bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The richness-to-mass relation of CAMIRA galaxy clusters from weak-lensing magnification in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Chiu I-Non , Umetsu Keiichi , Murata Ryoma , Medezinski Elinor , Oguri Masamune 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a statistical weak-lensing magnification analysis on an optically selected sample of 3029 CAMIRA (Cluster finding Algorithm based on Multiband Identification of Red-sequence gAlaxies) galaxy clusters with richness N &gt; 15 at redshift 0.2 ≤ z &lt; 1.1 in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. We use two distinct populations of colour-selected, flux-limited background galaxies, namely the low-z and high-z samples at mean redshifts of ≈1.1 and ≈1.4, respectively, from which to measure the weak-lensing magnification signal by accounting for cluster contamination as well as masking effects. Our magnification bias measurements are found to be uncontaminated according to validation tests against the ‘null-test’ samples for which the net magnification bias is expected to vanish. The magnification bias for the full CAMIRA sample is detected at a significance level of 9.51σ, which is dominated by the high-z background. We forward-model the observed magnification data to constrain the normalization of the richness-to-mass (N–M) relation for the CAMIRA sample with informative priors on other parameters. The resulting scaling relation is N∝ (M500)0.92 ± 0.13(1 + z)−0.48 ± 0.69, with a characteristic richness of N = 17.72 ± 2.60 and intrinsic lognormal scatter of 0.15 ± 0.07 at M500 = 1014 h−1 M⊙. With the derived N–M relation, we provide magnification-calibrated mass estimates of individual CAMIRA clusters, with the typical uncertainty of ≈39 and ≈32  per cent at richness of ≈20 and ≈40, respectively. We further compare our magnification-inferred N–M relation with those from the shear-based results in the literature, finding good agreement.
A three-dimensional view of Gomez’s hamburger
Authors: Teague Richard , Jankovic Marija R , Haworth Thomas J , Qi Chunhua , Ilee John D 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Unravelling the three-dimensional physical structure, the temperature and density distribution, of protoplanetary discs is an essential step if we are to confront simulations of embedded planets or dynamical instabilities. In this paper, we focus on submillimeter array observations of the edge-on source, Gomez’s Hamburger, believed to host an overdensity hypothesized to be a product of gravitational instability in the disc, GoHam b. We demonstrate that, by leveraging the well-characterized rotation of a Keplerian disc to deproject observations of molecular lines in position-position-velocity space into disc-centric coordinates, we are able to map out the emission distribution in the $(r,\, z)$ plane and ($x,\, |y|,\, z)$ space. We show that 12CO traces an elevated layer of $z\, /\, r \sim 0.3$, while 13CO traces deeper in the disc at $z\, /\, r \lesssim 0.2$. We identify an azimuthal asymmetry in the deprojected 13CO emission coincident with GoHam b at a polar angle of ≈30○. At the spatial resolution of ∼1.5 arcsec, GoHam b is spatially unresolved, with an upper limit to its radius of &lt;190 au.
The duty cycle of radio galaxies revealed by LOFAR: remnant and restarted radio source populations in the Lockman Hole
Authors: Shabala Stanislav S , Jurlin Nika , Morganti Raffaella , Brienza Marisa , Hardcastle Martin J , Godfrey Leith E H , Krause Martin G H , Turner Ross J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Feedback from radio jets associated with active galactic nuclei (AGNs) plays a profound role in the evolution of galaxies. Kinetic power of these radio jets appears to show temporal variation, but the mechanism(s) responsible for this process are not yet clear. Recently, the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) has uncovered large populations of active, remnant, and restarted radio jet populations. By focusing on LOFAR data in the Lockman Hole, in this work we use the Radio AGNs in Semi-Analytic Environments (RAiSE) dynamical model to present the first self-consistent modelling analysis of active, remnant, and restarted radio source populations. Consistent with other recent work, our models predict that remnant radio lobes fade quickly. Any high (&gt;10 per cent) observed fraction of remnant and restarted sources therefore requires a dominant population of short-lived jets. We speculate that this could plausibly be provided by feedback-regulated accretion.
Revealing new features of the millimetre emission of the circumbinary envelope of Mira Ceti
