bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for biomaterials to address the challenges of COVID‐19
Authors: Chakhalian Daniel , Shultz Robert B. , Miles Catherine E. , Kohn Joachim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has revealed major shortcomings in our ability to mitigate transmission of infectious viral disease and provide treatment to patients, resulting in a public health crisis. Within months of the first reported case in China, the virus has spread worldwide at an unprecedented rate. COVID‐19 illustrates that the biomaterials community was engaged in significant research efforts against bacteria and fungi with relatively little effort devoted to viruses. Accordingly, biomaterials scientists and engineers will have to participate in multidisciplinary antiviral research over the coming years. Although tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have historically dominated the field of biomaterials, current research holds promise for providing transformative solutions to viral outbreaks. To facilitate collaboration, it is imperative to establish a mutual language and adequate understanding between clinicians, industry partners, and research scientists. In this article, clinical perspectives are shared to clearly define emerging healthcare needs that can be met by biomaterials solutions. Strategies and opportunities for novel biomaterials intervention spanning diagnostics, treatment strategies, vaccines, and virus‐deactivating surface coatings are discussed. Ultimately this review serves as a call for the biomaterials community to become a leading contributor to the prevention and management of the current and future viral outbreaks.
Rosmarinic acid attenuates chromium‐induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage and DNA damage in rats
Authors: Khalaf Azem A. , Hassanen Eman I. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Tohamy Adel F. , Aboseada Mahmoud A. , Hassan Hossam M. , Zaki Amr R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHexavelant chromium (Cr (V1)) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant inducing damage in different organs of human and animals. The current study was designed to investigate the mechanistic role of rosmarinic acid (RA) to diminish chromium‐induced hepatorenal oxidative damage and preneoplastic lesions in rats. Plant material was collected, identified, and extracted. The isolated RA was elucidated relying on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Twenty‐eight male Wistar rats received the following materials daily via oral gavage for 60 days; (Gp1): normal saline, (Gp2) 25 mg/kg.bwt RA, (Gp3) 10 mg/kg.bwt potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), (Gp4) K2Cr2O7 + RA. All rats were euthanized at the end of the experiment by cervical dislocation and the liver and kidney were collected. Prolonged continuous exposure of rats to chromium‐induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance manifested by significant elevation of malondialdehyde with reduction in reduced glutathione levels. Remarkable histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue sections were recorded and confirmed by overexpression of the immunohistochemical staining of caspase‐3, placental glutathione‐S transferase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen together with a significant downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and upregulation of nibrin gene. Observable improvements in the entire toxicopathological parameters were recorded in group cotreated with RA. Our findings revealed that Cr‐induced preneoplastic lesions on the liver and kidney tissues of rats when exposed daily for long period of time, as well as confirmed the ability of RA to alleviate this toxicity through upregulation of Nrf2 pathway and its powerful antioxidant effects.
Arsenic(III) mixed derivatives having oximes and morpholinedithiocarbamate along with their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant studies
Authors: Beniwal Savita , Sangwan Reena , Singh Yashpal , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsecutive substitution reactions of arsenic(III)chloride with sodium salts of various oximes and morpholinedithiocarbamate (morphdtc) were carried out in 1:2:1 stoichiometry to obtain six new arsenic(III) mixed derivatives of the type: [(R)(R1)C = NO]2Sb[S2CN(CH2CH2)2O] [where R is –C6H5, R1 = –CH3 (1); R = –C6H4CH3, R1 = –CH3 (2); R = –C6H4Cl, R1 = –CH3 (3); R = –C6H4Br, R1 = –CH3 (4); R = –C6H4OH, R1 = –H (5); R(R1)C =  (6)]. These derivatives are characterized by elemental and physicochemical analyses and the tentative distorted trigonalbipyramidal geometry around arsenic assigned using spectral data of infrared (1H, 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography‐mass. Powder X‐ray diffraction study revealed their nanoranged particle size to be approximately 40 nm and crystalline nature. These derivatives examined against microbes and results revealed that these derivatives expressed more antifungal potential than antibacterial. The antioxidant activity was carried out by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, and the cytotoxic study was performed in 3T3 fibroblast cell lines by tetrazolium‐based colorimetric assay.
Recent developments in the methods of quantitative analysis of microcystins
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Rautela Akhil , Kesari Vigya , Szlag David , Westrick Judy , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyanotoxins are produced by the toxic cyanobacterial species present in algal blooms formed in water bodies due to nutrient over‐enrichment by human influences and natural environmental conditions. Extensive studies are available on the most widely encountered cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) in fresh and brackish water bodies. MC contaminated water poses severe risks to human health, environmental sustainability, and aquatic life. Therefore, commonly occurring MCs should be monitored. Occasionally, detection and quantification of these toxins are difficult due to the unavailability of pure standards. Enzymatic, immunological assays, and analytical techniques like protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, high‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and biosensors are used for their detection and quantification. There is no single method for the detection of all the different types of MCs; therefore, various techniques are often combined to yield reliable results. Biosensor development offered a problem‐solving approach in the detection of MCs due to their high accuracy, sensitivity, rapid response, and portability. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover emerging techniques used for the detection and quantification of the MCs.
