bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Short-Range Movement of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Rate of Spread of Feeding Injury Among Strawberry Plants
Authors: Panthi Babu R , Renkema Justin M , Lahiri Sriyanka , Liburd Oscar E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infest strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne, Rosaceae) fields from nearby crop fields and surrounding vegetation and cause injury to plants by feeding on young leaf tissues. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the short-range movement of S. dorsalis to assess the risk of an early S. dorsalis population to spread to adjacent plants. In a greenhouse, 25 potted strawberry plants were arranged in two concentric rows around a central plant, where plants in inner rows were 20 cm, and those in the outer rows were 40 cm from the central plant. In the field, 20 strawberry plants were arranged in two beds (90 cm apart), ten in each bed, and five plants in each row, with plants 30 cm apart. White sticky cards were placed at 60–120 cm from the central plant. Fifty S. dorsalis adults were released on a centrally located plant, and the numbers of S. dorsalis adults and larvae and feeding injury were recorded for 9–17 d on adjacent plants and sticky cards. Results showed that significantly more S. dorsalis adults and larvae remained on the initially infested plant compared to adjacent plants, although few adults were found up to 120 cm on sticky cards. The rate of spread of feeding injury was low with slight bronzing injury (&lt;10% injury) on adjacent plants by 14–17 d. Since most S. dorsalis remained on initially infested plants for at least 2 wk, it is feasible to delay management actions and ‘rescue’ plants around a plant with minor injury symptoms.
Does local injection of reveromycin A inhibit tooth movement without causing systemic side effects?
Authors: Kako Shunsuke , Tabuchi Masako , Miyazawa Ken , Tanaka Miyuki , Minamoto Chisato , Asano Yuichiro , Kimura Fumika , Aoki Yuki , Sato Takuma , Kawatani Makoto , Osada Hiroyuki , Maeda Hatsuhiko , Goto Shigemi 
Published: October 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of local inhibition of osteoclast activity and control of tooth movement with local intraoral reveromycin A (RMA) injection in model mice for experimental tooth movement.Materials and methodsEight-week-old wild-type mice (n = 6 per group) were divided into four groups consisting of two non-RMA groups that received normal saline for 14 (14-day non-RMA group) or 21 consecutive days (21-day non-RMA group) and 2 RMA groups that received RMA (1.0 mg/kg of weight) for 14 (14-day RMA group) or 21 consecutive days (21-day RMA group). RMA was injected locally into the buccal mucosa of the left first maxillary molar twice daily starting 3 days before placement of the 10-gf Ni-Ti closed coil spring. Tooth movement distance was analysed using micro-computed tomography. The effects on surrounding alveolar bone were evaluated by measuring the ratio of bone surface area to tissue surface area with haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and counting the number of osteoclasts in periodontal tissue with TRAP-stained sections. Blood tests were performed and bone volume and trabecular separation at the tibial neck were measured to analyse systemic side effects.ResultsLocal RMA injection inhibited tooth movement by 40.6 per cent, promoted alveolar bone volume maintenance by 37.4 per cent, and inhibited osteoclast activity around the tooth root at 21 days by 40.8 per cent. Systemic effects on osteoclasts or osteoblasts were not observed.ConclusionLocal injection of RMA enabled control of tooth movement without systemic side effects in a mouse model.
Sibling Models, Categorical Outcomes, and the Intra-Class Correlation
Authors: Breen Richard , Ermisch John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn sibling models with categorical outcomes the question arises of how best to calculate the intraclass correlation, ICC. We show that, for this purpose, the random effects linear probability model is preferable to a random effects non-linear probability model, such as a logit or probit. This is because, for a binary outcome, the ICC derived from a random effects linear probability model is a non-parametric estimate of the ICC, equivalent to a statistic called Cohen’s κ. Furthermore, because κ can be calculated when the outcome has more than two categories, we can use the random effects linear probability model to compute a single ICC in cases with more than two outcome categories. Lastly, ICCs are often compared between groups to show the degree to which sibling differences vary between groups: we show that when the outcome is categorical these comparisons are invalid. We suggest alternative measures for this purpose.
