bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing Akt1 Inhibits Starvation Induced Lung Metastasis Through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Independent of E-cadherin in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Hui , Qiu Guo Ping , Gao Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer (PCa) cells facilitates their progress to metastasis. We have recently reported Akt1 is an important EMT regulator, and silencing Akt1 induced EMT and inhibited the growth of PCa cells. These results imply Akt1 silencing may increase starvation resistance of PCa cells. However, little is known about the role of Akt1 of PCa cells in starvation.MethodsApoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry, cell invasion was detected by transwells and ECIS, lung metastasis was evaluated by tail vein injection animal model, variation of EMT markers was detected by Western-blot.ResultsWe found starvation slowed down the growth and proliferation, and increased apoptosis of PCa cells; Silencing Akt1 gene inhibited these effects of starvation and decreased E-cadherin. Akt1 silencing enhanced invasion induced by starvation of PCa cells in vitro ; however, it inhibited lung metastasis induced by starvation of PCa cells in vivo unexpectedly.ConclusionStarvation or silencing Akt1 alone can promote lung metastasis of PCa cells, however, silencing Akt1 while starving PCa cells can significantly inhibit this function via EMT independent of E-cadherin.
The Blind Review: A Quality Assessment Measure for Review Standardization of Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Park Sinyoung , Ahn Cho Rong , Noh Yang Hee , Park Sejung , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Seung Min , Kim Jin Seok , Rha Sun Young 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Challenging research environment while the multinational trials are increasing, standardization of IRB review has become more important. The inconsistency is often inevitable in that opinions on the ethical part may be different, but the standardization and understanding the differences is required to assure IRB review quality. Thus, we aimed to develop and suggest quality assessment measure of IRB named “Blind review” by reviewing the same research protocols by multiple IRB panels. We further describe an analyzed result of differences to understand the mechanism of IRB standardization.Methods: We present a description of the Blind review process. Based on the HRPP (Human research Protection Program) SOPs (Standard of Procedure), eight blind review results from January 2010 to December 2018 at a single institution with multiple panels were included using Severance Hospital HRPP database. Review results were analyzed with review scores ranged 0 to 60 points including GCP requirements and protocol issues. Panel agreement was estimated by observed multiple rater agreement. Differences between review scores according to expertise member and IRB member duration were analysed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Observed multiple raters’ agreement was increased from 0.444 (95% CI: 0.167-1.000) in 2010 to 0.479 (95% CI: 0.271-0.708) in 2014~2018 as IRB review experiences increases. In order to analyze the review mechanism, three GCP requirements and three protocol issues were scored (range 0 to 60). Mean values for GCP requirement and protocol issues were 19.25±8.21 and 18.40±9.04, respectively. Mean score of the panels where experts participated (n=16, 28.13±10.47) is higher than control group (n=32, 25.16±10.96) (p=0.93). According to career duration of IRB members’, scores of the group whose career is less than 3 years was 25.0±10.0 (n=14), the score of group whose career is 3-5 years was 26.3±9.6 (n=23). The mean score of the group whose career was more than 5 years shown 27.3±14.2 (n=11), and it is statistically significant. (p=0.09)Conclusions: We suggest Blind Review as an effective measure for overseeing and ensuring IRB’s review quality and overall GCP compliance.
Barriers in Implementing the Dying Patient Law: The Israeli Experience - A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zigdon Avi , Nissanholtz-Gannot Rachel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Coping with end-of-life issues is a major challenge for governments and health systems. Despite progress in legislation, many barriers exist to its full implementation. This study is aimed at identifying these end-of-life barriers in relation to Israel.Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews using professionals and decision makers in the health-care and related systems (n=37) were carried out, along with two focus groups based on brainstorming techniques consisting of nurses (n=10) and social workers (n=10). Data was managed and analyzed using Naralyzer software.Results: Qualitative analysis showed identification of six primary barriers: 1) law, procedures, and forms; 2) clinical aspects; 3) human aspects; 4) knowledge and skills of medical teams; 5) communication; and 6) resource allocation. These were further divided into 44 sub area barriers.Conclusions: This study highlights the role of the family doctor in end-of-life by training physicians in decision-making workshops and increasing their knowledge in the field of palliative medicine. Effectively channeling resources, knowledge, and support for medical teams, by accounting for the structure and response of the units for home treatment will improve patient's access to information on and support for end-of-life laws, as well as reduce legislative barriers in other countries that face the same issues.
