bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder perspective on barrier to the implementation of Advance Care Planning in a traditionally paternalistic healthcare system
Authors: Hiu Stellar , Su Alex , Ong Samantha , Poremski Daniel 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAdvance psychiatric agreements could guide medical teams in providing care consistent with the incapacitated service user’s wishes. However, these types of agreements are rarely completed in Asian settings. What challenges can a traditionally paternalistic healthcare system expect to encounter when attempting to implement psychiatric advance directives?MethodsWe answered this research question by exploring the cultural, administrative and logistical challenges that might impede the implementation of the system supporting the service. We interviewed key stakeholders, 28 service users and 22 service providers, to seek their views and interests in the implementation of directives. We structured our analyses along a literature-review-based framework designed to guide further implementation studies, proposed by Nicaise and colleagues (2013). Accordingly, we divided our inductively generated themes into four longitudinal categories: pre-development stage, development stage, implementation stage, post-implementation stage.ResultsOverall, the findings indicated that many service users and service providers are interested in advance care planning. They believed that foreseeable challenges could be overcome with appropriate measures. However, the multiple challenges of implementation led some service providers to be ambivalent about their implementation and led service users to dismiss them. Specifically, factors related to the local culture in Singapore necessitated adjustments to the content and structure of the directives. These include language barriers in a multicultural society, conflicting wishes in a collectivist society, taboos for speaking about undesirable outcomes in a traditionalist society, and time limitations in a fast-paced society.ConclusionWhile culture-specific changes may be required to enable service users in a small Asian country to employ existing advance psychiatric agreement approaches, service providers and service users see their benefits. However, service providers must be mindful not to assume that service users are willing to defer every decision to their physician.
Prognostic value of the common tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Benchao , Li Heng , Liu Chao , Xiang Xudong , Wang Shuting , Wu Anhao , Shen Yan , Li Gaofeng 
Published: November 2020

Background
Many previous studies have revealed that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are significantly associated with prognosis in various tumours. However, this finding remains controversial in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed this meta-analysis systematically to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs in NSCLC.

Methods
The references were collected by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized using random or fixed effects models to evaluate the association between TILs and NSCLC survival outcomes.

Results
A total of 45 interrelated studies were eligible that included 11,448 patients. Pooled analysis showed that a high density of TILs indicated a better overall survival (HR = 0.80, 0.70–0.89) and progression-free survival (HR = 0.73, 0.61–0.85) for patients with NSCLC; a high density of CD3+ TILs in the tumour nest indicated a better overall survival (HR = 0.84, 0.69–0.99) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.57, 0.34–0.80); a high density of CD4+ TILs in the tumor nest indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.86, 0.76–0.96); a high density of CD8+ TILs indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.995, 0.99–1.0), progression-free survival (HR = 0.52, 0.34–0.71), disease-free survival (HR = 0.64, 0.43–0.85), relapse/recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.42, 0.18–0.67) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.56, 0.35–0.78); and a high density of CD20+ TILs in the tumour nest indicated a favourable overall survival (HR = 0.65, 0.36–0.94). However, a high density of Foxp3+ TILs in the tumour stroma indicated a worse relapse/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.90, 1.05–2.76) in NSCLC.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis confirmed that high densities of TILs, CD3+TILs, CD4+TILs, CD8+TILs and CD20+TILs in the tumour nest are favourable prognostic biomarkers for patients with NSCLC, and Foxp3+TILs in the tumour stroma are a poor prognostic biomarker.
Estudio de suceptibilidad genética a la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE)
Authors: González Cabero Tomás , González Sarmiento Rogelio 
Published: November 2020

La degeneración macular asociada a la edad es la principal causa de pérdida de visión central severa e irreversible en personas mayores de 50 años en los países desarrollados.
Esta enfermedad se puede clasificar en dos grupos, seca y húmeda, siendo esta última objeto de estudio en este trabajo, la cual se caracteriza por el desarrollo de neovascularización coroidea. Debido a la importancia de los SNPs en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad, se estudiarán tres polimorfismos pertenecientes al gen que codifica la endoglina (rs1998923, rs1330683 y rs1330684) y un polimorfismo perteneciente al gen que codifica la presenilina-1 (rs165932). Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si el desarrollo de esta enfermedad está relacionado con estos polimorfismos. Para ello, se seleccionaron un total de 326 muestras de ADN de pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, de los cuales 175 estaban diagnosticados de DMAE húmeda (casos) y 151 de cataratas (controles) y se analizaron los distintos genotipos mediante discriminación alélica con sondas Taqman®. Tras realizar el test chi-cuadrado para comprobar si existía una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05), se concluye que el desarrollo de degeneración macular asociada a la edad húmeda no va a estar relacionado con estos polimorfismos.
Medical Students Views on Continuous Assessment
Authors: Elfaki Omer Abdelgadir , Alamri Abdulaziz , Salih Karimeldin A , Alyafi Mahdi Abdullah Mohammad , Barkoot Maram Mubarak , Dkheelalla Iama Ayed Abdullah , Aseeri Arwa Abdullah , Alhadthi Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

