bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of hydatidosis-related modules and key regulatory genes
Authors: Song Jijun , Song Mingxin 
Published: June 2020

Background
Echinococcosis caused by larval of Echinococcus is prevalent all over the world. Although clinical experience showed that the presence of tapeworms could not be found in liver lesions, the repeated infection and aggravation of lesions still occur in the host. Here, this study constructed a multifactor-driven disease-related dysfunction network to explore the potential molecular pathogenesis mechanism in different hosts after E.multilocularis infection.

Method
First, iTRAQ sequencing was performed on human liver infected with E.multilocularis. Second, obtained microRNAs(miRNAs) expression profiles of humans and canine infected with Echinococcus from the GEO database. In addition, we also performed differential expression analysis, protein interaction network analysis, enrichment analysis, and crosstalk analysis to obtain genes and modules related to E.multilocularis infection. Pivot analysis is used to calculate the potential regulatory effects of multiple factors on the module and identify related non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) and transcription factors(TFs). Finally, we screened the target genes of miRNAs of Echinococcus to further explore its infection mechanism.

Results
A total of 267 differentially expressed proteins from humans and 3,635 differentially expressed genes from canine were obtained. They participated in 16 human-related dysfunction modules and five canine-related dysfunction modules, respectively. Both human and canine dysfunction modules are significantly involved in BMP signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. In addition, pivot analysis found that 1,129 ncRNAs and 110 TFs significantly regulated human dysfunction modules, 158 ncRNAs and nine TFs significantly regulated canine dysfunction modules. Surprisingly, the Echinococcus miR-184 plays a role in the pathogenicity regulation by targeting nine TFs and one ncRNA in humans. Similarly, miR-184 can also cause physiological dysfunction by regulating two transcription factors in canine.

Conclusion
The results show that the miRNA-184 of Echinococcus can regulate the pathogenic process through various biological functions and pathways. The results laid a solid theoretical foundation for biologists to further explore the pathogenic mechanism of Echinococcosis.
In-vitro Antivenom Potential of Solanum dasyphyllum Methanolic Leaf and Fruit Extracts against Naja nigricollis Venom
Authors: Funmilola Adewunmi Rofiat , Abubakar Gidado , Hassan Zanna 
Published: June 2020

Solanum dasyphyllum belongs to the family of plants called Solanaceae, it is commonly called "Africa eggplant" and one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of snake envenomation in the southwestern part of Nigeria, but investigation concerning its anti-venom activity has not been established. The present study evaluates the in-vitroenzyme inhibition potential of S.dasyphyllum leaf and fruit extracts against Naja nigricollis (Black-necked spitting cobra) venom. The inhibitory potential of S. dasyphyllum leaf and fruit on proteases, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes present in the snake venom was evaluated. The methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of S. dasyphyllum inhibited the activity of all enzymes evaluated, however, the leaf extract exhibited better enzyme inhibitory effect on N. nigricollis venom when compared with the fruit. This could be due to the presence of various phytochemicals in leaf and fruit extract. This result substantiates the ethnomedicinal usage of S. dasyphyllum and would help to develop potent antidote therapy against N. nigricollis envenomation.
Prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria among Urinary Tract Infection Outpatients Visiting Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Nigeria
Authors: Nwana Yvette Ngwe Nchidon , Foba Marceline Singam , Engwa Godwill Azeh , Fobellah Dominic Awung 
Published: June 2020

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in outpatients in Nigeria. However, antimicrobial drug resistance is a challenge in the treatment of UTIs and therefore, there is need for drug resistance surveillance to guide treatment.
Aim: This study assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTIs in a Nigeria population.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study involving hospital outpatients.
Place and Date of Study: The study was conducted between September 2012 and February 2013 at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Nigeria.
Methodology: Urine sample collected from 115 randomly selected patients was screened by microbial culture for the presence of microbial pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for the identified isolates to assess the effectiveness of some selected routinely used antibiotics.
Results: Among the 115 subjects, bacteria growth was observed in 49 subjects giving a prevalence of 42.6%. UTI was slightly higher in females (44.8%) than in males (40.4%). A total of 9 bacteria isolates of the following genus; staphylococcus, klebsiella, pseudomonas, Escherichia, enterococcus and proteus species were identified among which Staphyloccus aureus was the most prevalent. Ampicillin was the most effective antibiotics, followed by ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Staphylococcus aureus, other Staphylococcus species and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible isolates. Most microbial pathogens were resistant to Nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin.