Antigens from H22 cell mutation induced by lentinan are correlated with HCC immunoprophylaxis
Authors: Yang Xin , Li Yandong , Wang Wen , Li Chong , Zhao Dandan , Hu Gaoshuang , Rao Huan , Hao Jianxiong , Han Xue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Lentinan can inhibit the proliferation of many kinds of tumor cells, and some studies have shown that lentinan can inhibit the growth of tumor tissue by directly killing tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunoprophylaxis effect and mechanism of tumor specific antigen induced by lentinan on liver cancer in mice.Methods The immunogen was prepared which was induced by lentinan. And two different mouse H22 liver cancer models (ascites tumor and solid tumor)were established after immunogen immunized. The tumor growth and immune organ index of mice in each group were measured. In order to analyze the immune mechanism, the activity of CTL cells, activation of ADCC pathway ,T lymphocyte subsets, expression of CD4 + T,CD8 + T cells and expression of DC, and surface molecular markers CD80 and CD86 in immunized mice were analyzed. The expression of cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum and cell supernatant of mice in each group was tested too. Finally, the immunogen was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), and the functional proteins were screened for further analysis.Results The liver, spleen and thymus of the mice immunized with immunogen were protected to a certain extent. In immunized mice, the proportion of CD4 + T cells increased, the proportion of CD8 + T cells decreased, the ratio of CD4 + T/CD8 + T increased, and the killing activity of T lymphocytes increased significantly. The expression of CD80 in mature DC cells of immunized mice increased and cytokines increased significantly. The results of protein mass spectrometry analysis of immunogen showed that immunogen produced protein properties that inhibit cancer.Conclusion The H22 whole-cell cleavage vaccine induced by lentinan is effective in the immunity of mouse hepatoma H22 and has development value in the future.
Postoperative Neovascularization, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Clinical Prognosis Between Combined and Indirect bypass Revascularization Procedures in Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease.
Authors: Sun Jun , Li Yu Zhang , Chen Chuan , Ling Cong , Li Hao , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Present primary focus was rebleeding and prognosis of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD), while limited researches emphasized the postoperative collateral formation and cerebral hemodynamics. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diverse effects of combined (CB) and indirect (IB) bypass revascularization procedures on the postoperative collateral formation and hemodynamics in hemorrhagic MMD patients.METHODS: Hemorrhagic MMD patients treated surgically were retrospectively collected and dichotomized into CB and IB group. Postoperative complications and clinical prognosis, as well as pre- and post-operative Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), collateral circulation status and cerebral hemodynamics were observed and compared between the CB and IB groups. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients with hemorrhagic MMD were identified. Of 68 cerebral hemispheres, 47(69.1%) were combined revascularization and the rest indirect. During an average follow-up of 16.5±8.7 months, the recurrent stroke events were significantly lower, as well as postoperative mRS scores≤2, satisfactory postoperative collateral formation, improved dilation or extension of anterior choroidal /posterior communication artery (AchA/PcoA) were significantly higher in the CB group than in the IB group (all P< .05). Compared with preoperative cerebral hemodynamics, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), mean transit time (MTT) and relative time to peak (rTTP) in the CB group; but in the IB group, rCBF, rCBV and MTT were significantly improved (all P< .001). The CB group’s postoperative rCBF was significantly improved as compared with the IB group (P< .001).CONCLUSION: CB can obtain better postoperative collateral formation, cerebral hemodynamics, and clinical prognosis as compared with IB.
Synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis by diode-like coordination polymer with twisted and polar copper-dye conjugation
Authors: Shi Yusheng , Zhang Tiexin , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Xu Gang , He Cheng , Duan Chunying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis confers new synthetic possibilities in pharmaceutical field, but is seriously affected by the consumptive fluorescence quenching of Cu(II). By decorating bulky auxiliaries into photoreductive triphenylamine-based ligand to twist the conjugation between triphenylamine-based ligand and polar Cu(II)-carboxylate node in coordination polymer, we reported a heterogeneous approach to directly confronting this inherent problem. The twisted and polar Cu(II)-dye conjunction endowed coordination polymer with diode-like photoelectronic behaviours, which hampered the inter- and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from triphenylamine-moiety to Cu(II) site and permitted the reversed-directional ground-state electronic conductivity, rectifying the productive loop circuit for synergising photoredox and copper catalysis in pharmaceutically valuable decarboxylative C(sp3)-heteroatom couplings. The well-retained Cu(II) sites during photoirradiation exhibited unique inner-spheric modulation effects, which endowed the couplings with adaptability to different types of nucleophiles and radical precursors under concise reaction conditions, and distinguished the multi-olefinic moieties of biointeresting steride derivatives in their late-stage trifluoromethylation-chloration difunctionalisation.
