bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quick Response Disaster Research: Opportunities and Challenges for a New Funding Program
Authors: Oulahen Greg , Vogel Brennan , Gouett-Hanna Chris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuick response research conducted by social scientists in the aftermath of a disaster can reveal important findings about hazards and their impacts on communities. Research to collect perishable data, or data that will change or be lost over time, immediately following disaster has been supported for decades by two programs in the United States, amassing a collection of quick response studies and an associated research culture. That culture is currently being challenged to better address power imbalances between researchers and disaster-affected participants. Until recently, Canada has not had a quick response grant program. In order to survey the state of knowledge and draw from it in helping to shape the new program in Canada, this article systematically analyzes the body of research created by the two US programs. The results reveal a wide-ranging literature: the studies are theoretically, conceptually, topically, and methodologically quite unique to one another. This diversity might appropriately reflect the nature of disasters, but the finding that many studies are not building on previous quick response research and other insights indicate opportunities for how a new grant program in Canada can contribute to growing a robust subdiscipline of disaster research.
Floss abrasion: a cautionary tale
Authors: Cooper J. , Al-Jassim D. , Barry S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The Hall technique for placement of preformed metal crowns is widely used in the UK for the management of decayed primary molar teeth. The creation of space is achieved by the placement of orthodontic separators adjacent to the tooth requiring restoration. Highlighting the first reported case of an abrasion caused by dental floss, this communication describes the clinical findings of an 8-year-old patient following placement of orthodontic separators.

Case report
An 8-year old boy attended the University Dental Hospital of Manchester for placement of orthodontic separators prior to restoration URE, ULE, LLE, and LRE with preformed metal crowns using the hall technique. The following week he presented with a 2cm abrasion to his right cheek, which had been caused by dental floss used in placement of the orthodontic separators.

Follow up
Conservative advice was given and the lesion had resolved completely at a 2-week review.

Conclusion
This case is a timely reminder of the importance of adequate lip retraction and soft tissue management during placement of orthodontic separators.
Delirium in COVID-19: epidemiology and clinical correlations in a large group of patients admitted to an academic hospital
Authors: Ticinesi Andrea , Cerundolo Nicoletta , Parise Alberto , Nouvenne Antonio , Prati Beatrice , Guerra Angela , Lauretani Fulvio , Maggio Marcello , Meschi Tiziana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelirium incidence and clinical correlates in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia are still poorly investigated.AimTo describe the epidemiology of delirium in patients hospitalized for suspect COVID-19 pneumonia during the pandemic peak in an academic hospital of Northern Italy, identify its clinical correlations and evaluate the association with mortality.MethodsThe clinical records of 852 patients admitted for suspect COVID-19 pneumonia, defined as respiratory symptoms or fever or certain history of contact with COVID-19 patients, plus chest CT imaging compatible with alveolar-interstitial pneumonia, were retrospectively analyzed. Delirium was defined after careful revision of daily clinical reports in accordance with the Confusion Assessment Method criteria. Data on age, clinical presentation, comorbidities, drugs, baseline lab tests and outcome were collected. The factors associated with delirium, and the association of delirium with mortality, were evaluated through binary logistic regression models.ResultsNinety-four patients (11%) developed delirium during stay. They were older (median age 82, interquartile range, IQR 78–89, vs 75, IQR 63–84,p < 0.001), had more neuropsychiatric comorbidities and worse respiratory exchanges at baseline. At multivariate models, delirium was independently and positively associated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.093, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.046–1.143,p < 0.001], use of antipsychotic drugs (OR 4.529, 95% CI 1.204–17.027,p = 0.025), serum urea and lactate-dehydrogenase at admission. Despite a higher mortality in patients with delirium (57% vs 30%), this association was not independent of age and respiratory parameters.ConclusionsDelirium represents a common complication of COVID-19 and a marker of severe disease course, especially in older patients with neuropsychiatric comorbidity.
Hyperechogenic Fetal Kidneys: Uncertain Diagnosis and Unpredictable Future?
