bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm and STEMI: a case report of unexpected cardiac complications of thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Brown Josiah , Cham Matthew D , Huang Gary S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Thyroid storm is a rare condition with well-known cardiovascular manifestations including tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (MI). Several uncommon conditions that can mimic MI are associated with thyrotoxicosis and discussed in this case.

Case summary
A 23-year-old previously healthy male presented after the onset of generalized weakness and inability to rise from bed in the setting of 35 kg of unintentional weight loss, and was found to have profound hypokalaemia, elevated thyroid hormone, and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone consistent with thyrotoxicosis secondary to Grave’s disease. Following hospital admission, he developed worsening tachycardia with dynamic anteroseptal ST-segment elevations and elevated cardiac biomarkers concerning for MI. He was treated with aspirin, ticagrelor, and a heparin infusion, but was unable to tolerate beta-blockade acutely due to hypotension. Echocardiography demonstrated a severely dilated left ventricle (left ventricular end-diastolic volume index 114 mL/m2) and severely reduced systolic function (ejection fraction 23%) with global hypokinesis. Following initiation of propylthiouracil, iodine solution, and stress-dosed steroids his tachycardia and ST-elevations resolved. Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography demonstrated no evidence of coronary stenosis. He was discharged on methimazole, metoprolol, and lisinopril and found to have recovered left ventricular systolic function at 2-month follow-up.

Discussion
Thyrotoxicosis can rarely cause coronary vasospasm, stress cardiomyopathy, and autoimmune myocarditis. These conditions should be suspected in hyperthyroid patients with features of MI and normal coronary arteries. Workup should include laboratory evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and non-invasive or invasive ischaemic evaluation.
Incidence and Associated Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults Postdischarge Who Undergo Elective Total Hip Replacement Surgery—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hill Anne-Marie , Ross-Adjie Gail , McPhail Steven M , Jacques Angela , Bulsara Max , Cranfield Alexis , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Azlan Natasya Raja , Powell Sarah-Jayne , Hardisty Gerard , Monterosso Leanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Hip replacement surgery improves health-related quality of life; however, it has been suggested that falls rates increase after hospital discharge. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and associated risk factors for falls in older adults in the 12 months after undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery.

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Participants were adults aged 60 years or older who underwent primary elective total hip replacement surgery in a private tertiary hospital in Perth, Australia. Baseline data collected immediately prior to discharge included use of walking aids, medications, and functional level of independence (using Katz and Lawton scales). Falls data were collected for 12 months using calendars and monthly phone calls. Data were analyzed using logistic and negative binomial regression modeling.

Results
Participants’ ([n = 167], 54.4% female) mean age was 71.2 (±6.9) years. There were 51 (31%) participants who used a walking aid prior to surgery. There were 140 falls reported over 12 months by 67 (42%) participants, of which 90 (64.3%) were injurious (n = 9 fractures). The fall rate was 2.6 per 1000 patient-days. Age (adjusted odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.20) and hospital length of stay (adjusted odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.54).were significantly associated with sustaining multiple falls.

Conclusions
More than 40% of older adults fell in the 12 months after elective hip replacement surgery although the cohort had low fall risk prior to surgery. Rehabilitation after hip replacement surgery should consider fall prevention.
Same-Sex Couples and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Liu Hui , Hsieh Ning , Zhang Zhenmei , Zhang Yan , Langa Kenneth M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We provide the first nationally representative population-based study of cognitive disparities among same-sex and different-sex couples in the United States.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016). The sample included 23,669 respondents (196 same-sex partners and 23,473 different-sex partners) aged 50 and older who contributed to 85,117 person-period records (496 from same-sex partners and 84,621 from different-sex partners). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Mixed-effects discrete-time hazard regression models were estimated to predict the odds of cognitive impairment.

Results
The estimated odds of cognitive impairment were 78% (p &lt; .01) higher for same-sex partners than for different-sex partners. This disparity was mainly explained by differences in marital status and, to a much lesser extent, by differences in physical and mental health. Specifically, a significantly higher proportion of same-sex partners than different-sex partners were cohabiting rather than legally married (72.98% vs. 5.42% in the study sample), and cohabitors had a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than their married counterparts (odds ratio = 1.53, p &lt; .001).

