bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between auditors’ human capital attributes and the assessment of the control environment
Authors: Lamboglia Rita , Mancini Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe International Standards on Auditing (ISA) consider the understanding of the control environment as a basic phase of an auditor’s assessment of internal control. This comprehension influences the nature, timing, extent and, ultimately, the quality of the procedures managed by auditors. Several studies have investigated the determinants and implications of control environment assessment, internal control evaluation, and audit quality. However, very few studies have adopted a human capital perspective and matched the number and type of the control environment elements considered during control environment evaluation with auditors’ human capital attributes. Starting from these considerations, the paper examines the relationship between auditors’ human capital attributes and the assessment of the control environment. Based on a survey of 100 Italian external auditors, this study reveals that auditors perceive “Communication and enforcement of integrity and ethical values”as a relevant element in undertaking control environment assessments. Moreover, the findings indicate that the type of audit firm (Big Four), the regional context (Northern Italy), and the auditor’s degree specialization (accounting, finance and auditing) influence the control environment assessment. This study contributes to the literature by consolidating the use of human capital theory in the auditing domain and presenting new results that help clarify the relationship between human capital attributes and control environment evaluation. We have identified the human capital attributes of auditors that match a control environment evaluation based on all seven elements indicated by ISA 315.
Blok, Vincent: Heidegger’s concept of philosophical method: innovating philosophy in the age of global warming
Authors: Reijers Wessel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review discusses Vincent Blok’s book Heidegger’s Concept of Philosophical Method. Blok’s daring and important argument is that Heidegger has been misunderstood by contemporary philosophers who dismiss his thinking as correlationism; but that at the same time there lies something at the core of Heidegger’s thinking that prevents it from unleashing its true innovative potential; namely a logic of unity. To move beyond this logic of unity, Blok aims to rediscover and redefine the potential of Heidegger’s philosophical method by characterising it along the lines of interrogative intention and creativity of world-interest. This move allows Blok to think about Earth in the age of global warming in a way that was not possible in Heidegger’s work, providing a positive concept of the Earth’s materiality as uncorrelated being that guides the way to a future environmental ethics. The review discusses the main contributions of the book, and also three criticisms, which concern the justification of choices for certain perspectives, the unfulfilled promise of moving from philosophical theory to more practically oriented guidance, and unclarities concerning the alternative that Blok puts forward as an answer to his criticism of Heidegger’s method.
Flood risk mapping and crop-water loss modeling using water footprint analysis in agricultural watershed, northern Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Maziar , Darabi Hamid , Mirchooli Fahimeh , Bakhshaee Alireza , Torabi Haghighi Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpatial information on flood risk and flood-related crop losses is important in flood mitigation and risk management in agricultural watersheds. In this study, loss of water bound in agricultural products following damage by flooding was calculated using water footprint and agricultural statistics, using the Talar watershed, northern Iran, as a case. The main conditioning factors on flood risk (flow accumulation, slope, land use, rainfall intensity, geology, and elevation) were rated and combined in GIS, and a flood risk map classified into five risk classes (very low to very high) was created. Using average crop yield per hectare, the amount of rice and wheat products under flood risk was calculated for the watershed. Finally, the spatial relationships between agricultural land uses (rice and wheat) and flood risk areas were evaluated using geographically weighted regression (GWR) in terms of local R2 at sub-watershed scale. The results showed that elevation was the most critical factor for flood risk. GWR results indicated that local R2 between rice farms and flood risk decreased gradually from north to south in the watershed, while no pattern was detected for wheat farms. Potential production of rice and wheat in very high flood risk zones was estimated to be 7972 and 18,860 tons, on an area of 822 ha and 7218 ha, respectively. Loss of these crops to flooding meant that approximately 34.04 and 12.10 million m3 water used for production of wheat and rice, respectively, were lost. These findings can help managers, policymakers, and watershed stakeholders achieve better crop management and flood damage reduction.
Development and Evaluation of a Component Level Implementation Fidelity Rating System for the GenerationPMTO Intervention
Authors: Holtrop Kendal , Miller Debra L. , Durtschi Jared A. , Forgatch Marion S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmpirically determining the components of evidence-based interventions contributing to positive change is a crucial, yet understudied area of research. In support of this aim, we describe the development and evaluation of an observational rating system for measuring fidelity to specific components of the evidence-based GenerationPMTO parenting intervention. A five-step process was employed to systematically develop the rating system, which included consultation with the intervention developer and input from additional GenerationPMTO experts. The rating system was then tested using 247 h of video data from 184 parenting group intervention sessions. Study findings support the psychometric properties of the new measure with regard to item performance, reliability (i.e., inter-rater reliability of items, dimensionality of components, internal consistency of component scales), and validity (i.e., content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity of the component scales) for seven of the eight scales evaluated. The seven components include clear directions, skill encouragement, emotion regulation, limit setting, effective communication, problem solving, and monitoring. Data did not support the psychometric properties of the positive involvement scale. Overall, the ability to assess component-specific fidelity allows for a more nuanced examination of change processes, with meaningful implications for research and practice.
The COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture: Lifelong learning in a context of fear
Authors: Bjursell Cecilia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a number of fundamental changes in different societies, and can therefore be understood as creating “disjuncture” in our lives. Disjuncture is a concept proposed by adult educator Peter Jarvis to describe the phenomenon of what happens when an individual is confronted with an experience that conflicts with her/his previous understanding of the world. Faced with a situation that creates disjuncture, the person is compelled to find new knowledge and new ways of doing things; i.e., he/she must embark on a learning process. The recent introduction of social distancing as a measure aiming to reduce transmission of the COVID-19 virus has dramatically changed people’s behaviour, but this measure does not only have preventive and desirable effects. There is an associated risk for increased isolation among the older generations of the population, as well as a change in intergenerational relationships. Although the current pandemic (as disjuncture) may potentially initiate major learning processes in the human collective, we should remember that disjuncture is often theorised within neutral, or even positive, contexts. In a context of fear, however, learning may result in a narrowing of mindsets and a rejection of collective efforts and solidarity between generations. In terms of the types of learning triggered by the current pandemic (as disjuncture), one problem is non-reflective learning, which primarily occurs on a behavioural level. We need to recognise this and engage in reflective learning if we are to make the choices that will lead to a society that is worth living in for all generations. Our goal must be to learn to be a person in a post-pandemic society.
Causal necessitarianism and the monotonicity objection
Authors: Hirèche Salim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDo causes necessitate their effects? Causal necessitarianism (CN) is the view that they do. One major objection—the “monotonicity objection”—runs roughly as follows. For many particular causal relations, we can easily find a possible “blocker”—an additional causal factor that, had it also been there, would have prevented the cause from producing its effect. However—the objection goes on—, if the cause reallynecessitatedits effect in the first place, it would have produced itanyway—despite the blocker. Thus, CN must be false. Though different from Hume’s famous attacks against CN, the monotonicity objection is no less important. In one form or another, it has actually been invoked by various opponents to CN, past and present. And indeed, its intuitive appeal is quite powerful. Yet, this paper argues that, once carefully analysed, the objection can be resisted—and should be. First, I show how its success depends on three implicit assumptions concerning, respectively, the notion of cause, the composition of causal factors, and the relation of necessitation. Second, I present general motivations for rejecting at least one of those assumptions: appropriate variants of them threaten views that even opponents to CN would want to preserve—in particular, the popular thesis ofgroundingnecessitarianism. Finally, I argue that the assumption we should reject is the one concerning how causes should be understood: causes, I suggest, include an element of completeness that excludes blockers. In particular, I propose a way of understanding causal completeness that avoids common difficulties.
Set of stress biomarkers as a practical tool in the assessment of multistress effect using honeybees from urban and rural areas as a model organism: a pilot study
Authors: Nicewicz Łukasz , Nicewicz Agata W. , Kafel Alina , Nakonieczny Mirosław 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA decrease among honey bee populations (Apis mellifera) in the traditional apiaries has been observed in recent years. In light of this negative phenomenon, urban beekeeping seems to be an appropriate alternative solution for the bee population in reducing the toxic effects of a large number of pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural ecosystems. Despite the rapid development of urban beekeeping, there is little information regarding the different aspects of the defense effectiveness of bees from the urban and rural areas. The study was aimed to show whether honey bees from these two locations differ in the level of the valuable biomarkers of stress exposure helpful in establishing which bees, from urban or rural areas, are under greater environmental pressure. For this purpose, foragers from an urban rooftop apiary and a traditional rural apiary were collected. The chosen biomarkers were measured in various tissues of bees. The activity of glutathioneS-transferase and acetylcholinesterase, the level of total antioxidant capacity, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and defensin were selected for the analyses. In our opinion, the Hsp70 and defensin levels seemed to be important in the indication of urban multistress factors. The higher level of heat shock proteins and defensins in tissues/organs of bees from the urban apiary—in the gut (an increase, respectively, 92% and 7.3%) and fat body (an increase, respectively, 130% and 7.8%), known as targets of environmental toxins, pointed out the urban environment as highly stressful at both the individual and colony levels. In turn, high total antioxidant capacity was measured in the guts of honey bees from rural area (an increase 107%). Such a situation suggests a different mechanism of defense and specificity of rural and urban environmental stressors and also honey bees foraging activity.
