bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant airway obstruction
Authors: Choi Hoon Sik , Jeong Bae Kwon , Jeong Hojin , Ha In Bong , Kang Ki Mun 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundA significant proportion of lung cancer patients suffer from malignant airway obstruction (MAO). Palliative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is often used to control the symptoms caused by MAO. In this study, we report the effect of palliative EBRT on lung cancer with MAO and analyze the factors that influence it.MethodsThis study included 75 patients with MAO in lung cancer who underwent palliative EBRT, between 2009 and 2018 and were analyzed retrospectively. Change of dyspnea, tumor response, and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors for treatment outcomes.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 2.5 months, and median OS was 2.3 months. Out of 75 patients, dyspnea was improved in 46 patients (61.3%), and tumor was partially decreased in 39 patients (52%). Symptoms improved in all tumor responding patients. The symptom improvement was significantly affected by radiation dose and time to EBRT. The tumor response was significantly affected by pathology, radiation dose, and time to EBRT.ConclusionsPalliative EBRT is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with MAO in lung cancer. In particular, high‐dose irradiation and prompt treatment can improve treatment results.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyIn MAO patients, tumor response is an important factor for resolving dyspnea and improving survival rate. In order to increase the tumor response, high‐dose irradiation and prompt treatment after symptoms occur are necessary.What this study addsOur study reported the effects of EBRT and prognostic factors in MAO patients. We emphasize that palliative EBRT is a relatively safe and effective treatment in MAO patients, which is a complement to previous studies.
Successful afatinib rechallenge in a patient with non‐small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR G719C and S768I mutations
Authors: Masuda Tomomi , Sunaga Noriaki , Kasahara Norimitsu , Takehara Kazutaka , Yatomi Masakiyo , Hara Kenichiro , Koga Yasuhiko , Maeno Toshitaka , Hisada Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that afatinib is beneficial for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, while the effectiveness of afatinib rechallenge has not been fully defined. Here, we report a long‐term survival case of NSCLC harboring concomitant EGFR G719C and S768I mutations who received afatinib rechallenge followed by chemotherapy. The present case suggests that combined therapeutic strategies such as afatinib plus sequential chemotherapy would be beneficial based on appropriately timed rebiopsies from recurrent lesions.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study and what this study addsA NSCLC patient carrying EGFR G719X/S768I mutations survived for a long period of time with afatinib rechallenge followed by chemotherapy. Combined therapeutic strategies should be considered based on rebiopsies in appropriate timing in NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations.
Unarmed Militancy: Tactical Victories, Subjectivity, and Legitimacy in Bolivian Street Protest
Authors: Bjork‐James Carwil 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMoments of intense physical confrontation between protesters and security forces have become iconic parts of political protest. These asymmetrical tactical encounters have been pivotal to successful Latin American revolts against neoliberalism and regime‐displacing protest movements. Based on ethnographic engagement and oral history interviews with Bolivian activists in Cochabamba and La Paz, this article characterizes an overlooked tactical stance: unarmed militancy, which I define as the use of forceful, combative tactics that are nonetheless qualitatively less damaging than those of their (usually state) adversaries. Unarmed militants complicate the binary of violence and nonviolence often used to strategize and analyze protest. Unarmed militants claim some of the moral purity of nonviolence and of those victimized by state repression. Yet, they also physically fight back to hold physical space and interrupt daily life. Neither provocateurs nor extremists, unarmed militants collaborate in achieving the tactical and strategic goals of mass mobilizations. This article examines the material processes of on‐the‐street collaboration, the subjectivity of demonstrators, the narratives surrounding protest, and the moral understandings of just and unjust uses of force as elements that can make unarmed militancy effective. [political legitimacy, tactics, protest, repression, revolution]
Risk of pump thrombosis and stroke in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices and gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Szymanski Thomas W. , Weeks Phillip A. , Patel Chandni J. , Jezovnik Mateja K. , Gulbis Brian , Nathan Sriram S. , Jumean Marwan F. , Radovancevic Rajko , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication following the placement of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in patients with advanced heart failure. Secondary events arising as a result of GI bleeding have not been well‐described. Furthermore, attribution of these events to bleeding is complicated by the interruption or de‐intensification of antithrombotic therapy, while bleeding is controlled. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of pump thrombosis and ischemic stroke in patients with LVADs who experience GI bleeding, while on support. This was a single‐center, retrospective, observational cohort study of consecutive patients with LVADs implanted from January 2012 to June 2018. Patients were assigned to comparator groups based on whether they experienced GI bleeding while on LVAD support. The primary endpoint assessed was the composite of pump thrombosis or ischemic stroke. Secondary endpoints assessed included incidence of pump thrombosis or ischemic stroke. A total of 250 patients were included after screening for exclusion criteria, 101 (40.4%) in the GI bleeding group, and 149 (59.6%) in the non‐bleeding group. The incidence of pump thrombosis or ischemic stroke was not significantly greater in patients experiencing GI bleeding [23 (22.8%) vs. 21 (14.1%); P = .09]; however, the incidence of ischemic stroke alone was significantly greater [17 (16.8%) vs. 10 (6.7%); P = .01]. We conclude that GI bleeding in LVAD patients may be associated with a greater risk of ischemic stroke.
