bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectrophoretically Modulated Optical Spectroscopy of Colloidal Nanoparticle Solutions in Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Midelet Clyde , Werts Martinus H. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptical spectroscopic techniques (e.g., extinction, scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopies) are important for the analysis of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles (NPs). They are routinely applied to plasmonic and quantum‐dot NP samples assuming that these contain a single population of particles with modest size and shape dispersity. However, these spectroscopic techniques become less effective when the sample is a mixture of particles with different sizes, shapes, or composition. Here, an original microfluidic method is proposed for the optical spectroscopic analysis of colloidal NP solutions that combines periodic trapping of NPs by dielectrophoresis (DEP) with in situ optical extinction spectroscopy. The periodic trapping leads to modulation of the continuously monitored optical spectrum depending on the DEP properties of the NPs. DEP‐modulated spectroscopy is demonstrated using colloidal gold NPs as small as 40 nm diameter. It is found that the DEP modulation is significantly enhanced when employing suitable microfluidic flow over a multielectrode array. Finally, it is shown that the method can identify and characterize the NP species simultaneously present in a mixture of 40 and 80 nm gold NPs, opening the way toward optical spectroscopic analysis of higher complexity NP mixtures through the combination of the DEP‐modulated spectroscopy with chemometric methods.
Functional analysis of an upregulated calmodulin gene related to the acaricidal activity of curcumin against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)
Authors: Zhou Hong , Guo Fuyou , Luo Jinxiang , Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Jinlin , Zhang Yanchun , Zheng Xinyu , Wan Fenglin , Ding Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurcumin is a promising botanical acaricidal compound with activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Calmodulin (CaM) is a key calcium ion (Ca2+) sensor that plays a vital role in calcium signaling. Overexpression of the CaM gene with inducible character occurs in curcumin‐treated mites, but its functional role remains to be further analyzed by RNA interference (RNAi) and protein expression.RESULTSA CaM gene was cloned from T. cinnabarinus (designated TcCaM). TcCaM was upregulated and the protein was activated in mites by curcumin. The susceptibility of mites to curcumin was decreased after inhibiting CaM function with anti‐CaM drug trifluoperazine (TFP) and silencing CaM transcription with RNAi, suggesting that the CaM gene is involved in the acaricidal activity of curcumin against mites. Moreover, the TFP pre‐treated Sf9 cells were resistant to curcumin‐mediated increase in [Ca2+]i levels, indicating that CaM‐mediated Ca2+ homeostasis was disturbed by curcumin. TcCaM was then re‐engineered for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Strikingly, our results showed that the recombinant CaM protein was directly activated by curcumin via inducing its conformational changes, its half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value is 0.3 μmol L‐1 in vitro, which is similar to curcumin against CaM‐expressing Sf9 cells (0.76 μmol L‐1) in vivo.CONCLUSIONThese results confirm that the overexpressed CaM gene is involved in the acaricidal activity of curcumin, and the mode of action of curcumin may be via activating CaM function, and thereby disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis in T. cinnabarinus. This study highlights the novel target mechanism of new acaricides, promoting our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CaM‐mediated acaricide targets in mites.
Preliminary exploration of robotic complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer with the domestically produced Chinese minimally invasive Micro Hand S surgical robot system
Authors: Li Jianmin , Zhu Shaihong , Juan Jiang , Yi Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize our initial experience with robot‐assisted complete mesocolic excision (R‐CME) using a domestically produced Chinese surgical robot by a short‐term evaluation.MethodsFrom March 2018 to December 2018, 25 patients with colon cancer underwent Micro Hand S R‐CME. The operative findings, morbidities and oncological findings were analysed.ResultThe median operative duration was 210 (range, 180–235) min, and the median estimated blood loss volume was 55 (range, 25–125) ml. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 42 (range, 21–77), and the median length of hospital stay after the operation was 7 (range, 5–9) days. There were no severe complications except for seven cases of grade I complications and five cases of grade II complications. The conversion rate was 0%. There were no cases of 30‐day readmission or 30‐day mortality.ConclusionR‐CME using a domestically produced surgical robot for selected colon cancer patients is technically feasible and safe.