Trends of Positive Youth Development Publications (1995–2020): A Scientometric Review
Authors: Qi Shaojie , Hua Fengrui , Zhou Zheng , Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, the positive youth development approach has gained momentum among researchers and practitioners who focus on youth potential and adolescent well-being. In this study, 1435 academic works on positive youth development (PYD) are collected from the Web of Science using CiteSpace, reviewed and analyzed. First, the number, subject distribution, country, and institution of published papers are presented, and the author collaboration network involved in PYD is analyzed using network analysis. The results show that authors and institutions in Western societies are the main contributors to PYD research and that interdisciplinary collaboration is gradually growing. Using document co-citation analysis, research hotspots in the field were investigated. Furthermore, the research frontiers and trendy topics in PYD from 2010 to 2019 were found by using burst detection, and research gaps were identified. The findings provide research directions for future PYD studies in the field of applied quality of life research.
Die Therapie der schweren Akne
Authors: Valencak Julia 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Akne ist eine der häufigsten chronisch-entzündlichen Gesichtshauterkrankungen und mit einem hohen Leidensdruck behaftet. Die Therapie der tief entzündlichen schweren Akne ist schwierig, da teils nebenwirkungsreiche Medikamente über Monate eingenommen werden müssen. Allen voran ist das Isotretinoin das Medikament der Wahl. Es gibt jedoch noch einige andere therapeutische Möglichkeiten, die je nach Pathogenese der Akne zusätzlich zu einer Verbesserung beitragen können.
Integration of small RNAs, degradome, and transcriptome sequencing provides insights into the differences between Shizhu ginseng and Yuan ginseng
Authors: Peng Mengyuan , Chen Yanlin , Wang Wenjuan , He Zhihua , Dai Wangqiang , Lin Zhiyun , Yang Zemin , Gong Mengjuan , Yin Yongqin , Han Bin , Zeng Yu , Wang Yingfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPanax ginseng is one of the most popular herbs which have been used as an important traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. Yuan ginseng and Shizhu ginseng,which belong to P. ginseng, are widely used as substitutes for wild ginseng in clinical practice. Clinical practice has proved that the clinical efficacy of Shizhu ginseng is better than Yuan ginseng. However, current research cannot completely explain this phenomenon. Considering that small RNA may be one of the pharmacodynamic substances of P. ginseng, it is challenging to investigate differential miRNAs between Shizhu ginseng and Yuan ginseng. In this study, the transcriptome, small RNAome and degradome of P. ginseng were studied by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 63,875 unigenes and 43,950,137 small RNA clean reads were obtained from the roots of P. ginseng. Among 3206 differentially expressed genes, 1190 genes were up-regulated in Yuan ginseng when compared with Shizhu ginseng. 24 known differential miRNAs and 7 novel differential miRNAs were obtained. The 304 targets of 24 differentially expressed miRNA (17 known and 7 novel) families are mainly related to energy metabolism, biotic stress and disease immunity in ginseng itself. Through the association analysis of mRNA and miRNA, our work gives a better understanding of the difference between Yuan ginseng and Shizhu ginseng. Considering the cross-kingdom regulation of plant miRNAs, our results may provide a foundation for understanding the miRNA-dependent clinical efficacy in P. ginseng.
A rainbow blow-up lemma for almost optimally bounded edge-colourings
Authors: Ehard Stefan , Glock Stefan , Joos Felix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is calledrainbowif all its edges have different colours. We prove a rainbow version of the blow-up lemma of Komlós, Sárközy, and Szemerédi that applies to almost optimally bounded colourings. A corollary of this is that there exists a rainbow copy of any bounded-degree spanning subgraphHin a quasirandom host graphG, assuming that the edge-colouring ofGfulfills a boundedness condition that is asymptotically best possible.This has many applications beyond rainbow colourings: for example, to graph decompositions, orthogonal double covers, and graph labellings.
Mid-upper arm circumference as a screening tool for identifying adolescents with thinness
Authors: Sisay Binyam Girma , Haile Demewoz , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the performance of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) to identify thinness in the late adolescence period (aged 15–19 years) in Ethiopia.Design:We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study. The receiver operating characteristics curve was used to examine the validity of MUAC compared with BMIZ-score to identify adolescents with thinness (BMIZ-score <−2sd).Settings:Fifteen high schools (grade 9–12) located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Participants:A total of 851 adolescent (456 males and 395 females) were included in the study.Results:The prevalence of thinness and severe thinness among high-school adolescents in Addis Ababa was 9·5 % (95 % CI 7·7, 11·7 %). The overall AUC for MUAC against BMIZ-score <−2 SD was 0·91 (95 % CI 0·88, 0·93). The optimal MUAC cut-offs to identify thinness were 23·3 cm for males and 22·6 cm for females. These cut-off points give high sensitivity and specificity for both males (a sensitivity of 87·9 % and a specificity of 75·9 %) and females (a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity 88·2 %).Conclusions:MUAC has a comparable level of accuracy with BMIZ-score to identify thinness in adolescents aged 15–19 years. Hence, MUAC could be used as an alternative tool for surveillance and screening of thinness among adolescents aged 15–19 years. The optimum cut-off proposed by this study may incorrectly include a large number of adolescents when used in a relatively well-nourished population. In this situation, it would be necessary to choose a cut-off with greater positive predictive value.
