bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Haptoglobin and α2-Macroglobulin Concentrations from Electrophoretic Patterns of Serum α2-Globulin
Authors: Gault M Henry , Elzer Eleonore , Gabe Alec 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cellulose—acetate electrophoretic densitometry patterns for α2-globulin have been analyzed, with sera from 150 patients. The mobility of serum α2-macroglobulin exceeds that of haptoglobin to the extent that certain patterns correlate with abnormal concentrations of one or both of these proteins in serum. The most readily recognizable patterns occur when there is a major increase in one protein and the other remains normal. A very low value for one protein, particularly haptoglobin, can also be recognized. Concentration of these two proteins can be roughly predicted under definable circumstances.
Variations in Blood ATP after Oral Administration of Glucose, in Individuals Diagnosed as Normal, Equivocal, or Diabetic According to the Glucose Tolerance Sum Principle
Authors: Windisch Rita M , Pax P Robert , Bracken Mark M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Blood adenosine triphosphate was determined for 35 individuals at various times after they had ingested glucose. They were divided into four groups, categorized according to the "glucose tolerance sum" principle as normal, equivocal, or abnormal. Patients showing glucose intolerance also had supranormal concentrations of ATP as compared to the fasting level. Data are presented which suggest that the increase in ATP is a regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion.
A Source of Error in the Automated Serum Triiodothyronine-Uptake Test
Authors: Mardell R J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Variations in the diagnostic efficiency of the automated serum triiodothyronine-uptake test are shown to be caused by a large and variable proportion of radioiodide in the dialysate from a mixture of radioactive triiodothyronine and serum.
Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects
Authors: Harris Eugene K , Kanofsky Paul , Shakarji George , Cotlove Ernest 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Standard statistical analysis of variance has been used on data from weekly determinations of 15 blood constituents in each of 68 normal subjects, our purpose being to isolate and estimate biological components of observed variation. These components include intra-individual, or "personal" variation, and inter-individual, or "group" variation. The most critical problem, that of separating personal variation from long-term analytic deviations in each individual's data record, was resolved with the aid of concurrent analysis of a constant "pooled" serum. Comparison of isolated personal variation with inter-individual variation indicates that many common blood tests—e.g., magnesium, calcium, total protein, uric acid, serum enzymes, and cholesterol—could contribute to an individually distinctive blood "profile" if substantial improvements were made in analytic precision. Presently, only cholesterol (among older women) and uric acid (in males) appear to possess strong capabilities for distinguishing among normal individuals.
An Automated, Saccharogenic Method for Determining Serum Amylase Activity
Authors: O'Neal Wendell R , Gochman Nathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated adaptation of the Somogyi saccharogenic determination of serum amylase is described in which conventional AutoAnalyzer modules are used. Adequate sensitivity with short incubation is achieved by incorporating glucose oxidase and catalase in the substrate to destroy serum glucose during incubation. Maltose and other dialyzable oligosaccharides are measured with the alkaline copper-neocuproine reaction. A simultaneous blank run is performed to determine reducing substances other than glucose in serum. Precision studies and correlation with a manual saccharogenic method are presented. The normal range was determined from data for 49 healthy blood donors.
Assessment of Two Blood-Analyzer Systems Intended for Diagnostic Testing in the Physician's Office
Authors: Logan J E , Sunderland M L E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have assessed the Bio-Dynamics "Unitest System" and the Dow Chemical "Diagnostest." Day-to-day reproducibility and within-day precision of the Unitest uric acid and urea nitrogen kits were beyond acceptable limits of error. For Diagnostest, day-to-day reproducibility of bilirubin was outside these limits for two concentrations of bilirubin, one each for uric acid and cholesterol. The Unitest kit gave falsely high readings for cholesterol such that incorrect diagnoses could result. The Diagnostest cholesterol procedure gave values significantly lower than those obtained with the AutoAnalyzer. With Unitest, low results were found on specimens with supranormal uric acid; with Diagnostest low results were obtained for supranormal concentrations of urea nitrogen. Both systems yielded acceptable results for glucose and hemoglobin. We conclude that personnel not technically trained could not obtain reliable data with these systems.
Simultaneous Measurement of Diphenylhydantoin and Primidone in Serum by Gas—Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Evenson M A , Jones P , Darcey B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The need for simultaneous determination of the concentration of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) and primidone (Mysoline) in serum is frequently expressed to the clinical chemistry laboratory. Isothermal gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) has been used to develop a rapid, specific method. The method involves a single extraction and no derivative formation. The procedure is simple enough to be used with large numbers of samples. Detection limits for the method are 0.3 µg diphenylhydantoin per ml and 0.1 µg primidone per ml. The mean precision of the method is 6.2% and 4.8%, expressed as the coefficient of variation, for diphenylhydantoin and primidone, respectively. Barbiturates and glutethimide added to serum samples did not interfere with the analysis. The method has been used for more than 500 patients without interferences from metabolites, and meets all criteria for routine and emergency use.
