bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental impacts of climate change may be exacerbated by density‐dependent population regulation in blue mussels
Authors: Jaatinen Kim , Westerbom Mats , Norkko Alf , Mustonen Olli , Koons David N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The climate on our planet is changing and the range distributions of organisms are shifting in response. In aquatic environments, species might not be able to redistribute poleward or into deeper water when temperatures rise because of barriers, reduced light availability, altered water chemistry or any combination of these. How species respond to climate change may depend on physiological adaptability, but also on the population dynamics of the species.

Density dependence is a ubiquitous force that governs population dynamics and regulates population growth, yet its connections to the impacts of climate change remain little known, especially in marine studies. Reductions in density below an environmental carrying capacity may cause compensatory increases in demographic parameters and population growth rate, hence masking the impacts of climate change on populations. On the other hand, climate‐driven deterioration of conditions may reduce environmental carrying capacities, making compensation less likely and populations more susceptible to the effects of stochastic processes.

Here we investigate the effects of climate change on Baltic blue mussels using a 17‐year dataset on population density. Using a Bayesian modelling framework, we investigate the impacts of climate change, assess the magnitude and effects of density dependence, and project the likelihood of population decline by the year 2030.

Our findings show negative impacts of warmer and less saline waters, both outcomes of climate change. We also show that density dependence increases the likelihood of population decline by subjecting the population to the detrimental effects of stochastic processes (i.e. low densities where random bad years can cause local extinction, negating the possibility for random good years to offset bad years).

We highlight the importance of understanding, and accounting for both density dependence and climate variation when predicting the impact of climate change on keystone species, such as the Baltic blue mussel.
Antagonistic action of Streptomyces pratensis S10 on Fusarium graminearum and its complete genome sequence
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Jing , Hu Lifang , Jia Ruimin , Ma Qing , Tang Jiangjiang , Wang Yang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWheat scab, mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, can decrease wheat yield and grain quality. Chemical pesticides are currently the main control method but have an inevitable negative consequence on the environment and in food safety. This research studies a promising substitute, Streptomyces pratensis S10, which was isolated from tomato leaf mould and shows a significant inhibition effect on F. graminearum based on antagonism assays. The biocontrol mechanism is studied by enhanced green fluorescent protein labelling, quantitative real‐time PCR, the Doskochilova 8 solvents system test and complete genome sequencing. Strain S10 can colonize in the wheat root, control wheat scab and decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) content. The control effects in vitro, planta and the plot experiments were 92.86%, 68.67% and 40.87% to 86.62%, respectively. S10 decreased DON content by inhibiting the mycelium growth and DON synthesis gene expression. The active substances of the S10 secondary metabolites had a high‐temperature resistance and 29 putative biosynthetic gene clusters in its genome. The S10 control mechanism is multivariate, which shows potential in controlling wheat scab.
A gender‐sensitive approach to U.S. crisis communication for COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Subert Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExamining the COVID‐19 pandemic communication from a gender perspective is ethically critical and socially timely. Combined with class, it helps us to identify how effective communication has been during this pandemic. This Forum contribution takes a gender‐sensitive approach with the premise that all public health crises are inherently gendered phenomena. Two global initiatives are crucial for our purposes: The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) and the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. Based on the four strategic pillars (prevention, participation, protection, and relief and recovery) we ask the following: “Who (a) is prevented from harm by the COVID‐19 recovery efforts, who (b) is participating in, who (c) receives protection from and who (d) will receive assistance through the COVID‐19 recovery efforts?". We conclude that the COVID‐19 crisis has had its worst effects on the poorest and most vulnerable. During the pandemic, there was a strong military‐style communication limited to government and health professionals that lacked empathy. The gender‐sensitive perspective reflected by UNSCR 1325 and the WPS requires us to give up military masculinity in communication, include more empathy and dialog (mutuality and cooperation), and extend women's participation to reduce the damaging effects of any given crisis on all people.
Designing asynchronous online fermentation science materials including using a home fermented foods project to engage online learners
Authors: Holle Maxwell J. , Miller Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe number of online courses offered by universities in America continues to increase. Due to limited direct interactions with students, these courses can struggle to promote student engagement. Food science is uniquely situated for implementation of hands‐on project‐based learning opportunities since basic experiments can be performed in a kitchen with minimal supplies and equipment. The purpose of this teaching and learning tip is to share materials designed for an asynchronous online course, instructional fermentation vignettes, and the Home Fermented Foods Project assignment, which tasks students with creating two fermented foods with two accompanying documents explaining the science of each employed steps. Students are engaged with the projects while connecting the lecture material to familiar products that they create such as sauerkraut, yogurt, and bread. Overall, based on student evaluations and our interactions with the students, our implementation of this project has been positive. Downloadable handouts containing assignment details are available as Supporting Information.
