bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart monitoring of gas/temperature changes within food packaging based on natural colorants
Authors: Mohammadian Esmaeil , Alizadeh‐Sani Mahmood , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of smart packaging and innovation in common food packaging technology will greatly help to meet market needs, including consumer preference for “safe” foods, high‐quality products and mitigate the negative environmental impacts of food packaging. In addition, consumers' tendency to use natural ingredients such as pigments and biopolymers has provided the basis for their application in the food industry, including smart food packaging. Hence, smart packaging in addition to protecting food products against environmental damage can also reveal a sign (colorimetric, chemical, electric, etc.) in real time in response to any changes in the packaging conditions and food quality. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the gas/temperature‐sensitive smart films based on natural colorants and their key applications in the food packaging systems. Technological considerations associated with the natural colorant‐responsive films, smart packaging, biopolymers, and importance of natural colorants versus synthetic dyes are investigated. In practice, the most common designed colorimetric indicators for monitoring gas and temperature changes and application of relevant smart films in real food models have also been discussed. Gas and time–temperature indicators provide a rapid, reliable, and online assessment and a visual indication of the food product quality level, usually through a color change, which is directly related to gas and temperature conditions during distribution and storage of relevant food products. However, future studies need to consider main points such as cost, consumers’ acceptance, and confidence, regulatory aspects (i.e., labeling) and multifunctionality of smart packaging to be commercially sustainable.
Review article: Pre‐hospital provider clinical judgement upon arrival to the emergency department: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abetz Jeremy W , Olaussen Alexander , Jennings Paul A , Smit De Villiers , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPre‐hospital providers (PHPs) undertake initial patient assessment, often spending considerable time with patients prior to arrival at ED. However, continuity of this assessment with ongoing care of patients in the ED is limited, with repeated assessment in the ED, starting with the process of triage in hospital. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the ability of PHPs to predict patient outcomes in the ED. Manuscripts were screened and were eligible for inclusion if they included patients transported by non‐physician PHPs to the ED and assessed ability of PHPs to predict triage scores, clinical course, treatment requirements or disposition from ED. The initial search returned 10 753 unique articles. After screening and full text review, 10 studies were included in data analysis. Of these, six assessed prediction of disposition (admission versus discharge) from ED, two compared triage score application, one assessed prediction of clinical requirements and one assessed prediction of mortality prior to discharge. Prediction of admission across five studies had a pooled sensitivity of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.67–0.79) and specificity of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.85). Triage score application had weighted kappa variables of 0.409 and 0.452 indicating moderate agreement on assessment priority between PHPs and triage nurses. The ability of PHPs to assign triage scores, predict clinical course and predict disposition from the ED have mild concordance with clinical assessment by ED staff. This is an area of potential expansion in PHPs' role; however, training would be required prior to implementation.
A Numerical Study of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay Using an Unstructured Grid Model: Validation and Sensitivity to Bathymetry Representation
Authors: Cai Xun , Zhang Yinglong J. , Shen Jian , Wang Harry , Wang Zhengui , Qin Qubin , Ye Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA three‐dimensional unstructured‐grid hydrodynamic and water quality model (Semi‐implicit Cross‐scale Hydroscience Intergrated System Model‐Integrated Compartment Model) is applied successfully for Chesapeake Bay. The model is validated with observations of salinity, chlorophyll‐a, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and phytoplankton productions from the year 1991 to 1995 for the mainstem and some major tributaries, based on multiple model skill scores. Model experiments are conducted to test the importance of having (1) an accurate representation of bathymetry to correctly predict hypoxia and other processes and (2) a high‐resolution model grid for tributaries to correctly simulate water quality variables. Comparison with the model experiment results with bathymetry smoothing indicates that bathymetry smoothing, as commonly used for many systems, changes the stratification and lateral circulation pattern, resulting in more salt intrusion into shallow water regions, and an increase in the freshwater age. Consequently, a model with bathymetry smoothing can lead to an unrealistic prediction of the distribution of hypoxia and phytoplankton production. Local grid refinement shows significant improvement of model simulations on local stratification and water quality variables. Overall, the use of high‐resolution unstructured grid model leads to a faithful representation of the complex geometry, and thus a seamless cross‐scale capability for simulating water quality processes in the Bay including tributaries and tidal creeks.
