bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Caesarian Pelvic Abscess, A Rare Entity not to Miss
Authors: Chudal Deepa , Shrestha Sebak , Manandhar Rojina , Singh Sabita , Shrestha Abhimanyu , Singh Asha 
Published: December 2019

Post caesarean pelvic abscess is a rare complication which may present without typical features of endometritis. It should remain as one of the differential diagnoses in any patient with refractory puerperal fever. Despite the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, it still can occur causing significant maternal morbidity requiring a complicated course of management with the need of an intensive care unit, drainage of pus under ultrasound guidance or sometimes may need surgical re-exploration or even hysterectomy. We report a case of pelvic abscess in a young lady following caesarean section who presented with puerperal pyrexia. She did not respond to broad spectrum antibiotic treatment and underwent ultrasound-guided transabdominal drainage of the pelvic abscess following which she had rapid clinical improvement and good recovery.
Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Higher Secondary Level Students in Kathmandu District
Authors: Karmacharya Isha , Bhujel Kshitiz , Kumar Yadav Dipendra , Subedi Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Internet addiction is defined as an impulse control disorder, which is very similar to pathological gambling. It is typically characterized by psychomotor agitation, anxiety, craving depression, hostility, substance experience, preoccupation, loss of control, impairment of function, reduced decision-making ability, and constant online surfing despite negative effects on social and psychological welfare. An institutional based cross-sectional study with a sample comprising of 422 college students (15 – 19 age group) across Kathmandu District was conducted from November 9th – 23rd, 2014. Students were assessed with a structured questionnaire and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale, which was anonymously selfadministered. The collected data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20 and interpreted. This survey depicts internet penetration rate was 97.3%. The possible addicts/internet addict students were found to spent average of 34 hours per week, compared to the 11 hours of average users. Male students were more possible addicts/internet addicts than female students. This survey found statistically significant difference between average users and possible addicts/internet addicts based on their Family Characteristics which consisted of variables such as economic status (p = 0.001), within family relationship (p = 0.009), ownership of computer/laptop at home (p < 0.001) and loneliness level at home (p < 0.001). Based on the interpersonal relationship at college, there was no significant difference between average users and possible/ internet addicts except for the relationship with classmates (p = 0.024). Overall, the prevalence of internet addiction among higher secondary level students according to this survey was found to be 2.57. As a result of IAT scale, the prevalence of internet addiction among higher secondary level students of Kathmandu District according to this survey was found to be 2.57.
Key words: Adolescent, Internet addiction, Internet Addiction Test, Internet Penetration Rate, Nepal, Prevalence
Application of Social Cognitive Theory in Obesity Prevention: A Rapid Review
Authors: Adhikari Chiranjivi , Puri Avash , Thapa Dipty , Thapa Rebishna , Magar Sonam , GC Sunil 
Published: December 2019

Obesity, as a result of including the chronic positive energy balance, is associated with many chronic diseases. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, including in selected developing countries, from previous very low status. Association or causality of one or more constructs of social cognitive theory to prevent and control obesity is paramount for program interventions. We searched titles and abstracts using End Note Software and then approached original articles in databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) in English language published between Jan 1, 2000 and Jan 10, 2015. The articles included only when one or more of the constructs of social cognitive theory viz. reciprocal determinism, behavioral capability, observational learning, reinforcements, expectations and self-efficacy were examined quantitatively with obesity or overweight. The data from the articles were then summarized and interpreted. Out of 90 accessed and reviewed full-text articles, 22 included in the review, mostly of which studies were conducted in developing countries. The review results showed that intervening the constructs of social cognitive theory was found effective in preventing obesities including childhood obesities. In studies where media campaign was added with social cognitive theory, logistic regression results demonstrated that behavior change was greater among women. Self-efficacy and social support are the important constructs of social cognitive/learning theory to be effective and associated in obesity prevention, others remaining modest. It is suggested that the constructs are integrated with media campaign and ecological components when intervened.
Key words: Social, cognitive, obesity, overweight, behaviour, self-efficacy, physical.
Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay For Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Sah Ranjit , Raj Bhatta Dwij , Raj Ghimire Gokarna , Prasad Kandel Bhuwaneswor , Raj Tiwari Bishnu , Bahadur Sherchand Jeevan 
Published: December 2019

Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) urgently demands for simple, rapid and inexpensive methods of its detection for the effective treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly in low-income countries. This prospective study was carried out at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal, from November 2009 to May 2010 to evaluate nitrate reductase assay (NRA) efficacy for rapid determination of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. A total of 113 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested for four first line antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay and were compared with standard proportion method. Results were available in 7-14 days by NRA as compared to proportion method which generally takes 4-6 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of NRA were 98.1% and 100% for isoniazid, 95.1% and 98.6% for rifampicin, 91.4% and 94.9% for streptomycin, and 78.6% and 97.9% for ethambutol respectively. Agreement between NRA and proportion method were 99.1%, 97.3%, 93.8%, 95.6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. NRA is easier, inexpensive and reliable method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterum tuberculosis for isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The reduction in susceptibility testing time, and higher sensitivity and specificity of NRA method is of fundamental importance in detecting MDR-TB.
Key words: Drug susceptibility, MDR-TB, NRA, proportion method
Study of Intestinal Parasitosis among School Going Children in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Singh Khadka Kamal , Prasad Kaphle Hari , Gurung Krishna , Shah Yogendra , Sigdel Manoj 
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out in order to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school-going children in schools located in Pokhara, Nepal from November 2011 to January 2012. A total number of 100 stool samples were collected from children of ages 3 to 15 years. A questionnaire including the factors predisposing to parasitosis was filled up and parasitic examination was carried out by direct wet mount examination and concentration method using standard formal ether concentration technique. The prevalence rate was found to be 15%. Prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in girls (16%) than in boys (14%) and age group 8-12 years were found to be more suffering (17.3%) than other age groups. The occurrence of parasitic infection in symptomatic children was found to be 40% and 10% in asymptomatic children. The symptoms were found statistically significant with infestation of parasites. Intestinal infection was highest in Dalit students (20%) compared to other caste students. Prevalence of parasitic infection in other caste was 15% in Brahman, 9.5% in Newar and 9% in Chhetri. Among 15 positive cases 5 types of parasites were detected. The results showed Giardia lamblia to be the most common parasite. Occurrence of other intestinal parasites was Entamoeba histolytica (26.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (26.6%), Trichuris trichura (6.6%) and Hook worm (6.6%). The study concluded that intestinal parasitosis is still public health problem among school going children of Pokhara valley especially among Dalit students.
Key words: Intestinal parasitosis, Formal ether concentration, Children, Pokhara, Nepal
Property concepts in Basaá and the ontology of gradability across category
Authors: Hanink Emily Anne , Koontz-Garboden Andrew , Makasso Emmanuel-moselly 
Published: December 2019

Theories of gradability and comparison (e.g., Kamp 1975, Cresswell 1977 and many following) have been developed with data from familiar languages like English with adjectives at their core. In many languages, however, the main predicate in truth-conditionally equivalent constructions -- the property concept (PC) (cf. Dixon 1982) -- is of a different category: that of a nominal, which is predicated through possession cross-linguistically. Francez and Koontz-Garboden (2017) argue for a semantics for such nouns as mereologically and size-ordered sets of abstract portions, a treatment that keeps with their exhibition of mass noun behavior, with possessive predications and comparatives involving these nouns built on such a semantics. A semantics of this kind is not standardly assumed for adjectives and constructions built on them in familiar languages, however, raising the question whether the truth-conditional equivalence of the constructions with nouns in languages that have them and the constructions with adjectives in languages that have them should be model-theoretically represented, a position assumed by Menon and Pancheva (2014), or whether this equivalence should be captured in some other way. Based on data from modification, degree questions, subcomparatives, and equatives in Basaá (Bantu; Cameroon), we show that adjectives and the have+PC noun construction must in fact have a type-theoretically identical semantics.
The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 107 Schwarzschild Radii
Authors: Nakahara Satomi , Doi Akihiro , Murata Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masanori , Hada Kazuhiro , Asada Keiichi , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Kameno Seiji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We investigated the jet width profile with distance along the jet in the nearby radio galaxy NGC 1052 at radial distances between ∼300 and 4 × 107 Schwarzschild radii (R
S) from the central engine on both their approaching and receding jet sides. The width of jets was measured in images obtained with the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Space Observatory Programme, the Very Long Baseline Array, and the Very Large Array. The jet width profiles of receding jets are apparently consistent with those of approaching jets throughout the measuring distance ranges, indicating symmetry at least up to the sphere of gravitational influence of the central black hole. The power-law index a of the jet width profile (w
jet ∝ r

a
, where w
jet is the jet width, r is the distance from the central engine in the unit of R
S) apparently shows a transition from a ∼ 0 to a ∼ 1, i.e., the cylindrical-to-conical jet structures, at a distance of ∼1 × 104
R
S. The cylindrical jet shape at small distances is reminiscent of the innermost jets in 3C 84. Both the central engines of NGC 1052 and 3C 84 are surrounded by dense material, part of which is ionized and causes heavy free–free absorption.
Binary Stars in Upper Scorpius
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Briceño Cesar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To address the statistics of binary stars in the 8 Myr old Upper Scorpius (USco) star formation region, we conducted a speckle interferometric survey of 614 association members more massive than 0.4

