bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The The risk of public mobility from hotspots of COVID-19 during travel restriction in Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh Probir , Mollah Mohammad Manir 
Published: August 2020

Bangladesh reported the first three laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases on March 8, 2020 in Dhaka and Narayanganj cities. As of April 8, 2020, 218 confirmed cases across the country, they have mostly detected from Dhaka (56.4%) and Narayanganj (21%) cities where the hotspots of an outbreak of COVID-19 disease. There were 6 cases in Dhaka district excluding metropolitan areas and rest of 43 (20%) cases in the 19 other regions. Local government-enforced completely shut down the hotspots areas on April 8 2020. However, peoples from hotspots travelled openly to the other districts.
We aimed to understand the risk of open movement from hotspots. We studied 40 individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus later at their destination. We developed a route map and density maps using Geographic Information System (GIS). Among the studied people, the average distance was 140.1 (75.1) kilometers (Km), and the range of distance was from 20.3 to 321.7 kilometers. Among them, 42.5% traveled <100 Km, 40.0% traveled between 100 and 200 Km and 17.5% traveled above 200 Km. Case numbers were increased 13.5 times more on April 20 than the cases as of April 8, 2020.
Our analysis suggests that relaxed travel restriction could play an important role to spread COVID-19 transmission domestically. To reduce further spread of COVID-19, the government should closely monitor the public health intervention to stop the casual movement.
Tuberculosis and COVID-19: An overlapping situation during pandemic
Authors: Can Sarınoğlu Rabia , Sili Uluhan , Eryuksel Emel , Olgun Yildizeli Sehnaz , Cimsit Cagatay , Karahasan Yagci Aysegul 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). First COVID-19 case was detected in March, 10, 2020 in Turkey and as of May, 18, 2020 148,067 cases have been identified and 4096 citizens have died. Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health concern, incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) in Turkey was reported at 14, 1 in 2018. During pandemic COVID-19 was the main concern in every clinic and as we discuss here overlapping respiratory diseases may result in delaying of the diagnosis and treatment.
Methodology: There were 4605 respiratory samples examined between March 23 and May 18 for COVID-19 and 185 samples for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our laboratory. The Xpert Ultra assay was performed for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis in combined nasopharyngeal and deep oropharyngeal swabs of suspected cases of COVID-19.
Results: Both of SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis tests were requested on the clinical and radiological grounds in 30 patients. Here we discussed 2 patients who were both COVID-19 and TB positive. One patient already diagnosed with tuberculosis become COVID-19 positive during hospitalization and another patient suspected and treated for COVID-19 received the final diagnosis of pulmonary TB and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.
Conclusions: We want to emphasize that while considering COVID-19 primarily during these pandemic days, we should not forget one of the “great imitators”, tuberculosis within differential diagnoses.
Les ruses de la raison budgétaire
Authors: Brissaud Constantin , Juven Pierre-André 
Published: August 2020

Cet article revient sur la production, par une organisation internationale – l’OCDE – d’un rapport sur les prix des médicaments « innovants ». Confrontant deux principes historiquement fondateurs de l’engagement de l’OCDE en matière de santé – limiter les dépenses publiques et introduire des « mécanismes de marché » dans des secteurs obéissant à d’autres logiques sociales – l’expertise sur le prix des « médicaments innovants » est prise dans une tension idéologique et un jeu de contraintes structurales que l’article éclaire. D’un côté, les États-Unis, les représentants de l’industrie à l’OCDE (BIAC) et le Département des affaires économiques défendent une lecture « pro-marché », dans laquelle des prix élevés financent l’innovation pharmaceutique. De l’autre, les rédacteurs et rédactrices du rapport principalement membres de la Direction des affaires sociales, plusieurs pays européens, des ONG, et la représentation des syndicats à l’OCDE (TUAC) contestent l’approche économique standard, et remettent en cause les modalités de construction des prix des médicaments « innovants ». En revenant sur le processus de rédaction du rapport et en éclairant les luttes d’intérêt et d’influence à l’œuvre, l’article met au jour les asymétries de position et de ressources entre les deux groupes. Il donne à voir les modalités concrètes de neutralisation de la critique et la tenaille dans laquelle l’OCDE est prise alors que l’extrême profitabilité du secteur pharmaceutique vient heurter l’idéologie de contrôle des dépenses publiques de santé.
Projets d’insertion bien ordonnés et normes de « bon recours » dans les fonds départementaux d’aide aux jeunes
Authors: Trombert Christophe 
Published: August 2020

