bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of perioperative risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures
Authors: Wu Linqin , Cheng Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Clinical characteristics, anticoagulant protocols, and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures were analyzed throughout the perioperative period to provide references for early identification and optimization of risk factors.

Methods
This was a retrospective study. A total of 569 patients undergoing surgery of femoral and pelvic fractures from May 2018 to December 2019 were included.
The clinical data including general conditions, trauma, surgery, anticoagulant protocols, and laboratory indexes were collected. According to the results of deep vein Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremities, the patients were divided into non-DVT group and DVT group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors of preoperative and postoperative DVT.

Results
The incidence of DVT was 40.25% and preoperative DVT was 26.71%, which was higher than the incidence of postoperative DVT of 17.22%. Most of them were thrombus on the affected side (60.26%) and distal thrombus (81.66%). The average time of DVT formation was 6.55 ± 0.47 days after trauma and 6.67 ± 0.48 days after surgery. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anemia, hypoproteinemia, non-anticoagulation before surgery, delayed anticoagulation after trauma and admission, high-energy trauma, multiple injuries, drinking history, and advanced age were independent risk factors for perioperative DVT. The increased level of fibrinogen degradation products was an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT. These risk factors were identified to be independently associated with postoperative DVT, including intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative blood transfusion, pulmonary infection, preoperative non-anticoagulation, postoperative delayed anticoagulation, preoperative waiting time > 7 days, operative time > 2 h, c-reactive protein, fibrinogen level, platelet count 1 day after surgery, c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin levels 3 days after surgery, comminuted fracture.

Conclusions
At present, anticoagulation and other DVT prevention and treatment programs have not changed the current situation that the incidence of DVT is still high. Through the analysis of the risk factors of DVT throughout the perioperative period, optimizing the perioperative blood transfusion, preoperative lung disease, hypoproteinemia, anemia, inflammation, etc., and surgery as soon as possible after trauma may further reduce its incidence.
Anakinra treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors:   the RCI-COVID-19 Study Group, Kooistra Emma J. , Waalders Nicole J. B. , Grondman Inge , Janssen Nico A. F. , de Nooijer Aline H. , Netea Mihai G. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Ewalds Esther , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients develop a hyperinflammatory state. Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, is known to be effective in several hyperinflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of anakinra on inflammatory parameters and clinical outcomes in critically ill, mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with clinical features of hyperinflammation.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 21 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with anakinra were compared to a group of standard care. Serial data of clinical inflammatory parameters and concentrations of multiple circulating cytokines were determined and aligned on start day of anakinra in the treatment group, and median start day of anakinra in the control group. Analysis was performed for day − 10 to + 10 relative to alignment day. Clinical outcomes were analyzed during 28 days. Additionally, three sensitivity analyses were performed: (1) using propensity score-matched groups, (2) selecting patients who did not receive corticosteroids, and (3) using a subset of the control group aimed to match the criteria (fever, elevated ferritin) for starting anakinra treatment.

Results
Baseline patient characteristics and clinical parameters on ICU admission were similar between groups. As a consequence of bias by indication, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) (p = 0.0002), ferritin (p = 0.009), and temperature (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the anakinra group on alignment day. Following treatment, no relevant differences in kinetics of circulating cytokines were observed between both groups. Decreases of clinical parameters, including temperature (p = 0.03), white blood cell counts (p = 0.02), and plasma levels of ferritin (p = 0.003), procalcitonin (p = 0.001), creatinine (p = 0.01), and bilirubin (p = 0.007), were more pronounced in the anakinra group. No differences in duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay were observed between groups. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results.

Conclusions
Anakinra is effective in reducing clinical signs of hyperinflammation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to draw conclusion about the effects of anakinra on clinical outcomes.
Effects of whole body vibration exercise on lumbar-abdominal muscles activation for patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Dong Yulin , Wang Huifang , Zhu Yan , Chen Binglin , Zheng Yili , Liu Xiaochen , Qiao Jun , Wang Xueqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Whole body vibration (WBV) training as an intervention method can cure chronic low back pain (CLBP). Different WBV parameters exert different effects on lumbar-abdominal muscle performance. Currently, there is a lack of study researched the influence of WBV training on patients with CLBP by lumbar–abdominal muscle activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how WBV and exercise and their interactions influence lumbar-abdominal muscle activity in patients with CLBP.

