bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China: A candidate for winner in the international game of higher education?
Authors: Török Ádám , Nagy Andrea Magda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe hegemony of the Western higher education institutions in the global university market is being challenged by China. The top Chinese universities have significantly improved their international ranking positions. When it comes, however, to the ability of universities to attract foreign students and faculty, the Chinese higher education institutions' performance raises questions. The International Outlook scores of these universities, although showing an increasing trend, are still lacking behind the U.S. or Western European top universities. China is primarily a student ‘exporter.’ It also became a leading destination country for students from Asia or Africa, but it is still far from reaching the ‘international openness’ level of the U.S. or the UK universities. The publication networks of the top Chinese higher education institutions indicate that these universities prefer to publish with other Chinese institutions or the U.S. universities.
1925 yılında Isparta vilayetinde konar-göçerlerin iskanı
Authors: YİĞİT İlker 
Published: October 2020

XI. yüzyıldan itibaren yoğun Türk akının başladığı Anadolu topraklarına yerleşik hayatı benimsemiş olan köylü ve şehirlilerin yanında konar-göçer gruplar da gelmiştir. Anadolu’ya geldikten sonra söz konusu gruplardan bir kısmı zaman içerisinde yerleşik hayatı benimserken bir kısmı ise yaylak ve kışlak mekanları arasındaki faaliyetlerine devam etmişlerdir. XVII. yüzyıldan itibaren devlet eliyle konar-göçerler iskan edilmeye çalışıldı ise de bunun tam manasıyla başarılı olmadığı görülmektedir. Zira Osmanlının son dönemlerinde ve hatta Cumhuriyet devrinde konar-göçer grupları iskan çalışmaları devam etmiştir. Bu araştırmada da Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Isparta çevresini yaylak, Antalya çevresini de kışlak olarak kullanan konar-göçerlerin Isparta vilayeti dahiline yerleştirilmeleri arşiv vesikaları üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Bu sahada bulunan konar-göçerlere yer gösterilmek ve arazi tahsis edilmek suretiyle Eğirdir kazasına karakoyunlu (200 kişi), Töngüşlü (50 kişi), Eski Yörük (50 kişi), Çakal (108 kişi) ve Honamlı (83 kişi); Uluborlu kazasına Honamlı (464 kişi), Karakoyunlu (342 kişi) ve Saçıkaralı (188 kişi); Karaağaç kazasına Karakoyunlu (103 kişi), Hayta (83 kişi) ve Saçıkaralı (25 kişi); Isparta kazasına Saçıkaralı (21 kişi); Yalvaç kazasına Saçıkaralı (183 kişi) aşireti iskan edilmiştir. Konar-göçerlerin kaza, nahiye, köy, çiftlik, yayla gibi yerleşmelerin yanı sıra çeşitli mevkilere de iskan edildiği görülmektedir.
A comparison of postoperative wound infection rates after preoperative hair removal with razors versus clippers in a sub-urban setting
Authors: Omolabake Bamidele I. , Ozoila Ken N. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Preoperative hair removal from hair bearing areas is widely practised. Razors are widely used in poor resource settings despite concerns that they may be associated with surgical wound infection. In contrast, clippers are not commonly used in this setting because they are expensive. Objective was to compare effectiveness of depilation, cost and wound infection rates following the use of razors and clippers in preoperative hair removal in clean surgical operations in a resource-poor setting.Methods: A randomized controlled study was carried out over 1 year. Surgeries were randomized into two groups who had preoperative hair removal using razors and clippers respectively. The participants were then monitored postoperatively for wound infection.Results: Seventy-nine operative sites were assigned to each group. Seventy-six (96%) and 65 (82%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group respectively had complete hair removal (p=0.005). Twenty-three (29%) and 4 (5%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group respectively had some degree of skin injury (p=0.000). The total rate of wound infection was 5.7%, however, 7 (8.9%) and 2 (2.5%) operative sites in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped groups respectively were infected (p=0.167). The mean cost incurred in the razor-shaved and hair-clipped group was approximately N587±1,644.60 and N 1,272±883.46 respectively (p=0.001). Conclusions: Though razors provided more effective depilation, they caused more surface abrasions and were associated with more wound infections, though not statistically significant. Clippers are however associated with greater cost and this could be a major constraint where resources are limited.
A case of accidentally triggered shotgun injury in a hunter
Authors: Murugesan Ravi Kumar Sabu , Ross Kannan , Prabakar Joyce 
Published: October 2020

