bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological characterization of dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft: Mechanisms of action and implications for wound care
Authors: Moore Marc C. , Bonvallet Paul P. , Damaraju Sita M. , Modi Heli N. , Gandhi Ankur , McFetridge Peter S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a growing clinical demand in the wound care market to treat chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers. Advanced cell and tissue‐based products (CTPs) are often used to address challenging chronic wounds where healing has stalled. These products contain active biologics such as growth factors and cytokines as well as structural components that support and stimulate cell growth and assist in tissue regeneration. This study addresses the in vitro biologic effects of a clinically available dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft (DAMA). The broad mechanism of action results from DAMA's biologic composition that leads to stimulation of cell migration cell proliferation, and reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Results show that DAMA possesses growth factors and cytokines such as EGF, FGF, PDGFs, VEGF, TGF‐β, IL‐8, and TIMPs 1 and 2. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrate that DAMA stimulates cell proliferation, cell migration, secretion of collagen type I, and the reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. This study findings are consistent with the clinical benefits previously published for DAMA and other CTPs in chronic wounds suggesting that the introduction of DAMA to non‐healing, complex wounds helps to improve the wound milieu by providing essential structural components, cytokines, and growth factors to create an appropriate environment for wound healing.
A Risk Assessment Tool for Predicting Fragility Fractures and Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Tran Thach , Bliuc Dana , Pham Hanh M , van Geel Tineke , Adachi Jonathan D , Berger Claudie , van den Bergh Joop , Eisman John A , Geusens Piet , Goltzman David , Hanley David A , Josse Robert G , Kaiser Stephanie M , Kovacs Christopher S , Langsetmo Lisa , Prior Jerilynn C , Nguyen Tuan V , Center Jacqueline R ,   for the CaMos Research Group
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Existing fracture risk assessment tools are not designed to predict fracture-associated consequences, possibly contributing to the current undermanagement of fragility fractures worldwide. We aimed to develop a risk assessment tool for predicting the conceptual risk of fragility fractures and its consequences. The study involved 8965 people aged ≥60 years from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study and the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Incident fracture was identified from X-ray reports and questionnaires, and death was ascertained though contact with a family member or obituary review. We used a multistate model to quantify the effects of the predictors on the transition risks to an initial and subsequent incident fracture and mortality, accounting for their complex interrelationships, confounding effects, and death as a competing risk. There were 2364 initial fractures, 755 subsequent fractures, and 3300 deaths during a median follow-up of 13 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7–15). The prediction model included sex, age, bone mineral density, history of falls within 12 previous months, prior fracture after the age of 50 years, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary diseases, hypertension, and cancer. The model accurately predicted fragility fractures up to 11 years of follow-up and post-fracture mortality up to 9 years, ranging from 7 years after hip fractures to 15 years after non-hip fractures. For example, a 70-year-old woman with a T-score of −1.5 and without other risk factors would have 10% chance of sustaining a fracture and an 8% risk of dying in 5 years. However, after an initial fracture, her risk of sustaining another fracture or dying doubles to 33%, ranging from 26% after a distal to 42% post hip fracture. A robust statistical technique was used to develop a prediction model for individualization of progression to fracture and its consequences, facilitating informed decision making about risk and thus treatment for individuals with different risk profiles. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MRI‐Related Heating of Implants and Devices: A Review
Authors: Winter Lukas , Seifert Frank , Zilberti Luca , Murbach Manuel , Ittermann Bernd 
Published: May 2020

During an MRI scan, the radiofrequency field from the scanner's transmit coil, but also the switched gradient fields, induce currents in any conductive object in the bore. This makes any metallic medical implant an additional risk for an MRI patient, because those currents can heat up the surrounding tissues to dangerous levels. This is one of the reasons why implants are, until today, considered a contraindication for MRI; for example, by scanner manufacturers. Due to the increasing prevalence of medical implants in our aging societies, such general exclusion is no longer acceptable. Also, it should be no longer needed, because of a much‐improved safety‐assessment methodology, in particular in the field of numerical simulations. The present article reviews existing literature on implant‐related heating effects in MRI. Concepts for risk assessment and quantification are presented and also some first attempts towards an active safety management and risk mitigation.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 5
Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as potential alternative medicine to relieve symptoms in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Ding Hong , Deng Wenjun , Ding Lingling , Ye Xiaoqun , Yin Shanye , Huang Weishan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is highly infectious, and infection by this virus results in COVID‐19, manifesting predominantly symptoms in the lower respiratory system. Detection of viral genomic materials by RT‐PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. Suspected COVID‐19 patients who had a documented history of exposure and exhibited symptoms, but did not have positive PCR test results, were generally self‐quarantined with prescriptions aiming to help attenuate their symptoms. These prescriptions are however neither specific nor highly effective for COVID‐19 treatment. Given the rapidly growing pandemic and the overwhelmed medical system, the number of self‐quarantined patients is increasing. There is an urgent need of alternative medicine to help patients relieve symptoms during self‐quarantine, and to potentially help increase their chances of survival and recovery from the infection. We report here a case of severe COVID‐19 that never had a positive PCR test result during disease progression but was confirmed with antibody test post recovery. This patient was self‐quarantined and received diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a steroid‐like molecule, in combination with vitamin C as alternative medicine. This patient went through severe COVID‐19 but eventually recovered upon the implementation of this treatment regimen, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of DG as alternative medicine to help relieve COVID‐19 symptoms.
