bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking carbonate sediment transfer to seafloor morphology: Insights from Exuma Valley, the Bahamas
Authors: Le Goff Johan , Recouvreur Audrey , Reijmer John J.G. , Mulder Thierry , Ducassou Emmanuelle , Perellò Marie‐Claire , Hanquiez Vincent , Gillet Hervé , Cavailhes Thibault , Fabregas Natacha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe depositional record of carbonate slopes provides a valuable archive of past environmental and climatic changes. Modern carbonate slopes reveal morphological variabilities (for example, gullies and canyons) shaped by episodic slope collapses and turbidity currents. Furthermore, climate‐induced fluctuations in sea level regulate sediment availability and delivery to the deep‐sea. Morphological and climatic controls on calciclastic sediment transfer are often complex to decipher. The aim of this study is to link seafloor morphology and depositional processes in an active carbonate submarine channel (Exuma Valley, the Bahamas) over the last 40 kyr. The dataset includes multibeam and seismic surveys, and two sediment cores retrieved from the valley axis. A series of abrupt slope‐breaks, called knickpoints, occurs along Exuma Valley, and plays a key role in sediment transport and accumulation. Initiation processes proposed for knickpoint formation include bank‐collapse, side gully erosion and loss of confinement. Slope collapses detected on the bathymetry prevail in the upstream muddy section of the submarine valley, as attested to by a planktic‐rich debrite–turbidite couplet in the first core. In contrast, the second core collected downstream of the knickpoints train, includes 32 bioclastic sandy event‐beds (i.e. turbidites). Hydrodynamic sorting generates grain segregation (for example, Halimeda‐rich base versus planktic‐rich top) and geochemical contrasts (Sr/Ca) in turbidites. Turbidite frequency and grain composition within beds reflect the variation of carbonate sources during glacial–interglacial periods. This research allows to link slope morphology with deposits of a modern large‐scale carbonate factory, and to deduce sea‐level changes over that last 40 kyr in the Bahamas. These results can provide new perspectives on the understanding of ‘source to sink’ mechanisms in carbonate systems.
Calcite uranium–lead geochronology applied to hardground lithification and sequence boundary dating
Authors: Brigaud Benjamin , Andrieu Simon , Blaise Thomas , Haurine Frédéric , Barbarand Jocelyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHardground discontinuities within carbonate platforms form important stratigraphic surfaces which can be used at basin scale to correlate sequence boundaries. Although these surfaces are commonly used in sequence strati‐graphy, the timing and duration of hardground lithification and the crystallization of early cements remain unexplored. Here, early calcite cements were dated by U‐Pb geochronology for five Jurassic hardgrounds, interpreted as third‐order sequence boundaries, situated within a well‐constrained petrographic, sedimentological and stratigraphic framework. The consistency or the slight deviation between the age of the cements and the stratigraphic age of deposition of the formations illustrate that cementation occurred early in the diagenetic history. The ages obtained on dogtooth cements, replacing aragonite in gastropod shells and pendant cements in intergranular spaces, match those of the standard Jurassic biostratigraphic ammonite Zones, making calcite U‐Pb geochronology a promising method for dating third‐order sequence boundaries of depositional sequences and refining the Jurassic time scale in the future.
Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance
Authors: García‐Hermoso Antonio , Martinez‐Gomez David , del Rosario Fernández‐Santos Jorge , Ortega Francisco B. , Castro‐Piñero José , Hillman Charles H. , Veiga Oscar L. , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene 
Published: September 2020

No studies have analyzed the longitudinal associations of change in physical fitness components and obesity with academic performance. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations of changes in physical fitness components and body mass index with academic performance among youth, and whether the physical fitness components are moderators of the longitudinal association between obesity and academic performance in youth. Longitudinal analyses (2 years) included 1802 youths. Physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health‐related fitness test battery. Academic performance was assessed via school records. Youth in the persistently high cardiorespiratory fitness and motor ability categories (ie, fit at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up) had higher academic performance at follow‐up than those in the persistently low category. Further, youth with normal weight at baseline and overweight/obesity at follow‐up had lower academic performance scores at follow‐up compared to those with normal weight. Also, cardiorespiratory fitness may ameliorate the negative influence of excess body mass index on academic performance at follow‐up. Promoting physical activity programs at school that include both aerobic exercise and motor tasks to improve physical fitness and reduce body mass index may not only improve physical health, but also contribute toward successful academic development.
