bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving neuromuscular disorders research forward: from novel models to clinical studies
Authors: van Putten Maaike , Hmeljak Julija , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , Dowling James J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) encompass a diverse group of genetic diseases characterized by loss of muscle functionality. Despite extensive efforts to develop therapies, no curative treatment exists for any of the NMDs. For multiple disorders, however, therapeutic strategies are currently being tested in clinical settings, and the first successful treatments have now entered clinical practice (e.g. spinraza for spinal muscular atrophy). Successful clinical translation depends on the quality and translatability of preclinical findings and on the predictive value of the experimental models used in their initial development. This Special Issue of Disease Models & Mechanisms has a particular focus on translational research for NMDs. The collection includes original research focusing on advances in the development of novel in vitro and in vivo models, broader understanding of disease pathology and progression, and approaches to modify the disease course in these models. We also present a series of special articles and reviews that highlight our understanding of cellular mechanisms, biomarkers to tract disease pathology, the diversity of mouse models for NMDs, the importance of high-quality preclinical studies and data validation, and the pitfalls of successfully moving a potential therapeutic strategy to the clinic. In this Editorial, we summarize the highlights of these articles and place their findings in the broader context of the NMD research field.
Assessment of Spring Potential for Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in Lesser Himalayas
Authors: Kumar Vikram , Sen Sumit 
Published: February 2020

HighlightsSpring flows are the primary source of water for rural Himalayan communities.An attempt was made to understand the potential of spring discharge as an alternative irrigation source.Improved management of resources is vital to account for agricultural water use.Managing water resources is a collective endeavor for achieving water security.Abstract.With increasing population and restricted water and land resources, there is a growing concern for better planning of the available water and land resources. In the mountainous regions or mountains, there is limited land with uncertain water availability as the rainfall patterns pose a major threat to the livelihood of the people. Therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify and manage the available water resources in a sustainable way. People in the Himalayas are mainly dependent on the springs for drinking water, but not much attention has been dedicated to the development and conservation of these springs. A spring in the Tehri-Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state of India, has been continuously monitored to quantify the available water for domestic use and agriculture. In this study, an attempt is made to understand the potential of a spring for agricultural water use by evaluating the crop water requirement and potential improved strategies to increase the water productivity. Analysis proves that crop evapotranspiration is higher (946-1062 mm) for crops with extended duration (165-180 days) as compared to evapotranspiration (92.91 mm) of short duration (60 days) crops. The total water requirement for major crops in the area is 6411.35 mm and the monitored spring has the potential to supplement this water requirement. Adopting the system of rice intensification to increase the rice yield (by 49%), increases the water productivity. The sensitivity analysis of benefit to cost suggests that, an increase in the crop yield by 30% can increase the revenue in the study area by Rs.3687197, which is 217% more than the input costs. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the available water and area for irrigation to achieve the global water security for increasing population. Further, utilizing springs as potential irrigation sources will support rural community in meeting domestic water requirement and achieving environmental sustainability. Findings of this study will help in planning and implementing management strategies that are resilient in the face of future changes and improve the economic condition of farmers. Keywords: Crop evapotranspiration, Himalaya, Optimization, Sensitivity analysis, Spring.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Internal Flow Characteristic in the Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler
Authors: Fordjour Alexander , Zhu Xingye , Yuan Shouqi , Dwomoh Frank Agyen , Issaka Zakaria 
Published: February 2020

HighlightsA detailed study of the relationship between the velocity distribution, length of tube and nozzle sizes. Rotation speed decreased approximately linearly as the length of the tube increased.Relative error was less than 4% for validated results indicating a perfect correlation between the values of numerical simulation, calculated, and experiment results. Abstract.A detailed study of the relationship between velocity distribution, length of tube and nozzle sizes was conducted using a dynamic fluidic sprinkler. Therefore, the objectives of this article were: (1) to study inner flow characteristics of dynamic fluidic sprinkler, (2) to compare numerical simulation and experimental results (3) to introduce an empirical equation of the variation trend of rotation speed for the newly designed sprinkler. A mathematical model for simulation of the inner flow distribution of the sprinkler was obtained by using computational fluid dynamics. The results were validated by numerical simulation and compared to the experimental results. The minimum average deviation between the calculated, simulation and experiment was 0.25%, whiles the maximum was 0.90%. It was found that the relative error was less than 4% results indicating a perfect correlation between the values of numerical simulation, calculated and experiment results. It was established that the rotation speed decreases approximately linearly as the length of the tube increases. The results revealed that the nozzle diameter, length of the tube, and the operating pressure had a significant influence on the rotation speed of the sprinkler. This study provides baseline information to improve water application efficiency for crop production in sprinkler irrigated fields. Keywords: Dynamic fluidic sprinkler, Inner flow, Nozzle, Numerical simulation, Water saving.
Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women
Authors: Scheidell Joy D. , Dyer Typhanye P. , Severe MacRegga , Tembunde Yazmeen E. , Young Kailyn E. , Khan Maria R. 
Published: February 2020

