bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal changes in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and its Response to Climate Change in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu XiaoKang , Liu Xu , Li Yongfeng , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vegetation largely reflects climatic changes. Monitoring of the dynamic changes of vegetation and its response to climate change plays an important role in our understanding of ecological changes in Shaanxi Province. Based on the GIMMS NDVI and air temperature and precipitation data of Shaanxi Province from 1982 to 2015, changes in the NDVI were. The NDVI in Shaanxi Province showed a significant linear increase from 1982 to 2015. Affected by a warming climate, increased precipitation, and the implementation of the “Grain for Green” project, the NDVI in northern Shaanxi showed a significant increase, while affected by climate warming and drying as well as human activities in central Shaanxi, it significantly decreased. This study provides a scientific basis for the adjustment of environmental protection policies in Shaanxi Province.
Research on Smart Learning Ecosystem Structure Based on Ubiquitous Internet of Things
Authors: Ni Hui-Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper studies a kind of smart learning ecosystem based on the analysis of the germination, connotation, information model and seamless integration of the digital learning ecosystem. The survey from state owned energy enterprise shows that smart environment and atmosphere can significantly affect the effectiveness of smart ecosystem intelligence. The result can be served as a helpful guideline for smart learning ecosystem based on cyber-physical-system design and application.
Analysis on Seal Test for Polymer Injectors with Shuttle-shaped String
Authors: Wang Huansheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
String seal integrity for layered well is the key factor to a successful development of polymer injector. Existing seal test method for water injectors has poor performance in the situation of shuttle-shaped string and encounters a low success of isolation jobs. Therefore, by analyzing the factors contributing to the seal integrity of shuttle-shaped string, gradually increasing testing time, changing seal test method and other test methods, to determine time taken for seal test in polymer injectors, and then work on the standardization of this practice can be continued to ensure performance of polymer injecting development.
The effect of additives on NO reduction using sewage sludge as a denitration agent for cement kiln flue gas
Authors: Ye Ping , Xiao Xiang , Xu Zhenghui , Wu Haiwen , Huang Jianhang , Fang Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Experimental study on the effects of additives on the NO reduction efficiency by sludge combustion was carried out on a simulated cement precalciner, and the feasibility of sludge as a denitration agent for cement kiln flue gas was evaluated. The NO reduction efficiency by sludge combustion with and without cement raw meal are 53.75% and 59.03%, respectively. It indicates that cement raw meal(CRM) inhibit the NO reduction by sludge combustion, while its inhibitory effect is not obvious. Besides, the inhibitory effect of CRM on NO reduction can be further reduced by controlling the addition amount of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in CRM. Meanwhile, when urea is added to the sludge, the NO reduction efficiency can reach 74.21% by sludge combustion, indicating that urea significantly promotes the NO reduction, which is attributed to the decomposition of urea to form NH3. Therefore, it is feasible to add sludge as a denitration agent in the cement precalciner to reduce NO in cement kiln flue gas.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Pearl River: Is There A Potential Hazard to Local Human Health?
Authors: Yan Yibo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) serve as agents that could damage the endocrine systems in human bodies. The EDCs can be introduced into an aquatic system via physicochemical reactions by nature and anthropogenic activities mainly including pharmaceuticals and industrial discharges. Generally, concentrations of EDCs in the Pearl River fall in higher ranges than those in other lakes and rivers in China and around the world. The potential hazards of the EDCs in the Pearl River have been thoroughly assessed in the last two decades but not comprehensively compared. This review aimed to discuss the detected concentration levels of EDCs in the surface water and sediment of the Pearl River respectively and conducted the risk assessment for residents along the Pearl River. Among EDCs, six important groups of chemicals (estrone, 17β-estradiol, nonylphenol, octylphenol, bisphenol A, and triclosan) were selected for analysis in this review due to their environmental ubiquity and toxicity in the Pearl River. The risk assessment indicated there was no potential negative impact of target EDCs on human health via water ingestion.
Study on Noise Reduction of Fans with Uneven Blade Spacing
Authors: Zhai Shufeng , Huxiao Wanyue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The CFD simulation model of unequal and equidistant blades is established, and the aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise of the model are analyzed. The noise spectrums of the unequally and equally spaced fan are compared and studied. The conclusion is as follows: the unequal distribution of blades leads the fan modulation phenomenon at the passage frequency, so the unequally spaced fan can reduce the discrete noise in the sensitivity range of human ear. By comparing the performance curves of the unequal fan and the equidistant fan, we can see that as long as the relative change value of the uneven distribution of the blades is within a certain constraint range, the unequal fan will not have a great impact on the aerodynamic performance. Even in some flow areas, the aerodynamic performance of fans has been slightly improved, and it is necessary to reasonably design the distribution of unequal blades.
Research on the Mechanical Fault Diagnosis Method for Circuit Breakers Based on KFCM
Authors: Xia Xiaofei , Lu Yufeng , Su Yi , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to the characteristics of non-stationary vibration signals of circuit breakers, a new fault diagnosis method for circuit breakers is proposed in this paper. In this method, the time domain waveform of the collected vibration signal is decomposed by CEEMDAN, and its high-frequency component is reconstructed according to the entropy weight method to obtain the denoised signal. The denoised signal is decomposed by LMD, and the multi-scale permutation entropy is calculated for the decomposed PF component as the input characteristic component of KFCM recognition algorithm. The results of KFCM identification show that this method has a high recognition rate for typical faults such as circuit breaker shaft jam, loose base and refusing action.