Early detection of COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Baidu Index
Authors: Tu Bizhi , Wei Laifu , Jia Yaya , Qian Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a severe threat to human life, and causes a global pandemic. The purpose of current research is to explore the onset and progress of the pandemic with a novel perspective using Baidu Index.Methods: We collected the confirmed data of COVID-19 infection between January 11, 2020, and April 22, 2020, from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Based on known literature, we obtained the search index values of the most common symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and shortness of breath. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between the Baidu index values for each COVID-19-related symptoms and the number of confirmed cases. Regional differences among 34 provinces/ regions were also analyzed. Results: Daily growth of confirmed cases and Baidu index values for each symptoms presented a robust positive correlation during the outbreak (fever: rs=0.705, p=9.623×10-6; cough: rs=0.592, p=4.485×10-4; fatigue: rs=0.629, p=1.494×10-4; sputum production: rs=0.648, p=8.206×10-5; shortness of breath: rs=0.656, p=6.182×10-5). The average search-to-confirmed interval is 19.8 days in China (fever: 22 days, cough: 19 days, fatigue: 20 days, sputum production: 19 days, and shortness of breath: 19 days). We discovered similar results in the top 10 provinces/regions, which had the highest cumulative cases. Conclusion: Search terms of COVID-19- related symptoms on the Baidu search engine can be used to early warn the outbreak of the epidemic. Relevant departments need to pay more attention to areas with high search index and take precautionary measures to prevent these potentially infected persons from spreading further. Baidu search engine can reflect the public's attention to the pandemic and regional epidemics of viruses. Based on changes in the Baidu index value, we can predict the arrival of the peak confirmed cases. The clinical characteristics related to COVID-19- including fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, deserve more attention during the pandemic.
Sex-dependent alterations in the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in old heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice
Authors: Arsenault Dany , Tremblay Cyntia , Emond Vincent , Calon Frederic 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While the higher prevalence of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is clear, studies suggest that biological sex may also influence its pathogenesis . However, mechanisms behind these differences are not clear. To investigate physiological differences between sexes at the cellular level in the brain, we investigated the intrinsic and synaptic properties of entorhinal cortex neurons in heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes at the age of 20 months. This brain region was selected because of its early association with AD symptoms . First, we found physiological differences between male and female non-transgenic mice, providing indirect evidence of axonal alterations in old females. Second, we observed a transgene-dependent elevation of the firing activity, post-burst after hyperpolarization (AHP) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) activity, without any effect of sex. Third, the passive properties and the hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) were altered by transgene expression only in female mice, whereas paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of evoked EPSC was changed only in males. Fourth, both sex and transgene expression were associated with changes in action potential properties. Consistent with previous work, higher levels of Aβ neuropathology were detected in 3xTg-AD females, whereas tau deposition was similar . In summary, our results support the idea that aging and AD neuropathology differentially alter the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in males and females.
Early Tracheal Extubation for Postoperative Recovery in Cardiac Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yi-Fan , Huang Zhen-Dong , Gu Hui-Yun , Zhang Chao , Guo Guang-Ling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: How to promote the rapid recovery of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and quality of life has been the focus of doctors’ attention. To compare the safety and efficacy of early cardiac extubation with conventional extubation (late extubation) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library and ISIWeb of Science (1946–November 25, 2019) were searched to obtain randomized controlled trials of early tracheal extubation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Results: Compared with the conventional care group, in terms of effectiveness, the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital length of stay in the early tracheal extubation was significantly shorter. In terms of security, most outcomes, including mortality, bleeding, stroke, acute renal failure and arrhythmia, were not statistically significant, except for myocardial infarction. However, the risk of re-intubation in the early tracheal extubation was higher than that of conventional extubation.Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirmed that early tracheal extubation may effectively reduce ICU hospitalization time, hospital length of stay and the risk of myocardial infarction. Although early tracheal extubation does not increase the risk of safety events, the clinicians need to pay more attention to be aware of possible risk of re-intubation. Meanwhile, as a key time point for extubation within 4 hours, it may help a little to reduce the risk of re-intubation and myocardial infarction.
Knowledge in Pain and Palliative Care in Medical Students From 2 Universities in Mozambique: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Pinto Emília , Schwalbach Teresa , Gonçalves Ferraz , Sacarlal Jahit , Castro Luisa , Rego Guilhermina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Palliative Care (PC) needs have been increasing in low- and middle-income countries. The education of its contents avoids the patients and families´ suffering and therapeutic futility. Aim: to assess the pain and palliative care´s knowledge in Mozambican medical students of the fifth and sixth years. Methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted between August 2018 and July 2019. Data was collected by applying a self-administered survey directed to students from 2 medical schools in Mozambique. Comparison of answer’s frequencies between hospitals was performed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: From the 146 participants, 52.7% were female and the median age was 24 years old. Regarding general knowledge: 90.1% think they need to improve their knowledge on pain management, 50.3% of the participants did not know the palliative care World Health Organization´s (WHO) definition. Concerning to therapeutic approach, 36.4% did not have knowledge in control of symptoms, 43.7% did not know the WHO pain management scale, 65.3% did not know how to initiate analgesia for cancer pain. There are significant differences between universities in training related to medical posture on communication to bad news to patients and family as well as training in terminally ill patients. Conclusion: Results show that students from these 2 medical schools have gaps in pain and palliative care knowledge. There is a need to introduce palliative care education in medical training in Mozambique.