The Science of Learning to Read Words: A Case for Systematic Phonics Instruction
Authors: Ehri Linnea C. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe author reviews theory and research by Ehri and her colleagues to document how a scientific approach has been applied over the years to conduct controlled studies whose findings reveal how beginners learn to read words in and out of text. Words may be read by decoding letters into blended sounds or by predicting words from context, but the way that contributes most to reading and comprehending text is reading words automatically from memory by sight. The evidence shows that words are read from memory when graphemes are connected to phonemes. This bonds spellings of individual words to their pronunciations along with their meanings in memory. Readers must know grapheme–phoneme relations and have decoding skill to form connections, and must read words in text to associate spellings with meanings. Readers move through four developmental phases as they acquire knowledge about the alphabetic writing system and apply it to read and write words and build their sight vocabularies. Grapheme–phoneme knowledge and phonemic segmentation are key foundational skills that launch development followed subsequently by knowledge of syllabic and morphemic spelling–sound units. Findings show that when spellings attach to pronunciations and meanings in memory, they enhance memory for vocabulary words. This research underscores the importance of systematic phonics instruction that teaches students the knowledge and skills that are essential in acquiring word‐reading skill.
The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for discriminating neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Stock Ricarda , Jeckel Pauline , Kraushaar Udo , Wüst Richard , Fallgatter Andreas , Volkmer Hansjürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudying human disease-specific processes and mechanisms in vitro is limited by a lack of valid human test systems. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) evolve as an important and promising tool to better understand the molecular pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Patient-derived iPSCs enable analysis of unique disease mechanisms and may also serve for preclinical drug development. Here, we review the current knowledge on iPSC models for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on the discrimination between them. It appears that transcriptomic analyses and functional read-outs are the most promising approaches to uncover specific disease mechanisms in vitro.
Comparison between Lacunary and Saturated Keggin Polyoxometalates as Steel Corrosion Inhibitors in Chloride Solution: Contribution of the Lacuna in the Inhibition Mechanism
Authors: Romaric Wamba Tchio Odilon , Pengou Martin , Baumier Cédric , Franger Sylvain , Teillout Anne‐Lucie , Martyr Mbomekallé Israël , De Oliveira Pedro , Péguy Nanseu‐Njiki Charles , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of two lacunary Keggin polyoxometalates (K7[PW11O39].14H2O and K9[AlW11O39].15H2O) on the corrosion inhibition of XC38 steel in 0.1 M NaCl was investigated. Electrochemical methods (polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) showed that the presence of controlled amounts of these compounds improved protection of the steel against corrosion. These results were supported by surface analysis, where only a minor amount of rust was produced on metal surface in the presence of polyoxometalates (POMs). The lacunary POMs were more efficient compared to their saturated species, highlighting the key role played by the lacuna on the inhibition process. Efficiency of POMs (both saturated and lacunary) was explained by their ability to increase the Fe(II)/Fe(III) molar ratio in greenish protective oxide layer formed upon steel oxidation. The mechanism proposed clearly explains the higher efficiency observed with lacunary POMs, in relation to their ability to react with free Fe(III) to yield a substituted structure.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Rambutan‐like ZnO@SrTiO3/TiO2 Microsphere
Authors: Zhao Wei , Guo Jingjing , Wang Hongxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDesigning gradient energy levels is an effective method to improve the photocatalytic performance of the semiconductor materials. In this work, we propose a core‐shell structured material with micro‐sized spherical SrTiO3/TiO2 (abbreviated as SrT) as the core material, and the rod‐shaped ZnO shell attaching on the surface of SrT, which forms a hierarchical spherical composite with rambutan‐like shape. During the synthesis process, ZnO seeds are coated on the surface of SrT microspheres firstly, and then they transfer to nanorods with a diameter of 60–70 nm and a length of less than 100 nm under the growth solution medium at 90 °C with the volume ratio of zinc nitrate to hexamethylenetetramine (abbreviated as HMT) is 1 : 1 and the concentration is 0.05 mol/L. This structure may further facilitate the separation of the photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs and widen the photocatalytic applications of perovskite structured SrTiO3 or anatase structured TiO2 with visible excitation response.
High Performance Magnetically Separable G‐C3N4/γ‐Fe2O3/TiO2 Nanocomposite with Boosted Photocatalytic Capability towards the Cefixime Trihydrate Degradation under Visible‐Light
Authors: Jahanshahi Roya , Sobhani Sara , Sansano José Miguel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA magnetically separable g‐C3N4/γ‐Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposite is synthesized as an intensely effectual visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst. It is fully characterized by FT‐IR, XPS, XRD, VSM, DRS, SEM, TEM, BET, EDS, and elemental mapping techniques. Based on the Tauc plot of (αhν)2 vs. hυ, the value of band gap energy for g‐C3N4/γ‐Fe2O3/TiO2 is estimated to be 2.6 eV, which proves the high capability of the catalyst to enhance the photoinduced electron‐holes separation and improves its visible‐light photocatalytic performance. The high photocatalytic activity of this catalyst towards the cefixime trihydrate (CEF) degradation, under visible‐light radiation can be ascribed to the synergistic optical effects between g‐C3N4, γ‐Fe2O3, and TiO2. Using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM), the maximum degradation efficiency of about 98 % was obtained at the optimal conditions comprising the CEF amount of 20 mg/L, photocatalyst value of 0.04 g/L, irradiation intensity of 9 W/m2, and pH of 5.5, at 90 min. Utilizing an innocuous visible‐light source, almost complete mineralization of CEF (based on TOC analysis), using a very low amount of photocatalyst, applying air as the oxidant, and convenient magnetic separation of the catalyst from the reaction media and its ease of recycling for at least seven consecutive runs are the major highlights of this protocol.
