bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the clinical significance and pathological features of lanthanum deposition in the gastric mucosa
Authors: Nishida Shinya , Ota Kazuhiro , Hattori Kimiaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Kawaguchi Shimpei , Kojima Yuichi , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Maeda Tamaki , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There are often specific endoscopic findings caused by deposition of lanthanum (La) in the gastric mucosa of patients taking lanthanum carbonate (LaC), a novel phosphate binder for patients on hemodialysis. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the clinical significance of La deposition in the gastric mucosa, and the association between endoscopic features and histologic findings in the same population.Methods: We compared background factors in patients taking LaC with and without La deposition in their gastroscopic biopsy specimen. We also investigated the relationship between gastric endoscopic biopsy specimens with La deposition and the concurrent endoscopic images.Results: There was a significant difference in the total dose of LaC between the La-positive and La-negative groups (990 g [180–3150 g] vs. 480 g [225–1328 g]; p=0.013). In 27 biopsy specimens with specific whitish mucosa, 10 showed mild histiocytic infiltration and 17 showed severe infiltration. In contrast, among 24 specimens with non-whitish mucosa, 5 showed no histiocytic infiltration, 10 showed mild infiltration, and 9 showed severe infiltration. There was a significant relationship between endoscopic features and the degree of histiocytic infiltration (p=0.026).Conclusions: We demonstrated that La deposition in the gastric mucosa depended on the total dose of LaC and was not affected by background factors. The specific endoscopic features of La deposition are associated with the infiltration of histiocytes, which represents the body’s normal response to foreign bodies. The protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000038929).
Analysis of the corrective contribution of strong halo-femoral traction in the treatment of severe rigid nonidiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Yang Guanteng , Guo Chaofeng , Liu Jinyang , tang minxing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Strong halo-femoral traction has been widely used in the field of severe rigid scoliosis correction. The objective of this study was to analyze the corrective contribution of strong halo-femoral traction in the treatment of severe rigid nonidiopathic scoliosis and discuss its meaning.Material and methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients with severe rigid nonidiopathic scoliosis who were treated with halo-femoral traction in our center from December 2008 to December 2015. All cases underwent halo-femoral traction for 2 to 4 weeks before a one-stage posterior operation, and the absolute and relative contribution rates of each orthopedic factor (bending, fulcrum, traction, surgery) were analyzed.Results: A total of 38 patients were included (15 male and 23 female), with a mean age of 16.4± 3.73 years (10-22 years) and follow-up of 55.05 ± 6.63 mos. (range 40-68 mos.). The etiology was congenital in 17 patients, neuromuscular in 14 patients, neurofibromatosis-1 in 3 patients and Marfan syndrome in 2 patients. Congenital high scapular disease with scoliosis was found in 2 patients. The mean coronal Cobb angle of the major curve was 97.99°±11.47° (range 78°–124°), with a mean flexibility of 15.68% ±6.65%. The absolute contribution rate (ACR) of bending was 27.26% ±10.16%, the ACR of the fulcrum was 10.91% ±2.50%, the ACR of traction was 32.32% ±11.41%, and the ACR of surgery was 29.50% ±9.70%. A significant difference in correction was noted between the ACRs of traction and the fulcrum (P < 0.05).Discussion: Strong halo-femoral traction plays a relatively significant role in the treatment of severe rigid nonidiopathic scoliosis while decreasing the risk of operation, and it is a safe and effective method for the treatment of severe rigid nonidiopathic scoliosis.
Associations of dietary inflammatory index, serum levels of MCP-1 and body composition in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghodoosi Nasim , Mirzababaei Atieh , Rashidbeygi Elahe , Badrooj Negin , Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Setayesh Leila , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Although, several studies have illustrated that there is a relation between the between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with obesity-related parameters, and inflammation, their results were controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship among Iranian women. Results: Multivariable linear regression showed that fat mass was 0.14 kg lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group, with respect to the pro-inflammatory group, after adjusting covariates such as age, physical activity, economic and job status (β = -0.142, 95% CI -4.44, -1.71, P = 0.03). Fat-free mass (FFM) was 1.5 kg more in the anti-inflammatory diet group, compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group, after adjusting for potentials cofounders (β = 1.50, 95% CI 0, 3.01, p = 0.05). Furthermore, after adjusting for potentials cofounders, it was revealed that the subjects with lower DII had lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum (β = -18.81, 95% CI -35.84, -1.79, p = 0.03). These findings suggest an inverse and significant relationship between DII and FFM and also DII is directly related to Fat mass and the level of MCP-1. This finding can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating to prevent inflammation and non-communicable disease development among obese female.
