bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background nutrient concentration determines phytoplankton bloom response to marine heatwaves
Authors: Hayashida Hakase , Matear Richard J. , Strutton Peter G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOcean temperature extreme events such as marine heatwaves are expected to intensify in coming decades due to anthropogenic global warming. Reported ecological and economic impacts of marine heatwaves include coral bleaching, local extinction of mangrove and kelp forests and elevated mortalities of invertebrates, fishes, seabirds and marine mammals. In contrast, little is known about the impacts of marine heatwaves on microbes that regulate biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Here we analyse the daily output of a near‐global ocean physical–biogeochemical model simulation to characterize the impacts of marine heatwaves on phytoplankton blooms in 23 tropical and temperate oceanographic regions from 1992 to 2014. The results reveal regionally coherent anomalies of shallower surface mixing layers and lower surface nitrate concentrations during marine heatwaves. These anomalies exert counteracting effects on phytoplankton growth through light and nutrient limitation. Consequently, the responses of phytoplankton blooms are mixed, but can be related to the background nutrient conditions of the study regions. The blooms are weaker during marine heatwaves in nutrient‐poor waters, whereas in nutrient‐rich waters, the heatwave blooms are stronger. The corresponding analyses of sea‐surface temperature, chlorophyll a and nitrate based on satellite observations and in situ climatology support this relationship between phytoplankton bloom anomalies and background nitrate concentration. Given that nutrient‐poor waters are projected to expand globally in the 21st century, this study suggests increased occurrence of weaker blooms during marine heatwaves in coming decades, with implications for higher trophic levels and biogeochemical cycling of key elements.
Detecting the intellectual pathway of resilience thinking in urban and regional studies: A critical reflection on resilience literature
Authors: Mai Xin , Chan Roger C. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConfronted with increasing natural and anthropogenic crises, sustainable urban and regional development requires a sound understanding of how cities and regions respond to those crises and how that response shapes their continued development. The conceptual ambiguity and missing link among varied perspectives of resilience studies have given rise to a sneaking suspicion about the contribution of resilience thinking. By conducting a network analysis of 1,274 papers published between 1991 and 2019 using CiteSpace, we detect and visualize the intellectual pathway of resilience thinking and argue for its malleability to deepen our understanding about human‐environment dynamics. Three major research clusters were identified: adaptive capacity of ecosystems, regional variation in economic resilience, and social resilience of disadvantaged communities. Resistance and recovery of systems are the key concerns in the first two clusters, whereas social resilience emphasizes opportunities and processes of restructuring rather than returning to the pre‐crisis status. The extension of resilience thinking to the social realm is a promising area for future research. It calls for a shift of epistemology from the deterministic structure‐function hypothesis which is place‐less toward a situated understanding of context, relation, and human adaptation despite the methodological challenges ahead.
Characterisation of alkaline and enzymatic modified insoluble dietary fibre from Undaria pinnatifida
Authors: Zhou Dingpeng , Liu Jing , Liu Shaowei , Liu Xue , Tang Xiaozhi , Lv Xueze 
Published: June 2020

SummaryUndaria pinnatifida insoluble dietary fibre (UIDF) was modified by alkali (NaOH solution) and complex enzyme (xylanase and cellulase) to improve the physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface structure after modification was rough and loose. The characteristic absorption peaks in Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that enzymes can further hydrolyse the UIDF than alkali mainly in amorphous region, and increased the soluble dietary fibre content to 16.31%. The alkaline and complex enzymatic modification both resulted in higher water retention capacity, water swelling capacity, oil absorption capacity, glucose adsorption capacity and the inhibition ability towards α‐amylase. The complex enzymatic modification exhibited better features in almost all properties, and the modification did not change the inhibiting mechanism on α‐amylase (non‐competitive type). Overall, both two modifications could effectively improve the properties of UIDF, which may promote its use in food applications.
Conceptualising Art Education as Environmental Activism in Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Inwood Hilary , Kennedy Alysse 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores how art and design education can contribute to the imperative of climate change and help societies adapt to living more sustainably. Drawing on methods from arts‐based research and qualitative case study, it reports on an investigation into what can be learned from creating environmental art installations with preservice teachers (those training to be K‐12 teachers), as part of an environmental art education programme in a leading Canadian university. Findings support that preservice teachers experienced behavioural and attitudinal shifts towards sustainability after engaging in the processes of creating environmental art; involvement in the programme also provided opportunities for building community, engaging multiple domains of learning, modelling sustainable art‐making practices and prompting environmental activism. The results of this study inform a developing pedagogy for environmental art education in higher education settings.
