bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Relationship Between Microbial Composition and Living Environment in Important Medical Mites Based on Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Technology
Authors: Guo Yijie , Wang Ruiling , Zhao Yae , Niu Dongling , Gong Xiaojuan , Hu Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The microbiota of mites is closely related to their growth, development, and pathogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to study the bacteria in mites. Here, for the first time, based on 16s rRNA V3-V4 region, the microbiota of 45 samples of nine species in six families of medically important mites were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique. The results showed that, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria (56.20–86.40%) were the dominant, followed by Firmicutes (6.41–19.43%), Bacteroidetes (5.56–13.38%) and Actinobacteria (1.93–28.07%). But at the genera the microbiota of mites are different, showing four characteristics: 1) The microbiota is related to the parasitic host. Demodex folliculorum (Acariforms: Demodicidae) and D. brevis (Acariforms: Demodicidae), both parasitizing humans, showed similar microbial composition, as did D. canis (Acariforms: Demodicidae) and Sarcoptes scabiei canis (Acariforms: Sarcoptidae) parasitizing dogs, but D. caprae (Acariforms: Demodicidae) parasitizing sheep showed unique microbial community; 2) The microbiota is related to mite’s species. Dermatophagoides farinae and Cheyletus malaccensis (Acariforms: Cheyletidae), both collecting from flour, show respective microbial composition; 3) The microbiota is related to the life stage. There were differences in microbiota between adults and larvae of D. farinae, but no differences observed in Psoroptes cuniculi (Acariforms: Psoroptidae); and 4) The microbiota is related to the blood-feeding state. The microbiota of blood-fed Ornithonyssus bacoti (Parasitiformes: Macronyssidae) adults was significantly higher than that of unfed adults. This indicates that the microbiota of mites is affected by mite species, parasitic host, growth stage and habitat. Therefore, understanding these influencing factors will have a very important guiding significance for the prevention and control of mite-borne diseases.
Alternate expression of CONSTANS-LIKE 4 in short days and CONSTANS in long days facilitates day-neutral response in Rosa chinensis
Authors: Lu Jun , Sun Jingjing , Jiang Anqi , Bai Mengjuan , Fan Chunguo , Liu Jinyi , Ning Guogui , Wang Changquan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Photoperiodic flowering responses are classified into three major types: long day (LD), short day (SD), and day neutral (DN). The inverse responses to daylength of LD and SD plants have been partly characterized in Arabidopsis and rice; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the DN response is largely unknown. Modern roses are economically important ornamental plants with continuous flowering (CF) features, and are generally regarded as DN plants. Here, RcCO and RcCOL4 were identified as floral activators up-regulated under LD and SD conditions, respectively, in the CF cultivar Rosa chinensis ‘Old-Blush’. Diminishing the expression of RcCO or/and RcCOL4 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) delayed flowering time under both SDs and LDs. Interestingly, in contrast to RcCO-silenced plants, the flowering time of RcCOL4-silenced plants was more delayed under SD than under LD conditions, indicating perturbed plant responses to day neutrality. Further analyses revealed that physical interaction between RcCOL4 and RcCO facilitated binding of RcCO to the CORE motif in the promoter of RcFT and induction of RcFT. Taken together, the complementary expression of RcCO in LDs and of RcCOL4 in SDs guaranteed flowering under favorable growth conditions regardless of the photoperiod. This finding established the molecular foundation of CF in roses and further shed light on the underlying mechanisms of DN responses.