Electronic Structure Tuning of 2D Metal (Hydr)oxides Nanosheets for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Song Yanhui , Xu Bingshe , Liao Ting , Guo Junjie , Wu Yucheng , Sun Ziqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets have captured increasing interest in electrocatalytic applications aroused by their high specific surface areas, enriched chemically active sites, tunable physiochemical properties, etc. In particular, the electrocatalytic reactivities of materials greatly rely on their surface electronic structures. Generally speaking, the electronic structures of catalysts can be well adjusted via controlling their morphologies, defects, and heterostructures. In this Review, the latest advances in 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are first reviewed, including the applications in electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction. Then, the electronic structure–property relationships of 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are discussed to draw a picture of enhancing the electrocatalysis performances through a series of electronic structure tuning strategies. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and the trends for the future design of 2D metal (hydr)oxide electrocatalysts with prominent catalytic activity are outlined. It is expected that this Review can shed some light on the design of next generation electrocatalysts.
Lead‐halides Perovskite Visible Light Photoredox Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Murugesh V. , Singh Surya Prakash 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLead‐halide perovskites has grabbed great attention in recent years due to its unique photophysical and electrical properties. It has open new window in organic solar cell application for commercial point. Research has extended its application further towards visible light photoredox catalysts for organic synthesis. Due to intrinsic redox properties, sharp absorption and emissions patterns makes lead‐halide perovskites as promising photoredox catalyst. In the presence of light, perovskite absorbs light, generates electrons/holes, which can reduce or oxidize species at reactive centres of organic molecule, leads to organic transformation. Lead‐halide perovskites are used as heterogeneous catalysts for small molecules activations like CO, CH4 and NO, also suitable photocatalysts for organic bond formations, oxidations, reductions, polymerizations and dimerization transformations. Recent literatures have set another milestone for perovskite materials in organic synthesis. This review provides information on lead‐halides perovskite in visible‐light photoredox catalysis such as C−C, C−X (X‐halo, hetero atom) bond formations C−H arylation.
CaCO3 as a new member of high solar‐reflective filler on the cooling property in polymer composites
Authors: Tao Yiyi , Mao Zepeng , Yang Zhangbin , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most commonly used inorganic filler in polymer materials to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the costs. However, there are few reports on the preparation of cooling materials using CaCO3. In this study, CaCO3 was introduced into the polymer matrix as a solar reflective filler to prepare passive cooling materials. Specifically, the influences of CaCO3 content on the structure and performances of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/CaCO3 composite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle test, surface roughness and glossiness, solar reflectivity, thermal emissivity, temperature test and mechanical property characterization. When the volume fraction of CaCO3 reaches 67%, the total solar reflectance of PVC/CaCO3 composite films is 80.8%, which is 351.4% higher than that of PVC films. CaCO3 powder has little influence on the thermal emissivity of the atmospheric window (3‐5 μm and 8‐13 μm) of the composite films, which remains at a high level about 0.86. In temperature test, the final temperature of sample 67 v% is only 26.8°C, which is only 2.8°C higher than the room temperature and 22.2°C lower than that of PVC films. For comparison, the cooling performance of PVC/titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite films with 10 v% TiO2 was also measured, and the final temperature is 29.1°C, even 2.3°C higher than that of PVC/CaCO3 composite films with 67 v% CaCO3. In this study, the cost‐effective and solar‐reflective PVC/CaCO3 composites have potential application in cooling material field.
Hazardous wastes treatment technologies
Authors: Yu Yu Han , Su Jenn Fang , Shih Yujen , Wang Jianmin , Wang Po Yen , Huang Chin Pao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA review of the literature published in 2019 on topics related to hazardous waste management in water, soils, sediments, and air. The review covered treatment technologies applying physical, chemical, and biological principles for the remediation of contaminated water, soils, sediments, and air.Practical points

This report provides a review of technologies for the management of waters, wastewaters, air, sediments, and soils contaminated by various hazardous chemicals including inorganic (e.g., oxyanions, salts, and heavy metals), organic (e.g., halogenated, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, and persistent organic chemicals) in three scientific areas of physical, chemical, and biological methods.

