bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the lens of the clinical residents: undergraduate to postgraduate medical education and the transition process
Authors: Demiroren Meral , Atilgan Burge , Tasdelen Teker Gulsen , Turan Sevgi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The concept of continuity in medical education reflects the progressive professional and personal development that physicians need in education. The aim of this study is investigating the views of the residents about the adequacy of undergraduate and postgraduate education in the context of preparing them for the next stage and their perceptions about the transition period. This phenomenological study was conducted at Hacettepe University Medical School. The study group consisted of medical and surgical sciences residents in the first year and last year of postgraduate medical education. Four focus group interviews were held with the participation of 21 residents. The participants emphasised that practising with real patients under supervision by taking an active role in healthcare teams was important for their preparation for the next stage in their carrier. However, their educational experiences during undergraduate medical education differed in community-based education, scientific research training, learning in small groups, internship and guidance of clinical educators. The transition period has been expressed with the concepts of identity change, high responsibilities and expectations required by the new identity, adaptation to the healthcare team, institution, and health system, meeting the expectations in an overly busy work environment, and feelings of incompetence. Participants pointed out that curriculum, which was declared and taught, educational environments, assessment approaches, consultancy systems and practices differed between the clinical departments. In line with the principles of competency-based education, practices related to the development and assessment of the competencies with all professional aspects in postgraduate medical education can be strengthened.
Females and males do not differ for fatigability, muscle damage and magnitude of the repeated bout effect following maximal eccentric contractions
Authors: Bruce Christina D. , Ruggiero Luca , Dix Gabriel U. , Cotton Paul D. , McNeil Chris J. 
Published: September 2020

Unaccustomed eccentric (ECC) exercise induces muscle fatigue as well as damage and initiates a protective response to minimize impairments from a subsequent bout (i.e., repeated bout effect; RBE). It is uncertain if the sexes differ for neuromuscular responses to ECC exercise and the ensuing RBE. Twenty-six young adults (13 females) performed 2 bouts (4 weeks apart) of 200 ECC maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the dorsiflexors. Isometric (ISO) MVC torque and the ratio of ISO torque in response to low- versus high-frequency stimulation (10:100 Hz) were compared before and after (2–10 min and 2, 4, and 7 days) exercise. The decline in ECC and ISO MVC torque and the 10:100 Hz ratio following bout 1 did not differ between sexes (P > 0.05), with reductions from baseline of 31.5% ± 12.3%, 24.1% ± 15.4%, and 51.3% ± 12.2%, respectively. After bout 2, the 10:100 Hz ratio declined less (45.0% ± 12.4% from baseline) and ISO MVC torque recovered sooner compared with bout 1 but no differences between sexes were evident for the magnitude of the RBE (P > 0.05). These data suggest that fatigability with ECC exercise does not differ for the sexes and adaptations that mitigate impairments to calcium handling are independent of sex. Novelty: One bout of 200 maximal eccentric dorsiflexor contractions caused equivalent muscle fatigue and damage for females and males. The repeated bout effect observed after a second bout 4 weeks later also had no sex-related differences. Prolonged low-frequency force depression is promoted as an indirect measure of muscle damage in humans.
𝔤𝔩n-webs, categorification and Khovanov–Rozansky homologies
Authors: Tubbenhauer Daniel 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we define an explicit basis for the [Formula: see text]-web algebra [Formula: see text] (the [Formula: see text] generalization of Khovanov’s arc algebra) using categorified [Formula: see text]-skew Howe duality.Our construction is a [Formula: see text]-web version of Hu–Mathas’ graded cellular basis and has two major applications: it gives rise to an explicit isomorphism between a certain idempotent truncation of a thick calculus cyclotomic KLR algebra and [Formula: see text], and it gives an explicit graded cellular basis of the [Formula: see text]-hom space between two [Formula: see text]-webs. We use this to give a (in principle) computable version of colored Khovanov–Rozansky [Formula: see text]-link homology, obtained from a complex defined purely combinatorially via the (thick cyclotomic) KLR algebra and needs only [Formula: see text].
A Highschooler’s Guide to GeV-Range Electromagnetism
Authors: Chatterji Satchit , Desai Aayush , Dwarkesh Aditya , Ganesh Anushree , Kunder Ameya , Malhotra Pulkit , Sahoo Roshni , Shah Jinal , Velmurugan Kiranbhaskar , Joos Markus , Da Cruz E Silva Cristóvão Beirão , Morello Gianfranco 
Published: September 2020

