bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic analysis of neonatal breath sounds using digital stethoscope technology
Authors: Zhou Lindsay , Marzbanrad Faezeh , Ramanathan Ashwin , Fattahi Davood , Pharande Pramodkumar , Malhotra Atul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no published literature regarding the use of the digital stethoscope (DS) and computerized breath sound analysis in neonates, despite neonates experiencing a high burden of respiratory disease. We aimed to determine if the DS could be used to study breath sounds of term and preterm neonates without respiratory disease, and detect a difference in acoustic characteristics between them.MethodsA commercially available DS was used to record breath sounds of term and preterm neonates not receiving respiratory support between 24 and 48 hours after birth. Recordings were extracted, filtered, and computer analysis performed to obtain power spectra and mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) profiles.ResultsRecordings from 26 term and 26 preterm infants were obtained. The preterm cohort had an average gestational age (median and interquartile range) of 32 (31‐33) weeks and term 39 (38‐39) weeks. Birth weight (mean and SD) was 1767 (411) g for the preterm and 3456 (442) g for the term cohort. Power spectra demonstrated the greatest power in the low‐frequency range of 100 to 250 Hz for both groups. There were significant differences (P < .05) in the average power at low (100‐250 Hz), medium (250‐500 Hz), high (500‐1000 Hz), and very high (1000‐2000 Hz) frequency bands. MFCC profiles also demonstrated significant differences between groups (P < .05).ConclusionIt is feasible to use DS technology to analyze breath sounds in neonates. DS was able to determine significant differences between the acoustic characteristics of term and preterm infants breathing in room air. Further investigation of DS technology for neonatal breath sounds is warranted.
Genes that drive the pathobiology of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Welch Carrie L. , Austin Eric D. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmerging data from studies of pediatric‐onset pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) indicate that the genomics of pediatric PAH is different than that of adults. There is a greater genetic burden in children, with rare genetic factors contributing to at least 35% of pediatric‐onset idiopathic PAH (IPAH) compared with ~11% of adult‐onset IPAH. De novo variants are the most frequent genetic cause of PAH in children, likely contributing to ~15% of all cases. Rare deleterious variants in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) contribute to pediatric‐onset familial PAH and IPAH with similar frequency as adult‐onset. While likely gene‐disrupting (LGD) variants in BMPR2 contribute across the lifespan, damaging missense variants are more frequent in early‐onset PAH. Rare deleterious variants in T‐box 4‐containing protein (TBX4) are more common in pediatric‐compared with adult‐onset PAH, explaining ~8% of pediatric IPAH. PAH associated with congenital heart disease (APAH‐CHD) and other developmental disorders account for a large proportion of pediatric PAH. SRY‐related HMG box transcription factor (SOX17) was recently identified as an APAH‐CHD risk gene, contributing less frequently to IPAH, with a greater prevalence of rare deleterious variants in children compared with adults. The differences in genetic burden and genes underlying pediatric‐ vs adult‐onset PAH indicate that genetic information relevant to pediatric PAH cannot be extrapolated from adult studies. Large cohorts of pediatric‐onset PAH are necessary to identify the unique etiological differences of PAH in children, as well as the natural history and response to therapy.
Nano‐Cavity QED with Tunable Nano‐Tip Interaction
Authors: May Molly A. , Fialkow David , Wu Tong , Park Kyoung‐Duck , Leng Haixu , Kropp Jaron A. , Gougousi Theodosia , Lalanne Philippe , Pelton Matthew , Raschke Markus B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantum state control of two‐level emitters is fundamental for many information processing, metrology, and sensing applications. However, quantum‐coherent photonic control of solid‐state emitters has traditionally been limited to cryogenic environments, which are not compatible with implementation in scalable, broadly distributed technologies. In contrast, plasmonic nano‐cavities with deep sub‐wavelength mode volumes have recently emerged as a path toward room temperature quantum control. However, optimization, control, and modeling of the cavity mode volume are still in their infancy. Here recent demonstrations of plasmonic tip‐enhanced strong coupling (TESC) with a configurable nano‐tip cavity are extended to perform a systematic experimental investigation of the cavity‐emitter interaction strength and its dependence on tip position, augmented by modeling based on both classical electrodynamics and a quasinormal mode framework. Based on this work, a perspective for nano‐cavity optics is provided as a promising tool for room temperature control of quantum coherent interactions that could spark new innovations in fields from quantum information and quantum sensing to quantum chemistry and molecular opto‐mechanics.
