bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐step explicit time integration via mass matrix tailoring
Authors: González José A. , Park K. C. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA method for tailoring mass matrices that allows large time‐step explicit transient analysis is presented. It is shown that the accuracy of the present tailored mass matrix preserves the low‐frequency contents while effectively replacing the unwanted higher mesh frequencies by a user‐desired cutoff frequency. The proposed mass tailoring methods are applicable to elemental, substructural as well as global systems, requiring no modifications of finite element generation routines. It becomes most computationally attractive when used in conjunction with partitioned formulation as the number of higher (or lower) modes to be filtered out (or retained) are significantly reduced. Numerical experiments with the proposed method demonstrate that they are effective in filtering out higher modes in bars, beams, plain stress, and plate bending problems while preserving the dominant low‐frequency contents.
Locking‐free interface failure modeling by a cohesive discontinuous Galerkin method for matching and nonmatching meshes
Authors: Bayat Hamid Reza , Rezaei Shahed , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this work, modeling of brittle failure of the interface for a linear elastic material is presented. The idea is to integrate a novel extrinsic cohesive zone model into the incomplete interior penalty Galerkin variant of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. As a result, the initial stiffness in the prefailure regime is omitted without having to remesh the crack path during the crack propagation. The interface model is used in combination with different discretization techniques, including matching and nonmatching meshes. This is possible due to the DG method's weak continuity constraint. Moreover, the locking problem in the bulk is cured by the application of a reduced Gaussian integration scheme on the boundary terms. The performance of the new cohesive discontinuous Galerkin elements with different integration schemes is compared with one of the standard intrinsic cohesive models. Due to the elimination of locking, crack initiation at the interface can be realistically displayed.
Noninvasive multilevel geometric regularization of mesh‐based three‐dimensional shape measurement
Authors: Colantonio G. , Chapelier M. , Bouclier R. , Passieux J.‐C. , Marenić E. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFinite element stereo digital image correlation (FE‐SDIC) requires a crucial
calibration phase in which the initial CAD needs to be updated to fit the actual shape of the specimen. On the one hand, the use of a FE mesh facilitates the coupling of measurements with simulation tools, while on the other hand, it provides a unique, fine description of both the geometry and the displacement, which often makes the shape measurement problem highly ill‐posed. As a remedy, we propose a hybrid isogeometric‐FE strategy that can measure a shape in terms of spline functions while considering as an input and output the analysis‐suitable FE mesh. Making use of the appealing spline refinement procedures and of Bézier‐based operators, multilevel smooth spline discretizations are built concurrently with the initial FE subspace and related to the multiscale images used for the initialization of the shape measurement. It results in a geometrically sound regularization which provides a spline parametrization of the optimal shape along with its FE twin. A noninvasive implementation from an existing FE‐SDIC code is also detailed. The performance of the proposed method is assessed on real images and comparisons are made with other published techniques to prove its efficiency.
Statically admissible finite element solution of the thin plate bending problem with a posteriori error estimation
Authors: Świątkiewicz Paulina , Więckowski Zdzisław 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYTwo triangular elements of class C0 developed on the basis of the principle of complementary work are applied in the static analysis of a thin plate. Some techniques to widen the versatility of the equilibrium approach for the finite element method are presented. Plates of various shapes subjected to diverse types of loading are considered. The results are compared with outcomes obtained by use of the displacement‐based finite element method. By use of these two dual types of solutions, the error of the approximate solution is calculated. The lower and upper bounds for the strain energy are found.
Quantitative evaluation of fillers dispersion state in CaCO3/polypropylene composites through visualization and fractal analysis
Authors: Lv Xiangmeng , Kang Ming , Yuan Lu , Shen Simin , Sun Rong , Song Lixian , Zeng Shangjun , Yin Meng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe dispersion state of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Here, a new method for the accurate quantitative evaluation dispersion state of fillers through three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and fractal analysis is reported. First of all, the data model of the dispersed state of the fillers is obtained through 3D visualization techniques. Then the fractal dimensions of different samples are obtained by software based on the fractal theory. As the filler increases, the fractal dimension is firstly decreases to a minimum and then increases. Under this extreme point condition, the theoretical dispersion state of the fillers is uniform. The accurate quantitative description of the dispersion state provides a new basis for establishing the relationship between the dispersion state and the mechanical properties of the fillers in various composites.
