bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definitions, formulas, and simulated examples for plagiarism detection with FAIR metrics
Authors: Craig Adam , Ambati Adarsh , Dutta Shiladitya , Mehrotra Arush , Taswell S. Koby , Taswell Carl 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn prior work, we proposed a family of metrics as a tool to quantify adherence to or deviation from good citation practices in scholarly research and publishing. We called this family of metrics FAIR as an acronym for Fair Attribution to Indexed Reports and Fair Acknowledgment of Information Records, and introduced definitions for these metrics with counts of instances of correct or incorrect attribution or nonattribution in primary research articles with citations for previously published references. In the present work, we extend our FAIR family of metrics by introducing a collection of ratio‐based metrics to accompany the count‐based metrics described previously. We illustrate the mathematical properties of the ratio‐based metrics with various simulated examples in order to assess their suitability as a means of identifying papers under peer review as more or less likely to be suspicious for plagiarism. These FAIR metrics would alert peer reviewers to prioritize low‐scoring manuscripts for closer scrutiny. Finally, we outline our planned strategy for future validation of the FAIR metrics with an approach using both expert human analysts and automated algorithms for computerized analysis.
Online behavior of the alzheimer's disease patient caregivers on croatian online discussion forum
Authors: Erdelez Sanda , Tanacković Sanjica Faletar , Balog Kornelija Petr 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from a study which investigated the information needs of caregivers (CGs) of persons with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in Croatia, a country where the health and social care systems for AD patients and their CGs are not fully established nor efficient. The study was conducted with the help of qualitative content analysis on the total population of initial posts (N = 83) on the Croatian Internet Forum (Forum.hr) from May 2005 through January 2019. The analysis revealed that CGs' information needs fall into the following categories: information about the disease, medication/treatment, coping with the disease, physicians, available services, general care for the AD patient, legal and financial issues, and faith. The analysis further revealed that CGs post on this online discussion list not only when they require specific information or advice, but also to describe their situation and experiences and to share practical information that they think will help others, and also to seek emotional support.
Data science education in the iSchool context
Authors: Oh Sam , Song Il‐Yeol , Mostafa Javed , Zhang Yin , Wu Dan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Data Science (DS) has grown in depth, breadth, and relevance in recent years as a prominent multidisciplinary field. iSchools have been among many contributing units in DS education; however, the question remains as to what unique characteristics and core curricula iSchools can best fit in and provide in the DS education landscape. This panel presents the iSchool Data Science Curriculum Committee (iDSCC)’s initiatives to address this question and report on related progress. It will also engage discussion with and seek input from the conference audience in an effort to uncover additional input on the unique characteristics of DS education in the iSchool context and core DS curriculum for iSchools.
Role of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Cord Astrocytes in the Functional Maturation of Motor Neurons in a Multielectrode Array System
Authors: Taga Arens , Dastgheyb Raha , Habela Christa , Joseph Jessica , Richard Jean-Philippe , Gross Sarah K. , Lauria Giuseppe , Lee Gabsang , Haughey Norman , Maragakis Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ability to generate human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural cells displaying region-specific phenotypes is of particular interest for modeling central nervous system biology in vitro. We describe a unique method by which spinal cord hiPSC-derived astrocytes (hiPSC-A) are cultured with spinal cord hiPSC-derived motor neurons (hiPSC-MN) in a multielectrode array (MEA) system to record electrophysiological activity over time. We show that hiPSC-A enhance hiPSC-MN electrophysiological maturation in a time-dependent fashion. The sequence of plating, density, and age in which hiPSC-A are cocultured with MN, but not their respective hiPSC line origin, are factors that influence neuronal electrophysiology. When compared to