bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive effect of insect tea primary leaf (Malus sieboldii (Regal) Rehd.) extract on D‐galactose‐induced oxidative damage in mice
Authors: Yi Ruokun , Chen Xi , Li Wenfeng , Mu Jianfei , Tan Fang , Zhao Xin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInsect tea is consumed as a health beverage in China. The insect tea primary leaf (ITPL) is rich in bioactive substances, which are also used as traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the role of ITPL in reducing the oxidative response induced by D‐galactose in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with D‐galactose to induce oxidative damage. The effect of ITPL was tested by pathological observation, serum detection with kits, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The experimental results show that ITPL increased the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney indices of oxidized mice. ITPL increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels and reduced nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in the serum, liver, and spleen in oxidative damaged mice. The pathological observations show that ITPL reduced the oxidative damage of the liver and spleen in mice induced with D‐galactose. Simultaneously, ITPL upregulated mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cuprozinc‐superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase‐1, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1, and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and spleen of oxidized mice. ITPL had beneficial preventive effects on the oxidative damage caused by D‐galactose in mice and was more effective as an antioxidant than vitamin C. The component analysis test by high‐performance liquid chromatography indicated that ITPL contained the following seven compounds: neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, and hesperidin. ITPL is a plant with excellent antioxidant activities derived from its bioactive substances.
Effects of transient and chronic loneliness on major depression in older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Martín‐María Natalia , Caballero Francisco F. , Lara Elvira , Domènech‐Abella Joan , Haro Josep M. , Olaya Beatriz , Ayuso‐Mateos José L. , Miret Marta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe number of older adults is rapidly rising globally. Loneliness is a common problem that can deteriorate health. The aims of this work were to identify different types of loneliness (transient and chronic) and to assess their association with depression over time.MethodsA nationally representative sample from the Spanish population comprising 1190 individuals aged 50+ years was interviewed on three evaluations over a 7‐year period. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. While chronic loneliness was defined as the presence of loneliness across all three waves, transient loneliness expressed the presence of loneliness in one wave only. A 12‐month major depressive episode was assessed at each interview. After confirming the cross‐sectional relationship, a multilevel mixed‐effects model was used to examine the association between loneliness and depression.ResultsAlmost a quarter of individuals felt lonely and one out of 10 presented depression at baseline. Of the sample, 22.78% showed transient loneliness, while 6.72% presented the chronic type. People experiencing chronic loneliness were at a higher risk of presenting major depression (OR = 6.11; 95% CI = 2.62, 14.22) than those presenting transient loneliness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.19, 4.14). This association varied over time and was stronger at the first follow‐up than at the second one.ConclusionsFocusing on loneliness prevention could reduce the risk of depression. Chronic loneliness is a public health problem that should be addressed through the full participation of the political, social, and medical sectors.
How well do doctors know their patients? Evidence from a mandatory access prescription drug monitoring program
Authors: Buchmueller Thomas C. , Carey Colleen M. , Meille Giacomo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany opioid control policies target the prescribing behavior of health care providers. In this paper, we study the first comprehensive state‐level policy requiring providers to access patients' opioid history before making prescribing decisions. We compare prescribers in Kentucky, which implemented this policy in 2012, to those in a control state, Indiana. Our main difference‐in‐differences analysis uses the universe of prescriptions filled in the two states to assess how the information provided affected prescribing behavior. We find that a significant share of low‐volume providers stopped prescribing opioids altogether after the policy was implemented, though this change accounted for a small share of the reduction in total volume. The most important margin of response was to prescribe opioids to fewer patients. Although providers disproportionately discontinued treating patients whose opioid histories showed the use of multiple providers, there were also economically meaningful reductions for patients without multiple providers and single‐use acute patients.
