bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Rate of Neutron Star Binary Mergers from Globular Clusters
Authors: Ye Claire S. , Fong Wen-fai , Kremer Kyle , Rodriguez Carl L. , Chatterjee Sourav , Fragione Giacomo , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The first detection of gravitational waves from a neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) merger, GW170817, and the increasing number of observations of short gamma-ray bursts have greatly motivated studies of the origins of NS–NS and neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) binaries. We calculate the merger rates of NS–NS and NS–BH binaries from globular clusters (GCs) using realistic GC simulations with the CMC Cluster Catalog. We use a large sample of models with a range of initial numbers of stars, metallicities, virial radii, and galactocentric distances, representative of the present-day Milky Way GCs, to quantify the inspiral times and volumetric merger rates as a function of redshift, both inside and ejected from clusters. We find that over the complete lifetime of most GCs, stellar BHs dominate the cluster cores and prevent the mass segregation of NSs, thereby reducing the dynamical interaction rates of NSs so that at most a few NS binary mergers are ever produced. We estimate the merger rate in the local universe to be ∼0.02 Gpc−3 yr−1 for both NS–NS and NS–BH binaries, or a total of ∼0.04 Gpc−3 yr−1 for both populations. These rates are about 5 orders of magnitude below the current empirical merger rate from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo. We conclude that dynamical interactions in GCs do not play a significant role in enhancing the NS–NS and NS–BH merger rates.
Analysis of primary outpatient data for off-label use of medicines in neurology
Authors: Drenska Maria , Elitova Savina , Grigorova Velina , Naseva Emilia , Getov Ilko 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The off-label use of medicines is a common practice that covers a wide range of therapeutic areas in both, adults and children. So far, the extent of off-label use among neurology patients in Bulgaria has not been studied. The aim of this study is to provide data on the off-label use in neurology patients in Bulgaria and to contribute to planning actions by the European Commission and EMA to provide a harmonized guideline and to regulate the off-label use of medicines within the European Union.
Materials and methods: The data on prescriptions of 360 neurology outpatients, treated in a 1 – year period, were recorded and provided for analyses. The Summaries of Product Characteristics, were used as reference documents for assessment of prescriptions.
Results: The results from this study show that most neurology patients (63%) were exposed to off-label use. Most of the medicines prescribed off-label (90%), were used for a therapeutic indication, other than the one listed in the authorized product information. Meloxicam is found to be the most commonly prescribed off-label medicine. Other medicines, like trasadone, pentoxyfylline and fupentixol / melitracen were prescribed less frequently, but deserve special attention, as they were found to be used off-label to a very large extent, some of them in 100% of prescriptions. Half of the top 10 medications, most commonly used off-label in neurology, were found to be non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Conclusion: The results reveal a big gap between the authorized medicines and the real medical needs. Further studies based on a larger number of medical centers are needed to establish more accurate data on off-label prescribing in neurology patients on a national level.
Detailed analytical studies of 1,2,4-triazole derivatized quinoline
Authors: Somagond Shilpa Mallappa , Wari Manjunath Ningappa , Shaikh Saba Kauser Jaweed , Inamdar Sanjeev Ramchandra , Shankar Madan Kumar , Prasad Dasappa Jagadeesh , Kamble Ravindra Ramappa 
Published: December 2019

The present study describes, the X-ray single crystal analysis of 4-((2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one (TMQ). The crystal data for C19H15ClN4O2: monoclinic, space group P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3314(15) Å, b = 12.459(3) Å, c = 18.948(4) Å, β = 98.322(9)°, V = 1712.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, T = 296.15 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.245 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.423 g/cm3, 5082 reflections measured (3.926° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 38.556°), 1428 unique (Rint = 0.0545, Rsigma = 0.0574) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0423 (I >2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1145 (all data). The Density functional theory optimized molecular geometries in TMQ agree closely with those obtained from crystallographic studies. The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy levels and energy gap were calculated by experimental (UV absorption & Cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical studies in two different solvents. The natural bond orbital analysis was performed to understand the molecular interaction on the basis of stability of molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization. Hirshfeld surface and their related fingerprint plots enabled the identification of significant intermolecular interaction. The molecular electrostatic potential analysis provides the visual image of the chemically active sites and comparable reaction of atoms.
Vibrational spectroscopic and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N,N'-(azanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(2-chloropropanamide)
Authors: Polat Aysegul Suzan , Gumus Ilkay , Arslan Hakan 
Published: December 2019

