bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of two new complete genomes of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 from Thailand
Authors: Chanmanee Tipsuda , Ajawatanawong Pravech , Louisirirotchanakul Suda , Chotiyaputta Watcharasak , Chainuvati Siwaporn , Wongprompitak Patimaporn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis globally. Evolutionary phylogeny classifies the HEV into eight genotypes that correlate with the viral transmission. Only four genotypes have been proven to be responsible for transmission in humans. However, there has been no report on the genomics and genotyping of HEV in Thailand during the past ten years. Here, we identified the genotype distributions of the Thai isolates of HEV and we sequenced two HEV genomes. We screened for 18 Thai isolates of HEV from Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, from 2014–2016. The HEV genomes were sequenced from the serum and feces of a patient. The results showed that all Thai isolates of HEV were identified as genotype 3 (HEV-3). The ORF2 and genome phylogenies suggested two subgenotypes, called 3.1 and 3.2. The Thai isolates of HEV were frequently found in the subgenotype 3.1. The genome sequences of the two Thai isolates of HEV from the serum and fecal samples of the same patient showed 91% nucleotide similarity with the HEV genotype 3. Comparisons between the HEV genome and the ORF2 phylogenies illustrated that the ORF2 tree can be used to identify HEV genotypes, but it has less phylogenetic power for the HEV evolution. The two new genome sequences of HEV-3 from Thailand could contribute valuable information to the HEV genome study. (226 words)
Empirical seismic fragility models for Nepalese school buildings
Authors: Giordano Nicola , De Luca Flavia , Sextos Anastasios , Ramirez Cortes Fernando , Fonseca Ferreira Carina , Wu Jingzhe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmpirical vulnerability models are fundamental tools to assess the impact of future earthquakes on urban settlements and communities. Generally, they consist of sets of fragility curves that are derived from georeferenced post-earthquake damage data. Following the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence, the World Bank, through the Global Program for Safer Schools, conducted a Structural Integrity and Damage Assessment (SIDA) of about 18,000 school buildings in the earthquake-affected area. In this work, the database is utilized to identify the main structural characteristics of the Nepalese school building stock. For the first time, extended SIDA school damage data is processed to derive fragility curves for the main structural typologies. Data sets for each structural typology are used for a Bayesian updating of existing fragilities to obtain regional models for Nepalese schools. These fragility estimates can be adopted to assess potential seismic losses of the school infrastructure in Nepal. Additionally, they can be used for calibrating loss assessment studies in the wider Himalayan region where the structural typologies are similar.
Continued post-retraction citation of a fraudulent clinical trial report, 11 years after it was retracted for falsifying data
Authors: Schneider Jodi , Ye Di , Hill Alison M. , Whitehorn Ashley S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of long-term post-retraction citation to falsified clinical trial data (Matsuyama et al. in Chest 128(6):3817–3827, 2005. 10.1378/chest.128.6.3817), demonstrating problems with how the current digital library environment communicates retraction status. Eleven years after its retraction, the paper continues to be cited positively and uncritically to support a medical nutrition intervention, without mention of its 2008 retraction for falsifying data. To date no high quality clinical trials reporting on the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing inflammatory markers have been published. Our paper uses network analysis, citation context analysis, and retraction status visibility analysis to illustrate the potential for extended propagation of misinformation over a citation network, updating and extending a case study of the first 6 years of post-retraction citation (Fulton et al. in Publications 3(1):7–26, 2015. 10.3390/publications3010017). The current study covers 148 direct citations from 2006 through 2019 and their 2542 second-generation citations and assesses retraction status visibility of the case study paper and its retraction notice on 12 digital platforms as of 2020. The retraction is not mentioned in 96% (107/112) of direct post-retraction citations for which we were able to conduct citation context analysis. Over 41% (44/107) of direct post-retraction citations that do not mention the retraction describe the case study paper in detail, giving a risk of diffusing misinformation from the case paper. We analyze 152 second-generation citations to the most recent 35 direct citations (2010–2019) that do not mention the retraction but do mention methods or results of the case paper, finding 23 possible diffusions of misinformation from these non-direct citations to the case paper. Link resolving errors from databases show a significant challenge in a reader reaching the retraction notice via a database search. Only 1/8 databases (and 1/9 database records) consistently resolved the retraction notice to its full-text correctly in our tests. Although limited to evaluation of a single case (N = 1), this work demonstrates how retracted research can continue to spread and how the current information environment contributes to this problem.
Optimisation of the co-combustion of meat–bone meal and sewage sludge in terms of the quality produced ashes used as substitute of phosphorites
Authors: Kowalski Zygmunt , Banach Marcin , Makara Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo obtain a high-quality phosphorus raw material comparable in quality to the best phosphorites used in the fertiliser industry, an analysis was carried out to determine the optimal mass proportions of a meat–bone meal and sewage sludge mixture to be used in a co-combustion process. The ashes obtained contained hydroxyapatite that could be considered a high-quality substitute for phosphorites, with an average P2O5 content of 33.5%. These ashes do not contain fluorine compounds, cadmium content is at trace levels and they do not contain the radioactive compounds that are present in trace amounts in all phosphates. The developed process is an example of a production complex using cleaner technologies and circular economy principles on a microeconomic scale.
Ecotoxicological testing of sediments and dredged material: an overlooked opportunity?
Authors: Heise Susanne , Babut Marc , Casado Carmen , Feiler Ute , Ferrari Benoit J. D. , Marziali Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Basing decisions for the management of contaminated sediments on ecotoxicological data is still often met with skepticism by European stakeholders. These concerns are discussed as they pertain to bioassays to show how ecotoxicological data may provide added value for the sustainable management of sediment in aquatic systems.