Evaluating post‐wildfire logging‐slash cover treatment to reduce hillslope erosion after salvage logging using ground measurements and remote sensing
Authors: Robichaud Peter R. , Lewis Sarah A. , Brown Robert E. , Bone Edwin D. , Brooks Erin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContinuing long and extensive wildfire seasons in the Western US emphasize the need for better understanding of wildfire impacts including post‐fire management scenarios. Advancements in our understanding of post‐fire hillslope erosion and watershed response such as flooding, sediment yield, and debris flows have recently received considerable attention. The potential impacts of removing dead trees, called salvage logging, has been studied, however the use of remotely sensed imagery after salvage logging to evaluate spatial patterns and recovery is novel. The 2015 North Star Fire provided an opportunity to evaluate hillslope erosion reduction using two field experiments and coincidental remotely sensed imagery over 3 years. Simulated rill experiments with four flow rates were used to quantify hillslope erosion on skidder trails with and without added logging slash compared with a burned‐only control. Seven replicated hillslope silt fence plots with the same treatments were also evaluated for natural rainfall events. WorldView‐2 satellite imagery was used to relate ground cover and erodible bare soil between the two experiments using multi‐temporal Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) values. Results indicate that the skid trails produced significantly more sediment (0.70 g s−1) than either the slash treated skid trail (0.34 g s−1) or controls (0.04 g s−1) with the simulated rill experiment. Similarly, under natural rainfall conditions sediment yield from hillslope silt fence plots was significantly greater for the skid trail (3.42 Mg ha−1) than either the slash treated skid trail (0.18 Mg ha−1) or controls (0 Mg ha−1). An NDVI value of 0.32 on all plots over all years corresponded to a ground cover of about 60% which is an established threshold for erosion reduction. Significant relationships between NDVI, ground cover, and sediment values suggest that NDVI may help managers evaluate ground cover and erosion potential remotely after disturbances such as a wildfire or salvage logging.
Novel insights into the function of CD24: A driving force in cancer
Authors: Altevogt Peter , Sammar Marei , Hüser Laura , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCD24 is a highly glycosylated protein with a small protein core that is linked to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol anchor. CD24 is primarily expressed by immune cells but is often overexpressed in human tumors. In cancer, CD24 is a regulator of cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Its expression is associated with poor prognosis and it is used as cancer stemness marker. Recently, CD24 on tumor cells was identified as a phagocytic inhibitor (“do not eat me” signal) having a suppressive role in tumor immunity via binding to Siglec‐10 on macrophages. This finding is reminiscent of the demonstration that soluble CD24‐Fc can dampen the immune system in autoimmune disease. In the present review, we summarize recent progress on the role of the CD24‐Siglec‐10 binding axis at the interface between tumor cells and the immune system, and the role of CD24 genetic polymorphisms in cancer. We describe the specific function of cytoplasmic CD24 and discuss the presence of CD24 on tumor‐released extracellular vesicles. Finally, we evaluate the potential of CD24‐based immunotherapy.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes inflammation‐induced dedifferentiation and systemic metastatic spread of melanoma cells
Authors: Mengoni Miriam , Braun Andreas Dominik , Gaffal Evelyn , Tüting Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand binding‐transcription factor of the basic helix‐loop‐helix family regulating multiple cellular functions such as differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammatory reactions. In neoplastic diseases, the AHR has been described to modulate proliferation and differentiation in dichotomous ways, either inhibiting or augmenting the growth of tumors. The precise role of AHR in melanoma is mostly unknown. Here, we report a functional effect of AHR activation on inflammation‐induced melanoma cell dedifferentiation and the development of lung metastases in a mouse model. Via in silico analyses of “The Cancer Genome Atlas” human melanoma cohort, we detected a correlation between AHR expression levels and a dedifferentiated melanoma cell phenotype with an invasive gene signature, which we were able to functionally recapitulate in a panel of human melanoma cell lines. Both human and mouse melanoma cell lines upregulated AHR expression after inflammatory stimulation with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Activation of AHR in human and mouse melanoma cell lines with the endogenous ligand formylindolo(3,2‐b)carbazole (FICZ) promoted inflammation‐induced dedifferentiation in vitro. Importantly, mouse melanoma cells with CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated disruption of the AHR gene showed impaired in vivo tumor growth after transplantation in the skin as well as decreased numbers of spontaneous lung metastases. Taken together, our results demonstrate a functional role for AHR expression in melanoma development and metastatic progression. This provides a scientific basis for future experiments that further dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms and assess the potential for AHR inhibition as part of multimodal melanoma treatment strategies.
Does corporate social responsibility influence firm probability of default?
Authors: Badayi Suleiman A. , Matemilola Bolaji T. , A.N Bany‐Ariffin , Wei Theng Lau 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study extends the literature on the capital structure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) firms by examining the effect of CSR on the firm probability of default using a sample of 496 firms from 17 developing countries for the period 2010–2017. This paper employs the two‐step system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique that mitigates the endogeneity problem. Our findings for the full sample show that high CSR participation reduces the firm probability of default in developing countries. Our results are robust after separating the sample into four regions. Precisely, CSR participation reduces the probability of default in Asian, Latin American, and European regions (except the African and Middle Eastern region). Overall, our findings suggest that as firms in developing countries increase their investments in CSR activities, the probability to default their obligations decreases.