The shotgun is used for bird hunting in rural areas of India. Its accuracy is usually 30 metres. Accidental injuries due to shotgun pellets are not very common. Shotgun has the tendency to disperse into pellets after hitting an object tangentially or after travelling a certain distance. These pellets are made of lead but steel, tungsten and bismuth pellets are also used. There is no consensus in terms of removing or retaining foreign bodies such as the pellets. These pellets can travel to distant organs that are difficult to access by surgery. As a result surgical intervention in such patients can produce more harm than good. But leaving the pellets can lead to long term side effects like lead poisoning. In this report, we present a 32 years old male who suffered accidental shotgun injury from close range inspite of which the pellets got dispersed all over his body.
Pneumomediastinum with COVID-19: a natural process or complication? A literature review
Authors: Kanani Elmutaz 
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious respiratory viral infection that recently spread all over the world. It carries a significant mortality risk. Little is known about the pathophysiology of the disease, being a newly mutated virus. Knowledge of the clinical disease manifestations kept evolving as unfamiliar findings and presentations are constantly reported. Pneumomediastinum had been frequently reported since the start of the pandemic, and its significance was questioned. The aim of this review is to analyze the reported cases of pneumomediastinum with coronavirus infection to look for its pathophysiology, prognostic value, and best treatment. A systematic literature search was conducted using free text search for pneumomediastinum with COVID-19 case reports and case series. PubMed and Google scholar data bases were searched. Twenty three articles were retrieved. All are case reports and case series, 39 cases of the reported cohort qualified for inclusion into analysis. Chronic respiratory conditions were found in 23% of the patients. There was about five folds risk of developing the condition with oxygen therapy (both through invasive and non-invasive means). The best diagnostic modality was chest computed tomography scan (74.4%). Management was conservative in 69%, while pleural drainage was necessary in 23% of the patients. Both treatment strategies were successful with no statistical difference (p value=0.327). It is not yet clear if pneumomediastinum is a pathological disease process or an interventional complication. Interventional and conservative treatment had similar outcomes depending on individual case merits. No prognostic value could be demonstrated.
Correlation between serum electrolyte levels and brain stem evoked response audiometry in chronic renal failure: a pilot study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Singh Karanpreet , Chopra Parth , Munjal Shubham , Chopra Hemant , Mathur Aditi , Grewal Mehtab 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The effect of electrolyte imbalance on hearing thresholds and its objective manifestation, as delayed latencies or inter-peak intervals in evoked response audiometry is studied.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was undertaken in a period of one and a half years, to analyze the audiological profile in patients of chronic renal failure and renal allograft recipients. 60 patients were randomly selected from the out- patient and indoor services of nephrology, urology and oto-rhino-laryngology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. Brain stem evoked response audiometry was performed and the latencies were tabulated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A significant delay in the absolute latency of wave V was noted in hyponatremic patients of CRF on comparison with patients of CRF having a normal serum Na<sup>+</sup> levels. The I-V interpeak interval was also seen to be significantly delayed on comparison. A statistically significant delayed I-III inter-peak latency was also observed in hypernatremic patients in comparison to patients having a serum Na<sup>+</sup> level in the normal range. No significance of serum creatinine levels and wave latencies was noted on comparison between the three categories of patients of CRF as categorized by their serum creatinine levels.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a definite deterioration of the audiological function in patients of chronic kidney disease, and some reversal of these abnormalities following a successful renal transplantation; indirectly pointing towards uremic milieu being the culprit.</p>
Effect of canal widening (type I tympanoplasty) on hearing sensitivity
Authors: Kumaraswamy Prakash Tumkur , Shambulingegowda Abhilash , Neelanmegarajan Devi 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft that is characterised by discharge from the middle ear through a perforated tympanic membrane for at least 6 weeks. The pattern and degree of hearing loss greatly vary in individuals with COM. Conductive hearing loss is the most common pattern. This could be managed conservatively or surgically. Mastoidectomy and/or tympanoplasty are frequently used management procedures for COM. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the type I tympanoplasty through a canal widening procedure on hearing sensitivity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Two groups participated in the study. Group I included 25 participants who underwent type I tympanoplasty with canal widening procedure and group II included 25 participants who underwent type I tympanoplasty without canal widening procedure. The audiometric results of pre-operative condition and post-operative condition at 1 month and 3 months were documented for further analysis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean difference of pre-post (1 month) air conduction threshold was 12.68 dB in group I and 5.5 dB in group II participants. The mean difference of pre-post (3 month) air conduction threshold was 18.86 dB in group I and 8.24 dB in group II participants. There was a significant difference in thresholds that was obtained between the two groups and across conditions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study provides clear evidence that Type I tympanoplasty with canal widening procedure provides a better improvement in hearing sensitivity for individuals with COM, where surgical procedure is an indication.</p>
Air bone closure and graft uptake, vis a vis tympanic reconstitution
Authors: Munjal Manish , Mathur Nitin , Chopra Parth , Munjal Shubham , Chopra Hemant , Garg Ayushi , Arora Anurima 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanoplasty involves reconstitution of the tympano-ossicular system with commonly. fascia of the temporalis muscle, situated in its proximity. The fascia is grafted on the residual tympanic membrane by placing it either over it or below it, after creating a raw surface. The former is the overlay and latter, the underlay technique. In this study on restitution of the ear drum utilizing the overlay and underlay techniques, an exhaustive analysis of the two modalities has been done, taking into consideration various variables individually. The surgical outcome wrt to graft uptake and hearing gain has been compared in "depth" with extensive studies undertaken in India and abroad. The unbiased tabulated comparison of each aspect is unique and would guide future researchers to opt the ideal modality.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Tympanoplasty was undertaken in chronic safe suppurative otitis media with the underlay and overlay techniques in a study group of 40 patients in this prospective study. The patients were randomly divided into equal groups for either procedure. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the cohort of 40 subjects successful graft uptake was observed in 16 (80%) with overlay technique and 17 (85%) with underlay technique. Graft rejection was reported in 4 (20%) and 3 (15%) cases with overlay and underlay techniques respectively. Hearing improvement was 56.25% in 10-20 dB range in Overlay. Whereas, with underlay it was 47.05% in 10-2 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overlay technique is ideal for anterior and central perforations while underlay for subtotal and posterior perforations. In terms of hearing improvement, the fibrosis during graft uptake makes the results of either technique unpredictable.</p>
Electronystagmographic analysis of peripheral vertigo
Authors: Suresh Abinayaah , Narendran Gitanjali 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Examination of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is still the investigation of choice for evaluating the vestibular function to rule out peripheral causes. Aim and objectives were to compare the electronystagmographic changes of all peripheral forms of vertigo and to highlight its significance in the diagnosis and management of the same.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study done after obtaining ethical committee approval in a total of 100 patients attending the ENT OPD at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital &amp; Research Institute with chief complaints of vertigo. Patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media, hypertensive patients, h/o seizures, recent cardiac illness or patients on cardiac investigations, psychotic disorders, documented CNS lesions, cervical spondylitis, h/o recent eye/ ear surgery are excluded from this study. ENG analysis includes occulomotor testing, positional testing and caloric stimulation. Evaluation of gait and balance is done followed by maneuver induced vertigo testing (dix hallpike and fistula test) along with PTA. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t test and chi square test to check the hypothesis using statistical package for social studies SPSS version 17. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The observations of ENG like spontaneous nystagmus and bi-thermal caloric test responses are represented on a claussens butterfly chart and the corresponding bar codes were obtained. The inferences for different forms of vertigo were studied.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ENG is now an accepted routine and basic investigation in the management of all patients suffering from equilibrium disorders. Management consists of diagnosing the underlying pathology and treatment of the same.</p>
Impact of turbinoplasty on over all results of indicated nasal surgeries with or without allergic rhinitis incidence
Authors: Kumar Singh Abhay , Srivastava Mohit , Singh Himani , Singh Harsimrat , Ahmad Waseem 
Published: October 2020

