bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme growth reaction of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from the Polish Sudetes and Carpathians: spatial distribution and climate impact
Authors: Danek Małgorzata , Chuchro Monika , Danek Tomasz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Key message
Extreme growth reaction analysis shows that larches in the Sudetes are more vulnerable to climate changes, but negative extreme responses will also be observed in the Carpathians in the near future.

Abstract
Pointer year analysis provides information on extreme tree-ring growth reactions, which can significantly improve the interpretation of tree growth response to climate. Similarities and differences in extreme growth responses of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from the Carpathians and the Sudetes (Polish parts) were studied. To this purpose, a pointer year analysis was performed. Regions with similar extreme growth response patterns to climatic conditions were distinguished. The spatial variability of extreme growth anomalies and the distribution of the determined widespread pointer years and their possible climatic forcing were analyzed. A coincidence of the positive pointer years observed in the Sudetes and lower Carpathians with wet and cold summers (especially during the previous year) was observed. Most of the subregional negative pointer years in the Sudetes are related to droughts whereas in the Carpathians this relation was not observed. Comparison of the extreme growth reaction of larch in both mountain regions suggest that larches in the Sudetes are more vulnerable to climate changes as the negative pointer years observed in the Sudetes are usually associated with droughts that are likely to intensify in the future. Similarities in the drivers of extreme responses of larch in both regions and predicted changes in climatic conditions suggest that negative extreme responses will also be observed in the Carpathians in the near future. The highest parts of the Carpathians (the Tatra Mountains) should be treated separately as both positive and negative pointer years observed there are temperature related. The obtained results suggest that the growth of larch stands in both regions will be negatively affected by predicted climate changes.
Neophobia and social facilitation in narrow-striped mongooses
Authors: Rasolofoniaina Bako N. , Kappeler Peter M. , Fichtel Claudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial learning is widespread in the animal kingdom, but individuals can differ in how they acquire and use social information. Personality traits, such as neophobia, may, for example, promote individual learning strategies. Here, we contribute comparative data on social learning strategies in carnivorans by examining whether narrow-striped mongooses (Mungotictis decemlineata), a group-living Malagasy euplerid, learn socially and whether neophobia influences social learning. To this end, we tested seven wild female groups with a two-option artificial feeding box, using a demonstrator–observer paradigm, and conducted novel object tests to assess neophobia. In five groups, one individual was trained as a demonstrator displaying one of the techniques, whereas the other two groups served as control groups. Neophobia did not co-vary with an individual’s propensity to seek social information. However, less neophobic individuals, and individuals that tended to seek social information, learned the task faster. Moreover, individuals in demonstrator groups learned the task faster than those in groups without a demonstrator and used the demonstrated technique more often. Hence, narrow-striped mongooses rely on social facilitation and local or stimulus enhancement to solve new problems. Finally, our results suggest that several individual characteristics should be taken into consideration to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of social learning strategies.
Limits and pitfalls of indirect revascularization in moyamoya disease and syndrome
Authors: Fiaschi Pietro , Scala Marcello , Piatelli Gianluca , Tortora Domenico , Secci Francesca , Cama Armando , Pavanello Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMoyamoya vasculopathy is a rare chronic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the stenosis of the terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries and the proximal tracts of anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Although surgical revascularization does not significantly change the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, it plays a pivotal role in the management of affected individuals, allowing to decrease the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. Surgical approaches may be direct (extracranial-intracranial bypass), indirect, or a combination of the two. Several indirect techniques classifiable according to the tissue (muscle, periosteum, galea, dura mater, and extracranial tissues) or vessel (artery) used as a source of blood supply are currently available. In this study, we reviewed the pertinent literature and analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and pitfalls of the most relevant indirect revascularization techniques. We discussed the technical aspects and the therapeutical implications of each procedure, providing a current state-of-the-art overview on the limits and pitfalls of indirect revascularization in the treatment of moyamoya vasculopathy.
Personenbezogene Gesundheitsdaten in einer Pandemie – ethische und rechtliche Aspekte
Authors: Schmidhuber Martina , Stöger Karl 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie ist immer wieder das Argument zu hören gewesen, Gesundheitsschutz müsse dem Datenschutz jedenfalls vorgehen. In dieser Pauschalität ist diese Aussage zwar plakativ, aber weder aus ethischer noch aus rechtlicher Sicht zutreffend. Eine Pandemie kann zwar durchaus einen Grund dafür liefern, vorübergehend auf Gesundheitsdaten zuzugreifen. Dabei ist aber zum einen darauf zu achten, dass dies nur in unbedingt notwendigem Ausmaß erfolgt und zum anderen, in welchem größeren Kontext diese Daten verwendet werden. Dieser Beitrag skizziert an drei Beispielen – Risikoatteste, Tracking Apps und Immunitätszertifikate – einige der dabei zu berücksichtigenden ethischen und rechtlichen Überlegungen. Damit soll verdeutlicht werden, dass auch in der Pandemie die Abwägung von Argumenten und die Verhältnismäßigkeit der ergriffenen Maßnahmen nicht aus den Augen verloren werden dürfen.
r-Harmonic and Complex Isoparametric Functions on the Lie Groups $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m \ltimes {{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$ and $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m \ltimes \mathrm {H}^{2n+1}$$
Authors: Gudmundsson Sigmundur , Sobak Marko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the notion of complex isoparametric functions on Riemannian manifolds. These are then employed to devise a general method for constructing proper r-harmonic functions. We then apply this to construct the first known explicit proper r-harmonic functions on the Lie group semidirect products $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m \ltimes {{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