Use of Patient Data for Quality Control of Clinical Laboratory Tests
Authors: Reed Allen H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The average-of-normals quality-control method is examined mathematically. Two modifications are proposed. After modification, the essential unchanged feature of the method is the idea of censoring the laboratory test results so that only means of test values inside the normal range are plotted on the quality-control chart. Several limitations of the modified method are discussed, and I conclude that, although censoring does improve the probability of detecting drift, more statistical research and further modifications are needed before the average-of-normals method will be useful for quality control in the clinical laboratory.
Method for Simultaneous Direct Estimation of Glucose and Xylose in Serum
Authors: Goodwin Jesse F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A direct procedure for measuring serum monosaccharides is presented. Borate intensifies the colors produced when these substances react with o-toluidine, which, in the case of glucose and xylose, have absorption maxima at 480 nm and 630 nm, respectively. Thus, these sugars may be determined singly or simultaneously in a single sample by differential spectrophotometry. An alternative technique in which glucose oxidase and o-toluidine are used is also presented for the estimation of xylose and other pentose sugars in the presence of glucose. These two techniques permit the measurement of a pentose and a hexose other than glucose in protein solutions containing glucose. The techniques have a high degree of correlation and reproducibility. The effects of such variables as reagent concentration, reaction time, and borate concentration on the o-toluidine reaction are presented, along with an evaluation of bilirubin and hemoglobin interference.
Simplified Determination of Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity
Authors: O’Malley John A , Hassan Anne , Shiley Judith , Traynor Henry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) is a color reagent for ferrous ion in the pH range 2 to 10, when ascorbic acid is used as the reducing agent. In this range TPTZ and ferrous ion combine in the ratio of two to one. Tris buffer is commonly used to maintain an alkaline pH, but it reacts with other reducing agents, rendering them ineffective. These observations suggested a method for the joint determination of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), all done in a single tube and with one color reagent. The method is compared with those of Peters et al. The standard deviation of the difference between the serum iron methods is less than 6 µg/100 ml, between the TIBC methods, less than 19 µg/100 ml.
Measurement of Polarographically Active Sulfur in Human Serum Fractions Obtained by Paper Electrophoresis
Authors: Homolka Jiří 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Polarographically active sulfur was distributed among the serum-protein fractions as follows (in percentages): albumin, 63.21; α1-globulin, 3.17; α2-globulin, 7.92; β-globulin, 14.54; α-globulin, 11.16. The results compare well with those obtained by X-ray spectrometry. The same method was applied to sera from patients suffering from malignant processes and some other diseases; the percentage of polarographically active sulfur in fractions of plasma from diseased individuals varied considerably.
Fractionation of Human Urine by Gel Chromatography
Authors: Burtis C A , Goldstein Gerald , Scott Charles D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-resolution anion-exchange chromatography of human urine can resolve more than 150 constituents that absorb ultraviolet light. Prefractionation of urine on Sephadex G-10 helped us identify the constituents and simplified the anion-exchange chromatogram. The material associated with the 13 peaks obtained by gel chromatography was pooled and concentrated into six fractions, which were subsequently analyzed by high-resolution anion-exchange chromatography. Each of these fractions contained from 13 to 63 ultraviolet-absorbing constituents.
Interface Instrumentation between Computer and Spectrophotometer for Reaction Rate Measurements
Authors: Toren E Clifford , Eggert Arthur A , Sherry Arletta E , Hicks G Phillip 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An instrument interface which generates an output voltage level proportional to rate of change of an input voltage is described. The interface permits direct connection of routine spectrophotometric rate measurements to a real-time laboratory computer system. The form of the voltage level output enables the computer to read rates in the same manner as peaks are read for AutoAnalyzers, permitting the clinical laboratory LABCOM system to compute and report results for rate methods with no software changes. Spectrophotometric rates from about 10 to 0.025 absorbance units per min can be measured with an accuracy and precision of less than 1% relative in measurement times of about 10 to 30 s, respectively. The interface is readily constructed from commercially available components. Test results are presented for simulated rates, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.
Lactic Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in NAD
Authors: Babson Arthur L , Arndt Elsa G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Commercial samples of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contain various amounts of one or more lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors but not the inhibitor described in the reduced coenzyme, NADH. The kinetic assay for LDH, in which a high concentration of NAD is used, was more seriously influenced by the source of NAD than a tetrazolium-coupled colorimetric procedure that requires much less coenzyme.
