bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creep behavior of polymeric adhesive joints exposed to different environmental conditions
Authors: Ashofteh Roya Sadat , Khoramishad Hadi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article intends to examine the creep response of single‐lap adhesive joints (SLAJs) exposed to different environmental and temperature conditions. Therefore, SLAJs were fabricated and then immersed in seawater and deionized water at 40°C for 24 hours before conducting creep tests. The experimental results showed that seawater had lower detrimental effect on the creep and elastic responses of SLAJs than deionized water. The shear creep and elastic strain values of SLAJs immersed in deionized water increased averagely by 19.8% and 43%, respectively, whereas those strains for SLAJs immersed in seawater increased averagely by 2.1% and 28.8%, respectively, compared to SLAJs maintained in dry condition. This was because of the higher moisture ingress of adhesives aged in deionized water than in seawater due to the osmosis phenomenon. Moreover, the results showed 23% and 14% increase in shear creep and elastic strains, respectively, by increasing the water temperature from 30°C to 50°C. Furthermore, the time‐dependent responses of SLAJs immersed in different environments with different ageing temperatures were simulated by Burgers rheological model.
The effectiveness of a mobile high‐frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) device for airway clearance
Authors: Leemans Glenn , Belmans Dennis , Van Holsbeke Cedric , Becker Brian , Vissers Dirk , Ides Kris , Verhulst Stijn , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) is a commonly prescribed airway clearance technique (ACT) for patients whose ability to expectorate sputum is compromised. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed mobile ACT device (mHFCWO—The Monarch Airway Clearance System) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A standard nonmobile HFCWO device (sHFCWO) was used as a comparator.MethodologyThis was a randomized, open‐label, crossover pilot study. CF patients were treated with each device. Sputum was collected during and after each therapy session, while spirometry tests, Brody score assessment and functional respiratory imaging were performed before and after treatments.ResultsWet weight of sputum collected during and after treatment was similar for mHFCWO and sHFCWO (6.53 ± 8.55 vs 5.80 ± 5.82; P = .777). Interestingly, the mHFCWO treatment led to a significant decrease in specific airway volume (9.55 ± 9.96 vs 8.74 ± 9.70 mL/L; P < .001), while increasing specific airway resistance (0.10 ± 0.16 vs 0.16 ± 0.23 KPA*S; P < .001). These changes were heterogeneously‐distributed throughout the lung tissue and were greater in the distal areas, suggesting a shift of mucus. Changes were accompanied by an overall improvement in the Brody index (57.71 ± 16.55 vs 55.20 ± 16.98; P = .001).ConclusionThe newly developed mobile device provides airway clearance for CF patients comparable to a nonmobile sHFCWO device, yielding a change in airway geometry and patency by the shift of mucus from the more peripheral regions to the central airways.
A New Procedure for Stability Control of Homogeneous Solid Propellants by Combination of Vacuum Stability Test, FTIR and PCA
Authors: Chelouche Salim , Trache Djalal , Benayachi Zakaria Ibrahim , Tarchoun Ahmed Fouzi , Khimeche Kamel , Mezroua Abderrahmane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStability control and evaluation for Homogeneous Solid Propellant (HSP) are of paramount importance for securing ammunition storage warehouses and weapon systems. In the current work, a new procedure for the stability control of HSP was established by combining spectral, thermal, and chemometric tools. Analyses were performed on three similar HSPs naturally aged up to 31 years and subjected to artificial aging (during 12 months at 338.65 K with sampling every 2 months). FTIR analysis showed a decrease in the intensities of the characteristic bands with natural/artificial aging progress. Vacuum Stability Test (VST) experiments carried out at five isothermal temperatures (333.15 K, 343.15 K, 353.15 K, 363.15 K, and 373.15 K) highlighted three degradation stages during HSP aging. Two kinetic approaches, viz, model‐fitting and model‐free have been applied to VST data in order to evaluate the kinetic parameters. The activation energy for the HSP degradation reaction was found to decrease with natural/artificial aging progress. Furthermore, the application of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to FTIR spectra allows classifying efficiently the samples according to their stability properties. Moreover, the loading plots pointed out the most influenced bands by aging processes. A model, which connected the mean intensity of these bands to the activation energy of the sample, was established. Furthermore, the limit of propellant stability was estimated based on the prediction of the storage lifetimes. The relative error on the activation energy associated with the obtained model was found to be less than 2 % during natural aging up to 20 years and 6 % during artificial aging up to 12 months.
Bayesian accrual modeling and prediction in multicenter clinical trials with varying center activation times
Authors: Liu Junhao , Wick Jo , Jiang Yu , Mayo Matthew , Gajewski Byron 
Published: April 2020

