bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at first calving in dairy cows: which months do you aim for to maximise productivity?
Authors: Steele Mike 
Published: March 2020

PICO question
In dairy cattle, which months should producers target age at first calving in order to maximise milk yield, minimize risk of non-voluntary culling and optimize fertility?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Risk
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Seventeen papers were critically reviewed: 15 sets of case series, one review of case series and cohort studies and one randomised control trial, summarising over 2.4 million individual cow records
Strength of evidence
Strong
Outcomes reported
An optimum range of age at first calving (AFC) on dairy farms appears to be 22–25 months inclusive. Lower or higher than this figure can bring lower first lactation 305 day and lifetime milk yields, lower fertility and lower chances of surviving to a second lactation. Achieving an AFC of 22–25 months can bring the highest economic return to dairies
Conclusion
Age at first calving is a useful and key performance parameter to measure in dairy cattle. Achieving a range of 22–25 months at first calving can help to optimise both long term milk yield, fertility and longevity within the herd

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
La traite, un outil de pilotage du troupeau et de maîtrise de la qualité du lait en élevage bovin laitier
Authors: GUINARD-FLAMENT J. , MARNET P.G. , VERDIER-METZ I. , HURTAUD C. , MONTEL M.C. , STELWAGEN K. , POMIÈS D. 
Published: March 2020

Cette synthèse fait le point sur les effets directs et les conséquences de modifications de la conduite des animaux à la traite. Les effets recherchés répondent à des besoins de pilotage du troupeau ou de maîtrise de la qualité du lait. Ils visent à ajuster le niveau de production laitière sur l’exploitation, optimiser la qualité chimique, structurelle et microbienne du lait et piloter la conduite du troupeau. Les moyens pour intervenir sont variés allant de modifications de fréquence/intervalles de traite, à l’optimisation de la conception et des réglages de la machine à traire et des systèmes de stockage/réfrigération du lait en passant par les pratiques de traite. Il ressort de cette synthèse que la modulation de la fréquence de traite est un outil efficace pour moduler la production de lait et la durée de la lactation, et qu’elle peut contribuer à améliorer les performances de reproduction, gérer les réserves corporelles des vaches et dans certains cas limiter l’apparition de boiteries. Les choix de matériel de traite et de stockage/refroidissement du lait ainsi que les réglages de la machine à traire permettent d’optimiser l’extraction du lait, la durée de la traite et de collecter et conserver un lait d’une qualité maîtrisée sans nuire à la santé de la mamelle. Enfin, l’entretien de la machine à traire, les pratiques de traite et la peau des trayons des animaux semblent jouer un rôle primordial sur la richesse des laits crus en germes d’intérêt pour l’industrie laitière, les équilibres microbiens résultant d’une combinaison de pratiques de production dont la hiérarchisation reste encore difficile.
Agro-écologie et écologie industrielle : deux alternatives complémentaires pour les systèmes d’élevage de demain
Authors: THOMAS M. , FORTUN-LAMOTHE L. , JOUVEN M. , TICHIT M. , GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA E. , DOURMAD J.Y. , DUMONT B. 
Published: March 2020

