bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destruction of bacteria using electric stimulation of old Duck and Chicken carcasses
Authors: Al-Hmedawy Noora K. , Al-Asadi Majid H. , Al-Hilphy Assad R. 
Published: December 2019

The effect of electric stimulation on some quantitative characters of aged ducks and layers chicken carcasses were the main objectives of the present study. Electric stimulation apparatus of meat tenderness was designed and manufactured at Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. A total of 36 Ducks and Layers chicken aged 1.5 years. Birds were slaughtered by hand, were defeathered, and all internal organs were removed. Carcasses were divided into three treatments with different electric stimulation. Control group (no electric stimulation). The second treatment (Electric conductivity 3.67 V/cm) was low voltage of 110 volt and 1% saline solution. The third treatment (7.33 V/cm) was 220V and 1% saline solution. All traits were measured at 25 min, 6 hrs. and 24 hrs. Carcasses stored by freezing for 30 and 60 days. The results showed that the number of proteolysis, lipolysis, Psychrophiles bacteria were affected by electric stimulation, the third treatment revealed the lower number of bacteria. Electric stimulation (especially 220 V) was significantly reduced the number of bacteria in both chicken and duck.
Effect of Emulsifying Petroleum Derivatives, Water Deficit Treatment and Emitters Discharge on Dry Weight, Grain yield and Water use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Hasan Wisam B. , Dheyab Ali H. , Sultan Nihad Sh. 
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted in Qurnah district, Basrah province on clay soil to study the effect of six treatments of emulsifying petroleum derivatives with irrigation water by using emulsifying agent adding directly to soil surface, gas oil with two ratios of 0.3% (g3) and 0.5% (g5) w/w of soil dry weight, two admixture treatments of fuel oil and gas oil (1:1) with two ratio 0.3%(go3) and 0.5% (go5), fuel oil 0.3% (o3) and control treatment 0% (c) without any addition. The effect of water deficit factor also studied with two levels 0.85 (w1) and 0.65 (w2) of available water by using drip irrigation with two emitters; low discharge 5 Lhr-1 (Ld) and high discharge 15Lhr-1(Hd). The results showed that all emulsified derivative conditioners significantly increased dry weight, grain yield and water use efficiency calculated for dry weight WUE (d) and grain WUE (g) of sunflower compared with control treatment, especially at g5 and go5 treatments which recorded the highest values. Soil capability for saving water and available water increased as a result of the addition of emulsified oil derivatives, which contributed to increase the interval time between irrigation periods and reduce the quantity of irrigation water with less value appearing at g5 and go5 under 65% water deficit treatment by using 15 Lhr-1 emitter discharge. Increasing emitter discharge from 5 to 15 L hr -1, and increasing irrigation deficit from 0.65 to 0.85 led to increasing all growth parameters, except water use efficiency.
Comparison Study between the Field Performance of a Movable Boards and Conventional Ditch Openers in Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils, Part 3: The Specific Resistance
Authors: Aday Shaker H. , Al-muthafar Yarub 
Published: December 2019

The field performance of movable boards ditch opener (MB) and conventional ditch opener (CD) was contrasted by using a specific resistance to determine the optimum performance of either one of them. The comparison was conducted using three operating depths (30, 40 and 50cm), three angles between the boards of MB (45, 60 and 750), one angle for CD (650) because its boards were fixed, three wings width of the foot of MB whereas, for CD, one share width (35cm) and two soil types (cultivated and uncultivated). CD could not penetrate the uncultivated soil more than 25cm so that there was one operating depth. The results of the experiments showed that SR for MB decreased as the operating depth, the angle between the boards and the width of the wings of the foot in both soil types were increased. Specific resistance (SR) for CD also decreased as the operating depth increased in the cultivated soil, but in the uncultivated soil, CD could not penetrate the soil more than 25cm. SR for MB was lower than that for CD for all operating depths, the angle between the boards, the width of the wings of the foot in both soil types. SR for MB and CD in the cultivated soil was low compared to uncultivated soil. The soil type decreased SR for MB more than the operating depth, the angle between its boards and the width of its wings. On the other hand, the angle between its boards reduced SR more than the width of the wings and the operating depth. MB surpassed CD in giving lower SR and that means the field performance of MB was higher than that for CD.
First Record of Six Myxosporean Species (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in Iraq from Gills of the Mugilid Fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah N. , Atwan Fatima K. 
Published: December 2019

