bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat release indicators when working on methanol
Authors: Toropov A E , Chuvashev A N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo study the features of the combustion process in a 2CH 10.5/12.0 diesel engine when working on methanol with a portion of diesel fuel in accordance with the purpose, research objectives and methodology, tests were conducted at the nominal speed mode at a speed of n = 1800 min−1and at the maximum torque mode at n = 1400 min−1. Indicator diagrams were taken at the optimal setting of the fuel injection angle, with a constant cyclic supply of diesel fuel and a cyclic supply of methanol, which ensures that the value of the average effective pressure is maintained at the level at which the experimental diesel was shown. Based on the results of processing indicator diagrams, heat release graphs were constructed, the analysis of which is presented in this article.
Environmental characteristics of the engine when running on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe transport complex is the most important element of the country’s economic and social infrastructure. Among all types of transport, a special place belongs to the car, which is able to meet the needs of society in the transportation of goods and passengers with the greatest efficiency. The use of alcohols as an alternative fuel has long been a necessary phenomenon, since it allows you to save oil fuel and improve the environmental situation. In addition to alco&-hols, alternative motor fuels may include: petroleum gas, biogas, synthetic liquid fuels, generator gas, hydrogen, and dimethyl ether. The main factors determining the economic feasibility of switching to alternative fuels are the ratio of fuel prices. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption on diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. The article presents the influence of alcohol consumption on toxic indicators.
Features of the use of methanol as adiesel fuel
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of alcohols as motor fuel is very important both for saving fuel oil and for reducing the environmental burden. One of the most promising alcohol fuels for the internal combustion engine is methanol. Its production is possible from almost any raw material containing carbon, but the largest amount of methanol is produced in Russia from natural gas. There is an extensive raw material available for the production of methanol, and its cost is low compared to other alternative fuels. In addition, methanol can solve the problem of reducing the main, most toxic components of exhaust gases, nitrogen oxides and soot. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the effect of alcohol consumption on diesel engines when they are fed with methanol using various methods. The article presents the features of using alcohol when it is used with the supply of an experimental portion of diesel fuel.
Features of the use of alcohols as additives to standard motor fuels
Authors: Chuprakov A I , Anfilatov A A , Chuvashev A N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of emulsified motor fuels with the addition of alcohols to improve the environmental performance of the engine and reduce the use of standard fuels. Features of the use of emulsified fuels. Based on the research work on the use of various alcohols as an alternative motor fuel for various internal combustion engines, a number of conclusions were drawn about the formation, characteristics of the process of evaporation and combustion of emulsified fuels. This article presents a part of theoretical studies when using alcohol in the form of a fuel emulsion with standard fuel as an alternative motor fuel. The processes of injection, heating, evaporation, the formation of foci of self-ignition and the passage of chain reactions during the burning of alternative emulsified alcohol motor fuels with an ethanol content of up to 30% are considered. Methods and features of preparing changes in the physical properties of emulsified alcohol-containing motor fuels are considered.
The dynamic analysis of atmospheric air quality and the reasons for its change in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zaitseva N V , Kleyn S V , Vekovshinina S A , Andrishunas A M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study concerns the problem of analyzing the quality of ambient air in the Russian Federation over the past twenty years and determining the causes that influence its change. It is shown that the air quality in urban and rural settlements improves, despite the absence of sustainable positive dynamics in reducing gross emissions of stationary and mobile sources. To explain this phenomenon, it has been suggested that as a result of the spatial redistribution of the location of the emissions sources, residential, recreational and other standardized zones, the sources of exposure to atmospheric air are removed from the places of population. The main substances that affect the atmospheric air quality in the Russian Federation are benzo(a)pyrene, ethylbenzene, carbon, suspended solids, hydrogen fluoride, mercury, hydroxybenzene, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and acrolein. The study showed that atmospheric pollution with benzo(a)pyrene decreased 3.14 times, with suspended solids 9.36 times, with carbon monoxide 9.28 times, and with hydroxybenzene 8.74 times. There was a reduction in exposure of carbon monoxide emissions (by 1.236 million tons, VOCs (by 580 thousand tons) and nitrogen oxides (by 297 thousand tons). The quality of ambient air and its change in the Russian Federation was influenced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors such as adverse weather conditions for dispersion of impurities in the atmosphere, forest fires, industrial accidents and disasters, implementation of planning decisions on the territory of urban and rural settlements, allowing to place emission sources into the ambient air at the necessary distance from residential areas, and to implement the principle of distance protection and etc.
