bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Molecular Factories with Architecture and In Vivo Functionalities as Cell Mimics
Authors: Einfalt Tomaž , Garni Martina , Witzigmann Dominik , Sieber Sandro , Baltisberger Niklaus , Huwyler Jörg , Meier Wolfgang , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite huge need in the medical domain and significant development efforts, artificial cells to date have limited composition and functionality. Although some artificial cells have proven successful for producing therapeutics or performing in vitro specific reactions, they have not been investigated in vivo to determine whether they preserve their architecture and functionality while avoiding toxicity. Here, these limitations are overcome and customizable cell mimic is achieved—molecular factories (MFs)—by supplementing giant plasma membrane vesicles derived from donor cells with nanometer‐sized artificial organelles (AOs). MFs inherit the donor cell's natural cytoplasm and membrane, while the AOs house reactive components and provide cell‐like architecture and functionality. It is demonstrated that reactions inside AOs take place in a close‐to‐nature environment due to the unprecedented level of complexity in the composition of the MFs. It is further demonstrated that in a zebrafish vertebrate animal model, these cell mimics show no apparent toxicity and retain their integrity and function. The unique advantages of highly varied composition, multicompartmentalized architecture, and preserved functionality in vivo open new biological avenues ranging from the study of biorelevant processes in robust cell‐like environments to the production of specific bioactive compounds.
Significantly Improved Morphology and Efficiency of Nonhalogenated Solvent‐Processed Solar Cells Derived from a Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymer
Authors: Park Su Hong , Kim Youngseo , Kwon Na Yeon , Lee Young Woong , Woo Han Young , Chae Weon‐Sik , Park Sungnam , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA highly crystalline conjugated donor (D)–acceptor (A) block copolymer (PBDT2T‐b‐N2200) that has good solubility in nonhalogenated solvents is successfully synthesized. PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 shows a broad complementary absorption behavior owing to a wide‐band gap donor (PBDT2T) present as a D‐block and a narrow‐band gap acceptor (N2200) present as an A‐block. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with conjugated block copolymer (CBCP) are fabricated using a toluene solution and PSC created with an annealed film showing the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.43%, which is 2.4 times higher than that made with an annealed blend film of PBDT2T and N2200. Compared to the blend film, the PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 film exhibits a highly improved surface and internal morphology, as well as a faster photoluminescence decay lifetime, indicating a more efficient photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 film shows high crystallinity through an effective self‐assembly of each block during thermal annealing and a predominant face‐on chain orientation favorable to a vertical‐type PSC. Moreover, the CBCP‐based PSCs exhibit an excellent shelf‐life time of over 1020 h owing to their morphological stability. From these results, a D–A block copolymer system is one of the efficient strategies to improve miscibility and morphological stability in all polymer blend systems.
The in‐season nitrogen concentration in the potato tuber as the yield driver
Authors: Grzebisz Witold , Potarzycki Jarosław 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber sink strength is determined by the maximum nitrogen concentration (Ncmax) in the tuber within the growing season. This hypothesis was verified based on data from two seasons with contrasting weather conditions, that is, the wet 2007 and the dry 2008. A field experiment, including four levels of nutrients: absolute control (AC), NP, NPK, and NPKMgS, was the basis of the hypothesis evaluation. Vines and tubers were collected periodically at 10–11 d intervals in 10, and nine consecutive samplings, respectively. Tuber yield growth was described by the linear and polynomial functions under favorable and unfavorable growth conditions, respectively. The polynomial functions indicated lower tuber yields (+20 t ha–1 for NPK vs. NP in 2007). The Ncmax of the growing tuber is the key yield driver, defining the tuber sink capacity. As compared to the in‐season variability in Na (N accumulated in vines–source capacity), the Ncmax was a conservative trait, up‐regulating the source activity. The narrowed N/P from 5.9 to 2.1, but from 4.6 to 1.9 and for N/Mg from 26 to 12, but from 22 to 14, respectively in 2007 and 2008, increased the steepness of the Nc during its descending course. The tuber sink capacity can be fulfilled, provided there is a good supply of K during potato bulking. It can be concluded that the higher the Ncmax, the higher the potato requirement for K. Any factor lowering the Ncmax simultaneously decreases the potato requirement for K, subsequently leading to yield losses.
