bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving durability of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites by incorporation of ZnO/OMMT nanoparticles subjected to UV radiation and hygrothermal aging
Authors: Xu Yu , Fang Yuan , Wang Kai , Liu Weiqing , Fang Hai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have high sensitivity to UV radiation, temperature, and moisture, and these factors lead to the decrease of mechanical properties. This study attempts to modify unsaturated polyester (UP) and vinylester (VE) resins with nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), in order to improve UV radiation resistance and hygrothermal resistance. The nano ZnO/OMMT modified UP and VE based GFRP composites were subjected to UV radiation and hygrothermal aging at 30 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C (95% RH) for 90 days. Mass loss, moisture uptake, color change, flexural properties and short-beam-shear test were investigated. In comparison to unmodified GFRP specimens, ZnO/OMMT modifying decreased the mass loss, the color change, saturation moisture uptake, and the coefficient of diffusion. After exposure in UV radiation for 90 days, the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of nano modified GFRP composites increased by 23.5% and 27.8% compared with those of the unmodified GFRP composites. Nano ZnO/OMMT modifying also increased the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength by 26.5% and 27.2% in hygrothermal condition at 60 °C. Furthermore, based on the change of mechanical properties and Arrhenius rate model, a prediction model was proposed to predict the life of nano modified FRP composites.
Rational and design of the ROTAS study: a randomized study for the optimal treatment of symptomatic patients with low-gradient severe aortic valve stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Galli Elena , Le Ven Florent , Coisne Augustin , Sportouch Catherine , Le Tourneau Thierry , Bernard Anne , Bière Loic , Habib Gilbert , Lancellotti Patrizio , Lederlin Mathieu , Tribouilloy Christophe , Oger Emmanuel , Donal Erwan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Fifteen to thirty percentage of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a discordant AS pattern at Doppler echocardiography, which is characterized by a small (&lt;1 cm2) aortic area and low mean aortic gradient (&lt;40 mmHg). The ‘Randomized study for the Optimal Treatment of symptomatic patients with low-gradient severe Aortic Stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction’ (ROTAS trial) aims at demonstrating the superiority of aortic valve replacement vs. a ‘watchful waiting strategy’ in symptomatic patients with low-gradient (LS), severe AS, and preserved LVEF, stratified according to indexed stroke volume, in terms of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular-related hospitalization during follow-up (FU).

Methods and results
The ROTAS trial will be a multicentre randomized non-blinded study involving 16 reference centres. AS severity will be confirmed by a multimodality approach (rest and stress echocardiography, calcium scoring, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for optimally characterize the population), which could provide important inputs to improve the pathophysiological understanding of this complex disease. Well-characterized patients will be randomized according to the management strategy. The primary endpoint will be the occurrence of all-cause mortality or cardiac related-hospitalizations during 2-year FU. One hundred and eighty subjects per group will be included.

Conclusion
The management of patients with LS severe AS and preserved LVEF is largely debated. ROTAS trial will allow a comprehensive evaluation of this particular pattern of AS and will establish which is the most appropriate management of these patients.
Policymakers’ perspectives on designing school-based health initiatives for Victorian adolescents
Authors: Meiklejohn Sarah , Choi Tammie , Peeters Anna , Ryan Lisa , Palermo Claire 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Initiatives based on the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework have previously been successful in improving health and well-being yet there is little evidence of how these findings translate into policy. This study therefore aimed to analyse the political considerations that underpinned policymakers’ decisions for the design and implementation of a programme based on HPS in middle and high schools in Victoria, Australia. Interpretive policy analysis was undertaken using interviews with a purposive sample of government and non-government policy actors. Interviews explored factors influencing programme design and implementation and were analysed using thematic analysis. Ten in-depth interviews, including 11 participants, were conducted. The analysis revealed four themes. The Achievement Program was designed through (i) the establishment of strategic collaborations and good governance, involving people that made valuable and diverse contributions to the design process while acknowledging their (ii) positions of power, (iii) ensuring careful attention was paid to evidence-informed programme design and (iv) incorporation of real-time feedback from other settings. Policymakers believe this approach has the potential to improve policy adoption. There is a need to explore if this approach to policy development influences adherence and improves health outcomes.
