bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Risks of Major Gastrointestinal Cancers in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study of 0.5 Million People
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Kartsonaki Christiana , Guo Yu , Chen Yiping , Yang Ling , Bian Zheng , Bragg Fiona , Millwood Iona Y. , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Chen Junshi , Li Liming , Holmes Michael V. , Chen Zhengming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher risk of certain gastrointestinal (e.g., colorectal, pancreatic, and liver) cancers in Western populations. Evidence is very limited in China, where correlates and determinants of SES differ from those in the West.Methods:The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,715 adults (59% women, mean age 51 years) from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) regions. During 10 years of follow-up, 27,940 incident cancers (including 3,061 colorectal, 805 pancreatic, and 2,904 liver) were recorded among 510,131 participants without prior cancer at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs for specific cancers associated with area-level (e.g., per capita gross domestic product, disposable income) and individual-level (e.g., education, household income) SES.Results:Area-level SES and household income showed positive associations with incident colorectal and pancreatic cancers and inverse associations with liver cancer (Ptrend &lt; 0.05). Education showed no association with colorectal cancer but inverse associations with pancreatic and liver cancers, with adjusted HRs comparing university to no formal schooling being 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85–1.29], 0.49 (95% CI, 0.28–0.85), and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47–0.81), respectively. Potential risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol) partly explained the inverse associations of education with pancreatic and liver cancers (17.6% and 60.4%), respectively.Conclusions:Among Chinese adults, the associations of SES with gastrointestinal cancers differed by cancer type and SES indicator. Potential risk factors partially explained the inverse associations of education with pancreatic and liver cancers.Impact:The different associations between SES with gastrointestinal cancers may inform cancer prevention strategies.
Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Koruth Jacob S. , Kuroki Kenji , Kawamura Iwanari , Brose Richard , Viswanathan Raju , Buck Eric D. , Donskoy Elina , Neuzil Petr , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Reddy Vivek Y. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) can be myocardium selective, potentially sparing the esophagus during left atrial ablation. In an in vivo porcine esophageal injury model, we compared the effects of newer biphasic PFA with radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods:
In 10 animals, under general anesthesia, the lower esophagus was deflected toward the inferior vena cava using an esophageal deviation balloon, and ablation was performed from within the inferior vena cava at areas of esophageal contact. Four discrete esophageal sites were targeted in each animal: 6 animals received 8 PFA applications/site (2 kV, multispline catheter), and 4 animals received 6 clusters of irrigated RFA applications (30 W×30 seconds, 3.5 mm catheter). All animals were survived to 25 days, sacrificed, and the esophagus submitted for pathological examination, including 10 discrete histological sections/esophagus.

Results:

The animals weight increased by 13.7±6.2% and 6.8±6.3% (
P
=0.343) in the PFA and RFA cohorts, respectively. No PFA animals (0 of 6, 0%) developed abnormal in-life observations, but 1 of 4 RFA animals (25%) developed fever and dyspnea. On necropsy, no PFA animals (0 of 6, 0%) demonstrated esophageal lesions. In contrast, esophageal injury occurred in all RFA animals (4 of 4, 100%;
P
=0.005): a mean of 1.5 mucosal lesions/animal (length, −21.8±8.9 mm; width, −4.9±1.4 mm) were observed, including one esophago-pulmonary fistula and deep esophageal ulcers in the other animals. Histological examination demonstrated tissue necrosis surrounded by acute and chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The necrotic RFA lesions involved multiple esophageal tissue layers with evidence of arteriolar medial thickening and fibrosis of periesophageal nerves. Abscess formation and full-thickness esophageal wall disruptions were seen in areas of perforation/fistula.

Conclusions:
In this novel porcine model of esophageal injury, biphasic PFA induced no chronic histopathologic esophageal changes, while RFA demonstrated a spectrum of esophageal lesions including fistula and deep esophageal ulcers and abscesses.
