bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on interventional cardiology fellowship training in the New York metropolitan area: A perspective from the United States epicenter
Authors: Gupta Tanush , Nazif Tamim M. , Vahl Torsten P. , Ahmad Hasan , Bortnick Anna E. , Feit Frederick , Jauhar Rajiv , Kandov Ruben , Kim Michael , Kini Annapoorna , Lawson William , Leber Robert , Lee Alexander , Moreyra Abel E. , Minutello Robert M. , Sacchi Terrence , Vaidya Pranaychan J. , Leon Martin B. , Parikh Sahil A. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Kodali Susheel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe healthcare burden posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the New York Metropolitan area has necessitated the postponement of elective procedures resulting in a marked reduction in cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) volumes with a potential to impact interventional cardiology (IC) fellowship training.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based survey sent electronically to 21 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited IC fellowship program directors (PDs) and their respective fellows.ResultsFourteen programs (67%) responded to the survey and all acknowledged a significant decrease in CCL procedural volumes. More than half of the PDs reported part of their CCL being converted to inpatient units and IC fellows being redeployed to COVID‐19 related duties. More than two‐thirds of PDs believed that the COVID‐19 pandemic would have a moderate (57%) or severe (14%) adverse impact on IC fellowship training, and 21% of the PDs expected their current fellows' average percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume to be below 250. Of 25 IC fellow respondents, 95% expressed concern that the pandemic would have a moderate (72%) or severe (24%) adverse impact on their fellowship training, and nearly one‐fourth of fellows reported performing fewer than 250 PCIs as of March 1st. Finally, roughly one‐third of PDs and IC fellows felt that there should be consideration of an extension of fellowship training or a period of early career mentorship after fellowship.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a significant reduction in CCL procedural volumes that is impacting IC fellowship training in the NY metropolitan area. These results should inform professional societies and accreditation bodies to offer tailored opportunities for remediation of affected trainees.
Radiation therapy and the risk of herpes zoster in patients with cancer
Authors: Shimizuguchi Takuya , Sekiya Noritaka , Hara Konan , Taguchi Ayumi , Nakajima Yujiro , Miyake Yu , Shibata Yukiko , Taguchi Kentaro , Ogawa Hiroaki , Ito Kei , Karasawa Katsuyuki 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe role and impact of radiation therapy (RT) on the development of herpes zoster (HZ) has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between RT and HZ.MethodsA propensity score‐matched, retrospective cohort study was conducted using institutional cancer registry data and medical records from 2011 to 2015. The risk of developing HZ in the RT and non‐RT groups was compared using a Cox proportional hazards model. Associations also were explored between the RT field and the anatomic location of HZ in patients who developed HZ after RT. The expected number of HZ events within the radiation field was calculated according to the RT received by each patient; then, this number was compared with the observed number of in‐field events.ResultsOf 17,655 patients, propensity score matching yielded 4350 pairs; of these, 3891 pairs were eligible for comparison. The cumulative incidence of HZ in the RT group (vs the non‐RT group) during the first 5 years after the index date was 2.1% (vs 0.7%) at 1 year, 3.0% (vs 1.0%) at 2 years, 3.4% (vs 1.3%) at 3 years, 4.1% vs 1.7% at 4 years, and 4.4% vs 1.8% at 5 years. The RT group showed a significantly higher risk of HZ than the non‐RT group (hazard ratio, 2.59, 95% CI, 1.84‐3.66). In the 120 patients who developed HZ after RT, HZ events were observed significantly more frequently within the RT field than expected (74 vs 43.8 events; P < .001).ConclusionsPatients with cancer who received RT showed a significantly higher risk of HZ, which was commonly observed within the radiation field.
