bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodialysis taping styles and their effect on reducing the chance of venous needle dislodgement
Authors: Chan Dominic Y. F. , Dobson Scott , Barber Tracie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionVascular access complications are common among hemodialysis patients, although most are not immediately life‐threatening. However, inconsistent taping techniques and incompatible detection mechanisms may lead to venous needle dislodgement (VND), which can lead to catastrophic blood loss. Taping technique does not always meet the recommended best practice and there may be no available protocol for new staff.MethodsThree commonly used taping patterns (the Chevron, butterfly, and overlapping styles) were tested in a mechanical engineering laboratory to determine the forces that each method was capable of withstanding.ResultsWhile all taping styles were confirmed to have an adhesive force stronger than the inherent force from the venous jet flow of blood, the overlapping style was found to have limited capability beyond this minimum criterion. Both the butterfly and Chevron styles demonstrated excellent holding capability, with elongation of dislodgement particularly noted for the butterfly style, and slightly stronger hold noted for the Chevron style. The Chevron style may be better suited to lateral movements from all directions, due to the taping direction.ConclusionsWe recommend that either the Chevron or butterfly style is used for dialysis needle taping, with the butterfly better suited to home dialysis (where monitors may be used) and the Chevron better suited for in‐care patients who may present erratic movements. The overlapping style is not recommended for use.
The role of Interleukin‐32 in autoimmunity
Authors: de Albuquerque Rafael , Komsi Elina , Starskaia Inna , Ullah Ubaid , Lahesmaa Riitta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterleukin‐32 (IL‐32) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that induces other cytokines involved in inflammation, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Recent evidence suggests that IL‐32 has a crucial role in host defence against pathogens, as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Abnormal IL‐32 expression has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, and a recent study suggested the importance of IL‐32 in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, despite accumulating evidence, many molecular characteristics of this cytokine, including the secretory route and the receptor for IL‐32, remain largely unknown. In addition, the IL‐32 gene is found in higher mammals but not in rodents. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of IL‐32 biological functions, properties, and its role in autoimmune diseases. We particularly highlight the role of IL‐32 in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
Pension Reform Disabled*
Authors: Galaasen Sigurd Mølster 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper builds a quantitative life‐cycle model with endogenous retirement to study how disability insurance (DI) and old‐age pension programs interact with health and wages to determine retirement age. Individuals face uncertain future health and wages, and if in bad health, they can retire with DI before reaching the statutory retirement age. I use the model to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of pension reforms. The main contribution is that, in contrast to standard macro pension models, my model includes DI as another endogenous retirement margin. I show that it is crucial to account for program substitution when evaluating welfare reforms.
Monetary policy frameworks in the Middle East and North Africa: How do they compare with other groupings?
Authors: Cobham David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a classification of the monetary policy frameworks (MPFs) of 19 MENA countries from 1974 to 2017. It identifies the key trends in the region and contrasts them with the trends among three other groups: advanced countries, emerging countries and Latin American countries. It considers likely reasons for the MPF choices of MENA governments and notes the economic performance associated in the region and elsewhere with different MPFs. It examines how these MPF choices relate to trends in central bank independence and transparency, and in democracy and governance. Finally, it brings these elements together in an argument that a move to democracy in the MENA countries could open the way to monetary policy frameworks that would offer improved economic performance.
Ethnicity as a predictor of gender segregation among young children in an informal urban settlement in Kenya
Authors: Fouts Hillary N. , Bader Lauren R. , Neitzel Carin L. , Salinas Daniela A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the emergence of gender segregation in early childhood is a well‐established pattern in formal settings (i.e., group childcare, preschool) from research predominantly in North America, little is known about the gender segregation among young children in Sub‐Saharan Africa, especially in the contexts of ethnically diverse informal urban settlements. Using naturalistic observations of 62 focal‐children (2 to 4 year olds) from 4 ethnic groups (Kamba, Kikuyu, Luo, and Maasai) in one informal urban settlement in Kenya, we examined the gender segregation in social interactions and proximity to other children in their daily lives. Focal‐children's ethnicity, age, and gender were considered as potential predictors of gender segregation (i.e., tendency to spend time in close proximity or social interaction with children of their same gender). Ethnicity was the best predictor of gender segregation, as Maasai children exhibited more evidence of gender segregation than children of other ethnicities. Age and gender did not predict the patterns of gender segregation in this sample. Findings are discussed with respect to cultural roles related to gender, ethnically diverse urban communities, social development in early childhood, and prevalent assumptions about the universality of gender segregation in early childhood.
