bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White line disease: A review (1998–2018)
Authors: O’Grady S. E. , Burns T. D. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWhite line disease (WLD) is a significant pathological condition that affects the equine hoof. White line disease continues to frustrate veterinarians and farriers due to the diversity regarding the aetiology, diagnosis and especially treatment. Furthermore, WLD lacks a definitive definition as the disease becomes apparent only when the hoof wall is compromised with an extensive separation, a hoof capsule distortion is present or when lameness exists. Clinical signs can range from a minor hoof wall separation to an extensive disruption of the external laminar bond resulting in displacement of the distal phalanx within the hoof capsule. There has been a myriad of treatments and topical preparations proposed for treating WLD, but most remain controversial with few having any scientific documentation or evidence of efficacy. This review of WLD is based on the sparse information available in the veterinary literature, the large number of WLD cases treated successfully in the authors’ combined practices using conventional farriery and the relevant questions that hopefully can be answered in the future.
Ecosystem‐based fisheries management: A perspective on the critique and development of the concept
Authors: Lidström Susanna , Johnson Andrew F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.
Family Health Leaders: Lessons on Living with Li‐Fraumeni Syndrome across Generations
Authors: Pantaleao Ashley , Young Jennifer L. , Epstein Norman B. , Carlson Mae , Bremer Renée C. , Khincha Payal P. , Peters June A. , Greene Mark H. , Roy Kevin , Achatz Maria Isabel , Savage Sharon A. , Werner‐Lin Allison 
Published: October 2019

Li‐Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary disorder that confers an approximately 90% lifetime risk of cancer and requires comprehensive lifetime cancer screening. We explored healthcare roles for managing LFS‐related cancer risks and treatments that were assumed by parents, adolescents, and adult children. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 23 families. Family groupings were comprised of 2–5 members, with the younger generation in each family ranging in age from 7 to 40 years. Using grounded theory methods, we conducted open and focused coding of interview transcript content. Family members described how the role of health leader was implemented in their family, as well as factors such as maturation of a child or death of a member that determined who assumed particular roles and how these roles shifted over time. They often expressed collective responsibility for helping relatives understand LFS and implement appropriate cancer risk management. Members demonstrated their health role by attending others’ medical appointments for support or information gathering. The health leader role was intergenerational and provided the family necessary support in navigating complicated healthcare decisions. Our findings provide insight into healthcare providers regarding how LFS patients and their relatives develop unique medical decision‐making and caring roles influenced by the hereditary nature of LFS, and how these roles change over time. Providers who are attuned to family role dynamics may be better able to meet relatives’ psychosocial and medical needs by understanding how living with LFS influences the family system’s functioning and facilitating members’ support for each other.
Stress–strain curves of metallic materials and post‐necking strain hardening characterization: A review
Authors: Tu Shengwen , Ren Xiaobo , He Jianying , Zhang Zhiliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor metallic materials, standard uniaxial tensile tests with round bar specimens or flat specimens only provide accurate equivalent stress–strain curve before diffuse necking. However, for numerical modelling of problems where very large strains occur, such as plastic forming and ductile damage and fracture, understanding the post‐necking strain hardening behaviour is necessary. Also, welding is a highly complex metallurgical process, and therefore, weldments are susceptible to material discontinuities, flaws, and residual stresses. It becomes even more important to characterize the equivalent stress–strain curve in large strains of each material zone in weldments properly for structural integrity assessment. The aim of this paper is to provide a state‐of‐the‐art review on quasi‐static standard tensile test for stress–strain curves measurement of metallic materials. Meanwhile, methods available in literature for characterization of the equivalent stress–strain curve in the post‐necking regime are introduced. Novel methods with axisymmetric notched round bar specimens for accurately capturing the equivalent stress–strain curve of each material zone in weldment are presented as well. Advantages and limitations of these methods are briefly discussed.
Which practices co‐deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?
Authors: Smith Pete , Calvin Katherine , Nkem Johnson , Campbell Donovan , Cherubini Francesco , Grassi Giacomo , Korotkov Vladimir , Le Hoang Anh , Lwasa Shuaib , McElwee Pamela , Nkonya Ephraim , Saigusa Nobuko , Soussana Jean‐Francois , Taboada Miguel Angel , Manning Frances C. , Nampanzira Dorothy , Arias‐Navarro Cristina , Vizzarri Matteo , House Jo , Roe Stephanie , Cowie Annette , Rounsevell Mark , Arneth Almut 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as “land challenges”). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (>3 Gt CO2eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (>25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing‐up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.
