bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD‐L2+ wound zone macrophage‐like cells display M1/M2‐mixed activation and restrain the effector Th1 responses
Authors: Tavukcuoglu Ece , Horzum Utku , Yilmaz Kerim B , Esendagli Gunes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDepending on the microenvironment conditions, macrophages display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. This study characterized the programmed cell death‐ligand 2 (PD‐L2)‐expressing macrophage‐like cells drained from surgical wound zones, and investigated their influence on helper T (Th) cell responses. Although all CD14+ myeloid cells possessed macrophage‐like features, CD206+ and CD163+ cells constituted a specific subpopulation with high PD‐L2 expression. There was a modest correlation between the PD‐L2 levels on CD206+ macrophages and the amount of interferon (IFN)‐γ in the drainage fluid. The adhesion‐independent macrophages simultaneously presented both classically‐activated M1 and alternatively‐activated M2 characteristics. CD206+ and PD‐L2+ cells were identified with high granularity and size, expressed arginase‐1 and costimulatory molecules, had enhanced phagocytic activity and produced reactive oxygen species. The genes associated with macrophage differentiation (MERTK, AXL and TYRO3) were also upregulated. These cells provided costimulation to Th cells; yet, when PD‐L2 was blocked, T‐cell proliferation and IFNγ production were enhanced. Under defined conditions devoid of activation stimuli and matrix adhesion, ex vivo‐generated monocyte‐derived macrophages displayed limited capacity to stimulate T cells. Upon exposure to IFNγ, they significantly upregulated programmed death 1 ligands, especially PD‐L2. These cells did not completely abrogate T‐cell differentiation; however, PD‐L2 checkpoint blockade restored Th1 proliferation and secretion of interleukin‐2, tumor necrosis factor‐α and IFNγ. In conclusion, upregulation of PD‐L2 on the wound zone macrophages may constitute a negative feedback loop that restrains the Th1 effector responses and avoids exacerbation of inflammation during tissue healing.
Comparison of transepidermal water loss rates in subjects with skin patch test positive vs negative to skin care products
Authors: Liu Dan , Wen Si , Huang Li‐ning , Wang Xiaohua , Gong Can‐yi , Li Zhiping , Wang Hui , Elias Peter M. , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdverse cutaneous reactions to skin care products (SCP) are becoming increasingly common and may be indicative of defective permeability barrier function.AimTo determine the differences in transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL) between skin patch positive vs negative to skin care products in normal Chinese females.MethodsSkin patch test reactions to nine skin care products were assessed in 65 normal Chinese females. Correlations of cutaneous reactions to a panel of nine foreign and domestic SCP with permeability barrier function and stratum corneum (SC) hydration levels were analyzed.ResultsOut of 65 subjects, 24 (37%) displayed positive reactions to one or more SCP. However, the occurrence of positive reactions to patch tests did not correlate with either transepidermal water loss rates or SC hydration levels.ConclusionsThough a substantial proportion of normal females display adverse reactions to SCP, this problem cannot be attributed to differences in the qualities of their epidermal permeability barriers, and therefore, these reactions more likely reflect the potential adverse events of the SCP themselves. However, further studies in large cohort of both males and females would be helpful to ascertain whether TEWL levels can predict cutaneous reactions to SCP.
Effect of time in function on the predictability of short dental implants (≤6 mm): A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vazouras Konstantinos , de Souza Andre Barbisan , Gholami Hadi , Papaspyridakos Panos , Pagni Sarah , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo analyse randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting on the survival and failure rates of functionally loaded short implants (SI) based on the actual length of time in function.Materials and methodsThis meta‐analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify RCTs and prospective cohort studies reporting survival and complication rates of short dental implants (≤6 mm) based on the time in function. Secondary outcomes included the location (maxilla or mandible), type of restoration (single crown [SC] versus fixed dental prosthesis [FDP]) and marginal bone loss (MBL).ResultsA total of 20 studies (11 RCTs and 9 prospective) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and featured a total of 1238 SI placed in 747 patients. The overall (early and late) mean percentage of short implant failure was 4%. SI with up to 1‐year follow‐up presented failure rate of 2%, while SI followed up for >3 years showed a failure rate of 10%. SI restored with SC presented a late failure rate of 4% while SI restored with FPD 2%. The late failure rate did not differ in terms of location (maxilla or mandible) both with 3%.ConclusionShort implants in function for more than 3 years presented higher failure rates compared to SI in function for <3 years. Splinting crowns supported by SIs in the posterior area should be considered. However, SI is a valid option for selected cases given their relatively high long‐term survival rates.
