bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face‐to‐pubes rotational maneuver for bilateral nuchal arms in a vaginal breech birth, resolved in an upright maternal position: A case report
Authors: Walker Shawn , Spillane Emma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundA physiological breech birth is one in which the woman is encouraged to remain active throughout her labor and able to assume the position of her choice for the birth. Use of this strategy within the United Kingdom National Health Service has led to the use of innovative maneuvers to relieve obstruction when women give birth in upright positions, for example, kneeling or standing. This includes use of the face‐to‐pubes rotational maneuver to relieve extended nuchal arm(s). In this paper, we report a case where the face‐to‐pubes rotational maneuver was used to relieve bilateral nuchal arm entrapment in a breech birth.MethodsSingle‐case study. We aimed to generate an in‐depth understanding of how this maneuver works and how professionals decide to use it by exploring its use in a real‐life context.ResultsThe face‐to‐pubes rotational maneuver appears to be an effective method of relieving nuchal arm entrapment when used by experienced hands. In cases of bilateral nuchal arm entrapment, elevation to a higher station may be necessary to dis‐impact the arms above the pelvic inlet before the fetus can be rotated. After face‐to‐pubes rotation and release of arms, the head should be realigned in an occiput anterior position for delivery.ConclusionThe face‐to‐pubes rotational maneuver can be taught for resolution of nuchal arms in an upright position. Parents should be informed of the availability or not of a specialist midwife trained in physiological breech birth, as this may be important to their decision‐making.
USP7 inhibition inhibits proliferation and induces megakaryocytic differentiation in MDS cells by upregulating gelsolin
Authors: Deng Jinghui , Liang Long , Yi Hui , Su Tao , Yang Zhou , Nie Ling , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a largely incurable hematological malignancy, is driven by complex genetic and epigenetic alterations from an aberrant clone of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) has been demonstrated to have an important oncogenic role in the development of several cancer types, but its role in MDS is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that USP7 expression is elevated in MDS cell lines and patient samples. The USP7‐selective small‐molecule inhibitors P5091 and P22077 inhibited cell proliferation and induced megakaryocytic differentiation in both cell lines and primary cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of USP7 markedly suppressed the growth of MDS cell lines in xenograft mouse models. To explore the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic changes, we employed RNA‐seq to compare the differences in genes after USP7 inhibitor treatment and found that gelsolin (GSN) expression was increased significantly after USP7 inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of GSN attenuated the proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and megakaryocyte differentiation induced by USP7 inhibitors in MDS cells. Collectively, our findings identify previously unknown roles of USP7 and suggest that the USP7/GSN axis may be a potential therapeutic target in MDS.
BMP8A promotes survival and drug resistance via Nrf2/TRIM24 signaling pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Yi‐peng , Cai Li‐cheng , Wang Xing‐yuan , Cheng Si‐yu , Zhang Da‐ming , Jian Wen‐gang , Wang Teng‐da , Yang Jian‐kun , Yang Kong‐bin , Zhang Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in the proliferation and drug tolerance of kidney cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of BMP8A in renal cell proliferation and drug tolerance is not clear. Here we showed that BMP8A was highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma, which suggests a poor prognosis of ccRCC. Promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis were detected by CCK‐8 assay, Trypan Blue staining, flow cytometry and bioluminescence. BMP8A promoted resistance of As2O3 by regulating Nrf2 and Wnt pathways in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BMP8A enhanced phosphorylation of Nrf2, which, in turn, inhibited Keap1‐mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and, ultimately, promoted nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Nrf2 regulates the transcription of TRIM24 detected by ChIP‐qPCR. BMP8A was highly expressed in ccRCC, which suggests a poor prognosis. BMP8A was expected to be an independent prognostic molecule for ccRCC. On the one hand, activated Nrf2 regulated reactive oxygen balance, and on the other hand, by regulating the transcription level of TRIM24, it was involved in the regulation of the Wnt pathway to promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ccRCC and the resistance of As2O3. Taken together, our findings describe a regulatory axis where BMP8A promotes Nrf2 phosphorylation and activates TRIM24 to promote survival and drug resistance in ccRCC.
