bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rating Survivors of COVID-19 for Permanent Impairment
Authors: Talmage James B. , Hyman Mark H. , Snyder Robert B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current pandemic of COVID-19 cases includes cases identified in emergency medical technicians, nurses, physicians, and others with occupational exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many of these health care professionals have filed workers' compensation claims that have been accepted. Each accepted claim will eventually need a physician to declare the individual “at maximal medical improvement” or the equivalent phrase in the jurisdiction involved. The next step is for the physician to rate permanent impairment, if present, so the case can be administratively closed. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) is used by many jurisdictions, but the AMA Guides does not mention COVID-19 or have guidance on how to assess individuals for impairment after recovery from this illness. This article provides preliminary guidance on rating permanent impairment within the respiratory, cardiac, vascular, neurologic, renal, gastrointestinal, and/or mental systems in COVID-19 survivors. Current references on the manifestations of COVID-19 illness in these body systems are included, which can be used as references to support documented impairment related to this illness.
Fundamental Principles of Independent Medical Examination
Authors: Feinberg Steven , Brigham Christopher R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An independent medical evaluation (IME) is a specialized examination or evaluation best performed by a physician who has special training and experience in assessing issues unique to an IME. IMEs must be independent, and opinions should be consistent and impartial and based on evidence-based medicine. An IME includes the essential elements of a medical assessment, including a history, a physical examination (usually), and review of records and studies, followed by clinical impressions or diagnoses, and then by recommendations. The medical assessment may include other practitioners, eg, psychologists and chiropractors. Depending on the referral request, the IME typically discusses disability (the definition depends on the local jurisdiction) based on deficits in the person's activities of daily living. In the IME, the evaluator may be asked to consider claims issues that include causation, apportionment, impairment, work ability, appropriateness, and costs of medical care and/or future needs. The physician who performs the examination does not provide care to the individual and provides medical opinions about issues associated with the case. Impartiality, objectivity, and an understanding of medicolegal issues are required of the evaluator. IME reports are not confidential and likely will be read by many stakeholders in a claim. Accordingly, nonmedical personnel should find it easy to read and understand the IME.
Virtual Medical and Impairment Assessments
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Fearon Helene , Feinberg Steven , Gelinas Barry , Langham David , Melhorn J. Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Virtual independent medical evaluations (IMEs) have become and are likely to remain common even after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ends, but virtual health care and virtual examinations are not simply a matter of moving to a new platform—rather, they require a transformation that affects all stakeholders. Innovative solutions necessitated by virtual IMEs potentially can improve both quality and efficiency. The American Medical Association (AMA) defines telemedicine as health-related services that are synchronous and asynchronous and include a variety of tools and platforms that allow clinicians to connect with one another and patients (a box provides information about AMA's ongoing telehealth initiative). Physicians who plan to perform virtual evaluations must have the appropriate policies, procedures, and security in place; resources are available from the AMA Guides series of publications. Each component of the virtual IME, including each data element, should be assessed to determine best practices and how to use virtual technologies successfully. The credibility of virtual IMEs may hinge on the examiner's ability to explain both what was done and why it was as efficacious as an in-person alternative or perhaps as useful as any other alternative under the circumstances. One challenge is to master the tools used in virtual IMEs and another is to obtain stakeholders' acceptance of the virtual process, but this will come with time, experience, and effective physician performance.
AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: Conceptual Foundations and Philosophy
Authors: Blaisdell Jay , Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the conceptual foundations of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition. Impairment assessment in the sixth edition underwent a “paradigm shift” compared to the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, in which its impairment rating methodology is based on the World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Impairment rating is but one of several determinants of disability, and the one most amenable to physician assessment.
Fundamental Principles of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition
Authors: Blaisdell Jay , Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Appropriately assessing impairment mandates that the physician be familiar with the principles of assessing impairment, as reflected in Chapter 1, Conceptual Foundations and Philosophy, and Chapter 2, Practical Applications of the Guides. Based on this knowledge, the physician will then apply the processes and criteria provided in specific chapters. All impairment rating reports should be divided into three main sections: clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and discussion. To obtain the highest level of competency, the rating physician should be familiar with jurisdictional requirements that effectively supplant AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) methodology.
Issues in California Workers' Compensation: Substantial Medical Evidence, Causation, and Apportionment
Authors: Feinberg Steven D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article describes special aspects of addressing and defining substantial medical evidence, causation, and apportionment in the California Workers' Compensation system. Substantial medical evidence is framed in terms of reasonable medical probability, and the opinion must be based on fact and not be speculative. The issue of whether the injury occurred in the course of employment is left to the Trier of Fact (WCAB judge). The issue of arising out of employment is a medical issue left to the physician. Apportionment applies to both the industrial and nonindustrial cause of the disability.
