bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptions de l’ornement en quête de discours scientifique
Authors: van Eck Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Les trois livres étudiés ici offrent un nouvel éclairage sur l’histoire complexe de l’ornement en Occident. L’étude de Clare Guest sur la compréhension de l’ornement à la Renaissance est une tentative ambitieuse et très savante de retracer la préhistoire des concepts avant l’émergence de l’esthétique kantienne. Guest remonte aux débuts de la pensée occidentale sur l’ornement, dans l’Ancien Testament, dans les pensées grecques platonicienne, aristotélicienne et sophistique, et dans la scolastique, pour retrouver une conception de l’ornement et de la beauté qui ne soit pas déterminée à partir d’un concept relatif de la beauté, et qui résonne tout de même avec l’idée grecque selon laquelle l’ornement serait l’éclat de la vérité et de la beauté. Le livre de Rémi Labrusse se penche quant à lui sur l’histoire de l’ornement après le moment kantien. Il s’agit d’une étude tout aussi dense et très sophistiquée des tentatives du xixe siècle pour repenser l’ornement, sa conception et son histoire, face aux défis posés par l’émergence d’une prise de conscience de la nature globale de l’art et de l’ornementation humaine et des changements radicaux que la révolution industrielle imprime à la production artistique. C’est un nouveau départ fondamental. Tourné vers le xxe siècle, le volume Histories of Ornament. From Global to Local, dirigé par Gülru Necipoglu et Alina Payne, remet en question le paradigme moderniste, ou plutôt son rejet de l’ornement, à partir de la résurgence de l’ornementation de surface dans l’œuvre d’architectes contemporains tels que Herzog & De Meuron ou Farshid Moussavi. Ces trois livres se distinguent par une remise en cause fondamentale des idées reçues sur l’ornement conçu comme complément de l’objet qu’il orne, et donc superflu, et montrent de différentes manières que la question de l’ornement est au cœur de l’art et de la culture matérielle humains.
Combination of Fruquintinib and Anti–PD-1 for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wei Bin , Gao Jianhua , Cai Xiaomin , Xu Lingyan , Zhong Haiqing , Wang Binglin , Sun Yang , Guo Wenjie , Xu Qiang , Gu Yanhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Identification of effective therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an urgent medical need, especially for the microsatellite-stable (MSS) phenotype. In the current study, a combination of fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 for MSS CRC therapy was investigated. First, a case of advanced MSS CRC was reported. After failure of multiline therapy, the patient finally achieved rapid response after receiving fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 treatment. Then the effect of fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 was verified using a murine syngeneic model of CT26 cells (MSS). The results showed that cotreatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and promote survival time for tumor-bearing mice compared with the single drug alone. In addition, fruquintinib/anti–PD-1 cotreatment decreased angiogenesis, enhanced normalization of the vascular structure, and alleviated tumor hypoxia. Moreover, the combination therapy reprogrammed the immune microenvironment by enhancing chemotactic factor release, increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation, decreasing ration of regulatory T cells, and promoting M1/M2 ratio of macrophage. Finally, the enhanced antitumor effect of fruquintinib/anti–PD-1 cotreatment was significantly reversed in CD8 knockout mice compared with that in the wild-type mice. Our study indicated that combination of fruquintinib and anti–PD-1 could synergistically suppress CRC progression and altered the tumor microenvironment in favor of antitumor immune responses.
