bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in the Association of Food Security and Dietary Diversity with and without Imposed Ten Grams Minimum Consumption
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Suro Andadari Dwi Putri Pangesti , Segalita Calista 
Published: September 2020

Background Dietary diversity measurement is one of the simple tools to assess the quality of food consumed in populationlevel and endorse by many international agencies. However, there is a growing concern that the current dietary diversity measures were lacking in the sensitivity due to the omission of minimum food consumed to be considered as consuming certain food groups in the calculation of dietary diversity score. The purpose of this study is to find the difference in DDS measurement between two methods by applying a 10-grams minimum intake for all food groups and the other one, without. Design A cross-sectional studies involving 55 samples from two villages with different geographical characteristics. Methods One village represents the agricultural area; other was fishpond/coastal area. Dietary diversity was analyzed using Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) with 9 food categorizations. Dietary diversity measurement calculated based on the food recall with consideration of 10 grams minimum of food weight consumption. Mann Whitney Test used to analyze the difference between calculation of dietary diversity score with and without minimum 10-grams. Results There is no difference of children's dietary diversity between agriculture and fishpond family group when the dietary diversity was omitting 10 grams minimum intake (pvalue= 0.184), while, using 10 grams minimums intake (p=0.024), there is a difference. Conclusions Using 10 grams minimum had shown to strengthened the relationship between dietary diversity and adequacy. Further research is needed to find other minimum requirement in different kind of population to find differences among them.
Optimizing the shielding properties of strength-enhanced concrete containing marble
Authors: Abdel-Latif Ahmed , Kassab Maged , Sayyed M. I. , Tekin H. O. 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a low cost, locally produced concrete mixture with optimum marble content. The resulting mixture would have enhanced strength properties compared to the non-marble reference concrete, and improved radiation shielding properties. To accomplish these goals five concrete mixtures were prepared, containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% marble waste powder as a cement replacement on the basis of weight.These samples were subjected to a compressive strength test. The shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients μm, mean free path MFP, effective atomic number $Z_{eff}$ and exposure build-up factors EBF were measured, and results were compared with those obtained using the WinXcom program and MCNPX code in the photon energy range of 0.015 - 3 MeV. Moreover, the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-section (neutron attenuation coefficient) was calculated and the results presented. The results show that the sample which contains 10% marble has the highest compressive strength and potentially good gamma ray and neutron radiation shielding properties.
Pre-diagnostic drop out of presumptive TB patients and its associated factors at Bugembe Health Centre IV in Jinja, Uganda
Authors: Ekuka Godfrey , Kawooya Ismael , Kayongo Edward , Ssenyonga Ronald , Mugabe Frank , Awongo Chaiga Peter , Nsawotebba Andrew , Tweya Hannock , Mijumbi-Deve Rhona 
Published: September 2020

Background: Drop out of presumptive TB individuals before making a final diagnosis poses a danger to the individual and their community. We aimed to determine the proportion of these presumptive TB drop outs and their associated factors in Bugembe Health Centre, Jinja, Uganda.
Methods: We used data from the DHIS2, presumptive and laboratory registers of Bugembe Health Centre IV for 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the population characteristics. A modified Poisson regression model via the generalized linear model (GLM) with log link and robust standard errors was used for bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: Among the 216 registered presumptive TB patients who were less than 1% of patients visiting the outpatients’ department, 40.7% dropped out before final diagnosis was made. Age and HIV status were significantly associated with pre-diagnostic drop out while gender and distance from the health center were not.
Conclusion: A high risk to individuals and the community is posed by the significant proportion of presumptive TB pa- tients dropping out before final diagnosis. Health systems managers need to consider interventions targeting young persons, male patients, HIV positive persons.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB); Pre-diagnostic drop out; Presumptive TB; SORT IT.
Biofilm formation of Candida Spp. isolated from the vagina and antibiofilm activities of lactic acid bacteria on the these Candida Isolates
Authors: Kıvanç Merih , Er Sevda 
Published: September 2020

