bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When You CAN See the Difference: The Phonetic Basis of Sonority in American Sign Language
Authors: Luchkina Tatiana , Koulidobrova Elena , Palmer Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

Spoken and signed languages (SL) deliver perceptual cues which exhibit various degrees of perceptual validity during categorization: In spoken languages, listeners develop perceptual biases when integrating multiple acoustic dimensions during auditory categorization (Holt & Lotto, 2006). This leads us to expect differential perceptual validity for dynamic gestural units HANDSHAPE, MOVEMENT, ORIENTATION, and LOCATION produced by manual articulators in SLs. In this study, we use a closed-set sentence discrimination task developed by Bochner et al. (2011) to evaluate the perceptual saliency of the gestural components of signs in American Sign Language (ASL) for naïve signers and deaf L2 learners of ASL proficient in another SL. Our goal is to gauge which of these features are likely to present the phonetic basis of sonority in sign modality and relay phonemic contrasts perceptible for even first-time signers.25 deaf L2 ASL signers and 28 hearing English speakers with no experience in any SL participated in this study. Results reveal that phonemic contrasts based on HANDSHAPE presented an area of maximum difficulty in phonological discrimination for sign-naïve participants. For all participants, contrasts based on ORIENTATION and LOCATION and involving larger scale articulators, were associated with robust categorical discrimination.
Constraints on the Velocity Dispersion of Dark Matter from Cosmology and New Bounds on Scattering from the Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Rodríguez-Montoya Iván , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Pérez-Lorenzana Abdel , Venzor Jorge 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The observational value of the velocity dispersion,

, is missing in the dark matter (DM) puzzle. Nonzero or nonthermal DM velocities can drastically influence large-scale structure and the 21 cm temperature at the epoch of the cosmic dawn, as well as the estimation of DM physical parameters, such as mass and interaction couplings. To study the phenomenology of

, we model the evolution of DM in terms of a simplistic and generic Boltzmann-like momentum distribution. Using cosmological data from the cosmic microwave background, baryonic acoustic oscillations, and red luminous galaxies, we constrain the DM velocity dispersion for a broad range of masses,

, finding

(99% CL). Including the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) T
21 measurements, we extend our study to constrain the baryon–DM interaction in the range of DM velocities allowed by our analysis. As a consequence, we present new bounds on two electromagnetic models of DM, namely minicharged particles (MCPs) and the electric dipole moment (EDM). For MCPs, the parameter region that is consistent with EDGES and independent bounds on cosmological and stellar physics is very small, pointing to the subelectronvolt mass regime of DM. A window in the MeV–GeV may still be compatible with these bounds for MCP models without a hidden photon. But the EDM parameter region consistent with EDGES is excluded by Big Bang nucleosynthesis and collider physics.
Detection of Vibrational Emissions from the Helium Hydride Ion (HeH+) in the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Goto Miwa , Geballe T. R. , Güsten Rolf , Menten Karl M. , Wiesemeyer Helmut 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report the detection of emission in the v = 1 − 0 P(1) (3.51629 μm) and P(2) (3.60776 μm) rovibrational lines of the helium hydride cation (HeH+) from the planetary nebula NGC 7027. These detections were obtained with the iSHELL spectrograph on NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility on Maunakea. They confirm the discovery of HeH+ reported recently by Güsten et al., who used the GREAT instrument on the SOFIA airborne observatory to observe its pure rotational J = 1 − 0 transition at 149.137 μm. The flux measured for the HeH+
v = 1 − 0 P(1) line is in good agreement with our model for the formation, destruction, and excitation of HeH+ in NGC 7027. The measured strength of the J = 1 − 0 pure rotational line, however, exceeds the model prediction significantly, as does that of the v = 1 − 0 P(2) line, by factors of 2.9 and 2.3 respectively. Possible causes of these discrepancies are discussed. Our observations of NGC 7027, covering the 3.26–3.93 μm spectral region, have led to the detection of more than 60 spectral lines including nine rovibrational emissions from CH+. The latter are detected for the first time in an astronomical source.
Rapidly Evolving Transients from the Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Transient Survey
Authors: Tampo Yusuke , Tanaka Masaomi , Maeda Keiichi , Yasuda Naoki , Tominaga Nozomu , Jiang Ji-an , Moriya Takashi J. , Morokuma Tomoki , Suzuki Nao , Takahashi Ichiro , Kokubo Mitsuru , Kawana Kojiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapidly evolving transients form a new class of transients that show shorter timescales of light curves than those of typical core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae. We performed a systematic search for rapidly evolving transients using deep data taken with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Transient Survey. By measuring the timescales of the light curves of 1824 transients, we identified five rapidly evolving transients. Our samples are found in a wide range of redshifts (0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.5) and peak absolute magnitudes (−17 ≥ M