Absence of the C5a Receptor C5aR2 Worsens Ischemic Tissue Injury by Increasing C5aR1-Mediated Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Wu Mike C. L. , Lee John D. , Ruitenberg Marc J. , Woodruff Trent M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration to ischemic tissues following reperfusion worsens injury. A key driver of neutrophil recruitment and activation is the complement factor C5a, which signals through two receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2. In this study, we used a neutrophil-dependent mouse model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to investigate the underexplored role of C5aR2 in neutrophil mobilization, recruitment, and disease outcomes. We show that intestinal IR induces rapid neutrophil mobilization along with a concomitant reduction in plasma C5a levels that is driven by both C5aR1 and C5aR2. Intestinal IR in C5aR2−/− mice led to worsened intestinal damage and increased neutrophil infiltration. Inhibition of C5aR1 signaling in C5aR2−/− mice with PMX53 prevented neutrophil accumulation and reduced IR pathology, suggesting a key requirement for enhanced neutrophil C5aR1 activation in the absence of C5aR2 signaling. Interestingly, C5aR2 deficiency also reduced circulating neutrophil numbers after IR, as well as following G-CSF–mediated bone marrow mobilization, which was independent of C5aR1, demonstrating that C5aR2 has unique and distinct functions from C5aR1 in neutrophil egress. Despite enhanced tissue injury in C5aR2−/− IR mice, there were significant reductions in intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, highlighting complicated dual protective/pathogenic roles for C5aR2 in pathophysiology. Collectively, we show that C5aR2 is protective in intestinal IR by inhibiting C5aR1-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the ischemic tissue. This is despite the potentially local pathogenic effects of C5aR2 in increasing intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing circulating neutrophil numbers in response to mobilizing signals. Our data therefore suggest that this balance between the dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of C5aR2 ultimately dictates disease outcomes.
Ocular surface disorder among adult patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its correlation with tear film markers
Authors: Manchikanti Vijayakumari , Kasturi Nirupama , Rajappa Medha , Gochhait Debasis 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
The purpose is to study the ocular surface changes among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to correlate them with tear film markers such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was carried out on diabetic patients (>5 years' duration) and healthy age- and gender-matched controls with 21 individuals in each group. Schirmer's test for basal and reflex tear secretion, tear film breakup time (TBUT) for tear stability, ocular staining score (OSS) for dryness severity, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) for symptomatic assessment of dryness and conjunctival impression cytology (IC) for epithelial cell integrity, keratinization, squamous metaplasia, and goblet cell density was studied. Thirty microliters of tears were collected to test IGF-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels.

RESULTS:
Patients with DM showed significantly low Schirmer's, TBUT, and OSS values than controls. OSDI score showed moderate-severe dryness in patients with DM and only mild symptoms among controls. An abnormal IC score was seen among cases and controls. The level of TNF-α was significantly increased in patients with DM and positively correlated with Schirmer and TBUT values (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Dry eye is more prevalent in patients with DM compared to controls as evidenced by poor OSDI score, Schirmer, TBUT, and OSS. TNF-α in the tears of patients with DM is a useful marker that showed a good correlation with Schirmer, TBUT, and dry eye symptoms. IC could not conclusively differentiate the dry eye status in patients with DM from controls.
(18F)-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging assessment of hypometabolism patterns in clinical phenotypes of suspected corticobasal degeneration
Authors: Franceschi Ana , Clifton Michael , Naser-Tavakolian Kiyon , Ahmed Osama , Cruciata Giuseppe , Bangiyev Lev , Clouston Sean , Franceschi Dinko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCorticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder presenting with atypical parkinsonian symptoms that characteristically involves the frontoparietal region including the primary sensorimotor cortex, ipsilateral basal ganglia, and thalamus, typically in an asymmetric pattern. We aim to evaluate the metabolic and volumetric abnormalities in patients with clinically suspected CBD phenotypes utilizing hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET/MR) brain imaging. A retrospective analysis was performed on 75 patients (mean age 74 years, 31 males and 44 females) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/MR imaging (MRI) as part of their clinical dementia workup. Images were obtained using an integrated Siemens mMR 3T PET/MRI scanner. Two board-certified neuroradiologists and a nuclear medicine physician evaluated the metabolic and volumetric data of each hemisphere to assess for symmetric or asymmetric involvement of regions of interest in the subset of patients with suspected CBD. Of the 75 patients, 12 were diagnosed with suspected CBD based on a combination of clinical symptoms, neurocognitive testing, and hybrid neuroimaging findings. Ten of 12 patients (87%) demonstrated asymmetrically decreased FDG uptake involving a single cerebral hemisphere and ipsilateral subcortical structures, whereas two of 12 patients (13%) demonstrated striking hypometabolism of the bilateral sensorimotor cortices. Our study highlights two characteristic patterns of hypometabolism in patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings suggestive of the underlying CBD. The first pattern is asymmetric hypometabolism and volume loss, particularly within the frontoparietal and occipital cortices with involvement of ipsilateral subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia and thalamus. The second, more atypical pattern, is symmetric hypometabolism with striking involvement of the bilateral sensorimotor cortices.
