bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of genus Hippobosca in Transcaucasia
Authors: Nartshuk Emilia Petrovna , Oboňa Jozef 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The unpublished zoogeographical views of louse flies from genus Hippobosca deposited in Collection of the Zoological institute of Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia from Transcaucasia are summarized. A total 248 deposited samples and one recent sample belonging to species Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 and Hippobosca longipennis Fabricius, 1805 from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Caucasus and north-western Iran are presented.
Is Leather Skirt Designed by Urameselgwa a Symbol of Datooga’s Identity?
Authors: Bihariová Emília 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the context of a traditional women’s wearing component – a leather skirt – on the example of the contemporary semi-nomadic Datooga1 and ideas, imaginations, and myths which this product of material culture represents. Analysis of the researched material composed from the statements of the daily users (married women) as well as the members of the society on example of the Datooga people (Buradiga subgroup) in a particular locality of Igunga district in Tanzania will demonstrate why the leather skirt, linked and designed by women’s deity Urameselgwa, is considered not only as a sign of marriage from the external perspective through outsider’s eyes, but mostly as an identification factor and strong cultural symbol through the Buradiga’s perception. The author explains how Urameselgwa is presented in the daily routine of the Buradiga’ women and which kind of privilege, so unique among East African pastoralists, is given to them by the wearing of the leather skirt transmitted from one generation to the other.
Congenital Absence of Skin on the Right Leg and Nail Abnormalities-Epidermolysis Bullosa or Bart’s Syndrom ?
Authors: Stanojevic Marina , Prokic Katarina Cuković , Savic Dragana , Vuletic Biljana , Stojkovic Andjelka , Knezevic Sanja , Dajic Katerina , Cekovic Jelena , Simovic Aleksandra M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Children born with the epidermolysis bullosa (so-called “butterfly children”) can eat only liquid or soft food due to the blisters on their mouth, tongue and esophagus. Due to their inactivity and permanent wounds, their fingers are curved and grown with a fist. Their eyes, anus and genitals are not spared either. The digestion is usually poor, so they often suffer from the constipation, and sometimes the intestine discharge can be performed only surgically. Due to frequent and numerous wounds, infections may develop, which can lead to sepsis. Wounds are caused by any kind of the pressure and re-bandaging of wounds is the most painful. These children can later be susceptible to other diseases, especially the skin cancer. More than 80% of children diagnosed with this disease become disabled in the first years of their lives, and some of them pass away immediately after birth. The average lifespan of the diseased is about 28 years. Here we have presented a rare case of a newborn male infant with a dystrophic epidermolysis bullousa, a congenital skin aplasia on the right leg and a nail dystrophy. Based on a typical clinical presentation, we think that it is Bart’s syndrome.
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the IDO, HLA-G and PD-L1 expression of breast tumor cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7
Authors: ÖZGÜL ÖZDEMİR Rabia Bilge , ÖZDEMİR Alper Tunga , KIRMAZ Cengiz , TUĞLU Mehmet İbrahim , ŞENOL Özgür , ÖZVEREL Cenk Serhan , BERDELİ Afig 
Published: November 2019

Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are strong immunomodulatory cells and a component of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MSCs derived from adipose tissue on the expressions of immune evasive molecules indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) of breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Methods: For this purpose, MSCs, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured with increased doses of interferon gamma (IFN-g). In another plate, tumor cells were cultured in transwell inserts using the same IFN-g stimulation to evaluate the effect of MSCs. At the end of the culture period, the HLA-G and PD-L1 expression was detected by flow cytometry, and IDO expression by the Luminex method. Results: We found that in low-dose IFN-g stimulation (10 ng/mL), MSCs led to a significant increase in the HLA-G and PD-L1 expression of MCF-7 cells. On the contrary, at a high dose of IFN-g (50 ng/mL), their expression significantly decreased in both tumor cells. In addition, we observed that the IDO expression of MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly increased in the presence of MSCs, but MCF-7 cells were not affected. Conclusion: In conclusion, for MDA-MB-231 cells, MSCs may play a protective role because they reduce the expression of HLA-G and PD-L1 that are involved in the suppression of cytotoxic cells and exhaustion of T cells. On the other hand, MSCs may be an important source of high IDO levels, and therefore may negatively affect the antitumor immune response. However, our data should be supported by further studies.
An effective minimal invasive method in pilonidal sinus surgery: Sinusotomy
Authors: KARABAY Önder 
Published: November 2019