Authors: Hoai D T , Tuan-Anh P , Nhung P T , Darriulat P , Diep P N , Phuong N T , Thai T T 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the morpho-kinematics of the circumbinary envelope of Mira Ceti between ∼100 and ∼350 au from the stars using ALMA observations of the SiO (ν = 0, J= 5−4) and CO (ν = 0, J = 3−2) emissions with the aim of presenting an accurate and reliable picture of what cannot be ignored when modelling the dynamics at stake. A critical study of the uncertainties attached to imaging is presented. The line emissions are shown to be composed of a few separated fragments. They are described in detail and plausible interpretations of their genesis are discussed. Evidence for a focusing effect of the Mira A wind by Mira B over the past century is presented; it accounts for only a small fraction of the overall observed emission but its accumulation over several orbital periods may have produced an enhancement of CO emission in the orbital plane of Mira B. We identify a south-western outflow and give arguments for the anti-correlation observed between CO and SiO emissions being the result of a recent mass ejection accompanied by a shock wave. We discuss the failure of simple scenarios that have been proposed earlier to explain some of the observed features and comment on the apparent lack of continuity between the present observations and those obtained in the close environment of the stars. Evidence is obtained for the presence of large Doppler velocity components near the line of sight aiming to the star, possibly revealing the presence of important turbulence at ∼5–10 au away from Mira A.
Identifying the lens galaxy B 1152+199 as a ghostly damped Lyman α system by the cosmic origins spectrograph
Authors: Dai Xinyu , Bhatiani Saloni , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Strong quasar-galaxy lensing provides a powerful tool to probe the interstellar medium (ISM) of the lens galaxy using radiation from the background quasar. Using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we study the cold ISM properties of the lens galaxy in B 1152+199 at a redshift of z = 0.4377. Since existing optical extinction and X-ray absorption measurements of the lens have revealed a large amount of cold ISM, we expected to detect a damped Ly α absorption (DLA) system in the near ultraviolet spectrum; however, our upper limit on the H i column density is several orders of magnitude below the expectation. We also marginally detect O i and C ii absorption lines associated with the lens galaxy in the COS spectrum. Thus, the lens galaxy is identified as a ghostly DLA system, and further investigations of these ghostly DLA systems would be important to characterize the biases of using DLAs to probe the matter density of the universe. Although preliminary, the most likely explanation of the non-detection of the DLA is because of the Ly α emission of the lens galaxy that fills in the absorption trough, with a Ly α luminosity of $4\times 10^{42}\, \hbox{erg~s$^{-1}$}$.
Multiwavelength observations of PSR J2032+4127 during the 2017 periastron passage
Authors: Chernyakova M , Malyshev D , Blay P , van Soelen B , Tsygankov S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
PSR J2032+4127 is only the second known gamma-ray binary where it is confirmed that a young radio pulsar is in orbit around a Be-star. The interaction of the pulsar wind with the mass outflow from the companion leads to broad-band emission from radio up to TeV energies. In this paper we present results of optical monitoring of the 2017 periastron passage with the Nordic Optical Telescope. These observations are complemented by X-ray (Swift/XRT, NuSTAR) and GeV (Fermi/LAT) monitoring. Joint analysis of the evolution of the parameters of the H α line and the broad-band (X-ray to TeV) spectral shape allows us to propose a model linking the observed emission to the interaction of the pulsar and Be-star winds under the assumption of the inclined disc geometry. Our model allows the observed flux and spectral evolution of the system to be explained in a self-consistent way.
The excitation temperature of the CH 3335-MHz line
Authors: Dailey Erin M , Smith Allison J , Magnani Loris , Andersson B-G , Reach William T 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Molecular hydrogen is the main constituent of dense molecular clouds, but is expected to also be a dominant constituent in many environments where CO can no longer be seen, the so-called ‘CO-dark molecular gas’. Based on comparisons of ultraviolet spectroscopy of H2 and optical line observations (4300 Å), CH is a prime candidate to trace H2. Since the optical line (and the UV lines at 3143, 3890, and 3878 Å) require bright background sources (and the CH N = 2←1 ground state rotation line at 149 µm requires space-based, or stratospheric, observations), the hyperfine structure transition at 3335 MHz is a potentially important tool for probing the CO-dark molecular gas. However, the excitation of this transition is complicated, and has often been found to be inverted, making column density determinations uncertain. To clarify the potential use of the 3.3-GHz line as a proxy for H2, we have observed the CH 3335-MHz line with the Arecibo 305-m radio telescope along 16 lines of sight towards stars with existing measurements of the 4300-Å line. By comparing the CH column densities from optical and UV absorption lines to the CH radio emission line, we can derive the excitation temperature (Tex) of the 3335-MHz transition. We obtain a wide range of excitation temperatures for nine lines of sight, including some with |Tex| &lt; 5 K. The common assumption that Tex for the 3335-MHz line is always much larger than the background temperature (Tbg) is not always warranted and can lead to significant errors in the value of N(CH).
Study of flux-rope characteristics at sub-astronomical-unit distances using the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft
Authors: Raghav Anil , Gaikwad Sandesh , Wang Yuming , Shaikh Zubair I , Mishra Wageesh , Zao Ake 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Magnetic flux ropes observed as magnetic clouds near 1 au have been extensively studied in the literature and their distinct features are derived using numerous models. These studies summarize the general characteristics of flux ropes at 1 au without providing an understanding of the continuous evolution of the flux ropes from near the Sun to 1 au. In the present study, we investigate 26 flux ropes observed by the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft (from 0.3 to 1 au) using the velocity-modified Gold–Hoyle model. The correlation and regression analyses suggest that the expansion speed, poloidal speed, total magnetic helicity and twist per au of the flux rope are independent of heliospheric distance. The study implies that the aforementioned features are more strongly influenced by their internal properties compared with external conditions in the ambient medium. Moreover, the poloidal magnetic flux and magnetic energy of the studied flux ropes exhibit power-law dependence on heliospheric distance. A better understanding of the underlying physics and corroboration of these results is expected from the Parker Solar Probe measurements in the near future.
HIR4: cosmology from a simulated neutral hydrogen full sky using Horizon Run 4
Authors: Asorey Jacobo , Parkinson David , Shi Feng , Song Yong-Seon , Ahn Kyungjin , Kim Juhan , Yao Jian , Zhang Le , Zuo Shifan 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The distribution of cosmological neutral hydrogen will provide a new window into the large-scale structure of the Universe with the next generation of radio telescopes and surveys. The observation of this material, through 21 cm line emission, will be confused by foreground emission in the same frequencies. Even after these foregrounds are removed, the reconstructed map may not exactly match the original cosmological signal, which will introduce systematic errors and offset into the measured correlations. In this paper, we simulate future surveys of neutral hydrogen using the Horizon Run 4 (HR4) cosmological N-body simulation. We generate H i intensity maps from the HR4 halo catalogue, and combine with foreground radio emission maps from the Global Sky Model, to create accurate simulations over the entire sky. We simulate the H i sky for the frequency range 700–800 MHz, matching the sensitivity of the Tianlai pathfinder. We test the accuracy of the fastICA, PCA, and log-polynomial fitting foreground removal methods to recover the input cosmological angular power spectrum and measure the parameters. We show the effect of survey noise levels and beam sizes on the recovered the cosmological constraints. We find that while the reconstruction removes power from the cosmological 21 cm distribution on large scales, we can correct for this and recover the input parameters in the noise-free case. However, the effect of noise and beam size of the Tianlai pathfinder prevents accurate recovery of the cosmological parameters when using only intensity mapping information.
Prefoldins contribute to maintaining the levels of the spliceosome LSM2–8 complex through Hsp90 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Esteve-Bruna David , Carrasco-López Cristian , Blanco-Touriñán Noel , Iserte Javier , Calleja-Cabrera Julián , Perea-Resa Carlos , Úrbez Cristina , Carrasco Pedro , Yanovsky Marcelo J , Blázquez Miguel A , Salinas Julio , Alabadí David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although originally identified as the components of the complex aiding the cytosolic chaperonin CCT in the folding of actins and tubulins in the cytosol, prefoldins (PFDs) are emerging as novel regulators influencing gene expression in the nucleus. Work conducted mainly in yeast and animals showed that PFDs act as transcriptional regulators and participate in the nuclear proteostasis. To investigate new functions of PFDs, we performed a co-expression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results revealed co-expression between PFD and the Sm-like (LSM) genes, which encode the LSM2–8 spliceosome core complex, in this model organism. Here, we show that PFDs interact with and are required to maintain adequate levels of the LSM2–8 complex. Our data indicate that levels of the LSM8 protein, which defines and confers the functional specificity of the complex, are reduced in pfd mutants and in response to the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin. We provide biochemical evidence showing that LSM8 is a client of Hsp90 and that PFD4 mediates the interaction between both proteins. Consistent with our results and with the role of the LSM2–8 complex in splicing through the stabilization of the U6 snRNA, pfd mutants showed reduced levels of this snRNA and altered pre-mRNA splicing patterns.
Combined Unilateral Subthalamic Nucleus and Contralateral Globus Pallidus Interna Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Pilot Study of Symptom-Tailored Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Chencheng , Wang Linbin , Hu Wei , Wang Tao , Zhao Yijie , Pan Yixin , Almeida Leonardo , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Sun Bomin , Li Dianyou 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) are the most effective targets in deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment for Parkinson disease (PD). However, the individualized selection of targets remains a clinical challenge.

