bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encounters with the Most Animal Other: Rabies, Biopolitics, and Disease Prevention in Bali
Authors: Drake Phillip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since 2008, rabies has killed several thousand semi-feral dogs in Bali, but hundreds of thousands of dogs have been killed by government officials to control the disease, which continues to spread. This article tracks this rabies outbreak and the efforts to contain the disease, noting frictions that emerged between officials and animal welfare activists. The former depict the dogs as a nuisance that should be exterminated, while the latter showcase the dogs’ cultural and scientific importance. This biopolitical contest hinges on formulations of animality that position dogs in opposition to humans. Rabies complicates this conflict, as it not only violates human/nonhuman animal boundaries, rendering both human and nonhuman communities vulnerable to infection, but also transforms those who are infected into radically animal (violent, unreasonable, frothing) individuals. By rethinking animality via rabies, we may better recognize and counter articulations of animality that render vulnerable populations killable.
Both aggressive and affiliative behaviour facilitate resource access in high-ranking female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Overduin-de Vries Anne M. , de Vries Han , Vermande Marjolijn M. , Reijntjes Albert H.A. , Sterck Elisabeth H.M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Access to limited resources may be achieved by dominance as well as by high rates of aggressive and affiliative behaviour. We investigated the relative effectiveness of dominance rank and aggressive and affiliative behaviour in accessing three material and three social resources. Aggressive and affiliative behaviour of 24 female long-tailed macaques was scored along with their success in resource access. Path models revealed that high-ranking individuals have more access to resources than low-ranking ones through their employment of both aggressive and affiliative behaviour. Physical aggression was effective in accessing two material resources (food and enrichment). Affiliative behaviour was effective in accessing one material (co-drinking) and one social (tolerance) resource. In conclusion, since aggressive behaviour was effective in accessing two material resources, while affiliative behaviour increased access to both a material and a social resource, affiliative behaviour is at least as important as aggressive behaviour for high-ranking individuals to access resources.
Tools for Managing Complex Negotiations
Authors: Crump Larry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
“Management of complexity” was identified as a paradigm for negotiation analysis 25 years ago. Substantial progress has been made in conceptualizing complex negotiations since, although less has been accomplished with regard to operationalizing that knowledge so that tools can be developed to manage complex negotiations. This article begins by reviewing five separate theoretical frameworks of negotiation complexity and, through this analysis, identifies six significant characteristics of negotiation complexity: party numbers, negotiator roles, external environment, negotiation process, negotiation strategy, and party relations. Operational tools are identified for each variable. On the basis of this analysis, the article concludes by identifying additional tools that could be developed for managing complex negotiations.
Revisiting the Problem of Credibility in the Age of Post-Truth
Authors: Jönsson Christer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This essay raises the question whether citizens in the digital age can learn from how credibility is treated in international negotiations. Negotiators face problems both in attempting to send credible signals and in making credibility assessments of received signals. Several studies, starting with Schelling’s seminal analysis of commitments, indicate that credible signals are those that are somehow costly to the sender. Contributions to our understanding of how recipients make credibility assessments include Jervis’s distinction between signals (with no inherent credibility) and indices (believed to be untainted by deception). The most general conclusion emerging from existing research is that there is no definitive, infallible solution to the problem of credibility, insofar as deception and misperception are intrinsic to all signaling systems. Today’s unfortunate combination of limited awareness of credibility problems, on the one hand, and technological advances facilitating deception, on the other, calls for intensified education as well as multidisciplinary research.
In the Case of Theme: Topic Identifiers in English and Norwegian Academic Texts
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of clause-initial constituents prefaced by topic-identifying expressions such as in terms of, in the case of and their Norwegian counterparts. The focus is on the nature, frequency and discourse functions of these in a corpus of published academic writing in English and Norwegian and across three disciplines. Such expressions are rather infrequent overall, but medicine uses them the least and linguistics the most in both languages. The functions of the construction can be compared either to those of left dislocation or to other types of clause-initial adverbials depending on the degree of coreference between the theme and some element in the rheme. The pattern with coreference is more common in Norwegian than in English. Generally, topic identifiers are used for announcing explicitly a theme that represents a topic shift or a contrast with the preceding discourse. The study contributes to contrastive pragmatics through its focus on the discourse-pragmatic functions of the expressions under study and the cross-linguistic comparison of this type of information structuring device across different disciplines of academic writing.