Laser‐Induced Plasmas for Broadband Cavity‐Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Keary Bryan P. , Ruth Albert A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The combination of cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) with the phenomenon of laser‐induced breakdown has yielded a variation of CEAS in which the emission from a laser‐induced plasma (LIP) is utilized as a pulsed incoherent broadband light source in the center of a high‐finesse optical cavity. In comparison to standard CEAS implementations, this approach places light directly inside the resonator without injection through the cavity mirrors. The broadband optical emission from the pulsed LIP facilitates the measurement of spectra through (i) time‐dependent cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) and (ii) intensity‐dependent incoherent broadband cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) methodologies. Additionally, from the broadband ring‐down time of light within the cavity, cavity mirror reflectivities may be calibrated in situ, thus enabling absolute extinction coefficient measurements with IBBCEAS.
The IBBCEAS approach possesses numerous advantages over the CRDS approach in terms of measurement speed and achievable signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). However, it is limited by the presence of an offset in the measured absorption that arises due to the absorption of light that occurs between LIP formation and commencement of data collection. This offset motivated the development of a numerical correction procedure which allows spectra measured in this way to be corrected to improve their overall accuracy.
Clinical and radiological predictors of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Dang Yutao , Wang Ruotian , Qian Kun , Lu Jie , Zhang Haixiang , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prognostic factors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in a group of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by analyzing their clinical and radiological features.Materials and methodsPatients with NSCLC who underwent EGFR mutation detection between 2014 and 2017 were included. Clinical features and general imaging features were collected, and radiomic features were extracted from CT data by 3D Slicer software. Prognostic factors of EGFR mutation status were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for each prediction model of EGFR mutation.ResultsA total of 118 patients were enrolled in this study. The smoking index (P = 0.028), pleural retraction (P = 0.041), and three radiomic features were significantly associated with EGFR mutation status. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for prediction models of clinical features, general imaging features, and radiomic features were 0.284, 0.703, and 0.815, respectively, and the AUC for the combined prediction model of the three models was 0.894. Finally, a nomogram was established for individualized EGFR mutation prediction.ConclusionsThe combination of radiomic features with clinical features and general imaging features can enable discrimination of EGFR mutation status better than the use of any group of features alone. Our study may help develop a noninvasive biomarker to identify EGFR mutation status by using a combination of the three group features.
Koolen‐de Vries syndrome in the first adulthood patient of Southern India ancestry
Authors: Pascolini Giulia , Gaudioso Federica , Fadda Maria Teresa , Laino Luigi , Ferraris Alessandro , Grammatico Paola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKoolen‐de Vries syndrome (KdVS, MIM#610443) is a rare malformation condition mainly characterized by cognitive impairment in association with craniofacial and visceral anomalies. The core phenotype is caused by mutations in the chromatin remodeler KANSL1 (MSL1V1, KIAA1267, KAT8 Regulatory NSL Complex Subunit 1, MIM#612452), which maps to 17q21.31 critical genomic region (Koolen et al., Nature Genetics 2012;44:639–641). Considering its molecular basis, KdVS is included in the group of Developmental Disorders of Chromatin Remodeling (DDCRs), also termed chromatinopathies. We describe the first KdVS patient of Southern India ethnicity, harboring the typical de novo 17q21.31 microdeletion, including KANSL1. Observed facial features and congenital anomalies are in line with the already reported KdVS phenotype, suggesting that phenotypic features are consistent across different ethnicities.
Emphysematous cholecystitis during the treatment of heat stroke
Authors: Yoshiyama Naomasa , Okada Hideshi , Miyake Takahito , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Yasuda Ryu , Matsuo Mikiko , Hatano Yuichiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDuring a heat stroke, microvascular injury may occur as a result of thermal damage and systemic hypoperfusion. We present a case of an older woman who experienced emphysematous cholecystitis during a treatment of heat stroke.Case presentationA 91‐year‐old woman presented unconscious with a blood pressure, pulse, and core temperature of 73/48 mmHg, 135 bpm, and 39.8°C, respectively. The patient was diagnosed with heat stroke. Twenty‐two hours after arrival, the patient fell into septic shock. We diagnosed emphysematous cholecystitis and performed an emergency cholecystectomy. As the bile culture was positive for Clostridium perfringens, meropenem was administered. The patient was transferred for rehabilitation 32 days after admission.ConclusionsEmphysematous cholecystitis can present during a treatment of heat stroke. An abdominal X‐ray examination should be performed during treatment of heat stroke in the acute phase regardless of the physical assessment.
