bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide Grain 7 increases grain width by enhancing H3K4me3 enrichment in the OsMADS1 promoter in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Huang Yong , Bai Xufeng , Cheng Niannian , Xiao Jinghua , Li Xianghua , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryGrain size is a major determinant of grain weight, a key component of grain yield of rice. Here, we identified the grain size gene WIDE GRAIN 7 (WG7) from a T‐DNA insertion mutant. The grain size of WG7 knockout mutants and WG7 overexpression lines indicated that WG7 is a positive regulator of grain size. WG7 encodes a cysteine‐tryptophan (CW) domain‐containing transcriptional activator. EMSAs and ChIP‐qPCR assay confirmed that WG7 directly bound to the promoter of OsMADS1, a grain size gene, and thereby significantly activated its expression. Point mutations showed that the cis‐element CATTTC motif in the promoter was the binding site of WG7. Compared with the wild‐type, deletion mutants of the cis‐element motif exhibited lower expression of OsMADS1 and produced narrower grains, implicating the requirement of this motif for WG7 function. ChIP‐qPCR assays showed that WG7 enhanced histone H3K4me3 enrichment in the promoter of OsMADS1. WG7 underwent directional selection due to the poor fertility of the non‐functional mutant. These findings demonstrated that WG7 upregulated OsMADS1 expression by directly binding to its promoter, enhanced histone H3K4me3 enrichment in the promoter and ultimately increased grain width. This study will enrich the knowledge concerning the regulatory network of grain size formation in rice.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: December 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 7 Guilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKLisa Marie Portugal, American College of Education, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USAThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Early weaning induces short‐ and long‐term effects on pancreatic islets in Wistar rats of both sexes
Authors: Pietrobon Carla Bruna , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , Bertasso Iala Milene , Mathias Paulo Cezar de Freitas , Bonfleur Maria Lúcia , Balbo Sandra Lucinei , Reis Marise Auxiliadora de Barros , Latorraca Márcia Queiroz , Arantes Vanessa Cristina , de Oliveira Elaine , Lisboa Patrícia Cristina , de Moura Egberto Gaspar 
Published: December 2019

Key points
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age as an important strategy to reduce child morbidity and mortality.
Studies have associated early weaning with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
In our model, we demonstrated that early weaning leads to increased insulin secretion in adolescent males and reduced insulin secretion in adult offspring.
Early weaned males exhibit insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Early weaning did not change insulin signalling in the muscle of female offspring.
Taking into account that insulin resistance is one of the primary factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this work demonstrates the importance of breastfeeding in the fight against this disease.
AbstractEarly weaning (EW) leads to short‐ and long‐term obesity and diabetes. This phenotype is also observed in experimental models, in which early‐weaned males exhibit abnormal insulinaemia in adulthood. However, studies regarding the effect of EW on pancreatic islets are rare. We investigated the mechanisms by which glycaemic homeostasis is altered in EW models through evaluations of insulin secretion and its signalling pathway in offspring. Lactating Wistar rats and their pups were divided into the following groups: non‐pharmacological EW (NPEW): mothers were wrapped with an adhesive bandage on the last 3 days of lactation; pharmacological EW (PEW): mothers received bromocriptine to inhibit prolactin (1 mg/kg body mass/day) on the last 3 days of lactation; and control (C): pups underwent standard weaning at PN21. Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PN45 and PN180. At PN45, EW males showed higher insulin secretion (vs. C). At PN170, PEW males exhibited hyperglycaemia in an oral glucose tolerance test (vs. C and NPEW). At PN180, EW male offspring were heavier; however, both sexes showed higher visceral fat. Insulin secretion was lower in EW offspring of both sexes. Males from both EW groups had lower glucokinase in islets, but unexpectedly, PEW males showed higher GLUT2, than did C. EW males exhibited lower insulin signalling in muscle. EW females exhibited no changes in these parameters compared with C. We demonstrated distinct alterations in the insulin secretion of EW rats at different ages. Despite the sex dimorphism in insulin secretion in adolescence, both sexes showed impaired insulin secretion in adulthood due to EW.
