bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Incentives to Improve Mobility Among Elderly Patients After Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Lee Daniel , Covinsky Kenneth , Greysen S Ryan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radical cystectomy is a complex surgery that disproportionately affects elderly patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We proposed a randomized control trial to improve mobility using gamification and social incentives while hospitalized, and immediately after surgery at home. Social incentives may be particularly useful in this population as the majority of cystectomy patients rely on a primary caregiver. There have been multiple challenges in this interdisciplinary work to utilize innovative technologies. This would represent one of the first use of gamification and behavioral economic principles in postoperative patients, so there are questions about how patients would respond to gamification while recovering postoperatively. There were challenges in patient selection and interdisciplinary collaboration to consider, especially in an elderly population that may not have ready mobile access. By collaborating across disciplines, we hope to make significant improvements in postoperative outcomes for elderly patients by utilizing innovative interventions.
User Involvement in Research on Aging and Health: Creating Knowledge and Technologies With Older Adults
Authors: Fristedt Sofi , Wanka Anna , Charness Neil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although, user involvement is largely recognized as instrumental when developing relevant knowledge, services as well as products - aging populations are still likely to be sparsely involved in such processes. Surprisingly, many gerontechnologies are still developed based on a technological perspective rather than a gerontological perspective. Consequently, age-related changes as well as needs, actual use or perceptions of older adults are disregarded or neglected. Similar problems apply to public and private environments with potentially negative implications on accessibility. The present symposium includes four presentations that address user involvement, by capturing older adults’ and aging populations’ use as well as perceptions of emerging technologies, successful development of gerontechnologies, and a multigenerational mass-experiment on housing accessibility in later life. The first study from Germany captures the everyday situation of smartphone use as well as aspects of user experience, affect and social context among older adults. The second study addresses perceptions and attitudes of three generations in Sweden related to continuous technological advancement of products intended to support active and healthy aging. The third presentation will describe the iterative development process of the 2020 mass-experiment – the Housing Experiment -- involving older adults, stakeholders in the housing sector, teachers and pupils in Sweden. The fourth presentation from Canada explores the benefits, challenges, and solutions to support older adult engagement in research that leads to the successful development of technologies for and with older adults. Finally, our discussant will further elaborate on the respective study findings and summarize the symposium.
Multiple Chronic Conditions and Provision of Services in Residential Care Communities
Authors: Caffrey Christine , Lendon Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study describes the relationships between the number of selected chronic conditions among residents and the number and provision methods of services provided by residential care communities (RCCs). Estimates are from the 2016 wave of the National Study of Long-Term Care Providers conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic conditions were measured by whether the RCC reported having at least one resident with any of the most common chronic conditions: dementia, diabetes, depression, or heart disease. Services included were mental health, social work, therapeutic, dietary, and skilled nursing. Each service type was categorized by provision method (provided by employees, arrangement or referral only, or not provided). Among RCCs, 63% had all four conditions among residents, 23% had three, 12% had one to two, and 1% had none. About 66% of RCCs provided all five services, 16% provided four, 15% provided 1-3, and 3% provided none. Of the 63% of RCCs that had all four conditions among residents, 69% provided all five services, 29% provided 1-4, and 2% provided none. In these RCCs, a greater percentage provided dietary (69%) and skilled nursing services (33%) with employees compared to the other methods; a greater percentage provided therapeutic (85%) and mental health services (83%) solely through arrangement or referral compared to the other methods. This study found that, in 2016, RCCs with multiple selected conditions among their residents tended to provide a greater number of services for managing chronic conditions. How these RCCs provide services varied based on service type.
Engaging Older Adults in Technology Research: Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators Using a Case Study Approach
Authors: Kirkland Susan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of OA-INVOLVE is to provide recommendations to support older adult engagement in research that leads to the successful development of technologies for and with older adults. To support this aim we conducted a longitudinal case study project in which we interviewed eight AGE-WELL research teams conducting technology projects to explore the benefits, challenges, and solutions for meaningful engagement. Members of the OA-INVOLVE Older Adult Research Partner Group (OARPG) were involved in all aspects of the project. Findings from the case studies provided important insights regarding structural, contextual, and individual factors that enable and constrain active involvement of older adults. Many projects reported developing unique “workarounds” in order to move beyond involving older adults as participants to involving them as advisors and decision makers. Researchers identified that they often lack the skills, training and resources to engage older adults in a meaningful way and could benefit from capacity building.
