bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Permian tectonic evolution of the Last Chance thrust system: An example of induced subduction initiation along a plate boundary transform
Authors: Levy Drew A. , Zuza Andrew V. , Haproff Peter J. , Odlum Margaret L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe late Paleozoic is an important precursor stage in the development of the Mesozoic Cordilleran subduction system along the western margin of North America, but the tectonic history remains ambiguous due to complex overprinting deformation and magmatism. Determining the driving mechanism of large magnitude Permian shortening in southwest Laurentia is critical to understanding the late Paleozoic transition from transform margin to subduction zone. We investigated the driving mechanism of the Permian Last Chance thrust system in east-central California to understand this transition prior to the development of the Mesozoic Cordilleran arc. Here, we present the results of new geological mapping, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and a synthesis of regional tectonics to inform a kinematic model of the Last Chance thrust system and outline the Permian–Triassic tectonic evolution of the plate boundary during induced subduction initiation. The record of subduction initiation along an inferred late Paleozoic transform fault (the California-Coahuila transform) is preserved by (1) Permian arc magmatism, (2) the onset of volcaniclastic sedimentation, and (3) the development of a regional transpressional system in present-day east-central California. The evolution of this transpressional system and subduction zone is recorded by development of the Last Chance thrust system of the Death Valley region. Geological mapping in the Last Chance Range, northern Death Valley National Park, and the Inyo Mountains reveals the east-directed Last Chance thrust system was constructed by repetitive out-of-sequence deformation consistent with transpressional strain. The Last Chance thrust system accommodated a minimum of &gt;75 km (60%) shortening, based on cross-section restorations guided by regional stratigraphic relationships and restoration of subsequent Mesozoic deformation. Our revised model of Jurassic extensional exhumation of the Snow Lake terrane argues the Last chance thrust was not reactivated during the Mesozoic. Large-magnitude shortening along the California-Coahuila transform accommodated a significant component of the convergent plate motion as the Panthalassan crust was thrust below the continental margin before initial slab sinking. Numerical models show the forces resisting subduction are greatest before initial slab sinking takes place, and compression is transmitted in board from the plate boundary. We argue the Last Chance thrust system developed in response to this compression. Early-middle Permian plutons and late Permian detrital zircons in coeval basins suggest subduction was well established by the early Permian. Collectively, the preservation of a thrust system, early arc magmatism, and syntectonic sedimentary basins, which are features typically destroyed by subduction magmatism and deformation, allow for the evaluation of subduction initiation mechanisms based on field observations.
Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: van Meel Evelien R , Saharan Gautam , Jaddoe Vincent WV , de Jongste Johan C , Reiss Irwin KM , Tiemeier Henning , El Marroun Hanan , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAlthough maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown whether this association persists into later childhood.ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental psychological distress during pregnancy and lung function and asthma in children of school age.MethodsThis study of 4231 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental psychological distress was assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy, and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy. At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal overall psychological distress during pregnancy was associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (z-score difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.20 to –0.01) per 1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FVC (−0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.01) and −0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.02) when using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal psychological distress measures during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR: 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological distress during pregnancy and parental psychological distress after pregnancy did not materially change the associations. Paternal psychological distress during pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory morbidity.ConclusionMaternal, but not paternal, psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children. This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of later-life respiratory disease.
qPCR assay targeting Bradyrhizobium japonicum shows that row spacing and soybean density affects Bradyrhizobium population
Authors: Yudistira Harry , Geddes Barney A. , Geddes Charles M. , Gulden Robert H. , Oresnik Ivan J. 
Published: October 2020

The ability for a soybean plant to be efficiently nodulated when grown as a crop is dependent on the number of effective Bradyrhizobium japonicum that can be found in close proximity to the developing seedling shortly after planting. In Manitoba, the growing of soybean as a crop has increased from less than 500 000 acres in 2008 to over 2.3 million acres in 2017. Since the large increase in soybean production is relatively recent, populations of B. japonicum have not yet developed. In response to this, we developed a primer pair that can identify B. japonicum, and be used to determine the titre found in field soil. Their utility was demonstrated by being used to determine whether row spacing of soybean affects B. japonicum populations, as well as to follow B. japonicum populations in a soybean field over the course of a field season. The data show that plant density can affect B. japonicum populations. Moreover, evidence is presented that suggests plant development affects overall B. japonicum populations.
