bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baroclinic Vorticity Generation Near the Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface of a Boundary Layer with Combustion
Authors: Wang Chuhan , Xu Chunxiao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnstrophy transport is examined in a recent direct numerical simulation database of compressible turbulent boundary layer featuring non-premixed hydrogen-air combustion. The inlet flow profile combines a cold, sonic hydrogen stream near the wall with a preheated, supersonic air mainstream, resulting in downstream transition and ignition phenomena, using a detailed chemistry scheme. Unlike reacting mixing layers or jets where the flame surface typically develops at regions of maximum shear intensity, in this configuration, the flame surface region is found beneath the boundary layer edge within one Taylor micro-scale of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. While classical enstrophy budget analyses along the wall-normal direction reveal no significant deviation from non-reacting boundary layers, conditional budget analyses in the direction normal to the turbulent/non-turbulent interface unveil baroclinic torque production of comparable magnitude to vortex stretching in the turbulent sublayer. The relationship between local chemical heat release and baroclinic torque generation is investigated by evaluation of the integrand linked to the enstrophy variation from baroclinic torque at different heat release levels. The findings suggest that net torque variations are skewed towards positive values in the local flow regions of sufficiently high chemical heat release.
Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface in a Spatially Developing Turbulent Boundary Layer Laden with Small Heavy Particle
Authors: Wang Ping , Wei Qingqing , Zheng Xiaojing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of spatially developing turbulent boundary layer laden with small, heavy particles are performed at low Reynolds number. The effects of particle gravity settling on the turbulent/non-turbulent interface are discussed by comparing the new simulations with previous simulations laden with inertial particles. The results reveal that heavy particles reduced the height of the interface but increase the complexity of the interface by stretching the boundary downwards and generating extra small-scale structures. Different degrees and positions of particle accumulation beneath the interface, together the gravity settling of heavy particles, result in nonmonotonical changes of the thickness of the interface layer which is apparently different from inertia-particle cases.
Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface in Water Jet with Polymer Additives
Authors: Xi Heng-Dong , Peng Sheng-Hong , Zhang Yi-Bao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effect of polymer additives on the global entrainment of a turbulent round jet was found to show two distinct regimes: the reduction and enhancement regimes in the near and far fields, respectively. Using time-resolved simultaneous particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence measurements, we hereby present an experimental study on the local entrainment and engulfment process along the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). We find that the local entrainment velocity is augmented in both regimes, due to the contribution from polymer elastic stress and a higher probability for TNTI to visit jet centreline region where the entrainment velocity is larger. In the entrainment reduction regime, the fractal dimension and length of TNTI are smaller compared to the Newtonian case; while those in the enhancement regime are nearly not changed. The difference between the two regimes results from the fact the jet flow decays in the streamwise direction. In the near field, the flow is intense enough to substantially stretch polymers, which results in a redistribution of energy among different scales and a steeper decay of energy in the inertial range. However, in the far field, the stretching of the polymer and in turn the feedback of polymers is not strong enough to alter the inertial range scaling of the energy spectrum. Moreover, our study reveals although more ambient fluid is engulfed into the turbulent region due to the augmented large scale motion by polymers, engulfment is still not the major contribution to the entrainment in polymer-laden jet, which is similar to the case in Newtonian jet.
Multi-level loop equations for $$\beta $$-corners processes
Authors: Dimitrov Evgeni , Knizel Alisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The goal of the paper is to introduce a new set of tools for the study of discrete and continuous

$$\beta $$

β

-corners processes. In the continuous setting, our work provides a multi-level extension of the loop equations (also called Schwinger–Dyson equations) for

$$\beta $$

β

-log gases obtained by Borot and Guionnet in (Commun. Math. Phys. 317, 447–483, 2013). In the discrete setting, our work provides a multi-level extension of the loop equations (also called Nekrasov equations) for discrete

