bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Hollow Pt-Ni Nanoboxes for Highly Efficient Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Jamil Rabia , Sohail Manzar , Baig Nadeem , Ansari Muhammad S. , Ahmed Riaz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn direct methanol fuel cell technology, highly stable electrochemical catalysts are critically important for their practical utilization at the commercial scale. In this study, sub ~10 nm hollow Pt-Ni (1:1 at. ratio) nanoboxes supported on functionalized Vulcan carbon (Pt-Ni/C-R2) were synthesized through a facile method for the efficient electrooxidation of methanol. Two reaction procedures, namely, a simultaneous reduction and a modified sequential reduction method using a reverse microemulsion (RME) method, were adopted to synthesize solid Pt-Ni NPs and hollow nanoboxes, respectively. To correlate the alloy composition and surface structure with the enhanced catalytic activity, the results were compared with the nanocatalyst synthesized using a conventional NaBH4reduction method. The calculated electroactive surface area for the Pt-Ni/C-R2 nanoboxes was 190.8 m2.g−1, which is significantly higher compared to that of the Pt-Ni nanocatalyst (96.4 m2.g−1) synthesized by a conventional reduction method. Hollow nanoboxes showed 34% and 44% increases in mass activity and rate of methanol oxidation reaction, respectively, compared to solid NPs. These results support the nanoreactor confinement effect of the hollow nanoboxes. The experimental results were supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, which revealed that the lowest CO poisoning of the Pt1Ni1catalyst among all Ptm-Ninmixing ratios may account for the enhanced methanol oxidation. The synthesized hollow Pt-Ni/C (R2) nanoboxes may prove to be a valuable and highly efficient catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol due to their low cost, numerous catalytically active sites, low carbon monoxide poisoning, large electroactive surface area and long-term stability.
Association of Fok1 VDR polymorphism with Vitamin D and its associated molecules in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts
Authors: Panda Sudhasini , Tiwari Ambrish , Luthra Kalpana , Sharma S. K. , Singh Archana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStatus of Fok I VDR polymorphism along with vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor (VDR), and cathelicidin levels in Tuberculosis (TB) patients compared to household contacts and implication of these findings in susceptibility to TB is not known. 150 active TB patients, 150 household contacts and 150 healthy controls were recruited from North Indian population. Fok1 VDR polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).VDR mRNA and protein levels were studied using quantitative real time PCR (q rt PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Cathelicidin and Vitamin D levels were measured using ELISA and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) respectively. Significant association was found between Fok1 polymorphism and susceptibility to TB (P < 0.0005). VDR mRNA, VDR protein and vitamin D levels were significantly lower in active TB group when compared to household contacts and healthy controls (P < 0.0001, 0.0001 and 0.0005 respectively). Cathelicidin levels were higher in active TB patients compared to other groups (P < 0.0001). Expression of VDR and cathelicidin was significantly higher among ‘FF’ genotypes of VDR (more active form of VDR) compared to ‘ff’ genotype (less active form of VDR). ‘f’ allele was associated with increased susceptibility to TB. Higher frequency of ‘F’ allele, increased VDR expression along with increased vitamin D levels in household contacts compared to active TB group might be responsible for protection against active TB.
A Recent Systematic Increase in Vapor Pressure Deficit over Tropical South America
Authors: Barkhordarian Armineh , Saatchi Sassan S. , Behrangi Ali , Loikith Paul C. , Mechoso Carlos R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show a recent increasing trend in Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) over tropical South America in dry months with values well beyond the range of trends due to natural variability of the climate system defined in both the undisturbed Preindustrial climate and the climate over 850–1850 perturbed with natural external forcing. This trend is systematic in the southeast Amazon but driven by episodic droughts (2005, 2010, 2015) in the northwest, with the highest recoded VPD since 1979 for the 2015 drought. The univariant detection analysis shows that the observed increase in VPD cannot be explained by greenhouse-gas-induced (GHG) radiative warming alone. The bivariate attribution analysis demonstrates that forcing by elevated GHG levels and biomass burning aerosols are attributed as key causes for the observed VPD increase. We further show that There is a negative trend in evaporative fraction in the southeast Amazon, where lack of atmospheric moisture, reduced precipitation together with higher incoming solar radiation (~7% decade−1 cloud-cover reduction) influences the partitioning of surface energy fluxes towards less evapotranspiration. The VPD increase combined with the decrease in evaporative fraction are the first indications of positive climate feedback mechanisms, which we show that will continue and intensify in the course of unfolding anthropogenic climate change.
Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli
Authors: Chakraborty Ruchira , Basu Tarakdas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands alternatives to antibiotics. Copper-based nanoparticles with a high antibacterial property may be a solution to the problem. It is, therefore, important to understand the mode of antibacterial action of the nanoparticles (NPs). Despite reports on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria by copper and copper-oxide nanoparticles and involvement of such ROS in cell killing, it is still unclear (a) if surface modification of the nanoparticles by media organics has any role on their antibacterial potency and (b) whether the bactericidal effects of these NPs are ‘particle-specific’ or ‘ion-specific’ in nature. We address these issues for cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) in this study. Instead of nutrient medium, whenE. colibacterial cells were suspended in saline (0.9% NaCl), CuO-NP had a more anti-bacterial effect, with MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) value of 6 µg/mL, than in nutrient medium with MBC value of 160 µg/mL. Moreover, the lysine-modified CuO-NP in saline had MBC at 130 µg/mL. Thus, unmodified CuO-NP was more efficient killer than modified one. Our finding further revealed that in saline;CuO-NP had ‘particle-specific’ antibacterial effect through generation of ROS and consequent oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA degradation in cells.
Anomalous Nernst effect in stressed magnetostrictive film grown onto flexible substrate
Authors: Melo Acácio Silveira , Oliveira Alexandre Barbosa de , Chesman Carlos , Della Pace Rafael Domingues , Bohn Felipe , Correa Marcio Assolin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe anomalous Nernst effect in nanostructured magnetic materials is a key phenomenon to optimally control and employ the internal energy dissipated in electronic devices, being dependent on, for instance, the magnetic anisotropy of the active element. Thereby, here, we report a theoretical and experimental investigation of the magnetic properties and anomalous Nernst effect in a flexible magnetostrictive film with induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and under external stress. Specifically, we calculate the magnetization behavior and the thermoelectric voltage response from a theoretical approach for a planar geometry, with magnetic free energy density that takes into account the induced uniaxial and magnetoelastic anisotropy contributions. Experimentally, we verify modifications of the effective magnetic anisotropy by changing the external stress, and explore the anomalous Nernst effect, a powerful tool to investigate the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive materials. We find quantitative agreement between experiment and numerical calculations, thus elucidating the magnetic behavior and thermoelectric voltage response. Besides, we provide evidence to confirm the validity of the theoretical approach to describe the magnetic properties and anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic magnetostrictive films having uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and submitted to external stress. Hence, the results place flexible magnetostrictive systems as promising candidates for active elements in functionalized touch electronic devices.