Discussion
The findings indicate that designing and implementing public policies and programs that work to eliminate societal homophobia, especially among older adults, is a critical step in reducing the elevated risk of cognitive impairment among older same-sex couples.
Reflection of inhomogeneous plane waves at the surface of a thermo-poroelastic medium
Authors: Wang Enjiang , Carcione José M , Yuan Yang , Ba Jing 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYWe analyse the reflection coefficient of an inhomogeneous plane wave incident on the thermally insulated surface of a thermo-poroelastic medium. The theory, which includes the classic Lord-Shulman (LS) and Green-Lindsay (GL) theories as well as a generalization of the LS model, predicts three inhomogeneous longitudinal waves and one transverse wave, described by potential functions specified by the propagation direction and inhomogeneity angle. The GL model can give a stronger P1-wave thermal attenuation and consequently a stronger velocity dispersion than the LS model. We investigate the influence of inhomogeneity angle, type of incident wave, frequency and surface boundary conditions. The generalized LS model exhibits increased P1-wave thermal attenuation with increasing Maxwell–Vernotte–Cattaneo relaxation time and consequently predicts more interference energy, irrespective if the surface is open or sealed. The inhomogeneity angle affects the energy partitions particularly near the grazing incidence, with a significant interference energy, which must be taken into account to satisfy the energy conservation. The thermal dispersion occurs at frequencies around the thermal relaxation peak, which moves to low frequencies when the conductivity increases.
Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species ofSchwarzia
Authors: Bossert Silas , Copeland Robert S , Sless Trevor J L , Branstetter Michael G , Gillung Jessica P , Brady Seán G , Danforth Bryan N , Policarová Jana , Straka Jakub 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBees of the tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini are cleptoparasites in the subfamily Nomadinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and parasitize solitary bees. Understanding their phylogenetic relationships has proven difficult for many decades. Previous research yielded ambiguous results because of conflicting phylogenetic signals of larval and adult morphological characters. Molecular data settled some of this disparity but our knowledge remains fragmented due to limited taxon sampling and the discovery of a new lineage associated with Biastini: the enigmatic Schwarzia Eardley, 2009. Schwarzia has unusual morphological features and seems transitional between previously established taxa. This puts limits on our ability to diagnose the groups, understand their antiquity and biogeography, and study the evolution of host-choice. To address this, we integrate phylogenomics and morphology to establish a fossil-calibrated phylogeny for the tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini. We show that Schwarzia is indeed closely related to Biastes Panzer, 1806, but Biastes itself is paraphyletic in respect to Neopasites Ashmead, 1898, and even Biastini is paraphyletic due to Townsendiella Crawford, 1916, which is sister to Rhopalolemma Roig-Alsina, 1991. To ensure monophyly, we lower Neopasites to subgeneric rank within Biastes and resurrect Melittoxena Morawitz, 1873 as a third subgenus. We then assess the diagnosability of different tribal concepts and establish an expanded tribe Neolarrini that includes Biastini and Townsendiellini as new synonyms for Neolarrini. Neolarrini in this new, expanded sense likely originated in the Nearctic in the mid-Eocene and is, as far we know, composed exclusively of parasites of oligolectic hosts. Lastly, our continued efforts to find the rare Schwarzia in Eastern Africa led to the discovery of three new species, which are described herein.
BK Virus Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes: An Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients at Texas Children’s Hospital
Authors: Ruderfer Daniel , Wu Mengfen , Wang Tao , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R , Krance Robert A , Naik Swati , Bocchini Claire E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a serious complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods
A retrospective review was performed to determine the frequency of BKV-HC and identify risk factors and renal morbidity associated with BKV-HC in pediatric HSCT recipients at our institution.

Results
A total of 314 pediatric recipients underwent allogeneic HSCT for either malignant (173, 55.1%) or nonmalignant disorders (141, 44.9%) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years post-HSCT. Severe BKV-HC (grades 3 and 4) was prevalent in 46 out of 67 (68.7%) recipients. Timing to presentation of severe BKV-HC (grades 3 and 4) occurred at a median of 37 days (26, 74; IQ1, IQ3) post-HSCT, with the duration of macroscopic hematuria lasting a median of 37.5 days (18, 71; IQ1, IQ3). In the first 60 days post-HSCT, peak acute kidney injury (AKI) stages 2 and 3 were seen more frequently in HSCT recipients who developed BKV-HC than those without (P = .004). Similarly, during post-HSCT days 61 to 100, peak AKI stage 3 was also more frequently seen in HSCT recipients who already developed BKV-HC prior to or during this time period than those without BKV-HC (P = .0002). Recipients who developed BKV-HC within 1 year of HSCT had more frequent mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 2-3) than those without BKV-HC (P = .002 and .007, respectively). On multivariate analysis, BKV-HC was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-3.65). The following clinical variables were associated with time to development of HC on multivariate analysis: age (subdistribution HR [sHR] 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16) and myeloabalative conditioning regimen (sHR 4.2; 95% CI: 2.12-8.34).