(spectral types earlier than M3V) based on the list of Luhman et al. (2018). We resolved 187 pairs, 55 of which are new discoveries. Also using the published data and the Gaia DR2, a catalog of 250 physical binaries was produced. We carefully estimated detection limits for each target and studied binary statistics in the separation range from 0.″06 to 20″ (9–2800 au), as well as clustering at larger separations. The frequency of companions with mass ratios q > 0.3 in this separation range is 0.33 ± 0.04 and 0.35 ± 0.04 for early M- and solar-type stars, respectively, larger by 1.62 ± 0.22 and 1.39 ± 0.18 times compared to field stars of similar masses. The excess is produced mostly by pairs closer than 100 au. At separations from 100 to 104 au, the separation distribution and companion fraction resemble those of solar-type stars in the field. However, unlike in the field, we see a relative deficit of equal-mass binaries at separations of ∼500 au, compared to smaller and larger separations. The distribution of q depends on the separation, with a preference of larger q and a larger fraction of twins with q > 0.95 at smaller separations. The binary population of USco differs from binaries in the field in several ways and suggests that binary statistics is not universal.
An Information Theory Approach on Deciding Spectroscopic Follow-ups
Authors: Astudillo Javiera , Protopapas Pavlos , Pichara Karim , Huijse Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Classification and characterization of variable phenomena and transient phenomena are critical for astrophysics and cosmology. These objects are commonly studied using photometric time series or spectroscopic data. Given that many ongoing and future surveys are conducted in a time domain, and given that adding spectra provides further insights but requires more observational resources, it would be valuable to know which objects we should prioritize to have a spectrum in addition to a time series. We propose a methodology in a probabilistic setting that determines a priori which objects are worth taking a spectrum of to obtain better insights, where we focus on the insight of the type of the object (classification). Objects for which we query their spectrum are reclassified using their full spectral information. We first train two classifiers, one that uses photometric data and another that uses photometric and spectroscopic data together. Then for each photometric object we estimate the probability of each possible spectrum outcome. We combine these models in various probabilistic frameworks (strategies), which are used to guide the selection of follow-up observations. The best strategy depends on the intended use, whether it is obtaining more confidence or accuracy. For a given number of candidate objects (127, equal to 5% of the data set) for taking spectra, we improve the class prediction accuracy by 37% as opposed to 20% of a non-naive (non-random) best-baseline strategy. Our approach provides a general framework for follow-up strategies and can be extended beyond classification to include other forms of follow-ups beyond spectroscopy.
Physical Properties of the Star-forming Regions in the Interacting Galaxies NGC 3395/NGC 3396
Authors: Weistrop D. , Nelson C. H. , Angione R. , Bachilla R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report long-slit spectroscopy of the early major merger galaxies NGC 3395/NGC 3396. The spectra are consistent with those for star-forming galaxies, but there is some indication of LINER-like active galactic nucleus activity in the center of NGC 3396. The total star formation rate in the regions observed is 2.83 M
⊙ yr−1, consistent with estimates for the entire galaxies. The highest abundances are in the centers of the galaxies, with the abundances decreasing with distance. There is a correlation between high abundance and high ionization parameter, both of which can be attributed to the presence of massive stars. Modeling with SB 99 indicates the star-forming regions are younger than 10 Myr. There are 1000–2000 WNL stars in the system, along with several thousand O stars, consistent with the ages of the star-forming regions. The highest electron densities are found in young regions with high star formation rates. The electron temperatures are higher than results for non-interacting galaxies, which is probably due to shock waves produced by the galaxy–galaxy interaction, the outflow of gas from massive stars, and/or collisions between gas clouds in the galaxies. There is star formation in the bridge of material between the galaxies. These regions are among the youngest in the system and have low abundances, suggesting the gas was pulled from the outer parts of the galaxies. X-ray point sources, probably high-mass X-ray binaries, are associated with several star-forming regions.
Energy Origination and Triggering Mechanism of a Series of Homologous Confined Flares
Authors: Chen Guorong , Yan Xiaoli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using the Hα data from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope at the Fuxian Solar Observatory together with multiwavelength images and magnetograms obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we study the detailed process of three homologous confined flares in active region NOAA 11861 on 2013 October 12. All of the three flares occurred at the same location, with similar morphologies and comparable classes. Through analyzing the evolution of magnetic field and flow field, we found an emergence of magnetic flux and a strong shearing motion between two opposite polarities near the following sunspot. The magnetic flux and the average transverse field strength exhibited a decrease before each eruption and reached the lowest point at the onset of each eruption. By calculating the shearing and the emergence energy in the photosphere, we found that the integral of energy injected from the photosphere, for a few hours, could provide enough energy for the flares. The reconnection between different loops was observed in Hα images during the occurrence of each flare. These results suggest that the emerging magnetic flux and the shearing motion in the photosphere can inject the energy to the sheared magnetic loops and the energy was finally released via magnetic reconnection to power the solar flares.
Multivariate Analysis of BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Properties Using Skewed Distributions
Authors: Tarnopolski Mariusz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The number of classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), besides the well-established short and long ones, remains a debatable issue. It was already shown, however, that when invoking skewed distributions, the

