bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for retinoblastoma: an evidence review of the validity and use of the red reflex test
Authors: Kelly C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, the most common presenting signs of which are leucocoria and strabismus. In Ireland, there are on average less than 5-7 cases annually. Early detection of this sight and life-threatening malignancy is important to enable urgent specialist ophthalmology referral for assessment. An evidence review was sought by the Health Service Executive Steering Group for the Revised Child Health Programme to examine the validity and use of the red reflex test in Ireland and internationally as a screening test for retinoblastoma.

Methods
An electronic literature search was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed publications using the database Pubmed. A hand search of reference lists of suitable articles was conducted to check for additional material. Publications pertaining to national and international retinoblastoma screening practices were sourced via internet searches using Google. The relevant grey literature was explored.

Results
There is very limited data on the validity of the red reflex test as a screening test for retinoblastoma. Despite potentially raising a high proportion of false positive results, it is a low-cost, non-invasive, quick and acceptable test. In Ireland and the UK, retinoblastoma is universally screened for using the red reflex test within 72 hours of birth and at 6-8 weeks of age. Detection of a white, absent or asymmetrical red reflex prompts urgent referral to a specialist ophthalmology service. Many cases of retinoblastoma in developed countries are brought to clinical attention after an eye abnormality is noticed by a parent.

Conclusions
The red reflex test is a valuable screening tool which is used internationally as part of newborn screening for eye pathology including retinoblastoma. The evidence synthesised in this review will inform educational initiatives in Ireland to improve awareness and detection of this malignancy among healthcare providers and parents.

Key messages
Early detection of retinoblastoma is important to enable urgent specialist ophthalmology referral for assessment. The red reflex test is a valuable screening tool which is used internationally as part of newborn screening for eye pathology including retinoblastoma.
Cyberbullying and Electronic Media Communication problematic use in Piedmont. Data from HBSC study
Authors: Marengo N , Borraccino A , Caputo M , Dalmasso P , Lemma P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cyberbullying seems to be an emerging public health issue worldwide. Several mental health problems have been reported in adolescents exposed to it. Spreading of smartphones and social networks in youths, requires to explore the eventually Electronic Media Communication (EMC) problematic use, in order to identify potentially negative health consequences in adolescents. This study aims to illustrate cyberbullying and to investigate whether an EMC inappropriate use could implicate an increased cybervictimization risk.

Methods
Data were collected as part of the Italian 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study for the Piedmont region, which involved 3022 children of 11, 13 and 15 years old. Prevalence of cybervictimization, cyberbullying and EMC problematic use were estimated in subgroups defined by age and gender. The link between EMC problematic use and cyber-victimization/bullying was examined through a multivariate logistic regression.

Results
The average frequency of cybervictimization in Piedmont was low (7,4%), in line with the average distribution in Italy. 13 years old girls reported the highest proportions of both cybervictimization and EMC problematic use (10,30% and 12,08% respectively). Adolescents who reported EMC problematic use showed an increased risk of cybervictimization (OR = 2,45; p &lt; 0,05).

Conclusions
Despite the low prevalence of cyberbullying in Italy, our data showed a greater risk of cybervictimization when the EMC use is inappropriate. Further investigations, starting from the HBSC study, are required to explore the cyberbullying phenomenon in depth.

Key messages
Cybervictimization risk is higher in EMC problematic use. Public health intervention and educational programs are deemed necessary for a more responsible EMC use, in order to prevent cyberbullying and mental health problems in adolescents.
The venom bites in pregnant women: systematic review
Authors: Lorenzini C , Cuccaro C , Nante N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The snakebite in pregnancy are rarely reported in literature; they cause mortality and morbidity, the symptoms may be many, such as circulatory collapse, respiratory failure, bleeding, renal failure. The antivenom is the standard treatment, but it can be a potential cause of anaphylaxis and serum diseases; its effects on the fetus are unknown, so doctors may hesitate to apply it. We conducted this study because there are many cases not described in the literature also in Italy. The aim of systematic review is to evaluate the outcomes of the bites for women and newborns and the antivenom treatments in pregnant women, to understand the best behaviour to adopt.

Methods
In January-February 2020, we searched studies in Medline using the key MeSH Terms “snake bites” and “pregnant woman”. We included all case-control studies and letter to editor in English.

Results
The research yielded 22 publications: after title, abstract and full text's analysis, 12 manuscripts were included in this review. The studies were conducted from 2006 to 2019 in Japan, Taiwan, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Burkina Faso, USA, Israel and included a total of 14 pregnant women (1-3 women per study). The mean age was 30.47± 7.34, the average of pregnancy week was 21.50±11.25, 93.33% of mothers was alive as well as 60% of fetuses. The antivenom was given in 66.67% of cases, of these, all mothers were alive and only four newborns were dead (the deaths in studies don't seem to be related to the use of antivenom).