Sampling of Planiliza abu specimens were done from July 2015 until the end of March 2016, a total of 118 specimens were collected weekly from Tigris River near Al-Graiat region in Baghdad province. The examination of gills of these fishes showed the occurrence of six myxosporean species which were documented for the first time in Iraq. These included: Myxobilatus baicalensis (Dogiel, 1957), Myxobolus bizerti Bahri & Marques, 1996, M. branchialis (Markevich, 1932), M. chuatsi (Dogiel &Akhmerov in Akhmerov, 1960), M. dermatobius (Ishii, 1916) and M. niei Shul'man, 1962. The description and measurements of these parasites were given as well as their illustrations.
Mechanical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films
Authors: Laith Safaa A. , Al-Hashimi Alaa G. 
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to extract cellulose and synthesis carboxymethyl cellulose from flour bran. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to confirm the existent of the carboxymethyl group. The sample edible films were prepared using 1, 2, 3, and 4 % CMC, and two types of plasticizers glycerol and sorbitol, (20, 40 and 60) %. Their qualitative, mechanical, reservation and thermal characteristics were studied. Tensile strength ranged 28-51.3 MPa and elongation percentage ranged between 65.5-91.0 %. The thickness of simple cellulose films were 0.018-0.078 mm. The values of solubility (19.05-36.31%) and the permeability values of simple cellulose film increased with the increasing of the plasticized ratio. The highest permeability was 11.99 g.mm/m2.h.kp at 60% glycerol and thermogravimetric analysis for some simple cellulose film plasticized by glycerol were 135, 146.29, 125 and123.23° C.
Fish Assemblage in the Euphrates River at Al-Samawa City, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Helli Ammar M.S. , Resen Amjad K. , Ali Atheer H. 
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted in the Euphrates river in Al-Samawa city at two stations during the period from October 2016 till September 2017. The first station (north station) was Al-Majd township (45°12'49.2"E, 31°22'14.9"N), and the second station (south station) was Al-Zaier region (45°20'21.4"E, 31°18'54.4"N). Some ecological factors were monthly recorded at the stations of the current study, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, the speed of water flow, BOD5 and total hardness. All factors except total hardness have not significant differences between two stations, The hardness in the north station showed higher (844-1475) mg.l-1 than south station (655-1250) mg.l-1. Fishes were collected by gill nets, cast net, hook and line, hand net and electro-fishing. A total of 4260 fish specimens were collected which belong to 24 species and 10 families, 17 species of them were native species whereas seven of them were alien species. The most abundant species was blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus constituted 26.84% of the total caught of a north station, The value of the dominance index (D3) in north station was 62.57%, while the most abundant species in south station was Prussian carp Carassius auratus constituted 27.14% of the total caught, The value of the dominance index (D3) in the south station was 56.42%.
Fish Assemblage of Ktiban creek the upper Reach of Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Hasan Kadhim H. , Resen Amjad K. 
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted at the Shatt Al-Arab River at Ktiban creek in three stations during the period from October 2017 to September 2018. The first station was in the Shatt Al-Arab near Al- Hartha power Station, the second and third stations were in the Ktiban creek. Samples were collected once a monthly. A total of 5106 fish were collected from the study, period included 24 species belong to 12 families, and consisted of eight marine species and 16 freshwater species (nine native and seven exotic species). Physical and chemical characteristics were measured during sampling period. water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, light penetration, salinity, current flow, total dissolve solid (TDS), nitrate, nitrite and phosphates The range of parameters in the Shatt Al-Arab were within their normal levels except salinity values and TDS (8.7 PSU and 8210 mg /l respectively). The values of the diversity index (H) were calculated in the study stations between 1.06 -1.87 and evenness index (j) ranged from 0.42 -0.83and richness index(D) between 1.00 -2.62.
Evaluation of Shatt Al-Arab River Using Organic Pollution Index
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Nada M. , Abdullah Abdulaziz M. , Sultan Entisar N. 
Published: December 2019

