bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
c‐KIT‐ERK1/2 signaling activated ELK1 and upregulated carcinoembryonic antigen expression to promote colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Ma Jian , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Abbas Muhammad Khawar , Yang Liu , Sun Haimei , Sun Tingyi , Wu Bo , Yang Shu , Zhou Deshan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is highly expressed in embryo and colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been widely used as a marker for CRC. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that elevated CEA levels promote CRC progression. However, the mechanism of the increased CEA expression in patients with primary and recurrent CRC is still an open question. In this study, we showed that c‐KIT, ELK1, and CEA were hyperexpressed in patients with CRC, especially patients with recurrent disease. From bioinformatics analysis, we picked ELK1 as a candidate transcription factor (TF) for CEA; the binding site of ELK1 within the CEA promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays. Overexpression of ELK1 increased CEA expression in vitro, while knockdown of ELK1 decreased CEA. Upregulated ELK1 promoted the adhesion, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, however knockdown of CEA blocked the activities of ELK1‐overexpressed CRC cells. Furthermore, we explored the role of c‐KIT‐ERK1/2 signaling in activation of ELK1. Blocking c‐KIT signaling using Imatinib or ISCK03 reduced p‐ELK1 expression and consequently decreased CEA levels in CRC cells, as did blocking the ERK1/2 pathway by U0126. Compared with wild type littermates, the c‐kit loss‐of‐functional Wadsm/m mice showed lowered c‐KIT, ELK1, and CEA expression. In conclusion, our study revealed that ELK1, which was activated by c‐KIT‐ERK1/2 signaling, was a key TF for CEA expression. Blocking ELK1 or its upstream signaling could be an alternative way to decelerate CRC progression. Besides being a biomarker for CRC, CEA could be used for guiding targeted therapy.
Long‐term swallowing outcomes of radiotherapy and transoral laser microsurgery for T1 glottic cancer treatment
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Turhal Goksel , Durusoy Duygu , Sahin Emre , Akagunduz Ozlem , Eyigor Sibel , Akyildiz Serdar , Esassolak Mustafa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionBoth CO2 transoral laser microsurgery (CO2 TOLMS) and radiotherapy (RT) are standard of care in early glottic carcinoma. However, previous studies focus on voice outcomes rather than swallowing outcomes. This study aimed to compare the late post‐treatment effects of CO2 TOLMS and RT treatment on swallowing function in T1 glottic carcinoma.MethodsForty patients (20 CO2 TOLMS and 20 RT) with T1 glottic cancer between May 2015 and January 2019 were included. Certain types of foods triggering dysphagia, any difficulties in bolus control, need to clean the throat, the sensation of lumping in the throat, choking, cough and xerostomia were questioned. Also, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS), Eating Assessment Tool‐10 test (EAT‐10) and flexible fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) findings were assessed.ResultsCO2 TOLMS patients performed significantly better than the RT group regarding penetration and aspiration with 10 and 20 mL water according to the Penetration and Aspiration Scale (P < .05). The mean EAT‐10 Score was found 0 in the CO2 TOLMS group, and 3.20 ± 3.24 in the RT group (P < .05) (lower score indicates a better outcome). According to the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Scale for vallecula, there was no statistically significant difference in vallecular residue between the groups (P > .05). A significantly lesser residue in piriform sinus was detected in the CO2 TOLMS group compared to the RT group with 5 mL and 10 mL water, 5 mL and 20 mL honey consistency food and yogurt according to Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Scale (P < .05).ConclusionIt is suggested that in the long term, CO2 TOLMS is more advantageous regarding swallowing function in the treatment of T1 glottic cancer.
Evolving thermal thresholds explain the distribution of temperature sex reversal in an Australian dragon lizard
Authors: Castelli Meghan A. , Georges Arthur , Cherryh Caitlin , Rosauer Dan F. , Sarre Stephen D. , Contador‐Kelsall Isabella , Holleley Clare E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimSpecies with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) are particularly vulnerable to climate change because a resultant skew in population sex ratio can have severe demographic consequences and increase vulnerability to local extinction. The Australian central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) has a thermosensitive ZZ male/ZW female system of genetic sex determination (GSD). High incubation temperatures cause reversal of the ZZ genotype to a viable female phenotype. Nest temperatures in the wild are predicted to vary on a scale likely to produce heterogeneity in the occurrence of sex reversal, and so we predict that sex reversal will correlate positively with inferred incubation conditions.LocationMainland Australia.MethodsWild‐caught specimens of P. vitticeps vouchered in museum collections and collected during targeted field trips were genotypically and phenotypically sexed to determine the distribution of sex reversal across the species range. To determine whether environmental conditions or genetic structure can explain this distribution, we infer the incubation conditions experienced by each individual and apply a multi‐model inference approach to determine which conditions associate with sex reversal. Further, we conduct reduced representation sequencing on a subset of specimens to characterize the population structure of this broadly distributed species.ResultsHere we show that sex reversal in this widespread Australian dragon lizard is spatially restricted to the eastern part of the species range. Neither climatic variables during the inferred incubation period nor geographic population genetic structure explain this disjunct distribution of sex reversal. The main source of genetic variation arose from isolation by distance across the species range.Main conclusionsWe propose that local genetic adaptation in the temperature threshold for sex reversal can counteract the sex‐reversing influence of high incubation temperatures in P. vitticeps. Our study demonstrates that complex evolutionary processes need to be incorporated into modelling biological responses to future climate scenarios.
Tiludronic acid can be detected in blood and urine samples from Thoroughbred racehorses over 3 years after last administration
Authors: Riggs Chris M. , Thompson Sarah L. , So Yat‐Ming , Wong Jenny K.Y. , Wan Terence S.M. , Robinson Paul , Stewart Brian D. , Ho Emmie N.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of bisphosphonates, including tiludronic acid, to Thoroughbred racehorses below 3 and a half years of age is prohibited in most racing jurisdictions.ObjectivesTo determine if evidence of administration of tiludronic acid could be obtained from analysis of blood and urine samples beyond 40 days after administration.Study designRetrospective cohort.MethodsHorses maintained in a highly controlled environment and treated with Tildren®a were selected from clinical records. Twenty‐four horses were identified, 21 of which were still in race training. Blood and urine samples were collected and analysed for the presence of tiludronic acid using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry.ResultsTiludronic acid was detected in samples from every horse, including two that had been given a therapeutic dose of the drug 3 years prior to sample collection. The estimated concentrations of tiludronic acid in the blood collected at least 2 years post‐administration were consistently very low (less than 0.3 ng/mL). The estimated concentrations in urine were less consistent and were generally lower than those in blood, although higher levels were inconsistently detected in individual horses (up to about 16 ng/mL almost 1 year post‐administration in 1 horse and about 3.7 ng/mL at almost 3 years post‐administration in another).Main limitationsThe study was performed in horses that are older than the primary target group. A single sample was obtained from most horses and so we cannot comment on elimination profiles.ConclusionsEvidence that a therapeutic dose of tiludronic acid has been administered to a horse can be obtained from detection of the drug in blood and urine samples over 3 years after it was administered.
Metalimnetic chlorophyll maxima in Lake Kinneret ‐ Chlorobium revisited
Authors: Ninio Shira , Lupu Achsa , Eckert Werner , Ostrovsky Ilia , Viner Mozzini Yehudit , Sukenik Assaf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

A deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is often seen in stratified freshwater bodies at the interface between an anaerobic layer and an oxic layer. A DCM of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides was previously reported as a dense population in the oxygen devoid layer of a monomictic stratified lake, Lake Kinneret, Israel.

In this multidisciplinary study, we examined the vertical distribution and diversity of the DCM photosynthetic community and characterised it spectrally and genetically, over two consecutive years.

Pigment composition, together with 16S rDNA sequencing data unveil the presence of more than a single Chlorobium species as dominant members of the DCM community. Altogether, five different Chlorobia genotypes were identified, four of which occurred in both of the studied years. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the dominant genotype is closely related to C. phaeobacteroides, implying that it contributes the majority of the bacteriochlorophyll‐e found in the DCM of the lake.

Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrates that dissolved oxygen concentration is a strong predictor for the distribution of all Chlorobia genotypes found in Lake Kinneret. Furthermore, this analysis suggests that competition probably exists between the various Chlorobia genotypes and proposes that a C. phaeobacteroides‐related amplicon sequence variant is better equipped to cope with the conditions prevailing in Lake Kinneret metalimnion.

Chlorobia genotypes composing the DCM appear at a similar relative abundance in two consecutive years, even though timing and intensity of the DCM were different. This stable structure of the Chlorobia community observed here may represent a general theme in other stratified freshwater bodies harbouring Chlorobia.
Beaver dams are associated with enhanced amphibian diversity via lengthened hydroperiods and increased representation of slow‐developing species
Authors: Romansic John M. , Nelson Nicolette L. , Moffett Kevan B. , Piovia‐Scott Jonah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Land managers are increasingly using beavers to restore hydrological function, provide wildlife habitat, and mitigate the effects of climate extremes on water balances and ecosystems. Although North American beavers (Castor canadensis) and Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) both hold great potential for landscape‐scale benefits, more information about the interactions between beavers and wildlife is necessary to maximise the ecological benefits and minimise the social and ecological costs of beaver‐centred management. Beaver dams create large, deep pools with long hydroperiods, which could benefit aquatic and semi‐aquatic species, especially pond‐breeding amphibians, which breed in still and slow‐moving water.

