in various combinations at backgrounding facility entry and subsequent feedlot entry. Cattle were held in the backgrounding facilities for a minimum of 28 days.ResultsDuring their feedlot phase, 3.7% of study animals were detected with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). BRD sub hazard was lowest in cattle vaccinated with Bovilis MH + infectious bovine rhinotracheitis® (sub hazards ratio: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.83; P = 0.010), and point estimates for other vaccine combinations did not differ (P > 0.10) from controls. Six of the respiratory vaccine combinations decreased growth rate during backgrounding relative to untreated controls (P ≤ 0.003). Overall, the feedlot growth rate was not significantly affected by the vaccine category (overall Wald P = 0.191).ConclusionsUse of these respiratory vaccines in cattle held for at least 28 days in backgrounding facilities contiguous with their feedlots before feedlot entry reduces growth rate during the backgrounding period and does not result in large beneficial effects on either BRD risk or average daily live weight gain during the feedlot phase.
Research on the integration of heterogeneous information resources in university management informatization based on data mining algorithms
Authors: Zhang Hongqin , Fang Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs far as the current higher education is concerned, the information system used in teaching and management is becoming more and more abundant, and the construction of its informatization is more and more rapid. However, the construction of university informatization project is too long, and there is no unified planning and other reasons, resulting in the difficulty of information and information management cannot be shared across departments. With the deepening of informationization and inaccurate information resources, how to use data mining technology to obtain valuable information is an important issue in the research of heterogeneous information in university management informationization. Based on the analysis of the information island problem in the informatization construction of colleges and universities, taking the student management work as a pilot, a heterogeneous information resource integration platform based on distributed query is proposed. Based on the platform, the information can be effectively applied globally. By analyzing its application in student information management, it shows that data mining is an effective technology to improve the management ability and scientific research level of colleges and universities in the construction of information technology.
Environmental heterogeneity influences life‐form richness and species composition but not species richness of aquatic macrophytes in tropical coastal rivers
Authors: Nunes Laís Samira Correia , Umetsu Cristiane Akemi , Camargo Antonio Fernando Monteiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The coastal rivers of the São Paulo State in SE Brazil have different lengths and seawater influence. We evaluated whether: (1) environmental heterogeneity (EH) is associated with the species and life‐form richness of aquatic macrophytes; and (2) EH and geographical distance influence species composition in these coastal rivers.

We recorded the macrophyte species and life form occurrence and collected explanatory variables characterising the water, sediment, and river channel at 100 sampling sites over 8 rivers. We applied a principal component analysis to the explanatory variables and calculated the rivers' EH using the range of principal component 1 scores. We also determined the position of each river mouth along the coastline to measure the distance between the rivers. We used quasi‐Poisson generalised linear models to evaluate the effects of EH on richness of species and life forms. To determine the effect of EH and geographical distance (Euclidean distance matrices) on the variation in species composition (Jaccard dissimilarity matrix) among the rivers, we applied multiple regressions on distance matrices.

The most heterogeneous river had heterogeneity score about five times greater than the least heterogeneous river. Sediment salinity, river width, total phosphorus concentration of water and distance from river mouth were the most important variables contributing to the rivers' EH. We found that EH did not explain variation in species richness; however, it had a significant positive relationship with life‐form richness. The effect of EH was greater than that of the geographical distance on the variation in species composition among the rivers. The pairs of rivers with the most similar EH were the most similar in species composition, but not all of them were geographically close.

We conclude that EH influences life‐form richness but does not influence species richness of aquatic macrophytes in the coastal rivers we studied; however, EH does influence species composition regardless of geographical distance among rivers.
Nutrient dynamics under different regimes of stocking and cattle type of temperate pastures in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Okui Tatsuya , Yagi Takanori , Yamada Kazuki , Niwa Yoshimasa , Asai Kaho , Kumagai Takashi , Yoshida Yusuke , Hori Kazuya , Ugaki Ryosuke , Yamashita Shigekazu , Kato Yuta , Tsukasaki Kentaro , Saigusa Toshiya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFertilizer recommendations for day and night grazing of milking cattle on land in Hokkaido are based on previous studies of nutrient dynamics. This study confirmed the applicability of recommendations to different grazing conditions and conducted observations to extend the versatility of the fertilizer recommendation. We estimated the dynamics of fertilizer nutrients under various grazing regimes, namely with different cattle types (dairy heifers, beef breeding cows or beef heifers), stocking methods (rotational stocking or continuous stocking), seasons (throughout grass growing season or after harvest of the first crop) and times (24‐hr grazing or time restricted to 5–9 hr/day). Body weight, herbage intake and excretion were measured, and the total intake and return of nutrients to the pasture were calculated. Nutrient removal by grazing, calculated as intake minus return through excretion, increased with herbage intake. Almost all the nutrients removed under grazing throughout the growing season approached the upper or lower limits of our previously reported levels. In many cases, changes in the amounts of soil nutrients with grazing were close to the estimated amounts removed from the soil in the grass growth periods. These results show that the pasture nutrient dynamics quantified in our previous study for lactating cattle are also applicable to dairy heifers and beef cattle and to time‐restricted grazing as well as grazing after 1st cut. Regression equations were obtained to predict the fertilizer recommendations from herbage intakes for these various grazing conditions.
