bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and molecular characterization of Wolbachia strains in natural populations of Aedes albopictus in China
Authors: Hu Yaping , Xi Zhiyong , Liu Xiaobo , Wang Jun , Guo Yuhong , Ren Dongsheng , Wu Haixia , Wang Xiaohua , Chen Bin , Liu Qiyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Aedes albopictus is naturally infected with Wolbachia spp., maternally transmitted bacteria that influence the reproduction of hosts. However, little is known regarding the prevalence of infection, multiple infection status, and the relationship between Wolbachia density and dengue outbreaks in different regions. Here, we assessed Wolbachia infection in natural populations of Ae. albopictus in China and compared Wolbachia density between regions with similar climates, without dengue and with either imported or local dengue.

Results
To explore the prevalence of Wolbachia infection, Wolbachia DNA was detected in mosquito samples via PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and the surface protein gene wsp. We found that 93.36% of Ae. albopictus in China were positive for Wolbachia. After sequencing gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ, fbpA and wsp genes of Wolbachia strains, we identified a new sequence type (ST) of wAlbB (464/465). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that wAlbA and wAlbB strains formed a cluster with strains from other mosquitoes in a wsp-based maximum likelihood (ML) tree. However, in a ML tree based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), wAlbB STs (464/465) did not form a cluster with Wolbachia strains from other mosquitoes. To better understand the association between Wolbachia spp. and dengue infection, the prevalence of Wolbachia in Ae. albopictus from different regions (containing local dengue cases, imported dengue cases and no dengue cases) was determined. We found that the prevalence of Wolbachia was lower in regions with only imported dengue cases.

Conclusions
The natural prevalence of Wolbachia infections in China was much lower than in other countries or regions. The phylogenetic relationships among Wolbachia spp. isolated from field-collected Ae. albopictus reflected the presence of dominant and stable strains. However, wAlbB (464/465) and Wolbachia strains did not form a clade with Wolbachia strains from other mosquitoes. Moreover, lower densities of Wolbachia in regions with only imported dengue cases suggest a relationship between fluctuations in Wolbachia density in field-collected Ae. albopictus and the potential for dengue invasion into these regions.
Oligotrophic bacterium Hymenobacter latericoloratus CGMCC 16346 degrades the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in surface water
Authors: Guo Leilei , Dai Zhiling , Guo Jingjing , Yang Wenlong , Ge Feng , Dai Yijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe intensive and extensive application of imidacloprid in agriculture has resulted in water pollution and risks to aquatic invertebrates. However, pure bacteria remediation of imidacloprid in surface water environments has not been studied. Here, we isolated an imidacloprid-degrading bacterium from a water environment, examined its imidacloprid degradation in pure culture and surface water, sequenced its genome, and compared its Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) protein categorization with that for another imidacloprid-degrading bacterium. The isolate was an obligate oligotrophic bacterium, Hymenobacter latericoloratus CGMCC 16346, which degraded imidacloprid via hydroxylation by co-metabolism in pure culture. Resting cells degraded 64.4% of 100 mg/L imidacloprid in 6 days in the presence of co-substrate maltose, and growing culture degraded 40.8% of imidacloprid in 10 days. H. latericoloratus CGMCC 16346 degraded imidacloprid in surface water without co-substrate supplementation and retained imidacloprid-degrading activity after 30 days. The half-life of imidacloprid in surface water was decreased from 173.3 days in the control to 57.8 days by CGMCC 16346 inoculation. Genome sequencing and COG analysis indicated that carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, and defense mechanisms are enriched in H. latericoloratus CGMCC 16346 compared with the copiotrophic imidacloprid-degrading Pseudoxanthomonas indica CGMCC 6648, indicating that H. latericoloratus CGMCC 16346 is adapted to live in oligotrophic water environments and biofilms. H. latericoloratus CGMCC 16346 is a promising bioremediation agent for elimination of imidacloprid contamination from surface water.
A novel trehalosamine isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its antibacterial activities
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhao Bo , Liu Yaping , Mao Linjing , Zhang Xuanming , Meng Wu , Liu Kechun , Chu Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacillus amyloliquefaciens has been widely used as a probiotic in the field of biological control,and its antibacterial compounds plays an important role in the prevention and control of plant, livestock and poultry diseases. It has the advantages of green, safe and efficiency. This study aims to separate and purify active ingredient from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GN59 and study its antibacterial activity. A novel compound was isolated from GN59 by column chromatography on silica gel and HPLC purification. The chemical structure was identified as α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 1′)-3′-amino-3′-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside (a,β-3-trehalosamine) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. This is the first report about a,β-3-trehalosamine isolated from biological resources on an antibiotic activity against pathogenic bacterium. The 3′-neotrehalosamine displayed antibacterial activity across a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/mL. The results indicated that the 3′-neotrehalosamine from GN59 might be a potential candidate for bactericide.
Long non-coding RNAs as the critical factors during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview
Authors: Rahmani Zahra , Mojarrad Majid , Moghbeli Meysam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer is associated with various genetic and environmental risk factors. Beside the mutations or aberrant expression of protein-coding genes, the genetic deregulation of non-coding RNAs has also an important role during tumor progression and metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of ncRNAs larger than 200 nucleotides that may function as tumor-suppressor or oncogene.

