bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral modeling of permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by PWM inverters considering iron losses due to carrier harmonics
Authors: Shutta Yusaku , Takahashi Yasuhito , Fujiwara Koji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for behavioral modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) fed by a PWM inverter considering the iron losses due to carrier harmonics. In the proposed method, an inductance is connected in series with an iron loss resistance in the equivalent circuit of the PMSM to suppress the harmonic current due to carrier harmonics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by comparing the numerical results of iron losses of the PMSM obtained using a finite‐element method and the newly derived equivalent circuit.
CD8+ T cells mediate ultraviolet A‐induced immunomodulation in a model of extracorporeal photochemotherapy
Authors: Hequet Olivier , Nosbaum Audrey , Guironnet‐Paquet Aurélie , Blasco Elisabeth , Nicolas‐Virelizier Emmanuelle , Griffith Thomas S. , Rigal Dominique , Cognasse Fabrice , Nicolas Jean‐François , Vocanson Marc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) that takes advantage of the immunomodulatory effects of UV light has been extensively used for many years for the treatment of several T cell–mediated diseases, including graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) and systemic scleroderma. Immune mechanisms that lead to the establishment of T cell tolerance in ECP‐treated patients remain poorly known. In this study, we have tested the effect of UV/psoralen‐treated BM‐derived dendritic cells, referred to as ECP‐BMDCs on the outcome of an antigen‐specific T cell‐mediated reaction, that is, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), which is mediated by CD8+ effector T cells (CD8+Teff). The intravenous (i.v.) injection of antigen‐pulsed ECP‐BMDCs in recipient C57BL/6 mice induced specific CD8+ T cells endowed with immunomodulatory properties (referred to as CD8+TECP), which prevented the priming of CD8+Teff and the development of CHS, independently of conventional CD4+ regulatory T cells. CD8+TECP mediated tolerance by inhibiting the migration and functions of skin DC and subsequently the priming of CD8+Teff. CD8+TECP displayed none of the phenotypes of the usual CD8+T regulatory cells described so far. Our results reveal an underestimated participation of CD8+ T cells to ECP‐induced immunomodulation that could explain the therapeutic effects of ECP in T cell‐mediated diseases.
Close to me: The importance of closeness versus superficiality in explaining the positive‐negative contact asymmetry
Authors: Fuochi Giulia , Voci Alberto , Boin Jessica , Hewstone Miles 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evidence for differential effects of positive and negative intergroup contact on prejudice is mixed. We propose that the closeness of the relationships respondents have with contact partners can explain inconsistencies in previous findings. In three studies (total N = 953), we tested the associations between positive intimate, negative intimate, positive superficial, and negative superficial contact and attitudes toward different outgroups (immigrants and gay people). We hypothesized that: (H1) the effect of positive contact would be maximized in intimate interactions; (H2) the effect of negative contact would be maximized in superficial interactions; (H3) positive intimate and negative superficial contact would have similar power in predicting attitudes. Results always supported H1, and supported H2 and H3 only with immigrants. Findings held also when controlling for category salience and agreeableness, but not for social dominance orientation, which instead strengthened the effect of negative superficial contact. Overall, findings clarify the positive–negative contact asymmetry.
RETRACTED: Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor of Bisphenol A
Authors: Yang Liqin , Zhao Zhiju , Hu Jie , Wang Huibin , Dong Junfang , Wan Xiang , Cai Zhenyu , Li Mengying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, g‐C3N4, CuO and g‐C3N4/CuO−X (where × can be 3, 6, or 9) were synthesized through hydrothermal and calcination methods and used to fabricate photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for detection of bisphenol A (BPA). CuO nanoparticles covered with g‐C3N4 were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aptasensor based on g‐C3N4/CuO‐6 possessed high PEC activity due to its good conductivity and low electron recombination rate. PEC experiments demonstrate that the aptasensor based on g‐C3N4/CuO‐6 exhibits a broad linear range towards BPA from 0.02–10 ng L−1 and 50–1200 ng L−1 and reveals superior stability, selectivity and repeatability. Thus, g‐C3N4/CuO‐6 composite is a promising material for the determination of BPA in PEC field and has commercially viable.
