bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme heat fluxes and heat transfer mechanisms during electronics spray and jet impingement cooling with boiling
Authors: Pukhovoy M V , Bykovskaya E A , Kabov O A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microelectronics already needs for heat removal more than 1 kW/cm2. To assess the spray cooling capabilities to meet the growing requirements, a review of experimental studies is presented. Both the lack of progress in increasing the limit values of critical heat fluxes over the past 20-30 years and the fact that this technique is considered effective and promising are demonstrated. The “modern” physical picture has been formed at the turn of the 21st century. The review shows that the trend towards increasing the heat transfer coefficients is realized in the same way as in other promising cooling technologies. The paper refers to the studies in which the coolant film thickness was reduced by the authors, as well as those that presented correlations of the three-phase contact line dynamics with the values of the achieved heat flux. A problem is formulated for the required detailed studies of highly dynamic processes in an ultra-thin liquid film at the micro level, aimed at the heat transfer enhancement.
Incinerator for thermal cleaning of ash and slag waste
Authors: Domarov P V , Faleev V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The research of remelting ash of incineration waste was described. The chemical composition of ash and slag waste in the process of thermal neutralization of municipal solid waste was revealed. To determine the chemical and phase composition of the ash at a temperature of 1700K, thermodynamic calculations were performed. Based on the calculation results, experimental studies of remelting ash and slag waste from an incinerator were conducted. It was experimentally confirmed that the melt of fly ash cooled in water takes the form of an inert vitrified slag.
Longitudinal Associations Among Diet Quality, Physical Activity and Sleep Onset Consistency With Body Mass Index z-Score Among Toddlers in Low-income Families
Authors: Covington Lauren , Armstrong Bridget , Trude Angela C B , Black Maureen M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Habits surrounding health behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, diet) are developed in toddlerhood. Lack of consistent health habits may increase obesity risk among toddlers in low-income families.

Purpose
To compare the role of sleep onset consistency, physical activity and diet quality as mediators between household poverty and toddler weight.

Methods
Two hundred and seven toddlers (mean age = 20.2 months, 46% female, 68.1% Black) participating in an obesity prevention trial were assessed at three time points over 12 months. Using Actical accelerometers, we assessed sleep and physical activity at each time point for up to 1 week. We defined sleep onset consistency as the standard deviation of sleep onset across all days. We calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 from a 24-hr dietary recall. We used WHO standards to calculate BMI-for-age z-scores from toddlers’ weight/length, and calculated poverty ratio from parent-reported income and family size. Multilevel mediation models tested toddler sleep onset consistency, physical activity, and diet quality as mediators between household poverty and toddler BMI z-score.

Results
Toddlers from households with higher poverty ratios had more inconsistent sleep onset times. Toddlers with more inconsistent sleep onset times had higher BMI z-scores across all timepoints, even when accounting for physical activity and diet quality. Sleep onset consistency indirectly explained the association between household poverty and BMI z-score.

Conclusions
Inconsistent sleep schedules could help explain the association between poverty and BMI. Future research should examine strategies to support low-income families to develop and maintain routines as a mechanism to prevent obesity and reduce disparities.

Trial registration number
NCT02615158.
Lagged Relationships Among Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity During and After Chemotherapy
Authors: Bulls Hailey W , Hoogland Aasha I , Small Brent J , Kennedy Brittany , James Brian W , Arboleda Bianca L , Shahzad Mian M K , Gonzalez Brian D , Jim Heather S L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is well-documented and can become chronic for up to a third of patients. CIPN management is hampered by limited pharmacological options. Thus, identifying modifiable behaviors that influence CIPN may help inform future interventions.

Purpose
The purpose of the current study was to examine bidirectional relationships between sleep quality, physical activity, and CIPN during and after chemotherapy.

Methods
Participants were 138 women with gynecologic cancer (M age = 61, 94% white, 96% non-Hispanic), collected as part of an ongoing study. Assessments occurred at postcycle 1, postcycle 6, and 6- and 12-month postchemotherapy. CIPN (EORTC-CIPN20), sleep quality (PSQI), and physical activity (IPAQ) were assessed via self-report. Objective physical activity was assessed via wrist actigraphy. Latent change score models were used to examine lagged relationships between CIPN, sleep quality, and physical activity pairs.

