bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the rate of fistula: does a fibrin sealant act as an adjunct in pharyngeal closure? A two-centre experience
Authors: Bance R Roplekar , Coyle P , Dias A , Kothari P , Shah K , Thaj J , Vaz F 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharyngocutaneous fistula is a troublesome complication. Recently, synthetic materials such as fibrin sealant have been used as a secondary measure to treat fistula. This work assessed whether the primary use of fibrin sealant can reduce the rate of fistula.MethodA retrospective review of 50 cases from 2 centres was completed. Tisseel was an adjunct to primary closure in all cases.ResultsIn the first centre, 3 out of 34 cases developed pharyngocutaneous fistula (fistula rate of 9 per cent). All three were salvage cases. In the second centre, 0 out of 16 cases developed a fistula.ConclusionThe incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula post-radiation and post-chemoradiotherapy in laryngectomy cases has been quoted as 23 per cent and 34 per cent respectively. This study represents the first patient series on the use of fibrin sealant as an adjunct in primary closure following laryngectomy. The results are promising, encouraging the use of Tisseel as an adjunct to meticulous closure.
A comparative study of parasites in three latrines from Medieval and Renaissance Brussels, Belgium (14th–17th centuries)
Authors: Graff Anna , Bennion-Pedley Emma , Jones Ariadin K. , Ledger Marissa L. , Deforce Koen , Degraeve Ann , Byl Sylvie , Mitchell Piers D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the species of parasite that infected the population of Brussels during the Medieval and Renaissance periods, and determine if there was notable variation between different households within the city. We compared multiple sediment layers from cesspits beneath three different latrines dating from the 14th–17th centuries. Helminths and protozoa were detected using microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We identified Ascaris sp., Capillaria sp., Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Entamoeba histolytica, Fasciola hepatica, Giardia duodenalis, Taenia sp. and Trichuris sp. in Medieval samples, and continuing presence of Ascaris sp., D. dendriticum, F. hepatica, G. duodenalis and Trichuris sp. into the Renaissance. While some variation existed between households, there was a broadly consistent pattern with the domination of species spread by fecal contamination of food and drink (whipworm, roundworm and protozoa that cause dysentery). These data allow us to explore diet and hygiene, together with routes for the spread of fecal–oral parasites. Key factors explaining our findings are manuring practices with human excrement in market gardens, and flooding of the polluted River Senne during the 14th–17th centuries.
Effect of essential oils on Leishmania amazonensis: a systematic review
Authors: de Lara da Silva Célia Eliane , Oyama Jully , Ferreira Fabiana Borges Padilha , de Paula Lalucci-Silva Marielle Priscila , Lordani Tarcísio Vitor Augusto , de Lara da Silva Rogério Cesar , de Souza Terron Monich Mariana , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50μg mL−1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 μg mL−1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50μg mL−1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 μg mL−1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.
Comment on surgical approaches for definitive treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: results of a survey in 178 patients
Authors: Akbulut Sami , Sahin Tevfik Tolga 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEchinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis which is a chronic, progressive zoonotic disease that mainly affects the liver. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is insidious and the patients are asymptomatic most of the time. Generally, it is incidentally found on imaging studies performed for other reasons. Specific symptoms may evolve if the vascular and biliary structures of the liver are affected. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis shows a similar pattern to malignancies in terms of radiologic and clinical features. For this reason, oncological surgical principles should be applied during the resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. The gold standard surgical treatment is resection with negative surgical margin. However, in patients whose radical resection is not possible other therapeutic options include palliative resection which has no benefit to the patient, and other curative major surgical options such as ex vivo liver resection, and autotransplantation and ultimately liver transplantation. The remnant liver volume has paramount importance if resection is going to be performed. For this reason, occasionally, remnant liver volume hypertrophy is induced by employing either two-stage hepatectomy or associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy.
Stories, emotions, partnerships and the quest for stable relationships in the Greenlandic mining sector
Authors: Bjørst Lill Rastad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to understand the emotional labour and relationship building in connection to the expected mining industry in Greenland. Greenland mining is often portrayed as something that could create an economic basis for national independence which makes politicians curious about what a potential “partnership” could make possible. Envisioning future relationships (in debates about mining in Greenland) also set the framework for reinterpretation and redefinition of the past, to give meaning to promised new development; hence, this kind of future-making tends to be contested. The analysis centres around stories of what could be (if Greenland really was a place of mining), and the theoretical framework makes use of Ahmed’s and Wetherell’s interpretations of affective economies. Thus the study discusses emotional labour with a special focus on partnership, emotions and filtration, while visiting affective scenes and sites related to the mining of Greenland’s minerals. Greenland’s current position as a state in formation, while still reconciling with experiences from the past, affects relationship building, the openness to flirtation, and sometimes creates conflicts and hieratical structures between the potential partners to be.
