bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low frequency of mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and arrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma
Authors: Yin Kai , Feng Hui‐Bo , Li Lin‐Lin , Chen Yu , Xie Zhi , Lv Zhi‐Yi , Guo Wei‐Bang , Lu Dan‐Xia , Yang Xue‐Ning , Yan Wen‐Qing , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhang Xu‐Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and unique subtype of lung cancer. However, the prevalence of driver alterations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and the response of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) in PLELC has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the genetic profiles and treatment course of 330 PLELC patients at the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) from 1st January, 2008 to 30th December, 2018. We searched and analyzed related literature published in PubMed and Web of Science from 1st January, 2000 and 31th August, 2019 based on their mention of “driver mutations” and “the response of TKIs to mutant PLELC”.ResultsGenetic alterations of EGFR/ALK were tested in 203 patients (203/330, 61.5%). Five patients (5/175, 2.9%) had EGFR mutation and three patients (3/140, 2.1%) had ALK alteration. From the total of 15 articles identified from electronic searches, 1071 PLELC cases mentioned the driver mutations. EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement were detected in 15 patients and one patient, respectively. In total, there were four EGFR/ALK mutant PLELC patients who received targeted therapy as palliative treatment at the GLCI and in the literature. However, there was disease progression in all cases one month after use of TKIs.ConclusionThe mutation rates of EGFR and ALK were low in PLELC. EGFR and ALK TKIs showed limited response in EGFR/ALK mutant PLELC. Further studies are needed to explore other molecular targets to optimize the therapeutic strategy for PLELC.
Relative accuracy of computerized intrapartum fetal heart rate pattern recognition by ultrasound and abdominal electrocardiogram detection
Authors: Hayes‐Gill Barrie R. , Martin Terence R. P. , Liu Chong , Cohen Wayne R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionNoninvasive fetal heart rate monitoring using transabdominal fetal electrocardiographic detection is now commercially available and has been demonstrated to be an effective alternative to traditional Doppler ultrasonographic techniques. Our objective in this study was to compare the results of computerized identification of fetal heart rate patterns generated by ultrasound‐based and transabdominal fetal electrocardiogram‐based techniques with simultaneously obtained fetal scalp electrode‐derived heart rate information.Material and methodsWe applied an objective computer‐based analysis for recognition of fetal heart rate patterns (Monica Decision Support) to data obtained simultaneously from a direct fetal scalp electrode, Doppler ultrasound, and the abdominal‐fetal electrocardiogram techniques. This allowed us to compare over 145 hours of fetal heart rate patterns generated by the external devices with those derived from the scalp electrode in 30 term singleton uncomplicated pregnancies during labor. The direct fetal scalp electrode is considered to be the most accurate and reliable technique used in current clinical practice, and was, therefore, used as the standard for comparison. The program quantified the baseline heart rate, long‐ and short‐term variability. It indicated when an acceleration or deceleration was present and whether it was large or small.ResultsUltrasound was associated with significantly greater deviations from the fetal scalp electrode results than the abdominal fetal electrocardiogram technique in recognizing the correct baseline heart rate, its variability, and the presence of small and large accelerations and small decelerations. For large decelerations the two external methods were each not significantly different from the scalp electrode results.ConclusionsNoninvasive fetal heart rate monitoring using maternal abdominal wall electrodes to detect fetal cardiac activity more reliably reproduced the computerized analysis of heart rate patterns derived from a direct fetal scalp electrode than did traditional ultrasound‐based monitoring. Abdominal‐fetal electrocardiogram should, therefore, be considered a primary option for externally monitored patients.