Use of Ion-Exchange Resin in Preparing Erythrocytes for Magnesium Determinations
Authors: Hunt B J , Manery J F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid, accurate method is described for determining magnesium in red blood cells. Dowex 50 resin was used to separate magnesium from calcium and other cellular constituents. Magnesium in the eluate was titrated with EDTA, with Eriochrome Black T as indicator; the end point was determined spectrophotometrically. Magnesium in the erythrocytes of 17 healthy adults averaged 4.57 ± 0.16 (SD) mEq/liter of packed cells, with a range of 4.32 to 4.88, narrower than reported before in the literature.
Protein-Free Filtrates Obtained by Membrane Ultrafiltration
Authors: Farese Genevieve , Mager Milton 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Serum was ultrafiltered by centrifugation through size-selective membranes, and the ultrafiltrates were analyzed directly for glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid. The concentrations obtained were equivalent to their concentration in conventional protein-free filtrates. This procedure eliminates the need for specific precipitating methods required in various analyses, and yields undiluted samples that are free of foreign ions.
An Automated Method for Measuring Creatine Phosphokinase Activity in Serum
Authors: Wright Ronald K , Alexander Roy L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a procedure for automating the determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in serum by use of the AutoAnalyzer. Enzyme activity is determined by measuring the creatine phosphate formed from the CPK-catalyzed reaction of creatine with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The sensitivity of the automated procedure was comparable to that of the manual method. By use of the most favorable concentrations of creatine, ATP, and magnesium ion in the substrate, a linear relationship was obtained between enzyme concentration and enzyme activities up to 600 mU, representing a sixfold improvement over that obtained by the manual method. The degree of correlation between results obtained by the manual and automated procedures is shown.
A Quality-Control Program Based on the Use of Desk-Top Digital Computer
Authors: Cohen Eugene L , Hermann George , Sugiura Henry T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Programs written for a relatively inexpensive desk-top computer are used to calculate the chemical concentration of any batch of unknowns from a flattened absorbance curve with up to five points produced by single- or dual-channel continuous-flow analyzers and other instrumentation. Any value beyond the limits of the curve is rejected. The programs are then used to evaluate a pooled control serum from previously programmed standard deviation data. The sequence of calculation is such that computation of patient samples stops if the control value lies outside these programmed limits. The system ensures that no patient sample is reported, or even calculated, unless its accompanying control was within acceptable statistical limits. Acceptance of the system by technologists has been outstanding.
A Rapid Extraction and Quantification of Total Lipids and Lipid Fractions in Blood and Feces
Authors: Amenta J S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An analytical system for plasma lipids suitable for use in the large and small clinical laboratory is presented. Lipids are extracted into a chloroform— methanol solvent and concentrated into a chloroform phase by a wash with an aqueous CaCl2 solution. This extract is used to estimate total lipids and (after separation by thin-layer chromatography) the major lipid fractions. A single acid dichromate reagent is used for all quantification steps. Normal ranges for the proposed method are presented. The method with minor modifications is also used for quantification of fecal lipids. Lipids in other body fluids can be conveniently analyzed with this flexible method.
A Cause of Apparently Abnormal Urinary 17-Hydroxy Corticosteroids Responses to Metyrapone in Normal Subjects
Authors: Jubiz William , Frailey Jacqueline , Tyler Frank H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The metyrapone test is used to evaluate adrenal and pituitary disorders. The response to metyrapone administration can be erroneously interpreted as negative if a method that includes benzene— water partition is used to measure urinary 17-hydroxy corticosteroids. The reason for this is that benzene—water partition excludes most of the tetrahydrodeoxycortisol from the final extract, although this is the urinary steroid metabolite that increases after metyrapone administration.
A Simple Method for Separating Serum Lipoproteins by Electrophoresis on Cellulose Acetate
Authors: Fletcher Margaret J , Styliou Maria H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid method is described for separating the serum lipoproteins into clear, discrete, and reproducible bands by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Sera of patients with primary or secondary hyperlipidemias show patterns reflecting changes in lipid metabolism. The method would be appropriate for use in screening surveys.
A Fluorometric Ferric Chloride Method for Determining Cholesterol in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum
Authors: Solow Elizabeth B , Freeman L W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sensitive or simple methods for the rapid determination of cholesterol in biological fluids have been developed during the past 10 years. Sensitivity has been increased by fluorimetry of the Lieberman—Burchard reaction for cholesterol. Measurement of the reaction of cholesterol with ferric chloride is simpler. Still, there are great differences between the results when different methods are used to measure the microquantities of cholesterol present in small volumes of serum or cerebrospinal fluid. In the proposed method, the simpler ferric chloride technique has been made highly sensitive by use of fluorometry. As little as 100 µl of cerebrospinal fluid, containing less than 1 µg of cholesterol, may be used, and the reaction is stable for as long as 1 h. Interference was negligible from pigments (such as bilirubin and hemoglobin), certain drugs, and ionic substances that might be expected to affect fluorescence.
