bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time series analysis of cow milk production at Andassa dairy farm, West Gojam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Taye Birhan Ambachew , Alene Alemayehu Amsalu , Nega Ashenafi Kalayu , Yirsaw Bantie Getnet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMilk production is an integral part of Andassa agricultural farming system, even though the area has potential for milk and dairy products, there is always a great demand for milk and milk products among people. However there are no long-term researches done on the area for forecasting the volume of milk production. Therefore this study was attempted to investigate the trends of actual yield of cow milk production and forecast the volume of milk. A time series study was conducted on the volume of cow’s milk production in Andassa dairy farm, and here we used secondary data for this study. The study employed inferential statistics for the purpose of hypothesis testing, estimating the trend, to fit the appropriate model and forecasting. A total of 179 days of milk production were included in this study, and the results showed that the trend of milk yield of caws is decreasing and it is time dependent. The model that has been selected for forecasting volume of milk production is ARIMA (1, 2, 1) since the model was found to be a better model.
An Eye on COVID: Hurricane Preparedness at a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site
Authors: Maslanka Meghan , Hurwitz Jacob A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:In March 2020, the Louisiana Department of Health activated the Medical Monitoring Station (MMS) in downtown New Orleans. This alternative care site is designed to decompress hospitals and nursing homes overwhelmed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the city’s historic vulnerability to hurricanes, planning for possible tropical weather events has been a priority for MMS leadership.Methods:The planning process incorporated input from all sectors/agencies working at the facility, to ensure consistency and cohesion. The MMS Shelter-in-Place Plan (MSIPP) was created, and a comprehensive tabletop exercise was conducted.Results:Six planning topics emerged as a result of the planning process and were used to create a comprehensive plan for sheltering-in-place. These topics address hurricane preparedness for patient care, interfacility coordination, wrap-around services, medical logistics, essential staffing, and incident command during a shelter-in-place scenario.Conclusions:The MSIPP created by the MMS helped to maximize patient safety and continuity of operations during a real-world event. Select pieces of the plan were activated to meet the needs and threat level of Tropical Storm Cristobal. This experience reinforced the need for originality, scalability, and flexibility in building emergency operations plans in the midst of an unprecedented pandemic.
Managing the Pandemic: The Italian Strategy for Fighting COVID-19 and the Challenge of Sharing Administrative Powers
Authors: VESE Donato 
Published: September 2020

This article analyses the administrative measures and, more specifically, the administrative strategy implemented in the immediacy of the emergency by the Italian government in order to determine whether it was effective in managing the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the country. In analysing the administrative strategy, the article emphasises the role that the current system of constitutional separation of powers plays in emergency management and how this system can impact health risk assessment. An explanation of the risk management system in Italian and European Union (EU) law is provided and the following key legal issues are addressed: (1) the notion and features of emergency risk regulation from a pandemic perspective, distinguishing between risk and emergency; (2) the potential and limits of the precautionary principle in EU law; and (3) the Italian constitutional scenario with respect to the main provisions regulating central government, regional and local powers. Specifically, this article argues that the administrative strategy for effectively implementing emergency risk regulation based on an adequate and correct risk assessment requires “power sharing” across the different levels of government with the participation of all of the institutional actors involved in the decision-making process: Government, Regions and local authorities.“And the flames of the tripods expired. And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all”.Edgar Allan Poe, The Mask of the Red Death, Complete Tales and Poems(New York, Vintage Books 1975) p 273
Decline of nutritional status in the first week of hospitalisation predicts longer length of stay and hospital readmission during 6-month follow-up
Authors: Lima Júlia , Teixeira Paula Portal , Eckert Igor da Conceição , Burgel Camila Ferri , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNutritional status (NS) monitoring is an essential step of the nutrition care process. To assess changes in NS throughout hospitalisation and its ability to predict clinical outcomes, a prospective cohort study with patients over 18 years of age was conducted. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was performed within 48 h of admission and 7 d later. For each patient, decline in NS was assessed by two different methods: changes in SGA category and severe weight loss alone (≥2 % during the first week of hospitalisation). Patients were followed up until discharge to assess length of hospital stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality and contacted 6 months post-discharge to assess hospital readmission and death. Out of the 601 patients assessed at admission, 299 remained hospitalised for at least 7 d; of those, 16·1 % had a decline in SGA category and 22·8 % had severe weight loss alone. In multivariable analysis, decline in SGA category was associated with 2-fold (95 % CI 1·06, 4·21) increased odds of prolonged LOS and 3·6 (95 % CI 1·05, 12·26) increased odds of hospital readmission at 6 months. Severe weight loss alone was associated with 2·5-increased odds (95 % CI 1·40, 4·64) of prolonged LOS. In conclusion, deterioration of NS was more often identified by severe weight loss than by decline in SGA category. While both methods were associated with prolonged LOS, only changes in the SGA predicted hospital readmission. These findings reinforce the importance of nutritional monitoring and provide guidance for further research to prevent short-term NS deterioration from being left undetected.