Thyroid storm associated with type 2 amiodarone‐induced thyrotoxicosis due to long‐term administration: a case report
Authors: Takemoto Kiyoshi , Takada Shimon 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThere are two types of amiodarone‐induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). Type 1 AIT is increased synthesis of thyroid hormone, whereas type 2 AIT is excess release of thyroid hormone due to a destructive thyroiditis. However, cases leading to amiodarone‐induced thyroid storm are rare.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man with a history of chronic heart failure, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation was treated with amiodarone from age 72. He was presented to the emergency department with edema of the legs and dyspnea on exertion for 3 weeks. He was diagnosed with thyroid storm associated with type 2 AIT on the basis of no pre‐existing thyroid disease and long‐term amiodarone administration without appropriate medical attention and thyroid function tests.ConclusionThis case report suggests that amiodarone can cause not only AIT but also thyroid storm. Regular medical appointment and thyroid function tests can avoid this critical illness.
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane polyimide nanocomposites for color filters and flexible conductive films
Authors: Qian Min , Zhou Bo , Liu Gang , Gao Yang , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColor filters and conductive films are widely used in spacecraft, while the lack of lightweight, flexibility, and atomic oxygen (AO) durability confine their potential applications in low earth orbit. In this study, a clear poly(amic acid) with an empirical 20 wt% polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) solid content is designed for transparency and AO durability. Red, green, blue, and yellow dyes are reinforced with small amounts of 1–5 wt% in POSS polyimides for color filters. A silver nanowire network film is infiltrated onto the POSS polyimide for conductive film. Erosion depth upon hyperthermal AO exposure, surface morphology, surface chemistry, optical transparency, and conductivity have been systematically investigated. The erosion yields of all 20 wt% POSS polyimides decrease by an order of magnitude when subjected to 2.32 ± 0.05 and 2.39 ± 0.06 × 1020 atoms cm−2 AO fluences, as passivating SiOx networks are formed on film surface. The small‐amount dye additives into polyimides do not introduce obvious changes in AO durability and surface chemistry. The silver nanowire infiltrated POSS polyimide film shows a 65.7% transmittance at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 8.50 ± 0.36 Ohm square−1. This study reveals promising attempts of POSS‐polyimide‐based color filters and flexible conductive films for potential space applications.
Consumer disclosure
Authors: Kim Tami , Barasz Kate , John Leslie K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs technological advances enable consumers to share more information in unprecedented ways, today's disclosure takes on a variety of new forms, triggering a paradigm shift in what “disclosure” entails. This review introduces two factors to conceptualize consumer disclosure: how (i.e., actively vs. passively) and between whom (i.e., consumers and/or firms) disclosure occurs. We begin by exploring the drivers of active disclosure occurring in both social and commercial contexts: characteristics of (a) the discloser, (b) the situation in which the disclosure occurs, (c) the information being disclosed, and (d) others. Second, we review the limited but growing research on passive disclosure by focusing on (a) inferences observers make based on passively shared information, and (b) expectations disclosers have regarding the use and collection of passively shared information. Because the current understanding of passive disclosure is limited, we also outline what we see as fruitful avenues of future research. We conclude by pointing out what we perceive as key managerial insights.
High fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Ruan Yiting , Yuan Chengxiang , Liu Yuntao , Zeng Yaying , Cheng Haoran , Cheng Qianqian , Chen Yunbin , Huang Guiqian , He Weilei , He Jincai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complex and multifactorial complication among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the inflammatory response has been considered as a risk factor for HT. We aimed to evaluate the stratification of FAR (fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio), an inflammatory biomarker, in HT patients.MethodsA total of 256 consecutive stroke patients with HT and 256 age‐ and gender‐matched stroke patients without HT were included in this study. HT during hospitalization was diagnosed by follow‐up imaging assessment and was classified into hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) according to the recommendations of European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II classification. Blood samples were obtained at admission.ResultsHigher levels of FAR were observed in patients with HT compared with the non‐HT group [10.29 (8.39–12.95) vs. 8.60 (7.25–10.8), p < .001], but no significant difference was found between the PH and HI [10.88 (8.72–13.40) vs. 10.13 (8.14–12.60), p > .05]. Patients were assigned to groups of high FAR (≥9.51) and low FAR (<9.51) based on the optimal cut‐off value. After adjustment for potential confounders, the high FAR remained independently associated with the increased risk of HT (OR = 5.027, 95% CI = 5.027 (2.309–10.942), p < .001).ConclusionsHigh FAR was independently associated with the increased risk of HT after AIS.
