bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The proof is in the process
Authors: Albert Amanda B. , Emery Jamie L. , Hyde Rebecca C. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to apply the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education frame Information Creation as a Process to encourage student confidence in government information. This approach will also help librarians address the continued erosion of trust in government exacerbated by campaigns of mis- and disinformation waged by the 45th President.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examined recent literature on the public’s increased distrust of government under the 45th President, the impact of extreme skepticism on students, and the role instruction and government information librarians can play in addressing these issues. The authors used the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education frame Information Creation as a Process as a guide for teaching students about the complexities of government information creation processes and addressing student apprehension about utilizing government information in their academic research.

Findings
Research indicates that in the midst of a decline in public trust in government, librarians are fighting an uphill battle to encourage wary students to use government information for academic research. Librarians can combat this via targeted Framework-aligned instruction. An example of how the frame Information Creation as a Process can be applied to government information is presented.

Practical implications
For easy implementation of the ideas presented in this paper, learning outcomes and a sample lesson plan are provided.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the library literature on government information literacy and instruction as well as the Framework. It is the only paper that addresses the application of the frame Information Creation as a Process to government information.
Escape responses of terrestrial and aquatic birds to drones: Towards a code of practice to minimize disturbance
Authors: Weston Michael A. , O’Brien Curtis , Kostoglou Kristal N. , Symonds Matthew R. E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Advances in human technology can lead to widespread and rapid increases in interactions between wildlife and potentially disturbing stimuli. The recreational use of drones is widespread and increasing, yet laws and codes of practice which aim to manage deleterious impacts (e.g. negative interactions with wildlife) are reactionary, unscientific and inadequate.

One prominent potential negative effect of drones interacting with birds is disturbance; the disruption of normal states caused by responses such as escape. We measure avian escape responses to an approaching drone (n = 561 across 22 species) to inform the development of a code of practice to manage drone‐induced disturbance. Approaches were made at a relatively high and low altitude (10 and 4 m), and at different take‐off distances, both of which are candidate prescriptions for a code of practice.

Flight‐initiation distance varied between species, but not between the altitudes tested. The probability of eliciting an escape response was high, and 14.6% higher at the lower altitude (at which 88.4% of overflies resulted in an escape response). Our response rates (from terrestrial and aquatic species) are higher than those reported for different birds in other places, most of which were water or seabirds.

The probability of a drone take‐off in itself eliciting a response was low (<20%) when the drone take‐off was >40 m away, and decreased further with increasing distance from birds, with no escapes occurring >120 m.

Policy implications. For our sample, no drone take‐off closer than 100 m, and no flight within 100 m would eliminate the vast majority of escape responses by birds. Required separation distances between drones and wildlife may exceed those required for other human activities, such as for walkers.
Dryness, wetness and temporary flooding reduce floral resources of plant communities with adverse consequences for pollinator attraction
Authors: Walter Julia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Climate change alters precipitation regimes world‐wide and is regarded as a major threat for pollinators and pollination services. Yet, not much is known on how wetter as well as drier conditions affect food resources for pollinators and pollinator attraction in a multi‐species community context. It is unclear how community shifts under changed hydrological conditions might affect pollinators.
This mesocosm study addresses existing research gaps by investigating effects of drought, wetness and temporary flooding on floral resources and pollinator attraction within a plant community, initially including nine insect‐pollinated and six wind‐pollinated species. Floral resources were assessed over three growing seasons. I monitored community descriptors (percentage of herbs and herbaceous species richness, presence of flowering insect‐pollinated individuals), floral traits (flower height, size and weight, floral sugar content of one key species) and proxies for plant fitness (pollinator attraction, seed and flower weight of one key species).
Wetness and especially dryness decreased the species richness and biomass proportion of insect‐pollinated herbaceous species and flowering herbaceous plant individuals occurred less frequently. Permanent wetness decreased the floral sugar content of the key species Trifolium pratense. Wet, temporary flooded and especially dry communities were visited by pollinators less often. Active pollinators spent less time within wet and flooded communities, while not at all visiting dry communities. Seed and flower weight of the obligate xenogamous T. pratense in flooded and dry communities decreased, indicating negative consequences for plant fitness caused by a lack of pollination.

