bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized peptide hydrogels as tunable extracellular matrix mimics for biological applications
Authors: Hellmund Katharina S. , von Lospichl Benjamin , Böttcher Christoph , Ludwig Kai , Keiderling Uwe , Noirez Laurence , Weiß Annika , Mikolajczak Dorian J. , Gradzielski Michael , Koksch Beate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of tailorable and biocompatible three‐dimensional (3D) substrates or molecular networks that reliably mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and influence cell behavior and growth in vitro is of increasing interest for cell‐based applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this context, we present a novel coiled coil‐based peptide that self‐assembles into a 3D‐α‐helical fibril network and functions as a self‐supporting hydrogel. By functionalizing distinct coiled‐coil peptides with cellular binding motifs or carbohydrate ligands (mannose), and by utilizing the multivalency and modularity of coiled‐coil assemblies, tailored artificial ECMs are obtained. Fibrillar network and ligand density, as well as ligand composition can readily be adjusted by changes in water content or peptide concentrations, respectively. Mesoscopic structure of these networks was assessed by rheology and small‐angle neutron scattering experiments. Initial cell viability studies using NIH/3T3 cells showed comparable or even superior cell viability using the presented artificial ECMs, compared to commercially available 3D‐cell culture scaffold Matrigel. The herein reported approach presents a reliable (low batch‐to‐batch variation) and modular pathway toward biocompatible and tailored artificial ECMs.
Threshold score for the self‐report Pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale in childhood cancer patients
Authors: Patel Sunita K. , Kim Seong‐Hyeon , Johansen Christopher , Mullins Wendy , Nolty Anne , Fernandez Nathaniel , Delgado Nicole , Folbrecht Jeanelle , Dekel Noya , Meier Adrienne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is enthusiasm for identifying and treating psychosocial problems in childhood cancer patients, there are few validated instruments to help providers identify at‐risk children for further assessment. The study objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the self‐report pediatric Distress Thermometer Rating Scale (Peds DTRS) in childhood cancer survivors and identify a threshold score to help providers classify pediatric patients.MethodsWe evaluated 54 children 7–17 years old using 178 Peds DTRS longitudinal data points from the cohort that was used for the original pediatric adaptation of the DTRS. We compared Peds DTRS scores against two established standardized measures using a generalized linear mixed model to deal with the dependency in the longitudinal data to estimate ROC curves and related statistics.ResultsResults indicate that a score of 3 is a reasonable cutoff to identify distress with children 7–17 years old. This cutoff yielded high sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (79.7%) using the PedsQL Emotional Domain score as the standard. Similar results were obtained using the CDI as the standard, but we are cautious as very few CDI scores reached the cutoff criterion. Exploratory analysis highlighted clinical factors that correlate with increased distress measured using the Peds DTRS.ConclusionsThe Peds DTRS is a very brief, convenient, and rapid screening tool for global distress in children. Further investigation of the Peds DTRS and other tools can improve the ability of providers to prevent and treat the negative emotional consequences of cancer and improve the quality of survivorship.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma‐assisted removal of aflatoxin B1 from contaminated corn kernels
Authors: Hojnik Nataša , Modic Martina , Žigon Dušan , Kovač Janez , Jurov Andrea , Dickenson Aaron , Walsh James L. , Cvelbar Uroš 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, are found in up to 80% of global food and feed crops. Here, we report on the complete removal of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from the artificially contaminated corn kernels with an indirect cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) treatment generated with a surface barrier discharge system working in ambient air. Surface analysis of the corn kernels revealed the presence of minor changes in the treated samples, indicating that indirect CAP treatments induced slight oxidation of the corn kernel surface. This study not only proposes CAP as an effective food processing method for the decontamination of mycotoxins but also presents the first step towards acceptance of CAP technology as a safe food processing method.
Morphological Intervention for Students With Limited Vocabulary Knowledge: Short‐ and Long‐Term Transfer Effects
Authors: Gellert Anna S. , Arnbak Elisabeth , Wischmann Signe , Elbro Carsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudents with limited vocabulary knowledge are at high risk for reading comprehension difficulties. Previous studies have found that teaching morphology may support vocabulary growth. In the present study, the authors aimed to replicate and extend these findings by investigating both immediate and long‐term transfer effects to untaught words and untaught pseudowords with well‐known root morphemes. Fifth‐grade students (N = 332) were randomly assigned to a morphological intervention, an alternative vocabulary intervention, or a control condition. The morphological intervention was found to produce large short‐term effects with respect to the students’ abilities to segment and explain both taught and untaught words containing taught morphemes, and medium effects on explanations of likely meanings of pseudowords with well‐known root morphemes. Medium to large effects were still present 10 months later with taught words and transfer words. Training had a small effect on reading comprehension with trained words but no effect on standard measures of reading comprehension or vocabulary.