Performance progression of elite jumpers: Early performances do not predict later success
Authors: Boccia Gennaro , Cardinale Marco , Brustio Paolo Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed (a) to estimate the transition rate for top 50 ranked track and field jumpers, (b) to compare the performance progression of top 50 ranked senior jumpers (top50 senior) to those who failed to be top 50 ranked in the senior category despite being top 50 ranked in the under 18 category (only U18), and (c) to verify whether relative age effect may at least partially explain the differences in the two above‐mentioned subgroups. The career performance trajectories of 5981 athletes (2837 females) competing in jump events from 2000 to 2019 were extracted from the World Athletics database. The all‐time top 50 ranked athletes for each age from 16 years to senior category were identified. Performance progression characteristics were compared using linear mixed‐effects model. Only 8% of males and 16% of females top 50 ranked at the age of 16 years managed to be included among the top50 senior. Only U18subgroup made the first appearance in the database (at 15‐16 years) and reached the peak performance (at 20 years) earlier than top50 senior (17‐18 and 26‐27 years, respectively). The relative age effect was largely present in Only U18 but not in top50 senior subgroups. Most of the early‐successful U18 world‐class jumpers did not manage to maintain the same level of competitiveness in adulthood since they experienced a plateau in performance from 20 years of age. Conversely, top 50 ranked senior jumpers continued to produce consistent performance improvement up to 26‐27 years of age.
The growth of private home care providers in Europe: The case of Ireland
Authors: Mercille Julien , O'Neill Nicholas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrivate for‐profit home care providers have grown unevenly in Europe and through varied processes. Yet, more research focusing directly on private providers is needed to identify and explain European patterns in their growth and in their modes of operation. This paper examines the case of Ireland, where private providers have grown significantly in recent years and transformed the national landscape of domiciliary care. First, it is shown that the amount of public funding received by private providers increased from €3 million in 2006 to €176 million in 2019, in contrast to amounts allocated to non‐profit and public providers that have increased only slightly. Second, those trends are explained through policy analysis and by drawing on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (n = 12) with private home care providers and government officials who have been central to the privatization of care. The paper gives a direct voice to key figures in private home care, and through a critical reading of interview materials, argues that the neoliberal nature of the Irish state has driven the growth of private provision, in particular, through policies of competitive tendering and fiscalization. Providers' own lobbying activities have also played a role, albeit a secondary one. Ireland has traditionally followed a laissez‐faire, family‐based system comparable to Southern European countries. Its experience is thus directly relevant to that region, but further research should also compare and contrast the development of private providers operating in other European long‐term care regimes.
Origin and spatio‐temporal diversification of a fishfly lineage endemic to the islands of East Asia (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)
Authors: Jiang Yunlan , Yang Fan , Yue Lu , Hayashi Fumio , Yang Ding , Liu Xingyue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChauliodinae (fishflies), with their low capacity of long‐distance dispersal represent a suitable model insect group to investigate the biogeographical history. The genus Parachauliodes van der Weele, including the herein synonymized genus Sinochauliodes Liu & Yang, is endemic to East Asia. Here, we reconstruct the interspecific phylogeny of Parachauliodes based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Sinochauliodes syn.n. was recovered with a group of Parachauliodes species and not the sister group; we therefore treat it as the junior synonym of Parachauliodes. Species delimitation was performed combining the molecular identification with morphological evidence, with Parachauliodes inopinatus syn.n. treated as the junior synonym of Parachauliodes asahinai. The spatio‐temporal divergence pattern of Parachauliodes indicates that the genus might have originated from Eurasian continent no later than the early Miocene and the initial divergence within genus was likely to be correlated to the split of southwestern Japanese Islands from the continent. There likely was a southward dispersal in the Parachauliodes japonicus clade from southwestern Japan via the Ryukyus to Taiwan by the end of the Miocene. The present species diversity of the insular lineage of Parachauliodes was possibly shaped by island isolations and sympatric distribution.
Iranian kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 infection: Clinical outcomes and cytomegalovirus coinfection
Authors: Molaei Hamideh , Khedmat Leila , Nemati Eghlim , Rostami Zohreh , Saadat Seyed Hassan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high risk of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) because of chronic immunosuppression and severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis.Case presentationA case series of 10 KTRs with COVID‐19 in Iran was developed. Participants consisted of two female and eight male patients, aged 46‐68 years old. The data related to clinical laboratory tests, outcomes, diagnosis, and drug treatments were collected. The RT‐PCR confirmed the COVID‐19 infection in KTRs. The assessment of serum biochemical and blood hematological factors showed that there was a strong correlation between COVID‐19 intensity and high serum Cr, BUN, and ALT levels, high CRP concentration, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts in male KTRs. Ground‐glass opacity (GGO) was the main radiologic pattern visible on both chest radiographs of computed tomography scans. The COVID‐19 and CMV coinfection in KTRs resulted in large‐size kidneys with severe parenchymal echogenicity and hydronephrosis. The combined use of effective antibiotic and antiviral drugs was suitable to prevent COVID‐19 progression in KTRs.ConclusionsThe coincidence of COVID‐19 and CMV in KTRs may potentially increase the mortality risk of patients. The levels of Cr, BUN, ALT, and CRP as well as lymphocytes count in these patients should be continuously controlled.
