bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Short Acting Mydriatics on Intraocular Lens power Measurement Using IOLMaster® Biometry
Authors: Fata A F , Elebiary H H , Elewa L S , Elbayomi A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamics affecting IOL power calculations and the effect of pupillary dilation on these dynamics.

Patients and Methods
Thirty eyes of cataract patients who visited Embaba ophthalmic hospital outpatient clinic were included in this study. Patients with past history of ocular trauma, ocular surgeries, corneal opacities, Ocular pathology like glaucoma, uveitis, retinal disease or any systemic disease were excluded from this study. Our candidates were subjected to full ophthalmological examination including VA, slit lamb biomicroscopy, BCVA, applanation tonometry, fundus examination and IOL power measurement using IOL Master 700 before and after pupillary dilatation using 1 % tropicamide eye drops.

Results
Our study revealed that dilatation does not affect the Holladay 2 calculated IOL power and we found that AL and keratometric biometry (K1, K2) were not affected by dilatation (p-value was 0.584, 0.804, 0.436, respectively); however, the ACD was significantly increased post-dilatation (with mean difference 0.056; P-value &lt; 0.05), that may be because the lens and iris plane move backward on dilatation.

Conclusion
This study revealed that biometric measurements as axial length (AL), K1 and K2 were not affected by pupillary dilatation. While ACD was significantly affected with p value 0=024. Although anterior chamber depth (ACD) was affected it did not affect IOL power. Which means that IOL power measured with dilatation is reliable and it can be used to decide IOL used in cataract surgery.
The Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Corneal Topography
Authors: Welson N M , Samy M M M , Gaafar A A , Badran T A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography by comparing wave front analysis before and one month after the surgical treatment.

Methodology
Fifty eyes of forty-one patients were included in this study. Twenty five male and sixteen female patients seeking pterygium surgery were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department Outpatient Clinic in Sohag Teaching Hospital during the period from July 2017 to May 2018. All eyes underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft.

Results
In this study we found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity from 0.44±0.21SD preoperatively to 0.62±0.18SD postoperatively (p &lt; 0.001) and a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity as it was decreased from 0.43±0.28 SD preoperatively to 0.34±0.23 SD postoperatively (p &lt; 0.001). Also, there was a highly statistically significant improvement in mean of manifest refractive astigmatism from -4.08±3.28 SD preoperatively to -1.46±1.40 SD postoperatively (p &lt; 0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean cycloplegic astigmatism from -4.00±3.01 SD preoperatively to -1.39±1.33 SD postoperatively (p &lt; 0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean topographic astigmatism from -5.17±4.08 SD preoperatively to -2.20±2.31 SD postoperatively (p &lt; 0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean of ISV (Index of Surface Variance) from 76.22±36.86 SD preoperatively to 33.56±15.02 SD post operatively (p &lt; 0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean IHD (Index of Height Decentration) from 0.042±0.027SD pre-operatively to 0.023±0.036 SD post operatively.

Conclusion
There was a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity and a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity. A highly statistically significant improvement in both refractive and topographic astigmatism after one month of the surgery was noted also. Here were also a highly statistically significant improvement in ISV and IHD that indicate improvement after pterygium removal.

Recommendations
Patient with pterygium that inducing astigmatism will benefit from surgical removal of the pterygium.
Anterior Chamber OCT Changes Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Elmowafy N M I , Elfiky M M , Rashed H O , Alrialy R M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is performed for a wide spectrum of corneal disorders. Glaucoma due to pupillary block or synechial angle closure or aqueous misdirection is a major complication after keratoplasty. Peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) is recognized as one of the risk factors for graft rejection and may occasionally cause intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, it is important to evaluate anterior chamber (AC) angle in eyes after PKP

Aim of the Work
to document OCT changes in the anterior chamber angle after PKP for different pathologies.

Patients and Methods
this prospective non-randomized study included 10 eyes of 10 patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for a variety of indications. The patients age ranged from 20 to 60 years.

Results
the mean postoperative IOP was higher (15.4 ± 4.03 mmHg) than preoperative IOP (12.5 ± 2.46 mmHg), but this difference was not statistically significant [P value = 0.088]. The postoperative mean Temporal TISA was lower (0.24 ± 0.08 mm2) than preoperative Temporal TISA (0.3 ± 0.1 mm2). This difference was statistically significant [P value = 0.015]. The postoperative mean Nasal TISA was lower (0.26 ± 0.1 mm2) than preoperative Nasal TISA (0.34 ± 0.15 mm2). This difference was statistically significant [P value = 0.010]. The postoperative mean IOP in infectious keratitis was higher (16.14 ± 4.63 mmHg) than postoperative mean IOP in keratoconus (13.67 ± 1.53 mmHg), but this difference was not statistically significant [P value = 0.565].