OBJECTIVE
To combine unilateral STN and contralateral GPi stimulation (STN DBS in one brain hemisphere and GPi DBS in the other) to maximize the clinical advantages of each target while inducing fewer adverse side effects in selected patients with PD because each target has its own clinical effects and risk profiles.

METHODS
We reviewed the clinical outcomes of 8 patients with idiopathic PD treated with combined unilateral STN and contralateral GPi DBS. Clinical outcome assessments, focusing on motor and nonmotor symptoms, were performed at baseline and 6-mo and 12-mo follow-up. We performed the assessments under the following conditions: medication on and off (bilateral stimulation on and off and unilateral STN stimulation on).

RESULTS
Patients showed a significant improvement in motor symptoms, as assessed by the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III) and Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG), in the off-medication/on-stimulation state at 6-mo and 12-mo follow-up. Also, patients reported a better quality of life, and their intake of levodopa was reduced at 12-mo follow-up. In the on-medication condition, bilateral stimulation was associated with an improvement in axial symptoms, with a 64% improvement in measures of gait and falls at 12-mo follow-up. No irreversible adverse side effects were observed.

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that combined unilateral STN and contralateral GPi DBS could offer an effective and well-tolerated DBS treatment for certain PD patients.
Hydroxychloroquine and short-course radiotherapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma: a randomized phase II trial
Authors: Brazil Lucy , Swampillai Angela L , Mak Ka Man , Edwards Darren , Mesiri Pavlina , Clifton-Hadley Laura , Shaffer Richard , Lewis Joanne , Watts Colin , Jeffries Sarah , Gkogkou Pinelopi , Chalmers Anthony J , Fersht Naomi L , Hackshaw Allan , Short Susan C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective treatment for patients at least 70 years with newly diagnosed glioblastoma remains challenging and alternatives to conventional cytotoxics are appealing. Autophagy inhibition has shown promising efficacy and safety in small studies of glioblastoma and other cancers.MethodsWe conducted a randomized phase II trial to compare radiotherapy with or without hydroxychloroquine (2:1 allocation). Patients aged at least 70 years with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma deemed suitable for short-course radiotherapy with an ECOG performance status of 0–1 were included. Radiotherapy treatment consisted of 30 Gy, delivered as 6 fractions given over 2 weeks (5 Gy per fraction). Hydroxychloroquine was given as 200 mg orally b.d. from 7 days prior to radiotherapy until disease progression. The primary endpoint was 1-year overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), quality of life, and toxicity.ResultsFifty-four patients with a median age of 75 were randomized between May 2013 and October 2016. The trial was stopped early in 2016. One-year OS was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.2–36.0) hydroxychloroquine group, and 41.2% (95% CI 18.6–62.6) radiotherapy alone, with a median survival of 7.9 and 11.5 months, respectively. The corresponding 6-month PFS was 35.3% (95% CI 19.3–51.7) and 29.4% (95% CI 10.7–51.1). The outcome in the control arm was better than expected and the excess of deaths in the hydroxychloroquine group appeared unrelated to cancer. There were more grade 3–5 events in the hydroxychloroquine group (60.0%) versus radiotherapy alone (38.9%) without any clear common causation.ConclusionsHydroxychloroquine with short-course radiotherapy did not improve survival compared to radiotherapy alone in elderly patients with glioblastoma.
Which Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Respond Favorably to Yoga, Physical Therapy, and a Self-care Book? Responder Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Roseen Eric J , Gerlovin Hanna , Felson David T , Delitto Anthony , Sherman Karen J , Saper Robert B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To identify baseline characteristics of adults with chronic low back pain (cLBP) that predict response (i.e., a clinically important improvement) and/or modify treatment effect across three nonpharmacologic interventions.

