bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of lost to follow-up among women under Option B+ PMTCT program in western Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Tolossa Tadesse , Kassa Getachew Mullu , Chanie Habtamu , Abajobir Amanuel , Mulisa Diriba 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
Although Ethiopia has been implementing Option B+ program, LTFU of women from the Option B+ program is one of the challenges that minimizes its implementation. Thus, this study assessed the incidence and predictors of LTFU among women under Option B+ PMTCT program in western Ethiopia. An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted. A cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify predictors of LTFU. A Hazard ratios with 95% confidence CI was computed and all predictors that were associated with the outcome variable at p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable cox proportional hazards were declared as a significance predictor of the outcome.

Results
A total of 330 women were followed for a mean follow up time of 16.9 (± 7.6) months. An overall incidence rate of LTFU was 9/1000 person-months. Women’s educational status, residence, HIV-disclosure status, the status of women at enrollment, previous history of HIV and ART adherence were significant predictors of LTFU. The incidence of LTFU from Option B+ PMTCT is lower as compared to evidence from sub-Saharan African and strengthening linkage and referral system between clinics as well as establishing appropriates tracing mechanisms would retain pregnant women in the program.
Ability of biofilm production and molecular analysis of spa and ica genes among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Omidi Mitra , Firoozeh Farzaneh , Saffari Mahmood , Sedaghat Hossein , Zibaei Mohammad , Khaledi Azad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation and spa and ica genes among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Result
This cross-sectional study was performed on 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized patients in Isfahan Province Hospitals. MRSA isolates were confirmed using disk diffusion test with oxacillin disk and amplification of mecA gene by PCR assays. Ability of biofilm production was evaluated targeting the icaA and icaD genes. Of 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 24 (16.4%) carried mecA genes and identified as MRSA strains. Strong ability of biofilm production was seen among 76.02% (111/146) S. aureus isolates and 87.5% (21/24) MRSA strains, respectively. Also, 75.0% (18/24) MRSA isolates carried icaA and icaD was not detected in these strains. Analysis of spa gene showed 70.83% (17/24) MRSA strains were spa positive. From which 14 and 3 strains identified with one band (150, 270, 300, 360, 400 bp) and two bands (150–300 bp), respectively. According to data obtained, the prevalence of MRSA isolates from Isfahan Province Hospitals is relatively high and a remarkable percentage of them show strong power in biofilm production. Also analysis of spa gene showed a fairly large diversity among MRSA strains.
Association between insomnia and cognitive performance, gray matter volume, and white matter microstructure in cognitively unimpaired adults
Authors:   for the ALFA Study, Grau-Rivera Oriol , Operto Grégory , Falcón Carles , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Cacciaglia Raffaele , Brugulat-Serrat Anna , Gramunt Nina , Salvadó Gemma , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Minguillon Carolina , Iranzo Álex , Gispert Juan Domingo , Molinuevo José Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence links poor sleep quality with a higher risk of late-life dementia. However, the structural and cognitive correlates of insomnia are still not well understood. The study aims were to characterize the cognitive performance and brain structural pattern of cognitively unimpaired adults at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with insomnia.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1683 cognitively unimpaired middle/late-middle-aged adults from the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) study who underwent neuropsychological assessment, T1-weighted structural imaging (n = 366), and diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 334). The World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to define the presence or absence of insomnia. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate differences in cognitive performance between individuals with and without insomnia, as well as potential interactions between insomnia and the APOE genotype. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess between-group differences and potential interactions between insomnia and the APOE genotype in gray matter volume and white matter diffusion metrics.

Results
Insomnia was reported by 615 out of 1683 participants (36.5%), including 137 out of 366 (37.4%) with T1-weighted structural imaging available and 119 out of 334 (35.6%) with diffusion-weighted imaging. Individuals with insomnia (n = 615) performed worse in executive function tests than non-insomniacs and displayed lower gray matter volume in left orbitofrontal and right middle temporal cortex, bilateral precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus, higher gray matter volume in the left caudate nucleus, and widespread reduction of mean and axial diffusivity in right hemisphere white matter tracts. Insomnia interacted with the APOE genotype, with APOE-ε4 carriers displaying lower gray matter volumes when insomnia was present, but higher volumes when insomnia was not present, in several gray matter regions, including the left angular gyrus, the bilateral superior frontal gyri, the thalami, and the right hippocampus.