L
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with L, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Labetalol hydrochloride, Lactoferrin, Lamivudine, Lamotrigine, Lansoprazole, Levetiracetam, Levosimendan, Levothyroxine sodium, Lidocaine = Lignocaine (former BAN), Linezolid, Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition, Loperamide, Lopinavir with ritonavir, Lorazepam, and Low-molecular-weight heparins and other anticoagulants
N
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with N, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Naloxone, Neostigmine (and pyridostigmine), Nevirapine, Nifedipine, Nitazoxanide, Nitisinone, Nitric oxide, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrous oxide, Noradrenaline = Norepinephrine (rINN), and Nystatin
R
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with R, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Radiological contrast media, Raltegravir, Ranitidine, Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF), Remifentanil, Rhesus (D) immunoglobulin, Ribavirin = Tribavirin (former BAN), Rifampicin = Rifampin (USAN), Rocuronium, Rotavirus vaccines, and Rubella vaccine
T
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with T, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Teicoplanin, Tenofovir, Tetracaine = Amethocaine (former BAN), Tetracosactide = Tetracosactrin (former BAN), Tetracycline, Thiopental sodium = Thiopentone sodium (former BAN), Tobramycin, Topiramate, Tramadol, Tranexamic acid, Trimethoprim, and Trometamol = Tromethamine (USAN)
V
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with V, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Vancomycin, Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and vaccine, Vasopressin, desmopressin, and terlipressin, Vigabatrin, Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin), Vitamin D (special formulations), Vitamin D (standard formulations), Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), Vitamin K1 = phytomenadione (rINN), phytonadione (USAP), and Vitamins (multi-vitamins)
Maternal medication and its effect on the baby
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
All too often the pregnant or breastfeeding mother is told that she cannot receive a drug because the manufacturer has advised against its use. Such information is usually derived from the Summary of Product Characteristics and reflects a lack of information of such use during the early stages of drug development and licensing. These statements are always cautious, seldom very informative, and often merely designed to meet the minimum requirement laid down by the licensing authority. While there are a small number of drugs whose use during pregnancy and lactation is extremely unwise, for most drugs it is more a matter of balancing the advantages and the disadvantages. Information from pregnancy and lactation databases increasingly supplements the information from animal teratogenicity and toxicology studies. Prescribers must consider both disease and drug characteristics when making decisions on medication use during both pregnancy and lactation. They can then use this information to balance the risks of fetal or neonatal exposure against the potential benefits of maternal treatment and the risks of untreated disease. This section allows the reader to quickly look up such risks and, through the references, examine the primary literature to help the mother make an informed choice.
Monte Carlo simulations of black hole mergers in AGN discs: Low χeff mergers and predictions for LIGO
Authors: McKernan B , Ford K E S , O’Shaugnessy R , Wysocki D 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Accretion discs around supermassive black holes are promising sites for stellar mass black hole mergers detectable with LIGO. Here we present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of black hole mergers within 1-d AGN disc models. For the spin distribution in the disc bulk, key findings are: (1) The distribution of χeff is naturally centred around $\tilde{\chi }_{\rm eff} \approx 0.0$, (2) the width of the χeff distribution is narrow for low natal spins. For the mass distribution in the disc bulk, key findings are: (3) mass ratios $\tilde{q} \sim 0.5\!-\!0.7$, (4) the maximum merger mass in the bulk is $\sim 100\!-\!200\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, (5) $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of bulk mergers involve BH $\gt 50\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ with (6) $\simeq 80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of bulk mergers are pairs of first generation BH. Additionally, mergers at a migration trap grow an IMBH with typical merger mass ratios $\tilde{q}\sim 0.1$. Ongoing LIGO non-detections of black holes $\gt 10^{2}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ puts strong limits on the presence of migration traps in AGN discs (and therefore AGN disc density and structure) as well as median AGN disc lifetime. The highest merger rate occurs for this channel if AGN discs are relatively short-lived (≤1 Myr) so multiple AGN episodes can happen per Galactic nucleus in a Hubble time.
