bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between microcatheter and nebulizer for generating Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)
Authors: Toussaint Laura , Sautkin Yaroslav , Illing Barbara , Weinreich Frank-Jürgen , Nadiradze Giorgi , Königsrainer Alfred , Wichmann Dörte 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
This study compares an endoscopic microcatheter and a nebulizer for delivering Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC).

Methods
This is an in vitro and ex vivo study in an established model (inverted bovine urinary bladder). Four parameters were compared to determine the performance of a micro-perforated endoscopic spray catheter vs. state-of-the art, nozzle technology: (1) surface coverage and pattern with methylene blue on blotting paper at three different distances; (2) median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of aerosol droplets with three different solutions (H2O, Glc 5% and silicon oil); (3) depth of tissue penetration of doxorubicin (DOX) and (4) tissue concentration of cisplatin (CIS) and DOX using standard clinical solutions.

Results
The spray area covered by the microcatheter was larger (p < 0.001) but its pattern was inhomogenous than with the nozzle technology. We found that aerosol droplets were larger in the test group than in the control group for all three solutions tested. Median tissue penetration of DOX was lower (980 µm) with the microcatheter than with the nebulizer (1235 µm) and distribution was more heterogeneous ( = 0.003) with the microcatheter. The median tissue concentration of DOX and CIS was lower and concentration of DOX was more heterogeneous with the microcatheter (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
This investigation has revealed that microcatheter technology generates larger aerosol droplet size, less drug tissue penetration and lower drug tissue concentration than the current nozzle technology. In the absence of clinical studies, use of microcatheters for delivering PIPAC can not be recommended at this stage.
Hankel-norm approximation of large-scale descriptor systems
Authors: Benner Peter , Werner Steffen W. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHankel-norm approximation is a model reduction method for linear time-invariant systems, which provides the best approximation in the Hankel semi-norm. In this paper, the computation of the optimal Hankel-norm approximation is generalized to the case of linear time-invariant continuous-time descriptor systems. A new algebraic characterization of all-pass descriptor systems is developed and used to construct an efficient algorithm by refining the generalized balanced truncation square root method. For a wide practical usage, adaptations of the introduced algorithm towards stable computations and sparse systems are suggested, as well as an approach for a projection-free algorithm. To show the approximation behavior of the introduced method, numerical examples are presented.
Reliability of non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography-derived aortic diameters in Marfan patients: comparison of inner vs. outer vessel wall measurements
Authors: Weinrich Julius Matthias , Avanesov Maxim , Lenz Alexander , Tahir Enver , Henes Frank-Oliver , Schoennagel Bjoern Philip , Rybczinsky Meike , Adam Gerhard , von Kodolitsch Yskert , Bannas Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAortic diameter measurements play a crucial role for the indication of aortic root surgery in Marfan patients. However, for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)-derived measurements, there is no consensus on whether the aortic wall should be included or excluded in the aortic diameter. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the reliability of non-contrast bright blood MRA aortic inner-to-inner and outer-to-outer edge measurements in patients with Marfan syndrome. Forty Marfan patients underwent ECG-gated balanced steady-state free-precession MRA of the aorta at 1.5 T. Two readers independently performed inner and outer measurements at different aortic levels. They rated the image quality of the delineation of both inner and outer vessel wall edges on a four-point scale. MRA-derived diameters of the sinuses of Valsalva were compared with echocardiography-derived diameters. Aortic vessel wall delineation score was rated higher at all levels for inner than for outer vessel walls (p < 0.001). Inter- and intraobserver variances of aortic measurements were smaller for inner-to-inner measurements at the sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction and ascending aorta (p < 0.03). There was a difference of 1.1 ± 2.3 mm for inner MRA measurements (p = 0.014) and 6.9 ± 3.1 mm for outer MRA measurements (p < 0.001) when compared to echocardiographic leading-edge measurements. Inner-to-inner vessel wall diameter measurements in non-contrast bright blood MRA provide more reliable diameters when compared to outer-to-outer vessel wall measurements of the aortic root. Therefore, we propose to rely on inner rather than outer aortic wall measurements in non-contrast-MRA when monitoring aortic diameters in patients with Marfan syndrome.
