bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why a run-to-fail strategy is not good practice for SIS?
Authors: Vora Keyur G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Maintenance & Reliability engineers understand pain area that the portion before the “flat” part of the “Bathtub” is where a high number of premature failures can occur: commonly referred to as “infant mortality”. One of the fundamentals of the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFDavg) calculations in SIL verification analysis, is the concept of a constant failure-rate during useful life of the equipment. Probabilistic calculations assume that the failure rate of the devices used in a Safety Instrumented System (SIS) remains constant during the “flat” (constant failure rate) portion of the “bathtub” curve. Most manufacturers will perform stringent testing to weed-out, weaker units that could fail prematurely, leading to unwanted warranty claims. When equipment reaches to flat portion of it’s lifetime called as “wear-out” phase then the failures start to rise dramatically & then the integrity of the Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) is compromised. During the Operation and Maintenance phase of the SIS, periodic performance assessments need to be made in order to ensure the as-designed, installed and commission SIS and its SIFs, still meet the performance requirements of the Safety Requirement Specification (SRS) [1]. Using a run-to-fail strategy will not enable the SIFs to meet the performance requirements once wear-out occurs. This paper will explain why a run-to-fail strategy is not good practice for a SIS, which will lead to the de-graded performance of the SIFs. This paper addresses both the design and operational impacts of a run-to-fail strategy.
Design of non-contact fuel consumption real-time monitoring system for BDS positioning special vehicle
Authors: Zhang Pengwei , Guo Chengliang , Wu Yongjie , Wang Wenjun , He Bingyang , Zhang Yuanfa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The fuel consumption measure is inaccurate and no real-time with the three-scale mete in the special vehicles, so the real-time fuel measurement system is developed with the technologies of ultrasonic sensing, single-chip microcontroller, BDS positioning and wireless communication. An ultrasonic oil level sensor is stuck on the bottom of each tank to detect the remaining oil of tanks accurately. It can avoid destroying the existing equipment structure. BDS positioning module is applied to monitor the location of vehicle. This technology is China complete autonomy. The special wireless transmission module and special network node are set up for transmitting the data of fuel consumption and position. It can guarantee the transmission secure and confidential. And a fuel consumption detection algorithm is studied with BDS measuring distance. The prototype is tested in four different road conditions. The error rate of oil detection on a highway with good conditions is 3.92%. And the measured fuel consumption value is close to the manufacturer’s nominal value. The analysis of experimental data shows that the design of the detection system is reasonable and the fuel consumption detection algorithm is correct and reliable, and real-time fuel detection and positioning for the special vehicles can be realized.
Calibration method of curvature distortion in step height measurement by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Xixi , Gao Sitian , Shi Yushu , Li Shi , Huang Lu , Zhang Shu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to characterize the surface topography in nanomaterials and biology research since the high resolution in 3 dimensions. Height measurement is important in the investigation of graphene thickness. Due to some AFMs use tube scanner, the curved scanning distortion will cause height measurement error. Step height standards calibrated by metrological AFM are used to calibrate the Z axis of conventional AFMs. However, for step structure with large width, the method specified in ISO 5436 is not suitable. The distortion of the curvature scanning is discussed for different samples, and for large step width the influence is significant. So the substrate correction method is proposed to eliminate the scanning curvature and the comparison with several other fitting correction methods is also discussed.
Synthesis and experimental investigation of PZT nanocomposite films
Authors: Janusas Tomas , Janusas Giedrius , Palevicius Arvydas , Ciganas Justas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, synthesis of nanocomposite and experimental investigation of three samples of nanocomposite films are presented. The aim of this research is to determine influence of the PZT particle concentration in nanocomposite on the surface morphology, qualitative and quantitative chemical composition ant direct piezoelectric effect. The specimens were prepared by mixing the PZT nanopowder with PMMA in three different proportions: 85% of PZT and 15% of binder; 90% of PZT and 10% of binder; 95% of PZT and 5% of binder. Surface morphology and qualitative and quantitative chemical composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscope, which is equipped with the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer. Electrical response of the pulse-excited specimens is also presented.
An automatic grading system for electronic medical records with neural network
Authors: Liu Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Automatically grading electronic medical records from clinical researchers is an important task on healthcare research. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network framework to grade medical records by grading note. We regard the scoring process as a text pattern classification task with mapped sentences from grading concept rule to medical records. This framework involves two stages. The first stage is key medical concept matching between grading note and medical records. The second stage is text pattern classification which can predict whether the key concept in grading note is correct, missing or incorrect. The result shows that our neural network model performs better than other traditional machine learning grading methods. Our system makes a great progress for text pattern classification accuracy and performs much better baselines on grading process.