Adipocyte browning and resistance to obesity in mice is induced by expression of ATF3
Authors: Cheng Ching-Feng , Ku Hui-Chen , Cheng Jing-Jy , Chao Shi-Wei , Li Hsiao-Fen , Lai Pei-Fang , Chang Che-Chang , Don Ming-Jaw , Chen Hsi-Hsien , Lin Heng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBillions of people have obesity-related metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Promoting the browning of white adipose tissue has been suggested as a potential strategy, but a drug still needs to be identified. Here, genetic deletion of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3−/−) in mice under a high-fat diet (HFD) resulted in obesity and insulin resistance, which was abrogated by virus-mediated ATF3 restoration. ST32da, a synthetic ATF3 inducer isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, promoted ATF3 expression to downregulate adipokine genes and induce adipocyte browning by suppressing the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein–stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 axis. Furthermore, ST32da increased white adipose tissue browning and reduced lipogenesis in HFD-induced obese mice. The anti-obesity efficacy of oral ST32da administration was similar to that of the clinical drug orlistat. Our study identified the ATF3 inducer ST32da as a promising therapeutic drug for treating diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Identification of a monoclonal antibody that targets PD-1 in a manner requiring PD-1 Asn58 glycosylation
Authors: Wang Mingzhu , Wang Junchao , Wang Rongjuan , Jiao Shasha , Wang Shuang , Zhang Jinchao , Zhang Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) is inhibitory receptor and immune checkpoint protein. Blocking the interaction of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/ L2 is able to active T-cell-mediated antitumor response. Monoclonal antibody-based drugs targeting PD-1 pathway have exhibited great promise in cancer therapy. Here we show that MW11-h317, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, displays high affinity for PD-1 and blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1/L2. MW11-h317 can effectively induce T-cell-mediated immune response and inhibit tumor growth in mouse model. Crystal structure of PD-1/MW11-h317 Fab complex reveals that both the loops and glycosylation of PD-1 are involved in recognition and binding, in which Asn58 glycosylation plays a critical role. The unique glycan epitope in PD-1 to MW11-h317 is different from the first two approved clinical PD-1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. These results suggest MW11-h317 as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody of PD-1 glycosylation-targeting which may become efficient alternative for cancer therapy.
Preferentially oriented large antimony trisulfide single-crystalline cuboids grown on polycrystalline titania film for solar cells
Authors: Chen Junwei , Qi Juanjuan , Liu Rong , Zhu Xiaoguang , Wan Zhiyang , Zhao Qiuyuan , Tao Shanwen , Dong Chao , Ashebir Getinet Y. , Chen Wangwei , Peng Ruixiang , Zhang Fapei , Yang Shangfeng , Tian Xingyou , Wang Mingtai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity is an alternative way to use renewable energy for sustainable energy production. The great demand of low-cost and efficient solar cells inspires research on solution-processable light-harvesting materials. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising light-harvester for photovoltaic purposes. Here we report on the in situ grown monolayer of preferentially oriented, large Sb2S3 single-crystalline cuboids on a polycrystalline titania (TiO2) nanoparticle film. A facile, oriented seed-assisted solution-processing method is used, providing the Sb2S3/TiO2-based bulk/nano-planar heterojunction with a preferred structure for efficient planar solar cells. An orientation-competing-epitaxial nucleation/growth mechanism is proposed for understanding the growth of the Sb2S3 single-crystalline cuboids. With an organic hole transporting material, the stable solar cell of the heterojunction yields a power conversion efficiency of 5.15% (certified as 5.12%). It is found that the [221]-oriented Sb2S3 cuboids provide highly effective charge transport channels inside the Sb2S3 layer.
Circularly pulse‐shaped orthogonal time frequency space modulation
Authors: Tiwari S. , Das S.S. 
Published: October 2019

Orthogonal time‐frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a recently proposed waveform for efficient data transfer in high‐speed vehicular scenario. Use of rectangular pulse shape in OTFS results in high out of band (OoB) radiation, which is undesirable for multi‐user scenarios. In this work, the authors present a circular pulse shaped framework for OTFS for reducing the OoB. The authors also design a low complexity transmitter for such a system. They argue in favour of orthogonal transmission for low complexity transceiver structure. The authors establish that frequency‐localised circulant Dirichlet pulse is one of the possible pulses having this desirable unitary property, which can reduce OoB radiation significantly (by around 50 dB) without any loss in BER. They also show that the proposed pulse‐shaped OTFS has a lower peak to average power ratio than conventional OTFS system.
