bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterprise risk management in small and medium family enterprises: the role of family involvement and CEO tenure
Authors: Glowka Gundula , Kallmünzer Andreas , Zehrer Anita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTaking the right amount of risk is essential for successful business. As a response to the importance of risk management, the effectiveness and implementation of enterprise risk management (ERM) systems are recently discussed in literature. However, smaller firm entrepreneurs often deal with this challenge in practice in a more informal way. Most of these small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are family firms, where family dynamics further influence their risk behaviour. Addressing the missing implementation of ERM in Small and Medium Family Enterprises (SMFE), we first analyse how ERM influences the performance of SMFE. In a second step, we investigate the impact of CEO tenure and family involvement as moderators on the ERM – performance relationship. Regression analysis on a sample of 116 Austrian SMFE shows that ERM implementation does not directly influence financial performance. CEO tenure and family involvement, however, both show significant moderating effects on the ERM – performance relationship. Adding to current literature on the topic, this study reveals that ERM performance is positively moderated by CEO tenure and negatively by family involvement.
An investigation of blended learning to support reading instruction in elementary schools
Authors: Macaruso Paul , Wilkes Shani , Prescott Jen Elise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch is needed to address the possible benefits of blended learning as a form of reading instruction in elementary schools. Blended learning combines teacher-led instruction with digital technology. We had an opportunity to evaluate the effects of blended learning for students in kindergarten through fifth grade within a charter school network. Administrators in three schools chose to adopt a blended learning program during the 2016–2017 school year. There were 2217 students in the treatment schools. Treatment students were compared to 1504 students in three control schools where the standard form of instruction was maintained. Prior to implementation of blended learning, treatment students performed significantly below control students on a standardized reading test. At the end of the school year, treatment students showed greater gains on the reading test than control students and group differences disappeared. Further analyses revealed that reading gains were uniform across grades and ethnic categories. These outcomes point to the viability of using blended learning for reading instruction in elementary schools.
Research on early childhood mathematics teaching and learning
Authors: Björklund Camilla , van den Heuvel-Panhuizen Marja , Kullberg Angelika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reports an overview of contemporary research on early childhood mathematics teaching and learning presented at recent mathematics education research conferences and papers included in the special issue (2020–4) of ZDM Mathematics Education. The research covers the broad spectrum of educational research focusing on different content and methods in teaching and learning mathematics among the youngest children in the educational systems. Particular focus in this paper is directed to what lessons can be drawn from teaching interventions in early childhood, what facilitates children’s mathematical learning and development, and what mathematical key concepts can be observed in children. Together, these themes offer a coherent view of the complexity of researching mathematical teaching and learning in early childhood, but the research also brings this field forward by adding new knowledge that extends our understanding of aspects of mathematics education and research in this area, in the dynamic context of early childhood. This knowledge is important for future research and for the development of educational practices.
Obesity Increases Disease Activity of Norwegian Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis Survey
Authors: Bindesbøll Christian , Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Bakland Gunnstein , Dagfinrud Hanne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as the association between body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Norwegian axSpA patients from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) survey were included in this analysis. Sociodemographic, anthropomorphic, and disease-related variables (HLA-B27, comorbidities, BASDAI, and self-reported spinal stiffness) were reported. Patients were categorized into under/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2).

Results
Of the 509 participants in the EMAS survey, 35% were categorized as under/normal weight, 39% overweight, and 26% obese. Compared to under/normal-weight patients, overweight patients had significantly higher degree of spinal stiffness (mean (SD) 7.91 ± 2.02 vs 7.48 (2.15) and number of comorbidities (2.45 ± 2.11, vs 1.94), both p < 0.001. Obese patients had significantly higher disease activity (BASDAI mean (SD) 5.87 ± 1.78 vs 4.99 ± 2.08, p < 0.001), degree of spinal stiffness (8.18 ± 2.03 vs 7.48 ± 2.15, p = 0.006), and number of comorbidities (3.43 ± 2.43 vs 1.94. ± .38, p < 0.001) than under/normal weight patients. After adjusting for gender and age, obesity proved to be independently associated with disease activity.

Conclusion
Obesity was associated with higher reported BASDAI score, and being overweight or obese was associated with a higher degree of spinal stiffness and number of comorbidities compared to under/normal weight respondents. The results highlight the serious impact of obesity on health status, and obesity should therefore be considered as a modifiable risk factor for disease activity within the disease management of axSpA.
