bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary urban environments - framework conditions and solutions for sustainable short-term pop-up living systems
Authors: Bertino G , Fischer T , Österreicher D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In a constantly changing world, cities are becoming a focal point for housing in times of social and political crisis. Subsequently, the need for temporary living systems, particularly in urban environments, is expected to increase significantly. To address these urgent demands, it is important to find affordable, flexible, sustainable and reusable concepts, easy to construct and rapid to implement, that can fulfil a range of requirements in order to be sustainable from an environmental, economic and social perspective. In an interdisciplinary research project innovative and sustainable models for pop-up living systems in urban environments are developed. Methods from urban planning, architecture and building systems technologies are interlinked to resource related disciplines such as energy optimization, green technologies, waste management, water supply, wastewater treatment and social and political sciences. Diverse modelling approaches are integrated into a cross-disciplinary approach to provide potential scenarios for pop-up environments. This paper describes the required framework conditions and presents potential solutions for temporary environments for specific scenarios, aiming at delivering answers to the question of how temporary housing can rapidly fulfil short-term living needs in a sustainable and integrative manner.
Developing a heating and cooling demand prediction model for residential buildings in the cold climate zone of China
Authors: Li J , Yang W , Fang T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The performance-oriented design method requires that architects should have the ability to calculate the energy performance of the design solutions and improve the design scheme accordingly. However, energy simulation is complex and time-consuming, which hinders architects to perform the optimization.
The study aims to deduce a forecasting model and develop a simple tool for the energy demand of high-rise residential buildings in the cold climate zone of China. Firstly, a representative of residential building in cold climate zone was selected as the prototype. Then sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify significant variables. Finally, Multiple Linear Regression and Multilayer Perceptron methods were used to obtain the prediction models. The tool, based on statistical analysis and without modelling interface, is easy to assist architects to calculate the heating and cooling demand at schematic design stage.
Evaluating Regional Strategies towards a Circular Economy in the Built Environment
Authors: Zabek M , Wirth M , Hildebrand L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In particular relation to the UN 2030 Agenda for sustainable development goal No. 12 (“responsible production and consumption”), the implementation of a circular economy into the building industry has special potentials. More circular flows of material and information can simultaneously decrease resource extraction, fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution, while allowing new business models. However, this chance still remains largely neglected by decision makers. In order to transform this situation, it is necessary to understand and re-weave the entire value chain – requiring new collaborations between various stakeholder groups. In a three-year project that was dedicated to setting up a strategy for the implementation of circularity in the building sector within a region in Germany, stakeholders were involved to work towards circular value creation beyond waste management. The project proceeded in three dimensions: 1) Action-oriented networking and strategy making, 2) Conceptualizations and implementation steps for a pilot location that makes high-value products from building waste, 3) Identification of action items and project initiations. Based on a stakeholder analysis, this paper reflects upon the entire process, with a focus on qualitative information flows. The paper concludes with a critical view regarding the stakeholder network method of the project and its efficiency in implementing the circular economy on a regional scale.
Mapping the spatial distribution of the effects of urban traffic congestion: methodological exploration using web based services
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Gil Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sustainable transport systems are a necessary requirement to achieve efficient economic performance, enhance urban quality of life and diminish environmental costs. Congestion, a negative externality of mobility, is responsible for urban pollution, inefficiency and has adverse effects over individuals facing this problem. For these reasons, transport and city planning agencies have developed interests in defining and measuring transportation congestion. Although, different definitions and metrics have been used, congestion measurements are found aggregated at a city level or for particular road segments. This study proposes a methodology that produces information from a web traffic service to map traffic congestion within an urban area. The method is simple and generalizable enough to be adopted in different urban areas. This paper presents the analysis of four European cities (Amsertdam, Glasgow, Goteborg and Lisbon) and show that the conclusions are consistent with the results obtained from internationally recognized organizations such as INRIX and TomTom.