The disc expansion model to determine the MIC of a planar bounded connected domain
Authors: Zhou Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To determine the maximum inscribe circle (MIC) of a planar bounded connected domain which can be represented as a generalized polygon (with arcs edges), a disco expansion model is proposed. The model simulates a disc continues expanding process in a polygon without friction. When it cannot expand, the three contact points which are both on the circle and the sides of polygons are just the points to determine the MIC. The implementation algorithm of the model for convex polygon is also given. For generalized polygons with arcs or concave points, bottleneck lines as soft edge are adopted to partitioned the polygons first. Then, the proposed model can be applicable for generalized polygons with little modification.
Improved non-local mean denoising algorithm based reliability of reference pixel
Authors: Lee Junghyun , Jeong Jechang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for improved the non-local mean denoising algorithm by using the similarity in comparison with reference pixels. The noise in image is eliminated by the calculation to follow values as the patterns are similar in non-local mean denoising alogirthm. In the conventional algorithm, all the comparison results of the pixels are included in the denoising process, and even the low similarity result is included. The method causes the denoised effect to incorrect. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that reduces the influence of low-similarity reference pixels or improves the effect of high-similarity reference pixels. The proposed method improves both the object quality and the subject quality.
Study of low and high temperature oxidation of n-pentane at supercritical conditions in a jet stirred reactor
Authors: Yang Yifu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The intermediate/low and high temperature oxidation of n-pentane from atmospheric pressure to supercritical pressures (1-100 atm) was studied by using Chemkin, a commercial software. A recently developed n-pentane model was used to predict the temperature evolutions of major and intermediate species, like n-pentane, O2, CO, CO2, CH2O, C2H4, CH3CHO at varied pressure and temperature conditions. It is found that as the environmental pressure increases, the difference between high temperature oxidation and low temperature oxidation becomes less obvious because the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) is decreasing (at 10 atm and 100 atm, high temperature oxidation occurs right after low temperature oxidation). At supercritical pressures, the high temperature oxidation is governed by the branching reactions of RO2, and the addition reaction of QOOH with oxygen dominates the reaction paths at both low and high temperature oxidations because the addition reaction between QOOH and oxygen is still more important than the decomposition reaction of QOOH at high temperature and 100 atm. According to the pathway analysis and sensitivity analysis, the branching reactions of RO2 are dominating at both low and intermediate to high temperatures.
Evaluating the impact of using various biodiesel blends on the performance of diesel engine at variable load conditions
Authors: Abu-Zaid Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, researchers use various types of alternative fuels, for diesel engines. Previous studies, reveals that biodiesel with renewable origin, is the most promising alternative fuel, with less impact on the environment. The objective of this paper, is to determine experimentally, the impact of using different biodiesel blends, extracted from Sun flower, Palm, and Corn oils, on the performance on diesel engine. The engine was operated at variable load and fixed speed. The following main parameters were determined: Torque, Brake power, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake thermal efficiency, Fuel consumption, and Exhaust temperature. Results show that when all the biodiesels were used as a fuel to the engine, the engine has lower BSFC and exhaust temperature, and higher brake thermal efficiency, than when using pure diesel as fuel for the engine. This implies that using the biodiesel blends is more economically than using pure diesel as a fuel for the engine. In addition, it was concluded that using all these blends produces less NOx emissions.
The effects of flexible vortex generator on the wake structures for improving turbulence
Authors: Dol Sharul Sham , Chan Hiang Bin , Wee Siaw Khur , Perumal Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Turbulence is a very useful flow characteristic that is used in many engineering devices to facilitate mixing, heat transfer in heat exchanger and improving aerodynamics in propeller. This paper has numerically studied the spatial characteristics of the wake behind a free-oscillating flexible vortex generator (FVG) in order to evaluate its turbulence generation ability. As the wake is playing as the effective turbulence region, the spatial characteristics can reflect the ability of the FVG in turbulence generation when a larger wake size indicates a greater turbulence region. Two VGs are considered in this study; circular and flat plate cantilever. Each VG was submerged individually in a subcritical flow (102 <ReD < 105) and the generated wake was studied. The wake behind the FVG was visualized via the lambda2 vortex identification criterion and it was compared with its respective rigid counterpart. From the comparison, it is found that the FVG has a larger wake compared to its rigid counterpart. The result demonstrates that the FVG can generate a larger turbulence region. The cause of the increasing wake size was found to be the weakening of downwash behind the FVG when it bends. The downwash becomes weaker as the deflection of the FVG increases.
