bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Completeness of Interventions Reported in Published Randomized Controlled Trials in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Evans Sheridan , Rauh Shelby , Jellison Samuel , Diener Brian , Agha Riaz , Vassar Matt 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
With the increasing number of randomized control trials being conducted and published in plastic surgery, complete reporting of trial information is critical for readers to properly evaluate a trial’s methodology and arrive at appropriate conclusions about its merits and applicability to patients. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was introduced to address the limited guidance for reporting trial interventions.

Objectives
The authors applied the TIDieR checklist to evaluate the completeness of intervention reporting of randomized control trials in plastic surgery, compare the quality of intervention reporting before and after the guideline was published, and evaluate characteristics associated with TIDieR compliance.

Methods
A PubMed search identified 1 cohort published prior to the release of TIDieR and another published after its release. From the final sample, the TIDieR checklist was applied to intervention descriptions, and relevant study characteristics were extracted in a duplicate, blinded manner.

Results
In total, 130 trials were included for analysis. The mean TIDieR score was 6.4 of 12. Five items were reported 90% of the time, and 4 items were reported less than 10% of the time. We found that TIDieR publication did not affect intervention reporting (P = 0.22).

Conclusions
Our study identified areas in which intervention reporting could be improved. The extent of TIDieR adoption by trialists appears to be limited, and greater efforts are needed to disseminate this reporting guideline if widespread uptake is to be expected. Alternately, it may be beneficial to incorporate TIDieR into the more widely recognized Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement.
Sample Multiplexing: Increased Throughput for Quantification of Total Testosterone in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Colletti Julia D , Redor-Goldman Mildred M , Pomperada Agustin E , Ghoshal Amit K , Wu William W , McPhaul Michael J , Clarke Nigel J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
For high-volume assays, optimizing throughput reduces test cost and turn-around time. One approach for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays is sample multiplexing, wherein the analyte of interest is derivatized in different specimens with reagents of different molecular weight (differential mass tagging). Specimens can then be combined and simultaneously analyzed within a single injection to improve throughput. Here we developed and validated a quantitative, sample-multiplexed LC-MS/MS assay for serum total testosterone (TT) based on this approach.

METHODS
For the sample-multiplexed assay, calibrators, controls, and patient specimens were first extracted separately. After mass tagging with either methoxyamine or hydroxylamine, they were combined and injected into the LC-MS/MS system. To evaluate assay performance, we determined limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, recovery, and imprecision. A method-comparison study was also performed, comparing the new assay with the standard LC-MS/MS assay in 1574 patient specimens.

RESULTS
The method was linear from 2.5 to 2000 ng/dL, with accuracies from 93% to 104% for both derivatives. An LOQ of 1.0 ng/dL was achieved. Intra-assay and total CVs across 4 quality control concentrations were less than 10%. The assay demonstrated good agreement (Deming regression, 1.03x + 6.07) with the standard LC-MS/MS assay for the patient specimens tested (TT, 3 to 4862 ng/dL).

CONCLUSION
Sample multiplexing by differential mass tagging of TT increases LC-MS/MS throughput 2-fold without compromising analytical accuracy and sensitivity.
Risk of infections in patients treated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hang Long , Feng Qi , Tsoi Man Fung , Fei Yue , Cheung Bernard M Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Ticagrelor has been shown to reduce the risk of pneumonia and improve lung function, but the findings across studies were inconsistent. The objective is to investigate the relative safety of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel on infection outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and results
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 15 October 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing ticagrelor and clopidogrel that reported infection outcomes were included. The primary outcome was pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), urinary tract infection (UTI), and sepsis. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by independent authors. Random-effects model was used for data synthesis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Out of 5231 citations, 10 trials with altogether 37 514 patients were included. Ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of pneumonia (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.95) compared to clopidogrel. There were no statistically significant differences for URTI (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.34–1.48), UTI (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.73–1.64), or sepsis (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.50–1.26).

