bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pumpless, unidirectional microphysiological system for testing metabolism‐dependent chemotherapeutic toxicity
Authors: LaValley Danielle J. , Miller Paula G. , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrug development is often hindered by the failure of preclinical models to accurately assess and predict the efficacy and safety of drug candidates. Body‐on‐a‐chip (BOC) microfluidic devices, a subset of microphysiological systems (MPS), are being created to better predict human responses to drugs. Each BOC is designed with separate organ chambers interconnected with microfluidic channels mimicking blood recirculation. Here, we describe the design of the first pumpless, unidirectional, multiorgan system and apply this design concept for testing anticancer drug treatments. HCT‐116 colon cancer spheroids, HepG2/C3A hepatocytes, and HL‐60 promyeloblasts were embedded in collagen hydrogels and cultured within compartments representing “colon tumor”, “liver,” and “bone marrow” tissue, respectively. Operating on a pumpless platform, the microfluidic channel design provides unidirectional perfusion at physiologically realistic ratios to multiple channels simultaneously. The metabolism‐dependent toxic effect of Tegafur, an oral prodrug of 5‐fluorouracil, combined with uracil was examined in each cell type. Tegafur‐uracil treatment induced substantial cell death in HCT‐116 cells and this cytotoxic response was reduced for multicellular spheroids compared to single cells, likely due to diffusion‐limited drug penetration. Additionally, off‐target toxicity was detected by HL‐60 cells, which demonstrate that such systems can provide useful information on dose‐limiting side effects. Collectively, this microscale cell culture analog is a valuable physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic drug screening platform that may be used to support cancer drug development.
Isolation and Characterisation of Two Quercetin Glucosides with Potent Anti‐Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activity and an Olean‐12‐en Triterpene Glucoside from the Fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Authors: Taiwo Bamigboye J. , Popoola Temidayo D. , van Heerden Fanie R. , Fatokun Amos A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAbelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is used in the traditional treatment of cancer, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. We, therefore, investigated its composition and potential cytotoxic or antioxidant properties that might underlie its phytotherapeutic applications. Its methanolic fruit extract yielded compounds 1, 2 and 3, identified through NMR, UV and MS analyses as olean‐12‐en‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, isoquercitrin (quercetin glucoside) and 5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐flavonol‐3‐O‐[β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (quercetin diglucoside), respectively. Following 48 h exposure, oleanene glucoside was mildly toxic to the HeLa and the MRC5‐SV2 cancer cells, isoquercitrin was not toxic except at 100 μg/ml in HeLa, and quercetin diglucoside elicited no toxicity. In a 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide increased ROS levels, an effect not affected by oleanene glucoside but protected against by isoquercitrin and quercetin diglucoside, with IC50 values, respectively, of 2.7±0.5 μg/ml and 1.9±0.2 μg/ml (3 h post‐treatment) and 2.0±0.8 μg/ml and 1.5±0.4 μg/ml (24 h post‐treatment.) This is the first report of this oleanene skeleton triterpenoid in the plant. The work provides some insight into why the plant is included in remedies for cancers, cardiovascular complications and diabetes, and reveals it as a potential source of novel therapeutics.
Targeting the Surface of the Protein 14‐3‐3 by Ultrasmall (1.5 nm) Gold Nanoparticles Carrying the Specific Peptide CRaf
Authors: Ruks Tatjana , Loza Kateryna , Heggen Marc , Ottmann Christian , Bayer Peter , Beuck Christine , Epple Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe surface of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 1.55 nm was conjugated with a 14‐3‐3 protein‐binding peptide derived from CRaf. Each particle carries 18 CRaf peptides, leading to an overall stoichiometry of Au(115)Craf(18). The binding to the protein 14‐3‐3 was probed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy (FP). The dissociation constant (KD) was measured as 5.0 μM by ITC and 0.9 μM by FP, which was close to the affinity of dissolved CRaf to 14‐3‐3σ. In contrast to dissolved CRaf, which alone did not enter HeLa cells, CRAF‐conjugated gold nanoparticles were well taken up by HeLa cells, opening the opportunity to target the protein inside a cell.
Induction of long‐term glycemic control in a type 2 diabetic patient for 11 years by intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Ou Qianying , Cen Chaoping , Fan Cunxia , Lin Lu , Wang Fei , Chen Cunren , Mo Zewei , Liu Haiwei , Fang Tuanyu , Quan Huibiao , Chen Kaining 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCan diabetes be reversed? Yes! The weight loss due to intensive lifestyle intervention leads to the recovery of islet β cell function, thus changing the natural course of type 2 diabetes.