Authors: Ashutosh Gupta , Anjila Aneja , Neena Bahl , Rupam Arora , Raina Sehgal Renu , Pankaj Saini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlomerulocystic kidney with increased renal echogenicity encompasses a number of renal abnormalities that might have cystic glomeruli and be a sequelae of renal obstruction. Increased echogenicity of the kidneys is a non-specific finding and a result of varied etiologies. Multiple microscopic cortical and medullary cysts, interstitial fibrosis and mesangial sclerosis are the etiopathogenesis for renal hyperechogenicity even in the absence of macrocysts. The crucial point is poor predictability of antenatal ultrasound to fully define the extent and severity of parenchymal damage and to forecast its outcome at the time of initial diagnosis. The only exception is the most severe forms of cystic dysplasia associated with severe oligohydramnios. Urinary levels of β2-microglobulin may be a valuable marker of fetal renal function. Hyperechogenic fetal kidneys may have varied etiologies and within each etiological group there may have a wide range of outcomes. Challenges lie in counseling after antenatal diagnosis of fetal hyperechogenic kidneys which carry an uncertain course and prognosis.
Conversations with Materials and Diagrams about some of the Intricacies of Oscillatory Motion
Authors: Nemirovsky Ricardo , Ferrari Giulia , Rasmussen Chris , Voigt Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article relates a case study on how a conversation with materials and diagrams – the actual use of materials and diagrams to think, imagine, explain, collaborate, design and build – featured a certain kind of interplay between material and digital components. The physical components present in this setting included a water wheel, which is a wheel driven by flow of water whose rotational motion is a classic example of chaotic dynamics regulated by Lorenz equations. Digital components allowed for real-time graphical displays corresponding to the turning of the water wheel. We selected for this article a sequence of episodes from an interview with Jake, an undergraduate student majoring in engineering. Through a micro-ethnographic analysis, we reflect on how Jake combined the responsiveness of the digital displays with the tangibility of the water wheel to gain insight into some of the intricacies of oscillatory motion.
Crisis contagion in the world trade network
Authors: Coquidé Célestin , Lages José , Shepelyansky Dima L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a model of worldwide crisis contagion based on the Google matrix analysis of the world trade network obtained from the UN Comtrade database. The fraction of bankrupted countries exhibits anon-offphase transition governed by a bankruptcy thresholdκrelated to the trade balance of the countries. Forκ>κc, the contagion is circumscribed to less than 10% of the countries, whereas, forκ<κc, the crisis is global with about 90% of the countries going to bankruptcy. We measure the total cost of the crisis during the contagion process. In addition to providing contagion scenarios, our model allows to probe the structural trading dependencies between countries. For different networks extracted from the world trade exchanges of the last two decades, the global crisis comes from the Western world. In particular, the source of the global crisis is systematically the Old Continent and The Americas (mainly US and Mexico). Besides the economy of Australia, those of Asian countries, such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, are the last to fall during the contagion. Also, the four BRIC are among the most robust countries to the world trade crisis.
Factors that support high school completion: A longitudinal examination of quality teacher‐student relationships and intentions to graduate
Authors: Burns Emma C. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionStage‐environment fit theory (SEF) posits that students leave school when their environments do not meet their needs. Quality teacher‐student relationships (QTSRs) are a critical element of students’ environments. Moreover, QTSRs help students internalize positive intentions to graduate. QTSRs and intentions to graduate have both been identified as separate determinants of high school completion. These factors may also form a longitudinal socio‐motivational process that supports graduation. However, few studies have examined such processes.MethodsThis investigation examined data from N = 4691 Australian secondary students (43% female) included in the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (LSAY) 2009 cohort. Participants were in grade 10 at Time 1 (Mage = 15.74; SD = 0.28), with a total of four annual time points examined. Longitudinal probit regression was used to examine the extent to which grade 10 QTSRs predicted students’ intentions to graduate (in grades 10 and 11), and QTSRs and intentions to graduate predicted high school completion. Multi‐class analysis and indirect effects testing were also conducted.ResultsGrade 10 QTSRs are positively associated with grade 10 intentions to graduate and grade 11 intentions to graduate (beyond the effects of grade 10 intentions to graduate). QTSRs and intentions to graduate were also positively associated with increased chances of high school completion. QTSRs were found to play a stronger role for low‐achieving students over time.ConclusionsOverall, QTSRs and intentions to graduate appear to be significantly associated with intentions to graduate and high school completion, especially for low‐achieving students. Intervention implications are signalled.
Umbilical catheter rupture
Authors: Khasawneh Wasim , Samara Dua N. , Bataineh Ziad A. 
Published: September 2020

Umbilical catheterization is commonly used as a route to provide medications and fluids to the neonates as well as for blood sampling and continuous monitoring. Although the rupture of umbilical catheters is considered as a rare, preventable complication, it has been reported several times in the literature. Healthcare providers need to be cautious with catheter placement, maintenance, and removal to prevent such a complication.
