bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Pollutants and Hospital Visits for Pneumonia: A Case-crossover Study in Qingdao, China.
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Ren Dunqiang , Cao Xue , Wang Tao , Geng Xue , Li Xin , Tang Jinglong , Leng Shuguang , Wang Hongmei , Zheng Yuxin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the significance of the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression were used to calculate these materials. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the younger child. The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.2-7.2%) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusion: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. Particulate matter might the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.
Reflecting on the first two COVID-19 deaths in Uganda: a public health case study
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Sserwanja Quraish , Obore Nathan , Wang Johnson , Lau Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: COVID-19 being a rapidly evolving pandemic, early lessons from the first deaths must be learnt to help feed into the public health guidelines. This study, therefore, aims to present the first two deaths due to COVID-19 in Uganda and their public health relevance.Cases: The first case was a 34-year female and support staff at a health center II. She first presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 21st July 2020. The second case was an 80 years old female, who also presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 24th July 2020. The postmortem samples of both cases were confirmed positive for COVID-19. Conclusion: This study identifies a need for timely identification and testing of COVID-19 suspects, strengthening of health center capacity, as well as more awareness for effective prevention and control of COVID-19.
Mid-long term results of total knee arthroplasty followed by ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty subsequent to ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Zunhan , Zeng Wei-Nan , Luo Zhenyu , Zhao Enze , Li Hao , Zhou Zongke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) altered the mechanical axis and loading distribution of the lower extremity. The effect of a prior THA on clinical outcomes of a subsequent ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unknown.
Methods

We reviewed 83 patients who underwent ipsilateral THA and TKA for rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis between January 2008 and April 2014. Forty-seven patients were classified as TKA followed by ipsilateral THA (THA-TKA group) and 36 as THA subsequent to ipsilateral TKA (TKA-THA group). Twenty-eight patients (30 hips and knees) were selected for each group after the propensity score was matched with preoperative demographics and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA). Clinical measurements, radiographic evaluations, and complication data were compared between 2 groups.
Results

Both groups had a significant improvement in modified Harris Hip Scores (HHS), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Short Form-12 at final follow-up compared to baseline (p < .001). The clinical parameters were actually lower in THA-TKA group. However, those differences were not significant (p > .05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in postoperative radiographic axial alignment and implant survivorship (90.0% vs 96.7%, p = .305). The rate of complication was also similar in both groups.
Conclusions

A prior THA does not appear to influence clinical outcome of a subsequent ipsilateral TKA. Patients with different sequence of ipsilateral THA and TKA have similar mid-long term clinical outcomes and implant survivorship.
Trial registration:

The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000035147) dated 2rd August 2020.
Comparative analysis of clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out between intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography and postoperative computed tomography
Authors: Sumiya Satoshi , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Kurosa Yoshiro , Hirai Takashi , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
No studies to date have elucidated the clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of pedicle screw pull-out by comparing intraoperative scans obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with scans acquired postoperatively using computed tomography (CT). We also sought to determine the incidence of pedicle screw pull-out and identify relevant risk factors.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 636 pedicle screws placed in 66 consecutive patients who underwent at least triple-level posterior fixation of the thoracic or lumbar spine between April 2014 and March 2020. Pedicle screw pull-out distance in the axial and sagittal planes was compared between CT scans obtained 2 days postoperatively and CBCT images acquired intraoperatively. The risk factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Pedicle screw pull-out was seen with 17 pedicle screws (2.7%) in 13 (19.7%) patients. There were significant differences in age, number of fused segments, frequency of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), presence of osteoporosis, and advanced elderly medical service system insurance for pedicle screw pull-out. Risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out were older age (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.272) and a diagnosis of DISH (odds ratio 6.10, 95% confidence interval, 1.23–30.20).
Conclusions
Several cases of intraoperative pedicle screw pull-out may be caused by use of connecting rods. Older age and DISH are risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out.
Tige Cycline Successfully Treats One Case of Relapsed Leukemia-drug-resistant Double Sepsis
Authors: Jie Huang , Han Li Xiao , Fan Fei Xiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Nowadays, tigecycline is often used in combination with other antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first documented use tigecycline alone for drug-resistant double sepsis in a patient suffering from leukemia.. The aim of this study is to reduce unnecessary drug combinations associated with tigecycline and use antibiotics reasonably.
Methods