i
≥ −20). The light-curve properties are similar to those of the previously discovered rapidly evolving transients. They show a relatively blue spectral energy distribution, with the best-fit blackbody of 8000–18,000 K. We show that some of the transients require power sources other than the radioactive decays of 56Ni because of their high peak luminosities and short timescales. The host galaxies of all of the samples are star-forming galaxies, suggesting a massive star origin for the rapidly evolving transients. The event rate is roughly estimated to be ∼4000 events yr−1 Gpc−3, which is about 1% of core-collapse supernovae.
Spectroscopic Constraints on the Buildup of Intracluster Light in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Gu Meng , Conroy Charlie , Law David , van Dokkum Pieter , Yan Renbin , Wake David , Bundy Kevin , Villaume Alexa , Abraham Roberto , Merritt Allison , Zhang Jielai , Bershady Matthew , Bizyaev Dmitry , Drory Niv , Pan Kaike , Thomas Daniel , Weijmans Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The stellar content of the intracluster light (ICL) provides unique insight into the hierarchical assembly process of galaxy clusters. We present optical spectra of three ICL regions (μ

g
≈ 25.3–26.2 mag arcsec−2) in the Coma cluster, located between 100 and 180 kpc from their nearest brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs): NGC 4889 and NGC 4874. Integral-field unit (IFU) spectroscopy with 13.5 hr on-source integration was acquired in an ancillary program within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV MaNGA survey. We stacked the 127 individual fiber spectra in each IFU to achieve a 1σ limiting surface brightness of 27.9 mag arcsec−2, corresponding to a mean signal-to-noise ratio in the optical of 21.7, 9.0, and 11.7 Å−1, for each ICL region. We apply stellar population models to the stacked spectra. Our results show that the velocity dispersions of ICL regions are very high (σ ∼ 630 km s−1), indicating the stars in these regions are tracing the gravitational potential of the cluster, instead of any individual galaxy. The line-of-sight velocities are different from each other by ∼700 km s−1, while the velocity of each region is similar to the closest BCG. This suggests that the ICL regions are associated with two distinct subclusters centered on NGC 4889 and NGC 4874. The stellar populations of these regions are old and metal-poor, with ages of

,

, and

Gyr, and [Fe/H] of

,

, and

. From the derived age and metallicity, the buildup of ICL in Coma is likely to be through the accretion of low-mass galaxies or the tidal stripping of the outskirts of massive galaxies that have ended their star formation early on, instead of directly from major mergers of massive galaxies.
Does identity matter?
Authors: Csink Lóránt 
Published: May 2020

