bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRIPTO antagonist ALK4L75A-Fc inhibits breast cancer cell plasticity and adaptation to stress
Authors: Balcioglu Ozlen , Heinz Richard E. , Freeman David W. , Gates Brooke L. , Hagos Berhane M. , Booker Evan , Mirzaei Mehrabad Elnaz , Diesen Hyrum T. , Bhakta Kishan , Ranganathan Supraja , Kachi Masami , Leblanc Mathias , Gray Peter C. , Spike Benjamin T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
CRIPTO is a multi-functional signaling protein that promotes stemness and oncogenesis. We previously developed a CRIPTO antagonist, ALK4L75A-Fc, and showed that it causes loss of the stem cell phenotype in normal mammary epithelia suggesting it may similarly inhibit CRIPTO-dependent plasticity in breast cancer cells.

Methods
We focused on two triple negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) to measure the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on cancer cell behavior under nutrient deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We characterized the proliferation and migration of these cells in vitro using time-lapse microscopy and characterized stress-dependent changes in the levels and distribution of CRIPTO signaling mediators and cancer stem cell markers. We also assessed the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on proliferation, EMT, and stem cell markers in vivo as well as on tumor growth and metastasis using inducible lentiviral delivery or systemic administration of purified ALK4L75A-Fc, which represents a candidate therapeutic approach.

Results
ALK4L75A-Fc inhibited adaptive responses of breast cancer cells under conditions of nutrient and ER stress and reduced their proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and expression of EMT and cancer stem cell markers. ALK4L75A-Fc also inhibited proliferation of human breast cancer cells in stressed tumor microenvironments in xenografts and reduced both primary tumor size and metastatic burden.

Conclusions
Cancer cell adaptation to stresses such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and chemotherapy can critically contribute to dormancy, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Identifying mechanisms that govern cellular adaptation, plasticity, and the emergence of stem-like cancer cells may be key to effective anticancer therapies. Results presented here indicate that targeting CRIPTO with ALK4L75A-Fc may have potential as such a therapy since it inhibits breast cancer cell adaptation to microenvironmental challenges and associated stem-like and EMT phenotypes.
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) in the Sri Lankan setting: translation, cultural adaptation and validation into the Sinhala language
Authors: Patabendige Malitha , Palihawadana Thilina S. , Herath Rasika P. , Wijesinghe Prasantha S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo adapt the CEQ into Sri Lankan Sinhala cultural context and to determine the psychometric properties of CEQ. This would yield an opportunity to evaluate childbirth experience among Lankan population.ResultsOut of 390, 226 (57.9%) postnatal mothers completed the CEQ after 1 month postpartum. Face validity and content validity were demonstrated with all participants stating that CEQ was easy to understand and complete. For reliability, internal consistency was acceptable for the overall score (0.85) and for all four domains in CEQ (0.65, 0.80, 0.70, 0.83 for “own capacity”, “professional support”, “perceived safety” and “participation”, respectively). A weighted kappa of 0.61–0.80 for all 22 items in CEQ demonstrated a good test–retest reliability. This Sri Lankan version showed fit statistics in line with standard recommendations in exploratory factor analysis. Women with spontaneous onset of labour (except for “professional support” in women with spontaneous onset of labour) and women with a normal birth showed significantly higher CEQ scores. However, oxytocin augmentation could not yield a difference in CEQ scores.
Abdominal compartment syndrome due to extremely elongated sigmoid colon and rectum plus fecal impaction caused by disuse syndrome and diabetic neuropathy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Usuda Daisuke , Takanaga Kohei , Sangen Ryusho , Higashikawa Toshihiro , Kinami Shinichi , Saito Hitoshi , Kasamaki Yuji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as a sustained raised level of intra-abdominal pressure more than 20 mmHg with or without abdominal perfusion pressure less than 60 mmHg and the development of new end-organ failure. Abdominal surgery, major trauma, volvulus, ileus, distended abdomen, fecal impaction, acute pancreatitis, liver dysfunction, sepsis, shock, obesity, and age have all been reported as risk factors. Herein, we report the severest known case of ACS due to extremely elongated sigmoid colon and rectum plus fecal impaction caused by disuse syndrome and diabetic neuropathy, together with a brief review of the literature.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old Asian man suffering from shock was transported by ambulance to our hospital. His medical history included hypoglycemic encephalopathy sequelae, disuse syndrome, type 2 diabetic neuropathy, and constipation. He recovered consciousness in the ambulance, and his physical examination as well as laboratory findings were normal. X-ray and dynamic computed tomography revealed a thickened gut wall, and an extremely dilated sigmoid colon and rectum filled with a massive amount of stool as well as gas, compressing other intra-abdominal organs. We diagnosed the patient with transient vasovagal syncope, together with ACS, due to extremely elongated sigmoid colon and rectum plus fecal impaction, caused by anorectal disturbance derived from disuse syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. We first repeated stool extraction for bowel decompression and he subsequently became symptom-free, after which we performed a colostomy on the 28th hospital day. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, and he was discharged on the 44th hospital day.

