bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Breast Implant Associated Autoimmune Disorders Independent of Silicone?
Authors: Suh Lily , Drake Connor , Khan Imran , Neumann Colby , Hassanein Aladdin , Sinha Mithun 
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast implant illness (BII) is a systemic autoimmune complication associated with breast implants. Breast implants are used for cosmetic augmentation, reconstructive surgery post-breast cancer treatment, or for prophylactic mastectomy. Thus, these implants are important for quality of life of the subjects. Through this work, we sought to characterize breast implant associated autoimmune disorders and discuss possible causes for its etiology.

Methods: The PubMed and OVID databases were interrogated from 1990-2020 using a query strategy including search term combinations of “implants”, “breast implant illness”, “autoimmune”, “systemic illness”.

Results: BII includes a spectrum of autoimmune symptoms such as fatigue, myalgias/arthralgias, dry eyes/mouth, and rash. Review of epidemiological studies in the past thirty years exhibited evidence affirming an association between breast implants and autoimmune diseases. The most commonly recognized were Sjogren’s, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and Raynaud’s syndrome. Explantation resulted in alleviation of symptoms in over 50% patients, strengthening the hypothesis associating breast implants to these problems. Studies have shown silicone is a biologically inert material and unlikely to be the cause of these symptoms. This is supported by the fact that increased risk of autoimmune disease was also reported in patients with other implantable biomaterials such as orthopedic implants. Recent studies conducted by our group and other researchers shed light on a possible role of bacterial biofilm and subsequent host-pathogen interactions as a confounding factor to this problem.

Conclusion: BII could be dependent on biofilm infection and the microenvironment around the implants. Should explantation of the implant continue to be the gold standard for treatment, or should more research be done to treat the underlying cause? The true pathophysiology behind these complaints must be further investigated so that accurate treatment regimens other than explantation can be developed. Translational significance of these studies is not limited to breast implants but extends to other implants as well.
Matrisome Deregulation in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Tedrow Jessica , Wang Ji , Mitra Anirban 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: Over 75% of ovarian cancer (OC) patients present with metastasis upon initial diagnosis. Since most are treated for metastatic disease, it is crucial that developing therapies target metastasis. Our analysis of OC transcriptomic changes revealed key changes in the matrisome. Matrisome genes are associated with tissue modulus and disease progression, yet comprehensive understanding of many of their contributions to OC is lacking. We hypothesize that matrisomal OC genes will have clear impacts on clinical outcomes.
Project Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 11 paired OC primary tumors and metastases were identified using RNA-seq analysis. The DEG were compared with data from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells seeded on an organotypic 3D culture model of omentum. The overlapping genes are deregulated during early metastasis and remain relevant in advanced metastasis in OC patients. Kaplan-Meier Plots were generated to identify gene relationships with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: 845 genes between metastases and primary tumors and 1,182 genes between early and advanced metastatic colonization were differentially expressed; 144 genes were shared. These 144 genes were compared with matrisome proteins differentially expressed between malignant and non-malignant HGSOC cell populations. 28 genes correlated with tissue modulus, 19 with disease score, and 17 with both. Of the 30 matrisome genes correlating with either, 21 decreased PFS and 24 decreased OS.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: We have identified a matrisome signature sustained throughout metastatic tumor development. Many of these genes’ mechanisms contributing to OC metastasis and therapeutic relevance have yet to be determined. In addition to influencing cell-cell communications, mechanotransduction, and metastasis progression, the altered matrisome can affect drug delivery to tumors. Further studies may guide understanding of pathways in matrisome alteration during cancer progression and reveal future targets for chemotherapy or combination immunotherapies.
A Retrospective Comparison of In Silico Pharmaceutical Recommendations with Tumor Board Recommendations in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Turner Jacob , Johnson Travis , Helm Bryan , Pollock Karen , Huang Kun 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis:
The objective of this study was to analyze available whole genome sequencing from an adolescent male patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS) in 2014. OS is a primary bone malignancy that most commonly affects the pediatric population. Precision medicine techniques provide new opportunities to improve treatment of OS patients. Pharmaceutical annotation tools such as PharmacoDB and DGIdb can help indicate chemotherapy agents that may benefit patients based on their molecular profiles. We hypothesize that these tools can indicate genome-specific chemotherapy agents for OS after genomic data has been aligned and analyzed.

