bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Minor stroke or TIA Patients with Multiple Acute Infarctions and Lower Level of Stress Hyperglycemic Marker – A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Suo Yue , Jing Jing , Wang Anxin , Zhang Yijun , Zhou Hongyu , Chen Weiqi , Pan Yuesong , Li Hao , Liu Liping , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Meng Xia , Wang Yong-Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background We intended to investigate how the interaction between glycemic status and infarction pattern affected the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet treatment in minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients.Methods This post-hoc analysis of the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) study included 797 patients with complete data of stress hyperglycemia markers (fasting plasma glucose (FPG)/glycated albumin (GA) ratio) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging work-up. The primary outcome is a 90-day new stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic). Other endpoints included combined vascular events and bleeding events at 90 days. We used multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the influence of stress hyperglycemia status × infarction pattern (Multiple acute infarctions (MAI), Single acute infarction (SAI) and No acute infarction (NAI)) on the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment.Results Among 797 patients, the median age was 63.1 years, and 64.9% of the patients were male. Within the 90-day after randomization, 73 (9.2%) new strokes 75 (9.4%) combined vascular events, and 17 (2.1%) bleeding events occurred. Dual antiplatelet treatment significantly reduced new stroke and combined vascular events in patients with lower FPG/GA ratio (lower than the median of FPG/GA ratio) and multiple acute infarctions, after adjusted for all potential confounders (11.9% vs. 23.3%, adjusted HR(95% confidence interval, CI): 0.240(0.080–0.713)). No significant reductions of recurrence or occurrence of combined vascular events were seen in the other three groups (NAI or SAI with lower FPG/GA ratio; NAI or SAI with higher FPG/GA ratio and MA with higher FPG/GA ratio). The proportion of bleeding events was similar among treatment groups regardless of the FPG/GA ratio or infarction pattern.Conclusions Clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment was associated with reduced 90-day new stroke or combined vascular events in patients with multiple acute infarctions and lower FPG/GA ratio, without increasing the risk of bleeding events.
Willingness to join and pay for Social Health Insurance among Public Servants in Arba Minch town, Gammo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulatu Bahiru , Mekuria Aleme , Tassew Berhane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Ethiopia plans to introduce social health insurance scheme for the formal sector. The scheme contribution will be collected as 3% of an employee’s monthly gross salary from both employee and employer. The scheme is expected to enhance access to health care, however, there is a concern that majority of civil servants were not willing to join and pay for it. Therefore, this study aims to assess willingness to join and pay for the newly proposed social health insurance among public servants in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia.Methods Institution based, Cross-sectional study design was used among 713 randomly selected public servants in Arba Minch town. Multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected by using a pre-tested, self-administered, structured questionnaire and then it was cleaned, coded, entered in to Epidata v.3.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 statistical package for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of willingness to join and pay for Social Health Insurance. Odds ratio less than 0.05 was used as cut-off point and 95% CI was used to report the finding. Open question contingent valuation method was also used to analyze willingness to pay for the scheme.Result Among the total of 692 respondents, 254 (36.7%) were willing to join the scheme. Out of those who were willing to join 171 (24.7%) respondents were willing to pay less than 1% and 41(5.9%) respondents were willing to pay 2–3% of their gross monthly salary. Interest to join the scheme was found to be affected by an awareness of the scheme, household size, regularly listening for health information and participation in the social network.Conclusion There is limited knowledge and awareness about the design of health issuance. Majority of the respondents were not willing to join and pay the proposed amount for the scheme. Provision of health information on mass media could be used as one strategy to enhance the understanding of health insurance and to change perception on social health insurance scheme.
Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women using dot-immunogold-silver staining with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii peroxiredoxin protein
Authors: liu zhuan-zhuan , Li Xue-yan , Fu Lin-lin , Yuan Fei , Tang Ren-xian , Liu Yi-sheng , Zheng Kui-yang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii infection endangers human health and affects animal husbandry. Serological detection is the main method used for epidemiological investigations and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The key to effective diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is the use of a standardized antigen and a specific and sensitive detection method. Peroxiredoxin is an antigenic protein and vaccine candidate antigen of T. gondii that has not yet been exploited for diagnostic application.
Methods
In this study, recombinant T. gondii peroxiredoxin protein (rTgPrx) was prepared and used in dot-immunogold-silver staining (Dot-IGSS) to detect IgG antibodies in serum from mice and pregnant women. The rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS method was established and optimized using mouse serum. Furthermore, serum samples from pregnant women were analyzed by rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS.
Results
Forty serum samples from mice infected with T. gondii and twenty negative serum samples were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS were 97.5% and 100%, respectively, equivalent to those of a commercial ELISA kit for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Furthermore, 540 serum samples from pregnant women were screened with a commercial ELISA kit. Eighty-three positive and 60 negative serum samples were analyzed by rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS. The positive rate was 95.18%, comparable to that obtained with the commercial ELISA kit.