Exon probe sets and bioinformatics pipelines for all levels of fish phylogenomics
Authors: Hughes Lily C. , Ortí Guillermo , Saad Hadeel , Li Chenhong , White William T. , Baldwin Carole C. , Crandall Keith A. , Arcila Dahiana , Betancur‐R Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExon markers have a long history of use in phylogenetics of ray‐finned fishes, the most diverse clade of vertebrates with more than 35,000 species. As the number of published genomes increases, it has become easier to test exons and other genetic markers for signals of ancient duplication events and filter out paralogues that can mislead phylogenetic analysis. We present seven new probe sets for current target‐capture phylogenomic protocols that capture 1,104 exons explicitly filtered for paralogues using gene trees. These seven probe sets span the diversity of teleost fishes, including four sets that target five hyperdiverse percomorph clades which together comprise ca. 17,000 species (Carangaria, Ovalentaria, Eupercaria, and Syngnatharia + Pelagiaria combined). We additionally included probes to capture legacy nuclear exons and mitochondrial markers that have been commonly used in fish phylogenetics (despite some exons being flagged for paralogues) to facilitate integration of old and new molecular phylogenetic matrices. We tested these probes experimentally for 56 fish species (eight species per probe set) and merged new exon‐capture sequence data into an existing data matrix of 1,104 exons and 300 ray‐finned fish species. We provide an optimized bioinformatics pipeline to assemble exon capture data from raw reads to alignments for downstream analysis. We show that legacy loci with known paralogues are at risk of assembling duplicated sequences with target‐capture, but we also assembled many useful orthologous sequences that can be integrated with many PCR‐generated matrices. These probe sets are a valuable resource for advancing fish phylogenomics because targeted exons can easily be extracted from increasingly available whole genome and transcriptome data sets, and also may be integrated with existing PCR‐based exon and mitochondrial data.
One‐year clinical evaluation of two high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer cements in class II restorations of primary molars
Authors: Gok Baba Merve , Kirzioglu Zuhal , Ceyhan Derya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle information exists on the clinical performance of restorative materials on primary teeth of preschool children. This study aimed to evaluate clinical performance of compomer, glass‐hybrid‐added high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer cement and zinc‐added high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer cement materials in class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars.MethodsThe study included 251 teeth of 57 patients aged 4–7 years with proximal caries in primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups, and each restorative material was randomly distributed. Dyract XP, Equia Forte and ChemFil Rock materials were placed after cavity preparation and clinically evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐square and z tests.ResultsAt the end of 12 months, a total of three restorations in Dyract XP group, 22 in Equia Forte group and 11 in ChemFil Rock group failed in retention criteria. No statistically significant difference existed between retention, colour match and surface texture criteria of all groups at 3 and 6 months, but a statistically significant difference was found at 12 months (P < 0.05).ConclusionFor class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars, the success of compomer material was superior to high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer materials.
The effects of human disturbance on the species composition, species diversity and functional diversity of a Miombo woodland in northern Malawi
Authors: Yamashina Chisato , Hara Masaya , Fujita Tomohiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances have serious impacts on ecosystems across the world. Understanding the effects of disturbance on woodlands, especially in regions where local people depend on these natural resources, is essential for sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, specifically selective logging of Brachystegia floribunda, on woodlands by comparing species composition, species diversity and functional diversity of woody plants between disturbed and undisturbed woodlands. We combined species data and functional trait data for leaves, fruits and other traits related to resource and disturbance responses to calculate functional indices (functional richness, evenness and divergence) and community‐weighted means of each trait. Shifts in taxonomic species composition were analysed using nonmetric multi‐dimensional scaling. Species composition differed significantly between disturbed and undisturbed woodlands. Tree density was greater in disturbed woodlands, whereas evenness, functional evenness and functional divergence were greater in undisturbed woodlands. In terms of forest cover, selective logging of B. floribunda appeared to have little impact on Miombo woodlands, but some shifts in functional traits, such as the shift from a deciduous to evergreen phenology, may increase the vulnerability of these ecosystems to environmental change, especially drought.