The technique of 3D reconstruction combining with biochemistry to build an equivalent formula of indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test to assess the liver reserve function
Authors: Zheng JinLi , Xie Wei , Huang Yang , Zhu Yunfeng , Jiang Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The indocyanine green(ICG) clearance test is the main method of evaluating the liver reserve function before hepatectomy. However, some patients may be allergic to ICG or the equipment of ICG clearance test was lack, leading to be difficult to evaluate liver reserve function. We aim to find an alternative tool to assist the clinicians to evaluate the liver reserve function for those who were allergic to the ICG or lack of equipment before hepatectomy.Methods: We retrospected 300 patients to investigate the risk factors affecting the liver reserve function and to build an equivalent formula to predict ICG 15 minutes retention rate (ICG-R15) value. Results：We found that the independent risk factors affecting ICG clearance test were total bilirubin, albumin, and spleen-to-non-neoplastic liver volume ratio (SNLR). The equivalent formula of the serological index combining with SNLR was: ICG-R15=0.36×TB (umol/L) - 0.78 × ALB(g/L) + 7.783×SNLR + 0.794×PT (s) - 0.016×PLT(/109) - 0.039× ALT (IU/L) + 0.043 × AST (IU/L) + 23.846. The equivalent formula of serum index was: ICG-R152=24.665 + 0.382×TB (umol/L) - 0.799 × ALB(g/L) - 0.025 × PLT(/109) + 0.048 × AST(IU/L) - 0.045 × ALT(IU/L). And the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of predicting ICG-R15≥10% was 0.861 and 0.857, respectively. Conclusion: We found that SNLR was an independent risk factor affecting liver reserve function. Combining with SNLR to evaluate the liver reserve function was better than just basing on serology.
Use of the Robson classification to understand the increased risk of cesarean section in case of maternal obesity.
Authors: Crequit Simon , Korb Diane , Morin Cécile , Schmitz Thomas , Sibony Olivier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of pregnant women with obesity that contribute to increased cesarean rate.Methods: Retrospective cohort in a single academic institution between 2012 and 2019. Women who delivered during this period were classified according to the Robson classification. Women with normal body mass index (N=11797) and with obesity (N=2991) were compared. The contribution of each Robson group to the overall caesarean rate were compared.Results: The overall cesarean rate was higher for women with (28.1%) than without (14.2%, p < 0.001) obesity. This result came mainly from Robson group 5a (history of one cesarean). After adjustment for medical factors within this group, the association between maternal obesity and cesarean during labor was significant.Conclusions: The higher cesarean rate in women with obesity is explained by Robson group 5a in which obesity is an independent risk factor of in labor cesarean delivery.
Endochin-like quinolone-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi
Authors: Silva Marta G. , Bastos Reginaldo G. , Doggett J. Stone , Riscoe Michael K. , Pou Sovitj , Winter Rolf , Dodean Rozalia A. , Nilsen Aaron , Suarez Carlos E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The most common apicomplexan parasites causing bovine babesiosis are Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, while B. caballi and Theileria equi are responsible for equine piroplasmosis. Treatment and control of these diseases are usually achieved using potentially toxic chemotherapeutics, such as imidocarb diproprionate, but drug-resistant parasites are emerging, and alternative effective and safer drugs are needed. Endochin-like quinolones (ELQ)-300 and ELQ-316 proved safe and efficacious against related apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium spp., and ELQ-316 was also effective against B. microti, without showing toxicity in mammals.Methods: Inhibitory effects of ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 were assessed on the growth of cultured B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and T. equi. Percentage of parasitized erythrocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Effect of the ELQ drugs on the viability of horse and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by monitoring cell metabolic activity using a colorimetric assay.Results: We calculated IC50 ranging from 0.04 to 0.37 nM for ELQ-300, and from 0.002 to 0.1 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 h among all cultured parasites tested. None of the parasites tested were able to replicate in cultures in the presence of the ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 at IC100, which range from 1.3 to 5.7 nM for ELQ-300 and from 1.0 to 6.0 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 h. Neither ELQ-300 nor ELQ-316 altered the viability of equine and bovine PBMC at their IC100 in in vitro testing. Conclusions: ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 showed significant inhibitory activity on the main parasites responsible for bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis at doses that are tolerable to host cells. These ELQ drugs may be viable candidates for developing alternative protocols for the treatment of bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis.