The government whispering to entrepreneurs: Public venture capital, policy shifts, and firm productivity
Authors: Murtinu Samuele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryGrounding on the literature on resource dependence, board political capital, and principal–principal conflicts, I conceptualize governmental minority shareholding as a governance strategy through which ventures access information about future policy shifts and better calibrate their decisions before policy implementation. I test these arguments on multicountry firm‐level longitudinal data about European venture capital (VC)‐backed and comparable non‐VC‐backed companies. By means of a difference‐in‐differences methodology and exploiting the staggered announcement of tax reforms across countries, I show that public VC‐backed companies after a tax reform announcement show higher productivity than non‐VC‐backed ventures, and this effect lasts 4 years. After decomposing productivity, the post‐announcement effect of public VC backing is mainly due to both an output effect (sales value increase) and an enhanced efficiency in the labor factor.Managerial SummaryVentures facing market uncertainty may benefit from having a governmental minority shareholder on board. Governmental minority shareholders bring political capital in the form of information about future business‐related policy changes, as well as connections to debt capital providers. Plus, their minority status makes conflicts with the entrepreneur (and other shareholders) less likely. In this way, after a policy reform announcement, entrepreneurs backed by governmental minority shareholders (such as public venture capitalists) can better predict market changes and react more quickly than comparable non‐backed firms to those changes. In sum, governmental minority shareholding represents an effective governance strategy for ventures to reduce their uncertainty and access information and resources that would be out of reach for both the ventures and all other types of shareholders.
Lokale Spannungen in Kranbahnträgern mit Längssteifen
Authors: Kettler Markus , Unterweger Harald , Ebner Dieter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Anordnung von zusätzlichen Längssteifen in hohen Kranbahnträgern zur Erhöhung der Beultragfähigkeit des Stegs führt zu einer nach aktuellem Stand der Technik unbekannten Erhöhung der lokalen vertikalen Biegespannungen σT aus exzentrischer Radlast. Das hat wesentliche Auswirkungen auf den Ermüdungsnachweis der Flansch‐Steg‐Verbindung und in weiterer Folge auf die erforderlichen Trägerabmessungen. Um diesen Sachverhalt näher zu untersuchen, wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Längssteifen in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen auf die lokalen Biegespannungen in Kranbahnträgern durchgeführt. Darauf aufbauend wurde das Berechnungsmodell der EN 1993‐6, das derzeit nur unversteifte Stegbleche beinhaltet, basierend auf einem Vorschlag aus der Literatur, für mögliche zusätzliche Längssteifen erweitert. Der Vergleich mit den Laborversuchen und den durchgeführten numerischen Berechnungen zeigt, dass das erweiterte Modell in der Lage ist, die Zunahme der Biegespannungen durch zusätzliche Längssteifen zutreffend wiederzugeben.
Using metalinguistic explanations to help advanced ESL/EFL learners overcome their problems with the use of English articles and reference representation
Authors: Yin Wa Chan Alice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study reviews the difficulties that learners of English as a second or foreign language encounter in the use of English articles and puts forward some suggestions that can help advanced learners overcome their problems. It has been observed that learner performance may be deceptive and accurate article selections may be led by inappropriate assumptions, so explicit instruction is needed to enhance learners’ explicit knowledge. In the teaching of English articles, explicit analyses using metalinguistic explanations should be used to eradicate learners’ misconceptions. Their understanding of the use of different structures for showing genericity, of the distinction between definiteness and specificity, and of the differences between English articles and similar but distinct language items in their mother tongues should be strengthened. Self‐learning resources such as learners’ dictionaries can also be used to supplement teaching and learning, especially when the judgments of noun countability are at issue. It is with heightened explicit knowledge of the English article system and enhanced awareness of the use of different articles for representing different references that advanced learners will be able to master English article use competently.
Access to Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Deepening the Human Rights-Based Approach
Authors: Shawa Remmy , Coomans Fons , Cox Helen , London Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe lack of access to effective diagnosis and treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a persistent ethical, human rights and public health challenge globally. In addressing this challenge, arguments based on a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) to health have most often been focused on the Right to Health. However, a key challenge in multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB is the glaring absence of scientific research; ranging from basic science and drug discovery through to implementation science once new tools have been developed. Although the Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and its Applications (REBSP) is a little theorised human right, it has the potential to enrich our understanding and use of the Rights-Based Approach to health. In this chapter, we argue that States’ duties to respect, protect and fulfil the REBSP within and outside their borders is an important vehicle that can be drawn on to redress the lack of research into new drug development and appropriate use of existing drugs for DR-TB in high burden settings. We call for urgent attention to minimum core obligations for the REBSP and the need for a General Comment by a UN human rights monitoring body to provide for its interpretation. We also note that conceptualization of the REBSP has the potential to complement Right to Health claims intended to enhance access to treatment for DR-TB on a global scale.