Finite Element Analysis on Core-Assembled Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Slab
Authors: Yang Kailin , Fang Guangxiu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the structural form of the core-assembled lightweight aggregate concrete slab has been changed, and the non-linear finite element analysis is carried out using ABAQUS software, which is compared with the experimental value. The damage model of ABAQUS found that the cracks in the simulation process are almost the same as the cracks in the test. The ABAQUS software is suitable for the flexural performance test of the core-assembled lightweight aggregate concrete slab. Finite element analysis provides a certain reference.
Visual analysis of wood defect knot research based on CiteSpace
Authors: Qu Hongyue , Lyu Jianhua , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using CiteSpace software, a comparative analysis method and a quantitative analysis method were used to visually analyze 912 articles in the field of wood defect knots in the CNKI total library from 1980 to 2019. And built a knowledge map in the field. Including research hotspots, annual publication volume, core author groups and major research institutions. Research indicates: From 1980 to 2014, the annual publication volume tended to rise, reaching the highest peak in 2014, but after 2014, the annual publication volume showed a significant downward trend. The research topics of 1980-2019 knots mainly focus on “wood defects”, “non-destructive testing”, “neural networks”, etc. Wang L H, Hao J C and Ye N, etc. are the main authors. Northeast Forestry University, Institute of Wood Industry and Chinese Academy of Forestry, etc. are the main publishing institutions. Forestry machinery and woodworking equipment and journal of Northeast Forestry University, etc. are the main journals of knots, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China is the fund project that invests the most in researching knots. Through the visual analysis of CiteSpace, we can know that in the future, we should use advanced technology to conduct in-depth research on the chemical properties of knots. Develop a variety of detection methods to organically combine to improve the non-destructive detection results of knots, enhance the cooperation of authors, institutions and funds to communicate, and build a database for this research.
Study on Compressive Strength of Concrete Mixed by Steel Slag Powder and Fly Ash
Authors: Fang Ming , Fang Guangxiu , Xia Yixuan , Wang Haoyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using steel slag powder and fly ash to replace cement can promote the secondary utilization of industrial solid waste and protect the ecological environment. Besides, fly ash can save costs, improve workability and improve the later strength of concrete. Four groups of concrete test blocks were tested by the combination of the two to replace cement, and the concrete appearance and compressive strength of the test blocks in different periods were tested. The experimental results show that: 1. Under the premise that the total amount of composite substitution is 40%, increasing the content of steel slag powder can effectively improve the compressive strength of concrete, but excessive addition and substitution will make it counterproductive. 2. Steel slag is regarded as overburned Portland cement clinker, which can be used as auxiliary cementing material to improve the activity of cement, while fly ash can improve the workability of concrete and improve the later strength of concrete. 3. The recommended optimal composite substitution ratio is cement: steel slag powder: fly ash = 12:5:3.
Performance of Chinese 701 Aluminum Alloy L-shaped Member under Axial Compression
Authors: Hu Xiaoguang , Cheng Yongfeng , Cui Zhijie , Xing Haijun , Guo Xiaonong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chinese 701 aluminum alloy is a new type of building material with excellent performance. Compared with the traditional 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, 701 aluminum alloy has higher strength, better ductility and has a broad application prospect in towers. Firstly, the test of 24 Chinese 701 aluminum alloy L-section axial compression members was finished, and the ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode of the component were obtained; then a numerical analysis model was established and verified by the experimental results. Then, a large number of numerical analyses have been completed considering the influence factors such as slenderness ratio, section size, and initial bending. Finally, the experimentally measured stability coefficients were compared with the stability coefficients calculated by the Chinese code. The comparison results show that the overall stability bearing capacity of the 701 aluminum alloy L-shaped axial compression member can be calculated using the formula in Chinese “Aluminum Structure Design Code”.
Effects of unit cement content and aggregate maximum particle size on compressive strength of cemented sand and gravel materials
Authors: Xu Tao , Jin Guangri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cement Sand and Gravel (CSG) is a new type of construction material between RCC and ordinary concrete. At present, there are few research theories on cemented sand and gravel in China. Therefore, this paper analyses the influence of unit cement content and aggregate maximum particle size on the compressive strength of cemented sand and gravel through experimental research. The test results show that the compressive strength has increased with the increase of unit cement content; the compressive strength of the material has a decreasing trend as the maximum particle size of the aggregate increases from 20mm to 80mm. The analysis of the test results shows that when the maximum particle size of the aggregate is 40mm and the unit cement content is above 80kg / m3, the compressive strength of the material can be guaranteed and the material can be used reasonably.
The association between ward staffing levels, mortality and hospital readmission in older hospitalised adults, according to presence of cognitive impairment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fogg Carole , Bridges Jackie , Meredith Paul , Spice Claire , Field Linda , Culliford David , Griffiths Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Lower nurse staffing levels are associated with increased hospital mortality. Older patients with cognitive impairments (CI) have higher mortality rates than similar patients without CI and may be additionally vulnerable to low staffing.