Conclusions
Insomnia in cognitively unimpaired adults at increased risk for AD is associated to poorer performance in some executive functions and volume changes in cortical and subcortical gray matter, including key areas involved in Alzheimer’s disease, as well as decreased white matter diffusivity.
DNA–protein cross-link repair: what do we know now?
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Xiong Yun , Chen Junjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen a protein is covalently and irreversibly bound to DNA (i.e., a DNA–protein cross-link [DPC]), it may obstruct any DNA-based transaction, such as transcription and replication. DPC formation is very common in cells, as it can arise from endogenous factors, such as aldehyde produced during cell metabolism, or exogenous sources like ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, and chemotherapeutic agents. DPCs are composed of DNA, protein, and their cross-linked bonds, each of which can be targeted by different repair pathways. Many studies have demonstrated that nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination can act on DNA molecules and execute nuclease-dependent DPC repair. Enzymes that have evolved to deal specifically with DPC, such as tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2, can directly reverse cross-linked bonds and release DPC from DNA. The newly identified proteolysis pathway, which employs the proteases Wss1 and SprT-like domain at the N-terminus (SPRTN), can directly hydrolyze the proteins in DPCs, thus offering a new venue for DPC repair in cells. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of each pathway and the interplay among them may provide new guidance for targeting DPC repair as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here, we summarize the progress in DPC repair field and describe how cells may employ these different repair pathways for efficient repair of DPCs.
Practising an explosive eruption in Iceland: outcomes from a European exercise
Authors: Witham Claire , Barsotti Sara , Dumont Stéphanie , Oddsson Björn , Sigmundsson Freysteinn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 3 day exercise simulating unrest and a large explosive eruption at Katla volcano, Iceland, was conducted in January 2016. A large volume of simulated data based on a complex, but realistic eruption scenario was compiled in advance and then transmitted to exercise participants in near-real time over the course of the exercise. The scenario was designed to test the expertise and procedures of the local institutions in charge of warning and responding to volcanic hazards, namely the volcano observatory, national civil protection, and the local university-science sector, as well as their interactions with the European science community and the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre. This exercise was the first of this magnitude and scope in Iceland and has revealed many successful developments introduced since the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grímsvötn eruptions. Following the exercise, 90% of participants said that they felt better prepared for a future eruption. As with any exercise, it also identified areas where further development is required and improvements can be made to procedures. Seven key recommendations are made to further develop capability and enhance the collaboration between the volcano observatory, volcano research institutions and civil protection authorities. These recommendations cover topics including notification of responders, authoritative messaging, data sharing and media interaction, and are more broadly applicable to volcanic institutions elsewhere. Lessons and suggestions for how to run a large-scale volcanic exercise are given and could be adopted by those planning to rehearse their own response procedures.
Solvability of functional-integral equations (fractional order) using measure of noncompactness
Authors: Arab Reza , Nashine Hemant Kumar , Can N. H. , Binh Tran Thanh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigate the solutions of functional-integral equation of fractional order in the setting of a measure of noncompactness on real-valued bounded and continuous Banach space. We introduce a new μ-set contraction operator and derive generalized Darbo fixed point results using an arbitrary measure of noncompactness in Banach spaces. An illustration is given in support of the solution of a functional-integral equation of fractional order.
Perfusion and permeability MRI in glioma grading
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Fatihoğlu Erdem , Koşar Pınar Nercis , Ergün Elif 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
MRI is successful in showing the anatomy of probable pathologies of the central nervous system. Although it may not be sufficient to reveal physiological and metabolic changes, advanced MRI techniques, such as perfusion and permeability MRI, are the key to overcoming these limitations. The aim of this study was to detect the efficacy of permeability and perfusion MRI techniques.

Results
The study included 38 patients with a pathology result of primary brain glioma. The permeability MRI (Ktrans, Ve), perfusion MRI values (CBV, CBF), and pathology results were evaluated. The high-grade group included 22 patients, and the low-grade group, 16 patients. Mean CBV and CBF, median Ktrans, and Ve values were higher in the high-grade group. All parameters tended to elevate with grade and had a positive correlation. CBV > 2.25, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, CBF > 2.02, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, Ktrans > 0.043, with sensitivity of 81.82% and specificity of 100%, and Ve > 0.255, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, can predict high grade.