Biofortification with selenium and lithium improves nutraceutical properties of major winery grapes in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Zhao Hefei , Xie Xiaoqing , Read Paul , Loseke Benjamin , Gamet Stephen , Li Wenkuan , Xu Changmou 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEnriching the micronutrients, selenium (Se) and lithium (Li), in grapes to improve their nutraceutical properties were implemented by foliar application of organic fertiliser rich in Se and Li onto five grape cultivars. The effects of this biofortification on vine vigour, fruit quality, overall micronutrients and phenolic compounds also were investigated. Agronomic biofortification was found greatly increased the Se and Li content in the whole grape by multiple times, meanwhile it did not significantly affect the vine vigour and fruit quality of grapes. However, the biofortification did impact the Ionome (including all the mineral nutrients and trace elements) and phenolic compounds in grapes and this varied among cultivars. This study demonstrated foliar spray of organic Se/Li fertiliser was a very effective strategy to biofortify these micronutrients in grape berries, particularly in the skin, and therefore might be a promising strategy to increase the consumption and awareness of these grapes.
Proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of common pufferfish species in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kosker Ali Rıza , Regenstein Joe M. , Özogul Fatih 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe effects of season and gender on the proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the most widespread pufferfish species in the Mediterranean Sea (Lagocephalus sceleratus, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis and Torquigener flavimaculosus) caught in Mersin Bay, in the north‐eastern Mediterranean during four seasons were investigated. The results showed that the crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash level in pufferfish were in the range of 18.7%–21.7%, 0.61%–1.93%, 76.1%–78.6% and 1.08%–1.87%, respectively. All of the pufferfish had significant levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). However, the consumption of L. sceleratus, L. suezensis and T. flavimaculosus may be risky due to the possibility of having tetrodotoxin in their muscles. Nevertheless, L. spadiceus is a pufferfish species that is popularly consumed in East Asian countries, and is of nutritional interest and commercial potential in the Mediterranean region as well so its proximate composition and fatty acid profile are of interest.
Antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback rounds: the impact of electronic systems and moving beyond the restricted antibiotic list
Authors: Doukas Fiona F. , Cheong Elaine , McKew Genevieve , Gray Timothy J. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Gottlieb Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent methods of antimicrobial usage surveillance have limited efficacy in changing practice due to delayed reporting to clinicians and the inability to stratify by medical specialty. This study was undertaken in a tertiary teaching hospital with a well established antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programme and electronic medicines management (eMM) system in Sydney, Australia.AimsTo describe and analyse the implementation of a novel AMS audit and feedback method, in the context of an eMM system.MethodsThe AMS team conducted the audit weekly, and the study design was a prospective, observational study. All acute, adult inpatients were included in this intervention. All active systemic antimicrobial prescriptions on the day of the rounds were included.ResultsThe prevalence of patients on antimicrobial therapy was 37%. The median time taken per round was 44 min for eMM compared to 58 min for paper. All key performance indicators improved over the study period. Appropriateness compared to guidelines increased from 55% to 71%, and documentation of an indication increased from 75% to 98%. There were 1413 recommendations made, with the most common being to cease an antimicrobial agent. The recommendation uptake rate was 47% at 24 h post‐round.ConclusionsAMS rounds are an effective tool for auditing and providing feedback on antimicrobial use and should include all antimicrobials rather than solely ‘restricted’ agents. These rounds had a high uptake rate, improvements in the appropriateness of antimicrobial use, and a planned duration or review date. A benefit of eMM was improvement in the documentation of indication for antimicrobial agents, and reduced time taken to audit.
Patients’ needs and perspectives for using mobile phone interventions to improve heart failure self‐care: A qualitative study
Authors: Son Youn‐Jung , Oh Seieun , Kim Eun Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore heart failure patients’ needs and perspectives for using mobile health technology at home before developing a mobile phone‐based heart failure self‐care intervention.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to conduct semi‐structured individual interviews with patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (N = 20). Data were collected from November 2018 – May 2019. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe four themes that emerged from the interviews were as follows: ‘The demand for reliable and customized health information’, ‘Valuable features of mobile phone applications’, ‘Barriers to adopting mobile health service’, and ‘Expected benefits of using mobile health technology’. Participants in this study required personalized health‐related information and reminders for improving their self‐care behaviours. However, while difficulties in using mobile phone applications posed the main obstacle, users expected mobile health services to improve their overall quality of life.ConclusionDespite mobile phone technology's potential benefits for effective self‐care strategies at home, there were some obstacles such as security issues, application costs, and the need for user friendly designs and reliable information for patients’ optimal use.ImpactThis study highlights that healthcare professionals should consider patients’ needs and preferences to promote the acceptability of mobile health technology. This study's findings can guide the future design and implementation of mobile health interventions for improving self‐care among patients with heart failure.