Wafer‐Scale and Low‐Temperature Growth of 1T‐WS2 Film for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Hyeong‐U , Kanade Vinit , Kim Mansu , Kim Ki Seok , An Byeong‐Seon , Seok Hyunho , Yoo Hocheon , Chaney Lindsay E. , Kim Seung‐Il , Yang Cheol‐Woong , Yeom Geun Yong , Whang Dongmok , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Kim Taesung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe metallic 1T phase of WS2 (1T‐WS2), which boosts the charge transfer between the electron source and active edge sites, can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As the semiconductor 2H phase of WS2 (2H‐WS2) is inherently stable, methods for synthesizing 1T‐WS2 are limited and complicated. Herein, a uniform wafer‐scale 1T‐WS2 film is prepared using a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE‐CVD) system. The growth temperature is maintained at 150 °C enabling the direct synthesis of 1T‐WS2 films on both rigid dielectric and flexible polymer substrates. Both the crystallinity and number of layers of the as‐grown 1T‐WS2 are verified by various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. A distorted 1T structure with a 2a0 × a0 superlattice is observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy. An electrochemical analysis of the 1T‐WS2 film demonstrates its similar catalytic activity and high durability as compared to those of previously reported untreated and planar 1T‐WS2 films synthesized with CVD and hydrothermal methods. The 1T‐WS2 does not transform to stable 2H‐WS2, even after a 700 h exposure to harsh catalytic conditions and 1000 cycles of HERs. This synthetic strategy can provide a facile method to synthesize uniform 1T‐phase 2D materials for electrocatalysis applications.
Periodic FTO IOs/CdS NRs/CdSe Clusters with Superior Light Scattering Ability for Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Nguyen Tam Duy , Yeo Loo Pin , Tan Chiew Kei , Gan Lin , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPeriodic fluorine‐doped tin oxide inverse opals (FTO IOs) grafted with CdS nanorods (NRs) and CdSe clusters are reported for improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. This hierarchical photoanode is fabricated by a combination of dip‐coating, hydrothermal reaction, and chemical bath deposition. The growth of 1D CdS NRs on the periodic walls of 3D FTO IOs forms a unique 3D/1D hierarchical structure, providing a sizeable specific surface area for the loading of CdSe clusters. Significantly, the periodic FTO IOs enable uniform light scattering while the abundant surrounded CdS NRs induce additional random light scattering, combining to give multiple light scattering within the complete hierarchical structure, significantly improving light‐harvesting of CdS NRs and CdSe clusters. The high electron collection ability of FTO IOs and the CdS/CdSe heterojunction formation also contribute to the enhanced charge transport and separation. Due to the incorporation of these enhancement strategies in one hierarchical structure, FTO IOs/CdS NRs/CdSe clusters present an improved PEC performance. The photocurrent density of FTO IOs/CdS NRs/CdSe clusters at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode reaches 9.2 mA cm−2, which is 1.43 times greater than that of CdS NRs/CdSe clusters and 3.83 times of CdS NRs.
