bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staging Real Sites: Tableau Vivant Photography in Nineteenth-Century China
Authors: Stuer Catherine 
Published: April 2020

Cet article analyse les premières photographies datées de Nanjing prises par des studios chinois et se penche sur des images mettant en scène des acteurs inconnus dans différents sites historiques à travers la ville. Il soutient que ces photos occupent une place privilégiée dans l’histoire de la photographie, tant en Chine que globalement, étant témoins d’un moment d’expérimentation qui cherchait à reconstituer ou « réaliser » l’identité lyrique de la topographie ancienne d’une ville à travers des performances mises en scène et in situ. Se présentant comme des manifestations non occidentales de photos de tableaux vivants, ces images nous permettent de poser un regard renouvelé sur les façons dont la photographie a représenté la différence et l’identité à travers le monde au XIXe siècle. Ainsi, ce corpus nous invite à revisiter les présupposés entourant la facture d’images par le médium photographique, dans des contextes tant locaux que globaux, à repenser les catégories analytiques et descriptives appliquées aux circuits de l’imagination photographique au XIXe siècle, et à réfléchir à son imbrication avec des iconographies préphotographiques de sites.
Liars are perceived as more credible than truth‐tellers who recall a repeated event
Authors: Deck Sarah L. , Paterson Helen M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryRecurring forms of abuse like domestic violence are unfortunately common. When an individual makes an allegation about their experience, however, there is rarely additional evidence to corroborate their claim. The veracity of the allegation is thus likely to be a central concern in subsequent proceedings. This experiment explored evaluator's perceptions of adults who were lying, or truthfully recalling a repeated event. In this experiment, participants observed a filmed interview of a speaker recalling an event they had experienced once, or a speaker recalling one instance of an event that they had experienced multiple times. Alternatively, some participants viewed an interview of a speaker who was lying about the event. Repeated‐event speakers were perceived as less credible than both single‐event speakers and liars. It is important that future research investigates ways to reduce the negative effect that the nature of memory for a repeated event has upon speakers' perceived credibility.
Does calling it “Morgan's way” reduce student learning? Evaluating the effect of person‐presentation during comparison and discussion of worked examples in mathematics classrooms
Authors: Loehr Abbey , Rittle‐Johnson Bethany , Durkin Kelley , Star Jon R. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMathematics textbooks sometimes present worked examples as being generated by particular fictitious students (i.e., person‐presentation). However, there are indicators that person‐presentation of worked examples may harm generalization of the presented strategies to new problems. In the context of comparing and discussing worked examples during extended classroom instruction, the current study compared the impact of person‐presentation to strategy labels on students' posttest accuracy and ratings of strategy generalizability. Five algebra teachers and their 168 students used worked examples either presented using fictitious students or with a strategy label during a multiweek unit on equation solving, with teachers randomly assigned to condition. All students compared and discussed the worked examples. In this context, we found no effect of condition on student accuracy at posttest, nor on their ratings of the generalizability of the presented strategies. We discuss why previously found negative effects of person‐presentation may not have extended to this context.
Two‐Dimensional Superstructures of Silica Cages
Authors: Aubert Tangi , Ma Kai , Tan Kwan W. , Wiesner Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite extensive studies on mesoporous silica since the early 1990s, the synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) silica nanostructures remains challenging. Here, mesoporous silica is synthesized at an interface between two immiscible solvents under conditions leading to the formation of 2D superstructures of silica cages, the thinnest mesoporous silica films synthesized to date. Orientational correlations between cage units increase with increasing layer number controlled via pH, while swelling with oil and mixed surfactants increase micelle size dispersity, leading to complex clathrate type structures in multilayer superstructures. The results suggest that a three‐dimensional (3D) crystallographic registry within cage‐like superstructures emerges as a result of the concerted 3D co‐assembly of the organic and inorganic components. Mesoporous 2D superstructures can be fabricated over macroscopic film dimensions and stacked on top of each other. The realization of previously inaccessible mesoporous silica heterostructures with separation or catalytic properties unachievable via conventional bulk syntheses is envisioned.