Helium and nitrogen enrichment in massive main-sequence stars: mechanisms and implications for the origin of WNL stars
Authors: Roy Arpita , Sutherland Ralph S , Krumholz Mark R , Heger Alexander , Dopita Michael A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The evolutionary paths taken by massive stars with M ≳ 60 M⊙ remain substantially uncertain. They begin their lives as main-sequence (MS) O stars. Depending on their masses, rotation rates, and metallicities, they can then encounter a wide range of evolutionary states with an equally broad set of possible surface compositions and spectral classifications. We present a new grid of calculations for the evolution of such stars that covers a broad range in mass, M/M⊙ = 60–150, rotation rate, $v/v_{\rm crit} = 0$–0.6, metallicity, [Fe/H] = −4 to 0, and α-element enhancement, [α/Fe] = 0–0.4. We show that rotating stars undergo rotationally induced dredge-up of nucleosynthetic products, mostly He and N, to their surfaces while still on the MS. Non-rotating metal-rich stars also reveal the products of nucleosynthesis on their surfaces because even modest amounts of mass-loss expose their ‘fossil’ convective cores: regions that are no longer convective, but were part of the convective core at an early stage in the star’s evolution. Thus, surface enhancement of He and N is expected for rotating stars at all metallicities, and for non-rotating stars if they are relatively metal-rich. We calculate a stellar atmosphere for a representative model from our grid, properly accounting for He and N enhancement, and show that the resulting spectrum provides a good match to observed WNL stars, strongly suggesting that the physical mechanisms we have identified are the ultimate cause of the WNL phase.
Searching for solar siblings in APOGEE and Gaia DR2 with N-body simulations
Authors: Webb Jeremy J , Price-Jones Natalie , Bovy Jo , Portegies Zwart Simon , Hunt Jason A S , Mackereth J Ted , Leung Henry W 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We make use of APOGEE and $Gaia\,$ data to identify stars that are consistent with being born in the same association or star cluster as the Sun. We limit our analysis to stars that match solar abundances within their uncertainties, as they could have formed from the same giant molecular cloud (GMC) as the Sun. We constrain the range of orbital actions that solar siblings can have with a suite of simulations of solar birth clusters evolved in static and time-dependent tidal fields. The static components of each galaxy model are the bulge, disc, and halo, while the various time-dependent components include a bar, spiral arms, and GMCs. In galaxy models without GMCs, simulated solar siblings all have JR &lt; 122 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc, 990 &lt; Lz &lt; 1986 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc, and 0.15 &lt; Jz &lt; 0.58 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc. Given the actions of stars in APOGEE and $Gaia\,$, we find 104 stars that fall within this range. One candidate in particular, Solar Sibling 1, has both chemistry and actions similar enough to the solar values that strong interactions with the bar or spiral arms are not required for it to be dynamically associated with the Sun. Adding GMCs to the potential can eject solar siblings out of the plane of the disc and increase their Jz, resulting in a final candidate list of 296 stars. The entire suite of simulations indicate that solar siblings should have JR &lt; 122 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc, 353 &lt; Lz &lt; 2110 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc, and Jz &lt; 0.8 km $\rm s^{-1}$ kpc. Given these criteria, it is most likely that the association or cluster that the Sun was born in has reached dissolution and is not the commonly cited open cluster M67.
Reproducing the Universe: a comparison between the EAGLE simulations and the nearby DustPedia galaxy sample
Authors: Trčka Ana , Baes Maarten , Camps Peter , Meidt Sharon E , Trayford James , Bianchi Simone , Casasola Viviana , Cassarà Letizia P , De Looze Ilse , De Vis Pieter , Dobbels Wouter , Fritz Jacopo , Galametz Maud , Galliano Frédéric , Katsianis Antonios , Madden Suzanne C , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Nersesian Angelos , Viaene Sébastien , Xilouris Emmanuel M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe compare the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and inferred physical properties for simulated and observed galaxies at low redshift. We exploit UV-submillimetre mock fluxes of ∼7000 z = 0 galaxies from the EAGLE suite of cosmological simulations, derived using the radiative transfer code skirt. We compare these to ∼800 observed galaxies in the UV-submillimetre range, from the DustPedia sample of nearby galaxies. To derive global properties, we apply the SED fitting code cigale consistently to both data sets, using the same set of ∼80 million models. The results of this comparison reveal overall agreement between the simulations and observations, both in the SEDs and in the derived physical properties, with a number of discrepancies. The optical and far-infrared regimes, and the scaling relations based upon the global emission, diffuse dust, and stellar mass, show high levels of agreement. However, the mid-infrared fluxes of the EAGLE galaxies are overestimated while the far-UV domain is not attenuated enough, compared to the observations. We attribute these discrepancies to a combination of galaxy population differences between the samples and limitations in the subgrid treatment of star-forming regions in the EAGLE-skirt post-processing recipe. Our findings show the importance of detailed radiative transfer calculations and consistent comparison, and provide suggestions for improved numerical models.
