bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Trichloroethylene by Clay Modified with Cationic Surfactant in Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Mohammadi‐Moghadam Fazel , Khodabakhshi Abbas , Farhadkhani Marzieh , Hemati Sara , Masoudipour Neda , Shahgholian Firoozeh , Nourmoradi Heshmatollah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrichloroethylene (TCE) is commonly found in ground water, and it may serve as a major source of many types of cancers such as kidney, liver, lymphatic glands, and spinal cord. In the present research, TCE uptake from aqueous media by montmorillonite (Mt) modified by tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) surfactant was explored. Firstly, the characteristics of raw and modified montmorillonite (raw‐Mt and TTAB‐Mt) were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and XRF instruments. Then, the sorption process was evaluated as a function of different factors such as surfactant loading rate, pH, ionic strength, contact time, sorbent dosage, TCE concentration, temperature, and regeneration agent. The maximum TCE sorption by the modified clay was obtained at surfactant loading rate of 120% cation exchange capacity of the clay. The maximum removal efficiency of TCE by the modified clay was 99.6% at pH 5 and 30 min contact time. The findings also exhibited that the isotherm and kinetic sorption followed the Freundlich and pseudo‐second‐order models, respectively. It can be concluded that TTAB‐Mt, as a cheap, abundant, non‐toxic, and environmental friendly adsorbent can be considered to remove TCE in aqueous phase.
Preoperative evaluation and treatment consideration of parotid gland tumors
Authors: Aro Katri , Korpi Jarkko , Tarkkanen Jussi , Mäkitie Antti , Atula Timo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nature of parotid tumors often remains unknown preoperatively and final histopathology may reveal unexpected malignancy. Still, the use of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imaging varies in the management of these tumors.MethodsWe evaluated the preoperative examinations and management of all 195 parotid gland tumors diagnosed within our catchment area of 1.6 million people during 2015.ResultsAltogether 171 (88%) tumors were classified as true salivary gland neoplasms. FNAC showed no false malignant findings, but it was false benign in 5 (2.6%) cases. Preoperative MRI was utilized in 48 patients (25%). Twenty (10%) malignancies included 16 salivary gland carcinomas. Pleomorphic adenomas accounted for 52% of all adenomas. For 24 (40%) Warthin tumors, surgery was omitted.ConclusionThe proportion of malignancies was lower than generally presented. Our proposed guidelines include ultrasound‐guided FNAC with certain limitations. MRI is warranted in selected cases, but seems unnecessary routinely.
Carbon emission from thermokarst lakes in NE European tundra
Authors: Zabelina Svetlana A. , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Klimov Sergey I. , Chupakov Artem V. , Lim Artem G. , Polishchuk Yuri M. , Polishchuk Vladimir Y. , Bogdanov Alexander N. , Muratov Ildar N. , Guerin Frederic , Karlsson Jan , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from inland waters is recognized as highly important and an understudied part of the terrestrial carbon (C) biogeochemical cycle. These emissions are still poorly quantified in subarctic regions that contain vast amounts of surface C in permafrost peatlands. This is especially true in NE European peatlands, located within sporadic to discontinuous permafrost zones which are highly vulnerable to thaw. Initial measurements of C emissions from lentic waters of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra (BZT; 200,000 km2) demonstrated sizable CO2 and CH4 concentrations and fluxes to the atmosphere in 98 depressions, thaw ponds, and thermokarst lakes ranging from 0.5 × 106 to 5 × 106 m2 in size. CO2 fluxes decreased by an order of magnitude as waterbody size increased by > 3 orders of magnitude while CH4 fluxes showed large variability unrelated to lake size. By using a combination of Landsat‐8 and GeoEye‐1 images, we determined lakes cover 4% of BZT and thus calculated overall C emissions from lentic waters to be 3.8 ± 0.65 Tg C yr−1 (99% C‐CO2, 1% C‐CH4), which is two times higher than the lateral riverine export. Large lakes dominated GHG emissions whereas small thaw ponds had a minor contribution to overall water surface area and GHG emissions. These data suggest that, if permafrost thaw in NE Europe results in disappearance of large thermokarst lakes and formation of new small thaw ponds and depressions, GHG emissions from lentic waters in this region may decrease.