Materials and methods
Five “concerns” are selected that are often raised by stakeholders. The ecotoxicological practice is discussed in light of the knowledge gained in recent decades and compared with chemical sediment analysis and chemical data.

Results and discussion
Common assumptions such as a higher uncertainty of biotest results for sediments compared to chemical analyses are not supported by interlaboratory comparisons. Some confusion also arises, because the meaning of biotest data is often misunderstood, questioning their significance in light of a limited number of organisms and altered test conditions in the lab. Because biotest results describe a sediment property, they should not be directly equated with an impact upon the biological community. To identify a hazard, however, the possibility of false-negative results due to the presence of contaminants that are not analyzed but are toxic is lower.

Conclusions
The cost of increased investment in ecotoxicological tests is, in our view, small compared with that of making false-negative assessments of sediment/dredged material that can ultimately have long-term environmental costs. As such, we conclude that ecotoxicological testing is an opportunity for sediment management decision-making that warrants more attention and confidence in Europe.
Die erstaunliche Vielseitigkeit der Argonauten-Crew
Authors: Willkomm Sarah , Moissl Benedikt , Michel Henri , Grohmann Dina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCellular nucleic acid levels are specifically regulated by Argonaute (Ago) proteins. Eukaryotic (e)Ago participates mainly in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. In contrast, prokaryotic (p)Ago proteins are involved in defense processes. Our work adds to the understanding of pAgo function and elucidates dynamic aspects of Ago-mediated substrate binding thereby highlighting mechanistic differences between eAgo and pAgo proteins.
Age-dependency in mortality of family caregivers: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Mikkola Tuija M. , Kautiainen Hannu , Mänty Minna , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Kröger Teppo , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence on family caregivers' health is conflicting.

Aim
To investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Finnish family caregivers providing high-intensity care and to assess whether age modifies the association between family caregiver status and mortality using data from multiple national registers.

Methods
The data include all individuals, who received family caregiver's allowance in Finland in 2012 (n = 42,256, mean age 67 years, 71% women) and a control population matched for age, sex, and municipality of residence (n = 83,618). Information on dates and causes of death between 2012 and 2017 were obtained from the Finnish Causes of Death Register.

Results
Family caregivers had lower all-cause mortality than the controls over the follow-up (8.1 vs. 11.6%) both among women (socioeconomic status adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.64, 95% CI 0.61–0.68) and men (adjusted HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.70–0.77). When modelling all-cause mortality as a function of age, younger caregivers had only slightly lower or equal mortality to their controls, but older caregivers had markedly lower mortality than their controls, up to more than 10% lower. Caregivers had a lower mortality rate for all the causes of death studied, namely cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, external, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dementia. The lowest risk was for dementia (subhazard ratio = 0.29, 95% CI 0.25–0.34).