Methods
a group of ambulatory patients with chronic low back pain. Muscle activities of the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), abdominal oblique externus muscle (AOE) and the rectus abdominis muscle (RA) were measured by surface electromyography, whereas participants performed 4 different exercises (single bridge, plank, side stay and V crunch) during three whole body vibration conditions and a no-vibration condition in a single experimental session.

Results
Compared with the same exercises without whole body vibration, muscle activity increased when whole body vibration was added to the exercises. MF; the WBV frequency (P = 0.002,) and exercise (P < 0.001) presented significant effects on the root mean square of MF, whereas exercise * frequency (P = 0.044) also resulted in significant interaction effects. ES: the significant differences were detected at WBV frequency (P < 0.001), exercise (P < 0.001), the interaction effect of exercise and frequency (P = 0.225) was no significant. RA: the significant difference was detected at WBV frequency (P = 0.018), the effect of exercise (P = 0.590) and the exercise * frequency interaction (P = 0.572) were no significant. AOE: the significant difference was detected at WBV frequency (P < 0.001), the effect of exercise (P = 0.152) and the exercise * frequency interaction (P = 0.380) were no significant.

Conclusion
Adding whole body vibration to exercise could increase muscle activation of lumbar–abdominal muscle in patients with CLBP. The optimum frequency for lumbar–abdominal muscles is 15 Hz. The best exercises include plank for multifidus and erector spinae, V crunch for rectus abdominis and single bridge for abdominal oblique externus.

Clinical registration
Trial registration: ChiCTR-TRC-13003708. Registered 19 October 2013.

The code of ethical approval
2014008.
Evaluation of image quality with four positron emitters and three preclinical PET/CT systems
Authors: Teuho Jarmo , Riehakainen Leon , Honkaniemi Aake , Moisio Olli , Han Chunlei , Tirri Marko , Liu Shihao , Grönroos Tove J. , Liu Jie , Wan Lin , Liang Xiao , Ling Yiqing , Hua Yuexuan , Roivainen Anne , Knuuti Juhani , Xie Qingguo , Teräs Mika , D’Ascenzo Nicola , Klén Riku 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
We investigated the image quality of 11C, 68Ga, 18F and 89Zr, which have different positron fractions, physical half-lifes and positron ranges. Three small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems were used in the evaluation, including the Siemens Inveon, RAYCAN X5 and Molecubes β-cube. The evaluation was performed on a single scanner level using the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) image quality phantom and analysis protocol. Acquisitions were performed with the standard NEMA protocol for 18F and using a radionuclide-specific acquisition time for 11C, 68Ga and 89Zr. Images were assessed using percent recovery coefficient (%RC), percentage standard deviation (%STD), image uniformity (%SD), spill-over ratio (SOR) and evaluation of image quantification.

Results
68Ga had the lowest %RC (< 62%) across all systems. 18F had the highest maximum %RC (> 85%) and lowest %STD for the 5 mm rod across all systems. For 11C and 89Zr, the maximum %RC was close (> 76%) to the %RC with 18F. A larger SOR were measured in water with 11C and 68Ga compared to 18F on all systems. SOR in air reflected image reconstruction and data correction performance. Large variation in image quantification was observed, with maximal errors of 22.73% (89Zr, Inveon), 17.54% (89Zr, RAYCAN) and − 14.87% (68Ga, Molecubes).

