bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repackaging Fatherhood: Father Engagement and Cooperative Coparenting in Mid‐Pregnancy Marriages and Cohabitations
Authors: Su Jessica Houston , Dwyer Emory Allison 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how the timing and structure of parents' relationships are related to father engagement and cooperative coparenting in the United States.BackgroundResponses to nonmarital pregnancies have shifted; mid‐pregnancy (“shotgun”) marriages have declined while mid‐pregnancy cohabitations have significantly increased. These less institutionalized family forms may create ambiguity about fathers' roles as parents and partners.MethodDrawing on data from the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study (n = 2,752), we estimated conditional associations between a five‐category measure of parents' relationship structure and timing at the focal child's birth—(a) mid‐pregnancy cohabitation, (b) mid‐pregnancy marriage, (c) pre‐pregnancy cohabitation, (d) pre‐pregnancy marriage, and (e) nonresident couples—with measures of father engagement and cooperative coparenting when the child was 1 year old. Supplemental analyses evaluated these outcomes at Ages 3 and 5.ResultsAt Age 1, fathers in mid‐pregnancy cohabitations reported less cooperative coparenting with the child's mother compared to fathers in pre‐pregnancy cohabitations. In contrast, fathers in mid‐pregnancy marriages were more engaged with their children than fathers in pre‐pregnancy marriages.ConclusionFathers were particularly engaged with young children following mid‐pregnancy relationship transitions but were less cooperative coparents with the child's mother. This study joins research suggesting that fathers with low socioeconomic status may be embracing a new “package deal” in which the father–child relationship is central, and the father–mother relationship is secondary.
Dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improved carcass characteristics, meat quality and muscle fibre traits in growing–finishing gilts
Authors: Zhu Zhengpeng , Gu Changsong , Hu Shengdi , Li Bin , Zeng Xiangfang , Yin Jingdong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat and muscle fibre traits of growing–finishing gilts. 300 female PIC pigs were randomly divided (30.10 ± 2.94 kg) into 2 treatments with 6 replicates of 25 each for a 100‐day trial. Two dietary treatments were comprised of a control diet and a control diet fortified with 450 mg/kg GAA. Growth performance was evaluated for each phase. Carcass characteristics and meat quality were determined at last phase. Gilts had free access to feed and water during the experiment. The result indicated that GAA did not affect growth performance (p > 0.05). GAA not only increased longissimus dorsi (LM) muscle weight but also decreased its shear force, b*value and drip loss (p < 0.05). Mandibular fat index was decreased by GAA (p < 0.05). GAA upregulated myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I mRNA expression with lower myofibre cross‐sectional area and fibre diameter in LM muscle (p < .05). In conclusion, GAA can improve carcass characteristics and meat quality by changing muscle fibre characteristics and reducing mandibular fat index in finishing gilts.
Effects of sleep modulation during pregnancy in the mother and offspring: Evidences from preclinical research
Authors: Pires Gabriel Natan , Benedetto Luciana , Cortese Rene , Gozal David , Gulia Kamalesh K. , Kumar Velayudhan Mohan , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica Levy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisturbed sleep during gestation may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Animal research plays an important role in providing insights into this research field by enabling ethical and methodological requirements that are not possible in humans. Here, we present an overview and discuss the main research findings related to the effects of prenatal sleep deprivation in animal models. Using systematic review approaches, we retrieved 42 articles dealing with some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent research topics in this context were maternal sleep deprivation, maternal behaviour, offspring behaviour, development of sleep–wake cycles in the offspring, hippocampal neurodevelopment, pregnancy viability, renal physiology, hypertension and metabolism. This overview indicates that the number of basic studies in this field is growing, and provides biological plausibility to suggest that sleep disturbances might be detrimental to both mother and offspring by promoting increased risk at the behavioural, hormonal, electrophysiological, metabolic and epigenetic levels. More studies on the effects of maternal sleep deprivation are needed, in light of their major translational perspective.
Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
Authors: Gianella Paola , Roncone Silvia , Ala Ugo , Bottero Enrico , Cagnasso Federica , Cagnotti Giulia , Bellino Claudio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (CILPR) is a common inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology affecting the nasal cavity of dogs. The diagnosis is made by exclusion of other causes of nasal disease and specific therapeutic protocols are lacking. In human medicine, a relationship between CILPR and gastrointestinal clinical signs has been postulated, and remission of respiratory signs after clinical trials with medications for gastrointestinal disorders has been observed.ObjectivesTo describe history, clinical presentation, endoscopic and histopathologic concurrent respiratory and digestive tract abnormalities, and to evaluate improvement of respiratory signs after treatment for gastrointestinal signs.AnimalsTwenty‐five dogs with CILPR.MethodsProspective study. For inclusion, following information had to be available: respiratory and digestive clinical signs, airway and digestive tract endoscopic abnormalities, histologic evaluation of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens, and clinical response to different treatment strategies.ResultsTwenty‐two dogs had endoscopic gastrointestinal lesions, whereas 13 dogs had concurrent gastrointestinal signs. Most esophageal and duodenal endoscopic abnormalities were classified as moderate or severe. Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract histologic evaluation identified mostly chronic inflammation. Remission or marked improvement of respiratory signs was observed in the majority of dogs treated only for gastrointestinal signs up to 12 months after endoscopy. No significant associations between treatments and follow‐up information were found.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceNasal and upper digestive tract abnormalities coexist in some dogs with CILPR. Lack of standardized therapeutic protocols suggests caution when interpreting improvement in nasal clinical signs. Additional studies are needed to explore the possibility of a cause‐effect relationship between the 2 processes.
Review of current state of knowledge of microcystin and its impacts on fish in Lake Victoria
Authors: Onyango David M. , Orina Paul S. , Ramkat Rose C. , Kowenje Chrispine , Githukia Cecilia M. , Lusweti Dorcas , Lung'ayia Henry B. O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrocystins are part of algal toxins produced intracellularly within algal cells, being in the family of hepatotoxic cyclic peptides from various species of blue‐green algae. Blue‐green algae are widely abundant in many equatorial eutrophic lakes, including Lake Victoria, with microcystin mainly from cyanobacterial blooms released into the water column, with different effects along the aquatic ecosystem trophic levels. Depending on the length of exposure and exposure route, microcystin effects on fish can include embryonic hatching perturbations, reduced survival and growth rates, changes in behavior, osmoregulation, increased liver activities and heart rates, as well as histopathological effects. While bioaccumulation is confirmed among fish, biomagnification along food webs is debatable. Lake Victoria the second largest freshwater lake in the world, and the source of livelihoods to millions reported near the gulf and shore MCs of 190 ± 51 to 543 ± 26 ng MC/g DW, respectively. Little is known, however, on the effects of microcystin on the Lake Victoria fishery and, ultimately, on the human population against the WHO recommended human microcystin intake levels of 0.04 µg/kg, thereby being the basis for this review.
The critically ill brain after cardiac arrest
Authors: Medicherla Chaitanya B. , Lewis Ariane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiac arrest can cause hypoxic–anoxic ischemic brain injury due to signaling cascades that lead to damaged cell membranes and vital cellular organelles, resulting in cell death in the setting of low or no oxygen. Some brain areas are more prone to damage than others, so patients with hypoxic–anoxic ischemic brain injury present with several outcomes, including reduced level of consciousness or alertness, memory deficits, uncoordinated movements, and seizures. Some patients may have mild deficits, while others may have such severe injury that it can progress to brain death. High‐quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a proven technique to improve outcome after cardiac arrest, although morbidity and mortality remain high. Induced hypothermia, which involves artificially cooling the body immediately after cardiac arrest, may reduce injury to the brain and improve morbidity and mortality. Neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest is challenging and requires a multimodal approach involving clinical neurologic examinations, brain imaging, electrical studies to assess brain activity, and biomarkers to predict outcome.
Association between access to full‐service restaurants and childhood obesity
Authors: Jia Peng , Yang Hongxi , Cao Xinxi , Yuan Changzheng , Xiao Qian , Yang Shujuan , Wang Yaogang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe lack of access to full‐service restaurants (FSRs) is generally thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity, as it could discourage healthful eating‐out behaviours while increasing the exposure to unhealthful food venues as “compensatory” options. However, the association between FSR access and childhood obesity has not been comprehensively reviewed previously. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019 that examined the association between FSR access and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes among children and adolescents. Eighteen studies conducted in three countries were identified, published from 2006 to 2018 with a median sample size of 2352 (ranging from 323 to 529 367). Findings were mixed among these 18 studies that reported on the association between access to FSRs and weight‐related outcomes. Our meta‐analyses showed that there were no significant associations of FSR access with the level of body mass index (BMI) and the BMI z‐score among children. Also, there was no apparent evidence on the association between FSR access and the risk of overweight/obesity. Our results need to be interpreted with caution, considering the menu quality of FSRs and heterogeneity of eligible studies in this meta‐analysis. Well‐designed epidemiologic studies are warranted to further elaborate on the potential association between FSR access and children's weight status.