L’article aborde les caractéristiques de demandes d’aide financière à l’insertion jeunesse que produisent des professionnels de l’intervention sociale lorsqu’ils ont recours et participent aux fonds départementaux d’aide aux jeunes. Alors que le budget annuel d’aide financière est limité et que le nombre de demandeurs ne peut être estimé à l’avance, quels sont les repères cognitifs et normatifs des acteurs pour sélectionner les dossiers ? Dans cette recherche des conceptions pratiques des normes d’insertion, nous laisserons en partie de côté l’étape de l’instruction de l’aide pour nous concentrer sur la prise de décision en commission d’attribution. Nous verrons qu’une vulnérabilité initiale n’est pas suffisante pour comprendre les décisions d’accord et de refus. Des garanties du bon usage de l’aide pour améliorer une insertion socioprofessionnelle, un projet professionnel « réaliste », une cause légitime aux difficultés rencontrées, un rapport méritoire aux aléas de la vie, apparaissent comme des paramètres centraux de l’appréciation des situations, c’est-à-dire conditionnent l’accès à une instruction de la demande d’aide puis à une décision d’accord.
Toute-puissance et impuissance dans les mesures d’aide éducative : une mainlevée problématique
Authors: Autant-Dorier Claire 
Published: August 2020

L’article rend compte d’une enquête menée au sein d’une association exerçant des mesures d’assistance éducative à domicile qui expérimente un dispositif renforcé afin de faire avec les usagers et de développer leur capacité d’agir. Partant d’un questionnement sur la traduction de la demande, celle-ci révèle des situations problématiques de mainlevée où il est mis fin à la mesure alors que les besoins demeurent et qu’une demande s’exprime. La reprise d’un cas met à jour un procès réciproque en (in)capacité : l’équipe éducative pointe la toute-puissance de la mère qui « met en échec » la mesure, tandis que celle-ci reproche aux instances éducatives d’être « incapables » d’aider son fils. La mainlevée signe alors l’impuissance des travailleurs sociaux à agir. Cette situation donne à voir comment les décalages dans les représentations et attentes respectives comme dans les temporalités et logiques d’action provoquent de la résistance et du décrochage. Le texte pose la question de l’effectivité des droits des familles dans leurs rapports avec les services de l’aide sociale à l’enfance et de l’efficacité du dispositif d’assistance éducative. Au-delà du pouvoir discrétionnaire des professionnels, les traductions et décisions prises interrogent la pertinence des politiques sociales et les conditions de leur mise en œuvre à l’échelle locale.
Legal Education Reform Pursuits in Ethiopia: Attainments and Challenges (2006-2019)
Authors: Stebek Elias N. 
Published: August 2020

This article examines attainments and challenges in the pursuits of legal education reform launched in 2006. Achievements and challenges in LL.B programmes are examined based on the standards of the legal education reform programme relating to admission of students to law schools, staff profile, standards of reform relating to curriculum, course delivery, assessment, law school autonomy, research, publications, quality assessment and the requisite resources thereof. There are commendable achievements such as raising the duration of legal education from four to five years, the introduction of LL.B exit exam, and the preparation of a significant number of teaching materials. However, the data, documents and literature discussed and analyzed in this article indicate that the level of quality and standards in Ethiopia’s legal education stand below most of the thresholds that were envisaged in the 2006 Legal Education Reform Programme.
Key terms
Legal education reform · Quality · Standards · LL.B programmes · Ethiopia
Promoting Federalism, IWRM, and Functional Approach to Water Governance under Ethiopian Water Laws
Authors: Haileslassie Zbelo 
Published: August 2020

