bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RSV burden among hospitalized patients: 6-years surveillance of Liguria regional reference lab
Authors: Grammatico F , Butera F , Iavarone I G , Schenone I , Arcuri C , Barisione G , Guarona G , Sticchi L , Orsi A , Icardi G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents one of the most common agent causing respiratory infections in infants and adults. It causes seasonal epidemics, with a peak prevalence in winter. RSV epidemiology and burden are still under-recognized, although it leads to complications and increased mortality in patients at risk, such as infants, pregnant women, the elderly and patients with chronic diseases.

Materials/Methods
Data analyzed in this study were collected during the virological surveillance system activities at the Policlinico San Martino university hospital in Genoa, Italy. The regional reference laboratory receive swabs from all Liguria region, and detects the main circulating respiratory viruses by using molecular methods. The proportion rate of RSV (subtypes A and B) positive samples was determined in the period January 2013 - December 2018, stratifying data by gender, age and hospital units.

Results
From January 2013 to December 2018, 14911 swabs were analyzed, 585 patients reported at least once RSV positive respiratory sample. The median age of RSV positive patients was 56 years (IQR 27-71), with a males: females ratio of 0.93: 1. The peak RSV infection period occurred mainly during first quarter, confirming the seasonal trend of the virus. Greatest proportion of RSV positive samples were received from hematology-oncology wards (45.2% of isolations) and medicine units (31.9%). From 2013 to 2018 an increase of swabs collection of 207% was observed. Neonatology and pediatrics resulted in the highest rate of positive swabs (above 30%), hemato-oncology departments collected 7932 swabs with 3,3 % resulted positive.

Conclusions
A virological surveillance system able to detect the principal respiratory viruses circulating in adult population is a key element to better understand the RSV epidemiology and evaluate therapeutical strategies, in view of the availability of effective vaccines able to prevent RSV infection in the next future.

Key messages
RSV represents a leading cause of respiratory disease in hospitalized patients, especially in hematology-oncology, medicine and intensive care unit wards. Virological surveillance is a key element to better understand RSV epidemiology in all ages, in view of the availability of new effective vaccines.
Show your rare, handle with care: a knowledge brokers network to handle rare disease patients
Authors: Rubba F , Alfano R , Schiavone D , Scamardo M S , Landolfo D , Barbieri O , Carannante I , D’Onofrio G , Guida A , Triassi M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In Rare diseases patients. difficult in diagnosis can produce inappropriate pathways of care. A correct diagnosis took almost 5 years in Europe and 7.3-7.6 y in US. The directive 2011/24/EU provides a legal regulatory asset for the European Reference Networks (ERNs). ERNs are designed to connect health care providers and centers of expertise for gaining appropriate pathways of high-quality care and to support sponsorship in order to make healthcare closer to the patients. Federico II University actually has 9 confirmed ERNs.

Methods
We connected the patient related activities inside the ERNs and we planned a project-based network that creates harmonization of diagnostic tools and widespread diffusion of screening activity able to drive diagnostic enrichment. The Hospital Chief Office together with the Public Health Department acts as “Knowledge brokers” (KB) defined as connectors who may crisscross the hierarchical boundaries. We scheduled interventions into the ERNs and future improvements. Interventions areas have been represented in a conceptual map.

Results
Brokers into the network are attended to allow better merged innovation rate and sharing data. Improvements could be directed toward: 1) sharing data and communication, 2) diagnostic enrichment 3) hospital services networking into the path. Including this model in the regional pathways may build a common platform to support appropriate care in disease-endemic regions.
The designed model finally aimed at define how humanization and networking of care can be measured as gain in efficiency along the overall path.

Conclusions
Network potential may overload a simply specific hub focused approach. The “criss cross” knowledge brokering (could be a strategy able to support clinical and diagnostic activities. To proceed over, in orphan disease handling, we may progress from approaches centered on florid cases toward a balanced screening design, able to guarantee a diagnostic enrichment for a rare condition.

Key messages
Implicit and formal Networking cam help rare disease handling. Sharing data and diagnostic enrichment are the main issues.
The development of an evaluation framework on community impact of CSL in the Netherlands
Authors: Visser M W , Zweekhorst M B M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Community Service Learning (CSL) is taking ground in higher education. In CSL, students use their academic skills to address society issues in close collaboration with the community. Reciprocity between community and university is conditional for meaningful CSL. Currently, much attention lies on student skills and competency development. There is less focus on the impact of CSL on the community. To move towards higher impact, we developed an evaluation framework on community impact in CSL.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify criteria on community impact in CSL. The identified criteria were structured in the CIPP framework (Context, Input, Process and Product). Next, we validated the concept framework in 5 CSL activities of the VU University Amsterdam, using participant observation, interviews, questionnaires and document analysis (multi perspective).

