bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of phenolic compound isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula on HeLa cell
Authors: Soumya K. , James Jesna , Archana T. M. , Dhanya A. T. , Shahid A. P. , Sudheesh S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
DNA in a human cell is subjected to constant assault from both environmental factors and normal metabolic processes. Accumulation of DNA damage drives the progression of many health disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Results
The present study focuses on the isolation of phenolic compound from the fruit of Terminalia chebula and its protective role on induced DNA damage. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula fruit were subjected to column chromatographic purification, and the fractions obtained were tested for the presence of phenolics. Fraction-12 isolated from diethyl ether extract was identified as gallic acid, which is used for cytotoxic and DNA damage protection activity assays. To select a non-toxic concentration of isolated compound, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Gallic acid showed moderate toxicity at the highest concentration tested (i.e., percentage cell viability at 100 μg/ml is 40.51 ± 1.31). Antigenotoxic effect of gallic acid on HeLa cells was carried by alkaline comet assay. The compound showed significant protective abilities against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in HeLa cells.

Conclusion
These results show the importance of gallic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula fruit, as protector of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage.
Por que Literatura Africana de Expressão Grega: enfrentando uma questão
Authors: De Lima Fernanda Lemos 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo objetiva destacar a expressão grega existente na Literatura africana, ao mesmo tempo que evidencia um posicionamento sobre os conteúdos literários por vezes segregados do âmbito da Literatura Africana por estarem atrelados a nomes comumente associados ao mundo helênico. Desse modo, propõe-se ultrapassar não apenas as concepções sobre o que define a literatura africana de expressão grega para além da utilização da língua grega, na qual o conteúdo literário fora produzido, mas também se busca evidenciar que os encontros ocorridos entre etnias na África da Antiguidade não deixam de serem demonstrados nessa literatura, como percebido no “romance grego”, apontando assim a troca entre essas culturas e como ela se tornaram próximas e, às vezes, extremamente inter-relacionadas. Contudo, as abordagens histórico-literárias deixam de transparecer essa imbricação ao rotulá-las como “gregas” ou seus autores como “gregos de”. Diante de um complexo contexto, coloca-se a questão central para a reflexão: em que medida a literatura feita no chamado período Alexandrino/Helenístico pode ser considerada ou rotulada apenas de “grega”? A partir dessa indagação, vamos retornar a Heródoto e a teóricos como Maria Regina Cândido e Susan Stephens para destrinchar o tema.
Pengaruh Komposisi Pada Minyak Telon Terhadap Uji Indeks Bias Dengan Meinggunakan Refraktometer Tipe Way Abbe
Authors: Solarbesain Frengky Hutama Putra , Pudjihastuti Isti 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks bias Minyak Ttelon dengan komposisi yang berbeda-beda. Pembuatan minyak telon dari campuran kelapa dan minyak atsiri (minyak adas dan kayu putih) dengan variasi komposisi Minyak kayu putih : minyak kelapa : minyak adas. Hasil di uji indeks biasnya menggunakan refraktometer dan organoleptik. Hasil indeks bias yang didapat sampel Pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15) yaitu 1,4510 D, Sampel kedua dengan komposisi minyak telon (15:10:20) yaitu 1,4465 D, dan sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20) yaitu 1,4468 D. Dari hasil uji organoleptik di dapatkan minyak telon yang lebih disukai yaitu pada sampel pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15), dan minyak telon yang kurang disukai yaitu pada sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20). Pada Uji Organoleptik sampel minyak telon yang disukai yaitu sampel satu lebih dengan komposisi minyak kayu putih 20 ml, minyak kelapa 20 ml dan minyak adas 15 ml lebih disukai dimbandingkan yang lainnya. Dari segi aroma khas minyak telon lebih kuat tercium, untuk warnanya bening dan pada saat dioleskan pada kulit terasa hangat. Research aims to find the refractive index of Ttelon Oil with different composition. The manufacture of telon oil from coconut and essential oil mixture (fennel oil and eucalyptus) with variation of composition of eucalyptus oil: coconut oil: fennel oil. Results in the refractive index test using refractometer and organoleptic. The result of refractive index obtained First sample with the composition of oil telon (20:20:15) that is 1.4510 D, second sample with the composition of oil telon (15:10:20) that is 1.4465 D, and the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20) that is 1.4468 D. From the results of organoleptic test in obtain the preferred telon oil that is in the first sample with the composition of telon oil (20:20:15), and the oil is less favored telon that is in the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20). In the preferred Organoleptic Test the preferred sample of telon oil is one more sample with a 20 ml eucalyptus oil composition, 20 ml coconut oil and 15 ml fennel oil preferably compared to the others. In terms of distinctive aroma of telon oil more strong smell, for the color is clear and at the time applied to the skin was warm.
Sintesa Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jathropa Curcas Oil) dan Aplikasinya pada Proses Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Authors: Nugroho Amin , Buchori Luqman 
Published: November 2019

