bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of diabetes and other comorbidities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and their impact on clinical presentation and response to therapy
Authors: Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Cocito Dario , Manganelli Fiore , Fazio Raffaella , Briani Chiara , Filosto Massimiliano , Benedetti Luana , Bianchi Elisa , Jann Stefano , Mazzeo Anna , Antonini Giovanni , Cosentino Giuseppe , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Cortese Andrea , Clerici Angelo Maurizio , Carpo Marinella , Schenone Angelo , Siciliano Gabriele , Luigetti Marco , Lauria Giuseppe , Rosso Tiziana , Cavaletti Guido , Beghi Ettore , Liberatore Giuseppe , Santoro Lucio , Spina Emanuele , Peci Erdita , Tronci Stefano , Ruiz Marta , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Verrengia Elena Pinuccia , Gentile Luca , Leonardi Luca , Mataluni Giorgia , Piccolo Laura , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of different comorbidities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and their impact on outcome, treatment choice and response.MethodsUsing a structured questionnaire, we collected information on comorbidities from 393 patients with CIDP fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria included in the Italian CIDP database.ResultsOne or more comorbidities were reported by 294 patients (75%) and potentially influenced treatment choice in 192 (49%) leading to a less frequent use of corticosteroids. Response to treatment did not differ, however, from that in patients without comorbidities. Diabetes (14%), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (12%) and other immune disorders (16%) were significantly more frequent in patients with CIDP than expected in the general European population. Patients with diabetes had higher disability scores, worse quality of life and a less frequent treatment response compared with patients without diabetes. Patients with IgG-IgA or IgM MGUS had an older age at CIDP onset while patients with other immune disorders had a younger age at onset and were more frequently females. IgM MGUS was more frequent in patients with motor CIDP than in patients with typical CIDP.ConclusionsComorbidities are frequent in patients with CIDP and in almost 50% of them have an impact on treatment choice. Diabetes, MGUS and other immune diseases are more frequent in patients with CIDP than in the general population. Only diabetes seems, however, to have an impact on disease severity and treatment response possibly reflecting in some patients a coexisting diabetic neuropathy.
Serum free testosterone and asthma, asthma hospitalisations and lung function in British adults
Authors: Han Yueh-Ying , Yan Qi , Yang Ge , Chen Wei , Forno Erick , Celedon Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveWe examined the relation between serum-free testosterone and asthma, wheeze, asthma hospitalisations and lung function in older adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUK.Participants256 419 adults aged 40 to 69 years, recruited from 2006 to 2010.Main outcome measuresMultivariable logistic or linear regression was used for the analysis of free testosterone and physician-diagnosed asthma, current wheeze, asthma hospitalisations and lung function measures, which was adjusted for serum estradiol, smoking status and other covariates.ResultsFree testosterone levels above the lowest quartile (Q1) were significantly associated with lower odds of asthma in both women (adjusted OR (aOR) for Q4 (the highest quartile) versus Q1=0.67, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.71) and men (aOR for Q4 versus Q1=0.87, 95% CI=0.82 to 0.91). Among subjects with asthma, free testosterone levels above Q1 were significantly associated with lower odds of current wheeze in women (aOR range=0.78 to 0.87), and free testosterone levels in Q4 were associated with lower odds of current wheeze in men (aOR for Q4 versus Q1=0.86, 95% CI=0.77 to 0.95). Among women with asthma, free testosterone levels in Q4 were also associated with lower odds of ≥1 asthma hospitalisation. Among men, free testosterone was positively associated with FEV1 and FVC. Among women, free testosterone was negatively and weakly associated with FVC.ConclusionIn a large study of British adults, elevated free testosterone levels are associated with lower odds of asthma and current wheeze in women and men, lower odds of asthma hospitalisations in women, and higher FEV1 and FVC in men.Dissemination to participants, and related patient and public communitiesThe results of the study will be linked to the UK Biobank website.
Acute supplementation with beetroot juice improves endothelial function in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Nogueira Soares Rogerio , Machado-Santos Ana Paula , Barros-Santos Elisa , Vieira De Oliveira Gustavo , Murias Juan Manuel , Alvares Thiago Silveira 
Published: August 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with lower nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular dysfunction. Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BJ) has been shown to acutely increase NO availability and vascular function in healthy and individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Thus, we tested the effects of BJ ingestion on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements in healthy and HIV-infected patients. Thirteen HIV-infected individuals (age, 36 ± 10 years) and 18 healthy (age, 27 ± 8 years) participated in the study. Individuals were submitted to vascular tests such as FMD and pulse PWV at pre (T0) and at 120 min (T120) after BJ and placebo (PLA) ingestion. The %FMD at T0 of the control group was significantly higher than the %FMD at T0 of the HIV individuals in both interventions. BJ improved the %FMD at T120 when compared with T0 in the HIV and control groups. There was no change in %FMD after PLA ingestion in the control and HIV groups. There were no differences between groups (control vs HIV), time points (T0 vs T120), and interventions (BJ vs PLA) for PWV. Our findings showed that nitrate-rich BJ ingestion acutely improved vascular function in healthy and HIV-infected patients. Clinical Trials Registry no. NCT03485248. Novelty: HIV is associated with lower NO bioavailability and vascular dysfunction. Acute supplementation with nitrate-rich BJ has been shown to acutely increases NO bioavailability. We showed for the first time that BJ acutely improves endothelial function in HIV-infected patients.
Are Type Ia supernova powerful tool to detect anisotropic expansion of the Universe?
Authors: Salehi A. , Farajollahi H. , Motahari M. , Pashamokhtari P. , Yarahmadi M. , Fathi S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the dark energy dipole using Union2, Pantheon and GRB dataset in Chameleon and Teleparallel dark energy models, in comparison with$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM. Both models are extensively studied in recent years and our result shows that with Union2 and Pantheon data, the preferred direction of the anisotropy in both models are very close to each other as well as with those obtained in some studies for$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM. However, when the models fitted with a combination of Union 2 and GRB, the statistical analysis slightly favors the Chameleon cosmology over Teleparallel gravity, with the maximum anisotropic direction of$$(l = 330^{+30}_{-28}$$(l=330-28+30,$$b = -15^{+23}_{-25})$$b=-15-25+23)in galactic coordinate system, comparable with$$\alpha $$α-dipole result in Keck-VLT data and LCDM.
Phenomenology of the Pauli exclusion principle violations due to the non-perturbative generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Belli Pierluigi , Bernabei Rita , Marcianò Antonino , Shababi Homa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew phenomenological implications of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), a modification of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP) are explored in light of constraints arising from underground experiments. An intimate link intertwines the symplectic structure of a theory, which is at the very base of the formulation of the HUP and thus a pillar of quantum mechanics, with the symmetries of space-time and the spin-statistics. Within this wide framework, a large class of non-perturbative GUPs inevitably lead to energy-dependent violations of the total angular momentum conservation rules, and imply hence tiny Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) violating transitions. Exotic PEP violating nuclear transitions can be tested, for example, through extremely high precision data provided by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. We show that several GUP violations are already ruled out up to the quantum gravity Planck scale.
Targeting Obesity-Induced Macrophages during Preneoplastic Growth Promotes Mammary Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Activity, DNA Damage, and Tumor Formation
Authors: Chamberlin Tamara , Clack Megan , Silvers Caylee , Kuziel Genevra , Thompson Victoria , Johnson Haley , Arendt Lisa M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Obesity enhances breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and premenopausal women with genetic or familial risk factors. We have shown previously that within breast tissue, obesity increases macrophage-driven inflammation and promotes expansion of luminal epithelial cell populations that are hypothesized to be the cells of origin for the most common subtypes of breast cancer. However, it is not clear how these changes within the microenvironment of the breast alter cancer risk and tumor growth. Using a high-fat diet to induce obesity, we examined preneoplastic changes associated with epithelial cell-specific loss of Trp53. Obesity significantly enhanced the incidence of tumors of diverse histotypes and increased stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Obesity also promoted the growth of preneoplastic lesions containing elevated numbers of luminal epithelial progenitor cells, which were surrounded by macrophages. To understand how macrophage-driven inflammation due to obesity enhances tumor formation, mice were treated with IgG or anti-F4/80 antibodies to deplete macrophages during preneoplastic growth. Unexpectedly, depletion of macrophages in obese mice enhanced mammary epithelial cell stem/progenitor activity, elevated expression of estrogen receptor alpha, and increased DNA damage in cells. Together, these results suggest that in obesity, macrophages reduce epithelial cells with DNA damage, which may limit the progression of preneoplastic breast lesions, and uncovers complex macrophage function within the evolving tumor microenvironment. Understanding how obesity alters the function of macrophages during tumor formation may lead to chemoprevention options for at-risk obese women.

