bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ILB® resolves inflammatory scarring and promotes functional tissue repair
Authors: Hill Lisa J. , Botfield Hannah F. , Begum Ghazala , Qureshi Omar , Vigneswara Vasanthy , Masood Imran , Barnes Nicholas M. , Bruce Lars , Logan Ann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFibrotic disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide, with fibrosis arising from prolonged inflammation and aberrant extracellular matrix dynamics. Compromised cellular and tissue repair processes following injury, infection, metabolic dysfunction, autoimmune conditions and vascular diseases leave tissues susceptible to unresolved inflammation, fibrogenesis, loss of function and scarring. There has been limited clinical success with therapies for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases such that there remains a large unmet therapeutic need to restore normal tissue homoeostasis without detrimental side effects. We investigated the effects of a newly formulated low molecular weight dextran sulfate (LMW-DS), termed ILB®, to resolve inflammation and activate matrix remodelling in rodent and human disease models. We demonstrated modulation of the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vitro together with scar resolution and improved matrix remodelling in vivo. Of particular relevance, we demonstrated that ILB® acts, in part, by downregulating transforming growth factor (TGF)β signalling genes and by altering gene expression relating to extracellular matrix dynamics, leading to tissue remodelling, reduced fibrosis and functional tissue regeneration. These observations indicate the potential of ILB® to alleviate fibrotic diseases.
Error feedback denoising network
Authors: Hou Ruizhi , Li Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, deep convolutional neural networks have been successfully used for image denoising due to their favourable performance. This paper examines the error feedback mechanism to image denoising and propose an error feedback denoising network. Specifically, we use the down‐and‐up projection sequence to estimate the noise feature. By the residual connection, the clean structures are removed from the noise features. The essential difference between the proposed network and other existing feedback networks is the projection sequence. Our error feedback projection sequence is down‐and‐up, which is more suitable for image denoising than the existing up‐and‐down order. Moreover, we design a compression block to improve the expression ability of the general 11 convolutional compression layer. The advantage of our well‐designed down‐and‐up block is that the network parameters are fewer than other feedback networks and the receptive field is enlarged. We have implemented our error feedback denoising network on denoising and JPEG image deblocking. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our down‐and‐up block and demonstrate that our error feedback denoising network is comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art. The code will be open source. The source codes for reproducing the
results can be found at: https://github.com/Houruizhi/EFDN.
Immunsuppressive Wirkung von Mitomycin-C-behandelten mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes (MICs) in der Vaskularisierten Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Kiefer Jurij , Diehm Yannick , Germann Günter , Kneser Ulrich , Terness Peter , Radu Christian Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Vaskularisierte Composite Allotransplantationen (VCA) ermöglichen die Wiederherstellung komplexer Gewebedefekte. Die ersten erfolgreichen allogenen Hand- und Gesichtstransplantationen haben die Forschung zur Verbesserung der immunsuppressiven Therapien stetig vorangetrieben. Die Inkubation mononukleärer Zellen des peripheren Blutes (PBMCs) mit Mitomycin C (MMC) generiert immunmodulatorisch wirksame Zellen (MICs). In vorherigen Studien konnten wir eine signifikante immunsuppressive Wirkung durch die Applikation von Donor-MICs am Tag der Transplantation zeigen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den optimalen Zeitpunkt der Behandlung mit MICs in der VCA zu eruieren.
Material und Methoden 60 allogene Hinterlauftransplantationen wurden in 6 experimentellen Gruppen durchgeführt. Lewis-Ratten (LEW) dienten als Spender-, Brown-Norway-Ratten (BN) als Empfängertiere. Tieren der Gruppe A wurden einmalig Spender-MICs 7 Tage präoperativ systemisch verabreicht. Gruppe B-F dienten als Kontrollgruppen. Tiere der Gruppe B erhielten keine immunsuppressive Therapie. In Gruppe C wurden unbehandelte Spender-PBMCs 7 Tage präoperativ verabreicht. Tiere der Gruppe D erhielten nur das Zellkulturmedium. Tieren der Gruppe E wurde eine Standardimmunsuppression mit Tacrolimus und Prednisolon verabreicht. In Gruppe F wurden syngene Hinterlauftransplantationen (BN→BN) durchgeführt. Der Abstoßungszeitpunkt wurde sowohl anhand klinischer Beobachtungen als auch aufgrund histologischer Parameter bestimmt.