Recent Progress on Cellulose‐Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials
Authors: Yang Yang , Lu Yi‐Tung , Zeng Kui , Heinze Thomas , Groth Thomas , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlycans play important roles in all major kingdoms of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the Earth, plays a predominant role for mechanical stability in plants, and finds a plethora of applications by humans. Beyond traditional use, biomedical application of cellulose becomes feasible with advances of soluble cellulose derivatives with diverse functional moieties along the backbone and modified nanocellulose with versatile functional groups on the surface due to the native features of cellulose as both cellulose chains and supramolecular ordered domains as extractable nanocellulose. With the focus on ionic cellulose‐based compounds involving both these groups primarily for biomedical applications, a brief introduction about glycoscience and especially native biologically active glycosaminoglycans with specific biomedical application areas on humans is given, which inspires further development of bioactive compounds from glycans. Then, both polymeric cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose‐based compounds synthesized as versatile biomaterials for a large variety of biomedical applications, such as for wound dressings, controlled release, encapsulation of cells and enzymes, and tissue engineering, are separately described, regarding the diverse routes of synthesis and the established and suggested applications for these highly interesting materials.
Scanning Probing of the Tribovoltaic Effect at the Sliding Interface of Two Semiconductors
Authors: Zheng Mingli , Lin Shiquan , Xu Liang , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContact electrification (CE or triboelectrification) is a common phenomenon, which can occur for almost all types of materials. In previous studies, the CE between insulators and metals has been widely discussed, while CE involving semiconductors is only recently. Here, a tribo‐current is generated by sliding an N‐type diamond coated tip on a P‐type or N‐type Si wafers. The density of surface states of the Si wafer is changed by introducing different densities of doping. It is found that the tribo‐current between two sliding semiconductors increases with increasing density of surface states of the semiconductor and the sliding load. The results suggest that the tribo‐current is induced by the tribovoltaic effect, in which the electron–hole pairs at the sliding interface are excited by the energy release during friction, which may be due to the transition of electrons between the surface states during contact, or bond formation across the sliding interface. The electron–hole pairs at the sliding interface are subsequently separated by the built‐in electric field at the PN or NN heterojunctions, which results in a tribo‐current, in analogy to that which occurs in the photovoltaic effect.
1,2‐Diamine‐Derived (thio)Phosphoramide Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Michael Additions
Authors: Kozma Viktória , Fülöp Ferenc , Szőllősi György 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhosphoramides and thiophosphoramides were prepared from optically pure C2‐symmetric 1,2‐diamines and were used as chiral organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael additions of aldehydes and ketones to N‐substituted maleimides. The 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine derived thiophosphoramide, which could be prepared in good yield in a one‐step procedure, was found to be more active and selective catalyst in the addition of aldehydes to various maleimide derivatives, when compared to sulfonamides having the same backbone. Products resulted in reactions of ketones with maleimides were also obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities.The thiophosphoramide derivative was also efficient in the asymmetric conjugate addition of carbonyl compounds to β‐nitrostyrene and in the reaction of nitromethane with α,β‐unsaturated ketones.Based on results obtained with (thio)phosphoramides in asymmetric additions to maleimides it was suggested that a weaker, more flexible hydrogen‐bonding of the rigid electrophile to the catalyst is responsible for the improved performance of these bifunctional organocatalysts, as compared with sulfonamides.magnified image
Hydrangea‐Like CuS with Irreversible Amorphization Transition for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yang Zu‐Guang , Wu Zhen‐Guo , Hua Wei‐Bo , Xiao Yao , Wang Gong‐Ke , Liu Yu‐Xia , Wu Chun‐Jin , Li Yong‐Chun , Zhong Ben‐He , Xiang Wei , Zhong Yan‐Jun , Guo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal sulfides have been intensively investigated for efficient sodium‐ion storage due to their high capacity. However, the mechanisms behind the reaction pathways and phase transformation are still unclear. Moreover, the effects of designed nanostructure on the electrochemical behaviors are rarely reported. Herein, a hydrangea‐like CuS microsphere is prepared via a facile synthetic method and displays significantly enhanced rate and cycle performance. Unlike the traditional intercalation and conversion reactions, an irreversible amorphization process is evidenced and elucidated with the help of in situ high‐resolution synchrotron radiation diffraction analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The oriented (006) crystal plane growth of the primary CuS nanosheets provide more channels and adsorption sites for Na ions intercalation and the resultant low overpotential is beneficial for the amorphous Cu‐S cluster, which is consistent with the density functional theory calculation. This study can offer new insights into the correlation between the atomic‐scale phase transformation and macro‐scale nanostructure design and open a new principle for the electrode materials' design.