Clinical care for obesity: A preliminary survey of sixty‐eight countries
Authors: Jackson Leach Rachel , Powis Jaynaide , Baur Louise A. , Caterson Ian D. , Dietz William , Logue Jennifer , Lobstein Tim 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObesity is a chronic relapsing condition affecting a rapidly increasing number of people worldwide. The United Nations has stated that universal health coverage is an essential element of the globally‐agreed sustainable development goals. This article provides a preliminary report of a survey of relevant health professionals and other interest groups on the readiness of health systems to provide obesity treatment services. Interviews and questionnaires were completed by 274 respondents from a total of 68 low, middle and high income countries. Respondents in the majority of countries stated that there were professional guidelines for obesity treatment, but that there was a lack of adequate services, especially in lower income countries, and in rural areas of most countries. Lack of treatment was attributed to a broad range of issues including: no clear care pathways from primary care to secondary services; absent or limited secondary services in some regions; lack of trained multi‐disciplinary support professionals; potentially high costs to patients; long waiting times for surgery; and stigma experienced by patients within the health care services. Defining obesity as a disease may help to overcome stigma and may also help to secure better funding streams for treatment services. However, the survey found that few countries were ready to accept this definition. Furthermore, until countries fully adopt and implement obesity prevention policies the need for treatment will continue to rise while the necessary conditions for treatment will remain inadequate.
Knowledge mapping of supply chain risk research based on CiteSpace
Authors: Sun Ling , Xu Xu , Yang Yanbin , Liu Wei , Jin Jiahao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSupply chain risk is a relatively new research field, and research results have been published in journals, and in master and doctoral articles. In this article, we first performed a quantitative analysis of existing literature on supply chain risk indexed in Web of Science (WOS). Then, we analyzed the author, institution, keywords, research hotspot, and cocited literature of existing publications in the research field of supply chain risk by using CiteSpace. The aim of this study is to investigate the trend, geographical distribution, author distribution, research field, keywords, keyword clustering, and other features of scientific articles on supply chain risk published in global journals, using the most advanced bibliometric analysis tools. The results of this study can be used to determine the most influential research institutions and authors in the research field of supply chain risk, as well as the research hotspots in different periods, and different research directions in this field.
Sicherheit eines Kompressionsstrumpfes für Patienten mit chronischer venöser Insuffizienz (CVI) und peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)
Authors: Stücker Markus , Danneil Olivia , Dörler Martin , Hoffmann Maren , Kröger Elena , Reich‐Schupke Stefanie 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Kombination von chronischer Veneninsuffizienz (CVI) und peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) tritt mit zunehmendem Lebensalter immer häufiger auf. Während es für Kompressionsbandagen spezielle Bandagensysteme für diese Patientengruppe gibt, gab es dies für die Kompressionsbestrumpfung dieser Patienten bislang nicht. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher die Sicherheit und Effektivität eines speziell für diese Patientengruppe konstruierten Kompressionsstrumpfes (VenoTrain® angioflow, Bauerfeind Deutschland, Kompressionsklasse I mit hoher Stiffness) untersucht.Patienten und MethodikIn einer prospektiven Fallserie wurden Patienten mit einer CVI im Stadium C3 bis C5 der CEAP‐Klassifikation und mit einer pAVK mit einem Knöchel‐Arm‐Index von < 0,9 und > 0,5 sowie einem absoluten Knöchel‐Arterien‐Druck von > 60 mmHg eingeschlossen. Primäre Zielparameter waren die Sicherheit in Bezug auf die pAVK erfasst als akraler Druck, gemessen mittels akraler Photoplethysmographie (aPPG) sowie die Effektivität in Bezug auf die CVI, gemessen als Beschwerdescore durch ein geeignetes Fragesystem (VVSymQ).ErgebnisseAusgewertet wurden 50 Patienten im Alter von 67,1 Jahren mit einem Knöchel‐Arm‐Index von im Mittel 0,75 ± 0,77. 15 Patienten waren dem Stadium IIa nach Fontaine, 15 dem Stadium IIb nach Fontaine, die übrigen dem Stadium I zuzuordnen. 31 Patienten wiesen das klinische Stadium C3, 16 C4 und 3 C5 der CEAP‐Klassifikation auf. Unmittelbar nach dem Anziehen des medizinischen Kompressionsstrumpfes stieg der systolische Großzehen‐Arteriendruck signifikant an (von 83,3 mmHg ± 27,6 mmHg auf 90,8 mmHg ± 24,1 mmHg) (p = 0,026). Der VVSymQ‐Score sank von 5,0 ± 4,95 Punkten im Verlauf signifikant auf 1,4 ± 2,3 Punkte ab (p < 0,01)) als Zeichen der verbesserten Symptomatik im Rahmen der CVI.SchlussfolgerungenDer geprüfte Kompressionsstrumpf ist für Menschen mit einem Knöchel‐Arm‐Index ≥ 0,5 sicher. Schäden der Haut wurden nicht beobachtet.
Kombination von Ganzhautbestrahlung und Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren: Eine vielversprechende Therapieoption bei Mycosis fungoides und Sézary‐Syndrom
Authors: Elsayad Khaled , Stadler Rudolf , Steinbrink Kerstin , Eich Hans Theodor 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Radiotherapie, und hier insbesondere die Ganzhautbestrahlung mit Elektronen (total skin electron beam therapy; TSEB), ist eine der wichtigsten Säulen in der Therapie kutaner T‐Zell‐Lymphome (cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma; CTCL). Wegen ihres günstigen Toxizitätsprofils erfährt die niedrig dosierte TSEB derzeit viel Aufmerksamkeit. Die Gesamt‐Ansprechraten unter TSEB können bis zu 95 % erreichen, auch wenn die Dauer des Ansprechens meist nur kurz ist. Es wurden bislang nur wenige Studien zur Effektivität einer Kombinationstherapie der CTCL mit TSEB und systemischer Therapie veröffentlicht. Die Remissionsraten bei Patienten, die ausschließlich mit Checkpoint‐Inhibitoren behandelt wurden, lagen bei 15 % bis 38 % mit einem progressionsfreien Überleben von 69 % nach zwei Jahren. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass TSEB bei fast allen Patienten zu einer raschen Verringerung der Krankheitslast führt, stellten wir die Hypothese auf, dass eine TSEB gefolgt von einer Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren eine sinnvolle Therapieoption mit nachhaltiger Wirksamkeit für vorbehandelte Patienten mit Mycosis fungoides und Sézary‐Syndrom sein könnte.
The genetic program to specify ectodermal cells in ascidian embryos
Authors: Liu Boqi , Satou Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ascidian belongs to the sister group of vertebrates and shares many features with them. The gene regulatory network (GRN) controlling gene expression in ascidian embryonic development leading to the tadpole larva has revealed evolutionarily conserved gene circuits between ascidians and vertebrates. These conserved mechanisms are indeed useful to infer the original developmental programs of the ancestral chordates. Simultaneously, these studies have revealed which gene circuits are missing in the ascidian GRN; these gene circuits may have been acquired in the vertebrate lineage. In particular, the GRN responsible for gene expression in ectodermal cells of ascidian embryos has revealed the genetic programs that regulate the regionalization of the brain, formation of palps derived from placode‐like cells, and differentiation of sensory neurons derived from neural crest‐like cells. We here discuss how these studies have given insights into the evolution of these traits.