SummaryInvestigators who manage multicenter clinical trials need to pay careful attention to patterns of subject accrual, and the prediction of activation time for pending centers is potentially crucial for subject accrual prediction. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to predict subject accrual for multicenter clinical trials in which center activation times vary. We define center activation time as the time at which a center can begin enrolling patients in the trial. The difference in activation times between centers is assumed to follow an exponential distribution, and the model of subject accrual integrates prior information for the study with actual enrollment progress. We apply our proposed Bayesian multicenter accrual model to two multicenter clinical studies. The first is the PAIN‐CONTRoLS study, a multicenter clinical trial with a goal of activating 40 centers and enrolling 400 patients within 104 weeks. The second is the HOBIT trial, a multicenter clinical trial with a goal of activating 14 centers and enrolling 200 subjects within 36 months. In summary, the Bayesian multicenter accrual model provides a prediction of subject accrual while accounting for both center‐ and individual patient‐level variation.
Of Research Reviews and Practice Guides: Translating Rapidly Growing Research on Adolescent Literacy Into Updated Practice Recommendations
Authors: Reynolds Dan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe demand for evidence‐based instructional practices has driven a large supply of research on adolescent literacy. Documenting this supply, Baye, Inns, Lake, and Slavin’s 2019 article in Reading Research Quarterly synthesized far more studies, with far more rigorous methodology, than had ever been collected before. What does this mean for practice? Inspired by this article, I investigated how this synthesis compared with the 2008 U.S. Institute of Education Sciences practice guide for adolescent literacy. I also include two contemporary documents for context: Herrera, Truckenmiller, and Foorman’s (2016) review and the U.K. Education Endowment Foundation’s 2019 practice guide for secondary schools. I first examine how these documents define adolescent, reading, and evidence, and propose more inclusive definitions. I then compare their respective evidence bases, finding that the quality and quantity of evidence have dramatically changed. Only one of the 34 studies in the 2008 U.S. practice guide met Baye et al.’s inclusion criteria in 2019, and the average sample size in Baye et al.’s studies was 22 times as large as those in the 2008 U.S. practice guide. I also examine the potential implications for a new practice guide’s instructional recommendations and comment on the expansion of research in technology, disciplinary literacy, and writing—topics scarcely covered in the 2008 U.S. practice guide but which have been extensively researched since then. Finally, I call for revision of the U.S. practice guide and the establishment of standing committees on adolescent literacy to help educators translate the latest research findings into updated practices.
Short‐term effects of bioenergy cropping on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Florida Ultisol
Authors: Silveira M. L. , Brandani C. B. , Kohmann M. M. , Erickson J. E. , Reyes‐Cabrera J. , Leon R. G. , Sollenberger L. E. , Piotto V. , Quadros D. G. , Mello S. Q. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough perennial bioenergy crops provide a potential for soil C sequestration, high fertilizer inputs are required to sustain yields. Land application of bioenergy byproducts can be an effective strategy to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer. This study examined the impacts of elephantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.] bioenergy cropping and conventional pasture on soil C and N responses. Treatments included (a) bahiagrass + 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (BHG), (b) elephantgrass + 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (E50), (c) elephantgrass + 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1 + fermentation residual (E50FR), (d) elephantgrass + 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1 + biochar (E50BC), and (e) elephantgrass + 250 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (E250). Soil C and N responses occurred mainly at the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth. Biochar resulted in the largest increase in soil C stocks at the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth (5.8 Mg C ha−1 in 2012 vs. 40 Mg C ha−1 in 2016), but no differences were observed among the other treatments. Conversely, greater soil N stocks at the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth were associated with the BHG (0.8 and 0.34 Mg N ha−1 for other treatments). Biochar favored N and C accumulation in the mineral‐associated (<53 μm) fraction, possibly from the accumulation of fine biochar fragments. In contrast, fermentation residual promoted C accumulation in unprotected light fraction. These results are supported by the δ13C signature and C/N ratios of the fractions. Results underscore the value of recycling biochar in bioenergy cropping systems as a means of improving C in coarse‐textured soils.
Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of Monolayer W1−xRexS2 Alloy with Improved Photoresponse Performance
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Zhao Xiaoxu , Yang Yuekun , Qiao Lei , Lv Lu , Chen Zhang , Di Zengfeng , Ren Wei , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zhou Jiadong , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTuning bandgap and phases in the ternary 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) alloys has opened up unexpected opportunities to engineer optoelectronic properties and explore potential applications. In this work, a salt‐assisted chemical deposition vapor (CVD) growth strategy is reported for the creation of high‐quality monolayer W1−xRexS2 alloys to fulfill a readily phase control from 1H to DT by changing the ratio of Re and W precursors. The structures and chemical compositions of doping alloys are confirmed by combining atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy‐annular dark field imaging with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, matching well with the calculated results. The field‐effect transistors (FETs) devices fabricated based on 1H‐W0.9Re0.1S2 monolayer exhibit a n‐type semiconducting behavior with the mobility of 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. More importantly, the FETs show high‐performance responsivity with a value of 17 µA W−1 in air, which is superior to that of monolayer CVD‐grown WS2. This work paves the way toward synthesizing monolayer ternary alloys with controlled phases for potential optoelectronic applications.
CaMKII inhibitor 1 (CaMK2N1) mRNA is upregulated following LTP induction in hippocampal slices
Authors: Astudillo Daniela , Karmelic Daniel , Casas Barbara S. , Otmakhov Nikolai , Palma Veronica , Sanhueza Magdalena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCaMK2N1 and CaMK2N2 (also known as CaMKIINα and β) are endogenous inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII), an enzyme critical for memory and long‐term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning. CaMK2N1/2 mRNAs are rapidly and differentially upregulated in the hippocampus and amygdala after acquisition or retrieval of fear memory. Moreover, CaMK2N2 protein levels increase after contextual fear conditioning. Therefore, it was proposed that CaMK2N1/2 genes (Camk2n1/2) could be immediate‐early genes transcribed promptly (30–60 min) after training. As a first approach to explore a role in synaptic plasticity, we assessed a possible regulation of Camk2n1/2 during the expression phase of LTP in hippocampal CA3–CA1 connections in rat brain slices. Quantitative PCR revealed that Camk2n1, but not Camk2n2, is upregulated 60 min after LTP induction by Schaffer collaterals high‐frequency stimulation. We observed a graded, significant positive correlation between the magnitude of LTP and Camk2n1 change in individual slices, suggesting a coordinated regulation of these properties. If mRNA increment actually resulted in the protein upregulation in plasticity‐relevant subcellular locations, CaMK2N1 may be involved in CaMKII fine‐tuning during LTP maintenance or in the regulation of subsequent plasticity events (metaplasticity).
Using Herbal dyes as an alternative staining method for sperm evaluation
