bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene variant rs2075876 (G/A) association with breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: Fawzy Manal S. , Toraih Eman A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, unexpected autoimmune regulator (AIRE) implication in the scenario of several cancers, including breast cancer (BC), has emerged. This study aims to explore for the first time the possible association between AIRE gene rs2075876 G>A variant and BC risk in a sample of the Middle East population.MethodIn this case‐control study, we genotyped AIRE rs2075876 G>A variant in 200 unrelated patients with BC and 340 cancer‐free controls using a real‐time allelic discrimination polymerase chain reaction. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to estimate the strength of association under several genetic models. In silico analysis of AIRE was also executed.ResultsThe minor allele (A) frequency of the specified variant accounted for 0.28 in the controls. G/G homozygote was significantly more frequent among patients (94%) compared to controls (66%) (P < .001). After adjusting confounding variables, individuals with A allele conferred protection against developing BC under allelic model (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.20‐0.55), recessive model (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.60), dominant model (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05‐0.29), and homozygote comparison (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.08‐0.50). In silico analysis revealed AIRE enrichment in several cancer‐related pathways. Kaplan‐Meier plotter for the cancer databases showed association of AIRE expression with prognosis in triple‐negative BC (HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.44‐4.15, log‐rank P‐value < .001).ConclusionThe AIRE rs2075876 G>A variant showed association with BC risk in the study population. Further large‐scale replication studies in different ethnicity are warranted to confirm the findings.
Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics on Neuroactive Vitamins in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Yuan Tengfei , Wang Shaoting , Le Juan , Li Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn schizophrenia, neuroactive vitamins A/D/E play vital neuroprotective roles in its pathophysiological processes. During medical treatment, atypical antipsychotics, including aripiprazole, amisulpride, olanzapine, and paliperidone, were widely used at present. However, their impact on vitamin metabolism in vivo remained unclear. In this study, we conducted a case‐control research to investigate the impacts of antipsychotics on vitamin metabolism. Schizophrenic patients (n = 163), who were divided into 5 groups (aripiprazole group, amisulpride group, olanzapine group, paliperidone group, nonmedication group) according to their different medication patterns, and healthy controls (n = 75) were involved. The concentrations of vitamin A/D/E and antipsychotics were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods. Compared with healthy controls, significantly lower vitamin D and E concentrations were found in the nonmedication group after covariance analysis adjusting for age, sex, albumin, bilirubin, triglyceride, and cholesterol. We found that aripiprazole could affect vitamin D concentrations in vivo, and a positive correlation between aripiprazole concentrations and vitamin D concentrations (r = 0.319, P = 0.025) was observed in aripiprazole group. Such result revealed the very first observation for the influence of atypical antipsychotics medication toward vitamin status in vivo. Our study showed that low concentrations of vitamin D and E in vivo could be associated with schizophrenia, suggesting that hypovitaminosis may lead to a vulnerability to schizophrenia. More importantly, aripiprazole may potentially benefit the patients through improving their vitamin D status in vivo.
Synthesis of diverse novel compounds with anticipated antitumor activities starting with biphenyl chalcone
Authors: Ismail Mahmoud F. , El‐sayed Amira A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chalcone as (E)‐1‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3) was reacted with various active methylene compounds via Michael addition reaction under different conditions. In one hand, chalcone 3 reacted with isatin and glycine in one pot reaction via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. On the other hand, chalcone 3 was also reacted with different N‐nucleophiles via direct addition on the carbonyl group to award cyclic and/or acyclic products. Meanwhile, the reaction of chalcone 3 with S‐benzylthiuronium chloride afforded the thio‐Michael addition product. Chalcone 3 and 10 novel synthesized compounds were screened against two cell lines (HepG2 and MCF‐7). Among of them, thiosemicarbazone 16, oxime 14 and pyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thione 19 derivatives revealed an excellent activity against both cell lines (IC50 values = 6.79‐12.91 μM), whereas thiosemicarbazone 16 (6.79 ± 0.5 and 7.58 ± 0.6 μM) showed the highest activity.
