bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR09: STAG2 mutations alter topologic organization of the genome and cis-mediated interactions
Authors: Surdez Didier , Zaidi Sakina , Grossetête Sandrine , Raynal Virginie , Baulande Sylvain , Hill Véronique , Delattre Olivier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
STAG2 is one of the most recurrently mutated genes in human cancer, including in Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive bone tumor driven by the chimeric EWSR1-FLI1 transcription factor. We and others have shown that STAG2 mutations occurs in approximately 20% of Ewing sarcoma, leading most frequently to complete loss of function (LOF) of its protein. We also showed that STAG2 mutations were associated with poor outcome for these patients. However, functional mechanisms associated with these mutations are still poorly understood. STAG2 encodes an integral member of the cohesin complex, a ring-shaped multiprotein structure, which is important for proper sister chromatid cohesion and release during mitosis. Cohesin, together with CTCF, is also essential to shape the architecture of the genome through its ring structure that allows for chromatin loops formation. Here, we investigated STAG2 and STAG1 functions using isogenic proficient and deficient Ewing sarcoma models. Using extensive characterization of these models by transcriptomics and epigenetics approaches, we demonstrate that STAG2 LOF has a major impact on the expression of genes associated with enhancer features, highlighting STAG2 and EWSR1-FLI1 convergent effects. Using chromatin conformation capture methods, we further show that this transcriptomic modulation results from a STAG2 LOF specific topologic alteration of the genome. This work therefore unravels a new fundamental role of STAG2 in topologic organization of the genome and in gene regulation.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B53.
Citation Format: Didier Surdez, Sakina Zaidi, Sandrine Grossetête, Virginie Raynal, Sylvain Baulande, Véronique Hill, Olivier Delattre. STAG2 mutations alter topologic organization of the genome and cis-mediated interactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.
Abstract PR14: Ewing sarcoma cells exploit the IL1RAP-CTH axis to drive oxidative stress adaptation and lung metastasis
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , El-Naggar Amal M. , Cheng Hongwei , Delaidelli Alberto , Negri Gian Luca , Li Wei , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Sorensen Poul H.B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Metastasis is a highly inefficient process due to the high oxidative stress that cancer cells experience, such as in the circulation and at distant organs prior to colonization. How cancer cells adapt to those stressful conditions and develop anti-anoikis properties remains elusive. Here our global translatome and proteome analyses have uncovered novel signatures exploited by oncogene-transformed cells to adapt and survive anoikis-inducing stress. We reveal that EWS-ETS chimeric oncoproteins trigger the expression of the IL1RAP surface protein to alleviate oxidative stress and facilitate stress adaptation, thereby promoting lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. Proteomic profiling identifies CTH, a key enzyme for de novo cysteine synthesis and redox regulation, as an important functional downstream mediator of IL1RAP. Blockade of either IL1RAP or CTH, using genetic or pharmacologic approaches, renders EWS cells susceptible to oxidative stress in vitro, and dramatically mitigates primary tumor growth, local invasion and lung metastasis in mice. Importantly, high expression of this IL1RAP-CTH axis correlates with markedly decreased overall and event-free survival in EWS patients. Thus, our study has defined a novel mechanism exploited by EWS cells for metastasis, which can be a potential therapeutic target for high-risk metastatic EWS.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B58.
Citation Format: Haifeng Zhang, Amal M. El-Naggar, Hongwei Cheng, Alberto Delaidelli, Gian Luca Negri, Wei Li, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Poul H.B. Sorensen. Ewing sarcoma cells exploit the IL1RAP-CTH axis to drive oxidative stress adaptation and lung metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr PR14.
Abstract PR15: Acting at a distance: Medulloblastoma-secreted ligands disrupt normal neural stem cell function
Authors: Gont Alexander , Simonetta Jaclin V. , Park Jenna , Shan Alice R. , Borrett Michael J. , Taylor Michael D. , Miller Freda D. , Kaplan David R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairments are common in pediatric brain cancer survivors. While these impairments are thought to arise following radiation treatment, recent reports suggest a link to tumor-specific mechanisms. We therefore hypothesized that pediatric brain tumors, more specifically medulloblastoma (MB), can directly affect neural stem and precursor cell function in the forebrain stem cell niche—the subventricular zone (V-SVZ) —by secreting bioactive factors. Mice harboring subcutaneous flank MB tumors had fewer proliferating neural precursor cells in the V-SVZ than controls as well as decreased olfactory bulb neurogenesis and white matter oligodendrogenesis. To assess the effects of the MB secretome in the brain, concentrated conditioned media from MB cell lines (MB-CM) was injected intracerebroventricular (ICV) into mouse pups. ICV injection of MB-CM decreased neural precursor cell proliferation as well as decreased numbers of V-SVZ neurospheres in culture. MB-CM from multiple cell lines decreased V-SVZ neurosphere number and promoted astrocyte differentiation in culture. To identify the ligands contributing to the phenotype, an interaction model was developed extracting ligands from MB microarray data, networking them to receptors on NSCs. Of the predicted ligands, IL6-family cytokine expression and secretion was validated in MB cells. When added in culture, recombinant IL6, IL11, and CT1 decreased neurosphere number and ICV injection of IL11 into mouse pups decreased V-SVZ neural precursor cell proliferation. Overall, this work demonstrates that medulloblastoma secretes bioactive compounds that perturb neural stem cell function and the circuity involved in normal cognitive function.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B64.