The multisensory engagement with the Qur'an: Teaching the Qur'an beyond the written word
Authors: Umashankar Rachana Rao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Qur'an in the Islamic tradition, understood as the veritable word of God addressed directly to Muhammad, is much more than sacred text: it is the embodiment of the divine in humanity's midst. This understanding has impacted how Muslims engage with it, resulting in what I term the “multisensory engagement with the Qur'an.” That is, Muslims primarily engage with the Qur'an through visual, aural, oral, tactile, and emotive avenues. And yet, in most undergraduate religion courses, the Qur'an is taught only as text and not asbeyondtext. Through a brief survey of the Islamic conceptualization of the Qur'an, I propose that a deliberate strategy is needed to give non‐textual modes of engagement equal space. Since Religious Studies pedagogies should be more in line with how the Qur'an is used and understood by Muslims, I offer a sample pedagogical model to teach this multisensory engagement with the Qur'an.
The immunophilin Zonda controls regulated exocytosis in endocrine and exocrine tissues
Authors: de la Riva‐Carrasco Rocío , Perez‐Pandolfo Sebastián , Suárez Freire Sofía , Romero Nuria M. , Bhujabal Zambarlal , Johansen Terje , Wappner Pablo , Melani Mariana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExocytosis is a fundamental process in physiology, that ensures communication between cells, organs and even organisms. Hormones, neuropeptides and antibodies, among other cargoes are packed in exocytic vesicles that need to reach and fuse with the plasma membrane to release their content to the extracellular milieu. Hundreds of proteins participate in this process and several others in its regulation. We report here a novel component of the exocytic machinery, the Drosophila transmembrane immunophilin Zonda (Zda), previously found to participate in autophagy. Zda is highly expressed in secretory tissues, and regulates exocytosis in at least three of them: the ring gland, insulin‐producing cells and the salivary gland. Using the salivary gland as a model system, we found that Zda is required at final steps of the exocytic process for fusion of secretory granules to the plasma membrane. In a genetic screen we identified the small GTPase RalA as a crucial regulator of secretory granule exocytosis that is required, similarly to Zda, for fusion between the secretory granule and the plasma membrane.
The cytologic and histologic diagnosis of ureteral fibroepithelial polyp in a dog
Authors: Etzioni Athema L. , Raskin Rose E. , Van Alstine William G. , Yu Jeff 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, intact male, brindled, 30‐Lb English Bulldog presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a recurrent history of hematuria, periuria, and lethargy that responded temporarily to antibiotic therapy. The work‐up included a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, complete urinalysis, diagnostic imaging (abdominal radiographs and ultrasound with contrast urography), and exploratory laparotomy. The diagnostic imaging findings and subsequent exploratory revealed a unilateral, intraluminal, right‐sided, 3‐cm ureteral mass extending from the proximal ureter into the renal pelvis. Subsequently, a unilateral right‐sided ureteronephrectomy followed by biopsy with cytopathology/cytology (impression smears) and histopathology of the ureteral mass was performed. The cytopathologic interpretation was benign mesenchymal proliferation with mildly atypical urothelial cells. The association of this mass with vascular tissue and a benign nuclear appearance on cytology is similar to reports of fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) and myxomatous tumors. Histopathology diagnosed the mass as an FEP. Cytopathology proved useful in the presumptive diagnosis of this benign urothelial polyp. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report using cytopathology to depict and characterize FEPs in veterinary and human medical literature.
Validation of a standardized donor health questionnaire across substances of human origin
Authors: Sandner Sabrina , Merz Eva‐Maria , van den Hurk Katja , van Kraaij Marian , Mikkelsen Christina , Ullum Henrik , Clement Michel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesA donor health questionnaire (DHQ) aims to ensure the safety of donors and recipients of transfusions or transplantations with blood components, plasma‐derived medicinal products, tissues, haematopoietic stem cells and medically assisted reproduction (in short substances of human origin; SoHO). Currently, many different DHQs exist across countries and SoHO. TRANSPOSE (TRANSfusion and transplantation PrOtection and SElection of donors) developed and validated a standardized DHQ to use across countries and SoHO. We tested whether participants understand the questions and provide honest answers.MethodsFor the validation of the standardized DHQ, two demographically representative online surveys were conducted in Germany (N = 3329) and Austria (N = 3432). We surveyed whether participants understood each DHQ question and would answer the questions truthfully. We used experimental settings to test whether there is a difference between mode of administration (print vs. online), the order of the questions (subject vs. chronological order), and the positioning of thegeneral state of healthquestion (beginning vs. end) in the DHQ. Using regression models, we tested the DHQ’s impact on participant mood after completion and on socially desirable response behaviour.ResultsParticipants understood the DHQ questions well and would answer them honestly. Nevertheless, the data show different levels of understanding and honesty when responding. Administration mode was the only characteristic that had a significant influence on mood, with the online version resulting in a more favourable mood in comparison to the printed version.ConclusionThe DHQ was well understood and had a low dishonest tendency. Our findings can serve as an impulse for further research on DHQ criteria across other SoHO and countries.