Association of GSTM1 null variant with anthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy after childhood cancer—A Children's Oncology Group ALTE03N1 report
Authors: Singh Purnima , Wang Xuexia , Hageman Lindsey , Chen Yanjun , Magdy Tarek , Landier Wendy , Ginsberg Jill P. , Neglia Joseph P. , Sklar Charles A. , Castellino Sharon M. , Dreyer Zoann E. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Blanco Javier G. , Relling Mary V. , Burridge Paul , Bhatia Smita 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAnthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of late morbidity in childhood cancer survivors. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are a class of phase II detoxification enzymes that facilitate the elimination of anthracyclines. As free‐radical scavengers, GSTs could play a role in oxidative damage‐induced cardiomyopathy. Associations between the GSTμ1 (GSTM1) null genotype and iron‐overload–related cardiomyopathy have been reported in patients with thalassemia.MethodsThe authors sought to identify an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and anthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy in childhood cancer survivors and to corroborate the association by examining GSTM1 gene expression in peripheral blood and human‐induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) from survivors with and without cardiomyopathy. GSTM1 gene deletion was examined by polymerase chain reaction in 75 survivors who had clinically validated cardiomyopathy (cases) and in 92 matched survivors without cardiomyopathy (controls). Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for sex, age at cancer diagnosis, chest radiation, and anthracycline dose was used to assess the association between genotype and cardiomyopathy. Proprietary bead array technology and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure GSTM1 expression levels in samples from 20 cases and 20 matched controls. hiPSC‐CMs from childhood cancer survivors (3 with cardiomyopathy, 3 without cardiomyopathy) also were examined for GSTM1 gene expression levels.ResultsA significant association was observed between the risk of cardiomyopathy and the GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.9; P = .007). There was significant downregulation of GSTM1 expression in cases compared with controls (average relative expression, 0.67 ± 0.57 vs 1.33 ± 1.33, respectively; P = .049). hiPSC‐CMs from patients who had cardiomyopathy revealed reduced GSTM1 expression (P = .007).ConclusionsThe current findings could facilitate the identification of childhood cancer survivors who are at risk for anthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy.
The effects of clinically‐derived parametric data uncertainty in patient‐specific coronary simulations with deformable walls
Authors: Seo Jongmin , Schiavazzi Daniele E. , Kahn Andrew M. , Marsden Alison L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCardiovascular simulations are increasingly used for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, to guide treatment decisions, and in the design of medical devices. Quantitative assessment of the variability of simulation outputs due to input uncertainty is a key step toward further integration of cardiovascular simulations in the clinical workflow. In this study, we present uncertainty quantification in computational models of the coronary circulation to investigate the effect of uncertain parameters, including coronary pressure waveform, intramyocardial pressure, morphometry exponent, and the vascular wall Young's modulus. We employ a left coronary artery model with deformable vessel walls, simulated via an Arbitrary‐Lagrangian‐Eulerian framework for fluid‐structure interaction, with a prescribed inlet pressure and open‐loop lumped parameter network outlet boundary conditions. Stochastic modeling of the uncertain inputs is determined from intra‐coronary catheterization data or gathered from the literature. Uncertainty propagation is performed using several approaches including Monte Carlo, Quasi Monte Carlo sampling, stochastic collocation, and multi‐wavelet stochastic expansion. Variabilities in the quantities of interest, including branch pressure, flow, wall shear stress, and wall deformation are assessed. We find that uncertainty in inlet pressures and intramyocardial pressures significantly affect all resulting QoIs, while uncertainty in elastic modulus only affects the mechanical response of the vascular wall. Variability in the morphometry exponent used to distribute the total downstream vascular resistance to the single outlets, has little effect on coronary hemodynamics or wall mechanics. Finally, we compare convergence behaviors of statistics of QoIs using several uncertainty propagation methods on three model benchmark problems and the left coronary simulations. From the simulation results, we conclude that the multi‐wavelet stochastic expansion shows superior accuracy and performance against Quasi Monte Carlo and stochastic collocation methods.
