bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi evaluasi penerapan Community Based Tourism (CBT) sebagai pendukung agrowisata berkelanjutan
Authors: Nurhidayati Sri Endah 
Published: August 2020

The role of government in the development of Community Based Tourism (CBT) is very important to strengthen communities around the tourism destination. Government has significant role to ensure that the community has accesses, opportunities and an important power in the development of tourism. The objectives of this research are: (1) describe the government's perception of the Community Based Tourism (CBT) development, (2) identifying government policies to support the Community Based Tourism (CBT) implementation in Batu City, East Java, and (3) describe the constraints that occur in the implementation of Community based Tourism (CBT) in Batu City, East Java. This study uses qualitative approach by analyzing critical reality, being constructed locally and specifically. The study was conducted in Batu City, East Java. Perceptions of government on the implementation of community-based tourism reflected the mindset of the individual. The community-based tourism development in Batu city is considered the same as rural tourism development. The Government supervise the development of tourism products, especially the tourist village. To support the existence of a tourist village Department of Tourism and Creative Economy help develop and market promotion. Barriers to the implementation of community-based tourism development with regard to the internal aspects of the government: the quality of human resources decision makers in the Batu Government do not possess educational background of tourism, government people less creative design programs and somewhat forced, the lack of trust the government to local communities, government is not able to map the condition social community related to the system's internal decision-making in the community that are less able to intervene in all components of society, a narrow understanding of CBT, and yet solid government policy coordination between stakeholders. While the external barriers are lack of insight into the capabilities and limitations of the community in terms of tourism, community participation uneven, limited area of Batu, less technological mastery, and the effects of global warming are affecting the climate and cause decreased production and quality apples.
Effect of Direct Instruction Models Toward Students’ Understanding of Physics Formula
Authors: Polonia Betti Ses Eka , Ravi Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

The research aims to obtain information on the ability to understand the physics formulas of high school students being taught through direct learning models. The population subjects in this study were 360 high school students. The research sample was taken using a random class technique, with a total sample of 79 students. This research used instruments in the form of tests of understanding students' physics formulas in the form of essays that have been tested before being used in research to determine the validity and reliability of the tests. The normality test is performing on the experimental class which obtained Xcount2 < Xtable2 (1,68 < 9,49) and the control class Xcount2 < Xtable2 (1,47 < 9,49), the normality of the two data groups is normal. Homogeneity testing of variance used F-test get value 1,15, which Ftable = 1.74 (Fcount < Ftable), the variance of the two data groups is homogeneous. Data processing uses inferential analysis techniques with the "t" test. There is two class, which one class as an experimental class that was treated in the form of direct teaching-learning models and another class as a control class taught conventionally. The results there is an increase in the score of students' understanding of physics formulas taught through direct learning models. It can happen because students are invited to get accustomed to gaining procedural knowledge also can capture and interpret physics formulas that are taught through modeling or experiment.
The Development of HOTS Test Instrument of Thermodynamics Law for Senior High School
Authors: Liana Yeni Rima , Linuwih Suharto , Sulhadi Sulhadi 
Published: August 2020

The main analysis in developing assessment instruments is reliability and validity. A validity test is carried out to determine the appropriateness instrument that will be developed, both construction validity and content validity. The reliability test is to determine the level of consistency of the instrument that has been developed. This research was conducted to develop the HOTS ability to test items for high school students. The grid test instruments are arranged based on competence and HOTS indicators, which are then used to arrange items. The test instrument consisted of ten question items relating to the HOTS Thermodynamic Law problem, which included: 1) analyzing the magnitude of engine efficiency, work, heat, and internal energy changes, 2) evaluating Carnot's efficiency, and 3) creating a heat engine. The assessment of the instrument HOTS test obtained Aiken's V score in the range of 0.83 to 0.94, which is in the valid criteria. The validated instrument was piloted in 141 science grade XI student in High School 2 Batang, at Batang Regency, Central Java. The level difficulty of the Polytomous data was analyzed using the QUEST program for classical analysis and PARSCALE 4 for modern analytical theory based on the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The results of data analysis of the experimental items show that of the ten-question items, all are compatible with PCM. The reliability of the test instrument is 0.84, and the item difficulty level is in the range of 0.83 to 1.22. Information functions and Standard Error Measurement (SEM) indicate that test questions developed reliably to measure HOTS students' ability with an average category in -1.9 <θ <+1.7 logit scale with SEM ± 0.5.
Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Dan Penggunaan Mulsa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Sari Kun Rawan , Battong Umar , Rahing Abdul 
Published: August 2020

