bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of N95 and P100 Filtering Facepiece Respirators with Presence of Artificial Leakage
Authors: Zhu Jintuo , He Xinjian , Guffey Steve , Wang Liang , Wang Haifeng , Cheng Jianwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health–approved P100 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) have a higher filter efficiency compared to the N95 filters. However, the former typically produce higher flow resistance (Rf). Consequently, when faceseal leakage is present, the proportion of leakage airflow for P100 FFRs may exceed that of N95s, resulting in a higher total inward leakage (TIL) of the P100.MethodsIn this manikin-based study, the performance of two pairs of N95 and P100 FFRs (N95-A versus P100-A; N95-B versus P100-B) were compared under five sealing conditions (fully sealed and partially sealed with one, two, or three leaks of 0.8-mm, and one 2-mm leak). Sodium chloride particles (CMD ~45 nm) were used as the challenge aerosol. Respirators were tested under three constant flows (15, 50, and 85 L/min) and three cyclic flows (mean inspiratory flow = 15, 50, and 85 L/min). Both filter penetration (Pfilter) and TIL were determined. The Rf under constant flows was recorded. Based on Pfilter, TIL, and Rf, the quality factor (qf) was calculated to compare the overall performance of N95 and P100 FFRs.ResultsFor a fully sealed condition, the Pfilter was much lower for the P100 FFRs than for the N95 FFRs. When small leaks were inserted (0.8-mm and 2 × 0.8-mm), the TIL was higher for the P100 FFRs than for the N95 FFRs under the lowest tested flow (15 L/min), while for greater leaks (3 × 0.8-mm and 2-mm), the TIL of the P100 FFRs was always higher regardless of the flow. The Rf of P100 FFRs was measured twice as high as the N95. The qf values were also found higher for the N95 FFRs than for the P100 FFRs regardless of leak size and breathing flow.ConclusionsWith the presence of artificial leakage, a P100 FFR with high-flow-resistance may not be as protective as a low-flow-resistance N95 FFR. This finding suggests that future efforts should be directed to reducing the breathing resistance when designing P100 FFRs.
Evaluation of Sorbent Sampling and Analysis Procedures for Acetone in Workplace Air: Variations of Concentration and Relative Humidity
Authors: Soo Jhy-Charm , Lebouf Ryan F , Chisholm William P , Nelson John , Roberts Jennifer , Kashon Michael L , Lee Eun Gyung , Harper Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study experimentally evaluates the performance of different sorbent tubes for sampling acetone vapor in workplace air. A dynamic atmosphere system produced an acetone alone and a mixture with other analytes containing ~73, 483, and 1898 µg acetone mass loading at 25, 50, and 75% relative humidity (RH) at 25°C. Sorbent samples were analyzed in accordance with OSHA Method 69 (Carbosieve S-III) and NMAM 1501, modified to use Anasorb 747 sorbent. Both methods were modified to include the additional analytes. Additional extraction procedures with and without 1% dimethylformamide and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were included in the modified NMAM 1501 using Anasorb 747. Silica gel sorbent tubes analyzed according to NMAM 2027 were included. There were significant reductions in the recovery of acetone from both Anasorb 747 and Carbosieve S-III collected from air at 75% RH, relative to collection at 25 or 50% RH at very low loading compared with that of samples collected at mid to high loading. Silica gel provided a consistent recovery of acetone at all RHs and in the presence of other chemical interferences at 75% RH. The likely cause of mass dependence may arise from the humidity effect on acetone adsorption onto both beaded active carbon and carbon molecular sieve either in sampling or in analysis. The present study confirms not only previous observations but also adds to the literature showing carbonaceous sorbents are not well suited for sampling ketones at high humidity and low concentration.
Female solo song and duetting are associated with different territoriality in songbirds
Authors: Mikula Peter , Tószögyová Anna , Hořák David , Petrusková Tereza , Storch David , Albrecht Tomáš 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased effort to unravel selective factors behind female song evolution in songbirds. Female birds which produce songs may sing either solo or in duets; although the 2 vocal performances likely evolved through different selection forces and mechanisms, the majority of large-scale studies to date have focused only on duetting or female song in general (pooling female solo song and duetting into a single category). Hence, here we estimate the effect of behavioral life-history traits (territoriality, social bonds, and cooperative breeding) and environmental productivity on the occurrence of female solo song and duetting separately in songbirds of South Africa and Lesotho. The focal region is characterized by subtropical/tropical climate, clear spatial environmental productivity gradient, and detailed knowledge on avian species distribution and behavioral life-history traits. Phylogenetically informed comparative analyses revealed that species where females produce only solo songs exhibited higher levels of territoriality than species with nonsinging females (in an univariable model) but, simultaneously, lower levels than duetting species. Although both species with female solo song and duetting establish mainly long-term social bonds, the former defend their territories seasonally while the latter exhibit mainly year-round territoriality. Cooperative breeding and environmental productivity were not associated with the distribution of female solo song and duetting in any model. Our results indicate that when exploring female song ecology and evolution, female solo song and duetting are likely to be distinct song categories associated with different levels of territoriality.
OLOGRAM: determining significance of total overlap length between genomic regions sets
Authors: Ferré Q , Charbonnier G , Sadouni N , Lopez F , Kermezli Y , Spicuglia S , Capponi C , Ghattas B , Puthier D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Various bioinformatics analyses provide sets of genomic coordinates of interest. Whether two such sets possess a functional relation is a frequent question. This is often determined by interpreting the statistical significance of their overlaps. However, only few existing methods consider the lengths of the overlap, and they do not provide a resolutive P-value.

