bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of FKBP51 Shapes Brain Structure and Connectivity in Male Mice
Authors: Engelhardt Clara , Boulat Benoit , Czisch Michael , Schmidt Mathias V. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundStress exposure as well as psychiatric disorders are often associated with abnormalities in brain structure or connectivity. The co‐chaperone FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a regulator of the stress system and is associated with a risk to develop stress‐related mental illnesses.PurposeTo assess the effect of a general FKBP51 knockout on brain structure and connectivity in male mice.Study TypeAnimal study.Animal ModelTwo cohorts of FKBP51 knockout (51KO) and wildtype (WT) mice. The first cohort was comprised of n = 18 WT and n = 17 51KOs; second cohort n = 10 WT and n = 9 51KOs.Field Strength/Sequence9.4T/3D gradient echo (VBM), DTI‐EPI (DTI).AssessmentVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). For VBM, all procedures were executed in SPM12. DTI: FMRIB Software Library (FSL) Tract Based Statistics (TBSS) were integrated within DTI‐TK, allowing the creation of a mean FA skeleton. A voxelwise statistical analysis was applied between WT and 51KO mice.Statistical TestVolumetric differences were collected at a threshold of P < 0.005, and only clusters surviving a familywise error correction on the cluster level (pFWE, cluster <0.05) were further considered. VBM data were analyzed using a two‐sample t‐test. The Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE) method was used to derive uncorrected‐P statistical results at a P‐level of 0.01.ResultsThe structural analysis revealed two clusters of significantly larger volumes in the hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, and dorsal raphe region of WT animals. DTI measurements, however, demonstrated statistically higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values for 51KO animals in locations including the anterior commissure, fornix, and posterior commissure/superior colliculus commissure region.Data ConclusionThis study used in vivo structural MRI and DTI to demonstrate that a lack of FKBP51 leads to alterations in brain architecture and connectivity in male mice. These findings are of particular translational relevance for our understanding of the neuroanatomy underlying the interaction of FKBP5 genetic status, stress susceptibility, and psychiatric disorders.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Risk factors of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu, China: A retrospective, multi‐center study
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhu Li , Xue Leyang , Liu Longgen , Yan Xuebing , Yan Xiaomin , Huang Songping , Zhang Biao , Xu Tianmin , Li Chunyang , Ji Fang , Ming Fang , Zhao Yun , Cheng Juan , Shao Huaping , Chen Kang , Zhao Xiang‐an , Sang Dawen , Zhao Haiyan , Guan Xinying , Chen Xiaobing , Chen Yuxin , Liu Jiacheng , Huang Rui , Zhu Chuanwu , Wu Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to describe liver injury and identify the risk factors of liver injury in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) patients without chronic liver diseases (CLD). The clinical data of 228 confirmed COVID‐19 patients without CLD were retrospectively collected from ten hospitals in Jiangsu, China. Sixty‐seven (29.4%) of 228 patients without CLD showed abnormal liver function on admission, including increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (25 [11.0%]) U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 30 [13.2%]) U/L, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) 28 [12.4%]) U/L, total bilirubin (Tbil) 16 [7.0%] μmol/L, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 10 [4.5%]) U/L. During hospitalization, 129 (56.3%) of 228 patients showed abnormal liver function, including elevated ALT (84 [36.8%]), AST (58 [25.4%]), GGT (67 [29.5%]), and Tbil (59 [25.9%]). Age over 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.030–4.225; p = .041), male sex (OR, 2.737; 95% CI, 1.418–5.284; p = .003), and lopinavir–ritonavir (OR, 2.504; 95% CI, 1.187–5.283; p = .016) were associated with higher risk of liver function abnormality, while the atomized inhalation of interferon α‐2b (OR, 0.256; 95% CI 0.126–0.520; p < .001) was associated with reduced risk of liver function abnormality during hospitalization. Mild to moderate liver injury was common in COVID‐19 patients in Jiangsu, China. Age over 50 years, male sex, and lopinavir–ritonavir were the independent risk factors of liver impairment in COVID‐19 patients during hospitalization.
Evidence of human cytomegalovirus infection and expression of 5‐lipoxygenase in borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Rahbar Afsar , Pantalone Mattia Russel , Religa Piotr , Rådestad Angelique Flöter , Söderberg‐Naucler Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBorderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) belong to a group of tumors that are distinctly different from ovarian carcinomas. There is an increased risk of BOTs in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in ovarian cancer tissue specimens. This virus favors the inflammatory milieu by inducing expression of the potent inflammatory factor 5‐lipoxygenase (5LO), which stimulates cellular viability, cellular proliferation and activates antiapoptotic signaling pathways. Here, we aimed to examine presence of HCMV and 5LO in BOTs. Expression levels of HCMV proteins (IE and pp65) and 5LO were examined in paraffin embedded BOT tissue sections by immunohistochemistry staining and HCMV immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were determined by serology in blood samples obtained from 15 patients with BOTs identified in a prospective study at Karolinska University Hospital. Extensive expression of HCMV‐IE, pp65, and 5LO were detected in 87%, 40%, and 90% of examined BOT tissue sections, respectively. HCMV–IgG prevalence and antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with BOT compared to age matched healthy women (83.3% vs. 65,6%, respectively, p = .01). Whether HCMV can induce inflammation and affect the pathogenesis of BOTs should therefore be further investigated.
