bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural Inventions
Authors: Farmer Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In post–World War II France, commitment to cutting-edge technological modernization and explosive economic growth uprooted rural populations and eroded the village traditions of a largely peasant nation. And yet, this book argues, rural France did not vanish in the sweeping transformations of the 1950s and 1960s. The attachment of the French to rural ways and the agricultural past became a widely shared preoccupation in the 1970s; this, in turn, became an engine of change in its own right. Though the French countryside is often imagined as stable and enduring, this book presents it as a site not just of decline and loss, but also of change and adaptation. Rural Inventions explores the rise of restored peasant houses as second residences; utopian experiments in rural communes and in going back to the land; environmentalism; the literary success of peasant autobiographies; photography; and other representations through which the French revalorized rural life and landscapes. The peasantry as a social class may have died out, but the countryside persisted, valued as a site not only for agriculture but increasingly for sport and leisure, tourism, and social and political engagement; a place to dwell part-time as well as full-time; and a natural environment worth protecting. The postwar French state and the nation’s rural and urban inhabitants remade the French countryside in relation to the city and to the world at large, invoking not only traditional France but also creating a vibrant and evolving part of the France yet to come.
Back to the Land
Authors: Farmer Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the wake of May 1968, thousands of young people, mostly from urban areas, turned to regions blighted by the rural exodus in order to implement revolutionary change in their own lives. They planned to survive by undertaking subsistence farming of the kind that had sustained peasants in the past. Their utopian aim was to build a self-sufficient existence for the future, outside and beyond bourgeois conventions, capitalist society, and the state. This wave of urban migration to the countryside came to be commonly referred to as le retour à la terre (“the return to the land”). The first wave of countercultural youth created rural communes, most of which did not last more than a few years. Some stayed on to farm and were joined by others who shared their aim of making a living in agriculture. Former commune members and other newcomers who settled for the long term became known as néo-ruraux.
Introduction
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The introduction sets the framework for exploring why the South has been so central to the history of the United States, and why it continues to be critical to understanding virtually everything about the country today, from its culture to its politics. It also suggests, in light of some paradigmatic facts about Alabama during the 1930s and 1940s, that possibilities for transforming the South and the rest of the country existed to a strong degree during that period.
Class Struggle in Steel
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the successful organization of the steel industry by the CIO, showing how John L. Lewis and Philip Murray utilized the talents and connections of Communists, who were well rooted in steel mills and communities, as well as in civil rights, ethnic, and immigrant organizations. The chapter argues for the special militancy of steelworkers, contrary to what is described in much of the extant literature, looking at the special difficulties that steelworkers faced in the “takeoff” of their struggles. The chapter shows how a movement with much democratic and racial egalitarian promise ended up as a racially backward, undemocratic organization.
Textile—Where the Fabric Meets the Road
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 looks at the textile industry, the largest industry in the United States during the 1930s to 1950s, which failed to be organized in the South. The chapter takes aim at the highly popular cultural analysis that argues for the impact of southern culture as the reason for this failure. It emphasizes the economics of the industry, the historic militancy of southern textile workers, like that of their counterparts the world over, and the similarities of their struggles to those of other textile workers throughout the world with decidedly different cultures. For many analysts of U.S. labor, the question of why unions have been less successful in the South than in other regions revolves almost completely around the textile industry.
Conclusion
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The conclusion looks at the implications of the failure to organize southern workers for the United States today and asks how successful southern organizing might have led to different outcomes. Foremost is the possibility that the civil rights movement of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s would have been much more powerful if more white working-class support had been enlisted. This possibility, which the book asserts was real, had the potential to make the contemporary social and political landscape of the United States vastly different.
Introduction
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the subject of the book and summarizes its basic argument and structure. It explains that the United States of America has been the world’s leading state for the past seven decades, but that great power rivalry has returned in recent years with Russia and China becoming more assertive on the international stage. Indeed, many believe the days of U.S. global leadership are coming to an end in the face of challenges from its leading autocratic rivals. In contrast, this chapter argues that democracies have systematic advantages in international politics and that there is good reason to believe that the American era of international preeminence will endure.