Risk and returns from grazing beef cattle on warm‐season grasses in Tennessee
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Zechiel Katelynn , Keyser Patrick D. , Rhinehart Justin , Bates Gary E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeef cattle production in the southeastern United States is forage‐based, relying primarily on tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort; TF). While TF has many desirable characteristics for forage, physiological traits can create forage management challenges for producers during the summer. Managing forage production is necessary for producers to maximize profits and reduce feed costs. A possible way to extend grazing in this region is to use warm‐season grasses (WSGs) during summer to complement tall fescue. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the profitability and risk associated with grazing beef stocker cattle on five WSGs: a combination of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.; BI), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.; SG), eastern gamagrass, (Tripsacum dactyloides; EG), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.; BG), and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis; CG). Data comes from a 3‐yr (2014–2016) grazing experiment at two locations in Tennessee. The results show that CG had the lowest expected net returns to grazing due to its high production cost, and a profit‐maximizing and risk averse producer would select grazing SG relative to the other forages. The study extends the literature by comparing the profitability and risk of native WSGs (BI, SG, EG), traditional WSG (BG), and annual WSG (CG). Furthermore, these results will be important in educating southeastern US beef cattle producers on using WSGs.
Impact of tillage practices on soil aggregation and humic substances under double‐cropping paddy field
Authors: Tang Haiming , Xiao Xiaoping , Li Chao , Tang Wenguang , Pan Xiaochen , Cheng Kaikai , Guo Lijun , Wang Ke , Li Weiyan , Sun Geng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of different tillage practices on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil aggregation, soil fulvic acid (C‐FAF), soil humic acid (C‐HAF), and soil humin (C‐HUM) contents at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm layers under double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in southern China were explored. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage and crop residues incorporation (CT), rotary tillage and crop residues incorporation (RT), no‐tillage and crop residues incorporation (NT), and rotary tillage without crop residues as a control (RTO). The results showed that SOC content under RT and CT treatments were significantly higher than that of RTO treatment. The percentage of soil aggregates of <0.001 mm, 0.005–0.001 mm, and 0.01–0.005 mm at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm layers under CT treatment were significantly higher than that of RTO treatment. The C‐HUM, C‐FAF, and C‐HAF contents were increased by combined application of tillage with crop residues practices. The results showed that C‐HUM, C‐FAF, and C‐HAF contents under CT and RT treatments were significantly higher than those under the RTO treatment at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm layers. As a result, it is an appropriate soil practice for increasing SOC content, soil aggregation, and humic substances under double‐cropping rice fields in southern China under conventional tillage and rotary tillage.
Irrigation and tillage effects on soil nitrous oxide emissions in maize monoculture
Authors: Franco‐Luesma Samuel , Cavero José , Plaza‐Bonilla Daniel , Cantero‐Martínez Carlos , Tortosa Germán , Bedmar Eulogio J. , Álvaro‐Fuentes Jorge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIrrigation and soil management can impact soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Flood and sprinkler irrigation systems together with conventional tillage are the main practices used in the high yielding maize systems in Mediterranean Spain. The objective of this field work was to quantify the effect of the irrigation system (i.e., flood, F; and sprinkler, S) and the soil tillage system (i.e., conventional tillage, CT; no‐tillage maintaining the maize stover, NTr; and no‐tillage removing the maize stover, NT) on the N2O emissions from the soil during 3 yr (2015, 2016, and 2017). S irrigation, with mean values of 1.35 kg N2O‐N ha−1 yr−1 throughout the 3 yr, obtained 42% lower N2O emissions than F irrigation. On average of the three growing seasons, yield‐scaled N2O emissions by grain yield and by grain N uptake in F irrigation were two‐fold higher than in S irrigation. Moreover, in one out of three growing seasons (2017), no‐tillage systems (i.e., NTr and NT) showed greater yield‐scaled N2O emissions compared with CT. The higher maize grain yield with the S irrigation compared to F irrigation, as well as the lower N2O emissions reported under S irrigation resulted in the reduction of the yield‐scaled N2O emissions. Our findings highlight the role of sprinkler irrigation decreasing N2O emissions in comparison to flood irrigation in Mediterranean agroecosystems.
