bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Fear is Palpable”: Service Providers’ Perceptions of Mandatory Reporting Policies for Sexual Assault in Higher Education
Authors: Holland Kathryn J. , Cipriano Allison E. , Huit T. Zachary 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn many universities/colleges, employees are required to report students’ sexual assault disclosures to university officials, even if the student does not want to make a report. These “mandatory reporting” policies have been shaped by federal mandates and guidelines, including Title IX. There is a notable lack of research on the implementation and effectiveness of these policies. The current study examined formal service providers’ beliefs about university mandatory reporting policies and perceptions of three specific policy approaches (universal mandatory reporting, selective mandatory reporting, and student‐directed mandatory reporting). Focus groups were conducted with 12 service providers and these qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants had strong reservations about mandatory reporting policies, particularly universal approaches that designate all employees as reporters. Although they believed mandatory reporting may have been implemented with good intentions, they discussed how such policies may harm both survivors and employees. Lack of transparency and training in the implementation of mandatory reporting policies can create a climate of fear on campus, where neither survivors nor employees feel comfortable discussing sexual assault. Findings suggest the need for more empirically informed approaches to mandatory reporting of sexual assault in higher education and more comprehensive training for employees and students.
Epigenetics of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jones Luke , McCarthy Peter , Bond Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryComprehensive cataloguing of the acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) genome has revealed a high frequency of mutations and deletions in epigenetic factors that are frequently linked to treatment resistance and poor patient outcome. In this review, we discuss how the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin normal haematopoiesis are subverted in AML, and in particular how these processes are altered in childhood and adolescent leukaemias. We also provide a brief summary of the burgeoning field of epigenetic‐based therapies, and how AML treatment might be improved through provision of better conceptual frameworks for understanding the pleiotropic molecular effects of epigenetic disruption.
Auckland Cataract Study IV: Practical application of NZCRS cataract risk stratification to reduce phacoemulsification complications
Authors: Han Jina V. , Patel Dipika V. , Liu Kevin , Kim Bia Z. , Sherwin Trevor , McGhee Charles N. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceReduction of intraoperative complications in phacoemulsification cataract surgery.BackgroundTo assess practicability of a risk stratification system, the New Zealand Cataract Risk Stratification (NZCRS) system, in a major teaching hospital service, without investigator oversight, to ascertain whether benefits identified in research studies are maintained in busy clinical practice.DesignProspective cohort study in a major public teaching hospital.ParticipantsFive hundred cases of phacoemulsification cataract surgery.MethodsNZCRS system inserted into 621 consecutive preoperative cataract patient files. Recommendation to allocate higher‐risk cases to experienced surgeons.Main Outcome MeasuresNZCRS system uptake and adherence, appropriate identification of high risk cases and intraoperative complication rates.ResultsNZCRS scores calculated in 500 of 621 (80.5%) cases and 98 (19.6%) scored as “high risk.” Cataract surgery (N = 500) performed by: 12 Registrars (20%), 4 Fellows (7.2%), 26 Consultants (72.8%). Risk scores adhered to in 99%. Overall intraoperative complications (3.0%) included iris prolapse 1.6% and posterior capsule tear 0.8%. No statistical difference in complication rates identified between surgeon grades. Mean best‐corrected visual acuity was 6/10 (20/32). Postoperatively, cystoid macular oedema occurred in 3.2%. Rescoring by an experienced investigator noted a greater number of “high risk scores” (31.6% vs 19.6%) related to differences in subjective scoring of anterior chamber depth and cataract density.Conclusions and RelevancePractical uptake of cataract risk stratification was promising in this study with NZCRS calculated in 80.5% with 99% adherence to scoring recommendations. Compared to baseline studies, in the day‐to‐day clinical setting, a continued, decreasing trend in frequency and severity of intraoperative complications was noted. Subjective variability of risk scoring may be further improved by better, objective, standardization.
