bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Five Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems in Selecting Thyroid Nodules for FNA
Authors: Castellana Marco , Castellana Carlo , Treglia Giorgio , Giorgino Francesco , Giovanella Luca , Russ Gilles , Trimboli Pierpaolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextUltrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) have been developed to reduce the number of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration procedures (FNA) in patients with thyroid nodules.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the ability of the 5 most common US RSSs for the appropriate selection of thyroid nodules for FNA.Data sourcesThis systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019131771). PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until March 2019.Study selectionOriginal articles reporting data on the performance of AACE/ACE/AME, ACR TI-RADS, ATA, EU-TIRADS, and K-TIRADS were included.Data extractionThe number of nodules classified as true negative, true positive, false negative, and false positive was extracted. Summary operating points were estimated using a random-effects model. Interobserver agreement was also assessed.Data synthesisTwelve studies evaluating 18 750 thyroid nodules were included. Participants were adult outpatients with thyroid nodules submitted to either FNA or core-needle biopsy or surgery and with available US images. The final diagnosis for malignant nodules was generally based on histology, while cytology was used for benign nodules. Diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) ranged from 2.2 to 4.9. A head-to-head comparison showed a higher relative DOR for ACR-TIRADS versus ATA (P = .002) or K-TIRADS (P = .002), due to a higher relative likelihood ratio for positive results.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis found a higher performance of ACR TI-RADS in selecting thyroid nodules for FNA. However, the comparison across the most common US RSSs was limited by the data available. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Targeted Analysis of Three Hormonal Systems Identifies Molecules Associated with the Presence and Severity of NAFLD
Authors: Polyzos Stergios A , Perakakis Nikolaos , Boutari Chrysoula , Kountouras Jannis , Ghaly Wael , Anastasilakis Athanasios D , Karagiannis Asterios , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate circulating levels and liver gene expression of 3 hormonal pathways associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation to identify leads towards potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
We compared circulating levels of (1) proglucagon-derived hormones (glucagon-like peptide [GLP]-1, GLP-2, glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon, major proglucagon fragment [MPGF]), (2) follistatins-activins (follistatin-like [FSTL]3, activin B), (3) IGF axis (insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1, total and intact IGF binding protein [IGFBP]-3 and IGFBP-4, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein [PAPP]-A) in 2 studies: (1) 18 individuals with early stage NAFLD versus 14 controls (study 1; early NAFLD study) and in (2) 31 individuals with biopsy proven NAFLD (15 with simple steatosis [SS] and 16 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), vs 50 controls (24 lean and 26 obese) (study 2). Liver gene expression was assessed in 22 subjects (12 controls, 5 NASH, 5 NASH-related cirrhosis).

Results
Patients in early stages of NAFLD demonstrate higher fasting MPGF and lower incremental increase of glicentin during oral glucose tolerance test than controls. In more advanced stages, FSTL3 levels are higher in NASH than simple steatosis and, within NAFLD patients, in those with more severe lobular and portal inflammation. The IGF-1/intact IGFBP-3 ratio is lower in patients with liver fibrosis. Genes encoding follistatin, activin A, activin B, and the IGF-1 receptor are higher in NASH.

Conclusion
MPGF and glicentin may be involved in early stages of NAFLD, whereas FSTL3 and IGF-1/intact IGFBP3 in the progression to NASH and liver fibrosis respectively, suggesting potential as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets.
Investigation of similarities and differences between Dance Tourism markets: the case of Patras, Greece
Authors: Zouni Georgia , Karlis Aggelos , Georgaki Ioanna 
Published: November 2019

