bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and distribution characteristics of karst epilithic moss communities
Authors: Meng Wenping , Ren Qingqing , Tu Na , Leng Tingjiao , Dai Quanhou , Yi Xingsong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Bryophytes have an important ecological function in maintaining ecological diversity, material transformation, and energy cycles in ecosystems. In this study, bryophytes in a typical karst area were the research objects. The coverage and abundance of rocky bryophytes in established plots were recorded. The composition and distribution characteristics of the karst epilithic mosses were analyzed by importance values, a dissimilarity index and ggplot2 in R.
Results

The karst epilithic moss communities included 207 species in 93 genera and 37 families, including 185 species in 27 families and 80 genera of mosses and 22 species in 10 families and 13 genera of liverworts. The dominant families were Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Thuidiaceae, Bryaceae, Hypnaceae, Mniaceae, Entodontaceae, and Lichenaceae. The dominant species were Thuidium kanedae, Pseudosymblepharis angustata, Trichostomum involutum, Racopilum cuspidigerum, Brachythecium helminthocladum, Eurohypnum leptothallum, Hyophila involuta, Anomodon rugelii, Taxiphyllum taxirameum, and Bryohaplocladium angustifolium. Epilithic mosses in karst habitats have five life forms: turf, weft, cushion, slanting, and pendant. The main life forms we observed were turf and weft.
Conclusions

The distribution of the epilithic moss communities is closely related to their habitats. The diversity of bryophytes in areas with high forest coverage, high humidity, and abundant water and heat conditions is higher than that of bryophytes in rocky desertification habitats.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of Different Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Wienke Andreas , Surov Alexey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to diagnose breast cancer (BC)s. Diffusion weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can be used to reflect tumor microstructure. The present analysis sought to compare ADC values between molecular subtypes of BC based upon a large patient sample.Methods: MEDLINE library and SCOPUS databases were screened for the associations between ADC and molecular suptype of BC to April 2020. Primary endpoint of the systematic review was the ADC value in different BC. Overall, 28 studies were suitable for the analysis and included into the present study.Results: The included studies comprised a total of 2990 tumors. Luminal A type was diagnosed in 865 cases (28.9%), Luminal B in 899 cases (30.1%), Her-2 enriched in 597 cases (20.0%) and triple negative in 629 cases (21.0%). The mean ADC value of the Luminal A type was 0.99 × 10− 3 mm2/s [95% CI 0.94-1.04], of the Luminal B type was 0.99 × 10− 3 mm2/s [95% CI 0.89-1.05], of Her 2-enriched type was 1.02 × 10− 3 mm2/s [95% CI 0.95-1.08] and of the triple negative type was 0.99 × 10− 3 mm2/s [95% CI 0.91-1.07].Conclusions: ADC values cannot be used to discriminate between molecular subtypes of BC.
A Clinical Study Measuring Dental Aerosols with and without a HVE Device
Authors: Nulty Adam , Lefkaditis Chris , Zachrisson Patrik , Tonder Quintus Van , Yar Riaz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction;External high volume extraction devices may offer a way to reduce any aerosol particulate generated.Aims;The aim of this study was to measure the particle count during dental aerosolprocedures and compare the results to when a High Volume Extraction device is used.Design;A comparative clinical study measuring the amount of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol particulate with and without the use of an external High Volume Extraction device was undertaken.Materials and methods;In total, 10 restorative procedures were monitored with an an industrial Trotec PC220 particle counter.Interventions;An external High Volume Extraction device.Main outcome methods;The air sampler was placed at the average working distance of the clinicians involved in the study - 420mm.Results;In the present study aerosol particulate was recorded at statistically significantly increased levels during dental procedures without an external high volume extractio device versus with the device.Discussion;The null hypothesis was rejected, in that significant differences were found between the results of the amount of aerosol particle count with and without a High Volume Extraction device.Conclusion;If the results of the present study are repeated in an in vivo setting, an external high volume suction device may potentially lower the risk of transmission of viral particulate.