Pregnant women with IBD are more likely to be adherent to biologic therapies than other medications
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Seow Cynthia H. , Adhikari Kamala , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere are differences in the efficacy and safety profiles of medications used to treat IBD that may impact a woman's perceived risk of medication exposure during pregnancy, potentially leading to medication non‐adherence, poor disease‐control and adverse pregnancy outcomes.AimTo assess whether medication adherence patterns differ by drug class during pregnancy and influence birth outcomes for women with IBD.MethodsOf 143 491 women, a validated case definition was used to identify 370 women with IBD in five administrative health databases in Alberta, Canada (2012‐2015). Women who had ≥2 consecutive medications prescription for maintenance therapy for IBD in the year prior to pregnancy were included (n = 230). Prescription‐based medication possession ratio ≥0.8 defined adherence. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare adherence patterns by drug class and outcomes.ResultsOf the 159/230 women who were adherent during the year prior to pregnancy, 20 (12.6%; 95% CI: 8.2%, 18.8%) were not adherent and 21 (13.2%; 95% CI: 8.7%, 19.5%) discontinued their medications during pregnancy. Medication adherence during pregnancy differed significantly by drug class. A greater proportion of women on biologics (41.5%; 95% CI 32.9%, 50.7%) were adherent during pregnancy than women on thiopurines (22.9%; 95% CI 16.1%, 31.5%; P = 0.006); adherence was not significantly different for 5‐aminosalicylates (35.6%; 95% CI 27.4%, 44.8%; P = 0.204). Women were more likely to be adherent to biologics (49.3%, 95% CI 37.3%, 61.3%) than thiopurines (20.9%; 95% CI 12.6%, 32.6%; P = 0.014) and 5‐aminosalicylates (29.9%; 95% CI 19.9%, 42.1%; P = 0.030) in the first trimester. This was similar in the third trimester. In the second trimester, adherence pattern did not significantly differ by drug class (biologics vs thiopurines: P = 0.348; biologics vs 5‐aminosalicylate: P = 0.999). Infants born to women with IBD (adherent: RR 1.58. 95% CI 1.02, 2.27; non‐adherent: RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.97, 1.81) were more likely to be admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit than the general obstetric population, but this was not significantly different between women who were adherent or not adherent to their IBD medication (P = 0.711).ConclusionAlmost a quarter of women with IBD who were previously adherent to medical therapy were not adherent during pregnancy. Adherence pattern differed by drug class.
Presenting a new defamilization and familization framework for investigating the residualization of old‐age income security measures—The case study of Hong Kong
Authors: Yu Sam Wai Kam , Chau Ruby Chui Man , Jung Min‐a 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFamilization and defamilization studies are increasingly seen as an important component of welfare research. They are concerned with the threats to the welfare of individuals caused by involuntary participation in the unwanted family relationship. Moreover, they address the idea that governments have the potential to reduce these threats through the provision of welfare measures. This article contributes to the familization and defamilizaion studies with the focus on the link between these studies and the studies of residualization strategies. It carries out three analytical tasks. The first is to present a new defamilization and familization framework. The second is to demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in analyzing the problem of employing the residualization strategies to reform the old‐age income security system. Our focus is particularly on the insufficient sensitivity of these strategies to women's (and men's) diverse preferences relating to ways of organizing their family life. The third is to demonstrate the empirical significance of this framework. To meet this objective, we apply the framework to the investigation of two old‐age income security measures in Hong Kong—the Mandatory Provident Fund and the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance scheme.
Unexpected low expression of platelet fibrinogen receptor in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: how does it change with aspirin?
Authors: Lucchesi Alessandro , Carloni Silvia , De Matteis Serena , Ghetti Martina , Musuraca Gerardo , Poggiaspalla Monica , Augello Accursio F. , Giordano Giulio , Fattori Pier P. , Martinelli Giovanni , Napolitano Roberta 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the expression of fibrinogen receptors on platelets of Philadelphia‐negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. We collected blood samples from 40 consecutive MPN patients and healthy volunteers. We performed flow cytometry analysis of P‐selectin expression and integrin beta‐3, activation of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and fibrinogen receptor exposure (PAC‐1 binding). Surprisingly, we found a very low PAC‐1 binding capacity in MPN patients; however, the expression of PAC‐1 was almost completely recovered with aspirin intake. We hypothesize that the hypercoagulable states observed in MPN patients could depend on a primarily plasma‐driven impairment of fibrin turnover and thrombin generation.
Full‐zirconia single‐tooth molar implant‐supported restorations with angulated screw channel abutments: A 1‐year prospective case series study
Authors: Pol Christiaan W. P. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Maragkou Zakelina , Cune Marco S. , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐supported restorations in the posterior region are subjected to various complications that could be prevented by changing either the design or the material.PurposeThe aim of this prospective case series study was to evaluate full‐zirconia implant‐supported restorations with angulated screw channel abutments in the molar region of the maxilla and mandible and their effect on hard and soft peri‐implant tissues, during a 1‐year follow‐up period.Materials and MethodsThirty consecutive patients with a single missing molar, sufficient bone height, and implant site free of infection were included. Each patient was to receive a parallel‐walled implant with conical connection according to a two‐staged surgical protocol. After 3 months, a full‐contour screw‐retained zirconia restoration with angulated screw channel abutment was provided. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed 1 and 12 months after placement of the restoration. Patients' satisfaction was scored prior to treatment and after 12 months with the restoration in function. Primary outcome measure was success of the restoration.ResultsAll patients could be evaluated after 12 months. Success of the restorations was 100%. From loading to the 12‐month follow‐up, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.16 mm (SD: 0.26). Mean scores for plaque, calculus, peri‐implant mucosa, bleeding, and pocket probing depth were low, depicting healthy peri‐implant conditions. Patients' satisfaction was high and had improved after treatment.ConclusionFull‐contour zirconia implant‐supported restorations with angulated screw channel abutments in the molar region have an excellent clinical performance after 1 year of function.