Morphological traits correlated with resource partitioning among small characin fish species coexisting in a Neotropical river
Authors: Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Neves Mayara Pereira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBody shape variation should play a central role in determining the feeding ability of a fish species. We tested whether variations in feeding resource use of sympatric and closely related fish species could be explained by differences in ecologically relevant metrics, such as body morphology, trophic apparatus or combinations thereof. Fish were sampled at 14 sampling sites from Pelotas River and tributaries, Upper Uruguay, Brazil. The stomach contents of five species of Characidae (Astyanax and Bryconamericus) were analysed by the volumetric method. A geometric morphometric approach was used together with internal morphological traits to predict their patterns of prey use. Significant differences in body depth, snout and caudal peduncle lengths were found. Concomitant pronounced variations were verified to occur among species in structures related to digestion and absorption. Increased numbers of cusps, more pyloric caeca and higher intestinal coefficient values were observed in species that consumed greater proportions of plants. The opposite trends occurred in species that consumed greater proportions of insects. Mixed linear models indicated that the characin species differed significantly in the use of algae, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, plant remains/seeds and detritus. Dietary differences reflected in low trophic niche overlap. Partial least squares regression results indicated strong correlations between morphological divergences and the corresponding variations in species diet. These outcomes combined confirm that the morphological traits that best enables the exploration of certain resource were an important factor in the resource‐related divergence and were the underlying reasons for these species' respective feeding modes.
Use of X‐ray microcomputed tomography for characterizing earthworm‐derived belowground soil aggregates
Authors: Le Bayon Renée‐Claire , Guenat Claire , Schlaepfer Rodolphe , Fischer Franziska , Luiset Alexandre , Schomburg Andreas , Turberg Pascal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoil structure is closely linked to biological activities. However, identifying, describing and quantifying soil aggregates remain challenging. X‐ray micro computed tomography (X‐ray μCT) provides a detailed view of the physical structure at a spatial resolution of a few microns. It could be a useful tool to discriminate soil aggregates, their origin and their formation processes for a better comprehension of soil structure properties and genesis. Our study aims to (a) determine different X‐ray μCT‐based aggregate parameters for differentiating earthworm casts belowground (earthworm aggregates) from aggregates that are not formed by earthworms (non‐earthworm aggregates), and (b) to evaluate if these parameters can also serve as specific “tomographic signatures” for the studied earthworm species. For this purpose, we set up a microcosm experiment under controlled conditions during 8 weeks, including three species of earthworms tested separately: the epigeicLumbricus rubellus, the anecicLumbricus terrestrisand the endogeicAllolobophora chlorotica. Our results show that X‐ray μCT analysis helps distinguish earthworm aggregates from non‐earthworm ones using (a) the relative volume of the components within aggregates and (b) the volumetric mass of aggregates and their global volume. In particular, the volume ratio of mineral grains within the aggregates is significantly different according to earthworm species. So, X‐ray μCT is a powerful and promising tool for studying the composition of earthworm casts and their formation. However, future research is needed to take into account the shapes and spatial distribution of the aggregates' components, in particular the different states of organic matter decomposition.HighlightsCan earthworm belowground casts be differentiated from other soil aggregates using X‐ray μCT?The use of X‐ray μCT for characterizing soil aggregates at a spatial resolution of a few microns.A combination of X‐ray μCT variables discriminates earthworm casts from non‐earthworm aggregates.X‐ray μCT, used alone, is relevant for defining species‐specific signatures of earthworm casts.
Conformational flexibility of coenzyme A and its impact on the post‐translational modification of acyl carrier proteins by 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferases
Authors: Nguyen Minh Chau , Saurel Olivier , Carivenc Coralie , Gavalda Sabine , Saitta Stéphane , Tran Mai Phuong , Milon Alain , Chalut Christian , Guilhot Christophe , Mourey Lionel , Pedelacq Jean‐Denis 
Published: March 2020

One central question surrounding the biosynthesis of fatty acids and polyketide‐derived natural products is how the 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) interrogates the essential acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain to fulfill the initial activation step. The triggering factor of this study was the lack of structural information on PPTases at physiological pH, which could bias our comprehension of the mechanism of action of these important enzymes. Structural and functional studies on the family II PPTase PptAb of Mycobacterium abscessus show that pH has a profound effect on the coordination of metal ions and on the conformation of endogenously bound coenzyme A (CoA). The observed conformational flexibility of CoA at physiological pH is accompanied by a disordered 4′‐phosphopantetheine (Ppant) moiety. Finally, structural and dynamical information on an isolated mycobacterial ACP domain, in its apo form and in complex with the activator PptAb, suggests an alternate mechanism for the post‐translational modification of modular megasynthases.