Relationship between internal morphology and physiological quality of pepper seeds during fruit maturation and storage
Authors: de Medeiros André Dantas , Zavala‐León Manuel Jesús , da Silva Laércio Junio , Oliveira Ariadne Morbeck Santos , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe improvement of existing analyses that access the physiological quality of seeds and the inclusion of nondestructive techniques represent significant progress to the seed sector. Despite being prominent, the use of x‐ray is hindered by the fact that radiographic images are, in general, analyzed subjectively. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between the seed internal morphology, accessed via x‐ray images, and the physiological quality of habanero pepper seeds. The seeds were harvested from fruits at three maturity stages and then kept in post‐harvest storage for different periods. Initially, radiographs were generated and subjected to automated image analysis, using the ImageJ software. The parameters area, perimeter, circularity, relative density, integrated density, and percentage of seed filling were evaluated. After the x‐ray testing, the seeds were tested for germination and vigor. It was observed that postharvest storage increased the relative density of seed tissues, as well as seed filling and germination for all stages of maturity. Positive and significant correlations were found between tissue density parameters, evaluated by image analysis, with seed germination, germination speed and seed viability, while negative correlations were observed with seed dormancy. In general, the automated radiograph analysis of habanero pepper seeds is a promising method to obtain physical variables of seeds, such as relative density, integrated density, and seed filling. Habanero pepper seeds obtained from yellow and orange fruits exhibit higher physiological quality. The storage of these fruits after harvested before seed extraction is a good alternative to improve the seed physiological quality.
A Regenerative Medicine Approach to the Treatment of Hearing, Balance, and Olfactory Disorders: What Is in the Future for Otolaryngology?
Authors: Van De Water Thomas R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRegenerative medicine is being applied to many fields of medicine and is now starting to be considered and developed for application to treat hearing, balance, olfaction, and voice disorders. This special issue of the Anatomical Record with a series of over 20 papers covers many aspects of gene and stem cell therapies as they are developed for clinical applications in both in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies. These studies cover a wide range of approaches from gene editing in zebrafish with the latest technology (i.e., CRISPR/Cas9) to the isolation of human inner ear progenitor cells, to tracking transplanted human umbilical cord stem cells in mini pigs, to the in vitro building of graft tissues to repair tracheal defects with adipose tissue‐derived stem cells. Anat Rec, 303:385–389, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Negative regulation of CDK6 expression by microRNA‐126‐5p and its influence on the proliferation and invasion of esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Gu Jian‐Fa , Liu Song‐Ge , Pan Qiong , Qin Fengying , Li Yan‐Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and microRNA‐126‐5p (miR‐126‐5p) in esophageal cancer tissues and cells, and their effect on esophageal cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The relative expression levels of CDK6 and miR‐126‐5p in esophageal cancer tissue, paracancerous tissue, and HEEC and EC109 cells were determined and compared using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). A miR‐126‐5p overexpression vector was constructed and a stable EC109 cell line expressing miR‐126‐5p was established. The EC109 cell line was transfected with a CDK6 small interfering RNA sequence. The rate of cell proliferation was determined using the WST‐8 method, and cell invasion was determined using a Transwell assay. In addition, the relative expression levels of genes were determined using RT‐qPCR; the relative expression levels of proteins were determined by western blot analysis; the binding sites of CDK6 and miR‐126‐5p were analyzed using TargetScan software; and the interaction of CDK6 and miR‐126‐5p was verified using dual‐fluorescence reporter gene expression. Esophageal tissues and EC109 cells expressed higher levels of CDK6 but significantly lower levels of miR‐126‐5p compared with adjacent tissues and HEEC cells, and their correlation coefficient between esophageal tissues and matched adjacent tissues was −7.526. The overexpression of miR‐126‐5p and CDK6 knockdown in the EC109 cell line inhibited cell proliferation and invasion compared with the control and NC (negative control) groups. miR‐126‐5p overexpression reduced the relative expression level of CDK6, and CDK6 knockdown by siRNA increased the expression of miR‐126‐5p. miR‐126‐5p regulated CDK6 expression by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of its mRNA. Overexpression miR‐126‐5p inhibited the proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cells by targeting CDK6 and negatively regulating its expression. These findings contribute to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of esophageal cancer.