Porous Molybdenum Carbide Nanostructured Catalyst toward Highly Sensitive Biomimetic Sensing of H2O2
Authors: Li Juan , Tang Chun , Liang Taotao , Tang Chuyue , Lv Xiaohui , Tang Kanglai , Li Chang Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are great challenges to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive enzyme‐free biomimetic sensor. Herein for the first time a unique nanostructure of porous molybdenum carbide impregnated in N‐doped carbon (p‐Mo2C/NC) is synthesized by using SiO2 nanocrystals‐templating method and is further used as an enzyme‐free electrochemical biosensor toward highly selective, sensitive detection of H2O2, of which the limit of detection, dynamic detection range and sensitivity accomplish as 0.22 μM, 0.05–4.5 mM and 577.14 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively, and are much superior to the non‐porous molybdenum carbide impregnated in N‐doped carbon (Mo2C/NC). The sensor is also used to monitor H2O2 released from A549 living cells. This work holds a great promise to be used to monitor the presence of H2O2 in biological research while offering an important knowledge to design a highly selective and sensitive biomimetic sensor by synthesizing a porous catalyst to greatly improve the reaction surface area rather than conventionally only relying on dispersing the catalyst material into porous carbon substrate.
Complex three‐dimensional microparticles from microfluidic lithography
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Liqiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex 3D microparticle, as an emerging and attractive field, has attracted more and more attention due to its versatile morphologies and broad range of applications. In this review, we provide an overall recent progress in 3D microparticles fabricated by microfluidic lithography. This review will focus on the synthesis mechanisms, synthesis process, the resultant 3D microparticles, and their applications. Finally, we will look into the future trends in complex 3D microparticles. This review will be beneficial for researchers in numerous fields, including functional materials, sensors, encryption, and biomedical engineering.
An improved diffuse interface method for three‐dimensional multiphase flows with complex interface deformation
Authors: Zhang Tongwei , Wu Jie , Lin Xingjian 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAn improved diffuse interface (DI) method is proposed for accurately capturing complex interface deformation in simulations of three‐dimensional (3D) multiphase flows. In original DI methods, the unphysical phenomenon of interface thickening or blurring can affect the accuracy of numerical simulations, especially for flows with large density ratio and high Reynolds number. To remove this drawback, in this article, an interface‐compression term is introduced into the Cahn‐Hilliard equation to suppress the interface dispersion. The additional term only takes effect in the interface region and works normal to the interface. The difference of the current method from the previous work is that the compression rate can be adjusted synchronously according to the magnitude of local vorticity, which is strongly correlated to the interface dispersion and changes with the computational time and interface position. Numerical validations of the proposed method are implemented by simulating problems of Laplace law, Rayleigh‐Taylor instability, bubble rising in a channel, and binary droplet collision. The obtained results agree well with the analytical solutions and published data. The numerical results show that the phenomenon of interface dispersion is suppressed effectively and the tiny interfacial structures in flow field can be captured accurately.
