bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Costs and Resistance to Germany's Energy Transition
Authors: Karapin Roger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGermany is an exemplary case of an energy transition from nuclear energy and fossil fuels toward renewables in the electricity sector, but it also demonstrates repeated, increasingly successful countermobilization by energy incumbents and their allies. The course for Germany's energy transition waslargelyset with the adoption of a feed‐in tariff law in 1990, but since then the energy transition has been altered by a series of policy‐making episodes, each of which was shaped by the outcomes of the previous episodes; there has been a combination of reinforcing and reactive sequences. This article uses policy windows and advocacy coalition theory, supplemented by work on resistance to carbon pricing, to analyze the four periods in which opponents of the energy transition had the greatest opportunities to limit or reverse it. It makes three main arguments intended to influence future research on energy transitions: (1) episodes of opposition to the feed‐in tariff policy occurred when problem awareness and political commitment converged, (2) the outcomes of those conflicts depended on the balance of mobilization by advocacy and opposing coalitions, and (3) rising household costs due to the renewable energy surcharge drove both problem awareness and the composition of the opposing coalition, which helped lead to a more far‐reaching retrenchment of renewable energy policy in 2014 than in earlier periods.
TRIM32 promotes inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Liang Tian , Song Min , Xu Kewu , Guo Chenglong , Xu Hongbin , Zhang Hongwei , Xu Lanping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a worldwide autoimmune disease. The study of its aetiology and mechanism has always been a focus topic in medicine. This research was designed to investigate the effect of E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients, the expression of TRIM32 was significantly increased compared with its expression in osteoarthritis (OA) patients FLS. A widely used pro‐inflammatory stimuli tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) was found to promote TRIM32 expression in a time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of TRIM32 aggravated the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in FLS, silencing of TRIM32 showed the consistent results. In addition, TRIM32 was found to activate nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway, and TRIM32 could interact with TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) to promote the K63‐linked polyubiquitination of TRAF2 in RA‐FLS. In conclusion, we suggested that TRIM32 as a positive regulator of inflammatory responses in RA‐FLS.
Costly Preparations in Bargaining*
Authors: Karagözoğlu Emin , Rachmilevitch Shiran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe model costly preparations in negotiations and study their effect on agreements in a bilateral bargaining game. In our model, players bargain over a unit pie, where each player needs to pay a fixed cost in the beginning of every period t, if he wants to stay in the game in period t+1 in case a deal has not been reached by the end of t. Whether a player has paid this cost (i.e., prepared for negotiations in t+1) is his private information. If only player i stops paying, then player j receives the entire pie. We characterize a “war of attrition” equilibrium, which is a symmetric equilibrium. We do not know whether the game has other symmetric equilibria, but we show that if such an equilibrium exists, its payoff converges to zero as the frictions (discounting and preparation cost) vanish. Efficiency can be obtained by asymmetric play. Specifically, with asymmetric strategies every Pareto‐efficient payoff vector can be approximated in equilibrium, provided that the cost of preparations is sufficiently small and that the discount factor is sufficiently close to one.
Physical fitness components in relation to attention capacity in Latin American youth with overweight and obesity
Authors: García‐Hermoso Antonio , Hormazábal‐Aguayo Ignacio , Fernández‐Vergara Omar , Izquierdo Mikel , Alonso‐Martínez Alicia , Bonilla‐Vargas Kely Johana , González‐Ruíz Katherine , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson 
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was twofold: (a) to examine the association between health‐related physical fitness and attention capacity in Latin American children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and (b) to test whether body composition outcomes are moderators of this association. A cross‐sectional design was used to study 201 overweight/obese participants (12.1 ± 2.1 years of age; 34.3% girls) from Chile (Active‐Start study) and Colombia (HEPAFIT study). Body composition, muscular fitness, speed‐agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated using two similar test batteries (ALPHA and FUPRECOL). Attention capacity was measured by the d2 Test. Linear regression and moderation analyses were conducted. Linear regression analysis revealed an association between muscular fitness (β = 0.245, P = .015), speed‐agility (β = −0.16, P = .027), cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.331, P < .001) and overall fitness score (β = 0.210; P = .004) and attention capacity (all analyses were controlled for age, sex, peak height velocity, maternal education, and study setting). Moderation analysis using the Johnson‐Neyman technique revealed that the effect of the relationship between muscular fitness score and speed‐agility and attention capacity was stronger as fat mass and fat mass index increased. In conclusion, physical fitness components are associated with higher attention capacity in youth with overweight/obesity, but body composition seems to moderate these relationships. Randomized controlled trials in this population would help to better understand whether improvements in different components of physical fitness lead to better attention capacity, especially in youth with excess adiposity.
