bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning with lidocaine and xylazine in experimental equine jejunal ischaemia
Authors: Verhaar Nicole , Pfarrer Christiane , Neudeck Stephan , König Kathrin , Rohn Karl , Twele Lara , Kästner Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharmacological preconditioning of dexmedetomidine on small intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury has been reported in different animal models including horses.ObjectivesThe objective was to assess if xylazine and lidocaine have a preconditioning effect in an experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia.Study designTerminal in vivo experiment.MethodsTen horses under general anaesthesia were either preconditioned with xylazine (group X; n = 5) or lidocaine (group L; n = 5). A historical untreated control group (group C; n = 5) was used for comparison. An established experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia was applied, and intestinal samples were taken pre‐ischaemia, after ischaemia and following reperfusion. Histomorphological examination was performed based on a modified Chiu score. Immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase‐3, TUNEL and calprotectin was performed, and positive cell counts were expressed in cells/mm2.ResultsThere was no progression of histomorphological mucosal injury from ischaemia to reperfusion, and there were no differences in histomorphology between the groups. After ischaemia, group X had significantly less caspase‐positive cells compared to the control group with a median difference of 227% (P = .01). After reperfusion, group X exhibited significantly lower calprotectin‐positive cell counts compared to the control group, with a median difference of 6.8 cells/mm2 in the mucosa and 44 cells in the serosa (P = .02 and .05 respectively). All groups showed an increase in caspase‐ and calprotectin‐positive cells during reperfusion (P < .05). TUNEL‐positive cells increased during ischaemia, followed by a decrease after reperfusion (P < .05).Main limitationsThe small sample size and the use of a historical control group. Preconditioning effects of the tested drugs may be masked by the protective effects of isoflurane in the anaesthetic protocol.ConclusionsPreconditioning with lidocaine did not have any effect on the tested variables. The lower cell counts of caspase‐ and calprotectin‐positive cells in group X may indicate a beneficial effect of xylazine on ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Due to the absence of a concurrent reduction of histomorphological injury, the clinical significance remains uncertain.
Asymmetries of horses walking and trotting on treadmill with and without rider
Authors: Byström Anna , Clayton Hilary M. , Hernlund Elin , Roepstorff Lars , Rhodin Marie , Bragança Filipe S. , Engell Maria T. , van Weeren René , Weishaupt Michael A. , Egenvall Agneta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐right movement symmetry is a highly desirable characteristic in sport horses.ObjectivesThis study compared movement symmetry in well‐trained dressage horses in unridden and unrestrained position and ridden in a dressage frame, and investigated possible associations between gaits.Study designExperimental study.MethodsSeven sound, high‐level dressage horses were measured at walk and sitting trot on a treadmill at several speeds under two conditions: with and without rider. Left‐right differences in stance duration, stance protraction and retraction based on longitudinal hoof positions, ipsilateral limb tracking, minimum and maximum vertical positions of the dorsal spinous processes of the sixth thoracic (T6), third sacral vertebrae (S3) and wing of atlas, and vertical ground reaction forces were calculated and analysed in mixed models.ResultsAt walk, five body variables indicated increased asymmetry in the ridden condition compared with unridden condition: forelimb stance duration (unridden/ridden left‐right differences 9 vs 13 ms;P = .008), forelimb stance protraction (P = .004), stance retraction (P = .001) and first force peak (P = .003), and hindlimb stance retraction (P = .01). At trot, six body variables were more asymmetrical in the ridden condition: forelimb stance duration (2.5 vs 3.8 ms,P = .004); hindlimb stance protraction (P < .0001) and retraction (P = .01), T6 minimum (4 vs 6 mm,P = .001), T6 maximum (9 vs 11 mm,P = .01) and S3 maximum (6 vs 12 mm,P < .001). Five variables had significant associations between asymmetries at walk and trot, but only three demonstrated a positive slope.Main limitationsA limited number of horses and riders were studied. Measurements were performed on a treadmill.ConclusionsHigh‐level horses moved slightly more asymmetrically when ridden in a dressage frame than in the unridden condition.