Conclusions
Pediatric HSCT patients with BKV-HC experience significant morbidity and mortality. Renal morbidity, including AKI and CKD, is associated with BKV-HC.
On the geometry and environment of repeating FRBs
Authors: Du Shuang , Wang Weihua , Wu Xuhao , Xu Renxin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a geometrical explanation for periodically and non-periodically repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) under neutron star (NS)–companion systems. We suggest a constant critical binary separation, rc, within which the interaction between the NS and companion can trigger FRBs. For an elliptic orbit with the minimum and maximum binary separations, rmin and rmax, a periodically repeating FRB with an active period could be reproduced if rmin &lt; rc &lt; rmax. However, if rmax &lt; rc, the modulation of orbital motion will not work due to persistent interaction, and this kind of repeating FRBs should be non-periodic. We test relevant NS–companion binary scenarios on the basis of FRB 180916.J0158+65 and FRB 121102 under this geometrical frame. It is found that the pulsar–asteroid belt impact model is more suitable to explain these two FRBs since this model is compatible with different companions (e.g. massive stars and black holes). At last, we point out that FRB 121102-like samples are potential objects that can reveal the evolution of star-forming region.
Stacking redshifted 21 cm images of H ii regions around high-redshift galaxies as a probe of early reionization
Authors: Davies James E , Croft Rupert A C , Di-Matteo Tiziana , Greig Bradley , Feng Yu , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
A number of current and future experiments aim to detect the reionization of neutral hydrogen by the first stars and galaxies in the Universe via the redshifted 21 cm line. Using the bluetides simulation, we investigate the measurement of an average ionized region towards the beginning of reionization by stacking redshifted 21 cm images around optically identified bright galaxies using mock observations. We find that with an SKA 1000 h observation, assuming perfect foreground subtraction, a 5σ detection of a stacked H ii region can be made with 30 images around some of the brightest galaxies in bluetides (brighter than MUV &lt; −22.75) at z = 9 (corresponding to a neutral fraction of 90.1 per cent in our model). We present simulated relationships between the UV magnitude of galaxies, the sizes of the ionized regions they reside in, and the shape of the stacked profiles. These mock observations can also distinguish between scenarios where the intergalactic medium is in net emission or absorption of 21 cm photons. Once 21 cm foreground contamination is included, we find that even with up to 200 images around these rare, bright galaxies, only a tentative &gt;1σ detection will be possible. However, partial foreground subtraction substantially improves signal to noise. For example, we predict that reducing the area of Fourier space dominated by foregrounds by 50 (80) per cent will allow &gt;3σ (&gt;5σ) detections of ionized regions at z = 9.
Predictive Evolution Factors of Incidentally Discovered Suspected Low-Grade Gliomas: Results From a Consecutive Series of 101 Patients
Authors: Boetto Julien , Ng Sam , Duffau Hugues 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Incidentally discovered suspected diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs) on brain imaging pose a challenge to neurosurgeons. Modern surgical series of LGGs favor early prophylactic surgery with a maximal extent of resection. However, some nonevolutive lesions may mimic LGGs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

OBJECTIVE
To determine objective criteria to advocate surgical resection of an incidentally discovered suspected LGG based upon MRI findings.

METHODS
The prospective cohort of patients referred to our institution for an incidental finding suggestive of LGG was retrospectively reviewed. Stable lesions underwent systematic serial MRI follow-up, while evolutive lesions underwent prophylactic surgery under awake conditions. Initial clinico-radiological features were compared between stable and evolutive lesions in order to determine predictive criteria of further evolution.

RESULTS
Among 101 patients referred for surgical resection of incidentally discovered suspected LGG in our center, 19 patients (18.8%) had nonevolutive MRI lesions after a mean follow-up of 46.9 ± 34.9 mo. Insular topography (P = .003), higher mean volume at discovery (19.2 vs 5.2 cm3, P < .001), and adjacent sulcal effacement (P = .001) were associated with evolutive lesions. Histopathological diagnosis of LGG was confirmed in all surgical cases.

CONCLUSION
Increasing volume is an effective predictor of LGG diagnosis in incidental MRI findings, as all patients who subsequently underwent surgery had confirmed histopathological diagnosis of diffuse glioma. Approximately 18.8% of incidental findings were stable over time. Insular topography, adjacent sulcal effacement, and volume greater than 4.5 cm3 were predictive of further radiological progression. These significant elements will help neurosurgeons to define personalized strategies in this complex setting of incidental discovery.
Is There Additional Value to Flexion-Extension Radiographs for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis?
Authors: Kashigar Aidin , Laratta Joseph L. , Carreon Leah Y. , Bisson Erica F. , Ghogawala Zoher , Yew Andrew Y. , Mkorombindo Tino , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Glassman Steven D. 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Multicenter retrospective study.

Objective.
Flexion-extension radiographs are frequently used to assess motion in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. However, they expose patients to additional radiation and increase cost. The aim of this study is to determine if flexion-extension radiographs provide additional information not seen on upright neutral radiographs and supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that may guide surgical decision making.

Summary of Background Data.
Supine MRI and upright neutral radiographs are routinely performed in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. It is unclear whether additional flexion-extension views play a significant role in surgical planning for this patient population.