Conclusion
there is an increase in IOP post PKP but the difference was not statistically significant. There is narrowing in angle post PKP. The difference was statistically significant in temporal and nasal angles but not statistically significant in superior and inferior angles. The mean IOP was higher in infectious keratitis than keratoconus but the difference was not statistically significant. There is no correlation between corneal diameter and the changes in IOP and angle measurements.
Systematic review of Surgical Management of Early Stages of Kienböck’s Disease
Authors: Abouelela A A K H , Nabil A , Lami M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Kienbock’s disease, or avascular necrosis of the lunate, is a rare debilitating condition that can lead to chronic pain and dysfunction in the wrist. It is classified into four stages according to lichtman staging. Different modalities of surgical treatment are proposed for early stages in which no carpal collapse is found. These modalities include radius core decompression, joint leveling procedures and vascularized bone graft.

Objective
To conduct a systematic review comparing the different surgical modalities in management of early stages of kienbock’s disease.

Methodology
The search was conducted by using the databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane library and JBJS {Journal of bone and joint Surgery} and PubMed. Data was independently extracted by two reviewers and crosschecked. Outcome measures included improvement of pain, range of motion, hand grip and postoperative complications.

Results
This systematic review included 11 paper of which 3 papers about core decompression, 7 about different joint leveling procedures and only one paper about vascularized bone graft. Core decompression papers included 41 patients most of them reported good improvement in the VAS score postoperatively. Joint leveling papers included 108 patients and reported mild improvement in range of motion and grip strength but complications like residual ulnar-sided wrist pain and carpal collapse were reported postoperatively. Vascularized bone graft paper included 13 patient of mean age 39 years and reported good improvement in grip strength, range of motion but mild improvement in VAS score.

Conclusion
Till now literature has no strong evidence to support that one of Core decompression, joint leveling procedures or lunate vascularized bone graft is superior in management of early stages of kienbock’s disease.
The Modified Dunn Procedure for Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hassan T , Abdelmaguid T , Ahmed Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Source of Support
None,

Conflict of Interest
None.

Background
The management of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis is controversial and evolving as insight into the condition develops. Almost half of patients with unstable slip developed femoral head osteonecrosis. The modified Dunn procedure through safe surgical hip dislocation has rapidly gained popularity as a treatment for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis. In this review we analyzed the results and complications following this procedure.

Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 297 consecutive patients (302 hips) who had undergone the modified Dunn procedure through safe surgical hip dislocation from Feb 2009 to Feb 2017. Patients were169 males and 128 females, between the age group of 7 to 18 years (mean age 12.66 years) and BMI ranged from 14.7 to 42.1 Kg/m2 (mean BMI 26.32 Kg/m2). The duration of symptoms among the studied group ranged from 2 to 360 days with mean 84.75days. Regarding site and severity 57% had lesions in left side, 40.9% had lesions in right side, 2.1% had bilateral lesions and 58% had severe lesions. The duration of operation among the studied group ranged from 75 to 162 min with mean 128.19 min. Regarding time of operation 61.1% had operation after more than 24 h from admission. All the patients were assessed with slip angle degree, Harris hip score, alpha angle, flexion degree, internal rotation, external rotation and neck shaft angle.

Results
At the mean follow up of 26.3 months (range 12 months to 4.5 years), the mean slip angle improved from a preoperative Value10 to 80 degree with mean 55.6 degree and after operation it ranged from 0 to 28 degree with mean 6.7 degree with mean reduction 48.9 degree, the Harris hip score among the studied group after operation ranged from 46 to 100% with mean 90.98%, regarding post-operative range of motion alpha angle ranged from 23.6 to 52.8 degree with mean 44.3 degree, flexion ranged from 80 to 120 degree with mean 105.84 degree, internal rotation ranged from 5 to 60 degree with mean 30.08 degree and external rotation ranged from 10 to 60 degree with mean 42.3 degree and finally neck shaft angle ranged from 128 to 164 degree with mean 137.2 degree.