The study was conducted in Pepara Village, Tanah Grogot District, Paser Regency. The research was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of planting distance and mulch use on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This research was in the form of an experiment using a Randomized Block Design arranged in factorial two factors with three replications. The first factor is the treatment of plant spacing with three levels, namely j1 = 60 x 60 cm, j2 = 60 x 70 cm, j3 = 60 x 80 cm. The second factor is the use of mulch which consists of 3 levels, namely m1 = no mulch, m2 = rice straw mulch, m3 = silver black plastic mulch. Based on the results of the study showed the results that plant spacing had a very significant effect on the height of Chilli plants at the age of 2 MST and 4 MST, the number of productive branches, the number of fruits per crop of the second harvest sample, the weight of the fruit per crop of the second harvest sample, weight of fruit per bed and weight of fruit per hectare. The use of mulch also has a very significant effect on plant height at ages 2 MST, 4 MST, number of productive branches, the weight of fruit per crop of the second harvest sample, weight of fruit per bed and weight of fruit per hectare. While the interaction between the two plant spacing treatments with the use of mulch had no significant effect on plant height at ages 2 MST, 4 MST, 6 MST, the number of proactive branches, the number of fruit planted samples, the weight of fruit planted samples, fruit weight per bed and fruit weight per hectare.
Chondroblastoma of the Navicular Bone
Authors: Bram Joshua T. , Mahmoud Mahmoud A. H. , Arkader Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

Case:
Two patients presenting to the clinic with midfoot pain were found to have pathologic fractures through chondroblastomas of the navicular bone. Patient 1 was a 15-year-old boy who experienced multiple recurrences despite more aggressive interventions. Patient 2 was a 13-year-old boy who experienced full recovery after lesion resection.

Conclusion:
Navicular chondroblastoma is a rare site of presentation, with only 3 documented cases. Given the potential aggressive nature of these lesions with significant cortical destruction and soft-tissue extension, the navicular represents a difficult anatomic location to manage.
Late-Onset Radial Nerve Palsy in the Setting of Humeral Shaft Hypertrophic Nonunion
Authors: Ravinsky Robert , Sniderman Jhase , Crawford Eric , Tsuji Matthew , Hall Jeremy 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 67-year-old woman presented 9 months after a closed midshaft humerus fracture with a new onset radial nerve palsy. Radiographs demonstrated a hypertrophic nonunion. Upon exploration, the radial nerve was in continuity and entrapped in fracture callus. It was extricated from the callus, and an open reduction and plate fixation was performed. Full radial nerve function returned by 3 months.

Conclusion:
We recommend that delayed onset radial nerve palsies be treated on a semiurgent basis with radial nerve exploration and decompression followed by internal fixation to achieve primary bone healing and minimize fracture callus formation.
Giant Cell Tumor After Distal Radius Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Siesel Craig , Muhammad Bilal , Weiner Scott 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 32-year-old pregnant woman presented with new wrist pain after a fall. She had undergone surgical repair to the same wrist 6 years previously for a distal radius fracture. At that time, there was no evidence of a bone lesion. Current radiographs revealed a radiolucent lesion in the metaepiphyseal region. Intraoperative frozen section confirmed a giant cell tumor (GCT). Definitive management consisted of intralesional curettage, burring, and cementation of the distal radius with reapplication of distal radius plate.

Conclusion:
Currently, there is no known link between GCT and fracture or pregnancy.
Mutu Starter Kering Yoghurt Probiotik Di Berbagai Suhu Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Miskiyah NFN , Juniawati NFN , Yuanita Lisha 
Published: August 2020