H+‐Insertion Boosted α‐MnO2 for an Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Gao Xu , Wu Hanwen , Li Wenjie , Tian Ye , Zhang Yun , Wu Hao , Yang Li , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRechargeable Zn/MnO2 batteries using mild aqueous electrolytes are attracting extensive attention due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the charge‐storage mechanism involved remains a topic of controversy so far. Also, the practical energy density and cycling stability are still major issues for their applications. Herein, a free‐standing α‐MnO2 cathode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is directly constructed with ultralong nanowires, leading to a rather high energy density of 384 mWh g−1 for the entire electrode. Greatly, the H+/Zn2+ coinsertion mechanism of α‐MnO2 cathode for aqueous ZIBs is confirmed by a combined analysis of in situ X‐ray diffractometry, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods. More interestingly, the Zn2+‐insertion is found to be less reversible than H+‐insertion in view of the dramatic capacity fading occurring in the Zn2+‐insertion step, which is further evidenced by the discovery of an irreversible ZnMn2O4 layer at the surface of α‐MnO2. Hence, the H+‐insertion process actually plays a crucial role in maintaining the cycling performance of the aqueous Zn/α‐MnO2 battery. This work is believed to provide an insight into the charge‐storage mechanism of α‐MnO2 in aqueous systems and paves the way for designing aqueous ZIBs with high energy density and long‐term cycling ability.
Boosting the Loading of Metal Single Atoms via a Bioconcentration Strategy
Authors: Lei Jia , Liu Huanhuan , Yin Dingrui , Zhou Linghao , Liu Ji‐An , Chen Qiang , Cui Xudong , He Rong , Duan Tao , Zhu Wenkun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing the mass loading of transition metal single atoms coordinated with nitrogen in carbon‐based materials (M‐N‐C) is still challenging. Herein, inspired by the bioconcentration effect in the living body, a biochemistry strategy for the synthesis of Fe‐N‐C single atoms is demonstrated. Through introducing ferrous glycinate into the growth of fungus, the Fe atoms are bioconcentrated in hyphae. The highly dispersed Fe‐N‐C single atoms in hyphae‐derived carbon fibers (labeled as Fe‐N‐C SA/HCF) are prepared by the pyrolysis of Fe‐riched hyphae. In the bioconcentration process, the uptake of Fe ions by hyphae promotes the secretion of glutathione and ferritin, which provides additional coordination sites for Fe ions. Accordingly, the mass content of Fe in bioconcentrated Fe‐N‐C SA/HCF reaches 4.8%, which is 5.3 times larger than that of the sample prepared by the conventional pyrolysis process. The present bioconcentration strategy is further extended to the preparation of Co, Ni, and Mn single atoms. Owing to the high content of Fe‐N‐C single atoms, Fe‐N‐C SA/HCF shows the onset potential (Eonset) of 0.931 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.802 V versus RHE in oxygen reduction reaction measurements, which is comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalysts.
DNA Origami Catenanes Templated by Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Peil Andreas , Zhan Pengfei , Liu Na 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanically interlocked molecules have marked a breakthrough in the field of topological chemistry and boosted the vigorous development of molecular machinery. As an archetypal example of the interlocked molecules, catenanes comprise macrocycles that are threaded through one another like links in a chain. Inspired by the transition metal–templated approach of catenanes synthesis, the hierarchical assembly of DNA origami catenanes templated by gold nanoparticles is demonstrated in this work. DNA origami catenanes, which contain two, three or four interlocked rings are successfully created. In particular, the origami rings within the individual catenanes can be set free with respect to one another by releasing the interconnecting gold nanoparticles. This work will set the basis for rich progress toward DNA‐based molecular architectures with unique structural programmability and well‐defined topology.
Recent Advances in the Preparation and Characterization of Intermediately to Highly Esterified and Etherified Starches: A Review
Authors: Xu Jianteng , Andrews Timothy D. , Shi Yong‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStarch can be derivatized with various functional groups to achieve different physicochemical properties. For decades, researchers have focused on lightly substituted starches since these starches can be prepared economically in aqueous slurries. In contrast, modified starches having high or intermediate degree of substitution have not been thoroughly investigated or extensively used, mainly because their conventional preparation involves harmful solvents that renders their purification uneconomical. Aiming to explore possible industrially feasible routes for producing medium and highly substituted starch derivatives, this review summarizes developments in synthetic methods, especially the influence of synthesis media and reaction conditions. In addition, crucial physicochemical properties of those highly substituted starches are discussed.
