bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA MYLK promotes tumour growth and metastasis via modulating miR‐513a‐5p/VEGFC signalling in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Jianfa , Huang ChenChen , Zou Yifan , Yu Jing , Gui Yaoting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are promising biomarkers, as they play significant roles in the development of various cancers. The circular RNA MYLK (circMYLK) has been reported to be involved in the development of malignant tumours, including liver, prostate and bladder cancers. Nevertheless, the biological function of circMYLK in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that circMYLK is notably up‐regulated in RCC. Increased circMYLK expression led to a larger tumour size, distant metastasis and poor prognosis of RCC patients. Moreover, circMYLK silencing repressed RCC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circMYLK can capture miR‐513a‐5p to facilitate VEGFC expression and further promote the tumorigenesis of RCC cells. In summary, our findings demonstrate that circMYLK has an oncogenic role in RCC growth and metastasis by modulating miR‐513a‐5p/VEGFC signalling. Thus, circMYLK has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of RCC.
Histology at diagnostic gastroscopy predicts outcome after intestinal resection in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Tan Zien Vanessa , Kosana Kiranmai , Savarino Jeffrey , Croft Nicholas , Naik Sandhia , Kaplan Jess , Giles Edward 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPediatric Crohn's disease (CD) has been shown to have a high recurrence rate following surgical resection. Risk factors for postoperative CD recurrence in children are not well known. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing postoperative recurrence in pediatric CD.MethodsPediatric CD patients who underwent surgical resection with primary anastomosis with a minimum follow up of 2 years were identified from databases at the Royal London Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients were subdivided into a recurrence group defined by clinical, endoscopic, histological, radiological and/or surgical outcomes, and a nonrecurrence group. Patient demographics, initial gastroscopy and colonoscopy findings, Paris classification, and preoperative and postoperative pharmacotherapy were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐six children who underwent an ileal or ileocolonic resection with primary anastomosis were identified. Fifty‐seven children had postoperative recurrence. Recurrence was associated with abnormal initial gastroscopy findings (P = 0.0077), ileocolonic disease location (P = 0.03), and perianal disease involvement (P = 0.04).Patients with abnormal initial gastroscopy had higher rates of relapse (hazard ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.86–6.30], P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that abnormal diagnostic gastroscopy histology was a significant independent predictor of postoperative recurrence in this cohort (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI [1.04–1.70], P = 0.024). The most common histological abnormality was non‐Helicobacter gastritis, found in 29/46 (63%).ConclusionThis dual‐center study has shown that the presence of upper gastrointestinal tract inflammation, especially non‐Helicobacter gastritis, at the time of diagnosis, is associated with an increased risk of postoperative recurrence in pediatric CD.
Make and buy in a polluting industry
Authors: Iida Takeshi , Mukherjee Arijit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe literature paid significant attention to analyze the rationale for the make‐or‐buy strategy of firms. However, a related empirically relevant strategy of make and buy did not get much attention. We show that the presence of tax/subsidy policies, which are particularly important in the presence of environmental pollution, may create a rationale for the make‐and‐buy strategy of firms. Thus, we provide a new rationale for the make‐and‐buy strategy of firms which is different from the existing reasons, such as uncertainty, market power of the input suppliers, moral hazard, and capacity utilization. We also show that international harmonization, where countries set taxes cooperatively, can promote outsourcing compared with the situation where the countries set taxes non‐cooperatively. Further, global welfare maximizing outsourcing is less than the harmonization case. While global welfare is higher under global welfare maximization compared with harmonization, the total environmental damage can be lower under the latter case than the former case. Hence, higher welfare not necessarily implies lower environmental damage.