Konsumsi minyak bumi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, sementara produksinya cenderung mengalami penurunan. Produksi minyak bumi dapat ditingkatkan dengan oil recovery. Sejak tahun 1980, teknik Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) dengan menggunakan surfaktan sebagai penginjeksi (surfactant flooding) merupakan salah satu teknik yang paling berhasil untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Surfaktan dapat dibuat dari bahan alami, salah satunya dari minyak jarak pagar. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu reaksi dan pengaruh penambahan metanol terhadap metil ester sulfonat (MES, surfaktan) yang dihasilkan dalam operasi sulfonasi. Surfaktan yang diperoleh kemudian diaplikasikan dalam proses EOR. Proses pembuatan MES dari minyak biji jarak dilakukan melalui 2 tahapan yaitu proses esterfikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis batu dolomite. Metil ester (ME) yang diperoleh kemudian disulfonasi untuk mendapatkan MES. Konsentrasi surfaktan anionik dalam produk dianalisa dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MES yang memiliki kandungan surfaktan anionik paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 90 menit dan penambahan metanol dengan konsentrasi 40%wt yaitu sebesar 55,464 mg/L. Uji kompatibilitas didapatkan larutan berwarna keruh (koloid), sedangkan tegangan antarmukanya sebesar 17,71 dyne/cm dan tegangan antarmuka pada suhu 80oC adalah 26,57 dyne/cm. Petroleum consumption has increased from year to year, while production tends to decline. Petroleum production can be increased by oil recovery. Since 1980, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique using surfactants as injectors (surfactant flooding) is one of the most successful techniques for increasing oil production. Surfactants can be made from natural ingredients, one of them from jatropha oil. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of reaction time and the effect of adding methanol to methyl ester sulfonate (MES, surfactant) produced in sulfonation operations. The surfactants obtained are then applied in the EOR process. The process of MES production from castor oil is carried out through 2 stages, namely esterfication and transesterification with dolomite catalyst. Methyl esters (ME) were obtained then sulfonated to obtain MES. The concentration of anionic surfactants in the product was analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the MES which had the highest anionic surfactant content was obtained at the reaction time of 90 minutes and the addition of methanol with a concentration of 40% wt was 55.464 mg/L. Compatibility test obtained colloidal colored solution (colloid), while surface tension was 17.71 dyne/cm and surface tension at 80oC was 26.57 dyne/cm.
On zero-divisors of semimodules and semialgebras
Authors: Nasehpour Peyman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We prove McCoy’s property for the zero-divisors of polynomials in semirings, investigate the zero-divisors of semimodules and prove that under suitable conditions, the monoid semimodule

M
⁢

[
G
]

