bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete mapping of mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape antibody recognition
Authors: Greaney Allison J. , Starr Tyler N. , Gilchuk Pavlo , Zost Seth J. , Binshtein Elad , Loes Andrea N. , Hilton Sarah K. , Huddleston John , Eguia Rachel , Crawford Katharine H.D. , Dingens Adam S. , Nargi Rachel S. , Sutton Rachel E. , Suryadevara Naveenchandra , Rothlauf Paul W. , Liu Zhuoming , Whelan Sean P.J. , Carnahan Robert H. , Crowe James E. , Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) are being developed as therapeutics and make a major contribution to the neutralizing antibody response elicited by infection. Here, we describe a deep mutational scanning method to map how all amino-acid mutations in the RBD affect antibody binding, and apply this method to 10 human monoclonal antibodies. The escape mutations cluster on several surfaces of the RBD that broadly correspond to structurally defined antibody epitopes. However, even antibodies targeting the same RBD surface often have distinct escape mutations. The complete escape maps predict which mutations are selected during viral growth in the presence of single antibodies, and enable us to design escape-resistant antibody cocktails–including cocktails of antibodies that compete for binding to the same surface of the RBD but have different escape mutations. Therefore, complete escape-mutation maps enable rational design of antibody therapeutics and assessment of the antigenic consequences of viral evolution.
Revealing the functional traits that are linked to hidden environmental factors in community assembly
Authors: Pillar Valério D. , Sabatini Francesco Maria , Jandt Ute , Camiz Sergio , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo identify functional traits that best predict community assembly without knowing the driving environmental factors.MethodsWe propose a new method that is based on the correlation r(XY) between two matrices of potential community composition: matrixXis fuzzy-weighted by trait similarities of species, and matrixYis derived by Beals smoothing using the probabilities of species co-occurrences. Since matrixXis based on one or more traits, r(XY) measures how well the traits used for fuzzy-weighting reflect the observed co-occurrence patterns. We developed an optimization algorithm that identifies those traits that maximize this correlation, together with an appropriate permutational test for significance. Using metacommunity data generated by a stochastic, individual-based, spatially explicit model, we assessed the type I error and the power of our method across different simulation scenarios, varying environmental filtering parameters, number of traits and trait correlation structures. We then applied the method to real-world community and trait data of dry calcareous grassland communities across Germany to identify, out of 49 traits, the combination of traits that maximizes r(XY).ResultsThe method correctly identified the relevant traits involved in the community assembly mechanisms specified in simulations. It had high power and accurate type I error and was robust against confounding aspects related to interactions between environmental factors, strength of limiting factors, and correlation among traits. In the grassland dataset, the method identified five traits that best explained community assembly. These traits reflected the size and the leaf economics spectrum, which are related to succession and resource supply, factors that may not be always measured in real-world situations.ConclusionsOur method successfully identified the relevant traits mediating community assembly driven by environmental factors which may be hidden for not being measured or accessible at the spatial or temporal scale of the study.
Distinct place cell dynamics in CA1 and CA3 encode experience in new environments
Authors: Dong Can , Madar Antoine D. , Sheffield Mark E. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen exploring new environments animals form spatial memories that are updated with experience and retrieved upon re-exposure to the same environment. The hippocampus is thought to support these memory processes, but how this is achieved by different subnetworks such as CA1 and CA3 remains unclear. To understand how hippocampal spatial representations emerge and evolve during familiarization, we performed 2-photon calcium imaging in mice running in new virtual environments and compared the trial-to-trial dynamics of place cells in CA1 and CA3 over days. We find that place fields in CA1 emerge rapidly but tend to shift backwards from trial-to-trial and remap upon re-exposure to the environment a day later. In contrast, place fields in CA3 emerge gradually but show more stable trial-to-trial and day-to-day dynamics. These results reflect different roles in CA1 and CA3 in spatial memory processing during familiarization to new environments and constrain the potential mechanisms that support them.
Self-assembly of progenitor cells under the aegis of platelet factors facilitates human skin organoid formation and vascularized wound healing
Authors: Peking Patricia , Krisch Linda , Wolf Martin , Hoog Anna , Vári Balázs , Muigg Katharina , Poupardin Rodolphe , Scharler Cornelia , Russe Elisabeth , Stachelscheid Harald , Schneeberger Achim , Schallmoser Katharina , Strunk Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStem/progenitor cells can self-organize into organoids modelling tissue function and regeneration. Here we demonstrate that human platelet-derived factors can orchestrate 3D self-assembly of clonally expanded adult skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitors forming skin organoids within three days. Organoids showed distinct signaling patterns in response to inflammatory stimuli that clearly differed from separated cell types. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived skin cell progenitors also self-assembled into stratified human skin within two weeks, healing deep wounds of immune-deficient mice. Co-transplantation of endothelial progenitors significantly accelerated vascularization. Mechanistically, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles mediated the platelet-derived trophic effects. Long-term fitness of epidermal cells was accelerated further by keratinocyte growth factor mRNA transfection. No tumorigenesis was observed upon xenografting. This permits novel rapid 3D skin-related pharmaceutical testing opportunities and facilitates development of iPSC-based skin regeneration strategies.
Unsanctioned user-generated content: student perceptions of academic brand parody
Authors: Larson Lindsay R.L. , Salvador Jordan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWhile universities and colleges engage in marketing their brands through official communications, there also exists the unique case of social media accounts created by and for university students, which have the sole purpose of disseminating humorous parody content about the university. These accounts and their content are neither managed nor sanctioned by the university. While user-generated satire has been studied in the areas of politics and popular culture, it has not often been considered within the realm of universities and their student stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachA total of 200 undergraduates at a large public university in the southeastern United States were surveyed regarding their engagement with and thoughts about parody accounts associated with their school.FindingsAll students surveyed were aware of these parody accounts associated with their university; however, results suggest that enjoyment of and engagement with these accounts varies. Those students engaged with university parody accounts experience heightened identification with, but reduced concern over this satirical (and often unprofessional) community, which could be harmful to their university's image.Practical implicationsAlthough educational institutions aim to convey an outward-facing message of academic excellence and professionalism, their student population may create, engage with and disseminate alternative messaging that must be considered.Originality/valueWhile this unique form of online brand engagement is potentially harmful to the university image due to its humorous nature, it also can be seen as a form of brand community, lending to feelings of group identification for students. Brand parody within social media remains a largely ignored topic within higher education marketing.
A triadic longitudinal assessment of multiple supply chain participants’ performance and the extended enterprise concept
Authors: Ellinger Alexander E. , Adams Frank G. , Franke George R. , Herrin Gregory D. , deCoster Tyler E. , Filips Karli E. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeSupply chain management (SCM) proficiency is generally associated with superior business performance. Yet, SCM research continues to focus predominantly on the performance of individual firms, rather than on the collective performance of multiple supply chain participants as espoused by the extended enterprise (EE) concept. In response to calls for quantitative studies that examine the collective performance of multiple supply chain participants, this research study compares the combined performance of triads comprising focal firms recognized for their relative SCM proficiency and their upstream (supplier) and downstream (customer) supply chain partners with that of their close industry competitors' triads.Design/methodology/approachThe triadic, longitudinal examination of multiple supply chain participants' collective performance utilized archival financial data of the period 2007–2017 from the Compustat database and the supply chain (SPLC) function of Bloomberg.FindingsFindings of this study indicated that supply chain triads that included focal firms recognized for their relative SCM proficiency experienced significantly lower sales and general administrative expenses and significantly higher productivity, return on assets and profitability over time than their close industry competitors' triads. However, contrary to expectations, the performance advantages identified did not extend to revenue growth.Research limitations/implicationsSupply chain triads cannot fully represent entire supply chains or EEs. However, this study’s triadic analysis can be viewed as a practically achievable proxy for further validating the EE concept. Moreover, based on assertions that triadic studies are suitable for SCM research and on empirical studies that consistently show individual firms recognized for their relative SCM proficiency outperform competitors, the authors contend that the study’s findings appropriately corroborate the value of the EE concept.Practical implicationsBecause such empirical evidence is so rare, the consistent, collective performance advantages identified in this study should be highly significant to managers.Originality/valueRobust, longitudinal evidence that supply chain triads which include focal firms recognized for relative SCM proficiency collectively outperform their close industry competitors' triads extends generally accepted associations between SCM proficiency and business performance, suggesting that the application of extended resource-based view (ERBV) in supply chain contexts warrants further examination and further substantiates the efficacy of the EE concept.
Does video games’ popularity affect unemployment rate? Evidence from macro-level analysis
Authors: Parshakov Petr , Paklina Sofiia , Coates Dennis , Chadov Aleksei 
Published: September 2020

