bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-flow nasal oxygen reduces endotracheal intubation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Andino Ricardo , Vega Gema , Pacheco Sandra Karina , Arevalillo Nuria , Leal Ana , Fernández Laura , Rodriguez María Jesús 
Published: September 2020

Background: The benefits of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as primary intervention in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are still a matter in debate. Our objective was to compare HFNC therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in the prevention of endotracheal intubation in this group of patients. Methods: An open-label, controlled and single-centre clinical trial was conducted in patients with severe AHRF, defined by a PaO2/FIO2 ratio ⩽200, to compare HFNC with a control group (CG) treated by COT delivered through a face mask, with the need to perform intubation as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included tolerance of the HFNC device and to look for the predictive factors for intubation in these patients. Results: A total of 46 patients were included (22 in the COT group and 24 in the HFNC group) 48% of whom needed intubation: 63% in the COT group and 33% in the HFNC group, with significant differences both in intention to treat [χ2 = 4.2; p = 0.04, relative risk (RR) = 0.5; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.3–1.0] and also in treatment analysis (χ2 = 4.7; p = 0.03; RR = 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9) We obtained a number needed to treat (NNT) = 3 patients treated to avoid an intubation. Intubation occurred significantly later in the HFNC group. Estimated PaO2/FIO2, respiratory rate and dyspnea were significantly better in the HFNC group. Patients treated with HFNC who required intubation presented significant worsening after the first 8 h, as compared with non-intubated HFNC group patients. Mortality was 22% with no differences. The HFNC group patients were hospitalized for almost half of the time in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the ward, with significantly less hospital length of stay. A total of 14 patients in the HFNC group (58%) complained of excessive heat and 17% of noise; 3 patients did not tolerate HFNC. Conclusion: Patients with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure who tolerate HFNC present a significantly lower need for endotracheal intubation compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Clinical Trial Register EUDRA CT number: 2012-001671-36 The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Clinical Evaluation of Buccal Fat Pad and Nasolabial Flap for Oral Submucous Fibrosis Intraoral Defects
Authors: Anehosur Venkatesh , Singh Pravesh K. , Dikhit Punit S. , Vadera Hitesh 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Surgical defects following fibrotomy in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are difficult to manage due to relapse, and local flaps play a pivotal role in covering the defect. The purpose of this study is to compare the buccal fat pad (BFP) and nasolabial flap (NLF) for the reconstruction of intraoral defects after the release of fibrous bands in patients with OSMF. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients with OSMF with surgical treatment of fibrotomy excision and reconstruction of the defect with 2 options. Thirty patients with OSMF were divided into 2 groups, group I (BFP) and group II (NLF). Both groups were analyzed for preoperative and postoperative mouth opening and oral commissural width; the extraoral scar was assessed using the Stony Brook Scar Assessment Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using paired and unpaired t test. Results: Thirty patients comprising 27 (90%) male and 3 (10%) female with ages ranging between 19 and 51 years were involved. The mean preoperative and postoperative interincisal mouth opening was 12 mm and 27 mm in group I and 11 mm and 38 mm in group II, respectively, showing a significant increase in group II, and the mean preoperative and postoperative commissural width was 52 mm and 58 mm in group I and 51 mm and 60 mm in group II, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed surgical protocol for the management of OSMF found NLF superior to BFP for the reconstruction of intraoral defects after the release of fibers in patients with OSMF, with a minimal residual scar.
Check the effects: systematic assessment of antipsychotic side-effects in an inpatient cohort
Authors: Hynes Caroline , McWilliams Stephen , Clarke Mark , Fitzgerald Ita , Feeney Larkin , Taylor Mark , Boland Fiona , Keating Dolores 
Published: September 2020