<p>Penentuan masa simpan starter kering yoghurt probiotik bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kondisi penyimpanan yang optimal bagi starter kering. Mutu starter kering yang diuji meliputi total bakteri asam laktat/BAL, kadar air dan nilai a . Mutu yoghurt yang diuji meliputi total BAL, pH, total asam tertitrasi, kadar protein dan mutu organoleptik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Faktorial (RALF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu dan waktu penyimpanan starter kering pada suhu <em>freezer </em>(-200C) lebih baik dibandingkan penyimpanan pada suhu <em>refrigerator </em>(5°C) maupun pada suhu ruang (27°C). Pada penyimpanan suhu freezer selama 8 minggu menunjukkan viabilitas sel starter kering 6,24 log CFU/g, dengan jumlah total BAL pada yoghurt probiotik hasil rehidrasi 11,52 log CFU/mL, Kadar air 4,71%, pH 4,66, Total asam tertitrasi (TAT) 1,56 dan kadar protein 5,68%. Penyimpanan starter di <em>freezer </em>menghasilkan yoghurt probiotik yang secara organoleptik (tekstur, aroma, rasa, konsistensi dan warna) lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan disimpan dalam <em>refrigerator </em>dan suhu ruang.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Quality Of Dry Starter Of Probiotic Yoghurt At Different Temperature During Storage</em></strong></p><p>Shelf life determination of probiotic yogurt dry starter is useful to obtain the optimal storage conditions for dry starter. The quality of dry starter tested included total lactic acid bacteria/LAB, water content, and Aw value). The quality of the dry starter included total LAB, pH, total titratable acid, protein content, and organoleptic quality. This research used completely randomized factorial design experimental method with two factors. Result showed that temperature and storage time of the dry starter at freezer (-200C) better than storage at refrigerator temperature (5°C) and at room temperature (27°C). The storage temperature of freezer for 8 weeks showed the viability of dry starter cell 6.24 log CFU/g, with total amount of LAB on rehydrated probiotic yogurt 11.52 log CFU/mL, 4.71% water content, pH 4.66, Total titratable acid (TAT) 1.56 and protein content 5.68%. Storage of the starter in freezer produces probiotic yogurt which organoleptically (texture, aroma, taste, consistency and color) were preferred compared to stored in a refrigerator and room temperature.</p>
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pengental Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Keju Mozarella Susu Sapi
Authors: Usmiati Sri , Abubakar NFN , Adieb Azmier 
Published: August 2020