Turbinoplasty is a procedure that aims to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate through exuberant bone removal with high mucosal preservation. The procedure is recommended for patients with or without allergic rhinitis and those showing irreversible hypertrophy of inferior turbinates.To evaluate the efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty for obstructive and non-obstructive symptoms in patients with or without allergic rhinitis.Prospective study with 57 patients who underwent inferior turbinoplasty. They were evaluated for nasal obstruction, snoring, facial pressure, smell alterations, sneezing, nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, surgery time, and intraoperative bleeding. The last evaluation took place three months after surgery.Thirty-nine patients with allergic rhinitis and 18 without it were assessed. Ninety days after surgery, 94.7% of patients showed breathing improvement; 89.5% showed moderate or complete improvement in snoring; all patients showed smell improvement; 95.5% experienced complete facial pressure improvement; and 89.7% showed moderate to complete improvement in nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, as well as in sneezing.The efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty was confirmed not only for obstructive symptoms, but also for non-obstructive symptoms in patients with and without allergic rhinitis.
Clinical study of benign tumours and tumour like lesions of oral cavity
Authors: Satyanarayana Handanakere Shruthi 
Published: October 2020

The oral mucosa is constantly under the influence of various internal and external stimuli. It exhibits a range of developmental disorders, irritation, inflammation and neoplastic conditions. The oral cavity is the most common site for various tumours and tumour like lesions. Tumours may be benign or malignant. Various studies have been done for malignant tumours whereas very few studies have been done on benign tumours and tumour like lesions of oral cavity. 93 patients of either sex with oral cavity lesions diagnosed and confirmed histopathologically as benign tumours and tumour like lesions were studied for a period of one year. 48 cases of tumour like lesions like pyogenic granuloma, mucous retention cyst, fibrous epulis and 45 cases of lipoma, hemangioma, irritational fibroma, pleomorphic adenoma and leiomyoma were seen in our study. Oral lesions are encountered by ENT surgeons, dentists and dermatologists. Hence knowledge of benign tumours and tumour like lesions in terms of incidence, presentation and histopathological features are beneficial for better diagnosis and treatment.
Unusual presentation of laryngotracheal injury due to electric burn
Authors: Gupta Vikasdeep , Salaria Neha , Sharma Naveen , Vandana  , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: October 2020