Similarities in Risk for COVID-19 and Cancer Disparities
Authors: Newman Lisa A. , Winn Robert A. , Carethers John M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that has spread worldwide. In the United States, COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, with an observed 2-fold higher rate for hospitalization and greater than 2-fold higher rate for death as compared with White Americans. The disparity seen with COVID-19 is consistent with patterns of disparities observed for cancer; it is well documented that 5-year survival rates for multiple cancers are lower in African Americans compared with White Americans. Root cause contributions for the disparity overlap between COVID-19 and cancer. While cancer is a genetic disease that is influenced by tissue microenvironment, COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is enabled by cellular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. However, socioeconomic disadvantages, level of education, lifestyle factors, health comorbidities, and limited access to medical care appear to fuel underlying risk for both cancer and COVID-19 disparities. In addition to African Americans demonstrating higher risk of acquiring and dying from either disease, they are underrepresented in clinical trials involving cancer or COVID-19. Long-term disparities are present with survivorship from cancer and may be likely with survivorship from COVID-19; both have revealed untoward effects on postdiagnosis economic viability for African Americans. Collaborative strategies that include community engagement, diverse participation in cancer and COVID-19 clinical trials, providing insurance for affected persons who lost employment due to either disease, and supporting safety-net and public hospitals for health care access will be critical to stem these disparities.
Development of Tumor-Targeting IRE-1 Inhibitors for B-cell Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shao Andong , Xu Qin , Spalek Walker T. , Cain Christopher F. , Kang Chang Won , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Del Valle Juan R. , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The IRE-1 kinase/RNase splices the mRNA of the XBP-1 gene, resulting in the spliced XBP-1 (XBP-1s) mRNA that encodes the functional XBP-1s transcription factor that is critically important for the growth and survival of B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM). Several inhibitors targeting the expression of XBP-1s have been reported; however, the cytotoxicity exerted by each inhibitor against cancer cells is highly variable. To design better therapeutic strategies for B-cell cancer, we systematically compared the ability of these compounds to inhibit the RNase activity of IRE-1 in vitro and to suppress the expression of XBP-1s in mouse and human MM cell lines. Tricyclic chromenone-based inhibitors B-I09 and D-F07, prodrugs harboring an aldehyde-masking group, emerged as the most reliable inhibitors for potent suppression of XBP-1s expression in MM cells. The cytotoxicity of B-I09 and D-F07 against MM as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma could be further enhanced by combination with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Because chemical modifications of the salicylaldehyde hydroxy group could be used to tune 1,3-dioxane prodrug stability, we installed reactive oxygen species-sensitive structural cage groups onto these inhibitors to achieve stimuli-responsive activities and improve tumor-targeting efficiency.
National Trends in Emergency Department Care Processes for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 2005 to 2015
Authors: Pendyal Akshay , Rothenberg Craig , Scofi Jean E. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Safdar Basmah , Dreyer Rachel P. , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Despite investments to improve quality of emergency care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), few studies have described national, real‐world trends in AMI care in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to describe trends in the epidemiology and quality of AMI care in US EDs over a recent 11‐year period, from 2005 to 2015.

Methods and Results
We conducted an observational study of ED visits for AMI using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative probability sample of US EDs. AMI visits were classified as ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI. Outcomes included annual incidence of AMI, median ED length of stay, ED disposition type, and ED administration of evidence‐based medications. Annual ED visits for AMI decreased from 1 493 145 in 2005 to 581 924 in 2015. Estimated yearly incidence of ED visits for STEMI decreased from 1 402 768 to 315 813. The proportion of STEMI sent for immediate, same‐hospital catheterization increased from 12% to 37%. Among patients with STEMI sent directly for catheterization, median ED length of stay decreased from 62 to 37 minutes. ED administration of antithrombotic and nonaspirin antiplatelet agents rose for STEMI (23%–31% and 10%–27%, respectively).

Conclusions
National, real‐world trends in the epidemiology of AMI in the ED parallel those of clinical registries, with decreases in AMI incidence and STEMI proportion. ED care processes for STEMI mirror evolving guidelines that favor high‐intensity antiplatelet therapy, early invasive strategies, and regionalization of care.
