bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Tunable Fano Resonance in a Liquid Crystal‐Based Colloidal Metamaterial
Authors: Bhardwaj Amit , Sridurai Vimala , Puthoor Navas Meleth , Nair Aswathi B. , Ahuja Tripti , Nair Geetha G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA colloidal metamaterial composite, realized by dispersing sub‐micrometer‐sized high refractive index dielectric resonators (selenium) in a nematic liquid crystal medium, exhibits electrically tunable Mie resonances in the optical regime. Darkfield hyperspectral imaging reveals that when the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) molecules reorient from the pristine planar state on application of an AC electric field, the scattered image from the particle splits into two, owing to the birefringence of the NLC medium. At higher voltages, a doughnut‐shaped scattering pattern is obtained, indicating the occurrence of Fano resonance. The analysis of the darkfield scattering spectra based on the “Multi‐pole Fano interference model” confirms the presence of Fano resonance arising due to the interference between the broad electric dipolar and narrow electric quadrupolar modes. With increasing voltage, the value of Fano parameterqdecreases and approaches unity corresponding to an ideal Fano shape. Thus, the inherent optical anisotropy of the NLC medium and Fano coupling between the Mie resonant modes lead to highly reversible changes in the far‐field scattering pattern with potential applications in refractive index sensing, wave‐guiding, etc.
Senescence‐related translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate in rice leaf sheaths under different nitrogen supply
Authors: Zakari Shamsu Ado , Asad Muhammad‐Asad‐Ullah , Han Zhanyu , Guan Xianyue , Zaidi Syed‐Hassan‐Raza , Gang Pan , Cheng Fangmin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe translocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) from leaf sheaths to filling grains after anthesis contributed greatly to the grain yield of cereal crops. In this study, the effect of nitrogen (N) supply levels on the accumulation and translocation of NSC in leaf sheath tissues and its relationship with the initiation and progression of leaf senescence during grain filling was investigated using two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, namely, premature flag leaf senescence mutant (psf) and its wild‐type. Three N treatment levels were used to examine N‐supply induced alteration in the activities of several key enzymes involved in NSC translocation and N assimilation in different leaf sheaths. The results show that the NSC translocation rate in leaf sheaths under low nitrogen (LN) treatment was significantly higher than those under normal nitrogen (NN) and high nitrogen (HN) treatments. However, the positive effect of LN on the NSC translocation in leaf sheath was closely associated with its negative effect on grain yield, due to accelerated leaf senescence and shortened leaf longevity. Comparatively, the upper‐positional sheath had a lower NSC amount and higher NSC translocation rate than the lower‐leaf sheaths after heading. High N suppressed sucrose‐phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaf sheaths, but enhanced the activity of key enzymes involving in N assimilation in leaf sheaths. The upper sheath had higher activity of sucrose‐metabolizing enzymes and lower activity of N‐assimilating enzymes. Hence, the upper‐leaf sheath had a relatively weak N assimilation and stronger NSC translocation than the lower‐leaf sheaths.
