bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Enigmatic Origin of Guyana's Diamonds
Authors: Bassoo Roy , Befus Kenneth S. , Liang Peng , Forman Steven L. , Sharman Glenn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiamonds have long been mined from alluvial terrace deposits within the rainforest of Guyana, South America. No primary kimberlite deposits have been discovered in Guyana, nor have there been previous studies on the mineralogy and origin of the diamonds. Paleoproterozoic terranes in Guyana are prospective to diamond occurrences because the most productive deposits are associated spatially with the eastern escarpment of the Paleoproterozoic Roraima Supergroup. Geographic proximity suggests that the diamonds are detrital grains eroding from the &lt;1.98 Ga conglomerates, metamorphosed to zeolite and greenschist facies. The provenance and paragenesis of the alluvial diamonds are described using a suite of placer diamonds from different locations across the Guiana Shield. Guyanese diamonds are typically small, and those in our collection range from 0.3 to 2.7 mm in diameter; octahedral and dodecahedral, with lesser cubic and minor macle forms. The diamonds are further subdivided into those with abraded and non-abraded surfaces. Abraded diamonds show various colors in cathodoluminescence, whereas most non-abraded diamonds appear blue. In all populations, diamonds are predominantly colorless, with lesser brown to yellow and very rare white. Diamonds are predominantly Type IaAB and preserve moderate nitrogen aggregation and total nitrogen concentrations ranging from trace to ~1971 ppm. The kinetics of nitrogen aggregation indicate mantle-derived residence temperatures of 1124 ± 100 °C, assuming residence times of 1.3 and 2.6 Ga for abraded and non-abraded diamonds, respectively. The diamonds are largely sourced from the peridotitic to eclogitic lithospheric upper mantle based on both δ13C values of –5.82 ± 2.45‰ (VPDB-LSVEC) and inclusion suites predominantly comprised of forsterite, enstatite, Cr-pyrope, chromite, rutile, clinopyroxene, coesite, and almandine garnet. Detrital, accessory minerals are non-kimberlitic. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates diamondiferous deposits are predominantly sourced from Paleoproterozoic rocks of 2079 ± 88 Ma.
Phase relationships in the system ZnS-CuInS2: Insights from a nanoscale study of indium-bearing sphalerite
Authors: Xu Jing , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Cook Nigel J. , Slattery Ashley , Li Xiaofeng , Kontonikas-Charos Alkiviadis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Micrometer- to submicrometer-scale indium-rich domains are preserved within sphalerite included in hornfels-hosted pyrrhotite from the Dulong polymetallic skarn, Yunnan, China. The nano-mineralogy of the ZnS-bearing blebs was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy on thinned foils extracted in situ from pyrrhotite. Indium incorporation in sphalerite occurs via the coupled substitution 2Zn2+ ↔ Cu+ + In3+; the results thus allow insights into phase relationships in the system ZnS-CuInS2 in which solubility limits are debated with respect to a cubic to tetragonal phase transition. The highest concentrations of In are measured in basket-weave domains from the smallest ZnS blebs or from un-patterned areas in coarser, irregular ZnS inclusions in pyrrhotite. Indium-rich domains contain 17–49 mol% CuInS2, whereas In-poor sphalerite contains &lt;5 mol% CuInS2. Atomic-scale metal ordering observed in In-(Cu)-rich ZnS domains was modeled as mixed sites in a cubic structure with P43m symmetry and empirical formula [(Cu,In,Zn)3(Zn0.5Fe0.5)]4S4. This sphalerite modification is distinct from the cubic-tetragonal phase transition reported elsewhere for analogous, synthetic phases with abundant planar defects. The Zn1.5Fe0.5CuInS4 nanophase described here potentially represents a Fe-bearing polymorph of Zn2CuInS4, considered as an end-member in the sakuraiite solid-solution series. At ≤50 mol% CuInS2 in the ZnS-CuInS2 system, incorporation of In via coupled In+Cu substitution is promoted within a cubic ZnS phase with lower symmetry than sphalerite rather than into the spatially coexisting chalcopyrite of tetragonal symmetry. Solid-state diffusion accounts for phase re-equilibration resulting in the basket-weave textures typical of In-(Cu)-rich domains in the smallest blebs, whereas fluid percolation assists grain coarsening in the irregular inclusions. The results show evidence for the existence of a more complex phase transition than previously recognized from experimental studies, and, intriguingly, also to a potential eutectic in the system ZnS-CuInS2. Pyrrhotite-bearing hornfels in skarns may concentrate In and other critical metals hosted in sphalerite and related sulfides due to the efficient scavenging from fluid by these minerals and the subsequent preservation of those included phases by sealing within the pyrrhotite matrix.
Quantitative analysis of 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in sediments of the Raritan River estuary, USA
Authors: Li Ya-nan , Li Jing , Shao Zhiwei , Duan Zhihui , Xie Yu , Cui Zhitai , Li Jinyuan , Zhou Haoyi , Chen Mengjie , Li Sicheng , Chen Chengyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in sediment samples collected from seven sites in the Raritan River estuary (NJ, USA) using gas chromatography/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Results showed that concentrations of 209 PCB congeners ranged up to 20 ng/g, that total PCB concentrations by homolog groups varied from 9.0 to 327 ng/g, and that total PCB mass ranged from 101.0 to 1,476.3 ng with the order of sites 6 &gt; 7 &gt; 3 &gt; 4 &gt; 2 &gt; 1 &gt; 5. Furthermore, higher PCB concentrations were detected for homolog groups including hexa- and hepta-PCBs. More PCBs were associated with sediments at downstream sites possibly due to accumulation and deposition in the estuary, as supported by strong correlations of PCB concentrations between different sampling sites (R2 ≤ 0.96). Comparisons with prior reports showed that all total PCB concentrations were below those reported by the Contamination Assessment and Reduction Project (CARP) and Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), except for sites 6 and 7. Sites 3 and 4 had PCB concentrations exceeding the 22.7 ng/g limit of the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), whereas sites 6 and 7 exceeded the 180 ng/g limit, indicating potential health hazards from PCBs.
De contos a curtas: a formação de leitores na escola
Authors: Volmer Lovani , Heller Sabrine , Carvalho Ana , Ramos Flavia 
Published: June 2020

