bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Evolution of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources M82 X-1 and X-2
Authors: Brightman Murray , Walton Dominic J. , Xu Yanjun , Earnshaw Hannah P. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Barret Didier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
M82 hosts two well-known ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). X-1, an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate, and X-2, an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar. Here, we present a broadband X-ray spectral analysis of both sources based on 10 simultaneous observations made with Chandra and NuSTAR. Chandra provides the high spatial resolution to resolve the crowded field in the 0.5–8 keV band, and NuSTAR provides the sensitive hard X-ray spectral data, extending the bandpass of our study above 10 keV. These observations, taken in 2015–2016, cover a period of flaring from X-1, allowing us to study the spectral evolution of this source with luminosity. During four of these observations, X-2 was found to be at a low flux level, allowing an unambiguous view of the emission from X-1. We find that the broadband X-ray emission from X-1 is consistent with that seen in other ULXs observed in detail with NuSTAR, with a spectrum that includes a broadened disk-like component and a high-energy tail. We find that the luminosity of the disk scales with inner disk temperature as L ∝ T
−3/2, contrary to expectations of a standard accretion disk and previous results. These findings rule out a thermal state for sub-Eddington accretion, and therefore do not support M82 X-1 as an IMBH candidate. We also find evidence that the neutral column density of the material in the line of sight increases with

, perhaps due to an increased mass outflow with accretion rate. For X-2, we do not find any significant spectral evolution, but we find the spectral parameters of the phase-averaged broadband emission are consistent with the pulsed emission at the highest X-ray luminosities.
Evolution of the Deterministic Collapse Barrier of the Field Clusters as a Probe of Cosmology
Authors: Ryu Suho , Lee Jounghun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The collapse barrier, δ

c
, of the field clusters located in the low-density environment is deterministic rather than diffusive, unlike that of the wall counterparts located in the superclusters. Analyzing the data from the Mira-Titan simulations for 11 different cosmologies, including the standard ΛCDM cosmology at various redshifts, we investigate the evolution of the deterministic collapse barrier of the field clusters and explore its dependence on the background cosmology. Regardless of the background cosmology, the deterministic δ

c
exhibits a universal behavior of having a higher value than the Einstein–de Sitter spherical collapse barrier height of δ
sc = 1.686, at z = 0, but gradually converging down to δ
sc as the dominance of dark energy diminishes with the increment of z. A significant difference among different cosmologies, however, is found in its convergence rate, as well as in the critical redshift z

c
, at which δ

c
= δ
sc. Showing that the convergence rate and critical redshifts can distinguish even between the degenerate cosmologies, which yield almost identical linear growth factor and cluster mass functions, we suggest that the evolution of the deterministic collapse barrier of the field clusters should be a powerful complementary probe of cosmology.
Relative Scapular-Muscle Ratios During Maximal Isokinetic Shoulder-Girdle Strength Performance in Elite Field Hockey Players
Authors: Vanderstukken Fran , Borms Dorien , Berckmans Kelly , Spanhove Valentien , Cools Ann M. 
Published: January 2020