Plasmon‐Induced Optical Magnetism in an Ultrathin Metal Nanosphere‐Based Dimer‐on‐Film Nanocavity
Authors: Meng Yongjun , Zhang Qiang , Lei Dangyuan , Li Yonglong , Li Siqi , Liu Zhenzhen , Xie Wei , Leung Chi Wah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, plasmon‐induced optical magnetism has attracted much research interest in nanophotonics and plasmonics due to intriguing applications in optical metamaterials, and ultrasensitive plasmonic nano‐metrology, among many others. Here, a strong in‐plane magnetic dipolar resonance in an ultrathin plasmonic nanocavity consisting of a silica‐coated gold nanosphere dimer coupled to a gold thin film is observed experimentally and explained theoretically. Multipolar expansion and numerical simulation disclose that such magnetic resonance is induced by a displacement current loop circulating around a nanometer thick triangular region in the cavity. The spectral response and radiation polarization of the magnetic mode are “visualized” by using a polarization‐resolved dark‐field imaging system at the single‐particle level. The resonance responses of this magnetic mode highly depends on cavity gap thickness, nanosphere dimension, and the incident angle, allowing straightforward resonance tuning from the visible to near‐infrared region and thus opening up a new avenue for magnetic resonance‐enhanced nonlinear optics and chiral optics.
Ion Exchange Controlled Drug Release from Polymerized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Claus Johanna , Eickner Thomas , Grabow Niels , Kragl Udo , Oschatz Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work ion functionalized hydrogels as potent drug delivery systems are presented. The ion functionalization of the hydrogel enables the retention of ionic drug molecules and thus a reduction of burst release effects. Timolol maleate in combination with polymerized anionic 3‐sulfopropylmethacrylate potassium and ibuprofen combined with cationic poly‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride are investigated in respect to their drug release profile. The results are showing an ion exchange depending release behavior instead of a diffusion‐controlled drug release as it is known from common drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the suitability of such hydrogels for standard methods for sterilization is investigated.
Ultrafiltration Membranes Coated by Amphiphilic Copolymers Containing Superhydrophilic Zwitterionic and Hydrophobic POSS Moieties Showing Improved Fouling Resistance/Release Properties
Authors: Jung Kyung Hwa , Kim Hee Joong , Kim Mun Hyeon , Kong Saerom , Seo Huiran , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltrafiltration membranes coated with amphiphilic copolymers containing superhydrophilic zwitterionic moieties and hydrophobic POSS moieties (PSM‐coated membranes) are prepared. The free radical polymerization of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 3‐(3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐heptaisobutylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane‐1‐yl)propyl methacrylate (MAPOSS) monomers is used to prepare a series of copolymers containing different compositions of DMAEMA and MAPOSS units (PDMs). The DMAEMA units in the PDM‐coated membranes are subsequently converted to sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) units using 1,3‐propane sultone (post‐zwitterionization) to give the PSM‐coated membranes. The PSM‐coated membranes show improved fouling resistance/release properties, compared with a neat polysulfone (PSf) membrane. The improved fouling resistance properties of the PSM‐coated membranes are attributed to the superhydrophilic zwitterionic moieties, which form a hydration layer on the membrane surface via electrostatic interactions between the zwitterions and water molecules. Moreover, the total surface energy (γS) value of the PSM‐coated membrane is smaller than that of the PSf membrane due to the hydrophobic POSS moieties. This results in the superior fouling release properties of the PSM‐coated membranes.
