bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fundamental role of position in affix identity
Authors: Carden Julia R. , Barreyro Juan P. , Segui Juan , Jaichenco Virginia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous research suggests that while free morpheme identification during visual word recognition is
position-independent, suffixes are activated only when they occur after the stem. Surprisingly, prefix position coding has not yet
been assessed. This point is important given that some experimental studies demonstrated clear processing differences between
prefixes and suffixes. In this study we examined whether Spanish suffixes and prefixes are recognized independently of their
position by adapting the Crepaldi, Rastle, and Davis’s (2010) experimental paradigm. We
observed that morphologically structured nonwords in which the affix occurs in its typical position (e.g., curiosura,
disgrave) are rejected more slowly and less accurately than their matched orthographic controls (e.g.,
curiosula, dusgrave). Crucially, such morpheme interference effect is completely absent when the morphemes
are inverted (i.e., uracurios and gravedis are rejected as easily as ulacurios
and gravedus). Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that all affix processing is sensitive to
position.
Anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities of agarwood extracts from Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke and their cytotoxicity
Authors: Sukito A , Darmawan S , Turjaman M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, which produce agarwood. In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities from several extracts of agarwood produced by G. versteegii were investigated. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity assay was used to determine the anti-oxidant activity, whereas the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to determine the anti-diabetes activity. The toxicity test using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and phytochemical analysis were also conducted in this experiment. As the results, the acetone extracts of infected wood of G. versteegii had the highest anti-oxidant activity with the IC50 value of 65.62 μg/mL, whereas the acetone extracts of agarwood had the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 53.46 μg/mL. The toxicity test to the both samples shows the high toxicity with the LC50 values of 1.98 and 15.44 μg/mL, respectively. The high anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities in both of the acetone extracts of infected wood and agarwood may be caused by their high content of total phenolic (12.75 and 9.17%, respectively) and total flavonoid (19.96 and 14.34%, respectively). The anti-diabetes activity found in agarwood extracts produced by G. versteegii from Lombok is firstly reported.
Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from Macaranga hypoleuca
Authors: Sutrisno E , Tanpichai S. , Chuangchote S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Macaranga hypoleuca is one of the potential native species for natural fibers consisting of long fibers. In M. hypoleuca pulp the main majority is cellulose, followed by hemicellulose and lignin. Based on these characters, it is possible to prepare cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from M. hypoleuca pulp. In this work, CNFs were prepared by the combination of the chemical and mechanical treatments. Those were acid hydrolysis by sulfuric acid and ultrasonication machine forwarded. The aims studies observed the potential of M. hypoleuca pulp as a raw material of CNFs and characteristics of CNFs from M. hypoleuca pulp. The results showed of the CNFs had widths of 42 ± 7.27 nm and crystallinity of 76.9%. The decomposition temperature of the CNFs was of 332 °C. This could be value added to M. hypoleuca trees, and the CNFs extracted from this M. hypoleuca pulp might be useful for composite applications.
A review paper: the potency of biochar as bioconditioner and carbon-offset
Authors: Gusmailina  , Saputra N A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biochar presents the biochar whereby its use focuses on soil improver, known also as a biomaterial-derived product, resulting from decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-free or pyrolysis environment. This study observes the effect of the biochar amendment against pH and activity of soil microorganism. Bacterial identification has been carried out using standards applied in the Indonesian Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB) laboratory. The result showed that the increase in the activity of soil microorganisms increased 3-fold compared to controls. References survey were conducted to show the benefits of biochar amendment: seedling growth, increased agricultural commodities and carbon offsets.
Nostalgia, Adaptation, and (Textual) Identity: Luca Guadagnino’s ‘Desire Trilogy’
Authors: Melnikova Irina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay focuses on the ‘desire trilogy’ by Italian director Luca Guadagnino to reveal how it embodies nostalgic longing in its discursive structure. The essay examines how the films address matters of nostalgia and adaptation, how they trace an ‘absent presence’ and refer to one another, how they configure the hypertextual, intertextual, and architextual dialogue with other texts and media and use multimodal strategies that engage in ‘nostalgic desire’ for the cultural past. The analysis pays special attention to the mediation modes of intertextual references, reconfiguring the concepts of Gérard Genette within the framework of Lars Elleström’s concept of intermediality as intermodality, based on the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce. The study proposes an intermodal approach to the issue of intertextuality and intermediality, exposing the ways in which the engagement of modal strategies in a transtextual dialogue is (or can be) related to the construction of (archi)textual ‘self’.