The importance of assessment in the educational process is well emphasized in medical education. The system of continuous assessment (CA) used in the College of medicine, KKU can be described as frequent summative assessments in each course since there was no regular feedback. The CA adopted carries 50% of the total marks. Achievement of students in CA is critical to their pass or failure of any course. Excessive use of summative assessment was identified as problematic by some research work. But, at the same time a single terminal summative assessment is not recommended. The objective of this study was to examine the students' perception of learning and its relation with performance in CA.
Methods
The target population of this study was the 4th, 5th and 6th year students of the college of medicine, KKU. Non-probability convenience sampling was used aiming at 25% - 30% of the total. A correlational design was adopted. A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed. This was based on four constructs: performance on CA: 3 items, feedback: 6 items, students' perception of learning: 12 items and gender.
A 5-point Likert scale was used ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree to the stated statements in the instrument. The questionnaire was validated before use. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was computed using SPSS. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results and discussion
This is a cross sectional study where correlational design was used. The total number of respondents was 128 with 58% of them males and 42% females. The computed r for the perception of learning with performance in CA was .741 and for feedback with performance in CA was .766. This clearly indicated a significant positive correlation between them. Gender had no significant correlation with performance in CA. Although profound evidence does exist on the positive effect of CA on academic performance and motivation of students, this effect seems to be dependent on how the assessment system is used. In one experimental study, it was found that CA had positive effect on students' academic performance, learning and satisfaction compared to summative assessment. On the other hand, when continuous assessment was done in form of frequent summative assessment, the positive effect was lost and in fact a negative effect was evident.
Conclusion
The respondents viewed their perception of learning and feedback strongly and positively correlated with their performance in CA, while gender had no significant correlation
O NIEKTÓRYCH ASPEKTACH TRADYCJI CZYTANIA I PRZEKŁADANIA LITERATURY DLA DZIECI. NA KANWIE RECENZJI KSIĄŻKI JOANNY DYBIEC- -GAJER, ZŁOTA RÓŻDŻKA – OD KSIĄŻKI DLA DZIECI PO DRESZCZOWIEC RACZEJ DLA DOROSŁYCH
Authors: Pieciul-Karmińska Eliza 
Published: November 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest recenzji książki Joanny Dybiec-Gajer pt. Złota różdżka – od książki dla dzieci po dreszczowiec raczej dla dorosłych (Kraków 2017), w której autorka analizuje polską historię przekładu i recepcji światowego bestselleru Heinricha Hoffmanna pt. Struwwelpeter. W dalszej części artykułu zaprezentowany został nowy polski przekład dzieła Hoffmanna pt. Złota różdżka (Egmont 2017). Rezultaty badań Dybiec-Gajer stają się następnie asumptem do refleksji nad tradycją czytania i przekładania literatury dla dzieci w Polsce przy szczególnym uwzględnieniupolskojęzycznej recepcji baśni braci Grimm i związanego z nimi stereotypowego przekonania o ich szczególnym „okrucieństwie”.
l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility
Authors: Khaw Shen Chuen , Wong Zhen Zhe , Anderson Richard , Martins da Silva Sarah 
Published: November 2020

Fifteen percent of couples are globally estimated to be infertile, with up to half of these cases attributed to male infertility. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are known to damage sperm leading to impaired quantity and quality. Although not routinely assessed, oxidative stress is a common underlying pathology in infertile men. Antioxidants have been shown to improve semen analysis parameters by reducing ROS and facilitating repair of damage caused by oxidative stress, but it remains unclear whether they improve fertility. Carnitines are naturally occurring antioxidants in mammals and are normally abundant in the epididymal luminal fluid of men. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility. We searched ClinicalKey, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and ScienceDirect for relevant studies published from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020. Of the articles retrieved, only eight randomised controlled trials were identified and included. Analysis showed that carnitines significantly improve total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and sperm morphology, but without effect on sperm concentration. There was no demonstrable effect on clinical pregnancy rate in the five studies that included that outcome, although patient numbers were limited. Therefore, the use of carnitines in male infertility appears to improve some sperm parameters but without evidence of an increase in the chance of natural conception.