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammadreza , Parham Abbas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStaining, as a valuable method for sperm morphological assessment, has been used to determine sperm abnormalities, fertilization capability and sperm suitability during freezing‐thawing process. Synthetic dyes have been used for sperm viability and morphological evaluation. However, most of them have been made from chemical substances and have a perilous effect on the environment. In the current study, we evaluated three different natural dyes as the natural sources of dye for sperm staining. Bull frozen semen was used and prepared on slides for staining. Aqueous extract dye of black mulberry (BM), henna (HA), safflower (SA) and eosin‐nigrosine (control group) were used for sperm staining. Additionally, the effect of staining dyes on viability and some morphological parameters (head area: HR, head abnormality: HB and tail abnormality: TA) were evaluated. Although none of the natural dyes could detect viability of the sperm cells, safflower stain (HR: 26.55 µm, HB: 0% TA: 28%) and black mulberry stain (HR: 25.07 µm, HB: 2% TA: 3%) compared to control group (HR: 34.29 µm, HB: 4%, TA: 4%) provoked a strong reaction in the sperm cells, so that the sperms were observed yellow and red respectively. The reaction of sperm cells to the henna dye was very poor and it did not stain the sperm cells. Thus, the present study demonstrated that SA and BM dyes are able to stain the spermatozoa and with further modification could be used as alternative dyes for sperm staining in the study of sperm morphology, but not viability. Staining with these dyes can be an alternative to current costly chemical staining methods.
Effects of Leucosporidium‐derived ice‐binding protein (LeIBP) on bull semen cryopreservation
Authors: Jang Hoon , Kwon Hyo J. , Sun Wu S. , Hwang Seongsoo , Hwang In S. , Kim Sungwoo , Lee Jun H. , Lee Sung G. , Lee Jeong W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examined the effect of ice‐binding protein derived from Leucosporidium (LeIBP) on the cryopreservation of bull semen and compared it with that derived from previously reported Antifreeze Protein III (AFPIII). Six concentrations of LeIBP (10–1 ~ 104 μg/ml) and AFPIII (10–1 ~ 104 μg/ml) were added to the bull semen extender, respectively. Sperm kinematic parameters were measured to examine sperm toxicity and cryopreserved sperm quality. Measures of antioxidant activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione/oxidative glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analysed to identify the effect of LeIBP on sperm quality. In addition, sperm viability was analysed using a flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope by SYBR14/PI staining. The results showed that the LeIBP groups (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/ml) were less toxic, and the quality of the sperm were dramatically improved in the extenders containing 0.1 μg/ml LeIBP among concentrations of LeIBP and AFPIII. The SOD activity of LeIBP was greater than that of AFPIII and control. In addition, sperm viability was enhanced in the LeIBP‐treated group. In summary, LeIBP is a useful cryoprotective adjuvant for bull sperm cryopreservation, and the most efficient concentration of LeIBP is 0.1 μg/ml.
Full‐scale N removal from centrate using a sidestream process with a mainstream carbon source
Authors: Lacroix Angel , Mentzer Casey , Pagilla Krishna R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn innovative approach to treat centrate for rapid nitrogen load discharge reduction was investigated and applied at the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF) in Reno, NV. This process allowed TMWRF to circumvent an anticipated exceedance of the individual waste load allocation in 2018. Existing infrastructure and equipment were re‐purposed in a full‐scale suspended growth biological centrate treatment system, attaining simultaneous nitrification, and denitrification with no additional capital investment. Functioning within a few days of start‐up, the average ammonia reduction was 81% (1,106 kg/day) and the average total nitrogen reduction in the sidestream was 53% (757 kg/day) using primary effluent as carbon source. Alkalinity and carbon limitations were both anticipated and observed; however, adaptive operations allowed for balancing of nitrification and denitrification processes, providing pH stability and success in meeting treatment goals. Immediately after the sidestream treatment system was placed into service, nitrogen in the mainstream facility was measured at concentrations significantly lower than typical and was sustained at historically low concentrations throughout the operation. This translated into a significant methanol cost savings of $1,500 per day (USD). The system has become a critical supplemental treatment process during upcoming rehabilitation projects to address aging infrastructure of existing nitrogen treatment facilities.Practitioner points