Objectives
To explore associations between registered nurse (RN) and nursing assistant (NA) staffing levels, mortality and readmission in older patients admitted to general medical/surgical wards.

Research design
Retrospective cohort.

Participants
All unscheduled admissions to an English hospital of people aged ≥75 with cognitive screening over 14 months.

Measures
The exposure was defined as deviation in staffing hours from the ward daily mean, averaged across the patient stay. Outcomes were mortality in hospital/within 30 days of discharge and 30-day re-admission. Analyses were stratified by CI.

Results
12,544 admissions were included. Patients with CI (33.2%) were exposed to similar levels of staffing as those without. An additional 0.5 RN hours per day was associated with 10% reduction in the odds of death overall (odds ratio 0.90 [95% CI 0.84–0.97]): 15% in patients with CI (OR 0.85 [0.74–0.98]) and 7% in patients without (OR 0.93 [0.85–1.02]). An additional 0.5 NA hours per day was associated with a 15% increase in mortality in patients with no impairment. Readmissions decreased by 6% for an additional 0.5 RN hours in patients with CI.

Conclusions
Although exposure to low staffing was similar, the impact on mortality and readmission for patients with CI was greater. Increased mortality with higher NA staffing in patients without CI needs exploration.
Cholesterol profiles and incident cognitive decline among older adults: the Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Ding Ding , Zhou Fen , Cao Yang , Liang Xiaoniu , Wu Wanqing , Xiao Zhenxu , Zhao Qianhua , Deng Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline among older adults was inconclusive.

Objective
to examine the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline in older adults with or without vascular risk factors (VRFs) in the prospective phase of the Shanghai Aging Study.

Design
a prospective community-based cohort study.

Setting
Shanghai, China.

Participants
we prospectively followed 1,556 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years with a baseline cholesterol profile for 5.2 years on average. Participants with at least one of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease were categorised to the VRFs group, and those free of any VRFs were categorised to the non-VRFs group.

Methods
total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were measured at baseline. At follow-up, consensus diagnosis of incident dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were established based on medical, neurological, and neuropsychological examinations. Cox regression was used to assess the association between cholesterol and incident dementia/AD; multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between cholesterol and an annual rate of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score decline in participants with or without VRFs.

Results
among VRFs-free participants, TC (HR 0.62, 95%CI 0.40–0.95) and LDL-C (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28–0.80) were inversely associated with incident dementia, LDL-C was inversely associated with incident AD (HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.28–0.90). A significant correlation was found between incremental TC (β = 0.08), LDL-C (β = 0.09), and a slower annual decline of MMSE score.

Conclusions
effect of cholesterol on cognitive decline may be modified by VRFs.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with orthostatic hypotension in older men: a cross-sectional analysis from the British Regional Heart Study
Authors: Gilani Artaza , Ramsay Sheena E , Welsh Paul , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy T , Whincup Peter H , Wannamethee S Goya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
orthostatic hypotension (OH) that occurs within, or at, 1 minute of standing is associated with higher risk of falls, myocardial infarction, syncope and mortality, compared to OH that occurs after 1 minute of standing. Whether vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of OH is controversial.

Methods
this was a cross-sectional analysis of 3,620 older, community-dwelling men. Multinomial, multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of OH across categories of vitamin D status (deficient [&lt;25 nmol/l], insufficient [≥25–&lt;50 nmol/l] and sufficient [≥50 nmol/l]) and parathyroid hormone quintile.