Conclusions
Clinicians need to keep ACS in mind as a differential diagnosis and perform careful and detailed examination when encountering patients presenting with symptoms or risk factors of ACS. In addition, they need to precisely diagnose ACS and perform optimal treatment without delay.
Node-weighted centrality: a new way of centrality hybridization
Authors: Singh Anuj , Singh Rishi Ranjan , Iyengar S. R. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCentrality measures have been proved to be a salient computational science tool for analyzing networks in the last two to three decades aiding many problems in the domain of computer science, economics, physics, and sociology. With increasing complexity and vividness in the network analysis problems, there is a need to modify the existing traditional centrality measures. Weighted centrality measures usually consider weights on the edges and assume the weights on the nodes to be uniform. One of the main reasons for this assumption is the hardness and challenges in mapping the nodes to their corresponding weights. In this paper, we propose a way to overcome this kind of limitation by hybridization of the traditional centrality measures. The hybridization is done by taking one of the centrality measures as a mapping function to generate weights on the nodes and then using the node weights in other centrality measures for better complex ranking.
The complexity of eye-hand coordination: a perspective on cortico-cerebellar cooperation
Authors: Rizzo John-Ross , Beheshti Mahya , Naeimi Tahereh , Feiz Farnia , Fatterpekar Girish , Balcer Laura J. , Galetta Steven L. , Shaikh Aasef G. , Rucker Janet C. , Hudson Todd E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEye–hand coordination (EHC) is a sophisticated act that requires interconnected processes governing synchronization of ocular and manual motor systems. Precise, timely and skillful movements such as reaching for and grasping small objects depend on the acquisition of high-quality visual information about the environment and simultaneous eye and hand control. Multiple areas in the brainstem and cerebellum, as well as some frontal and parietal structures, have critical roles in the control of eye movements and their coordination with the head. Although both cortex and cerebellum contribute critical elements to normal eye-hand function, differences in these contributions suggest that there may be separable deficits following injury.MethodAs a preliminary assessment for this perspective, we compared eye and hand-movement control in a patient with cortical stroke relative to a patient with cerebellar stroke.ResultWe found the onset of eye and hand movements to be temporally decoupled, with significant decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke. In contrast, the patient with cortical stroke displayed increased hand spatial errors and less significant temporal decoupling variance. Increased decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke was primarily due to unstable timing of rapid eye movements, saccades.ConclusionThese findings highlight a perspective in which facets of eye-hand dyscoordination are dependent on lesion location and may or may not cooperate to varying degrees. Broadly speaking, the results corroborate the general notion that the cerebellum is instrumental to the process of temporal prediction for eye and hand movements, while the cortex is instrumental to the process of spatial prediction, both of which are critical aspects of functional movement control.
Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyle After Bowel Cancer (HEAL ABC): feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Sremanakova Jana , Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Todd Chris , Cooke Richard , Burden Sorrel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTargeting modifiable lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity represents a potentially cost-effective strategy that could support a growing population of colorectal cancer survivors and improve their health outcomes. Currently, effective, evidence-based interventions and resources helping people after bowel cancer to adopt new lifestyle habits are lacking. The aim of this trial is to test the Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyle After Bowel Cancer (HEAL-ABC) intervention to inform a future definitive randomised controlled trial.Methods/designThis is a feasibility randomised controlled trial. A total of 72 survivors who have completed surgery and all anticancer treatments will be recruited. The intervention group will receive HEAL-ABC resources based on behaviour change theory combined with supportive telephone calls informed by motivational interviewing every 2 weeks during the 3-month intervention, and once a month for 6 months to follow-up. Participants in the control group will follow usual care and have access to resources available in the public domain. The study is testing feasibility of the intervention including adherence and ability to collect data on anthropometry, body composition, diet, physical activity, behaviour change, quality of life, blood markers, contact with healthcare services, morbidities and overall survival.DiscussionThe proposed study will add to the evidence base by addressing an area where there is a paucity of data. This study on lifestyle interventions for people after colorectal cancer follows the Medical Research Council guidance on evaluating complex interventions in clinical practice. It focuses on people living after treatment for colorectal cancer and targets an important research area identified by cancer survivors as a research priority reported by the National Cancer Institute and James Lind Alliance UK.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04227353approved on the 13th of January 2020
Total nephroureterocystectomy and urethrectomy due to urothelial carcinoma associated with the BK polyomavirus infection after kidney transplantation: a case report with literature review
Authors: Maenosono Ryoichi , Okumi Masayoshi , Unagami Kohei , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kakuta Yoichi , Takagi Toshio , Iizuka Junpei , Shimizu Tomokazu , Azuma Haruhito , Nagashima Yoji , Tanabe Kazunari , Nitta Kosaku , Ishida Hideki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection after kidney transplantation is an important cause of graft failure among kidney transplant recipient and may cause malignant tumor, although the association between BKPyV infection and malignant tumor has been controversial yet.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 39-year-old-male kidney transplantation (KTx) recipient with urine BKPyV replication who developed a graft pelvic tumor with the positive Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 TAg). The patients received a living-related KTx from his 65-year-old mother. A protocol biopsy at 14 months after KTx showed BKPyV-associated nephropathy. Therefore, the dose of immunosuppressants was reduced, resulting in improved BKPyV viremia, but viruria persisted. About 117 months after KTx, urine cytology showed atypical cells suspicious for malignancy. Cystoscopy revealed a tumor on the neck of the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed; however, the diagnosis of malignancy was not confirmed at that time. Six months after the TUR-BT, urine cytology showed atypical cells definite for malignancy. Computed tomography and retrograde pyelography showed no evidence of urinary tract tumor and metastasis. Subsequently, total nephroureterocystectomy and urethrectomy were performed. Histological examination of the graft ureter revealed a high-grade urothelial carcinoma, with glandular differentiation, pT1. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed positivities for SV40 TAg and p53, along with increased Ki67 labeling cells were increased. By contrast, nonneoplastic cells were negative for SV40 TAg. At the time of writing the present manuscript, the patient is free from recurrence or residual tumor and being closely monitored without additional therapy, 32 months after the surgery.

