bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive open online course for type 2 diabetes self-management: adapting education in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Mackenzie Scott C , Cumming Kirsten M , Garrell David , Brodie Doogie , Wilson Lyn , Mehar Salma , Cunningham Scott G , Bickerton Alex , Wake Deborah J 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes self-management education is an essential component of type 2 diabetes care that is traditionally delivered in a face-to-face setting. In response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, innovative solutions are urgently needed, allowing provision of self-management education that can be delivered in compliance with social distancing policies. Innovations that are self-service and can deliver education efficiently at low cost are particularly appealing to healthcare providers and commissioners.

Methods
We aimed to evaluate user uptake, dropout, acceptability, satisfaction, perceived short-term knowledge gain and health benefits/behaviour changes in relation to a free massive open online course (MOOC) in diabetes self-management education, created and delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This course, focusing on addressing knowledge and self-management needs for people with type 2 diabetes, made use of online interactive content including expert and patient videos, quizzes, moderated discussion boards and live social media that encouraged personal reflection and goal setting. User expectations and experiences were explored via survey-based methods. Here, we present our experience of developing the course and describe users’ experiences.

Results
1991 users registered interest in the course over a 2-week period, with 976 users starting the course and 640 (65.6%) users completing the course in full. Users engaged well, finding the course educational, user-friendly and motivating, demonstrating high completion rates and user satisfaction. A statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in self-reported self-management ability and health knowledge was observed among participants with type 2 diabetes.