Application of Fe+2-5-PyridylBenzodiazepin-2-Ones to the Automated Determinations of Serum Iron and Iron-Binding Capacity
Authors: Klein Bernard , Kleinman Norman , Searcy Ronald L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated procedure has been developed for determining serum iron content and iron-binding capacity with a new iron-chelating ligand, a 5-pyridyl-benzodiazepin-2-one derivative. A simplified manifold and flow system, together with improved reagent combinations, offer distinct advantages over existing automated procedures. The results obtained by automated analysis for serum iron and iron-binding capacity agree excellently with those obtained by the corresponding manual procedure.
The Preservation of Urine Specimens for δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Determination
Authors: Vincent William F , Ullman William W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of light exposure and temperature on urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid recovery was studied. Addition of tartaric acid and storage of urine specimens in the dark results in excellent recovery of δ-aminolevulinic acid, even after several days at room temperature. Proper handling and storage of urine collected during surveys of lead poisoning are emphasized.
Diagnostic Application of Metabolic Studies with Isotopes
Authors: Hutterer Ferenc , Sarkozi Laszlo , Roboz John , Bacchin Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mechanism of the maintenance of normoglycemia in chloroform intoxication in rats was studied with isotopes. Metabolic pathways were altered before the concentration of blood glucose changed significantly. Measurement of the incorporation of precursors rather than the determination of the concentration of the metabolic end products (e.g., glucose) may provide more diagnostic information and may more sensitively detect early diseases or disease stages.
Effect of a Chemically Defined Diet on Urinary Excretion of Minerals and Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Young D S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A diet of known composition, prepared from pure chemicals, was fed to a healthy man for five days. Urinary excretion of minerals, ultraviolet-absorbing compounds, phenolic acids, indoles, and phenolic amines was determined by use of conventional techniques, high-resolution column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. The excretion of compounds during the period of the synthetic diet was compared with that when a self-selected diet was ingested. Institution of the synthetic diet caused a decrease in mineral excretion, and also caused the excretion of many aromatic compounds to decrease markedly. Several additional compounds could be attributed to the flavoring agent in the diet. We conclude that many compounds present in urine samples have a dietary origin primarily, and that it is necessary to feed diets of known composition before satisfactory metabolic studies may be undertaken.
Amphetamines in Human Urine: Rapid Estimation by Gas—Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Schweitzer J W , Friedhoff A J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for the quantitative determination of amphetamine and p-methoxyamphetamine and for the semiquantitative determination of methamphetamine, mephentermine, and normephentermine in human urine. An internal reference compound, phenethylamine, is added to 5 ml of urine. The urine is extracted at low pH to remove acidic contaminants, then at high pH with chloroform, in which the amines were acetylated with acetic anhydride. After evaporation, the residue, dissolved in dioxane, is injected onto a column at 215°C, packed with 8% ethyleneglycol adipate on Chromosorb W, 100-120 mesh, except at both ends, where the packing was 8% silicon rubber SE 30 on Chromosorb W, 100-120 mesh. The excretion rate of amphetamines by patients admitted with a diagnosis of amphetamine psychosis was measured.
Quality Control in the Astrup Method for Determining Acid-Base Parameters in Blood
Authors: Russell C D , Roeher H-D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a method for automatic error screening by digital computer of acid-base data obtained by the Astrup procedure. It is based on the detection of discrepancies between the slope of the line joining the high- and low-pCOCO2, measurements on the Astrup diagram and the known slope for human blood.
Glucose Assay Systems: Evaluation of a Colorimetric Hexokinase Procedure
Authors: Wright Walter R , Rainwater John C , Tolle Lawrence D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric enzymatic assay system for glucose was evaluated. The system uses hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phospho-transferase; EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.49) coupled with a PMS-INT reaction (phenazine methosulfate; 2-p-iodophenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride). The precision, range of linearity, reproducibility of standard curve, and stability of reagents after reconstitution are excellent. The method is specific for glucose in the presence of mannose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and ribose. Uric acid, urea, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, or creatinine at abnormally high concentrations do not interfere. Good correlations (with unselected hospital sera) were obtained in parallel assays by ferricyanide (AutoAnalyzer), o-toluidine (manual), and hexokinase (manual) procedures. Results obtained by the neocuproine (SMA-12/30) method in the parallel assays were significantly different from results obtained by the other three procedures.