Multiacrylated Cyclodextrin: A Bio‐Derived Photocurable Macromer for VAT 3D Printing
Authors: Cosola Andrea , Conti Riccardo , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Sangermano Marco , Roppolo Ignazio , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Chiappone Annalisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel cyclodextrin‐derived multiacrylated macromer (Ac‐γ‐CD) is successfully prepared and tested for the generation of highly crosslinked materials by means of UV‐curing. The high photoreactivity of the macromer under UV‐light irradiation is confirmed by means of real‐time photorheology. Moreover, dynamic mechanical thermal analyses proved that the properties of the thermosetting networks can be easily tailored by varying the concentration of the macromer in the precursor formulation. Finally, different Ac‐γ‐CD‐based formulations are successfully used as innovative inks to reproduce several computer‐aided design files by digital light processing 3D printing.
Formation mechanisms of zinc, molybdenum, sulfur and phosphorus containing reaction layers on a diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coating
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kalscheuer C. , Thiex M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings are nowadays successfully applied on industrial components like pistons, piston rings and bearings in lubricated tribological contacts due to friction and wear reducing effects. In contradiction thereto, todays lubricants and additives are designed for tribological steel/steel contacts, whereby the knowledge on tribochemical layer formation on steel surfaces is comprehensive in contrast to the physical‐chemical interactions between diamond‐like carbon coatings, lubricants and additives. Therefore the formation mechanisms of zinc, molybdenum, sulfur and phosphorus containing reaction layers on a zirconium modified diamond‐like carbon coating a‐C : H : Zr (ZrCg) in lubricated tribological contacts were analyzed by means of pin‐on‐disc (PoD) tribometer by varying the distances from s = 200 m–3,000 m under boundary and mixed friction conditions at T = 90 °C and a contact pressure p = 1,300 MPa regarding the application of diamond‐like carbon coatings on gears. The base lubricant poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO) was formulated using the anti‐wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP) and the friction modifier (FM) additive molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDTP). The chemical composition of the tribochemical reaction layers by means of and Raman spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as for the thickness differ significantly by varying the additivation.
Forming limit evaluation of adhesive bonded sandwich steel sheets and numerical prediction
Authors: Shende A. , Narayanan R.G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of hardener to resin ratio of epoxy adhesive on the formability of adhesive bonded steel sheets has been studied. Forming limit curve has been evaluated by hemispherical dome tests at predefined strain‐paths. They are predicted by finite element simulations using strain mapping method. Cohesive zone model has been used to model the interface between skin and adhesive core. An improvement in the forming limit of sandwich steel sheets has been observed when the hardener to resin ratio is changed from 0.6 : 1 to 1 : 1 due to the improved plasticity of adhesive core layer at 1 : 1 ratio as compared to others. The forming limit of sandwich sheet made at 1 : 1 ratio is equivalent to base steel sheet of same thickness and grade. This shows the potential use of sandwich sheet in place of base steel sheet. The forming limit curve predictions agree well with experimental data for base sheet, while reasonable agreement is observed in case of sandwich sheet. Numerical prediction of interface delamination show insignificant influence of hardener to resin ratio on the onset of delamination and significant effect of strain‐paths.
Additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg samples using the selective laser melting technique: correlation between tensile and torsion behaviour
Authors: Sert E. , Hitzler L. , Merkel M. , Werner E. , Öchsner A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers unique possibilities to produce complex components, which would not be possible or only very difficult to be realizable with conventional manufacturing processes. The potential of additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys has already been realized in prototyping, but still offers potential in the establishment of series applications. For enabling the establishment of additive manufacturing in series applications, comprehensive knowledge about the material behavior is necessary. This study examines the torsional behavior of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg samples and shows the correlation between tensile and torsional strength. Comprehensive torsion tests with strain gauges were performed and significant directional dependencies were shown. The correlation factor in the area of torsional yield strength/tensile yield strength and torsional strength/tensile strength was determined and was compared with the yield/failure conditions according to Tresca and von Mises.