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of the Marrakech-Safi region, Morocco
Authors: Hoummadi Laila , Berrouch Salma , Amraouza Yassine , Adel Abdelaziz , Mriouch Mostafa , Soraa Nabila , El Jahiri Younes , Zoughari Laila , Benbouzid Abdelkrim , Miss El Mostafa , Moutaj Redouan , Hafid Jamaleddine 
Published: October 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by an intracellular protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii. Its prevalence had been investigated in several studies throughout the world showing that it varied from one country to another. In contrast, few studies had been carried out on this infection across the kingdom of Morocco, hence the objective of this work, which is the determination of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the region of Marrakech-Safi.
Methods: The serological results of a cohort of 5692 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Those patients had been into dif- ferent public and private medical laboratories in the region of Marrakech-Safi for a toxoplasmosis serology, requested between the 1st January, 2014 and 31st December, 2016. According to each laboratory, the techniques adopted for this serology were ELISA (ELFA, MEIA, EIA) and CMIA.
Results: The results showed that for pregnant women, the overall seroprevalence in the study region were 28.88%.
Conclusion: The variation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence is related not only to climatic factors but also to lifestyle, eating habits, socio-economic status and hygiene conditions. In this study, we noticed that in Morocco, as in other countries, pregnant women encounter several difficulties when serologic screening for toxoplasmosis.
Keywords: Seroprevalence; toxoplasmosis; pregnant women; Marrakech-Safi region.
HIV-related knowledge level among Indonesian women between 15 years and 49 years of age
Authors: Efendi Ferry , Rafi Pratama Emha , Hadisuyatmana Setho , Indarwati Retno , Lindayani Linlin , Bushy Angeline 
Published: October 2020

Background: Women are a highly vulnerable population for HIV-infection, influenced by biological, cultural, social and eco- nomic factors. Inadequate knowledge about the risk for exposure to HIV will impact the prevention and treatment of HIV.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine HIV-related knowledge among women in Indonesia and the associated de- mographic determinants that influence their access to accurate HIV-related information.
Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey in 2012. Level of HIV-related knowledge was determined by analyzing nine items on the 2012 IDHS instrument.
Results: The percentage of women in Indonesia between the ages of 15 and 49 years of age, more than half (53.6%) had high score of HIV-related knowledge. The results from logistic regression showed that women aged 30-34 years old had 2.2 times higher knowledge level about HIV compared to older women. Married women, living in rural area, with a lower level of educa- tion, reported to have limited or no access to HIV related information; thus, had a correspondingly lower knowledge level of HIV.
Conclusion: Study findings underscore the lack of knowledge-level among Indonesian women about HIV, especially the pre- vention, transmission, and prevention mother to child transmission (PMCT).
Keywords: HIV; Knowledge; prevention; women; demographic health survey.
Association of environmental risk factors and trachoma in Gashoho Health District, Burundi
Authors: Ndisabiye Desire , Gahungu Athanase , Kayugi Donatien , K Waters Edward 
Published: October 2020

Background: Burundi is currently not meeting targets for elimination of trachoma and trichiasis by 2020 (GET2020). The recommended SAFE strategy (Surgery, antibiotics, face washing and environmental improvement) is currently not fully implemented in many areas of Burundi. The existence of associations between face-washing, sanitation and trachoma prevalence remain undocumented.
