bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Gas-Water Flow Inside of a Horizontal Passive Cyclonic Gas-Liquid Phase Separator System Using Displacement-Current Phase Tomography
Authors: Sines Joshua N. , Straiton Benjamin J. , Zuccarelli Christopher E. , Marashdeh Qussai M. , Teixeira Fernando L. , Fan Liang-Shih , Motil Brian J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Passive cyclonic gas-liquid separators (PCGLSs) are commonly used in microgravity conditions where gravity settling separation is difficult or impossible. In this study, displacement-current phase tomography (DCPT) is used to measure various features of the gas-liquid flow inside of a PCGLS. The liquid holdup, liquid angular velocity, and gas core size are investigated. The liquid holdup is also measured in a gas-liquid flow that simulates the injection flow for a PCGLS. It is found that the gas core contracts and expands in a periodic motion as air is injected with water. This motion becomes more noticeable as the air flow rate is increased. It is also found that the liquid layer angular velocity has a positive linear trend with the air flow rate under constant water flow rates. A basic linear relation is derived to relate the liquid angular velocity to the air and water flow rates. All DCPT and electrical capacitance phase tomography (ECVT) results closely match the visual confirmation methods used for each flow feature.
Effects of Training with an Agility Ladder on Sprint, Agility, and Dribbling Performance in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Rey Ezequiel , Kalén Anton , Costa Pablo B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of coordination training using an agility ladder compared with a control group on physical fitness and technical performance in youth soccer players. Eighteen male youth soccer players (age: 12.2 ± 0.4 years; body height: 158.3 ± 10.8 cm; body mass: 45.0 ± 8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to an agility ladder group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 8). The intervention program was carried out three times a week over six weeks. Before and after the training period, the 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, dribbling speed test, agility test, and slalom dribbling test performances were assessed. Within-group analysis showed significant improvements (p < 0.005) in 10 m and 20 m sprint performance from the pre- to the post-test for the agility ladder group (-2.39% and -2.10%) and the control group (-2.54% and -1.44%). No significant differences (p > 0.005) were found from the pre- to the post-test in the dribbling speed test, agility test, slalom dribbling test, and skill index. In the between-group analysis, there were no differences between the agility ladder group and the control group in any variable. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest coordination training with an agility ladder does not seem to be effective to improve physical fitness and dribbling. Therefore, this information could be beneficial to players and coaches for programming tasks during soccer training sessions.
Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endocrine Responses to Exercise in Female Soccer Players
Authors: Janikowska Grażyna , Kochańska-Dziurowicz Aleksandra , Pokora Ilona , Żebrowska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of the study to determine the effects of graded exercise on the cytokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (hGH), testosterone (T), and cortisol (C) concentrations in the peripheral blood of female soccer players, and to evaluate if increased inflammatory biomarkers were related to these hormones and performance variables. Sixteen female soccer players (N = 16, age 19.3 ± 2.3 years) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected at three time points: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in the 15th minute of recovery, to evaluate morphological and biochemical variables. The relative expression of IL-6 (interleukin 6) and serum concentrations of the cytokines were increased in the recovery period compared to pre-exercise levels (p = 0.03 and p=0.005, respectively). There was a significant effect of exercise on serum hGH level (p “ 0.001), T/C ratio (p = 0.001), and C level (p=0.02). Positive correlations were found between: post-exercise IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) and IL-6 (R = 0.84, p = 0.000), and the IL-6 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression during recovery (R = 0.65, p = 0.009), and serum IL-1β post-exercise and maximal power (R = 0.68; p = 0.004). Exercise-induced serum C levels positively correlated with IGF-1 levels (R = 0.52 p = 0.05). Negative associations were revealed between post-exercise T/C ratio and IGF-1 (R = - 0.58, p = 0.03) and serum free T and IL- β (R = -0.56, p = 0.04) levels. The low level of pre-exercise genes and protein of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α indicate a lack of inflammation signs in the female soccer players. This study shows significant effects of exercise on hormone levels and pro-inflammatory markers, which could be used to identify the role of female sex steroids on the immune function.
Relasi Agama dan Masyarakat dalam Perspektif Emile Durkheim dan Karl Marx
Authors: Maulidia Hanifa 
Published: July 2020

