bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panic at the disco: solar-powered strobe light barriers reduce field incursion by African elephantsLoxodonta africanain Chobe District, Botswana
Authors: Adams Tempe S. F. , Mwezi Isaiah , Jordan Neil R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManaging interactions between humans and wild elephants is a complex problem that is increasing as a result of agricultural and urban expansion into and alongside protected areas. Mitigating negative interactions requires the development of new tools to reduce competition and promote coexistence. Many studies have tested various mitigation techniques across elephant ranges in Africa and Asia, with varying levels of success. Recently, strobe lights have been suggested as a potential mitigation strategy in deterring African lionsPanthera leofrom kraals or bomas, but this technique has to date not been tested to reduce negative human–elephant interactions. Over a 2-year period (November 2016–June 2018), we tested the effectiveness of solar-powered strobe light barriers in deterring African elephantsLoxodonta africana, in collaboration with 18 farmers in a community adjacent to the Chobe Forest Reserve and Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. Although elephants were more likely to pass by fields with solar-powered strobe light barriers (which was probably a result of selection bias as we focused on fields that had previously been damaged by elephants), they were less likely to enter these treatment fields than control fields without such barriers. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of light barriers to reduce negative human–elephant interactions in rural communities.
The Origin of Romano-British Glass Bangles: Forgotten Artefacts from the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age
Authors: Ivleva Tatiana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the emergence and development of Romano-British glass bangles in southern Britain by providing a fresh analysis of finds that also considers recent theoretical and historical advances in interpreting the transition from the late Iron Age to the Roman period. By analysing the emergence of bangles in terms of technological and stylistic transfer, it suggests that the technology used in their production and their visual elements have continental lineage. It also situates bangles amid indigenous developments in bodily adornments in southern Britain beforea.d. 43. By reconnecting British bangles with their continental European counterparts and contextualising them within political, social and cultural processes in south-western England during the late pre-Roman Iron Age, the article argues that the emergence of bangles in Britain did not occur in a vacuum after the Claudian invasion ina.d. 43 but formed an integral part of globalising networks of cross-Channel trade and connections with the European mainland in the early first centurya.d.
“Detaching” Courts from Local Politics? Assessing the Judicial Centralization Reforms in China
Authors: Wang Yueduan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe local party-state has always been a major source of extrajudicial influence in China. Drawing on interviews with judges, this article examines the impact of Xi Jinping's ambitious judicial centralization reforms, which are aimed at enhancing judicial autonomy by transferring authority over local court personnel and finances from local to provincial level. It finds that the reforms have achieved limited results. Although many appointment and budgetary powers were formally transferred to the provincial level, the local party-state retains considerable influence in both areas owing to its superior manpower, local knowledge and, in the case of developed regions, financial resources. Moreover, the local party-state maintains significant informal influence over the courts, which require many forms of discretionary assistance from various state organs – ranging from appropriating land for new courthouses to providing police protection for remote tribunals – in order to function. This setback highlights the depth and complexity of the courts’ political and economic embeddedness and serves as a reminder of the inherent difficulty of institutionalizing judicial autonomy, however limited, in a large and diverse party-state.
Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of older US adults
Authors: Bishop Nicholas J , Zuniga Krystle E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between whole walnut intake and cognitive change in a representative sample of older Americans.Design:Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study. Walnut consumption was defined as a categorical measure (none, low intake (0·01–0·08 1 oz. servings per day) and moderate intake (>0·08 1 oz. servings per day)) and cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Latent growth modelling estimated the association between walnut consumption and trajectories of cognitive status over a 4-year observational period. Sensitivity analyses assessing non-random dropout and Monte Carlo power analyses were conducted to contextualise results.Setting:The USA.Participants:A sample of 3632 US adults aged 65 years and older.Results:Those reporting any walnut consumption had greater cognitive scores at baseline than those not consuming walnuts (low walnut consumption, b = 1·53, se = 0·21, P < 0·001; moderate walnut consumption, b = 2·22, se = 0·27, P < 0·001), but walnut consumption was not associated with cognitive change. Walnut consumption was positively associated with socioeconomic status and health behaviours as well as intake of nutrients identified to have neuroprotective benefits.Conclusions:We identified an association between walnut consumption and cognitive function in older adults, although we did not find that walnut consumption was protective against age-related cognitive decline.