Masculinities and Aging in Ireland
Authors: Leime Aine Ni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a need for research to gain understanding of the social and cultural constructions of ageing masculinities that, as Gullette emphasises, operate together to construct a ‘culture of decline’. This presentation explores how cultural images of older men inform constructions of ageing and lived realities in Ireland. It draws on the Irish findings from a cross-national, inter-disciplinary project conducted in 2019 investigating older men’s perceptions of how they are represented in film and advertising. It applies innovative narrative and thematic analysis to data from four focus group discussions, interviews and reflective diaries, to explore participants’ (Irish men aged 65+) reactions to the portrayal of older men in TV and film. Stereotypes identified included older men as conservative, grumpy, sad, streetwise, trickster, or action hero. Thematic analysis identified themes including men’s identification with their jobs; their diminishing roles in the family; and old age as a matter of perception.
The Measurement of Physical Resiliencies: Conceptualization, Study Design, and Early Data
Authors: Bandeen-Roche Karen , Varadhan Ravi , Buta Brian , Walston Jeremy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This talk presents the conceptual framework, study design, and pilot data for the Study of Physical Resilience and agING (SPRING). SPRING aims to develop signatures of physical resilience in older adults who will undergo clinical stressors; validate the signatures’ ability to distinguish those who will respond resiliently; and characterize underlying physio-biological determinants. The underlying physiology is conceptualized as a dynamical system, and resilience, as a property thereof. The SPRING pilot has assessed n=77 older adults before, during and repeatedly after experiencing knee replacement surgery, incident hemodialysis, or bone marrow transplant; a confirmatory study evaluating n=100 older adults per each of these stressors is underway. Resilience signatures grounded in dynamical data from multiple stress-response assessments will be presented. So also will resilience phenotypes—longitudinal functional trajectories over the study visits: These show considerable heterogeneity within and across stressors. If successful, our study will open the way for interventions to bolster resiliency. Part of a symposium sponsored by Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group.
Why Age Matters: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Intergenerational Contact With Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Carden Keisha , Letang Sarah , Choi Jaimie , Potts Daniel , Allen Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This integrated mixed methods analysis examined outcomes for students enrolled in an experiential course (BATL), a didactic psychology of aging course, and introductory psychology courses. Students in the experiential course showed increased empathy, F(2, 345) = 29.058, p = .000 (M = 47.52, SD = .75), improved attitudes towards persons with dementia (PWDs), F(2,355) = 8.98, p &lt; .0001 (M = 14.25, SD = .36), and greater increased interest in working with older adults, F(2,361) = 30.228, p=.000 compared to the other courses. A qualitative phase II follow-up explanations model (Creswell et. al., 2003) of participants’ journals using a hermeneutic coding process was employed to explore underlying mechanisms for such changes. These identified underlying mechanisms have significant implications for increasing interest and ability among students to work effectively with older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Further, this information yields insights for addressing workforce shortages in geriatric care.
Rediscovery of Older Adults’ Life Wisdom: Application of Narrative Therapy Using a Tree-of-Life Metaphor
Authors: Esther Chow Oi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using narrative therapy with a “Tree of Life” metaphor, practitioners facilitated 144 Hong Kong Chinese older adults through 24 4-session groups to rediscover their preferred identity and celebrate their lives. Thematic analysis of their ‘Tree of Life’ drawings revealed five themes: 1) Insights about their abilities, intentions and problem-solving capabilities; 2) A sense of purpose and commitment to their preferred identities; 3) Realization of personal values and beliefs; 4) Reconnecting sense of agency and hope; and 5) Cherishing life as a journey to celebrate their wealth of wisdom for common good. Despite confronting life challenges, participants re-author their sense of self consistent to their preferred identity, and renew purpose of life through drawing and dialectic narrative conversations. These findings depict a deeper understanding of older adults’ lives, and have significant theoretical and practical implications for health and social care professions to advance a constructive perspective to late life development.
Meaningful Activities Among Vulnerable Older Adults Living With Dementia
Authors: Allison Theresa , Gubner Jennie , Smith Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper examines self-identified meaningful activities in the daily lives of 21 vulnerable older adults living with dementia and the people who care for them at home (dyads). Using ethnographic observation and interviews, we asked the dyads to identify which aspects of daily life were most meaningful and how these activities changed as dementia progressed. Results ranged from pleasure-seeking activities like cigarette smoking and eating, to spiritual or mindfulness activities like hymn-singing, prayer and tai chi. Dyads identified specific examples of the ways in which meaningful activities and meaning-making both persisted and adapted throughout the progression of dementia. Using these identifiable moments of meaning-making as a starting point for inquiry, we explore underlying questions of how to adapt to dementia progression while retaining meaning in relationships.
