bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-alleles predict primary non-response to infliximab therapy in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zhang Cai-Bin , Tang Jian , Wang Xue-Ding , Lyu Kun-Sheng , Huang Min , Gao Xiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfliximab (IFX) is the first-line treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and is noted for its relatively high cost. The therapeutic efficacy of IFX has noticeable individual differences. Known single-gene polymorphisms (SNPs) are inadequate for predicting non-response to IFX. In this study, we aimed to identify new genetic factors associated with IFX-therapy failure and to predict non-response to IFX by developing a multivariate predictive model.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we collected and analysed the data of Chinese patients with CD who received IFX therapy at one hospital between June 2013 and June 2019. Primary non-response (PNR) and non-durable response (NDR) were evaluated using a simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD). A total of 125 SNPs within 44 genes were genotyped. A multivariate logistic-regression model was established to predict non-response to IFX. An area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUROC) was applied to evaluate the predictive model performance.ResultsForty-two of 206 (20.4%) patients experienced PNR and 15 of 159 (9.4%) patients experienced NDR. Nine SNPs were associated with PNR (P &lt; 0.05). A PNR predictive model was established, incorporating 2-week high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), rs61886887, rs61740234, rs357291, rs2269330, and rs111504845, and the AUROC on training and testing data sets were 0.818 (P &lt; 0.001) and 0.888 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. At week 14, hs-CRP levels ≥ 2.25 mg/L were significantly associated with NDR (AUROC = 0.815, P &lt; 0.001). PNR-associated SNPs were not mutually associated with NDR, suggesting distinct mechanisms between PNR and NDR.ConclusionGenetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with response to IFX among Chinese CD patients.
Intracardiac extension of chondroblastic osteosarcoma
Authors: Madison Mackenzie K , Matthews Caleb R , Lee Lawrence S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intravascular tumour extension invading the intracardiac space is rarely seen with osteosarcoma. We present a patient with a history of previously resected pelvic osteosarcoma who was later found to have a local recurrence with continuous intravascular extension from the right femoral vein to the right atrium. Preoperative imaging studies initially described extensive thrombus burden, and a multidisciplinary approach involving open and percutaneous thrombectomy was planned. Intraoperative inspection and pathological analysis revealed unresectable malignant solid tumour rather than thrombus. Though exceedingly rare, the possibility of metastatic tumour must be considered when planning treatment strategies for these patients.
Continuity of Weighted Operators, MuckenhouptApWeights, and Steklov Problem for Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Alexis Michel , Aptekarev Alexander , Denisov Sergey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider weighted operators acting on $L^p({\mathbb{R}}^d)$ and show that they depend continuously on the weight $w\in A_p({\mathbb{R}}^d)$ in the operator topology. Then, we use this result to estimate $L^p_w({\mathbb{T}})$ norm of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle when the weight $w$ belongs to Muckenhoupt class $A_2({\mathbb{T}})$ and $p&gt;2$. The asymptotics of the polynomial entropy is obtained as an application.
Environmental and Aerosolized Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Binder Raquel A , Alarja Natalie A , Robie Emily R , Kochek Kara E , Xiu Leshan , Rocha-Melogno Lucas , Abdelgadir Anfal , Goli Sumana V , Farrell Amanda S , Coleman Kristen K , Turner Abigail L , Lautredou Cassandra C , Lednicky John A , Lee Mark J , Polage Christopher R , Simmons Ryan A , Deshusses Marc A , Anderson Benjamin D , Gray Gregory C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During April and May 2020, we studied 20 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their hospital rooms (fomites and aerosols), and their close contacts for molecular and culture evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among &gt;400 samples, we found molecular evidence of virus in most sample types, especially the nasopharyngeal (NP), saliva, and fecal samples, but the prevalence of molecular positivity among fomites and aerosols was low. The agreement between NP swab and saliva positivity was high (89.5%; κ = 0.79). Two NP swabs collected from patients on days 1 and 7 post–symptom onset had evidence of infectious virus (2 passages over 14 days in Vero E6 cells). In summary, the low molecular prevalence and lack of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus in fomites and air samples implied low nosocomial risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through inanimate objects or aerosols.
ATG16L1 negatively regulates RICK/RIP2-mediated innate immune responses
Authors: Honjo Hajime , Watanabe Tomohiro , Arai Yasuyuki , Kamata Ken , Minaga Kosuke , Komeda Yoriaki , Yamashita Kouhei , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Polymorphisms in the autophagy-related protein 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) genes are associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). Impaired interaction between ATG16L1 and NOD2 underlies CD immunopathogenesis. Although activation of the receptor-interacting serine–threonine kinase (RICK, also known as RIP2), a downstream signaling molecule for NOD2 and multiple toll-like receptors (TLRs), plays a pathogenic role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, the molecular interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the physical interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) expressing excessive and endogenous levels of these proteins, respectively. We established that ATG16L1 binds to RICK/RIP2 kinase domain and negatively regulates TLR2-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses by inhibiting the interaction between TLR2 and RICK/RIP2. Binding of ATG16L1 to RICK/RIP2 suppressed NF-κB activation by down-regulating RICK/RIP2 polyubiquitination. Notably, the percentage of colonic DCs expressing ATG16L1 inversely correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α expression levels in the colon of CD patients. These data suggest that the interaction between ATG16L1 and RICK/RIP2 maintains intestinal homeostasis via the down-regulation of TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.
The Natural History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aronoff Stephen C , Hall Ashleigh , Del Vecchio Michael T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The clinical manifestations and natural history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are poorly defined. Using a systematic review of individual cases and case series and collating elements of the clinical course, the objective of this study was to provide a detailed clinical description and natural history of MIS-C.

