bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying temperature-equilibrium time using temperature analysis inside a Farmer ionization chamber
Authors: Fuse Hiraku , Fujisaki Tatsuya , Abe Shinji , Yasue Kenji , Oyama Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we propose a methodology for temperature determination of the temperature and pressure correction factor, PTP, by analyzing the temperature distribution of the modeled ionization chamber taking into account the thermal effect of a water phantom on neighboring materials in the process. Additionally, we present an appropriate temperature-equilibrium time for conducting measurements. The temporal response in the cavity is acquired at 20-s intervals using a Farmer ionization chamber and an electrometer. The initial temperature of the water phantom is 20–25°C with continuous heating/cooling. The temporal response is measured until temperature equilibrium is confirmed, specifically when a temperature difference of 1–5°C is observed between the ionization chamber and the water phantom. Using an ionization-chamber model, temperature distribution is simulated between 20 and 25°C with various parameters set to receive heating and cooling from surrounding media. The results suggest that the temporal response of the ionization chamber essentially coincides with the temperature change at the tip and middle; moreover, the predicted temperature change for temporal response and the simulated temperature of water are different by ~0.16°C at the tip and ~0.79°C at the bottom. Overall, the temperature-equilibration time for absorbed dosimetry is affected by two factors: the cavity wall and the stem side of the cavity; moreover, 400 s is required to obtain complete temperature equilibrium in the water phantom. This analytical study supports the experimental value obtained in previous research. Therefore, analytical representation of the temperature distribution in the ionization chamber is possible.
Recurrent acute pancreatitis caused by combined gastric and pancreatic duplications: value of preoperative CT and MRCP and conservative surgery
Authors: Hérin Edouard , Sauvanet Alain , Cros Jérome , Koulakian Hasmik , Lévy Philippe , Vullierme Marie Pierre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a series of patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis caused by a duplicated pancreatic head connected to a gastric duplication and successfully treated by conservative surgery. This retrospective study included consecutive adult patients referred to our institution for recurrent acute pancreatitis. All patients underwent a preoperative non-invasive imaging examination including contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The final diagnosis of this developmental anomaly was based on surgical and pathological examinations. The four patients in this study had the same typical imaging pattern including a duplicated duct. There was no recurrent acute pancreatitis after surgical treatment, which involved atypical resection of the duplicated pancreatic head and segmental gastric resection, without a Whipple procedure. The discovery of an accessory pancreatic head with a duct terminating in a cyst identified on MRCP in a patient with recurrent acute pancreatitis could suggest this rare and surgically treatable cause of acute pancreatitis.
Adenita: interactive 3D modelling and visualization of DNA nanostructures
Authors: de Llano Elisa , Miao Haichao , Ahmadi Yasaman , Wilson Amanda J , Beeby Morgan , Viola Ivan , Barisic Ivan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
DNA nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field, which increasingly attracts interest in many different disciplines, such as medicine, biotechnology, physics and biocomputing. The increasing complexity of novel applications requires significant computational support for the design, modelling and analysis of DNA nanostructures. However, current in silico design tools have not been developed in view of these new applications and their requirements. Here, we present Adenita, a novel software tool for the modelling of DNA nanostructures in a user-friendly environment. A data model supporting different DNA nanostructure concepts (multilayer DNA origami, wireframe DNA origami, DNA tiles etc.) has been developed allowing the creation of new and the import of existing DNA nanostructures. In addition, the nanostructures can be modified and analysed on-the-fly using an intuitive toolset. The possibility to combine and re-use existing nanostructures as building blocks for the creation of new superstructures, the integration of alternative molecules (e.g. proteins, aptamers) during the design process, and the export option for oxDNA simulations are outstanding features of Adenita, which spearheads a new generation of DNA nanostructure modelling software. We showcase Adenita by re-using a large nanorod to create a new nanostructure through user interactions that employ different editors to modify the original nanorod.
Advances in nanomaterials for treatment of hypoxic tumor
Authors: Zou Mei-Zhen , Liu Wen-Long , Chen Han-Shi , Bai Xue-Feng , Gao Fan , Ye Jing-Jie , Cheng Han , Zhang Xian-Zheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hypoxic tumor microenvironment is characterized by disordered vasculature and rapid proliferation of tumors, resulting from tumor invasion, progression and metastasis. The hypoxic conditions restrict efficiency of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy and immunotherapy, leading to serious results of tumor recurrence and high mortality. Recently, research has concentrated on developing functional nanomaterials to treat hypoxic tumors. In this review, we categorize such nanomaterials into (i) nanomaterials that elevate oxygen levels in tumors for enhanced oxygen-dependent tumor therapy and (ii) nanomaterials with diminished oxygen dependence for hypoxic tumor therapy. To elevate oxygen levels in tumors, oxygen-carrying nanomaterials, oxygen-generating nanomaterials and oxygen-economizing nanomaterials can be used. To diminish oxygen dependence of nanomaterials for hypoxic tumor therapy, therapeutic gas-generating nanomaterials and radical-generating nanomaterials can be used. The biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of these nanomaterials are discussed.
The quality of e-fit notes issued in secondary care
Authors: Harrison S , Dorrington S , Parsons V , Shah S G S , Madan I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Few data are available on the pattern of use of fit notes issued in secondary care settings.

