bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWING UP ON A FARM AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Herd Pamela , Asthana Sanjay , Sicinski Kamil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is growing interest in rural disadvantage and the implications for health and well-being in later life. We examine the relationship between living in rural areas in childhood and cognitive outcomes later in life using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The WLS has prospective childhood measures of geographic status, adolescent IQ, and detailed measures of socioeconomic status, combined with later life measures of health and cognitive functioning. We find a robust relationship between rurality and lower levels of cognitive functioning, but it is explained by growing up on a farm.
THE POWER OF REVIEWS: HARNESSING RESEARCH ON COGNITIVE HEALTH
Authors: Quinn Kelly , Friedman Daniela B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Networks harness powerful resources to tackle complex challenges. This symposium leverages the power of one such network to advance research in cognitive health. Using literature reviews, we seek to aid in the translation of knowledge on cognitive aging and health into practice. By documenting research successes and identifying gaps, we highlight areas in which important lines of research can be propelled forward. The papers together focus on three dynamics of research practice: communication among researchers, commonly-used research tools, and the need to develop valid and reliable measures. The first paper examines nomenclature that scientists use to describe cognitive health in their research reporting, and makes recommendations for alignment of important concepts. The second and third papers explore commonly-used tools in intervention research: one on the use of psychosocial assessments typically employed with individuals with ADRD, such as for depression and quality of life, and the other on tools used by educational and intervention programs to evaluate caregiver knowledge of dementia. Each paper suggests that consistent measurement practices would enhance interpretation of findings across studies. The final paper considers a promising research area, walkable neighborhoods and cognitive health, and argues for the importance of developing valid and reliable measures in emerging research. Taken together, these papers provide critical reflection on current practices in cognitive aging research and suggest directions in which to build future investigation. In addition, this collection of papers fulfills the clarion call of The Healthy Brain Roadmap for finding ways to improve the cognitive health of all adults.
TERMS AND MEASURES OF COGNITIVE AGING AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Miyawaki Christina E , Quinn Kelly , Croff Raina , Vogel Mia T , Belza Basia , Souza Anita M , Liu Minhui , Edwards Valerie J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Healthy Brain Initiative: National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health (2007) called on the research community to more widely disseminate its work on cognitive aging and cognitive health. However, communication beyond individual disciplines is complex. We identified terminology that social scientists use to describe cognitive aging and cognitive health among older adults, demonstrated how such terms are defined, and illustrated how these constructs are being measured. We searched terms such as Alzheimer* and dementia in studies between 2007 and 2018 (n=209). Geriatrics (n=95), neurology (n=81), psychiatry (n=65), and psychology (n=30) were most common disciplines; however, there was no consistency in how terms were used within and across disciplines. A detailed review of “cognitive impairment” and “mild cognitive impairment” demonstrated that formal definitions were provided infrequently and measurement of constructs ranged widely. The variability in terminology, definitions and measures reflects a need for greater specificity in research communication.
OUTCOMES MEASUREMENT IN EARLY-STAGE MEMORY LOSS INTERVENTIONS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Souza Anita Marie , Kim Boeun , Miyawaki Christina , Belza Basia , Lee Mee Kyung , Vogel Mia , Chu Frances , Su Yan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Psychosocial and psychoeducational groups are widely recommended for individuals with early stage Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, measurement challenges have hindered researchers’ efforts to demonstrate the efficacy of these groups. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify common measurement tools used in interventions for individuals with early stage ADRD and to develop suggestions for future investigations. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched; 102 studies were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were set to capture intervention studies that utilized quantifiable measures with participants over age 50. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (73%) employed randomized controlled trial designs. Sample sizes ranged from N=20-236. Most commonly measured outcomes included depression, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life, but there was little consensus on how to best measure these outcomes. Standardization of psychosocial assessment tools are needed for future intervention studies with early stage ADRD.
USING HEALTH INFORMATION FROM AFFORDABLE WEARABLE DEVICES FOR PREDICTING IMPENDING TIPPING POINTS
Authors: Liu Jian , Heasley Beverly , Crist Janice D , Shea kimberly D , Plank Lorraine M Martin , Phillips Linda R , Peterson Rachel L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is desirable to assess older adults’ health status from their routine activities, identify tipping points based on quantitative metrics, and evaluate the potential risks. Such assessments based on infrequently measured, traditional physical performance instruments fall short of sensitivity as well as reliability. In this research, we investigate multiple types of data collected continuously from older adults wearing fitness watches, which are equipped with various wearable wireless sensors. We develop a methodology to fuse the information from multivariate data streams and define a new synthesized metric to detect significant physiological transitions that lead to tipping points. Both sensitivity- and robustness-analysis are conducted to evaluate the risks of miss-detection and false alarm. The detection results are cross-validated by the self-reported data from daily diaries and questionnaires.