Background: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial cells and cell-free filtrates of Lactobacillus acidophilus 8MR7 and Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei 10MR8 on the biofilm formation of 3 Candida tropicalis, 3 C. glabrata and 12 C. albicans isolated from the vagina and identified their virulence factors.
Methods: Haemolytic activities esterase activities, and phospholipase activities as virulence factors of Candida strains were determined. Biofilm formations of these isolates were determined by Congo Red agar and microtitration plate method. Anti-biofilm activities of bacterial cells and cell-free filtrates of L. acidophilus 8MR7 and L. paracasei subspecies paracasei 10MR8 on Candida isolates were determined by the microtitration plate method.
Results: Bacterial cells of L. acidophilus 8MR7 and L. paracasei subspecies paracasei 10MR8 were not very effective in the in- hibition of biofilm, whereas it has been observed that the cell-free filtrates of these bacteria inhibit the formation of biofilms of Candida strains. Although the main mechanism for inhibiting the formation of Candida spp. biofilm is the competition for adhesion, it is concluded that the substances contained in the cell-free filtrates of lactic acid bacteria are also important.
Conclusion: These isolates promise hope as potential bacteria that can be used for anti-adhesion purposes in health-care materials.
Keywords: Lactobacillus acidophilus; L. paracesei subspecies paracesei; vagina; biofilm.
Condom use: a less travelled route among minibus taxi drivers and their taxi queens in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: G Mchunu Gugu , R Naidoo Joanne , P Ncama Busisiwe 
Published: September 2020

Background: Despite significant gains in the HIV epidemic in South Africa, with reduction in mortality and elimination of vertical transmission, national HIV prevalence remains high, with women rather than men continuing to bear higher bur- den of the disease. Population subgroups, through ignorance, disbelief or recklessness, continue to engage in risky sexual behaviour. A substantial proportion of minibus taxi drivers engage in risky sex, seldom seeing themselves at risk for STIs or HIV/AIDS. These taxi drivers have been linked with so-called taxi queens, with whom they engage in transactional and intergenerational relationships.
Objectives: The study explored condom use and condom negotiation strategies among taxi drivers and taxi queens in Kwa- Zulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods: Applying explorative qualitative design, we conducted focus group discussion and individual interviews among participants who were purposively recruited in KwaZulu-Natal.
Results: Qualitative data analysis revealed that condom use and negotiation are sources of conflict for the participants. In addition, the strategies employed by participants to ensure condom usage are not always sustainable and are likely to be problematic due to a variety of complex factors.
Conclusion: Our study concludes by recommending a nested public health response that takes cognizance of factors that promote sustainable condom use strategies among this population subgroup.
Keywords: Condom use; minibus taxi drivers; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa.
Trends in rape cases in a Nigerian state
Authors: A Idoko Chinedu , Nwobodo Ed , I Idoko Chinelo 
Published: September 2020

Background: Rape remains a controversial issue with a few victims reporting experience because of the myriad of societal perception, prolonged steps in pursuing a case to logical conclusion of securing conviction, as well as psychological and physical residuals of the experience. Data in Nigeria is therefore hard to come by as it is diminished and often not available.
Objectives: To assess the pattern and trend of rape cases in a State in Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study where data records on socio-demographics and case specifics was collected on victims of sexual assault that reported to DFID/ PATHS 2 supported Tamar Sexual Assault Centre between 2014 and 2016 after which it was analysed and presented in bar charts.
Results: The yearly prevalence varied for the different age groups studied with the highest prevalence noted for 13 years and above (175,200,255) over the 3 years of 2014, 2015 and 2016 studied. The reported cases also improved over the studied years with rates of 0.47, 0.96 and 0.5 respectively.
Conclusion: The yearly comparison and baseline data show that the centre's establishment caused an improvement in rape case reporting and follow-up.
Keywords: Rape; trends; Nigerian; State.
Pattern of congenital heart disease among children presenting to the Uganda Heart Institute, Mulago Hospital: a 7-year review
Authors: Namuyonga Judith , Lubega Sulaiman , Aliku Twalib , Omagino John , Sable Craig , Lwabi Peter 
Published: September 2020

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in children. Over half of the deaths due to CHD occur in the neonatal period. Most children with unrepaired complex heart lesions do not live to celebrate their first birthday. We describe the spectrum of congenital heart disease in Uganda.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of children with CHD who presented to the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI), Mulago Hospital Complex from 2007 to 2014.
Results: A total of 4621 children were seen at the UHI during the study period. Of these, 3526 (76.3%) had CHD; 1941(55%) were females. Isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common CHD seen in 923 (27.2%) children followed by Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 760 (22%) and atrial septal defects (ASD) 332 (9.4%). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and Truncus arteriosus were the most common cyanotic heart defects (7% and 5% respectively). Dysmorphic features were diagnosed in 185 children, of which 61 underwent genetic testing (Down syndrome=24, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome n=10). Children with confirmed 22q11.2 deletion had conotruncal abnormalities.
Conclusion: Isolated VSD and Tetralogy of Fallot are the most common acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart defects. We report an unusually high occurrence of Truncus arteriosus.
Keywords: Congenital heart disease; children; Uganda.
Non infective bullous lesions: a diagnostic challenge in a minimally equipped centre- based solely on microscopic findings
Authors: Garg Rashi , Bhojani Kaushal 
Published: September 2020

