bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whence ‘honeste vive’?
Authors: Davies Luke J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKant's characterisation of honeste vive as an unenforceable duty of right owed to oneself poses two systematic problems: it conflicts with Kant's claims that (a) duties of right concern the external relation between distinct individuals and (b) duties of right are externally enforceable. Both of these claims speak against the possibility of a duty of right to oneself. This article addresses this interpretative problem. Regarding (a) I suggest that while honeste vive is a duty owed to oneself, the content of the duty concerns one's interaction with others. Regarding (b) I maintain that honeste vive is a general duty of right, and such duties are not externally enforceable. This view both allows for an understanding of the structure of obligation in the Doctrine of Right as a whole and forces us to reconsider two central aspects of Kant's concept of right—namely, that all rights are externally enforceable and owed to others. Not only does honeste vive belong to the Doctrine of Right but understanding the way in which it does can illuminate the significance and scope of duties belonging to Kant's political philosophy.
A systematic review and critical appraisal of metagenomic and culture studies in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Williams Samuel C. , Frew John W. , Krueger James G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with still largely unknown pathogenesis. While infectious organisms have been identified in lesions of the disease since the 1980s, questions remain over the role that bacteria and microbiome play. Recent studies using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and larger culture‐based studies have begun to paint a clearer picture of the microbial world of HS. With this systematic review, we summarize all the work that has been done to date in HS bacteriology, analyse potential pitfalls and limitations of the current studies, and address future directions of investigation. This systematic review attempted to collate and analyse all bacteriology studies done to date. This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (1670769) performed in line with the PRISMA checklist. Twenty two studies were identified comprising 862 individual HS patients for culture studies and 206 HS patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Methodology tended to be varied, with different sampling, culturing and sequencing methods as well as amount of analysis and stratification of patients. Bacteria identified as elevated in HS lesions in sequencing studies as well as grown from HS lesions in culture studies are identified and discussed. These primarily included the anerobic Gram‐negative bacilli Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Fusibacterium, the Gram‐positive bacilli Corynebacterium, and the Gram‐positive cocci Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Parvimonas. Potential interactions, as well as work in other disease models with related bacteria are also discussed. Areas of further investigation include in vitro studies of interactions between bacteria and keratinocytes, gut and oral microbiome studies and deep sequencing studies for virulence and phage factors.
Twelve weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir all‐oral regimen for patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 infection: Integrated analysis of three clinical trials
Authors: Asahina Yasuhiro , Liu Chun‐Jen , Gane Edward , Itoh Yoshito , Kawada Norifumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Youn Jin , Wang Chen‐Yu , Llewellyn Joe , Matsuda Takuma , Gaggar Anuj , Mo Hongmei , Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Crans Gerald , Chuang Wan‐Long , Chen Pei‐Jer , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2020

AimThe combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) has been approved for the treatment of various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes across many countries. This article presents an integrated analysis of three prospective phase II/III trials in the Asia‐Pacific region to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of LDV/SOF in HCV genotype 2 patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 200 patients were included in the integrated analysis. The primary end‐point was the rate of sustained virologic response for 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12), analyzed by fibrosis stage, treatment history, HCV genotype subtype, and presence of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions (RAS). Safety was evaluated by adverse events and laboratory abnormalities.ResultsTwelve weeks of treatment with LDV/SOF was associated with high SVR12 rates (overall 98%) in patients with genotype 2 HCV, irrespective of fibrosis stage, treatment history, genotype 2 subtype, and presence of baseline non‐structural protein 5A resistance‐associated substitution (NS5A RAS), and LDV/SOF was well tolerated.ConclusionsTwelve weeks of treatment with LDV/SOF provides a highly effective and safe treatment for patients with genotype 2 HCV, including those with advanced fibrosis. As a ribavirin‐free and protease inhibitor‐free regimen with minimal on‐treatment monitoring requirements, LDV/SOF can potentially play a crucial role in achieving the WHO's goal of HCV elimination.