During Brexit campaign leave supporters reckoned that their sovereignty is priceless. They meant that Britain’s status within or outside the European Union should not be decided upon economic reasons only. The campaign was successful and now the Kingdom is paying the price of her sovereignty. In Hungary in 2015 the government decided to ban shops to open on Sundays which was against the aspirations of both enterprises and consumers. The government found the measure so symbolic, so close to its identity that it did not respect any criticism. The government paid the political price of the unpopularity of the measure. Later on the government realised that the stake was too high and withdrew the piece of legislation. Such events clearly highlight that maintaining identity always has its price. Such price can be either economic or political. The question is if governments are ready to pay the price. It does not seem proper if mere economic and political expectations overrule symbolic issues. Neither it is acceptable if the government gives the nation’s entire fortune for symbolic reasons. It must always be considered how much identity costs and if it is worth paying the price. The question can be answered upon the identity test that has two factors: first how important the issue is (how close it is to identity) and if the price of identity is proportionate to the economic, political price. The more important the issue is the greater price can be paid. And conversely, the greater the economic or political price is, the more cautious one should be. The present article sums up the most basic information on constitutional identity and analyses the factors of the identity of the Hungarian constitution, the Basic Law, with special attention to the contemporary identity debate. It argues that constitutional identity is not a strict and non-changing phenomenon but rather the procedure of continuous development.
Book Review: Human Rights and Global Diversity: Basic Ethics in Action
Authors: Andrews Kristina 
Published: May 2020

This professional book review provides a critique of R. P. Churchill's (2006) book entitled Human Rights and Global Diversity: Basic Ethics in Action. His book is divided into three chapters: 1. Reasoning about Human Rights, 2. Debating the Universality of Human Rights, and 3. Human Rights and Cross Cultural Negotiations. Churchill presented the concepts and constructs of human rights, the universality of human rights and an argument for human rights. Churchill’s overarching claim for human rights was that they are the same for all human beings regardless where they reside. In addition to presenting the arguments for universal human rights he presented the oppositional constructs by the integration of the voices of notable theorists.
The Development of an Internal Supervision Model Using the Professional Learning Community for Educational Supervisor of Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession Program
Authors: Boriboon Pairote , Chantarasombut Chalard , Agsonsua Pha 
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this research were to: 1) study the current and desirable situations of supervision for graduate diploma in teaching profession program, 2 develop the internal supervision model using professional learning community for educational supervisor of graduate diploma in teaching profession program, and 3) evaluate the efficiency of the developed model.The samples were 49 educational supervisors and committees of graduate diploma in teaching profession program. The instrument was handbook of internal supervision model developed by using the professional learning community. Statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, modified priority needs index, efficiency index, and t-test for dependent samples. The finding srevealed that: 1) The current situation of internal supervision of graduate diploma in teaching profession program was in “High” level. In addition, the desirable situation was found in the“Highest” level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect with highest emergency need for development was the planning with the PNImodified of 0.40. The second one was the implementing with the PNImodified of 0.36. 2) The developed model was evaluated in the “Highest” level in terms of the propriety, feasibility, and utility.It was integrated in 6 steps including: (1) Preparing, (2) Planning, (3) Implementing, (4) Reflecting, Improvement, and Evaluation, (5) Reinforcing, and (6) Concluding and Reporting. 3) The results of the trials were: (3.1) The efficiency of process and product (E1 / E2) were84.67/ 83.00 which was higher than the specified criterion 80/80. (3.2) The posttest score was significantly higher than the pretest one at level of p-value <0.01. (3.3) The satisfaction on the developed model was in the “Highest” level. When considering each aspect, it was found that planning had the highest mean score, while implementing was found in the second order, and reflecting, improvement, and evaluation had the lowest mean scores.
Level of Information Accessibility and Adoption of Improved Irish Potato Production Technologies by Farmers in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Salau E. S. , Darason Y. M. , Girei A. A. 
Published: May 2020

The study assessed sources of information and Level of Adoption of recommended Irish Potato Production Technologies by Small Scale Farmers in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Plateau state. The multistage sampling procedure was used to draw 150 farmers as study sample. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics used were percentages, mean scores and ranking while the inferential statistics were multiple linear regression models. Results showed that the major sources of information used by farmers were; from Co-farmers, friends/relations (100%) which ranked (1st), extension agents (98.0%) ranked 2nd and mobile phone (58.0%) ranked 3rd. The result of level of adoption revealed that 98.0% adopted cold room system technique, 96.7% adopted the use of herbicides for weeding and 94.0% adopted the fungicide application technique. The factors limiting the adoption of recommended Irish potato production technologies in the study area ranked in order of severity includes; high incidence of pests and diseases (91.3%) ranked 1st, lack of clean and certified seeds (89.3%) ranking 2nd, high cost of fertilizers and herbicides represented 88.7% and ranked 3rd. The farmers were found to engage in high level of adoption of recommended Irish potato production technologies like; Cold room system, use of herbicides for weeding and fungicide application among many other technologies. It was recommended that farmers in the study area should be assisted by the government and relevant stakeholders in the control of pests and diseases, provision of clean and certified seeds at affordable rate and subsidizing of fertilizers and herbicides.
Comparative Evaluation on Tannase Production by Lasiodiplodia plurivora ACN-10 under Submerged Fermentation (SmF) and Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
Authors: Ire Francis Sopuruchukwu , Nwanguma Adaugo Chinwendu 
Published: May 2020

