bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introspection about backward crosstalk in dual-task performance
Authors: Bratzke Daniel , Janczyk Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated participants’ ability to introspect about the effect of between-task crosstalk in dual tasks. In two experiments, participants performed a compatibility-based backward crosstalk dual task, and additionally provided estimates of their RTs (introspective reaction times, IRTs) after each trial (Experiment 1) or after each pair of prime and test trials (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the objective performance showed the typical backward crosstalk effect and its sequential modulation depending on compatibility in the previous trial. Very similar patterns were observed in IRTs, despite the typical unawareness of the PRP effect. In sum, these results demonstrate the reliability of between-task crosstalk in dual tasks and that people’s introspection about the temporal processing demands in this complex dual-task situation is intriguingly accurate and severely limited at the same time.
Microgripper design and evaluation for automated µ-wire assembly: a survey
Authors: Llewellyn-Evans H. , Griffiths C. A. , Fahmy A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrogrippers are commonly used for micromanipulation of micro-objects from 1 to 100 µm and attain features of reliable accuracy, low cost, wide jaw aperture and variable applied force. This paper aim is to review the design of different microgrippers which can manipulate and assemble µ-wire to PCB connectors. A review was conducted on microgrippers’ technologies, comparing fundamental components of structure and actuators’ types, which determined the most suitable design for the required micromanipulation task. Various microgrippers’ design was explored to examine the suitability and the execution of requirements needed for successful micromanipulation.
Why we fail: mechanisms and co-factors of unsuccessful thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Heider Dominik M. , Simgen Andreas , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Dietrich Philipp , Yilmaz Umut , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Roumia Safwan , Faßbender Klaus , Reith Wolfgang , Kettner Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke. However, recanalization fails in about 16.5% of interventions. We report our experience with unsuccessful MT and analyze technical reasons plus patient-related parameters for failure.MethodsFive hundred ninety-six patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation and intention to perform MT with an aspiration catheter and/or stent retriever were analyzed. Failure was defined as 0, 1, or 2a on the mTICI scale. Patients with failing MT were analyzed for interventional progress and compared to patients with successful intervention, whereby parameters included demographics, medical history, stroke presentation, and treatment.ResultsOne hundred of the 596 (16.8%) interventions failed. In 20 cases, thrombus could not be accessed or passed with the device. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is common in those patients. In 80 patients, true stent retriever failure occurred. In this group, coagulation disorders are associated with poor results, whereas atrial fibrillation is associated with success.The administration of intravenous thrombolysis and intake of nitric oxide donors are associated with recanalization success. Intervention duration was significantly longer in the failing group.ConclusionIn 20% of failing MT, thrombus cannot be reached/passed. Direct carotid puncture or surgical arterial access could be considered in these cases.In 80% of failing interventions, thrombus can be passed with the device, but the occluded vessel cannot be recanalized. Rescue techniques can be an option. Development of new devices and techniques is necessary to improve recanalization rates. Assessment of pre-existing illness could sensitize for occurring complications.
Brain hyperintensities in magnetic resonance imaging of patients with mild acute focal neurology
Authors: Varsou Ourania , Turnbull Katie , Stringer Michael S , Fernandes Catarina Dinis , Murray Alison D , Schwarzbauer Christian , Macleod Mary Joan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Hyperintensities are common in neuroimaging scans of patients with mild acute focal neurology. However, their pathogenic role and clinical significance is not well understood. We assessed whether there was an association between hyperintensity score with diagnostic category and clinical assessments/measures.

Methods
One hundred patients (51 ± 12 years; 45:55 women:men), with symptomatology suggestive of short duration ischemia referred for magnetic resonance imaging, were prospectively recruited in NHS Grampian between 2012 and 2014. Hyperintensities were quantified, on T2 and FLAIR, using the Scheltens score.

Results
The most frequent diagnosis was minor stroke (33%), migraine (25%) and transient ischemic attack (17%). The mean total Scheltens score was 28.49 ± 11.93 with all participants having various loads of hyperintensities. Statistically significant correlations between hyperintensity scores and clinical assessments/measures (age, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, MoCA) at the global level were also reflected regionally. These provide further supporting data in terms of the robustness of the Scheltens scale.

Conclusion
Hyperintensities could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker for patients, presenting with mild acute focal neurology, warranting application of automated quantification methods. However, larger cohorts are required to provide a definitive answer especially as this is a heterogenous group of patients.
