bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Phase Slug Tracking With PeTra
Authors: Larsen Marit , Hedne Pål 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents numerical simulations of slug flow in multiphase pipeline systems using a novel simulation tool PeTra. The slug tracking scheme in PeTra is described. A major feature in PeTra is a moving grid together with a fully integrated front tracking scheme. The slug tracking model enables tracking of slug fronts with limited numerical diffusion. PeTra has been implemented in C++ using object-oriented methods resulting in a flexible and dynamic code. The numerical simulations are compared with experimental data and field data.
Naturally Driven Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer in Soil Saturated With Light Fuel Vapor and Heated Asymmetrically
Authors: Mohamad A. A. , Karim G. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Natural convection heat and mass transfer in a soil saturated with light fuel vapor and heated from one side is modeled and solved numerically. The system is simulated as a porous medium in a large horizontal enclosure exposed to ambient air from the top and saturated with a fuel vapor from the bottom. It is assumed that one of the vertical boundaries is heated to a constant temperature while the other vertical boundary kept cold at the ambient temperature. The problem is approximated as a two-dimensional, steady state, laminar flow with constant properties.
The rate of outflow of species is calculated together with the rates of heat and mass transfer. Also, flow, temperature and species distributions are shown. For a thermally driven flow, i.e., N&lt;1.0, the flow is driven into the cavity from a distance if the strength of the heat source and/or the permeability of the porous medium is high. For N&gt;1.0, solutal plumes and complex flow pattern are formed as N increases. Such results will aid in providing guidelines for reducing the fire hazards from fuel wetted soils.
Modeling of Premixed Combustion in a Double-Layered Radiant Porous Burner
Authors: Younis L. , Mohamad A. A. , Wierzba I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Porous radiant burners are widely used in industry to provide a uniform source of heat flux with reduced emissions. Such burners have provided high rates of heat transfer by radiation while preventing flame flashback. The work to be presented relates to the modeling of the combustion process in a double-layered flat porous burner. The burner employs a low porosity layer on the upstream side and high porosity layer on the downstream side of the homogenous fuel-air mixture flow.
The nonequilibrium model is adopted. The energy equations for the gas and solid media are solved numerically with a one step reaction (Arrhenius type) energy release rate for the gas-phase. The solid phase is considered to be non-reactive. The thermophysical properties of the gas and solid phases are assumed to be functions of temperature. The effects of thermal conductivity and thickness of the layers on the flame stabilization within the porous medium and radiant energy output are investigated and discussed. The high thermal conductivity layer diffuses heat and thus has significant effects on the flame location and flame temperature. However, the high thermal conductivity of the layer also contributes to a decrease in the radiant energy. It was found that generally the flame stabilizes at the interface between the two layers. When the thermal conductivity of the upstream low porosity layer was too low (e.g. 0.1 W/m.K), the flame was stabilized within the low porosity layer.
ASE: A New Approach for Qualitative Groupware Development Projects?
Authors: Pahnke Cornelia , Knöll Heinz-Dieter , Moreton Robert 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Groupware is a general term for software applications that are designed to streamline the collection and dissemination of information, based on the concept of the learning organization. The main problem of using groupware efficiently is the need for an increasing amount of creative and conceptional work. For this reasons we have tested the Animated Systems Engineering (ASE) within student groups in two projects, because we need user participation in all phases of the reorganization so that there is a wide acceptance of the groupware concept. This implies to focus on the human factor as the key for success. But nevertheless, we want to show that Project Management has to be a well structured and method based process. We have tried to combine both in our new approach.
A Process Flow Model of ISO 14001 for the Implementation of an Environmental Management System
Authors: Arnoni Yoram (Jerry) 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There is increasing interest all over the world in Environmental Management Systems. Many Japanese electronic companies have mandated that their plants should be registered to ISO 14001 irrespective of what country they are located in. The big three automobile manufacturers in the United States have requested their suppliers to become registered to ISO 14001 within the next few years.
The EPA is openly supporting Environmental Management Systems including ISO 14001. Twenty-two US States have enacted legislation that encourages voluntary environmental audits by granting immunity to certain non-compliance issues that was discovered during the audit, providing prior notice of the audit was given to the state and the auditee had no prior knowledge of the non-compliance.