Impact of implementing a multifaceted intervention to reduce rates of cesarean section: A quality‐improvement study
Authors: Zahumensky Jozef , Psenkova Petra , Dolezal Pavel , Otapkova Petra , Papcun Peter , Ferianec Vladimir , Krizko Marian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a multifaceted intervention on reducing the rate of cesarean section (CS) without negatively affecting the rate of perinatal mortality.MethodsA retrospective analysis of CS was performed before and after the implementation of a quality‐improvement (QI) intervention in a university‐affiliated teaching hospital in the Slovak Republic. All women who gave birth in 2015 (pre‐intervention) and 2018 (post‐intervention) were included. The different components of the intervention were introduced from September 2016. The main outcome was the overall rate of CS. A subanalysis by Robson groups was undertaken.ResultsAfter the implementation of the QI intervention, there was a 33.5% reduction in the rate of CS compared to the pre‐intervention period where the rate reduced from 33.7% to 22.4% (P<0.001; relative risk 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.72; Number Needed to Treat (NNT) 8.8, 95% CI 7.3–11.2). The main contributors were the reduction in elective CS for non‐obstetric reasons, a reduction in intrapartum CS for failure to progress, and an increase in the number of vaginal births after CS in the post‐intervention period.ConclusionThe implementation of the composite QI intervention led to a significant reduction in the rate of CS without affecting the rate of perinatal mortality.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on fetal vessels among obese pregnant women
Authors: Janbakhishov Turab , Çağlayan Erkan , Acet Ferruh , Altunyurt Sabahattin , Özer Erdener 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in placental hypoperfusion in obesity.MethodsThe prospective study enrolled women with a first‐trimester singleton pregnancy in Izmir, Turkey, between January and April 2011. Participants were divided into three groups: obese (body mass index [BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] >30) with cesarean delivery; normal weight (BMI <30) with vaginal delivery (NVD); and healthy controls (BMI <30) with cesarean delivery. Before delivery, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), and uterine and fetal Doppler measurements were taken. VEGF was evaluated immunohistochemically from the umbilical cord.ResultsOverall, 109 women completed the study: obesity group (n=13, 11.9%), NVD group (n=50, 45.9%), and control group (n=46, 42.2%). Serum CRP was higher in the obesity group than in the control or NVD groups (P=0.009). VEGF score was highest in the NVD group (9.39 ± 3.11), and lowest in the obesity group (4.58 ± 2.78) (P<0.001). VEGF score decreased by 0.81 for each increase in BMI of 1 (P=0.002).ConclusionsMaternal obesity was related to decreased VEGF expression. Although not supported by Doppler findings, decreased VEGF expression owing to maternal obesity might trigger endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
Applications of fluorescent materials in the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity
Authors: Guo Jiantao , Yu Hongbo , Cui Tingting 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) is important in the diagnosis of many diseases. Because ALP is used to detect biomarkers for many diseases, many researchers conduct investigations to develop ALP detection strategies. The use of fluorescent material has attracted attention because of the technique's high sensitivity and the low sample volume required. Herein, we review and discuss the working mechanisms and advantages of four main categories:DNA fluorescent probes, molecular fluorescent probes, chemical coordination‐based probes, and nanoparticle probes. Development prospects and trends are also discussed.
Visible light‐excited surface plasmon resonance charge transfer significantly improves the photocatalytic activities of ZnO semiconductor for pollutants degradation
Authors: Yasmeen Humaira , Zada Amir , Ali Sharafat , Khan Imran , Ali Wajid , Khan Waliullah , Khan Muhammad , Anwar Natasha , Ali Asif , Huerta‐Flores Ali M. , Subhan Fazle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo effectively address environmental pollution, we synthesized Au‐loaded ZnO nanocomposites and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP) under visible light irradiation. The as‐prepared nanophotocatalysts delivered much improved photocatalytic degradation activities as compared to the bare ZnO nanoparticles and 32% of the pollutant was degraded with 2AuZnO in 1 hr. These improved photoactivities are attributed to the extended visible light absorption due to the surface plasmon resonance property of the loaded Au nanoparticles. Moreover, Au nanoparticles played important role in charge separation by inducting excited electrons to the conduction band of ZnO photocatalyst and surface catalysis as confirmed from photoluminescence spectra and amount of the generated hydroxyl radicals. The trapping experiments confirmed that positive holes were the major degrading species during the photocatalytic degradation of 2‐CP. This work provides a feasible way to improve the photocatalysis by introducing a proper amount of noble metals over the surface of semiconductor photocatalysts.
