bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oculoplastic considerations for refractive procedures
Authors: Denisova Ksenia , Barmettler Anne 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Refractive surgery is one of the most popular elective procedures performed in the world. Given that dry eye is a common complaint following keratorefractive surgery, evaluation, and treatment of periocular conditions that further predispose the patient to dry eye symptoms is an important part of the presurgical assessment. Periocular conditions and surgeries can also affect the ocular surface and keratometry, and should be addressed. For example, ptosis, orbital fat herniation, ectropion, and eyelid masses have been shown to induce corneal topography changes and astigmatism. The oculoplastic considerations for refractive surgery include both the contribution of eyelid position on dry eye, ocular surface damage, refractive error, and outcomes, as well as the timing of oculoplastic surgery in relation to the refractive surgery. In this review, the recently published literature on eyelid and orbital surgery in relation to keratorefractive surgery is reviewed to elucidate the relationship of periocular factors with refractive surgery outcomes and complications. To improve keratorefractive surgery outcomes, a literature review is presented, discussing evaluation, management, and timing of management of oculoplastics conditions.

Recent findings
Dry eye syndrome is a well known complication of keratorefractive procedures. This is exacerbated with concurrent eyelid or orbital disorders, such as ectropion, lagophthalmos, and thyroid eye disease. In addition to impacting dry eye and ocular surface damage, eyelid surgeries can also affect corneal topography and refraction. Studies have found that patients with ptosis have topographic corneal aberrations from the eyelid exerting pressure on the cornea, while ptosis repair and blepharoplasty patients may undergo an astigmatic change postoperatively. Finally, the corneal flap created in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis may be at risk for displacement or damage postoperatively with this risk changing, depending on method of flap creation, and time elapsed since keratorefractive surgery.

Summary
Eyelid and orbital conditions that predispose to dry eye syndrome and refractive changes should be evaluated and optimized prior to keratorefractive surgery. Patients electing to have oculoplastic surgery, like ptosis repair, should be fully healed prior to any refractive surgery to allow both refractive changes and eyelid positions to stabilize prior to the refractive surgery.
Continuous versus intermittent feeding of the critically ill: have we made progress?
Authors: Pletschette Zoé , Preiser Jean-Charles 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of reviewDespite the lack of high-quality data for many years, the discussion on the best modality for enteral nutrition has been going on with little changes pertaining in recent guidelines. The present work aims to provide an overview on the different arguments in favour of either continuous or noncontinuous modes of enteral feed administration, emphasizing both clinical and pathophysiological aspects and comparing their relevance.Recent findingsDifferent physiological effects deriving from enteral nutrition modes and that could impact on outcomes of care under critical illness settings are examined, such as glycaemic control and gastrointestinal motility. A further area of attention where recent efforts have been focusing is the issue of muscle and weakness under conditions of critical care.SummaryA clinical equipoise continues to characterize the analysis that can be drawn from examining the most recent research work on the subject, allowing to infer that the most practical mode in terms of the interest of patient safety and comfort has to be privileged in day-to-day clinical care.
Vasopressor use in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Levy Bruno , Klein Thomas , Kimmoun Antoine 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Data and interventional trials on vasopressor use during cardiogenic shock are scarce. Their use is limited by their side-effects and the lack of solid evidence regarding their effectiveness in improving outcomes. In the present article, we review the current use of vasopressor therapy during cardiogenic shock.

Recent findings
Two recent Cochrane analyses concluded that there was insufficient evidence to prove that any one vasopressor was superior to others in terms of mortality. A recent RCT and a meta-analysis on individual data suggested that norepinephrine may be preferred over epinephrine in patients with cardiogenic shock, in particular, after myocardial infarction. In patients with right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension, the use of vasopressin may be advocated under advanced monitoring.

Summary
When blood pressure needs to be restored, norepinephrine is a reasonable first-line agent. Information regarding comparative effective outcomes is sparse and their use should be limited to a temporary measure as a bridge to recovery, mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation.
Inotropic agents in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Polyzogopoulou Eftihia , Arfaras-Melainis Angelos , Bistola Vasiliki , Parissis John 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Cardiogenic shock is a multifactorial and diverse entity in which inotropes are the cornerstone therapy. Although published clinical trials have focused on pharmacologic treatment of cardiogenic shock, there is lack of an established and widely accepted decision-making algorithm on the use of inotropic agents in cardiogenic shock.

Recent findings
The current review incorporates cardiogenic shock pathophysiology, inotropes and vasopressors pharmacodynamics. It emphasizes on each agent's indications, potential adverse effects, highlights special considerations and fsummarizes the recent guidelines.