Methods: A convenience sample of 468 individuals from 117 households was drawn from attendees at trachoma clinics set up in four villages. Trachoma status, sex and age were recorded for all household members. Adult household members were surveyed about access to clean water and toilets, and knowledge of trachoma risk factors. Associations between cases of active trachoma per household and environmental risk factors were evaluated using generalised estimating equations.
Results: The overall prevalence of active trachoma was 7.1% (95% CI 5.0-9.6%), but 19.5% (95% CI13.7-26.4%) in children under nine years old. 0.9% (95% CI 0.3-2.0) of participants had trichiasis. Access to a sanitary toilet more than halved the odds of active trachoma (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.74%), however, participants did not appreciate this association.
Conclusion: Access to sanitation was associated with the occurrence of active trachoma. Future research should focus on whether improving knowledge of and access to sanitation might reduce trachoma prevalence.
Keywords: Environmental risk factors; trachoma; Gashoho Health District; Burundi.
Bacteriospermia, extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria and other factors associated with male infertility in Mwanza, Tanzania: a need of diagnostic bacteriology for management of male infertility
Authors: Silago Vitus , Mukama Yusuph , L Haule Anna , Chacha Frank , Igenge John , F Mushi Martha , E Mshana Stephen 
Published: October 2020

Background: Infections caused by Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacterial are global challenge. There is limited information on the magnitude of bacteriospermia, ESBL producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing bacte- riospermia and factors associated with male infertility. This study determined magnitude of bacteriospermia, ESBL-GNB and other factors association with infertility among presumptive infertile men in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between May 2017 and July 2018 among 137 presumptive infer- tile men. Semen specimens were self-collected by masturbation into clean, sterile and none-spermicidal containers and processed following laboratory standard operating procedures (SOPs). Data analysis was done using STATA 13.0.
Results: Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (86.4%), of which 31.6% were ESBL producers. In a total 44 bacteria were isolated from semen culture. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 75% of phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers. Infertility was independently found to be associated with abnormal spermatozoa morphology (OR (95%CI): 14.48(3.17-66.05)) and abnormal spermatozoa motility (OR (95%CI): 0.05(0.01-0.24)). However, neither bacteriospermia (OR (95%CI): 0.86(0.29- 2.59)) nor ESBL bacteriospermia (OR (95%CI): 0.13(0.01-1.22)) was found to be associated with infertility.
Conclusion: One third of bacteriospermia is due to ESBL-producers with history of antibiotic use being protective factor for infertility. Abnormal spermatozoa morphology and poor spermatozoa forward motility independently predicted infertility.
Keywords: Bacteriospermia; blaCTX-M; male infertility; extended spectrum beta lactamase; Mwanza; Tanzania.
Pumpkin seed oil alleviates oxidative stress and liver damage induced by sodium nitrate in adult rats: biochemical and histological approach
Authors: Rouag Meriem , Berrouague Salma , Djaber Nesrine , Khaldi Taha , Boumendjel Mahieddine , Taibi Faiza , Abdennour Cherif , Boumendjel Amel , Messarah Mahfoud 
Published: October 2020

Background: Nitrate (NO3) is the most common chemical contaminant in the world’s ground water aquifer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in NO3 toxicity on non-target organism.
Objectives: The current study aimed to elucidate the potential protective effect of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin seed oil, PSO) against hepatotoxicity induced by sodium nitrate.
Methods: Wistar rats were exposed either to NaNO3 (200 mg/kg bw) in drinking water in drinking water, or to 4ml PSO/kg bw by gavage or to their combination. Oxidative stress parameters, biochemical biomarkers and liver histopathological examination were determined.
