bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function
Authors: Wulff Janie L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefenses that target particular consumers often influence community organization, ecosystem function, and diversity maintenance. In coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems, sponges affect substratum stability, water clarity, diversity of associated species, and survival of habitat‐providing organisms, key roles not duplicated by other organisms. Whether and how predators control sponges are much disputed. Substantial ecosystem consequences of losing or gaining sponges motivated definitive experiments on how predators control sponge distribution and abundance. Caribbean sponges of 94 species representing 13 taxonomic orders and three linked habitats (coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass meadows) were exposed to seven predator species representing different habitats and degrees of spongivory in 4,493 in situ trials. The resulting data force reassessment of popular interpretations of several patterns and processes. Contrary to extract pellet assays that declare most sponges deterrent, 78% of these 94 species were eaten by at least one predator. But “palatability” is consumer dependent: a sponge species eaten by one predator can be rejected by other predators, and predator species differed in what sponges they ate in 55.4% (214/392) of pairwise comparisons between predators. Because spongivore species are usually restricted to particular habitats, they impose abrupt boundaries on sponges’ habitat distributions, reflecting inverse relationships between accessibility and palatability to each predator. Thus a seagrass‐dwelling starfish eats only 9% of seagrass sponge species, but 70% of coral reef species, and 78% of mangrove species. Reef‐dwelling angelfishes completely consume only 13% of reef species, but 29% of seagrass species, and 63% of mangrove species. Defenses that target specific predators reveal that spongivore influence on community organization cannot be inferred from extract pellet/omnivore assays that assume defenses target all predators equally. In fact, pellet data wrongly predicted actual consumption of living sponges of that pellet's species in 43% of field experiments with spongivores. In contrast with herbivore–plant interactions, opportunistic spongivory is at least as important as routine spongivory for community organization and ecosystem function. Potential for loss of key functional roles of sponges, if opportunistic predators gain access to sponge species that lack defenses against them, must inform conservation plans for coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems.
A study to assess the unmet medical needs associated with the use of basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Frechtel Gustavo , Forti Lujan , Faingold Cristina , Perez Mangui Federico , Orio Silvia , Issa Claudia , Guaita María S. , Vivas Norma , De Luca Julian A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo describe in a real‐world setting, the proportion of patients with a symptomatic hypoglycaemic event and the proportion of individuals with type 2 diabetes, who newly or recently initiated with basal insulin, achieving individual or general HbA1c target.Materials and MethodDINAS‐AR was a national prospective observational study to assess the unmet needs in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin with or without oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and/or GLP‐1 receptor agonist. The study was conducted at 19 hospitals.ResultsA total of 385 uncontrolled patients (≥18 years) who recently initiated basal insulin or who initiated treatment within a year prior to study enrolment entered the study. Outcomes were follow‐up incidence of hypoglycaemic events, change of HbA1C and achievement of HBA1c <7% or individual target. A total of 44 patients (11.9%) reported the occurrence of ≥1 symptomatic hypoglycaemia event(s). HbA1c reductions were greater in patients who had recently initiated treatment with basal insulin (between 15 and 90 days prior to study entry) vs patients who initiated treatment within 1 year. A total of 80 patients (31.6%) achieved individual HbA1c target (or target <7.0%) at Week 24. Furthermore, the proportion of patients achieving this target without symptomatic hypoglycaemia was 26.1% (n = 66). A lower percentage of glycemia target achievement was observed in patients reporting hypoglycaemia (n = 14), 20.6% of all patients reporting hypoglycaemia event(s) vs (n = 66) 35.7% of all patients without hypoglycaemia event reported.ConclusionIn this real‐world study, although the hypoglycaemia rate was not high in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, there was a lower percentage of patients that achieved glycemic target among those reporting hypoglycaemia events vs patients who did not report them.
Enhanced thermal energy storage of nitrate salts by silica nanoparticles for concentrating solar power
Authors: Xiong Yaxuan , Wang Zhenyu , Sun Mingyuan , Wu Yuting , Xu Peng , Qian Xu , Li Chuan , Ding Yulong , Ma Chongfang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDispersing nanomaterials can effectively improve the thermal energy storage performance of molten salts. However, research on such improvement mechanism is still immature, as the understanding of the performance improvement levels induced by different nanoparticles has not been consistent. Using silica nanoparticles as additives, this work prepares nine molten salt nanofluids by aqueous solution method with the use of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and their binary mixture as base salts. The key thermal performance of these nanofluids are evaluated through different characterization approaches, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, laser flash analysis, and scanning electron microscopy for microstructural characteristics. The possible performance enhancement mechanism caused by silica nanoparticle is also explored. Results show that, for these nine molten salt nanofluids containing silica nanoparticles, the change in the melting point is negligible. The potassium nitrate salt dispersed with 20‐nm silica nanoparticles achieve the highest performance improvement not only in latent heat but in specific heat and thermal conductivity, while sodium nitrate salt nanofluids reach maximum improvement at their decomposing temperature. The improvement level can be associated with the electronegativity of alkali ions. Cloud nuclei cause microstructure differences among molten salt nanofluids and may be the main reason for the thermal performance enhancement of the molten salt nanofluids.