Demografischer Wandel und Renten: Beschäftigungspotenziale erfolgreich nutzen
Authors: Zwiener Rudolf , Blank Florian , Logeay Camille , Turk Erik , Woss Josef 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der Diskussion über notwendige Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels wird die zukünftige Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarkts oft ignoriert, obwohl Analysen ein enormes ungenutztes Beschäftigungspotenzial vor allem bei Frauen, älteren Menschen und Migranten aufzeigen. Modellrechnungen zeigen, dass eine bessere Nutzung des vorhandenen Beschaftigungspotenzials, höhere Löhnen und eine Fiskalpolitik, die mehr Beschäftigung schafft, dazu beitragen, den demografischen Wandel sinnvoll zu steuern.
Osten holt auf, benötigt aber mehr Investitionen
Authors: Quaas Georg 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas dynamische Gleichgewicht, das sich in der deutschen Volkswirtschaft herausgebildet hat, ist im produktiven Bereich überwiegend durch eine Annäherung der neuen Bundesländer an die alten Bundesländer charakterisiert. Im Osten entwickelt sich die Produktivität besonders dynamisch und fast ausschließlich aufgrund des technischen Fortschritts. Dieser Prozess könnte durch Anreize für unternehmerische Investitionen beschleunigt werden. Angesichts der Größenordnung zusätzlich zu investierender Betrage - es fehlen ca. 45 Mrd. Euro, um die Kapitalausstattung anzugleichen - dürfte der Staat sehr schnell überfordert sein, wollte man ihm allein diese Aufgabe zuweisen.
Cognitive focus affects spatial decisions under conditions of uncertainty
Authors: Tenbrink Thora , Taylor Holly A. , Brunyé Tad T. , Gagnon Stephanie A. , Gardony Aaron L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFinding one’s way to a destination is a common, everyday task that often relies on spatial information provided by humans and/or automatic devices. However, the information can be inaccurate. How we decide which route to take will depend on our thoughts about the available route information, including who or what provided it, and how these sources may be associated with differential accuracy and fallibility. In three experiments (previously reported in Brunyé et al. (Q J Exper Psychol 68(3):585–607, 2015)), we found that when route directions conflicted with the perceived environment, people trusted the landmark information other humans provided, but relied on the turn direction information from an automatic device. But what guides these behavioral results? Here we present a systematic linguistic analysis of retrospective reports that sheds some light on how information about the direction source affects cognitive focus. A focus on direction sources in the instruction triggered a cognitive focus on the direction source throughout. Participants who systematically switched strategies focused more on features of the scenario than those who did not. Non-switching strategies were associated with a higher focus on the participants’ own reasoning processes, in particular when relying on turn information. These results highlight how cognitive focus is guided by scenario factors and individual preferences, triggering inferences that influence decisions.
Adsorption selectivity of CO2 over CH4, N2 and H2 in melamine–resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogels
Authors: Principe Ivan A. , Fletcher Ashleigh J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSorptive selectivity of melamine–resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogels, towards CO2, CH4, N2 and H2, is reported, where all systems demonstrate potential for selective adsorption of CO2 from corresponding binary gas mixtures. Selected gas mixtures represent important gas separation applications found in industry, i.e. CO2 removal from power plant flue gases (CO2–N2), sour gas sweetening (CO2–CH4), and separation of species in the water–gas shift reaction (CO2–H2). All materials tested exhibit microporous character, enhancing adsorption of small molecules, however, it is the inclusion of a nitrogen-rich material into the gel matrix that results in enhanced selectivities for these systems. Despite the porous character of the gels, under the test conditions used to simulate industrial parameters, all three balance gases, i.e. H2, N2 and CH4, showed low affinities for the xerogels, while CO2 adsorption was notably higher and increased with the inclusion and increased concentration of melamine. Ideal adsorbed solution theory was used to demonstrate significant differences in adsorption uptake, especially for CO2–CH4, and high selectivities for CO2 over N2. In all cases, selected xerogels exhibited industrially relevant adsorption timescales for CO2 over competitor gases, demonstrating the potential of these materials for the selective adsorption of CO2 from process streams.