Dietary Assessment and Patient-Perspective Reasons for Poor Adherence to Diet and Exercise Post Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Assakran Bandar Saad , Widyan Adel Mefleh , Alhumaidan Najla Abdulaziz , Alharbi Fadiyah Abdullah , Alhnaya Mohammed Abdullah , Aljabali Abdullatif Abdullah , Aleid Mohammed Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Obesity prevalence is increasing, and as an outcome, bariatric procedures are on the rise. Previous articles about bariatric surgery disclosed tremendous results. This study aims to assess eating patterns and identify the reasons behind poor adherence to diet and exercise in postbariatric patients.Results: According to the questionnaire used, the majority (85.5%) of our patients scored “good”, 12% scored “fair”, and only 2% scored “excellent”. None scored “needs improvement”. Fruits had a mean consumption of 1.51 ± 0.79 and vegetables 1.78 ± 0.76. The main reasons for patient nonadherence to healthy eating were low self-discipline (48%), lack of motivation (28%), and availability of healthy food and being too busy to prepare healthy meals, both at 25%. Additionally, 55.9% of the study subjects engaged in physical activity. Lack of time (47%), low self-discipline (38%), and weather (32%) were the primary reasons for not exercising regularly.
A semi-dominant mutation in OsCESA9 improves biomass enzymatic digestibility and salt tolerance by relatively remodeling cell walls in rice
Authors: Ye Yafeng , Wang Shuoxun , Wu Kun , Ren Yan , Jiang Hongrui , Chen Jianfeng , Tao Liangzhi , Fu Xiangdong , Liu Binmei , Wu Yuejin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cellulose synthase (CESA) mutants have potential use in straw processing due to their lower cellulose content, but almost all of the mutants exhibit defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. Balancing normal plant growth with reduced cellulose content remains a challenge, as cellulose content and normal plant growth are typically negatively correlated with one another. Result: Here, the rice (Oryza sativa) semi-dominant brittle culm (sdbc) mutant Sdbc1, which harbors a substitution (D387N) at the first conserved aspartic acid residue of OsCESA9, exhibits lower cellulose content and reduced secondary wall thickness as well as enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification compared with the wild type (WT). Further experiments indicated that the OsCESA9D387N mutation may compete with the wild-type OsCESA9 for interacting with OsCESA4 and OsCESA7, further forming non-functional or partially functional CSCs. The OsCESA9/OsCESA9D387N heterozygous plants increase salt tolerance through scavenging and detoxification of ROS and indirectly affecting related gene expression. They also improve rice straw return to the field due to their brittle culms and lower cellulose content without any negative effects in grain yield and lodging. Conclusion: Hence, manipulation of OsCESA9D387N can provide the perspective of the rice straw for biofuels and bioproducts due to its improved enzymatic saccharification.
Community Nurse-Paramedics' Sphere of Practice in Primary Care; an ethnographic study
Authors: Rasku Tuija , Kaunonen Marja , Thyer Elizbeth , Paavilainen Eija , Joronen Katja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary care, the principal function of the healthcare system, needs efforts from the local primary healthcare teams. Community Paramedicine has managed to reduce the use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for non-emergent calls. For the paramedic to move from traditional emergency call outs to non-emergency care means new demands. There is a paucity of paramedics’ experiences and perceptions of their novel roles as community paramedics. This study aimed to explore the community nurse-paramedics experiences of their new sphere of practice.
Methods
A descriptive ethnographic research was conducted collecting data through participant observation (total 317 hours) and semi-structured interviews (N = 24) in three Hospital Districts where the community nurse-paramedics (CNP) have worked at least one year. Both data were combined, organized, and analyzed with inductive content analysis.
Results
From the inductive content analysis, five themes emerged: the CNP's new way of thinking, the broad group of patients, the demanding way to provide care, the diversity of multi-agency collaboration and management challenges. The CNP needs an appropriate attitude for the care and the broader way of thinking than before, taking care of the patient but also about the family members. The CNPs pointed out as enablers for the way of providing care as challenges for the management of the CNP model. The diversity of multiagency collaboration team can be sensitive while offering new possibilities.