Up‐regulation of CHMP4B alleviates microglial necroptosis induced by traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhao Pengzhan , Li Chong , Chen Binglin , Sun Guangchi , Chao Honglu , Tu Yiming , Bao Zhongyuan , Fan Liang , Du Xiaoliu , Ji Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroglial cells are key component of central nervous system (CNS) and mediate the immune response of the brain under physiological or pathological conditions. It tends to activate into a pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and promote secondary brain damage. Recently, necroptosis was found to promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation after TBI. However, the mechanism and specific interventions of microglial necroptosis after TBI remain poorly investigated. Here, we reported that overexpress the charged multivesicular body protein 4b (CHMP4B) which is a core member of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT‐III) significantly decreased the level of necroptosis in microglia, improved neurological function recovery and protected against cell death after TBI. Further investigation showed that forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) was a crucial transcription factor that increased CHMP4B transcription by binding to the promoter region, thereby inhibiting necroptosis in microglia. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CHMP4B relieved microglial necroptosis and neuroinflammation after TBI, and promote the recovery of nerve function. FOXO1 is an important factor in promoting CHMP4B expression. This study provides the novel viewpoint for TBI prevention and treatment.
Continuity of health anxiety from childhood to adolescence and associated healthcare costs: a prospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Rimvall Martin K. , Jeppesen Pia , Skovgaard Anne Mette , Verhulst Frank , Olsen Else Marie , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSevere health anxiety (HA) is characterized by excessive and impairing worry and preoccupation with health issues and can cause increased and unnecessary medical examinations. HA in childhood and adolescence is scarcely explored, hindering the potential for prevention and early intervention.MethodsHA was assessed in 1,278 children/youths at two time points at ages 11 and 16 years in a general population‐based birth cohort. Register‐based data on costs related to nonhospital‐based primary and secondary somatic health services were obtained over the follow‐up period. The presence of functional somatic symptoms, emotional disorders and chronic somatic illness at baseline were included as covariates.ResultsHigh HA (top 10% score) at age 11 predicted high HA at age 16 (relative risk [RR] 2.03, 95% CI: 1.26–3.31). The group with persistent HA was small (n = 17, 1.3%), resulting in broad confidence intervals. The statistical effect of HA at age 11 on HA at age 16 was heavily reduced after adjustment for sex and all covariates (RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.85–2.60). In the adjusted model, somatic illness at age 11 (RR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.22–2.98) and female sex (RR: 3.33, 95% CI: 2.01–5.50) were independently associated with HA at age 16. Persistent HA was associated with approximately doubled healthcare costs compared to the group with consistently low HA. Incident HA at age 16 was associated with increased costs over follow‐up. The increased costs were not explained by chronic somatic illness.ConclusionsA small subgroup of children had persistent high levels of HA from late childhood to adolescence and displayed increased healthcare costs. Female sex and chronic somatic disorders at age 11 were independent risk factors of HA at age 16. These findings provide potential means of early identification and of therapeutic levers. Further intervention development and evaluation are needed.
Cutaneous manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a clinical update
Authors: Gisondi P. , PIaserico S. , Bordin C. , Alaibac M. , Girolomoni G. , Naldi L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) a global pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 virus). A consistent number of case reports and clinical series have been already published describing a complex spectrum of skin manifestations associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We carried out a review of the English‐language literature up to 20 May 2020, reporting original cases or case series of the cutaneous manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The search of papers was conducted by using the key term ‘COVID‐19’ or ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’ or ‘coronavirus’ combined with each of the following: ‘skin’, ‘cutaneous’, ‘dermatologic’ or ‘dermatology’, ‘manifestation’, ‘lesions’, or ‘rash’. The patterns of dermatological manifestations associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could be classified into four categories: exanthema (varicella‐like, papulo‐vesicular and morbilliform rash), vascular (chilblain‐like, purpuric/petechial and livedoid lesions), urticarial and acro‐papular eruption. Lastly, other skin manifestations to be considered are the cutaneous adverse reactions to the drugs prescribed for the treatment of COVID‐19. Whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can directly cause a worsening of chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis remains to be determined. Dermatology's outlook in the COVID‐19 pandemic is multidimensional.
