bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MTPA Control of IPMSM Drives Assisted by Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Bin , Sun Tianfu , Jia Chengli , Yang Riyang , Long Linghui , Liang Jianing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel MTPA control scheme assisted by deep neural network is proposed based on a virtual signal injection concept. The deep neural network models the complex relationship between the electromagnetic torque and the d- and q-axis currents. The mathematical model in the conventional virtual signal injection MTPA control is substituted by the deep neural network. In this way, the MTPA control errors of conventional mathematical model based MTPA control schemes and conventional virtual signal injection based MTPA control schemes due to the neglect of the derivatives of machine parameters with respect to current angle or d-axis current can be avoided. The proposed control scheme was assessed by simulations under various operating conditions. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed MTPA control scheme could control the IPMSM operating on the MTPA points accurately and the errors caused by the neglect of the derivatives of machine parameters with respect to current angle or d-axis current were avoided.
Numerical simulation of convective heat transfer of microencapsulated phase change material slurrys in a circular tube
Authors: Ye H X , Zhao J D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For the Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials slurry(MPCMs)having a large latent heat during the phase change period and having a higher heat convection coefficient than the single-phase fluid, it has become a new thermal fluid of widespread investigation. In this paper, the model of equivalent specific heat is presented to numerical simulate the laminar convective heat transfer performances of MPCMs in a tube under the condition of constant heat flux. The heat transfer of MPCMs in a tube is investigated under various concentrations of MPCMs and heat flux and the correlation of the convective heat transfer with MPCMs in a tube is obtained.
Investigation of groundwater aquifer at Noborejo, Salatiga using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) methods
Authors: Puspita M B , Suyanto I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Local Water Supply Utility (PDAM) of Salatiga, Indonesia planned to build three new wells to meet the needs for clean water and increase the number of customers in Salatiga. The plans for the construction of the new wells are located in Randuancir, Kumpulrejo and Noborejo Sub-Districts. The groundwater aquifer layer in Noborejo Village is detected using the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method, while the determination of the depth of aquifer layer will be controlled by the results of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data processing. 4 ERT lines and 4 VES points were acquired in 2017. The processing results showed that water-containing layer tends to have a lower resistivity value. In the study area, 2 types of aquifers were found, namely unconfined aquifer (usually exploited using dug wells), and confined aquifer which are generally located on the deeper depth. Unconfined aquifers were identified with a lower resistivity value than its surroundings (20-80 Ωm) with an average depth of 25 m on all lines. Whereas confined aquifer has a higher resistivity in the range of 90 Ωm. However, confined aquifers are only found with certainty in Line 1, while in other Lines the possibility of a confined aquifers existence is smaller.
Utilization of baglog waste as bokashi fertilizer with local microorganisms (MOL) activator
Authors: Sunarya D S , Nisyawati  , Wardhana W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to producing bokashi fertilizer from baglog waste treatment with variations of effective microorganism (EM-4) activator, local microorganism (MOL) papaya, MOL banana hump, and MOL cow dung. The research was conducted in February - March 2019 in the central hydroponics greenhouse of Agro Tourism Cilangkap, East Jakarta. Baglog waste as bokashi fertilizer was made with 6 treatment combinations (P0 – P5). The measured bokashi parameters included nutrient content of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). These parameters were then compared with compost quality standards according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The results showed that bokashi fertilizer was able to be made within 21 days, in which the nutrient content parameters were in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004. Overall, the resulting bokashi fertilizer contains much higher K elements than N and P. The findings confirmed that bokashi fertilizer with MOL activator has superior quality (in C, N, P, and K content) compared to that of with EM-4 activator.
Temperature-dependent c-axis lattice-spacing reduction and novel structural recrystallization in carbon nano-onions filled with Fe3C/α-Fe nanocrystals
Authors: Boi Filippo S , Li Jiaxiang , Odunmbaku Omololu , Liu Mengjiao , Medranda Daniel , Taallah Ayoub , Lei Li , Wang Shanling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Carbon nano-onions are approximately spherical nanoscale graphitic shells. When filled with ferromagnetic Fe3C/α-Fe nanocrystals, these structures have several important applications, such as point electron-sources, magnetic data recording, energy storage, and others, that exploit the interaction of either or both the shells and the magnetic moments in the filling. Despite these applications receiving much recent attention, little is known about the structural relationship between the carbon shells and the internal nanocrystal. In this work, the graphitic c-axis lattice-spacing in Fe3C/α-Fe-filled multi-shell structures was determined by XRD in the temperature range from 130 K to 298 K. A significant reduction in the c-axis lattice-spacing was observed in the multi-shell structures. A defect-induced magnetic transition was probed and ascribed to the formation of randomly oriented ferromagnetic clusters in the recrystallized disclination-rich regions of the CNOs-shells, in agreement with the percolative theory of ferromagnetism.
Current and Historical Trends in Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex Within the US Pathology Physician Workforce
Authors: White Marissa J , Wyse Rhea J , Ware Alisha D , Deville Curtiland 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study assessed historical and current gender, racial, and ethnic diversity trends within US pathology graduate medical education (GME) and the pathologist workforce.