Integrated functional approach to water governance in a federal state structure can avoid vertical and horizontal conflicts. There are queries on how functional approach to water governance can be promoted in the context of federal state structure. Other concerns include linkages, the meditating factor demanding for reconciling competing water uses, integrated water resources management (IWRM) and integrated river basin management (IRBM). This article assesses the existing governance framework and its suitability to promote functional approach to water governance, reconciliations and policy options. There are inconsistencies in the Constitution, Federal water management laws, river basin high councils and authority’s laws, policies, strategies and the regulation that establishes and defines the powers and duties of the Ethiopian Basin Development Authority. Moreover, there are missing links and integrations, centralizing tendencies and failures to accommodate and harmonize pluralistic and diversified local practices. The water laws need to integrate both the bottom-up approach (by empowering the grassroots and bringing efficient, equitable, and sustainable use of water) and top-down form of governance (to harmonize the inter-local linkages among and within regional states). The inter-state basin governance needs reform and the over-centralized role of the government to designate water institutions should be controlled. Reconciliation is mandatory for better empowerment, cooperation and harmonization at all linkages, levels and types of inter-governmental relations.
Key terms:
Federalism, IWRM-IRBM, Functional approach, Water governance linkages, Reconciliation, Harmonization
The Jurisprudence and Approaches of Constitutional Interpretation by the House of Federation in Ethiopia
Authors: Mulu Anchinesh Shiferaw 
Published: August 2020

This article examines the jurisprudence of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry (CCI) and the House of Federation (HoF) in resolving constitutional disputes with a view to identifying the principles/approaches utilized in their decisions and its human rights implication. These organs are entrusted with the power to interpret the Constitution upon application by private parties or court referral of cases. The article also examines patterns in the judiciary’s referral of cases for constitutional interpretation, and it discusses the methods and principles used by CCI/HoF in constitutional interpretation. Although the CCI/HoF has not expressly adopted distinct principles/approaches of constitutional interpretation, they can be inferred from the jurisprudence of the CCI and the HoF. I argue that there is inconsistent application of principles of constitutional interpretation. This is related with the incoherence observed in the constitutional interpretation of fundamental human rights recognized under the FDRE Constitution and ratified international human rights conventions. This shows that the HoF –which is a political body– has failed to protect basic human rights through its decisions that involve politically sensitive cases. There is thus the need to develop and adopt rules of procedure and principles of constitutional interpretation that can ensure predictability, consistency and coherence in HOF/CCI decisions towards the protection of human rights.
Key terms
Human rights, Constitutional interpretation, House of Federation, Council of Constitutional Inquiry
Estudo de Colisões Inelásticas por meio da Videoanálise
Authors: Montoli Guilherme Almeida , Cabral Neto João Dos Santos 
Published: August 2020

Nos vários níveis de ensino é apresentado ao estudante o fenômeno da colisão. Comumente, privilegia-se de dois tipos de colisões: perfeitamente (ou totalmente) elástica (coeficiente de restituição CR = 1) e perfeitamente (ou totalmente) inelástica (coeficiente de restituição CR = 0). Contudo, boa parte dos fenômenos físicos em que ocorre colisão são do tipo inelástico, e por isso que perguntamos: como descrever o valor do coeficiente de restituição que assume valores 0 < CR < 1 para uma colisão inelástica? Neste trabalho, usando o método experimental em que se deixa cair uma bola ao chão, filmamos o movimento da bola rebotando e por meio da videoanálise, encontramos o valor de CR para uma colisão inelástica. Além disso, usamos o modelo do oscilador harmônico amortecido para modelar o movimento da bola rebotando e determinar e em função da constante de amortecimento dos osciladores.
Revalorización de la forma en la planificación de los territorios uruguayos: mensajes de la geografía y de la herencia patrimonial
Authors: Ligrone Pablo Alfredo 
Published: August 2020