Conclusion
Compared to clopidogrel, ticagrelor reduces the risk of pneumonia, but not URTI, UTI, or sepsis. Our study provides further evidence for recommending ticagrelor to patients with acute coronary syndrome at risk of pneumonia, although the mechanism by which ticagrelor reduces the risk of pneumonia merits further research.
Two-years of investigation revealed the inconsistency of seasonal dynamics of an ectomycorrhizal fungal community in Japanese cool-temperate forest across years
Authors: Sugiyama Yoriko , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Osono Takashi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities show temporal dynamics. Such dynamics have been mainly assessed with 1 year of investigations and have been related to the seasonal changes in environment. Recent study in sub-tropical region has revealed that stochastic temporal-based process can affect ECM fungal community, making the community of the same season different between years. The different community structures across years have also been observed in the Arctic region with a grass host. Nevertheless, in temperate zones, the effect of temporal-based processes and the consistency of seasonal dynamics have never been investigated. We conducted a 2-year root sampling in a cool temperate Fagus crenata forest to test whether the temporal variation of ECM fungal community composition could be explained by season. The explanation powers of temporal distance and environmental factors for the temporal dynamics of ECM fungal community were simultaneously evaluated. The variation in community structure was significantly explained by year but not by season, indicating that seasonal community structure differed between years. This difference in the community structure across years was partly explained by temporal factors. Our study implies that the temporal dynamics of ECM fungal communities in temperate forests are affected by temporal-based factors and can vary across years.
Rhodosporidium toruloides - A potential red yeast chassis for lipids and beyond
Authors: Wen Zhiqiang , Zhang Sufang , Odoh Chuks Kenneth , Jin Mingjie , Zhao Zongbao K 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides naturally produces microbial lipids and carotenoids. In the past decade or so, many studies demonstrated R. toruloides as a promising platform for lipid production owing to its diverse substrate appetites, robust stress resistance and other favorable features. Also, significant progresses have been made in genome sequencing, multi-omic analysis and genome-scale modeling, thus illuminating the molecular basis behind its physiology, metabolism and response to environmental stresses. At the same time, genetic parts and tools are continuously being developed to manipulate this distinctive organism. Engineered R. toruloides strains are emerging for enhanced production of conventional lipids, functional lipids as well as other interesting metabolites. This review updates those progresses and highlights future directions for advanced biotechnological applications.
The Reformed terreur panique of 1562: debating miracles and memory in seventeenth-century Le Mans
Authors: Bernstein Hilary J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Le Mans in July 1562, the Protestant troops who had been occupying the town left abruptly, and the Catholic population soon developed the tradition that the Huguenots’ panic was due to a miracle performed by the town’s patron saint, St. Scholastique. In 1667, Claude Blondeau, a Catholic lawyer, disputed this local memory of the First War of Religion and ignited a published dispute over the nature of historical evidence and the status of Church tradition. Blondeau by no means supported the Reformed takeover of his city, but he also intensely criticized the Catholic retributory violence that followed. The argument over the miracle of St. Scholastique demonstrates that disagreements concerning the memory and meaning of the Wars of Religion endured in French towns into Louis XIV’s reign and had implications for religious toleration and political order at a time when the stipulations of the Edict of Nantes were subject to erosion.
The impact of gamma irradiation and storage on the physicochemical properties of tomato fruits in Ghana
Authors: Gyimah Linda A , Amoatey Harry M , Boatin Rose , Appiah Victoria , Odai Bernard T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Tomato is a popular fruit that makes significant contributions to human nutrition for its content of sugars, acids, vitamins, minerals, lycopene, and other constituents. The fruit, however, has a short shelf life due to its climacteric nature. In view of this, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of postharvest treatment on the physicochemical properties of fresh tomato fruits.

Materials and Methods
Freshly harvested tomato fruits were subjected to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kGy gamma radiation and stored at 10 ± 1°C and 28 ± 1°C. Parameters analysed during the study include pH, total titratable acidity, weight loss, total solids, and moisture content of the sample.

Results
At both storage temperatures, results of the analyses were in the range of 2.80%–38.67% for weight loss, 0.23%–0.51% for total titratable acidity, 3.5%–5.0% for total soluble solids, 94.43%–96.53% for moisture content, and pH was generally low in the samples stored at 10 ± 1°C. Generally, gamma irradiation had an effect on the total soluble solids, total titratable acids, pH values, and moisture content and physiological weight loss at both storage temperatures.