Sphingosine kinases protect murine embryonic stem cells from sphingosine-induced cell cycle arrest
Authors: Pandey Suveg , Banks Kelly M. , Kumar Ritu , Kuo Andrew , Wen Duancheng , Hla Timothy , Evans Todd 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule regulating organogenesis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. S1P is generated by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) through the phosphorylation of ceramide-derived sphingosine. Phenotypes caused by manipulating S1P metabolic enzymes and receptors suggested several possible functions for S1P in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), yet the mechanisms by which S1P and related sphingolipids act in ESCs are controversial. We designed a rigorous test to evaluate the requirement of S1P in murine ESCs by knocking out both Sphk1 and Sphk2 to create cells incapable of generating S1P. To accomplish this, we created lines mutant for Sphk2 and conditionally mutant (floxed) for Sphk1, allowing evaluation of ESCs that transition to double-null state. The Sphk1/2-null ESCs lack S1P and accumulate the precursor sphingosine. The double-mutant cells fail to grow due to a marked cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Mutant cells activate expression of telomere elongation factor genes Zscan4, Tcstv1, and Tcstv3 and display longer telomeric repeats. Adding exogenous S1P to the medium had no impact, but the cell cycle arrest is partially alleviated by the expression of a ceramide synthase 2, which converts excess sphingosine into ceramide. The results indicate that sphingosine kinase activity is essential in mouse ESCs for limiting the accumulation of sphingosine that otherwise drives cell cycle arrest.
Numerical evaluation of the corrosion effects in prestressed concrete beams without shear reinforcement
Authors: Belletti Beatrice , Vecchi Francesca , Bandini Cecilia , Andrade Carmen , Montero Javier Sánchez 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCorrosion of prestressed concrete structures causes size reduction of strands, degradation of mechanical properties of steel, cracking of the surrounding concrete, and bond decay at steel‐to‐concrete interface. In this paper, a numerical approach able to take into account all the effects involved in the corrosion process by using nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and membrane or shell elements modeling is proposed. Two different strategies are adopted to model strands: the smeared and the discrete approaches. The results obtained using these latter strategies are validated by comparing NLFEA results with experimental measurements of a naturally corroded prestressed beam tested at the “Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja” in Madrid. Finally, pros and cons of the proposed modeling approach are critically analyzed, demonstrating that considering the actual spatial corrosion distribution is necessary to predict the position where failure occurs.
Renaissance of Ring‐Opening Chemistry of Benzotriazoles: New Wine in an Old Bottle
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , Wang Zhiguo , Tang Yefeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract1,2,3‐Benzotriazoles could undergo ring cleavage to form ortho‐amino arenediazonium or α‐diazo‐imine species via a Dimroth‐type equilibrium. Historically, the synthetic potential of this unique reactivity had remained underdeveloped. Recently, some new strategies have been developed to effect the ring‐opening chemistry of benzotriazoles in more practical manners. A wide range of conceptually novel and synthetically useful reactions have been developed, which enable the access to diverse valuable heterocycles and ortho‐amino arene derivatives. As one of the players in this field, our group has also contributed a series of intriguing transition‐metal‐catalyzed denitrogenative functionalizations of benzotriazoles. In this account, we aim to provide an overview of the ring‐opening chemistry of benzotriazoles, with a focus on relevant works published in the past decade. In order to show a whole picture of the research field, some pioneering works in its developing history will also be discussed briefly.
