bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the tissues-of-origin of circulating cell-free DNAs is a promising way in noninvasive diagnostics
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Li Hong-Dong , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies facilitate personalized disease-risk profiling and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, some great progress has been made in noninvasive diagnoses based on cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs). It exploits the fact that dead cells release DNA fragments into the circulation, and some DNA fragments carry information that indicates their tissues-of-origin (TOOs). Based on the signals used for identifying the TOOs of cfDNAs, the existing methods can be classified into three categories: cfDNA mutation-based methods, methylation pattern-based methods and cfDNA fragmentation pattern-based methods. In cfDNA mutation-based methods, the SNP information or the detected mutations in driven genes of certain diseases are employed to identify the TOOs of cfDNAs. Methylation pattern-based methods are developed to identify the TOOs of cfDNAs based on the tissue-specific methylation patterns. In cfDNA fragmentation pattern-based methods, cfDNA fragmentation patterns, such as nucleosome positioning or preferred end coordinates of cfDNAs, are used to predict the TOOs of cfDNAs. In this paper, the strategies and challenges in each category are reviewed. Furthermore, the representative applications based on the TOOs of cfDNAs, including noninvasive prenatal testing, noninvasive cancer screening, transplantation rejection monitoring and parasitic infection detection, are also reviewed. Moreover, the challenges and future work in identifying the TOOs of cfDNAs are discussed. Our research provides a comprehensive picture of the development and challenges in identifying the TOOs of cfDNAs, which may benefit bioinformatics researchers to develop new methods to improve the identification of the TOOs of cfDNAs.
Demonising the dingo: How much wild dogma is enough?
Authors: Letnic Mike , Crowther Mathew S , Dickman Christopher R , Ritchie Euan G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The roles that top predators play in regulating the structure and function of ecosystems have long been controversial. This is particularly the case when predators pose adverse risks for human life and/or economic interests. The critique of literature on dingoes and their ecological roles in Australia provided by Allen et al. (2011) shows that top predators remain a potentially polarising issue. In opposition to Allen et al. we argue that these widespread patterns of species’ abundances, attributed to the effects of dingoes and evident at scales ranging from the foraging behaviour of individuals through to continental scale patterns of species abundances, constitute strong support for the mesopredator release hypothesis and provide evidence that dingoes benefit biodiversity conservation by inducing community wide trophic cascades. Harnessing the positive ecological effects of dingoes while at the same time minimising their impacts on agriculture is a major socio-political challenge in Australia [Current Zoology 57 (5): 668–670].
A response to Benjamin L. ALLEN et al. 2011 [Current Zoology, 57 (5): 568–583]
Mechanical ventilation variability due to tracheal compression in a patient with a mycotic descending aortic aneurysm: an inverse correlation with blood pressure
Authors: Heuts Samuel , Sprooten Roy T M , Heines Serge J H , Mees Barend M E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMycotic aortic aneurysms carry significant morbidity and mortality. In the current report, we present a case of a patient with a mycotic descending aortic aneurysm with contained rupture causing variable compression of the trachea, influenced by a variability in blood pressure. In these patients, blood pressure management is paramount as relative hypertensive periods do not only increase the risk of rupture but can also warrant high ventilation pressures or can potentially result in airway occlusion.
Developing training for uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery: a commentary
Authors: Sihoe Alan D L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Today, thoracic surgeons have many possible pathways to advance their training in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). For uniportal VATS (uVATS) in particular, what are the training options available and does regulating training matter?

METHODS
The relevant literature pertaining to uVATS training is reviewed.

RESULTS
Current options for surgeons looking to train in uVATS range from videos on the internet, through ‘experts’ demonstrating live surgery, to symposia and hands-on wet labs being held in all regions of the world. All have merits, and the aspiring VATS surgeon can choose from a range of preceptorship and proctorship modules to suit his/her own training needs. However, issues in the formalizing training in uVATS remains unresolved. Is there an ideal pathway through uVATS training? At what point can a trainee be considered to have ‘graduated’ to become an expert in uVATS? Who indeed trains the trainer, and certifies the competence of a training centre?