Real‐world effectiveness of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for mixed genotype hepatitis C infection: A multicenter pooled analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Wen‐Nan , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Chen Mei‐Yen , Tung Shui‐Yi , Wei Kuo‐Liang , Lu Chung‐Kuang , Chen Chien‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Hu Jin‐Hung , Chen Wei‐Ming , Chang Te‐Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractData on direct‐acting antiviral agent (DAA) treatment for mixed genotype hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are scant. This study examined the effectiveness of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) for mixed HCV genotype infection in a real‐world setting in Taiwan. We analysed the data from all patients with mixed HCV genotype infections treated with GLE/PIB or LDV/SOF from 2017 to 2019 in three Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Taiwan. The primary treatment outcome was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment cessation (SVR12). Adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated. A total of 5190 HCV patients received DAA treatment during this time period. Among them, 116 patients (2.2%) had mixed infections of any 2 or 3 genotypes of 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 6. Fifty‐four patients received GLE/PIB and 62 received LDV/SOF. SVR12 rates for LDV/SOF vs GLE/PIB therapy were 96.6% (56/58) vs 100% (51/51) by the per‐protocol analysis and 90.3% (56/62) vs 94.4% (51/54) by the evaluable population analysis. Two patients with 1b + 6 and 1b + 2 genotype infections in the LDV/SOF group had relapse. Evaluating the GLE/PIB vs LDV/SOF groups for the most common AEs revealed pruritus (16.7% vs 4.8%), abdominal discomfort (5.6% vs 8%) and fatigue (5.6% vs 4.8%). One patient with AE‐related treatment discontinuation presented with liver decompensation after 4‐week GLE/PIB therapy. DAA‐related significant laboratory abnormalities occurred in two patients with >3× elevated bilirubin level in the GLE/PIB group. GLE/PIB and LDV/SOF are well tolerated and achieve high SVR12 rates for patients with mixed HCV genotype infection.
Using Utterance Recall to Assess Second Language Proficiency
Authors: Culbertson Gabriel , Andersen Erik , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObtaining quick and reliable evidence regarding the proficiency of learners is a perennial issue in second language (L2) learning research. In this study, we examined naturalistic utterance recall as a measure of L2 learning proficiency that can be easily extracted from videos and automatically scored using the video's captions. In our recall task, learners listen to audio clips and write down as much of the utterance as they can remember. We evaluated this naturalistic recall task with a sample of English native speakers who are learning Spanish at beginner to advanced levels, as well as Spanish native speakers. The results suggest that our recall measure is a better predictor of a learner's ability to translate heard sentences than a shortened version of a standardized listening multiple‐choice comprehension test. Our findings suggest naturalistic utterance recall can offer an accurate and efficient method for predicting foreign language proficiency.
CARTESIAN PHILOSOPHY AS SPIRITUAL PRACTICE
Authors: Breidenstein Joseph I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough Descartes has in some ways become a symbol of academic isolation, we can dispel this misunderstanding by taking into consideration the holistic nature of Cartesian philosophy. Descartes understood the various branches of philosophy as constituting an organic totality of knowledge that, because of its dependence on imagination and sensation, remains irreducible to intellectual comprehension. Ethics holds a particularly significant place in Cartesian philosophy, and this essay both demonstrates the spiritual nature of Cartesian ethics and explains why Descartes saw ethics as “the ultimate degree of wisdom” so as to illustrate how we can interpret Cartesian philosophy as a spiritual practice. This takes place through a discussion of the distinctions and interconnections of Descartes’s three primary notions (soul, body, and the union of soul and body) and concludes by reflecting on the specific temporality of nobility as well as addressing several objections to Cartesian ethics.
PHILOSOPHY AS EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION OF LIVING
Authors: Horst Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis essay describes an approach to designing a course in philosophy as a way of life (PWOL) around a set of immersive “spiritual exercises” through which students might examine their desires, engaging students in a process of testing their own experience against philosophical theories and theories against their own experience. These are used to tie together the units of a course covering classical Western and Eastern philosophical traditions, and to supplement traditional philosophical analysis of texts and arguments with ways of exploring what it might be like to live as a Platonist, Stoic, or Confucian. The essay details several exercises, engages perspectives on PWOL from Pierre Hadot and John Cooper, and addresses the question of how to assess immersive exercises.