<p>Saat ini penggunaan keju mozarella di Indonesia berkembang pesat. Sejumlah titik kritis menentukan mutu mozarella, antara lain total padatan susu yang tinggi, rennet yang aktif, proses <em>curdling </em>yang baik, <em>mild </em>temperatur saat peregangan/pemuluran (58-65°C). Jika tidak terpenuhi maka mutu mozarella yang dihasilkan kurang baik, antara lain sifat regang yang rendah yang berakibat terhadap kurangnya daya leleh keju. Diperlukan aplikasi bahan pengental berupa hidrokoloid untuk memperbaiki sensori, yaitu memperbaiki sifat kemuluran atau daya leleh mozarella yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisikokimia keju mozarella dengan penambahan hidrokoloid sebagai bahan pengental. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan penambahan hidrokoloid dan satu kontrol tanpa bahan pengental, yaitu: P0 (kontrol); P1 (gellan gum 0,010%); P2 (xhantan gum 0,010%+ gellan gum 0,010%); P3 (pati jagung/maizena 0,125%); dan P4 (susu skim bubuk 0,125%), masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keju mozarella susu sapi dengan perlakuan penambahan pengental berupa hidrokoloid pati jagung (maizena) merupakan keju yang memiliki karakteristik terbaik dengan kadar lemak yang cukup baik (12,08%), tingkat <em>hardness </em>terendah (150,13 g/mm2), lelehan keju yang lembut, serta kecerahan warna yang baik (L= 88,99).</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Effect Of Thickener On Characteristics Of Cow Milk Mozarella Cheese.</strong></p><p>Nowaday, the use of mozzarella cheese is growing rapidly in Indonesia. A number of critical points determine the quality of mozzarella, including high milk total solids, active rennet, good curdling process, mild temperature during stretching (58-65°C). The quality of the mozzarella produced is not good, among others lack of stretching ability causes low melting ability if the critical points are not fulfilled. The application of a hydrocolloid as thickener is needed to improve the sensory that was better stretching ability of mozzarella. The aim of study was to determine the mozzarella physicochemical characteristics use the addition of hydrocolloid as thickener. The study was designed using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments for addition of hydrocolloid and control without thickener, namely: P0 (control); P1 (gellan gum 0.010%); P2 (0.010% xhantan gum + 0.010% gellan gum); P3 (corn starch 0.125%); and P4 (powdered skim milk 0.125%), each repeated 3 times. The results showed that cow milk mozzarella cheese with the treatment of corn starch (maize starch) as thickener was the best cheese with good fat content (12.08%), the lowest hardness level (150.13 g/mm2), smoothy melted cheese and good colour brightness (L value of 88.99).</p>
Features of alternative splicing in stomach adenocarcinoma and their clinical implication: A research based on massive sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Shengling , Niu Qian , Han Yun , Liu Xingyu , Jiang Jie , Chen Simiao , Lin Haolong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Alternative splicing (AS) offers a main mechanism to form protein polymorphism. A growing body of evidence indicates the correlation between splicing disorders and carcinoma. Nevertheless, an overall analysis of AS signatures in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is absent and urgently needed.Results: 2042 splicing events were confirmed as prognostic molecular events. Furthermore, the final prognostic signature constructed by 10 AS events gave good result with an area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve up to 0.902 for 5 years, showing high potency in predicting patient outcome. We built the splicing regulatory network to show the internal regulation mechanism of splicing events in STAD. QKI may play a significant part in the prognosis induced by splicing events.Conclusions: In our study, a high-efficiency prognostic prediction model was built for STAD patients, and the results showed that AS events could become potential prognostic biomarkers for STAD. Meanwhile, QKI may become an important target for drug design in the future.
The Bdkrb2 Gene Family Provides a Novel View of Viviparity Adaptation in Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Niu Jingjing , Song Weihao , Li Rui , Yu Haiyang , Guan Jian , Qi Jie , He Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background：Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a viviparous teleost. We proposed that the rockfish ovarian wall had a similar function to the uterus of mammals previously. In the present study, the well-developed vascular system was observed in the ovary wall and the exterior surface of the egg membrane. In gestation, adaptation of the ovary vasculature to the rising needs of the embryos occurs through both vasodilation and neovascularization. Bdkrb2, encoding a receptor for bradykinin, plays a critical role in the control of vasodilatation by regulating nitric oxide production. Results：Eight Bdkrb2 genes were identified in the black rockfish genome. These genes were located on chromosome 14, which are arranged in a tandem array, forming a gene cluster spanning 50 kb. Protein structure prediction, phylogenetic analysis, and transcriptome analysis showed that eight Bdkrb2 genes evolved two kinds of protein structure and three types of tissue expression pattern. Overexpression of two Bdkrb2 genes in zebrafish indicated a role of them in blood vessel formation or remodeling, which is an important procedure for the viviparous rockfish getting prepared for fertilization and embryos implantation. Conclusions： Our study characterizes eight Bdrkb2 genes in the black rockfish, which may contribute to preparation for fertilization and embryo implantation. This research provides a novel view of viviparity adaptation and lays the groundwork for future research into vascular regulation of ovarian tissue in the breeding cycle in black rockfish.
A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress
Authors: Su Peisen , Yan Jun , Li Wen , Wang Liang , Zhao Jinxiao , Ma Xin , Li Anfei , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict the yield of crops. Peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, only few wheat PRXs have been characterized in the mechanism of the abiotic stress response.Results: In this study, a novel wheat peroxidase (PRX) gene named TaPRX-2A, a member of wheat class III PRX gene family, was cloned and its response to salt stress was characterized. Based on the identification and evolutionary analysis of class III PRXs in 12 plants, we proposed an evolutionary model for TaPRX-2A, suggesting that occurrence of some exon fusion events during evolution. We also detected the positive selection of PRX domain in 13 PRXs involving our evolutionary model, and found 2 or 6 positively selected sites during TaPRX-2A evolution. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) results showed that TaPRX-2A exhibited relatively higher expression levels in root tissue than those exhibited in leaf and stem tissues. TaPRX-2A expression was also induced by abiotic stresses and hormone treatments such as polyethylene glycol 6000, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic wheat plants with overexpression of TaPRX-2A showed higher tolerance to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. Confocal microscopy revealed that TaPRX-2A-eGFP was mainly localized in cell nuclei. Survival rate, relative water content, and shoot length were higher in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat than in the WT wheat, whereas root length was not significantly different. The activities of s superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat compared with those in the WT wheat, resulting in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The expression levels of downstream stress-related genes showed that RD22, TLP4, ABAI, GST22, FeSOD, and CAT exhibited higher expressions in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat than in WT under salt stress.Conclusions: The results show that TaPRX-2A plays a positive role in the response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.
District-level strategies to control the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe: a practical example of precision public health
Authors: Makurumidze Richard , Decroo Tom , Lynen Lutgarde , Chinwadzimba Zororo Kudzaishe , Damme Wim Van , Hakim James , Rusakaniko Simbarashe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using survey and programme data to assess district-level performance along the HIV care cascade (HIV testing target achievement, linkage to ART and ART coverage) in order to formulate district-specific recommendations, taking into consideration prevalence and yield of testing. Results Data from 60 districts were analysed. Forty-eight districts (80.0%) surpassed 90% of their 2018 HIV testing targets. Linkage to ART was less than 90% in 40 districts (83.3%). Thirty districts (50.0%) had ART coverage above 90%. Of the 30 districts with suboptimal (<90%) ART coverage, 18 districts had achieved high HIV testing target but with suboptimal linkage to ART, 6 had achieved high HIV testing targets and high linkage to ART, 4 had both suboptimal HIV testing target achievement and linkage to ART and 2 had suboptimal HIV testing target achievement and high linkage to ART. Priority should be given to districts with suboptimal ART coverage. Remediation strategies should be tailored to address the poorly performing stage of the cascade in each of the districts.