bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dark side(s) of the EU Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Ferri Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article examines some pivotal aspects of Directive (EU) 2019/790, which is the new legislative act adopted by the European Union to adapt copyright to the evolving digital environment. Indeed, this measure is meant to have considerable implications on the European plane and is supposed to influence, at least in part, also the relations between the EU and third States in the field of copyright. The Directive shall be transposed by mid 2021, but the time is ripe for a first assessment and some reflections. The analysis primarily investigates the relationship between Digital Single Market and EU copyright law and focuses on the most controversial issues of a long-awaited piece of legislation that so far has been widely criticized. In particular, the article explores three new key points: mandatory exceptions and limitations to right holders’ exclusive rights, press publishers’ rights, and platforms’ liability.
Pore structure and its control on reservoir quality in tight sandstones: a case study of the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jingbian oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Bai Yubin , Zhao Jingzhou , Zhao Delin , Zhang Hai , Fu Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study applied vacuum-impregnated casting thin sections, fluorescence slices, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-controlled mercury porosimetry (PCP), rate-controlled mercury porosimetry (RCP), X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, overburden pressure, and conventional physical property strategies to determine the microscopic characteristics of the Chang 6 member, a typical tight sandstone reservoir in the Jingbian oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China. We also analyzed the controlling effects of pore structure on reservoir quality and oiliness. The results showed that the pore types of the Chang 6 sandstone reservoir can be divided into four categories: residual intergranular pores, dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores between clay minerals, and microfractures. The pore size of the Chang 6 sandstone reservoir ranged from 20 to 50 μm. We employed PCP and RCP strategies to characterize the pore structure of the Chang 6 reservoir. The pore radius was less than 2 μm, and on average, the throat radius was less than 0.3 μm. The reservoir physical properties were affected by diagenesis, particularly compaction, and the average porosity failure rate was 56.3%. Cementation made the reservoir more compact, dissolution improved the physical properties of the reservoir locally, and fracturing effectively improved the reservoir seepage ability; however, its influence on porosity was limited. The pore structure controlled the quality of the reservoir. The physical properties of the reservoir were closely related to the oil-bearing properties. The lower limits of porosity and permeability of industrial oil flow in the reservoir were 7.5% and 0.15 mD, respectively. These results provide an additional resource for the exploration and development of tight oil in the Ordos Basin.
Correlating Hard-Braking Activity with Crash Occurrences on Interstate Construction Projects in Indiana
Authors: Desai Jairaj , Li Howell , Mathew Jijo K. , Cheng Yi-Ting , Habib Ayman , Bullock Darcy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reported between 2016 and 2017, fatal crashes in work zones increased by 3%, while fatal crashes outside of work zones decreased by 1.5%. The FHWA also reported that work zones account for approximately 10% of the nation’s overall congestion and 24% of unexpected interstate delays. This paper reports on a study of 23 construction work zones that covered approximately 150 centerline miles of Indiana interstate roadway in the summer of 2019. Approximately 50% of all interstate crashes for the period of May to September 2019 occurred within or in an approach upstream or downstream of one of these work zones. Commercially available vehicle hard-braking event data is used for the study and geofenced to the work zone approaches and limits. This research examined 196,215 hard-braking events over a 2-month period in the summer of 2019 and 3132 crashes over the same 2-month period in 2018 and 2019 for the 23 interstate work zones. The study found there were approximately 1 crash/mile for every 147 hard-braking events in and around a construction site. The R2 was approximately 0.85. The paper concludes by recommending that hard-braking event data be used by agencies to quickly identify emerging work zone locations that show relatively large number of hard-braking events for further evaluation.
Evaluation of invasive ventilation (intubation) prognosis in patients with Covid-19 symptoms
Authors: Farzan Nina , Vahabi Sepideh , Foroghi ghomi Seyed Yaser , Shirvani Reza , Madani Shima sadat Hashemi , Shakeri Mansoureh , Araghi Mahmood , Birjandi Mehdi , Farzan Behrooz 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) has been reported as a pandemic by the world health organization. Increasing number of cases and associated mortality have demanded the need for clinical studies and researches.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate intubation prognosis of the COVID 19 patients referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital in Qom city.

Method:
COVID 19 patients referred to (XXX)were included in this study. Clinical sign and symptoms were recorded for each patient in a questionnaire. The diagnosis was made using real time polymerase chain reaction and chest CT scans. Lab findings from renal and liver function tests, blood count, c-reactive protein and electrolytes were also recorded. Shortness of breath was measured using oxygen saturation levels in these patients. The data was recorded in the electronic form and was analyzed using SPSS v21.