They Are Selling Themselves Out to the Enemy! The Content and Effects of Populist Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Hameleers Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Despite the alleged discursive affinity between populist rhetoric and conspiracy theories, we know too little about how populist conspiracies are communicated by politicians, and how these messages activate individual-level support for populist ideas. In this setting, this article reports on a qualitative content analysis of leading (radical) right-wing populist politicians’ self-communication (Trump and Wilders) and an experiment in which the central content features of populist conspiracies are manipulated. The main findings indicate that populist conspiracy theories activate populist attitudes more than mere exposure to populist ideas. Together, this article shows how conspiracies are framed in populist actors’ communication, and how these populist conspiracy frames can fuel support for populist ideology in society.
BCS AI Award for Artists
Authors: Lambert Nick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The eighth annual Lumen Prize, celebrating the very best in international digital art, took place at the Barbican Centre for Performing Arts in London on 24 October. Presenting the BCS AI Award to winners, Dave Murray-Rust and Rocio von Jungenfeld — for Lichtsuchende — was Computer Arts Society Chair, Dr Nick Lambert.
Repositioning BCS Degree Accreditation
Authors: Crick Tom , Davenport James H , Hanna Paul , Irons Alastair , Pearce Sally , Prickett Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Professional body accreditation must better communicate its value to higher education institutions, industry and society as a whole. Tom Crick, James H. Davenport, Paul Hanna, Alastair Irons, Sally Pearce and Tom Prickett explore the value of - and future enhancements to - BCS accreditation.
Determination of Iron in Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Meredith M K , Baldwin Sidney , Andreasen A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Results are presented for a collaborative study on the determination of ppm iron in alcoholic beverages, except beer, by the following methods: atomic absorption spectrophotometry, direct colorimetry using 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) for alcoholic beverages other than brandy, and wet oxidation using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide followed by color development with TPTZ for brandy only. When available, atomic absorption is the method of choice because of its speed and accuracy. The colorimetric method eliminates ashing, is relatively rapid, and does not require special equipment or highly trained personnel; however, it does not give accurate results for brandy. The wet oxidation method is satisfactory for brandy but requires more time, proper ventilation, and trained personnel. Results by these methods are accurate for routine determinations and it is recommended that the first two methods be adopted as official first action for the alcoholic products specified. Study on the wet oxidation method for products containing chelating agents and/or “complexed iron” should be continued.
Channel Layer Chromatography, with a Rapid Spotting Technique, for One-Stage Cleanup in Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Hetherington R M , Parouchais C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Channel layer chromatography was investigated as a one-stage cleanup in pesticide residue analysis. Modifications were made to reduce analytical time, to increase visibility of solvent fronts, to hasten extraction from alumina G layer, and to improve recoveries. Good recoveries, in general, were obtained from spiked samples of milk, eggs, and dry poultry feeds and grains
Collaborative Study of the Mills Method for Multiple Chlorinated Pesticide Residues in Butterfat
Authors: Carr Richard L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ten collaborators from different laboratories studied the Mills method for chlorinated pesticide residues in which electron capture GLC is used for quantitative measurement. Butterfat was the sample product; residues of the pesticides studied were present at two levels. Average recoveries for both levels were: lindane, 94.5 ± 22.5%; o,p’-DDT, 106.5 ± 13.5%; p,p’- DDT, 98.5 ± 8.5%; methoxychlor, 101.5 ± 13%; technical BHC, 87 ± 24%; p,p’-DDE, 98.5 ± 12.5%; and p,p’-TDE, 97.5 ± 12.5%. In most instances, residues were confirmed by TLC.
GLC Determination of Organic Acids in Fruits as Their Trimethylsilyl Derivatives
Authors: Fernandez-Flores E , Kline David A , Johnson Arthur R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polybasic organic acids in fruits are separated by precipitation as lead salts. Trimethylsilyl derivatives formed directly from these lead salts are separated and identified by gasliquid chromatographic procedures. Twentyseven types and varieties of fruits were analyzed and reported.