The patient was a relapsed patient with advanced acute leukemia, with severe perianal infection and neutrophil deficiency. At the same time, blood culture suggested Acinetobacter luffi (Imipenem resistance) and Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin resistance). The doctor has no other choice according to drug susceptibility results. Tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used .
Results

the patient's temperature gradually became normal, blood pressure was stable, blood in the stool stopped, perianal swelling subsided, pain was reduced, and infection improved.
Conclusion

generally speaking, tigecycline is a bacteriostatic agent; doctors are used to a combination of Tigecycline and other antibiotics in fighting infections.In this case, the patient's immunity is low.Tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used to achieve the effect of curing double sepsis experience.This helps in the rational use of antibiotics.
Extracellular GAPDH promotes Alzheimer disease progression by enhancing amyloid-β aggregation and cytotoxicity
Authors: Lazarev Vladimir F. , Tsolaki Magda , Mikhaylova Elena R. , Benken Konstantin A. , Shevtsov Maxim A. , Nikotina Alina D. , Lechpammer Mirna , Mitkevich Vladimir A. , Makarov Alexander A. , Kozin Sergey A. , Margulis Boris A. , Guzhova Irina V , Nudler Evgeny 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Neuronal cell death during Alzheimer disease (AD) causes the release of cytosolic proteins, particularly glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which forms highly cytotoxic detergent-insoluble complexes with amyloid-β (Aβ) and promotes neurodegeneration.

Methods

We detected and quantified the complex formation between Aβ and GAPDH released from brain tissue of patients with AD using ultrafiltration, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). To explore the biochemical and structural features of Aβ-GAPDH complexes we employed novel immunoenzyme assays and atomic force microscopy. Lentiviral infection in situ was used to elevate GAPDH in brain tissue of rat and mouse models of AD. The Morris maize water test, MRI, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-activity assays were used to characterize the effects of Aβ-GAPDH complexes in animal and cellular models of AD.

Results

Here we report that GAPDH forms stable aggregates with extracellular Aβ. We detected these aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients at levels directly proportional to the progressive stages of AD. We found that GAPDH forms a covalent bond with Q15 of Aβ that is mediated by transglutaminase (tTG). The Q15A substitution weakens the interaction between Aβ and GAPDH and reduces Aβ-GAPDH cytotoxicity. Lentivirus-driven GAPDH overexpression in two AD animal models increased the level of apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, in vivo knockdown of GAPDH reversed these pathogenic abnormalities suggesting a pivotal role of GAPDH in Aβ-stimulated neurodegeneration. CSF obtained from animals with enhanced GAPDH expression demonstrated increased cytotoxicity in vitro . Furthermore, RX-624, a specific GAPDH small molecular ligand reduced accumulation of Aβ aggregates and reversed memory deficit in AD transgenic mice.

