bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Shi Si , Liu Xiaohui , Xiao Jinling , Wang Hongwei , Chen Liyan , Li Jianing , Han Kaiyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate blood and biochemical laboratory findings in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and analyze the potential predictors of poor outcome in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThe clinical, laboratory, and outcome data of 87 patients with COVID‐19 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Only data collected at the time of admission were used in the analysis for predictors of poor outcome. These patients were divided into two groups: the adverse prognosis group (36 patients) and the non‐adverse prognosis group (51 patients). The adverse prognosis of COVID‐19 patients was defined as admission to the intensive care unit or death.ResultsOn the univariate analysis, age, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil counts, lymphocytes count, neutrophils‐to‐lymphocytes ratio (NLR), interleukin‐6, albumin‐to‐globulin ratio (AGR), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and blood glucose were found to be the significant predictors. On the multivariate analysis, the predictors of poor outcome of patients with COVID‐19 were NLR (OR = 2.741, [95% CI = 1.02 ~ 7.35],P = .045) and IL‐6 (OR = 1.405, [95% CI = 1.04 ~ 1.89,P = .025]). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the AUC of NLR, interleukin‐6, pneumonia severity index (PSI) score, and Confusion‐Urea‐Respiratory Rate‐Blood pressure‐65 (CURB‐65) score were 0.883, 0.852, 0.824, and 0.782, respectively.ConclusionHigh interleukin‐6 (6 pg/mL, cuff value) and NLR (4.48, cuff value) can be used to predict poor outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 on admission, thus can serve as a beneficial tool for timely identifying COVID‐19 patients prone to poor outcome and reduce patient mortality through early intervention.
DNMT1 deregulation of SOCS3 axis drives cardiac fibroblast activation in diabetic cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Tao Hui , Shi Peng , Zhao Xu‐Dong , Xuan Hai‐Yang , Gong Wen‐Hui , Ding Xuan‐Sheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is one of the main pathological manifestations of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiac fibroblast activation is a key effector of cells resulting in diabetic cardiac fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism of cardiac fibroblast activation and diabetic cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA methylation alterations play a central role in cardiac fibroblast activation. In this study, we demonstrated that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)‐mediated suppression of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) promoter hypermethylation leads to downregulation of SOCS3 expression in diabetic cardiac fibrosis. High glucose‐induced expression of DNMT1 was increased in cardiac fibroblasts, while the expression of SOCS3 was decreased. Downregulation of SOCS3 facilitated activation of STAT3 to promote cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of DNMT1 reversed the activated phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts. Clinically, we observed a significant inverse correlation between DNMT1 and SOCS3 expression levels, and loss of SOCS3 expression or increased expression of DNMT1. Taken together, these findings identify DNMT1 silencing of SOCS3 axis as a driver of cardiac fibroblast activation in diabetic cardiac fibrosis. These results provide a scientific and new explanation of the underlying mechanism of diabetic cardiac fibrosis.
Taxonomic implication of leaf epidermal anatomy of selected taxa of Scrophulariaceae from Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Fazal , Ayaz Asma , Saqib Saddam , Parmar Gaurav , Bahadur Saraj , Zaman Wajid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe family Scrophulariaceae consists of taxonomically complex genera and species. The delimitation of the taxa within this family is always challenging. In this paper, we studied leaf epidermis anatomical characteristics and its taxonomic significance of four species belonging to four genera of the family Scrophulariaceae collected from northern Pakistan. The species were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes (LM and SEM). Qualitative and quantitative foliar epidermal anatomical features were examined for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Qualitative characters like epidermal cell shape, epidermal cell cover, anticlinal wall, trichomes type, stomata type and stomata position were examined. Quantitative characters like the length and width of leaf epidermis, stomata, stomatal pore, subsidiary cell and trichomes for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were studied and measured. Stomatal index within the species and between the species was found to be different on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Diacytic stomata and glandular trichomes on epidermis were only found in Anticharis glandulosa while rest of the taxa has anomocytic type stomata and dendroid trichomes on both surfaces. Based on the micromorphological characters, we did principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis for the species delimitation and identification. A taxonomic key has been provided to delimit and identify the studied taxa based on foliar epidermal characters. The aim of the present research was to elucidate the micromorphological characters to distinguish the studied taxa for taxonomic purposes.
