bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal configuration and resolution for the first convection‐permitting ensemble of climate projections over the United Kingdom
Authors: Fosser Giorgia , Kendon Elizabeth , Chan Steven , Lock Adrian , Roberts Nigel , Bush Mike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConvection‐permitting models (CPMs) provide a better representation of sub‐daily precipitation statistics and convective processes on both climate and weather forecasting timescales. This study aims to establish what horizontal resolution and physical process settings are suitable for the first ensemble of convection‐permitting climate projections for the United Kingdom. For this purpose, 12‐year‐long simulations were run using three different convection‐permitting resolutions (grid spacing of 4 km, 2.2 km and 1.5 km) each with several configurations. The focus is on the ability to represent sub‐daily precipitation due to its potential for high impacts on society through flooding. The analysis shows that the use of a finer grid spacing within the convection‐permitting regime improves the representation of sub‐daily precipitation but the added value decreases as the grid becomes increasingly finer, while the computational costs substantially increase. Changes in the representation of physical processes can have as much impact as the grid spacing and can lead to similar differences in the diurnal cycle as between convection‐parametrized models and CPMs. Although the 4km model shows some key deficiencies that make it unreliable for climate projection, the 2.2km model performs as well as the 1.5km model for most of the metrics examined with considerable benefits in terms of computer cost. The optimal configuration and resolution identified here is being used for an ensemble of simulations run within the UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18) project, which allows, for the first time, an estimate of uncertainty in future changes at convection‐permitting scale and providing more reliable climate change projections at local and hourly scales.
High‐Performance Sieving Electrophoresis for Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms with a Structuring Hydrogel Network
Authors: You Qingxiang , Wang Ping , Zhang Dawei , Li Zhenqing , Yamaguchi Yoshinori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough DNAs with single‐nucleotide difference (e.g., 1000 and 1001 nt) can be resolved by capillary electrophoresis (CE), separation of the same length DNA with single‐nucleotide difference is still a great challenge, which is caused by the structural or thermodynamical fluctuation of the sieving matrix. Here, a homogeneous tetra‐arm poly (ethylene glycol) (Tetra‐PEG) polymer network is synthesized in a capillary, and single monoprotic ssDNA is successfully separated in the capillary filled with cross‐linked Tetra‐PEG polymer. Results show that the separation performance in both slab‐gel electrophoresis and CE is dramatically improved by Tetra‐PEG gel than polyacrylamide gel as sieving matrix. Moreover, separation based on Tetra‐PEG gel depends on not only the DNA size but also the chemical modification and DNA sequence, indicating that it is an ideal alternative to polyacrylamide gel.
Non‐Ideal Intermolecular Interactions between Charged PAMAM‐EDA Dendrimers at Low Concentrations
Authors: Freire Juan J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are performed for neutral or charged polyamidoamine dendrimers interacting through adequate numerical potentials over a range of relatively low solution concentrations similar to those used in most scattering experiments. According to the results, the neutral dendrimers show a near to linear variation of the inverse of the structure functions at zero scattering angle variable, 1/S(q = 0). However, the charged dendrimers show a remarkable departure from the linear behavior in the same range of concentrations. Therefore, it is concluded that the charged dendrimer systems do not behave as ideal dilute solutions in this concentration range. The behavior is similar for all the explored dendrimer generations and it is clearly related with the long‐range electrostatic repulsions between charged dendrimers. The maximum of the structure function is also analyzed as a function of concentration and its location is compared with existing experimental data.
13C NMR investigations of molecular order of rod‐like, bent‐core, and thiophene mesogens
Authors: Lobo Nitin P. , Ramanathan K.V. , Narasimhaswamy T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this review, methods to obtain the orientational order of topologically variant molecular mesogens using by one‐ and two‐dimensional (2D) solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are described. Besides 13C chemical shifts, the 13C─1H dipolar couplings measured from 2D‐separated local field (SLF) technique are used for computing the order parameters of a variety of mesogens. The investigated molecules are composed of a variable number of rings in the core, that is, core ranging from simply one ring to five rings. Among the mesogens investigated, a special focus has been placed on mesogens with thiophene rings, which are gaining popularity as liquid crystalline organic semiconductors. The replacement of a phenyl ring by thiophene in the core has a dramatic influence on molecular topology, as observed from the measured order parameters. The review highlights the advantages of the 2D SLF method for understanding the local dynamics and for mapping the topology of mesogens through the measured order parameters. SLF NMR studies of as many as 24 molecular mesogens that vary in terms of the molecular structure as well as topology are covered in the review. Order parameters of the rings have been estimated from the 13C─1H dipolar couplings in the nematic, smectic A, smectic C, and tilted hexatic phases as well as in B1 and B2 mesophases of various mesogens. It is anticipated that, in the years to come, the 2D SLF method would provide advanced molecular information on structurally complex mesogens that are emerging in liquid crystal science through the incessant efforts of synthetic chemists.The mini review covers the orientational order of topologically variant molecular mesogens determined by 1D and 2D solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Accordingly, rod‐like, bent‐core, and thiophene mesogens were subjected to 2D SLF measurements to get the order parameters from which the topology was established. The replacement of phenyl ring by thiophene and its influence on order parameters as well as on molecular topology is also discussed.
