bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding kinetic features of hand motor preparation from single‐trial EEG using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gatti Ramiro , Atum Yanina , Schiaffino Luciano , Jochumsen Mads , Biurrun Manresa José 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBuilding accurate movement decoding models from brain signals is crucial for many biomedical applications. Predicting specific movement features, such as speed and force, before movement execution may provide additional useful information at the expense of increasing the complexity of the decoding problem. Recent attempts to predict movement speed and force from the electroencephalogram (EEG) achieved classification accuracies at or slightly above chance levels, highlighting the need for more accurate prediction strategies. Thus, the aims of this study were to accurately predict hand movement speed and force from single‐trial EEG signals and to decode neurophysiological information of motor preparation from the prediction strategies. To these ends, a decoding model based on convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) was implemented and compared against other state‐of‐the‐art prediction strategies, such as support vector machines and decision trees. ConvNets outperformed the other prediction strategies, achieving an overall accuracy of 84% in the classification of two different levels of speed and force (four‐class classification) from pre‐movement single‐trial EEG (100 ms and up to 1,600 ms prior to movement execution). Furthermore, an analysis of the ConvNet architectures suggests that the network performs a complex spatiotemporal integration of EEG data to optimize classification accuracy. These results show that movement speed and force can be accurately predicted from single‐trial EEG, and that the prediction strategies may provide useful neurophysiological information about motor preparation.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool to understand genetic conditions associated with epilepsy
Authors: Silvennoinen Katri , Balestrini Simona , Rothwell John C. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in genetics may enable a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and promote a shift to more personalised medicine in the epilepsies. At present, understanding of consequences of genetic variants mainly relies on preclinical functional work; tools for acquiring similar data from the living human brain are needed. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in particular paired‐pulse TMS protocols which depend on the function of cortical GABAergic interneuron networks, has the potential to become such a tool. For this report, we identified and reviewed 23 publications on TMS studies of cortical excitability and inhibition in 15 different genes or conditions relevant to epilepsy. Reduced short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and reduced cortical silent period (CSP) duration were the most commonly reported findings, suggesting abnormal GABAA‐ (SICI) or GABABergic (CSP) signalling. For several conditions, these findings are plausible based on established evidence of involvement of the GABAergic system; for some others, they may inform future research around such mechanisms. Challenges of TMS include lack of complete understanding of the neural underpinnings of the measures used: hypotheses and analyses should be based on existing clinical and preclinical data. Further pitfalls include gathering sufficient numbers of participants, and the effect of confounding factors, especially medications. TMS‐EEG is a unique perturbational technique to study the intrinsic properties of the cortex with excellent temporal resolution; while it has the potential to provide further information of use in interpreting effects of genetic variants, currently the links between measures and neurophysiology are less established. Despite these challenges, TMS is a tool with potential for elucidating the system‐level in vivo functional consequences of genetic variants in people carrying genetic changes of interest, providing unique insights.
Pregnancy‐related complications and risk of postpartum readmission for seizures and epilepsy: A national study
Authors: Tantillo Gabriela B. , Jetté Nathalie , Yoo Ji Yeoun , Stone Joanne , Egerman Marc , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivePeripartum seizures remain a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, recognition of high‐risk individuals is essential. We aimed to determine the rate and identify risk factors for postpartum seizure/epilepsy readmissions.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to identify index admissions for delivery and readmissions for seizures in the year 2013, defined by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for epilepsy, convulsions, and eclampsia in the primary diagnostic position. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine 30‐day readmission for seizures as well as associations between demographic, medical, psychiatric, and pregnancy‐related factors.ResultsThere were 1 633 714 index admissions for delivery, with a 30‐day readmission rate for seizures/epilepsy of 19.69 per 100 000 index admissions. The mean age of index participants was 28.6 years (SD = 5.8). Postpartum 30‐day readmissions for eclampsia represented 80% of seizure/epilepsy readmissions. Higher income was associated with lower odds of seizure/epilepsy readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34‐0.72, P = .03) for the highest income group. Eclampsia (OR = 19.9, 95% CI = 9.38‐42.2, P < .001), preexisting epilepsy (OR = 10.63, 95% CI = 6.43‐17.56, P < .001), pre‐eclampsia (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 2.31‐4.51, P < .001), and gestational hypertension (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.94‐3.98, P < .001) were associated with readmission for seizures.SignificanceReadmissions for seizures are fortunately rare, but are important to minimize given morbidity and mortality. Most seizure readmissions occurring within 30 days postpartum were coded as eclampsia rather than convulsions or pre‐existing epilepsy. These findings suggest that early identification of women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia may play a role in the prevention of postpartum seizures. Women with these risk factors should be identified to optimize care and monitored closely for seizure‐associated complications.
