bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Identification of Pretreatment Trajectories of Alcohol Use and Their Relationship to Treatment Outcome in Men and Women With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Stasiewicz Paul R. , Bradizza Clara M. , Ruszczyk Melanie U. , Lucke Joseph F. , Zhao Junru , Linn Braden , Slosman Kim S. , Dermen Kurt H. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundFew studies have focused on behavioral changes that occur prior to entering treatment for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). In 2 studies (Psychol Addict Behav, 27, 2013, 1159; J Stud Alcohol, 66, 2005, 369), pretreatment reductions in alcohol use were associated with better treatment outcomes. Identifying patterns of pretreatment change has the potential to inform clinical decision making.MethodsThis study sought to identify pretreatment change trajectories in individuals seeking outpatient treatment for AUD (N = 205) using finite mixture modeling based on changes in number of days abstinent per week (NDA).ResultsThe analysis identified 3 pretreatment trajectory classes. Class 1 (High Abstinence—Minimal Increase; HA‐MI) (n = 64; 31.2%) reported a high level of pretreatment NDA with minimal change during an 8‐week pretreatment interval. Class 2 (Low Abstinence—Steady Increase; LA‐SI) (n = 73; 35.6%) reported a low level of pretreatment NDA followed by a steady increase beginning 2 weeks prior to the phone screen. Class 3 (Nonabstinent—Accelerated Increase; NA‐AI) (n = 68; 33.2%) reported no or very low levels of pretreatment NDA but demonstrated an increase following the phone screen. With regard to within‐treatment change, Class 1 demonstrated the least and Class 3 demonstrated the most change in NDA. From baseline to 6‐month follow‐up, Class 3 added 2.31 abstinent days per week, Class 2 added 0.69 days, and Class 1 added 0.63 days. The increase in NDA for Class 3 was significantly different from the other 2 classes; however, Class 3 reported fewer overall days abstinent at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsStudy results have clinical and research implications including recommended changes to treatment protocols and research designs. Understanding the impact of pretreatment trajectories of alcohol use on within‐treatment and posttreatment outcomes may provide important information about adapting treatment to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
Litter‐dwelling beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) can survive in clear‐cutting during subsequent soil ploughing
Authors: Tamutis Vytautas , Sklodowski Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A 2‐year study of litter dwelling beetles was conducted in different mature pine stands and clear‐cuts in Lithuania using the litter sifting method. We hypothesized that clear‐cutting and subsequent ploughing would increase species diversity and the abundance of beetles, and also would encourage the immediate appearance of early‐successional beetle species replacing late successional species in the clear‐cuts.
We did not confirm a hypothesis regarding increase in the number of species and abundance of beetles in clear‐cuts.
Our hypothesis regarding the immediate appearance of early successional species and disappearance of late‐successional species in clear‐cuts was confirmed.
We also revealed that subsequent soil ploughing in clear‐cuts did not accelerate this process, which was linked to the possibility of late successional species surviving in the undisturbed spaces between the strips of ploughed soil.
The present study shows that late‐successional forest litter‐dwelling coleopteran species of old pine forests have a better chance of survival in a ploughed clear‐cut, at least in northern Europe, than has been reported in other studies.
Helping the “couch potato”: A cognitive dissonance approach to increasing exercise in the elderly
Authors: Cooper Joel , Feldman Lauren A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this manuscript, we present the results of the research that employs a technique inspired by the cognitive dissonance theory to increase older adults’ intentions to exercise. The failure to engage in physical activity is at the root of many psychological and physical ailments, from depression to diabetes. This is especially true of older adults for whom sedentary behavior is increasingly common. The current work reports the results of an experiment and a preliminary study that adopted the hypocrisy paradigm of dissonance to motivate increased behavioral intentions to exercise. Elderly participants volunteered to generate strong arguments in favor of engaging in physical exercise. As predicted by the dissonance theory, when urged to recall times in the past in which they had chosen not to exercise, participants increased their intention to exercise in the future and became more positive about the importance of exercise in their lives. Participants who only advocated for greater exercise but were not made aware of their past transgressions did not show increases in behavioral intentions. The results were interpreted as evidence for the effectiveness of a social psychological theory on a significant social problem.