Land use capability at recharge zones
Authors: Calegario Arthur Telles , Pereira Luis Flávio , Oliveira da Silva Laksme Narayana , Laurentiz de Araújo Uriel , David da Silva Demetrius , Pereira Silvio Bueno , de Castro Oliveira Guilherme , Inácio Fernandes Filho Elpidio , Monteiro Luane Ines Brito 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLand use capability systems do not present any considerations regarding recharge zones (RZs). To improve conservation planning, the objective of this study was to present a parametrization method for the land use capability of recharge zones (LUC‐RZ). RZs were characterized as the upper thirds of the elevations of all slopes with rectilinear, concave and/or convex features in the terrains. The LUC‐RZ were parameterized based on the slope of the middle third of the elevations. The proposed methodology was applied to the Doce River basin (DRB) in Brazil, and 27.9% of the total area was characterized as RZs. It was found that 61.9% of the RZs area could be exploited through agricultural and livestock use; however, the usability of most of these areas was conditional on the adoption of rigorous soil and water conservation techniques. The remaining 38.1%, which was equivalent to 10.6% of the DRB, was restricted to native forest cover. Of the 61.9% of RZs area that could be used for agriculture and livestock, 18.2% was occupied by native vegetation. These areas are protected by law and are responsible for several ecosystem services and thus must be preserved. The parameterization of the LUC‐RZ was sensitive to pedogeomorphological characteristics. The methodology used for the determination of the recharge zones has a strong theoretical basis and was simple to implement and therefore has great potential for use in multicriteria analyses for determining recharge zones.
Structural analysis of sheath folds and geochronology in the Cuonadong Dome, southern Tibet, China: New constraints on the timing of the South Tibetan detachment system and its relationship to North Himalayan Gneiss Domes
Authors: Fu Jiangang , Li Guangming , Wang Genhou , Zhang Linkui , Liang Wei , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Jiao Yanjie , Dong Suiliang , Huang Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStructural analysis and new zircon U/Pb geochronology were performed in the Cuonadong Dome in order to test the hypothesis that the top‐to‐North deformation in the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes (NHGD) has been correlated with deformation along the South Tibetan detachment system (STDS). Structural analysis suggests that the X‐axes of sheath folds at the different flanks of the dome are consistent, and show average a trend and plunge of 350° and 18°. Many shear sense indicators are recorded in the ductile shear zone during the top‐to‐north deformation, including the augen structure, σ‐type and δ‐type rotating porphyroclast, S–C fabric and pressure shadow structure. The development of the sheath folds first provide a direct‐field structural evidence that represents a deeper ductile manifestation of the STDS, and further suggests that the top‐to‐north deformation in the NHGD have been correlated with deformation along the STDS. The emplacement of the synkinematic granites at ca. 32 Ma exposed at the core of the sheath folds is also interpreted as the initiation of slip along the STDS.
Utilization of deceased organ donors based on HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus screening test results
Authors: Theodoropoulos Nicole , Kroll‐Desrosiers Aimee , Ison Michael G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPotential deceased organ donors are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with serologic tests and nucleic acid tests (NATs). The results of these tests on the utilization of donors have not been directly measured.MethodsTwenty‐six organ procurement organizations (OPOs) provided primary HIV, HBV, and HCV screening results and utilization information for donor referrals evaluated from 2004 to 2017. Additional information regarding donor organ utilization was obtained from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsTest results were submitted for 38 166 potential deceased organ donors; 31 (0.1%) were HIV NAT‐negative but seropositive, 5.2% were HBV core antibody‐positive and NAT‐negative, while 1.8% were HCV antibody‐positive and NAT‐negative. Organ utilization of HBV and/or HCV NAT‐negative organs increased over time despite positive antibody status.ConclusionsNucleic acid test detected infections in seronegative donors, especially for HCV. The use of NAT for deceased donor screening correlated with increased utilization of donor organs.
Epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in Ireland 2004–2016: What has changed?
Authors: O'Connor Lois , McKeown Paul , Barrasa Alicia , Garvey Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCampylobacter is the most common notifiable cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in Ireland. However, epidemiological information is limited. We aimed to describe Campylobacter epidemiology in Ireland and trends over time, to inform future surveillance and research. We reviewed data completeness and described notified cases of campylobacteriosis (2004–2016) by age, sex, geographical area, season and trends over time. We used negative binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and adjusted IRR (aIRR) by age group, sex, geographical area and season. We undertook interrupted time‐series analysis by age group and geographical area incorporating terms for trend and period (2004–2010 and 2011–2016). There were 27,034 cases of campylobacteriosis notified between 2004 and 2016. Data were >99% complete for notification date, geographical area, sex and date of birth. Crude annual incidence ranged from 36.2 to 54.4 per 100,000 population. The incidence was higher in, males (aIRR 1.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.12–1.19), those aged <5 years compared with the lowest incidence age group (45–64 years) (aIRR 4.65, 95% CI 4.43–4.88), other seasons compared with winter and all other areas compared with the north‐east area (aIRR range 1.22–1.71, p‐values <.001). In 2011, we observed a stepped increase in annual crude incidence overall, in both sexes, all age groups and most geographical areas. This pattern was mirrored on time‐series analysis, with significant increases in trend‐adjusted incidences of 30%–45% (p‐values ≤.008) detected for all age groups and 30%–66% (p‐values ≤.012) for seven out of eight geographical areas after 2011. Campylobacter remains the most commonly notified bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in Ireland. With available information, we could not fully explain a stepped increase in incidence observed in 2011. The transition of regional laboratories from culture‐based to molecular‐based Campylobacter diagnostic methods was a possible contributor. However, further investigation is required to fully explain the identified changes.