Neonatal Refeeding Syndrome and Clinical Outcome in Extremely Low‐Birth‐Weight Babies: Secondary Cohort Analysis From the ProVIDe Trial
Authors: Cormack Barbara E. , Jiang Yannan , Harding Jane E. , Crowther Caroline A. , Bloomfield Frank H. ,   for the ProVIDe Trial Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRefeeding syndrome (RS) following preterm birth has been linked to high intravenous (IV) protein intake in the presence of low electrolyte supply. In extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW) babies, we aimed to determine the incidence of RS and associations with birth characteristics and clinical outcomes.MethodProspective cohort study of ELBW ProVIDe Trial participants in 6 New Zealand neonatal intensive care units. RS was defined as serum phosphate < 1.4 mmol.L−1 and total calcium > 2.8 mmol.L−1. Relationships between RS and other factors were explored using 2‐sample tests and logistic regression adjusted for sex, gestation, and birth‐weight z‐score.ResultsOf 338 babies (mean [SD] birth‐weight, 780 (134) g, gestational age, 25.9 [1.7] weeks), 68 (20%) had RS. Mortality was greater in babies with RS (32% vs 11%; P < .0001). More small‐ than appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age babies developed RS (22% vs 8%; P = .001). Growth from birth to 36 weeks’ corrected age was not different between babies who did and did not have RS. In logistic regression, the odds of RS decreased by 70% for each 1 mmol per kg−1.d−1 IV phosphate intake (odds ratio [OR], 0.3; CI, 0.1–0.6; P = .002) and increased by 80% for each 1 g.kg−1.d−1 IV protein intake (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.3–2.7; P = .002).ConclusionsNeonatal RS is common in this cohort of ELBW babies and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Optimizing phosphate and calcium intakes in IV nutrition solutions may reduce RS and its consequences.
Residue behavior and removal of iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoot
Authors: Bian Yanli , Wang Juan , Liu Fengmao , Mao Biming , Huang Hongwei , Xu Jingyi , Li Xiaohan , Guo Yangyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIprodione is considered to be an endocrine‐disturbing pesticide, which could harm consumers. The garlic crop has three edible parts: the garlic, the green garlic, and the garlic shoot, which correspond to different stages of its growth. In this study, iprodione residue dissipation and distribution in these three edible parts were investigated, and dietary risk was evaluated.RESULTSIprodione residues were present in these samples in the following order: green garlic > garlic shoot > > garlic. The dissipation of iprodione in green garlic was slow with a half‐life of 5.82–19.25 days. A very high RQchronic value of 207.35–407.30% suggested that the residual iprodione in green garlic had an unacceptable level of risk. Iprodione residue was significantly eliminated (59–90%) by an alkaline solution. The order for removing iprodione by soaking was the alkaline solutions (0.5% and 2% NaHCO3) > the acidic solutions (5% and 10% of vinegar) ≈ the neutral solutions (the 1% and 2% of table salt) > tap water. Processing factors (PFs) were <1, indicating that processing could decrease the iprodione residue level.CONCLUSIONThis work could contribute to establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoots, and could provide guidance on the safe and appropriate use of iprodione in the garlic crop. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Phytostimulant properties of highly stable silver nanoparticles obtained with saponin extract from Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Segura Rodrigo , Vásquez Gustavo , Colson Emmanuel , Gerbaux Pascal , Frischmon Caroline , Nesic Aleksandra , García Danni E , Cabrera‐Barjas Gustavo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an Andean original pseudocereal with high nutritional value. During quinoa processing, large amounts of saponin‐rich husks byproducts are obtained. Quinoa saponins, which are biologically active, could be used for various agriculture purposes. Silver nanoparticles have increasingly attracted attention for the management of crop diseases in agriculture. In this work, silver nanoparticles are synthesized by a sustainable and green method, using quinoa husk saponin extract (QE) to evaluate their potential for application in agriculture as biostimulants.RESULTSQuinoa extract was obtained and characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Sixteen saponin congeners were successfully identified and quantified. The QE obtained was used as a reducing agent for silver ions to synthesize silver nanoparticles (QEAgNPs) under mild conditions. The morphology, particle size, and stability of Ag nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐visible), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDS), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy measurements confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of QE, with estimated particle sizes in a range between 5 and 50 nm. According to the zeta potential values, highly stable nanoparticles were formed. The QE and QEAgNPs (200–1000 μg/mL) were also tested in radish seed bioassay to evaluate their phytotoxicity. The seed germination assays revealed that QEAgNPs possessed a phytostimulant effect on radish seeds in a dose‐dependent manner, and no phytotoxicity was observed for both QE and QEAgNPs.CONCLUSIONSilver nanoparticles obtained by a so‐called ‘green’ method could be considered as good candidates for application in the agricultural sector for seed treatment, or as foliar sprays and plant‐growth‐promoters. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Discrimination of milk species using Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis in raw and pasteurized milk
Authors: Yazgan Nazife N , Genis Huseyin E , Bulat Tugba , Topcu Ali , Durna Sahin , Yetisemiyen Atila , Boyaci Ismail H 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat treatment is the most common practice for the microbiological safety of milk; hence, determination of the heat treatment of milk is essential. Also, mislabeling or adulteration of expensive milk samples, like ewe or goat milk, with cow's milk is a growing problem in the dairy market. Thus, the determination of the authenticity of milk samples has crucial importance for both producers and consumers. The aim of this study was to discriminate milk samples using Raman spectroscopy with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), first with regard to whether the milk was heat‐treated or not, and second with regard to species (cow, goat, ewe, mixture (adulterated)) in both raw and pasteurized milk.RESULTSFirst, discrimination of milk samples as raw or pasteurized was achieved using PLS‐DA. Both in calibration and prediction models, high sensitivity and specificity values were obtained for raw and pasteurized milk samples. Second, the proposed method also discriminated milk samples according to their species (cow, goat, ewe, and mixture) for both raw and pasteurized milk. In both calibration and prediction models, the sensitivity and specificity values were above 0.857 and 0.897 respectively. Also, the accuracy values were above 0.915. The results obtained denote satisfactory accurate classification of the samples.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that Raman spectroscopy coupled with PLS‐DA can be successfully used to discriminate milk samples according to heat treatment (raw/pasteurized) and their species within 20 s per sample. It was seen that Raman spectra provide valuable information to be used especially for discrimination of milk samples according to their origin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Precipitation and Reproduction are Negatively Associated with Female Turkey Survival
Authors: Yarnall Michael J. , Litt Andrea R. , Lehman Chadwick P. , Rotella Jay J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how reproductive tradeoffs act in concert with abiotic elements to affect survival is important for effective management and conservation of wildlife populations, particularly for at‐risk or harvested species. Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are a high‐interest species for consumptive and non‐consumptive uses, and female survival is a primary factor influencing turkey population dynamics. We radio‐tracked and collected survival data on 140 female Merriam's wild turkeys (M. g. merriami) in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota, USA, 2016–2018. We developed and compared a set of candidate models to evaluate how nest incubation, brood rearing, and precipitation could be associated with female survival. Increased time spent incubating was associated with reduced female survival. Additionally, daily precipitation was associated with reduced survival of incubating females. Seasonal survival was lowest during spring and winter. A female that did not incubate a nest was predicted to have a higher rate of annual survival (0.53, 85% CI = 0.48–0.59) than a female that incubated a single nest (0.47, 85% CI = 0.42–0.53). Despite the relative proximity of population segments, we estimated that annual survival for nesting and non‐nesting females was lower in the northern Black Hills compared to annual female survival in the southern Black Hills, underscoring the need for region‐specific data when possible. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Surgical Resection is Justifiable for Oral T4b Squamous Cell Cancers With Masticator Space Invasion