Production of biodiesel by Burkholderia cepacia lipase as a function of process parameters
Authors: Ostojčić Marta , Budžaki Sandra , Flanjak Ivana , Bilić Rajs Blanka , Barišić Iva , Tran Nghiep Nam , Hessel Volker , Strelec Ivica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the already established route of chemically catalyzed transesterification reaction in biodiesel production, due to some of its shortcomings, biocatalysts such as lipases present a vital alternative. Namely, it was noticed that one of the key shortcomings for the optimization of the enzyme catalyzed biodiesel synthesis process is the information on the lipase activity in the reaction mixture. In addition to making optimization difficult, it also makes it impossible to compare the results of the independent research. This article shows how lipase intended for use in biodiesel synthesis can be easily and accurately characterized and what is the enzyme concentration that enables achievement of the desired level of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the final product mixture. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of two different activity loads of Burkholderia cepacia lipase on the biodiesel synthesis varying the pH and temperature optimal for lipase activity. The optimal lipase pH and temperature were determined by two different enzyme assays: spectrophotometric and titrimetric. The B. cepacia lipase pH optimum differentiated between assays, while the lipase optimally hydrolyzed substrates at 50°C. The analysis of FAME during 24 hr of biodiesel synthesis, at two different enzyme concentrations, pH 7, 8, and 10, and using two different buffers, revealed that the transesterification reaction at optimal pH, 1 hr reaction time and lipase activity load of 250 U per gram of reaction mixture was sufficient to produce more than 99% FAME.
Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Sivapiragasam Abirami , Ashok Kumar Prashanth , Sokol Ethan S. , Albacker Lee A. , Killian Jonathan K. , Ramkissoon Shakti H. , Huang Richard S. P. , Severson Eric A. , Brown Charlotte A. , Danziger Natalie , McGregor Kimberly , Ross Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examined a large dataset of female metastatic breast cancers (MBCs) profiled with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to identify the prevalence and distribution of immunotherapy responsiveness‐associated biomarkers. DNA was extracted from 3831 consecutive MBCs: 1237 (ERpos/HER2neg), 1953 ERneg/HER2amp, and 641 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). CGP was performed using the FoundationOne® or FoundationOne®CDx NGS assay. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were determined in a subset of cases. PD‐L1 expression in immunocytes in a subset of cases was determined by immunohistochemistry using the companion diagnostic VENTANA PD‐L1 SP142 Assay. The median age of the cohort was 54 years (range 20–89). Genomic alterations (GAs)/tumor were similar (range: 5.9–7.3). Markers of potential immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) benefit included: CD274 (PD‐L1) amplification (1%–3%), BRAF GA (1%–4%), TMB of ≥10 mutations/Mb (8%–12%), MSI‐high (0.1%–0.4%), PBRM1 GA (1%), and positive PD‐L1 staining of immunocytes ranging from 13% in ERpos/HER2neg and 33% in ERneg/HER2amp to 47% in the TNBC group. Potential markers of ICPI resistance included inactivating STK11 GA (1%–2%) and MDM2 amplification (3%–6%). MTOR pathway targets were common with lowest frequency in TNBC. ERBB2 short variant mutations were most frequent ERpos/HER2neg and absent in TNBC. BRCA1/2 GA were least frequent in ERneg/HER2amp. The demonstrations of clinical benefit of immunotherapy in MBC support the need for development and utilization of biomarkers to guide the use of ICPIs for these patients. In addition to guiding therapy selection, CGP shows potential to identify GA linked to response and resistance to ICPI in MBC.
Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of hyperactive delirium in advanced cancer patients between inpatient palliative care and palliative home care
Authors: Hamano Jun , Mori Masanori , Ozawa Taketoshi , Sasaki Jun , Kawahara Masanori , Nakamura Asumi , Hashimoto Kotaro , Hisajima Kazuhiro , Koga Tomoyuki , Goto Keiji , Fukumoto Kazuhiko , Morimoto Yuri , Goshima Masahiro , Sekimoto Go , Baba Mika , Oya Kiyofumi , Matsunuma Ryo , Azuma Yukari , Imai Kengo , Morita Tatsuya , Shinjo Takuya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperactive delirium is known to increase family distress and the burden on health care providers. We compared the prevalence and associated factors of agitated delirium in advanced cancer patients between inpatient palliative care and palliative home care on admission and at 3 days before death.MethodsThis was a post hoc exploratory analysis of two multicenter, prospective cohort studies of advanced cancer patients, which were performed at 23 palliative care units (PCUs) between Jan and Dec 2017, and on 45 palliative home care services between July and Dec 2017.ResultsIn total, 2998 patients were enrolled and 2829 were analyzed in this study: 1883 patients in PCUs and 947 patients in palliative home care. The prevalence of agitated delirium between PCUs and palliative home care was 5.2% (95% CI: 4.2% ‐ 6.3%) vs. 1.4% (0.7% ‐ 2.3%) on admission (p < 0.001) and 7.6% (6.4% ‐ 8.9%) vs. 5.4% (4.0% ‐ 7.0%) 3 days before death (p < 0.001). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the place of care was not significantly associated with the prevalence of agitated delirium at 3 days before death after adjusting for prognostic factors, physical risk factors, and symptoms.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of agitated delirium at 3 days before death between inpatient palliative care and palliative home care after adjusting for the patient background, prognostic factors, symptoms, and treatment.