The combined effects of climate change and river fragmentation on the distribution of Andean Amazon fishes
Authors: Herrera‐R Guido A. , Oberdorff Thierry , Anderson Elizabeth P. , Brosse Sébastien , Carvajal‐Vallejos Fernando M. , Frederico Renata G. , Hidalgo Max , Jézéquel Céline , Maldonado Mabel , Maldonado‐Ocampo Javier A. , Ortega Hernán , Radinger Johannes , Torrente‐Vilara Gislene , Zuanon Jansen , Tedesco Pablo A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpstream range shifts of freshwater fishes have been documented in recent years due to ongoing climate change. River fragmentation by dams, presenting physical barriers, can limit the climatically induced spatial redistribution of fishes. Andean freshwater ecosystems in the Neotropical region are expected to be highly affected by these future disturbances. However, proper evaluations are still missing. Combining species distribution models and functional traits of Andean Amazon fishes, coupled with dam locations and climatic projections (2070s), we (a) evaluated the potential impacts of future climate on species ranges, (b) investigated the combined impact of river fragmentation and climate change and (c) tested the relationships between these impacts and species functional traits. Results show that climate change will induce range contraction for most of the Andean Amazon fish species, particularly those inhabiting highlands. Dams are not predicted to greatly limit future range shifts for most species (i.e., the Barrier effect). However, some of these barriers should prevent upstream shifts for a considerable number of species, reducing future potential diversity in some basins. River fragmentation is predicted to act jointly with climate change in promoting a considerable decrease in the probability of species to persist in the long‐term because of splitting species ranges in smaller fragments (i.e., the Isolation effect). Benthic and fast‐flowing water adapted species with hydrodynamic bodies are significantly associated with severe range contractions from climate change.
Concentrated versus diffused growth assets: agglomeration economies and regional cohesion
Authors: Capello Roberta , Cerisola Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe interest toward the supposed trade‐off between efficiency and equity has strongly come back to the fore within the European Union (EU) after the 2008 economic crisis. The worsening of spatial economic imbalances, in fact, opened again the debate whether the European institutions should focus their budget allocations on core areas or on peripheral areas of less developed countries, following concentrated or spatially distributed normative actions. This paper addresses the question by applying an original method to assess the relative importance of urban efficiency with respect to spatially distributed resource endowments in affecting regional inequality. An innovative two‐step procedure is applied: that first estimates a regional production function and then makes use of its output through a simulation to assess efficiency versus spatially even distribution of resources on the improvement of regional cohesion. The results show that urban efficiency gains play a relatively minor role in affecting regional disparities if compared with a spatially even distribution of production factors.
Fatty change of the liver microenvironment influences the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer
Authors: Masaki Satoshi , Hashimoto Yoshimi , Kunisho Shoma , Kimoto Akiko , Kitadai Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFatty liver is the most common cause of liver disease, and its prevalence has been increasing globally. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 10% of all cancers and metastasizes most commonly to the liver. Paget's ‘Seed and Soil’ theory of metastasis proposed that the secondary growth of cancer cells is dependent on the distal organ microenvironment. This implies that the risk of metastasis may change due to changes in the microenvironment of target organs. However, the association between steatosis, fatty change in the liver microenvironment, and liver metastasis has not been clarified. Here, we induced fatty liver conditions in BALB/c mice using a choline‐deficient high‐fat diet with 0.1% methionine (CDAHFD) and then injected the CT26 cells to produce experimental metastasis. The number of metastatic tumours was significantly increased in mice with severe fatty liver as compared to control mice. The average size of metastatic tumours was smaller in mice with moderate fatty liver than in control mice. The stromal components, including cancer‐associated fibroblasts, tumour‐associated macrophages and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, were also examined. Metastatic tumours in fatty liver showed invasive growth patterns without a fibrotic capsule. Compared to control groups, the polarization of macrophages and subtypes of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes differed depending on the extent of fatty liver progression. These results indicated that fatty changes in the liver influenced liver metastasis of CRC. Although moderate fatty changes suppress the growth of metastatic tumours in the liver, a severe fatty microenvironment may promote invasion and metastasis through alteration of the tumour microenvironment (TME).
