bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership: are they uniquely related to turnover intention?
Authors: Nejati Mehran , Brown Michael E. , Shafaei Azadeh , Seet Pi-Shen 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the simultaneous effect of ethical leadership (EL) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employees’ turnover intention and examine the mediating mechanism in these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a field study of 851 employees across a variety of industries. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modelling for hypothesis testing.FindingsThe results show that employees’ perceptions of CSR as well as EL are both uniquely and negatively related to turnover intention. The authors also found that employees’ job satisfaction but not commitment, mediates these relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis study answers the recent call (Schminke and Sheridan, 2017) for ethics researchers to put competing explanations to the test to determine their relative importance. Research limitations have been discussed in the paper.Social implicationsThrough providing empirical support for the positive impact of CSR and EL on employee-related outcomes and creating a decent and empowering work environment, this study provides further support for CSR and EL. As CSR and EL require accountability, responsible management and addressing societal well-being of stakeholders, this study can contribute to the United Nations sustainable development goals.Originality/valuePrevious research has found that both employees’ perceptions of supervisory EL and CSR are negatively related to employees’ turnover intentions. Yet, researchers know little about their relative importance because these relationships have not been adequately examined simultaneously.
Tourism ethics: a perspective article
Authors: Jamal Tazim 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a personal perspective essay on ethics and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
It provides a comprehensive literature review and a personal perspective on tourism ethics.

Findings
It is evident that too little attention has been given in tourism literature to ethical and justice theories, philosophy, animal welfare (and rights), diverse world views, climate change and social action. Greater attention is therefore required to be given to the above mentioned areas for the future of tourism.

Research limitations/implications
Greater responsibility and care is required to be undertaken by all stakeholders in tourism, including residents, business and tourists.

Practical implications
The paper argues that academia needs to include ethics and climate change in the curriculum to better prepare students for the future.

Social implications
Awareness raising, information sharing and academic research as well as social action is urgently needed to readdress ecological and climate justice.

Originality/value
This paper calls for action to address justice and ethics in research and practice.
Effects of environmental characteristics and business partner relationships on improving innovation performance through the mediation of knowledge management practices
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Hamid Nurdjannah 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis study aims to know the effects of environmental characteristics and business partner relationships on improving innovation performance through the mediation of knowledge management practices (KMPs).Design/methodology/approachThe population of this research was all manufacturing companies engaged in the food and beverage sector categorized into large industries. According to Jakarta’sBadan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan(social insurance administration body of employment), large industries are industries with a number of employees > 100. However, in this research, the total population did not reach 100 but only 89 companies. The analysis unit used in this research was the companies. Data collection for this research relied on questionnaires with closed questions. The questionnaires were then distributed to the sample companies by using enumerator services. In accordance with the hypotheses formulated, the data analysis used in this research was partial least square.FindingsThe three findings are the significant and negative effect of environmental characteristics on KMPs, the significant effect of business partner relationships on innovation performance and the insignificant effect of KMPs on innovation performance. The management of food sector manufacturing companies needs to support the activities of generating ideas carried out by employees and support their innovative ideas and creativity. Good cooperation between employees and management is highly needed in an effort to develop company innovation.Originality/valueThis research used the innovation diffusion paradigm and the combination of market-based and knowledge-based paradigms is expected to fill the previous research gap and become the uniqueness and originality of this research. The second originality is that this research examined the role of the KMP variable as the moderating variable. The third originality of this research is the focus on examining the effect of business partner relationships on innovation performance. These three originalities are rarely found in previous studies. Therefore, this research is expected to complete and expand the study of knowledge management and innovation performance.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Crassula helmsii
Authors: Smith Tim , Buckley Phil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne (New Zealand Pygmyweed, Australian Swamp Stonecrop) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation.

Crassula helmsii is an invasive aquatic macrophyte originating from Australia and New Zealand. The first naturalized population was recorded in Britain in 1956. All British specimens appear to represent a single lineage. DNA analysis indicates that British specimens originate from Australia.

Crassula helmsii is capable of growing in a wide range of lentic freshwater and riparian habitats. It may grow as free floating, submerged, emergent or terrestrial forms. Morphology can differ markedly on the same stem.

Flowers are produced, but with no known pollinators outside of its native range. Reproduction is thought to be predominantly by asexual methods outside Australia and New Zealand, through stem fragmentation and dispersal. Seed germination outside the native range appears to be very rare and poorly understood.

