bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-36 Phenotypic Relationship of Feed Efficiency and Fertility in Angus and Red Angus Bulls
Authors: Lacey Taylor , Doyle Stephen , DeAtley Kasey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in measuring feed intake improve selection for efficient beef bulls; however, such selection must not decrease bull fertility. Objectives herein were to determine the phenotypic relationship between feed efficiency and fertility traits in growing Angus (n = 14) and Red Angus (n = 14) bulls. Two feeding trials were conducted at the CSU, Chico University Farm in 2017 (87 d) and 2018 (84 d). Each year, bulls were randomly assigned to 7 x 18 m pens equipped with GrowSafe feed intake units and allowed ad libitum access to water and feed (CP: 15.6%, TDN: 56.22%, NDF: 52%, DM basis). Performance traits included: feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake [RFI; measured as the difference between predicted dry matter intake (PDMI) and actual dry matter intake (DMI)], start weight (SWT), end weight (EWT), metabolic mid-weight (MMWT), residual gain and average daily gain (ADG). Breeding soundness exams (BSE) were conducted at 18 mo of age and included traits: scrotal circumference (SC), motility (MT), and morphology (MP). Residual feed intake was calculated by regressing DMI on ADG and MMWT. The RFI group was categorized as low (0.5 SD above the RFI mean), marginal (± 0.5 SD about the RFI mean), and high (0.5 SD above the RFI mean) by year. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, blocking on year-pen and fitting breed and RFI group as independent factors. Tukey pairwise contrasts were run. Motility among breeds and RFI group were analyzed using chi-square. Pearson correlations were calculated between growth, feed efficiency, and BSE measures of SC and MP. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) among breeds nor RFI groups for SWT, EWT, MMWT, residual gain, SC, and MT. No interaction was detected between breed and RFI group with exception of MP (P = 0.049); specifically, low RFI Red Angus bulls had poor MP compared to marginal and high RFI groups (66.94 ± 6.87 vs. 87.43 ± 3.77 and 93.74 ± 5.48 %, respectively). Angus bulls were superior to Red Angus bulls in ADG (1.23 ± 0.04 vs. 1.06 ± 0.05 kg/d; P = 0.01), FCR (7.98 ± 0.31 vs. 9.18 ± 0.38; P = 0.04), and RFI (-0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.09 ± 0.11 kg DMI/d; P = 0.04). High and marginal RFI groups had greater DMI compared to low RFI group (10.40 ± 0.26 and 9.64 ± 0.18 kg/d vs. 8.31 ± 0.32 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant phenotypic correlations between growth and efficiency measures with SC and MP (P &gt; 0.05). Cumulatively, results indicate that SC and MT were not affected in efficient bulls.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Following Second and Third Trimester Maternal Infection Is Associated With Mild Childhood Adverse Outcome Not Predicted by Prenatal Imaging
Authors: Elkan Miller Tal , Weisz Boaz , Yinon Yoaz , Weissbach Tal , De Castro Hila , Avnet Hagai , Hoffman Chen , Katorza Eldad , Lipitz Shlomo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile it is clear that first trimester congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can lead to serious neonatal and childhood adverse outcome, the extent of the effect of second and third trimester congenital CMV infection is still unclear. Our aim was to study the short- and long-term outcomes following second and third trimester infection and to evaluate the contribution of prenatal imaging in a prospective cohort.MethodsWe studied pregnant women with primary CMV infection in the second and third trimesters, as diagnosed by well-dated seroconversion, and proof of vertical CMV transmission. All patients underwent serial prenatal ultrasound (US) and most of them fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Follow-up information was obtained from hospital charts and by telephone interviews with parents.ResultsPrimary CMV infection occurred in 135 patients, 107 and 28 with second and third trimester infection, respectively. The incidence proportion of composite outcome (hearing loss or neurodevelopmental impairment) following second trimester infection was 7% (7/100, after excluding cases that were terminated) with a 3% incidence of partial unilateral sensory neural hearing loss and a 5% incidence of minor neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including slight verbal and motor delay. Following third trimester infection, there was one case of a very mild motor delay. The incidence proportion of abnormal prenatal findings on US or MRI was not significantly correlated to hearing loss or neurodevelopmental abnormalities.ConclusionsSecond trimester infection is associated with a slight risk of developing mild childhood sequelae, mostly partial unilateral hearing loss, which may develop late in childhood. Prenatal imaging failed to predict the development of childhood adverse outcome.
Healthcare-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in a Neonatal Unit: The Importance of Universal Masking, Hand Hygiene, and Symptom Screening in Containment
Authors: Holgate Sandi L , Dramowski Angela , van Niekerk Magriet , Hassan Haseena , Prinsloo Yolande , Bekker Adrie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Following exposure to a healthcare worker with an influenza-like illness, 2 preterm neonates and 6 staff members developed symptoms and tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This neonatal unit coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak occurred prior to the implementation of universal masking and symptom screening policies. Both neonates and all staff recovered, with no further healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission following the implementation of effective outbreak containment measures.
Relative scale setting for two-color QCD with $N_f=2$ Wilson fermions
Authors: Iida Kei , Itou Etsuko , Lee Tong-Gyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We determine the scale-setting function and the pseudocritical temperature on the lattice in $N_f=2$ two-color quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using the Iwasaki gauge and Wilson fermion actions. Although two-color QCD does not correspond to the real world, it is very useful as a good testing ground for three-color QCD. The scale-setting function gives the relative lattice spacings of simulations performed at different values of the bare coupling. It is a necessary tool for taking the continuum limit. First, we measure the meson spectra for various combinations of ($\beta,\kappa$) and find a line of constant physics in the $\beta$–$\kappa$ plane. Next, we determine the scale-setting function via $w_0$ scale in the gradient flow method. Furthermore, we estimate the pseudocritical temperature at zero chemical potential from the chiral susceptibility. Combining these results, we can discuss the QCD phase diagram in which both axes are given by dimensionless quantities, namely the temperature normalized by the pseudocritical temperature on the lattice and the chemical potential normalized by the pseudoscalar meson mass. This makes it easy to compare among several lattice studies, and also makes it possible to compare theoretical analyses and lattice studies in the continuum limit.
Acute Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo After Endothelial Keratoplasty–A Unique Cause of Postoperative Nausea and Headache
Authors: Patel Sachin , Yuan Amy , Pineda Roberto 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe a case of new-onset benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after uncomplicated Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Methods:
Case report and review of literature.

