bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnea in men is associated with altered lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and body fat percentage
Authors: Kamble Prasad G. , Theorell-Haglöw Jenny , Wiklund Urban , Franklin Karl A. , Hammar Ulf , Lindberg Eva , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes. In this community-based study, we thoroughly investigated fatty acid metabolism, incretin response, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, and autonomic nerve activity in men with or without OSA.

Methods
Fifteen men without diabetes but with signs of severe OSA, defined as apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) >30, and 15 age- and BMI-matched men without OSA (AHI < 5) were recruited from a community-based cohort. Assessments included clinical and anthropometric measurements, a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and autonomic nerve activity using heart rate variability (HRV).

Results
Men with OSA had higher body fat % than BMI-matched men without OSA (p = 0.046) and it was associated with markers of insulin resistance. The area under the curve for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) during OGTT was higher in men with OSA (p = 0.021) and fasting NEFA levels were numerically higher (p = 0.097). The plasma glucose at fasting and during OGTT was higher in men with OSA (p < 0.001). Incretin response was similar between groups. Fasting and OGTT-derived indices indicated impaired insulin sensitivity in men with OSA. Compared with men without OSA, Matsuda index (p = 0.068) and Gutt index (p < 0.01) were lower in men with OSA. The HRV measures did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that fatty acid handling, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity are impaired in men with severe OSA. This might partly be explained by the increased body fat percentage.
SF-12 or SF-36 in pituitary disease? Toward concise and comprehensive patient-reported outcomes measurements
Authors: van der Meulen Merel , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , Lobatto Daniel J. , Andela Cornelie D. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , Pereira Alberto M. , van Furth Wouter R. , Biermasz Nienke R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Pituitary diseases severely affect patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The most frequently used generic HRQoL questionnaire is the Short Form-36 (SF-36). The shorter 12-item version (SF-12) can improve efficiency of patient monitoring. This study aimed to determine whether SF-12 can replace SF-36 in pituitary care.

Methods
In a longitudinal cohort study (August 2016 to December 2018) among 103 endoscopically operated adult pituitary tumor patients, physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) of SF-36 and SF-12 were measured preoperatively, and 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Chronic care was assessed with a cross-sectional study (N = 431). Mean differences and agreement between SF-36 and SF-12 change in scores (preoperative vs. 6 months) were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement, depicting 95% of individual patients.

Results
In the longitudinal study, mean differences between change in SF-36 and SF-12 scores were 1.4 (PCS) and 0.4 (MCS) with fair agreement for PCS (ICC = 0.546) and substantial agreement for MCS (ICC = 0.931). For 95% of individual patients, the difference between change in SF-36 and SF-12 scores varied between −14.0 and 16.9 for PCS and between −7.8 and 8.7 for MCS. Cross-sectional results showed fair agreement for PCS (ICC = 0.597) and substantial agreement for MCS (ICC = 0.943).

