bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Use of Sildenafil in Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Effect on Neonatal Tissue Oxygenation—A Retrospective Analysis of Hemodynamic Data From Participants of the Dutch STRIDER Trial
Authors: Terstappen Fieke , Richter Anne E. , Lely A. Titia , Hoebeek Freek E. , Elvan-Taspinar Ayten , Bos Arend F. , Ganzevoort Wessel , Pels Anouk , Lemmers Petra M. , Kooi Elisabeth M. W. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Sildenafil is under investigation as a potential agent to improve uteroplacental perfusion in fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the STRIDER RCT was halted after interim analysis due to futility and higher rates of persistent pulmonary hypertension and mortality in sildenafil-exposed neonates. This hypothesis-generating study within the Dutch STRIDER trial sought to understand what happened to these neonates by studying their regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) within the first 72 h after birth.Methods: Pregnant women with FGR received 25 mg placebo or sildenafil thrice daily within the Dutch STRIDER trial. We retrospectively analyzed the cerebral and renal rSO2 monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a subset of neonates admitted to two participating neonatal intensive care units, in which NIRS is part of standard care. Secondarily, blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed to aid interpretation. Differences in oxygenation levels and interaction with time (slope) between placebo- and sildenafil-exposed groups were tested using mixed effects analyses with multiple comparisons tests.Results: Cerebral rSO2 levels were not different between treatment groups (79 vs. 77%; both n = 14) with comparable slopes. Sildenafil-exposed infants (n = 5) showed lower renal rSO2 than placebo-exposed infants (n = 6) during several time intervals on day one and two. At 69–72 h, however, the sildenafil group showed higher renal rSO2 than the placebo group. Initially, diastolic blood pressure was higher and heart rate lower in the sildenafil than the placebo group, which changed during day two.Conclusions: Although limited by sample size, our data suggest that prenatal sildenafil alters renal but not cerebral oxygenation in FGR neonates during the first 72 post-natal hours. The observed changes in renal oxygenation could reflect a vasoconstrictive rebound from sildenafil. Similar changes observed in accompanying vital parameters support this hypothesis.
Wideband Absorption at Low Microwave Frequencies Assisted by Magnetic Squeezing in Metamaterials
Authors: Wang Zhenxu , Wang Jiafu , Han Yajuan , Fan Ya , Fu Xinmin , Pang Yongqiang , Yan Mingbao , Li Yongfeng , Ma Hua , Xu Zhuo , Qu Shaobo 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the magnetic squeezing effect in metamaterials is explored and applied to achieve wideband absorption in low-frequency microwave bands. To this end, a metamaterial absorber (MA) is proposed, which consists of a square lattice of a split ring resonator (SRR) placed on top of a magnetic absorbing material (MAM) layer backed by a conducting ground. In the positive resonance region of SRRs, a strong magnetic squeezing effect occurs and more concentrated magnetic field lines are confined within SRRs. This results in significant magnetic field enhancement within the MAM layer, which provides a prerequisite for high-efficiency absorption enhancement at low frequencies. To verify this method, we fabricated a prototype using a 3.0 mm thick silicone MAM sheet. Both the simulation and experiment results show that with the assistance of magnetic squeezing in the SRR array, the absorption at lower frequencies is significantly enhanced and is above 90% in 1.25–2.31 GHz under normal incidence. Furthermore, the MA exhibits satisfactory stability for different polarization states and incident angles due to the square lattice of the SRR array. This design method may find potential applications in fields such as electromagnetic compatibility, wireless communication, and others.
Physical Activity for Executive Function and Activities of Daily Living in AD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Long , Wang Lin , Jin Xiaohu , Zhang Huajiang 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically analyze the effects of physical activity on executive function, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and activities of daily living (ADLs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to provide a scientific evidence-based exercise prescription.Methods: Both Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang) were used as sources of data to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1980 and December 2019 relating to the effects of physical activity on executive function, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and ADL issues in AD patients. Sixteen eligible RCTs were ultimately included in the meta-analysis.Results: Physical activity had significant benefits on executive function [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.62, p &lt; 0.05], working memory (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.45, p &lt; 0.05), cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.47, p &lt; 0.01), and ADLs (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.19–1.16, p &lt; 0.05) among AD patients. Subgroup analysis indicated that, for executive function issues, more than 60 min per session for 16 weeks of moderate-to-high-intensity dual-task exercises or multimodal exercise had a greater effect on AD patients. For working memory and cognitive flexibility issues, 60–90 min of moderate-intensity dual-task exercises 1–4 times/week was more effective. For ADL issues, 30–90 min of multimodal exercise at 60–79% of maximal heart rate (MHR) 3–4 times/week had a greater effect on AD patients.Conclusions: Physical activity was found to lead to significant improvements in executive function, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and ADLs in AD patients and can be used as an effective method for clinical exercise intervention in these patients. However, more objective, scientific, and effective RCTs are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Psychological Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Elizabeth Tianyu , Luyten Patrick , Midgley Nick 
Published: December 2020