coculture with mouse primary spinal cord astrocytes, we observe an earlier and more robust electrophysiological maturation in the fully human cultures, suggesting that the human origin is relevant to the recapitulation of astrocyte/motor neuron crosstalk. Finally, we test pharmacological compounds on our MEA platform and observe changes in electrophysiological activity, which confirm hiPSC-MN maturation. These findings are supported by immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR studies in parallel cultures demonstrating human astrocyte mediated changes in the structural maturation and protein expression profiles of the neurons. Interestingly, this relationship is reciprocal and coculture with neurons influences astrocyte maturation as well. Taken together, these data indicate that in a human in vitro spinal cord culture system, astrocytes support hiPSC-MN maturation in a time-dependent and species-specific manner and suggest a closer approximation of in vivo conditions. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1272&1285
Photocatalytic Degradation of 5‐Fluorouracil by Diatomite‐Supported Titanium Dioxide under UV‐A Irradiation
Authors: Djediai Houria , Benrabaa Rafik , Gombert Bertrand , N'Guettia Roland Kossonou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is the photocatalytic degradation of 5‐fluorouracil from water with titanium dioxide supported on Algerian diatomite. Different methods and amounts of titanium dioxide (30 and 50% weight) are used to synthesize photo‐catalysts which are characterized (X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), The specific surface area (BET) and X‐ray fluorescence). The degradation efficiency is enhanced by the increasing of TiO2 amount in diatomite matrix. Under our experimental conditions, diatomite supported commercial TiO2 showed the higher performance for the removal of 5‐fluorouracil.
Group maturity, team efficiency, and team effectiveness in software development: A case study in a CMMI‐DEV Level 5 organization
Authors: Ramírez‐Mora Sandra L. , Oktaba Hanna , Patlán Pérez Juana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGroup aspects are essential to the success of software projects; however, almost no research regarding group maturity in CMMI‐DEV Level 5 organizations has been conducted. The objective of this work is to investigate group maturity and its relationship to the efficiency and effectiveness of Agile Software Development teams in a CMMI‐DEV Level 5 organization. A case study was conducted, and three data collection methods were used: a validated questionnaire was given to nine agile software teams (59 people) to measure specific aspects of group maturity, team efficiency, and team effectiveness; the effort to develop Use Case Points and a group rate (related to productivity and salary) were collected to investigate team efficiency, and focus group sessions and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with project managers and team leaders to explore group issues in software development. Aspects of group maturity were correlated with team effectiveness and team efficiency measures. Communication was found to be strongly correlated with team effectiveness and group rate, and conformity and the clarity of roles and goals were found to be strongly correlated with team efficiency. The results suggest that group maturity has a positive influence on software teams in CMMI‐DEV Level 5 organizations.
Stand der züchterischen Erzeugung amylosereicher Maisstärke und der technischen Amylosegewinnung
Authors: Augustat S. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit der Ausarbeitung exakter Methoden zur Trennung der beiden Stärkekonstituenten Amylose und Amylopektin interessiert sich die Industrie in immer stärkerem Maße für die Amylosegewinnung in technischem Maßstabe. Zur Erreichung dieses Zieles bedient man sich zweier Wege. Durch Züchtung von Maissorten mit extrem hohem Amylosegehalt wird versucht, eine möglichst amylopektinfreie Stärke zu erhalten. Während der Amylosegehalt der meisten Stärkearten etwa in den Grenzen 15‐27% liegt, beträgt er bei den hochamylosigen Stärken weit über 50%. Der höchste Amylosegehalt wurde bisher bei einer Maisstärke mit 82% erzielt.Der zweite Weg der technischen Amylosegewinnung besteht in der Fraktionierung von Stärke und befindet sich in Holland bereits im Produktionsstadium. Dieses Fraktionierungsverfahren beruht auf der Anwendung von konzentrierter Magnesiumsulfatlösung und wird auf Kartoffelstärke angewandt.Angesichts der zu erwartenden Steigerung der Produktion von Amylose wird letztere auf Grund ihrer vorzüglichen Eigenschaften vor allem in bezug auf Film‐ und Faserbildung zu einem vielbegehrten industriellen Rohstoff werden.
