bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA barcodes expose unexpected diversity in Canadian mites
Authors: Young Monica R. , Proctor Heather C. , deWaard Jeremy R. , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMites (Arachnida: Acariformes, Parasitiformes) are the most abundant and species‐rich group of arthropods in soil, but are also diverse in freshwater habitats, on plants, and as symbionts of larger animals. However, assessment of their diversity has been impeded by their small size and often cryptic morphology. As a consequence, published estimates of their species richness span more than two orders of magnitude (0.4–114 million). In this study we employ DNA barcoding and the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system to investigate mite diversity at over 1,800 sites across Canada, primarily from soil and litter habitats with smaller contributions from freshwater, plants, and animal hosts. Barcodes from 73,394 specimens revealed 7,077 BINs with representatives from all four orders (Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Trombidiformes) and 60% (186) of the known families. The BIN total is 2.4 times the number of species previously recorded from Canada (2,999), reflecting the unexpectedly high richness of several families. Richness projections suggest that more than 28,000 BINs occur at the sampled locations, indicating that the Canadian mite fauna almost certainly includes more than 30,000 species—a total similar to that for the most diverse insect order in Canada, Diptera. This unexpected diversity was partitioned into highly dissimilar, spatially‐structured assemblages that likely reflect dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity. Further sampling of a greater diversity of habitats will refine understanding of mite diversity in Canada, but similar analyses in other geographic regions will be essential to ascertain their diversity at a global scale.
The challenge of keeping it off, a descriptive systematic review of high‐quality, follow‐up studies of obesity treatments
Authors: Nordmo Morten , Danielsen Yngvild Sørebø , Nordmo Magnus 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review is to answer the question: Is substantial, stable, and long‐term weight loss a viable goal for adults with obesity? To answer this question, we conducted a broad systematic search of non‐surgical and non‐pharmacological obesity treatment studies with the following strict criteria: (a) minimum 3‐year follow‐up, (b) 5% body mass lost, (c) no continued interventions in the follow‐up‐period, (d) prospective design, and (e) less than 30% attrition from the start of the follow‐up period. While the search revealed a very large number of published articles, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Several of the nonincluded studies report a majority of participants achieving satisfactory weight loss and little regain, especially among studies with continued interventions during the follow‐up period. In contrast, the eight high‐quality studies included in this study demonstrate a trend of weight regain towards pretreatment baseline. This review concludes that the majority of high‐quality follow‐up treatment studies of individuals with obesity are not successful in maintaining weight loss over time. The results suggest that excess weight can be lost but is likely regained over time, for the majority of participants.
Characterization and immunostimulatory activity of extracellular vesicles from Filifactor alocis
Authors: Kim Hyun Young , Lim Younggap , An Sun‐Jin , Choi Bong‐Kyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFilifactor alocis, a gram‐positive, obligate anaerobic rod, is an emerging periodontal pathogen that is frequently isolated from patients with periodontitis, peri‐implantitis, and apical periodontitis. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from gram‐negative periodontal pathogens, so‐called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), harbor various effector molecules responsible for inducing host inflammatory responses. However, there are no reports of EVs from F. alocis. In this study, we purified and characterized the protein profiles of EVs from F. alocis and investigated their immunostimulatory activity on human monocytic THP‐1 and human oral keratinocyte HOK‐16B cell lines. Highly pure EVs were obtained from F. alocis using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that F. alocis EVs were between 50 and 270 nm in diameter. Proteome analysis identified 28 proteins, including lipoproteins, autolysins, F. alocis complement inhibitor (FACIN), transporter‐related proteins, metabolism‐related proteins, and ribosomal proteins. Human cytokine array analysis showed that F. alocis EVs remarkably induced the expression of CCL1, CCL2, MIP‐1, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10, ICAM‐1, IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, MIF, SerpinE, and TNF‐α in THP‐1 cells and CXCL1, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in HOK‐16B cells. The immunostimulatory activity of F. alocis EVs was similar to that of the whole bacterial cells. Our findings provide new insight into the role of EVs from gram‐positive oral bacteria in periodontal diseases.