WAYS OF DISCOURSE AND WAYS OF LIFE
Authors: Jeng I‐Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn book X of the Republic, Plato famously reports “a quarrel between poetry and philosophy.” The present essay examines this quarrel in book X, along with other relevant parts of the Republic, by understanding “philosophy” and “poetry” as rival ways of life and rival ways of discourse. The essay first explains why, in Plato’s view, poetic discourse weakens one’s power to reason and is at odds with philosophic discourse. Then it shows how poetic discourse is bound up with a way of life that champions the value of freedom. Such a life forms a contrast with the philosophic life, which is marked more by stability and unity than by freedom. The quarrel, however, is not a simple antagonism. The essay hence concludes by discussing why, despite the opposition between the two, philosophy cannot do without poetry.
Gene regulatory network and its constituent transcription factors that control nitrogen‐deficiency responses in rice
Authors: Ueda Yoshiaki , Ohtsuki Namie , Kadota Koji , Tezuka Ayumi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Kadowaki Taro , Kim Yonghyun , Miyao Mitsue , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Increase in the nitrogen (N)‐use efficiency and optimization of N response in crop species are urgently needed. Although transcription factor‐based genetic engineering is a promising approach for achieving these goals, transcription factors that play key roles in the response to N deficiency have not been studied extensively.

Here, we performed RNA‐seq analysis of root samples of 20 Asian rice (Oryza sativa) accessions with differential nutrient uptake. Data obtained from plants exposed to N‐replete and N‐deficient conditions were subjected to coexpression analysis and machine learning‐based pathway inference to dissect the gene regulatory network required for the response to N deficiency.

Four transcription factors, including members of the G2‐like and bZIP families, were predicted to function as key regulators of gene transcription within the network in response to N deficiency. Cotransfection assays validated inferred novel regulatory pathways, and further analyses using genome‐edited knockout lines suggested that these transcription factors are important for N‐deficiency responses in planta.

Many of the N deficiency‐responsive genes, including those encoding key regulators within the network, were coordinately regulated by transcription factors belonging to different families. Transcription factors identified in this study could be valuable for the modification of N response and metabolism.
Pediatric facial pyoderma gangrenosum preceding the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Haimes Hilary , Corey Kristen , Mostaghimi Arash , Schmidt Birgitta , Gellis Stephen E. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe two adolescent patients with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) involving the face. Subsequent gastrointestinal evaluation revealed microscopic bowel inflammation suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease. While PG is rarely localized to the face, this brief report reveals two cases of pediatric facial PG and suggests a correlation between facial PG and microscopic colitis.
Attitudes among working professionals toward immigrants and refugees living in Ecuador: Impacts on health and well‐being
Authors: Dressel Anne , Falconí Elízabeth , Luft Heidi , Hawkins Maren , Noboa Hugo , Betancourt Óscar , Sedar Alexandria , Shedlin Michele G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore attitudes toward immigrants and refugees living in Ecuador.Design and MeasuresA transnationalism framework informed this qualitative study, which utilized a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit responses from participants about their attitudes toward immigrants and refugees. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, audio‐taped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed in Spanish to identify emergent themes. Demographic data were analyzed using SPSS.SampleParticipants (n = 50) were recruited from five sectors that interact with refugees: health care, the press, the police, nongovernmental organizations, and education. Fifty interviews were conducted with adults in Quito, Ecuador, in 2017.ResultsParticipants reported concerns about the health and well‐being of immigrants and refugees, expressed a willingness to assist them, but within limits, noted discrimination and bias against refugees, and cited social policies and human rights as factors that influenced their attitudes.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that immigrants and refugees face challenges which impact their health and well‐being, according to participants in the study. Social policies can influence attitudes, but are also affected by rapidly shifting immigration patterns. Migration flows in South America is an under‐studied area of research, with opportunity for further public health nursing inquiry.