Result:
Of 317 patients included in this study, the average age of COVID 19 patients were 59.71 ± 16.46 years. The need of ventilation among the patients older than 50 years was significantly higher than younger patients, p = 0.013. Smoking status, gender and drug addiction was not associated with the need of invasive mechanical ventilation, p = 0.73, p = 0.44 and p = 0.76. Patients need invasive mechanical ventilation compared to those receiving non-invasive ventilation were significantly older, p = 0.001.

Conclusion:
The need of mechanical ventilation is significantly greater in advanced age COVID-19 patients.

Highlights:
Comparison between ketamine and propofol combined against propofol alone for brachial plexus nerve block in open fixation of forearm fracture: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moradkhani Mahmoudreza , Shabaninia Shahrzad , Vahabi Sepideh 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
General anesthesia has been successfully replaced by various nervous block for surgeries.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effect of ketamine and propofol for brachial plexus block.

Method:
In this double-blind randomized trial, 64 patients who underwent open fixation for forearm fracture were randomly assigned to group A (n = 32); comprising of patients who received both propofol (200 mg) and ketamine (50 mg) or group B (n = 32) who received only propofol (200 mg). The infusion was controlled in the groups to induce light-to-moderate sedation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain in the groups. Additionally, parameters such as nausea and vomiting, patients’ satisfaction, blood pressure, heart rate, hallucination and the time of recovery were compared among the groups.

Result:
Due to the failure of nerve block, 7 patients were excluded from the study. A total of 64 patients were equally divided into two groups. Pain, nausea, vomiting, hallucination and patients’ satisfaction were not statistically different among the two groups. Whereas, changes in the blood pressure and heart rate were lesser in Ketamine-propofol group and however, were not reported to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Admixture of ketofol, containing a small dose of ketamine, is not an appropriate analgesic adjunct for upper arm nerve block, however, it does not increase the incidence of nausea, vomiting and hallucination.