The effects of irradiation by high energy cathode rays on starch
Authors: Radley J. A. 
Published: October 2019

Schlußfolgerung Die Bestrahlung der Stärke mit Kathodenstrahlen scheint unterhalb einer Bestrahlungsdosis von 0,5 times 106 rad keinen merklichen Abbau hervorzurufen, wie die Messung der physikalischen Eigenschaften ergab. Somit können Nahrungsmittel und Nahrungsprodukte ohne weiteres zum Zwecke der Sterilisation mit Bestrahlungsdosierungen bis zu dieser Höhe behandelt werden. Für eine Reihe von Backprodukten reicht diese Dosierung bei bestimmten Schimmelpilzen nicht aus und unter Einfluß von einigen der übrigen Komponenten wird der Geschmack beeinträchtigt (7). Oberhalb des genannten Wertes wird die Stärke selbst angegriffen und bei einer Dosis von 100 times 106 rad verliert sie alle diejenigen physikalischen Eigenschaften, die sie als Handelsware so wertvoll erscheinen lassen.Die Endprodukte stellen ein Gemisch aus reduzierenden Zuckern, Hexosen, Glucuronsäure und möglicherweise anderen Säuren von niedrigem Molekulargewicht dar.
Vergleichende Betrachtungen der europäischen und der amerikanischen Stärkeforschung und Stärkeindustrie
Authors: Kempf W. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Schwerpunkt der Stärkeforschung in den USA, sowohl an den Universitätsinstituten und staatlichen Forschungsanstalten als auch in der Stärkeindustrie selbst, liegt auf dem Gebiet der Entwicklung von chemisch abgebauten und derivatisierten Stärken mit verbesserten oder großenteils auch völlig neuen Eigenschaften mit dem Ziel, den Absatz von Stärke zu steigern und damit die Produktion zu erhöhen. Diese Entwicklung wird weitgehend von den ungeheueren Überschüssen an Mais und Weizen in den USA bestimmt. Da ein solcher Getreideüberschuß in Europa, insbesondere in Deutschland, nicht besteht, sondern praktisch das gesamte Rohmaterial importiert werden muß, liegt das Schwergewicht der europäischen, bzw. der deutschen Stärkeforschung und Stärkeindustrie, abgesehen von der Grundlagenforschung an einigen Universitäts‐ und Hochschulinstituten sowie staatlichen Forschungsanstalten, auf maschinentechnischem Gebiet im Sinne einer Qualitätsverbesserung und Ausbeuteerhöhung. Dementsprechend liegen auch beispielsweise die Ausbeuten der amerikanischen Maisstärkefabriken mit durchschnittlich 64 bis 68% unter denjenigen der europäischen Maisstärkeindustrie. Die Besichtigungen der amerikanischen Maisstärke‐, Weizenstärke‐, Kartoffelstärke‐, Stärkesirup‐ und Dextrosefabriken haben gezeigt, daß ein großer Teil der Verbesserungen und Neuentwicklungen auf maschinentechnischem Gebiet aus Europa stammt, woran die deutsche Maschinenindustrie einen erfreulich hohen Anteil hat.