Analysis of heat release characteristics when working on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Toropov A E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExisting and currently being upgraded simplified models of the internal combustion engine workflow have very limited capabilities in terms of describing the fuel combustion process. Gorenje it is known that the most important means of studying the combustion in diesel fuel is the analysis of the indicator diagram for heat release. By analyzing the shape of the indicator chart, you can get information about the process of heat release during fuel combustion. The heat release characteristic is a function of the amount of heat released in the cylinder, from the angle of rotation of the crankshaft or time. The heat release characteristics are expressed in different ways: as a dependency of the absolute amount of heat from the current corner p.c.v., the integrated characteristic or the so-called dependence of heat release rate — differential characteristic. In most cases, the characteristics of relative heat release are used, rather than absolute. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption in diesel engines when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. The article presents the effect of methanol consumption on the characteristics of heat release.
The effect of ethanol on the environmental performance of a diesel engine
Authors: Likhanov V A , Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the use of ethanol-fuel emulsion as an alternative energy carrier in tractor diesel 4CH 11,0/12,5. In the Vyatka state agricultural Academy on the basis of the Department of heat engines, cars and tractors, a diesel engine was developed to work on ethanol-fuel emulsion. The article substantiates the possibility of establishing the maximum permissible concentration of ethanol in the emulsion for this diesel, it is 25% of the total fuel and provides sufficient conditions for the organization of a stable combustion process without skipping ignition. Experimental studies of the working process of diesel when working on ethanol-fuel emulsion determined the values of the main environmental indicators.
The study of the properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions with the use of supplements targeted actions
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternal combustion engines play a significant role in environmental pollution. In large cities, they are one of the main sources of toxic substances released into the atmosphere. One of the main tasks, along with improving the economic performance of diesels, is to reduce the toxcity of their exhaust gases. For these purposes, it is necessary to study the operation of diesels using alternative fuels. However, their use usually requires significant changes in the design of engines compared to diesels running on petroleum fuel. To study the main performance properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions as a substitute for petroleum fuels in the conditions of expanding the raw material base of automobile fuels and simultaneously reducing their negative impact on the environment, the Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol use in diesels when they are fed using emulsions. The article presents the results of the research.
Assessment of crop production quality in case of technogenic soil contamination
Authors: Khusnidinov Sh K , Zamaschikov R V , Dmitriev N N , Butyrin V , Sosnitskaya T N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers the degree of arsenic, cadmium and lead contamination in soils of the municipal settlement the city of Svirsk, Irkutsk region. The responses of various types of agricultural plants to contamination by arsenic, cadmium and lead and their accumulation in green mass and fruits is presented. All cultivated plants accumulate arsenic, cadmium and lead, their content exceeds the maximum available concentration (MPC) and cannot be used for food production, as well as for feeding farm animals. The highest content of arsenic, cadmium and lead was observed in vegetable crops: red beet (Beta vulgaris), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), onion (Allium cepa), pea (Pisum sativum), lettuce (Acetaria), garlic (Allium sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as well as in the green mass of feed crops: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), elytrigia (Elytrigia repens), Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria), highlander spread (Polygonum divaricatum), Turkish wartycabbage (Bunias orientalis). Indicator plants include red beet (Beta vulgaris), excluder plants - potato (Solanum tuberosum), accumulator plants - Turkish wartycabbage (Buniasorientalis). The authors propose that all used agricultural land be withdrawn from agriculture and preserved.
