bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PrzydatnoŚĆ Diagnostyczna Reakcji Pcr W Rozpoznawaniu Boreliozy
Authors: Grąźlewska Weronika , Ferra Bartłomiej , Holec-Gąsior Lucyna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Lyme disease is a multisystem disease caused by bacteria belonging to the group Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The vector that carries the infection is a tick of the genus Ixodes, that infects subsequent hosts of the spirochete during blood-meal. The varied course of Lyme disease makes it impossible to recognize it on the basis of clinical symptoms. Therefore, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is based mainly on laboratory methods, both direct (detection of the presence of DNA or infectious agent proteins in the biological material collected from the patient) and indirect (mainly serological tests). A commonly recommended approach is serodiagnosis, however, due to the time required for the body to produce specific antibodies, it is not useful in the earliest period of infection. Microbiological diagnostics also can not be used to diagnose Lyme disease in the first weeks of the disease due to its low sensitivity and long waiting time for the result. The solution seems to be molecular diagnostics based on the detection of the spirochete DNA using PCR reaction that is highly specific and sensitive. However, the effectiveness of this approach depends on many factors, therefore it is necessary to develop a standardized protocol ensuring reproducibility of results in all laboratories.
1. Introduction. 2. Genome of B. burgdorferi s.l. 3. Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. 4. Types of PCR reactions used in the diagnosis of Lyme disease. 5. Target genes used to DNA detection of B. burgdorferi s.l. 6. Identification of B. burgdorferi s.l. genotypes. 7. Clinical material. 8. The factors affecting the efficiency of PCR. 9. Recommendations for the use of PCR diagnostics. 10. Summary
On the transient flow behavior in pressurized plastic pipe-based water supply systems
Authors: Essaidi Badreddine , Triki Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Plastic material pipes such as high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE) are increasingly used in new or renewed water supply systems. Therefore, analysis of water hammer surge-waves initiated into such piping systems deserves investigation. The 1-D pressurized-pipe flow model embedding the Ramos formulation was used to describe the flow behavior in the elastic and plastic pipe-based hydraulic system. Numerical computations were performed using the method of characteristics. First, the numerical solver was validated against experimental data, available from the literature. Then, the proposed solver was applied to explore the transient pressure-wave behavior resulting from the power failure to a pumping station. Results evidenced the severity of such a scenario with regards to induced positive and negative pressure-wave magnitudes. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that plastic pipe-wall materials allowed a significant attenuation of pressure-wave magnitude in conjunction with the expansion of the pressure-wave oscillation period. It was also found that the observed attenuation and expansion effects depended strongly upon the plastic material type. In this respect, the results revealed that LDPE provided a better trade-off between the two last effects than HDPE.
Adsorption of reactive blue 49 onto cross-linked chitosan-based composites containing waste mussel shell and waste active sludge char
Authors: Akin Sahbaz Deniz , Dandil Sahra , Acikgoz Caglayan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cross-linked chitosan/waste mussel shell (C/WMS) and chitosan/waste mussel shell/waste active sludge char (C/WMS/WASC) composites were prepared from waste mussel shell, waste active sludge (WAS), and chitosan, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The quantities of chitosan, WMS, and WASC used for the C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites were 1:1 and 1:0.5:0.5, respectively. The two adsorbents were characterized for their quality by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analyzer. The effects of contact time (0–1,620 mins), pH (1–5), adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.1 g/50 ml), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–45 °C) on Reactive Blue 49 (RB49) adsorption onto C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites were investigated. The maximum RB49 adsorption capacity of C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites was 54.7 and 38.8 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm models. The Freundlich isotherm was a good fit for the experimental data of RB49 adsorption on C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites, and the adsorption kinetics for both adsorbents were the pseudo-second-order rate equation. All results showed the preparative adsorbents can be used as effective adsorbents for the treatment of waste water contaminated with RB49 since they are low cost and eco-friendly for the environment.
Análise envoltória de dados para avaliação da eficiência financeira das cooperativas de eletrificação do sul do Brasil
Authors: Martins Scheffer Mariane , Monteiro Januário José , Mendonça Cardoso João Vanio , De Oliveira Ritta Cleyton 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a eficiência financeira das cooperativas de eletrificação localizadas na região sul do Brasil, no período entre 2012 a 2016.
Metodologia: A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, de levantamento, documental com abordagem quantitativa por meio da modelagem matemática de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA).
Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que, em média, as cooperativas de eletrificação obtiveram nível de eficiência acima de 0,94 no período investigado. A técnica DEA apresentou a necessidade de redução dos seguintes insumos: despesas operacionais, ativo não circulante, consumo de energia elétrica, quantidade adquirida de energia elétrica, quantidade de colaboradores. Por outro lado, indicou a necessidade de aumento dos produtos faturamento e quantidade de consumidores. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que das 27 cooperativas pesquisadas, 13 (48%) delas apresentaram níveis de eficiência máxima (1,00). A partir desses resultados, pode-se inferir que são necessárias ações gerenciais para que se alcance a eficiência financeira nas cooperativas ineficientes, pois a sustentabilidade financeira é um dos pilares importantes para continuidade da prestação de serviço público de distribuição de energia, sustentabilidade organizacional e desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Os resultados mostram que a DEA é um instrumento gerencial importante para a avaliação de desempenho, pois evidencia o nível de eficiência das operações e aponta as ações gerenciais que são necessárias para melhorar o desempenho organizacional.
Contribuição: Como contribuição teórica, a pesquisa mostra a aplicabilidade da técnica de Análise Envoltória de Dados para análise da eficiência financeira de cooperativas, como instrumento de avaliação multicritério de desempenho organizacional. No âmbito prático, esta pesquisa propicia subsídio à gestão das cooperativas de eletrificação, ao recomendar que tenham maior atenção às ações gerenciais para que se alcance a eficiência financeira.
Directed Network Defects in Alzheimer's Disease Using Granger Causality and Graph Theory
Authors: Sun Man , Xie Hua , Tang Yan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Few works studied the directed whole-brain interaction between different
brain regions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the whole-brain effective connectivity
and studied the graph metrics associated with AD.