Letter: off‐label use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lansdorp Corine A. , Buskens Christianne J. , Gecse Krisztina B. , D’Haens Geert R. A. M. , van Hulst Rob A. 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Simsek et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15229 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15806.
Clinical outcomes of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants and acenocoumarol for stroke prevention in contemporary practice: A population‐based propensity‐weighted cohort study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Bernal Clara L. , Santa‐Ana‐Téllez Yared , García‐Sempere Aníbal , Hurtado Isabel , Peiró Salvador , Sanfélix‐Gimeno Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

AimsAcenocoumarol is a vitamin‐K antagonist (VKA) primarily used in certain countries (e.g. India, Netherlands, Spain). The half‐life of acenocoumarol is similar to that of non‐VKA oral anticoagulants (NOAC), unlike warfarin, and this could affect comparative effectiveness and safety (CES). However, data on CES for NOAC come almost exclusively from studies using warfarin as the comparator. We aimed to assess outcomes of NOAC and acenocoumarol in people with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsThis is a population‐based retrospective cohort study. All new users of oral anticoagulants from November 2011 to December 2015 with NVAF were included (n = 41,560). Data were obtained by linking several health electronic records of the Valencia region, Spain. Incidence rates were estimated. We used the inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox analysis to control for indication bias when assessing the risk of effectiveness and safety outcomes for each NOAC compared with acenocoumarol. Several sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsWe did not find differences in the risk of mortality, ischaemic stroke or any gastrointestinal bleeding. However, we did find a decreased risk of intracranial haemorrhage for dabigatran (HR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.20–0.56) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.85) as compared to acenocoumarol. In subanalyses, apixaban showed a higher risk of ischaemic stroke in high‐risk persons (≥75 years and CHA2DS2‐VASC score ≥ 2).ConclusionsNo differences in clinical outcomes were found between NOAC and acenocoumarol overall, although dabigatran and rivaroxaban showed a lower risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Findings on the potential inferiority of specific NOAC in high‐risk subgroups should be studied further.
Low‐accommodation and backwater effects on sequence stratigraphic surfaces and depositional architecture of fluvio‐deltaic settings (Cretaceous Mesa Rica Sandstone, Dakota Group, USA)
Authors: van Yperen Anna E. , Holbrook John M. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Myers Cody , Midtkandal Ivar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe adequate documentation and interpretation of regional‐scale stratigraphic surfaces is paramount to establish correlations between continental and shallow marine strata. However, this is often challenged by the amalgamated nature of low‐accommodation settings and control of backwater hydraulics on fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy. Exhumed examples of full‐transect depositional profiles across river‐to‐delta systems are key to improve our understanding about interacting controlling factors and resultant stratigraphy. This study utilizes the ~400 km transect of the Cenomanian Mesa Rica Sandstone (Dakota Group, USA), which allows mapping of down‐dip changes in facies, thickness distribution, fluvial architecture and spatial extent of stratigraphic surfaces. The two sandstone units of the Mesa Rica Sandstone represent contemporaneous fluvio‐deltaic deposition in the Tucumcari sub‐basin (Western Interior Basin) during two regressive phases. Multivalley deposits pass down‐dip into single‐story channel sandstones and eventually into contemporaneous distributary channels and delta‐front strata. Down‐dip changes reflect accommodation decrease towards the paleoshoreline at the Tucumcari basin rim, and subsequent expansion into the basin. Additionally, multi‐storey channel deposits bound by erosional composite scours incise into underlying deltaic deposits. These represent incised‐valley fill deposits, based on their regional occurrence, estimated channel tops below the surrounding topographic surface and coeval downstepping delta‐front geometries. This opposes criteria offered to differentiate incised valleys from flood‐induced backwater scours. As the incised valleys evidence relative sea‐level fall and flood‐induced backwater scours do not, the interpretation of incised valleys impacts sequence stratigraphic interpretations. The erosional composite surface below fluvial strata in the continental realm represents a sequence boundary/regional composite scour (RCS). The RCS’ diachronous nature demonstrates that its down‐dip equivalent disperses into several surfaces in the marine part of the depositional system, which challenges the idea of a single, correlatable surface. Formation of a regional composite scour in the fluvial realm throughout a relative sea‐level cycle highlights that erosion and deposition occur virtually contemporaneously at any point along the depositional profile. This contradicts stratigraphic models that interpret low‐accommodation settings to dominantly promote bypass, especially during forced regressions. Source‐to‐sink analyses should account for this in order to adequately resolve timing and volume of sediment storage in the system throughout a complete relative sea‐level cycle.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum consequent upon de novo WDR37 missense variants