Methods
Data from online, publicly available sources were assessed for significant differences in racial, ethnic, and sex distribution in pathology trainees, as well as pathologists in practice or on faculty, separately compared with the US population and then each other using binomial tests.

Results
Since 1995, female pathology resident representation has been increasing at a rate of 0.45% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.61; P &lt; .01), with pathology now having significantly more females (49.8%) compared to the total GME pool (45.4%; P &lt; .0001). In contrast, there was no significant trend in the rate of change per year in black or American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AI/AN/NH/PI) resident representation (P = .04 and .02). Since 1995, underrepresented minority (URM) faculty representation has increased by 0.03% per year (95% CI, 0.024-0.036; P &lt; .01), with 7.6% URM faculty in 2018 (5.2% Hispanic, 2.2% black, 0.2% AI/AN/NH/PI).

Conclusions
This assessment of pathology trainee and physician workforce diversity highlights significant improvements in achieving trainee gender parity. However, there are persistent disparities in URM representation, with significant underrepresentation of URM pathologists compared with residents.
HIV and COVID-19: Intersecting Epidemics With Many Unknowns
Authors: Lesko Catherine R , Bengtson Angela M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs of July 2020, approximately 6 months into the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whether people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) are disproportionately affected remains an unanswered question. Thus far, risk of COVID-19 in people with and without HIV appears similar, but data are sometimes contradictory. Some uncertainty is due to the recency of the emergence of COVID-19 and sparsity of data; some is due to imprecision about what it means for HIV to be a “risk factor” for COVID-19. Forthcoming studies on the risk of COVID-19 to PLWH should differentiate between 1) the unadjusted, excess burden of disease among PLWH to inform surveillance efforts and 2) any excess risk of COVID-19 among PLWH due to biological effects of HIV, independent of comorbidities that confound rather than mediate this effect. PLWH bear a disproportionate burden of alcohol, other drug use, and mental health disorders, as well as other structural vulnerabilities, which might increase their risk of COVID-19. In addition to any direct effects of COVID-19 on the health of PLWH, we need to understand how physical distancing restrictions affect secondary health outcomes and the need for, accessibility of, and impact of alternative modalities of providing ongoing medical, mental health, and substance use treatment that comply with physical distancing restrictions (e.g., telemedicine).
Comparison of the Greek Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen and Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination
Authors: Messinis Lambros , O’Donovan Mark R , Molloy D William , Mougias Antonis , Nasios Grigorios , Papathanasopoulos Panagiotis , Ntoskou Aikaterini , O'Caoimh Rónán 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Short cognitive screening instruments (CSIs) are widely used to stratify patients presenting with cognitive symptoms. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen is a new, brief (&lt;5mins) CSI designed to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which can be used across the spectrum of cognitive decline. Here we present the translation of the Qmci into Greek (Qmci-Gr) and its validation against the widely-used Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE).

Methods
Consecutive patients aged ≥55 years presenting with cognitive complaints were recruited from two outpatient clinics in Greece. All patients completed the Qmci-Gr and SMMSE and underwent an independent detailed neuropsychological assessment to determine a diagnostic classification.

Results
In total, 140 patients, median age 75 years, were included; 30 with mild dementia (median SMMSE 23/30), 76 with MCI and 34 with subjective memory complaints (SMC) but normal cognition. The Qmci-Gr had similar accuracy in differentiating SMC from cognitive impairment (MCI & mild dementia) compared with SMMSE, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 versus 0.79, respectively; while accuracy was higher for the Qmci-Gr, this finding was not significantly different, (p = .19). Similarly, the Qmci-Gr had similar accuracy in separating SMC from MCI, AUC of 0.79 versus 0.73 (p = .23).

