bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard
Authors: Hanif Hina , Khan Sohail Ahmed , Muneer Sobia , Adil Syed Omair 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in obstructive jaundice taking MRCP as gold standard.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow Institute of Radiology (DIR), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi from 2nd May 2018 till 2nd November 2018. Both male and female patients aged 30 to 80 years with suspected obstructive jaundice were included. Patients already diagnosed with obstructive jaundice were excluded. MRCP and ultrasound were performed in suspected patients. Diagnostic accuracy including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of obstructive jaundice were calculated using contingency tables using MRCP findings as gold standard.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 54.73 ± 12.65 years. In causes of obstruction, choledocholothiasis was responsible for 85 (35.1%), stricture 61 (25.2%), carcinoma of head of pancreas 39 (16.1%), periampullary carcinoma 21 (8.7%), cholangiocarcinoma 10 (4.1%) and gallbladder carcinoma 26 (10.7%) of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in obstructive jaundice taking MRCP findings as gold standard showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy as 84.57%, 79.10%, 91.36%, 66.25% and 83.06%.
Conclusion: Ultrasound has a high sensitivity, moderate specificity, and high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1665
How to cite this:Hanif H, Khan SA, Muneer S, Adil SO. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):652-656. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1665
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of inflammatory markers in apparently healthy automobile vehicle drivers in response to exposure to traffic pollution fumes
Authors: Ahmed Hina Riaz , Manzoor Syed Binafsha , Laghari Zulfiqar , Pirzada Suleman 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate pattern of markers of inflammation in apparently healthy drivers who exposed to traffic fumes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to January 2017 at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro. It looked into the effects of traffic pollutants on markers of inflammation including CRP, Leukocytes count, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β of healthy human volunteers. Eighty-seven, apparently healthy, non-smoking automobile vehicle drivers, having daily contact of traffic exhaust for at least six hours, aged between 18-40 years recruited for this study. Levels of traffic-generated pollutants P.M2.5, P.M10, NOx were recorded in different areas of Hyderabad City.
Results: P.M2.5 found to be positively correlated with markers of inflammation including IL-6 (rs = 0.99), TNF-α (rs = 0.41), CRP mg/dl (rs = 0.99) , neutrophils (rs = 0.29), lymphocytes (rs = 0.31), eosinophils (rs = 0.20), monocytes (rs = 0.42) and basophils (rs = 0.16). Positive correlation present among IL-6 (rs = 0.21), TNF-α (rs = 0.49) and CRP mg/dl (rs = 0.22) (rs = -0.31), Leukocytes (rs = 0.14) neutrophils (rs = 0.31), lymphocytes (rs = 0.21), monocytes (rs = 0.50), basophils (rs = 0.17) with P.M10. NOx showed positive correlation with IL-6 (rs = 0.22), TNF-α (rs = 0.48), CRP (rs = 0.22), neutrophils (rs = 0.31), lymphocytes (rs = 0.13), basophils (rs = 0.17) and monocytes (rs = 0.48).
Conclusion: Findings of our study suggest that almost all markers of inflammation are positively correlated with traffic pollutants and this condition might raise the risk of systemic diseases.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2025
How to cite this:Riaz H, Syed BM, Laghari Z, Pirzada S. Analysis of inflammatory markers in apparently healthy automobile vehicle drivers in response to exposure to traffic pollution fumes. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):657-662. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2025
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of cardiac output, IVC diameters and lactate levels in prediction of mortality in patients in emergency department; An observational study
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Taqizadieh Ali , Moharramzadeh Payman , Amirchoupani Ramin , Mahmoodpoor Ata 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Fluid overload is an independent marker for mortality in critically ill patients. Assessment of fluid status and fluid responsiveness is crucial for the management of these patients. In this study, we compared the lactate level, inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and non-invasive cardiac output (CO) monitoring in prediction of mortality in emergency department.
Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study which comprised of 68 patients and was performed in ED of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from Sept 2016 until Sept 2017. IVC diameter was measured before the P-wave on ECG to avoid interference with a-wave and v-wave on the venous pressure curve, and during maximal inspiration and expiration to avoid Valsalva-like maneuvers. An arterial lactate sample was taken from all patients before performing the initial resuscitation. All patients underwent non-invasive CO monitoring by CO2 rebreathing technique. Mortality was noted on day 28.
Results: Deceased patients had a significantly low level of IVC diameters, less CO values and more lactate levels. However, based on ROC curve analysis, the prediction accuracy and validity of both CO values obtained by rebreathing CO2 and IVC diameter was poor and the highest accuracy was obtained by lactate level assessment.