Citation Format: Alexander Gont, Jaclin V. Simonetta, Jenna Park, Alice R. Shan, Michael J. Borrett, Michael D. Taylor, Freda D. Miller, David R. Kaplan. Acting at a distance: Medulloblastoma-secreted ligands disrupt normal neural stem cell function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr PR15.
Defining Hellenistic Jews in Nineteenth-Century Germany: The Case of Jacob Bernays and Jacob Freudenthal
Authors: Kurtz Paul Michael 
Published: August 2020

Hellenic language and culture occupy a deeply ambivalent place in the mapping of Jewish history. If the entanglement of the Jewish and the Greek became especially conflicted for modern Jews in philhellenic Europe, nowhere was it more vexed than in the German-speaking lands of the long nineteenth century. Amidst the modern redefinition of what it meant to be Jewish as well as doubts about the genuine Jewishness of Hellenistic Judaism, how did scholars identify Jewish authorship behind ambiguous, fragmented, and interpolated texts – all the more with much of the Hebraic allegedly deprived by the Hellenic? This article not only argues for the contingency of diagnostic features deployed to define the Jewish amidst the Greek but also maintains the embeddedness of those features in nineteenth-century Germany. It scrutinizes the criteria deployed to establish Jewish texts and authors of the Hellenistic period: the claims and qualities assumedly suggestive of Judaism. First, the inquiry investigates which characteristics German Jewish scholars expected to see in Greek-speaking Jewish writers of antiquity, interrogating their procedures and their verdicts. Second, it examines how these expectations of antiquity corresponded to those scholars’ own modern world. The analysis centers on Jacob Bernays (1824–1881) and Jacob Freudenthal (1839–1907), two savants who helped establish the modern study of Hellenistic Judaism. Each overturned centuries of learned consensus by establishing an ancient author – Pseudo-Phocylides and Eupolemus, respectively – as Jewish, rather than Christian or pagan. This article ultimately reveals the subtle entanglements as well as the mutually conditioning forces not only of antiquity and modernity but also of the personal and academic, manifest both in the philological analysis of ancient texts and in the larger historiography of antique Judaism in the Graecophone world.
Impacts of MJO on the Intraseasonal Temperature Variation in East Asia
Authors: Kim Sunyong , Kug Jong-Seong , Seo Kyong-Hwan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is closely related to the intraseasonal variability of surface temperature in East Asia. It has been shown that significant cold surface temperature anomalies are observed in East Asia during MJO phase 3. However, the cooling tendency develops prior to phase 3, suggesting that the cold surface anomalies in East Asia are a delayed and accumulated response to the MJO forcings prior to phase 3. Here, using a thermodynamic equation, it is shown that both meridional advection and adiabatic cooling terms associated with the MJO flow are the dominant contributors to the cooling tendency. The meridional cold advection initially manifests in East Asia in the form of northerly wind anomalies in the eastern part of anticyclonic circulation anomalies that are centered over eastern Europe and develop before the establishment of the cold anomalies. It is suggested that the enhanced convection in the western North Pacific Ocean is responsible for the anomalous anticyclonic flow over eastern Europe with about a 10-day lag via a meridionally propagating Rossby wave train. Further, cooling by the vertical wind component in East Asia is a result of adiabatic cooling interpreted as a reversed local overturning circulation, with downward motion in the tropics and upward motion in the subtropics. This anomalous meridional overturning circulation process initiated from suppressed convection spanning the tropical Indian Ocean to East Asia also takes about 10 days. Therefore, both the Rossby wave propagation and a local overturning circulation induced by the tropical convections play an important role in driving the lagged response of cold surface anomalies in East Asia. Interestingly, these tropical convection forcings are similar to the typical dipole pattern in convection during MJO phase 7, with suppressed Indian Ocean convection and enhanced western North Pacific convection. This implies that the dipole convective forcing during MJO phase 7 possibly leads to the cold anomalies in East Asia following phase 3.