The following article has been written primarily by the high school students who make up the team “Cryptic Ontics”, one of the two winning teams in the 2018 edition of CERN’s Beamline for Schools (BL4S) competition, and is based on the set of experiments the students endeavoured to conduct over the course of a two-week period at CERN. Reconstructing influential physical theories from scratch often helps in uncovering hitherto unknown logical connections and eliciting instructive empirical checkpoints within said theory. With this in mind, in the following article, a top-down reconstruction (beginning with the experimental observations and ending at the theoretical framework) of the Lorentz force equation is performed, and potentially interesting questions which come up are explored. In its most common form, the equation is written out as: [Formula: see text]. Only the term that includes the magnetic field [Formula: see text] will be dealt with for this article. The independent parameters we use are (i) the momenta of the particles, (ii) the charge (rather, the types) of particles, either positive or negative, and (iii) the current passing through the dipole generating the electromagnetic field. We then measure the angle by which particles get deflected while varying these three parameters and derive an empirical relationship between them.
Extended HPV Genotyping to Compare HPV Type Distribution in Self- and Provider-Collected Samples for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Rohner Eliane , Edelman Claire , Sanusi Busola , Schmitt John W. , Baker Anna , Chesko Kirsty , Faherty Brian , Gregory Sean M. , Romocki LaHoma S. , Sivaraman Vijay , Nelson Julie A.E. , O'Connor Siobhan , Hudgens Michael G. , Knittel Andrea K. , Rahangdale Lisa , Smith Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) testing of self-collected cervico-vaginal swabs could increase cervical cancer screening coverage, although triage strategies are needed to reduce unnecessary colposcopies. We evaluated the use of extended hr-HPV genotyping of self-collected samples for cervical cancer screening.

Methods:
We recruited women ages 25–65 years at two colposcopy clinics in North Carolina between November 2016 and January 2019, and obtained self-collected cervico-vaginal samples, provider-collected cervical samples, and cervical biopsies from all enrolled women. Self- and provider-collected samples were tested for 14 hr-HPV genotypes using the Onclarity Assay (Becton Dickinson). We calculated hr-HPV genotype–specific prevalence and assessed agreement between results in self- and provider-collected samples. We ranked the hr-HPV genotypes according to their positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher (CIN2+).

Results:
A total of 314 women participated (median age, 36 years); 85 women (27%) had CIN2+. More women tested positive for any hr-HPV on self-collected (76%) than on provider-collected samples (70%; P = 0.009) with type-specific agreement ranging from substantial to almost perfect. HPV-16 was the most common genotype in self-collected (27%) and provider-collected samples (20%), and HPV-16 prevalence was higher in self- than provider-collected samples (P &lt; 0.001). In self- and provider-collected samples, HPV-16 had the highest PPV for CIN2+ detection.

Conclusions:
Overall sensitivity for CIN2+ detection was similar for both sample types, but the higher HPV-16 prevalence in self-collected samples could result in increased colposcopy referral rates.

Impact:
Additional molecular markers might be helpful to improve the triage of women who are hr-HPV positive on self-collected samples.
Amphiregulin Expression Is a Predictive Biomarker for EGFR Inhibition in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Combined Analysis of Three Randomized Trials
Authors: Stahler Arndt , Stintzing Sebastian , Modest Dominik P. , Ricard Ingrid , Giessen-Jung Clemens , Kapaun Christine , Ivanova Boryana , Kaiser Florian , Fischer von Weikersthal Ludwig , Moosmann Nicolas , Schalhorn Andreas , Stauch Martina , Kiani Alexander , Held Swantje , Decker Thomas , Moehler Markus , Neumann Jens , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas , Heinemann Volker 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are ligands of EGFR. Predictive information for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was observed, but data for other agents is limited.

Experimental Design:
Ligand mRNA expression; RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutations; and EGFR expression were assessed by qRT-PCR, pyrosequencing, and IHC, respectively, in mCRC tumor tissue of patients participating in the randomized controlled trials FIRE-1, CIOX, and FIRE-3. Normalized mRNA expression was dichotomized using median and third quartile. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method including univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Penalized spline regression analysis tested interaction of mRNA expression and outcome.

Results:
Of 688 patients with available material, high AREG expression was detected in 343 (&gt;median) and 172 (&gt;3rd quartile) patients. High AREG expression was associated with significantly higher OS [26.2 vs. 21.5 months, HR = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–0.94; P = 0.007], PFS (10.0 vs. 8.1 months, HR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63–0.86; P = 0.001), and objective response rate (63.1% vs. 51.6%, P = 0.004) compared to low expression at both threshold values. This effect remained significant in multivariate Cox regression analysis (OS: P = 0.01, PFS: P = 0.002). High AREG mRNA expression interacted significantly with the efficacy of cetuximab compared with bevacizumab (OS: P = 0.02, PFS: P = 0.04) in RAS WT mCRC.