Conclusion: Initial lactate value is a reliable parameter for prediction of mortality in non-traumatic critically ill patients. IVC diameter changes during spontaneous ventilation and non-invasive CO monitoring does not possess acceptable accuracy for prediction of mortality in these patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2032
How to cite this:Shahsavarinia K, Taqizadieh A, Moharramzadeh P, Amirchoupani R, Mahmoodpoor A. Comparison of cardiac output, IVC diameters and lactate levels in prediction of mortality in patients in emergency department; An observational study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):788-792. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2032
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Representations of the psychological work units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia about their professional preparedness to provide psychological assistance in maintaining of the optimum of professional activity
Authors: Maltseva Tatyana 
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the problem of the need to change the approach both to mental and physical health, and to the psychological culture of employees of internal affairs bodies as a whole. The new approach should be based on a person’s natural desire for psychological well-being. Today, numerous psychological studies around the world indicate a high level of professional stress among law enforcement officials, which leads to chronic fatigue, professional destruction, psychosomatic disorders, diseases, alcohol abuse, divorces, etc. Stressfulness of the profession also causes personnel problems.
Based on the relevance of the role of the phenomenon of subjective vitality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, in maintaining their mental and physical health, in increasing the level of psychological well-being, this article analyzes the need for employees of internal affairs bodies and their leaders in psychological assistance to optimize the level of subjective vitality and actualization of their internal resources as subjects of labor, as well as the readiness of psychologists of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation tion (hereinafter referred to as departmental psychologists) to provide such assistance.
The article analyzes the results of five focused group interviews with 45 employees of the psychological work units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. When processing the obtained data, a framework and qualitative-quantitative data analysis was used.
The results of the study showed several problem areas in the professional activities of departmental psychologists, which are interdependent and interdependent.
Genetic Variants of the MGAT5 Gene Are Functionally Implicated in the Modulation of T Cells Glycosylation and Plasma IgG Glycome Composition in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pereira Márcia S. , Durães Cecília , Catarino Telmo A. , Costa José L. , Cleynen Isabelle , Novokmet Mislav , Krištić Jasminka , Štambuk Jerko , Conceição-Neto Nádia , Machado José C. , Marcos-Pinto Ricardo , Magro Fernando , Vermeire Séverine , Lauc Gordan , Lago Paula , Pinho Salomé S. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:The impact of genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) in the clinical heterogeneity of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. We showed that patients with UC exhibit a deficiency inMGAT5glycogene transcription in intestinal T cells associated with a hyperimmune response. Herein, we evaluated whetherMGAT5SNPs might functionally impact on T cells glycosylation and plasma IgG glycome in patients with UC, as well as in UC clinical outcomes.METHODS:Three selectedMGAT5SNPs (rs3814022, rs4953911, and rs1257220), previously associated with severity of autoimmune disease or with plasma glycome composition in healthy individuals, were functionally evaluated in patients with UC through analysis ofMGAT5mRNA levels in colonic (n = 14) and circulating (n = 24) T cells and through profiling the plasma IgG Fc glycosylation (n = 152).MGAT5SNPs were genotyped in 931 patients with UC from 2 European cohorts and further associated with patients' prognosis. Targeted next-generation sequencing forMGAT5coding and regulatory regions was also performed.RESULTS:MGAT5SNPs were shown to be functionally associated with low transcription levels ofMGAT5in colonic and circulating T cells from patients with UC and with agalactosylation of IgGs, often associated with a proinflammatory phenotype. The SNPs rs3814022 and rs4953911 were further associated with the need of biologics. Next-generation sequencing data further revealed a combination ofMGAT5SNPs that stratify patients with UC according to their severity.DISCUSSION:Our results revealed thatMGAT5SNPs have a phenotypic impact on T cells glycosylation and in plasma IgG glycome composition associated with UC pathogenesis.MGAT5SNPs display a tendency in the association with a worse disease course in patients with UC.
The Association Between Cholecystectomy, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Latenstein Carmen S. S. , Alferink Louise J. M. , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Drenth Joost P. H. , van Laarhoven Cornelis J. H. M. , de Reuver Philip R. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Obesity is a risk factor for several phenotypes such as gallstones, metabolic syndrome (MS), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that cholecystectomy is a risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and NAFLD. We aimed to determine whether cholecystectomy is associated with MS or NAFLD in a Dutch population-based study.