Rapid changes in the ATG5‐ATG16L1 complex following nutrient deprivation measured using NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBIT)
Authors: Crowley Emily , Leung Euphemia , Reynisson Jóhannes , Richardson Alan 
Published: March 2020

Autophagy plays a role in several human diseases, but each of the current methods to measure autophagy has significant drawbacks. ATG5 and ATG16L1 are regulators necessary for autophagy; therefore, drugs that inhibit the interaction of these proteins may be therapeutically useful. To evaluate the interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in cells, their cDNAs were fused to the coding sequences of SmBIT and LgBIT, two components of NanoLuc luciferase. This generated a luminescent signal when SmBIT and LgBIT interacted to form a functional luciferase as a result of their colocalization that was brought about by the binding of ATG5 and ATG16L1. The assay measures the interaction in real time and can be used in microplate format to allow for multiple experimental conditions to be assessed. The interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 is not significantly altered by inhibition of lysosomal function, or inhibitors of Ulk1, Vps34 or mTORC1. However, there was a constitutive interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 and luminescence was stimulated within 3 min, by up to 500%, when the cells were deprived of nutrients. When the nutrients are returned, the complex returns to its basal status equally rapidly. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and CYM‐5541 partially repressed the effects of nutrient starvation. Furthermore, we identified a small‐molecule inhibitor that interferes with the interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in cells. This assay provides a novel tool for researchers to measure autophagy and can be potentially applied to many cell types.DatabaseReplicate data are available in Figshare database https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11798946.
Plastic CTOD as fatigue crack growth characterising parameter in 2024‐T3 and 7050‐T6 aluminium alloys using DIC
Authors: Vasco‐Olmo José Manuel , Díaz Garrido Francisco Alberto , Antunes Fernando Ventura , James M.N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe plastic range of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) has been used for the experimental characterisation of fatigue crack growth for 2024‐T3 and 7050‐T6 aluminium alloys using digital image correlation (DIC). Analysis of a complete loading cycle allowed resolving the CTOD into elastic and plastic components. Fatigue tests were conducted on compact tension specimens with a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 20 mm at stress ratios of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. The range of plastic CTOD could be related linearly to da/dN independent of stress ratio for both alloys. To facilitate accurate measurements of CTOD, a method was developed for correctly locating the crack tip and a sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effect of measurement position behind the crack tip on the CTOD. The plastic range of CTOD was demonstrated to be a suitable alternate parameter to the stress intensity factor range for characterising fatigue crack propagation. A particularly innovative aspect of the work is that the paper describes a DIC‐based technique that the authors believe gives a reliable way to determine the appropriate position to measure CTOD.
Recreational anglers as citizen scientists can provide data to estimate population size of pike, Esox lucius
Authors: Karlsson Konrad , Kari Elina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCatch‐per‐unit‐effort is often used as an approximation of population size. However, for the management and conservation of populations, information about the number of individuals is fundamental. Pike, Esox lucius L., is a popular fish species for recreational anglers. In this study, data in the form of journal keeping by anglers were used: date; place; and photographs of the captured fish; pike were identified based on their natural markings in combination with length measurements. The data were analysed by spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models. Results showed that a small and densely vegetated lake (6.7 ha) in south‐eastern Sweden had a population size of 91 (±22 SE) pike ≥60 cm. On one occasion, 10 individuals were caught, that is 11.1% of the population, highlighting that angling may potentially have a substantial impact on the population size. Hopefully, this study can inspire angler–manager collaborations for conservation of fish stocks.