bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undue Burden Beyond Texas: An Analysis of Abortion Clinic Closures, Births, and Abortions in Wisconsin
Authors: Venator Joanna , Fletcher Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate the impacts of abortion clinic closures on access to clinics in terms of distance and congestion, abortion rates, and birth rates. Between 2010 and 2017, Wisconsin passed three laws regulating abortion providers and two of five abortion clinics closed in Wisconsin, increasing the distance to the nearest clinic to 55 miles on average and to over 100 miles in the most affected counties. We use a difference‐in‐differences design to estimate the effect of changes in travel distance on births and abortions, using within‐county variation across time in distance to identify the effect. We find that a 100‐mile increase in distance to the nearest clinic is associated with 30.7 percent fewer abortions and 3.2 percent more births. We see no significant effect of increased congestion at remaining clinics on abortion rates. Interacting the legislative changes with distance, we find that the effects of distance on abortion are approximately 1.33 time stronger in the presence of laws requiring multiple physician visits to obtain an abortion. Our results suggest that even small numbers of clinic closures can result in significant restrictions to abortion access of similar magnitude to those seen in Texas where a greater number of clinics ceased operations.
Decreasing paint cost for sheet molding compound (SMC) compression molding
Authors: Cai Kaiyu , Bhuyan Mohammad S. K. , Zhang Dan , Villarreal Maria G. , Straus Elliott J. , Lee L. James , Castro Jose M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFinishing, in most cases, is the most expensive step for manufacturing plastic parts in automotive and truck industry; being electrostatic painting is the desired approach for improved quality. For plastic parts to be painted electrostatically, a conductive primer needs to be applied first. In the case of SMC compression molded parts, in‐mold coating (IMC) is the primer material of choice, as it also serves to fill the surface porosity typical in SMC parts. To make the IMC conductive, the current approach is to add carbon black (CB), which results in a black colored primer. In this research, single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was evaluated, as an alternative to CB, to develop a clearer version of conductive IMC. The effect of SWCNTs on both degree of lightness and electrical conductivity was experimentally evaluated. The results indicate that a clearer and slightly more conductive coating than standard IMC can be obtained by adding 0.15 wt% SWCNTs into the base IMC resin, which results in approximately 12.5% paint saving compared to standard IMC. The processability of the modified coating was shown to be only slightly less favorable than standard coating.
Effect of pH and zeta potential of Pickering stabilizing magnetite nanoparticles on the features of magnetized polystyrene microspheres
Authors: Abd El‐Mageed Ahmed I. A. , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Mohamed Lamiaa A. , Essawy Hisham A. , Taha Fouad , Dyab Amro K. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStyrene as a monomer was emulsified in water using several magnetite nanoparticles concentration and pH values. Emulsified styrene drops were used as templates for polymerization, in presence of water soluble free radical initiator, and formation of composite particles. Styrene template drops stabilization was verified by light as well as scanning electron microscopy imaging, which ensured the participation of the particles in building up a mechanical barrier to stop oil drops coalescence. Furthermore, the produced polystyrene composites were strongly attracted to an external magnet. The difference in particles size as a function of pH was elucidated using zeta potential measurements, which indicated dominance of pH on the hydrophilicity of the particles and consequently the extent of emulsification, which in turn affected the size of the obtained microspheres. Under some circumstances, capsules were formed instead of particles. Thereby, it can be concluded that the magnetic microspheres are optimally formed at pH 2.3 independently of the magnetite content used.
Synthesis methods of organic two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Taisheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong various two‐dimensional (2D) materials, organic 2D polymers have attracted much attention, owing to their specific properties, such as lightweight, good flexibility, adjustable structure, and high adaptability. In recent years, more and more scientists have devoted to the research on their structural design, synthesis, characterization, and potential properties. However, in contrast to traditional one‐dimensional (1D) and three‐dimensional (3D) network macromolecules, the synthesis of 2D structures presents a challenge to polymer chemists, because polymerization usually takes place in a spatially random manner in solution‐phase synthesis. In this review, we will focus on the synthesis methods of organic 2D materials, which have played a pivotal role since the beginning of the development of this field. We will highlight the representative examples according to the different types of polymers, including supramolecular organic 2D layers and covalent organic 2D polymers, and identify possible future research directions.
Intergenerational solidarity, proximity to parents when moving to independence, and returns to the parental home
Authors: Gillespie Brian Joseph , Lei Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on leaving home among young adults has mainly focused on the timing of departures rather than the distance that young adults move when they leave the parental home and establish independent households. We draw on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Transition to Adulthood Supplement (TAS) (2005–2015) and the Geospatial Match Files to examine the relationship between intergenerational solidarity and the distance of young adults' first independent household. We also examine whether intergenerational proximity is associated with the likelihood of returning home. The results indicate that young adults from high SES families tend to move farther, while those who have children and a close relationship with their mothers tend to stay nearby. Living far from the parental home deters home returning only for young adults who do not have a close relationship with their mothers.
The future growth and spatial shift of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, 2016–2051
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Wilson Tom , Temple Jeromey , Kelaher Margaret , Eades Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population more than doubled in size between 1996 and 2016. Growth was highest in urban areas and lower in rural and remote areas. An important contributor to growth was identification change, whereby individuals report their Aboriginal status differently over time. Official population projections in Australia currently do not incorporate this phenomenon, leading to underestimation of future populations which affects policies, targets and planning for demand‐based services. We outline a new projection model to improve subnational estimates of future regional population growth by endogenizing identification change and Aboriginal/non‐Aboriginal childbearing. Results suggest that growth will be higher than currently projected, especially in urban‐dominated regions in New South Wales and Queensland where identification change is projected to account for more than 50% of growth. There will also be considerable population ageing, which has implications for services and policies relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Ag2S‐CdS p‐n Nanojunction‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes
Authors: Dong Yueyue , Su Yanling , Hu Yanfang , Li Haixia , Xie Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes under mild conditions is important for the synthesis of high‐value‐added organic intermediates but still very challenging. For most of the thermal and photocatalytic systems, noble metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions are required. Herein, the synthesis and use of Ag2S‐CdS p‐n nanojunctions as an efficient photocatalyst for selective oxidation of a series of aromatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes is reported. High quantum efficiencies (59.6% and 36.9% under 380 and 420 nm, respectively) are achieved in air atmosphere at room temperature. Photoluminescence and photo‐electrochemical tests show that the excellent performance is mainly due to the p‐n junction‐enhanced charge separation and transfer for the activation of both O2 (in air) and substrates. This study demonstrates the potential of p‐n junction in photocatalytic synthesis under mild conditions.
Understanding the Memory Window Overestimation of 2D Materials Based Floating Gate Type Memory Devices by Measuring Floating Gate Voltage
Authors: Sasaki Taro , Ueno Keiji , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Nishimura Tomonori , Nagashio Kosuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe memory window of floating gate (FG) type non‐volatile memory (NVM) devices is a fundamental figure of merit used not only to evaluate the performance, such as retention and endurance, but also to discuss the feasibility of advanced functional memory devices. However, the memory window of 2D materials based NVM devices is historically determined from round sweep transfer curves, while that of conventional Si NVM devices is determined from high and low threshold voltages (Vths), which are measured by single sweep transfer curves. Here, it is elucidated that the memory window of 2D NVM devices determined from round sweep transfer curves is overestimated compared with that determined from single sweep transfer curves. The floating gate voltage measurement proposed in this study clarifies that the Vths in round sweep are controlled not only by the number of charges stored in floating gate but also by capacitive coupling between floating gate and back gate. The present finding on the overestimation of memory window enables to appropriately evaluate the potential of 2D NVM devices.
Thin‐film solid‐phase microextraction of fluoxetine using a novel sorbent prepared by direct decoration of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks on the surface of polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Aghakhani Ali , Ghanbari Ali , Asl Ali Haghighi , Khanlarkhani Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, the decoration of nanostructured sorbent on polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers, as a novel modification method was used for fabricating sportive thin films. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks were directly grown on the surface of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and for the first time applied for thin‐film solid‐phase microextraction of fluoxetine. The extraction efficiency of the novel thin film was compared with that of electrospun nanofibers modified with a common method of doping nanoparticles into nanofibers. The decorated nanofibers revealed 30 times higher surface area and four times higher extraction efficiency than doped nanofibers for the extraction of fluoxetine. The effective parameters on the efficiency of fluoxetine extraction and desorption were optimized using one factor‐at‐a‐time method. Under the optimum condition, limits of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of the developed method was 2–2500 ng/mL (R2 = 0.997). The relative standard deviation of the method was <14.2%. The absolute recovery was 45%, while the relative recoveries were 77.3–97.5%. The developed method was an easy, simple, and sensitive method for the determination of fluoxetine in the environmental and biological samples.
Characterization of coatings on metallic nanoparticles by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for environmental purposes
Authors: Amininejad Sayed , Ivleva Natalia P. , Baumann Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increasing production and use of engineered inorganic nanoparticles (EINPs) escalate the risk for their unintended release into the environment. Coating of nanoparticles like natural organic matter (NOM) plays an important role in the stability, toxicity, and transport of nanoparticles. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been proven to be a promising method to detect and characterize the coating on noble metal nanoparticles. Here, we report on the synthesis of core‐shell Au–Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with a high SERS enhancement factor to study the exchange and competition of different coating agents with different binding abilities to simulate the release of NPs into a receiving environment with a number of potential coating agents. Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA), and 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐MPy) were selected molecules for the experiments. The SERS experimental setup parameters such as aggregation size, laser excitation wavelength, and laser power were optimized before further experiments were conducted. It was shown that 4‐MPy has a higher binding affinity than SRNOM and 4‐MBA through the presence of simultaneous S and N atoms, which leads to dominating the coating process when two coating agents are present in the media at the same time. In addition, it was observed that 4‐MPy and 4‐MBA can replace the SRNOM coating on Au–Ag NPs.
The Brothers Čapek at the Gate: R.U.R. and The Insect Play
Authors: Pilný Ondřej 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chapter examines two important but hitherto largely neglected productions of famous European dramas at Dublin’s Gate Theatre, R.U.R. (1929, revived 1931) and The Insect Play (1943) by the brothers Čapek, which it attempts to reconstruct insofar as the available documentary evidence allows. In the process, it discusses the complicated textual history of the English versions produced by the Gate and compares their staging by Hilton Edwards and Micheál mac Liammóir with the celebrated original productions in Czechoslovakia. Finally, the reception of the respective productions is juxtaposed, with points of convergence being teased out and the differences brought about by the respective theatrical and political contexts being elucidated.
Controversies in the Use of MIGS
Authors: Durr Georges M. , Marolo Paola , Fea Antonio , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has fulfilled an unmet need in the management of glaucoma. This chapter highlights some controversial issues regarding the use of MIGS in clinical practice, including (1) whether there is sufficient evidence to advocate combining MIGS with cataract surgery over cataract surgery alone, (2) the merits and drawbacks of different approaches to trabecular bypass and canal-based MIGS procedures, (3) the effect of MIGS on endothelial cell loss, (4) suprachoroidal MIGS devices and whether there is still a role for these procedures, and (5) a comparison between subconjunctival MIGS and trabeculectomy. Several questions are still left unanswered and hopefully, further research and more clinical experience with these new technologies will help improve surgical outcomes for patients.
A vanishing theorem for T-branes
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Moraru Ruxandra , Savelli Raffaele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider regular polystable Higgs pairs (E, ϕ) on compact complex manifolds. We show that a non-trivial Higgs field ϕ ∈ H0(End(E) ⊗ KS) restricts the Ricci curvature of the manifold, generalising previous results in the literature. In particular ϕ must vanish for positive Ricci curvature, while for trivial canonical bundle it must be proportional to the identity. For Kähler surfaces, our results provide a new vanishing theorem for solutions to the Vafa-Witten equations. Moreover they constrain supersymmetric 7-brane configurations in F-theory, giving obstructions to the existence of T-branes, i.e. solutions with [ϕ, ϕ†] ≠ 0. When non-trivial Higgs fields are allowed, we give a general characterisation of their structure in terms of vector bundle data, which we then illustrate in explicit examples.
Degrees and rationality of characters in the principal block of $$A_n$$
Authors: Giannelli Eugenio , Meini Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven two primes p and q, we study degrees and rationality of irreducible characters in the principal p-block of $${\mathfrak {S}}_n$$

