bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helios-r2: A New Bayesian, Open-source Retrieval Model for Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Kitzmann Daniel , Heng Kevin , Oreshenko Maria , Grimm Simon L. , Apai Dániel , Bowler Brendan P. , Burgasser Adam J. , Marley Mark S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present an improved, hybrid CPU-GPU atmospheric retrieval code, Helios-r2, which is applicable to medium-resolution emission spectra of brown dwarfs, in preparation for precision atmospheric spectroscopy in the era of the James Webb Space Telescope. The model is available as open-source code on the Exoclimes Simulation Platform. We subject Helios-r2 to a battery of tests of varying difficulty. The simplest test involves a mock retrieval on a forward model generated using the same radiative transfer technique, the same implementation of opacities, and the same chemistry model. The least trivial test involves a mock retrieval on synthetic spectra from the Sonora model grid, which uses a different radiative transfer technique, a different implementation of opacities, and a different chemistry model. A calibration factor, which is included to capture uncertainties in the brown dwarf radius, distance to the brown dwarf and flux calibration of the spectrum, may compensate, sometimes erroneously, for discrepancies in modeling choices and implementation. We analyze spectra of the benchmark brown dwarf GJ 570 D and the binary brown dwarf companions in the Epsilon Indi system. The retrieved surface gravities are consistent with previous studies and/or values inferred from dynamical masses (for Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb only). There remains no clear criterion on how to reject unphysical values of the retrieved brown dwarf radii. The inferred radii and corresponding masses should be taken with great caution. The retrieved carbon-to-oxygen ratios and metallicity depend on whether chemical equilibrium is assumed.
Collisional Evolution of Meter- to Kilometer-sized Planetesimals in Mean Motion Resonances: Implications for Inward Planet Shepherding
Authors: Deienno Rogerio , Walsh Kevin J. , Levison Harold F. , Kretke Katherine A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Small particles (meter to kilometer sized) can drift inward through a protoplanetary disk owing to their interaction with a gaseous nebula. If planets exist, these particles can get captured in mean motion resonance (MMR) and, if massive, exchange angular momentum with the planets. While dependent on the total mass in small inward-drifting particles captured, the main result out of such resonant angular momentum exchange is inward planet shepherding. However, it is not clear what the real dynamics of a large number of massive particles in MMR would be when collisional effects are included. Therefore, we studied the capture mechanism and collisional evolution of a swarm of massive inward-drifting particles in MMRs with planets. Due to the confined space of an MMR, captured massive particles can rapidly collisionally evolve. Our main results show that, if massive particles are assumed to be rocky, collisions make the swarm of particles decrease in size. In this case, as their gas drag properties change (smaller particles drift faster through the gas nebula), they eventually leave the MMR. On the other hand, if massive particles are assumed to be 10, 100, or 1000 times stronger (harder to break) than rocky particles, they instead grow. In this situation, the drifting particles slow down (r ≳ 1–5 km) or even stop (r ≳ 5–10 km) their inward drift. We conclude that, although some angular momentum exchange may exist, in no cases studied here did the massive inward-drifting particles significantly change the orbit of the planet.
Comparison between sentinel lymph node hybrid scintigraphy and blue dye technique in breast cancer patients: An institutional experience
Authors: Siddique Maimoona , Hassan Aamna , Nawaz Muhammad , Bashir Humayun , Chaudhry Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo compare the detection efficacy of radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy (LS) versus patent blue dye (PBD) technique for hidden sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer patients and to determine which modality is better for SLN detection. One hundred and thirty-four early stage breast cancer female patients with clinically negative axilla who underwent post technetium-99m nanocolloid injection single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) for negative SLN on planar imaging were studied prospectively between 2015 and 2017. Following SPECT-CT, patients underwent peroperative gamma probe count detection GP-CD and PBD technique. Visually, blue stained ± hot nodes were surgically removed and subjected to histopathological analysis. The detection rate by individual method was calculated. Kappa statistics were applied to calculate overall agreement between radioisotope and PBD techniques for diagnostic value assessment. One hundred and thirty-four patients underwent SPECT-CT LS and PBD injection. Mean age: 47 ± 7.6 years (range: 26–82 years). Forty-nine (36.6%) had T1 and 85 (63.4%) T2. SPECT-CT LS detected SLN in 105/134 cases (success rate: 78.4%), later GP-CD localized “hot nodes”in additional 20 cases (success rate: 93.3%). The PBD successfully localized SLN in 131/134 (97.8%) cases. Three cases remained negative on both radioisotope and PBD localization, which on subsequent nodal dissection had metastatic disease. All SLNs detected on SPECT-CT showed blue dye uptake. In 112 cases, more than one SLN was surgically removed. Frozen section analysis of excised SLNs showed metastasis in 31%. Overall moderate agreement (k = 0.56) was calculated. No statistically significant difference was seen between isotope detection and PBD. Radionuclide sentinel mapping has good detection rate particularly combined with peroperative GP-CD. The PBD has added value to reduce false-negative rate of SLN mapping and can substitute radionuclide imaging with negative results.
