bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess Pharmacokinetic Linearity,
Safety, and Tolerability of Trimetazidine - Modified Release in Healthy Human
Subjects
Authors: Körnicke Thomas , Arora Deepa , Samad Abdus , Kaplan Sigal , Domahidy Mónika , de Voogd Hanka , Böhmert Stella , Ramos Rita Silveira , Jain Shashank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim This study assessed the linearity of pharmacokinetics (PK) of
trimetazidine (TMZ) modified-release tablets (indicated in adults as an add-on
therapy for stable angina pectoris) and measured its renal elimination, safety,
and tolerability in healthy subjects.
Methods This was a randomized, open-label, single-ascending dose study in
healthy subjects. Subjects were administered with a single dose of 35, 70, or
105 mg TMZ-modified release tablets (six subjects each). Pharmacokinetic
evaluations and safety analysis were performed before the first dose and till
48 h post-first dose.
Results Following administration of 35, 70, and 105 mg
TMZ-modified release; the Cmax (mean±SD) was 79.32
(±23.08), 153.17 (±23.08), and 199.67 (±23.08)
ng/mL, the Tmax was 5.42 (±0.49), 4.51
(±1.27), and 4.57 (±0.96) h, t1/2 was 7.75
(±1.62), 6.40 (±1.23), and 6.50 (±1.18) h,
AUC(0-inf) was 1116.89 (±378.35), 1838.39
(±284.50), and 2504.84 (±348.35) ng.h/mL, CLR
was 13.70 (±2.24), 14.80 (±5.91), and 19.58 (±6.24)
L·h−1 and CL/F was 33.69 (±8.51),
38.85 (±6.15), and 42.74 (±7.10)
L·h−1, respectively. Slope estimates for
AUC(0-inf), AUC(0-t), and Cmax were less
than 1. Corresponding 95% CI of the slope for the AUC parameters
excluded 1, indicating that the deviation from dose-proportionality was
statistically significant. Corresponding 95% CI of the slope for
Cmax included 1, indicating that the less than dose-proportional
increase in Cmax was not statistically significant. No significant
adverse events were observed.
Conclusion Substantial deviation from a dose-proportional increase in
AUC(0-inf) and AUC(0-t) suggested a non-linear PK for
TMZ-modified release. Single dose of TMZ-modified release was well tolerated and
safe.
„So good it might become an addiction“ – Ein kritischer Kommentar zur Markteinführung der neuen Coca-Cola-Freestyle-Automaten
Authors: Schneider Sven , Hilger-Kolb Jennifer , Mata Jutta 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Konsum von Softdrinks bewegt sich in Deutschland seit etwa 10 Jahren auf hohem Niveau. Besonders beliebt sind Softdrinks unter Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Ziel verhältnispräventiver Maßnahmen ist eine Reduktion des Softdrinkkonsums als Teil der Krankheits- und Übergewichtsprävention. Freestyle-Automaten ermöglichen Nutzerinnen und Nutzern Eigenkreationen aus Geschmackskombinationen, Kohlensäure-, Zucker- und Koffeingehalt. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand von 3 Thesen auf, weshalb Freestyle-Automaten den Konsum von Softdrinks von Jugendlichen deutlich erhöhen könnten: (1) Freestyle-Automaten sprechen zentrale soziale Bedürfnisse Jugendlicher nach Anerkennung und Zugehörigkeit in der Peergroup an; (2) Apps vermarkten Softdrinks aus Freestyle-Automaten gezielt an Jugendliche und nutzen deren sozialen Medienkonsum systematisch aus; (3) Wasser wird als Getränkeoption durch die Einführung von Freestyle-Automaten weiter marginalisiert und noch unattraktiver gemacht. Freestyle-Automaten nutzen die Bedürfnisse einer vulnerablen Zielgruppe gezielt aus, um mehr Softdrinks zu verkaufen. Sie sollten daher seitens der Wissenschaft und der Politik als Teil einer adipogenen Umwelt erkannt werden, um verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Elektrokauterisierung eines Compound-Naevus
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungBei einer 34-jährigen Patientin wurde von einem Hautarzt eine klinisch als Compound-Naevus diagnostizierte Hautveränderung im Gesichtsbereich auf Wunsch der Patientin aus kosmetischen Gründen mittels Elektrokoagulation operativ entfernt. Im Nachgang kam es zur Entwicklung einer Narbe und Pigmentierung im Exzisionsbereich, sodass durch einen zweiten Hautarzt eine Nachexzision erfolgte, die ein Naevus-Rezidiv ergab.Die Schlichtungsstelle stellte fest, dass die aus kosmetischer Indikation erfolgte elektrochirurgische Therapie des Naevus im Gesicht aufgrund der problembehafteten Tiefensteuerung der Epidermiszerstörung mit zum Teil unvollständiger Gewebedestruktion und somit dem Risiko eines Rezidivnaevus nicht dem Facharztstandard entsprach und damit als fehlerhaftes ärztliches Handeln zu beurteilen sei. Die nach Rezidivoperation verbliebene Narbenbildung sei jedoch nicht als Folge der Elektrokoagulationstherapie zu bewerten.Melanozytäre Compound-Naevi ohne klinische oder auflichtmikroskopische Zeichen der Malignität oder der Dysplasie sind keine medizinische Indikation für eine Behandlung. Falls sie für Patienten kosmetisch störend sind, können sie entfernt werden, wobei die Exzision mit dermatohistologischer Untersuchung des Präparates die Methode der Wahl ist. Gewebsdestruierende Methoden könnten allenfalls dann vertretbar sein, wenn die Patienten über das verbleibende Risiko einer mangelnden Beurteilbarkeit der kompletten Entfernung der Läsion aufgeklärt und dieses in Kauf zu nehmen bereit sind. Der vorliegende Fall zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden Aufklärung und ihrer besonderen Dokumentation bei kosmetischen dermatologischen Prozeduren.
Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yadav Ramakant , Srivastava Dhiraj Kumar , Bajpai Prashant Kumar , Kumar Raj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the coronavirus family. The primary target of SARS-CoV-2 is peripheral mucosal cells of respiratory tract. Recent days have seen few cases where virus has affected extrapulmonary organ such as nervous system.

