bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerable patients' attitudes towards sharing medical data and granular control in patient portal systems: an interview study
Authors: Bernaerdt Jodie , Moerenhout Tania , Devisch Ignaas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe collection, storage and exchange of medical information are becoming increasingly complex. More parties are involved in this process, and the data are expected to serve many different purposes beside patient care. This raises several ethical questions regarding privacy, data ownership, security and confidentiality. It is vital to consider patients' moral attitudes and preferences in this digital information exchange. The voice of vulnerable patients is rarely heard in research addressing these questions. This study aims to address this void.MethodFourteen vulnerable patients without prior experience with patient portal systems were interviewed for this study. First, participants were introduced to the portal and given time to read their personal medical data. Afterwards, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed thematically to explore participants' first experience with the portal and their views on sharing medical information with care providers and other parties.ResultsData analysis resulted in four themes: barriers to and benefits of portal access, emotional responses to reading medical information, diverging views on sharing information with third parties and balancing granular control and the best possible care. First, participants appreciated access to their health information in the portal despite experiencing obstacles. Second, reading medical information online could evoke emotional responses. Third, patients were generally unaware of the meaning and value of medical data to third parties, resulting in inconsistent views on data sharing. Finally, although patients generally supported granular control, they were willing to give up on their autonomy if that would ensure them to receive the best possible care.ConclusionsPatient portal design should take into consideration the obstacles that discourage vulnerable patients' access and hamper meaningful use. There is a need for more transparency on secondary use of medical data by third parties. Patients should be better informed about the potential consequences of sharing data with them.
Saccharolysis of laccase delignified Aloe vera leaf rind and fermentation through free and immobilized yeast for ethanol production
Authors: Rajeswari Gunasekaran , Jacob Samuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAloe vera gel has found prominent application in food, therapeutic and cosmetics manufacturing that eventually increased the generation of leaf rind as processing waste. This biomass was previously delignified by laccase to have better accessibility of holocellulose and an attempt has been made through this study to optimize enzymatic hydrolysis using crude cellulase (5.25 [U/ml]) produced from Aspergillus sp. A maximum saccharification of 63.00 ± 0.45% was achieved under the optimum conditions (solid‐to‐liquid ratio 1:17 [wt/vol], 53°C and 8.5 hr) with sugar yield of 309 ± 2.1 mg/g. Fermentation of saccharified liquid to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) was performed using three different modes of inoculum application such as free cell suspension; Ca‐alginate immobilized yeast suspension and immobilized yeast loaded in a packed bed reactor (PBR) under uniform process conditions. Immobilized yeast in PBR has resulted in maximum ethanol yield of about 16.50 ± 1.02 g/L with a fermentation efficiency of 76.14%.Practical applicationIn a global scenario of diminishing resources, there is dire need to establish the cradle‐to‐grave approach for each of industrial operations. Especially, with food processing industries and its waste management this became truly inevitable, as these wastes are rich in nutrient and perishable in nature. On the other hand, it could also serve as a potent source for value added products. Thus, the utilization of Aloe vera (AV) leaf rind to produce bioethanol could underpin the AV gel processing industries toward circular bioeconomy as an option of waste to wealth. The methodology followed to develop this technology is a complete green approach where there is no requirement of chemicals and harsh reagents that remain recalcitrant postprocessing. Adoption of this technology could add value to the sustainable goals and reduce the carbon footprint of the food processing industrial operations.
Proton pump inhibitors use and the risk of fatty liver disease: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Pyo Jeung Hui , Kim Tae Jun , Lee Hyuk , Choi Sung Chul , Cho Soo‐Jin , Choi Yoon‐Ho , Min Yang Won , Min Byung‐Hoon , Lee Jun Haeng , Kang Minwoong , Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Jae J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimProton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐induced hypochondria can change the composition of the gut microbiota, inducing overgrowth of small bowel bacteria, which has been suggested to promote the development of fatty liver disease through the gut‐liver axis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between PPI use and the risk of fatty liver disease.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort, a nationwide population‐based representative sample, from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2015. PPI use was identified from treatment claims and considered as a time‐varying variable.ResultsDuring 1 463 556 person‐years of follow‐up, 75 727 patients had at least one PPI prescription, and 3735 patients developed fatty liver disease. The hazard ratio for fatty liver disease comparing PPI users with non‐PPI users was 1.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.61–1.75). When adjusted for multiple confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, income level, and comorbidities, the association was still significant (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–1.57). After considering the amounts of PPIs stratified by cumulative defined daily dose, the dose–response effect was observed until 180 days. Subgroup analysis also revealed that PPI use was correlated to an increased risk of fatty liver disease.ConclusionsThis current national wide cohort study suggests that PPI use was associated with an increased risk of fatty liver disease compared with non‐use of PPIs. Clinicians should consider fatty liver as a potential risk when prescribing PPI.