Hay momentos en la vida de una ciudad o de un territorio que demandan una nueva forma que reoriente su evolución, que fije, que innove, que dé imagen de marca, que relance otro ciclo. Una nueva forma, descubierta o inventada, un motivo de diseño que oriente su transformación física, la de su geografía, su dimensión espacial.
Este trabajo muestra cómo en los últimos 15 años varios documentos de planificación en Uruguay han buscado poner en valor los mensajes de la geografía y de la herencia patrimonial a través de la forma a diferentes escalas territoriales: los arcos costeros, el relieve, las cuencas, los trazados fundacionales, sistemas de componentes patrimoniales, paisajes
caracterizados, sistemas de espacios públicos, espacios de integración y
lugares con su genio propio. Reivindica el valor del proyecto urbano y del proyecto de territorio y de la dimensión formal asociada al paisaje natural y cultural.
There are moments in the life of a city or a territory, which demand the apparition of a new shape to reorient their evolution, to ratify and innovate, to give a brand image, to launch a new cycle. A new discovered or invented shape, a design motif orientating its physical and geographical transformation,
its spatial dimension.
This article illustrates how in the last 15 years several planning documents in
Uruguay have sought to revaluate, through their shape, the messages of geography and patrimonial heritage, at different territorial scales: coastal arches, landform, watersheds, foundational outlines, heritage-component systems, characterized landscapes, public-space systems, spaces for
integration and places with their own genius.
It claims for the value of the urban and territorial project and the shape
associated with the natural and cultural landscape.
Paisajes de la sal en Andalucía
Authors: Román López Emilia 
Published: August 2020

Las salinas generan paisajes de características únicas, tanto por sus valores naturales y medioambientales, como por los valores culturales, patrimoniales, históricos, sociales e identitarios. Las energías y circunstancias naturales aprovechadas en ellas, sol, viento,
gravedad y humedad relativa, propician una de las estrategias fundamentales para su
funcionamiento: la evaporación, que hace determinante su posición geográfica en el
territorio y su dependencia de los ciclos climáticos estacionales, del régimen hidrológico, la estructura geológica del subsuelo, la geomorfología y la acción del hombre para potenciar la eficiencia de los procesos productivos.
Actualmente se encuentran, en su mayoría, abandonadas y en estado de ruina, olvidando la importancia cultural, histórica y económica que tuvieron en épocas pasadas. Estos hechos manifiestan la urgencia de la apreciación y el reconocimiento de estos entornos culturales como patrimonio común y de aprovechamiento social inmediato y de que sean objeto de una gestión específica para evitar su desaparición.
Salt works create unique landscapes with both natural and environmental values, due to their cultural, historical and social background, as well as their heritage and identity. The energy and natural circumstances: sun, wind, gravity and relative humidity, facilitate an essential
strategy for their operation: evaporation, which emphasizes as decisive their geographical location in the territory and their dependence on seasonal weather cycles, hydrological regime, geological underground structure, geomorphology and human action to enhance the efficiency of production processes.
Nowadays they are mostly abandoned and in ruins, leaving the cultural, historical and
economic significance, they used to have in the past, forgotten. These facts show the urgent procedure for the appreciation and recognition of these cultural surroundings as a common heritage of immediate social use, so that they become subject to specific management in order to prevent its disappearance.
Palimpsesto de Karukinka. Tras las huellas de la forma urbana en la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina-Chile
Authors: Espindola Gerhardt Lara 
Published: August 2020