Background: A number of existing meta-analyses and narrative reviews have already addressed the relation between childhood adversity and depression, yet none of them has examined the specific link between emotional abuse and depression highlighted by previous research. It is no longer appropriate to regard childhood maltreatment as a unitary concept when considering its effects on subsequent depression; instead, subtypes of childhood maltreatment need to be scrutinized separately. This review addresses this significant gap by critically evaluating empirical studies examining psychological mediators of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and subsequent depression.Methods: A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted to identify eligible studies published in English between January 1980 and January 2020. Given the heterogeneous outcomes of eligible studies and the inconsistent reporting of indirect effects, a narrative synthesis, rather than a quantitative meta-analysis, was conducted. An appraisal of methodological quality was also included.Results: We identified 34 papers, comprising 18,529 adults and 3,434 adolescents, including 888 clinical participants. Our synthesis suggests that studies on mediators in the emotional abuse–depression link have focused on five clusters of intervening variables: early maladaptive schemas, cognitive-personality variables, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal styles, and stressful negative events. Only 11 studies identified the unique contribution of emotional abuse to depression by controlling for other forms of childhood maltreatment.Conclusions: Our findings support several routes with relative consistency (e.g., early maladaptive schemas, hopelessness, negative cognitive styles, brooding rumination, overall emotion dysregulation). Because psychological mediators function as a complex interrelated system, controlling for the interrelation between them is important. The evidence for the purported mediating role of the factors identified in this review should be considered with caution given the relative dearth of large-scale, adequately powered longitudinal studies. This review proposes a comprehensive multilevel theoretical framework as a basis for future research.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin vs. Placebo in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Qian Huan , Shao Fangjie , Lenahan Cameron , Shao Anwen , Li Yingjun 
Published: December 2020