Future perspectives of fertility preservation in women
Authors: Böttcher Bettina , Winkler-Crepaz Katharina 
Published: June 2020

SummaryFertility preservation in women has become well established over the last two decades. Nevertheless, options for cancer survivors need to be improved to regain ovarian functioning, ideally leading to pregnancy and live birth. Techniques to protect the ovary from the damage of cytotoxic agents, to improve the survival of follicles in the ovarian graft, and to minimize the risk of re-seeding malignant cells after ovarian tissue transplantation are the object of current research all over the world. The demand for fertility preservation procedures in patients with benign diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus before cytotoxic therapy, in patients with endometriosis before surgery, and in patients with genetic predispositions which can lead to a premature ovarian failure will further increase in coming years. In this short review, these future perspectives are presented.
No evidence of systematic pre-emptive loggings after notifying landowners of their lands’ conservation potential
Authors: Nieminen Eini , Salovaara Kalle , Halme Panu , Kotiaho Janne Sakari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLandowners can intentionally impair biodiversity values occurring on their land to pre-empt biodiversity protection. This often leads to significant negative effects on biodiversity. We studied whether landowners in Finland engaged in pre-emptive loggings after they were notified that their wooded mires are candidate sites for a mire protection program. After the notification, harvesting rates of the candidate wooded mires were significantly lower compared to harvesting rates of similar but non-candidate wooded mires. Annual and monthly harvesting rates indicated that notifying landowners of the conservation potential did not launch systematic pre-emptive logging behavior. Nevertheless, part of the candidate wooded mires were logged, so some landowners place more weight on other values than the biodiversity ones. Pre-emptive behavior has been observed in other studies suggesting that many country- or system-specific factors such as cultural background or level of compensation can affect landowners’ behavior.
Free-Weight Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: McQuilliam Stephen J. , Clark David R. , Erskine Robert M. , Brownlee Thomas E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenerating high levels of muscular strength and power are important for success in sport and may have long-term implications for sporting careers in youth athletes. Importantly, maturation may confound the neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training when attempting to differentiate between training- vs. growth-induced strength and power gains; thus, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions regarding the efficacy of resistance training in youth athletes. The aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature concerning the efficacy of externally loaded free-weight resistance training on strength and power measures in youth athletes at different stages of maturity. Strength underpins power production; thus, developing strength through traditional resistance training methods can positively influence powerful sporting movements. In addition, weightlifting has the capacity to improve muscular power via explosive lower-body triple extension, which is essential for many sports. Despite the complexity of the techniques involved, it can be a safe and effective method to improve athletic qualities in young athletes, potentially more so than plyometric training. While low-load, high-velocity training can have a positive effect influence on high speed movements such as sprinting, the reduced intensity appears to be disadvantageous post peak-height velocity. Irrespective of age, well-coached progressive strength training adhering strictly to correct technique can then be periodised within a long-term athletic development program. It is important to primarily develop muscular strength, while concurrently refining the technical skill required for weightlifting. Physically mature athletes should undertake high-intensity resistance training to maximise neuromuscular adaptations, leading to positive changes in strength and power.
Das Publikum von Politikjournalisten als Interaktionspartner auf Twitter: Interaktionsstruktur, Motive und Erfahrungen anschreibender Nutzer
Authors: Nuernbergk Christian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAuf Twitter sind viele Journalisten mit persönlichen Accounts präsent und damit ein potenzieller Interaktionspartner für das Publikum. Untersuchungen aktiver Twitterer zeigen, dass auf der Netzwerkplattform politisch interessierte, persönlichkeitsstarke Nutzer interagieren, die sich vom Durchschnitt typischer Internetnutzer unterscheiden. Nachrichtenjournalisten berichten über negative Erfahrungen im direkten Publikumskontakt auf Twitter. Anders als bei Nutzerkommentaren auf Nachrichtenseiten sind öffentliche Anschriebe und Kontakte zu Journalisten auch unabhängig von einem Beitrag möglich. Zu diesem Phänomen existieren bislang jedoch kaum Studien. Über ein Tracking der Anschriebe wird daher erstens untersucht, wie häufig Politikjournalisten 2017 überhaupt in Tweets erwähnt wurden. Zweitens wurden die Nutzer befragt, die die Journalisten angeschrieben haben. Eine Nutzergruppe aus mehreren zehntausend Accounts nimmt Adressierungen vor. Die Erwähnungen verteilen sich unter den Journalisten ungleich. Die Nutzung von Blogs als alternative Informationsquelle und starke politische Orientierungen erklären das Vorkommen häufiger Interaktionen. Als Hauptmotivationen für Interaktionen zeigen sich das Bedürfnis nach eigener Meinungsäußerung und Kritik sowie das Weitergeben von neuen Informationen und Feedback an Journalisten. Sind diese Motivationen ausgeprägt, tendieren die Nutzer eher zu häufigen Interaktionen.