GAME MODEL FOR ONLINE AND OFFLINE RETAILERS UNDER BUY-ONLINE AND PICK-UP-IN-STORE MODE WITH DELIVERY COST AND RANDOM DEMAND
Authors: OUYANG YING , WAN ZHAOMAN , WAN ZHONG 
Published: July 2020

Online retailers are increasingly adding buy-online and pick-up-in-store (BOPS) modes to order fulfilment. In this paper, we study a system of BOPS by developing a stochastic Nash equilibrium model with incentive compatibility constraints, where the online retailer seeks optimal online sale prices and an optimal delivery schedule in an order cycle, and the offline retailer pursues a maximal rate of sharing the profit owing to the consignment from the online retailer. By an expectation method and optimality conditions, the equilibrium model is first transformed into a system of constrained nonlinear equations. Then, by a case study and sensitivity analysis, the model is validated and the following practical insights are revealed. (I) Our method can reliably provide an equilibrium strategy for the online and offline retailers under BOPS mode, including the optimal online selling price, the optimal delivery schedule, the optimal inventory and the optimal allocation of profits. (II) Different model parameters, such as operational cost, price sensitivity coefficient, cross-sale factor, opportunity loss ratio and loss ratio of unsold goods, generate distinct impacts on the equilibrium solution and the profits of the BOPS system. (III) Optimization of the delivery schedule can generate greater consumer surplus, and makes the offline retailer share less sale profit from the online retailer, even if the total profit of the BOPS system becomes higher. (IV) Inventory subsidy is an indispensable factor to improve the applicability of the game model in BOPS mode.
Primary care community engagement – delivery of an enhanced and brief homogeneous group TF-CBT intervention for trauma from a single-incident road traffic accident: a case study
Authors: Skilbeck Lilian , Spanton Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The main current intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult primary care is individual trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Group TF-CBT for PTSD has been advocated in order to improve access and cost. Barriers to the development of group TF-CBT include the need for a large number of sessions and therapist input in order to manage high levels of affect, possible dissociation and secondary traumatisation. This case study was prompted via our community engagement project when local women who had been involved in a single road traffic accident requested group therapy. The aim was to develop a NICE guideline-compliant brief 8-session group TF-CBT intervention that circumvented the above-mentioned barriers and is described in detail. In order to improve access, the group was delivered in the community. Standard and PTSD-specific measures were administered pre-therapy and post-therapy. Eight clients were offered treatment: two dropped out and six completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 3/6 clients attained reliable improvement in their PTSD symptoms. Two of these three clients also reached recovery. This change was maintained at 3-month follow-up where 4/6 clients attained reliable improvement, with three maintaining recovery. The remaining two clients showed minimal change in their PTSD symptoms. Overall, clients reported high-level satisfaction with the treatment protocol. This case study demonstrates a potentially clinically effective and cost-effective group TF-CBT intervention for non-complex single-incident PTSD.

Key learning aims
It is hoped that the reader of this case study will increase their understanding of the following:

(1)
Use of a brief group TF-CBT protocol to treat homogeneous single incident trauma in adults.

(2)
Adaptations to overcome barriers to group TF-CBT in adults.

(3)
Implementation of individualised reliving based on written-narrative rather than spoken-narrative.

(4)
Focus on the processes of PTSD, whilst using content as a theme to contextualise the symptoms.

(5)
Emphasis on the use of homework in order to enhance group affect-modulation and individual learning.