Ergebnisse In Versuchsgruppe A zeigte sich im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen B, C und D (5,5 ± 0,7, 5,3 ± 0,7 und 5,7 ± 0,5) eine signifikant früher eintretende Abstoßungsreaktion der Hinterläufe nach 3,5 ± 0,2 Tagen (p < 0,01). In den Kontrollgruppen E und F zeigte sich keine Abstoßungsreaktion.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die immunmodulatorische Wirkung von MICs unmittelbar vom Applikationszeitpunkt abhängt. Nachdem in vorherigen Experimenten die Applikation von MICs am Transplantationstag eine signifikante immunsuppressive Wirkung aufwies, konnte im Rahmen dieser Studie gezeigt werden, dass die präoperative Gabe von MICs zu einer beschleunigten Abstoßung führt und damit das Überleben des Transplantates signifikant verkürzt wird. Folgestudien sind notwendig, um sowohl die Modifikation des Applikationszeitpunktes als auch die Dosis-Effekt-Beziehungen und Zellcharakteristika dieser potentiell immunsuppressiven Zellen weiter zu untersuchen.
Qualitätssteigerung in der Intensivmedizin durch Telemedizin: Beispiel TELnet@NRW
Authors: Dohmen Sandra , Benstoem Carina , Wahl Alina , Offermann Anke , Marx Gernot 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas deutsche Gesundheitssystem steht vor der großen Herausforderung, eine qualitativ hochwertige und flächendeckende Gesundheitsversorgung bei zunehmendem Ärztemangel auch in Zukunft sicherzustellen. Telemedizinisch gestützte Gesundheitsnetzwerke, die einen wohnortnahen und bedarfsgerechten Zugang zu spezialisierter fachärztlicher Expertise und damit zu einer qualitativ hochwertigen, patientenzentrierten Behandlung gewährleisten, könnten eine Lösung darstellen. Anhand des Best-Practice-Projekts TELnet@NRW werden die Potenziale der Tele-Intensivmedizin aufgezeigt und praktisch umgesetzt. TELnet@NRW zeigt, dass telemedizinische Prozessinnovationen die Behandlungsqualität verbessern können und somit die Patientenversorgung auf einem qualitativ sehr hohen Niveau sicherstellen. Mit der flächendeckenden Etablierung telemedizinischer Anwendungen werden neue Strukturen im Gesundheitswesen geschaffen, die eine effizientere Nutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen ermöglichen.
TELnet@NRW wurde in der ersten Phase der Innovationsfondsprojekte gefördert. Die Experten der Universitätskliniken Aachen und Münster führten gemeinsam mit 17 Kooperationskrankenhäusern und 2 Ärztenetzen mit über 100 angeschlossenen niedergelassenen Ärzten täglich intensivmedizinische Televisiten und infektiologische Telekonsile durch. Es gab eine 24/7/365 Verfügbarkeit. Die Kommunikation erfolgte über ein verschlüsseltes Audio-Video-Konferenzsystem und die zertifizierte Datenaustauschplattform FallAkte Plus diente dem datenschutzkonformen Austausch relevanter patientenbezogener Dokumente und dem Telekonsilbericht. Ziel von TELnet@NRW war der Aufbau eines sektorenübergreifenden telemedizinischen Netzwerks als neue digitale Versorgungsform. Insgesamt wurden > 150 000 Patienten in die Cluster-randomisierte Studie eingeschlossen. Mit TELnet@NRW konnte ein Grundstein für eine telemedizinische gestützte, zukunftssichere und qualitativ hochwertige Gesundheitsversorgung
gelegt werden. Dieser wird aktuell als konzeptionelle Grundlage für das Virtuelle Krankenhaus NRW als mögliche Verstetigungslösung der ehemaligen Projektleistungen genutzt.