In every corner of the world, we observe that tourism destinations, having understood the importance of dance events, try to increase the presentation of such dance events, with the aim to attract and entertain tourists. Dance tourism constitutes a part of cultural tourism since, through that, opportunities for cultural experience are provided to tourists. The main aim of the present research is the investigation of the similarities and differences between Greek and Russian dance tourists towards dance tourism in a tourism destination (Patras, Greece), regarding: (a) the Demographic characteristics, (b) attitude towards dance tourism, and (c) attitude towards Patras as a dance tourism destination. Results show that younger individuals, mainly women, that are single, of high educational level, private-sector employees mainly, and of medium income are interested in dance tourism. Moreover, several interesting results found regarding attitude towards dance tourism, and attitude towards dance tourism destinations. The contribution of this study is twofold. For both For academia, this research might deepen the understanding of dance tourism travellers and its impact on destinations products formulation. For practitioners, this kind of approach might provide new and strategically important knowledge about attracting dance tourists.
RESONANT ACOUSTIC EFFECT ON EXTRACTION OF BIRCH INNER BARK WITH ALKALI SOLUTION
Authors: Bobkova Elena Olegovna , Kostukevich Nataliya Garrievna , Ведерников Дмитрий Николаевич 
Published: November 2019

The article describes the option of intensification extraction process from the birch inner bark. The influence of acoustic action (tensile-pulse modulation) on an increase in the yield of extractive substances on an aqueous solution of alkali (1% NaOH) is discussed. The extraction results were evaluated by the solid residue, the optical density of the solution, and the content of tannins. The yield of extractive substances is increased in 1.5 time with the help of a certain generator signal (meander) with a certain frequency (in the range of 170–190 kHz) and amplitude (2.7–2.9 V). The acoustic effect makes it possible to increase the yield of extractive substances by 17% if compared with the yield with mechanical stirring. The purity of tannin can be improved by adding ethyl alcohol to the extractant. The effect of background regulation with signal power less than 1.5 mW, exceeds the effect of mechanical mixing. A meander has the greatest effect in a series of electromagnetic signals: a meander, a sine, a triangle, a rectangle. The extraction time is determined. All counterparts taken into consideration the effect occurs. The cause of this phenomenon is examined. An explanation of the results is given.
ISOLATION OF BENZOPHENANTHRIDINE ALKALOIDS FROM MACLEAYA LEAVES WITHOUT USING TOXIC SOLVENTS
Authors: Casian Igor G. , Casian Ana C. , Valica Vladimir Vasile 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to develop a new method for isolation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya leaves, which do not use toxic or ecologically dangerous solvents or reagents. According to this method, the extraction of alkaloids from the plant material is performed with 90% ethanol by percolation at 40±2 °C until 5–8 parts (V/M) of extract is obtained. The extract is acidified with sulphuric acid to pH 4.0–4.5 for sedimentation of ballast substances. After filtration or centrifugation, sulphuric acid is added to the extract to obtain the concentration of 0.1–0.12 M. Crystallisation of bisulphates of alkaloids occurs during 14 days at room temperature, then is finished in 7 days at 2–8 °C. The crude product is separated by filtration, washed with 96% ethanol and dried.
Upon purification, alkaloids pass into a concentrated aqueous solution in the form of sulphates. A major part of impurities is removed by sedimentation, the remainder – by sorption on activated carbon. Than alkaloids are crystallised again in the form of bisulphates or other salts as required.
The procedure has been created to obtain the sum of benzophenanthridine alkaloids of Macleaya in form of salicylates. This substance, named "Sanguirisal", is proposed as an active substance for preparation of pharmaceutical forms for topic administration, being much more lipophilic than sanguiritrine.
STUDY OF ADSORPTION AND KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL SORBENTS WITH RESPECT TO PLUMBUM (II) IONS
Authors: Kulichenko Evgeniya Olegovna , Mykots Lidiya Petrovna , Tukhovskaya Nina Aleksandrovna , Ligay Liliya Viniaminovna , Andreeva Ol'ga Andreyevna , Oganesyan Eduard Tonikovich 
Published: November 2019

