bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography and ultrasonography in detecting periapical lesions using periapical radiography as a gold standard
Authors: Arslan Zeynep Betül , Demir Hilal , Berker Yıldız Dila , Yaşar Füsun 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of imaging techniques in diagnosing periapical lesions. Methods: Imaging records of 80 patients (51 females, 29 males, aged between 14 and 75 years) including periapical and panoramic radiographs and ultrasonographic images were selected from databases of Selcuk University Dentistry Faculty. Periapical radiographs were accepted as gold-standard and 160 anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth with or without periapical lesion were included to the study. Three specialist observers (dental radiologists) evaluated the presence and appearance of periapical lesions on panoramic radiograph and ultrasonographic images. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic value of panoramic radiographs and ultrasonography were determined. Results: Sensitivity was 0.80 and 0.77 for ultrasonographic images and panoramic radiographs, respectively which shows that periapical lesion was correctly detected in 80% of the cases with ultrasound and in 77% of the cases with panoramic radiography. Specificity values were determined as 0.97 for ultrasound and 0.95 for panoramic radiography. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.86 and 0.84 for ultrasound and panoramic radiography, respectively. Conclusions: Periapical and panoramic radiographs are commonly used to visualize periapical lesions. Besides, ultrasonography is an alternative method to digital radiographic techniques in the diagnosis of anterior teeth with periapical lesions.
Available markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney cancer
Authors: Szumna Klaudia Daria , Madras Dominika Katarzyna , Piędel Faustyna , Jasielski Patryk Piotr , Rocka Agata Agnieszka 
Published: May 2020

Introduction and purpose:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer that has no symptoms for a long time. It is most often diagnosed accidentally during abdominal ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography, performed primarily due to non-specific clinical symptoms. Despite progress in treatment, late detection is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of the study is to analyze literature (database PubMed) for potential prognostic markers and those used in RCC diagnostics.A brief description of the state of knowledge: The most common RCC subtype is clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC). Metastatic ccRCC is associated with poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of ccRCC includes, among others, disorders of miRNA change. These molecules are described as a promising marker of both diagnostic and prognostic. Detection of CD163 + antigen on cancer cells may be useful in assessing the clinical course of ccRCC patients. In clinical diagnosis of RCC, the presence of mutations and epigenetic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CIAX) genes are particularly important. Plasma CIAX levels are described as not only a diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also lymph node involvement. There are studies on molecular markers that can also be a therapeutic target, including Caveolin-1 (CAV1), CCL5. Recent research results show a link between PDL1 expression and high-grade tumors. PDL-1 may also be an important prognostic factor.Conclusions:Research on molecular markers is a promising personalized diagnostic and prognostic route. The limitation is the nonspecificity of molecular markers, so research on new and current markers is needed.
Educational and cultural aspects of the activities of sports associations in Poland in the interwar period
Authors: Kędzia Piotr 
Published: May 2020

Sports associations in the interwar period were active in many areas of social life. One of the basic goals they pursued was the training of players who taking active part in various competitions and sports competitions, fought for the highest positions and trophies. However, there were also such organizations whose work went beyond sports competition, focusing also on multidirectional educational and cultural activities. These associations, through special sections, as well as various forms of non-sport activities organized a series of self-education, training, artistic and tourist activities et al. The implementation of these activities, both in the field of sport, as well as in the field of culture and education, raised the prestige of associations among the local community, expanded their leisure activities, liberated social instincts and created a kind of myth [5, p. 127]. Thanks to such initiatives, members expanded their knowledge, developed skills and interests, and as a consequence became more enlightened and conscious citizens-athletes. This diversity of socio-cultural impact also had a direct impact on the formation of personality. Sports organizations as educational environments shaped the character of young sport adepts, shaping prosocial, pro-health and prosomatic attitudes.
Shareholder Wealth Effects of Modern Slavery Regulation
Authors: Cousins Paul , Dutordoir Marie , Lawson Benn , Neto João Quariguasi Frota 
Published: May 2020

We examine the shareholder wealth effects of the adoption of the UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 (MSA). The MSA’s Transparency in Supply Chains clause introduced new reporting requirements mandating certain firms to provide an annual statement outlining how they identify and mitigate modern slavery in their business and supply chain. An event study of stock price reactions of UK firms covered by the MSA to eight events associated with its adoption provides no evidence of abnormal stock returns. We do, however, uncover significant cross-sectional differences in stock price reactions, with results suggesting that the MSA provides a competitive advantage to firms with a demonstrated track record of addressing slavery risk. We find no effects for preregulatory corporate social responsibility disclosure levels on stock price reactions. Our findings highlight the economic value of maintaining socially responsible sourcing practices and inform the current policy debate on the importance of greater transparency in corporate supply chains.This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Informed Trading Reactions to New Private Information: Evidence from Nonpublic Merger Negotiations
Authors: Heitzman Shane , Klasa Sandy 
Published: May 2020

