bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Electric Spark Coatings Properties Obtained by Electrodes from Titanium Electroerosive Particles
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Latypov R. A. , Novikov E. P. , Sabel’nikov B. N. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. Modern car is a very complex system which has about 15... 20 thousand parts. More than 7 thousand lose their initial characteristics during operational process. As practice shows, more than 4000 car parts lose their operability much earlier than the expiration of vehicle life as a whole. These factors lead to significant repair costs, as well as profit losses caused by long delays in part of the rolling stock. Efficiency and qualitative improvement growth of various areas of public production pose new and more complex tasks to increase the efficiency and reliability of parts. These tasks can be solved both by creating special innovative materials and by developing and introducing into production the latest methods of car parts strengthening and applying protective coatings. Electric spark alloying of metal surfaces is one of these methods. Electric spark alloying is widespread in most industries, including automotive manufacturing, mechanical engineering and metalworking. Electric spark alloying method provides high degree of adhesion, high efficiency and low energy consumption. Electrodes with nano particles are of greatest interest. The most promising method is electroerosive dispersion used in the production of nano materials. The purpose of the work is to study coatings' properties obtained by electric spark alloying using powder electrodes made from electroerosive particles obtained in distilled water from titanium alloy wastes of grade ВТ6.Methods. ВТ6 grade chips were used to prepare titanium powder by electroerosive dispersion. Consolidation of the particles received by electroerosive dispersion of BT6 titanic alloy waste is done by spark plasma agglomeration method with the use of spark plasma agglomeration system of SPS 25-10. UR-121 installation was used to cover electrospark coverings. Experimental pictures on QUANTA 600 FEG raster (scanning) electronic microscope were made to study coverings' form and morphology. X-ray spectrum analysis was performed by EDAX 's energy dispersion X-ray analyzer built into QUANTA 600 FEG raster electron microscope. Surface roughness of samples was examined on SURTRONIC 25 profilometer.Results. It was experimentally stated that titanium, oxygen, aluminium and tungsten are the main elements in the sintered sample of titanium particles obtained in distilled water. It was stated as a result of properties investigation of powder electrodes from electroerosive particles and coatings obtained by electrospark alloying. Other elements are present in minor amounts. Roughness of electric spark coated samples is Rz 13.2 um (Ra 2.14 um). These particles obtained in water distilled from ВТ6 titanium alloy waste can be used for electrodes suitable for automotive parts recovering by electric spark alloying.Conclusion. Obtained results can be used in creation of resource-saving processes of metal alloys and composite materials.
Algorithms for Functioning of the Magneto-Metric System to Provide Search and Rescue Operations Using Unmanned Flying Vehicles
Authors: Gutsevich D. E. , Proskuryakov G. M. , Slonov V. N. , Teterin D. P. , Titenko E. A. , Frolov S. N. , Lisitzin L. A. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of research. Reducing the time and increasing the efficiency of search and rescue of crews of land vehicles, air, surface and underwater craft. Combining physical, informational, and geometric parameters allows reliable detection of single ferromagnetic bodies by analyzing additional information in working algorithms.Methods. The paper contains a practically significant variant of building a search engine that is implemented on two or more unmanned flying vehicles moving in the search area in a coordinated formation at the basic distance. The solution system is based on using magnetic field components as magnetometric information without using primary gradient information. This feature allows us to get compact and functionally complete algorithms. Calculations using such algorithms ensure the stability of an unmanned flying vehicle in various combinations of vector, roll and pitch.Results. Algorithms for the functioning of the magnetometric system for searching ferromagnetic bodies based on the magnetostatic equations have been constructed in the article,. The intelligent system is based on the scheme of a measuring and computing circuit with staggered vector three-axis blocks of magnetometers in space. The system is able to solve the whole range of problems of search, detection, direction finding, localization, positioning and identification of metal objects that have their own magnetic field.Conclusion. The main result of the study is that the working algorithms for detecting ferromagnetic bodies take into account the characteristics of the air environment, the instrumental error of measurement units of physical quantities and the geometric proportions of measuring equipment location on board the unmanned and manned search and rescue helicopters. The obtained research results have been used in the development of a hardware and software complex with helicopter-type unmanned flying vehicles designed to support search and rescue operations in the Arctic.
La vida psíquica del poder a partir del caso Yndira Sandoval
Authors: Yébenes Escardó Zenia 
Published: February 2020