Influence of thermodisinfection on microstructure of human femoral heads: duration of heat exposition and compressive strength
Authors: Fölsch Christian , Dharma Julian , Fonseca Ulloa Carlos Alfonso , Lips Katrin Susanne , Rickert Markus , Pruss Axel , Jahnke Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAllogeneic bone derived from living donors being necessary to match demand for bone transplantation and thermodisinfection of femoral heads is an established sterilization method. During the thermodisinfection the peripheral bone is exposed to maximum 86 °C for 94 min providing 82.5 °C within the center of the femoral head for at least 15 min. This study examined the compression force of the central and representative peripheral regions of native and thermodisinfected human femoral heads to observe wether different duration and intensity of heat exposure might alter mechanic behaviour. Slices from the equatorial region of human femoral heads were taken from each 14 native and thermodisinfected human femoral heads. The central area revealed a significantly higher compression force for native (p ≤ 0.001) and for thermodisinfected bone (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005) compared with peripheral regions since no relevant differences were found between the peripheral and intermediate areas themselves. A small reduction of compression force for thermodisinfected bone was shown since this did not appear significant due to the small number of specimens. The heat exposure did not alter the pre-existing anatomical changes of the microarchitecture of the native femoral heads from the center towards the peripheral regions. The heterogeneity of microstructure of the femoral head might be of interest concerning clinical applications of bone grafts since the difference between native and thermodisinfected bone appears moderate as shown previously. The different quantity of heat exposure did not reveal any significant influence on compression force which might enable thermodisinfection of preformed bone pieces for surgical indications.
Ethical and deontological aspects of pediatric biobanks: the situation in Italy
Authors: Cannovo Nunzia , Guarino Rosa , Fedeli Piergiorgio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile pediatric biobanks are a precious resource for scientific research to improve our understanding of genetic pathologies, the value of these studies should be considered together with the value of the privacy rights of pediatric donors, as they are particularly vulnerable and in many cases unable to discern the meaning of the donation of biological material and the related implications of the research. Thus this work calls for reflection on the numerous ethical and legal issues involved in the development and regulation of these biobanks. In particular, it explores what form of consent best balances the intangible rights of the minor, on the one hand, and the development of technological progress and scientific research, on the other, and examines the implications of the collection of biological material of minors in biobanks. It focuses on solutions to bridge the gaps in current Italian legislation, especially in light of the current lack of attention to the interests of fragile subjects. In addition, this work presents an overview of the pediatric biobanks in Italy.
Quantifying air quality co-benefits of climate policy across sectors and regions
Authors: Vandyck Toon , Keramidas Kimon , Tchung-Ming Stéphane , Weitzel Matthias , Van Dingenen Rita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe overlap in sources of greenhouse gas and local air pollutant emissions creates scope for policy measures to limit global warming and improve air quality simultaneously. In a first step, we derive estimates for the air pollution mortality-related component of the social cost of atmospheric release for 6 pollutants and 56 regions in the world. Combining these estimates with emission inventory data highlights that sector contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution health impacts differ widely across regions. Next, simulations of future emission pathways consistent with the 2 °C and 1.5 °C targets illustrate that strengthening climate policy ambition raises the total value of air quality co-benefits despite lower marginal co-benefits per tonne of greenhouse gas emissions abated. Finally, we use results from a multi-model ensemble to quantify and compare the value of health-related ambient air quality co-benefits of climate policy across sectors and regions. On the global level, overall air quality co-benefits range from $8 to $40 per tonne of greenhouse gases abated in 2030, with median across models and scenarios of $18/tCO2e. These results mask strong differentiation across regions and sectors, with median co-benefits from mitigation in the residential and service sectors in India exceeding $500/tCO2e. By taking a sector- and region-specific perspective, the results presented here reveal promising channels to improve human health outcomes and to ratchet up greenhouse gas reduction efforts to bridge the gap between countries’ pledges and the global targets of the Paris Agreement.
Towards a He-buffered laser ablation ion source for collinear laser spectroscopy
Authors: Ratajczyk Tim , Bollinger Philipp , Lellinger Tim , Varentsov Victor , Nörtershäuser Wilfried 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLaser ablation opens a material-independent method to produce ions from transition metals for laser spectroscopy. To overcome some drawbacks of this process, an ion source is under development at TU Darmstadt. A distinctive feature of this source is that ions are produced via laser ablation in presence of helium buffer gas where they stop and cool in the process of their collisions with the buffer gas atoms and are then extracted by the gas flow into low-pressure conditions through the supersonic nozzle. The compact RF-only funnel ion guide placed on the axis behind the nozzle exit allows for effective extraction of high-quality ion beams into a pressure region below 10− 4 mbar. The extraction is realized by using the gas flow trough a supersonic nozzle and an RF-only funnel ion guide, followed by a second nozzle and an RF+DC funnel representing two differential pumping stages. The technical details of this laser ablation ion source are described and the results of the first tests with the RF-only funnel are presented.