The current study has evaluated Shatt Al-Arab water using organic pollution index. The study included three stations, the first Al-Sharash, the second Al-Salhiya and the third area Al-Dweab. Water samples were monthly collected from December 2017 to November 2018. Five environmental parameters were used to calculate the organic pollution index (OPI) including Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Active nitrate (NO3), Ammonium ion (NH4) and Total Phosphate (TP). The highest biological oxygen demand was 9 mg.l-1 at Al-Sharash station in July and the lowest values 1mg.l-1 in the Al- Dweab station during December, January, February and April. The highest chemical oxygen demand (250 mg.l-1 was recorded at Al-Sharash station in September and the lowest value was 6.2 mg.l-1 in Al-Dweab station during December. Nitrates was recorded the highest value 41.51 mg nitrogen-nitrate.l-1 at Al-Salhiya station in May and lowest value 1.49 mg nitrogen- nitrate.l-1 at Al-Sharash station during December. The ammonium ion was recorded in highest value 7.7 mg.l-1 at Al- Salhiya station in December and the lowest value 0.5 mg. l-1 at Al-Sharash station during June, while phosphate value was 0.23 and 1.99 mg.l-1 were recorded at Al-Sharash station in August and July respectively. The highest value of organic pollution index was 2.56 at Al-Salihiya station in August and lowest value 0.69 in the Al-Dweab station in April, while the annual rate of organic pollution index for the first, second and third stations were 1.55, 1.81 and 1.47 respectively, and 1.61 for Shatt Al-Arab water.
A Cytotaxonomic study on Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Tai Sadeq S. Kareem , Al-Saadi Sahar A.A. Malik 
Published: December 2019

Chromosome count, karyotypic character analysis, meiotic studies, monoploid karyograms and ideograms were performed in six taxa of Minuartia growing in Iraq (M. hamata, M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, M. intermedia, M. meyeri, M. picta and M. hybrida subsp. turcica). Species of M. hamata and M. meyeri showed 2n=2x=30 chromosome number, while M. hybrida subsp. hybrida and M. intermedia were diploid (26). The chromosome number (n=x) of six species was studied, and was found to be n=15 in M. hamata and M. meyeri, 13 in M. hybrida and M. intermedia, while in M. picta we recorded values of n= 11 and 14. Karyotype analysis of this species was first carried out in our study. Analysis of metaphases showed that the karyotype formula was mainly metacentric, submetacentric, and sub acrocentric. The sizes of the chromosomes were mainly small and very small. The course of meiosis varied from normal to abnormal. Abnormal microsporogenesis formation of two bridge chromosomes was detected in M. hamata and one bridge chromosome in M. intermedia and M. meyeri. Formation of laggard’s chromosomes was detected in M. hamata, M. meyeri and M. intermedia. As well as ring chromosome was showed in M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, also, some cells contain triad cell in metaphase stage instead four cells, as well as founded cell, contains two nuclei in same species which led to reduced pollen fertility and differences in pollen grain size.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Imported Fishes
Authors: Abbas Marwa K. , Al-Habeeb Faroq M.K. , Yesser Abdulkareem T. Yesser T. 
Published: December 2019

Samples of frozen fish available in Kirkuk markets Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton), Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophtholmus (Sauvage). They collected for the period 1st May 2015o 30th January 2016 at weights average between 650-1250 g. The results showed many of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hydrocarbons compounds; Rainbow trout contained seven and nine of hydrocarbons compounds in the extracts of hexane and ethanol respectively, among them, there were five carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the ethanol extract and three in the hexane, their values ranged between 0.234-19.707 and 0.419-2.972 ng.g-1 dry weight respectively. Numbers of the hydrocarbons ranged between 4-6 in other fish species. This may due to the differences of nature of feeding among the fish species and the differences in their fat content. In Shad fish, the results have recorded one carcinogenic compound in the ethanol and five in the hexane, the concentration of Benzo (a) pyrene reached 24.23 ng.g-1 dry weight which is the most dangerous component among carcinogenic compound. Mackerel containsive compounds of hydrocarbons in the hexane; Four of them belong to the non-carcinogenic group and sixn ethanol, ive of them are non- carcinogenic. This study showed that differences in the numbers and concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the studied fish. This is due to several reasons such as occurrences of fish near to the sources of hydrocarbons pollution the nature of fish feeding and living.
Study of Antibacterial Activity of some Date Seed Extracts
Authors: Aljazy Nareman A.S. , Al-Mossawi Aum El-Basher H.J. , Al-Rikabi Ali K. 
Published: December 2019

Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.
The Effect of Thidiazuron on Callus and in vitro Shoots Development of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee
Authors: Al-Asadi Ahmed Z. , Abdulwahid Aqeel H. , Al-Mayahi Ahmed M.W. 
Published: December 2019