Las reglas de la forma urbana de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego se han visto condicionadas principalmente por las huellas de su territorio, su paisaje, sus primeros habitantes y por sus colonizadores.
En este contexto, las ciudades actuales de dicha isla tienen una apariencia figurativa compatible a los patrones del modelo clásico español, con un sistema de parcelación y una tipología arquitectónica repetida, con la cuadricula y la manzana regular cuadrada asegurando la racionalidad de la organización, como la característica de la urbanización no solo de esta isla sino de todo un continente.
Este artículo propuso analizar la incidencia del palimpsesto de Karukinka, es decir, ir tras las huellas de la forma urbana en el territorio y el paisaje, y su posible vinculación con los pueblos originarios, los Selk´nam. Y a su vez analizar la continuidad de la retícula colonizadora en el territorio de Karukinka o Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego.
Mainly the rules of the urban form of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego have been conditioned by the traces of its territory, its landscape, its first inhabitants and by its colonizers. In this context, the current cities of that island have a figurative appearance compatible to the patterns of the classic Spanish model, with a system of subdivision and a repeated architectural typology, with the grid, the square regular block assuring the rationality of the organization as the characteristic of the urbanization not only of this island but of a whole continent. This article proposed to analyze the incidence of the palimpsest of Karukinka, that is, to follow the traces of the urban form in the territory and landscape, and its possible link with the native peoples, the Selk'nam. And in turn analyze continuity of the colonizing grid in the territory of Karukinka or Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego.
La industria de la carne como paisaje. El lugar de los mataderos y mercados de hacienda en la ciudad
Authors: Jacob Nadia 
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo se propone avanzar en el estudio del paisaje ganadero haciendo foco en el lugar del mismo en la escala urbana. Partimos del supuesto de que la industria de la carne tuvo un rol fundamental en los procesos de transformación de las ciudades. Tal es así, que los establecimientos ganaderos pasaron de tener en sus orígenes un lugar marginal en la ciudad, a convertirse en importantes generadores de urbanidad e imaginarios culturales. En orden de confirmar estas presunciones, por un lado, revisamos la construcción conceptual de la industria como paisaje y como proyecto en la disciplina urbanística. Mientras que por otro lado, analizamos el proceso de configuración material y simbólica del paisaje ganadero urbano a partir de un análisis comparativo de un caso de estudio local, los mataderos y mercados de hacienda de la ciudad de Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina) con un referente emblemático, La Villette (París, Francia).
The present work proposes to advance in the study of the livestock landscape focusing on the place of it on the urban scale. We assume that the meat industry played a fundamental role in the process of transforming cities. This is so that the cattle establishments went from having in its origins a marginal place in the city, to become important generators of urbanity and cultural imaginary. In order to confirm these assumptions, on the one hand, we review the conceptual construction of the industry as a landscape and as a project in urbanism. While on the other hand, we analyze the process of material and symbolic configuration of the urban livestock landscape from a comparative analysis of a local case study, slaughterhouses and meet markets of the city of Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina), with an emblematic reference case, La Villette (Paris, France).
La valoración patrimonial del paisaje cultural cafetero del Tolima, Colombia. Retos y estrategias para su conservación y apropiación
Authors: Velandia Silva César Augusto 
Published: August 2020

El proyecto de investigación “Paisaje Cultural Cafetero del Tolima”, pretende identificar el paisaje cultural como bien de interés cultural de esta región en Colombia. Se propone el desarrollo de una puesta en valor de los atributos del paisaje y de sus enlaces naturaleza-cultura. Primero, debido a su pertinencia para el conocimiento y la apropiación de la cultura regional y segundo, debido a que la investigación científica aplicada a una región de alta calidad productiva agrícola a nivel nacional, es desconocida.
Lo anterior permitirá formular estrategias en atención a las implicaciones del paisaje ante el ordenamiento territorial, la variabilidad climática, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la gestión del riesgo, las actividades turísticas y el relevo generacional de jóvenes que ya no quieren ser caficultores. Asimismo, el paisaje cultural se muestra, como el escenario idóneo para acoger los procesos de cohesión y reconstrucción del tejido social de las comunidades en el marco de la Paz.
The research project "Coffee Cultural Landscape of Tolima", aims to identify the cultural landscape as a cultural asset in the Tolima region, Colombia. It proposes the development of an appraisement project about the attributes of the landscape and its culture-nature linkages. First, because it is relevant to the knowledge and appropriation of the regional culture of Tolima, and second, because scientific research applied to a region of high productive agricultural quality at the national level, is unknown.
This will enable the formulation of strategies attending implications for land use, climate change, environmental sustainability and risk management, also tourism activities and generational change of thousands of youngsters who no longer want be coffee growers. Likewise, the cultural landscape is shown, as the ideal setting to embrace the processes of cohesion and reconstruction of the social linkages of the communities within the framework of Peace.