The studies conducted are devoted to the study of the sorption capacity of water-soluble polysaccharides with respect to plumbum (II) cations and the establishment of the kinetic characteristics of the process. Fractions of water-soluble polysaccharides derived from the herb Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. (Asteraceae) of two different varieties "Dazzler" and "Purity". Raw materials were harvested during the flowering period of the plant in the Botanical Garden of the Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute. As a result of the research, the adsorption capacity of the obtained water-soluble polysaccharides to lead ions was studied.
The chemical composition of Cosmos bipinnatus is not well understood. Phenolic compounds (the presence of chalcones, aurones, phenolic acids, flavonoids) and essential oils have been studied, while information about the carbohydrate composition has hardly been found, although often this group of compounds plays a significant role in pharmacological action. The physicochemical properties of polysaccharides are practically not studied. In this study, we established a rather high sorption capacity of water-soluble polysaccharides obtained from cosmetically doubly-circular two different grades "Dazzler" and "Purity" relative to plumbum (II) ions (90 and 92.5%, respectively). The concentration of lead ions was determined at different time intervals by complexometric titration. The process of complexation proceeds in the first order.
The analysis of the obtained data allows us to conclude that it is possible to use the VRPS obtained from the cosmetically doubly-circular "Purity" and "Dazzler" varieties to extract plumbum (II) ions, and as natural detoxicants.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BERRIES OF SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF RED CUR-RANT IN CULTURE
Authors: Gorbunov Aleksey Borisovich , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhaimovna 
Published: November 2019

Red currant is a valuable food and medicinal plant widely used in industrial and amateur gardening.
The aim of this article is a summary of results of a multi-year research of the chemical composition of fruits of red currant wild-growing species and natural interspecific hybrids of different geographical origin and assessment of a possibility of use of the selections to produce interspecific hybrids.
Biochemical study of dry substance, ascorbic acid, sugars, acids, anthocyans, catechins, pectins and protopectins in red currant berries was carried out. The analyses of the chemical composition were performed by the universally accepted procedures.
The levels of variability of 8 biochemical characters of red berry fruits depending on conditions of a year were established. It was shown that the most stable biochemical character was content of dry substance in berries and the most variable one – content of catechins. More ascorbic acid accumulates in berries of Ribes atropurpureum from the Salair Ridge in comparison with the amount in berries of R. atropurpureum from the Altai Mountains. By the complex of biochemical characters of prime interest are R. atropurpureum and hybrid R. atropurpureum × R. altissimum, and by the content of dry substance, sugars and catechins – hybrid R. atropurpureum × R. vulgare. The selections are a source of 1-5 outstanding biochemical characters and promising for the use in breeding. The interspecific hybrids of red currant obtained in CSBG by the use of selections testify to the possibility of production of high yield, large-fruited cultivars with a high content of biologically active substances in berries.
STRUCTURE AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF POROUS CARBON SORBENTS FROM ASPEN BARK
Authors: Veprikova Evgeniya Vladimirovna , Ivanov Ivan Petrovich , Chesnokov Nikolay Vasil'yevich , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich 
Published: November 2019

The effect of temperature of aspen bark pre-carbonization on evolution of a porous structure and sorption properties of the carbon sorbents prepared in results of thermo alkaline activation of carbonizats with hydroxide potassium was studied. The relationship of a sorption of methylene blue and vitamin B12 by the sorbents from aspen bark to a volume and size of pores was established. It was shown, that the carbon sorbents capacity at а methylene blue are defined by pores with width 0.86–2.95 nm, and at a vitamin B12 – 3.18–6.89 nm. Comparation of the porous structures parameters and sorption properties of the carbon sorbents from aspen bark and commercial activated carbon for medical purposes was maked. Kinetic of markers sorption onto sorbents with different porous structure was studied and the corresponding rate constants were calculated. The possibility preparation of a carbon sorbent have high rate of vitamin B12 sorption (rate constant is 3.953 min–1) was shown. The determinations of a sorption capacity of sorbents in conditions assume at enterosorbents test were carry out. It was determined, that sorbents, prepped from aspen bark, exceeds the sample of industrial activated carbon for medical purposes at sorption capacity of methylene blue and vitamin B12 in 1.7 and 1.5 time, correspondingly.
LA PERVIVENCIA DE LA MEMORIA. DE LA LUCHA CONTRA EL OLVIDO A LAS ACTITUDES DE POSRESISTENCIA AL FRANQUISMO EN ANDALUCÍA
Authors: GIRÁLDEZ DÍAZ FRANCISCO JAVIER , MELERO VARGAS MIGUEL ÁNGEL 
Published: November 2019