Geographical variation in bill size provides evidence for Allen’s rule in a cosmopolitan raptor
Authors: Romano Andrea , Séchaud Robin , Roulin Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimAvian beak morphology is a good example of how anatomical structures have evolved in response to different selective pressures, such as diet and vocalizations, but also thermoregulation. The last of these functions was neglected until recently, but convincing evidence has been provided regarding the capacity of birds to regulate heat dissipation through their highly vascularized bills. According to this adaptive function and coherently with the ecogeographical “Allen's rule”, which predicts smaller body appendages in colder climates, large beaks should be favoured in warm environments. Here, we tested this prediction in the cosmopolitan common barn owl group.LocationWorld.Time period1809–2017.Major taxa studiedTyto alba species complex.MethodsWe analysed the variation in bill length relative to body size according to temperature, latitude and elevation in 7,619 barn owls. The specimens were collected by 140 museums and represent three distinct evolutionary lineages that occur in geographically separated regions and cover the entire distributional range of the species complex: the Afro‐Palaearctic Tyto alba, the Australasian Tyto javanica and the American Tyto furcata.ResultsIn the three lineages, the bill becomes larger with increasing temperature. This convergent pattern of evolution of smaller bills in colder climates is associated with a latitudinal variation in temperature, because small‐billed individuals occurred at higher latitudes than conspecifics living closer to the Equator. Moreover, in T. furcata, large‐billed birds mostly occurred at lower elevations closer to the Equator, with bill length decreasing progressively with concomitant increase in latitude and elevation.DiscussionThese findings provide evidence for the repeated evolution of bill size on a global scale that is compatible with Allen's rule. These results suggest a role of the bill as a potential heat‐exchange surface in nocturnal raptors, which are not directly exposed to solar radiation and whose bill shape evolved primarily to hunt and consume animal prey.
Forage and animal production on palisadegrass pastures growing in monoculture or as a component of integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems
Authors: de Carvalho Perivaldo , Domiciano Leandro Ferreira , Mombach Mircéia Angele , do Nascimento Hemython Luis Bandeira , Cabral Luciano da Silva , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Pereira Dalton Henrique , Pedreira Bruno Carneiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo meet the global demand for animal protein, sustainable intensification of existing livestock systems may be possible, especially through integration of livestock with crops or forestry. Thus, our objective was to compare forage production and animal performance in grass monoculture and integrated systems in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The four systems were (a) livestock (L) with Marandu palisadegrass {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster} as monoculture, (b) palisadegrass pastures integrated with eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus urograndis; hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake) arranged in three‐row groves with groves spaced 30 m apart (livestock–forestry; LF), (c) palisadegrass after two years of crops (crop–livestock; CL) and (d) palisadegrass after two years of crops with single rows of eucalyptus trees spaced 37 m apart (crop–livestock–forestry; CLF). From July 2016 to July 2017, all experimental units were continuously stocked using a variable stocking rate. Greater herbage accumulation (HA) occurred in CL and CLF in comparison with L and LF (21,310, 24,050, 19,500 and 18,890 kg DM/ha respectively). The gain per hectare of L, LF and CL (average of 932 kg ha–1) was less than CLF (1,190 kg ha–1). Average daily gain was similar among systems (0.69 kg/day). We conclude that integrated systems can support similar (LF or CL) or greater (CLF) levels of animal production than palisadegrass monocultures while increasing diversity of outputs, thereby providing a greater range of viable systems for livestock production in the Brazilian Amazon biome.