Thermo‐hydro‐mechanical modeling of unsaturated soils using isogeometric analysis: Model development and application to strain localization simulation
Authors: Shahrokhabadi Shahriar , Cao Toan Duc , Vahedifard Farshid 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis study presents a thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) model of unsaturated soils using isogeometric analysis (IGA). The framework employs Bézier extraction to connect IGA to the conventional finite element analysis (FEA), featuring the current study as one of the first attempts to develop an IGA‐FEA framework for solving THM problems in unsaturated soils. IGA offers higher levels of interelement continuity making it an attractive method for solving highly nonlinear problems. The governing equations of linear momentum, mass, and energy balance are coupled based on the averaging procedure within the hybrid mixture theory. The Drucker‐Prager yield surface is used to limit the modified effective stress where the model follows small strain, quasi‐static loading conditions. Temperature dependency of the surface tension is implemented in the soil‐water retention curve. Nonuniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) basis functions are used in the standard Galerkin method and weak formulations of the balance equations. Displacement, capillary pressure, gas pressure, and temperature are four independent quantities that are approximated by NURBS in spatial discretization. The framework is used to simulate strain localization in an undrained dense sand subjected to plane strain biaxial compression under different temperatures and displacement velocities. Results show that an increase in the displacement rate leads to reduction in the equivalent plastic strain while an increase in the temperature leads to an increase in the equivalent plastic strain. The findings suggest that the proposed IGA‐based framework offers a viable alternative for solving THM problems in unsaturated soils.
Operating theatre nurse specialist competence to ensure patient safety in the operating theatre: A discursive paper
Authors: von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin , Swenne Christine Leo , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter , Falk Brynhildsen Karin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo discuss specialist operating theatre nurses’ competence in relation to the general six core competencies and patient safety.DesignA discursive analysis of legal statutes and scientific articles.MethodsSwedish legal statutes and an overview of scientific articles on operating theatre nursing were deductively analysed and classified into healthcare providers’ general six core competencies.ResultsAll healthcare professionals should possess the general core competencies, regardless of their discipline. The specific content within these competencies differs between disciplines. The specialized operating theatre nurse is the only healthcare professional having the competence to be responsible for asepsis, instrumentation, infection and complication, control and management of biological specimens during the surgical procedure. Besides operating theatre nurses, no other healthcare profession has the formal education, competence or skills to perform operating theatre nursing care in the theatre during the surgical procedure. Operating theatre nurse competence is therefore indispensable to ensure patient safety during surgery.
A hybrid high‐order formulation for a Neumann problem on polytopal meshes
Authors: Bustinza Rommel , Munguia‐La‐Cotera Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, we study a hybrid high‐order (HHO) method for an elliptic diffusion problem with Neumann boundary condition. The proposed method has several features, such as: (a) the support of arbitrary approximation order polynomial at mesh elements and faces on polytopal meshes, (b) the design of a local (element‐wise) potential reconstruction operator and a local stabilization term, that weakly enforces the matching between local element‐ and face‐based on degrees of freedom, and (c) cheap computational cost, thanks to static condensation and compact stencil. We prove the well‐posedness of our HHO formulation, and obtain the optimal error estimates, according to previous study. Implementation aspects are thoroughly discussed. Finally, some numerical examples are provided, which are in agreement with our theoretical results.
