bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization of Defective Tin Disulfide Nanosheets and Silver Nanowires Enables Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 into Formate and Syngas
Authors: He Rong , Yuan Xin , Shao Pengfei , Duan Tao , Zhu Wenkun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntegrating the defect engineering and conductivity promotion represents a promising way to improve the performance of CO2 electrochemical reduction. Herein, the hybridized composite of defective SnS2 nanosheets and Ag nanowires is developed as an efficient catalyst for the production of formate and syngas toward CO2 electrochemical reduction. The Schottky barrier in Ag‐SnS2 hybrid nanosheets is negligible due to the similar Fermi level of SnS2 nanosheets and Ag nanowires. Accordingly, the free electrons of Ag nanowires participate in the electronic transport of SnS2 nanosheets, and thus give rise to a 5.5‐fold larger carrier density of Ag‐SnS2 hybrid nanosheets than that of SnS2 nanosheets. In CO2 electrochemical reduction, the Ag‐SnS2 hybrid nanosheets display 38.8 mA cm−2 of geometrical current density at –1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, including 23.3 mA cm−2 for formate and 15.5 mA cm−2 for syngas with the CO/H2 ratio of 1:1. A mechanistic study reveals that the abundant defect sites and carrier density not only promote the conductivity of the electrocatalyst, but also increase the binding strength for CO2, which account for the efficient CO2 reduction.
Architecting exogenous software‐intensive systems‐of‐systems on the internet‐of‐vehicles with SosADL
Authors: Oquendo Flavio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe pervasiveness of the communication networks increasingly has made possible to interconnect software‐intensive systems that were independently developed, operated, managed, and evolved, yielding a new kind of complex system, that is, a system that is itself composed of systems, the so‐called System‐of‐Systems (SoS). Nowadays, the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) enables the engineering of software‐intensive SoS, which are opportunistically constructed for achieving specified missions in specific operational environments. In particular, in the subset of IoT where “things” are predominantly connected vehicles, the so‐called Internet‐of‐Vehicles (IoV), the challenge is to exogenously coordinate different vehicles for performing together, through emergent behavior, traffic‐related missions, especially platooning. In platooning, two or more vehicles are connected together in convoy using wireless connectivity and automated driving support. The corresponding challenge in the architectural design of SoSs on IoV is to conceive concepts and mechanisms for describing how an SoS architecture is able to create, on the fly, and maintain emergent behaviors from elementary connected vehicles, where the actual vehicles are not known at design time. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the principle of supervenience for describing architecture‐driven emergent behavior following an exogenous approach. In particular, it describes the concepts and mechanisms underlying SosADL, a formal SoS Architecture Description Language (ADL), based on the novel π‐Calculus for SoS, to support the architectural description of self‐organizing SoSs, upwardly causing the required SoS emergent behaviors at run time. Especially, it demonstrates how architectural mediators expressed with SosADL in exogenous SoS architectures support vehicle platooning through an excerpt of a real application on the IoV.
Effects of soil–structure cluster interactions on ground motions
Authors: Ge Qi , Xiong Feng , Chen Jiang , Yao Ziyu 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe effects of soil–structure cluster interaction (SSCI) on ground motion are presented through shaking table tests and parametric numerical simulation using the finite element method. The superstructure is simplified as a concrete column at a 1/20 scale, with a total mass of 60 kg installed on top of the structures. The Davidenkov foundation model is used to simulate soil nonlinearity. The results of the shaking table test are then compared with the results of the numerical simulation. It is found that the spectral amplification and fundamental resonance frequency are reduced because of the SSCI effects. Further, the structure amount, spacing, height, and distribution play a significant role in the SSCI effects on the ground motion. It is also inferred that having more structures, less spacing, and higher structures may result in a reduction in the acceleration response.
Very‐short‐term load forecasting based on empirical mode decomposition and deep neural network
Authors: Cheng Li‐Min , Bao Yu‐Qing , Tang Lai , Di Hui‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVery‐short‐term load forecasting (VSTLF) predicts the load from minutes to 1‐hour timescale. Effective forecasting is important for in‐day scheduling of the power systems. In this paper, a VSTLF method based on empirical mode decomposition and deep neural network is proposed. The extreme point span is used to determine a proper empirical modal number, so as to successfully decompose the load data into different timescales, based on which the deep‐neural‐network‐based forecasting model is established. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the testing results in this paper. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Children's Picturebooks to Facilitate Restorative Justice Discussion
Authors: Koltz Jessica , Kersten‐Parrish Sara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo positively influence students’ behavior and social relationships in the school and community settings, teachers can support students during early interventions and active conversations. Conversations held during class time that use picturebooks and restorative practice activities can be an appropriate way to support student learning and engagement. Lessons and activities can be implemented through any subject and integrated into classroom discussions to support students’ relationships, personal growth, well‐being, and behaviors. Incorporating discussions surrounding picturebooks with specific messages relating to social skills or situations in the classroom or community can support a restorative justice framework. The authors present ideas and activities relating to using picturebooks while upholding a restorative environment.
Removal of total dissolved solids from wastewater using a revolving algal biofilm reactor
Authors: Peng Juan , Kumar Kuldip , Gross Martin , Kunetz Thomas , Wen Zhiyou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTotal dissolved solids (TDS) comprising inorganic salts and organic matters are pollutants of concern to aquatic systems and water for human use. This work aimed to investigate the use of revolving algal biofilm (RAB) reactors as a sustainable and environmental friendly method to remove TDS from industrial effluents and municipal wastewaters. The wastewaters contained chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate as the major components. The RAB reactors fed with synthetic industrial effluent with high TDS level demonstrated the best algal growth, with the highest TDS removal efficiency (27%) and removal rate (2,783 mg/L‐day and 19,530 mg/m2‐day). A suspended algal culture system only removed 3% TDS from the same wastewater. The TDS removal by the RAB reactors was considered due to several mechanisms such as absorption by the algae cells, adsorption by extracellular polymeric substance of the biofilm, and/or precipitation. Collectively, this research shows that the RAB reactors can serve as an efficient system in wastewater remediation for TDS removal.Practitioner points