Results
Over the study period, sleep quality was found to contribute to CIPN (p = .001), but not the reverse (p &gt; .05). Bidirectional relationships were observed between CIPN and both objective and subjective walking (ps ≤ .001). Illustrations of these relationships showed that patients with less CIPN early in treatment demonstrate more substantial increases in walking over time, while those with higher CIPN demonstrate more consistent levels of walking during and after treatment.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that worse sleep quality and lower walking levels may contribute to the course and maintenance of CIPN. Future investigation should evaluate the impact of early interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and encouraging physical activity in patients treated with chemotherapy.
Early Treatment Improvements in Depression Are Associated With Overall Improvements in Fatigue Impact and Pain Interference in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Knowles Lindsey M , Arewasikporn Anne , Kratz Anna L , Turner Aaron P , Alschuler Kevin N , Ehde Dawn M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepression, fatigue, and pain commonly co-occur in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are positively associated with one another. However, it is unclear whether treatment-related improvement in one of these symptoms is associated with improvements in the other two symptoms.PurposeThis study examined whether early improvements in depressive symptoms, fatigue impact, and pain interference during a multisymptom intervention in persons with MS were associated with overall improvements in the other two symptoms.MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which both treatments improved depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference. Adults with MS experiencing chronic pain, chronic fatigue, and/or moderate depressive symptoms (N = 154, 86% women) participated in an 8-week, telephone-delivered intervention: self-management (n = 69) or education (n = 85); intervention groups were combined for the current study. Outcome measures were depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), fatigue impact (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory). Path analysis examined associations between pre-to-mid intervention improvement in one symptom (i.e., depression, fatigue, pain interference) and pre-to-post (overall) improvement in the other two symptoms.ResultsEarly reduction in depressive symptoms was associated with an overall reduction in pain interference and fatigue impact (p’s &lt; .01). Early reduction in fatigue impact was associated with an overall reduction in depressive symptom severity (p = .04) but not pain interference. Early reduction in pain interference was not associated with reductions in fatigue impact or depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the potential importance of reducing depressive symptoms to overall improvement in fatigue and pain interference in persons with MS.Clinical Trial RegistrationsNCT00944190.
How to Maximize Aesthetics in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wagner Ryan D , Hamilton Kristy L , Doval Andres F , Spiegel Aldona J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith continuous technical and functional advances in the field of breast reconstruction, there is now a greater focus on the artistry and aesthetic aspects of autologous reconstruction. Whereas once surgeons were most concerned with flap survival and vessel patency, they are now dedicated to reconstructing a similarly or even more aesthetically pleasing breast than before tumor resection. We discuss the approach to shaping the breast through the footprint, conus, and skin envelope. We then discuss how donor site aesthetics can be optimized through flap design, scar management, and umbilical positioning. Each patient has a different perception of their ideal breast appearance, and through conversation and counseling, realistic goals can be set to reach optimal aesthetic outcomes in breast reconstruction.
SugarPy facilitates the universal, discovery-driven analysis of intact glycopeptides
Authors: Schulze Stefan , Oltmanns Anne , Fufezan Christian , Krägenbring Julia , Mormann Michael , Pohlschröder Mechthild , Hippler Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Protein glycosylation is a complex post-translational modification with crucial cellular functions in all domains of life. Currently, large-scale glycoproteomics approaches rely on glycan database dependent algorithms and are thus unsuitable for discovery-driven analyses of glycoproteomes.

Results
Therefore, we devised SugarPy, a glycan database independent Python module, and validated it on the glycoproteome of human breast milk. We further demonstrated its applicability by analyzing glycoproteomes with uncommon glycans stemming from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the archaeon Haloferax volcanii. SugarPy also facilitated the novel characterization of glycoproteins from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Availability and implementation
The source code is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/SugarPy/SugarPy), and its implementation in Python ensures support for all operating systems.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Deep learning formulation of electrocardiographic imaging integrating image and signal information with data-driven regularization
Authors: Bacoyannis Tania , Ly Buntheng , Cedilnik Nicolas , Cochet Hubert , Sermesant Maxime 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a promising tool to map the electrical activity of the heart non-invasively using body surface potentials (BSP). However, it is still challenging due to the mathematically ill-posed nature of the inverse problem to solve. Novel approaches leveraging progress in artificial intelligence could alleviate these difficulties.

Methods and results
We propose a deep learning (DL) formulation of ECGI in order to learn the statistical relation between BSP and cardiac activation. The presented method is based on Conditional Variational AutoEncoders using deep generative neural networks. To quantify the accuracy of this method, we simulated activation maps and BSP data on six cardiac anatomies.
We evaluated our model by training it on five different cardiac anatomies (5000 activation maps) and by testing it on a new patient anatomy over 200 activation maps. Due to the probabilistic property of our method, we predicted 10 distinct activation maps for each BSP data. The proposed method is able to generate volumetric activation maps with a good accuracy on the simulated data: the mean absolute error is 9.40 ms with 2.16 ms standard deviation on this testing set.