Severe chronic kidney disease is associated with poor survival after initial CRT‐defibrillator tachyarrhythmia therapy
Authors: Adelstein Evan C. , Saba Samir , Jain Sandeep , Wang Norman C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) recipients who receive appropriate device therapies have limited survival, and survival benefit in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been questioned. We examined the association between CKD and survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)‐defibrillator tachyarrhythmia therapies.MethodsWe compared overall survival after appropriate shocks or anti‐tachycardia pacing in 439 CRT‐defibrillator recipients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, non‐right bundle‐branch block QRS pattern, and QRS duration >130 ms according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at implant, including 31 patients with GFR ≤30, 164 patients with GFR 31‐60, and 244 patients with GFR >60. At least one shock occurred in 302 patients (24 with GFR ≤30, 102 with GFR 31‐60, and 176 with GFR >60). Serial echocardiograms were also compared.ResultsPatients were followed 64 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 29‐94) after implant, including 32 months (IQR: 12‐61) after first therapy. Time to first therapy or shock was similar across GFR groups. However, survival after first therapy declined directly with declining GFR (P < .001), with median postshock survival of 90 days for GFR ≤30 (95% confidence of interval [CI]: 0‐233), 612 days (95% CI: 365‐859) for GFR 31‐60, and 1672 days (95% CI: 1396‐1948) for GFR >60. Declining GFR category, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and increasing age were independently associated with increased postshock mortality. Echocardiographic response was similar across GFR groups and was not associated with post‐therapy survival.ConclusionsSurvival after appropriate tachyarrhythmia therapies, particularly shocks, is attenuated in patients with GFR ≤30. This raises concern over potential lack of survival benefit conferred by CRT‐defibrillators versus CRT‐pacemakers in this population.
Endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae promotes lateral root growth by producing indole derivatives after sensing plant signals
Authors: Sun Xun , Wang Ning , Li Ping , Jiang Zhiyan , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Mengcen , Su Zhenzhu , Zhang Chulong , Lin Fucheng , Liang Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae was initially isolated from wild rice (Oryza granulata) and colonizes many crop species and promotes plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying F. oryzae‐mediated growth promotion are still unknown. We found that F. oryzae was able to colonize Arabidopsis thaliana. The most dramatic change after F. oryzae inoculation was observed in the root architecture, as evidenced by increased lateral root growth but reduced primary root length, similar to the effect of auxin, a significant plant growth hormone. The expression of genes responsible for auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signalling was regulated in Arabidopsis roots after F. oryzae cocultivation. Indole derivatives were detected at significantly higher levels in liquid media after cocultivation compared with separate cultivation of Arabidopsis and F. oryzae. Consistently, the expression of indole biosynthetic genes was highly upregulated in F. oryzae upon treatment with Arabidopsis exudates. Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression at the early stage after F. oryzae cocultivation suggested that signals were exchanged to initiate Arabidopsis–F. oryzae interactions. All these results suggest that signalling molecules from Arabidopsis roots are perceived by F. oryzae and induce the biosynthesis of indole derivatives in F. oryzae, consequently stimulating Arabidopsis lateral root growth.
Molybdate toxicity in Chinese cabbage is not the direct consequence of changes in sulphur metabolism
Authors: Zuidersma E. I. , Ausma T. , Stuiver C. E. E. , Prajapati D. H. , Hawkesford M. J. , De Kok L. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In polluted areas, plants may be exposed to supra‐optimal levels of the micronutrient molybdenum. The physiological basis of molybdenum phytotoxicity is poorly understood. Plants take up molybdenum as molybdate, which is a structural analogue of sulphate. Therefore, it is presumed that elevated molybdate concentrations may hamper the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulphate, which may induce sulphur deficiency.

In the current research, Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) seedlings were exposed to 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm Na2MoO4 for 9 days.

Leaf chlorosis and a decreased plant growth occurred at concentrations ≥100 μm. Root growth was more affected than shoot growth. At ≥100 μm Na2MoO4, the sulphate uptake rate and capacity were increased, although only when expressed on a root fresh weight basis. When expressed on a whole plant fresh weight basis, which corrects for the impact of molybdate on the shoot‐to‐root ratio, the sulphate uptake rate and capacity remained unaffected. Molybdate concentrations ≥100 μm altered the mineral nutrient composition of plant tissues, although the levels of sulphur metabolites (sulphate, water‐soluble non‐protein thiols and total sulphur) were not altered. Moreover, the levels of nitrogen metabolites (nitrate, amino acids, proteins and total nitrogen), which are generally strongly affected by sulphate deprivation, were not affected. The root water‐soluble non‐protein thiol content was increased, and the tissue nitrate levels decreased, only at 200 μm Na2MoO4.

Evidently, molybdenum toxicity in Chinese cabbage was not due to the direct interference of molybdate with the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulphate.