Nanocomposite coatings obtained by electrophoretic co-deposition of poly(etheretherketone)/graphene oxide suspensions
Authors: González-Castillo Eduin I. , Costantini Tommaso , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanocomposite coatings were successfully prepared by electrophoretic deposition of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)/graphene oxide (GO) suspensions. The GO flakes developed a large-scale co-continuous morphology with the basal plane mainly aligned with the coating surface. However, the PEEK particles were also found to be wrapped by GO nanosheets when deposited on the stainless steel substrate. Both phenomena, the co-continuous morphology and the wrapping effect, were dependent on the initial GO content in the suspension and influenced the final morphological characteristics of the thermally treated coatings. The PEEK matrix developed a dendritic morphology during its cooling from the molten state because of transcrystallinity that was induced by the incorporation of GO. The preparation of suspensions involved tip ultrasonication (TS) to deagglomerate, disperse, and mill the PEEK particles. A detailed study of the microstructure revealed that TS tended not only to reduce PEEK particle size, but also to promote an elongated shape, favourable for the nanocomposite coatings.
The Measurement of Eye Contact in Human Interactions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jongerius Chiara , Hessels Roy S. , Romijn Johannes A. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Hillen Marij A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEye contact is a fundamental aspect of nonverbal communication and therefore important for understanding human interaction. Eye contact has been the subject of research in many disciplines, including communication sciences, social psychology, and psychiatry, and a variety of techniques have been used to measure it. The choice of measurement method has consequences for research outcomes and their interpretation. To ensure that research findings align with study aims and populations, it is essential that methodological choices are well substantiated. Therefore, to enhance the effective examination of eye contact, we performed a literature review of the methods used to study eye contact. We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science for empirical peer-reviewed articles published in English that described quantitative studies on human eye contact and included a methodological description. The identified studies (N = 109) used two approaches to assess eye contact: direct, i.e., assessing eye contact while it is occurring, and indirect, i.e., assessing eye contact retrospectively (e.g., from video recordings). Within these categories, eight specific techniques were distinguished. Variation was found regarding the reciprocity of eye contact between two individuals, the involvement of an assessor and the behavior of participants while being studied. Measures not involving the interactors in assessment of eye contact and have a higher spatial and temporal resolution, such as eye tracking, have gained popularity. Our results show wide methodological diversity regarding the measurement of eye contact. Although studies often define eye contact as gaze towards an exact location, this may not do justice to the subjective character of eye contact. The various methodologies have hardly ever been compared, limiting the ability to compare findings between studies. Future studies should take notice of the controversy surrounding eye contact measures.
The erosion of relational values resulting from landscape simplification
Authors: Riechers Maraja , Balázsi Ágnes , Betz Lydia , Jiren Tolera S. , Fischer Joern 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Context
The global trend of landscape simplification for industrial agriculture is known to cause losses in biodiversity and ecosystem service diversity. Despite these problems being widely known, status quo trajectories driven by global economic growth and changing diets continue to lead to further landscape simplification.

Objectives
In this perspective article, we argue that landscape simplification has negative consequences for a range of relational values, affecting the social-ecological relationships between people and nature, as well as the social relationships among people. A focus on relational values has been proposed to overcome the divide between intrinsic and instrumental values that people gain from nature.

Results
We use a landscape sustainability science framing to examine the interconnections between ecological and social changes taking place in rural landscapes. We propose that increasingly rapid and extreme landscape simplification erodes human-nature connectedness, social relations, and the sense of agency of inhabitants—potentially to the point of severe erosion of relational values in extreme cases. We illustrate these hypothesized changes through four case studies from across the globe. Leaving the links between ecological, social-ecological and social dimensions of landscape change unattended could exacerbate disconnection from nature.

Conclusion
A relational values perspective can shed new light on managing and restoring landscapes. Landscape sustainability science is ideally placed as an integrative space that can connect relevant insights from landscape ecology and work on relational values. We see local agency as a likely key ingredient to landscape sustainability that should be actively fostered in conservation and restoration projects.
Pruning of genetic programming trees using permutation tests
Authors: Rockett Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a novel approach based on statistical permutation tests for pruning redundant subtrees from genetic programming (GP) trees that allows us to explore the extent of effective redundancy . We observe that over a range of regression problems, median tree sizes are reduced by around 20% largely independent of test function, and that while some large subtrees are removed, the median pruned subtree comprises just three nodes; most take the form of an exact algebraic simplification. Our statistically-based pruning technique has allowed us to explore the hypothesis that a given subtree can be replaced with a constant if this substitution results in no statistical change to the behavior of the parent tree—what we term approximate simplification. In the eventuality, we infer that more than 95% of the accepted pruning proposals are the result of algebraic simplifications, which provides some practical insight into the scope of removing redundancies in GP trees.