Laryngeal trauma is exceptionally rare due to the protective effect of the mandible and sternum and the laryngotracheal framework's elastic nature. Trauma to the larynx can be life-threatening and cause not only mortality but longterm upper aerodigestive morbidity.Here is a case of a 37 year-old male with electric burn of laryngotracheal region.
Pig manure in the production of banana seedlings
Authors: Torsian Waleska Silva , Almeida Leandro da Silva , Silva Nara Cristina de Lima , Nascimento Marcely Ferreira , Caron Vanessa Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Pig breeding generates waste that, if not handled correctly, can cause serious environmental problems. The application of these residues in the soil appears as a sustainable alternative, since the manure, being rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients, promotes the improvement of the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soil avoiding the contamination of natural resources if it is released in the water or directly on the ground without proper treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of banana seedlings fertigated with pig slurry (PS) analyzing its efficiency compared to conventional treatment (chemical). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications (3 seedlings per repetition), the doses being defined based on the fertilizer recommendation for the production of banana seedlings and the nutrient in greater concentration in the manure, which, in this case, was nitrogen, considered as the dose limiter. The results showed that PS was efficient in supplying nutrients to the banana seedlings and it can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer. The treatment with manure corresponding to 25.0% of the nitrogen recommended to produce banana seedlings provided the greatest development.
Distribution of Nutrients in Breakfast and Midmorning Snacks among Overweight or Obese Adolescents of Yazd, Iran
Authors: Karandish Majid , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Hadianfard Ali Mohammad , Azhdari Maryam , Amiri Rezvan , Mirzavandi Farhang , Babaie Siavash , Tabatabaie Mahtab , Shams-Rad Shamim 
Published: October 2020

Background: The important risk factors in obesity are related to unhealthy nutritional habits. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the macro- and micro-nutrients’ intake in breakfast and midmorning snacks.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 569 students (12-16 years) by the multistage cluster sampling method. The demographic data were gathered by interview. Anthropometric data and breakfast habits (breakfast frequency and time as well as nutrients’ intake at breakfast or snacks) were measured using standardized instruments by asking some questions.
Results: The results showed that the high prevalence of irregular breakfast eating (IRBE) and overweight or obesity. No significant difference was found between breakfast frequency and time according to the students’ gender or body mass index (BMI). The mean BMI had a significant increase in females; whereas, the percentage of energy from breakfast (EB%), snack (ES%), or both breakfast and snacks (EBS%) were shown no significant difference between genders. A significant increase was found in EB%, EB%, and EBS%; whereas, the daily energy intake (DEI) was lower in normal-weight students. However, other nutrients at breakfast or snacks had no significant difference. The level of higher DEI was reported in IRBE adolescents.
Conclusions: An inappropriate breakfast habit can cause irreparable consequences in adolescents. Although breakfast plays an undeniable role, other factors are also effective in one’s health. Further studies are required for more comprehensive results.
Assessing the Household Food Insecurity Status and Coping Strategies in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwafunke Opeyemi Akinbule , Kindness Lovely Okekhian , Adebukola Tolulope Omidiran 
Published: October 2020

Background: High prevalence of food insecurity experienced by many households in developing countries predisposes them to adopting coping strategies (CSs), some of which may put them at risk of malnutrition. This study assessed the household food insecurity status and CSs in Abeokuta.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 250 households were randomly selected in all communities in Odeda Local Government Area, Abeokuta. Interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. Household food insecurity (HFI) status and coping strategy were assessed using HFI experience scale and CS index questionnaires. The CSs were categorised as food, financial as well as both food and financial compromization. Data were reported by frequencies and percentages. Chi-square was run to determine the association among variables at P <0.05.
Results: The majority (84.4%) of respondents were food insecure, of whom 26.5%, 35.5%, and 22.4% were food insecure mildly, moderately, and severely, respectively. Moreover, 99.6% took loan, sold sheep and goat, ate once a day, ate rice without stew, sold hen and turkey, took food loan, and reduced food quality and quantity as CS. A significant association exists between CS categories and food insecurity status (P < 0.001). In addition, access to land (P = 0.00), farm (P = 0.04), paved-road (P = 0.01), information (P = 0.04), and market (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with HFI status.
Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity was high and most households adopted CS that reduced both food quality and quantity and could adversely affect their nutritional status and predisposed them to multiple forms of malnutrition.