ContextThe shoulder joint and girdle are highly loaded during field hockey play. To optimize performance and to better substantiate preventive programs, it is important to gain insight into shoulder-girdle muscle function and balance in this athlete population.ObjectiveTo evaluate relative scapular muscle-activity ratios through surface electromyography during maximal isokinetic strength testing in elite male field hockey players compared with nonathletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInstitutional laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty-five elite field hockey players from the Belgian National Team and 25 age- and sex-matched nonathletes.Intervention(s)We measured bilateral activity in 4 scapular muscles (upper trapezius [UT], middle trapezius [MT], lower trapezius [LT], and serratus anterior [SA]) during an external-internal rotation and protraction-retraction isokinetic shoulder protocol.Main Outcome Measure(s)Relative scapular muscle-activity ratios, or balance ratios, of the UT : MT, UT : LT, UT : SA, SA : MT, and SA : LT.ResultsWe noted lower ratios bilaterally in the athlete group compared with the control group for the UT : MT, UT : LT, and SA : MT ratios during protraction, retraction, and external rotation, respectively, and unilaterally (dominant side only) for the UT : LT ratio during protraction. No consistent trend was present for established side differences in the studied balance ratios.ConclusionsCompared with nonathletes, elite field hockey players had altered intramuscular (within the trapezius) and intermuscular (between the trapezius and SA) balance ratios during maximal shoulder-girdle contractions, with relatively more MT and LT activity. This may reflect a sport-specific adaptation to optimize coordinated activity of the scapulothoracic muscles, meeting the specific demands of field hockey movements and simultaneously better protecting the shoulder against injury. Our results can assist in optimizing high-performance training and in supporting injury-prevention programs, which are key to both successful and long-lasting athletic careers.
Ideal Uniform Polyhedra in and Covolumes of Higher Dimensional Modular Groups
Authors: Kellerhals Ruth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigher dimensional analogues of the modular group $\mathit{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$ are closely related to hyperbolic reflection groups and Coxeter polyhedra with big symmetry groups. In this context, we develop a theory and dissection properties of ideal hyperbolic $k$-rectified regular polyhedra, which is of independent interest. As an application, we can identify the covolumes of the quaternionic modular groups with certain explicit rational multiples of the Riemann zeta value $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}(3)$.
Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Murata Isao , Nagahama Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Saeki Kosuke , Kinase Takeshi , Takeda Masanori , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Dupuy Eric , Jones Nicholas B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O3, HNO3,
and HCl from solar spectra taken with a ground-based Fourier transform
infrared spectrometer (FTIR) installed at Syowa Station, Antarctica
(69.0∘ S, 39.6∘ E), from March to December 2007 and
September to November 2011. This was the first continuous measurement of
chlorine species throughout the ozone hole period from the ground in
Antarctica. We analyzed temporal variation of these species combined with
ClO, HCl, and HNO3 data taken with the Aura MLS (Microwave Limb
Sounder) satellite sensor and ClONO2 data taken with the Envisat MIPAS
(the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite
sensor at 18 and 22 km over Syowa Station. An HCl and ClONO2 decrease
occurred from the end of May at both 18 and 22 km, and eventually, in early winter, both HCl and ClONO2 were almost depleted. When the sun returned
to Antarctica in spring, enhancement of ClO and gradual O3 destruction
were observed. During the ClO-enhanced period, a negative correlation between
ClO and ClONO2 was observed in the time series of the data at Syowa
Station. This negative correlation was associated with the relative distance
between Syowa Station and the edge of the polar vortex. We used MIROC3.2
chemistry–climate model (CCM) results to investigate the behavior of whole
chlorine and related species inside the polar vortex and the boundary region
in more detail. From CCM model results, the rapid conversion of chlorine
reservoir species (HCl and ClONO2) into Cl2, gradual conversion of
Cl2 into Cl2O2, increase in HOCl in the winter period, increase in ClO when sunlight became available, and conversion of ClO into HCl were successfully reproduced. The HCl decrease in the winter polar vortex core
continued to occur due to both transport of ClONO2 from the subpolar
region to higher latitudes, providing a flux of ClONO2 from more sunlit
latitudes into the polar vortex, and the heterogeneous reaction of HCl with
