bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic signal and climatic niche of stem photosynthesis in the mediterranean and desert regions of California and Baja California Peninsula
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Garcillán Pedro P. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEWoody plants with photosynthetic stems are common in the drylands of the world; however, we know little about the origin(s) and geographical distribution of photosynthetic stems. Therefore, we set to answer the following questions: (1) Is stem photosynthesis phylogenetically conserved? (2) Do green‐stemmed and fleshy‐stemmed species have identifiable climatic niches?METHODSWe mapped the photosynthetic stem trait onto a phylogeny of 228 mediterranean and desert species and calculated indices of phylogenetic signal and created climatic niche models of 28 species belonging to three groups: green, fleshy, and green‐and‐fleshy stemmed species.RESULTSWe found phylogenetic signal in the fleshy stem trait, but not in the green stem trait. Fleshy‐stemmed species occupy areas associated with high isothermality, high precipitation seasonality, and high mean temperature of the wettest quarter, whereas green‐stemmed species occupy areas associated with high precipitation of driest month, high precipitation of coldest quarter, high mean diurnal temperature range and high maximum temperature of the warmest month.CONCLUSIONSDespite the fact that both photosynthetic stem types help cope with water shortage, having fleshy stems allows plants to cope with greater precipitation seasonality than is possible with green stems. Green stems require a lot of water to be stored in the soil to maintain net photosynthesis during the dry season, so they inhabit areas with higher and more predictable precipitation.
Backpack health reduces data‐sharing barriers between the medical community and individuals with rare diseases
Authors: May Lauren , Towne Meghan C. , Haynes Ginger , Dalton Emily , LaDuca Holly , Masciale Eileen , Stephens Kim J. , Hogan Melissa , Shapiro‐Barr Michael , Sheedy Roughan , Smith Erin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTechnology has changed the way we approach medical care: health data is constantly being generated, medical discoveries are progressing more rapidly, and individuals are more connected across the world than ever before. Backpack Health is a global personal health record platform that harnesses the power of technology to connect users to their primary health data sources, the medical community, and researchers. By syncing with existing patient portals, health data can be stored on the Backpack Health platform and easily accessed and controlled by users in one connected interface. Individuals manage and collate their current and past conditions, genetic test results, symptoms, medications, procedures, labs, and other health data. Users are empowered to disseminate their information to clinicians, researchers, foundations, and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies they connect with through the Backpack Health application. Here, we describe how two rare disease advocacy groups, The Marfan Foundation and Project Alive, utilize Backpack Health to connect with their target populations. Through secure transfer of pseudonymized data, groups can query their members to improve understanding of clinical features and to facilitate meaningful research. Responses to the groups' surveys show strong member engagement with high completion rates and increases in new Backpack Health users when surveys are deployed. Data from these surveys have been published and used to better inform clinical outcomes for treatment trials. By connecting users directly to the foundations, clinicians, researchers, and industry partners working on their condition, Backpack Health is instrumental in fast‐tracking medical discoveries and treatment for rare diseases.
1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Bridges: A Strategy to Improve Energetics at the Molecular Level
Authors: Ma Jinchao , Chinnam Ajay Kumar , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany energetic materials synthesized to date have limited applications because of low thermal and/or mechanical stability. This limitation can be overcome by introducing structural modifications such as a bridging group. In this study, a series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐bridged furazans was prepared. Their structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, infrared, elemental, and X‐ray crystallographic analyses. The thermal stability, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure were evaluated. The hydroxylammonium salt 8 has an excellent detonation performance (D=9101 m s−1, P=37.9 GPa) and insensitive properties (IS=17.4 J, FS=330 N), which show its great potential as a high‐performance insensitive explosive. Using quantum computation and crystal structure analysis, the effect of the introduction of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety on molecular reactivity and the difference between the sensitivities and thermal stabilities of mono‐ and bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole bridges are considered. The synthetic method for introducing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and the systematic study of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐bridged compounds provide a theoretical basis for future energetics design.