In response to the interest in Environmental Management Systems, this paper highlights the process flow from one environmental core element to the next in flow diagrams and gives examples from a number of implemented systems.
There are a number of system concepts comprising of core elements that are described in ISO 14001 but the link between the core elements are not always immediately obvious. The main processes are as follows:
• Identifying aspects, evaluating which are significant and then implementing control procedures for those issues, monitoring/measuring the outcome of the controls and reporting to management for corrective action or continuous improvement.
• Identification of regulatory issues that apply to the organizations activities, keeping up to date with regulatory changes and reporting to regulatory offices as may be required.
• Identifying which aspects that the organization wishes to pursue as an improvement program. The improvement program will include objectives, measurable targets for those objectives, the means by which those objectives will be achieved, the time frame and people responsible for the program.
• Internal assessments, corrective actions, preventive actions and management review and re-action.
An understanding of the EMS core elements and their inter relationship will be of interest to those who are considering implementing an Environmental management System in their organization.
Numerical Simulation of Corrosion Inhibitor Transport in Pipelines Carrying Oil-Water Mixtures
Authors: Rojas-Figueroa Antonio , Fairuzov Yuri V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The transport of corrosion inhibitors in a pipeline carrying crude oil-water mixture has been studied using a transient liquid-liquid two-phase flow model. The fluid flow model (the hydrodynamic model) is based on a two-fluid model of two-phase flow. The model allows simulating the transfer of inhibitor from one phase to another (inhibitor partitioning) under steady state and transient oil-water flow conditions. Both stratified and dispersed flow patterns can be modeled. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effects of topography of the line, locations of the inhibitor injection point, flow pattern, and partitioning of the inhibitor between the phases on the distribution of inhibitor concentration along the pipeline. The modeling can be used to predict the inhibitor volume needed to be injected (the dose rate) in order to provide the required inhibitor concentration in critical sections of crude-oil pipelines.
Performance of Fluid Flow and Thermal Models for Subsea Satellite Wells
Authors: Minami Kazuioshi , Almeida Alcino R. , Santos Martha S. , Oliveira Alexandre P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Accurate calculation of pressure and temperature profiles is crucial for correctly predicting production rates and wax deposition and hydrate plugging tendencies of subsea wells and flowlines. In the present work, the commonly used empirical pressure drop correlations coupled with heat transfer models, both in the wellbore and the subsea flowlines, are evaluated against measured steady-state data from field operations. The reference data are from Campos Basin ultra-deep waters high flowrate subsea wells (from 1,000 to 1,850 m water depth, 3,280 to 6,070 ft), covering flow rates from 1,000 to 3,150 m3/d (6,280 to 20,000 bpd) through 4 1/2 to 5 1/2 in nominal diameter tubings and up to 11 km (6.8 mi) long, 6 in ID insulated flexible flowlines.
Descriptions of the evaluated models, production system geometry, and fluid properties are included in the paper.
Calculations of Temperatures in Multistructure Wave Fronts
Authors: Sano Yukio , Abe Akihisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the previous study, two Inside Temperature (ITdQ=0 and ITIM) methods for estimating the temperature distributions in steady wave fronts in a thermoviscous material were established and the ITIM method was shown qualitatively to be effective for shock compressions where the effect of viscosity was distinguished. In this paper, these two methods are applied to the shock compressions of Yittria-doped Tetragonal Zirconia (YTZ) that is a thermoviscous material with a multiple shock Hugoniot. The YTZ Hugoniot consists of three partial curves including two kinks, that are the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) and the phase transition point. The shock temperatures evaluated by the ITIM method were close to the accurate temperatures obtained by the Walsh-Christian method in the whole stress range to 140 GPa examined here. Furthermore, the inside temperature distributions were approximately accurate because the effect of viscosity was distinguished in the shock compression. By these facts, it was considered that the fundamental assumption and the assumption on heat transport used in the ITIM method were valid and as a result, this method was effective. In addition, the influence of heat transport on the temperatures and thermoelastic stresses was examined.
