bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing sleep deficit in adolescents: Long‐term effects of a quasi‐experimental school‐based intervention study
Authors: Bauducco Serena Valeria , Flink Ida K. , Boersma Katja , Linton Steven J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdolescents are at risk of sleep deficit, which has serious consequences for their daytime functioning. However, school‐based interventions to improve sleep have shown limited success. This might be due to the content of the programmes (e.g., not targeting central factors such as daytime stress and technology use) or because changes have not been captured due to a lack of long‐term follow‐ups. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of a school‐based sleep education curriculum including time‐management training. The study used a quasi‐experimental design. Participants were 3,622 adolescents (mean age 13.7, 48% girls); 286 were in the intervention group and 3,336 were followed as a natural control group. Data were collected before the intervention and at a 1‐year follow‐up. We divided participants into three groups according to baseline sleep duration (calculated from self‐reported bed‐ and wake times, minus sleep onset latency): insufficient (<7 hr), borderline (7–8 hr) and adequate (>8 hr). Adolescents in the intervention group were ~2 times less likely to report insufficient sleep at follow‐up as compared to controls. Sleep knowledge improved significantly in the intervention group but there were no changes in emotional sleep hygiene (e.g., bedtime worry) and perceived stress. Surprisingly, technology use increased and behavioural sleep hygiene worsened in the intervention group. Although the mechanisms of change need further investigation, the results of this study point to potential long‐term benefits of school‐based sleep programmes.
Determination of a serum total calcium concentration threshold for accurate prediction of ionized hypercalcemia in dogs with and without hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Groth Elizabeth M. , Chew Dennis J. , Lulich Jody P. , Tommet Megan , Rendahl Aaron K. , Husbands Brian D. , Furrow Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTotal serum calcium (tCa) concentrations are poorly predictive of ionized calcium (iCa) status in dogs.HypothesisThere is an optimal threshold of tCa concentration that is highly predictive of ionized hypercalcemia and this threshold is higher in hyperphosphatemic dogs as compared to nonhyperphosphatemic dogs.AnimalsNonhyperphosphatemic (n = 1593) and hyperphosphatemic (n = 250) adult dogs.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of paired tCa and iCa concentration measurements in dogs presented to a university teaching hospital over a 5‐year period. Positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for tCa concentration thresholds of 11.0‐15.0 mg/dL (upper limit of laboratory reference interval = 11.5 mg/dL) in nonhyperphosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic groups.ResultsIn nonhyperphosphatemic dogs, an optimal tCa concentration threshold of 12.0 mg/dL resulted in a positive predictive value of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84%‐98%) and sensitivity of 52% (95% CI, 43%‐61%) for ionized hypercalcemia. An optimal tCa concentration threshold was not identified for hyperphosphatemic dogs. The nonhyperphosphatemic dogs had a higher prevalence of ionized hypercalcemia than the hyperphosphatemic dogs (7 versus 3%, P = .04) and a lower prevalence of ionized hypocalcemia (23 versus 62%, respectively; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigh tCa concentrations are strongly predictive of ionized hypercalcemia in nonhyperphosphatemic adult dogs and should prompt further diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause of hypercalcemia. In this population, dogs without increased tCa concentrations rarely had ionized hypercalcemia, but iCa concentrations still should be evaluated in patients with tCa concentrations within the reference interval if there is clinical suspicion for calcium abnormalities.
Total factor productivity and technical efficiency differences of aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh: Do environmental characteristics matter?
Authors: Mitra Sandip , Khan Md Akhtaruzzaman , Nielsen Rasmus , Islam Nazrul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examines how production environment characteristics affect total factor productivity (TFP) and technical efficiency (TE) in aquaculture farms. Enhancing productivity is important for increasing resource use efficiency, especially in developing countries where improvements in the aquaculture sector can enhance food security for low‐ and middle‐income people and improve farmer livelihood. In the present study, 580 aquaculture farms from different areas of Bangladesh were sampled using stratified random sampling techniques. A Fisher quantity index and data envelopment analysis were used to analyze TFP and TE, respectively. In addition, a rank‐sum test was used to investigate how production environment characteristics affect TFP and TE. The results show that farmers could significantly reduce input while maintaining the same level of output. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the TFP and TE of a farm are significantly affected by environmental characteristics, varying with geographical variation in water availability, color, and plants; feed types; and culture systems. Dissemination of the results through training programs and extension services provided by public or private stakeholders could help extensive pond farmers in developing countries improve productivity and efficiency and thereby help provide food and improve livelihood conditions in developing countries.
