bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐conformities in tissue typing laboratory: Croatian experience
Authors: Katalinić N. , Starčević A. , Mavrinac M. , Vuk T. , Balen S. 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYObjectivesOur study aimed to determine the frequency and type of non‐conformities that occurred in the tissue typing laboratory (TTL), Rijeka, Croatia, in order to evaluate the quality of testing and compliance with the requirements of the quality management system (QMS).BackgroundThe QMS in a TTL should lead to improvements in the accuracy and timeliness of results. One of its essential elements is non‐conformity management.MethodsA retrospective analysis of non‐conformities recorded in the TTL Rijeka from 2006 to 2017 revealed the overall frequency of 0·43%. Classification was performed according to the examination phase, employee characteristics, relation to the field of work, part of laboratory and priority of testing.ResultsThe most reported non‐conformities occurred during the examination phase (54·0%), followed by the pre‐ and post‐examination phase (31·2 and 14·8%, respectively). Inadequate competency and less experience were associated with the number of reported non‐conformities while no difference was observed in relation to the profession or position in the laboratory. Non‐conformities were equally distributed between organ transplantation and HLA‐associated disease diagnostic processes, mostly referring to the entire laboratory work.ConclusionIntensifying training and education, implementation of information technology into laboratory processes, more rigorous error detection and reporting are fundamental steps in improving quality of laboratory services.
High prevalence of norovirus and rotavirus co‐infection in children with acute gastroenteritis hospitalised in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Authors: Mikounou Louya Vivaldie , Nguekeng Tsague Boris , Ntoumi Francine , Vouvoungui Christevy , Kobawila Simon Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical severity of diarrhoea associated to viral co‐infection in children with acute gastroenteritis.MethodsAbout 461 children under five years hospitalised with acute diarrhoea (266 males and 187 females) were enrolled in the study. Using stool samples, rotavirus and adenovirus infections were investigated by ELISA, and norovirus infections by nested duplex RT‐PCR. We assessed social, demographic, clinical and behavioural conditions that might influence the occurrence of rotavirus, adenovirus and norovirus infections.ResultsMono‐viral infection was detected in 49% and mixed viral infection in 12% of patients. The prevalence of mixed infection was neither dependent on age nor sex. Three samples were infected with all three viruses. A significant association was found between fever (axillary temperature> 37.5 °C) and rotavirus–norovirus dual infection (aOR (CI 95%) = 2.1 (1.14–3.84), P = 0.016; aOR (CI 95%) = 0.37 (0.19–0.73), P = 0.004). Mixed infection was the most common during the dry season from June to October (71.4% versus 54.7%, P = 0.023).ConclusionCo‐infection with both rotavirus and norovirus is common in under‐five hospitalised children but does not contribute to the severity of the disease.
A matched‐pair analysis reveals marginally reduced CD34+ cell mobilization on second occasion in 27 related donors who underwent peripheral blood stem cell collection twice at the same institution
Authors: Velier Melanie , Granata Angela , Bramanti Stefania , Calmels Boris , Furst Sabine , Legrand Faewzeh , Harbi Samia , Faucher Catherine , Devillier Raynier , Blaise Didier , Mfarrej Bechara , Lemarie Claude , Chabannon Christian 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDIn a small proportion of cases, hematopoietic function is insufficient after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as a result of poor graft function or graft failure. These complications are common indications of re‐mobilization of the initial donor, either for a second allograft or for an infusion of CD34+ Selected stem Cell Boost (SCB).METHODS AND MATERIALSWe retrospectively reviewed the results of two cycles of CD34+ cell mobilization and collection. CD34+ cells mobilized and collected at each cycle were compared. When CD34+ cell selection from the collected allogeneic mononuclear cells was indicated, it was performed with the Clinimacs Plus® medical device, and results from in‐process and final quality checks were analyzed. To assess the efficacy of CD34+ SCB, transfusion needs before and after the infusion of selected CD34+ cells were calculated.RESULTSThe median peripheral blood concentration of CD34+ cells/μL was marginally reduced during the second cycle (35.6 vs 33.8, p < 0.05); results revealed a strong correlation between paired values (r = 0.85). The cumulative number of collected CD34+ cells were similar for both cycles; the total processed blood volume was higher during the second cycle (p = 0.023). For CD34+ immune‐selection procedures, CD34+ cell recovery and purity were respectively 57% and 95%, with a median T‐cell depletion of 6.7 log. Recipients' needs for platelet and red blood cell transfusions were significantly reduced after CD34+ SCB.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms the feasibility of a second cycle of mobilization in healthy related donors and the benefits of CD34+ SCB on hematopoietic reconstitution.