S
n

and $${\mathfrak {A}}_n$$

A
n

, the symmetric and alternating groups. In particular, we show that such a block always admits an irreducible character of degree divisible by q. This extends and generalizes a recent result of Giannelli–Malle–Vallejo.
Regulation of peroxisomal trafficking and distribution
Authors: Covill-Cooke Christian , Toncheva Viktoriya S. , Kittler Josef T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeroxisomes are organelles that perform a wide range of essential metabolic processes. To ensure that peroxisomes are optimally positioned in the cell, they must be transported by both long- and short-range trafficking events in response to cellular needs. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton and organelle contact sites alter peroxisomal distribution. Though the focus of the review is peroxisomal transport in mammalian cells, findings from flies and fungi are used for comparison and to inform the gaps in our understanding. Attention is given to the apparent overlap in regulatory mechanisms for mitochondrial and peroxisomal trafficking, along with the recently discovered role of the mitochondrial Rho-GTPases, Miro, in peroxisomal dynamics. Moreover, we outline and discuss the known pathological and pharmacological conditions that perturb peroxisomal positioning. We conclude by highlighting several gaps in our current knowledge and suggest future directions that require attention.
The impact of cochlear implant microphone settings on the binaural hearing of experienced cochlear implant users with single-sided deafness
Authors: Kurz Anja , Zanzinger Maren , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Cochlear implantation has become a well-accepted treatment option for people with single-sided deafness (SSD) and has become a clinical standard in many countries. A cochlear implant (CI) is the only device which restores binaural hearing. The effect of microphone directionality (MD) settings has been investigated in other CI indication groups, but its impact on speech perception in noise has not been established in CI users with SSD. The focus of this investigation was, therefore, to assess binaural hearing effects using different MD settings in CI users with SSD.