Method:
Large-scale Granger causality analysis was conducted to explore abnormal whole-brain
effective connectivity of patients with AD. Moreover, graph-theoretical metrics including smallworldness,
assortativity, and hierarchy, were computed from the effective connectivity network. Statistical
analysis identified the aberrant network properties of AD subjects when compared against
healthy controls.

Results:
Decreased small-worldness, and increased characteristic path length, disassortativity, and
hierarchy were found in AD subjects.

Conclusion:
This work sheds insight into the underlying neuropathological mechanism of the brain
network of AD individuals such as less efficient information transmission and reduced resilience to a
random or targeted attack.
Expression of Angiogenesis-related Genes in a Group of Iranian Cases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin , Sayad Soheila , Shahsavar Farhad , Nekouian Reza , Panahi Mahshid , Sayad Saed , Boroujeni Mandana Beigi , Akbari Soheila 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
This study aims to design an angiogenesis gene expression profile; to study angiogenesis gene
expression profile in breast cancer; and to map angiogenesis gene expression profile in individual participants.

Background:
In molecular etiology of each disease, there are some important molecules involved in the
related pathways. From the viewpoint of precision medicine, molecular etiology of a disease is different
person by person because of genetic variations of the genes involved in these pathways. This point of view
intends researchers of drug development to design novel drugs for targeted therapy based on the exact etiology.
In the case of angiogenesis, there is a drug profile parallel to the molecular profile. Bevacizumab,
sunitinib and aflibercept are examples of anti-angiogenic drugs.

Objectives:
A hallmark of solid tumors is sustained angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factors
(VEGF), VEGF receptors (VEGFR) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are involved in angiogenesis. We
aimed to study the gene expression profile of angiogenesis including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C,
VEGF-D, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and PlGF in an Iranian group of patients undergoing breast
surgery due to breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma.

Methods:
Tumor tissue samples of a group of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and a group
of patients with fibroadenoma (Fib) were used. Gene expression was studied by real-time quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and fold changes (FC) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were
reported based on calibration with normal breast tissue.

Results:
All the genes showed significant up-regulation in IDC group. The extensive up-regulation was
for VEGFR-2 (FC=52.68; 95% CI=17.96-154.47; P<0.001). In Fib group, PlGF showed a significant upregulation
(FC=10.41; 95% CI=5.35-20.26; P=0.002). Comparison of IDC group with Fib group showed
significant up-regulation of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in IDC group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Malignancy of breast tumors is associated with overexpression of all the genes of this profile.
However, only VEGFRs showed up-regulation in comparison to benign tumors. Individualized targeted
therapy, according to this profile, should be studied in the future.
Withdrawal Notice: EGMM Video Surveillance for Monitoring Urban Traffic Scenario
Authors: A. Reyana , Kautish Sandeep 
Published: January 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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A Review on Coronavirus Disease- A Future Challenge for Mankind (Focusing on Indian Situation)
Authors: Raut Ekta R , Raut Archana R 
Published: January 2021