$$\beta $$

β

-ensembles obtained by Borodin, Gorin and Guionnet in (Publications mathématiques de l’IHÉS 125, 1–78, 2017).
What Do Mismatch Negativity (MMN) Responses Tell Us About Tinnitus?
Authors: Yukhnovich Ekaterina A. , Alter Kai , Sedley William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the heterogeneous causes, symptoms and associated comorbidities with tinnitus, there remains an unmet need for a clear biomarker of tinnitus presence. Previous research has suggested a “final pathway” of tinnitus presence, which occurs regardless of the specific mechanisms that resulted in alterations of auditory predictions and, eventually, tinnitus perception. Predictive inference mechanisms have been proposed as the possible basis for this final unifying pathway. A commonly used measure of prediction violation is mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrical potential generated in response to most stimuli that violate an established regularity. This narrative review discusses 16 studies comparing MMN between tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. Methods varied considerably, including type of deviant, type of paradigm and carrier frequency. A minority of studies matched groups for age, sex and hearing, with few measuring hyperacusis. Frequency deviants were the most widely studied; at frequencies remote from tinnitus, MMN was consistently smaller in tinnitus groups, though hyperacusis or altered distress or attention could not be ruled out as explanatory factors. Few studies have used tinnitus-related frequencies; these showed larger MMN to upward frequency deviants above the tinnitus frequency, and larger MMN to upward intensity deviants at or close to the tinnitus frequency. However, the latter appears a correlate of hyperacusis rather than tinnitus, and tinnitus groups without hyperacusis instead show larger MMN to downward intensity deviants than controls. Other factors that affect MMN amplitudes included age, attention, and the specific characteristics of the range of stimuli across a particular experiment paradigm. As such, MMN cannot presently be considered a specific biomarker of tinnitus, but showed potential to objectively characterise a number of auditory processing traits relevant to tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Harnessing biostimulants from biogas digestates for high-value resource recovery: a review
Authors: Sani Md. Nasir Hossain , Amin Mehedi , Bergstrand Karl-Johan , Caspersen Siri , Prade Thomas , Yong Jean Wan Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Improper disposal of organic waste leads to greenhouse gases, pollution, and health risks. Anaerobic digestion offers a sustainable solution by converting this waste into biogas and digestates, which contain valuable nutrients and stimulatory organic compounds that can be recycled to improve plant growth and support food production. Here we review the transformation of liquid and solid digestates into biostimulants by microalgal cultivation, vermicomposting, and insect-based bioconversion. These processes yield phytohormones, polysaccharides, betaines, humic substances, chitin, protein hydrolysates, and growth-promoting microbes, that enhance plant growth and resilience against environmental stresses. Due to the variability in digestate composition, we emphasize the need for optimized formulations, a deep understanding of synergistic interactions among bioactive compounds, and standardized extraction techniques to support broader applications.
On Privileged Coordinates and Kleinian Methods
Authors: Barrett Thomas William , Manchak J. B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper examines two ways in which the ‘privileged coordinates’ of a geometric space might have significance. First, the structure of the space might be ‘determined by its privileged coordinates’. Second, the space might be presentable using ‘Kleinian methods’. We examine the geometric spaces for which these two conditions hold. Along the way, we investigate the relationship between these two conditions.