Life in the lumen: The multivesicular endosome
Authors: Gruenberg Jean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe late endosomes/endo‐lysosomes of vertebrates contain an atypical phospholipid, lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) (also termed bis[monoacylglycero]phosphate [BMP]), which is not detected elsewhere in the cell. LBPA is abundant in the membrane system present in the lumen of this compartment, including intralumenal vesicles (ILVs). In this review, the current knowledge on LBPA and LBPA‐containing membranes will be summarized, and their role in the control of endosomal cholesterol will be outlined. Some speculations will also be made on how this system may be overwhelmed in the cholesterol storage disorder Niemann‐Pick C. Then, the roles of intralumenal membranes in endo‐lysosomal dynamics and functions will be discussed in broader terms. Likewise, the mechanisms that drive the biogenesis of intralumenal membranes, including ESCRTs, will also be discussed, as well as their diverse composition and fate, including degradation in lysosomes and secretion as exosomes. This review will also discuss how intralumenal membranes are hijacked by pathogenic agents during intoxication and infection, and what is the biochemical composition and function of the intra‐endosomal lumenal milieu. Finally, this review will allude to the size limitations imposed on intralumenal vesicle functions and speculate on the possible role of LBPA as calcium chelator in the acidic calcium stores of endo‐lysosomes.
A meta‐analysis to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for Dupuytren's disease
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Kim Dongha , Lee Young‐Seok , Kim Sung Young 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine novel candidate genes for Dupuytren's disease by performing a meta‐analysis. We identified 261 genes (111 up‐regulated and 150 down‐regulated) that were consistently expressed differentially in Dupuytren's disease across the studies. We performed functional enrichment on total sets of the identified 261 genes and confirmed that most of the genes were closely related to common processes of diseases in general. From the integrated studies of the gene‐correlation network and the protein–protein interaction network, we identified three functional modules in the gene co‐expression network and four hub gene clusters in the protein–protein interaction network that shared the same genes and represented similar biological functions, implying that the seven groups identified in the systematic analysis of these two networks might be involved in the pathogenesis of Dupuytren's disease. This work demonstrates potential in developing experimental and clinical strategies for understanding and treating Dupuytren's disease.
Application of Generalized Regression Neural Network in Predicting the Performance of Natural Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: Sridharan M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The performance evaluation of a natural convection solar dryer is a complex one because of the transient and non-linear nature of atmospheric conditions. In this comparative study, a smart neural network -based tool was developed for estimating the performance of such a transient nature solar dryer. For this purpose, a series of experimental studies are conducted through four successive days and compared with the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) modeling. GRNN architecture proposed in this study consists of three inputs (time duration, irradiance, and ambient temperature) and four outputs (drying chamber temperature, the mass of moisture removed, drying rate, and dryer efficiency). Such generalized regression neural network architecture was trained, tested, and validated with real-time experimental variable data sets. The results of the GRNN model are in good agreement with experimental results. The overall accuracy of the proposed GRNN model in predicting the performance is 96.29%.
From Idea to Production: A Retrospective and Longitudinal Case Study of Prototypes and Prototyping Strategies
Authors: Hansen Camilla Arndt , Özkil Ali Gürcan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study explores the value of visualizing the prototyping activities in a new product development process from idea to production. Through a case study of a hardware startup, we present a retrospective and longitudinal study of their prototyping processes, from early idea to the introduction of several product generations to market. We call the visualization technique ProtoMapping, and we use the qualitative and quantitative data captured by the ProtoMap to understand how prototyping strategies change over the course of product development processes. Specifically, we focus on the prototyping of parallel concepts, iterations of concepts, manufacturing processes used for prototypes, prototype media, prototype tests, as well as prototyping of isolated or integrated systems. On the basis of this longitudinal analysis, we present a number of insights that were possible to uncover with ProtoMapping. We observe how parallel prototypes of isolated systems can be used to explore the solution space and later be synthesized into prototypes for integrated systems. Furthermore, we understand how the need to scale up production can lead to increased prototyping activities, as several parts of a product must be redesigned. This study illustrates the utility of a retrospective visualization approach and serves as the first step in formulation of generalized guidelines for prototyping strategies in holistic product development.
A Geometry Generation Framework for Contoured Endwalls
Authors: Wood Liam E. , Jones Robin R. , Pountney Oliver J. , Scobie James A. , Rees D. Andrew S. , Sangan Carl M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mainstream, or primary, flow in a gas turbine annulus is characteristically two-dimensional over the midspan region of the blading, where the radial flow is almost negligible. Contrastingly, the flow in the endwall and tip regions of the blading is highly three-dimensional (3D), characterized by boundary layer effects, secondary flow features, and interaction with cooling flows. Engine designers employ geometric contouring of the endwall region in order to reduce secondary flow effects and subsequently minimize their contribution to aerodynamic loss. Such is the geometric variation of vane and blade profiles—which has become a proprietary art form—the specification of an effective endwall geometry is equally unique to each blade row. Endwall design methods, which are often directly coupled to aerodynamic optimizers, are widely developed to assist with the generation of contoured surfaces. Most of these construction methods are limited to the blade row under investigation, while few demonstrate the controllability required to offer a universal platform for endwall design. This paper presents a geometry generation framework (GGF) for the generation of contoured endwalls. The framework employs an adaptable meshing strategy, capable of being applied to any vane or blade, and a versatile function-based approach to defining the endwall shape. The flexibility of this novel approach is demonstrated by recreating a selection of endwalls from the literature, which were selected for their wide range of contouring approaches.