Conclusions
The Dot-IGSS method with rTgPrx as an antigen might be useful for diagnosing T. gondii infection in individuals.
Thrombolysis Implementation Intervention and Clinical Outcome: A Secondary Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.
Authors: Hasnain Md Golam , Paul Christine L , Attia John R , Ryan Annika , Kerr Erin , Oldmeadow Christopher , D’Este Catherine A , Bivard Andrew , Hubbard Isobel J , Milton Abul Hasnat , Levi Christopher R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Multiple studies have attempted to increase the rate of intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke using interventions to promote adherence to guidelines. Still, many of them did not measure individual-level impact. This study aimed to make a posthoc comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients in the “Thrombolysis ImPlementation in Stroke (TIPS)” study, which aimed to improve rates of intravenous thrombolysis in Australia.Methods A posthoc analysis was conducted using individual-level patient data. Excellent and poor clinical outcome and parenchymal haematoma were the three main outcomes, and a mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the difference between the intervention and control groups.Results There was a non-significantly higher odds of having an excellent clinical outcome of 57% (odds ratio: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.73–3.39) and 33% (odds ratio: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.73–2.44) during the active-and post-intervention period respectively, for the intervention compared to the control group. A non-significantly lower odds of having a poor clinical outcome was also found in the intervention, relative to control group of 4% (odds ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.56–2.07) and higher odds of having poor outcome of 44% (odds ratio: 1.44 95% CI: 0.61–3.41) during both active and post-intervention period respectively. Similarly, a non-significant lower odds of parenchymal haematoma was also found for the intervention group during the both active- (odds ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.21–1.32) and post-intervention period (odds ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.36–2.52).Conclusion The TIPS multi-component implementation approach was not effective in reducing the odds of post-treatment severe disability at 90 days, or post-thrombolysis hemorrhage.Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/ Unique Identifier: ACTRN12613000939796.
Indoor temperature and respiratory disease–related emergency department visits: a study of cumulative effects among older adults in Taiwan
Authors: Jung Chien-Cheng , Hsia Ying-Fang , Hsu Nai-Yun , Wang Yu-Chun , Su Huey-Jen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Studies have demonstrated that exposure to extreme outdoor temperatures increases respiratory diseases related mortality and morbidity, especially in older adults. However, older adults spend over 80% of their time indoors, and the cumulative effects of exposure to indoor temperature on the risk of respiratory diseases have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to study the cumulative effect of indoor temperature exposure on emergency department visit due to respiratory diseases among older adults.
Methods

Participant data were collected from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2014 in Taiwan. The cumulative degree hour was used to reflect the cumulative effect of indoor temperature exposure. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the association between cumulative degree hour and emergency department visit due to respiratory diseases.
Results

Our findings revealed a significant risk of emergency department visits due to respiratory diseases at 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 °C when cooling cumulative degree hours exceeded 60, 30, 19, 1, and 1, respectively, during the hot season (May to October) and at 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 °C when heating cumulative degree hours exceeded 1, 1, 1, 39, and 49, respectively, during the cold season (November to April).
Conclusions

We conclude that the cumulative effects of indoor temperature exposure should be considered to reduce respiratory disease risk under climate change.
UBR-Box Containing Protein, UBR5, is Over-Expressed in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma and is a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Saurabh Kumar , Shah Parag P , Doll Mark , Siskind Leah J , Beverly Levi J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:N-end rule ubiquitination pathway is known to be disrupted in many diseases, including cancer. UBR5, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is mutated and/or overexpressed in human lung cancer cells suggesting its pathological role in cancer. Methods: We determined expression of UBR5 protein in multiple lung cancer cell lines and human patient samples.Using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry we determined the UBR5 interacting proteins. The impact of loss of UBR5 for lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was analyzed using cell viability, clonogenic assays and in vivo xenograft models in nude mice. Additional Western blot analysis was performed to assess the loss of UBR5 on downstream signaling. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA for in vitro studies and Wilcoxon paired t-test for tumor volumes in vivo.Results:We show variability of UBR5 expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and in primary human patient samples.To gain better insight into the role that UBR5 may play in lung cancer progression we performed unbiased interactome analyses for UBR5. Dataindicate that UBR5 has a wide range of interacting protein partners that are known to be involved in critical cellular processes such as DNA damage, proliferation and cell cycle regulation. We have demonstrated thatshRNA-mediated lossof UBR5 decreases cell viabilityand clonogenic potential of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.In addition, we founddecreased levels of activatedAKT signaling after the loss of UBR5 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines using multiple means of UBR5 knockdown/knockout. Furthermore, we demonstrated that loss of UBR5 in lung adenocarcinoma cells results in significant reduction of tumor volume in nude mice. Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that deregulation of the N-end rule ubiquitination pathway plays a crucial role in the etiology of some human cancers, and blocking this pathway via UBR5-specific inhibitors, may represent a unique therapeutic target for human cancers.