Conclusion: Urinary tract infection showed a high prevalence of 42.6% which was predominant in females. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterial isolate. Ampicillin was the most effective antibiotics followed by ciprofloxacin while most pathogens were resistant to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Lorenz Matthias , Ievlev Anton V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells have attracted much attention due to the rapidly growing power conversion efficiency that has reached 25.2% in a decade, comparable to established commercial photovoltaic modules. Compositional engineering is one of the most effective methods to boost the performance of MHP solar cells. Further improving the efficiency and the stability of MHP solar cells necessitates good understanding of the chemical–efficiency correlation and the chemical evolution during the degradation of MHP solar cells. In this regard, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the chemical aspect of MHPs and has played an important role in advancing the development of MHP optoelectronics. However, up to date, a review that can guide future utilization of ToF‐SIMS in the MHP development is missing. Herein, the capabilities of ToF‐SIMS in MHP investigations are summarized and analyzed from simple material synthesis and chemical distribution to more complicated device operation mechanism and stability. The strength of ToF‐SIMS in resolving important issues in this field, such as interface composition, ion migration, and degradation in MHP is highlighted. Finally, an outlook with an emphasis on making the utmost of ToF‐SIMS in developing MHP devices is provided.
Multifunctional Lateral Transition‐Metal Disulfides Heterojunctions
Authors: An Yipeng , Hou Yusheng , Wang Kun , Gong Shijing , Ma Chunlan , Zhao Chuanxi , Wang Tianxing , Jiao Zhaoyong , Wang Heyan , Wu Ruqian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe intrinsic spin‐dependent transport properties of two types of lateral VS2|MoS2 heterojunctions are systematically investigated using first‐principles calculations, and their various nanodevices with novel properties are designed. The lateral VS2|MoS2 heterojunction diodes show a perfect rectifying effect and are promising for the applications of Schottky diodes. A large spin‐polarization ratio is observed for the A‐type device and pure spin‐mediated current is then realized. The gate voltage significantly tunes the current and rectification ratio of their field‐effect transistors. In addition, they all demonstrate a sensitive photoresponse to blue light, and could be used as photodetector and photovoltaic device. Moreover, they generate an effective thermally driven current when a temperature gratitude appears between the two terminals, suggesting them as potential thermoelectric materials. Hence, the lateral VS2|MoS2 heterojunctions show a multifunctional nature and have various potential applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, and spin caloritronics.
Synergy of Liquid‐Crystalline Small‐Molecule and Polymeric Donors Delivers Uncommon Morphology Evolution and 16.6% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Yan Cenqi , Tang Hua , Ma Ruijie , Zhang Ming , Liu Tao , Lv Jie , Huang Jiaming , Yang YanKang , Xu Tongle , Kan Zhipeng , Yan He , Liu Feng , Lu Shirong , Li Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAchieving an ideal morphology is an imperative avenue for enhancing key parameters toward high‐performing organic solar cells (OSCs). Among a myriad of morphological‐control methods, the strategy of incorporating a third component with structural similarity and crystallinity difference to construct ternary OSCs has emerged as an effective approach to regulate morphology. A nematic liquid‐crystalline benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodamine (BTR) molecule, which possesses the same alkylthio‐thienyl‐substituted benzo moiety but obviously stronger crystallinity compared to classical medium‐bandgap polymeric donor PM6, is employed as a third component to construct ternary OSCs based on a PM6:BTR:Y6 system. The doping of BTR (5 wt%) is found to be enough to improve the OSC morphology—significantly enhancing the crystallinity of the photoactive layer while slightly reducing the donor/acceptor phase separation scale simultaneously. Rarely is such a morphology evolution reported. It positively affects the electronic properties of the device—prolongs the carrier lifetime, shortens the photocurrent decay time, facilitates exciton dissociation, charge transport, and collection, and ultimately boosts the power conversion efficiency from 15.7% to 16.6%. This result demonstrates that the successful synergy of liquid‐crystalline small‐molecule and polymeric donors delicately adjusts the active‐layer morphology and refines device performance, which brings vibrancy to the OSC research field.