L’agro-écologie et l’écologie industrielle, qui mobilisent les concepts de l’écologie, sont deux approches complémentaires pour répondreaux enjeux économiques et environnementaux auxquels sont confrontés les systèmes d’élevage. L’agro-écologie cherche à amplifier les processus naturels pour promouvoir des systèmes productifs moins dépendants des intrants, valorisant la diversité animale et végétale et produisant différents services écosystémiques. L’écologie industrielle explore le bouclage des cycles (matière, énergie) pour économiser les ressources nécessaires à la production, et diminuer les pollutions dans des systèmes très contrôlés et ayant un faible lien au sol. Jusqu’ici, les systèmes d’élevage ont été largement écartés des démarches agro-écologiques. Nous proposons et analysons cinq principes agro-écologiques applicables à l’élevage : i) développer des pratiques de gestion intégrée pour améliorer la santé animale, ii) utiliser des ressources naturelles et des coproduits pour diminuer les intrants nécessaires à la production, iii) optimiser le fonctionnement des systèmes d’élevage pour réduire les pollutions, iv) valoriser la diversité dans les élevages pour renforcer leur résilience, et v) adapter les pratiques d’élevage pour préserver la biodiversité dans les agro-écosystèmes et les services écosystémiques associés. A partir de quatre études de cas, nous décrivons comment ces principes se combinent et permettent d’atteindre de meilleures performances économiques et environnementales. Les opportunités et freins actuels pour le développement de systèmes relevant de l’agroécologie ou de l’écologie industrielle sont ensuite discutés en évoquant la motivation des éleveurs à développer des systèmes autonomes et la réorganisation du travail nécessaire pour que s’opèrent de tels changements.
Implications organisationnelles de la sélection génomique chez les bovins et ovins laitiers en France : analyses et accompagnement
Authors: LABATUT J. , ASTRUC J.M. , BARILLET F. , BOICHARD D. , DUCROCQ V. , GRIFFON L. , LAGRIFFOUL G. 
Published: March 2020

Après une présentation rapide du dispositif national historique de sélection des ruminants, cet article aborde les bouleversements politiques et techniques récents auquel celui-ci est confronté, notamment la sélection génomique, dans deux espèces : les bovins et les ovins laitiers. L’accent est mis sur l’analyse des changements organisationnels liés à cette nouvelle technique de sélection, dans quatre domaines des activités de sélection : i) les rapports entre acteurs de la recherche et acteurs de la sélection : développement de nouvelles formes de partenariats public-privé, de consortium, mais aussi développement de dynamiques privées de recherche, avec une évolution des relations historiques entre les opérateurs publics (INRA) et les entreprises ; ii) les relations entre opérateurs de la sélection, avec un regroupement de ceux-ci, mais aussi une remise en question des relations de coopération historiques du fait de l’augmentation de la concurrence et des possibilités offertes par la génomique ; iii) les relations et les pratiques entre acteurs de la sélection et éleveurs, du fait de l’accélération de la production de données et iv) la gouvernance des races, du fait du développement de critères de sélection « privés » pouvant remettre en question la gestion en « bien commun » de la race. Une démarche d’accompagnement des dispositifs de sélection en ovins laitiers à la mise en œuvre de ces changements est présentée, montrant comment des acteurs s’organisent pour anticiper ces changements et maintenir les dispositifs collectifs.
Objectivation de la notion de grain de viande et perspectives d’utilisation pour évaluer la tendreté des viandes de bovins Charolais
Authors: ELLIES-OURY M.P. , DURAND Y. , DELAVIGNE A.E , PICARD B. , MICOL D. , DUMONT R. 
Published: March 2020

L'évaluation du « grain de viande » est une appréciation subjective, utilisée par certains chevillards et bouchers pour sélectionner et orienter les carcasses, un grain extrêmement fin étant synonyme de qualité. Pour évaluer la pertinence de cette notion quatre études ont permis i) d’objectiver la notion de grain de viande par une approche ethnologique, ii) de formaliser ce savoir-faire dans une grille de notation en vif et en carcasse, iii) d’évaluer les propriétés physicochimiques des quatre muscles utilisés par les experts pour juger une carcasse, et iv) d’évaluer l’existence d’un lien entre l’évaluation du grain de viande et la qualité sensorielle des viandes. Les seize indicateurs consignés dans la grille établie sur la carcasse sont répétables et facilement utilisables en abattoir. Sur le muscle longissimus thoracis, les grains fins ont été caractérisés par des teneurs en lipides intramusculaires significativement plus faibles que les grains grossiers, conduisant à des notes d’intensité de flaveur également significativement plus faibles, mais sans répercussions sur les notes de jutosité. Il n’est pas apparu de différence significative de tendreté entre les muscles à grains fins et grossiers. Au niveau physicochimique, le grain fin a été associé à des muscles nécessitant une moindre force de cisaillement sur la viande cuite et présentant une moindre teneur en collagène, sans différence sur sa solubilité, laissant supposer un effet favorable sur les propriétés sensorielles. Les écarts sont cependant très dépendants du muscle étudié et méritent d’être confirmés à plus grande échelle.
CGF Harmony facial skin revitalization for a 40+ patient
Authors: Matthews‑Brzozowska Teresa , Matthews‑Kozanecka Maja , Krzyżanowska‑Lula Aleksandra , Kawałkiewicz Weronika , Hojan‑Jezierska Dorota 
Published: March 2020