The title molecule, N,N'-(azanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(2-chloropropanamide) (LNNN) was synthesized and characterized by means of Hirshfeld surface analysis and vibrational (FT-IR and RAMAN) studies. Ab-initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT; BLYP, B3LYP, B3PW91 and mPW1PW91) calculations were accomplished using 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The comparison of calculated bond lengths and angles with X-ray crystal structure shows sufficient agreement. The solid phase FT-IR and FT-RAMAN spectra of LNNN have been recorded in the regions 4000-525 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1, respectively. A comparative analysis between the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies was carried out and significant bands were assigned. The results indicated a good correlation between experimental and theoretical IR and RAMAN frequencies. A detailed analysis of the intermolecular interactions via Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots revealed that supramolecular structure of the LNNN is stabilized mainly by the formation of H···H, C···H, Cl···H ve O···H intermolecular interactions.
Acacia dudgeoni Craib. ex Holl (Mimosaceae): Potential Inhibitor of Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing in P. aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Ouedraogo Vincent , Karama Issa , Rouamba Ablassé , Compaoré Moussa , Kiendrebeogo Martin 
Published: December 2019

Aims: The study aims to assess the ability of Acacia dudgeoni bark to antagonize quorum sensing system, expression of virulence factor and biofilm formation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), University Joseph KI-ZERBO between December 2018 to April 2019.
Methodology: Methanol extract from A. dudgeoni stem bark, was used for the investigations. The reporters strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were used to measure the impact of extract on quorum sensing controlled violacein and pyocyanin production. P. aeruginosa PAO1 was used to measure the impact on biofilm formation.
Results: At different concentrations (50-400 µg/mL) A. dudgeoni methanol extract quenched the quorum sensing mechanism. Significant inhibition of virulence factor, pyocyanin was recorded (66% of inhibition at 400 µg/mL) without affect negatively the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The formation of biofilm was also affected with a reduction up to 59% at the concentration of 400 µg/mL.
Conclusion: The anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm properties of this medicinal plant could serve as a source in the developpement of new effective anti- quorum sensing drugs.
Integrated Approach to Reserve Estimation and Reservoir Simulation of ENI Offshore Field, in Niger Delta Nigeria
Authors: Ayorinde J. O. , Osinowo O. O. , Nwankwo P. 
Published: December 2019

Two producing reservoirs (H10 and E40) in Eni field Offshore Niger Delta were studied with intent to enhance their rate of recovery while mitigating water production. The material Balance software MBAL was used to estimate the Stock tank oil reserves and then compared to reserve estimates determined by both deterministic and stochastic techniques for improved validation. The MBAL model was also used to identify positions of fluid contacts and determine predominant drive mechanisms. These serve as guide in making informed decisions towards if and how best to economically produce remaining unproduced oil in place. Input parameters were average values derived from core and well logs analyses.
History matching of historical data enabled forecasts of possible future production life and volume at multiple scenarios.
Final outcomes show that after sixteen and forty five years of continuous production from the reservoirs studied (H10 and E40, respectively), remaining unproduced oil in place are still significant and can be economically produced by infill wells, which will in return increase the average production by nothing less than 33% of remaining oil in place, a substantial value bearing in mind the growing demand for oil, gas and other energy sources to lessen the apparently unquenchable world energy needs.
Role of Farm Women in Sustainable Livelihood Pattern in Context of Information Needs
Authors: Divakar Shashikant , Panda Chandan Kumar , Paswan Anil 
Published: December 2019

This study is to analyze information sources and information needs of women farmers of Banka and Bhagalpur district of Bihar. The research was undertaken for assessment of information needed for young farm women of age group of 18-35 years with respect to kharif paddy cultivation. Useful Information is the pivotal for successful kharif paddy cultivation. In the study area young farm women contribute immensely in kharif paddy cultivation. Information helps in creating awareness about technologies and mobilize people to use them. It also helps in training people, organizing community and ultimately resulting in the development of the whole nation. Result of the study illustrated that farm women need more information about selling of product, pest control, nursery raising and disease management. The study also revealed that the most preferred source of information was personal localite i.e. Husband, Friend, Relatives and Neighbors and agri-input dealers.
Bio-guided Fractionation of the Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Trema orientalis Blume (Cannabaceae), a Presumed Antihypertensive Plant from Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Justin Clair Bonazaba Milandou Longin , Célestine Nkounkou Loumpangou , Hélène Carreyre , Jocelyn Bescond , Clarisse Vandebrouck , Wilfrid Etou Ossibi Arnaud , Jean-Marie Moutsambote , Jean-Maurille Ouamba , Sébastien Thibaudeau , Antoine Abena Ange 
Published: December 2019

