bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Initial Computed Tomography Findings with Outcomes of Patients with Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Choudhary Ajay , Kaushik Kaviraj , Bhaskar Surya Narayanan , Gupta Laxmi Narayan , Sharma Rajesh , Varshney Rahul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction In modern emergency service systems, patients are often treated with sedation, intubation, and ventilation at the accident site. But neurosurgical assessment before all these emergency services is important. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the relationships between various parameters of initial CT scan findings and the outcomes of the patients.
Methodology A total of 56 adult patients of traumatic acute subdural hematoma (SDH) whose computed tomography (CT) scan was performed within 8 hours of injury were recruited. The patients with prolonged hypotension, open head injury or depressed skull fracture, bilateral side acute SDH, or contusions/hematoma/extradural hematoma on the contralateral side were excluded. Six separate CT findings were analyzed and recorded, including hematoma, midline shift, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), presence of basal cistern obliteration (BCO), intraparenchymal hematoma/contusion in the same hemisphere, and presence of effacement of the sulcal spaces, and were followed up for three months for outcome analysis.
Results The overall mortality and functional recovery rate were 27 and 50%, respectively. The patients with obliterated basal cisterns and the presence of underlying SAH in patients with acute SDH had statistically significant poorer outcomes as compared with others. However, the extent of midline shift, SDH thickness, and the presence of underlying contusions and sulcal effacement on initial CT scan showed no statistically significant correlation with patients’ outcomes.
Conclusions BCO and presence of subarchnoid hemorrhage underlying acute SDH on the earliest scan in head injury patients signify the severity of brain parenchymal injury. Along with the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score after resuscitation, these two factors should be considered as the most significant ones for predicting the outcomes in traumatic acute SDH patients.
Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes
Authors: Norcliffe-Kaufmann Lucy , Millar Vernetti Patricio , Palma Jose-Alberto , Balgobin Bhumika J. , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHead and neck tumors can affect afferent baroreceptor neurons and either interrupt or intermittently increase their signaling, causing blood pressure to become erratic. When the afferent fibers of the baroreflex are injured by surgery or radiotherapy or fail to develop as in familial dysautonomia, their sensory information is no longer present to regulate arterial blood pressure, resulting in afferent baroreflex failure. When the baroreflex afferents are abnormally activated, such as by paragangliomas in the neck, presumably by direct compression, they trigger acute hypotension and bradycardia and frequently syncope, by a mechanism similar to the carotid sinus syndrome. We describe our observations in a large series of 23 patients with afferent baroreflex dysfunction and the cardiovascular autonomic features that arise when the sensory baroreceptor neurons are injured or compressed. The management of afferent baroreceptor dysfunction is limited, but pharmacological strategies can mitigate blood pressure swings, improve symptoms, and may reduce hypertensive organ damage. Although rare, the prevalence of afferent baroreflex dysfunction appears to be increasing in middle-aged men due to human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer.
Recombinant Thrombomodulin in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Stage IV Solid Tumors: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Kohei , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Yamakawa Kazuma , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The terminal stage of solid tumors sometimes induces disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); however, no useful therapeutic strategies have been established. This study investigated the relationship between mortality and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) therapy for patients with DIC associated with stage IV solid tumors using a large nationwide inpatient database.
Methods Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Inpatient Database, patients with stage IV solid tumors who developed DIC were identified. Those who received rTM within 3 days of admission were included in the treatment group; the remaining were included in the control group. The primary outcome was the 28-day in-hospital mortality.
Results Of 25,299 eligible patients, 1 to 4 propensity score matching was used to select 1,979 rTM users and 7,916 nonusers. There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality (control vs. rTM: 37.4% vs. 34.3%; hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.04) and critical bleeding rate (control vs. rTM: 3.7% vs. 3.8%; odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.75–1.42) between groups. Subgroup analyses showed that the 28-day mortality rate among patients with colorectal and gynecological cancer was significantly lower in the rTM than in the control group (p for interaction 0.033 and 0.010, respectively).
Conclusion Although we identified a possibly beneficial association between rTM administration and mortality in specific populations of patients with colorectal and gynecological cancer, no such association was found when considering the entire cohort of patients with DIC associated with stage IV solid tumors.
Considerations for Designing EHR-Embedded Clinical Decision Support Systems for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Ozkaynak Mustafa , Metcalf Noel , Cohen Daniel M. , May Larissa S. , Dayan Peter S. , Mistry Rakesh D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective This study was aimed to explore the intersection between organizational environment, workflow, and technology in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) and how these factors impact antibiotic prescribing decisions.Methods Semistructured interviews with 17 providers (1 fellow and 16 attending faculty), and observations of 21 providers (1 physician assistant, 5 residents, 3 fellows, and 12 attendings) were conducted at three EDs in the United States. We analyzed interview transcripts and observation notes using thematic analysis.Results Seven themes relating to antibiotic prescribing decisions emerged as follows: (1) professional judgement, (2) cognition as a critical individual resource, (3) decision support as a critical organizational resource, (4) patient management with imperfect information, (5) information-seeking as a primary task, (6) time management, and (7) broad process boundaries of antibiotic prescribing.Discussion The emerging interrelated themes identified in this study can be used as a blueprint to design, implement, and evaluate clinical decision support (CDS) systems that support antibiotic prescribing in EDs. The process boundaries of antibiotic prescribing are broader than the current boundaries covered by existing CDS systems. Incongruities between process boundaries and CDS can under-support clinicians and lead to suboptimal decisions. We identified two incongruities: (1) the lack of acknowledgment that the process boundaries go beyond the physical boundaries of the ED and (2) the lack of integration of information sources (e.g., accessibility to prior cultures on an individual patient outside of the organization).Conclusion Significant opportunities exist to improve appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing by considering process boundaries in the design, implementation, and evaluation of CDS systems.
Measuring Outcomes in Knee Articular Cartilage Pathology
Authors: Oak Sameer R. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasuring outcomes following treatment of knee articular cartilage lesions is crucial to determine the natural history of disease and the efficacy of treatments. Outcome assessments for articular cartilage treatments can be clinical (based on failure, lack of healing, reoperation, need for arthroplasty), radiographic (X-ray, MRI), histologic, or patient reported and functional. The purpose of this review is to discuss the application and properties of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with a focus on articular cartilage injuries and surgery in the knee. The most frequently used and validated PROs for knee articular cartilage studies include: the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, and Lysholm score as knee-specific measures; the Marx Activity Rating Scale and Tegner Activity Scale as activity measures; and EQ-5D and SF-36/12 as generic quality-of-life measures. Incorporating these validated PROs in studies pertaining to knee articular cartilage lesions will allow researchers to fully capture clinically relevant outcomes that are most important to patients.
Poor Outcome of Above-Knee Amputation after Septic Failure of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Böhle Sabrina , Rohe Sebastian , Kirschberg Julia , Brinkmann Olaf , Seeger Jörn , Zippelius Timo , Matziolis Georg , Röhner Eric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPersistent periprosthetic infection following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most dreaded complications of orthopaedic surgery. Treatment strategies include arthrodesis of the knee joint, stable fistula, long-lasting antibiotic therapy, or above-knee amputation. The advantage of amputation in comparison to other treatment options is the possible cure of infection, because the source of infection is removed and no foreign material left in situ. The aim of the study is to examine whether a septic amputation of the femur in case of persistent periprosthetic infection at the knee joint leads to the healing of the patient. Moreover, the physical and mental state should be evaluated. All patients with above-knee amputation because of periprosthetic joint infection after primary total knee arthroplasty between 2016 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. A questionnaire with the clinical scores visual analog scale, modified Lysholm, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and 36-Item Short Form Survey has been designed. In addition, all characteristics and perioperative data were documented. Eleven patients were included in the study. One patient died after above-knee amputation; all other patients live with a marked impairment of quality of life but with absence of the infection of the leg. Two out of ten are able to walk regularly with an exoprosthesis with forearm crutches, 50% are in a wheelchair, while 30% are bedridden. Patients with above-knee amputation after persistent periprosthetic infections were free of infection and without signs of inflammation. However, this is associated with worse mobility and high mortality rate.
Records of RNA locations in living yeast revealed through covalent marks
Authors: Medina-Munoz Hugo C. , Lapointe Christopher P. , Porter Douglas F. , Wickens Marvin 
Published: September 2020