Materials and Methods The present study was a narrative review done using techniques of systemic review, that is, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases such as PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar were searched systematically for published article from December 1, 2019 to June 5, 2020. A total of 189 articles were initially selected by the authors. A final list of 17 articles was prepared and following information were extracted from selected studies: study design, main result, and limitations of the study.

Results Majority of these article were descriptive studies describing spectrum of signs and symptoms among admitted patients. In majority of these studies, patients have developed symptoms suggestive of neurological involvement. Most common central nervous system symptoms reported were headache, followed by dizziness and confusion. Similarly, the most common peripheral nervous system involvement was loss of taste and smell.

Conclusion The present study concludes that there are enough evidences to prove that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects both central and peripheral nervous system. Various mechanisms are proposed to explain the pathophysiology of neurological manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients that needs to be established and verified.
Predictors of throwing performance in amateur male cricketers: A musculoskeletal approach
Authors: Ahmed Safwaan , Brown James , Gray Janine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptimal throwing speed and accuracy is built on a complex interaction of multiple variables. Although strength and power has been associated with throwing speed in cricketers, the individual muscles that contribute to optimal function of the shoulder‐complex has not been adequately explored in connection with throwing performance. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between musculoskeletal variables and overhead throwing performance in cricketers. Thirty‐two amateur male cricketers were tested using a battery of 16 tests (strength, flexibility, scapula positioning) as well as a throwing speed (TS) and a novel accuracy test (TA). Only two of the sixteen tests were correlated with throwing performance in the multiple regression analysis. Non‐dominant hip abduction strength correlated positively with TS (p < 0.05): on average, a strength increase of 10 newtons (N) was associated with an increase in TS of 0.60 km/h (95% CI: 0.12–1.08). Non‐dominant pectoralis minor length correlated positively with TA (p < 0.01): on average, a one‐centimetre increase in the length correlated to an increase, of 0.633 points (95% CI: 0.225–1.041). This cross‐sectional study demonstrated that from an array of musculoskeletal variables, only non‐dominant hip abduction strength correlated with TS, while only non‐dominant pectoralis minor length correlated with TA in amateur cricketers.
Circuit analogue of relativistic aberration of light using low-cost, low-complexity operational amplifier-based all-pass filters
Authors: Dingel Benjamin B , de Castro Krystel Iris , Dagohoy Jan Llenzl , Libatique Nathaniel , Oppus Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We propose, simulate, and experimentally demonstrate a circuit analogue of a special relativity phenomenon known as relativistic aberration of light (RAL) by using a surprisingly simple, low-cost, and easily accessible electronic circuit-based all-pass filter. This work is useful for two audiences: (i) physicists who are interested in research on circuit analogues; and (ii) physics educators who are interested in using the research results to raise interest among students by incorporating analogue-based learning into undergraduate physics lecture and laboratory courses. For the first type of audience, we present a rigorous theoretical framework describing this RAL-on-an-electronic-chip analogy. We show by (i) analytical modelling, (ii) commercial circuit software simulation, and (iii) experiment that the electrical phase shift Φ of the output signal is analogous to the RAL angle, Ψ. This parameter opens up a path among researchers to model the effects of other relativistic phenomena with electronic circuits. For the second type of audience, we discuss the potential role of RAL-on-an-electronic-chip in physics education (both in lectures and laboratory) that combines students’ learnings of both physics and electronic circuits, at the same time. We also explore briefly its relevance to engineering education.
Physics teacher candidates’ awareness of idealizations used in mathematical models*