PD-L1, an Important Immune Checkpoint Regulator, Is Suppressed by miR-34a in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Higashi Kenjiro , Ogawa Takenori , Saiki Yuriko , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Kobayashi Yuta , Ohkoshi Akira , Nakanome Ayako , Katori Yukio , Horii Akira 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Key molecules regulating the immune checkpoint have shed light on the efforts to control several cancers. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy such as antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) have been developed. In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), such immune checkpoint inhibitors have come into clinical use and are expected to improve patients’ prognoses. Recently, miR-34a has been shown to be a downstream micro RNA of TP53 that regulates PD-L1 in several types of cancer. To reveal the correlations between miR-34a and PD-L1 in HNSCCs in terms of clinical significance, we analyzed 19 HNSCC cell lines.Methods: We measured the expression levels of miR-34a and PD-L1 in 10 HNSCC cell lines as well as in 9 of their derived acquired cisplatin (CDDP) resistant cell lines by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results were further analyzed by their TP53 statuses. We also investigated the changes in PD-L1 expression levels after miR-34a precursor- or inhibitor-mediated forced expression or suppression in HNSCC cell lines. Results: We observed inverse correlations between both mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-34a and PD-L1. No significant differences in miR-34a levels were observed with regard to TP53 status. Forced expression of miR-34a decreased PD-L1 expression, and suppression of miR-34a increased PD-L1 expression. Conclusion: Our present results suggest that miR-34a negatively regulates PD-L1 expression, possibly in a TP53 independent manner in HNSCC.
Asymmetrical Cortical Vein Sign Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Severe Intracranial Arterial Stenosis or Occlusion
Authors: Li Wei , Xiao Wei-Min , Luo Gen-Pei , Liu Yong-Lin , Qu Jian-feng , Fang Xue-Wen , Wang Fang , Chen Yang-Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) provides a rough assessment of tissue perfusion with the prominent hypointense cortical veins in the ischemic territory due to increased concentration of deoxyhemoglobin. We aimed to evaluate whether asymmetrical prominent cortical vein sign (APCVS) on SWI can predict early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke patients with severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion (SIASO).Results: One hundred and nine acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO who underwent SWI were retrospectively recruited. END was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) increasement≧2 points despite standard treatment in the first 72h after admission. APCVS was defined as more and/or large vessels with greater signal loss than those in the opposite hemisphere on SWI. Thirty out of the 109 (27.5%) patients developed END. Sixty (55.0%) patients presented with APCVS on SWI. APCVS occurred in 24 (80%) patients with END, whereas it only occurred in 36 (45.6%) patients without END (P=0.001). Patient with APCVS were more likely to have END (40.0%, vs. 12.2%, P=0.001), in comparation with those without END. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that APCVS (OR=4.349, 95% C.I.=1.580-11.970, P=0.004) was a significant predictor of END in acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO, adjusted for previous stroke history and acute infarct volume.Conclusions: In acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO, APCVS might be a useful neuroimaging marker for predicting END, suggesting the importance of evaluation of perfusion status.
Stroke Occurring on the Left or Right Side of the Brain Can Be Identified by the Analysis of Retinal Images: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zhuo Yuanyuan , Lin Jiaye , Wu Jiaman , Qu Yimin , Lee Jock-Wai , Huang Xingxian , Yu Haibo , Zhang Jinwen , Yang Zhuoxin , Zee Benny Chung-Ying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The burden of stroke in China has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. Specifying the treatment according to the side of stroke in the brain might be an effective way to reduce the burden. Current imaging tools to identify the side of brain stroke, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, there is a great need for a rapid and inexpensive assessment. In this case, retinal image analysis is a possible approach for stroke side identification. This study aimed at determining the association between retinal characteristics and the stroke side and to establish a predictive model for further investigation.Methods: A total of 168 patients (89 left-sided stroke patients and 79 right-sided stroke patients) were recruited from the Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in the study. Retinal characteristics were analysed using an automated retinal image analysis (ARIA) system. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify and develop predictive models.Results: Each unit increase in the right eye bifurcation coefficient of arterioles increased the risk of right-side stroke by 7.523 times (95% CI, 1.823–31.044). Additionally, an elevated bifurcation coefficient of venules in the right eye also increased the risk of stroke in the right side of the brain, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.377 (95% CI, 1.771–30.724). A complex retinal composite score was also associated with a higher risk of right-side stroke (OR, 4.955; 95% CI, 3.061–8.022).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that retinal images can provide useful information for stroke side identification, and specific retinal characteristics may help predict the occurrence of stroke.Trial registration: Acupuncture Clinical Trail Redistry, ChiCTR1800019647, Registered 01 November 2018, AMCTR-OPC-18000228.