CREATING A PORTAL PLUS
Authors: Phillips Linda R , Heasley Beverly , Crist Janice , Lacasse Cheryl , Martin-Plank Lorraine , liu jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Patient portals are popular health care tools. Few portals target caregiving families and few use predictive modeling to assist caregiving families make decisions about elder care options. Our goal is to incorporate the algorithms being developed for predicting tipping points in elder care to assist caregiving families visualize changes in older adults’ activity patterns, understand possible implications for continued in-home safety, and access educational information and consultation. While many patients use portals, use is restricted among persons in racial and ethnic minorities, with lower educational levels and poorer health literacy, and with fewer economic resources. The following strategies help us address these issues. Our portal archives data from affordable, wearable technology. Portal access uses similarly technology. Our educational materials use techniques known to be appealing and effective with older individuals in unique groups, e.g., results displays; fotonovelas. Input from community members/users helps maintain sensitivity to cultural appropriateness and health literacy.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IDENTIFYING A TIPPING POINT
Authors: Martin-Plank Lorraine , Martin-Plank Lori , Heasley Beverly , Lacasse Cheryl L , Phillips Linda R , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Defining a Tipping Point as seemingly abrupt, severe, and absolute vividly illustrates the end result of the consequence of not responding to impending events. Failure to detect an impending tipping point can result in unplanned consequences including falls, fractures, emergency care, a change in family caregiving situation, and a cascade of events leading to devastating permanent changes in chosen living arrangements or even death to the aging adult and the family caregiver. Proactive monitoring with a wearable device that can detect subtle changes in daily routines is a valuable tool, which caregiving families can use for decision support in accessing long term support services or planning for change in environment or level of care. Using this definition of tipping points and describing early changes can also be a valuable tool for clinicians when communicating potentially dangerous situations to the older adult and caregivers in the home or senior residential setting.
TURNING THE TIDE: PROMISING INITIATIVES IN GEROPSYCHOLOGY TRAINING AND RECRUITMENT
Authors: King Katherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The field of geropsychology continues to attract insufficient numbers, and there is a growing sense of urgency among geropsychologists to turn the tide. As a result, a number of new research and programmatic initiatives have been started to better understand the problem and begin to generate solutions. This symposium will report on several such projects, including work from a number of early career geropsychologists. In this symposium, novel theoretical and pedagogical approaches to geropsychology training will be discussed. Graham explores how individuals develop an intention to work with older adults, and describes a new scale grounded in the theory of planned behavior. Dodson and Mlinac discuss bringing quality improvement into geropsychology training at all levels, while King, Rosowsky, and Jolson report on an experiential, intergenerational volunteer program used to demystify work with older adults and facilitate recruitment. Several presentations include the voices of students themselves. King, Rosowsky, and Jolson describe graduate student reactions to volunteering with older adults such as having previous negative beliefs about aging challenged. Bloom-Charette explores the experiences of geropsychology internship applicants, who tend to fare better than generalist applicants and feel well supported. Strong focuses on the problem of attracting individuals into academic geropsychology. In looking at participant responses to a recent webinar series on the topic, it is notable that a large number felt intimidated and overwhelmed by the prospect of entering academia. Taken together, projects in this symposium offer a variety of new directions for future geropsychology research, recruitment, and educational initiatives.
DEATH OF A GRANDPARENT IN ADULTHOOD: GENDER, GRIEF, AND THE ROLE OF MIDDLE-GENERATION PARENTS
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E , Kim Kyungmin , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the death of a grandparent in adulthood is often an expected or “on-time” life event, this loss may still result in grief for adult grandchildren. Structural aspects of relationships, including gender of the grandparent, adult grandchild, and/or middle-generation parent, may affect the response such a loss elicits from adult grandchildren. Further, adult grandchildren’s relationship quality and/or coresidence with middle-generation parents may also impact the effect of grandparent loss on adult grandchildren’s grief. Using data from Wave 2 of the Family Exchanges Study (2013), we found that (a) grandsons report less grief than granddaughters, irrespective of grandparents’ or middle-generation parents’ gender; (b) relationship quality with and worry about middle-generation parents matter most for granddaughters and those who lost a maternal grandparent; and (c) worry about middle-generation parents matters most for bereaved grandchildren who coreside with middle-generation parents. Results highlight the intersection of gender and relationship quality in a multigenerational context.