The aptitude of commercial yeast strains for lowering the ethanol content of wine
Authors: Puškaš Vladimir S. , Miljić Uroš D. , Djuran Jovana J. , Vučurović Vesna M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe high alcohol content in wine usually has a negative impact on its sensory properties, but can also affect the general health of the consumers. The possibility to reduce ethanol production in wines during fermentation involves the use of different yeast strains characterized by the increased production of fermentation by‐products (glycerol, 2,3‐butanediol, etc.) from the available sugar. The activity of these strains should not impair the sensory properties of the wine. In general, the use of genetically and evolutionarily (non‐GM) engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is still not close enough to commercial application, and therefore, it is unavailable for wine producers. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the possibility of reducing the production of ethanol in wines using different selected yeast strains (S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima) available at the market. The application of individual yeast and sequential inoculation for wine alcoholic fermentation was examined. The achieved effects were evaluated by determining the content of ethanol, as well as fermentation by‐products (glycerol and volatile acids) and aromatic components in wine samples. Depending on the strain/s used, a decrease in ethanol content of up to 0.9% v/v was recorded in comparison with fermentation by S. cerevisiae alone. The sensory analysis of produced wine showed significant differences in taste and flavor. The results of the experiment conducted at the laboratory level and with the use of sterile must were compared to the ones from the scale‐up experiment in real vinification conditions. The observed differences in the alcohol content of produced wines were significantly lower.
Cost‐effectiveness of an in‐home respite care program to support informal caregivers of persons with dementia: A model‐based analysis
Authors: Vandepitte Sophie , Putman Koen , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Verhaeghe Nick , Annemans Lieven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate cost‐effectiveness of an in‐home respite care program in addition to standard community‐based dementia care to support informal caregivers of persons with dementia compared with standard community‐based dementia care.MethodsAn age‐dependent decision‐analytic Markov model was applied from a third‐party payer and a societal perspective projecting results of a quasi‐experimental study over a time horizon of 5 years assuming a repetition of the program every 6 months. Additionally, to deal with uncertainty and to test robustness of the model scenario, one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsImplementing the program resulted in a quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gain of 0.14 in favor of the invention group compared with controls and an incremental cost of 1270€ from the third‐party payer perspective and of 1220€ from the societal perspective. Next, an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of 9042€/QALY and of 8690€/QALY was found in the base case, from the third‐party payer perspective and the societal perspective, respectively. The scenario, one‐way sensitivity, and probabilistic analyses demonstrated robustness of the base‐case results.ConclusionThis cost‐effectiveness analysis suggests that an in‐home respite care program in addition to standard community‐based dementia care is a cost‐effective approach compared with standard community‐based dementia care only. These findings provide more insight into the value of such services for the patient, the caregiver, and for society.
MAIT Cells Are Enriched and Highly Functional in Ascites of Patients With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Niehaus Christian E. , Strunz Benedikt , Cornillet Martin , Falk Christine S. , Schnieders Ansgar , Maasoumy Benjamin , Hardtke Svenja , Manns Michael P. , Kraft Anke R.M. , Björkström Niklas K. , Cornberg Markus 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis have an increased susceptibility to infections. As part of the cirrhosis‐associated immune dysfunction, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which have the capacity to respond to bacteria, are severely diminished in circulation and liver tissue. However, MAIT cell presence and function in the peritoneal cavity, a common anatomical site for infections in cirrhosis, remain elusive. In this study, we deliver a comprehensive investigation of the immune compartment present in ascites of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and focus especially on MAIT cells.

Approach and Results
To study this, matched peripheral blood and ascites fluid were collected from 35 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). MAIT cell phenotype and function were analyzed using high‐dimensional flow cytometry, and the obtained data were compared with the blood samples of healthy controls (n = 24) and patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 11). We found circulating MAIT cells to be severely decreased in patients with cirrhosis as compared with controls. In contrast, in ascites fluid, MAIT cells were significantly increased together with CD14+CD16+ monocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells. This was paralleled by elevated levels of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ascites fluid as compared with plasma. Peritoneal MAIT cells displayed an activated tissue‐resident phenotype, and this was corroborated by increased functional responses following stimulation with E. coli or interleukin (lL)‐12 + IL‐18 as compared with circulating MAIT cells. During SBP, peritoneal MAIT cell frequencies increased most among all major immune cell subsets, suggestive of active homing of MAIT cells to the site of infection.

