bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trajectory of Body Image Disturbance in Patients with Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Marsh Courtney H. , Maurer Stacey , Day Terry A. , Hornig Joshua D. , Lentsch Eric J. , Neskey David M. , Skoner Judith , Sterba Katherine R. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize the temporal trajectory of body image disturbance (BID) in patients with surgically treated head and neck cancer (HNC).Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and Methods:Patients with HNC who were undergoing surgery completed the Body Image Scale (BIS), a validated patient‐reported outcome measure of BID, pretreatment and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months posttreatment. Changes in BIS scores (ΔBIS) relative to pretreatment (primary endpoint) were analyzed with a linear mixed model. Associations between demographics, clinical characteristics, psychosocial attributes, and persistently elevated BIS scores and increases in BIS scores ≥5 points relative to pretreatment (secondary endpoints) were analyzed through logistic regression.ResultsOf the 68 patients, most were male (n = 43), had oral cavity cancer (n = 37), and underwent microvascular reconstruction (n = 45). Relative to baseline, mean ΔBIS scores were elevated at 1 month postoperatively (2.9; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.4) and 3 (3.2; 95% CI, 1.5‐4.9) and 6 (1.8; 95% CI, 0.02‐3.6) months posttreatment before returning to baseline at 9 months posttreatment (0.9; 95% CI, –0.8 to 2.5). Forty‐three percent of patients (19 of 44) had persistently elevated BIS scores at 9 months posttreatment relative to baseline, and 51% (31 of 61) experienced an increase in BIS scores ≥5 relative to baseline.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients surgically treated for HNC, BID worsens posttreatment before returning to pretreatment (baseline) levels at 9 months posttreatment. However, 4 in 10 patients will experience a protracted course with persistent posttreatment body image concerns, and half will experience a significant increase in BIS scores relative to pretreatment levels.
Improving On‐time Discharge in Otolaryngology Admissions
Authors: Gordon Steven A. , Garber David , Taufique Zahrah , Shao Qianhui , Amin Milan R. , Roland J. Thomas , Givi Babak 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveWe conducted a quality improvement project to increase the rate of discharges before noon (DBN) in the otolaryngology department at a tertiary care center.MethodsBased on a Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act framework, monthly discharge data and observed‐to‐expected (O:E) length of stay were collected and shared with the department members monthly. A target of 43% DBN was predetermined by the center (Plan). The following interventions were implemented (Do): discharge planning starting at the time of admission, focus on early attending‐to‐resident team communication, placement of discharge order prior to rounding, and weekly reminders to the entire department.ResultsDischarges were monitored for 3 years. For the year prior to this study, a minority of patients were discharged before noon (12 months: 75 of 190, 36%). During the first 6 months of monitoring (Study), no significant improvement was identified (34 of 95, 36%). After interventions, performance significantly improved (31 months: 250 of 548, 68%). The performance was consistently above the predetermined target of 43%. During the study time, O:E length of stay remained below the predetermined target (O:E ratio, 0.90; hospital target, 0.93).DiscussionComprehensive discharge planning beginning at the time of admission, weekly reminders, and improved communication (Act) can help to prioritize DBN and increase the percentage of discharges before noon.Implications for PracticeBy utilizing a quality improvement framework, significant improvements in timely discharge can be achieved and sustained with changes in workflow and departmental culture. These changes can be achieved without increases in resources or prolonging the length of stay.
Melanin-concentrating hormone in rat nucleus accumbens or lateral hypothalamus differentially impacts morphine and food seeking behaviors
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jianjun , Bai Yunjing , Zheng Xigeng , Alizamini Mirmohammadali M , Shang Wen , Yang Qingxiong , Li Ming , Li Yonghui , Sui Nan 
Published: January 2020

Background: Identifying neural substrates that are differentially affected by drugs of abuse and natural rewards is key to finding a target for an efficacious treatment for substance abuse. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a polypeptide with an inhibitory effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Here we test the hypothesis that melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens shell is differentially involved in the regulation of morphine and food-rewarded behaviors. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained with morphine (5.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or food pellets (standard chow, 10–14 g) to induce a conditioned place preference, immediately followed by extinction training. Melanin-concentrating hormone (1.0 µg/side) or saline was infused into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the reinstatement primed by morphine or food, and locomotor activity was simultaneously monitored. As the comparison, melanin-concentrating hormone was also microinjected into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the expression of food or morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Results: Microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the nucleus accumbens shell (but not into the lateral hypothalamus) prevented the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference. In contrast, microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the lateral hypothalamus (but not in the nucleus accumbens shell) inhibited the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference. Conclusions: These results suggest a clear double dissociation of melanin-concentrating hormone in morphine/food rewarding behaviors and melanin-concentrating hormone in the nucleus accumbens shell. Melanin-concentrating hormone could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for morphine abuse without affecting natural rewards.
