bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildfire‐induced short‐term changes in a small mammal community increase prevalence of a zoonotic pathogen?
Authors: Ecke Frauke , Nematollahi Mahani Seyed Alireza , Evander Magnus , Hörnfeldt Birger , Khalil Hussein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNatural disturbances like droughts and fires are important determinants of wildlife community structure and are suggested to have important implications for prevalence of wildlife‐borne pathogens. After a major wildfire affecting >1,600 ha of boreal forest in Sweden in 2006, we took the rare opportunity to study the short‐term response (2007–2010 and 2015) of small mammal community structure, population dynamics, and prevalence of the Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) hosted by bank voles (Myodes glareolus). We performed snap‐trapping in permanent trapping plots in clear‐cuts (n = 3), unburnt reference forests (n = 7), and the fire area (n = 7) and surveyed vegetation and habitat structure. Small mammal species richness was low in all habitats (at maximum three species per trapping session), and the bank vole was the only small mammal species encountered in the fire area after the first postfire year. In autumns of years of peak rodent densities, the trapping index of bank voles was lowest in the fire area, and in two of three peak‐density years, it was highest in clear‐cuts. Age structure of bank voles varied among forest types with dominance of overwintered breeders in the fire area in the first postfire spring. PUUV infection probability in bank voles was positively related to vole age. Infection probability was highest in the fire area due to low habitat complexity in burnt forests, which possibly increased encounter rate among bank voles. Our results suggest that forest fires induce cascading effects, including fast recovery/recolonization of fire areas by generalists like bank voles, impoverished species richness of small mammals, and altered prevalence of a rodent‐borne zoonotic pathogen. Our pilot study suggests high human infection risk upon encountering a bank vole in the fire area, however, with even higher overall risk in unburnt forests due to their higher vole numbers.Open Research Badges

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://osf.io/6fsy3/.
Predicting the success of an invader: Niche shift versus niche conservatism
Authors: Sherpa Stéphanie , Guéguen Maya , Renaud Julien , Blum Michael G. B. , Gaude Thierry , Laporte Frédéric , Akiner Mustafa , Alten Bulent , Aranda Carles , Barre‐Cardi Hélène , Bellini Romeo , Bengoa Paulis Mikel , Chen Xiao‐Guang , Eritja Roger , Flacio Eleonora , Foxi Cipriano , Ishak Intan H. , Kalan Katja , Kasai Shinji , Montarsi Fabrizio , Pajović Igor , Petrić Dušan , Termine Rosa , Turić Nataša , Vazquez‐Prokopec Gonzalo M. , Velo Enkelejda , Vignjević Goran , Zhou Xiaohong , Després Laurence 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvasive species can encounter environments different from their source populations, which may trigger rapid adaptive changes after introduction (niche shift hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether postintroduction evolution is correlated with contrasting environmental conditions between the European invasive and source ranges in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. The comparison of environmental niches occupied in European and source population ranges revealed more than 96% overlap between invasive and source niches, supporting niche conservatism. However, we found evidence for postintroduction genetic evolution by reanalyzing a published ddRADseq genomic dataset from 90 European invasive populations using genotype–environment association (GEA) methods and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Three loci, among which a putative heat‐shock protein, exhibited significant allelic turnover along the gradient of winter precipitation that could be associated with ongoing range expansion. Wing morphometric traits weakly correlated with environmental gradients within Europe, but wing size differed between invasive and source populations located in different climatic areas. Niche similarities between source and invasive ranges might have facilitated the establishment of populations. Nonetheless, we found evidence for environmental‐induced adaptive changes after introduction. The ability to rapidly evolve observed in invasive populations (genetic shift) together with a large proportion of unfilled potential suitable areas (80%) pave the way to further spread of Ae. albopictus in Europe.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Pb(II) by NH2−SiO2/Ru(bpy)32+−UiO66 based Solid‐state ECL Sensor
Authors: Shan Xiaomeng , Pan Tao , Pan Yuting , Wang Wenchang , Chen Xiaohui , Shan Xueling , Chen Zhidong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of Pb(II) was developed based on Ru(bpy)32+ encapsulated UiO66 metal‐organic‐framework (Ru(bpy)32+−UiO66 MOF) and −NH2 group functionalized silica (NH2−SiO2). The NH2−SiO2 with large surface area provided an excellent platform for the ECL sensor. As numerous exposed carboxyl groups were present on UiO66 backbone, the Ru(bpy)32+−UiO66 could be steadily immobilized to NH2−SiO2 by forming amide bonds. Meanwhile, the introduced UiO66 MOF which used for the encapsulation of Ru(bpy)32+, significantly enhanced the ECL efficiency of the proposed sensor, as it possessed a large specific surface area and porosity for the loading of Ru(bpy)32+. Moreover, a high quenching effect on ECL intensity was obtained in the presence of Pb(II) in the electrolyte. Under the optimal conditions, the quenched ECL intensity showed a good linear relationship within Pb(II) concentration in the range from 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×102 μM, with a detection limit of 1.0×10−7 μM (S/N=3). The proposed sensor for Pb(II) detection was simple in operation, rapid in testing, stable in signal, and showed a good anti‐interference ability to some other metal ions. Besides, its application for detecting Pb(II) in a real sample was also investigated here. This work provides a potential platform for metal ions detection in environmental monitoring field.