CONCLUSIONS
Although a plethora of training options exist, formulation of a robust training curriculum can further bolster the status of uVATS as a sustainable surgical approach that can be delivered with consistent quality.
Linear and Nonlinear Age Trajectories of Language Use: A Laboratory Observation Study of Couples’ Conflict Conversations
Authors: Luo Minxia , Neysari Mona , Schneider Gerold , Martin Mike , Demiray Burcu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated linear and nonlinear age effects on language use with speech samples that were representative of naturally occurring conversations.MethodUsing a corpus-based approach, we examined couples’ conflict conversations in the laboratory. The conversations, from a total of 364 community-dwelling German-speaking heterosexual couples (aged 19–82), were videotaped and transcribed. We examined usage of lower-frequency words, grammatical complexity, and utterance of filled pauses (e.g., äh [“um”]).ResultsMultilevel models showed that age effects on the usage of lower-frequency words were nonsignificant. Grammatical complexity increased until middle age (i.e., 54) and then declined. The utterance of filled pauses increased until old age (i.e., 70) and then decreased.DiscussionResults are discussed in relation to cognitive aging research.
The sovereignty surplus
Authors: Walker Neil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This Foreword article aims to rescue the sovereignty concept from the conflicted center of irresoluble debates about the resilience and value of the state form. The idea of a “sovereignty surplus” shifts the focus of inquiry towards sovereignty as a deep frame of legal and political thought and action. It evokes how sovereigntist thinking, in tandem with the techniques of modern constitutionalism, spills over beyond its threshold modern achievement of imagining and securing the paramount authority of the state system. The sovereignty surplus manifests itself in part as a “surfeit” of sovereignty—an overabundance of new sovereignty claims emerging in new sub-state and supra-state contexts—but it also captures sovereignty’s augmented reworking in existing contexts. The sovereignty frame, then, while resilient in its general form and settled in its statist locus, is capable of and susceptible to adjustment and redeployment in the face of new internal and external pressures. It harbors an excess that allows its component elements to be fleshed out, modified, and diversified so as both to absorb and reshape shifting sources and assertions of political authority. These movements are captured by examining the contemporary interaction amongst the five “R”s: the recomposition, raising, rationing, reinforcement, and reduction of sovereignty.
Silicone models of the aortic root to plan and simulate interventions
Authors: Lezhnev Alexander A , Ryabtsev Dmitriy V , Hamanturov Dmitriy B , Barskiy Vladimir I , Yatsyk Sergeiy P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this work was to develop technology to create ‘soft’ patient-specific models of semilunar heart valves, the aortic valve in particular, suitable for training and simulation of surgical and endovascular interventions.

METHODS
Data obtained during routine cardiac contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography were used to create 3-dimensional models of the aortic root. Three-dimensional models were used to create soft silicone models of the aortic root made by casting silicone into a negative mould printed with stereolithography. A comparison between the constructed models and the size of the aortic root was performed. We quantified how much time was needed for production of each model.

RESULTS
Four patient-specific soft models of the aortic root were produced. Data from patients of different ages and body surface areas were used as prototypes. All models had minimum size errors. During development of this technology, production time per model was reduced from 63 to 39 h.

CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated the feasibility of making soft patient-specific 3-dimensional aortic root models using currently available technology. These models can be used both for training physicians in a variety of open surgical and endovascular interventions and for the study of complex aortic root geometry.
Impact of ductal stenting on pulmonary artery reconstruction in patients with duct-dependent congenital heart diseases—an institutional experience
Authors: Haranal Maruti , Mood Marhisham Chee , Leong Ming Chern , Febrianti Zul , Abdul Latiff Haifa , Samion Hasri , Alwi Mazeni , Sivalingam Sivakumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to review our institutional experience of ductal stenting (DS) on the growth of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and surgical outcomes of PA reconstruction in this subset of patients.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study done in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation who underwent DS from January 2014 to December 2015. Post-stenting PA growth, surgical outcomes of PA reconstruction, post-surgical re-interventions, morbidity and mortality were analysed.

RESULTS
During the study period, 46 patients underwent successful DS, of whom 38 underwent presurgery catheterization and definite surgery. There was significant growth of PAs in these patients. Biventricular repair was done in 31 patients while 7 had univentricular palliation. Left PA augmentation was required in 13 patients, and 10 required central PA augmentation during surgery. The mean follow-up period post-surgery was 4.5 ± 1.5 years. No significant postoperative complications were seen. No early or follow-up post-surgery mortality was seen. Four patients required re-interventions in the form of left PA stenting based on the echocardiography or computed tomography evidence of significant stenosis.