Insiders under pressure: Flexibilization at the margins and wage inequality
Authors: WEISSTANNER DAVID 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rise of flexible employment in advanced democracies has been predominantly studied in the insider-outsider framework of the dualization literature. However, against the background of rising income inequality, it seems questionable to assume that all labor market insiders are equally affected by flexibilization. This paper explores whether flexibilization increases wage inequality among labor market insiders. I argue that flexibilization exposes insiders to a set of wage risks that are concentrated among low- and middle-income insiders, creating downward wage pressure on those insiders. The empirical analysis, covering 22 democracies between 1985 and 2016, finds that the deregulation of non-standard employment is associated with declining wage shares of low-income and middle-income earners, while top earners benefit. These major distributional shifts imply an important qualification of the dualization literature: rather than pitting insiders against outsiders, flexibilization ‘at the margins’ seems to exacerbate divides among insiders.
AdHealth: a feasibility study to measure digital food marketing to adolescents through Facebook
Authors: Kidd B , Mackay S , Swinburn B , Lutteroth C , Vandevijvere S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To test the feasibility of a browser extension to estimate the exposure of adolescents to (un)healthy food and beverage advertisements on Facebook and the persuasive techniques used to market these foods and beverages.Design:A Chrome browser extension (AdHealth) was developed to automatically collect advertisements seen by participants on their personal Facebook accounts. Information was extracted and sent to a web server by parsing the Document Object Model tree representation of Facebook web pages. Key information retrieved included the advertisement type seen and duration of each ad sighting. The WHO-Europe Nutrient Profile Model was used to classify the healthiness of products advertised as permitted (healthy) or not permitted (unhealthy) to be advertised to children.Setting:Auckland, New Zealand.Participants:Thirty-four Facebook users aged 16–18 years.Results:The browser extension retrieved 4973 advertisements from thirty-four participants, of which 204 (4 %) were food-related, accounting for 1·1 % of the exposure duration. Of those food advertisements, 98 % were classified as not permitted, and 33·7 and 31·9 %, respectively, of those featured promotional characters or premium offers. The mean rate of exposure to not permitted food was 4·8 (sd = 2·5) advertisements per hour spent on Facebook.Conclusions:Using a Chrome extension to monitor exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertisements showed that the vast majority of advertisements were for unhealthy products, despite numerous challenges to implementation. Further efforts are needed to develop tools for use across other social media platforms and mobile devices, and policies to protect young people from digital food advertising.
Screening Turkish maize landraces for kernel oil content and oil quality traits
Authors: Kahriman Fatih , Aktaş Fatma , Songur Umut , Şerment Mehmet , Egesel Cem Ömer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, maize landraces, previously collected from different regions of Turkey through a national maize breeding project, were screened for kernel oil content and oil quality. After a seed reproduction in 2017, the screening trial was conducted in 2018, using an Augmented Experimental Design with 192 local maize populations along with seven check hybrids. Data were collected on oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, total carotenoid and total tocopherol contents. The results showed that there was a considerable amount of genetic variation among the Turkish maize landraces for almost all the traits investigated in this study. Some of the evaluated landraces are available that could be considered as high oil variety or special genotypes in terms of certain oil quality traits. Landraces had significantly higher values than checks for oil content, oleic acid, MUFA and tocopherol contents. Genetic analyses suggest that the kernel quality traits could be successfully manipulated using the investigated plant material. Heritability values were found high for all the traits of interest, except for saturated fatty acid and total carotenoid content. The promising landraces detected in this study could be exploited in future breeding programmes upon further evaluations at the population level.
Thank You to Our 2019 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Rajaram Harihar , Camargo Suzana , Carey Rebecca , Corey Rose M. , Dombard Andrew J. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Flesch Lucy , Giannini Alessandra , Hayes Gavin , Huber Christian , Hogg Andy M. , Ivanov Valeriy , Jacobsen Steven D. , Korte Monika , Lu Gang , Morlighem Mathieu , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Opher Merav , Patricola Christina M. , Ritsema Jeroen , Sprintall Janet , Su Hui , Thornton Joel A. , Trouet Valerie , Wang Kaicun , White Angelicque E. , Yau Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed the manuscripts for Geophysical Research Letters in 2019. The hours reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. With the revival of the “major revisions” decisions, we appreciate the reviewers' efforts on multiple versions of some manuscripts. With the advent of AGU's data policy, many reviewers have helped immensely to evaluate the accessibility and availability of data associated with the papers they have reviewed, and many have provided insightful comments that helped to improve the data presentation and quality. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the reviewers in advancing open science, which is a key objective of AGU's data policy. Many of those listed below went beyond and reviewed three or more manuscripts for our journal, and those are indicated in italics.
