bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of fluoroquinolones and risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a retrospective cohort study using two nationwide representative claims databases
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Wang Jiun-Ling , Wang Grace Hsin-Min , Huang Yu-Yun , Chen Ming-Ching , Dong Yaa-Hui , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAlthough biological plausibility suggests that fluoroquinolones could lead to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) through collagen degradation, real-world evidence on their relative risk of RRD is inconsistent, with limited information on absolute risk estimates.ObjectiveThe study aimed to estimate the RRD risk associated with fluoroquinolones versus other antibiotics with similar indications (i.e., comparison antibiotics).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing claims data from adult patients who initiated fluoroquinolones or amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam or extended-spectrum cephalosporins using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2009–2018) and the United States IBM MarketScan Database (2011–2020). Patients were followed for up to 90 days after cohort entry. For each country’s data, after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching, we used Cox regression models to estimate RRD risks, presented with hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We used random-effects meta-analyses to derive pooled HRs across both counties.ResultsOf 24,172,032 eligible patients comprising 7,944,620 insured Taiwanese (mean age [SD], 46 [18] years; 45% male) and 16,227,412 United States commercially insured individuals (mean age [SD], 47 [16] years; 40% male), 10,137,468 patients initiated fluoroquinolones, 10,203,794 initiated amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam, and 3,830,770 initiated extended-spectrum cephalosporins. After PS matching, similar RRD incidence rates were observed between fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam users (0.33 [95% CI, 0.19–0.56] versus 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26–0.46] per 1,000 person-years), yielding an HR of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.76–1.23). The RRD incidence rates were also similar comparing fluoroquinolones to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (0.36 [95% CI, 0.22–0.57] versus 0.34 [95% CI, 0.22–0.50] per 1,000 person-years; HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.92–1.27]). The comparative safety profiles remained consistent by country, various patient characteristic (e.g., diabetes or ophthalmic conditions), type of fluoroquinolones, follow-up duration, or treatment setting.ConclusionThis large-scale study, leveraging real-world data from Taiwan and the United States, showed a low and comparable RRD risk among adults who initiated fluoroquinolones or other antibiotics with similar indications. This suggests that the RRD risk should not deter the use of fluoroquinolone when clinically indicated.
Safety evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate: a pharmacovigilance analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system data
Authors: Su Luyang , Xu Ren , Ren Yanan , Zhao Shixia , Liu Weilan , Du Zeqing 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundMedroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic progestogen, is extensively used for the treatment of various conditions, including contraception, irregular menstruation, functional uterine bleeding, and endometriosis. However, like all pharmaceutical agents, MPA is associated with adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with MPA in by analyzing real-world data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). By providing a comprehensive assessment of the safety profile of MPA, this study seeks to support informed clinical decision-making.MethodsData covering the period from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2024 were collected from the FAERS database. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using several statistical methods, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM). Additionally, time-to-onset (TTO) analysis was employed to quantify the signals of the MPA-associated AEs.ResultsA comprehensive dataset comprising 21,035,995 AE reports was compiled. Among these, 3,939 women reported using MPA as a contraceptive method. The reports covered 27 system organ classes (SOCs) and 25 high-frequency AE signals. Notably, significant AEs were identified, some of which were not previously detailed in the medication’s prescribing information. Unforeseen significant AEs such as unintended pregnancy (n = 623; ROR, 6.65; ROR025, 6.1; χ2, 2,482.38; PRR, 6.41; EBGM, 5.69; EBGM05, 5.29), bone pain (n = 35; ROR, 13.78; ROR025, 9.4; χ2, 311.2; PRR, 13.75; EBGM, 10.59; EBGM05, 7.69), gait disturbance (n = 34; ROR, 2.82; ROR025, 1.99; χ2, 37.31; PRR, 2.88; EBGM, 2.7; EBGM05, 2.02), dental caries (n = 15; ROR, 23.16; ROR025, 12.32; χ2, 204.26; PRR, 23.14; EBGM, 15.23; EBGM05, 8.98), decrease in blood pressure (n = 15; ROR, 3.88; ROR025, 2.29; χ2, 29.35; PRR, 3.88; EBGM, 3.63; EBGM05, 2.33), and osteonecrosis (n = 9; ROR, 23.44; ROR025, 10.36; χ2, 123.67; PRR, 23.43; EBGM, 15.35; EBGM05, 7.75) were identified as AEs that were not previously outlined in the prescribing information of the medication.ConclusionOur findings align with clinical observations, highlighting the emergence of previously unreported AE signals associated with MPA and their demographic and TTO characteristics. Further pharmaco-epidemiological studies are required to substantiate these observations.