Este estudo discute a importância da literatura na constituição do sujeito e analisa um projeto de leitura com alunos de Ensino Médio como possibilidade de abordagem do texto literário na escola, a partir de contos de Machado de Assis. Com base especialmente em Candido (1995), Iser (1979), Larrosa (2003) e Petit (2008), o estudo discute fundamentos para um trabalho transformador com a literatura, que seja espaço de cognição, criação e fruição, no qual os alunos--leitores-produtores possam, ao compreenderem o mundo no papel, compreenderem a si mesmos, aos outros e serem criadores de mundos.
High Prevalence of AH in HIV Patients on ART, in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Vargas-Pacherrez Daniel , Brites Carlos , Cotrim Helma P. , Daltro Carla 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in HIV-patients is highly
variable and its association with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is controversial.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of AH and associated factors in HIV-patients on ART.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-patients attended in a referral center in
Salvador, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. Student's ttests
or Mann-Whitney's and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Values of
p <0.05 were considered significant. The variables that presented a value of p <0.20 were included
in a logistic regression model.

Results:
We evaluated 196 patients (60.7% male) with a mean age of 46.8 ± 11.7 years and a mean
body mass index of 24.9 ± 5.3 kg / m2. The median elapsed time since HIV diagnosis and ART use
was 11.8 (4.4 - 18.1) and 7.2 (2.7 - 15.3) years, respectively. The prevalence of AH was 41.8%. For
individuals > 50 years old, there was a significant association between the increased abdominal circumference
and AH and patients ≤ 50 years old presented significant association between AH and
overweight, increased abdominal circumference and number of previous ART regimens. After multivariate
analysis, age [OR:1.085; 95% CI 1,039 – 1,133], overweight [OR: 4.205; 95% CI 1,841 –
9,606], family history of AH [OR: 2.938; 95% CI 1,253 – 6.885], increased abdominal circumference
[OR: 2.774; 95% CI 1.116 – 6.897] and life-time number of ART regimens used [OR: 3.842;
95% CI 1.307 – 11.299] remained associated with AH.