Conclusion
The relationship between BKPyV infection after KTx and bladder carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. However, when the KTx recipients who continue to have BKPyV infection for a long time are treated, the possibility of risk factors for renourinary carcinoma should always be carefully considered.
Calibration of HVI cotton elongation measurements
Authors: DELHOM Christopher D. , HEQUET Eric F. , KELLY Brendan , ABIDI Noureddine , MARTIN Vikki B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significant improvements in fiber strength have been made, but fiber elongation has largely been ignored, despite it contributing to the energy needed to break fibers, which affects fiber handling and processing. High Volume Instruments (HVI) measure fiber elongation but have not been calibrated for this property, making the measurement unavailable for comparative work among instruments. In prior work, a set of elongation calibration materials had been developed based on Stelometer results. A round trial of ten Australian and U.S. instruments was conducted on six cotton samples representing a range of 4.9% to 8.1% elongation.

Results
By scaling the HVI elongation values of each instrument to the values of the two calibration samples, the coefficient of variation in instrument measurements was reduced from an average of 34% for the uncalibrated measurements to 5% for the calibrated measurements. The reduction in variance allows for the direct comparison of results among instruments. A single-point elongation calibration was also assessed but found to be less effective than the proposed two-point calibration.

Conclusion
The use of an effective calibration routine on HVI measurement of cotton significantly reduces the coefficient of variation of the elongation measurement within and between instruments. The implementation of the elongation calibration will allow testing and breeding programs to implement high-speed elongation testing which makes the use of elongation values possible in breeding programs.
Impact of oral contraceptives and breastfeeding on disease activity in a sample of Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Elsayed Sahar A. , Henry Doris M. , Abu Elfadl Esam M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Women are more affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than men and the incidence of RA in women increases around the age of menopause indicating that hormonal factors may have a role in disease pathogenesis and progression. Despite several studies on the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives (OCs) in RA patients, the effect of combined oral contraceptives on RA disease activity is still controversial, and since few studies have been performed in Egypt on this issue so we aimed to study the effect of OCs, breastfeeding, and prolactin on disease activity and their relation to the titer of autoantibodies in female Egyptian RA patients.

Results
One hundred twenty married female RA patients were classified into three groups based on the OCs use (n = 40 each); current, past and non-users and according to lactation into three groups; lactating using OCs (n = 22), lactating not using OCs (n = 30), and non-lactating (n = 68). Our patients were using combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives. Clinical manifestations, disease activity, and laboratory findings were determined. The clinical manifestations including arthritis, and morning stiffness were significantly reduced in current users in comparison to past and non-users. Mean DAS28 was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in current and past users of OCs. Also, using OCs during lactation reduced the clinical manifestations significantly. Lactating women who were not using OCs had significantly high DAS28 and ESR (p < 0.05) in comparison to lactating using OCs and non-lactating. On the other hand, using OCs reduced serum prolactin significantly. Lactating women not using OCs had significantly high serum prolactin (p < 0.05) and (p < 0.001) in comparison to lactating using OCs and non-lactating respectively which was correlated with DAS28 score.

Conclusion
Oral contraceptives may be considered in RA female patients not only as a suitable birth control method but also it has a controlling effect on disease activity even during lactation.