Supermassive star formation via super competitive accretion in slightly metal-enriched clouds
Authors: Chon Sunmyon , Omukai Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Direct collapse black hole (DCBH) formation with mass ≳105 M⊙ is a promising scenario for the origin of high-redshift supermassive black holes. It has usually been supposed that the DCBH can only form in the primordial gas since the metal enrichment enhances the cooling ability and causes the fragmentation into smaller pieces. What actually happens in such an environment, however, has not been explored in detail. Here, we study the impact of the metal enrichment on the clouds, conducting hydrodynamical simulations to follow the cloud evolution in cases with different degree of the metal enrichment Z/Z⊙ = 10−6 to 10−3. Below Z/Z⊙ = 10−6, metallicity has no effect and supermassive stars form along with a small number of low-mass stars. With more metallicity $Z/\mathrm{ Z}_{\odot } \gtrsim5 \times 10^{-6}$, although the dust cooling indeed promotes fragmentation of the cloud core and produces about a few thousand low-mass stars, the accreting flow preferentially feeds the gas to the central massive stars, which grows supermassive as in the primordial case. We term this formation mode as the super competitive accretion, where only the central few stars grow supermassive while a large number of other stars are competing for the gas reservoir. Once the metallicity exceeds 10−3 Z⊙ and metal-line cooling becomes operative, the central star cannot grow supermassive due to lowered accretion rate. Supermassive star formation by the super competitive accretion opens up a new window for seed BHs, which relaxes the condition on metallicity and enhances the seed BH abundance.
Deep into the core of dense star clusters: an astrometric and photometric test case for ELT
Authors: Fiorentino G , Bellazzini M , Spera M , Sabha N B , Mapelli M , Schreiber L , Dall’Ora M , Inno L , Patti M , Braga V F , Lombini M , Diolaiti E , Cortecchia F , Arcidiacono C , Plantet C , Agapito G 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a novel analysis of a young star cluster in the Large Magellanic cloud, R136-like, as seen by the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The main aim of this study is to quantify precision and accuracy of stellar proper motion measurements in crowded field when using an ELT working at its diffraction limit. This can serve as a reference study for future development of ELT scientific cases. In particular, we investigate our future ability to detect the dynamical signature of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with mass ∼104 M⊙ through detailed measurements of stellar proper motions. We have simulated two N-body dynamical cluster models with and without an IMBH. For each model, we have chosen two snapshots temporally spaced by 5 yr. Stellar fluxes in IJHK filters and star positions have been used to create ELT mock images for both single- and multiconjugate adaptive optics observing modes following the requierements given by ESO technical specifications for the first light imager. These images have been analysed using a classical software for seeing-limited data reduction, daophot/allstar. We make accurate photometry till the very faint pre-main-sequence stars, i.e. depending on the adaptive optics (AO) mode, magnitudes down to K ∼ 24 mag (single-conjugate AO) or K ∼ 22 mag (multiconjugate AO) in a total integration time of 20 min on target. Although daophot suite of programs is not devoted to precise astrometry, the astrometric accuracy is impressive, reaching few μas yr−1 or km s−1. In these assumptions, we are able to detect the IMBH signature at the centre of the cluster.
Does Nature use neutral beams for interstellar plasma heating around compact objects?
