bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate Safety and Variability of Egg Excretion After Repeated Controlled Human Hookworm Infection
Authors: Hoogerwerf Marie-Astrid , Koopman Jan Pieter R , Janse Jacqueline J , Langenberg Marijke C C , van Schuijlenburg Roos , Kruize Yvonne C M , Brienen Eric A T , Manurung Mikhael D , Verbeek-Menken Petra , van der Beek Martha T , Westra Inge M , Meij Pauline , Visser Leo G , van Lieshout Lisette , de Vlas Sake J , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Coffeng Luc E , Roestenberg Meta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundControlled human hookworm infections could significantly contribute to the development of a hookworm vaccine. However, current models are hampered by low and unstable egg output, reducing generalizability and increasing sample sizes. This study aims to investigate the safety, tolerability, and egg output of repeated exposure to hookworm larvae.MethodsTwenty-four healthy volunteers were randomized, double-blindly, to 1, 2, or 3 doses of 50 Necator americanus L3 larvae at 2-week intervals. Volunteers were monitored weekly and were treated with albendazole at week 20.ResultsThere was no association between larval dose and number or severity of adverse events. Geometric mean egg loads stabilized at 697, 1668, and 1914 eggs per gram feces for the 1 × 50L3, 2 × 50L3, and 3 × 50L3 group, respectively. Bayesian statistical modeling showed that egg count variability relative to the mean was reduced with a second infectious dose; however, the third dose did not increase egg load or decrease variability. We therefore suggest 2 × 50L3 as an improved challenge dose. Model-based simulations indicates increased frequency of stool sampling optimizes the power of hypothetical vaccine trials.ConclusionsRepeated infection with hookworm larvae increased egg counts to levels comparable to the field and reduced relative variability in egg output without aggravating adverse events.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT03257072.
N-glycosylation is involved in stomatal development by modulating the release of active abscisic acid and auxin in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jiao Qingsong , Chen Tianshu , Niu Guanting , Zhang Huchen , Zhou ChangFang , Hong Zhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) is one of the most important protein modifications in eukaryotes, affecting the folding, transport, and function of a wide range of proteins. However, little is known about the roles of N-glycosylation in the development of stomata in plants. In the present study, we provide evidence that the Arabidopsis stt3a-2 mutant, defective in oligosaccharyltransferase catalytic subunit STT3, has a greater transpirational water loss and weaker drought avoidance, accompanied by aberrant stomatal distribution. Through physiological, biochemical, and genetic analyses, we found that the abnormal stomatal density of stt3a-2 was partially attributed to low endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) content. Exogenous application of ABA or IAA could partially rescue the mutant’s salt-sensitive and abnormal stomatal phenotype. Further analyses revealed that the decrease of IAA or ABA in stt3a-2 seedlings was associated with the underglycosylation of β-glucosidase (AtBG1), catalysing the conversion of conjugated ABA/IAA to active hormone. Our results provide strong evidence that N-glycosylation is involved in stomatal development and participates in abiotic stress tolerance by modulating the release of active plant hormones.
Experimental stark widths and shifts of V II spectral lines
Authors: Manrique J , Pace D M Díaz , Aragón C , Aguilera J A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We have measured the Stark widths and shifts of V II spectral lines in the wavelength range 2000–4200 Å belonging to 75 multiplets. The spectra are emitted by laser-induced plasmas generated from fused glass discs prepared by borate fusion. The electron density and temperature are in the ranges (0.72–6.5) × 1017 cm−3 and (11 000–14 900) K, respectively. To avoid self-absorption, we have used seven samples with vanadium concentrations selected by the CSigma graph methodology. This has allowed to include strong and weak lines in the study, including resonance and forbidden lines. The experimental widths and shifts are compared with theoretical values available in the literature.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: the [α/Fe] of early-type galaxies
Authors: Liu Yiqing 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The mean stellar alpha-to-iron abundance ratio ([α/Fe]) of a galaxy is an indicator of galactic star formation time-scale. It is important for understanding the star formation history of early-type galaxies (ETGs) as their star formation processes have basically stopped. Using the model templates that are made by Vazdekis et al., we apply the pPXF-based spectral fitting method to estimate the [α/Fe] of 196 high-signal-to-noise ratio ETGs from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. The velocity dispersions within 1Re (σe) range from 27 to 270 km s−1. We find a flat relation between the mean [α/Fe] within the 1$R_\mathrm{ e}^{\mathrm{ maj}}$ ellipses and log(σe), even if limiting to the massive sample with log(σe/km s−1) &gt; 1.9. However, the relation becomes positive after we exclude the Mg1 feature in our fits, which agrees with the results from the previous work with other stellar population models, albeit with relatively large scatter. It indicates that the Vazdekis models have self-inconsistency and do not actually cover the observations in Mg1. For reference, we also measure the stellar population radial gradients within 1$R_\mathrm{ e}^{\mathrm{ maj}}$ ellipses. Due to the low resolution of age estimations for old objects and the Mg1 issue, the uncertainties of these gradients cannot be neglected.