Skin‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with congenital melanocytic naevi – an analysis of self‐ and parent reports
Authors: Neuhaus K. , Landolt M.A. , Theiler M. , Schiestl C. , Masnari O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) may affect patient quality of life (QoL) due to medical complications (development of malignant melanoma or involvement of the central nervous system), skin‐related discomfort or psychosocial sequelae.ObjectivesTo analyse skin‐related QoL in children and adolescents with CMN and to identify predictors of low QoL.MethodsWorldwide recruitment of participants through patient support groups. Data collection through a Web‐based survey. QoL was assessed using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index© (CDLQI). Demographic and CMN‐related characteristics were examined as possible predictors of impaired QoL.ResultsA total of 135 proxy reports for children affected by CMN aged 4–18 years (M = 9.34 years, SD = 4.16 years) and 28 self‐reports of adolescents aged 14–18 years (M = 16.3 years, SD = 1.2 years) were included. The mean CDLQI score was 4.00 (SD = 4.39) for proxy reports and 6.89 (SD = 5.85) for self‐reports. Most parents (76%) reported ‘no’ or a ‘small’ impact, 19% a ‘moderate’ and 5% a ‘very large’ or ‘extremely large’ impact on their child's QoL. In self‐reports, 46% of the adolescents reported ‘no’ or a ‘small impact’, 43% a ‘moderate’ and 11% a ‘very large’ or ‘extremely large’ impact. Visible CMN location, malignant melanoma and higher child's age were important predictors of QoL impairments.ConclusionsMost CMN have a modest effect on QoL. However, there is large variability with a significant proportion of adolescents experiencing a moderate‐to‐large impact on QoL in contrast to children. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the predictors of QoL in children with CMN.
Why do many consumers prefer to pay now when they could pay later?
Authors: Agrawal Arvind , Gentry James W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPayment timing is conceptualized as a payment characteristic useful in explaining motivations to prefer payment types. Cash, debit cards, and online banking represent consumers' preferences to pay now, while credit cards and loans represent the inclination to pay later. Based on a grounded theory study, a payment‐timing model is developed to theorize consumers' choices of payment types with differences in payment timing. The model presents four motivations for payment‐timing preferences: (1) the extent of rewards salience, (2) the perception of financial stress, (3) adopting heuristics for money management, and (4) the influence of perceived financial ability. Consumers choose payment‐timing options that best suit their financial strategy to manage payments in pursuit of their consumption objectives.
Low rate of new‐onset primary biliary cholangitis in a cohort of anti‐mitochondrial antibody‐positive subjects over six years of follow‐up
Authors: Zandanell S. , Strasser M. , Feldman A. , Tevini J. , Strebinger G. , Niederseer D. , Pohla‐Gubo G. , Huber‐Schönauer U. , Ruhaltinger S. , Paulweber B. , Datz C. , Felder T.K. , Aigner E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAnti‐mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are closely linked to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The prevalence of AMA in the general population is low, and AMA positivity may precede PBC. We aimed to determine the natural history of subjects with positive AMA.MethodsIn total, 302 patients were tested AMA‐positive over a ten‐year period. Of these, immunoblotting confirmed specific AMA in 184 (29 male, 155 female, age 59.6 ± 14.1 years). These subjects were invited to our liver outpatient clinic for clinical and biochemical re‐evaluation. Detailed clinical history data were additionally collected from the hospital computer system and by telephone. The subsequent course with regard to mortality, liver‐related morbidity, extrahepatic co‐morbidities and effectiveness of PBC treatment was determined in 150 subjects (81.5%).ResultsAfter 5.8 ± 5.6 years of follow‐up (FU), of 184 AMA‐positive subjects, 28 subjects (15.2%; liver‐related mortality n = 5) were deceased, and 122 subjects (66.3%) completed FU while 34 subjects (18.5%) were not available for FU. The 122 patients who completed FU were 63 patients with established PBC, six de novo cases of PBC (10.2% of 59 initially at risk), 42 (34.4%) subjects were still AMA‐positive without PBC, and 11 (9.0%) subjects were AMA‐negative at FU.ConclusionsAnti‐mitochondrial antibodies‐positive patients without PBC at baseline infrequently developed PBC over six years of FU. AMA positivity represented a transient serological autoimmune phenomenon in a significant proportion of subjects.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Race and Racism
Authors: Miller Andrea L. , Stern Chadly , Neville Helen A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRacism plays a fundamental role in institutions, intergroup and interpersonal relations, and intrapersonal life. Although some areas of research in psychology have made progress toward addressing issues of race and racism, the discipline continues to grapple with questions of racial inequality. Given the persistence of racism, it seems as important as ever that researchers in psychology direct our efforts toward understanding the role of race in everyday life and reducing the impact of racism in society. This special issue brings together cutting‐edge psychological scholarship on race and racism. Collectively, these articles contribute new substantive knowledge about the nature of race and racism and their psychological consequences for individuals and society, provide recommendations for law and policy that draw on this substantive knowledge, and offer new insights into best practices in psychological science and education. In this introductory article, we outline the background and origins of this special issue and provide a summary of the articles in it.