Calculation and analysis of gyroplane trimming characteristics
Authors: Xiang Y , Wang J , Cao Y , Wei N 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to analyse the trimming characteristics of gyroplane, a complete nonlinear dynamic equation is established, which is a seven-degree of freedom model. By using constraints, the quantity of unknown variables is equal to the quantity of equations. In the process of solving the equation, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied. After comparing the results of mathematical model to the flight test, it can be concluded that the seven degree of freedom model is valid.
Supporting mechanism design of parachutes for 2.4m×2.4m transonic wind tunnel in CARDC
Authors: Hao Dong , Zhang Lin , Yu Jing , Mao Daiyong , Yang Xianwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to carry out the wind tunnel test of the parachutes in 2.4m×2.4m transonic wind tunnel of CARDC which is located at Mianyang, a supporting mechanism for the attack angle from 0 to 25 degrees at Mach 0.4 and 0.8 is designed and optimized in the present paper. Three section shapes (circle, ellipse, and airfoil) are utilized to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics and mechanical performances of the designed supporting mechanism. The aerodynamic and mechanical simulated results of the three different section shapes are compared and discussed. The optimized design is verified by wind tunnel experiments. The results show that the section shape of circle has the largest modal frequency of first order (53.497Hz), the smallest Mises stress (34.1MPa) and displacement (0.4735mm). It is the best section shape of the three for the supporting mechanism. The investigation in the present paper has a good significant meaning to the testing technologies of the wind tunnel experiments for parachutes.
The study of properties of metal rubber damper used in thruster
Authors: Duan Fu-Wei , Tao Yuan , Ding Cheng-Bin , Yu Ming-Fei , Sun Jin-Chuan , Wang Ming-Liang , Liu Lu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Developed a new type of metal rubber damper to reduce the vibration of a certain type of thruster, researched the mechanical properties of this new damper and rubber damper with experiment. The results show that: the area of protection, the static load capacity and the energy consumption of metal rubber damper are better than rubber damper, it is useful to adjust the performance of the metal rubber damper by adjusting the density, height, pre-compression and other parameters. The study provides some reference for reducing vibration of thruster with metal rubber damper.
A recommendation of pension service based on user preferences and trust relationships
Authors: Zhang Kaiqi , Li Chunshan , Chu Dianhui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recommendation technology have been widely used in social networks and many e-commerce websites, but there are few recommendations of pension service and those recommendation results are not accurate enough. For more accurately recommending personalized pension services to users, this paper proposes a recommendation method of pension service based on the user preferences and the trust relationships between users. Firstly, by mining user socialization relationship information, the degree of trust relationships between users is calculated, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to obtain the user similarity, then their results are combined and used to find the neighbour user set of the target user. Secondly, a timeliness model of user ratings based on the user evaluation time are established, which is used to determine the user’s preference for the service, and finally to predict the target user’s rating value for the project. The experiment takes the Douban review data and the users social data as the case to verify the results. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional recommendation method, the recommendation method based on user preferences and trust relationships improves the accuracy of recommendation.
Immediate measurement of fuel characteristics of bio-char using NIRS
Authors: Xue Junjie , Hu Xiaoying , Liang Hui , Wang Xiaodong , Haiyang LV , Yang Zengling , Dong Changqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Low temperature pyrolysis is effective to improve the fuel quality of wheat straw and corn stover. To determine the pyrolysis condition and fully utilizing the solid product (bio-char), the fuel characteristics of the bio-char should be measured. It costs a lot of time and money to finish all the measurement, which really retards the development of the biomass industry. This study is supposed to immediately predict the proximate analysis parameters, ultimate analysis parameters and heat value of sixty-five bio-char using NIRS. The results show the fuel characteristics of the bio-char vary in a very big range. The NIRS models can predict the VM, FC, ash, HHV, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen contents of the bio-char accurately. The Rc and Rcv2 value are all bigger than 0.92 and the RPD are bigger than 3.59. The NIRS models can also tell the high or low content of moisture and nitrogen. Only for the sulphur, more work need to do to improve the accuracy of the NIRS models. Predicting the fuel characteristic of the bio-char only by scanning the NIR spectrum, which costs only 10 seconds, will really be helpful for the biomass industry.