Elucidation of the roles of brown and brite fat genes: GPR120 is a modulator of brown adipose tissue function
Authors: Christian Mark 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Activation of brown adipose tissue with G protein‐coupled receptors as key druggable targets as a strategy to increase energy consumption and reduce fat mass.
What advances does it highlight?
GPR120 is a fatty acid receptor highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. Its activation by selective ligands increases brown adipose tissue activity. This is mediated by changes in mitochondrial dynamics resulting in increased O2 consumption leading to enhanced nutrient uptake and a reduction in fat mass.
AbstractThe identification of druggable targets to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a strategy to combat obesity due to this highly metabolically active tissue utilising thermogenesis to burn fat. Upon cold exposure BAT is activated by the sympathetic nervous system via β3‐adrenergic receptors. Determination of additional receptors expressed by brown, white and brite (brown‐in‐white) fat can lead to new pharmacological treatments to activate BAT. GPR120 is a G protein‐coupled fatty acid receptor that is highly expressed in BAT and further increases in response to cold. Activation of this receptor with the selective agonist TUG‐891 acutely increases fat oxidation and reduces fat mass in mice. The effects are coincident with increased BAT activity and enhanced nutrient uptake. TUG‐891 stimulation of brown adipocytes induces intracellular Ca2+ release which results in elevated O2 consumption as well as mitochondrial depolarisation and fission. Thus, activation of GPR120 in BAT with ligands such as TUG‐891 is a promising strategy to increase fat consumption.
Spike‐wave discharges in absence epilepsy: segregation of electrographic components reveals distinct pathways of seizure activity
Authors: Terlau Jonas , Yang Jenq‐Wei , Khastkhodaei Zeinab , Seidenbecher Thomas , Luhmann Heiko J. , Pape Hans‐Christian , Lüttjohann Annika 
Published: March 2020

Key points
The major electrophysiological hallmarks of absence seizures are spike and wave discharges (SWDs), consisting of a sharp spike component and a slow wave component.
In a widely accepted scheme, these components are functionally coupled and reflect an iterative progression of neuronal excitation during the spike and post‐excitatory silence during the wave.
In a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy, local pharmacological inhibition of the centromedian thalamus (CM) selectively suppressed the spike component, leaving self‐contained waves in epidural recordings.
Thalamic inputs induced activity in cortical microcircuits underlying the spike component, while intracortical oscillations generated the wave component.
Based on these findings, we propose a model in which oscillatory waves provide adequate time windows for integration of thalamocortical inputs and feedback responses during generation of a synchronized SWD.
AbstractSpike and wave discharges (SWDs) are the electrographic hallmark of absence seizures and the major diagnostic criterion for childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). In a widely accepted scheme, the alternating sequence of spikes and waves reflects an iterative progression of neuronal excitation during the spike component and post‐excitatory silence during the wave component. Here we challenge this view by showing that these two components are not necessarily coupled. In a genetic rat model of CAE, self‐contained waves occurred in motor cortex in synchrony with SWDs in the somatosensory system during blockade of afferent input from the thalamus. Current‐source density analyses of multi‐site local field potentials (LFPs) revealed layer‐specific activity, in which thalamic inputs induced a sequence of cellular‐synaptic events underlying the spike component, while intracortical oscillations generated the wave component. These findings indicate novel principles of SWDs, where oscillatory cortical waves provide adequate time windows for integration of thalamocortical inputs and feedback responses during generation of seizure activity.