Consensus-Based Expert Development of Critical Items for Direct Observation of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Skills
Authors: Ma Irene W. Y. , Desy Janeve , Woo Michael Y. , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Noble Vicki E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used in a number of medical specialties. To support competency-based POCUS education, workplace-based assessments are essential.ObjectiveWe developed a consensus-based assessment tool for POCUS skills and determined which items are critical for competence. We then performed standards setting to set cut scores for the tool.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi technique, 25 experts voted on 32 items over 3 rounds between August and December 2016. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 80% of the experts. Twelve experts then performed 3 rounds of a standards setting procedure in March 2017 to establish cut scores.ResultsExperts reached consensus for 31 items to include in the tool. Experts reached consensus that 16 of those items were critically important. A final cut score for the tool was established at 65.2% (SD 17.0%). Cut scores for critical items are significantly higher than those for noncritical items (76.5% ± SD 12.4% versus 53.1% ± SD 12.2%, P &lt; .0001).ConclusionsWe reached consensus on a 31-item workplace-based assessment tool for identifying competence in POCUS. Of those items, 16 were considered critically important. Their importance is further supported by higher cut scores compared with noncritical items.
Marital and love attitudes as predictors of Polish young adults’ relationship status
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the predictive role of marital and love attitudes and of the love–marriage connection for young adults’ relationship status.Participants and procedureThe study was based on a sample of 117 Polish participants aged 20-33 who completed the Polish versions of the Love Atti-tudes Scale – Short Form and Marital Attitudes Scale and provided answers to the seven questions concerning love as a basis for marriage.ResultsThe performed analyses demonstrated that 1) single and partnered individuals reported similar levels of marital attitudes; 2) sin-gle individuals scored higher on the Eros love style than partnered individuals in the first assessment; 3) single individuals scored lower on the Mania love style than partnered individuals in the first and the second assessments; 4) single individuals scored higher in the first assessment on the Importance of love for entering marriage in comparison to partnered individuals. A binary logistic regression indicated that the Eros and Mania love styles in the first assessment were significant predictors of young adults’ relationships in the second assessment. The alternative model predicting marital and love attitudes and the love–marriage connection at Time 2 (T2) from young adults’ relationship status at Time 1 (T1) demonstrated that relationship status at T1 was predictive only of the Mania love style at T2.ConclusionsThe Eros and Mania love styles were significant predictors of young adults’ relationships after a 12-month interval, and rela-tionship status was predictive of the Mania love style at 12 months after the first assessment.
Augmented muscle activation in reaching movements after stroke
Authors: Vieira Paula Cintia Dos Santos , Oliveira Rafael Almeida , Fernandes Luciane Martinho , Pereira Karina , Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de 
Published: February 2020

PurposePost-stroke hemiparesis can cause motor deficits that affect the completion of functional activities, such as reaching. The study aim was to quantitatively compare the changes in muscle activation between hemiparetic individuals during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery and healthy individuals in a reaching task.MethodsThe electromyographic activity was recorded of the upper trapezius (UT), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR ) muscles in 10 subacute individuals (group 1), 10 chronic individuals (group 2), and 10 healthy individuals (group 3). The normalized root mean square (nRMS) was calculated,
followed by a qualitative index based on maximum activation, and the occurrence of co-contraction was analysed.ResultsIn the nRMS analysis, group 1 presented significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB, TB, and ECR; group 2 showed significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB and FCU. In the qualitative analysis, group 1 exhibited greater activity for UT, group 2 for ECR, and group 3 for UT. There was no statistically significant difference in the co-contraction analysis between the antagonist muscle pairs of BB/TB and FCU/ECR.ConclusionsMuscle activation was greater in the post-stroke groups in comparison with healthy individuals.
Do older women with a fall history cross obstacles differently than older women with no fall history?
Authors: Guadagnin Eliane C. , Rocha Emmanuel S. da , Bobbert Maarten F. , Duysens Jacques , Carpes Felipe P. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMany falls in older people occur after tripping or slipping, mainly due to unsuccessful vertical clearances or horizontal distances. A first fall may be explained by several factors related to aging and can be a trigger to subsequent falls. It is unclear if a history of fall changes the kinematics of obstacle crossing, increasing the risk of trips. Here, we determined whether older women reporting a fall history showed different spatial-temporal kinematic parameters during obstacle crossing than non-fallers. In addition, we investigated the presence of asymmetries between the preferred and non-preferred lower limb during obstacle crossing in fallers and non-fallers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited older women with a history of fall (<i>n</i> = 10) and without falls (<i>n</i> = 10). They had their kinematic parameters evaluated when walking at self-selected speed along an 8-m walkway, crossing an obstacle positioned in the middle of the walkway, with both preferred and non-preferred limb as the lead limb. The groups were compared, and effects of lower limb preference were also determined in both groups.ResultsNo main effects of group were observed regarding the kinematic variables. An effect of leg preference was found for post-obstacle horizontal distance, which was greater for the preferred limb in both groups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the kinematics of gait with obstacle crossing does not differentiate between older women with or without a history of recent fall.