Cadmium transport activity of four mercury transporters (MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT) and effects of the periplasmic mercury-binding protein MerP on Mer-dependent cadmium uptake
Authors: Ohshiro Yuka , Uraguchi Shimpei , Nakamura Ryosuke , Takanezawa Yasukazu , Kiyono Masako 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Mercury superfamily proteins, i.e. inner membrane-spanning proteins (MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT) and a periplasmic mercury-binding protein (MerP), transport mercury into the cytoplasm. A previous study demonstrated that a Mer transporter homolog exhibits cadmium transport activity; based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the cadmium transport activity of MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT and the effects of MerP co-expression in Escherichia coli. Bacteria expressing MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT without MerP were more sensitive to cadmium and significantly absorbed more cadmium than did the control strain. Expression of MerP in combination with MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT increased the bacterial sensitivity to cadmium and cadmium accumulation compared to a single expression of MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT. Cadmium uptake mediated by MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT was inhibited under cold or acidic conditions. These findings suggest that MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT are broad-spectrum heavy metal transporters that mediate both mercury and cadmium transport into cells and that MerP accelerates the cadmium transport ability of MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT.
Differential Effects of Sulfur Amino Acid-Restricted and Low-Calorie Diets on Gut Microbiome Profile and Bile Acid Composition in Male C57BL6/J Mice
Authors: Nichenametla Sailendra N , Mattocks Dwight A L , Midya Vishal , Shneyder Jelena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diet can affect health and longevity by altering the gut microbiome profile. Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR), like caloric restriction, extends lifespan. But, its effect on the gut microbiome profile and functional significance of such effects are understudied. We investigated whether SAAR alters the gut microbiome profile and bile acid composition, an index of microbial metabolism. We also compared these changes with those induced by a 12% low-calorie diet (LCD). Male 21-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed control (CD; 0.86% methionine), SAAR (0.12% methionine), and LCD diets (0.86% methionine). After 10 weeks on the diet, plasma markers and fecal microbial profiles were determined. SAAR mice had lower body weights and IGF-1, and higher food intake and FGF-21 than CD mice. Compared to SAAR mice, LCD mice had higher body weights, and lower FGF-21 and food intake, but similar IGF-1. β-Diversity indices were different between SAAR and LCD, and LCD and CD, but not between CD and SAAR. In groupwise comparisons of individual taxa, differences were more discernable between SAAR and LCD than between other groups. Abundances of Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae, and Turicibacteraceae were higher, but Verrucomicrobia was lower in SAAR than in LCD. Secondary bile acids and the ratio of secondary to primary bile acids were lower in SAAR than in LCD. SAAR favored bile acid conjugation with glycine at the expense of taurine. Overall, SAAR and LCD diets induced distinct changes in the gut microbiome and bile acid profiles. Additional studies on the role of these changes in improving health and lifespan are warranted.
A Social–Ecological Model of Grandparenting Experiences: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Ng Esperanza Debby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGrandparenting trends have been increasing due to rises in female employment, economic stressors, and single-parent families. Because the level of grandparental involvement could either result in beneficial or adverse physical and mental health outcomes, this review aims to use a social–ecological model to compare the childcare experiences of primary and nonprimary grandparent caregivers and the effects of childcare on their physical and emotional health.Research Design and MethodsThis is a systematic review. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for qualitative papers. A thematic analysis was conducted, and data were framed using the social–ecological model.ResultsSeventy-four qualitative studies were included. Four themes were generated: intrapersonal: attitudes and motivations (obligation and sense of responsibility, limited physical health, and emotional resources), interpersonal: relationships with grandchildren and adult children (grandparental roles and gendered differences, forging bonds with grandchildren, role ambiguities, conflicts and drawing boundaries, and support and relationships with others), organizational: social services and educational needs, and policy: financial and legal issues. Grandparental well-being is likely to be dependent on the context of the childcare provided, relational bonds with adult children and grandchildren, and the availability of a community and institutional, legal, and financial support.Discussion and ImplicationsThe act of grandparenting is laden with cost and reward. To ensure a better quality of life in grandparents’ later years, joint efforts between policymakers, educators, and organizations are required to meet their childcare support needs such that they can fulfill their grandparenting roles with ease.