The true identity of Bryconops cyrtogaster (Norman), and description of a new species of BryconopsKner (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from the Rio Jari, lower Amazon basin
Authors: Silva‐Oliveira Cárlison , Moreira Cristiano R. , Lima Flávio C. T. , Py‐Daniel Lúcia Rapp 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBryconops cyrtogaster, a poorly known species endemic from the Oyapock River at the border between French Guyana and Brazil, is redescribed herein based on examination of available type material, as well as newly collected material. Additionally, a new rheophilic species from the rio Jari rapids, lower Amazon basin, Brazil, is described. The two species belong to the subgenus Creatochanes and are unique among the congeneres for possessing a posteriorly positioned humeral blotch at the level of the sixth and seventh lateral line scales. They differ from each other by meristic and morphometric characters. The list of endemic species in the rio Jari basin is revised.
Prediction of size and mass of pistachio kernels using random Forest machine learning
Authors: Vidyarthi Sriram K. , Tiwari Rakhee , Singh Samrendra K. , Xiao Hong‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe size and mass of the pistachio kernels are important parameters in pistachio industry worldwide, which are generally associated with pistachio classification and consumer's approval. In this study, we proposed a technique that accurately measures the size and mass of raw pistachio kernels simultaneously using image processing and machine‐learning ensemble. An image‐processing algorithm applying recursive method was used to detect a pistachio kernel from an image and estimate its size based on the pixels occupied. The number of pixels representing a pistachio kernel was used as its digital impression to estimate its size and mass. We employed Random Forest (RF) model to predict the mass of the individual pistachio kernels based on the patterns derived from the pistachio pixels in the image. The mean measured length (18.002 mm) of 100 pistachio kernels were close to the RF predicted length (18.608 mm). Similar close correlation for individual measured pistachio kernel mass and predicted mass was noticed having a bootstrapped residual of 0.036 ± 0.004 g with a class interval of 0.0358–0.0362 at 95% confidence level. Compared to the regression model, bootstrapping and uncertainty quantification showed a good prediction accuracy and robustness of the RF model.Practical ApplicationsThe size of pistachio kernels is a crucial factor in defining pistachio grades commercially. Current pistachio grading in industry is still performed manually, which is tedious, time consuming, labor intensive and subject to human error and inconsistency. The developed machine learning algorithm based on Random Forest combined with image processing in this study can be a very useful tool in pistachio industry for rapid classification of pistachio worldwide.
Improving the reliability of chemical manufacturing life cycle inventory constructed using secondary data
Authors: Meyer David E. , Cashman Sarah , Gaglione Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study proposes methods to improve data mining workflows for modeling chemical manufacturing life cycle inventory. Secondary data sources can provide valuable information about environmental releases during chemical manufacturing. However, the often facility‐level nature of the data challenges their utility for modeling specific processes and can impact the quality of the resulting inventory. First, a thorough data source analysis is performed to establish data quality scoring and create filtering rules to resolve data selection issues when source and species overlaps arise. A method is then introduced to develop context‐based filter rules that leverage process metadata within data sources to improve how facility air releases are attributed to specific processes and increase the technological correlation and completeness of the inventory. Finally, a sanitization method is demonstrated to improve data quality by minimizing the exclusion of confidential business information (CBI). The viability of the methods is explored using case studies of cumene and sodium hydroxide production in the United States. The attribution of air releases using process context enables more sophisticated filtering to remove unnecessary flows from the inventory. The ability to sanitize and incorporate CBI is promising because it increases the sample size, and therefore representativeness, when constructing geographically averaged inventories. Future work will focus on expanding the application of context‐based data filtering to other types and sources of environmental data.
Utility of platelet‐rich plasma for treatment of striae distensae: A current exploration
Authors: Heitmiller Kerry , Wang Jordan V. , Murgia Robert D. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has recently become a popular treatment for various skin conditions, including striae distensae, acne scars, traumatic scars, hair regrowth, and cutaneous rejuvenation. Although PRP has been utilized in orthopedics for many years, its recent entry into dermatology has been met with controversy. While the recent research has generally been limited and is often contradictory, this has differed from the persuasive marketing campaigns targeting patients and consumers. Aesthetic practitioners should be knowledgeable with the available evidence for PRP in the treatment of striae distensae. Here, we review the pertinent literature and offer additional insights.