Is the relation between non-controlling interests and parent companies misleading?
Authors: Lopes Ana Isabel , Lourenço Isabel Costa , Soliman Mark T , Branco Manuel Castelo 
Published: January 2020

This article investigates whether different levels of investor protection affect the equity market’s valuation of non-controlling interests (NCIs) in a consolidated corporate entity. Using a set of publicly listed European firms, our findings suggest a positive (negative) association of NCIs with parent companies’ share prices in countries with low (high) levels of investor protection. We interpret the findings as evidence that when non-controlling investors are not well-protected, parent companies have an opportunity to extract rents from non-controlling owners, leading to a positive valuation of NCIs’ equity. However, in countries where non-controlling investors are well-protected, parent companies are not able to extract rents but still must monitor and govern the related subsidiary; thus, NCIs become a net cost, and the relation inverts. JEL Classification: M41, M48
More Than a 2-Fold Risk of Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Compared With Ipsilateral Graft Failure 10 Years After Primary Reconstruction
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Macchiarola Luca , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Stefanelli Federico , Neri Mariapia , Silvestri Annamaria , Della Villa Francesco , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: January 2020

Background: Failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or an injury to the ACL in the contralateral knee represents a devastating event for patients, especially those young and physically active. However, controversies are still present regarding long-term failure rates and risk factors. Purpose: To assess the long-term rate of ipsilateral graft failure and contralateral ACL injuries after ACL reconstruction performed at a single center using the same surgical technique with a hamstring autograft and to investigate the effect of sex, age, and preinjury activity level as predictors of second ACL injuries. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 244 consecutive patients (mean age, 30.7 years) who underwent ACL reconstruction with a single bundle plus lateral plasty technique using the hamstring tendon between November 2007 and May 2009. The number of subsequent ACL injuries (ipsilateral ACL revision or contralateral ACL reconstruction) was determined at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Survivorship of either knee and subgroup analysis included sex, age, preoperative Tegner activity level, timing of ACL reconstruction, body mass index, and smoking status. Results: Ipsilateral ACL revision was performed in 8 (3.4%) patients and contralateral ACL reconstruction in 19 (7.8%) patients. Only 1 patient had both ipsilateral and contralateral injuries. No predictors were found for ipsilateral ACL revision, while age <18 years and preoperative Tegner level ≥7 had a higher risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction. The highest rate of a second ACL reconstruction procedure was in young (<18 years) and active (Tegner ≥7) patients, in whom the 10-year survival of either knee was 61.1%. Six years after primary ACL reconstruction, the rate of contralateral ACL reconstruction was significantly higher than that of ipsilateral ACL revision (hazard ratio, 2.4-3.6). Conclusion: In the long term, a second injury to either the ipsilateral or the contralateral knee in young and active populations could reach 40%, with a more than double-fold risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction compared with ipsilateral ACL revision.
Mandibular Osteomyelitis Caused by Coccidiodes Immitis
Authors: Lyon Kenneth F. , Bard Ross A. 
Published: January 2020

Mandibular osteomyelitis was diagnosed in an 18-month old male Labrador retriever with one-week history of pain when opening the mouth. The dog is responding to treatment after three months on oral ketoconazole. Serology tests were positive for Coccidiodes immitis. Radiographic diagnosis was monitored during therapy. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever) is caused by a saprophytic fungus, Coccidioides immitis. The term valley fever is used to describe cases of coccidioidomycosis and refers to the San Joaquin Valley in California, where many of the first human cases were described. Coccidioides immitis is a highly specialized saprophytic fungus that lives in the soils of semi-arid geographic areas in the western hemisphere. The specialized growth requirements are met in the area called the lower Sonoran life zone. The epizootiology has been described elsewhere.1,2
Dental disease of rabbits and rodents
Authors: Bohmer E. , Kostlin R. G. 