Aim: Pilonidal sinus is a common disease. Postoperative pain, limitation of movement, return to daily routine and recurrence are major problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of patients operated with sinusotomy for pilonidal sinus disease. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively between 2016 and 2019 in patients treated with sinusotomy for pilonidal sinus disease. Data of 83 patients who underwent sinusotomy were reviewed with hospital records. Age, sex, symptom duration, pit count, operation time, postoperative 2nd day VAS pain score and recurrence rates were evaluated.Results: 78 (94%) patients were male and 5 (6%) were female. The mean age was 26.6 (15-42) years and the mean symptom duration was 4.6 (1-20) months. Mean pit count was 3.2 (1-13), mean operative time was 9.1(5-21) minutes, mean VAS pain score was 0.6 (0-2) on the second day. Mean healing time was 4.01 (2-11) weeks. Recurrence was observed in 2 patients (2.4%). Conclusion: Sinusotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive method that may be used in pilonidal sinus surgery. However, comparative prospective studies with other techniques are needed.
Multi-Level System of Indicators on the Activity of Innovative Technology Parks in the Sectors of Information and Knowledge Economy
Authors: Aliyev Alovsat G. , Shahverdiyeva Roza O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews the issues of multi-level system of indicators on the activity of innovative technology parks in the sectors of information and knowledge economy. The economic system of developed and developing countries is primarily based on natural and material resources. At the next stage of development, a new innovative economy based on information, knowledge, and ICT is formed through the resource advantages. In such conditions, the main economic development growth is realized in innovative technoparks. The foundations of scientific and methodological development of composite indicator system are explored, in this regard. The stages of development of hierarchical indicators system, requirements posed to them, their generalized composition and content are shown. Main group of indicators characterizing the activity of technology parks separately and its relevant function are defined. A system of multi-level composite indicators integratively reflects the main level and the lower levels coming after it. Indicators system includes the main composite index and 10 sub-indices of technoparks. Composite index contains sub-indices of significance and scalability, infrastructure and information provision, favorable business environment, investment-financial reserves and material-technical resources, innovative potential, activeness and environment, human resources and professional staff training, scientific-research, experimental developments and innovative projects, innovation products and services, effective management and creative results, socioecological development. The study presents the stages of successive formation of indicators and variables upon which main indices and sub-indices of technology parks functionally depend. Directions of future research are identified on the basis of indicators.
Learn and Work in the 21st Century. A Review of Employability Models for HE Graduates: Different Levels of Analysis
Authors: Butum Lavinia Cornelia , Nicolescu Luminiţa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcademic literature recognizes that knowledge is universal and higher education, as the main provider of knowledge and competences, is all the more not constrained by borders. In this regard, meeting the demand for competences is also challenging especially for the graduates of the 21st century who are confronted with the rapid changes of fourth industrial era economies. We propose a systematic literature review on increasing the employability of HE graduates by selecting relevant studies that analyze the employers, graduates and educators’ perceptions of the employability skills for graduates. Also our investigation includes an analysis of existing graduates’ employability models and proposes a comprehensive extension of these models considering the factors that have implication in increasing the employability. Thus, starting from reviewing the literature on employability on three levels of investigation: HE institutions, policy makers and employers and considering the selected employability models that propose a better design for curricula, our study will continue with creating an integrated employability model that takes into account all the factors identified on employability literature on each level (or main actors that have influence on employability and determine new requirements): HE institutions, policy makers and employers. This approach aims to identify on one hand the necessary skills and competences for increasing HE graduates’ employability in order to reduce the gap between demand and supply of competences on labor market and on the other hand to identify and understand the factors of impact on employability of HE graduates in order to find solutions for achieving employability skills by curricula.
Consumer Decisions toward Fashion Product Shopping in Indonesia: The effects of Attitude, Perception of Ease of Use, Usefulness, and Trust
Authors: Suleman Dede , Zuniarti Ida , Sabil  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and trust in the attitudes and decisions of shopping for online fashion products. This study used purposive sampling in the survey method with a sample of 70 respondents from the city of Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that perceived ease of use has no effect on consumer purchasing decisions. While the factors of perceived usefulness and trust are factors that significantly influence consumers’ decisions to shop online. The results of this study are used as a reference for entrepreneurs who conduct online marketing to increase their attention to trust and usability factors because this is what concerns consumers in their purchasing decisions, especially fashion products.
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Understudy Programs: The Case of the Roads Authority Namibia
Authors: Kasika Chalwa Gladys , Dangarembizi Fanuel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is a lack of effective, comprehensive understudy training programs in the Roads Authority (RA) of Namibia, compounded by a lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms of such programs. Minimal research has been done on the topic of understudy programs and knowledge transfer in Namibia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the implementation of the RA’s understudy programs and their management and determine the extent to which expatriates comply with the understudy policies. This study adopted a mixed research approach. Data for the study were obtained through face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The motive behind this choice was the need to communicate only with those with experience as mentors or who have been appointed as understudies in the Roads Authority (RA). The overall findings established that the effectiveness of the understudy program was hampered by a lack of commitment, awareness and communication, and a lack of personal growth and development opportunities. In addition, the study revealed conflicting roles in work situations due to incompatible work programs, and scheduling of the program. It is recommended that RA devise formal training programs for understudies appointed to understudy expatriates and ensure that those are strictly enforced. The program should include tacit on-the-job knowledge transfer which is monitored by management on a regular basis. The program should be tailored to suit the employees’ training needs. In addition, regular information sessions should be conducted in order to sensitize all parties involved concerning the understudy policy and Affirmative Action Act, No.28 of 1998.
The Effect of Foreign Debt on the Economic Growth of Nigeria
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Alpheaus Ogechi Eberechi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the effect of foreign debt on the economic growth of Nigeria. Data for the study are collected from the World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The variables on which data are sourced include nominal gross domestic product, foreign debt stock, foreign debt servicing, inflation rate, and exchange rate. Nominal gross domestic product is the dependent variable while foreign debt stock and foreign debt servicing are the major explanatory variables. Inflation and exchange rates are used as the control variables. The scope of the study covers the period from 1997 to 2017 and data are analyzed using the ordinary least squares regression technique. The regression results indicate that foreign debt exerts a significant negative influence on economic growth while foreign debt servicing has a strong and significant positive impact on economic growth. The other factors are insignificant in explaining economic growth under this scenario. Thus, the study recommends a more purposeful borrowing pattern and revenue generation through profitable capital investments as the remedy for a foreign debt crisis in the country. The study also suggests a revival of abandoned industries as a more effective way of reducing foreign borrowing, creating employment opportunities and alleviating poverty in the country.
Challenges for Banking Services in the Knowledge Economy
Authors: Hadad Shahrazad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we have covered many of the roles that banks play in the financial system. Banks act as delegated monitors that ensure that economic agents allocate their resources effectively, thus leading to the sustainable development of entrepreneurship. Moreover, they also play an important role in sharing risks in the economy and protecting economic agents against market fluctuations through various means such as financial derivatives. These are the positive aspects of the roles of banks, but it should be noted that the way banks act to ensure an acceptable rate of return can cause fragility and instability throughout the financial system. In fact, banks are most often at the center of financial crises, as in the case of the global financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007. Banks may even contribute to spreading the negative effects of these financial crises because small shocks can have major effects on the financial system and economy. Banks also play an important role by facilitating the access of economic agents to financing and contributing to the development of the economy. In addition, they are important for good corporate governance, especially in countries such as Germany where bankers hold positions on the boards of private companies and can represent more shareholders in voting decisions.
Тувинская Народная Республика накануне вхождения в состав СССР глазами советского дипломата
Authors: Отрощенко Иванна Витальевна 
Published: November 2019