:
Today, the entire world is facing a big medical calamity called COVID-19. It is caused
by a member of the β group of coronaviruses named SARS-CoV-2. This virus spreads from person
to person through droplets generated during coughing and sneezing from the human body. This outbreak
was initially observed in Wuhan, China, and now it has spread from country to country. As
per the data collected from Worldometer, about 210 countries and territories were affected by this
disease. Globally, as of 25th August 2020, there have been 23,518,343 confirmed cases of
COVID-19, including 810,492 deaths. The most affected countries include USA, Brazil, India, Russia
and South Africa, having more than 6, 00,000 infected people as of 25th August 2020. This outbreak
of coronavirus is increasing worldwide, and this situation not only prepares mankind for
fighting today's challenge but is also preparing for such type of future outbreaks. This paper highlights
the symptoms, preventive measures and future challenges of COVID-19 based on the data referred
from the World Health Organization (WHO).
Sighting of the rare Poey’s scabbardfish, <i>Evoxymetopon poeyi</i>, in the Polynesian triangle
Authors: Fabres Alejandra A. 
Published: January 2021

Rapa Nui only allows artisanal fishery activities, but these often go unaware. The market is centralized on Pacific chub, snoek and yellowfin tuna, all common pelagic fish. On September 2016, one un-identified specimen was caught off-shore as by-catch, and left on the main port at Hanga Piko. The objective of this study was to identify the specimen to a species level, using a morphological, meristic and molecular approach. All analyses suggest that the specimen belongs to a Poey’s scabbardfish, Evoxymetopon poeyi. Concluding that the rare Poey’s scabbardfish, has an oceanic distribution through seamounts as a mid-water migrator.
Penyelenggaraan Pembiayaan Non Kapitasi Untuk Penapisan Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Wahidin Mugi , Kurniawan Aan , Agita Sendy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Screening services for risk factors of non communicable diseases (NCD), namely, VIA, pap smear, cryotherapy, and blood glucose were included in the services of non-capitation from BPJS Kesehatan in the City of Bogor in West Java. This research aimed at knowing implementation of non-capitation, included realization, access, attitude, policy, resources, monitoring and evaluation. Research design was qualitative study, conducted from February until September 2018. Respondents were NCD programmers of Directorate of NCD at Ministry of Health and Bogor City, Non Capitation programmers at Central BPJS Kesehatan and City of Bogor, and 6 selected chiefs of PHCs. Data analysis was performed using descriptivequantitative and qualitative approaches. The result showed that implementation of non-capitation was quite good but it was not optimum. Access to all PHCs was easy. The average of non-capitation realization in 2015 – 2017 was 1.49 billion rupiahs per year, with a trend of 29% increase. There was realization for VIA and cryotherapy but not for pap smear and blood glucose. All respondents agreed to non-capitation scheme. Policies and guidelines for the non-capitation were available. Human resources and equipment were available. There was no specific monitoring and evaluation for non-capitation.
Keywords: Non Capitation, Screening, NCD, BPJS
Abstrak
Pelayanan penapisan faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular (PTM), yaitu pemeriksaan IVA, pap smear, krioterapi, dan pemeriksaan gula darah termasuk pelayanan dalam pembiayaan non kapitasi BPJS Kesehatan. Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat telah melaksanakan program penapisan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan pembiayaan non kapitasi untuk penapisan faktor risiko PTM, meliputi realisasi, akses, sikap, kebijakan, sumber daya, dan monev. Desain penelitian adalah studi kualitatif yang dilakukan di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat pada Februari – September 2018. Responden penelitan yaitu pengelola program PTM Kementerian Kesehatan dan Dinkes Kota Bogor, Pengelola pembiayaan Non Kapitasi BPJS Kesehatan Pusat dan BPJS Kesehatan Kota Bogor, dan 6 Kepala puskesmas terpilih. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyelenggaraan pembiayaan non kapitasi untuk penapisan faktor risiko PTM di Kota Bogor sudah berjalan tetapi belum optimal. Akses masyarakat terhadap seluruh Puskesmas mudah, realisasi pembayaran klaim non kapitasi 2015-2017 ratarata 1,49 milyar rupiah per tahun dengan peningkatan 29%. Sudah ada serapan untuk IVA dan krioterapi tetapi belum ada untuk pap smear dan gula darah. Seluruh responden setuju dengan skema non kapitasi untuk penapisan. Kebijakan dan prosedur non kapitasi sudah ada. Demikian pula sumber daya manusia dan peralatan cukup tersedia, namun evaluasi belum dilakukan khusus untuk non kapitasi.
Kata kunci: Non Kapitasi, penapisan, PTM, BPJS
Persepsi Beban Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas di Kabupaten Nagekeo Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2019
Authors: Mading Majematang , Willa Ruben Wadu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Human resources in the health sector are an important factor in quality and comprehensive health services that play a role in the implementation of the health system. The limited number of health personnel and their competency is a particular obstacle in the implementation of the health system. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the availability and perceptions of workload felt by health center staff in Nagekeo District. This type of research is a qualitative method applying interviews with informants who are program holders at seven health centers in 2019. The results showed that the types of personnel in the health centers include general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses, dental nurses, public health, nutrition workers, midwives, analysts and sanitarians.. Health personnel types in the health centers are still limited and there are 3 health centers that do not yet have dentists and pharmacist assistants, health workers are given basic tasks inside and outside the building and additional tasks as administrative staff. Health workers must perform simultaneously to complete technical and administrative tasks. The study conclude that the types of health personnel is still limited compared to their workload including core and additional tasks.
Keywords: Perception of workload, health workers, Nagekeo.
Abstrak
Sumber daya manusia dalam bidang kesehatan merupakan faktor penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu dan komprehensif yang berperan dalam implementasi sistem kesehatan. Jumlah tenaga kesehatan yang terbatas dan rendahnya kompetensi menjadi hambatan tersendiri dalam pelaksanaan sistem kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberi gambaran tentang ketersediaan dan persepsi beban kerja yang dirasakan oleh tenaga kesehatan puskesmas di Kabupaten Nagekeo Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif yang melakukan wawancara dengan informan petugas pemegang program di tujuh puskesmas tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis tenaga yang ada di puskesmas meliputi dokter umum, dokter gigi, apoteker, asisten apoteker, perawat, perawat gigi, kesehatan masyarakat, tenaga gizi, bidan, analis dan sanitarian. Tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas masih terbatas dan terdapat 3 puskesmas yang belum memiliki dokter gigi dan asisten apoteker. Tenaga kesehatan diberi tugas pokok di dalam dan di luar gedung dan tugas tambahan sebagai tenaga administrasi. Tenaga kesehatan harus bekerja ekstra dengan mengatur waktu kerja dengan sebaik-baiknya antara waktu melayani pasien dan menyelesaikan tugas administrasi lainnya. Kesimpulan jumlah tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas di Kabupaten Nagekeo masih sangat terbatas dengan beban kerja yang cukup berat antara tugas pokok dan tugas tambahan.
Kata kunci: Persepsi beban kerja, tenaga kesehatan, Nagekeo.
ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO’S POLITICAL SPEECH
Authors: Permana Tesa Jatnika , Mauriyat Arham 
Published: January 2021