Synthesis of fused tetracyclic benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones derivatives containing thiadiazole/oxazolidine/triazole/triazinanone moieties
Authors: He Shengjie , Ma Junkai , Li Fei , Hu Yanggen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an attempt to design and synthesize new heterocycles with improved their biological properties, some of fused tetracyclic benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐ 4(3H)‐ones bearing 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, 1,2,4‐triazinanone, and oxazolidine systems have been prepared by the aza‐Wittig reactions from readily available starting material under mild conditions. The structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR, and elemental analysis.
SLAMF1 signaling induces Mycobacterium tuberculosis uptake leading to endolysosomal maturation in human macrophages
Authors: Barbero Angela María , Trotta Aldana , Genoula Melanie , Del Pino Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández , Estermann Martín Andrés , Celano Josefina , Fuentes Federico , García Verónica Edith , Balboa Luciana , Barrionuevo Paula , Pasquinelli Virginia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis dates back to ancient times but it is not a problem of the past. Each year, millions of people die from tuberculosis. After inhalation of infectious droplet nuclei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis reaches the lungs where it can manipulate the immune system and survive within host macrophages, establishing a persistent infection. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) is a self-ligand receptor that can internalize gram-negative bacteria and regulate macrophages’ phagosomal functions. In tuberculosis, SLAMF1 promotes Th1-protective responses. In this work, we studied the role of SLAMF1 on macrophages’ functions during M. tuberculosis infection. Our results showed that both M. tuberculosis and IFN-γ stimulation induce SLAMF1 expression in macrophages from healthy donor and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrcs-1 cells. Costimulation through SLAMF1 with an agonistic antibody resulted in an enhanced internalization of M. tuberculosis by macrophages. Interestingly, we found that SLAMF1 interacts with M. tuberculosis and colocalizes with the bacteria and with early and late endosomes/lysosomes markers (EEA1 and LAMP2), suggesting that SLAMF1 recognize M. tuberculosis and participate in the endolysosomal maturation process. Notably, increased levels of SLAMF1 were detected in CD14 cells from pleural effusions of tuberculosis patients, indicating that SLAMF1 might have an active function at the site of infection. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SLAMF1 improves the uptake of M. tuberculosis by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment and current clinical approaches to harness NK cell potential for immunotherapy
Authors: Devillier Raynier , Chrétien Anne-Sophie , Pagliardini Thomas , Salem Nassim , Blaise Didier , Olive Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells with inherent capabilities in both recognizing and killing cancer cells. NK cell phenotypes and functional alterations are being described with increasing precision among patients harboring various cancer types, emphasizing the critical role that NK cells play in antitumor immune responses. In addition, advances in understanding NK cell biology have improved our knowledge of such alterations, thereby expanding the potential exploitation of NK cells’ anticancer capabilities. In this review, we present an overview of (1) the various types of NK cell alterations that may contribute to immune evasion in cancer patients and (2) the various strategies to improve NK cell-based anticancer immunotherapies, including pharmacologic modulation and/or genetic modification.
Spillover effects of information leakages in buyer–supplier–supplier triads
Authors: Ried Leopold , Eckerd Stephanie , Kaufmann Lutz , Carter Craig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInformation leakages—the unauthorized sharing of an organization's information with another organization—are a growing concern in today's supply chains, but remain relatively underexplored. Drawing on attribution theory and observational learning, our research investigates inter‐organizational information leakages from a network perspective. We assess the spillover effects of opportunistic and inadvertent information leakages between an OFFENDER organization and a VICTIM organization on the relationship between the OFFENDER and a nonpartisan OBSERVER. We consider the roles of integrity‐ and ability‐based trust, as well as operational similarity between the organizations. We conducted scenario‐based experiments with 181 sales practitioners recruited via MTurk and supplemented those results with post hoc interviews. Our results show clear spillover effects: The OBSERVER's willingness to share information with the OFFENDER decreases significantly after any type of information leakage between the OFFENDER and the VICTIM, but more so for opportunistic leakages. Integrity‐based trust mediates the relationship between intentionality and information sharing willingness. We also find indications of an unexpected collateral damage effect in that to some extent, both trust dimensions decrease in both forms of information leakage. Further, for opportunistic information leakages, the OBSERVER's willingness to share information with the OFFENDER decreases more when OBSERVER and VICTIM are operationally similar.