Results
Here, we introduce OLOGRAM, which performs overlap statistics between sets of genomic regions described in BEDs or GTF. It uses Monte Carlo simulation, taking into account both the distributions of region and inter-region lengths, to fit a negative binomial model of the total overlap length. Exclusion of user-defined genomic areas during the shuffling is supported.

Availability and implementation
This tool is available through the command line interface of the pygtftk toolkit. It has been tested on Linux and OSX and is available on Bioconda and from https://github.com/dputhier/pygtftk under the GNU GPL license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
From Needs to Relationships to Organisations: Transactional Complexity in Social Work in the Swedish Social Services
Authors: Khoo Evelyn , Nygren Lennart , Gümüscü Ahmet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article explores how Swedish social workers in different sectors of the social services understand complexity in relation to the needs found in ‘family’ and in social work practice. This study is based on interviews with sixty social workers in five service sectors: child welfare, elderly care, disability care, substance abuse and social assistance. The social workers’ reports of understanding and dealing with families with complex needs reveal distinctions between deeply rooted and broadly based needs. Complex family needs are transformed into complex cases based on family composition, relationships between clients and social workers and organisational context. Complexity theory, and in particular the term transactional complexity, is applied to describe the interactive relationship in and between complex needs, relational complexity and organisational complexity. The boundaries between these three domains are not distinct, and the interconnectivity and complexities occurring in and between them contribute to the production of much of the ‘wickedness’ that exists in social work practice. Social workers may gain from this knowledge in order to unravel the often intangible complexity that commonly appears in social work with families.
Clinical status and evolution in moyamoya: which angiographic findings correlate?
Authors: Rosi Andrea , Riordan Coleman P , Smith Edward R , Scott R Michael , Orbach Darren B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Moyamoya is a progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular pathology of unknown aetiology that usually involves the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries and/or the proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries bilaterally. The pre-operative Suzuki staging system and post-operative Matsushima grade are nearly universally used markers of natural history and surgical revascularization results, respectively, but their correlation with clinical and radiographic manifestations of moyamoya has not been systematically evaluated in a large cohort. This study evaluated the strength of correlations between pre- and post-operative angiographic parameters and clinical status among paediatric patients with moyamoya. The participants included 58 patients of mean age 11 years at the time of surgery who underwent bilateral indirect revascularization in the same procedure at Boston Children’s Hospital, between January 2010 and December 2015. All included patients had available pre-operative and 1-year post-operative digital subtraction angiography. Clinical data included presenting symptoms, degree of functional incapacity, and peri-operative and long-term complications. Radiographic data included pre-operative Suzuki stage, degree of arterial stenosis, a novel collateral score, the presence of hypovascular territories on digital subtraction angiography, and post-operative Matsushima grade and evolution of stenosis. Chi-squared test and Pearson coefficient were used for correlation studies for categorical variables and Spearman’s rho was used for correlation studies for continuous variables. Results showed that Suzuki stage, collateral score and degree of stenosis were insufficient to predict clinical presentation, pre-operative incapacity and radiographic presentation, whereas the presence of hypovascular territories was correlated with all of these. At 1-year follow-up, Matsushima grade was insufficient for predicting peri-operative or long-term complications, nor did it correlate with post-operative incapacity. The presence of hypovascular territories at 1-year follow-up was correlated with the incidence of post-operative ischaemic symptoms.
Variation in esophageal anastomosis technique—the role of collaborative learning
Authors: Halliday L J , Doran S L F , Sgromo B , Viswanath Y K S , Tucker O , Patel B , Jambulingam P S , Dawas K , Mercer S , Baker C , Mughal M , Hanna G B , Moorthy K 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Centralization of care has improved outcomes in esophagogastric (EG) cancer surgery. However, specialist surgical centers often work within clinical silos, with little transfer of knowledge and experience. Although variation exists in multiple dimensions of perioperative care, the differences in operative technique are rarely studied. An esophageal anastomosis workshop was held to identify areas of common and differing practice within the operative technique. Surgeons showed videos of their anastomosis technique by open and minimally invasive surgery. Each video was followed by a discussion. Surgeons from 10 different EG cancer centers attended. Eight key technical differences and learning points were identified and discussed: the optimum diameter of the gastric conduit; avoiding ischemia in the gastric conduit; minimizing esophageal trauma; the use of an esophageal mucosal collar; omental wrapping; intraoperative leak testing; ideal diameter of the circular stapler and the growing use of linear stapled anastomoses. The workshop received positive feedback from participants and on 2 years follow-up, 40% stated that they believed that the learning of tips and techniques during the workshop has contributed to lowering their anastomotic leak rate. Many differences exist in surgical technique. The reasons for, and crucially the significance of, these differences must be discussed and examined. Workshops provide a forum for peer-to-peer collaborative learning to reflect on one’s own practice and improve surgical technique. These changes can, in turn, generate incremental improvements in patient care and postoperative outcomes.
Effects of Strip Tillage in Sugar Beet on Density and Richness of Predatory Arthropods
Authors: Wenninger Erik J , Vogt Jessica R , Lojewski Jeffrey , Neher Oliver T , Morishita Don W , Daku Kristin E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStrip tillage, in which tillage and seedbed preparation are limited to a narrow band where the subsequent crop is planted, provides many potential agronomic benefits, including reduced fuel and labor costs, reduced erosion, and improved soil tilth. Lower soil disturbance and enhanced water retention associated with strip tillage also may affect density and diversity of predatory arthropods, which have been little studied in sugar beet. We examined the effects of tillage (conventional versus strip) on the predatory epigeal arthropod fauna in sugar beet. Studies were conducted over three growing seasons (2010–2012) in Idaho using both fenced and unfenced pitfall traps to sample arthropods. Unfenced pitfall traps often captured a greater activity density and richness of predators, and showed no bias of higher captures in conventionally tilled plots as has been shown elsewhere. Total density of predators was higher in strip tillage only during 2011. Density and species richness of carabid beetles did not differ between tillage treatments during the course of the study. Density of the other major taxa (staphylinid beetles, spiders, and Opiliones) was higher under strip tillage during some years, especially early in the season, but richness showed little or no relationship with tillage. Predaceous arthropods might be favored by enhanced ground cover, higher humidity, more moderate temperatures, and/or less habitat disturbance associated with strip-tilled plots. The results suggest that certain groups of soil-dwelling predatory arthropods can be favored by strip tillage in sugar beet, which further adds to the benefits of conservation tillage in this system.
Transient appearance of Brugada-like Type 1 electrocardiogram pattern immediately after biphasic synchronized electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation: a case series
Authors: Abdalla Khalid A S , Sorgente Antonio , Brugada Pedro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
ST-segment deviation post-electrical cardioversion is a common finding amongst a significant number of patients. However, the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs and its clinical implications are not fully understood.