Discussion
MOOCs in type 2 diabetes self-management education have great potential for delivering education efficiently at scale and low cost. Although engagement can be limited by digital literacy, benefits include flexible and remote access to up-to-date, evidence-based education delivered by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals.
A study protocol for a phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sodium selenate as a disease-modifying treatment for behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Vivash Lucy , Malpas Charles B , Churilov Leonid , Walterfang Mark , Brodtmann Amy , Piguet Olivier , Ahmed Rebekah M , Bush Ashley I , Hovens Christopher M , Kalincik T , Darby David , Velakoulis Dennis , O'Brien Terence J 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionBehavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often neuropathologically associated with the accumulation of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau, for which there is currently no disease-modifying treatment. Previous work by our group has shown sodium selenate upregulates the activity of protein phosphatase 2 in the brain, increasing the rate of tau dephosphorylation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium selenate as a disease-modifying treatment for bvFTD.Methods and analysisThis will be a multisite, phase IIb, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of sodium selenate. One hundred and twenty participants will be enrolled across 4 Australian academic hospitals. Following screening eligible participants will be randomised (1:1) to sodium selenate (15 mg three times a day) or placebo for 52 weeks. Participants will have regular safety and efficacy visits throughout the study period. The primary study outcome will be percentage brain volume change (PBVC) as measured on MRI over 52 weeks of treatment. This will be analysed with a general linear model (analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)) with the PBVC as an output, the treatment as an input and the baseline brain volume as covariate for adjustment purposes. Secondary outcomes include safety and tolerability measures, and efficacy measures; change in cerebrospinal fluid total-tau, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III and Cambridge Behavioural Inventory-Revised scores over the 52 weeks of treatment. These will also be analysed with ANCOVA where the corresponding baseline measure will be incorporated in the model. Additional exploratory outcomes will include other imaging, cognitive and biospecimen analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Human Research and Ethics Committee of the lead site as part of the Australian Multisite Ethics approval system. The results of the study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000236998 .
A novel ACT-based video game to support mental health through embedded learning: a mixed-methods feasibility study protocol
Authors: Edwards Darren J , Kemp Andrew H 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn recent years, serious video games have been used to promote emotional regulation in individuals with mental health issues. Although these therapeutic strategies are innovative, they are limited with respect to scope of treatment, often focusing on specific cognitive skills, to help remediate a specific mental health disorder.ObjectiveHere, we propose a protocol for assessing the feasibility of a novel acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based video game for young adults.Methods and analysisThe Medical Research Council (MRC) framework will be used for developing a complex intervention to design and test the feasibility of an ACT-based video game intervention using a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative and quantitative data. The primary outcomes will include feasibility testing of recruitment processes and the acceptability of the intervention through qualitative interviews, attendance and rates of attrition. Secondary outcomes will involve a series of quantitative questionnaires to obtain effect sizes for power analysis, allowing for the ideal sample size for an appropriately powered, randomised controlled trial to be determined.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Psychology Department Research Ethics Committee (2020-4929-3923) at Swansea University in the UK. Dissemination activities will involve publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at local and national conferences and promotion through social media.Trial registration numberNCT04566042.
Improving management of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: algorithms and tools for implementation and measurement
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Elamir Hossam , Alfoudri Huda , Shamsah Mohammed , Abdelraheem Shams , Abdo Ibtissam , Galal Mohammad , Ali Lamiaa 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems and nations across the world. Particularly challenging are the lack of agreed-upon management guidelines and variations in practice. Our hospital is a large, secondary-care government hospital in Kuwait, which has increased its capacity by approximately 28% to manage the care of patients with COVID-19. The surge in capacity has necessitated the redeployment of staff who are not well-trained to manage such conditions. There was a great need to develop a tool to help redeployed staff in decision-making for patients with COVID-19, a tool which could also be used for training.MethodsBased on the best available clinical knowledge and best practices, an eight member multidisciplinary group of clinical and quality experts undertook the development of a clinical algorithm-based toolkit to guide training and practice for the management of patients with COVID-19. The team followed Horabin and Lewis’ seven-step approach in developing the algorithms and a five-step method in writing them. Moreover, we applied Rosenfeldet al’s five points to each algorithm.ResultsA set of seven clinical algorithms and one illustrative layout diagram were developed. The algorithms were augmented with documentation forms, data-collection online forms and spreadsheets and an indicators’ reference sheet to guide implementation and performance measurement. The final version underwent several revisions and amendments prior to approval.ConclusionsA large volume of published literature on the topic of COVID-19 pandemic was translated into a user-friendly, algorithm-based toolkit for the management of patients with COVID-19. This toolkit can be used for training and decision-making to improve the quality of care provided to patients with COVID-19.
Effect of blood pressure lowering drugs and antibiotics on abdominal aortic aneurysm growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Singh Tejas P 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThere is currently no medical treatment proven to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to pool data from previous randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering and antibiotic medications in limiting AAA growth and AAA-related events, that is, rupture or repair.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify randomised controlled trials that examined the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering medications or antibiotics in reducing AAA growth and AAA-related events. AAA growth (mm/year) was measured by ultrasound or computed tomography imaging. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models. A subanalysis was conducted including trials that investigated tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics.ResultsTen randomised controlled trials including 2045 participants with an asymptomatic AAA were included. Follow-up was between 18 and 63 months. Neither blood pressure-lowering medications (mean growth±SD 2.0±2.4 vs 2.3±2.7 mm/year; standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.07, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.06; p=0.288) or antibiotics (mean growth±SD 2.6±2.1 vs 2.6±2.5 mm/year; SMD −0.11, 95% CI −0.38 to 0.16; p=0.418) reduced AAA growth or AAA-related events (blood pressure-lowering medications: 92 vs 95 events; risk ratio (RR) 0.86, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.11; p=0.244; and antibiotics: 69 vs 73 events; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.25; p=0.614). The subanalysis of antibiotics showed similar results.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that neither blood pressure-lowering medications or antibiotics limit growth or clinically relevant events in people with AAAs.
Exploring CP-violation, via heavy neutrino oscillations, in rare B meson decays at Belle II
Authors: Cvetič Gorazd , Kim C. S. , Mendizabal Sebastian , Zamora-Saá Jilberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article we study the rare B-meson decay via two on-shell almost-degenerate Majorana Heavy Neutrinos, into two charged leptons and two pseudoscalar mesons ($$B^{\pm } \rightarrow D^0 \ell ^{\pm }_1 \ell ^{\pm }_2 \pi ^{\mp }$$