Monitoring Intense Oceanic Fronts Using Sea Surface Roughness: Satellite, Airplane, and In Situ Comparison
Authors: Rascle Nicolas , Chapron Bertrand , Molemaker Jeroen , Nouguier Frédéric , Ocampo‐Torres Francisco J. , Osuna Cañedo J. Pedro , Marié Louis , Lund Björn , Horstmann Jochen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSea surface roughness is affected by surface current gradients, which provides a means of monitoring from satellite sharp oceanic fronts. This paper is the second report of an experiment designed to compare observations of sea surface roughness and surface currents at an unprecedented accuracy, owing to the conjunction of numerous deployed drifters and roughness instruments. About 200 drifters sampled a thin 10 km elongated submesoscale front, also monitored by a high density of roughness instruments: satellite synthetic aperture radar, satellite, and airborne multiangle sunglint radiometers. The first paper focused on the retrieval of the current gradient direction (convergence and cyclonic vorticity) at the front, using roughness observations at multiple angle from airplane. This second paper focuses on the retrieval of the current gradient magnitude and scale, using roughness observations at different scales, from airplane and from satellite. Two main results are obtained: (i) Trajectories of selected drifters show that the front is only 50 m wide and unambiguously exhibits convergence and cyclonic vorticity up to 100f (with f the Coriolis frequency). This far exceeds previously documented values for submesoscale deep ocean fronts. (ii) Correct estimation of such extreme current gradients using surface roughness hinges on instruments with sufficiently high spatial resolution. Lower‐resolution roughness sensors can still detect the front, as demonstrated from observations and a simplified model, but cannot properly estimate the current gradient magnitude and the frontal width. Those results provide guidelines for monitoring intense current gradients from space using sea surface roughness.
On Modeling of Quad‐Polarization Radar Scattering From the Ocean Surface With Breaking Waves
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhao Xiaolu , Perrie William , Kudryavtsev Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurate estimates of microwave radar returns based on theoretical electromagnetic scattering models are of great benefit to obtain insight into the microwave scattering mechanism at the ocean surface. In this study, quad‐polarized radar backscatters from the regular ocean surface (no breaking waves) are first simulated using a composite surface Bragg model and a second‐order small slope approximation model, using three different surface roughness spectral models. The copolarized and cross‐polarized radar backscatters, induced by breaking waves, are then quantitatively estimated using two recent empirical models, which are dependent on incidence angles, wind speeds, and wind directions. Model‐simulated total radar backscatters, from regular surface waves and breaking waves, are statistically compared with measurements from spaceborne C‐band quad‐polarization RADARSAT‐2 synthetic aperture radar and also calculations from copolarized and cross‐polarized geophysical model functions. Results show that simulations of quad‐polarization radar backscatter are significantly improved when the effects of breaking waves are incorporated, especially for HH and VH polarizations.
A unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Li Ningfei , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Kibleur Astrid , Treu Svenja , Akram Harith , Elias Gavin J. B. , Boutet Alexandre , Lozano Andres M. , Al-Fatly Bassam , Strange Bryan , Barcia Juan A. , Zrinzo Ludvic , Joyce Eileen , Chabardes Stephan , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Polosan Mircea , Kuhn Jens , Kühn Andrea A. , Horn Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple surgical targets for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been proposed. However, different targets may modulate the same neural network responsible for clinical improvement. We analyzed data from four cohorts of patients (N = 50) that underwent DBS to the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the nucleus accumbens or the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The same fiber bundle was associated with optimal clinical response in cohorts targeting either structure. This bundle connected frontal regions to the STN. When informing the tract target based on the first cohort, clinical improvements in the second could be significantly predicted, and vice versa. To further confirm results, clinical improvements in eight patients from a third center and six patients from a fourth center were significantly predicted based on their stimulation overlap with this tract. Our results show that connectivity-derived models may inform clinical improvements across DBS targets, surgeons and centers. The identified tract target is openly available in atlas form.