A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment
Authors: Alameda Luis , Rodriguez Victoria , Carr Ewan , Aas Monica , Trotta Giulia , Marino Paolo , Vorontsova Natasha , Herane-Vives Andrés , Gadelrab Romayne , Spinazzola Edoardo , Di Forti Marta , Morgan Craig , Murray Robin M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVarious psychological and biological pathways have been proposed as mediators between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis. A systematic review of the evidence in this domain is needed. Our aim is to systematically review the evidence on psychological and biological mediators between CA and psychosis across the psychosis spectrum. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 1979 and July 2019 were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, Medline and Embase) and Cochrane Libraries. The evidence by each analysis and each study is presented by group of mediator categories found. The percentage of total effect mediated was calculated. Forty-eight studies were included, 21 in clinical samples and 27 in the general population (GP) with a total of 82 352 subjects from GP and 3189 from clinical studies. The quality of studies was judged as ‘fair’. Our results showed (i) solid evidence of mediation between CA and psychosis by negative cognitive schemas about the self, the world and others (NS); by dissociation and other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and through an affective pathway in GP but not in subjects with disorder; (iii) lack of studies exploring biological mediators. We found evidence suggesting that various overlapping and not competing pathways involving post-traumatic and mood symptoms, as well as negative cognitions contribute partially to the link between CA and psychosis. Experiences of CA, along with relevant mediators should be routinely assessed in patients with psychosis. Evidence testing efficacy of interventions targeting such mediators through cognitive behavioural approaches and/or pharmacological means is needed in future.
Secular trends in the incidence of eating disorders in China from 1990 to 2017: a joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis
Authors: Wu Jiayuan , Lin Zhixiong , Liu Zhou , He Hairong , Bai Ling , Lyu Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (ED) have increasingly become a global topic of concern for public health. A better understanding of ED incidence is a basic requirement for improving its management. However, the temporal trend of ED incidence in China is still unknown.MethodsThe incidence rates of ED from 1990 to 2017 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database according to the following: subtype, i.e. anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN); sex; and age group. The average annual percent changes and relative risks were calculated using joinpoint regression and the age–period–cohort model, respectively.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2017, age-standardized incidence rates of ED continued to increase in males and females, and this variation trend was observed in AN and BN. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the incidence rates increased in all age groups. Adolescents had the highest risk of developing ED, followed by young adults. Age effects were the most influential risk factor for ED incidence. Period effects showed that the risk of developing ED continuously increased with increasing time periods in BN, but not in ED and AN. Concerning the cohort effects, people born after the 1990s presented a higher risk of ED, though they presented a lower risk of BN as compared to the whole cohort.ConclusionsED incidence rates continue to increase in China, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Further etiological studies are needed to explain these increases and to facilitate the early identification of high-risk individuals.
COVID-19 reveals Brugada pattern in an adolescent patient
Authors: Choi Nak Hyun , Silver Eric S. , Fremed Michael , Liberman Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA diagnosis of Brugada pattern in paediatric or adolescent patients is rare. COVID-19 is characterised by fevers and a pro-inflammatory state, which may serve as inciting factors for Brugada pattern. Recently described in two adult patients, we report the first case of Brugada pattern in an adolescent with COVID-19.