Disrupting shadow in the prothoracic gland induced larval development arrest in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wu Mian-Zhi , Fan Shu-Ting , Zhang Yuan-Chen , Tan Jin-Fang , Zhu Guan-Heng 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are the central regulating hormones of insect development. The timing of their secretion usually leads to developmental transitions.MethodsThe developmental transitions were evaluated via the starvation treatment and the expressions of two key metamorphosis inducing factor in Spodoptera frugiperda. Then, the main endocrine organs, including the brain–corpora cardiacum–corpora allatum and prothoracic gland, were sampled from L4-24 h and L6-24 h larvae for the RNA-seq analysis. Additionally, the critical rate-limiting enzyme of 20E synthesis, shadow, was knocked down to mimic the downregulation of 20E synthesis in the late larval instar.ResultsThe critical weight (CW), when JH titer declines for metamorphosis, was determined be approximately L6-24 h in S. frugiperda. However, the expression of the pupal specifier Broad-Complex and the potential “metamorphosis initiation factor” Myoglianin showed a stepwise increase between L4-24 h and L6-24 h, suggesting that the developmental transitions may occur earlier. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that both 20E and JH synthesis enzymes were downregulated at the CW. In addition, strong tendencies in the expression pattern were detected among the lists of transcripts. Further knockdown of shadow induced larval development arrest and subsequent mortality, indicating that disrupting 20E synthesis before the CW is lethal. Besides, JH synthesis enzyme was down-regulated.ConclusionThe downregulation of 20E synthesis enzymes at the CW may represent a carefully regulated event, suggesting a deceleration of larval growth and the initiation of some underlying physiological changes to set the stage for metamorphosis.
Psychological stress and influence factors in elderly patients with mild coronary heart disease: a longitudinal follow-up study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Yunwei , Wu Qiyong , Xie Qiaotao , Xu Zhimin , Yang Xiuhui , Luo Yashuang , Wan Lingshan , Yang Ya , Wang Yibo , Ding Hansheng 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionEffective health management is crucial for elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study applied a Psycho-Cardiology model to CHD management, aiming to assess psychological stress among patients with mild CHD and identify potential influencing factors to provide substantiating evidence.MethodsThis longitudinal study was based on a 9-year follow-up program of a community population in Shanghai, China. A total of 44,552 elderly people were included, with the average age being 74.9 (±10.35) years, and the proportion of female participants being 56.5%. To evaluate and compare the effect of the disease, individuals were categorized into four groups based on their medical records from the past 6 months, these being (I) a CHD with other chronic diseases group, (II) a CHD only group, (III) non-CHD patients with one (or more) chronic disease group, and (IV) non-patient group. Demographic characteristics, sleep quality and health status of each participants were collected using the Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used for statistic analysis.ResultsDemographic characteristics differed significantly between the three chronic disease groups (Groups I, II and III) and the non-patient group. Participants in the CHD group reported poorer sleep quality, worse health status, and a more rapid health decline when compared to those with other chronic diseases. Factors such as age, gender, education level, disease duration, and family support were identified as potential influences on the self-reported subjective sleep quality in patients with mild CHD. While age, education level, living status and family support were potential factors influencing the self-assessed health status in participants without CHD (Groups III and IV).ConclusionPatients with mild CHD may experience lower subjective sleep quality, health status scores, and a faster health-sleep decline, indicating elevated psychological stress. Higher education levels offer a protective effect against this stress, highlighting the importance of psycho-emotional interventions and educational strategies. Additionally, it is important to prioritize early intervention for newly diagnosed cases to aid in illness acceptance. These findings provide crucial insights for managing patients with mild CHD and inform the efficient allocation of healthcare resources.