From rest-frame luminosity functions to observer-frame colour distributions: tackling the next challenge in cosmological simulations
Authors: Bravo Matías , Lagos Claudia del P , Robotham Aaron S G , Bellstedt Sabine , Obreschkow Danail 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) remain among the most challenging yet informative quantities to reproduce in simulations due to the large and complex mixture of physical processes that shape the radiation output of a galaxy. With the increasing number of surveys utilizing broad-band colours as part of their target selection criteria, the production of realistic SEDs in simulations is necessary for assisting in survey design and interpretation of observations. The recent success in reproducing the observed luminosity functions (LFs) from far-ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (IR), using the state-of-the-art semi-analytic model shark and the SED generator ProSpect, represents a critical step towards better galaxy colour predictions. We show that with shark and ProSpect we can closely reproduce the optical colour distributions observed in the panchromatic Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. The treatment of feedback, star formation, central–satellite interactions, and radiation reprocessing by dust are critical for this achievement. The first three processes create a bimodal distribution, while dust attenuation defines the location and shape of the blue and red populations. While a naive comparison between observation and simulations displays the known issue of overquenching of satellite galaxies, the introduction of empirically motivated observational errors and classification from the same group finder used in GAMA greatly reduces this tension. The introduction of random reassignment of ${\sim} 15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of centrals/satellites as satellites/centrals on the simulation classification closely resembles the outcome of the group finder, providing a computationally less intensive method to compare simulations with observations.
Early-type galaxies in the Antlia cluster: global properties
Authors: Calderón Juan P , Bassino Lilia P , Cellone Sergio A , Gómez Matías , Caso Juan P 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an extension of our previous research on the early-type galaxy population of the Antlia cluster (d ∼ 35 Mpc), achieving a total coverage of ∼2.6 deg2 and performing surface photometry for ∼300 galaxies, 130 of which are new uncatalogued ones. Such new galaxies mainly fall in the low surface brightness (LSB) regime, but there are also some lenticulars (S0), which support the existence of unique functions that connect bright and dwarf galaxies in the scaling relations. We analyse the projected spatial distribution of galaxies up to a distance of ∼800 kpc from NGC 3268, the adopted centre, as well as the radial velocity distribution and the correlation between galaxy colour and effective radius with the projected spatial distribution. We also obtain the luminosity function of the early-type galaxies and the distribution of stellar masses using the T1-band magnitudes and adopted mass-luminosity ratios. Additionally, we correlate the central galaxy distribution with an X-ray emission map from the literature. Based on the analysis of the radial velocities and galaxy colour distributions, we find that galaxies redder than the colour–magnitude relation (CMR) have a velocity distribution strongly concentrated towards the values of the dominant galaxies and are homogeneously distributed throughout the cluster. Those bluer than the CMR, in turn, have a much more extended radial velocity distribution and are concentrated towards the centre of the cluster. We also identify 12 candidates to ultra diffuse galaxies, which seem to be split into two families, and speculate about their origins in the context of the cluster structure.
Improved nearest-neighbor parameters for the stability of RNA/DNA hybrids under a physiological condition
Authors: Banerjee Dipanwita , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Ohyama Tatsuya , Ghosh Saptarshi , Endoh Tamaki , Takahashi Shuntaro , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The stability of Watson–Crick paired RNA/DNA hybrids is important for designing optimal oligonucleotides for ASO (Antisense Oligonucleotide) and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)–Cas9 techniques. Previous nearest-neighbour (NN) parameters for predicting hybrid stability in a 1 M NaCl solution, however, may not be applicable for predicting stability at salt concentrations closer to physiological condition (e.g. ∼100 mM Na+ or K+ in the presence or absence of Mg2+). Herein, we report measured thermodynamic parameters of 38 RNA/DNA hybrids at 100 mM NaCl and derive new NN parameters to predict duplex stability. Predicted ΔG°37 and Tm values based on the established NN parameters agreed well with the measured values with 2.9% and 1.1°C deviations, respectively. The new results can also be used to make precise predictions for duplexes formed in 100 mM KCl or 100 mM NaCl in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, which can mimic an intracellular and extracellular salt condition, respectively. Comparisons of the predicted thermodynamic parameters with published data using ASO and CRISPR–Cas9 may allow designing shorter oligonucleotides for these techniques that will diminish the probability of non-specific binding and also improve the efficiency of target gene regulation.