Results
The underlying rationale of the framework is that (supported) community involvement - from start till finish - contributes to higher community impact in CSL. Context criteria relate to motivation and expectations of all stakeholders. Input criteria include available human, financial and material resources. In Process, there is attention to the way CSL is shaped with the community. Product criteria include how community perspectives are integrated in outcomes, and how outcomes are perceived and implemented by the community. The validation of the framework did not result in major changes, but contributed to specification of individual criteria.

Conclusions
The development and validation of the framework is an iterative and cyclic process, open for further validation and improvement. To realize most impact learning and reflection processes with all stakeholders are essential. The framework should not only be used to asses community impact, but also to design and implement CSL in order to realize high community impact.

Key messages
A monitoring and evaluation framework of community impact provides groundwork for high impact CSL activities. Meaningful community involvement will result in higher impact CSL activities.
Participation of medical students in prevention actions: first year of implementation in France
Authors: Herr M , El Kassouani M , Labbe A , Josseran L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Prevention has become an essential part of the health policy in France. Since the autumn 2018, medical students, as well as students in midwifery and paramedics, are required to take part in prevention actions in population. This prevention training is mandatory and aims to increase the number of prevention actions in population and to sensitize medical students to the importance of prevention. National guidelines were published to guide the implementation of this training.
Objectives: This communication aims to describe the implementation of this prevention training in the medical school of University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in France.

Results
A total of 155 students in third year of medical school were included in the training (2018/2019). The first step was the creation of e-learnings in 9 domains related to prevention: prevention policy in France, communication, project management, addictions, nutrition, physical activity, sexual education, prevention for the children and prevention for the elderly. They were elaborated by medical doctors of different specialties, public health professionals, nurses, and physiotherapists. The second step was the recruitment of voluntary settings to perform prevention acitons. They were mainly schools (n = 24), but also institutions for disabled children or adults (n = 8), health forums (n = 4), the university health center and the local center for social reintegration of young people. The types of actions performed by the students will be presented at the conference.

Conclusions
Preliminary results indicate a positive feedback from both the students and the voluntary settings. At this stage, recommendations for the future can already be drawn, such as the inclusion of specific training sessions to lead group sessions of various ages or interdisciplinarity in the actions.

Key messages
The participation of medical students to prevention actions in population has become mandatory in France. Voluntary settings were mainly schools, but also institutions for disabled children or adults.
Evaluation of Austrias first PHC: What lessons can be learned?
Authors: Fröschl B , Antony K , Ivansitis S , Piso B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
The Austrian health care system regularly shows high performance. While about 99.9% of the population is covered by the compulsory health insurance system, the system is highly fragmented with shared responsibilities for inpatient and outpatient care.

Description of the problem
Primary health care in Austria is mainly provided by general practitioners (GP) in solo practises with average opening hours of 16-20 hours a week. This leads to high frequencies in outpatient care departments of hospitals and secondly to inefficiencies due to a high level of uncoordinated care. Thus in June 2014, the Federal Target-Based Governance Commission adopted a new concept for providing primary Health Care in an integrative, quality-assured manner and steering patients to the Best Point of Service. PHC centres are providing care in a multiprofessional approach (psychologists, nutritionists, and nurses) and have significantly longer opening hours with 45 hours per week.

Results
In 2015, the State Target-Based Governance Commission of Vienna commissioned the Austrian Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH) with the evaluation of these pilot centers. The evaluation results of the first two years of the first PHC center shows a high level of satisfaction with the services provided by PHC and high level of utilisation, indicating an improvement in the service offered. PHC patients show a significantly higher level of utilisation of general medical care and at the same time a lower level of utilisation of specialist medical care than patients of the control group. Furthermore PHC patients have a significantly lower frequency of contacts in general emergency outpatient clinics.

Lessons
Changes in structural conditions such as the expansion in the range of services and the provision of care by a multiprofessional team results in advantages for patients, the team and the utilization of services at the best point of service.