The Roman Republic, Carthage, and Macedon
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers Rome’s rise from a small kingdom on the Tiber River in Central Italy to dominating the entire Mediterranean and becoming one of the most powerful geopolitical forces in world history. Following scholars as diverse as Polybius, Machiavelli, and Montesquieu, it argues that the institutions of the Roman Republic were the key to its success. After its transition to republican governance in 509 bc, Rome succeeded in defeating neighboring tribes to control the entire Italian Peninsula and setting it up for rivalry with the other great republican powerhouse of the western Mediterranean: Carthage. Rome destroyed Carthage in a series of three Punic Wars. Finally, it dispensed with several autocratic kingdoms of the Hellenic world in the eastern Mediterranean, including Macedon. In just a few short centuries, Rome found itself transformed from a small city-state into a global superpower standing astride the entire civilized world.
Great Britain and France
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines Great Britain’s rise to global ascendancy and its world-spanning rivalry with France. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Britain adopted a more democratic form of government and this contributed to economic growth, including the industrial revolution, and diplomatic and military success. Its path to the top was not easy, however, as Britain confronted the challenge from autocratic France on the European continent. It fought major wars against Louis XIV and Napoleon, but emerged victorious in the end, setting the stage for Britain’s global empire and the Pax Britannica of the 19th century.
The United States and the Soviet Union
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Otto von Bismarck famously said that “God has special providence for fools, drunks, and the United States of America.” Divine providence may not have hurt, but it was America’s domestic political institutions that transformed a smattering of British colonies in North America into, first, an independent nation and, then, a global superpower with a network of allies and partners spanning six continents. The United States faced off against the Soviet Union for a half century during the Cold War. But Washington possessed the better institutions, and the stress of the competition caused Moscow’s political system to collapse altogether. In the post–Cold War period that followed, Washington deepened and expanded the Pax Americana, and spread unprecedented levels of global peace, prosperity, and freedom. For the first time since Ancient Rome, a single superpower so overawed any potential competitors that great power rivalry itself came to a temporary halt.
The United States of America
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the future of American global leadership through the lens of its domestic political institutions. It finds that the United States faces growing troubles at home. At the same time, its vibrant economy, strong alliances relationships, and its unmatched military, all reflections of the U.S. domestic political system, will continue to provide a significant source of strategic advantage for the United States over its autocratic competitors in the years to come. The international security environment is becoming more competitive, and the United States does not exercise the unchallenged primacy it enjoyed in the 1990s. We have returned to an era of great power rivalry. But, there is no doubt that the United States remains the world’s leading power.
Implications for American Leadership
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews the central arguments of the book and its findings about a democratic advantage in international politics. It then discusses the implications for international relations theory and for U.S. foreign policy. This book advances international relations theory by providing a novel theoretical explanation that traces the origins of power in world politics to domestic political institutions. It makes a “hard power” case for democracy. The chapter then lays out a competitive strategy for the United States in this new era of great power rivalry. It urges the United States to strengthen its democratic form of governance domestically. Washington should also ensure it maintains an innovative economy, a robust financial sector, strong alliances, and a favorable military balance of power in Europe and Asia. Internationally, the chapter urges the United States to revitalize, adapt, and defend the rules-based international system. The chapter concludes with a challenge to Russia and China. If these countries wish to be true leading global powers, then they must adopt democratic forms of government.
Inhaling Spirit
Authors: Foxen Anya P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This book follows up on recent findings that modern postural yoga is the outcome of a complex process of transcultural exchange and syncretism and digs even deeper, looking to uncover the disparate but entangled roots of contemporary yoga practice. In doing so, it proposes that some of what we call yoga, especially when it comes to North America and Europe, is only slightly genealogically related to premodern Indian yoga traditions. Rather, they are equally if not more grounded in Hellenistic theories of the subtle body, Western esotericism and magic, premodern European medicine, and late nineteenth-century women’s wellness programs. Marshalling these under the umbrella category of “harmonialism,” the book argues that they constitute a history of analogous practices that were gradually subsumed into the language of yoga. This allows us to fundamentally recontextualize the peculiarities of Western and especially certain mainstream American forms of yoga—their focus on aesthetic representation, their privileging of bodily posture and unsystematic incorporation of breathwork, and above all their overwhelmingly privileged female demographics. The initial chapters lay out the basic shape and history of these concepts and practices, and the later chapters explore their development into a spiritualized form of women’s physical culture over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including the ways in which they became increasingly associated with yoga.