Peripartum hyperhemolysis prophylaxis and management in sickle cell disease: A case report and narrative review
Authors: Vasanthamohan Lakshman , Choo Sheryl , Marshall Tonisha , Symons Yahui Tammy , Matsui Doreen , Eastabrook Genevieve , Solh Ziad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with hematologic complications including delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) and pregnancy‐related morbidity and mortality. Hyperhemolysis syndrome (HS) is the most severe form of DHTR in patients with SCD, in which both transfused and native red blood cells are destroyed. Further transfusions are avoided after a history of HS. Immunosuppressive agents can be used as prophylaxis against life‐threatening hemolysis when transfusion is necessary. There is a paucity of evidence for the use of HS prophylaxis before transfusions, the continuation of hydroxyurea (HU) in lieu of chronic transfusion, and the use of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESA) in pregnant SCD patients.Case ReportWe present a case of a pregnant patient with SCD and a previous history of HS. HS prophylaxis was given before transfusion with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. In addition, HU was continued during pregnancy to control SCD, along with the use of concomitant ESA to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels and avoid transfusion. We describe a multidisciplinary approach to pregnancy and delivery management including tailored anesthetic and obstetric planning.ConclusionThis is the first published case of HS prophylaxis in a pregnant SCD patient, with good maternal and fetal outcomes after transfusion. HU and ESAs were able to control SCD and mitigate anemia in lieu of prophylactic transfusions during pregnancy. Further prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the ideal management of pregnant SCD patients with a history of HS or other contraindications to chronic transfusion.
Dermatophytosis with concurrent Trichophyton verrucosum and T. benhamiae in calves after long‐term transport
Authors: Łagowski Dominik , Gnat Sebastian , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Osińska Marcelina , Trościańczyk Aleksandra , Zięba Przemysław 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDermatophytosis is a common problem in cattle. The aetiological factors associated with this disease are filamentous fungi with the ability to digest and grow on keratinized substrates. In cattle, and less frequently in other domestic animals and people, the dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum is most commonly isolated from skin lesions. The dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae is an important zoonotic pathogen, and the main sources of transmission are guinea pigs and other small rodents.ObjectivesIn this report, we show multispecies infection in calves (Bos taurus) after long‐term transport and vaccination against trichophytosis.AnimalsSixty animals were imported of which 32 were observed to be affected with superficial infection nine to 12 days after vaccination for dermatophytosis.Methods and materialsDiagnosis was made correlating the clinical signs with a micro‐ and macroscopic examination of cultured fungi. Molecular differentiation was used to confirm the species affiliation.ResultsEight of the calves were infected with T. verrucosum alone, and 24 calves with both T. verrucosum and T. benhamiae. We suggest that the cause of this large outbreak was immunosuppression of the animals resulting from the stress of transport and administration of vaccine.ConclusionBoth T. verrucosum and T. benhamiae can be seen concurrently in cattle.
Pathway to STEM
Authors: Kelly Caitlin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
STEM education, encompassing engineering and technology as well as science and math, was identified as a national crisis as long ago as 2005, when the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published the report, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. In 2007, Congress passed a law intended, in part, to improve STEM teaching. Fast forward to 2020 and the question is: Has the new emphasis on STEM education changed anything?
Aspects of Gas Turbine Thermal Efficiency
Authors: Langston Lee S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the family of heat engines, the gas turbine is unique in that it is used to produce two different kinds of useful power. By converting combusted fuel heat into work, a gas turbine engine can produce external shaft power (e.g., to drive a connected electric generator) or jet power (e.g., as a jet engine, to produce thrust forces to propel an aircraft). This means that the gas turbine’s thermodynamic figure of merit, thermal efficiency, is multifaceted, and calls for a nuanced examination.