We studied the relationship between beaver dams and pond‐breeding amphibians in the southern Washington Cascade Range of the north‐west U.S.A. by surveying 29 beaver‐dammed and 20 undammed lentic sites in three mid‐elevation (560–1,010 m) spatial blocks.

We found that mean amphibian species richness was 2.7 times higher in dammed sites than in undammed sites (2.4 vs. 0.9 species). This increase in species richness was driven by increased occupancy of slow‐developing species—red‐legged frogs (Rana aurora) and northwestern salamanders (Ambystoma gracile)—which were also more abundant at sites with dams. These two species were detected almost exclusively in beaver‐dammed sites, suggesting that some amphibians rely heavily on beaver‐dammed sites for successful reproduction in areas such as our study blocks where ponds and wetlands with long hydroperiods are otherwise scarce. Species with highly variable development periods—long‐toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and rough‐skinned newts (Taricha granulosa)—showed nonsignificant trends of higher site occupancy and, in the case of newts, higher number of mating events per hectare in dammed sites compared to undammed sites.

Compared to undammed sites, dammed ponds were consistently deeper and had longer hydroperiods, consistent with beavers benefitting slow‐developing amphibians primarily by increasing the quality of lentic breeding habitat. We suggest that slow‐developing amphibians and some variable‐rate developers might benefit greatly from beaver restoration, especially in areas where climate change is predicted to reduce summertime water levels. Beavers could therefore be useful and important components of ecosystem‐based restoration, management, and climate adaption, especially in parts of their native ranges in North America or Eurasia predicted to undergo climatic drying.
Rainfall continentality, via the winter Gams angle, provides a new dimension to biogeographical distributions in the western United States
Authors: Michalet Richard , Choler Philippe , Callaway Ragan M. , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDrought stress has focused on water availability during the growing season, thus primarily on summer. However, variation in rainfall continentality can produce striking vegetation differences. We aim to disentangle summer water balance from winter rainfall continentality, to better understand how climate regulates the distributions of woody plants in the western USA.LocationWestern USA.Time periodActual.Major taxa studiedAngiosperms and conifers.MethodsWe used redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate correlations between rainfall continentality, summer water balance, minimum winter temperature and length of growing season on the distributions of 130 tree and shrub species in 467 plots. Rainfall continentality was calculated using the Gams index, modified for winter precipitation, and summer water balance with the ratio of summer precipitation to temperature. We estimated actual evapotranspiration (AET), deficit (DEF), mean annual temperature and rainfall from global gridded data sets and correlated them with RDA axes.ResultsRainfall continentality measured with the Gams index and minimum temperatures best explained the contrast between oceanic vegetation in the Pacific Coast Ranges and continental vegetation in the Intermountain Region and Rocky Mountains. Growing season length (GSL) was the second strongest factor correlated with vegetation distributions. Summer water balance, despite being the most widely used climatic factor to assess drought stress in biogeography, was the third strongest factor correlating with vegetation classes of the western US. AET was equally correlated with RDA axes 1 and 3, and, thus, could not discriminate between the contrasts in the RDA.Main conclusionsRainfall continentality measured with the winter Gams index provides a more precise metric than summer water balance for understanding the biogeography of woody plants in the western USA. Broadly integrating the Gams index of continentality into plant distributions may improve our understanding of biogeographical distributions and predictions of responses to climate change.
Networking in contexts: qualitative social network analysis' insights into migration processes
Authors: Kindler Marta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do migrants network in different contexts? I address this question by using qualitative social network analysis and explore the relationship between shared contexts and individuals' possibilities for interaction as well as (un)intentional network (re)creation. I observe how migrants form ties and draw boundaries in two contexts: (1) institutional and (2) migrant community. I draw on qualitative data from a study of Ukrainian migrants' social networks in Warsaw, Poland. I find that the structural opportunities that facilitate relationships with Poles differ between those Ukrainian migrants who arrived around or after the year 2014 and those who migrated earlier. The relations between Ukrainians are characterized by class divisions, which they interpret via ‘language/ethnic’ differences, reinforced by the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine. However, these symbolic boundaries do not translate into rigid network boundaries.
Connected global intellectual history and the decolonisation of the curriculum
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConnected global intellectual history can contribute to the process of decolonising the curricula by decentring Europe and resituating it as part of an interconnected world. From this perspective, Europe is displaced from being imagined as the source of knowledge and the Western tradition is unbound. This article shows how cultural and intellectual phenomena of the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the tradition of universal history, which have been seen as emanating from Europe, were produced by global processes. The concepts produced by these intellectual and cultural movement cannot be confined to the European units of context but rather had global lives. This article shows how looking at the connections of global intellectual history in general, and the influence of the Americas in particular, can contribute to the decolonisation of the curriculum.