Copper Chelants and Antioxidants in Laundry Detergent Formulations Reduce Formation of Malodor Molecules on Fabrics
Authors: Miracle Gregory S. , Randall Sherri L. , Liu Zaiyou , Brogden David W. , Ketcha Marcia M. , Good David A. , Johnson Mary B. , Stenger Patrick C. , Hertz Patricia R. , Meli Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor consumers who use laundry detergents, a top unmet need is to reduce malodor that can persist on fabrics, even after washing and drying. A known source of odor is autoxidation of residual sebum on fabric, leading to the generation of an array of odiferous compounds. To prevent this oxidation process, two technologies were evaluated: (i) antioxidants to scavenge radicals and (ii) metal chelants to inhibit the involvement of copper ions as catalysts in the autoxidation process. Copper is a common component of sweat, soil, and municipal water supplies, especially where copper piping is involved, which is typical in many US homes and businesses. For the evaluations, swatches of fabric were treated with artificial sebum, then washed in commercial washing machines with tap water containing laundry detergent, and dried using commercial dryers. Copper added to the wash at a level representative of consumer homes substantially increased the formation of known malodor molecules. Copper chelants [in particular, diethylenetriamine (DETA)] added to the wash were effective in inhibiting the formation of malodor molecules. In combination with antioxidants [in particular, methyl 3‐(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoate (MtBHPP)], the inhibitory effect was greater. Even at low concentrations (<1%), DETA and MtBHPP were effective at inhibiting the generation of known malodor molecules on fabrics. As DETA and MtBHPP meet performance, cost, and stability considerations, they hold promise for use in high‐quality commercial laundry detergent products designed to eliminate malodor on consumer fabrics.
Antioxidant Polymers via the Kabachnik‐Fields Reaction to Control Cellular Oxidative Stress
Authors: He Xianzhe , Liu Guoqiang , Tian Ye , Mao Tengfei , Wu Haibo , Wei Yen , Tao Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall molecular antioxidants are almost ineffective in regulating harmful oxidative stress in vivo because of their poor bioavailability. Polymer antioxidants are a promising alternative to address this issue, but their laborious synthetic routes limit their development. In this study, aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are used to synthesize a family of polymers containing different α‐aminophosphonate pendant groups via a facile one‐pot method that combines the Kabachnik–Fields (KF) reaction and free radical polymerization. The structure–property relationship study of these polymers reveals the KF moieties in polymer structures confer radical scavenging ability on polymers. The radical scavenging ability and cytotoxicity of these polymers are evaluated in a stepwise manner to identify a biocompatible polymer antioxidant that can effectively protect the cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. This is the first attempt to develop antioxidative polymers by the KF reaction. It highlights the feasibility of synthesizing new functional polymers using multicomponent reactions, which has important implications for organic and polymer chemistry.
Preparation of Robust Superhydrophobic Sand by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polydimethylsiloxane for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Mosayebi Elham , Azizian Saeid , Noei Nima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, oil has been released by industrial activities into the aquatic environment and threatened human's and creatures’ health, hence researchers are seeking to find proper methods to separate oil from water. Superhydrophobic surfaces are promising materials for oil/water separation. In the present work, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is loaded on the surface of sand grains by chemical vapor deposition method. The preparation method is a single‐step and simple method and just needs small amounts of a single component (PDMS). The prepared sample is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDS) methods, also water contact angle is measured. The water contact angle is about 152±1° and the surface shows superhydrophobic property which can be used as an efficient filter for oil/water separation. The oil/water separation efficiency is high (98%) and almost constant after 25 cycles. The obtained superhydrophobic sand is stable in harsh and corrosive conditions for instance acidic and basic solutions.