U–Pb ages of granitoids around the Kofu basin: Implications for the Neogene geotectonic evolution of the South Fossa Magna region, central Japan
Authors: Sawaki Yusuke , Asanuma Hisashi , Abe Mariko , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Japanese archipelago underwent two arc–arc collisions during the Neogene. Southwest Honshu arc collided with the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc and the northeast Honshu arc collided with the Chishima arc. The complicated geological structure of the South Fossa Magna region has been attributed to the collision between the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc and the southwest Honshu arc. Understanding the geotectonic evolution of this tectonically active region is crucial for delineating the Neogene tectonics of the Japanese archipelago. Many intrusive granitoids occur around the Kofu basin, in the South Fossa Magna region. Although the igneous ages of these granitoids have been mainly estimated through biotite and hornblende K–Ar dating, here, we perform U–Pb dating of zircon to determine the igneous ages more precisely. In most cases, the secondary post‐magmatic overprint on the zircon U–Pb system was minor. Based on our results, we identify four groups of U–Pb ages: ca 15.5 Ma, ca 13 Ma, ca 10.5 Ma, and ca 4 Ma. The Tsuburai pluton belongs to the first group, and its age suggests that the granite formation within the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc dates back to at least 15.5 Ma. The granitoids of the second group intruded into the boundary between the Honshu arc and the ancient Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc, suggesting that the arc–arc collision started by ca 13 Ma. As in the case of the Kaikomagatake pluton, the Chino pluton likely corresponds to a granodiorite formed in a rear‐arc setting in parallel with the other granodiorites of the third group. The U–Pb age of the Kogarasu pluton, which belongs to the fourth group, is the same as those of the Tanzawa tonalitic plutons. This might support a syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in the South Fossa Magna region.
Validation of the Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument
Authors: Wembenyui Colette , Douglas Clint , Bonner Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the modified Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument in an English‐speaking population.BackgroundThere is growing evidence that self‐management behaviours can improve outcomes for people with chronic kidney disease. However, there are few suitable instruments available.DesignThe study was cross sectional, with a test–retest protocol.MethodAdults with chronic kidney disease attending a primary health care between June and December 2015 completed the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument. Construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and test–retest reliability using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation. For convergent validity, the relationships between knowledge, self‐efficacy and self‐management were investigated.ResultsThe Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument has 17 items grouped into four factors: self‐integration, seeking social support, adherence to lifestyle modification and problem solving. The instrument demonstrated good reliability. Self‐efficacy was positively correlated with self‐management scores, although there was no correlation between chronic kidney disease knowledge and self‐management.ConclusionsThe Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument was found to be a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure. It can be used in clinical practice to support self‐management, as well as future research.
Are randomized controlled trials being conducted with the right justification?
Authors: Walters Corbin , Torgerson Trevor , Fladie Ian , Clifton Angela , Meyer Chase , Vassar Matt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIt has been estimated that much of health research may be wasted, resulting in billions of dollars in wasteful research spending worldwide each year. Given the increased use of randomized trials and their influence on medicine, one method to combat research waste is to conduct randomized clinical trials (RCTs) only when a systematic review (SR) suggests more data are needed or when no previous SRs are identified. Here, we analyzed RCTs to determine whether SRs were cited as justification for conducting a trial.MethodsWe analyzed phase III RCTs published between 2016 and 2018 in New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and JAMA. We performed duplicate and independent data extraction to ensure the accuracy and validity of our data. For each trial, we extracted whether SRs were cited as justification for conducting the clinical trial.ResultsWe examined 637 RCTs that cited 728 SRs. Overall, 38.1% (243/637) of RCTs cited an SR as either verbatim (6.9%, 44/637) or inferred (31.2%, 199/637) for trial justification. The 79 remaining RCTs cited SRs in other ways. Approximately, 49.5% (315/637) of RCTs did not cite a SR.ConclusionsLess than half of the analyzed clinical trials cited a SRs as the basis for undertaking the trial. We believe trialists should be required to present relevant SRs to an ethics or peer review committee demonstrating an unmet need prior to initiating a trial. Eliminating research waste is both a scientific and ethical responsibility.
The impact of gender on the clinical presentation, management, and surgical outcomes of patients with native‐joint septic arthritis
Authors: Nissim Lior , Lieber Sarah B. , Naffaa Mohammad E. , Fowler Mary Louise , Shmerling Robert H. , Paz Ziv 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesApproximately 20 000 cases of septic arthritis (SA) occur in the U.S. yearly. We examined whether gender‐related differences exist in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with native joint septic arthritis (NJSA).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of medical files of patients aged 18 years and older admitted between 1998 and 2015 to a single tertiary care hospital and diagnosed with NJSA. All study subjects had positive synovial fluid or blood cultures and each was managed surgically. Patients’ charts were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, microbiology profiles, management, and outcomes. Cases of osteomyelitis, septic bursitis, prosthetic joint, and culture‐negative SA were excluded.ResultsOf 324 NJSA patients, those who were female (n = 130; 40.1%) were significantly older at presentation than males (mean age: 63.6 vs 58.3; P = .006). Prior joint pathology was more common amongst females, including osteoarthritis (20.8% vs 12.9%; P = .04) and rheumatoid arthritis (10% vs 3.6%; P = .03). Female patients had a higher frequency of hip involvement (17.7% vs 10.8%; P = .05). No differences were observed in clinical presentations, culture results, medical management, or outcomes between genders.ConclusionsCompared to men, women with NJSA presented at an older age and had more prior joint pathology and a higher frequency of hip involvement. These differences, however, had no significant impact on the clinical presentation, medical management, or outcomes of NJSA.