Risk of chronic kidney disease in people living with HIV by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use and baseline D:A:D chronic kidney disease risk score
Authors: Hsu R , Brunet L , Fusco J , Beyer A , Prajapati G , Wyatt C , Wohlfeiler M , Fusco G 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use by baseline D:A:D CKD risk score.MethodsAdult antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating treatment, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were identified in the OPERA cohort. CKD was defined as two or more consecutive eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, > 90 days apart. Associations between TDF use, baseline D:A:D CKD risk and incident CKD were assessed with incidence rates (IRs; Poisson regression) and adjusted pooled logistic regression. The impact of pharmacoenhancers on the observed association between TDF and CKD was also evaluated.ResultsOf 9802 PLWH included, 6222 initiated TDF and 3580 did not (76% and 79% low D:A:D CKD risk, respectively). Overall, 125 CKD events occurred over 24 382 person‐years of follow‐up. Within strata of D:A:D CKD risk score, IRs were similar across TDF exposure, with high baseline CKD risk associated with highest incidence. Compared with the low‐risk group without TDF, there was no statistical difference in odds of incident CKD in the low‐risk group with TDF (adjusted odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–1.54). Odds of incident CKD did not differ statistically significantly by pharmacoenhancer exposure, with or without TDF.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of ART‐naïve PLWH, incident CKD following ART initiation was infrequent and strongly associated with baseline CKD risk. TDF‐containing regimens did not increase the odds of CKD in those with a low baseline D:A:D CKD risk, the largest group of ART‐naïve PLWH, and may remain a viable treatment option in appropriate settings.
United States Medicaid home and community‐based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: McLean Kiley J. , Hoekstra Allison M. , Bishop Lauren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmerging research tests the impact of United States Medicaid home and community‐based (HCBS) waiver policy on outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities; however, this body of work has yet to be synthesized. We conducted a scoping review to establish what is known about the impact of Medicaid HCBS policy on the lives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Seven studies met final inclusion criteria. Their findings contribute to preliminary evidence that Medicaid HCBS waivers provide economic benefit at the state and federal level, reduce unmet healthcare needs, increase the likelihood that parents will be able to continue working, and reduce racial disparities in access to care. Additional work should compare HCBS waiver programmes, and their causal pathways, as well as draw international comparisons to similar programming, to determine essential infrastructure needed for a successful HCBS programme.
Evidence of continued reduction in the age‐at‐death disparity between adults with and without intellectual and/or developmental disabilities
Authors: Landes Scott D. , McDonald Katherine E. , Wilmoth Janet M. , Carter Grosso Erika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines recent trends in the age‐at‐death disparity between adults with and without intellectual and/or developmental disabilities in the United States.MethodData were from the 2005–2017 U.S. death certificates. Average age at death was compared between adults whose death certificate did or did not report an intellectual and/or developmental disability.ResultsAge at death increased minimally for adults without, but markedly for adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. As a result, the age‐at‐death disparity decreased: 2.2 years between adults with/without intellectual disability; 1.9 years between adults with/without Down syndrome; 2.7 years between adults with/without cerebral palsy; and 5.1 years between adults with/without rare developmental disabilities.ConclusionEvidence from this study demonstrates that the age‐at‐death disparity between adults who did or did not have an intellectual and/or developmental disability reported on their death certificate continues to decrease, but the magnitude of the remaining disparity varied considerably by type of disability.
Internet use among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kyung Mee , Lee Chung Eun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is evident that people with disabilities worldwide face digital divide; although this divide has been mitigated owing to greater access to technologies, a gap remains in terms of Internet use. Given that South Korea has one of the highest Internet access rates, it is necessary to examine how adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) access the Internet, and what correlates with Internet usage.MethodA total of 298 adults with IDD in South Korea participated in the survey.ResultsThe participants reported benefits from the Internet including increased opportunities for leisure and entertainment, updated news and networking with friends. Internet access was found to be pervasive among people of younger ages and less severe disabilities. Further, Internet usage corresponded to material access, digital literacy and a positive attitude towards digital applications.ConclusionsTargeted digital literacy programmes can be developed for adults with IDD.