Community psychology and the crisis of care
Authors: Malherbe Nick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn addition to the twinned crises of ecology and political economy, we face today a crisis of care. The crisis of care, I contend, is fundamentally a political and an ethical crisis. In this short commentary, I outline the structural (i.e., systemic) and reproductive (i.e., labour) character of this crisis, using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example. From here, I argue for the imperative to centre an expansive conception of care in critical community psychology work. Specifically, I posit that by working with and alongside activist care workers, community psychologists can assist in building socially just modalities of care. After reflecting on my work with collective caring initiatives, I offer five (tentative) guiding principles for a community psychology that is committed to addressing the crisis of care, namely: (1) commitment to building political coalitions; (2) commitment to refuting capitalist conceptions of care; (3) commitment to expanding conceptions of care; (4) commitment to embracing the psychological consequences of care work; and (5) a politicoethical commitment.
Appraisal of 5‐year recurrence‐free survival after surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yoon So Jeong , Shin Sang Hyun , Yoon So Kyung , Jung Ji Hye , You Yunghun , Han In Woong , Choi Dong Wook , Heo Jin Seok 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is regarded as incurable, with a limited survival rate after curative resection. The aim of this study was to explore long‐term survival and late recurrence of PDAC after surgery.MethodsMedical data of 859 patients who underwent resection between 1995 and 2014 were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological features of the 5‐year recurrence‐free survivors and the patients with recurrent disease after 5 years were investigated separately.ResultsAmong the 768 patients who were finally included in this study, elevated CA 19‐9, tumor size, poor differentiation, and positive lymph node metastasis were associated with recurrence. In 89 patients with 5‐year RFS, age, tumor size, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis were statistically significant predictive factors. Among these patients, disease relapse occurred in 11 patients; age was the only difference compared to those who remained free of recurrence.ConclusionsMost prognosticators failed to predict the risk of recurrence in the 5 years following surgery for PDAC, and recurrence can occur even at time points up to 100 months. Therefore, cure of PDAC cannot be guaranteed by a 5‐year recurrence‐free interval, and further studies into the inherent nature of PDAC are needed to develop adequate surveillance systems which may lead to improvements in survival.
Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of bis (arylsulfonylmethyl/arylaminosulfonylmethylazolyl) pyridines
Authors: Gunthanakkala Anil Kumar , Mangali Madhu Sekhar , Venkatapuram Padmavathi , Adivireddy Padmaja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new class of bis(arylsulfonylmethylazolyl)pyridines and bis(arylaminosulfonylmethyl‐azolyl)pyridines were synthesized from the synthetic intermediates methyl arylsulfonylacetic acid hydrazide and methyl arylaminosulfonylacetic acid hydrazide adopting a green methodology‐ultrasonication. All the synthesized compounds were resulted in higher yield and in shorter reaction times. The spectral parameters such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and microanalyzes were used to determine the structures of all the synthesized compounds and were assayed for antioxidant activity. The bis(arylaminosulfonylmethylazolyl)pyridines showed higher radical scavenging activity than the bis(arylsulfonylmethylazolyl)pyridines. Besides, unsubstituted, and methyl substituted compounds exhibited greater activity. Among all the tested compounds 8b and 11b were identified as potential antioxidants.
Asymmetric trends of extreme temperature over the Loess Plateau during 1998–2018
Authors: Ding Zhiyong , Pu Jia , Meng Lihong , Lu Ruijie , Wang Yuyang , Li Yupeng , Dong Yiyang , Wang Shuzhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA slowdown in the warming rate of the global mean surface temperature has been observed since late 1990s. However, it is still controversial whether the spatiotemporal variability of extreme temperature events will increase after global warming slowdown, and whether the regional diversity of change trends will increase. Here, we investigated the variations in extreme temperature indices over the Loess Plateau in China since 1961 and focused on the recent global warming slowdown (1998–2018). We found that, during 1961–2018, all the extreme temperature indices showed a significant warming trend and its intensity varied according to extreme temperature indices over different regions. A warming slowdown of annual mean temperature during 1998–2018 was primarily due to the slight increases of annual mean maximum temperatures (TXm) while the annual mean minimum temperature (TNm) still indicated prominently warming trends. During the recent warming slowdown period, the warm indices showed continued intensification of the warming trends, while the cold indices showed a slight cooling trend. Moreover, all extreme temperature indices showed the largest warming trend in summer and a slight cooling trend in winter. Overall, the extreme temperature events have become more diverse in spatial and temporal, indicating that regional climate are more unstable than previously reported for this region. Further analyses revealed that the extreme temperature events during the recent warming slowdown were primarily the result of the natural variability of the climate system, especially the large‐scale ocean–atmosphere interactions of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.