bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guiding oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation with urokinase plasminogen activator-degradable elastin-like protein hydrogels
Authors: Meco Edi , Zheng W. Sharon , Sharma Anahita H. , Lampe Kyle J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDemyelinating injuries and diseases, like multiple sclerosis, affect millions of people worldwide. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have the potential to repair demyelinated tissue because they can both self-renew and differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Cell-matrix interactions impact OPC differentiation into OLs, but the process is not fully understood. Biomaterial hydrogel systems help to elucidate cell-matrix interactions because they can mimic specific properties of native CNS tissue in anin vitrosetting. We investigated whether OPC maturation into OLs is influenced by interacting with a urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) degradable extracellular matrix (ECM). uPA is a proteolytic enzyme that is transiently upregulated in the developing rat brain, with peak uPA expression correlating with an increase in myelin productionin vivo. OPC-like cells isolated through the Mosaic Analysis with Double Marker technique (MADM OPCs) produced low molecular weight uPA in culture. MADM OPCs were encapsulated into two otherwise similar elastin-like protein (ELP) hydrogel systems: one that was uPA degradable and one that was non-degradable. Encapsulated MADM OPCs had similar viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity in uPA degradable and non-degradable ELP hydrogels. Expression of OPC maturation-associated genes, however, indicated that uPA degradable ELP hydrogels promoted MADM OPC maturation although not sufficiently for these cells to differentiate into OLs.Graphical Abstract – For table of contents only
Linking minimal and detailed models of CA1 microcircuits reveals how theta rhythms emerge and how their frequencies are controlled
Authors: Chatzikalymniou Alexandra P , Gumus Melisa , Lunyov Anton R , Rich Scott , Lefebvre Jeremie , Skinner Frances K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe wide variety of cell types and their inherent biophysical complexities pose a challenge to our understanding of oscillatory activities produced by cellular-based computational models. This challenge stems from the high-dimensional and multi-parametric nature of these systems. To overcome this issue, we implement systematic comparisons of minimal and detailed models of CA1 microcircuits that generate intra-hippocampal theta rhythms (3-12 Hz). We leverage insights from minimal models to guide detailed model explorations and obtain a cellular perspective of theta generation. Our findings distinguish the pyramidal cells as the theta rhythm initiators and reveal that their activity is regularized by the inhibitory cell populations, supporting an ‘inhibition-based tuning’ mechanism. We find a strong correlation between the pyramidal cell input current and the resulting LFP theta frequency, establishing that the intrinsic pyramidal cell properties underpin network frequency characteristics. This work provides a cellular-based foundation from whichin vivotheta activities can be explored.
Genome-wide bioinformatic analyses predict key host and viral factors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis
Authors: Ferrarini Mariana G. , Lal Avantika , Rebollo Rita , Gruber Andreas , Guarracino Andrea , Gonzalez Itziar Martinez , Floyd Taylor , de Oliveira Daniel Siqueira , Shanklin Justin , Beausoleil Ethan , Pusa Taneli , Pickett Brett E. , Aguiar-Pulido Vanessa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe novel betacoronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) after initially emerging in Wuhan, China. Here we applied a novel, comprehensive bioinformatic strategy to public RNA sequencing and viral genome sequencing data, to better understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human cells. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to predict host factors that play a specific role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, distinct from other respiratory viruses. We identified differentially expressed genes, isoforms and transposable element families specifically altered in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Well-known immunoregulators includingCSF2, IL-32, IL-6andSERPINA3were differentially expressed, while immunoregulatory transposable element families were overexpressed. We predicted conserved interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 genome and human RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNPA1, PABPC1 and eIF4b, which may play important roles in the viral life cycle. We also detected four viral sequence variants in the spike, polymerase, and nonstructural proteins that correlate with severity of COVID-19. The host factors we identified likely represent important mechanisms in the disease profile of this pathogen, and could be targeted by prophylactics and/or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.Graphical Abstract
Beware That COVID-19 Would Be Worse in Winter: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions
Authors: Zhang Chen , Liao Hua , Strobl Eric , Li Hui , Li Ru , Jensen Steen Solvang , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is believe that weather conditions such as temperature and humidity have effects on COVID-19 transmission. However, these effects are not clear due to the limited observations and difficulties in separating impacts of social distancing. COVID-19 data and social-economic features of 1236 regions in the world (1112 regions at the provincial level and 124 countries with small land area) were collected. A Large-scale satellite data was combined with these data with a regression analysis model to explore effects of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 spreading, as well as the possible transmission risk by seasonal cycles. The result show that temperature and relative humidity are shown to be negatively correlated with COVID-19 transmission throughout the world. Further, the effect of temperature and humidity is almost linear based on our samples, with uncertainty surrounding any non-linear effects. Government intervention (e.g. lockdown policies) and lower population movement contributed to the decrease the new daily case ratio. The conclusions withstand several robustness checks, such as observation scales and maximum/minimum temperature. Weather conditions are not the decisive factor in COVID-19 transmission, in that government intervention as well as public awareness, could contribute to the mitigation of the spreading of the virus. As temperature drops in winter, the transmission possibly speeds up again. It deserves a dynamic government policy to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in winter.
Genomic bases underlying the adaptive radiation of core landbirds
Authors: Wu Yonghua , Yan Yi , Zhao Yuanqin , Gu Li , Wang Songbo , Johnson David H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCore landbirds undergo adaptive radiation with different ecological niches, but the genomic bases that underlie their ecological diversification remain unclear. Here we used the genome-wide target enrichment sequencing of the genes related to vision, hearing, language, temperature sensation, beak shape, taste transduction, and carbohydrate, protein and fat digestion and absorption to examine the genomic bases underlying their ecological diversification. Our comparative molecular phyloecological analyses show that different core landbirds present adaptive enhancement in different aspects, and two general patterns emerge. First, all three raptorial birds (Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, and Falconiformes) show a convergent adaptive enhancement for fat digestion and absorption, while non-raptorial birds tend to exhibit a promoted capability for protein and carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Using this as a molecular marker, our results show relatively strong support for the raptorial lifestyle of the common ancestor of core landbirds, consequently suggesting a single origin of raptors, followed by two secondary losses of raptorial lifestyle within core landbirds. In addition to the dietary niche, we find at temporal niche that diurnal birds tend to exhibit an adaptive enhancement in bright-light vision, while nocturnal birds show an increased adaption in dim-light vision, in line with previous findings. Our molecular phyloecological study reveals the genome-wide adaptive differentiations underlying the ecological diversification of core landbirds.
Intrinsic excitability mechanisms of neuronal ensemble formation
Authors: Alejandre-García Tzitzitlini , Kim Samuel , Pérez-Ortega Jesús , Yuste Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuronal ensembles are coactive groups of cortical neurons, found in spontaneous and evoked activity, that can mediate perception and behavior. To understand the mechanisms that lead to the formation of ensembles, we co-activated optogenetically and electrically layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in brain slices from mouse visual cortex, in animals from both sexes, replicatingin vitroan optogenetic protocol to generate ensemblesin vivo. Using whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp pair recordings we find that, after optogenetic or electrical stimulation, coactivated neurons increase their correlation in spontaneous activity, a hallmark of ensemble formation. Coactivated neurons showed small biphasic changes in presynaptic plasticity, with an initial depression followed by a potentiation after a recovery period. Unexpectedly, optogenetic and electrical stimulation-induced significant increases in frequency and amplitude of spontaneous EPSPs, even after single-cell stimulation. In addition, we observed strong and persistent increases in neuronal excitability after stimulation, with increases in membrane resistance and reduction in spike threshold. A pharmacological agent that blocks changes in membrane resistance can revert this effect. These significant increases in excitability may partly explain the observed biphasic synaptic plasticity. We propose that cell-intrinsic changes in excitability are involved in the formation of neuronal ensembles. We propose an “iceberg” model, by which increased neuronal excitability makes subthreshold connections suprathreshold, enhancing the effect of already existing synapses, and generating a new neuronal ensemble.Significance StatementWe investigated the synaptic and cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of neuronal ensembles, i.e., spontaneously coactive groups of neurons. Usingin vitroelectrophysiology and optogenetic in slices of mouse neocortex we replicated a protocol that generates ensemblesin vivo. After optogenetic and electrical stimulation, we observed biphasic synaptic plasticity and, unexpectedly, major increases in excitability, input resistance, and reductions in firing threshold. The increased excitability can explain the observed synaptic plasticity. Our results reveal a major role for intrinsic excitability in the establishment of neuronal ensembles.
Molecular classification of zebrafish retinal ganglion cells links genes to cell types to behavior
Authors: Kölsch Yvonne , Hahn Joshua , Sappington Anna , Stemmer Manuel , Fernandes António M. , Helmbrecht Thomas O. , Lele Shriya , Butrus Salwan , Laurell Eva , Arnold-Ammer Irene , Shekhar Karthik , Sanes Joshua R. , Baier Herwig 
Published: July 2020

SummaryRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form an array of feature detectors, which convey visual information to central brain regions. Characterizing RGC diversity is required to understand the logic of the underlying functional segregation. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we systematically classified RGCs in adult and larval zebrafish, thereby identifying marker genes for at least 33 stable and transient cell types. We used this dataset to engineer transgenic driver lines, enabling experimental access to specific RGC types. Strikingly, expression of one or few transcription factors often predicts dendrite morphologies and axonal projections to specific tectal layers and extratectal targets.In vivocalcium imaging revealed that molecularly defined RGCs exhibit highly specific functional tuning. Finally, chemogenetic ablation ofeomesa+RGCs, which comprise melanopsin-expressing types with projections to a small subset of central targets, selectively impaired phototaxis. Together, our study establishes a framework for systematically studying the functional architecture of the visual system.
Activatable zymography probes enable in situ localization of protease dysregulation in cancer
Authors: Soleimany Ava P. , Kirkpatrick Jesse D. , Su Susan , Dudani Jaideep S. , Zhong Qian , Bekdemir Ahmet , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen the emergence of conditionally activated diagnostics and therapeutics that leverage protease-cleavable peptide linkers to enhance their specificity for cancer. However, due to a lack of methods to measure and localize protease activity directly within the tissue microenvironment, the design of protease-activated agents has been necessarily empirical, yielding suboptimal results when translated to patients. To address the need for spatially resolve d protease activity profiling in cancer, we developed a new class ofin situprobes that can be applied to fresh-frozen tissue sections in a manner analogous to immunofluorescence staining. These activatable zymography probes (AZPs) detected dysregulated protease activity in human prostate cancer biopsy samples, enabling disease classification. We then leveraged AZPs within a generalizable framework to design conditional cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, and demonstrated the power of this approach in the Hi-Myc mouse model of prostate cancer, which models features of early pathogenesis. Multiplexed screening against barcoded substrates yielded a peptide, S16, that was robustly and specifically cleaved by tumor-associated metalloproteinases in the Hi-Myc model.In situlabeling with an AZP incorporating S16 revealed a potential role of metalloproteinase dysregulation in proliferative, pre-malignant Hi-Myc prostatic glands. Last, we incorporated S16 into anin vivoimaging probe that, after systemic administration, perfectly classified diseased and healthy prostates, supporting the relevance ofex vivoactivity assays toin vivotranslation. We envision AZPs will enable new insights into the biology of protease dysregulation in cancer and accelerate the development of conditional diagnostics and therapeutics for multiple cancer types.
Pushing the temporal resolution in absorption and Zernike phase contrast nanotomography: enabling fast in situ experiments
Authors: Flenner Silja , Storm Malte , Kubec Adam , Longo Elena , Döring Florian , Pelt Daniël M. , David Christian , Müller Martin , Greving Imke 
Published: July 2020