HOCl. The temporal variation of chlorine species over Syowa Station was affected
by both heterogeneous chemistries related to polar stratospheric cloud (PSC)
occurrence inside the polar vortex and transport of a NOx-rich air mass
from the polar vortex boundary region, which can produce additional
ClONO2 by reaction of ClO with NO2. The deactivation pathways from
active chlorine into reservoir species (HCl and/or ClONO2) were
confirmed to be highly dependent on the availability of ambient O3. At
18 km, where most ozone was depleted, most ClO was converted to HCl. At 22 km
where some O3 was available, an additional increase in ClONO2 from
the prewinter value occurred, similar to the Arctic.
Trace element composition of size-fractionated suspended particulate matter samples from the Qatari Exclusive Economic Zone of the Arabian Gulf: the role of atmospheric dust
Authors: Yigiterhan Oguz , Al-Ansari Ebrahim Mohd , Nelson Alex , Abdel-Moati Mohamed Alaa , Turner Jesse , Alsaadi Hamood Abdulla , Paul Barbara , Al-Maslamani Ibrahim Abdullatif , Al-Ansi Al-Yafei Mehsin Abdulla , Murray James W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We analyzed net-tow samples of natural assemblages of
plankton, and associated particulate matter, from the Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) of Qatar in the Arabian Gulf. Size-fractionated suspended particles
were collected using net tows with mesh sizes of 50 and 200 µm to examine the composition of small- and large-size plankton
populations. Samples were collected in two different years (11 offshore
sites in October 2012 and 6 nearshore sites in April 2014) to examine
temporal and spatial variabilities. We calculated the excess metal
concentrations by correcting the bulk composition for inputs from
atmospheric dust using aluminum (Al) as a lithogenic tracer and the metal∕Al
ratios for average Qatari dust. Atmospheric dust in Qatar is depleted in Al
and enriched in calcium (Ca), in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3),
relative to the global average Upper Continental Crust (UCC). To evaluate the
fate of this carbonate fraction when dust particles enter seawater, we
leached a subset of dust samples using an acetic acid–hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (HAc–HyHCl) procedure that should solubilize CaCO3
minerals and associated elements. As expected, we found that Ca was removed
in Qatari dust; however, the concentrations (ppm) for most elements actually
increased after leaching because the reduction in sample mass resulting
from the removal of CaCO3 by the leach was more important than the loss
of metals solubilized by the leach. Because surface seawater is
supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 and acid-soluble Ca is abundant in
the particulate matter, we only used unleached dust for the lithogenic
correction. Statistical analysis showed that for many elements the excess
concentrations were indistinguishable from zero. This suggested that the
concentrations of these elements in net-tow plankton samples were mostly of
lithogenic (dust) origin. These elements include Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb,
and Li. For several other elements (Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and Ca) the excess
concentrations present after lithogenic correction are most likely of
biogenic/anthropogenic origin. The excess concentrations, relative to
average dust, for most elements (except Cd) decreased with distance from
the shore, which may be due to differences in biology, currents, proximity to
the coast, or interannual processes.
“That Flexible Flageolet”: Music, Homophobia, and Anti-Semitism in George Du Maurier's Trilby
Authors: Peak Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Freud argued in Totem and Taboo (1918) that where there is taboo there is also desire; we might reverse this idea slightly with regard to Trilby to say that where there is conflicted desire there is, and must also be, taboo, in order to contain and manage the troubling aspects of desire. That is, the novel is willing to portray with sympathy women dressed as men, men obsessed with feet, and groups of men living, wrestling, and sleeping together, only when (and because) anxiety regarding and fear of gender transgression is displaced onto the scapegoat figure of the effeminate Jew Svengali. Du Maurier's novel is undoubtedly progressive in many ways, but its progressivism is carried on the back of its anti-Semitism. Trilby can express transgressive desires only by simultaneously displacing anxiety regarding those desires and particularly anxiety about masculinity onto the figure of the foreigner and the Jew. This displacement suggests something, not only about the personal psychology of Du Maurier, but about the reasons his novel appealed to such a large audience, and even suggests a new way of thinking about why racism and anti-Semitism were on the increase at the fin de siècle.
Las tierras con vocación cafetalera y el Martinato 1933: génesis del municipio del Congo, departamento de Santa Ana
Authors: Martínez Marín Luis Alberto 
Published: January 2020