PurposeVideo games are considered as a leisure activity that makes being unemployed more attractive than before. In this study, the authors use eSports prizes as a proxy for the popularity of video games to analyze its influence on total and youth unemployment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a theoretical model and empirically test it using the total prize money won by representatives of a country in a given season in eSports tournaments, via a panel regression model with the country-year as a unit of observation. The data set includes information about 191 countries between 2000 and 2015.FindingsThe authors’ results of regression analysis show a positive influence of the popularity of video games on the unemployment rate. In addition, the authors analyze this effect for countries with different levels of income and labor productivity. The authors found a significant inverse relationship between income level and the effect of the popularity of video games on total and youth unemployment.Originality/valueWhile previous studies rely mostly on self-reported data, the authors suggest a new approach to measure video game popularity. This paper contributes to existing knowledge with empirical evidence on how leisure activities affect unemployment at the country level.
Do ownership structures affect risk disclosure in Islamic banks? International evidence
Authors: Grassa Rihab , Moumen Nejia , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Previous works assessing the determinants of banks’ risk disclosure in emerging economies focused on one aspect of risk reporting such as market risk disclosure or operational risk disclosure. While banks’ transparency about other major risk types (e.g. capital adequacy, liquidity risk…) is important for both market discipline and for their financial stability, no previous research has tried to discuss their determinants for Islamic banks. This paper aims to fill the gap by assessing the effects of deposits structure and ownership concentration on risk disclosure for Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors based on a sample of 71 Islamic banks operating in 12 emerging economies and observed over the period 2009–2014. The authors used a risk disclosure index covering nine dimensions, and the authors used both generalized least squares (GLS) regression and generalized method of moments (GMMs) as econometric tools.

