bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Abuse and Future Mental Health Hospitalization in a Swedish National Sample of Men Who Use Opioids
Authors: Blom Nilsson Marcus , Padyab Mojgan , McCarty Dennis , Lundgren Lena 
Published: October 2019

Objective:Experiences of trauma, specifically sexual abuse, have been linked to both mental health and substance use disorders. This study used 14 years of Swedish health registry data to select a sample of adult men who reported frequent opioid use and assessed if those with a self-reported history of sexual abuse had a higher likelihood of hospitalization for a mental health disorder.Methods:A Swedish longitudinal (2003–2017) registry study linked Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assessments completed with individuals who sought treatment for substance use disorders with data on hospitalizations for mental health disorders, and assessed associations with self-reported histories of sexual abuse among men who reported sustained and frequent use of opioids (n = 1862). Cox regression methods tested associations and controlled for age, and the 7 ASI composite scores: family and social relationships, employment, alcohol use, drug use, legal, physical health, and mental health.Results:The ASI composite score for mental health (hazard ratio [HR] 16.6,P < 0.001) and a history of sexual abuse (HR 1.93,P < 0.001) were associated with an elevated risk of future mental health hospitalization.Conclusion:Both the ASI composite scores for mental health and self-reported history of sexual abuse reflected complex needs among men who used opioids and increased risk for mental health hospitalization. Treatment providers should strive to provide integrated care and address the negative aspects of victimization.
Comparing Reasons for Starting and Stopping Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone Treatment Among a Sample of White Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Randall-Kosich Olivia , Andraka-Christou Barbara , Totaram Rachel , Alamo Jessica , Nadig Mayur 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Despite their efficacy, medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are underutilized in the United States. Nonetheless, few studies have explored reasons why individuals choose to start MOUD or discontinue MOUD after starting, especially extended-release naltrexone. We sought to identify reasons why individuals start and stop MOUD, including the differences between starting and stopping the 3 most common formulations: methadone, sublingual buprenorphine, and extended-release naltrexone.

Methods:
We conducted 31 semistructured interviews over the phone with a sample of white individuals with a history of MOUD utilization. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling from 8 US states. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded in Dedoose software, and analyzed using thematic analysis and modified event structure analysis.

Results:
Participants primarily learned about methadone and buprenorphine from other individuals with OUD. Participants primarily became interested in starting buprenorphine and methadone after seeing the medications work effectively in peers, though methadone was perceived as a last resort. In contrast, participants primarily learned about and became interested in naltrexone after receiving information from health practitioners. Participants frequently stopped MOUD to prevent medication or health service dependence. Participants also felt stigma and external pressure to stop buprenorphine and methadone, but not naltrexone. Some participants identified relapse and medication termination by health providers or the criminal justice system as reasons for stopping MOUD.

Conclusions:
Given the frequency with which participants identified informal peer education as a reason for starting methadone and buprenorphine, peers with MOUD experience may be a trusted source of information for individuals seeking OUD treatment. Further research is needed to assess whether incorporating peer support specialists with MOUD experience into formal SUD treatment would expand MOUD utilization, retain patients in treatment, and/or improve OUD treatment outcomes.
Current status of functional MRI of osteoarthritis for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Juras Vladimir , Chang Gregory , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
Osteoarthritis is a major source of disability, pain and socioeconomic cost worldwide. The epidemiology of the disorder is multifactorial including genetic, biological and biomechanical components, some of them detectable by MRI. This review provides the most recent update on MRI biomarkers which can provide functional information of the joint structures for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response monitoring in osteoarthritis trials.

Recent findings
Compositional or functional MRI can provide clinicians with valuable information on glycosaminoglycan content (chemical exchange saturation transfer, sodium MRI, T1ρ) and collagen organization (T2, T2
∗, apparent diffusion coefficient, magnetization transfer) in joint structures. Other parameters may also provide useful information, such as volumetric measurements of joint structures or advanced image data postprocessing and analysis. Automated tools seem to have a great potential to be included in these efforts providing standardization and acceleration of the image data analysis process.

Summary
Functional or compositional MRI has great potential to provide noninvasive imaging biomarkers for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis as a whole joint condition needs to be diagnosed in early stages to facilitate selection of patients into clinical trials and/or to measure treatment effectiveness. Advanced evaluation including machine learning, neural networks and multidimensional data analysis allow for wall-to-wall understanding of parameter interactions and their role in clinical evaluation of osteoarthritis.
Percutaneous Strain Reduction Screws—A Safe and Simple Surgical Option for Problems With Bony Union. A Technical Trick
Authors: Kothari Alpesh , Monk Paul , Handley Robert 
Published: October 2019

Summary:
This article describes percutaneous strain reduction screws, a technical trick, to provide effective stability in a simple manner and at low cost. Percutaneous strain reduction screws are an option when a surgeon has decided that further intervention is indicated for a fracture that has not united.
Short Versus Long InterTAN Fixation for Geriatric Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: A Multicentre Head-to-Head Comparison
Authors: Sellan Michael , Bryant Dianne , Tieszer Christina , Papp Steven , Lawendy Abdel , Liew Allan , Viskontas Darius , MacLeod Mark , Coles Chad , Carey Tim , Gofton Wade , Trenholm Andrew , Stone Trevor , Leighton Ross , Sanders David 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To determine if geriatric intertrochanteric hip fracture patients achieve equivalent postoperative functional status after management with either a short (180-200 mm) or a long (260-460 mm) InterTAN intramedullary device.