Authors: Hay Eleanor , Henderson Robert H. , Mansour Sahar , Deshpande Charu , Jones Rachel , Nutan Savita , Mankad Kshitij , Young Rodrigo M. , Moosajee Mariya , Research Consortium Genomics England , Arno Gavin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural eye disorders are increasingly recognised as having a genetic basis, although current genetic testing is limited in its success. De novo missense variants in WDR37 are a recently described cause of a multisystemic syndromic disorder featuring ocular coloboma. This study characterises the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder and reports 2 de novo heterozygous variants (p.Thr115Ile, p.Ser119Tyr) in three unrelated Caucasian individuals. All had a clinical phenotype consisting of bilateral iris and retinal coloboma, developmental delay and additional, variable multisystem features. The variants fall within a highly conserved region upstream of the WD‐repeat domains, within an apparent mutation cluster. Consistent with the literature, intellectual disability, structural eye disorders, epilepsy, congenital heart disease, genitorenal anomalies and dysmorphic facial features were observed. In addition, a broader developmental profile is reported with a more specific musculoskeletal phenotype described in association with the novel variant (p.Thr115Ile). We further expand the phenotypic spectrum of WDR37‐related disorders to include those with milder developmental delay and strengthen the association of ocular coloboma and musculoskeletal features. We promote the inclusion of WDR37 on gene panels for intellectual disability, epilepsy and structural eye disorders.
Combination of pancreas volume and HbA1c level predicts islet yield in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation
Authors: Nanno Yoshihide , Wilhelm Joshua J. , Heller David , Schat Robben , Freeman Martin L. , Trikudanathan Guru , Kirchner Varvara A. , Pruett Timothy L. , Beilman Gregory J. , Hering Bernhard J. , Bellin Melena D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIslet yield is an important predictor of acceptable glucose control after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP‐IAT). We assessed if pancreas volume calculated with preoperative MRI could assess islet yield and postoperative outcomes. We reviewed dynamic MRI studies from 154 adult TP‐IAT patients (2009‐2016), and associations between calculated volumes and digest islet equivalents (IEQs) were tested. In multivariate regression analysis, pancreas volume (P < .001) and preoperative HbA1c levels (P = .009) were independently associated with digest IEQs. The IEQ prediction formula was calculated according to each preoperative HbA1c level, (a) pancreas volume × 5800 for HbA1c ≥ 6.5, (b) pancreas volume × 10 000 for HbA1c ≥5.7/<6.5 and (iii) pancreas volume × 11 400 for HbA1c < 5.7. The formula was internally validated with 28 TP‐IAT patients between 2017 and 2018 (r2 = .657 and r2 = .710 when restricted to 24 patients without prior pancreatectomy). An estimated IEQs/Body Weight (kg) ≥3700 predicted HbA1c ≤6.5 and insulin independence at 1 year after TP‐IAT with 77% and 88% sensitivity and 55% and 43% specificity, respectively. The combination of pancreas volume and preoperative HbA1c levels may be useful to estimate islet yield. Estimated IEQs were reasonably sensitive to predict acceptable glucose control at 1 year.
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen expression in melanoma metastases
Authors: Snow Hayden , Hazell Stephen , Francis Nicholas , Mohammed Kabir , O'Neill Stephanie , Davies Emma , Mansfield David , Messiou Christina , Hujairi Nabil , Nicol David , Harrington Kevin , Smith Myles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a prostatic epithelial protein that is used as a radiotracer (68Ga‐PSMA‐11) for prostate cancer staging. PSMA‐PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) performed for prostate cancer has been observed to detect melanoma metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of PSMA immunohistochemistry on resected melanoma metastases to explore its use as a diagnostic imaging biomarker for melanoma.MethodsA total of 41 specimens with stage III/IV melanoma were stained with PSMA immunohistochemistry. All specimens required both disease and control regions. Two pathologists scored the specimens and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. Western blot and multiplex immunofluorescence were also performed.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve was 0.82, suggesting that PSMA has excellent discriminatory power in melanoma metastases. Sensitivity is 82.9% and specificity 73.2%. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot reveal that PSMA staining in melanoma consistently and most intensely occurs in tumor neovasculature. Multiplex immunofluorescence shows that melanocytes may also weakly express PSMA.ConclusionThe performance of PSMA immunohistochemistry in melanoma metastases contrasts with that reported in prostate cancer studies. This study indicates that PSMA shows promise for use as a novel biomarker in melanoma and justifies further research in the clinical setting with potential as a PET/CT radiotracer and intraoperative fluorescence marker for melanoma.
