bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter: are sorafenib‐related adverse events associated with prolonged survival? Authors' reply
Authors: Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , Sapena Víctor , Bruix Jordi , Reig María 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Díaz‐González et al and Li et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15567.
Letter: histology is relevant for risk stratification in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Carbone Marco , D’Amato Daphne , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Jones David E. J. , Mells George F. 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Murillo Perez et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15533.
Cumulative risk, the cognitive home environment and vocabulary in early childhood
Authors: Shriver Amy E. , Bonnell Levi N. , Berman Stephen , Camp Bonnie W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionEarly home support for language development is critical for later developmental progress. Paediatricians have the opportunity to identify families at risk of failing to provide this support in infancy but often lack simple tools to do so. This study explores the potential of a simple count of sociodemographic risk factors, a cumulative risk (CR) index, to identify families likely to need help in providing literacy support from an early age.MethodsCR scores were calculated for 308 families who completed the STIMQ and MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) at 11–15 months) and 197 (64%) again at 23–37 months. Analysis of variance with linear contrasts examined the effect of CR on the STIMQ and the MCDI at baseline and follow‐up. Correlation analysis explored the relationship between STIMQ and MCDI.ResultsAt both baseline and follow‐up, CR index showed a significant effect (p<0.006) on the STIMQ along with a significant linear trend for STIMQ scores to decrease as CR increased (p<0.05–0.005). No significant effects of CR effects on MCDI were observed at baseline or follow‐up, whereas MCDI percentiles correlated significantly (p<0.03–0.001) with STIMQ scores (r=0.18–0.26.) at both times.ConclusionsThe CR index is a simple tool that can help identify families needing support for providing a language stimulating home environment in the first 2 years before long‐term ill effects of sociodemographic barriers are established.
Prognostic values of preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐related indices in advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lau Hui‐Ching , Hsueh Chi‐Yao , Chen Qi , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang , Deng Weiye , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prognostic values of preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet‐related indices in advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).MethodsThe data of 247 eligible advanced HPSCC patients were reviewed retrospectively. Pretreatment haematological parameters were categorised into two groups based on the result of X‐tile, and several variates were assessed using chi‐square test, Kaplan‐Meier method, Cox univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off points of 171.4 for PLR, 260 × 109/L for platelet, 10.4 fL for mean platelet volume (MPV) and 16.5% for platelet distribution width were defined. The haematological parameters PLR and MPV, postoperative metastasis and internal jugular vein invasion were statistically significant in OS and DFS analyses (P < .05). The high PLR (>171.4) or high MPV (>10.4 fL) was significantly associated with worse OS and DFS (P < .05).ConclusionsThe preoperative levels of PLR and MPV could be considered as independent prognostic predictors in patients with advanced HPSCC.
The cognitive and psychological effects of living with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: van Duinkerken E. , Snoek F. J. , de Wit M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcross the lifespan, type 1 diabetes mellitus has a profound (neuro)psychological impact. In young people, type 1 diabetes can interfere with psychosocial development and hamper school performance. In adulthood, it can interfere with work life, relationships and parenting. A substantial minority of adults with type 1 diabetes experience coping difficulties and high diabetes‐related distress. In youth and adulthood, type 1 diabetes is related to mild cognitive decrements as well as affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety. There is limited literature available that explores the interaction between cognitive and psychological comorbidity and underlying mechanisms. The aims of the present narrative review were to summarize the current state of the literature regarding both cognitive and psychological comorbidities in type 1 diabetes across the lifespan, and to explore potential links between the two domains of interest to make suggestions for future research and clinical practice.
James Lind Alliance research priorities: should diet and exercise be used as an alternative to drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes or alongside them?
Authors: England C. Y. , Andrews R. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo review evidence on whether diet and exercise should be used as an alternative to drug therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes or alongside.MethodWe present a narrative review that draws on evidence from other systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, narrative reviews, trials and cohort studies. We focused mainly on glycaemic control rather than control of blood pressure or cholesterol.ResultsGood‐quality dietary advice that results in weight loss of >5% and physical activity interventions of >150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, combined with resistance exercise, can produce improvements in HbA1c similar to those produced by the addition of glucose‐lowering drugs. These improvements can be seen at all stages of the disease. There are recognized interactions between glucose‐lowering drugs and physical activity which may not be synergistic, but these are not well understood, and it is not clear if they are considered in clinical practice. Studies that explicitly compare drugs with diet or physical activity or control for drug use found that lifestyle could delay or reduce medication use, but most people eventually needed to progress to drug treatment. There are few studies, however, that provide strategies for the long‐term maintenance of weight loss or physical activity.ConclusionDiet and physical activity are of key importance in type 2 diabetes management, and attention to them improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease risk, but it is not yet known whether maintained lifestyle changes provide an alternative to drug therapy in the long term.
Identifying Fraxinus excelsior tolerant to ash dieback: Visual field monitoring versus a molecular marker