Results:
A 61-year-old woman with a history of steroid-induced glaucoma and penetrating keratoplasty for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, and no history of BPPV or other vertigo, underwent Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for penetrating keratoplasty graft failure. On the third postoperative day, she developed acute spinning vertigo, nausea, and headache on sitting up after 3 days of strict supine positioning. Her ophthalmic examination was benign, with no evidence of a pupillary block, and she was diagnosed by an otologist with BPPV. Her symptoms resolved after 1 week without further intervention.

Conclusions:
BPPV is a benign but rare complication of nonotologic surgery and has not been previously reported with ophthalmic surgery. The overlap in symptomatology between BPPV and other serious and potentially vision-threatening causes of postoperative nausea and headache, such as pupillary block glaucoma, makes this a relevant etiology to consider in the spectrum of postendothelial keratoplasty complications.
Efficacy, safety, and predictability of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: meta-analysis
Authors: Sabau Alexandra , Daas Loay , Behkit Abdelshafi , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Langenbucher Achim , Ardjomand Navid , Flockerzi Elias , Seitz Berthold 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and predictability of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) for correcting myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.

Design:
Meta-analysis of retrospective or prospective studies.

Methods:
Relevant studies were collected from Medline and included when meeting the following predefined criteria: randomized controlled trials, at least 1 of the main outcome measures as efficacy, safety, or predictability, and 1 common TransPRK laser (Schwind Amaris). The parameters estimates and 95% CI were derived from random-effects meta-analysis to account for possible heterogeneity.

Results:
Because hyperopia studies did not meet the inclusion criteria, the results are centered on myopia and astigmatism. Sixteen studies with a total of 1924 treated eyes were included in the meta-analysis. The mean efficacy, safety, and predictability had a probability of 94% (CI, 0.86-0.97), 0% (CI, 0.00-0.03), and 89% (CI, 0.82-0.93), respectively. The mean correction index, difference vector, and index of success had a value of 1.01 (CI, 1.01-1.02), 0.20 (CI, 0.06-0.34), and 0.12 (CI, 0.07-0.18), respectively.

Conclusions:
This summary estimate showed that TransPRK was highly effective, safe, and predictable in correcting myopia and/or astigmatism.
Correlations Between Stress, Depression, Body Mass Index, and Food Addiction Among Korean Nursing Students
Authors: Hong Hyon Joo , Kim Ran , Kim Ae Sil , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Hyun Ji , Song Ji Hyeun , Shin Sung Hee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study examined the relationships between stress, depression, body mass index, and food addiction in South Korean nursing students. Data from 323 nursing students in Seoul, Gangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do were collected via self-report questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, logistic regression analyses, and the receiver operating characteristic curve using SPSS 21.0. Overall, 7.1% of students were classified as having a food addiction. Stress and depression affected food addiction, and food addiction influenced obesity. Depression and stress combined were predictors of food addiction. These findings suggest that effective stress management and interventions for depression prevention may be beneficial to prevent food addiction in nursing students.
The Relationships Between Prenatal Smoking Exposure and Telomere Lengths in Fetuses, Infants, and Children
Authors: Wei Holly , Zhang Chongben , Silveyra Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between prenatal smoking exposure and telomere lengths (TLs) in fetuses, infants, and children.