Methods
Case reports and series of MIS-C were recovered from repeated MEDLINE searches, a single EMBASE search, and table of contents reviews of major general medicine and pediatric journals performed between June 3 and July 23, 2020. Fever, evidence of inflammation, and evidence of organ dysfunction were required for inclusion.

Results
MEDLINE and EMBASE searches produced 129 articles, and 10 articles were identified from journal contents or article bibliographies; 16 reports describing 505 children with MIS-C comprise this review. Thirty-two children (14.7%) had negative results for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid and/or antibody testing. The weighted median age was 9 years (6 months to 20 years). Clinical findings included fever (100%), gastrointestinal symptoms (88.0%), rash (59.2%), conjunctivitis (50.0%), cheilitis/ “strawberry tongue” (55.7%), or extremity edema/erythema (47.5%). Median serum C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer concentrations were above the normal range. Intravenous gammaglobulin (78.1%) and methylprednisolone/prednisone (57.6%) were the most common therapeutic interventions; immunomodulation was used in 24.3% of cases. Myocardial dysfunction requiring ionotropic support (57.4%) plus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (5.3%), respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation (26.1%), and acute kidney injury (11.9%) were the major complications; anticoagulation was used commonly (54.4%), but thrombotic events occurred rarely (3.5%). Seven (1.4%) children died.

