bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Fluid Administration Followed by Lung Sonography in Hemodynamic Assessment in Acute Circulatory Failure in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Elkashef Ahmed M. , Elmawy Mohamad G. , Eltomey Mohamed A. , Elzeftawy Ashraf E. , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Early recognition and appropriate treatment of shock have been shown to decrease mortality. Incorporation of bedside ultrasound in patients with undiﬀerentiated shock allows for rapid evaluation of reversible causes of shock and improves accurate diagnosis in undiﬀerentiated hypotension. The aim of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of fluid administration followed by lung sonography in hemodynamic assessment in acute circulatory failure in critically ill patients.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort controlled randomized study was carried out on 50 Critically ill Patients who had acute circulatory failure in intensive care unit Tanta university hospital Critically ill patients of either sex aged 21-60 years when mean blood pressure was below 65 mmHg were included. Patients have been uniformly distributed in 2 categories, The patients assigned either to the Control Group (group I) or to the FALLS (fluid administration limited by lung sonography) protocol group (group II).
Results: Comparison between two groups revealed that, the heart rate showed that heart rate is lower in group II in comparison to group I .Comparison between two groups revealed that, the mean arterial blood pressure changes showed that it is higher in group II in comparison to group I .Comparison between two groups revealed that, the Central venous pressure showed that no significant difference in the base line .Intensive care unit stay in group I ranged between 5 – 11 days while in group II ranged between 3 – 8 days .Survival analysis (Kaplan Mier curve), Mortality at 28 days found in group I mean 21.28 days with SE 1.898 and in group II mean 24 days with SE 1.64 with no significant difference in time but there was significant difference in number of mortalities as discussed before.
Conclusion: We conclude from this study that bedside Lung Ultrasound has a good accuracy and superiority in assessment over other traditionally used methods for detecting early signs of pulmonary congestion and thus guides the fluid administration in shock management to decrease complications, mortality and intensive care stay.
The growth of gossip: Socialization of relational aggression from adolescence to emerging adulthood
Authors: Coyne Sarah M. , Swit Cara , Stockdale Laura , Summers Kjersti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe extant literature suggests that relational aggression appears in early childhood, and gradually increases throughout adolescence. However, very little research has examined the growth of relational aggression from adolescence to emerging adulthood. In addition, research generally examines socializing factors of relational aggression, such as parenting, peers, siblings, or media in isolation. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine these socializing factors conjunctively as predictors of the growth of relational aggression over time. Participants consisted of 500 adolescents who completed several questionnaires over a 7‐year period (between ages 14–20 on average). Results revealed that the vast majority of individuals (88%) showed low levels of relational aggression that decreased over time. Conversely, a small proportion of individuals (12%) had high, increasing levels of relational aggression between adolescence and emerging adulthood. High levels of maternal psychological control, sibling hostility, and relational aggression in the media at the initial time point all predicted being in the high and increasing group.
Cationic Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [2+2+1] Cycloaddition of Diynes
Authors: Morimoto Tsumoru , Jia JingWen , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Tanimoto Hiroki , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe Rh(I)‐catalyzed carbonylative [2+2+1] cycloaddition reactions of diynes with CO to give cyclopentadienone derivatives (CPDs). Previous reports on the use of neutral rhodium(I) complexes, such as [RhCl(cod)]2 and RhCl(PPh3)3, indicate that no CPD products are formed or that they are produced in low yields, even at elevated temperatures. The reaction described herein, which uses a cationic rhodium(I) complex, [Rh(cod)2]BF4, as a catalyst, proceeds smoothly at room temperature to give cyclopentadienone derivatives. The key to this is the use the cationic rhodium(I) complex as a catalyst, which produces an additional coordination site on the rhodium for the substrate (a diyne) to approach, than neutral rhodium complexes.