Knowing what you are doing: Action‐demonstratives in unreflective action
Authors: Valaris Markos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlmost everything that we do, we do by doing other things. Even actions we perform without deliberation or conscious planning are composed of ‘smaller’, subsidiary actions. But how should we think of such subsidiary actions? Are they fully‐fledged intentional actions (in the sense of things that we do for reasons) in their own right? In this paper I defend an affirmative answer to this question, against a recently influential form of scepticism. Drawing on a distinctive kind of ‘action‐demonstrative’ representation, I show that the sceptic's arguments do not go through.
Health Literacy among patients with end‐stage kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Lennerling Annette , Petersson Ingrid , Andersson Ulla-Maj , Forsberg Anna 
Published: April 2020

Main problemSelf‐management is essential for patients both before and after kidney transplantation and requires an adequate level of health literacy (HL), that is the ability to comprehend and process health information. Low HL is associated with poor clinical outcome and an increased risk of death. In Europe, HL has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of HL in a Swedish cohort of kidney transplant (KTx) candidates and KTx recipients.MethodsA single centre cross‐sectional cohort study. Participants; n = 50 KTx candidates and n = 49 KTx recipients. HL was measured with the Newest Vital Sign instrument (NVS). Statistical analysis was made using the chi‐square, Mann–Whitney U‐ or t‐test.ResultsStudy participants; n = 99, 61.6% male, mean age 52 years. Low or possible inadequate HL was seen in 20%. There was no statistical difference in the levels of HL related to sex, educational level, ability to work or between KTx candidates and KTx recipients.ConclusionsIn this cohort, one fifth had low or possible inadequate HL measured by the NVS. Screening is needed to identify persons with poor HL. These persons require tailored education and person‐centred care to cope with self‐management.
Genetic variants and underlying mechanisms influencing variance heterogeneity in maize
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Min , Li Weijun , He Linlin , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhu Jiantang , Che Ronghui , Warburton Marilyn L. , Yang Xiaohong , Yan Jianbing 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTraditional genetic studies focus on identifying genetic variants associated with the mean difference in a quantitative trait. Because genetic variants also influence phenotypic variation via heterogeneity, we conducted a variance‐heterogeneity genome‐wide association study to examine the contribution of variance heterogeneity to oil‐related quantitative traits. We identified 79 unique variance‐controlling single nucleotide polymorphisms (vSNPs) from the sequences of 77 candidate variance‐heterogeneity genes for 21 oil‐related traits using the Levene test (P < 1.0 × 10−5). About 30% of the candidate genes encode enzymes that work in lipid metabolic pathways, most of which define clear expression variance quantitative trait loci. Of the vSNPs specifically associated with the genetic variance heterogeneity of oil concentration, 89% can be explained by additional linked mean‐effects genetic variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gene × gene interactions play important roles in the formation of variance heterogeneity for fatty acid compositional traits. The interaction pattern was validated for one gene pair (GRMZM2G035341 and GRMZM2G152328) using yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation analyses. Our findings have implications for uncovering the genetic basis of hidden additive genetic effects and epistatic interaction effects, and we indicate opportunities to stabilize efficient breeding and selection of high‐oil maize (Zea mays L.).