Hot Souls, Pneumatic Bodies, and Interplanetary Journeys
Authors: Foxen Anya P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 establishes the origins of harmonial ideas in antiquity, focusing primarily on the Greek and later more broadly Hellenic world, and especially on thought of the Pythagorean, Platonic, Aritotelian, and Stoic traditions, ranging approximately from 500 bce to 500 ce. It starts by exploring the evolution of cosmological ideas of harmony (harmonia) and sympathy (sympatheia) on the one hand, and spirit (pneuma) and its relationship to notions of the soul (psyche) on the other. It then proceeds to focus on the idea of a subtle body and the two spheres in which its utility has been explored: religious soteriology (or theurgy) and medical theory and practice.
Hackathons and the Spirit of the New Capitalism
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter dives deeply into the subculture of hackathons as a paradigmatic event of the new economy. Using ethnographic observations and interviews with participants at seven public hackathons sponsored by companies in New York, the account shows how the weekend-long competition to write computer code socializes highly skilled, young tech workers to produce “innovation” on demand. Corporate sponsors appeal to participants’ love of coding and “building things” as well as their desire to build their résumés, promising jobs, networking, and glory to winners who can produce marketable products and ideas. Participants willingly engage in both self-exploitation and self-promotion, aware that corporate sponsors have the upper hand but enjoying the sense of play, mutual learning, and collaboration-with-competition that hackathons foster. The combination of self-exploitation and self-promotion, amid both emotional and rational appeals, represents the culture of the new economy and sets a new, permeable boundary between personal life, workspace, and worktime.
The VC Office and the Concentration of Capital
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Profiling New York–based venture capitalists and VC firms that have been established in the city since the early 2000s, the chapter examines their risky but privileged perch between Wall Street and Silicon Valley. Interviews with VCs are juxtaposed with the post–World War II history of venture capital as a distinctive form of investment and management. The VCs’ equally distinctive commitment to New York is then contrasted with the increasing geographical dispersal of their investment funds to other regions of the world. Meanwhile, the integration of some corporate and VC members of the tech “community” into New York’s business establishment suggests the formation of a local tech-financial elite, updating C. Wright Mills’s critique of the institutional bases of power.
Pipelines
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The innovation complex depends on parallel “pipelines” to train and recruit highly skilled tech “talent” for jobs in digital industries and other organizations that use digital technology. The most elite pipelines are Ivy League and expensive, private universities—Cornell Tech, Columbia, and NYU—which offer bachelor’s and master’s degrees in information sciences and merge engineering and business skills. Less prestigious and initially less connected to the tech ecosystem is the city’s public university, CUNY, which offers degrees in computer sciences and new tech training programs begun by Mayor Bill de Blasio’s administration. A third, alternative pipeline has been established by privately owned, for-profit bootcamps that offer intensive, in-person, and online courses, including both tuition-paying students and those whose fees are subsidized by the New York City Economic Development Corporation. The chapter uses interviews and institutional narratives to document the development of these pipelines.
Locke’s Experiential Persons
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe second chapter examines Locke’s account of self-formation as it is presented in Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693). It will be argued that, for Locke, the evaluative perspective that arises when confronted with other people’s expressions of praise and blame crucially underpins the human capacity to think of themselves as persons. The second half of this chapter applies the results of this discussion to Locke’s account of personhood, as developed in the second edition of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1694). The aim of this is to demonstrate that even here it holds that the contents of what figures in our self-conception as persons are determined by the actions we perform in the publicly accessible domain.
Moral Reflection as Perception
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter argues that Hume’s account of moral reflection enables us to understand that, for him, even sophisticated cognitive capacities arise and evolve as a result of complex experiential patterns. The experiential patterns that matter to Hume’s discussion on moral reflection are established through the mind’s sympathetic connectedness with other persons’ feelings and thoughts, as well as through the capacity to sympathetically connect with historically and culturally diverse settings. The analysis of these complex sympathetic dynamics will demonstrate that, for Hume, the artifices of human life “naturally” impact on our moral development, so that the traditional contrast between nature and artifice, which shapes much of the debate of eighteenth-century sentimentalism, needs to be rethought.