Impact evaluation of a social protection programme paired with fee waivers on enrolment in Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Palermo Tia M , Valli Elsa , Ángeles-Tagliaferro Gustavo , de Milliano Marlous , Adamba Clement , Spadafora Tayllor Renee , Barrington Clare 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe study aimed to understand the impact of integrating a fee waiver for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) with Ghana’s Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1000 cash transfer programme on health insurance enrolment.SettingThe study was conducted in five districts implementing Ghana’s LEAP 1000 programme in Northern and Upper East Regions.ParticipantsWomen, from LEAP households, who were pregnant or had a child under 1 year and who participated in baseline and 24-month surveys (2497) participated in the study.InterventionLEAP provides bimonthly cash payments combined with a premium waiver for enrolment in NHIS to extremely poor households with orphans and vulnerable children, elderly with no productive capacity and persons with severe disability. LEAP 1000, the focus of the current evaluation, expanded eligibility in 2015 to those households with a pregnant woman or child under the age of 12 months. Over the course of the study, households received 13 payments.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes included current and ever enrolment in NHIS. Secondary outcomes include reasons for not enrolling in NHIS. We conducted a mixed-methods impact evaluation using a quasi-experimental design and estimated intent-to-treat impacts on health insurance enrolment among children and adults. Longitudinal qualitative interviews were conducted with an embedded cohort of 20 women and analysed using systematic thematic coding.ResultsCurrent enrolment increased among the treatment group from 37.4% to 46.6% (n=5523) and decreased among the comparison group from 37.3% to 33.3% (n=4804), resulting in programme impacts of 14 (95% CI 7.8 to 20.5) to 15 (95% CI 10.6 to 18.5) percentage points for current NHIS enrolment. Common reasons for not enrolling were fees and travel.ConclusionWhile impacts on NHIS enrolment were significant, gaps remain to maximise the potential of integrated programming. NHIS and LEAP could be better streamlined to ensure poor households fully benefit from both services, in a further step towards integrated social protection.Trial registration numberRIDIE-STUDY-ID-55942496d53af.
First clinical postmarketing experiences in the treatment of epilepsies with brivaracetam: a retrospective observational multicentre study
Authors: Menzler Katja , Mross Peter Michael , Rosenow Felix , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Willems Laurent Maximilian , Zahnert Felix , Immisch Ilka , Fuest Sven , von Podewils Felix , Kunz Rhina , Hirsch Martin , Mueller Tamara , Marquetand Justus , Winter Yaroslav , Langenbruch Lisa , Cicanic Michal , Beyenburg Stefan , Strzelczyk Adam , Knake Susanne 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesBrivaracetam (BRV) is the latest approved antiepileptic drug and acts as a synaptic vesicle protein 2A ligand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of BRV in the clinical setting.DesignRetrospective, observational multicentre study.SettingWe retrospectively collected clinical data of patients who received BRV in 10 epilepsy centres using a questionnaire that was answered by the reporting neurologist.ParticipantsData of 615 epilepsy patients treated with BRV were included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEfficacy regarding seizure frequency and tolerability of BRV were evaluated. Descriptive statistics complemented by X2contingency tests and effect sizes were performed.ResultsOverall, 44% of the patients had a decreased, 38% a stable and 18% an increased seizure frequency. 17% of patients achieved seizure freedom after initiation of BRV. The seizure frequency decreased in 63% of 19 patients with BRV monotherapy. 27% reported adverse effects, but only 10% of patients with monotherapy. Brivaracetam was significantly more often associated with decreased seizure frequency in levetiracetam (LEV) naïve patients (p=0.012), but BRV also led to a decreased seizure frequency in 42% of patients who had been treated with LEV before, including 17% of patients who were completely seizure free. Adverse effects under LEV improved in 62% and deteriorated in 2% of patients after the switch to BRV. At latest follow-up (mean±SD = 26.3±6.5 months), 68% were still on BRV.ConclusionsThe present study shows that results of the phase III studies on BRV match data from real life clinical settings. Brivaracetam seems to be a useful alternative in patients who have suffered adverse effects while taking LEV.