Aim: Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds from complex hydrolysable tannins with the production of gallic acid and glucose and possess broad applications in biotechnology. This study is aimed at the production of tannase by Lasiodiplodia plurivora ACN-10 in SmF and SSF using Terminalia cattapa (almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (mango leaves) as substrates.
Study Design: The design adopted to evaluate the production of tannase is submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation.
Study Area: Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos State Nigeria.
Methodology: Fifteen different soil samples were indiscriminately collected within Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria and were inoculated on PDA plates at 30°C for 3-5 days. A total of 30 isolates was screened on Czapek dox minimal agar incorporated with 1% tannic acid and plates were incubated for 96 h at 30°C. Fungal isolates which were able to disintegrate tannic acid produced a clear halo zone around the colony diameter and were selected to be positive for tannase activity. The best isolate was identified based on its morphological, microscopic and molecular characteristics. Thereafter production and extraction of tannase was carried out in SmF for 0-120 h and in SSF for 0-144 h using Terminalia cattapa (Almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (Mango leaves) as substrates.
Results: The total fungal count ranged from 1.0×104 to 3.5×105 CFU/g. A total of 30 fungal isolates produced clear halo zones (ranging from 20 to 70 mm) around the colonies during the screening with tannic acid. Isolate ACN-10, which showed the highest tannic degradation was identified based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. On the basis of 18S rRNA gene sequence studies, the isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia plurivora strain ACN-10 and the sequence was submitted to the Genbank with the accession number: MG250374. Results obtained in this study indicated that both substrates can be used by the isolate for tannase production in both SmF and SSF. The result of our investigation on the use of Terminalia cattapa (almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (mango leaves) as substrates for tannase production showed that optimum yield (6.064 U/ml) was obtained at 120 h in SSF while optimum production (4.623 U/ml) was observed in SmF at 96 h using Terminalia cattapa as substrate.
Conclusion: Results obtained from this study indicated higher tannase production in solid-state fermentation compared to submerged fermentation. This is the first report to the best of our knowledge that Lasiodiplodia plurivora strain is implicated in tannase secretion. The result also demonstrated high production of extracellular tannases from low cost substrates which can be optimized and scaled up for industrial processes.
Estrogen receptor α promotes lung cancer cell invasion via increase of and cross‐talk with infiltrated macrophages through the CCL2/CCR2/MMP9 and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways
Authors: He Miao , Yu Weiwei , Chang Chawnshang , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Liu Xiaohong , Jiang Ke , Yeh Shuyuan 
Published: May 2020