CONTEXTReceptive anal intercourse (RAI), which has become increasingly common among U.S. heterosexual women, is associated with STDs, including HIV, when it is unprotected and coercive. Childhood traumatic experiences may increase sexual risk behavior, but the relationship between childhood trauma and RAI among women has not been examined.METHODSData from 4,876 female participants in Waves 1 (1994–1995), 3 (2001–2002) and 4 (2007–2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to examine associations between nine self‐reported childhood traumas (neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; parental binge drinking and incarceration; and witnessing, being threatened with and experiencing violence) and RAI during adulthood using modified Poisson regression analysis. Whether depression, low self‐esteem, drug use, relationship characteristics or sex trade involvement mediated the relationship between trauma and RAI was also explored.RESULTSForty percent of the sample reported having engaged in receptive anal intercourse. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, eight of the nine childhood traumas were associated with increased risk of RAI (adjusted prevalence ratios, 1.2–1.5); the strongest association was with experience of violence. Each unit increase in the number of traumas yielded a 16% increase in RAI prevalence. In mediation analyses, only drug use and relationship factors slightly attenuated the association between childhood trauma and RAI (1.2 for each).CONCLUSIONSWomen with a history of childhood trauma may be at increased risk of engaging in RAI, highlighting the importance of screening and trauma‐informed education in sexual health settings. Pathways linking childhood trauma and RAI among women are complex and warrant further research.
Read between the Lines: Using drama to change attitudes towards suicide among young people
Authors: Layton James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As part of a regional initiative, South Ayrshire Council Community Safety Partnership developed a programme of workshops for secondary schools to contribute to the Scottish Government's Suicide Action Plan. Using an applied drama project titled Read between the Lines as a case study, this article outlines how drama is central to the fulfilment of this national strategy. Utilizing David Kolb's experiential learning cycle to evaluate how young people benefitted from the project, I demonstrate the efficacy of performance as a tool to explore real-life scenarios and in effecting change in young people's understanding of and attitudes to suicide. In doing so, I suggest that more tangibly connected communities are created as a means of improving general well-being.
'Wow, it's at the University'! Experiences of people with mental illness of an educational arts programme
Authors: Lambley Ruth , Kaley Elizabeth , Morris Rebecca , Robinson Anna , Rowe Nick , Sellar-Edmunds Jean , Wynn-Werninck Tim , Anderson Emma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study gathered the experiences and perceptions of participants of a university-based programme of free arts education for people who use mental health services, known as Converge. A total of 70 per cent of the authors have lived experience of mental health difficulties and attend Converge courses. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was taken, using Photo Elicitation to facilitate interviews with relatively new Converge participants. An inductive thematic analysis of the data identified four themes: establishing community; purpose; student not patient; and accessing valued, inclusive spaces. These reflected findings in the existing literature about the mental health benefits of the arts and factors important to the process of recovery. A major finding was the clear indication that locating courses in socially valued and inclusive venues is of very high importance to participants, and that this seems to amplify benefits they experience from attending. This suggests that forming partnerships between socially valued spaces and mental health services is worth energetically pursuing.
Art therapy and quality of life among children undergoing stem cell transplantation: A pilot study
Authors: Chou Y. Pat , Stuckey Shanna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Drawing from a multidimensional perspective on health and grounded in the western notion of positive psychology, we explored how art therapy impacted the quality of life (QoL) among children undergoing stem cell transplantation in a Midwestern hospital in America. Participants were three dyads of paediatric patients and parents and two healthcare professionals. All participants were European Americans. Data were collected through interviews, observations and self-report surveys. Quantitative results and qualitative findings indicated a discrepancy between the two types of data collected; the qualitative findings highlighted the importance of art therapy for patients during their hospital stays while the quantitative results from the KINDL-R surveys suggested that the patients' perceptions of QoL did not improve at the post-test administration time-point. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Sexy till I die: What applied theatre can offer in approaches to sexual health