Aims
To evaluate the pattern and quality of e-fit notes issued in an NHS Trust.

Methods
Anonymized data on patients admitted to Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (London, UK) who had an e-fit note issued from 1 January to 31 August 2017 were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Thematic analysis was used to group the free-text comments into distinct categories and themes.

Results
A total of 815 fit notes were issued during the study period. A total of 659 (81%) fit notes advised that patients were ‘not fit’ for work, whilst 156 (19%) advised that they ‘may be fit’ for work. The specialty with the highest proportion of patients assessed as may be fit was plastic surgery 46/104 (44%), whilst the lowest was ear, nose and throat surgery 0/57 (0%). The majority 151/156 (97%) of fit notes which advised that patients may be fit for work used the tick-box sections on the fit note to recommend work modifications. Of the free-text comments in section 4 of the ‘may be fit’ e-fit notes issued, 91/114 (80%) were related to the functional ability of patients.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that doctors in secondary care are more willing to use the ‘may be fit’ option on the fit note than primary care practitioners. Most fit notes, which advised that a patient may be fit for work, suggested workplace modifications.
Two Hundred Twenty-Six Consecutive Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes Placed Using an “Asleep” Technique and the Neuro|MateTM Robot for the Treatment of Movement Disorders
Authors: Moran Catherine , Sarangmat Nagaraja , Gerard Carter S , Barua Neil , Ashida Reiko , Woolley Max , Pietrzyk Mariusz , Gill Steven S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Robotics in neurosurgery has demonstrated widening indications and rapid growth in recent years. Robotic precision and reproducibility are especially pertinent to the field of functional neurosurgery. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires accurate placement of electrodes in order to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. In addition, asleep techniques demand clear target visualization and immediate on-table verification of accuracy.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the surgical technique of asleep DBS surgery using the Neuro|MateTM Robot (Renishaw plc, Wotton-under-Edge, United Kingdom) and examine the accuracy of DBS lead placement in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for the treatment of movement disorders.

METHODS
A single-center retrospective review of 113 patients who underwent bilateral STN/Zona Incerta electrode placement was performed. Accuracy of implantation was assessed using 5 measurements, Euclidian distance, radial error, depth error, angular error, and shift error.

