bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitation with a grain of salt: reduced pollinator visitation is an indirect cost of association with the foundation species creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)
Authors: Braun Jenna , Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: September 2020

PremiseIn arid ecosystems, shrub facilitation is a critical process driving plant community structure and assembly, often resulting in increased densities of annual plants beneath shrub canopies. Pollinator‐mediated interactions can have fitness consequences for both plant interactors but are largely unexplored as an indirect consequence of direct shrub‐annual facilitation.MethodsWe tested the capacity of the geographically widespread creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) to influence pollinator visitation to its annual understory during its phenological shift into spring flowering. We used small video cameras to record pollinator visitation and foraging behavior on potted transplants of a representative flowering annual. We concurrently evaluated L. tridentata’s positive role as a foundation plant in this system by measuring the associated plant and arthropod communities and deploying data loggers to measure understory microclimates.ResultsPollinator visitation to the flowering annual desert dandelion, Malacothrix glabrata, was lower when beneath the canopy of L. tridentata, and further declined throughout the study site as L. tridentata entered full bloom. We confirmed the role of L. tridentata as a foundation species in this system through its concurrent, positive effects on annual plant cover (a proxy for biomass), the abundance and richness of the understory arthropod community and its ability to create stable microclimates.ConclusionsDirect and indirect shrub effects on other species function simultaneously to shift net outcomes even within predominantly net positive facilitation complexes.
Environmental Surface Hygiene in the OR: Strategies for Reducing the Transmission of Health Care–Associated Infections
Authors: Branch Russ , Amiri Azita 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTHealth care–associated infections (HAIs) cost billions of dollars annually in the United States and cause patient morbidity and mortality. There is increasing evidence that environmental surfaces in the OR setting, including anesthesia work areas, can harbor pathogens that can lead to HAIs. Patient‐care equipment used routinely in the OR, such as electrocardiograph wires, blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximetry probes, and monitor cables, can become contaminated with pathogens during surgical procedures; without proper cleaning and disinfection between procedures, these items pose a risk for pathogen transmission and subsequent patient infections. This article discusses the association between contaminated surfaces in the OR and the risk for HAIs. It is essential that perioperative nurses, environmental services personnel, anesthesia technicians, and anesthesia professionals properly disinfect environmental surfaces to prevent HAIs.
Achieving the desired state of conservation for East Rennell, Solomon Islands: Progress, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Kiddle Gabriel Luke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEast Rennell was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2013. Threats to the site's Outstanding Universal Value include logging, mining, invasive species, and climate change. The site is unlikely to be removed unless actions identified in the 2015 Desired state of conservation for removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger (DSOCR) are implemented. While the Solomon Islands Government has taken some steps towards implementing the DSOCR, overall progress has been minimal, partly due to competing priorities and lack of resources. Consequently, it is unlikely that the DSOCR will be achieved by the target date of 2021. East Rennellese have received little financial benefit from the site's listing and their support for World Heritage may be wavering. To be effective, World Heritage conservation measures must be aligned with local peoples' aspirations and priorities, which include improving livelihoods and preserving culture.
Hemocyanin and hexamerins expression in response to hypoxia in stoneflies (Plecoptera, Insecta)
Authors: Gamboa Maribet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany freshwater ecosystems worldwide undergo hypoxia events that can trigger physiological, behavioral, and molecular responses in many organisms. Among such molecular responses, the regulation of the hemocyanin (Hc) protein expression which plays a major role in oxygen transportation within aquatic insects remains poorly understood. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) are aquatic insects that possess a functional Hc in the hemolymph similar to crustacean that co‐occurs with a nonfunctional Hc protein, hexamerins (Hx). However, the role of both proteins during hypoxia remains undetermined. Here, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia on the expression of Hc and Hx proteins via a comparison between hypoxia and normoxia amino acid sequence variation and protein expression pattern within 23 stonefly species. We induced short‐term hypoxia in wild‐caught stoneflies species, sequenced the target region of Hc and Hx by complementary DNA synthesis, characterized the protein biochemistry using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultrafiltration, and polarographic fluorometric method, and amplified the genome region of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional response element that regulated Hc using genome walking library approach. We found a lack of Hc expression in all examined species during hypoxia conditions, despite recognition of the HIF gene region as a possible regulatory factor of Hc, suggesting that compensatory responses as metabolic changes or behavioral tracheal movements to enhance respiratory efficiency could be possible mechanics to compensate for hypoxia. A short Hc‐like novel isoform was detected instead in these 23 species, possibly due to either protein degradation or alternative splicing mechanisms, suggesting that the protein could be performing a different function other than oxygen transportation. Hx during hypoxia was expressed and exhibited species‐level amino acid changes, highlighting a possible role during hypoxia. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia could enable a similar potential adaptive response of multiple species regarding specific physiological requirements, thereby shedding light on community behavior in stress environments that may help us to improve conservation practices and biomonitoring.