The construction of small‐scale, quasi‐mechanistic spatial models of insect energetics in habitat restoration: A case study of beetles in Western Australia
Authors: Tomlinson Sean 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe management and restoration of ecological processes mediated by biotic interactions is now broadly advocated and may be achieved by targeting restoration towards key agents. Although theoretically examined, a practical approach to incorporating the physiology and energetics of insects into restoration planning is poorly articulated. I aimed to provide a case study using the thermal biology and energetics of beetles to identify the distribution of habitat suitability in a large restoration landscape.LocationSouth‐west Western Australia.MethodsI modelled the thermal performance of metabolic rates of thirteen Phyllococerus purpurascens, and twenty Colpochila “species 2,” measured repeatedly at seven temperatures between five and 40°C using flow‐through respirometry. Thermal constraints were used to inform a species distribution model of each species at extremely high spatiotemporal resolution, projecting the physiological state of each species for every hour at 5″ resolution across a 152‐km2 restoration landscape in south‐western Australia to estimate the habitat suitability for beetles.ResultsBoth species’ metabolic rates increased exponentially to a critical point, followed by rapid decline, but the thermal tolerance thresholds were different for each species. Both had strikingly high‐thermal tolerance relative to their nocturnal habits and local climatic conditions. The models of beetle prevalence estimated both species to be active and able to access the entire project area for all of the austral spring, summer and autumn.Main conclusionsThe results reported here suggest ubiquitous habitat suitability for flower beetles in disturbed landscapes. Incorporation of similar mechanistic models for other species at high resolution offers potential insight into habitat suitability for a broad range of ectotherms.
Unexpectedly long survivorship on seawater of multiple coastal beetles indicates the possibility of “floating dispersal” for transoceanic migration
Authors: Ueno Hiroto , Kitagawa Kosaku , Matsubayashi Kei W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOcean is generally a major barrier of migration for most flightless land animals; however, terrestrial flightless insects often demonstrate wide range distribution across oceans. To elucidate the mechanism of flightless insects to expand their distribution over the sea, we measured the survivorship of nine species of coastal beetles on seawater (i.e. seawater tolerance). We observed that two out of nine coastal beetle species showed over 10 days of median survival days (50% death days), and nearly 1 month of maximum survival days. From the unexpectedly long survival on the surface of seawater, we propose the hypothesis of “floating dispersal,” where individuals simply float on the sea surface and cross the ocean with currents. This mode can provide a novel explanation of transoceanic migration/distribution of flightless animals.
Female caudal reproductive tract abnormalities
Authors: Gormley R. K. , Crabtree J. R. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe report by McCarthy and coworkers (McCarthy et al. 2021) in this issue describes a case of vaginal septum with pyometra in a 10‐week‐old Westphalian filly foal. This is an interesting case report which evokes thought about the developmental abnormalities of the caudal female reproductive and urogenital tracts and their pathophysiology. Such anomalies are rare, reflected by the limited number of cases reported in the literature involving mares/fillies with uterine, cervical, vaginal and hymenal abnormalities.
Are you sure? Prediction revision in automated decision‐making
Authors: Burkart Nadia , Robert Sebastian , Huber Marco F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the rapid improvements in machine learning and deep learning, decisions made by automated decision support systems (DSS) will increase. Besides the accuracy of predictions, their explainability becomes more important. The algorithms can construct complex mathematical prediction models. This causes insecurity to the predictions. The insecurity rises the need for equipping the algorithms with explanations. To examine how users trust automated DSS, an experiment was conducted. Our research aim is to examine how participants supported by an DSS revise their initial prediction by four varying approaches (treatments) in a between‐subject design study. The four treatments differ in the degree of explainability to understand the predictions of the system. First we used an interpretable regression model, second a Random Forest (considered to be a black box [BB]), third the BB with a local explanation and last the BB with a global explanation. We noticed that all participants improved their predictions after receiving an advice whether it was a complete BB or an BB with an explanation. The major finding was that interpretable models were not incorporated more in the decision process than BB models or BB models with explanations.