Experimental Investigation of Noble Viscoelastic Surfactant and Chelating Agent for Heavy Oil Enhanced Oil Recovery in High‐Pressure–High‐Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Janjua Aneeq N. , Sultan Abdullah S. , Saikia Tinku , Kamal Muhammad S. , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe success of chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) is significantly dependent on the type of reservoir and its pressure and temperature conditions. The recovery of heavy oil from carbonate reservoir using cEOR method is still challenging because of its highly complex internal structures and high pressure–high temperature (HPHT) conditions. This research work is the first account of the use of AGA‐97 (viscoelastic surfactant [VES)) along with a chelating agent diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) for their application in cEOR method in heavy‐oil‐carbonate reservoirs. Several core flooding experiments were carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of the VES AGA‐97 and chelating agent for cEOR method. The effect of VES on viscosity and interfacial tension was also studied with varying concentration, temperature, and time. The thermal stability of VES was analyzed with the help of thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. VES AGA‐97 was found to have high thermal stability in short‐term aging. The static adsorption and dynamic adsorption of VES AGA‐97 was studied with the help of total organic carbon analysis. After all the analysis, it was found that VES AGA‐97 and DTPA can be effectively used for cEOR method in carbonate reservoir at HPHT conditions, and the total additional oil recovery of 5.82–9.64% may be achieved.
Combined Low‐Dose Isotretinoin and Pulsed Dye Laser Versus standard‐Dose Isotretinoin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Acne
Authors: Ibrahim Shady M. , Farag Assem , Hegazy Rehab , Mongy Mohamed , Shalaby Suzan , Kamel Marwa M. 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesAcne is a widespread disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Isotretinoin is the background treatment of cases of severe acne. Side effects associated with the standard 0.5–1 mg/kg/day dose decrease patient compliance. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) was proved effective in the management of inflammatory acne. The focus was to evaluate the efficacy of combining low‐dose isotretinoin (0.25 mg/kg/day) with PDL in comparison with the standard higher‐dose isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day) as monotherapy for the management of acne vulgaris.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe current prospective randomized comparative study included 46 acne patients, who were randomly divided into two groups. The first (ISO/PDL group) was treated with oral isotretinoin (0.25 mg/kg/day) and five sessions of PDL. The second (ISO group) was treated with oral isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day). The physician's clinical assessment was done by three blinded dermatologists using quartile scale score and erythema score at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months and global acne grading system (GAGS) at baseline and 6 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI).ResultsBoth groups showed a significant improvement in all assessed parameters compared with baseline at 3 and 6 months. Comparing both groups together, the ISO/PDL group showed a statistically significantly greater improvement regarding all parameters at both assessment times. Regarding adverse events, six patients (26%) suffered from flare in the ISO group versus none in the combined group. Dryness was encountered in 20 patients (86%) in the ISO group versus five patients (21%) in the other group. The ISO/PDL group received significantly less cumulative isotretinoin dosage (48.7 ± 5.7 mg/kg) in comparison to the ISO group (100.4 ± 3.1 mg/kg) (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe current study offers a new collaboration between two well‐studied and established treatment modalities leading to a harmony of therapeutic synergism while minimizing the risk of side effects. Longer periods of follow‐up are recommended to diagnose any relapses and modify the proposed protocol. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment‐Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly
Authors: Lotocki Victor , Yazdani Hossein , Zhang Qiaochu , Gran Evan Rizzel , Nyrko Anastasiia , Maysinger Dusica , Kakkar Ashok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBranched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms provide an advantageous platform for the construction of tailored nanocarriers for therapeutic interventions. Simple and adaptable synthetic methodologies to amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers have been developed in which spatial location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) responsive entities is articulated to be on the corona shell surface or inside the core. The design of such architectures is facilitated through versatile building blocks and selected combinations of ring‐opening polymerization, Steglich esterification, and alkyne‐azide click reactions. Soft nanoparticles from aqueous self‐assembly of these stimuli responsive miktoarm stars have low critical micelle concentrations and high drug loading efficiencies. Partial corona shedding upon response to ROS is accompanied by an increase in drug release, without significant changes to overall micelle morphology. The location of the GSH responsive unit at the core leads to micelle disassembly and complete drug release. Curcumin loaded soft nanoparticles show higher efficiencies in preventing ROS generation in extracellular and cellular environments, and in ROS scavenging in human glioblastoma cells. The ease in synthetic elaboration and an understanding of structure‐property relationships in stimuli responsive nanoparticles offer a facile venue for well‐controlled drug delivery, based on the extra‐ and intracellular concentrations of ROS and GSH.