Lipophilicity profiling of anthracycline antibiotics by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography–effects on cardiotoxicity and endotheliotoxicity
Authors: Matyjaszczyk‐Gwarda Karolina , Wójcik Tomasz , Łukawska Małgorzata , Chlopicki Stefan , Walczak Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccurate profiling of the lipophilicity of amphoteric compounds might be complex and laborious. In the present work the lipophilicity of 12 anthracycline antibiotics–four parent drugs: doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epidoxorubicin, and epidaunorubicin and eight novel formamidyne derivatives with attached morpholine, hexamethylenoimine or piperidine rings–was determined based on novel approach using MEEKC. In the second stage, lipophilicity was correlated with anthracycline toxicity towards two cell lines. In rat cardiomyoblast cell line (h9c2) a significant correlation between the logP and toxicity was found. The anthracycline lipophilicity was not correlated with toxicity towards the endothelial hybrid cell line (EAhy.926). In conclusion, the lipophilicity of anthracyclines seems to determine their toxicity towards cardiomyoblasts but not on endothelial cells, suggesting a different mechanism of anthracyclines intercellular transport or extrusion in cardiomyoblast and endothelial cells.
Conceptual design of a new thermal‐electric conversion device in lightweight concentrating solar thermal power system
Authors: Rui Xi , Zheng Fei , Zheng Tao , Ji Xiang , Wu Tian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConcentrating solar thermal power (CSTP) technology has become a hot issue in the present research because of its high conversion efficiency. However, traditional schemes cannot be widely applied due to their complex structure, low power density, and high cost. In view of this, based on a new type of lightweight cable mesh reflector structure and the Rankine cycle, a new conceptual design of thermal‐electric conversion device in CSTP system is proposed. The process of thermal‐electric conversion is actualized through smart and lightweight structural design; the performance estimation of the device is carried out through focusing performance analysis and thermodynamic analysis; the cycling feasibility is verified through multifield coupling simulation analysis. Compared with the existing thermal‐electric conversion devices, the device proposed in this paper has higher power‐to‐weight ratio. And the power generation system that combines the proposed device with the flexible cable net reflector has the characteristics of lightweight, portability, and small land area, which has a great significance for the popularization and application of distributed layout CSTP system.
Self‐ and informant‐reported cognitive functioning and awareness in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and very mild Alzheimer disease
Authors: Ryu Seon Young , Kim Ahro , Kim SangYun , Park Kyung Won , Park Kee Hyung , Youn Young Chul , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Jun‐Young , Lee Jun Hong , Jeong Jee Hyang , Choi Seong Hye , Han Hyun Jeong , Kim Semi , Na Seunghee , Park Misun , Yim Hyeon Woo , Yang Dong Won 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe present study examined self‐reports and informant reports of cognitive function and discrepancies between the two reporting methods in healthy controls (HC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and very mild Alzheimer disease (AD) using three questionnaires.MethodsThe study included a total of 300 individuals (mean age: 74.4 ± 5.7 y), including 130 HC, 70 SCD, 51 MCI, and 49 very mild AD patients. Self‐ratings and informant ratings of cognitive function were assessed using the Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire‐Cognition (KDSQ‐C), AD8, and Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ). Awareness of cognitive functioning was measured on the basis of the discrepancy scores between self‐reports and informant reports.ResultsGroup comparisons on questionnaire scores adjusting for age, education, and depressive symptoms showed that self‐reports were lowest in HC than other groups, with no differences between SCD and MCI groups. Informant reports were lower in SCD than in MCI, while discrepancy scores were higher in SCD than in MCI (P < .001 for KDSQ‐C and SMCQ; P = .076 for AD8). There were no differences in self‐reports, informant reports, and discrepancy scores between MCI and AD groups.ConclusionsThese results support the usefulness of informant‐reported cognitive functioning to classify MCI among elderly with subjective cognitive complaints. In addition, discrepancies between self‐reports and informant reports demonstrate that overestimation and underestimation of cognitive function may serve as a clinical indicator of SCD and MCI across the cognitive continuum, respectively.