Theory provides competing predictions on whether informed investors immediately trade on newly generated private information. We address this question using Securities and Exchange Commission–mandated disclosures to identify the dates when new private information about target or acquiring firm value is created. We find that informed investors immediately trade on new private information in both the stock and options markets. Next, we investigate which factors drive the speed of these investors’ trading reactions to newly generated private information. We show that cross-sectional variation in the speed of their trading reactions can be explained by the number of privately informed investors, institutional ownership, the expected profits from informed trading and associated risk of attracting the attention of enforcement agencies, and the existence of public information about the acquisition deal. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
D-shaped silicon core fiber-based surface plasmon-resonance refractive index sensor in 2  µm
Authors: Yu Yi-Lin , Laiw Shien-Kuei , Kishikawa Hiroki , Goto Nobuo 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a D-shaped silicon core fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance within the 2 µm range. Au layer coating on the D-shaped side-face of silicon core fiber acts as a plasmonic active metal. By using the limited element methods, the sensing properties of the proposed sensor are investigated, and an average sensitivity up to 2650 nm/RIU with a resolution of

3.776

×

10

−
5

R
I
U

is obtained for the analyte of different refractive indices varies from 1.25 to 1.6. In the investigated simulation, we used real parameters of liquid (e.g.,

C
H

4

liquid and

C
H
B
r

3

) in our simulations for being closer to reality. In addition, the Au coating layer and analyte are placed on the D-shaped side-face of the proposed fiber sensor; hence, this structure does not need to fill the voids. Thus, it is easy to fabricate and put to use. Also, the wavelength band in 2 µm is far from the optical communication band, which means the proposed sensor could be connected with a fiber network without any influence and crosstalk.
6.5  m telescope for multi-object spectroscopy over a 3° field of view
Authors: Eads Ryker , Angel Roger 
Published: May 2020

Multi-object spectroscopy via independently positioned optical fibers is of growing importance in many research areas in astronomy. Currently the most powerful instrument of this type is the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), now being commissioned at the 3.8 m Mayall telescope. It has a 3.2° field of view where spectra of 5000 different objects may be recorded simultaneously. Here we present an optical design for a two-mirror 6.5 m telescope with 3.0° field of view, for an etendue 2.6 times larger than for DESI. The images are at

f

/

3.7

for fiber matching, and —averaged over the field and elevations down to 40°—have a diameter of 0.53 arcsec for 80% encircled energy. We outline methods capable of polishing and testing the 1.56 m diameter gull-wing lens of the wide field corrector. If a 2 m diameter lens could be made, the same design could be scaled up to an 8.4 m primary for a 4.3-fold etendue advantage.
Geometry effects on luminescence solar concentrator efficiency: analytical treatment
Authors: Sychugov Ilya 
Published: May 2020

Luminescence solar concentrators act as semitransparent photovoltaic cells of interest for modern urban environments. Here, their efficiencies were analytically derived for different regular unit shapes as simple, integral-free expressions. This allowed analysis of the shape and size effect on the device performance. All regular shapes appear to have a similar efficiency as revealed by optical path distribution formulas, despite differences in the perimeter length. Rectangles of the same area feature higher efficiency due to reduced average optical path. It comes with the cost of a longer perimeter, and the relation between these two is provided. An explicit formula for the critical size of an LSC unit, above which its inner part becomes inactive, has been obtained. For square geometry with matrix absorption coefficient

α

this critical size is

∼

2.7

/

α

, corresponding to 70–90 cm for common polymer materials. Obtained results can be used for treatment of individual units as well as for analysis of tiling for large areas.
Fast beam steering with an optical phased array
Authors: Gozzard David R. , Roberts Lyle E. , Spollard James T. , Sibley Paul G. , Shaddock Daniel A. 
Published: May 2020

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are devices that use the coherence of light to control the interference pattern in the far field, which enables them to steer a laser beam with no moving parts. As such, OPAs have potential applications in laser communications, target acquisition and tracking, metrology, and directed energy. In this Letter, we present a control architecture for an actively phase-locked OPA, capable of steering a laser beam at speeds limited by the actuation bandwidth of electro-optic modulators. The system achieved an output phase stability of

λ

/

770

and steering speeds up to 1 MHz. The digital control architecture can be extended to GHz steering speeds, is readily scalable to hundreds of emitters, and is compatible with high-power arrays.
Tunable UV spectrometer for Doppler broadening thermometry of mercury
Authors: Clivati Cecilia , Gravina Stefania , Castrillo Antonio , Costanzo Giovanni A. , Levi Filippo , Gianfrani Livio 
Published: May 2020