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: De novo variants and evidence for mutational burden in genes associated with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep H. , Charng Wu‐Lin , Azamian Mahshid , Paine Ingrid S. , Punetha Jaya , Grochowski Christopher M. , Gambin Tomasz , Valdes Santiago O. , Cannon Bryan , Zapata Gladys , Hernandez Patricia P. , Jhangiani Shalini , Doddapaneni Harsha , Hu Jianhong , Boricha Fatima , Muzny Donna M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Yang Yaping , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Wehrens Xander H. T. , Belmont John W. , Kim Jeffrey J. , Miyake Christina Y. , Lupski James R. , Lalani Seema R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is a relatively common arrhythmia affecting ~1–3/1,000 individuals. Mutations in PRKAG2 have been described in rare patients in association with cardiomyopathy. However, the genetic basis of WPW in individuals with a structurally normal heart remains poorly understood. Sudden death due to atrial fibrillation (AF) can also occur in these individuals. Several studies have indicated that despite ablation of an accessory pathway, the risk of AF remains high in patients compared to general population.MethodsWe applied exome sequencing in 305 subjects, including 65 trios, 80 singletons, and 6 multiple affected families. We used de novo analysis, candidate gene approach, and burden testing to explore the genetic contributions to WPW.ResultsA heterozygous deleterious variant in PRKAG2 was identified in one subject, accounting for 0.6% (1/151) of the genetic basis of WPW in this study. Another individual with WPW and left ventricular hypertrophy carried a known pathogenic variant in MYH7. We found rare de novo variants in genes associated with arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy (ANK2, NEBL, PITX2, and PRDM16) in this cohort. There was an increased burden of rare deleterious variants (MAF ≤ 0.005) with CADD score ≥ 25 in genes linked to AF in cases compared to controls (P = .0023).ConclusionsOur findings show an increased burden of rare deleterious variants in genes linked to AF in WPW syndrome, suggesting that genetic factors that determine the development of accessory pathways may be linked to an increased susceptibility of atrial muscle to AF in a subset of patients.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−S Coupling of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Dialkylcarbamodithioic Acid Salts
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Zhang Qiaoling , Zheng Wenting , Yang Hongqin , Zeng Qingle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of (chiral) alkyl dialkylcarbamodithioates via a CuI‐catalyzed C−S cross‐coupling reaction of (chiral) quaternary ammonium salts and (chiral) dialkylcarbamodithioic acid salts has been developed. C−S coupling products were obtained with extremely high ee values and yields, with enantioenriched arylmethyl trimethylammonium triflates affording the inverse absolute configuration.
New Radical Borylation Pathways for Organoboron Synthesis Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Qi Jing , Zhang Feng‐Lian , Jin Ji‐Kang , Zhao Qiang , Li Bin , Liu Lin‐Xuan , Wang Yi‐Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadical borylation using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐BH3 complexes as boryl radical precursors has emerged as an important synthetic tool for organoboron assembly. However, the majority of reported methods are limited to reaction modes involving carbo‐ and/or hydroboration of specific alkenes and alkynes. Moreover, the generation of NHC‐boryl radicals relies principally on hydrogen atom abstraction with the aid of radical initiators. A distinct radical generation method is reported, as well as the reaction pathways of NHC‐boryl radicals enabled by photoredox catalysis. NHC‐boryl radicals are generated via a single‐electron oxidation and subsequently undergo cross‐coupling with the in‐situ‐generated radical anions to yield gem‐difluoroallylboronates. A photoredox‐catalyzed radical arylboration reaction of alkenes was achieved using cyanoarenes as arylating components from which elaborated organoborons were accessed. Mechanistic studies verified the oxidative formation of NHC‐boryl radicals through a single‐electron‐transfer pathway.
Discovery of Chemicals to Either Clear or Indicate Amyloid Aggregates by Targeting Memory‐Impairing Anti‐Parallel Aβ Dimers
Authors: Lee Jinny Claire , Kim Hye Yun , Lee Sejin , Shin Jisu , Kim Hyunjin Vincent , Kim Kyeonghwan , Baek Seungyeop , Lee Donghee , Jeon Hanna , Kim DaWon , Yang Seung‐Hoon , Han Gyoonhee , Park Keunwan , Choi Jaeho , Park Jinwoo , Moss Jason A. , Janda Kim D. , Kim YoungSoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers are implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, their unstable nature and heterogeneous state disrupts elucidation of their explicit role in AD progression, impeding the development of tools targeting soluble Aβ oligomers. Herein parallel and anti‐parallel variants of Aβ(1–40) dimers were designed and synthesized, and their pathogenic properties in AD models characterized. Anti‐parallel dimers induced cognitive impairments with increased amyloidogenesis and cytotoxicity, and this dimer was then used in a screening platform. Through screening, two FDA‐approved drugs, Oxytetracycline and Sunitinib, were identified to dissociate Aβ oligomers and plaques to monomers in 5XFAD transgenic mice. In addition, fluorescent Astrophloxine was shown to detect aggregated Aβ in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid samples of AD mice. This screening platform provides a stable and homogeneous environment for observing Aβ interactions with dimer‐specific molecules.