Comparison of the effects of in-person and internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction on the burden of psychosomatic symptoms in nurses
Authors: Al-Badiri Muhmmad Qabil Jamil , Ghadirian Fataneh , Zahednezhad Hosein , Boozari Mahsa , Hayati Mahsa-Sadat 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThere is some evidence comparing the efficacy of telehealth to in-person mental health care, but there is limited research specifically comparing these modalities in nurses. The study aimed to compare the effects of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Internet-delivered Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (iMBSR) on burden of psychosomatic symptoms of nurses working at Al-Alhamzeh general hospital, Aldiwaniyeh, Iraq.MethodsThe study was a semi-experiment study with a pre-posttest design on 72 registered nurses. Subjects were randomly allocated in group A, in-person MBSR and group B, internet-delivered MBSR. Intervention in two groups was held at 8 weekly sessions. The data collection instrument included sociodemographic, Patient Questionnaire Health-15 (PHQ-15), and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24 by descriptive and non-parametric inferential tests.ResultsThe study found that 50% of the nurses in both groups reported mild somatic symptoms, and 40% reported moderate symptoms, with the majority showing no signs of mental distress. A more significant reduction in GHQ scores compared to PHQ scores was observed from pre-to post-intervention. Notably, the online MBSR group showed a significant decrease in GHQ scores, both between groups (p = 0.04) and within the online MBSR group itself (p = 0.02), highlighting the greater impact of the intervention in this group.ConclusionThe study highlights the positive effects of both in-person and online MBSR interventions on reducing depressive symptoms and improving mental health outcomes among nurses. Online MBSR, in particular, shows promise in addressing medically unexplained symptoms and enhancing mental well-being.
A measure of modifiable lifestyle factors shaping subjective cognitive reserve in the general population
Authors: Moret-Tatay Carmen , Tormos Muñoz José María , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study examined the psychometric properties of a newly developed scale for measuring subjective cognitive reserve (SCR) across multiple domains, including nutrition, physical condition, sleep, cognition, willingness to learn, socialization, general health, and life plan.MethodThe relationship between SCR scores and other established measures of cognitive reserve and subjective cognitive decline was also explored. A sample of 402 healthy participants aged 18 to 79 years took part in the study.ResultsThe SCR scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including internal consistency and construct validity, supporting the theoretical model of perceived cognitive reserve. Convergent validity was confirmed through a positive correlation between SCR scores and resilience (BRCS) as well as with other cognitive reserve measures, indicating consistency in evaluating cognitive reserve across various instruments. Furthermore, discriminant validity was demonstrated by a significant negative correlation between SCR scores and subjective cognitive decline, suggesting that individuals with higher cognitive reserve experience lower levels of perceived cognitive decline. No significant relationship was found between SCR scores and chronological age, further supporting the construct validity of the scale by showing that cognitive reserve is influenced by dynamic factors beyond age.ConslusionThe findings highlight the potential of the SCR scale as a reliable and valid tool for assessing cognitive reserve and its protective role in cognitive health and well-being over time.