Design:
Retrospective review of a prospective randomized control trial.

Setting:
Four Level I Trauma Centers.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred eight patients with OTA/AO classification 31A-1 and 31A-2 intertrochanteric hip fractures were included in the study.

Intervention:
Internal fixation using an IT device.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Primary outcomes included Functional Independence Measure and Timed Up and Go. Secondary outcomes included blood loss, surgical time, length of stay, adverse events, and mortality.

Results:
Seventy-one short and 37 long IT patients met study inclusion criteria. Demographics were similar between groups. There was no difference in Functional Independence Measure or Timed Up and Go scores between the 2 IT groups at any of the time points collected. Mean operative time was lower in the short IT group than in the long IT group (60 vs. 73 minutes; P = 0.021). A higher proportion of long IT patients had reamed constructs (95% vs. 48% short IT, P < 0.001). Postoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the long IT group without a significant influence on the number of patients requiring transfusion (P = 0.582) or average units transfused (P = 0.982). There was no significant difference in the proportion of postoperative adverse events between the 2 cohorts despite a higher number of peri-implant femur fractures in the short IT group than in the long IT group (5 vs. 1, P = 0.350).

Conclusions:
Postoperative functional status was not influenced by the length of IT device in the management of geriatric intertrochanteric hip fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Restoring Condylar Width: Radiographic Relationship Between the Lateral Tibial Plateau and Lateral Femoral Condyle in Normal Adult Knees
Authors: Kabirian Nima , Jiang Daniel , Fleming CAPT Mark E. , Marecek Geoffrey S. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
We hypothesized that a constant radiographic relationship exists between the lateral tibial and femoral condyles and that no side-to-side variation exists.

Methods:
We reviewed anteroposterior x-rays of 217 uninjured adults ages 18–65, Included 109 unilateral and 108 bilateral radiographs with no or minimal osteoarthrosis (Kellgren–Lawrence grades 0–1). The perpendicular distance between the lateral-most margins of the tibial plateau articular surface (A) and the lateral femoral epicondyle (B) and the lateral femoral condyle articular surface (C) was measured in millimeters (mm). Medial and lateral measurements to point (A) were recorded as (−) and (+), respectively. First, the average of measured distances in all unilateral knees and randomly selected either right or left knees from the bilateral group (n = 217) was calculated. Comparison was made between both sexes. Next, A–B and A–C distances were compared between right and left knees in the bilateral group (n = 108) to find any significant difference (2-tailed t test, alpha = 0.05).

Results:
The average A–B distance was 0.60 ± 2.40 mm (−4.82 to +6.49 mm). The mean A–C distance was −3.96 ± 2.07 mm (−8.51 to +3.98 mm). No significant difference was found between A–B and A–C distances between males (0.40 ± 2.62 mm and −3.91 ± 2.05 mm) and females (0.70 ± 2.28 mm and −3.99 ± 2.09 mm). Similarly, no significant difference was found between A–B and A–C distances between right (1.08 ± 2.31 mm and −3.90 ± 1.73 mm) and left knees (0.90 ± 2.38 mm and −4.31 ± 1.7 mm). Concordance coefficient for interobserver and intraobserver reliability showed substantial agreement.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study provided a “normal” range for the relationship of the proximal lateral tibial plateau relative to the lateral femoral condyle. The lateral femoral epicondyle is generally aligned with the lateral tibial articular margin. The relationship between the lateral tibial plateau, lateral femoral epicondylar surface, and lateral femoral articular surface is constant from side to side. This technique is reproducible in the setting of fracture, and templating off of the contralateral uninjured knee may be beneficial in tibial plateau fracture surgery.
Outcomes of Expandable Prostheses for Primary Bone Malignancies in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review and Pooled Data Analysis
Authors: Portney Daniel A. , Bi Andrew S. , Christian Robert A. , Butler Bennet A. , Peabody Terrance D. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Osteosarcoma and other primary bone malignancies are relatively common in skeletally immature patients. Current literature features case series with disparate complication rates, making it difficult for surgeons to educate patients on outcomes after limb salvage with expandable prostheses. This study aims to provide an update on complication rates, mortality, and functional outcomes in patients who undergo limb salvage with expandable prostheses for primary bone malignancies.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An exhaustive PubMed/Medline and Cochrane search of peer-reviewed published literature from 1997 to 2017 was performed, yielding a total of 1350 studies. After multiple rounds of review for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 retrospective studies were included. All were level IV evidence of case series and retrospective studies. Overall, this included 634 total patients and 292 patients with individual patient data. The primary outcomes studied were complication rates, mortality, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score. Secondary outcomes included complication rate subtypes, number of lengthening procedures, mean amount lengthened, and prevalence of limb length discrepancies.