Interrelations between dopamine and serotonin producing sites and regions of the default mode network
Authors: de la Cruz Feliberto , Wagner Gerd , Schumann Andy , Suttkus Stefanie , Güllmar Daniel , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Bär Karl‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations in the default mode network (DMN) are functionally tightly connected to those in monoaminergic nuclei, producing dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5‐HT) transmitters, in the midbrain/brainstem. We combined accelerated fMRI acquisition with spectral Granger causality and coherence analysis to investigate causal relationships between these areas. Both methods independently lead to similar results and confirm the existence of a top‐down information flow in the resting‐state condition, where activity in core DMN areas influences activity in the neuromodulatory centers producing DA/5‐HT. We found that latencies range from milliseconds to seconds with high inter‐subject variability, likely attributable to the resting condition. Our novel findings provide new insights into the functional organization of the human brain.
Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis, as Assessed by Elastography, in a Population‐Based Study of Mexican Americans
Authors: Watt Gordon P. , De La Cerda Isela , Pan Jen‐Jung , Fallon Michael B. , Beretta Laura , Loomba Rohit , Lee Miryoung , McCormick Joseph B. , Fisher‐Hoch Susan P. 
Published: October 2020

Diabetes is associated with liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the association between liver fibrosis measured by transient elastography and four glucose metabolism measures in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a population‐based, randomly selected cohort of Mexican American Hispanics with high rates of diabetes and liver cancer. We measured liver fibrosis (a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma) in 774 well‐characterized cohort participants using transient elastography. We evaluated the association of liver fibrosis with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance using multivariable linear regression models. In multivariable models, log‐transformed HbA1c had the strongest association with liver fibrosis (β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04‐0.69, P = 0.038), after controlling for waist circumference, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, liver fat, and other known confounders. The association was statistically significant among women (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.10‐0.56, P = 0.009) and similar but nonsignificant among men (β = 0.41, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.98, P = 0.593). Waist circumference, platelet count, aspartate transaminase, and liver steatosis were each associated with liver stiffness. Conclusions: Elevated HbA1c is associated with liver fibrosis, a key risk factor for HCC, particularly among women. Our results indicate that Mexican Americans with uncontrolled HbA1c may benefit from routine screening by liver elastography to identify individuals at risk of liver disease progression.
What about reservoirs? Questioning anthropogenic and climatic interferences on water availability
Authors: Akbas Abdullah , Freer Jim , Ozdemir Hasan , Bates Paul D. , Turp M. Tufan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater resources in semi‐arid regions like the Mediterranean Basin are highly vulnerable because of the high variability of weather systems. Additionally, climate change is altering the timing and pattern of water availability in a region where growing populations are placing extra demands on water supplies. Importantly, how reservoirs and dams have an influence on the amount of water resources available is poorly quantified. Therefore, we examine the impact of reservoirs on water resources together with the impact of climate change in a semi‐arid Mediterranean catchment. We simulated the Susurluk basin (23.779‐km2) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We generate results for with (RSV) and without reservoirs (WRSV) scenarios. We run simulations for current and future conditions using dynamically downscaled outputs of the MPI‐ESM‐MR general circulation model under two greenhouse gas relative concentration pathways (RCPs) in order to reveal the coupled effect of reservoir and climate impacts. Water resources were then converted to their usages – blue water (water in aquifers and rivers), green water storage (water in the soil) and green water flow (water losses by evaporation and transpiration). The results demonstrate that all water resources except green water flow are projected to decrease under all RCPs compared to the reference period, both long‐term and at seasonal scales. However, while water scarcity is expected in the future, reservoir storage is shown to be adequate to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, reservoirs reduce the availability of water, particularly in soil moisture stores, which increases the potential for drought by reducing streamflow. Furthermore, reservoirs cause water losses through evaporation from their open surfaces. We conclude that pressures to protect society from economic damage by building reservoirs have a strong impact on the fluxes of watersheds. This is additional to the effect of climate change on water resources.
