bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rotational disruption on the evolution of grain size distribution in galaxies
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki , Hoang Thiem 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Interstellar dust grains can be spun up by radiative torques, and the resulting centrifugal force may be strong enough to disrupt large dust grains. We examine the effect of this rotational disruption on the evolution of grain size distribution in galaxies. To this goal, we modify our previous model by assuming that rotational disruption is the major small-grain production mechanism. We find that rotational disruption can have a large influence on the evolution of grain size distribution in the following two aspects especially for composites and grain mantles (with tensile strength ∼107   erg cm −3). First, because of the short time-scale of rotational disruption, the small-grain production occurs even in the early phase of galaxy evolution. Therefore, even though stars produce large grains, the abundance of small grains can be large enough to steepen the extinction curve. Secondly, rotational disruption is important in determining the maximum grain radius, which regulates the steepness of the extinction curve. For compact grains with tensile strength ≳109   erg cm −3, the size evolution is significantly affected by rotational disruption only if the radiation field is as strong as (or the dust temperature is as high as) expected for starburst galaxies. For compact grains, rotational disruption predicts that the maximum grain radius becomes less than 0.2 $\rm{\mu m}$ for galaxies with a dust temperature ≳50 K.
The assembly of dusty galaxies at z ≥ 4: statistical properties
Authors: Graziani L , Schneider R , Ginolfi M , Hunt L K , Maio U , Glatzle M , Ciardi B 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The recent discovery of high-redshift dusty galaxies implies a rapid dust enrichment of their interstellar medium (ISM). To interpret these observations, we run a cosmological simulation in a 30 h−1 cMpc/size volume down to z ≈ 4. We use the hydrodynamical code dustygadget, which accounts for the production of dust by stellar populations and its evolution in the ISM. We find that the cosmic dust density parameter (Ωd) is mainly driven by stellar dust at z ≳ 10, so that mass- and metallicity-dependent yields are required to assess the dust content in the first galaxies. At z ≲ 9, the growth of grains in the ISM of evolved systems [log(M⋆/M⊙) &gt; 8.5] significantly increases their dust mass, in agreement with observations in the redshift range 4 ≲ z &lt; 8. Our simulation shows that the variety of high-redshift galaxies observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array can naturally be accounted for by modelling the grain growth time-scale as a function of the physical conditions in the gas cold phase. In addition, the trends of dust-to-metal and dust-to-gas (${\cal D}$) ratios are compatible with the available data. A qualitative investigation of the inhomogeneous dust distribution in a representative massive halo at z ≈ 4 shows that dust is found from the central galaxy up to the closest satellites along polluted filaments with $\rm log({\cal D}) \le -2.4$, but sharply declines at distances d ≳ 30 kpc along many lines of sight, where $\rm log({\cal D}) \lesssim -4.0$.
A systematic analysis of the phase lags associated with the type-C quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915+105
Authors: Zhang Liang , Méndez Mariano , Altamirano Diego , Qu Jinlu , Chen Li , Karpouzas Konstantinos , Belloni Tomaso M , Bu Qingcui , Huang Yue , Ma Xiang , Tao Lian , Wang Yanan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic analysis of the phase lags associated with the type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in GRS 1915+105 using RXTE data. Our sample comprises 620 RXTE observations with type-C QPOs ranging from ∼0.4 to ∼6.3 Hz. Based on our analysis, we confirm that the QPO phase lags decrease with QPO frequency, and change sign from positive to negative at a QPO frequency of ∼2 Hz. In addition, we find that the slope of this relation is significantly different between QPOs below and above 2 Hz. The relation between the QPO lags and QPO rms can be well fitted with a broken line: as the QPO lags go from negative to positive, the QPO rms first increases, reaching its maximum at around zero lag, and then decreases. The phase-lag behaviour of the subharmonic of the QPO is similar to that of the QPO fundamental, where the subharmonic lags decrease with subharmonic frequency and change sign from positive to negative at a subharmonic frequency of ∼1 Hz; on the contrary, the second harmonic of the QPO shows a quite different phase-lag behaviour, where all the second harmonics show hard lags that remain more or less constant. For both the QPO and its (sub)harmonics, the slope of the lag–energy spectra shows a similar evolution with frequency as the average phase lags. This suggests that the lag–energy spectra drive the average phase lags. We discuss the possibility for the change in lag sign, and the physical origin of the QPO lags.