Polymer Nanocomposite‐based Coatings for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Peng Tingyu , Xiao Ruihou , Rong Zhenyang , Liu Haibo , Hu Qunyi , Wang Shuhua , Li Xu , Zhang Jianming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorrosion of metals induces enormous loss of material performance and increase of cost, which has been a common and intractable issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Coating technology has been acknowledged to be the most economic and efficient approach to retard the metal corrosion. For several decades, polymers have been recognized as an effective anticorrosion coating material in both industries and scientific communities, as they demonstrate good barrier properties, ease of altering properties and massive production. Nanomaterials show distinctively different physical and chemical properties compared with their bulk counterparts, which have been considered as highly promising functional materials in various applications, impacting virtually all the fields of science and technologies. Recently, the introduction of nanomaterials with various properties into polymer matrix to form a polymer nanocomposite has been devoted to improve anticorrosive ability of polymer coatings. In this review article, we highlight the recent advances and synopsis of these high‐performance polymer nanocomposites as anticorrosive coating materials. We expect that this work could be helpful for the researchers who are interested in the development of functional nanomaterials and advanced corrosion protection technology.
A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Vasa Roma A. , Keefer Amy , McDonald Rachel G. , Hunsche Michelle C. , Kerns Connor M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch on anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has burgeoned in the past 15 years. Most of the research has focused on school‐age children, ages 6 to 18 years. Yet, recent studies suggest that anxiety can emerge in young children, under 6 years, with ASD. This scoping review synthesized the literature on anxiety in young children with ASD. Three domains of anxiety research were reviewed: (a) prevalence/severity, phenomenology, and course; (b) correlates; and (c) treatment. Four online databases were searched from the start of the database until March 2020. Keywords pertaining to anxiety, autism, and young children were entered. The search identified 44 articles for inclusion. These studies varied with respect to sample source, informants, and measures to assess anxiety. The overall prevalence of anxiety ranged from 1.6 to 62%. Sixteen of 17 studies found that young children with ASD had higher levels of anxiety compared to various control groups. A variety of DSM anxiety symptoms and disorders were present in young children with the most common symptoms being specific, social, and generalized fears. Correlates of anxiety included sensory over‐responsivity, sleep disturbance, aggression/defiance, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Three cognitive behavioral treatment studies for anxiety and one developmental intervention targeting ASD symptoms showed promise in reducing anxiety. Findings indicate an early emergence of anxiety in some children with ASD. Further research on the measurement, pathophysiology, and treatment of anxiety in early childhood is critical to improving outcomes in children with ASD.Lay summaryThis scoping review synthesizes the literature on anxiety in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results indicate that children with ASD have higher levels of anxiety than children without ASD. Potential factors that could be contributing to anxiety include sensory, sleep, and behavioral problems. Preliminary studies show that anxiety can improve with cognitive behavioral treatment. These findings suggest that research on anxiety in young children with ASD should be prioritized to improve mental health outcomes.
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of two dendritic molecules based on naphthalimide and triphenylamine
Authors: Cheng Huan‐ren , Zhou Zhi‐yu , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shuai , Qian Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial light‐harvesting systems have attracted great interest in biological photosynthesis and photo‐voltaic devices areas due to their unique structures, easy purification, low‐cost, and convenient processing abilities. Here, two dendritic molecules based on triphenylamine and naphthalimide have been designed and synthesized, their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, and high resolution mass spectrometry. In these molecules, triphenylamine units perform as the electron donor moiety, and naphthalimide units perform as the electron acceptor. The obvious quenched fluorescence intensity and considerably shortened lifetime of the dendritic molecules combined with the molecular frontier orbital energy levels proved that the dendritic molecules not only are good candidates as hole‐transporting materials but also are two excellent photo‐induced electron transfer materials. Therefore, it is believed that these dendritic molecules have potential application value in photo‐voltaic devices.