Synthesis. While dryness had negative effects for floral resources both in terms of community descriptors and floral traits, negative effects of wetness and temporary flooding were mostly caused by a decrease of insect‐pollinated herbaceous species. The study thus indicates that shifts in plant community composition are decisive for a predictive understanding of plant–pollinator interactions under environmental change, but these have been neglected in past research. Changing precipitation patterns will adversely affect floral resources and pollinator attraction in agriculturally used temperate grassland, which might have widespread negative consequences for pollination services and food security in the coming decades.
Vær: On Place, Weather, Being, and Agency
Authors: KOWSZ ERICA , STYLES HUNTER 
Published: January 2020

This photo installation is a side‐product of ethnographic research in Troms⊘, a city of 75,000 tucked along the Norwegian coast above the Arctic Circle. The main research addressed longer timeframes—examining Sami ethnopolitics, institution‐building, and social change since the 1970s, a time that marked increased engagement of indigenous peoples with national powers in many countries around the world, including in Norway. That project entailed time on‐the‐ground in Norway's far north observing the social diacritics of ethnicity in daily life, public events, and local media. Once we arrived, we found that weather and the changing of the light played a dominant role in our daily experience of life above the Arctic Circle, leading us toward this photo exhibit and contemplation. We had to develop techniquess for paying attention to the backdrop—not the microsocial processes of the main research, but rather the steady, shifting hum of the natural world. As a supplement to fieldnotes, shooting quick digital photos and videos became a sensorially‐rich means to capture the moment.In this photo installation, we present images of the environment. We use the visual vocabulary of the changing of the light in the arctic to consider the ways in which the natural world's rhythms act as the original, powerful “automated” force, challenging humans' sense of agency, creating the context—and certain limits—for their ability to exert their desired outcomes in the world. How can new technologies of automation be built to suit human life where society is already tailored to rhythms of nature that defy assumptions held by many of us living at lower latitudes? Among these 52 tiles, one for each week of the year, we include black tiles representing the time periods that we have never spent in Troms⊘, the gaps in our witnessing of the flow of annual natural cycles and annualized events in the collective social calendar of the Norwegian north. These visual and sensorial “gaps” raise questions about the constraints of ethnographers' knowledge, the reach of technologists' innovations into the world's peripheries, and embodied realities of place. Intermittency isn't inherently a disadvantage in ethnographic work, but it must be accounted for. How do ethnographers admit, adjust for, and overcome the intermittency of their presence at a fieldwork site? This question is especially pressing for those working in industry environments that demand short timeframes for moving from fieldwork to findings. For technologists, there is a related challenge: how to anticipate the ambient and embodied feeling of life where it is lived when they design products that travel across geographies. We hope this photo display provides a fruitful space for EPIC attendees to consider the strengths and limitations of their own methods.
Nangi Village: A Story of Collective Agency in the Mountains of Nepal
Authors: RALLAPALLI EMELIA 
Published: January 2020

What can a remote Himalayan community teach us about innovation? Emelia's Silicon‐Valley ‐first‐world frame of reference is the dominant lens of her work. It's the place where we buy into technology's promise to help solve the world's problems. But it's also ground zero for a dystopian future where humans are automated out of relevance.In this PechaKucha Emelia will explore the ways Nangi Village, with the help and leadership of one member in particular, is using technology and innovation to increase its collective power for its own goals of educating its young, connecting to the world, and driving its own economic development. This talk will also be a personal meditation on Nangi's impact on her own perspectives regarding human agency, problem solving, and innovation.
The Change before Behaviour: Closing the Value‐Action Gap Using a Digital Social Companion
Authors: GALIK GYORGYI 
Published: January 2020