Worldwide Patterns in Alzheimer’s Disease and other Dementias Prevalence from 1990 to 2017: A Growth Mixture Models Approach
Authors: Borumandnia Nasrin , Majd Hamid Alavi , Khadembashi Naghmeh , Olazadeh Keyvan , Alaii Hojat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background This study was designed to monitor the longitudinal trends of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADD) prevalence among world countries, as well as classifying them into clusters in which countries within each cluster have similar trends over time.Methods The ADD prevalence in 195 countries during 1990–2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study’s database. The Latent Growth Models (LGMs) and also Latent Growth Mixture models (LGMM) were applied for trend analysis.Results The highest and the lowest increase in ADD were observed in Europe and Africa, respectively. Increase in ADD was higher in women. LGMM allocated Nordic Countries in the class with a downward trend with a downward trend, with rate of -11.5 in 100000 person in every 2 years. Japan alone entered a class with a dramatically sharp increase with rate of 185 in 100000 person in every 2 years, the highest rank in ADD trend. Most European and American countries were entered into classes with higher increasing trend, rate between 20.4 and 53.6 in 100000 person in every 2 years, relative to the most of Asian countries which were less likely to have the increase of ADD, with rate of 6.45 in 100000 person in every 2 years.Conclusion A substantial difference was observed in ADD trend among the countries: the decline in Nordic countries, which could be due to "Health Care of the elderly in the Nordic Countries" program, and the highly differentiated ascending trend in Japan, which is not necessarily due to the aging population; none of other countries, which have elderly population too, witnessed such sharp increase in their ADD. The clarification of the cause of the last finding calls for more epidemiological studies.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of astaxanthin accumulation difference between non-motile cells and akinetes of Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Jingkui , Fei Zhongnan , Wan Minxi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Nature astaxanthin is mainly derived from Haematococcus pluvialis. H. pluvialis has four kinds of cell morphology. Based on sequential heterotrophy-dilution-photoinduction (SHDP) technology, photoinduction using non-motile cells as seeds could result in a higher astaxanthin production than that of using brown akinetes as photoinduction seeds. To have a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon, transcriptome analysis was conducted in this study.Results: Though most of photosynthesis genes expression were down-regulated during the SHDP culture process. Comparing with the group using brown akinetes as photoinduction seeds, the genes expression involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis and photosynthesis were up-regulated in the non-motile cells group. Especially, chyb gene improving the conversion of β-carotene into astaxanthin was up-regulated by 2.6-fold. The acaca gene enhancing the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA was up-regulated by 1.4-fold.Conclusions: Astaxanthin synthesis mechanism of non-motile cells with higher astaxanthin accumulation ability than brown akinetes was attributed to the up-regulation of astaxanthin metabolism, lipid metabolism and photosynthesis-related genes expression. The results are expected to guide the optimization of astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis by improving lipid content or photosynthesis.
Rutin trihydrate attenuated cisplatin- induced cardiac toxicity in isolated perfused rat’s hearts
Authors: Bukhari Ishfaq , Mohamed Osama Yousif , Lateef Rahmathunnisa , Fatima Sabiha , Vohra Fahim , Afzal Sibtain 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of rutin against cisplatin induced toxic effects on the mechanical performance of the myocardium, histopathology, and oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat hearts.
Methods

Cardiotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed at three dosage levels (1, 7, and 14 mg/l) in the isolated perfused rat hearts. The toxic effect of cisplarin was assessed on left ventricular pressure (LVP), heart rate (HR), dp/dt(max), dp/dt (min), perfusion pressure, pressure-time index, contractility index and duration of diastole. Measurements were carried out one minute before perfusion of cisplatin and 60 minutes after perfusion.
Results

Cisplatin reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner LVP, dp/dt(max), dp/dt(min) and pressure- time index. Perfusion of rutin trihydrate (1 µM/l), 10 minutes before administration of cisplatin and throughout the experiment significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the detrimental effects of cisplatin on cardiac parameters. Cisplatin caused degeneration and necrosis of cardiac muscle cells, while rutin reduced these changes and restored normal heart histology. Moreover, cisplatin reduced the myocardium concentration of reduced glutathione and increased the level of malondialdehyde, whereas rutin almost reversed these changes.
Conclusion

Cisplatin-induced dose-dependent impairment of several parameters of cardiac function and produced histopathological alterations in isolated rat hearts. These harmful effects of cisplatin were ameliorated by rutin trihydrate. These findings suggest the potential protective effects of rutin trihydrate against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity.