bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facemask therapy with skeletal anchorage: A possible alternative to orthognathic surgery
Authors: Cha Bong‐Kuen , Park Jae Hyun , Choi Dong‐Soon , Jang Insan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTreatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in young patients is very challenging. Facemask therapy has been proven to be effective in early correction of Class III malocclusion. With the aid of skeletal anchorage, the orthopaedic effects are expected to be greater than the effects with conventional facemask with tooth‐borne anchorage. However, only a few studies have reported on the long‐term stability of facemask therapy combined with skeletal anchorage. This report examines two patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who were treated with facemask and skeletal anchorage followed by orthodontic treatment using fixed orthodontic appliances. The long‐term effects of facemask therapy with skeletal anchorage are discussed and compared with the conventional facemask therapy.
Dysfunctional role of elevated TIGIT expression on T cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Xiangqi , Li Qunxing , Zhou Ying , He Xinlin , Fang Juan , Lu Huanzi , Wang Xi , Wang Dikan , Ma Da , Cheng Bin , Liao Guiqing , Wang Zhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed to analyze the role of T‐cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) expression on T cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were collected from OSCC patients. The correlation between TIGIT expression and clinicopathologic features was analyzed by chi‐square test. Phenotypic and functional study of TIGIT+ T cells were performed by flow cytometry.ResultsTIGIT was highly expressed on T cells from PBMC and TILs. High expression of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells (19.0%) and CD8+ T cells (35.9%) was also associated with higher T stage and nodal invasion. Moreover, TIGIT+CD4+ and TIGIT+CD8+ T cells sorted from OSCC patients showed a dysfunctional phenotype (low cell proliferation and low secretion of IL‐2, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ), and TIGIT+CD4+ T cells exhibited inhibitory function (high expression of Foxp3 and high amounts of IL‐10). Importantly, TIGIT blockade can enhance the proliferation ability and effective cytokine production (IL‐2, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from OSCC patients in vitro.ConclusionsTIGIT‐expressing T cells exhibit a lower effector cytokine‐releasing phenotype in OSCC patients.
Expanding the Concept of End‐of‐life Care in Long‐term Care: A Scoping Review Exploring the Role of Healthcare Assistants
Authors: Just Danielle T. , O’Rourke Hannah M. , Berta Whitney B. , Variath Caroline , Cranley Lisa A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe context of care provided in long‐term care homes is changing, as an increasing number of older adults are entering long‐term care with advance stages of illness and higher care needs. Long‐term care homes are quickly becoming the place of death for an increasing number of older adults, despite recent literature identifying inadequate and suboptimal levels of end‐of‐life care. Within long‐term care, healthcare assistants represent 60%‐70% of the unregulated workforce and provide 70%‐90% of the direct care to residents. Research indicates that a high level of uncertainty exists surrounding the role of healthcare assistants in end‐of‐life care, with numerous studies reporting the role of healthcare assistants to be ‘unclear’ with varying levels of responsibilities and autonomy.ObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review was to explore healthcare assistants’ experiences and perspectives of their role in end‐of‐life care in long‐term care.MethodsWe applied Arksey and O’Malley's methodological framework, with recommendations from Levac and colleagues’ guiding principles. Electronic databases and the grey literature were searched for relevant articles. Search concepts included end‐of‐life care and healthcare assistants. Articles were included in this review if they explored healthcare assistants’ experiences or perspectives of providing end‐of‐life care in long‐term care. The peaceful end of life theory by Ruland and Moore (1998) was used to organise data extraction and analysis.ResultsA total of n = 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The most predominant role‐required behaviours reported by healthcare assistants were as follows: psychosocial support to significant others, knows the resident's care wishes and physical care with respect and dignity. The most predominant extra‐role behaviours reported by healthcare assistants were as follows: becoming emotionally involved, acting as extended family and ensuring residents do not die alone.ConclusionsFindings from this review expanded the concept of end‐of‐life care by illustrating the role‐required and extra‐role behaviours healthcare assistants perform when providing end‐of‐life care in long‐term care.Implications for practiceFindings from this scoping review highlight the numerous behaviours healthcare assistants perform outside their role description in order to provide end‐of‐life care to dying residents in long‐term care. These findings could inform policymakers and managers of long‐term care homes.
Distinguishing the street‐level policy entrepreneur
Authors: Arnold Gwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolicy entrepreneurs—individuals who champion a policy and engage in intense advocacy to secure it—are most frequently characterized as political elites or individuals well connected to such elites. However, an emerging literature suggests that street‐level bureaucrats who deliver government services to the public can also prosecute policy entrepreneurship. There has been little investigation of how these actors differ from elite‐level policy entrepreneurs who focus on agenda‐setting and initial policy approval. Evidence from six case vignettes from US state wetland policy suggest that street‐level policy entrepreneurs are distinguished by defensive motivation, greater constancy of effort, recruitment of a less politically powerful network of supporters, and challenges associated with cultivating ties to external resource providers and intra‐governmental allies. Street‐level policy entrepreneurship helps explain policy innovation within bureaucracies and by bureaucrats, offering new insight into the motivation and behaviours of ground‐level officials whose day‐to‐day choices shape policy.
Effects of 660 nm and 810 nm Low‐Power Diode Laser on Proliferation and Invasion of Oral Cancer Cells in Cell Culture Media
Authors: Shirazian Shiva , Keykha Elham , Pourshahidi Sara , Ebrahimi Hooman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of 660 and 810 nm diode laser on the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells were investigated. Sixteen plates of oral cancer cells originated from tongue SCC were irradiated with diode laser at 660 nm (40 and 80 mW) and 810 nm (100 and 200 mW) with the energy density of 4 J cm−2. One plate received no irradiation (the control). Irradiation was performed at four times (0, 24, 72 and 168 h). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) markers were examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Cyclin D1, E‐cadherin, β‐catenin and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9; flow cytometry) were also evaluated. Proliferation was lower in the irradiated groups. This result was significant for all groups at 24 h. The percentages of cyclin D1 and MMP‐9 were higher in 810 nm groups, β‐catenin and E‐cadherin were higher in 660 nm groups, VEGF marker was significantly lower in 810 nm/200 mW group, and Ki67 marker has no difference between the groups. According to the results of this study, laser irradiation at 0 and 24 h resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation especially in 660 nm/80 mW and 810 nm/200 mW. Further studies are needed in this respect.
Environmental and Organizational Antecedents of Plural Sourcing of Public Services
Authors: Damanpour Fariborz , Sanchez‐Henriquez Fernando , Avellaneda Claudia N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganizations use multiple governance modes (make,buy,ally) to produce their services. We consider plural sourcing as a portfolio of governance mode choices that a public service organization selects to provide its services,and investigate environmental and organizational factors that stimulate plural sourcing of public services. While studies of governance mode have usually relied on insights from theories of organizational economics (transaction cost,public choice,agency),we rely on insights from theories of organization management (strategic adaptation,structural contingency,organizational capability) to construct a theoretical framework and develop propositions on the determinants of plural sourcing. Theory is tested by a four‐panel dataset we constructed by merging data from three different sources within 1992–2007. The results using multilevel (hierarchical) logit identify conditions under which organizations choose to externalize,internalize,or co‐produce their services. We discuss the implications of our findings for sourcing of organizational activities and suggest ideas for future research.Evidence for PracticePlural sourcing is a governance form when an organization combines the three governance choices of make, buy, and ally in producing and delivering its products or services.Environmental and organizational characteristics variably influence government organizations’ choice of three service delivery modes – internalization, externalization, and cooperation.Organizations tend to choose a service delivery governance mode that is prevalent among members of their organizational population.The decision structure of organizations influences governance choice: when top decision‐makers are elected leaders, internalization tends to be preferred; when professional administrators decide, cooperation is favored; and when elected officials and professional administrators decide jointly, cooperation is more likely and internalization is less likely.Choice of public service provision is driven by both economic factors (community wealth, financial resources, and fiscal pressure) and institutional factors (political leadership, trends in provision mode, and non‐fiscal pressure).
Melatonin supplementation improved cryopreserved Thai swamp buffalo semen
Authors: Inyawilert Wilasinee , Rungruangsak Janyaporn , Liao Yu‐Jing , Tang Pin‐Chi , Paungsukpaibool Vuttikai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cryopreservation process impairs the sperm characteristics and fertilizing ability. However, melatonin, an antioxidant, could protect spermatozoa against this cell damage during cryopreservation. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate whether the melatonin supplementing in the semen extender could improve the sperm quality of swamp buffalo during cryopreservation. The semen collected from six swamp buffalo bulls were diluted with tris‐citrate egg yolk extender supplementing with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mM of melatonin. The parameters of sperm viability and motility were evaluated using computer‐assisted semen analyser (CASA) after cryopreservation on days 1, 7, 15 and 30. The group supplemented with 1.0 mM melatonin exhibited the higher viability after cryopreservation on days 1, 7, 15 and 30 with 58.346 ± 2.1a, 57.586 ± 2.0a, 55.082 ± 1.8a and 55.714 ± 1.8a, respectively, and showed the best results of motility parameters. However, higher concentration of melatonin at 3.0 mM impaired all the parameters. In conclusion, the addition of melatonin at 1 mM to semen extender could exert the best protection against sperm damage in swamp buffalo bull during cryopreservation.
