bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of E‐cadherin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid‐derived exosomes in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Ziyu , Li Shanyu , Wang Manning , Dai Dayou , Jing Hongyu , Liu Lingyun 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundLung cancer features extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), obtained by bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar perfusion, can provide information on the cellular components of the lung microenvironment to assist with diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.MethodsBALF was performed using a flexible bronchofiberscope. Exosomes were collected by ultracentrifugation. ELISA detected the amount of E‐cadherin. Transmission electron microscopic, ELISA and WB were conducted to identify the existence of the exosomes. Transwell and Wound healing assays were used to detect the ability of migration and invasion.ResultsWe identified the existence of exosomes in BALF. Furthermore, we observed larger amounts of E‐cadherin in the BALF obtained from patients with lung cancer than in the control obtained from the healthy side of pneumonia. Exosomes from lung cancer groups promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells.ConclusionThe exosomes from lung cancer BALF promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells by carrying E‐cadherin. E‐cadherin on the surface of exosomes may act through a VE‐cadherin dependent mechanism and induce lung cancer metastasis.
Morphological study of the lingual papillae in the fruit bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus) by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
Authors: Gunawan Geraldus , Saragih Golda Rani , Umardani Yusuf , Karnati Srikanth , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study was carried on the tongues of ten normal, healthy and adult fruit bats (Rousettus amplexicaudatus, also known as the nyap biasa bat) in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. The tongue was protrusible, elongated and flat with a rounded apex, and its width and thickness increased gradually towards to lingual root. There were two main types of lingual papillae, mechanical (filiform) and gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate). The tongue was divided into three parts (apex, corpus and radix), and then, each part was subdivided into three regions (two lateral regions and a median region). There were six subtypes of the filiform papillae—three types on the anterior part (small, scale‐like and giant), one type on the middle part (leaf‐like papillae) and two types on the posterior part (rosette‐shaped filiform and conical filiform papillae)—in addition to transitional papillae presented on the corpus and radix. Two types of gustatory papillae were represented by a small number of fungiform papillae that are scattered among the filiform papillae on the lingual apex and corpus, while three circumvallate papillae on the posterior part are arranged in a “V” shape pointing directly at the larynx.
Variant frequencies of KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A in a Chinese inherited arrhythmia cohort and other disease cohorts undergoing genetic testing
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Nian , Bai Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A are the most common genes responsible for long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. However, the genetic variant frequencies of the three genes in different Chinese disease cohorts are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variants of KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A in patients from seven cohorts (total N = 11945, including patients clinically suspected to have inherited arrhythmia [n = 122], other cardiovascular diseases [n = 1045], epilepsy [n = 4797], or other diseases [n = 5841], and healthy controls [n = 140]) who had undergone genetic testing. All of these variants were identified via genetic testing by two Chinese companies using the Hi‐Seq 2000 platform. A total of 1018 variants (minor allele frequency <0.01) were identified, with 186 (18%), 374 (37%), and 458 (46%) variants in the coding exons of KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A, respectively. Of these variants, 84% had unknown or uncertain clinical significance. The frequency of identified ClinVar pathological/likely pathological variants was higher for KCNQ1 (13/186, 7.0%) than for KCNH2 (6/374, 1.6%) or SCN5A (10/458, 2.2%), and KCNH2 held the highest number and proportion of radical mutations (30/374, 8%). The prevalence of variants was highest in the inherited arrhythmia cohort (35%) and lowest in the healthy controls (<4%), as expected. Noticeably, the variant prevalence was relatively high in the epilepsy cohort (27%). Finally, only 22 of the 82 variants (26%) identified by both companies had consistent interpretations of pathogenicity between the two companies. Our study demonstrated a comprehensive spectrum of variants in KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A in a large number of Chinese individuals, including inherited arrhythmia, cardiovascular diseases, and epilepsy. The detailed variant frequency data of each cohort could serve as a valuable reference to facilitate further variant classification by others. We also found that the interpretations of pathogenicity differed greatly among the companies.