We realized a UV laser spectrometer at 253.7 nm for Doppler broadening thermometry on the

1

S

0

−
3

P

1

intercombination line in mercury vapors. Our setup is based on the two-stage duplication of a 1014.8 nm diode laser in a fiber-coupled periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide crystal and a beta-barium borate crystal in enhancement cavity, and we exploit injection locking of a 507.4 nm diode laser to boost the available optical power after the first duplication. Our setup addresses spectroscopic features that allow the thermodynamic temperature determination of the atomic sample from the absorption profile with

10

−
6

accuracy. The realized UV laser source has

1
×

10

−
4

relative intensity stability, Gaussian shape, and over 10 GHz mode-hop-free tunable range. These features are crucial for the practical realization of the kelvin in the new International System of Units through a spectroscopic technique.
Large-scale multiplexed weak reflector array fabricated with a femtosecond laser for a fiber-optic quasi-distributed acoustic sensing system
Authors: Wu Mengshi , Li Chi , Fan Xinyu , Liao Changrui , He Zuyaun 
Published: May 2020

In this Letter, we propose a large-scale multiplexed weak reflector array fabrication method by using a femtosecond laser with relatively high reflectivity and low transmission loss. This kind of weak reflector array can be used in a quasi-distributed acoustic sensing system as sensing fiber instead of single-mode fiber (SMF) to achieve an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An automated fabrication system is designed, and a reflector geometric structure with high reflectivity and low scattering loss is designed based on this system. As a prototype to demonstrate the performance, one thousand weak reflectors are written on the SMF with an interval of 10 m, a reflectivity around

−

42

d
B

, and a transmission loss of 0.34 dB/km. In comparison to the method of using SMF as the sensing fiber, at least 15.8 dB enhancement to the SNR can be achieved by using the reflector array as the sensing fiber.
Nonlinear time-lens with improved power efficiency through a discrete multilevel pump
Authors: Fernández Manuel P. , Romero Cortés Luis , Konatham Saikrishna R. , Crockett Benjamin , Bulus-Rossini Laureano A. , Costanzo-Caso Pablo A. , Azaña José 
Published: May 2020

We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, all-optical discrete multilevel time-lens (DM-TL) design based on cross-phase modulation (XPM). In this approach, the pump is synthesized such as the quadratic phase modulation is applied to the probe in constant-level time-bins with a maximum phase excursion of

2

π

. As a result, a considerable reduction in the required pump power is achieved in comparison to the conventional approach based on a parabolic pump. To illustrate the concept, the proposed DM-TL is here applied to the energy-preserving conversion of a continuous-wave (CW) signal into a train of pulses according to the theory of temporal Talbot array illuminators. We demonstrate CW-to-pulse conversion gains up to 12 at repetition rates exceeding 16 GHz, with a power saving with respect to the conventional parabolic TL that is more significant for increasing conversion gains.
Single-frequency Q-switched Er:YAG laser with high frequency and energy stability via the Pound–Drever–Hall locking method
Authors: Chen ChaoYong , Wang Qing , Huang Shuai , Zhang Xu , Wang KaiXin , Gao MingWei , Gao ChunQing 
Published: May 2020

We present an injection-seeding

Q

-switched 1645 nm Er:YAG ceramic laser with high frequency stability and energy stability by combining the injection-seeding technique and Pound–Drever–Hall technique. 10.31 mJ single-frequency pulses with optimal frequency stability (525 kHz) and relative energy stability (0.52%) at a high pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz are obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest frequency stability and energy stability so far in a high pulse repetition frequency, large pulse energy, single-frequency

Q

-switched Er-doped solid laser. This single frequency laser with high stability provides an excellent light source for a coherent lidar system.
Triple-cation perovskite solar cells for visible light communications
Authors: Mica Natalie A. , Bian Rui , Manousiadis Pavlos , Jagadamma Lethy K. , Tavakkolnia Iman , Haas Harald , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: May 2020

Hybrid perovskite materials are widely researched due to their high absorptivity, inexpensive synthesis, and promise in photovoltaic devices. These materials are also of interest as highly sensitive photodetectors. In this study, their potential for use in visible light communication is explored in a configuration that allows for simultaneous energy and data harvesting. Using a triple-cation material and appropriate device design, a new record data rate for perovskite photodetectors of 56 Mbps and power conversion efficiencies above 20% under white LED illumination are achieved. With this device design, the