Antisubjectivism and the End of Art: Heidegger on Hegel
Authors: Siani Alberto L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper claims that Heidegger’s confrontation with poetry and with Hegel’s end of art thesis can be read as an attempt to restore the highest function of art by deconstructing the ‘modern’ conception of truth underlying Hegel’s thesis. First, I discuss Heidegger’s interpretation of art following his assessment of the failure of metaphysical language to ‘unconceal’ the truth of Being. Second, I analyse, with specific reference to his interpretation of Hölderlin, what I reckon to be the core thread of Heidegger’s philosophy of art, namely his antisubjectivism. Third, I turn to Hegel’s end of art thesis, showing how for him, as well as for Heidegger, the highest function of art is necessarily connected to antisubjectivism, and hence, under the conditions of modernity, is a thing of the past. Finally, I address Heidegger’s reference to Hegel’s thesis, and claim that, while Hegel fully remains within the horizon of modernity, thus affirming the irreversible pastness of art, Heidegger envisages the possibility of abandoning the fundamental orientation of modernity, and hence of revoking the thesis of the pastness of art.
Characterization and regulation of extracellular vesicles in the lumen of the ovine uterus†
Authors: O’Neil Eleanore V , Burns Gregory W , Ferreira Christina R , Spencer Thomas E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSecretions of the endometrium are vital for peri-implantation growth and development of the sheep conceptus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in the uterine lumen, emanate from both the endometrial epithelia of the uterus and trophectoderm of the conceptus, and hypothesized to mediate communication between those cell types during pregnancy establishment in sheep. Size-exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis determined that total EV number in the uterine lumen increased from days 10 to 14 of the cycle but was lower on days 12 and 14 of pregnancy in sheep. Intrauterine infusions of interferon tau (IFNT) did not affect total EV number in the uterine lumen. Quantitative mass spectrometric analyses defined proteins and lipids in EVs isolated from the uterine lumen of day 14 cyclic and pregnant sheep. In vitro analyses found that EVs decreased ovine trophectoderm cell proliferation and increased IFNT production without effects on gene expression as determined by RNA-seq. Collective results support the idea EVs impact conceptus growth during pregnancy establishment via effects on trophectoderm cell growth.
Conservation seed physiology of the ciénega endemic, Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Wolkis Dustin , Blackwell Steve , Villanueva Shyla Kaninaualiʻi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKnowledge of seed dormancy and optimal propagation techniques is crucial for successful ex situ restoration and reintroduction projects, and determining the seed storage behaviour of a species is critical for the long-term conservation of seeds, further supporting future ex situ efforts. Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae) is a globally critically endangered plant species endemic to ciénega wetlands of southwest North America. To support in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of E. sparganophyllum, we asked (i) how does the embryo: seed (E:S) ratio change over time once imbibed, (ii) how does germination respond with varying periods of exposure to cold (5°C) and warm (25°C) stratification, and concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). By answering these questions, (iii) can dormancy class be inferred, and (iv) what storage behaviour category is exhibited? To answer these questions, we collected seeds in Southern Arizona from one of the few remaining wild populations. We measured embryo growth and tested the effects of cold (0–18 weeks) and warm (0 and 4 weeks) stratification, and 0–1000 ppm gibberellic acid on germination. We also tested the effects of cold (−80°C) dry (~20% equilibrium relative humidity) storage on germination. We found that (i) embryos grow inside seeds prior to germination; (ii) compared to control, cold stratification for at least 6 weeks increased germination and warm stratification had no effect; (iii) 1000-ppm GA3 had the highest germination success; (iv) therefore this species exhibits morphophysiological dormancy; and (v) seeds are orthodox and can therefore be conserved using conventional storage methods. This information will aid managers in the propagation of E. sparganophyllum that is crucial for in situ reintroduction and restoration projects, and seed banking represents a critical ex situ conservation strategy for the preservation of this species.
Distributive Justice for Behavioural Welfare Economics
Authors: Mandler Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The incompleteness of behavioural preferences can lead many or even all allocations to qualify as Pareto optimal. But the incompleteness does not undercut the precision of utilitarian policy recommendations. Utilitarian methods can be applied to groups of goods or to the multiple social welfare functions that arise when individual preferences are incomplete, and policymakers do not need to provide the preference comparisons that individuals are unable to make for themselves. The utilitarian orderings that result, although also incomplete, can generate a unique optimum. Non-separabilities in consumption reduce this precision but in all cases the dimension of the utilitarian optima drops substantially relative to the Pareto optima.