RESULTS
A total of 226 planned vs actual electrode placements were analyzed. The mean 3-dimensional vector error calculated for 226 trajectories was 0.78 +/− 0.37 mm. The mean radial displacement off planned trajectory was 0.6 +/− 0.33 mm. The mean depth error, angular error, and shift error was 0.4 +/− 0.35 mm, 0.4 degrees, and 0.3 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSION
This report details our institution's method for DBS lead placement in patients under general anaesthesia using anatomical targeting without microelectrode recordings or intraoperative test stimulation for the treatment of movement disorders. This is the largest reported dataset of accuracy results in DBS surgery performed asleep. This novel robot-assisted operative technique results in sub-millimeter accuracy in DBS electrode placement.
Supply and demand shocks in the COVID-19 pandemic: an industry and occupation perspective
Authors: del Rio-Chanona R Maria , Mealy Penny , Pichler Anton , Lafond François , Farmer J Doyne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We provide quantitative predictions of first-order supply and demand shocks for the US economy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of individual occupations and industries. To analyse the supply shock, we classify industries as essential or non-essential and construct a Remote Labour Index, which measures the ability of different occupations to work from home. Demand shocks are based on a study of the likely effect of a severe influenza epidemic developed by the US Congressional Budget Office. Compared to the pre-COVID period, these shocks would threaten around 20 per cent of the US economy’s GDP, jeopardize 23 per cent of jobs, and reduce total wage income by 16 per cent. At the industry level, sectors such as transport are likely to be output-constrained by demand shocks, while sectors relating to manufacturing, mining, and services are more likely to be constrained by supply shocks. Entertainment, restaurants, and tourism face large supply and demand shocks. At the occupation level, we show that high-wage occupations are relatively immune from adverse supply- and demand-side shocks, while low-wage occupations are much more vulnerable. We should emphasize that our results are only first-order shocks—we expect them to be substantially amplified by feedback effects in the production network.
Association of Padua prediction score with in-hospital prognosis in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zeng D X , Xu J L , Mao Q X , Liu R , Zhang W Y , Qian H Y , Xu L 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Background
Nearly 20% novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have abnormal coagulation function. Padua prediction score (PPS) is a validated tools for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment. However, its clinical value in COVID-19 patients’ evaluation was unclear.

Methods
We prospectively evaluated the VTE risk of COVID-19 patients using PPS. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Association of PPS with 28-day mortality was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
Two hundred and seventy-four continuous patients were enrolled, with total mortality of 17.2%. Patients in high PPS group, with significantly abnormal coagulation, have a higher levels of interleukin 6 (25.27 vs. 2.55 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001), prophylactic anticoagulation rate (60.7% vs. 6.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and mortality (40.5% vs. 5.9%, P &lt; 0.001) when compared with that in low PPS group. Critical patients showed higher PPS (6 vs. 2 score, P &lt; 0.001) than that in severe patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality included high PPS [odds ratio (OR): 7.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.08–16.01], increased interleukin-6 (OR: 11.79, 95% CI: 5.45–26.20) and elevated d-dimer (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.15–12.15). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated patients with higher PPS had a significant survival disadvantage. Prophylactic anticoagulation in higher PPS patients shows a mild advantage of mortality but without statistical significance (37.1% vs. 45.7%, P = 0.42).

Conclusion
Higher PPS associated with in-hospital poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation showed a mild advantage of mortality in COVID-19 patients with higher PPS, but it remain to need further investigation.
Association of altered folylpolyglutamate synthetase pre-mRNA splicing with methotrexate unresponsiveness in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Muller Ittai B , Lin Marry , Lems Willem F , ter Wee Marieke M , Wojtuszkiewicz Anna , Nurmohamed Michael T , Cloos Jacqueline , Assaraf Yehuda G , Jansen Gerrit , de Jonge Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
An efficient pharmacological response to MTX treatment in RA patients relies on the retention and accumulation of intracellular MTX-polyglutamates catalysed by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). We recently identified a partial retention of FPGS intron 8 (8PR) as a prominent splice variant conferring FPGS dysfunction and decreased MTX polyglutamylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Here, we explored the association between FPGS 8PR levels and lack of MTX responsiveness in RA patients.