Screening for hazardous chemical content in certified buildings: a comparison of Nordic certification systems
Authors: Lewis Martha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Construction products contributing to the chemical pollution can be problematic in all life-cycle phases of a product, prompting the question: are building certification systems supporting the reduction of substances of very high concern? This paper looks at major certification systems in use in Nordic countries: LEED, BREEAM-UK, -SE, -NO, and DGNB and their scope of chemical screening of building products, to assess whether the EU’s Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) are effectively screened in sustainable building projects. Of EU’s SVHCs documented in building materials, as evidenced by usage data in the Nordic Substance database, what percentage are effectively curtailed or prohibited in certified building projects? There are great variations in how a building certification system addresses the use of hazardous chemicals in building products. Chemical screening in certification systems is not comprehensive and existing screening in many cases is not aimed at the hazardous chemicals, which are actually in use in the European building industry. To address the burgeoning chemical pollution, the industry requires transformation to focus on elimination of hazardous chemicals in building products. Certification systems need to support this with screening that is more relevant, in short a screening that targets the most pernicious, as well as the most prevalent SVHCs found in the building industry in an approach that entails is a realistic work process for building industry consultants. Building products must have content declarations to provide the transparency necessary for this evaluation, allowing consultants as well as manufacturers to increase awareness of problematic substances and focus on healthier alternatives.
Internal thermal environment and futureproofing of a newly built, naturally ventilated UK school
Authors: Stephen J , Bourikas L , Teli D , Bahaj A S , Congreve R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research indicates that school children have lower comfort levels than adults and this exacerbates the challenge of tackling the risks of summer overheating in schools without resorting to air conditioning. UN SDG 13 calls for climate action to strengthen the resilience of our cities and reduce the impact of climate change. In this work, a modern, naturally ventilated school in Southampton, UK was used to evaluate single, “hard”, passive retrofit measures and “soft”, building management solutions that could increase the wellbeing of students and reduce current and future demand for cooling. The school was selected as it represents the current standardised design guidance for schools released in 2012 by the Department of Education (DfE). The research presents air temperature observations collected during the summer of 2015. Dynamic thermal modelling was undertaken to evaluate passive retrofit and “soft” solutions to reduce the overheating risk. The model was validated with temperature data collected from the school classrooms. The results indicate that (a) such school buildings have high likelihood of overheating, based on children’s comfort temperatures and (b) passive retrofits focused on shading and ventilation could help to reduce the classroom temperature when required. It is recommended that “soft” adaptive solutions will prove effective to reduce future air conditioning demand, but this will require a radical change in established practices. Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will require to rethink and redesign urban living and city infrastructures.
Indoor air pollutants, comfort parameters and their interactions in the context of sustainable development of the built environment
Authors: Vasile Vasilica , Ion Mihaela , Dima Alina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the frame of the 2030 Agenda, adopted also by Romania, Good Health and Well-being for people is the third of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) settled by the United Nations General Assembly. Because human health concerns are in the core of the mission of sustainability, health and sustainable development are strongly interlinked. Numerous worldwide studies specify that many health problems are associated with the air pollutants and their interactions with comfort parameters. Therefore, the approaches towards more sustainable buildings or construction products must take into consideration potential human exposure to pollutants and associated health effects. Our studies were conducted in various type of spaces -offices, residential and educational, by the monitoring of the pollutants’ concentrations and the comfort parameters. Regarding to the CO2 concentration, it was observed that the recorded average values were between 888 and 1668ppm, in offices, between 1053 and 1389 ppm, in residential, and between 1720 and 4302ppm, in educational spaces, in all cases above the limit of 800ppm. The average values of CO concentration varied between 0.35 and 3.90 ppm, under the limit of 50 ppm. It was observed that the temperature and relative humidity have a determinant influence on the level of monitored pollutants.