El siguiente texto pretende llevar a cabo una aproximación a las distintas actuaciones Memoriales en Andalucía desde el golpe militar de julio de 1936, insistiendo no sólo en las estrategias de resistencia pasiva, aún no-forzada, al régimen y en la asimetría intencionada en relación con la reparación, sino también en cómo esos procesos han condicionado en los últimos cuarenta años la ausencia o el desarrollo de políticas públicas de Memoria, incidiendo en la evolución de la Memoria desde la perspectiva de las víctimas y su relación con el poder. En este sentido, hemos querido reflexionar también en la forma en la que se ha planteado la lucha contra el Olvido, como prolegómeno de los propios movimientos de recuperación de la Memoria, centrándonos en las intervenciones en fosas desde la transición, la creación y preservación de los espacios de Memoria y la resignificación de los espacios del horror; o las políticas públicas de Memoria, producto de la presión positiva y el principio de colaboración de los soportes que la sustentan.
VOZES SILENCIADAS: A DITADURA BRASILEIRA E AS MULHERES
Authors: COLLING ANA MARIA 
Published: November 2019

A história da repressão durante a ditadura militar brasileira foi uma historia de homens e as relações de gênero estavam aí excluídas. Ousar adentrar o espaço público, privado, masculino foi o que fizeram muitas mulheres ao se engajarem nas diversas organizações clandestinas existentes no Brasil durante a ditadura militar. A mulher militante cometia dois pecados aos olhos da repressão: o de se insurgir contra a política golpista, fazendo-lhe oposição e de desconsiderar o lugar destinado socialmente á mulher, rompendo os padrões estabelecidos para os dois sexos. Faziam política, coisa de homens e invadiam o espaço público, lugar de homens. As próprias organizações de esquerda não propiciavam o debate sobre as relações eminino/masculino, sobre as questões femininas, porque havia uma contradição maior a ser resolvida: a oposição entre a burguesia e o proletariado. Isto reforçava o poder masculino dentro das organizações. A repressão tinha sempre como alvo o corpo feminino, não somente para torturar, mas para ameaçar, para humilhar. Caracteriza a mulher militante como “puta comunista”, ambas as categorias desviantes dos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade, que enclausura a mulher no mundo privado e doméstico.
Bacillus methylotrophicus has potential applications against Monilinia fructicola
Authors: Yuan Xue , Hou Xu , Chang Haotian , Yang Rui , Wang Fang , Liu Yueping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiocontrol is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique used in agricultural production. We isolated and screened a bacterial strain from the soils of a peach orchard with high yield. Using biochemical and physiological analysis as well as phylogenetic sequencing data, we identified a strain of Bacillus methylotrophicus, strain XJ-C. The results of our screening trials showed that XJ-C was able to suppress M. fructicola at an inhibition rate of 81.57%. Following the application of a 1×109 CFU/mL XJ-C strain suspension to the fruits, leaves, and shoots of peach trees infected with M. fructicola, the inhibition rate reached 64.31%, 97.34%, and 64.28%, respectively. Using OM and SEM, we observed that, under the inhibition of strain XJ-C, M. fructicola mycelium and spores were abnormally shaped. Under TEM, cell walls were transparent, organelles had disappeared, and the intracellular vacuole was deformed. Thus, XJ-C has the potential to be used in biocontrol.
Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