Laxative use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease transitioning to dialysis
Authors: Sumida Keiichi , Dashputre Ankur A , Potukuchi Praveen K , Thomas Fridtjof , Obi Yoshitsugu , Molnar Miklos Z , Gatwood Justin D , Streja Elani , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), partly due to their dietary restrictions, comorbidities and medications. Laxatives are typically used for constipation management; however, little is known about laxative use and its associated factors in patients with advanced CKD transitioning to ESRD.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort of 102 477 US veterans transitioning to dialysis between October 2007 and March 2015, we examined the proportion of patients who filled a prescription for any type of laxative within each 6-month period over 36 months pre- and post-transition to ESRD. Factors associated with laxative use during the last 1-year pre-ESRD period were identified by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe proportion of patients prescribed laxatives increased as patients progressed to ESRD, peaking at 37.1% in the 6 months immediately following ESRD transition, then remaining fairly stable throughout the post-ESRD transition period. Among laxative users, stool softeners were the most commonly prescribed (∼30%), followed by hyperosmotics (∼20%), stimulants (∼10%), bulk formers (∼3%), chloride channel activator (&lt;1%) and several combinations of these. The use of anticoagulants, oral iron supplements, non-opioid analgesics, antihistamines and opioid analgesics were among the factors independently associated with pre-ESRD laxative use.ConclusionThe use of laxatives increased considerably as patients neared transition to ESRD, likely mirroring the increasing burden of drug-induced constipation during the ESRD transition period. Findings may provide novel insight into better management strategies to alleviate constipation symptoms and reduce medication requirements in patients with advanced CKD.
Preventing Varicella-Zoster: Advances With the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine
Authors: Ilyas Sahrish , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevention strategies against varicella zoster infection include chemoprophylaxis with acyclovir and live attenuated zoster vaccine. However, resistance to acyclovir has been problematic, and safety concerns have limited the use of the live attenuated vaccine in immunosuppressed patients. Recombinant zoster vaccine, made available in 2017 for the immunocompetent host, has been evaluated for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in several immunocompromised settings as well. The present review compares the live attenuated vaccine and the recombinant zoster vaccine and highlights data on the use of recombinant zoster vaccine in different immunocompromised states. Robust data are available for the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the recombinant vaccine in the autologous stem cell population, particularly among patients with multiple myeloma. The vaccine appears safe and immunogenic in populations including those with cancer (solid tumors and hematologic malignancies), HIV-infected patients, and renal transplant recipients. Efficacy and safety data in other populations are awaited before use of the recombinant vaccine can be more widespread. It is anticipated that an increased use of the recombinant zoster vaccine, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, would lead to a decreased use of acyclovir prophylaxis.
The Decline of Decent Work in the Twenty-First Century: Implications for Career Development
Authors: Gutowski Ellen R. , Blustein David L. , Kenny Maureen E. , Erby Whitney 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is twofold: (1) to provide an overview of the consequences of the decline in available, quality jobs throughout the world for the individual, community, and society; and (2) to discuss the implications of the changing world of work for career development, with a focus on the psychology of working theory. First, this chapter summarizes existing research and points to the necessity of decent work for well-being. It also reviews the rise in precarious work, resulting in work instability and poverty for a growing number of workers throughout the world. The chapter then discusses consequences of the changing labour market for community and society, articulating why the decline of decent work is a social justice issue. Specifically, the chapter highlights how access to decent work has historically been and continues to be disproportionately out of reach for those who face social and economic marginalization. Finally, the psychology of working theory is presented as a particularly enlightening theoretical contribution for career development work in the twenty-first century. The psychology of working theory asserts the important role of marginalization and economic constraints in hindering access to decent work. This theory also offers several implications for how scholars and practitioners might act to mitigate such deleterious social forces that contribute to poverty and inequality.
Bodies That Don’t Matter, but Labor That Does
Authors: Kathiravelu Laavanya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingapore and Dubai are hypermodern city-states that host large temporary migrant populations. The majority of this group is composed of low-wage workers, migrant men from India who labor under conditions of structural inequality and extreme precarity. While there is a growing literature that discusses the issues of debt bondage and unfair conditions of employment that these men face, there is far less interrogation of the everyday and embodied forms of discrimination they encounter. In taking a deeply embodied and ethnographic approach to understanding the experiences of low-wage migrant male workers in these two metropolises, this chapter demonstrates how they are subject to multiple tropes that, in totality, seek to marginalize and devalue their work and the more intangible “learning” of the city that they undertake as part of the migration trajectory. As a result, despite extended periods of sojourn, they are never fully incorporated into the urban.