Crassula helmsii has been and still is controlled by active management because of fears that its capacity to produce monocultures will lead to loss of biodiversity in the plant communities it invades. Evidence for species losses due to colonization by C. helmsii is rather anecdotal, although suppression of native biomass through competition has been reported. No consistently effective control procedures have been identified.
Transcriptomic and physiological responses of Skeletonema costatum to ATP utilization
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Lin Senjie , Liu Dongyan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe capacity of phytoplankton to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) plays an important role in their competition for resources when the availability of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is low in the aquatic systems. Here, we explored the physiological and molecular responses of a globally distributed marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, in utilizing adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) based on incubation experiments under ATP, DIP‐replete, and DIP‐depleted conditions. The results show that ATP supports the growth of S. costatum as efficiently as DIP. The pathway of S. costatum involved in utilizing ATP is not related to alkaline phosphatase (AP), an important DOP hydrolase, although extracellular hydrolysis is involved. The transcriptome analysis revealed several transcripts related to the hydrolase activity (e.g. NAD+ diphosphatase), which were significantly upregulated in the ATP culture group, indicating their possible involvement in ATP hydrolysis. Meanwhile, ATP‐grown S. costatum exhibited downregulation of the genes related to a series of metabolic activities (e.g. purine metabolism), apparently to adapt to ATP condition.
Why was apparent evidence ignored? The delayed relaxation of China's birth control
Authors: Jing Yijia , Hu Zhan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ideal of evidence‐based policy making (EBPM) may be hindered by delayed policy response to disclosed evidence. This article adopts Allison's three‐lens decision‐making framework to highlight technical, organizational, and political causes of delayed policy responses to apparent evidence. The study uses China's birth control policy as a case to examine the lag of policy adjustments. Although ample supply of evidence suggested earlier relaxation of China's one‐child policy, major adjustments only happened after 2013 and failed to achieve significant results. The study indicates that a politics‐informed EBPM approach may better position the role of evidence in policy processes by taking into consideration the unavoidable influences of institutions and politics.
Automated delineation of hospital service areas as a new tool for health care planning
Authors: Haynes Alan G. , Wertli Maria M. , Aujesky Drahomir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an automated, reproducible method for delineating hospital service areas (HSAs).Data Sources/SettingDischarge data from all Swiss acute care hospitals for the years 2013 to 2016.Study DesignWe derived HSAs and hospital referral regions for Switzerland using a newly developed flow‐based, automated, objective, and reproducible method using all discharge data. We compared our method to the classical, partially subjective approach used to delineate the Swiss Health Care Atlas by delineating four sets of intervention‐specific HSAs.Principal FindingsBased on 4 105 885 discharges, the fully automated method delineated 63 HSAs. Comparison with existing HSAs reveals good overlap and comparable measures of health utilization between the methods and shows that in the Swiss setting, our method outperforms a cluster‐based approach to defining HSAs. While the classical method potentially takes an entire day to delineate the regions, our method took approximately 10 minutes.ConclusionsHospital service areas are used to analyze differences in use of health care that may indicate underuse and overuse. Our new, fully automated, objective, and reproducible method provides a useful tool for hospital services researchers that will enable them to delineate and update patient‐flow‐based HSAs.
Isoflavone profiles and antioxidant properties in different parts of soybean sprout
Authors: Kim Min‐Ah , Kim Mi‐Ja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSprouting is one of the processing methods to enhance bioavailability of some nutrients of agricultural products. Soybeans were germinated for 6 days and soybean (SB), soybean sprout (SBS), cotyledon of soybean sprout (CSS), and hypocotyl and root of soybean sprout (HRSS) were collected. Isoflavone profiles and in vitro antioxidant activities of 80% ethanol extracts of samples were analyzed. In addition, oxidative stability of the extract was evaluated in corn oils heated at 100 °C. The hypocotyl and root part of soybean sprout contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher content of isoflavone aglycones than the cotyledon part of soybean sprout. Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radial and 2,2’‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sul‐fonic acid cation radical scavenging activities of SBS were 1.6 and 1.3 times higher than those of SB, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas those of CSS were 1.1 and 1.8 times higher than those of HRSS, respectively (P < 0.05). CSS had higher ORAC and FRAP values than others. High correlations between contents of total flavonoids and antioxidant activities were observed in all in vitro antioxidant assays. SBS, CSS, and HRSS had significantly higher oxidative stability than SB in 100 °C heated corn oil after 9 hr treatment (P < 0.05). Generally, 80% ethanol extract of CSS had high in vitro antioxidant properties whereas HRSS had high aglycone forms of isoflavones. Isoflavone aglycones may not be major ingredients providing antioxidant activities of soybean sprout.Practical ApplicationSoybeans are important crops for the preparation of tofu, soymilk, and protein sources. Soybean sprout prepared by germinating soybean and growing for several days is one of important food materials used as daily diet in some countries. In this study, antioxidant activities of different parts of soybean sprouts were evaluated using in vitro methods and bulk oil model systems. In addition, isoflavone profiles of soybean sprouts were determined. Enhanced antioxidant activities of soybean sprouts may help consumers choose healthier foods and extend business areas of the soybean food industry.
Influence of heat treatment and egg matrix on the physicochemical and allergenic properties of egg custard
Authors: Tong Ping , Xiong Liji , Gao Jinyan , Li Xin , Wu Zhihua , Yang Anshu , Yuan Juanli , Wu Yong , Chen Hongbing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo investigate the influence of heat treatment and egg matrix on egg custard (EC) proteins, 12 different kinds of ECs with different egg/water ratios (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, or 1:3, v/v) and different heating temperatures (80, 90, or 100 °C) and times (10, 15, or 20 min) were prepared and evaluated for the digestibility, structure, eliciting capacity and sensitizing capacity using SDS‐PAGE, fluorescence spectra, ELISA, and a BALB/c mouse model, respectively. The physicochemical properties of EC proteins were significantly affected by heat treatment and egg matrix, which showed the increased digestibility and partially unfolded structure. The eliciting capacity of EC evaluated by IgE binding to sera from egg‐allergic patients was reduced after heat treatment, and the EC made by heating at 100 °C for 20 min with a whole egg/water ratio of 1:2 (v/v) was the weakest. The sensitizing capacity of EC was also reduced in the BALB/c mouse model, which showed the significantly decreased levels of specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, mMCP‐1 and histamine in the mouse sera, as well as cytokine secretions of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, compared with the raw egg (RE) group. Results demonstrate that heat treatment and egg matrix significantly reduced the eliciting and sensitizing capacity of EC by changing the tertiary structure and increasing the digestibility of EC proteins.Practical ApplicationEgg custard (EC) is one kind of savory food suitable for all ages, and is also a traditional supplementary food for infants and young children in China. However, limited information is available on the allergenicity of egg custard. In this work, we evaluated how the structure, digestibility, and allergenic potential of egg allergens in EC were altered by the degree of thermal treatment and egg matrix, and elucidated the links between the physicochemical properties and allergenic potential of EC affected by heat treatment and egg matrix. Our results demonstrate that heat treatment and egg matrix significantly reduced the eliciting and sensitizing capacity of EC by changing the tertiary structure and increasing the digestibility of EC proteins.
Protective effects of phenolic acid extract from ginseng on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by palmitate via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: Chen Xuenan , Yao Fan , Song Jia , Fu Baoyu , Sun Guang , Song Xinying , Fu Chunge , Jiang Rui , Sun Liwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElevated free fatty acids may impair insulin‐mediated signaling to eNOS that contributes to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction. Previous studies have indicated the protective effect of ginseng and the regulatory potential of phenolic acid components from other plants on endothelial function. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of phenolic acid extract from ginseng (PG2) on endothelial cells against palmitate‐induced damage. We found that PG2 increases cell viability, inhibits the palmitate‐induced intracellular accumulation of lipids, and the overexpression of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) through enhancing the phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K/Akt/eNOS) signaling pathway. The results of this study may be valuable for the development of PG2 to combat the endothelial cell damage caused by hyperlipidemia.Practical ApplicationWe proved that phenolic acid extract from ginseng has a protective effect on free fatty acid‐induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro. This study provides experimental data for the application of ginseng‐derived phenolic acids in treating cardiovascular disease.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the difference between “healthy” and “common” aging and their connection with age‐related diseases