El trabajo está encaminado a develar cómo “la vocación cafetalera” de las tierras altas del departamento de Santa Ana, específicamente los municipios de Coatepeque, y parte de lo que hoy constituye el municipio de El Congo, 1933; que se escindió del primero, fue donde se extendió la frontera agrícola santaneca. Además, quiere mostrar parte de una política clientelar que forjó y mantuvo la era del General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (1931-1944), y coadyuvó al surgimiento del municipio de El Congo, en 1933.
Top-down and out?
Authors: Merz Anna 
Published: January 2020

Top-down and out? Reassessing the labelling approach in the light of corporate deviance
Multi-national corporations are increasingly facing attention and disapproval by different actors, including authorities, public and (non-) commercial organizations. Digital globalization and especially social media as a low-cost, highly interactive and multidirectional platform shape a unique context for this rising attention. In the literature, much attention has been devoted to top-down approaches and strategies that corporations use to avoid stigmatization and sanctioning of their behaviour. Reactions to corporate harm are, however, seldom researched from a labelling perspective. As a result, corporations are not considered as objects towards whom labelling is targeted but rather as actors who hamper such processes and who, as moral entrepreneurs, influence which behaviour is labelled deviant. Based on theoretical analysis of literature and case studies, this article will discuss how the process of labelling has changed in light of the digitalized, late-modern society and consequently, how the process should be revisited to be applicable for corporate deviance. Given a diversification of moral entrepreneurs and increasingly dependency of labelling and meaning-making on the online sphere, two new forms of labelling are introduced that specifically target institutions; that is bottom-up and horizontal labelling.
Researching elites at the margins of research ethics frameworks
Authors: Beizsley Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Researching elites at the margins of research ethics frameworks
For social scientists undertaking critical research on elites in organisational contexts securing access is a challenging exercise that may rely on the use of several access strategies over extended periods. This process is further complicated by the existence of research ethics frameworks that establish boundaries to access strategies, posing dilemmas on how to best balance access needs with a commitment to ethical practices. This article focuses on such dilemmas – or the ‘ethics of access’ – through a reflection on PhD fieldwork during 2016-2017 in Luxembourg spent researching the European Investment Bank. The paper will conclude by calling for an overhaul of existing frameworks in order to foster more research on elites.
Percepção dos profissionais de saúde quanto a gestão dos resíduos de serviço de saúde
Authors: Barros Paula Montenegro Gonçalves de Alencar , Melo Daniele Daniele de Castro Pessoa de , Lins Eduardo Antônio Maia , Silva Ronaldo Faustino da 
Published: January 2020

A gestão de resíduos de serviço de saúde (RSS) constitui um grande desafio para o poder público, apesar dos avanços nos aspectos legislativos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde, acerca da gestão de resíduos de serviço saúde, no Hospital Geral e Unidades Básicas de saúde em um município da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Para esta pesquisa foi realizada uma avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com referência: 01 hospital geral (enfermeiros e auxiliares de enfermagem), 05 unidades básicas de saúde (enfermeiros, auxiliares de enfermagem, dentistas e ASB auxiliares de saúde bucal), com atendimento médico, odontológico e enfermagem. Os resultados buscaram mostrar a percepção dos profissionais envolvidos no serviço público de saúde em relação a gestão dos resíduos ,nas etapas de segregação, acondicionamento, armazenamento, coleta e transporte e destinação final. Os resultados desenham o desafio nas instituições de saúde quanto a educação permanente, com abordagem sobre PGRSS, segurança no trabalho e meio ambiente. Em relação ao Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde (PGRSS),concluiu-se que 47% dos funcionários desconhece a existência do documento elaborado pelo munícipio, contudo, 35 % disseram existir um Plano de Gerenciamento, embora este não tenha sido apresentado durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. No âmbito geral, o profissional de saúde, do serviço público do município da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco: Hospital Geral e Unidades Básicas de Saúde têm conhecimento sobre gestão de resíduos de serviços de saúde de acordo com as exigências da RDC n° 222/2018 em torno de 54% do total.
Osteopathic Medical Care With and Without Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pain Registry–Based Study
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Gatchel Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Context
The OSTEOPATHIC Trial demonstrated substantial improvement in pain intensity, decreased need for rescue medication for pain, and greater likelihood of recovery in patients with chronic low back pain who received 6 osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) sessions over 3 months.