Clinical encounters about obesity: Systematic review of patients' perspectives
Authors: Ananthakumar Thanusha , Jones Nicholas R. , Hinton Lisa , Aveyard Paul 
Published: December 2019

SummaryGuidelines recommend clinicians intervene on obesity but it is unclear how people with overweight react. In this systematic review, we searched 20 online databases for qualitative studies interviewing people with overweight or obesity who had consulted a primary care clinician. Framework synthesis was used to analyse 21 studies to produce a new theoretical understanding. Consultations in which patients discussed their weight were more infrequent than patients would have liked, which some perceived was because they were unworthy of medical time; others that it indicated doctors feel being overweight is not a serious risk. Patients reported that doctors offered banal advice assuming that the patient ate unhealthily or was not trying to address their weight. Patients reported doctors assumed that their symptoms were due to overweight without a proper history or examination, creating concern that serious illness may be missed. Patients responded positively to offers of support for weight loss and active monitoring of weight. Patients with overweight internalize weight stigma sensitizing them to clues that clinicians are judging them negatively, even if weight is not discussed. Patients' negative experiences in consultations relate to perceived snap judgements and flippant advice and negative experiences appear more salient than positive ones.
Effects of sequential treatment with lixisenatide, insulin glargine, or their combination on meal‐related glycaemic excursions, insulin and glucagon secretion, and gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Meier Juris J. , Menge Björn A. , Schenker Nina , Erdmann Silke , Kahle‐Stephan Melanie , Schliess Freimut , Kapitza Christoph , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the glucose‐lowering mechanisms of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide after two subsequent meals and in combination with basal insulin.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight metformin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment sequences with either lixisenatide or insulin glargine alone for 4 weeks, and a combination of both treatments for 4 weeks. Metabolic examinations were performed before and after each treatment period following breakfast and a late lunch 8 hours later.ResultsLixisenatide mainly reduced postprandial glycaemia, while insulin glargine mainly reduced fasting glucose after breakfast (P < 0.05). This was partially preserved after a late lunch (P < 0.05). After breakfast, lixisenatide reduced insulin secretion and glucagon levels significantly. These effects were lost after a late lunch. Insulin glargine did not significantly reduce glucagon or insulin secretion. Gastric emptying was slowed by lixisenatide, but not by insulin glargine after breakfast. After the late lunch, lixisenatide slightly accelerated gastric emptying.ConclusionsLixisenatide decelerates gastric emptying after breakfast, thereby reducing glycaemic excursions, insulin secretion and glucagon levels. The glycaemic reduction persists until after a late lunch, despite accelerated gastric emptying. The combination with insulin glargine enhances the glucose‐lowering effect because of complementary modes of action.
Pollen availability for the Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta) in regions of different land use and landscape structures
Authors: Kratschmer Sophie , Petrović Božana , Curto Manuel , Meimberg Harald , Pachinger Bärbel 
Published: December 2019

1. Osmia cornuta is a generalist regarding its habitat requirements and is used for pollination in orchards. The species collects pollen from different plant taxa, but pollen richness and pollen quantity in a nest may be affected by land use and landscape structures.2. The availability of pollen resources for O. cornuta was studied across different land use types (one urban, village‐structured, agricultural, and viticultural region each) by pollen analysis in the context of landscape structures.3. In total, 16 pollen types were identified in 1180 brood cells of O. cornuta. On average (± SD), the highest pollen richness per region (n = 4) was found in the viticultural region (4.75 ± 0.96) and the lowest in the agricultural region (1 ± 2). Osmia cornuta collected predominantly pollen from the Sorbus‐pollen group, which includes Prunus species. Salix was primarily collected in the village‐structured and agricultural regions, and Quercus was frequently found in samples from the viticulture region. The highest mean (± SD) number of brood cells per region (n = 4) was found in the viticulture region (136.35 ± 57.45) and the lowest in the agricultural region (20.25 ± 40.5). Increasing proportions of green areas in urban and village‐structured regions affected the pollen richness positively, whereas agricultural areas had a negative impact on pollen richness and the number of brood cells.4. It was concluded that the polylectic O. cornuta uses a wide range of flowering plants dependent on their availability. The maintenance of fruit trees as well as willow and oak trees enhances floral resources qualitatively and quantitatively for O.cornuta specifically in intensively farmed agricultural areas.
The cytokine IL‐17A as a marker of treatment resistance in major depressive disorder?