Reconciling and Reassessing the Accumulated Copying Error Model's Population‐Level Predictions for Continuous Cultural Traits
Authors: Premo L. S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe accumulated copying error (ACE) model exploits the fact that limits to human visual perception introduce proportional copying errors during cultural transmission of a continuous trait, such as the length of a tool. Archaeologists have used ACE to infer the mechanisms of cultural transmission employed in the past. But ACE's predictions apply only under “idealized” conditions in which the population contains infinitely many vertical transmission chains and the continuous trait can take any positive value. Here, I relax each assumption to show: (1) the mean and variance of a vertically transmitted continuous trait are functions of population size and number of transmission events, and (2) functional constraints weaken the cumulative effects of proportional copying error. Incorporating the effects of population size and functional constraints in future work will reduce Type I errors (falsely rejecting a true null) when inferring the cultural transmission mechanisms responsible for population‐level variation in continuous traits. [cultural evolution, cultural transmission, finite population size, functional constraints, Paleolithic, simulation, social learning]
Non‐operative management for small bowel obstruction in a virgin abdomen: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Tze W. W. , Prabhakaran Swetha , Bell Stephen , Chin Martin , Carne Peter , Warrier Satish K. , Skinner Stewart , Kong Joseph C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common general surgical presentation and there has been a shift towards non‐operative management (NOM) for patients with previous abdominal surgery. Historically, exploratory surgery has been mandated for SBO in patients with a virgin abdomen. However, there is increasing evidence for NOM in this group of patients.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A search was undertaken between 1995 and 2020 on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed. Primary outcome measures were success and failure rates, whereas secondary outcome measures were morbidity, mortality rates and identifying underlying aetiologies.ResultsSix observational studies were included, with 205 patients in the NOM and 211 patients in the operative group. There was a high success rate of 95.6% and low morbidity rate of 3.1% in the NOM group compared to 88.6% and 26% in the operative group, respectively. Both groups reported no mortalities. The most common aetiologies for SBO in a virgin abdomen were adhesions (63%), malignancy (11%), foreign body/bezoar (5%), internal hernia (4%) and volvulus (4%).ConclusionNOM for SBO is a safe and feasible option for a select group of clinically stable patients with a virgin abdomen without features of closed‐loop obstruction. Adhesions are the most common cause of SBO in this group of patients. Further large‐scale prospective clinical studies with standardized NOM modality, homogenous clinical resolution indicators and long‐term follow‐up data are warranted to allow for quantitative analysis to reinforce this evidence.
Effects of tubing degradation and pump position on extracorporeal circulation performance
Authors: Schröter Filip , Müller Torsten , Hartrumpf Martin , Ostovar Roya , Kühnel Ralf‐Uwe , Albes Johannes Maximilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal circulation (ECC) is an integral part of cardiac surgery. Yet, the contact with artificial surfaces, mechanical stress, shear, and suction forces within the ECC pose a pronounced risk for damaging the corpuscular components of the blood. These suction forces may be reduced by a repositioning of the roller pumps employed below the reservoir. Furthermore, the repeated compression of the involved silicone tubing is likely to cause degradation. We present our observations regarding changes in the ECC performance following this degradation process. In vitro experiments were performed in a standard as well as a simplified ECC setup and included measurements of pressure, effective flow, and tubing restoring force over a time frame of 12 hours with two different pump positions utilizing transit time flow measurement. Suction forces within the tubing could be significantly reduced by shifting the pump position below the reservoir. Regardless of the setup, the tubing showed significant loss of restoring force as well as effective flow over time. A shift of the pump position within the ECC setup can be recommended to prevent blood damaging negative pressures. Further research is necessary to evaluate the exact cause of the reduction of restoring force overtime as well as its risks for the patients. Finally, our results underline the importance of transit time flow measurements to collect reliable flow data.
Letter: placebo run‐in for IBS clinical trials—is it useful?