Cryogenic characterisation of 55 nm SONOS charge‐trapping memory in AC and DC modes
Authors: Fan Lin‐Jie , Bi Jin‐Shun , Xu Yan‐Nan , Xi Kai , Ma Yao , Liu Ming , Majumdar Sandip 
Published: October 2019

The electrical responses of 55 nm silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS) memory cells have been investigated under cryogenic conditions, and the changes of the read curves of SONOS in AC mode (programmed/erased with pulse voltage) and DC mode (programmed/erased with direct voltage sweeping) at low temperatures are compared. The experimental results show that with the decrease of temperature, the subthreshold swing of SONOS decreases, whereas the on‐state current of SONOS increases. The difference in AC and DC operations causes the threshold voltage of the read curve to drift accordingly, leading to the different change in the memory window. However, in both modes of operations, the efficiencies of programming and erasing decrease at cryogenic temperatures. It is analysed that the reduction of programming efficiency at cryogenic temperatures is caused by the decrease in the quantity of pre‐tunnelling electrons. The reduction in erasing efficiency is attributable to the suppression of the Poole–Frenkel effect at low temperatures, which makes it more difficult for electrons to be de‐trapped.
High‐resolution SSVEP‐based brain–computer interface
Authors: Zhang Shuailei , Wang Shuai , Zheng Dezhi , Ma Kang , Zhang Yajun , Xiang Wang 
Published: October 2019

Steady‐state visual evoked potential based brain–computer interface (BCI) is now attracting growing attention for its fast and efficient information transfer rate. However, human beings show excellent response only in a limited range of frequencies. Due to the limitation of frequency bandwidth, it is difficult to obtain enough frequency for target encoding. This study presents a high‐resolution steady‐state visual evoked BCI whose frequency resolution reaches 0.1 Hz. Compared with the widely‐used system with frequency resolution of 0.2 Hz, this system have doubled the number of evoked frequencies, and increased the information transfer rate by 27.89% when sampling time is >3 s.
Establishment of 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air‐kerma rate X‐ray radiation mass
Authors: Wang Bo , Wu Jinjie , Du Haiyan , Guo Siming , Ren Shiwei 
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the measurement of X‐rays has attracted much attention. Especially in the aspects of environmental monitoring, radiation protection, and radiation therapy, to obtain more accurate measurement values, it is necessary to set up a corresponding reference device to trace the magnitude. This paper aims to establish a 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air‐kerma rate X‐ray radiant mass. First, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to simulate the establishment of a model of the light engine, and the energy spectra of different tube voltages and different additional filters were calculated to obtain the average photon energy. Then the average photon energy was compared with the extrapolated average photon energy so that the deviation was within ±5%. Finally, half‐value measurements are made on additional filters that meet the requirements.
The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water ice line in a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Ziampras Alexandros , Ataiee Sareh , Kley Wilhelm , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Baruteau Clément 
Published: October 2019

Context. Planets in accretion disks can excite spiral shocks and if these planets are massive enough, they can even open gaps in their vicinity. Both of these effects can influence the overall thermal structure of the disk.
Aims. We model planets of different masses and semimajor axes in disks of various viscosities and accretion rates to examine their impact on disk thermodynamics and to highlight the mutable, non-axisymmetric nature of ice lines in systems with massive planets.
Methods. We conducted a parameter study using numerical hydrodynamics simulations where we treated viscous heating, thermal cooling, and stellar irradiation as additional source terms in the energy equation, with some runs including radiative diffusion. Our parameter space consists of a grid containing different combinations of planet and disk parameters.
Results. Both gap opening and shock heating can displace the ice line, with the effects amplified for massive planets in optically thick disks. The gap region can split an initially hot (T > 170 K) disk into a hot inner disk and a hot ring just outside of the planet’s location, while shock heating can reshape the originally axisymmetric ice line into water-poor islands along spirals. We also find that radiative diffusion does not alter the picture significantly in this context.