Findings
The findings suggests that the level of risk disclosure is lower for Islamic banks with higher ownership concentration, leveraged bank, listed banks and Islamic banks. However, risk disclosure is higher for Islamic banks with higher concentration of profit sharing investment account (PSIA) and higher foreign ownership, large Islamic banks, aged banks, Islamic banks operating in country with higher country transparency index, positively correlated to gross domestic products and Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) adoption. By disaggregating total risk disclosure into the nine sub-categories, the authors are able to specify, also, the components of risk disclosure impacted by various determinants.

Research limitations/implications
This paper’s findings are subject, also, to a number of limitations. First, there was manual scoring of annual reports (subjectivity). Second, while some items might have higher information content or be more useful than others for users of Islamic banks’ annual reports, no weighting is assigned to items. Third, the research focuses exclusively on the 12 countries and excludes the other Middle East, Southeast Asia and Far East countries where ownership structure and deposits structure might affect risk disclosure differently.

Originality/value
The findings suggest many policy implications. First, regulators have to improve corporate governance mechanisms in Islamic banking system through the optimization of ownership structure (dispersed ownership) to promote transparency and disclosure. Second, regulators and policymakers should revise guidelines in the main purpose to protect PSIAs holders (considered as minor shareholders without voting power) through promoting disclosure and transparency. Third, the findings can be useful for many international supervisory bodies such as the IFSB and AAOIFI to evaluate transparency and disclosure standards.
Harvesting reflective knowledge exchange for inbound open innovation in complex collaborative networks: an empirical verification in Europe
Authors: Papa Armando , Chierici Roberto , Ballestra Luca Vincenzo , Meissner Dirk , Orhan Mehmet A. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of open innovation (OI) and big data analytics (BDA) on reflective knowledge exchange (RKE) within the context of complex collaborative networks. Specifically, it considers the relationships between sourcing knowledge from an external environment, transferring knowledge to an external environment and adopting solutions that are useful to appropriate returns from innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the connection between the number of patent applications and the amount of OI, as well as the association between the number of patent applications and the use of BDA. Data from firms in the 27 European Union countries were retrieved from the Eurostat database for the period 2014–2019 and were investigated using an ordinary least squares regression analysis.FindingsBecause of its twofold lens based on both knowledge management and OI, this study sheds light on OI collaboration modes and highlights the crucial role they could play in innovation. In particular, the results suggest that OI collaboration modes have a strong effect on innovation performance, stimulating the search for RKE.Originality/valueThis study furthers a deeper understanding of RKE, which is shown to be an important mechanism that incentivizes firms to increase their efforts in the innovation process. Further, RKE supports firms in taking full advantage of the innovative knowledge they generate within their inter-organizational network.
Does origin matter? The impact of the institutional environment of the origin country on the internationalization of franchise chains
Authors: Lanfranchi Andrea Giovani , Strehlau Suzane , Borini Felipe Mendes , Melo Pedro Lucas de Resende 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to identify the impacts of the country of origin of a franchise chain on its commitment in the destination countries, verifying the institutional particularities between the chains from emerging and developed countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is descriptive and quantitative and involved 724 franchise chains from 10 countries of origin (Brazil, Russia, India, South Africa, Argentina, USA, Germany, Australia, Spain and Portugal), spread over 174 destination countries, totaling 3,513 cases.