The effect of divalent cation complexation on anaerobically digested enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge dewatering performance
Authors: Mangrum C. Robert L. , Jenkins David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effect of mono‐ and divalent cation concentrations on digested sludge dewatering characteristics was investigated in a full‐scale study at the Harrisonburg‐Rockingham Regional Sewer Authority, VA (HRRSA) and at an additional POTW (POTW B). At HRRSA, anaerobic digesters were fed with primary sludge, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) WAS, and trucked‐in DAF solids from a poultry processing facility, and digested sludge was dewatered by belt filter press. The POTW B digesters received EBPR WAS and primary sludge, and dewatering was by centrifuge. Visual MINTEQ 3.1 (Gustafsson, 2014, Visual MINTEQ 3.1. User's manual) was used to determine cation speciation and struvite, tricalcium phosphate, vivianite, and ferrous sulfide formation at a range of digestion conditions. Significant Mg and Ca complexation was predicted at all conditions evaluated, and the majority of the complexes were monovalent cations. Complexation reduced the divalent cation concentration on the order of 40%. The HRRSA and POTW B data both showed that dewatered cake total solids (TS) increased linearly with uncomplexed divalent cation concentration and that there was an increase of 1.0%–1.1% TS for every additional 1.0 meq/L of uncomplexed divalent cations. Because POTW B used centrifuge dewatering, this relationship could be independent of dewatering technique. Further, the relationship between uncomplexed divalent cation concentration and dewaterability suggests that the selectivity of exocellular polymeric substances cation exchange sites is much greater for divalent cations so that monovalent cations only bind to them when their concentrations are much higher than those of the uncomplexed divalent cations. Thus, monovalent cation concentration may not be important in anaerobic digestion or other high alkalinity environments.Practitioner points

It is important to account for complexation in high alkalinity environments such as anaerobic digesters;

The findings of this study suggest that dewatering characteristics of anaerobically digested enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) waste sludge can be significantly improved by preserving cation‐mediated exocellular polymeric substances bonding in the solids stream by reducing struvite formation;

Data from two full‐scale POTW’s indicated that dewatered cake TS was increased by 1.0%–1.1% for every 1.0 meq/L of dissolved uncomplexed divalent cations in the anaerobic digestate bulk solution;

This relationship existed for dewatering both by a belt filter press and by a centrifuge suggesting that this relationship is independent of dewatering technology;

Dissolved monovalent cation concentrations may not be important in anaerobic digestion or other high alkalinity environments unless their concentrations are much greater than those of the dissolved divalent cations.
Blockchain for explainable and trustworthy artificial intelligence
Authors: Nassar Mohamed , Salah Khaled , ur Rehman Muhammad Habib , Svetinovic Davor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increasing computational power and proliferation of big data are now empowering Artificial Intelligence (AI) to achieve massive adoption and applicability in many fields. The lack of explanation when it comes to the decisions made by today's AI algorithms is a major drawback in critical decision‐making systems. For example, deep learning does not offer control or reasoning over its internal processes or outputs. More importantly, current black‐box AI implementations are subject to bias and adversarial attacks that may poison the learning or the inference processes. Explainable AI (XAI) is a new trend of AI algorithms that provide explanations of their AI decisions. In this paper, we propose a framework for achieving a more trustworthy and XAI by leveraging features of blockchain, smart contracts, trusted oracles, and decentralized storage. We specify a framework for complex AI systems in which the decision outcomes are reached based on decentralized consensuses of multiple AI and XAI predictors. The paper discusses how our proposed framework can be utilized in key application areas with practical use cases.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Computer Architectures for Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Efficacy of automated detection of motion in wildlife monitoring videos
Authors: Marcot Bruce G. , Lorenz Teresa J. , Fischer Philip , Weinstein Ben G. , Cowell Samuel 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDocumenting biodiversity and wildlife behavior is time‐consuming and potentially invasive. Remotely placed cameras often are used to increase sampling and minimize disturbance of focal animals. Such wildlife monitoring programs can entail numerous and lengthy videos requiring massive amounts of time to analyze their content. We evaluated the efficacy of a computer program, MotionMeerkat (http://benweinstein.weebly.com/motionmeerkat.html), for automated detection of motion in 21 continuous, 3‐hour‐long videos monitoring woodpecker (Picidae) nest cavities during 2016 in Washington, USA. The program produces still‐image frame captures from the video where motion was detected, files logging the video time‐stamps of each frame, and x,y coordinates within each frame where motion was detected. We compared program results with video reviews conducted by students using a standard protocol for identifying movement events and species identification. The program tagged 60% more motion events of all types, and 38% more motion events of target species (woodpeckers and potential predators), than were found by student reviews. We also conducted sensitivity analyses of the program by varying program input settings; results suggest that optimal settings depend on the video quality, environmental conditions, desired target species, and type of motion. We conclude that automated motion‐detection programs such as MotionMeerkat can play important roles in use of continuous videos for wildlife monitoring, but results need to be reviewed by the researcher. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Irregular Migration as Survival Strategy: Narratives from Youth in Urban Nigeria
Authors: Ikuteyijo Lanre Olusegun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNigerian youths constitute the largest population in an increasing flow of migration from countries in the Global South to Europe and other countries in the Global North. Using in-depth interviews and focus groups with Nigerian youths, this study explored: (1) the extent to which youths who were susceptible toward migration were aware of irregular migration and conditions that characterize it, and (2) the attitudes and survival strategies adopted by returnee irregular migrants. The study revealed that most of the youths who migrated under irregular circumstances were motivated by economic reasons and influenced by family dynamics and social media. The paper concluded that the perception of youths on irregular migration as survival strategy to escape from the harsh economy in Nigeria had dire consequences.
