bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative approach to adolescent mental health in Japan: School‐based education about mental health literacy
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Mori Ryoichi , Matsumoto Kazunori , Nemoto Takahiro , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Fujita Hirokazu , Morimoto Tsubasa , Nishizono‐Maher Aya , Fuji Chiyo , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsImproving mental health literacy through school‐based education may encourage mental health promotion, prevention and care and reduce stigma in adolescents. In Japan, instruction about mental illness has been formulated in a Course of Study that reflects governmental curriculum guidelines, which will be enforced from 2022 to promote an understanding of current issues of adolescent health. Educational resources available to schoolteachers have been developed. This article describes the development processes and contents of these resources.MethodsOur collaborating team, consisting of mental health professionals and schoolteachers, developed educational resources, based on feedback from high school students in general and young people who had experienced mental health problems.ResultsThe new Course of Study covers: (1) mechanisms of mental illness, prevalence, age at onset, risk factors and treatability; (2) typical symptoms of mental health problems and illnesses; (3) self‐help strategies for prevention of and recovery from mental illness; (4) enhancing help‐seeking and helping behaviour and (5) decreasing stigma associated with people with mental health problems. The educational strategy is targeted at high school students (grades 10‐12) and is conducted by teachers of health and physical education. The educational resources include short story animated films, filmed social contact and educators' manuals, which are freely available through the internet and open to all concerned including schoolteachers in Japan.ConclusionsOur efforts are expected to help implement mental health education of the public throughout Japan and other countries and promote the practice of early intervention and prevention of mental illnesses in adolescents.
From zygote to a multicellular soma: Body size affects optimal growth strategies under cancer risk
Authors: Erten E. Yagmur , Kokko Hanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMulticellularity evolved independently in multiple lineages, yielding organisms with a wide range of adult sizes. Building an intact soma is not a trivial task, when dividing cells accumulate damage. Here, we study “ontogenetic management strategies,” that is rules of dividing, differentiating and killing somatic cells, to examine two questions: first, do these rules evolve differently for organisms differing in the target mature body size, and second, how well a strategy evolved in small‐bodied organisms performs if implemented in a large body—and vice versa (“large”‐evolved strategies in small bodies). We model the growth and mature lifespan of an organism starting from a single cell and optimize, using a genetic algorithm, trait combinations across a range of target sizes, with seven evolving traits: (a) probability of asymmetric division, (b) probability of differentiation (per symmetric cell division), (c) Hayflick limit, (d) damage response threshold, (e) damage response strength, (f) number of differentiation steps and (g) division propensity of cells relative to “stemness.” Some but not all traits evolve differently depending on body size: large‐bodied organisms perform best with a smaller probability of differentiation, a larger number of differentiation steps on the way to form a tissue and a higher threshold of cellular damage to trigger cell death, than small organisms. Strategies evolved in large organisms are more robust: they maintain high performance across a wide range of body sizes, while those that evolved in smaller organisms fail when attempting to create a large body. This highlights an asymmetry: under various risks of developmental failure and cancer, it is easier for a lineage to become miniaturized (should selection otherwise favour this) than to increase in size.
Genome‐wide insights into introgression and its consequences for genome‐wide heterozygosity in the Mytilus species complex across Europe
Authors: Vendrami David L. J. , De Noia Michele , Telesca Luca , Brodte Eva‐Maria , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe three mussel species comprising the Mytilus complex are widespread across Europe and readily hybridize when they occur in sympatry, resulting in a mosaic of populations with varying genomic backgrounds. Two of these species, M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis, are extensively cultivated across Europe, with annual production exceeding 230,000 tonnes. The third species, M. trossulus, is considered commercially damaging as hybridization with this species results in weaker shells and poor meat quality. We therefore used restriction site associated DNA sequencing to generate high‐resolution insights into the structure of the Mytilus complex across Europe and to resolve patterns of introgression. Inferred species distributions were concordant with the results of previous studies based on smaller numbers of genetic markers, with M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis predominating in northern and southern Europe respectively, while introgression between these species was most pronounced in northern France and the Shetland Islands. We also detected traces of M. trossulus ancestry in several northern European populations, especially around the Baltic and in northern Scotland. Finally, genome‐wide heterozygosity, whether quantified at the population or individual level, was lowest in M. edulis, intermediate in M. galloprovincialis, and highest in M. trossulus, while introgression was positively associated with heterozygosity in M. edulis but negatively associated with heterozygosity in M. galloprovincialis. Our study will help to inform mussel aquaculture by providing baseline information on the genomic backgrounds of different Mytilus populations across Europe and by elucidating the effects of introgression on genome‐wide heterozygosity, which is known to influence commercially important traits such as growth, viability, and fecundity in mussels.