A comparison of three shoe sole impression lifting methods at high substrate temperatures
Authors: Taylor Kate M. , Krosch Matt N. , Chaseling Janet , Wright Kirsty 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFootwear impressions are a common form of evidence found at crime scenes, and the accurate recovery and recording of such impressions is critical for shoe sole comparison and identification. The lifting of shoe sole impressions from hot surfaces (>30°C/86°F) and in hot environments has received little attention in the literature, particularly in relation to the recovery of class and randomly acquired characteristics (RACs) required for accurate comparisons. This study addressed this knowledge gap by comparing the performance of three common impression lifters (gelatin, adhesive, and vinyl static cling film) at recovering shoe sole impressions in dust from hot flooring substrates. Dry origin dust shoe sole impressions were made on ceramic tile, galvanized metal, and laminated wood flooring using a shoe that possessed two RACs and five class characteristics present on the sole. Substrates were left in direct full sun for five hours during a summer day prior to lifting. Performance was measured by the proportion of RACs and class characteristics visible in each lifted impression. Results demonstrated that the vinyl static cling film tested performed poorly across all substrates, particularly for metal (23.8% marks recovered), including notable shrinkage of the lifted impression. In contrast, adhesive (~96% marks recovered over all substrates), and to a lesser extent gelatin (~85%), lifts were highly successful on hot substrates. These data suggest that adhesive lifts can consistently and accurately recover shoe sole impressions from hot substrates. This study contributes critical information for crime scene examiners to improve and expand evidence recovery in hot environments.
Impact of COVID‐19 ‘circuit‐breaker’ measures on emergency medical services utilisation and out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in Singapore
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Lee Ebenezer ZH , Tay Joey AM , Arulanandam Shalini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on emergency medical services (EMSs) utilisation and out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in Singapore.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study comparing data collected by the Singapore Civil Defence Force on EMS utilisation in Singapore from 1 April to 31 May 2020 to previous figures.ResultsOverall, EMS call volume and total out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests remained comparable to past years. There was an appreciable decline in prehospital return of spontaneous circulation rates, albeit not statistically lower than pre‐COVID periods (P = 0.078).ConclusionThe findings contribute to a growing body of literature internationally on the potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on EMS utilisation and outcomes.
Effect of aerial spraying of thiacloprid on pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) in pine forests
Authors: Suh Dong Yeon , Jung Jong‐Kook , Lee Sun Kun , Seo Sang‐Tae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonochamus alternatus is a very important vector of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) which is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. To reduce population density of M. alternatus, thiacloprid has been sprayed by aircrafts on pine forests. Thus, we examined the effect of aerial spraying as contact toxicity and thiacloprid residues of pine branches as ingestion toxicity on the mortality of M. alternatus in pine forests in Yangsan, Korea. In addition, the effect of aerial spraying on honey bees, Apis mellifera, was tested in the same locality. Thiacloprid was sprayed once a month from June to August in 2016. To test the effect of thiacloprid, eight M. alternatus and ten honey bees were put into each small mesh cage, which were hung on pine trees in each study plot. Thiacloprid appeared to be effective for reducing longevity of M. alternatus, while mortality and abnormal behaviors were not found for honey bees. In addition, longevity of M. alternatus beetles was declined by thiacloprid residues of pine branches compared to the control group. However, we found that dead pine trees infected by pine wood nematodes in the next year similarly occurred in our study area whether thiacloprid‐aerial spraying occurred or not. Consequently, thiacloprid sprayed by aircraft may be an effective control agent for Monochamus beetle adults without negative effect on honey bees, but aerial application to prevent expansion of pine wilt disease should be reassessed.
Ginsenoside Rb2 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through SIRT1 activation
Authors: Xue Yan , Fu Wenwen , Liu Yanzhe , Yu Ping , Sun Mingyang , Li Xin , Yu Xiaofeng , Sui Dayun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cardioprotective effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on oxidative stress, which is induced by hydrogen peroxide and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, have been studied. The mechanisms were associated with the inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, a high concentration of antioxidant defense enzymes, and scavenging oxidative stress products. Because of the association with oxidative reaction and cardioprotection, sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1) was selected as a promising target for investigating whether MI/R injury can be alleviated by ginsenoside Rb2 pretreatment through SIRT1 activation. The rats were exposed to ginsenoside Rb2 with or without SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 before ligation of coronary artery. Ginsenoside Rb2 reduced myocardial superoxide generation; downregulated gp91phox expression; and decreased the mRNA expression levels and activities of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb2 significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation induced by MI/R injury. In addition, ginsenoside Rb2 upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated Ac‐p53 expression. However, EX527 blocked the protective effects, indicating that the pharmacological action of ginsenoside Rb2 involves SIRT1. Our results thus revealed that ginsenoside Rb2 alleviated MI/R injury in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response through SIRT1 activation.Practical ApplicationGinsenoside Rb2 has a protective effect on MI/R injury by activating SIRT1 expression, reducing myocardium inflammation, and alleviating oxidative stress. Thus, ginsenoside Rb2 is a promising novel agent for ameliorating MI/R injury in ischemic heart diseases and cardiac surgery.