El caso de Yndira Sandoval contribuye a dilucidar tres aspectos cuya relevancia pretendemos mostrar en estas páginas. En primer lugar, de qué forma el Estado moderno, como construcción social que contiene un exceso que no puede controlar, anima tecnologías de control que se aplican a los cuerpos marcados por la diferencia étnica y sexual. En segundo lugar, cómo esa tecnología de control está respaldada por una fantasía de violencia sexual que autoriza un escenario real vinculado con el rol del Estado-Nación. Finalmente, cómo el caso devela el escenario que atraviesa el concepto —fantasmático— del Estado-Nación en relación precisamente con las diferencias que se hicieron acuciantes entre las filas del activismo feminista mexicano en torno al desarrollo de los acontecimientos.
Evaluación de la supervivencia en sitios reforestados como indicador de la restauración del paisaje en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca
Authors: Reyes González Erika Rocío , Hernández Jardines Gustavo Enrique , Calvillo Arriola Atzin Elihu 
Published: February 2020

Gran parte de los ecosistemas forestales del planeta han sufrido degradación principalmente por prácticas relacionadas con el cambio de uso de suelo para fines agropecuarios, incluida la tala ilegal. El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca no queda exenta de los efectos de la deforestación y la degradación del bosque templado. Instituciones de gobierno, academia y sociedad civil han emprendido acciones de restauración y recuperación en favor de esta área protegida. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de la evaluación de la supervivencia de 144 plantaciones realizadas por Reforestamos México, asociación civil sin fines lucrativos, durante los años 2011 a 2015. El índice de supervivencia propuesto por la Comisión Nacional Forestal (Conafor) para evaluar el éxito de las plantaciones estima la cantidad de árboles vivos y muertos para obtener el porcentaje de supervivencia de cada predio con base en el número de árboles plantados para las plantaciones de los años 2014 y 2015. Además, se midió el vigor de los árboles y se determinó la especie que presentó la mejor respuesta de crecimiento y desarrollo únicamente para las plantaciones de los años 2014 y 2015. Las mayores supervivencias se localizaron en los parajes Latas Viejas (82%), Cerro Prieto (79%) y San José de las Huertas (79%), municipio de Zinacantepec, Estado de México, mientras que la menor supervivencia (36%) fue localizada en el paraje Cerro Gordo, en el mismo municipio. Pinus montezumae fue la especie que logró la mayor supervivencia (73%), mientras que Pinus hartwegii obtuvo la menor (70%). Esto último puede estar asociado a las pendientes pronunciadas, los suelos compactados por anteriores usos de suelos, el crecimiento de herbáceas por un mal mantenimiento y la presencia de ganado, factores que limitaron la supervivencia de las plantas.
STATUS ANAK DI LUAR NIKAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH SOSIAL
Authors: Kudrat  
Published: February 2020