Influence of cosmetic formulations on the skin's circadian clock
Authors: Hettwer S. , Besic Gyenge E. , Obermayer B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe circadian rhythm was set into focus by awarding the Nobel Price of Physiology/Medicine to Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young in late 2017. Numerous publications elucidated the molecular mechanisms driving the circadian biorhythms of our body, peripheral organs and each single cell. However, there is minor knowledge on the circadian rhythm of the skin, which has its own peripheral circadian clock in contact with cosmetic formulations. The skin's epidermal clock is excessively influenced by environmental factors like UV radiation or modern lifestyle, which may induce epidermal jetlag. Here, we give an overview on the current knowledge about the epidermal circadian clock and provide a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the biorhythm of the skin.MethodsQuantitative RT‐PCR to analyse the gene expression of circadian clock genes and the downstream DNA repair gene OGG1 in keratinocytes irradiated with UV‐B. In vivo study to determine skin parameters dependent on the circadian cycle and interference of cosmetic formulations to them by assessment of morning and evening values at each measurement day after 28, 56 and 84 days of the study.ResultsUV‐B irradiation leads to a pronounced delay in circadian clock and downstream gene expression which interferes in the proper function of epidermal stem cells and as thus skin function. The use of a cosmetic active ingredient prevents cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, protects epidermal stem cells and resets the circadian gene expression. It preserves the circadian changes in skin hydration, reduces daily fluctuations of skin redness and strengthens the skin barrier.ConclusionThe skin has its own circadian biorhythm to gain full functionality. Interruption of this oscillation will lead to functional impairments. Here we show a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the skin's circadian rhythm. DNA protection, ROS elimination and stimulation of circadian gene expression seem to be crucial to keep the skin in balance.
Solving the clustered traveling salesman problem with ‐relaxed priority rule
Authors: Hà Minh Hoàng , Nguyen Phuong Hoa , Tran Ngoc Nhat Huyen , Langevin André , Trépanier Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe clustered traveling salesman problem with a prespecified order on the clusters, a variant of the well‐known traveling salesman problem, is studied in the literature. In this problem, delivery locations are divided into clusters with different urgency levels and more urgent locations must be visited before less urgent ones. However, this could lead to an inefficient route in terms of traveling cost. This priority‐oriented constraint can be relaxed by a rule called ‐relaxed priority that provides a trade‐off between transportation cost and emergency level. Given a positive integer , at any point along the route, the ‐relaxed rule allows the vehicle to visit locations with priority , before visiting all locations in class , where is the highest priority class among all unvisited locations. Our research proposes two approaches to solve the problem with ‐relaxed priority rule. We improve the mathematical formulation proposed in the literature to construct an exact solution method. A metaheuristic method based on the framework of iterated local search with problem‐tailored operators is also introduced to find approximate solutions. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our methods.
Ageing and cognition in men with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Sauna‐aho Oili , Bjelogrlic‐Laakso Nina , Rautava Päivi , Arvio Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. The aim of our longitudinal study was to describe ageing‐related cognitive changes in men with FXS.MethodA neuropsychologist determined the raw scores (RSs) of 19 men with FXS twice with the Leiter International Performance Scale at an average interval of 22 years. The ages of the participants at baseline ranged from 16 to 50 (mean 27) years.ResultsAt follow‐up, the RSs improved in two men, remained the same in two men and declined in 15 men. Overall, the RS of the study group deteriorated by an average 4 points in RSs (p < .001).ConclusionCognitive ageing in men with FXS started earlier than that in men in the general population; in many cases, cognitive ageing in men with FXS began before middle age, usually without any medical or other underlying cause.