The Race Between Deterrence and Displacement: Theory and Evidence from Bank Robberies
Authors: Maheshri Vikram , Mastrobuoni Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Security measures that deter crime may unwittingly displace it to neighboring areas, but evidence of displacement is scarce. We exploit precise information on the timing and locations of all Italian bank robberies and security guard hirings over a decade to estimate deterrence and displacement effects of guards. A guard lowers the likelihood a bank is robbed by 35% to 40%. Over half of this reduction is displaced to nearby unguarded banks. Theory suggests optimal policy to mitigate this spillover is ambiguous. Our findings indicate restricting guards in sparse, rural markets and requiring guards in dense, urban markets could be socially beneficial.
Demonstration and the Indemonstrability of the Stoic Indemonstrables
Authors: Bobzien Susanne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since Mates’ seminal Stoic Logic there has been uncertainty and debate about how to treat the term anapodeiktos when used of Stoic syllogisms. This paper argues that the customary translation of anapodeiktos by ‘indemonstrable’ is accurate, and it explains why this is so. At the heart of the explanation is an argument that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, indemonstrability is rooted in the generic account of the Stoic epistemic notion of demonstration (apodeixis). Some minor insights into Stoic logic ensue.
Elements of a History of the Soul in North-West Semitic Texts
Authors: Schaper Joachim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Amongst Hebrew Bible scholars the question of the understanding of biblical key terms and concepts pertaining to the human condition has attracted a fair amount of interest. And amongst those key terms and concepts it is the concept of nefeš that has proved to be particularly attractive and challenging. New light is thrown on the biblical concept by the recent discovery of the Katumuwa stele in Zincirli. The present article examines the evidence and draws conclusions with regard to the history of the concept of nefeš in the Hebrew Bible and in North-West Semitic literature and religion generally.
Leaving the State of Nature: Polybius on Resentment and the Emergence of Morals and Political Order
Authors: Straumann Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The possibility of cooperation and the stability of political order are long-standing problems. Polybius, well known for his Histories analysing the expansion of Rome and his description of the Roman constitution, also offers an intriguing social and political theory that covers ground from psycho-anthropological micro-foundations to institution-based political order, providing a genealogy of morals and political order that is best understood in game-theoretical terms. In this paper I try to give such an interpretation. Polybius’ naturalistic, proto-game theoretical views show similarities with Hume, Smith and especially Hobbes’ doctrine of sovereignty by acquisition. However, Polybius is original in crucial regards, giving a motivationally plausible account of institutional and especially constitutional solutions to moral and political problems. Constitutional order, for Polybius, embodies and makes possible in the first place a kind of political reason that cannot be had individually. Polybian political theory thus offers interesting solutions to problems concerning moral motivation, collective action, and the conditions for political order, as well as the explanation and character of institutions.
Auditory Messages for Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) Systems: Effects of Speech- and Nonspeech-Based Cues
Authors: Wu Xingwei , Boyle Linda Ng 
Published: January 2020

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different warning messages for an Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) based on drivers’ ability to avoid a potential safety hazard. Background An IMA system can detect hazards and warn drivers when it is unsafe to enter an intersection. The effects of different warning information conveyed by these systems are still unknown. Method A driving simulator study with 80 participants was conducted with a red light running (RLR) scenario using a 5 (warnings) x 2 (training) between-subject design. IMA warnings included the messages “Danger,” “Brake now,” “Vehicle on your left,” a beep, and no IMA warning. Training was provided to half of the participants. Analysis of variance and logistic regression models were used to examine differences in drivers’ avoidance behavior. Results The analyses showed that all tested warning messages can significantly enhance drivers’ avoidance performance. Significant differences were observed in crash occurrence, avoidance behavior (i.e., reaction time and speed change), and eye movements (i.e., fixation pattern and time to first fixation). The effects of training also differed given the warning message provided. Conclusion The “Brake now” message performed best in reducing crash involvement and prompted better avoidance performance. The “Danger” and “Vehicle on your left” messages improved drivers’ hazard detection ability. The training showed a potential to enhance the effectiveness of nonspeech warning messages. Application The findings of this study can help designers and engineers better design IMA warning messages for RLR scenarios.