Case summary
Four patients presented to our department with complaints of palpitations. They were found to have atrial fibrillation and were cardioverted using a synchronized direct current shock at 200 J. However, their telemetry immediately after the shock showed transiently an ST-segment elevation resembling Brugada Type 1 pattern. All telemetries normalized within 6 s from cardioversion.

Discussion
Through this report, we aim to raise mild concern about a possible safety issue related to synchronized electrical cardioversion with electrodes positioned in an anteroposterior fashion. Also, we try to give a pathophysiological explanation to this finding on the base of the knowledge accumulated through the years on Brugada syndrome.
Ventricular fibrillation in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries treated with pacing: a case report
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Hongyang , Wan Qilin , Han Xinqiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease which may present with sudden death from malignant arrhythmias including complete heart block and ventricular tachyarrhythmias as late complications. Only few cases about ventricular tachyarrhythmias, usually in those with markedly depressed systemic ventricular function, have been reported.

Case summary
A 26-year-old woman with a known history of CCTGA presented to the emergency department with palpitations and breathlessness for 3–4 weeks and worsening symptoms for 8 h. She had a history of ventricular septal defect repair 14 years ago. Her initial presentation electrocardiogram demonstrated high degree atrioventricular block with a ventricular rate of 44 b.p.m. She had two episodes of complete syncope during this hospitalization, both required external defibrillation due to documented bradycardia-dependent ventricular fibrillations. Her two-dimensional echocardiography study confirmed the diagnosis of CCTGA with preserved systolic ventricular function. She underwent urgent temporal pacing wire placement with a paced ventricular rate at 90 b.p.m. Having thoroughly reviewed the arrhythmia events and discussed with the patient about the option of defibrillator vs. pacemaker therapy a decision was made upon her request for dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. She was discharged home uneventfully 3 days after hospital presentation and has been physically active at 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups.