A multilevel paradigm for deep convolutional neural network features selection with an application to human gait recognition
Authors: Arshad Habiba , Khan Muhammad Attique , Sharif Muhammad Irfan , Yasmin Mussarat , Tavares João Manuel R. S. , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Satapathy Suresh Chandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman gait recognition (HGR) shows high importance in the area of video surveillance due to remote access and security threats. HGR is a technique commonly used for the identification of human style in daily life. However, many typical situations like change of clothes condition and variation in view angles degrade the system performance. Lately, different machine learning (ML) techniques have been introduced for video surveillance which gives promising results among which deep learning (DL) shows best performance in complex scenarios. In this article, an integrated framework is proposed for HGR using deep neural network and fuzzy entropy controlled skewness (FEcS) approach. The proposed technique works in two phases: In the first phase, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) features are extracted by pre‐trained CNN models (VGG19 and AlexNet) and their information is mixed by parallel fusion approach. In the second phase, entropy and skewness vectors are calculated from fused feature vector (FV) to select best subsets of features by suggested FEcS approach. The best subsets of picked features are finally fed to multiple classifiers and finest one is chosen on the basis of accuracy value. The experiments were carried out on four well‐known datasets, namely, AVAMVG gait, CASIA A, B and C. The achieved accuracy of each dataset was 99.8, 99.7, 93.3 and 92.2%, respectively. Therefore, the obtained overall recognition results lead to conclude that the proposed system is very promising.
Malignant melanoma of the breast: controversies in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a rare nosologic entity
Authors: Mastoraki Aikaterini , Schizas Dimitrios , Giannakodimos Ilias , Rebakos Athanasios , Margaris Ioannis , Katsaros Ioannis , Vagios Ilias , Vassiliu Pantelis , Pikoulis Emmanouil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMelanoma of the breast is an infrequent entity, presenting as either primary or metastatic from extramammary solid neoplasms. Depending on the involvement of the skin, primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) can be classified as cutaneous or noncutaneous. Cutaneous PMMB accounts for <5% of all melanomas and only 0.5% of all breast cancers. Furthermore, despite the rarity of metastatic breast neoplasms, melanoma comprises a frequent source of metastases. Metastatic potential of melanoma is associated with poor prognosis, and the majority of patients present more than one metastatic foci at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic approach for both primary and metastatic melanomas of the breast is substantiated by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology along with immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, verification of a metastatic mammary melanoma requires the discovery of a primary lesion. The mainstay of treatment for primary tumors is surgery, with radical local excision and axillary lymph node dissection or, on occasion, axillary sentinel node resection, while for metastatic tumors it depends on the specificities of the melanoma. Adjuvant therapy is always implemented. The aim of this survey is to meticulously review the literature of primary and metastatic malignant melanomas of the breast and report epidemiologic and clinicopathologic data for this rare entity. Clinical features, histogenesis, morphological, and immunochemical findings are discussed, while the role of current diagnostic and therapeutic management of this uncommon entity is emphasized.
Improving the nutritional and phytochemical compounds of a plant‐based milk of sapucaia nut cake using block freeze concentration
Authors: Demoliner Fernanda , de Carvalho Letícia Turcatto , de Liz Gabriela Rodrigues , Prudêncio Elane Schwinden , Ramos Juliano Carvalho , Bascuñan Vera Lúcia Azzolin Frescura , Vitali Luciano , Block Jane Mara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe nutrient profile and the phytochemical composition of the sapucaia nut cake milk (SNCM) were evaluated after applying five consecutive stages of block freeze concentration (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5). The profile of phenolic compounds by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of SNCM were also determined. The freeze concentration increased proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, soluble solids (°Brix) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) in all stages and in the ice fractions obtained from C1, C2 and C3 stages. The antioxidant activity (ABTS) in C3, C4 and C5 fractions was highly significant (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity (FRAP) and the phenolic compounds (gallic, vanillic, ferulic, sinapic and salicylic acids, catechin, taxifolin and sinapaldehyde) increased significantly (P < 0.05) for all five fractions. The freeze concentration was successfully used for enriching the SNCM, generating a promising ingredient for the food industry.
Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood
Authors: Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Sheng Yaou , Schechter Julia C. , Do Elizabeth , Zucker Nancy , Majors Alesha , Maguire Rachel , Murphy Susan K. , Hoyo Cathrine , Kollins Scott H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been linked with eating behaviors and obesity adolescence and young adulthood. Yet, little is known about whether these associations occur during early childhood and few studies have examined these associations prospectively.ObjectivesTo assess magnitude and direction of associations between childhood ADHD symptoms and eating behaviors.MethodsParticipants were from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (N = 470, M age = 4 years). Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine cross‐sectional associations between ADHD symptoms and eating behaviors. Latent Change Score (LCS) modeling was performed to examine prospective association among a subset of children with available follow‐up data. (N = 100, M age = 7 years).ResultsThe cross‐sectional results showed that attention problem (AP) and hyperactivity (HY) were positively associated with food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, and slowness in eating. AP, but not HY, was inversely associated with enjoyment of food. Results of the LCS models revealed AP and HY were both positively associated with prospective changes in emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness. AP was further positively associated with prospective changes in food responsiveness. The reverse relationship predicting changes in ADHD symptoms from earlier assessments of eating behaviors was not significant.ConclusionResults suggest a link between ADHD symptoms and obesity‐related eating behaviors in early childhood, highlighting the need to address self‐regulation and healthy eating behaviors in the prevention of childhood obesity.
Strategic short selling around index additions: Evidence from the Nikkei 225
Authors: Shiomi Naoya , Takahashi Hidetomo , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFocusing on index additions, which provoke buying pressure by large investors, we analyze the trading activities of short sellers around these events. Using daily short‐selling data from Japan, we find that short sellers exploit profitable opportunities through their liquidity provision activities. Short sellers earn profits by selling short right before the effective date of index additions and buying back after the effective date. The results suggest that short sellers exploit profitable opportunities due to anticipated buying pressure.
Real‐time surveillance systems: Applicability for the control of influenza in acute care
Authors: Quirós‐González Víctor , Rodríguez‐Pérez Paz , Haro‐Pérez Ana Mª , Jiménez‐Rodríguez Mª Mar , Maderuelo‐Fernández José Ángel , Eiros José Mª 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe high morbidity and mortality caused by influenza viruses translate into a great impact on specialized health care. Apart from the annual vaccination, the relevance of other measures to prevent and control this infection is unknown. The objective of our research was to determine the importance of a real‐time surveillance system to establish early extended transmission precautions.MethodsQuasi‐experimental before‐and‐after study comparing the influenza cases detected in hospitalized adults during the 2016/2017 season (264 patients) with those detected after the implementation of a real‐time surveillance system in the 2017/2018 season (519 patients). The improvements included early microbiological diagnosis, immediate communication of results, constant updating of patient information, coordination among professionals, periodic surveillance of the adequacy of preventive measures, and greater control of roommates. The effectiveness of the intervention was determined from the nosocomial infection rate in each season.ResultsAfter the real‐time surveillance system for influenza was implemented, patients with early microbiological diagnosis and immediate isolation increased significantly (13.7% vs 68.2%; P < .001). In addition, nosocomial infections decreased from 17% to 9.2% (P = .001) and overall hospital stay was significantly reduced. Assuming that the entire effect was due to the intervention, the absolute risk reduction was 7.8% and number needed to treat was 12.8.ConclusionThe results in our study reveal the impact of nosocomial transmission of influenza virus in a tertiary hospital and highlight the need to supplement traditional strategies with novel methodologies such as modern surveillance systems based on early diagnosis, close case monitoring, and coordination among professionals.