All things considered, my risk for diabetes is medium: A risk personalization process of familial risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Daack‐Hirsch Sandra , Shah Lisa L. , Jones Kaitlyn , Rocha Brenda , Doerr Megan , Gabitzsch Emily , Meese Thad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA positive family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with risk awareness and risk‐reducing behaviours among the unaffected relatives. Yet, little is known about how people with a positive family history for diabetes develop and manage their personal sense of risk.ObjectiveTo characterize two key concepts, salience and vulnerability, within the familial risk perception (FRP) model among unaffected individuals, at increased familial risk for T2D.DesignWe conducted a mixed method study. Descriptions of salience and vulnerability were collected through semi‐structured interviews. Participant's perception of self‐reported risk factors (family history, age, race/ethnicity, medical history, weight and exercise) was measured using the Perceived Risk Factors for T2D Tool and was compared to a clinical evaluation of the same risk factors.ResultsWe identified two components of salience: (a) concern for developing T2D and (b) risk awareness triggers, and two features of vulnerability: (a) statement of risk and (b) risk assessment devices. Although few participants (26%) were concordant between their perceived and clinical overall T2D risk, concordance for individual risk factors was higher, ranging from 42% (medical history) to 90% (family history).Discussion and conclusionBoth familial and non‐familial events lead people to contemplate their T2D risk, even among people who have a positive family history. Participants often downplayed their overall risk and underestimated their overall risk compared to a clinical risk assessment of the same self‐reported risk factors. Clinicians could leverage key components of the FRP process as way to engage patients in risk reduction strategies earlier.
Engagement with advice to reduce cardiovascular risk following a health check programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Alageel Samah , Gulliford Martin C. , Wright Alison , Khoshaba Bernadette , Burgess Caroline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe success of a cardiovascular health check programme depends not only on the identification of individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also on reducing CVD risk. We examined factors that might influence engagement and adherence to lifestyle change interventions and medication amongst people recently assessed at medium or high risk of CVD (>10% in the next 10 years).MethodQualitative study using individual semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using the Framework method.ResultsTwenty‐two participants (12 men, 10 women) were included in the study. Four broad themes are described: (a) the meaning of ‘risk’, (b) experiences with medication, (c) attempts at lifestyle change, and (d) perceived enablers to longer‐term change. The experience of having a health check was mostly positive and reassuring. Although participants may not have understood precisely what their CVD risk meant, many reported efforts to make lifestyle changes and take medications to reduce their risk. Individual’s experience with medications was influenced by family, friends and the media. Lifestyle change services and family and friends support facilitated longer‐term behaviour change.ConclusionsPeople generally appear to respond positively to having a CVD health check and report being motivated towards behaviour change. Some individuals at higher risk may need clearer information about the health check and the implications of being at risk of CVD. Concerns over medication use may need to be addressed in order to improve adherence. Strategies are required to facilitate engagement and promote longer‐term maintenance with lifestyle changes amongst high‐risk individuals.
Aquafaba from commercially canned chickpeas as potential egg replacer for the development of vegan mayonnaise: recipe optimisation and storage stability
Authors: Raikos Vassilios , Hayes Helen , Ni He 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAquafaba, the viscous liquid recovered from canned chickpeas, was used as egg replacer for the development of vegan mayonnaise. The textural, microstructural and physicochemical properties of mayonnaise were determined during cold storage to optimise the aquafaba‐to‐oil ratio (A/O) of the formulation (15%–25%/80%–70%). Aquafaba was capable to form a stable emulsion with an average value of droplet size distribution below 4 μm. The physical stability determined by the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) was unaffected by the A/O ratio during 21 days of storage at 4 °C. The lowest droplet size distribution was obtained for samples with a low A/O ratio (15/80%). Firmness, adhesive force and adhesiveness decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing the A/O ratio, whereas consistency remained unaffected. The oxidative stability of the oil phase was similar for all formulations and remained unaffected during storage. Aquafaba can be used effectively to replace egg in mayonnaise formulations containing oil at standard levels.