Computational study of the thermophysical properties of graphene oxide/vacuum residue nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Yusuf Abdulhakeem , Bhatti M. M. , Khalique C. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prior research suggests that the use of nanotechnology may greatly improve the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery methods, especially hot fluid injection. The thermophysical characteristics of the nanofluid may have an enormous effect on how well the injection process works. However, it takes both time and resources to conduct laboratory analyses of the effects of thermophysical characteristics on the effectiveness of nanofluid-based improved oil recovery methods. Computational models can effectively forecast the thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids and how they affect oil recovery efficiency, which helps overcome this difficulty. The current study investigates the flow of vacuum residue (VR) fluid, which generates entropy when suspended graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. When mixed convection and variable thermal conductivity are present, a static/moving wedge allows the nanofluid to propagate. The continuity, energy, entropy, and momentum equations form the foundation of the governing model. We use certain similarity variables to simplify the suggested mathematical formulations into forms for nonlinear differential equations (DEs). We show the results of the reduced equations using the Chebyshev collocation method. We present the graphical and numerical results for all the emerging parameters. For enhanced oil recovery applications, the current results are beneficial.
Climate change and state interference: the case of privacy
Authors: Menges Leonhard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change is one of the most important issues we are currently facing. There are many ways in which states can fight climate change. Some of them involve interfering with citizens’ personal lives. The question of whether such interference is justified is under-explored in philosophy. This paper focuses on a specific aspect of people’s personal lives, namely their informational privacy. It discusses the question of whether, given certain empirical assumptions, it is proportional of the state to risk its citizens’ privacy or to risk infringing its citizens’ right to privacy to fight climate change. The main claim this paper argues for is that if fighting climate change and protecting our privacy conflict, we have good reason to fight climate change rather than protect our privacy.
Which types of family caregivers are more prone to developing depression? Leveraging non-financial social support to mitigate depression
Authors: Chu Amanda M. Y. , Woo Damen H. Y. , Tiwari Agnes , Yuk Helina , So Mike K. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Family caregivers face stress, especially those facing financial burdens. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate non-financial social support intervention’s effectiveness and identify demographic factors linked to higher caregiver depression risk. We attempted to investigate whether social support could protect caregivers from experiencing depression. We introduced non-financial social support by offering a range of workshops and activities to help reduce stress experienced by the caregivers. We recruited 462 informal family caregivers from a Hong Kong nonprofit organization. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and a demographic characteristics questionnaire before and after the intervention. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed with ANOVA on pre- and post-intervention BDI-II scores. The research findings suggested that the intervention effectively reduced family caregivers’ depression levels. The intervention was more effective for caregivers facing financial difficulties. Additionally, this study revealed that single-family caregivers are more susceptible to depression. This research validates the effectiveness of our intervention for family caregivers in preventing them from developing depression. Policymakers should subsidize social welfare organizations to offer more non-financial interventions and social support for caregivers within the community.
Sex difference in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: follow-up data of the Netherlands Heart Registration
Authors: Wester Mara-Louise , Olsthoorn Jules R. , Soliman-Hamad Mohamed A. , Houterman Saskia , Roefs Maaike M. , ter Woorst Joost F. J. ,   Cardiothoracic Surgery Registration Committee of the Netherlands Heart Registration, Bramer S. , van Boven W. J. P. , Vonk A. B. A. , Koene B. M. J. A. , Bekkers J. A. , Hoohenkerk G. J. F. , Markou A. L. P. , de Weger A. , Segers P , Porta F. , Speekenbrink R. G. H. , Stooker W. , Li W. W. L. , Daeter E. J. , van der Kaaij N. P. , Vigano G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Controversies exist regarding sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study assessed sex differences in early and mid-term outcomes after CABG and factors associated with these differences. Outcomes were based on data from the Netherlands Heart Registration (NHR).