Vesicobullous lesions of skin may occur in different forms of dermatosis, which include various inflammatory, infective, autoimmune, drug induced as well as genetic conditions. Autoimmune bullous lesions, may be fatal if not treated with ap- propriate agents. Bearing in mind, the morbidity of these diseases, it is important to establish a firm diagnosis. A diagnostic skin biopsy with immunofluorescence is frequently used to confirm a clinical diagnosis, especially where it is not apparent clinically. There are many centres in India where immunofluorescence is not available and the diagnosis in these lesions is based on clinical and histopathological features only. Here in this study, we studied 53 skin punch biopsies with clinical suspicion of vesicobullous lesions followed by histopathological examination was carried out over a period of 2 years in a Medical College in Gujarat. Lesions were categorised based on the location of the blister. 1) Suprabasal 2) subcorneal 3) and subepidermal. Further subtyping was done based on additional histopathological features and clinical correlation. All the patients responded appropriately to the treatment and the results correlated well with the immunofluorescence done in a few cases. This study lays emphasis upon the histopathology and clinical features keeping in consideration of the lack of ancillary techniques in many centres especially in the developing world.
Keywords: Non infective bullous lesions; microscopic examination.
Effect of levetiracetam drug on antioxidant and liver enzymes in epileptic patients: case-control study
Authors: Mahdavi Atena , Alavi Naeini Amirmansour , Najafi Mohammadreza , Maracy Mohammadreza , Aghaye Ghazvini Mohammadreza 
Published: September 2020

Background: There is a limited amount of data regarding levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug.
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of LEV on antioxidant status and liver enzymes.
Method: In this case-control study, 33 epileptic patients under treatment with LEV for at least 6 months were compared with 35 healthy subjects. We measured serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminoteransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminoteransferase (AST) levels in both groups. Dietary intakes were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
Result: The level of TAC in the healthy subjects was significantly higher than it was in the patients (P=0.02), but the mean of ALT (P=0.02) and AST (P=0.03) was significantly higher in the patients in comparison with the controls. Mean salivary SOD showed no difference between the two groups. In the patients, the duration of drug use was inversely correlated with serum TAC (p=0.04) and had a direct correlation with ALT (p=0.01) and AST (p=0.03.).
Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that LEV increased liver enzymes Also, treatment with this drug did not improve oxidative stress, but this could be due to the different in the dietary antioxidant intake. Routine screening of the liver and antioxidant enzymes in patients with chronic use of LEV is recommended.
Keywords: Levetiracetam; antioxidant; liver enzymes; epilepsy.
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN KURIKULUM 2013 DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Winarti Dwi Febriani  , Geri Syahril Sidik  , Riza Fatimah Zahrah  
Published: September 2020

The background of this research is that the evaluation of learning conducted in the 2013 curriculumbased learning process is often not optimally prepared and has not held fast to the guidelines so that there are still many teachers who have not optimally implemented the 2013 curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the teacher's cognitive readiness in implementing the 2013 curriculum and the management of learning evaluation of cognitive and affective aspects at SDN Cipadung, Kab. Tasikmalaya. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using triangulation with instruments used were teacher's cognitive readiness questionnaire, observation sheet and interview sheet for evaluating the 2013 curriculum learning management. The population of this research is all teachers of SDN Cipadung in Parungponteng District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The results showed that based on the results of calculation and analysis of questionnaires, aspects of teacher cognitive readiness obtained good categories. Based on the results of observations and interviews regarding the management of 2013 curriculum learning evaluations on the cognitive aspects get a good category, while the affective aspects get enough categories. It can be concluded that the cognitive readiness of teachers in implementing the 2013 curriculum is good and the management of learning evaluation of cognitive and affective aspects is good.