Lay summary
Although male infertility affects 1:15 men, there is no obvious reason in the vast majority of cases. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are highly active molecules containing oxygen and are natural byproducts of normal metabolism. However, high concentrations of ROS have been shown to damage sperm, which negatively impacts a couple’s ability to conceive. Carnitines are natural antioxidants found in the body that counterbalance the damaging effects of ROS. We conducted a comprehensive review of published studies to assess whether carnitine supplements are safe and effective in improving sperm quality and pregnancy rates. Our analysis shows that carnitines improve sperm swimming and production of normal-shaped sperm cells but do not affect sperm count or pregnancy rates, although there are only a few studies and scientific evidence is limited. Whilst it is possible that carnitines may benefit male infertility, more evidence is required regarding chances of pregnancy after carnitine therapy.
The Assessment of Immunomolecular expression and prognostic role of TLR7 among patients with Prostatitis
Authors: AlSaimary Ihsan Edan , Aldhaheri Hussein Naeem , ALMusafer Murtadha Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected , The molecular expression study include extracting DNA from blood of Prostatitis patients , Prostitis patients and Control group by using specific primers for conventional PCR and Real Time PCR , the amplification of all extracted DNA from blood samples was preform and confirm by using electrophoresis with (100volt/30min). PCR product was 149bp for TLR7 on agarose gel (1%), (50voltage for 1hour) with a presence 100%. The results of the present study indicate that the Toll like receptor alleles associated with risk of prostatitis.
Frontiers in hybrid and interfacial materials chemistry research
Authors: Guiton Beth S. , Stefik Morgan , Augustyn Veronica , Banerjee Sarbajit , Bardeen Christopher J. , Bartlett Bart M. , Li Jun , López-Mejías Vilmalí , MacGillivray Leonard R. , Morris Amanda , Rodriguez Efrain E. , Samia Anna Cristina S. , Sun Haoran , Sutter Peter , Talham Daniel R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Three Waves of the Charismatic Renewal in Réunion Island
Authors: Aubourg Valerie 
Published: November 2020

In Réunion Island, the Charismatic Renewal was introduced in 1974 by the Mauritian nun Marie-Lise Corson. It quickly became extremely successful against the Assemblies of God, a Pentecostal movement which had established itself on the island eight years earlier. And just like this other movement, it drew heavily on the “Creole religious system” in order to foster a seemingly reverse process of “eradicating” popular religiosity. It redefined the traditional system without discrediting it.
Beginning with the 1980s-1990s, growing religious globalization encouraged new communities originally set up in mainland France or Quebec to come to the island. The life of these outside groups intersected with that of the local assemblies and leaders, winning them over. This second period further corresponded to a normalization of the Renewal which brought its practices back into the Catholic fold.
A third phase started in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the creation of groups on the fringes of the diocesan Renewal that tended to re-emphasize the attributes of Creole identity and move closer to the neo-Pentecostal movement.
Thus, the study of the birth and development of the Charismatic Renewal in the French Indian Ocean département brings to light three waves. Drawing on ethnological research, this paper will analyse them by looking at the ways in which this transnational and transdenominational movement has interacted with local religious and cultural practices.
AFOLAYAN, Adeshina, Olajumoke, YACOB-HALISO and Toyin FALOLA (eds). Pentecostalism and Politics in Africa: African Histories and Modernities
Authors: Heuser Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AFOLAYAN, Adeshina, Olajumoke, YACOB-HALISO and Toyin FALOLA (eds).
Pentecostalism and Politics in Africa: African Histories and Modernities. Cham,
Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 452pp. Pbk. ISBN 9783319749112. €83.
La responsabilidad extracontractual en Colombia de la administración por vías de hecho
Authors: Angulo Marquinez Diana Maryury 
Published: November 2020

Tema y alcance: el presente artículo establece como objeto de investigación la responsabilidad extracontractual imputable a la Administración como consecuencia del ejercicio de funciones de policía judicial.
Características: la investigación propuesta cobra importancia por tratarse del análisis de circunstancias fácticas de común ocurrencia en el caso colombiano (i) por la alta conflictividad que presenta en Colombia la concentración de funciones de policía judicial en el Cuerpo Técnico de Investigación (cti) de la Fiscalía General de la Nación, el alto número de funcionarios y empleados vinculados a este órgano esencial en la estructura del órgano judicial encargado de la investigación de los hechos punibles; y (ii) por la incursión significativa del personal vinculado a conductas contrarias al orden jurídico en el ejercicio de las funciones asignadas.
Hallazgos: el fundamento legal de la teoría de la responsabilidad en el campo civil son las obligaciones, y son fuente de obligaciones los actos y los hechos jurídicos. Es de los hechos jurídicos ilícitos en los que la responsabilidad jurídica encuentra su sustento jurídico por cuanto obliga a quien ha ocasionado un perjuicio a reparar el daño cometido.
Conclusiones: el tránsito del Estado Absoluto al Estado de Derecho y posteriormente al Estado Social de Derecho trajo, entre otras consecuencias, la transformación del Estado irresponsable al Estado patrimonialmente responsable por los daños que sus agentes causan.
El ocaso de los conquistadores: los límites de la riqueza y la lealtad durante la rebelión de los encomenderos en el virreinato del Perú, 1544- 1548
Authors: Escudero Villanueva Alfredo Luis 
Published: November 2020