Conclusions:
High AREG mRNA expression is a favorable prognostic biomarker for mCRC which interacted significantly with efficacy of anti-EGFR treatment.
Description of a new species of cecidomyiid (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) predator of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sugarcane
Authors: Urso-Guimarães Maria Virgínia , Cruz Maiara Alexandre , Martinelli Nilza Maria , Peronti Ana Lúcia Gonzalez Benfatti 
Published: September 2020

Diadiplosis saccharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male and female prey on nymphs of mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Herein, the genus is composed by 33 species. The key of the eight species of the Diadiplosis distributed in Brazil is updated.
Ambitionz az a Teacha: understanding Contemporary Rap Music’s Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Wilson Asif , Henderson Daunte 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This case study extends Elligan’s (2000, 2004) Rap Therapy model to explore the pedagogical usefulness of contemporary rap music. Methodologically, the authors borrow the testimonio from Latina Feminist Scholarship, to explore the ways in which young people participating in a summer literacy program analyzed their lives and the world through rap music; how rap music supported their healing; and how rap music was used as a pedagogical tool. Over the course of four months the co-authors of this study created and analyzed 17 co-written testimonios for their generative themes. The authors conclude with a presentation of The (Re) mix—a rap-centered pedagogical framework. The (Re) mix is made up of three, interconnected pillars. One, contemporary rap music (re)tells the experience(s) of the dispossessed. It helps shift the blame for oppression in the world towards the structures of society. Second, contemporary rap music (re)affirms young peoples’ existence. It provides them with an imaginative environment to imagine a more just world. Third, contemporary rap music (re)stores our humanity. It is a tool to name, connect, and move beyond our pain, creating a context for healing as individuals in a collective society. The authors hope that findings of this study empower other educators to infuse contemporary rap music into their pedagogies as a method for students to better read and write the world, adding to the body of knowledge related to critical media literacy.
Linking Atmospheric Rivers to Annual and Extreme River Runoff in British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska
Authors: Sharma Aseem R. , Déry Stephen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study quantifies the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs) to annual and extreme river runoff and evaluates the relationships between watershed characteristics and AR-related maximum river runoff across British Columbia and southeastern Alaska (BCSAK). Datasets used include gauged runoff from 168 unregulated watersheds, topographic characteristics of those watersheds, a regional AR catalog, and integrated vapor transport fields for water years (WYs) 1979–2016. ARs contribute ~22% of annual river runoff along the Coast and Insular Mountains watersheds, which decreases inland to ~11% in the watersheds of the Interior Mountains and Plateau. Average association between ARs and annual maximum river runoff attains >80%, >50%, and <50% along the watersheds of the western flanks of the Coast Mountains, the Interior Mountains, and Interior Plateau, respectively. There is no significant change in AR-related extreme annual maximum runoff across BCSAK during 1979–2016. AR conditions occur during 25 out of 32 of the flood-related natural disasters in British Columbia during WYs 1979–2016. AR-related annual maximum runoff magnitude is significantly higher than non-AR-related annual maximum runoff for 30% of the watersheds studied. Smaller and steeper watersheds closer to the coast are more susceptible to AR-related annual maximum runoff than their inland counterparts. These results illustrate the importance of AR activity as a major control for the distribution of peak runoff in BCSAK. This work provides insights on the hydrological response of watersheds of northwestern North America to landfalling ARs that may improve flood risk assessment and disaster management in this region.
Factors Influencing Ensemble Sensitivity–Based Targeted Observing Predictions at Convection-Allowing Resolutions
Authors: Hill Aaron J. , Weiss Christopher C. , Ancell Brian C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnsemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is applied to select types of observations, in various locations and in advance of forecast convection, to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ESA-based observation targeting for 10 convection forecasts. To facilitate the analysis, observing system simulation experiments and perfect models are utilized to generate synthetic targeted observations of temperature and pressure for future assimilation with an ensemble prediction system. Various observation assimilation experiments are carried out to assess the impacts of nonlinearity, covariance localization, and numerical noise on ESA-based observation-impact predictions. It is discovered that localization applied during data assimilation restricts targeted-observation increments onto the forecast responses of composite reflectivity and 3-hourly accumulated precipitation, making impact predictions poor. In addition, numerical noise introduced by nonlinear perturbation evolution tends to reduce the correlations between observed and predicted impacts; small, random-perturbation experiments often yielded similar impacts on forecasts as targeted observations. Nonlinearity also manifests in the observation impacts when comparing targeted observations with nontargeted, randomly chosen observations; random observations have seemingly the same impact on forecasts as targeted observations. The results, under idealized conditions and simplified ensemble configurations, demonstrate that ESA-based targeting for nonlinear convection forecasts may be most applicable at short time scales. Important implications for ESA-based targeting methods employed with real-time ensemble systems are also discussed.
Biotin immunoassay interference: A UK-based prevalence study
Authors: Sanders A , Gama R , Ashby H , Mohammed P 
Published: September 2020

