bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Dopamine Transporter Imaging Characteristics of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) and Glucosylceramidase Beta (GBA) Parkinson's Disease Participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Simuni Tanya , Brumm Michael C. , Uribe Liz , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Coffey Christopher S. , Siderowf Andrew , Alcalay Roy N. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Seibyl John , Singleton Andrew , Toga Arthur W. , Galasko Doug , Foroud Tatiana , Nudelman Kelly , Tosun‐Turgut Duygu , Poston Kathleen , Weintraub Daniel , Mollenhauer Brit , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Chahine Lana M. , Reimer Alyssa , Hutten Samantha , Bressman Susan , Marek Kenneth ,   Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative Investigators
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the phenotypic and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging characterization of the Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with leucine rich kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucosylceramidase beta (GBA) mutations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine baseline clinical and DAT imaging characteristics in GBA and LRRK2 mutation carriers with early PD compared with sporadic PD.MethodsThe Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is an ongoing observational longitudinal study that enrolled participants with sporadic PD, LRRK2 and GBA PD carriers from 33 sites worldwide. All participants are assessed annually with a battery of motor and nonmotor scales, 123‐I Ioflupane DAT imaging, and biologic variables.ResultsWe assessed 158 LRRK2 (89% G2019S), 80 GBA (89 %N370S), and 361 sporadic PD participants with the mean (standard deviation) disease duration of 2.9 (1.9), 3.1 (2.0), and 2.6 (0.6) years, respectively. When compared with sporadic PD, the GBA PD patients had no difference in any motor, cognitive, or autonomic features. The LRRK2 PD patients had less motor disability and lower rapid eye movement behavior disorder questionnaire scores, but no meaningful difference in cognitive or autonomic features. Both genetic cohorts had a higher score on the impulse control disorders scale when compared with sporadic PD, but no difference in other psychiatric features. Both genetic PD cohorts had less loss of dopamine transporter on DAT imaging when compared with sporadic PD.ConclusionsWe confirm previous reports of milder phenotype associated with LRRK2‐PD. A previously reported more aggressive phenotype in GBA‐PD is not evident early in the disease in N370s carriers. This observation identifies a window for potential disease‐modifying interventions. Longitudinal data will be essential to define the slope of progression for both genetic cohorts.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01141023). © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Postanesthesia care unit delirium following robot‐assisted vs open retropubic radical prostatectomy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Beck Stefanie , Hoop Dennis , Ragab Haissam , Rademacher Cornelius , Meßner‐Schmitt Aurelie , von Breunig Franziska , Haese Alexander , Graefen Markus , Zöllner Christian , Fischer Marlene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of early postoperative delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) between robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in the extreme Trendelenburg position and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (ORP) in supine position.MethodsPatients were screened for delirium signs 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following extubation.ResultsPACU delirium was present in 39.3% of RARP (64/163) patients and 41.8% of ORP (77/184) patients. Higher age (OR 1.072, 95%CI: 1.034‐1.111, P < .001), total intravenous anesthesia (OR 2.001, 95%CI: 1.243‐3.221, P = .004), and anesthesia duration (OR 1.255, 95%CI: 1.067‐1.476, P = .006) were associated with PACU delirium, but no association was found between surgical technique and PACU delirium.ConclusionCompared with inhalational anesthesia, total intravenous anesthesia using propofol‐sufentanil, higher age, and longer duration of anesthesia were associated with PACU delirium. Based on these findings, adverse effects on postoperative recovery and delirium signs do not have to be considered in the choice of surgical approach for radical prostatectomy.Trial registrationhttps://www.drks.de/, identifier: DRKS00010014.