Investigating salience strategies to counteract obesity
Authors: Pinero de Plaza Maria Alejandra , Taghian Mehdi , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando , Barrera-Causil Carlos J , Hall John 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe investigation of the characteristics and attributes that make a brand prominent for shoppers is known as salience research. This line of study concentrates on influencing buying behaviors via the manipulation of shopping environments and food products. Such promotional strategies successfully attract massive food sales and therefore have been associated with changes in dietary patterns and the epidemic expansion of non-communicable diseases, like obesity. Marketers have empirically proven that global buying patterns are influenced by their salience strategies and techniques. However, despite the significance of such methods, empirical salience investigations have rarely been extended beyond their primary business focus to the field of health promotion. Therefore, this study is presenting a way of transferring the salience knowledge to the health promotion field in order to track dietary choices and possibly gain information to identify buying and eating behaviors connected to obesity. The salience literature from various disciplines permits to hypothesize that consumers are more likely to have unhealthy diets when food-choices and conditions are saliently manipulated. A quasi-experimental method (combining salience measures with Bayesian analysis) was used to test this proposition. The results support the hypothesis and endorse the introduced research tool. As predicted, data reflect the latest national overweight and obesity statistics and suggest that habitual unhealthy diets are more likely when salience strategies link food products to taste, social and emotional attributes. These preliminary findings encourage further investigation to enhance the method as a possible epidemiological tool.
Prenatal exposure to mercury and precocious puberty: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Wang Guoying , Tang Wan-Yee , Ji Hongkai , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is in utero exposure to mercury associated with the risk of precocious puberty?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Prenatal exposure to high levels of mercury was associated with increased risk of precocious puberty, which was strengthened by concomitant maternal cardiometabolic conditions and adverse birth outcomes.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
The developing fetus is sensitive to mercury, a well-known endocrine disruptor which impacts the endocrine and reproductive system.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This study included 1512 mother–child pairs from the Boston Birth Cohort, a longitudinal cohort which recruited at birth and followed prospectively up to 21 years of age.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Mother–child pairs, from a predominantly urban minority population, were enrolled from 2002 to 2013. Prenatal exposure was assessed by maternal mercury concentration in red blood cells (RBCs) collected at 1–3 days after delivery. Precocious puberty was defined based on International Classification of Disease codes. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to the association between maternal mercury concentrations and the risk of precocious puberty.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
The median (interquartile range) of maternal mercury concentrations among children with and without precocious puberty were 3.4 (1.9–4.6) µg/l and 2.0 (1.0–3.7) µg/l, respectively. Compared to those in the lowest tertile for mercury, the highest tertile was associated with increased risk of precocious puberty, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.41, 95% CI: 1.16–5.03. In addition, concomitant maternal cardiometabolic conditions and adverse birth outcomes strengthened the effects of mercury on the risk of precocious puberty. The highest risk of precocious puberty was observed among children who had adverse birth outcomes and whose mothers had high RBC-mercury concentrations along with cardiometabolic conditions, with an HR of 4.76 (95% CI: 1.66–13.60) compared to children with favorable profiles of all three risk factors.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Precocious puberty was defined based on medical records, not on a direct assessment, which may have led to underdiagnosis and the inability to make a subclassification. The study included a predominately urban, low-income, minority population and as such our findings may not be widely generalizable.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Prenatal Hg exposure was associated with an increased risk of precocious puberty. This risk was strengthened by concomitant maternal cardiometabolic conditions during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This study was funded by the NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Pneumothorax in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia with invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Özdemir Servet , Bilgi Deniz Özel , Köse Selçuk , Oya Gülsüm 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for pneumothorax in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.

METHODS
The prevalence of pneumothorax was retrospectively reviewed in 107 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and treated in an ICU in Turkey between 11 March 2020 and 30 April 2020.

RESULTS
The patients were aged 19–92 years; 37 (34.6%) were women. Pneumothorax developed in 8 (7.5%) of the intubated patients. Four (50%) of the patients with pneumothorax and 68 (68.7%) of those without it died. In the univariable logistic regression analysis of the presence of comorbid diseases (P = 0.91), positive end-expiratory pressure (P = 0.18), compliance (P = 0.93), peak pressure (P = 0.41) and the Horowitz index (P = 0.13) did not show statistically significant effects in increasing the risk of pneumothorax.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant increase or decrease in the risk of pneumothorax in patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation after the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019-related pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, consideration of the risk of pneumothorax in these individuals may have the potential to improve the prognoses in such settings.