This article talks about the relation of religion and society according to the views of two sociologists, are Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx. This paper begins with the definition of religion, how religion can emerge and develop, followed by the definition of religion according to Durkheim and Marx. Relation of religion and society according to Durkheim is very intimate because religion is formed from social current, that is from the existence of collective effervescence towards collective consciousness, when traditional societies perform worship rituals by purifying something called totem. In contrast to Marx's opinion which explains that religion can reduce pain due to pressure from all life problems experienced by society. Writer used study of literature and the results of this article are forms of cumulative theoretical descriptions. Abstrak Artikel ini berbicara mengenai relasi agama dan masyarakat menurut pandangan kedua tokoh sosiologi yaitu Emile Durkheim dan Karl Marx. Tulisan ini diawali dengan definisi agama, bagaimana agama dapat muncul dan berkembang yang dilanjutkan oleh definisi agama menurut Durkheim dan Marx. Relasi agama dan masyarakat menurut Durkheim sangatlah intim karena agama terbentuk dari social current (arus sosial) yaitu dari adanya collective effervescence (kesadaran kolektif) menuju collective consciousness, ketika masyarakat tradisional melakukan ritual-ritual peribadatan dengan mensucikan sesuatu yang disebut dengan totem. Berbeda dengan pendapat Marx yang menjelaskan bahwa agama dapat mengurangi rasa sakit akibat tekanan dari segala permasalahan hidup yang dialami oleh masyarakat. Penulis menggunakan kajian kepustakaan yang hasil tulisan ini adalah berupa deskripsi-deskripsi teoritis yang sifatnya kumulatif.
Achieving High-Speed Retraction in a Stretchable Hydrogel
Authors: Badani Prado Rosa Maria , Mishra Satish , Morgan Buckston , Wijayapala Rangana , Hashemnejad Seyed Meysam , Kundu Santanu 
Published: July 2020

Many biological species apply the power amplification mechanism for locomotion, feeding, and protection. In power amplification, a biological system rapidly releases stored-energy by achieving a very high velocity over a short period of time, resulting in high power output. Such power amplification allows insects such as locust to jump and Mantis shrimp to kill prey by its appendage strike. Biological elastomeric polymers such as resilin play a vital role in the power amplification process because of their high stretchability and resilience. In synthetic materials, althoughcrosslinked rubbers display high stretchability and resilience, such is difficult to achieve in the water-containing systems such as in hydrogels, commonly considered materials for mimicking biological tissues. Here, we have used a simple free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), methacrylamide (MAAm), and polypropylene glycol diacrylate (PPGDA) to obtain hydrogels. In these gels, the polymerized AAc and MAAm act as hydrophilic blocks and PPG as hydrophobic, and the gel structure resemble that of resilin consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The bioinspired gels display very high stretchability, as high as eight times the original length, and greater than 90% resilience. In addition, the gel samples can reach a retraction velocity of 16 m/s with an acceleration of 4X10^3 m/s2. These values are similar or better than those observed in water containing biological systems, such as appendage strikes in Mantis shrimp, etc. To the best of our knowledge, such performance has not been reported in theliterature for any water containing networks.
CRESTED SHEAR CONNECTORS APPLICATION TO COMBINE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB AND PLANK-NAILED STRUCTURE OF BRIDGE SPAN
Authors: Utkin V. A. , Gotovtsev I. I. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. The construction of bridges using timber materials is experiencing a real boom throughout the world .The USA is considered to be a leader, where 80% of the bridges are made of timber or materials based on it. In Russia timber bridge construction has been stagnating for the last 50 years, although there is a need for these bridges. Timber structures could solve many problems with Russian roads, especially in remote areas. Timber structures are widely considered to be outdated, so they cannot meet current requirements of load capacity and durability, also they are vulnerable to atmospheric influences, etc. But foreign experience proves the contrary. The article is devoted to the implementation of new plank-nailed spans that meet current requirements of load capacity, reliability and durability.Materials and methods. The authors suggest and describe a new span structure. The span consists of planktimber- nailed-dowel blocks and a reinforced concrete slab generating a composite action. Some special crested shear connectors are suggested as combining elements. The top part works as flexible shear connectors in a reinforced concrete slab. The bottom part works as dowels with steel joints and timbers structures. The investigation of the stress-strain state of the structure has been completed within “compound beam” theory.Results. The application of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab allows to protect supporting timber structures against atmospheric influences, dirt, cracking from the sun rays, radiation and provides at least 50-year durability. The timber preservation provides a specified service life. The application of suggested connection with composite action between a reinforced concrete slab and supporting timber structures increases effectiveness of the composite timber concrete structure compared to steel and reinforced concrete structures. Trans-Baikal territory, Irkutsk and Arkhangelsk Regions, Khabarovsk Territory, the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Buriatia, Karelia are in the greatest need of the timber concrete composite spans, because they have a lot of forest resources and old timber bridges that are still in service.
الحاجة العالمية لتطبيق الهندسة الأمنية المستدامة: التوجه نحو ما بعد النظرية في الدراسات الأمنية الجديدة
Authors: Ben Tayeb Idriss  A. 
Published: July 2020

تهـدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز دور الهندسة الأمنية كإطار معرفي جديد قابل للتطبيق على المستوى العالمي في مجال تحقيق الأمن من خلال القيام بالتحوط الوقائي السابق، والعلاج البعدي النافع، بحيث يفرض عالم ما بعد الحداثة كمًّا هائلًا من التهديدات والتحديات الأمنية بشكل يرهق صانع القرار، من خلال تشتيت الإدراك وتضارب الإستراتيجيات المضادة أمام تعددية الأخطار وسرعة قابلية انتشارها في عصر العولمة.
وقد أصبح الأمن في عالم العولمة من المعطيات النادرة التي توحي بالحاجة العالمية والماسة إلى تطبيق مقاربة شاملة وفاعلة على كل المستويات بشكل يمكن أن يؤكد النضج النظري في الدراسات الأمنية أو القول باستهلاك كل النظريات القائمة على التحليل والوصف، وكذا شرح وتفسير الظواهر غير الأمنية، ومن ثم الإسهاب في التنبؤ بمستقبلها واستشرافها (ماضٍ ومستقبل)؛ ولذا جاز الحديث عما هو أبعد من النظرية (الميتا ـ نظرية) في الدراسات الأمنية كإطار عالمي قابل للتطبيق من أجل تحقيق الأمن لكل إنسان دون استثناء لكل الفواعل الأمنية (حكومية وغير حكومية، عقلانية وغير عقلانية)؛ لأن العالم في أمس الحاجة إلى تطبيق هندسة أمنية شاملة ومستدامة تجمع بين عالم الشمال وعالم الجنوب، وتوحد جهود كل الفواعل الأمنية، وتجسد رغبة وإرادة مشتركة في إطار إستراتيجية عالمية لمجابهة التهديدات الأمنية الجديدة التي أصبح بإمكانها أن تطول كل الناس في كل العالم، وتؤثر بشكل بالغ على أمن الإنسان في كل مكان.
PLANTS USED BY AFRICAN TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL DISEASES: A REVIEW
Authors: Agbor Ashu Michael , Naidoo Sudeshni 
Published: July 2020

Background: Plants form the basis of African traditional medicine which has contributed to significantly to the reduction of mortality, morbidity and disability due to many diseases. Medicinal plants have been reported to be an essential aspect oral health delivery cutting across all facets of oral health care.
Method: Publications and reports on the use of African traditional medicine in oral health care were reviewed from published scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international organizations, research theses, conference papers and other grey material. International online databases such as MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were also searched up to 2015. Publications were limited to the English and French language
Results: This review identified medicinal plant use by traditional healers in preventive, therapeutic and surgical aspects in the oral health and also identified some research gaps which further studies should be carried out.
Conclusion: Medicinal plants has enormous benefits in the management of oral diseases but faces some challenges like toxicity, processing and follow-ups. Research on medicinal plants use in African traditional medicine in oral health is still scanty and most often incomplete.
DETERMINANTS OF URBAN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF GUDER TOWN, WESTERN SHOA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Duguma Amenu Leta , Tolcha Fufa Tesfaye 
Published: July 2020

Despite numerous interventions by government and development partners, youth unemployment has remained an intractable challenge in Ethiopia. It creates many social- economic problems in the economy of the country. This study however aimed to identifying the determinants of urban youth unemployment. The study adopted a cross sectional data of urban youth employment-unemployment. The town was purposively selected from the town of west shoa zones. The primary data was collected from 91 sample respondents through interview questionnaire from Guder town proportionally. A descriptive and econometric analysis was employed to meet the main objective of the study. The descriptive analyses results revealed that about 61.5 % of the youth are unemployed while 38.6 % are employed. Regression results from a binary logit model estimation show that sex, educational level, marital status, skill match and access to credit use of youth are found to be the significant determinants to urban youth unemployment while family prosperity and market information were statistically insignificant to urban youth unemployment in the town. The econometric results suggested the need for the government go aboard on creating jobs through identify employment opportunities and industrialization of agriculture. It also recommended that the government should facilitate formalization of familiar employment which reduces the problem of youth unemployment especially on skilled and educated youth and all secondary schools should have active partnership with employers. As well as government made to increase the availability of initial working capital, the identification of profitable (market gap) business areas and provision of practical training for urban youths to be engaged at their own business.
A statistical assessment of association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic in 10 countries
Authors: Adeyemi Shola , Yakutcan Usame , Demir Eren 
Published: July 2020