Conclusion
The CNP's deep involvement in patients' and families' care needs and the challenges of CNPs’ skills and competences. Their professional attitudes and eagerness to develop and maintain the multi-agency collaboration can offer preventive and long-term caring solutions from which the citizens and allied health, safety, and social care providers benefit locally and globally.
Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance anti-Acanthamoeba activity without increasing cytotoxicity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions
Authors: Hendiger Edyta Beata , Padzik Marcin , Żochowska Agnieszka , Baltaza Wanda , Olędzka Gabriela , Zyskowska Diana , Bluszcz Julita , Jarzynka Sylwia , Chomicz Lidia , Grodzik Marta , Hendiger Jacek , Piñero Jose E. , Grobelny Jarosław , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Free living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are cosmopolitan, widely distributed protozoans causing a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The majority of the increasing number of AK cases are associated with contact lenses use. Appropriate eye hygiene and effective contact lenses disinfection are crucial in prevention of this infection because of the lack of effective therapies against AK. Currently available multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems are not fully effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. There is an urgent need to increase the disinfecting activity of these systems to prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis infections. Synthesized nanoparticles have been recently studied and proposed as a new generation of anti-microbial agents. It is also known that plant metabolites, including tannins, present anti-parasitic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-amoebic activity and cytotoxicity of the tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles (AgTANPs) conjugated with the selected multipurpose contact lens solutions.Methods: The anti-amoebic activity of pure contact lens care solutions and nanoparticles conjugated with contact lens care solutions were examined in vitro by a colorimetric assay, based on the oxido-reduction of AlamarBlue. The cytotoxicity assays were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 (ATCC CRL-11882) cell line. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests using the P < 0.05 level of a statistical significance.Results: We show that nanoparticles enhanced anti-Acanthamoeba activity of the tested contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity profile. The activity is enhanced within the minimal disinfection time recommended by the manufacturer.Conclusions: The conjugation of the selected contact lens solutions with AgTANPs might be a novel and promising approach as a part of preventive actions of Acanthamoeba keratitis infections among contact lens users.
Emergency Department Use by Patients with End-stage Renal Disease in the United States
Authors: Wang Ningyuan , Pei Jiao , Fan Hui , Ali Yaseen , Zhao Jian , Zhang Xingyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We sought to describe the national characteristics of ED visits by patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States in order to improve the emergency treatment and screening of ESRD patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 2014-2016 ED visits provided by the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We sampled adult (age ≥ 18 years) ED patients with ESRD. By proportion or means of weighted sample variables, we quantified annual ED visits by patients with ESRD. We investigated demographics, ED resource utilization, clinical characteristics, and disposition of patients with ESRD vs. those without ESRD. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between these characteristics and ESRD ED visits. Results: Approximately 722,692 (7.78%) out of 92,899,685 annual ED visits were ESRD patients. ED patients with ESRD were mostly non-Hispanic whites (51.5%) and males were more likely to be ESRD patients than females (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.47–1.48). ED patients with ESRD were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (aOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 2.21–2.22) and intensive care unit (ICU) (aOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.52–1.54) than patients without ESRD. ED patients with ESRD were more likely to receive blood tests, get medical imaging tests.Conclusion: We described the unique demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of ED patients with ESRD, using the most comprehensive, nationally representative study to date. These patients’ higher hospital and ICU admission rates indicate that patients with ESRD require a higher level of emergency care.
Predictive values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Liu Chao , Mao Zhi , Xiao Minglu , Wang Li , Qi Shuang , Zhou Feihu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background：Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly infectious disease, has been rapidly spreading all over the world and remains a great threat to global public health. Patients diagnosed with severe or critical cases have a poor prognosis. Hence, it is crucial for us to identify potentially severe or critical cases early, and give timely treatments for targeted patients. In the clinical practice of treating patients with COVID-19, we have observed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of severe patients is higher than that in mild patients. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive values of NLR on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases to identify eligible studies (up to August 11, 2020). Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2).Results: Thirteen studies involving 1579 patients reported the predictive value of NLR on disease severity. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and area under curve (AUC) were 0.78 (95% CI 0.70-0.84), 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.83) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.81-0.88), respectively. Ten studies involving 2967 patients reported the predictive value of NLR on mortality. The pooled SEN, SPE and AUC were 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.89) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.92), respectively. Conclusions: NLR has good predictive values on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Evaluating NLR can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19. Trial registration: This meta-analysis was prospectively registered on PROSPERO database (Registration number: CRD42020203612).