Contrasting characteristics of psychosis in outpatients with borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia at a tertiary care institution
Authors: Hernández-Velázquez Mario , Díaz-Anzaldúa Adriana , Arango Iván , Rosel-Vales Mauricio , Celada-Borja César 
Published: December 2024

Summary and objectivesBorderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia can present with psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations. This study, conducted at a tertiary care center, compared the characteristics of psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with BPD and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, as well as the prevalence of self-harm, suicide attempts, and hospitalizations within these groups.MethodIn this comparative study, 50 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 50 with Schizophrenia, aged between 18 and 45 years, were assessed for intensity of psychotic symptoms with the Psychotic Symptom Assessment Scale (PSYRATS) and the Cardiff Abnormal Perceptions Scale (CAPS). Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS v25.0.ResultsOn the PSYRATS, the schizophrenia group scored higher in auditory hallucinations and in the number of voices, while in the BPD group the auditory hallucinations score was correlated with the number of suicide attempts (P=0.025). On the CAPS, the BPD group showed higher scores on positive abnormal perceptions in all dimensions compared to the schizophrenia group (P=0.002).ConclusionsOur study suggests that patients with BPD experienced a more intense burden of psychotic-like experiences compared to those with Schizophrenia, with a greater frequency, interference, and distress reported. Although patients with Schizophrenia had higher scores on the PSYRATS, the BPD group’s scores were also notable, and a correlation was identified between auditory hallucinations and suicide attempts in the BPD group.
The effect of internet use on depressive symptoms in older adults: based on the chain mediating role of physical exercise and self-rated health
Authors: Lin Lu , He Pingping 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundDepressive symptoms in older adults have been a major public health problem. Although many studies have suggested a potential relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship among older adults remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating effects of physical exercise and self-rated health on the relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms in older adults.MethodsUtilizing the 2020 data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we assessed the depressive status among the older population through the application of the Ambulatory Self-Rating Depression Scale. To validate the associations, we conducted a Pearson correlation analysis. Furthermore, we constructed a mediating effect model, which aimed to delve into the intricate pathways mediating the influence of Internet usage on depressive symptoms in the older adults. Additionally, we employed a latent class analysis to uncover the intricate heterogeneity of depression among older individuals who do not utilize the Internet, offering insights into the diverse manifestations of this condition.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, marital status, chronic disease, and education level, regression results showed that the use of the Internet had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms in the older adults (β = −0.684, t = −4.318, p &lt; 0.001). Physical exercise and self-rated health significantly affected depressive symptoms in the older adults (β = −0.176, t = −7.939, p &lt; 0.001; β = −0.937, t = −18.681, p &lt; 0.001). Mediating results showed that the mediating effect of physical exercise between Internet use and depressive symptoms in the older adults was −0.220 (95%CI: −0.2877–−0.1598), and the mediating effect of self-rated health between Internet use and depressive symptoms in the older adults was −0.084 (95%CI: −0.1716–−0.0008), and the chain mediation effect was −0.022 (95%CI: −0.0371–−0.0076). The potential profile analysis of depressive symptoms in the older adults without using the Internet showed that they could be divided into three groups, namely, high loneliness—high depression group (7.4%), medium loneliness—moderate depression group (14.7%), and low loneliness—low depression group (77.9%).ConclusionInternet use can directly affect the depressive symptoms of the older adults, and can also indirectly affect the depressive symptoms of the older adults through physical exercise and self-rated health. The depressive symptoms of the older adults who do not use the Internet are heterogeneous and can be divided into three categories. With the popularization of the Internet, the use of the Internet should be promoted for the older adults, and the frequency of physical exercise should be enhanced to achieve physical and mental health.