Finite‐time stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Wang Xuhuan , Huang Shipei , Zou Wencheng , Xiang Zhengrong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the finite‐time stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐varying delay. Under suitable assumptions, a new state feedback control law is designed by using the adding a power integrator technique. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, it is shown that the corresponding closed‐loop system is finite‐time stable. Two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The calculation of riverine ecological instream flows and runoff profit‐loss analysis in a coal mining area of northern China
Authors: Wu Xijun , Lenon Gerard P. , Dong Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe northern Shaanxi province of China has severe water shortages, especially in coal mining areas, and it is very important to calculate the riverine ecological instream flows (EIFs) and analyse the runoff profit‐loss situation. Using the Kuye River as a case study, the EIF was calculated for different years and seasons using the instream flows rate (IFR) method and compared with the Tennant and the minimum monthly average flow (MAF) methods. The recommended value of the Kuye River EIF was obtained by an analysis of the results of these three methods. The river runoff profit‐loss situation associated with the EIF was also calculated and the main reason for the loss explained. The Kuye River EIF was calculated to be 1.69 to 11.14 m3/s by the IFR method, 1.94 to 8.50 m3/s by the Tennant method, and 3.81 to 10.87 m3/s by the MAF method. Based on these results, the EIF annual recommended value of the Kuye River was 4.00 m3/s for the 1961–2010 period. The wet season (July–October), average season (March–June), and dry season (November–following Feb) EIFs were 6.50, 3.50, and 2.00 m3/s, respectively. The Kuye River had a large surplus runoff within the EIF prior to1999, but from 1999 to 2010, the runoff and EIF were very close and the April to June average runoff did not meet the EIF. The main factors that affected the river runoff were rainfall, temperature, water and soil conservation, coal mining, and water consumption for industry and domestic use, with coal mining becoming a more important factor since 1999. This case study provides important technical support and guidance for the ecological restoration of the Kuye River basin, and the concept can be applied to other similar coal mining areas.
Drivers and challenges for transnational land–water–food investments by the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Hanna Ramy Lotfy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, transnational land–water investments in farmlands abroad by the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies have been adopted as an alternative strategy to address water–food scarcity and security narratives. Large‐scale land acquisitions in farmlands abroad are often attributed to the food and fuel crisis of 2007/8 and 2010/11. Land–water investments entail several drivers and challenges in light of demographic growth trends, physical water stress, commodity market fluctuations, food sovereignty concerns, and climate change uncertainties across diverse countries of the MENA region. Despite the ongoing reliance on virtual water trade to secure their food needs, transnational investments were adopted by MENA economies as an alternative strategy for water–food security. From a political economy standpoint, such investments are founded on state‐capital alliances to achieve both; profit as well as larger strategic objectives. Critical literature attempted to unpack transnational land–water investments through different analytical lenses including accumulation by dispossession, resources grabs, nexus, and water security mercantilism. Yet, the materialization of the investments on the ground go beyond these debates, and is often associated with challenges related to infrastructure, energy, investment climate, labor, as well as other environmental, social, and sovereign risks. Most importantly, land–water–food investments may also entail hydropolitical risks on local, national, and transboundary levels.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water GovernanceEngineering Water > Planning Water
Extracellular HMGB1 exacerbates autoimmune progression and recurrence of type 1 diabetes by impairing regulatory T cell stability
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Longmin , Wang Faxi , Zou Yuan , Li Jingyi , Luo Jiahui , Khan Faheem , Sun Fei , Li Yang , Liu Jing , Chen Zhishui , Zhang Shu , Xiong Fei , Yu Qilin , Li Jinxiu , Huang Kun , Adam Bao-Ling , Zhou Zhiguang , Eizirik Decio L. , Yang Ping , Wang Cong-Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal protein, was rediscovered to be a ‘danger signal’ (alarmin) that alerts the immune system once released extracellularly. Therefore, it has been recognised contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes, but its exact impact on the initiation and progression of type 1 diabetes, as well as the related molecular mechanisms, are yet to be fully characterised.