Published: January 2020

Eighty three cases of dental disease in rabbits and rodents were reviewed for diagnosis, therapy and findings. Malocclusion in the area of the incisors has a favorable prognosis in most cases as it is one of the few injurious conditions that can be treated on an unanesthetized animal. Shortening of the incisors following primary treatment is usually necessary at intervals of four to five weeks. Prognosis for dental problems of the premolar and molar teeth is less favorable. Secondary injuries of the tongue or buccal mucous membranes causing anorexia and severe metabolic disorders are not uncommon. In addition, the animal requires anesthetic for a corrective treatment, which in many cases has to be repeated every four to five months. Animals with occurrence of abscesses with maxillomandibular osteomyelitis are considered to have a poor prognosis due to the high rate of complications. Recurrent cases are generally considered hopeless and fatalities were common, according to this study.
Reliability of Speech Variables and Speech-Related Quality Indicators in the Swedish Cleft Lip and Palate Registry
Authors: Brunnegård Karin , Hagberg Emilie , Havstam Christina , Okhiria Åsa , Klintö Kristina 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To assess the reliability of speech variables and speech-related quality indicators in the Swedish quality registry for cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Primary care university hospitals. Participants: Fifty-two 5-year-old children with unilateral CLP and 41 with bilateral CLP. Main Outcome Measures: Registry data for “percent nonoral errors” and “perceived velopharyngeal competence” (VPC) were compared to reassessments by 4 independent judges based on audio recordings. Interjudge agreement for “percent consonants correct” (PCC) and the reliability of 3 quality indicators were also assessed. Agreement was calculated with single measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for articulation outcomes, quadratic weighted κ and ICC for VPC, and percentage agreement and κ for quality indicators. Results: When the agreement between registry data and the judges’ reassessments was assessed, the ICC was 0.79 for percent nonoral errors. For VPC, the κ coefficient was 0.66 to 0.75 and the ICC was 0.73. Interjudge agreement for PCC calculated with ICC was 0.85. For the quality indicator “proportion of children with ≥86% correct consonants,” all 4 judges were in agreement for 72% of the cases. For “proportion of children without nonoral speech errors” and “proportion of children with competent or marginally incompetent velopharyngeal function,” the agreement between registry data and the 4 judges was 89% and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that registry data on PCC, percent nonoral errors, VPC, and the quality indicators “proportion of children without nonoral speech errors” and “proportion of children with competent or marginally incompetent velopharyngeal function” are reliable.
Chilean Health Care Providers’ Perceived Comfort in Performing Oral Rapid Testing for HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Irarrázabal Lisette P. , Levy Judith A. , Cianelli Rosina , Norr Kathleen F. , Issel L. Michele , Pérez Carlos M. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To understand key factors influencing Chilean health care providers’ perceived comfort performing oral rapid HIV testing. Design: One hundred and fifty health care providers completed a self-administered questionnaire that included a five-item scale measuring self-perceived comfort in conducting HIV pretest counseling, oral rapid testing, finger-prick testing, and delivering test results. Results: Most participants (60%) envisioned good overall comfort performing oral rapid HIV testing (mean score of 16.21; range 0-20), including doing at least four of the five steps. They perceived least comfort delivering HIV-positive test results during posttest counseling. HIV stigmatizing attitudes reduced self-perceived comfort. Conclusions: Providing training to counter HIV stigmatization while increasing comfort in performing oral rapid testing would help facilitate its successful implementation.
Review of Quantitative Methods Used in Chinese Educational Research, 1978–2018
Authors: Yue Changjun , Xu Xiaowen 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: This article reviews the development of quantitative methods in educational research in China since 1978. Design/Approach/Methods: For this summary and literature review, we used data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), relevant books, and research output from the Graduate School of Education, Peking University. Findings: We divided the development of quantitative methods in Chinese educational research into four stages: the Startup Stage (1978–1988), the Gradual Application Stage (1989–1998), the Growth Spurt Stage (1999–2008), and the Integrated and Diverse Development Stage (2009–2018). Overall, the development of quantitative methods in Chinese educational research shows sustained innovation in numerous aspects, including research methods, data sources, utilization of advancements in computing technology and statistical software, and research topics. However, despite the relatively advanced state of quantitative methods, education measurement and evaluation require further attention. The questionnaire and experimental research data currently available indicate the need to improve the mining and utilization of big data. Moreover, while Chinese educational researchers have demonstrated their proficiency in using quantitative research methods, improvements remain to be made with respect to collaboration and sharing. Originality/Value: This article is the first to analyze systemically the development of quantitative methods in Chinese educational research. It provides an original summary of the development and characteristics of quantitative methods in educational research in China.