Conclusions
Older family caregivers had lower mortality than the age-matched general population while mortality did not differ according to caregiver status in young adulthood. This age-dependent advantage in mortality is likely to reflect the selection of healthier individuals into the family caregiver role.
Practical Moving Target Detection in Maritime Environments Using Fuzzy Multi-sensor Data Fusion
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Liu Yuanchang , Gunawan Bryan Adam , Bucknall Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs autonomous ships become the future trend for maritime transportation, it is of importance to develop intelligent autonomous navigation systems to ensure the navigation safety of ships. Among the three core components (sensing, planning and control modules) of the system, an accurate detection of target ships’ navigation information is critical. Within a typical maritime environment, the existence of sensor noises as well as the influences generated by varying environment conditions largely limit the reliability of using a single sensor for environment awareness. It is therefore vital to use multiple sensors together with a multi-sensor data fusion technology to improve the detection performance. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based multi-sensor data fusion algorithm for moving target ships detection has been proposed and designed using both AIS and radar information. A two-stage fuzzy logic association method has been particularly developed and integrated with Kalman filtering to achieve a computationally efficient performance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested and validated in simulations where multiple target ships are transiting with complex movements.
How do moral theories stand to each other?
Authors: Guinebert Svantje 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMoral theories, such as the variations on virtue ethics, deontological ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism, are expected – inter alia – to explain the basic orientation of morality, give us principles and directives, justify those, and thereby (if all goes well) guide our actions. I examine some functions and characteristics of the extant moral theories from a moral metatheoretical point of view, in order to clarify the generally assumed rivalry between them. By thinking of moral theories in analogy to languages it is argued that different moral theories are neither simply competing nor simply complementary; their respective orientations justify using them, in virtue of the problems they help to solve. But even if considerations about the functionality of a theory and the context in which it is created play an important role, they can neither be sufficient to determine these theories’ relations to one other nor for choosing between them. The challenge is to set criteria for the quality of a moral theory on a moral metatheoretical level and, in particular, to make room for future views on morality.
Prevalence of Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder in 2 North American Samples
Authors: Jackowich Robyn.A. , Pukall Caroline.F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a highly distressing, understudied condition characterized by persistent genital arousal (eg, genital sensations, sensitivity) in the absence of sexual desire. Currently, there is limited information about the prevalence of PGAD based on its proposed diagnostic criteria (“PGAD criteria”).

Aim
This study sought to assess the prevalence of PGAD criteria in 2 North American samples: a large, non-clinical sample of Canadian undergraduate students (Study 1), and a nationally representative sample from the U.S. (Study 2).

Methods
The incoming class of undergraduate students (N = 1,634) enrolled in the Introduction to Psychology course at a Canadian university and a nationally representative sample of U.S. participants (N = 1,026) responded to questions about each PGAD criterion, and distress associated with these experiences.

Outcomes
5 self-report questions were developed based on each of the Leiblum and Nathan 2001 PGAD criteria, and a measure of associated distress was included. The U.S. sample (Study 2) also responded to questions about medical comorbidities and their knowledge of the term “PGAD.”

Results
1.1% (n = 4; Study 1) to 4.3% (n = 22; Study 2) of men and 0.6% (n = 7; Study 1) to 2.7% (n = 14; Study 2) of women reported experiencing all 5 PGAD criteria at a moderate to high frequency. Even greater proportions of participants reported experiencing all 5 criteria at any frequency (6.8–18.8%). Although ratings of associated distress varied, participants who were distressed by these symptoms most frequently endorsed the first PGAD criterion: physiological genital arousal in the absence of sexual excitement or desire. These results are similar to previously reported rates of PGAD.

Clinical Implications
A non-trivial number of individuals may experience PGAD, and it should be screened for by healthcare practitioners.

Strengths & Limitations
This study is the first to use 2 large, non-clinical samples to assess the prevalence of PGAD symptoms. However, barriers to reporting symptoms, such as shame or embarrassment, may have resulted in underestimates of prevalence in the present sample.