Design and Proof of Principle of a Novel Drip Chamber
Authors: de Ridder Else F. , Hoeboer Max D. B. , van Dam Anne F. D. M. , van den Bosch Job 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
More than a million times every year, an ambulance is deployed in the Netherlands. Of these instances, 87% of the patients will be administered intravenous (IV) fluids. In the current situation, the IV bag always needs to be held above the patient to function properly. This action requires an extra pair of hands, which is very inefficient and can result in the loss of precious time that could otherwise be directed at the patient. Besides needing an extra pair of hands, there is also a chance of air bubbles entering the patient through the drip feed. The novel drip chamber design proposed in this paper aims to solve these problems, as it enables the IV bag to be placed in any orientation and in any manner relative to the patient with a negligible number of air bubbles entering the drip feed. This novel drip chamber was tested in an experimental setting in different orientations and at different flowrates. From the test results, it can be concluded that at a clinical relevant flowrate, a negligible number of air bubbles were present within the IV system. Because of the ease of use of the novel drip chamber and the fact that it is fool-proof, cost-efficient, and shows promising test results, future research on several aspects could make this product a promising addition to health care.
Establishment of Exergy Consumption Evaluation System and Analysis of Energy Efficiency for Crude Oil Pipeline Transportation System
Authors: Qinglin Cheng , Yanxin Ma , Jinwei Yang , Chenlin Pan , Yifan Gan , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In order to establish a comprehensive exergy consumption evaluation system for crude oil pipeline transportation system, this paper proposed the definition and calculation method of unavoidable exergy loss based on the exergy analysis method and basic process of pipeline transportation. Then combined with the exergy flow classification, the exergy consumption index set was established and selected with correlation coefficient method. Furthermore, the exergy consumption evaluation index system was established including four hierarchies of object, intensity, efficiency and target using analytic hierarchy process and the weight of each part was calculated. Finally by means of all the exergy consumption indexes, the status of using energy was analyzed and evaluated. The analysis results showed that optimizing the transportation amount and temperature, energy efficiency could be improved. The evaluation system of exergy consumption established in this paper could improve operation efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
Numerical and Experimental Research of Oil Replacement Rule in Station Processing Facilities of Product Pipeline
Authors: Lin Qi , Lou Chen , Xiang Yifan , Yang Jinwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In order to study the impact of blind pipes in the oil contamination of product oil stations, the paper first gave the summary, definition and classification for typical blind pipe, then use the commercial CFD software CFX to make numerical simulation and conduct related experiment. The oil replacement process achieved from numerical simulation was compared with the experiment. The results showed a high degree of agreement. Then the oil replacement rules of straight blind pipe, bend blind pipe and L-shaped blind pipe were carried on by CFX numerical simulation. The results showed that L-shaped blind pipe had the greatest influence on the oil quality and longest replaced time, followed by bend blind pipe, and straight blind pipe was the least. We do the numerical simulation to obtain oil replacement rate, contaminated oil concentration and rules of oil replacement under different blind pipe length, oil velocity, and the structure of blind pipes. The research can provide a basis for construction, process modification and equipment layout of product oil stations, and improve the operation efficiency and economic benefit of product pipeline.
CFD Analysis of Melting Process in Pipelines for Wax Removal by Hot Water
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Hui , Lu Zhenyu , Meng Fanbin , Zhao Haiqian , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the numerical study of the melting process of the wax when using the “stuffy pipeline” operation to remove the wax. Transient two dimensional heat transfer analysis was performed by using the enthalpy-porosity and Volume of Fluid (VOF) methods in ANSYS FLUENT. This study aimed at revealing the phase change heat transfer characteristics of wax melting process. The effects of water temperature, the thickness of the wax layer and wax layer composition on the melting process were investigated. The results show that when the “stuffy pipeline” operation is adopted, the operation time should be controlled wisely, the effect of wax removal does not increase over time. Moreover, the thickness of the wax layer is smaller, and the effect of wax removal is greatly reduced. The composition of wax layer has a significant influence on the melting process. When the wax is distributed in a single or double layer, the liquid contours of wax varies greatly.