Conclusions
The systems performed most optimal in terms of NEMA image quality parameters when using 18F, where 11C and 89Zr performed slightly worse than 18F. The performance was least optimal when using 68Ga, due to large positron range. The large quantification differences prompt optimization not only by terms of image quality but also quantification. Further investigation should be performed to find an appropriate calibration and harmonization protocol and the evaluation should be conducted on a multi-scanner and multi-center level.
Sustainable livelihood approach for assessing the impacts of slaughterhouses on livelihood strategies among pastoralists in Kenya
Authors: Gichure Josphat Njenga , Njeru Sarah Kangai , Mathi Pius Mwangi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe social, physical, financial, natural, and human dimensions within slaughterhouses have taken a central position in diversifying livelihoods among pastoralists in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) in Kenya. There is a need to expound on the literature about these dimensions and assess how they impact on livelihood strategies and outcomes. This research aimed to bring out how these dimensions impact livelihood strategies among Kenyan pastoralists using the sustainable livelihood approach. Qualitative data was collected from four counties in Kenya’s ASALs predominantly inhabited by pastoralists, using focus group discussions, and narratives Observations were analysed using the RQDA package within the R statistical computing environment. The results revealed increasingly diversified social-economic activities, value addition of slaughter by-products, better rangeland management, and diversified diets. Gender, age, and roles significantly (P < 0.01) influenced the extent of diversification. Diversified social-economic activities and value addition directly impacted food security through increased utilization of slaughter by-products, provision of an alternative livelihood source, and better resilience during calamities. To conclude, social, economic, and human activities were central in diversified and advanced pastoral livelihoods.
Protracted viral shedding and viral load are associated with ICU mortality in Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Bitker L. , Dhelft F. , Chauvelot L. , Frobert E. , Folliet L. , Mezidi M. , Trouillet-Assant S. , Belot A. , Lina B. , Wallet F. , Richard J. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundProtracted viral shedding is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and up to 40% display signs of pulmonary fibrosis on computed tomography (CT) after hospital discharge. We hypothesized that COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) who die in intensive care units (ICU) have a lower viral clearance in the respiratory tract than ICU patients discharged alive, and that protracted viral shedding in respiratory samples is associated with patterns of fibroproliferation on lung CT. We, therefore, conducted a retrospective observational study, in 2 ICU of Lyon university hospital.Results129 patients were included in the study, of whom 44 (34%) died in ICU. 432 RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were performed and 137 CT scans were analyzed. Viral load was significantly higher in patients deceased as compared to patients alive at ICU discharge (p < 0.001), after adjustment for the site of viral sampling and RT-PCR technique. The median time to SARS-CoV-2 negativation on RT-PCR was 19 days [CI95 %:15–21] in patients alive at ICU discharge and 26 days [CI95 %:17-infinity] in non-survivors at ICU discharge. Competitive risk regression identified patients who died in ICU and age as independent risk factors for longer time to SARS-CoV-2 negativation on RT-PCR, while antiviral treatment was independently associated with shorter time. None of the CT scores exploring fibroproliferation (i.e., bronchiectasis and reticulation scores) were significantly associated with time to SARS-CoV-2 negativation.ConclusionsViral load in respiratory samples is significantly lower and viral shedding significantly shorter in ICU survivors of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure. Protracted viral shedding is unrelated to occurrence of fibrosis on lung CT.
Adherence to personal protective equipment use among healthcare workers caring for confirmed COVID-19 and alleged non-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Neuwirth Meike M. , Mattner Frauke , Otchwemah Robin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdherence observations of health care workers (HCW) revealed deficiencies in the use of recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) among HCW caring in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards during the first period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a university hospital in Germany. The adherence to wearing surgical face or FFP2-masks and disinfecting hands prior to donning and after doffing the PPE was significantly higher in COVID-19 wards However, there was no total adherence of 100% in COVID-19 wards.
Structural Performance of PC Double Beam–Column Connection Under Gravity and Seismic Loading
Authors: Baek Jang-Woon , Kang Su-Min , Kim Tae-Ho , Kim Jin-Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, as a new precast concrete (PC) construction method for increasing economy and constructability, the PC double-beam system has been developed for factories or logistic centers, where construction duration is particularly important. In this study, half-scaled PC double beam–column connection was tested under gravity loading and cyclic lateral loading. The major test parameters included the use of the spliced PC column and the addition of reinforcement at the beam–column joint. In the gravity loading test, the flexural behavior of the PC double beam was investigated. The test results showed satisfactory flexural capacity at the PC double-beam section, validating the composite action between the PC and RC members. In the cyclic lateral loading test, the seismic performance of the PC double beam–column connection was investigated. Based on the test results, the failure mode, load-carrying capacity, deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity, secant stiffness, and shear strength of the PC double-beam system were evaluated and compared with those of a conventional RC double beam–column connection. According to the test results, the structural performance of the PC double beam–column connection was comparable to that of the RC double beam–column connection and satisfied the acceptance criteria of moment frame in the ACI 374.1-05 provision.
Estrogen-related receptor alpha directly binds to p53 and cooperatively controls colon cancer growth through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function
Authors: De Vitto Humberto , Ryu Joohyun , Calderon-Aparicio Ali , Monts Josh , Dey Raja , Chakraborty Abhijit , Lee Mee-Hyun , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Of the genes that control mitochondrial biogenesis and function, ERRα emerges as a druggable metabolic target to be exploited for cancer therapy. Of the genes mutated in cancer, TP53 remains the most elusive to target. A clear understanding of how mitochondrial druggable targets can be accessed to exploit the underlying mechanism(s) explaining how p53-deficient tumors promote cell survival remains elusive.