Authors: Nothdurfter Caroline , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Sarubin Nina , Hilbert Sven , Manook André , Weigl Johannes , Almeqbaali Khalifa , Wetzel Christian H. , Rupprecht Rainer , Baghai Thomas C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajor depression is a complex disease and—among others, inflammation appears to play an important role in its pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated a broad range of cytokines in depressed patients. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐12/ IL‐23p40, IL‐15, IL‐16, IL‐17A, IL‐1α, IL‐7, tumor necrosis factorβ and vascular endothelial growth factor were compared in 48 patients suffering from major depression before, after one and after six weeks of antidepressive treatment in relation to therapy response. Interestingly, the level of IL‐17A turned out to rise significantly in the non‐responder group compared to responder during antidepressive treatment. IL‐17A is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that initiates the production of other cytokines, thereby inducing and mediating immune response. It is also involved in allergic and autoimmune‐related diseases. The database investigating the role of IL‐17A in major depressive disorder has grown within the last few years comparing levels of this cytokine in depressed patients versus healthy subjects. However, little is known about the expression of IL‐17A during the course of antidepressive treatment. In summary, our study provides valuable evidence that this cytokine might serve as a marker of therapy resistance to antidepressants.
Computed tomography characteristics of equine paranasal sinus cysts
Authors: Ostrowska Justyna , Lindström Lisa , Tóth Tamás , Hansson Kerstin , Uhlhorn Margareta , Ley Charles J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is commonly used to investigate equine paranasal sinus disease, however, only limited information is available in the literature about the detailed CT appearance of equine paranasal sinus cysts.ObjectivesTo investigate if paranasal sinus cysts have specific characteristics in CT images that allow differentiation from other sinus diseases.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsEvaluation and comparison of CT studies of eight horses with surgically and/or histopathologically confirmed paranasal sinus cysts and 10 horses with other confirmed paranasal sinus diseases.ResultsA discrete hyperattenuating wall‐like structure was detected in the periphery of the sinus lesion in precontrast acquisition in 7/8 horses with paranasal sinus cysts. A similar wall‐like structure was detected in 3/10 horses with other sinus diseases, however, in contrast to horses with paranasal sinus cysts, two of these also had hyperattenuating regions within the contents of the sinus lesion. Bone destruction and formation affecting cancellous and cortical bone and dental disease were frequent in horses with paranasal sinus cysts. No significant difference in attenuation values was found when the fluid/soft tissue attenuation contents of lesions in horses with paranasal sinus cysts (mean 28.9 ± SD 9.2 HU) were compared with other sinus diseases when ethmoid haematomas were excluded (30.4 ± 12.9 HU, P = .8).Main limitationsLow number of cases.ConclusionsDetection of a hyperattenuating cystic wall is a helpful feature for identifying paranasal sinus cysts in CT images of horses. In contrast, measurement of attenuation values of the soft tissue/fluid contents of the sinus lesions was not helpful in identifying paranasal sinus cysts.
The effect of continuous digital hypothermia on lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion during laminitis development in two experimental models
Authors: Stokes Simon M. , Bertin Francois‐Rene , Stefanovski Darko , Poulsen Lea , Belknap James K. , Medina‐Torres Carlos E. , Pollitt Christopher C. , van Eps Andrew W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundContinuous digital hypothermia (CDH) prevents lamellar failure in the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) and oligofructose (OF) laminitis models, but the mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of CDH on lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion in healthy horses and during EHC and OF laminitis models.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsArchived samples were used from Standardbred geldings that received no treatment (CON) (n = 8) or underwent EHC (n = 8) or OF (n = 6) laminitis models. Both forelimbs were instrumented with a lamellar microdialysis system, and one forelimb was cooled (CDH) with the other maintained at ambient temperature (AMB). Microdialysate was collected every 6 hours and analysed for glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations and lactate to pyruvate ratio (L:P). Microdialysis urea clearance was used to estimate lamellar tissue perfusion. Data were analysed using a mixed‐effects linear regression model.ResultsGlucose did not change in CDH limbs relative to AMB in CON (P = .3), EHC (P = .3) or OF (P = .6) groups. There was a decrease in lactate (P < .001) and pyruvate (P < .01) in CDH limbs relative to AMB in all groups. L:P decreased in CON CDH relative to CON AMB (P < .001) but was not different in EHC (P = .6) and OF (P = .07) groups. Urea clearance decreased in CDH limbs relative to AMB in CON (P = .002) and EHC (P < .001), but not in OF (P = .4).Main limitationsThe EHC model may not mimic natural endocrinopathic laminitis.ConclusionsCDH caused a marked decrease in lamellar glucose metabolism (CON, EHC and OF) and perfusion (CON and EHC) without affecting lamellar glucose concentration. Although cellular energy failure is not a primary pathophysiological event in EHC and OF laminitis models, CDH may act by limiting energy supply to pathologic cellular processes whilst preserving those critical to lamellar homoeostasis.