bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Maximum Average Temperature on Suicide Rates in California, 2008-2017: Public Health Implications of Climate Change
Authors: Qamar Mavra , Cheng Sierra , Plouffe Rebecca , Nanos Stephanie , Fisman David N , Soucy Jean-Paul R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSuicide prevention is a salient public health responsibility, as it is one of the top ten leading causes of premature mortality in the United States. Risk factors of suicide transcend the individual and societal level as risk can increase based on climatic variables. Previous studies have been country-based. Currently, studies focused solely on regions, provinces, or states, such as California, are limited. The present study holds two purposes: i) to assess the effect of maximum temperature on suicides, and ii) to evaluate the effect of number of monthly heat events on suicide rates, in California from 2008-2017.MethodsThe exposure was measured as the average Californian daily maximum temperature within each month, and the number of monthly heat events, which was calculated as a count of the days exhibiting a >15% increase from the historical monthly temperature. The outcome was measured as California’s monthly suicide rate. Negative binomial regression models assessed the relationship between maximum temperature and suicides, and heat events and suicide. A seasonal decomposition of a time series and auto-correlogram further analyzed the seasonality of suicide and the trend from 2008-2017. ResultsThere were 40,315 deaths by suicide in California between 2008-2017. Negative binomial regression indicated a 6.1% increase in suicide incidence rate ratio (IRR) per 10°F increase in maximum temperature (IRR=1.00590 per 1°F, 95% CI: 1.00387, 1.00793, p<0.0001) and a positive, non-significant association between suicide rates and number of heat events adjusted for month of occurrence (IRR 1.00148 per heat event, 95% CI: 0.99636, 1.00661, p=0.572). The time series analysis and auto-correlogram suggested seasonality of deaths by suicide.ConclusionThe present study provided preliminary evidence that will generate future directions for research. We must seek to further illuminate the relationship of interest and apply our findings to public health interventions that will lower the rates of death by suicide as we are confronted with the effects of climate change.
Effects of training podiatrists to use imagery-based motivational interviewing to improve self-care for people with diabetes-related foot disease: A mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Kaczmarek Tracey , Netten Jaap Van , Lazzarini Peter , Kavanagh David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Self-care in diabetic foot disease (DFD) is challenging and can contribute to poor outcomes. Motivational Interviewing (MI) engages people in self-care and integrating imagery may further improve its outcomes. No previous studies have trained podiatrists in using MI to address DFD self-care. This was the first study on training podiatrists to conduct imagery-based motivational interviewing (MI) when treating people with diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), and to examine impacts on MI related skills, job satisfaction and subjective experiences in a mixed-methods pilot study.

Methods

Eleven recruited podiatrists (Median age 35, 9 female) received two 4-hour training sessions and three received later mentoring. MI and imagery skills were rated using validated tools during two clinical sessions per participant at baseline, and 2- and 12-weeks post-training. Job satisfaction was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Semi-structured interviews at 12 weeks were analysed using the framework approach.

Results

Significant improvements over time ( p =.006-.044) with substantial effect sizes (η 2 =.50-.67) were found in three of four global MI related communication skills and two of four MI behaviours. However, effects on these indices were not sustained to 12 weeks, and imagery was rarely used. Job satisfaction was high at baseline and unchanged at follow-up ( p =0.34, η 2 =.100). In qualitative interviews, MI training and skills were valued, but significant challenges in using MI when treating people with DFD were reported.