Multidisciplinary Development of Mobile Radiography Guidelines Reduced the Number of Inappropriate Mobile Exams in Patients Receiving Chest Radiographs in British Columbia
Authors: Kobes Kevin J. , Budau-Bymoen Annemarie , Thakur Yogesh , Yong-Hing Charlotte J. 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To decrease the number of mobile chest radiograph requests for inpatients in British Columbia who are medically able to tolerate transport to the main department by introducing and implementing request criteria. Method: Concerns regarding inappropriate mobile exam requests in patients receiving chest radiography were surveyed at 28 medical imaging sites. In response, a multidisciplinary team composed a set of mobile radiography request guidelines incorporating feedback from all sites. These were successfully implemented along with in-person education to 21 sites. The number of adult annual mobile chest radiographs was tracked from 2014 to 2018, and informal feedback was obtained from participating sites. Results: The percentage of mobile chest radiographs of all chest radiographs performed between 2014 and 2018 decreased by 3.2%, while the total number of all chest radiographs performed during this time, including both departmental and mobile, increased by 1.9%. Sites reported positive engagement with the initiative and expressed need for ongoing education to optimize its effect. Conclusion: Implementation of request guidelines with in-person education helped to reduce inappropriate mobile exams in patients receiving chest radiographs in British Columbia between 2014 and 2018. These guidelines promote patient safety through reduced radiation exposure, empower radiographers to mitigate inappropriate requests, and help to optimize use of limited hospital resources by reducing inappropriate mobile exams where routine departmental exams are more suitable.
Implementation of Healthy Eating Interventions in Center-Based Childcare: The Selection, Application, and Reporting of Theories, Models, and Frameworks
Authors: Lima do Vale Marjorie Rafaela , Farmer Anna , Ball Geoff D. C. , Gokiert Rebecca , Maximova Katerina , Thorlakson Jessica 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To explore the selection, use, and reporting of theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) in implementation studies that promoted healthy eating in center-based childcare. Data Source: We searched 11 databases for articles published between January 1990 and October 2018. We also conducted a hand search of studies and consulted subject matter experts. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: We included studies in center-based settings for preschoolers that addressed the development, delivery, or evaluation of interventions or implementation strategies related to healthy eating and related subjects and that explicitly used TMF. Exclusion criteria include not peer reviewed or abstracts and not in English, French, German, and Korean. Data Extraction: The first author extracted the data using extraction forms. A second reviewer verified data extraction. Data Synthesis: Direct content analysis and narrative synthesis. Results: We identified 8222 references. We retained 38 studies. Study designs included quasi-experimental, randomized controlled trials, surveys, case studies, and others. The criteria used most often for selecting TMFs were description of a change process (n = 12; 23%) or process guidance (n = 8; 15%). Theories, models, and frameworks used targeted different socioecological levels and purposes. The application of TMF constructs (e.g., factors, steps, outcomes) was reported 69% (n = 34) of times. Conclusion: Reliance on TMFs focused on individual-level, poor TMF selection, and application and reporting for the development of implementation strategies could limit TMF utility.