In facial skin revitalization it is important to use preventive measures and introduce minimally invasive treatments as soon as the first signs of ageing appear. Such treatments can include the administration of stem cells and concentrated growth factors (CGF Harmony). This procedure was used in the case presented in this paper. Its effects were assessed on the basis of medical photographic documentation obtained using the FotoMedicus system, and instrumental examination of skin parameters, phototype, hydration and redness by means of a Cutometer Dual MPA 580. CGF Harmony was applied three times, and after the second and third application an improvement in the majority of the assessed parameters was observed. However, it cannot be unequivocally demonstrated that three CGF Harmony applications are sufficient for 40+ patients; it may be necessary to monitor skin condition over a longer period of time and introduce combined treatments in the area of facial aesthetic medicine.
Green tea for beauty
Authors: Kurczoba Beata 
Published: March 2020

Green tea has long been in demand because of its health‑related properties. It is thanks to its catechins belonging to the group of polyphenols, which have a strong antioxidant effect. Among the catechins contained in the infusion of green tea, the key role is played by EGCG, which content is 48–59%. Green tea has anticancer, anti‑atherosclerotic, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑bacterial and anti‑aging properties. In cosmetology it is used among many cosmetics that improve the appearance of skin.
Neutralization Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using NaOH at PT. Jorong Barutama Grestone, Tanah Laut, South Borneo
Authors: Utami Umi Baroroh Lili , Susanto Heru , Cahyono Bambang 
Published: March 2020

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is mine water with a low pH derived from the oxidation of pyrite containing sulfide with water and air to produce sulfide acid (H2SO4) containing free sulfate. Acid mine drainage treatment carried out at PT Jorong Barutama Greystone Tanah Laut uses limestone at a cost of Rp.220. - per cubic meter of water. This study was conducted to determine the use of technical NaOH for changes in mine acid quality (pH. Fe and Mn). The method carried out by active handling is by adding technical NaOH into mine acid water. The results showed that neutralization of acid mine drainage using technical NaOH 10% to pH 8. was able to reduce Fe by 18.60 - 25.42% and Mn by 31.95 - 39.27%. at a cost of Rp.327. - per meter cubic of water
Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Extract as Indicator of Acid-Base Titration
Authors: Wiyantoko Bayu , Astuti Astuti 
Published: March 2020

An anthocyanin color pigment result from butterfly pea flower maceration has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of time variation in the maceration of anthocyanin butterfly pea flower extract and the stability of butterfly pea flower extract as an indicator of acid-base titration. Color pigment levels were determined quantitatively with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The anthocyanin levels obtained during the duration of maceration 5 days in a row resulted from 4.3915%, 5.9869%, 7.3970%, 8.8995%, and 10.2864%. While the anthocyanin levels using a differential pH method were 14.2775 mg/L and 14.9455 mg/L with % RPD value was 4.57%. The results of the study stated that the indicators of the butterfly pea flower crown extract can be a substitute for the synthetic phenolphthalein indicator that has been used.
CHARACTERIZATION OF Cr / SiO2 / AL2O3 CATALYST FROM RICE HUSK USING IMPREGNATION METHOD
Authors: Susmanto Prahadu , Gusman Yandriani , Ridwan M Fajar , Tanara Endra Hakim 
Published: March 2020