Can custom 3D printed implants successfully reconstruct massive acetabular defects? A 3D‐CT assessment
Authors: Durand‐Hill Matthieu , Henckel Johann , Di Laura Anna , Hart Alister J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report on the accuracy, measured with three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) postoperatively, in positioning custom 3D printed titanium components in patients with large acetabular defects. Twenty patients (13 females and 7 males) received custom‐made acetabular implants between 2016 and 2018; the mean age was 66 years (SD = 11.6) and their mean body mass index was 28 (SD = 6.1). The median time to follow up was 25.5 months, range: 12 to 40 months. We describe a comparison method that uses the 3D models of CT‐generated preoperative plans and the postoperative CT scans to quantify the discrepancy between planned and achieved component positions. Our primary outcome measures were the 3D‐CT‐measured difference between planned and achieved a component position in six degrees of freedom: center of rotation (CoR), component rotation, inclination (INC), and version (VER) of the cup. Our secondary outcome measures were: Oxford hip score, walking status, and complication rate. All components (100%) were positioned within 10 mm of planned CoR (in the three planes). Eighteen (95%) components were not rotated by more than 10° compared to the plan. Eleven (58%) components were positioned within 5° of planned cup angle (INC and VER). To date one complication has occurred, a periprosthetic fracture. This is the largest study in which postoperative 3D‐CT measurements and clinical outcomes of custom‐made acetabular components have been assessed. Accurate pre‐op planning and the adoption of custom 3D printed implants show promising results in complex hip revision surgery.
Anti‐C1GALT1 Autoantibody Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lin Mei‐Chun , Huang Min‐Chuan , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the value of the anti‐ glycoprotein‐N‐acetylgalactosamine 3‐beta‐galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) autoantibody as a biomarker for distant metastasis and good response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsIn this retrospective study with a median follow‐up of 55.7 months, 186 HNSCC patients were enrolled between July 2013 and August 2014. Data were analyzed between April 2018 and November 2019. Titers of autoantibody against the C1GALT1 peptide were measured by ELISA. Student t test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of anti‐C1GALT1 autoantibody titer with clinicopathologic factors, survival, and response to immunotherapy.ResultsOur results showed that high levels of the anti‐C1GALT1 autoantibody is an independent marker for distant metastasis and poor disease‐specific survivals in HNSCC patients. In 19 recurrent or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC patients who have received nivolumab or pembrolizumab, higher autoantibody titers are associated with a better treatment response.ConclusionWe propose that the anti‐C1GALT1 autoantibody can serve as a novel biomarker for distant metastasis in HNSCC patients. It is also useful in individualized medicine for R/M HNSCC patients who are considering immunotherapy.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E196–E202, 2021
Correlation between physical measurements and observer evaluations of image quality in digital chest radiography
Authors: Yalcin Asena , Olgar Turan , Sancak Tanzer , Atac Gokce Kaan , Akyar Serdar 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the physical and subjective (observer) image quality metrics in digital chest radiography.MethodsFive digital radiography systems, four with indirect flat panel detector and one with storage phosphor‐based computed radiography system, were used in the study. The physical image quality assessments were carried out using effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) metric and subjective performance of the digital radiography systems was evaluated in terms of inverse image quality figure (IQFinv) derived from the contrast‐detail (CD) diagrams using CDRAD 2.0 phantom and CDRAD phantom analyzer software. All measurements were performed for different tube voltages (70, 81, 90, 102, 110, and 125 kVp) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom thicknesses. An anthropomorphic chest phantom and visual grading analysis (VGA) technique based on European image quality criteria for chest radiography were used for clinical image quality evaluation.ResultsThe Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the investigation of the correlation between physical image quality and clinical image quality. The results showed strong positive correlation between the physical and clinical image quality findings. The minimum correlation coefficient was 0.91 (p < 0.011) for IQFinv vs VGA scores and 0.92 (p < 0.009) for IeDQE vs VGA scores.ConclusionsOur results confirm that clinical image quality can be predicted with both physical assessments and contrast‐detail detectability studies.