Maximum of the Characteristic Polynomial for a Random Permutation Matrix
Authors: Cook Nicholas , Zeitouni Ofer 
Published: May 2020

Let PN be a uniform random N × N permutation matrix and let χN(z) = det(zIN − PN) denote its characteristic polynomial. We prove a law of large numbers for the maximum modulus of χN on the unit circle, specifically, with probability tending to 1 as N → ∞, for a numerical constant x0 ≈ 0.652. The main idea of the proof is to uncover a logarithmic correlation structure for the distribution of (the logarithm of) χN, viewed as a random field on the circle, and to adapt a well‐known second‐moment argument for the maximum of the branching random walk. Unlike the well‐studied CUE field in which PN is replaced with a Haar unitary, the distribution of χN(e2πit) is sensitive to Diophantine properties of the point t. To deal with this we borrow tools from the Hardy‐Littlewood circle method. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Erlotinib Hydrochloride Tablets: Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Period Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Wang Lu , Ruan Zourong , Yang Dandan , Hu Yin , Liang Jian , Chen Jinliang , Shao Rong , Xu Yichao , Guan Yanlu , Jiang Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA randomized, open‐label, 2‐period crossover study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets (a test formulation and a reference formulation) in healthy Chinese subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive a single oral dose of the erlotinib hydrochloride test or reference formulation (150 mg) under fasting conditions. The washout period was 12 days. Blood samples were collected at scheduled time points, and plasma concentrations were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. A noncompartmental method was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the 2 formulations. Safety assessments were performed during the whole study period. The results suggest that the pharmacokinetic parameter values of the test formulation were similar to those of the reference formulation. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least‐squares mean ratios of the test to reference formulation were 94.06% to 105.43% for maximum concentration, 88.21% to 97.57% for area under the concentration‐time curve to last measurement, and 87.37% to 97.14% for area under the curve extrapolated to infinity, which are all within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. These findings suggest that the 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets were bioequivalent in accordance with predetermined regulatory criteria.
Enhancement of Negative Photochromic Properties of Naphthalene‐Bridged Phenoxyl‐Imidazolyl Radical Complex
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Mutoh Katsuya , Abe Jiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNegative photochromism has increased attention as a light‐switch for functional materials. A development of fast photochromic molecules has been also expected because a rapid thermal back reaction within a millisecond time scale is useful for real‐time switching. Herein, we synthesized the derivatives of the naphthalene‐bridged phenoxyl‐imidazolyl radical complex (Np−PIC) showing the negative photochromism to demonstrate the efficient strategy to increase the visible light sensitivity and to control the thermal back reaction rates. The distances of the C−C bond of the transient 2,4’‐isomer shows good agreement with the thermodynamic stability, leading to the control of the thermal back reaction rate. We revealed the cyclic voltammetry and the DFT calculations are efficient to predict the characters of the HOMO and LUMO. The introduction of the electron‐withdrawing dicyanoquinodimethane group is efficient to induce the photochromic reaction with increased visible‐light sensitivity by the expansion of the π‐conjugation. The results will give an important insight for the future development of fast‐responsive negative photochromic molecules.
Live lectures and videos do not differ in relation to learning outcomes of dental ergonomics
Authors: Leinonen Jukka , Laitala Marja‐Liisa , Pirttilahti Julia , Niskanen Leena , Pesonen Paula , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the knowledge attained by third‐year dental students in physical ergonomics altering live lectures and videos in teaching. The second aim was to investigate implementation of the theoretical knowledge on ergonomics into practice.Material and methodsForty‐five students divided into two groups attended a live lecture (45 min) or viewed videos (45 min). After the first teaching session, the groups changed parts. All students answered a questionnaire with 13 true or false‐questions on ergonomics at baseline and immediately after both teaching sessions. Friedman's test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to compare questionnaire scores of the student groups. Additionally, we photographed 17 randomly selected students 3 months after baseline during a simulation workshop on endodontics. We analyzed the photographs for ergonomic postures using a specific 12‐point checklist.ResultsAt baseline, no difference in the knowledge between the two groups was discovered, when both scored 72%. After the first teaching session, significant improvement in both groups (p < .05) was found; and there was no statistically significant difference in the scores between the groups (88% in the lecture‐first and 82% in the video‐first group). After the second teaching session, the scores were similar in both groups. Overall all improvement in both groups was significant (p < .001). The photograph analysis showed half of the postures being in accord with the ergonomic guidelines.ConclusionsBoth live lectures and videos showed similar outcomes in teaching ergonomics. Implementation of the knowledge on ergonomics is insufficient. Videos provide an easy‐to‐organize alternative to live lectures in teaching dental ergonomics. New means are needed to have dental students implement their knowledge on ergonomics into practice.