Morbidity and Mortality Review in a University Dental Hospital: A Necessary Tool to Improve Quality of Care
Authors: Esclassan Rémi , Valera Marie-Cécile , Bergia Jean Marc , Canceill Thibault , Mendes Leonor Costa , Bailleul-Forestier Isabelle , Gardette Virginie , Vaysse Frédéric , Gurgel-Georgelin Marie , Noirrit Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective The study aimed to describe and to analyze the first morbidity and mortality review (MMRs) set up within a Dental University Hospital using detailed case reports to highlight the benefits of MMRs for patients, practitioners, teachers and to implement appropriate protocols to prevent recurrence.
Materials and Methods The MMRs were performed within the dentistry departments of the hospital over the 1-year study period. Each case was reviewed according to a protocol based on a tool defined by the Clinical Risk Unit and the Association of Litigation and Risk Management (ALARM).
Results Four cases were selected based on an oral report by a doctor from the dental service, a downstream service, or by the attending physician. The first case report related to a patient who suffered a breathing shock. The second concerned a tooth inhalation by a young disabled boy. The third was a therapeutic failure instigated by a student during a tooth preparation, and the fourth case involved an unexpected face-to-face meeting between a prisoner accompanied by police guards and an ancient victim at the dental hospital.
Discussion Clinical incidents were investigated with the ALARM protocol. This process is also less focused on the individual who makes the error and more on contributing systemic factors. The systematic analysis of cases associated with bibliographic reviews improves learning and performance outcomes. Clear answers were given in response to the problems raised during these MMRs.
Conclusion In dental hospitals, the culture of MMRs needs to be integrated into resident training like in medical hospitals.
Volar Plating versus Headless Compression Screw Fixation of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Meta-analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Van Nest Duncan S. , Reynolds Michael , Warnick Eugene , Sherman Matthew , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground Headless compression screw fixation with bone grafting has been the mainstay of treatment for scaphoid nonunion for the past several decades. Recently, locked volar plate fixation has gained popularity as a technique for scaphoid fixation, especially for recalcitrant or secondary nonunions.Purpose The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare union rates and clinical outcomes between locked volar plate fixation and headless compression screw fixation for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions.Methods A literature search was performed for studies documenting treatment outcomes for scaphoid nonunions from 2000 to 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) average age > 18 years, (2) primary study using screw fixation, plate fixation, or both, with discrete data reported for each procedure, and (3) average follow-up of at least 3 months. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies with incomplete or missing data on union rates. Data from each study was weighted, combined within treatment groups, and compared across treatment groups using a generalized linear model or binomial distribution.Results Following title and full-text review, 23 articles were included for analysis. Preoperatively, patients treated with plate fixation had significantly longer time from injury to surgery and were more likely to have failed prior surgical intervention. There was no significant difference between union rates at 92 and 94% for screw and plate fixation, respectively. However, plate fixation resulted in longer time to union and lower modified Mayo wrist scores.Conclusion Patients treated with locked volar plate fixation were more likely to be used for recalcitrant or secondary nonunions. There was no statistically significant difference in union rates between screw and plate fixation. The results from this meta-analysis support the select use of locked volar plate fixation for scaphoid nonunion, especially recalcitrant nonunions and those that have failed prior surgical repair.
In vitro Biomechanical Analysis of Proximal Phalangeal Osteotomy Fixation
Authors: Deschuyffeleer Sten , Duerinckx Joris , Caekebeke Pieter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Corrective osteotomies of the proximal phalanx are typically stabilized with plate and screws. Although intramedullary headless screws form an alternative fixation method in the treatment of acute phalangeal fractures, reports about fixation of opening wedge corrective osteotomies with these implants are lacking.
Objective The goal of the present study was to biomechanically compare the failure force of both fixation methods for this specific indication.
Methods Twenty-four cadaver phalanges were equally distributed between apex volar and apex lateral opening wedge osteotomy groups. In each group, half of the osteotomies were fixed with a 1.3-mm dorsal locking plate, the other half with a 2.4-mm intramedullary headless screw. A three-point bending test was performed.