Associations of Dietary Patterns With the Gut Microbiota in Older, Community-Dwelling Men
Authors: Shikany James , Demmer Ryan , Johnson Abigail , Meyer Katie , Ensrud Kristine , Orwoll Eric , Kado Deborah , Langsetmo Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigated associations of dietary patterns with composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiota in 517 community-dwelling older men (mean age 84.3 y) who were participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Eligible participants provided a stool sample and completed a food frequency questionnaire at the MrOS Visit 4 in 2014-2016. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. 16S rRNA target gene sequencing was performed. Linear regression and PERMANOVA considered variation in alpha and beta-diversity by dietary pattern, and metagenomeSeq assessed taxonomic variation by dietary pattern. In multivariable-adjusted models, greater adherence to the Western pattern was positively associated certain taxa, including Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, and Ruminococcus, while greater adherence to the prudent pattern was positively associated with certain taxa, including Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Paraprevotella. Dietary patterns were not associated with measures of alpha diversity; beta diversity measures were significantly associated with both Western and prudent patterns.
Quality of Diet Among Community-Dwelling Elders Participating in the Mobility and Vitality Lifestyle Program
Authors: Cheng Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dietary choices play an important role in disease prevention both through its effect on weight and independent of it. Improving diet can be an effective means of disease prevention among older adults. Participants (n=303) were recruited from the Allegheny County, PA area and received nutritional education in group sessions led by trained community health workers over one year. Diet quality was captured at baseline and final endpoint (either 9 or 13 months) using the Rate Your Plate (RYP) instrument for assessing healthfulness of diet and includes 24 items that can be summed to generate a total quality score. The mean RYP diet quality score improved from baseline (RYP=50.87) to endpoint (RYP=54.85) (p&lt;.001). Over the course of the intervention, 30.9% of participants made enough improvement in diet to move to a better RYP category. A community-based group intervention for older adults was effective in inducing improvements in diet quality.
Community Arts Programming Supports Personal Growth and Well-Being in Older Adults
Authors: Dhokai Niyati , Ambegaonkar Jatin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our research study examined how taking part in the arts compared to control affects older adults’ health and well-being. 64 older adults took part in dance, music, or control workshops 2 times/week for 10 weeks. We examined participants’ psychological health, social engagement, and personal growth outcomes using mixed methods during pre- and post-workshop assessments. Focus group and arts survey results revealed that participants felt ownership of new skills learned and felt engaged. Participants, especially for those in arts workshops, described having increased self-perception of creative skills resulting in a sense of personal growth, which occurred despite mind/body challenges experienced during workshops including musculoskeletal challenges, hearing impairments, and challenges retaining new information. Our observations provide avenues for future researchers to create programming that empowers older adults, as well as to utilize the participants’ ongoing feedback to create participant-empowered adaptations that transcends mind/body limitations through accessible pedagogical methods.
Arts Engagement Programs improves Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Ambegaonkar Jatin , Dhokai Niyati 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examined how different arts engagement programs compared to control affect health in community-dwelling older adults. 64 adults(71.3 + 4.6years; Dance n=23, Music n=17, Control, n=24) took part in free Dance(Ballroom), Music(Ukulele), or Control(Active social conversation) sessions 2 times/week for 10 weeks. We assessed cognition(Montreal-Cognitive-Assessment-MoCA), physical(Short-Physical-Performance-Battery-SPPB), and Health-Related Quality-of-Life(HRQoL-SF-20) 3 times: (1) before(pre), (2) at the end of 10 weeks(post-1) and (3) 1-month after intervention(post-2). Separate 3(Time)x3(Group) ANOVAs and Bonferroni-pairwise-comparisons examined changes across groups and time(p&lt;.05). Participants’ physical health improved equally across groups(p=.4) and over time(p&lt;.001), specifically from pre(10.5 + 1.4) to post-1(10.7 + 1.3; p=.002), and pre to-post-2(11.3 + 1.0;p&lt;.001). Participants’ cognition improved equally across groups(p=.6) and over time(p&lt;.001) from pre(26.3 + 2.8) to post-1(27.3 + 2.5; p=.002), and pre-to-post-2(27.5 + 2.5;p=.001). Participants’ HRQoL remained similar over time(p=.6) and across groups(p=.7). Overall, participants’ health improved after taking part in arts engagement and social conversation programs. Study findings offer insights about successful implementation of arts-engaged programs in community-dwelling older adults.