Significance
RNAs move within cells and often reside at specific locations. The need to detect those movements and locales across the transcriptome is pressing. We report an approach in living cells that provides a record of localization across the entire collection of RNAs a cell contains. It relies on covalently marking the RNA when it directly encounters a specific site. Using this approach, we identify a conserved battery of RNAs that are identified at more than one location in yeast and human cells, noncanonical modes of localization, and RNAs undergoing processing or surveillance at discrete subcellular locations. Our findings provide an entrée to the histories of individual RNA molecules through covalent marks.
Dynamic structural order of a low-complexity domain facilitates assembly of intermediate filaments
Authors: Sysoev Vasiliy O. , Kato Masato , Sutherland Lillian , Hu Rong , McKnight Steven L. , Murray Dylan T. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The main point of our manuscript is focused on the structure of the low-complexity (LC) domain of the Tm1-I/C intermediate filament protein in the context of assembled intermediate filaments. We found that the LC tail domain of Tm1-I/C exists in precisely the same cross-β conformation within its proper biologic assembly as it does in labile, amyloid-like polymers made from the tail domain alone. This science represents a conceptually distinct advance that may form the cornerstone understanding of how the thousands of LC domains expressed in eukaryotic cells operate in a mechanistic sense, and stands in conflict with previous research claiming that LC domains function in the absence of molecular structure.
Emerging algebraic growth trends in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic data
Authors: Bod’ová Katarína , Kollár Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the reported data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak in January–May 2020 in 119 countries. We observe that the time series of active cases in individual countries (the difference of the total number of confirmed infections and the sum of the total number of reported deaths and recovered cases) display a strong agreement with algebraic growth and at a later epidemic stage also with a combined algebraic growth with exponential decay. Our results are also formulated in terms of compartment-type mathematical models of epidemics. Within these models the universal scaling characterizing the observed regime in an advanced epidemic stage can be interpreted as an algebraic decay of the relative reproduction number R
0 as T