Hard X-ray nanotomography enables 3D investigations of a wide range of samples with high resolution (<100 nm) with both synchrotron-based and laboratory-based setups. However, the advantage of synchrotron-based setups is the high flux, enabling time resolution, which cannot be achieved at laboratory sources. Here, the nanotomography setup at the imaging beamline P05 at PETRA III is presented, which offers high time resolution not only in absorption but for the first time also in Zernike phase contrast. Two test samples are used to evaluate the image quality in both contrast modalities based on the quantitative analysis of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution. High-quality scans can be recorded in 15 min and fast scans down to 3 min are also possible without significant loss of image quality. At scan times well below 3 min, the CNR values decrease significantly and classical image-filtering techniques reach their limitation. A machine-learning approach shows promising results, enabling acquisition of a full tomography in only 6 s. Overall, the transmission X-ray microscopy instrument offers high temporal resolution in absorption and Zernike phase contrast, enabling in situ experiments at the beamline.
Investigation of convolutional neural network U-net under small datasets in transformer magneto-thermal coupled analysis
Authors: Gong Ruohan , Tang Zuqi 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the approach combine the deep learning (DL) and finite element method for the magneto-thermal coupled problem.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the DL of electrical device with the hypothesis of a small dataset, with ground truth data obtained from the FEM analysis, U-net, a highly efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to extract hidden features and trained in a supervised manner to predict the magneto-thermal coupled analysis results for different topologies. Using part of the FEM results as training samples, the DL model obtained from effective off-line training can be used to predict the distribution of the magnetic field and temperature field of other cases.

Findings
The possibility and feasibility of the proposed approach are investigated by discussing the influence of various network parameters, in particular, the four most important factors are training sample size, learning rate, batch size and optimization algorithm respectively. It is shown that DL based on U-net can be used as an efficiency tool in multi-physics analysis and achieve good performance with only small datasets.