B
±

→

D
0

ℓ
1
±

ℓ
2
±

π
∓

). We consider the scenario where the heavy neutrino masses are $$\sim 2$$

∼
2

GeV and the heavy-light mixing coefficients are $$|B_{\ell N}|^2 \sim 10^{-5}$$

|

B

ℓ
N

|

2

∼

10

-
5

, and evaluate the possibility to measure the CP-asymmetry at Belle II. We present some realistic conditions under which the asymmetry could be detected.
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Jurassic Arabian Intrashelf Basin
Authors: Wilson A. O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Jurassic Arabian Intrashelf Basin provides the setting for the world's greatest conventional oil reserves, including the world's largest oilfield, the supergiant Ghawar field. The stratigraphic interval corresponding to the development and infill of the Arabian Intrashelf Basin is from the uppermost Dhruma Formation to the top of the Hith Anhydrite Formation, spanning the late Bathonian–early Callovian to Tithonian. Many areas of the intrashelf basin have been well described in recent years and the stratigraphic succession has been defined in sequence concepts, but the regional development of the intrashelf basin has not been well synthesized. This Memoir builds on published data to give a regional interpretation of the geological evolution of the Arabian Intrashelf Basin. This introductory chapter reviews some of the earlier work, summarizes the key events and elements in the geological history of the Arabian Intrashelf Basin and gives a brief review of the history of petroleum exploration in this region. It is intended to serve as an extended abstract to introduce the general setting and summarize the contents of this Memoir, including some of the proposed revisions of depositional models, correlations and the sequence nomenclature, providing a context for considering and evaluating each subsequent chapter. The themes summarized in this chapter are documented and discussed in much greater detail in the subsequent chapters of this Memoir.
Chapter 3 Lithostratigraphy and depositional characteristics, age dating and sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Wilson A. O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, age dating and sequence stratigraphy of the Arabian Intrashelf Basin to document the basic data used in the interpretations in this Memoir. The factors important to understanding these topics are discussed, including the typical facies, general depositional models, the effects of dolomitization, well log characteristics and the problems with obtaining precise age dates. Comments are included to show the interpretations preferred in this Memoir.
Gastrointestinal Cancer Survival and Radiation Exposure among Atomic Bomb Survivors: The Life Span Study
Authors: Bockwoldt Brandie , Sugiyama Hiromi , Tsai Kevin , Bhatti Parveen , Brenner Alina V. , Hu Audrey , Kerr Kathleen F. , Morenz Eric , French Benjamin , Phipps Amanda I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Radiation exposure is an established risk factor for the development of several forms of cancer, including gastrointestinal cancers. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between prediagnostic radiation exposure and survival after cancer diagnosis.

Methods:
Participants in the Life Span Study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors who were diagnosed with a first primary invasive stomach, colon, or rectal cancer between 1958 and 2009 were followed for mortality during 1958–2014. Cox regression models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of radiation dose from atomic bomb exposure with survival (cancer-specific and overall) after cancer diagnosis. Analyses were adjusted for city of primary exposure, sex, age at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis.

Results:
We identified 7,728 eligible patients with cancer for analysis. We observed no statistically significant associations between radiation dose and cancer-specific survival among LSS participants with a gastrointestinal cancer. Higher radiation doses (≥1 Gy) were suggestively, but not significantly, associated with modestly poorer cancer-specific survival for colon cancer only (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.90–2.12), and were associated with poorer overall survival regardless of cancer site.

Conclusions:
Although radiation exposure is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer incidence and mortality, study results are inconclusive about an association between prediagnostic radiation exposure and survival after gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis.

Impact:
Radiation exposure from the atomic bomb before gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis was not associated with cancer survival, but should be evaluated in relation to survival for other cancer types.
Decreased Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Myocarditis
Authors: Drobni Zsofia D. , Zafar Amna , Zubiri Leyre , Zlotoff Daniel A. , Alvi Raza M. , Lee Charlotte , Hartmann Sarah , Gilman Hannah K. , Villani Alexandra‐Chloe , Nohria Anju , Groarke John D. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Zhang Lili , Neilan Tomas G. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Myocarditis attributable to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a potentially fatal immune‐related adverse event. Limited data have suggested an association between baseline and on‐treatment absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the development of other immune‐related adverse events; there are no data characterizing the role of ALC and NLR in ICI‐associated myocarditis.

Methods and Results

This was a case control study of 55 patients with ICI myocarditis and 55 controls without any post‐ICI immune‐related adverse events. We leveraged clinical testing, where patients underwent routine serial blood counts before and with each ICI cycle to compare the baseline and change in ALC and NLR between cases and controls. The association between the change in these parameters with clinical variables and major adverse cardiac events was also tested. In cases, there was a statistically significant decrease in ALC with myocarditis from baseline (1.6 thousands per cubic milliliter (K/μL); interquartile range, 1.1–1.9 K/μL) to admission (1.1 K/μL; interquartile range, 0.7–1.3 K/μL;
P
<0.001). Similarly, there was an increase in NLR from baseline (3.5; interquartile range, 2.3–5.4) to admission (6.6; interquartile range, 4.5–14.1;
P
<0.001). There was no statistically significant change in controls. In follow‐up, there were 20 events; larger decreases in ALC (44.6% versus 18.2%;
P
<0.001) or increases in NLR (156.5% versus 65.1%;
P
=0.019) were associated with major adverse cardiac events.