Coverage‐Dependent Behaviors of Vanadium Oxides for Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation
Authors: Chen Sai , Pei Chunlei , Chang Xin , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Mu Rentao , Xu Yiyi , Gong Jinlong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemical looping provides an energy‐ and cost‐effective route for alkane utilization. However, there is considerable CO2 co‐production caused by kinetically mismatched O2− bulk diffusion and surface reaction in current chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation systems, rendering a decreased olefin productivity. Sub‐monolayer or monolayer vanadia nanostructures are successfully constructed to suppress CO2 production in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by evading the interference of O2− bulk diffusion (monolayer versus multi‐layers). The highly dispersed vanadia nanostructures on titanium dioxide support showed over 90 % propylene selectivity at 500 °C, exhibiting turnover frequency of 1.9×10−2 s−1, which is over 20 times greater than that of conventional crystalline V2O5. Combining in situ spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations, we reveal the loading–reaction barrier relationship through the vanadia/titanium interfacial interaction.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Unstabilized Benzyl Nucleophiles
Authors: Pal Debasis , Wright Timothy B. , O'Connor Ryan , Evans P. Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have developed a highly regio‐ and diastereoselective rhodium‐catalyzed allylic substitution of challenging alkyl‐substituted secondary allylic carbonates with benzylzinc reagents, which are prepared from widely available benzyl halides. This process utilizes rhodium(III) chloride as a commercially available, high‐oxidation state and bench‐stable pre‐catalyst to provide a rare example of a regio‐ and diastereoselective allylic substitution in the absence of an exogenous ligand. This reaction tolerates electronically diverse benzylzinc nucleophiles and an array of functionalized and/or challenging aliphatic allylic electrophiles. Finally, the configurational fluxionality of the rhodium‐allyl intermediate is exploited to develop a novel diastereoselective process for the construction of vicinal acyclic ternary/ternary stereogenic centers, in addition to a cyclic ternary/quaternary derivative.
Discovery of a Chiral DNA‐Targeted Platinum–Acridine Agent with Potent Enantioselective Anticancer Activity
Authors: Zhang Shenjie , Yao Xiyuan , Watkins Noah H. , Rose P. Keegan , Caruso Sofia R. , Day Cynthia S. , Bierbach Ulrich 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA structure–activity relationship study was performed for a set of rigidified platinum–acridine anticancer agents containing linkers derived from chiral pyrrolidine and piperidine scaffolds. Screening a library of microscale reactions and selected resynthesized compounds in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells showed that cytotoxicities varied by more than three orders of magnitude. A potent hit compound was discovered containing a (R)‐N‐(piperidin‐3‐yl) linker (P2‐6R), which killed NCI‐H460 and A549 lung cancer cells 100 times more effectively than the S enantiomer (P2‐6S). P2‐6R accumulated in A549 cells significantly faster and produced 50‐fold higher DNA adduct levels than P2‐6S. Ligand similarity analysis suggests that only module 6R may be compatible with strainless monofunctional intercalative binding. NCI‐60 screening and COMPARE analysis highlights the spectrum of activity and potential utility of P2‐6R for treating NSCLC and other solid tumors.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Hydroamidation of Styrenes to Branched Amides
Authors: Yuan Yang , Wu Fu‐Peng , Schünemann Claas , Holz Jens , Kamer Paul C. J. , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmides are one of the most ubiquitous functional groups in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Novel and rapid synthesis of amides remains in high demand. In this communication, a general and efficient procedure for branch‐selective hydroamidation of vinylarenes with hydroxyamine derivatives enabled by copper catalysis has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Applying a chiral phosphine ligand, an enantioselective variant of this transformation was achieved, affording a variety of chiral α‐amides with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and high yields.