ETHNICITY, DEPRESSION, AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN OLDER WOMEN
Authors: Germain Cassandra M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Women continue to have higher prevalence rates of functional impairment and depressive symptoms than men. In addition, women from certain ethnic groups experience disproportionately higher rates of ADL limitation, and are less likely to be screened for depression. The current study examines the association between race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms on functional limitations in Black, White and Hispanic women. We examined prevalence and adjusted odds of ADL limitations by race in n=9,846 women aged 50+ with low (CESD &lt;4) and high (CESD =&gt;4) depressive symptoms from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Overall, Black and Hispanic women had significantly higher rates of depression (p &lt;.001) and ADL limitations (p&lt;.001) than White women. Among those with high depressive symptoms, Black OR 1.98 [1.17, 3.34] and Hispanic OR 2.82 [1.42, 5.6] women have significantly higher rates of ADL limitations as compared to White women.
DISPARITIES OF DENTAL CARE UTILIZATION AMONG WHITE, BLACK, HISPANIC, AND ASIAN FROM 2002 TO 2016
Authors: Wu Yanyan , Zhang Wei , Wu Bei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Utilizing eight waves (2002-2016) of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), this study examines the disparities and trend of dental care utilization among dentate adults aged 50 years or older in the U.S. Findings reveal that there was a significant increase of dental care utilization among Asians and Blacks in older adults. The rates increased from 73% (95%CI: 69%-78%) to 81% (95%CI: 79%-84%) and 54% (95%CI: 52%-56%) to 60% (95%CI: 69%-62%) for Asians and Blacks respectively in the 75-79 age-group. Early in 2002, there was a linear decreasing pattern of dental care utilization with age. However, the 65-69 age-group became a turning point in 2018 with a lower rate of dental care utilization before 65-69 years of age and higher rate in the older age groups. Overall, Hispanics and Blacks had much lower rates of dental care utilization than that of Whites and Asians.
ENHANCING ACCESS AND QUALITY OF RURAL VETERANS’ CARE THROUGH TELEMEDICINE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Seaman Aaron T , Solimeo Samantha , Bair Byron 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Telemedicine, a promising approach for clinicians to provide care to patients who are unable to attend face-to-face encounters, has been embraced by the Veterans Health Administration to improve the delivery of specialty care to rural Veterans and their caregivers. Presenters in this symposium report on the potential and challenges of telemedicine in a variety of specialty care contexts. Stakeholder (Veteran, caregiver, and provider) perspectives are discussed. Hung et al.’s study examines the implementation of a teleconsultation intervention designed to connect geriatric teams with rural clinics, reporting on both patient outcomes and the challenges of implementation variability that teams encountered. Solimeo, et al.’s qualitative study of primary care providers’ experience of an osteoporosis telemedicine clinic’s outreach and care delivery demonstrates stakeholder acceptance as well as potential missed opportunities for patient and provider education. Findings from Nichols and Martindale-Adams’ mixed methods evaluation of a telephone intervention to assist caregivers of older, rural-dwelling Veterans demonstrate the impact the intervention has had on participants’ perceptions of and abilities to care for their family members and themselves. Hicken et al. present on the implementation of a videoconferencing intervention to provide in-home support to rural Veterans and their caregivers, reporting on both provider and patient/caregiver experiences of the intervention and its implementation. The four studies highlight the unique ways telemedicine can improve care and the necessity of including stakeholder perspectives across the implementation process.
ACCELERATED CHILDHOOD SKELETAL AGING IS PROTECTIVE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SARCOPENIA IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Peterson Matthew J , Froehle Andrew W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that has a multitude of adverse sequelae. Similar to other aging-related phenomenon, sarcopenia is likely the product of inputs that begin in utero and continue throughout the lifespan. We hypothesized that patterns of childhood skeletal growth predict sarcopenia status later in life. Data are from N=202 lifelong participants of the Fels Longitudinal Study (median lifetime visits=33). At the sarcopenia measure visit, participants were aged 65.8 + 10.3 years, 54% female, with body mass index of 27.5 + 4.9. Sarcopenia was defined using published sex-specific cutpoints from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry quantified appendicular lean mass/height2. Childhood skeletal age was calculated from serial hand-wrist radiographs (FELS method). Residual skeletal aging (RSA) was calculated as skeletal age minus predicted chronological age at peak height growth velocity during adolescence. RSA variance was similar in both sexes, with a range of -2 (delayed skeletal aging) to +2 years (accelerated skeletal aging). In older age, 6% of males and 22% of females exhibited sarcopenia. In multivariate logistic regression models controlling for age, self-reported physical activity, and grip strength (all measured at sarcopenia visit), accelerated RSA was protective of sarcopenia (Adjusted OR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.35-0.94). This is the first study to link childhood skeletal maturation to sarcopenia later in life. Biological pathways that explain this association likely include physiological, environmental, and genetic factors that facilitate communication between bone and muscle, and span the life course. Determining their influence is the next important step in this work.