In vitro pharmacology of fentanyl analogs at the human mu opioid receptor and their spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Hassanien Sherif H. , Bassman Jonathon R. , Perrien Naccarato Carmelita M. , Twarozynski Jack J. , Traynor John R. , Iula Donna M. , Anand Jessica P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOpioids are widely misused and account for almost half of overdose deaths in the United States. The cost in terms of lives, health care, and lost productivity is significant and has been declared a national crisis. Fentanyl is a highly potent mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and plays a significant role in the current opioid epidemic; fentanyl and its analogs (fentalogs) are increasingly becoming one of the biggest dangers in the opioid crisis. The availability of fentalogs in the illicit market is thought to play a significant role in the recent increase in opioid‐related deaths. Although there is both rodent homolog in vivo and in vitro data for some fentalogs, prior to this publication very little was known about the pharmacology of many of these illicit compounds at the human MOR (hMOR). Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and in vitro assays, this study describes the spectral and pharmacological properties of 34 fentalogs. The reported spectra and chemical data will allow for easy identification of novel fentalogs in unknown or mixed samples. Taken together these data are useful for law enforcement and clinical workers as they will aid in the identification of fentalogs in unknown samples and can potentially be used to predict physiological effects after exposure.
Interspecific variation and elevated CO2 influence the relationship between plant chemical resistance and regrowth tolerance
Authors: Decker Leslie E. , Hunter Mark D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo understand how comprehensive plant defense phenotypes will respond to global change, we investigated the legacy effects of elevated CO2 on the relationships between chemical resistance (constitutive and induced via mechanical damage) and regrowth tolerance in four milkweed species (Asclepias). We quantified potential resistance and tolerance trade‐offs at the physiological level following simulated mowing, which are relevant to milkweed ecology and conservation. We examined the legacy effects of elevated CO2 on four hypothesized trade‐offs between the following: (a) plant growth rate and constitutive chemical resistance (foliar cardenolide concentrations), (b) plant growth rate and mechanically induced chemical resistance, (c) constitutive resistance and regrowth tolerance, and (d) regrowth tolerance and mechanically induced resistance. We observed support for one trade‐off between plant regrowth tolerance and mechanically induced resistance traits that was, surprisingly, independent of CO2 exposure. Across milkweed species, mechanically induced resistance increased by 28% in those plants previously exposed to elevated CO2. In contrast, constitutive resistance and the diversity of mechanically induced chemical resistance traits declined in response to elevated CO2 in two out of four milkweed species. Finally, previous exposure to elevated CO2 uncoupled the positive relationship between plant growth rate and regrowth tolerance following damage. Our data highlight the complex and dynamic nature of plant defense phenotypes under environmental change and question the generality of physiologically based defense trade‐offs.
Small coastal streams—Critical reservoirs of genetic diversity for trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the face of increasing anthropogenic stressors
Authors: King R. Andrew , Stockley Bruce , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used microsatellite markers to investigate levels and structuring of genetic diversity in trout (Salmo trutta L.) sampled from 16 rivers along the south coast of Cornwall in southwest England. This region is characterized by many small coastal streams with a few larger catchments. At a regional level, genetic structuring of contemporary populations has been influenced by a combination of events, including the last Ice Age and also more recent human activities over the last millennium. All populations are shown to have gone through strong genetic bottlenecks, coinciding with increased exploitation of mineral resources within catchments, beginning during the Medieval period. At more local levels, contemporary human‐induced habitat fragmentation, such as weir and culvert construction, has disproportionally affected trout populations in the smaller catchments within the study area. However, where small catchments are relatively unaffected by such activities, they can host trout populations with diversity levels comparable to those found in larger rivers in the region. We also predict significant future loses of diversity and heterozygosity in the trout populations inhabiting small, isolated catchments. Our study highlights how multiple factors, especially the activity of humans, have and continue to affect the levels and structuring of genetic diversity in trout over long timescales.