Methods
Thirty-six patients undergoing MTX treatment were enrolled from the Combinatie behandeling Reumatoide Artritis (COBRA)-light trial. RNA was isolated from blood samples at baseline, 13 weeks and 26 weeks of therapy, from patients in either COBRA-light (n = 21) or COBRA (n = 15) treatment arms. RT-qPCR analysis was used to assess RNA levels of FPGS 8PR over wild-type FPGS (8WT).

Results
In the COBRA-light treatment arm, higher baseline ratios of 8PR/8WT were significantly associated with higher 44-joint disease activity score (DAS44) at 13 and 26 weeks. Higher baseline ratios of 8PR/8WT also trended towards not obtaining low disease activity (DAS &lt;1.6) and becoming a EULAR non-responder at 13 and 26 weeks. In the COBRA-treatment arm, a significant association was observed between high baseline 8PR/8WT ratios and higher DAS44 score at 26 weeks. Higher 8PR/8WT ratios were associated with non-response at week 26 based on both low disease activity and EULAR criteria.

Conclusion
This study is the first to associate alterations in FPGS pre-mRNA splicing levels with reduced responsiveness to MTX treatment in RA patients.

Trial registration
ISRCTN55552928.
A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species
Authors: Monadjem Ara , Demos Terrence C , Dalton Desire L , Webala Paul W , Musila Simon , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C , Patterson Bruce D 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVespertilionidae (class Mammalia) constitutes the largest family of bats, with ~500 described species. Nonetheless, the systematic relationships within this family are poorly known, especially among the pipistrelle-like bats of the tribes Vespertilionini and Pipistrellini. Perhaps as a result of their drab pelage and lack of obvious morphological characters, the genus and species limits of pipistrelle-like bats remain poorly resolved, particularly in Africa, where more than one-fifth of all vesper bat species occur. Further exacerbating the problem is the accelerating description of new species within these groups. In this study, we attempt to resolve the systematic relationships among the pipistrelle-like bats of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar and provide a more stable framework for future systematic efforts. Our systematic inferences are based on extensive genetic and morphological sampling of &gt; 400 individuals covering all named genera and the majority of described African pipistrelle-like bat species, focusing on previously unstudied samples of East African bats. Our study corroborates previous work by identifying three African genera in Pipistrellini (Pipistrellus, Scotoecus and Vansonia), none of which is endemic to Africa. However, the situation is more complex in Vespertilionini. With broad taxonomic sampling, we confirm that the genus Neoromicia is paraphyletic, a situation that we resolve by assigning the species of Neoromicia to four genera. Neoromicia is here restricted to Neoromicia zuluensis and allied taxa. Some erstwhile Neoromicia species are transferred into an expanded Laephotis, which now includes both long-eared and short-eared forms. We also erect two new genera, one comprising a group of mostly forest-associated species (many of which have white wings) and the other for the genetically and morphologically unique banana bat. All four of these genera, as recognized here, are genetically distinct, have distinctive bacular morphologies and can be grouped by cranial morphometrics. We also demonstrate that the genus Nycticeinops, until now considered monospecific, includes both Afropipistrellus and the recently named Parahypsugo, thus representing the fifth African genus in Vespertilionini. A sixth genus, Hypsugo, is mostly extra-limital to sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, we describe three new species of pipistrelle-like bats from Kenya and Uganda, uncovered during the course of systematic bat surveys in the region. Such surveys are greatly needed across tropical Africa to uncover further bat diversity.
Just-in-Time Training in a Tertiary Referral Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Ragazzoni Luca , Barco Ambra , Echeverri Lina , Conti Andrea , Linty Monica , Caviglia Marta , Merlo Federico , Martini Daniela , Pirisi Alessandro , Weinstein Eric , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Della Corte Francesco 
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is threatening health systems worldwide, requiring extraordinary efforts to contain the virus and prepare health care systems for unprecedented situations. In this context, the entire health care workforce must be properly trained to guarantee an effective response. Just-in-time training has been an efficient solution for rapidly equipping health care workers with new knowledge, skills, and attitudes during emergencies; thus, it could also be an effective training technique in the context of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the unexpected magnitude of this health crisis, the health care workforce must be trained in 2 areas: (1) basic infection prevention and control, including public health skills that are the core of population-based health management and (2) disaster medicine principles, such as surge capacity, allocation of scarce resources, triage, and the ethical dilemmas of rationing medical care. This Perspective reports how just-in-time training concepts and methods were applied in a tertiary referral hospital in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy, one of the hardest hit places in the world.