UNIVERSAL PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS AND LONG‐TERM CHILD OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Dietrichson Jens , Lykke Kristiansen Ida , Viinholt Bjørn A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat are the long‐term effects of universal preschool programs on child outcomes? We review 26 studies using natural experiments to estimate the effects of universal preschool programs for children aged 0–6 years on child outcomes measured from third grade to adulthood. Studies comparing universal preschool with a mix of parental, family, and private modes of care show mixed effects on test scores and on measures related to health, well‐being, and behavior. All estimates for outcomes related to adequate primary and secondary school progression, years of schooling, highest degree completed, employment, and earnings indicate beneficial average effects of universal preschool programs. Three of the included studies calculate benefits‐to‐costs ratios and find ratios clearly above one. Universal preschool tends to be more beneficial for children with low socioeconomic status and there are not consistently different effects for boys or girls. Only three studies compare two alternative types of universal preschool programs in terms of long‐term outcomes.
Correlates and genetics of self‐reported sleep and awake bruxism in a nationwide twin cohort
Authors: Ahlberg Jari , Piirtola Maarit , Lobbezoo Frank , Manfredini Daniele , Korhonen Tellervo , Aarab Ghizlane , Hublin Christer , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) have been considered different entities, although co‐occurrence between them has been shown. While genetic factors have a marked influence on phenotypic variance in liability to SB, this remains unclear for AB.AimTo examine the degree of co‐occurrence of SB and AB, and whether they have common correlates and also twin similarity of SB and AB bruxism traits by zygosity and sex.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to all twins born 1945‐1957 in Finland in 2012 (n = 11 766). Age and sex adjusted logistic regression models were used. Twin similarity was assessed using polychoric correlations, and crosstwin‐crosstrait correlations were computed.ResultsThe response rate was 72% (n = 8410). Any SB was reported by 14.8% and ≥ 3 nights weekly by 5.0%. Percentages for any AB were 18.4% and 6.3%, respectively. There was substantial co‐occurrence (29.5%) between SB and AB, and several shared correlates were found. For SB, the polychoric intra‐class correlation was 0.366 in monozygotic (MZ) and 0.200 in dizygotic (DZ) pairs, without gender difference. A twofold crosstwin‐crosstrait correlation was observed in MZ twins compared to DZ twins.ConclusionsThe risk factor profiles of SB and AB were largely but not entirely similar. The higher correlation in MZ than in DZ pairs suggests the influence of genetic factors on both SB and AB. The higher crosstwin‐crosstrait correlation in MZ than in DZ pairs suggests some degree of genetic influences shared by SB and AB.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenic patients in the Indian healthcare settings of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Praveena Yeddula , Sandhya Karanam Hema , Ram G Manoj , K C Bhuvan , Harinadha Baba Kudipudi , Shaik Karimulla 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of schizophrenia in Andhra Pradesh, India is 279, and the crude disability-adjusted life year is 177 per 100 thousand people. It is one of the major mental health problems of the state. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the pharmacoeconomics of schizophrenia treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of the two most commonly used drugs olanzapine and risperidone for schizophrenia.

Methods
A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital (Department of psychiatry) for a period of 1 year among 124 schizophrenia patients. The data were collected in a specially designed patient data form, and the cost and effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated. Then, the ICER for olanzapine 71 and risperidone 53 users were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was run creating a model to identify uncertainties and its effect on the results.

Key findings
The mean cost per patient for olanzapine was 89.96 USD, and risperidone was 85.56 USD for 8 weeks from the start of the treatment. The incremental effects and value of the treatment score with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for olanzapine (27.33) were greater than that of risperidone (20.38). The cost (USD) per PANSS reduction for olanzapine was 3.29 and risperidone was 4.20. The overall incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of olanzapine compared to risperidone was 0.63 USD/PANSS.

Conclusion
The results showed that olanzapine was a cost-effective drug and an alternative to risperidone in the Indian healthcare settings. With further revision and validation, the cost-effectiveness outcome of olanzapine and risperidone can be used to inform any comprehensive healthcare financing mechanism in Indian healthcare settings.