Discovery of a thermonuclear Type I X-ray burst in infrared: new limits on the orbital period of 4U 1728-34
Authors: Vincentelli F M , Cavecchi Y , Casella P , Migliari S , Altamirano D , Belloni T , Diaz-Trigo M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of an infrared burst lagging a thermonuclear Type I X-ray burst from the accreting neutron star (NS) 4U 1728-34 (GX 354-0). Observations were performed simultaneously with XMM–Newton (0.7–12 keV), NuSTAR (3–79 keV), and HAWK-I@VLT (2.2 $\, \mu$m). We measure a lag of 4.75 ± 0.5 s between the peaks of the emission in the two bands. Due to the length of the lag and the shape of the IR burst, we found that the most plausible cause for such a large delay is reprocessing of the Type I burst X-rays by the companion star. The inferred distance between the NS and the companion can be used to constrain the orbital period of the system, which we find to be larger than ∼66 min (or even ≳2 h, for a realistic inclination &lt;75°). This is much larger than the current tentatively estimated period of ∼11 min. We discuss the physical implications on the nature of the binary and conclude that most likely the companion of 4U 1728-34 is a helium star.
Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres
Authors: Basile Carlo , Combe Christian , Pizzarelli Francesco , Covic Adrian , Davenport Andrew , Kanbay Mehmet , Kirmizis Dimitrios , Schneditz Daniel , van der Sande Frank , Mitra Sandip 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, is a major global human threat that has turned into a pandemic. This novel coronavirus has specifically high morbidity in the elderly and in comorbid populations. Uraemic patients on dialysis combine an intrinsic fragility and a very frequent burden of comorbidities with a specific setting in which many patients are repeatedly treated in the same area (haemodialysis centres). Moreover, if infected, the intensity of dialysis requiring specialized resources and staff is further complicated by requirements for isolation, control and prevention, putting healthcare systems under exceptional additional strain. Therefore, all measures to slow if not to eradicate the pandemic and to control unmanageably high incidence rates must be taken very seriously. The aim of the present review of the European Dialysis (EUDIAL) Working Group of ERA-EDTA is to provide recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment in haemodialysis centres of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The management of patients on dialysis affected by COVID-19 must be carried out according to strict protocols to minimize the risk for other patients and personnel taking care of these patients. Measures of prevention, protection, screening, isolation and distribution have been shown to be efficient in similar settings. They are essential in the management of the pandemic and should be taken in the early stages of the disease.
Gabriel–Roiter Measure, Representation Dimension and Rejective Chains
Authors: Conde Teresa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Gabriel–Roiter measure is used to give an alternative proof of the finiteness of the representation dimension for Artin algebras, a result established by Iyama in 2002. The concept of Gabriel–Roiter measure can be extended to abelian length categories and every such category has multiple Gabriel–Roiter measures. Using this notion, we prove the following broader statement: given any object $X$ and any Gabriel–Roiter measure $\mu$ in an abelian length category $\mathcal{A}$, there exists an object $X^{\prime}$ that depends on $X$ and $\mu$, such that $\Gamma =\operatorname{End}_{\mathcal{A}}(X\oplus X^{\prime})$ has finite global dimension. Analogously to Iyama’s original results, our construction yields quasihereditary rings and fits into the theory of rejective chains.
Clinical and imaging characteristics of osteitis condensans ilii as compared with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Weineck Henning , Diekhoff Torsten , Redeker Imke , Gobejishvili Nino , Llop Maria , Rodriguez Valeria Rios , Proft Fabian , Protopopov Mikhail , Haibel Hildrun , Sieper Joachim , Hermann Kay Geert A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) has become an important differential diagnosis for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The objective of this matched case–control study was to investigate demographic, clinical, laboratory and MRI characteristics of OCI as compared with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
A total of 60 patients diagnosed with OCI were included in the final analysis. From 27 of these patients, MRIs of the sacroiliac joints were available. OCI patients were matched with a 1:1 ratio by back pain duration to patients with definite axSpA in order to compare clinical, laboratory and MRI characteristics.