Stability of Color Additives: FD&C Red No. 2 in Baked Goods
Authors: Singh Manjeet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Data are presented which show that FD&C Red No. 2 decomposes when baked in cookies; one of the decomposition products is naphthionic acid. The data indicate that the color is reduced at the azo linkage, yielding naphthionic acid and l-amino-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (amino R-salt). However, neither l-amino-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid nor the corresponding naphthoquinone could be isolated from baked goods, possibly because they react with sucrose or dextrose. The amount of decomposition of FD&C, Red No. 2 can be calculated from the naphthionic acid content as determined fluorometrically.
TLC and Spectrophotometric Determination of l[4-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenylazo)-2,5-dimethoxyphenylazo]-2-naphthol and 1,1’-(2,2’,5,5-Tetramethoxy-4,4’-biphenylenebisazo)- di-2-naphthol in Citrus Red No. 2
Authors: Stein Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A thin layer chromatographic procedure is presented in which l[4-(2,5-dimethoxyphenylazo)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyIazo]-2-naphthol (dimethoxy color) and l,l’-(2,2’,5,5’-tetramethoxy - 4,4’ - biphenylenebisazo) - di - 2 - naphthol (benzidine color) are separated from Citrus Red No. 2. The compounds are dissolved from the adsorbent and determined spectrophotometrically. Recoveries from samples of known composition ranged from 91 to 104% for the benzidine color and from 89 to 100% for the dimethoxy color. The benzidine colorjcontent of commercial samples ranged from 0.65 to 1.22%; the dimethoxy color content ranged from 0 to 0.22%. The presence of many other subsidiary colors, generally in trace amounts, was noted in all commercial samples.
Adaptation of the AOAC Fluorine Method for Determining Fluoride in Fish Protein Concentrate
Authors: Klemm R. Bruce , Klemm Mary E. Ambrose 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC official method, 24.029–24.035, for the determination of fluorine in foods was modified slightly to o btain quantitative recoveries of fluorine from samples of fish protein concentrate (FPC). The most important alterations include the use of steam distillation, the addition of finely ground silica sand in the distillation, a decrease in the distillation temperature, and the utilization of direct titration. Recoveries of fluoride added to FPC before ashing, using this modified method, averaged 96.0 ± 3.0%. Our results are in agreement with those of several other analysts who used a variety of methods.
Rapid and Convenient Salt Measurement in Meat, Fish, and Cheese
Authors: Vander Werf Loren J , Free Alfred H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The QUANTAB Chloride Titrator is a convenient tool for monitoring salt concentration in meat, fish, and cheese; it provides meaningful information on the salt content of food products for easier quality control during processing. Data are given showing typical results for various types of meat, fish, and cheese; these results compare favorably with those from the official AOAC Volhard methods.
Microbiological Assay of Monensin in Chicken Rations
Authors: Kline R M , Stricker R E , Coffman J D , Bikin H , Rathmacher R P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A microbiological assay method is described for the coccidiostat monensin in poultry feeds and prerhixes. Samples are extracted with methanol-water (9 + 1), and interfering substances are removed on an alumina column. Microbiological activity in the effluent is measured with Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). Statistical analysis of data from several different rations prepared as meals and pellets indicate a mean recovery and standard deviation of 94.8 ± 9.7 g monensin/ton from a theoretical potency of 110 g monensin/ton. A mean recovery of 98 ± 7.6 µg/g was obtained from samples prepared by fortifying basal rations with t monensin at 110 µg/g Just before extraction.