Cohomological Invariants in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Totaro Burt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe determine the mod $p$ cohomological invariants for several affine group schemes $G$ in characteristic $p$. These are invariants of $G$-torsors with values in étale motivic cohomology, or equivalently in Kato’s version of Galois cohomology based on differential forms. In particular, we find the mod 2 cohomological invariants for the symmetric groups and the orthogonal groups in characteristic 2, which Serre computed in characteristic not 2. We also determine all operations on the mod $p$ étale motivic cohomology of fields, extending Vial’s computation of the operations on the mod $p$ Milnor K-theory of fields.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Sentinel Node Tracer Injection: Effects on Breast MRI Quality
Authors: Chapman Molly C , Lee Amie Y , Hayward Jessica H , Joe Bonnie N , Price Elissa R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the MRI artifact rendered by the typical injection of a ferromagnetic tracer now being intermittently used for intraoperative sentinel node (SN) identification at our institution, and to explore its impact on postoperative imaging and management.

Methods
This study was Institutional Review Board-approved and granted a waiver of consent. A database search tool was used to identify MRI exams performed on patients who had previously undergone breast-conserving surgery with use of a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) SN tracer between January 1, 2015, and May 1, 2020. MRI reports, images, and relevant demographic, oncologic, and surgical history were collected. The presence or absence of SPIO residue on breast MRI, as well as its impact on image quality, were extracted from the prospective reports.

Results
A total of 21 MRI exams were identified in 16 patients who had undergone breast-conservation therapy for cancer with use of SPIO SN tracer. Mean time from particle injection to baseline postoperative MRI exam was 10.8 months. All reports (21/21) noted evidence of SPIO residue. Of these, 5/21 were assessed as non-diagnostic; the remainder were assessed as limited.

Conclusion
Radiologists should be aware of the use of superparamagnetic tracers for SN identification and the impact on the quality of future MRI examinations. Alternative injection approaches are being developed and sequence parameters adjusted to minimize artifact.
Health Care Disparities in Breast Cancer: The Economics of Access to Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Mootz Ann , Arjmandi Firouzeh , Dogan Basak E , Evans W Phil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The widespread acceptance of screening mammography for early detection, along with advances in treatment, have combined to decrease the overall mortality rate from breast cancer. However, significant disparities in health outcomes persist. Socioeconomic factors, including the ability to obtain private insurance, income, education, disparities in the quality of healthcare delivery, and race, as well as the ability to access and complete the most advanced breast cancer treatments, form part of a complex constellation of factors that contribute to disparity in breast cancer mortality. Here, we review some of the factors influencing this disparity and discuss some of the methods that have been suggested for closing the gap in breast cancer outcomes, using our perspective as breast imaging physicians serving both a safety-net hospital and tertiary healthcare system.
The North-East Can Make It. Post-war Design Exhibitions at the Laing Art Gallery (Newcastle)
Authors: Anguix Laia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 1945, CB Stevenson, curator of the Laing Art Gallery (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK), predicted a crisis in the local economy in connection with the changes that the city’s industries underwent during the Second World War. He felt that the Laing could provide creative solutions to the crisis by ‘drawing attention to the importance of good design and craftsmanship in our manufactures’ and by showing ‘the widespread application of art to things of everyday life’.1 Between 1945 and the curator’s death in 1957, the Laing held over twenty design-related exhibitions intended to illustrate the connection between art and industry and to share ‘what the North could make’, following the path opened by the exhibition Britain Can Make it, held in London in 1946.2 This article brings attention to the Laing’s commitment to exhibit transnational and local crafts, graphic arts and industrial design and to support North-Eastern industries within the challenging post-war context. This narrative counteracts the dominant London-based history of British design by offering a case study that evidences the role played by regional art galleries in the promotion of modern design.
Moving to opportunity? The geography of the foreclosure crisis and the importance of location
Authors: Makridis Christos A , Ohlrogge Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over 6 million households experienced foreclosure during the financial crisis. Where did they move, how did they fare and why? First, we create a new longitudinal dataset between 2006 and 2011 from households’ date of foreclosure to their relocation. Despite significant heterogeneity in mobility outcomes, we find that individuals move to, on average, higher quality locations. However, these locations are sometimes worse than what a household would have chosen at random, on average, within the same state. Second, to investigate the source behind these plausibly suboptimal moves, we quantify the contributions of three different hypotheses—(i) local labor market conditions, (ii) local composition effects and (iii) state foreclosure institutions—toward mobility outcomes. Third, we find that individuals who move counties relocate to areas with 2.3% higher income, relative to those moving across census tracts in the same county. In sum, while our results suggest that the average foreclosed household ‘moved toward opportunity’, labor market frictions can play an important role in mediating the reallocation of labor over a business cycle.