Total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater are pollutants of concern.

The RAB reactors can remove TDS from various types of wastewater.

The RAB reactors removed TDS by adsorbing ions elements such as Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and S.

The algal biomass absorbs ions through extracellular polymeric substance.
Agricultural Output: From Crop Specialization to Livestocking, 1900–2008
Authors: González de Molina Manuel , Soto Fernández David , Guzmán Casado Gloria , Infante-Amate Juan , Aguilera Fernández Eduardo , Vila Traver Jaime , García Ruiz Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter is focused in the assessment of the changes and performance of biophysical, land and livestock fund elements throughout the twentieth century to meet society’s biomass requirements. First section of the chapter provides a historiographic review of the main transformations in Spanish agriculture since 1900s. In the second section, we reveal the changes in land use since 1900 and we discuss whether Spain’s evolution followed the so-called forest transition and its associated theory of production intensification. The production of biomass of plant and animal origin and into categories of different uses and fates, including domestic extraction, is analyzed in the following sections. The last part of the chapter provides a holistic understanding of the biophysical implications of the sector’s industrialization. We found that over the last century, Spanish agriculture evolved towards increasing production commodification and significant changes in the patterns of biomass use. At national scale, production efforts were mainly focused on cultivated lands, thus perpetuating the process of “agricolization.” In addition, the spectacular livestock growth was mainly based on intensive landless farms, without any food ties to the land. At a farm scale, production specialization entailed a strong tendency to suppress crop and polyculture associations, the simplification of rotations, and their later suppression; the substantial reduction of fallows and the fostering of crop alternations were governed by market demands Agriculture shifted from crop and plant heterogeneity and their layout adjustments to monocultures, entailing significant reductions of genetic, structural, and functional diversity.
Environmental Impacts of Spanish Agriculture’s Industrialization
Authors: González de Molina Manuel , Soto Fernández David , Guzmán Casado Gloria , Infante-Amate Juan , Aguilera Fernández Eduardo , Vila Traver Jaime , García Ruiz Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter is focused in the environmental consequences of the industrialization of the Spain’s agriculture. The changes in the quantity and quality of energy and material flows described in the previous chapters have contributed to the deterioration of the quality of the land fund element, which supports the provision of ecosystems services, including the production of biomass. Contribution of recycled N, P, and K to total nutrient inputs in Spanish agroecosystems declined along the twentieth century with a clear surplus of N, P, and K, resulting in a lower nutrient efficiency use and a generalized environmental pollution (e.g. nitrate leaching, NH3,and N2O emissions). Soil organic carbon in Spanish agroecosystems is relatively low, indicating that these soils are at a degradation threshold. The increase in NPP resulting from intensification, together with massive feed imports do not compensate the lost of soil organic carbon due to an increased mineralization predicted under a scenario of climate change and the spread of irrigation, because of the breakdown of the balance between the uses of biomass and the preferential use of feed to nourish poultry and pigs. Agriculture intensification not only has resulted in a progressive decline of energy returns in the form of biomass, but also in the externalization of the environmental impact due to the outsourcing of the land cost of food through massive imports of biomass from other regions, mainly South America.
Thermodynamic evolution of secluded vector dark matter: conventional WIMPs and nonconventional WIMPs
Authors: Yang Kwei-Chou 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The secluded dark matter resides within a hidden sector and self-annihilates into lighter mediators which subsequently decay to the Standard Model (SM) particles. Depending on the coupling strength of the mediator to the SM, the hidden sector can be kinetically decoupled from the SM bath when the temperature drops below the mediator’s mass, and the dark matter annihilation cross section at freeze-out is thus possible to be boosted above the conventional value of weak interacting massive particles. We present a comprehensive study on thermodynamic evolution of the hidden sector from the first principle, using the simplest secluded vector dark matter model. Motivated by the observation of Galactic center gamma-ray excess, we take two mass sets ∼$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(80 GeV) for the dark matter and mediator as examples to illustrate the thermodynamics. The coupled Boltzmann moment equations for number densities and temperature evolutions of the hidden sector are numerically solved. The formalism can be easily extended to a general secluded dark matter model. We show that a long-lived mediator can result in a boosted dark matter annihilation cross section to account for the relic abundance. We further show the parameter space which provides a good fit to the Galactic center excess data and is compatible with the current bounds and LUX-ZEPLIN projected sensitivity. We find that the future observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies offer promising reach to probe the most relic allowed parameter space relevant to the boosted dark matter annihilation cross section.
Effects of patents on the transition from stagnation to growth