Nucleotide‐Selective Templated Self‐Assembly of Nanoreactors under Dissipative Conditions
Authors: Chandrabhas Sushmitha , Maiti Subhabrata , Fortunati Ilaria , Ferrante Camilla , Gabrielli Luca , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNature adopts complex chemical networks to finely tune biochemical processes. Indeed, small biomolecules play a key role in regulating the flux of metabolic pathways. Chemistry, which was traditionally focused on reactions in simple mixtures, is dedicating increasing attention to the network reactivity of highly complex synthetic systems, able to display new kinetic phenomena. Herein, we show that the addition of monophosphate nucleosides to a mixture of amphiphiles and reagents leads to the selective templated formation of self‐assembled structures, which can accelerate a reaction between two hydrophobic reactants. The correct matching between nucleotide and the amphiphile head group is fundamental for the selective formation of the assemblies and for the consequent up‐regulation of the chemical reaction. Transient stability of the nanoreactors is obtained under dissipative conditions, driven by enzymatic dephosphorylation of the templating nucleotides. These results show that small molecules can play a key role in modulating network reactivity, by selectively templating self‐assembled structures that are able to up‐regulate chemical reaction pathways.
In Situ Ligand Bonding Management of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Enables High‐Performance Photovoltaics and Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shi Junwei , Li Fangchao , Jin Yan , Liu Cheng , Cohen‐Kleinstein Ben , Yuan Shuai , Li Youyong , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo fine‐tune surface ligands towards high‐performance devices, we developed an in situ passivation process for all‐inorganic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) by using a bifunctional ligand, L‐phenylalanine (L‐PHE). Through the addition of this ligand into the precursor solution during synthesis, the in situ treated CsPbI3 QDs display significantly reduced surface states, increased vacancy formation energy, higher photoluminescence quantum yields, and much improved stability. Consequently, the L‐PHE passivated CsPbI3 QDs enabled the realization of QD solar cells with an optimal efficiency of 14.62 % and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.21 %, respectively, demonstrating the great potential of ligand bonding management in improving the optoelectronic properties of solution‐processed perovskite QDs.
An Innovative Hydrogen Peroxide‐Sensing Scaffold and Insight Towards its Potential as an ROS‐Activated Persulfide Donor
Authors: Hankins Rynne A. , Suarez S. Israel , Kalk Madison A. , Green Nolan M. , Harty Megan N. , Lukesh John C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReactive sulfur species, such as hydrogen sulfide, persulfides, and polysulfides, have recently emerged as key signaling molecules and important physiological mediators within mammalian systems. To better assess the therapeutic potential of their exogenous administration, we report on the development of a unique hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐sensing motif and its capacity for providing cellular protection against oxidative stress while serving as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated persulfide donor. With the strategic implementation of a gem‐dimethyl group to promote both stability and cyclization, we found the initial rate of payload release from this newly derived scaffold to be directly proportional to the concentration of H2O2 and to proceed via an unprecedented pathway that avoids the production of electrophilic byproducts, a severe limitation that has plagued the physiological application of previous designs.
High thermal conductivity of liquid crystalline monomer‐poly (vinyl alcohol) dispersion films containing microscopic‐ordered structure
Authors: Li Chenggong , Li Ying , Gong Changdan , Ruan Kunpeng , Zhong Xiao , Pan Pan , Liu Chao , Gu Junwei , Shi Xuetao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of bulk polymers is usually very low, which is due to the amorphous domains where chains are randomly entangled, improving the degree of the chain alignment and forming a continuous thermal conduction network are expected to enhance the thermal conductivity. A series of liquid crystalline monomer‐poly (vinyl alcohol) dispersion (MDLC) films with high thermal conductivity containing microscopic‐ordered structure were prepared by introducing a highly ordered liquid crystalline monomer (LCM) exhibiting Smectic phase. The thermal conductivity of MDLC films was strongly related to the amount of LCM, which firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of LCM content. The thermal conductivity of MDLC film reached up to 1.20 W m−1 K−1 when the content of LCM was 15 wt% and rapidly decreased to 0.85 W m−1 K−1 as the content of LCM further increased to 25 wt%. LCM with low content (1–15 wt%) showed good fluidity, dispersity and interfacial compatibility in PVA molecular chains, which further increases the regularity of molecular chains alignment.