CONCLUSIONS
DS provides good short-term palliation and the growth of PAs. However, a significant number of stented patients require reparative procedure on PAs at the time of surgical intervention. Acquired changes in the PAs following DS may be the reason for reintervention following PA reconstruction.
Nonconforming finite element discretization for semilinear problems with trilinear nonlinearity
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Mallik Gouranga , Nataraj Neela 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Morley finite element method (FEM) is attractive for semilinear problems with the biharmonic operator as a leading term in the stream function vorticity formulation of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes problem and in the von Kármán equations. This paper establishes a best-approximation a priori error analysis and an a posteriori error analysis of discrete solutions close to an arbitrary regular solution on the continuous level to semilinear problems with a trilinear nonlinearity. The analysis avoids any smallness assumptions on the data, and so has to provide discrete stability by a perturbation analysis before the Newton–Kantorovich theorem can provide the existence of discrete solutions. An abstract framework for the stability analysis in terms of discrete operators from the medius analysis leads to new results on the nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart FEM for second-order linear nonselfadjoint and indefinite elliptic problems with $L^\infty $ coefficients. The paper identifies six parameters and sufficient conditions for the local a priori and a posteriori error control of conforming and nonconforming discretizations of a class of semilinear elliptic problems first in an abstract framework and then in the two semilinear applications. This leads to new best-approximation error estimates and to a posteriori error estimates in terms of explicit residual-based error control for the conforming and Morley FEM.
Jews in Early Biographies of Muḥammad: A Case Study in Shifting Muslim Understandings of Judaism
Authors: Teipen Alfons 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlmost from its beginning, adherents of Islam were in competition with those of Judaism, yet the extent and intensity of that competition is portrayed differently in the earliest extant sources. Although in biblical studies there is by now a broad consensus that the synoptic gospels reflect different interpretations of the life of Jesus among the early Jesus movements, analogous realizations have still to fully take root in studies about the Life of Muḥammad. Minor differences in the portrayal of Jews in biographies of Muḥammad indicate a shifting understanding of Muslim-Jewish relations: whereas initially Jewish voices were needed to legitimize the new Arabian prophet, accusations from Christian apologists that Islam was a “new Judaism” led Muslims to take their distance from that religion. Muslim historians adapted Christian anti-Jewish canards of treachery and “propheticide” (analogous to deicide) to emphasize such distance. Early Muslim biographies of Muḥammad are thus witnesses to a complicated history of relationships between adherents of Islam and those of Judaism in late antiquity.
Evaluation of Trap Cropping for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a Broccoli Production System
Authors: Sherbrooke S , Carrière Y , Palumbo J C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Trap cropping, in which a trap crop is planted near a cash crop, has been used successfully for reducing pest damage in some agricultural systems. We used a meta-analysis of extensive data on two trap cropping systems, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), exploiting cabbage and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) exploiting maize, to show that oviposition preference for, and high larval mortality on trap crops are important indicators of effectiveness of trap cropping systems. We then evaluated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. juncea L. Czern.) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) as trap crops for protecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) against diamondback moth in Yuma, AZ, using planting configurations compatible with current practices for commercial production and without use of insecticides. In oviposition choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred over broccoli in the field. Furthermore, the number of larvae and pupae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard compared to broccoli, indicating relatively high mortality on these trap crops. Nevertheless, during the fall and spring growing seasons, no significant differences in the number of individuals on broccoli or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred between plots with trap crops relative to plots exclusively planted to broccoli. Thus, with the plant density and planting patterns used and without use of insecticides, there was no evidence that trap cropping was effective for reducing diamondback moth infestation of broccoli.
The Tail Behavior due to the Presence of the Risk Premium in AR-GARCH-in-Mean, GARCH-AR, and Double-Autoregressive-in-Mean Models
Authors: Dahl Christian M , Iglesias Emma M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe extend the results in Borkovec (2000), Basrak, David, and Mikosch (2002a), Lange (2011), and Francq and Zakoïan (2015) by describing the tail behavior when a risk premium component is added in the mean equation of different conditional heteroskedastic processes. We study three types of parametric models: the traditional generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH)-M model, the double autoregressive (AR) model with risk premium, and the GARCH-AR model. We find that if an AR process is introduced in the mean equation of a traditional GARCH-M process, the tail behavior is the same as if it is not introduced. However, if we add a risk premium component to the double AR model, then the tail behavior changes with respect to the GARCH-M. The GARCH-AR model also has a different tail index than the traditional AR-GARCH model. In a simulation study, we show that larger tail indexes are associated with the traditional GARCH-M model. When the size of the risk premium component increases, the tail index tends to fall. The only exception to this rule occurs in the double AR model when the risk premium depends on log-volatility. Parameter configurations where the strong stationarity condition of the risk premium models fails are also illustrated and discussed.
Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Summary Bias Assessment and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hauptmann Michael , Daniels Robert D , Cardis Elisabeth , Cullings Harry M , Kendall Gerald , Laurier Dominique , Linet Martha S , Little Mark P , Lubin Jay H , Preston Dale L , Richardson David B , Stram Daniel O , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Schubauer-Berigan Mary K , Gilbert Ethel S , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Ionizing radiation is an established carcinogen, but risks from low-dose exposures are controversial. Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII review of the epidemiological data in 2006, many subsequent publications have reported excess cancer risks from low-dose exposures. Our aim was to systematically review these studies to assess the magnitude of the risk and whether the positive findings could be explained by biases.