Inter‐firm R&D collaboration within and across national borders
Authors: Edwards T. Huw , Ferrett Ben , Gravino Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe set up a model to investigate the strategic aspect of a firm's incentive to collaborate in cost‐reducing R&D with either a local or a foreign partner. We argue that collaboration with a foreign firm is preferred to collaboration with a local firm if the extra profits generated by a foreign collaboration exceed the additional cost of coordinating collaboration across national borders. We show that foreign collaboration is more likely the bigger the home market size of the foreign firm and, given certain conditions, the higher the international trade cost. We also show that whenever a foreign collaboration arises in equilibrium, it is efficient (i.e., world‐welfare‐maximising) and that there are cases where (a) a foreign collaboration would be efficient but a local collaboration emerges in equilibrium, and (b) an efficient foreign collaboration emerges in equilibrium, but one of the countries would prefer a local collaboration. We briefly consider the policy implications of these findings.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Serpentine Interconnects on Soft Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Nie Shuang , Cai Min , Wang Chengjun , Song Jizhou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serpentine interconnects on soft elastomers have been widely used to develop high-performance stretchable electronics. A number of applications demand the system to sustain repetitive loadings, which lead to fatigue failure of serpentine interconnects. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of serpentine interconnects on an elastomeric substrate is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the fatigue failure of serpentine interconnects is governed by the failure of the encapsulation layer with the fatigue life determined by the strain level. A fatigue life prediction model, validated by experiments, based on the fatigue modulus concept is established to predict the fatigue life of serpentine interconnects. These results provide physical insights into the fatigue failure of serpentine interconnects and paves the theoretical foundation to predict the fatigue life, thus to study the reliability of stretchable electronics.
A Mathematical Model for Grinding a Stick Blade Profile to Cut Hypoid Gears
Authors: Lee Yi-Hui , Fong Zhang-Hua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cutter head with multiple stick blades is widely used in the mass production of hypoid and spiral bevel gears because they allow more blades per revolution of the head cutter. However, the stick blade geometry for a head cutter that is used in face-milling and face-hobbing methods to produce hypoid and spiral bevel gears is complicated and difficult to describe. The geometry of a stick blade is defined in terms of cutting parameters such as the rake angle, the hook angle, and the side relief angle that are required to perform cutting and the theoretical cutter profile in the offset plane or the neutral cutter profile in the normal plane of an imaginary generating crown gear. This study uses a 5-axis profile grinder to grind the stick blade. The machine settings for the profile grinder and the corresponding grinding wheel geometry are derived for the grinding of each face of the stick blade. A sensitivity analysis for the machine settings is conducted to determine the accuracy of the profile grinder. The numerical example shows that the proposed mathematical model is sufficiently accurate for industrial applications.
Curvature Theory on Contact and Transfer Characteristics of Enveloping Curves
Authors: Chan Cody Leeheng , Ting Kwun-Lon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In differential geometry, a curve is characterized by the curvature properties and so is a point trajectory in curvature theory. However, due to the rolling and sliding between contact curves, the characterization of enveloping curves embedded on rigid bodies in relative motion is not complete without the transfer rate of the contact point. This paper presents the new perspectives on not only the curvature characteristics but also the transfer characteristics between enveloping curves embedded on rigid bodies. The paper contains three parts. First, a pair of enveloping curves can be described by a point trajectory which traces two curves simultaneously. Second, the paper treated instant center as a tracing point, which traces the moving centrode and the fixed centrode on each of the bodies. This characterizes the rolling between centrodes and the transfer rate of the instant center on each of centrodes. The treatment can extend the instant center transfer velocity to any higher order. The third part is about the rolling and sliding between enveloping curves embedded on rigid bodies motion. A kinematic model to describe the transfer rate of contact point based on the motion of the instant center is proposed. The detailed curvature and transfer properties of line- and circle-envelopes are presented. Due to the simple treatment, this might be the first paper that successfully achieved the curvature properties of circle-envelopes. The method offers the vital kinematic aspect of enveloping curves distinctly different from the conventional curvature theory and enveloping theory.
Hydrogel Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Beverage Does Not Improve Glucose Availability, Substrate Oxidation, Gastrointestinal Symptoms or Exercise Performance, Compared With a Concentration and Nutrient-Matched Placebo
Authors: McCubbin Alan J. , Zhu Anyi , Gaskell Stephanie K. , Costa Ricardo J.S. 