A Motivated Defense of Meat: Biased Perceptions of Meat's Environmental Impact
Authors: Ginn Joel , Lickel Brian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReducing meat consumption is a highly effective strategy for living sustainably, yet many consumers do not recognize the effectiveness of this strategy. While this may be due in part to a gap in awareness, consumers may be motivated to see changing meat consumption as a relatively ineffective strategy compared to other, more direct strategies. In two studies, participants who were weakly identified as “meat‐eaters” and who were more concerned about the environment were more willing to reduce their meat consumption. However, perceived effectiveness of meat reduction as a mitigation strategy mediated this relationship, suggesting that internal motivations may drive perceptions of effectiveness. Participants in a community sample also reacted negatively to a message about meat's effectiveness, though this reaction was mitigated by environmental concern.
The Impact of Organizational Supports on the Person‐Centered Health of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli , Rizzolo Mary C. , Spassiani Natasha A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeople with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have significantly poorer health than the general population. A key threat to health programs for people with IDD is commitment from stakeholders, especially service organizations. The aim of this study was to explore the role disability service organizations play in promoting the best possible physical and mental health of people with IDD. To do so, this study analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures® data from 1,341 people with IDD in the United States using binary logistic regressions. Our findings revealed that organizational supports can play a key role in promoting the health of people with IDD. By paying attention to all of these aspects of health and supports, especially discrepancies in supports, service organizations can work to counteract health disparities in those they support.
Characteristics of declining dissolved oxygen concentrations in Lakes Kasumigaura and Kitaura, two shallow polymictic eutrophic lakes in Japan
Authors: Fukushima Takehiko , Kitamura Tatsumi , Komuro Syunsuke , Nakagawa Keita , Nagahama Yumi , Matsumoto Syunichi , Matsushita Bunkei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the patterns and characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO) decline near bottom in shallow polymictic eutrophic lakes, we conducted a statistical analysis of monthly measurements for 12 years at 14 stations and hourly observation for 8 years at two stations in Lakes Kasumigaura and Kitaura. Results indicated that DO decline (hereafter, <2 mg/L) was negligible at stations with a depth of <5 m. Thus, we consider this depth to be critical depth for studying DO decline conditions in these lakes. The collected data revealed that DO decline events lasting more than 2 days occurred a few times a year. During these events, wind blew weakly (usually, <2 m/s), and diurnal stratification was formed by solar radiation. The averaged DO declining rate leading up to these events was 4.3 (±2.7) mg L−1 d−1, suggesting that within a few days, DO can fall into a declined state. The occurrence probability of DO declined events in the respective summer increased significantly with the proportion of weak wind hours (<2 m/s). Significant correlations between wind velocity and DO change rate (1 hr difference in DO) supported the importance of wind on DO changes in polymictic lakes. The influence of mean air temperature on DO decline events was insignificant.