A green resin acid ester surfactant from colophony and xylitol: Synthesis, self‐assembly in nonaqueous solvents, and thermodynamics
Authors: Qiu Hong , Chen Xiaopeng , Wei Xiaojie , Liang Jiezhen , Zhou Dan , Tang Weixiang , Wang Linlin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn environmental friendly oil‐soluble surfactant colophony xylitol ester (CXE) is first synthesized from natural colophony and xylitol with the use of hot‐compressed water and subcritical CO2 in a steel autoclave. In this solvent‐free system, the conversion of the reaction was up to 90.30% in 4 h. Thermal gravimetric analysis determine that its thermal stability was as high as 310°C. CXE is effective in reducing the surface tension of six different organic solvents. The greatest effect of surface tension reduction by CXE is in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide, the surface tension of the surfactant solution was as low as 36.26 mN/m at its critical micelle concentration value of 7.49 mM; The greatest effect of interfacial tension reduction by CXE is in the case of turpentine and water, the interfacial tension low to 1.51 mN/m. Furthermore, transmission electron microscope and particle size measurement showed that CXE is successfully self‐assembled into micelles, vesicles, and heteromorphic vesicles in six kinds of organic solvents. Finally, the critical micelle concentration curves at different temperatures provided the thermodynamic parameters of the aggregate formation, found that , , and are negative and increased as the temperature increased.
Potential regulatory implications of Health Canada's new lead guideline
Authors: Locsin Javier M. , Trueman Benjamin F. , Serracin‐Pitti Dallys , Stanton Gillian M. L. , Gagnon Graham A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHealth Canada's guideline for lead in drinking water was updated in March 2019. Two new sampling protocols were introduced—random daytime and 30‐min stagnation sampling—and the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of lead in drinking water was decreased from 10 to 5 μg/L. This study examined the possible impacts that changes in the guideline might have on water utilities in Canada. A lead‐monitoring survey of seven drinking water distribution systems was conducted using the random daytime and 30‐min stagnation protocols. Random daytime sampling captured an estimated 45% more lead than 30‐min stagnation sampling. However, both protocols yielded samples above the new MAC: 7.5% and 5.4% of random daytime and 30‐min stagnation samples, respectively, exceeded it. These data indicate that some drinking water providers—especially those supplying systems with legacy lead plumbing—may have difficulty achieving 100% compliance with the new guideline.
Random packing material in disinfection contactors: Effects on final drinking water quality
Authors: Baker Jessica L. , De Long Susan K. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the concern about biofilm growth on random packing material (RPM) used to enhance the hydraulic disinfection efficiency of a chlorine contactor. The inflow, outflow, and RPM were monitored for heterotrophic bacteria (via heterotrophic plate counts) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as indicators of bacteriological water quality and the presence of biofilm. The results of this study show that there was no substantial biofilm growth in a lab‐scale chlorine contactor and no substantial increase in bacterial counts for the bulk outflow over a 10‐week period. Thus, the potential for excessive biofilm growth should not be considered a barrier concerning the use of RPM to improve the hydraulic disinfection efficiency of chlorine contactors in small drinking water treatment systems.
Harnessing interdisciplinary education in biochemistry and molecular biology: Key note presentation—IUBMB/PSBMB 2019 Education Conference
Authors: Padolina William G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRemarks from the keynote presentation 2019 IUBMB Education Conference, held in conjunction with the 46th Annual Convention of the Philippine Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. William G. Padolina, 13 November 2019.
Social distance teaching and learning: An online DNA nucleotide binding lab experience for health sciences and non‐major students
Authors: Mahaffey Angela L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDNA analysis is a common diagnostic tool in healthcare: ranging from microbial typing (e.g. DNA strands of viral, bacterial and even fungal pathogens), oncological screen (e.g. Breast cancer detection via DNA analysis of any BRCA gene mutations), genetic amniocentesis test (a medical technique used in determining chromosomal conditions such as down syndrome in the fetus) and a host of other medical diagnostics based on the knowledge of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the genetic information carried in this macromolecule. However, such a wide‐range of medical diagnostic mechanisms using DNA begs the question: How much does the undergraduate health sciences and/or non‐major students understand about the basic biochemical properties of DNA? Here, a virtual lab module was used (with the addition of Pre and Post Lab Questions and a Discussion Topic relating DNA to Healthcare) along with a learning management system, to help undergraduate health sciences students visualize the biochemical properties of DNA molecule, such as binding constant and Gibbs free energy of binding. This lab was adapted to offer a platform on which an Instructor can design steps for students to explore the DNA nucleotide binding module during a time in which social distance curricula is necessary.