Erythrocyte viscoelastic recovery after liver transplantation in a cirrhotic patient affected by spur cell anaemia
Authors: LEO M. , DI GIACINTO F. , NARDINI M. , MAZZINI A. , ROSSI C. , PORCEDDU E. , PAPI M. , GRIECO A. , DE SPIRITO M. , CIASCA G. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn physiological conditions, red blood cells (RBCs) are capable of dramatic deformations when passing through the microvasculature. This extreme deformability is closely related to the RBC biconcave shape, to the fluidic nature of the haemoglobin and the cell membrane structure, primarily consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with an underlying two‐dimensional spectrin network. In many pathological and inflammatory conditions, the shape and the extreme deformability of erythrocytes appear to be significantly altered. These findings have stimulated intense research towards the search and validation of novel erythrocyte‐based mechanical biomarkers, useful for disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring. In this study, we investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the mechanical properties of erythrocytes obtained from a 68 years old cirrhotic man diagnosed with spur cell anaemia and cold agglutinated disease, before and after liver transplantation. Mechanical changes are compared with ultrastructural alterations as studied by scanning electron microscopy and discussed according to confocal fluorescence microscopy results, showing possible alterations induced by the cirrhotic environment at the level of the RBCs cytoskeletal organisation and lipidic composition. Taken together, the results here presented show that liver transplantation not only contributes to restoring the proper RBC morphology, but it also induces recovery of the physiological viscous behaviour of cells, further stressing the relevance of viscous and dissipative forces in determining the RBC biomechanical response.
Adaptation of the parent readiness for hospital discharge scale with mothers of preterm infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Salmani Naiire , Zare Marvast Marzieh , Kahdouei Somayeh , Weiss Marianne E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of a new Persian translation of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale.BackgroundGlobally, one in 10 newborns are born preterm and many require care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A primary role of NICU nurses is to assure parents are well prepared to take their newborns home from the hospital. Assessment of parent perception of discharge readiness provides important input into discharge decisions. The availability of reliable and valid instruments tested within the geographical and cultural context is needed for a comprehensive assessment of predischarge readiness, so that parent needs can be identified and the necessary interventions designed and implemented.DesignThis psychometrics study included a convenience sample of 200 mothers with preterm infants being discharged from the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. The original 29‐item version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale—Parent questionnaire was translated into Persian using the standard forward–backward method. Face, content and construct validity (principal components analysis), and reliability (internal consistency—Cronbach's alpha) were assessed. Methods followed STROBE criteria as applicable (see Appendix S1).ResultsThe content validity index and content validity ratio were both 0.93. Construct validity testing identified 6 factors (mother and infant physical–psychological readiness, expected support, knowledge of future events and care, knowledge of infant personal care, pain and therapeutic interventions). Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the whole instrument was estimated to be 0.87.ConclusionThe Persian Readiness for Hospital Discharge—Parental Form for use with mothers of preterm infants being discharged from an Iranian NICU has acceptable validity and reliability.Relevance to PracticeThis tool can be used before discharge to determine the needs of mothers and design the necessary measures to improve quality of discharge care.
The effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on the interaction network of vaginal microbiome
Authors: Liang Xinyuan , Li Zhe , Tye Kian Deng , Chen Yuyi , Luo Huijuan , Xiao Xiaomin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the vaginal microbiome and provide the effective evidences for clinical management of pregnant women.MethodsA total of 28 healthy pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation were enrolled. The women were divided randomly to the probiotic group where they were prescribed with 2 g combined probiotics daily (13 cases) during the third trimester of pregnancy or to the control group (15 cases) on a voluntary basis. Their vaginal samples were taken for analyzing microbiome with the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of V4 region.ResultsThere was no significant difference on the clinical characteristics between the probiotic and control groups. The complexity of vaginal microbial network increased from 32 weeks of gestation to antepartum. Lactobacillus was the dominant microbiota. The probiotic supplementation had no obvious influence on the structure of the vaginal microbiome, whereas the relationships of some pivotal vaginal microbiota at the genus level changed in the probiotic group.ConclusionThe vaginal microbiome varied during the third trimester of pregnancy. The features of the vaginal microbiota after probiotic supplementation had shifted and the interaction network had the tendency to be loose. The probiotic supplementation may be useful in regulating the interaction network of vaginal microbiome.