Conclusion:
AH was highly prevalent and was associated not only with classical risk factors for arterial
hypertension, but also with specific ART regimens.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of Some Pyrazole Derivatives Catalyzed by Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB)
Authors: Bansal Ravi , Soni Pradeep K. , Gupta Neha , Bhagyawant Sameer S. , Halve Anand K. 
Published: June 2020

Aims:
In this article, we have developed an eco-friendly one-pot multi-component reaction methodology
employed for the green synthesis of functionalized pyrazole derivatives viz cyclo-condensation of aromatic
aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and phenyl hydrazine and/or hydrazine hydrate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide
(CTAB) at 90°C temperature in an aqueous medium.

Materials and Methods:
In the present protocol, we developed a green method for the synthesis of functionalized
pyrazole derivatives through one-pot, multi-component cyclo-condensation of aromatic aldehydes, phenyl hydrazine
or hydrazine hydrate and ethyl acetoacetate using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a catalyst in water as
a solvent. Our methodology confers advantages such as short reaction time, atom economy, purification of the product
without using column chromatographic and hazardous solvent. The reaction is being catalyzed by cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide
(CTAB) and thus, products are formed under the green reaction conditions.

Results and Discussion:
Initially, the reaction of benzaldehyde and phenylhydrazine with ethyl acetoacetate was carried
out in water at room temperature in the absence of the catalyst; no product was obtained after 24 h. When the reaction
was carried out using L-proline as a catalyst in ethanol at 70°C, the yield of the product was 20%.

Conclusion:
This research not only provides a green and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters but
also shows new applications of electrochemistry in organic synthesis. We consider that this green and efficient
synthetic protocol used to prepare sulfinic esters will have good applications in the future. In conclusion, we have
developed successfully a green and efficient one-pot multi-component methodology for the synthesis of substituted
pyrazoles using CTAB as a catalyst in water as a solvent with excellent yields. Purifications of compounds
were achieved without the use of traditional chromatographic procedures. This methodology has advantages of
operational simplicity, clean reaction profiles and relatively broad scope, which make it more attractive for the
diversity oriented synthesis of these heterocyclic libraries. In this methodology, we suggest a further alternative
possibility for the formation of substituted pyrazoles. The compound 7h can be used as an anticancer drug in the
pharma industry.
Fragment-based Discovery of Potential Anticancer Lead: Computational and in vitro Studies
Authors: Balgoname Abdulmalek A. , Alomair Sufyan M. , AlMubirek Abdulrahman K. , Khedr Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays a role in the
propagation of different types of cancers. It was identified in many types of cancer tissues like;
breast, ovarian, lung, prostate, and stomach cancers. Therefore, inhibition of HER2 can lead to the
discovery of novel anticancer agents.

Objective:
The study aims to discover a lead scaffold with drug-like properties and high affinity
toward HER2.

Methods:
A list of HER2 inhibitors were collected, analyzed, and subjected to fragmentation and
molecular docking. The in silico study computed the affinity, clash score, and ligand entropy score.
A pharmacophore model for an ideal inhibitor designed, and tested against breast, lung, and prostatic
cancer cell lines.

Results:
The discovered lead compound achieved several hydrogen bonds with the primary residues
found in the active site of HER2, such as; Met801, Gln99, Lys753, and Thr862 with a computational
affinity – 13.45 kcal/mol. In addition to a hydrophobic interaction with leu800. The in vitro
cytotoxic activity against; breast cancer MCF-7, prostatic cancer PC-3 and lung cancer A-549 cell
lines showed (IC50 = 86.38 ±1.1 mmol/ml), (IC50 = 157.02 ±1.3 mmol/ml), and (IC50 = 181.1
±2.4 mmol/ml) respectively.