HOW DO MENTAL HEALTH TRANSITIONS SHAPE THE ROLE OF ADULT CHILDREN IN OLDER ADULTS’ SOCIAL NETWORKS?
Authors: Upenieks Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study considers the role of adult children in the core networks of older adults undergoing mental health change. Taking a multidimensional perspective of the network system, I consider (a) presence of child(ren), (b) contact with children network members, and (c) embeddedness of children within the network using longitudinal data from the United States. Parameters were estimated with generalized estimating equations from the pooled panel data. There was no evidence that mental health transitions lead to systematic forms of child reshuffling or increased contact with child ties. Children that remained in networks, however, showed increased contact with other members of the network when the parent underwent depression onset, but became less embedded when their parents had chronically high levels of depression. These patterns may have far-reaching consequences for older people and their children, which could include increased feelings of loneliness and social isolation for parent and child alike.
GENOME-WIDE LINKAGE ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES A NOVEL LOCUS FOR LONGITUDINAL GAIT SPEED CHANGE WITH AGING
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Wojczynski Mary K , Cvejkus Ryan K , Thyagarajan Bharat , Christensen Kaare , Schupf Nicole , An Ping , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gait speed is an indicator of health and function with aging. The potential genetic contributions to gait speed and its decline with aging are not well characterized. We sought to better quantify the genetic contributions to and identify potential genes and genetic variants underlying change in gait speed among older adults. To accomplish these aims, we used data from 2379 individuals belonging to 509 families in the Long Life Family Study (mean age 64 ± 12, range 30–110 years; 45% men). Gait-speed was measured over 4 meters at baseline and after an average of 7±1.1 years. Quantitative trait linkage analyses were completed using pedigree-based maximum-likelihood methods with logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores &gt; 3.3 indicating genome-wide significance. We also performed linkage analysis in the top 10% of families contributing to LOD scores to allow for heterogeneity among families (HLOD). Data were adjusted for age, sex, height and field center. At baseline, 26.9% of individuals had “low” gait-speed &lt;1.0 m/s (mean: 1.1±0.2 m/s) and gait speed declined at a rate of -0.02±0.03 m/s per year (p&lt;0.0001). Baseline and change in gait-speed were significantly heritable (h2 = 0.24-0.32, p&lt;0.05). We did not find significant evidence for linkage for baseline gait speed; however, we identified a potentially novel locus for change in gait speed on chromosome 16p (LOD 4.2). A subset of 21 families contributed to this linkage peak (HLOD = 6.83). Sequence analysis of the chromosome 16 region may yield new insight on the biology of age-related mobility decline.
TWELVE-YEAR CLINICAL TRAJECTORIES OF MULTIMORBIDITY IN OLDER ADULTS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Vetrano Davide Liborio , Roso-Llorach Albert , Fernández Sergio , Violán Concepción , Onder Graziano , Fratiglioni Laura , Calderon-Larranaga Amaia , Marengoni Alessandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The scarce knowledge of multimorbidity development hampers the effectiveness of clinical interventions. We aimed to identify multimorbidity clusters, trace their evolution in a cohort of older adults, and detect the clinical trajectories of single individuals as they move among clusters over 12 years. Population-based study including 2931 persons 60+ with ≥2 diseases participating in the SNAC-K study. A fuzzy c-means cluster algorithm was used to group participants by disease patterns at baseline and follow-ups. Migration from one cluster to another was tracked over time, and the association between the clusters and mortality was tested. At baseline 52% of participants were classified into five clinically meaningful disease clusters: psychiatric and respiratory (5%), heart (9%), respiratory and musculoskeletal (16%), cognitive and sensory impairment (10%), and eye diseases and cancer (11%). The remaining 48% of participants (unspecified group) were grouped in any cluster at baseline but greatly contributed to the other clusters at follow-ups. Multimorbidity clusters that included cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases presented a significantly higher mortality risk (odds ratios ranging 1.58–6.00) than the group not part of any clusters. Clusters characterized by cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases included 25% of the study population at baseline and 28% of participants at six years, and they accounted for 51% of deaths at six years and 57% of deaths at twelve years. Multimorbidity clusters and clinical trajectories of older adults with multimorbidity show great dynamism over time. The multimorbidity clusters and trajectories identified in this study may help identifying groups with similar needs and prognosis.