A Hydrogen‐Deficient Nickel–Cobalt Double Hydroxide for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Jia‐Qi , Xi Cong , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Zou Cheng‐Qin , Zhang Rui , Xie Ya‐Meng , Guo Zhong‐Lu , Tang Cheng‐Chun , Dong Cun‐Ku , Chen Yong‐Jun , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and low‐cost photocatalysts for overall water splitting has long been a pursuit for converting solar power into clean hydrogen energy. Herein, we demonstrate that a nonstoichiometric nickel–cobalt double hydroxide can achieve overall water splitting by itself upon solar light irradiation, avoiding the consumption of noble‐metal co‐catalysts. We employed an intensive laser to ablate a NiCo alloy target immersed in alkaline solution, and produced so‐called L‐NiCo nanosheets with a nonstoichiometric composition and O2−/Co3+ ions exposed on the surface. The nonstoichiometric composition broadens the band gap, while O2− and Co3+ ions boost hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively. As such, the photocatalyst achieves a H2 evolution rate of 1.7 μmol h−1 under AM 1.5G sunlight irradiation and an apparent quantum yield (AQE) of 1.38 % at 380 nm.
Gamma‐Ray Irradiation to Accelerate Crystallization of Mesoporous Zeolites
Authors: Chen Xinqing , Qiu Minghuang , Li Shenggang , Yang Chengguang , Shi Lei , Zhou Shiju , Yu Gan , Ge Lixia , Yu Xing , Liu Ziyu , Sun Nannan , Zhang Kun , Wang Hui , Wang Mouhua , Zhong Liangshu , Sun Yuhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGamma‐ray (γ‐ray) irradiation was introduced into zeolite synthesis. The crystallization process of zeolite NaA, NaY, Silicalite‐1, and ZSM‐5 were greatly accelerated. The crystallization time of NaA zeolite was significantly decreased to 18 h under γ‐ray irradiation at 20 °C, while more than 102 h was needed for the conventional process. Unexpectedly, more mesopores were created during this process, and thus the adsorption capacity of CO2 increased by 6‐fold compared to the NaA prepared without γ‐ray irradiation. Solid experimental evidence and density function theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that hydroxyl free radicals (OH*) generated by γ‐rays accelerated the crystallization of zeolite NaA. Besides NaA, mesoporous ZSM‐5 with MFI topology was also successfully synthesized under γ‐ray irradiation, which possessed excellent catalytic performance for methanol conversion, suggesting the universality of this new synthetic strategy for various zeolites.
From K‐O2 to K‐Air Batteries: Realizing Superoxide Batteries on the Basis of Dry Ambient Air
Authors: Qin Lei , Xiao Neng , Zhang Songwei , Chen Xiaojuan , Wu Yiying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough using an air cathode is the goal for superoxide‐based potassium‐oxygen (K‐O2) batteries, prior studies were limited to pure oxygen. Now, the first K‐air (dry) battery based on reversible superoxide electrochemistry is presented. Spectroscopic and gas chromatography analyses are applied to evaluate the reactivity of KO2 in ambient air. Although KO2 reacts with water vapor and CO2 to form KHCO3, it is highly stable in dry air. With this knowledge, rechargeable K‐air (dry) batteries were successfully demonstrated by employing dry air cathode. The reduced partial pressure of oxygen plays a critical role in boosting battery lifespan. With a more stable environment for the K anode, a K‐air (dry) battery delivers over 100 cycles (>500 h) with low round‐trip overpotentials and high coulombic efficiencies as opposed to traditional K‐O2 battery that fails early. This work sheds light on the benefits and restrictions of employing the air cathode in superoxide‐based batteries.
Multiple Light Control Mechanisms in ATP‐Fueled Non‐equilibrium DNA Systems
Authors: Deng Jie , Bezold Dominik , Jessen Henning J. , Walther Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFuel‐driven self‐assemblies are gaining ground for creating autonomous systems and materials, whose temporal behavior is preprogrammed by a reaction network. However, up to now there has been a lack of simple external control mechanisms of the transient behavior, at best using remote and benign light control. Even more challenging is to use different wavelengths to modulate the reactivity of different components of the system, for example, as fuel or building blocks. Success would enable such systems to navigate along different trajectories in a wavelength‐dependent fashion. Herein, we introduce the first examples of light control in ATP‐fueled, dynamic covalent DNA polymerization systems organized in an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ATP‐powered ligation and restriction. We demonstrate concepts for light activation and modulation by introducing caged ATP derivatives and caged DNA building blocks, making it possible to realize light‐activated fueling, self‐sorting in structure and behavior, and transition across different wavelength‐dependent dynamic steady states.
