bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to determine nuclear magnetic resonanceT2cutoff value of tight sandstone reservoir based on multifractal analysis
Authors: Hu Yunbing , Guo Yinghai , Zhang Junjian , Shangguan Jingwen , Li Mi , Quan Fangkai , Li Guanlin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)T2cutoff value is an important parameter for pore structure evaluation. It is complicated and uneconomical to obtainT2cutoff value by an experimental method; therefore, it is necessary to explore a prediction method ofT2cutoff value. In this paper, 10 samples of tight gas reservoirs in the eastern Ordos Basin were selected, and then saturation and centrifugal experiments of nuclear magnetic resonance were carried out. On this basis, multifractal theory was introduced to calculate the multifractal characteristics of the NMRT2spectrum of each sample, and the relationship between multifractal parameters andT2value was analyzed. The influencing factors of theT2cutoff value were clarified, and the prediction model of theT2cutoff value was constructed accordingly. The results show that theT2spectra of sandstones in the study area can be divided into three types: single steeple peak, double steeple peak, and irregular double peak. The pore diameter of the three types is 1 nm ~ 3×104 nm, 1 nm ~ 104 nm and 1 nm ~ 4×103 nm, respectively. TheT2cutoff value ranges from 9.72 to 35.16 ms. The correlation analysis suggests that the symmetrical fractal dimension difference and symmetrical multifractal dimension ratio (Dmin−Dmax, Dmin/Dmax) shows a positive linear correlation with theT2cutoff value. The value ofT2cutoff gradually decreases with the increase of the flow zone indicator (FZI). Therefore, three parameters, including symmetrical fractal dimension difference, symmetrical multifractal number ratio, andFZIare optimized, and the prediction model for the NMRT2cutoff value of sandstone samples in the study area is proposed. The introduction of porosity‐related parameters compensates for the shortcomings of previousT2cutoff value prediction models. At the same time, the prediction model is proven to be accurate and reliable by testing the measured data of the samples near the study area. The results of this paper can be used for further study of the NMRT2cutoff value prediction of tight sandstone reservoirs in different areas.
CACC: Context‐aware congestion control approach for lightweight CoAP/UDP‐based Internet of Things traffic
Authors: Akpakwu Godfrey A. , Hancke Gerhard P. , Abu‐Mahfouz Adnan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the emerging applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), a congestion control mechanism becomes a critical phenomenon for efficient communication in networks of constrained devices. The Internet Engineering Task Force developed the constrained application protocol (CoAP) as a standard communication protocol that favors lightweight interoperability for accommodating resource‐constrained devices. However, the base CoAP specification congestion control is insensitive to various network conditions. Thus, differentiating the scenario of packet loss due to bit error rate and congestion, and identifying correct round trip time (RTT) of retransmitted message‐acknowledgement is quite essential to adapt the CoAP behavior based on the network status. In this paper, we present a context‐aware congestion control (CACC) approach for lightweight CoAP/user datagram protocol–based IoT traffic. The CACC proposes mechanisms that include retransmission timeout (RTO) estimator, retransmission count–based smoothed round‐trip‐time observation, lower bound RTO restriction approach, and aging concept. The proposed RTO estimators utilize the strong, weak, and failed RTT to identify exact network status and provide adaptive congestion control. The CACC incorporates the variable of retransmission count in request‐response interaction model to mitigate the negative variation in RTT due to the fluctuation in the IoT environment. Moreover, with lower bound RTO restriction approach, the unnecessary spurious retransmissions are avoided, and the aging mechanism limits the validity of the RTO value to improve the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The proposed model is validated against baseline CoAP and CoCoA+ using Contiki OS and the Cooja simulator. The results are impressive under different network topologies.