Authors: Baddour H. Michael , Ochsner Matthew C. , Patel Mihir R. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Magliocca Kelly , Baugnon Kristen L. , Solares Clementino A. , Steuer Conor E. , El‐Deiry Mark W. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo examine survival endpoints in patients with tumor (T)4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with pathologically proven masticator space invasion treated with primary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy.Study DesignRetrospective review at an academic cancer center.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with T4b OCSCC with pathologic masticator space invasion were treated with primary surgery from May 2012 to December 2016. Only patients with ≥ 2 years follow‐up from date of surgery were included. Sixteen patients received adjuvant chemoradiation.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 39 months from date of surgery. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival at 24 months were 44.0%, 63.2%, and 52.6%, respectively. On univariate analyses, adjuvant chemoradiation was associated with improved OS. Advanced age and prolonged length of hospital stay was associated with worse OS.ConclusionFor pT4b OCSCCA involving the masticator space, primary surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiation demonstrates 24‐month DSS of > 50% and OS of 44%.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E466–E472, 2021
Characterizing ventilation events in an anoxic coastal basin: Observed dynamics and the role of climatic drivers
Authors: Kelly Seán , de Eyto Elvira , Dillane Mary , Poole Russell , White Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRestricted horizontal exchange and vertical stratification restrict ventilation of bottom waters in many coastal systems, leading to stagnant basin water conditions. Dense inflows from oceanic sources can lead to dramatic changes in basin‐scale properties over very short timescales. Here, we used a semi‐enclosed coastal basin with deep‐anoxia (Lough Furnace) as a test bed, in order to discern estuary‐ocean exchange dynamics that lead to irregular and ephemeral deep‐water ventilations. Measured densities and current profiler‐based estimates of volume fluxes were used to compute typical renewal times of individual water masses in the stratified inner basin. Renewal timescales were primarily determined by freshwater flux and the spring‐neap tidal cycle. The deployment period culminated with observations of a ventilation of the basin water which had been stagnant for over 2.5 yr. Entrainment of ambient resident water doubled the volume of the dense plume and diluted its oxygen content. Following ventilation, the volumetric extent of anoxia expanded by 20% within several months, owing to uplifting of old basin water and oxygen consumption in the new basin water. Founded on these observations, a predictive model was constructed relying only on freshwater, atmospheric pressure, and wind data and successfully recreated ventilation events over the past decade. Hindcasting the model back multiple decades implied contrasting periods of higher and lower frequency variability in ventilation occurrence. This model offers a diagnostic tool for assessing how climatic change may influence the oxygen climate in systems that experience contrasting regimes of suboxia and ventilation.
Daily salt intake is associated with leg edema and nocturnal urinary volume in elderly men
Authors: Yoshikawa Motokiyo , Torimoto Kazumasa , Hirayama Akihide , Kiba Keisuke , Yamamoto Yutaka , Akashi Yasunori , Shimizu Nobutaka , Tanaka Nobumichi , Uemura Hirotsugu , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThere is accumulating evidence that excessive salt intake contributes to nocturnal polyuria. We aimed to investigate the relationship between salt intake, leg edema, and nocturnal urine volume (NUV) to assess the etiology of nocturnal polyuria.MethodsA total of 56 men aged ≥60 years who were hospitalized for benign prostatic hyperplasia or with suspected prostatic cancer were enrolled. Urine frequency‐volume charts of the patients were maintained, and they underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis twice daily (at 5:00 pm and 6:00 am) and examination of blood (brain natriuretic peptide levels) and urine (sodium and creatinine levels and osmotic pressure) samples once daily (at 6:00 am). Free‐water clearance, solute clearance, and sodium clearance at night were measured, and daily salt intake was estimated.ResultsThe data of 52 patients were analyzed. Daily salt intake positively correlated with leg edema at 5:00 pm, differences in leg extracellular fluid levels between 5:00 pm and 6:00 am, and NUV, but not with diurnal urine volume. Partial correlation coefficients showed that salt intake was a factor of the correlation between NUV and change in extracellular volume in the legs between 5:00 pm and 6:00 am. A multivariate logistic model showed that sleep duration and sodium clearance were independent predictive factors for nocturnal polyuria.ConclusionsSodium intake correlates with diurnal leg edema and NUV in elderly men. These results provide evidence supporting sodium restriction as an effective treatment for nocturnal polyuria.