Conclusions
Despite severely diminished MAIT cell numbers and impaired phenotype in circulation, peritoneal MAIT cells remain abundant, activated, and highly functional in decompensated cirrhosis and are further enriched in SBP. This suggests that peritoneal MAIT cells could be of interest for immune‐intervention strategies in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and SBP.
Inadequate Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Are Independent Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kim Donghee , Vazquez‐Montesino Luis Miguel , Li Andrew A. , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
In general, physical activity (PA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an inverse association. However, studies assessing the impact of the widely accepted Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PA Guidelines) on NAFLD are lacking.

Approach and Results
We performed a serial, cross‐sectional analysis among adults by using the 2007‐2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were defined by using various noninvasive panels. A PA questionnaire assessed the leisure‐time PA, occupation‐related PA, transportation‐related PA, and total sitting time as sedentary behavior. PA was categorized according to the PA Guidelines. Of the 24,588 individuals (mean age, 47.4 years; 47.9% males), leisure‐time PA (≥150 minutes per week) demonstrated 40% lower odds of NAFLD, whereas transportation‐related PA was associated with a 33% risk reduction in NAFLD. Analysis of total PA and sitting times simultaneously showed a dose‐response association between sitting time and NAFLD (P for trend < 0.001). Compliance with the PA Guidelines was lower in individuals with NAFLD versus those without NAFLD. The trends in compliance with the PA Guidelines for any type of PA remained stable in individuals with NAFLD except for a downtrend in transportation‐related PA. In contrast, an improvement in compliance with the PA Guidelines for leisure time was noted in the cohort without NAFLD. Although PA demonstrated a 10% stronger association with risk reduction of NAFLD in women, women showed a lower tendency of meeting the PA Guidelines. Trends in total sitting time increased significantly regardless of NAFLD status.

Conclusions
Sedentary behavior emerged as an independent predictor of NAFLD. Overall compliance with the PA Guidelines was lower in the cohort with NAFLD, with sex‐ and ethnicity‐based differences. Implementation of these observations in clinical practice may improve our understanding as well as clinical outcomes.
Characterizing Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4+ T Cells Following Viral‐Vectored Vaccination, Directly Acting Antivirals, and Spontaneous Viral Cure
Authors: Hartnell Felicity , Esposito Ilaria , Swadling Leo , Brown Anthony , Phetsouphanh Chansavath , de Lara Catherine , Gentile Chiara , Turner Bethany , Dorrell Lucy , Capone Stefania , Folgori Antonella , Barnes Eleanor , Klenerman Paul 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
Induction of functional helper CD4+ T cells is the hallmark of a protective immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV), associated with spontaneous viral clearance. Heterologous prime/boost viral vectored vaccination has demonstrated induction of broad and polyfunctional HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells in healthy volunteers; however, much less is known about CD4+ T‐cell subsets following vaccination.

Approach and Results
We analyzed HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell populations using major histocompatibility complex class II tetramers in volunteers undergoing HCV vaccination with recombinant HCV adenoviral/modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors. Peptide‐specific T‐cell responses were tracked over time, and functional (proliferation and cytokine secretion) and phenotypic (cell surface and intranuclear) markers were assessed using flow cytometry. These were compared to CD4+ responses in 10 human leukocyte antigen–matched persons with HCV spontaneous resolution and 21 chronically infected patients treated with directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Vaccination induced tetramer‐positive CD4+ T cells that were highest 1‐4 weeks after boosting (mean, 0.06%). Similar frequencies were obtained for those tracked following spontaneous resolution of disease (mean, 0.04%). In addition, the cell‐surface phenotype (CD28, CD127) memory subset markers and intranuclear transcription factors, as well as functional capacity of peptide‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses characterized after vaccination, are comparable to those following spontaneous viral resolution. In contrast, helper responses in chronic infection were infrequently detected and poorly functional and did not consistently recover following HCV cure.

Conclusions
Helper CD4+ T‐cell phenotype and function following HCV viral vectored vaccination resembles “protective memory” that is observed following spontaneous clearance of HCV. DAA cure does not promote resurrection of exhausted CD4+ T‐cell memory in chronic infection.