In vitro study of the antioxidative and antiproliferative capabilities of Lactobacillus casei 16‐fermented soymilk
Authors: Qian Fang , Zhang Jiang , Hou Kairong , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Zifei , Luo Pengjie , Tuo Yanfeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, soymilk was fermented with Lactobacillus casei 16. The contents of aglycone isoflavones, saponins, total phenolic, and free amino acid in the fermented soymilk, and the protection for the HepG2 cells against 2,2'‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP) damage and the antiproliferative effects of the fermented soymilk on the HT‐29 cells and Caco‐2 cells were studied. The results showed that the levels of total phenolic, aglycone isoflavones, and free amino acids in the L. casei 16‐fermented soymilk were enhanced. The ethanol extract and the water extract of the L. casei 16‐fermented soymilk showed protection for HepG2 cells against ABAP damage and inhibited the proliferation of the HT‐29 cells and Caco‐2 cells, which may be attributed to the enhanced level of total phenolic, aglycone isoflavones, and free amino acids in the L. casei 16‐fermented soymilk.
Sustained post‐seismic effects on groundwater flow in fractured carbonate aquifers in Central Italy
Authors: Mastrorillo Lucia , Saroli Michele , Viaroli Stefano , Banzato Francesca , Valigi Daniela , Petitta Marco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA sustained increase in spring discharges was monitored after the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence in the fractured carbonate aquifer of Valnerina–Sibillini Mts. The groundwater surplus recorded between August 2016 and November 2017 was determined to be between 400 and 500 × 106 m3. In fractured aquifers, the post‐seismic rise in spring discharges is generally attributed to an increase in bulk permeability caused by the fracture cleaning effect, which is induced by pore pressure propagation. In the studied aquifers, the large amount of additional discharge cannot only be attributed to the enhanced permeability, which was evaluated to be less than 20% after each main seismic event. A detailed analysis of the spring discharge hydrographs and of the water level at five gauging stations was carried out to determine the possible causes of this sudden increase in groundwater outflow. Taking into account the geological and structural framework, a conceptual model of a basin‐in‐series has been adopted to describe the complex hydrogeological setting, where the thrusts and extensional faults have clearly influenced the groundwater flow directions before and after the seismic sequence. The prevalent portion of the total post‐seismic discharge surplus not explained by the increase in permeability has been attributed to changes in the hydraulic gradient that caused seismogenic fault rupture and the disruption in the upgradient sector of the aquifer. The additional flow calculated through the breach of the pre‐existing hydrostructural barrier corresponds to approximately 470 × 106 m3. This value is consistent with the total discharge increase measured in the whole study area, validating the proposed conceptual model. Consequently, a shift in the piezometric divide of the hydrogeological system has been induced, causing a potentially permanent change that lowers the discharge amount of the eastern springs.
Clinical and Biochemical Phenotypes in a Family With ENPP1 Mutations
Authors: Kotwal Anupam , Ferrer Alejandro , Kumar Rajiv , Singh Ravinder J , Murthy Vishakantha , Schultz-Rogers Laura , Zimmermann Michael , Lanpher Brendan , Zimmerman Kristin , Stabach Paul R , Klee Eric , Braddock Demetrios T , Wermers Robert A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Inactivating mutations of the ENPP1 gene are associated with generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and less often autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2). We aimed to investigate the spectrum of phenotypes in a family with monoallelic and biallelic mutations of ENPP1 after identification through whole exome sequencing of a 54-year-old female with biallelic mutation of ENPP1, c.323G &gt; T; p.Cys108Phe and c.1441C &gt; T; p.Arg481Trp. Including the proband, 2 subjects had biallelic mutations, 5 had monoallelic mutations, and 2 had no mutation of ENPP1. The maternal mutation, a known pathogenic variant associated with GACI, was found in 3 subjects with monoallelic mutations, while the paternal mutation, which was not previously reported, was present in 2 subjects with monoallelic mutations. Both subjects with biallelic mutations had bowing of bilateral femurs, periarticular mineral deposition, normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism with multigland parathyroidectomy, increased carotid intima-media thickness, and enthesopathy was also noted in one subject. Intact FGF23 was elevated