Results The mean maximal failure force after apex lateral osteotomy was 178.4 N for the plate-screw construct and 144.0 N after intramedullary headless screw fixation. After apex volar osteotomy, mean maximal force was 237.6 N in the plate-screw group and 160.9 N in the intramedullary headless screw group. Mean stiffness after apex lateral osteotomy was 63.3 N/mm in the plate-screw group, and 55.9 N/mm in the intramedullary headless screw group. Mean stiffness after apex volar osteotomy was 197.5 N/mm and 60.0 N/mm for the plate-screw and intramedullary headless screw group, respectively.
Conclusion For apex volar osteotomies, dorsally applied angular stable plate and screws provide significantly stronger fixation than intramedullary headless screws. For apex lateral osteotomies, fixation force is comparable.
Clinical relevance These data are useful when considering fixation of opening wedge osteotomies with intramedullary screws.
Delayed Presentation of Unstable Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears Treated with Volar Foveal Ligament Repair
Authors: Geller Joseph S. , Taormina David P. , Greene Janelle D. , Dodds Seth D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypothesis An open volar surgical approach with suture anchor repair of the foveal ligament and temporary pinning of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is an effective way to treat DRUJ instability associated with chronic foveal tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).
Methods We retrospectively reviewed nine patients with foveal ligament tears of the TFCC and DRUJ instability who underwent open repair of the TFCC using a volar surgical approach, combined with temporary pinning of the DRUJ for 8 weeks. Pain, instability, arc of motion, and functional outcomes scores were evaluated.
Results Mean patient age was 40.5 years (range 16.3–56.2). Average time from injury to surgery was 8.4 months (range 2.9–23.3 months). Average final follow-up was 18.9 months from injury (range 12.0–29.3 months), 10.5 months from surgery (range 3.9–18.6 months), and 8.7 months from pin removal (range 1.7–17.2 months). At final follow-up, all patients demonstrated clinically stable DRUJ. Pain scores diminished significantly from pre to final postoperative visits, with averages of 6.8 (range 4.0–9.0) improving to a mean of 0.70 (range 0.0–2.0), respectively. Average postoperative forearm rotation was 71.1 degrees in supination and 76.1 degrees in pronation (average total arc of motion 147.2 degrees, range 90–160 degrees). Average postoperative wrist motion was 68.8 degrees in flexion and 70.6 degrees in extension (average total arc of motion 139.4 degrees, range 110–160 degrees). No patients developed crepitus, recurrent DRUJ instability, or required revision surgery (subsequent to pin removal).
Conclusion Volar suture anchor repair of the foveal ligament of the TFCC with DRUJ pinning led to reliable outcomes within this patient group including a stable DRUJ with improved functional outcomes regarding pain, stability, and range of motion in patients with foveal TFCC tears and associated DRUJ instability. These results compare favorably with dorsal repair of the foveal ligament.
Level of Incidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Arthroscopic Resection of Wrist Volar Synovial Cyst: Technique Description and Case Series
Authors: de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Carratalá Vicente , Aita Márcio , Mantovani Gustavo , Delgado Pedro J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Arthroscopy nowadays has become a widespread technique for the treatment of orthopaedic pathologies. Small-joint arthroscopy has evolved and, through direct visualization, enables diagnosis and immediate treatment of intra-articular lesions. The arthroscopic resection has become a minimally invasive alternative for the open technique. We intend to describe the technique, literature review, and results of arthroscopy for the surgical treatment of wrist volar synovial cysts.
Methods Thirty-nine patients submitted to arthroscopy for the treatment of wrist volar synovial cyst were included and assessed in this study, during the period of January 2015 to May 2017 with a complete assessment in minimum follow-up of 6 months. The technique was indicated for patients with pain and functional impairment for longer than 4 months, with no improvement with conservative measures, or for patients with cosmetic complaints, or those who presented the cyst for more than 3 months.