Hierarchical Structure Analysis on Health Determinants of Living Environment Defining Social Capital
Authors: Miyazaki Emiri , Ando Shintaro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Japan, healthcare and nursing care expenses for the elderly are increasing year by year, and extending healthy life expectancy is therefore desirable. Social capital (SC) is a measure of the degree of social interaction and has been gaming attention as a health-related Previous studies have shown that few people have poor subjective health in areas with good SC scores. Thus, a living environment that fosters SC might facilitate the improvement and maintenance of health status. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of living, environment, such as facilities and community outreach efforts, on nursing care risk as mediated by SC. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 3 weeks from September to October 201S.Panicipants were adults in three elementary’ school districts in Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture. Japan Survey contents included SC, neighborhood environment, residential environment, and health status. A total of 7,220 questionnaires were distributed, And 2,053 were correctly completed (valid response rate = 28.4%). Of respondents over 65 years of age, 26.8% were at high risk of needing long-term care. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the relationship between SC and the risk of requiring long-term care / support and The relationship between SC and living environment. The analysis model considered factors including age. sex. educational attainment, and length of residence in the area. The odds ratio (OR) of requiring long-term care for low SC compared with high SC was 1.91 (p <0.01). and the OR of requiring long-term care for living environment factors ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 (p <0.01). Finally, path analysis was performed. The determination coefficient for the risk of long-term care was 0.19. In summary, it became clear that among the factors of the living environment, the place of residence of the facility’ affects the SC, either directly or through community components.
Estimation of the health effects and economic benefits of an improved residential environment
Authors: Kamata T , Kawakubo S , Murakami S , Ikaga T , Nozawa S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Costs are a barrier to improving residential environments during new construction and renovation. Previous research suggests that improving residential environments may contribute to improved health. If such health effects are quantified and recognized as economic benefits (lower medical costs and income from absenteeism), increased investment in residential improvements can be expected. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the benefits of improving health through improvement of residential environments considering individual and household attributes. The effects of residential environment improvements were quantified at the individual and household levels. Data were collected via nationwide surveys of more than 45,000 residents in 15,000 households in Japan. Health status was compared between good and poor residential environments. Results showed that an improved residential environment contributed to reducing the likelihood of the onset of cardiovascular, allergic and other diseases. The annual economic benefit of improving the thermal insulation of windows for a man living alone was 7,000 JPY for example. This study contributes to promoting residents’ health by quantifying the economic benefits of the health effects of good-quality residential environments, which then contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 11.
‘Do It Yourself’ and ‘digital fabrication’ for new way of founding life
Authors: Parisi N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In architecture, ‘Do It Your Self’ has always been a prerogative of those who need to build a home or a place dedicated to a life necessity with few resources. Even today, as in the past, self-construction is applied in very poor contexts and is implemented using traditional techniques and technologies. Today, however, the new dimension of Digital Fabrication offers a completely new scenario in architecture, including the world of ‘Do It Your Self’. Machines and robots can enhance the possibilities available to those who want to get involved in it. Several companies innovate production processes by connecting the construction traditions of the past with new digital technologies. Young communities in search of self-determination feel the need to be personally involved in the regeneration and foundation of their living environment. Thus, the designer becomes a technical process consultant in the production and an animator of the community that builds its own architecture. Through four examples applied in the four editions of the International Summer Academy ‘Self Made Architecture’, the FabLab team of the Polytechnic University of Bari proposes a new approach to lead the new urban and peri-urban communities to found again their own places of life. The latest experimentation concerns the fourth edition still in the planning phase focused on the application of additive printing in architecture through the use of a mixture of raw earth. This technological advancement can represent a major resource to root the ‘Do It Yourself’ approach in the processes of Self-determination of local communities. This project results from the collaboration of the FabLab Poliba group with the development and research department of WASP, an Italian leading company in 3D printing, and from the scientific collaboration between the Polytechnic University of Bari and the Faculty of Architecture of Damascus.
Disruptive Innovation. A redesigned strategy for building and managing sustainable communities: the Walas approach
Authors: Iuliis Manila De 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The extreme complexity of urban contexts, the dilemma of the unpredictability of rapid change, and the increasing loss of self-orientation are just some of the challenges mankind faces in the Anthropocene era. To cope with it, no isolated action or usual strategy can help. Disruption is required. Social inequalities, degradation of urban areas, and poverty are just some of the aspects of urban fragmentation that, together with the ongoing exploitation of environmental resources, have led to an emergency that we cannot ignore any longer. To reconnect the threads and to guide cities towards a sustainable future we need to abandon traditional approaches and change our reference point.