Conclusions
MIS-C following SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently presents with gastrointestinal complaints and/or rash; conjunctivitis, cheilitis, and/or extremity changes also occur frequently. Serious complications occur frequently and respond to aggressive supportive therapy.
Extrauterine adenomyoma located in the inguinal region: a case report of a 44-year-old woman
Authors: Ramphal Winesh , Peters Chloé M L , Alcalá Luthy S M , van Hamont Dennis , Gobardhan Paul D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdenomyomas are benign tumours made of smooth muscle cells, endometrial glands and stroma. An extrauterine location is extremely rare with an unknown pathogenesis. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging and pathologic examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Here we present a case report of a 44-year-old woman with a painful non-reducible mass in the right inguinal region without fever or other alarming symptoms 2 months after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. She was treated with a surgical resection of the mass. Extrauterine adenomyoma is a very uncommon entity. Preoperative workup is challenging, as confirmation of the diagnosis can only be achieved by histopathological analysis following surgical excision.
Digital arts in Latin America: A report on the archival history of intersections in art and technology in Latin America
Authors: Thompson Reynaldo , Mukhopadhyay Tirtha P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A pressing problem in archival preservation of information on electronic art, and any possible virtual conservation of such artifacts in Latin America, is the lack of strategic initiatives in the field. Unfortunately, a certain so-called ‘history of digital art’ has not been constructed in the southern continent; neither is any ‘history of digital art in Latin America’ valorized per se in the literature on contemporary art. The creation of databases and sets is inevitable as Latin America transforms into an economic power. Intelligent and user-friendly archival platforms are urgently needed. The potential of a 5G empowered mining for retrieval of dynamic contents in new media arts is immense and would further point to the aesthetic needs of the future.
Pre-supernova activity as a possible explanation of the peculiar properties of Type IIP supernova 2009kf
Authors: Ouchi Ryoma , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTSN 2009kf is an exceptionally bright Type IIP supernova (SN IIP) discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey. The V-band magnitude in the plateau phase is MV = −18.4 mag, which is much brighter than that for typical SNe IIP. We propose that its unusual properties can be naturally explained if we assume that there was a super-Eddington energy injection into the envelope in the last few years of the evolution before the SN explosion. Using a progenitor model with such a pre-SN energy injection, we can fit the observational data of SN 2009kf with a reasonable explosion energy of Eexp = 2.8 × 1051 erg and 56Ni mass of 0.25 M⊙. Specifically, we injected the energy into the envelope at a constant rate of 3.0 × 1039 erg s−1 in the last 3.0 yr of evolution before the core collapse. We propose that some unusually bright SNe IIP might result from pre-SN energy injection into the envelope.
The detailed structure and the onset of galaxy formation in low-mass gaseous dark matter haloes
Authors: Benitez-Llambay Alejandro , Frenk Carlos 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a model for the formation of the first galaxies before and after the reionization of hydrogen in the early universe. In this model, galaxy formation can only take place in dark matter haloes whose mass exceeds a redshift-dependent critical value, which, before reionization, is equal (in the simplest case) to the mass at which atomic hydrogen cooling becomes effective and, after reionization, is equal to the mass above which gas cannot remain in hydrostatic equilibrium. We define the Halo Occupation Fraction (HOF) as the fraction of haloes that host a luminous galaxy as a function of halo mass. The HOF is established by the interplay between the evolution of the critical mass and the assembly history of haloes and depends on three factors: the minimum halo mass for galaxy formation before reionization, the redshift of reionization, and the intensity of the (evolving) external photoheating rate. Our fiducial model predicts a cutoff in the galaxy mass function at a present-day halo mass, $M_{200} \sim 3\times 10^{8} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$; 100 per cent occupation at $M_{200} \gt 5\times 10^9 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$; and a population of starless gaseous haloes of present-day mass in the range 106 ≲ M200/M⊙ ≲ 5 × 109, in which the gas is in thermal equilibrium with the ultraviolet background radiation and in hydrostatic equilibrium in the gravitational potential of the halo. The transition between HOF = 0 and HOF = 1 reflects the stochastic nature of halo mass growth. We explore how these characteristic masses vary with model assumptions and parameter values. The results of our model are in excellent agreement with cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation.
Reliability of Using the Proposed International Consensus Video Signs of Potential Concussion for National Rugby League Head Impact Events
Authors: Gardner Andrew J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsensus on the definition of extant video signs of concussion have recently been proposed by representatives of international sporting codes for global consistency across professional leagues.OBJECTIVETo review the reliability of the proposed international consensus video signs of concussion in National Rugby League (NRL) head impact events (HIEs).METHODSThe video signs of concussion were coded for every HIE during the 2019 NRL season. Coding was conducted blinded to the concussion status. Frequency, sensitivity, specificity, and a receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated.RESULTSThere were 943 HIEs identified over the 2019 NRL season, of which 106 resulted in a diagnosed concussion. The most frequently observed video sign in concussed athletes was blank/vacant look (54%), which was also the most sensitive video sign (0.54, CI: 0.44-0.63), while the most specific was tonic posturing (0.99, CI: 0.99-1.00). In 43.4% of diagnosed concussions none of the 6 video signs were present. The 6 video signs demonstrated a “fair” ability to discriminate between concussion and nonconcussion HIEs (area under the curve = 0.76).CONCLUSIONInternational consensus agreement between collision sports for extant video signs of concussion and the definition of those extant video signs are clinically important. The selection of signs requires rigorous assessment to examine their predictive value across all sports and within individual sports, and to determine further video signs to compliment and improve the identification of possible concussion events within various sports. The current study demonstrated that, for NRL-related HIEs, the diagnostic accuracy of video signs varies.
The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae:Saara)
Authors: Ghaedi Zeinab , Badri Sahar , Saberi-Pirooz Reihaneh , Vaissi Somaye , Javidkar Mohammad , Ahmadzadeh Faraham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated the phylogeographic structure of the genus Saara and studied whether the Zagros Mountain ranges influence the gene flow and dispersal at the landscape scale between the Iranian Saara species, including S. asmussi in the central Iranian plateau and S. loricata in the Mesopotamian lowlands. Phylogenetic analyses clearly show three well-supported species, including S. loricata, S. asmussi and S. hardwickii, that are distinct from Uromastyx species. The S-DIVA and BBM analyses demonstrate that species of Saara originated from an ancestor somewhere in the Iranian Plateau and then dispersed to its current geographical range. Our results indicate that the separation of S. loricata from S. asmussi coincides with the orogenic events of the Zagros Mountains during the Pliocene, and thus it may show a vicariance event. Diversification within populations of S. loricata and S. assmussi are estimated to have occurred during the Pleistocene. The haplotype network indicates one haplogroup for each of the Iranian Saara species. Population genetic analyses shows signals of demographic expansions at the beginning of the Holocene for S. loricata. Our results support the hypothesis that the Zagros Mountains act as a barrier for gene flow and Quaternary climatic oscillations affected intraspecific genetic divergences of S. loricata and S. asmussi.
An Online Asynchronous Physical Assessment Lab (OAPAL) for Graduate Nursing Students Using Low-Fidelity Simulation With Peer Feedback
Authors: Webber-Ritchey Kashica J. , Badowski Donna , Gibbons Lisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Physical assessment courses typically include a didactic component and a skills laboratory component. It is a challenge to create laboratory components in fully online nursing courses. This article reports on the use of an online asynchronous physical assessment laboratory using low-fidelity simulation with peer feedback to teach physical assessment skills to postlicensure nursing students in a fully online advanced health assessment course within an RN to MS program. Students found the online asynchronous physical assessment laboratory favorable, relevant, and engaging and believed it advanced their current skills.
Update on antimalarials and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo , Martín-Iglesias Daniel , Soto-Peleteiro Adriana 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is highlighting the most recent evidence on the clinical efficacy and toxicity of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Recent findings
New data confirm the effects of antimalarials in preventing SLE activity, damage and infections and in decreasing mortality. An important reduction in use of health resources is related to continued antimalarial use. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women with SLE. HCQ ocular toxicity is infrequent and could be associated with blood levels. Gastrointestinal and skin toxicity are underrecognized and could influence adherence. Prolongation of QT interval is extremely unusual with HCQ. Doses of HCQ of 200 mg/day seem to offer a good efficacy/toxicity balance. HCQ protection against herpes zoster and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection has been shown. On the contrary, HCQ prescription by doctors and adherence by patients are both under recommended standards. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in a significant shortage of HCQ in many countries with possible consequences in the correct treatment of lupus patients.