Background Biotin interference in biotin-streptavidin-based immunoassays is increasingly reported due to individuals taking biotin-containing supplements and patients prescribed biotin. The reported prevalence of serum biotin above the lowest threshold (≥10  µg/L) for interference in Roche Diagnostics immunoassay tests is 0.8% in Australia and 7.4% in the USA. There are, however, no such data in UK populations. In a service evaluation, we therefore studied the prevalence of biotin interference in routine serum samples received in our laboratory. Methods Biotin was measured in 524 anonymized surplus serum samples in which at least one immunoassay test had been requested. Results The median (95% confidence intervals) for serum biotin was 0.27  µg/L (0.07–0.93  µg/L). Serum biotin was <10  µg/L in all samples, <5 µg/L in 522 (99.6%) and <1  µg/L in 513 (98.1%) samples. In four samples, serum biotin was ≥2.5  µg/L (0.8%). Conclusions These data indicate that the probability of biotin immunoassay interference in our patient population is extremely low, with the exception of assays reporting the lowest interference thresholds (e.g. Ortho Troponin I assay [threshold ≥2.5  µg/L]).
Long-term Results of Arthroscopic Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation: A Prospective Follow-up at 15 Years
Authors: Andriolo Luca , Reale Davide , Di Martino Alessandro , De Filippis Roberto , Sessa Andrea , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

Background: Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) procedures have been developed to overcome some of the limits of first-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation. However, while good autologous chondrocyte implantation results have been documented over time, data are scarce on the long-term MACT results. Purpose: To evaluate long-term clinical results of a large cohort of patients treated with hyaluronic acid–based MACT for articular cartilage defects of the knee. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A long-term evaluation of 113 patients was performed (91 men, 22 women; mean ± SD age, 29.0 ± 10.6 years) for 115 knees affected by chondral and osteochondral lesions of the femoral condyles and trochlea. Of these, 61 knees had undergone previous surgery, while other procedures were combined during the same operation in 48 knees. These patients were prospectively evaluated before surgery and at 2, 5, and 10 years after surgery, as well as at a final mean follow-up of 15 years (range, 12-18 years), with various clinical scores: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and Tegner. Both surgical and clinical failures were documented. Results: The IKDC subjective score increased from the basal level of 39.9 ± 14.6 (mean ± SD) to 77.3 ± 20.5 ( P < .0005) at 2 years; results remained stable up to the 15-year follow-up (76.9 ± 20.5). EQ-VAS and Tegner scores showed a statistically significant improvement up to 10 years, with a further significant improvement at the final follow-up. A failure rate of 15.0% was documented, which increased to 21.7% when clinical failures were also considered. A worse outcome was found for older age ( P < .0005), female sex ( P = .002), degenerative lesions ( P < .0005), longer duration of symptoms ( P = .005), and previous surgery ( P < .0005). Conclusion: Arthroscopic MACT offered good and long-lasting results that were stable over time and resulted in a limited number of failures and reinterventions for up to 15 years of follow-up. Several factors were identified as having a prognostic value: a worse outcome could be expected in older patients, female patients, those affected by lesions with a degenerative cause, those having a longer duration of symptoms, and patients who underwent previous surgery.
Kagomé networks of octahedrally coordinated metal atoms in minerals: Relating different mineral structures through octahedral tilting
Authors: Grey Ian E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKagomé nets of corner-connected triangles of atoms occur in diverse minerals, from the {111} anion arrays in perovskite-group minerals to natural metallic alloys like auricupride, AuCu3, to the cation layers in atacamite-group minerals. We review here two- and three-dimensional kagomé networks in minerals where the kagomé node atoms are octahedrally coordinated in hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) arrays. Octahedral tilting, coupled with capping of the apical anions of the triangular groupings of octahedra in the HTB layers, gives rise to several important mineral groups, including pyrochlores, alunite-supergroup minerals, zirconolite and weberite polytypes and spinel-group minerals, as a function of the magnitude and type of the octahedral tilting.