Methods
Twenty-nine experienced CI users with SSD were recruited to determine speech reception thresholds with varying target and noise sources to define binaural effects (head shadow, squelch, summation, and spatial release from masking), sound localization, and sound quality using the SSQ12 and HISQUI19 questionnaires. Outcome measures included the MD settings “natural”, “adaptive”, and “omnidirectional”.

Results
The 29 participants involved in the study were divided into two groups: 11 SONNET users and 18 OPUS 2/RONDO users. In both groups, a significant head shadow effect of 7.4–9.2 dB was achieved with the CI. The MD setting “adaptive” provided a significant head shadow effect of 9.2 dB, a squelch effect of 0.9 dB, and spatial release from masking of 7.6 dB in the SONNET group. No significant summation effect could be determined in either group with CI. Outcomes with the omnidirectional setting were not significantly different between groups. For both groups, localization improved significantly when the CI was activated and was best when the omnidirectional setting was used. The groups’ sound quality scores did not significantly differ.

Conclusions
Adaptive directional microphone settings improve speech perception and binaural hearing abilities in CI users with SSD. Binaural effect measures are valuable to quantify the benefit of CI use, especially in this indication group.
Perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers: from physics to physiology
Authors: Jägers Johannes , Wrobeln Anna , Ferenz Katja B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping biocompatible, synthetic oxygen carriers is a consistently challenging task that researchers have been pursuing for decades. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are fascinating compounds with a huge capacity to dissolve gases, where the respiratory gases are of special interest for current investigations. Although largely chemically and biologically inert, pure PFCs are not suitable for injection into the vascular system. Extensive research created stable PFC nano-emulsions that avoid (i) fast clearance from the blood and (ii) long organ retention time, which leads to undesired transient side effects. PFC-based oxygen carriers (PFOCs) show a variety of application fields, which are worthwhile to investigate. To understand the difficulties that challenge researchers in creating formulations for clinical applications, this review provides the physical background of PFCs’ properties and then illuminates the reasons for instabilities of PFC emulsions. By linking the unique properties of PFCs and PFOCs to physiology, it elaborates on the response, processing and dysregulation, which the body experiences through intravascular PFOCs. Thereby the reader will receive a scientific and easily comprehensible overview why PFOCs are precious tools for so many diverse application areas from cancer therapeutics to blood substitutes up to organ preservation and diving disease.
Cryptosporidium infections in sheep farms from Italy
Authors: Dessì G. , Tamponi C. , Varcasia A. , Sanna G. , Pipia A. P. , Carta S. , Salis F. , Díaz P. , Scala A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is recognized as being a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness due to its wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Infection with Cryptosporidium spp. is especially common in young domestic ruminants (calves, lambs and goat kids) and has been associated with economic losses worldwide. In contrast to cattle, to date, detailed studies on Cryptosporidium infections in sheep from Europe are still limited; thus, their importance as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium species with implications on animal and public health still needs to be clarified. This study evaluates the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep farms in Italy. A total of 915 individual faecal samples divided into three different animal categories were collected from 61 sheep farms. Each sample was examined by microscopy of faecal smears stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen and by biomolecular techniques. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 10.1% of the animals examined and in 34.4% of the farms. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was significantly higher (χ2 = 51.854; P < 0.001) in diarrhoeic samples than in pasty or normal faeces. Genotype analyses showed the presence of two Cryptosporidium species: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum. Subtyping analysis of C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of subtypes IIa15G2R1 and IIdA20G1 and of subtype XIIa for C. ubiquitum. These findings have public health implications since both Cryptosporidium species identified are considered zoonotic, and C. parvum is the second-most common Cryptosporidium species infecting humans. Our data reveal that lambs, especially those excreting diarrhoeic faeces, may be important reservoirs of Cryptosporidium. We also highlight the need to establish adequate control and monitoring programmes for the control of this infection in sheep farms primarily through coprological monitoring.