Autophagy Activation by Resveratrol Reduces Severity of Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fernández‐Rodríguez Jennifer A , Almonte‐Becerril Maylin , Ramil‐Gómez Olalla , Hermida‐Carballo Laura , Viñas‐Diz Susana , Vela‐Anero Ángela , Concha Ángel , Camacho‐Encina María , Blanco Francisco J , López‐Armada María J 
Published: November 2020

ScopePrevious work reported that dietary supplementation with resveratrol lowers synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory and oxidative damage in an antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) model. Here, it is investigated whether resveratrol can regulate the abnormal synovial proliferation by inducing autophagy and controlling the associated inflammatory response.Methods and resultsAnimals treated with resveratrol 8 weeks before AIA induction show the highest significant signal for microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 by confocal microscopy. Besides, resveratrol significantly reduces p62 expression, but it does not increase the signal of beclin‐1. Also, active caspase‐3 expression, as well as poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, is upregulated in the AIA group, and is significantly reduced in resveratrol‐treated AIA group. Resveratrol also mitigates angiopoietin‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor signals. Finally, resveratrol significantly reduces the serum levels of IL‐1β, C reactive protein, and prostaglandin E2, as well as nuclear factor κB synovial tissue expression, which shows a significant correlation with p62 expression.ConclusionDietary supplementation with resveratrol induces the noncanonical autophagy pathway and limits the cross‐talk with inflammation, which in consequence modulates the synovial hyperplasia. Preventive strategies that incorporate dietary intervention with resveratrol may offer a potential therapeutic alternative to drugs to influence the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and influence its course.
Early experiences of nusinersen for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy: Results from a large survey of patients and caregivers
Authors: Chen Er , Dixon Stacy , Naik Rupali , Noone Josh M. , Buchenberger J. Daniel , Whitmire Sarah M. , Mills Rosalina , Arnold William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the early experience of nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) from the patient and caregiver perspective.MethodsA 54‐item online survey was administered to adult patients and caregivers of pediatric patients diagnosed with SMA.ResultsOverall, respondents (56 patients and 45 caregivers) were satisfied with nusinersen. Satisfaction was highest on changes in energy, stamina, and motor function and lowest on treatment administration and overall time commitment. Differences were noted for treatment effect sustained over time as reported by adult patients vs caregivers reporting on behalf of pediatric patients. Respondents reported insurance approval as a key barrier to access, particularly among adult patients.ConclusionsDespite therapeutic advances, there remain significant unmet needs for SMA. Challenges with administration and barriers to access potentially limit the number of patients treated or delay treatment. Continued efforts are needed to develop more treatment options and to improve access to treatments.
Population Dynamics and Temporal Trends of Bull Trout in the East Fork Salmon River, Idaho
Authors: Roth Curtis J. , Stark Eric J. , Koenig Lucas D. , Ayers Brian S. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Because of their long-term listing under the Endangered Species Act, much interest has been placed on estimating population vital rates for Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, but the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the interannual variability in those vital rates have rarely been evaluated. We used mark–recapture data to estimate fish growth, survival, and trends in abundance for fluvial adult Bull Trout in the East Fork Salmon River, Idaho. Over an 8-year period, a total of 1,205 individual Bull Trout were collected at a weir on the East Fork Salmon River (29 km upstream of its confluence with the Salmon River) during June–September, of which 420 were recaptures from prior years. Bull Trout varied in length from 215 to 756 mm and achieved a slightly larger asymptotic length and a slightly lower rate of growth relative to other fluvial and adfluvial Bull Trout populations. Apparent survival averaged 0.42 across all years, which was similar to previous studies estimating apparent survival for Bull Trout. The number of emigrating anadromous salmonid smolts in the upper Salmon River basin positively influenced East Fork Salmon River Bull Trout growth and survival, and survival was higher in years with lower annual discharge. Assessment of population growth via linear regression analysis indicated that the Bull Trout population was increasing during the study period (λ = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.14). Our findings highlight the ecological link between the abundance of wild and hatchery Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, and steelhead O. mykiss smolts and growth and survival of adult Bull Trout in systems where these species occur in sympatry.