Human amniotic membrane allograft, a novel treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Su Ya‐Na , Zhao Ding‐Yun , Li Yong‐Hong , Yu Tian‐Qi , Sun Huan , Wu Xin‐Yu , Zhou Xiao‐Qin , Li Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of human amniotic membrane (HAM) allograft in treating chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a comprehensive search of randomised controlled trials in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science was conducted to December 7, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of studies. The primary outcome was the proportion of complete healing. The secondary outcomes were mean time to complete healing and adverse events. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3. We identified 257 articles, of which 7 articles (465 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. The proportion of complete wound healing in HAM plus standard of care (SOC) group was 3.88 times as high as that in SOC alone (RR: 3.88 [95% CI: 2.34, 6.44]) at 6 weeks, and 2.01 times at 12 weeks (RR: 2.01 [95%CI: 1.45, 2.77]). The intervention group had a significantly shorter time to complete healing (MD: −30.33 days, [95% CI: −37.95, −22.72]). The number needed to treat within 6 weeks was 2.3 ([95% CI: 1.8, 3.1]). No significant difference was shown in adverse events. Results were consistent in a sensitivity analysis. Hence, HAM plus SOC is effective and safe in treating chronic DFUs.
Thermally stable energy storage properties in relaxor BNT‐6BT‐modified antiferroelectric PNZST ceramics
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Rui‐Xue , Zhang Shan‐Tao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectric 0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3‐modified antiferroelectric Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.94Ti0.06]0.98O3 ceramics, (1−x)PNZST‐x(BNT‐6BT), were prepared to acquire high energy storage and thermal stability properties. X‐ray diffraction and element mapping revealed that a solid solution between PNZST and BNT‐6BT occurs, and Ti cations enter the PNZST lattice, partly extruding Sn cations and leading to the formation of isolated SnO2 particles at the grain boundaries and a 0‐3 type composite structure. Such a composite structure helps to create deviatoric stress in the solid solution component. The BNT‐6BT content significantly influences the energy storage capacity, and the x = 0.2 composition renders optimal performance. The room‐temperature‐recoverable energy density and energy efficiency are 2.23 J/cm3 and 78%, respectively, at 260 kV/cm. Both parameters vary less than 6% within a temperature range of 25°C and 125°C. The improved energy storage and temperature stability indicate that the ceramics can potentially be applied in pulse power capacitors and that this relaxor‐modified antiferroelectric ceramic preparation method is a valuable reference for further optimizing the functional properties.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC00467 drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inhibiting NR4A3
Authors: Wang Haihao , Guo Qiannan , Nampoukime Kan‐Paatib Barnabo , Yang Peiwen , Ma Ke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a main cause of cancer‐related deaths globally. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cancers. Our previous microarray‐based lncRNA profiling showed that LINC00467 was highly expressed in HCC. Here, we further explored the expression, role and functional mechanism of lncRNA LINC00467 in HCC. Our findings revealed that LINC00467 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Increased expression of LINC00467 was positively associated with tumour size and vascular invasion. In vitro functional experiments revealed that LINC00467 accelerated HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration and reduced HCC cell apoptosis. In vivo functional assays revealed that LINC00467 drove HCC xenograft growth and HCC cell proliferation and repressed HCC cell apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, LINC00467 inhibited NR4A3 post‐transcriptionally via interacting with NR4A3 mRNA to form double‐stranded RNA, which was further degraded by Dicer. The expression of NR4A3 was inversely associated with LINC00467 in HCC tissues. Functional rescue assays found that restore of NR4A3 expression blocked the oncogenic roles of LINC00467 in HCC. Taken together, our results demonstrated that lncRNA LINC00467 was a novel highly expressed and oncogenic lncRNA in HCC via inhibiting NR4A3. Targeting LINC00467 or enhancing NR4A3 may be potential therapeutic strategies against HCC.