Overall risk and risk factors for metachronous peritoneal metastasis after colorectal cancer surgery: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ravn S , Heide-Jørgensen U , Christiansen C F , Verwaal V J , Hagemann-Madsen R H , Iversen L H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify the cumulative incidence and risk factors of metachronous peritoneal metastasis (M-PM) from colorectal cancer in patients who had intended curative treatment.

Methods
Patients with colorectal cancer were identified using the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database for 2006–2015. The Danish Pathology Registry and the Danish National Patient Registry were used to identify M-PM to 2017. Risk factors were estimated by multivariable absolute risk regression, treating death and other cancers as competing risks. Overall risk and risk differences (RDs) were estimated at 1, 3 and 5 years.

Results
In 22 586 patients with colorectal cancer, the overall risk of M-PM was reported to be 0·9 (95 per cent c.i. 0·8 to 1·0) per cent at 1 year, 1·9 (1·8 to 2·1) per cent at 3 years and 2·2 (2·0 to 2·4) per cent at 5 years. Advanced tumour category ((y)pT4 versus (y)pT1) increased the RD of both M-PM (2·9 (95 per cent c.i. 2·1 to 3·7) at 1 year and 6·0 (4·9 to 7·2) at 3 years) and lymph node involvement ((y)pN2 versus (y)pN0) (2·5 (1·8 to 3·2) at year and 4·3 (3·2 to 5·3) at 3 years). No further increase in risk was observed at 5 years. In a subanalysis, tumour-involved resection margin (R1 versus R0) was associated with M-PM with a RD of 3·9 (1·6 to 6·2) at 1 year and 5·9 (2·6 to 9·3) at 3 years.

Conclusion
The overall risk of M-PM in patients with colorectal cancer is low, but is increased in advanced T and N status. Follow-up of at least 3 years after colorectal cancer surgery may be necessary, given the potential curative treatment of early diagnosed M-PM.
Four New Chromone Derivatives from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Luo You‐Ping , Song Xiao‐Ping , Zheng Cai‐Juan , Chen Guang‐Ying , Luo Xu–Xia , Han Jing‐Xian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFour previously unreported chromones, 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐8‐methoxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (1), (5R,7S)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐propyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (2), (5R,7S)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (3), and (5R,7S)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐[(E)‐prop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (4), as well as one known analogue 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (5) were isolated from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides derived from the mangrove Ceriops tagal. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 2–4 were determined by comparison the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 2 showed cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line with the IC50 value of 0.094 mm.
New Constituents from the Low Polar Fraction of the Fruits of Crataegus dahurica and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activity in RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Wang Bo‐Bo , Gao Yang , Chen Li‐Ya , Zhang Chang‐Long , Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Hai‐Long 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fruit of Crataegus dahurica Koehne was used to treat the disease of infantile indigestion and dyspepsia as an ethnic medicine and food. As a continuous work on finding the active constituents from the edible herbs, four new biphenyl derivatives (1–4), together with two known compounds (5 and 6), were obtained from the petroleum ether fraction of the fruits of C. dahurica. Their structures were determined by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR‐MS spectrometry. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory activities of all the isolated compounds were investigated, in which compound 4 showed moderately inhibitory effects on NO production in RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity.