Effect of the water depth on the hydrogen content in SMAW wet welded joints
Authors: Klett Jan , Hecht-Linowitzki Vitali , Grünzel Oliver , Schmidt Emily , Maier Hans Jürgen , Hassel Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogen-induced cold cracking is a huge challenge in underwater wet welding. In the present study, the influence of water depth on the diffusible and residually stored hydrogen content is investigated for the case of underwater wet shielded metal arc welding. The welding is carried out in a simulated water depth of 5, 20, 40, and 60 m with four stick electrodes specifically developed for underwater wet welding. The influence of the welding current, the arc voltage and the electrode’s composition on the diffusible hydrogen content are considered. To obtain reproducible welding conditions, a fully automated multi-axis welding system is used inside a pressure chamber. The water depth is simulated by setting the internal pressure up to 6 bar, equivalent to 60 m water depth. A large amount of samples are analysed and statistical method are used to evaluate the results. The results show a significant reduction of the diffusible hydrogen and an increase of residual hydrogen in the joining zone with increasing water depth.
Dynamic wettability alteration for combined low salinity brine injection and surfactant flooding on silica surface
Authors: Nourani Meysam , Tichelkamp Thomas , Hosseinzade Khanamiri Hamid , Johansen Trine , Karlsen Hov Ingrid , Gaweł Bartlomiej , Torsæter Ole , Øye Gisle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExperimental results of dynamic contact angle measurements of low salinity brine and combined low salinity water and surfactant flooding (LSW–SF) on silica surface are presented in this study. Dynamic contact angle experiments were carried out for four crude oil samples with low salinity brines and combined low salinity and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solutions. Similar measurements with the same ion strength in presence of different cations, Na+ and Ca2+, for low salinity injections and combined low salinity–SDBS solutions were also carried out to study the change in dynamic contact angles and wetting behavior. The presences of different cations change the initial contact angles in low salinity solution injections and show different dynamic behaviors in presence of different crude oils. The signs and values of the line tension to oil/water interfacial tension ratios have been calculated from the size dependence of the dynamic contact angle measurements on the silica coated quartz crystal microbalance sensors. Analysis indicates positive line tension values for low salinity brine systems and negative values for LSW–SF systems. Injection of surfactant solutions in presence of electrolyte prompts the spreading of the oil droplet over the surface, which is induced by interfacial tension gradient from the top of the oil droplet toward the contact line. The results indicated that spreading time, which is the required time for oil drop to gradually flatten out, is dependent on type of electrolytes and is a function of surface excess concentration of the surfactant.
An environmental scan of wellness initiatives and programs at Canadian academic emergency medicine programs: How far have we come?
Authors: Lim Rodrick , Cameron Brittany , Gray Sara , Rang Louise , Van Aarsen Kristine 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe sought to conduct a major objective of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Wellness Committee, an environmental scan of the academic emergency medicine programs across the 17 Canadian medical schools.MethodsAn 89-question questionnaire was distributed to academic heads or wellness leads. The responses were verified by the lead author to ensure that the questions were answered completely and consistently.ResultsWhile formal wellness programs may exist in varying degrees across the 17 universities, most were found to exist only at local, divisional, or departmental levels. A broad variability of established leadership positions exists. Shift practices varied greatly. In day to day practice, availability for food and debriefing were high and childcare, sleep rooms, and follow-up following critical incidents were low. Sabbaticals existed in the majority of centers. Roughly 50% of departments have gender equity program and annual retreats. Centers report programs for the initiation of leaves (82%), onboarding (64%), and reorientation (94%). Support of health benefits (76%) and pensions (76%) depended on type of appointment and relationship to the university. Fiscal transparency was reported in 53% of programs.ConclusionWellness and burnout are critical issues for emergency medicine in Canada. This comprehensive review of wellness programs identifies areas of strength, but also allows identification of areas of improvement for future work. Individual centers can identify common options when developing or expanding their wellness programs.