Short tandem repeat profiling for the authentication of cancer stem‐like cells
Authors: Visconti Paola , Parodi Federica , Parodi Barbara , Casarino Lucia , Romano Paolo , Buccarelli Mariachiara , Pallini Roberto , D'Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Montori Andrea , Pilozzi Emanuela , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColorectal and glioblastoma cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) are essential for translational research. Cell line authentication by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling ensures reproducibility of results in oncology research. This technique enables to identify mislabeling or cross‐contamination of cell lines. In our study, we provide a reference dataset for a panel of colorectal and glioblastoma CSCs that allows authentication. Each cell line was entered into the cell Line Integrated Molecular Authentication database 2.1 to be compared to the STR profiles of 4485 tumor cell lines. This article also provides clinical data of patients from whom CSCs arose and data on the parent tumor stage and mutations. STR profiles and information of our CSCs are also available in the Cellosaurus database (ExPASy) as identified by unique research resource identifier codes.
Preterm birth, neonatal therapies and the risk of childhood cancer
Authors: Seppälä Laura K. , Vettenranta Kim , Leinonen Maarit K. , Tommiska Viena , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura‐Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur aim was to study the impact of preterm birth and neonatal therapies on the risk of childhood cancer using a nationwide, registry‐based, case‐control design. Combining population‐based data from Finnish Medical Birth Registry (MBR) and Finnish Cancer Registry, we identified a total of 2029 patients diagnosed with cancer under the age of 20 years and 10 103 age‐ and sex‐matched controls over the years 1996 to 2014. Information on the prenatal and perinatal conditions was obtained from the MBR. Gestational age was categorized into early (<32) and late preterm (32‐36) and term (≥37 weeks). Cancer risk among the preterm compared to term neonates was evaluated using conditional logistic regression. We identified 141 cancers among the preterm (20.8% of 678) vs 1888 cancers in the term children (16.5% of 11 454). The risk of any cancer was increased for the preterm (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06‐1.57), especially for the early preterm (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.16‐2.92). The risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML; OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.25‐4.37), retinoblastoma (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.22‐8.41) and germ cell tumors (OR 5.89, 95% CI 2.29‐15.18) was increased among the preterm compared to term. Germ cell tumors were diagnosed at a significantly younger age among the preterm. Neonatal therapies, for example, mechanical ventilation, were associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer independent of gestational age. Preterm, especially early preterm birth, is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer, especially germ cell tumors and AML. Respiratory distress requiring neonatal intervention also appears to be associated with an increased risk.
FIGO/ICM guidelines for preventing Rhesus disease: A call to action
Authors: Visser Gerard H. A. , Thommesen Trude , Di Renzo Gian Carlo , Nassar Anwar H. , Spitalnik Steven L. ,   FIGO Committee for Safe Motherhood, Newborn Health
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe introduction of anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin more than 50 years ago has resulted in only a 50% decrease in Rhesus disease globally owing to a low uptake of this prophylactic approach. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International Confederation of Midwives, and Worldwide Initiative for Rhesus Disease Eradication have reviewed current evidence regarding the utility of anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin. Taking into account the effectiveness anti‐Rh(D), the new guidelines propose adjusting the dose for different indications and prioritizing its administration by indication.
In vitro effects of photobiomodulation therapy on 50B11 sensory neurons: evaluation of cell metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and capsaicin‐induced calcium flow
Authors: Zupin Luisa , Barbi Egidio , Sagredini Raffaella , Ottaviani Giulia , Crovella Sergio , Celsi Fulvio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe analgesic properties of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have been raising increasing interest in the clinical community due to the positive effects observed on patients, nevertheless the mechanistic basis of its action on peripheral sensory neurons remains still elusive. In this study, the effect of near‐infrared (NIR) PBMT at 800 and 970 nm of wavelength was investigated on the 50B11 immortalized nociceptive sensory neuronal cell line by evaluating capsaicin‐induced calcium flow and different markers correlated to mitochondria, that is, ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Calcium peak stimulated by capsaicin, the ligand of TRPV1 channel, was decreased in neurons pre‐irradiated with the combination of the two wavelengths. Furthermore, delivering the 800 and 970 nm separately an increment of ATP, as well as MMP hyperpolarization were detected; notably, the 800 nm wavelength also increased ROS and O2− levels. Our findings, obtained on an in vitro model of nociception, show the positive effect of PBMT on two potential photo‐targets of NIR light, namely the TRPV1 channel and the mitochondria.
Microscopic phase reconstruction of cervical exfoliated cell under partially coherent illumination
Authors: Lu Xingyuan , Wang Zhuoyi , Zhang Suxia , Konijnenberg A. P. , Ouyang Yiqin , Zhao Chengliang , Cai Yangjian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBasic coherent diffraction imaging methods strongly rely on having a highly coherent illumination in order to reconstruct the phase accurately. However, regardless of considering the turbulent transport medium, the instability of the system or the generation mechanism of the light source, partially coherent illumination is more common in real case. In this paper, we proposed an efficient microscopic phase imaging method to study normal and abnormal cervical exfoliated cells. By applying three phase modulations in a single point of the sample's transmitted field, the phase can be retrieved with correspoding three intensities under partially coherent illumination. Compared with intensity map, we can efficiently and clearly judge the proportion of high density shrinking abnormal cells from the phase distributions, which provides a confident analysis and evaluation basis for early medical diagnosis of cervical cancer. This study also has potential applications in noninvasive optical imaging of dynamic biological tissues.