Intraductal carcinomas of the salivary glands: systematic review and classification of 93 published cases
Authors: Palicelli Andrea 
Published: November 2019

Intraductal carcinomas (IDCs) are rare, not well‐characterized salivary gland tumors. A systematic literature review of pure IDCs (without stromal invasion) of low‐grade (LG‐IDCs) or high‐grade (HG‐IDCs) was performed: IDCs were classified using the apocrine (AR+/S100−) vs intercalated (S100+/AR−) classification. Eighty‐two LG‐IDCs and 11 HG‐IDCs were identified (84% parotid; 11% oral; 3% submandibular; 1% lacrimal; and 1% unknown). Out of 11 HG‐IDCs, 2 HG‐IDCs (18%) recurred as HG‐IDC or invasive carcinoma. IDCs were classified as follows: intercalated (30%); mixed apocrine and intercalated (27%); apocrine (11%); oncocytic (6%); intercalated with focal oncocytic features (1%); and unclassifiable (25%). Double AR/S100 expressors (4%) or discrepancies between morphology and immunophenotype (9%) were found. Apocrine features and necrosis were more frequent in HG‐IDCs (55%; 45%). Pleomorphism favored HG‐IDCs (especially when combined with >10 mitoses/10 HPFs and/or Ki67 index >10%), being associated with apocrine areas at least in 3 HG‐IDCs (27%). IDCs were typically mammaglobin+/ER‐/PR‐/DOG1‐. No immunomarker clearly distinguished HG‐IDCs from LG‐IDCs. About 57% IDCs (16 LG‐IDCs, 1 HG‐IDC) showed RET rearrangements, including NCOA4‐RET (eight intercalated and two unclassifiable IDCs) and TRIM27‐RET fusions (two mixed IDCs). No ETV6, ALK‐1, ROS, NTRK3, MAML2, MAML3, or PLAG1 rearrangements were identified. Complete excision and total sampling should exclude invasive areas.
A phase 1/1b study of PUR1900, an inhaled formulation of itraconazole, in healthy volunteers and asthmatics to study safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Hava David L. , Tan Lisa , Johnson Patrick , Curran Aidan K. , Perry Jason , Kramer Steve , Kane Katie , Bedwell Pauline , Layton Gary , Swann Clarie , Henderson Dennis , Khan Naimat , Connor Lucy , McKenzie Litza , Singh Dave , Roach James 
Published: November 2019

AimsOral itraconazole has variable pharmacokinetics and risks of adverse events associated with high plasma exposure. An inhalation formulation of itraconazole (PUR1900) is being developed to treat allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, an allergic inflammatory disease occurring in asthmatics and patients with cystic fibrosis.MethodsA 3‐part, open‐label Phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of PUR1900. Healthy volunteers (n = 5–6/cohort) received either single (Part 1) or multiple (Part 2) ascending doses of PUR1900 for up to 14 days. In Part 3 stable, adult asthmatics received a single dose of 20 mg PUR1900 or 200 mg of oral Sporanox (itraconazole oral solution) in a 2‐period randomized cross‐over design. Itraconazole plasma and sputum concentrations were evaluated.ResultsNone of the adverse events considered as at least possibly related to study treatment were moderate or severe, and none were classed as serious. The most common was the infrequent occurrence of mild cough. Itraconazole plasma exposure increased with increasing doses of PUR1900. After 14 days, PUR1900 resulted in plasma exposure (area under the concentration–time curve up to 24 h) 106‐ to 400‐fold lower across doses tested (10–35 mg) than steady‐state exposure reported for oral Sporanox 200 mg. In asthmatics, PUR1900 geometric mean maximum sputum concentrations were 70‐fold higher and geometric mean plasma concentrations were 66‐fold lower than with oral Sporanox.ConclusionPUR1900 was safe and well‐tolerated under the study conditions. Compared to oral dosing, PUR1900 achieved higher lung and lower plasma exposure. The pharmacokinetic profile of PUR1900 suggests the potential to improve upon the efficacy and safety profile observed with oral itraconazole.
Evaluating conservation dogs in the search for rare species
Authors: Bennett Emma M. , Hauser Cindy E. , Moore Joslin L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetecting rare species is important for both threatened species management and invasive species eradication programs. Conservation scent dogs provide an olfactory survey tool that has advantages over traditional visual and auditory survey techniques for some cryptic species. From the literature, we identified 5 measures important in evaluating the use of scent dogs: precision, sensitivity, effort, cost, and comparison with other techniques. We explored the scale at which performance is evaluated and examined when field testing under real working conditions is achievable. We also identified cost differences among studies. We examined 61 studies published in 1976–2018 that reported conservation dog performance, and considered the inconsistencies in the reporting of scent dog performance among these studies. The majority of studies reported some measure of performance; however, only 8 studies reported all 3 aspects necessary for performance evaluation: precision, sensitivity, and effort. Although effort was considered in 43 studies, inconsistent methods and incomplete reporting prevented meaningful evaluation of performance and comparison among studies. Differences in cost between similar studies were influenced by geographical location and how the dog and handler were sourced for the study. To develop consistent reporting for evaluation, we recommend adoption of sensitivity, precision, and effort as standard performance measures. We recommend reporting effort as the total area and total time spent searching and reporting sensitivity and precision as proportions of the sample size. Additionally, reporting of costs, survey objectives, dog training and experience, type of detection task, and human influences will provide better opportunities for comparison within and among studies.