В статье исследуется ряд резонансных аспектов политической истории Тувинской Народной Республики накануне ее присоединения к Советскому Союзу. Дневниковые записи поверенного в делах СССР в ТНР М. Г. Сущевского (1942–1943) позволяют, в частности, проанализировать ранний, подготовительный этап этого процесса и локализировать хронологическую дату, с которой советское руководство начало прорабатывать этот вопрос, — 18 марта 1943 г. Уделяется внимание и другим явлениям общественно-политической жизни ТНР, связанным с принятием тувинской элитой решения о присоединении к СССР, таким как деятельность государственных органов (Малого хурала), политические репрессии, которые продолжались в республике и в 1940-е гг.Освещаются вопросы эмиграции тувинских аратов в МНР и принудительное переселение этнических тувинцев из Монголии в Туву 1930–1940-х гг. Рассматривается вопрос о границе, который с начала 1930-х гг. стал ключевым в отношениях между МНР и ТНР и оставался таким до вхождения Тувы в состав СССР в октябре 1944 года.Исследование опирается в том числе на неопубликованные «Дневники поверенного в Делах СССР в ТНР т.т. Сущевского и Бударина». 10.12.1942–30.11.1943», которые хранятся в Архиве внешней политики Российской Федерации, в фонде 06 «Секретариат В. М. Молотова».
Mirror meningioma at foramen magnum: Enigma in management of a very rare case
Authors: Kumar Anil , Konar Subhas , Hussain Nighat , Chaturvedi Jitender 
Published: November 2019