Surgical results in women with detrusor underactivity and stress urinary incontinence undergoing suburethral sling procedure—Predictive factors for successful outcome
Authors: Chen Ching‐Jung , Yeoh Soon‐Chin , Yeh Hsin‐Tzu , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo elucidate the treatment results and predictors for successful outcome in women with detrusor underactivity (DU) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergoing suburethral sling procedure.MethodsMedical records of women with coexistent SUI and DU treated with a suburethral sling were retrospectively reviewed and we analyzed the association between treatment outcome and baseline demographics including etiology of DU and urodynamic variables. Patients who were dry and could urinate spontaneously were considered successful. Treatment failure was considered in those who were dry but needing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and patients who were still wet. Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7) scores were used to assess the impact of surgery on the quality of life.ResultsAmong 71 patients, a successful outcome was noted in 39 (55%), failed outcome with CIC in 15 (21%), and totally treatment failure in 17 (24%). Treatment outcome did not differ among the etiology subgroups. Overall, UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 scores significantly improved after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the IIQ‐7 and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were two independent predictors for improvement after surgery. An IIQ‐7 score ≤6, and Qmax ≥6 mL/s can predict improvement by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Qmax ≤6 mL/s can predict needing CIC after surgery.ConclusionsFor women with SUI and coexistent DU who underwent suburethral sling procedure, low IIQ‐7 (≤6) scores and higher Qmax (≥6 mL/s) are predictors for improvement of surgical outcome. A Qmax of <6 mL/s was the only predictor for CIC after surgery.
Elevation gradients of lemur abundance emphasise the importance of Madagascar’s lowland rainforest for the conservation of endemic taxa
Authors: Campera Marco , Santini Luca , Balestri Michela , Nekaris K.A.I. , Donati Giuseppe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Elevation gradients correlate with changes in several environmental conditions and are known to be related to animal abundance. Animals in regions with a naturally limited extent of lowland rainforest are expected to have evolved adaptations to intermediate elevations that provided a stable environment during their evolution.

Since the lowland rainforest of Madagascar has a limited extent and suffers from increasing anthropogenic pressure, it is essential to understand how well species tolerate intermediate and high elevations. In this study, we aim to quantify the relationship between lemur abundance and elevation in the eastern rainforest of Madagascar.

We correlated abundance data on 26 lemur species (10 genera), including 492 records from 26 studies, with elevation. We analysed the consistency of correlations across species with a meta‐analytical approach. We controlled for species’ body mass, elevational range and median elevation. We then ran generalised linear mixed models to determine whether lemur abundance was related to elevation, body mass, plant productivity and anthropogenic disturbance.

Overall, the abundance of lemur species in Malagasy rainforests was negatively correlated with elevation, and species occupying broader elevational ranges showed stronger correlations. Body mass was not related to species’ tolerance of high elevations. Even though several lemur species are able to occupy the entire elevation gradient, the few remaining patches of lowland rainforests host lemur species at greater abundances than other sites. Abundance across species was negatively related to body mass, elevation and seasonality in plant productivity and positively related to plant productivity.

Despite the ecological flexibility of many lemur species, the remnant patches of lowland rainforests host the highest levels of lemur abundance and are key to lemur conservation. It is crucial to preserve this priority habitat both for biodiversity conservation and for our understanding of lemur adaptations.
“UNIFIED”: Bridging the Researcher–Practitioner Divide in Mind, Brain, and Education
Authors: Hobbiss Michael H. , Massonnié Jessica , Tokuhama‐Espinosa Tracey , Gittner Alastair , de Sousa Lemos Mónica Arson , Tovazzi Alice , Hindley Charlotte , Baker Sharon , Sumeracki Megan A. , Wassenaar Thomas , Gous Ignatius 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTMind, Brain, and Education (MBE) science is by definition transdisciplinary. However, the communication and collaboration between constituent disciplines needed for true transdisciplinarity remains relatively rare. Consequently, many of the potential benefits of MBE science remain unrealized for parties on all sides of the discipline. The present commentary first conducts an analysis of the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of transdisciplinary partnerships in MBE. A new, free, and international web platform (“UNIFIED”) is then proposed to broker relationships between researchers and teachers within schools. This website would allow users to form collaborations based on a system of tags indexing their research interests as well as practicalities such as their location. Such a website appears well placed to realize many of the opportunities, and mitigate the threats and weaknesses, of transdisciplinary MBE research. The article concludes with an appeal to interested researchers and schools to contribute to the development of the project.