In literature of Islamic jurisprudence, children born outside marriage consider to have family line with their mother. It also has similarity with Indonesian’s law stating in the Marriage Act and the Compilation of Islamic Law. The significant changes occur after judgment of Constitutional Court No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, stating that children outside of marriage have also family line with their father, as long as can be proofed biologically through science and technology and/or other evidences. This article use historical social approach to analyse a legal history of Constitutional Court judgment. The writer personally argues that Constitutional Court considers the welfare of children as justification of family line with father. The advance development in science and technology such as using Desoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) can give evidence in searching the family’s line. This consideration gives a strong legal background for Constitutional Court to protect private rights of children born outside marriage.
Abstrak. Dalam khazanah fikih Islam seorang anak yang lahir di luar nikah hanya mempunyai hubungan nasab dengan ibunya. Demikian pula dengan aturan hukum positif Indonesia dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Perubahan muncul pada Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 menyebutkan bahwa anak yang lahir di luar nikah juga memiliki hubungan darah dengan laki-laki sebagai ayahnya, hubungan keperdataan dengan keluarga ayah selama dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah sosial untuk menganalisis histitorisitas munculnya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi . Berdasarkan analisis penulis, Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadikan kesejahteraan anak sebagai alasan pembenaran hubungan keperdataan dengan dengan ayah biologisnya. Di samping itu juga kemajuan teknologi membantu membuktikan adanya hubungan antara anak dan ayahnya melalui tes DNA. Pertimbangan ini menjadi alasan kuat Mahkamah Konstitusi utuk melindungi hak-hak keperdataan bagi anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan.
Kata kunci: status, anak, luar nikah
TINDAK PIDANA KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 DAN TINJAUAN FIQH AL- BI’AH
Authors: Ridwansyah Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

The arrangement of environmental law in Indonesia shows significant improvement in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment, having criminal threat in Articles 98, 99, and 100. This article has two main concerns, firstly is arrangement of crime on the environmental destruction in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment. Secondly is the conformity between concept fiqh al-bi’ah and Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment. So far criminal offence stated in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment is not enough strong to catch environmental destroyer. In this context the government must amend the articles, which is not in accordance with law enforcement. There are similarities between concept of fiqh al-bi’ah and environmental arrangement existing in Indonesia. The concept of fiqh al-bi’ah is part of maqashidul syari’ah, and Islam strongly suggests protecting and looking after the environments.
Abstrak. Pengaturan hukum lingkungan hidup di Indonesia sudah mulai membaik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup memuat ancaman pidana tercantum pada Pasal 98, 99, dan 100. Studi ini ada dua pertanyaan yang difokuskan. Pertama, bagaimanakah pengaturan tindak pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Kedua, apakah konsep Fiqh al-Bi’ah sejalan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah tindak pidana yang terdapat pada Undang-Undang tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup belum cukup mampu menjerat perusak lingkungan hidup. Dalam hal ini diharapkan Pemerintah dapat merevisi pasal-pasal yang tidak sesuai. Selanjutnya hasil dari penelitian ini adanya kesamaan konsep antara fiqh al bi’ah dengan pengaturan lingkungan yang ada di Indonesia. karena menurut konsep yang ditawarkan fiqh al bi’ah merupakan bagian dari maqashidul syari’ah sehingga Islam sangat menganjurkan bahwa lingkungan disekitar harus dijaga.
Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Hidup, Fiqh al-Bi’ah, Maqasid al-Syari’ah.
ZAKAT BATU AKIK HASIL TAMBANG MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Rizkiyallah  
Published: February 2020

Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) sets certain wealth that is charitable, such as agricultural products, mining, and cattle. However, people in the community pay zakat (compulsory charity or religious tax) on the mining product (Batu Akik, agate) as found in the community in Beutong, Nagan Raya. This research aimed to investigate the zakat of batu akik from the Islamic law perspective. The research problem was whether the mining product (batu akik) is eligible to pay zakat or not. Besides, it also investigated the society perspective on zakat, the payment system, and the calculation. The research findings indicated that batu akik was the primary source of income; therefore the society perception mentioned that they had to pay zakat on it when reached the nisab (minimum amount of wealth eligible to pay zakat). The payment system of zakat of in Beutong, Nagan Raya reached the nisab after the batu akik is sold. It is eligible to pay 2,5% zakat if the sale reached the nisab and the haul.
Abstrak: Dalam fikih ditetapkan beberapa harta yang dapat dizakatkan, misalnya hasil pertanian, pertambangan, dan binatang ternak. Namun dalam konteks masyarakat telah dipraktekkan mengenai zakat Batu Akik hasil pertambangan, sebagaimana terjadi pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Menarik kiranya mengkaji lebih lanjut tentang zakat Batu Akik ditinjau menurut hukum Islam. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah batu akik hasil tambang wajib dikeluarkan zakat menurut Hukum Islam, bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap zakat tersebut, serta bagaimana sistem pembayaran zakat batu akik dan kadar nisabnya sebagaimana yang terjadi pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Persepsi masyarakat batu akik dapat menjadi sumber ekonomi yang bermanfaat, diwajibkan mengeluarkan zakat dari penghasilan batu akik ketika telah sampai nisab. Sistem pembayaran zakat batu akik pada masyarakat Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya berikut dengan batasan nisabnya adalah dengan mengeluarkan zakat hasil penjualan batu akik. Hasil penjualan batu akik dizakatkan ketika sudah mencapai nisab, yaitu 2,5% dan telah sampai haul.
Kata Kunci: Zakat, Batu Akik, Tambang, Hukum Islam
QUO VADIS PEKERJA ANAK PADA PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Rosita  
Published: February 2020