Mobile cancer prevention and early detection outreach in Uganda: Partnering with communities toward bridging the cancer health disparities through “asset‐based community development model”
Authors: Jatho Alfred , Mugisha Noleb M. , Kafeero James , Holoya George , Okuku Fred , Niyonzima Nixon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommunities in low‐income countries are characterized by limited access to cancer prevention and early detection services, even for the commonest types of cancer. Limited resources for cancer control are one of the contributors to cancer health disparities. We explored the feasibility and benefit of conducting outreaches in partnership with local communities using the “asset‐based community development (ABCD)” model.MethodsWe analyzed the quarterly Uganda cancer institute (UCI) community outreach cancer health education and screening output reported secondary data without individual identifiers from July 2016 to June 2019 to compare the UCI‐hospital‐based and community outreach cancer awareness and screening services based on the ABCD model.ResultsFrom July 2016 to June 2019, we worked with 107 local partners and conducted 151 outreaches. Of the total number of people who attended cancer health education sessions, 201 568 (77.9%) were reached through outreaches. Ninety‐two (95%) cancer awareness TVs and radio talk‐shows conducted were sponsored by local partners. Of the total people screened; 22 795 (63.0%) cervical, 22 014 (64.4%) breast, and 4904 (38.7%) prostate screening were reached through community outreach model. The screen‐positive rates were higher in hospital‐based screening except for Prostate screening; cervical, 8.8%, breast, 8.4%, prostate, 7.1% than in outreaches; cervical, 3.2%, breast, 2.2%, prostate, 8.2%. Of the screened positive clients who were eligible for precancer treatment like cryotherapy for treatment of precervical cancer lesions, thousands‐folds monetary value and productive life saved relative to the market cost of cancer treatment and survival rate in Uganda. When the total number of clients screened for cervical, breast, and prostate cancer are subjected to the incremental cost of specific screening, a greater portion (98.7%) of the outreach cost was absorbed through community partnership.ConclusionsOutreaching and working in collaboration with communities as partners through asset‐based community development model are feasible and help in cost‐sharing and leverage for scarce resources to promote primary prevention and early detection of cancer. This could contribute to bridging the cancer health disparities in the target populations.
Gender differences in self‐reported family history of cancer: A review and secondary data analysis
Authors: Sieverding Monika , Arbogast Anna Lisa , Zintel Stephanie , von Wagner Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of family history of cancer (FHC) mostly relies on self‐report. Our goal was to find out whether there is a systematic gender difference in self‐reported FHC.MethodsWe identified nine population‐based studies which provided statistics of FHC in men and women (N1 = 404 541). Furthermore, we analyzed data (N2 = 167 154) from several iterations of the US‐based Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We calculated the proportion of positive FHC, odds ratios (OR M/F), 95% confidence intervals, and aggregated statistics. We additionally analyzed in‐depth questions about FHC from HINTS 5 Cycle 2.ResultsIn the reviewed studies the odds of men reporting a FHC were lower compared with the odds of women with an average OR of 0.84 [0.71; 1.00] across all studies and an OR of 0.75 [0.70; 0.80] for the six studies from the US and Europe. The gender gap was replicated in our own analyses of HINTS and NHIS with an average OR of 0.75 [0.71; 0.79]. In HINTS 5 Cycle 2 men described themselves as less familiar with their FHC and less confident answering questions regarding FHC. They were also less likely to discuss FHC with family members.ConclusionsMen— at least in the US and Europe—were consistently less likely to report FHC compared with women. Future research should investigate how the assessment of FHC can be improved to reduce these differences. Health care professionals should also consider the potential for biased reporting by gender when assessing FHC.