Fertility and obstetrical outcomes after robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Huberlant Stéphanie , Lenot Juliette , Neron Mathias , Ranisavljevic Noémie , Letouzey Vincent , De Tayrac Renaud , Masia Florent , Warembourg Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate fertility after robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) in terms of pregnancy rates, and obstetrical outcomes.PatientsThis is a retrospective cohort of RALM performed for symptomatic leiomyomas among women who want to conceive. Medical data were retrospectively reviewed. An office hysteroscopy was prescribed 3 months after the surgery.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included. The mean number of myomas was 2 ± 1.5 with a mean size of 69 ± 17.7 mm. A breach of the cavity was noticed in 15.1% of the cases. Two cases of intrauterine adhesions were diagnosed and treated during the post‐operative office hysteroscopy (5.7%).Clinical pregnancy rates were 52.8% with a live birth rate of 41.5% in patients desiring pregnancy. A caesarean section was performed in 17 cases (70.8%). No case of uterine rupture was reported.ConclusionMore than half of the patients became pregnant after RALM. A low rate of obstetrical complications was reported, with no uterine ruptures, highlighting the promise of this technique for infertile patients.
Comparison of immunohistochemistry and Ziehl‐Neelsen staining for detecting the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp avium in naturally infected domestic Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)
Authors: Zhu Dekang , Chen Hongxi , Ou Xumin , Liu Mafeng , Wang Mingshu , Zhao Xinxin , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Sun Kunfeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Chen Xiaoyue , Cheng Anchun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to detect the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp avium (MAA) in naturally infected domestic Pekin ducks, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Ziehl‐Neelsen (ZN) staining were used and compared. Six organs, the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, duodenum and pectoralis muscle, were collected from naturally infected Pekin ducks. Paraffin embedded tissues were examined, and the results were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi‐Square test. The results showed that the detection rates by IHC were similar with ZN staining in liver, lung, spleen and pectoralis muscle, but the detection rates by IHC were much higher than ZN staining in kidney and duodenum (p = .013, p = .0044). The liver (87.5%) and lung (81.3%) had the highest detection rates. Acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) were primarily found intracellularly in six organs using ZN staining. Similarly, the MAA antigens in those selected organs were also detected in the cytoplasm with different cell types. Specifically, MAA antigen was distributed in epithelioid macrophages and necrotic centres within the liver, lung, spleen and kidney, while they were observed in macrophages of the lamina propria and duodenal glands and degenerative myocytes in the pectoralis muscle. This comparative study provides an important insight into the distribution of MAA in infected domestic ducks and indicates that the detection rate by IHC was higher than that of ZN staining.
Surgery of the Primary Tumor Offers Survival Benefits of Breast Cancer with Synchronous Ipsilateral Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Chen Qi‐tong , Zeng Li‐yun , Ouyang Deng‐jie , Zhao Piao , Zou Qiong‐yan , Pei Lei , Luo Na , Yi Wen‐jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundControversy exists around the locoregional management of the primary tumor for breast cancer associated with synchronous ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (sISLM) due to the rarity of the disease and limited available data. This study aimed to compare outcomes of patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with sISLM who underwent surgical resection and radiation of the primary tumor with those who did not.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective study included breast cancer patients with sISLM without distant metastases from 2004 to 2016 in the SEER database. In this study, patients had been stratified by operative management, and propensity score matching (PSM) had been successfully applied.ResultsA total of 1172 breast cancer patients with sISLM were included in the study: 863 (73.6%) of patients underwent the primary tumor resection, and 309 (26.4%) patients did not undergo surgery. The median survival time in the surgery group was longer compared to the nonsurgery group in the overall cohort and the PSM cohort. We concluded that the primary tumor resection was associated with improved survival. Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that local surgery was not inferior to radical surgery.ConclusionFor selected breast cancer patients with sISLM, surgery is a promising local intervention which may improve the survival.
The Significance of Histologically “Large Normal” Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Krawitz Russel , Glover Anthony , Koneru Sireesha , Jiang James , Di Marco Aimee , Gill Anthony J. , Aniss Ahmad , Sywak Mark , Delbridge Leigh , Sidhu Stan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated outcomes in a cohort of patients with a biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) undergoing surgery for asymptomatic disease or target organ damage, where a focussed or four‐gland operation was undertaken and the histopathology only reported a “large normal” parathyroid gland (LNP).Methods and materialsPatients subjected to a parathyroidectomy for pHPT between 2012 and 2018 with a pathology of LNP were included. Patients with fat depletion or additional histological features of adenoma or hyperplasia in any of the resected glands were excluded. A control group was formed from 50 consecutive patients with the histological finding of adenoma or hyperplasia during the same study period. The primary outcome was biochemical normalisation of pHPT at 1–2 weeks and after 6 months post‐operatively.ResultsForty‐eight LNP patients (2% of all parathyroidectomies) were included in the study group with 50 matched controls. LNP patients had a lower biochemical cure rate (81% vs. 98% P < 0.05) and a higher risk of recurrence (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.06). LNP patients had a milder form of pHPT (Ca2+ 2.63 vs. 2.68 P < 0.05) with a smaller PTH and Ca2+ drop post‐operatively. For LNP patients with failure, a definite additional cause of pHPT was found in only two patients.ConclusionThis study highlights a controversial area in pHPT and reports LNP as a cause of pHPT. The biochemical analysis of this LNP group supports a benefit in resection in the setting of pHPT, although the risk of failure (persistence/recurrence) is higher than those with adenoma or hyperplasia. Stricter post‐operative follow‐up of LNP patients should be considered.