The most significant share of child laborers in the world is in agriculture and plantations, where they do various types of agricultural jobs, ranging from small to medium family farming to large agricultural, plantation or agroindustry businesses. The ILO estimates that more than 132 million girls and boys aged 5-14 years old are involved in planting, harvesting agricultural products, spraying pesticides and raising livestock in rural areas and plantations worldwide. The child labor phenomenon in tobacco plantations in Jember Regency has existed since the Dutch colonial era. Several studies have been conducted concerning child labor in tobacco businesses, such as YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 and 2002), Mahbubah (2003), revealed that the problem of child labor and its influencing factors are the "constant" issue. This phenomenon is ironic, considering that Jember tobacco is one of the leading export products for Indonesian tobacco, which significantly benefits the country and entrepreneurs. Although child labor has been banned, many plantations in Jember Regency still employ children. Many factors contribute to child labor in several plantations in Jember Regency, including economic and educational factors.
Abstrak: Bagian terbesar pekerja anak di dunia bekerja di pertanian dan perkebunan, di mana mereka melakukan berbagai jenis pekerjaan pertanian baik usaha pertanian keluarga berukuran kecil maupun sedang hingga usaha pertanian, perkebunan atau agro industri yang besar. ILO memperkirakan bahwa di seluruh dunia lebih dari 132 juta anak perempuan dan laki-laki berusia 5-14 tahun terlibat dalam kegiatan penanaman, pemanenan hasil pertanian, penyemprotan pestisida dan pemeliharaan ternak di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan dan perkebunan. Fenomena pekerja anak di perkebunan Tembakau pada Kabupaten Jember sudah ada sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai pekerja anak di usaha tembakau seperti yang dilakukan oleh YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 dan 2002), Mahbubah (2003) menunjukkan bahwa masalah pekerja anak dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya merupakan masalah yang “konstan”. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi sangat ironis mengingat tembakau Jember merupakan salah satu produk andalan ekspor bagi tembakau di Indonesia yang banyak memberi keuntungan bagi negara dan pengusaha. Meskipun telah dilarang akan tetapi masih banyak perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember yang mempekerjakan anak, hal ini karena terdapat banyak faktor yang menyebabkan mengapa anak masih banyak yang terlihat di beberapa perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember, salah satunya adalah faktor ekonomi dan faktor pendidikan.
Kata Kunci : Pekerja Anak, Perkebunan tembakau, Kabupaten Jember
“As outras vozes”: Percursos femininos, cultura política e processos emancipatórios na Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Godinho Gomes Patricia Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