Evaluation of IMERG-E Precipitation Estimates for Fire Weather Applications in Alaska
Authors: Gowan Taylor A. , Horel John D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge wildfire outbreaks in Alaska are common from June to August. The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) is used operationally by Alaskan fire managers to produce statewide fire weather outlooks and forecast guidance near active wildfires. The CFFDRS estimates of fire potential and behavior rely heavily on meteorological observations (precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from the relatively small number of in situ stations across Alaska with precipitation being the most critical parameter. To improve the spatial coverage of precipitation estimates across Alaska for fire weather applications, a multisatellite precipitation algorithm was evaluated during six fire seasons (1 June–31 August 2014–19). Near-real-time daily precipitation estimates from the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) algorithm were verified using 322 in situ stations across four Alaskan regions. For each region, empirical cumulative distributions of daily precipitation were obtained from station observations during each summer, and compared to corresponding distributions of interpolated values from IMERG grid points (0.1° × 0.1° grid). The cumulative distributions obtained from IMERG exhibited wet biases relative to the observed distributions for all regions, precipitation amount ranges, and summers. A bias correction approach using regional quantile mapping was developed to mitigate for the IMERG wet bias. The bias-adjusted IMERG daily precipitation estimates were then evaluated and found to produce improved gridded IMERG precipitation estimates. This approach may help to improve situational awareness of wildfire potential across Alaska and be appropriate for other high-latitude regions where there are sufficient in situ precipitation observations to help correct the IMERG precipitation estimates.
The Impact of Weather Forecast Inconsistency on User Trust
Authors: Burgeno Jessica N. , Joslyn Susan L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor high-impact weather events, forecasts often start days in advance. Forecasters believe that consistency among subsequent forecasts is important to user trust and can be reluctant to make changes when newer, potentially more accurate information becomes available. However, to date, there is little empirical evidence for an effect of inconsistency among weather forecasts on user trust, although the reduction in trust due to inaccuracy is well documented. The experimental studies reported here compared the effects of forecast inconsistency and inaccuracy on user trust. Participants made several school closure decisions based on snow accumulation forecasts for one and two days prior to the target event. Consistency and accuracy were varied systematically. Although inconsistency reduced user trust, the effect of the reduction due to inaccuracy was greater in most cases suggesting that it is inadvisable for forecasters to sacrifice accuracy in favor of consistency.
Searching for Grouped Patterns of Heterogeneity in the Climate–Migration Link
Authors: Martínez-Zarzoso I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which international migration can be explained by climate change and whether this relationship varies systematically between groups of countries. The primary focus is to further investigate the heterogeneous effect found for countries with different income levels using a yearly migration dataset and allowing the country grouping to be data driven. For this purpose, a recently proposed statistical technique is used, the grouped fixed-effects (GFE) estimator, which groups the countries of origin according to the data generating process. The results indicate that, on average, increasing population-weighted temperatures are associated with an increase in emigration rates but that the pattern differs between groups. The relationship is driven by a group of countries mainly located in Africa and central Asia. No statistically robust association is found between population-weighted precipitation and emigration.
Gender as a Moderator of the Effect of Education and Acculturation on Cognitive Function: A Study of Older Korean Immigrants
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Jang Yuri , Chiriboga David A. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This study examined gender variations in the effect of education and acculturation on cognitive function in a group of older immigrants. Methods: Data were from the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multistate survey of Korean Americans aged 60 years and older ( N = 2061). Multivariate linear regression models of cognitive function, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination, were tested to examine the independent and interactive effects of education, acculturation, and gender. We hypothesized that gender would be a moderator in the relationships of education and acculturation with cognitive function. Results: Supporting the hypothesis, the positive effect of both education and acculturation was greater among women than men. Furthermore, the positive association of education with cognitive function was pronounced among women with low acculturation. Discussion: Our findings suggest that gender plays a critical role in determining the cognitive health benefit arising from education and acculturation singularly and in concert.