Summary
Finally, proposes an algorithm of inotropes and vasopressors use and their potential combinations based on the clinical stage of cardiogenic shock. This algorithm can be used as a guide during the initial management of cardiogenic shock while underlying cause investigation is underway.
DNA methylation and incident cardiovascular disease
Authors: Westerman Kenneth E. , Ordovás José M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that reflects both genetic and environmental influences over the life course and has the potential to be a robust biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, standard association studies linking DNA methylation and CVD are susceptible to reverse causation and may not directly translate into useful biomarkers of future disease. Studies of incident CVD represent a crucial tool for improving this evidence base.

Recent findings
Recent investigations have started to provide links between DNA methylation and incident CVD. Epigenome-wide association studies have suggested individual genetic loci in which differential methylation exists prior to disease onset, while multivariate predictive modeling approaches have made progress towards realizing the potential for DNA methylation as a predictive biomarker of CVD risk. Meanwhile, complementary analysis strategies such as Mendelian randomization have provided clues as to the causality of these epigenomic associations.

Summary
Taken together, this wave of studies provides the basis for a better understanding of CVD pathophysiology and the development of more confident biomarkers of CVD risk.
Machine-learning algorithms for predicting results in liver transplantation: the problem of donor–recipient matching
Authors: Briceño Javier , Ayllón María Dolores , Ciria Rubén 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Classifiers based on artificial intelligence can be useful to solve decision problems related to the inclusion or removal of possible liver transplant candidates, and assisting in the heterogeneous field of donor–recipient (D-R) matching.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence models can show a great advantage by being able to handle a multitude of variables, be objective and help in cases of similar probabilities. In the field of liver transplantation, the most commonly used classifiers have been artificial neural networks (ANNs) and random forest classifiers. ANNs are excellent tools for finding patterns which are far too complex for a clinician and are capable of generating near-perfect predictions on the data on which they are fit, yielding excellent prediction capabilities reaching 95% for 3 months graft survival. On the other hand, RF can overcome ANNs in some of their limitations, mainly because of the lack of information on the variables they provide. Random forest algorithms may allow for improved confidence with the use of marginal organs and better outcome after transplantation.

Summary
ANNs and random forest can handle a multitude of structured and unstructured parameters, and establish non explicit relationships among risk factors of clinical relevance.
Secondary Surgical Cytoreduction for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Coleman Robert L. , Spirtos Nick M. , Enserro Danielle , Herzog Thomas J. , Sabbatini Paul , Armstrong Deborah K. , Kim Jae-Weon , Park Sang-Yoon , Kim Byoung-Gie , Nam Joo-Hyun , Fujiwara Keiichi , Walker Joan L. , Casey Ann C. , Alvarez Secord Angeles , Rubin Steve , Chan John K. , DiSilvestro Paul , Davidson Susan A. , Cohn David E. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Basen-Engquist Karen , Huang Helen Q. , Brady Mark F. , Mannel Robert S. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2019;381:1929–1939)
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends secondary cytoreduction for ovarian cancer patients with recurrent disease who have received no treatment for a period of 6 months following a complete response from prior chemotherapy. Retrospective reviews and meta-analyses have shown the most benefit from this operation in those with platinum-sensitive disease and those with little or no postoperative residual disease.
Prospective Evaluation of Maternal Sleep Position Through 30 Weeks of Gestation and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Silver Robert M. , Hunter Shannon , Reddy Uma M. , Facco Francesca , Gibbins Karen J. , Grobman William A. , Mercer Brian M. , Haas David M. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Parry Samuel , Wapner Ronald J. , Louis Judette , Chung Judith M. , Pien Grace , Schubert Frank P. , Saade George R. , Zee Phyllis , Redline Susan , Parker Corette B. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;134:667–676)
Maternal sleep position has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. Despite prior data suggesting a relation between supine sleep position and adverse pregnancy outcomes, there remains uncertainty in regard to the validity of these findings, due to the potential for recall bias.
A Patient With Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19
Authors: Pattanakuhar Sintip , Tangvinit Chatchai , Kovindha Apichana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury and coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical spinal cord injury resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A with unrecognized, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This resulted in large-scale quarantines of related surgical and rehabilitation staff, and the unexpected death of the patient despite receiving the treatments according to the standard guideline. Rehabilitation personnel who take care of acute spinal cord injury patients with coronavirus disease 2019 should consider the effect of spinal cord injury on the course of coronavirus disease 2019, the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 and its treatments on the course of spinal cord injury, and risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission between patients and rehabilitation staff, to continue providing safe and effective rehabilitation programs.
Design of a Study to Measure Patient-Perspectives in Adverse Event Reporting (the PPAR Study): Supplementary Study to the ASPIRe Trial
Authors: Sung Vivian W. , Menefee Shawn , Dunivan Gena , Richter Holly E. , Moalli Pamela , Weidner Alison , Andy Uduak Umoh , Jelovsek Eric , Mazloomdoost Donna , Whitworth Ryan , Thomas Sonia ,   for the NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to compare patient versus physician rankings of adverse event (AE) and adverse symptom (AS) severity after pelvic reconstructive surgery. Secondary objectives include to estimate the association between patient rankings of AEs/ASs with decision-making and quality-of-life outcomes and to determine whether patient perspective about AE/AS changes over time.