Na Guiné-Bissau, a luta armada de libertação nacional desencadeada entre os anos 1960 e 1970 conseguiu aglutinar em torno de uma causa comum os diferentes povos. Nesse processo, as mulheres participaram ativamente. No entanto, a questão que se coloca é a de saber em que se traduziu a participação feminina nesse processo e quais foram as reivindicações nele geradas. Quais foram as conquistas e os limites da independência e o seu impacto nas mulheres? O texto procura discutir, a partir de algumas narrativas de mulheres que participaram de forma direta ou indireta no processo de independência, e com base em uma análise documental e bibliográfica e em perspectiva de gênero, os principais momento da construção da cidadania e de uma cultura política entre as mulheres guineenses.
Palavras-chave: colonialismo, luta de libertação, emancipação feminina.
Artefatos do "Quebra": indumentária étnica e estética da coleção perseverança
Authors: Almeida Anderson Diego Da Silva , De Andrade Fernando Antônio Gomes 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo traduz a discussão que vem sendo construída sobre a indumentária étnica, especificamente de matriz afro-brasileira. Para tal narrativa, a temática envereda-se em apresentar alguns artefatos pertencentes à Coleção Perseverança: faixa, peitoral, coroa capacete, pulseiras e bolsas. Esta pesquisa seleciona, dentre as 215 peças da coleção, os adornos utilizados nos terreiros de Xangôs do estado de Alagoas. É importante entendermos que os artefatos selecionados representam a memória do “Quebra do Xangô”, em 1912, ato conhecido como a invasão e destruição de todos os terreiros nas cidades alagoanas, principalmente a capital Maceió. A Perseverança nasce nesse contexto, representando, além do fato que lhe deu origem, a cultura africana presente no estado. Portanto, a descrição, a seguir, traz o diálogo entre a memória, a representação e plasticidade.
Palavras-chave: indumentária, coleção, memória, plasticidade.
Esthetic perception of facial profile changes in Class II patients treated with Herbst or Forsus appliances
Authors: Moresca Alexa Helena Kohler , de Moraes Nathaly Dias , Topolski Francielle , Flores-Mir Carlos , Moro Alexandre , Moresca Ricardo Cesar , Correr Gisele Maria 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the esthetic perceptions of orthodontists and laypersons for facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment using Herbst or Forsus appliances.

Materials and Methods
Pre- and posttreatment facial profile contour images of 20 Class II patients treated with Herbst (group H; n = 10) and Forsus (group F; n = 10) appliances were analyzed by 30 orthodontists and 30 laypersons, who graded them from 1 (unattractive) to 10 (very attractive) using a visual analog scale. Two assessments were carried out with a 15 day-interval. In the first evaluation, 40 images were presented in a random sequence. In the second evaluation, initial and final facial profile images of each patient were randomly presented side by side. To compare groups in relation to treatment method, Mann-Whitney tests were used. To evaluate differences between time points, Wilcoxon tests were used.

Results
In the first evaluation, there was a significant difference between initial and final images only for group H, for both laypersons (P = .017) and orthodontists (P = .037). There was also a significant difference between laypersons and orthodontists in their ratings of posttreatment Herbst appliance profiles (P = .028). There was no significant difference between initial and final facial profile images for group F and no significant differences between or within evaluator groups in their ratings of initial or final Forsus appliance profiles. In the second evaluation, there was a significant difference between appliance groups only for laypersons, who considered cases treated with the Herbst appliance more attractive than those treated with the Forsus (P = .031). Laypersons also considered Herbst profiles more attractive than did orthodontists (P = .047).

Conclusions
Class II malocclusion treatment using the Herbst appliance may produce a more esthetically improved facial profile silhouette compared with Forsus appliances. The magnitude of perceived changes may not be considered clinically relevant.
Media ownership in Oceania: Three case studies in Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Tonga
Authors: Singh Shailendra 
Published: February 2020

The news media in Oceania are small but remarkably diverse and vigorous. Ownership ranges from large transnational corporations and robust local media companies, as in Fiji and Papua New Guinea, to local entrepreneurial and Government media interests, such as in Tonga and smaller South Pacific nations. News Corporation, through its South Pacific subsidaries, owns the two largest English-language dailies, The Fiji Times and the PNG Post-Courier, while the Malaysian timber company Rimbunan Hijau is a major media investor in Papua New Guinea (The National) as well as having interests in New Zealand and South-East Asia. Australia's Channel nine owns PNG's national TV broadcaster, EMTV, and New Zealand has played an important role in the development of Fiji Television. All three countries have had constitutional freedom of expression guarantees under assault in recent years and the role of the media in good governance has been an emerging theme. Three authors, prominent journalists (and, in the case of two, now also media edcators), analyse the trends in their countries.