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is currently a real public health problem. This disease affects about one billion people worldwide and is responsible for more than 70% of cardiovascular related deaths. Recently, the World Health Organization reported that of the hypertensive cases detected in Congo, only 7% were controlled. Today, there is no lifetime treatment and existing drugs are less accessible by the African population. To treat the disease, the Congolese population uses more the medicinal plants. However, the majority of compounds responsible for the biological activity of these plants are not known. In order to bring out Congolese plants with antihypertensive properties, we focus our interest on Trema orientalis Blume (Canabaceae).
An ethanolic extract of the leaves of Trema orientalis was prepared after successive depletion of the organic solvents. Thereafter, a bio-guided fractionation on silica gel of the ethanol extract was carried out. Fractionation monitoring was done by TLC and the results of vasodilating activity measured. The fractions exhibiting the best biological activity allowed a second fractionation process to obtain five fractions which are characteristic of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, and which exhibited good vasodilating activity on the isolated aorta of rats. Our future work will focus on the identification of these biologically active compounds.
Simulation of Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring Activities in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: E. Ezeokoro C. , Momoh Y. , Leton T. 
Published: December 2019

There is no Black Carbon emission inventory for Nigeria and no standard Emission factor with which to measure the volume of emissions. This study aims at providing baseline emission inventory for the volume of Black Carbon released into the environment from gas flaring activities in the National Data Repository (NDR) between 1965 to 2016 (52 years) using Nigeria's associated petroleum gas-related emission factors; modelling of the estimated Black Carbon emissions using logistic growth model. The volume of gas produced and flared within this period was sourced from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) annual bulletins and other literature. The work shows that: for the period under review, 1.8 trillion cubic meters of gas was produced and 0.91 trillion cubic meters was flared, only 11% of gas produced was flared in 2016. Estimated cumulative Black Carbon emission shows that Black Carbon emission from gas flare is decreasing as the volume of gas flared is decreasing. The model shows that 487050 tons, 1116157 tons; 19438 tons, 44544 tons and 0.10 are the respective carrying capacities, initial Black Carbon volumes and growth rate for the upper and lower Black Carbon emissions. Re-injection and Utilization of flared gas for cooking purposes and placing a heavy penalty on gas flaring activities are among solutions given to reduce gas flaring.
Optimal disturbance growth in shear‐imposed falling film
Authors: Samanta Arghya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA linear stability analysis of a three‐dimensional shear‐imposed fluid flowing down an inclined plane is studied based on the evolution equations for normal velocity and normal vorticity components. Both modal and nonmodal stability analyses are carried out. The modal stability analysis demonstrates that shear‐imposed flow is more unstable to solo streamwise perturbation. On the contrary, the nonmodal stability analysis demonstrates that shear‐imposed flow is more unstable to solo spanwise perturbation. There is evidence of existing transient energy growth in the wavenumber space that intensifies in the presence of imposed shear stress. Further, the boundary for the zone of transient growth appears far ahead of the boundary for the zone of exponential growth. This fact indicates that the onset of instability for the shear mode may occur before than that predicted from the eigenvalue analysis. A new critical surface parameter involving imposed shear stress is determined, which in fact reveals the existence criterion of instability for the surface mode. Moreover, we have found three different regimes of surface mode instability, shear mode instability, and transient growth phenomenon in the wavenumber space. The unstable region for the surface mode reduces while the unstable region for the shear mode enhances in the wavenumber space with the increasing value of surface parameter, or equivalently, with the increasing value of imposed shear stress. Finally, the unstable region for the surface mode disappears from the wavenumber space as soon as the surface parameter exceeds its critical value; instead, the wavenumber space is occupied by the regime of transient energy growth. In addition, the incident of pseudoresonance takes place on the response curve to external harmonic forcing.
Characterization of Seed, Oil, and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of an Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutant of Camelina sativa with Reduced Seed‐Coat Mucilage
Authors: Lohaus Richard H. , Zager Jordan J. , Kosma Dylan K. , Cushman John C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCamelina sativa L. Crantz (large‐seeded false flax) is a promising oilseed crop for the production of edible oil and biodiesel. An ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant of C. sativa was identified that lacked seed coat mucilage (SCM) using Ruthenium Red (RR) colorimetric staining. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the mucilage‐defect mutant line (Cs98) had smaller seeds and seeds with significantly less SCM, but exhibited significantly taller plant height. The seed mass and oil content of the seeds of Cs98 were significantly lower than those of WT plants. However, the seeds of Cs98 had significantly higher crude protein and starch contents, but a significantly lower neutral detergent‐soluble fiber (NDSF) fraction (pectin) content. Although Cs98 seed contained significantly higher mineral contents for various macro‐ and microminerals (e.g., Mg, S, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn), these large differences did not prevent the Cs98 seed biodiesel from passing all American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for macro‐ and micromineral content and viscosity, pH, and turbidity. Notably, the oil and biodiesel derived from Cs98 had significantly reduced viscosity compared with WT. Water washes of oil derived from WT and Cs98 seed confirmed that the Cs98 contained only 57% of the mucilage content of the WT oil washes. These significantly lower pectic residues are expected to improve the flow characteristics of the resultant oil and require less washing during biodiesel production.