Methods
In the current report, we employed NOD mice as a model to dissect the impact of blocking HMGB1 on the prevention, treatment and reversal of type 1 diabetes. To study the mechanism involved, we extensively examined the characteristics of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their related signalling pathways upon HMGB1 stimulation. Furthermore, we investigated the relevance of our data to human autoimmune diabetes.

Results
Neutralising HMGB1 both delayed diabetes onset and, of particular relevance, reversed diabetes in 13 out of 20 new-onset diabetic NOD mice. Consistently, blockade of HMGB1 prevented islet isografts from autoimmune attack in diabetic NOD mice. Using transgenic reporter mice that carry a Foxp3 lineage reporter construct, we found that administration of HMGB1 impairs Treg stability and function. Mechanistic studies revealed that HMGB1 activates receptor for AGE (RAGE) and toll-like receptor (TLR)4 to enhance phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt–mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, thereby impairing Treg stability and functionality. Indeed, high circulating levels of HMGB1 in human participants with type 1 diabetes contribute to Treg instability, suggesting that blockade of HMGB1 could be an effective therapy against type 1 diabetes in clinical settings.

Conclusions/interpretation
The present data support the possibility that HMGB1 could be a viable therapeutic target to prevent the initiation, progression and recurrence of autoimmunity in the setting of type 1 diabetes.
Single‐Stage Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using Anatomical Silicone‐Based Implant and The Hammock Technique of Dermal‐Muscle Flap in Large and Ptotic breasts: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ellabban Mohamed A. , Nawar Ahmed , Milad Hala , Ellabban Mohammed G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study revisits the previously described technique of inverted‐T skin‐reducing mastectomy and dermal‐muscle pocket as a single‐stage breast reconstruction using anatomical implants in large and ptotic breasts. Refinements have been added to enhance the quality of implant coverage, improve aesthetic outcome, and augment the implant volume than previously described in the literature.
Subjects and methodsThe study was performed in three centers in the UK, Egypt, and Libya. It included patients with large ptotic breasts with a breast cup size of D or larger. The areola‐to‐inframammary fold distance is of 8 cm or more, and a nipple‐sternal notch distance is 25 cm or more. Modification of the dermal‐muscle flap was made through dividing the medial and lateral ends of the de‐epithelialized flap at a distance of one inch to create wings that could be sutured to the free edge of pectoralis major muscle to act as a hammock.ResultsIt included 42 patients, and the mean age of the patients was 44.4 years (range 28–62). The mean body mass index was 34.2 (range 24–42). The reconstruction was unilateral in 32 (76.2%) patients and bilateral in ten (23.8%) patients. The average implant volume was 498.5 CC (range 375–650). Seventeen (40.5%) patients had a symmetrizing breast reduction. The average follow‐up time was 52 weeks. Major complications were noticed in four (7.7%) breasts: Three breasts had major skin necrosis and one breast had hematoma that necessitated surgical evacuation. There were no reported cases of implant extrusion. Minor complications were recorded in six (11.5%) breasts; two had wound infection, and three had minor skin necrosis.ConclusionThe hammock technique of dermal‐muscle flap is safe and versatile in large and ptotic breasts. It also creates a natural‐looking breast with bigger implants.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae are associated with lumbar degeneration: retrospective evaluation of 3855 consecutive abdominal CT scans
Authors: Hanhivaara Jaakko , Määttä Juhani H. , Niinimäki Jaakko , Nevalainen Mika T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) and associated spinal degenerative changes on abdominal CT scans in Caucasian population.

Material and methods
A total of 3855 abdominal CT scans of the year 2017 from a single hospital were retrospectively assessed for LSTV, disc degeneration (DD), and facet joint degeneration (FD). An age- and sex-matched 150-subject control group without LSTV was picked at random. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the analysis.