Conclusion
From the study, storing Burkina variety at a low temperature preserves the tomato fruits better than storing them at ambient temperature.
Pinniped Ontogeny as a Window into the Comparative Physiology and Genomics of Hypoxia Tolerance
Authors: Weitzner Emma L , Fanter Cornelia E , Hindle Allyson G 
Published: June 2020

SynopsisDiving physiology has received considerable scientific attention as it is a central element of the extreme phenotype of marine mammals. Many scientific discoveries have illuminated physiological mechanisms supporting diving, such as massive, internally bound oxygen stores and dramatic cardiovascular regulation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that support the diving phenotype remain mostly unexplored as logistic and legal restrictions limit the extent of scientific manipulation possible. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools becoming more widespread and cost-effective, there are new opportunities to explore the diving phenotype. Genomic investigations come with their own challenges, particularly those including cross-species comparisons. Studying the regulatory pathways that underlie diving mammal ontogeny could provide a window into the comparative physiology of hypoxia tolerance. Specifically, in pinnipeds, which shift from terrestrial pups to elite diving adults, there is potential to characterize the transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational differences between contrasting phenotypes while leveraging a common genome. Here we review the current literature detailing the maturation of the diving phenotype in pinnipeds, which has primarily been explored via biomarkers of metabolic capability including antioxidants, muscle fiber typing, and key aerobic and anaerobic metabolic enzymes. We also discuss how NGS tools have been leveraged to study phenotypic shifts within species through ontogeny, and how this approach may be applied to investigate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that develop as pups become elite diving adults. We conclude with a specific example of the Antarctic Weddell seal by overlapping protein biomarkers with gene regulatory microRNA datasets.
Separation and Enrichment of Sudan III Using Surface Modified Hollow Glass Microspheres and Colorimetric Detection
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Wu Shu , Zhang Cengceng , Chen Fang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Sudan III has been shown to be carcinogenic to human beings due to the azo chemical structure. A simple, highly selective, and environmentally friendly pretreatment method is usually required before the analysis of Sudan III in complex practical samples due to low concentration and matrix interference.

Objective
The aim of this research was to prepare buoyant adsorbents, octyl trimethoxysilane caped hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), and establish a new pretreatment method for the detection of Sudan III in real samples.

Method
HGMs were activated and transferred to a flask containing 80 mL ethanol solution (9:1, v/v) and 0.9 mL ammonia. The octyl trimethoxysilane was added to the slurry and covalently coupled on the surface of the HGMs. The modified HGMs were used as adsorbents for the enrichment of Sudan III. After adsorption and desorption, the UV-Vis absorption spectrum was recorded under excitation at 506 nm.

Results
Under the optimum conditions, the linear range and detection limit were 0.10–4.0 mg/L and 0.048 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully employed to detect Sudan III in chili products with acceptable recoveries of spikes (90.7–102%).

Conclusions
The adsorbent, which could be separated by flotation, provided a new solid phase extraction method for the pretreatment of complex samples.

Highlights
A new solid phase extraction method was provided for the pretreatment of complex samples. In addition, the adsorbents with high enrichment efficiency can be easily separated by flotation and repeatedly used for separation and enrichment of Sudan III.
The effect of clitoral stimulation post artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of multiparous Bos indicus beef cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol
Authors: Oliveira Filho Ramiro V , Cooke Reinaldo F , de Mello Gustavo A , Pereira Victor M , Vasconcelos Jose Luiz M , Pohler Ky G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Clitoral stimulation after artificial insemination (AI) in beef cattle is a common practice utilized by AI technicians; however, the effect of clitoral stimulation during fixed-time AI (TAI) is still unknown. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of clitoral stimulation on temperament responses and pregnancy rates to TAI in Bos indicus beef cows. A total of 1,186 multiparous Nellore cows across three different locations were assigned to an estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization + TAI protocol (day −11 to 0). Cows were randomly assigned to receive either 3 s of clitoral stimulation (n = 602) or no clitoral stimulation (n = 584) immediately after TAI (day 0). Cow body condition score (BCS) was recorded on day −11. Estrus expression was evaluated based on estrus detection visual aid patch activation on day 0 (estrus, ≥50% activated; no estrus, &lt;50% activated). Temperament was assessed by individual chute score based on a 5-point scale before TAI, and individual exit velocity was measured after clitoral stimulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 d after TAI via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rate to TAI was positively affected by BCS (P &lt; 0.01) and estrus expression (P = 0.03). Pregnancy rates of cows receiving clitoral stimulation did not differ (P = 0.39) from cows non-stimulated (47.5 ± 4.6% vs. 44.3 ± 4.6%, respectively). No interaction of clitoral stimulation and estrus expression was observed (P = 0.26). Chute score was positively correlated to exit velocity (P &lt; 0.01; r = 0.29); however, clitoral stimulation did not affect exit velocity (P = 0.86). In summary, pregnancy rates to TAI are influenced by various factors and multiple strategies have the potential to increase the fertility of beef cows submitted to TAI; however, clitoral stimulation of Bos indicus beef cows did not improve TAI pregnancy rate.
Spread of Coronavirus 2019 From Wuhan to Rural Villages in the Hubei Province
Authors: You Maolin , Wu Zijing , Yang Yong , Liu Jun , Liu Dehua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to describe the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan to rural villages in the Hubei Province.