Conclusion
Unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis is associated with a high rate of avascular necrosis. Etiology of the AVN is not completely known and likely multifactorial. The modified Dunn osteotomy through Ganz surgical hip dislocation is the treatment of choice for those with moderate and severe unstable SCFE, allowing anatomical restoration of proximal femur, direct inspection, and preservation of physeal blood supply and inspection of intra-articular pathology which can be evaluated and treated at the time of operation.
Ilizarov versus internal fixation in management of complex tibial plateau fracture. Which is better?
Authors: Fayed M M , Elgebeily M A , Elkersh M A , Eisa M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Back ground
In this prospective randomized clinical study, we report results of management of complex tibial plateau fracture shatzker five and sex (type 41C) by Ilizarov external fixator in comparison with internal fixation according to three column classification with average follow up 18 months

Patients and Methods
In this study we managed 40 cases with complex tibial plateau fracture shatzker five and sex (type 41c). Twenty cases were surgically managed by Ilizarov technique and the other twenty cases were surgically managed by double internal fixation. We compare between both group as regard clinical, radiological results and rate of complications.

Results
while using Knee society score, the results are the following Regarding ilizarov group the range of knee society score is 31-90 with Mean±SD 76.05±14.86 (11 excellent, 4 good, 3fair, 2 poor) while group with internal fixation the range of knee society score is 44-93 with Mean±SD 73.95±13.38 (8 excellent, 5 good, 3 fair, 4 poor).According to these results; p value is 0.641 with no significant difference between two groups.

Conclusion
ilizarov is superior when compared with internal fixation as by ilizarov we can achieve more biological fixation especially when there highly comminuted fractures Complications rate was higher in internal fixation group (7cases) while external fixation group complications were presented in (3 cases).
Arthrodiastasis in the Management of Perthes’ Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fahmy H , Alkersh M , Ibrahim Y H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
This systematic review explores the relevant literature to assess the efficacy of the use of arthrodiastasis in the management of Perthes disease. Until this moment, arthrodiastasis is not well established for its use in Perthes disease as opposed to other containment procedures. Furthermore, there are no clear indications for its use in this disease.

Methodology
12 articles were matched to the inclusion criteria and all articles were reviewed and radiological and clinical data was collected and compiled.

Results
a significant increase in postoperative range of motion compared to the preoperative ones was found. Final Stullberg classification was ascertained showing majority of patients ending with stages two and three. Complications were also assessed with majority of them being superficial pin tract infections.

Conclusion
the use of arthrodiastasis is a valid treatment option for Perthes disease however more articles need to be produced showing comparative data of arthrodiastasis versus other containment procedures.
Index Terms- Arthrodiastasis, Perthes’ Disease, LCPD, Hinged Distraction the preservation of an intact and congruent femoral head. It is proposed that by applying distraction early in the disease, before any significant collapse of the femoral head had occurred, further fragmentation would be halted.[3]Articulated hip distraction maintains the proper head position by containment in abduction, extension, and neutral rotation. It also decreases joint pressure and thus decreases the deforming force and provides a good environment for cartilage repair. The femoral head deformity that develops in Perthes’ disease is believed to occur during this fragmentation phase of the disease. The possibility for joint motion allows for articular cartilage nutrition and the molding effect of the acetabulum. The aim of the articulated distraction method is to neutralize muscle and weight-bearing forces, to prevent stress fractures of subchondral immature bone, and to encourage synovial circulation and promote creeping substitution by breaking the ‘vicious circle’ of necrosis.[4]
Extramedullary versus Intramedullary bone fixation Treatment of peritrochanteric fractures
Authors: Farag O M E , Mohasseb A M , Hefny A M M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In the last few decades the rate of peritrochanteric fractures has increased because of increased rate of high velocity trauma accident and bone rarefaction due to osteoporosis in old age. DHS and PFN are the gold standard treatments used in treatment of these fractures. Nineteen studies were identified for analysis from 2007 to 2017 that meet our points of comparison.

Aim of the Work
Assessing of efficacy and complications of treatmeant of preitrochantric fracture by DHS versus PFN.

Materials and Methods
Outcomes from included trials will be combined using the systematic review manger software and manually screened for eligibility to be included. PRISMA flowchart will be produced based on the search results and the inclusion /exclusion criteria. After pooling of the collected data from the desired search studies, the relative risk of each of intended outcome measures of interest will be calculated and compared between each of the two main methods of peritrochanteric bone fixation treatment to reach a satisfactory conclusion. Evidence of publication bias will be sought using the funnel plot method.

Results
PFN is better for treating unstable peritrochanteric fractures as it has less complications and better efficacy than DHS.