Authors: Chu Angus C. , Kou Zonglai , Wang Xilin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study provides a growth-theoretic analysis of the effects of intellectual property rights on the take-off of an economy from an era of stagnation to a state of sustained economic growth. We incorporate patent protection into a Schumpeterian growth model in which take-off occurs when the population size crosses an endogenous threshold. We find that strengthening patent protection has contrasting effects on economic growth at different stages of development. Specifically, it leads to an earlier take-off but also reduces economic growth in the long run.
The manufacturability and compression properties of the Schwarz Diamond type Ti6Al4V cellular lattice fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Maszybrocka Joanna , Gapiński Bartosz , Dworak Michał , Skrabalak Grzegorz , Stwora Andrzej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Selective laser melting technology makes it possible to produce 3D cellular lattice structures with controlled porosity. The paper reflects to machining and examination of structures with predefined distribution, shape and size of the pores. In the study, the porous structures of Ti6Al4V were investigated. The tests were carried out using structures of spatial architecture of Schwarz D TPMS geometry with a total porosity of 60% and 80% and various pore sizes. Dimensional accuracy of additively manufactured structures was measured in relation to the 3D model. Geometry of the final structure differed from the CAD model in the range ± 0.3 mm. The surface morphology and porosity of the solid struts were also checked. The mechanical properties of the structures were determined in a static compression test.
The cell–cell junctions of mammalian testes. III. Absence of an endothelial cell layer covering the peritubular wall of the seminiferous tubules—an immunocytochemical correction of a 50-year-old error in the literature
Authors: Franke Werner W. , Domke Lisa M. , Dörflinger Yvette , Zimbelmann Ralf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the molecular biological and ultrastructural studies of the peritubular wall cells encasing the seminiferous tubules of mammalian testes, we found it necessary to characterize the outermost cell layer bordering on the interstitial space in detail. For half a century, the extremely thin cells of this monolayer have in the literature been regarded as part of a lymphatic endothelium, in particular in rodents. However, our double-label immunofluorescence microscopical results have shown that in all six mammalian species examined, including three rodent ones (rat, mouse, guinea pig), this classification is not correct: the very attenuated cells of this monolayer are not of lymphatic endothelial nature as they do not contain established endothelial marker molecules. In particular, they do not contain claudin-5-positive tight junctions, VE-cadherin-positive adherens junctions, “lymph vessel endothelium hyaluronan receptor 1” (LYVE-1), podoplanin, protein myozap and “von Willebrand Factor” (vWF). By contrast and as controls, all these established marker molecules for the lymphatic endothelial cell type are found in the endothelia of the lymph and—partly also—blood vessels located nearby in the interstitial space. Thus, our results provide evidence that the monolayer cells covering the peritubular wall do not contain endothelial marker molecules and hence are not endothelial cells. We discuss possible methodological reasons for the maintenance of this incorrect cell type classification in the literature and emphasize the value of molecular analyses using multiple cell type–specific markers, also with respect to physiology and medical sciences.
Exploring differences in spatial patterns and temporal trends of phenological models at continental scale using gridded temperature time-series
Authors: Mehdipoor Hamed , Zurita-Milla Raul , Augustijn Ellen-Wien , Izquierdo-Verdiguier Emma 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Phenological models are widely used to estimate the influence of weather and climate on plant development. The goodness of fit of phenological models often is assessed by considering the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between observed and predicted dates. However, the spatial patterns and temporal trends derived from models with similar RMSE may vary considerably. In this paper, we analyse and compare patterns and trends from a suite of temperature-based phenological models, namely extended spring indices, thermal time and photothermal time models. These models were first calibrated using lilac leaf onset observations for the period 1961–1994. Next, volunteered phenological observations and daily gridded temperature data were used to validate the models. After that, the two most accurate models were used to evaluate the patterns and trends of leaf onset for the conterminous US over the period 2000–2014. Our results show that the RMSEs of extended spring indices and thermal time models are similar and about 2 days lower than those produced by the other models. Yet the dates of leaf out produced by each of the models differ by up to 11 days, and the trends differ by up to a week per decade. The results from the histograms and difference maps show that the statistical significance of these trends strongly depends on the type of model applied. Therefore, further work should focus on the development of metrics that can quantify the difference between patterns and trends derived from spatially explicit phenological models. Such metrics could subsequently be used to validate phenological models in both space and time. Also, such metrics could be used to validate phenological models in both space and time.
Feasibility of a novel exercise prehabilitation programme in patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgery: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Northgraves Matthew J. , Arunachalam Lakshmanan , Madden Leigh A. , Marshall Philip , Hartley John E. , MacFie John , Vince Rebecca V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and objectives
To investigate the feasibility of delivering a functional exercise-based prehabilitation intervention and its effects on postoperative length of hospital stay, preoperative physical functioning and health-related quality of life in elective colorectal surgery.