Interpreting nested storm event suspended sediment‐discharge hysteresis relationships at large catchment scales
Authors: Vale Simon S. , Dymond John R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReducing soil erosion and sediment delivery into rivers is a major aim for land management in New Zealand. Therefore, it is important to identify areas of sediment generation and their relationship to in‐stream suspended sediment concentrations and water quality attributes. It is possible to infer and assess sediment sources and dynamics using storm event suspended sediment concentration‐discharge hysteresis shape and loop direction. Research in small catchments has achieved some success; however, research in larger (>103 km2) catchments has shown the inherent difficulty of interpreting hysteresis patterns at larger scales. In this paper, we use a nested, long‐term suspended sediment monitoring program across a large catchment (3,903 km2: Manawatū in New Zealand) to address these challenges. We evaluate the hysteresis patterns of five major tributaries (subcatchment areas 329–1,298 km2) of the Manawatū River together with the hysteresis patterns at the gauged catchment outlet. Hysteresis patterns of the Manawatū subcatchments can be characterized as predominantly clockwise, that is, high hysteresis index (HI) value. Larger storms (discharge >2 × 107 m3) increase the likelihood of clockwise hysteresis directions, whereas smaller storms (discharge <2 × 107 m3) are more likely to be anticlockwise. The link between suspended sediment concentration‐discharge hysteresis and subcatchment sediment sources becomes increasingly attenuated within the larger subcatchments. High antecedent discharge negatively correlates to HI values, suggesting conditions immediately before the storm have an influence on whether the catchment is “primed” or “exhausted” with available sediment. The different storm categories indicate that within this catchment, whereas hysteresis patterns vary due to the spatial origin of discharge and sediment to some extent, storm magnitude has a stronger impact on hysteresis dynamics than spatial origin.
Getting Better at Getting Better: Lessons From the National Writing Project
Authors: Eidman‐Aadahl Elyse 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
Skeletal muscle mTORC1 regulates neuromuscular junction stability
Authors: Baraldo Martina , Geremia Alessia , Pirazzini Marco , Nogara Leonardo , Solagna Francesca , Türk Clara , Nolte Hendrik , Romanello Vanina , Megighian Aram , Boncompagni Simona , Kruger Marcus , Sandri Marco , Blaauw Bert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle is a plastic tissue that can adapt to different stimuli. It is well established that Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling is a key modulator in mediating increases in skeletal muscle mass and function. However, the role of mTORC1 signalling in adult skeletal muscle homeostasis is still not well defined.MethodsInducible, muscle‐specific Raptor and mTOR k.o. mice were generated. Muscles at 1 and 7 months after deletion were analysed to assess muscle histology and muscle force.ResultsWe found no change in muscle size or contractile properties 1 month after deletion. Prolonging deletion of Raptor to 7 months, however, leads to a very marked phenotype characterized by weakness, muscle regeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy impairment. Unexpectedly, reduced mTOR signalling in muscle fibres is accompanied by the appearance of markers of fibre denervation, like the increased expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Both muscle‐specific deletion of mTOR or Raptor, or the use of rapamycin, was sufficient to induce 3–8% of NCAM‐positive fibres (P < 0.01), muscle fibrillation, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) fragmentation in 24% of examined fibres (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, reactivation of autophagy with the small peptide Tat‐beclin1 is sufficient to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and the appearance of NCAM‐positive fibres in Raptor k.o. muscles.ConclusionsOur study shows that mTOR signalling in skeletal muscle fibres is critical for maintaining proper fibre innervation, preserving the NMJ structure in both the muscle fibre and the motor neuron. In addition, considering the beneficial effects of exercise in most pathologies affecting the NMJ, our findings suggest that part of these beneficial effects of exercise are through the well‐established activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle during and after exercise.
A simple MALDI target plate with channel design to improve detection sensitivity and reproducibility for quantitative analysis of biomolecules
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Peng , Kästner Lars , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOvercoming the detrimental effects of sweet spots during crystallization is an important step to improve the quantitative abilities of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. In this study, we introduce MALDI targets, which exhibit a channel design to reduce sweet spot phenomena and improve reproducibility. The size of the channels was 3.0 mm in length, 0.35 mm in depth, and 0.40 mm in width, adjusted to the width of the implemented laser beam. For sample deposition, the matrix/sample mixture was homogenously deposited into the channels using capillary action. To demonstrate the proof‐of‐principle, the novel plates were used for the quantification of acetyl‐L‐carnitine in human blood plasma using a combined standard addition and isotope dilution method. The results showed that the reproducibility of acetyl‐L‐carnitine detection was highly improved over a conventional MALDI‐MS assay, with RSD values of less than 5.9% in comparison with 15.6% using the regular MALDI method. The limits of quantification using the new plates were lowered approximately two‐fold in comparison with a standard rastering approach on a smooth stainless‐steel plate. Matrix effects were also assessed and shown to be negligible. The new assay was subsequently applied to the quantification of acetyl‐L‐carnitine in human plasma samples.