Authors: Tidey Leah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For older adults in Canada, too often shame and silence describe their experiences of sexual health. With more citizens over the age of 65 than ever before and increasing rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in older adults, we are facing a serious issue. Applied theatre offers an innovative approach to deconstructing social stigma in sexuality across the life course, whereby new understandings and perceptions may emerge for people of all ages. The usefulness, gaps and application of three different approaches to sexual health issues are examined to highlight innovations in addressing sexual health and critique ageist, sexist and heteronormative assumptions through a feminist, critical pedagogy lens. The analysis culminates in a proposed outline for an intergenerational, community-based theatre project to address the social stigma of sexuality across the life course entitled You're Doing What?! At Your Age?!
The sound of silence: Blank spaces, fading narratives and fragile frames in comics
Authors: Sanyal Debarghya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
How does one translate silence onto a silent medium? Printed comic books and graphic novels are generally a non-auditory art form. This has caused them to be traditionally perceived as ‘silent’. This also means that comics artists have come up with some of the most innovative ways of translating sound to a primarily visual medium – bold letters, onomatopoeic words, fading images, etc. Nonetheless, these innovations have often in fact failed to address silence. As an art form where both the blank space and the printed word acquire their own unique visual signification, is comics rather a stubbornly un-silent medium? If so, then how does one depict silence in an un-silent medium? My article addresses these questions by first examining the works of Scott McCloud, Thierry Groensteen and Barbara Postema and their study of sound in comics. I then build on these theoretical frameworks to problematize the conventional correlation of visual signifiers with sound and silence, primarily examining the use of blank space or the lack of words as a default signifier of silence. Ultimately, I will argue that comic books provide a unique transmedial approach to re-analyse our conventional ideas for visual representations of sound.
Rethinking illness through performance: The gaze and the aesthetics of health in Charles Burns' Black Hole
Authors: Donner Mathieu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the relation Charles Burns' Black Hole weaves between identity, illness, performance and desire, this article reads in Black Hole a celebration of perversion as its own epistemic structure as it simultaneously exposes the possibilities opened up by performance for a re-articulation of abnormality as a positive identity whose own idiosyncratic value can, in turn, become a site of investment for new individual and cultural forms of desire. Narrating the story of a group of American teenagers whose community is prey to a sexually transmitted disease, which visibly transforms the body of its host through the addition of extraordinary appendages, Black Hole opens up the experience of sickness to the notion of performance. Multiplying the set of responses available to the subject, it promotes an idiosyncratic understanding of illness as an identity while cultivating an understanding of the latter as the solidification of a specific mode of performance. Exploring the ways in which the two contrary practices of dissimulation and voluntary spectacularization embodied by Burns' protagonists signal new possible spaces of resistance to the visual dominance of the medical apparatus and its identificatory discourse, this article exposes how the willful appropriation of the sick identity and its correlative self-objectification force the re-articulation of the unidirectional relation set up by the gaze as a bidirectional mode of address in which both actors participate in the constitution of desire. Reading in Burns' portrayal of Eliza a positive and active embrace of monstrosity as its own form of identity and a disruption of the traditional relationship posited by the dominant discourse between active observer and passive patient, this article explores the potential implicit in performance to challenge the traditional hegemonic discourse of medicine and public health and to articulate a new approach to desire and sexuality for and around the contagious monster.
ANALISIS SPASIAL KEMISKINAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG DAN LEBAK
Authors: Sukanto S , Juanda Bambang , Fauzi Akhmad , Mulatsih Sri 
Published: February 2020