Results:
A total of 292 patients with individual patient data averaged 10.1 years at the surgery and had a mean follow-up of 67 months. Two hundred sixteen patients (74%) had tumors of the distal femur. MSTS scores averaged 80.3 and overall mortality was 22%. Patients with distal femur tumors averaged 4.4 lengthening procedures and 43 mm lengthened. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) was 36% overall, which increased with longer periods of follow-up (P<0.001). Overall complication and revision rate was 43%, increasing to 59% in patients with 5 to 10 years of follow-up, and 89% in patients with >10 years of follow-up. Minimally invasive prostheses had lower rates of complications than noninvasive prostheses (P=0.024), specifically mechanical complications (P=0.028), mostly because of increased rates of lengthening and device failure in the noninvasive models (21% vs. 4%, P=0.0004).

Conclusions:
Despite its limitations, which include entirely heterogenous and retrospective case series data, this systematic review provides clinicians with pooled summary data representing the largest summary of outcomes after reconstruction with expandable prostheses to date. This analysis can assist surgeons to better understand and educate their patients and their families on functional outcomes, mortality, and complication rates after limb-sparing reconstruction with expandable prostheses for primary bone malignancies.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective case series with pooled data.
Anterior Cervical Debridement and Fusion for Cervical Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis
Authors: Kim Sung-Kyu , Park Jong-Beom , Chung Jae-Yoon , Lee Dong-Ho , Kim Young-Yul , Park Yong-Jin , Lee Nam-Hun 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective multicenter case series.

Objective.
We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical plating in anterior cervical debridement and fusion (ACDF) for patients with cervical pyogenic spondylodiscitis (CPS).

Summary of Background Data.
Due to concerns about bacterial seeding on the foreign material after instrumentations in pyogenic infections, the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical plating for CPS are still undetermined and controversial. Little information is available about the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical plating to manage CPS.

Methods.
Twenty-three patients who underwent ACDF with (n = 12) or without (n = 11) plating for CPS were included. The mean age was 62.6 years. Medical records were reviewed and radiological parameters including segmental height, segmental angle, C2–C7 angle, and fusion status were analyzed. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 21.3 months.

Results.
After ACDF with plating, segmental height, segmental angle, and C2–C7 angle were significantly improved compared with preoperative conditions and remained well-maintained at the last follow-up. After ACDF without plating, three radiological parameters were also initially improved compared with preoperative condition, but significantly deteriorated to preoperative levels at the time of the last follow-up. The fusion rate was higher in the ACDF with plating group compared with the ACDF without plating group (90.9% vs. 63.6%; P < 0.01). One patient who received ACDF with plating and four patients who received ACDF without plating underwent revision surgery due to nonunion or bone graft dislodgement. No recurrence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis occurred in either group.

Conclusion.
ACDF with plating showed better surgical outcomes compared with ACDF without plating for CPS. We recommend the use of anterior cervical plating, which can provide biomechanical stability, for better healing of CPS. To our knowledge, this is the largest surgical case series of CPS.

Level of Evidence: 4
Survival Outcomes After Adding Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: He Liru , Liu Yang , Han Hui , Liu Zhuowei , Huang Sijuan , Cao Wufei , Liu Boji , Qin Zike , Guo Shengjie , Zhang Zhiling , Lin Maosheng , Jiang Xiaobo , Lin Chengguang , Li Yonghong , Yao Kai , Dong Pei , Zhou Fangjian 
Published: October 2019

