bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sliding Speed on the Thermal Fields and Frictional Behaviours of Asbestos-free Frictional Materials Used for Dry Clutch System
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Salah , Senatore Adolfo , Abdullah Oday I. , Scuotto Nicola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Friction materials are utilized in systems that require explicit contact interaction between at least two components. The requirement to obtain successful frictions materials (high resistance for thermal and wear) is very difficult to such an extent that the market for friction devices is about seven billion dollars for each year. Common applications of the friction materials are automotive clutches and brakes systems where frictional materials play a significant role in these systems. In clutch systems, the tribological contact under sliding condition during the engagement maneuver is strongly affected by the frictional heat generated occurring in the system. Owing to the sliding between the contacting parts, this will lead to produce the mechanical energy losses, which are converted in heat with ensuing temperature increase. The magnitude of temperature rise depends on the complex interaction between frictional characteristics of materials, contact pressure, sliding speed, thermal properties of contacting materials. During the early stage of engagement of friction clutch, high energy is dissipated due to slipping between the contact surfaces. Hence, the surface temperature of the clutch elements is increased due to generated frictional heat. In turn, non-uniform deformation is produced which influence the pressure distribution and thermal field. In other word, the contact pressure and high temperatures will be concentrated in small area of the contact zone that accelerates premature failure of the clutch system. Unfortunately, only few literature works explore through experiments the influence of temperature and other influent variables on the frictional behaviour of the clutch facing materials. In this study, the effect of sliding speed on temperature field and frictional behaviour of ceramic clutch pad was investigated to find out the safely working zone of dry friction clutch systems.
A Simplified Algorithm for Detecting Power Recirculation within 1-Dof Multi-Entity Planetary Gear Trains
Authors: Hussen Hamed A. , Hussain Rahman A. , Esmail Essam L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Because there is power recirculation around internal loops in many transmissions, an undesirable increase in tooth meshing loss can arise in the system which results in lower efficiency. A single graph is used to illustrate the power flow magnitudes and directions. A simple formula for detecting power circulation in one degree of freedom multi-entity parallel-connected planetary gear trains is developed. In the absence of friction, power recirculation mainly depends on the speed ratios of the individual entities that constitute the PGT. The main novelty of the current method is in its extreme simplicity.
Synthesis and characterization of porous zirconia parts by nonaqueous electrophoretic deposition technique
Authors: Salman A J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The technological effect of porous implants in biomedical applications has stepped up the look for advanced shaping tools. The present work was mostly concerned on create and control on porosity and surface roughness of zirconia structures that production by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. Distilled water is utilized in this study to help to create the porosity and increase the surface roughness by its addition in little amounts to ethanol suspension. The obtained porous structures were investigated using SEM and AFM analyses. The addition of water affected the properties of the alcohol suspension, reducing the pH and increasing the dielectric constant. The results show that even adding a small amount of water to an electrolytic suspension leads to gas release on the electrode. The resulted zirconia structures showed the 1 ml water addition was the ultimate value to create uniform pores on the deposited part in the case of 0.5 g zirconia powder volume.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Nickel Composites
Authors: Faeq L S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the metal particles effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyester matrix composites. Nickel (Ni) particles were chosen as reinforcing constituents due to their well characterized mechanical and energetic properties. The effects of spatial distribution and volume fractions of the nickel particles on the mechanical behavior of polyester matrix castings has been examined by of reinforcing the polyester by 2,4,6,8,10 vol.% Ni which have been prepared using hand lay-out molding. Mechanical characteristics were the tensile properties; bending modulus of elasticity, shear stress and impact properties (fracture toughness and impact strength) has been studied. The results of the experimental work show an increase in the volume fraction of nickel particles to 10% led to increase in mechanical properties. While the thermal properties such thermal diffusivity, thermal diffusivity conductivity and specific heat capacity also affected by the incorporation of nickel powder to the matrix that increases slightly as the nickel content increases.
Monitoring and evaluation of the water pollution
Authors: Abdulrazzak Ibtihaj A. , Bierk Hussain , Abdulrazzaq Ali Abdulwahhab 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to control the water pollution through focusing on monitoring and evaluating of the water pollution. The components such as electronic device contains Arduino, sensors (total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, and turbidity), liquid crystal display LCD, and electronic arm with servo motor have been employed to control the water quality. The evaluation of the water quality is paramount to the investigation and use of water and aiming to progress the realization of the phenomena which take place in the water environments. It is important to know the variables which affect the water bodies. This evaluation participates to the improvement of water quality and contribute to the fast and effective method for monitoring and displaying the water quality.