in both subjects with biallelic mutations, while C-terminal FGF23 was only elevated in one and PPi was reduced in one. Subjects with monoallelic mutations did not have periarticular calcifications or bone deformities. To conclude, patients with biallelic GACI causing mutations can survive well into adulthood, and despite the same biallelic ENPP1 pathogenic variants, clinical and biochemical manifestations can significantly differ, and include enthesopathy and primary hyperparathyroidism, which have not been previously described. Although carriers of monoallelic ENPP1 variants appear unaffected by classic disease manifestations, there may be subtle biochemical and clinical findings that warrant further investigation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
LIGHT/TNFSF14 Promotes Osteolytic Bone Metastases in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Brunetti Giacomina , Belisario Dimas C , Bortolotti Sara , Storlino Giuseppina , Colaianni Graziana , Faienza Maria F , Sanesi Lorenzo , Alliod Valentina , Buffoni Lucio , Centini Elisa , Voena Claudia , Pulito Roberta , Novello Silvia , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Rizzi Rita , Mori Giorgio , Reseland Janne E , Ware Carl F , Colucci Silvia , Ferracini Riccardo , Grano Maria , Roato Ilaria 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), LIGHT, is a component of the cytokine network that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, which promote homeostasis of lymphoid organs, liver, and bone. Metastatic tumors often disrupt the tissue microenvironment, thus altering the homeostasis of the invaded organ; however, the underlying mechanisms required further studies. We investigated the role of LIGHT in osteolytic bone disease induced by metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients diagnosed with NSCLC bone metastasis show significantly higher levels of LIGHT expressed in monocytes compared with non-bone metastatic tumors and healthy controls. Serum LIGHT levels were also higher in patients with bone metastases than in controls, suggesting a role for LIGHT in stimulating osteoclast precursors. In bone metastatic patients, we also detected increased RNA expression and serum RANKL levels, thus by adding anti-LIGHT or RANK–fragment crystallizable region (RANK-Fc) in PBMC cultures, a significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was observed. To model this observation in mice, we used the mouse lung cancer cell line LLC-1. After intratibial implantation, wild-type mice showed an increased number of osteoclasts but reduced numbers of osteoblasts and decreased osteoid formation. In contrast, Tnfsf14−/− mice showed no significant bone loss or other changes in bone homeostasis associated with this model. These data indicate LIGHT is a key control mechanism for regulating bone homeostasis during metastatic invasion. Thus, LIGHT may be a novel therapeutic target in osteolytic bone metastases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Irisin Prevents Disuse-Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Storlino Giuseppina , Colaianni Graziana , Sanesi Lorenzo , Lippo Luciana , Brunetti Giacomina , Errede Mariella , Colucci Silvia , Passeri Giovanni , Grano Maria 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Previous results showed that intermittently administered irisin improves bone mass in normal mice and prevents the development of disuse-induced osteoporosis and muscular atrophy in hindlimb-suspended mice, a murine model able to mimic the absence of mechanical loading. A recent study showed that irisin increases survival of osteocytes acting through integrin αV/β5 receptors. To better understand the action of irisin on these cells, we investigated the downstream signaling cascades in osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4) treated with recombinant irisin (rec-irisin) in vitro and we analyzed survival of osteocytes and caspase activation in cortical bone of osteoporotic mice treated with rec-irisin in vivo. Our results revealed that rec-irisin activated the MAP kinases Erk1 and Erk2 and increased the expression of the transcription factor Atf4 (2.5-fold, p &lt; .05) through an Erk-dependent pathway in osteocytes. Some key genes expressed by MLO-Y4 cells were modulated by long-term irisin treatment, either continuously administered or given with intermittent short pulses. Interestingly, Sost mRNA was severely downregulated only upon intermittent irisin administration (10-fold, p &lt; .001). Furthermore, rec-irisin upregulated Tfam mRNA (fourfold, p &lt; .05) and Bcl2/Bax ratio (twofold, p &lt; .05) in MLO-Y4 cells. By detecting caspase-9 and caspase-3, we also found that rec-irisin inhibited apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide and dexamethasone, respectively. In cortical bone of unloading C57BL6 mice treated with vehicle (unload-veh), irisin prevented disuse-induced reduction of viable osteocytes (+30% versus unload-veh, p &lt; .05) and increase of empty lacunae (+110% versus unload-veh, p &lt; .05), as well as caspase-9 (threefold, p &lt; .05) and caspase-3 (twofold, p &lt; .05) activations. Our findings revealed underlying mechanisms of irisin action on osteocytes, which increases their functions and exerts anti-apoptotic effects, confirming that mechanosensor cells of bone are sensitive to the exercise-mimetic myokine irisin. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