Evaluation of the public health risk for autochthonous transmission of mosquito‐borne viruses in southern Switzerland
Authors: Ravasi D. , Parrondo Monton D. , Guidi V. , Flacio E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpidemics of mosquito‐borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue fever are becoming more frequent around the world. In Switzerland, autochthonous cases have not been reported so far, although the presence of the vector Aedes albopictus in urban areas of southern Switzerland increases the risk of indigenous transmissions subsequent to imported cases. In 2018, the potential risk of an outbreak of arboviral diseases was assessed in five municipalities of southern Switzerland. The population abundance of Ae. albopictus was evaluated during the mosquito active season by the mean number of Ae. albopictus bites per day per person (estimated using the human landing collection method) and the risk of outbreak in the case of the introduction of chikungunya, dengue or Zika viruses was estimated. In the five localities investigated, no epidemic risk appeared to be present for any of the arboviruses taken into consideration in the initial months (i.e. mid‐May to end of July) of Ae. albopictus activity. In the case of the introduction of chikungunya (mutated or not), dengue (serotype 1) or Zika (African lineage) viruses during mid‐end August, an epidemic could have occurred in all the municipalities investigated. In mid‐end September, the introduction of same arboviruses could have led to an epidemic in three of the five municipalities investigated.
Cloning of four HSPA multigene family members in Haemaphysalis flava ticks
Authors: Liu L. , He X.‐M. , Feng L.‐L. , Duan D.‐Y. , Zhan Y. , Cheng T.‐Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe heat shock protein 70 (HSPA) family and their genes have been studied in ticks and are considered as possible antigen candidates for the development of anti‐tick vaccines. However, knowledge about their members, structure and function in ticks is incomplete. Based on our transcriptomic data, the full length of four HSPA genes in Haemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodidae) was cloned via rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The open reading frame of HSPA2A, HSPA2B, HSPA5 and HSPA9 was 1920, 1911, 1983 and 2088 bp in length, respectively. Three family signatures and one localization motif were in the encoding proteins. HSPA2A and HSPA2B were predicted to be located at cytoplasm/nucleus, whereas HSPA5 and HSPA9 were at endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, respectively. In silico simulation demonstrated that those proteins had distinct numbers of α‐helixes, extended strands and coils, and different antigenic epitopes. Expression of HSPA5 and HSPA9 in the salivary gland was significantly higher in partially‐engorged female adult ticks than the fully‐engorged (P < 0.01) as shown by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our data indicated that H. flava ticks had at least four HSPA genes encoding proteins with different cellular locations, structures and expression profiles, suggesting their diverse roles in tick biology.
Understanding fall risk factors in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Carrasco Cristina , Tomas‐Carus Pablo , Bravo Jorge , Pereira Catarina , Mendes Felismina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim and objectiveAgeing is associated with an increased risk of falling. Identification of risk factors is crucial for the prevention of falls in older people.MethodsA total of 508 older adults enrolled in a cross‐sectional study. For the assessment of risk factors, the research team collected basic data and health‐related information and performed morphofunctional evaluations (strength and flexibility of lower body and dynamic balance).ResultsA significantly greater proportion of women experienced fall episodes within the past year. Additionally, certain chronic diseases were significantly more prevalent in the fall subgroup compared to the non‐fall subgroup. The non‐fall subgroup showed significantly better scores of lower body strength and dynamic balance than the fall subgroup.ConclusionMultivariable regression analysis revealed that gender and lower body strength seem to be the main risk factors for fall event (s) within the past year in community‐dwelling older adults from the Portuguese region of Alentejo.Implications for practiceDifferences in fall risk factors due to gender, ethnicity and geography must be taken into account in clinical practice. Nurses must identify the environmental, social and individual risks that constitute health threats and trigger protective intervention programs. Nursing care for older people must also meet needs related to physical activity (e.g., strength‐training exercise), since lower body weakness is strongly associated with falls.