{M[G]}

has very few zero-divisors if and only if the S-semimodule M does so.
The concept of Auslander semimodules is introduced as well.
Then we introduce Ohm–Rush and McCoy semialgebras and prove some interesting results for prime ideals of monoid semirings.
Finally, we investigate the set of zero-divisors of McCoy semialgebras.
We also introduce strong Krull primes for semirings and investigate their extension in semialgebras.
Jehu’s Slaughter of Judah’s Royal Family at Beth-Eked (2 Kings 10:13–14): A Closer Look
Authors: Quine Cat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Why were the brothers of king Ahaziah at Beth-Eked in Israel, following the deaths of king Ahaziah and his northern ally, king Joram? This paper takes a closer look at the events of Beth-Eked in 2Kgs 10:13–14 and proposes that the brothers of Ahaziah represent a Judahite delegation seeking to maintain שׁלום with the Omrides in response to Jehu’s coup. If so, then Olyan’s observation of the ironic use of שׁלום in 2Kgs 9 should be extended to 2Kgs 10. In addition, it suggests that Jehu’s slaughter of the Judahites at Beth-Eked was the major turning point in the breaking of the Omride-Judahite alliance, rather than the initial deaths of the two kings.
How Deterministic is Qohelet? A New Reading of the Appendix to the Catalogue of Times
Authors: Samet Nili 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the message of Qohelet’s Catalogue of Times and its interpretive appendix. Scholars disagree on the extent to which this unit deviates from the traditional free-will theology of the Bible. The paper presents a fresh reading of the passage, which sheds new light on the problem of determinism in Qohelet. Beginning by a novel delineation for the unit, it then suggests fresh solutions for the main exegetical cruxes of the passage (3:14, 15, 17), and finally presents an innovative, somewhat radical, understanding of Qohelet’s approach towards the problem of free will.
Women’s Property Rights in Egypt and the Law of Levirate Marriage in the LXX
Authors: Verburg Jelle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
If, as theorists of reception studies have argued, readers respond to the meanings that a text has accumulated in the past, this begs the question what the translators of the »first« translation of the Torah, the LXX, responded to. This paper presents a case study of the LXX of Deuteronomy 25:5–6, and argues that the translation is best understood if we assume that the translators were not just transferring a text form one language into another, but were also interacting with a tradition of interpretation and the extensive inheritance rights of women in Egypt.
4Q96 (4QPso) Frag. 3 (PAM 43.680 42) and Another Variant in Ps 115:3
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A hitherto unidentified Qumran Cave 4 fragment should be assigned to 4Q96 (4QPso), and attests to a textual variant which probably reflects a different word order in Ps 115:3.
Banishing “Black/White Thinking”: A Trio of Teaching Tricks
Authors: Born Richard T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiterally hundreds of statisticians have rightly called for an end to statistical significance testing (Amrhein et al., 2019; Wasserstein et al., 2019). But the practice of arbitrarily thresholdingpvalues is not only deeply embedded in statistical practice, it is also congenial to the human mind. It is thus not sufficient to tell our students, “Don’t do this.” We must vividly show them why the practice is wrong and its effects detrimental to scientific progress. I offer three teaching examples I have found to be useful in prompting students to think more deeply about the problem and to begin to interpret the results of statistical procedures as measures of how evidence should change our beliefs, and not as bright lines separating truth from falsehood.
Fruit Morphological Characteristics and β-carotene Content of Three Indonesian Dessert and Cooking Banana Cultivars
Authors: Sunandar Ari , Kurniasih Dedeh 
Published: November 2019

Approximately, 325 cultivars of bananas were found in Indonesia. They have variation in shape, taste, color of fruit pulp, essential vitamins and mineral. The β-carotene is one of essential nutrient in banana with various concentration in every cultivar. The aims of this research were to describe the morphological characteristics and to analyze β-carotene content of mature fruits of three different genomic groups of Indonesian dessert and cooking banana cultivars namely Berlin (AA/dessert), Barangan (AAA/dessert), and Kepok (ABB/cooking). Morphological characterizations of fruits were conducted according to Descriptor for Banana from International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. The β-carotene content of mature banana pulp was analyzed using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with three replications. Banana fruit characters were analyzed based on 15 descriptors. The bananas were then subjected to clustering analysis. The result showed that β-carotene content were 27 μg 100g-1, 5 µg 100g-1, and 3 μg 100g-1 fresh weight respectively. Berlin showed the highest value of β-carotene. Cluster analyses formed two groups. The first group consists of Berlin and Barangan while the second one consists of Kepok. This study can be used as a a reference for people to consume bananas with high content of β-carotene in meeting the needs of vitamin A and as a consideration for the plant breeding especially for β-carotene improvement purpose.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE IN ORGANIC WASTE BURNING PROCESS ON THE COMBUSTION RATE
Authors: Naryono Eko , Budiono Arief , Santosa Sandra 
Published: November 2019