Conclusions
The Qmci-Gr compared favorably with the SMMSE. Further research with larger samples and comparison with other instruments such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is needed to confirm these findings but given its established brevity, it may be a better choice in busy clinical practice in Greece.
The Orientation of Passerine Nocturnal Migrants Following Offshore Drift
Authors: Able Kenneth P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nocturnal autumn passerine migrants are frequently drifted by wind or carried by downwind flight from New England to offshore islands. Most individuals in these flights are immatures. Many recover the mainland via reoriented northward flights. During fall 1972, I made field observations and performed orientation cage tests on nocturnal migrants on Block Island, Rhode Island. Migrants reached the island during four southward movements in following winds. Migration was very light or absent on most other nights. Reoriented diurnal flights left from the island immediately after the arrival of a large nocturnal migration. Northward movements occurred on two nights following daytime reoriented flights. These nocturnal movements are tentatively interpreted as constituting reoriented flights. About 27% of the 79 individuals tested in orientation cages showed significantly directional nocturnal activity. About two-thirds of these oriented basically northwestward, corresponding to the reoriented flight of free-flying birds. These and similar reorientations of immature birds can be explained by a simple compass reorientation in response to wind drift over the ocean without invoking complicated navigation mechanisms. The remaining individuals oriented toward the southeast. Eleven birds exhibited a significant eastward orientation during the first few hours after dawn; this is interpreted as a positive phototaxis. Three of four Blackpoll Warblers oriented southward. No correlation existed between the quantity of Zugunruhe and the amount of subcutaneous fat, but fatter birds were significantly more likely to show oriented nocturnal activity.
Notes on Birds of San Salvador Island (Watlings), the Bahamas
Authors: Miller J. Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Resident land birds of San Salvador (Watlings) Island, The Bahamas, are briefly discussed. Breeding information is given for some resident species and note made of some new records of nonresidents. The total species known for the island is 132. The addition of three resident land birds raises the probable present total of that category to 19.
Commensalism in the Little Blue Heron
Authors: Kushlan James A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Little Blue Herons feed in association with White Ibis by using the ibis's movements to increase foraging effectiveness. When feeding near a White Ibis, a heron increased the number of prey caught without increasing its energetic costs of foraging. The strike rate of a bird was higher when feeding commensally than when feeding alone, but its success per strike did not increase because of the commensal association. This increased energy return when feeding commensally resulted from greater opportunity for commensal herons to observe and attempt to catch prey rather than from an increased probability of their catching a prey item after it had been observed. The results of this study of a non-obvious commensal relationship suggest that many previously reported associations among water birds are also commensal. It also supports the hypothesis that multispecies aggregations of ciconiiforms may be characterized by cryptic forms of commensalism.
Notes on the Puna Avifauna of Azángaro Province, Department of Puno, Southern Peru
Authors: Roe Nicholas A. , Rees William E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In June 1975, we made the first dry (winter) season observations of puna birds in the Province of Azángaro, Department of Puno, southern Peru, adding nine species to the avifaunal list for the area. We observed no trochilids although they are known to be numerous during the wet (summer) season. Nesting of the Golden-spotted Ground-Dove (Metriopelia aymara) is described for the first time from Peru, and we report the breeding on the puna of two puna species that have been recorded on the coast in the dry season. We discuss altitudinal migration to the Pacific coast during the dry season, and include a species list for this puna region.
Photoperiodic Control of the Molt Cycle in the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs)
Authors: Dolnik Victor R. , Gavrilov Valery M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The molt cycle in Chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) has a circannual periodicity under constant photoperiodic conditions (12:12LD, 20:4LD). The molt cycle and/or rate, however, can be modified by artificial alteration of daylength. The time of onset and completion of the post-nuptial molt in Chaffinches under natural conditions is a remote expression of vernal photostimulation. The timing of the molt is initiated at the end of the unifactorial phase of photoperiodic control. The onset of molt is induced after a latent period and its termination after another period, i.e. the molt begins and ends spontaneously. Under natural conditions, daylength immediately before and during the molt does not control either the time of onset or of termination of molt. The additional control system increases the rate of the molt in its early phase under short days, whereas under long days it decreases the rate of molt in its late phase. This system may play an adaptive role in synchronizing the end of the molt among birds that begin molt at different times.
The postjuvenal molt begins and finishes spontaneously under control of a program of the individual development of juveniles. Short days increase the rate of molt and initiate earlier onset and completion, whereas long days decrease the rate of the molt and delay the times of onset and completion. Juvenile birds from late broods molt more rapidly than those from early broods. A combination of different programs and photoperiodic control of the molt synchronizes the termination of the molt in juveniles from early and late broods under natural conditions in summer and autumn.
Reproductive Bioenergetics of Wood Ducks