Authors: Kulichová Katarína , Sokol Jozef , Nemeček Peter , Maliarová Mária , Maliar Tibor , Havrlentová Michaela , Kraic Ján 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe rye flour is, together with the wheat flour, the basic ingredient used in traditional bread baking. The rye grain contains many compounds with significant impacts on the consumer. Considering that, various biologically active phytochemicals were determined in extracts from mature grains of 19 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols, as well as antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and t-ferulic acid were analyzed in particular by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed differences in the amounts and activities between rye genotypes reflected variations in their genetic background. Rye grain is a remarkable source of specific phytochemicals. Genetic diversity in rye makes it possible to identify individual genotypes that have a unique content and biological activity of compounds deposited in mature grains. One subgroup of rye genotypes had higher values of antioxidant properties and concentrations of polyphenols. Other sub-group had higher proteinase inhibitory activities and contents of polyphenols. The third sub-group contained as though the universal genotypes, i.e. genotypes with average values in nearly all the measured parameters.
Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Çetin Ayşe , Erzengin S.Gamze , Alp F. Burcu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVarious combinations of zinc borate (ZB), alumina trihydrate (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were used to retard the flammability of PVC composite. Flame retardancy of samples were investigated with limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. Further testing was achieved to expose the individual and synergistic effects of flame retardant additives on heat stability, Vicat softening temperature, fusion time, microstructure, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Microstructural and thermal analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy and TG/DTA respectively. The LOI results showed that, high levels of ZB-ATH combination provided the highest LOI value of 53.4%. Although ZB and its combinations improved the fire performances of composites, they caused a small reduction at tensile strengths. When compared with plain PVC, flame retardant composites had better thermal stability. In addition to the advantages of ZB, when test results were evaluated with a holistic approach ZB-ATH-MH combination was understood to be an effective flame retardant alternative with this research.
Los sueños de Don Quijote en el cine: dinámicas transmediales
Authors: Reinstädler Janett 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
La aventura “apócrifa” de la cueva de Montesinos ocupa un lugar especial dentro del Quijote: es la única aventura del caballero que sobrepasa lo realmente posible, amén de la única de la que no tenemos ningún testigo. Este y dos otros episodios serán considerados en lo que sigue como relatos de sueños, a fin de mostrar cómo Cervantes se sirve de la indeterminación de lo onírico para establecer un diálogo intertextual con los debates barrocos en torno al sueño. Con la mirada puesta en la (inter)medialidad del cine, serán tratadas a continuación las dinámicas estéticas y semióticas desarrolladas por las adaptaciones cinematográficas más relevantes si se escribe así, se interpreta que son las adaptaciones cinematográficas del Quijote de los siglos XX y XXI, como si fuera el Quijote el de los siglos XX y XXI (y hubiera un Quijote de otros siglos). Si lo que quiere decir es que las adaptaciones cinematográficas son de los siglos XX y XXI, debería decirlo así: las adaptaciones cinematográficas más relevantes de los siglos XX y XXI del Quijote, en torno a la representación de tres episodios...o bien: las adaptaciones cinematográficas de los siglos XX y XXI más relevantes en torno a la representación de tres episodios de la novela.
Self-Directed and Lifelong Learning: A Framework for Improving Nursing Students’ Learning Skills in the Clinical Context
Authors: Al Moteri Modi Owied 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Self-directed lifelong learning is an important competency for nursing students to meet their professional development, yet it can be challenging for some students to acquire self-directed learning skills in a clinical context. A framework based on Hiemstra and Brockett’s “Person, Process, Context” model was developed to promote nurses' self-directed lifelong learning. The implication stems from our expectation that the framework can accelerate the development of interpersonal and intellectual skills valuable to a nursing student’s lifelong learning process.