Rice husk is one of biomass which has very high silica content (18-22%). It can be used as one of support material in the form of SiO2 / Al2O3 which if it is varied with metals, it will produce a catalyst. In this research, a Cr / SiO2 / Al2O3 catalyst was made by using wetness impregnation and dry impregnation methods to obtain the best amount of Cr metal. According to FTIR test results on SiO2 / Al2O3 material, it formed Si-OH bond (3250.2 cm-1), Al-OH (1620 cm-1), Si-O-Si (1410.6 cm-1), O-Al -O (767.8 cm-1). The results of SEM-EDX and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) test on variations in the concentration of 0.5 M precursor solution; 1 M; 1.5 M showed that A3 variant had the highest Cr content of 19.79% with a surface area of 68.939 m2 / gr, a pore volume of 0.06675 cc / gr and a pore radius of 19.36 Å. Based on isothermal desorption adsorption curve with nitrogen gas the A3 catalyst variant was classified into type IV with mesoporous structure based on International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Educating a New Entrepreneurial University Model in Islamic Azad Universities in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Authors: Okati Hamid , Pourkiani Masoud , Abbasi Farzaneh Beikzadeh , Rad Navid Fatehi 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to educate the entrepreneurial university model in the Islamic Azad universities, Sistan and Baluchestan province. The statistical population of the expert group of entrepreneurs included entrepreneurship faculty and top entrepreneurs, managers, experts, and faculty members at the Islamic Azad University of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, which the education will conduct taking them as role model. The sampling was done by stratified random sampling method, and 558 questionnaires were gathered. The questionnaires were prepared by the experts on the basis of approved indicators via the Delphi questionnaire after confirming a model for promoting the development level of the universities of the province. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the components of the entrepreneurial university and the Islamic Azad University in the presented model (p <0.05). It seems that for development of university entrepreneurship in the Islamic Azad universities in Sistan and Baluchestan, several institutional infrastructure reforms and institutional innovations need to be considered by all university members to promote entrepreneurial organizational culture.
A Class of Jump-Diffusion Stochastic Differential System Under Markovian Switching and Analytical Properties of Solutions
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Mi Zeyu , Chen Huida 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur article discusses a class of Jump-diffusion stochastic differential system under Markovian switching (JD-SDS-MS). This model is generated by introducing Poisson process and Markovian switching based on a normal stochastic differential equation. Our work dedicates to analytical properties of solutions to this model. First, we give some properties of the solution, including existence, uniqueness, non-negative and global nature. Next, boundedness of first moment of the solution to this model is considered. Third, properties about coefficients of JD-SDS-MS is proved by using a right continuous markov chain. Last, we study the convergence of Euler-Maruyama numerical solutions and apply it to pricing bonds.
Spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots in central Senegal, 2008-2012
Authors: DIENG Sokhna , Ba El Hadj , Cissé Badara , Sallah Kankoe , Guindo Abdoulaye , Ouedraogo Boukary , Piarroux Martine , Rebaudet Stanislas , Piarroux Renaud , Landier Jordi , Sokhna Cheikh , Gaudart Jean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In malaria endemic areas, identifying spatio-temporal hotspots is becoming an important element of innovative control strategies targeting transmission bottlenecks. The aim of this work was to describe the spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots in central Senegal and to identify the meteorological, environmental, and preventive factors that influence this variation.Methods: This study analysed the weekly incidence of malaria cases recorded from 2008 to 2012 in 575 villages of central Senegal (total population approximately 500,000) as part of a trial of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Data on weekly rainfall and annual vegetation types were obtained for each village through remote sensing. The time series of weekly malaria incidence for the entire study area was divided into periods of high and low transmission using change-point analysis. Malaria hotspots were detected during each transmission period with the SaTScan method. The effects of rainfall, vegetation type, and SMC intervention on the spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots were assessed using a General Additive Mixed Model.Results : The malaria incidence for the entire area varied between 0 and 115.34 cases/100,000 person weeks