The late success of Soviet language policy: The integration of Russian verbs in languages of the former Soviet Union
Authors: Forker Diana 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study examines the integration of Russian verbs into 50 languages from 12 different language families predominantly spoken in the former Soviet Union with respect to insertion strategies and input forms of Russian verbs. The aim is to test if there are statistically significant distributions between particular insertion strategies and grammatical, areal and sociolinguistic properties of the recipient languages. Methodology: This study applies the typological categories developed by Wohlgemuth for the classification of verbal borrowings by distinguishing three major insertion strategies. The donor language is kept constant (Russian). For every recipient language information on all instances of inserted verbs and data on word order, morphological type, language family and relevant social parameters have been gathered. Data and analysis: The linguistic data largely come from published sources. Frequency data on the distribution of the insertion strategies are quantitatively analyzed and tested for statistically significant correlations with sociolinguistic and typological parameters and areal location. The distributions are visualized by maps. Findings: There are no correlations between insertion strategies and extralinguistic parameters such as the general contact intensity. The two typological features (word order; morphological type) showed some correlations, and areality also plays a certain role. The main factor is the existence of productive insertion strategies within particular families or subbranches. Furthermore, the strategies show different degrees of flexibility with respect to the morphological form of the input and can be ordered along a hierarchy from more flexible (direct insertion) to not flexible at all (paradigm insertion). Originality: This is the first attempt to systematically compare the impact of Russian on languages with different genealogical affiliations, typological profiles and sociolinguistic conditions. Russian is an understudied donor language with a complex verbal morphology. This study is meant to undertake the first step towards a comprehensive study of Slavicization.
Do Term Limits “Limit” the Speaker? Examining the Effects of Legislative Term Limits on State Speaker Power
Authors: Shay Laine P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of legislative term limits in the structure of legislative institutions? Using Mooney’s collective action problem theoretical framework on legislative leadership power, I claim that legislative term limits should be a key determinant in a state Speaker’s power via the delegation of institutional tools that control the lawmaking process. Speakers can use these tools to influence policy outcomes and their colleagues. I test this expectation in an analysis of lower chamber rules in nearly all states between 1981 and 2015. The results indicate that states with implemented term limits are associated with a more powerful Speaker. These findings suggest that a more nuanced relationship between legislative term limits and leadership power exist than previously thought.
Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology, Pathology, and Therapeutic Management in Patients With Mucinous Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Chunmei , Luo Suiyu , Su Ying , Gang Xiaoqing , Chu Peiyuan , Zhang JuXin , Wu Henghui , Liu Guangzhi 
Published: August 2020

Aim: We sought to determine the epidemiology of mucinous ovarian tumors, the correlation between serum biomarkers and tumor status, and the outcomes of the management in different subtypes of mucinous ovarian tumors in a Chinese surgical cohort. Methods: A total of 513 patients were enrolled from January 2009 to May 2017. The number of patients who had benign mucinous ovarian tumor, borderline mucinous ovarian tumor, or malignant mucinous ovarian tumor was pathologically quantified. All patients underwent surgery with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Prognosis was analyzed based on clinicopathological characteristics and the type of treatment received. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy efficacy and adverse effects in patients were also explored. Results: In all, 383 (75%) patients were diagnosed as having benign mucinous ovarian tumor, 76 (14%) patients with borderline mucinous ovarian tumor, and 54 (5%) patients with malignant mucinous ovarian tumor. Levels of serum biomarkers increased as the tumors became more malignant. Patients with stage IA and IC (unilateral) malignant mucinous ovarian tumor who underwent fertility conserving surgery did not experience poorer prognoses when compared to those who received non-fertility conserving surgery. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy followed by chemotherapy significantly influenced survival rates in patients with a ruptured malignant mucinous ovarian tumor. Conclusions: Levels of serum tumor markers, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 199, carbohydrate antigen 242, and carcinoembryonic antigen may be useful in monitoring for malignant transformation. Fertility conserving surgery might be a preferable surgical procedure for patients with malignant mucinous ovarian tumor at early stage (IA and IC [unilateral]). Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy appears to be a well-tolerated and promising postoperative adjuvant.
A cross-genus comparison of grazing pressure by two native marine herbivores on native, non-native naturalized, and non-native invasive Sargassum macroalgae
Authors: Kaplanis Nikolas J. , Harris Jill L. , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn marine systems, algal abundance and community composition is often heavily influenced by top-down control by herbivores. As a result, examining the extent to which native herbivores exert grazing pressure on non-native marine algae can provide valuable insight into mechanisms controlling invasion success. The purpose of this study was to examine the grazing preferences of two common intertidal and subtidal herbivores on three congeneric species of marine algae with unique colonization histories in San Diego, California, USA, to determine if grazing pressure, or lack thereof, may help explain invasion success. We provide evidence that neither nativeSargassum agardhianum,nor non-nativeSargassum horneri,are particularly palatable to purple urchins or black turban snails, but that non-nativeSargassum muticumis consumed by both native herbivores. We also provide evidence that when given a choice of all three species neither herbivore exhibits a significant grazing preference for any algal species. We suggest that other mechanisms may determine the invasion success of the two non-native algal species and the overall distribution and abundance patterns of these species, and we discuss potential directions for future work.