Applying the self‐determination theory continuum to unhealthy eating: Consequences on well‐being and behavioral frequency
Authors: Kadhim Nada , Amiot Catherine E. , Louis Winnifred R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present research applies self‐determination theory (SDT) to the context of unhealthy eating. The extent to which each of the six types of motivations stemming from the SDT continuum applies to unhealthy eating is examined, as well as the contribution of each motivation for eating unhealthily in predicting psychological well‐being and frequency of unhealthy eating. A three‐wave longitudinal study (N = 379) was conducted before, during, and after the Christmas holidays. Results demonstrated that three types of motivations (i.e., identified, introjected, and external regulation) for unhealthy eating fluctuated over time and peaked during the holidays, a time when unhealthy eating becomes especially salient in Western societies. However, amotivation for unhealthy eating reached its lowest level during the holidays. While identified regulation was associated with greater well‐being, introjected regulation, and amotivation for unhealthy eating were linked with lower well‐being. Integrated regulation was associated with lower well‐being only before and after the holiday period. Finally, the integrated, introjected, external regulations, and amotivation were linked to higher frequency of unhealthy eating. These results confirm that each type of motivation presents distinct patterns of associations with well‐being and actual behavior. Results also demonstrate that the social context in which eating takes place can have an impact on the relationship between motivations and well‐being as well as behavior.
Mutational landscape and genetic signatures of cell‐free DNA in tumour‐induced osteomalacia
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Xi , Zhao Hengqiang , Ming Yue , Wu Xue , Zhang Xian , Yang Xin‐Zhuang , Zhou Meng , Bao Hua , Chen Weisheng , Wu Yong , Liu Sen , Wang Huizi , Niu Yuchen , Li Yalun , Zheng Yu , Shao Yang , Gao Na , Yang Ying , Liu Ying , Li Wenli , Liu Jia , Zhang Na , Yang Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Mei , Sun Yingli , Su Jianzhong , Zhang Jianguo , Xia Weibo , Qiu Guixing , Liu Yong , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Zhihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTumour‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a very rare paraneoplastic syndrome with bone pain, fractures and muscle weakness, which is mostly caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours (PMTs). Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has been regarded as a non‐invasive liquid biopsy for many malignant tumours. However, it has not been studied in benign tumours, which prompted us to adopt the targeted next‐generation sequencing approach to compare cfDNAs of 4 TIO patients, four patients with bone metastasis (BM) and 10 healthy controls. The mutational landscapes of cfDNA in TIO and BM groups were similar in the spectrum of allele frequencies and mutation types. Markedly, deleterious missense mutations in FGFR1 and loss‐of‐function mutations in MED12 were found in 3/4 TIO patients but none of BM patients. The gene ontology analysis strongly supported that these mutated genes found in TIOs would play a potential role in PMTs' process. The genetic signatures and corresponding change in expression of FGFR1 and FGF23 were further validated in PMT tissues from a test cohort of another three TIO patients. In summary, we reported the first study of the mutational landscape and genetic signatures of cfDNA in TIO/PMTs.
Perception and determinants of stigmatization of people with psoriasis in the German population
Authors: Sommer R. , Topp J. , Mrowietz U. , Zander N. , Augustin M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerception of psoriasis in the general population is characterized by knowledge deficits and prejudice against those affected. The extent and possible predictors of stigmatizing attitudes remain unclear.ObjectivesThe aim was to assess prejudices and stigmatization of people with psoriasis and to identify sociodemographic and attitude‐related variables accounting for stigmatization.MethodsRepresentative telephone surveys of 2004 (in 2017) and 2001 (in 2018) adults using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were applied to living area, age, gender, educational status, general knowledge and attitudes about psoriasis. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine which variables are associated with the assessment of prejudices of ‘others’ against people with psoriasis. Those prejudices were specified by the following statements: ‘they should take better care of themselves’, ‘don’t want to touch people with psoriasis’ and ‘disgusted by psoriasis’.ResultsThe majority of those surveyed (74%) believe that people with psoriasis are disadvantaged. Similarly, a majority (69%) said that most people find psoriasis disgusting, do not want to touch people with psoriasis (59%) and think that people with psoriasis need to take better care of themselves (45%). ‘Willing to enter a relationship with an affected person’ (OR = 0.330, P = 0.029), higher age (OR = 1.027, P <0.001) and male gender (OR = 1.263, P = 0.034) proved to be significantly associated with ‘psoriasis is disgusting’. Education (OR = 1.648, P = 0.016) and lower age (OR = 0.847, P <0.001) are significantly associated with ‘they need to take better care of themselves’.ConclusionsData suggest that stigmatization of skin diseases is still entrenched. This overview shows the need for interventions against stigmatization of those affected. Results imply that gender, age and education level and related health literacy of the target groups of respective interventions should be taken into account.