A Method for Anti-Erosion of Water Hydraulic Valve Plug Based on Variable Stiffness and Energy Mitigating Mechanism
Authors: Sun Feng , Xu He , Jiao Liye , Zhao Zitong , Cheng Min 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Researches on erosion resistance of valves from the perspective of variable stiffness and energy mitigating are rarely to be seen so far. The ballistic protection for body armor usually requires both high strength and high energy mitigation. Based on the above characteristics of the body armor, ballistic protection for body armor is analogous to the valve plug erosion resistance. In this work, we introduce a new energy mitigating body armor inspired valve plug (EMAVP) to improve its anti-erosion performance. The EMAVP has a gradient hierarchical structure in hardness, variable stiffness materials and structures. The authors analyze the variety of stiffness and energy mitigating of the EMAVP. The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is used to simulate the erosion performance, the EMAVP and normal valve plug specimens were tested in the comprehensive experimental system of water hydraulic valve and jet erosion facility. Results show that the EMAVP is superior to normal valve plug, with higher energy mitigating and better anti-erosion performance.
Prediction of Particle Resuspension and Particle Accumulation in Hydraulic Reservoirs Using Three-Phase CFD Simulations
Authors: Muttenthaler Lukas , Manhartsgruber Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The reduction of hydraulic oil contamination in gaseous (air), liquid (water) and solid (particles) form is highly relevant for hydraulic systems. It minimizes machine downtime, avoids technical failures, and reduces wear of mechanical components and fluid degradation. Particle and water separation are achieved by hydraulic filters. The separation of air bubbles must be undertaken by the reservoir, furthermore the reservoir can support the separation of (free) water and particles.
In this paper, stationary results over a wide range of oil flow rates were determined using Eulerian CFD codes. Thus, codes are extended with Lagrangian particle tracking, to determine the size-dependent particle resuspension rate and particle accumulation areas. The results of the particle model were compared and adjusted to experiments, using mineral oil and aluminum oxide test dust. Particle accumulation areas are identified by local deposition distributions for each particle size. An overall distribution was identified by weighting distributions for each particle diameter.
Segmentation and termination of the surface rupture zone produced by the 1932 Ms 7.6 Changma earthquake: New insights into the slip partitioning of the eastern Altyn Tagh fault system
Authors: Du Jiaxin , Fu Bihong , Guo Qiang , Shi Pilong , Xue Guoliang , Xu Huan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 1932 Ms 7.6 earthquake struck the active Changma fault in the NE Tibetan Plateau, and produced a distinct surface rupture along the fault zone. However, the segmentation and termination of the surface rupture zone are still unclear. In this paper, the active tectonic analyses of multiple satellite images complemented by field investigations present the 120-km-long surface rupture zone, which can be divided into five discrete first-order segments, ranging from 14.4 to 39.56 km in length, linked by step-overs. Our results also indicate that the 1932 rupture zone could jump across step-overs 0.3–4.5 km long and 2.2–5.4 km wide in map view, but was terminated by a 6.3-km-wide restraining step-over at the eastern end. The left-lateral slip rates along the mid-eastern and easternmost segments of the Changma fault are 3.43 ± 0.5 mm/yr and 4.49 ± 0.5 mm/yr since 7–9 ka, respectively. The proposed tectonic models suggest that the slip rates on the Changma fault are similar to the slip rate on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault system near the junction point with the Changma fault. These results imply that the Changma fault plays a leading role in the slip partitioning of the easternmost segment of the Altyn Tagh fault system.