A rapid, non‐destructive method for sampling castrating parasites in endangered bivalve molluscs
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Bivalves are important ecosystem engineers, and there is emerging evidence that many species are afflicted with castrating parasites. Understanding the prevalence of these largely overlooked parasites is crucial in understanding the fundamental biology of bivalves, informing conservation efforts, and providing a wider understanding of host–parasite dynamics.
Current techniques to assess the presence of parasites are destructive, making them untenable for endangered or protected populations. This article presents a non‐destructive method of sampling bivalve molluscs (Anodonta anatina) to detect castrating trematodes. Gonadal fluid is removed with a hypodermic needle from bivalves in situ and analysed in a laboratory setting without removing the mollusc from the field; this sampling mechanism has previously been shown not to harm the mollusc.
A single 50 μl sample is sufficient to detect both the presence and developmental stage of the trematode with greater than 95% reliability, with all but the lightest infections visible. We recommend that this technique should be used to enhance knowledge on host–parasite dynamics in bivalves, and inform sensible conservation for threatened species.
Advancements in molecular design and bioprocessing of recombinant adeno‐associated virus gene delivery vectors using the insect‐cell baculovirus expression platform
Authors: Joshi Pranav R.H. , Venereo‐Sanchez Alina , Chahal Parminder S. , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite rapid progress in the field, scalable high‐yield production of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) is still one of the critical bottlenecks the manufacturing sector is facing. The insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS) has emerged as a mainstream platform for the scalable production of recombinant proteins with clinically approved products for human use. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the advancements in IC‐BEVS for rAAV production. Since the first report of baculovirus‐induced production of rAAV vector in insect cells in 2002, this platform has undergone significant improvements, including enhanced stability of Bac‐vector expression and a reduced number of baculovirus‐coinfections. The latter streamlining strategy led to the eventual development of the Two‐Bac, One‐Bac, and Mono‐Bac systems. The one baculovirus system consisting of an inducible packaging insect cell line was further improved to enhance the AAV vector quality and potency. In parallel, the implementation of advanced manufacturing approaches and control of critical processing parameters have demonstrated promising results with process validation in large‐scale bioreactor runs. Moreover, optimization of the molecular design of vectors to enable higher cell‐specific yields of functional AAV particles combined with bioprocess intensification strategies may also contribute to addressing current and future manufacturing challenges.
Long‐term quality of life & functional outcomes after treatment of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Scott Susanne I. , Kathrine Ø. Madsen Anne , Rubek Niclas , Charabi Birgitte W. , Wessel Irene , Fredslund Hadjú Sara , Jensen Claus V. , Stephen Sarah , Patterson Joanne M. , Friborg Jeppe , Hutcheson Kathrine A. , Kehlet Henrik , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFunctional and QoL outcomes were compared longitudinally in a cohort of patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) or radiotherapy (RT). Forty‐four patients undergoing primary TORS (n = 31) or RT (n = 13) for any stage OPSCC were included. Only low‐stage disease was treated with TORS. Functional outcomes were: salivary flow rate, image‐based swallowing function, and a self‐reported 10‐point scale comparing current swallowing function to baseline (CvB scale). QoL was assessed with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core (EORTC QLQ‐C30), Head & Neck Module (EORTC QLQ‐HN35), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Shoulder impairment was assessed with Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). In the RT group, salivary flow rates had significantly declined at 12‐month follow‐up, with the biggest declines in QoL subscale scores recorded in the RT group for dry mouth and sticky saliva. Swallowing function on imaging studies was overall good, with no severe dysphagia within 1 year although, both treatment groups showed significant deterioration relative to baseline at the 12‐month follow‐up with increased DIGEST scores and pharyngeal retention. Shoulder impairment was rare at 1 year in both groups. A comprehensive examination of this cohort treated for OPSCC showed overall good functional and QoL outcomes 1 year after treatment. However, persistent impairment was seen in both groups with regards to swallowing function. In the TORS group, at 12‐months follow‐up, the QoL questionnaires showed worse scores in only one subscale (sticky saliva).