Background: Antipsychotics are associated with a range of side-effects that can influence patients’ subjective well-being negatively resulting in poor adherence. In order to limit the negative consequences of side-effects, they should be regularly systematically assessed. The aim of this study was to systematically assess antipsychotic side-effects in an inpatient cohort using validated rating scales. Methods: Eligible individuals prescribed an antipsychotic for at least 2 weeks were invited to have their side-effects assessed systematically. Results: A total of 208 individuals were assessed systematically for antipsychotic side-effects; 71.5% ( n = 138) stated that they had not reported side-effects to their clinician prior to the assessment. The most commonly reported side-effects were daytime drowsiness (75%), dry mouth (58.2%) and weight gain (50.0%), while the most distressing side-effects reported were erectile dysfunction (35.0%), sexual dysfunction (26.3%) and amenorrhoea (26.3%). There was no evidence of an association between side-effect severity/number of side-effects reported/distress caused by those taking high dose/combination antipsychotics versus standard dose monotherapy. Conclusion: Side-effects must be regularly and systematically assessed using a validated rating scale. As distress caused by side-effects plays a major role in non-adherence, assessment should examine distress and data on distressing side-effects should be available to those choosing an antipsychotic. Given the lack of correlation between high dose/combination antipsychotics and side-effects, treatment should be tailored to the individual based on response/tolerance and dose reduction/avoidance of polypharmacy should not be recommended to minimise side-effects.
Treatment Outcomes in Spinal Metastatic Disease With Indeterminate Stability
Authors: Dial Brian L. , Catanzano Anthony A. , Esposito Valentine , Steele John , Fletcher Amanda , Ryan Sean P. , Kirkpatrick John P. , Goodwin C. Rory , Torok Jordon , Hopkins Thomas , Mendoza-Lattes Sergio 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between different treatment modalities for metastatic disease with indeterminate instability (Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score [SINS] 7-12). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed neurologically intact patients treated for spinal metastatic disease with a SINS of 7 to 12. The cohort was stratified by treatment approach: external beam radiation therapy alone (EBRT), surgery + EBRT (S+E), and cement augmentation + EBRT (K+E). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess differences in length of survival (LOS) and ability to ambulate at time of death. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess adjusted LOS and ability to ambulate at time of death. Results: The cohort included 211 patients, S+E (n = 57), EBRT (n = 128), and K+E (n = 27). In the S+E group, the median LOS was 430 days, which was statistically longer than the median LOS for the EBRT group (121 days) and the K+E group (169 days). In the S+E group, 52 patients (91.2%) and in the K+E group 24 patients (92.3%) retained the ability to ambulate at their time of death compared to 99 patients (77.3%) of the EBRT patients ( P = .01). The overall rate of revision treatment at the spinal level initially treated was 17.5%, S+E (15.8%), EBRT (20.3%), and K+E (7.7%). Conclusions: The length of survival, ability to maintain ambulatory ability, and revision treatment rates were all improved following surgical management and radiation therapy compared to radiation therapy alone. The authors’ conclusion from these results are that patients with indeterminate spinal instability should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting for the need of spinal stabilization in addition to radiation therapy.
Comparison of Accuracy and Clinical Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Pedicle Screw Placement in Posterior Cervical Surgery
Authors: Su Xin-Jin , Lv Zhen-Dong , Chen Zhi , Wang Kun , Zhu Chao , Chen Hao , Han Ying-Chao , Song Qing-Xin , Lao Li-Feng , Zhang Yu-Hui , Li Quan , Shen Hong-Xing 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: This was a prospective controlled study. Objective: To compare the accuracy and clinical outcomes of robot-assisted (RA) and fluoroscopy-guided (FG) pedicle screw placement in posterior cervical surgery. Methods: This study included 58 patients. The primary outcome measures were the 1-time success rate and the accuracy of pedicle screw placement according to the Gertzbein-Robbins scales. The secondary outcome measures, including the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, cumulative radiation time, radiation dose, intraoperative advent events, and postoperative complications, were recorded and analyzed. The Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) scores and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to assess the neurological function of patients before and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The rate of grade A was significantly higher in the RA group than in the FG group (90.6% and 71.1%; P < .001). The clinically acceptable accuracy was 97.2% in the RA group and 90.7% in the FG group ( P = .009). Moreover, the 1-time success rate was significantly higher in the RA group than in the FG group. The RA group had less radiation time ( P < .001) and less radiation dose ( P = .002) but longer operative time ( P = .001). There were no significant differences in terms of intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, intraoperative adverse events, postoperative complications, JOA scores, and NDI scores at each follow-up time point between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The RA technique achieved higher accuracy and 1-time success rate of pedicle screw placement in posterior cervical surgery while achieving comparable clinical outcomes.
Machine Learning Outperforms Logistic Regression Analysis to Predict Next-Season NHL Player Injury: An Analysis of 2322 Players From 2007 to 2017