Results
LSTV was found in 1101 (29%) scans: Castellvi type I in 68%, type II in 16%, type III in 13%, and type IV in 3% of scans. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of DD was significantly higher in Castellvi type II and III groups at multiple lumbar levels, and in IV group at L4/5 than in control group (p < 0.001–0.034). At L5/S1, the prevalence of DD was significantly higher in the control group than in type II, III, or IV groups (p < 0.001–0.017). After combining Castellvi types II, III, and IV into one group, significant differences were found at all lumbar levels except L2/3 (p < 0.001–0.016). Prevalence of FD was significantly higher at L4/5 in Castellvi groups I, II, and III than in the control group (p < 0.001–0.002). When Castellvi types II, III, and IV were combined into one group, significant differences were found at lumbar levels L2/3, L3/4, and L4/5 (p < 0.001–0.021).

Conclusion
Lumbosacral vertebrae of Castellvi types II, III, and IV are associated with greater lumbar degeneration, warranting meticulous evaluation of spinal anatomy, even on CT.

Key Points
• Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a common incidental finding on abdominal CT scans with a high prevalence of 29%.
• When assessing whole lumbar spine, lumbosacral vertebrae of Castellvi types II, III, and IV were associated with greater lumbar degeneration, warranting careful evaluation of the lumbar spine on abdominal CT scans.
Diffractive trifocal lens implantation with or without excimer laser enhancement: is a touch-up procedure a negative predictor for refractive and subjective outcome?
Authors: von Beckerath Anne-Karen , Katz Toam , Harfst Anna , Druchkiv Vasyl , Frings Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the refractive results of a LASIK enhancement and its impact on treatment safety, efficacy, predictability and patient reported outcome in eyes after clear lens extraction and diffractive trifocal lens implantation.

Methods
A retrospective cohort multicentre study of Care Vision Refractive Centres in Germany compared two groups of patients. Group 1 consisted of eyes that had non-toric MIOL surgery only, whereas group 2 had a consecutive laser enhancement after 3 months follow-up. Refractive and subjective results of the two groups were compared. Patient reported outcome measurements were assessed by using a 30-item questionnaire with four subscales.
(Spectacle Dependence, Eye Comfort, Freedom and Looking/Feeling Well). Refractive results were reported following standard reporting in refractive surgery.

Results
139 eyes of 79 patients were included in which either MIOL surgery or MIOL surgery plus LASIK enhancement had been performed between January and December 2017. UDVA reached 0.1logMAR (0.8; 20/25) in 94% in group 2 and 85% in group 1. Compared to preoperative CDVA no change in Snellen lines of CDVA was shown in 89% in group 1 and in 93% in group 2. Spectacle dependence (P = 0.41), eye comfort (P = 0.15), freedom (P = 0.48) and looking/feeling well (P = 0.45) showed no statistically significant difference between both the groups.