Species delimitation and evolutionary relationships among Phoebis New World sulphur butterflies (Lepidoptera, Pieridae, Coliadinae)
Authors: Núñez Rayner , Genaro Julio A. , Pérez‐Asso Antonio , Murillo‐Ramos Leidys , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Wahlberg Niklas , Hausmann Axel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe most accepted taxonomic treatment of the New World sulphurs of the genus Phoebis Hübner, [1819] recognizes 16 species including those in the current synonyms Aphrissa and Rhabdodryas. This total conflicts with the results of several recent pierid DNA barcode studies across the Neotropics. We used a five‐locus dataset to carry out species delimitation analyses using the coalescence‐based method implemented in bpp software. After testing the resulting species hypotheses using marginal likelihood estimates, we inferred their phylogenetic relationships and performed an ancestral range reconstruction with biogeobears. Our analyses recovered two different hypotheses, 26 and 24 species, that scored the highest marginal likelihood estimate. Differences between these two hypotheses, when reconciled with barcode clusters and morphology, indicated that 24 is the most likely number of species. Phoebis neocypris stat. rev., Phoebis rurina stat. rev., Phoebis virgo stat. rev., Phoebis marcellina stat. rev., Phoebis thalestris stat. rev., and Phoebis rorata stat. rev. are raised to the species rank. We dated the crown age of Phoebis to the mid‐Miocene, with the islands of the Greater Antilles as the most probable ancestral range. Three main clades of Phoebis diverged early in the evolutionary history of the genus, but most extant species‐level diversity arose after the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. Our analyses recovered alternate range expansions and contractions, and dispersal from the islands to the continent and back, in the three main clades. Both sympatric and allopatric speciation seem to have shaped the current species richness.
Predictive mapping with small field sample data using semi‐supervised machine learning
Authors: Du Fei , Zhu A‐Xing , Liu Jing , Yang Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExisting predictive mapping methods usually require a large number of field samples with good representativeness as input to build reliable predictive models. In mapping practice, however, we often face situations when only small sample data are available. In this article, we present a semi‐supervised machine learning approach for predictive mapping in which the natural aggregation (clustering) patterns of environmental covariate data are used to supplement limited samples in prediction. This approach was applied to two soil mapping case studies. Compared with field sample only approaches (decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines), maps using the proposed approach can better capture the spatial variation of soil types and achieve higher accuracy with limited samples. A cross validation shows further that the proposed approach is less sensitive to the specific field sample set used and thus more robust when field sample data are small.
Stability of extemporaneous sulfadiazine oral suspensions from commercially available tablets for treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis
Authors: Soares Rodrigues Costa Brunna , Pontes do Nascimento Leandro , Vítor de Paiva Amorim Marcelo , Barreto Gomes Ana Paula , Mafra Veríssimo Lourena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the physicochemical and microbiological stability of sulfadiazine suspensions (100 mg/mL) in simple syrup (A) and sorbitol (B) formulations prepared from commercially available tablets.MethodsAn ultra‐performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed and validated to determine the chemical stability of sulfadiazine. Three samples were prepared and stored at 5 and 25 °C and assayed at 0, 7, 14 and 30 days. Physical parameters (appearance, pH, particle size and viscosity) were also monitored. Microbiological examination was performed through the suitable counting method.ResultsThe formulations presented a sulfadiazine concentration of around 95% at the beginning at both temperatures. There was some variation in pH, viscosity and particle size distribution over time. The samples met the pharmacopoeia criteria of microbiological quality over 30 days, but only sulfadiazine formulated in syrup stored at 25 °C was suitable for use after one week.ConclusionThe sulfadiazine suspension in simple syrup was chosen as the most suitable formulation because it demonstrated stability for 14 days at room temperature, providing an alternative liquid dosage form of sulfadiazine for congenital toxoplasmosis treatment.