Main body
There is a raising trend of cancer incidence among Iranian population during the last decades. Therefore, it is required to prepare a general population specific panel of genetic markers for the early detection of cancer in this population. The tissue-specific expression characteristics and high stability in body fluids highlight the lncRNAs as efficient diagnostic and prognostic noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. In present review we summarized all of the lncRNAs which have been reported until now in different tumors among Iranian patients.

Conclusions
This review paves the way of introducing a population based noninvasive diagnostic panel of lncRNAs for the early detection of tumor cells among Iranian population.
The Vese-Chan model without redundant parameter estimation for multiphase image segmentation
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Zisen , Pan Zhenkuan , Wei Weibo , Wang Guodong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Vese-Chan model for multiphase image segmentation uses m binary label functions to construct 2m characteristic functions for different phases/regions systematically; the terms in this model have moderate degrees comparing with other schemes of multiphase segmentation. However, if the number of desired regions is less than 2m, there exist some empty phases which need costly parameter estimation for segmentation purpose. In this paper, we propose an automatic construction method for characteristic functions via transformation between a natural number and its binary expression, and thus, the characteristic functions of empty phases can be written and recognized naturally. In order to avoid the redundant parameter estimations of these regions, we add area constraints in the original model to replace the corresponding region terms to preserve its systematic form and achieve high efficiency. Additionally, we design the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for the proposed modified model to decompose it into some simple sub-problems of optimization, which can be solved using Gauss-Seidel iterative method or generalized soft thresholding formulas. Some numerical examples for gray images and color images are presented finally to demonstrate that the proposed model has the same or better segmentation effects as the original one, and it reduces the estimation of redundant parameters and improves the segmentation efficiency.
On the finite approximate controllability for Hilfer fractional evolution systems
Authors: Liu Xianghu , Li Yanfang , Xu Guangjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the finite approximate controllability of some Hilfer fractional evolution systems. Using a variational approach and Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we give sufficient conditions for finite approximate controllability of semilinear controlled systems. An example is given to illustrate our theory.
The global dynamics in a wild-type and drug-resistant HIV infection model with saturated incidence
Authors: Chen Wei , Tuerxun Nafeisha , Teng Zhidong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the global dynamics in an HIV virus infection model with saturated incidence. The model includes two viral strains, one is wild-type (i.e. drug sensitive) and another is drug-resistant. The wild-type strain can mutate and become drug-resistant during the process of reverse transcription. The nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions are established. The basic reproduction numbers of two strains and the existence of equilibria are also obtained. The threshold criteria on the local and global stability of equilibria and the uniform persistence of the model are established by using the linearization method, constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and the theory of persistence in dynamical systems. Moreover, the mathematical analysis and numerical examples show that model may have a positive equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable.
Estimation of f-divergence and Shannon entropy by Levinson type inequalities via new Green’s functions and Lidstone polynomial
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Khan Khuram Ali , Pečarić Ðilda , Pečarić Josip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy using new Green’s functions and Lidstone interpolating polynomial, some new generalizations of Levinson type inequalities for $(2p+1)$(2p+1)-convex functions are obtained. In seek of applications of our results to information theory, new generalizations based on f-divergence estimates are also proven. Moreover, some inequalities for Shannon entropies are deduced as well.
Some basic properties of the generalized bi-periodic Fibonacci and Lucas sequences
Authors: Tan Elif , Leung Ho-Hon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a generalization of Horadam sequence $\{ w_{n} \} ${wn} which is defined by the recurrence relation $w_{n}=\chi ( n ) w_{n-1}+cw_{n-2}$wn=χ(n)wn−1+cwn−2, where $\chi ( n ) =a$χ(n)=a if n is even, $\chi ( n ) =b$χ(n)=b if n is odd with arbitrary initial conditions $w_{0}$w0, $w_{1}$w1 and nonzero real numbers a, b and c. As a special case, by taking the initial conditions 0, 1 and 2, b we define the sequences $\{ u_{n} \} ${un} and $\{ v_{n} \} ${vn}, respectively. The main purpose of this study is to derive some basic properties of the sequences $\{ u _{n} \} ${un}, $\{ v_{n} \} ${vn} and $\{ w_{n} \} ${wn} by using a matrix approach.
Retrospective review of dosing trends in botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia in a long-term cohort
Authors: French Gabrielle , Bosch J. Douglas , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: January 2020