Silencing hepatic MCJ attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by increasing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Barbier-Torres Lucía , Fortner Karen A. , Iruzubieta Paula , Delgado Teresa C. , Giddings Emily , Chen Youdinghuan , Champagne Devin , Fernández-Ramos David , Mestre Daniela , Gomez-Santos Beatriz , Varela-Rey Marta , de Juan Virginia Gutiérrez , Fernández-Tussy Pablo , Zubiete-Franco Imanol , García-Monzón Carmelo , González-Rodríguez Águeda , Oza Dhaval , Valença-Pereira Felipe , Fang Qian , Crespo Javier , Aspichueta Patricia , Tremblay Frederic , Christensen Brock C. , Anguita Juan , Martínez-Chantar María Luz , Rincón Mercedes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the next major health epidemic with an estimated 25% worldwide prevalence. No drugs have yet been approved and NAFLD remains a major unmet need. Here, we identify MCJ (Methylation-Controlled J protein) as a target for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced phase of NAFLD. MCJ is an endogenous negative regulator of the respiratory chain Complex I that acts to restrain mitochondrial respiration. We show that therapeutic targeting of MCJ in the liver with nanoparticle- and GalNAc-formulated siRNA efficiently reduces liver lipid accumulation and fibrosis in multiple NASH mouse models. Decreasing MCJ expression enhances the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β-oxidation of fatty acids and minimizes lipid accumulation, which results in reduced hepatocyte damage and fibrosis. Moreover, MCJ levels in the liver of NAFLD patients are elevated relative to healthy subjects. Thus, inhibition of MCJ emerges as an alternative approach to treat NAFLD.
Strain engineering of two-dimensional multilayered heterostructures for beyond-lithium-based rechargeable batteries
Authors: Xiong Pan , Zhang Fan , Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Shijian , Liu Hao , Sun Bing , Zhang Jinqiang , Sun Yi , Ma Renzhi , Bando Yoshio , Zhou Cuifeng , Liu Zongwen , Sasaki Takayoshi , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBeyond-lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates for high-energy-density, low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications. However, the main challenge lies in the development of suitable electrode materials. Here, we demonstrate a new type of zero-strain cathode for reversible intercalation of beyond-Li+ ions (Na+, K+, Zn2+, Al3+) through interface strain engineering of a 2D multilayered VOPO4-graphene heterostructure. In-situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal a reversible intercalation mechanism of cations in the 2D multilayered heterostructure with a negligible volume change. When applied as cathodes in K+-ion batteries, we achieve a high specific capacity of 160 mA h g−1 and a large energy density of ~570 W h kg−1, presenting the best reported performance to date. Moreover, the as-prepared 2D multilayered heterostructure can also be extended as cathodes for high-performance Na+, Zn2+, and Al3+-ion batteries. This work heralds a promising strategy to utilize strain engineering of 2D materials for advanced energy storage applications.
Heterophase fcc-2H-fcc gold nanorods
Authors: Fan Zhanxi , Bosman Michel , Huang Zhiqi , Chen Ye , Ling Chongyi , Wu Lin , Akimov Yuriy A. , Laskowski Robert , Chen Bo , Ercius Peter , Zhang Jian , Qi Xiaoying , Goh Min Hao , Ge Yiyao , Zhang Zhicheng , Niu Wenxin , Wang Jinlan , Zheng Haimei , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe crystal phase-based heterostructures of noble metal nanomaterials are of great research interest for various applications, such as plasmonics and catalysis. However, the synthesis of unusual crystal phases of noble metals still remains a great challenge, making the construction of heterophase noble metal nanostructures difficult. Here, we report a one-pot wet-chemical synthesis of well-defined heterophase fcc-2H-fcc gold nanorods (fcc: face-centred cubic; 2H: hexagonal close-packed with stacking sequence of “AB”) at mild conditions. Single particle-level experiments and theoretical investigations reveal that the heterophase gold nanorods demonstrate a distinct optical property compared to that of the conventional fcc gold nanorods. Moreover, the heterophase gold nanorods possess superior electrocatalytic activity for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction over their fcc counterparts under ambient conditions. First-principles calculations suggest that the boosted catalytic performance stems from the energetically favourable adsorption of reaction intermediates, endowed by the unique heterophase characteristic of gold nanorods.