An evolutionary growth model with banking activity
Authors: Almudi Isabel , Fatas‐Villafranca Francisco , Jarne Gloria , Sanchez‐Choliz Julio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an evolutionary growth model in which an innovative production sector interacts with a simplified banking sector. We explore the relationships between long‐term sources of growth (technological change) and short‐term/mid‐term factors (such as price dynamics and interest rates). The model suggests new explanations for the endogenous emergence of sharp crises with profound effects in the long run. An interesting aspect of the model is that these crises appear in a strictly private economy, in which everything produced is sold, and there are neither government distortions nor exogenous shocks. The crises emerge from the interactions between uneven innovation rates and market reactivity. In fact, high reactivity in financial markets can amplify the (initially small) effects of innovative competition, leading to a destabilization of economic growth. Drawing on the results of the model we suggest some policy implications.
‘It's (not) who we are’: Representing the nation in US and Canadian newspaper articles about refugees entering the country
Authors: Jaworsky Bernadette Nadya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIdeas about nation and national identity continue to be highly important, for both individuals and collectivities. In this article, I provide a cultural‐sociological reconstruction of the meanings of national identity conveyed in US and Canadian newspaper coverage of refugees entering, or potentially entering, the country. I engage Billig's theory of ‘banal nationalism’ and Anderson's idea of ‘imagined comEties’. In Canada, there is a single narrative that encapsulates ‘who we are’—a generous, welcoming country for people fleeing extraordinarily difficult circumstances, who will eventually integrate and succeed. National identity is processual, narrated as an ongoing ‘national project’. In the US, there are two distinct storylines about ‘who we are not’. Both begin with the country depicted as a humanitarian leader but diverge along political party lines. The Democrats quoted invoke history and ‘American values’ to say this is not a country that turns its back on those in need; the Republicans argue that this is not a country that exposes its people to harm, so refugee admissions must be halted. National identity is more solid, represented in passing; ‘who we are’ is taken for granted by spelling out ‘who we are not’.
Genetic modulation of RAP alters fruit coloration in both wild and cultivated strawberry
Authors: Gao Qi , Luo Huifeng , Li Yongping , Liu Zhongchi , Kang Chunying 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFruit colour affects consumer preference and is an important trait for breeding in strawberry. Previously, we isolated the Reduced Anthocyanins in Petioles (RAP) gene encoding a glutathione S‐transferase (GST) that binds anthocyanins to facilitate their transport from cytosol to vacuole in the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca. The parent of rap was the F. vesca variety ‘Yellow Wonder’ that develops white fruit due to a natural mutation in the FveMYB10 gene. Here, we investigated the application potential of RAP in modulating fruit colours by overexpression of RAP in F. vesca and knockout of RAP in the cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Unexpectedly, the RAP overexpression in Yellow Wonder background caused formation of red fruit. In addition, the red coloration occurs precociously at floral stage 10 and continues in the receptacle during early fruit development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were not up‐regulated in RAP‐ox; rap myb10 flowers at anthesis and largely inhibited at the turning stage in fruit, suggesting a coloration mechanism independent of FveMYB10. Moreover, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout RAP in cultivated strawberry which is octoploid. Six copies of RAP were simultaneously knocked out in the T0 generation leading to the green stem and white‐fruited phenotype. Several T1 progeny have segregated away the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene but maintain the green stem trait. Our results indicate that enhancing the anthocyanin transport could redirect the metabolic flux from proanthocyanidin to anthocyanin production at early developmental stages of fruit and that RAP is one promising candidate gene in fruit colour breeding of strawberry.
Polyethylene glycol 3350 plus electrolytes for pediatric chronic constipation: An open‐label clinical study in Japan
Authors: Gondo Mayuko , Nagata Satoru , Shinbo Kazuhiko , Oota Akira , Tomomasa Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite the abundance of study evidence for its efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of constipation in other countries, polyethylene glycol 3350 plus electrolytes (PEG3350+E) was not available in Japan until recently. The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of PEG3350+E for the treatment of functional constipation in children in Japan.MethodsJapanese children aged 2–14 years with a mean spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) frequency of 2 times/week or less for at least 2 months prior to informed consent were enrolled into the study. After a 2‐week screening period, treatment with PEG3350+E was initiated on the day of enrollment and continued for 12 weeks. Change in SBM frequency from screening period week 2 (baseline) to treatment period week 2 was set as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints and adverse events were also examined.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were enrolled and completed the 12‐week study period. The SBM frequency (mean ± SD) at baseline and treatment period week 2 was 1.00 ± 0.89 and 6.54 ± 4.38, respectively. The change in SBM frequency was 5.54 ± 4.55 (one‐sample t test, P < 0.0001) and remained stable through week 12. Stool consistency was also improved over the entire treatment period. Three mild adverse drug reactions were reported: decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (each in 1 of 39 [2.6%] patients).ConclusionPEG3350+E can be considered as a new treatment option for chronic constipation in children in Japan. Clinical trial registration number: Japic CTI‐163167.