Adult Aortotracheal Fistula as Sequela of Double Aortic Arch Repair in Infancy: A Case Report
Authors: Rees Andrew B. , Rodney Jennifer P. , Gilbert Mark R. , Kaiser Clayton A. , Gelbard Alexander H. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Double aortic arch is a rare congenital malformation of the aortic arch that most frequently presents in childhood. Early surgical intervention typically yields excellent outcomes. Objectives: To describe aortotracheal fistula as a rare, yet serious complication of vascular ring and subsequent aortic aneurysm in an adult patient. Methods: Clinical history, as well as radiographic and endoscopic imaging were obtained to describe the development, diagnosis, and clinical course of this patient’s aortotracheal fistula. Additionally, follow up data was obtained to document the healing of this fistula after surgical repair. Results: We describe a case of a 46-year-old male with DiGeorge Syndrome and a double aortic arch, repaired in childhood, which developed into an aortotracheal fistula after tracheostomy placement as an adult. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that dangerous complications of a double aortic arch can persist into adulthood, even after surgical repair in infancy. Each patient’s unique anatomy must be considered when thinking about airway management and prevention of complications of this rare congenital anomaly.
CD49d promotes disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: new insights from CD49d bimodal expression
Authors: Tissino Erika , Pozzo Federico , Benedetti Dania , Caldana Chiara , Bittolo Tamara , Rossi Francesca Maria , Bomben Riccardo , Nanni Paola , Chivilò Hillarj , Cattarossi Ilaria , Zaina Eva , Norris Kevin , Polesel Jerry , Gentile Massimo , Tripepi Giovanni , Moia Riccardo , Santinelli Enrico , Innocenti Idanna , Olivieri Jacopo , D’Arena Giovanni , Laurenti Luca , Zaja Francesco , Pozzato Gabriele , Chiarenza Annalisa , Di Raimondo Francesco , Rossi Davide , Pepper Chris , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Gaidano Gianluca , Del Poeta Giovanni , Gattei Valter , Zucchetto Antonella 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
CD49d is a remarkable prognostic biomarker of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The cutoff value for the extensively validated 30% of positive CLL cells is able to separate CLL patients into 2 subgroups with different prognoses, but it does not consider the pattern of CD49d expression. In the present study, we analyzed a cohort of 1630 CLL samples and identified the presence of ∼20% of CLL cases (n = 313) characterized by a bimodal expression of CD49d, that is, concomitant presence of a CD49d+ subpopulation and a CD49d− subpopulation. At variance with the highly stable CD49d expression observed in CLL patients with a homogeneous pattern of CD49d expression, CD49d bimodal CLL showed a higher level of variability in sequential samples, and an increase in the CD49d+ subpopulation over time after therapy. The CD49d+ subpopulation from CD49d bimodal CLL displayed higher levels of proliferation compared with the CD49d− cells; and was more highly represented in the bone marrow compared with peripheral blood (PB), and in PB CLL subsets expressing the CXCR4dim/CD5bright phenotype, known to be enriched in proliferative cells. From a clinical standpoint, CLL patients with CD49d bimodal expression, regardless of whether the CD49d+ subpopulation exceeded the 30% cutoff or not, experienced clinical behavior similar to CD49d+ CLL, both in chemoimmunotherapy (n = 1522) and in ibrutinib (n = 158) settings. Altogether, these results suggest that CD49d can drive disease progression in CLL, and that the pattern of CD49d expression should also be considered to improve the prognostic impact of this biomarker in CLL.
Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Olayeriju O. S. , Crown O. O. , Elekofehinti O. O. , Akinmoladun A. C. , Olaleye M. T. , Akindahunsi A. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMoonseed vine (Triclisia gilletiiStaner) in the family Menispermaceae is a robust creeper of up to 10 cm diameter, of the lowland dense rain forest. In Ondo State, located in the South Western part of Nigeria, the plant which is usually called Peshe is used for the management of renal-related ailments. The present study was undertaken to explore the efficacy ofTriclisia gilletii, a folkloric therapy in the management of renal-related ailment.ResultsPhenols, steroids, saponins, and flavonoids are present in the TGME with a total antioxidant capacity of (30.36 ± 1.90 (mg GAE/g extract), LD50greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w., and in vitro anti-nucleation activity (iC50 = 7.09 mg/mL). Calcium oxalate stone formation as a result of oxalate from ethane-1,2-diol was evident by hypocalcemia, and further electrolyte imbalance and decreased glomerular filtration rate. The enhanced oxidative milieu in hyperoxaluria was evident by increased MDA and PC and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as renal membrane enzymes activities. The renal histopathological study further emphasized oxalate-induced damage and the ameliorative potential of TGME.ConclusionThe abnormal biochemical, redox electrolyte, membrane integrity, and histological alterations were attenuated by TGME which affirms its usage as nephroprotectant.
A microcarrier-based spheroid 3D invasion assay to monitor dynamic cell movement in extracellular matrix
Authors: Liu Hui , Lu Tao , Kremers Gert-Jan , Seynhaeve Ann L. B. , ten Hagen Timo L. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Cell invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical step in tumor metastasis. To study cell invasion in vitro, the internal microenvironment can be simulated via the application of 3D models.