Hereby, we review the literature about this complication after presenting two incidents of umbilical venous catheter rupture in two separate patients in our neonatal ICU. One was removed easily through the umbilical stump, whereas the other required surgical exploration.
Lookout for learning: Exploring the links between drama and environmental education pedagogies
Authors: Wake Susan J. , Birdsall Sally 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental educators remain challenged by how to encourage people to make connections between environmental quality and human development in a way that is socially just and equitable for all living things. This article explores links between performance-based learning and environmental education pedagogy as one way to address this challenge. Sixteen children (8–10 years) from an Auckland primary school worked with a performance artist to present Lookout, an intimate performance by a child for an adult. Its intent was to juxtapose people’s different backgrounds, experiences and ages in a two-way communication of their view of Auckland City through an environmental lens encompassing past, present and future, while surveying the city from a vantage point. Analysis of data from focus groups with the children and interviews with their parents (also participants) showed that the Lookout process led to children developing a deeper understanding of Auckland City’s issues, a stronger sense of connection to their city, an understanding of the future, and feelings of empowerment. However, their parents’ learning was more tenuous. Three key elements to the success of Lookout for learning are identified, and it is proposed that these could be used when developing performance-based environmental education programs.
Ghana’s Bui Dam and the Contestation over Hydro Power in Africa
Authors: Gocking Roger 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe negative environmental and social consequences of the major era of hydroelectric dam building in the 1950s and 60s generated social and political opposition to similar projects by the 1990s. In Ghana, hydroelectricity’s dependence on unpredictable rainfall also undermined the attractiveness of this source of electricity. The Bui Dam, Ghana’s third hydroelectric dam, faced considerable opposition until 2006, when the Chinese government loaned money for its construction. Gocking details how Chinese companies with similar funding, and constructing infrastructure projects in general in Africa, have contributed to a second era of major dam building in that continent, although there still remains considerable contestation.
Patient Characteristics Associated With the Need for Long-Term Treatment in a Child Psychiatry Hospital After the Earthquake in Mexico City
Authors: Ulloa Rosa-Elena , Sarmiento Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study is to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the need for long-term treatment in a child psychiatry facility.Method:Demographic characteristics, diagnosis, source of referral, time elapsed between the earthquake and the request for care, and the treatment prescribed in the baseline assessment were compared between a group of subjects that required long-term treatment (LTT) and a group that was discharged after a brief intervention (D).Results:A total of 171 patients were seen, and 27% of the subjects required LTT. In general, these subjects were younger, referred from highly affected areas, presented a delay in seeking care, and were mainly diagnosed with anxiety and stress-related disorders.Conclusions:These findings suggest the need for research regarding the design of mental health programs for the early detection of psychopathology after natural disasters in children and adolescents.
A comparative study of the cooling-rate effect on rock strength reduction after microwave irradiation
Authors: Rafezi Hamed , Deyab Samir M. , Hassani Ferri , Ghoreishi-Madiseh Seyed Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA variety of machines are currently being used for mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries. A series of research works have been conducted at McGill University in the past decade to study the effects of microwave (MW) irradiation on rock mechanical properties. The idea is to enhance the excavation performance by improving the rate of penetration and decreasing the wear rate on the cutting tools. These two effects would eventually translate into economic benefits for mine operators. The effectiveness of MW on weakening rocks is proven, however the most efficient method to employ MW in mines is still under investigation. This article presents some experimental results on the effects of cooling- rate on rock strength. Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) of microwave treated samples were compared in natural air-cooled and water rapid-cooled conditions.
Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Authors: Liu Angela , Pirozzi Igor , Codabaccus Basseer M. , Stephens Frances , Francis David S. , Sammut Jesmond , Booth Mark A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCholine plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0·59 to 6·22 g/kg diet. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (3 g/kg) was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by NEFA. In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver TAG. Generally, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. The present study demonstrated that choline deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, the present study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.