Methods
This is a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Databases searched were Biomedical Reference Collection, MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. The latest search was on October 18, 2019.

Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and thus were reviewed. Five of the studies showed significant inverse relationships between prenatal tobacco exposure and TLs in fetuses, infants, and children. One study showed a modification effect of the postconceptual age, indicating that older fetuses with prenatal smoking exposure had shorter TLs than their counterparts. This effect was more prominent after 93 days of postconception. Another study reported a finding that was contrary to the above results, showing that the telomeres of newborns with prenatal smoking exposure were longer than those of their counterparts.

Conclusion/Recommendations
This review shows that the impact of prenatal smoking on the health of unborn fetuses, infants, and children is an understudied area. Because of the inconsistent findings and cross-sectional study designs, more research is required, especially longitudinally studies. Nonetheless, the findings of the review provide partial evidence that prenatal smoking can potentially impact the genetic biomarker, TLs, and, thus, health of fetuses, infants, and children. The evidence confirms the current practice that pregnant women should be encouraged to stop smoking as soon as they become pregnant.
Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Family Caregivers of Stroke Survivors During First Year of Caregiving
Authors: Chung Misook L. , Lee Suk Jeong , Son Youn-Jung , Miller Jennifer L. , King Rosemarie B. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of depressive symptom trajectory and examine the associations of the symptom trajectory with caregiving burden, family function, social support, and perceived health status of caregivers of stroke survivors during the first year of caregiving after discharge from rehabilitation center.

Methods
Caregivers of stroke survivors completed a survey of depressive symptoms, caregiving burden, family function, perceived availability of social support, and perceived health status at postdischarge and 1 year. Patterns of depressive symptom trajectory (ie, symptom-free, symptom relieved, symptom developed, and persistent symptom groups) were identified by grouping depressive symptoms based on 2 assessments using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the associations.

Results
Of the 102 caregivers, 57.8% were symptom-free, 20.6% experienced persistent depressive symptoms, 11.8% relieved depressive symptoms, and 9.8% developed depressive symptoms. There were significant changes in family function (Wilks λ = 0.914, P = .038) and perceived health status (Wilks λ = 0.914, P = .033) among the groups during the first year of caregiving. The persistent symptom group reported the highest level of burden and the lowest level of family function and perceived availability of social support at both assessment times. Compared with symptom-free caregivers, caregivers with persistent depressive symptoms were 7 times more likely to have fair/poor health rather than excellent/very good health at 1 year (odds ratio, 7.149; P = .012).

Conclusion
Caregivers with persistent depressive symptoms are the most vulnerable to negative psychosocial outcomes and poor perceived health status during the first year of caregiving from discharge for stroke survivors.
Case Report: Ocular Tilt Reaction with Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia and Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies
Authors: Teo Shee Kiang , Mohd Khialdin Safinaz , Yong Meng Hsien , Othman Othmaliza , Ami Malisa 
Published: November 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Ocular tilt reaction (OTR) is an abnormal eye-head postural reaction that consists of skew deviation, head tilt, and bilateral ocular torsion. Understanding of the pathway of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is essential because this will help to localize the pathology.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to report a case of OTR with contralateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and fifth and seventh cranial nerve palsies.

CASE REPORT
A 51-year-old gentleman with underlying diabetes mellitus presented with sudden onset of diplopia for 3 days. On examination, his visual acuity was 20/30 bilaterally without a relative afferent pupillary defect. He had a right OTR consisting of a right head tilt, a skew deviation with a left eye hypertropia, and bilateral ocular torsion (right excyclotorsion and left incyclotorsion) with nystagmus. He also had a left adduction deficit and right abduction nystagmus consistent with a left INO. Ocular examination revealed evidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy bilaterally. Two days after the initial presentation, the patient developed left seventh and fifth cranial nerve palsies. MRI showed left pontine infarction and multiple chronic lacunar infarctions. There was an incidental finding of a vascular loop compression on cisternal portions of the left trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves. Antiplatelet treatment was started on top of a better diabetic control. The diplopia was gradually resolved with improved clinical signs. In this case, the left pontine infarction had likely affected the terminal decussated part of the vestibulocochlear nerve from the right VOR pathway, medial longitudinal fasciculus, and cranial nerve nuclei in the left pons.