Results
The OCI patients were nearly all females (96.7 vs 46.7%), had a significantly lower prevalence of inflammatory back pain (39.5 vs 88.9%), a significantly lower percentage of HLA-B27 positives (35.2 vs 80.0%) and a lower prevalence of the majority of other SpA features as compared with axSpA patients. Interestingly, there was no difference in the prevalence of osteitis in the sacroiliac joints (92.6 vs 85.2% in OCI and axSpA, respectively, P = 0.44), but there was a difference in the prevalence of erosions (7.4 vs 66.7%, respectively, P = 0.0001). In addition, in OCI nearly all lesions were localized in the anterior part of the sacroiliac joints while in axSpA lesions were localized predominantly in the middle part of the joint (for osteitis: 96 vs 4% in OCI and 28.6 vs 71.4% in axSpA; P = 0.0002 for the inter-group difference).

Conclusion
Clinical and imaging features of OCI compared with axSpA are described that should help in differential diagnosis.
Interaction of Cannabis Use Disorder and Striatal Connectivity in Antipsychotic Treatment Response
Authors: Blair Thies Melanie , DeRosse Pamela , Sarpal Deepak K , Argyelan Miklos , Fales Christina L , Gallego Juan A , Robinson Delbert G , Lencz Todd , Homan Philipp , Malhotra Anil K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntipsychotic (AP) medications are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but their efficacy is unpredictable and widely variable. Substantial efforts have been made to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used to guide optimal prescription strategies for individual patients. Striatal regions involved in salience and reward processing are disrupted as a result of both SSD and cannabis use, and research demonstrates that striatal circuitry may be integral to response to AP drugs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between a history of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a striatal connectivity index (SCI), a previously developed neural biomarker for AP treatment response in SSD. Patients were part of a 12-week randomized, double-blind controlled treatment study of AP drugs. A sample of 48 first-episode SSD patients with no more than 2 weeks of lifetime exposure to AP medications, underwent a resting-state fMRI scan pretreatment. Treatment response was defined a priori as a binary (response/nonresponse) variable, and a SCI was calculated in each patient. We examined whether there was an interaction between lifetime CUD history and the SCI in relation to treatment response. We found that CUD history moderated the relationship between SCI and treatment response, such that it had little predictive value in SSD patients with a CUD history. In sum, our findings highlight that biomarker development can be critically impacted by patient behaviors that influence neurobiology, such as a history of CUD.
Psychosocial Intervention With or Without Antipsychotic Medication for First-Episode Psychosis: A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial
Authors: Francey Shona M , O’Donoghue Brian , Nelson Barnaby , Graham Jessica , Baldwin Lara , Yuen Hok Pan , Kerr Melissa J , Ratheesh Aswin , Allott Kelly , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Fornito Alex , Harrigan Susy , Thompson Andrew D , Wood Stephen , Berk Michael , McGorry Patrick D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This triple-blind (participants, clinicians, and researchers) randomized controlled noninferiority trial examined whether intensive psychosocial intervention (cognitive-behavioral case management, CBCM) for first-episode psychosis (FEP) in 15–25 year-olds managed in a specialized early intervention for psychosis service was noninferior to usual treatment of antipsychotic medication plus CBCM delivered during the first 6 months of treatment. To maximize safety, participants were required to have low levels of suicidality and aggression, a duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) of less than 6 months, and be living in stable accommodation with social support. The primary outcome was level of functioning as assessed by the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS) at 6 months. Ninety young people were randomized by computer, 46 to placebo, and 44 antipsychotic medication and 33% of those who commenced trial medication completed the entire 6-month trial period. On the SOFAS, both groups improved, and group differences were small and clinically trivial, indicating that treatment with placebo medication was no less effective than conventional antipsychotic treatment (mean difference = −0.2, 2-sided 95% confidence interval = −7.5 to 7.0, t = 0.060, P = .95). Within the context of a specialized early intervention service, and with a short DUP, the immediate introduction of antipsychotic medication may not be required for all cases of FEP in order to see functional improvement. However, this finding can only be generalized to a very small proportion of FEP cases at this stage, and a larger trial is required to clarify whether antipsychotic-free treatment can be recommended for specific subgroups of those with FEP.
Trial Registration: ACTRN12607000608460 (www.anzctr.org.au).
In Utero and Lactational Exposure to Flame Retardants Disrupts Rat Ovarian Follicular Development and Advances Puberty
Authors: Allais Adélaïde , Albert Océane , Lefèvre Pavine L C , Wade Michael G , Hales Barbara F , Robaire Bernard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane, leach out from consumer products into the environment. Exposure to BFRs has been associated with effects on endocrine homeostasis. To test the hypothesis that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs may affect the reproductive system of female offspring, adult female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets formulated to deliver nominal doses (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) of a BFR dietary mixture mimicking the relative congener levels in house dust from prior to mating until weaning. Vaginal opening and the day of first estrus occurred at a significantly earlier age among offspring from the 20 mg/kg/day BFR group, indicating that the onset of puberty was advanced. Histological analysis of ovaries from postnatal day 46 offspring revealed an increase in the incidence of abnormal follicles. A toxicogenomic analysis of ovarian gene expression identified upstream regulators, including HIF1A, CREB1, EGF, the β-estradiol, and PPARA pathways, predicted to be downregulated in the 20 or 60 mg/kg/day group and to contribute to the gene expression patterns observed. Thus, perinatal exposure to BFRs dysregulated ovarian folliculogenesis and signaling pathways that are fundamental for ovarian function in the adult.
Recommended Surgical Margins for Basal Cell Carcinoma: Is 3 mm Safe Enough?
Authors: Ünverdi Ömer Faruk , Yücel Sercan , Berk Osman Serdar 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the complete excision of the tumor. Reconstruction of the defect after surgical excision varies, depending on the location and size of the defect and the skin to be used in the reconstruction. In this study, investigators compared the rates of tumor positivity at the edges of BCC specimens excised with 3- or 5-mm surgical margins.