m

⋉

R

n

and $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m \ltimes \mathrm {H}^{2n+1}$$

R

m

⋉

H

2
n
+
1

, where $$\mathrm {H}^{2n+1}$$

H

2
n
+
1

denotes the classical $$(2n+1)$$

(
2
n
+
1
)

-dimensional Heisenberg group. In particular, we construct such examples on all the simply connected irreducible four-dimensional Lie groups.
Firm-specific advantages: a comprehensive review with a focus on emerging markets
Authors: Adarkwah Gilbert Kofi , Malonæs Tine Petersen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consolidate and comprehensively review the international business (IB) literature on the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) of emerging market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs). We do so through a systematic examination of 88 empirical and conceptual articles published in top-ranked IB journals between 2011 and 2018. The results reveal that in the past decades, EM MNEs have acquired several of the same FSAs as their counterparts in developed countries (developed country enterprises or DC MNEs) - financial resources, technologies, marketing capabilities, brand equity, R&D intensity, and management competencies. However, more recently, EM MNEs have developed additional unique FSAs in the form of managerial capabilities - to cope with competition in uncertain and constantly changing environments; easy access to cheaper capital; a stronger commitment to networks, such as those with diaspora communities; and, political connections. These additional FSAs have catalyzed the internationalization of EM MNEs. Our study also shows that some hurdles remain in the IB literature on FSAs. For instance, while IB scholars agree that EM MNEs have different investment motives depending on whether they invest in other emerging economies or developed economies, scholars are silent on the exact FSAs necessary to make EM MNEs investments in the respective economies successful. To advance the IB literature, we present some promising future research areas and challenge scholars to pursue further empirical studies on the FSAs of EM MNEs.
Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum
Authors: Hamasaki Yukiko , Pionnié-Dax Nancy , Dorard Géraldine , Tajan Nicolas , Hikida Takatoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHikikomoriis a Japanese term for social withdrawal, ranging from complete inability to venture outdoors to preferring to stay inside. The prevalence ofhikikomoriis high, up to 1.2% of the Japanese population, but only few studies have examined its emergence in adolescents. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental and psycho-behavioral characteristics related tohikikomoriduring adolescence. Parents of middle school students who underwent psychiatric outpatient treatment forhikikomori(n = 20) and control group parents (n = 88) completed the Child Behavior Checklist to evaluate their child’s psycho-behavioral characteristics and novel scales to evaluate environmental characteristics andhikikomoriseverity. Scores for all eight Child Behavior Checklist subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that “anxious/depressed,” “somatic complaints,” “lack of communication between parents” and “overuse of the Internet” were significant predictors ofhikikomoriseverity. These findings can help identify individuals who are at risk of developinghikikomori.
For real: a thorough look at numeric attributes in subgroup discovery
Authors: Meeng Marvin , Knobbe Arno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubgroup discovery (SD) is an exploratory pattern mining paradigm that comes into its own when dealing with large real-world data, which typically involves many attributes, of a mixture of data types. Essential is the ability to deal with numeric attributes, whether they concern the target (a regression setting) or the description attributes (by which subgroups are identified). Various specific algorithms have been proposed in the literature for both cases, but a systematic review of the available options is missing. This paper presents a generic framework that can be instantiated in various ways in order to create different strategies for dealing with numeric data. The bulk of the work in this paper describes an experimental comparison of a considerable range of numeric strategies in SD, where these strategies are organised according to four central dimensions. These experiments are furthermore repeated for both the classification task (target is nominal) and regression task (target is numeric), and the strategies are compared based on the quality of the top subgroup, and the quality and redundancy of the top-k result set. Results of three search strategies are compared: traditional beam search, complete search, and a variant of diverse subgroup set discovery called cover-based subgroup selection. Although there are various subtleties in the outcome of the experiments, the following general conclusions can be drawn: it is often best to determine numeric thresholds dynamically (locally), in a fine-grained manner, with binary splits, while considering multiple candidate thresholds per attribute.
Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider
Authors: Jonsson Jakob , Hodgins David C. , Munck Ingrid , Carlbring Per 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTelephone and letter-based motivational interventions with high expenditure gamblers have significant short and long term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This report examines how different subtypes of gamblers, based upon patterns of play, are differentially affected. A randomized controlled trial design with three conditions (n = 1003 in each): feedback intervention by letter, telephone or a no-contact control condition. Subtypes of gamblers were derived by latent class analyses (LCA) based upon gambling behavior pre intervention. The participants were customers of Norsk Tipping gambling platforms. 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age, and net losses. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping customer database. The LCA identified six subtypes: High Casino, High Sport, High Lottery, High Video lottery terminal (VLT), Lottery/Mix and Bingo/Casino. There were almost no differences in change in TL between the six subtypes of gamblers receiving the letter or telefone interventions respectively. However, the choice of contact by letter or telephone did have different effects for the different gambling subtypes. Sending a letter seems like a cost effective alternative to telephone contact for the High Lottery type, but telephone contact performs better for High Casino, High Sport and High VLT customers. Responsible gambling interventions can be improved by subtyping of gamblers.
Materiality in Julio Cortázar’s literature—rereading “Axolotl,” “No se culpe a nadie” and the almanac books
Authors: Abrego Verónica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the light of the material turn in the Humanities some aspects of Julio Cortázar’s (1914–1984) work become very evident today as a laboratory of the future. For Cortázar, reading was a transforming impulse, part of a process of liberation from mental ties to which he contributed as an author, challenging the barrier between the fantastic and the real, the limit between the human and the animal, between the living and the inert. Thus, as a critic on blind Modernity, Cortázar, from his stories, questions anthropocentrism in a gesture that in the current crisis of the Anthropocene could not be more topical. Moreover, while he supported the transformation of people’s material conditions of life in Latin America, he innovated and celebrated literature in intermedial texts that are the decanted result of a creative performance, embedded in the strongly transcultural context of a diaspora that was first voluntary and then became exile.
Do corporate insiders trade on future stock price crash risk?
Authors: He Guanming , Ren Helen Mengbing , Taffler Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explore whether firm managers trade on future stock price crash risk. This depends on managers’ ability to assess future crash risk, and on whether the expected payoff is greater than the expected costs associated with potential reputation loss and litigation risk. We find that insider sales are positively associated with future crash risk, which is consistent with managers’ trading on crash risk for personal gain. We also find that managers take advantage of high information opacity to pursue crash-risk-based insider sales more aggressively, but are less able to capitalize on this in the case of financial constraints or post-SOX.
Nanoscale Perspectives of Metal Degradation via In Situ Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Lambeets Sten V. , Kautz Elizabeth J. , Wirth Mark G. , Orren Graham J. , Devaraj Arun , Perea Daniel E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report a unique in situ instrument development effort dedicated to studying gas/solid interactions relevant to heterogeneous catalysis and early stages of oxidation of materials via atom probe tomography and microscopy (APM). An in situ reactor cell, similar in concept to other reports, has been developed to expose nanoscale volumes of material to reactive gas environments, in which temperature, pressure, and gas chemistry are well controlled. We demonstrate that the combination of this reactor cell with APM techniques can aid in building a better mechanistic understanding of resultant composition and surface and subsurface structure changes accompanying gas/surface reactions in metal and metal alloy systems through a series of case studies: O2/Rh, O2/Co, and O2/Zircaloy-4. In addition, the basis of a novel operando mode of analysis within an atom probe instrument is also reported. The work presented here supports the implementation of APM techniques dedicated to atomic to near-atomically resolved gas/surface interaction studies of materials broadly relevant to heterogeneous catalysis and oxidation.
The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease
Authors: Stewart Ian J. , Poltavskiy Eduard , Howard Jeffrey T. , Janak Jud C. , Pettey Warren , Zarzabal Lee Ann , Walker Lauren E. , Beyer Carl A. , Sim Alan , Suo Ying , Redd Andrew , Chung Kevin K. , Gundlapalli Adi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
A better understanding of the long-term health effects of combat injury is important for the management of veterans’ health in the Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems and may have implications for primary care management of civilian trauma patients.