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that represents a substantial public health problem. Several trials have been undertaken to investigate the role of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of MDD, but the conclusions were controversial. To examine the efficacy and safety of BTX-A vs. placebo on patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: A systematic search was conducted for all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed and Web of Science from inception to June 17, 2020. All published studies that investigated the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injections on patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD were included. The overall effect size was summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The primary outcomes of the present meta-analysis were the changes in depressive rating scale at week 6 after BTX-A injection compared with placebo. The safety of BTX-A injections also was assessed.Results: Five RCTs with a total of 417 participants (189 patients in the BTX-A group, 228 patients in placebo group) were eligible in this meta-analysis. The results indicated an overall positive effect of BTX-A injections for reducing the depressive symptoms of patients with MDD (Hedges' g, −0.82; 95% CI, −1.38 to −0.27) with large effect size. Differences are likely explained by the dose of BTX-As and the gender of the participants. Our findings also highlighted that BTX-A injections were generally well-tolerated, with only mild and temporary adverse events reported.Conclusions: The present meta-analysis provides evidence that BTX-A injections are associated with a statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms. BTX-A injections are generally safe and may provide a new, alternative option for the treatment of depression.
Behaviour change techniques in personalised care planning for older people: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmed Sadia , Heaven Anne , Lawton Rebecca , Rawlings Gregg , Sloan Claire , Clegg Andrew 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPersonalised care planning (PCP) interventions have the potential to provide better outcomes for older people and are a key focus in primary care practice. Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) can maximise effectiveness of such interventions, but it is uncertain which BCTs are most appropriate in PCP for older adults.AimTo identify BCTs used in successful PCP interventions for older people aged ≥65 years.Design and settingSystematic review.MethodThe authors searched 12 databases from date of inception to 30 September 2017. They identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions involving participants aged ≥65 years, and contextually related to PCP. Five areas of risk of bias were assessed. The Michie et al, BCT taxonomy was used for coding.ResultsTwenty-three RCTs involving 6489 participants (average age 74 years) described PCP interventions targeting the general older adult population and older people with specific long-term conditions (for example, heart disease, diabetes, stroke). Just over half of the studies were deemed to be at a low risk of bias. Eleven ‘promising’ BCTs were identified in five trials reporting significant improvements in quality of life (QoL). Six BCTs were reported in all five of these trials: ‘goal setting’, ‘action planning’, ‘problem solving’, ‘social support’, ‘instructions on how to perform a behaviour’, and ‘information on health consequences’. Modes of delivery varied.ConclusionFuture PCP interventions to improve QoL for people aged ≥65 years may benefit from focusing on six specific BCTs. Better reporting of BCTs would enhance future design and implementation of such interventions.
Use of a personalised depression intervention in primary care to prevent anxiety: a secondary study of a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Moreno-Peral Patricia , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , de Dios Luna Juan , King Michael , Nazareth Irwin , Martín-Pérez Carlos , Fernández-Alonso Carmen , Ballesta-Rodríguez María Isabel , Fernández Anna , Aiarzaguena José María , Montón-Franco Carmen , Bellón Juan Ángel 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn the predictD-intervention, GPs used a personalised biopsychosocial programme to prevent depression. This reduced the incidence of major depression by 21.0%, although the results were not statistically significant.AimTo determine whether the predictD-intervention is effective at preventing anxiety in primary care patients without depression or anxiety.Design and settingSecondary study of a cluster randomised trial with practices randomly assigned to either the predictD-intervention or usual care. This study was conducted in seven Spanish cities from October 2010 to July 2012.MethodIn each city, 10 practices and two GPs per practice, as well as four to six patients every recruiting day, were randomly selected until there were 26–27 eligible patients for each GP. The endpoint was cumulative incidence of anxiety as measured by the PRIME-MD screening tool over 18 months.ResultsA total of 3326 patients without depression and 140 GPs from 70 practices consented and were eligible to participate; 328 of these patients were removed because they had an anxiety syndrome at baseline. Of the 2998 valid patients, 2597 (86.6%) were evaluated at the end of the study. At 18 months, 10.4% (95% CI = 8.7% to 12.1%) of the patients in the predictD-intervention group developed anxiety compared with 13.1% (95% CI = 11.4% to 14.8%) in the usual-care group (absolute difference = −2.7% [95% CI = −5.1% to −0.3%]; P = 0.029).ConclusionA personalised intervention delivered by GPs for the prevention of depression provided a modest but statistically significant reduction in the incidence of anxiety.
Guidance impact on primary care prescribing rates of simple analgesia: an interrupted time series analysis in England
Authors: Reichel Hannah , Stanbrook Rhian , Johnson Hans , Proto William , Shantikumar Mary , Bakhshi Pooja , Hillman Sarah , Todkill Dan , Shantikumar Saran 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn March 2018, NHS England published guidance for clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to encourage implementation of policy to reduce primary care prescriptions of over-the-counter medications, including simple analgesia.AimTo investigate the impact of guidance publication on prescribing rates of simple analgesia (oral paracetamol, oral ibuprofen, and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in primary care; CCG guidance implementation intentions; and whether the guidance has created health inequality based on socioeconomic status.Design and settingInterrupted time series analysis of primary care prescribing data in England.MethodPractice-level prescribing data from January 2015 to March 2019 were obtained from NHS Digital. Interrupted time series analyses were used to assess the association of guidance publication with prescribing rates. The association between practice-level prescribing rates and Index of Multiple Deprivation scores before and after publication was quantified using multivariable Poisson regression. Freedom of information requests were submitted to all CCGs.ResultsThere was a statistically significant 4.4% reduction in prescribing of simple analgesia following guidance publication (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99, P = 0.027), adjusting for underlying time trend and seasonality. There was considerable diversity across CCGs in whether or how they chose to implement the guidance. Practice-level prescribing rates were greater in more deprived areas.ConclusionGuidance publication was associated with a small reduction in the prescribing rates of simple analgesia across England, without evidence of creating additional health inequality. Careful implementation by CCGs would be required to optimise cost saving to the NHS.
Етнічний, культурний та політичний чинники формування української національної ідентичності на сучасному етапі: особливості та взаємовпливи
Authors: Мороз О. Ю. 
Published: December 2020

Розглянуто проблему актуального співвідношення політичного та етнокультурного чинників формування української національної ідентичності. Показано, що національна ідентичність є комплексним та динамічним феноменом, який твориться у процесі політичної, культурної та соціально-економічної взаємодії між громадянами держави. Зазначено, що політична спільність у межах держави є необхідним, але недостатнім для виникнення стійкої національної ідентичності чинником. Зауважено, що її основою є також спільна соцієтальна культура, що має етнокультурну (мовну) основу, проте є надетнічним феноменом. Показано, що в Україні у роки незалежності головними чинниками становлення її національної ідентичності стали спільний політичний простір держави та наявність значної української етнічної більшості. Доведено, що у ситуації фактичної двомовності країни, існування значних соціокультурних відмінностей між різними регіонами України демократичний шлях розвитку був перешкодою для реалізації ідеї україноцентричної культурної гомогенізації країни. Зазначено, що після Революції Гідності російська агресія зумовила серйозні зміни у настроях українських громадян та у вітчизняному електоральному просторі, проте завдання знайти інклюзивну формулу національної ідентичності значною мірою залишається актуальним
Історико-правові аспекти формування державного управління залізничним транспортом у країнах Європи XIX ст.
Authors: Фесовець О. Р. 
Published: December 2020