Speech acts are utterances which do not only have explicit meaning but also implicit meaning. Political speech acts are such an important issue for politicians as they can provide information to regulate people's thoughts and opinions through political language which is used as the main key. This research examined speech acts’ implementation in political speech, including the types of speech acts by politicians in political speech as well as their functions, in order to give a theoretical analysis about every utterance in political speech through context of meaning. The data were analyzed qualitatively where the researchers describe the results in the form of words and explanations by adopting Searle’s theory. It was found that the types of speech acts that mostly appeared in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s political speech are nine assertives, eight commissives and four directives. Each type of the speech acts delivered a different context of meaning. Keywords: Speech Acts, Political Speech, Illocutionary
NOUN PHRASE ANALYSIS OF MAGAZINE ARTICLE “VIDEO GAMES … ARE GOOD FOR YOU?” BY GABRIEL J. ADAMS
Authors: Nurdiansyah Egi , Satriani Intan 
Published: January 2021

Understanding the text is one of the objectives of English study. Before understanding the complex sentence the basic skill that student need to master is to understand the phrases of each sentence. This article objectives are to give more understanding about noun phrases in magazine article to help student easy to understand the basic of English especially phrase. The reason writer choose noun phrase is the most commonly used phrase in the sentence is the noun phrase and the writer want to make the reader familiar with noun phrase. This article will analyze the magazine article with 22 sentences and also contains 66 noun phrases in it. Which the writer will determine the modifier every noun phrase in it. Therefore, mastering phrases is a key to become a fluent speaker of English. Keywords: Noun Phrases, Magazine Article
OFENSIVA CONSERVADORA Y EDUCACIÓN EN URUGUAY
Authors: Martinis Pablo , Rodríguez Bissio Gabriela 
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo aborda algunos aspectos de la ofensiva conservadora actualmente en curso en la educación uruguaya a través del análisis de dos tipos de fenómenos: a) un conjunto de cambios impulsados en la legislación educativa durante el año 2020; b) el uso que por parte de las autoridades gubernamentales se ha desarrollado del principio de laicidad. Partiendo de un marco conceptual sensible a los procesos de construcción discursiva que disputan sentidos hegemónicos a nivel social, el artículo presta atención a las manifestaciones pospolíticas y posideológicas que caracterizan a la ofensiva conservadora. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se trabaja con fuentes documentales (actas parlamentarias, textos legales, resoluciones de autoridades educativas y expresiones de actores claves). El artículo en su conjunto pretende aportar elementos para la comprensión de los efectos que el desarrollo de una discursividad conservadora viene produciendo en el caso uruguayo a los efectos de mostrar sus particularidades en un marco de despliegue del conservadurismo a nivel global.