Results We demonstrated good outcomes in regard to pain, range of motion, and complications in arthroscopic resection of volar wrist ganglion.
Conclusion Arthroscopic resection of volar synovial is a useful and safe technique. It is a low-morbidity, minimally invasive procedure that carries few complications and is a good alternative to the open technique.
Who and what is their ‘people’? How British political leaders appealed to the people during the 2019 election
Authors: De Luca Marino 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many scholars, mainly those focusing on populism, have analysed the role of ‘the people’ in politics. This has allowed us to understand how many political actors emphasize the central position of this term. Today, ‘the people’ has different meanings depending on how politicians use it in specific contexts. In this paper, the reference to ‘the people’ was measured using the following question: How do political leaders use the word ‘people’? The analysis was conducted on Twitter through the study of the accounts of the foremost political leaders in the UK during the 2019 general election campaign. The results highlight three key attitudes related to the use of ‘people’: a direct and immediate relationship between a leader and a wide people; a calling to a specific people, described as a strong and cohesive group; an appropriation of the voice of the people, grouping people without borders into the classic contraposition between a pure people and the corrupt elite.
Fitness maps to a large-effect locus in introduced stickleback populations
Authors: Schluter Dolph , Marchinko Kerry B. , Arnegard Matthew E. , Zhang Haili , Brady Shannon D. , Jones Felicity C. , Bell Michael A. , Kingsley David M. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceThe role of mutations of large effect in adaptive evolution is a question of enduring interest. Large-effect mutations were once seen as unlikely contributors to adaptation, but we now have numerous examples. A major shortcoming of the evidence is the lack of information on fitness effects of mutations. We conducted a quantitative trait locus study that mapped fitness in an experimental field population of stickleback to a large-effect gene,Ectodysplasin(Eda). We compared this result with allele frequency change at the gene in a young lake population, which also revealed strong natural selection and large fitness effects of theEdagene and/or linked genes. Selection on ancient genetic variants may increase the prevalence of large-effect fitness variants in adaptive evolution.
Bipolar Radiofrequency as an Adjunct to Face and Body Contouring: A 745-Patient Clinical Experience
Authors: Cook Jonathan , DiBernardo Barry E , Pozner Jason N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Radiofrequency (RF) technology has ushered in a new paradigm in body contouring for patients with mild to moderate skin laxity who desire fat removal without exacerbating skin laxity issues. A bipolar internal RF device, used as an adjunct to liposuction, has been found to be simpler and more accurate than previous technologies.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to review the authors’ clinical experience with bipolar RF-assisted liposuction (RFAL).

Methods
We conducted a review of our large experience with bipolar RFAL, evaluating the nuances from appropriate patient selection and specific treatment areas. The review covered 745 patients treated from January 2017 to January 2020 at 2 centers. A retrospective chart review was performed of the first and last 50 patients treated at each center (for a total of 100 patients in each group) to assess trends in outcomes and adverse events.

Results
Results were generally excellent from physician evaluation, and overall patient satisfaction was high (96%). The two most common adverse events were temporary swelling (9%) and nodules (8.5%). Selected examples of a variety of cases are reviewed.

Conclusions
The ability to tighten skin with a minimally invasive tool adds much to the contemporary approach to the body-contouring patient with skin laxity. Adverse events were minimal and greatly decreased after an initial short learning curve. Bipolar RFAL is a strong addition to our surgical armamentarium and has become an essential tool for our practices.

Level of Evidence: 4
Why considering technological heterogeneity is important for evaluating farm performance?
Authors: Renner Swetlana , Sauer Johannes , El Benni Nadja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA split-panel latent class stochastic frontier model is applied to account for technological heterogeneity among Swiss dairy farms and to assess the potential performance improvements through technology choice and change over 11 years. Three technology classes with substantially different productivity levels are identified considering the unobserved and observed farm characteristics. Technologies seem on average well adapted to local natural production conditions with low potential for efficiency and productivity increases. Few farms changed technology over time and either an intensification or extensification strategy was observed. Policymakers must be aware of the interlinkages between technology choices and the economic situation of farms.