Constructing treatment episodes from concomitant medication logs: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kuramoto Lisa K , Sobolev Boris G , Brasher Penelope M A , Tang Michael W , Cragg Jacquelyn J 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo describe an approach using concomitant medication log records for the construction of treatment episodes. Concomitant medication log records are routinely collected in clinical studies. Unlike prescription and dispensing records, concomitant medication logs collect utilisation data. Logs can provide information about drug safety and drug repurposing.DesignA prospective multicentre, multicohort observational study.SettingTwenty-one clinical sites in the USA, Europe, Israel and Australia.Participants415 subjects from the de novo cohort of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative.MethodsWe construct treatment episodes of concomitant medication use. The proposed approach treats temporal gaps as a stoppage of medication and temporal overlaps as simultaneous use or changes in dose. Log records with no temporal gaps were combined into a single treatment episode.Results5723 concomitant medication log records were used to construct 3655 treatment episodes for 65 medications. There were 405 temporal gaps representing a stoppage of medication; 985 temporal overlaps representing simultaneous regimens of the same medication and 2696 temporal overlaps representing a change in dose regimen. The median episode duration was 37 months (IQ interval: 11–73 months).ConclusionsThe proposed approach for constructing treatment episodes offers a method of estimating duration and dose of treatment from concomitant medication log records. The accompanying recommendations guide log data collection to improve their quality for drug safety and drug repurposing.
Parent-reported early sleep problems and internalising, externalising and dysregulation symptoms in toddlers
Authors: Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Lemola Sakari , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi , Kylliäinen Anneli , Pölkki Pirjo , Paunio Tiina , Broome Matthew R , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe concurrence of sleep and socio-emotional development in children is well accepted. However, the predictive role of sleep problems in infancy and the development of emotional and behavioural problems later in childhood remain still unclear. Therefore, in this study we examined the associations between sleep problems in early childhood and internalising, externalising and dysregulation symptoms in toddlers.Methods1679 families entered the study during pregnancy and 936 children participated at 24 months. Parent-reported sleep duration, sleep-onset latency, night wakings, proportion of daytime sleep and bedtime at 3, 8, 18 and 24 months were assessed with two sleep questionnaires. Externalising, internalising and dysregulation problems at 24 months were examined with the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment.ResultsShort sleep duration at 3 and 8 months, more night wakings at 3, 8, 18 and 24 months and greater proportion of daytime sleep at 24 months were associated with internalising symptoms. Shorter sleep duration at 8, 18 and 24 months and longer sleep-onset latency and more night wakings at all time points, in addition to earlier bedtime at 8 months and greater proportion of daytime sleep at 24 months, were related to dysregulation. Finally, more night wakings at 3 and 24 months, and longer sleep-onset latency at 24 months were associated with externalising problems.ConclusionShorter sleep and poorer sleep quality in infancy were prospectively related to emotional and behavioural symptoms in toddlers, and these associations were strongest for internalising and dysregulation symptoms. This study contributes to the recent research on the role of early sleep problems in socio-emotional development, suggesting that shorter sleep duration, longer sleep-onset latency and higher waking frequency are related to internalising, externalising and dysregulation symptoms in toddlers, and thus it might be beneficial to provide early interventions for those infants reporting these sleep problems.
Changes in mean arterial pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide content affect venous sinus pressures in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a randomized study
Authors: Tschoe Christine , Garner Rebecca M , Kittel Carol , Traunero Justin R , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionLittle is known about how changes in physiologic parameters affect venous sinus pressure measurements, waveforms, or gradients associated with sinus stenosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of changes in cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic parameters on venous sinus pressure and caliber measurements in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) undergoing venous sinus stenting.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized pilot study, eight patients with IIH undergoing venous sinus stenting were randomized to one of two groups. Under general anesthesia, patients underwent venous manometry and waveform recordings twice in succession based on assigned physiologic groups immediately before stenting. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) group maintained normocapnia but modified MAPs in two arms to control for temporal confounding: group A1 (MAP 60-80 mm Hg then 100–110 mm Hg) and group A2 (MAP 100-110 mm Hg then 60–80 mm Hg). The end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) group maintained a high-normal MAP similar to standard neuroanesthesia goals and modified EtCO2: group B1 (EtCO224–26 mm Hg then 38–40 mm Hg) and B2 (EtCO228–40 mm Hg then 24–26 mm Hg).ResultsIn group A, superior sagittal sinus (SSS) pressures (ranging from 8 to 76 mm Hg) and trans-stenotic pressure gradients (TSPGs) (ranging from 2 to 67 mm Hg) were seen at MAP of 100–110 mm Hg compared with SSS pressures (4–38 mm Hg) and TSPGs (3–31 mm Hg) at 60–80 mm Hg. In group B, SSS pressures and TSPGs were considerably higher at EtCO2levels of 38–40 mm Hg (15–57 mm Hg and 3–44 mm Hg, respectively) than at 24–26 mm Hg (8–26 mm Hg and 1–8 mm Hg, respectively).ConclusionsDespite the small sample size, this pilot study demonstrates a dramatic effect of both MAP and EtCO2on venous sinus pressures obtained during venography. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining normal physiologic cardiovascular and respiratory parameters during venous sinus manometry.