Authors: Menkis Audrius , Bakys Remigijus , Stein Åslund Matilda , Davydenko Kateryna , Elfstrand Malin , Stenlid Jan , Vasaitis Rimvydas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsh dieback (ADB) caused by the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is the cause of massive mortality of Fraxinus spp. in Europe. The aim of this work was to check for the presence of the molecular marker for ADB tolerance in mapped healthy‐looking F. excelsior trees, and to compare its occurrence in trees exhibiting severe ADB symptoms. Monitoring of 135 healthy‐looking F. excelsior on the island of Gotland, Sweden, showed that after 3–4 years 99.3% of these trees had 0%–10% crown damage, thus remaining in a similar health condition as when first mapped. After 5–6 years, 94.7% of these trees had 0%–10% crown damage. Molecular analysis of leaf tissues from 40 of those showed the presence of the molecular marker in 34 (85.0%) trees, while it was absent in 6 (15.0%) trees. Analysis of leaf tissues from 40 severely ADB‐diseased trees showed the presence of the molecular marker in 17 (42.5%) trees, but its absence in 23 (57.5%) trees (p < .0001). The results demonstrated that monitoring of healthy‐looking F. excelsior is a simple and straightforward approach for the selection of presumably ADB‐tolerant ash for future breeding. The cDNA‐based molecular marker revealed moderate capacity on its own to discriminate between presumably ADB‐tolerant and susceptible F. excelsior genotypes.
Towards a common standard of protection of the right to housing in Europe through the charter of fundamental rights
Authors: Kenna Padraic , Simón‐Moreno Héctor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe trend towards the financialisation of housing since the 1980s and the global financial crisis exposed a dramatic lacuna in the legal protection of the right to housing. Yet, the right to housing features not only in national and international human rights instruments, but also in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Charter rights are increasingly finding expression in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In particular, drawing on the Charter, the CJEU's interpretation of EU consumer law is moving towards a recognition of housing rights as inherent components of consumer protection. On the basis of such developments, this article examines whether there is scope to extend this human rights approach to new areas – namely, to the Mortgage Credit Directive (2014) – a major EU harmonising measure – and to the work of EU institutions now responsible for banking supervision. The article concludes that, if guided by the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the case law of the CJEU and the practice of supranational banking supervision could significantly enhance the protection of the right to housing, both at EU and Member State level.
EBNO: Evolution of cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks
Authors: Nashnush Eman , Vadera Sunil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe last decade has seen an increase in the attention paid to the development of cost‐sensitive learning algorithms that aim to minimize misclassification costs while still maintaining accuracy. Most of this attention has been on cost‐sensitive decision tree learning, whereas relatively little attention has been paid to assess if it is possible to develop better cost‐sensitive classifiers based on Bayesian networks. Hence, this paper presents EBNO, an algorithm that utilizes Genetic algorithms to learn cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, where genes are utilized to represent the links between the nodes in Bayesian networks and the expected cost is used as a fitness function. An empirical comparison of the new algorithm has been carried out with respect to (a) an algorithm that induces cost‐insensitive Bayesian networks to provide a base line, (b) ICET, a well‐known algorithm that uses Genetic algorithms to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees, (c) use of MetaCost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks via bagging (d) use of AdaBoost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, and (e) use of XGBoost, a gradient boosting algorithm, to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees. An empirical evaluation on 28 data sets reveals that EBNO performs well in comparison with the algorithms that produce single interpretable models and performs just as well as algorithms that use bagging and boosting methods.
High‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits: stress analysis and critical distance based fatigue life estimation
Authors: Jie Z. , Susmel L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present paper deals with the problem of assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits, with this investigation being based on a large number of experimental data selected from the technical literature. To evaluate the stress concentration phenomena characterising corroded metallic wires, according to the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, pits were modelled either as semi‐ellipsoidal cavities or as hemispherical notches. The stress concentration factors, Kt, associated with these simplified pit geometries were calculated numerically by solving numerous three‐dimensional FE models. Subsequently, the Kt values being determined according to this standard numerical procedure were post‐processed systematically to derive simple analytical solutions suitable for estimating, in situations of engineering interest, the stress concentration factors associated with pitting corrosion. Finally, after making some assumptions to derive the necessary fatigue properties, the Theory of Critical Distances was used in the form of the Point Method and the Line Method to reanalyse the literature data being collected. This systematic validation exercise allowed us to prove that the Theory of Critical Distances is successful also in assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength metallic cables containing corrosion pits, with the obtained estimates falling within an error factor of 3. Therefore, as far as wires weakened by corrosion pits are concerned, it was demonstrated that the Theory of Critical Distances can be used to post‐process the local linear‐elastic stress fields when they are not only determined numerically but also estimated by using those standard analytical solutions which are strictly valid solely for conventional notches.
The effects of water pollution on the phylogenetic community structure of aquatic plants in the East Tiaoxi River, China
Authors: Toyama Hironori , Bessho Kazuhiro , Huang Liangliang , Hirota Shun K. , Kano Yuichi , Mase Keiko , Sato Tatsuro , Naiki Akiyo , Li Jianhua , Shimatani Yukihiro , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the most serious aquatic environmental problems worldwide. In China, recent agricultural and industrial development has resulted in rapid changes in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we reveal the effects of water pollution on the phylogenetic community structure of aquatic macrophytes in the Tiaoxi River, China.