Empowering youth and ensuring health: utilization of youth friendly service among preparatory school students in Gambella, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Nardos , Negero Benti , Melkamu Keno , Tsega Yawkal 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundYouth is a period with exposure to high risk of reproductive health (RH) problems. Despite, several strategies designed to solve these problems, youths are experiencing unsafe abortion, unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) so far. The utilization of Youth Friendly Services (YFS) and its determinants has not been well studied in Gambella so far. This study aimed to assess YFS utilization and associated factors among preparatory school students in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 394 randomly selected preparatory school students in Gambella town from June 1-30/2023. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire, entered to EpiData version 4.6, and exported to Stata version 17.0 statistical software for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. The p-value of &lt;0.05 with 95% CI was used to declare statistical significance of association between YFS utilization and explanatory variables.ResultLess than one third (31.2%) of preparatory school students utilized YFS in Gambella town. Being married (AOR: 4.94, CI: 2.14, 11.38), having pocket money (AOR: 2.02, CI: 1.15, 3.56), no payment for YFS (AOR: 2.13, CI: 1.01, 4.50), having knowledge about YFS (AOR: 2.27, CI: 1.29, 4.00), convenient working time (AOR: 2.50, CI: 1.08, 5.83), and sexual experience (AOR: 3.38, CI: 1.90, 6.01) were the factors significantly associated with utilization of YFS in Gambella town.ConclusionThe study found that utilization of YFS in Gambella town was low. Being married, having pocket money, not asked payment for YFS, knowledge about YFS, convenient working time, and sexual experience were the factors positively affecting utilization of YFS in Gambella town. Therefore, the health decision makers better to design policies aimed to increase youths knowledge about YFS.
Cord blood T regulatory cells synergize with ruxolitinib to improve GVHD outcomes
Authors: Zeng Ke , Ma Hongbing , Huang Meixian , Lyu Mi-Ae , Sadeghi Tara , Flowers Christopher R. , Parmar Simrit 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAdoptive therapy with umbilical cord blood (UCB) T-regulatory (Treg) cells can prevent graft vs. host disease (GVHD). We hypothesize that UCB Tregs can treat GVHD and synergize with ruxolitinib, Jak2 inhibitor, to improve outcomes.MethodsUCB Treg potency and efficacy was examined using cell suppression assay and xenogeneic GVHD model, respectively. Ruxolitinib was fed continuously in presence or absence of CellTraceViolet tagged UCB Tregs on days +4, +7, +11, +18. Mice were followed for survival, GVHD score, hematology parameters and inflammation.ResultsAddition of ruxolitinib to UCB Tregs exerted synergistic suppressor function in vitro and improved persistence of UCB Tregs in vivo. Lower GVHD score, improved survival, increased hemoglobin level and platelet count, decreased inflammatory cytokines and decrease in CD3+ T cell lung infiltrate was observed in UCB Tregs+ruxolitinib recipients.ConclusionUCB Treg+Ruxolitinib combination improves outcomes in xenogeneic GVHD and should be explored in a clinical setting.
Государственная идеология как фактор формирования ценностных ориентаций современной молодежи
Authors: Каримов А.Г. , Фаткуллина Г.Р. 
Published: December 2024

Статья исследует роль государственной идеологии в ценностных ориентациях молодежи Республики Башкортостан. На основе социологических опросов 2024 и 2021 годов (в совокупности опрошено более свыше 7 тыс. респондентов) выявлено, что треть молодежи связывает идеологию России с либерализмом, четверть считает, что она отсутствует. При этом большинство поддерживает необходимость государственной идеологии, однако её принципы воспринимаются молодежью по-разному в зависимости от ценностных предпочтений (от социальных до либерально-демократических). Школьники и молодёжь до 24 лет склонны к анархическим взглядам, старшие группы (24-35 лет) – к консервативным ценностям. Основные факторы формирования ценностей – семья, образовательные учреждения и Интернет. Отмечена важность согласованных действий семьи, общества и государства в укреплении ценностной системы.
The article explores the role of state ideology in the value orientations of the youth of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Based on opinion polls in 2024 and 2021 (more than 7 thousand respondents were interviewed together), it was revealed that a third of young people associate the ideology of Russia with liberalism, a quarter consider it absent. At the same time, the majority supports the need for a state ideology, but its principles are perceived by young people in different ways depending on their value preferences (from social to liberal democratic). Schoolchildren and young people under the age of 24 tend to have anarchic views, older groups (24-35 years old) tend to have conservative values. The main factors in the formation of values are the family, educational institutions and the Internet. The importance of coordinated actions of the family, society and the state in strengthening the value system was noted.