Additional effect of para‐hydroxyl on the reduction potentials of theN‐benzylidenebenzenamines
Authors: Cao Chao‐Tun , Zhou Wei , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe reduction potentialERedof disubstitutedN‐benzylidenebenzenamines XArCHNArY (abbreviated as XBAY) is a measure of the electron acceptance ability of the Lowest‐energy Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) in molecule, which is closely related to the electronic effects of substituents X and Y in molecule. Previous studies on theERedof XBAY reported by Luo, Wang, and Yuan all did not involve these molecules containing hydroxyl. In this work, 28 samples of disubstitutedN‐benzylidenebenzenamines containing para‐hydroxyl, (abbreviated as 4‐OHBAY or XBAOH‐4′) were synthesized, and theirERedvalues were measured. Then, 127 compounds were taken as a complicatedEReddata set, which involved 28 compounds (4‐OHBAY and XBAOH‐4′) of this work and 99 compounds XBAY reported by Luo. Based on these dataERedset, through a quantitative regression analysis method and comparison of the factors affecting theERed, the following results are obtained: (a) Because the phenolic hydroxyl OH can dissociate H+to form phenolic oxygen anion, the change regularity ofERedof compounds 4‐OHBAY and XBAOH‐4′ is somewhat different from that ofERedof XBAY compounds without hydroxyl OH. That is, hydroxyl OH has an additional effect on theERed, which decreases theERedvalue. (b) The additional effects of 4‐OH on theERedis different from that of 4′‐OH. The effect of hydroxyl OH attached to the aldehyde aromatic ring on theERedis more than that of OH attached to the amine aromatic ring.
External Electric Field—Phenyl interaction boosts hydrosilylation of substituted alkynes to α‐vinylsilane
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xia , Xu Hong‐Liang , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hydrosilylation of terminal alkyne is the most straightforward and atom‐economy method to generate α‐vinylsilane. In the present paper, the acetylene and phenylacetylene hydrosilylation reactions were firstly studied by imposing external electric field (EEF) as a catalyst at the level of ωB97XD/TZVP. The results demonstrated that the oriented negative FY direction is the optimal direction, which mostly reduced the reaction barriers. Further computations indicated that the larger the EEF, the lower the barrier. When the EEF was increased to 180 (10−4) au, the barrier height of acetylene hydrosilylation (path Q) reduced almost 20 kcal/mol. To be surprised, as the phenyl substitute used, the hydrosilylation reaction (path FQ) was largely accelerated with the barrier height lowered to 13.2 kcal/mol, which decreased about 37 kcal/mol. Hopefully, this theoretical study would provide a guide for the experiment of the hydrosilylation of alkyne as much as possible.
𝜖-regular basis for non-polylogarithmic multiloop integrals and total cross section of the process e+e−→ 2(Q$$ \overline{Q} $$)
Authors: Lee R.N. , Onishchenko A.I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe argue that in many physical calculations where the “elliptic” sectors are involved, one can express the results via iterated integrals with almost all weights being rational. Our method is based on the existence of 𝜖-regular basis, which is akin to the 𝜖-finite basis defined in ref. [1]. As a demonstration of our technique, we calculate the photon contribution to the total cross section of the production of twoQ$$ \overline{Q} $$Q¯electron-positron collisions.
Use of proton pump inhibitors in adults in France: a nationwide drug utilization study
Authors: Lassalle Marion , Le Tri Thien , Bardou Marc , Biour Michel , Kirchgesner Julien , Rouby Frank , Dumarcet Nathalie , Zureik Mahmoud , Dray-Spira Rosemary 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are approved for the management of gastric acid–related diseases, mainly treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)–related gastrointestinal complications and prevention in at-risk patients, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and treatment of ulcers. PPIs are one of the most commonly prescribed drug class worldwide, and off-label use is widespread. The aim of this study was to describe outpatient PPI use of the whole adult population in France, based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).

Methods
All individuals aged 18 years or older, with at least one dispensing for PPI between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015, were identified as PPI users. PPI users were considered as new users if they received no dispensing for PPI in the prior year. New users were followed until treatment discontinuation or up to 1 year, whichever occurred first. Characteristics of new users and of their PPI treatment were described, overall and separately by treatment indication.

Results
In total, 15,388,419 PPI users were identified in 2015 (57.0% women; mean age 57.0 years), accounting for 29.8% of the French adult population. Of them, 7,399,303 were new PPI users; mean treatment duration was 40.9 days, and 4.1% received a continuous PPI therapy lasting more than 6 months (10.2% among new users > 65 years versus 2.4% among those 18–65 years). For 53.5% of new users, indication for PPI therapy was a co-prescription with NSAID; in this indication, the large majority of patients (79.7%) had no measurable risk factor supporting a systematic prophylactic co-prescription of PPI. A proportion of 32.4% of new users did not have any identified comedication or inpatient diagnosis supporting an indication for PPI therapy; among them, only a small proportion (7.3% overall, and 8.4% of patients aged > 65 years) underwent a procedure investigating the digestive tract at the time of PPI initiation.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest PPI overuse in France, not always in line with the French guidelines. In particular, inappropriate co-prescription with NSAID was frequent. Efforts should be made to limit PPI treatment to appropriate indications and durations.