Assessment of the World Food Programme summer camps in Lebanon: a model of effective interventions for vulnerable adolescents
Authors: El-Jor Claire , Rahi Berna , El Khoury Malhame Myriam , Mattar Lama , Moussa Soha , Zeeni Nadine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe World Food Programme (WFP) offers yearly health and nutrition summer camps hosting vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese children and aiming at improving physical, mental and social well-being while contributing to better social cohesion. The present study aimed to assess the 2019 WFP summer camps’ effectiveness in reaching the intended outcomes and to provide recommendations for improvement. A multi-method approach using (1) quantitative student pre-/post-surveys (n443), (2) focus group discussions and (3) key informant interviews and surveys (n42) was adopted. Mean test results showed improvements in nutrition (4·79 (sd1·9)v. 5·34 (sd2·7);t(269) = 4·51,P= 0·000) and life skills knowledge (4·97 (sd1·9)v. 5·55 (sd2);t(294) = 4·52,P= 0·000) but no improvement in health knowledge and social cohesion scores. Qualitative data revealed positive changes in social cohesion and an increase in health knowledge. In addition, there was a positive attitude towards the summer camps from students, instructors and administrators specifically regarding the integrated content, snacks and atmosphere of fun and learning. The main weaknesses identified were the short time to prepare for the camps, shortage in instructor training and short camp duration. There were also points of debate regarding sexual and reproductive health-related topics and how they should be delivered. All in all, the camps were shown to be a commendable initiative for incorporating an integrated and holistic approach in the support of education and development among vulnerable children and adolescents.
Inferring Intentions from Consequences: How Moral Judgments Shape Citizen Perceptions of Wartime Conduct
Authors: Chu Jonathan A. , Holmes Marcus , Traven David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
How people interpret the intentions of others is fundamental to politics. This article examines intention understanding in the domain of how citizens evaluate wartime conduct. Drawing on recent work in moral psychology, it argues that people are more likely to attribute intentionality to wartime actions that produce morally bad consequences than otherwise identical actions that produce morally good consequences. We test this theory with two vignette-based survey experiments. Our results show that this hypothesis holds in a variety of contexts relating to civilian casualties and the destruction of heritage sites during war. By unlocking the moral psychology of intention understanding, this article contributes to the field of political psychology in general, and more specifically to theoretical debates in International Relations (IR) about public opinion on just war doctrine.
Tidal Effects on the Surface Water Cooling Northeast of Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Li Yineng , Curchitser Enrique N. , Wang Jia , Peng Shiqiu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing a 3‐D high‐resolution ocean model, this paper explores the mechanisms that cause surface and subsurface water cooling northeast of Hainan Island during summer. Results show that two cooling centers in the regions east of Wenchang city and east of the Qiongzhou Strait occur when tides are included in the model. The cooling is primarily caused by large‐scale changes in the circulation in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) through anomalous horizontal pressure gradients caused by inhomogeneous tidal mixing between the near‐shore and off‐shore regions. East of Wenchang city, the offshore tidal currents induce upwelling that brings the near‐bottom cold water to the subsurface. For the region east of the Qiongzhou Strait, the tidally induced westward anomalous currents suppress the warm water transport from Qiongzhou Strait, resulting in a compensating intrusion of cold water from surrounding regions. In addition to the large‐scale circulation changes, the local tidal mixing also contributes to the subsurface water cooling east of the Qiongzhou Strait by mixing near‐bottom cold water with subsurface waters. Interannually, the cooling weakens or intensifies during different (cold or warm) phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This is attributed to variability in surface forcings and large‐scale circulation associated with different phases of ENSO leading to changes in stratification, which changes the tidally induced horizontal pressure gradient in the northwestern SCS.
The Impenetrable Barrier: Suppression of Chorus Wave Growth by VLF Transmitters
Authors: Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J. , Omura Yoshiharu , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid radiation belt recovery following storm time depletion involves local acceleration of multi‐MeV electrons in nonlinear interactions with VLF chorus waves. Previous studies of an apparent impenetrable barrier at L ~ 2.8 focused on diffusion and precipitation loss mechanisms for an explanation of the sharp reduction of multi‐MeV electron fluxes earthward of L ~ 3. Van Allen Probes observations for cases when the plasmasphere is contracted earthward of L ~ 3 indicate that strong coherent signals from VLF transmitters can play significant roles in the suppression of nonlinear chorus wave growth earthward of L ~ 3. As a result, local nonlinear acceleration of hundreds of keV electrons to MeV energies does not occur in this region. During the recovery of the outer radiation belt when the plasmasphere is significantly contracted, the suppression of chorus wave growth and local acceleration by the action of the transmitter waves at the outer edge of the VLF bubble contributes to the sharp inner edge of the new MeV electron population and the formation of the impenetrable barrier at L ~ 2.8.