Data analysis of clinical samples suggests that higher estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression could be associated with worse overall survival in some patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunofluorescence results further showed that higher ERα expression was linked to larger numbers of infiltrated macrophages in NSCLC tissues. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Results from in vitro studies with multiple cell lines revealed that, in NSCLC cells, ERα can activate the CCL2/CCR2 axis to promote macrophage infiltration, M2 polarization, and MMP9 production, which can then increase NSCLC cell invasion. Mechanistic studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase assays demonstrated that ERα could bind to estrogen response elements (EREs) on the CCL2 promoter to increase CCL2 expression. Furthermore, ERα‐increased macrophage infiltration can induce a positive feedback mechanism to increase lung cancer cell ERα expression via the up‐regulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. Targeting these newly identified pathways, NSCLC ERα‐increased macrophage infiltration or the macrophage‐to‐NSCLC CXCL12/CXCR4/ERα signal, with anti‐estrogens or CCR2/CXCR4 antagonists, may help in the development of new alternative therapies to better treat NSCLC.
Probing Selectivity and Creating Structural Diversity Through Hybrid Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Koch Aaron A. , Schmidt Jennifer J. , Lowell Andrew N. , Hansen Douglas A. , Coburn Katherine M. , Chemler Joseph A. , Sherman David H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEngineering polyketide synthases (PKS) to produce new metabolites requires an understanding of catalytic points of failure during substrate processing. Growing evidence indicates the thioesterase (TE) domain as a significant bottleneck within engineered PKS systems. We created a series of hybrid PKS modules bearing exchanged TE domains from heterologous pathways and challenged them with both native and non‐native polyketide substrates. Reactions pairing wildtype PKS modules with non‐native substrates primarily resulted in poor conversions to anticipated macrolactones. Likewise, product formation with native substrates and hybrid PKS modules bearing non‐cognate TE domains was severely reduced. In contrast, non‐native substrates were converted by most hybrid modules containing a substrate compatible TE, directly implicating this domain as the major catalytic gatekeeper and highlighting its value as a target for protein engineering to improve analog production in PKS pathways.
Imine Gels Based on Ferrocene and Porphyrin and Their Electrocatalytic Property
Authors: Cai Guangmei , Zeng Lihua , He Lanqi , Sun Shujian , Tong Yexiang , Zhang Jianyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of porphyrin‐based imine gels have been synthesized via dynamic covalent gelation between 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐aminophenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (H2TAPP) derivatives and various aldehyde compounds. The porphyrin‐ferrocene imine gels based on MTAPP (M=H2, Ni2+, Co2+, Pd2+ and Zn2+) and ferrocene‐1,1′‐dicarbaldehyde (NA) display efficient HER, OER and ORR activities in alkaline media. Among the gels, CoTAPP‐NA shows an HER current density of 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 470 mV and small Tafel slope of 110 mV decade−1 in alkaline media. CoTAPP‐NA also exhibits OER catalytic activity with low overpotential (416 mV for 10 mA cm−2). CoTAPP‐NA shows ability in overall water splitting in alkaline media. In addition, CoTAPP‐NA exhibits onset potential (Ep) of 0.95 V and half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.84 V in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH solution for oxygen reduction. Moreover, the gel catalyst shows good stability.
Abnormal Gait Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Correlations with Social Impairments
Authors: Gong Linlin , Liu Yajie , Yi Li , Fang Jing , Yang Yisheng , Wei Kunlin 
Published: May 2020

Ground walking in humans is typically stable, symmetrical, characterized by smooth heel‐to‐toe ground contact. Previous studies on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified various gait abnormalities. However, they produced inconsistent findings, particularly for the occurrence of toe walking and gait symmetry between feet, owing to their reliance on retrospective reports, visual analysis of videos, or kinematic analysis of the gait. The present study examined gait functions in children with ASD using plantar pressure that quantified foot–ground interaction with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Fifty‐eight 4–6‐year‐old children with ASD (12 low‐functioning and 46 high‐functioning autism) and 28 age‐matched typically developed children walked straight 6 m at their preferred speed for 10 repetitions. We found that both ASD groups walked with more flat‐footed contact pattern, more left–right asymmetry, and larger step‐to‐step variability than their controls. Furthermore, these abnormal gait characteristics were related to social impairments measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsive Scale, supporting a close association between impaired motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1215‐1226. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe examined gait functions among children with autism by measuring their foot plantar pressure during simple straight walking. Children with ASD walked with a characteristic foot‐ground contact pattern with inappropriate contact forces and large step‐to‐step variability when compared with their age‐matched controls. These walking abnormalities were dependent on their social impairments but independent from their intelligence, indicating a close relationship between atypical motor coordination and core symptoms of autism.