The combustion process of organic waste has several drawback which produce flue gases containing pollutants SO2, HCl, tar and heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cr). The pollutants can be removed from the flue gas using a water scrubber. The process of absorption using the water scrubber can cause a rise in pressure in the combustion chamber.This research aims to study the effect of combustion process pressure of organic waste on the combustion rate. The research was conducted by burning waste in the reactor at various flow rate of combustion air. The exhaust gases of combustion then flowed into ihe water scrubber that the height varied. The change in pressure and combustion rate of each variation of the air flow rate and the height of the water scrubber was measured. According to the results, it was obtained the correlation of combustion pressure to the combustion rate was y = 0,844e-0,2X, where y = the combustion rate (kg/min) and x = combustion pressure (gauge, mm H2O). In addition, the increase in combustion pressure up to 21 mm of water, caused a reduction in combustion temperatures up to 50 ° C, while the combustion rate decreased to one-tenth from atmospheric combustion.
Determination of The Rotational Friction Coefficients of Solid Cylinder with Various Inclined Plane Angle
Authors: Firdaus T. , Toifur M. , Pramudya Y. 
Published: November 2019

The layer texture differences of an object have an influence on the friction force caused by both planes. This research aims to determine the static and kinetic friction coefficient on several solid cylinder materials. The benefits of this research can be used to develop experimental learning activities on friction coefficient. This research used experimental method. The research was carried out by rolling samples at various inclined plane angles and measuring the traveled distance traveled in one rotation (D). The results showed that the static and kinetic friction coefficients between aluminum cylinder and glass were 0.146 and 0.097, iron cylinder and glass were 0.136 and 0.096, glass cylinder and brass were 0.132 and 0.094, nylon cylinder and glass were 0.101 and 0.090, and stainsless cylinder and glass were 0.122 and 0.094, respectively.Perbedaan tekstur lapisan sebuah benda mempunyai pengaruh pada gaya gesek yang ditimbulkan oleh kedua bidang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai koefisien gesek statis dan koefisien gesek kinetik pada beberapa bahan silinder pejal. Manfaat yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat digunakan sebagai mengembangkan kegiatan pembelajaran praktikum koefisien gesekan benda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggelindingkan sampel pada berbagai sudut kemiringan dan mengukur jarak tempuh untuk satu kali putaran (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien gesek statis dan koefisien gesek kinetik secara berurutan untuk silinder aluminium dengan kaca sebesar 0,146 dan 0,097, untuk silinder besi dengan kaca sebesar 0,136 dan 0,096, untuk silinder kuningan dengan kaca 0,132 dan 0,094, untuk silinder nylon dengan kaca sebesar 0,101 dan 0,090, dan untuk stainsless dengan kaca sebesar 0,122 dan 0,094.
Software educativo para el aprendizaje creativo del curso “Embriología comparada”
Authors: Villegas García Dedsy Francisca 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 4 de abril de 2011 • Aceptado 26 de agosto de 2011 • Corregido 13 de octubre de 2011

El estudio del que da cuenta este artículo tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la necesidad de un software educativo sobre el proceso de segmentación en animales para promover el aprendizaje creativo de los estudiantes en el curso Embriología comparada, de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador en Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Se apoyó en una investigación de campo de naturaleza descriptiva, los sujetos en estudio fueron 32 estudiantes cursantes de la asignatura durante el lapso académico I-2009. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario en formato tipo Likert, el cual fue validado a través del juicio de expertos y su confiabilidad determinada con el Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los datos fueron recolectados y posteriormente analizados mediante la estadística descriptiva, se construyeron tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes para la presentación de los mismos. Los resultados revelan que existe, entre los estudiantes de Embriología comparada, una muy alta necesidad de contar con un software educativo que permita su aprendizaje creativo, un recurso en formato electrónico adaptado a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.
¿El sentido del humor, tiene sentido en el aula?
Authors: González Ynfante Freddy Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 09 de junio de 2011 • Aceptado 24 de octubre de 2011 • Corregido 27 de setiembre de 2011