METHODS:
The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective population-based cohort. We included participants who underwent a liver ultrasound between 2009 and 2014 to assess steatosis. The prevalence of MS and NAFLD was calculated, and we performed regression analyses relating cholecystectomy with MS and NAFLD and adjusted for age, sex, study cohort, education level, physical activity, energy intake, time since cholecystectomy, body mass index, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and steatosis/MS.

RESULTS:
We included 4,307 participants (57.5% women, median age 66.0 years [interquartile range 58–74]). In total, 265 participants (6.2%) underwent a cholecystectomy. The median age at the time of cholecystectomy was 57.0 years (47.5–66.5), and the median time from cholecystectomy to imaging of the liver was 10.0 years (0.5–19.5). The prevalence of MS in participants with cholecystectomy was 67.2% and 51.9% in participants without cholecystectomy (P < 0.001). Ultrasound diagnosed moderate/severe NAFLD was present in, respectively, 42.7% and 34.2% of the participants (P = 0.008). After multivariable adjustments for metabolic factors, cholecystectomy was no longer associated with the presence of MS or NAFLD.

DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of MS and NAFLD is higher in participants after cholecystectomy. However, our trial shows that cholecystectomy may not be independently associated with the presence of MS and NAFLD after correction for metabolic factors.
Current Situation. Attack on the Humanities and Social Sciences in Brazil
Authors: Chalhoub Sidney , Corde Marie , Facundo Navia Angela , Mavrot Céline , Tiquet Romain 
Published: April 2020

In the wake of President Jair Bolsonaro's recent attacks on philosophy and sociology in the higher education system, Émulations is pleased to welcome three experts for a cross-interview on the situation of human and social sciences in Brazil in light of the current political situation. This interview was conducted by Céline Mavrot and Romain Tiquet.
Dans le cadre des attaques récentes du président Jair Bolsonaro à l’encontre de la philosophie et de la sociologie au sein du système d’éducation supérieure, Émulations reçoit trois spécialistes – Sidney Chalhoub, Marine Corde, Angela Facundo Navia – pour un entretien croisé sur la situation des sciences humaines et sociales au Brésil à la lumière de l’actualité politique du pays. Cet entretien a été réalisé par Céline Mavrot et Romain Tiquet.
In/visible Recoveries
Authors: Sharp Ethan 
Published: April 2020

Based on ethnographic research in Northern Mexico, this article describes the efforts of men within a therapeutic community closely tied to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to manage perceptions of AA recovery pathways, and to define for themselves and the larger public the nature of the spirituality that they acquired in recovery. Through an analysis informed by discourse studies and linguistic anthropology, the article shows that through discourse and symbolic actions in public display events, the men reinforced a belief in the effectiveness of AA recovery pathways by affirming their stigmatized identities as “addicts,” and by framing experiences such as rejection by family, an arrest or an encounter with death as possibilities for demonstrating honesty and authenticity, and for developing a sense of spirituality and the confidence needed to do the work of recovery. The men’s spirituality did not rely on any kind of consistent religious or spiritual practice; rather, it involved recognizing God as a force in their lives and remaining open to new discoveries and insights.
Klesas and Pretas
Authors: Dossett Wendy 
Published: April 2020

This article offers an analysis of Buddhist approaches to addiction recovery in the terms of some of the key debates in addiction/recovery studies. Buddhist recovery teachings are analysed for the extent to which they embody models of addiction which construe the problem as a disease, as a moral problem, as a problem of powerlessness, as a problem of control, as a choice, as a social or a personal problem, and as continuous (or not) with putative samsaric experience. They are also analysed for the extent to which recovery is modelled as a change of identity or of practices, and how far ‘recovery ideals' align with Buddhist soteriology. The article exposes philosophical and epistemological diversity across Buddhist recovery pathways, and argues that the therapeutization of Buddhism (Metcalf 2002) is inadequate as a categorical frame
Maternal Serum D Vitamini Seviyesinin Gebelik Sonuçlarına Etkisi
Authors: ONAT Taylan , BAŞER Emre , DEMİR ÇALTEKİN Melike , AYDOĞAN KIRMIZI Demet , KARA Mustafa , YALVAÇ Ethem Serdar 
Published: April 2020

Amaç: D
vitamini kalsiyum dengesi ve kemik sağlığının sağlanmasında önemli bir yağda
çözünen vitamindir. D vitamini eksikliği tüm dünyayı etkileyen önemli bir halk
sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; bölgemizdeki gebelerin D vitamini
seviyesini saptamak ve olası gebelik komplikasyonları ile olan ilişkisini
değerlendirmektir.

Materyal ve Metod: Kesitsel
tipte yapılan bu çalışmaya kadın hastalıkları ve doğum
polikliniğine rutin gebelik muayenesi için başvuran 175 gebe dahil edildi. Çalışmaya
katılan gebelerin demografik özellikleri ve obstetrik hikayeleri kayıt edildi.
Maternal serum D vitamini seviyeleri ile gebelik sonuçları karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya
katılan gebelerin ortalama serum D vitamini değeri 11,16±7,15 ng/ml olarak
saptandı ve gebelerin % 57.7’sinde ciddi D vitamini eksikliği (&lt; 10 ng/ml) vardı.
Gebelik sonuçları ile maternal D vitamini seviyeleri arasında ilişki
saptanmadı.