Electrochemically Modifying the Electronic Structure of IrO2 Nanoparticles for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting with Extensive Adaptability
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Bin , Zhang Gengwei , Yang Guang , Yang Tao , Yang Sen , Yang Shengchun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesigning the electrocatalysts that are stable and active for extensively adaptable water splitting is highly desirable for developing hydrogen based energy. IrO2 is a promising and widely used catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in commercial applications, but is rarely used for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to the high Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*). Herein, an approach to modify the electronic structure of IrO2 via cyclic voltammetry is proposed. In this process, Ir(+4) is partially reduced and trace Pt is simultaneously deposited on IrO2, which greatly lowers the ΔGH* and thus accelerates the reaction kinetics. The as‐prepared Pt–IrO2/CC with low noble metal loading (36.6 µg cm−2(Ir+Pt)) exhibits excellent HER activity with overpotentials of 5, 22, and 26 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH, and 1 m phosphate buffer solution, respectively, making it possible to organize an all‐IrO2 based water electrolyzer. The Pt–IrO2/CC||IrO2/CC couple exhibits a promising activity and stability in pH‐universal conditions as well as natural seawater for H2 production. Density function theory calculations reveal that the optimized electronic structure of IrO2 balances the ΔGH*, resulting in a much enhanced HER performance.
Correlation between sarcopenia and left ventricular myocardial mass in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Wang Mei , Hu Song , Zhang Furong , Liu Jia , Mao Yongjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is defined as a progressive age‐related syndrome of reduced whole‐body muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle function. Patients with heart failure (HF) and sarcopenia are inclined to have decreased muscle strength. The current research suggests that skeletal muscle changes are the main manifestations of sarcopenia, but myocardium is not mentioned as skeletal muscle. The myocardium changes significantly with the progression of HF. Measuring myocardial quality has become an important and accessible way to assess HF by detecting changes in myocardial quality in patients with sarcopenia. Due to its economical, simple, and effective advantages in measuring myocardial quality, real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography provides a convenient and reliable method for clinical diagnosis of HF and sarcopenia. This will be conducive to the screening of sarcopenia in people with chronic HF to better guide clinical treatments. This review describes the definition and diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia, the characteristics of HF with sarcopenia, and the related study of myocardial quality.
Ethmoid‐to‐maxillary opacification ratio: a predictor of postoperative olfaction and outcomes in nasal polyposis?
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Smith Timothy L. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Farrell Nyssa F. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundInflammatory profiles for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) vary between North American and Asian populations. An elevated ethmoid‐to‐maxillary (E/M) opacification ratio on preoperative imaging is associated with certain postoperative outcomes in Asian populations and populations that are non‒type 2 dominant. In this study we explore this factor in North American/type 2‒based populations.MethodsAdult patients (n = 165) from a North American population with CRSwNP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were prospectively enrolled into an observational, multi‐institutional study. The 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), and Lund‐Kennedy (LK) endoscopic scores were obtained pre‐ and postoperatively. Patients were stratified according to increasing E/M ratios based on Lund‐Mackay (LM) scores.ResultsOn average, significant within‐subject postoperative improvement was found in all patients for SNOT‐22 total and domain scores, and also BSIT results (p ≤ 0.019). Preoperatively, elevated E/M ratio correlated with worse BSIT scores (r = −0.343, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, elevated E/M ratio correlated with BSIT improvement (r = 0.284, p = 0.002), but did not correlate with SNOT‐22 improvement or polyp recurrence. An elevated E/M ratio was associated with greater likelihood of reporting a minimal clinically important difference in BSIT scores (χ2 = 9.96, p = 0.041).ConclusionElevated E/M ratios were found to associated with worse baseline olfaction and an increased likelihood of achieving a clinically meaningful postoperative improvement in olfaction in this North American population with CRSwNP. Elevated E/M ratios did not predict postoperative changes in SNOT‐22 measures or polyp recurrence. This suggests that prognostic factors may vary according to geography and generalized inflammatory profiles (type 2 vs non‒type 2) in patients with CRS.
Melt spinnability of long chain cellulose esters
Authors: Willberg‐Keyriläinen Pia , Rokkonen Teijo , Malm Tero , Harlin Ali , Ropponen Jarmo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTechnical and hygienic nonwovens, originating typically from fossil‐based synthetic polymers, are the fastest growing applications in the textile industry. Recently developed thermoplastic cellulose fatty acid esters have polyolefin like rheology properties and therefore the suitability of these cellulose esters for fiber production was evaluated. In this study, the melt spinning of textile fibers has been demonstrated using thermoplastic cellulose octanoate. The mechanical properties of melt spun fibers were analyzed by using tensile testing and both the surface and cross‐section morphology of melt spun fibers were studied using the scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of the fibers were very smooth and also the cross‐section was very uniform and no porosity was observed. While mechanical properties of the produced fibers are not yet as good as those reported for commercial polypropylene (PP) monofilament fibers, they are somewhat more comparable to other cellulose ester‐based fibers. The melt spinning results indicate that the novel cellulose‐based fibers can provide a renewable and recyclable alternative, for example, spun‐laid PP in several hygienic textile and fully oriented in technical applications in future.