Message
Oral contraceptives ameliorate disease activity in RA patients
Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Reduces Postprandial Glucose Concentration in Young Men With Central Obesity
Authors: Wongpipit Waris , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Miyashita Masashi , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Prolonged sitting elevates postprandial metabolic markers, resulting in increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Interrupting prolonged sitting may reduce these risks. However, more information is needed to understand the patterns of interrupting prolonged sitting to obtain metabolic health benefits.

Objective
This study examined the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with different intensities and durations of walking with an equivalent energy expenditure on postprandial metabolic responses in young Chinese men with central obesity.

Design
A randomized crossover experimental trial was conducted.

Setting
Participants underwent three 6-hour experiments with a 7-day washout period between each experiment: prolonged sitting, 3 min of light-intensity walking every 30 minutes, and 1.5 minutes of moderate-intensity walking every 30 minutes.

Participants and Samples
Baseline (fasting) and 6-hour postprandial metabolic glucose and lipid levels were analyzed among 18 young Chinese men with central obesity.

Main Outcome Measures
Generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the potential confounders explaining residual outcome variance (body mass index) and age), trial order, preprandial values, and lead-in activity) were used, and the incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) of each outcome were compared between prolonged sitting and interrupted prolonged sitting conditions.

Results
Compared with prolonged sitting, both interrupting prolonged sitting conditions reduced the iAUCs for glucose (P &lt; .05) but not insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, or nonesterified fatty acids.

Conclusions
Both conditions of interrupted prolonged sitting reduced postprandial glucose concentrations in young Chinese men with central obesity when the energy expenditure was equivalent.
Identification and Analysis of a Novel NR0B1 Mutation in Late-Onset Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita and Hypogonadism
Authors: Hasegawa Yutaka , Takahashi Yoshihiko , Kezuka Yuichiro , Obara Wataru , Kato Yoichiro , Tamura Shukuko , Onodera Ken , Segawa Toshie , Oda Tomoyasu , Sato Marino , Nata Koji , Nonaka Takamasa , Ishigaki Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is a rare disorder characterized by primary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG) caused by mutations of the NR0B1/DAX1 gene. We aimed to search for the presence of any NR0B1/DAX1 gene mutations in a referred patient and to further characterize the phenotypes of the identified mutation.

Case Presentation
Herein, we report a Japanese patient with a novel missense mutation of the NR0B1/DAX1 gene resulting in adult-onset AHC and HHG. The patient was referred with diffuse skin pigmentation at 28 years of age, presented partial adrenal insufficiency and had undiagnosed incomplete HHG. Urological examination revealed severe oligospermia and testicular microlithiasis.

Results
The NR0B1/DAX1 gene mutation was identified by exome sequencing as a novel missense mutation (c.884A&gt;T, p.Leu295His). We conducted in silico modeling of this mutant NR0B1/DAX1 protein (p.Leu295His) which affected the conserved hydrophobic core of the putative ligand-binding domain (LBD). In addition, functional analysis revealed that this mutant showed a decreased ability as a transcriptional repressor to suppress target genes, such as STAR and LHB. Furthermore, this mutant showed functionally impaired repression of steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical H295R cells.

Conclusions
We identified a novel missense mutation of the NR0B1/DAX1 gene in a patient suffering from late-onset AHC and HHG, who presented with oligospermia and testicular microlithiasis. This mutant NR0B1/DAX1 protein was found to have reduced repressor activity, according to in vitro studies, clinically consistent with the patient’s phenotypic features.
Self-Assembly Mechanism in Nucleation Processes of Molecular Crystalline Materials
Authors: Harano Koji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Molecular crystals consist of an array of periodically arranged molecules in a three-dimensional space. Although nowadays we can routinely obtain crystal structures at the atomic level, the picture of how individual molecules gather together in an orderly manner and grow into crystals of visible size is still unresolved. Over the last decade, we focused on the mechanism of crystal nucleation, which is the initial step of crystallization—it plays a critical role in determining the crystal structure. We investigated the self-assembly mechanism of crystal nuclei of organic crystals and metal–organic frameworks using single-molecule-level electron microscopic imaging and bulk analysis. Statistical information on the size and structure of the individual prenucleation clusters, which cannot be investigated by conventional analytical methods, allowed us to study how the nucleating crystals acquire order and dimensionality in the nucleation process. We expanded understandings of the nucleation process to prepare submicrometer-sized amorphous particles of organic compounds from supersaturated solution by suppressing transition to crystalline nuclei, by external environment control. Further elucidation of the nucleation mechanism for various molecules will realize the controlled formation of crystals with desired structure and morphology, thus improving the efficiency of industrial processes, e.g., the production of pharmaceuticals and organic electronic devices.