Highlights:
Explantation of High Submuscular Reservoirs: Safety and Practical Considerations
Authors: Kavoussi Mehraban , Bhanvadia Raj R. , VanDyke Maia E. , Baumgarten Adam S. , Ortiz Nicolas M. , Khouri Roger K. , Ward Ellen E. , Hudak Steven J. , Morey Allen F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, high submuscular (HSM) placement of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reservoirs has emerged as a viable alternative to space of Retzius (SOR) placement; however, data comparing the feasibility and complications of HSM vs SOR reservoir removal do not presently exist.AimTo present a comparison of the safety, feasibility, and ease of removal of HSM vs SOR reservoirs in a tertiary care, university-based, high-volume prosthetic urology practice.MethodsData were retrospectively collected on patients who underwent IPP reservoir removal between January 2011 and June 2020. Cases were separated into 2 cohorts based on reservoir location. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact and Chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Timing from IPP insertion to explant was compared between the HSM and SOR groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.OutcomesTime from IPP insertion to explant, operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and need for a counter incision were compared between the HSM and SOR groups.ResultsBetween January 2011 and June 2020, 106 (73 HSM, 33 SOR) patients underwent IPP removal or replacement by a single surgeon at our institution. Average time from IPP insertion to removal was 43.6 months (24.2 HSM, 52.7 SOR, P = .07)—reservoir removal occurred at the time of device explant in 70 of 106 (66%) cases. More HSM reservoirs were explanted at the time of IPP removal compared with the SOR cohort (54 of 73, 74% HSM vs 16 of 33, 48.5% SOR, P = .01). Similar rates of complications were noted between the HSM and SOR groups (1.9% vs 6.3%, P = .35). There was no significant difference in need for counter incision between the 2 groups (24 [42%] HSM vs 4 [25%] SOR, P = .16) or in average operative times (76.5 ± 38.3 minutes HSM vs 68.1 ± 34.3 minutes SOR, P = .52).Clinical ImplicationsOur experience with explanting HSM reservoirs supports the safety and ease of their removal.Strengths and LimitationsAlthough the absolute cohort size is relatively low, this study reflects one of the largest single-institution experiences examining penile implant reservoir removal. In addition, reservoir location was not randomized but was instead determined by which patients presented with complications necessitating reservoir removal during the study period.ConclusionsHSM reservoir removal has comparable perioperative complication rates and operative times when compared with SOR reservoir removal.
Variable selection methods for identifying predictor interactions in data with repeatedly measured binary outcomes
Authors: Wolf Bethany J. , Jiang Yunyun , Wilson Sylvia H. , Oates Jim C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Identifying predictors of patient outcomes evaluated over time may require modeling interactions among variables while addressing within-subject correlation. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) address within-subject correlation, but identifying interactions can be difficult if not hypothesizeda priori. We evaluate the performance of several variable selection approaches for clustered binary outcomes to provide guidance for choosing between the methods.Methods:We conducted simulations comparing stepwise selection, penalized GLMM, boosted GLMM, and boosted GEE for variable selection considering main effects and two-way interactions in data with repeatedly measured binary outcomes and evaluate a two-stage approach to reduce bias and error in parameter estimates. We compared these approaches in real data applications: hypothermia during surgery and treatment response in lupus nephritis.Results:Penalized and boosted approaches recovered correct predictors and interactions more frequently than stepwise selection. Penalized GLMM recovered correct predictors more often than boosting, but included many spurious predictors. Boosted GLMM yielded parsimonious models and identified correct predictors well at large sample and effect sizes, but required excessive computation time. Boosted GEE was computationally efficient and selected relatively parsimonious models, offering a compromise between computation and parsimony. The two-stage approach reduced the bias and error in regression parameters in all approaches.Conclusion:Penalized and boosted approaches are effective for variable selection in data with clustered binary outcomes. The two-stage approach reduces bias and error and should be applied regardless of method. We provide guidance for choosing the most appropriate method in real applications.
Uninterruptible Power Supply Improves Precision and External Validity of Telomere Length Measurement via qPCR
Authors: Hastings Waylon J. , Eisenberg Dan T.A. , Shalev Idan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTechnical challenges associated with telomere length (TL) measurements have prompted concerns regarding their utility as a biomarker of aging. Several factors influence TL assessment via qPCR, the most common measurement method in epidemiological studies, including storage conditions and DNA extraction method. Here, we tested the impact of power supply during the qPCR assay. Momentary fluctuations in power can affect the functioning of high-performance electronics, including real-time thermocyclers. We investigated if mitigating these fluctuations by using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) influenced TL assessment via qPCR. Samples run with a UPS had significantly lower standard deviation (p < 0.001) and coefficient of variation (p < 0.001) across technical replicates than those run without a UPS. UPS usage also improved exponential amplification efficiency at the replicate, sample, and plate levels. Together these improvements translated to increased performance across metrics of external validity including correlation with age, within-person correlation across tissues, and correlation between parents and offspring.
RC-positive metrics on rationally connected manifolds
Authors: Yang Xiaokui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that if a compact Kähler manifold X has a smooth Hermitian metric

$\omega $

such that

$(T_X,\omega )$

is uniformly RC-positive, then X is projective and rationally connected. Conversely, we show that, if a projective manifold X is rationally connected, then there exists a uniformly RC-positive complex Finsler metric on