Conclusions
Snakebite during pregnancy could lead to serious complications for mother and fetus. The use of antivenom does not appear to be related to fetal or maternal death, and it should always be species-specific for the type of snake, so as to reduce the risk of adverse effects caused by antivenom or its improper use. It is necessary to implement guidelines for the correct management of therapy and to ensure good maternal and fetal outcomes.

Key messages
It is important to diagnose snakebite in pregnant women quickly in order to begin supportive therapy and identify the species of snake for the administration of the correct antivenom. An improvement of the guidelines is needed for better management of therapy in pregnant women.
Every fifth child and adolescent in Finland is overweight
Authors: Laitinen U , Mäntymaa P , Haapala E , Jääskeläinen S , Sundman J , Ruokokoski E , Nieminen T , Peltomäki H , Lundqvist A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Globally, the prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased during the preceding decades leading to childhood obesity being acknowledged as one of the most significant health hazards of the 21st century. Yet, in Finland comprehensive and up-to-date data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents have been lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2-16-year-old children and adolescents living in Finland in 2018.

Methods
The study was based on height and weight measurements taken at child welfare clinics and school health services between 5.7.2017 and 5.4.2019 (n = 375,561). The data was collected from the Register of Primary Health Care Visits. Child and adolescent overweight and obesity were defined according to international IOTF BMI criteria (age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points corresponding to adults' cut-off points of 25 kg/m2 for overweight and 30 kg/m2 for obesity) and reported by age group and sex.

Results
In 2018, nearly 20% of boys and girls aged 2-16 years were classified as at least overweight while the prevalence of obesity was 5% among both sexes. The prevalence of overweight in pre-school-aged children (2-6 years) was 12% in boys and 15% in girls, in primary school-aged children (7-12 years) 23% in boys and 22% in girls and in adolescents (13-16 years) 25% in boys and 23% in girls.

Conclusions
In 2018, every fifth child and adolescent in Finland was classified as either overweight or obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to increase with age in both genders.

Key messages
Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity were comparatively common in Finland in 2018. As overweight and obesity often persist into adulthood, multi-professional interventions targeted at prevention and early detection are essential.
The effects of paternal childcare in early childhood on later behavioral problems in Japan
Authors: Ochi M , Fujiwara T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Parenting by primary caregivers in early childhood is important for the psycho-social development of children. Previous studies reported that the effect of maternal childcare on child behavioral problems. However, the research about the paternal childcare was limited. This study aims to clarify the impact of paternal childcare during infant-period on behavioral problems in later childhood, in terms of 1) childcare hours and 2) type of involvement in childcare.

Methods
We used the data of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2001-2006), which was a population-based survey in Japan. We analyzed 35,082 samples, excluding single parents. Paternal childcare was assessed by the following; paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends at 18 months old, and frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, diaper change, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing at home, and taking the child outside) at 6 and 18 months old. We evaluated child behavioral problems by the caregiver's answer at 5 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for analysis.

Results
Children with paternal childcare for ≥ 6 hours on weekends at 18 months old were had fewer behavioral problems at 5 years old than children with paternal childcare for &lt; 4 hours (odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77 to 0,89), while there was no clear association between paternal childcare hours on weekdays and child outcomes. Children with frequent paternal childcare at 6 and 18 months old also had fewer behavioral problems than children with less paternal childcare (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.90). Some types of paternal childcare (feeding, playing at home, and taking the child outside) strongly reduced child behavioral problems at 5 years old, and dose-effect relations were observed (p for trend &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Paternal childcare for a longer time on weekends in the infant-period could reduce the child behavioral problems at 5 years old.