Balancing Trade‐Offs between Policy Responsiveness and Effectiveness: The Impact of Vertical Policy‐Process Integration on Policy Accumulation
Authors: Knill Christoph , Steinbacher Christina , Steinebach Yves 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn modern democracies, policy stocks pile up over time. In many ways policy accumulation reflects societal modernization and progress. However, if policy accumulation is not matched by corresponding expansions in administrative capacities necessary for policy implementation, a negative trade‐off between responsiveness and policy effectiveness evolves. We argue that aligning policy formulation and implementation activities through vertical policy‐process integration (VPI) may curb policy accumulation towards a more sustainable level. Our conceptualization of VPI builds upon the distinction of two dimensions: (1) bottom‐up integration affecting policy design and improving policies’ effectiveness and (2) top‐down integration concerning the allocation of implementation costs and, hence, constraining responsiveness incentives. It is the central aim of this viewpoint to raise awareness about the importance of VPI as a potential way out of the responsiveness trap that threatens modern democracies.
Employees’ Change Support in the Public Sector—A Multi‐Time Field Study Examining the Formation of Intentions and Behaviors
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Bayiz , Straatmann Tammo , Mueller Karsten , Liu Bangcheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent micro‐level research on public sector reform and change highlights the importance of employees’ reactions to change. Based on the assumption that intentions determine behaviors, scholars have focused on the importance of understanding how change‐supportive intentions are formed. However, how change‐supportive intentions translate to change‐supportive behaviors over time has received less attention. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior and public administration literature, this study examines the formation of change‐supportive intentions and behaviors based on data from a two‐wave field study of 135 public school teachers undergoing a major top‐down reform in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results highlight the explanatory value of the psychological perspective for change‐supportive intentions as well as for change‐supportive behaviors measured nine months later. The findings of the present study are theoretically and practically relevant as they offer new insights into the psychological mechanisms involved in the formation of change support in the context of public organizations.
Hypervelocity penetration of granular silicon carbide from mesoscale simulations
Authors: Demaske Brian J. , Vogler Tracy J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Penetration of gold rods into SiC powder targets at velocities of 1 to 3 km/s are investigated using mesoscale simulations. The range of impact velocities is chosen to coincide with previous penetration experiments and represents a new regime over which to test the applicability of mesoscale simulations of granular materials. Both 2D and 3D geometries of the combined penetrator and powder system are considered. Analysis of the penetration depth histories at various impact velocities shows the penetrator undergoes an initial transient period of rapid deceleration within the first several microseconds before converging to a steady state characterized by jumps in the penetration velocity on the order of a few hundred meters per second. Steady-state penetration velocities obtained from 2D and 3D simulations agree well with one another, but lie below those computed using hydrodynamic theory, which indicates a non-zero strength for the simulated powders over this range of impact velocities. For comparable initial powder densities, 3D simulations predict steady-state penetration velocities in good agreement with those measured in penetration experiments on pre-compacted SiC powder specimens.
Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) for post-fragmentation modeling
Authors: Oltrogge Daniel L. , Vallado David A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) tool facilitates the 3D modeling and risk analysis of the fragmentation cloud after a collision or explosion. This tool uses the NASA Standard Breakup Model and other breakup models “under the hood” that are capable of estimating the Probability Density Function (PDF) of induced relative velocity, mass and area of fragments as a function of object size. DREAD can be further enhanced by incorporation of alternate, more detailed hypervelocity simulations that enforce conservation laws (conservation of mass, angular and linear momentum and kinetic energy). We also discuss our recent incorporation of an improved technique to normalize risk by the expansion volume occupied by debris fragments. DREAD is then used to examine the likely debris fragmentation cloud created by the Fengyun 1C (FY1C) antisatellite (ASAT) intercept test conducted by the Chinese in 2007 and the risk it subsequently posed to other spacecraft and the cloud’s evolution and dispersal.
Study on Shaped Charge Jet Initiation of Solid Rocket Motors
Authors: CUI Hao , GUO Rui , SONG Pu , XU Jinsheng , GU Xiaohui , LIU Rongzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to study the mechanism of initiation of solid rocket motors under the impact of shaped charge jets, a shaped charge jet initiation test was experimentally studied to evaluate the safety of the motor under attack in the battlefield environment. The ex-perimental results indicated that the motor had a detonation reaction under the shaped charge jet impact. The response of the mo-tor was recorded by a high-speed camera. In addition, the mechanism of initiation of the propellant charge was evaluated using by numerical simulations. Pressure-time and reaction-time curves of propellants were analyzed in this paper.
Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of a Glass-Epoxy Composite Material Under High Velocity Oblique Impacts
Authors: Key Christopher T. , Alexander C. Scott 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Composite materials are widely used in both the defense and commercial sectors for various applications. Many of these applications present the possibility of the composite material being subjected to high-velocity impacts, where the strain rates can be on the order of 106 s-1 or more and the pressures are often in the tens of GPa. The work presented in this paper expands upon previous work for the same materials where the impacts were normal to the composite material [1] by considering the non-ideal condition of oblique impacts that are more likely to occur in regular use.