Project Methods:
A PDX pipeline and retrospective study were performed that identified and compared pharmaceutical treatment options from software tools with the chemotherapy provided. Gene alignment and variant calling were used to process and analyze DNA sequencing data; germline and somatic mutations were also identified. Ensembl VEP was used for variant annotation. PharmacoDB and DGIdb were then applied to identify potentially beneficial medications.

Results:
Gene variant annotation indicated 54 potentially high impact mutations. Of these, DGIdb identified 15 drug-gene interactions. PharmacoDB identified no drugs that target any of the genes containing the 54 high impact mutations. For the entire mutated gene list, DGIdb identified 398 drug-gene interactions. After gene set enrichment, DGIdb identified medications targeting genes of pathways such as “O-glycan processing” and “Diseases of glycosylation”. Potentially harmful variants in the NPRL3 gene were identified. Because NPRL3 is a component of the Gator1 complex that serves as a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the identified variants in NPRL3 could have played a role in the patient’s OS.

Potential Impact:
This study will foster future collaborations to evaluate the pharmaceutical tool recommendations for this patient’s derived cell lines. These efforts will determine the efficacy of and identify improvements for computational treatment recommendation systems.
Reprogramming Glial Cells into Functional Neurons to Treat SCI
Authors: Wang Manda , Wu Wei , Xu Xiao-Ming 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective:
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) disrupt descending neural pathways that are required for motor function. Among these tracts, the most important for forelimb function is the corticospinal tract (CST). Mature CNS neurons typically fail to regenerate after injury due to an extrinsic inhibitory environment and an intrinsic incapability to grow. After SCI, a major inhibitory component at the lesion site consists of NG2 glial cells. Decreasing the amount of NG2 around the lesion should create a more permissive environment for CST regeneration. We hypothesize that NG2 glial cells at the lesion site can be reprogrammed into functional neurons, which can then facilitate CST regeneration and synapse formation, leading to functional recovery.

Methods:
Dorsal hemisections of the spinal cord at C5 were performed on 29 adult mice in three groups. Reprogramming of glial cells was completed using a Lenti-SOX2 virus. BrdU and AAV8-GFP were administered to each mouse to trace the proliferating cells and CST, respectively. After sacrificing, the spinal cord tissue was harvested, cryosectioned, and mounted on slides. NeuN and BrdU immunofluorescence staining were performed and high-quality images were obtained using a Neurolucida microscope system equipped with fluorescence.

Results:
We successfully stained proliferating cells using BrdU and neurons using NeuN. Imaging collection is carried out in a blinded fashion and is not yet complete. However, initial data on a subset of obtained images have shown signs of CST regenerating through the lesion site rather than retracting from it.

Conclusion/Impact:
Preliminary data suggests that reprogramming of NG2 glial cells into functional neurons is an effective method of promoting CST regeneration after SCI. With the annual incidence of SCI of approximately 17,810 new cases, further studies are required to determine if this approach would promote motor functional recovery and, if so, can be translated to treatments to improve quality of life for those who suffer from SCI.
Exosomes: New Advances in the Translational Potential of the “Garbage Bag”
Authors: Watson Brandon , Ghatak Subhadip 
Published: December 2020