Results
men with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have OH that occurred within 1 minute of standing in univariate logistic regression (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.40–2.53) and multinomial, multiple logistic regression (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06–2.15), compared to men with sufficient levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with the risk of OH. Elevated parathyroid hormone was not associated with risk of OH.

Conclusion
the absence of an association between vitamin D insufficiency and risk of OH and the presence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of OH suggest that there may be a threshold effect; it is only below a particular level of vitamin D that risk of OH is increased. In this cohort, the threshold was &lt;25 nmol/l. Future work should investigate whether treating vitamin D deficiency can improve postural blood pressure or if preventing vitamin D deficiency reduces the incidence of OH.
Depictions of Alcohol in Australian TV ‘Bachelor In Paradise’: A Content Analysis
Authors: Purdey Annette L , Miller Caroline L , Bowden Jacqueline A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
To quantify the depictions of alcohol in the popular Australian reality TV show—Bachelor in Paradise (season 1: 2018).

Methods
All 16 episodes were coded in 1-min intervals for the presence of alcoholic beverage related content and non-alcoholic beverage content, and the categories of actual use, implied use and other references.

Results
Alcohol was highly prevalent in all episodes. Alcohol content occurred frequently, with 70.7% of intervals having any alcohol content. Actual alcohol use occurred in 31.9% of 1-min intervals, implied alcohol use occurred in 63.4% of intervals and other alcohol references occurred in 14.0% of intervals. Alcohol content was present in the first or second 1-min interval of all 16 episodes. Alcohol content was more than twice as prevalent as non-alcoholic content (34.0%).

Conclusions
The high volume of alcohol content depicted in the show is of concern, due to the important influence it may have on the audience. Vulnerable viewers, especially minors and young adults, are being exposed to ubiquitous alcohol references. This may influence their perceptions of normal alcohol use, their attitudes toward alcohol and their own consumption of alcohol. A stronger regulatory regime is required in Australia to protect young people more effectively from depictions in television programs.
Galgo: a bi-objective evolutionary meta-heuristic identifies robust transcriptomic classifiers associated with patient outcome across multiple cancer types
Authors: Guerrero-Gimenez M E , Fernandez-Muñoz J M , Lang B J , Holton K M , Ciocca D R , Catania C A , Zoppino F C M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Statistical and machine-learning analyses of tumor transcriptomic profiles offer a powerful resource to gain deeper understanding of tumor subtypes and disease prognosis. Currently, prognostic gene-expression signatures do not exist for all cancer types, and most developed to date have been optimized for individual tumor types. In Galgo, we implement a bi-objective optimization approach that prioritizes gene signature cohesiveness and patient survival in parallel, which provides greater power to identify tumor transcriptomic phenotypes strongly associated with patient survival.

Results
To compare the predictive power of the signatures obtained by Galgo with previously studied subtyping methods, we used a meta-analytic approach testing a total of 35 large population-based transcriptomic biobanks of four different cancer types. Galgo-generated colorectal and lung adenocarcinoma signatures were stronger predictors of patient survival compared to published molecular classification schemes. One Galgo-generated breast cancer signature outperformed PAM50, AIMS, SCMGENE and IntClust subtyping predictors. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, Galgo signatures obtained similar predictive power to a consensus classification method. In all cases, Galgo subtypes reflected enrichment of gene sets related to the hallmarks of the disease, which highlights the biological relevance of the partitions found.

Availability and implementation
The open-source R package is available on www.github.com/harpomaxx/galgo.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Secondary Sanctions: A Weapon out of Control? The International Legality of, and European Responses to, US Secondary Sanctions
Authors: Ruys Tom , Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The US is increasingly weaponizing economic sanctions to push through its foreign policy agenda. Making use of the centrality of the US in the global economy, it has imposed ‘secondary sanctions’ on foreign firms, which are forced to choose between trading with US sanctions targets or forfeiting access to the lucrative US market. In addition, the US has penalized foreign firms for breaching US sanctions legislation. In this contribution, it is argued that the international lawfulness of at least some secondary sanctions is doubtful in light of the customary international law of jurisdiction, as well as conventional international law (eg, WTO law). The lawfulness of these sanctions could be contested before various domestic and international judicial mechanisms, although each mechanism comes with its own limitations. To counter the adverse effects of secondary sanctions, third states and the EU can also make use of, and have already made use of, various non-judicial mechanisms, such as blocking statutes, special purpose vehicles to circumvent the reach of sanctions, or even countermeasures. The effectiveness of such mechanisms is, however, uncertain.