M
/t, where T

M
is a constant and t is the duration of the epidemic outbreak. We show how our findings can be applied to improve predictions of the reported pandemic data and estimate some epidemic parameters. Note that although the model shows a good agreement with the reported data, we do not make any claims about the real size of the pandemic, as the relationship of the observed reported data to the total number of individuals infected in the population is still unknown.
‘When’ and ‘what’ did you see? A novel fMRI-based visual decoding framework
Authors: Wang Chong , Yan Hongmei , Huang Wei , Li Jiyi , Yang Jiale , Li Rong , Zhang Leiyao , Li Liang , Zhang Jiang , Zuo Zhentao , Chen Huafu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. Visual perception decoding plays an important role in understanding our visual systems. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have made great advances in predicting the visual content of the single stimulus from the evoked response. In this work, we proposed a novel framework to extend previous works by simultaneously decoding the temporal and category information of visual stimuli from fMRI activities. Approach. 3 T fMRI data of five volunteers were acquired while they were viewing five categories of natural images with random presentation intervals. For each subject, we trained two classification-based decoding modules that were used to identify the occurrence time and semantic categories of the visual stimuli. In each module, we adopted recurrent neural network (RNN), which has proven to be highly effective for learning nonlinear representations from sequential data, for the analysis of the temporal dynamics of fMRI activity patterns. Finally, we integrated the two modules into a complete framework. Main results. The proposed framework shows promising decoding performance. The average decoding accuracy across five subjects was over 19 times the chance level. Moreover, we compared the decoding performance of the early visual cortex (eVC) and the high-level visual cortex (hVC). The comparison results indicated that both eVC and hVC participated in processing visual stimuli, but the semantic information of the visual stimuli was mainly represented in hVC. Significance. The proposed framework advances the decoding of visual experiences and facilitates a better understanding of our visual functions.
The impact decades-long dependence on hydropower in El Niño impact-prone Zambia is having on carbon emissions through backup diesel generation
Authors: Ahmed Imaduddin , Parikh Priti , Sianjase Graham , Coffman D’Maris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Emissions associated with hydropower are often forgotten. Lifecycle assessments of greenhouse gas emissions emanating from hydropower must count embedded carbon, emissions from reservoir lakes and the loss of carbon sinks, as well as backup diesel generation emissions when dependence on hydropower fails to deliver energy. Using Zambia as a case study, we estimate using a bottom-up approach that the emissions associated with backup diesel generation from Zambia’s power utility ZESCO and three largest sectors of consumers were up to 27 000 tonnes of

C

O

2

in the worst months of drought in 2019. This is significantly higher than what a previous top-down approach would have estimated.
We worked out ZESCO’s diesel generation attributable to drought using trend analysis. We worked out the mining sector’s emissions using copper production data, on-grid electricity consumption and calculated electricity intensity to infer off-grid electricity consumption in years of drought. From our household survey we learned average duration of generator use, average capacities of generators and acquired household income and generator use data which we ran in a Tobit regression. These together with labour force survey data helped us infer the level of diesel generation by households of different income brackets. For manufacturing firms we surveyed 123 firms. We collected rich diesel generation use data covering years of drought, input this into an OLS regression to identify predictors of diesel generation use (installed capacity of generator in kVA, in litres and whether generation was in a drought year) which we then used to extrapolate implied diesel generation for the firms for which we had less rich data.
As global average temperatures and the frequency of El Niño droughts rise in hydropower dependent countries which account for a fifth of the world’s population, backup generation emissions have implications for the formulation of low carbon energy policy.
Improved adaptive particle refinement in δ-SPH and application to flow around bluff bodies simulation in different reynolds numbers
Authors: Yang Caihong , Kang Zhuang , Guan Yanmin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Particle refinement technique uses spatially varying particle distributions that focus fine resolution on areas of interest to improve accuracy and computational efficiency of the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, but its stability at coarse/fine interfaces can be problematic. Aiming at this problem, this paper improved adaptive particle refinement (APR) technology by optimizing the interpolation method of the particle parameters in buffer area and correcting the kernel gradient of particles troubled with boundary truncation to eliminate the truncation error. Based on the improved APR adopted in δ-SPH, the numerical simulation of the viscous flows around the bluff bodies under different Reynolds numbers were carried out. Additionally, the wake flows and hydrodynamic coefficients of the bluff bodies were systematically analyzed, respectively. The validity of the improved model was verified by comparing with the values in experiment and related literature, respectively. The calculated hydrodynamic coefficient achieves good agreement with the experimental data and the wake flow phenomena observed in experiment are clearly captured. The method adopted in this paper is effective and reliable, and has certain reference value for the research of fluid dynamics fields.
Positive intertwiners for Bessel functions of type B
Authors: Rösler Margit , Voit Michael 
Published: September 2020