Design Criterion for Increasing the Performance of the Energy Plants
Authors: Kececiler Abdullah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the middle of this century the growing fact of the unexpected environmental conditions and the rapid increase in the energy consumption have resulted in the fact that the efficient use of the energy and to exploit a new and renewable energy resources are inevitable. In the recent years, increasing importance in the issue of the best use of available energy resources are discussed with the application of the combined heat-power plants. In this paper, the performance of the conventional energy plants and combined heat-power plants are compared. For this reason a new design criterions for the combined heat-power plant are introduced here.
The rationality of these new design criterions are tested in thermal energy and gas turbine plants. The obtained results are then compared with the conventional energy plants. It is proven that this new design methodology will provide more energy saving and minimize the heat losses that is produced during energy production.
Pseudomonas Can Survive Tailocin Killing via Persistence-Like and Heterogenous Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Kandel Prem P. , Baltrus David A. , Hockett Kevin L. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Phage tail-like bacteriocins (tailocins) are bacterially produced protein toxins that mediate competitive interactions between cocolonizing bacteria. Both theoretical and experimental research has shown there are intransitive interactions between bacteriocin-producing, bacteriocin-sensitive, and bacteriocin-resistant populations, whereby producers outcompete sensitive cells, sensitive cells outcompete resistant cells, and resistant cells outcompete producers. These so-called rock-paper-scissors dynamics explain how all three populations occupy the same environment, without one driving the others extinct. Using Pseudomonas syringae as a model, we demonstrate that otherwise sensitive cells survive bacteriocin exposure through a physiological mechanism. This mechanism allows cells to survive bacteriocin killing without acquiring resistance. We show that a significant fraction of the target cells that survive a lethal dose of tailocin did not exhibit any detectable increase in survival during a subsequent exposure. Tailocin persister cells were more prevalent in stationary- rather than log-phase cultures. Of the fraction of cells that gained detectable resistance, there was a range from complete (insensitive) to incomplete (partially sensitive) resistance. By using genomic sequencing and genetic engineering, we showed that a mutation in a hypothetical gene containing 8 to 10 transmembrane domains causes tailocin high persistence and that genes of various glycosyltransferases cause incomplete and complete tailocin resistance. Importantly, of the several classes of mutations, only those causing complete tailocin resistance compromised host fitness. This result indicates that bacteria likely utilize persistence to survive bacteriocin-mediated killing without suffering the costs associated with resistance. This research provides important insight into how bacteria can escape the trap of fitness trade-offs associated with gaining de novo tailocin resistance.
IMPORTANCE Bacteriocins are bacterially produced protein toxins that are proposed as antibiotic alternatives. However, a deeper understanding of the responses of target bacteria to bacteriocin exposure is lacking. Here, we show that target cells of Pseudomonas syringae survive lethal bacteriocin exposure through both physiological persistence and genetic resistance mechanisms. Cells that are not growing rapidly rely primarily on persistence, whereas those growing rapidly are more likely to survive via resistance. We identified various mutations in lipopolysaccharide biogenesis-related regions involved in tailocin persistence and resistance. By assessing host fitness of various classes of mutants, we showed that persistence and subtle resistance are mechanisms P. syringae uses to survive competition and preserve host fitness. These results have important implications for developing bacteriocins as alternative therapeutic agents.
Association between pre-diabetes and microvascular and macrovascular disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Palladino Raffaele , Tabak Adam G , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Majeed Azeem , Millett Christopher , Vamos Eszter P 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe associated risk of vascular disease following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in people previously identified as having pre-diabetes in real-world settings is unknown. We examined the presence of microvascular and macrovascular disease in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes by glycemic status within 3 years before diagnosis.Research design and methodsWe identified 159 736 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database in England between 2004 and 2017. We used logistic regression models to compare presence of microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease) disease at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis by prior glycemic status.ResultsHalf of the study population (49.9%) had at least one vascular disease, over one-third (37.4%) had microvascular disease, and almost a quarter (23.5%) had a diagnosed macrovascular disease at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis.Compared with individuals with glycemic values within the normal range, those detected with pre-diabetes before the diagnosis had 76% and 14% increased odds of retinopathy and nephropathy (retinopathy: adjusted OR (AOR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.69 to 1.85; nephropathy: AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19), and 7% higher odds of the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12) in fully adjusted models at time of diabetes diagnosis.ConclusionsMicrovascular and macrovascular diseases are detected in 37%–24% of people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is associated with increased odds of microvascular disease and acute coronary syndrome. Detection of pre-diabetes might represent an opportunity for reducing the burden of microvascular and macrovascular disease through heightened attention to screening for vascular complications.