Results
This study presents a method for 3D invasion examination using microcarrier-based spheroids. Cell invasiveness can be evaluated by quantifying cell dispersion in matrices or tracking cell movement through time-lapse imaging. It allows measuring of cell invasion and monitoring of dynamic cell behavior in three dimensions. Here we show different invasive capacities of several cell types using this method. The content and concentration of matrices can influence cell invasion, which should be optimized before large scale experiments. We also introduce further analysis methods of this 3D invasion assay, including manual measurements and homemade semi-automatic quantification. Finally, our results indicate that the position of spheroids in a matrix has a strong impact on cell moving paths, which may be easily overlooked by researchers and may generate false invasion results.

Conclusions
In all, the microcarrier-based spheroids 3D model allows exploration of adherent cell invasion in a fast and highly reproducible way, and provides informative results on dynamic cell behavior in vitro.
scHaplotyper: haplotype construction and visualization for genetic diagnosis using single cell DNA sequencing data
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Zhu Xiaohui , Wang Yuqian , Nie Yanli , Guan Shuo , Kuo Ying , Chang Di , Li Rong , Qiao Jie , Yan Liying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHaplotyping reveals chromosome blocks inherited from parents to in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), enabling the observation of the transmission of disease alleles between generations. However, the methods of haplotyping that are suitable for single cells are limited because a whole genome amplification (WGA) process is performed before sequencing or genotyping in PGD, and true haplotype profiles of embryos need to be constructed based on genotypes that can contain many WGA artifacts.ResultsHere, we offer scHaplotyper as a genetic diagnosis tool that reconstructs and visualizes the haplotype profiles of single cells based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). scHaplotyper can trace the origin of each haplotype block in the embryo, enabling the detection of carrier status of disease alleles in each embryo. We applied this method in PGD in two families affected with genetic disorders, and the result was the healthy live births of two children in the two families, demonstrating the clinical application of this method.ConclusionNext generation sequencing (NGS) of preimplantation embryos enable genetic screening for families with genetic disorders, avoiding the birth of affected babies. With the validation and successful clinical application, we showed that scHaplotyper is a convenient and accurate method to screen out embryos. More patients with genetic disorder will benefit from the genetic diagnosis of embryos. The source code of scHaplotyper is available at GitHub repository:https://github.com/yzqheart/scHaplotyper.
The effect of preoperative anxiety level on mean platelet volume and propofol consumption
Authors: Uysal Ali İhsan , Altıparmak Başak , Korkmaz Toker Melike , Dede Gülseda , Sezgin Çiğdem , Gümüş Demirbilek Semra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mean platelet volume (MPV) is an important indicator of platelet function with large platelets showing higher enzymatic and metabolic activity than other platelets. There can be a relationship between increased platelet activity and anxiety and depression. Our primary hypothesis was that patients with high anxiety scores would have higher MPV, and the secondary hypothesis was that propofol induction time and total propofol consumption within the first 30 min of surgery would be higher in patients with higher anxiety scores.MethodsThe Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to the participating patients 1 day before surgery to evaluate the level of anxiety. Based on the scores from the BAI, 40 patients with an anxiety score of < 8 were assigned to the non-anxious group (Group NA) and 40 patients with an anxiety score of ≥8 were assigned to the anxious group (Group A). At the anesthesia induction the mean time to achieve an entropy value below 60 (T1) was recorded. The total intraoperative propofol consumption within the first 30 min was recorded.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative MPV and demographic data, including age and sex. The mean total propofol consumption at 30 min after induction in the groups was statistically significant. The cut-off value for MPV was calculated as 9.65.ConclusionsThe preoperative MPV values and propofol consumption at 30 min among patients with high preoperative anxiety scores were high. We suggest that MPV is helpful in the clinical practice in predicting the amount of anesthetic agents required for the 30 mins of anesthesia.
Written patient information materials used in general practices fail to meet acceptable quality standards
Authors: Posch Nicole , Horvath Karl , Wratschko Kerstin , Plath Jasper , Brodnig Richard , Siebenhofer Andrea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Patient information materials and decision aids are essential tools for helping patients make informed decisions and share in decision-making. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the written patient information materials available at general practices in Styria, Austria.