Schematic representation of irisin's action on osteocytes to activate ERK phosphorylation, which in turn stimulates the increase of Atf4 mRNA levels. A recent study showed that irisin increases survival of osteocytes acting through integrin αV/β5 receptors. To elucidate the action of irisin on osteocytes, we investigated the downstream signaling cascades in MLO-Y4 cells treated with recombinant irisin (rec-irisin). We found that rec-irisin activated the MAP kinases Erk1 and Erk2 and increased the expression of the transcription factor Atf4 through an Erk-dependent pathway in osteocytes.
Theoretical molecular predictions and antimicrobial activities of newly synthesized molecular hybrids of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Kaur Manpreet , Sharad Lakhvir , Bansal Manisha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntibiotics such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are used to treat numerous bacterial infections. The present research work involves the molecular prediction, synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial activities of molecular hybrids of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. First set of compounds involve the substitutions of various amines at third position of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. On the other hand, second set of molecular hybrids include the substitution of different amines at seventh position along with linker (─COCH2─). These synthesized compounds were identified by TLC technique and well characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and ESI‐MS. Molecular prediction of these newly synthesized compounds have been carried out using the SwissADME, ADMETLab software. Their cytotoxicity parameters have also been studied using Osiris software. It was observed that almost all these molecular hybrids suitable for their drug likeness properties. Further, these newly synthesized compounds were subjected to study their antimicrobial activities in vitro. The third substituted as well as most of seventh substituted molecular hybrids have shown 10‐folds increase in their antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Some of these compounds have also shown their potency when subjected to study their cytotoxicity test against Escherichia coli AB 1157, proficient to prepare damage in DNA.
Comparative study of physicochemical and functional properties of flours from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars grown in Indian temperate climate
Authors: Wani Idrees Ahmed , Andrabi Syed Nowsheen , Sogi Dalbir Singh , Hassan Ifra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present work was conducted to study the physicochemical, functional, and morphological characteristics of flours obtained from two kidney bean (Shalimar Rajmah‐1 and Shalimar Rajmah 132) and two green gram cultivars (Shalimar Moong‐1 [Shal Moong‐1] and Shalimar Moong‐2 [Shal Moong‐2]). Moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents of flours varied at 13.00–14.00, 14.78–25.02, 1.00–2.00, 3.00–4.00, and 56.98–66.22 g/100 g, respectively. Hunter colour “L,” “a,” and “b” values varied in the range of 71.22–82.65, −1.80 to −0.12, and 15.20–22.85, respectively. Swelling index increased from 2.48 at 50°C to 3.76 at 90°C (bean flour) and 2.5 at 50°C to 5.83 at 90°C (green gram flour). Increase in syneresis and decrease in transmittance of flour gels were observed at 4°C during 120h storage period. A significant (p ≤ .05) variation was observed in the peak viscosity (282.0–772.0 cP), trough viscosity (211.0–620 cP), setback viscosity (20.0–112.0 cP), and pasting temperature (67.48–94.93°C). Fourier transform infrared analysis of the flours revealed main absorption bands around 3,275 and 992 cm−1. The lowest and highest gelatinization temperatures were reported in Shal M‐2 and Shal Moong‐1, respectively. G′ and G″ of the flours increased with the increase in frequency depicting gel‐like behaviour. The flour particles were oval or elliptical with rough and irregular surfaces. The study concluded that the green gram flours had higher protein, swelling index, solubility index, syneresis, and pasting properties than had the kidney bean flours. However, higher functional properties like water absorption, foaming, and emulsifying capacities were observed in kidney bean than in green gram flours.