Objective:Long-lasting control is rarely achieved with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) alone in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Our study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes of adding stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to TKI in mRCC.Materials and Methods:From September 2015 to September 2018, 56 patients treated with TKI received SBRT for 103 unresectable lesions. A total of 24 and 32 patients were irradiated before and after TKI failure, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from metastases. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated from SBRT.Results:Overall, 10, 32, and 12 patients had International Metastatic Renal CellCarcinomaDatabase Consortium favorable, intermediate, and poor risk. Median follow-up was 21.7 months (range, 5.1 to 110.6 mo). Median OS was 61.2 months. The median PFS was 11.5 months, while the 2-year LC rate was 94%. Sixteen (34%) lesions achieved complete response (CR) in patients irradiated before TKI failure, whereas only 4 (7%) lesions yielded CR in those irradiated after TKI failure (P=0.001). The median PFS in CR group was significantly longer than that of non-CR group (18.9 vs. 7.1 mo;P=0.003). The 5-year OS in CR group was 86%, compared with 48% in non-CR group (P=0.010). Four (7%) patients experienced Grade 3 toxicity.Conclusions:Adding SBRT to TKI is safe and seems to improve survival in mRCC. Patients irradiated before TKI failure have higher CR rate, and the favorable local response might turn into survival benefit.
Women Are at Higher Risk for Concussions Due to Ball or Equipment Contact in Soccer and Lacrosse
Authors: Ling Daphne I. , Cheng Jennifer , Santiago Kristen , Ammerman Brittany , Jivanelli Bridget , Hannafin Jo , Casey Ellen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
There is ample evidence to suggest sex- and gender-based differences in the incidence of sports-related concussions. The mechanisms of concussion may vary between male and female athletes and contribute to this observed difference. Understanding the underlying etiology by pooling data from primary studies across different settings and sport types will inform interventions that can reduce concussion rates.

Questions/purposes
Specifically, we asked: (1) In which sports are female athletes less likely to experience concussions from player contact? (2) In which sports are female athletes more likely to experience concussions because of ball or equipment contact?

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify articles published from January 2000 to December 2018. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, which were studies that reported concussion incidence by mechanism for both male and female athletes. Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, conference abstracts, and studies on non-sports related concussions. The sports represented by the 10 studies included ice hockey (n = 4), soccer (n = 5), basketball (n = 4), baseball/softball (n = 4), and lacrosse (n = 5). The rate ratio was calculated as the incidence rate in female athletes/male athletes for each concussion mechanism or activity. Data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
Female athletes were at lower risk of player-contact-induced concussions in lacrosse (pooled rate ratio 0.33 [95% CI 0.25 to 0.43]; p < 0.001), basketball (pooled rate ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.76 to 0.97]; p = 0.01), ice hockey (pooled rate ratio 0.64 [95% CI 0.56 to 0.73]; p < 0.001), soccer (pooled rate ratio 0.70 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.75]; p < 0.001), and soccer heading (pooled rate ratio 0.80 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.90]; p < 0.001); in these sports, men were at higher risk of concussions from player contact. Female athletes were more likely to experience concussions because of ball or equipment contact in lacrosse (pooled rate ratio 3.24 [95% CI 2.10 to 4.99]; p < 0.001), soccer (pooled rate ratio 2.04 [95% CI 1.67 to 2.49]; p < 0.001), and soccer heading (pooled rate ratio 2.63 [95% CI 1.84 to 3.77]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The mechanism or activity underlying concussions differs between male and female athletes across different sports. This finding remains the same regardless of whether there are rule differences between the men’s and women’s games. The implementation of other interventions are required to further ensure player safety, including protective head equipment, concussion prevention training, or rules limiting player contact in the men’s game.

Level of Evidence
Level III, retrospective study.
Nail Anatomy, Nail Psoriasis, and Nail Extensor Enthesitis Theory: What Is the Link?
Authors: Perrin Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
The concept of the nail unit as a musculoskeletal appendage has become popular in the dermatological and rheumatological literature. However, an exact knowledge of the characteristics of mesenchyme surrounding the nail such as the composition of the collagen and elastic fibers and their arrangement is fundamental before one can propose a constitutive model. To the best of my knowledge, there is no study in the literature concerning the elastic network of the ligamentous connective tissue of the base of the distal phalanx. This study by means of elastic stains demonstrates that the so-called superficial, deep, and lateral laminae of the extensor tendon correspond to 3 different microanatomic structures: the nail dermis and its fibrous root, the subcutaneous proximal nail fold, and the periosteum. The complex fascial and adipose connective tissue of the proximal nail fold surrounds the matrical dermis and could viewed as a kind of suspensory system for the proximal nail unit. Such suspensory system protects the nail matrix epithelium from the biomechanical strain of the extensor mechanism. Near the ulnar and radial edge of the base of the phalanx, focal interconnections between the fibrous root of the apex of the matrix and the periosteum through a fascia-like structure are visible. In its most lateral zone, the matrical horns lie on a thick dermis connected to the interosseous ligament. Such lateral laminar system serves as anchoring ropes for the vault of the nail plate. The nail–extensor enthesitis theory relies on an oversimplified anatomy because the nail unit is an epidermal appendage with a specialized connection with the lateral periosteum, but not a musculoskeletal appendage. Finally, I would like to emphasize, the practical importance of recognizing the matrical hypoderm. In nail surgery, the interface between the matrical nail dermis and its submatrical loose connective tissue is potentially a new, relatively superficial, surgical cleaving plane, beside the classical deep surgical procedure usually extending to the periosteum. Recognition of this additional cleaving plane leads to an optimal nail tangential biopsy.