Pseudomonas as Versatile Aromatics Cell Factory
Authors: Schwanemann Tobias , Otto Maike , Wierckx Nick , Wynands Benedikt 
Published: September 2020

Aromatics and their derivatives are valuable chemicals with a plethora of important applications and thus play an integral role in modern society. Their current production relies mostly on the exploitation of petroleum resources. Independency from dwindling fossil resources and rising environmental concerns are major driving forces for the transition towards the production of sustainable aromatics from renewable feedstocks or waste streams. Whole‐cell biocatalysis is a promising strategy that allows the valorization of highly abundant, low‐cost substrates. In the last decades, extensive efforts are undertaken to allow the production of a wide spectrum of different aromatics and derivatives using microbes as biocatalysts. Pseudomonads are intriguing hosts for biocatalysis, as they display unique characteristics beneficial for the production of aromatics, including a distinct tolerance and versatile metabolism.This review highlights biotechnological applications of Pseudomonas as host for the production of aromatics and derived compounds. This includes their de novo biosynthesis from renewable resources, biotransformations in single‐ and biphasic fermentation setups, metabolic funneling of lignin‐derived aromatics, and the upcycling of aromatic monomers from plastic waste streams. Additionally, this review provides insights into unique features of Pseudomonads that make them exceptional hosts for aromatics biotechnology and discusses engineering strategies.
Time will tell: Decision making in premanifest and manifest Huntington’s disease
Authors: Heim Beatrice , Peball Marina , Saft Carsten , von Hein Sarah Maria , Ellmerer Philipp , Piater Johanna Maria , Seppi Klaus , Djamshidian Atbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate cognitive flexibility in premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD).BackgroundHD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities with typical motor symptoms. In this study, we wanted to assess decision making in premanifest (pre‐HD) and manifest HD patients.MethodsA total of 77 non‐demented subjects including 29 pre‐HD, 22 manifest HD patients, and 26 healthy controls (HC) were included. We stratified the pre‐HD group based on their estimated years to disease onset into a far (FAR, n = 13) and a near (NEAR, n = 16) group. Furthermore, participants performed the Montreal cognitive assessment battery (MoCA), the trail making task part A and B (TMT A, TMT B), the Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and the beads task.ResultsIn the beads task, HD patients gathered less information than all other groups (all p‐values < .001). Furthermore, the NEAR group gathered less information than the FAR group (p < .001) and HC (p = .001). There was no difference between the HC and the FAR group (p = 1.0). In the TMT and the SDMT, HD patients were slower than all other groups (all p‐values < .01) but there were no other significant differences.ConclusionsDecision making with a higher degree of uncertainty may be an early neuropsychological sign to indicate the disease process prior to reaching criteria for motor diagnosis of HD.
Sustainable development and financial institutions: Do banks' environmental policies influence customer deposits?
Authors: Galletta Simona , Mazzù Sebastiano , Naciti Valeria , Vermiglio Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the environmental policies taken by financial institutions and the choice of depositors on where to save their money. Prior research has shown that increases in the number of customers making deposits are driven by bank pricing policy and switching costs for depositors. By employing a dynamic panel data model, this study empirically tests how environmental performance influences the depositors' choice on where to put their money in a sample of worldwide financial institutions from 2011 to 2018. The main results suggest that there is a negative relationship between banks' environmental performance and customers' deposits. Furthermore, the banks that are the best at managing carbon emissions and at pursuing sustainable development pay lower interest rates on customer deposits.
Diagnostic significance and carcinogenic mechanism of pan‐cancer gene POU5F1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Dingdong , Zhang Xiaokang , Tu Jiancheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic and clinicopathological significance of POU Class 5 Homeobox 1 (POU5F1) among various cancers are disputable heretofore. The diagnostic value and functional mechanism of POU5F1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) have not been studied thoroughly.MethodsAn integrative strategy of meta‐analysis, bioinformatics, and wet‐lab approach was used to explore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of POU5F1 in various types of tumors, especially in LIHC. Meta‐analysis was utilized to investigate the impact of POU5F1 on prognosis and clinicopathological parameters in various cancers. The expression level and diagnostic value of POU5F1 were assessed by qPCR in plasma collected from LIHC patients and controls. The correlation between POU5F1 and tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in LIHC was evaluated by CIBERSORT. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed based on TCGA. Hub genes and related pathways were identified on the basis of co‐expression genes of POU5F1.ResultsElevated POU5F1 was associated with poor OS, DFS, RFS, and DSS in various cancers. POU5F1 was confirmed as an independent risk factor for LIHC and correlated with tumor occurrence, stage, and invasion depth. The combination of POU5F1 and AFP in plasma was with high diagnostic validity (AUC = 0.902, p < .001). Specifically, the level of POU5F1 was correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes in LIHC. GSEA indicated that POU5F1 participated in multiple cancer‐related pathways and cell proliferation pathways. Moreover, CBX3, CCHCR1, and NFYC were filtered as the central hub genes of POU5F1.ConclusionOur study identified POU5F1 as a pan‐cancer gene that could not only be a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in various cancers, especially in LIHC, but functionally carcinogenic in LIHC.