Diversifying Method
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy investigating Kant’s anthropology, this chapter presents him as a thinker who was firmly committed to a conception of the human being as shaped by its situatedness in the empirical world of history and culture. However, due to Kant’s own methodological constraints, he could recognize this situatedness only if approached through a deterministic framework that traces the causes and effects of the laws of nature. Human freedom here becomes almost unrecognizable, which makes it necessary for us to acknowledge the systematic nature of Kant’s general “scientific” enterprise. This enterprise employs different methodological strategies and disciplines that all in their own way clarify what it means to be human: a creature that is able to know and understand, but also able to act freely. Kant’s anthropology appeals to us in our capacity to act, thereby performing a function his theoretical sciences fail to cover.
The Evolution of Autonomy
Authors: Swaine Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the origins of autonomy and outlines the development of autonomy as a value in democratic societies. It is commonly believed that the idea of autonomy was originally restricted to the discourse of interstate relations in ancient Greece. However, early understandings of autonomia were applied to a wide variety of entities, including those of a nonpolitical nature. Individual-level discussion of autonomy emerged prior to the work of Immanuel Kant, furthermore, foreshadowing contemporary theories of personal autonomy and casting new light on the proliferation of autonomy in democracy. Autonomy has burgeoned into a widely endorsed value in free societies, and pejorative connotations of individual autonomy have vanished.
Critique of Personal Autonomy
Authors: Swaine Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed critique of personal autonomy. It distinguishes several hazards affecting agents who are personally autonomous, moving beyond received understandings and critiques. The chapter explains how personal autonomy offers normatively inadequate boundaries with respect to deliberation, volition, capabilities, and the generation of options, respectively. Included in this chapter is discussion of extreme actions, and of evil, to serve to establish the central points of argumentation. The critique presented here is robust even granting that theories of personal autonomy do not countenance immoral action, much less egregious law-breaking or terrible rights violations, on the part of personally autonomous agents.
Ethical Autonomy
Authors: Swaine Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter expounds the idea of ethical autonomy. Ethical autonomy is personal autonomy modulated by moral character. It is different in kind from personal autonomy. Fusing personal autonomy with moral character alters the autonomous individual’s utilization of her rational and imaginative faculties, her will, her capabilities, and her options. Ethical autonomy is supportive of various kinds of social, political, and religious forms of difference. It is not a comprehensive doctrine. It is suitable for inclusion in educational spheres and it supports citizenship in free societies. Ethical autonomy strengthens reasonable pluralism and the cardinal principles of a liberalism of conscience. It holds special promise for liberalism and democratic life.
Science, Scientism, and Evolution
Authors: Peterson Michael L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses some themes to which Lewis returned often because they reflect philosophical errors that are still influential in culture—science and scientism, evolution and evolutionism. Under the facade of science, even the science of evolution, philosophical naturalism, materialism, and reductionism serve as the paragons of knowledge and often guide social policy. Thus, “scientism” and “evolutionism” are labels for the combination of naturalism and science in general and evolutionary science in particular. Lewis defines science as seeking natural causes for natural effects, which, when successful, formulates laws of the physical operation of nature. Such an intellectual enterprise is neutral with respect to religious and theological positions and is hardly strong evidence for naturalism and empiricism. Lewis identifies the conflict as occurring, not between science and religion (or theism), but between naturalism and theism as philosophical worldviews. As a case in point, Lewis sees no conflict between the scientific theory of evolution and its increasing confirmation by empirical evidence, but he does see a conflict between evolution as interpreted by philosophical naturalism—with ideas that humanity is not of special worth, that there is no God who is ultimately responsible for the existence of the world, and so on. An item of particular interest is the Lewis–Van Osdall correspondence (recently discovered, never before published) regarding what advice Lewis would offer on Van Osdall’s contemplated book aimed at presenting science to a general audience, especially a Christian audience.
Two Projects
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommunicating and relating are the two principal concerns of the book, and examining three episodes of everyday interacting makes apparent that one cannot examine the processes of relating apart from examining the processes of communicating. Developing the Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communicating and grounding it in empirical research is the first project, and occupies Part 1: Communicating. Developing Face Constituting Theory; grounding it in the evidence of everyday talk and conduct is the second project and the focus of Part 2: Relating. Communicating & Relating offers an account of how participants themselves go about communicating with one another, and how in doing so they go about relating with one another.