Financial Performance of Hospitals in the Appalachian Region Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing Program
Authors: Karim Saleema A. , Nevola Adrienne , Morris Michael E. , Tilford J. Mick , Chen Hsueh‐Fen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe Hospital Readmission and Reduction Program (HRRP) and Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing Program (HVBP) propose to improve quality of patient care by either rewarding or penalizing hospitals through inpatient reimbursement. This study analyzes the effect of both programs on profitability of hospitals located in the Appalachian Region (AR) compared to hospitals in Appalachian states and the rest of the United States.MethodsThis study used a retrospective research design with a longitudinal unbalanced panel dataset from 2008 to 2015. Hospitals participating in both HRRP and HVBP during this time frame were included in the study. A difference‐in‐difference model with hospital‐level fixed effects, controlling for hospital and market characteristics, was used to determine effects of both programs on profitability of hospitals serving the AR, Appalachian states, and the rest of the United States.FindingsAfter implementation of HRRP and HVBP, only hospitals located in Appalachian states experienced a significant decrease in operating margin (−1.14 percentage points). Unexpectedly, during the same time period, total margin increased significantly for hospitals located in the AR (1.05 percentage points), Appalachian states (1.71 percentage points), and the rest of the United States (2.38 percentage points).ConclusionsHRRP and HVBP financially incentivize hospitals to focus efforts on improving patient care. The programs may not have the anticipated results. Increases in total margin for all hospitals during the study period indicate access to nonpatient revenues, offsetting the financial penalties from both programs. This revenue source may undermine the program's objectives of delivering value and achieving quality outcomes.
Effect of combinations of morphine, dexmedetomidine and maropitant on the electroencephalogram in response to acute electrical stimulation in anaesthetized dogs
Authors: Karna Sandeep Raj , Chambers Paul , Johnson Craig B. , Singh Preet , Stewart Lauren A. , Lopez‐Villalobos Nicolas , Kongara Kavitha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to compare the efficacy of combinations of morphine, dexmedetomidine and maropitant in preventing the changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) indices of nociception in anaesthetized dogs subjected to a noxious electrical stimulus. In a crossover study, eight healthy adult dogs were randomly allocated to four groups: Mor: morphine 0.6 mg/kg; Dex + Mor: morphine 0.3 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg; Maro + Mor: morphine 0.3 mg/kg + maropitant 1 mg/kg; and Dex + Maro + Mor: morphine 0.2 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg + maropitant 0.7 mg/kg. Following intramuscular administration of test drugs in a minimal anaesthesia model, a supramaximal electrical stimulus (50 V at 50 Hz for 2 s) was applied and the EEG data were recorded. There were significant increases (p < .05) in the poststimulus median frequency (F50) only in groups Mor and Maro + Mor. Dex + Mor group had a significantly lower change in F50 and F95 compared to all other treatment groups. There was no correlation of the changes in EEG frequencies with blood plasma concentration of the drugs during and after noxious stimulation. Combination of dexmedetomidine and morphine was most effective in abolishing the changes in EEG indices in response to a noxious stimulus indicating a supra‐additive interaction between these two drugs.
Sufis, Yogīs, and genealogies of “Islamic yoga”: Broaching religio‐cultural encounters in premodern eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Soumen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay examines the state of recent scholarship on religio‐cultural encounters in premodern eastern India with a particular focus on the conceptual category of “Islamic yoga.” At one level, it acknowledges the importance of the discrete nature of religio‐cultural forces that constitute the cumulative achievement of meticulous scholarly engagements from the vantage points of different fields. Ironically, these complexities are frequently overlooked in the overwhelming, and ever so growing corpus of quasi‐academic and popular literature on yoga that have more successfully captured attention and imagination. Part of this is, however, traceable to Orientalist and subsequent scholarship preoccupied with the project of religious standardization. At another level, it suggests that the refreshing move away from a homogenised narrative of yoga in scholarly circles is a most welcome development not least because it brings into sharp relief the historically rooted complexities of these wider religio‐cultural encounters over the past few centuries which are at odds with the modern fad for pigeon‐holed identities. While mapping the broad contours of recent scholarship in this field, the essay draws attention especially to the yoga body as site of religio‐cultural encounters and to the issues of internal nuances and regional variations with a particular reference to eastern India. Finally, it also parenthetically refers to the salience of medieval and early modern literature, especially vernacular literature vis‐à‐vis high Sanskrit or Persian sources. In the process, the essay both identifies the key strands as well as possible new directions in scholarship in the field.