Clinical Outcomes and Selection Criteria for Prodromal Huntington's Disease Trials
Authors: Langbehn Douglas R. , Hersch Steven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's disease (HD) develops in individuals with extended cytosine‐adenine‐guanine (CAG) repeats within the huntingtin (HTT) gene, causing neurodegeneration and progressive motor and cognitive symptoms. The inclusion of mutant HTT carriers in whom overt symptoms are not yet fully manifest in therapeutic trials would enable the development of treatments that delay or halt the accumulation of significant disability.ObjectivesThe present analyses assess whether screening prediagnosis (preHD) individuals based on a normalized prognostic index (PIN) score would enable the selection of prodromal preHD subjects in whom longitudinal changes in established outcome measures might provide robust signals. It also compares the relative statistical effect size of longitudinal change for these measures.MethodsIndividual participant data from 2 studies were used to develop mixed effect linear models to assess longitudinal changes in clinical metrics for participants with preHD and PIN‐stratified subcohorts. Relative effect sizes were calculated in 5 preHD studies and internally normalized to evaluate the strength and consistency of each metric across cohorts.ResultsLongitudinal modeling data demonstrate the amplification of effect sizes when preHD subcohorts were selected by PIN score thresholds of >0.0 and >0.4. These models and relative effect sizes across 5 studies consistently indicate that the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale total motor score exhibits the greatest change in preHD.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that the employment of PIN scores to homogenize and stratify preHD cohorts could improve the efficiency of current outcome measures, the most robust of which is the total motor score. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of the hourly rainfall in the ECMWF forecasting over southwestern China
Authors: Yuan Weihua , Hu Xuelin , Li Yaosun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe performance of the forecasts of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) with a horizontal resolution of 0.125° is assessed through comparison with station rain‐gauge data in the warm season (May–October) in the period 2017–2018 over southwestern China. The mean state of rainfall amount, frequency and intensity, as well as the diurnal cycle of precipitation, are involved in the evaluation. The IFS can capture well the spatial distributions of rainfall amount, frequency and intensity in the gauge data, but the rainfall frequency is generally larger and the intensity is weaker in the IFS. The rainfall events of the IFS usually start and peak much earlier, and the afternoon rainfall peaks are overestimated. The discrepancy between the gauge data and the IFS is larger over the western part of southwestern China. The results indicate that the IFS forecasts show considerable uncertainty when moving to the sub‐daily scale, especially over areas with complex topography. When the IFS forecasts are applied operationally, the deviations (as revealed in this study) should be paid more attention.
Comparison of dynamic flat‐panel detector‐based chest radiography with nuclear medicine ventilation‐perfusion imaging for the evaluation of pulmonary function: A clinical validation study
Authors: Tanaka Rie , Matsumoto Isao , Tamura Masaya , Takata Munehisa , Kasahara Kazuo , Ohkura Noriyuki , Inoue Dai , Matsuura Yukihiro 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a flat‐panel detector (FPD)‐based functional lung imaging technique capable of measuring temporal changes in radiographic lung density due to ventilation and perfusion. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of DCR in the evaluation of pulmonary function based on changes in radiographic lung density compared to nuclear medicine lung scans.MethodsThis study included 53 patients with pulmonary disease who underwent DCR and nuclear medicine imaging at our institution. Dynamic chest radiography was conducted using a dynamic FPD system to obtain sequential chest radiographs during one breathing cycle. The maximum change in the average pixel value (Δmax) was measured, and the percentage ofΔmax in each lung region, calculated relative to the sum of all lung regions (Δmax%), was calculated for each factor (ventilation and perfusion). The Δmax% was compared with the accumulation of radioactive agents (radioactive agents%) on ventilation and perfusion scans in each lung and lung region using correlation coefficients and scatter plots. The ratio of ventilation to perfusion Δmax% was calculated and compared with nuclear medicine ventilation‐perfusion (V/Q) findings in terms of sensitivity and specificity for V/Q mismatch in each lung region.ResultsThere was a high correlation between Δmax% and radioactive agents% for each lung (Ventilation: r = 0.81, perfusion: r = 0.87). However, correlation coefficients were lower (0.37 to 0.80) when comparing individual lung regions, with the upper lung regions showing the lowest correlation coefficients. The sensitivity and specificity of DCR for V/Q mismatch were 63.3% (19/30) and 60.1% (173/288), respectively. Motion artifacts occasionally increased Δmax%, resulting in false negatives.ConclusionsVentilation and perfusion Δmax% correlated reasonably with radioactive agents% on ventilation and perfusion scans. Although the regional correlations were lower and the detection performance for V/Q mismatch was not enough for clinical use at the moment, these results suggest the potential for DCR to be used as a functional imaging modality that can be performed without the use of radioactive contrast agents. Further technical improvement is required for the implementation of DCR‐based V/Q studies.