Integration of VEK‐30 peptide enhances fibrinolytic properties of staphylokinase
Authors: Bhando Timsy , Singh Satish , Hade Mangesh Dattu , Kaur Jagdeep , Dikshit Kanak L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStaphylokinase (SAK), a 136 amino acid bacterial protein with profibrinolytic properties, has emerged as an important thrombolytic agent because of its fibrin specificity and reduced inhibition by α‐2 antiplasmin. In an attempt to enhance the clot dissolution ability of SAK, a 30 amino acid peptide (VEK‐30) derived from a plasminogen (Pg) binding protein (PAM), was fused at the C‐terminal end of SAK with a RGD (Arg–Gly–Asp) linker. The chimeric protein, SAKVEK, was expressed in E. coli and purified as a soluble protein. Pg activation by equimolar complexes of SAKVEK and SAK with plasmin revealed that the fusion of VEK‐30 peptide has significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of SAK. The kinetic constant, kcat/Km, of SAKVEK for the substrate Pg appeared 2.7 times higher than that of SAK and the time required for the fibrin and platelet rich clot lysis was shortened by 30% and 50%, respectively. The binary activator complex of SAKVEK with plasmin gets inhibited by α2‐ antiplasmin but remains protected in the presence of fibrin, very similar to SAK. Thus, the present study suggests that SAKVEK is more potent and effective as a thrombolytic agent due to its higher catalytic activity for Pg activation in a fibrin‐specific manner and its ability to clear platelet‐rich plasma clot faster than SAK.
Generative time telling in adults with disabilities: A matrix training approach
Authors: Curiel Emily S. L. , Curiel Hugo , Li Anita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMatrix training is a teaching strategy designed to facilitate generative responding through a process termed recombinative generalization. A skill that has yet to be addressed with matrix training is tacting time increments. Given the two‐component features of time telling (i.e., hours and minutes) and the numerous teaching targets, matrix training was implemented for such behavior with two adults with developmental disabilities. This study used a 12 × 12 matrix that consisted of 144 time increments. Participants were taught 12 time increments, and probes were conducted to assess the remaining 132 untrained time increments. The participants responded correctly to approximately 50% of the untrained time increments during the post‐assessment phase. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Model‐based design and control of a small‐scale integrated continuous end‐to‐end mAb platform
Authors: Gomis‐Fons Joaquín , Schwarz Hubert , Zhang Liang , Andersson Niklas , Nilsson Bernt , Castan Andreas , Solbrand Anita , Stevenson Joanne , Chotteau Véronique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA continuous integrated bioprocess available from the earliest stages of process development allows for an easier, more efficient and faster development and characterization of an integrated process as well as production of small‐scale drug candidates. The process presented in this article is a proof‐of‐concept of a continuous end‐to‐end monoclonal antibody production platform at a very small scale based on a 200 ml alternating tangential flow filtration perfusion bioreactor, integrated with the purification process with a model‐based design and control. The downstream process, consisting of a periodic twin‐column protein A capture, a virus inactivation, a CEX column and an AEX column, was compactly implemented in a single chromatography system, with a purification time of less than 4 hr. Monoclonal antibodies were produced for 17 days in a high cell density perfusion culture of CHO cells with titers up to 1.0 mg/ml. A digital twin of the downstream process was created by modelling all the chromatography steps. These models were used for real‐time decision making by the implementation of control strategies to automatize and optimize the operation of the process. A consistent glycosylation pattern of the purified product was ensured by the steady state operation of the process. Regarding the removal of impurities, at least a 4‐log reduction in the HCP levels was achieved. The recovery yield was up to 60%, and a maximum productivity of 0.8 mg/ml/day of purified product was obtained.
Optimization of supporting college students entrepreneurship environment
Authors: Miao Yujun , Fan Hongyun , Yuan Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith an increasing number of college students, improving the entrepreneurial ability of college students has become an important factor affecting economic development. A good business environment is a necessary prerequisite for the success of college students as entrepreneurs. At present, the research on the entrepreneurial environment available to college students is limited to literature review, with more theoretical research and less indexing systems for research. The main aim of this paper is to construct an index system of college students' entrepreneurial environment. The objective is to enable college students to quickly integrate into society and play positive roles in the government, school, and society. The conclusion is that optimizing the entrepreneurial environment of college students is the need of social stable development. By adopting reasonable methods, college students' entrepreneurial ability can be further improved, which is also to achieve social progress. It is necessary to optimize the entrepreneurial environment of college students, including expanding aid policies, supporting college students to start their own businesses, improving the social enterprise service system of college students, and strengthening the implementation of policies.