Authors: Şengören Serap Kaya , Çoban Atakan , Büyükdede Mert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Equations, as mathematical models—used to explain facts—are simplified, especially when learning physics at a basic level, to help in the understanding of complex systems that depend on many variables. These simplifications are idealizations in the literature, where abstractions and approximations are also given for the same concept. When reading about a model, knowing that it is idealized, and realizing what the idealizations are, is very important in enabling the reader to understand complex operations correctly. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether or not students are aware of the idealizations used in some mathematical models to explain complex facts in physics education. This study is organized as a simple survey model. The data for the study were collected from a test consisting of 14 open-ended questions within a basic physics context. The test was given to 60 pre-service teachers studying physics and science education. The questions were prepared considering the idealizations in some mathematical models that are frequently used in physics lessons. The results of the study are given along with content analysis and frequency tables of the open-ended questions, with the help of rubrics developed by the researchers. The data obtained showed that the majority of the prospective teachers participating in the study were not aware of the idealizations in the equations, and those using the idealizations generally used irrelevant and incorrect idealizations.
Dynamic dielectric-response model of flexoelectric polarization from kHz to MHz range in an ordered assembly of BaTiO3 nanocubes
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Itasaka Hiroki , Mimura Ken-ichi , Kato Kazumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to the strain gradient near each surface of a BaTiO3 nanocube in their ordered assembly, electric polarization appears due to flexoelectric effect. The magnitude of the flexoelectric polarization could be one order of magnitude larger than that of ferroelectric spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3. Thus, dielectric response of an assembly could be dominated by that of the flexoelectric polarization if there is no ferroelectric domain-wall motion. Numerical simulations of the dielectric response of a BaTiO3 nanocube in an ordered assembly are performed from kHz to MHz range based on a dynamic model of flexoelectric polarization assuming anharmonic potential. The calculated temperature dependence of the dielectric constant is consistent with the experimental data of high dielectric constant with nearly-flat temperature dependence. It is suggested that high dielectric constant with nearly-flat temperature dependence is not originated in ferroelectric nature of BaTiO3 nanocubes but originated in flexoelectric polarization in nanocubes which is also seen in non-ferroelectric materials.
Theoretical investigation of the scanning tunneling microscopy of Majorana bound states in topological superconductor vortices
Authors: Wu B H , Hassan S A , Gong W J , Xu X F , Wang C R , Cao J C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an indispensable tool in detecting Majorana bound states (MBSs) in vortices of topological superconductors. By reducing the computational complexity via non-uniform grids, we systematically study the tunnel coupling as well as the temperature dependence of the differential conductance of MBSs in two dimensional devices. Numerical results show that the conductance peak approaches the quantized value 2e
2/h in strong coupling limit at low temperatures which are characteristic features of MBSs. More interestingly, a conductance local minimum in the spatially scanning is observed when the STM tip is placed at the vortex center. The dip structure can be enhanced with increased temperature or enlarged vortex size. We ascribe this observation to the sensitivity of the Andreev reflection processes of carriers at the vortex center where the thermal energy could be comparable to the vanishing pair potential. We also investigate the STM of two-vortex systems where the hybridization of the vortices can lead to oscillatory behavior of the state energy. With small inter-vortex distances, the original MBSs in vortices can merge into topologically trivial states and the conductance peak can be significantly suppressed.
Joint optimization of statistical and deep representation features for bearing fault diagnosis based on random subspace with coupled LASSO
Authors: Li XiangQi , Zhang Feng , Wang Gang , Fang Fang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In bearing fault diagnosis, statistical features and deep representation features reflect the signal characteristics from different perspectives and demonstrate tremendous diagnostic potential. Nevertheless, previous studies have paid little attention to the heterogeneousity between statistical and deep representation features. Besides, directly combining these two kinds of features may also lead to redundancy and conflict, which may negatively affect the diagnostic performance. To address this issue, an enhanced random subspace method with coupled LASSO (RS-CL) is proposed in this paper to jointly optimize statistical and deep representation features. In the feature extraction stage, statistical features are constructed from the time-domain, frequency-domain and time-frequency domain, while deep representation features are extracted by bidirectional long short-term memory. In the model construction stage, an enhanced RS-CL method is developed to generate more efficient and diverse base classifiers. To verify the performance of the proposed RS-CL method, experiments were conducted on a bearing fault diagnosis data set provided by the University of Paderborn. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
On moving hypersurfaces and the discontinuous ODE-system associated with two-phase flows
Authors: Bothe Dieter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider the initial value problem