Body Waves Retrieved From Noise Cross‐Correlation Reveal Lower Mantle Scatterers Beneath the Northwest Pacific Subduction Zone
Authors: Zhang Limeng , Li Juan , Wang Tao , Yang Fan , Chen Qi‐Fu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeismological studies have revealed heterogeneities at scales of 10–1,000 km in the lower mantle. For the first time, we demonstrate here that seismic interferometry of ambient noise can be used to detect faint scattered waves. We locate scattering structures at depths of ~900–1,000 km from P‐to‐P scattered wave signals in stacks of vertical cross‐correlograms from dense seismic arrays in northeast China. Independently, we show that this scattering structure produces S‐to‐P converted signals in the recordings of a deep earthquake. We constrain the thickness (H), the contrasts of the shear wave speed (δVs), and density (δρ) of the anomaly using 1‐D synthetics. Our modeling of both the reflected and converted signals indicates that H = 10–20 km, δVs = −7.2%, and δρ = 0.6%, which are similar to values reported previously and consistent with the interpretation that the scattering structure is a fragment of the basaltic oceanic crust associated with the subducted Izanagi plate.
Large‐Eddy Simulation of Idealized Hurricanes at Different Sea Surface Temperatures
Authors: Ren Hehe , Dudhia Jimy , Li Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdealized hurricanes are studied at four different sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of 26°, 27°, 28°, and 29°C in six nested domains down to 62‐m grid size. For the maximum and the distribution of wind speed, domain D6 (62 m) is similar to domain D5 (185 m) showing convergence near 200 m. For SST of 26°, domain D5 does not have small‐scale turbulence structures like the other three cases, which is an extension of the previous work of Rotunno et al. (2009; https://doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2884.1) who only obtained resolved gusts at 62 m. The distribution function of speed changes between the 27° and 28° cases, the latter one having a second peak, related to a structural change. Finally, it is suggested that the damage potential is not simply determined by the maximum wind speed because of the distribution change so a new damage indicator that represents potential damage is proposed.
Assessing invasiveness of subsolid lung adenocarcinomas with combined attenuation and geometric feature models
Authors: de Margerie-Mellon Constance , Gill Ritu R. , Salazar Pascal , Oikonomou Anastasia , Nguyen Elsie T. , Heidinger Benedikt H. , Medina Mayra A. , VanderLaan Paul A. , Bankier Alexander A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and test multiclass predictive models for assessing the invasiveness of individual lung adenocarcinomas presenting as subsolid nodules on computed tomography (CT). 227 lung adenocarcinomas were included: 31 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in situ (class H1), 64 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (class H2) and 132 invasive adenocarcinomas (class H3). Nodules were segmented, and geometric and CT attenuation features including functional principal component analysis features (FPC1 and FPC2) were extracted. After a feature selection step, two predictive models were built with ordinal regression: Model 1 based on volume (log) (logarithm of the nodule volume) and FPC1, and Model 2 based on volume (log) and Q.875 (CT attenuation value at the 87.5% percentile). Using the 200-repeats Monte-Carlo cross-validation method, these models provided a multiclass classification of invasiveness with discriminative power AUCs of 0.83 to 0.87 and predicted the class probabilities with less than a 10% average error. The predictive modelling approach adopted in this paper provides a detailed insight on how the value of the main predictors contribute to the probability of nodule invasiveness and underlines the role of nodule CT attenuation features in the nodule invasiveness classification.
Multi-omic single cell analysis resolves novel stromal cell populations in healthy and diseased human tendon
Authors: Kendal Adrian R. , Layton Thomas , Al-Mossawi Hussein , Appleton Louise , Dakin Stephanie , Brown Rick , Loizou Constantinos , Rogers Mark , Sharp Robert , Carr Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTendinopathy accounts for over 30% of primary care consultations and represents a growing healthcare challenge in an active and increasingly ageing population. Recognising critical cells involved in tendinopathy is essential in developing therapeutics to meet this challenge. Tendon cells are heterogenous and sparsely distributed in a dense collagen matrix; limiting previous methods to investigate cell characteristics ex vivo. We applied next generation CITE-sequencing; combining surface proteomics with in-depth, unbiased gene expression analysis of > 6400 single cells ex vivo from 11 chronically tendinopathic and 8 healthy human tendons. Immunohistochemistry validated the single cell findings. For the first time we show that human tendon harbours at least five distinct COL1A1/2 expressing tenocyte populations in addition to endothelial cells, T-cells, and monocytes. These consist of KRT7/SCX+ cells expressing microfibril associated genes, PTX3+ cells co-expressing high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, APOD+ fibro–adipogenic progenitors, TPPP3/PRG4+ chondrogenic cells, and ITGA7+ smooth muscle-mesenchymal cells. Surface proteomic analysis identified markers by which these sub-classes could be isolated and targeted in future. Chronic tendinopathy was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers PTX3, CXCL1, CXCL6, CXCL8, and PDPN by microfibril associated tenocytes. Diseased endothelium had increased expression of chemokine and alarmin genes including IL33.