Overview of Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and association with fertility in female cattle
Authors: Alward Kayla J. , Bohlen Jillian F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of early‐antral follicles found on the ovary. After production, it enters circulation and can be detected from a blood sample with an ELISA. Multiple works have found that circulating AMH is a reliable marker of the antral follicle population (AFP) of an animal as well as directly correlated to an animal's response to a superovulation protocol. Research has also found high repeatability within an animal's oestrous cycle. Further use of AMH may be valuable as a reproductive management tool, based on previous research linking productive life with circulating AMH in heifers and success to various breeding protocols by AMH concentration. The aim of this review was to summarize previous works describing basic function of AMH as well as explore recent research examining AMH as a reproductive tool and measurement of fertility in dairy animals.
When a pedodontic examination leads to the diagnosis of osteopetrosis: A case report
Authors: Athanasiadou Eirini , Vlachou Christina , Theocharidou Apostolina , Tilaveridis Ioannis , Vargiami Efthimia , Antoniadis Konstantinos , Arapostathis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/aimOsteopetrosis is an inherited disease characterized by increased bone density. Its genetic variability results in various phenotype expressions, whereas clinically are classified in three types: malignant infantile, intermediate and adult. The various oral manifestations of the disease give a crucial role to the pediatric dentists in diagnosis.Case presentationA 7‐year‐old girl with persistent swelling on right cheek visited a pedodontic clinic. After extra‐ and intra‐oral examination/findings, the patient was referred for further investigation concerning a possible general pathological background. An extraction, included in the initial dental treatment plan, led to the diagnosis of osteopetrosis. Various medical examinations co‐led to the diagnosis of osteopetrosis but without genetic identification. Extractions of carious teeth, under general anesthesia, and full cover or sealants, on chair, of unaffected teeth were conducted respectively to minimize the microbial load and to prevent from osteomyelitis relapse and new caries. Two more general anesthesia sessions took place due to relapse of lower jaw osteomyelitis. Follow‐up was conducted every 3 months for 2 years.ConclusionOsteopetrosis’ diagnosis can be triggered by its oral manifestations (rampant caries, osteonecrosis, enamel defects, malformed roots/crowns, missing teeth), for which the pediatric dentist could be the first observer. Management of these patients needs multidisciplinary approach and follow‐up appointments should be very frequent.
Pain appraisal and quality of life in 108 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Larice Sara , Ghiggia Ada , Di Tella Marialaura , Romeo Annunziata , Gasparetto Eleonora , Fusaro Enrico , Castelli Lorys , Tesio Valentina 
Published: November 2019

Individual differences in emotional functioning, pain appraisal processing, and perceived social support may play a relevant role in the subjective experience of pain. Due to the paucity of data regarding individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the present study aimed to examine pain intensity, emotional functioning (psychological distress and alexithymia), pain appraisal (pain beliefs, pain catastrophizing, and pain‐related coping strategies) and social support, and their relationships with the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with RA. Data were collected from 108 female patients diagnosed with RA. Clinically relevant levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms assessed by the HADS subscales were present in 34% and 41% of the patients, respectively, and about 24% of them exhibited the presence of alexithymia. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that pain intensity, alexithymia, the maladaptive beliefs regarding the stability of pain and the coping strategy of guarding explained 54% of the variance in the physical component of HRQoL (p < 0.001). Depression subscale of the HADS, alexithymia, the coping strategy of resting, and the rumination factor of pain catastrophizing significantly explained 40% of the variance in the mental component of HRQoL (p < 0.001). The present findings provide evidence regarding the importance of emotional functioning and pain appraisal in the negative impact of RA on patients’ quality of life. These findings provide additional evidence for the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain, further supporting the complex interaction between emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes in patients with chronic pain.
Sarcolipin expression in human skeletal muscle: Influence of energy balance and exercise
Authors: Morales‐Alamo David , Martinez‐Canton Miriam , Gelabert‐Rebato Miriam , Martin‐Rincon Marcos , de Pablos‐Velasco Pedro , Holmberg Hans‐Christer , Calbet Jose A. L. 