Authors: Bosman Michelle H. M. A. , Keszthelyi Daniel 
Published: October 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Hamatani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15907 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16047
Clinical characteristics of inguinal bladder hernias and total extraperitoneal repair
Authors: Hasegawa Shinichiro , Ogino Nobuo , Kanemura Takashi , Sakao Jun , Fujii Hitoshi , Kikkawa Hiroyuki , Tsujie Masaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionBladder hernia is relatively rare in cases of inguinal hernia. In some instances, bladder hernia may be treated as inguinal hernia if bladder prolapse is not recognized. Because of the rarity of inguinal bladder hernias, there are no related detailed reports from studies performed at a single institution. In our hospital, patients with suspected inguinal hernia undergo CT in the prone position, enabling the diagnosis of bladder hernia preoperatively. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of inguinal bladder hernias and consider noteworthy points in their laparoscopic treatment.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included data from 32 consecutive patients with bladder hernia in 1126 patients with inguinal hernia. In each patient, the lengths of the hernial orifice and prolapsed bladder were measured on the CT images and intraoperatively. Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair was performed in all patients, who were then followed for 1 year postoperatively.ResultsInguinal bladder hernia was detected on CT in 32 of 1126 patients (2.8%). Among them, only five (15.6%) had urological symptoms such as pollakiuria or the sensation of residual urine. The 32 patients were classified into three groups according to hernia subtype: intraperitoneal (n = 12, 37.5%), para‐peritoneal (n = 15, 46.9%), and extraperitoneal (n = 5, 15.6%). The prolapsed bladder of the extraperitoneal type was significantly shorter than that of the other subtypes. The prolapsed bladders were directly identified in the extraperitoneal space and repaired safely with TEP. One recurrence (3.1%) occurred 2 months postoperatively.ConclusionPreoperative CT and TEP are useful for the definitive diagnosis and treatment of inguinal bladder hernia.
Extraperitoneal colostomy in robotic surgery for rectal cancer using a tip‐up fenestrated grasper
Authors: Akamoto Shintaro , Imura Shin , Fujiwara Yuta , Habu Kyosuke , Konishi Yusuke , Fukuhara Tetsuji , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough extraperitoneal colostomy could reduce the risk for parastomal hernia formation, it is often technically demanding to dissect the extraperitoneal route laparoscopically. Here, we demonstrate our original surgical technique for extraperitoneal tunneling using a robotic instrument.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAfter total mesorectal excision (TME) and before specimen retrieval, the edge of the outer leaf of the parietal peritoneum was elevated by the grasper in the left hand and the tip‐up fenestrated grasper (Tip‐Up) in the right hand. The extraperitoneal tissue was opened using the scissor forceps (right hand). Then, extraperitoneal tunneling (inner tunnel) was performed using a Tip‐Up with a width of approximately 4 cm that could reach adjacent to the lateral border of the abdominal rectus muscle. A round incision was made at a preoperatively marked site on the skin. The anterior rectal sheath was cut in a cruciate fashion. The abdominal rectus muscle was split, and then the posterior rectus sheath was cut longitudinally not just below the stoma marking site but also at a slant on the lateral side. The peritoneum was dissected with care to avoid opening the peritoneum. The outer side of the tunnel was broken through to the inner tunnel using an easy blunt dissection with two fingers. Kelly forceps were introduced through the extraperitoneal tunnel along with the fingers, and the stump of the sigmoid colon was grasped and exteriorized through this tunnel.DiscussionRobotic retroperitoneal tunneling using a Tip‐Up is easy and useful for preventing parastomal hernia.
Effectiveness of a targeted and tailored pharmacist‐led intervention to improve adherence to antihypertensive drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alfian Sofa D. , van Boven Job F.M. , Abdulah Rizky , Sukandar Hadyana , Denig Petra , Hak Eelko 
Published: October 2020

AimTo assess the effects of a targeted and tailored pharmacist‐led intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are nonadherent to antihypertensive drugs.MethodsA cluster‐randomised controlled trial was conducted in 10 community health centres (CHCs) in Indonesia among T2DM patients aged ≥18 years who reported nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs according to the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS‐5). Patients in CHCs randomised to the intervention group received a tailored intervention based on their adherence barriers (eg, forgetfulness, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation and/or other drug‐related problems) using a simple question‐based flowchart at baseline and 1‐month follow‐up. Patients in control CHCs received usual care. Primary outcome was the between‐group difference in change in MARS‐5 score from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included changes in patients' blood pressure and their medication beliefs. Differences in difference in primary and secondary outcomes between groups were assessed using general linear models.ResultsIn total, 201 patients were screened for eligibility, 113 met the inclusion criteria and participated, and 89 (79%) patients had complete follow‐up. Forgetfulness (42%) and lack of knowledge (18%) were the most common adherence barriers identified at baseline. The intervention improved medication adherence by 4.62 points on the MARS‐5 scale (95% CI 0.93 to 8.34, P value = 0.008). There were no significant changes in blood pressure levels and beliefs about antihypertensive drugs.ConclusionA tailored low‐cost pharmacist‐led intervention aimed at nonadherent T2DM patients resulted in an improvement in medication adherence to antihypertensive drugs. There were no significant changes in secondary outcomes.