Originality/value
It is shown that DL based on U-net can be used as an efficiency tool in multi-physics analysis and achieve good performance with only small datasets.
Design and implementation of system-on-chip for peripheral component interconnect express encryption card based on multiple algorithms
Authors: Kuilin Chen , Xi Feng , Yingchun Fu , Liang Liu , Wennan Feng , Minggang Jiang , Yi Hu , Xiaoke Tang 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The data protection is always a vital problem in the network era. High-speed cryptographic chip is an important part to ensure data security in information interaction. This paper aims to provide a new peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) encryption card solution with high performance, high integration and low cost.

Design/methodology/approach
This work proposes a System on Chip architecture scheme of high-speed cryptographic chip for PCIe encryption card. It integrated CPU, direct memory access, the national and international cipher algorithm (data encryption standard/3 data encryption standard, Rivest–Shamir–Adleman, HASH, SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4, SM7), PCIe and other communication interfaces with advanced extensible interface-advanced high-performance bus three-level bus architecture.

Findings
This paper presents a high-speed cryptographic chip that integrates several high-speed parallel processing algorithm units. The test results of post-silicon sample shows that the high-speed cryptographic chip can achieve Gbps-level speed. That means only one single chip can fully meet the requirements of cryptographic operation performance for most cryptographic applications.

Practical implications
The typical application in this work is PCIe encryption card. Besides server’s applications, it can also be applied in terminal products such as high-definition video encryption, security gateway, secure routing, cloud terminal devices and industrial real-time monitoring system, which require high performance on data encryption.

Social implications
It can be well applied on many other fields such as power, banking, insurance, transportation and e-commerce.

Originality/value
Compared with the current strategy of high-speed encryption card, which mostly uses hardware field-programmable gate arrays or several low-speed algorithm chips through parallel processing in one printed circuit board, this work has provided a new PCIe encryption card solution with high performance, high integration and low cost only in one chip.
An assessment of attachment style measures in marketing
Authors: David Meredith E. , Carter Kealy , Alvarez Claudio 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Attachment theory is emerging as an important theoretical foundation in marketing because of the relational nature of consumption, but little guidance exists as to which of many attachment style measures is most suitable for use by researchers. As a result, many measures are being used with little justification, and frequently, these scales are being adapted due to poor measurement fit, length or wording unrelated to the focal attachment figure. This paper aims to evaluate seven existing attachment style measures and provides recommendations regarding which measure is the most suitable for assessing the impact of chronic attachment styles on marketing outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review identified seven measures of attachment style for analysis. Two studies examine the psychometric properties, susceptibility to response bias and predictive validity of the seven measures (Study 1n = 325 and Study 2n = 205).

Findings
Among the seven scales evaluated, the Johnson et al. (2012) [Johnson, Whelan, and Thomson (JWT)] measure exhibited the best psychometric properties and predictive validity for general (i.e. not relationship-specific) attachment styles. In addition, two relationship-specific measures, also with strong psychometric properties, were better able to capture their respective relationships or relationship types than general attachment styles, as expected.

Research limitations/implications
This research provides guidance to researchers on which measure to use when examining the impact of attachment style in marketing.

Practical implications
This research provides marketing researchers guidance on which measure to use when examining the impact of general attachment styles. Because the JWT scale is brief, psychometrically sound and demonstrates strong predictive validity, it can be used for academic and managerial purposes. The authors also confirm previous research suggesting that relationship-specific measures of attachment style may act differently than general interpersonal attachment style measures and vary in their ability to predict marketing outcomes.

Originality/value
This research is the first to provide guidance regarding which measure of attachment style to use in marketing and consumer research. This research can serve as a reference point for future researchers in selecting measures of attachment style and may allow for convergence on a narrow set of measures to advance research in marketing.
Can globalisation promote female labour force participation?
Authors: Sangha Harpal , Riegler Robert 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to analyse whether globalisation, i.e. informational and economic globalisation, promoted or impeded female labour force participation (FLFP) in South Asia.Design/methodology/approachThe KOF Globalisation Index is used alongside a fixed effect panel data Discroll–Kraay estimator to control for unobserved factors and achieve robust standard errors. The sample covers all South Asian countries for the period 1999–2015.FindingsGlobalisation does not advocate the “feminisation of employment”; in fact, the impact is negative. This is driven by the economic dimension of globalisation, particularly for younger women. However, this impact is mitigated by informational globalisation that affects FLFP positively, especially for women aged 35 years and older.Practical implicationsWithout support of the right governmental policies, there is a danger of globalisation creating new obstacles for women to enter the labour market.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the existing literature by using the more comprehensive KOF globalisation measure to identify the overall effect of globalisation on FLFP in South Asia, being the first study to analyse the impact of informational alongside economic globalisation, and investigating whether globalisation affects the labour force participation rate of various female age cohorts differently.