Published: October 2019

The impact of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution with sodium alginate and pectin for hydrogel formation (CES-HGel), was compared to a standard CES with otherwise matched ingredients (CES-Std), for blood glucose, substrate oxidation, gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS; nausea, belching, bloating, pain, regurgitation, flatulence, urge to defecate, and diarrhea), and exercise performance. Nine trained male endurance runners completed 3 hr of steady-state running (SS) at 60% , consuming 90 g/hr of carbohydrate from CES-HGel or CES-Std (53 g/hr maltodextrin, 37 g/hr fructose, 16% w/v solution) in a randomized crossover design, followed by an incremental time to exhaustion (TTE) test. Blood glucose and substrate oxidation were measured every 30 min during SS and oxidation throughout TTE. Breath hydrogen (H2) was measured every 30 min during exercise and every 15 min for 2 hr postexercise. GIS were recorded every 15 min throughout SS, immediately after and every 15-min post-TTE. No differences in blood glucose (incremental area under the curve [mean ± SD]: CES-HGel 1,100 ± 96 mmol·L−1·150 min−1 and CES-Std 1,076 ± 58 mmol·L−1·150 min−1; p = .266) were observed during SS. There were no differences in substrate oxidation during SS (carbohydrate: p = .650; fat: p = .765) or TTE (carbohydrate: p = .466; fat: p = .633) and no effect of trial on GIS incidence (100% in both trials) or severity (summative rating score: CES-HGel 29.1 ± 32.6 and CES-Std 34.8 ± 34.8; p = .262). Breath hydrogen was not different between trials (p = .347), nor was TTE performance (CES-HGel 722 ± 182 s and CES-Std: 756 ± 187 s; p = .08). In conclusion, sodium alginate and pectin added to a CES consumed during endurance running does not alter the blood glucose responses, carbohydrate malabsorption, substrate oxidation, GIS, or TTE beyond those of a CES with otherwise matched ingredients.
Is Coffee a Useful Source of Caffeine Preexercise?
Authors: Pickering Craig , Grgic Jozo 
Published: October 2019

Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid, with its performance-enhancing effects demonstrated across a wide variety of exercise modalities. Athletes tend to frequently consume caffeine as a performance enhancement method in training and competition. There are a number of methods available as a means of consuming caffeine around exercise, including caffeine anhydrous, sports drinks, caffeine carbohydrate gels, and gum. One popular method of caffeine ingestion in nonathletes is coffee, with some evidence suggesting it is also utilized by athletes. In this article, we discuss the research pertaining to the use of coffee as an ergogenic aid, exploring (a) whether caffeinated coffee is ergogenic, (b) whether dose-matched caffeinated coffee provides a performance benefit similar in magnitude to caffeine anhydrous, and (c) whether decaffeinated coffee consumption affects the ergogenic effects of a subsequent isolated caffeine dose. There is limited evidence that caffeinated coffee has the potential to offer ergogenic effects similar in magnitude to caffeine anhydrous; however, this requires further investigation. Coingestion of caffeine with decaffeinated coffee does not seem to limit the ergogenic effects of caffeine. Although caffeinated coffee is potentially ergogenic, its use as a preexercise caffeine ingestion method represents some practical hurdles to athletes, including the consumption of large volumes of liquid and difficulties in quantifying the exact caffeine dose, as differences in coffee type and brewing method may alter caffeine content. The use of caffeinated coffee around exercise has the potential to enhance performance, but athletes and coaches should be mindful of the practical limitations.
It’s Not Just Physical: Exercise Physiologist-Led Exercise Program Promotes Functional and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Aged Care
Authors: Raynor Annette J. , Iredale Fiona , Crowther Robert , White Jane , Dare Julie 
Published: October 2019

Regular physical activity has multiple benefits for older adults, including improved physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health. This exploratory study investigated the benefits of a 12-week exercise program for older adults (n = 11 control and n = 13 intervention) living in a residential aged care facility in Perth, Western Australia. The program, prescribed and delivered by an accredited exercise physiologist, aimed to maintain or improve participants’ physical capacity. It comprised one-on-one exercise sessions (1 hr × 2 days/week × 12 weeks), involving a components-approach intervention. Physical performance measures (balance, strength, flexibility, and mobility) were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Qualitative interviews postintervention with residents participating in the exercise intervention, and with family members, staff, and research team members, explored barriers and enablers to participation and perceived psychosocial outcomes. Findings indicate the program provided physical benefits and enhanced social engagement for participants, illustrating the value of providing exercise physiology services in the aged care sector.
Postural Control Profiles of Typically Developing Children From 6 to 12 Years old: An Approach Using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: García-Massó Xavier , Estevan Isaac , Izquierdo-Herrera Roberto , Villarrasa-Sapiña Israel , Gonzalez Luis-Millan 
Published: October 2019

The purposes of the present study were a) to establish postural control profiles for individuals 6–12 years of age, b) to analyze the participants’ characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity) in those profiles, and c) to analyze the influence of visual information in the profiles found. Two hundred and eight typically developing children aged 6–12 years performed two trials in bipedal standing position with eyes open and closed. Feature extraction involved time, frequency, and sway-density plot variables using signals from the center of pressure. A Self-Organizing Map was used to classify and visualize the values of the participants in all the postural control variables tested. A k-means cluster analysis was applied to generate a small number of postural control profiles. The results determined six postural control profiles; three with participants denoting high stability and three considered as low stability profiles. Age, sex, and height were related to the postural control profiles. Boys were more frequently allocated in high stability clusters than girls, while the other factors yielded unclear difference between high and low stability profiles. The analysis of children’s profiles reflecting postural stability should therefore involve more than one factor including the individuals’ age, sex, and height.