Conclusion
The proposed formulation of ECGI enables to naturally include imaging information in the estimation of cardiac electrical activity from BSP. It naturally takes into account all the spatio-temporal correlations present in the data. We believe these features can help improve ECGI results.
Decoding capsule synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Su Tong , Nakamoto Rei , Chun Ye-Yu , Chua Wan-Zhen , Chen Jia-Hui , Zik Justin J , Sham Lok-To 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Streptococcus pneumoniae synthesizes &gt;100 types of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). While the diversity of the enzymes and transporters involved is enormous, it is not limitless. In this review, we summarized the recent progress on elucidating the structure–function relationships of CPSs, the mechanisms by which they are synthesized, how their synthesis is regulated, the host immune response against them and the development of novel pneumococcal vaccines. Based on the genetic and structural information available, we generated provisional models of the CPS repeating units that remain unsolved. In addition, to facilitate cross-species comparisons and assignment of glycosyltransferases, we illustrated the biosynthetic pathways of the known CPSs in a standardized format. Studying the intricate steps of pneumococcal CPS assembly promises to provide novel insights for drug and vaccine development as well as improve our understanding of related pathways in other species.
Development of Redwood Regeneration after Conifer Partial Harvest and Hardwood Management
Authors: Berrill John-Pascal , Webb Lynn A , DeYoung Kristy L , Dagley Christa M , Bodle Christopher G , Simpson Sean M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Harvesting of commercial conifer species from conifer-hardwood mixtures can leave residual stands dominated by hardwoods. Removing unwanted hardwoods by cutting or herbicide makes growing space available to residual trees and regeneration and can restore conifer dominance. Forest managers of north coastal California need guidance on how such treatments affect subsequent growth of planted redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don.] Endl.) or natural regeneration, as well as proliferation of undesirable species. Our observational study reconstructed growth of 108 regenerating redwoods in 26 treated stands. Residual stand density was the main driver of height and diameter growth in the new cohort of redwoods, irrespective of whether hardwoods were cut or received herbicide frill treatment (prevents resprouting). At lower residual stand densities, there were higher densities of natural regeneration (ingrowth) of conifers and hardwoods, which affected diameter at breast height (dbh) growth of regenerating redwoods. After heavier cutting of hardwoods, this ingrowth comprised a greater proportion of unwanted hardwood regeneration. Therefore, frill treatment is recommended when the objective of management is to reduce hardwood stocking and regeneration. Combining partial harvesting of conifers with cutting or frill treatment of hardwood is another option that reduces stand density to promote height and dbh growth of regenerating redwoods.
Genetic Parameters and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Regional Progeny Tests of Pinus taeda L. in the Southern USA
Authors: Lauer Edwin , Sims Andrew , McKeand Steven , Isik Fikret 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Genetic parameters were estimated using a five-series multienvironment trial of Pinus taeda L. in the southern USA. There were 324 half-sib families planted in five test series across 37 locations. A set of six variance/covariance matrices for the genotype-by-environment (G × E) effect for tree height and diameter were compared on the basis of model fit. In single-series analysis, extended factor analytical models provided generally superior model fit to simpler models for both traits; however, in the combined-series analysis, diameter was optimally modeled using simpler variance/covariance structures. A three-way compound term for modeling G × E interactions among and within series yielded substantial improvements in terms of model fit and standard errors of predictions. Heritability of family means ranged between 0.63 and 0.90 for both height and diameter. Average additive genetic correlations among sites were 0.70 and 0.61 for height and diameter, respectively, suggesting the presence of some G × E interaction. Pairs of sites with the lowest additive genetic correlations were located at opposite ends of the latitude range. Latent factor regression revealed a small number of parents with large factor scores that changed ranks significantly between southern and northern environments.
Exercise Effects on Falls, Fractures, Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Older Adults With Dementia: An Individual-Level Patient Data Meta-analysis
Authors: de Souto Barreto Philipe , Maltais Mathieu , Rosendahl Erik , Vellas Bruno , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle , Lamb Sarah E , Pitkala Kaisu , Rolland Yves 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
To study the effects of exercise on falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and death in people with dementia.

Method
We conducted an individual-level patient data meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We looked for studies from the reference list of previous systematic reviews and undertook an electronic search for articles published between 2013 and 2019 in Ageline, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SportsDiscus. Main (binary) outcome measures were the risk of mortality, hospitalization, faller, multiple faller, injurious faller, and fractures. Secondary (count) outcomes were the incident rates of hospitalizations, falls, and injurious falls.

Results
From the 1314 participants, 771 were allocated to the exercise group and 543 to the control group. The number of cases regarding the main outcome measures in exercisers and controls were, respectively: 45 (5.8%) and 31 (5.7%) deaths; 102 (14.4%) and 65 (13.4%) participants hospitalized; 221 (34.4%) and 175 (41.3%) had at least 1 fall; 128 (20.2%) and 92 (21.7%) had multiple falls; 78 (24.8%) and 92 (29.3%) had injurious falls; and 19 (2.9%) and 15 (3.5%) had suffered a fracture. Two-step meta-analysis found no effects of exercise on any outcome. One-step meta-analysis found exercise reduced the risk of falls (odds ratio 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57–0.99). Exploratory analysis showed exercise decreased the rate of incident falls in participants with the lowest functional ability (incident rate ratio 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30–0.79).