Association ofTG/HDLCratio trajectory and risk of type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study inChina
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Qin Pei , Lou Yanmei , Zhao Ping , Li Xue , Qie Ranran , Wu Xiaoyan , Han Minghui , Huang Shengbing , Zhao Yang , Liu Dechen , Wu Yuying , Li Yang , Yang Xingjin , Zhao Yang , Feng Yifei , Wang Changyi , Ma Jianping , Peng Xiaolin , Chen Hongen , Zhao Dan , Xu Shan , Wang Li , Luo Xinping , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng , Hu Fulan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association of ratio of triglycerides to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C ratio) change trajectory with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between risk of T2DM and TG/HDL‐C ratio change trajectory.MethodsA total of 18 444 participants aged 18‐80 years old were included in this cohort study. Linear regression and quadratic regression models were used to determine the TG/HDL‐C ratio change trajectory. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between TG/HDL‐C ratio change trajectory and probability of T2DM.ResultsT2DM developed in 714 participants during a median follow‐up of 5.74 years (92 076.23 person‐years of follow‐up). After adjusting for baseline potential confounders, odds of T2DM were greater for participants with the increasing, U‐shape, bell‐shape, and other shape change vs decreasing change (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.42‐2.81; 1.56, 1.15‐2.13; 1.60, 1.17‐2.20; and 1.49, 1.13‐2.00, respectively). The results were robust in the sensitivity analyses on excluding baseline participants with T2DM. Moreover, the associations remained significant with male sex, age <60 years and body mass index <24 kg/m2.ConclusionsThis retrospective study revealed increased probability of T2DM with increasing, U‐shape, bell‐shape, and other‐shape TG/HDL‐C ratio change trajectories, especially with male sex, age <60 years and body mass index <24 kg/m2.
Corporate Role Conceptions in Global Forest Governance
Authors: Weber Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly seen as key actors in global governance. This article introduces the concept of corporate role conceptions as a new and interdisciplinary approach for analysing the self‐conception of MNCs. To illustrate its analytical strength, the concept is used to explore how MNCs operating in major forest‐risk supply chains, that is, cattle, palm oil, pulp, soy and timber, conceive themselves and their function in global forest governance. The empirical analysis shows that their self‐conception is both complex and multifaceted as they seek to perform several functions at the same time: corporate decision‐makers consider it appropriate for their corporation to be a pioneer, a role model, a supporter and co‐creator, a dedicated worker, a force for prosperity, a good global citizen and a good steward. However, these corporate role conceptions are overlapping and partly incompatible, which leads to role conflict. I argue that this role conflict constrains corporate agency in global forest governance and therefore diminishes the potential of MNCs to promote positive change.