A Sparse Representation Classification Approach for Near Real-Time, Physics-Based Functional Monitoring of Aerosol Jet-Fabricated Electronics
Authors: Salary Roozbeh (Ross) , Lombardi Jack P. , Weerawarne Darshana L. , Tootooni M. Samie , Rao Prahalada K. , Poliks Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAerosol jet printing (AJP) is a direct-write additive manufacturing (AM) method, emerging as the process of choice for the fabrication of a broad spectrum of electronics, such as sensors, transistors, and optoelectronic devices. However, AJP is a highly complex process, prone to intrinsic gradual drifts. Consequently, real-time process monitoring and control in AJP is a bourgeoning need. The goal of this work is to establish an integrated, smart platform for in situ and real-time monitoring of the functional properties of AJ-printed electronics. In pursuit of this goal, the objective is to forward a multiple-input, single-output (MISO) intelligent learning model—based on sparse representation classification (SRC)—to estimate the functional properties (e.g., resistance) in situ as well as in real-time. The aim is to classify the resistance of printed electronic traces (lines) as a function of AJP process parameters and the trace morphology characteristics (e.g., line width, thickness, and cross-sectional area (CSA)). To realize this objective, line morphology is captured using a series of images, acquired: (i) in situ via an integrated high-resolution imaging system and (ii) in real-time via the AJP standard process monitor camera. Utilizing image processing algorithms developed in-house, a wide range of 2D and 3D morphology features are extracted, constituting the primary source of data for the training, validation, and testing of the SRC model. The four-point probe method (also known as Kelvin sensing) is used to measure the resistance of the deposited traces and as a result, to define a priori class labels. The results of this study exhibited that using the presented approach, the resistance (and potentially, other functional properties) of printed electronics can be estimated both in situ and in real-time with an accuracy of ≥ 90%.
Thin-Film Evaporation Heat Transfer of Liquid Nitrogen and Its Application in Cell Vitrification
Authors: Su Fengmin , Fan Yiming , Xu He , Zhao Nannan , Ji Yulong , Deng Yangbo , Ma Hongbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cell vitrification has been an important method of cell cryopreservation. The faster the cooling rate is, the higher the cell survival rate is. However, in conventional cell vitrification methods, film boiling forms a vapor-blanket on the surface, which hinders further improvement of the cooling rate. To eliminate the problem, this article attempted to replace film boiling with thin-film evaporation (TFE) of liquid nitrogen. The experimental system was developed to investigate the TFE heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen. Then, prostate cancer cells were cryopreserved by TFE vitrification method, open pulled straw vitrification method, and equilibrium freezing method. The results showed that the vitrification method of TFE obtained a higher cooling rate and better cell survival rate than the two other cell cryopreservation methods. Thus, the feasibility of this method was preliminarily proved viable when applied to the cell vitrification process. In addition, both the cooling rate and the cell survival rate are affected by the concentration of the cryoprotectant in the cell suspension. The cooling rate decreases as the concentration of the cryoprotectant increases, but the cell survival rate increases first and decrease afterward with an increase in the cryoprotectant concentration, in which an optimum value exists. This study demonstrates the practicality of the new ultrafast cell vitrification method.
Medical equipment trends during the UK military exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 in Oman
Authors: Thompson Daniel C , Davies L G , Smith M B 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionEx SAIF SAREEA 3 was a joint British-Omani military exercise involving approximately 5500 British personnel deployed to Oman over a 6-month period. Role 1 medical care was provided by medical treatment facilities (MTFs) deployed with medical equipment as per the UK 300 medical module.MethodRetrospective analysis was undertaken of prospectively collected equipment usage data from two Role 1 MTFs in Duqm (MTF 1) and Muaskar Al Murtafa (MTF 2) camps over a period of 6–8 weeks. Data were analysed alongside routinely collected epidemiological data (EPINATO) during the deployment. Equipment used in addition to the module was also recorded.ResultsMTF 1 used 50 out of the 179 different items from the module over the 8-week period. MTF 2 used 45 out of the 179 different items from their module over the 6-week period. The most commonly used items across the sites were non-sterile examination gloves, plastic aprons, tympanic thermometer probe covers, disinfectant wipes and self-adhesive plasters. Extramodular items (blunt fill needle, water pump sprayer, Jelonet gauze and stool specimen pot) accounted for 5% of all equipment used in MTF 1.ConclusionThe study showed that the 300 module accommodates 95% of Role 1 patients’ needs but highlights the requirement for dedicated equipment for the treatment of heat casualties if deemed likely and blunt fill/filter needles for the administration of parenteral medication. Commanders must perform a thorough medical estimate and risk assessment prior to deployment to ensure that the 300 medical module is likely to provide the necessary equipment and supplement the module if required.