bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure of Italian population of the grapevine downy mildew agent, Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Maddalena Giuliana , Delmotte François , Bianco Piero Attilio , De Lorenzis Gabriella , Toffolatti Silvia Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDowny mildew, caused by the Oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most important diseases affecting the Eurasian grapevine, Vitis vinifera. The pathogen originated in Northern America and its presence was signalled for the first time into Europe in 1878. In this study, the genetic variability and structure of Italian P. viticola population was investigated by genotyping 106 P. viticola strains belonging to 12 different regions, at 31 microsatellite markers. As a result of the high percentage of missing data, 96 strains and 19 loci were retained for the data analysis. The overall Italian population presents absence of clones, evidence of sexual and asexual reproduction and a low genetic diversity, as expected for an introduced pathogen, but a slightly higher genetic diversity than that found in other European populations, based on allelic diversity at the investigated microsatellite loci. Out of 19 loci, half shows deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and, indeed, structure analysis indicates the presence of two separate genetic clusters, with little but significantly different distribution according to geography (west–east gradient) and climatic conditions. Overall, the analysis of the P. viticola population, 140 years after its appearance in Italy, provides indication on the pathogen adaptability. This should be taken into consideration in the future for preserving the durability of disease resistant varieties in open field. In this view, all the disease control methods available should be integrated in order to reduce the selection of pathogen strains able to overcome plant resistance.
Women’s experiences and satisfaction with having a cesarean birth: An integrative review
Authors: Coates Dominiek , Thirukumar Purshaiyna , Henry Amanda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith around one third of woman having a cesarean birth, better understanding of women's experiences of having a cesarean is vital to improve women's experiences of care. The aim of this review was to gain insight into women's experiences of and satisfaction with cesarean and to identify factors that contribute to women's poor experiences of care.MethodsUsing an integrative methodology, evidence was systematically considered in relation to women's experiences of cesarean birth and whether they were satisfied with their experience of care. To identify studies, PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for the period from 2008 to 2018, and reference lists of included studies were examined.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included. Although the majority of women were satisfied with their cesarean, a large minority of women were dissatisfied and reported a negative experience. In particular, women who had an emergency cesarean were less satisfied than women who had a vaginal birth. Nonmedical factors or experiences that appear associated with dissatisfaction include (a) feeling ignored and disempowered; (b) experiencing a loss of control; (c) not being informed; and (d) birth values that favor vaginal birth.ConclusionsWomen's experiences of cesarean birth appear influenced by the circumstances (emergency vs planned), the extent to which they felt involved in decision‐making and in control of their experience, and their birth values and beliefs. Increasing antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum communication and shared decision‐making may help engage women as an active participant in their own birth.
The familial hypercholesterolaemia phenotype: Monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia, polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and other causes
Authors: Mariano Cibelle , Alves Ana Catarina , Medeiros Ana Margarida , Chora Joana Rita , Antunes Marília , Futema Marta , Humphries Steve E. , Bourbon Mafalda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterised by high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations and increased cardiovascular risk. However, in clinically defined FH cohorts worldwide, an FH‐causing variant is only found in 40%‐50% of the cases. The aim of this work was to characterise the genetic cause of the FH phenotype in Portuguese clinical FH patients. Between 1999 and 2017, 731 index patients (311 children and 420 adults) who met the Simon Broome diagnostic criteria had been referred to our laboratory. LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, LIPA, LDLRAP1, ABCG5/8 genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing. The 6‐SNP LDL‐C genetic risk score (GRS) for polygenic hypercholesterolaemia was validated in the Portuguese population and cases with a GRS over the 25th percentile were considered to have a high likelihood of polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. An FH‐causing mutation was found in 39% of patients (94% in LDLR, 5% APOB and 1% PCSK9), while at least 29% have polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and 1% have other lipid disorders. A genetic cause for the FH phenotype was found in 503 patients (69%). All known causes of the FH phenotype should be investigated in FH cohorts to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Differentiating keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma—In quest of the holy grail
Authors: Nagarajan Priyadharsini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo distinguish keratoacanthomas from squamous cell carcinomas remains a diagnostic challenge in dermatopathology. Several immunohistochemical and cytogenetic markers have been evaluated; however, so far there has been no unequivocal evidence supporting practical application of any of these markers. Recent studies have evaluated the composition of tumor‐associated immune infiltrate, in particular the number and distribution of CD123‐positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells in making this distinction; but these cells also do not appear to be a consistent biomarker in distinguishing keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma.