The Fibronectin Type-III (FNIII) Domain of ATF7IP Contributes to Efficient Transcriptional Silencing Mediated by The SETDB1 Complex
Authors: Tsusaka Takeshi , Fukuda Kei , Shimura Chikako , Kato Masaki , Shinkai Yoichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 (also known as ESET) represses genes and various types of transposable elements, such as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and integrated exogenous retroviruses, through a deposition of trimethylation on lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). ATF7IP (also known as MCAF1 or AM), a binding partner of SETDB1, regulates the nuclear localization and enzymatic activities of SETDB1 and plays a crucial role in SETDB1-mediated transcriptional silencing. In this study, we further dissected the ATF7IP function with its truncated mutants in Atf7ip knockout (KO) mESCs.Results: We demonstrated that the SETDB1-interaction region within ATF7IP is essential for ATF7IP-dependent SETDB1 nuclear localization and silencing of both ERVs and integrated retroviral transgenes, whereas its C-terminal fibronectin type-III (FNIII) domain is dispensable for both these functions; rather, it has a role in efficient silencing mediated by the SETDB1 complex. Proteomic analysis identified a number of FNIII domain-interacting proteins, some of which have a consensus binding motif. We showed that one of the FNIII domain-binding proteins, ZMYM2, was involved in the efficient silencing of a transgene by ATF7IP. RNA-seq analysis of Atf7ip KO and WT or the FNIII domain mutant of ATF7IP-rescued Atf7ip KO mESCs showed that the FNIII domain mutant re-silenced most de-repressed SETDB1/ATF7IP-targeted ERVs compared to the WT. However, the silencing activity of the FNIII domain mutant was weaker than that of the ATF7IP WT, and some of the de-repressed germ cell-related genes in Atf7ip KO mESCs were not silenced by the FNIII domain mutant. Such germ cell-related genes are targeted and silenced by the MAX/MGA complex, and MGA was also identified as another potential binding molecule of the ATF7IP FNIII domain in the proteomic analysis. This suggests that the FNIII domain of ATF7IP acts as a binding hub of ATF7IP-interacting molecules possessing a specific interacting motif we named FAM and contributes to one layer of the SETDB1/ATF7IP complex-mediated silencing mechanisms.Conclusions: Our findings contributed to further understanding the function of ATF7IP in the SETDB1 complex, revealed the role of the FNIII domain of ATF7IP in transcriptional silencing, and suggested a potential underlying molecular mechanism for it.
Integrated analytical approach to unveil the secrets of the recently discovered “Sphinx Room”: a new piece of Domus Aurea puzzle.
Authors: Caggiani Maria Cristina , Coccato Alessia , Mazzoleni Paolo , D’Alessio Alessandro , Russo Alfonsina , Barone Germana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent discovery of the Sphinx Room, belonging to the Domus Aurea Esquiline wing, thanks to the framework given by the project “Non-destructive analytical studies at Parco Archeologico del Colosseo (Rome, Italy)”, allowed to perform an analytical campaign, both in situ and on micro-fragments.
The first aim was the archaeometrical characterisation of the painting materials. In fact, the analytical information on the wall decorations contributes to the overall comprehension of this extraordinary imperial architecture, and allows to contextualize the newly-discovered room inside the Domus Aurea complex. Moreover, further knowledge on the painting technique is achieved, which is of relevance for the general understanding of Roman mural decorations. The palette, composed of Egyptian blue, green earths, iron- and lead-based red, orange and yellow, calcite, carbon black, allowed to compare the Sphinx Room to Corridor 92 and Room 114 of Domus Aurea and to other sites in Rome. Furthermore, the employ of an organic binder in some spots can be put forward based on spectroscopic results, which does not exclude a wider use of the a fresco.
Furthermore, a complementary methodological strategy was designed, in order to achieve a complete characterization of the materials. In addition to the well-known combination of in situ Raman and X-ray fluorescence analyses, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy was used, both in situ (Diffuse Reflectance) and in the lab (Attenuated Total Reflectance). The results confirm the suitability of this approach for the characterization of Roman wall paintings, where both inorganic and organic materials are simultaneously present.