We placed a rectangular plot at 47 sites within the Tiaoxi River from the mouth of the river to 88.5 km upstream, in which we recorded species abundance and measured 22 physico‐chemical variables. Bayesian phylogeny using the rbcL and matK gene sequences was employed to quantify phylogenetic α‐ and β‐diversity, and test the phylogenetic signal in four growth forms: emergent, floating‐leaved, free‐floating, and submerged.

Within communities, water contamination and phytoplankton abundance decreased species richness and phylogenetic diversity, which resulted in phylogenetic clustering; species within communities were more closely related to each other than expected. Between communities, differences in geographical distance and phytoplankton abundance resulted in phylogenetic dissimilarity among plots. Aquatic macrophytes showed phylogenetic signals in which related species responded more similarly to disturbance.

Thus, the observed patterns could be explained by environmental filtering and suggested that water pollution by human activity has added more filters to the existing environmental filters that drive the species assembly of macrophyte communities.
High within‐stream replication is needed to predict litter fluxes in wet–dry tropical streams
Authors: M. Tonin Alan , Boyero Luz , Bambi Paulino , Pearson Richard G. , Correa‐Araneda Francisco , Jr. José F. Gonçalves 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Streams draining forested landscapes are fuelled by terrestrial plant litter, which can be transported downstream or retained and broken down locally. However, fluxes of plant litter in streams can vary at multiple spatio‐temporal scales, affecting the availability of this key resource in heterotrophic stream food webs.

To explore this question we quantified several processes related to litter dynamics (i.e. litter inputs, storage, losses by transport and losses by breakdown) by sampling litter at multiple sites in three streams of the Brazilian Cerrado biome (which has a tropical wet–dry climate) for 2 years. We assessed the relative contribution of different spatial (among and within streams) and temporal scales (annual, seasonal and monthly) to total variability of these processes (hereafter fluxes).

Spatial and temporal variability of fluxes were both high, but spatial variation was 1.67‐fold greater than temporal variation (61 versus 37%, respectively), especially at the within‐stream scale (50% overall); an exception was litterfall, which varied less spatially than temporally (24 versus 76%). Temporal variation of litter storage (and hence availability to consumers) was mostly seasonal and due to differences in net transport.

Inputs and transport were higher in the wet than the dry season (wet versus dry season, 1.45 versus 0.92 and 1.43 versus 0.06 g litter m−2 day−1), while breakdown was similar between both seasons (0.88 versus 0.94 g litter m−2 day−1). Storage (i.e. accumulation) rate was positive and negative in the dry and wet season, respectively, indicating that litter was stored in the dry season and exported in the wet season. The transitional dry–wet season showed the highest inputs, breakdown and storage (3.21, 1.63 g litter m−2 day−1 and 145 g litter m−2), while the wet–dry season showed lower inputs (as in the dry season), higher transport (as in the wet season) and lower breakdown and storage than the other seasons (0.93, 0.65, 0.31 g litter m−2 day−1 and 24 g litter m−2).