Published: November 2019

Sarcolipin (SLN) is a SERCA uncoupling protein associated with exercise performance and lower adiposity in mice. To determine SLN protein expression in human skeletal muscle and its relationship with adiposity, resting energy expenditure (REE), and performance, SLN was assessed by Western blot in 199 biopsies from two previous studies. In one study, 15 overweight volunteers underwent a pretest followed by 4 days of caloric restriction and exercise (45‐minute one‐arm cranking + 8‐hour walking), and 3 days on a control diet. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the trained and non‐exercised deltoid, and vastus lateralis (VL). In another study, 16 men performed seven sessions of 4‐6 × 30‐sec all‐out sprints on the cycle ergometer with both limbs, and their VL and triceps brachii biopsied pre‐ and post‐training. SLN expression was twofold and 44% higher in the VL than in the deltoids and triceps brachii, respectively. SLN was associated with neither adiposity nor REE, and was not altered by a severe energy deficit (5500 kcal/day). SLN and cortisol changes after the energy deficit were correlated (r = .38, P = .039). SLN was not altered by low‐intensity exercise in the overweight subjects, whereas it was reduced after sprint training in the other group. The changes in SLN with sprint training were inversely associated with the changes in gross efficiency (r = −.59, P = .016). No association was observed between aerobic or anaerobic performance and SLN expression. In conclusion, sarcolipin appears to play no role in regulating the fat mass of men. Sprint training reduces sarcolipin expression, which may improve muscle efficiency.
Pathogen inactivation with amotosalen plus UVA illumination minimally impacts microRNA expression in platelets during storage under standard blood banking conditions
Authors: Arnason Niels Arni , Johannson Freyr , Landrö Ragna , Hardarsson Björn , Irsch Johannes , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Rolfsson Ottar , Sigurjonsson Olafur E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo reduce the risk of transfusion transmission infection, nucleic acid targeted methods have been developed to inactivate pathogens in PCs. miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in platelet function, and changes in the abundance of specific miRNAs during storage have been observed, as have perturbation effects related to pathogen inactivation (PI) methods. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of PI on selected miRNAs during storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a pool and split strategy, 3 identical buffy coat PC units were generated from a pool of 24 whole blood donors. Each unit received a different treatment: 1) Untreated platelet control in platelet additive solution (C‐PAS); 2) Amotosalen‐UVA‐treated platelets in PAS (PI‐PAS); and 3) untreated platelets in donor plasma (U‐PL). PCs were stored for 7 days under standard blood banking conditions. Standard platelet quality control (QC) parameters and 25 selected miRNAs were analyzed.RESULTSDuring the 7‐day storage period, differences were found in several QC parameters relating to PI treatment and storage in plasma, but overall the three treatments were comparable. Out of 25 miRNA tested changes in regulation of 5 miRNA in PI‐PAS and 3 miRNA U‐PL where detected compared to C‐PAS. A statistically significant difference was observed in down regulations miR‐96‐5p on Days 2 and 4, 61.9% and 61.8%, respectively, in the PI‐PAS treatment.CONCLUSIONAmotosalen‐UVA treatment does not significantly alter the miRNA profile of platelet concentrates generated and stored using standard blood banking conditions.
Exploring Arizona earth fissures: An anthropogenic geologic hazard
Authors: Carlson Grace , Carnes Lorraine K. , Cook Joseph P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Earth fissures are tensile surface cracks exposed at Earth’s surface. In Arizona, such fissures are predominantly found in the central and southeastern regions of the state, where they form in response to subsidence driven by groundwater pumping. Growth and erosion of these fissures often occurs during large monsoon storms, resulting in slumping and collapse of the fissure walls, propagation of the fissure head, as well as the development of gully networks out from the main fissure stem. Fissure initiation and propagation threaten existing infrastructure, can cause property damage, and increase the potential for groundwater contamination from surface pollutants. It is exceedingly important that these hazards be well understood, documented, and monitored.
The Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) founded the earth fissure program in 2007 to systematically identify, map, and monitor earth fissures in Arizona. Data are released through an interactive viewer (https://uagis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id = 98729f76e4644f1093d1c2cd6dabb584), which is regularly updated to show new fissures and growth of existing ones. Additionally, beginning in November 2018, repeated surveys of a series of large earth fissures in Apache Junction, Arizona, (50 km east of Phoenix) have been done using UAV-SfM (unmanned aerial vehicle–structure from motion) to better elucidate the processes controlling the short-term evolution of this geologic hazard.
This field trip will take us to two fissure locations in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. The first will be the Apache Junction earth fissure area, where we will be able to observe the large, dramatic scale of these features, as well as highlight the important role large monsoon storms have on fissure propagation and geomorphological changes. Furthermore, we will show how high-resolution topographic surveys provide a means for significant improvements to current mapping and monitoring efforts for assessing hazards related to earth fissures. The second site will be a fissure location just to the southwest of Apache Junction in Chandler Heights, Arizona, which we refer to as the “Queen Creek” earth fissure area. At this field-trip stop, we will show how fissure initiation and growth threaten human development, as well as describe the role the AZGS earth fissure program plays in identifying and monitoring these hazards.