Mechanochromic Luminescence from Crystals Consisting of Intermolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Sheets
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction of functional groups that can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds into highly‐emissive luminophores is a promising way to induce mechanochromic luminescence. Herein, we report that a 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene derivative featuring two amide groups forms green‐emissive crystals based on two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded molecular sheets. Mechanical grinding changed the emission from green to yellow, owing to a transition from a crystalline to an amorphous phase. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that mechanical stimuli disrupted the linear hydrogen‐bonding formation. A thermal treatment recovered the original green photoluminescence.
LDOC1 is differentially expressed in thyroid cancer and display tumor‐suppressive function in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Shuiying , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Qingzhu , Li Zhizhen , Ma Xiaojun , Wu Lina , Li Wen , Du Mengmeng , Ji Hongfei , Qin Guijun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) has been proposed as a regulator of transcription and cell signaling. We have previously demonstrated that LDOC1 is differentially expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), this study was designed to characterize LDOC1 expression in thyroid follicle originated cancer tissues and to specifically evaluate its function in thyroid carcinogenesis. LDOC1 expression was performed in human normal thyroid and thyroid cancer. LDOC1 function was characterized, in two PTC cell lines (TPC1 and BCPAP), through the analysis of in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion along with in vivo tumor xenograft growth. Transduced BCPAP cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α, and the levels of nuclear P65, Bax, Bcl‐2, c‐Myc, and XIAP were assessed. A luciferase reporter assay was used to measure nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity, and the functional connection between LDOC1 effect and NF‐κB activity was determined using a specific NF‐κB inhibitor. Our results revealed that LDOC1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in human thyroid cancer, and was significantly downregulated in PTC compared with normal thyroid. LDOC1 overexpression in TPC1 resulted in a significant suppression of the malignant phenotype, whereas LDOC1 ablation in BCPAP promoted this phenotype. Additional studies demonstrated that LDOC1 ablation facilitated nuclear P65 expression and NF‐κB activity. NF‐κB inhibition reversed the effects of LDOC1 ablation on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Our findings confirmed that LDOC1 is a novel therapeutic target in PTC and provides new insight into the role of LDOC1 in PTC progression, through NF‐κΒ signaling suppression.
Porosity‐Engineering of MXene as a Support Material for a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Le Thi Anh , Tran Ngoc Quang , Hong Yeseul , Kim Meeree , Lee Hyoyoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of 2 D transition metal carbide MXenes as support materials to incorporate catalytically active compounds is of interest because of their unique properties. However, the preparation of well‐dispersed catalytic phases on the inter‐connected porous MXene network is challenging and has been rarely explored. This work focuses on the synthesis of basal‐plane‐porous titanium carbide MXene (ac‐Ti3C2) that is used subsequently as an effective host for the incorporation of a known catalytically active phase (IrCo) as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst toward water splitting. The porous ac‐Ti3C2 with abundant macro/meso/micropores is prepared by a wet chemical method at room temperature and provides ideal anchor sites for intimate chemical bonding with alien compounds. The resulting IrCo@ac‐Ti3C2 electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent reactivity (220 mV at 10 mA cm−2) towards the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 m KOH, which surpasses that of the benchmark RuO2, a low voltage cell of 1.57 V (@ 10 mA cm−2) and good long‐term durability. Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of porosity engineering in MXene nanosheets as a support material to shorten ion migration pathways, to increase electrolyte accessibility between inter‐sheets and to overcome inherited re‐stacking and aggregation issues.
Secure virtual machine allocation against attacks using support value based game policy
Authors: Naik Banavath Balaji , Singh Dhananjay , Samaddar Arun Barun 
Published: December 2019

SummaryCloud computing, as a supreme computing stage, presents new security challenges. At the point when virtual machines (VMs) are sent in a cloud domain, VM placement strategies can essentially influence the general security dangers of the whole cloud. As of late, the attacks are explicitly intended to co‐locate with target VMs in the cloud. The VM placement without considering the security risks may put the clients, or even the whole cloud, in threat. Therefore, here we prompt an exhaustive approach to appraise the cloud environment security risk from network, host, and VM. In like manner, secure VM allocation against co‐resident attacks using support value based game policy is proposed that lessens the general security dangers of a cloud, while decides the multi‐objective measures such as efficiency, coverage, and the maximum link utilization. Then, the support value is calculated for the given multi‐objective values. At last, the game theory is used to allocate the best VM. The experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms than the existing methods in regards of efficiency, coverage maximum link utilization, execution time, throughput, latency, workload balance, power consumption, and standard deviation.