Plant population and row spacing effects on corn: Plant growth, phenology, and grain yield
Authors: Bernhard Brad J. , Below Frederick E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe average U.S. plant population continues to increase as U.S. growers continue to push corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields higher. However, this increased plant population typically causes more intra‐row stress to the plants, potentially reducing yields. Narrower row spacings may be used to reduce the stress by increasing the plant‐to‐plant spacing within a row. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant spatial arrangement (population and/or row spacing) on corn plant growth, phenology, and grain yield. In 2017 and 2018, six contemporary commercial hybrids were planted at 94,000, 109,000, 124,000, or 139,000 plants ha−1 in 76‐ and 51‐cm row spacings at two locations in Illinois. Plant spatial arrangement affected corn growth, phenology, and grain yield. The greatest grain yield of 18.5 Mg ha−1 resulted from planting 109,000 plants ha−1 in a 51‐cm row spacing. In a 76‐cm row spacing, the minimum plant population maximized yield at 17.5 Mg ha−1. On average across plant populations, plants in a 51‐cm row spacing yielded 0.8 Mg ha−1 more than when planted in a 76‐cm row spacing. With increased plant populations, plants produced more shoot biomass, whereas root biomass was unchanged. Narrower row spacings helped mitigate crowding stress at greater plant populations by promoting phenotypic changes that consequently led to greater yield.
The influences of environmental change and development on leaf shape in Vitis
Authors: Baumgartner Aly , Donahoo Michaela , Chitwood Daniel H. , Peppe Daniel J. 
Published: April 2020

PremiseThe size and shape (physiognomy) of woody, dicotyledonous angiosperm leaves are correlated with climate. These relationships are the basis for multiple paleoclimate proxies. Here we test whether Vitis exhibits phenotypic plasticity and whether physiognomy varies along the vine.MethodsWe used Digital Leaf Physiognomy (DiLP) to measure leaf characters of four Vitis species from the USDA Germplasm Repository (Geneva, New York) from the 2012–2013 and 2014–2015 leaf‐growing seasons, which had different environmental conditions.ResultsLeaf shape changed allometrically through developmental stages; early stages were more linear than later stages. There were significant differences in physiognomy in the same developmental stage between the growing seasons, and species had significant differences in mean physiognomy between growing seasons. Phenotypic plasticity was defined as changes between growing seasons after controlling for developmental stage or after averaging all developmental stages. Vitis amurensis and V. riparia had the greatest phenotypic plasticity. North American species exhibited significant differences in tooth area:blade area. Intermediate developmental stages were most likely to exhibit phenotypic plasticity, and only V. amurensis exhibited phenotypic plasticity in later developmental stages.ConclusionsLeaves have variable phenotypic plasticity along the vine. Environmental signal was strongest in intermediate developmental stages. This is significant for leaf physiognomic‐paleoclimate proxies because these leaves are likely the most common in leaf litter and reflect leaves primarily included in paleoclimate reconstructions. Early season and early developmental stages have the potential to be confounding factors but are unlikely to exert significant influence because of differential preservation potential.
Intramolecular Benzyne–Phenolate [4+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Takikawa Hiroshi , Nishii Arata , Takiguchi Hiromu , Yagishita Hirotoshi , Tanaka Masato , Hirano Keiichi , Uchiyama Masanobu , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn intramolecular benzyne–phenolate [4+2] cycloaddition is reported. Benzyne precursors, having vicinal halogen‐sulfonate functionalities, linked with a phenol(ate) by various tether groups undergo efficient intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition by treatment with either Ph3MgLi or nBuLi for halogen–metal exchange to form various benzobarrelenes.