Primary pancreatic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, activated B‐cell subtype, diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration—A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jones Heather , Qiao Jesse , Padilla Osvaldo , Orazi Attilio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough primary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare cause of pancreatic mass, this diagnosis should be considered during work‐up. Furthermore, when adequate diagnostic material is available from biopsy, complete workup of the lymphoma, including not only type but also subtype when applicable, should be performed.
Silver‐Promoted Fluorination Reactions of α‐Bromoamides
Authors: Mizuta Satoshi , Kitamura Kanami , Kitagawa Ayako , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Ishikawa Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSilver‐promoted C−F bond formation in α‐bromoamides by using AgF under mild conditions is reported. This simple method enables access to tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl fluorides involving biomolecular scaffolds. This transformation is applicable to primary and secondary amides and shows broad functional‐group tolerance. Kinetics experiments revealed that the reaction rate increased in the order of 3°>2°>1° α‐carbon atom. In addition, it was found that the acidic amide proton plays an important role in accelerating the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggested generation of an aziridinone intermediate that undergoes subsequent nucleophilic addition to form the C−F bond with stereospecificity (i.e., retention of configuration). The synthesis of sterically hindered alcohols and ethers by using AgI is also demonstrated. Examples of reactions of α‐bromoamides with O nucleophiles are presented.
Crystallographic Structure of Novel Types of AgI‐Mediated Base Pairs in Non‐canonical DNA Duplex Containing 2′‐O,4′‐C‐Methylene Bridged Nucleic Acids
Authors: Nakagawa Osamu , Aoyama Hiroshi , Fujii Akane , Kishimoto Yuki , Obika Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal‐mediated base pairs have widespread applications, such as in DNA‐metal nanodevices and sensors. Here, we focused on their sugar conformation in duplexes and observed the crystallographic structure of the non‐canonical DNA/DNA duplex containing 2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene bridged nucleic acid in the presence of AgI ions. The X‐ray crystallographic structure was successfully obtained at a resolution of 1.5 Å. A novel type of AgI‐mediated base pair between the N1 positions of anti‐conformation of adenines in the duplex was observed. In the central non‐canonical region, a hexad nucleobase structure containing AgI‐mediated base pairs between the N7 positions of guanines was formed. A highly bent non‐canonical structure was formed at the origin of AgI‐mediated base pairs in the central region. The bent duplex structure induced by the addition of AgI ions might become a powerful tool for dynamic structural changes in DNA nanotechnology applications.
La mesure du transfert des apprentissages: état des lieux et perspectives d'avenir pour la recherche
Authors: Schoeb Geneviève , Lafrenière‐Carrier Benjamin , Lauzier Martin , Courcy François 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch on transfer of training (training transfer) has flourished in recent years. Given the absence so far of any comprehensive review of the various transfer measurement instruments used, a systematic review of research to date was performed. Three main findings emerged from the 51 studies reviewed: (1) there is a divergence between the definitions of transfer described in the studies and the concept of transfer reflected in the measurement instruments; (2) there are many different kinds of measurement instruments; and (3) scant information has been published on the parameters of the training whose transfer is being measured. In light of these findings, a research agenda is proposed for evaluating training transfer.
Straw Application and Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon Change: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuju , Cao Xu , Jiang Hui , Guo Zhenhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) can reveal the total microbial count, and microbial community diversity can be investigated using the Shannon index. Straw application is an important factor affecting soil MBC. Many studies have found that straw application increases soil MBC, although some studies suggest that straw application decreases soil MBC. This discrepancy underscores the need for a meta‐analysis. A global dataset is established from 47 studies, compiling a total of 71 individual datasets. The results reveal that in tropical and temperate zones, the addition of maize, rice, and wheat straw causes a significant improvement in MBC content, although it has no effect on microbial community diversity. The research also indicates that MBC does not increase with the addition of straw of >10 Mg ha−1; therefore, the amount of straw and nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer used should be appropriate. According to the analysis, the optimum usage is 10 Mg ha−1. The best fertilization method consists of analyzing the soil fertility first and then adding NPK fertilizer appropriately according to the type and composition of straw application.
Synthesis of Hydroxylated Biphenyl Derivatives Bearing an α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone as a Lead Structure for the Development of Drug Candidates against Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Dettori Maria Antonietta , Pisano Marina , Rozzo Carla , Delogu Giovanna , Fabbri Davide 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA small collection of C2‐symmetric hydroxylated biphenyl derivatives featuring an α,β‐unsaturated ketone as a lead structure was prepared, and the capacity of these compounds to act as antiproliferative agents against four human malignant melanoma cell lines was assayed. The prodrug approach was applied in order to improve the delivery of compounds into the cell by modulation of the phenolic hydroxy protecting group. The hydroxylated biphenyl structure bearing an α,β‐unsaturated ketone and a phenolic‐O‐prenylated chain was found to facilitate the delivery of the molecule and interactions with biological targets. Four compounds showed antiproliferative activity resulting in IC50 values in the range of 1.2 to 2.8 μM.