Prophylactic piperacillin administration in pediatric patients with solid tumors following different intensities of chemotherapy
Authors: Saito Shoji , Yanagisawa Ryu , Minami Kisei , Uchida Eriko , Watanabe Tatsuo , Komori Kazutoshi , Kurata Takashi , Nakamura Tomohiko , Sakashita Kazuo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic antibiotics decrease mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies following intensive chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for pediatric patients with solid tumors remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 103 neutropenic periods from 26 patients with neuroblastoma or brain tumors following three different intensity chemotherapy regimens (05A3, A, and B). While piperacillin was intravenously administered as prophylaxis (PIPC prophylaxis group), the historical control group received no prophylaxis. As patients exhibited a variable degree of myelosuppression based on the intensity of the chemotherapy regimen, we separately evaluated the frequency and severity of febrile neutropenia (FN) in each regimen.ResultsFollowing intensive chemotherapy, we observed a significantly lower frequency of FN in the PIPC prophylaxis group compared with the historical control group in both regimen 05A3 (20% vs 65%; P = 0.01) and regimen A (56% vs 93%; P = 0.02). We also observed a shorter duration of fever, lower maximum fever, and lower C‐reactive protein levels in the PIPC prophylaxis group compared with the historical control group after regimens 05A3 and A. Conversely, the frequency and severity of FN were not different between the two groups after moderate‐intensity chemotherapy (regimen B). However, a longitudinal routine surveillance study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa also indicated a reduction in the susceptibility to PIPC throughout the study period.ConclusionsAlthough PIPC prophylaxis might provide an advantage for severe neutropenia in pediatric patients with solid tumors, there is concern regarding bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, further careful examination is necessary for adaptation.
The morality of multiple citizenship, and its alternatives
Authors: Tanasoca Ana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article discusses some ethical questions raised by multiple citizenship and, more generally, citizenship as we know it. Despite a richness of legal and sociological discussions of multiple citizenship, purely ethical inquiry into multiple citizenship is still in its infancy. The aim here is not to provide a literature review of the further‐flung scholarship on this topic, but rather to point out that multiple citizenship is a topic worthy of specifically philosophical inquiry, and to show how it relates to existing debates within political philosophy.
La Falsa Alchimia de la Quale Tanta Stima già ne Feci: Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo’s opinion on alchemy
Authors: Tramelli Barbara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Milanese artist Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo (1538–1592) is better known for his writings on art than for his pictorial activity. After being struck by an unidentified eye disease at the age of thirty‐three, he was forced to give up his trade and he dedicated most of his later life to collecting material for his books on the art of painting. In his writings, Lomazzo draws on notions from different spheres of knowledge (ancient literature, contemporary optical theories, recipes for pigments among others) in order to build up his complex system of painting. This article focuses on one underestimated aspect of Lomazzo’s interests, which I believe is worth investigating further: alchemy. There are some intriguing hints at alchimia in the artist's writings, which suggest that, though later critics claimed he was ‘not interested in the subject’, he had definite opinions about the theory and practice of it, as well as on its practitioners.
Patellofemoral pain: One year results of a randomized trial comparing hip exercise, knee exercise, or free activity
Authors: Hott Alexandra , Brox Jens Ivar , Pripp Are Hugo , Juel Niels Gunnar , Liavaag Sigurd 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveExtended follow‐up of a randomized trial comparing hip‐focused exercise, knee‐focused exercise, and free physical activity in patellofemoral pain (PFP).MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial included 112 patients aged 16‐40 years (mean 27.6 years) with a clinical diagnosis of PFP ≥3 months (mean 39 months) and pain ≥3/10 on a Visual Analog Scale. Patients were randomized to a 6‐week exercise‐based intervention consisting of either isolated hip‐focused exercises (n = 39), traditional knee‐focused exercise (n = 37), or free physical activity (n = 36). All patients received the same patient education. The primary outcome measure was the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS, 0‐100). Secondary outcomes were usual and worst pain, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Knee Self‐Efficacy Score, Euro‐Qol (EQ‐5D‐5L), step‐down test, and isometric strength. Blinded observers assessed outcomes at baseline, 3, and 12 months. The study was designed to detect a difference in AKPS >10 at 12 months.ResultsAfter 1 year, there were no significant between‐group differences in any primary or secondary outcomes. Between‐group differences for AKPS were as follows: knee versus free physical activity −4.3 (95% CI −12.3 to 3.7); hip versus free physical activity −1.1 (95% CI −8.9 to 6.7); and hip versus Knee 3.2 (95% CI −4.6 to 11.0). The cohort as a whole improved significantly at 3 and 12 months compared to baseline for all measures except for knee extension strength.ConclusionAfter 1 year, there was no difference in effectiveness of knee exercise, hip exercise, or free physical activity, when combined with patient education in PFP.