Chinese Educational Policy Research: The Arduous Formation of a Research Paradigm
Authors: Lin Xiaoying 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Through combing the 40 years’ history of the development of Chinese educational policy research, this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy in China. Design/Approach/Methods: As one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of Chinese education policy, based on the academic publications, symposia, and thematic research, the author has found efforts in four directions in the field: proposals for policy-oriented research and research-oriented policy, disciplinization-based endeavors, empirical research on theory-guided educational policy, and guidance on major educational policy research topics and a think tank for educational policy decisions. Findings: This article argues that there is now a correspondence among the ideas, themes, forms, and frameworks of the educational reform promulgated by the government in recent years that have appeared in educational policy research, but there is no clear demarcation of what makes an educational policy researcher; no stable academic community has been formed that might strive together toward the foundation of a disciplinary paradigm, the rational organization of academic ideas, and the establishment and handing over of a theoretical framework to a succeeding generation. Originality/Value: This article takes a step back to claim that a paradigm for Chinese educational policy research is still nascent in the arduous process of formulation.
Building a Sustainable Future Through International ECE Partnership Programmes
Authors: Birkeland Åsta , Li Minyi 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Taking a particular example of an international partnership programme, this article aims to discuss kindergartens’ participation in international partnership programmes as compelling vehicles for promoting early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS). The partnership programme included Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University, and kindergartens in Norway and China. Researchers, postgraduate students, kindergarten principals, and teachers participated in the programme, their key concern being to promote competencies for sustainability and agents for change. Design/Approach/Methods: The article is based upon research with a phenomenological approach to Chinese and Norwegian kindergarten teachers’ and principals’ experiences of participating in an international partnership programme. The data for this article consisted of reflective notes from the teachers and principals and recordings of teachers’ and principals’ reflections in a joint seminar in the kindergarten network. Findings: This article argues that ethical normative, dialogical, and anticipatory approaches are pivotal within international ECEfS partnership programmes. Originality/Value: The article has the potential to address international partnership programmes, involving different stakeholders, as vital in promoting ECEfS. It also urges international partnership programmes to promote glocality in ECEfS (i.e., local situatedness with global awareness).
Local Weather Events: Stories of Pedagogical Practice as Possible Cultures of Exploration
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Marandon André Steenbuch 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: This article aims to describe and discuss what local weather landscapes mean to children and how weather implies exploring bodily sensations and capabilities. It does so by following the work of a community artist, working as a kindergarten teacher, over 1 year. Design/Approach/Methods: Through a narrative inquiry approach, which also includes studies of archival data and field notes, we analyze how local and personally experienced weather events imply what we call “cultures of exploration” in institutional practices. The epistemologies cross the specter of cultural–historical, pragmatic, and deep ecological philosophy. Findings: Through this study, we exemplify how experiencing weather is intertwined into pedagogical practices like habituating the body to cope with cold and wet weather, learning about danger in a wild natural landscape, and valuing species as a powerful practice. The descriptions exemplify “cultures of exploration” as a pedagogical approach. Originality/Value: In this time of an increasing climate crisis on our planet, the value of our findings is to foreground new insights, awareness, and knowledge relevant to children; to early-childhood education; and to life and societies at large. We can thus develop methods to better care for, protect, and educate children. This article has the potential to show how weather events are intertwined with everyday institutional practices—as well as how children, through exploration, learn to cope with seasonal weather landscapes and local cultural adaptations.
Exploring Education for Sustainable Development in a Chinese Kindergarten: An Action Research
Authors: Wang Guangheng , Zhou Xin , Cui Hua 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: This article was intended to share and reflect on experiences concerning the education for sustainable development (ESD) project at Hongqiao Kindergarten in Shanghai. The project aimed to explore how ESD could be implemented in a current curriculum and to provide useful examples of educational activities and experiences. Design/Approach/Methods: The action research included two cycles with four steps. The first cycle involved the integration of ESD into a traditional science curriculum. The second cycle involved the validation and optimization of the ESD objectives. The implementation strategies were reviewed and refined. Findings: First, a variety of strategies can be used to identify the theme and choose the content. Second, the objectives should be developed on children’s life experiences and interests. Third, the idea of ESD can be implemented in multiple ways. Fourth, a reasonable objective system involving ESD was constructed for children by ages. Fifth, there were many effective ways to integrate ESD activities into other domains of curriculum. The challenges and implications were also discussed. Originality/Value: The study had a positive effect on teachers’ ability to practice ESD. This was a pioneer project in early childhood education in China, which provided valuable information for those aiming to implement ESD practices in Chinese kindergartens.