El presente ensayo tiene como finalidad reflexionar sobre la importancia del humor pedagógico como estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje en el aula; esto, tomando en cuenta la problemática de desmotivación y aburrimiento que sucede normalmente en la clase. Para plantear si “el enseñar contento y el aprender con alegría” pueden aumentar la eficacia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se abordará cómo, a pesar de las múltiples ventajas que puede aportar el humor en las aulas, se omite su empleo por la existencia de ciertos prejuicios y temores. La idea no es que los docentes hagan el papel de comediantes o payasos, sino la de mediar y acercar la clase de manera pedagógica y didáctica a través del uso del humor, y sobre esto reflexionaba Platón (1992), cuando planteaba que muchas veces ayudaba una broma, en donde la seriedad oponía resistencia.
Un recorrido por la educación actual. Cambios necesarios
Authors: Suárez Valdés-Ayala Zuleyka 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 03 de junio de 2011 • Aceptado 26 de agosto de 2011 • Corregido 09 de noviembre de 2011 Este ensayo pretende sensibilizarnos acerca de los cambios que necesita la educación en la búsqueda constante de calidad y formación de seres integrales. Para ello se mencionan ocho aspectos fundamentales que requieren su aplicación en un mediano o corto plazo, si realmente se quieren avances significativos, sin olvidar que el cambio debe ser permanente.
UTILIZATION OF JELEKONG ART VILLAGE AS RESEARCH SOURCE OF SOCIAL STUDIES: Descriptive Study in Jelekong Art Village
Authors: Niswanti Rahmi 
Published: November 2019

The problem in this study is that there are many educators who are only slaves to the curriculum, where in doing their learning in class, educators do not provide meaningful learning that only focuses on textbooks and without utilizing the surrounding environment as a source of learning. Though the task of the teacher in learning is not limited to the delivery of information to students only, but according to the progress and demands of the times, teachers must understand various effective learning models in order to guide students optimally. Mulyasa (2009, p.21).According to Komalasari (2011, p. 12), the learning process and learning of social studies should be influenced by environmental factors that become environmental inputs and instrumental input is a factor that is intentionally designed to support the teaching and learning process and the output that you want produced. One source of social studies learning that utilizes the surrounding environment is by visiting places that are interesting and can be linked to social studies learning material. This study aims to determine the utilization of Kampung Seni Jelekong as a social science learning resource. The approach used is the approach to research and development (research and development) refers to the 4D model with the stages of define, design, develop and disseminate , but in this study only until the third stage is develop. Data collection techniques by means of documentation studies, interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis process in this study is done by sorting and organizing data . The results of the study show that Jelekong Art Village is suitable for use in social studies learning activities through learning tools in the form of social studies learning modules.
UTILIZATION OF INTERNET CONTENT AS A LEARNING SOURCE OF IPS IN SMP Negeri 9 BANDUNG
Authors: Pratiwi Galuh Candra 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the interest of researchers to see the phenomenon of free internet usage in the SMP Negeri 9 Bandung environment. Students always bring cellphones to school, teachers always use the internet as a learning resource to make it easier for students to understand the material, and the facilities available at school cannot be optimally utilized as social studies learning resources. The method used in the collection of learning data that utilizes the internet as an IPS learning resource through observation, guidelines for observation, interviews, and documentation. The target of this study was class VII-3 of SMP Negeri 9 Bandung. The results of the study show that teachers use the internet as a source of social studies learning to make learning more effective, using the internet will increase the knowledge and insights that students have, the form of internet use in SMP Negeri 9 Bandung, namely the web enhanced course, where the internet is used to support quality in face-to-face learning between teachers and students, there is a positive impact generated through the internet as a social science learning resource, namely students can access learning whenever and wherever, making learning easier so students become independent in seeking information. The negative impact caused for students is to become a plagiarist because they can freely access information, become lazy to learn because they always play games so they forget their obligations as students and students can access content that is not good. Keywords: Internet, Social Studies Learning Resources * Main author