A multicriteria decision support tool for modelling bank credit ratings
Authors: Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Papadimitri Panagiota , Tasiou Menelaos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe introduce an application of the SMAA-Fuzzy-FlowSort approach to the case of modelling bank credit ratings. Its stochastic nature allows for imprecisions and uncertainty that naturally surround a decision-making exercise to be embedded into the proposed framework, whilst its output complements the ordinal nature of a crisp classification with cardinal information that shows the degree of membership to each rating category. Combined with the SMAA variant of GAIA that offers a visual of a bank’s judgmental analysis, both recent approaches provide a holistic multicriteria decision support tool in the hands of a credit analyst and enable a rich inferential procedure to be conducted. To illustrate the assets of this framework, we provide a case study evaluating the credit risk of 55 EU banks according to their financial fundamentals.
Highly selective bile acid hydroxylation by the multifunctional bacterial P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP)
Authors: Grobe Sascha , Wszołek Agata , Brundiek Henrike , Fekete Melinda , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
Regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) using CYP107D1 (OleP), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from the oleandomycin synthesis pathway of Streptomyces antibioticus.

Results
Co-expression of CYP107D1 from S. antibioticus and the reductase/ferredoxin system PdR/PdX from Pseudomonas putida was performed in Escherichia coli whole cells. In vivo hydroxylation of LCA exclusively yielded the 6β-OH product murideoxycholic acid (MDCA). In resting cells, 19.5% of LCA was converted to MDCA within 24 h, resulting in a space time yield of 0.04 mmol L−1 h−1. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the identity of MDCA as the sole product.

Conclusions

The multifunctional P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) can hydroxylate LCA, forming MDCA as the only product.
Does the extended evolutionary synthesis entail extended explanatory power?
Authors: Baedke Jan , Fábregas-Tejeda Alejandro , Vergara-Silva Francisco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiologists and philosophers of science have recently called for an extension of evolutionary theory. This so-called ‘extended evolutionary synthesis’ (EES) seeks to integrate developmental processes, extra-genetic forms of inheritance, and niche construction into evolutionary theory in a central way. While there is often agreement in evolutionary biology over the existence of these phenomena, their explanatory relevance is questioned. Advocates of EES posit that their perspective offers better explanations than those provided by ‘standard evolutionary theory’ (SET). Still, why this would be the case is unclear. Usually, such claims assume that EES’s superior explanatory status arises from the pluralist structure of EES, its different problem agenda, and a growing body of evidence for the evolutionary relevance of developmental phenomena (including developmental bias, inclusive inheritance, and niche construction). However, what is usually neglected in this debate is a discussion of what the explanatory standards of EES actually are, and how they differ from prevailing standards in SET. In other words, what is considered to be a good explanation in EES versus SET? To answer this question, we present a theoretical framework that evaluates the explanatory power of different evolutionary explanations of the same phenomena. This account is able to identify criteria for why and when evolutionary explanations of EES are better than those of SET. Such evaluations will enable evolutionary biology to find potential grounds for theoretical integration.
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) as a Tool to Modulate P300 Amplitude in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Preliminary Findings
Authors: Dallmer-Zerbe Isa , Popp Fabian , Lam Alexandra Philomena , Philipsen Alexandra , Herrmann Christoph Siegfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies examining event-related potentials (ERP) in patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have found considerable evidence of reduced target P300 amplitude across different perceptual modalities. P300 amplitude has been related to attention-driven context comparison and resource allocation processes. Altered P300 amplitude in ADHD can be reasonably assumed to be related to ADHD typical cognitive performance deficits. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can increase the amplitude of endogenous brain oscillations. Because ERP components can be viewed as event-related oscillations (EROs), with P300 translating into the delta (0–4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) frequency range, an increase of delta and theta ERO amplitudes by tACS should result in an increase of P300 amplitudes in ADHD patients. In this pilot study, 18 adult ADHD patients (7 female) performed three consecutive blocks of a visual oddball task while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Patients received either 20 min of tACS or sham stimulation at a stimulation intensity of 1 mA. Individual stimulation frequency was determined using a time–frequency decomposition of the P300. Our preliminary results demonstrate a significant increase in P300 amplitude in the stimulation group which was accompanied by a decrease in omission errors pre-to-post tACS. However, studies including larger sample sizes are advised.