Preventing the White Death: Tuberculosis Dispensaries
Authors: Egedesø Peter Juul , Hansen Casper Worm , Jensen Peter Sandholt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide and while treatable by antibiotics since the 1940s, drug resistant strains have emerged. This article estimates the effects of the establishment of a pre-antibiotic public health institution, known as a TB dispensary, designed to prevent the spread of the disease. Our annual difference-in-differences estimation reveals that the rollout of the dispensaries across Danish cities led to a 19% decline in the TB mortality rate, but no significant impacts on other diseases when performing placebo regressions. We next take advantage of the dispensaries explicit targeting on TB to setup a triple-differences model which exploits other diseases as controls and obtain a similar magnitude of the effect. As for the mechanism, the evidence highlights the dispensaries’ preventive actions, such as information provision. At an estimated cost as low as 68 dollars per saved life-year, this particular public-health institution was extraordinarily cost effective. Overall, our evidence suggests a policy for developing countries to combat drug resistant TB.
Increasing EFL learner self-confidence with visualization tasks
Authors: Al-Murtadha Mutahar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
L2 linguistic self-confidence has been considered a constituent of L2 motivation, a predictor of L2 proficiency, and part of the willingness to communicate construct (WTC). However, little is known about how to increase it. This intervention study examined whether helping EFL learners visualize their ideal L2 selves enhances their L2 linguistic self-confidence. Two hundred and six Yemeni EFL learners formed the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received one visualization lesson a week for six weeks, whereas the control group received their regular lessons. The intervention structure followed the six steps of the Possible Selves Tree Program: discover, think, sketch, reflect, grow, and perform. A one-way analysis of covariance revealed that the self-confidence of the experimental group increased significantly. Qualitative data indicated that the intervention enhanced L2 linguistic self-confidence in four ways: considering the future, emulating L2 role models, increasing WTC, and using English and measuring progress. Pedagogical implications are provided.
‘The Dear Old Holy Roman Realm, How Does it Hold Together?’ Monetary Policies, Cross-cutting Cleavages and Political Cohesion in the Age of Reformation
Authors: Volckart Oliver 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Research has rejected Leopold von Ranke’s hypothesis that the Reformation emasculated the Holy Roman Empire and thwarted the emergence of a German nation state for centuries. However, current explanations of the Empire’s cohesion that emphasize the effects of outside pressure or political rituals are not entirely satisfactory. This article contributes to a fuller explanation by examining a factor that so far has been overlooked: monetary policies. Monetary conditions within the Empire encouraged its members to cooperate with each other and with the emperor. Moreover, cross-cutting cleavages forced actors on different sides of the confessional divide to frame coherent and fact-oriented monetary-policy arguments. This helped generate trust among the estates involved in the discussions about a common currency between the 1520s and the 1550s and contributed to the success of the negotiations. Monetary policies thus helped bridge the religious divide that had opened within the Empire, and they therefore contributed to its political cohesion.
What did Paul Rohrbach Actually Learn in Africa? The Influence of Colonial Experience on a Publicist’s Imperial Fantasies in Eastern Europe*
Authors: Kettler Mark T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Paul Rohrbach was an influential publicist in Wilhelmine Germany. He also routinely used racial justifications to defend brutal policies for managing the indigenous populations of Germany’s African colonies. In recent years, scholars have interpreted Rohrbach’s promotion of colonialism as evidence that colonial ideas increasingly saturated German political and imperial discourse before and during the First World War. His work has thus been cited to support an emerging narrative of pathological continuity, which contends that Wilhelmine German imperialists reflexively drew upon colonial ideologies, experiences and models to inform increasingly repressive and violent plans to rule ethnically diverse space in Eastern Europe. This article argues that Paul Rohrbach has been misinterpreted. His career represents not the ease with which colonial ideas infiltrated German imperial discourse, but rather the severe reluctance of an ardent colonialist to employ colonial methods in European space. Drawing upon his writings on Africa and his discussions of German war aims in Eastern Europe during the First World War, this article demonstrates Rohrbach’s profound unwillingness to structure German imperial expansion in Russia’s Baltic provinces and Congress Poland according to colonial precedents. Differences in the perceived cultural and political sophistication of African, Baltic and Polish societies convinced Rohrbach that repressive and brutal colonial models of rule would be inefficient or counterproductive for achieving German objectives in Eastern Europe. Indeed, Rohrbach’s studies of colonialism actually reinforced his commitment to decentralization and respect for national diversity as essential instruments for governing politically sophisticated European societies. His experiences in Africa, in other words, steeled his confidence in multinational imperialism.
Measuring health conditions and behaviours in fishing industry participants and fishing communities using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)
Authors: Speir Cameron , Ridings Corey , Marcum Jennifer , Drexler Michael , Norman Karma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We estimate physical health, mental health, and healthcare access conditions and behaviours among fishing industry participants from a public health survey in the United States. Human well-being is an increasingly important consideration in ecosystem models and fishery management. We use a standardized public health survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, to estimate health-related aspects of well-being in fishing industry participants (including harvest, processing, and wholesaling sectors) in Washington state and compare to reference populations. We find that physical and mental health outcomes and healthcare access among fishing industry participants are broadly similar to other populations. However, fishing industry participants are more frequently affected by conditions that limit activity and tend to engage in potentially unhealthy behaviour at higher rates. Our work fills a gap on health-related well-being outcomes in the human dimensions of fisheries and demonstrates the role that public health surveys can play in the study of well-being in fishing communities.