First genetic evidence that invasive bullhead (Cottus L. 1758) in Scotland is of English origin and the difficulty of resolving the European Cottus species taxonomy
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Briers Rob A. , Dodd Jennifer A. , Rueckert Sonja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe European bullhead (Cottus gobio) is widely distributed across Europe, and within the UK is native to England and Wales, where it is protected under the Habitats Directive. In Scotland, however, the species is considered invasive and thriving populations are recorded in the Forth and Clyde river catchments, and the Ale Water in the Scottish Borders. The genetic identity of the Scottish populations has not been established. There is also debate about the status of the European bullhead and its validity as single species, a species complex with several unresolved species, or distinct different species in its European distribution range. There is therefore a need to determine the taxonomy and likely source of the novel Scottish populations. Genetic analyses using cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences were undertaken on specimens from the Forth and Clyde catchments, and combined with the results of morphological characteristics to provide a comprehensive assessment of the taxonomic classification for Scottish bullheads. There was considerable variation in morphological characteristics between populations within Scotland and a wider range of variability than previously recorded for English populations. Genetically the Scottish populations were very closely related to English specimens, supporting the hypothesis of introduction directly from England to Scotland. In terms of broader relationships, Scottish specimens are genetically more closely related to the ostensible species Chabot fluviatile Cottus perifretum, which has been suggested as one of a complex of species across Europe. Morphologically they exhibit characteristics on the spectrum between C. perifretum and C. gobio. There is an urgent need for the clarification of the taxonomy of Cottus sp(p). to avoid confusion in future publications, legislation and management practices relating to bullheads throughout the UK and Europe.
Rapid cooling via dry ice preserves the genetic and morphological integrity of fish embryos
Authors: Fost Brooks , Morey Kevin , Ferguson Bryan , Bourque Danielle , Naaum Amanda , Bradley Doug , Hanner Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarval fishes provide a valuable metric for assessing and monitoring species, populations, and ecosystem trends and condition. However, taxonomic resolution for this life stage is inherently problematic because of their individual sizes, limited morphological characteristics and high tissue degradation rates. There is little research on methods that rapidly preserve larval tissues for later morphological and molecular identification. The goal of this study was to test methods of rapidly killing fish embryos that maintain both morphological and molecular integrity. Rapid cooling with dry ice successfully maintained morphological and molecular integrity and may offer a simple and cost‐effective approach for larval fish identification.
An international perspective on Spanish socialism: The role of the British Labour Party in the rise of the PSOE, 1974–77
Authors: Fernández Benedicto Carla 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Between 1974 and 1977, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) (PSOE) went from a weak and fragmented organization to become the second most voted for party. At a time when international solidarity among socialist parties was common, and when the globalization process was becoming increasingly apparent, transnational influences and support played a crucial role in the PSOE's remarkable political growth. Nevertheless, most scholars define the Spanish transition to democracy and its internal developments, which include the PSOE's rise, as a successful self-made product. Only Pilar Ortuño, and more recently Juan Carlos Pereira, have conducted in-depth research into international influences as a key factor in this process. The objective of this article is twofold: to assess the role of the British Labour Movement in the development of the PSOE and its syndicate, the Workers' General Union (Unión General de Trabajadores) (UGT), and to determine to what extent the Labour Movement was responsible for the impressive political growth of the PSOE. In this sense, this article seeks to move beyond and expand on the studies of Ortuño and Pereira by including the role of the British Labour Government in the PSOE's political rise.
Songs from India and Zanzibar: Documenting the Gulf in migration
Authors: Hudson Dale 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith a primarily South Asian population, including both middle-class families and 'bachelors', the Gulf states unsettle assumptions about the Middle East and South Asia developed from western area studies. This article examines three documentaries –From Gulf to Gulf to Gulf, Champ of the CampandSounds of the Sea– that layer visual images of the Gulf with songs from India and Zanzibar. They document the inequities and the ways in which vulnerable populations navigate them to find dignity in a world that often dismisses them as victims (e.g., exploited migrants, oppressed women) or uses them to legitimize segregation in allegedly overcrowded cities. They reconfigure documentary practice to allow subjects to speak indirectly, protecting them from possible retaliation or stigma. By documenting through nonwestern popular songs, these films contribute to a recovery of connections between South Asia, the Gulf and East Africa that were interrupted by British colonialism and US imperialism.