Bidirectional cell-cell communication via paracrine mechanisms involving nano-sized extracellular vesicles have emerged as a predominant mechanism of cellular signaling. Unlike other shedding vesicles of similar size, exosomes selectively package their cargo using defined mechanisms within the cells. Recent research on exosome signaling describes a messenger-recipient cell dichotomy. The heterogeneous origin of exosome populations, although previously described, has as-yet been incompletely characterized using this dichotomy and thus does not currently provide a complete understanding of exosome populations. In this work, we outline the fundamentally bidirectional nature of exosomes and replace this dichotomy with a messenger-recipient-effector network formed by repackaging and rerelease events. This network further confounds the determination of messenger cell identity among an already heterogeneous exosome population and has major implications for future clinical application. Redefining the axiom of exosome signaling provides a route for future research to consider a multi-system-based approach and underscores a need for enhanced identification methods. This shift also has implications for the use of exosomes as therapeutic agents. Exosome biogenesis and its manipulation will be crucial for the development of curative endogenous exosomes and their synthetic, exogenously produced counterparts. Directed cargo loading, optimal shell composition, and robust production platforms are just some of the design aspects that need to be considered. As tissue-specific therapeutic agents, exosome design will also need to incorporate repackaging mechanics to prevent off-target effects and increase efficacy. A comprehensive current understanding of exosome biogenesis mechanisms amidst the heterogenous EV population will propel the field towards clinical viability.
1968: ELES SÓ QUERIAM MUDAR O MUNDO
Authors: Luiz Lucas Da Silva 
Published: December 2020

Em um mundo onde os movimentos sociais ainda engatinham precariamente, sufocados pelos regimes autoritários, exclusão das minorias, e ainda pela opressão exercida pela classe dominante, o livro: 1968: Eles só queriam mudar o mundo, elaborado pelos jornalistas Regina Zappa e Ernesto Soto discorrem sobre os elementos artísticos, culturais e sociais que marcaram o ano de 1968, no Brasil e no mundo. Buscando resgatar através das experiências, relatos, e as lutas travadas no período, os jornalistas ressaltam a partir do livro, memórias e fatos que influenciaram os desencadeamentos dos movimentos sociais na década de 60 e a busca da liberdade coletiva. Em um mundo onde os movimentos sociais ainda engatinham precariamente, sufocados pelos regimes autoritários, exclusão das minorias, e ainda pela opressão exercida pela classe dominante, o livro: 1968: Eles só queriam mudar o mundo, elaborado pelos jornalistas Regina Zappa[1] e Ernesto Soto[2] discorrem sobre os elementos artísticos, culturais e sociais que marcaram o ano de 1968, no Brasil e no mundo. Buscando resgatar através das experiências, relatos, e as lutas travadas no período, os jornalistas ressaltam a partir do livro, memórias e fatos que influenciaram os desencadeamentos dos movimentos sociais na década de 60 e a busca da liberdade coletiva. *[1] Regina Zappa é jornalista, escritora, e professora universitária, formada pela Universidade de Georgetown, em Washington. É autora de vários livros, entre eles: Chico Buarque para todos, Hugo Carvana e Gilberto Bem Perto. Zappa relata, como em virtude dos movimentos do ano 1968 no Brasil ficou emocionada, sobretudo pela morte do estudante Edson Luís, no qual ainda fica perplexa pelos acontecimentos gerados.[2] Ernesto Soto é formado em jornalismo pela Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia (FNF), no Rio de Janeiro. Participou de 1968 como estudante, jornalista e militante político.
Physician beliefs and management practices of coexistent Asthma-Allergic Rhinitis: Indian results from multi-country ASPAIR study
Authors: Markandeywar Neeraj , Kubal Vaibhav , Khosla Indu , Shantakumar Sumitra , Hinds David 
Published: December 2020

Frequent coexistence and strong etiological linkage between asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) result in higher burden with comorbid condition than individual disease. To understand attitude, perceptions, and current management practices among general practitioners (GPs) and pediatricians towards coexistent asthma-AR. A cross sectional survey was conducted in India, China, Malaysia, Vietnam, etc. Results presented here are focused on India. Physicians working in public and private sector of 10 Metropolitan cities were approached in person for this survey. A representative national sample of physicians was recruited at hospitals and clinics using a probability-based sampling methodology for a total of 200 physician in India. 98 GPs and 102 pediatricians in India were surveyed. Clinical features and family history of atopy was used by 96% and 82% physicians, respectively to form a diagnosis of asthma. 54% of physicians enquired about common triggers, 48% conducted spirometry. 25% of physicians used patient outcome questionnaires to assess control. AR was diagnosed by nasal (91% of physicians) or ocular symptoms (72% of physicians) and 32% performed skin prick test or serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE). In uncontrolled coexisting asthma-AR, 78% of physicians modified treatment, 21% of physicians referred to a specialist. 88% of physicians were concerned that treating both conditions required added medications, 59% of physicians felt managing both simultaneously was difficult, and 55% of physicians believed it was enough to manage more severe condition. Study highlights low implementation of guidelines despite awareness and need for continued medical education to encourage appropriate diagnosis and management of co-existent asthma-AR. Though the physicians are aware of the guidelines, there was poor utilization in clinical practice. This indicates a need for increase in awareness of guideline recommendations on co existent asthma-AR and improving management of patients. This also eludes to the development of an easy to use diagnostic tool for asthma- AR co-existence.
The Key to Enlightenment: John Toland’s “Clidophorus” and His Grand Theory of the Esoteric and Exoteric Doctrines
Authors: Stępień Maciej B. 
Published: December 2020