Collective action, opportunism, and class agency under ineffective state enforcement: Marx on English Factory Laws
Authors: Ertürk Korkut Alp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper focuses on a previously unexamined aspect of Marx's discussion on the 19th century English Factory Acts, and highlights its broader relevance for contemporary discussions about the role of institutions in a market economy. The capitalists' enlightened self-interest was to better husband their work force by limiting the workday and curtailing child labor, but market competition put them in a Prisoner's Dilemma creating an opportunism hazard. The ‘Factory Acts’ addressed the problem, but the state lacked the capacity to enforce them effectively. Marx held that the organized power of workers played an essential role in how the Factory Laws could gain traction at a time when state enforcement was unreliable. Organized labor's threats of sanction were credible enough to lower the expected benefit of non-compliance, enabling capitalists to commit to acting in their long-term, collective self-interest.
Higher BMI, but not obesity-related genetic polymorphisms, correlates with lower structural connectivity of the reward network in a population-based study
Authors: Beyer Frauke , Zhang Rui , Scholz Markus , Wirkner Kerstin , Loeffler Markus , Stumvoll Michael , Villringer Arno , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is of complex origin, involving genetic and neurobehavioral factors. Genetic polymorphisms may increase the risk for developing obesity by modulating dopamine-dependent behaviors, such as reward processing. Yet, few studies have investigated the association of obesity, related genetic variants, and structural connectivity of the dopaminergic reward network.MethodsWe analyzed 347 participants (age range: 20–59 years, BMI range: 17–38 kg/m2) of the LIFE-Adult Study. Genotyping for the single nucleotid polymorphisms rs1558902 (FTO) and rs1800497 (near dopamine D2 receptor) was performed on a microarray. Structural connectivity of the reward network was derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using deterministic tractography of Freesurfer-derived regions of interest. Using graph metrics, we extracted summary measures of clustering coefficient and connectivity strength between frontal and striatal brain regions. We used linear models to test the association of BMI, risk alleles of both variants, and reward network connectivity.ResultsHigher BMI was significantly associated with lower connectivity strength for number of streamlines (β = −0.0025, 95%—C.I.: [−0.004, −0.0008],p = 0.0042), and, to lesser degree, fractional anisotropy (β = −0.0009, 95%—C.I. [−0.0016, −0.00008],p = 0.031), but not clustering coefficient. Strongest associations were found for left putamen, right accumbens, and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. As expected, the polymorphism rs1558902 in FTO was associated with higher BMI (F = 6.9,p < 0.001). None of the genetic variants was associated with reward network structural connectivity.ConclusionsHere, we provide evidence that higher BMI correlates with lower reward network structural connectivity. This result is in line with previous findings of obesity-related decline in white matter microstructure. We did not observe an association of variants in FTO or near DRD2 receptor with reward network structural connectivity in this population-based cohort with a wide range of BMI and age. Future research should further investigate the link between genetics, obesity and fronto-striatal structural connectivity.
Epigenetic targeting of neuropilin-1 prevents bypass signaling in drug-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Abdullah Ammara , Akhand Saeed Salehin , Paez Juan Sebastian Paez , Brown Wells , Pan Li , Libring Sarah , Badamy Michael , Dykuizen Emily , Solorio Luis , Andy Tao W. , Wendt Michael K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancers are treated using targeted antibodies and kinase inhibitors, but resistance to these therapies leads to systemic tumor recurrence of metastatic disease. Herein, we conducted gene expression analyses of HER2 kinase inhibitor-resistant cell lines as compared to their drug-sensitive counterparts. These data demonstrate the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which included enhanced expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and axonal guidance molecules known as neuropilins (NRPs). Immunoprecipitation of FGFR1 coupled with mass spectroscopy indicated that FGFR1 forms a physical complex with NRPs, which is enhanced upon induction of EMT. Confocal imaging revealed that FGFR1 and NRP1 predominantly interact throughout the cytoplasm. Along these lines, short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of NRP1, but not the use of NRP1-blocking antibodies, inhibited FGFR signaling and reduced tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results further indicate that NRP1 upregulation during EMT is mediated via binding of the chromatin reader protein, bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) in the NRP1 proximal promoter region. Pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 decreased NRP1 expression and ablated FGF-mediated tumor cell growth. Overall, our studies indicate that NRPs facilitate aberrant growth factor signaling during EMT-associated drug resistance and metastasis. Pharmacological combination of epigenetic modulators with FGFR-targeted kinase inhibitors may provide improved outcomes for breast cancer patients with drug-resistant metastatic disease.