Conclusion
Perfusion and permeability MRI can be used safely for the differentiation of high- and low-grade gliomas and for the prediction of glioma grades.
Pain Management Using Clinical Pharmacy Assessments With and Without Pharmacogenomics in an Oncology Palliative Medicine Clinic
Authors: Patel Jai N. , Boselli Danielle , Hamadeh Issam S. , Symanowski James , Edwards Rebecca , Susi Beth , Greiner Rebecca , Baldassare Donna , Waller Melissa , Wodarski Stephanie , Turner ShRhonda , Slaughter Courtney , Edelen Connie 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE: Approximately 30% of patients with cancer who have pain have symptomatic improvement within 1 month using conventional pain management strategies. Engaging clinical pharmacists in palliative medicine (PM) and use of pharmacogenomic testing may improve cancer pain management. METHODS: Adult patients with cancer with uncontrolled pain had baseline assessments performed by PM providers using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Pharmacotherapy was initiated or modified accordingly. A subset of patients consented to pharmacogenomic testing. The first pharmacy assessment occurred within 1 week of baseline and a second assessment was done within another week if intervention was required. Each patient’s final visit was at 1 month. Pain improvement rate (a reduction of two or more points on a 0-to-10 pain scale) from baseline to final visit was compared applying the Fisher exact test to published historical control data, and between patients with and without pharmacogenomic testing. Multivariate logistic regression identified pain improvement covariates. RESULTS: Of 142 patients undergoing pharmacy assessments, 53% had pain improvement compared with 30% in historical control subjects ( P < .001). Pain improvement was not different between those who received (n = 43) and did not receive (n = 99) pharmacogenomics testing (56% v 52%; P = .716). However, of 15 patients with an actionable genotype, 73% had pain improvement. Higher baseline pain (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.24; P < .001), black or other race (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.95; P = .04), and performance status 3 or 4 (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.83; P = .03) were associated with odds of pain improvement, but pharmacogenomic testing was not ( P = .64). CONCLUSION: Including pharmacists in PM improves pain management effectiveness. Although pharmacogenomics did not statistically improve pain, a subset of patients with actionable genotypes may have benefited, warranting larger and randomized studies.
Iron Overload Associated Endocrine Dysfunction Leading to Lower Bone Mineral Density in Thalassemia Major
Authors: Yang Wen-Ping , Chang Hsiu-Hao , Li Hung-Yuan , Lai Ying-Chuen , Huang Tse-Ying , Tsai Keh-Sung , Lin Kai-Hsin , Lin Dong-Tsamn , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Lu Meng-Yao , Yang Yung-Li , Chou Shu-Wei , Shih Shyang-Rong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Context
Patients with thalassemia major (TM) have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) and higher risk of fracture than the general population. The possible mechanisms include anemia, iron overload, malnutrition, and hormonal deficiency, but these have not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective
To identify major mineral and hormonal factors related to BMD in adult TM patients to provide human evidence for the proposed mechanisms.

Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Referral center.

Patients
Twenty-nine patients with β-TM, aged 23 to 44 years who were followed-up during 2017 to 2018 were enrolled.

Outcome measurements
Endocrine profiles, including thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary function, glucose, vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were obtained. The relationships among the above parameters, body height, fractures, and BMD were analyzed.

Results
Abnormal BMD was observed in 42.9% of women and 23.1% of men. The mean final heights of women and men were 3.7 cm and 7.3 cm lower than the mean expected values, respectively. Fracture history was recorded in 26.7% of women and 35.7% of men. BMD was negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone, FGF23, thyrotropin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and positively correlated with testosterone, IGF-1, and corticotropin levels (all P &lt; .05). Moreover, hypothyroidism was associated with lower BMD in both the lumbar spine (P = .024) and the femoral neck (P = .004). Patients with hypothyroidism had a higher percentage of abnormal BMD (P = .016).

Conclusion
Hypothyroidism, higher HbA1c, and lower adrenocorticotropin were predictors of abnormal BMD in patients with β-TM. Whether the correction of these factors improves BMD warrants further research.
Increased Energy Intake After Pregnancy Determines Postpartum Weight Retention in Women With Obesity
Authors: Most Jasper , Altazan Abby D , St. Amant Marshall , Beyl Robbie A , Ravussin Eric , Redman Leanne M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextThis study was designed to understand causes and critical periods for postpartum weight retention by characterizing changes in body composition, energy intake, energy expenditure and physical activity in women with obesity during pregnancy and postpartum.DesignIn this prospective, observational cohort study, body composition (plethysmography), energy expenditure (doubly labeled water, whole-body room calorimetry), physical activity (accelerometry), metabolic biomarkers, and eating behaviors were measured. Energy intake was calculated by the intake-balance method for pregnancy, and for 2 postpartum periods (0 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months).ResultsDuring the 18-month observation period, weight loss occurred in 16 (43%) women (mean ± SEM, −4.9 ± 1.6 kg) and weight retention occurred in 21 (57%) women (+8.6 ± 1.4 kg). Comparing women with postpartum weight loss and weight retention, changes in body weight were not different during pregnancy (6.9 ± 1.0 vs 9.5 ± 0.9 kg, P = 0.06). After pregnancy, women with postpartum weight loss lost −3.6 ± 1.8 kg fat mass whereas women with weight retention gained 6.2 ± 1.7 kg fat mass (P &lt; 0.001). Women with postpartum weight loss reduced energy intake during the postpartum period (compared with during pregnancy) by 300 kcal/d (1255 kJ/d), while women with weight retention increased energy intake by 250 kcal/d (1046 kJ/d, P &lt; 0.005). There were no differences in the duration of breastfeeding, eating behavior, or metabolic biomarkers.ConclusionsPostpartum weight gain was the result of increased energy intake after pregnancy rather than decreased energy expenditure. Dietary intake recommendations are needed for women with obesity during the postpartum period, and women should be educated on the risk of overeating after pregnancy.
Regulação ineficaz para forçar alongamento: O caso da Previdência Complementar Aberta no Brasil
Authors: Carpizo Luiz Guilherme , Gomes Pinto Garcia Márcio 
Published: January 2020