Periodontal management in a primary polycythemia rubra vera patient: A case report
Authors: Hassan Farah Wahida , Mohd Nurulhuda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/aimPolycythemia rubra vera (PRV) is a myeloproliferative disease, which is characterized by the proliferation of all three major hematopoietic groups (erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets). This hematological condition presented with different clinical manifestations depending on the thrombohemorrhagic status of the patient. It is suggested patient with preexisting PRV may suffer complication during periodontal treatment. Thus, this case would therefore demonstrate periodontal management outcome in PRV patient.Case presentationA 60‐year‐old Malay gentleman presented to the Periodontic Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. He was a known case of primary PRV for the past 5 years. Intraoral examination showed generalized periodontal deep pockets ranging from 5 to 10 mm. He was diagnosed as Stage III Grade C periodontitis. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was provided, followed by surgical correction of residual periodontal deep pockets on teeth 17, 11, and 23. He was reviewed at 4‐month intervals for supportive periodontal therapy after stabilization of his periodontal condition.ConclusionPolycythemia rubra vera (PRV) patients should have preoperative therapeutic control for more than 4 months and have been treated with myelosuppressive agents prior to periodontal surgery. Good oral hygiene and periodical supportive periodontal therapy are the key factors for successful periodontal treatment outcomes in well‐controlled PRV patients.
Badge of Courage or Sign of Criminality? Experimental Evidence for How Voters Respond to Candidates Who Were Arrested at a Protest
Authors: Armendariz Karen O. Caballero , Farrer Ben , Martinez Monica 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo test whether political activists who are arrested at a protest will subsequently be more or less able to successfully run for office.MethodsWe use a conjoint survey experiment conducted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. Participants are asked to choose between hypothetical candidates, with a protest arrest randomly added to the description of one candidate. We also vary the group that organized the protest, the demographics of the candidate, how much time has passed since the protest, and the seriousness of the arrest charge.ResultsWe find left‐leaning voters can see a protest arrest as an asset, if it occurred at a left‐wing protest. Right‐leaning voters are less tolerant of protest arrests though, especially if the candidate is black or if the protest was recent.ConclusionWe conclude that activists with electoral ambitions should weigh the risks of arrest carefully, especially if they are black or will need to appeal to right‐leaning electorates.
Legal, Political Science, and Economics Approaches to Measuring Malapportionment: The U.S. House, Senate, and Electoral College 1790–2010
Authors: Cervas Jonathan , Grofman Bernard 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveWe compare and contrast methods for measuring malapportionment from different disciplines: law, political science, and economics.MethodsWith data from the U.S. House, Senate, and Electoral College (EC) over the period 1790–2010, we compare disproportionality measures and compare both across time and between institutions.ResultsWe demonstrate that which approach to measurement we take can dramatically affect some of the conclusions we reach. However, we also demonstrate that the House and the EC are hardly malapportioned, regardless of which measure we use, while the level of malapportionment we observe in the Senate can depend on which measure we use.ConclusionSince there are many axiomatic properties we might wish to satisfy, no one measure is uniformly best with respect to all feasible desiderata. However, one measure, the minimum population needed to win a majority, offers a readily comparable measure across legislatures and jurisdictions, and is easy for nonspecialists to understand.
What, If Anything, Is Wrong with Offsetting Nature?
Authors: Björnberg Karin Edvardsson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiodiversity offsetting is an increasingly popular policy instrument used to compensate for losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services caused by development projects. Although evidence suggests that offsetting can yield significant environmental benefits, application of the policy instrument is surrounded by controversy. Among other things, critics argue that offsetting builds on normatively contentious assumptions regarding the value of nature and the fungibility of biodiversity components, such as species, habitats, ecosystems, and landscapes. A large portion of the criticism targets the allegedly illegitimate commodification of nature that the policy instrument entails. Exploring the significantly more developed normative discussion on carbon offsetting, this article identifies four arguments that plausibly could be made to support the claim that it is wrong to commodify nature in the way biodiversity offsetting schemes do: the common ownership argument, the price argument, the non‐substitutability argument, and the “crowding out” argument. Although none of the arguments definitively invalidate the use of biodiversity offsets, they provide good reasons to proceed with caution when designing and implementing them.