Method. This paper focuses on disruptive innovation as necessary to redesign a strategy that will help cities survive the Anthropocene era by providing an example of good practice in urban regeneration and community redevelopment: the Walas approach. By introducing disruptive, gradual, flexible business models, through the combination of social and technological innovation, the paper demonstrates that it is concretely possible to reconnect cities to citizens, to build inclusive, vibrant and safe communities in these uncertain times.

Results. The implementation and application of a disruptive urban regeneration approach to projects have enabled World of Walas to achieve satisfactory results in Europe where degraded urban areas have been turned into vibrant, inclusive and safe communities.

Conclusions. Sustainable communities can be achieved only through collaboration, dialogue, and the imperative combination of the private and the public sectors. Starting with the redefinition of priorities, using a gradual, disruptive and holistic approach, the regeneration of degraded urban areas can become the turning-point for the sustainable development of cities.
The Hub of Hope: Realising an Evacuation Hub at Pula Village, Philippines (Practitioner paper)
Authors: Lee Sharon , Lee HY , Chan KY 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A group of Arupians formed a collaboration with Hong Kong-based NGO in contributing to the less privileged East Asia community at Pula Village, Philippines. There is an urgent need for a safe space during the severe typhoons throughout the year. The village currently do not have access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities. The Hub of Hope is birthed in response to those needs. Apart from meeting the basic physiological needs by providing a shelter, safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities to improve hyenine and cleanliness, the Hub is the village’s central space for social happenings. Hosting activities such as weddings, schooling and medical treatment. It is an incubator promoting health, well-being and self-actualisation, contributing to SDG Goal 3 and 6. Humancentric approach to research and design was taken to best suit the local culture, ways of life and demographic. With site survey on geological and existing housing conditions; interviews with villagers; analysis and research on local construction methodology and locally sourced building materials. The Hub adopt a modular design using local materials and maximising the use of local skills and traditional crafts. Passive designs were adopted, using CFD analysis to maximise natural ventilation performance, shading and fenestration to optimise solar heat gain and daylighting performance. Off-grid renewable energy system is also integrated into the Hub for resilience purposes. As the design can be easily replicated by the villagers, the Hub opens the opportunity for villagers to use the same method in building for themselves resilient homes against adverse weather of the region. Creating a self-sustainable solution for the community in line with SDG Goal 11. Eventually, the Hub can serve solely as a community centre. This Hub of Hope is a catalyse, opening opportunities to improve the quality of life and inspiring hope for the community.
Renovation rate as a tool towards achieving SDGs 11 and 13
Authors: Gepts B , Nuyts E , Verbeeck G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The building stock being a huge energy consumer, is an important sector for SDG 11 on sustainable cities and SDG 13 on climate action. Therefore, retrofitting the existing buildings is a priority for most EU countries. Long term goals for the energy performance of buildings are premised. However, to be able to monitor the progress and feasibility to achieve the goals in 2050, knowledge of the actual renovation rate is indispensable. Since years an overall renovation rate of 1% for the EU is communicated. This number is withheld in several countries to stimulate retrofitting (Belgium, Italy, The Netherlands). However, it is not clear how this renovation rate reflects the actual renovation rate and the actual energy savings because accurate knowledge on this is lacking in most countries. This paper focusses on elaborating our knowledge of the renovation rate by analysing its definition and providing a possible, more accurate calculation method. A literature study shows that there is no commonly used definition of ‘renovation rate’ in the EU. Instead different approaches are being used, often depending on available data. A case study for Flanders, Belgium reconstructs the communicated renovation rate of 0.7% to 1% by means of a database of the renovation activity of approximately 6000 homeowners (2012-2018). The used survey concept shows that the actual renovation rate exceeds 1% and is able to provide extra insights on the energy renovation depth in Flanders. In a next step this could be extended to calculate the actual energy savings due to renovations. As this survey concept can easily be adopted in other EU countries, it could form the base of an aligned monitoring of the progress towards a sustainable built environment.