during the study period. During high transmission periods, the cumulative malaria incidence rate varied between 7.53 and 38.1 cases/100,000 person-weeks, and the number of hotspot villages varied between 62 and 147. During low transmission periods, the cumulative malaria incidence rate varied between 0.83 and 2.73 cases/100,000 person-weeks, and the number of hotspot villages varied between 10 and 43. Villages with SMC were less likely to be hotspots (OR=0.48, IC95%: 0.33-0.68). The association between rainfall and hotspot status was non-linear and depended on both vegetation type and amount of rainfall. The association between village location in the study area and hotspot status was also shown.Conclusion : In our study, malaria hotspots varied over space and time according to a combination of meteorological, environmental, and preventive factors. By taking into consideration the environmental and meteorological characteristics common to all hotspots, monitoring of these factors could lead targeted public health interventions at the local level. Moreover, spatial hotspots and foci of malaria persisting during LTPs need to be further addressed.Trial registrationThe data used in this work were obtained from a clinical trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under # NCT 00712374.
Puccinia triticina pathotypes THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on wheat cultivar Thatcher
Authors: Wei jie , Cui Liping , Zhang na , Du dongdong , Meng qingfang , Yan hongfei , Yang wenxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanism of Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) and the inconstant toxic region is critical for managing the disease. The present study aimed to analyze the pathogenic divergence between Pt isolates.
Results: Total RNA was extracted from the wheat cultivar Thatcher infected by two Pt isolates, Tc361_1 (THTT) and Tc284_2 (THTS), at 144 hours post inoculation (hpi). The mRNA was then sequenced, and a total of 2,784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Forty-five genes were specifically expressed in THTT; these genes included transcription initiation factors and genes with transmembrane transporter activity and other genes. Twenty-six genes were specifically expressed in THTS, including genes with GTPase activity, ABC transporters and other genes. Fifty-four differentially expressed candidate effectors were screened from the two isolates. Two candidate effectors were chosen and validated on tobacco, and the results showed that they could inhibit necrosis induced by BAX. qRT-PCR of 12 significant DEGs was carried out to validate that the results are similar to those of RNA-seq at 144 hpi, to show the expression levels of these DEGs in the early stage and to elucidate the differences in expression between the two Pt pathotypes.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that although the two pathotypes of THTT and THTS contribute similar virulence to wheat, there are a large number of genes participate in the interaction with the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher, and revealed the pathogenicity of rust is very complicated.
A partial mediation effect of father-child attachment and self-esteem between parental marital conflict and subsequent features of internet gaming disorder in children: a 12-month follow-up study
Authors: Jeong Hyunsuk , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Seung-Yup , Lee Hae Koo , Potenza Marc N , Jo Sun-jin , Son Hye Jung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesThis study evaluated whether parent-child attachment and self-esteem may mediate the relationship between parental marital conflict and increases in features of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in children at one year.MethodThe baseline and one-year follow-up data for 268 pre-teens aged between 9 and 10 from the iCURE study were collected. The students were children at low risk for IGD in the initial self-reported assessment, anyone living with both parents, current game user at baseline, and those who completed a 12-month follow-up assessment. The Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS) was used to identify increases in IGD features at 12 months. To examine a potential mediation effect, structural equation modeling was performed.ResultsThe direct effect was statistically significant, and parental marital conflict at baseline significantly predicted the increases in IGD features in children at the 12-month follow-up after adjusting for gender, sex, socioeconomic status, and baseline IGUESS score (ß=0.206, P=0.003). The indirect effect showed that attachment to fathers through self-esteem was a significant mediating effect (ß=0.078, P=0.045). Parental marital conflicts were associated with increases in IGD features in children through poor father-child attachment, and in turn, the lower levels of self-esteem in the children.ConclusionParents, especially fathers, should make an effort to bond with their children to reduce the risk of their children’s developing the IGD features.