A standardized protocol of laser suture lysis in postoperative management in trabeculectomy with mitomycin C: One-year study
Authors: Mano Sofia Sousa , Esteves Raquel Marques , Ferreira Nuno Pinto , Abegão Pinto Luís 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To analyse the efficacy and safety of a standardized laser suture lysis protocol following trabeculectomy. Materials and methods: Prospective interventional study conducted at a tertiary centre, between June 2016 and July 2017. Consecutive patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (0.4 mg/mL) for open angle glaucoma were enrolled. According to study protocol, a first laser suture lysis was performed routinely when intraocular pressure was greater than 10 mmHg, starting at postoperative day 8, and a second laser suture lysis was done whenever the intraocular pressure was newly greater than 10 mmHg, with a minimum interval of 1 week after the first laser suture lysis. Primary outcome was intraocular pressure (mean value, and mean difference from baseline in percentage). Safety parameters were also analysed. Results: Thirty-three eyes of 28 patients (13 males) were enrolled with a mean age of 69.6 ± 15.1 years. Pre-operative intraocular pressure was 24.9 ± 8.6 mmHg. All eyes underwent a laser suture lysis before the 12th postoperative week, with a mean intraocular pressure–lowering efficacy of 42.4% (p < 0.01). A second laser suture lysis procedure, when performed (n = 14), had an additional intraocular pressure–lowering efficacy of 26.7% (p = 0.02). Mean intraocular pressure at 1-month follow-up was 12.9 ± 8.2 mmHg, and during this period, two cases of self-limited choroidal detachments were noticed. Ten patients needed additional bleb needling. Mean intraocular pressure at 1-year follow-up was 13.8 ± 8.0 mmHg under an average of 0.4 topical intraocular pressure–lowering drugs (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In our study, laser suture lysis was an effective tool to lower intraocular pressure during the early postoperative period, with an acceptable safety profile.
Topical proparacaine eye drops to improve the experience of patients undergoing intravitreal injections: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reynolds Margaret M , Mercill Sharon L , Wirkus Amber L , Greenwood Quaintance Kerryl , Pulido Jose S 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: We sought to evaluate whether additional topical anesthetic, specifically proparacaine 0.5%, improved patient experience with intravitreal injections without hindering antisepsis. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted including 36 eyes of 36 patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Patients were randomized to treatment with additional topical proparacaine 0.5% versus control after undergoing informed consent. All patients prior to intravitreal injection underwent conjunctival culture after one drop of topical proparacaine 0.5% was placed. Half of patients then received an additional drop of proparacaine and then underwent a second conjunctival culture. The other half of patients had a drop of povidone iodine and then a second conjunctival culture. Intravitreal injection followed conjunctival cultures. To evaluate their experience, patients were provided with a survey. Results: In total, 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had positive conjunctival cultures after proparacaine eye drops alone. One of 17 (5.8%) patients had a positive conjunctival culture after a second drop of proparacaine. One of 19 (5.3%) patients had a positive culture after proparacaine and povidone iodine. By noninferiority analysis, proparacaine was inferior to povidone iodine ( p = .28). Patient experience surveys did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Patient perception did not significantly differ whether or not additional proparacaine drops were used prior to intravitreal injection in a randomized controlled trial. While proparacaine has some antiseptic properties, these were found to be inferior to those of povidone iodine. Therefore, while povidone iodine is essential for antisepsis, additional proparacaine drops should not interfere with antisepsis.
The effect of recurrent povidone-iodine usage on conjunctival flora in diabetic patients undergoing intravitreal injections
Authors: Einan-Lifshitz Adi , Sorkin Nir , Smollan Gill , Barequet Irit 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the change in the microbiological profile of diabetic patients undergoing intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema. Methods: Patients were included in this prospective study when referred for the first time for intravitreal injection to treat diabetic macular edema. For each patient, conjunctival cultures were taken from the lower fornix of each eye prior to the povidone-iodine application and the intravitreal injection. An additional culture was taken from the treated eye 20 min after the injection. The same culture protocol was used for the two following injections of these patients. A later conjunctival culture was also taken a month after the last injection. Results: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients were included. The mean duration of diabetes was 13.7 ± 7.9 years. Prior to the first intravitreal injection, 33% of cultures were positive. Prior to the third intravitreal injection, 26% of cultures were positive ( p = 0.63), and 1 month after the last injection, 18% of cultures were positive ( p = 0.495). The mean HbA1C was 8.1% ± 1.7%. HbA1C of patients with positive cultures was 8.0% ± 1.1% at the first intravitreal injection and 8.2% ± 1.0% at the third intravitreal injection. This was compared with HBA1C in eyes with negative cultures: 7.4% ± 1.2% ( p = 0.45) and 7.1% ± 1.0% ( p = 0.14), respectively. Conclusion: Repeated intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema with application of povidone-iodine 5% in diabetic patients did not lead to a significant change in the percentage of positive conjunctival cultures. Patients with higher HbA1C had a slight, non-statistically significant trend for positive cultures.