Physical methods for the management of hazardous wastes including general adsorption, sand filtration, coagulation/flocculation, electrodialysis, electrokinetics, electro‐sorption ( capacitive deionization, CDI), membrane (RO, NF, MF), photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical oxidation, sonochemical, non‐thermal plasma, supercritical fluid, electrochemical oxidation, and electrochemical reduction processes were reviewed.

Chemical methods including ozone‐based, hydrogen peroxide‐based, potassium permanganate processes, and Fenton and Fenton‐like process were reviewed.

Biological methods such as aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic, bioreactors, constructed wetlands, soil bioremediation and biofilter processes for the management of hazardous wastes, in mode of consortium and pure culture were reviewed.

Case histories were reviewed in four areas including contaminated sediments, contaminated soils, mixed industrial solid wastes and radioactive wastes.
Safety and Security: The Challenges of Bringing Them Together
Authors: Pettersen Gould Kenneth , Bieder Corinne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks back at how safety and security have developed in hazardous technologies and activities, explaining what has become an intersection between the two in both strategies and management practices. We argue for the connection to be made between social expectations of safe and secure societies and the limits to management and technical performance. In the first part of the chapter, conceptual similarities and differences are addressed and we distinguish three scientific and contextual vantage points for addressing how safety and security are converging: the conceptual approach, the technical and methodological approach, and the management and practice approach. We then go on to show that, as professional areas, safety and security have developed in different ways and supported by quite separate scientific and technological fields. Finally, we present the organization of the book.
The Interface of Safety and Security; The Workplace
Authors: Boustras George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
9/11 had a great impact on the development and occurrence of high publicity security-related incidents. One of the biggest impacts was that to public health, due to an increase in psychosocial issues. Cybersecurity incidents and processes of radicalization (either due to religious, political, or economic reasons) can have a direct result on the workplace as well as at the organizational level, which in turn can affect the worker. The aim of this chapter is to explain the main factors linking safety and security, creating a new area for workplace health and safety, that of the “interface of safety and security”.
Exploring the Interrelations Between Safety and Security: Research and Management Challenges
Authors: Bieder Corinne , Pettersen Gould Kenneth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the research and management challenges related to the safety and security nexus. In the first part, we address the conceptual connections between safety and security and discuss how different perspectives on how they come together allows for characterizing the complexity and ambivalence of their interrelations. We then go on to identify tradeoffs between safety and security and show that these exist both in theory and practice. Managing both safety and security means tradeoffs and power relations between internal entities and professionals, but also beyond its own boundaries since some vulnerabilities escape the organization’s scope. In the final part of the chapter, we argue that addressing the interrelations between safety and security poses managerial and research challenges that call for global approaches to apprehend the multiple facets of the issue. We explain that little has been done on how the global trends of the risk society bring with them unanticipated and “hidden” effects on organizations safety and security practices and that it is here, as a macro-global oriented approach to organizational safety and security research, that the two fields of safety and security confront a shared research agenda.
The Concepts of Risk, Safety, and Security: A Fundamental Exploration and Understanding of Similarities and Differences
Authors: Blokland Peter J. , Reniers Genserik L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
When discussing the concepts of risk, safety, and security, people have an intuitive understanding of what these concepts mean and to a certain level, this understanding is universal. However, when delving into the meaning of the words and concepts in order to fully understand all their aspects, one is likely to fall into a semantic debate and ontological discussions. As such, this chapter explores the similarities and differences behind the perceptions to come to a fundamental understanding of the concepts, proposing a common semantic and ontological ground for safety and security science, introducing a definition of objectives as a central starting point in the study and management of risk, safety, and security.
Safety Versus Security in Aviation
Authors: Wipf Heinz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The two domains safety and security have traditionally been kept separated in aviation. While the first treats risks associated with aviation activities, the latter safeguards civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. While national and international guidelines exist in addressing the installation of risk management for organizations having hazardous operations in aviation, an appropriate application of established assessment techniques, both quantitative and qualitative are crucial to both domains. For an incorrect hazard identification and the quantification of an adverse outcome may strongly affect both the level of protection and the investments required to reach it. The empirical example and data shown stem from safety risk assessments in HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service) flight operations. These flight operations use advanced instrument flight procedures in obstacle rich environments under low visibility conditions and are therefore a safety concern on the one hand. On the other hand, one analyzes security, whenever HEMS flights are operated in adverse weather conditions, having as a sole navigation source signals from a global navigation satellite constellation. A traditional safety risk assessment (Wipf in Aviation risk and safety management, Springer, p 108, 1) under these circumstances, considers only factors of human performance under technical failure conditions. A security analysis, however, should treat all forms of jamming, meaconing, and spoofing of the satellite signals and the adverse impact on the performance of the receiver to calculate a valid position. The chapter illustrates to which extent commonalities reign in both domains and where practices go separate ways.