Genetic variants as predictors of toxicity and response in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer undergoing first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy: Design of the multicenter PGxLUNG study
Authors: de Jong Corine , Herder Gerarda J.M. , Deneer Vera H.M. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPlatinum–based chemotherapy is currently the most frequently applied first‐line treatment for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable mutations or high PD‐L1 expression. Unfortunately, chemotherapy‐induced toxicity is prevalent and may affect patients' quality of life to a considerable extent. Presumably, genetic variants of genes, coding for proteins involved in the processes of the development of toxicity, may be of interest as predictors of benefits and harms of platinum‐based chemotherapy.The primary objective of the study is to investigate the influence of genetic variants on the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced toxicity in patients with NSCLC undergoing first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. The main secondary objectives are to study the association between genetic variants and treatment response and to study the association between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) as well as patient‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment response and toxicity.MethodsIn this multicenter prospective follow‐up study, a total of 350 patients with NSCLC (stage II–IV) undergoing first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy will be included. Blood samples for DNA isolation and genotyping, questionnaires and data on patients risk factors and disease stage will be recorded. The primary endpoint is chemotherapy‐induced (non‐)hematological toxicity, comprising; nephrotoxicity, neuropathy, esophagitis, ototoxicity, pneumonitis, gastrointestinal toxicity, anemia, leukocytopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Secondary endpoints include dose‐limiting toxicity, HRQOL, and treatment response (radiological response [RECIST 1.1] and overall survival [OS]).DiscussionResults of the PGxLUNG study will be primarily used to determine the influence of genetic variants on the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced toxicity in patients with NSCLC undergoing first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Superior efficacy of immunotherapy‐based combinations over monotherapy for EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs
Authors: Yang Lu , Hao Xuezhi , Hu Xingsheng , Wang Zhijie , Yang Ke , Mi Yuling , Yang Yaning , Xu Haiyan , Yang Guangjian , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundWhile prospective clinical studies on immunotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are ongoing, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of immunotherapy combinations in such a population in a real‐world setting.MethodsThe clinical data of pretreated EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients who acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance and received immunotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank test, and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 31 patients were analyzed in this study. A total of 25 (80.6%) patients received combination immunotherapy. In the univariate analysis, patients who received combination immunotherapy seemingly acquired longer PFS than those who received monotherapy, although there was no significant difference (3.42 months vs. 1.61; P = 0.078; hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% CI: 0.16–1.13). Patients who received antiangiogenic drugs prior to immunotherapy acquired better PFS (3.42 months vs. 1.58; P = 0.027; HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.93), while patients with liver metastasis had inferior PFS (2.04 months vs. 3.42; P = 0.031; HR 2.83, 95% CI: 1.05–7.60). Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that the above three factors had independent prognostic value.ConclusionsThe study revealed that immunotherapy combinations are better choices than single‐agent regimens in previously treated and EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients with progressive disease. In addition, antiangiogenic drugs administered before immunotherapy might be a favorable prognostic factor, while liver metastasis was associated with a short PFS in this setting. In future, more robust and prospective clinical trial results are expected to guide clinical practice.Key pointsSignificant study findings
Immunotherapy‐based combination therapies are better choices than single‐agent regimens in heavily treated EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients.
What this study adds
Patients without liver metastasis and with prior antiangiogenic drugs obtained more benefit from immunotherapy in this setting.
Systemic treatments in the management of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siegels Doreen , Heratizadeh Annice , Abraham Susanne , Binnmyr Jonas , Brockow Knut , Irvine Alan D. , Halken Susanne , Mortz Charlotte G , Flohr Carsten , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Van der Poel Lauri‐Ann , Muraro Antonella , Weidinger Stephan , Werfel Thomas , Schmitt Jochen ,   the European Academy of Allergy, Clinical Immunology Atopic Dermatitis Guideline group
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs an evidence resource for the currently planned European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) clinical practice guideline “systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD),” we critically appraised evidence on systemic treatments for moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsWe systematically identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the safety and efficacy of systemic treatments for AD up to February 2020. Primary efficacy outcomes were clinical signs, AD symptoms and health‐related quality of life. Primary safety outcomes included cumulative incidence rates for (serious) adverse events. Trial quality was assessed applying the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Meta‐analyses were conducted where appropriate.Results50 RCTs totalling 6681 patients were included. Trial evidence was identified for apremilast, azathioprine (AZA), baricitinib, ciclosporin A (CSA), corticosteroids, dupilumab, interferon‐gamma, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), mepolizumab, methotrexate (MTX), omalizumab, upadacitinib and ustekinumab. Meta‐analyses were indicated for the efficacy of baricitinib [EASI75 RD 0.16, 95% CI (0.10;0.23)] and dupilumab [EASI75, RD 0.37, 95% CI (0.32;0.42)] indicating short‐term (ie 16‐week treatment) superiority over placebo. Furthermore, efficacy analyses of AZA and CSA indicated short‐term superiority over placebo; however, nonvalidated scores were used and can therefore not be compared to EASI.ConclusionThe most robust, replicated high‐quality trial evidence is present for the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for up to 1 year in adults. Robust trial evidence was further revealed for AZA, baricitinib and CSA. Methodological restrictions led to limited evidence‐based conclusions for all other systemic treatments. Head‐to‐head trials with novel systemic treatments are required to clarify the future role of conventional therapies.
Approximate two‐sided tolerance intervals for normal mixture distributions
Authors: Tsai Shin‐Fu 
Published: October 2020

SummaryUniversal and individual two‐sided tolerance intervals that take the inherent structure of normal mixture distributions into account are introduced in this paper for the purpose of monitoring the overall population and specific subpopulations. On the basis of generalised fiducial inference, a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler is proposed to generate realisations from the generalised fiducial distributions of unknown parameters for obtaining the required tolerance intervals. Based on the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed method can maintain the empirical coverage rates sufficiently close to the nominal level. In addition, a lake acidity monitoring study is used to illustrate the proposed method.