Design
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Academic safety net hospital and seven federally qualified community health centers.

Subjects
Adults with cLBP (N = 299).

Methods
We report patient characteristics that were predictors of response and/or modified treatment effect across three 12-week treatments: yoga, physical therapy [PT], and a self-care book. Using preselected characteristics, we used logistic regression to identify predictors of “response,” defined as a ≥30% improvement in the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Then, using “response” as our outcome, we identified baseline characteristics that were treatment effect modifiers by testing for statistical interaction (P &lt; 0.05) across two comparisons: 1) yoga-or-PT vs self-care and 2) yoga vs PT.

Results
Overall, 39% (116/299) of participants were responders, with more responders in the yoga-or-PT group (42%) than the self-care (23%) group. There was no difference in proportion responding to yoga (48%) vs PT (37%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.88 − 2.6). Predictors of response included having more than a high school education, a higher income, employment, few depressive symptoms, lower perceived stress, few work-related fear avoidance beliefs, high pain self-efficacy, and being a nonsmoker. Effect modifiers included use of pain medication and fear avoidance beliefs related to physical activity (both P = 0.02 for interaction). When comparing yoga or PT with self-care, a greater proportion were responders among those using pain meds (OR = 5.3), which differed from those not taking pain meds (OR = 0.94) at baseline. We also found greater treatment response among those with lower (OR = 7.0), but not high (OR = 1.3), fear avoidance beliefs around physical activity.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed important subgroups for whom referral to yoga or PT may improve cLBP outcomes.
Ultrasonographic Findings of the Ulnar Nerve Following Elbow Flexion in Patients with Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Lee Goo Joo , Park Donghwi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the ultrasonographic findings obtained following various degrees of elbow flexion in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS).

Design
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Setting
General teaching hospital, rehabilitation unit.

Subjects
Electrophysiological and ultrasonographic assessments were performed on 11 elbows of healthy controls and 21 elbows of 17 patients with CuTS.

Methods
Dynamic movement of the ulnar nerve during elbow motion was measured. To measure ulnar nerve dynamic movement during elbow motion, the distance from the medial epicondyle (ME) to the nearest surface of the ulnar nerve toward the ME was measured at the cubital tunnel inlet at elbow extension (0°), elbow flexion to 60°, and elbow flexion to 90°.

Results
The distance between the ME and ulnar nerve was lower in CuTS patients than in healthy patients at all elbow flexion angles. This difference was statistically significant at 0° and 60° elbow flexion (P &lt; 0.05). When calculating the cutoff value, the distance between the ME and ulnar nerve at full elbow extension for CuTS diagnosis was 0.53 cm (sensitivity = 71.4%, specificity = 90.7%). The distance ratio between the ME and ulnar nerve for diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow was 24.4% (sensitivity = 76.2%, specificity = 100%).

Conclusion
Measurement of the distance between the ME and ulnar nerve in full elbow extension may facilitate the diagnosis of patients with CuTS. These findings may be important for CuTS diagnosis, as they were also observed in patients with mild-stage CuTS.