POX Controller and Open Flow Performance Evaluation in Software Defined Networks (SDN) Using Mininet Emulator
Authors: Noman Haeeder Munther , Jasim Mahdi Nsaif 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growing popularity of Internet demands for the agility as well as the flexibility of computer networks. Traditional networking system is unable to satisfy recent computing needs. Proprietary devices configured manually create an error-prone situation in addition they are incapable to fully utilize the capability of physical network infrastructure. This has resulted in the paradigm shift in the networking industry and it is known as Software defined networking. Advantages such as programmability, task virtualization and easy management of the network can be provided by employing SDN platform, on the other hand POX is defined as a Python based open source OpenFlow SDN Controller mainly used for faster development and prototyping of new network applications basically comes pre-installed with the mininet virtual machine. POX controller can turn dumb OpenFlow devices into hub, switch, load balancer and firewall devices. In this paper Performance metrics such as service Delay, utilized bandwidth, received packets and bytes were measured and recorded using network monitoring tools like iperf and D-ITG in order to analyze the functionality of the POX controller as well as to evaluate the operation performance of POX controller for SDN environment. The results of this research were the recommendation of using POX controller in for rapid development and prototyping of network control systems as well as being the framework for the interaction with Open Flow switches.
UWB Elliptical Antenna Using Fractal Geometry For Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Hammed Mayss Alreem N. , Fayadh Rashid A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been studied and its components and method of work. This small device is very important because it has a significant role in facilitating the process of imaging the digestive system. Since the capsule is a pictorial device, the most important part of it is the transmitter. It has been suggested to use the microstrip antenna due to its many advantages such as small size and easy design and others. The microstrip antenna was designed with ultra-wideband technology (UWB) by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna has a return loss of - 1.1 at 5.78 GHz. Also, the radiation patterns are Omni-directional radiations over the UWB bandwidth.
Design of Mobile Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT Technology and Cloud Computing
Authors: Al-Sheikh Mustafa A , Ameen Ibrahim A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This project presents an implementation of wearable, portable, low power consumption, real-time remote bio-signals monitoring system based on the internet of thing technology. This implementation provides an improved step-in remote health monitoring field. Numbers of people, who require health care increase year by year and the conventional bio-signals monitoring systems require patients’ attendance in person inside hospitals. This might cause an inefficient situation to take care of the patients, especially those who have critical and unstable health conditions. Therefore, internet technology along with modern electronic devices could offer promising solutions in this field. Based on that, this project utilizes a mobile application as an IoT platform to monitor remotely the live ECG signal, heart rate, SPO2, and the body temperature of patients. The signals are measured and processed by using a microcontroller-based device (Arduino). The main contribution of this paper is sending an electrocardiogram (ECG signal) to a specific smart mobile phone to be watched by a doctor. This assists in heart diseases diagnosing before the worst case can happen. Finally, the obtained results of this project are illustrated on both smartphone and personal computer (PC) as well.
Instant messaging security and privacy secure instant messenger design
Authors: Ali R M , Alsaad S N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Among many types of social network applications, instant messaging is one of the applications that consider the privacy and the security are two crucial features due to that data exchanged between users are often private and not for public. In this work, a secure Instant Messenger (IM) mobile application is designed and implemented. Many techniques are used to provide privacy and another to achieve security through suitable cryptographic method. The limited and varied specifications of users’ mobile devices are considered for implementing the concept of end-to-end encryption. The application also providing the main functions of instant messaging applications such as profile creation, access control management, and finding friend.
Using of Genetic algorithm to obtain proper Coordination of Directional overcurrent relays.
Authors: Abd Almuhsen Tahseen Ali , Sultan Ahmed Jasim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transmission and distribution lines are the most parts in power systems affected by faults during their operation. Therefore, it is required to maintain suitable coordination between all the protection relays is used to protect them during faults. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve the coordination problems of the directional overcurrent relays (DOC) in interconnected systems. GA is used to obtain the optimum time multiplier setting (TMS) of these relays. A comparison has been made with previous work in literature to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm and the total operatination time of DOC in the network has been minimized. The results confirm the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and these results have been validated by using an electric transient and analysis program(ETAP).