SEM-EBSD Analysis of Broad Ion Beam Polished Rock Thin Sections – The MFAL Protocol
Authors: Mamtani Manish A. , Chakraborty Ritwik , Biswas Santu , Suryawanshi Abhijeet , Goswami Shalini , Bhatt Sandeep 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A protocol is presented to perform Broad Ion Beam Polishing (BIBP) of rock thin sections to obtain a surface that can yield high quality crystallographic preferred orientation data using SEM-EBSD. The modus operandi, referred to as Mamtani’s Fabric Analysis Lab (MFAL) protocol, involves flat milling of a rotating rock thin section using a triple ion beam milling system (Leica EM TIC 3X) in which tilt angle of sample (degree) with reference to ion beam (Argon), acceleration voltage (kV) and source current (mA) can be controlled along with lateral and rotary movements. The protocol has been developed after &gt;90 hours of BIBP experiments on various rock samples under different experimental settings (tilt angle/kV/mA) followed by SEM-EBSD analysis. Each experiment was performed at medium rotation speed (7 rpm) with a lateral movement of upto ±7 mm on rectangular rock thin sections (long dimension &lt;25 mm). The best surface for SEM-EBSD analysis of rock thin sections is obtained in two steps of BIBP. In step-1, cleaning of thin section is done for 5 minutes (1.5°/4 kV/1.5 mA). In step-2, polishing is done for 30 minutes (1.5°/4 kV/3 mA). BIBP following MFAL protocol yields very good SEM-EBSD data from hard and soft mineral phases in rocks that enable (a) determination of mineral slip systems, (b) kinematics and (c) EBSD data-based mapping of grain boundaries of soft mineral phases (like hornblende) for petrofabric analysis in a polymineralic rock, which has always remained a challenge from mechanically polished samples. It is concluded that the MFAL protocol saves more than 5 hours of sample preparation time over other sample preparation methods for SEM-EBSD studies.
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction at Five: Lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Maly Elizabeth , Suppasri Anawat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) represents an inclusive approach to disaster risk reduction, linked to development and recovery. Building on previous international guidelines, the SFDRR promotes practical and measurable outcomes for reducing disaster losses, including indicators to measure progress towards seven specific global targets. Evaluated in the context of the priorities and global targets of the SFDRR, the article considers the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 to illustrate advances and limitations in pre-disaster tsunami hazard engineering and post-disaster recovery. With respect to the targets set out in the Sendai Framework related to risk reduction and tsunami engineering, especially Priority 1, understanding disaster risk, there have been significant advances in hazard assessment and systems for tsunami detection and warning. Although the SFDRR emphasizes actions in the recovery phase through Priority 4, enhancing disaster preparedness with an emphasis on the concept of build back better, on its own this does not function as a clear directive for guiding recovery. However, the overall people-centered and inclusive approach of the SFDRR, as well as the global targets and several sub-priorities, can be a useful way to shape good practices in recovery and evaluate recovery progress.
Fertility intention and related factors in China: findings from the 2017 National Fertility Survey
Authors: Zhuang Yaer , Jiang Yu , Li Bohua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the fertility intension of women based on data from the national fertility survey in 2017 in China (CFS 2017), after implementation of the universal two-child policy, and analyses major related factors. The reported ideal number of children is 1.96 in average, and the intended number of children is 1.76, with obvious differences among different regions. The ideal number of children is highly correlated with the intended number of children, and intended number of children is related to number of children women already have. Women who have had one child intend to have fewer children than women who have not yet had a child. Women who have not yet had any child intend to have 1.60 children in average. The preference of boy varies by intended number of children.
Students Are Stakeholders in On-Campus Archaeology
Authors: Kroot Matthew V. , Panich Lee M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTA consistent challenge in community and collaborative archaeologies has been the appropriate identification and understanding of project constituencies. A key step in stakeholder analysis is understanding and harmonizing the goals of archaeological work to the social role of the institutions for which we work. To illustrate the value of such a stance, we examine on-campus archaeology programs at colleges and universities, arguing that treating students as vital stakeholders is an important ethical obligation for both researchers and administrators. Including students as stakeholders in campus archaeology provides pedagogical benefits and a meaningful way to instill an appreciation of archaeology in an important constituency of potential voters and future decision-makers. We present a case study from Santa Clara University (SCU), reporting results of an online survey of undergraduates that was intended to gauge community interests in campus archaeology and heritage. We also detail activities undertaken by SCU's Community Heritage Lab in response to survey findings in order to raise the profile of the archaeological and other heritage resources on our campus.