Return to work following laparoscopic‐assisted resection or open resection for rectal cancer: Findings from AlaCaRT—Australasian Laparoscopic Cancer of the Rectum Trial
Authors: Law Chi Kin , Brewer Kate , Brown Chris , Wilson Kate , Bailey Lisa , Hague Wendy , Simes John R. , Stevenson Andrew , Solomon Michael , Morton Rachael L. ,   the Australasian Gastro‐Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) ALaCaRT investigators
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaintaining employment for adults with cancer is important, however, little is known about the impact of surgery for rectal cancer on an individual's capacity to return to work (RTW). This study aimed to determine the impact of laparoscopic vs. open resection on RTW at 12 months.MethodsAnalyses were undertaken among participants randomized in the Australian Laparoscopic Cancer of the Rectum Trial (ALaCaRT), with work status available at baseline (presurgery), and 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics estimated the effect of surgery on RTW in any capacity, or return to preoperative work status at 12 months.ResultsAbout 228 of 449 (51%) surviving trial participants at 12 months completed work status questionnaires; mean age was 62 years, 66% males, 117 of these received laparoscopic resection (51%). Of 228, 120 were employed at baseline (90 full‐time, 30 part‐time). Overall RTW in 120 participants in paid work at baseline was 78% (84% laparoscopic, 70% open surgery). Those employed full‐time were more likely to RTW at 12 months (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.02–12.31). Those with distant metastases at baseline were less likely to RTW (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, <0.01–0.83). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with a higher rate of RTW but did not reach statistical significance (OR 2.88; 95% CI, 0.95–8.76).ConclusionsFull‐time work presurgery and the presence of metastatic disease predicts RTW status at 12 months. A laparoscopic‐assisted surgical approach to rectal cancer may facilitate more patients to RTW, however, larger sample sizes are likely needed to confirm this result.
Rapid HER2 cytologic fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast cancer using noncontact alternating current electric field mixing
Authors: Watanabe Shin‐nosuke , Imai Kazuhiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Wakamatsu Yuki , Kimura Yoshihiko , Katayose Yoshihisa , Kamata Shuichi , Terata Kaori , Takahashi Eriko , Ibonai Ayano , Yamaguchi Ayuko , Konno Hikari , Yatsuyanagi Misako , Kudo Chiaki , Takashima Shinogu , Akagami Yoichi , Nakamura Ryuta , Sato Yusuke , Motoyama Satoru , Nomura Kyoko , Minamiya Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐in situ hybridization (HER2‐ISH) is widely approved for diagnostic, prognostic biomarker testing of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks. However, cytologic ISH analysis has a potential advantage in tumor samples such as pleural effusion and ascites that are difficult to obtain the histological specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical reliability of a novel rapid cytologic HER2 fluorescence ISH protocol (rapid‐CytoFISH).Materials and MethodsUsing a new device, we applied a high‐voltage/frequency, noncontact alternating current electric field to tissue imprints and needle rinses, which mixed the probe within microdroplets as the voltage was switched on and off (AC mixing). Cytologic samples (n = 143) were collected from patients with immunohistochemically identified HER2 breast cancers. The specimens were then tested using standard dual‐color ISH using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue (FFPE‐tissue DISH) for HER2‐targeted therapies, CytoFISH, and rapid‐CytoFISH (completed within 4 h).ResultsAll 143 collected cytologic specimens (50 imprinted cytology specimens from resected tumors and 93 liquid‐based cytology specimens from needle rinses) were suitable for FISH analysis. The HER2/chromosome enumeration probe (CEP) 17 ratios did not significantly differ between FFPE‐tissue DISH and either CytoFISH protocol. Based on HER2 scoring criteria, we found 95.1% agreement between FFPE‐tissue DISH and CytoFISH (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.771 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.614–0.927).ConclusionCytoFISH could potentially serve as a clinical tool for prompt determination of HER2 status in breast cancer cytology. Rapid‐CytoFISH with AC mixing will enable cancer diagnoses and HER2 status to be determined on the same day a patient comes to a clinic or hospital.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a male of 16 years old. A case report
Authors: Waxman Daniel Salame , Chavira Adelaido López , Jiménez Martín Alberto Porras , Hernández César López , Magdaleno Jorge Alberto Romo , Montoy Julio Eduardo López 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a multisystemic approach involving diverse specialists of a rare disease. Bringing into the perspective the importance of multidisciplinary work and complete patient knowledge in order to an adequate clinical practice and patient outcome.