On split graphs with three or four distinct (normalized) Laplacian eigenvalues
Authors: Li Shuchao , Sun Wanting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is well known to us that a graph of diameter has at least eigenvalues. A graph is said to be Laplacian (resp, normalized Laplacian) ‐extremal if it is of diameter having exactly distinct Laplacian (resp, normalized Laplacian) eigenvalues. A graph is split if its vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and a stable set. Each split graph is of diameter at most 3. In this paper, we completely classify the connected bidegreed Laplacian (resp, normalized Laplacian) 2‐extremal (resp, 3‐extremal) split graphs using the association of split graphs with combinatorial designs. Furthermore, we identify connected bidegreed split graphs of diameter 2 having just four Laplacian (resp, normalized Laplacian) eigenvalues.
Low serum albumin is an independent risk factor in elderly patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma: Results from prospective trials of the German High‐Grade Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Hohloch Karin , Ziepert Marita , Truemper Lorenz , Buske Christian , Held Gerhard , Poeschel Viola , Chapuy Bjoern , Altmann Bettina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSerum albumin a well‐known risk factor predicting outcome in many solid tumors. We explore the role of low serum albumin (≤3.5 g/dL) as an independent risk factor in elderly patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma. Outcome of 429 patients treated with R‐CHOP‐14 in the RICOVER‐60 trial and available serum albumin were analyzed in this retrospective study. Of the 429 patients in the RICOVER‐60 trial, 137 (32%) had low and 292 (68%) had normal serum albumin levels (>3.5 g/dL). In the low albumin group, patients had significantly higher International Prognostic Index (IPI), bulky disease, extralymphatic involvement, and B‐symptoms. Event‐free survival (EFS) (P < .001), progression‐free survival (PFS) (P < .001), and overall survival (OS) (P < .001) were significantly inferior for patients with low compared to those with normal serum albumin. Multivariate analysis adjusted for IPI shows following Hazard ratios (HR) for low serum albumin: EFS (HR = 1.5; 95% confidance interval [CI] [1.1; 2.1], P = .009), PFS (HR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2; 2.4], P = .001) and OS (HR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.1; 2.3], P = .006). Results were confirmed in 185 patients from the DENSE‐R‐CHOP‐14 and SMARTE‐R‐CHOP‐14 trials. In conclusion, low serum albumin is an independent risk factor in elderly patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP.
Thiazole‐tethered biaryls as fluorescent chemosensors for the selective detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Mariammal Balasubramanian , Shylaja Adaikalam , Kumar Sundaravel Vivek , Rubina Stephen Raja , Kumar Raju Ranjith 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3‐Amino‐5‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biaryl]‐2,4‐dicarbonitriles have been synthesized employing a facile one‐pot pseudo four‐component domino strategy. All these thiazole‐tethered biaryls exhibited blue fluorescence under UV lamp. Based on the high relative quantum yield, three compounds namely, 4a, 4d, and 4i, were chosen to explore the metal interference studies. Against several metal ions, these three thiazole‐tethered biphenyl probes were found to be effective fluorescent chemosensors for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions with a lower detection limit of 0.18, 0.12, and 0.16 μM, respectively.