Methods
Data of patients undergoing CABG in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2019 were retrieved from the NHR database. Primary outcomes were early mortality, morbidity and mid-term survival. The population was divided into subgroups based on age (≥ 70 years and < 70 years). Regression analyses investigated the correlation between sex and both early and mid-term mortality.

Results
This study included 41,705 male and 10,048 female patients. Median follow-up was 3.6 (1.8–4.8) years. Female patients were less likely to receive ≥ 2 arterial grafts (15.9% vs 23.2%, p < 0.001), had fewer anastomoses (3.2 ± 1.1 vs 3.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.001), higher 30-day mortality (1.9% vs 1.0%; p < 0.001) and a lower mid-term survival rate (91.3% vs 93.1%, p < 0.001). Perioperative complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke, were more common in female patients (all p < 0.001). Women aged < 70 years had a lower mid-term survival rate than men < 70 years (94.5% vs 96.0%, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that female sex was not significantly associated with mid-term mortality in the total cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 1.03; p = 0.45] but was associated with mid-term mortality in patients aged < 70 years (HR 1.19; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Women undergoing CABG in our cohort presented with more complex risk profiles, received different surgical strategies and had worse early and mid-term outcomes compared to men. Female sex was associated with mid-term mortality only in patients < 70 years of age.
What you can do for evolutionary developmental linguistics
Authors: Bausman William C. , Weber Marcel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA growing number of linguistic attempts to explain how languages change use cultural-evolutionary models involving selection or drift. Developmental constraints and biases, which take center stage in evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo, seem to be absent within this framework, even though linguistics is home to numerous notions of constraint. In this paper, we show how these evo-devo concepts could be applied to linguistic change and why they should. This requires some conceptual groundwork, due to important differences between linguistic and biotic evolution. In biological evolution, development generates the organism's variable traits on which selection and drift act. In linguistic evolution by analogy, we say development generates the linguistic variants on which selection and drift can act. “Linguistic development” then picks out how individual speakers produce and comprehend language. It involves much more than just learning. Using this broad notion of development, we distinguish between different types of bias that could operate in the processes of linguistic innovation and transmission, which correspond to genetic mutation and biological reproduction, respectively. Having thus sharpened our conceptual toolbox, we then reanalyze two well-documented cases of linguistic change and show that, in both these cases, linguists have only considered Neo-Darwinian evolutionary explanations, falsely deploying an exclusive disjunction of selection and drift. We show that there is at least a third relevant alternative in these examples, namely developmental constraint or bias in the sense we explicate here.
A simple and efficient method for palynological sample preparation
Authors: Palacios Teodoro , Martínez-Benítez Blanca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe extraction of organic microfossils is a process that requires techniques based on the elimination of the mineral components of the rock (mainly silicates and carbonates) and the subsequent concentration of the microfossils. These techniques are very diverse and have in common the dissolution of the rock (maceration) with hydrofluoric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid to extract the organic matter, which is potentially made up of dispersed organic matter and organic walled microfossils. In this process, there are at least two fundamental objectives. First, that the process respects the fidelity of the organic microfossil record (diversity and preservation). Second, effective elimination of dispersed organic matter, obtaining the maximum concentration of microfossils and microscopic slides with a homogeneous dispersion that allows optimal observing conditions. The method described in this paper is based on a filtration process of the organic matter resulting from the maceration process, employing polyester filters and a vacuum inversion system. In the standard vacuum process, the dispersed organic matter clogs the pores of the filter. The vacuum inversion injects filtered water that unclogs the pores of the filter vessel. The alternation between normal and reverse vacuum results in the progressive elimination of the dispersed organic matter and the concentration of the organic microfossils in a rapid and non-aggressive process.
Apoptotic extracellular vesicles: mechanisms, applications, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Han Dongjian , Li Zhe , Wang Fuhang , Cheng Ke , Shen Deliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released during apoptosis, crucial for intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules to recipient cells. These vesicles are increasingly recognized for their potential in tumor therapy, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. Recent studies reveal that ApoEVs play diverse roles in the medical fields. In tumor therapy, they enhance targeted drug delivery and antitumor immunity. Immune modulation is achieved by presenting antigens to immune cells, fostering specific responses. ApoEVs also aid in tissue regeneration, promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Advances in isolation and engineering techniques have improved the purity and functionality of ApoEVs, enabling their use as therapeutic delivery platforms. ApoEVs hold significant clinical potential by transferring genetic material, proteins, and other bioactive molecules. However, challenges such as standardizing production, ensuring safety, and addressing heterogeneity must be overcome. Future research should optimize isolation methods, elucidate ApoEV mechanisms, and develop strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy. ApoEVs offer promising applications in cancer treatment, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the latest research and potential clinical applications of ApoEVs, highlighting their therapeutic promise and the challenges ahead.

Graphical Abstract
Small aircraft flight trajectory optimisation using a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Rostami M. , Bardin J. , Neufeld D. , Chung J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn a competitive market, airlines continually seek solutions that can reduce their operational costs. Flight path optimisation is a commonly pursued approach to this but requires a large amount of data about the flight environment including the weather information, the aircraft performance and the air traffic control (ATC) requirements. Existing programmes require the user to provide this aircraft performance data in advance and are incapable of generating the information on their own. In this study, using a multidisciplinary approach and numerical optimisations, a novel standalone flight path optimiser (SAFPO) solution is proposed and developed to choose the best flight path for a flight between two points in accordance with the cost objectives. SAFPO uses its own performance calculator, predefined ATC routes, and known weather information to find the optimum flight path which minimises fuel consumption and/or flight time. The aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft are determined using a validated semi-empirical programme called MAPLA, previously developed for light aircraft analysis. Furthermore, the optimisation process consists of a multidisciplinary-feasible (MDF) framework that employs a genetic algorithm (GA) optimiser. The resulting performance characteristics of the aircraft and the optimisation process are compared with the actual information provided within the flight manual of a Beechcraft Baron G58 aircraft. The optimisation results show that SAFPO can be used to make advances in the daily operations of small and local airlines suffering from a lack of aircraft performance data and help them to choose the scenario that best accomplishes their cost objectives.