Conclusions
On a group level, SF-12 can reliably reproduce MCS in pituitary patients, although PCS is less well correlated. However, individual differences between SF-36 and SF-12 can be large. For pituitary diseases, alternative strategies are needed for concise, but comprehensive patient-reported outcome measurement.
Soziale Arbeit im Ausnahmezustand?! Professionstheoretische Forschungsnotizen zur Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Buschle Christina , Meyer Nikolaus 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie verändert aktuell zahlreiche Lebens- und Arbeitsbereiche in Deutschland. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden erste Trends aus einer bundesweiten Online-Befragung mit 1867 Beschäftigten der Sozialen Arbeit zu den Auswirkungen der Einschränkungen auf die Beschäftigungssituation in der Sozialen Arbeit vorgestellt. Deutlich wird bereits jetzt: Neben Arbeitsverdichtungen nehmen die Beschäftigten veränderte Arbeitsbündnisse mit den Adressat*innen ebenso wie sich wandelnde professionelle Standards wahr – bei gleichzeitig mangelnder gesellschaftlicher Anerkennung. Die Folgen der Corona-Pandemie für die Soziale Arbeit sind zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt noch nicht absehbar, münden für die Mehrheit der Befragten aber in größeren Anforderungen an das eigene Handlungsfeld.
Interleukin-23 Represses the Level of Cell Senescence Induced by the Androgen Receptor Antagonists Enzalutamide and Darolutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Gupta Siddharth , Pungsrinont Thanakorn , Ženata Ondrej , Neubert Laura , Vrzal Radim , Baniahmad Aria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of men in Western countries. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially successful, however eventually fails, and tumors progress to the more aggressive castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Yet, androgen receptor (AR) usually remains as a major regulator of tumor cell proliferation in CRPC. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) was recently shown to promote the development of CRPC by driving AR transcription. Here we used the androgen-sensitive LNCaP, castration-resistant C4-2, and 22Rv1 cells. Interestingly, cellular senescence is induced in these human cell lines by treatment with the AR antagonists enzalutamide (ENZ) or darolutamide (ODM), which might be one underlying mechanism for inhibition of PCa cell proliferation. Treatment with IL-23 alone did not change cellular senescence levels in these cell lines, whereas IL-23 inhibited significantly cellular senescence levels induced by ENZ or ODM in both CRPC cell lines C4-2 and 22Rv1 but not in LNCaP cells. This indicates a response of IL-23 specific in CRPC cells. Generating LNCaP and C4-2 three-dimensional (3D) spheroids and treatment with AR antagonists resulted in the reduced spheroid volume and thus growth inhibition. However, the combination of AR antagonists with IL-23 did not affect the antagonist-mediated reduction of spheroid volumes. This observation was confirmed with proliferation assays using adherent monolayer cell cultures. Taken together, the data indicate that IL-23 treatment reduces the AR antagonists-induced level of cellular senescence of CRPC cells, which could be one possible mechanism for promoting castration resistance.
TRIM35 mediates protection against influenza infection by activating TRAF3 and degrading viral PB2
Authors: Sun Nan , Jiang Li , Ye Miaomiao , Wang Yihan , Wang Guangwen , Wan Xiaopeng , Zhao Yuhui , Wen Xia , Liang Libin , Ma Shujie , Liu Liling , Bu Zhigao , Chen Hualan , Li Chengjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral infections. Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation. Deficiency in or inhibition of TRIM35 suppressed the production of type I interferon (IFN) in response to viral infection.Trim35-deficient mice were more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) infection than were wild-type mice. TRIM35 promoted the RIG-I-mediated signaling by catalyzing Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 and the subsequent formation of a signaling complex with VISA and TBK1. IAV PB2 polymerase countered the innate antiviral immune response by impeding the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and activation of TRAF3. TRIM35 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IAV PB2, thereby antagonizing its suppression of TRAF3 activation. Ourin vitroandin vivofindings thus reveal novel roles of TRIM35, through catalyzing Lys63- or Lys48-linked polyubiquitination, in RIG-I antiviral immunity and mechanism of defense against IAV infection.
Creep deformation behavior during densification of ZrB2-SiBCN ceramics with ZrO2 additive
Authors: Feng Bo , Wang Zhenhang , Fan Yunhao , Gu Jinghua , Zhang Yue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZrB2-SiBCN ceramics with ZrO2additive are hot-pressed under a constant applied pressure. The densification behavior of the composites is studied in a view of creep deformation by means of the Bernard-Granger and Guizard model. With determination of the stress exponent (n) and the apparent activation energy (Qd), the specific deformation mechanisms controlling densification are supposed. Within lower temperature ranges of 1300–1400 °C, the operative mechanism is considered to be grain boundary sliding accommodated by atom diffusion of the polymer-derived SiBCN (n= 1,Qd= 123±5 kJ/mol) and by viscous flow of the amorphous SiBCN (n= 2,Qd= 249±5 kJ/mol). At higher temperatures, the controlling mechanism transforms to lattice or intra-granular diffusion creep (n= 3–5) due to gradual consumption of the amorphous phase. It is suggested that diffusion of oxygen ions inside ZrO2into the amorphous SiBCN decreases the viscosity, modifies the fluidity, and contributes to the grain boundary mobility.
Hypersensitivity reactions to biologics (part II): classifications and current diagnostic and treatment approaches
Authors: Gülsen Askin , Wedi Bettina , Jappe Uta 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Biotechnological substances (BS) have rapidly expanded their clinical use. In parallel, there is an increase in expected or unexpected immunological or non-immunological adverse effects. In this part of the review, the current nomenclature of BSs, the classification of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), as well as diagnostic and treatment approaches are documented to provide the tools to understand the nomenclature used throughout the databases and the need to harmonize it where applicable.

Methods
Detailed searches were performed on Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to include all available publications. The search terms, such as specific BS, allergy, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, reactions, classification, diagnosis, grading, management, and desensitization, were determined for the search. Case reports, articles, and reviews on this subject were included.

Results
Today, a variety of non-standardized methods are used to support the clinical diagnosis. These include prick-to-prick tests and intradermal tests with the drug itself and its potentially allergenic ingredients. More rarely, anti-drug antibodies are detected and basophil activation tests are used by centers with research facilities. Although the treatment protocols for acute conditions vary, the overall approach is the same.