Microbiological Assay of Neomycin in Feed: Collaborative Study
Authors: Neff A W , Miller C C , Barbiers A R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eighteen laboratories collaboratively studied a method for the assay of neomycin, involving six levels of fortification and four diverse types of feed. The average recovery was 95.5%, which included a feed high in soybean meal (65%) that resulted in a definite negative bias in recovery. After eliminating the results from this feed the average recovery became 100.3% with an estimated standard deviation of 15.2% for a random sample. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Note on Apparatus to Prevent Floating of Polypropylene Tubes in a Water Bath
Authors: Mulford F R , Martens D C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A brass frame designed to prevent floating of polypropylene centrifuge tubes in a hot water bath is described. Seventy-seven tubes may be held in the frame with springs made from phosphorus bronze-tempered spring wire. The springs prevent movement of polypropylene centrifuge tubes when the water level is as high as 11.4 cm.
Rapid Esterification of Dicamba and Chlorophenoxy Acids with N,0-bis (Trimethylsilyl) Acetamide for Gas Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Garbrecht Thomas P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A general method has been developed for the esterification and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis of dicamba and chlorophenoxy acids as trimethylsilyl esters. The acids are extracted from a formulation, dried, and then esterified with N,0-bis(trimethylsilyl) acetamide. Esterification was complete and quantitative within 15 min for dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, MCPA, MCPP, and 2,4-DB. These esters were chromatographed on a 6’ column of 5% DC-200 on 80–100 mesh Chromosorb W HP at 190°C. Results from repetitive analyses and multiple injections show precision comparable with most GLC methods of analysis. Because of the ease and speed of the method, twice as many analyses can be performed in our laboratory.
Carbon-14 Assay After Parr Peroxide Bomb Fusion
Authors: Ford Leonard A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for converting organic 14C compounds to 14C carbon dioxide and subsequent quantitation by liquid scintillation counting. The sample is converted to sodium carbonate in a Parr bomb. Carbon dioxide is liberated from the fused salt, absorbed in an organic base, and incorporated in a liquid scintillation “cocktail” for radioassay. Some advantages over existing methods in current use are given.
Determination of 2-[(2-Hydroxy-l-Naphthyl)Azo]-6-NaphthaIenesulfonic Acid in D&C Red Nos. 10, 11, 12, and 13
Authors: Stein Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A thin layer chromatographic procedure is presented by which 2-[(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl)azo]-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Bronner’s color) is separated from D&C Red Nos. 10, 11, 12, a n d 13. Bronner’s color is dissolved from the silica gel G adsorbent and determined spectrophotometrically. Recoveries of 0.25110.02% added color averaged 91%. The Bronner’s color content of commercial samples of colors analyzed by this procedure ranged from 0 t o 2.6%.
Determination of 5,7’-Disulfo-3,3’-dioxo-Δ2,2’-biindoline, Disodium Salt, and 5-Sulfo-3,3’-dioxo-Δ2,2’-biindoline, Sodium Salt, in FD&C Blue No. 2
Authors: Singh Manjeet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A partition chromatographic procedure is presented which separates 5,7’-disulfo-3,3’- dioxo-Δ2,2’-biindoline (disodium salt) and 5-sulfo-3,3’-dioxo-Δ2,2’-biindoline (sodium salt) from FD&C Blue No. 2. The separated colors are determined spectrophotometrically. Recoveries of the former, added at 5 to 15%, ranged from 86 t o 101%. Recoveries of the latter, added at 1 to 5%, ranged from 78 to 95%. Commercial samples of FD&C Blue No. 2 analyzed by this procedure contained 0.7–15.6% of the isomer and 0.5–2.4% of the monosulfonated subsidiary color.
Determination of Total Fluoride and/or Fluosilicic Acid Concentration by Specific Fluoride Ion Electrode Potentiometry
Authors: Jordan Donald E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented to determine total fluoride and/or fluosilicic acid concentrations directly, using the fluoride ion selective electrode. Samples can be analyzed at 20–30/hr with excellent precision; results are equivalent to those obtained with the AWWA standard t e s t procedure No. B 703–60. Hydrofluoric acid, if present in the fluosilicic acid samples, interferes in the calculation for H2SiF6 concentration but not for total fluoride present. Specifically, the fluoride ion is freed from fluosilicate a t pH 8.4–10.0; in addition, iron and aluminum hydrous oxides are formed at this pH. Then the solution is buffered to pH 5.7–5.9 at a fixed ionic strength with ammonium acetate buffer and the total fluoride is determined from a prepared calibration curve or computer program.