Long‐Distance Mothering in Urban Kenya
Authors: Cotton Cassandra , Beguy Donatien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the long‐distance mothering strategies of migrant women living in urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya.BackgroundThroughout sub‐Saharan Africa, migration has had a profound influence on family life. As women's migration increases, particularly to urban slums, mothers may choose to live apart from children, fostering them to kin. Though fostering is common in many African countries, the unique characteristics of separation due to maternal migration may result in development of long‐distance mothering strategies to maintain mother–child relationships over time and space.MethodForty‐seven in‐depth interviews with mothers living in two Nairobi slums were analyzed to explore key strategies women use to maintain relationships with children who live elsewhere, examining the importance women place on sustaining relationships through financial and emotional support, and whether long‐distance mothering is sufficient.ResultsEfforts to maintain mother–child relationships over time and space are integral to many migrant women's understanding of themselves as mothers. Commitments to provide financially, as well as frequent communication and visits to ensure emotional well‐being of children, are described as key strategies to sustain relationships, whether separations are short term or permanent. For many mothers, however, these long‐distance efforts are viewed as insufficient forms of mothering, even in a context where child fostering is relatively normalized.ConclusionThese long‐distance strategies may reflect a more nuanced approach to fostering or greater flexibility in fostering arrangements when mothers migrate, where frequent contact and financial support play an important role in maintaining mother–child relationships rather than shifting emotional and financial care to foster parents.
Expanding Research on Working Women More Globally: Identifying and Remediating Current Blindspots
Authors: Traylor Allison M. , Ng Linnea C. , Corrington Abby , Skorinko Jeanine L. M. , Hebl Michelle R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite numerous calls for more culturally diverse research on women and work, research continues to predominantly study Western and developed countries. In this article, we summarize 10 critical blindspots in existing research. These 10 blind spots are (1) a narrow conceptualization of what work means, (2) limited access to educational and training opportunities, (3) underexamined barriers to employment, (4) pay inequities and unpaid work, (5) disparate views of sexual harassment and its acceptability in the workplace, (6) gender‐based discrimination in the work environment, (7) an absence in addressing menstrual‐related issues that impede women's success, (8) unaddressed issues with a work‐life interface, (9) a lack of support for working parents, and (10) a lack of legal protection for working women. We define what these issues are, what research exists, and why these blind spots are necessary to address in order to understand women at work across global contexts. We discuss how the research published in this issue of the Journal of Social Issues addresses some of these topics, and suggest how research can continue to advance our knowledge.
Multidisciplinary approach to paediatric aerodigestive disorders: A single‐centre longitudinal observational study
Authors: Fuladi Amol , Suresh Sadasivam , Thomas Rahul , Wong Matthew , Schilling Sandra , Ee Looi , Choo Kelvin , Bourke Christopher , McBride Craig , Masters Brent I , Kapur Nitin 
Published: September 2020

AimAerodigestive clinics (ADCs) are multidisciplinary programmes for the care of children with complex congenital or acquired conditions affecting breathing, swallowing and growth. Our objective was to describe the demographic, clinical, etiological and investigational profile of children attending the inaugural ADC at a tertiary paediatric centre in Queensland.MethodsChildren referred to the ADC at Queensland Children's Hospital from August 2018 to December 2019 were included. Data on clinical, growth and lung function parameters, bronchoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings, thoracic imaging and comorbidities were retrospectively analysed.ResultsFifty‐six children (median (range) age 4 years (3 months–15 years); 18 female) attended the ADC during this 17‐month period. Forty‐six (82%) children had previous oesophageal atresia with tracheo‐oesophageal fistula; 43 of these were type C. Previous isolated oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital pulmonary malformation were the underlying disorder in three (5%) children each, with one child having a repaired laryngeal cleft. Vertebral Anal Tracheo Esophageal Renal Limb anomalies (VACTERL)/Vertebral Anal Tracheo Esophageal renal anomalies (VATER) association was seen in 21 (38%) children. Growth was adequate (median weight and body mass index z‐score −0.63 and −0.48, respectively). Thirty‐four (61%) children reported ongoing wet cough, with 12 (21%) requiring previous hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. Fourteen (25%) had bronchiectasis on computed tomography chest and 33 (59%) had clinical tracheomalacia, apparent on bronchoscopic examination in 21 patients. Dysphagia was reported in 15 (27%) children, 11 (20%) were gastrostomy feed‐dependent and 5 (9%) had biopsy‐proven eosinophilic oesophagitis.ConclusionHigh proportion of children attending the ADC have ongoing respiratory symptoms resulting in chronic pulmonary suppuration and bronchiectasis. Potential benefits of this model of care need to be studied prospectively to better understand the outcomes.