Sonuç:
Çalışmamızda ciddi D vitamini eksikliğinin % 57.7 olarak saptanmasına rağmen maternal
D vitamini seviyeleri ile gebelik sonuçları arasında herhangi bir ilişki
saptanmadı.
Health technology assessment in obstetrics: advantage of tailored conservative strategy vs surgical therapies of monochorionic twin complicated by TRAP-sequence
Authors: Tsibizova V. I. , Govorov I. E. , Averkin I. I. , Khamani N. M. , Blinov D. V. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction.Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome is one of the types of complications of monochorial twins (MT) with a frequency of occurrence of 1:35000 births. It is characterized by the presence of the main vessel instead of a normal 4 chambers heart and intrauterine developmental abnormalities. This pregnancy requires monitoring using dynamic ultrasound diagnostics every 7 days, in accordance with current recommendations. The treatment is intrauterine laser coagulation of blood vessels of the “acardial fetus” (AP) in order to prevent the development of a threatening condition for the “fetal pump” (PP). Aim: to demonstrate the possibilities of comprehensive conservative management of monochorial pregnancy complicated by TRAP.Materials and methods. An ultrasound examinations were performed on a weekly basis in monochorionic pregnancy, complicated by TRAP within the period 12-38 weeks. Serum concentrations of biochemical markers PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and β-hGC (β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) were studied in the first trimester to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.Results. The possibility of prolonging a pregnancy complicated by TRAP without performing intrauterine surgical intervention, during which quite serious complications can occur in this category of pregnancies, has been demonstrated. In a patient with monochorionic twins complicated by TRAP, totally 27 ultrasound examinations were performed within the period 12-38 weeks. This approach made it possible to dynamically monitor the condition of a pregnant and healthy fetus and to prolong pregnancy without surgery until the full term.Conclusions.Following the existing guidelines, without tailoring for individual risk, may lead to an unreasonable increase in surgical interventions. In turn, surgery is not only accompanied by a high risk of complications (up to 15%), but also constitute a certain financial burden on the budget, determined by the state on the level of 208,000 rubles. Performing routine ultrasound examinations according to the examination protocol for monochorionic pregnancy will contribute to avoiding the complications associated with surgery and better selection for surgery as well as reducing the government costs.
COVID-19 in Moscow: prognoses and scenarios
Authors: Tamm M. V. 
Published: April 2020

Aim:to present a mathematical model of the development of COVID-19 in Moscow along with the analysis of some scenarios of epidemic control and possible epidemic consequences.Materials and Methods.The modeling of the epidemics was based on the extended SEIR model proposed lately in the group of Prof. R. Neher and realized as a freely available software program. The authors based the choice of the parameters of modeling on published data on the epidemiological properties of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and open access data on the registered cases of COVID-19 in Moscow for 8-27 March 2020.Results.Five potential scenarios of the development of COVID-19 epidemics are studied. The scenarios are differed by the levels of the control measures: Null Scenario corresponded to the lack of protective measures, Scenario A – mild measures of the epidemic control (closing of schools and universities, recommendations for senior citizens to stay inside), Scenario B – medium level of control (closing of all public places, recommendation for the citizens to stay inside), Scenarios C and D – complete lockdown (from the beginning of May 2020 within Scenario C and from the beginning of April 2020 within Scenario D). It was shown that within the Null Scenario, the lethality from the novel coronavirus in Moscow will exceed 100 thousand people, and the number of critically ill patients on the peak of the epidemics will exceed the capacities of the system of healthcare. Scenarios A and B did not provide for a radical decrease in the fatality rate, and the number of critically ill patients at the peak of epidemics will still exceed the capacities of the system of healthcare. Besides, within Scenario B, the epidemics will last for more than a year. Scenarios C and D will allow for the control of epidemics and a significant decrease in the rate of letha lity (by 30 and 400 times, respectively). At the same time, these two scenarios prevent the population from developing herd immunity, which would result in the population susceptibility to repeated epidemics outbreaks.Conclusion. The scenarios intended for the slow development of herd immunity in the conditions of epidemic control would not bring sufficient results: the lethality would remain unacceptably high, the capacities of the system of healthcare would be overloaded, and the time of limiting measures would be unacceptably long. Such measures as complete lockdown would stop the present epidemics. The earlier they are introduced, the more efficient will be the results. To prevent further repeated outbreaks of the epidemics, it is necessary to establish a system of available, quick, and efficient testing in combination with point isolation of the infected patients and their contacts.