Impact of COVID‐19 in the attendance of blood donors and production on a Brazilian Blood Centres
Authors: Silva‐Malta Maria Clara Fernandes , Rodrigues Daniela de Oliveira Werneck , Chaves Daniel Gonçalves , Magalhães Nathalia Noyma Sampaio , Ribeiro Maísa Aparecida , Cioffi Junia Guimarães Mourão , Martins Marina Lobato 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundOne of the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the risk of shortages in Blood Centres.ObjectivesTo verify the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the blood donor's attendance and production of blood components in Fundação Hemominas, a Brazilian public institution was formed by several Blood Centres.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out from January to June 2020. Data collected were compared to a historical series from 2016 to 2019.ResultsThe study showed a reduction in the attendance of blood donors, whole blood collections and blood component production from March 2020, when the first case of COVID‐19 was notified in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results evidenced that Hemominas Blood Centres were affected in a very distinct way by the pandemic with a general mean reduction around 17% in attendance of blood donors and in production of blood components in the period of March to June. On the other hand, the return of blood donors rate increased.ConclusionThe reduction in blood donation during the pandemic period was significant, despite the measures adopted. Still, the recruitment of return donors appears to be an important measure to be considered to decrease the pandemic's effect on blood stocks.
A phased genome based on single sperm sequencing reveals crossover pattern and complex relatedness in tea plants
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Luo Cheng , Scossa Federico , Zhang Qinghua , Usadel Björn , Fernie Alisdair R. , Mei Hanwei , Wen Weiwei 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYFor diploid organisms that are highly heterozygous, a phased haploid genome can greatly aid in functional genomic, population genetic and breeding studies. Based on the genome sequencing of 135 single sperm cells of the elite tea cultivar ‘Fudingdabai’, we herein phased the genome of Camellia sinensis, one of the most popular beverage crops worldwide. High‐resolution genetic and recombination maps of Fudingdabai were constructed, which revealed that crossover (CO) positions were frequently located in the 5′ and 3′ ends of annotated genes, while CO distributions across the genome were random. The low CO frequency in tea can be explained by strong CO interference, and CO simulation revealed the proportion of interference insensitive CO ranged from 5.2% to 11.7%. We furthermore developed a method to infer the relatedness between tea accessions and detected complex kinship and genetic signatures of 106 tea accessions. Among them, 59 accessions were closely related with Fudingdabai and 31 of them were first‐degree relatives. We additionally identified genes displaying allele specific expression patterns between the two haplotypes of Fudingdabai and genes displaying significantly differential expression levels between Fudingdabai and other haplotypes. These results lay the foundation for further investigation of genetic and epigenetic factors underpinning the regulation of gene expression and provide insights into the evolution of tea plants as well as a valuable genetic resource for future breeding efforts.
Vertical specialisation and gains from trade
Authors: Alexander Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti‐stage production is a significant source of gains from trade in many recent quantitative trade models. Meanwhile, specialisation across stages of production, or ‘vertical specialisation’, has been largely ignored in these models. In this paper, I provide evidence that vertical specialisation is a salient feature in the international trade data, which suggests that standard models are inaccurate. I develop a model with multi‐stage production where country‐level productivity differences provide a basis for vertical specialisation and potentially new gains from trade. I then quantify the gains from vertical specialisation according to the model using data. Despite the evidence of vertical specialisation in the data, I find that the average gains from trade due to this channel are modest at less than 1% of GDP. These results suggest that, if vertical specialisation is an important source of gains from trade, then revealing these gains may require either more complex models, or more granular data, than are typically used in workhorse quantitative trade models.
Anaphylaxis‐related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs
Authors: Hnatusko Aubrey L. , Gicking John C. , Lisciandro Gregory R. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the unique complication of hemoperitoneum associated with anaphylaxis.DesignRetrospective case series from September 2012 to August 2017.SettingTwo private emergency and specialty referral hospitals.AnimalsEleven client‐owned dogs diagnosed with anaphylaxis and hemoperitoneum upon presentation or
referral.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsInclusion criteria included clinical signs consistent with anaphylaxis (hypotension, tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, collapse, with or without the presence of dermal signs) due to witnessed or unwitnessed presumed bee sting, an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), performance of abdominal FAST (AFAST) examination with an abdominal fluid score, the sonographic presence of gallbladder wall edema, and hemoperitoneum.All dogs (n=11) were managed medically without surgical intervention. 91% (n=10) of dogs survived to discharge.ConclusionsHemoperitoneum development can be seen with anaphylactic reactions, though the exact mechanism remains to be fully understood. Medical therapy is warranted and can be successful in these patients; surgery is not indicated to address hemoperitoneum.