Functional lateralization of tool-sound and action-word processing in a bilingual brain
Authors: Klichowski Michal , Nowik Agnieszka , Kroliczak Gregory , Lewis James 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe impact of bilingualism on lateralized brain functions such as praxis – the control of skilled actions – and language representations themselves, particularly in the auditory domain, is still largely unknown. Recent stud-ies suggest that bilingualism affects both basic (fundamental frequency) sound and action-related speech pro-cessing. Whether it can impact non-verbal action sound processing is a question of debate.Participants and procedureHere we examined twenty bilinguals using a dichotic listening paradigm, in which in addition to repeating the just heard action words, participants named – in Polish or English – one of two simultaneously presented tool sounds from attended ears. The results were compared with data from these same participants tested with reading the same words in a visual-half field paradigm.ResultsIn contrast to typical outcomes from monolinguals, the laterality indices of action-related sound processing (verbal and non-verbal) were not left lateralized but hemispherically balanced. Notably, despite similar organi-zation of tool- and action-word sound processing, their auditory (balanced) and visual-language (left-lateralized) representations might be independent because there were no significant correlations between any of their laterality indices.ConclusionsThis indicates that bilingualism might involve reshuffling/reorganization of typically lateralized brain functions and such plasticity will have consequences for second language learning strategies, as well as for neuroreha-bilitation.
Diagnostic ability of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for metastatic cervical nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: significance of additional coronal reconstruction images
Authors: Ando Tomohiro , Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Tanahashi Yukichi , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Kuze Bunya , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the significance of additional coronal reconstruction images in the diagnostic ability of contrast- enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for metastatic cervical nodes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).Material and methodsWe retrospectively assessed 97 metastatic and 141 reactive histologically proven cervical nodes of 38 patients with HNSCC, who underwent CECT before neck dissection. Observer #1, an expert radiologist in head and neck imaging, and observer #2, a general radiologist, reviewed all CECT images. The observers first assessed the presence of nodal metastasis using axial CECT alone (A-CECT). Three days later, they reassessed its presence using combined axial and coronal CECT (A&C-CECT).ResultsThe sensitivity of A-CECT vs. A&C-CECT was 73.2% vs. 75.3% for observer #1 (p = 0.73) and 69.1% vs. 69.1% for observer #2 (p = 1.00), respectively. The specificity of A-CECT <i><i><i><i>versus</i></i></i></i> A&C-CECT was 92.2% vs. 97.2% for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 92.9% vs. 95.7% for observer #2 (p = 0.22), respectively. The accuracy of A-CECT <i><i><i><i>versus</i></i></i></i> A&C-CECT was 84.5% vs. 88.2% for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 83.2% vs. 85.3% for observer #2 (p = 0.30), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of A-CECT vs. A&C-CECT was 0.86 vs. 0.91 for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 0.85 vs. 0.85 for observer #2 (p = 0.80), respectively.ConclusionsThe specificity, accuracy, and AUC increased with the use of coronal images during the assessment by the expert radiologist. The appropriate use of coronal images allowed proper configuration recognition and improved diagnostic ability.
Relationship between calcific tendinopathy and rotator cuff tear on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging: case-controlled comparison
Authors: Sucuoğlu Hamza , Asan Abdülkadir 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo determine the frequency of rotator cuff tear on the shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and the relationship between rotator cuff tear and calcific tendinopathy.Material and methodsIn this retrospective case control study, 137 patients with calcific tendinopathy and 137 control group patients without calcific tendinopathy with shoulder pain, whose age, sex, and shoulder laterality values were matched, were compared in terms of rotator cuff tears on their shoulder MRI images.ResultsThe frequency of rotator cuff tear was found to be significantly higher in the control group (37.2%) compared to the calcific tendinopathy group (23.4%) (p < 0.01). Partial thickness was 81.3% in the calcific tendinopathy group and 70.6% in the control group, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the size of the rotator cuff tear (p > 0.05). In the calcific tendinopathy group, there was no significant relationship between the localisation of calcification and the rotator cuff tear, and only in 4.4% of the participants were calcification and tear at the same location on the same tendon (p > 0.05, r = 0.04).ConclusionsThe patients with calcific tendinopathy, who had been admitted with shoulder pain, did not demonstrate an increased risk of rotator cuff tear based on their MRI compared to patients with shoulder pain without calcific tendinopathy. No significant relationship was determined between calcific tendinopathy and rotator cuff tear.