Apesar da queda da taxa de juros observada no Brasil nas últimas décadas, combinada com regulações especificas sobre a Previdência Complementar Aberta que incentivam a tomada de risco de longo prazo, as instituições desse segmento aparentam ser consideravelmente sensíveis a fatores de curto prazo, ao mesmo tempo que evitam exposição a fatores de risco de prazos longos. Com dados de alocação de portfólio de grandes entidades, implementamos um modelo VAR para avaliar o impacto da taxa de juros sobre decisões de gestão de carteira e realizamos uma análise contrafactual a fim de definir o efeito causal da regulação sobre a tomada adicional de risco. Os resultados indicam que aumentos na taxa de juros geram reduções significantes e persistentes de investimentos em ativos mais arriscados e de maior maturidade, ao passo que a regulação implementada não foi capaz de forçar a maior tomada de risco por parte das instituições, além de gerar distorções em segmentos do mercado financeiro brasileiro.
O novo paradigma da decisão a partir do art. 20 da LINDB: análise do dispositivo segundo as teorias de Richard Posner e Neil MacCormick
Authors: Alves Francisco Sérgio Maia 
Published: January 2020

The new paradigm of decision based on art. 20 of the LINDB: analysis of the text according to the theories of Richard Posner and Neil MacCormick O presente trabalho visa analisar o art. 20 da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB), introduzido pela Lei nº 13.655/2018. Para tanto, será mostrado como os valores jurídicos foram excluídos e novamente reintroduzidos na prática jurídica e como essa reintrodução gerou preocupações quanto ao aumento da discricionariedade da aplicação do direito. O artigo apresentará as teorias pragmática e consequencialista, segundo a doutrina de dois de seus principais expoentes, Richard Posner e Neil MacCormick. No afã de cumprir o objetivo central do artigo, serão delimitados os conceitos de valores jurídicos abstratos e consequências práticas da decisão, no contexto do art. 20 da LINDB, e, por fim, definido o espaço de aplicação do dispositivo. This work aims to analyze art. 20 of the Law of Introduction to the Rules of Brazilian Law (LINDB), or Law No. 13.655/2018. To do so, it will be shown how legal values were excluded and reintroduced in legal practice and how this reintroduction raised concerns regarding the increase of discretion in the application of the law. The article will present pragmatic and consequentialist theories, in line with the doctrine of two of its main exponents, Richard Posner and Neil MacCormick. In order to meet the key objective of the article, the concepts of abstract legal values and practical consequences of the decision will be described in the context of art. 20 of the LINDB, concluding with a definition of the area in which the law is applied.
Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: CAHYANTO TRI , Efendi Muhammad , SHOFARA RICKY MUSHOFFA , DZAKIYYAH MUNA , NURLAELA  , SATRIA PRIMA G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Shofara RM. 2019. Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2197-2205. A floristic survey was conducted in submontane forest of Block Pulus ​​Mount Burangrang West Java. The objectives of the study were to inventory vascular plant and do quantitative measurements of floristic composition as well as their structure vegetation in the submontane forest of Nature Reserves Mt. Burangrang, Purwakarta West Java. Samples were recorded using exploration methods, in the hiking traill of Mt. Burangrang, from 946 to 1110 m asl. Vegetation analysis was done using sampling plots methods, with plot size of 500 m2 in four locations. Result was that 208 species of vascular plant consisting of basal family of angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots (33 species), eudicots (1 species), superrosids (1 species), rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and asterids (47), added with 25 species of pterydophytes were found in the area. The three families of plants are Lauraceae (10 species), Urticaceae (9 species), and Rubiaceae (8 species) dominating those areas. Fourteen species belong to IUCN red list: Least concern/LC (12 species), Vulnerable/VU (1 species), and endangered/EN (1 species). Furthermore, Castanopsis argentea A.DC, Pinanga javana Blume and Amorphophallus decus-silvae Backer & Aldrew belonging to protected plants are also found in the area. Based on the assessment of analysis vegetation, the forest has experienced disturbance, the density of trees is commonly low and has a lot of gaps. Many vacant lots are found. On the other side, there is the presence of invasive plant species that may slow down a succession into climax growth of local plant.