Background:
We report a very rare case of bilateral foramen magnum mirror meningioma and discuss difficulties in managing the surgical challenge. To the best of our knowledge, mirror foramen magnum meningioma (FMM) has been reported only once in literature. FMMs are rare and also a great challenge for neurosurgeons due to the complex anatomy of this area. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the rare occurrence of bilateral meningioma in the foramen magnum and the difficulties in managing the surgical challenge.

Case Description:
A case of a 45-year-old female presented with neck pain, paresthesia in all four limbs, and difficulty in walking for 1 year duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed well-defined lobulated dural based mass lesion at foramen magnum on both sides. The left vertebral artery (VA) was encased within the lesion while the right VA was seen abutting it. Tumor was resected gross totally on the right side. However, during the resection of the medial part of the left side tumor, it was found to be adhered to the VA. Since the mass was adherent to the left VA, subtotal resection was done.

Conclusion:
There is no single best surgical approach for FMMs and the optimal approach should be defined according to the localization and the extent of the tumor to minimize the extent of resultant morbidity. Although complete excision of the tumor is the aim of surgery, it is safer to leave portions of tumor that is adherent to critical structures which can be managed by Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
Acute presentation of spinal gouty arthritis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Akhter Asad S. , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Grossbach Andrew J. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that results from faulty purine metabolism, affecting approximately 4% of adults in the US, and predominately affects people in the fourth decade of life. Further, spinal gout is rarely the first presentation of gout, especially in younger individuals.

Case Description:
A 26-year-old male came to the emergency room with acute lower extremity numbness and weakness. The MR demonstrated an enhancing epidural lesion at T6–T8 in the mid-thoracic spine. He subsequently underwent a decompressive laminectomy and fusion at levels T6–T9, resulting in full recovery 1 year later. The pathology demonstrated needle-like monosodium urate crystals consistent with the diagnosis of spinal gouty arthritis.