Conclusion
The prevalence of the 5 PGAD criteria in 2 large non-clinical samples ranged from similar to higher than rates reported in previous research. However, distress ratings associated with each of the 5 criteria varied, with most respondents describing them primarily as neutral or non-distressing.
The Political Consequences of Indigenous Resentment
Authors: Beauvais Edana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the legacy of settler colonialism requires understanding the nature and scope of anti-Indigenous attitudes. But what, exactly, are the political consequences of anti-Indigenous attitudes? Answering this question requires recognizing that attitudes toward Indigenous peoples are distinct from White racial attitudes toward other disempowered groups. In this paper, I introduce a novel measure of Indigenous resentment. I then show that Indigenous resentment is an important predictor of policy attitudes using data collected from an original survey of White settlers. I estimate the effect of both Indigenous resentment and negative affect on policy attitudes—opposition to welfare and support for pipeline developments—to make the case that Indigenous resentment is a better measure of anti-Indigenous attitudes than affective prejudice, and that Indigenous resentment is an important omitted variable in the study of public opinion in settler societies.
Risk factors for an infection with Coxiella burnetii in German sheep flocks
Authors: Wolf A. , Prüfer T. L. , Schoneberg C. , Campe A. , Runge M. , Ganter M. , Bauer B. U. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Germany, sheep are the main source of human Q fever epidemics, but data on Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) infections and related risk factors in the German sheep population remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, a standardised interview was conducted across 71 exclusively sheep as well as mixed (sheep and goat) farms to identify animal and herd level risk factors associated with the detection of C. burnetii antibodies or pathogen-specific gene fragments via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Serum samples and genital swabs from adult males and females of 3367 small ruminants from 71 farms were collected and analysed using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. On animal level, univariable analysis identified young animals (<2 years of age; odds ratio (OR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.83) to reduce the risk for seropositivity significantly (p < 0.05). The final multivariable logistic models identified lambing all year-round (OR 3.46/3.65; 95% CI 0.80–15.06/0.41–32.06) and purchases of sheep and goats (OR 13.61/22.99; 95% CI 2.86–64.64/2.21–239.42) as risk factors on herd level for C. burnetii infection detected via ELISA and qPCR, respectively.
Workplace programmes for supporting breast-feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Xueying , Patterson Peta , MacKenzie-Shalders Kristen , van Herwerden Louise A , Bishop Jo , Rathbone Evelyne , Honeyman David , Reidlinger Dianne P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To critically review the literature regarding workplace breast-feeding interventions and to assess their impact on breast-feeding indicators.Design:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Electronic searches for workplace intervention studies to support breast-feeding, without restriction on language or study design, were performed in PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Business Source Complete, ProQuest-Sociology and ProQuest-Social Science to 13 April 2020. A meta-analysis of the pooled effect of the programmes on breast-feeding indicators was conducted.Results:The search identified 10 215 articles; fourteen studies across eighteen publications met eligibility criteria. Programmes were delivered in the USA (n 10), Turkey (n 2), Thailand (n 1) or Taiwan (n 1). There were no randomised controlled trials. The pooled OR for exclusive breast-feeding at 3 or 6 months for participants v. non-participants of three non-randomised controlled studies was 3·21 (95 % CI 1·70, 6·06, I2 = 22 %). Despite high heterogeneity, other pooled outcomes were consistently in a positive direction with acceptable CI. Pooled mean duration of breast-feeding for five single-arm studies was 9·16 months (95 % CI 8·25, 10·07). Pooled proportion of breast-feeding at 6 months for six single-arm studies was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·84) and breast-feeding at 12 months for three single-arm studies was 0·41 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·62). Most programmes were targeted at mothers; two were targeted at expectant fathers.Conclusions:Workplace programmes may be effective in promoting breast-feeding among employed mothers and partners of employed fathers. However, no randomised controlled trials were identified, and better-quality research on workplace interventions to improve breast-feeding is needed.
Employing higher order modes in a broadband SIW sensor for permittivity measurement of medium loss materials
Authors: Kazemi Kianoosh , Moradi Gholamreza , Ghorbani Ayaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel SIW microwave sensor is designed to accurately determine the broadband complex permittivity of medium loss and dispersive liquids using a number of higher order modes in 11–20 GHz. To achieve a higher accuracy in characterization, the sensor is equipped with some methods such as Photonic Band Gap method, slow-wave via, and a new feedline, which enhances the quality factor for the higher order TE1,0,n modes. The operating principle of this sensor is based on the cavity perturbation technique, in which the resonant properties of the cavity are utilized to extract the dielectric properties of liquid under test. To provide a method to decrease the LUT consumption, a winding microfluidic channel is designed and embedded in the cavity. The channel increases the interaction between the induced electric field and the LUT. The accuracy of different perturbation technique for determination of permittivity is compared with each other.
Accessibility Data Set for Large Permanent Cold Traps at the Lunar Poles
Authors: Cannon Kevin M. , Britt Daniel T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany large cold traps exist at both lunar poles where temperatures never exceed 110 K annually, allowing the preservation of water ice. Much has been learned about these regions from orbital measurements, but in situ access is needed to truly understand the abundance, distribution, texture, and chemistry of volatiles that might be present in the regolith. We systematically studied the accessibility of the larger cold traps to wheeled vehicles from nearby staging areas. We calculated minimum energy routes for 20 north pole cold traps and 39 south pole cold traps >50 km2 in area. At each, accessibility metrics were determined for paths into and out of the cold trap and for round trip paths that return to the same location. We found that 55 of the 59 cold traps are readily accessible without exceeding 25° slopes. Smaller cold traps are generally more accessible than larger ones, with certain exceptions. The accessibility data set is presented graphically, in tabular form, and as ArcGIS shapefiles, all of which can be used to inform site selection and mission planning for future scientific and resource‐focused activities.