Infusion of N‐acetyl cysteine during hypoglycaemia in humans does not preserve the counterregulatory response to subsequent hypoglycaemia
Authors: Moheet Amir , Kumar Anjali , Zhang Yuan , Eberly Lynn , Coles Lisa D. , Seaquist Elizabeth R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimAdministration of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) during hypoglycaemia will preserve the counterregulatory response to subsequent hypoglycaemia in healthy humans.MethodsThis was a randomized double‐blind cross over study where humans were given either a 60‐minute infusion of NAC (150 mg/kg) followed by a 4‐hour infusion of NAC (50 mg/kg) or saline starting 30 minutes before the initiation of a 2‐hour hypoglycaemic (HG) clamp at 8 am. After rest at euglycaemia for ~2 hours, subjects were exposed to a 2nd HG clamp at 2 pm and discharged home in euglycaemia. They returned the following day for a 3rd HG clamp at 8 am.ResultsTwenty‐two subjects were enrolled. Eighteen subjects completed the entire protocol. The epinephrine response during clamp 3 (171 ± 247 pg/mL) following clamp 1 NAC infusion was lower than the response during the clamp 1 NAC infusion (538 ± 392 pg/mL) (clamp 3 to clamp 1 NAC: P = .0013). The symptom response during clamp 3 (7 ± 5) following clamp 1 NAC infusion was lower than the response during the clamp 1 NAC infusion (16 ± 10) (clamp 3 to clamp 1 NAC: P = .0003). Nine subjects experienced rash, pruritus or nausea during NAC infusion.ConclusionWe found no difference in the hormone and symptom response to experimental hypoglycaemia measured in subjects who were administered NAC as opposed to saline the day before. This observation suggests that further development of NAC as a therapy for impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes may be unwarranted.
Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons (MOSH/MOAH) in Edible Oils and Possible Minimization by Deodorization Through the Example of Cocoa Butter
Authors: Stauff Anna , Schnapka Julia , Heckel Frank , Matissek Reinhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are present in many fats and oils as well as foods prepared thereof. A survey of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in different types of vegetable fats and oils is reported. Contents of MOSH/MOAH were quantified using liquid chromatography online‐coupled to gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (LC‐GC‐FID). Cocoa butter (n = 142) showed levels from <LOQ (2.5 mg kg−1) to 162 mg kg−1 ΣMOSH (sum of C10–C50) and <LOQ to 55 mg kg−1 ΣMOAH, in palm oil (n = 21) ΣMOSH were quantified from <LOQ to 124 mg kg−1 and ΣMOAH from <LOQ to 39 mg kg−1. Sunflower oil showed lower levels: ΣMOSH were determined in the range of <LOQ to 17 mg kg−1 and MOAH were not observed at all. A possible influence of deodorization and a subsequent minimization of MOSH/MOAH was investigated. Systematic model‐experiments were performed on laboratory scale using spiked cocoa butter. Significant minimization of volatile MOH subfractions ≤C24 were observed at a deodorization temperature of 210 °C. Deodorization can be considered as an important processing step to reduce or even remove volatile MOSH/MOAH ≤C24.Practical Applications: Regardless of their possible entry routes into the food chain, volatile fractions of MOSH/MOAH can be removed by deodorizing vegetable fats and oils. This model‐study identifies the temperatures of deodorization that provide a significant improvement toward minimization of undesired MOSH/MOAH.