Chiroptical Helices of N‐Terminal Aryl Amino Acids through Orthogonal Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Wang Zhuoer , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the solid state, amino acids (alanine and phenylglycine) with appended pyrene segments self‐assembled into α‐helix‐like structures by asymmetrical H‐bonds between carboxylic acid and amide segments, further inducing supramolecular tilted chirality of the achiral pyrenes. These structures bind melamine and electron‐deficient units through H‐bond and charge‐transfer interactions, respectively. Charge‐transfer interactions enhance the dissymmetry g‐factor of absorption (gabs; up to 1.4×10−2) with an extended Cotton effect active region (from 250 to 600 nm). Incorporating melamine inverts the handedness of circularly polarized luminescence and boosts the dissymmetry g‐factor (glum). Melamine also induces macroscopic chirality at the nanoscale, whereby the 2D lamellar structures are transformed into 1D helices at the nanoscale, leading to giant tubular structures at the microscale.
Unexpected Correlation Between Boron Chain Condensation and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Activity in Highly Active Vanadium Borides: Enabling Predictions
Authors: Lee Eunsoo , Park Hyounmyung , Joo Hyunkeun , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal borides (TMBs) have recently attracted attention as excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts in bulk crystalline materials. Herein, we show for the first time that VB and V3B4 have high electrocatalytic HER activity. Furthermore, we show that the HER activity (in 0.5 m H2SO4) increases with increasing boron chain condensation in vanadium borides: Using a −23 mV overpotential decrement derived from −0.296 mV (for VB at −10 mA cm−2 current density) and −0.273 mV (for V3B4) we accurately predict the overpotential of VB2 (−0.204 mV) as well as that of unstudied V2B3 (−0.250 mV) and hypothetical “V5B8” (−0.227 mV). We then derived an exponential equation that predicts the overpotentials of known and hypothetical VxBy phases containing at least a boron chain. These results provide a direct correlation between crystal structure and HER activity, thus paving the way for the design of even better electrocatalytic materials through structure–activity relationships.
Nucleobase Modifiers Identify TET Enzymes as Bifunctional DNA Dioxygenases Capable of Direct N‐Demethylation
Authors: Ghanty Uday , Wang Tong , Kohli Rahul M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTET family enzymes are known for oxidation of the 5‐methyl substituent on 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA. 5mC oxidation generates the stable base 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), starting an indirect, multi‐step process that ends with reversion of 5mC to unmodified cytosine. While probing the nucleobase determinants of 5mC recognition, we discovered that TET enzymes are also proficient as direct N‐demethylases of cytosine bases. We find that N‐demethylase activity can be readily observed on substrates lacking a 5‐methyl group and, remarkably, TET enzymes can be similarly proficient in either oxidation of 5mC or demethylation of N4‐methyl substituents. Our results indicate that TET enzymes can act as both direct and indirect demethylases, highlight the active‐site plasticity of these FeII/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases, and suggest activity on unexplored substrates that could reveal new TET biology.
Reversibly Thermosecreting Organogels with Switchable Lubrication and Anti‐Icing Performance
Authors: Ru Yunfei , Fang Ruochen , Gu Zhandong , Jiang Lei , Liu Mingjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynthetic gels with switchable interfacial properties have great potential in smart devices and controllable transport. Herein, we design an organogel by incorporating a binary liquid mixture with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) into a polymer network, resulting in reversible modulation of lubrication and adhesion properties. As the temperature changes, the lubricating mechanism changes reversibly from boundary lubrication to hydrodynamic lubrication due to phase separation within the binary solution permeating the gel (friction coefficient 0.4–0.03). Droplets appear on the gel surface at low temperature and disappear with temperature higher than the critical phase separation temperature (Tps) of the organogel. The organogel possesses a relatively low ice adhesive strength (less than 1 kPa). This material has potential applications in anti‐icing and smart devices, and we believe that this design strategy can be expanded to other systems such as aqueous solutions and hydrogels.