Conclusions
Although the 2-step meta-analysis suggests exercise does not have an effect on the outcomes, 1-step meta-analysis suggested that exercise may reduce fall risk. Data from further high-quality RCTs are still needed.
Localized effect of treated wastewater effluent on the resistome of an urban watershed
Authors: Thornton Christopher N , Tanner Windy D , VanDerslice James A , Brazelton William J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Wastewater treatment is an essential tool for maintaining water quality in urban environments. While the treatment of wastewater can remove most bacterial cells, some will inevitably survive treatment to be released into natural environments. Previous studies have investigated antibiotic resistance within wastewater treatment plants, but few studies have explored how a river’s complete set of antibiotic resistance genes (the “resistome") is affected by the release of treated effluent into surface waters.

Results
Here we used high-throughput, deep metagenomic sequencing to investigate the effect of treated wastewater effluent on the resistome of an urban river and the downstream distribution of effluent-associated antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. Treated effluent release was found to be associated with increased abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. The impact of wastewater discharge on the river’s resistome diminished with increasing distance from effluent discharge points. The resistome at river locations that were not immediately downstream from any wastewater discharge points was dominated by a single integron carrying genes associated with resistance to sulfonamides and quaternary ammonium compounds.

Conclusions
Our study documents variations in the resistome of an urban watershed from headwaters to a major confluence in an urban center. Greater abundances and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes are associated with human fecal contamination in river surface water, but the fecal contamination effect seems to be localized, with little measurable effect in downstream waters. The diverse composition of antibiotic resistance genes throughout the watershed suggests the influence of multiple environmental and biological factors.
Accurate assembly of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) genome using long-read and Hi-C data
Authors: Batra Sanjit Singh , Levy-Sakin Michal , Robinson Jacqueline , Guillory Joseph , Durinck Steffen , Vilgalys Tauras P , Kwok Pui-Yan , Cox Laura A , Seshagiri Somasekar , Song Yun S , Wall Jeffrey D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Baboons are a widely used nonhuman primate model for biomedical, evolutionary, and basic genetics research. Despite this importance, the genomic resources for baboons are limited. In particular, the current baboon reference genome Panu_3.0 is a highly fragmented, reference-guided (i.e., not fully de novo) assembly, and its poor quality inhibits our ability to conduct downstream genomic analyses.

Findings
Here we present a de novo genome assembly of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) that uses data from several recently developed single-molecule technologies. Our assembly, Panubis1.0, has an N50 contig size of ∼1.46 Mb (as opposed to 139 kb for Panu_3.0) and has single scaffolds that span each of the 20 autosomes and the X chromosome.

Conclusions
We highlight multiple lines of evidence (including Bionano Genomics data, pedigree linkage information, and linkage disequilibrium data) suggesting that there are several large assembly errors in Panu_3.0, which have been corrected in Panubis1.0.
Geological effects and tectonic environment of the 26 November 2019,Mw 6.4 Durres earthquake (Albania)
Authors: Vittori Eutizio , Blumetti Anna Maria , Comerci Valerio , Di Manna Pio , Piccardi Luigi , Gega Dashamir , Hoxha Ismail 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe Mw 6.4 26 November 2019, earthquake has been the strongest in the last decades in Albania, causing damages of intensity VIII to IX EMS in the epicentral region around Durres. The region north of Durres has experienced a maximum uplift of ca. 11 cm, based on SAR interferometry, which represents the main environmental effect induced by the earthquake. Other coseismic environmental effects were liquefaction mostly in the coastal area north and south of Durres, lateral spread in the Erzen river banks and possibly minor rock falls. As a whole, the observed effects are indicative of an intensity VIII to IX in the ESI scale. The rupture parameters that best fits the earthquake data (seismic moment, hypocentre depth, GPS data, deformation field from SAR interferometry), based on Coulomb modelling, show a reverse slip of 0.6 m on a NW–SE trending plane dipping 25° northeast, 20 km long and ca. 12 km wide, from 19.5 to ca. 15 km deep. The surface projection of the upper tip of the rupture is on the coast north of Durres. The inferred Coulomb stress change does not impose any significant load on the surrounding major faults, that is Kruja thrust, Lezha transfer fault, and the offshore thrust fault responsible for the 1979 Mw 7.1 Montenegro earthquake. The historical earthquakes and the regional tectonic setting, dominated by plate collision and important transfer fault zones suggest that the last earthquake might not be representative of the actual maximum seismic and surface faulting hazards in northwestern Albania, a region of fast industrial and touristic growth. This calls for detailed active tectonics studies with a palaeoseismological perspective in the region surrounding the epicentral area, where the two main towns in Albania lie.