bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on structural compatibility of eco‐porous concrete and vegetation
Authors: Zhang G. , Yin J. , Li S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo investigate the structural compatibility of eco‐porous concrete (EPC) and vegetation, a simulation method (sand penetration coefficient) of structure compatibility between the eco‐porous concrete (EPC) and vegetation was put forward. Furthermore, the relation between sand penetration coefficient and pore characteristics were analyzed, and the technology of acquiring equivalent pore size was optimized. The results present that the new simulation method, characterized by sand penetration coefficient, can effectively assess the ability of eco‐porous concrete (EPC) to allow the root system to pass through. In addition, the real pore structure shape by “rubbing technology” can be easily and quickly obtained.
Ganglion Cell Complex Thinning in Young Gaucher Patients: Relation to Prodromal Parkinsonian Markers
Authors: Tantawy Azza Abdel Gawad , Adly Amira Abdel Moneam , Hashem Noureldin Hussein , Ebeid Weam Mohamed , Abdeen Mai Seifeldin , Salah Nouran Yousef 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with Gaucher disease (GD) have an increased risk for parkinsonism. Retinal thinning has been described in parkinsonism as an early nonmotor feature. Scarce reports have addressed retinal thickness changes in GD.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to compare ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with GD with healthy control subjects, and to correlate it with the presence of parkinsonian features (PFs), clinical prodromal markers of parkinsonism, severity score index (SSI), and glucosylsphingosine (Lyso‐GL‐1).MethodsThis study included 48 AYAs with GD (11–29 years), 11 with manifest PFs (Group 1) and 37 with no PFs (Group 2), and 48 matched healthy control subjects (Group 3). Age of GD onset, disease duration, medication history, history of constipation, SSI, and hematological assessment were done. Neurocognitive evaluation included Parts I, II, and III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Wechsler Adult and Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) scale, Munich Parasomnia Screening scale, and the olfactory dysfunction scale. Molecular analyses of the acid GBA gene and Lyso‐GL‐1 were done. Participants underwent full ophthalmological examination and optical coherence tomography with GCC thickness measurement.ResultsGCC was significantly thinner in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found between Groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.977). In addition, a significant interocular GCC thickness difference was found among the studied AYAs with GD (P = 0.007). GCC correlated positively with total intelligence quotient (P < 0.001) and negatively with Lyso‐GL‐1 (P = 0.019), UPDRS (P = 0.004), and BDI (P = 0.029), but not with SSI (P = 0.874), GD type (P = 0.85), or genotype (P = 0.842). A significant negative relationship was found between GCC thickness and PFs (P = 0.001), parasomnia (P = 0.003), constipation (P = 0.031), RBD (P = 0.044), and hyposmia (P = 0.033).ConclusionsGCC thinning may be a promising biomarker for central nervous system neurodegeneration that has the potential to monitor early PFs among people with GD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Autism classified by magnetic resonance imaging: A pilot study of a potential diagnostic tool
Authors: Sarovic Darko , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Schneiderman Justin , Lundström Sebastian , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesIndividual anatomical biomarkers have limited power for the classification of autism. The present study introduces a multivariate classification approach using structural magnetic resonance imaging data from individuals with and without autism.MethodsThe classifier utilizes z‐normalization, parameter weighting, and interindividual comparison on brain segmentation data, for estimation of an individual summed total index (TI). The TI indicates whether the gross morphological pattern of each individual's brain is in the direction of cases or controls.ResultsMorphometric analysis found significant differences within subcortical gray matter structures and limbic areas. There was no significant difference in total brain volume. A case‐control pilot‐study of TIs in normally intelligent individuals with autism (24) and without (21) yielded a maximal accuracy of 78.9% following cross‐validation. It showed a high accuracy compared with machine learning methods when tested on the same dataset. The TI correlated well with the autism quotient (R = 0.51) across groups.ConclusionThese results are on par with studies on autism using machine learning. The main contributions are its transparency and simplicity. The possibility of including additional neuroimaging data further increases the potential of the classifier as a diagnostic aid for neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as a research tool for neuroscientific investigations.