Design and analysis of five probe flow analyser for subsonic and supersonic wind tunnel calibration
Authors: Rupesh Akhila , Muruga Lal Jeyan J V , Uthaman Sanas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The flow angularity in a wind tunnel plays a major role in test section when testing models. The models are being tested at a mixture of flow velocity. Usually a subsonic wind tunnel is calibrated using a normal Pitot tube and supersonic wind tunnels with high efficiency probes. The calibration of a wind tunnel includes determining the Mach number range ad pressure range throughout the test section of the flow throughout the pattern of operating velocity. In the analysis it is noted that the sensitivities of the calibrating instruments are maximum when it is either cone or wedge shaped. When the wedge or cone angles are maximum, more accurate results are also obtained, but it’s not possible to have a maximum angle cone or wedge because of the detached wave and tunnel blockage factors. Hence in order to overcome this difficulties in measurement, a five probe flow analyzer has been designed. The five probe flow analyzer is used to determine the wind tunnel test section parameters like flow angularity, Pitot pressures, static pressures, wave angles, and the presence of test section noise. Over to these parameter, the stagnation states can also be determined using this analyzer. The proposed model is designed by getting optimum solutions from previous analysis and the existing data by considering all the aerodynamic and mechanical loading. This instrument designed is to be tested experimentally after carrying two and three dimensional computational analysis for Mach number ranging from 0.5 of 3. Also it is designed to fit successfully for 0.3m and 0.6m test section wind tunnel to obtain reasonably merging solution with theoretical and experimental results.
Design of the thrust chamber: dimensional analysis of the combustion chamber and the nozzle of rocket engine using LOX/LCH4 propellants
Authors: Houhou Hatem , Layachi Hemza , Boudjemai Abd Elmajid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a preliminary dimensional study of small thrust chamber using LOX/LCH4 as propellants. In this study, the mixture ratio of the propellants, the temperature and the pressure at the combustion chamber are used to determinate the geometric parameters of the nozzle and the combustion chamber such as the volume, surfaces, lengths, diameters, etc. our work is based on the most important required output of the propulsion engine which is the thrust force. The results of our work provides the flow areas at the exit of the nozzle and at the throat for different values of the thrust force (10-20-30 KN) and different mixture ratio of the propellants (2.7-2.8-2.9). Moreover, the volume of the combustion chamber is calculated for different proposed characteristic length (80-160-240 cm). Our results offer decisive guidelines for the design of these key parts of the thrust chamber which is required for the design of the whole rocket engine as future work.
Metamorphic tensegrity structure for pipe inspection
Authors: Tantaworrasilp Apicit , Richardson Robert C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new concept of metamorphic tensegrity structure for pipe inspection. A new structural deformation technique is developed that can be employed to design a non-complex and lightweight robot or vehicle. This concept is to deform the cross-shaped tensegrity structure by using the cooperation of prismatic actuators (PAs) and passive joints with locking mechanisms called restrictor mechanisms (RMs). Two control levels are designed to control the structural deformation: A high-level controller for motion patterns and low-level controllers to locally control the PA lengths and restrict the cable lengths of four RMs. Experiments show that the proposed deformation technique can deform the shape and size of the tensegrity structures with the aim of creating a new generation of pipe inspection robots.
Nonlinear control method of electro-hydraulic system driving Two-DOF robot arm with output constraint
Authors: Guo Qing , Liu Yili , Jiang Dan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper studies tracking control problem for a certain parameter electro-hydraulic system(EHS) to constrain the output cylinder position in prescribed performance. In the control design, a backstepping controller is adopted to guarantee the system stability and the dynamic tracking performance. The dynamic surface control (DSC) is used to eliminate the complexity explosion of virtual control repeatedly derivatives to make the controller and parameter design simple. A barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is employed in the process of control design to avert the contravention of the time-varying output constraints. The comparative simulation results are given to demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Furthermore the smooth dynamic surface is obtained to guarantee the sufficient stable margin of EHS.
Data processing method in a context-aware system to provide intelligent robot services based on big-data
Authors: Cho Yongseong , Mun Jonghyeok , Park Yoosang , Choi Jongsun , Choi Jaeyoung , Cho Yongyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to recognize the situation and to provide robot services based on big data, it is necessary to implement a machine learning model capable of analyzing big data and a method for providing this data to the analysis model for learning. Previous researches have focused on the implementation of various data analysis models to analyze the collected big data. However, in these researches, it is difficult to recognize the new data which is not learned by the analysis model, and further research is needed to solve it. In this paper, we propose a data processing method to provide context-aware information in context-aware system based on big data to provide intelligent robot services. The proposed data processing method can convert the data generated in the domain in which the robot is running to learn data of the machine learning model and provide it, thereby continuously improving the accuracy of the machine learning model. In the experiment, the context-aware information is provided through the prototype of the context-aware system with the proposed method.