Conclusions
A reduction in ALC and an increase in NLR was seen with ICI myocarditis. A greater decrease in ALC or increase in NLR was associated with subsequent major adverse cardiac events.
Exploring Opportunities for Primary Prevention of Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Folsom Aaron R. , Cushman Mary 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important vascular disease and public health problem. Prevention of VTE has focused mainly on using thromboprophylaxis to avoid provoked VTE or recurrent VTE, with little attention paid to the possibility of preventing the one third to one half of VTEs that are unprovoked. We review growing research suggesting that unhealthy lifestyle risk factors may cause a considerable proportion of unprovoked VTE. Using epidemiologic data to calculate population attributable risks, we estimate that in the United States obesity may contribute to 30% of VTEs, physical inactivity to 4%, current smoking to 3%, and Western dietary pattern to 11%. We also review possibilities for VTE primary prevention either through a high‐risk individual approach or a population‐wide approach. Interventions for outpatients at high VTE risk but without VTE provoking factors have not been fully tested; yet, improving patient awareness of risk and symptoms, lifestyle counseling, and possibly statins or direct oral anticoagulants may prove useful in primary prevention of unprovoked VTE. A population approach to prevention would bolster awareness of VTE and aim to shift lifestyle risk factors downward in the whole population using education, environmental changes, and policy. Assuming the epidemiological associations are accurate, causal, and independent of each other, a reduction of obesity, physical inactivity, current smoking, and Western diet by 25% in the general population might reduce the incidence of unprovoked VTE by 12%. We urge further research and consideration that primary prevention of unprovoked VTE may be a worthwhile public health aim.
Lower Bounds for Non-Elitist Evolutionary Algorithms via Negative
Multiplicative Drift
Authors: Doerr Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A decent number of lower bounds for non-elitist population-based evolutionary algorithms has been shown by now. Most of them are technically demanding due to the (hard to avoid) use of negative drift theorems—general results which translate an expected movement away from the target into a high hitting time. We propose a simple negative drift theorem for multiplicative drift scenarios and show that it can simplify existing analyses. We discuss in more detail Lehre's (2010) negative drift in populations method, one of the most general tools to prove lower bounds on the runtime of non-elitist mutation-based evolutionary algorithms for discrete search spaces. Together with other arguments, we obtain an alternative and simpler proof of this result, which also strengthens and simplifies this method. In particular, now only three of the five technical conditions of the previous result have to be verified. The lower bounds we obtain are explicit instead of only asymptotic. This allows us to compute concrete lower bounds for concrete algorithms, but also enables us to show that super-polynomial runtimes appear already when the reproduction rate is only a (1-ω(n-1/2)) factor below the threshold. For the special case of algorithms using standard bit mutation with a random mutation rate (called uniform mixing in the language of hyper-heuristics), we prove the result stated by Dang and Lehre (2016b) and extend it to mutation rates other than Θ(1/n), which includes the heavy-tailed mutation operator proposed by Doerr et al. (2017). We finally use our method and a novel domination argument to show an exponential lower bound for the runtime of the mutation-only simple genetic algorithm on OneMax for arbitrary population size.
Between the Foreign and the Familiar
Authors: Kazani Zahra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A Qurʾan manuscript (British Library Add 5548–5551), attributed to fifteenth-century India, features a curious case of English annotations within its folios. The annotations take the form of interlinear translations superimposed onto its Persian counterpart. This article takes the contents of the English annotations and its physical placement within the body of the text as a platform to investigate the socio-cultural contexts of the manuscript’s circulation. In doing so, it illustrates the life of its owner, Charles Hamilton, an eighteenth-century military official and Orientalist at the East India Company. The content of the annotations suggests the manuscript’s function as a tool for language acquisition in the midst of Orientalist attempts at colonizing Indian knowledge; its physical placement, an embodiment of British encounters in India. The article builds on the nature of manuscript collecting by Company officials and the role that objects can play as they intersect with intellectual history.
Educational Peace Theory in the Holy Qurʾan
Authors: Karama Muneer Jebreel , Khater Nada Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the educational theory of peace in the Holy Qurʾan by conducting a holistic, systematic analysis of the word “peace” and introducing its different meanings in the Holy Qurʾan. To achieve this aim, the researchers utilized a scientific approach that consisted of the following procedures: conducting a meta-analysis of the word “peace” in the Holy Qurʾan by using statistics from Quran Explorer, resulting in 136 words for peace mentioned in 48 chapters; classifying the meanings of “peace”, resulting in 13 different meanings; and creating a meta-synthesis of the word “peace” according to three different subgroups that share common concepts. Finally, the theory of Islamic interactive peace was formulated. The paper concludes that of all mentions of peace in the Qurʾan, external peace constitutes 68%, internal peace 21% and meta peace 11%. This result emphasizes the importance of peace between nations and states to gain stability in the world.