Klucz do oświecenia: „Clidophorus” Johna Tolanda i jego wielka teoria doktryn ezoterycznych i egzoterycznych
„Clidophorus” (albo „Klejdoforos”, z gr. κλειδόφορος „Niosący Klucz”) to traktat Johna Tolanda dotyczący dziejów filozofii podzielonej na „ezoteryczną” i „egzoteryczną”, napisany w 1720 r. Jego autor argumentował na rzecz tezy, że całe dziedzictwo starożytnej filozofii, we wszystkich kręgach kulturowych, nie jest niczym innym, jak tylko fasadą, celowo wzniesioną przez starożytnych filozofów, aby chronić i ukryć ich głębszą, „ezoteryczną” doktrynę przed wzrokiem gawiedzi. Autor „Klejdoforosa” tym samym podrywał wiarygodność wszystkiego, co stanowiło znane wówczas dziedzictwo filozofii— kwestionował całą filozoficzną tradycję. To jednak, w jaki sposób pojmował on podział na „ezoteryczną” i „egzoteryczną” filozofię, zrobiło w XVIII stuleciu zawrotną karierę, zwłaszcza w lożach wolnomularskich. Jest on więc także, najprawdopodobniej, głównym odpowiedzialnym za zmianę sposobu myślenia, dzięki której w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku spotykamy w źródłach historycznych nieużywane wcześniej neologizmy: rzeczowniki „ezoteryka” i „ezoteryzm” (l’esoterisme, Esoterismus). „Klejdoforos” to zatem również znaczący wkład Tolanda w wykształcenie dwojakiego charakteru epoki oświecenia: z jednej strony racjonalnego, świeckiego, reformatorskiego i stawiającego na edukację, a z drugiej—idącego ślepo za każdą obietnicą, pochodzącą od każdego szarlatana, jeśli tylko zacznie on mówić o wtajemniczeniu w arkana prawdy „ezoterycznej”— a więc prawdy ukrytej i zastrzeżonej dla nielicznych.
The Effect of Weather Parameters on Covid 19 Endemic: A Global Perspective
Authors: Roshini Sooriyarachchi Marina 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: According to the Oxford Medical Dictionary, Corona virus is the largest known viral RNA genome and causes devastating epizootics in livestock and poultry. Human corona viruses cause upper respiratory tract infections and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The initiative for this study was the extreme life threatening nature of this virus and the global pandemic it has caused. The responses were taken to be the number of deaths, number of recoveries and the number sick with the disease at a particular point in time,globally and the explanatory variables were climate variables.
Method: This is a survey type of study as the data has been extracted over a short period of time and the sampling method adopted is post cluster sampling. Simple descriptive statistics, clustering and generalized linear mixed models have been used for modelling.
Results: There was a strong regional effect of over three which was highly significant for every Covid 19 response. The air quality and temperature interaction and the air quality and humidity interaction were associated with the count of death at 0.0298 and 0.0027 levels of significance respectively. The count recovered was strongly associated with the temperature and humidity interaction and air quality at significance levels of 0.0002 and <0.0001 respectively. The Count at risk was strongly associated with the temperature, wind speeds and air quality three way interaction and this was significant at 0.0005 level.
Discussion: All four weather parameters effected one or more of the Covid 19 responses. The plots of Student residuals versus fitted values showed well-fitting models. The results of this research is useful in planning health care and allocating resources according to the region and the climate during a particular period.
Country Level Socioeconomic and Health System Indicators Explain COVID-19 Mortality Worldwide
Authors: Noorchenarboo Mohammad , Mousavi Seyed Amirreza , Moehimani Hamed 
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 mortality rates differ across countries. We aimed to construct a model that predicts mortality worldwide, by including only country-level socioeconomic and health system indicators and excluding variables related to short-term measures for pandemic management.
Methods: COVID-19 mortality data was collected from Johns Hopkins University resource center. Additional sources were public reports from the United Nations, the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. We implemented multiple linear regression with backward elimination on the selected predictors.
Results: The final model constructed on seven Independent variables, significantly predicted COVID-19 mortality rate by country (F-statistic: 29.2, p<0.001). Regression coefficients (95% CI) in descending order of standardized effects: Annual tourist arrivals: 5.43 (4.03, 6.83); health expenditure per capita: 4.43 (2.92, 5.96); GDP (PPP): -4.60 (-6.81, -2.38); specialist surgical workforce per 100000: 2.63 (0.67, 4.59); number of physicians per 1000: -2.32 (-4.3, -0.28); economic freedom score: -1.35 (-2.60, -0.10); and total population: 1.66 (-0.19, 3.52). All VIF values were below 5, showing acceptable collinearity. R-squared (52.65%), adjusted R-squared (50.25%) and predicted R-squared (42.33%) showed strong model fit.
Conclusion: limited country-level socioeconomic and health system indicators can explain COVID-19 mortality worldwide; emphasizing the priority of attending to these fundamental structures when planning for pandemic preparedness.
SIR Model for Estimations of the Coronavirus Epidemic Dynamics in Iran
Authors: Deldar Maryam , Tahmasebi Ghorabi Samaneh , Sayehmiri Kourosh 
Published: December 2020