Significance:
Understanding how obesity impacts early tumor growth and response to macrophage-targeted therapies may improve therapeutics for obese patients with breast cancer and identify patient populations that would benefit from macrophage-targeted therapies.
Heritable Susceptibility to Breast Cancer among African-American Women in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors Study
Authors: Purrington Kristen S. , Raychaudhuri Sreejata , Simon Michael S. , Clark Julie , Ratliff Valerie , Dyson Gregory , Craig Douglas B. , Boerner Julie L. , Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:African-American women have high rates of breast cancer associated with hereditary features. However, no studies have reported the prevalence of inherited variation across all genes known to be breast cancer risk factors among African-American patients with breast cancer not selected for high-risk characteristics.Methods:We evaluated 182 African-American women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in metropolitan Detroit via targeted capture and multiplex sequencing of 13 well-established breast cancer risk genes and five suggested breast cancer risk genes.Results:We identified 24 pathogenic variants in 23 women [12.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2%–18.4%] and five genes (BRCA2, BRCA1, ATM, RAD50, CDH1). BRCA1 and BRCA2 accounted for 58.3% of all pathogenic variants. An additional six pathogenic variants were found in suggested breast cancer risk genes (MSH6, MUTYH, NF1, BRIP1).Conclusions:The prevalence of germline pathogenic variants is relatively high among African-American patients with breast cancer unselected for high-risk characteristics across a broad spectrum of genes.Impact:This study helps to define the genomic landscape of breast cancer susceptibility in African-American women who could benefit from enhanced surveillance and screening.
Association of Different Estimates of Renal Function With Cardiovascular Mortality and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hijazi Ziad , Granger Christopher B. , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Westerbergh Johan , Lindbäck Johan , Alexander John H. , Keltai Matyas , Parkhomenko Alexander , López-Sendón José L. , Lopes Renato D. , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars 
Published: August 2020