The characteristics of palate and upper dental arch can be an anatomical marker for men with schizophrenia? Case‐control study
Authors: Mobile Rafael Zancan , Roussenq Ana Clelia , de Araujo Melissa Rodrigues , Sbalqueiro Ricardo , Maciel José Vinícius Bolognesi , de Lima Antonio Adilson Soares 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to compare individuals with and without schizophrenia through the characteristics of the palate, such as width, length, depth, palate shape, and upper dental arch shape.Methods and resultsThe sample was divided into one case group (n = 45) and two control groups (n = 90; 45 individuals each group). Groups were paired by variables: sex, age, and malocclusion type. All analyses were performed on upper dental arch plaster models. All individuals were male and the mean age was 28.56 (SD: 7.82) years. The frequency of the malocclusion type observed was 54.1% (Class I), 22.2% (Class II), and 23.7% (Class III). Statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups for the variables palate shape (P = .004) and upper dental arch shape (P = .003). The case group had a higher frequency of the deep or grooved palate shape (57.8%) and parabolic dental arch shape (48.9%). There was no statistically significant difference for the palate width, length, and depth (P > .05).ConclusionsThere was an evidence that the deep or grooved palate shape and parabolic dental arch shape are morphological characteristics of the palate in men with schizophrenia.
Experimental Investigation of a Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe With Groove-Enhanced Minichannels
Authors: Rhodes Matthew J. , Thompson Scott M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The thermal and capillary performance of a groove-enhanced, or “microchannel-embedded,” flat-plate oscillating heat pipe (MC FP-OHP) was experimentally investigated while varying heating width, orientation, working fluid and operating temperature. The copper MC FP-OHP possessed two layers of 1.02 × 1.02 mm2 square channels, with the center 14 channels possessing two embedded microchannels (0.25 × 0.13 mm2) aligned coaxially with the primary minichannels. A FP-OHP without embedded microchannels, but with deeper minichannels (DC FP-OHP), was also tested for comparison. The FP-OHPs were filled with Novec 7200 or water (both at 80% ± 2% by volume), and the heating widths were varied between full-width and localized configurations: 38.71 cm2 and 14.52 cm2, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the MC FP-OHP is significantly less sensitive to operating orientation and can perform with less detriment as heat flux increases. The MC FP-OHP has a lower startup heating requirement and provides more fluid wetting along the FP-OHP structure—which is advantageous for pumping liquid from the evaporator to the condenser. The MC FP-OHP has enhanced convective heat transfer during operation, as it was observed to have similar or lower thermal resistances to that of the DC FP-OHP for a wide range of operating conditions. The groove-enhanced minichannel within the MC FP-OHP also provides for enhanced heat transfer because there being more thin-film evaporation sites and vapor–liquid mixing between the minichannel and microchannels.
Factors influencing diagnosis and treatment initiation for multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in six sub-Saharan African countries: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Oga-Omenka Charity , Tseja-Akinrin Azhee , Sen Paulami , Mac-Seing Muriel , Agbaje Aderonke , Menzies Dick , Zarowsky Christina 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDrug-resistant tuberculosis burdens fragile health systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), complicated by high prevalence of HIV. Several African countries reported large gaps between estimated incidence and diagnosed or treated cases. Our review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators influencing diagnosis and treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in SSA, which is necessary to develop effective strategies to find the missing incident cases and improve quality of care.MethodsUsing an integrative design, we reviewed and narratively synthesised qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies from nine electronic databases: Medline, Global Health, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, PubMed and Google Scholar (January 2006 to June 2019).ResultsOf 3181 original studies identified, 55 full texts were screened, and 29 retained. The studies included were from 6 countries, mostly South Africa. Barriers and facilitators to DR-TB care were identified at the health system and patient levels. Predominant health system barriers were laboratory operational issues, provider knowledge and attitudes and information management. Facilitators included GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) diagnosis and decentralisation of services. At the patient level, predominant barriers were patients being lost to follow-up or dying due to lengthy diagnostic and treatment delays, negative public sector care perceptions, family, work or school commitments and using private sector care. Some patient-level facilitators were HIV positivity and having more symptoms.ConclusionCase detection and treatment for DR -TB in SSA currently relies on individual patients presenting voluntarily to the hospital for care. Specific interventions targeting identified barriers may improve rates and timeliness of detection and treatment.