Tracing Kolkata's cinephilic encounters: An analysis of alternative cinema in the city
Authors: Biswas Amrita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article attempts to delineate the cartography of alternative cinematic productions in the region of Kolkata, which, being a nodal juncture that shapes the cultural milieu of Bengal, offers the technological and cultural infrastructures and the scope for cinephilic engagement crucial to the production of non-mainstream cinemas. To explore the gradual development of independent and amateur films in Kolkata, this article emphasizes the cinephilic tradition of the city that not only triggered cinematic movements (such as the film society movement and the Super-8 movement) but also ushered in the institution of film festivals in the region. Despite the mutations due to technological shifts, both film societies (in altered forms) and film festivals occupy central positions in the contemporary city's cinephilic culture. This article analyses the cinephilic legacies of the film society and the Super-8 movements that have historically fostered the contemporary cinephilic ecology of Kolkata, spurring peripheral media products.
Characteristics Associated With Clinically Important Treatment Responses in Women Undergoing Nonsurgical Therapy for Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Richter Holly E. , Jelovsek J. E. , Iyer P. , Rogers R. G. , Meyer I. , Newman D. K. , Bradley M. S. , Harm-Ernandes I. , Dyer K. Y. , Wohlrab K. , Mazloomdoost D. , Gantz M. G. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network and the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To identify baseline clinical and demographic characteristics associated with clinically important treatment responses in a randomized trial of nonsurgical therapies for fecal incontinence (FI).

METHODS:
Women (N = 296) with FI were randomized to loperamide or placebo- and manometry-assisted biofeedback exercises or educational pamphlet in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Treatment response was defined in 3 ways from baseline to 24 weeks: minimal clinically important difference (MID) of −5 points in St. Mark's score, ≥50% reduction in FI episodes, and combined St. Mark's MID and ≥50% reduction FI episodes. Multivariable logistic regression models included baseline characteristics and treatment groups with and without controlling for drug and exercise adherence.

RESULTS:
Treatment response defined by St. Mark's MID was associated with higher symptom severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.28) and being overweight vs normal/underweight (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.07–4.34); these predictors remained controlling for adherence. Fifty percent reduction in FI episodes was associated with the combined loperamide/biofeedback group compared with placebo/pamphlet (aOR 4.04, 95% CI 1.36–11.98), St. Mark's score in the placebo/pamphlet group (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01–1.65), FI subtype of urge vs urge plus passive FI (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.09–5.25), and passive vs urge plus passive FI (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.48–7.17). Controlling for adherence, associations remained, except St. Mark's score.

DISCUSSION:
Higher severity of FI symptoms, being overweight, drug adherence, FI subtype, and combined biofeedback and medication treatment were associated with clinically important treatment responses. This information may assist in counseling patients, regarding efficacy and expectations of nonsurgical treatments of FI.
No Association Linking Short-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use to Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Yuan Yuhong , Iqbal Umair , Kamal Sehrish , Khan Mubeen , Khan Zubair , Lee Wade M. , Howden Colin W. 
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been associated with a wide variety of potentially serious adverse effects including a possible increased risk of dementia. Studies evaluating this association have reached divergent conclusions. We aimed to evaluate this proposed association further and to assess the quality of the evidence in its support.

METHODS:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for studies examining a link between PPI use and dementia, up to February 2019. Studies reporting summary results as hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model for meta-analyses. Methodological quality of individual observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the overall quality of evidence rated as per the GRADE approach.

RESULTS:
We identified and included 11 observational studies comprising 642,949 subjects; 64% were women. Most studies were short-term ranging from 5 to 10 years. There were 158,954 PPI users and 483,995 nonusers. For studies summarizing data as adjusted HR, pooled HR for all causes of dementia was 1.10 (0.88–1.37); for Alzheimer dementia only, it was 1.06 (0.72–1.55). For studies summarizing data as adjusted OR, pooled OR for all causes of dementia was 1.03 (0.84–1.25) and for Alzheimer dementia only 0.96 (0.82–1.11). Per Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessment, 10 studies were of high quality and 1 was of moderate quality. By applying GRADE methodology, quality of evidence for both outcomes was very low.

DISCUSSION:
We found no evidence to support the proposed association between PPI use and an increased risk of dementia. PPI use among patients who have a valid indication for it, should not be curtailed because of concerns about dementia risk.