Authors: Luu Bryan C. , Wright Audrey L. , Haeberle Heather S. , Karnuta Jaret M. , Schickendantz Mark S. , Makhni Eric C. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Williams Riley J. , Ramkumar Prem N. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The opportunity to quantitatively predict next-season injury risk in the National Hockey League (NHL) has become a reality with the advent of advanced computational processors and machine learning (ML) architecture. Unlike static regression analyses that provide a momentary prediction, ML algorithms are dynamic in that they are readily capable of imbibing historical data to build a framework that improves with additive data. Purpose: To (1) characterize the epidemiology of publicly reported NHL injuries from 2007 to 2017, (2) determine the validity of a machine learning model in predicting next-season injury risk for both goalies and position players, and (3) compare the performance of modern ML algorithms versus logistic regression (LR) analyses. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Professional NHL player data were compiled for the years 2007 to 2017 from 2 publicly reported databases in the absence of an official NHL-approved database. Attributes acquired from each NHL player from each professional year included age, 85 performance metrics, and injury history. A total of 5 ML algorithms were created for both position player and goalie data: random forest, K Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, XGBoost, and Top 3 Ensemble. LR was also performed for both position player and goalie data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) primarily determined validation. Results: Player data were generated from 2109 position players and 213 goalies. For models predicting next-season injury risk for position players, XGBoost performed the best with an AUC of 0.948, compared with an AUC of 0.937 for LR ( P < .0001). For models predicting next-season injury risk for goalies, XGBoost had the highest AUC with 0.956, compared with an AUC of 0.947 for LR ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Advanced ML models such as XGBoost outperformed LR and demonstrated good to excellent capability of predicting whether a publicly reportable injury is likely to occur the next season.
Oxycalciomicrolite, (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb,Ti)2O6(O,F), a new member of the microlite group (pyrochlore supergroup) from the Paleoproterozoic São João del Rei Pegmatite Province, Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Menezes da Silva Victor H.R. , Ávila Ciro A. , Neumann Reiner , Faulstich Fabiano R.L. , Alves Felipe E.A. , de Almeida Filipe B. , Cidade Tais Proença , Sousa Sarah Siqueira da Cruz Guimarães 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxycalciomicrolite (IMA2019-110), (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb,Ti)2O6(O,F), is a new member of microlite-group mineral found in the saprolite of the weathered Fumal pegmatite, located close to the city of Nazareno, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It occurs as an accessory mineral associated with quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite, columbite-subgroup minerals, cassiterite, hematite, ilmenite, monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), zircon, beryl, spinel, epidote and garnet-group minerals. Oxycalciomicrolite is found as octahedral crystals, occasionally modified to rhombododecahedra, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mm in size. The crystals are brownish-yellow to brownish-red and translucent, with white streak and vitreous to resinous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, with a Mohs hardness of 5–5½. Cleavage and parting are not observed; the fracture is conchoidal. Electron microprobe analysis, Raman and infrared spectroscopies and X-ray powder diffraction were applied to characterise this mineral. Oxycalciomicrolite is isotropic, ncalc. = 2.037, and the calculated density is 6.333 g/cm3. The composition is (Ca1.57□0.26Na0.06Sn0.03Sr0.03U0.02Mn0.02Fe0.01Ce0.01)∑2.00(Ta1.79Nb0.18Ti0.03)∑2.00O6.00[O0.64F0.19□0.17]∑1.00 analysed by electron microprobe using wavelength dispersive spectrometry. The unit-cell parameters obtained by Pawley fitting from powder X-ray diffraction data are a = 10.4325(4) Å and V = 1135.46(14) Å3 with Z = 8.
Age-dependent and radial sectional differences in the dynamic viscoelastic properties of bamboo culms and their possible relationship with the lignin structures
Authors: Okahisa Yoko , Kojiro Keisuke , Ashiya Hatsuki , Tomita Takeru , Furuta Yuzo , Yamamura Masaomi , Umezawa Toshiaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAge is an important factor that dictates bamboo’s mechanical properties. In Japan, bamboo plants aged 3–5 years are selected for use as materials because of their robustness and decorative or craft-friendly characteristics. In this study, the age-dependent and radial sectional differences in bamboo’s dynamic viscoelastic properties in relation to lignin structural variation, were evaluated. We usedPhyllostachys pubescenssamples at the current year and at 1.5, 3.5, 6.5, 9.5, 12.5, and 15.5 years of age. There was a clear age dependence in the peak temperature of tanδand in the yield of thioacidolysis products derived fromβ-O-4 lignin structures. The highest peak temperature tanδvalue was detected in 3.5-year-old bamboo, which contained the highest amount of the thioacidolysis products. Moreover, tanδ’s peak temperature was always higher on the outer side, and the ratio of S/G thioacidolysis products was always higher on the inner side of bamboo plants of all ages. These results suggest that changes in bamboo’s thermal softening properties from aging are caused by the maturation and degradation of lignin in bamboo.
Impact of long-term glucose variability on coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 2.3 year follow-up study
Authors: Li Suhua , Tang Xixiang , Luo Yanting , Wu Bingyuan , Huang Zhuoshan , Li Zexiong , Peng Long , Ling Yesheng , Zhu Jieming , Zhong Junlin , Liu Jinlai , Chen Yanming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Glycemic variability (GV) confers a risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether long-term GV has an impact on coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
A total of 396 patients with T2DM who had coronary computed tomography angiography and laboratory data available at baseline and for follow-up evaluations [median 2.3 (1.8–3.1) years] were included. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured every 1–3 months, and HbA1c was measured quarterly. The coefficient of variation (CV) of HbA1c and FPG were calculated as measures of GV. Quantitative assessment of coronary plaques was performed by measuring the annual change and progression rate of total plaque volume (TPV). Significant progression was defined as annual TPV progression ≥ 15%. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the effects of GV on atherosclerosis progression.