Background Eleven out of 13 published articles reported temperature and humidity as factors that could reduce the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases among many other findings. However, there are significant caveats, related to statistical assumptions and the spatial-temporal nature of the data. Methods Associative and causative analyses of data was conducted for 10 countries representing 6 continents of the world, with data obtained between January 22, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Daily confirmed cases, number of deaths, recovered cases, lockdown stringency index, and several meteorological factors are considered. Also, a Granger-Causality test was performed to check if any COVID-19 outcomes are influenced by itself and not by any or combination of maximum temperature, humidity, wind speed and stringency index. Results Most of the associations reported in the literature, between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic are weak evidence, need to be interpreted with caution, as most of these articles neglected the temporal spatial nature of the data. Based on our findings, most of the correlations no matter which coefficient is used are mostly and strictly between -0.5 and 0.5, and these are weak correlations. An interesting finding is the correlation between stringency and each of the COVID-19 outcomes, the strongest being between stringency and confirmed cases, 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) P<.0001. Similarly, wind speed is weakly associated with recovery rate, 0.22 (0.16, 0.28) P<.0001. Lastly, the Granger-Causality test of no dependencies was accepted at P=0.1593, suggesting independence among the parameters. Conclusions Although many articles reported association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19, they mainly lack strong evidence and clear interpretation of the statistical results (e.g. underlying assumption, confidence intervals, a clear hypothesis). Our findings showed that, without effective control measures, strong outbreaks are likely in more windy climates and summer weather, humidity or warmer temperature will not substantially limit pandemic growth.
Clinical and Dynamic Characteristics оf Therapeutic Remissions after Acute Paranoid Psychoses in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Antipsychotics of Various Generations
Authors: Stolyarov S. A. 
Published: July 2020

Background: the comparative aspect of the clinical-diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of long-term remissions treated with antipsychotics of various generations in patients with shift-like schizophrenia remains poorly studied and retains scientific and practical actuality. The purpose of the study: a comparative study of the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics of different generations on clinical-psychopathological peculiarities and the dynamics of 2-year remissions after acute paranoid states in patients with shift-like schizophrenia. Patients and methods: 34 female patients (average age made up 26.9 years old) were diagnosed in shift-like schizophrenia with a clinical picture of the attack as acute paranoid syndrome (F20.02 according to ICD-10). 16 patients received treatment with typical neuroleptics (TN), other 18 patients received atypical neuroleptics (ATN). The study was conducted as an open prospective, using clinical-psychopathological, clinical-catamnestic and clinical-psychometric methods. The mental state of patients was assessed four times: upon admission to the hospital in acute psychosis (1 point), when entering remission (2 points), after 1 and 2 years of remission (3 and 4 points). In psychometric assessment was used calculated for 1 patient indices of the main total score of all signs (MTS) and main score of 1 sign (MS) of the PANSS scale and its subscales of positive (P), negative (N) and general psychopathological (G) syndromes. Results: at the end of the active treatment with both types of antipsychotics at the 2 point of assessment, was reduced MS of positive symptoms P+G subscales from 3.3 to 1.7 scores on TN and from 3.8 to 2.2 scores on ATN, with a remission and stabilization of the achieved improvement with reduction of MS at 4 points up to 1.5. MS of negative symptoms by the 2 nd year of remission on ATN decreased from 2.7 to 2.0 in parallel with the reduction of positive signs by P + G; on TN there was an increase in MS indices of subscale N from 2.3 to 2.7 scores. The assessment of negative disorders is discussed as “secondary” negative due to the phenomenologically is assumed with the symptoms of the positive syndrome and the effects of neurolepsy. Conclusion: TN and ATN exhibit a similar “antipsychotic” effect in the treatment of acute paranoid psychoses in shift-like schizophrenia patients with the formation of long-term high quality remissions, stabilization of degrees of reducted productive psychopathological symptoms and with the absence of the progredience disease. To optimize the therapeutic effect of both types of antipsychotics, it is recommended correction of the regime and the term in transition from active to maintenance therapy and prescription of neurolepsy correctors to reduce severity in the picture of “secondary” negative symptoms.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TATANIAGA BERAS VARIETAS PANDAN WANGI DAN VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU
Authors: Yunita Ima , Yusdiarti Arti , Nahraeni Wini 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine the pandan wangi rice and new prime varieties rice farmer’s income, the marketing channel, the marketing margin, the farmer's share, as well as the ratio of benefits and costs. The results showed that pandan wangi rice farmer’s income per season is more than the farmers of the new prime varieties rice, while the pandan wangi varieties farmer’s income per year less than the new prime varieties rice farmers. There are 5 channels ofpandan wangi rice marketing, while there are 7 channels of new prime varieties rice marketing. Marketing functions of pandan wangi and the new prime varieties rice differ in the level of collector. The marketing margin, farmer’s share, cost and benefit ratio of pandan wangi rice varieties which have the largest are in the marketing channel 1, 5, and 1. The marketing margin, farmer’s share, cost and benefit ratio of new prime varieties rice which have the smallest valuesare in the marketing channel 5, 1, and 5. The marketing margin, farmer’s share, cost and benefit ratio of the new prime varieties rice that have the largest are in the marketing channels 1, 4, and 7. The marketing margin, farmer’s share, cost and benefit ratio of new prime varieties rice whichhave the smallest values are in the marketing channels 4, 1, and 6Key words: Income, marketing, pandan wangi varieties, new rice varieties