Poverty is the main problem both at the national and regional development. Existing poverty alleviation programs have not paid attention to the spatial aspect. Thus the policies are often poorly targeted. This study aims to find spatial patterns of poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak districts. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is used to analyze the poverty data in 2016. Based on the analysis, positive spatial autocorrelation is found and clustered in 25 sub-districts. Net enrollment rates tend to reduce poverty in all sub-districts. Meanwhile, village funds, electricity, and roads tend to reduce poverty rates in more than 80% of sub-districts. Independent variables have a different response in each sub-district. Therefore, the poverty alleviation program of each sub-district is adjusting to its influencing factor.
PURE POLITICKING! RACIALISED BLAME GAMES AND MORAL PANIC IN THE CASE OF A SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: CONRADIE MARTHINUS STANDER 
Published: February 2020

This study combines two discourse analytic frameworks, and explores the utility of this combination for unpacking journalistic opinions written in response to a polarising and racialised event in South African education: the Overvaal High School incident. It uncovers strategic constructions of racism within politicised blame games, in the context of Overvaal, and discloses how blame-assertion and blame-denial became implicated in framings of moral panic.
Methodologically, this study relies on the concept race trouble, as well as a practical model of argumentation. In conjunction, these two approaches supply insight into both the calculated construction of racism, as well as the incorporation of these constructions into arguments aimed at rationalising blame-assertion and blame-denial. The results are interpreted within theorisations of moral panic.
The findings showcase how arguments are produced to blame an individual politician for escalating racial antagonism around Overvaal, instead of offering a deeply historicised and contextualised account of the incident. Consequently, the arguments that shaped the opinion pieces, and the framing of racism involved in these arguments, ultimately obfuscate inquiry into structural determinants of racial inequity.
Implicitly, this framing of racism and its incorporation into argumentation and blame games, produce a form of moral panic, in which South Africans racialised as white are construed as embattled by self-serving (black) politicians. Such politicians are vilified, or rendered as folk devils, and the results indicate how this process evades penetrating analyses of racialisation and its intersection with unequal education.
Schnelle, verteilte Optimierungsmethoden und spieltheoretische Ansätze in vernetzten Systemen
Authors: Tatarenko Tatiana 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über Methoden, die verteilte und spieltheoretische Optimierungsprobleme in Multi-Agenten-Systemen lösen. Alle betrachteten Methoden basieren auf der Annahme, dass die kritischen Informationen im System auf die einzelnen Agenten verteilt sind und kein Agent Zugriff auf die Gesamtinformation besitzt. Jeder Agent kann allerdings Metadaten seiner lokalen Information seinen Nachbarn preisgeben, sodass ein gemeinsames Ziel erreicht werden kann. Die Nachbarschaften sind dabei durch einen Kommunikationsgraphen festgelegt. Der Fokus liegt daher auf kommunikationsbasierten Verfahren, die schnelle Konvergenzraten aufweisen. Dabei müssen die einzelnen Zielfunktionen der Agenten streng konvex und ihre Gradienten Lipschitz-stetig sein. In der Literatur wurden schnelle Methoden für die verteilte Optimierung bereits ausgiebig behandelt. Es bleiben jedoch viele offene Fragen im Bereich der spieltheoretischen Optimierung. Diese Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, einen strukturierten Vergleich zwischen den bekannten Ergebnissen für diese Optimierungsprobleme zu schaffen und potentielle Richtungen für die zukünftige Forschung zu formulieren.
Automated driving for car manufacturers’ vehicle logistics
Authors: Wenning Marius , Kawollek Sebastian , Kampker Achim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Technical and legal challenges cause the implementation of Autonomous Driving in road traffic to still be a long way off. However, the introduction of driver assistance functions enables cars’ automation for low speeds already nowadays. The concept of Autonomous Transport (AT) combines automated driving with Automated Guided Vehicle’s technology. In this paper, we assess risks that emanate from AT and show fields of action for its implementation with respect to the standards for functional safety. We set up requirements for the reliability of cars’ electric power supply, actuators and sensors. Concepts for their cost-efficient fulfillment are derived. The realization of collision avoidance and navigation without additional attachments is discussed.
UFIR-Parameteridentifikation in Echtzeit
Authors: Siegl Steffen , Svaricek Ferdinand 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird ein erwartungstreues Filter mit endlicher Impulsantwort (Unbiased Finite Impulse Response/UFIR) zur Systemidentifikation mittels Parameterschätzung verwendet. Dieses entspricht einem Least-Squares-Verfahren auf bewegtem Horizont (Receding Horizon Least Squares/RHLS) ohne die Verwendung von Anfangsbedingungen und mit optimaler Horizontlänge für eine minimale Schätzfehlerkovarianz in Gegenwart von Parameter- und Messrauschen. Eine Messdatensequenz, die ein „intelligenter Sensor“ mit einem Puffer generiert, wird von der Strecke über ein Netzwerk [basierend auf dem Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)] zum Parameterschätzer übertragen. Der Einfluss von stochastisch auftretenden Paketverlusten auf den bisher wenig zur Parameteridentifikation eingesetzten Schätzer wird untersucht. Konvergenz- und Stabilitätsbetrachtungen werden abgeleitet und an einem numerischen Beispiel erläutert.
Modifications of the Charged Balls Method
Authors: Abbasov Majid , Aliev Faramoz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Charged Balls Method is based on physical ideas. It allows one to solve problem of finding the minimum distance from a point to a convex closed set with a smooth boundary, finding the minimum distance between two such sets and other problems of computational geometry. This paper proposes several new quick modifications of the method. These modifications are compared with the original Charged Ball Method as well as other optimization methods on a large number of randomly generated model problems.We consider the problem of orthogonal projection of the origin onto an ellipsoid. The main aim is to illustrate the results of numerical experiments of Charged Balls Method and its modifications in comparison with other classical and special methods for the studied problem.
Compactness and hypercyclicity of co-analytic Toeplitz operators on de Branges-Rovnyak spaces
Authors: Alhajj Rim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the compactness and the hypercyclicity of Toeplitz operators

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

with co-analytic and bounded symbols on de Branges-Rovnyak spaces ℋ(b). For the compactness of

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

, we will see that the result depends on the boundary spectrum of b. We will prove that there are non trivial compact operators of the form

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

, with ϕ ∈ H

∞
∩ C(𝕋), if and only if m(σ(b) ∩ 𝕋) = 0. We will also show that, when b is non-extreme, then

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

is hypercyclic if and only if ϕ is non-constant and ϕ(𝔻) ∩ 𝕋 ≠ ∅.