Hypothesis of Twin Deficits in Cote d’Ivoire: The Nonlinear Effect Analysis with a Smooth Transition Autoregression Model (STAR)
Authors: Lopez GREKOU Gahié 
Published: December 2020

This paper tests the hypothesis of double deficit in Côte d'Ivoire in non-linear aid framework, using an autoregressive smooth transition model (STAR). The main results validate the hypothesis of double deficit in Côte d' Ivoire. The effect of current balance on budget balance is greater than budget balance on current balance. Moreover, the rapid effects of current account instability on fiscal balance reveal the lack of expectation by economic agents that leads to current account deterioration compared to the deterioration of budget balance. Thus, economic policies aimed at influencing the effect on current balance would be more effective than those aimed at the effect on budget balance. In other words, Ivorian economy adopts a Keynesian performance in the event of current account shocks and performance that tend to be more or less Ricardian in presence of fiscal policy shock.
Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide deficient mice
Authors: McMillan Thecla Rae , Forster Maeghan A. M. , Short Landon I. , Rudecki Alexander P. , Cline Daemon L. , Gray Sarah L. 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Can chronic treatment of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) deficient mice with the melanocortin agonist melanotan II during cold acclimation rescue the impaired thermogenic capacity previously observed in PACAP deficient mice?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Using a genetic model of PACAP deficiency, this study provides evidence that PACAP acts upstream of the melanocortin system in regulating sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue in mice.

AbstractImpaired adipose tissue function in obesity, including reduced thermogenic potential, has detrimental consequences for metabolic health. Hormonal regulation of adaptive thermogenesis is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for human obesity. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide expressed in nuclei of the hypothalamus known to regulate energy expenditure, and functional studies reveal a role for PACAP in the central regulation of thermogenesis, although mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that PACAP acts upstream of the melanocortin system to regulate sympathetic nerve activity to stimulate thermogenesis. To assess this, female PACAP−/− and PACAP+/+ mice were given daily peripheral injections of a melanocortin receptor agonist, melanotan II (MTII), for 3 weeks during cold acclimation, and the effect of MTII on thermogenic capacity and adipose tissue remodelling was examined by physiological and histological analyses. MTII partially rescued the impaired thermogenic capacity in PACAP−/− mice as compared to PACAP+/+ mice as determined by measuring noradrenaline‐induced metabolic rate. In addition, MTII treatment during cold acclimation corrected the previously identified deficit in lipid utilization in response to adrenergic stimulation in PACAP−/− null mice, suggesting impaired lipid mobilization may contribute to the impaired thermogenic capacity of PACAP−/− mice. Results presented here provide physiological evidence to suggest that PACAP acts upstream of melanocortin receptors to facilitate sympathetically induced mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold acclimation.
Investigating Coupled Train-Bridge-Bearing System Under Earthquake- and Train-Induced Excitations
Authors: Li Hongwei , Gomez Daniel , Dyke Shirley J. , Xu Zhaodong , Dai Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamic interaction between a bridge and a moving train has been widely studied. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how the presence of isolation bearings influences the dynamic response, especially when an earthquake occurs. Here, we formulate a coupled model of a train-bridge-bearing system to examine the bearings’ dynamic effects on the system responses. In the analysis, the train is modeled as a moving oscillator, the bridge is a one span simply supported beam and one isolation bearing is installed under each support of the bridge. A mathematical model using fractional derivatives is used to capture the viscoelastic properties of the bearings. The vertical response is the focus of this investigation. Dynamic substructuring is used in modeling to efficiently capture the coupled dynamics of the entire system. Illustrative numerical simulations are carried out to examine the effects of the bearings. The results demonstrate that although the presence of bearings typically decreases the bridge seismic responses, there is a potential to increase the bridge response induced by the moving train.
Mitigation of Stick-Slip Vibrations in Drilling Systems With Tuned Top Boundary Parameters
Authors: Liu Xianbo , Zhang Zhao , Zheng Xie , Long Xinhua , Meng Guang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aiming at preventing stick-slip oscillations in drilling systems for oil and gas explorations, a reduced-order model is proposed to capture the nonlinear torsional dynamics of drilling operations. In this model, the drill string structure is simplified as a single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) system suffering from dry frictions at the drill bit, while the electromechanical boundary generated by the top drive system is modeled as another tunable DOF used for stick-slip suppression. To simplify and parameterize the problems, a normalized 2DOF system with negative damping and tunable parameters is deduced via nondimensionalization and linearization. Based on this system, stability criteria are obtained analytically in the five-dimensional parametric space. Stable regions and the optimized boundary parameters are found analytically. The results suggest that the system can be stabilized by an optimally tuned boundary when and only when the magnitude of the negative damping is no greater than 2. It also reveals that the stability deteriorates if the inertia on the top is huge and nonadjustable, which is the commonest scenario for commercial drilling rigs nowadays. Finally, applications of the tuned boundary in a typical drilling system for stick-slip mitigation are conducted and verified numerically. The results indicate that the control performance can be potentially enhanced by three to five times, via an additional virtual negative inertia generated by the top drive motor. This research provides an alternative approach to fully optimize the top boundary for curing stick-slip vibrations in drilling systems.