Application and Pitfalls of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis of Challenging Genitourinary Cases
Authors: Ross Jenny , Li Guangyuan , Yang Ximing J. 
Published: February 2020

Context.—Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become increasingly important in the evaluation of pathologic conditions in the genitourinary (GU) organs. In addition to careful evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin sections and generation of a differential diagnosis, choosing the optimal panel of IHC markers becomes even more important when the biopsy material is very limited. The following summary of our experience supplemented with relevant literature review exemplifies how to use IHC to facilitate pathologic diagnosis in the GU system.Objective.—To describe our experience with the most common immunohistochemical markers used in GU pathology.Data Sources.—Institutional experience and literature search comprise our data sources.Conclusions.—Application of IHC provides enormous benefits to the interpretation of GU pathologic conditions, including benign and malignant lesions. However, both insufficient and excessive types of use of IHC, as well as incorrect interpretations in common and rare GU conditions, could present pitfalls in diagnosis.
TallPinus luzmariaetrees with genes fromP. herrerae
Authors: Wehenkel Christian , Mariscal-Lucero Samantha del Rocío , González-Elizondo M. Socorro , Aguirre-Galindo Víctor A. , Fladung Matthias , López-Sánchez Carlos A. 
Published: February 2020

ContextPinus herreraeandP. luzmariaeare endemic to western Mexico, where they cover an area of more than 1 million hectares.Pinus herreraeis also cultivated in field trials in South Africa and South America, because of its considerable economic importance as a source of timber and resin. Seed quality, afforestation success and desirable traits may all be influenced by the presence of hybrid trees in seed stands.AimsWe aimed to determine the degree of hybridization betweenP.herreraeandP.luzmariaein seed stands of each species located in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico.MethodsAFLP molecular markers from samples of 171 trees across five populations were analyzed with STRUCTURE and NewHybrids software to determine the degree of introgressive hybridization. The accuracy of STRUCTURE and NewHybrids in detecting hybrids was quantified using the software Hybridlab 1.0. Morphological analysis of 131 samples from two populations ofP. herreraeand two populations ofP. luzmariaewas also conducted by Random Forest classification. The data were compared by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) in GenAlex 6.501.ResultsHybridization betweenPinus herreraeandP. luzmariaewas observed in all seed stands under study and resulted in enhancement of desirable silvicultural traits in the latter species. InP. luzmariae, only about 16% molecularly detected hybrids correspond to those identified on a morphological basis. However, the morphology ofP. herreraeis not consistent with the molecularly identified hybrids from one population and is only consistent with 3.3 of those from the other population.ConclusionsThis is the first report of hybrid vigour (heterosis) in Mexican pines. Information about hybridization and introgression is essential for developing effective future breeding programs, successful establishment of plantations and management of natural forest stands. Understanding how natural hybridization may influence the evolution and adaptation of pines to climate change is a cornerstone to sustainable forest management including adaptive silviculture.
Impact of the Mutual Health Insurance on the Staff Medical Care of the University of Kisangani
Authors: Bikenge Joseph Baroani , Kitronza John Panda Lukongo 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The creation of the Mutual Health Insurance within the University of Kisangani is justified by the deterioration of the country's socio-economic situation, with unfortunate consequences for the sectors of life, with a view to improving the provision of medical care. To carry out this study successfully, we have set ourselves the following objectives: Check the evolution of the number of members of the mutual during the study period, identify the diseases that have required a lot of resources from the mutual during the four years of study, determine the professional category most assisted by the mutual's coverage and highlight the differences in the contribution of members by professional category.
Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the various cases of medical coverage of Kisangani University staff by the Mutual Health Insurance during the period 2014 to 2017. For this study, we worked with a comprehensive sample, i.e. the entire study population estimated at 1,432 adherent members, taking into account all their monthly contributions during the period 2014 to 2017. It was carried out thanks to the documentary analysis and the interview.
Results: The number of members of the mutual health insurance scheme was 1,311 in 2017, compared to 1,432 when it was created, i.e. a wastage rate of 8.44%. The Mutual Health Insurance of the University of Kisangani had produced 277,248,600 Congolese francs from membership fees. In addition, the professional category most assisted by the Mutual Health Insurance of the University of Kisangani is mainly composed of Administrative, Technical and Labour Staff with 1,217 cases out of a total of 1,432 expected members, or 84.9%. Finally, malaria was the disease most commonly observed with recurrence during the period studied, with a total of 285 cases or 77.2%.