A novel hybridized metaheuristic technique in enhancing the diagnosis of cross‐sectional dent damaged offshore platform members
Authors: Punurai Wonsiri , Azad Md Samdani , Pholdee Nantiwat , Bureerat Sujin , Sinsabvarodom Chana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOffshore jacket platforms are widely used for oil and gas extraction as well as transportation in shallow to moderate water depth. Tubular cross‐sectional elements are used to construct offshore platforms. Tubular cross sections impart higher resistance against hydrodynamic forces and have high torsional rigidity. During operation, the members can be partially or fully damaged due to lateral impacts. The lateral impacts can be due to ship collisions or through the impact of falling objects. The impact forces can weaken some members that influence the overall performance of the platform. This demonstrates an urgent need to develop a framework that can accurately forecast dent depth as well as dent angle of the affected members. This study investigates the use of an adaptive metaheuristics algorithm to provide automatic detection of denting damage in an offshore structure. The damage information includes dent depth and the dent angle. A model is developed in combination with the percentage of the dent depth of the damaged member and is used to assess the performance of the method. It demonstrates that small changes in stiffness of individual damaged bracing members are detectable from measurements of global structural motion.
Spending to save: What will it cost to halt Australia's extinction crisis?
Authors: Wintle Brendan A. , Cadenhead Natasha C.R. , Morgain Rachel A. , Legge Sarah M. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Cantele Matthew , Possingham Hugh P. , Watson James E.M. , Maron Martine , Keith David A. , Garnett Stephen T. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs with most governments worldwide, Australian governments list threatened species and proffer commitments to recovering them. Yet most of Australia's imperiled species continue to decline or go extinct and a contributing cause is inadequate investment in conservation management. However, this has been difficult to evaluate because the extent of funding committed to such recovery in Australia, like in many nations, is opaque. Here, by collating disparate published budget figures of Australian governments, we show that annual spending on targeted threatened species recovery is around U.S.$92m (AU$122m) which is around one tenth of that spent by the U.S. endangered species recovery program, and about 15% of what is needed to avoid extinctions and recover threatened species. Our approach to estimating funding needs for species recovery could be applied in any jurisdiction and could be scaled up to calculate what is needed to achieve international goals for ending the species extinction crisis.
Landscape genomics predicts climate change‐related genetic offset for the widespread Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Jia Kai‐Hua , Zhao Wei , Maier Paul Andrew , Hu Xian‐Ge , Jin Yuqing , Zhou Shan‐Shan , Jiao Si‐Qian , El‐Kassaby Yousry A , Wang Tongli , Wang Xiao‐Ru , Mao Jian‐Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying populations' adaptive genetic variation and their response to climate change are critical to reforestation's seed source selection, forest management decisions, and gene conservation. Landscape genomics combined with geographic and environmental information provide an opportunity to interrogate forest populations' genome‐wide variation for understanding the extent to which evolutionary forces shape past and contemporary populations' genetic structure, and identify those populations that may be most at risk under future climate change. Here, we used genotyping by sequencing to generate over 11,000 high‐quality variants from Platycladus orientalis range‐wide collection to evaluate its diversity and to predict genetic offset under future climate scenarios. Platycladus orientalis is a widespread conifer in China with significant ecological, timber, and medicinal values. We found population structure and evidences of isolation by environment, indicative of adaptation to local conditions. Gradient forest modeling identified temperature‐related variables as the most important environmental factors influencing genetic variation and predicted areas with higher risk under future climate change. This study provides an important reference for forest resource management and conservation for P. orientalis.
Benefits of foreign language learning and bilingualism: An analysis of published empirical research 2012–2019
Authors: Fox Rebecca , Corretjer Olga , Webb Kelley 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe 21st century has seen a strong upward trajectory in empirical research on the multiple benefits that foreign language/world language learning and bilingualism can afford to both individuals and society. This analysis of research published from 2012‐2019 extends Fox et al.'s analysis of research published from 2005 to 2011 (Part I). The 100 empirical studies in Part II, drawn from seven data bases, were conducted in multiple countries. Six overarching themes emerged: cognitive abilities and benefits, aging and health, employability, academic achievement, communicative and intercultural competence, and enhanced creativity. Results report multiple cognitive benefits of language study and bi‐multilingualism, particularly later in life, including enhancement of cognitive flexibility, higher cognitive reserve in advanced age, and delay in the onset of dementia. Other results underscore the importance of early and sustained language learning and support for L1 literacy development. Additional results stress the benefits of foreign/world language skills relating to employability and academic achievement and propose that the accumulation of years of language learning positively impacts the development of cross‐cultural awareness and communicative competence. This research illustrates the importance of establishing cross‐/interdisciplinary research and sharing results with language advocates, policy makers, and legislators.