Mechanical properties of toothpastes with diamond abrasives
Authors: Hamza Blend , Attin Thomas , Paqué Pune Nina , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Wegehaupt Florian J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare surface roughness, gloss, and color change of dental enamel after being brushed with toothpastes containing diamond powder and traditional abrasives.Materials and MethodsSeventy enamel slabs were derived from 70 bovine incisors. The slabs were brushed with six different toothpastes and artificial saliva as a negative control. The specimens were then stained with black tea mixed with citric acid (3 days, pH = 4) and again brushed with the same toothpastes. Ra(contact profilometer), gloss (glossmeter), and color (CIE L* a* b* system) values were measured after each step.ResultsEmoform‐F Diamond (contains diamond powder and traditional abrasives) offered significantly the best improvement of Raand gloss values after the first brushing sequence and the best recovery of the brightness of enamel after staining and second brushing sequence (P< .05). AMC 2.5 (contains only diamond powder as abrasive) was not able to offer such improvement.ConclusionDiamond powder as an additional abrasive in toothpastes could be able to offer a further improvement of Ra, gloss, and color values of enamel.
Mitochondrial morphology and function: two for the price of one!
Authors: FAITG JULIE , DAVEY TRACEY , TURNBULL DOUG M. , WHITE KATHRYN , VINCENT AMY E. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMitochondrial shape and function are known to be linked; therefore, there is a need to combine three‐dimensional EM structural analysis with functional analysis. Cytochrome c oxidase labelling is one approach to examine mitochondrial function at the EM level. However, previous efforts to apply this method have had several issues including inconsistent results, disruption to mitochondrial ultrastructure, and a lack of optimisation for volume EM methods. We have used short fixation and microwave processing to address these issues. We show that our method gives consistent cytochrome c oxidase labelling and improves labelling penetration across tissue volume. We also quantify mitochondrial morphology metrics, including in volume EM, to show that ultrastructure is unaltered by the processing. This work represents a technical advance that allows the correlation of mitochondrial function and morphology with greater resolution and volume than has previously been feasible.Lay summaryTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a high‐resolution technique used for the study of cells and their components, such as mitochondria. However, the two‐dimensional nature of TEM means that quantification of these structures is difficult without making assumptions about their shape; a problem that was solved by the advent of three‐dimensional EM approaches. Mitochondrial shape and function are known to be linked therefore there is a need to combine three‐dimensional EM structural analysis with functional analysis. To do this we used electron microscopy to visualise a reaction that assesses the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The reaction deposits a dark staining on mitochondrial cristae where cytochrome c oxidase is functioning and a lack of staining where it is not. We first optimised this technique for TEM, showing that the tissue was evenly stained and exhibited no effect on mitochondrial shape when compared to conventionally processed tissue. We then demonstrated that this was also true of a sample processed for three‐dimensional EM imaging. This work presents an advance in three‐dimensional EM imaging that allows us to look at both mitochondrial function and shape and to detect subtle changes in shape.
Exploring Beliefs About Exercise Among Pregnant Women in Rural Communities
Authors: Tinius Rachel , Nagpal Taniya Singh , Edens Kolbi , Duchette Cathryn , Blankenship Maire 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionWomen who are pregnant in rural communities are disproportionally impacted by obesity and sedentary behavior, and this could be related to having negative beliefs about exercise during pregnancy, leading to inactivity. The purpose of this study was to identify self‐reported beliefs about exercise among pregnant women in a rural community.MethodsPregnant participants (N = 70) between 8 and 16 weeks’ gestation were recruited from an obstetric clinic serving a rural population. An open‐ended questionnaire addressing beliefs about exercise and based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior was administered. Descriptive survey results were analyzed by calculating means and frequencies. Open‐ended responses were assessed by inductive content analysis.ResultsCommonly reported advantages of exercise during pregnancy included improved perinatal health outcomes and weight management. Commonly reported disadvantages included an increase in fatigue and concerns for maternal and fetal safety. Common facilitators of exercise included access to resources, free time or a decrease in demands from work, and support systems including family and friends. Common barriers to exercise included a lack of time, physical changes including feelings of nausea and fatigue, and lack of access to resources.DiscussionThis study was the first to report beliefs about exercise during pregnancy in a rural setting. Responses in the current study suggest potential gaps in knowledge of evidence‐based information regarding physical activity during pregnancy. Beliefs as well as reported barriers and facilitators of physical activity during pregnancy were similar those reported in other populations. In addition, access to resources (or lack of) appears to be an important facilitator (or barrier) among women in rural settings; thus, developing strategies designed to overcome this barrier, specifically in rural areas, is critically important. Future intervention strategies need to be tailored specifically to the needs of women living in rural areas.