The induction and function of the anti-inflammatory fate of TH17 cells
Authors: Xu Hao , Agalioti Theodora , Zhao Jun , Steglich Babett , Wahib Ramez , Vesely Maria Carolina Amezcua , Bielecki Piotr , Bailis Will , Jackson Ruaidhri , Perez Daniel , Izbicki Jakob , Licona-Limón Paula , Kaartinen Vesa , Geginat Jens , Esplugues Enric , Tolosa Eva , Huber Samuel , Flavell Richard A. , Gagliani Nicola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTH17 cells exemplify environmental immune adaptation: they can acquire both a pathogenic and an anti-inflammatory fate. However, it is not known whether the anti-inflammatory fate is merely a vestigial trait, or whether it serves to preserve the integrity of the host tissues. Here we show that the capacity of TH17 cells to acquire an anti-inflammatory fate is necessary to sustain immunological tolerance, yet it impairs immune protection against S. aureus. Additionally, we find that TGF-β signalling via Smad3/Smad4 is sufficient for the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in TH17 cells. Our data thus indicate a key function of TH17 cell plasticity in maintaining immune homeostasis, and dissect the molecular mechanisms explaining the functional flexibility of TH17 cells with regard to environmental changes.
Comprehensive structure-function characterization of DNMT3B and DNMT3A reveals distinctive de novo DNA methylation mechanisms
Authors: Gao Linfeng , Emperle Max , Guo Yiran , Grimm Sara A. , Ren Wendan , Adam Sabrina , Uryu Hidetaka , Zhang Zhi-Min , Chen Dongliang , Yin Jiekai , Dukatz Michael , Anteneh Hiwot , Jurkowska Renata Z. , Lu Jiuwei , Wang Yinsheng , Bashtrykov Pavel , Wade Paul A. , Wang Gang Greg , Jeltsch Albert , Song Jikui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMammalian DNA methylation patterns are established by two de novo DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, which exhibit both redundant and distinctive methylation activities. However, the related molecular basis remains undetermined. Through comprehensive structural, enzymology and cellular characterization of DNMT3A and DNMT3B, we here report a multi-layered substrate-recognition mechanism underpinning their divergent genomic methylation activities. A hydrogen bond in the catalytic loop of DNMT3B causes a lower CpG specificity than DNMT3A, while the interplay of target recognition domain and homodimeric interface fine-tunes the distinct target selection between the two enzymes, with Lysine 777 of DNMT3B acting as a unique sensor of the +1 flanking base. The divergent substrate preference between DNMT3A and DNMT3B provides an explanation for site-specific epigenomic alterations seen in ICF syndrome with DNMT3B mutations. Together, this study reveals distinctive substrate-readout mechanisms of the two DNMT3 enzymes, implicative of their differential roles during development and pathogenesis.
Pair density wave at high magnetic fields in cuprates with charge and spin orders
Authors: Shi Zhenzhong , Baity P. G. , Terzic J. , Sasagawa T. , Popović Dragana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn underdoped cuprates, the interplay of the pseudogap, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering can give rise to exotic quantum states, including the pair density wave (PDW), in which the superconducting (SC) order parameter is oscillatory in space. However, the evidence for a PDW state remains inconclusive and its broader relevance to cuprate physics is an open question. To test the interlayer frustration, the crucial component of the PDW picture, we perform transport measurements on charge- and spin-stripe-ordered La1.7Eu0.2Sr0.1CuO4 and La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 in perpendicular magnetic fields (H⊥), and also with an additional field applied parallel to CuO2 layers (H∥). We detect several phenomena predicted to arise from the existence of a PDW, including an enhancement of interlayer SC phase coherence with increasing H∥. These data also provide much-needed transport signatures of the PDW in the regime where superconductivity is destroyed by quantum phase fluctuations.