Impostor syndrome among physicians and physicians in training: A scoping review
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chung Arlene , Battaglioli Nicole , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Kalantari Annahieta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextImpostor syndrome (IS) is increasingly recognised as a condition among physicians and physicians in training. Impostor syndrome is especially problematic because of its association with increased rates of burnout and suicide. In order to address this issue, we need to fully understand its prevalence, scope, and factors associated with IS. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyse the existing literature on IS among practising physicians and physicians in training in order to identify current trends and directions for future research.MethodsThe authors conducted a literature search of nine databases for any articles on IS among practising physicians or physicians in training published prior to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened articles and identified 18 papers meeting the study inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted data and performed quantitative and qualitative syntheses consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews.ResultsMost studies utilised the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and cited rates of IS ranging from 22% to 60%. Studies found that gender, low self‐esteem and institutional culture were associated with higher rates of IS, whereas social support, validation of success, positive affirmation, and both personal and shared reflections were protective. Overall, IS was also associated with higher rates of burnout.ConclusionsThis review summarises the existing literature on IS among practising physicians and physicians in training, providing valuable insights and areas for future research.
Investigating the Operating Mechanisms of the Sources of L2 Writing Self‐Efficacy at the Stages of Giving and Receiving Peer Feedback
Authors: LEE MAN–KIT , EVANS MICHAEL 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPeer feedback has earned an increasingly noteworthy place in second language (L2) writing research. A pressing concern is that issues of motivation are not well understood, largely due to a lack of theory‐driven investigations. Centering on Bandura's self‐efficacy (SE) theory, this study examined the impact of peer feedback on L2 writing SE and the operating mechanisms underlying the theorized sources of SE in peer feedback practice. One hundred and ten Chinese undergraduate learners of English were assigned to peer feedback treatment groups (face‐to‐face and computer‐mediated discussions) or a comparison group. Questionnaire and interview data on writing SE and its sources and on perceived feedback usefulness were collected. The treatment groups reported more positive changes in writing SE, and perceived usefulness of giving (but not receiving) peer feedback enhanced writing SE directly and via a mediating system involving writing self‐regulatory efficacy and apprehension. Writing SE was also shaped through a dynamic interplay between receptive and productive mastery experiences, computer‐mediated exchanges, social comparisons, and achievement goal orientations.
The helical motions of roots are linked to avoidance of particle forces in soil
Authors: Martins Adalvan D. , O'Callaghan Felicity , Bengough A. Glyn , Loades Kenneth W. , Pasqual Moacir , Kolb Evelyne , Dupuy Lionel X. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryLimitation to root growth results from forces required to overcome soil resistance to deformation. The variations in individual particle forces affects root development and often deflects the growth trajectory.We have developed transparent soil and optical projection tomography microscopy systems where measurements of growth trajectory and particle forces can be acquired in a granular medium at a range of confining pressures. We developed image‐processing pipelines to analyse patterns in root trajectories and a stochastic‐mechanical theory to establish how root deflections relate to particle forces and thickening of the root.Root thickening compensates for the increase in mean particle forces but does not prevent deflections from 5% of most extreme individual particle forces causing root deflection. The magnitude of deflections increases with pressure but they assemble into helices of conserved wavelength in response linked to gravitropism.The study reveals mechanisms for the understanding of root growth in mechanically impeding soil conditions and provides insights relevant to breeding of drought‐resistant crops.
Rural change and tourism in remote regions: Developments and Indigenous endeavour in Westland, Te Tai o Poutini, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Riddle Callum , Thompson‐Fawcett Michelle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRemote rural areas have encountered significant change and the need for renegotiation of economic and social priorities in the late 20th and early 21st century. In our broader research, we ask how have such communities been responding to this change? What role have different organisations and agencies played? And, how have they acted on the aspirations of marginalised communities? In this paper we examine these issues through a case study of Westland District on the west coast of Aotearoa New Zealand's South Island. We probe the general shift towards prioritising tourism in the District, and highlight particular experiences in regard to Indigenous endeavour in tourism. We find that those engaged in leading local development and tourism have not collaborated strategically across the sector and have not established meaningful partnerships with the community that recognise both economic and socio‐cultural aspirations.