Conclusion

Training podiatrists in MI may have potential but more training, observation and mentoring appear needed to obtain sustained communication changes in practice.
RDmap: A Map for Exploring Rare Diseases
Authors: Yang Jian , Dong Cong , Duan Huilong , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The complexity of the phenotypic characteristics and molecular bases of many rare human genetic diseases make the diagnosis of such diseases a challenge for clinicians. A map for visualizing, locating and navigating rare diseases based on similarity will help clinicians and researchers understand and easily explore these diseases. Methods: By defining the quantitative distance among phenotypes and pathogenic genes based on corresponding ontology systems, the distance matrix of rare diseases included in Orphanet was calculated and mapped into Euclidean space. Enhanced by clustering classes and disease information, a rare disease map was developed based on ECharts. Results: The rare disease map called RDmap was published at http://rdmap.nbscn.org. The phenotype-based map comprises 3,287 rare diseases and the gene-based map comprises 3,789 rare genetic diseases and they were bridged by 1,718 overlapping diseases. RDmap works similar to the widely used Google map and supports zooming and panning. The phenotype similarity base disease location function performed better than traditional keyword search in an in-silico evaluation and 20 published cases of rare diseases also demonstrated that RDmap can be used by clinicians to improve diagnosis. Conclusion: RDmap is the first user-interactive map-style rare disease knowledgebase. It will help clinicians and researchers explore the increasing complicated rare genetic diseases.
Double attack strategy for leukemia using a pre-targeting bispecific antibody (CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv) and actively attracting PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin to enhance anti-tumor activity
Authors: Ho Kai-Wen , Chen I-Ju , Cheng Yi-An , Liao Tzu-Yi , Liu En-Shuo , Chen Huei-Jen , Lu Yun-Chi , Su Yu-Cheng , Roffler Steve R. , Huang Bo-Cheng , Liu Hui-Ju , Huang Ming-Yii , Chen Chiao-Yun , Cheng Tian-Lu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Tumor-targeted nanoparticles hold great promise as new tools for therapy of liquid cancers. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles can be improved by enhancing the cancer cellular internalization.

Methods

In this study, we developed a humanized bispecific antibody (BsAbs: CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv) which retains the clinical anti-CD20 whole antibody (Ofatumumab) and is fused with anti-mPEG single chain antibodies (scFv) that can target the systemic liquid tumor cells. This combination achieves the therapeutic function and simultaneously “grabs” PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to enhance the cellular internalization and anticancer activity of PLD.

Results

We successfully constructed the CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv and proved that CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv can target CD20-expressing Raji cells and simultaneously grab PEGylated liposomal DiD increasing the internalization ability up to 60% in 24 h. We further showed that the combination of CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv and PLD successfully led to a 9-fold increase in tumor cytotoxicity (LC 50 : 0.38 nM) compared to the CD20 Ab×DNS scFv and PLD (lC 50 : 3.45 nM) in vitro . Importantly, a combination of CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv and PLD had greater anti-liquid tumor efficacy ( P = 0.0005) in Raji-bearing mice than CD20 Ab×DNS scFv and PLD.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that this “double-attack” strategy using CD20 Ab×mPEG scFv and PLD can retain the tumor targeting ( first attack ) and confer PLD tumor-selectivity ( second attack ) to enhance PLD internalization and improve therapeutic efficacy in liquid tumors.
Spinal cerebrospinal fluid flow is increased in rats with elevated intracranial pressure 18 hours after cortical ischaemic stroke
Authors: Bothwell Steven William , Omileke Daniel , Pepperall Debbie-Gai , Patabendige Adjanie , Spratt Neil J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

A dramatic oedema-independent intracranial pressure (ICP) rise occurs 24 hours post-stroke in rats and may explain infarct expansion. Underlying mechanisms of this rise are unknown but evidence suggests cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are involved.

Methods

We investigated how CSF flow changes post-stroke and how this relates to ICP by infusing CSF tracer into the lateral ventricles of rats and assessing transport time and total tracer transport to the spinal subarachnoid space over a 90 minute period.

Results

Stroke animals with ICP rise had faster tracer transit when compared with stroke animals without ICP rise (27.6 ± 4, n = 6, vs 48.6 ± 4.5 mins, n = 6) or animals subjected to a sham procedure (47.9 ± 4 mins, n = 8), F(2,17) = 0.1, p≤0.01. There was a correlation between tracer transit time and ΔICP (R = -0.52, p=0.02) and infarct volume (R = -0.6, p=0.04). There was no difference in total tracer observed.