Authors: Churazov E , Khabibullin I , Sunyaev R 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A neutral beam injection technique is employed in all major TOKAMAK facilities for heating of magnetically confined plasma. The question then arises, whether a similar mechanism might work in astrophysical objects? For instance, a hyper-Eddington Galactic binary SS433 possesses baryonic jets, moving at a quarter of the speed of light, and observations revealed signs of gas cooling and recombination on sub-pc scales and equally strong signs of powerful energy deposition on much larger scales ∼100 pc. Here, we consider a model where neutral atoms transport this energy. A sub-relativistic beam of neutral atoms penetrates the interstellar medium; these atoms gradually get ionized and deposit their energy over a region, whose longitudinal dimension is set by the ‘ionization length’. The channel, where the energy is deposited, expands sideways and drives a shock in the lateral direction. Once the density in the channel drops, the heating rate by the beam drops accordingly, and the region of the energy release moves along the direction of the beam. We discuss distinct features associated with this scenario and speculate that such configuration might also boost shock acceleration of the ‘pick-up’ protons that arise due to ionization of neutral atoms both upstream and downstream of the shock.
Machine learning predicts new anti-CRISPR proteins
Authors: Eitzinger Simon , Asif Amina , Watters Kyle E , Iavarone Anthony T , Knott Gavin J , Doudna Jennifer A , Minhas Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe increasing use of CRISPR–Cas9 in medicine, agriculture, and synthetic biology has accelerated the drive to discover new CRISPR–Cas inhibitors as potential mechanisms of control for gene editing applications. Many anti-CRISPRs have been found that inhibit the CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune system. However, comparing all currently known anti-CRISPRs does not reveal a shared set of properties for facile bioinformatic identification of new anti-CRISPR families. Here, we describe AcRanker, a machine learning based method to aid direct identification of new potential anti-CRISPRs using only protein sequence information. Using a training set of known anti-CRISPRs, we built a model based on XGBoost ranking. We then applied AcRanker to predict candidate anti-CRISPRs from predicted prophage regions within self-targeting bacterial genomes and discovered two previously unknown anti-CRISPRs: AcrllA20 (ML1) and AcrIIA21 (ML8). We show that AcrIIA20 strongly inhibits Streptococcus iniae Cas9 (SinCas9) and weakly inhibits Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpyCas9). We also show that AcrIIA21 inhibits SpyCas9, Streptococcus aureus Cas9 (SauCas9) and SinCas9 with low potency. The addition of AcRanker to the anti-CRISPR discovery toolkit allows researchers to directly rank potential anti-CRISPR candidate genes for increased speed in testing and validation of new anti-CRISPRs. A web server implementation for AcRanker is available online at http://acranker.pythonanywhere.com/.
Technological innovations at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in high-latitude East Asia
Authors: Yang Shi-Xia , Wang Fa-Gang , Xie Fei , Yue Jian-Ping , Deng Cheng-Long , Zhu Ri-Xiang , Petraglia Michael D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The interplay between Pleistocene climatic variability and hominin adaptations to diverse terrestrial ecosystems is a key topic in human evolutionary studies. Early and Middle Pleistocene environmental change and its relation to hominin behavioural responses has been a subject of great interest in Africa and Europe, though little information is available for other key regions of the Old World, particularly from Eastern Asia. Here we examine key Early Pleistocene sites of the Nihewan Basin, in high-latitude northern China, dating between ∼1.4 and 1.0 million years ago (Ma). We compare stone-tool assemblages from three Early Pleistocene sites in the Nihewan Basin, including detailed assessment of stone-tool refitting sequences at the ∼1.1-Ma-old site of Cenjiawan. Increased toolmaking skills and technological innovations are evident in the Nihewan Basin at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition (MPT). Examination of the lithic technology of the Nihewan sites, together with an assessment of other key Palaeolithic sites of China, indicates that toolkits show increasing diversity at the outset of the MPT and in its aftermath. The overall evidence indicates the adaptive flexibility of early hominins to ecosystem changes since the MPT, though regional abandonments are also apparent in high latitudes, likely owing to cold and oscillating environmental conditions. The view presented here sharply contrasts with traditional arguments that stone-tool technologies of China are homogeneous and continuous over the course of the Early Pleistocene.