From the Islamic Republic to the Green Movement: Social Movements in Contemporary Iran
Authors: Tofangsazi Bashir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Islamic Revolution of 1979, the student protests of 1999, and the Iranian Green Movement are among the most important social movements in contemporary Iran. This tumultuous history makes Iran a prime candidate for any analysis of social movements and collective action. However, a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between studies of Iranian social movements and the larger literature on collective behavior and social movements is yet to be conducted. I divide the literature on Iranian social movements between works focusing on the Islamic Revolution and those addressing movements in post‐revolutionary Iran with a focus on the Iranian Green Movement and point out the major foci of each category. Analyses of the Islamic Revolution mostly emphasize the role of grievances, political opportunities, and Shi'a ideology. Works on post‐revolutionary movements are mainly concerned with analyzing the role of political opportunities and internet and communication technologies. Overall, studies of Iranian social movements seem to be moving towards more connection with and application of mainstream theories of social movements. Nevertheless, I identify four areas with room for improvement: (a) a continuous connection to and dialogue with the mainstream literature on collective behavior and social movements; (b) an emphasis on the use of cutting‐edge analytic techniques, especially quantitative ones; (c) increasing the number of studies that address issue‐specific social movements such as the women's and LGBT rights or environmental movements; and (d) conducting more comparative studies on Iran and a variety of different societies. In addition, I suggest that the scholarship on social movements in contemporary Iran can benefit studies of social movements in general by testing and modifying theories in a sociopolitical setting that is different from where they originally focused on.
National comparative audit of blood transfusion: 2014 audit of transfusion services and practice in children and adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Trompeter Sara , Bolton‐Maggs Paula , Ryan Kate , Shah Farrukh , Estcourt Lise , Cho Gavin , Rees David , Lowe Derek , Davis Baaba 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the organisational resources in place; what blood was being transfused, why, how, where, when and by whom; whether laboratory support and policies met standards for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).BackgroundSCD affects 14 000 people in the United Kingdom (UK). Standards and guidelines do not cover all aspects of transfusion in SCD and there are no data on their use; people may become very sick without warning presenting to non‐specialist hospitals; blood services are increasingly supplying units for transfusion in SCD with little data on their use.MethodsA retrospective audit of transfusion services/practice for people with SCD who had received a transfusion in January‐July 2014 in participating hospitals in the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI).ResultsEighty‐four hospitals submitted 1290 cases, 75% of cases came from 18 hospitals submitting 25 or more cases. Transfusions (91.2% [1164/1276]) were administered to patients with HbSS, 60% (732/1227) of patients needed Rh CE negative blood. Transfusion episodes (4528) were recorded, of which 84% were elective. Stroke prevention accounted for 42% of all transfusions; adults received 56% of transfusions of which 50% were automated red cell exchange (RCE), children received 44% of transfusions of which 87% were simple transfusions.ConclusionsThere was a paucity of appropriate clinical management protocols, adequately trained staff and network arrangements. The high numbers of children being transfused, disparity in transfusion modality between children and adults and the high frequency of the CE negative Rh phenotype were noted.
Sailing Toward Autonomy
Authors: Kosowatz John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The concept of autonomously operated ships is beginning to take hold in Europe, Japan and the United States, but primarily in Scandinavia. Some 1,300 kilometers north of Rotterdam, a Norwegian fertilizer company is building what will be the world’s first autonomously operated, zero-emission, all-electric container vessel to haul fertilizer to Norwegian ports for distribution. This article takes a closer look at the vessel’s development.
Limit and Shakedown Analysis of 45-Degree Piping Elbows Under Internal Pressure and In-Plane Bending
Authors: Peng Heng , Shen Jun , Liu Yinghua , Chen Haofeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper carries out the limit and shakedown analysis of 45 deg piping elbows made up of elastic–perfectly plastic materials by means of the recently proposed stress compensation method (SCM). The elbows are subjected to steady internal pressure and cyclic in-plane closing, opening, and reversed bending moments. Different geometries of the piping elbows and various combinations of these applied loads are investigated to generate various plastic limit and shakedown limit load interaction curves. The plastic limit bending moment and plastic limit internal pressure calculated with the SCM are compared to those determined by the twice-elastic-slope approach. Full step-by-step (SBS) elastic–plastic incremental finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized to verify the structural cyclic responses on both sides of the curves obtained and further to confirm the correct shakedown limit loads and boundaries. It is shown that the SCM calculates the shakedown limit load accurately and possesses about 40 times the computation efficiency of the SBS elastic–plastic incremental method. The effects of the ratios of mean radius to wall thickness and bending radius to mean radius of the piping elbow as well as the loading conditions on the plastic limit and shakedown limit load interaction curves are presented. The results presented in this work give a comprehensive understanding of long-term response behaviors of the piping elbow subjected to cyclic loadings and provide some guidance for the design and integrity assessment of piping systems.