Conclusions

Faster tracer transit in stroke animals may be explained by impairment of other CSF outflow pathways, whereby, spinal drainage acts as a compensatory mechanism. Investigation into the disruption of other CSF drainage routes post-stroke may offer insight into the underlying mechanisms of infarct expansion post-stroke.
High-pressure syntheses and crystal structure analyses of a new low-density CaFe2O4-related and CaTi2O4-type MgAl2O4 phases
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , Criniti Giacomo , Bykova Elena , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Katsura Tomoo , Arii Hidekazu , Kojitani Hiroshi , Akaogi Masaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree single crystals of CaTi2O4 (CT)-type, CaFe2O4 (CF)-type, and new low-density CaFe2O4 (LD-CF) related MgAl2O4 were synthesized at 27 GPa and 2500 °C and also CT-type MgAl2O4 at 45 GPa and 1727 °C using conventional and advanced multi-anvil technologies, respectively. The structures of CT-type and LD-CF related MgAl2O4 were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The lattice parameters of the CT-type phases synthesized at 27 and 45 GPa were a = 2.7903(4), b = 9.2132(10), and c = 9.3968(12) Å, and a = 2.7982(6), b = 9.2532(15), and c = 9.4461(16) Å, respectively, (Z = 4, space group: Cmcm) at ambient conditions. This phase has an AlO6 octahedral site and an MgO8 bicapped trigonal prism with two longer cation-oxygen bonds. The LD-CF related phase has a novel structure with orthorhombic symmetry (space group: Pnma), and lattice parameters of a = 9.207(2), b = 3.0118(6), and c = 9.739(2) Å (Z = 4). The structural framework comprises tunnel-shaped spaces constructed by edge- and corner-sharing of AlO6 and a 4+1 AlO5 trigonal bipyramid, in which MgO5 trigonal bipyramids are accommodated. The CF-type MgAl2O4 also has the same space group of Pnma but a slightly different atomic arrangement, with Mg and Al coordination numbers of 8 and 6, respectively. The LD-CF related phase has the lowest density of 3.50 g/cm3 among MgAl2O4 polymorphs, despite its high-pressure synthesis from the spinel-type phase (3.58 g/cm3), indicating that the LD-CF related phase formed via back-transformation from a high-pressure phase during the recovery. Combined with the previously determined phase relations, the phase transition between CF-and CT-type MgAl2O4 is expected to have a steep Clapeyron slope. Therefore, CT-type phase may be stable in basaltic- and continental-crust compositions at higher temperatures than the average mantle geotherm in the wide pressure range of the lower mantle. The LD-CF related phase could be found in shocked meteorites and used for estimating shock conditions.
Therapeutic Potential of Non-Coding RNAs and TLR Signalling Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Xiaoxu , Wang Shufeng , Liu Fengxia 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common connective tissue disease, characteristic
of chronic and invasive synovitis in single or multiple joints and vasculitis. RA is a heterogeneous
disease with unclear pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is
essential for identifying new promising treatment strategies for RA. Accumulated data have implicated
the significant role of non-coding RNA in RA, some of which are demonstrated to regulate inflammation
and autoimmunity in RA through the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. To clarify the
mechanism of non-coding RNA regulating the generation of proinflammatory mediators is helpful for
understanding the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these well established non-coding RNAs can serve
as novel biotargets for RA diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:
Here, we summarize currently available data on non-coding RNAs, TLRs, and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RA. This review will provide insight into the potential use of non-coding RNA as disease diagnosis and treatment
markers for RA.
Closing the Gap: An Atomistic Structural and Functional Perspective of S. mansoni Universal Stress G4LZI3 Protein in Complex with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Masamba Priscilla , Munsamy Geraldene , Kappo Abidemi Paul 
Published: October 2020

Background:
For decades, Praziquantel has been the undisputed drug of choice for all
schistosome infections, but rising concerns due to the unelucidated mechanism of action of the
drug and unavoidable reports of emerging drug resistant strains has necessitated the need for alternative
treatment drug. Moreover, current apprehension has been reinforced by total dependence on
the drug for treatment hence, the search for novel and effective anti-schistosomal drugs.

Methods:
This study made use of bioinformatic tools to determine the structural binding of the Universal
G4LZI3 Stress Protein (USP) in complex with ten polyphenol compounds, thereby highlighting
the effectiveness of these recently identified ‘lead’ molecules in the design of novel therapeutics
targeted against schistosomiasis. Upregulation of the G4LZI3 USP throughout the schistosome
multifaceted developmental cycle sparks interest in its potential role as a druggable target. The integration
of in silico tools provides an atomistic perspective into the binding of potential inhibitors to
target proteins. This study therefore, implemented the use of Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations
to provide functional and structural insight into key conformational changes upon binding of G4-
ZLI3 to these key phenolic compounds.