Our results underscore the role of variation in biophysical drivers of litter fluxes within streams (e.g. pool–riffle configuration, substrate features, biological communities), and suggest that high within‐stream replication is necessary to study litter fluxes at larger scales and over time. The seasonal patterns suggested potential changes in litter dynamics under future climate scenarios in the tropics, including increased storage due to reduced transport in a drier climate.
Establishment and characterization of highly osteolytic luminal breast cancer cell lines by intracaudal arterial injection
Authors: Han Yuxuan , Nakayama Jun , Hayashi Yusuke , Jeong Seongmoon , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Ito Emi , Watanabe Shinya , Semba Kentaro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBone is one of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer, and bone metastasis profoundly affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Bone metastasis is commonly observed among all the subtypes of breast cancer; however, its molecular mechanism has been analyzed only in triple‐negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC). To characterize the molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis of luminal breast cancer, we established a bone‐metastatic model of the MCF7, luminal breast cancer cell line, with enhanced osteolytic activity by intracaudal arterial injection (CAI). Pathological analysis of the established cell lines revealed that they exhibited fierce osteolytic ability by promoting osteoclast differentiation and activity. The signature genes extracted from highly osteolytic MCF7 cell lines were differed from those of bone‐metastatic TNBC cell lines. Our results suggest that unique mechanisms of osteolysis in bone‐metastatic lesions of luminal breast cancer. In addition, several up‐regulated genes in MCF7‐BM (Bone Metastasis) 02 cell lines correlated with poor prognosis with luminal breast cancer patients. Our findings support further study on the bone‐metastatic mechanisms of luminal breast cancer.
Collisional bending of the western Paleo‐Kuril Arc deduced from paleomagnetic analysis and U–Pb age determination
Authors: Katagiri Takahiro , Naruse Hajime , Ishikawa Naoto , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Paleo‐Kuril Arc in the eastern Hokkaido region of Japan, the westernmost part of the Kuril Arc in the northwestern Pacific region, shows a tectonic bent structure. This has been interpreted, using paleomagnetic data, to be the result of block rotations in the Paleo‐Kuril Arc. To understand the timing and origin of this tectonic bent structure in the Paleo‐Kuril arc‐trench system, paleomagnetic surveys and U–Pb radiometric dating were conducted in the Paleogene Urahoro Group, which is distributed in the Shiranuka‐hill region, eastern Hokkaido. The U–Pb radiometric dating indicated that the Urahoro Group was deposited at approximately 39 Ma. Paleomagnetic analysis of the Urahoro Group suggested that the Shiranuka‐hill region experienced a 28° clockwise rotation with respect to East Asia. The degree of clockwise rotation implied from the Urahoro Group is smaller than that of the underlying Lower Eocene Nemuro Group (62°) but larger than that of the overlying Onbetsu Group (−9°). It is thus suggested that the Shiranuka‐hill region experienced a clockwise rotation of approximately 34° between the deposition of the Nemuro and Urahoro Groups (50–39 Ma), and a 38° clockwise rotation between the deposition of the Urahoro and Onbetsu Groups (39–34 Ma). The origin of the curved tectonic belt of the Paleo‐Kuril Arc was previously explained by the opening of the Kuril Basin after 34 Ma. The age constraint for the rotational motion of the Shiranuka‐hill region in this study contradicts this hypothesis. Consequently, it is suggested that the process of arc–arc collision induced the bent structure of the western Paleo‐Kuril Arc.
Why direct counter‐terrorism measures only may fail: An analysis of direct and preventive counter‐terrorism measures
Authors: Das Satya P. , Lahiri Sajal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a two‐agent, asymmetric‐information game model featuring a terror organization (Org) and a defending state (State). The Org chooses an aggregate terror input. The State chooses the levels of preemptive measures and redress of grievances of the Org's population, respectively as direct and preventive counter‐terrorism measures. Defining how the war on terror (WoT) may be “lost” or “won,” we prove that it is impossible to win the WoT with preemptive measures only, if the marginal cost of these measures is increasing. The optimal response of the State to an increase in terrorism is to increase preemption and grant more grievance redress.
Functional characterization of the cis‐regulatory region for the vitellogenin gene in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Asad M. , Munir F. , Xu X. , Li M. , Jiang Y. , Chu L. , Yang G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe vitellogenin gene promoter (VgP) is an essential cis‐regulatory element that plays a significant role in transcription of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene, leading to the production of yolk protein in insects, including lepidopterans. However, the function of VgP is still not clear in Plutella xylostella. Here, we cloned a 5.1 kb DNA fragment of the cis‐regulatory region adjacent to the 5′ end of the Vg gene of P. xylostella (PxVg). We identified two promoter sites in that 5′ upstream sequence of PxVg and performed in vitro analysis of two promoter sequences (PxVgP1, 4.9 kb, and PxVgP2, 2.9 kb) in the embryonic cell line of P. xylostella. PxVgP2 exhibited higher enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression, so PxVgP2 was used for in vivo analysis. Strong EGFP fluorescence was observed in adult females and the fat body of females, with low expression in embryos. Our results suggest that PxVgP is an important stage‐, tissue‐ and sex‐specific endogenous cis‐regulatory element in P. xylostella.