Methods
We asked general practitioners to send in all patient information materials available in their practices and to answer a short questionnaire. We evaluated the materials using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP-36) instrument.

Results
A total of 387 different patient information materials were available for quality assessment. These materials achieved an average score of 39 out of 100. The score was below 50 for 78% of all materials. There was a significant lack of information on the evidence base of recommendations. Only 9 % of the materials provided full disclosure of their evidence sources. We also found that, despite the poor quality of the materials, 89% of general practitioners regularly make active use of them during consultations with patients.

Conclusion
Based on international standards, the quality of patient information materials available at general practices in Styria is poor. The vast majority of the materials are not suitable as a basis for informed decisions by patients. However, most Styrian general practitioners use written patient information materials on a regular basis in their daily clinical practice. Thus, these materials not only fail to help raise the health literacy of the general population, but may actually undermine efforts to enable patients to make shared informed decisions. To increase health literacy, it is necessary to make high quality, evidence-based and easy-to-understand information material available to patients and the public. For this, it may be necessary to set up a centralized and independent clearinghouse.
Does long-term recreational gymnastics prevent injurious falls in older women? A prospective 20-year follow-up
Authors: Uusi-Rasi Kirsti , Karinkanta Saija , Kannus Pekka , Tokola Kari , Sievänen Harri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Exercise interventions focusing on balance and strength training have been shown to be effective for falls prevention. The aim of this 20-year register-based follow-up was to examine whether long-term participation in recreational female gymnastics is associated with a lower risk of medically-attended injurious falls.

Methods
Health care register data of 187 women (103 recreational gymnasts and 84 sedentary controls) from the original cohort of 243 women were assessed. The mean age (sd) at baseline was 62.8 (5.4) years and the mean follow-up time was 19.4 (2.7) years (range from 5.6 to 21.0 years).
Injurious falls were scrutinized from medical records. An injurious fall was defined as an event in which falling was mentioned as a reason for making contact with health-care professionals. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for injurious falls, and Cox-regression models for calculating hazard ratios (HR) for injured fallers with the control group as reference.

Results
Recreational gymnasts had about 30% less injurious falls compared to controls, the mean IRR (95% CI) being 0.71 (0.51 to 0.96). The HR for injured fallers was 0.73 (0.52 to 1.02) favoring the recreational gymnasts. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for fractures.

Conclusions
Long-term recreational gymnastics appears to reduce the risk of injurious falls in old age.
Multiplex bacterial polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of patients with pleural effusion
Authors: Franchetti Léo , Schumann Desiree M. , Tamm Michael , Jahn Kathleen , Stolz Daiana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The identification of the pathogens in pleural effusion has mainly relied on conventional bacterial culture or single species polymerase chain reaction (PCR), both with relatively low sensitivity. We investigated the efficacy of a commercially available multiplex bacterial PCR assay developed for pneumonia to identify the pathogens involved in pleural infection, particularly empyema.

Methods
A prospective, monocentric, observational study including 194 patients with pleural effusion. Patients were evaluated based on imaging, laboratory values, pleura ultrasound and results of thoracentesis including conventional microbiology studies during hospitalisation. Multiplex bacterial PCR (Curetis Unyvero p55) was performed in batch and had no influence on therapeutic decisions.

Results
Overall, there were 51/197 cases with transudate and 146/197 with exudate. In 42% (n = 90/214) there was a clinical suspicion of parapneumonic effusion and the final clinical diagnosis of empyema was made in 29% (n = 61/214) of all cases. The most common microorganisms identified in the cases diagnosed with empyema were anaerobes [31] followed by gram-positive cocci [10] and gram-negative rods [4]. The multiplex PCR assay identified more of the pathogens on the panel than the conventional methods (23.3% (7/30) vs. 6.7% (2/30), p = 0.008).

Conclusion
The multiplex PCR-based assay had a higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional microbiology when only the pathogens on the pneumonia panel were taken into account. A dedicated pleural empyema multiplex PCR panel including anaerobes would be needed to cover most common pathogens involved in pleural infection.