Findings
The results indicate that institutional preferences do not vary according to the country of origin of the franchise chain but rather vary according to the destination country.

Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to institutional theory by identifying a set of characteristics that explains the selection of international markets and the commitment of franchise chains.

Practical implications
The results obtained in the study can help managers of franchise chains to make decisions related to the selection of destination countries for international expansion based on the institutional characteristics of the markets and their compatibility with the objectives of the franchise chains.

Originality/value
Companies in emerging countries internationalize according to different management logics from those of companies from developed countries. Thus, it is possible that the process of selecting countries for internationalization is also based on different criteria that reflect different institutional preferences. The thesis defended in the paper is that market potential is more important to franchisees from emerging markets, whereas contract enforcement is more important to franchisees from developed markets.
Entrepreneurs’ planning behavior and new firm performance
Authors: Contin-Pilart Ignacio , Larraza-Kintana Martin , Martin-Sanchez Victor 
Published: September 2020

PurposeDrawing on institutional logics theory, this paper aims to examine the determinants of entrepreneurs’ planning behavior in the first years of 212 Spanish new firms. Additionally, this study identifies four different planning profiles: systematic planner, early planner, late planner and non-planner.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s data structure is a (yearly) pooled cross-sectional time series. This paper investigates the determinants of planning behaviors among entrepreneurs, as well as the impact of that activity on new firm performance (i.e. employment growth).FindingsThe results confirm the relevance of institutional forces in explaining the involvement of founders of new firms upon planning activities. Institutional factors, in the form of public external support seem to explain early- and systematic-planner behavior while the influence of entrepreneurial family background does so with late-planner behavior.Originality/valueThe authors focus their attention on two key moments of a new venture’ life: the first year of operation and once the firm has overcome the four-year hurdle that is often used to distinguish new from established businesses. Four different patterns emerge: systematic planner (those who consistently plan over time), early planner (those who engage in planning activities in the early moments of the firm’s life but not later), late planner (those who do not plan at the beginning but end up conducting planning activities a few years later) and non-planner (those who never get involved in planning activities). This new division is an interesting additional feature of this study.
Edge effect of streets in old residential areas in Chengdu, China
Authors: Zhong Lingyan , Tan Ming 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Taking the streets of an old residential area in Chengdu, China, as an example, this study aims to analyse street as a transitional space that combines adjacent heterogeneous spaces.

Design/methodology/approach
The study framework of this paper consists of two parts. The first part focusses on the methods of landscape pattern analysis. The street spatial attributes are analysed, including the geometric and data characteristics of the city space. The second part involves a study of the stated preferences. The social attributes of space and the preferences of respondents regarding landscape properties are studied.

Findings
The study reports that the streets in the old residential area have characteristics of a fringe zone. The mechanisms of their edge effect improve the comprehensive quality of the urban space, stimulate a value-added effect and promote the overall development of the district economy.

Originality/value
The use of the spatial synergy of the edge effect can help us identify problems more accurately, enable streets to become suitable as public spaces, safeguard the rights of local residents to develop and eliminate the factors of instability.