Ancient foe spectra: Case series of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presentations
Authors: Goravey Wael , Ali Gawahir A. , Petkar Mahir , Ammar Adham , Eldean Mouhammad Sharaf , Al Maslamani Muna A. , Abdel Hadi Hamad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtrapulmonary tuberculosis frequently eludes assessment through atypical presentations and constitute diagnostic challenges. High degree of suspicion with aids of GeneXpert MTB/RIF can clinch the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary consequences.
Peri‐implantitis management in a patient with erosive oral lichen planus. A case report
Authors: Martin‐Cabezas Rodrigo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOral lichen planus did not seem to influence the peri‐implant healing. Oral lesions with malignant potential can mimic peri‐implantitis, and a biopsy should be performed in cases of progression or nonregression of the lesion after initial treatment.
Pregabalin Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure‐Response Analyses for Focal Onset Seizures in Children (4–16 years) and Adults, to Support Dose Recommendations in Children
Authors: Chan Phylinda L. S. , Marshall Scott F. , McFadyen Lynn , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2020

Pregabalin is approved in multiple countries as adjunctive therapy for adult patients with focal onset seizures (FOS; previously termed partial onset seizures). This study used population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response (E‐R) analyses from pooled pregabalin concentration and efficacy data to compare pregabalin exposure and E‐R relationships in pediatric and adult patients with FOS, to support pediatric dosage recommendations. A one‐compartment disposition model was used, with first‐order absorption and body surface area‐normalized creatinine clearance on clearance. Individual pregabalin average steady‐state concentrations were predicted and used in an E‐R analysis of efficacy. The E‐R relationship of pregabalin was similar in pediatric (4–16 years) and adult patients with FOS after accounting for differences in baseline natural log‐transformed 28‐day seizure rate and placebo effect. Population PK simulations showed that children aged 4–16 years and weighing ≥ 30 kg required pregabalin 2.5–10 mg/kg/day to achieve similar pregabalin exposure at steady‐state to adult patients receiving the approved doses of 150–600 mg/day. For children 4–16 years weighing < 30 kg, a higher pregabalin dose of 3.5–14 mg/kg/day was required to achieve equivalent exposure at steady‐state. The results support the dosage guidance provided in the pregabalin prescribing label, whereby pediatric patients (4–16 years) weighing < 30 kg should receive a 40% higher pregabalin dose (per kg of body weight) than patients weighing ≥ 30 kg to achieve similar exposure. Our combined modeling approach may provide guidance for future extrapolation assessment from adult to pediatric patients.
Cytopathologic findings in histiocytic sarcoma of thyroid mimicking as anaplastic carcinoma: A report of a rare case with review of literature
Authors: Gupta Deepika , Gupta Aanchal , Nalwa Aasma , Yadav Taruna , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Rao Meenakshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant hematological histiocytic neoplasm which is a diagnosis of exclusion based on its morphological and predominantly immunohistochemical criteria.Case Description and DiagnosisA 63‐year female presented with complaints of a midline neck swelling along with right sided neck swelling. On fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from the thyroid lesion and the right cervical lymph node, the smears showed similar findings and a provisional morphological diagnosis of malignant spindle cell neoplasm was kept. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin, CD45, CD 68 and fascin and were immunonegative for thyroglobulin, S100, CD21, CD3, CD4 and other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical profile, a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was established.ConclusionHistiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that can be easily missed in thyroid resembling an anaplastic carcinoma.