Background
We compared different methods of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their association with cardiovascular death and major bleeding in 14 980 patients with atrial fibrillation in the ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial.

Methods and Results

eGFR was calculated using equations based on creatinine (Cockcroft‐Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD‐EPI]) and/or cystatin C (CKD‐EPI
CysC
and CKD‐EPI
CysC+Creatinine
). These 5 eGFR equations, as well as the individual variables that are used in these equations, were assessed for correlation and discriminatory ability for cardiovascular death and major bleeding. The median age was 70.0 years, and 35.6% were women. The median eGFR was highest with Cockcroft‐Gault (74.1 mL/min) and CKD‐EPI
CysC
(74.2 mL/min), and lowest with Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (66.5 mL/min). Correlation between methods ranged from 0.49 (Cockroft‐Gault and CKD‐EPI
CysC
) to 0.99 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and CKD‐EPI). Among the eGFR equations, those based on cystatin C yielded the highest C indices for cardiovascular death and major bleeding: 0.628 (CKD‐EPI
CysC
) and 0.612 (CKD‐EPI
CysC+Creatinine
), respectively. A model based on the variables within the different eGFR equations (age, sex, weight, creatinine, and cystatin C) yielded the highest discriminatory value for both outcomes, with a C index of 0.673 and 0.656, respectively.

Conclusions
In patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation, correlation between eGFR calculated using different methods varied substantially. Cystatin C–based eGFRs seem to provide the most robust information for predicting death and bleeding. A model based on the individual variables within the eGFR equations, however, provided the highest discriminatory value. Our findings may help refine risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation and define how renal function should be determined in future atrial fibrillation studies.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Histone Acetyltransferase p300 Inhibitor Improves Coronary Flow Reserve in SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) Knockout Mice
Authors: Su Han , Zeng Heng , He Xiaochen , Zhu Shai-Hong , Chen Jian-Xiong 
Published: August 2020

Background
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is common in patients of myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive coronary artery disease. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) reflects coronary microvascular function and is a powerful independent index of coronary microvascular dysfunction and heart failure. Our previous studies showed that knockout of SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) decreased CFR and caused a diastolic dysfunction. Few studies focus on the treatment of impaired CFR and heart failure. In the present study, we explored the role of C646, a histone acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor, in regulating CFR and cardiac remodeling in SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3KO) mice.

Methods and Results
After treating with C646 for 14 days, CFR, pulse‐wave velocity, and cardiac function were measured in SIRT3KO mice. SIRT3KO mice treated with C646 showed a significant improvement of CFR, pulse‐wave velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. Treatment with C646 reversed pre‐existing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and capillary rarefaction in SIRT3KO mice. Mechanistically, knockout of Sirtuin 3 resulted in significant increases in p300 expression and H3K56 acetylation. Treatment with C646 significantly reduced levels of p300 and H3K56 acetylation in SIRT3KO mice. Furthermore, treatment with C646 increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and reduced arginase II expression and activity. The expression of NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) and VCAM‐1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) was also significantly suppressed by C646 treatment in SIRT3KO mice.