Key messages
High paternal involvement in childcare during infant age, such as taking the child outside the home on weekends, could have protective effects on behavioral problems in later childhood. The promotion of paternal involvement in childcare in early childhood should be useful for adequate child development.
A latent class analysis of bullying among students: associations with social factors and alcohol use
Authors: Ferreira Júnior V , Yurgel Valente J , van der Meer Sanchez Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bullying is a behavior highly prevalent in schools worldwide and is associated with several mental disorders later in life. Considering its prevalence and impact in mental health, it is being recognized as a public health problem. We aimed to identify patterns of bullying victimization and perpetration in children and adolescence, and investigated its association with school performance, alcohol use and sociodemographic factors. A latent class analysis was conducted using baseline data collected from a randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug prevention program PROERD (the Brazilian adaptation of the the US program 'Keepin it REAL”) carried out among 1.742 students in 5th grade and 2.316 in 7th grade, from 30 public schools of São Paulo city, Brazil. Two models of four latent classes each were identified among the students, in 5th and 7th grade: Low bullying, Moderate bullying victimization, High bullying victimization and High bullying victimization and perpetration. In both grades, we found that alcohol use were associated to all bullying latent classes (e.g High bullying victimization and perpetration (aOR=5,63; 95%CI = [3,05; 10,38] and aOR=3,29; 95%CI = [1,28; 8,43], 5th and 7th grade respectively). In 5th grade, girls were more likely to belong to the “High bullying victimization” class and to “Moderate bullying victimization” (aOR=1,75; 95%CI = [1,02; 3,01] and aOR=1,47; 95%CI = [1,16; 1,87], respectively); students who reported to belonging to black or brown races were more likely to belong to 'High bullying victimization' class (aOR=3,35; 95%CI = [1,34; 8,37]); low and medium school grades were associated to High bullying victimization and perpetration (aOR=10,12; 95%CI = [4,19; 24,41]) and Moderate bullying victimization (aOR=1,63; 95%CI = [1,17; 2,27]). The results show the need to implement school prevention programs that simultaneously address alcohol use and bullying components, besides taking into account race and gender norms.

Key messages
Bullying profiles help us to understand how this type of violence happens among students. And the associated factors indicate which groups are at greatest risk and need more attention. The use of alcohol associated with all latent classes, besides showing the impacts of bullying, it also indicates the importance of bullying prevention programs to address substance use prevention.
The House of the Brazilian Woman: impacts of a cross-sectoral public health policy for abused women
Authors: Almeida J , Rocha R , Signorelli M , Silva V , Prado S , Evans D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Violence against women is a serious public health concern in Brazil; the country ranks 5th globally for femicide and has high rates of intimate partner violence. In response, a national policy created the House of the Brazilian Woman (HBW). HBWs aimed at caring for abused women, are staffed 24/7 with multi-disciplinary teams; cross-sectoral services include: psychosocial support; healthcare; specialized police; courts; public attorney's offices; temporary shelter; and access to financial support.

Description of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to characterize the preliminary impacts of the HBW of Curitiba. Based on mixed-methods participatory action-research, data were collected between 2018-2020. We present quantitative measures describing the individuals served and a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with HBW staff.

Results
Since its opening, in 2016, the HBW of Curitiba has served around 50,000 users, including women and perpetrators. The most prevalent type of violence reported was psychological (67%, n = 14,343), followed by physical (25.8%, n = 5,531), economic (5.2%, n = 1,104) and sexual (2%, n = 428). Positive qualitative impacts perceived by staff were: 1) improved women's empowerment; 2) the importance of centralized resources; 3) acting as a support to ensure existing legal protections. The main challenges were: 1) high demand; 2) discontinuous care; 3) negative impacts on staff's health.

Lessons
The HBW of Curitiba is a key cross-sectoral service for abused women, part of a greater national policy to prevent violence and support women. Despite serving a large number of women in a short period of time challenges remain including integration with other parts of the network and considerations of staff burnout.

Key messages
Effective cross-sectoral policies for abused women are paramount for comprehensive women’s health. Having cross-sectoral services in just one place operating 24/7 has high impact for abused women.
Telemedicine system for improving maternal and neonatal health: an interventional trial in Tanzania
Authors: Incerti F , Paduano S , Borsari L , Perrone F A , Benski C , Stancanelli G , Borella P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Tanzania, maternal and neonatal mortality is still high, mainly due to poor quality of Antenatal Care (ANC) and Post Natal Care (PNC) services. PANDA (Pregnancy And Newborn Diagnostic Assessment) is a telemedicine system that uses mobile technology to perform adequate ANC/PNC visits according to WHO recommendations. Two pilot studies showed that PANDA is efficient in providing high-quality ANC and facilitating the continuity of care for underserved communities.
This project aims at testing the impact of PANDA in Tanzania for improving the adherence to both ANC and PNC WHO protocols.

Methods
This case-control study is conducted in two different areas of the Mufindi district, Tanzania. The PANDA system includes: - solar backpack containing instrumentation for communicable and non-communicable diseases screening; smartphone with an icon-based application, including 5 modules: socio-demographic information, medical history, clinical screening, health education and birth plan, postnatal care;hospital database with the data collected during the visits.