A New Proposed Pendulum-Like with Attraction-Repulsion mechanism Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems
Authors: Abed I A , Koh S P , Sahari K S M , Tiong S K , Ali M M , Abdul Kadhim A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work aims to contribute to the domain of new modification in electromagnetism-like (EM) algorithm, which will be referred to in this work as pendulum-like with attraction-repulsion mechanism algorithm (PA). PA algorithm has been constructed with the purpose of solving inverse kinematics (IK) problem. The proposed new algorithm mimics the concepts of a simple physical pendulum and is derived as a local search in order to promote the performance of the EM algorithm. Comparisons between the suggested PA with the available algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and EM were conducted using two mathematical test functions. On top of the testing, the PA algorithm is tested to solve the problem of IK for a four degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar robot. The simulation results indicate that the PA algorithm outperforms other approaches in terms of accuracy and the speed of convergence through the errors and the decreasing of objective with iterations as mention in presented tables and figures, on top of being able to successfully solve the IK problem with multiple robot configurations.
Modeling and Anlysis for Diagnosis Skin Lesions using Modern Artificial Swarm Intelligence Techniques (MASITs)
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Ajel Ahmed R. , Al-Azawi Aws , Abdul-Nab Rawaa A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
MASITs provides an optimum outcomes if it is not probable to become the solutions of huge inflexible optimization difficulties. Computerized investigation of skin lesions is a significant problem in data retrieval for medical imaging, it supports human experts to enhance their choice construction for rapid and accurate analysis of unhealthy nevi and other skin diseases. In this article, computerized investigation of skin lesions has been addressed, by an adjustment of controlling swarm intelligence system (Artifical Bee Colony{ABC}).The modified system is hybridized with a search technique for improved performance. Experimental outcomes on a level of medical images of early diagnosis skin lesions confirmation that this technique outclasses conventional mathematical approaches for the cases in the standard. It is identical good and regularly higher to advanced systems in the area in relationships of mathematical accuracy. The chief benefit of the proposed technique is that this diagnosis can segment skin lesions by resolve images. So, additional comprehensive features can be found from the segmented portion of the lesion, which in turn contributes on organization medical service accuracy.
Interval type-2 and type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for congestion avoidance in internet routers
Authors: Kadhim Hanan M , Oglah Ahmed A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Active queue management (AQM) scheme is an important research area in congestion control. The AQM mechanism attains the congestion controller by regularize the length of queue from evaluation or dropping the packets at the moderate routers. In this paper the interval type-2 and type-1 fuzzy logic controller are designed to desist the congestion in the networks. Several evolutionary optimization algorithms are used to select the parameters of two controllers as particle swarm optimization (PSO), social spider optimization (SSO) and ant colony Optimization (ACO). The simulation of linearized model of TCP/AQM are introduced in MATLAB (R2018a). Results of the PID like fuzzy type-1controller is compared with PID like interval type-2 fuzzy controller (IT2-FLC) based on optimization algorithms in each controller and shows that IT2-FLC with SSO has been given the best result.
Implementation of the GPS microstrip circular patch antenna
Authors: Fadhil S. H. , Thaher R. H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new design of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) microstrip antenna for the military use at L2-band (1.227 GHz) is introduced. Some slots are etched in the circular patch of the designed antenna to enhance the reflection coefficient (i.e. S11≤ −10 dB). The patch was printed on epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr = 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ = 0.025) with overall dimensions (70×70×1.6) mm3. The antenna was manufactured and checked with the help of the Vector Analyzer Network (VNA). It was found that there is a reasonable acceptance between the simulation and practical results.
VoIP Performance Evaluation and Capacity Estimation Using different QoS Mechanisms
Authors: Refaet Ahmmed , Ahmed Muhanad A. , Aish Qais. , Jasim Ali K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Data networks and new mobile networks (4G and 5G) deploy packet switching in their core networks. Due to this architecture VoIP protocols has a wide deployment in these environments. VoIP capacity and quality must be considered during VoIP protocols implementations. The aim of QoS mechanisms is to satisfy voice traffic requirements; this is deployed by using many tools like congestion management utilities, congestion avoidance utilities, and link fragmentation tools. Each tool has an impact on voice performance. Queuing is very important mechanisms in the traffic management system. Certain routers in data networks must deploy some QoS tools that control how different packets are temporally buffered until transmission on the interface. This paper studies the effect of different QoS tools on VoIP application performance and capacity via OPNET simulation. Also, the maximum VoIP capacity which gives accepted quality will be investigated.