Conclusion
The present study supports the treatment of peritrochanteric fractures with PFN, as it has less failure of fixation, decreased wound infection, less duration of surgery and less non-union complication than DHS.
Arthroscopic management of bursal sided rotator cuff tears, In situ repair vs conversion. A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Samy A , Khalil T , Khater A H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and Rational
Rotator cuff tears are a common source of pain and dysfunction in various groups of age and occupation. The tear can either be complete or partial thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs). PTRCTs involving &lt;50% of the thickness have been managed arthroscopically by debridement alone without acromioplasty. While massive PTRCTs involving more than 50% were repaired either arthroscopically by convergence to full thickness tears then tendon repair or in situ repair. There is no widely accepted technique in repairing Bursal sided PTRCTs. This study is to conduct a systematic review to compare the results of two of the most commonly used surgeries for management of bursal side rotator cuff tears, repair in situ vs tear completion then repair, as the search for the optimal surgery is crucial to improve long term outcomes, decrease side effects and costs and enhance patient quality of life.

Methodology
The search was conducted using the databases Medline, PubMed, Medscape, Cochrane library, using the following keywords: “partial rotator cuff tears”, “ bursal sided tears”, “in situ” “convergence” and “arthroscopic management” for published studies from 1990 to 2018.

Results
Our search included 11 studies, 5 tear completion, 4 repair in situ and 2 were comparative of both techniques. Studies showed insignificant difference in clinical outcomes between both surgical procedures, both repair in situ and tear completion techniques produce good results in rotator cuff tears techniques thus both remain in their places in management of bursal side rotator cuff tears.

Conclusion
Both in situ and tear completion techniques remain in their places in management of bursal side rotator cuff tears. We suggest that the final consensus should be postponed until further studies are the future, systematic reviews & comparative studies with longer term follow up period are needed to evaluate and guide for the best arthroscopic management of bursal side rotator cuff tears.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: Applications in Parasitology
Authors: Khalifa K E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology is adapted from the bacterial immune system and has rapidly revolutionized the editing of many genomes. This system is based on two components: an RNA-guided endonuclease, classically the Cas9 protein, and an RNA molecule that guides (gRNA) the nuclease to a complementary locus in the target DNA. The technique has allowed researchers to do gene knock-out, knock-in, insertions and deletions in cell lines and animals in rapid efficient way. The technique has many applications in the study of genes function, gene drive, cancer research, development of disease models and new therapeutic targets and crops enhancement.
In the field of parasitology, using CRISPR/Cas9, significant advancements have been made in genome editing of Plasmodium spp, Leishmania, Typanosoma cruzi, and Toxoplasma gondii, as well as vectors like the mosquito, water flea and ticks.
The aim of the talk is to present the basics of CRISPR/Cas9 and summarize some of its applications in the field of parasitology
The diagnostic Value of Cadherin 17 & CDX2 Expression as Immunohistochemical Markers in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abouelkhair M B , Mabrouk S H , Zaki S S A , Nada O H , Hakim S A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background & Objective
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In Egypt, it is the seventh commonest cancer representing 3.47% of male cancers and 3% of female cancers. Although the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is straight forward in primary site, yet it may represent a diagnostic problem in metastatic tumour of unknown primary origin. Pathologists are often called upon to suggest a site of origin in patients with metastasis of an unapparent primary tumour site. This is because some specific tumour types may respond well to targeted molecular therapies. Most tumours of unknown primary site are evaluated with immunohistochemical analysis in combination with morphologic assessment and correlation with clinical data. Therefore, establishment of reliable diagnostic markers that confirm or rule out colorectal origin are mandatory especially in adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site which is one of the most clinical problems. The aim of this work is to study the expression of Cadherin 17 & CDX2 in colorectal carcinoma to evaluate their roles when metastatic colorectal carcinoma is suspected in cancer of unknown primary site.

Material & Methods
This retrospective study included (65) cases of adenocarcinomas: 35 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma (whether primary or metastatic) and 30 cases of non colorectal adenocarcinoma from other different sites. Our cases were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Ain-Shams University Specialized Hospital during the period from (2010 to 2015). Immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal cadherin 17 & CDX2 antibodies.

Results
The sensitivity of CDX2 and cadherin 17 were 97.1% and 100% respectively in detecting colonic adenocarcinoma. The specificity of CDX2 was 53.3% while cadherin 17 showed a specificity of 50%. The PPV, NPV and overall accuracy of CDX2 versus cadherin 17 were 70.8%, 94.1% and 76.9% versus 70%, 100% and 76.9% respectively.

Conclusion
Cadherin 17 is a more sensitive marker than CDX2 in diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary site especially when colorectal carcinoma is suspected.