−
3

dB

bandwidth is increased by minimizing the dominating time constant of the system. This correlation between the bandwidth and time constant is proved using measurements of time-resolved photoluminescence, transient photovoltage, and device resistance.
Michell truss type theories as a Γ-limit of optimal design in linear elasticity
Authors: Olbermann Heiner 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show how to derive (variants of) Michell truss theory in two and three dimensions rigorously as the vanishing weight limit of optimal design problems in linear elasticity in the sense of Γ-convergence. We improve our results from [H. Olbermann, Michell trusses in two dimensions as a Γ-limit of optimal design problems in linear elasticity, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 56 2017, 6, Article ID 166] in that our treatment here includes the three-dimensional case and that we allow for more general boundary conditions and applied forces.
Materials for D-D-A ternary organic solar cells: an absorption model study
Authors: Lewińska Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Heterojunction solar cells based on ternary blends of two donors (absorbers and one acceptor) were investigated using modeling. The Tauc-Lorentz model and experimental absorption spectra of selected compounds were used in the simulations. The optimization process was carried out in this way to maximize the absorption of the system. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (PEHT) was investigated as a first donor, which was mixed respectively with poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3OT), coumarin 153, purpurin, fluorescent brightener 184, N-chloroethylene carbazole, and 1,3,6,8 tetrachloro 9n amylocarbazole. Simulations were also performed for the Tauc-Lorentz model.
Synagogenordnungen als Zeichen und Instrumente für eine Neudefinition jüdischer Identität im Mähren des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Grözinger Karl E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTakkanot have been an important instrument for the unification of Ashkenazi culture since the Middle Ages. They spread from the Rhineland to the East, to Poland, Bohemia and Moravia. They regulated all areas of Jewish life. Whereas the addressees of the Takkanot were the Jewish communities, the new Synagogenordnungen (Statutes for the Synagogue), developed first in the West and soon followed by Moravia in the East, were directed primarily at the Christian authorities. This change began as early as the mid-18th century when the Austrian empress Maria Theresia asked for a translation of older Takkanot in order to formulate new legal standards for the Jewish life in her lands. The translation of these Jewish regulations into German, brought with it, nolens volens, a Christianization of Jewish technical terms used in their institutions. Soon, the Jewish Neologists and reformers welcomed these translations as useful for their own aspirations to transform Judaism. This was the case in both the West and the East. Among them was Samson Raphael Hirsch, the later leader of the Neo-Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main and Chief Rabbi of Moravia in Nikolsburg.
Heroes Sung and Unsung: Explorers’ Narratives of Mongolia, 1890s to the 1930s
Authors: Shearer David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Petr Kuzmich Kozlov and Roy Chapman Andrews were well known figures in the world of popular culture, exploration, and science of their respective homelands, Imperial Russia and America. In the early years of the twentieth century, both were famous for spectacular discoveries in the deserts of Mongolia – Kozlov in archeology and Andrews in paleontology. Both were celebrity explorers in their native countries when they met in Mongolia in 1922, and both kept field journals and notes from which they produced popularly published accounts of their travels and exploits. Like all the great explorer-adventurers, Andrews and Kozlov made themselves the hero of their own narratives (Maclulich 1977). And yet, neither could have achieved what he did, nor likely have met, had it not been for a third individual, one who was indispensable to both explorers, but an individual who has nearly disappeared from the historical record. Tsokto Garmaevich Badmazhapov, a native of Buryatia, in Siberia, acted as an intermediary for both Kozlov and Andrews. He played a central role in the stories of the two explorers, the unsung hero in their narratives, but he was a remarkable individual in his own right – a successful and polyglot commercial agent, a go-between, an explorer, and a Mongolian government official. In the early 1920s all three individuals were prominent figures in Mongolia, and yet by the mid-1930s, all three had been excluded from the lands that drew them. This article explores the interaction of these three, the visions of Inner Asia that motivated and separated each, and the circumstances – scientific, geo-political, and personal – that both produced and then discarded these remarkable people.
Raw fusion of camera and sparse LiDAR for detecting distant objects
Authors: Rövid András , Remeli Viktor , Szalay Zsolt 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Environment perception plays a significant role in autonomous driving since all traffic participants in the vehicle’s surroundings must be reliably recognized and localized in order to take any subsequent action. The main goal of this paper is to present a neural network approach for fusing camera images and LiDAR point clouds in order to detect traffic participants in the vehicle’s surroundings more reliably. Our approach primarily addresses the problem of sparse LiDAR data (point clouds of distant objects), where due to sparsity the point cloud based detection might become ambiguous. In the proposed model each 3D point in the LiDAR point cloud is augmented by semantically strong image features allowing us to inject additional information for the network to learn from. Experimental results show that our method increases the number of correctly detected 3D bounding boxes in sparse point clouds by at least 13–21 % and thus raw sensor fusion is validated as a viable approach for enhancing autonomous driving safety in difficult sensory conditions.