Dental implant surface temperatures following double wavelength (2780/940 nm) laser irradiation in vitro
Authors: Fahlstedt Peter , Bunæs Dagmar F , Lie Stein Atle , Leknes Knut N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the implant surface temperature at titanium dental implants during calibrated irradiation using double wavelength laser.Material and methodsA double wavelength laser, 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode, was calibrated and used to irradiate pristine titanium dental implants, OsseoSpeed, TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive, representing different surface modifications. Initial calibration (21 implants; 7 implants/group) intended to identify optimal wavelength/specific output power/energy that not critically increased the temperature or altered the micro‐texture of the implant surface. Subsequent experimental study (30 implants; 10 implants/group) evaluated implant surface temperature changes over 190 s. Irradiation using a computerized robotic setup.ResultsBased on the initial calibration, the following output powers/energies were employed: Er,Cr:YSGG laser 18.4 mJ/pulse (7.3 J/cm2)–36.2 mJ/pulse (14.4 J/cm2) depending on implant surface; diode laser 3.3 W (1321.0 W/cm2). During double wavelength irradiation, implant surface temperatures dropped over the first 20 s from baseline 37°C to mean temperatures ranging between 25.7 and 26.3°C. Differences in mean temperatures between OsseoSpeed and TiUnite implants were statistically significant (p < 0.001). After the initial 20 s, mean temperatures continued to decrease for all implant surfaces. The decrease was significantly greater for TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive compared with OsseoSpeed implants (p < 0.001).ConclusionCalibrated double wavelength laser irradiation did not critically influence the implant surface temperature. During laser irradiation the temperature decreased rapidly to steady‐state levels, close to the water/air‐spray temperature.
Food for mood: Experimentally induced negative affect triggers loss of control over eating in adolescents with low inhibitory control
Authors: Van Malderen Eva , Kemps Eva , Verbeken Sandra , Goossens Lien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveLoss of control over eating (LOC) is common among adolescents and is associated with negative developmental outcomes. Low self‐regulation, and specifically low inhibitory control, is increasingly emphasized as an underlying factor in LOC. However, the specific context in which these capacities fail remains unclear. The affect regulation model proposes that negative affect may trigger LOC; however, research has mostly assessed trait negative affect using questionnaires, whereas measuring state negative affect is needed to determine its triggering role. Therefore, this study examined the interaction between inhibitory control and state negative affect in predicting LOC among adolescents using an experimental mood‐induction design.MethodParticipants were 50 adolescents (10–18 years; 76% girls) from the general community. Participants first reported on their self‐regulatory and inhibitory control capacities. They were then assigned to a sad or neutral mood‐induction (using a film clip), followed by a multi‐item food buffet from which they could eat as much as they liked. Finally, participants reported on their experience of loss of control while eating.ResultsInhibitory control (but not self‐regulation in general) interacted with the mood‐induction to predict LOC. Adolescents with low inhibitory control experienced significantly more LOC, but only in the sad mood condition.DiscussionThe experience of negative affect appears to be an important trigger for LOC in adolescents with low inhibitory control. With a view to prevention and early intervention of LOC, inhibitory control training may be most effective in contexts where adolescents experience high levels of negative affect.
Short‐term and long‐term outcomes of revascularization interventions for patients with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pei Junyu , Wang Xiaopu , Xing Zhenhua , Zheng Keyang , Hu Xinqun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should be preferred in patients with severely reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction.Methods and resultsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from the conception of the databases till 1 May 2020 for studies on patients with severely reduced LV ejection fraction undergoing CABG and PCI. The primary clinical endpoints were 30 day and long‐term mortalities. The secondary endpoints were 30 day and long‐term incidences of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, long‐term cardiovascular mortality, and repeat revascularization. Eighteen studies involving 11 686 patients were analysed. Compared with PCI, CABG had lower long‐term mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61–0.80, P < 0.01], cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.85, P < 0.01), MI (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.72, P < 0.01), and repeat revascularization (HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23–0.47, P < 0.01) risk. Significant differences were not observed for long‐term stroke (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.74–1.87, P = 0.49), 30 day mortality (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.89–1.56, P = 0.25), and MI (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.16–1.11, P = 0.08) risk. CABG was associated with a higher risk of stroke within 30 days (HR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.07–7.77, P = 0.04). In a subgroup analysis of propensity score‐matched studies, CABG was associated with a higher long‐term risk of stroke (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20–2.16, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAmong patients with severely reduced LV ejection fraction, CABG resulted in a lower mortality rate and an increased risk of stroke.