Catalyst‐Free Multicomponent Cyclopolymerizations of Diisocyanides, Activated Alkynes, and 1,4‐Dibromo‐2,3‐Butanedione: a Facile Strategy toward Functional Polyiminofurans Containing Bromomethyl Groups
Authors: Zhu Guinan , Fu Weiqiang , Han Binru , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Zhi Junge , Dong Yuping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolymers containing iminofuran (PIFs) are rarely reported due to the lack of simple and effective synthesis methods. In this work, a novel multicomponent cyclopolymerization (MCCP) of diisocyanides, activated alkynes, and 1,4‐dibromo‐2,3‐butanedione using catalyst‐free one‐pot reactions under mild conditions to prepare PIFs containing bromomethyl groups is reported. PIFs with good solubility and thermal stability are obtained with high Mws (up to 19 600) and good yields (up to 89.5%) under optimized polymerization conditions. The structure of the PIFs is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The photophysical properties indicate that polymers P1a2b3 and P1c2b3 have cluster‐triggered emission characteristics. Thin films made from PIFs quickly degrade under UV irradiation. Moreover, the obtained polymers are decorated with bromomethyl and carboxylate groups in the side chain, which can be postfunctionalized to prepare multifunctional materials, such as star branched polymers and biomedical carrier materials. Thus, this work not only enriches the field of polymerization based on isocyanates and activated alkynes but also provides a facile strategy toward functional iminofuran polymers.
Methionine‐ and Choline‐Deficient Diet Enhances Adipose Lipolysis and Leptin Release in aP2‐Cre Fatp4‐Knockout Mice
Authors: Cheng Yuting , Gan‐Schreier Hongying , Seeßle Jessica , Staffer Simone , Tuma‐Kellner Sabine , Khnykin Denis , Stremmel Wolfgang , Merle Uta , Herrmann Thomas , Chamulitrat Walee 
Published: September 2020

ScopeInadequate intake of choline commonly leads to liver diseases. Methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diets (MCDD) induce fatty liver in mice which is partly mediated by triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in white adipose tissues (WATs). Because Fatp4 knockdown has been shown to increase adipocyte lipolysis in vitro, here, the effects of MCDD on WAT lipolysis in aP2‐Cre Fatp4‐knockout (Fatp4A−/−) mice are determined.Methods and ResultsIsolated WATs of Fatp4A−/− mice exposed to MCD medium show an increase in lipolysis, and the strongest effect is noted on glycerol release from subcutaneous fat. Fatp4A−/− mice fed with MCDD for 4 weeks show an increase in serum glycerol, TG, and leptin levels associated with the activation of hormone‐sensitive lipase in subcutaneous fat. Chow‐fed Fatp4A−/− mice also show an increase in serum leptin and very‐low‐density lipoproteins as well as liver phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin levels. Both chow‐ and MCDD‐fed Fatp4A−/− mice show a decrease in serum ketone and WAT sphingomyelin levels which supports a metabolic shift to TG for subsequent WAT lipolysisConclusionsAdipose Fatp4 deficiency leads to TG lipolysis and leptin release, which are exaggerated by MCDD. The data imply hyperlipidemia risk by a low dietary choline intake and gene mutations that increase adipose TG levels.