Methods
We performed protein-protein interaction studies to demonstrate that ERRα binds to p53. Moreover, we used gene silencing and pharmacological approaches in tandem with quantitative proteomics analysis by SWATH-MS to investigate the role of the ERRα/p53 complex in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in colon cancer. Finally, we designed in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the possibility of targeting colon cancers that exhibit defects in p53.

Results
Here, we are the first to identify a direct protein-protein interaction between the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ERRα and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of p53. ERRα binds to p53 regardless of p53 mutational status. Furthermore, we show that the ERRα and p53 complex cooperatively control mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Targeting ERRα creates mitochondrial metabolic stresses, such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), leading to a greater cytotoxic effect that is dependent on the presence of p53. Pharmacological inhibition of ERRα impairs the growth of p53-deficient cells and of p53 mutant patient-derived colon xenografts (PDX).

Conclusions
Therefore, our data suggest that by using the status of the p53 protein as a selection criterion, the ERRα/p53 transcriptional axis can be exploited as a metabolic vulnerability.
Perceived barriers and enablers to physical activity participation in people with Alopecia Areata: a constructivist grounded theory study
Authors: Rajoo Yamuna , Wong J. , Raj I. S. , Kennedy G. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that is characterised by hair loss. Individuals diagnosed with it often describe feelings of trauma and social rejection due to cosmetic repercussions and are at high risk of experiencing psychological distress. Physical activity (PA) participation has been associated with better mental health outcomes in diverse populations. A preliminary study of individuals with AA indicated that severe hair loss is associated with symptomatic depression, anxiety and stress, which negatively impacted PA participation. While strategies to increase PA participation in the general population have been established, little is known about PA participation in people with AA. This study aimed to understand barriers and enablers to PA participation in people with AA to inform the development of evidence-based interventions.

Methods
The study used a grounded theory (GT) methodology, relying on an iterative and simultaneous process of data collection, coding, theory development, and data comparisons to explore the perceived barriers and enablers to PA. Data were collected through a focus group (8 participants [33.38 ± 10.81 years]) and individual telephone interviews (8 participants [33.89 ± 11.87 years]). The study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Interview data were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim and analysed. Recruitment continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

Results
The constructivist grounded theory method used has assisted to develop an explanatory model which is used to explain the themes for barriers and enablers to PA participation. The four phases in the explanatory model are as follows (1) onset of AA; (2) reaction towards the condition; (3) adjustment; and (4) acceptance.

Conclusion
The findings highlighted perceived barriers and enablers to PA participation in people with AA. Future interventions could consider addressing these barriers specifically to maximise effectiveness and to improve mental health status based on the phases of the explanatory model.
Volumetric changes in edentulous alveolar ridge sites utilizing guided bone regeneration and a custom titanium ridge augmentation matrix (CTRAM): a case series study
Authors: Hofferber Craig E. , Beck J. Cameron , Liacouras Peter C. , Wessel Jeffrey R. , Getka Thu P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volumetric changes in partially edentulous alveolar ridges augmented with customized titanium ridge augmentation matrices (CTRAM), freeze-dried bone allograft, and a resorbable collagen membrane.

Methods
A pre-surgical cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was obtained for CTRAM design/fabrication and to evaluate pre-surgical ridge dimensions. Ridge augmentation surgery using CTRAM, freeze-dried bone allograft, and a resorbable collagen membrane was performed at each deficient site. Clinical measurements of the area of augmentation were made at the time of CTRAM placement and re-entry, and a 2nd CBCT scan 7 months after graft placement was used for volumetric analysis. Locations of each CTRAM in situ were also compared to their planned positions. Re-entry surgery and implant placement was performed 8 months after CTRAM placement.

Results
Nine subjects were treated with CTRAM and freeze-dried bone allograft. Four out of the nine patients enrolled (44.4%) experienced premature CTRAM exposure during healing, and in two of these cases, CTRAM were removed early. Early exposure did not result in total graft failure in any case. Mean volumetric bone gain was 85.5 ± 30.9% of planned augmentation volume (61.3 ± 33.6% in subjects with premature CTRAM exposure vs. 104.9% for subjects without premature exposure, p = 0.03). Mean horizontal augmentation (measured clinically) was 3.02 mm, and vertical augmentation 2.86 mm. Mean surgical positional deviation of CTRAM from the planned location was 1.09 mm.

Conclusion
The use of CTRAM in conjunction with bone graft and a collagen membrane resulted in vertical and horizontal bone gain suitable for implant placement.