Correlation of intraoperative donor duodenal-segment swab cultures with the subsequent occurrence of surgical site infections in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients
Authors: Alabdulla Mohammed , Alrehily Sanaa , Natori Yoichiro , Van Kelsey , Cattral Mark , Reichman Trevor , Rotstein Coleman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Pancreas transplantation is employed for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. It is postulated that surgical site infection (SSI), particularly organ-space infections, after pancreas transplantation may arise from microbial contamination arising from the donor duodenal segment. Therefore, some centers have adopted the practice of culturing the donor duodenal segment and subsequently administering antimicrobial therapy to the recipient directed at the microorganisms isolated to prevent SSI.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the correlation between positive donor duodenal-segment cultures and SSIs in the recipients. Data were recorded and analyzed to assess the correlation of the organisms isolated in the donor duodenal cultures with those producing SSI in the recipients.Results:We evaluated 379 consecutive pancreas transplant recipients from January 2000 to December 2015. Donor duodenal swab cultures were performed at the time of pancreas transplantation, and 206 (54.3%) were positive. SSIs occurred in 51 of the 206 recipients (24.8%) with positive duodenal-segment cultures and in 41 of 173 individuals (23.7%) with negative cultures (P = .81; r = 0.00). Notably, deep and organ-space SSIs were observed in 27 of 206 of the positive duodenal culture groups (13.1%) versus 29 of 173 of the negative duodenal culture groups (16.8%; P = 0.31; r = −0.059). No differences were detected in the pathogens producing SSIs between the group with a positive duodenal swab versus the group with a negative swab. Microorganisms producing SSIs matched those found in the positive donor duodenal cultures in only 15 patients (7.8%).Conclusion:Although positive cultures from the donor duodenal segment prompted the administration of antimicrobial therapy in the recipient directed against the pathogen isolated, this practice did not reduce SSIs compared with those transplant recipients with culture-negative duodenal swabs. In addition, the organisms isolated from the donor duodenal segment were not predictive of subsequent SSI.
Role of nitrogen and herbicides in integrated management of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) in cool-season forage grasses
Authors: Aulakh Jatinder S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) is becoming increasingly problematic in cool-season pastures and grasslands. A 3-yr field experiment evaluated different rates of nitrogen and herbicides for A. vulgaris management in a permanent grassland. The main plot had three nitrogen rates, 0, 62, and 124 kg N ha−1; the subplot had three herbicides, aminopyralid, clopyralid, and glyphosate; and the sub-subplot had three herbicide rates, aminopyralid (61, 122, and 244 g ae ha−1), clopyralid (140, 280, and 560 g ae ha−1), and glyphosate (552, 1,104, and 2,208 g ae ha−1). Results revealed that nitrogen had no effect on A. vulgaris control, rhizome biomass, and stem density. However, cool-season grass biomass was the highest (7,126 kg ha−1) in the plots that received 124 kg N ha−1 and 244 g ae ha−1 of aminopyralid. Only glyphosate caused grass injury, which varied from 65% to 100% depending upon application rate. By 9 mo after initial herbicide treatment (MAIT), A. vulgaris was controlled 60% to 98% with aminopyralid at ≥61 g ae ha−1 or glyphosate at ≥552 g ae ha−1. By 21 MAIT, aminopyralid at ≥122 g ae ha−1 or glyphosate at ≥1,104 g ae ha−1 resulted in >95% reduction in A. vulgaris stem density and rhizome biomass and provided ≥98% visual control. By 33 MAIT, complete control of A. vulgaris was confirmed in plots treated with aminopyralid at ≥122 g ae ha−1 or glyphosate at ≥1,104 g ae ha−1. Clopyralid was not effective; A. vulgaris control was <40% even after three annual applications at 560 g ae ha−1. Results indicate that integration of nitrogen fertilization with aminopyralid did not improve A. vulgaris control, but was advantageous in enhancing cool-season grass productivity.
Economic Inequality, Immigrants and Selective Solidarity: From Perceived Lack of Opportunity to In-group Favoritism
Authors: Magni Gabriele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow does economic inequality affect support for redistribution to native citizens and immigrants? While prior studies have examined the separate effects of inequality and immigration on redistribution preferences, the interaction between inequality and communal identity has been largely overlooked. This article explains that inequality triggers selective solidarity. Individuals exposed to inequality become more supportive of redistribution – but only if the redistribution benefits native-born citizens. Inequality therefore reinforces the already popular opinion that native citizens deserve welfare priority and widens the gap between support for natives and support for immigrants. This study first provides cross-national evidence with survey data linked to contextual socio-economic indicators from advanced industrialized countries. To evaluate causally identified effects, it then presents the results of a survey experiment administered to a nationally representative sample of Italian citizens. The findings imply that economic inequality can increase support for populist radical right parties that advocate discrimination in access to welfare services based on native citizenship.
Telegraphy, Typography, and the Alphabet: The Origins of Alphabet Revolutions in the Russo-Ottoman Space
Authors: Kuzuoglu Ulug 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the history of the alphabet revolutions in the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, beginning in the 1860s and culminating with the new Turkish alphabet and the Soviet latinization movement in the 1920s. Unlike earlier works that have treated these movements separately, this article traces the origins of the alphabet revolutions to the 19th-century communications revolution, when the telegraph and movable metal type challenged the existing modes of knowledge production and imposed new epistemologies of writing on the Muslims in the Russo-Ottoman space. This article examines the media technologies of the era and the cross-imperial debates surrounding various alphabet proposals that predated latinization and suggests that the history of language reform in the Russo-Ottoman world be reevaluated as a product of a modernizing information age that eventually changed the entire linguistic landscape of Eurasia.