Targeting fear of positive evaluation in patients with social anxiety disorder via a brief cognitive behavioural therapy protocol: a proof-of-principle study
Authors: Weeks Justin W. , Wilmer M. Taylor , Potter Carrie M. , Waldron Elizabeth M. , Versella Mark , Kaplan Simona C. , Jensen Dane , Heimberg Richard G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Our aim was to develop a brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) protocol to augment treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This protocol focused specifically upon fear of positive evaluation (FPE). To our knowledge, this is the first protocol that has been designed to systematically target FPE.Aims:To test the feasibility of a brief (two-session) CBT protocol for FPE and report proof-of-principle data in the form of effect sizes.Method:Seven patients with a principal diagnosis of SAD were recruited to participate. Following a pre-treatment assessment, patients were randomized to either (a) an immediate CBT condition (n = 3), or (b) a comparable wait-list (WL) period (2 weeks; n = 4). Two WL patients also completed the CBT protocol following the WL period (delayed CBT condition). Patients completed follow-up assessments 1 week after completing the protocol.Results:A total of five patients completed the brief, FPE-specific CBT protocol (two of the seven patients were wait-listed only and did not complete delayed CBT). All five patients completed the protocol and provided 1-week follow-up data. CBT patients demonstrated large reductions in FPE-related concerns as well as overall social anxiety symptoms, whereas WL patients demonstrated an increase in FPE-related concerns.Conclusions:Our brief FPE-specific CBT protocol is feasible to use and was associated with large FPE-specific and social anxiety symptom reductions. To our knowledge, this is the first treatment report that has focused on systematic treatment of FPE in patients with SAD. Our protocol warrants further controlled evaluation.
Perceived neighbourhood food environment and overweight and obesity among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) participants in the Midwest US
Authors: Katare Bhagyashree , Lynch Krystal , Savaiano Dennis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the relationship between neighbourhood food environment perceptions and obesity among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) or Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) participants.Design:A cross-sectional study conducted during SNAP-Ed or EFNEP programme participation in six states in the Midwest US between May 2016 and November 2017.Setting:Community centres, food pantries and other SNAP-Ed or EFNEP recruitment locations.Participants:Convenience sample of 1743 low-income, adult nutrition education programme participants.Results:Controlling for participant location and other demographic variables, those who perceived that a large selection of fruits and vegetables were available to them were 22 % less likely to be obese (adjusted odds ratio 0·78, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·97). In addition, participants who perceived the distance to the grocery store where they purchased most of their groceries to be greater than 5 miles were 1·36 times more likely to be overweight or obese than those who travelled shorter distances for their groceries.Conclusions:SNAP-Ed or EFNEP participants’ weight status may be associated with their perceptions of their neighbourhood food environments. Programmes incorporating nutrition education and food access initiatives should attempt to better understand participant perceptions in order to address barriers in their efforts and to ensure that healthy food is accessible to low-income residents.
A cross-sectional study using the Childhood Measurement Programme for Wales to examine population-level risk factors associated with childhood obesity
Authors: Beynon Claire , Pashayan Nora , Fisher Elizabeth , Hargreaves Dougal S , Bailey Linda , Raine Rosalind 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between childhood obesity and modifiable population-level risk factors, after accounting for deprivation.Design:A review of the literature identified population-level risk factors including a healthy childcare setting, the local food environment, accessible open space, community safety and crime. Data for these risk factors were then identified and matched by each of the twenty-two local government areas in Wales to each child that had data on height and weight in the Wales Childhood Measurement Programme (CMP) (2012–2017). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations with childhood obesity.Setting:The current study was undertaken in Wales, UK, where approximately one in eight 4–5-year-olds are classified as obese.Participants:All participants were children aged 4 or 5 years who attend school, measured as part of the CMP, between 2012 and 2017 (n129 893, mean age 5·0 (sd0·4) years).Results:After adjusting for deprivation, small but statistically significant associations were found between childhood obesity and percentage of land available as accessible open space OR 0·981 (95 % CI: 0·973, 0·989)P< 0·001) and density of fast food outlets OR 1·002 (95 % CI 1·001, 1·004,P= 0·001). No other population-level risk factors were associated with childhood obesity.Conclusions:The current study indicates that, even after accounting for deprivation, risk factors such as the density of fast food outlets and access to green space should be considered when tackling childhood obesity as a public health issue.
Sodium concentration of pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Anson Siu Cheung , Coyle Daisy H , Wu Jason HY , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To describe the Na concentration of pre-packaged foods available in Hong Kong.Design:The Na concentrations (mg/100 g or mg/100 ml or per serving) of all pre-packaged foods available for sale in major supermarket chains in Hong Kong were obtained from the 2017 Hong Kong FoodSwitch database. Median and interquartile range (IQR) of Na concentration for different food groups and the proportion of foods and beverages considered low and high Na (<120 mg/100 g or mg/100 ml and >600 mg/100 g or mg/100 ml, respectively) were determined.Setting:Hong Kong.Participants:Not applicable.Results:We analysed 11 518 pre-packaged products. ‘Fruit and vegetables (including table salt)’ had the highest variability in Na concentration ranging from 0 to 39 000 mg/100 g, followed by ‘sauces, dressings, spreads and dips’ ranging from 0 to 34 130. The latter also had the highest median Na concentration (mg/100 g or mg/100 ml) at 1180 (IQR 446–3520), followed by meat and meat products (median 800, IQR 632–1068) and snack foods (median 650, IQR 453–926). Fish and fish products (median 531, 364–791) and meat and meat products (median 444, IQR 351–593) had the highest Na concentration per serving. Overall, 46·7 and 26·7 % of products were low and high in Na, respectively.Conclusions:Our results can serve as a baseline for food supply interventions in Hong Kong. We have identified several food groups as priority areas for reformulation, demonstrating the potential of such initiatives to improve the healthiness of the food supply in Hong Kong.