Influences of different factors on the three-dimensional heat transfer of spiral-coil energy pile group with seepage
Authors: You Tian , Yang Hongxing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Energy pile group is an important component of ground source heat pumps with foundation piles as ground heat exchangers. Among different energy piles, those with spiral pipes have a large heat exchange area between the pipe and the concrete, achieving good heat exchanging performance and wide applications. To analyze the influence of geometrical parameters (pile layout, pile spacing and pile depth) and external parameter (groundwater velocity) on the heat transfer of spiral-coil energy pile groups, a three-dimensional analytical model of spiral-coil energy pile groups with seepage is used, considering the thermal interaction among different piles, the geometry of spiral pipe and the velocity of groundwater. The soil temperature distribution in the energy pile group is studied under conditions with different factors (pile layouts: 3 × 2, L shape and line shape; pile spacing distances: 3, 5 and 7 m; pile depths: 10, 30 and 50 m; and groundwater velocities: 0, 1.2 × 10−6 and 2.0 × 10−6 m/s). The 3-year outlet fluid temperature of energy pile group affected by the above different factors under different inlet fluid temperatures and velocities or soil thermal exchange ratios is investigated. Results show that for the low fluid velocity inside the piles, the influence of above factors on the thermal performance of energy piles is more obvious. Large groundwater velocity, line shape pile layout, large pile spacing distance and short pile depth can alleviate the long-term temperature variation caused by unbalanced soil heat exchange. This work will facilitate the research, design and application of the energy pile group in ground source heat pumps.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Anilazine in Formulated Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Slahck Stephen C ,   Collaborators:, Arruda J , Bennett O O , Cheuk H , Elliott R M , Fontanilla A O , Hodgins W E , Hunt J , Jung P D , Lonn P , Pearson P M L , Schuld M , Schulz R , Stroh S , Tomkins D F , Updyke J R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of anilazine (DYRENE®) in formulated products has been developed and subjected to a collaborative study involving 15 participating laboratories. Each collaborator was furnished with reference standard, internal standard, and blind duplicate samples of DYRENE 80% concentrate, 75% wettable powder (75 WP), 50 WP, and 4 flowable formulation. Samples are dissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed by reverse phase chromatography using octanophenone as an internal standard. Collaborators were instructed to evaluate the method by either peak area or peak height measurements. Seven laboratories performed the analyses using peak areas; 8 laboratories used peak heights. Peak area measurements for the wettable powder samples resulted in statistically high bias vs peak height measurements. This was apparently due to inconsistent integration parameters among collaborators. Difficulties in establishing the correct integration parameters are illustrated along with t-test values for the 2 measurement techniques. Coefficients of variation of the peak height values obtained on the 80 concentrate, 75 WP, 50 WP, and 4 flowable were 1.68,1.29,1.74, 1.87%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action.
Determination of Aztreonam and L-Arginine Combination in Parenteral Formulations
Authors: Wahbi Abdel-Aziz M , Abounassif Mohammad A , Gad-Kariem El-Rasheed A , Ibrahim Mahmoud E , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and precise liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of aztreonam alone, in the presence of its degradation product, and in a parenteral formulation containing L-arginine. A reverse phase column and 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6)-methanol (95 + 5) with mobile phase at a flow rate of 2 mL/min is used. The method is sensitive for the range of 10-50 μg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 2%. The method has been applied to a parenteral formulation containing aztreonam and L-arginine. L-Arginine is also determined by a nonaqueous titrimetric method.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Flucytosine in Capsules: Collaborative Study
Authors: Shostak Donald , Klein Clifford ,   Collaborators:, Cappon C , Falcone N , Hanus J P , Mahn F , O’Brien D T , Ting S , Williams B W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of flucytosine in capsules was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses a C18 reverse phase column, water-methanol-acetic acid mobile phase containing 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt, p-aminobenzoic acid as internal standard, and photometric detection at 285 nm. The mean recovery value (±SD) of flucytosine from a synthetic formulation representing capsules was 99.2 ± 1.72% (CV = 1.73%). Composited samples of 250 and 500 mg commercial capsules gave assay values of (mean ± SD) 103.17 ± 2.21 and 99.29 ± 1.29% of declared, respectively. CV values were 2.15 and 1.30%. Reproducibility and repeatability CVs were 2.19 and 1.50%, respectively, for the 250 mg capsules, and 1.34 and 0.63%, respectively, for the 500 mg capsules. The method has been adopted official first action.