Factors Associated With Psychological Distress, Fear and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Hoque Nazmul , Alif Sheikh M , Salehin Masudus , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Banik Biswajit , Sharif Ahmed , Nazim Nashrin Binte , Sultana Farhana , Cross Wendy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the personal, professional and social life of Australians with some people more impacted than others. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents in Australia, including patients, frontline health and other essential service workers, and community members during Jun-2020. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and coping strategies were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the extent of psychological distress, level of fear and coping strategies while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Among 587 participants, the majority (391, 73.2%) were 30-59 years old and female (363, 61.8%). More than half (349, 59.5%) were born outside Australia and two-third (418, 71.5%) completed at least a Bachelor’s degree. The majority (401, 71.5%) had a source of income, 243 (42.3%) self-identified as a frontline worker, and 335 (58.9%) reported financial impact due to COVID-19. Comorbidities such as pre-existing mental health conditions (AOR 3.13, 95% CIs 1.12-8.75), increased smoking (8.66, 1.08-69.1) and alcohol drinking (2.39, 1.05-5.47) over the last four weeks, high levels of fear (2.93, 1.83-4.67) and being female (1.74, 1.15-2.65) were associated with a higher levels of psychological distress. Perceived distress due to change of employment status (4.14, 1.39-12.4), alcohol drinking (3.64, 1.54-8.58), providing care to known or suspected cases (3.64, 1.54-8.58), being female (1.56, 1.00-2.45), being 30-59 years old (2.29, 1.21-4.35) and having medium to high levels of psychological distress (2.90, 1.82-5.62) were associated with a higher level of fear; while healthcare service use in the last four weeks was associated with medium to high resilience. Conclusions: This study identified individuals who were at higher risk of distress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Australia. Specific interventions to support the mental wellbeing of these individuals should be considered in addition to the existing resources within primary healthcare settings.
Prevalence of People at Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus and the Involvement of Community Pharmacies in a National Screening Campaign: A Pioneer Action in Brazil
Authors: Correr Cassyano Januário , Coura-Vital Wendel , Frade Josélia Cintya Quintao Pena , Nascimento Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do , Nascimento Lúbia Guaima , Pinheiro Eliete Bachrany , Ferreira Wesley Magno , Reis Janice Sepúlveda , de Melo Karla Fabiana Santana , Pontarolo Roberto , Lenzi Mônica Soares Amaral , de Almeida José Vanilton , Pedrosa Hermelinda Cordeiro , João Walter da Silva Jorge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Brazil is one of top 10 countries with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting 16.8 million peoples. It is estimated that 7.7 million people (20–79 years) in the country have not yet been diagnosed, representing an under-diagnosis rate of 46%. Herein we aimed to screen people for high blood glucose or risk for developing type 2 DM (T2DM) through community pharmacies in Brazil.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in November 2018, involving 977 pharmacists from 345 municipalities in Brazil. The study evaluated people between 20 and 79 years old without a previous diagnosis of DM. Glycemia was considered high when its value was ≥ 100 mg/dL fasting and ≥ 140 mg/dL in a casual feeding state. The FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) was used to estimate the risk for developing T2DM. The prevalence of high blood glucose was estimated and the associated factors were obtained using Poisson's multivariate analysis with robust variance.
Results
During the national screening campaign, 17,580 people were tested with the majority of the consultations (78.2%) being carried out in private pharmacies. The population was composed mainly of women (59.5%) and people aged between 20 and 45 years (47.9%). The prevalence of patients with high blood glucose was 18.4% (95% CI 17.9–19.0). Considering the FINDRISC, 22.7% of people had a high or very high risk for DM. The risk factors associated with high blood glucose were: Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2, abdominal circumference > 94 cm for men and > 80 cm for women; education level below 15 years of study, no daily intake of vegetables and fruits; previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension; history of high blood glucose and family history of DM.
Conclusions
This is the largest screening study that evaluated the prevalence of high blood glucose and its associated factors in a population without a previous diagnosis, ever performed in community pharmacies in Brazil. These results may help to guide public health preventive actions and involve pharmacists in screening and education actions aimed at this undiagnosed population in a continent-size country such as Brazil.
Cervical spine fracture prediction by simple plain X-ray in ankylosing spondylitis patients after low-energy trauma
Authors: Liu Bingchuan , Yang Zhongwei , Hou Guojin , Zhou Fang , Ji Hongquan , Tian Yun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Due to various reasons, the diagnosis of cervical spine fracture (CSF) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may be missed or delayed in clinical practice.Objective To explore the prediction ability of simple plain X-ray for the possibility of CSF in AS patients who suffer from low-energy trauma (LET).Methods From January 2010 to December 2019, AS patients who experienced LET were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical data, including gender, age, body mass index, time interval between AS diagnosis and trauma, smoking or not, and a presence of continuous bony bridge between anterior margin of C1 and C2 body or not was collected. Besides, distances and angles were measured by the lateral cervical X-ray.Results 129 AS patients were divided into Fracture group (41 cases) and Non-fracture group (88 cases) based on whether CSF existed. A total of twelve parameters had significantly statistical differences between two groups (P < 0.05). According to the binary logistic regression model, four of the twelve parameters showed a further correlation with the occurrence of CSF after LET in AS patients, namely, mean Pavlov ratio (P < 0.001, OR = 0.067), Angle D (P = 0.031, OR = 1.057), Borden’s index (P = 0.042, OR = 1.131), the time interval between the AS diagnosis and the trauma (P < 0.020, OR = 0.935). Their 95% CI were (0.023 to 0.194), (1.005 to 1.112), (0.994 to 1.287), and (0.883 to 0.990), respectively. The ROC curve and the AUC further revealed the mean Pavlov ratio had the largest AUC (0.793) (95% CI: 0.873 to 0.986), whose cut-off value was 0.72 based on the highest Youden’s index value. The optimal cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity of the other three parameters were Angle D (45.65°, 61.0%, 78.4%), Borden’s index (9.79, 87.8%, 37.5%), and the time interval between AS diagnosis and trauma (15.50 years, 70.7%, 56.8%).Limitations The number of the included patients in the present study was relatively small.Conclusions Four parameters measured by simple X-ray show prediction ability for the occurrence of CSF in AS patients who encounter LET.