CONCLUSIONS
The OTR can be ipsilateral to the lesion if the lesion is before the decussation of the VOR pathway in the pons, or it can be contralateral to the lesion if the lesion is after the decussation. In case of an OTR that is associated with contralateral INO and other contralateral cranial nerves palsy, a pathology in the pons that is contralateral to the OTR should be considered. Neuroimaging study can hence be targeted to identify the possible cause.
Assessing Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Education Using the Neurological Assessment Competency Evaluation System
Authors: Yeh Peter Chia , Gilbert-Baffoe Ekua , Michael Ashley , Frontera Joel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Competent neurologic examination and clinical skills are essential components in the care for patients in acute hospital and rehabilitation settings. To enhance the evaluation and education of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation residents, the authors developed an educational objective structured clinical examination, the Neurological Exam Assessment Competency Evaluation System, and gathered 2 yrs of baseline data. The Neurological Exam Assessment Competency Evaluation System consisted of nine 9-min examination stations, seven with written clinical scenario with instructions for junior residents to complete the appropriate examination (stations: Altered Mental Status, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Dementia, Stroke, Falls, and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Sensory and Motor Examinations). Examinees provided written responses to posed questions for the other two stations—Modified Ashworth Scale and brachial plexus. The assessment tools for this examination were designed for residency programs to evaluate the basic competencies as outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation milestones. Based on the feedback received from the examinees and examiners, the Neurological Exam Assessment Competency Evaluation System can serve as an educational objective structured clinical examination for the improvement of trainee core competencies.
Systematic scoping review of interactions between analgesic drug therapy and mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain in adults: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Park Rex , Mohiuddin Mohammed , Poulin Patricia A. , Salomons Tim , Edwards Robert , Nathan Howard , Haley Chris , Gilron Ian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most patients with chronic pain do not find adequate pain relief with a single treatment, and accumulating evidence points to the added benefits of rational combinations of different treatments. Given that psychological therapies, such as mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), are often delivered in conjunction with concomitant analgesic drug therapies (CADTs), this systematic scoping review examines the evidence for any interactions between MBIs and CADTs. The protocol for this review has been published and registered. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched until July 2019. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of MBIs for the treatment of chronic pain. A total of 40 randomized controlled trials (2978 participants) were included. Thirty-nine of 40 (97.5%) included mindfulness-based clinical trials allowed the use of CADTs. However, only 6 of these 39 (15.4%) trials provided adequate details of what these CADTs were, and only 4 (10.3%) trials controlled for CADTs. Of great relevance to this review, none of the included trials analyzed the interactions between MBIs and the CADTs to determine whether they have an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect on chronic pain. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, and no judgment could be made about safety. Future trials assessing the interactions between MBIs and CADTs, with better harms reporting, are needed to better define the role of MBIs in the management of chronic pain.
Association of SNPs in HLA-C and ZNRD1 Genes With HIV-1 Mother-to-Child Transmission in Zambia Population
Authors: Celerino da Silva Ronaldo , Segat Ludovica , Kuhn Louise , Chies José Artur Bogo , Crovella Sergio 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) and Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 (ZNRD1) are considered HIV-1 restriction factors and are expressed in the placenta. Variations in HLA-C and ZNRD1 genes are known to influence HIV-1 infection, including viral replication and progression to AIDS. Little is known about the role of variants in these genes in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission.

Methods:
We evaluated the distribution of HLA-C (rs10484554, rs9264942) and ZNRD1 (rs8321, rs3869068) variants in a Zambian population composed of 333 children born to HIV-1+ mothers (248 HIV-1 noninfected/85 HIV-1 infected) and 97 HIV-1+ mothers.

Results:
Genotypic distribution of HLA-C and ZNRD1 were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, except for HLA-C rs10484554 in both groups. In mothers, no significant differences were observed in their allele and genotypic distributions for both genes. The T and TT variants (rs10484554—HLA-C) were significantly more frequent among HIV-1+ children, specifically those who acquired the infection in utero (IU) and intrapartum (IP). For ZNRD1, the T allele (rs3869068) was more frequent in HIV-1− children, showing significant differences in relation to those infected via IP and postpartum (PP). The CT and TT genotypes were significantly more frequent in HIV-1− children.

Conclusions:
Variations in HLA-C (T and TT—rs10484554) and ZNRD1 (T and CT/TT—rs3869068) can increase and decrease the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection via mother-to-child transmission, respectively. Further studies are encouraged focusing on a greater number of variants and sample size, with functional validation and in other populations.