bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCALES FOR MEASURING AGEISM AS EXPERIENCED BY OLDER ADULTS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE
Authors: Kang Hyun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A growing body of research shows that ageism negatively affects older adults’ psychological well-being and even physical functioning. However, the tools to measure ageism as experienced by older adults are not well developed. This study reviewed the literature on ageism scale with an emphasis on the methodological issues. Most standardized ageism scales have focused on younger people’s attitudes and beliefs toward older adults. We found only one standardized scale that examined how older adults felt and thought about their experiences being treated as a stereotype. However, the scale is incomplete because it does not fully measure ageism and it has received far less rigorous analysis. Many studies have adopted and revised ageism scales that were developed specifically to measure younger people’s attitudes toward older adults, meaning that the scales’ validity has been problematic when administered to older adults. Furthermore, many studies that discussed older adults’ experience of ageism used uni-dimensional or simple measures. Although significant efforts have been made to outline ageism’s various dimensions and constructs, these efforts have not led to a common consensus on ageism and its characteristics. Lack of consensus, in turn, makes it harder to develop a standardized scale. Finally, existing scales are more suitable for Western societies. Socio-cultural uniqueness has not been considered when developing scales, nor has the scales’ cross-cultural reliability and validity been tested. Our findings suggest that a new scale that applies only to measuring ageism as perceived by older adults and corresponds to the significant dimensions of ageism must be developed.
OLDER ADULT HEALTH IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO
Authors: Lange Maia Brittney S , Laflamme Emily , DeMaio Fernando , Shah Raj C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 2012, Chicago was designated as an Age Friendly City. However, city-wide data on the health and health disparities experienced by older adults have been scarce. In order to address this knowledge gap, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) partnered with the Center for Community Health Equity at Rush and DePaul Universities to create a report describing health status among adults age 65+. Data were from the Healthy Chicago Survey—a population-based health survey conducted by CDPH, the American Community Survey, Hospital Discharge Data, and State Vital Records. The report highlights considerable racial/ethnic diversity in Chicago, as 38% of older adults are white, 37% black, 18% Latinx, and 7% are Asian. Encouraging results exist regarding healthcare access; 96% have a personal health care provider and 89% report being able to get care needed through their health plan. Several areas of improvement are needed regarding root causes of health. More older adults live below the federal poverty level (15.9%) compared to the overall U.S (9.3%), and 45.8% would be unable to pay for an unexpected $400 expense. Disparities were evident as life expectancy at age 65 is 2.5 years longer for Latinx and white older adults (age 85) compared to African Americans (age 82.4). African American and Latinx older adults had higher rates of preventable hospitalizations per 10,000 (801.1 and 678.9, respectively) compared to white (492.4) and Asian (374.1) older adults. Findings from this report will spur Chicago’s continued progress as an Age-Friendly City for all its residents.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON GENDER DISPARITIES IN DISABILITY TRENDS
Authors: Chen Ya-Mei , Yu Hsiao-Wei , Chiang Tung-Liang , Chen Duan-Rung , Tu Yu-Kang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective. In Taiwan as well as in many other aging societies, decreasing disability is a key public health priority. Gender is known to be a significant factor for developing disability. Our study aimed to examine gender disparities in disability trends as well as how sociodemographic factors influence these disparities. Methods. We used multiple-group latent growth curve modeling (MG-LGM) to examine data drawn from the Taiwanese Longitudinal Study of Aging, a longitudinal and nationally representative survey database. Four waves of survey data and 3,429 older adults (mean ages = 50-96) were included for analysis. Disability trajectories among men and women were modeled separately using MG-LGM. Equality constraints were imposed on the six factors assessed: age, education, leisure activities, perceived (self-rated) health, health behaviors, and comorbidities. Results. Baseline disability levels were not significantly different between the two groups, but once disability began, the progression toward greater disability was almost 50% faster among older women. Greater age and more comorbidities added significantly more to baseline disability and speed of progression among older women than among older men (p &lt; 0.001). However, having better health behaviors (e.g., no alcohol, more leisure activities) reduced baseline disability significantly more among women (p &lt; 0.05). Particularly interesting findings include that perceived health reduced baseline disability only among men (p &lt; 0.05), while having a better social network reduced baseline disability only among women (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. For older women, disability prevention is crucial, and promoting positive health behaviors and strong social networks are promising strategies.