Comparative analysis of thylakoid protein complexes in state transition mutants nsi and stn7: focus on PSI and LHCII
Authors: Koskela Minna M. , Brünje Annika , Ivanauskaite Aiste , Lopez Laura S. , Schneider Dominik , DeTar Rachael A. , Kunz Hans-Henning , Finkemeier Iris , Mulo Paula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe photosynthetic machinery of plants can acclimate to changes in light conditions by balancing light-harvesting between the two photosystems (PS). This acclimation response is induced by the change in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, which triggers state transitions through activation of the STN7 kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins. Phosphorylation of LHCII results in its association with PSI (state 2), whereas dephosphorylation restores energy allocation to PSII (state 1). In addition to state transition regulation by phosphorylation, we have recently discovered that plants lacking the chloroplast acetyltransferase NSI are also locked in state 1, even though they possess normal LHCII phosphorylation. This defect may result from decreased lysine acetylation of several chloroplast proteins. Here, we compared the composition of wild type (wt),stn7andnsithylakoid protein complexes involved in state transitions separated by Blue Native gel electrophoresis. Protein complex composition and relative protein abundances were determined by LC–MS/MS analyses using iBAQ quantification. We show that despite obvious mechanistic differences leading to defects in state transitions, no major differences were detected in the composition of PSI and LHCII between the mutants. Moreover, bothstn7andnsiplants show retarded growth and decreased PSII capacity under fluctuating light as compared to wt, while the induction of non-photochemical quenching under fluctuating light was much lower in bothnsimutants than instn7.
The ‘Dark Side’ of Social Capital: A Cross-National Examination of the Relationship Between Social Capital and Violence in Africa
Authors: Alcorta Ludovico , Smits Jeroen , Swedlund Haley J. , de Jong Eelke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch and policy circles often emphasize the importance of social capital in achieving social transformation and economic development. There is also, however, potentially a ‘dark side’ to social capital. This study investigates the relationship between two different types of social capital—structural and cognitive—using two different measures of political violence: self-reported support for political violence and self-reported participation in political violence. We theorized that cognitive social capital will facilitate social cohesion within a community, enabling particularized trust between neighbours and a shared identity. On the other hand, structural social capital, or associational membership, potentially facilitates the diffusion of grievances and facilitates collective mobilization. Accordingly, we predict that higher levels of structural social capital will be associated with support for and participation in political violence, whilst higher levels of cognitive social capital will be associated with less support for and participation in political violence. We then test these predictions using Afrobarometer data on 40,455 individuals living in 27 African countries. Multivariate regression analysis confirms that indicators of structural and cognitive social capital have contrasting relationships with support for and participation in political violence. While particularized trust and national identity are negatively associated with political violence, religious and community associational membership are positively associated with political violence. In addition, we find that strength of attachment to a social identity, regardless of whether to an ethnic or national identity, is an important indicator of political violence.
Social Enterprises’ Hybridity in the Concept of Institutional Logics: Evidence from Polish NGOs
Authors: Mikołajczak Paweł 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial enterprises have gained wide recognition as a tool for solving social and environmental problems. They generate new opportunities in the social sphere, while being active in the commercial field. They are hybrid organizations that face many challenges when pursuing frequently conflicting goals. Social enterprises are therefore an expression of the possibility of different institutional logics coexisting as part of the same organization. Social enterprises running a commercial activity and using business-like practices legitimize the market logic, while the social goal of their operation is consistent with the logic of social welfare. Although there an intense discussion takes place in the literature on institutional logics that may affect nonprofits’ activity as hybrid organizations, so far the topic has been empirically verified only to a limited extent. The aim of this article is to examine the successful coexistence of the market logic and the social-welfare logic in NGOs acting as social enterprises. On the basis of a representative national survey of 3800 NGOs, including 412 carrying out market sales and thereby referred to as social enterprises, a one-factor analysis of variance was carried out. The obtained findings of the study indicate that social enterprises acting as non-governmental organizations successfully combine the market and the social-welfare logics.
The Image-Based Inertial Release (IBIR) Test: A New High Strain Rate Test for Stiffness Strain-Rate Sensitivity Identification
Authors: Fletcher L. , Pierron F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA key limitation of current moderate and high strain rate test methods is the need for external force measurement. For high loading rate hydraulic machines, ringing in the load cell corrupts the force measurement. Similarly, the analysis of split-Hopkinson bar tests requires the assumption that the specimen is in a state of quasi-static equilibrium. Recently, image-based inertial test methods have shown that external force measurement is not required if full-field measurements are available and inertial effects are significant enough. In this case the load information is provided by the acceleration fields which are derived from full-field displacement measurements. This article describes a new image-based inertial test method that can be used for simultaneous quasi-static and high strain rate stiffness identification on the same test sample. An experimental validation of the new test method is provided using PMMA samples. A major advantage of this new test method is that it utilises a standard tensile test machine and the only specialist equipment that is required is an ultra-high speed camera.