The Moral Economy of Music in Tenganan, Bali
Authors: McGraw Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the relationship of economic, aesthetic, and economic life in the village of Tenganan, Bali, Indonesia. Music in Tenganan (primarily the slonding gamelan ensemble) is part of a complex cultural fabric weaving together the village’s aesthetic, ethical, and economic life, dynamically interconnected through both material and immaterial dimensions. I first outline a general concept of “goods” and “the good” that informs my analysis of the intersections of economic, ethical, and aesthetic life in Tenganan. I then describe communitarian life in Tenganan through a quick overview of the social history and organization of the village. Next I analyze the village’s material and immaterial economies. Ceremonial exchange, within which music is an important component, is the primary engine of the village economy. Finally, I describe ethics in Tenganan, explaining how different ethical regimes concretsely impact ceremonial, and therefore economic, practice.
Musical Economics of Urban Poverty: City Redevelopment and Gentrification in the Financing, Organization, and Interpretation of Music
Authors: Harrison Klisala 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I consider the impact of urban redevelopment on the financing, organization, and interpretation of local, urban musics. I focus on gentrification, which refers to the redevelopment of a socio-economically depressed urban neighborhood during which urban poor are displaced as it becomes reconstructed for and by the middle and upper economic classes. I argue that gentrification has specific relationships to the formal organization of music-making in a neighborhood—which financing and infrastructure patterns are found there, as well as which musical styles and representations occur. Often success with gentrification positively correlates with the flourishing of (performing) arts districts, and so-called creative economies to be consumed by the affluent. Which economic and social forces lead to gentrification, and what is gentrification’s relationship to music-making? During gentrification, which kinds of musical activities and expressions tend to be economically supported, and which left out, by formally organized music initiatives?
Self–Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model
Authors: Bollich-Ziegler Kathryn L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite the strong intuition that people know themselves well, much research in self-perception demonstrates the biases present when evaluating one’s own personality traits. What specifically are these blind spots in self-perceptions? Are self-perceptions always disconnected from reality? And under what circumstances might other people actually be more accurate about the self? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model suggests that because individuals and others differ in their susceptibility to biases or motivations and in the information they have access to, self- and other-knowledge will vary by trait. The present chapter outlines when and why other-perceptions are sometimes more accurate than self-perceptions, as well as when self-reports can be most trusted. Also discussed are next steps in the study of self- and other-knowledge, including practical, methodological, and interdisciplinary considerations and extensions. In sum, this chapter illustrates the importance of taking multiple perspectives in order to accurately understand a person.
Humanism in the Americas
Authors: Wayne White Carol 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of select trends, ideas, themes, and figures associated with humanism in the Americas, which comprises a diversified set of peoples, cultural traditions, religious orientations, and socio-economic groups. In acknowledging this rich tapestry of human life, the chapter emphasizes the impressive variety of developments in philosophy, the natural sciences, literature, religion, art, social science, and political thought that have contributed to the development of humanism in the Americas. The chapter also features modern usages of humanism that originated in the English-speaking world in the nineteenth century. In this context, humanism is best viewed as a contested site in which its meanings, usages, and rhetorical power reflect a wide range of ideological allegiances that include positive and negative connotations. The complex, layered processes of colonization that are a part of the history of the Americas will also inflect the varied usages and connotations of humanism.
Humanism and Class
Authors: Hutchinson Sikivu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although early twentieth century humanist discourse was informed by an explicit emphasis on class and socioeconomic redress, contemporary iterations within “organized humanism” have been less definitive. In the post–World War II era, humanist scholars and activists have taken diverse approaches to connecting organized humanism and humanist discourse with class politics and class analyses. Changing demographics in the United States, including the rise of “Religious Nones” and the US shift from a majority white population, may play a prominent role in clarifying the nexus between humanism and class analysis.
Conquest, Continuity, and Creation: Contesting Identities in Nineteenth-Century Natal
Authors: Tallie T.J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the contested, competing notions of inhabitance and continuity in the British colony of Natal during the nineteenth century. Despite the dislocations and predations of settler colonialism, the history of Natal is often also a history of African survival and adaptation. Colonial power dynamics may have favored settlers, but Africans continued to see themselves as the rightful and permanent occupants of the land. Even after the umuzi (homestead) was no longer able, owing to colonial pressures, to serve as the major vehicle of social and economic reproduction, African people continued to rely upon such earlier concepts as ukukhonza (obligations of service) or the amabutho (Zulu military regiment) to articulate personal connections and obligations to one another. Ideas of chieftaincy or service thus could be reshaped by Africans beyond colonial contexts in pursuit of social survival in Natal. Christianity and marriage, as well as alcohol production and consumption, also offered an arena for African adaptation and cultural continuity in the face of colonial hegemony, as well as a stage on which settlers could make their own claims. The chapter then looks at recent historiography in colonial Natal and identity.