Acute chest syndrome in the setting of SARS‐COV‐2 infections—A case series at an urban medical center in the Bronx
Authors: Morrone Kerry A. , Strumph Kaitlin , Liszewski Mark C. , Jackson Jenai , Rinke Michael L. , Silver Ellen J. , Minniti Caterina , Davila Jennifer , Mitchell William B. , Manwani Deepa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew York City has emerged as one of the epicenters of the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic, with the Bronx being disproportionately affected. This novel coronavirus has caused significant respiratory manifestations raising the concern for development of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We report a series of pediatric SCD SARS‐COV‐2‐positive patients admitted with ACS. SARS‐COV‐2‐positive SCD patients, who did not develop ACS, were the comparison group. Hydroxyurea use (P‐value = .02) and lower absolute monocyte counts (P‐value = .04) were noted in patients who did not develop ACS. These preliminary findings need to be further evaluated in larger cohorts.
Peptides as key components in the design ofnon‐viralvectors for gene delivery
Authors: Thomas Joseph , Punia Kamia , Montclare Jin Kim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuccessful clinical implementation of gene delivery relies on the use of viral or non‐viral based vectors to package and protect the therapeutic nucleic acid. These vehicles must also be able to direct the fate of the cargo once it has entered the cell to ensure that the nucleic acid is functional, and the desired outcome is achieved. Compared to viral vectors, non‐viral vectors have the advantage of incorporating different material types such as lipids, polymers, and peptides to tune overall safety and efficacy. Peptides are especially powerful when used in gene delivery vectors as they are able to increase gene delivery efficacy by introducing new biochemical functionality. This review will discuss the use of peptides as central design components in non‐viral gene delivery vectors. The contribution of the peptide component to the overall functionality of the delivery vehicle will be highlighted, with a focus on peptides as the only vehicle component or peptides in complex assemblies with lipids or polymers.
Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Kirs Ashleigh , Ambroz Filip , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Parkin Ivan P. , Shapter Joseph G. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Macdonald Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high‐power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long‐term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting‐edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
Volume‐related quantification of organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity of macropore surfaces in Bt horizons
Authors: Leue Martin , Uteau Daniel , Peth Stephan , Beck‐Broichsitter Steffen , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn structured soils, earthworm burrows, root channels, shrinkage cracks, and interaggregate spaces form complex macropore networks relevant for preferential transport, turnover processes, and root growth. Macropore walls are often coated with organomineral material, which determine physicochemical properties such as wettability, sorption, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC). The objective here was to identify volume‐averaged mean macropore coating properties of larger intact soil cores (∼7,500 cm3) from Bt horizons of Luvisols developed from loess and glacial till. The quantification of organic C (OC) content and CEC of macropore surfaces was based on three‐dimensional images of X‐ray computed tomography (XRCT) of 231‐μm voxel resolution and a vesselness procedure to distinguish between biopores and cracks. Macropore surface areas were combined with millimeter‐scaled data of OC contents and CEC of macropore coating material. The surface of macropores that accounted for 5.6 % (loess‐Bt) and 4.6 % (till‐Bt) of the samples’ volumes represented approximately one‐third of the OC content and CEC of the bulk soil. Among the macropores, surfaces of larger biopores contributed most to OC content of the soil cores. The contribution of coated cracks and pinhole fillings to OC content was larger for the till‐Bt than for the loess‐Bt. Locally higher OC contents and CEC values emphasize the role of macropore surfaces in Bt horizons of Luvisols as geochemical hotspots and for mass exchange, especially during preferential flow and transport. Volume‐based coating properties may help improving macroscopic‐scale two‐domain flow and transport models.
One locus with two roles: microRNA‐independent functions of microRNA‐host‐gene locus‐encoded long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Sun Qinyu , Song You Jin , Prasanth Kannanganattu V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins. LncRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in several biological processes via diverse mechanisms and their aberrant expression is associated with various diseases. LncRNA genes are further subcategorized based on their relative organization in the genome. MicroRNA (miRNA)‐host‐gene‐derived lncRNAs (lnc‐MIRHGs) refer to lncRNAs whose genes also harbor miRNAs. There exists crosstalk between the processing of lnc‐MIRHGs and the biogenesis of the encoded miRNAs. Although the functions of the encoded miRNAs are usually well understood, whether those lnc‐MIRHGs play independent functions are not fully elucidated. Here, we review our current understanding of lnc‐MIRHGs, including their biogenesis, function, and mechanism of action, with a focus on discussing the miRNA‐independent functions of lnc‐MIRHGs, including their involvement in cancer. Our current understanding of lnc‐MIRHGs strongly indicates that this class of lncRNAs could play important roles in basic cellular events as well as in diseases.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Monopole and instanton effects in QCD
Authors: Hasegawa Masayasu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We aim to show the effects of the magnetic monopoles and instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) on observables; therefore, we introduce a monopole and anti-monopole pair in the QCD vacuum of a quenched SU(3) by applying the monopole creation operator to the vacuum. We calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator that preserves the exact chiral symmetry in lattice gauge theory using these QCD vacua. We then investigate the effects of magnetic monopoles and instantons. First, we confirm the monopole effects as follows: (i) the monopole creation operator makes the monopoles and anti-monopoles in the QCD vacuum. (ii) A monopole and anti-monopole pair creates an instanton or anti-instanton without changing the structure of the QCD vacuum. (iii) The monopole and anti-monopole pairs change only the scale of the spectrum distribution without affecting the spectra of the Dirac operator by comparing the spectra with random matrix theory. Next, we find the instanton effects by increasing the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons as follows: (iv) the decay constants of the pseudoscalar increase. (v) The values of the chiral condensate, which are defined as negative numbers, decrease. (vi) The light quarks and the pseudoscalar mesons become heavy. The catalytic effect on the charged pion is estimated using the numerical results of the pion decay constant and the pion mass. (vii) The decay width of the charged pion becomes wider than the experimental result, and the lifetime of the charged pion becomes shorter than the experimental result. These are the effects of the monopoles and instantons in QCD.
Geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede bei der endovaskulären Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit – Eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Behrendt C.-A. , Rother U. , Rümenapf G. , Uhl C. , Böckler D. , Görtz H. , Heidemann F. ,   Kommission PAVK und Diabetisches Fußsyndrom der DGG e. V.
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEs gibt Hinweise auf geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede bei der Entwicklung, Diagnostik und Behandlung der symptomatischen peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK). Obwohl Frauen in der Literatur etwa 50 % der behandelten Kohorten ausmachen, ist deren Anteil in kontrollierten randomisierten Studien zur PAVK gering. Leitlinien enthalten bisher kaum geschlechtersensitive Empfehlungen, und die Ergebnisse retrospektiver Beobachtungsstudien widersprechen sich. Diese systematische Literaturrecherche soll verfügbare Beobachtungsstudien zu Geschlechterunterschieden bei der endovaskulären Behandlung der symptomatischen PAVK identifizieren.Material und MethodenEs wurde eine systematische Literaturanalyse auf der Basis einer PubMed-Recherche mit dem Schwerpunkt auf retrospektive Beobachtungsstudien zum Vergleich der Behandlungsergebnisse zwischen Männern und Frauen durchgeführt.ErgebnisseInsgesamt konnten 37 Publikationen identifiziert werden, die eine Kohorte von 5.489.558 Patientinnen und Patienten (40,3 % Frauen) beschreiben. Fünf Studien nutzten Propensity Score Matching zur Kontrolle von Störfaktoren. In 23 Studien wurden Behandlungsergebnisse nach der Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts bzw. nach 30 Tagen berichtet. Während 10 Studien einen Behandlungsnachteil bei Frauen identifizieren konnten, berichteten 6 Studien über einen Behandlungsnachteil bei Männern. Die weiteren 21 Studien konnten keine eindeutigen Unterschiede zeigen.SchlussfolgerungenDie verfügbare Real-World-Evidenz lässt aufgrund der methodischen Limitationen der eingeschlossenen Studien und deren unzureichender Vergleichbarkeit keine eindeutige Aussage zu geschlechterspezifischen Unterschieden bei der endovaskulären Behandlung der PAVK zu.
A Lagrange multiplier method for semilinear elliptic state constrained optimal control problems
Authors: Karl Veronika , Neitzel Ira , Wachsmuth Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper we apply an augmented Lagrange method to a class of semilinear elliptic optimal control problems with pointwise state constraints. We show strong convergence of subsequences of the primal variables to a local solution of the original problem as well as weak convergence of the adjoint states and weak-* convergence of the multipliers associated to the state constraint. Moreover, we show existence of stationary points in arbitrary small neighborhoods of local solutions of the original problem. Additionally, various numerical results are presented.
Fermi’s Golden Rule and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Authors: Braak D. , Mannhart J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a Gedankenexperiment that leads to a violation of detailed balance if quantum mechanical transition probabilities are treated in the usual way by applying Fermi’s “golden rule”. This Gedankenexperiment introduces a collection of two-level systems that absorb and emit radiation randomly through non-reciprocal coupling to a waveguide, as realized in specific chiral quantum optical systems. The non-reciprocal coupling is modeled by a hermitean Hamiltonian and is compatible with the time-reversal invariance of unitary quantum dynamics. Surprisingly, the combination of non-reciprocity with probabilistic radiation processes entails negative entropy production. Although the considered system appears to fulfill all conditions for Markovian stochastic dynamics, such a dynamics violates the Clausius inequality, a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Several implications concerning the interpretation of the quantum mechanical formalism are discussed.