METHODS
Researchers analyzed data related to 113 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of BCC between August 2016 and June 2018. In total, 99 lesions from 91 patients not exceeding 2 cm in size excised with 3-mm (n = 53) or 5-mm (n = 46) surgical margins were included. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ
2 test.

RESULTS
After histopathologic assessment, 3 of 53 lesions that were excised with 3-mm surgical margins had a positive surgical margin, whereas none of the 46 lesions excised with 5-mm margins indicated a positive tumor presence. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
A 3-mm surgical margin may be sufficient and safe for BCC excision.
Local anesthetic with sedation is a viable alternative to general anesthesia for lumbar spinal decompressions: A retrospective cohort feasibility study and short-term analysis of outcomes
Authors: Ziino Chason , Guzman Roberto A. , Koltsov Jayme , Montgomery Blake K. , McMains Craig , Alamin Todd 
Published: March 2020

Background:
An increasing focus on value-based care in spine surgery has prompted interest in alternative anesthetics. Avoidance of general anesthesia (GA) has gained support due to reductions in postoperative symptoms. Little has been published on local anesthesia with sedation techniques.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to compare outcomes of lumbar decompression using local anesthesia with light intravenous sedative (LIS) and lumbar decompression using general anesthesia. Outcomes reported were 90-day adverse events, reoperations, and narcotic use.