Results:
Post-MD analyses revealed unique structural and conformational changes in the G4LZI3
protein in complex with curcumin and catechin respectively. These systems exhibited the highest
binding energies, while the major interacting residues conserved in all the complexes provides a
route map for structure-based drug design of novel compounds with enhanced inhibitory potency
against the G4LZI3 protein.

Conclusion:
This study suggests an alternative approach for the development of anti-schistosomal
drugs using natural compounds.
Penguasaan Komunikasi, Disiplin, dan Kerja Sama Melalui Praktik Kerja Industri Bidang Manufaktur oleh Siswa Kelas XII Teknik Pemesinan SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta
Authors: Raharjo Teguh , Hargiyarto Putut 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the communication skills, discipline, and teamwork of students after carrying out industrial work practices in the manufacturing sectors, and to study the implementation of the industrial work practices. The studied subjects are the students of class XII in the engineering expertise program of SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. This research is a combination research type with a sequential explanatory strategy model with quantitative and qualitative data. Data were collected using interviews and documentation. The sampling techniques used are purposive sampling and snowball sampling with a sample of 76 students and one internship supervisor. Data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive statistics, data frequency distribution, analysis of variable indicators, and qualitative analysis of interview results. The results showed that students' communication ability was classified as "good" with an accomplishment score of 78%, discipline was classified as "very good" with an achievement score of 85%, and student teamwork was classified as "very good" with an implementation score of 82%, and the implementation of industrial work practices was classified as "good" with a value of 83 %.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan komunikasi, disiplin, dan kerja sama siswa kelas XII program keahlian Teknik Pemesinan SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta setelah melaksanakan kegiatan praktik kerja industri (prakerin) pada bidang manufaktur serta mengetahui pelaksanaan praktik kerja industri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kombinasi dengan model strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial yang memiliki data berupa kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi serta teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling purposive dan snowball sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 76 siswa dan 1 guru pembimbing prakerin. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif, distribusi frekuensi data, analisis indikator variabel, dan analisis kualitatif hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi siswa tergolong baik dengan nilai keterlaksanaan sebesar 78%, kemampuan disiplin tergolong sangat baik dengan nilai keterlaksanaan sebesar 85%, dan kemampuan kerja sama siswa tergolong sangat baik dengan nilai keterlaksanaan sebesar 82%, serta pelaksanaan praktik kerja industri tergolong baik/efektif dengan nilai keterlaksanaan sebesar 83%.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Proses Hard Chrome pada Pelat Baja ST37 Terhadap Kekerasan dan Ketebalan Lapisan
Authors: Cahyanto Bimo Tri , Anis Samsudin 
Published: October 2020