Factors associated with non-beneficial treatments in end of life hospital admissions: a multicentre retrospective cohort study in Australia
Authors: Carter Hannah Elizabeth , Lee Xing Ju , Gallois Cindy , Winch Sarah , Callaway Leonie , Willmott Lindy , White Ben , Parker Malcolm , Close Eliana , Graves Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess the factors associated with non-beneficial treatments (NBTs) in hospital admissions at the end of life.DesignRetrospective multicentre cohort study.SettingThree large, metropolitan tertiary hospitals in Australia.Participants831 adult patients who died as inpatients following admission to the study hospitals over a 6-month period in 2012.Main outcome measuresOdds ratios (ORs) of NBT derived from logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 103 (12.4%) admissions involved NBTs. Admissions that involved conflict within a patient’s family (OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.1 to 18.9) or conflict within the medical team (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.4 to 17.8) had the strongest associations with NBTs in the all subsets regression model. A positive association was observed in older patients, with each 10-year increment in age increasing the likelihood of NBT by approximately 50% (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9). There was also a statistically significant hospital effect.ConclusionsThis paper presents the first statistical modelling results to assess the factors associated with NBT in hospital, beyond an intensive care setting. Our findings highlight potential areas for intervention to reduce the likelihood of NBTs.
Confidence and willingness among laypersons in the UK to act in a head injury situation: a qualitative focus group study
Authors: Kulnik Stefan Tino , Halter Mary , Hilton Ann , Baron Aidan , Garner Stuart , Jarman Heather , Klaassen Barry , Oliver Emily 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo explore factors influencing confidence and willingness among laypersons in the UK to act in a head injury situation, in order to inform first aid education offered by the British Red Cross.DesignQualitative focus group study.SettingSouth East England.ParticipantsForty-four laypersons (37 women, 7 men) were purposively recruited from the general public using snowball sampling, into one focus group each for six population groups: parents of young children (n=8), informal carers of older adults (n=7), school staff (n=7), sports coaches (n=2), young adults (n=9) and ‘other’ adults (n=11). The median (range) age group across the sample was 25–34 years (18–24, 84–95). Participants were from Asian (n=6), Black (n=6), Mixed (n=2) and White (n=30) ethnic backgrounds.ResultsThe majority of participants described being confident and willing to act in a head injury scenario if that meant calling for assistance, but did not feel sufficiently confident or knowledgeable to assist or make decisions in a more involved way. Individuals’ confidence and willingness presented as fluid and dependent on an interplay of situational and contextual considerations, which strongly impacted decision-making: prior knowledge and experience, characteristics of the injured person, un/observed head injury, and location and environment. These considerations may be framed as enablers or barriers to helping behaviour, impacting decision-making to the same extent as—or even more so than—the clinical signs and symptoms of head injury. An individual conceptual model is proposed to illustrate inter-relationships between these factors.ConclusionsOur findings show that confidence and willingness to act in a head injury scenario are dependent on several contextual and situational factors. It is important to address such factors, in addition to knowledge of clinical signs and symptoms, in first aid education and training to improve confidence and willingness to act.
Obstetric violence criminalised in Mexico: a comparative analysis of hospital complaints filed with the Medical Arbitration Commission
Authors: Calvo Aguilar Omar , Torres Falcón Marta , Valdez Santiago Rosario 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionDisrespect and abuse during childbirth have been reported by numerous countries around the world. One of their principal manifestations is the performance of invasive or surgical procedures without the informed consent of women. Non-dignified treatment is the second most common form of this conduct. Five Mexican states have classified obstetric violence as a crime: Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, the State of Mexico and Veracruz. The others have not yet done so although it is provided for in their civil and administrative regulations.ObjectiveTo analyse whether criminalising obstetric violence has been conducive to the recognition and observance of the reproductive rights of women, based on the records of poor health care complaints filed by women with the Medical Arbitration Commissions (CAMs by their Spanish initials) in two Mexican states.Materials and methodsWe conducted an observational qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Analysis included two states with similar partner demographic and maternal health indicators but different legal classifications of obstetric violence: the Chiapas has criminalized this form of violence while Oaxaca has not. We reviewed the records of obstetric care complaints filed with CAMs in both states from 2011 to 2015, all of them concluded and including full information.ResultsDifferences were observed regarding the contents of complaints, specifically in the categories of abuse, discrimination and neglect during childbirth. The narratives in the other complaint categories were similar between states.ConclusionAfter analysing the records of malpractice complaints in Chiapas and Oaxaca, we conclude that the differentiated legal status of obstetric violence has not influenced recognition or observance of the reproductive rights of women. Criminalising obstetric violence has not improved care provided by health personnel.
Evolution of sub-spaces at high and low energies
Authors: Popov Arkady A. , Rubin Sergey G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The evolution of sub-spaces in the framework of gravity with higher derivatives is studied. Numerical solutions to exact differential equations are found. It is shown that the initial conditions play crucial role in the space dynamic. Appropriate metrics describing an expanding and a stationary sub-space shed light on the well-known question: why our 3-dim space is large but an extra space is small and stable (if exists)? It is assumed that the values of parameters at high energies strongly depend on uncontrolled quantum corrections and, hence, are not equal to their values at low energies. Therefore, there is no way to trace solutions throughout the energy range, and we restrict ourselves to the sub-Planckian and the inflationary energies.