Investigation of intravoxel incoherent motion tensor imaging for the characterization of the in vivo human heart
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Shi , Sang Xi‐Qiao , Kuai Zi‐Xiang , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Lou Jie , Lu Qing , Zhu Yue‐Min 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo investigate intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) tensor imaging of the in vivo human heart and elucidate whether the estimation of IVIM tensors is affected by the complexity of pseudo‐diffusion components in myocardium.MethodsThe cardiac IVIM data of 10 healthy subjects were acquired using a diffusion weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence along 6 gradient directions with 10 b values (0~400 s/mm2). The IVIM data of left ventricle myocardium were fitted to the IVIM tensor model. The complexity of myocardial pseudo‐diffusion components was reduced through exclusion of low b values (0 and 5 s/mm2) from the IVIM curve‐fitting analysis. The fractional anisotropy, mean fraction/mean diffusivity, and Westin measurements of pseudo‐diffusion tensors (fp and D*) and self‐diffusion tensor (D), as well as the angle between the main eigenvector of fp (or D*) and that of D, were computed and compared before and after excluding low b values.ResultsThe fractional anisotropy values of fp and D* without low b value participation were significantly higher (P < .001) than those with low b value participation, but an opposite trend was found for the mean fraction/diffusivity values. Besides, after removing low b values, the angle between the main eigenvector of fp (or D*) and that of D became small, and both fp and D* tensors presented significant decrease of spherical components and significant increase of linear components.ConclusionThe presence of multiple pseudo‐diffusion components in myocardium indeed influences the estimation of IVIM tensors. The IVIM tensor model needs to be further improved to account for the complexity of myocardial microcirculatory network and blood flow.
Prospective motion correction for diffusion weighted EPI of the brain using an optical markerless tracker
Authors: Berglund Johan , van Niekerk Adam , Rydén Henric , Sprenger Tim , Avventi Enrico , Norbeck Ola , Glimberg Stefan L. , Olesen Oline V. , Skare Stefan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo enable motion‐robust diffusion weighted imaging of the brain using well‐established imaging techniques.MethodsAn optical markerless tracking system was used to estimate and correct for rigid body motion of the head in real time during scanning. The imaging coordinate system was updated before each excitation pulse in a single‐shot EPI sequence accelerated by GRAPPA with motion‐robust calibration. Full Fourier imaging was used to reduce effects of motion during diffusion encoding. Subjects were imaged while performing prescribed motion patterns, each repeated with prospective motion correction on and off.ResultsProspective motion correction with dynamic ghost correction enabled high quality DWI in the presence of fast and continuous motion within a 10° range. Images acquired without motion were not degraded by the prospective correction. Calculated diffusion tensors tolerated the motion well, but ADC values were slightly increased.ConclusionsProspective correction by markerless optical tracking minimizes patient interaction and appears to be well suited for EPI‐based DWI of patient groups unable to remain still including those who are not compliant with markers.
3D UTE bicomponent imaging of cortical bone using a soft–hard composite pulse for excitation
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Yanjun , Wei Zhao , Cai Zhenyu , Jerban Saeed , Zha Yunfei , Ma Ya‐Jun 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo evaluate 3D UTE bicomponent imaging of cortical bone ex vivo and in vivo using a newly designed soft–hard composite pulse for excitation.MethodsChemical shift artifacts, presenting as fat–water oscillation or combination‐induced signal oscillation, significantly reduce the accuracy of quantitative UTE bicomponent analysis of cortical bone. To achieve fat suppression for more reliable bicomponent analysis, a newly developed soft–hard excitation pulse was used with UTE imaging and compared with a single rectangular pulse excitation without and with a conventional fat saturation (FatSat) module. These 3 sequences were applied to 8 bovine bone samples without marrow fat, 3 bovine bone samples with marrow fat, and tibial midshafts of 5 healthy human volunteers. Bicomponent analyses were performed in both ex vivo and in vivo studies.ResultsThe soft–hard pulse provided comparable fat suppression, but much reduced bone signal attenuation compared with the FatSat module. Better bicomponent fitting was also achieved with the soft–hard excitation pulse because it greatly reduced chemical shift artifacts and outperformed the single rectangular pulse without or with FatSat. Although the FatSat module reduced fat signals and related fat–water oscillation, the water signals were significantly attenuated with more than 40% reduction due to direction saturation. For the inner layer of tibial midshaft in healthy volunteers, fitting errors increased from 3.78% for the soft–hard pulse to 11.43% and 5.16%, respectively, for the single rectangular pulse without and with the FatSat module.ConclusionThe 3D UTE sequence with a new soft–hard excitation pulse allows more reliable bicomponent imaging of cortical bone.