Acoustic variability among male gladiator frogs, Boana goiana (Lutz, 1968) (Anura: Hylidae): an 18-year analysis across several reproductive seasons
Authors: Andreani Tainã L. , Bastos Rogério P. , Dias Tailise M. , Prado Cynthia P.A. , Morais Alessandro R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Male anurans emit different call types in specific social contexts. Such calls represent a communication pathway for species recognition, mate choice, and male-male competition mediation. The acoustic parameters of these calls can be under directional and/or stabilizing selection due to female choice, which influences intra- and inter-individual call variation. Herein, we investigated the inter-year variation of the advertisement and aggressive calls of the gladiator frog Boana goiana, analysing a temporal series encompassing 18 years of sampling (1996-2014). We measured and analysed the following acoustic parameters: call duration, call repetition rate, number of pulses, pulse duration, pulse repetition rate, and dominant frequency. For both call types, the dominant frequency was classified as a static parameter (CVintra < 5%), while call duration was a dynamic parameter (CVintra > 12%). The advertisement call of B. goiana presents the attributes that could allow individual recognition in the chorus, and we suggest that the aggressive calls might also be important for the individual recognition process. Pulse duration of the advertisement and aggressive calls decreased over the years, as well as the repetition rate of the aggressive calls, which could be related to male body size decrease over the years probably related to habitat alteration. This study provides data on the variation of anuran acoustic features over the longest time span ever analysed. Such studies are less invasive and useful for conservation purposes, since they can detect changes in the reproductive behaviour of populations that might be under environmental modification pressure.
Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on adult Odonata (Insecta) in Amazon streams
Authors: Calvão Lenize Batista , de Paiva Carina Kaory Sasahara , da Silva Brito Joás , Fares Ana Luisa , Maia Calebe , Michelan Thaisa Sala , de Assis Montag Luciano Fogaça , Juen Leandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors play an essential role in the structuring of natural communities. Aquatic ecosystems have complex interaction networks, encompassing predator/prey relationships and structural support. Among aquatic organisms, the order Odonata is a model group for understanding those relationships since they can be both predators and prey. Our hypotheses were that Zygoptera are (i) influenced positively by Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) and the Habitat Integrity Index (HII), and negatively by fish and macrophytes; and (ii) Anisoptera are affected positively by EPT and macrophytes, and negatively by fish and HII. We found that Zygoptera were affected by the fish functional trophic groups, while Anisoptera were affected by macrophytes, EPT, fish and HII. Macrophytes affected anisopterans positively because they provide perching sites for adults. The results for EPT and HII may be related since these organisms are also sensitive to environmental changes. More open areas have lower HII values and the negative relationship with Anisoptera may be explained by physiological constraints. The negative relationship between EPT and Anisoptera could be explained by the low occurrence of EPT in open sites, which are the sites that were highly rich in Anisoptera. Finally, the dominance of specific functional trophic groups of fish influences Odonata suborders in different ways. In conclusion, the results show the importance of ecological interactions for Odonata in Amazonian streams in both direct and indirect ways.
Forestry control in the Brazilian Amazon I: wood and charcoal anatomy of three endangered species
Authors: Perdigão Celine Raphaela Vasconcelos , Júnior Marcelo Mendes Braga , Gonçalves Thaís Alves Pereira , Araujo Claudionisio de Souza , Mori Fábio Akira , Barbosa Ana Carolina Maioli Campos , de Souza Fernanda Ilkiu Borges , Motta Javan Pereira , Melo Luiz Eduardo de Lima 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Brazilian Amazon is vastly deforested by unsustainable practices. Several species of trees are threatened by extinction and their exact number is hard to quantify. Federal laws prohibit the harvest of endangered forest species. It is a vast challenge to control the illegal trade of wood and especially charcoal in Brazil. The goal of this work is to contribute to an identification database. It presents the anatomy of wood and charcoal ofBertholletia excelsa,Hevea brasiliensisandSwietenia macrophylla. Structural modifications due to carbonization were also studied. OneEucalyptussp. hybrid was analysed as a comparison with native species. Anatomical features were well preserved in charcoals. Quantitative modifications, such as mass loss, increase of vessel and ray density, and reduction of vessel diameter and ray height, were seen in all species. The native species were easily distinguished from eucalypt in both wood and charcoal, and this study will allow easily sorting these species in cases of illegal trading. Since Amazon conservancy is highly dependent on the knowledge of native species, our results contribute to avoid illegal charcoal trade.