Summary
Recent evidence reinforces the central role of HCQ in SLE therapy. The reduction in activity, damage accrual and mortality is consistent across studies, countries and ethnical groups. On the contrary, and despite the well established beneficial effects of prolonged regular HCQ therapy, many SLE patients do never take this drug or it is eventually stopped in the setting of severe flares, pregnancy or presumed toxicity. Every effort must be made to assure the correct prescription of HCQ and not to withdraw the drug unless unequivocal signs of toxicity are present.
Calcinosis: insights from other calcinoses
Authors: Tsakali Sofia Serena , Shanahan Catherine M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
This review examines the current knowledge and recent developments in the field of vascular calcification focusing on the emerging role of senescence and inflammation in driving this disorder and exploring the overlap and relevance of these pathways to calcinosis in rheumatic disease.

Recent findings
Vascular calcification is an age-associated disorder. Recent studies have identified DNA damage, cellular senescence and consequent inflammation as key drivers of vascular smooth muscle cell osteogenic change and mineralization. Similar ageing and inflammatory factors are associated with calcinosis in rheumatic disease and some are targets of experimental drugs currently undergoing clinical trials.

Summary
Calcinosis in the vascular system and in rheumatic disease share similarities in terms of biomineralization and cardiovascular outcomes. Although research into the role of senescence and inflammation has recently been advanced in vascular calcification, little is known about the mechanistic role of inflammation in calcinosis in rheumatic disease. This review explores whether lessons from one calcinosis can be transferred and applied to the other to provide further insights and inform treatment strategies.
Augmented Reality-assisted Pedicle Instrumentation
Authors: Urakov Timur M. 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Laboratory investigation with phantom spine models.

Objectives.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of Augmented Reality system to track instruments from different companies without major modifications.

Summary of Background Data.
Augmented Reality is an emergent technology with applications in industrial, military, gaming, and medical fields. AR applications in Spine surgery are actively being developed. Features of headpiece ergonomics, digital processing power, intuitive interface, and reliable accuracy are being optimized for successful adaptation of technology into the field. System versatility across various instrumentation sets is important for cost-effectiveness and efficiency in application.

Methods.
In this project, five phantom spine models were instrumented L1-S1 with pedicle screws from five major companies. AR assistance was used for all. Each screwdriver was equipped with a generic 3D printed navigation marker for tracking.

Results.
Every instrumentation set was successfully paired with AR navigation imaging. Sixty pedicle screws were inserted with an average time of 1.6 min/screw. There was an evidence of learning curve with fastest time achieved of 1 min/screw. All five systems had equivocal radiographic outcomes. There were two breached screws (3%).

Conclusion.
Any currently available instrumentation set can readily pair for tracking with Augmented Reality system. Active tracking of the drivers allowed for improved accuracy making AR system very attractive as an adjunct to the current instrumentation techniques.

Level of Evidence: 3