Methods
Eligible studies had mean cumulative doses of less than 100 mGy, individualized dose estimates, risk estimates, and confidence intervals (CI) for the dose-response and were published in 2006–2017. We summarized the evidence for bias (dose error, confounding, outcome ascertainment) and its likely direction for each study. We tested whether the median excess relative risk (ERR) per unit dose equals zero and assessed the impact of excluding positive studies with potential bias away from the null. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify the ERR and assess consistency across studies for all solid cancers and leukemia.

Results
Of the 26 eligible studies, 8 concerned environmental, 4 medical, and 14 occupational exposure. For solid cancers, 16 of 22 studies reported positive ERRs per unit dose, and we rejected the hypothesis that the median ERR equals zero (P = .03). After exclusion of 4 positive studies with potential positive bias, 12 of 18 studies reported positive ERRs per unit dose (P  = .12). For leukemia, 17 of 20 studies were positive, and we rejected the hypothesis that the median ERR per unit dose equals zero (P  = .001), also after exclusion of 5 positive studies with potential positive bias (P  = .02). For adulthood exposure, the meta-ERR at 100 mGy was 0.029 (95% CI = 0.011 to 0.047) for solid cancers and 0.16 (95% CI = 0.07 to 0.25) for leukemia. For childhood exposure, the meta-ERR at 100 mGy for leukemia was 2.84 (95% CI = 0.37 to 5.32); there were only two eligible studies of all solid cancers.

Conclusions
Our systematic assessments in this monograph showed that these new epidemiological studies are characterized by several limitations, but only a few positive studies were potentially biased away from the null. After exclusion of these studies, the majority of studies still reported positive risk estimates. We therefore conclude that these new epidemiological studies directly support excess cancer risks from low-dose ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the magnitude of the cancer risks from these low-dose radiation exposures was statistically compatible with the radiation dose-related cancer risks of the atomic bomb survivors.
F
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with F, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Fentanyl, Fibrin sealants and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, Flecainide, Flucloxacillin (also cloxacillin and dicloxacillin), Fluconazole, Flucytosine, Fludrocortisone, Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid), Formula milks for babies with intolerance/allergy, Formula milks for preterm babies, Fosfomycin, Fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, and Furosemide = Frusemide (former BAN)
G
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with G, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Ganciclovir (and valganciclovir), Gentamicin, Glucagon, Glucose (dextrose), Glyceryl trinitrate = Nitroglycerin (USAN), Glycine, and Glycopyrronium = Glycopyrrolate (USAN)
I
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with I, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Ibuprofen, Imipenem with cilastatin, Immunization, Immunoglobulin, Influenza vaccine, Insulin, Ipratropium bromide, Iron, Isoniazid, and Ivermectin
Re: AB (Termination of Pregnancy) [2019] EWCA CIV 1215: ‘Wishes and Feelings’ Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Cherkassky Lisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Re: AB (Termination of Pregnancy), the Court of Appeal was asked to consider an assumption made about the future living arrangements of a pregnant patient, and the weight to be ascribed to her wishes and feelings when she had no real understanding of her predicament. This commentary explores the importance of taking into account the perspective of the patient, even if suffering from a mental disorder, and it will analyse the existing common law to show that the weaker the ability of the patient to form her own wishes and feelings, the more appropriate it would be to rely on the remaining evidence.
On the angular momentum history of galactic discs
Authors: Renzini Alvio 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The stellar mass, size, and rotational velocity of galactic discs all grow from redshift ∼2 to the present by amounts that are estimated from observationally derived scaling relations. The product of these three quantities, the angular momentum of stellar discs, is then estimated to grow by a remarkably large factor, between ∼20 and ∼50, whereas other evidences suggest a more moderate increase. This requires that the specific angular momentum of the accreted gas should systematically increase with time while remaining corotational with the disc over most of the last ∼10 Gyr. Thus, the baryonic gas vorticity of the circumgalactic medium appears to emerge as a major driver in galaxy evolution, and this Letter is meant to attract attention on the sheer size of the angular momentum increase and on the need to explore to which extent this can be observed in nature and/or in simulations.