Background Botulinum toxin A (BT) is the gold standard treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) with established use for greater than thirty years. The spasmodic dysphonia (SD) literature would benefit from additional long-term cohort data, especially in the Canadian population. The goals of this study were to evaluate whether BT dosage required to achieve acceptable voice shifts over time and to elucidate differences in the subgroups of patients receiving unilateral vocal fold (UVF) injections. Methods Patient records were retrospectively reviewed at the regional tertiary Voice Clinic for AdSD patients from 1996 to 2017 to identify AdSD patients treated with serial BT injections. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests for time between treatments and ANOVA tests were used to evaluate trends in subgroup age. Results One-hundred and twenty-six patients (61% female, mean age = 53 ± 15.5 years) met inclusion criteria and received laryngeal EMG-guided BT injections for up to twenty-two years and as many as 79 treatments. The mean total BT dosage for our population was 1.54 ± 0.35 Units per side. The majority of subjects had decreasing doses over time with a small subgroup having slowly increasing doses. Comparing treatment dosages between unilateral and bilateral injection groups, injection dosage per vocal fold was 1.65 ± 0.62 with time between injections was significantly shorter for the unilateral injection group (mean = 105 days, SD ± 19.8 days, p = 0.005) compared to the bilateral injection subgroup (137 ± 35.7 days, p < 0.005). The mean age of the unilateral injection population as younger at 42.4 ± 11.8 years ( p = 0.004). Conclusion The majority of patients in this study had decreasing BT injection dosages over time, with a smaller proportion having slowly increasing doses, thought to be likely relating to disease severity. The unilateral vocal fold injections were well tolerated despite needing more frequent injections, and found to be more prevalent in the younger age group.
Supplementary protection certificates and their impact on access to medicines in Europe: case studies of sofosbuvir, trastuzumab and imatinib
Authors: Hu Yuanqiong , Eynikel Dimitri , Boulet Pascale , Krikorian Gaelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing pressure on public health systems in high-income countries due to high medicines prices, one of the underlying causes of which are the market monopolies granted to pharmaceutical undertakings. These monopolies have been facilitated by expanded forms of intellectual property protections, including the extension of the exclusivity period after the expiration of the patent term concerning medicinal products. In the European Union such an approach lies in the Supplementary Protection Certificate, a mechanism formally introduced under Regulation 1768/92/EEC (now: Regulation 469/2009/EC, amended). After more than 20 years of implementation since it was first introduced, the common justifications for SPCs are being challenged by recent findings as to their functioning and impact. Similarly, legitimate questions have been voiced as to the negative impact of SPCs on timely access to affordable medicines.On the basis of an analysis of three medicines for hepatitis C and cancer treatments, the present article critically engages with the policy justifications underlying SPCs. It then analyses access challenges to a hepatitis C medicine and an HIV treatment in Europe, highlighting the social cost of the introduction of SPCs. Both the normative and empirical analyses have demonstrated that the common justifications supporting the SPC regime are deeply questionable. The addition of SPC exclusivity has also heavily delayed competition and maintained high medicines prices in European countries. Ultimately, the granting of such extended exclusive private rights on medicines may result in unnecessary suffering and be a factor in the erosion of access to medicines for all.
Taking stock of accumulated knowledge in projection studies from Systemic Functional Linguistics: a research synthesis
Authors: XUAN Winfred Wenhui , Chen Shukun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper synthesized 66 studies both in English and Chinese concerning projection in Systemic Functional Linguistics with a meta-analysis and synthesis approach. Our data show that projection in Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) is a burgeoning field with expanding focused areas from different settings after several decades of development. Five major domains of research have been identified, namely, theoretical discussions, language description, language education, translation studies, and professional communication. Studies in these areas demonstrate that the notion of projection is of great theoretical significance. It is also a useful analytical tool in investigating both written and spoken discourse. However, it is found that interpersonal projection remains an elusive concept, and projection below the clause rank has just begun to gain attention. Projection in professional communication, translation studies and multimodality is under-investigated.
A Delta-radiomics model for preoperative evaluation of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade osteosarcoma
Authors: Lin Peng , Yang Peng-Fei , Chen Shi , Shao You-You , Xu Lei , Wu Yan , Teng Wangsiyuan , Zhou Xing-Zhi , Li Bing-Hao , Luo Chen , Xu Lei-Ming , Huang Mi , Niu Tian-Ye , Ye Zhao-Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The difficulty of assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic response preoperatively may hinder personalized-medicine strategies that depend on the results from pathological examination.