Conclusion
HSRs to BS are gradually increasing with the widening of their clinical use and indications. It is very important to prevent HSRs and to know the degree of severity as well as the emergency treatment algorithm. This review summarizes the diagnostic tests that should be applied: (a) immediately during/after a reaction, and (b) subsequently, and in the case that a switch of BS is not possible, desensitization is an option.
Multi-criteria decision-making method with double risk parameters in interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environments
Authors: Niu Li-li , Li Jian , Li Feilong , Wang Zhong-xing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process, decision-makers with different risk attitudes may have different decision results. To address this issue and present decision-makers’ mentality, this paper introduces two mentality parameters. These parameters reflect the decision-makers’ risk attitudes in determining the membership and non-membership degrees of the evaluation information. In addition, the parameters demonstrate the risk attitude in terms of the hesitancy degree under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information. Then, a new score function of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs) is proposed that uses the introduced mentality parameters. Meanwhile, certain properties of the proposed score function are discussed. Furthermore, the weighted comprehensive score value of IVIFNs is introduced, and an MCDM method is developed in an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Finally, a numerical example and comparative analyses are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Rawlsian Institutionalism and Business Ethics: Does It Matter Whether Corporations Are Part of the Basic Structure of Society?
Authors: Berkey Brian 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, I aim to clarify some key issues in the ongoing debate about the relationship between Rawlsian political philosophy and business ethics. First, I discuss precisely what we ought to be asking when we consider whether corporations are part of the “basic structure of society.” I suggest that the relevant questions have been mischaracterized in much of the existing debate, and that some key distinctions have been overlooked. I then argue that although Rawlsian theory’s potential implications for business ethics are more extensive than some have suggested, the nature of the concern that we ought to have about the effects of corporate behavior on individuals’ economic and social conditions should lead us to reject the view that corporations are bound by principles of justice only if, and insofar as, they are part of the basic structure.
NONMEASURABLE SETS AND UNIONS WITH RESPECT TO TREE IDEALS
Authors: MICHALSKI MARCIN , RAŁOWSKI ROBERT , ŻEBERSKI SZYMON 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a notion of nonmeasurablity with respect to Marczewski and Marczewski-like tree ideals

$s_0$
,

$m_0$
,

$l_0$
,

$cl_0$
,

$h_0,$
and

$ch_0$
. We show that there exists a subset of the Baire space

$\omega ^\omega ,$
which is s-, l-, and m-nonmeasurable that forms a dominating m.e.d. family. We investigate a notion of

${\mathbb {T}}$
-Bernstein sets—sets which intersect but do not contain any body of any tree from a given family of trees

${\mathbb {T}}$
. We also obtain a result on

${\mathcal {I}}$
-Luzin sets, namely, we prove that if

${\mathfrak {c}}$
is a regular cardinal, then the algebraic sum (considered on the real line

${\mathbb {R}}$
) of a generalized Luzin set and a generalized Sierpiński set belongs to

$s_0, m_0$
,

$l_0,$
and

$cl_0$
.
Workshop on reproducibility in research
Authors: Kalichman Michael , Mills Paul J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, concern about research reproducibility has increased dramatically for scientists, funders of research, and the general public. With a view to explicitly address what is often called a reproducibility crisis and putting the focus on research being done by individual trainees, a two-hour workshop was developed and introduced into six courses at UC San Diego. Participation in the workshop resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of different types of strategies identified by the trainees for fostering reproducibility. The findings are consistent with having increased awareness of strategies to promote reproducibility.
Exploratory tympanotomy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss for the identification of a perilymphatic fistula – retrospective analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Heilen S , Lang C P , Warnecke A , Lenarz T , Durisin M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnostic value of exploratory tympanotomy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains controversial. This study and review were performed to identify the incidence of perilymphatic fistula in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The effectiveness of tympanotomy for sealing of the cochlear windows in cases with perilymphatic fistula was evaluated.MethodsA search in common databases was performed. Overall, 5034 studies were retrieved. Further, a retrospective analysis on 90 patients was performed.ResultsEight publications dealing with tympanotomy in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were identified. In 90 patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and undergoing exploratory tympanotomy, 10 patients (11 per cent) were identified with a perilymphatic fistula, and this corresponds to the results obtained from our review (13.6 per cent).ConclusionThere was no significant improvement after exploratory tympanotomy and sealing of the membranes for patients with a definite perilymphatic fistula.
Pseudo mastoid obliteration with conchal cartilage may be a safe alternative technique for cochlear implantation in canal wall down mastoidectomy with large meatoplasty
Authors: Carnevale C , Til-Pérez G , Arancibia-Tagle D , Tomás-Barberán M , Sarría-Echegaray P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveSafe cochlear implantation is challenging in patients with canal wall down mastoid cavities, and the presence of large meatoplasties increases the risk of external canal overclosure. This paper describes our results of obliteration of the mastoid cavity with conchal cartilage as an alternative procedure in cases of canal wall down mastoidectomy with very large meatoplasty.MethodsThe cases of seven patients with a canal wall down mastoidectomy cavity who underwent cochlear implantation were retrospectively reviewed. Post-operative complications were analysed. The mean follow-up duration was 4.5 years.ResultsThere was no hint of cholesteatoma recurrence and all patients have been free of symptoms during follow up. Only one patient showed cable extrusion six months after surgery, and implantation of the contralateral ear was needed.ConclusionPseudo-obliteration of the mastoid cavity with a cartilage multi-layered palisade reconstruction covering the electrode may be a safe alternative in selected patients with a large meatoplasty.
Investigating the learning curve in endoscopic compared to microscopic myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion
Authors: Denton O , Daglish A , Smallman L , Fishpool S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveRate of learning is often cited as a deterrent in the use of endoscopic ear surgery. This study investigated the learning curves of novice surgeons performing simulated ear surgery using either an endoscope or a microscope.MethodsA prospective multi-site clinical research study was conducted. Seventy-two medical students were randomly allocated to the endoscope or microscope group, and performed 10 myringotomy and ventilation tube insertions. Trial times were used to produce learning curves. From these, slope (learning rate) and asymptote (optimal proficiency) were ascertained.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the learning curves (p = 0.41). The learning rate value was 68.62 for the microscope group and 78.71 for the endoscope group. The optimal proficiency (seconds) was 32.83 for the microscope group and 27.87 for the endoscope group.ConclusionThe absence of a significant difference shows that the learning rates of each technique are statistically indistinguishable. This suggests that surgeons are not justified when citing ‘steep learning curve’ in arguments against the use of endoscopes in middle-ear surgery.
Novel use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in the management of pyriform aperture stenosis: case report
Authors: Fuzi J , Teng A , Saddi V , Soma M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPyriform aperture stenosis is a rare form of congenital nasal obstruction; it poses a management dilemma for otolaryngologists and physicians alike. It can result in poor weight gain and potentially life-threatening airflow obstruction. The challenge lies in the difficulty to predict which patients will require invasive operative management versus conservative therapy alone.Case reportThis case demonstrates the successful use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in a young child with pyriform aperture stenosis.
A family of Vlasov–Maxwell equilibrium distribution functions describing a transition from the Harris sheet to the force-free Harris sheet
Authors: Neukirch T. , Wilson F. , Allanson O. 
Published: June 2020