Self‐contrast study of pinprick therapy combined with super pulse fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scars
Authors: Yang Zhi , Jiang Song , Zhang Yiqiong , Chen Yuan , Tan Yaxin , Su Hong , Xiong Ying , Li Qiongyan , He Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThis study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a “double‐layer” mode of super pulse fractional CO2 laser and a combined treatment of pinprick therapy with fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.MethodsA split‐face and self‐contrast method was applied. A total of 20 patients with atrophic acne scars randomly received the above mentioned therapy on the left or right side of the cheek for 3 times with an interval of 3 months. ECCA scores, IVA scores, patients’ satisfaction, VAS scores, and adverse reactions were evaluated.ResultsAtrophic acne scars on both sides of the cheek were improved obviously. The ECCA scores showed a significant decrease, while IVA scores significantly increased. Compared with the super pulse fractional CO2 laser group, the decrease of ECCA scores, the increase of IVA scores, and the patients’ satisfaction were significantly higher and improvement on V‐shaped and U‐shaped acne scars was significantly better in the combined treatment group. No patients had severe adverse reactions such as blister, infection, or hypertrophic scars.ConclusionsSuper pulse fractional CO2 laser and pinprick treatment combined with fractional CO2 laser are both safe and effective therapy for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.
Glycolic acid adjusted to pH 4 stimulates collagen production and epidermal renewal without affecting levels of proinflammatory TNF‐alpha in human skin explants
Authors: Narda Mridvika , Trullas Carles , Brown Anthony , Piquero‐Casals Jaime , Granger Corinne , Fabbrocini Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlycolic acid (GA) is an effective way of reversing the signs of age and photodamage. GA enhances desquamation of the stratum corneum and induces biological responses that can help restore skin's integrity. GA can, however, cause irritation, especially when its concentration is high, and its pH is low. Thus, most commercially available products for home use contain relatively low GA concentrations and are partially neutralized to a pH around 4.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the biological effects and relative efficacy of cosmetic formulations containing GA at concentrations ranging from 8% to 25% at pH 4 in human ex vivo skin explants.MethodsHuman skin explants were topically treated with gel formulations and oil‐in‐water creams containing 8%, 10%, 15%, or 25% GA, adjusted to pH 4, daily for 5 days. The degree of desquamation, their effect on cell proliferation, and their impact upon total collagen levels were determined 24 hours later. Levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were measured after days 3 and 6.ResultsAll formulations effectively induced desquamation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Total collagen levels were increased at all concentrations, with greatest effects at higher GA concentrations. No effect on TNF‐α expression was observed.ConclusionsThese data suggest that partially neutralized GA formulations retain skin rejuvenating properties without causing irritation and inflammation and that their use can be tailored to individual needs based on the concentration of GA in the formulation.
Stratification of Fabry mutations in clinical practice: a closer look at α‐galactosidase A‐3D structure
Authors: Rickert V. , Wagenhäuser L. , Nordbeck P. , Wanner C. , Sommer C. , Rost S. , Üçeyler N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage and multi‐system disorder due to mutations in the α‐galactosidase A (α‐GalA) gene. We investigated the impact of individual amino acid exchanges in the α‐GalA 3D‐structure on the clinical phenotype of FD patients.Patients and methodsWe enrolled 80 adult FD patients with α‐GalA missense mutations and stratified them into three groups based on the amino acid exchange location in the α‐GalA 3D‐structure: patients with active site mutations, buried mutations and other mutations. Patient subgroups were deep phenotyped for clinical and laboratory parameters and FD‐specific treatment.ResultsPatients with active site or buried mutations showed a severe phenotype with multi‐organ involvement and early disease manifestation. Patients with other mutations had a milder phenotype with less organ impairment and later disease onset. α‐GalA activity was lower in patients with active site or buried mutations than in those with other mutations (P < 0.01 in men; P < 0.05 in women) whilst lyso‐Gb3 levels were higher (P < 0.01 in men; <0.05 in women).ConclusionsThe type of amino acid exchange location in the α‐GalA 3D‐structure determines disease severity and temporal course of symptom onset. Patient stratification using this parameter may become a useful tool in the management of FD patients.
Being arealnurse: A secondary qualitative analysis of how public health nurses rework their work identities
Authors: Drevdahl Denise J. , Canales Mary K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany Western nations are emphasizing the importance of population health across health care delivery organizations and education systems. Despite significant momentum to integrate population health into nursing practice, a parallel effort to examine how these efforts impact practicing nurses' views of their professional role and work identity has not occurred. This secondary qualitative analysis, employing an abductive approach, explored processes public health nurses use in creating and maintaining their work identity through three organizing themes: narrative self‐identity, mandated identity, and identity as struggle. The analysis was based on interview data collected from 30 US public health nurses residing in 17 states. ‘Being a real nurse’ describes public health nurses' efforts to balance a contradictory work identity where at times they are expected to focus on populations and at other times, on individuals. The identity work revealed through this study should be further explicated and specific strategies developed for stabilizing a work identity for public health nurses, as well as for any nurse charged with a population health role.