Nurses as educators in the comprehensive heart failure care programme—Are we ready for it?
Authors: Krówczyńska Dorota , Jankowska‐Polańska Beata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo assess education frequency and nurses' comfort when educating patients hospitalized in different hospital units to prepare them for self‐care.DesignA cross‐sectional survey. The study included nurses working in units where HF patients were hospitalized.ResultsThe average score for comfort of education was 5.43 (between “slightly comfortable” and “very comfortable”). The most comfortable topics were “Daily weight monitoring” (5.81 ± 1.25), “Signs/symptoms of worsening condition” (5.77 ± 1.19) and “Fluid restriction” (5.76 ± 1.23). The respondents felt least comfortable when teaching about “Medications” (5.06 ± 1.35) and “Low‐sodium diet” (5.31 ± 1.42). The mean score obtained for education frequency was 5.21 (SD 2.51). The nurses most frequently educated their patients on such topics as “Daily weight monitoring” (5.82), “Signs/symptoms of worsening condition” (5.9) and “Fluid restriction” (5.92).ConclusionsPolish nurses are not ready to perform comprehensive HF care tasks without preparation.
Radiological pseudoprogression post‐radiotherapy in a child with pineal germ cell tumour
Authors: Alves Inês , Bodi Istvan , Jarosz Jozef , Mandeville Henry , Zebian Bassel , Carceller Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle is known about pseudoprogression in brain tumours other than gliomas. A 9‐year‐old male child with a pineal teratoma/germinoma underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy. The magnetic resonance imaging scan 4 months post‐radiotherapy showed a contrast‐enhancing lesion within the surgical cavity suspicious of recurrence. These radiological findings subsequently resolved without any specific intervention. The child continues in remission 2 years post‐treatment. This case illustrates the occurrence of pseudoprogression post‐radiotherapy in intracranial GCT and highlights an unmet need for greater implementation of functional imaging techniques in paediatric neuro‐oncology to avoid undue discontinuation of effective treatments or inappropriate enrolment in clinical trials.
Essential work of fracture analysis for surface modified carbon fiber/polypropylene composites with different interfacial adhesion
Authors: Tian Huafeng , Yao Yuanyuan , Wang Chaoyang , Jv Rui , Ge Xiang , Xiang Aimin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fracture behavior of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites with different interfacial adhesion was evaluated using the essential work of fracture method. All samples exhibited ductile fracture characteristics, while the specific essential fracture work, we, was obviously decreased by carbon fiber incorporation, indicating the impaired ductility and toughness for polypropylene. The cracks were easily formed and expanded at the fiber‐matrix interface under external force for polypropylene/original carbon fiber composites, since the weak interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix could not prevent the generation of new crack. Introduction of compatibilizer as well as surface modification of fibers effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, so that the value of we increased and the elastic deformation of the composites became more prominent. Therefore, the improvement of interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix influenced both elastic and plastic deformation of the composites.