Methods
This is a supplementary study, Patient-Perspectives in Adverse Event Reporting (PPAR), to the index trial, ASPIRe (Apical Suspension Repair for Vault Prolapse In a Three-Arm Randomized Trial Design). During the trial, AEs/ASs will be assessed by physicians longitudinally every 6 months, which includes a determination of the AE/AS grade severity. For PPAR, additional patient perspective will be measured for 19 predetermined AEs/ASs at the time of identification and again at 12 and 36 months postoperatively. Decision-making and quality-of-life questionnaires will be collected at these time points. The primary outcome, the overall interrater agreement between patient and physician rankings for AE/AS severity, will be determined using a repeated-measures concordance correlation coefficient.

Results
To date, the index trial has completed enrollment, and follow-up is ongoing.

Conclusions
The PPAR methods for incorporating patient perspective in the measurement of AEs/ASs to determine their agreement with physician ranking, long-term relevance, and impact on treatment decision making and quality of life are described. This will contribute to improved measurements of AEs/ASs in future research with the goal of improving patient counseling and informing expectations and treatment decision making.
The First Injection: Rates of Urinary Retention in Women With Urgency Incontinence Treated With Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection
Authors: Squires Natalie A. , Mueller Margaret G. , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Collins Sarah A. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Geynisman-Tan Julia 
Published: June 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe the rate of symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary retention and catheterization in women undergoing initial intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BnTA) injection for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).

Methods
This retrospective chart review included women receiving initial 100 U of BnTA injection for UUI for 5 years. Straight-catheterized postvoid residuals (PVRs) were performed 2 weeks after the injection. Women without the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, worsened urgency, inability to void, or suprapubic pain but with PVR of greater than 300 mL were characterized as having asymptomatic retention, whereas women with a PVR of greater than 150 and any of these symptoms were diagnosed with symptomatic retention.

Results
One hundred eighty-seven 187 patients received initial BnTA injection. The majority were postmenopausal (89%) and white (82%) with a mean age of 65 years and body mass index of 30 kg/m2. One-third of the cohort underwent baseline urodynamic studies. At 2 weeks after injection, 163 patients (87%) followed up, and 17 (10%) had either asymptomatic or symptomatic retention (2% and 8%, respectively). There were no differences in demographic or pretreatment urodynamic parameters in women with and without retention except that women who had previous anti–stress urinary incontinence procedures were more likely to experience retention (53% vs 18%, P = 0.002) despite similar baseline PVRs.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that the rate of retention requiring catheterization after 100 U BnTA may be as high as 10% although only 5% develop PVRs for 300 mL and only 2% have asymptomatic retention for 300 mL.
Anterior Bilateral Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Safe Route for Apical Repair
Authors: Solomon Ellen R. , St. Marie Peter , Jones Keisha A. , Harmanli Oz 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
Traditionally, sacrospinous ligament fixation is performed unilaterally with a posterior dissection for correction of apical vaginal prolapse. There is limited information on alternative techniques including bilateral application and use of anterior vaginal dissection for this procedure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anatomic and perioperative outcomes in women who have undergone bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation through an anterior approach.

Methods
This cohort represents women in our prospective repository who underwent anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation between September 2011 and June 2014. Concomitant procedures were performed as indicated. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification points were measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively and were compared. Perioperative outcome measures and adverse events were also analyzed.

Results
In this cohort, 144 women underwent anterior approach to bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation. The patients’ mean age was 57.8 ± 10.9 years, and the average body mass index was 29.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2. In patients who underwent anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation, points Aa, Ba, C, Gh, Ap, and Bp remained at stage I or less when compared with pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurements at the baseline. Perioperative and postoperative complications were minimal, with 1 (0.7%) patient requiring a blood transfusion and 3 (2%) patients suffered from intraoperative lower urinary tract injuries, none of which were attributable to the sacrospinous fixation part of the procedure.