‘We don’t know for sure’: discussion of uncertainty concerning multigene panel testing during initial cancer genetic consultations
Authors: Medendorp Niki M. , Hillen Marij A. , van Maarschalkerweerd Pomme E. A. , Aalfs Cora M. , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. , Verhoef Senno , van der Kolk Lizet E. , Berger Lieke P. V. , Wevers Marijke R. , Wagner Anja , Caanen Barbara A. H. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Smets Ellen M. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPre-test counseling about multigene panel testing involves many uncertainties. Ideally, counselees are informed about uncertainties in a way that enables them to make an informed decision about panel testing. It is presently unknown whether and how uncertainty is discussed during initial cancer genetic counseling. We therefore investigated whether and how counselors discuss and address uncertainty, and the extent of shared decision-making (SDM), and explored associations between counselors’ communication and their characteristics in consultations on panel testing for cancer. For this purpose, consultations of counselors discussing a multigene panel with a simulated patient were videotaped. Simulated patients represented a counselee who had had multiple cancer types, according to a script. Before and afterwards, counselors completed a survey. Counselors’ uncertainty expressions, initiating and the framing of expressions, and their verbal responses to scripted uncertainties of the simulated patient were coded by two researchers independently. Coding was done according to a pre-developed coding scheme using The Observer XT software for observational analysis. Additionally, the degree of SDM was assessed by two observers. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess associations of communicated uncertainties, responses and the extent of SDM, with counselors’ background characteristics. In total, twenty-nine counselors, including clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, physician assistants-in-training, residents and interns, participated of whom working experience varied between 0 and 25 years. Counselors expressed uncertainties mainly regarding scientific topics (94%) and on their own initiative (95%). Most expressions were framed directly (77%), e.g. We don’t know, and were emotionally neutral (59%; without a positive/negative value). Counselors mainly responded to uncertainties of the simulated patient by explicitly referring to the uncertainty (69%), without providing space for further disclosure (66%). More experienced counselors provided less space to further disclose uncertainty (p < 0.02), and clinical geneticists scored lower on SDM compared with other types of counselors (p < 0.03). Our findings that counselors mainly communicate scientific uncertainties and use space-reducing responses imply that the way counselors address counselees’ personal uncertainties and concerns during initial cancer genetic counseling is suboptimal.
Assessment of bacterial pathogens on edible macroalgae in coastal waters
Authors: Barberi Olivia N. , Byron Carrie J. , Burkholder Kristin M. , St. Gelais Adam T. , Williams Alicia K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the Northeast USA, the aquaculture of macroalgae is a rapidly growing industry. Within this region, there are no established regulations for farm siting or methods of pathogen detection on macroalgae cultivated or harvested for human consumption. Bacterial pathogens from natural and anthropogenic sources may persist in coastal waters and can potentially contaminate macroalgae. During the winter growing season, sugar kelp Saccharina latissima and adjacent water were sampled from three sites of kelp aquaculture located in adjacent bays of ME, USA. Membrane filtration onto selective media detected Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio alginolyticus in kelp and water samples at all sites, however plate counts were very low. The foodborne pathogens Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, V. parahaemolyticus, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 were detected on enriched kelp samples from 83%, 78%, and 56% of sampling events, respectively, using molecular methods. Even with low bacterial levels, this frequency of detection confirms the risk of foodborne pathogens present on kelp and recommends the development of best management practices to control microbial growth during kelp harvest and processing. Bacterial plate counts from kelp samples often varied from those of water, indicating the importance of sampling the kelp directly, and that the association between bacterial pathogens on kelp and in the surrounding water should be further investigated. This study provides the first food safety assessment of sea vegetables in this region with the goal of providing data to enable the expansion of its industry.