The vibro-impact capsule system in millimetre scale: numerical optimisation and experimental verification
Authors: Liu Yang , Páez Chávez Joseph , Zhang Jiajia , Tian Jiyuan , Guo Bingyong , Prasad Shyam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe vibro-impact capsule system has been studied extensively in the past decade because of its research challenges as a piecewise-smooth dynamical system and broad applications in engineering and healthcare technologies. This paper reports our team’s first attempt to scale down the prototype of the vibro-impact capsule to millimetre size, which is 26 mm in length and 11 mm in diameter, aiming for small-bowel endoscopy. Firstly, an existing mathematical model of the prototype and its mathematical formulation as a piecewise-smooth dynamical system are reviewed in order to carry out numerical optimisation for the prototype by means of path-following techniques. Our numerical analysis shows that the prototype can achieve a high progression speed up to 14.4 mm/s while avoiding the collision between the inner mass and the capsule which could lead to less propulsive force on the capsule so causing less discomfort on the patient. Secondly, the experimental rig and procedure for testing the prototype are introduced, and some preliminary experimental results are presented. Finally, experimental results are compared with the numerical results to validate the optimisation as well as the feasibility of the vibro-impact technique for the potential of a controllable endoscopic procedure.
Ovarian transposition
Authors: Reiser Elisabeth , Böttcher Bettina , Minasch Danijela , Mangesius Julian , Toth Bettina 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCytotoxic chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy can lead to acute ovarian failure, premature ovarian insufficiency and menopause. Fertility preservation options before radiotherapy include ovarian transposition, where one or both ovaries are placed outside the radiation field. However, the efficacy of ovarian transposition is questioned, as the conservation of ovarian function varies between 17 and 95% in the literature.
Assessing Inner Ear Volumetric Measurements by Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Imaging of High-Resolution Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Hiller Jan , Nour-Eldin Nour-Eldin Abdelrehim , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Burck Iris , Harth Marc , Stöver Timo , Vogl Thomas , Naguib Nagy Naguib Naeem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to obtain volumetric data of the components of the inner ear using three-dimensional reconstruction of high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Two hundred three CBCT image series of the temporal bone from 118 anatomically normal patients (55 women and 63 men; mean age: 49.4 ± 20.4 years) with different suspected disorders were included in this study. Normative volumetric measurements of the inner ear, the cochlea, the semicircular canals (SSC), and the vestibule were determined using a semi-automated reconstruction method of the Workstation. Volumetric measurements were successfully completed in all 118 patients. Mean inner ear, cochlear, and vestibule volumes were statistically significantly larger in males than in females on both sides (p < 0.001). Regarding the semicircular canals, no statistically significant (p = 0.053) volume difference was found. The difference between the volumes on both sides was not significant. No correlation between the patient’s age and the volume of the compartments was seen (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between mean bony inner ear volumes when the clinical diagnoses were compared (p > 0.05 for all clinical diagnoses and volumes). Our study concluded that three-dimensional reconstruction and assessment of the volumetric measurements of the inner ear can be obtained using high-resolution CBCT imaging.
Where is the Love in Environmental Education Research? A Diffractive Analysis of Steiner, Ecosomaesthetics and Biophilia
Authors: Blom Simone M. , Aguayo Claudio , Carapeto Teresa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn environmental education research (EER), love is revered as a way to heal or mend the human relationship with nature. However, this interpretation of love rests in a humanist paradigm that considers nonhuman nature as external to the human being. To this end, love has generally been considered as an outward emotion,towards nature,and is less considered an inner movement,towards the human as nature. We were interested in exploring this conceptualisation of nature and love of/as nature and question: Is there potential to locate the concept of love in EER through different theoretical positions to explore the possibilities for its (re)conceptualisation? We aim to stretch academic thinking to (re)consider love through identifying where our own research in environmental education has involved love through the intersection of our journeys at the Australian Association of Environmental Education Research Symposium workshop. In response to the context of this workshop, which explored the concept of diffraction as described by Barad, we have chosen to adopt a diffractive analysis as the methodology to analyse our theoretical perspectives of love in EER. We explore the wordlovein this article using diffraction to understand the relationality of human and nonhuman nature through our research interests in Steiner, ecosomaesthetics and biophilia. This process cracked our theoretical silos to more openly consider: Where is the love in EER?