Quantifying the effects of plant litter in the topsoil on the soil detachment process by overland flow in typical grasslands of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Jia‐Xin , Li Pan‐Pan , Liu Guo‐Bin , Flanagan Dennis C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant litter can be incorporated into topsoil by a natural process, affecting the soil erosion process. This is a widespread phenomenon in erosion‐prone areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of litter incorporation on the process of soil detachment on the Loess Plateau, China. Four common plant litters (Bothriochloa ischaemum L. Keng., Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., Setaria viridis L. Beauv., and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) were collected, then incorporated into the silt loam soil at five rates (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 kg m−2) on the basis of our field investigation. Twenty litter–soil treatments and one bare soil control were prepared. After 50 days of natural stabilization, 30 soil samples of each treatment were collected. We used a flume test to scour the soil samples under six flow shear stress conditions (5.66, 8.31, 12.21, 15.55, 19.15, and 22.11 Pa). The results showed that the different incorporated litter masses and morphological characteristics, such as litter tissue density (ranging from 0.52 to 0.68 g cm−3), length density (2.34 to 91.00 km m−3), surface area density (LSAD; 27.9 to 674.2 m2 m−3), and volume ratio (0.003 to 0.050 m3 m−3), caused varied soil detachment capacities (0.043 to 4.580 kg·m−2·s−1), rill erodibilities (0.051 to 0.237 s m−1), and critical shear stresses (2.02 to 6.83 Pa). The plant litter incorporated within the soil reduced the soil detachment capacities by 38%–59%, lowered the rill erodibilities by 32%–46%, and increased the critical shear stresses by 98%–193% compared with the bare soil control. The soil containing B. ischaemum (L.) Keng. litter was more resistant to erosion. By comparing different parameters, we found that the contact area between the litter and soil was the main factor affecting the soil detachment process. The soil erosion resistance increased with the increasing contact area between the soil and litter. Furthermore, the litter incorporation effect on rill erodibility can be comprehensively reflected by LSAD (R2 = .93; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.79), which could be used to adjust the rill erodibility parameter in physical process‐based soil erosion models.
Molecule Based Materials for Quantum Cellular Automata: A Short Overview and Challenging Problems
Authors: Tsukerblat Boris , Palii Andrew , Aldoshin Sergey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this review we shortly summarize in an accessible way the physical and nanoscale material science aspects of the promising field of molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA). QCA is a revolutionary paradigm in quantum electronics with promising application in the conceptually new computing scheme which can be referred to as “computing with molecules”. This scheme of devices have vitally important advantages compared with conventional schemes of quantum computing in which the binary information is stored in the eigenvectors of a two‐level quantum system and therefore their practical application is strongly limited by the requirement of coherence. Molecular QCA promise nanometer‐scale units with ultra‐high device densities, as well as room temperature operation with extremely small heat release. Molecular materials provide at the same time options to control the key properties of the active molecules by chemical means. Hereunder we summarize the background of the electronic and vibronic problems in QCA cells represented by the tetrameric mixed‐valence (MV) complexes and organic molecules proposed for implementation as four‐site molecular QCA. We discuss the basic model of the molecular cell that include the following ingredients: 1) intracell Coulomb repulsion energy of the electrons in different electronic distributions among the redox sites; 2) electron transfer between redox sites which changes electronic distributions; 3) interaction of the itinerant electrons with molecular vibrations which is referred to as the vibronic interactions; 4) intercell Coulomb interaction by mean of which the binary information is transmitted from cell to cell. On the basis of this model we will study the cell polarization, adiabatic picture of the switching cycle describing interaction between the “input” and “output” molecular cells, non‐linear cell‐cell response function whose shape describes the action of molecular logic gates. Along with developed and current problems, we discuss new challenging trends of research in this fascinating area.