Discussion
Our case illustrates the individualized clinical decision making in choosing device therapy for a rare congenital heart disease presented with malignant arrhythmia. Careful history taking, open communication, and closely planned long-term follow-up will be essential in caring for such patients.
International Delphi survey of the ESTS/AATS/ISTH task force on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in thoracic surgery: the role of extended post-discharge prophylaxis
Authors: Agzarian John , Litle Virginia , Linkins Lori-Ann , Brunelli Alessandro , Schneider Laura , Kestenholz Peter , Li Hui , Rocco Gaetano , Girard Philippe , Nakajima Jun , Samama Charles Marc , Scarci Marco , Anraku Masaki , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Bertolaccini Luca , Lin Jules , Murthy Sudish , Hofstetter Wayne , Okumura Meinoshin , Solli Piergiorgio , Minervini Fabrizio , Kirk Alan , Douketis James , Shargall Yaron 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Venous thromboembolic events can be successfully prevented with chemical and/or mechanical prophylaxis measures, but evidence-based guidelines in thoracic surgery are limited, particularly regarding extended post-discharge prophylaxis. This study attempts to gather an international consensus on best practices to inform the development of such guidelines.

METHODS
A series of 3 surveys was distributed to the ESTS/AATS/ISTH (European Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association of Thoracic Surgeons, International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis) venous thromboembolic events prophylaxis working group starting January 2017. This iterative Delphi consensus process sought to gather a consensus on (i) risk factors; (ii) preferred agents; (iii) duration; and (iv) perceived barriers to an extended thromboprophylaxis approach. Participant responses were expressed on a 10-point scale, and the results were summarized and circulated to all respondents in subsequent rounds. A coefficient of variance of ≤0.3 was identified pre hoc to identify agreement.

RESULTS
A total of 21 Working Group members completed the surveys, composed of 19% non-surgeon thrombosis experts, and 48% from North America. Respondents largely saw agreement regarding risk factors that indicate a need for extended thromboprophylaxis. The group agreed that low-molecular-weight heparin is a suitable agent for use post-discharge, but there was a wide variety in response regarding agents, duration and barriers to extended prophylaxis, where no consensus was observed across the three rounds.

CONCLUSIONS
There is strong agreement around indications for extended venous thromboembolic events thromboprophylaxis after thoracic surgery, but there is little consensus regarding the agents and duration to be employed. Further research is required to better inform guideline development.
The impact of decriminalization on marijuana and alcohol consumption in Jamaica
Authors: Spencer Nekeisha , Strobl Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine whether marijuana decriminalization in Jamaica, a country that historically has had relatively widespread use of the drug, has led to an increase in its use, the frequency of use and the money spent on it. To this end, we use a national drug survey dataset with extensive information on people’s use of, attitudes towards, access to marijuana. Our econometric analysis shows that awareness of the legislation has a positive correlation with the use of the substance. Worryingly, decriminalization positively correlates with the likelihood of first time and general use for youths. There is also some evidence that the legislation results in a substitution away from alcohol towards marijuana consumption for youths. From a policy perspective, a marijuana monitoring system can be implemented to follow the consumption patterns of youths. This should involve establishing school-level programmes that monitor students, and where potential drug users are identified, school officials should intervene to curb students’ drug appetite before an escalated use of marijuana.
The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide Rates among Black and White Populations in the United States, 1991–2016
Authors: Knopov Anita , Siegel Michael , Xuan Ziming , Rothman Emily F , Cronin Shea W , Hemenway David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential differential effects of state-level firearm laws on black and white populations. Using a panel design, authors examined the relationship between state firearm laws and homicide victimization rates among white people and black people in 39 states during the period between 1991 and 2016. Authors modeled homicide rates using linear regression with year and state fixed effects and controlled for a range of time-varying, state-level factors. Results showed that universal background check laws and permit requirement laws were associated with lower homicide rates among both white and black populations, and “shall issue” laws were associated with higher homicide rates among both white and black populations. Laws that prohibit firearm possession among people convicted of a violent misdemeanor or require relinquishment of firearms by people with a domestic violence restraining order were associated with lower black homicide rates, but not with white homicide rates. Author identification of heterogeneity in the associations between state firearm laws and homicide rates among different racial groups has implications for reducing racial health disparities.