Key messages
PHC centers can lead to a lower utilization of outpatient departments and thus to an improvement in the coordination of care. Cooperation in multi-professional teams can lead to a relief of the physicians and a higher job satisfaction.
Relationship between burnout and work engagement among Sri Lankan collegiate cycle students
Authors: Wickramasinghe N , Dissanayake D , Abeywardena G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Keeping on par with the emerging trend towards positive psychology focusing on optimal functioning, burnout research is also associated with a shift towards its positive antipode; work engagement. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between burnout and work engagement among collegiate cycle students in Sri Lanka.

Methods
A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 872 grade thirteen students in 15 government schools in the Kegalle district, Sri Lanka. The validated Sinhala versions of the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and the 16-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student Version were used to assess burnout and work engagement respectively. The relationship between subscales of burnout; viz., exhaustion (EX), cynicism (CY) and reduced professional efficacy (rPE); and subscales of work engagement; viz., vigor (VI), dedication (DE) and absorption (AB); were assessed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results
The response rate was 91.3%. The EX subscale of burnout had strong negative correlations with VI (r=-0.699) and AB (r=-0.642) subscales and a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.475) with DE subscale of work engagement. The CY subscale of burnout had a strong negative correlation with AB subscale (r=-0.577), a moderate negative correlation with VI subscale (r=-0.391) and a weak negative correlation (r=-0.195) with DE subscale. The rPE subscale of burnout had weak negative correlations with DE subscale (r=-0.218), AB subscale (r=-0.206) and VI subscale (r=-0.128). All these correlations between the subscales of burnout and work engagement were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Given the significant negative correlation between burnout and work engagement, exploring student work engagement may allow identification of their positive psychological characteristics that can be incorporated in formulating packages for preventing burnout.

Key messages
Bivariate correlation revealed that all three subscales of burnout had statistically significant negative correlations with all three subscales of work engagement. Exploring student work engagement may allow identification of their positive psychological characteristics that can be incorporated in formulating packages for preventing burnout.
Policies for psychiatric rehabilitation: inclusion through planning permit legislation changes
Authors: Chrysikou E , Savvopoulou E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
Mental illness increases. Europe has the highest suicide rates. Yet, psychiatric provision is stull pushed towards the fringes even in new small-scale structures. This, contradicts Social Psychiatry, ignores WHO directions and undermines European health and equity.

Description of the problem
Changing mental health facilities planning legislation could support integration. Using Greece as a case study, we examine how mental health planning and licensing legislation affected national integration outcomes. This was policy, time-intensive project to address gaps remaining at the end of Psychargos-the national de-institutionalisation programme. It revisited the licensing of facilities to prevent the Greek psychiatric population from facing homelessness with Psychargo’s closure. The research identified solutions for the licensing of psychiatric service provision. Most of the remaining issues related to planning permits. Methodology included literature review, site-visits, consultations with Psychargos leadership and a detailed questionnaire designed by the researchers distributed via email to all facilities of Greece. 112 out of 116 of all community based facilities chose to participate.

Results
We identified the country’s planning legislation as important contributor to exclusion. The uses of land prevented facilities from being located in neighborhoods and promoted the development of mental health accommodation in industrial-type buildings or segregated areas. Uses needed relaxing for mental health. This generated functional complications. It necessitated the introduction of new national design guidelines.

Lessons
This project shed light on a model of de-institutionalisation that has already been applied in a European country with limited resources. It could have great value to countries starting de-institutionalisation. It could be relevant to the most advanced countries such as the UK, as several of their ’community-based wards’ are still in hospital campi.

Key messages
Buildings affect psychiatric de-institutionalisation (types, location, layout and equipment). De-institutionalisation buildings might undermine re-integration. National provision(s) need revisiting. Special use creates difficulties for mental health facilities to be located close to where people leave. Enabling flexibility in the choice of buildings promotes inclusion.
The social invisibility of mental health: understanding social exclusion through place & space
Authors: Chrysikou E , Savvopoulou E , Kostopoulou E , Mukadam N , Tsimopoulou I , Pickering S , Fatah gen. Schieck A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The European target that the 5% of the healthcare service budget goes to mental health might not be enough to cover the inequity between health and mental health provision. The project is a multi-disciplinary, research-through-arts project, involving a Faculty of the Built Environment, a Division of Psychiatry and a School of Art. The project aims to identify elements demonstrating inequality demonstrated from place and space related to the facility provision.

Methods
The research compares mental vs healthcare facilities inside a catchment area, with photographs of the facades of the buildings and mapping their proximity to public transportation. It juxtaposes mental/healthcare facilities for access, condition and status compared to their surroundings.