Висвітлено хід формування галузі залізничного транспорту у найбільших країнах Західної та Центральної Європи ХІХ ст. (Велика Британія, Франція, Німеччина, Австро-Угорщина). Проаналізовано перші нормативні документи щодо державного регулювання будівництвом та управлінням залізницями вищезазначених країн. Розглянуто зародження державно-приватного партнерства у сфері залізничного транспорту Європи. Особливу увагу приділено формуванню та подальшому управлінню залізничною мережею на українських землях Східної Галичини, Буковини та Закарпаття як тогочасних складових Австро-Угорської імперії.
Електронне урядування у сфері державної реєстрації народження в Україні
Authors: Ангел А. А. 
Published: December 2020

Розглянуто основні організаційно-правові аспекти надання державної послуги щодо реєстрації народження. Значну увагу приділено особливостям удосконалення процедури державної реєстрації народження в Україні через запровадження веб-порталу та “пілотного” проекту “е-малятко”. Досліджено специфіку застосування аналогічних моделей реєстрації у світі. Доведено необхідність подальшого удосконалення процедури запровадження інформаційно-комунікативних технологій у сфері реєстрації народження в Україні.
Зміцнення кадрової безпеки в органах влади в Україні
Authors: Бурик З. М. 
Published: December 2020

Висвітлено основні підходи до сутності поняття “кадрова безпека”. Сформовано ознаки кадрової безпеки в органах влади. Визначено умови забезпечення кадрової безпеки в органах влади в Україні. Розроблено напрямки зміцнення кадрової безпеки в органах влади.
Оподаткування лісогосподарських підприємств України у контексті збалансованого землекористування
Authors: Дребот О. І. , Паляничко Н. І. , Данькевич С. М. 
Published: December 2020

Обґрунтовано залежність збалансованого використання сільськогосподарських земель від оптимального оподаткування лісогосподарських підприємств, що потребує державного регулювання. На підставі результатів дослідження запропоновано основні напрями реформування податкової політики у лісовій галузі України. Зазначено, щооптимальне оподаткування є ефективним економічним інструментом функціонування фінансово-економічного механізму забезпечення збалансованого використання лісових земель. Зауважено, що є необхідність перерозподілу напрямків та обсягів фінансових потоків у галузі використання лісових земель, що вимагає відповідних змін до податкового законодавства. Доведено, що економічні методи необхідно розглядати якорганічне доповнення до регуляторних, таким чином найбільший позитивний ефект приносить всебічне залучення всієї системи фінансово-економічного механізму. Підсумовано, що застосування світового досвіду та трансформація системи оподаткування лісових земель в Україні як одного з найважливіших економічних інструментів фінансово-економічного механізму забезпечення збалансованого землекористування повністю розкриє потенціал цього інструменту.
Identification of Novel Biomarkers and Pathways for Coronary Artery Calcification in Nondiabetic Patients on Hemodialysis Using Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: Chen Wei , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Sozio Stephen M. , Jaar Bernard G. , Estrella Michelle M. , Riascos-Bernal Dario F. , Wu Tong Tong , Qiu Yunping , Kurland Irwin J. , Dubin Ruth F. , Chen Yabing , Parekh Rulan S. , Bushinsky David A. , Sibinga Nicholas E.S. 
Published: December 2020

Background
A better understanding of the pathophysiology involving coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) will help to develop new therapies. We sought to identify the differences in metabolomics profiles between patients on HD with and without CAC.

Methods
In this case-control study, nested within a cohort of 568 incident patients on HD, the cases were patients without diabetes with a CAC score >100 (n=51), and controls were patients without diabetes with a CAC score of zero (n=48). We measured 452 serum metabolites in each participant. Metabolites and pathway scores were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests, partial least squares–discriminant analyses, and pathway enrichment analyses.

Results
Compared with controls, cases were older (64±13 versus 42±12 years) and were less likely to be Black (51% versus 94%). We identified three metabolites in bile-acid synthesis (chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and glycolithocholic acids) and one pathway (arginine/proline metabolism). After adjusting for demographics, higher levels of chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and glycolithocholic acids were associated with higher odds of having CAC; comparing the third with the first tertile of each bile acid, the OR was 6.34 (95% CI, 1.12 to 36.06), 6.73 (95% CI, 1.20 to 37.82), and 8.53 (95% CI, 1.50 to 48.49), respectively. These associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for coronary artery disease and medication use. Per 1 unit higher in the first principal component score, arginine/proline metabolism was associated with CAC after adjusting for demographics (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.15), and the association remained significant with additional adjustments for statin use (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.27).

Conclusions
Among patients on HD without diabetes mellitus, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and glycolithocholic acids may be potential biomarkers for CAC, and arginine/proline metabolism is a plausible mechanism to study for CAC. These findings need to be confirmed in future studies.