Authors: Drobney Ronald D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A model for the daily energy requirements during egg production was developed for Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) hens laying a 12-egg clutch. Reproductive requirements are high, because Wood Ducks lay large clutches of relatively large eggs that have a high energy density. Costs totaled 5,996 kJ and included 2,969 kJ for carbohydrates and lipids, 1,595 kJ for protein, and an estimated 1,432 kJ for biosynthesis. Both are the temporal distribution of costs and the use of stored fat reserves are thought to be important factors enabling hens to meet these large requirements. Costs equivalent to that of an entire egg are incurred for only 6 days during the cycle, because costs are distributed over an 18-day period rather than the 12 days of laying. The energy content of body fat expended by hens was sufficient to account for 88% of the estimated requirements for biosynthesis and the nonprotein fraction of the oviduct and clutch. Protein and minerals are primarily dietary requirements and are obtained by foraging for invertebrates during laying. Although an egg contains only about 5 g of protein, hens must consume large numbers of invertebrates to meet this requirement. The ability to meet most nonprotein requirements with stored fat may therefore be essential to ensure that hens have enough time to forage for invertebrates.
Effect of Season on the Energetics, Body Composition, and Cage Activity of the Field Sparrow
Authors: Olson John B. , Kendeigh S. Charles 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A linear correlation of existence metabolism (Mkcal = kcal·bird-1·day-1) with temperature (T = °C) was obtained for winter acclimatized Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) on a 10-h photoperiod (males: Mkcal = 15.59-0.285T; females: Mkcal = 14.69-0.261T). A curvilinear relationship was obtained for summer acclimatized birds on a 15-h photoperiod (males: Mkcal = 16.40 + 0.0001T3 - 0.0002T2 - 0.3662T; females: Mkcal = 15.87 + 0.0036T2 - 0.3911T). Significant differences between summer- and winter-acclimatized birds occurred only at temperatures below 0°C. The lower limit of temperature tolerance was -13° to -14°C under a constant 10-h photoperiod and under fluctuating outdoor conditions and was somewhat lower under a constant 15-h photoperiod. The upper limit of temperature tolerance was about 41°C in the summer. With caged birds under fluctuating outdoor conditions, there was an increase in metabolized energy, existence metabolism, body protein, weight, and lipid content in the autumn and a decrease in the spring. During cold waves in winter, there was commonly an immediate drop in weight before increased metabolized energy brought recovery. In half of the birds, recovery was incomplete and mortality resulted. Coefficients of food utilization varied from 0.71 under a 10-h photoperiod to 0.79 under a 15-h photoperiod and from 0.72 to 0.86 under outdoor conditions. With death from cold or heat stress there was a loss of water, lipids, and proteins. The loss of water was greater under heat stress. Nocturnal activity (Zugunruhe) developed in a different pattern in spring than in autumn and was not accompanied by premigratory fattening in the spring. In several respects, the metabolic and behavioral responses of the Field Sparrow are intermediate between those of long distance migrants and permanent residents, indicating that they may be evolving from a migratory to a nonmigratory status.
Estimation of Distance of Singing Conspecifics by the Carolina Wren
Authors: Richards Douglas G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Measurements of the propagation of sound in a forest have shown that signal degradation is unavoidable but to some degree predictable. Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) have a song structure suited for the estimation of distance by a comparison of the relative degradation of the components of the signal. Playback experiments using song recorded at two distances from a singing wren demonstrated that wrens can use cues other than the absolute attentuation of the sound for the estimation of the distance of the singer. The wrens responded to the near-sounding song by attack and to the far-sounding song by countersinging. The ability of the wrens to use the distance information in the song serves the same purpose as the recognition of familiar neighbors: conservation of time and energy used in territorial defense.
Song Variation within a Population of White-Eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus)
Authors: Bradley Richard A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intrapopulational variation in the songs of territorial male White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus griseus) was studied at Gainesville, Florida during 1977 and 1978. The motifs in the song repertoires of 40 color-banded males were analyzed in detail. Individual male White-eyed Vireos used 1-14 different motifs. A quantitative sequence-comparison measure of song dissimilarity was used to compare song repertoires. No relationship was found between the dissimilarity of individuals' song repertoires and the map distances between their territories. Unexpectedly, pairs of neighboring males had more dissimilar song repertoires than non-neighboring pairs of vireos.
AciDB 1.0: a database of acidophilic organisms, their genomic information and associated metadata
Authors: Neira Gonzalo , Cortez Diego , Jil Joaquin , Holmes David S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
There are about 600 available genome sequences of acidophilic organisms (grow at a pH &lt; 5) from the three domains of the Tree of Life. Information about acidophiles is scattered over many heterogeneous sites making it extraordinarily difficult to link physiological traits with genomic data. We were motivated to generate a curated, searchable database to address this problem.

Results
AciDB 1.0 is a curated database of sequenced acidophiles that enables researchers to execute complex queries linking genomic features to growth data, environmental descriptions and taxonomic information.

Availability and implementation
AciDB 1.0 is freely available online at: http://AciDB.cl. The source code is released under an MIT license at: https://gitlab.com/Hawkline451/acidb/.