Survival benefits of simple versus extended cholecystectomy and lymphadenectomy for patients with T1b gallbladder cancer: An analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database (2004 to 2013)
Authors: Xu Li , Tan Haidong , Liu Xiaolei , Huang Jia , Liu Liguo , Si Shuang , Sun Yongliang , Zhou Wenying , Yang Zhiying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough guidelines recommend extended surgical resection, radical resection and lymphadenectomy for patients with tumor stage (T)1b gallbladder cancer, these procedures are substantially underutilized. This population‐based, retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate treatment patterns and outcomes of 401 patients using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2013. Results showed that median overall survival (OS) was 69 months for lymphadenectomy patients and 37 months for those without lymphadenectomy. Lymphadenectomy also tended to prolong cancer‐specific survival (CSS), although the differences were not statistically significant. OS and CSS were similar for patients who received simple cholecystectomy and extended surgical resection. Cox proportional hazards regression models revealed survival advantages in patients with stage T1bN0 gallbladder cancer compared to those with stage T1bN1, and patients who received simple cholecystectomy plus lymphadenectomy compared to those who did not receive lymph node dissection. In further analyses, patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy who had five or more lymph nodes excised had better OS and CSS than those without lymph node dissection. In conclusion, survival advantages are shown for patients with T1b gallbladder cancer undergoing surgeries with lymphadenectomy. Future studies with longer follow‐up and control of potential confounders are highly warranted.
Use of psycho‐oncological services by prostate cancer patients: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Breidenbach Clara , Roth Rebecca , Ansmann Lena , Wesselmann Simone , Dieng Sebastian , Carl Ernst‐Günther , Feick Günter , Oesterle Alisa , Bach Peter , Beyer Burkhard , Borowitz Rainer , Erdmann Jörg , Kunath Frank , Oostdam Simba‐Joshua , Tsaur Igor , Zengerling Friedemann , Kowalski Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients often suffer from psychological distress. Psycho‐oncological services (POS) have been established in some health care systems in order to address such issues. This study aims to identify patient and center characteristics that elucidate the use of POS by patients in prostate cancer centers (PCCs).MethodsCenter‐reported certification and patient survey data from 3094 patients in 44 certified PCCs in Germany were gathered in the observational study (Prostate Cancer Outcomes). A multilevel analysis was conducted.ResultsModel 1 showed that utilization of POS in PCCs is associated with patients’ age (OR = 0.98; 95%‐CI = 0.96‐0.99; P < .001), number of comorbidities (1‐2 vs 0, OR = 1.27; 95%‐CI = 1.00‐1.60; P=.048), disease staging (localized high‐risk vs localized intermediate risk, OR = 1.41; 95%‐CI = 1.14‐1.74; P < .001), receiving androgen deprivation therapy before study inclusion (OR = 0.19; 95%‐CI = 0.10‐0.34; P < .001), and hospital teaching status (university vs academic, OR = 0.09; 95%‐CI = 0.02‐0.55; P = .009). Model 2 additionally includes information on treatment after study inclusion and shows that after inclusion, patients who receive primary radiotherapy (OR = 0.05; 95%‐CI = 0.03‐0.10; P < .001) or undergo active surveillance/watchful waiting (OR = 0.06; 95%‐CI = 0.02‐0.15; P < .001) are less likely to utilize POS than patients who undergo radical prostatectomy. Disease staging (localized high‐risk vs localized intermediate risk, OR = 1.31; 95%‐CI = 1.05‐1.62; P = .02) and teaching status (university vs academic, OR = 0.08; 95%‐CI = 0.01‐0.65; P = .02) are also significant predictors for POS use. The second model did not identify any other significant patient characteristics.ConclusionsFuture research should explore the role of institutional teaching status and whether associations with therapy after study inclusion are due to treatment effects – for example, less need following radiotherapy – or because access to POS is more difficult for those receiving radiotherapy.