Conclusion:
The discovered lead is an excellent drug-like candidate for further development and
optimization.
Anticancer Perspectives on the Fungal-Derived Polyphenolic Hispolon
Authors: Islam Muhammad T. , Ali Eunus S. , Khan Ishaq N. , Shaw Subrata , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Rouf Razina , Dev Shrabanti , Saravi Seyed S.S. , Das Niranjan , Tripathi Swati , Yele Santosh U. , Das Asish K. , Shilpi Jamil A. , Mishra Siddhartha K. , Mubarak Mohammad S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Cancer is a dreadful disease causing thousands of deaths per year worldwide, which
requires precision diagnostics and therapy. Although the selection of therapeutic regimens depends on the cancer
type, chemotherapy remains a sustainable treatment strategy despite some of its known side-effects. To date,
a number of natural products and their derivatives or analogues have been investigated as potent anticancer
drugs. These drug discoveries have aimed for targeted therapy and reduced side-effects, including natural therapeutic
regimens.

Objective:
This review introduces a prospective fungal-derived polyphenol, Hispolon (HIS), as an anticancer
agent. Accordingly, this review focuses on exploring the anticancer effect of hispolon based on information
extracted from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedLine, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Methods:
A literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedLine, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was
accomplished, using the keyword ‘Hispolon’, pairing with ‘cancer’, ‘cytotoxicity’, ‘cell cycle arrest’, ‘apoptosis’,
‘metastasis’, ‘migration’, ‘invasion’, ‘proliferation’, ‘genotoxicity’, ‘mutagenicity’, ‘drug-resistant cancer’,
‘autophagy’, and ‘estrogen receptor.

Results:
Database-dependent findings from reported research works suggest that HIS can exert anticancer effects
by modulating multiple molecular and biochemical pathways, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy,
inhibition of proliferation, metastasis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, HIS inhibits the estrogenic
activity and exhibits chemoprevention prospects, possibly due to its protective effects such as anticancer and
anti-inflammatory mechanisms. To date, a number of HIS derivatives and analogues have been introduced for
their anticancer effects in numerous cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:
Data obtained from this review suggest that hispolon and some of its derivatives can be promising
anticancer agents, and may become plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic leads for the development of potent
anticancer drugs, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Biogenic Silver and Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles by Feijoa: Biosynthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hashemi Zahra , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Biparva Pourya , Mortazavi-Derazkola Sobhan , Goli Hamid Reza , Sadeghian Fereshteh , Kardan Mostafa , Rafiei Alireza 
Published: June 2020

Background: and Purpose:
Green nanotechnology is an interesting method for the synthesis of functional
nanoparticles. Because of their wide application, they have set up great attention in recent years.

Objective:
The present research examines the green synthesis of Ag and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (AgNPs,
ZVINPs) by Feijoa sellowiana fruit extract. In this synthesis, no stabilizers or surfactants were applied.

Methods:
Eco-friendly synthesis of Iron and biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles were accomplished by
controlling critical parameters such as concentration, incubation period and temperature. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS),
Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering
(DLS) and UV-Vis were applied to characterize NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated in two cell lines,
MCF-7 (breast cancer) and AGS (human gastric carcinoma). A high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) analysis was also performed for characterization of phenolic acids in the extract.

Results:
Both NPs displayed powerful anticancer activities against two tumor cell lines with little effect on
BEAS-2B normal cells. Synthesized AgNPs and ZVINPs inhibited the growth of all selected bacteria. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis,
Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli have been studied in two stages. We initially examined the
ATCCs followed by clinical strain isolation. Based on the results from resistant strains, we showed that nanoparticles
were superior to conventional antibiotics. DPPH (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay
and iron chelating activity were used for the determination of antioxidant properties. Results showed a high
antioxidant activity of scavenging free radicals for ZVINPs and powerful iron-chelating activity for AgNPs.
Based on the HPLC data, catechin was the major phenolic compound in the extract.