Adoption of enterprise architecture for healthcare in AeHIN member countries
Authors: Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Guo Guan N , Batongbacal Sean , Marcelo Alvin , Liaw Siaw-Teng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundHealthcare organisations are undergoing a major transformational shift in the use of information and digital health technologies. Enterprise architecture (EA) has been incrementally adopted in many healthcare organisations globally to facilitate this change. EA can increase the effectiveness of an organisation’s digital health capabilities and resources. However, little is known about the status of EA adoption in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the challenges, goals and benefits associated with adoption of EA for healthcare in the Asia eHealth Information Network (AeHIN) member countries .MethodsWe developed an EA Adoption Evaluation framework with four principal layers: governance, strategy, EA and performance. The framework guided the development of a questionnaire to investigate the goals, challenges and benefits faced before and during EA adoption by healthcare organisations.Sample26 participants from 18 healthcare organisations in the Asia-Pacific region representing 11 countries. Organisations included Ministries of Health, Universities, Non-Governmental Organisations and Technical Advisory Groups.FindingsOnly 5 of the 18 organisations had begun adopting EA. The goals expressed for EA adoption were to address issues such as interoperability, lack of technical infrastructure and poor alignment of business and information technology strategies. Cost reduction was less emphasised. The main challenges to adopting EA was the lack of EA knowledge, leadership and involvement of senior management.ConclusionThe adoption of EA is incipient in AeHIN member healthcare organisations. To encourage EA adoption, these organisations need to invest in internal capacity building, senior management training and seek independent EA expert advice to systematically identify and address the barriers to adopting EA.
Scoping review protocol on maternal, newborn and child health research in Ethiopia
Authors: Chan Grace J , Getnet Misrak , Olowojesiku Ronke , Min-Swe Thein , Hunegnaw Bezawit , Bekele Delayehu 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere has been a tremendous reduction in maternal and child mortality in the last decade. However, a significant number of deaths still occur disproportionately in low-income country settings. Ethiopia is the second-most populous nation in sub-Saharan Africa with a high maternal mortality rate of 412 deaths per 100 000 live births and an under-five mortality rate of 55 per 1000 live births. This study presents a scoping review protocol to describe the current knowledge of maternal and child health in Ethiopia to identify gaps for prioritisation of future maternal, newborn and child health research.Methods and analysesA search strategy will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the WHO African Index Medicus. Researchers will independently screen title and abstracts followed by full texts for inclusion. Study characteristics, research topics, exposures and outcomes will be abstracted from articles meeting inclusion criteria using standardised forms. Descriptive analysis of abstracted data will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationData will be abstracted from published manuscripts and no additional ethical approval is required. The results of the review will be shared with maternal and child health experts in Ethiopia through stakeholder meetings to prioritise research questions. Findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication, in addition to national-level and global-level disseminations.
Sex-specific association of serum uric acid dynamics with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in a health check-up Chinese population: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Ying , Fan Yongjun , Liu Qigui , Liu Kehua , Chen Fangfang , Tang Xiao , Li Guorong , Hu Dongmei , Song Guirong 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveMany studies have demonstrated that elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, whether there is a sex difference in the association between SUA and MetS has not been determined. This study aimed to accurately explore the impact of SUA longitudinal changes on MetS by sex.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThe Health Check-up Centre of the Second Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University from 2010 to 2016.ParticipantsA health check-up cohort of 577 men and 1698 women aged 20–60 years who did not exhibit MetS or hyperuricaemia at baseline and underwent at least two physical examinations from 2010 to 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWeight, height, blood pressure and blood biochemistry parameters, including SUA, were measured. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement criteria.MethodsBased on longitudinal data, a linear mixed-effects model was constructed to explore the characteristics of SUA dynamic changes in males and females, and joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data was done to analyse the association between SUA dynamic changes and MetS occurrence.ResultsThe natural logarithm of SUA (LNSUA) in females exhibited a gradually increasing trend, and its annual growth rate in females who developed MetS was greater than that of the non-MetS females. The longitudinal growth of SUA in females was a risk factor for the onset of MetS, and the estimated HR was 13.2580 (95% CI 1.9106 to 91.9957) for each 1-unit rise in LNSUA longitudinally. An association between the longitudinal growth of LNSUA and MetS was not found in males.ConclusionsThe longitudinal increase in SUA in females could increase the risk of MetS, even if the SUA changes within the normal range. The longitudinal increase in SUA in males was not a predictor for MetS.
Against the odds: unlikely COVID-19 recovery
Authors: Bisson Elspeth , Presswood Edward , Kenyon Jasmine , Shelton Fenella , Hall Toby 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWe present a 67-year-old male, with palliative hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, who contracted COVID-19 infection while in hospital. Cancer diagnosis, among other clinical features, increases the risk of poor outcome of COVID-19 infection. A recently validated risk calculator (COVID-GRAM) can help to guide prognosis.EventsCOVID-19 infection caused significant clinical deterioration in this patient. A Treatment Escalation Plan of ward-based care was put in place and the palliative care team involved. The goal of care was comfort.ResultsThe patient improved clinically and retested negative for COVID-19. He was discharged to a nursing home for ongoing supportive care of his malignancy.DiscussionThe validated COVID-GRAM calculator predicted a greater than 99% risk that this patient would require intensive therapy unit admission or die. This patient overcame significant physiological challenges to survive COVID-19, highlighting the challenges of prognostication and suggesting that palliation of COVID-19 is not detrimental to survival.