Conclusions
Anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation is a safe and effective procedure for reestablishing apical support in a patient with apical vaginal prolapse.
Does a Hysterectomy Hurt? Comparing Narcotic Requirements and Pain Scores in Patients Undergoing Apical Prolapse Repair With or Without Hysterectomy
Authors: Gillingham Akira , Kenton Kimberly , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Brown Oluwateniola , Collins Sarah A. , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Mueller Margaret G. 
Published: June 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare narcotic requirements with early postoperative pain scores in women undergoing apical prolapse surgery with or without hysterectomy.

Methods
All cases of apical prolapse repair at our institution in 2016 were identified. The following was abstracted from the health record: demographics, comorbidities, procedure details, baseline and postoperative care unit (PACU) pain scores, and operating room (OR) and PACU narcotic doses. Doses were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for analysis. Correlations are reported using Pearson ρ.

Results
One hundred fifty-six cases were identified. Seventy-eight percent of participants were white and the mean ± SD age was 59 ± 11 years. One hundred seventeen patients (75%) underwent laparoscopic/robotic sacrocolpopexy, 35 (22%) native tissue vaginal repairs, and 4 (3%) open sacrocolpopexy. One hundred twenty-two patients (78%) underwent concomitant hysterectomy: 93 (76%) were laparoscopic, 25 (20%) vaginal, and 4 (4%) abdominal.
The groups were similar, with the exception of younger age and longer OR time in the hysterectomy group. Hysterectomy by any route was not associated with increased OR MMEs (29 vs 22, P = 0.22), PACU MMEs (13 vs 13, P = 0.54), 4-hour PACU pain scores (2.5 vs 2.0, P = 0.22), or 6-hour PACU pain scores (2.6 vs 2.3, P = 0.54). After controlling for age and OR time, there remained no differences in these variables. Likewise, when analyzing laparoscopic or vaginal groups separately on multivariate regression, there were no differences in MMEs or postoperative pain scores in patients with and without concomitant hysterectomy.

Conclusions
Concomitant hysterectomy at the time of prolapse repair does not increase pain medication requirements or patient-reported postoperative pain scores.
Resistant maltodextrin intake reduces virulent metabolites in the gut environment: randomized control study in a Japanese cohort
Authors: Nishimoto Yuichiro , Mizuguchi Yoshinori , Mori Yuka , Ito Masaki , Miyazato Shoko , Kishimoto Yuka , Yamada Takuji , Fukuda Shinji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, there have been many reports on the effects of prebiotics on intestinal health. In particular, consuming resistant maltodextrin (RMD) has been reported to be beneficial. However, there has been no comprehensive quantification of the effect of RMD on the intestinal environment. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the effects of RMD on the intestine, especially the intestinal microbiome and metabolome profiles.DesignA randomized, double-blind controlled trial was conducted in 29 Japanese subjects with relatively high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Subjects consumed RMD or placebo twice per day for 24 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after intake. The intestinal environment was assessed by a metabologenomics approach combined with 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome and mass spectrometry-based metabologenomics analyses.ResultsThe intake of RMD increased the levels of Bifidobacterium and Fusicatenibacter, and decreased deoxycholate. In addition, intake of the RMD lowered the levels of some virulent metabolites, such as imidazole propionate and trimethylamine, in subjects with an initially high amount of those metabolites.ConclusionRMD may have beneficial effects on the gut environment such as commensal microbiota modulation and reduction of virulence metabolites, known as a causative factor in metabolic disorders. However, its effect partially depends on the gut environmental baseline.
Increased expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, in alveolar and bronchial epithelium of smokers and COPD subjects
Authors: Jacobs Merel , Van Eeckhoutte Hannelore P , Wijnant Sara RA , Janssens Wim , Joos Guy F , Brusselle Guy G , Bracke Ken R 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTRationaleSmokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).ObjectivesWe investigated the expression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 in lung tissue from never smokers and smokers with and without COPD.MethodsIn a cross-sectional, observational study we measured mRNA expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by RT-PCR in lung tissue samples from 120 well phenotyped subjects. Next, protein levels of ACE2 were visualized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections from 87 subjects and quantified in alveolar and bronchial epithelium. Finally, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured at air liquid interface and exposed to air or cigarette smoke.ResultsACE2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in lung tissue from current smokers and subjects with moderate to very severe COPD and correlated with physiological parameters of airway obstruction and emphysema. Pulmonary expression levels of TMPRSS2 were significantly higher in patients with (very) severe COPD and correlated significantly with ACE2 expression. Importantly, protein levels of ACE2 were elevated in both alveolar and bronchial epithelium of current smokers and subjects with moderate to very severe COPD. Finally, TMPRSS2 mRNA expression increased inin vitrocultured HBECs upon acute exposure to cigarette smoke.ConclusionsWe demonstrate increased expression of ACE2 in lungs of smokers and COPD subjects, which might facilitate host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. These findings help identifying populations at risk for severe COVID-19.