An evaluation of tropical waves and wave forcing of the QBO in the QBOi models
Authors: Holt Laura A. , Lott François , Garcia Rolando R. , Kiladis George N. , Cheng Yuan‐Ming , Anstey James A. , Braesicke Peter , Bushell Andrew C. , Butchart Neal , Cagnazzo Chiara , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Chun Hye‐Yeong , Kawatani Yoshio , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Kim Young‐Ha , McLandress Charles , Naoe Hiroaki , Osprey Scott , Richter Jadwiga H. , Scaife Adam A. , Scinocca John , Serva Federico , Versick Stefan , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei , Yukimoto Seiji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze the stratospheric waves in models participating in phase 1 of the Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi). All models have robust Kelvin and mixed Rossby‐gravity wave modes in winds and temperatures at 50 hPa and represent them better than most of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. There is still some spread among the models, especially concerning the mixed Rossby‐gravity waves. We attribute the variability in equatorial waves among the QBOi models in part to the varying horizontal and vertical resolutions, to systematic biases in zonal winds, and to the considerable variability in convectively coupled waves in the troposphere among the models: only roughly half of the QBOi models have realistic convectively coupled Kelvin waves and only a few models have convectively coupled mixed Rossby‐gravity waves. The models with stronger convectively coupled waves tend to produce larger zonal mean forcing due to resolved waves in the QBO region. Finally we evaluate the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux and EP flux divergence of the resolved waves in the QBOi models. We find that there is a large spread in the forcing from resolved waves in the QBO region, and the resolved wave forcing has a robust correlation with model vertical resolution.
Characterizing Adiabaticity in Quantum Many‐Body Systems at Finite Temperature
Authors: Skelt Amy H. , D'Amico Irene 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quantum adiabatic theorem is fundamental to time‐dependent quantum systems, but being able to characterize quantitatively an adiabatic evolution in many‐body systems can be a challenge. This work demonstrates that the use of appropriate state and particle‐density metrics is a viable method to quantitatively determine the degree of adiabaticity in the dynamic of a quantum many‐body system. The method applies also to systems at finite temperature, which is important for quantum technologies and quantum thermodynamics related protocols. The importance of accounting for memory effects is discussed via comparison to results obtained by extending the quantum adiabatic criterion to finite temperatures: it is shown that this may produce false readings being quasi‐Markovian by construction. As the proposed method makes it possible to characterize the degree of adiabatic evolution by tracking only the system local particle densities, it is potentially applicable to both theoretical calculations of very large many‐body systems and to experiments.
Ion Transport and Reordering in a 2D Trap Array
Authors: Wan Yong , Jördens Robert , Erickson Stephen D. , Wu Jenny J. , Bowler Ryan , Tan Ting Rei , Hou Pan‐Yu , Wineland David J. , Wilson Andrew C. , Leibfried Dietrich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScaling quantum information processors is a challenging task, requiring manipulation of a large number of qubits with high fidelity and a high degree of connectivity. For trapped ions, this can be realized in a 2D array of interconnected traps in which ions are separated, transported, and recombined to carry out quantum operations on small subsets of ions. Here, functionality of a junction connecting orthogonal linear segments in a 2D trap array to reorder a two‐ion crystal is demonstrated. The secular motion of the ions experiences low energy gain and the internal qubit levels maintain coherence during the reordering process, therefore demonstrating a promising method for providing all‐to‐all connectivity in a large‐scale, 2D or 3D trapped‐ion quantum information processor.
Mass spectrometric analysis of 7‐oxygenated androst‐5‐ene structures. Influence in trimethylsilyl derivative formation
Authors: Martinez‐Brito Dayamin , de la Torre Xavier , Parr Maria Kristina , Botrè Francesco 
Published: May 2020

RationaleSeveral authors have described the generation of androsta‐3,5‐diene‐7‐one structures from androst‐5‐ene‐3,7‐dione or androst‐5‐ene‐3β‐ol‐7‐one under acidic conditions and/or at high temperatures. The goal of this study was to observe and to describe the results obtained after the chromatographic analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of reference materials of 7‐oxo‐DHEA, 7α‐hydroxy‐DHEA, 7β‐hydroxy‐DHEA, and androsta‐3,5‐diene‐7,17‐dione known as arimistane.MethodsThe purity of the analyte reference materials was verified by liquid chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. The trimethylsilyl derivatives obtained using several mixtures with MSTFA (N‐methyl‐N‐trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide) in comparison with solely MSTFA were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a time‐of‐flight detector equipped with a multimode inlet or to a simple quadrupole detector with a split/splitless inlet.ResultsThe study showed that the formation of arimistane from 7‐oxo‐DHEA occurs using common derivatization reagents used for the analyses by gas chromatography (GC). In addition, the formation of the enolized TMS derivative of 7‐oxo‐DHEA was observed in considerable amount when it was reacted with MSTFA. The analysis of 7α‐hydroxy‐DHEA resulted in the detection of ~1% of arimistane. The formation of unexpected artifacts from derivatization is influenced by the reagent itself, the reaction temperature, the inlet used and its configuration.ConclusionsThe derivatization reagent, instrumental conditions (inlet), as well as the chemical structures of the analytes present in the matrix, can influence the results. So, before describing a new feature as a potential “new” metabolite, special caution must be taken since we could actually be dealing with an artifact.