Methods.
From the Quality Outcomes Database, patients who had surgery for grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis were identified. Magnitude of slip on pre-op supine MRI, upright neutral, flexion, and extension radiographs were measured. Additional motion was defined as 3 mm or more slip difference between radiographs. For the purpose of this analysis, patients with a slip of 7 mm or more on upright neutral radiographs were assumed to require a fusion.

Results.
A total of 191 patients were identified. Mean age was 61.6 years (114 females, 60%). Only 31 patients (16%) had additional motion on flexion-extension views not seen on upright neutral x-rays versus supine MRI. Of these 31 patients, 19 had slips less than 7 mm on upright x-ray, generating equipoise for fusion.

Conclusion.
Flexion-extension radiographs may play a limited role in management of degenerative spondylolisthesis. The subset of patients for which flexion-extension views were most likely to provide value were patients with smaller slips (<7 mm) with no evidence of motion on standing radiographs versus MRI. In 90% of spondylolisthesis cases, information used for surgical planning may be ascertained by comparing motion between supine MRI and upright lateral radiographs.

Level of Evidence: 3
Metabolic Response by 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Malignant Struma Ovarii Treated With Targeted Therapies
Authors: Seban Romain-David , Bozec Laurence , Nascimento-Leite Camila , Champion Laurence 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) is a rare malignant ovarian tumor, histologically identical to differentiated thyroid cancers. Given the rarity of this disease, there are no treatment guidelines, and the place of imaging for response assessment remains controversial. We report a metabolic response assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a 71-year-old woman with radioiodine-refractory metastatic MSO treated by targeted therapies (first line with lenvatinib and second line with pazopanib). This case of exceptional response also highlights the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for therapeutic assessment of targeted drugs in such a rare clinical entity of malignant MSO.
Paradigm Shift in Airway Management for Pierre Robin Sequence: Tongue Base Suspension
Authors: Safri Shabbir , Wickemeyer Johanna L. , Valika Taher S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Surgical management of the airway in children with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) includes tongue lip adhesion and mandibular distraction. Herein, the authors report the first case of an alternative surgical approach, the tongue base suspension (TBS).
A full-term 5-week-old male with PRS with difficulty managing his airway through noninvasive mechanisms. A polysomnogram revealed severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) despite support. Parents desired the least invasive surgical approach, and therefore TBS was offered. Child underwent TBS without complications and weaned from 15L high flow to room air over 48 hours. Post-procedure polysomnogram revealed complete resolution of OSA. The child was discharged home without any supplemental support.
The standard of surgical care for children with PRS has been either tongue lip adhesion or mandibular distraction. While their success is well-established, no alternatives have been considered. The authors demonstrate TBS can provide a less invasive, equally viable, and improved alternative in children with PRS.
Anxiety and depression among people living in quarantine centers during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method study from western Nepal
Authors: Udaya Bahadur BC , Pokharel Sunil , Munikar Sabika , Wagle Chetan Nidhi , Adhikary Pratik , Shahi Brish Bahadur , Thapa Chandra , Bhandari Ram Prasad , Adhikari Bipin , Thapa Kanchan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, incoming travelers were quarantined at specific centers in Nepal and major checkpoints in Nepal-India border. Nepal adopted a generic public health approaches to control and quarantine returnee migrants, with little attention towards the quality of quarantine facilities and its aftermath, such as the poor mental health of the returnee migrants. The main objective of this study was to explore the status of anxiety and depression, and factors affecting them among returnee migrants living in institutional quarantine centers of western Nepal.MethodsA mixed method approach was used which included a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Survey questionnaire utilized Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tools, which were administered among 441 quarantined returnee migrants and IDIs were conducted among 12 participants which included a mix of quarantined migrants and healthcare workers from the quarantine centres. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted on quantitative data; and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data.ResultsMild depression (9.1%; 40/441) and anxiety (16.1%, 71/441) was common among respondents followed by moderate depression and anxiety {depression (3.4%; 15/441), anxiety (4.1%, 18/441)} and severe depression and anxiety {depression (1.1%; 5/441), anxiety (0.7%, 3/441)}. Anxiety and depression were independent of their socio-demographic characteristics. Perceived fear of contracting COVID-19, severity and death were prominent among the respondents.Respondents experienced stigma and discrimination in addition to being at the risk of disease and possible loss of employment and financial responsibilities. In addition, poor (quality and access to) health services, and poor living condition at the quarantine centres adversely affected respondents’ mental health.ConclusionDepression and anxiety among quarantined population warrants more research. Institutional quarantine centers of Karnali province of Nepal were in poor conditions which adversely impacted mental health of the respondents. Poor resources allocation for health, hygiene and living conditions can be counterproductive to the population quarantined.