Physio-fEedback and Exercise pRogram (PEER) for Shifting Maladaptive Fall Risk Appraisal
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We aimed to examine the effectiveness of Physio-feEdback and Exercise pRogram (PEER) for shifting maladaptive to adaptive fall risk appraisal and determine the feedback and acceptability of the program. Forty-one older adults were assigned to either PEER intervention or attention control (AC) group. The 8-week PEER intervention consists of a visual physio-feedback, cognitive reframing, and combined group and home-based exercise led by a trained peer coach. The AC group read fall prevention brochures and continued their normal activities. BTrackS Balance Test and Fall Efficacy Scale were measured from pre- to post-intervention. About 11% of participants in the PEER group had positive shifting but none in AC group. Up to 32% of the participants in AC had negative shifting while 5.3% in the PEER group. PEER intervention facilitates a shift from maladaptive to adaptive fall risk appraisal. PEER group reported significant decreases in fall risk and high acceptability of the program.
Nutritional Ecology, Nutritional Geometry, and Aging Research
Authors: Raubenheimer David , Simpson Stephen , Couteur David Le 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Substantial advances have been made in understanding both evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of biological ageing, but the two areas remain poorly integrated. I suggest that a greater emphasis on ecology can help to integrate evolutionary and mechanistic research on ageing, by providing insight into the interface between biological mechanisms and the environments in which they evolved. Among the most salient aspects of the environment relevant to ageing is nutrition. And yet in the bulk of ageing research nutrition is coarsely represented as dietary restriction or caloric restriction, without consideration for which components of the diet or which energetic substrates are driving the observed effects. I show how a method developed in nutritional ecology, called the nutritional geometry framework, can help to understand the nutritional interactions of animals with their environments, by explicitly distinguishing the roles of calories, individual nutrients and nutrient balance. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Nutrition Interest Group.
Comparing the Effects of Low-Protein and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Caloric Restriction on Brain Aging in Mice
Authors: Wahl Devin , Raubenheimer David , de Cabo Rafael , Sinclair David , Simpson Stephen , Solon-Biet Samantha , Le Couteur David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN) has revealed that ad-libitum low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diets improve cardiometabolic health and extend lifespan in rodents, but it is not known whether these diets are also beneficial for brain health. Here, we utilized previous results from GFN studies and compared hippocampus biology and memory in mice subjected to 20% calorie restriction (CR) or provided ad-libitum access to several LPHC diets. RNA expression in the hippocampus of 15-month-old mice were similar between mice fed CR and LPHC diets. Nutrient-sensing proteins, including SIRT1, MTOR, and PGC1-alpha, were also influenced by diet; however, the effects varied by sex. CR and LPHC diets were associated with increased dendritic spines in dentate gyrus neurons. Mice fed CR and LPHC diets had modest improvements in the Barnes maze spatial recognition memory paradigm and novel object recognition test. LPHC diets recapitulate some of the benefits of CR on brain aging. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Nutrition Interest Group.
HIV and Older Adults: Evolving Into a Manageable Condition
Authors: Emlet Charles 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
I was fortunate to serve at the HIV and Aging Interest Convener from 2000 until 2008 and co-convener from 2009 until 2012. During this period, we began to see the full and positive impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatments creating highly sought longevity for older adults. During that time, the numbers of people over the age of 50, living with HIV, climbed from an estimated 81,103 to 330,843. HIV was identified by President Clinton as a national security threat while the CDC unveiled a new plan for HIV prevention. In 2006 the CDC released revised HIV testing recommendations for those 18-64 years of age to include opt out testing, stopping short of recommending HIV testing for older people. HIV sessions at GSA’s Annual Scientific meeting continued to broaden and evolve. Part of a symposium sponsored by the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Interest Group.
Causes and Mechanisms Underlying Disparities and Time Trends in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Hill Carl , Arbeev Konstantin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of the Symposium is to make progress in understanding the causes and mechanisms of health-related disparities in Alzheimer’s disease, related dementias and other prominent age-related diseases. Topics will cover a range of academic and administrative topics including: i) partitioning analysis of disparities and time trends in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia; ii) a structural model approach to ethnic disparities in dementia and its assessment; iii) traumatic brain injury and dementia in the Medicare population: differences in genotype and phenotype-related risk between veteran and non-veteran subsets; iv) geographic disparities in county-level prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease across the United States; and v) the role of comorbidities in the geographic disparities of AD/ADRD mortality. A focus will be made on evaluating patterns of race/ethnicity and geographic health disparities as well as changes in time trends in AD/ADRD prevalence and mortality; identifying the causes and describing the mechanisms of these respective processes, and demonstrating how they can be identified in studies using established administrative data resources such as Medicare claims databases; and demonstrating how innovative analytic approaches such as partitioning analyses, structural model approaches, and methods of latent data analyses can be used in conjunction with empirical and regression approaches to uncover previously overlooked or understudied aspects in this area of research. Analyses of such increasingly available large health datasets provides an opportunity to obtain nationally representative results based on individual-level measures that reflect the real care-related and epidemiological processes generating disparities and time trends in AD/ADRD health outcomes.