LIFE EXPECTANCY WITH CHRONIC DISEASE AMONG OLDER MEXICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Emerson Kerstin G , Pan Anqi , Huang Hanwen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Hispanic Paradox research consistently shows a survival advantage among Hispanics, where they have significantly longer life expectancy compared to non-Hispanic Whites. However, less is known about the quality of these additional years of life. Our goal was to calculate life expectancy for older Hispanics in the US, and to determine what proportion of their lives they could expect to live with chronic conditions. We used data from 2004-5 of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (Hispanic-EPESE), linked to vital status data through 2016. To determine life expectancy with/without chronic conditions, we used Sullivan’s method. Chronic conditions included: diabetes, stroke, heart attack, arthritis, hypertension, and cancer. Finally, we mapped life expectancy without chronic conditions across neighborhood characteristics. The sample consisted of 2,069 Mexican Americans aged 75 and older. Results showed that at age 75, Mexican Americans could expect to live a large portion of their lives with at least one chronic condition (88%). The largest proportion of life lived with disease was for hypertension (61%), arthritis (59%), and diabetes (33%). There was no pattern by neighborhood characteristics for disease-free life expectancy. Gender differences could not be examined because of small sample sizes. Our findings show that regardless of neighborhood characteristics, Mexican Americans can expect to live a high proportion of their life with at least one chronic condition. This is particularly high for hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. It is important to consider quality as well as quantity of life when exploring the Hispanic Paradox.
HOW DRIVING STRESS, CONFIDENCE, AND THOUGHTS ABOUT DRIVING ALTERNATIVES AFFECT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Authors: Vivoda Jonathon , Cao Jiawei , Harmon Annie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although many older adults will eventually not be able to safely drive themselves, comprehensive planning for a non-driving future is infrequent. To better understand the factors that predict transportation planning, the role played by several different aspects of driving were assessed. We analyzed whether stress about driving, enjoyment of driving, driving confidence, recent experience with negative driving events, and thoughts about how well other transportation modes could meet one’s future needs played a role in planning. Age, gender, race, and income were also controlled for in the models. More transportation planning was significantly associated with experiencing driving as more stressful and with reporting less confidence in one’s driving skills. Level of driving enjoyment and the number of concerning driving events experienced during the past year (e.g., crash, near crash, driving conversations, health issues, etc.) were not significantly related to planning. Respondents were also asked about how well other transport modes (e.g., rides with other drivers, buses, light rail, taxis, etc.) could meet their needs when they can no longer drive. This factor explained more of the variance in the planning outcome than any of the other factors, with a larger number associated with more planning. This result suggests that engaging in more planning may be associated with an openness to non-driving options, but it is unclear if that is a result of more planning, or a precursor to this activity.
A STUDY ON CHANGES IN RESIDENTIAL LIFESTYLE AND AWARENESS OF RESIDENTS IN A HOUSING COMPLEX REGENERATION PROJECT
Authors: ashihara tomoya , Nishino Akiko , Lee yonggeun , otsuki toshio , nishide Kazuhiro , matsuda yuji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In Japan, where the ratio of elderly citizens exceeds 27%, there are issues such as the aging of residents and an increase in the number of people living alone. The present study aims to identify the elements required for a community base, based on temporal changes in daily life activities of residents in Housing Complex T, where more than 40% of residents are elderly, and in the surrounding area. A questionnaire survey was conducted with residents of Housing Complex T and residents in the surrounding area in 2010 (856/4,940 responses) and in 2018 (1,194/5,049 responses). The survey results showed that half of the elderly people participated in group circle activities during the day, and there was no change between 2010 and 2018. More than half of the residents of the housing complex utilize the supermarket within the housing complex several times a week. However, only 20% of the residents in the surrounding area use the supermarket. Parks were being utilized by 29.9% of housing complex residents and 37.6% of the residents outside of the complex, while the library was being utilized by 37.1% of housing complex residents and 39.1% of the residents outside of the complex. Public facilities are being utilized. These results show that it is important to provide architectural functions with high public utility within the property of housing complexes; they should be well known by residents of the surrounding area in order to create a community.