LetVkV_kdenote Dunkl’s intertwining operator for the root sytemBnB_nwith multiplicityk=(k1,k2)k=(k_1,k_2)withk1≥0,k2>0k_1\geq 0, k_2>0. It was recently shown that the positivity of the operatorVk′,k=Vk′∘Vk−1V_{k^\prime \!,k} = V_{k^\prime }\circ V_k^{-1}which intertwines the Dunkl operators associated withkkandk′=(k1+h,k2)k^\prime =(k_1+h,k_2)implies thath∈[k2(n−1),∞[∪({0,k2,…,k2(n−1)}−Z+)h\in [k_2(n-1),\infty [\,\cup \,(\{0,k_2,\ldots ,k_2(n-1)\}-\mathbb Z_+). This is also a necessary condition for the existence of positive Sonine formulas between the associated Bessel functions. In this paper we present two partial converse positive results: fork1≥0,k2∈{1/2,1,2}k_1 \geq 0, \,k_2\in \{1/2,1,2\}andh>k2(n−1)h>k_2(n-1), the operatorVk′,kV_{k^\prime \!,k}is positive when restricted to functions which are invariant under the Weyl group, and there is an associated positive Sonine formula for the Bessel functions of typeBnB_n. Moreover, the same positivity results hold for arbitraryk1≥0,k2>0k_1\geq 0, k_2>0andh∈k2⋅Z+.h\in k_2\cdot \mathbb Z_+.The proof is based on a formula of Baker and Forrester on connection coefficients between multivariate Laguerre polynomials and an approximation of Bessel functions by Laguerre polynomials.
Deep-Kcr: accurate detection of lysine crotonylation sites using deep learning method
Authors: Lv Hao , Dao Fu-Ying , Guan Zheng-Xing , Yang Hui , Li Yan-Wen , Lin Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As a newly discovered protein posttranslational modification, histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr) involved in cellular regulation and human diseases. Various proteomics technologies have been developed to detect Kcr sites. However, experimental approaches for identifying Kcr sites are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, which is difficult to widely popularize in large-scale species. Computational approaches are cost-effective and can be used in a high-throughput manner to generate relatively precise identification. In this study, we develop a deep learning-based method termed as Deep-Kcr for Kcr sites prediction by combining sequence-based features, physicochemical property-based features and numerical space-derived information with information gain feature selection. We investigate the performances of convolutional neural network (CNN) and five commonly used classifiers (long short-term memory network, random forest, LogitBoost, naive Bayes and logistic regression) using 10-fold cross-validation and independent set test. Results show that CNN could always display the best performance with high computational efficiency on large dataset. We also compare the Deep-Kcr with other existing tools to demonstrate the excellent predictive power and robustness of our method. Based on the proposed model, a webserver called Deep-Kcr was established and is freely accessible at http://lin-group.cn/server/Deep-Kcr.
The uniform general signed rank test and its design sensitivity
Authors: Howard S R , Pimentel S D 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA sensitivity analysis in an observational study tests whether the qualitative conclusions of an analysis would change if we were to allow for the possibility of limited bias due to confounding. The design sensitivity of a hypothesis test quantifies the asymptotic performance of the test in a sensitivity analysis against a particular alternative. We propose a new, nonasymptotic, distribution-free test, the uniform general signed rank test, for observational studies with paired data, and examine its performance under Rosenbaum’s sensitivity analysis model. Our test can be viewed as adaptively choosing from among a large underlying family of signed rank tests, and we show that the uniform test achieves design sensitivity equal to the maximum design sensitivity over the underlying family of signed rank tests. Our test thus achieves superior design sensitivity, indicating it will perform well in sensitivity analyses on large samples. We support this conclusion with simulations and a data example, showing that the advantages of our test extend to moderate sample sizes as well.