A fast‐screening approach for the tentative identification of drug‐related metabolites from three non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in hydroponically grown edible plants by HPLC‐drift‐tube‐ion‐mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Mlynek Franz , Himmelsbach Markus , Buchberger Wolfgang , Klampfl Christian W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe (tentative) identification of unknown drug‐related phase II metabolites in plants upon drug uptake remains a challenging task despite improved analytical instrument performance. To broaden the knowledge of possible drug metabolization, a fast‐screening approach for the tentative identification of drug‐related phase II metabolites is presented in this work. Therefore, an in silico database for the three non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and naproxen) and a sub‐group of their theoretical phase II metabolites (based on combinations with glucose, glucuronic acid, and malonic acid) was created. Next, the theoretical exact masses (protonated species and ammonia adducts) were calculated and used as precursor ions in an autoMS/MS measurement method. The applicability of this workflow was tested on the example of eleven edible plants, which were hydroponically grown in solutions containing the respective drug at a concentration level of 20 mg/L. For the three drugs investigated this led to the tentative identification of 41 metabolites (some of them so far not described in this context), such as combinations of hydroxylated mefenamic acid with up to four glucose units or hydroxylated mefenamic acid with two glucose and three malonic acid units.
Sensitivity and Accumulation of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid in Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) Exposed over Critical Life Stages of Reproduction and Development
Authors: Suski J.G. , Salice C.J. , Chanov M.K. , Ayers J. , Rewerts J. , Field J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of environmental concern following release from industrial practices and use of aqueous film–forming foam (AFFF). Of the identified PFAS in surface water samples from known AFFF release sites, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) are frequently detected. The focus of the present study was to determine the effects of PFOS and PFHxS to the native (and common) fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, over critical life stages of reproduction and development. Two separate, 42-d experiments were carried out using sexually mature fish, exposed to either PFOS or PFHxS. Measured exposure concentrations for PFOS and PFHxS were 0, 44, 88, 140, and 231 µg/L and 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 µg/L, respectively. At day 21 of the adult exposure, eggs were collected and reared for 21 d to determine the effects of PFOS or PFHxS on development, growth, and survival of larvae. The no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC) for PFOS was 44 µg/L, and the lowest-observable-effect concentration was 88 µg/L based on reduced growth in juvenile (F1) fish. Effects from PFOS exposures that did not follow a standard dose–response curve were reduced gonadosomatic index in adult males (at 44 µg/L) and reduced fecundity in females (at 140 µg/L). There was no toxicity on apical endpoints to report on adult or juvenile fish exposed to PFHxS up to 1200 µg/L. Importantly, we note that both PFOS and PFHxS accumulated in gonads and liver of adult fish following the respective exposures. The present study supports previous literature on PFOS toxicity and accumulation in fathead minnows but resulted in a lower NOEC than previously established for this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:811–819. © 2020 SETAC
Honesty based democratic scheme to improve community cooperation for Internet of Things based vehicular delay tolerant networks
Authors: Rehman Ghani ur , Ghani Anwar , Zubair Muhammad , Ghayyure Shahbaz A. K. , Muhammad Shad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been developed and implemented on unreliable wireless networks like the delay tolerant network (DTN); however, efficient data transfer in DTN is still an important issue for the IoT applications. One of the application areas of DTN is vehicular delay tolerant network (VDTN) where the network faces communication disruption due to lack of end‐to‐end relay route. It is challenging as some of the nodes show selfish behavior to preserve their resources like memory and energy and become noncooperative. In this article, an honesty‐based democratic scheme (HBDS) is introduced where vehicles with higher honesty level are elected as heads—during the process. Vehicles involved in the process would maximize their rewards (reputation) through active participation in the network activities, whereas vehicles with noncooperative selfish behavior are punished. The honesty level of the heads is analyzed using Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves (VCG) model. The mathematical model and algorithms developed in the proposed HBDS technique are simulated using the VDTNSim framework to evaluate their efficiency. The performance results show that the proposed scheme dominates current schemes in terms of packet delivery probability, packet delivery delay, number of packets drop, and overhead ratio.
Evaluating tail risks for the U.S. economic policy uncertainty
Authors: Apergis Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to employ a relatively new methodological approach to extract quantile‐based economic policy uncertainty (EPU) risk forecasts using the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag Mixed‐Frequency Data Sampling (QADL‐MIDAS) regression model recommended by Ghysels and Iania. This type of modelling delivers better quantile forecasts at various forecasting horizons. The forecasting results not only imply that the risk measure of EPU measure is linked to the future evolution of the index itself, but also it help constructing explicitly EPU risk measures, which are used to identify what drives such risk policy measures, especially across certain sub‐sample periods associated with major global events, such as the collapse of the Lehman Brothers, the Trump's election and the trade‐war tensions between the United States and China. The findings offer a new empirical perspective to the existing EPU literature, documenting that special world events carry a strong informational content as being a primary key to understand the dynamics of the economic policy tails.