$T_X$

.
Role-based engagement: scale development and validation
Authors: Young Stephen F. , Steelman Lisa A. , Pita Matthew D. , Gallo James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to build on personal engagement and role theory to develop a conceptual definition of engagement to different organizational roles (job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers) and create and validate the Role-Based Engagement Scale (RBES). Data were collected from four samples (n = 1,302) of employees, including three from multiple organizations and one from an aircraft manufacturer. Results across three studies consistently support the four dimension structure of the RBES, its internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The RBES is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures engagement to job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers. This instrument will provide more targeted information for human resource management (HRM) professionals tasked with developing training methods and processes to improve low-scoring dimensions of engagement, optimizing HRM interventions.
Bryozoans from the lower Silurian (Telychian) Hanchiatien Formation from southern Chongqing, South China
Authors: Ernst Andrej , Li Qi-Jian , Zhang Min , Munnecke Axel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEight bryozoan species are described from the Hanchiatien Formation (lower Silurian, Telychian) of southern Chongqing, South China. Four species are new: the trepostomesAsperopora sinensisn. sp.,Trematopora jiebeiensisn. sp., andTrematopora tenuisn. sp., and the fenestrateMoorephylloporina parvulan. sp. One species, the cystoporateHennigoporasp. indet., is described in open nomenclature.Moorephylloporina parvulan. sp. is eurytopic, occurring in all types of facies within the bioherms. ErectMoorephylloporinaBassler, 1952,TrematoporaHall, 1852, andLeioclemaUlrich, 1882 formed pioneering communities on weakly cemented substrata, whereas encrustingFistuliporaM‘Coy, 1849,HennigoporaBassler, 1952, andAsperoporaOwen, 1969 occurred on hardgrounds and formed densely compact framestones. Robust branchedTrematoporaandLeioclematend to occur out of the reef core (framework) where they could have formed reef-flank thickets in more agitated conditions. The generic composition of the studied fauna correlates with other localities in South China, and they show general paleobiogeographic relations to Siberia and Indiana, USA.UUIDhttp://zoobank.org/3326dd2f-7c9e-43bc-9dab-84047b274f89
Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia
Authors: Woodman Neal , Ikram Salima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExcavation of Ptolemaic Period (ca. 309–30 BC) strata within Theban Tombs 11, 12, -399-, and UE194A by the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (also known as the Djehuty Project), on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Luxor, Egypt, yielded remains of at least 175 individual small mammals that include four species of shrews (Eulipotypha: Soricidae) and two species of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Two of the shrews (Crocidura fulvastra and Crocidura pasha) no longer occur in Egypt, and one species (Crocidura olivieri) is known in the country only from a disjunct population inhabiting the Nile delta and the Fayum. Although deposited in the tombs by humans as part of religious ceremonies, these animals probably derived originally from local wild populations. The coexistence of this diverse array of shrew species as part of the mammal community near Luxor indicates greater availability of moist floodplain habitats than occur there at present. These were probably made possible by a greater flow of the Nile, as indicated by geomorphological and palynological evidence. The mammal fauna recovered by the Spanish Mission provides a unique snapshot of the native Ptolemaic community during this time period, and it permits us to gauge community turnover in the Nile valley of Upper Egypt during the last 2000 years. It also serves as a relevant example for understanding the extinction and extirpation of mammal species as effects of future environmental changes predicted by current climatic models.
Is being gender nonconforming distressing? It depends where you live: gender equality across 15 nations predicts how much gender nonconformity is related to self-esteem
Authors: Zentner Marcel , von Aufsess Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals exhibiting gender nonconforming behaviors experience low self-esteem and a number of other mental health conditions, including elevated suicide risk. Most of the relevant evidence is confined to US studies, however. Adopting a cross-national approach, we examined the pervasiveness of the psychological burden associated with gender nonconformity. Because self-esteem is sensitive to the fulfillment of societal expectations for gender conformity, we reasoned that the relationship between gender conformity and self-esteem ought to decrease as societies become less restrictive in their gender norms.MethodsTo test this proposition, we conducted two studies including 18 national samples from 15 countries varying in gender equality. Participants responded to an online survey that included measures of gender conformity and self-esteem (N = 4486).ResultsUsing multilevel analyses and meta-analytic statistics over the samples of both studies, we found that as gender equality increased, the association between gender conformity and self-esteem decreased.ConclusionsThe results suggest that rather than being inherently noxious, gender non-conformity becomes detrimental to self-esteem when it clashes with restrictive gender role norms that are enacted by the macrosocial context. We suggest that previous findings on psychological problems related to gender nonconformity be considered within a broader macrosocial context that may constrain people's freedom to move against gender role norms.
GPS and Galileo Triple-Carrier Ionosphere-Free Combinations for Improved Convergence in Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Basile Francesco , Moore Terry , Hill Chris , McGraw Gary 
Published: November 2020

In recent years, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP) has become a standard positioning technique for many applications with typically favourable open sky conditions, e.g. precision agriculture. Unfortunately, the long convergence (and reconvergence) time of PPP often significantly limits its use in difficult and restricted signal environments typically associated with urban areas. The modernisation of GNSS will positively affect and improve the convergence time of the PPP solutions, thanks to the higher number of satellites in view that broadcast multifrequency measurements. The number and geometry of the available satellites is a key factor that impacts on the convergence time in PPP, while triple-frequency observables have been shown to greatly benefit the fixing of the carrier phase integer ambiguities. On the other hand, many studies have shown that triple-frequency combinations do not usefully contribute to a reduction of the convergence time of float PPP solutions.This paper proposes novel GPS and Galileo triple-carrier ionosphere-free combinations that aim to enhance the observability of the narrow-lane ambiguities. Tests based on simulated data have shown that these combinations can reduce the convergence time of the float PPP solution by a factor of up to 2·38 with respect to the two-frequency combinations. This approach becomes effective only after the extra wide-lane and wide-lane ambiguities have been fixed. For this reason, a new fixing method based on low-noise pseudo-range combinations corrected by the smoothed ionosphere correction is presented. By exploiting this algorithm, no more than a few minutes are required to fix the WL ambiguities for Galileo, even in cases of severe multipath environments.