Improvement of melting and crystallisation properties of rambutan seed fat as cocoa butter improver by two‐stage fractionation technique
Authors: Azzatul F. , Jahurul M.H.A. , Norliza J. , Norazlina M.R. , Hasmadi M. , Md. Sharifudin Shaarani , Matanjun Patricia , Lee Jau‐Shya , Shihabul A. , Wahab Noorakmar Ab. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe search for hard fats is increasing by the day due to their demand for industrial purposes. Rambutan seed fat (RSF) was fractionated prior to investigate the melting and crystallisation behaviours, triacylglycerols (TAGs), and morphology using different chromatographic and thermal techniques. The increasing trends were observed for high‐melting symmetrical monounsaturated TAGs such as 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol and 1‐palmitoyl‐3‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol in both solid fractions upon fractionation. The solid fractions (F1‐S) and (F2‐S) exhibited small peaks towards low melting area and big peaks towards high melting area with the offset temperatures of 35.29–48.75 °C and 43.58–52.70 °C with significantly higher enthalpies (93.49 and 105.13 J g−1) upon fractionation. F2‐S showed the densely packed microstructure compared to that of crude RSF and F1‐S. Based on the thermal behaviours as well as morphology of RSF fractions, cocoa butter improver could be prepared that has the potential to be utilised in chocolate manufacturing in tropical countries.
Coverage of the external prostatic region by the hybrid method compared with the conventional method of prostate low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Asakawa Isao , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Yamaki Kaori , Fujii Tomomi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the dose evaluation parameters between conventional (using loose seed alone) and hybrid (using loose seeds in combination with stranded seeds) low‐dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.MethodsBetween 2014 and July 2016, a total of 219 patients who underwent low‐dose rate brachytherapy were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (trial number: UMIN 000012780). Patients were randomized and allocated to two groups (conventional method vs hybrid method). Post‐dosimetric parameters (%D90, minimal percentage of the dose received by 90% of the prostate gland; V100, percentage of the prostate volume receiving 100% of the prescribed minimal peripheral dose; V150, percentage of the prostate volume receiving 150% of the prescribed minimal peripheral dose; %UD30, minimal percentage of the dose received by 30% of the urethra; R100, rectal volume [mL] receiving 100% of the prescribed dose) calculated at 1 month after seed implantation by computed tomography scan were compared between the two groups, as well as the post‐dosimetric parameters using the planning target volume of the prostate + 5‐mm margin.ResultsRegarding dose evaluation parameters, the prostate dose (%D90, V100, V150) and the urethral dose (%UD30) were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas V100 (+5‐mm margin) and %D90 (+5‐mm margin) were significantly higher in the hybrid method group compared with the conventional method group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present randomized study shows that the hybrid method of low‐dose rate brachytherapy can achieve a higher coverage of the periprostatic region compared with the conventional method while maintaining an acceptable level of urethral and rectal doses.
Risk reduction using trailing stop‐loss rules
Authors: Dai Bochuan , Marshall Ben R. , Nguyen Nhut H. , Visaltanachoti Nuttawat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the effectiveness of trailing stop‐loss rules which, unlike traditional stop‐loss rules, involve the sale trigger price being moved higher to protect profits as prices rise. Our results indicate that while these rules have inferior mean returns to a mean–variance optimal benchmark, they are effective at stopping losses. The trailing stop‐loss strategy reduces total risk and lessens downside risk, especially during declining market states. Transaction costs reduce the benefits of tighter stop‐loss rules, but the rules with larger stop‐loss thresholds remain useful after accounting for transaction costs.
Risk factors of severe hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus infection in tertiary care center in Thailand
Authors: Aikphaibul Puneyavee , Theerawit Tuangtip , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Wacharachaisurapol Noppadol , Jitrungruengnij Nattapong , Puthanakit Thanyawee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo determine factors associated with severe hospitalized Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐associated LRTI and to describe management in tertiary care center.MethodsRetrospective medical record review was conducted among children under 5 years old hospitalized with RSV‐associated LRTI at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Severe RSV‐associated LRTI was defined as death, mechanical ventilator, or positive pressure ventilation use, prolonged hospitalization >7 days. Factors associated with severe RSV were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFrom January 2011 to December 2016, 427 children were hospitalized. Median age was 10 months (IQR 4.2‐23.0). One hundred seventy‐four (41%) patients had severe RSV (11 deaths, 56 mechanical ventilators, 19 positive pressure ventilation, and 88 prolonged hospitalization). Factors associated with severe RSV were chronic lung disease (aOR 15.16 [4.26‐53.91]), cirrhosis/biliary atresia (aOR 15.01 [3.21‐70.32]), congenital heart disease (aOR 5.11 [1.97‐13.23]), chemotherapy (aOR 4.7 [1.34‐16.56]), and pre‐term (aOR 2.03 [1.13‐3.67]). Oxygen therapy was mainly low flow oxygen delivery. 88% of cases received bronchodilator. Parenteral antibiotics were prescribed in 37.9% of cases.ConclusionsChildren with co‐morbidities have higher risk of severe RSV‐associated LRTI. More than two‐third of patients received bronchodilator, of which was not recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics. The specific treatment and prevention for RSV are urgently needed.