Collaborative Study of Methods for the Determination of Fat in Cacao Products
Authors: Harrill P G , Ibrahim W Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted comparing the AOAC methods (12.022 Method I and 12.023 Method II) for the determination of fat in cacao products with the OICC Soxhlet method and a rapid refractometric method. Six samples of cacao products (breakfast cocoa, vegetable fat coating, cacao nibs, milk chocolate, sweet chocolate, and chocolate liquor) were analyzed by 7 collaborators. Results indicate that the OICC method gives better precision and somewhat lower results than the AOAC method. It is recommended (1) that the OICC method as presented, using a final HC1 concentration of 4N in the digestion step, be adopted as official first action to replace 12.023 Method II, which will be deleted official final action by suspension of the rules; (2) that study be continued to accumulate data needed to correlate the results of the analysis of cacao products by the OICC method and 12.022 Method I; and (3) that 12.022 be qualified by a statement “(Not applicable to cacao nibs unless finely ground)”.
Note on the Determination of Mercu Combustion
Authors: White Merrie N , Lisk D J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Losses of mercury from biological samples subjected to ashing in open systems can be obviated by oxygen flask combustion. The sample must support combustion, however. A method is described for the determination of mercury in mineral soil which is mixed with cellulose acetate powder to allow combustion. Mercury is then determined spectrophotometrically as the dithizonate. The sensitivity of the method is about 0.1 ppm mercury. The recovery of mercury from soil is reported.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Copper and Nickel in Tea
Authors: Burke Keith E , Albright C H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is one of several analytical tools which can be applied to the determination of less than 20 ppm quantities of copper and nickel in tea. A rapid and accurate atomic absorption method is described which is sensitive to these elements at the levels of interest. After the decomposition of organic matter by oxidation with nitric and perchloric acids, or by dry ashing, a solution is obtained which contains only a few major elements. An average matrix composition is determined and synthetic standards for copper and nickel which are free of potential interferences are prepared for a calibration curve. Tea leaves have been analyzed chemically and by X-ray and optical emission spectroscopy in order to evaluate the accuracy of the atomic absorption method. The average of 50 determinations gives a mean of 11 ppm nickel and 32 ppm copper with standard deviations of ±1.6 σ and 1.8 σ, respectively. The method should be applicable to most organic material.
TLC Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of l-(2-Hydroxy-l-naphthylazo)-2-naphthalene Sulfonic Acid in D&C Red No. 12
Authors: Stein Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A t h i n layer chromatographic procedure is presented by which l-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthylazo)- 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ortho color) is separated from D&C Red No. 12. T h e ortho color is dissolved from the adsorbent and determined spectrophotometrically. Recoveries of 1.6–11.3% added color averaged 90%. The content of commercial samples of colors analyzed by this procedure ranged from 0 to 0.8%.
Extraction of Light Filth from Casein and Sodium Caseinate
Authors: Brickey Paris M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative results are presented on a new method for filth in casein and sodium caseinate. The method consists of dispersing the product in a Versene solution, wet sieving on a No. 230 sieve, and transferring filth directly from sieve onto filter paper. The collaborative study resulted in an average recovery of 98 and 96% for insect fragments and rodent hairs, respectively. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Partition Chromatography and Determination of Noscapine in Cough Preparations
Authors: Elliston Stanley C , Coles Maureen L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The proposed method for combinations of noscapine with neutral and other basic drugs uses 2 columns: sulfamic acid and NaOH. Noscapine is eluted from the sulfamic acid column with chloroform, while other basic drugs are retained. Acidic substances and acetaminophen are trapped on the NaOH column. Recoveries of noscapine ranged from 98.4 to 100.3% on an authentic linctus and suspension. The method has been tested on 6 proprietaries and the low deviations between parallel determinations indicate a satisfactory degree of precision.