and

spaces are adequately modeled with mixtures of only two such components, implying two GRB types. Herein, a comprehensive multivariate analysis of several multidimensional parameter spaces is conducted for the BATSE sample of GRBs, with the usage of skewed distributions. It is found that the number of extracted components varies between the examined parameter sets, and ranges from 2 to 4, with higher-dimensional spaces allowing for more classes. Monte Carlo testing implies that these additional components are likely to be artifacts owing to the finiteness of the data and to be a result of examining a particular realization of the data as a random sample, resulting in spurious identifications.
Partial Invariants, Large-scale Dynamo Action, and the Inverse Transfer of Magnetic Helicity
Authors: Rathmann Nicholas M. , Ditlevsen Peter D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The existence of partially conserved enstrophy-like quantities is conjectured to cause inverse energy transfers to develop embedded in magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence, in analogy to the influence of enstrophy in two-dimensional nonconducting turbulence. By decomposing the velocity and magnetic fields in spectral space onto helical modes, we identify subsets of three-wave (triad) interactions conserving two new enstrophy-like quantities that can be mapped to triad interactions recently identified with facilitating large-scale α-type dynamo action and the inverse transfer of magnetic helicity. Due to their dependence on interaction scale locality, invariants suggest that the inverse transfer of magnetic helicity might be facilitated by both local- and nonlocal-scale interactions, and is a process more local than the α-dynamo. We test the predicted embedded (partial) energy fluxes by constructing a shell model (reduced wave-space model) of the minimal set of triad interactions (MTI) required to conserve the ideal MHD invariants. Numerically simulated MTIs demonstrate that, for a range of forcing configurations, the partial invariants are, with some exceptions, indeed useful for understanding the embedded contributions to the total spectral energy flux. Furthermore, we demonstrate that strictly inverse energy transfers may develop if enstrophy-like conserving interactions are favored, a mechanism recently attributed to the energy cascade reversals found in nonconducting three-dimensional turbulence subject to strong rotation or confinement. The presented results have implications for the understanding of the physical mechanisms behind large-scale dynamo action and the inverse transfer of magnetic helicity, processes thought to be central to large-scale magnetic structure formation.
Hypnose et addictions
Authors: Roberts Dina 
Published: December 2019

Les patients bénéficiant de séances d’hypnose dans la prise en charge de leur addiction en rapportent de nombreux bénéfices. Cette expérience sensorielle et émotionnelle, co-créée avec le thérapeute, est vécue comme un moment agréable, de partage, avec un impact positif sur la relation thérapeutique. Les patients rapportent une amélioration de leur qualité de vie avec une sensation de bien-être, une amélioration thymique, un meilleur sommeil et une réduction de leur anxiété. Ils décrivent également l’impact de l’hypnose sur leur pratique addictive : certains parviennent à réorienter leur attention pendant les cravings, à changer leur rapport au produit, et plusieurs vont jusqu’à remplacer l’effet d’un produit par une séance d’autohypnose.
Un classique de l’addictologie : la 83 e lettre à Lucilius de Sénèque
Authors: Valleur Marc 
Published: December 2019

La 83 e lettre à Lucilius de Sénèque (1 av. J.-C.-65 ap. J.-C.) est considérée comme un classique de l’addictologie, notamment parce que le philosophe y pointe clairement la différence entre d’une part l’ivresse aiguë et ses conséquences, et d’autre part le fait d’être un ivrogne, un buveur invétéré. La lecture de ce texte permet de mettre en évidence les parallèles (souvent frappants) et les différences (très nettes) entre les discours de la philosophie antique et nos conceptions actuelles sur l’addiction : les discours stoïciens sur les dangers des passions préfigurent nos discours préventifs, mais les considérations sur l’habitude, seconde nature, n’annoncent guère la perception de la dépendance comme maladie.