Conclusions
C646 treatment attenuated p300 and H3K56 acetylation and improved arterial stiffness and CFR via improvement of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and suppression of NF‐κB.
Readability of Online Patient Educational Materials for Coronary Artery Calcium Scans and Implications for Health Disparities
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima , Ngo Summer , Baird Grayson , Balla Sujana , Miles Randy , Garg Megha 
Published: August 2020

Background
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans can help reclassify risk and guide patient‐clinician shared treatment decisions for cardiovascular disease prevention. Patients increasingly access online patient educational materials (OPEMs) to guide medical decision‐making. The American Medical Association (AMA) recommends that OPEMs should be written below a 6th‐grade reading level. This study estimated the readability of commonly accessed OPEMs on CAC scans.

Methods and Results
The terms “coronary artery calcium scan,” “heart scan,” and “CAC score” were queried using an online search engine to identify the top 50 commonly accessed websites based on order of search results on December 17, 2019. Grade‐level readability was calculated using generalized estimating equations, with observations nested within readability metrics from each website. Results were compared with AMA‐recommended readability parameters. Overall grade‐level readability among all search terms was 10.9 (95% CI, 9.3–12.5). Average grade‐level readability of OPEMs for the search terms “coronary artery calcium scan,” “heart scan,” and “CAC score,” was 10.7 (95% CI, 9.0–12.5), 10.5 (95% CI, 8.9–12.1), and 11.9 (95% CI, 10.3–13.5), respectively. Professional society and news/media/blog websites had the highest average reading grade level of 12.6, while health system websites had the lowest average reading grade level of 10.0. Less than half of the unique websites (45.3%) included explanatory images or videos.

Conclusions
Current OPEMs on CAC scans are written at a higher reading level than recommended for the general public. This may lead to patient misunderstanding, which could exacerbate disparities in cardiovascular health among groups with lower health literacy.
Evaluation, Tuning, and Interpretation of Neural Networks for Working with Images in Meteorological Applications
Authors: Ebert-Uphoff Imme , Hilburn Kyle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe method of neural networks (aka deep learning) has opened up many new opportunities to utilize remotely sensed images in meteorology. Common applications include image classification, e.g., to determine whether an image contains a tropical cyclone, and image-to-image translation, e.g., to emulate radar imagery for satellites that only have passive channels. However, there are yet many open questions regarding the use of neural networks for working with meteorological images, such as best practices for evaluation, tuning, and interpretation. This article highlights several strategies and practical considerations for neural network development that have not yet received much attention in the meteorological community, such as the concept of receptive fields, underutilized meteorological performance measures, and methods for neural network interpretation, such as synthetic experiments and layer-wise relevance propagation. We also consider the process of neural network interpretation as a whole, recognizing it as an iterative meteorologist-driven discovery process that builds on experimental design and hypothesis generation and testing. Finally, while most work on neural network interpretation in meteorology has so far focused on networks for image classification tasks, we expand the focus to also include networks for image-to-image translation.
Aviation Turbulence Forecasting at Upper Levels with Machine Learning Techniques Based on Regression Trees
Authors: Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Sharman Robert D. , Deierling Wiebke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore the use of machine learning (ML) techniques, namely, regression trees (RT), for the purpose of aviation turbulence forecasting at upper levels [20–45 kft (~6–14 km) in altitude]. In particular, we develop a series of RT-based algorithms that include random forests (RF) and gradient-boosted regression trees (GBRT) methods. Numerical weather prediction model prognostic variables and derived turbulence diagnostics based on 6-h forecasts from the 3-km High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model are used as features to train these data-driven models. Training and evaluation are based on turbulence estimates of eddy dissipation rate (EDR) obtained from automated in situ aircraft reports. Our baseline RF model, consisting of 100 trees with 30 layers of maximum depth, significantly reduces forecast errors for EDR < 0.1 m2/3 s−1 (which corresponds roughly to null and light turbulence) when compared with a simple regression model, increasing the probability of detection and in turn reducing the number of false alarms. Model complexity reduction via GBRT and feature-relevance analyses is performed, indicating that considerable execution speedups can be achieved while maintaining the model’s predictive skill. Overall, the ML models exhibit enhanced performance in discriminating the EDR forecast among the light, moderate, and severe turbulence categories. In addition, these artificial intelligence techniques significantly simplify the generation of new NWP and grid-spacing specific turbulence forecast products.