x

̇

(

t

)

=
v

(

t
,
x

(

t

)

)

for

t
∈

(

a
,
b

)

,
x

(

t

0

)

=

x

0

which determines the pathlines of a two-phase flow, i.e. v = v(t, x) is a given velocity field of the type

v

(

t
,
x

)

=

v

+

(

t
,
x

)

if

x
∈

Ω

+

(

t

)

v

−

(

t
,
x

)

if

x
∈

Ω

−

(

t

)

with Ω±(t) denoting the bulk phases of the two-phase fluid system under consideration. The bulk phases are separated by a moving and deforming interface Σ(t) at which v can have jump discontinuities. Since flows with phase change are included, the pathlines are allowed to cross or touch the interface. Imposing a kind of transversality condition at Σ(t), which is intimately related to the mass balance in such systems, we show existence and uniqueness of absolutely continuous solutions of the above ODE in case the one-sided velocity fields v
± are continuous in (t, x) and locally Lipschitz continuous in x on their respective domain of definition. A main step in proving this result, also interesting in itself, is to freeze the interface movement by means of a particular coordinate transform which requires a tailor-made extension of the intrinsic velocity field underlying a

C

1
,
2

-family of moving hypersurfaces.
Madelung transform and probability densities in hybrid quantum–classical dynamics
Authors: Gay-Balmaz François , Tronci Cesare 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper extends the Madelung–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics to describe the time-reversible interaction of classical and quantum systems. The symplectic geometry of the Madelung transform leads to identifying hybrid quantum–classical Lagrangian paths extending the Bohmian trajectories from standard quantum theory. As the classical symplectic form is no longer preserved, the nontrivial evolution of the Poincaré integral is presented explicitly. Nevertheless, the classical phase-space components of the hybrid Bohmian trajectory identify a Hamiltonian flow parameterized by the quantum coordinate and this flow is associated to the motion of the classical subsystem. In addition, the continuity equation of the joint quantum–classical density is presented explicitly. While the von Neumann density operator of the quantum subsystem is always positive-definite by construction, the hybrid density is generally allowed to be unsigned. However, the paper concludes by presenting an infinite family of hybrid Hamiltonians whose corresponding evolution preserves the sign of the probability density for the classical subsystem.
Noise-induced stabilization of saddle-node ghosts
Authors: Sardanyés Josep , Raich Carles , Alarcón Tomás 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is known that saddle-node (s-n) bifurcations leave a saddle remnant (or ghost) in the region of the phase space where the annihilation of the fixed points occurred. The corresponding time delay, t
d, found right after the bifurcation is known to follow the scaling law

t

d

∼

(

ϵ
−

ϵ

c

)

−
1
/
2

, where ϵ and ϵ
c are the control parameter and its critical value, respectively. While the properties of such delays are well understood for deterministic systems, much less is known about how intrinsic noise influences this phenomenon. As a first step towards analysing this issue, in this article we explore a model with autocatalysis and a two-species hypercycle to analyse the impact of noise on delayed transitions in one- and two-dimensional dynamical systems suffering a s-n bifurcation. The first model is investigated with Gillespie simulations and the diffusion approximation, focusing on the behaviour and properties close to the bifurcation. A Fokker–Planck equation is derived, together with the stochastic potential. We show that the slowing down of the dynamics remains robust to noise. In fact, we prove both analytically and numerically that increasing noise lengthens the delays after bifurcation threshold. Furthermore, the inverse square-root scaling law is not robust to fluctuations. By contrast, scaling properties are identified in the mean extinction times as criticality is approached from above the bifurcation. This noise-induced stabilisation of the delays is also found in the two-dimensional system.
Density functional theory studies of hydrogen bonding vibrations in sI gas hydrates
Authors: Wang Hao-Cheng , Zhu Xu-Liang , Cao Jing-Wen , Qin Xiao-Ling , Yang Ye-Chen , Niu Tian-Xiao , Lu Ying-Bo , Zhang Peng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To analyze the vibrational modes of water and methane in structure I gas hydrates, we constructed a 178-atom supercell with two small cages of type 512 and six large cages of type 51262. We applied the density functional theory method to simulate the vibrational spectrum and normal modes of methane hydrates. In accord with our previous studies, we confirmed that two groups of hydrogen bond (H-bond) peaks (at around 291 and 210 cm−1) in the translational bands come from two kinds of intermolecular H-bond vibrational modes. This is the first investigation of H-bond vibrations in methane hydrates. The partial modes of CH4 were extracted. We found that the CH4 phonons in the translational region are below 180 cm−1 so that the influence of methane on the H-bond is insignificant. We proposed a new method to decompose gas hydrates via direct application of terahertz radiation to the H-bonds. Herein, we confirmed that CH4 molecules do not absorb this energy.
Design of an impeller for a fire fighting pump
Authors: Paluch Maciej , Noga Marcin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the design of a single-stage centrifugal pump impeller for use in a fire vehicle. For such a task, the set utility parameters were determined, and then several methods were used to determine the geometry and dimensions of a given impeller. The project uses A. Stepanoff’s formulas, correction of power consumption reduction (Pfleiderer coefficient), as well as the method of point selection of the width of the impeller cross-section in relation to the changing radius of the impeller. A graphical representation of the pump flow rate and pump head depending on the type of impeller and the pump characteristic speed has enabled convenient analysis in terms of assumed pump performance. The procedure adopted in the project did not require the use of advanced engineering tools. The obtained result in the form of geometry and dimensions of the designed result coincides with the parameters of the impellers used in fire pumps currently in use. In the last step of the project, a three-dimensional impeller model was developed, which is a good starting point for optimization by simulation and then experimental verification on a real object.