We discuss a family of Vlasov–Maxwell equilibrium distribution functions for current sheet equilibria that are intermediate cases between the Harris sheet and the force-free (or modified) Harris sheet. These equilibrium distribution functions have potential applications to space and astrophysical plasmas. The existence of these distribution functions had been briefly discussed by Harrison & Neukirch (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 102, (2009a), 135003), but here it is shown that their approach runs into problems in the limit where the guide field goes to zero. The nature of this problem will be discussed and an alternative approach will be suggested that avoids the problem. This is achieved by considering a slight variation of the magnetic field profile, which allows a smooth transition between the Harris and force-free Harris sheet cases.
Big cats in borderlands: challenges and implications for transboundary conservation of Asian leopards
Authors: Farhadinia Mohammad S. , Rostro-García Susana , Feng Limin , Kamler Jan F. , Spalton Andrew , Shevtsova Elena , Khorozyan Igor , Al-Duais Mohammed , Ge Jianping , Macdonald David W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarge carnivores have extensive spatial requirements, with ranges that often span geopolitical borders. Consequently, management of transboundary populations is subject to several political jurisdictions, often with heterogeneity in conservation challenges. In continental Asia there are four threatened leopard subspecies with transboundary populations spanning 23 countries: the Persian Panthera pardus saxicolor, Indochinese P. pardus delacouri, Arabian P. pardus nimr and Amur P. pardus orientalis leopards. We reviewed the status of these subspecies and examined the challenges to, and opportunities for, their conservation. The Amur and Indochinese leopards have the majority (58–100%) of their remaining range in borderlands, and the Persian and Arabian leopards have 23–26% of their remaining ranges in borderlands. Overall, in 18 of 23 countries the majority of the remaining leopard range is in borderlands, and thus in most countries conservation of these subspecies is dependent on transboundary collaboration. However, we found only two transboundary initiatives for Asian leopards. Overall, we highlighted three key transboundary landscapes in regions that are of high importance for the survival of these subspecies. Recent listing of the leopard in the Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals is important, but more international collaboration is needed to conserve these subspecies. We provide a spatial framework with which range countries and international agencies could establish transboundary cooperation for conserving threatened leopards in Asia.
Prospection does not imply predictive processing
Authors: Litwin Piotr , Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Predictive processing models of psychopathologies are not explanatorily consistent with the present account of abstract thought. These models are based on latent variables probabilistically mapping the structure of the world. As such, they cannot be informed by representational ontology based on mental objects and states. What actually is the case is merely some terminological affinity between subjective and informational uncertainty.
Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making
Authors: Reyna Valerie F. , Broniatowski David A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature onabstraction,representational diversity,neurocognition, andpsychopathologythat provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.