Natural indole‐containing alkaloids and their antibacterial activities
Authors: Liu Yang , Cui Ying , Lu Liyan , Gong Yufeng , Han Wen , Piao Guishun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the growth in resistance to bacterial infection treatments poses a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, there is a constant need to explore novel antibacterial agents that have the ability to overcome drug resistance. Indole‐containing alkaloids are widely distributed in nature, and a variety of indole‐containing alkaloids have already been applied in clinical practice, proving that indole‐containing alkaloids are fascinating and privileged scaffolds for the development of novel drugs. Moreover, indole‐containing alkaloids could exert their antibacterial activity through the inhibition of efflux pumps, the biofilm, filamentous temperature‐sensitive protein Z, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus pyruvate kinase; so, indole‐containing alkaloids constitute an important source of novel antibacterial agents. This review is an endeavor to highlight the advances in the development of indole‐containing alkaloids with antibacterial potential, covering articles published in the recent 10 years.
Extreme hot days over three global mega‐regions: Historical fidelity and future projection
Authors: Luo Zhenqi , Yang Jing , Gao Miaoni , Chen Deliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing a downscaled high‐resolution NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX‐GDDP) dataset based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations, this study evaluated and compared extreme hot days (EHDs) over the three mega‐regions [the Eastern United States (EUS), Europe (EU) and Eastern Asia (EA)] during the historical period (1981–2005) against observations, resulting in a subset of models with high skill for the past climatology and trend. The observed EHDs over EU exhibit the largest absolute amount and the most significant increases in frequency (4.0 days·decade−1), intensity (0.22°C·decade−1) and extent (8.4°C·days·ecade−1), while no significant trend over EUS is found. Compared with the observation, the largest bias in NEX‐GDDP is the remarkably overestimated increase in the trend over EUS. In the RCP8.5 projection using six models with relatively high fidelity, the increase of EHDs is evidently enhanced during 2030–2054 over the three regions, particularly EUS. The projected trend of EHDs over EUS could be undetermined because of the modelling biases in aerosol effects and internal variation, which is worthy of further investigation in CMIP6.
A Metabolomics Approach to Screening for Autism Risk in the Children's Autism Metabolome Project
Authors: Smith Alan M. , Natowicz Marvin R. , Braas Daniel , Ludwig Michael A. , Ney Denise M. , Donley Elizabeth L. R. , Burrier Robert E. , Amaral David G. 
Published: June 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is biologically and behaviorally heterogeneous. Delayed diagnosis of ASD is common and problematic. The complexity of ASD and the low sensitivity of available screening tools are key factors in delayed diagnosis. Identification of biomarkers that reduce complexity through stratification into reliable subpopulations can assist in earlier diagnosis, provide insight into the biology of ASD, and potentially suggest targeted interventions. Quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed on plasma samples from 708 fasting children, aged 18 to 48 months, enrolled in the Children's Autism Metabolome Project (CAMP). The primary goal was to identify alterations in metabolism helpful in stratifying ASD subjects into subpopulations with shared metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes). Metabotypes associated with ASD were identified in a discovery set of 357 subjects. The reproducibility of the metabotypes was validated in an independent replication set of 351 CAMP subjects. Thirty‐four candidate metabotypes that differentiated subsets of ASD from typically developing participants were identified with sensitivity of at least 5% and specificity greater than 95%. The 34 metabotypes formed six metabolic clusters based on ratios of either lactate or pyruvate, succinate, glycine, ornithine, 4‐hydroxyproline, or α‐ketoglutarate with other metabolites. Optimization of a subset of new and previously defined metabotypes into a screening battery resulted in 53% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 48%–57%) and 91% specificity (95% CI, 86%–94%). Thus, our metabolomic screening tool detects more than 50% of the autistic participants in the CAMP study. Further development of this metabolomic screening approach may facilitate earlier referral and diagnosis of ASD and, ultimately, more targeted treatments.Lay SummaryAnalysis of a selected set of metabolites in blood samples from children with autism and typically developing children identified reproducible differences in the metabolism of about half of the children with autism. Testing for these differences in blood samples can be used to help screen children as young as 18 months for risk of autism that, in turn, can facilitate earlier diagnoses. In addition, differences may lead to biological insights that produce more precise treatment options. We are exploring other blood‐based molecules to determine if still a higher percentage of children with autism can be detected using this strategy. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1270–1285. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.