Conclusions
In patients with residual ametropia after MIOL implantation, LASIK provides a reliable, safe and efficient way to achieve the desired refractive outcome and patient satisfaction. We recommend performing Laser enhancement at 3 months after MIOL implantation (Bioptics) in trifocal MIOL patients that benefit from improvement of residual ametropia.
Structural proteomics, electron cryo-microscopy and structural modeling approaches in bacteria–human protein interactions
Authors: Chowdhury Sounak , Happonen Lotta , Khakzad Hamed , Malmström Lars , Malmström Johan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA central challenge in infection medicine is to determine the structure and function of host–pathogen protein–protein interactions to understand how these interactions facilitate bacterial adhesion, dissemination and survival. In this review, we focus on proteomics, electron cryo-microscopy and structural modeling to showcase instances where affinity-purification (AP) and cross-linking (XL) mass spectrometry (MS) has advanced our understanding of host–pathogen interactions. We highlight cases where XL-MS in combination with structural modeling has provided insight into the quaternary structure of interspecies protein complexes. We further exemplify how electron cryo-tomography has been used to visualize bacterial–human interactions during attachment and infection. Lastly, we discuss how AP-MS, XL-MS and electron cryo-microscopy and -tomography together with structural modeling approaches can be used in future studies to broaden our knowledge regarding the function, dynamics and evolution of such interactions. This knowledge will be of relevance for future drug and vaccine development programs.
Familial analysis reveals rare risk variants for migraine in regulatory regions
Authors: Techlo Tanya Ramdal , Rasmussen Andreas Høiberg , Møller Peter L. , Bøttcher Morten , Winther Simon , Davidsson Olafur B. , Olofsson Isa A. , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Nyegaard Mette , Olesen Jes , Hansen Thomas Folkmann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe most recent genome-wide association study of migraine increased the total number of known migraine risk loci to 38. Still, most of the heritability of migraine remains unexplained, and it has been suggested that rare gene dysregulatory variants play an important role in migraine etiology. Addressing the missing heritability of migraine, we aim to fine-map signals from the known migraine risk loci to regulatory mechanisms and associate these to downstream genic targets. We analyzed a large cohort of whole-genome sequenced patients from extended migraine pedigrees (1040 individuals from 155 families). We test for association between rare variants segregating in regulatory regions with migraine. The findings were replicated in an independent case-control cohort (2027 migraineurs, 1650 controls). We report an increased burden of rare variants in one CpG island and three polycomb group response elements near four migraine risk loci. We found that the association is independent of the common risk variants in the loci. The regulatory regions are suggested to affect different genes than those originally tagged by the index SNPs of the migraine loci. Families with familial clustering of migraine have an increased burden of rare variants in regulatory regions near known migraine risk loci, with effects that are independent of the variants in the loci. The possible regulatory targets suggest different genes than those originally tagged by the index SNPs of the migraine loci.
Planning for change? Assessing the integration of climate change and land-based livelihoods in Colorado BLM planning documents
Authors: Nave Julia , Knapp Corrine Noel , McNeeley Shannon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany western communities are surrounded by public lands that support land-based and local economies. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) decision-making affects the vulnerability of those land-based livelihoods, especially in the context of climate change. We analyzed Colorado BLM planning documents to evaluate how they are considering climate change, sensitive resources, impacts, and land-based livelihoods in their planning processes using both quantitative word counts and qualitative coding. Documents published in recent years (2011–2015) include more mentions of climate change than older documents (1985–1997). However, the review showed that while climate change is discussed within the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) planning documents, the final Resource Management Plans contain few mentions of climate change. Further, there is minimal consideration of how climate change may impact land-based livelihoods. These results prompt questions about the planning process, how climate change considerations are integrated into the final documents, and how that impacts on-the-ground management. The review suggests a need for increased consideration of climate change throughout the BLM’s planning process so that landscapes can be managed with more attention and awareness to climate change and the associated impacts to resources and dependent communities.
Quantifying Soft Tissue Artefacts and Imaging Variability in Motion Capture of the Fingers
Authors: Metcalf C. D. , Phillips C. , Forrester A. , Glodowski J. , Simpson K. , Everitt C. , Darekar A. , King L. , Warwick D. , Dickinson A. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the accuracy of marker-based kinematic analysis of the fingers, considering soft tissue artefacts (STA) and marker imaging uncertainty. We collected CT images of the hand from healthy volunteers with fingers in full extension, mid- and full-flexion, including motion capture markers. Bones and markers were segmented and meshed. The bone meshes for each volunteer’s scans were aligned using the proximal phalanx to study the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), and using the middle phalanx to study the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP). The angle changes between positions were extracted. The HAWK protocol was used to calculate PIP and DIP joint flexion angles in each position based on the marker centroids. Finally the marker locations were ‘corrected’ relative to the underlying bones, and the flexion angles recalculated. Static and dynamic marker imaging uncertainty was evaluated using a wand. A strong positive correlation was observed between marker- and CT-based joint angle changes with 0.980 and 0.892 regression slopes for PIP and DIP, respectively, and Root Mean Squared Errors below 4°. Notably for the PIP joint, correlation was worsened by STA correction. The 95% imaging uncertainty interval was < ± 1° for joints, and < ± 0.25 mm for segment lengths. In summary, the HAWK marker set’s accuracy was characterised for finger joint flexion angle changes in a small group of healthy individuals and static poses, and was found to benefit from skin movements during flexion.