The Right to Refuse Treatment for Infectious Disease
Authors: Coleman Carl H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the central tenets of contemporary bioethics is that mentally competent persons have a right to refuse medical treatment, even if the refusal might lead to the individual’s death. Despite this principle, laws in some jurisdictions authorize the nonconsensual treatment of persons with tuberculosis (TB) or other serious infectious diseases, on the grounds that doing so is necessary to protect the safety of others. This chapter argues that, in the vast majority of situations, overriding a refusal of treatment for infectious disease is not justifiable, as the risk to third parties can be avoided by the less restrictive alternative of isolating the patient. At the same time, it rejects the extreme position that the nonconsensual treatment of infectious disease is never appropriate. Instead, it concludes that compelling an individual to undergo treatment for infectious diseases may be ethically justifiable in exceptional situations if a refusal of treatment poses a grave risk to third parties, the treatment is not overly burdensome and has been established to be safe and effective, and less restrictive alternatives, including humanely isolating the patient, are not feasible under the circumstances. The burden should be on those seeking to compel unwanted treatment to demonstrate that these requirements have been met.
A Capability Perspective on Antibiotic Resistance, Inequality, and Child Development
Authors: Millar Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNussbaum’s capability theory by drawing attention to multiple determinants of wellbeing provides a rich and relevant evaluative space for framing antibiotic resistance. I consider the implications of antibiotic resistance for child development and adult capabilities. There are common risk factors for childhood growth stunting and the spread of infectious diseases in both antibiotic sensitive and resistant forms. The interaction between infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and growth stunting illustrates a clustering of disadvantage. The control of antibiotic resistance requires wide-ranging cooperative action. Cooperation is predicated on an expectation of equitable access to effective antibiotics. This expectation is confounded by inequality both in access to antibiotics, and in the risk that available antibiotics will be ineffective. Securing child development (and adult capabilities) requires that inequalities both in access to antibiotics and in risk factors for the dissemination and transmission of antibiotic resistance are addressed. Inequality undermines the cooperative activity that is control of infectious diseases and compounds the threat to the securing of capabilities that arises from antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotics and Animal Agriculture: The Need for Global Collective Action
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of antibiotics in animal agriculture is steadily increasing, especially in developing countries. The European Union and a handful of developed countries have implemented policies to scale back the use of antibiotics, recognizing its role in the global rise of antibiotic resistance. But many farmers who raise animals live in poor countries without public health regulations, or work for large corporate entities that can move their operations to places with weak regulations. To minimize the careless use of antibiotics around the world, we need multi-lateral coordination between states on some common standards for the use of antibiotics in animals.
Tackling Anti-microbial Resistance: An Ethical Framework for Rational Antibiotic Use
Authors: Littmann Jasper , Rid Annette , Buyx Alena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo reduce the effect of antimicrobial resistance and preserve antibiotic effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines and health policy documents call for the “rational use” of antibiotics that aims to avoid unnecessary or minimally effective antibiotic prescriptions. In this paper, we show that rational use programmes can lead to ethical conflicts because they place some patients at risk of harm – for example, a delayed switch to second-line antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia is associated with increased fatality rates. Implementing the rational use of antibiotics can therefore lead to conflicts between promoting patients’ clinical interests and preserving antibiotic effectiveness for future use. The resulting ethical dilemma for clinicians, patients and policy makers has so far not been adequately addressed. We argue that existing guidance for acceptable risks in clinical research can help to define risk thresholds for the rational use of antibiotics. We develop an ethical framework that allows clinicians and policy-makers to evaluate policies for rational antibiotic use in six practical steps.
Justifying Antibiotic Resistance Interventions: Uncertainty, Precaution and Ethics
Authors: Nijsingh Niels , Larsson D. G. Joakim , de Fine Licht Karl , Munthe Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter charts and critically analyses the ethical challenge of assessing how much (and what kind of) evidence is required for the justification of interventions in response antibiotic resistance (ABR), as well as other major public health threats. Our ambition here is to identify and briefly discuss main issues, and point to ways in which these need to be further advanced in future research. This will result in a tentative map of complications, underlying problems and possible challenges. This map illustrates that the ethical challenges in this area are much more complex and profound than is usually acknowledged, leaving no tentatively plausible intervention package free of downsides. This creates potentially overwhelming theoretical conundrums when trying to justify what to do. We therefore end by pointing out two general features of the complexity we find to be of particular importance, and a tentative suggestion for how to create a theoretical basis for further analysis.