Anomalous winter moisture transport associated with the recent surface warming over the Barents–Kara seas region since the mid‐2000s
Authors: Wang Sai , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Nath Debashis , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObservational evidences have shown that the increased water vapour and accompanying enhancement of downward infrared radiation (IR) can explain the abrupt warming of surface air temperature (SAT) over the Barents–Kara Seas during boreal winter. This study investigates anomalous moisture transport associated with the abrupt change of SAT since the mid‐2000s over the Barents–Kara Seas, since moisture transport contributes to the anomalous water vapour and downward IR. Results show that anomalous stationary moisture flux induces anomalous moisture convergence over the Barents–Kara Seas region, whereas the anomalous transient flux opposes the anomalous moisture convergence there. Hence, the anomalous stationary moisture transport is suggested to be responsible to the increased water vapour over the Barents–Kara Seas region. Further decomposition of the stationary moisture flux indicates that the anomalous moisture convergence associated with the change in atmospheric mean flow plays an important role in the increased water vapour on both interannual and decadal time scales. In addition, decrease in the synoptic‐scale eddy activity observed over northern Siberia may contribute to generation of the anomalous atmospheric mean flow via eddy feedback processes.
Nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus drive seasonal nutrient limitation of chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and diatoms in a hyper‐eutrophic reservoir
Authors: Andersen Isabelle M. , Williamson Tanner J. , González Maria J. , Vanni Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs influence algal community structure and function. The rates and ratios of N and P supply, and different N forms (e.g., NO3 and NH4), from external loading and internal cycling can be highly seasonal. However, the interaction between seasonality in nutrient supply and algal nutrient limitation remains poorly understood. We examined seasonal variation in nutrient limitation and response to N form in a hyper‐eutrophic reservoir that experiences elevated, but seasonal, nutrient inputs and ratios. External N and P loading is high in spring and declines in summer, when internal loading because more important, reducing loading N:P ratios. Watershed NO3 dominates spring N supply, but internal NH4 supply becomes important during summer. We quantified how phytoplankton groups (diatoms, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria) are limited by N or P, and their N form preference (NH4 vs. NO3), with weekly experiments (May–October). Phytoplankton were P‐limited in spring, transitioned to N limitation or colimitation (primary N) in summer, and returned to P limitation following fall turnover. Under N limitation (or colimitation), chlorophytes and cyanobacteria were more strongly stimulated by NH4 whereas diatoms were often equally, or more strongly, stimulated by NO3 addition. Cyanobacteria heterocyte development followed the onset of N‐limiting conditions, with a several week lag time, but heterocyte production did not fully alleviate N‐limitation. We show that phytoplankton groups vary seasonally in limiting nutrient and N form preference, suggesting that dual nutrient management strategies incorporating both N and P, and N form are needed to manage eutrophication.
Recent advances in the development of nanoparticles for multimodality imaging and therapy of cancer
Authors: Liu Mei , Anderson Redmond‐Craig , Lan Xiaoli , Conti Peter S. , Chen Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review explores recent work directed toward the development of nanoparticles (NPs) for multimodality cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy. In the growing era of precision medicine, theranostics, or the combined use of targeted molecular probes in diagnosing and treating diseases is playing a particularly powerful role. There is a growing interest, particularly over the past few decades, in the use of NPs as theranostic tools due to their excellent performance in receptor target specificity and reduction in off‐target effects when used as therapeutic agents. This review discusses recent advances, as well as the advantages and challenges of the application of NPs in cancer imaging and therapy.
Quantification of Polymer Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces During Synthesis
Authors: Hohlen Annika , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the synthesis and processing of polymers, a significant amount of polymer may be deposited on the heat transfer surfaces. This deposit is unwanted and is usually named fouling. This study deals with the fouling behavior of a vinyl acetate/vinyl ester copolymer during emulsion polymerization and compares this to fouling of an already reacted vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer dispersion. Besides the state of polymerization, also the influence of the wall temperature is investigated. The experiments are performed on cooled and heated surfaces. The deposition process is quantified by the mass‐based fouling resistance, the height of the fouling layer, and the surface coverage using a digital microscope. It is found that the state of polymerization and the temperature gradient between wall and bulk exert a strong influence on the fouling behavior, especially on the structure of the fouling layer.