A comparative study of various light source influences on the plants regenerative potential using Populus berolinensis root explants as an example
Authors: Pavlichenko V V , Protopopova M V , Voinikov V K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the effects of three light source types on micropropagation efficiency of Berlin poplar (Populus berolinensis). As a model explant type for regeneration root segments were used. Three types of light sources were compared: fluorescent cool white light lamps LED-based purple (red+blue) light phyto lamps and LED-based neutral white light phyto lamps. The poplar regeneration was more effective under fluorescent lamp illumination treatment then at both types of LED phyto lamps. Among two studied LED light sources, the best result was obtained for white light lamps. The quantity and size of regenerants obtained under LED white light lamps illumination were comparable with those got under fluorescence lamps. The least regeneration efficiency was observed under the purple light LED lamps illumination with a limited spectrum range of emitted light. Nevertheless, in case of discontinuation of fluorescent lamps due to the policy of efficient energy consumption and environment protection optimized LED phyto lamps illumination has prospects in micropropagation of plants.
Comprehensive analysis of exhaust gas toxicity of heat engines and methods for neutralizing nitrogen oxides
Authors: Skryabin M L , Likhanov V A , Poyarkov M S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThese studies are devoted to assessing the impact of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines on the environment and methods for neutralizing nitrogen oxides. With intensive urbanization and the growth of megacities, road transport has become the most adverse environmental factor in protecting human health and the environment. The formation of toxic substances-products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel and compounds of atomic nitrogen with oxygen in the engine cylinder during combustion occurs in fundamentally different ways. Only a comprehensive analysis of this issue will allow us to develop new promising ways to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases.
The effect of gold mining on developmental instability in leaves of Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) and Populus tremula (Salicaceae)
Authors: Korotchenko I S , Pervyshina G G , Muchkina E Ya , Khizhnyak S V , Medvedeva V A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) and Populus tremula (Salicaceae) statistically significantly increased in the neighborhood with gold mining plant owned by gold mining holding Seligdar (Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia). The effect of distance from gold mining plant on the FA of both species can be described by power function with coefficients of determination of 0.9997 for B. platyphylla and 1.0000 for P. tremula. In terms of developmental stability P. tremula is statistically significantly more susceptible to environmental stress caused by gold mining than B. platyphylla. At a distance of 100 m from the gold mining plant FA of P. tremula is 1.8 times higher than FA of B. platyphylla whereas at a distance of a 1000 m and 2000 m from the plant FA of both species is equal.
Bacteriological profile in falcon-like birds under aviary captive conditions
Authors: Pimenov N V , Konstantinov A V , Pavlova A V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bacteriological studies of material from the pharynx and cloaca from clinically healthy saker falcons and eastern imperial eagles under aviary captive conditions were carried out. Indicated are eleven cultures of pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms represented in the association. Microscopic examination of blood in erythrocytes revealed hemosporidia. Conducted macro – and microscopic, as well as helminthological study of feces. The invasion rate was 32.6%. Revealed 2 types of helminths. The obtained results may indicate persistent carriage of the causative factor of infections and the formation of foci of helminthiases and haemosporidia.
The influence of crop predecessor and chemicalization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity
Authors: Zaitsev A M , Kovalenko I N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The research purpose is to assess the influence of predecessor and chemization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region on gray forest soil on the experimental field of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The two-factor experiment scheme included predecessors: pure steam; annual grasses (pea-oat mixture) and corn, as well as chemization levels: without fertilizers; mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 (diammophosca and ammonium nitrate); mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 and herbicides. The highest productivity of spring wheat grain of 2.62-2.82 t / ha was obtained by pure steam. Compared with its predecessor, corn productivity growth was 0.38-0.76 t / ha, compared with annual grasses – 0.65-0.99 t/ha. The increase from fertilizers is reliable and its value is higher for non-fallow predecessors for corn 0.36-0.38 t / ha, for annual grasses 0.33-0.34 t / ha. The grain productivity was 62-93% dependent on the predecessor and 3-28% on the chemization level. The placement of wheat in pure steam increased the grain nature by 35-40 g, the glassiness content by 1.6-2.2%, and the gluten content by 3.4-6.0% compared to non-steam predecessors. The share of the influence of the predecessor on the grain quality is 67-92%, the share of the influence of the chemization level is 3-10% and the interaction of factors accounts for 2-8%. The application of mineral fertilizers increases the gross grain harvest, but reduces the profitability compared to the non-winded background for all predecessors.