SURE‐based automatic parameter selection for ESPIRiT calibration
Authors: Iyer Siddharth , Ong Frank , Setsompop Kawin , Doneva Mariya , Lustig Michael 
Published: July 2020

PurposeESPIRiT is a parallel imaging method that estimates coil sensitivity maps from the auto‐calibration region (ACS). This requires choosing several parameters for the optimal map estimation. While fairly robust to these parameter choices, occasionally, poor selection can result in reduced performance. The purpose of this work is to automatically select parameters in ESPIRiT for more robust and consistent performance across a variety of exams.MethodsBy viewing ESPIRiT as a denoiser, Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE) is leveraged to automatically optimize parameter selection in a data‐driven manner. The optimum parameters corresponding to the minimum true squared error, minimum SURE as derived from densely sampled, high‐resolution, and non‐accelerated data and minimum SURE as derived from ACS are compared using simulation experiments. To avoid optimizing the rank of ESPIRiT’s auto‐calibrating matrix (one of the parameters), a heuristic derived from SURE‐based singular value thresholding is also proposed.ResultsSimulations show SURE derived from the densely sampled, high‐resolution, and non‐accelerated data to be an accurate estimator of the true mean squared error, enabling automatic parameter selection. The parameters that minimize SURE as derived from ACS correspond well to the optimal parameters. The soft‐threshold heuristic improves computational efficiency while providing similar results to an exhaustive search. In‐vivo experiments verify the reliability of this method.ConclusionsUsing SURE to determine ESPIRiT parameters allows for automatic parameter selections. In‐vivo results are consistent with simulation and theoretical results.
Behavioral comorbidity, overweight, and obesity in children with incontinence: An analysis of 1638 cases
Authors: von Gontard Alexander , Mattheus Hannah , Anagnostakou Aikaterini , Sambach Heike , Breuer Michaela , Kiefer Kathrin , Holländer Teresa , Hussong Justine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsChildren with nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), and fecal incontinence (FI) are at risk for behavioral problems, overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the specific behavioral and weight comorbidity in subtypes of incontinence.MethodsA total of 1638 consecutive patients presented to a tertiary incontinence clinic from 2012 to 2018 was examined prospectively according to ICCS criteria. Behavioral symptoms were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to ICD‐10 criteria. Weight categories were calculated according to WHO recommendations.ResultsThe mean age was 7.8 years, 67% of patients were male. Fifty‐seven percent had NE (n = 934), 33% DUI (n = 547), and 40% FI (n = 656). Boys had significantly higher rates of NE and FI than girls. Of all children, 39.2% (n = 539) had a clinically relevant CBCL total score. A total of 28.3% (n = 463) had an ICD‐10 psychiatric diagnosis, mainly ODD and ADHD, and 28.6% (n = 463) were overweight or obese. Boys were more often affected by behavioral symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and overweight/obesity. Children with NE had the highest rate of overweight/obesity. Except for primary nonmonosymptomatic NE, subtypes of incontinence did not differ regarding behavioral symptoms and weight categories. However, overweight/obesity was significantly associated with behavioral and psychiatric parameters.ConclusionsBehavioral symptoms and psychiatric disorders, as well as overweight/obesity are important risk factors associated with incontinence, but the interaction between these factors is complex. In clinical settings, all children with incontinence should be screened with behavioral questionnaires. Also, weight should be measured, and overweight/obesity should be addressed.