Full scale demonstration of sidestream N removal using a hybrid process.

Integration of the sidestream N process to reduce N effluent load without alkalinity or supplementary carbon augmentation.

Operational solution to reduce operating costs without new infrastructure.
Adsorptive removal of enrofloxacin with magnetic functionalized graphene oxide@ metal–organic frameworks employing D‐optimal mixture design
Authors: Gordi Zinat , Ghorbani Mahdi , Ahmadian Khakhiyani Maryam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel sorbent based on a mixture of magnetic functionalized graphene oxide and MOFs was developed to remove enrofloxacin (EFX) from water samples. The prepared sorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope images, and X‐ray powder diffraction pattern. The sorbent compositions were optimized by the mixture experimental design. Under the optimal condition, the percentages of each sorbent component, including triethylene tetramine‐functionalized graphene oxide (FGO), Fe3O4, and MOF‐5, were 40%, 21%, and 39%, respectively. Besides, the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models can describe the EFX adsorption procedure because of two adsorption mechanisms of EFX on FGO and MOF‐5. A positive standard enthalpy of 49.80 kJ/mol indicated the EFX adsorption is endothermic with a chemisorption process. The negative values of ΔGo obtained in the range of −8.979 to −3.431 kJ/mol at all studied temperatures showed that the adsorption process was also spontaneous. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were analyzed with the partition coefficient to reduce bias in the isotherm model evaluation. The maximum adsorption capacity of 344.83 mg/g and a high partition coefficient of 17.42 g/L in an initial EFX concentration of 10 mg/L were obtained for the EFX removal.Practitioner points

Magnetic functionalized graphene oxide @MOF‐5 as a sorbent for the enrofloxacin removal is synthesized.

The percentage amount of each component of the sorbent is optimized using the D‐optimal mixture design.

Adsorption mechanisms of enrofloxacin on magnetic functionalized graphene oxide @MOF‐5 are discussed.

Thermodynamic parameters for the enrofloxacin adsorption with the sorbents are determined.

Isotherm model for the enrofloxacin removal with the sorbent is investigated.
Understanding Sportsperson Retention and Reactivation Through License Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Hinrichs Matthew P. , Price Nathaniel B. , Gruntorad Matthew P. , Pope Kevin L. , Fontaine Joseph J. , Chizinski Christopher J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMost state and provincial fish and wildlife agencies have access to important information about patterns in sportsperson participation through their license databases. Using transaction data from Nebraska Game and Parks Commission's electronic hunting and fishing license system, we tracked license purchases of Nebraska, USA, resident license holders in 2010 through 2017. We categorized sportspersons by gender and yearly purchases as hunting only (Hunter), fishing only (Angler), a combination of hunting and fishing (Hunter–Angler), or no purchases (Inactive). The probability of movement among active sportsperson groups was limited and varied little based on initial group participation. The Angler group had the greatest probability of an individual transitioning to the Inactive group (females = 0.39; males = 0.33). The Hunter–Angler group had the greatest probability of an individual remaining within the same group (females = 0.65; males = 0.76). There was a relatively low probability of an individual in the Hunter group moving to the Angler group and vice versa (≤0.02). The sportsperson population is dynamic and understanding patterns of sportsperson participation is important for the future of fish and wildlife management in North America. Using data readily available to most fish and wildlife agencies has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of hunter and angler participation and aid management agencies and conservation organizations in the development of more effective strategies for managing sportspersons. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Analytic Philosophy for Biomedical Research: The Imperative of Applying Yesterday’s Timeless Messages to Today’s Impasses
Authors: Ehsani Sepehr 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mantra that “the best way to predict the future is to invent it” (attributed to the computer scientist Alan Kay) exemplifies some of the expectations from the technical and innovative sides of biomedical research at present. However, for technical advancements to make real impacts both on patient health and genuine scientific understanding, quite a number of lingering challenges facing the entire spectrum from protein biology all the way to randomized controlled trials should start to be overcome. The proposal in this chapter is that philosophy is essential in this process. By reviewing select examples from the history of science and philosophy, disciplines which were indistinguishable until the mid-nineteenth century, I argue that progress toward the many impasses in biomedicine can be achieved by emphasizing theoretical work (in the true sense of the word “theory”) as a vital foundation for experimental biology. Furthermore, a philosophical biology program that could provide a framework for theoretical investigations is outlined.