This paper describes an experiment, designed and developed with the ultimate aim of fostering low‐pollution and low‐carbon social innovation. It offers an evidence‐based practical alternative to conventional, technological approaches and narratives of smart cities aimed at sensing air pollution and mitigating the effects of climate change.In this experiment a new voice user interface is designed, developed and tested with input from participants – to explore the potential of a new, more socially minded adaptation to current AI assistant devices in the home and enhance the field of smart technology design. The experiment is developed with a group of participants to demonstrate how design research can raise novel questions and inform disciplines with an interest in behaviour change, environmental pollution and smart homes. This work demonstrates the potential for technologies to increase the degree of participation in reducing pollution in cities and facilitate the articulation of agency in complex environmental matters.The work has value for designers, ethnographers and researchers working in design for behaviour change and participatory design, as well as practitioners and organisations who are interested in enabling low‐pollution lifestyles, developing smart homes and/or emerging AI technologies.
Ecology rather than people restrict gene flow in Okavango‐Kalahari lions
Authors: Dures S. G. , Carbone C. , Savolainen V. , Maude G. , Gottelli D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReduced gene exchange between animal populations may be an indicator of the effects of anthropogenic fragmentation or it may reflect natural gradients in the landscape that can also result in population fragmentation. It can be difficult, therefore, to disentangle the role of local ecology from anthropogenic factors, creating a risk of attributing a lack of gene flow as being due to human activities, leading to ill‐informed management decisions. Here, we test the ecological and anthropogenic factors driving population differentiation and show how the relative influence of such effects can be identified. Using Bayesian clustering and a causal modelling approach, we combine genetic and remote sensing data to disentangle the confounding influences of ecological and anthropogenic fragmentation. We investigate a region where such confusion may arise; in and around the Okavango Delta in northern Botswana. Specifically, we used 20 microsatellites to investigate the genetic structuring of African lions Panthera leo occupying a landscape dominated by two very different environments, the wetland Okavango and the surrounding Kalahari Desert. We find that differences in ecology, rather than anthropogenic barriers, are driving genetic differences in the population and that despite their ability to disperse long distances these lion populations are differentiated into two distinct genetic groups, one inhabiting the wetland Okavango Delta and the other one inhabiting the surrounding dryland Kalahari, divided by an apparently unobstructed boundary. The genetic structure observed could easily have been misinterpreted as a response to anthropogenic disturbance reducing gene flow. This reinforces the need to consider non‐anthropogenic hypotheses, such as ecological differences between habitats, when assessing possible mechanisms of gene flow and their implications for population management. As anthropogenic pressure increases in this region, we recommend conservation managers consider the Okavango population as a separate conservation unit, but also recognize the importance of maintaining the current structural landscape connectivity.
Systematic review: the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the microbiome of the digestive tract—evidence from next‐generation sequencing studies
Authors: Macke Lukas , Schulz Christian , Koletzko Leandra , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used to treat acid‐related disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, large observational studies have raised concerns about PPI‐associated adverse events. In recent years, data from next‐generation sequencing studies suggested that PPIs affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota, while a balanced gut microbiome is essential for maintaining health.AimTo review the available evidence from next‐generation sequencing studies on the effect of PPIs on the intestinal microbiome and to discuss possible implications of PPI‐induced dysbiosis in health and disease.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. A PubMed query yielded 197 results. 19 publications met the prespecified eligibility criteria.ResultsTwelve observational study cohorts with 708 PPI users and 11 interventional cohorts with 180 PPI users were included in the review. In most studies, PPI treatment did not affect microbiological richness and diversity, but was associated with distinct taxonomic alterations: In the upper gastrointestinal tract, PPI users showed overgrowth of orally derived bacteria, mostly Streptococcaceae (findings based on six independent cohorts with 126 PPI users). In faecal samples, PPIs increased multiple taxa from the orders Bacillales (eg, Staphylococcaceae), Lactobacillales (eg, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae) and Actinomycetales (eg, Actinomycetaceae, Micrococcaceae), the families Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Veillonella. Taxa decreased by PPIs include Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Mollicutes (findings in faecal samples based on 19 independent cohorts with 790 PPI users).ConclusionPPI use is associated with moderate alterations to upper and distal gut microbiota. The available data suggest that PPI‐induced hypochlorhydria facilitates colonization of more distal parts of the digestive tract by upper gastrointestinal microbiota.