Objective
To determine the impact of traumatic injury on the subsequent development of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) after adjustment for sociodemographic, health behavior, and mental health factors.

Design
Retrospective cohort study of current and former US military personnel with data obtained from both the DoD and VA health care systems.

Participants
Combat injured (n = 8727) service members between 1 February 2002 and 14 June 2016 randomly selected from the DoD Trauma Registry matched 1:1 based on year of birth, sex, and branch of service to subjects that deployed to a combat zone but were not injured.

Main Measures
Traumatic injury, stratified by severity, compared with no documented injury. Diagnoses of HTN, DM, and CAD defined by International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes.

Key Results
After adjustment, severe traumatic injury was significantly associated with HTN (HR 2.78, 95% CI 2.18–3.55), DM (HR 4.45, 95% CI 2.15–9.18), and CAD (HR 4.87, 95% CI 2.11–11.25), compared with no injury. Less severe injury was associated with HTN (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24) and CAD (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11–2.37).

Conclusions
Severe traumatic injury is associated with the subsequent development of HTN, DM, and CAD. These findings have profound implications for the primary care of injured service members in both the DoD/VA health systems and may be applicable to civilian trauma patients as well. Further exploration of pathophysiologic, health behavior, and mental health changes after trauma is warranted to guide future intervention strategies.
Challenges in re-designing operations and jobs to embody AI and robotics in services. Findings from a case in the hospitality industry
Authors: Mingotto Erica , Montaguti Federica , Tamma Michele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and service robots in the tourism industry for frontline service automation is generating a growing interest. Although there is a fairly large body of literature about this research field, the impacts on the service encounter need to be further investigated. The paper presents an action research project that led to employ the humanoid robot “Pepper”, equipped with a supervised machine-learning AI system, at the reception of an Italian hotel to provide information to clients. This allowed to explore the role played by this agent and the effects on the changing role taken by frontline employees (FLE) and customers. Findings show that this technology can act as an augmentation force and that FLEs’ role can evolve mainly into that of enabler - of the customers and of technology -, innovator and coordinator, while customers may take above all the role of enabler of the technology. The study also contributes to introduce the new role of “AI supervisor” among FLEs.
A review of molecular dynamics simulations in the designing of effective shale inhibitors: application for drilling with water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Swai Rogers Evarist 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen drilling for oil and gas, maintaining wellbore stability is of primary importance to reduce non-productive time and trouble cost. Shale swelling causes many problems related to stability when drilling with water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). For many years, it remains the number one cause of time wastage and well abandonment. Different shale samples have different chemical compositions that affect their behavior when in contact with water. This factor makes laboratory-based analysis and characterization of the swelling mechanisms and action of swelling inhibitors extremely challenging. Moreover, the need to replicate different conditions at which clay–water interactions might occur necessitates using a different technique. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can be used as a supplement technique to help interpret experimental studies, test and improve a theoretical model, and provide empirical data in high-pressure and high-temperature condition of the borehole. MD simulation applies Newton’s second law of motion to describe particles’ movement in a classical system. The technique can be performed on the time scale of nanoseconds, and in three dimensions, it is thus sufficient for the study of clay–water interaction at a molecular level. It provides a unique view of the clay mineral interlayer and surface activities. This work reviews the progress in MD simulations of clay swelling and its inhibition mechanisms for application in petroleum drilling operations.