Materials and methods
In this randomised controlled feasibility trial, 22 elective colorectal surgery patients were randomly assigned to exercise prehabilitation (n = 11) or standard care (n = 11). Feasibility of delivering the intervention was assessed based on recruitment and compliance to the intervention. Impact on postoperative length of hospital stay and complications, preoperative physical functioning (timed up and go test, five times sit to stand, stair climb test, handgrip dynamometry and 6-min walk test) and health-related quality of life were also assessed.

Results
Over 42% of patients (84/198) screened were deemed ineligible for prehabilitation due to insufficient time existing prior to scheduled surgery. Of those who were eligible, approximately 18% consented to the trial. Median length of hospital stay was 8 [range 6–27] and 10 [range 5–12] days respectively for the standard care and prehabilitation groups. Patterns towards preoperative improvements for the timed up and go test, stair climb test and 6-min walk test were observed for all participants receiving prehabilitation but not standard care.

Conclusions
Despite prehabilitation appearing to convey positive benefits on physical functioning, short surgical wait times and patient engagement represent major obstacles to implementing exercise prehabilitation programmes in colorectal cancer patients.
Prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik – öfter ein Thema als viele denken
Authors: Schwarz Gabriele , Puttinger Gertraud , von Oertzen Tim J. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Epilepsiechirurgie ist eine hochwirksame Therapie mit kurativem Anspruch. Dies belegen inzwischen 3 Studien mit Klasse-1-Evidenz. Bei pharmakoresistenter fokaler Epilepsie mit einer Krankheitsdauer von fast 20 Jahren, mit kürzerer Krankheitsdauer von durchschnittlich 5 Jahren sowie bei Kindern wurde jeweils unabhängig voneinander gezeigt, dass Epilepsiechirurgie dem „best medical treatment“ hochsignifikant überlegen ist.
Mithilfe multimodaler Untersuchungsmethoden (z. B. Langzeit-Video-EEG, hochauflösendes cMRT nach Epilepsieprotokoll, FDG-PET, neuropsychologische Testung, fMRT, ev. iktale SPECT-Untersuchung und Verrechnung mittels SISCOM, Postprocessing des cMRTs, „electric source imaging“ [ESI], Magnetenzephalographie [MEG], invasive Abklärung mittels Stereo-EEG-Elektroden oder subduralen Elektroden und WADA-Test) ist es in der prächirurgischen Epilepsiediagnostik nun möglich, Patienten einen epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriff anzubieten, die früher als schlechte oder aussichtslose Kandidaten für eine Epilepsiechirurgie eingeschätzt wurden.