Proctocolitis From Coffee Enema
Authors: Lee Anna H. , Kabashneh Sohaip , Tsouvalas Charles P. , Rahim Usman , Khan Mir Y. , Anees Mohammad , Levine Diane 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Coffee enemas are often used by naturopathic practitioners to treat a number of diseases, including cancer. However, there is no supportive evidence, and its use comes with major risks. We report a case of proctocolitis in a healthy patient after coffee enema treatment. To our knowledge, only 3 other cases of this adverse effect exist in the literature.
Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
Authors: Ansori Ansori , Wibowo Sasmitha Ayu , Kusuma Heri Septya , Bhuana Donny Satria , Mahfud Mahfud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFossil fuel is the main energy resource in Indonesia with oil as the dominant fuel (44.1% of primary energy consumption) in 2017. But fossil fuel is not environmentally friendly and non-renewable. Thus, there is a need for alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil can provide a promising future as a renewable fuel resource. The used of CaO catalyst from eggshell waste is also profitable, and microwave radiation can help the biodiesel production process run more effectively. Optimization of parameters such as microwave power, catalyst concentration, and transesterification time was performed by using Box-Behnken design. Combinations between biodiesel production from nyamplung oil with CaO catalyst using microwave and treated with Box-Behnken design is considered a new and modern method with optimization of the parameters which affect the transesterification process. The result showed that at a microwave power of 325.24 W, a concentration of catalyst of 3.88%, and a transesterification time of 12.47 min can produce an optimal yield of biodiesel of 98.9079% with the reliability of 92.37%.
Shadow Banking in India: Nature, Trends, Concerns and Policy Interventions
Authors: Sivramkrishna Sashi , Gune Soyra , Kandalam Kasturi , Moharir Advait 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
While the origin of shadow banks may be traced to the 1970s, developing countries have witnessed a massive growth of shadow banks in more recent decades. India too has seen a similar growth in shadow banks; however, the recent 2018 collapse of IL&FS Group, a major shadow bank, disrupted the credit cycle, stalled investment and even affected overall GDP growth. With experts warning that shadow banks are susceptible to systemic risks and crisis, it becomes imperative to understand the shadow banking system better. In this paper, we use exploratory data analysis – both quantitative and qualitative – to draw attention to the need for definitional clarity in the concept of shadow banks and how they operate. Trends in Indian shadow banking are discussed using data drawn from secondary sources. Systemic risks in India’s shadow banking sector are identified and policy interventions are discussed. The study is imperative for highlighting the importance of shadow banking in India, its growth and the evolving policy interventions regulating this important component of the financial system.
Romania’s Research and Innovation Area: The Beginning of a SWOT Analysis
Authors: Rusu Radu-Dan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The global, “soft-power” role of research, development and innovation (R&D) has increased drastically over the last decades and the expectations regarding the societal and economic benefits of R&D as a natural effect of investment are greater than ever. Although Romania has implemented some of the most up-to-date concepts and strategies in the R&D field, the results are still modest and far below expectations, the country ranging last places among international scoreboards.
This study briefly surveys some of the most relevant indicators and statistics in the field and builds the fundamentals of a more complex SWOT analysis of the Romanian R&D area. It highlights key interconnected aspects like research national policies, public and private funding, human resources, key players in the field, R&D output and infrastructure.
Some of the strong points in the area are generated by a handful of poles of excellence – performing research entities based on highly qualified personnel and state-of-the-art infrastructure, stimulated by funding instruments under competitive conditions. The weaknesses belong to a complex of shortcomings and malfunctions related to the system’s funding and overall structure. These raise serious questions regarding the participation of the national R&D system to the sustainable development of Romania.
Segmentation Techniques for Innovation Support Services
Authors: Villarejo Esteban Pelayo , Juste Antoni Pastor , Kruszelnicki Jakub 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Segmentation of clients is a strategy widely used by companies and marketing units to sell their process. However, this concept is not so well established and widespread in public agencies supporting SME innovation. What are the benefits of designing advanced segmentation strategies for development agencies? Economic development practitioners agree that it’s necessary to provide customised innovation services to companies to get a greater impact. This paper presents how nine development agencies from seven European countries carry out their segmentation strategies to provide tailored initiatives of SMEs’ innovation support. The analysis also identifies common challenges RDA face, and how introducing Big Data Analysis can help them enhance innovation support in their regions.