Clinical characteristics of lip infantile haemangiomas and main risk factors for ulceration: an 8‐year retrospective study of 69 Chinese infants
Authors: Yu L. , Li L.L. , Yan P. , Deng L. , Gan X.L. , Yao X.J. , Zhu Z.H. , Zhang T.D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfantile haemangiomas (IHs) involving the lip are of special concern because of the susceptibility of complications, including ulceration, obstruction and disfigurement. The available data for the relationship between their clinical characteristics and ulcerations are limited.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics of lip IHs and to evaluate the main risk factors for ulceration.MethodsA retrospective study was designed that included infants with lip IHs during an 8‐year period, the clinical data of participants were collected, and univariable and multivariable logistic models were used to determine the relationships between the clinical characteristics of lip IHs and ulcerations. Location, size and type were investigated as potential independent factors influencing the development of ulceration.ResultsA total of 69 lip IHs were identified including 40 girls and 29 boys. Ulcerations were found in 37 (53.6%) lip IHs. Lip haemangiomas experiencing ulceration had a mean size (SD) of 3.49 (2.82) cm2 compared with 1.08 (0.96) cm2 for those without ulceration. Twenty‐eight (52.8%) of the 53 localized haemangiomas and 9 (56.3%) of the 16 segmental haemangiomas experienced ulcerations. Univariable analyses of all investigated factors revealed significant associations of location and size with increased risk of ulceration, and these significant associations remained after adjusting for sex and age [OR 8.61 (95% CI, 2.24–33.13) and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.46–4.72), respectively]. The duration before ulceration was between 4 and 70 days after the occurrence of lip IHs, with a median of 28 (19.41) days. Most ulcers occurred within 45 days of IH occurrence.ConclusionsUlceration is a common complication of lip IHs at an earlier stage. A swollen with pale or bright crimson appearance of the lip IH surface could be an important signal of subsequent ulceration. Location of the IH on the lower lip and lip IH size are risk factors for the occurrence of ulceration.
Ready for shared decision making: Pretesting a training module for health professionals on sharing decisions with their patients
Authors: Kienlin Simone , Nytrøen Kari , Stacey Dawn , Kasper Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhile shared decision‐making (SDM) training programmes for health professionals have been developed in several countries, few have been evaluated. In Norway, a comprehensive curriculum, “klar for samvalg” (ready for SDM), for interprofessional health‐care teams was created using generic didactic methods and guidance to tailor training to various contexts. The programmes adapted didactic methods from an evidence‐based German training programmes (doktormitSDM). The overall aim was to evaluate two particular SDM modules on facilitating SDM implementation into clinical practice.MethodA descriptive mixed methods study using questionnaires and a focus group guided by the Medical Research Council Complex Interventions Framework. The training was provided as two different applications (module AB [introduction and SDM‐basics] and module ABC [introduction, SDM‐basics and interactive training]) with differing learning objectives, extent of interactivity, and duration (1 vs 2 hours).Groups of participants were recruited consecutively based on requests for health professional SDM training in university/college‐ and hospital‐settings. By a focus group and a self‐administered questionnaire comprehensibility, relevance and acceptance were assessed and qualitative feedback collected after the training. Data passed descriptive and content analysis, respectively. Knowledge was assessed twice using five multiple‐choice items and analysed using paired t‐tests.ResultsIn 11 (six AB and five ABC) training sessions, 357/429 (296 AB and 133 ABC) eligible nurses, physicians and health professional students with varying clinical backgrounds and previous levels of SDM‐knowledge participated. SDM‐knowledge increased from 25‐78% (range pretest) to 85‐95% (range post‐test) (P ≤ .001).The training was rated easy to understand, acceptable and relevant for practice. Findings to improve the education suggest higher emphasis on interprofessional teaching methods.ConclusionsThe two SDM training modules met the basic requirements for use in a broader SDM implementation strategy and can even improve knowledge.