The importance of and satisfaction with sex life among breast cancer survivors in comparison with healthy female controls and women with mental depression or arterial hypertension: results from the Finnish nationwide HeSSup cohort study
Authors: Salakari Minna , Nurminen Raija , Sillanmäki Lauri , Pylkkänen Liisa , Suominen Sakari 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancer (BC) and its treatment is associated with several physical and psychosocial changes that may influence sexuality for years after treatment. Women with BC show significantly greater rates of sexual dysfunction than do healthy women. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how a BC diagnosis associates with women’s perceived sexuality and sexual satisfaction.

Material and methods
The data of the ongoing prospective Health and Social Support (HeSSup) survey was linked with national health registries. Respondents with registry data confirmed BC (n = 66), mental depression (n = 612), arterial hypertension (n = 873), and healthy women (n = 9731) formed the study population. The importance of and satisfaction with sex life were measured by a self-report questionnaire modified from the Schover’s and colleagues’ Sexual History Form.

Results
Women with BC considered sex life less important than did healthy women (p < 0.001). They were significantly less satisfied with their sex life than healthy women (p = 0.01) and women with arterial hypertension (p = 0.04). Living single or educational level did not explain the differences between the groups.

Conclusions
BC survivors depreciate their sex life and experience dissatisfaction with it. Sexuality can be a critical issue for the quality of life of women surviving from BC, and hence, the area deserves major attention in BC survivorship care. Health care professionals should regularly include sexual functions in the assessment of BC survivors’ wellbeing.
Assessment of multilevel ensemble-based data assimilation for reservoir history matching
Authors: Fossum Kristian , Mannseth Trond , Stordal Andreas S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultilevel ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) as an alternative to standard (single-level) ensemble-based DA for reservoir history matching problems is considered. Restricted computational resources currently limit the ensemble size to about 100 for field-scale cases, resulting in large sampling errors if no measures are taken to prevent it. With multilevel methods, the computational resources are spread over models with different accuracy and computational cost, enabling a substantially increased total ensemble size. Hence, reduced numerical accuracy is partially traded for increased statistical accuracy. A novel multilevel DA method, the multilevel hybrid ensemble Kalman filter (MLHEnKF) is proposed. Both the expected and the true efficiency of a previously published multilevel method, the multilevel ensemble Kalman filter (MLEnKF), and the MLHEnKF are assessed for a toy model and two reservoir models. A multilevel sequence of approximations is introduced for all models. This is achieved via spatial grid coarsening and simple upscaling for the reservoir models, and via a designed synthetic sequence for the toy model. For all models, the finest discretization level is assumed to correspond to the exact model. The results obtained show that, despite its good theoretical properties, MLEnKF does not perform well for the reservoir history matching problems considered. We also show that this is probably caused by the assumptions underlying its theoretical properties not being fulfilled for the multilevel reservoir models considered. The performance of MLHEnKF, which is designed to handle restricted computational resources well, is quite good. Furthermore, the toy model is utilized to set up a case where the assumptions underlying the theoretical properties of MLEnKF are fulfilled. On that case, MLEnKF performs very well and clearly better than MLHEnKF.
Prolonged diapause has sex-specific fertility and fitness costs
Authors: Margus Aigi , Lindström Leena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiapause in seasonal environments allows insects to survive adverse seasons. However, individuals can sometimes enter a prolonged diapause for more than a year, and also skip favourable seasons, which can bring additional costs through e.g. loss of metabolic resources. At the same time, prolonged diapause can be beneficial if it allows individuals to have a risk-spreading strategy to skip potentially suboptimal breeding seasons. We studied if prolonged diapause (2-year diapause) negatively affects the fertility and fitness of female and male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) compared to control (1-year diapause) beetles. We also tested the parental effects on the subsequent chemical stress tolerance of their offspring. We found that prolonged diapause carried fertility costs only for females who were less fertile than the control females. However, no differences in fertility were observed in males. Furthermore, prolonged diapause in females resulted in offspring with lower larvae-to-adult survival even though these offspring had accelerated development times. In contrast, paternal diapause duration had no effects on their offspring larvae-to adult survival, but prolonged diapause males sired offspring with slower development times than control males. Perhaps to compensate the costs related to prolonged diapause both older parents produced or sired offspring with higher body mass than control parents. Despite the differences in emergence mass, parental diapause duration did not affect offspring insecticide stress tolerance. The difference between females and males most likely results from the observed differences in prolonged diapause females’ capacity to fight against cellular oxidative damage which was poorer compared to the control females. Even though prolonged diapause allows individuals to have a risk-spreading strategy it carries sex-specific fertility and fitness costs indicating that selection could favour this in males but not in females.