Floristic findings of new and rare plants in the city of Abakan, 2 (Republic of Khakassiya, Russian Federation)
Authors: Antipova E M , Chebotaryova O P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The city of Abakan is an urban district, the capital of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the Republic of Khakassiya, with a population of 171.2 thousand people. According to the botanical and geographical zoning of L. M. Cherepnin, the city of Abakan is located in the Pryabakan valley steppe (S1) in the central part of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin at an altitude of 250 m above sea level at the mouth of the river Abakan. Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Khakassia has been sufficiently studied botanically, information on the current state, structure and species composition of the flora of the city of Abakan remains far from complete, which served as the basis for in-depth studies of its vegetation cover. The aim of the work was to identify the flora of the city of Abakan and new and rare species of plants in it. Floristic fees in the city were held from 2016 to 2019 by the method of model areas (MA) of the urbanized landscape. For the Republic of Khakassia, as a result of field studies of 11 MA within the administrative borders of the city of Abakan, new and rare plant species were found and first identified: 1 new species for Siberia (Potentilla pimpinelloides L.), 2 new species for the Republic of Khakassia (Dianthus deltoides L., Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et WDI Koch.) And additional locations for 6 rare species in the city of Abakan (Lilium pumilum Delile, Oxytropis ammophila Turcz., Rosa spinosissima L., Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Boern., Taraxacum bessarabicum (Horn) Hand.-Mazz., Myricaria bracteata Royle.).
Comparison of the effect of various drugs on the survival rate of hop cuttings
Authors: Dementiev D , Ivanova I , Fadeev A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the territory of modern Russia over the previous 40 years, the production of hops has decreased tenfold. Since hop raw materials are in demand in the world community and in Russia, the government is taking measures to support the revival of hop production as an increase in agricultural production. In this regard, albeit extremely slowly, but, the interest of individual agricultural enterprises in hop seedlings begins to increase. There is a shortage of planting material. In the production of seedlings, one of the main problems is the survival rate of hop cuttings (on average over the years - 50-55%). Among other reasons, the incidence of rooted hop cuttings is of great importance. To increase the yield of standard hop seedlings, various preparations are being tested at the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, which reduce the damage to cuttings by external factors and increase the percentage of their survival. The article presents data on tests of biological fungicides and growth stimulators, not previously studied on hops, for 2 years of research.
Cytostructure of the radial parenchyma of annual shoots of wild species of Meyer’s currant (Ribes Meyeri Maxim.)
Authors: Bakhtaulova A S , Karipbayeva R K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of the anatomical structure of the radial parenchyma of the annual shoots of the Meyer’s currant, grown in conditions of high Jungar Alatau In the anatomical structure of the stem Meyer’s currants ray parenchyma is represented mainly by single rays, two - and three-row rays are few. This study provides a theoretical basis for microclonal propagation of wild currants.
The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers and nutrition systems for the winter wheat cultivation using no-till technology in the Stavropol Territory arid zone
Authors: Esaulko A N , Ozheredova A Y , Golosnoy E V , Mel’nikov D A , Vdovydchenko I Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents materials on the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers in the nutrition system for the winter wheat cultivation using no-till technology in the Stavropol Territory arid zone for 2017-2019. As a result of the studies, it was found that all the studied doses of mineral fertilizers relative to the control option (without fertilizers) on average increased the content of nitrate (by 0.9-10.4 mg / kg) and ammonia nitrogen in the soil (by 0, 2-6.7 mg / kg) during the vegetation phases. The urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application using Duport liquilazer contributed to an increase in the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm in all phases of the winter wheat development in comparison with similar experimental options in which nitrogen fertilizers were applied using a sprayer. According to the two years research results, a steady advantage of the intra-soil application of UAN using Duport liquilazer was noticed and the difference in yield, depending on the variant, was 0.15-0.25 t / ha. However, the more effective option was the introduction of UAN N20 autumn + UAN N87 spring + water-soluble organic substance 20:20:20 (2kg / ha) + water-soluble organic substance 20:20:20 (2kg / ha) Duport liquilazer, which allowed to obtain a yield of 4.66 tons / ha.