Abstrak
Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah Evaluasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran berbasis Kurikulum 2013 sering kali tidak dipersiapkan secara maksimal dan belum berpegang teguh pada pedoman sehingga masih banyak guru yang belum maksimal mengimplementasikan kurikulum 2013.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan menganalisis tentang kesiapan kognitif guru dalam menerapkan kurikulum 2013 dan pengelolaan evaluasi pembelajaran aspek kognitif dan afektif di SDN Cipadung Kab. Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan triangulasidengan instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket kesiapan kognitif guru, lembar observasi dan lembar wawancara pengelolaan evaluasi pembelajaran kurikulum 2013. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh guruSDN Cipadung di Kecamatan Parungponteng, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis angket, aspek kesiapan kognitif guru memperoleh kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara mengenai pengelolaan evaluasi pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 pada aspek kognitif memperoleh kategori baik, sedangkan pada aspek afektif memperoleh kategori cukup. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesiapan kognitif guru dalam menerapkan kurikulum 2013 sudah baik dan pengelolaan evaluasi pembelajaran aspek kognitif dan aspek afektif sudah baik.
Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Sekolah Dasar, Kurtilas, Kesiapan Kognitif.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PAIR CHECKS BERBANTUAN KARTU SOAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS TERPADU SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Sihombing Lisbet 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine whether the Pair Checks Cooperative model can improve the learning outcomes of students of class VIII in SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Java. The research model used is quantitative research. The population is all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Java by taking a purposive sampling technique, two classes were selected as the sample of this study, namely VIII IPS 1 class as an experimental class of 32 people and VIII IPS 2 as a control class of 32 people too. The instrument used was a social studies achievement test in the form of multiple choice. The data analysis technique used in this study is the t-test. In testing the hypotheses used the statistical test t test results obtained calculations tcount> t table at the level = 0.05 with dk 62 = = 32 + 32-2 = 62 ie (5.50> 1.99) thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted . In other words after the experiment was carried out there was a significant influence between the use of the Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Type Pair Checks Assisted by Problem Cards to Integrated Social Studies Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Java in Academic Year 2019/2020.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model Kooperatif Tipe Pair Checks dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Ekonomi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Jawa. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Jawa dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposif sampling, dipilih dua kelas sebagai sampel penelitian ini, yaitu kelas VIII IPS 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang berjumlah 32 orang dan VIII IPS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang berjumlah 32 orang juga. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar IPS berbentuk pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji-t. Dalam pengujian hipotesis digunakan uji statistik uji t hasil perhitungan tersebut diperoleh thitung > ttabel pada taraf = 0,05 dengan dk 62 = = 32+32-2=62 yakni ( 5,50>1,99) dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Dengan kata lain setelah eksperimen dilakukan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunakan Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Pair Checks Berbantuan Kartu Soal Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Terpadu Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Jawa Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020.
Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran , Kooperatif Tipe Pair Checks, Berbantuan Kartu Soal, Hasil Belajar
Bangladesh’s Flooding: Coping Strategies of Flood Affected People of Nageshwari Upazila
Authors: Sarker Mehraz Hossain , Sujauddin K. M. 
Published: September 2020

Flood is one of the most common natural disasters in Southeast Asia, especially in Bangladesh. Extreme flood inundates more than half of the developing country’s landmass causing immense suffering to human life, damages properties, and economy. Furthermore, flood protection and management have been emphasized in terms of the sustainable development approach against climate impacts. As a result, Bangladesh has developed distinct indigenous practices to protect themselves from floods. The study aimed to identify the coping mechanisms and indigenous knowledge and the barriers to using these mechanisms. The study was conducted in two unions named Ratanpur and Nunkhawa of Nageshwari Upazila which is an Upazila of Kurigram District of Bangladesh. The study was based on. A mixed-method was used for the study. The survey questionnaire, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants’ interviews (KII) were used as the tools for collecting data. Most of the respondents were farmers who had very minimal income level. Even though respondents used the shelter center during the flood incident, selling assents, letting children work, multiple works, extra labor were the fundamental strategies to overcome financial damage. The most common challenges faced by the victims to overcome the situation were the financial scarcity and recovering wasted crops. Filing to recover the vulnerability made some of the respondents migrate to another city or place. Proper money lending and credit system at reasonable or without interest rate, Instant food, and pure water supply can facilitate their mechanism.
Benefits of recreation in the “Nad Tanwią” nature reserve determined by the travel cost method
Authors: Mandziuk Agnieszka , Parzych Stanislaw , Studnicki Marcin 
Published: September 2020

The quality and quantity of valuable natural areas is assessed through the prism of benefits derived from all the functions performed by them, among which tourist and recreational functions play an increasingly important role. The main purpose of this paper was to determine economic benefits obtained by tourists visiting the “Nad Tanwią” nature reserve located in the south-eastern part of Poland, calculated using the travel cost method, TCM. The survey method was used as part of the research. Surveys were conducted from May to September 2017 on a group of 341 respondents. Data regarding the length of the visit and the amount of costs related to the stay in the reserve were subject to statistical analysis using the CART method. The results of the survey showed that the respondents reported a need for 14 types of visits depending on their duration. The value of the consumer surplus amounted to PLN 986/person, and the value of the gross benefit amounted to PLN 1,069/person. The value of the consumer surplus, which was the share of tourists visiting the reserve during the year, amounted to PLN 108 million, and the gross value of non-market benefits for this group was PLN 118 million. The developed model of travel costs in the reserve allows for the assessment of recreational benefits of this place. The development of tourism and recreation in areas attractive in terms of nature contributes to improvement regarding meeting recreational needs of tourists and the existing transportation infrastructure.

Keywords: leisure, tourism, valuation, protected area, “Nad Tanwią” nature reserve, travel cost method, consumer surplus