Conclusion:
Gout rarely initially presents in a young adult in the spine. Here, we reviewed the case of spinal gout in a 26-year-old male who successfully underwent spinal surgery.
Arap aydınlarının despotizm / istibdat meselesine bakışına dair bir örnek: Despotizmin Doğası / Köleliğin İflası – İsti’battan İstibdata, Abdurrahman El-Kevâkibî
Authors: KOÇ Mehmet Akif 
Published: November 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılışının artık mukadder hale
geldiği son yarım yüzyıllık devresinde, dört ana cereyanın yıkımdan kurtuluş
reçetesi olarak toplumun ve elitlerin önüne konulduğu genellikle bilinen ve
kabul gören bir husustur. Bu çözüm yolları kabaca, Türkleşme, İslamlaşma,
Osmanlıcılık ve Batıcılık olarak tasnif edilir. Dönemin İslami hassasiyeti yüksek
aydınları, çoğunlukla İslamlaşma ve Osmanlıcılık üst şemsiyesi altında
değerlendirilebilecek görüşler ileri sürmüş, bilhassa Arap aydınlarda ise
İslamcılık eğilimi daha gözle görünür bir çizgi takip etmiştir. Topluma kurtuluş
reçetesi sunduğu diğer kitaplarındaki çizgisine paralel şekilde, öncelikle ve
önemle despotizm / istibdat düşüncesiyle mücadeleyi ön plana çıkaran
Abdurrahman el-Kevâkibî de bu buhranlı dönemde yaşamış ve eserlerini vermiş bir
Arap entelektüelidir. Kevâkibî’nin yaklaşık bir asır önce despotizme
dair ortaya koyduğu fikirler ve devrimci yaklaşım, insan ve toplum
dinamiklerinin derin dönüşümlere uğradığı günümüzde de önemini halen muhafaza
etmektedir. Çağdaş Arap düşüncesinde artık klasik kaynaklar arasında kabul edilen
Tabâiü’l-İstibdâd ve Mesâirü’l-İsti’bâd, Osmanlı’nın son döneminde Arap
aydınlarının İstanbul’a bakışına dair tarihsel bir vesika olmanın ötesinde; Arap
Baharı sürecindeki halk hareketlerinin sosyolojik dinamiklerini anlamak ve Arap
toplumlarının sosyo-politik hususiyetlerini yakından görebilmek açısından da
ışık tutucu bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
RANCANG BANGUN AWAL MESIN LAS GTAW SEMI OTOMATIS UNTUK PENGELASAN PLAT BAJA
Authors: Hadi Mukhammad Alaya Fadllu , Setyoko Bambang , . Murni , Amiruddin Muhammad , Abdillah Kevin Kusumo , Utama Rizki Saputra 
Published: November 2019

Proses pengelasan GTAW banyak digunakan untuk industri makanan, pressure vessel,pesawat terbang maintenance dan manufaktur. Parameter-parameter pengelasan GTAWoptimal merupakan salah satu faktor utama untuk menghasilkan lasan yang baik. Akantetapi pada pengelasan manual Beberapa masalah yang timbul pada pengelasan adalahperbedaan tingkat keahlian operator las serta perubahan kondisi fisik dan psikis operatorlas. Tujuan utama rancang bangun ini adalah membuat desain, manufaktur mesin lasGTAW semiotomatis dapat bekerja dengan baik. Ujicoba pengelasan kemudiandievaluasi menggunakan metode visual. Rancang bangun ini terdapat 3 sistem yaitu sistem pengelasan, Sistem Monitoring, Kontrol dan Penggerak Pengelasan GTAW, sistem feeder kawat las(Gambar 3.2 ). Rangka berupa meja ukuran 1x1 m dan terbuat dariprofil hollow baja karbon rendah. Hasil pengujian mesin las dapat bekerja dengan baik.Hasil uji coba pengelasan menunjukkan bahwa .