Temporal bone histopathology: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Lin Brian M. , Reinshagen Katherine , Nadol Joseph , Quesnel Alicia M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo present a histopathological case of a 91‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed with superior semicircular canal dehiscence postmortem.MethodsThe patient was a registered donor with the National Temporal Bone Donor Program at the NIDCD National Temporal Bone, Hearing and Balance Pathology Resource Registry. Computed tomography imaging was performed on each temporal bone. The temporal bones were decalcified with ethylenediaminetetracetate and embedded in celloidin, and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Horizontal sections were taken through the left temporal bone, and vertical sections were taken through the right temporal bone.ResultsHistopathological sections taken through the right temporal bone demonstrated no bone between the membranous wall of the superior semicircular canal and the middle fossa dura. There was no histopathological evidence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in the left temporal bone; however, a small dehiscence would not be identified on horizontal sections. Microcavitations were observed in the common crus of the left temporal bone.ConclusionThis reports describes the case of a woman who was diagnosed with superior semicircular canal dehiscence postmortem. The presence of microcavitations in the temporal bone is consistent with osteoclastic activity, which may play a role in the development of superior canal dehiscence.
Long‐term forecast of water temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in deep lakes using artificial neural networks conjugated with wavelet transform
Authors: Saber Ali , James David E. , Hayes Donald F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForecasting water quality in inland waters can improve management practices to protect water resources. This study proposes a novel data‐driven framework to forecast water quality profiles over long time periods in Boulder Basin of Lake Mead, a deep monomictic subtropical lake. Hourly meteorological data were used to estimate lake–atmosphere heat exchange. Heat fluxes combined with 6‐hourly measured water quality profiles up to 106 m depth were used to train six different artificial neural networks to forecast water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity profiles up to 240 d ahead. A model incorporating heat fluxes, winds, and stationary wavelet decomposition generated correlation coefficients > 0.88 and relative errors < 4% throughout the water column for up to 240‐d ahead forecasts. Internal wave motions at the thermocline resulted in larger relative errors of forecasts in the metalimnion compared to other depths. Greater atmospheric influences on water temperature and dissolved oxygen resulted in larger forecast errors compared to conductivity. An autocovariance method successfully determined appropriate forecasting lead times at different depths, improving forecast accuracies.
Mid‐Infrared Photonics Using 2D Materials: Status and Challenges
Authors: Fang Yuanrong , Ge Yanqi , Wang Cong , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of 2‐dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus have been utilized in photonics and optoelectronics applications. Since the mid‐infrared (MIR) region has a significant role in various fields, rapid progress has been made on photonics and optoelectronics applications using 2D materials. Herein, the progress in the photonics devices that exploit the unique properties of 2D materials for a range of MIR applications is summarized, focusing on ultrafast light generation, MIR light modulation, and photodetection. By taking advantage of ultrafast light response, broadband absorption, and high carrier mobility of 2D materials, femtosecond lasers, broadband optical modulators, and high‐responsivity photodetectors are achieved. Some perspectives on 2D material‐based MIR photonics are highlighted. Due to their MIR bandgaps, small size, high carrier mobility, and easy integration, 2D materials are appealing for MIR photonics applications. Moreover, the availability of an increasingly broad library of 2D materials with variable electronic and optical properties, and the ability to be thinned and restacked into functional and complex assembled structures, enable the development of a highly integrated MIR photonic chip, which will make information technology greener, faster, and lower in energy consumption.