Aberrant Fiber Coherence of Amygdala−Accumbens−Pallidum Pathway Is Associated With Disorganized Nigrostriatal−Nigropallidal Pathway in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Zhou Cheng , Guan Xiaojun , Gao Ting , Bai Xueqin , Song Zhe , Xuan Min , Gu Quanquan , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Baorong , Pu Jiali , Xu Xiaojun , Xu Duan , Zhang Minming 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMotor disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) mainly result from the degeneration of classic motor pathways. Given that the specific limbic pathway participates in movements, it is reasonable to consider that limbic pathway have the pathologic potential of motor disturbance in PD.PurposeTo explore the white matter changes of limbic and motor pathways and their relations in PD patients.Study TypeProspective.Population39 PD patients and 55 normal controls.SequenceSagittal 3D T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence, diffusion‐weighted spin echo‐echo planar imaging sequence on a 3T scanner.AssessmentProbabilistic tractography was used to reconstruct the motor pathways (nigrostriatal−nigropallidal and basal ganglia−motor cortex pathways) and limbic pathway (amygdala−accumbens−pallidum pathway). White matter alterations of these pathways were evaluated by fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), neurite density (NDI), and orientation dispersion (ODI). Clinical assessment was conducted by a neurologist.Statistical TestsGroup comparisons were performed using unpaired t‐tests. Pearson or Spearman correlation was used to explore the relationships between variables.ResultsCompared with normal controls, PD patients showed decreased ODI as well as increased MD and AD in the bilateral nigrostriatal−nigropallidal pathway (P < 0.05), decreased FA in left basal ganglia−motor cortex pathway (P < 0.05), and decreased ODI in left limbic pathway (P < 0.05). MD and AD in the left nigrostriatal−nigropallidal pathway was negatively correlated with FA in left basal ganglia−motor cortex pathway (r = −0.597, P < 0.05 and r = −0.433, P < 0.05, respectively). MD in the left nigrostriatal−nigropallidal pathway was significantly correlated with ODI in the left limbic pathway (r = −0.404, P < 0.05). ODI was associated with AD within each hemisphere of the nigrostriatal−nigropallidal pathway (r = −0.591, P < 0.05 for left; r = −0.589, P < 0.05 for right).Data ConclusionThe relationship between the degenerated motor pathways and aberrant limbic pathway suggest the existence of neuronal modulation between motor and limbic pathways, providing novel evidence of the neuromechanism for motor disruption in PD patients.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1799–1808.
A novel and rapid extraction protocol for sensitive and accurate determination of prochloraz in orange juice samples: Vortex‐assisted spraying‐based fine droplet formation liquid‐phase microextraction before gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Dikmen Yaren , Güleryüz Aybüke , Metin Berfin , Bodur Süleyman , Öner Miray , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel, ecofriendly, and easy extraction and preconcentration method named as vortex‐assisted spraying‐based fine droplet formation liquid‐phase microextraction was proposed for the determination of prochloraz at trace levels in orange juice samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In this novel system, extraction solvent is dispersed by the help of spraying apparatus instead of dispersive solvent. Various parameters of the method were carefully optimized to increase signal‐to‐noise ratio of the analyte. Under the optimum chromatographic and extraction conditions, limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated as 3.2 and 10.8 μg/kg, respectively. Moreover, enhancement in quantification power for the GC‐MS system was determined as 372 folds based on LOQ comparison. Relative recovery results for orange juice samples were found to be between 95.0–107.7% by utilizing matrix matching calibration. Furthermore, the developed method may be used to efficiently and simply extract other organic compounds for their determinations in several matrices.
Association of cytokines with hepatitis B virus and its antigen
Authors: Li Ming‐hui , Chen Qi‐qi , Zhang Lu , Lu Hui‐hui , Sun Fang‐fang , Zeng Zhan , Lu Yao , Yi Wei , Xie Yao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo investigate the characteristics of cytokines in patients with different HBV infection status and their correlation with HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg levels. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with chronic HBV infection in immune tolerance phase (IT), HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and acute hepatitis B (AHB) groups, and levels of cytokines were detected by Luminex technique, and analyzed by FLEXMAP 3D analyzer. The correlation between cytokines and HBV DNA load, HBsAg, HBeAg, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in patients with chronic HBV infection was analyzed. In total 312 subjects (184 males and 128 females) were enrolled in the study. There were significant differences among IT, CHB, and AHB groups in Flt‐3L value (P = .003; H = 12.312), IFN‐γ (P = .001; H = 11.723), IL‐10 (P = .001; H = 18.736), IL‐17A ((P = .001; H = 12.735), and TGF‐β1 (P = .001; Z = 48.571). IFN‐α2 levels in CHB group were significantly higher than those in IT and AHB groups (15.24 vs 35.78 pg/mL, P = .000; Z = 3.727; 13.88 vs 35.78 pg/mL, P = .024; Z = −2.258. In CHB group, the levels of HBsAg and ALT were positively correlated with the levels of IL‐10 (r = .173; P = .006; r = 0.176; P = .006, respectively), while HBeAg level was positively correlated with the IFN‐α2 level (r = .153; P = .016). In AHB group, the HBsAg level was positively correlated with Flt‐3L, IFN‐α2, IL‐10, and IL‐6 (r = .402; P = .023; r = .436; P = .016; r = .524, P = .002; r = .405; P = .022, respectively). HBeAg level was positively correlated with IFN‐γ and IL‐17A levels (r = .400; P = .023; r = .373; P = .036, respectively), and ALT level was positively correlated with IL‐6 levels (r = .367; P = .039). In either AHB or CHB group, HBV DNA load was only related to TGF‐β level (r = .493; P = .004; r = −.218, P = 0.009 respectively). The correlation between Flt‐3L and HBsAg (F = 7.422; P = .007); IL‐17, IL‐6, and HBeAg (F = 5.757; P = .017; F = 6.156; P = .014) were statistically significant. There was significant correlation between TGF‐β2 and HBV DNA (F = 11.795; P = .001), and between ALT and HBsAg, HBV DNA (F = 26.089; P = .000; F = 4.724; P = .031). HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA were correlated with cytokines and ALT in patients with HBV infection. The level of IFN‐α2 was significantly higher in patients with CHB. HBV DNA load was only correlated with the level of TGF‐β in acute or CHB.