Results
A book and an exhibition close to Bentham’s auto-icon, the designer of Panopticon custodial facility, demonstrated inverse links between his Panopticon, and the invisibility that NIMBYism produces towards the mentally ill that resulted in their exclusion, within deprived, vandalized, under-funded, isolated from public transport facilities “in the community”.

Conclusions
The project identified factors that contribute to the isolation of mental health facilities in terms of both space and place, and set the basis for further research in future projects. It demonstrated visually the under-budgeting of mental health facilities and their stigmatization as expressed by the centrality of locations and their overall projected image. This outlined the path for integrated, transdisciplinary research in the future involving architecture, arts and psychiatry. The project increased the awareness of the general public on social injustice, stigma and mental health. It combats NIMBYism and supports the fairer allocation of resources and placement of health facilities, aiming to put pressure to stakeholders involved in the NHS decision. Actions have been taken by the Trust involved to change.

Key messages
Inequalities between building (facades and location) contribute to mental illness stigma: this is what the general public views daily. Architecture can be a powerful medium to support inclusion.
Sexual violence and suicidal ideation among French adults, a mediation analysis
Authors: El-Khoury F ,   Equipe Baromètre Santé 2017
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Sexual violence against women is endemic and is linked with a host of mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. We test whether sexual violence is more prevalent and have more damaging psychological effects among women compared to men, and quantify its mediating role in the association between sex and suicidal ideation and behaviour.

Methods
We used data from the “Health Barometer” (Baromètre Santé) 2017 a cross-sectional phone survey, which recruited a nationally representative sample of French adults aged 18 to 75 years in 2017 (n = 25319). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. Outcomes included suicidal ideation, imagery of suicide, and suicide attempts in the preceding year. We conducted mutlivariable mediation analysis using the counterfactual approach to evaluate the contribution that lifetime sexual violence has in the association between sex and suicidal ideation and behaviour.

Results
We found that women are five times more likely to have experienced sexual victimisation, and are more at risk of any suicidal ideation and imagery of suicide in the preceding year compared to men. Women and men had comparable rates of suicide attempts in the preceding year.
We estimated that 47% of the increased risk of suicidal ideation in the preceding year women have compared to men is mediated by lifetime sexual assault. Lifetime sexual assault also explained 39% of the association between sex and having imagery of suicide.

Discussion
Our findings reiterate the importance of the prevention of sexual violence and an adequate care for sexual assault victims, especially women, in public health and mental health policies and initiatives.

Key messages
Women are five times more likely to have experienced sexual victimisation compared to men, and are more likely to suffer from suicidal ideation in the preceding year. Experience of lifetime sexual violence contributes substantially (around 50%) to women’s increased likelihood of suicidal ideation compared to men.
Association among defense mechanisms, causes of procrastination and well- being; Gender differences
Authors: Vlachopanou P , Karagiannopoulou E , Tsiampalis T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Defense mechanisms have been a central concept in the field of mental health and psychotherapy. Recently, there has been some research interest in defence mechanisms in empirical psychology. Causes of procrastination are shown to be related to defence mechanisms in terms of students’ dilatory behaviour. Furthermore, the causes of procrastination seem to affect students’ well-being. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of defence mechanisms and causes of procrastination on well-being, separately for each gender.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece with 628 college students at the University of Ioannina (490 females and 138 males). Specially designed and validated instruments were used to record students’ sociodemographic characteristics, defence mechanisms (DM), causes of procrastination (CP) and well-being (WB). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the effect of DM and CP on students’ WB separately for each gender.

Results
Students’ defence mechanisms and causes of procrastination had a statistically significant effect on their well-being. More specifically, female students with a lower percentage of fear of success/ influence of peers (p &lt; 0.001) and maladaptive defense style (p &lt; 0.001) as well as those with higher image-distorting (p &lt; 0.001), self-sacrificing (p = 0.004) and adaptive defense styles (p &lt; 0.001) seemed to have a significantly higher percentage of well-being. On the other hand, male students with a lower percentage of lack of duty/ tolerance of frustration (p = 0.039) and maladaptive style (p &lt; 0.001) but a higher percentage of image distorting (p &lt; 0.001) and adaptive defence styles (p &lt; 0.001) had a significantly higher percentage of well-being.

Conclusions
Students’ causes of academic procrastination in the combination with the use of defence mechanisms significantly affect their well-being despite, being differentiated according to their gender.

Key messages
Defense mechanisms play a crucial role in students’ adaptation at the university as well as in their mental health. Emphasis should be given on the design of intervention on students’ procrastination involving non-conscious processes and more structural elements of personality.