Objective
To assess osteopathic medical care and the effectiveness of OMT for chronic low back pain in a real-world setting without the constraints of a rigid research protocol.

Methods
An observational study of 445 adults with chronic low back pain who had an established osteopathic physician (ie, DO) or allopathic physician (ie, MD) was conducted within the PRECISION Pain Research Registry from April 2016 through February 2019. Primary outcome measures included a numerical rating scale for low back pain intensity, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for back-related functioning, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids for low back pain.

Results
A total of 79, 48, and 318 patients, respectively, were treated by DOs who used OMT, DOs who did not use OMT, or MDs. Patients treated by DOs who used OMT reported significantly lesser low back pain intensity (mean numerical rating score, 5.6; 95% CI, 5.1-6.1 vs 6.1; 95% CI, 5.9-6.3; P=.04) and back-related disability (mean Roland-Morris Disability score, 12.4; 95% CI, 11.1-13.8 vs 14.4; 95% CI, 13.7-15.0; P=.009) than patients treated by MDs. Patients treated by DOs who used OMT also reported less frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (multivariate odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.70; P=.001) or opioids (multivariate odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.98; P=.04). There were no significant differences in primary outcomes between DOs who did not use OMT and MDs.

Conclusion
This study of community-based patients in a pain research registry supports the effectiveness of OMT as an integral component of osteopathic medical care for chronic low back pain. Patients treated by DOs who did not use OMT did not experience better results than patients treated by MDs in any primary outcome measure. Further research is needed to more specifically compare the effects of OMT with other treatment effects that may be attributed to patient-DO interactions during medical encounters.
Evaluation of the Clarity and Completeness of Reporting in Orthopedic Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Fishbeck Keith , Checketts Jake X. , Cooper Craig M. , Scott Jared T. , Vassar Matt 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can positively affect the quality of patient care offered by physicians because they decrease variability in clinical practice and may help reduce unnecessary testing, promoting a more responsible use of resources. Building on existing framework for reporting guideline development, including the work of the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research Network, the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) Working Group created a 2016 checklist of 35 items considered essential for high-quality reporting of CPGs.

Objectives
To evaluate how many previously published CPGs in orthopedic surgery met the RIGHT criteria and assess how improvements can be made in future orthopedic CPGs based on any found deficiencies.

Methods
All 18 CPGs published before January 1, 2018, by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) are publicly available on orthoguidelines.org. Two authors downloaded each file and both of those authors independently scored each CPG using piloted abstraction RIGHT checklist forms.

Results
Of the 35 RIGHT criteria outlined in 22 checklist items, 23 (65.7%) were met across all AAOS guidelines, 6 (17.1%) were not met by any of the AAOS guidelines, and 6 (17.2%) were met by some of the AAOS guidelines.

Conclusion
Overall, the AAOS guidelines addressed many important recommendations within the RIGHT checklist. Assessing adherence to the RIGHT checklist can help ensure that future guidelines are more effectively communicated, hopefully assisting end users in efficient implementation and increasing the level of evidence-based patient care.
Nutraceutical Augmentation Strategies for Depression: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gregory Lande R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Context
Depression is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, but antidepressant pharmacotherapy often fails to achieve remission, leading health care professionals and researchers to consider various augmentation strategies to improve clinical outcomes.

Objective
To assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of nutraceutical augmentation for depression.

Methods
Nutraceutical-focused systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines identified the more commonly studied augmentation strategies for depression.

Results
S-adenosylmethionine, l-methylfolate, omega-3 fatty acids, and hydroxyvitamin D have sufficient scientific evidence to support their clinical consideration in the stepped care approach to the management of depression.

Conclusions
Clinical remission is the goal in the management of depression, and nutraceuticals may be part of an overall treatment approach to achieve that outcome.