Surface degradation evaluation of different self‐adhesive restorative materials after prolonged energy drinks exposure
Authors: Yazkan Başak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of energy drinks and soft beverages on the surface degradation of different self‐adhesive materials.Materials and methodsA 156 disc shaped specimens of each of the following materials were prepared: Alkasite (Cention N, CN), High viscozity glass ionomer (Equia Forte, EF), Glass Carbomer (GCP Fill, GC) (n = 52). After specimen preparations, baseline surface roughness measurements were done using a 3D non‐contact optical profilometer. Then, specimens were subdivided into 4 subgroups (n = 13) and stored in petri dish containing Red Bull; Burn; Coca‐Cola and Distilled water. The surface roughness of the specimens were measured after 1‐day, 1‐week, and 1‐month of immersion in beverages.ResultIt was observed that 1‐month Red Bull immersion revealed the highest roughness difference (ΔRa) for each self‐adhesive restorative material and this was followed by Burn. Whereas, the lowest ΔRa values were observed after 1‐day coke and distilled water immersion in all tested material groups (P < 0.05). Coke and distilled water presented the energy drinks' 1‐day immersion affect, after 1‐week immersion (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe energy drinks have a substantially damaging effect on roughness of self adhesive materials compared with soft drinks and distilled water; and this effect is increasing with exposure duration.
An insular record of the Mayan cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther, 1862) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) on an island 70 km offshore in the Honduran Caribbean
Authors: Lardizábal Claudia C. , Martínez Dilenia E. , Zamora Lesbia E. , McMahan Caleb D. , Matamoros Wilfredo A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere we report the first record of the Mayan cichlid, Mayaheros urophthalmus, occurring on an offshore island 70 km from the mainland, the most distant record from the mainland to date. Specimens were collected during several ichthyological surveys on the island of Guanaja, Honduras in November 2019. Mayan cichlids are euryhaline fishes that perform very well in fresh, brackish and marine waters. It has been hypothesized that their high tolerance to salinity and potential of using costal waterways has facilitated the colonization and expansion of M. urophthalmus.
Comparative demography of commercially important species of coral grouper, Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis, from Australia's great barrier reef and Coral Sea marine parks
Authors: Payet Samuel D. , Lowe Jake R. , Mapstone Bruce D. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Sinclair‐Taylor Tane H. , Taylor Brett M. , Waldie Peter A. , Harrison Hugo B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial and environmental variation in demographic processes of fisheries target species, such as coral grouper (Genus: Plectropomus), is important for establishing effective management and conservation strategies. Herein we compare the demography of Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis between Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), which has been subject to sustained and extensive fishing pressure, and the oceanic atolls of Australia's Coral Sea Marine Park (CSMP), where there is very limited fishing for reef fishes. Coral grouper length‐at‐age data from contemporary and historical otolith collections across 9.4 degrees of latitude showed little difference in lifetime growth between GBRMP and CSMP regions. Plectropomus laevis populations in GBRMP reefs had significantly higher rates of total mortality than populations in the CSMP. Mean maximum lengths and mean maximum ages of P. laevis were also smaller in the GBRMP than in the CSMP, even when considering populations sampled within GBRMP no‐take marine reserves (NTMRs). Plectropomus leopardus, individuals were on average smaller on fished reefs than NTMRs in the GBRMP, but all other aspects of demography were broadly similar between regions despite the negligible levels of fishing pressure in the CSMP. Similarities between regions in growth profiles and length‐at‐age comparisons of P. laevis and P. leopardus suggest that the environmental differences between the CSMP and the GBRMP may not have significant impacts on lifetime growth. Our results show that fishing may have influenced the demography of coral grouper on the GBR, particularly for the slower growing and longer lived species, P. laevis.
Scaring Nemo: Contrasting effects of observer presence on two anemonefish species
Authors: Trnski Lena , Sabetian Armagan , Lilkendey Julian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBehaviours of Clark's anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii and the dusky anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus were studied in Vanuatu. Six anemones and their resident fish were observed for typical behaviours (hiding, watching, roaming, inter‐, and intraspecific behaviour) with and without the presence of a snorkelling observer. Observer presence had significant but contrasting effects on hiding behaviour in A. clarkii and A. melanopus. Bolder anemonefish species may be able to outcompete other species in areas with high human presence.