Conclusions

Extracellular GAPDH compromises Aβ clearance and accelerates neurodegeneration, thus representing a promising pharmacological target for AD.
Rationale and Study Design of an Early Care, Therapeutic Education, and Psychological Intervention for the Management of Post-intensive Care Syndrome and Chronic Pain After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (PAIN-COVID): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ojeda Antonio , Calvo Andrea , Cuñat Tomas , Artigas Ricard Mellado , Comino-Trinidad Oscar , Aliaga Jorge , Arias Marilyn , Ahuir Maribel , Ferrando Carlos , Dürsteler Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease are an especially susceptible population to develop Post-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients can suffer acute severe pain and may have long-term deterioration in mental, cognitive, and functional health after discharge. However, few controlled trials are evaluating interventions for the prevention and treatment of PICS. The study hypothesis is that a specific care program based on early therapeutic education and a psychological intervention improves the quality of life of patients at risk of developing PICS and chronic pain after COVID-19 disease. The primary objective is to determine if the program is superior to standard-of-care on health-related life quality at six months after hospital discharge. The secondary objectives are to determine if the intervention is superior to standard care, evaluating the health-related life quality, the incidence of chronic pain and the degree of functional limitation, the incidence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress syndrome at 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge.Methods: The PAINCOVID trial is a unicentric randomized, controlled, patient blinded superiority trial with two parallel groups. The primary endpoint is the health-related quality of life at six months after hospital discharge, and randomization will be performed with a 1:1 allocation. This paper details the methodology and statistical analysis plan of the trial and was submitted before outcome data were available.Discussion: This the first randomized clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of an early care therapeutic education, and psychological intervention for the management of PICS and Chronic Pain after COVID-19. The intervention will serve as a sample of the need to implement early care programs on early stages, having an incalculable impact given the current scenario of the pandemic.Trial registration: This study is being in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (approval number: HCB/2020/0549) and was registered on May 9, 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04394169).
The Regional Diversity of Gut Microbiome Along the GI Tract
Authors: Lkhagv Enkhchimeg , Chung Hea-Jong , Hong Jinny , Tang Wai Hong Wilson , Lee Sang-Il , Hong Seong-Tshool , Lee Seungkoo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The proliferation and survival of microbial organisms including intestinal microbes are determined by their surrounding environments. Contrary to popular myth, the nutritional and chemical compositions, water contents, O2 contents, temperatures, and pH in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of human are very different in a location-specific manner, implying heterogeneity of the microbial composition in a location specific manner.Results: We first investigated the environmental conditions at 6 different locations along the along the GI tract and feces of ten weeks’ old male SPF C57BL/6 mice. As previously known, the pH and water contents of the GI contents at the different location of the GI tract were very different from each other in a location-specific manner, and none of which were not even similar to those of feces. After confirming the heterogeneous nature of the GI contents in specific location and feces, we thoroughly analyzed the composition of microbiome of the GI contents and feces. Metagenome sequencing on the GI contents and feces showed presence of 13 different phyla. The abundance of Firmicutes gradually decreased from the stomach to feces while the abundance of Bacteroidetes gradually increased. The taxonomic α-diversities measured by ACE richness, Shannon diversity and Fisher’s alpha all indicated that the diversities of gut microbiota at colon and cecum were much higher than that of feces. The diversities of microbiome compositions were lowest in jejunum and ilium while highest in cecum and colon. Interestingly, the diversities of fecal microbiome were lower than those of cecum and colon. Beta diversity analyses by NMDS plots, PCA, and un-supervised hierarchical clustering all showed that the microbiome compositions were very diverse in location-specific manner. Direct comparison of the fecal microbiome with the microbiome of the whole GI tracts by α-and β-diversities showed that fecal microbiome did not represent the microbiome of the whole GI tractConclusion: The fecal microbiome is different from the whole microbiome of the GI tract, contrary to the baseline assumption in the large majority of contemporary microbiome research work.
Study on the Status of Health Literacy and its Relationship with Chronic Diseases in Poor Areas
Authors: Chen Xuejiao , Shi Songhe , Yang Liyong , Dong Qian , He Jingyang , Zhang Yulin , Tian Qing-Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims

We conducted an epidemiological survey of health literacy and chronic diseases among people in poverty-stricken areas in China to understand the current status of health literacy among poor individuals and the epidemic characteristics of chronic diseases.
Methods

In June 2018, multistage stratified random sampling was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey of 1,700 residents (response rate: 97.71%) in 7 national-level poverty-stricken counties in Henan Province, China. The questionnaire assessed social demographics, health literacy, health-related behaviours, and the status of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease). Structural equation models were used to examine the relationships among health literacy, health-related behaviours, and chronic diseases. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and Mplus 7.0.
Results

There were 69 people with sufficient health literacy in poverty-stricken areas, accounting for 4.15% of the total sample, with an average score of 31.95 ± 11.81 points. Individuals who were male, older, poorer, less educated and suffering from chronic diseases were less likely to have sufficient health literacy. A total of 574 patients had chronic diseases, accounting for 34.56% of the total sample. The health literacy score was related to the number of chronic diseases (β = 0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.033 ~ 0.049), while health literacy and health-related behaviour were indirectly related (β = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.003~ -0.001). Health-related behaviours mediated the relationship between health literacy and the number of chronic diseases.
Conclusions