Hybrid treatment of aortic aneurism, type‐A dissection, and aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Lunardi Mattia , Franzese Ilaria , Faggian Giuseppe , Ribichini Flavio L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybrid multidisciplinary interventions are attractive care options for heart valve and vascular diseases in high‐risk patients. We describe the feasibility of staged hybrid aortic arch repair to treat a type Ia endoleak and transcatheter aortic valve replacement to treat an aortic valve stenosis, achieving an escape strategy to treat an unexpected type‐A aortic dissection.
Unique microstructure, physical, and pasting properties of rice grains produced in Thai upland area
Authors: Theanjumpol Parichat , Chang‐Rue Viboon , Kim Sang Moo , Rattanapanone Nithiya , Maniwara Phonkrit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesUpland rice has unique quality derived from diverse growing environment; however, little is known about rice quality cultivated in the uplands of South‐East Asia region. Four highly consumed upland rice varieties are determined their important physical qualities and microstructures.FindingsAll four upland rice varieties exhibit different visual appearance and physical quality especially for color, sphericity, and bulk density of rice grain, and viscosity (peak viscosity ranges from 931 to 3,113 cP; p ≤ .05) of rice flour. Each variety reveals unique structure of aleurone layer and starch granule wherein the granule size and arrangement are notably different among the four varieties.ConclusionsPhysical quality and microstructure are the key features for identifying rice variety cultivated in upland area of Thailand.Significance and noveltyThe four varieties of Thai upland rice grains exhibit different macro‐ and microstructure that are considered a helpful index for variety identification, postharvest handling, and utilization of rice flour.
B←N‐Incorporated Dibenzo‐azaacene with Selective Near‐Infrared Absorption and Visible Transparency
Authors: Min Yang , Cao Xu , Tian Hongkun , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic compounds with selective near‐infrared absorption and visible transparency are very desirable for fabrication of transparent/semitransparent optoelectronic devices. Herein, we develop a molecule with selective near‐infrared absorption property, QBNA‐O, in which four B←N units are incorporated to the core and two benzodioxin groups are introduced at the termini of the dibenzo‐azaacene skeleton. QBNA‐O exhibits a small optical gap of 1.39 eV due to the strong electron‐donating benzodioxin groups and the strong electron‐withdrawing B←N units. In toluene solution, QBNA‐O shows a strong absorption peak at 856 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 41 nm as well as very weak absorption in the visible range from 380 nm to 760 nm. Thin films of QBNA‐O exhibit the average visible transparency (AVT) of 78 % at the thickness of 205 nm and 90 % at the thickness of 45 nm. Solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) of QBNA‐O display ambipolar transporting behavior with the electron mobility of 0.52 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the hole mobility of 0.013 cm2 V−1 s−1 together with excellent air‐stability. The selective NIR absorbing property and excellent charge transporting property imply that QBNA‐O can be used to fabricate transparent organic optoelectronic devices.
Photocatalytic Carboxylation of Phenyl Halides with CO2 by Metal‐Organic Frameworks Materials
Authors: Su Lina , Zhang Yin , Qiu Xueying , Han Jianyu , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

Main observation and conclusionIn this work, important commercial pharmaceutical intermediates, phenylpropionic acid compounds, are successfully obtained by catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide with phenyl halides using MOF‐5, a typical metal‐organic framework (MOF) material. The influence of temperature, pressure, catalyst type and light on the reaction is investigated, and a 90.3% selectivity towards fluorophenylpropionic acid is reached. Significantly, the catalysts are effective for varied benzyl compounds containing different substituent groups. The catalysts are stable and remain active after three cycles.
Exosomal vimentin from adipocyte progenitors accelerates wound healing
Authors: Parvanian Sepideh , Yan Fuxia , Su Dandan , Coelho‐Rato Leila S. , Venu Arun P. , Yang Peiru , Zou Xiaoheng , Jiu Yaming , Chen Hongbo , Eriksson John E. , Cheng Fang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdipose stem cell‐derived exosomes have great potential in accelerating cutaneous wound healing by optimizing fibroblast activities. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an active role in the transport of functional cytoskeletal proteins such as vimentin. Previously we showed that vimentin serves as a coordinator of the healing process. Therefore, we hypothesized that vimentin incorporated into the exosomes may contribute to mediate fibroblast activities in wound healing. Our results revealed that exosomal vimentin from adipocyte progenitor cells acts as a promoter of fibroblast proliferation, migration, and ECM secretion. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo experiments provide evidence that exosomal vimentin shortens the healing time and reduces scar formation. These findings suggest the reciprocal roles of exosomes and vimentin in accelerating wound healing. Exosomes can serve as an efficient transportation system to deliver and internalize vimentin into target cells, while vimentin could have an impact on exosome transportation, internalization, and cell communication.