Results
In the 396 patients, the annual change in TPV was 12.35 ± 14.23 mm3, and annual progression rate was 13.36 ± 12.69%. There were 143 (36.11%) patients with significant progression, and they had a significantly higher CV-HbA1c (P < 0.001) and CV-FPG (P < 0.001) than those without significant progression. In multivariable regression analyses, both CV-HbA1c and CV-FPG were independent predictors of annual change in TPV [CV-HbA1c: β = 0.241 (0.019–0.462), P = 0.034; CV-FPG: β = 0.265 (0.060–0.465), P = 0.012], annual TPV progression [CV-HbA1c: β = 0.214 (0.023–0.405), P = 0.029; CV-FPG: β = 0.218 (0.037–0.399), P = 0.019], and significant atherosclerosis progression [CV-HbA1c: odds ratio [OR] = 1.367 (1.149–1.650), P = 0.010; CV-FPG: OR = 1.321 (1.127–1.634), P = 0.013].

Conclusions
Long-term GV is associated with accelerated progression of coronary atherosclerosis independent of conventional risk factors in patients with T2DM.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02587741), October 27, 2015; retrospectively registered
Joint analysis of lncRNA m6A methylome and lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in gastric cancer
Authors: Lv Zhi , Sun Liping , Xu Qian , Xing Chengzhong , Yuan Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundN6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification might be closely associated with the genesis and development of gastric cancer (GC). Currently, the evidence established by high-throughput assay for GC-related m6A patterns based on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains limited. Here, a joint analysis of lncRNA m6A methylome and lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in GC was performed to explore the regulatory roles of m6A modification in lncRNAs.MethodsThree subjects with primary GC were enrolled in our study and paired sample was randomly selected from GC tissue and adjacent normal tissue for each case. Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation NextGeneration Sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) and Microarray Gene Expression Profiling was subsequently performed. Then co-expression analysis and gene enrichment analysis were successively conducted.ResultsAfter data analysis, we identified 191 differentially m6A-methylated lncRNAs, 240 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 229 differentially expressed mRNAs in GC. Furthermore, four differentially m6A-methylated and expressed lncRNAs (dme-lncRNAs) were discovered including RASAL2-AS1, LINC00910, SNHG7 and LINC01105. Their potential target genes were explored by co-expression analysis. And gene enrichment analysis suggested that they might influence the cellular processes and biological behaviors involved in mitosis and cell cycle. The potential impacts of these targets on GC cells were further validated by CCLE database and literature review.ConclusionsFour novel dme-lncRNAs were identified in GC, which might exert regulatory roles on GC cell proliferation. The present study would provide clues for the lncRNA m6A methylation-based research on GC epigenetic etiology and pathogenesis.
Managing intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy challenges: an ethnographic study of two Ghanaian administrative regions
Authors: Aberese-Ako Matilda , Magnussen Pascal , Gyapong Margaret , Ampofo Gifty D. , Tagbor Harry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is an important public health problem across sub-Saharan Africa. The package of measures for its control in Ghana in the last 20 years include regular use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs), directly-observed administration (DOT) of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and prompt and effective case management of MiP. Unfortunately, Ghana like other sub-Saharan African countries did not achieve the reset Abuja targets of 100% of pregnant women having access to IPTp and 100% using LLINs by 2015.

Methods
This ethnographic study explored how healthcare managers dealt with existing MiP policy implementation challenges and the consequences on IPTp-SP uptake and access to maternal healthcare. The study collected date using non-participant observations, conversations, in-depth interviews and case studies in eight health facilities and 12 communities for 12 months in two Administrative regions in Ghana.

Results
Healthcare managers addressed frequent stock-outs of malaria programme drugs and supplies from the National Malaria Control Programme and delayed reimbursement from the NHIS, by instituting co-payment, rationing and prescribing drugs for women to buy from private pharmacies. This ensured that facilities had funds to pay creditors, purchase drugs and supplies for health service delivery. However, it affected their ability to enforce DOT and to monitor adherence to treatment. Women who could afford maternal healthcare and MiP services and those who had previously benefitted from such services were happy to access uninterrupted services. Women who could not maternal healthcare services resorted to visiting other sources of health care, delaying ANC and skipping scheduled ANC visits. Consequently, some clients did not receive the recommended 5 + doses of SP, others did not obtain LLINs early and some did not obtain treatment for MiP. Healthcare providers felt frustrated whenever they could not provide comprehensive care to women who could not afford comprehensive maternal and MiP care.

Conclusion
For Ghana to achieve her goal of controlling MiP, the Ministry of Health and other supporting institutions need to ensure prompt reimbursement of funds, regular supply of programme drugs and medical supplies to public, faith-based and private health facilities.