The thickness and hardness affect the service life of ST37 steels. The temperature and duration of the coating process affect the hard chrome layer's thickness and hardness. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of temperature and coating duration of the ST37 steel plate using the hard chrome coating method on the thickness and hardness of the coating. This research is an experimental study in which the treatment used is the temperature and duration of the metal plating process with hard chrome. The temperatures used were 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C, and the coating time was 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. After the hard chrome plating process is complete, the thickness and hardness of each specimen were tested. This research uses descriptive analysis. The results obtained from the thickness test are the highest average layer thickness of 8.9 µm at 45 °C, 9.1 µm at 50 °C, and 9.2 µm at 55 °C, respectively. The coating hardness test result shows an average value of 323.28 VHN at 45 °C, 333.01 VHN at 50 °C, and 466.51 VHN at 55° C, respectively. It can be concluded that the duration of the metal plating process with the controlled temperatures proportionally affects the thickness and hardness of the coating.Ketebalan dan kekerasan berpengaruh terhadap masa pakai logam baja ST37. Suhu dan lama proses pelapisan mempengaruhi tingkat ketebalan dan kekerasan lapisan hard chrome. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama pelapisan pelat baja ST37 menggunakan metode pelapisan hard chrome terhadap ketebalan dan kekerasan lapisan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen di mana perlakuan yang digunakan adalah suhu dan lama proses pelapisan logam dengan hard chrome. Suhu yang digunakan adalah 45°C, 50°C, dan 55°C, dan lama pelapisannya yaitu 10 menit, 20 menit, dan 30 menit. Setelah proses pelapisan hard chrome selesai, selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian ketebalan dan kekerasan lapisan pada masing-masing spesimen. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil yang didapatkan dari pengujian ketebalan yaitu menghasilkan nilai rata-rata ketebalan lapisan tertinggi sebesar 8,9µm pada suhu 45°C, 9,1 µm pada suhu 50°C, dan 9,2 µm pada suhu 55°C. Hasil pengujian kekerasan lapisan yang didapatkan yaitu menghasilkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 323,28 VHN pada suhu 45°C, 333,01 VHN pada suhu 50°C, dan 466,51 VHN pada suhu 55°C. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama proses pelapisan logam dengan suhu 45°C, 50°C, dan 55°C maka ketebalan dan kekerasan lapisan akan bertambah.
Karakterisasi Ketahanan Lelah Takik Ulir Whitworth Akibat Pembebanan Puntir Dinamis pada Baja Karbon Rendah
Authors: Atho’ullah A Hasan , Yudiono Heri 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze Whitworth thread's fatigue characterization due to dynamic twisting on low carbon steel. The research method uses experiments with pre-experimental design with the form of intact group comparison. The experimental group was specimens with Whitworth thread notch depth of 0.67 mm, 0.81 mm, and 1.16 mm. The control group was Whitworth threads with a notch depth of 0.9 mm. The study used low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.12% wt. The dynamic torsion testing with a twisting angle of 5 reveals that the deeper the Whitworth thread notch, the lower the fatigue resistance. The fracture surface is visible due to dynamic torsion in the form of initial crack, crack propagation rate, and final crack.Fenomena kegagalan lelah disebabkan oleh pola pembebanan dan bentuk takikan. Pola pembebanan terjadi karena puntir lentur dan puntir dinamis. Bentuk takikan diperlukan karena tuntutan desain, salah satunya adalah takik ulir whitworth. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakterisasi ketahanan lelah ulir whitworth akibat pembebanan puntir dinamis pada baja karbon rendah. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen dengan pre-experimental design dengan bentuk intact-group comparison. Kelompok eksperimen adalah spesimen dengan kedalaman takik ulir whitworth 0.67 mm, 0.81 mm, dan 1.16 mm. Kelompok kontrol dengan kedalaman takik ulir whitworth sebesar 0.9 mm. Penelitian menggunakan baja karbon rendah dengan kandungan karbon sebesar 0.12% wt. Hasil pengujian puntir dinamis mengungkapkan bahwa semakin dalam takik ulir withworth maka ketahanan lelahnya semakin menurun. Bentuk penampang patah akibat pembebanan puntir dinamis berupa initial crack, crack propagation rate dan final crack.
AS crises institucionais e o esgotamento da democracia liberal
Authors: Pereira Rodrigues Mariana , Vieira da Silva Filho Edson 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar, a partir do auxílio teórico de Lenio Streck e de uma metodologia de análise bibliográfica, as crises institucionais da contemporaneidade e a (in)eficácia do modelo normativo vigente que tem comprometido a democracia brasileira e agredido a Constituição Federal de 1988. Desse modo, a pesquisa dedica-se encontrar uma resposta, uma denúncia da fragilidade do sistema como se apresenta e como compromete os desígnios constitucionais, para isso a necessária crítica às estruturas estatais. A análise parte das transformações estatais, sociais e a crise do Estado Moderno que ocorreu no final do século XX e da consolidação da nova ordem constitucional no Brasil fundada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 que constituiu no país o Estado Democrático de Direito. Dentre os vários elementos que comportam as crises institucionais brasileiras, o trabalho restringiu-se sobre algumas de suas causas que encontram-se interligadas: os grupos de poder que valeram-se das mesmas estratégias dos que antecederam, à recepção constitucional do modelo de presidencialismo de coalizão e o protagonismo do judiciário, no qual concluiu-se que tais elementos tem contribuído para as múltiplas crises que afetam as instituições brasileiras gerando frustração popular alimentando o descontentamento às instituições políticas e a descrença na democracia liberal.
Palavras-chave: crises institucionais. presidencialismo de coalizão. protagonismo do judiciário. democracia liberal.