Inspiratory Plus Expiratory Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Versus Diaphragm Pacing for Rehabilitation in Severe COPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao Zhiling , Wang Xiaojuan , Sun Wuzhuang , Zhao Xiaoyun , Lin Yingxiang , Zhang Shu , Li Zhu , Lu Yong , Wang Wen , Gong Juanni , Liu Yan , Yu Yanxia , Li Bojun , Hu Xiujuan , Li Yuechuan , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease, which might be improved by neuromuscular electrical stimulation. To date, no trials of intervention of inspiratory plus expiratory neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of in patients with severe COPD. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter controlled trial, 120 stable patients with severe COPD who received standard medical treatment were assigned 1:1 to receive either inspiratory plus expiratory neuromuscular electrical stimulation (study intervention) or stimulation of the phrenic nerve, called diaphragm pacing (control intervention). Intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. The primary outcome was to analyze the changes in functional exercise capacity, estimated as six-minute walk distance (6MWD), following four weeks of electrical stimulation intervention.Results: The change in 6MWD was greater in the study intervention (65.53 ± 39.45m) than in the control intervention (26.66 ± 32.65m). The mean between-group difference at four weeks was 29.07 m ([95% CI, 16.098 to 42.035];  < 0.001). There was no significant between-group difference in secondary (modified Medical Research Council, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1% predicted, and FEV1 ratio forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)) outcomes after four weeks of electrical stimulation. For GOLD 4 subjects, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC had improved in the study intervention ( < 0.05). No electrical stimulation-related serious adverse events were observed in either group.Conclusion: Functional exercise capacity were significantly improved in the study intervention in stable patients with severe COPD after four weeks of treatment. Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000032681. Registered 6 May 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=53086.
Assessment of Necessity of Neuronavigation in Localization of Clavarial Extra-axial Lesions in the Setting of Limited Resources.
Authors: Soffar Hussein , Alsawy Mohamed F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuronavigation is a very beneficial tool in modern neurosurgicalpractice. However, the neuronavigation is not available in most of the hospitals in our country raising the question about its importance in localizing the clavarial extra-axial lesions and to what extent it is safe to operate without it.METHODS: We studied twenty patients with claverial extra-axial lesions who underwent surgical interventions. All lesions were preoperatively located with both neuronavigation and the usual linear measurements. Both methods were compared regarding the time consumed to localize the tumor and the accuracy of each method to anticipate the actual center of the tumor.RESULTS: The mean error of distance between the planned center of the tumor and the actual was 6.50±1.762 mm in conventional method, whereas the error was 3.85±1.309 mm in IGS method. Much more time was consumed during the Neuronavigation method including booting,registration, positioning. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean time passed in the conventional method and IGS method (2.05±0.826, 24.90±1.334, respectively), P-value<0.001.CONCLUSION: In the setting of limited resources, the linear measurement localization method seems to have an accepted accuracy in localization of clavarial extra-axial lesions and it saves more time than neuronavigation method.
Possible silent hypoxemia in a COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Siswanto  , Gani Munawar , Fauzi Aditya Rifqi , Nugroho Bagus , Agustiningsih Denny , Gunadi  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesized that silent hypoxemia is the cause of the rapid progressive respiratory failure with severe hypoxia that occurs in some patients with COVID-19 without warning. Here, we reported one COVID-19 case with the possibility of silent hypoxemia. Case presentation: A 60-year-old male presented with complaints of cough that he felt starting two weeks before admission without any breathing difficulty. Complaints were accompanied by fever, runny nose and sore throat. Vital signs examination showed blood pressure 130/75 mmHg, pulse 84 times per minute, normal respiratory rate (RR) of 21 times per minute, body temperature 36.5 C, and 99% oxygen saturation with oxygen via nasal cannula 3 liters per minute were recorded. On physical examination, an increase in vesicular sounds and crackles in both lungs were identified. Chest x-ray showed bilateral pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for COVID-19 were positive. On the third day of treatment, the patient complained of worsening of shortness of breath, but his RR was still normal with 22 times per minute. On the fifth day of treatment, the patient experienced severe shortness of breath with a RR of 38 times per minute. The patient was then intubated and his blood gas analysis showed respiratory alkalosis (pH 7.54, PaO2 58.9 mmHg, PaCO2 31.1 mmHg, HCO3 26.9 mEq/L, SaO2 94.7%). On the eighth day of treatment, his condition deteriorated starting in the morning, with blood pressure 80/40 mmHg with norepinephrine support, pulse 109 times per minute, and 72% SpO2 with ventilator. In the afternoon, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and underwent basic life support, then resumed strained breathing with return of spontaneous circulation. Blood gas analysis showed severe respiratory acidosis (pH 7.07, PaO2 58.1 mmHg, PaCO2 108.9 mmHg, HCO3 32.1 mEq /L, SaO2 78.7%). Three hours later, he suffered cardiac arrest again, but was unable to be resuscitated. The patient eventually died.Conclusions: Silent hypoxemia might be considered as an early clinical sign of deterioration of patients with COVID-19, thus, the physician may be able to intervene early and decrease its morbidity and mortality.