Designing Data Structures for Persistent Memory
Authors: Scargall Steve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTaking advantage of the unique characteristics of persistent memory, such as byte addressability, persistence, and update in place, allows us to build data structures that are much faster than any data structure requiring serialization or flushing to a disk. However, this comes at a cost. Algorithms must be carefully designed to properly persist data by flushing CPU caches or using non-temporal stores and memory barriers to maintain data consistency. This chapter describes how to design such data structures and algorithms and shows what properties they should have.
PMDK Internals: Important Algorithms and Data Structures
Authors: Scargall Steve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChapters 5 through 10 describe most of the libraries contained within the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK) and how to use them. This chapter introduces the fundamental algorithms and data structures on which libpmemobj is built. After we first describe the overall architecture of the library, we discuss the individual components and the interaction between them that makes libpmemobj a cohesive system.
libpmem: Low-Level Persistent Memory Support
Authors: Scargall Steve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces , one of the smallest libraries in PMDK. This C library is very low level, dealing with things like CPU instructions related to persistent memory, optimal ways to copy data to persistence, and file mapping. Programmers who only want completely raw access to persistent memory, without libraries to provide allocators or transactions, will likely want to use as a basis for their development.
Oscillating composite asymmetric dark matter
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Kobayashi Shin , Nagai Ryo , Nakano Wakutaka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The asymmetric dark matter (ADM) scenario can solve the coincidence problem between the baryon and the dark matter (DM) abundance when the DM mass is of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) GeV. In the ADM scenarios, composite dark matter is particularly motivated, as it can naturally provide the DM mass in the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) GeV range and a large annihilation cross section simultaneously. In this paper, we discuss the indirect detection constraints on the composite ADM model. The portal operators connecting the B − L asymmetries in the dark and the Standard Model(SM) sectors are assumed to be generated in association with the seesaw mechanism. In this model, composite dark matter inevitably obtains a tiny Majorana mass which induces a pair-annihilation of ADM at late times. We show that the model can be efficiently tested by the searches for the γ-ray from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the interstellar electron/positron flux.
Exotic lepton-flavor violating Higgs decays
Authors: Evans Jared A. , Tanedo Philip , Zakeri Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Exotic Higgs decays are promising channels to discover new physics in the near future. We present a simple model with a new light scalar that couples to the Standard Model through a charged lepton-flavor violating interaction. This can yield exciting new signatures, such as h → e+e+μ−μ−, that currently have no dedicated searches at the Large Hadron Collider. We discuss this model in detail, assess sensitivity from flavor constraints, explore current constraints from existing multi-lepton searches, and construct a new search strategy to optimally target these exotic, lepton-flavor violating Higgs decays.
Polarised amplitudes and soft-virtual cross sections for b$$ \overline{b} $$→ Z H at NNLO in QCD
Authors: Ahmed Taushif , Ajjath A.H. , Chen Long , Dhani Prasanna K. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Production of the Higgs boson, H in association with a massive vector boson, V, i.e., the V H process, plays an important role in the explorations of Higgs physics at the Large Hadron Collider, both for a precise study of Higgs’ Standard Model couplings and for probing New Physics. In this publication we present the two-loop corrections in mass- less quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to the amplitude of the Higgs production associated with a Z boson via the bottom quark-antiquark annihilation channel with a non-vanishing bottom-quark Yukawa coupling, which is a necessary ingredient of the full next-to-next- to-leading-order QCD corrections to the V H process in the five-flavour scheme. The computation is performed by projecting the D-dimensional scattering amplitude directly onto an appropriate set of Lorentz structures related to the linear polarisation states of the Z boson. We provide analytic expressions of the complete set of renormalised polarised amplitudes in terms of polylogarithms of maximum weight four. To give an estimation of the size of contributions from amplitudes considered in this work, we compute numerically the resulting cross sections under the soft-virtual approximation. We also take the opportunity to make a dedicated discussion regarding an interesting subtlety appearing in the conventional form factor decomposition of amplitudes involving axial currents regularised in D dimensions.