The burden of misclassification of antepartum stillbirth in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Rejina , Litorp Helena , Berkelhamer Sara , Zhou Hong , Tinkari Bhim Singh , Paudel Prajwal , Malla Honey , Sharma Srijana , KC Ashish 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGlobally, every year 1.1 million antepartum stillbirths occur with 98% of these deaths taking place in countries where the health system is poor. In this paper we examine the burden of misclassification of antepartum stillbirth in hospitals of Nepal and factors associated with misclassification.MethodA prospective observational study was conducted in 12 hospitals of Nepal for a period of 6 months. If fetal heart sounds (FHS) were detected at admission and during the intrapartum period, the antepartum stillbirth (fetal death ≥22 weeks prior labour) recorded in patient’s case note was recategorised as misclassified antepartum stillbirth. We further compared sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of misclassified and correctly classified antepartum stillbirths using bivariate and multivariate analysis.ResultA total of 41 061 women were enrolled in the study and 39 562 of the participants’ FHS were taken at admission. Of the total participants whose FHS were taken at admission, 94.8% had normal FHS, 4.7% had abnormal FHS and 0.6% had no FHS at admission. Of the total 119 recorded antepartum stillbirths, 29 (24.4%) had FHS at admission and during labour and therefore categorised as misclassified antepartum stillbirths. Multivariate analysis performed to adjust the risk of association revealed that complications during pregnancy resulted in a threefold risk of misclassification (adjusted OR-3.35, 95% CI 1.95 to 5.76).ConclusionAlmost 25% of the recorded antepartum stillbirths were misclassified. Improving quality of data is crucial to improving accountability and quality of care. As the interventions to reduce antepartum stillbirth differ, accurate measurement of antepartum stillbirth is critical.Trial registration numberISRCTN30829654.
Association between antenatal blood pressure and 5-year postpartum retinal arteriolar structural and functional changes
Authors: Sim Ralene , Aris Izzuddin , Chong Yap-Seng , Wong Tien Yin , Li Ling-jun 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveStudies have shown that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with both postpartum retinal microvascular changes and cardiovascular (CV) risks. However, the underlying mechanism of HDP transitioning to microvascular and macrovascular changes remains unknown, due to the interaction between microvasculature and CV risks. In this study, we examined whether associations between antenatal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and postpartum retinal arteriolar changes are independent of postpartum CV risks.MethodsWe included 276 Singaporean mothers attending both baseline index pregnancy (2009–2010) and 5-year postpartum follow-up visits (2014–2015). We measured SBP at baseline. At follow-up, we assessed retinal microvascular structure and function with retinal photography and dynamic vessel analyser, together with CV risks using a validated 2008 Framingham Risk Score (FRS). We performed a traditional four-step mediation analysis using linear regression by adjusting for a series of baseline characteristics: age, ethnicity, college degree, prepregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis at baseline.ResultsWe found that each 10 mm Hg increase in baseline SBP was associated with reduced arteriolar calibre (−1.3 µm; 95% CI −3.0 to 0.2) and fractal dimension (−0.4 degrees of freedom (df); −1.0 to 0.2), and significantly with increased arteriolar constriction (0.5%; 0.001 to 1.0) at 5-year postpartum. Even though baseline SBP was associated with postpartum FRS, the latter was not associated with any retinal arteriolar measures. Therefore, no further mediation analysis was required.ConclusionOur study suggested that elevated SBP during pregnancy was associated with suboptimal retinal arteriolar structure and function independent of postpartum CV risks.
Optimizing the parton shower model in PYTHIA with pp collision data at √s = 13 TeV
Authors: Kundu Suman Kumar , Sarkar Tanmay , Maity Manas 
Published: December 2019

Production of quarks and gluons in hadron collisions tests Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) over a wide range of energy. Models of QCD are implemented in event generators to simulate hadron collisions and evolution of quarks and gluons into jets of hadrons. pythia8 uses the parton shower model for simulating particle collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event shape variables and jet cross-sections in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to optimize the parton shower model as used in PYTHIA8.