ESC 2019 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes
Authors: Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has recently published new guidelines on the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Due to variable symptoms, objective tests are often necessary to confirm the diagnosis, exclude alternative diagnoses, and assess the severity of underlying disease. This review provides a summary of the main diagnostic strategies listed in the guidelines for evaluation of patients suspected of having obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on data from contemporary cohorts of patients referred for diagnostic testing, the pre-test probabilities of obstructive CAD based on age, sex, and symptoms have been adjusted substantially downward compared with the previous guidelines. Further, a new concept of “clinical likelihood of CAD” was introduced accounting for the impact of various risk factors and modifiers on the pre-test probability. Noninvasive functional imaging for myocardial ischemia, coronary computed tomography angiography, or invasive coronary angiography combined with functional evaluation is recommended as the initial strategy to diagnose CAD in symptomatic patients, unless obstructive CAD can be excluded by clinical assessment alone. When available, imaging tests are recommended as noninvasive modalities instead of exercise electrocardiograms.
Haben radikalisierte Personen Zugang zu psychotherapeutischer Unterstützung?
Authors: Rau Thea , Heimgartner Anna , Fegert Jörg M. , Allroggen Marc 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Zusammenhang mit extremistischer Gewalt wird häufig die Rolle von Psychotherapeuten in der Prävention und Früherkennung von Radikalisierung diskutiert, insbesondere um ungünstige Entwicklungsverläufe bei jungen Menschen zu verhindern. Bislang fehlen Studien, die radikalisierte Personen nach ihren Kontakten mit Psychotherapeuten befragen. Fragestellung der Studie war daher, ob radikalisierte Personen Zugang zu psychotherapeutischer Unterstützung oder zu anderen Hilfesystemen haben, und ob es dafür in ihrem Leben Anknüpfungspunkte gegeben hat bzw. hätte.

Material und Methode
Zur Beantwortung der Frage wurden mit 7 jungen Erwachsenen, die von Fachkräften als „radikalisiert“ eingeschätzt wurden, leitfadengestützte Interviews durchgeführt. Diese wurden im Anschluss inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich, dass die Befragten bislang kaum bis gar keinen Kontakt mit Psychotherapeuten hatten. Gleichzeitig fanden sich bei den Probanden hohe Belastungen durch ungünstige und größtenteils traumatische Kindheitserlebnisse, bei denen eine therapeutische Intervention wahrscheinlich hilfreich gewesen wäre. Aufseiten der Probanden wird der eigene Hilfebedarf erkannt. Es besteht allerdings große Skepsis gegenüber therapeutischen Hilfen.

Schlussfolgerung
Es wird diskutiert, wie radikalisierte Personen einen besseren Zugang zu psychotherapeutischen Hilfen erhalten könnten, beispielsweise durch eine bessere Vernetzung und Zuweisungspraxis der verschiedenen Hilfesysteme. Zudem wird diskutiert, wie Betroffene mehr Vertrauen in das Hilfesystem gewinnen können. Die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie basieren auf einer kleinen Stichprobe, weshalb weitere Arbeiten zum Thema sich trotz des erheblich limitierten Zugangs zu entsprechenden Probanden anschließen sollten.