Real World Tracking of Modified Ride-On Car Usage in Young Children With Disabilities
Authors: Logan Samuel W. , Hospodar Christina M. , Bogart Kathleen R. , Catena Michele A. , Feldner Heather A. , Fitzgerald Jenna , Schaffer Sarah , Sloane Bethany , Phelps Benjamin , Phelps Joshua , Smart William D. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Go Baby Go is a community program that provides modified ride-on cars to young children with disabilities. Aims: (1) To describe the real world modified ride-on car usage of young children with disabilities; (2) To compare subjectively reported modified ride-on car usage recorded by parents with objectively reported usage based on electronic tracking data. Methods: 14 young children (1–3 years old) with disabilities used a modified ride-on car for three months. Results: On average, parent-reported activity log data indicated that children used the modified ride-on car for 17.8 minutes per session (SD = 9.9) and 195.1 total minutes (SD = 234.8) over three months. Objective tracking data indicated 16.5 minutes per session (SD = 8.6) and 171.4 total minutes (SD = 206.1) over three months. No significant difference of modified ride-on car usage was found between parent-reported activity log data and objective tracking; yet, the mean absolute difference between tracking methods was 96 minutes (SD = 8.6) and suggests over- or under-reporting of families. Children used the modified ride-on car more in the first half compared to the second half of the three-month period (p < .05). Conclusions: This study may inform future research studies and local chapters of the Go Baby Go community program.
“We Know What We Like to Do:” Effects of Purposefully Negotiating the Curriculum on the Girls in One Middle School Class and Their Teacher
Authors: Guadalupe Tasha , Curtner-Smith Matthew D. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: In this paper, we describe the study of one teacher as she attempted to purposefully negotiate the curriculum (e.g., goals, content, tasks, and evaluation) with one of her middle school classes. We used key concepts, constructs, and ideas from hegemonic masculinity and feminist theory to guide us in this endeavor. Method: We used seven qualitative techniques to gather data during an 18-lesson unit taught by the teacher Joanne to 37 girls. We employed standard interpretive methods during the analysis. Findings and Conclusions: Both high-skilled and low-skilled passive girls became more motivated to take part in physical education, although low-skilled girls generally had less voice in the negotiation process than their high-skilled peers. Key reasons for Joanne’s success were her skill, the support provided by the school’s leadership team, and the fact that the unit took place within a single-sex class. Conversely, the unit was constrained by Joanne’s and the girls’ socialization and Joanne’s focus on state and local standards.
Population-based assessment of visual impairment and pattern of corneal disease: results from the CORE (Corneal Opacity Rural Epidemiological) study
Authors: Mukhija Ritika , Gupta Noopur , Vashist Praveen , Tandon Radhika , Gupta Sanjeev K 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo characterise types of corneal diseases and resulting visual impairment (VI) in a rural North Indian population.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.MethodsThe Corneal Opacity Rural Epidemiological study included 12 899 participants from 25 random clusters of rural Gurgaon, Haryana, India to determine the prevalence of the corneal disease in the general population. Sociodemographic details, presence and type of corneal morbidity, laterality, VI (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <6/18 in the better eye) and characteristics of corneal opacities were noted.ResultsOverall, 12 113 participants of all ages underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and prevalence of corneal opacity was found to be 3.7% (n=452) with bilateral involvement in 140 participants (31%) during the house-to-house visits. Of the total 571 eyes of 435 patients presenting with corneal opacity at the central clinic, PVA was <3/60 in 166 (29.1%), 3/60 to <6/60 in 14 (2.5%), 6/60 to <6/18 in 164 (28.7%), 6/18 to ≤6/12 in 85 (14.9%) and 6/9 to 6/6 in 142 eyes (24.9%), respectively. Further, there were a total of 115 eyes (20.1%) with nebular corneal opacity, 263 (46.1%) with macular, 162 (28.4%) with leucomatous and 31 (5.4%) with an adherent leucoma. The odds of having VI due to corneal disease were greater for the illiterate (OR:4.26; 95% CI: 2.88 to 6.31; p<0.001) and elderly (OR:11.05; 95% CI: 7.76 to 15.74; p<0.001).ConclusionThe data from this study give an insight into the characteristics of various corneal pathologies and resulting VI in the general population. This is a pioneer study involving all age groups on the burden of VI due to corneal diseases.