The COVID-19 just-in-time training was designed to provide hospital staff with the competencies they need to work proficiently and safely inside the hospital, including an understanding of the working principles and standard operating procedures in place and the correct use of personal protective equipment. Moreover, this training was intended to address the basic principles of disaster medicine applied to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such training was essential in enabling staff to rapidly attain competencies that most of them lacked because disaster medicine and global health are not included in the curricula of Italian medical and nursing schools. Although a formal evaluation was not performed, this is a useful example of how to create just-in-time training in a large hospital during a crisis of an unprecedented scale.
Kocher–Langenbeck Approach for Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Cosgrove Christopher T. , Berkes Marschall B. , McAndrew Christopher M. , Miller Anna N. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Adequate surgical exposure is necessary for anatomical reduction and fixation of posterior wall acetabular fractures. This video demonstrates the Kocher–Langenbeck approach to the posterior acetabulum, as well as operative indications, surgical reduction and fixation techniques, and outcomes for posterior wall acetabular fractures.
Correction of Lateral Tibial Plateau Malunion
Authors: Probe Robert A. , Britten Tyler 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
The results of open reduction and internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures are generally favorable when articular morphology and stability are restored. When these goals of treatment are not achieved, limited function often results. The patient presented in this video complained of pain and an inability to resume his previous work. Evaluation suggested that root causes of these difficulties included widening of the plateau, significant depression of the articular surface, resultant valgus instability, and a displaced nonfunctioning lateral meniscus. This video demonstrates the planning and correction of a long-standing intraarticular malunion of a lateral tibial plateau fracture.
Bridge Plating for Comminuted Ulna Fractures
Authors: Swentik Andrew G. , Neiman Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Highly comminuted fractures of the forearm are challenging for orthopaedic surgeons to manage because of the functional importance of anatomic restoration of alignment while obtaining sufficient fixation. The use of spanning plate fixation to stabilize comminuted ulna shaft fractures allows the patient early range of motion, whereas maintaining appropriate alignment and maximizing the patient's chances for a good outcome. This video demonstrates a technique for treating a highly comminuted open forearm fracture using spanning or bridge plating techniques.
Displaced Radial Shaft Fracture: The Dorsal (Thompson) Approach to the Forearm
Authors: Shields Charlotte N. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
This video demonstrates a displaced radial shaft fracture repaired through a dorsal (Thompson) approach to the forearm. The patient is an 18-year-old man who sustained a left elbow dislocation and ipsilateral radial shaft fracture (OTA/AO: 22-B2) while playing basketball. The patient underwent a closed reduction of the elbow joint and was indicated for operative repair of the radius. Ultimate fixation included a compression plate and nonlocking screws through a dorsal approach to the radius. Anatomic reduction and stable fixation was obtained. The posterior interosseus nerve was identified and protected throughout the procedure. A dorsal (Thompson) approach to a radial shaft fracture is advantageous for fractures involving the proximal and middle-third of the radius. This approach can also be used when there is soft tissue damage (open wounds) on the dorsal aspect, which require debridement.
Surgical Correction of Finger Malrotation Secondary to Proximal Phalanx Malunions
Authors: Roebke Austin J. , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Proximal phalanx malunions resulting in malrotation can be functionally limiting to patients. Surgical correction allows for improvement in range of motion, function, and cosmesis. This video demonstrates surgical correction of finger malrotation secondary to a proximal phalanx malunion.