The 2018–2019 weak El Niño: Predicting the risk of a dengue outbreak in Machala, Ecuador
Authors: Petrova Desislava , Rodó Xavier , Sippy Rachel , Ballester Joan , Mejía Raul , Beltrán‐Ayala Efraín , Borbor‐Cordova Mercy J. , Vallejo G. Mauricio , Olmedo Alfredo J. , Stewart‐Ibarra Anna M. , Lowe Rachel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBetween October 2018 ‐ May 2019, sea surface temperature conditions in the central‐eastern tropical Pacific indicated a mild El Niño event. In May 2019, the global El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecast consensus was that these generally weak warm patterns will persist at least until the end of the northern hemisphere summer. El Niño and its impact on local climatic conditions in southern coastal Ecuador influence the inter‐annual transmission of dengue fever in the region. In this study, we use an ENSO model to issue forecasts of El Niño for the year 2019, which are then used to predict local climate variables, precipitation and minimum temperature, in the city of Machala, Ecuador. All these forecasts are incorporated in a dengue transmission model, specifically developed and tested for this area, to produce out‐of‐sample predictions of dengue risk. Predictions are issued at the beginning of January 2019 for the whole year, thus providing the longest forecast lead time of 12 months. Preliminary results indicate that the mild and ongoing El Niño event did not provide the optimum climate conditions for dengue transmission, with the model predicting a very low probability of a dengue outbreak during the typical peak season in Machala in 2019. This is contrary to 2016, when a large El Niño event resulted in excess rainfall and warmer temperatures in the region, and a dengue outbreak occurred 3 months earlier than expected. This event was successfully predicted using a similar prediction framework to the one applied here. With the present study, we continue our efforts to build and test a climate service tool to issue early warnings of dengue outbreaks in the region.
Studying glass on metal: Raman analysis of medieval champlevé enamelled objects
Authors: Röhrs Stefan , Fenoglio Gaia , Reiche Ina , Lambacher Lothar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedieval champlevé enamelled objects are from copper sheets decorated with glass. The enamels were analysed by Raman spectroscopy to study the compositional differences in the glass matrix. Additional analyses were carried out by element analytical methods such as μ‐X‐ray fluorescence analysis and environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The two most frequently used glass types are mineral soda lime glass opacified with antimony compounds and vegetal soda lime glass with a more significant addition of PbO, opacified with SnO2. The enamel composition can succour the classification of the object regarding production time and place.The wavenumber of the bending and stretching regions, δmax and υmax, and the polymerization index Ip were extracted from Raman spectra, and results were interpreted with respect to the so‐called glass families from the literature. The two most frequently used glass types can be distinguished in the plot of Ip versus υmax. For further differentiation, the Si‐O stretching υmax against Si‐O bending δmax plot was exploited. This plot allowed a separation of glass types which superimposed in the plot of Ip versus υmax, such as mixed alkaline glass and soda lime glass with added PbO. The small spot size and sensitivity of Raman analysis for lead and alkaline components allow obtaining complimentary data on compositional differences and heterogeneities of the glass matrix, which are difficult to detect by common laboratory micro‐X‐ray fluorescence analysis.
The accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhan Qi , Li Yuan , Yuan Yihang , Liu Jinchi , Li Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to systematically review and assess the diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for oral cancer tissue, oral precancerous lesions, and normal oral tissue.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and gray literature were searched for all relevant articles published before July 2019. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool to assess the quality of the included studies. We estimated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and established summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves to identify the diagnostic accuracy of RS for oral cancer tissue, oral precancerous lesions, and normal oral tissue. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) was reported to estimate the overall effectiveness of RS.ResultsA total of 41 articles were eligible for this meta‐analysis. The coalescent sensitivity and specificity of RS in diagnosing oral cancer in vivo were 0.91 and 0.85. The positive likelihood ratio, the negative likelihood ratio, and the area under the curve were 8.01, 0.10, and 0.9284. The frozen tissue subgroup in vitro oral cancer group showed improved diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.9968. The in vitro frozen tissue group also showed better diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing between oral precancerous lesions and normal oral tissues.ConclusionsRS has the advantages of being noninvasive and able to provide real‐time and in situ results, so it deserves to be studied and improved further to better serve clinical work.