Molecular detection of opportunistic pathogens and insights into microbial diversity in private well water and premise plumbing
Authors: Xue Jia , Zhang Bowen , Lamori Jennifer , Shah Kinjal , Zabaleta Jovanny , Garai Jone , Taylor Christopher M. , Sherchan Samendra P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Private well water systems in rural areas that are improperly maintained will result in poor drinking water quality, loss of water supply, and pose human health risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and opportunistic pathogens in private well water in rural areas surrounding New Orleans, Louisiana. Our results confirmed the ubiquitous nature of Legionella (86.7%) and mycobacteria (68.1%) in private well water in the study area, with gene concentration ranged from 0.60 to 5.53 and 0.67 to 5.95 Log10 of GC/100 mL, respectively. Naegleria fowleri target sequence was detected in 16.8% and Escherichia coli was detected in 43.4% of the water samples. Total coliform, as well as Legionella and mycobacteria genetic markers' concentrations were significantly reduced by 3-minute flushing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data indicated that the abundance of bacterial species was significantly increased in water collected in kitchens compared with samples from wells directly. This study provided integrated knowledge on the persistence of pathogenic organisms in private well water. Further study is needed to explore the presence of clinical species of those opportunistic pathogens in private well water systems to elucidate the health risk.
Bioremediation of Ni, Al and Pb by the living cells of a resistant strain of microalga
Authors: Ahmad Nourhane , Mounsef Jihane Rahbani , Abou Tayeh Joyce , Lteif Roger 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The microalgae treatment system is an economically and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment. However, the effects of heavy metal toxicity on microalgae cells can limit the use of microalgae in the treatment of industrial effluents rich in heavy metals. In this work, we studied the effect of Ni, Cu, Al, Hg and Pb, added as single-metal solutions to the microalgae culture medium, on the growth of 20 indigenous strains belonging to a wide variety of microalgae genera. Ni and Cu were the most toxic to the strains tested. A highly tolerant strain of the Phacus genera was selected. We determined the effect of multiple combinations of Ni, Al and Pb on the cell growth of the selected strain and on the removal capacity of each metal from the microalgae culture medium. Phacus was able to grow in the multi-metal solution (Ni, 5.00 mg/L; Al, 9.94 mg/L and Pb 1.00 mg/L) and to efficiently remove the metals, with removal capacities of 8.82 ±0.16 mg/g for Ni, 2.09 ± 0.05 mg/g for Pb and 16.90 ± 0.53 mg/g for Al. The reductions of Ni, Al and Pb concentrations were 66.67, 64.28 and 79.17% respectively.
Performance improvement of wastewater treatment processes by application of machine learning
Authors: Icke O. , van Es D. M. , de Koning M. F. , Wuister J. J. G. , Ng J. , Phua K. M. , Koh Y. K. K. , Chan W. J. , Tao G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Improving wastewater treatment processes is becoming increasingly important, due to more stringent effluent quality requirements, the need to reduce energy consumption and chemical dosing. This can be achieved by applying artificial intelligence. Machine learning is implemented in two domains: (1) predictive control and (2) advanced analytics. This is currently being piloted at the integrated validation plant of PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency. (1) Primarily, predictive control is applied for optimised nutrient removal. This is obtained by application of a self-learning feedforward algorithm, which uses load prediction and machine learning, fine–tuned with feedback on ammonium effluent. Operational results with predictive control show that the load prediction has an accuracy of ≈88%. It is also shown that an up to ≈15% reduction of aeration amount is achieved compared to conventional control. It is proven that this load prediction-based control leads to stable operation and meeting effluent quality requirements as an autopilot system. (2) Additionally, advanced analytics are being developed for operational support. This is obtained by application of quantile regression neural network modelling for anomaly detection. Preliminary results illustrate the ability to autodetect process and instrument anomalies. These can be used as early warnings to deliver data-driven operational support to process operators.