Impact of the solidification path of FeOx–SiO2 slags on the resultant inorganic polymers
Authors: Siakati Christina , Douvalis Alexios P. , Ziogas Panagiotis , Peys Arne , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAiming to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions associated with cement production, alternative binders such as inorganic polymers currently receive substantial attention and slags from the non‐ferrous metallurgy are promising precursors. However, studies that correlate their chemistry and crystallinity with the newly formed binder remain limited. In this work, the effect of three different solidification methods on glass formation and reactivity of FeOx–SiO2 slags, as well as on the molecular structure of the resultant Fe‐rich inorganic polymers, was investigated. The inorganic polymers were synthesized by mixing the slags (approximate molar ratio FeO/SiO2 = 1.6) with an alkali silicate solution (molar ratios SiO2/Na2O = 1.6 and H2O/Na2O = 25). Results demonstrated that higher cooling rates promoted higher glass formation and faster reaction kinetics when the slags were activated. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that all the slags consisted predominantly of Fe2+ ions with a minor amount of Fe3+ ions, regardless of the variability in glass content. The binder phase of all inorganic polymers consisted of iron in both Fe2+ and Fe3+ states, after 28 days of curing. After pulverizing the inorganic polymer pastes and exposing the powder to air for 28 additional days, the Fe2+ state in the binder transformed to Fe3+. The compressive strength evolution of the three slags showed that the 2‐day strength was higher for the samples with a higher amorphous fraction, while after 28 days, this influence was less pronounced.
Comparison of manual and automated auscultatory blood pressure during graded exercise among people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moore Myles N. , Picone Dean S. , Callisaya Michele L. , Srikanth Velandai , Sharman James E. , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractManual measurement of blood pressure (BP) during exercise testing is the recommended standard. Automated measurement of BP is an alternative method used during clinical exercise testing, but there is little data comparing manual and automated BP in this setting. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between manual and automated BP during a standard clinical treadmill exercise test. 416 participants (66 ± 5 years; 54% male) completed a Bruce treadmill exercise test at baseline or follow‐up within a clinical trial of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Manual and automated BP were measured simultaneously at each exercise test stage. Manual BP was measured by a technician blinded to automated BP values (Tango+, Suntech). Concordance between manual and automated BP was assessed using mean differences and intraclass correlations (ICC). Concordance between manual and automated BP across all exercise stages was excellent for systolic BP (overall mean difference: 3 ± 11 mm Hg, P = .598; ICC = 0.964 [95% CI 0.942‐0.977] and pulse pressure (overall mean difference: 2 ± 14 mm Hg, P = .595; ICC = 0.934 [95% CI 0.899‐0.956]). Concordance between manual and automated diastolic BP across all exercise stages was moderate‐to‐good (overall mean difference: 1 ± 9 mm Hg, P = .905; ICC = 0.784 [95% CI 0.672‐0.858]). Automated BP using the Tango + device is concordant with manual BP during early stages of a standard clinical exercise test. Thus, this automated method may be a suitable alternative to manual measurement of BP during clinical exercise testing.
CircRhoC promotes tumorigenicity and progression in ovarian cancer by functioning as a miR‐302e sponge to positively regulate VEGFA
Authors: Wang Li‐Li , Zong Zhi‐Hong , Liu Yao , Guan Xue , Chen Shuo , Zhao Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is a leading cause of deaths due to gynaecological malignancy. While endogenous non‐coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer have attracted attention, their roles in ovarian cancer are not known. We used qRT‐PCR to quantify expression of circRhoC in ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues. The effects of overexpressing or destruction of circRhoC on the phenotype of ovarian cancer cells were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay assesses the microRNA sponge function of circRhoC. Western blotting was used to confirm the effects of circRhoC and microRNA on target gene expression. Our results showed that circRhoC was significantly up‐regulated in ovarian cancer tissues compared to normal ovarian tissues. Overexpression of circRhoC in CAOV3 ovarian cancer cell increased cell viability, migration and invasion ability; destroying circRhoC in A2780 had the opposite effects and inhibited ovarian tumour cell A2780 dissemination in the peritoneum in vivo. We confirmed circRhoC functions as a sponge for miR‐302e to positively regulate VEGFA; FISH experiments showed that circRhoC could co‐focal with miR‐302e; besides, overexpression of miR‐302e reversed the ability of circRhoC to positively regulate VEGFA, and what's more, RIP assay showed that circRhoC could directly bind with VEGFA; besides, VEGFA expression level in ovarian cancer tissues was positively associated with circRhoC expression. In conclusion, the oncogenic effect of RhoC in ovarian cancer is at least in part due to circRhoC, which functions not only as a miR‐302e sponge to positively regulate VEGFA protein expression, but may also directly bind and modulate VEGFA expression.