Conclusion:
Our synthesized nanoparticles displayed potent cytotoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Evaluation of a New 99m Tc-labeled GnRH Analogue as a Possible Imaging Agent for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Farahani Arezou Masteri , Maleki Fariba , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah , Abediankenari Saeid , Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Erfani Mostafa 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is a serious threat to men’s health so it is necessary to develop technics
for early detection of this malignancy. The purpose of this research was the evaluation of a new99mTc-labeled
GnRH analogue as an imaging probe for tumor targeting of prostate cancer.

Methods:
99mTc-labeled-DLys6-GnRH analogue was prepared based on HYNIC as a chelating agent and tricine/
EDDA as coligands for labeling with 99mTc. HYNIC was coupled to epsilon amino group of DLys6 through
aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a linker. Radiochemical purity and stability in normal saline and serum, were
determined by TLC and HPLC methods. Furthermore, calculation of protein-binding and partition coefficient
constant were carried out for 99mTc labeled peptide. The cellular experiments including receptor binding specificity
and affinity were studied using three prostate cancer cell lines LN-CaP, DU-145 and PC-3. Finally, the
animal assessment and SPECT imaging of radiolabeled GnRH analogue were evaluated on normal mice and
nude mice bearing LN-CaP tumor.

Results:
The GnRH conjugate was labeled with high radiochemical purity (~97%). The radiolabeled peptide
showed efficient stability in the presence of normal saline and human serum. The in vitro cellular assays on
three prostate cancer cell lines indicated that the radiotracer was bound to LN-CaP cells with higher affinity
compared to DU-145 and PC-3 cells. The Kd values of 99mTc- HYNIC (tricine/ EDDA)-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH
were 89.39±26.71, 93.57±30.49 and107.3±18.82 in LN-CaP, PC-3 and DU-145 cells respectively. The biodistribution
studies in normal mice and LN-CaP tumor-bearing nude mice showed similar results including rapid
blood clearance and low radioactivity accumulation in non-target organs. High kidney uptake proved that the
main excretion route of radiopeptide was through the urinary system. The tumor uptake was 1.72±0.45 %ID/g at
1h p.i. decreasing to 0.70±0.06%ID/g at 4h p.i. for 99mTc-HYNIC-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH. The maximum tumor/
muscle ratio was 2.30 at 1h p.i. Pre-saturation of receptor using an excess of unlabeled peptide revealed that
the tumor uptake was receptor mediated. The results of the SPECT image of LN-CaP tumor were in agreement
with the biodistribution data.

Conclusion:
Based on this study, we suggest LN-CaP as a favorable cell line for in vivo studies on GnRH analogues.
Moreover, this report shows that 99mTc-HYNIC (tricine/EDDA)-Gaba-D-Lys6GnRH may be a suitable
candidate for further evaluation of prostate cancer.
Quinoline-3-carboxylate Derivatives: A New Hope as an Antiproliferative Agent
Authors: Mittal Ravi K. , Purohit Priyank 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The quinoline scaffold has been an attraction due to its pharmacological activities such
as anti-HIV, anti-neoplastic, anti-asthmatic, anti-tuberculotic, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial.

Objective:
The designed quinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized through a two-step reaction and
evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

Methods:
Synthesized compounds were characterized by modern analytical techniques like NMR, 2DNMR,
mass, and IR. Moreover, the purity of compounds was analyzed through the HPLC. In the progress of biological
results, all synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

Results:
The synthesized compounds exhibited micromolar inhibition in all over the ranges, however, some of
the compounds showed better activity than the standard anticancer drug such, as 4m and 4n with the IC50 value
of 0.33μM against the MCF-7 cell line, and the compounds 4k and 4m showed potential activity against the
K562 cell line with the IC50 value of 0.28μM. The anti-cancer activities of compounds were found to be through
the up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

Conclusion:
The biological data of all compounds in both cell lines were utilized for the structural activity relationship of
the quinoline-3-carboxylate pharmacophore. The active lead was further validated through rigorous in silico studies for the
drug-likeness (QED) and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties.
Here in the present research is utilized for the demonstration of an important pharmacophore, which could be utilized for
further development to become a lead as an anticancer agent with minimal toxicity.