Background: The Coronavirus 2019-nCOV (COVID-19) epidemic by SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide, and by March 1, 2020, 67 countries, including Iran, have been affected. Many studies are being conducted at home and abroad to predict the outbreak of the disease so that they can make the necessary medical and health decisions in a timely manner.
Methods: we used the SIR model to identify parameters to calculate epidemic features and some estimates of the new coronavirus. Data on the transmission of the novel coronavirus were extracted from the GitHub source in the covid19.analytics software package.
Results: According to our model estimates, the rate of infection β = 1 and the rate of removal γ = 0.667 and index R0 = 1.497 were obtained. Because the value of R0 is more than one, it is still an epidemic disease. Given that tfinal~132 days was estimated, we can expect the transmission of this epidemic to stop in Iran after July 3, 2020, provided that existing quarantine measures and patient isolation rates continue as usual. In comparison with the global SIR model, we reached the peak of the infection earlierthan the global model, but in improved and susceptible cases, we performed better than the global model. The graph of recovered and susceptible cases in Iran earlier than the global model cut off themselves.
Conclusion: Forecasts are set to be a useful guide for deciding whether to transfer COVID-19. According to the predictions and estimates made, more attention should be paid to control measures
Developing a Questionnaire to Investigate the Reasons for Ignoring Home Quarantine by Some Iranians
Authors: Nazari Elham , Shahriari Mohammad Hasan , Tabesh Hamed 
Published: December 2020

Background: The rapid outbreak of Coronavirus has led to the worrying situation. Prevention strategies such as a stay at home offer great opportunities for transmission reduction of the virus. Therefore, the purpose of current study has developed a questionnaire to investigate the reasons for not staying at home in Iran.
Methods: In this study a self-administered questionnaire was designed in two Delphi rounds and based on 50 expert and 10 expert opinions from different fields of study.
Results: In the first Delphi round 11 questions were obtained and in the second round 14 questions were confirmed. The mean of CVR and CVI for the questionnaire was 95.33 and 94.67, respectively. A questionnaire was designed and developed according to the purpose.
Conclusion: Using the designed questionnaire, the reasons why some people do not pay attention to home quarantine can be examined and solutions can be considered for them. This can prevent further corona spread.