Phosphorus adsorption characteristics in forested and managed podzolic soils
Authors: Kedir Amana Jemal , Nyiraneza Judith , Galagedara Lakshman , Cheema Mumtaz , Hawboldt Kelly Anne , McKenzie David Bruce , Unc Adrian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the agricultural expansion into Canada's boreal ecoregion, little is known about the phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity in natural and managed Podzols' soil profiles. This information is critical for informing management decisions for P use efficiency and mitigating related environmental risks. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate P adsorption characteristics of podzolic horizons in natural and managed soil using nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. A batch adsorption experiment was conducted using soils collected from distinct horizons of forested and managed fields in eastern and central Newfoundland, Canada. Nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich fitted models had r values >.99 regardless of horizons, locations, and management history. The organic LFH, a surface horizon typical for forested Podzols, and a long‐term managed Ap horizon had the highest P retention capacities when compared to either newly converted soils or soils used as tree nursery following conversion from natural forest. A significant linear correlation and multiple regression models (p < .05) were established between P adsorption parameters and selected soil properties. Results suggest that following conversion from forest to agricultural use, long‐term management that includes tillage and lime and fertilizer application creates an Ap horizon with strong adsorption capacity, which could still fix P and serve as a source of P. The newly converted soils and the deeper soil horizons, for both natural and converted lands, do act mainly as P sinks; hence, crops may need larger quantities of P fertilizer increasing fertilizer expenses and also increasing future legacy P.
Supramolecular design based activatable magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Geng Wen‐Chao , Zheng Zhe , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in clinical diagnosis. In recent years, activatable MRI probes responding to specific changes in their microenvironment have been developed. The signal of the MRI probe can be modulated based on supramolecular design, which can include properties such as self‐assembly and molecular recognition. In this review, we summarize the activatable MRI probes based on the design principles of supramolecular chemistry. We also discuss the current challenges and the future perspectives for how activatable MRI can achieve more extensive clinical applications for cancer therapy.
Relationship Between Hunting Time Schedule and Sika Deer Spatial Displacement in Hunting with and Without Driving
Authors: Yamaguchi Saya , Takeshita Kazutaka M. , Tanikawa Kiyoshi , Kaji Koichi 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe indirect effects (risk effects) of hunting (e.g., lowered frequency of hunting site use by deer due to human predation risk) have received increasing attention in deer management programs. However, our understanding of the relationship between hunting time schedule and risk‐effect level remains limited. We investigated the relationships between hunting time schedule (the duration of the hunting operation and its execution interval) and the extent of sika deer (Cervus nippon) spatial displacement from hunting sites in hunting with and without driving (drive and stalk hunting, respectively) in the Tanzawa Mountains, Japan, 2016–2018. Driving in deer hunting means the action of making deer move by using dogs and/or hunters. We considered the probability of photographing deer with a camera trap after hunting operation per day (hazard) as an indicator of the extent of deer spatial displacement. Hazard was negatively associated with the duration of hunting operation in both drive and stalk hunting. In stalk hunting, hazard was also negatively associated with the number of days elapsed since the previous hunting operation in the same hunting site, whereas such an association was not observed in drive hunting. For drive hunting, in order to divert deer from hunting sites for a long time, hunting operations should be conducted throughout the day even if these operations are expected to end in a poor harvest. Conversely, for stalk hunting, short hunting‐operation time and short execution interval days between each operation are required to reduce deer spatial displacement. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Digital Entrepreneurship for the “Decade of Action”
Authors: Shamsrizi Manouchehr , Pakura Adalbert , Wiechers Jens , Pakura Stefanie , Dauster Dominique V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 2020, the UN launched the “Decade of Action” to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. As the SDGs are interdependent, intersectional and interdisciplinary, so must be their solutions. This chapter argues that the best way to identify, develop, and scale solutions of such quality is (digital) entrepreneurship, building on the principles of open innovation, cutting-edge technologies, and social business. The COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 in particular serves as a stark reminder of the interconnected nature of the SDGs and the challenges we face in achieving them. In this article, we explore the third SDG (SDG-3), “Good health and well-being”. We show the potential for digital entrepreneurship to foster the rise of new forms of digital health care and to accelerate the digitalization of the healthcare sector. Due to both perceived and real issues of regulatory compliance, user experience, and long investment/equipment use cycles, SDG-3 has been one of the slowest to adopt innovative solutions by far. We discuss specific areas, such as blended reality or quantum computing, for emerging and future digital health applications. In this chapter, we provide: the “memoreBox” of social start-up RetroBrain R&D, a special edition of gamelab.berlin’s app “Singleton”, and D-Wave’s free access to its cloud quantum computing services. All these examples of digital entrepreneurship utilize in whole or in part a combination of open innovation, future and emerging technologies, and social business, thus supporting our rationale. The article closes with recommendations for different stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystems, demonstrating both the necessity and the potential of digital entrepreneurship for the SDGs and the “Decade of Action”.