Authors: Zeng Lu , Yang Jialiang , Peng Shouneng , Zhu Jun , Zhang Bin , Suh Yousin , Tu Zhidong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA key goal of aging research was to understand mechanisms underlying healthy aging and develop methods to promote the human healthspan. One approach is to identify gene regulations unique to healthy aging compared with aging in the general population (i.e., “common” aging). Here, we leveraged Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) project data to investigate “healthy” and “common” aging gene expression regulations at a tissue level in humans and their interconnection with diseases. Using GTEx donors' disease annotations, we defined a “healthy” aging cohort for each tissue. We then compared the age‐associated genes derived from this cohort with age‐associated genes from the “common” aging cohort which included all GTEx donors; we also compared the “healthy” and “common” aging gene expressions with various disease‐associated gene expressions to elucidate the relationships among “healthy,” “common” aging and disease. Our analyses showed that 1. GTEx “healthy” and “common” aging shared a large number of gene regulations; 2. Despite the substantial commonality, “healthy” and “common” aging genes also showed distinct function enrichment, and “common” aging genes had a higher enrichment for disease genes; 3. Disease‐associated gene regulations were overall different from aging gene regulations. However, for genes regulated by both, their regulation directions were largely consistent, implying some aging processes could increase the susceptibility to disease development; and 4. Possible protective mechanisms were associated with some “healthy” aging gene regulations. In summary, our work highlights several unique features of GTEx “healthy” aging program. This new knowledge could potentially be used to develop interventions to promote the human healthspan.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Intravenous (IV) Acetaminophen as an Adjunct to IV Hydromorphone for Acute Severe Pain in Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Bijur Polly E. , Friedman Benjamin W. , White Deborah , Wollowitz Andrew , Campbell Caron , Jones Michael P. , Chang Andrew K. , Gallagher E. John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA fundamental challenge for emergency department (ED) clinicians is to relieve severe, acute pain while simultaneously avoiding adverse events associated with opioid analgesics. Because there is evidence that intravenous (IV) acetaminophen is an effective adjuvant analgesic in postoperative settings, we examined whether it also has a role in the ED.MethodsThis was a two‐arm, double‐blind randomized clinical trial. All patients received 1 mg of IV hydromorphone. Patients were then randomized to receive 1 g of IV acetaminophen or placebo. The primary outcome was the between‐group difference in change in pain from baseline (before treatment) to 60 minutes after administration of study drugs, measured on an 11‐point numeric rating scale (NRS).ResultsOf 828 patients screened, 162 were enrolled and 159 had the primary outcome. Patients allocated to acetaminophen + hydromorphone had a mean decline in pain from baseline to 60 minutes of 6.2 NRS units; those receiving placebo + hydromorphone had a mean decline of 5.4, a difference of 0.8 NRS units (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.01 to 1.8). Two patients in each group received additional analgesics in the first 60 minutes of the study. At 120 minutes the NRS pain difference was 0.6 (95% CI = –0.4 to 1.6). A total of 26.9% of patients who received acetaminophen wanted more analgesia versus 37.7% of those given placebo (difference = –10.8%, 95% CI = −24.3% to 4.4%). The incidence of adverse effects was similar in both groups.ConclusionsThe addition of 1 g of IV acetaminophen to 1 mg of IV hydromorphone provided neither clinically meaningful nor statistically superior analgesia than hydromorphone alone.
Comparison of S‐1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as adjuvant chemotherapies for stage II and III gastric cancer after D2 resection: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , Sun Yongkun , Zhang Wen , Cui Chengxu , Yang Lin , Zhou Aiping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCapecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer (GC) reduces cancer recurrence and improves survival. S‐1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) is well‐tolerated and effective against advanced GC, and also be used widely in adjuvant treatment. However, data comparing SOX and XELOX as adjuvant treatments are lacking.MethodData on treatment modalities, adverse events, recurrence and metastasis were collected from 180 patients with stage II and III GC, who received SOX or XELOX after D2 gastrectomy between January 2012 and December 2015, and analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate.ResultsMedian follow was 52.9 months; 3‐year DFS rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 75.2% and 67.6% (P = 0.359) and 81.2% and 83.3% (P = 0.77) in the SOX and XELOX groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in peritoneal metastasis rates in the SOX and XELOX groups (8.6% vs 15%, respectively; P = 0.232). Compound recurrent disease was associated with significantly shorter OS. Multivariate analysis identified metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.036; hazard ratio = 2.875; 95% confidence interval, 1.069–7.729); the LNR ≥17% group had inferior 3‐year OS rate to the LNR <17% group (P = 0.001). The incidence of grades 3 and 4 adverse events was similar in both groups; however, grade ≥2 hand–foot syndrome was significantly less frequent in the SOX group (P = 0.01).ConclusionSOX has similar survival benefits to XELOX and is well‐tolerated in Chinese patients with GC following D2 gastrectomy.