Modified Harris Hip Score as patient-reported outcome measure in osteoarthritic patients: psychometric properties of the Greek version
Authors: Stasi Sophia , Papathanasiou George , Diochnou Afroditi , Polikreti Basiliki , Chalimourdas Antonios , Macheras George A 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: This study explored the psychometric properties of the modified Harris Hip Score-Greek version (mHHS-Gr) as a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure in osteoarthritic hip patients. Methods: Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and reproducibility were evaluated in 90 patients aged >55 years. Construct validity was tested against Greek versions of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS-Greek) and WOMAC Index (WOMAC-Gr), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 9-stairs-ascend/descend (9S-A/D) tests. Known-groups validity was examined using TUG score (cut-off 13.5 s) as an estimate variable. Responsiveness was examined before and 4 weeks after direct anterior minimal invasive surgery. Results: Reliability: Internal consistency was moderate (Cronbach’s a = 0.614, p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.881, 95% CI, 0.824–0.920). Reproducibility: Floor and ceiling effects were both 1.1%; measurement error was 3.54 ( p < 0.05); minimal important change was lower than minimal detectable change. Validity: mHHS-Gr correlated strongly with both LEFS-Greek and WOMAC-Gr (Pearson’s r 0.801 and −0.783, respectively; p < 0.001). The questionnaire’s correlations with TUG and 9S-A/D were also significant but moderate (Spearman’s ρ: −0.547 and −0.575, respectively; p < 0.001). Known-groups validity showed that mHHS-Gr scores were significantly higher in participants with TUG < 13.5 seconds than in those with TUG > 13.5 seconds ( p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, the cut-off point of 52.5 yielded sensitivity 81% and specificity 71%. Responsiveness: Standardised response mean and Guyatt’s responsiveness statistic were greater than 0.8. Discussion: mHHS-Gr showed significant moderate to excellent reliability, significant moderate to strong validity properties and excellent responsiveness. Overall, mHHS-Gr could be a reliable and valid PRO measure for assessing patients with osteoarthritis of the hip.
Low back pain and radiographic severity as predictors in hip osteoarthritis patients receiving steroid injection therapy
Authors: Steer Kieran J D , Bostick Geoff P , Woodhouse Linda J , McGoey Joanne , Stillwater Lawrence D , Nguyen Thi T , Schankath Adrian , Lambert Robert G W , Jaremko Jacob L 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: We investigated the effects of lower back pain (LBP) on measures of pain, disability, and function in highly symptomatic hip OA patients receiving intra-articular steroid injection (IASI) therapy. We also investigated the effect of radiographic severity of hip OA for comparison to LBP. Methods: 97 consenting subjects with symptomatic hip OA presenting for IASI were evaluated at baseline, assessed over an 8-week period, and followed at least 1 year later for new arthroplasty. At baseline and 8 weeks follow-up patient demographics, presence/absence of back pain, physical function tests, a single anteroposterior pelvis x-ray, and subjective scores of pain, stiffness and function (VAS and WOMAC) were collected. We also followed which subjects proceeded to obtain total hip arthroplasty in the examined hip. Results: Cohorts with LBP reported significantly worse scores for all of VAS pain and WOMAC questionnaires but showed no difference in ROM and were not more likely to proceed to arthroplasty. Cohorts with severe radiographic OA had significantly worsened scores for stiffness (χ2 = 6.74, p = 0.009), decreased ROM ( p < 0.01), and were more likely to proceed to arthroplasty (χ2 = 9.79, p = 0.044). Discussion: Back pain has a substantial effect on clinical parameters relevant to assessment of severity of hip OA, especially self-reported pain and function. This finding highlights LBP as a significant confounding factor in hip OA patient assessments and will inform future studies to determine the most effective treatment strategies for hip OA patients.