Advanced Microtexture Study of Anacardium occidentale L. Leaf Surface From the Amazon by Fractal Theory
Authors: Ramos Glenda Quaresma , Matos Robert Saraiva , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work applies stereometric parameters and fractal theory to characterize the structural complexity of the 3D surface roughness of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf using atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Surface roughness was studied by AFM in tapping mode, in air, on square areas of 6,400 and 10,000 μm2. The stereometric analyses using MountainsMap Premium and WSXM software provided detailed information on the 3D surface topography of the samples. These data showed that the morphology of the abaxial and adaxial side of the cashew leaf is different, which was also observed in relation to their microtextures. Fractal analysis showed that the adaxial and abaxial sides have strong microtexture homogeneity, but the adaxial side presented higher surface entropy. These results show that image processing associated with fractal theory can be an indispensable tool for identifying plant species by their leaves because this species has singularities on each side of the leaf.
Relationship between the religious attitudes of women with gynecologic cancer and mental adjustment to cancer
Authors: Duman Mesude , Durgun Ozan Yeter , Doğan Yüksekol Özlem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious attitudes of Muslim women with gynecologic cancer and mental adjustment to cancer.MethodsDesigned as a descriptive relational study, this study was conducted with 123 patients with gynecologic cancer. A personal information form, prepared in accordance with the literature, the Religious Attitude Scale (RAS), and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MACS) were used as data collection tools. The data were assessed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis.ResultsA positive correlation was determined between the RAS score and the fighting spirit subscale of the MACS (r= 0.65,p< 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the helplessness/hopelessness and anxious preoccupation subscales of the MACS and the RAS score (r= −0.40,p< 0.001;r= −0.30,p< 0.001, respectively).Significance of resultsThe present results are helpful in understanding the influence of religious attitudes on the mental adjustment to gynecologic cancer patients. The results can serve as a reference for nursing education and clinical healthcare practice. Palliative healthcare providers can participate in improved care by recognizing spiritual needs and by advocating for attention to spiritual needs as a routine part of cancer care.
The prevalence rates and adversities of delirium: Too common and disadvantageous
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Zipser Carl Moritz , Bode Leonie , Spiller Tobias , Deuel Jeremy , Osterhoff Georg , Ernst Jutta , Petry Heidi , Volbracht Joerk , von Känel Roland 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence rates and adversities of delirium have not yet been systematically evaluated and are based on selected populations, limited sample sizes, and pooled studies. Therefore, this study assesses the prevalence rates and outcome of and odds ratios for managing services for delirium.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 5, the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) construct, 28,118 patients from 35 managing services were included, and the prevalence rates and adverse outcomes were determined by simple logistic regressions and their corresponding odds ratios (ORs).ResultsDelirious patients were older, admitted from institutions (OR 3.44–5.2), admitted as emergencies (OR 1.87), hospitalized twice longer, and discharged, transferred to institutions (OR 5.47–6.6) rather than home (OR 0.1), or deceased (OR 43.88). The rate of undiagnosed delirium was 84.2%. The highest prevalence rates were recorded in the intensive care units (47.1–84.2%, pooled 67.9%); in the majority of medical services, rates ranged from 20% to 40% (pooled 26.2%), except, at both ends, palliative care (55.9%), endocrinology (8%), and rheumatology (4.4%). Conversely, in surgery and its related services, prevalence rates were lower (pooled 13.1%), except for cardio- and neurosurgical services (53.3% and 46.4%); the lowest prevalence rate was recorded in obstetrics (2%).Significance of resultsDelirium remains underdiagnosed, and novel screening approaches are required. Furthermore, this study identified the impact of delirium on patients, determined the prevalence rates for 32 services, and elucidated the association between individual services and delirium.