“To Become Somebody in the Future”: Exploring the Content of University Students’ Goals in Nigeria
Authors: Mac-Ikemenjima Dabesaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractYouths’ self-articulated goals in sub-Saharan Africa are often missing from scholarly and development discourses, creating a challenge for those aiming to establish effective development programs and policies. This chapter explores the goals of undergraduate university students in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region, drawing on data from 23 in-depth interviews, 7 focus group discussions, and a survey of 267 undergraduate students in universities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria collected between July 2012 and September 2013. Through a grounded theory analysis of the data collected, 40 specific goals were identified and developed into four categories: achievement, material, generativity, and relationship. The findings are useful for further research on aspirations and the design, monitoring, and evaluation of development programs that are sensitive and relevant to the needs of young people.
Someone Has to Tell These Children: “You Can Be As Good As Anybody!”
Authors: Fiaka Cecilia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter is a personal narrative by the founder and director of the Nneka Youth Foundation, a nonprofit organization serving youth in rural Ghana. The chapter begins with the author’s childhood and journey to Accra to work as a house help. It then deals with the author’s education, which she continued in her village and in Accra under the same conditions as a maidservant. The final section describes the formation of the Nneka Youth Foundation. This chapter is also a tribute to all mothers, and especially the author’s mother. Through all these life stages, one thing stood paramount: mother’s care. Thus, the Nneka Youth Foundation received its name from the exclamation from Chinua Achebe’s book, Things Fall Apart: “Nneka!”, which means “Mother is really supreme!”
On the Concept of “Energy” from a Transcultural Perspective
Authors: Oostveen Daan F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter gives an overview of the concept of energy from a transcultural perspective. Often, energy is only approached by means of the stipulative definition as used in science. This usage disregards the specific philosophical origins of the concept. In the comparative philosophy of Ulrich Libbrecht, the concept of energy is used as a comparative category, which has related concepts in each of the various ideal types of worldviews—the Greek, the Indian, and the Chinese—his comparative model describes. By informing ourselves of particularly Buddhist and Chinese perspectives on energy and ethics, we can transform and expand our understanding of energy, in order to increase its explanatory power, with regard to contemporary questions of energy justice. This includes a posthuman approach towards it.
The Kazakh Ethical Tradition and Anti-nuclear Ethics
Authors: Nurysheva Gulzhikhan , Amrebayeva Zhyldyz , Amrebayev Aydar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article analyses the contribution of the Kazakh traditional ethics to the formation of a modern harmonious world. The peaceful and harmonizing nature of the philosophical ethics of various civilizations at different stages of history characterizes the diversity and unity of human aspirations for peace and harmony. The development of nuclear weapons in the modern world is a serious challenge to this concept of development. Ethical ideas of different nations can be used as a weighty argument in favour of the refusal of mankind from nuclear weapons. The authors focus on the harmonious worldview of the nomads, who understood the interconnectedness of the world of man and the world of nature.