Discussing Atypical Sexual Harassment as a Controversial Issue in Bystander Programmes: One UK Campus Study
Authors: Bovill Helen , Waller Richard , McCartan Kieran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research emanates from an anti-sexual violence bystander programme delivered at an English university. Fifteen students were identified through purposive and convenience sampling to take part in focus groups. Discussions emerged regarding atypical sexual harassment. There is a gap in the literature exploring sexual harassment outside of the male perpetrator and female victim narrative which this paper contributes to. This paper considers four conversational themes: ‘unwanted touching: women to men’, ‘sexual banter: women to men’, ‘sexual stereotypes: women and men’, and ‘developing stronger ethical subjectivity’. This paper recognises most sexual harassment occurs from men to women, and acknowledges criticism of focussing otherwise when resources are limited, noting this risks obscuring the enduring power differentials between the sexes. It contends that exploring a controversial issue, such as male experience of sexual harassment, might help bystander programmes by developing ethical subjectivity in undergraduate students. Exploring sexual behaviour as a spectrum may lead to counter hegemonic discourses to emerge.
Investigation and analysis of a fluidized bed dryer by process tomography sensor
Authors: Wang Hai-Gang , Lin Yong-Lei , Yang Wu-Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the pharmaceutical industry, fluidized beds are typically used for pellets drying, coating and granulation. The gas–solids flow characteristic in the process plays an important role to control the heat and mass transfer as well as the end-point product quality. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the flow characteristics based on advanced measurement technologies. In this research, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensor with eight electrodes was used to investigate the pharmaceutical fluidized bed drying process with different operation conditions. Key process parameters including solids concentration, particle moisture and capacitance signals in the process are given and analysed based on the ECT sensor. In addition, the fluidized bed process with Wurster tube is also investigated based on this ECT sensor. The effect of Wurster tube on the hydrodynamic behaviour and the dominant frequency spectrum distribution in the chamber were analysed based on fast Fourier transform. Test results reveal that process moisture change can be addressed from the raw capacitance of adjacent electrode pair combined with calibration model. Experimental result also indicates that ECT technology can provide useful information for process monitor in a fluidized bed dryer.
Forested Wetland Hydrology in a Large Mississippi River Tributary System
Authors: Berkowitz Jacob F. , Johnson David R. , Price Jaybus J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWetlands in the Mississippi River Valley provide numerous functions supported by prolonged periods of soil saturation or inundation. However, few studies document forested wetland hydropatterns, especially in altered systems. In this study, we evaluated hydrologic drivers of forested wetlands in the Yazoo Basin, a large Mississippi River tributary system exhibiting regional hydrologic alteration. Results from 56 water table monitoring locations indicate that precipitation induced the majority (76%) of wetland saturation events, defined as soil inundation or water tables within ≤30 cm of the surface for ≥14 consecutive days. Flooding triggered 19% of saturation events, and 5% of events occurred in response to precipitation induced high water tables followed by flood inundation. Data suggest that most wetlands examined (87%) would persist in the absence of flooding, and that duration and inundation patterns differed with dominant water source. A multi-year hydropattern analysis highlights the influence of precipitation derived saturation during low evapotranspiration winter periods, spring flood water contributions in some wetlands, and decreasing water tables throughout summer and fall. A discussion of rainfall normality and stream discharge places the dataset in a larger context. Results reflect changes in historic hydropatterns, informing efforts to maximize wetland functions during forested wetland management and restoration.
Mathematical modeling and regionality-based optimal policy to reduce empty houses, Akiya, in Japan
Authors: Seirin-Lee Sungrim , Nomata Masaaki , Mukunoki Miyoko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmpty houses, Akiya, are of substantial concern to the ageing society of Japan; the ratio of Akiya is projected to worsen to 30.5% in 2033. Such a high ratio of Akiya will influence the social system and the Japanese economy overall in the near future. Nonetheless, Akiya continues to increase unabated because there are no specific government measures to address the problem. In this study, we develop a simple mathematical model based on Markovian transition whereby we anticipate the future tendency of empty houses based on real data. Using the model, we demonstrate three tax policies and estimate the effectiveness of the policies considering the extent of Akiya and local government financing. We also consider the spatial distribution of Akiya and suggest both a spatially and quantitaviely effective policy that could reduce Akiya. Our study suggests that to solve the Akiya problem, tax policies and spatial policies should be initiated together, and the policies should be conducted strategically based on the regional characteristics of cities such as economic scale and the population age distribution.