It is possible to further increase the health literacy level of residents in poverty-stricken areas by increasing the promotion of health literacy knowledge and avoiding unhealthy behaviours, thereby reducing the incidence of chronic diseases and improving their health status.
Association between maternal mortality and caesarean section in Ethiopia: A national cross-sectional study
Authors: Bali Ayele Geleto , Chojenta Catherine , Taddele Tefera , Loxton Deborah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Several studies concluded that there is a reduction of maternal deaths with improved access to caesarean section, while other studies showed the existence of a direct association between the two variables. In Ethiopia, literature about the association between maternal mortality and caesarean section is scarce. This study was aimed to assess the association between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in hospitals in Ethiopia.
Methods

Analysis was done of a national maternal health dataset of 293 hospitals that accessed from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Hospital specific characteristics, maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates were described. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the direction of association between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rate, taking regions into consideration. Presence of a linear association between these variables was declared statistically significant at p-value < 0.05.
Results

The overall maternal mortality ratio in Ethiopian hospitals was 149 (95% CI: 136–162) per 100,000 live births. There was significant regional variation in maternal mortality ratios, ranging from 74 (95% CI: 51–104) per 100,000 live births in Tigray region to 548 (95% CI: 251-1,037) in Afar region. The average annual caesarean section rate in hospitals was 20.3% (95% CI: 20.2–20.5). The highest caesarean section rate of 38.5% (95% CI: 38.1–38.9) was observed in Addis Ababa, while the lowest rate of 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2–6.2) occurred in Somali region. At national level, a statistically non-significant inverse association was observed between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates. Similarly, unlike in other regions, there were inverse associations between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in Addis Ababa, Afar Oromia and Somali, although associations were not statistically significant.
Conclusions

At national level, a statistically non-significant inverse association was observed between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in hospitals, although there were regional variations. Additional studies with a stronger design should be conducted to assess the association between population-based maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Understanding of Probiotics Among Pediatricians in Different Regions of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed , Qurashi Mansour , Balkhair Abdullah , Alzahrani Ziyad , Alabbasi Abdullah , Alzahrani Muhanad , Alnahdi Wejdan , Shafei Sohaib , Bafaqih Malak , Khan Muhammad A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Many studies reported that knowledge and attitudes of health professionals have a medium level of knowledge of probiotics. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate knowledge and practice styles among pediatricians working in different regions of Saudi Arabia regarding probiotics.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Pediatric hospitals; central, western, eastern, northern, and southern regions, Saudi Arabia.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A survey of 550 pediatric providers (PPs) conducted and completed by pediatricians which included pediatric residents (PRs), pediatric specialist (PSs) and pediatric consultants (PCs) and pediatric gastroenterologists (PGs). They were asked anonymously about knowledge and practice of probiotics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluate knowledge and practice styles among pediatricians working in Saudi Arabia regarding probiotics.SAMPLE SIZE: 550 pediatric providers (PPs) in the cross-sectional analysis.RESULTS: A response rate of 82% yielded 452 questionnaires. Among respondents, 261 of 452 (57.7%) were aware of the definition of probiotics. There were significant differences in the percentage of participants who have little knowledge of probiotics (P<0.05), with a maximum in PRs and a minimum in PGs. The most common probiotic used by all participants was lactobacillus acidophilus (63.3%), and mycobacterium avium was the probiotic least often prescribed (8.6%). The majority of participants reported that probiotics were used to improve digestion and improve GI immunity, but there were no significant differences found between groups (P=0.298). The majority of PRs and PSs correctly reported that probiotics reduce the risk of antibiotic-induced diarrhea (74.9% and 80.2%) respectively, but there were no significant differences among them. Internet (50.0%) was the source of probiotics-related information to all pediatricians.LIMITATION: There may be some response bias—PPs who have a special interest in probiotics may have been more likely to respond to the survey.CONCLUSION: Significant differences in knowledge and practice patterns exist regarding probiotics. Identification of knowledge gaps may be useful to develop educational materials to improve proper definition, knowledge, and the use of probiotics.