Systematic review: hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma on biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, including data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Coburn Elliot S. , Nayyar Anil , Lee Kerry Jo , Koliani‐Pace Jenna L. , Siegel Corey A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundHepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare, poorly treatable malignancy associated with therapy for IBD. Current knowledge of HSTCL risk in IBD comes from an era of step‐up therapy, before earlier use of biologics or combination therapy was advocated to achieve deep mucosal healing. HSTCL risk among newer biologic classes has also not been evaluated.AimsTo systematically characterise the association of HSTCL with biologic therapy for IBD.MethodsWe conducted a literature search and query of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System to summarise HSTCL cases among IBD patients with prior biologic exposure. Demographics and immunosuppression exposure were extracted. Patients were stratified by current regimen (combination therapy, biologic monotherapy or no biologic), and biologic class (anti‐TNF, anti‐integrin, anti‐interleukin 12/23).ResultsSixty‐two cases of HSTCL were identified from 2486 abstracts and 181 FDA Adverse Events Reporting System reports. The median age of affected patients was 28 years (range 12‐81), and 83.6% were male, 84.7% had Crohn's disease. Five of 62 patients had no reported azathioprine/mercaptopurine exposure. Three patients within the cohort developed HSTCL after exposure to natalizumab, vedolizumab or ustekinumab; all three also had anti‐TNF and azathioprine/mercaptopurine exposure. Forty‐three of 49 (87.8%) patients with known outcomes died with a median survival of 5 months.ConclusionsConsistent with existing data, almost all identified HSTCL cases among IBD patients on biologic therapy had azathioprine/mercaptopurine exposure, and all cases on patients exposed to biologics had anti‐TNF exposure. These data suggest initiating a patient‐centred discussion before starting anti‐TNF therapy or other biologics.
Knowledge and power in the politics of property development
Authors: Colenutt Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a new politics of knowledge and skills, which is being used effectively by campaigning groups over planning, housing, and land, challenging the very basis of conventional property development. The new politics, articulated by Hilary Wainwright in a recent book, is grass roots local action which challenges top–down conventional knowledge and expertise. Using examples from campaigns for social and affordable housing in London, in which the author has been involved, this practitioner paper highlights how grass roots knowledge and organisation can challenge conventional power in land and property markets, and the language and expertise on which they rest. In these campaigns, the knowledge of local residents about their communities is combined with the skills of committed professionals in planning and land economics. Conventional property market expertise is extraordinarily powerful in UK social, economic, and environmental policy, yet it can and must be challenged at a fundamental level if alternative community‐led models of urban development are to be taken seriously. Examples of “People's Plans” and successful community challenges to the abuse of financial viability analysis by developers demonstrate that new knowledge and skills combined with grass roots organisation can create a new politics of opposition to conventional urban development.
Fair Value Exposure, Changes in Fair Value and Audit Fees: Evidence from the Australian Real Estate Industry
Authors: Sangchan Pinprapa , Habib Ahsan , Jiang Haiyan , Bhuiyan Md. Borhan Uddin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between audit fees and both fair value exposure and changes in fair value of investment properties. The study is motivated by the limited and inconclusive evidence on the effect on audit fees of full fair value reporting for illiquid assets. Using hand‐collected data from the Australian real estate industry, we find a negative (positive) association between audit fees and fair value exposure (changes in fair value of investment properties). Our findings also indicate that the use of unobservable inputs in fair value estimates for investment properties does not significantly increase audit risk and audit fees. Further, we find that audit fees are higher for firms with fair values of investment – properties estimated by external and mixed valuers – compared to firms with fair values estimated by directors alone. This study enriches the audit fee literature by documenting auditors’ pricing decisions in an area that involves significant estimation and valuation risks.
Incidence and outcomes of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in solid malignancy: an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Bhandari Shruti , Singh Sunny R. K. , Malapati Sindhu , Cisak Kamila I. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune‐mediated adverse reaction to heparin products characterized by thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis. This study aimed to determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality and economic burden of HIT in solid‐malignancy‐related hospitalizations. We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS), the largest public database of hospital admissions in the United States, from January 2012 to September 2015. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of HIT. Secondary outcomes included incidence of venous thrombosis (acute deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), arterial thrombosis (thrombotic stroke, myocardial infarctions and other arterial thromboembolism), mortality associated with HIT, length of stay, total hospital charges and disposition. During the study period, 7 437 049 hospitalizations had an associated diagnosis of solid malignancy. Approximately 0·08% (n = 6225) hospitalizations had a secondary diagnosis of HIT in this population. The standardized incidence of total thrombotic events was higher in the solid malignancy with HIT compared to the solid malignancy without HIT group (24·7% vs. 6·8%, P < 0·001). The standardized mortality rate was 4·8% in solid malignancy with HIT compared to 3·4% in the without HIT group (OR, 1·53; 95% CI, 1·25–1·89; P < 0·001). HIT in solid malignancy is a rare condition but associated with increased morbidity and mortality.