Partial loss of actin nucleator actin‐related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes
Authors: Obeidy Peyman , Ju Lining A , Oehlers Stefan H , Zulkhernain Nursafwana S , Lee Quintin , Galeano Niño Jorge L , Kwan Rain YQ , Tikoo Shweta , Cavanagh Lois L , Mrass Paulus , Cook Adam JL , Jackson Shaun P , Biro Maté , Roediger Ben , Sixt Michael , Weninger Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractT lymphocytes utilize amoeboid migration to navigate effectively within complex microenvironments. The precise rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton required for cellular forward propulsion is mediated by actin regulators, including the actin‐related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, a macromolecular machine that nucleates branched actin filaments at the leading edge. The consequences of modulating Arp2/3 activity on the biophysical properties of the actomyosin cortex and downstream T cell function are incompletely understood. We report that even a moderate decrease of Arp3 levels in T cells profoundly affects actin cortex integrity. Reduction in total F‐actin content leads to reduced cortical tension and disrupted lamellipodia formation. Instead, in Arp3‐knockdown cells, the motility mode is dominated by blebbing migration characterized by transient, balloon‐like protrusions at the leading edge. Although this migration mode seems to be compatible with interstitial migration in three‐dimensional environments, diminished locomotion kinetics and impaired cytotoxicity interfere with optimal T cell function. These findings define the importance of finely tuned, Arp2/3‐dependent mechanophysical membrane integrity in cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte activities.
Neuropsychological Assessment of First‐Year Architecture Students’ Visuospatial Abilities: Overview
Authors: Acar Aktan , Soysal Acar A. Şebnem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFirst‐year architecture students are expected to utilise visuospatial abilities to generate/construct, retain, rotate and manipulate space mentally and physically through physical and digital representations. This study of 57 female and 23 male participants was conducted to investigate first‐year architecture students’ visuospatial abilities by means of the Beck Depression Inventory, Logical Reasoning Test and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test. Participants’ sexes, cognitive development level, depression scale scores, university entrance exam results, vision disorders, physical competences, art training prior to university and error types were the study’s main parameters. The results showed that academic scores of the participants both to enrol in the program and complete the first‐year studio did not correlate with their JLO scores. Nondepressed participants performed better in JLO. Error analyses demonstrated that there is a concentration on certain items according to the test stimulus line positions, especially in females. Those who reported limited physical and visual competency made more mistakes in the same items. The study concludes that sex, depression, and individual differences in physical and visual competency, and art training, are significant variables for visuospatial performance. Judging visuospatial parameters through spatial design exercises is different from having proper methods and instruments to assess the achievements of the students regarding those abilities in architectural design education. It is important to map students’ visuospatial abilities individually from a developmental perspective. There is a strong need to develop 4D psychometric instrument to assess visuospatial abilities.
Disparities in healthcare transition support received by adolescents with special healthcare needs
Authors: Heron Laura M. , Agarwal Rumi , Greenup Joel , Maddux Marlaina , Attong Nicole , Burke Shanna L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransitioning to adult healthcare systems can be challenging, especially if left unaddressed for adolescents with special healthcare needs (ASHCN), such as those with autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. While there is evidence of disparities between different demographics regarding general healthcare services, research on healthcare‐specific transition planning is lacking. Thus, there is a critical need to continually investigate these disparities.MethodUsing nationally representative data from the 2016 National Survey for Children's Health, several analyses were conducted to examine doctor–patient interactions and discussions about transitioning to adult health care. Accounting for demographic and diagnostic indicators allowed for the assessment of disparities.ResultsFindings revealed significant disparities between age, disability and race relative to various healthcare transition support services.ConclusionsFindings provide valuable information that can inform the development of training programmes for healthcare providers, influence policy, modify procedures and interventions and highlight the need for increased advocacy for ASHCN.
Comparing the apple of my eye: Parental reactions to academic social comparisons of their elementary school‐aged children
Authors: Vogels Emily A. , Perunovic Wei Qi Elaine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study examines parents’ reactions to making social comparisons of their children on school‐related domains. Parents (N = 117; ages 25 to 49; 94% women) of elementary school‐age children (ages 5 to 10; 57.3% girls) were recruited online from Facebook parenting groups and several school districts in Atlantic Canada. Participants were randomly assigned to make either an upward, a downward, or a lateral social comparison about their child’s ability in school. Participants reported the time since the event in comparison, their emotional reactions, their evaluations of their child’s ability in the domain, and how important they perceived the domain to be for their child’s future. Domain importance and evaluations of the child’s abilities also were measured prior to making the comparison. Significant differences based on social comparison condition were found for temporal distance, post‐comparison domain importance, and post‐comparison assessments of the child’s ability in the domain. The effect of social comparison on post‐comparison domain importance was not mediated by post‐comparison assessments of the child’s ability, suggesting a direct effect of comparisons on perceived domain importance. These findings suggest that the act of social comparison caused parents to reevaluate the importance of the domain of comparison and their child’s abilities in that domain. Implications for parents and educators are discussed.