Ultrasound-mediated Delivery of Paclitaxel for Glioma: A Comparative Study of Distribution, Toxicity, and Efficacy of Albumin-bound Versus Cremophor Formulations
Authors: Zhang Daniel Y. , Dmello Crismita , Chen Li , Arrieta Victor A. , Gonzalez-Buendia Edgar , Kane J. Robert , Magnusson Lisa P. , Baran Aneta , James C. David , Horbinski Craig , Carpentier Alexandre , Desseaux Carole , Canney Michael , Muzzio Miguel , Stupp Roger , Sonabend Adam M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Paclitaxel shows little benefit in the treatment of glioma due to poor penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) with microbubble injection transiently disrupts the BBB allowing for improved drug delivery to the brain. We investigated the distribution, toxicity, and efficacy of LIPU delivery of two different formulations of paclitaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABX) and paclitaxel dissolved in cremophor (CrEL-PTX), in preclinical glioma models.

Experimental Design:
The efficacy and biodistribution of ABX and CrEL-PTX were compared with and without LIPU delivery. Antiglioma activity was evaluated in nude mice bearing intracranial patient-derived glioma xenografts (PDX). Paclitaxel biodistribution was determined in sonicated and nonsonicated nude mice. Sonications were performed using a 1 MHz LIPU device (SonoCloud), and fluorescein was used to confirm and map BBB disruption. Toxicity of LIPU-delivered paclitaxel was assessed through clinical and histologic examination of treated mice.

Results:
Despite similar antiglioma activity in vitro, ABX extended survival over CrEL-PTX and untreated control mice with orthotropic PDX. Ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption enhanced paclitaxel brain concentration by 3- to 5-fold for both formulations and further augmented the therapeutic benefit of ABX. Repeated courses of LIPU-delivered CrEL-PTX and CrEL alone were lethal in 42% and 37.5% of mice, respectively, whereas similar delivery of ABX at an equivalent dose was well tolerated.

Conclusions:
Ultrasound delivery of paclitaxel across the BBB is a feasible and effective treatment for glioma. ABX is the preferred formulation for further investigation in the clinical setting due to its superior brain penetration and tolerability compared with CrEL-PTX.
Cinna and Crassicius
Authors: Conrau-Lewis Kyle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper argues that an anonymous epigram about the commentator Crassicius marrying Cinna’s Zmyrna is a satirical poem playfully evoking the incest of Zmyrna in order to make a more pointed critique of the genre of commentary. The poem suggests that like Zmyrna herself, the Zmyrna is libidinous, an unfaithful and Catullan mistress who cannot be trusted by her commentator. The poem therefore invites the reader to think more broadly about the relationship between author and commentator and about issues of textual ownership. In antiquity, poems are often imagined as sexual partners, while conversely sex itself is conceptualised as a grammatical activity. Sexuality therefore becomes a site for thinking about grammar and literary criticism and the relationship of commentator to text.
Roman Agamemnon
Authors: Rebeggiani Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines three sections of the proem to Lucretius’ De rerum natura: the so-called hymn to Venus (Lucr. 1.1-43), the praise of Epicurus (1.62-79), and the Iphigenia passage (1.80-101). The article’s goal is to show that distinct, interconnected political echoes are perceptible in these three sections of Lucretius’ proem, and that Lucretius intertwines his philosophical teaching with Roman political culture in such a way as to make his Epicurean message more acceptable to Roman audiences. The article demonstrates Lucretius’ interaction with the use of myth in political language in Rome in the 60s and 50s BCE. It analyzes the relevance of the Mithridatic wars to Roman discussions of imperialism and Lucretius’ exploitation of this conflict’s iconic status. This article suggests that Memmius’ political action in the 60s may have made him a particularly suitable addressee for Lucretius’ poem. It also explores the implications of this new reading of the proem for the date of Lucretius’ De rerum natura.