Identification of wood species used in particleboard production
Authors: Sieburg-Rockel Jördis , Koch Gerald 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wood and wood products including particleboard imported into the European Union (EU) are subject to the EU Timber Trade Regulation (EUTR) since 2013. With regard to the correct and complete required declaration, many such products not produced in the EU are currently investigated independently. The particles processed for the manufacture of particleboard are significantly smaller than solid wood samples. Thus, the preparation for anatomical analysis is more complex, as is their identification. The composition of the taxa identified allows a distinction between certain assortments according to the origin of the processed wood: temperate Europe; plantation-grown (worldwide); tropical and subtropical Asia; temperate Asia; tropical Africa. Important information for the evaluation of EUTR-subjected timbers in particleboard is provided.
Kräusel’s eight genera for fossil softwoods: types, nomenclature, and taxonomy
Authors: Philippe M. , Wilde V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Seventy years after its publication Kräusel’s review of fossil conifer woods is still among the most quoted references in this field. Several of his earlier contributions are foundational works, but they have largely been overlooked, which has led to some misinterpretations. We reviewed the taxonomy and nomenclature of the eight genera Kräusel described for fossil conifer wood. Two of them should not be used. The genus Protophyllocladoxylon is neotypified. Several synonymies are proposed and the way Kräusel used generic names is briefly discussed.
Role of the Cold Okhotsk Sea on the Climate of the North Pacific Subtropical High and Baiu Precipitation
Authors: Kawasaki Kenta , Tachibana Yoshihiro , Nakamura Tetsu , Yamazaki Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSummertime temperatures in marginal seas are, in general, colder than on the surrounding continent because of the large contrast in heat capacity between the land and the ocean. The Okhotsk Sea, which is covered by sea ice until early summer, is much colder than the surrounding continent in summer. The Okhotsk Sea is thus located in an area with one of the largest temperature contrasts of all the marginal seas in summertime midlatitudes. Cooled air over the Okhotsk Sea may have an impact on remote summer climates, such as by serving as the source of cold-air advection that results in a poor crop harvest in Japan. Here, we examine the role of the Okhotsk Sea on the early summer climate of the western part of the North Pacific through an ideal numerical experiment by artificially changing the model’s default oceanic condition in the Okhotsk Sea to a condition of land cover. Simulation results reveal that the presence of the Okhotsk Sea increases precipitation of the baiu/mei-yu front through strengthening of the northward moisture flux at the western edge of an intensified North Pacific subtropical high. The Okhotsk influence farther extends toward western North America to which the strengthened jet stream with a storm track extends. This remote influence is achievable through feedback from a transient eddy anomaly that is activated by the surface temperature gradient between the cold Okhotsk Sea and the warm Pacific Ocean. The findings imply that the existence of the Okhotsk Sea strengthens the East Asian summer monsoons.
Synoptic-to-Regional-Scale Analysis of Rainfall in the Atacama Desert (18°–26°S) Using a Long-Term Simulation with WRF
Authors: Reyers Mark , Boehm Christoph , Knarr Leon , Shao Yaping , Crewell Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, reanalysis data and a long-term simulation with the regional climate model WRF (1982–2017; 10 km resolution) is used to analyze synoptic and regional processes associated with rainfall events in the Atacama Desert. Five composites, each with 10 WRF-simulated rainfall events, are studied. They are selected based on a clustering and comprise the top winter events in South Atacama (23°–26°S), Southeast Atacama, and North Atacama (18°–23°S), and the top summer events in North Atacama and Northeast Atacama. Winter rainfall events in South Atacama are mostly associated with strong low pressure systems over the southeast Pacific and atmospheric rivers at their foreside, while cutoff lows occurring anomalously far north facilitate strong rainfall in North Atacama. Accordingly, tropical continental areas and the remote tropical and subtropical Pacific are identified as primary moisture sources, and moisture transport toward the Atacama Desert mainly takes place in the free troposphere (above 800 hPa). Strong summer rainfall events in North Atacama and Northeast Atacama are associated with a southward displaced Bolivian high. During rainfall events in North Atacama the high is shifted westward when compared to the Northeast Atacama events. Consequently, northern Chile is located at the northern periphery of the Bolivian high and the resulting strong easterlies may push strong convective systems from the Altiplano, toward the Atacama coast. Detailed analyses of individual rainfall events reveal that the most important synoptic patterns associated with rainfall not only control the synoptic-scale moisture transport into the Atacama Desert, but also decisively influence the regional atmospheric circulation.