Association between consumption of edible seaweeds and newly diagnosed non‐alcohol fatty liver disease: The TCLSIH Cohort Study
Authors: Li Huiping , Gu Yeqing , Wu Xiaohui , Rayamajhi Sabina , Bian Shanshan , Zhang Qing , Meng Ge , Liu Li , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Yawen , Zhang Tingjing , Wang Xuena , Thapa Amrish , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & aimsSeaweeds are rich sources of anti‐oxidants and anti‐inflammatory properties, which are beneficial to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether seaweed consumption is associated with NAFLD is unknown. We investigated the association of seaweed consumption with newly diagnosed NAFLD in a large‐scale adult population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 24 572 participants aged over 18 years. NAFLD was diagnosed by results of liver ultrasonography and alcohol intake. Dietary information was assessed using a validated and standardized 100‐item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between seaweed consumption and NAFLD.ResultsThe prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD was 20.1%. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of newly diagnosed NAFLD across seaweed consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) for <1 time/wk, 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) for 1 time/wk, and 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) for >1 times/wk (P for trend < .001). Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across extreme quartiles was 0.77 (0.66, 0.91) in non‐obese participants and 1.02 (0.79, 1.33) in obese participants (P for interaction < .001).ConclusionSeaweed consumption is negatively associated with NAFLD, especially in non‐obese participants.
Blood deprivation and heat stress increase mortality in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) exposed to insect pathogenic fungi or desiccant dust
Authors: Rukke B. A. , Salma U. , Birkemoe T. , Aak A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) have returned as a nuisance pest in the last 20 years. Different bed bug control measures in combination have not been thoroughly studied, although induction of multiple stressors may improve extermination. The effects of heat stress only, heat stress followed by exposure to insect pathogenic fungi, and heat stress followed by exposure to desiccant dust on starved and blood‐fed bed bugs were investigated. Five days at 22 °C (control), 32 °C, 34 °C, or 36 °C (heat stress) did not cause mortality in adults. However, their starved first instar nymphs produced after heat stress suffered mortalities of 33%, 56% and 100%, respectively. Exposure to insect pathogenic fungi after heat stress increased the mortality of adults and their progeny compared to exposure to fungi without heat stress. The beneficial effects of heat stress were not observed in blood‐fed bed bugs. Desiccant dust killed all nymphs within 2 days and all adults within 3 days regardless of previous heat stress, but survival time was prolonged by access to blood. This study highlights the advantage of combining different methods in pest management, and points to heat stress combined with blood deprivation as possible management elements to increase the control success.
Attributable mortality of candidemia after introduction of echinocandins
Authors: Cornely Florian B. , Cornely Oliver A. , Salmanton‐García Jon , Koehler Felix C. , Koehler Philipp , Seifert Harald , Wingen‐Heimann Sebastian , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObjectivesCandidemia is among the most frequent nosocomial bloodstream infections. Landmark case‐control studies on amphotericin B and fluconazole estimated attributable mortality rates of 38% and 49%, respectively. After introduction of echinocandins, these may have decreased.MethodsIn a case‐control design, 100 consecutive, hospitalised patients with candidemia were enrolled at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany between 2014 and 2017. Controls were patients without candidemia matched for age, sex, year and duration of hospitalisation, main admission diagnosis and Patient Clinical Complexity Level (PCCL). Main data captured were risk factors for candidemia, attributable mortality rates and diagnostic and therapeutic adherence according to the EQUAL Candida score.ResultsOverall mortality rates for cases and controls were 43% and 17% (P < .001), respectively; day 30 mortality rates were 38% and 11% (P = .03), accounting for an attributable mortality of 26% and 27%. Guideline adherence was higher in surviving vs non‐surviving patients: while survivors reached a median of 17 (IQR: 16‐19) points, non‐surviving cases reached a median 16 (IQR: 14‐18) points out of 22 maximum achievable points (P = .028). Risk factors for candidemia were more frequent in cases compared to control patients, especially chronic pulmonary disease (25% vs 16%; P = n.s.), chronic liver disease (21% vs 6%; P = .002), stay on intensive care unit (70% vs 64%; P = n.s.), respiratory failure (56% vs 50%; P = n.s.) and central venous catheter (97% vs 35%; P < .001).ConclusionsAttributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia is still substantial but has decreased compared to previous studies with similar design.