The Super-Wicked Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Littmann Jasper , Viens A. M. , Silva Diego S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the progressive process by which microbes, such as bacteria, through evolutionary, environmental and social factors develop the ability to become resistant to drugs that were once effective at treating them – is a threat from which no one can escape. It is one of the largest threats to clinical and global health in the twenty-first century – inflicting monumental health, economic and social consequences. All persons locally and globally, and even all future persons yet to come into existence, all suffer the shared, interdependent vulnerability to this threat that will have a substantial impact on all aspects of our lives. For example, while reliable data are hard to find, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has conservatively estimated that, in Europe alone, AMR causes additional annual cost to health care systems of at least €1.5 billion, and is responsible for around 25,000 deaths per year. Furthermore, AMR significantly increases the cost of treating bacterial infections with an increase in length of hospital stays and average number of re-consultations, as well as the resultant lost productivity from increased morbidity. With a combined cost of up to $100 trillion to the global economy – pushing a further 28 million people into extreme poverty – this is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world. Most troublingly, if we do not succeed in diminishing the progression of AMR, there is the very real potential for it to threaten common procedures and treatments of modern medicine, including the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures and immunosuppressing chemotherapy. Some experts are warning that we may soon be ushering in a post-antibiotic area.
Cars: A Micro-analysis of Space and Bodies in Vendredi soir
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the car traditionally appears as male domain, the haptic aesthetic and poetic forms of Claire Denis’ filmVendredi soir(2002) disconnect cars from masculine power. Through a micro-analysis of the film’s forms, spaces, and bodies, the chapter shows how the film suspends the gendered relationships at play in public and private spaces. In this chapter, Ceuterick emphasises the affirmative aesthetic of the film, which transforms the car into a home, gendered bodies into lived bodies, and intimacy into a passage between real and imaginary.
Streets: Freedom, Diaspora, and the Erotic in Head-On
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the street as a contested space, one that especially enforces gendered and racialised roles. In spite of the punishment reserved for those who refuse conventions, Head-On (Fatih Akin, Gegen Die Wand [Head-On]. DVD. Germany; Turkey: Strand Releasing, 2004) uses performance, eroticism, and abjection to disrupt the gendering and racialisation of space and the subject. Feminist affirmative forms appear when one looks beyond the negativity present in the diegesis.
Conclusion: Forms of Affirmative Aesthetics
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn affirmative approach to film consists of making visible what the diegesis may conceal. As the chapter reflects on the political impact of art and the affect of films onto the bodies of the spectators, it concludes that looking for affirmative aesthetics is about mapping the feminist forms that will allow us to build a future beyond gendered and racialised power relations.
The Communist World of Public Debt (1917–1991): The Failure of a Countermodel?
Authors: Forestier-Peyrat Étienne , Ironside Kristy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at the construction of a communist community of public debt in the twentieth century. Despite emerging as some of public debt’s most vehement critics in the early years of that century, communist governments made relatively conventional use of public debt to fund economic initiatives, foster bonds within the socialist bloc, and gain political influence. As these regimes’ economies stagnated, they borrowed heavily from capitalist lenders and ran into economic troubles in the 1980s, but they did not repudiate their debt, as the Bolsheviks had in 1918. Instead, they accepted technical solutions to their economic woes, which, in turn, helped to erode their already tenuous popular legitimacy in Eastern Europe.
The History and Politics of Public Debt Accounting
Authors: Monnet Éric , Truong-Loï Blaise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A country’s public debt figures vary considerably in any given year, depending on the definitions used. It creates difficulties in constructing and interpreting long-term statistical series. This chapter examines the policy issues behind the definition and accounting of public debt through history. Based on a critical analysis of widely used historical sources, as well as case studies, it discusses how to interpret historical public debt statistics. Analyzing general trends in the historical development of comparability of public debt statistics since the nineteenth century, it identifies three perspectives on debt accounting that have framed the construction of statistics over time: “financial”, “circuitist” and “benchmarking”. Since public debt accounting and policy depend on the way in which public debt is issued and traded and on the identity of creditors, each of these ideal-types roughly corresponds to a debt regime, and more broadly to a historical period of capitalism.