Results
At present, 405 women (1,066 ANC visits) were recruited in the implementation site and 200 in the control site. The preliminary results show that 60% of women attended ≥ 2 ANC visits in the implementation site. In this area, 52 women were found positive for HIV and 4 for syphilis. Data collection in both the sites is ongoing.

Conclusions
PANDA system allows the creation of electronic patient records and the identification of the high-risk pregnancies. The collection of population data is useful for health planning policies. The easy-to-use and easy-to-understand graphic interface overcomes language and literacy barriers and facilitates comprehension of women and compliance to visits. This can improve the quality of ANC/PNC services with an expected reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality.

Key messages
PANDA system increases access to high-quality ANC for pregnant women in low-income countries, improving the adherence to WHO recommendations. The telemedicine system PANDA is a useful tool for public health policy-makers, as it allows the collection of previously unavailable population data.
Identifying geographical heterogeneity of under-five child nutritional status in districts of India
Authors: Biswas M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The nutritional status of under-five children often cited as a sensitive indicator of household living standards as well as the economic condition and also an important determinant of child survival. Despite India has already achieved remarkable progress in reducing child malnutrition, progress toward reducing the number of malnourished children has been sluggish. improvements in nutrition still represent a massive unfinished agenda. The objective of this study identified the place-specific spatial dependencies and heterogeneities in the associations between socioeconomic and demographic factors and nutritional status among under-five children in India. The study used a geocoded database from the fourth wave of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4 2015-16) data for 640 districts. The dependent variables were stunting, wasting and underweight. Moran's I and univariate LISA were used to confirm the spatial autocorrelation and clustering of nutritional status. Multivariate Ordinary least square (OLS), Geographically weighted regression (GWR), spatial (lag/error) models were employed to decrypt the determinants of under-five nutritional status. Overall, the prevalence and spatial clustering (Moran's I statistics) of stunting, wasting and underweight were 38% (0.634), 21% (0.488) and 36% (0.721), respectively. GWR results disclosed that the relationships between the outcomes and its covariates were significantly place-specific and spatially clustering in terms of their respective magnitude, direction and strength. Regarding model performance and prediction accuracy, GWR better fits compared to traditional OLS models. The findings of the present study identified district-level nutritional conditions (hotspots) in India, where children are under severe risk of malnutrition can help health professionals, planners and policymakers in designing and implementing effective place-specific health policies to improve district-level under-five nutrition status in India.

Key messages
To identify the place-specific spatial dependencies and heterogeneities in the associations between socio-economic and demographic factors and nutritional status among under-five children in India. This study helps health professionals, planners and policymakers in designing and implementing effective place-specific health policies to improve district-level under-five nutrition status in India.
Trends in breastfeeding rates in Portugal: results from five National Health Interview Surveys
Authors: Kislaya I , Braz P , Dias C M , Loureiro I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization advice breast milk as the perfect food for the newborn starting immediately after birth and exclusively up to at least 6 months of age. However, there are considerable differences in breastfeeding rates between countries related to their policies on breastfeeding promotion and duration of maternity leave. This study aims to describe changes in breastfeeding rates over time in Portugal as a way to inform social policies and public health initiatives on breastfeeding.

Methods
To examine the breastfeeding rates evolution we used data from five National Health Surveys. Breastfeeding was assessed based on information provided by the mothers of children born between 1982 and 2014. Birth cohorts were grouped in block of 3-year period. We estimated 3 and 6-months exclusive breastfeeding rates and 95% confidence intervals. Trends in breastfeeding rates for each outcome were assessed by linear regression weighting each cohort-specific estimate by the inverse of variance in the logit scale.

Results
We analyzed data on 9172 children; sample size by birth cohort ranged from 213 in 2012/14 to 1651 in 1994/96. Proportion of infants ever breastfed during the study period varied between 71.7% and 86.7%. The 3 months exclusive breastfeeding rate increased by 9.5% (CI95%:7.8-11.3%) per 3-year period, from 41.3% (CI95%:38.7-43.9%) in 1982/84 to 62.4% (CI95%:55.7-68.7%) in 2012/14. The 6 months exclusive breastfeeding rate raised up from 23.5% (CI 95%:21.2-25.7%) in 1982/84 to 31.9% (CI95%:26.0-38.5%) in 2012/14, corresponding to 5.6% increase per 3-year period.

Conclusions
This study shows a positive evolution in breastfeeding practices, with an increased in the prevalence of women who reported exclusively breastfeeding until the 3rd and 6th month after birth. Our results may be explained by changes in maternity leave duration. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need for further investment in breastfeeding support services and professionalś training.

Key messages
Positive evolution in breastfeeding practices in Portugal. Maternity leave duration could have a positive role.