Texture Analysis of Mammogram Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients Method
Authors: Farhan Athraa H. , Kamil Mohammed Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The second foremost reason for dying ladies all across the world is breast cancer. The possibilities of survival can be raises when cancer detects earlier; therefore, the mortality reduction. The radiologist used mammograms to recognize breast tumors at an early level. Since the mammograms have little contrast, hence, it is unclear to the radiologist to distinguish small tumors. A computer-aided detection system contributes to explaining mammograms and helps the radiologist to indicate the appearance of breast mass and discriminate among normal and abnormal tissue. In this research, we introduce a histogram of oriented gradients as a method of feature extraction and identify mass regions in mammograms. The features extraction from this method classified by a support vector machine. To improve the diagnosis ability, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization pre-processing system is utilized. Mini-MIAS database used to estimate this approach. The top accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained are 90%, 69%, 100%, respectively.
Modeling and Simulation of A Low Cost Perturb& Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Techniques In Proteus Software Based on Flyback Converter
Authors: Saleh Ameer L. , Obed Adel A. , Hassoun Zainab Abdullah , Yaqoob Salam J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A photovoltaic (PV) panel that extracted the electrical energy from the sunlight energy is as nonlinear in nature with respect to the weather conditions such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. Hence, the PV panel characteristics are exhibited a nonlinear P-V and I-V characteristics. Therefore, a one-point in the nonlinear PV characteristics at which the power is maximum. For this reason, the maximum power of the PV panel can be extracted using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, the efficiency of the PV panel is increased. This MPPT technique is implemented using a suitable DC/DC converter linked with a corrected load resistance. In this paper, isolated flyback DC/DC converter is used to implement the MPPT techniques of low cost perturb& observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) algorithms that represent the main controller in the PV system. The Proteus software is used to modeling and simulate the PV panel model that integrated with MPPT under variable cell temperature and solar irradiance and its control. Each technique is simulated with the PV model, flyback converter and a resistance load in order to the comparison between their performances. The results show that the P&O technique is tracked faster than the INC technique but the fluctuation is higher. On other hand, more power form the PV panel is obtained in INC technique which is lead to that the INC is more efficient than the P&O algorithm.
Blade Shape Optimization of Savonius Wind Turbine at Low Wind Energy by Artificial Neural network
Authors: Al-Shammari Sarah Ali , Karamallah Abdul Hassan , Aljabair Sattar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, vertical axis wind turbine specially Savonius type due to their positive properties and capabilities have picked up a significant consideration. This article deals with the use of artificial neural network to predict optimum blade shape design for enhanced power coefficient value for savonius wind turbine at low wind speed numerically with commercial code software ANSYS-CFX. The simulations included the analysis of many models used to learn artificial neural network to predict the optimum blade shape of savonius wind turbine at wind speed 3m/s and tip speed ratio TSR of 0.8. The performance of optimal and conventional model is studied at wide range of TSR (0.2-1.2). The obtained enhancement ratio in power coefficient is 55%. The obtained results point out that optimal blade shape Savonius wind turbine is better than semicircular blade at rang of TSR (0.6-1.1) that mean is more suitable for applying in urban area environment where the complex condition and low wind speed range.
The effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a porous medium
Authors: Theeb M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two dimensional mathematical model of an enclosure filled with a porous medium and heated from the lower end with various values of the width to height ratio (aspect ratio) has been studied in the present article. A two dimensional free convection model has been solved numerically using finite difference technique to evaluate the streamlines, isotherm lines, and the average Nusslet number. The set values where; Rayleigh number of 106, Prandtl number of 0.72, and aspect ratio ranging from 1:4 to 4:1. The model has been validated and the results showed that the aspect ratio has a clear effect on the average Nusselt number and that increasing the flow rate for aspect ratio form 1:4 to 4:1.
Numerical Investigation of 2D Turbulent Flow past a Circular Cylinder at Lower Subcritical Reynolds Number
Authors: Sowoud K M , Al-Filfily A A , Abed B H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the applicability of the standard k-ε turbulence model in engineering practice in the subcritical flow regimes. Also, examine the influence of Reynolds number variation on the flow characteristics are considered. The numerically simulation of the flow characteristics over a smooth uniform cross section circular cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm and 400mm span, placed horizontally perpendicular to the main flow direction at four different Reynolds numbers (Re) based on the cylinder diameter (D) and the undisturbed free-stream velocity in the range Re=(0.5,0.7,0.85 and 1.0) ×105 were performed. The simulated results of the flow properties such as flow stream velocity components, pressure distribution contours, pressure coefficient (Cp) and drag coefficient(CD) around the circular cylinder were consider. The numerical analysis obtain by CFD using ANSYS FLUNET (19.1) with K-ε turbulence model, for solving the 2D (ANSE) governing equation for tested model were consider. The present simulation results validation is obtained by comparing the converged results with published numerical and experimental data.