Metal–Covalent Organic Frameworks (MCOFs): A Bridge Between Metal–Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Dong Jinqiao , Han Xing , Liu Yan , Li Haiyang , Cui Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany sophisticated chemical and physical properties of porous materials strongly rely on the presence of the metal ions within the structures. Whereas homogeneous distribution of metals is conveniently realized in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the limited stability potentially restricts their practical implementation. From that perspective, the development of metal–covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) may address these shortcomings by incorporating active metal species atop highly stable COF backbones. This Minireview highlights examples of MCOFs that tackle important issues from their design, synthesis, characterization to cutting‐edge applications.
Parametric study for tensile properties of molded high‐density polyethylene for applications in additive manufacturing and sustainable designs
Authors: Pastrnak Austin , Henriquez Adriana , La Saponara Valeria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTest specimens following ASTM D638 standards are frequently used to measure the tensile properties of reinforced and unreinforced polymers machined with traditional machining and emerging manufacturing methods (additive manufacturing/3D printing). However, designs of large engineering structures may rely on mechanical properties based on ASTM D3039 for fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. This parametric study examines the scaling effects present in uniaxial tensile test specimens of molded high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), with geometries ranging from Types I to IV of ASTM D638 to ASTM D3039. HDPE is a thermoplastic polymer that is recyclable, can be 3D‐printed, and has a wide range of engineering applications, from bottles to pipes to radiation protection shielding. The mechanical properties test results for the molded HDPE samples are validated using a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate uncertainties for the probability distribution of maximum stress at the yield point. A Finite Element study based on the empirical model shows how the proposed approach can be adopted for design purposes. The results of this work are a useful tool to enhance confidence in the tensile mechanical properties of ASTM D638 Types II and IV geometries as statistically similar to those of ASTM D3039 samples, impacting engineering designs with traditional and emerging manufacturing methods.
HLA–B27 Subtypes Predisposing to Ankylosing Spondylitis Accumulate in an Endoplasmic Reticulum–Derived Compartment Apart From the Peptide‐Loading Complex
Authors: Jah Nadège , Jobart‐Malfait Aude , Ermoza Ketia , Noteuil Aurélie , Chiocchia Gilles , Breban Maxime , André Claudine 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveIt was previously shown thatHLA–B27 subtypes predisposing to spondyloarthritis (SpA), i.e., B*27:02, B*27:05, and B*27:07, displayed an increased propensity to form intracellular oligomers and to accumulate at a high density in cytoplasmic vesicles, as compared to the non–SpA‐associatedHLA–B*07:02 andHLA–B*27:06. This study was undertaken to characterize the nature and content ofHLA–B–containing vesicles and to further examine their relevance to SpA predisposition.MethodsVesicles containingHLA–B proteins were detected in transfected HeLa cells and in cells from SpA patients orHLA–B27/human β2‐microglobulin (hβ2m)–transgenic rats, by microscopy. The nature and content ofHLA–B–containing vesicles were characterized in colocalization experiments with appropriate markers.ResultsThe SpA‐associatedHLA–B*27:04 subtype accumulated at higher levels (P< 10−5) in cytoplasmic vesicles compared toHLA–B*27:06, from which it differs only by 2 substitutions, reinforcing the correlation between vesicle formation and SpA predisposition. Colocalization studies showed that those vesicles contained misfoldedHLA–B heavy chain along with β2m and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones (calnexin, calreticulin, BiP, glucose‐regulated protein 94‐kd) and belonged to theERbut were distinct from the peptide‐loading complex (PLC). Similar vesicles were observed in immune cells fromHLA–B27+ SpA patients, in greater abundance than in healthy controls (P< 0.01), and in dendritic cells fromHLA–B27/hβ2m transgenic rats, correlating with SpA susceptibility.ConclusionAccumulation of misfoldedHLA–B heavy chain along with β2m andERchaperones intoER‐derived vesicles distinct from thePLCis a characteristic feature ofHLA–B27 subtypes predisposing to SpA. This phenomenon could contribute toHLA–B27 pathogenicity, via a noncanonical mechanism.