Methods
The analysis revealed the following: (1) COVID-19 spread from Wuhan to other cities and rural areas in Hubei, but the disease did not become widespread in rural villages because of strict prevention measures and urbanization; (2) according to the fluctuation in the number of confirmed cases reported in Hubei after January 23, 2020, we inferred that the infected patients on the same day will become ill during the next 20 days; (3) the advanced traffic system facilitates the direct spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan to counties, towns, and villages in the Hubei Province.

Results
There is a low possibility of COVID-19 spread from prefecture-level cities to rural areas.

Conclusions
The findings imply that the government should limit the travelers from the cities to the rural areas, pay more attention to the prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in cities, and appropriately prolong the isolated observation period of travelers.
A Cluster of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Indicating Person-to-Person Transmission Among Casual Contacts From Social Gatherings: An Outbreak Case-Contact Investigation
Authors: Shen Ye , Xu Wenjie , Li Changwei , Handel Andreas , Martinez Leonardo , Ling Feng , Ebell Mark , Fu Xiaofei , Pan Jinren , Ren Jiangping , Gu Weiling , Chen Enfu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the pathogen causing novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), efficiently spreads from person to person in close contact settings. Transmission among casual contacts in settings such as during social gatherings is not well understood.

Methods
We report several transmission events to both close and casual contacts from a cluster of 7 COVID-19 cases occurring from mid-January to early February 2020. A total of 539 social and family contacts of the index patient’s, including members of a 2-day wedding and a family party, were contacted and screened through epidemiologic surveys. The clinical progression of all cases is described.

Results
We estimate the secondary attack rate among close contacts to be 29% (2 of 7) and for the casual contacts to be 0.6% (3 of 473). The incubation period of our case cluster was 4–12 days (median, 7 days).

Conclusions
Transmission efficiency among close contacts was higher than among casual contacts; however, transmission from second-generation cases may help spread the virus during the incubation period.
Massive core/star formation triggered by cloud–cloud collision: Effect of magnetic field
Authors: Sakre Nirmit , Habe Asao , Pettitt Alex R , Okamoto Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of magnetic field on massive dense core formation in colliding unequal molecular clouds by performing magnetohydrodynamic simulations with sub-parsec resolution (0.015 pc) that can resolve the molecular cores. Initial clouds with the typical gas density of the molecular clouds are immersed in various uniform magnetic fields. The turbulent magnetic fields in the clouds consistent with the observation by Crutcher et al. (2010, ApJ, 725, 466) are generated by the internal turbulent gas motion before the collision, if the uniform magnetic field strength is 4.0 μG. The collision speed of 10 km s−1 is adopted, which is much larger than the sound speeds and the Alfvén speeds of the clouds. We identify gas clumps with gas densities greater than 5 × 10−20 g cm−3 as the dense cores and trace them throughout the simulations to investigate their mass evolution and gravitational boundness. We show that a greater number of massive, gravitationally bound cores are formed in the strong magnetic field (4.0 μG) models than the weak magnetic field (0.1 μG) models. This is partly because the strong magnetic field suppresses the spatial shifts of the shocked layer that should be caused by the nonlinear thin shell instability. The spatial shifts promote the formation of low-mass dense cores in the weak magnetic field models. The strong magnetic fields also support low-mass dense cores against gravitational collapse. We show that the numbers of massive, gravitationally bound cores formed in the strong magnetic field models are much larger than in the isolated, non-colliding cloud models, which are simulated for comparison. We discuss the implications of our numerical results on massive star formation.
Identifying Modern Macro Equations with Old Shocks*
Authors: Barnichon Regis , Mesters Geert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite decades of research, the consistent estimation of structural forward-looking macroeconomic equations remains a formidable empirical challenge because of pervasive endogeneity issues. Prominent cases—the estimation of Phillips curves, Euler equations, or monetary policy rules—have typically relied on using predetermined variables as instruments, with mixed success. In this work, we propose a new approach that consists in using sequences of independently identified structural shocks as instrumental variables. Our approach is robust to weak instruments and is valid regardless of the shocks’ variance contribution. We estimate a Phillips curve using monetary shocks as instruments and find that conventional methods substantially underestimate the slope of the Phillips curve.