Underpotential‐Assisted Electrodeposition of Highly Crystalline and Smooth Thin Film of Bismuth
Authors: Giurlani Walter , Cavallini Massimiliano , Picca Rosaria Anna , Cioffi Nicola , Passaponti Maurizio , Fontanesi Claudio , Lavacchi Alessandro , Innocenti Massimo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, the electrodeposition of smooth bismuth thin films was investigated. Bismuth is known for its peculiar magnetic, thermal and electrical properties but the deposition of a uniform and flat film, which are features required for its application in electronic devices, is not trivial. We investigated the morphology of Bi film electrodeposited at increasing overpotential on a monocrystalline silver electrode. We found that the presence of an underpotential deposition (UPD) layer, previously deposited on the surface, drives the overpotential deposition to a smoother growth. The samples were investigated by means of different techniques: atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) to study the morphology, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) to assess the composition and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to check the crystallinity. We also found an unexpected form birefringence behaviour, which has been preliminary investigated with cross polarized light microscopy (CPL).
Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction by a Beta Barrel Heme Protein on Hyrid Bioelectrodes
Authors: Nazemi Zahra , Prasad Pallavi , Chakraborty Saumen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfficient catalysts are required to activate O2 at low overpotentials with improved reaction kinetics. The kinetics of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by a β‐barrel, the nitrobindin heme protein (NBHP), is investigated using protein‐film electrochemistry. Structure‐guided strategies were developed to covalently attach NBHP and enable efficient interfacial electron transfer (ET) between the protein and electrode. The reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) with a rate constant ks of 25 s−1 is invoked as the rate‐limiting step of the catalytic process, as opposed to a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. Further kinetic analyses revealed a complete 4e− reduction of O2 to H2O at lower pH, attributable to a higher H+ availability and more facile reduction of the heme in acidic conditions compared to the basic conditions where an incomplete 2e− reduction to H2O2 was observed. The rate constants kORR, k0, and the turnover numbers demonstrate that NBHP is an efficient biocatalyst for O2 electrolysis.
Synthesis of Homogeneous Hollow Co3O4 Microspheres for Enhanced Cycle Life and Electrochemical Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yang Yaxiu , Chen Xin , Cao Yali , Zhou Wanyong , Sun He , Chai Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHow to achieve a balance between excellent pseudocapacitive performance and simplicity of the synthetic pathway of Co3O4 is still a challenge. Herein, hollow Co3O4 microspheres were synthesized through a facile template‐free solvothermal approach with a following calcination treatment. The synthetic Co3O4 exhibited remarkable electrochemical properties in terms of high specific capacity 922.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, superior rate capability with 67.7 % capacitance retention (1–20 A g−1), as well as excellent cycling stability (105.6 % retention after 10000 cycles). A hybrid supercapacitor device is also successfully assembled consisting of a Co3O4 cathode and a reduced graphene oxide anode with a wide potential window of 0–1.65 V, which delivers a high energy density and an outstanding cycle lifetime. These superior electrochemical properties will render the hollow Co3O4 microsphere material as an attractive material for promising application in high‐performance electrochemical energy storage systems.
Design and Hydrodynamic Characterization of a Draft Tube Baffle Tank for Lab‐Scale
Authors: Schmalenberg Mira , Nocon Anna‐Katharina , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor process development on lab‐scale, it is necessary to have equipment that represents the industrial apparatuses as similar as possible to offer short time‐to‐market. Accordingly, a draft tube baffle (DTB) crystallizer was scaled down from typical m3‐scale to 1 L filling volume. The suspension characteristics were determined for fluidized crystals in saturated solution. For further characterization of the DTB tank, the residence time of the liquid and solid phases were experimentally determined for the continuous operation mode. Additionally, the classifying behavior of the particles in the DTB was investigated.