Results: Our data showed that the exposure of rats to NaNO3 caused significant changes of some haematological parameters compared to the control. In addition, there was a significant elevation of the levels of biochemical markers as that of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase when compared with the control. Furthermore, exposure of rats to NaNO3 induced liver oxidative stress as indicated by the increase of malondialdehyde, pro- gressive oxidation of protein products and protein carbonyl levels. In addition, a reduction in anti-oxidant status (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and vitamin C) was observed.
Conclusion: Co-administration of PSO to the NaNO3 restored most parameters cited above to near-normal values. Therefore, the present investigation revealed the ability of PSO to attenuate NaNO3-induced oxidative damage.
Keywords: Sodium nitrate; Telfairia occidentalis; pumpkin seed oil; hepatotoxicity; oxidative stress; protection; anti-oxidant status, rat.
Use of sachet alcohol and sexual behaviour among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Arasi Oluwaseunfunmi , Ajuwon Ademola 
Published: October 2020

Background: Availability and affordability of sachet liquor has significantly increased adolescents’ access to alcohol in Nigeria. This study investigated use of sachet alcohol and sexual behavior among adolescents in Ibadan South-East Local Government Area(IBSE-LGA), Oyo state, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with three-stage random sampling technique to select 390 ad- olescents in IBSE-LGA, Oyo state; using quantitative and qualitative instruments(5 IDIs).
Results: There were more male adolescents (61.8%); with 14.7±2.6 as mean age; equal proportion of early (10–14years) and late(15–19years) adolescents. Findings show that about 16% of the respondents have not completed Primary School edu- cation; half(50%) of the respondents had ever taken alcohol, while 39.5% are current users of sachet alcohol (more males, older adolescents and working class). Many respondents are sexually active(30.5%), out of which 63% did not use any pro- tection in their last sex episode, and 33.6% tok sachet alcohol before sex. There was an association between sachet alcohol use and risky sexual behaviours(p<0.05). Participants of IDI believe alcohol boosts sexual performance.
Conclusion: Sex, age and school/work status were related to alcohol use among adolescents. Higher proportion of the adolescents associated alcohol use with heightened sexual performance. Health education strategies (public enlightenment, peer education and life skills training) against adolescent alcohol use is recommended.
Keywords: Sachet alcohol; risky sexual behavior; Adolescents.
Unorthodox ophthalmic preparations on the Ghanaian market: a potential risk for ocular and enteric infections
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Dogbadze Eric , Tagoh Selassie , Mwanza Estele 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Microbial contamination of orthodox ophthalmic preparations poses a serious threat to the user by causing ocular infections. There is no such information about unorthodox ophthalmic preparations in a medical pluralistic system such as Ghana. The aim of this study was to assess unorthodox ophthalmic medications on the Ghanaian market for possible microbial contaminations.
Methods: Unorthodox ophthalmic preparations were collected across different herbal and homeopathic outlets in Ghana. A total of 27 samples were collected from the ten (10) regions in Ghana. The samples were inoculated in different culture media (Plate count Agar, Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar, Saboraud Dextrose Agar). The microorganisms isolated were identified using standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility was done to determine whether they were resistant or sus- ceptible strains.
Results: All the samples were contaminated with bacteria and the majority were contaminated with fungus. A total of for- ty-eight bacteria spp. was isolated thus seven different types namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilli spp., Serrati spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Shigella spp. with Staphylococcus aureus being the predominant bacteria. For fungi, a total of elev- en fungi species thus four different types namely: Cephalosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Cercosporium spp. and Clasdosporium spp. with the predominant fungi being Penicillium spp. Per the class of preparations, 15 contaminants were isolated from ten (10) anti-in- flammatory preparations. The fungi were all susceptible to both Ketoconazole and Fluconazole but the bacteria were resistant to all the conventional antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin.
Conclusion: Unorthodox ophthalmic preparations found on the Ghanaian market are contaminated with bacteria and fungi of clinical importance.
Keywords: Risk of infections; unorthodox medicine; ocular infection; corneal ulcers; fungal keratitis.