Conclusions. Shock heating and gap opening by a planet can effectively heat up optically thick disks and, in general, they can move or reshape the water ice line. This can affect the gap structure and migration torques. It can also produce azimuthal features that follow the trajectory of spiral arms, creating hot zones which lead to “islands” of vapor and ice around spirals that could affect the accretion or growth of icy aggregates.
Fulminante Laktatazidose bei kokaininduziertem agitiertem Delir
Authors: Wellershoff Gerald 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas agitierte Delir ist ein medizinischer Notfall mit signifikanter Mortalität. Schwere Laktatazidosen bei Patienten, die gegen eine Fixierung kämpfen, wurden beschrieben. Die vorliegende Kasuistik präsentiert eine fulminante Laktatazidose (initialer pH 6,58) im Rahmen eines kokaininduzierten Delirs. Klinische Symptomatik, pathophysiologische Erklärungsansätze und Hinweise zur Therapie werden erläutert.
The Rich Get Richer: Osseous Chimeric Versatility to the Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Yu Jason W. , Frey Jordan D. , Thanik Vishal D. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , Levine Jamie P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) system, which supplies the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap territory, offers a plethora of tissue types for composite, functional reconstruction. However, the ability to include a reliable and flexible osseous component is limited. Based on cadaveric dissections, we describe an isolated LFCA branch to the femur separate from the vastus intermedius that can be included in ALT flap harvest in cases requiring bony reconstruction.
Methods Cadaveric dissection was undertaken to define the LFCA vascular system with specific dissection of the proximal branches of the descending branch of the LFCA (db-LFCA) to define any muscular, periosteal, and/or osseous branches to the femur.
Results Six thighs in four cadavers were dissected. Consistent in all specimens, there was an isolated branch extending distally, medially, and posteriorly from the proximal LFCA and entering the periosteum of the femur. In five specimens, the identified branch to the femur was located approximately 1-cm distal to the rectus femoris branch of the LFCA and approximately 1-cm proximal to a separate branch entering and supplying the vastus intermedius. In one specimen, there was a common trunk. The length of this branch from the origin at the LFCA to insertion into the femoral periosteum was approximately 6 to 8 cm.
Conclusion There appears to be a consistent and reliable branch to the femur based on the proximal LFCA that may be included in ALT flap harvest, adding even more versatility, as another option in complex cases requiring composite reconstruction, including bone.
33.1.14.3 3,4-Dihydro-2H-thiopyrans and Derivatives (Update 2019)
Authors: Witt D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.1.14) describing methods for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans and their derivatives. The most common routes to 2H-thiopyrans, 4H-thiopyrans, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans, 4H-1-benzothiopyrans, 1H-2-benzothiopyrans, 2H-1-benzothiopyrans, and their derivatives are based on ring-closure reactions, ring transformation, elimination process, and the elaboration of substituents attached to the thiopyran ring.
Arcana imperii*
Authors: Dynel Marta , Poppi Fabio I. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a study on the mechanics of insult-retort adjacency pairs in Twitter
interactions. The analysis concerns primarily the humorous retorts made by the pornographic entrepreneur Stormy Daniels, who has
been pelted with politically-loaded misogynist insults, many of which qualify as slut-shaming. These acts of verbal aggression are
the result of her involvement in a legal dispute with President Donald Trump and his former attorney. Based on a carefully
collected corpus of public exchanges of tweets, our qualitative analysis achieves a few goals. First, it brings to focus a
previously ignored function of witty and creative humour, including the self-deprecating variety, as a powerful rhetorical
strategy that helps address insults with dignity and that displays the speaker’s intellectual superiority over the attacker and a
good sense of humour, as evidenced by multiple users’ positive metapragmatic evaluations of Stormy Daniels’s retorts. Second, these findings carry vital
practical implications for handling misogynist comments, including slut-shaming, online. Third, this study offers new insights
into the workings of insults and retorts thereto, not only in multi-party interactions on social media, specifically on Twitter,
but also through traditional channels of communication.