Methods
A total of 191 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma (HOS) were enrolled retrospectively from November 2013 to November 2017 and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). A cutoff time of November 2016 was used to divide the training set and validation set. All patients underwent diagnostic CTs before and after chemotherapy. By quantifying the tumor regions on the CT images before and after NCT, 540 delta-radiomic features were calculated. The interclass correlation coefficients for segmentations of inter/intra-observers and feature pair-wise correlation coefficients (Pearson) were used for robust feature selection. A delta-radiomics signature was constructed using the lasso algorithm based on the training set. Radiomics signatures built from single-phase CT were constructed for comparison purpose. A radiomics nomogram was then developed from the multivariate logistic regression model by combining independent clinical factors and the delta-radiomics signature. The prediction performance was assessed using area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
The delta-radiomics signature showed higher AUC than single-CT based radiomics signatures in both training and validation cohorts. The delta-radiomics signature, consisting of 8 selected features, showed significant differences between the pathologic good response (pGR) (necrosis fraction ≥90%) group and the non-pGR (necrosis fraction < 90%) group (P < 0.0001, in both training and validation sets). The delta-radiomics nomogram, which consisted of the delta-radiomics signature and new pulmonary metastasis during chemotherapy showed good calibration and great discrimination capacity with AUC 0.871 (95% CI, 0.804 to 0.923) in the training cohort, and 0.843 (95% CI, 0.718 to 0.927) in the validation cohort. The DCA confirmed the clinical utility of the radiomics model.

Conclusion
The delta-radiomics nomogram incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical factors in this study could be used for individualized pathologic response evaluation after chemotherapy preoperatively and help tailor appropriate chemotherapy and further treatment plans.
A novel reconstruction technique of a tracheal defect in the emergent setting using a thymus flap in a patient with tracheoinnominate artery fistula
Authors: Draeger Tyler B. , Andaz Shahriyour K. , Gibson Vanessa R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a very high mortality associated with a tracheoinnominate artery fistula; however, when patients survive, they often require reconstruction of the eroded tracheal defect after the bleeding has been controlled.

Case presentation
This is the case of an 83-year-old male with a tracheoinnominate artery fistula who was stabilized in the operating room and underwent repair of his trachea. A novel technique of using the thymus gland as a pedicled flap to repair a large tracheal defect was executed after achieving hemostasis. The patient’s defect was repaired successfully following control of the fistula.

Conclusions
We have shown that the thymus gland can be used successfully as a pedicled flap for repair of a tracheal defect in the setting of a tracheoinnominate artery fistula.
Association between delivery methods for enteral nutrition and physical status among older adults
Authors: Hayashi Tetsuro , Matsushima Masato , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Bito Seiji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The physical status of patients who received enteral nutrition is still unclear. We aimed to compare the physical functional status among older adult patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and those with nasogastric feeding.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an acute care hospital from August 1, 2009 to March 31, 2015. We included older adult patients (age ≥ 65 years) who were administered PEG or nasogastric feeding during hospitalization and received enteral nutrition for ≥14 days. We excluded patients who were completely bedridden at the administration of enteral nutrition. The primary outcome was death or becoming bedridden at discharge. The incidence of being bedridden among the patients who survived and received enteral nutrition at discharge was also compared according to the enteral nutrition method used.

Results
Among the 181 patients who were administered enteral nutrition during hospitalization, 40 patients (22%) died and 66 patients (36%) were bedridden at discharge. The proportions of patients who fully resumed oral intake were 30% in the nasogastric group and 2.3% in the PEG group. The adjusted odds ratios comparing PEG feeding to nasogastric feeding were 0.38 (95% CI, 0.16–0.93) for death or being bedridden and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.02–0.40) for being bedridden among the patients who were receiving enteral nutrition at discharge.

Conclusions
Among older adult patients who were administered enteral nutrition, more than half of these patients died or became bedridden. PEG feeding could be associated with a lower risk of becoming bedridden or death in comparison with nasogastric feeding, although PEG feeding may be offered to the most mobile/ambulatory patients within clinical decision-making. Clinicians should carefully consider the administration and choice of enteral nutrition methods, when considering the prognosis of the patients.