Factors influencing the early initiation of breast feeding in public primary healthcare facilities in Northeast Nigeria: a mixed-method study
Authors: Shobo Olukolade George , Umar Nasir , Gana Ahmed , Longtoe Peter , Idogho Omokhudu , Anyanti Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThe early initiation of breast feeding is a high-impact intervention that gives newborns a better chance of survival. We assess the barriers and facilitators influencing the practice of early breast feeding of newborns in public primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Northeast Nigeria, to influence the planning of programmes targeted at improving newborn care in the region.MethodWe used an explanatory mixed-method approach. We conducted case observation of childbirths and newborn care for the quantitative arm, and interviewed mothers and birth attendants 1 hour after childbirth for the qualitative arm. The analysis for the quantitative arm was done with SPSS V.23. For the qualitative arm, we transcribed the audio files, coded the texts and categorised them using thematic analysis.ResultWe observed 393 and 27 mothers for the quantitative and qualitative arms of the study, respectively. The quantitative arm shows that 39% of mothers did not breastfeed their newborns within 1 hour of birth. The qualitative arm shows that 37% of mothers did not breastfeed within 1 hour of birth. Themes that describe the barriers to early breast feeding in public PHCs are: birth attendants’ unwillingness or inability to accommodate mothers’ safe traditional practices, ineffective rooming-in practices, staff shortages, lack of privacy in the lying-in ward and poor implementation of visiting-hour policy in public PHCs. The pregnant women denied safe traditional birth practices like chanting, praying or reading religious books during delivery are five times more likely not to breastfeed newborns within the first hour of birth (relative risk=4.5, 95% CI 1.2–17.1) compared with pregnant women allowed these practices.ConclusionStakeholders must increase their focus on improving breastfeeding practices in public PHCs. Instituting policies that protect mothers’ privacy and finding innovative ways to accommodate and promote safe traditional practices in the intrapartum and postpartum period in PHCs will improve the early breast feeding of newborns in these PHCs.
Outcomes tested in non-pharmacological interventions in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a scoping review
Authors: Couch Elyse , Lawrence Vanessa , Co Melissa , Prina Matthew 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesNon-pharmacological treatments are an important aspect of dementia care. A wide range of interventions have been trialled for mild dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the variety of outcome measures used in these trials makes it difficult to make meaningful comparisons. The objective of this study is to map trends in which outcome measures are used in trials of non-pharmacological treatments in MCI and mild dementia.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesEMBASE, PsychINFO, Medline and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until February 2018. An additional search was conducted in April 2019EligibilityWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing non-pharmacological interventions for people diagnosed with MCI or mild dementia. Studies were restricted to full RCTs; observational, feasibility and pilot studies were not included.Charting methodsAll outcome measures used by included studies were extracted and grouped thematically. Trends in the types of outcome measures used were explored by type of intervention, country and year of publication.Results91 studies were included in this review. We extracted 358 individual outcome measures, of which 78 (22%) were used more than once. Cognitive measures were the most frequently used, with the Mini-Mental State Examination being the most popular.ConclusionsOur findings highlight an inconsistency in the use of outcome measures. Cognition has been prioritised over other domains, despite previous research highlighting the importance of quality of life and caregiver measures. To ensure a robust evidence base, more research is needed to highlight which outcome measures should be used over others.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018102649.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Liu Xuebing , Lin Hong , Jiang Haifeng , Li Ruihua , Zhong Na , Su Hang , Li Yi , Zhao Min 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID-19, no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China.AimTo explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China.Methods21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 (COVID-19 suspected group) in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia (clean group) in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020. We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups.ResultsMedical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020. The mean age (SD) of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1 (2.6). 12 (57.1%) patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms. 14 (66.7%) patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings. By 21 February, one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19. Even though the remaining 20 (95.2%) were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests, 11 (52.4%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases. Compared with patients in the clean group, patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress, depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality.ConclusionSetting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic. Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances, which should be appropriately managed.