Structural and Electrical Study of Boron Doped Ceria Ceramics Electrolytes for SOFC
Authors: Hussain M. Jafar , Ahmed Basharat , Ahmad M. Ashfaq , Raza Rizwan , Khan M. Ajmal , Syed W. A. A. , Hussain Fida , Abbas Ghazanfar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The world’s present reserves in terms of fossil fuels are exhausting speedily. Such rapid energy consumption can be caused of unsustainable worldwide progress. Therefore, the researcher’s challenge is to identify the most efficient and economical energy conversion method to provide a viable replacement for the ongoing conventional energy converters. In this context, fuel cell technology (solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)) can play a key role and convert hydrocarbon energy into electrical energy. The conventional electrolyte YSZ based SOFCs work at high temperature ∼1000 °C. In this present research, the new ceramics electrolytes materials boron doped ceria (BDC) have been developed by auto-combustion technique. The prepared materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM. The crystallite sizes of all prepared samples are in the range of 50–80 nm applying Scherer’s formula. The electrical studies and fuel cell performance have been completed at temperature ≤ 700 °C. The doping of boron into ceria has significantly improved the electrical conduction of pure ceria oxide which has been studied using four-probe setup. The maximum ionic conductivity and power density of B0.20:Ce0.80 (molar ratio) electrolyte material named as E4 have been achieved and found to be 0.09 S/cm at 700 °C and 198.125 mW/cm2 at 650 °C. It has been observed that all electrochemical results are consistent with the doping of boron into ceria.
Microstructure and Corrosion of Laser Cladding Coatings on Titanium Alloy With Nd2O3
Authors: Han Guangyu , Zhang Youfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Composite coatings of TiB were successfully obtained on the surface of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy by in situ laser cladding technology using Ti/B/Nd2O3 powders. The microstructure and corrosion resistance of the fabricated composite coatings were investigated because relevant studies have been thus far limited in this field. The results indicate that the cladding coating and the substrate combined well via metallurgy after laser cladding treatment, and no obvious cracks were observed in the cladding coatings. The coatings comprise only the TiB and the α-Ti phase. The addition of Nd2O3 promoted the formation of a uniform and refined microstructure of the cladding coatings, and a well-defined structure was obtained when the added Nd2O3 content was 2 wt%. The microhardness of the cladding coating obviously improved by 3 to 4 fold above that of the Ti–6Al–4V substrate. Moreover, the corrosion properties significantly improved by adding Nd2O3 into the coatings. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and polarization tests showed that the best corrosion resistance of the cladding coating was achieved with the addition of 2 wt% Nd2O3. All samples revealed obvious near-capacitive behavior after immersion in a corrosive medium.
Long-term trends in the prescription of antidiabetic drugs: real-world evidence from the Diabetes Registry Tyrol 2012–2018
Authors: Engler Clemens , Leo Marco , Pfeifer Bernhard , Juchum Martin , Chen-Koenig Di , Poelzl Karin , Schoenherr Hans , Vill David , Oberdanner Juliana , Eisendle Egon , Middeldorf Klaus , Heindl Bernhard , Gaenzer Hannes , Bode Gerald , Kirchmeyr Karl , Ladner Guenther , Rieger Lisa , Koellensperger Ursula , Schwaiger Andrea , Stoeckl Florian , Zangerl Guenther , Lechleitner Monika , Delmarko Irmgard , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Rissbacher Clemens , Tilg Herbert , Ebenbichler Christoph 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPrescription patterns of antidiabetic drugs in the period from 2012 to 2018 were investigated based on the Diabetes Registry Tyrol. To validate the findings, we compared the numbers with trends of different national registries conducted in a comparable period of time.Research design and methodsMedication data, prescription patterns, age groups, antidiabetic therapies and quality parameters (hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, complications) of 10 875 patients with type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2018 were retrospectively assessed and descriptively analyzed. The changes were assessed using a time series analysis with linear regression and prescription trends were plotted over time.ResultsSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) showed a significant increase in prescription from 2012 to 2018 (p<0.001), as well as metformin (p=0.002), gliptins (p=0.013) and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1a) (p=0.017). Significant reduction in sulfonylurea prescriptions (p<0.001) was observed. Metformin was the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drug (51.3%), followed by insulin/analogs (34.6%), gliptins (28.2%), SGLT-2i (11.7%), sulfonylurea (9.1%), glitazones (3.7%), GLP-1a (2.8%) and glucosidase inhibitors (0.4%).ConclusionsIn this long-term, real-world study on prescription changes in the Diabetes Registry Tyrol, we observed significant increase in SGLT-2i, metformin, gliptins and GLP-1a prescriptions. In contrast prescriptions for sulfonylureas declined significantly. Changes were consistent over the years 2012–2018. Changes in prescription patterns occurred even before the publication of international and national guidelines. Thus, physicians change their prescription practice not only based on published guidelines, but even earlier on publication of cardiovascular outcome trials.