Results:
A total of 65 patients who underwent lumbar decompression were identified. Patients receiving LIS were older and had more comorbidities compared with those receiving GA. Rates of peripheral vascular disease and peptic ulcer disease were higher in patients receiving LIS (P=0.004 and 0.012, respectively). The overall rate of postoperative adverse events was 30% lower in patients with LIS. There were no aborted procedures in the LIS cohort. Rates of reoperation trended towards being lower in LIS (14.3%) versus the GA group (37.8%). There was no difference in postoperative narcotic use (LIS 17.9%, GA 24.3%, P=0.530). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and peripheral vascular disease, the rate of adverse events remained lower in the LIS group (odds ratio: 0.166 [95% CI: 0.037, 0.617], P=0.011), and the trends towards lower rates of recurrent stenosis (P=0.082) and reoperation (P=0.082) remained. There was still no difference in the rate of postoperative narcotic use beyond the first follow-up (P=0.542).

Conclusions:
Lumbar spinal decompressions are commonly performed surgeries, and they are increasingly being performed in outpatient settings. We conclude that LIS is a safe alternative to GA. Further work is needed to identify cost savings in LIS spine surgery and define patient characteristics that identify appropriate candidates.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Challenges and opportunities in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: combination therapy and the role of cytoreductive surgery
Authors: Patel Hiren V. , Shinder Brian , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Singer Eric A. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
As the biology of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) continues to be elucidated, novel treatments focused around immunotherapies and targeted therapies will continue to emerge. In this review, we will highlight recent treatment advances and their implications for surgical and systemic therapy.

Recent findings
Several new treatments, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, the combination of a programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (nivolumab) with a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody (ipilimumab), and the combination of axitinib with pembrolizumab or avelumab have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as first-line therapy for the treatment of mRCC. Although promising survival benefits have been seen with these new therapies, careful patient selection is still critical.

Summary
The introduction of novel therapies and the investigation of combinatorial therapies have shifted the treatment paradigm for advanced RCC. Present trials have provided promising data that could lead to further therapeutic advances.
The mKATP Channels and protein-kinase C Are Involved in the Cardioprotective Effects of Genistein on Estrogen-Deficient Rat Hearts Exposed to Ischemia/Reperfusion: Energetic Study
Authors: Colareda Germán A. , Ragone María Inés , Bonazzola Patricia , Consolini Alicia E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
Estrogenic deficiency is considered a risk of coronary disease in women. The phytoestrogen genistein could be a safe preventive strategy. The first aim of this work was to validate a model of cardiac stunning in which natural estrogenic deficiency rats, ie, adult young male (YM) and aged female (AgF), are compared with young female rats (YF). The second aim was to study whether the in vivo administration of genistein prevents the stunning in estrogenic deficiency rats. The third aim was to evaluate whether in our estrogenic deficiency model exists a synergy between genistein and estradiol. The fourth aim was to characterize the underlying mechanisms of genistein. Stunning was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in isolated hearts inside a calorimeter. The left ventricular pressure (P) and total heat rate (Ht) were simultaneously measured, while diastolic contracture and muscle economy (P/Ht) were calculated. During R, P/Ht and P recovered less in AgF and YM than in YF rat hearts. Genistein through i.p. (GST-ip) improved P and P/Ht in AgF and YM, but not in YF. In YM, the cardioprotections of GST-ip and estradiol were synergistic. After ischemia, GST-ip increased SR Ca2+ leak causing diastolic contracture. The GST-ip cardioprotection neither was affected by blockade of PI3K-Akt, NO synthases, or phosphatases, but it was sensitive to blockade of protein-kinase C and mKATP channels. Results suggest that (1) estrogenic deficiency worsens cardiac stunning, (2) GST-ip was more cardioprotective in estrogenic deficiency and synergistic with estradiol, and (3) cardioprotection of GST-ip depends on the protein-kinase C and mKATP channel pathway activation.