Increased insect herbivore performance under elevated CO2 is associated with lower plant defence signalling and minimal declines in nutritional quality
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Waterman Jamie M. , Hall Casey R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in insect herbivore performance under elevated atmosphere carbon dioxide concentrations e[CO2] are often driven by changes in the nutritional and defensive chemistry of their host plants. Studies addressing how the prolific pest cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) responds to e[CO2] show that performance usually declines, often associated with lower nutritional (e.g. nitrogen (N) concentrations) quality of host plants under e[CO2]. We investigated the impacts of e[CO2] on nutritional quality and anti-herbivore (jasmonate) defensive signalling in lucerne (Medicago sativa) when challenged by H. armigera. While foliar N decreased under e[CO2], other aspects of nutritional quality (soluble protein, amino acids, foliar C:N) were largely unaffected, potentially due to increased root nodulation under e[CO2]. In contrast, e[CO2] greatly reduced jasmonate signalling in M. sativa following H. armigera attack; jasmonic acid concentrations were ca. 56% lower in attacked plants grown under e[CO2]. Concurrent with this, relative growth rates of H. armigera were ca. 66% higher when feeding on e[CO2]-grown plants. In contrast with previous reports, which we meta-analytically summarise, we provide the first evidence that H. armigera performance can increase under e[CO2]. This may occur in plants, such as M. sativa, where e[CO2] has limited impacts on nutritional quality yet reduces jasmonate defence signalling.
Synergetic enhancement in the reactivity and stability of surface-oxide-free fine Al particles covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene nanolayer
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Kim Kyung Tae , Lee Dong Uk , Jung Soo-Ho , Yu Jihun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface oxide (Al2O3) of reactive fine aluminum (Al) particles for solid fuels, propellants, and brazing materials often restricted oxidative performance, though the passivation film acts to protect Al particles from exploding. Here, we report fine Al particles fully covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer instead of an Al2O3 film on the surface. This advance is based on the introduction of strong Al–F bonds, known to be an alternative to the Al–O bonds of surface oxides. The DSC results on the PTFE-coated Al particles exhibit higher reactive-exothermic enthalpy energy (12.26 kJ g−1) than 4.85 kJ g−1 by uncoated Al particles. The artificial aging test of the PTFE layer on the Al particles show long-time stability to the external circumstance compared to those by Al2O3. The activation energy for oxidation was investigated from cyclic voltammetry assessment and the measured peak potentials of the anode curve for PTFE/Al (− 0.45 V) and uncoated Al (− 0.39 V) are achieved, respectively. This means that the PTFE layer is more stable against a sudden explosion of Al particles compared to Al2O3. These results are very useful given its capability to control both the reactivity and stability levels during the oxidation of Al particles for practical applications.
Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania
Authors: Kreppel K. S. , Viana M. , Main B. J. , Johnson P. C. D. , Govella N. J. , Lee Y. , Maliti D. , Meza F. C. , Lanzaro G. C. , Ferguson H. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite significant reductions in malaria transmission across Africa since 2000, progress is stalling. This has been attributed to the development of insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptations in malaria vectors. Whilst insecticide resistance has been widely investigated, there is poorer understanding of the emergence, dynamics and impact of mosquito behavioural adaptations. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of malaria vector host choice over 3 years and resting behaviour over 4 years following a mass long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution in Tanzania. By pairing observations of mosquito ecology with environmental monitoring, we quantified longitudinal shifts in host-choice and resting behaviour that are consistent with adaptation to evade LLINs. The density of An. funestuss.l., declined significantly through time. In tandem, An. arabiensis and An. funestuss.l. exhibited an increased rate of outdoor relative to indoor resting; with An. arabiensis reducing the proportion of blood meals taken from humans in favour of cattle. By accounting for environmental variation, this study detected clear evidence of intra-specific shifts in mosquito behaviour that could be obscured in shorter-term or temporally-coarse surveys. This highlights the importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to vector control, and the value of longer-term behavioural studies.