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees spread in southern Iraq, but because of many circumstances decreased their numbers significantly, the propagation of date palm by tissue culture was the best solution for re-preparation of the problem as it was previously, because propagation is accelerated. Summarizes the working paper in an attempt to find the optimal concentration of thidiazuran (TDZ) (0.0 , 0.5 and 1.0) mgl-1, in production of callus and regeneration of shoots, at different times of initial and callus culturing in medium budding. The results showed that the concentration of (0.5) mgl-1 was optimal in all traits under study.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.
Authors: El-Qatrani Nada A. 
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.) was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.
Scanning of Processed Food Contaminating Fungi and Determine the Potential Aflatoxigenic type
Authors: Benyan Layla A. , Alhaddad Azhar A. 
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in the plant protection dept., College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to investigate the food contaminated fungi in several food products involved potato chips, pasta, and popcorn to specify the potential aflatoxigenic species. Eight samples of food products were randomly collected from local market included two samples of pasta, 5 samples potato chips, and one sample of popcorn. The primary isolation was performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in 9 cm Petri dishes; the isolated fungi were purified then diagnosed morphologically. The isolation results revealed a presence of several species within three main fungal genera, which included, Penecillium sp., Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. alliaceus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus and A. sclerotiorum in prevalence percentages 43.75 ,35.00 , 18.75, 27.50, 5.64, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75 % respectively and frequency percentage 7.15, 2.60, 9.07, 10.69, 0.46, 1.28, 0.46, 1.00% respectively. A. flavus was obtained to examine its ability to produce Aflatoxin using ammonia vapor test. The results revealed that nine isolates of A. flavus showed a possible ability to produce Aflatoxin B1.
Effect of Endosulfan Pesticide on the Oxygen Consumption Rate of Three Species of Snails Collected from Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Al-Salman Aseel N. , Farid Wisam A.A. , Ali Wasan A. A. 
Published: December 2019

The present study has been achieved to estimate the acute toxicity effect of pesticide (endosulfan) (organochlorine) and its sublethal concentrations effect on the oxygen consuming rate of three various snails species (Melanoides tuberculata, Radix auricularia and Theodoxus jordani) collected from Shatt Al-Arab river along the region extended from Abu-Al-Khasib to Garmat-Ali during 2018. The 24 hr LC50 indicated that the M. tuberculata was more resistant, while R. auricularia and T. jordani were more effective to endosulfan and showed no difference. The study indicated that the employ of various species of snails, with their differing degree of sensitivity to the same toxicant, might be a useful tool in aquatic environmental toxicological investigations. The sublethal concentrations exposure (24 hr LC50) of pesticide had no considerable influence on the rates of oxygen consumption for each snail species. However, a decrease in the capability of snails to preserve respiratory independence through hypoxia was observed 24 hr after exposure to this dose.
ANALISIS PEMILIHAN SISWA UNTUK MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA PADA UNBK BERDASARKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Siregar Dedes Asriani , Nasution Febriani Hastini , Nasution Febriani Hastini , Siagian Mutiara 
Published: December 2019

Fisika merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari sains (IPA). Oleh sebab itu, karakteristik fisika pada dasarnya sama dengan karakteristik sains pada umumnya. Pada dasarnya fisika merupakan mata pelajaran yang cukup menarik untuk dipelajari karena di dalamnya dapat dipelajari gejala-gejala atau fenomena-fenomena dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pelaksanaan ujian nasional berbasis kompetensi (UNBK) menuntut siswa agar memilih mata pelajaran peminatan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyak siswa yang tidak memilih mata pelajaran fisika.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemilihan siswa untuk mata pelajaran fisika SMA pada UNBK berdasarkan metode pembelajaran fisika. Kualitatif deskriptif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan dilakukan di SMA Kota Padangsidimpuan pada tahun 2019 pada siswa kelas XII jurusan IPA di delapan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Padangsidimpuan.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai rata-rata metode pembelajaran fisika yang digunakan guru di delapan sekolah yaitu (1) SMA Negeri 1 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 70 pada kategori Baik, (2) SMA Negeri 2 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (3) SMA Negeri 3 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (4) SMA Negeri 4 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 69 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (5) SMA Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 71 pada kategori Baik, (6) SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (7) SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 64 pada kategori Cukup Baik dan (8) SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 67 pada kategori Cukup Baik. Maka metode pembelajaran fisika yang digunakan guru fisika sekota Padangsidimpuan bernilai 67 berada berada pada kategori Cukup Baik.