Label‐free proteomics for discovering biomarker candidates of RAD140 administration to castrated horses
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Wong Kin‐Sing , To Ning Sum , Bond Amanda J. , Farrington Adrian F. , Prabhu Anil , Curl Peter , Wan Terence S.M. , Ho Emmie N.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelective androgen receptor (AR) modulators (SARMs) are potent anabolic agents with a high potential of misuse in horseracing and equestrian sports. In this study, we applied label‐free proteomics to discover plasma protein biomarkers in geldings (castrated horses) after administration with a popular SARM named RAD140. Tryptic peptides were prepared from plasma samples and analyzed by nano‐flow ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐UHPLC–HRMS/MS) using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) method. Orthogonal projection on latent structure‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) has led to the development of a predictive model that could discriminate RAD140‐administered samples from control samples and could also correctly classify 18 out of 19 in‐training horses as control samples. The model comprises 75 proteins with variable importance in projection (VIP) score above 1. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and literature review have identified upregulation of AR‐regulated clusterin, and proteins associated with inflammation (haptoglobin, cluster of differentiation 14 [CD14], and inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 [ITIH4]) and erythropoiesis (glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D1 [GPLD1]) after RAD140 administration. Their changes were confirmed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) experiments. Similar effects have been reported by the use of androgens and other SARMs. This is the first reported study that describes the use of a proteomic biomarker approach to detect horses that have been administered with RAD140 by applying label‐free proteomic profiling of plasma samples. These results support the concept of a biomarker‐driven approach to enhance the doping control of RAD140 and potentially other SARMs in the future.
Satellite‐based habitat monitoring reveals long‐term dynamics of deer habitat in response to forest disturbances
Authors: Oeser Julian , Heurich Marco , Senf Cornelius , Pflugmacher Dirk , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDisturbances play a key role in driving forest ecosystem dynamics, but how disturbances shape wildlife habitat across space and time often remains unclear. A major reason for this is a lack of information about changes in habitat suitability across large areas and longer time periods. Here, we use a novel approach based on Landsat satellite image time series to map seasonal habitat suitability annually from 1986 to 2017. Our approach involves characterizing forest disturbance dynamics using Landsat‐based metrics, harmonizing these metrics through a temporal segmentation algorithm, and then using them together with GPS telemetry data in habitat models. We apply this framework to assess how natural forest disturbances and post‐disturbance salvage logging affect habitat suitability for two ungulates, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), over 32 yr in a Central European forest landscape. We found that red and roe deer differed in their response to forest disturbances. Habitat suitability for red deer consistently improved after disturbances, whereas the suitability of disturbed sites was more variable for roe deer depending on season (lower during winter than summer) and disturbance agent (lower in windthrow vs. bark‐beetle‐affected stands). Salvage logging altered the suitability of bark beetle‐affected stands for deer, having negative effects on red deer and mixed effects on roe deer, but generally did not have clear effects on habitat suitability in windthrows. Our results highlight long‐lasting legacy effects of forest disturbances on deer habitat. For example, bark beetle disturbances improved red deer habitat suitability for at least 25 yr. The duration of disturbance impacts generally increased with elevation. Methodologically, our approach proved effective for improving the robustness of habitat reconstructions from Landsat time series: integrating multiyear telemetry data into single, multi‐temporal habitat models improved model transferability in time. Likewise, temporally segmenting the Landsat‐based metrics increased the temporal consistency of our habitat suitability maps. As the frequency of natural forest disturbances is increasing across the globe, their impacts on wildlife habitat should be considered in wildlife and forest management. Our approach offers a widely applicable method for monitoring habitat suitability changes caused by landscape dynamics such as forest disturbance.