Se explica el fracaso de la rebelión de los encomenderos (1544-1548), liderada en el virreinato del Perú por Gonzalo Pizarro contra las autoridades reales, a partir del deterioro de la producción y la riqueza en esos años. Si bien el líder rebelde pudo inicialmente sostener una guerra, el deterioro de las encomiendas, asociado a la reducción de la mano de obra indígena, al empobrecimiento de la producción y sumado a la molestia de los vecinos y encomenderos por el impacto negativo que la guerra tenía sobre sus riquezas, erosionaron la autoridad de Gonzalo Pizarro y el movimiento rebelde.
Exploring contraception myths and misconceptions among young men and women in Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Mwaisaka Jefferson , Gonsalves Lianne , Thiongo Mary , Waithaka Michael , Sidha Hellen , Agwanda Alfred , Mukiira Carol , Gichangi Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMyths and misconceptions around modern contraceptives have been associated with low contraceptive uptake in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya in particular. Addressing persistent contraceptive knowledge gaps can make a significant contribution towards improved contraceptive uptake among young women. This qualitative study therefore sought to explore and understand young people’s knowledge of modern contraception and to identify their key concerns regarding these methods.MethodsWe used focus group discussions (FGD) with vignette and writing activities to explore key myths and misconceptions around the use of contraceptives. Six FGDs (three for young men and three for young women) were conducted with a total of 28 young women and 30 young men from Kwale County, Kenya. We included 10 discussants aged 18-24 per FGD, one FGD had 8 participants. Predefined codes reflecting the discussion guides and emerging issues in the FGDs were used to develop the thematic coding framework. Our analysis followed a pattern of association on the key preset themes focusing on myths and misconceptions around contraceptive use.ResultsResults are presented under four key themes: awareness of contraception, myths and misconceptions around contraception, males’ contraceptive narratives and young people’s preferred sources of contraceptives. Both men and women participants reported basic awareness of contraceptives. A mixture of biological and social misconceptions were discussed and included perceptions that modern contraception: jeopardized future fertility, could result in problems conceiving or birth defects, made women promiscuous, was ‘un-African’, and would deny couples their sexual freedom. Compared to female respondents in the study, young men appeared to be strong believers of the perceived socio-cultural effects of contraceptives. On preferred sources of contraceptives, respondents reported on two main sources, pharmacies and public hospitals, however, they could not agree on which one was suitable for them.ConclusionsThis study revealed the presence of a mixture of biological and social myths and misconceptions around contraception, with young men also strongly adhering to these misconceptions. The low level of contraceptive knowledge, particularly on contraceptive fears as revealed by the study demonstrate critical gaps in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge among young people. Improved SRH literacy to address contraceptives’ fears through appropriate and gender specific interventions to reach out to young men and women with factual SRH information may therefore contribute to increased uptake of SRH services including modern contraceptive methods.
Effect of Biomimetic Remineralization of Post Space Root Dentin on Push out Bond Strength of Fiber Post bonded with Self-adhesive Resin Cement (An in Vitro Study)
Authors: Al-Najajrah Afaf Mohamed , Halim Carl Hany , Nabil Omnia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Self-adhesive resin cement is highly recommended for cementation of fiber post systems, since it binds chemically with calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite particles without surface pretreatments of dentin. Unfortunately, chelating agents that are used to remove smear layer reduce the calcium ion content of superficial dentin. This study aims to evaluate the effect of remineralization of dentin on the bonding strength of fiber post using the biomimetic remineralizing agent CPP-ACP in vitro. Such a study will provide evidence on the possibility of improving bonding strength by increasing dentin mineral content. At the same time, it should be supported by further clinical studies since it remains in vitro.21 freshly extracted single rooted teeth will be treated endodontically, prepared for post space, and divided randomly into 3 groups: EDTA+CPP-ACP, EDTA + NaOCl, EDTA alone. Fiber post will be cemented and push out bond strength will be measured for all groups. The expected time of study is 6-8 months.