How the COVID‐19 pandemic has changed our lives: A study of psychological correlates across 59 countries
Authors: Alzueta Elisabet , Perrin Paul , Baker Fiona C. , Caffarra Sendy , Ramos‐Usuga Daniela , Yuksel Dilara , Arango‐Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent social restrictions or quarantines on the mental health of the global adult population.MethodA sample of 6,882 individuals (Mage = 42.30; 78.8% female) from 59 countries completed an online survey asking about several pandemic‐related changes in life and psychological status.ResultsOf these participants, 25.4% and 19.5% reported moderate‐to‐severe depression (DASS‐21) and anxiety symptoms (GAD‐7), respectively. Demographic characteristics (e.g. higher‐income country), COVID‐19 exposure (e.g., having had unconfirmed COVID‐19 symptoms), government‐imposed quarantine level, and COVID‐19‐based life changes (e.g., having a hard time transitioning to working from home; increase in verbal arguments or conflict with other adult in home) explained 17.9% of the variance in depression and 21.5% in anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsIn addition to posing a high risk to physical health, the COVID‐19 pandemic has robustly affected global mental health, so it is essential to ensure that mental health services reach individuals showing pandemic‐related depression and anxiety symptoms.
Effects of Continuous Albuterol Inhalation on Serum Metabolome in Healthy Subjects: More Than Just Lactic Acid
Authors: Nowadly Craig D. , Liao Shu‐Yi , Rose John S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTreatment with β2‐agonists may cause elevated lactic acid, the end product of anaerobic metabolism of glucose. It has been proposed that lactic acidosis associated with β2‐agonists is caused by changes to direct biochemical impacts on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and free fatty acid production. However, much remains unknown, and there is a paucity of evidence regarding the underlying chemical changes associated with this lactic acidosis. The goal of our study was to investigate the impact of 1 hour of continuous albuterol on the untargeted serum metabolome of healthy subjects. Twenty‐four healthy participants received 7.5 mg of continuous albuterol for 1 hour. Baseline, 1‐hour, and 2‐hour lactic acid levels were drawn. Samples obtained at baseline and 1 hour were sent for untargeted metabolomic profiling. Participants had a baseline lactic acid of 1.45 ± 0.46 mmol/L. On average, lactate levels increased 0.33 ± 0.67 mmol/L after 1 hour (P = .02) and remained elevated at 2 hours (0.32 ± 0.72 mmol/L, P = .02), although there was overlap in lactate levels across times. For metabolomic analysis, fatty acids, organic acids, and sugars were elevated, and amino acids were reduced. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid metabolites, however, did not significantly change (after false discovery rate adjustment). In healthy participants, continuous albuterol alters the serum metabolome, but this change may not be clinically significant. The data support recent hypotheses that β2‐receptor activation stimulates lactic acid production, altering aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and free fatty acid production.
System‐level analyses of keystone genes required for mammalian tooth development
Authors: Hallikas Outi , Das Roy Rishi , Christensen Mona M. , Renvoisé Elodie , Sulic Ana‐Marija , Jernvall Jukka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen a null mutation of a gene causes a complete developmental arrest, the gene is typically considered essential for life. Yet, in most cases, null mutations have more subtle effects on the phenotype. Here we used the phenotypic severity of mutations as a tool to examine system‐level dynamics of gene expression. We classify genes required for the normal development of the mouse molar into different categories that range from essential to subtle modification of the phenotype. Collectively, we call these the developmental keystone genes. Transcriptome profiling using microarray and RNAseq analyses of patterning stage mouse molars show highly elevated expression levels for genes essential for the progression of tooth development, a result reminiscent of essential genes in single‐cell organisms. Elevated expression levels of progression genes were also detected in developing rat molars, suggesting evolutionary conservation of this system‐level dynamics. Single‐cell RNAseq analyses of developing mouse molars reveal that even though the size of the expression domain, measured in the number of cells, is the main driver of organ‐level expression, progression genes show high cell‐level transcript abundances. Progression genes are also upregulated within their pathways, which themselves are highly expressed. In contrast, a high proportion of the genes required for normal tooth patterning are secreted ligands that are expressed in fewer cells than their receptors and intracellular components. Overall, even though expression patterns of individual genes can be highly different, conserved system‐level principles of gene expression can be detected using phenotypically defined gene categories.