YOU CAN’T GET THERE FROM HERE! TRANSPORTATION ISSUES OF OLDER ADULTS AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Zell Angela M , Ilardo Joan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults and individuals with disabilities face transportation challenges on a daily basis that differ from the general population. Transportation is critical to all aspects of quality of life yet presents significant challenges. Lack of appropriate vehicles, reliable public transportation, and the high-cost of vehicle ownership lead to missed healthcare appointments, lack of access to proper nutrition, and social isolation. The purpose of the study was to provide information for the Commission on Services to the Aging. It was necessitated by the lack of existing data from the Department of Transportation because Michigan’s transportation systems are locally controlled. An online questionnaire was emailed to public and private organizations serving older adults and people with disabilities to determine transportation services currently available in their geographic areas and innovative solutions employed to address barriers. The questionnaire was adapted from the National Center of Senior Transportation in 2009 that produced the report “Transportation: The Silent Need”. The study analyzed data on current transportation services and innovative solutions piloted in Michigan. Respondents represented every Michigan county and included area agencies on aging, senior centers, councils on aging, healthcare agencies, transportation providers, community action agencies, and job training programs. Information includes: services provided by the agency; barriers to accessing transportation; access to transportation services information; transport services previously used, currently available, and being planned. Many of the 95 respondents commented on persistent lack of funding for viable, reliable transportation options and jurisdictional issues. Most pilots used fixed routes, volunteer drivers, demand response and expanded schedules.
MTOR PROMOTES BBB BREAKDOWN IN A MODEL OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Hernandez Stephen F , Skike Candice E Van , DeRosa Nick , Galvan Veronica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) association with cerebrovasculature, which leads to impaired brain vascular function, and is present in 87% of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously showed that inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin prevented BBB breakdown and reduced vascular fibrillar Aβ in 18-19 month old Tg2576 mice that model AD-associated CAA. This finding suggests that mTOR attenuation restores integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and concomitantly reduces vascular Aβ accumulation in this mouse model. Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which mTOR drives BBB breakdown we measured the abundance of tight junction proteins zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-5. Methods: We used immunofluorescent confocal microscopy on frozen brain tissue sections of the same Tg2576 mice used in the previous study. Results: We confirm BBB breakdown in Tg2576 mouse brains and showed that some, but not all tight junction proteins measured were decreased in cerebrovasculature of Tg2576 mice. Attenuation of mTOR by rapamycin preserved BBB integrity, decreased vascular Aβ accumulation, and increased levels of tight junction protein abundance in Tg2576 mice, which also showed a reduced numbers of cerebral microhemorrhages. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that mTOR promotes brain vascular Aβ deposition, BBB breakdown and vascular damage in the Tg2576 mouse model. Thus, mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin – an FDA approved drug - may have promise in the treatment of AD and other dementias with related cerebrovascular dysfunction.
POORER DIET QUALITY OBSERVED IN OLDER ADULTS WITH A GREATER NUMBER OF CHRONIC DISEASES
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L , Fanelli Stephanie , Pisegna Janell , Kelly Owen J , Taylor Christopher A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including poor diet over many years, contribute to the development of chronic diseases, especially overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Because poor diet is common to the diseases, it supports the notion of concurrently managing comorbidities through improved diet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess differences in diet quality and nutrient intakes, in adults aged 65 years and older, by the number of chronic conditions. Data from 7,169 adults, aged 65 years and older, from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for selected chronic diseases from laboratory data: overweight/obesity (body mass index &gt;25); hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin &gt;5.7%); hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol &gt;200 mg/dL); hypertension (blood pressure &gt;120/80 mmHg). The number of chronic diseases was computed per participant. Dietary intakes and diet quality score were assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls. Few adults had none of the selected chronic disease (n=79;1.4%), with others presenting 1 indicator (n=677;9.8%), 2 indicators (n=1,762;25%), 3 indicators (n=2,741;38.9%) and all 4 indicators (n=1,910;24.9%). Diet quality was significantly lower in those with three or four chronic diseases (P&lt;0.001). Adults without any of the selected chronic diseases consumed significantly more calories, carbohydrates, fiber and added sugars, as well as folate, vitamin C and calcium than those with chronic diseases (P&lt;0.001). Overall, dietary intakes from the day of intake were different for those with or without chronic diseases. These findings strengthen the need to promote healthy eating in older adults with one or more chronic conditions to help improve outcomes.
RECIPROCITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN DIET-RELATED SPOUSAL INVOLVEMENT AMONG OLDER COUPLES MANAGING DIABETES
Authors: August Kristin J , Kelly Caitlin S , Markey Charlotte H , Yan Shibin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Spouses are commonly involved in supporting and regulating their partners’ diabetic diet. Older spouses also may be managing their own condition that requires changes to their diet. Little is known about the extent to which this spousal involvement is reciprocal and if there are individual differences in the provision of diet-related support and control (regulation). This study sought to understand the reciprocity of diet-related support and both positive and negative forms of control, whether personality traits predicted the provision of diet-related spousal involvement, and whether gender moderated these associations. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 150 couples (50+ years) in which one member had type 2 diabetes (Mage=65.94; Mmarital length=33.46; 50.7% male patients; 58.7% of spouses had a condition that required changes to their diet). The provision and receipt of social support and two forms of social control were moderately correlated within individuals (patient rs=.36-.45, ps&lt;.001; spouse rs=.41-.73, ps&lt;.001). Using Actor Partner Interdependence Models that controlled for age and responsibility for managing meals, results revealed that being more extraverted or having a partner who was more extraverted was associated with greater involvement, whereas being more neurotic or having a partner who was more neurotic or had more interpersonal problems was associated with less positive and greater negative involvement. Associations were particularly pronounced for men. Results suggest that there is moderate amount of reciprocity, as well as personality differences, in diet-related spousal involvement. These findings highlight the importance of targeting both members of the couple in diabetes intervention efforts.
AVOIDANT FILIAL PIETY IN KOREAN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES: WHEN DO WE TALK ABOUT MOM AND DAD?
Authors: Yoon Joonsik 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Parental caregiving for older adults is a challenge to most families, not only because of intangible factors such as role-reversals in family dynamics, but due to the many practical difficulties involved. At the same time, family members are important sources of support and care even in wealthy countries with established and relatively efficient social services for the older population. For migrant families from East Asia, where adult children have emigrated while their parents have remained in the country of origin, the distance and the transnational nature of the family ties present additional complications to the challenge of providing parental care within a highly filial culture. In this qualitative study, first-generation Korean Americans were interviewed in open-ended, in-depth interviews about their experiences and concerns surrounding transnational parental caregiving. The results show that none of the study participants or their families plan for parental care. Although most respondents expressed concerns over potential future care needs of their parents, none of them had taken steps to address those concerns or discussed the matter with other family members, who were equally reticent to discuss it. This was even though many stated that they were specifically worried about how to care for their parents in times of need given that they lived far away in another country. The discussion explores why migrant families consistently avoid what they themselves acknowledge to be an important, even necessary, discussion their families ought to have.
Lack of Weight Gain During the First 2 Months of Treatment and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Independently Predict Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes in Tuberculosis
Authors: Peetluk Lauren S , Rebeiro Peter F , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afranio , Andrade Bruno B , Durovni Betina , Calvacante Solange , Arriaga María B , Turner Megan M , Figueiredo Marina C , Rolla Valeria C , Sterling Timothy R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Weight change may inform tuberculosis treatment response, but its predictive power may be confounded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods
We prospectively followed up adults with culture-confirmed, drug-susceptible, pulmonary tuberculosis receiving standard 4-drug therapy (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) in Brazil. We examined median weight change 2 months after treatment initiation by HIV status, using quantile regression, and unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome (treatment failure, tuberculosis recurrence, or death) by HIV and weight change status, using Cox regression.

Results
Among 547 participants, 102 (19%) were HIV positive, and 35 (6%) had an unsuccessful outcome. After adjustment for confounders, persons living with HIV (PLWH) gained a median of 1.3 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.8 to .1) less than HIV-negative individuals during the first 2 months of tuberculosis treatment. PLWH were at increased risk of an unsuccessful outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1–10.9). Weight change was independently associated with outcome, with risk of unsuccessful outcome decreasing by 12% (95% CI, .81%–.95%) per 1-kg increase.

Conclusions
PLWH gained less weight during the first 2 months of tuberculosis treatment, and lack of weight gain and HIV independently predicted unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Weight, an easily collected biomarker, may identify patients who would benefit from alternative treatment strategies.