The Relationship of Self-efficacy and Explicit and Implicit Associations on the Intention–Behavior Gap
Authors: Divine Alison , Berry Tanya , Rodgers Wendy , Hall Craig 
Published: December 2020

Background:Recent physical activity research is limited by intention–behavior discordance and is beginning to recognize the importance of automatic processes in exercise. The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of multidimensional exercise self-efficacy (SE), explicit–implicit evaluative discrepancies (EIEDs) for health, and appearance on the intention–behavior gap in exercise.Methods:A total of 141 middle-aged inactive participants (mean age = 46.12 [8.17] y) completed measures of intentions, SE, and explicit and implicit evaluations of exercise outcomes. The participants were classified as inclined actors (n = 107) if they successfully started the exercise program and inclined abstainers (n = 35) if they were not successful.Results:The inclined actors and abstainers did not differ on intentions to exercise; however, the inclined actors had higher coping SE and lower EIEDs for health. In addition, the coping SE (Exp [β] = 1.03) and EIEDs for health (Exp [β] = −0.405) were significant predictors of being an inclined actor.Conclusions:The interaction between explicit and implicit processes in regard to health motives for exercise appears to influence the successful enactment of exercise from positive intentions. As most physical activity promotion strategies focus on health as a reason to be active, the role of implicit and explicit evaluations on behavioral decisions to exercise may inform future interventions.
Climate forcing of terrestrial carbon sink during the Middle Jurassic greenhouse climate: Chronostratigraphic analysis of the Yan’an Formation, Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Wang Tiantian , Ramezani Jahandar , Lv Dawei , Wang Chengshan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Exploring the relationship between coal deposits as an important terrestrial carbon sink and orbital forcing of climate is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and climate change. The Jurassic greenhouse period, characterized by extensive coal reserves widely distributed in the mid-latitude terrestrial basins, marks a significant coal-forming interval in Earth's history. However, understanding of the processes that controlled the formation and distribution of coal at this time is inadequate. The Yan’an Formation of the Ordos Basin in north central China is among the largest and most extensively studied Jurassic coal reservoirs of the world. Here we establish a high-resolution age framework for the Yan’an Formation derived from integrated, high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology using chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) on interstratified ash beds and cyclostratigraphy based on centimeter-scale magnetic susceptibility. Accordingly, the main coal-forming interval of the Yan’an Formation spanned ca. 174.0 Ma to &lt;171.7 Ma, which coincided with the onset of the Middle Jurassic. The spectral analyses of the Yan’an Formation coal seams demonstrate a strong correlation to minima in the 405 k.y. orbital eccentricity cycles, suggesting a strong climate control on lake level fluctuations and clastic sediment input. Finally, we explore the cyclicity of a large set of published marine carbon isotope data from western Tethys and its phase relationship to cyclic coal deposition in the Ordos Basin. Our resutls underscore the role of terrestrial organic carbon burial in the global carbon cycle during the Middle Jurassic.
Consumption of spiders by the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Maucieri D.G. , Barclay R.M.R. 
Published: December 2020

Intraspecific variation in diet and (or) foraging behaviour is one way in which species are able to occupy wide geographical areas with variable environments. The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831)), a primarily aerial insectivorous bat, consumes spiders in low temperatures at the start and end of summer in Northwest Territories, Canada, but it consumes spiders all summer, even during high aerial insect abundance, in Alaska, USA. There are no competitors of M. lucifugus in Alaska, but there are in Northwest Territories, suggesting that aerial insect abundance and competition from gleaning bats influences when M. lucifugus consumes spiders. In the Kananaskis area of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada, we investigated spider consumption by M. lucifugus and the long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864)), a species more adept at gleaning, to better understand when bats consume spiders. Fecal sample analysis indicated that M. evotis consumed spiders all season long, with greater consumption when the bats were caught near water. Myotis lucifugus did not consume spiders at all. This suggests that M. lucifugus opportunistically consumes spiders when encountered, but does not encounter them in Kananaskis where it forages primarily over open water, unlike in Northwest Territories where it forages in the interior of forests and may encounter spiders more frequently.