Liquidity Constraints, Unemployed Job Search and Labour Market Outcomes
Authors: Gerards Ruud , Welters Riccardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiquidity constraints prompt the unemployed to intensify their job search, but does that produce better labour market outcomes? Using longitudinal Australian data, we test the effect of objective proxy indicators of liquidity constraints on job search and concomitant labour market outcomes. We find that liquidity constraints, specifically their severe form ‘hardship’, intensify job search without improving short‐run employment outcomes or objective job quality (if a job is secured), whereas subjective job quality outcomes are worse. Moreover, we find evidence that the quit intention is higher and the concomitant medium‐run employment stability is lower for those who found jobs facing hardship.
Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: a systematic review
Authors: Cummings Jenna R. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Ray Lara A. , Choi Alyssa K. , Tomiyama A. Janet 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe scientific literature on links among alcohol use, total energy intake, cardiometabolic disease and obesity is conflicting. To clarify the link between alcohol use and cardiometabolic health, this systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42016039308A) uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines to synthesize how alcohol use affects dietary intake (carbohydrate, fat and protein intake) in humans. A search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO and PubMed from June 2016‐March 2019 yielded 30 qualified studies. Experimental and observational studies allowed for inferences about effects of a single drinking occasion and of frequent drinking, respectively. Alcohol quantities were standardized according to the 2015‐2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. On average, methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Results indicated that a single occasion of light and moderate drinking as well as frequent light and moderate drinking were linked to greater fat and protein intake, albeit the majority of studies did not detect differences in dietary intake due to these drinking behaviours. Frequent heavy drinking, on the other hand, was linked to less carbohydrate intake in the majority of studies. Overall, alcohol use does not appear to uniformly affect diet but instead appears to affect intake of specific macronutrients in a dose‐dependent manner, most consistently decreasing carbohydrate intake with heavier use.
Early repolarization pattern in an ethnically diverse population: Increased risk in Hispanics
Authors: Leiderman Ephraim , Kargoli Faraj , Shulman Eric , Aagaard Philip , Hoch Ethan , Zaremski Lynn , Di Biase Luigi , Kim Soo G. , Gross Jay N. , Ferrick Kevin J. , Fisher John , Krumerman Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly repolarization (ER) pattern on ECG is associated with an increased mortality in Caucasians. This study analyzed the association between ER pattern and all‐cause mortality in a population of multiple ethnicities.MethodsA total of 20 000 individuals were randomly selected and their ECGs were analyzed for ER pattern using the 2015 consensus: end‐QRS notching or slurring with a J‐point (Jp) ≥0.1 mV in contiguous inferior or lateral leads. Exclusion criteria were age <18, QRS duration of ≥120 ms, and acute myocardial infarction. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to assess crude survival, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 17 901 patients with a mean age of 53 met inclusion criteria. Individuals were 62% female, 14% White, 37% Black, 40% Hispanic, and 9% other. Median follow‐up time was 6.4 years. ER pattern was noted in 995 (5.6%) patients. Jp ≥2 mm was noted in 282 (1.6%) patients. In those with ER pattern and Jp ≥1 mm, there was no difference in mortality when compared to individuals without Jp elevation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.962, 95% confidence of interval [CI]: 0.819‐1.131). Patients with Jp ≥2 mm had a significantly increased all‐cause mortality (OR: 1.333, 95% CI: 1.009‐1.742). This increased mortality was also significant in Hispanic patients with Jp ≥2 mm (OR: 1.584, 95% CI: 1.003‐2.502).ConclusionER pattern with Jp ≥2 mm is associated with increased mortality in a multiethnic population, apparently driven by an increased risk in Hispanics.
Social cognition in adolescent females with borderline personality traits
Authors: Goueli Tamer , Nasreldin Mohamed , Madbouly Nagwan , Dziobek Isabel , Farouk Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesSocial cognitive impairment is considered to be a psychopathological cornerstone in adolescent females with borderline personality disorder. The aim is to compare the social cognitive performance in adolescent females with borderline personality traits and healthy adolescent females, and to assess the social cognitive performance in relation to the severity of borderline personality features.DesignA case–control study was conducted on 30 adolescent females who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of DSM‐IV of borderline personality traits, compared to 30 matched healthy volunteer adolescent females.MethodsBorderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ) was used to rate borderline personality features. Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) and Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) were applied to assess social cognitive abilities.ResultsThe scores of RMET and some domains of MASC showed a highly significant difference between the patient and control groups. Scores of RMET and some domains of MASC showed significant correlation with impulsiveness, emptiness, relationship patterns, and quasi‐psychotic states subscales of BPQ.ConclusionsAdolescent females with borderline personality traits had lower social cognitive performance compared to healthy adolescent females. The intensity of this social cognitive deficit was evident to be related to impulsivity, emptiness, pattern of relationships, and quasi‐psychotic states.