bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative, high-stress calls impacting adverse events among law enforcement and the public
Authors: Jetelina Katelyn K. , Beauchamp Alaina M. , Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. , Molsberry Rebecca J. , Bishopp Stephen A. , Lee Simon Craddock 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The unpredictable, and sometimes dangerous, nature of the occupation exposes officers to both acute and chronic stress over law enforcement officers’ (LEO) tenure. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) Describe multi-level characteristics that define high-stress calls for service for LEO; and 2) Characterize factors that impact cumulative stress over the course of a LEO’s shift.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected from 28 LEOs at three law enforcement agencies in the Dallas-Fort Worth areas from April 2019 to February 2020. Focus group data were iteratively coded by four coders using inductive and deductive thematic identification.

Results
Five multi-level factors influenced officer stress: 1) officer characteristics (e.g. military experience; gender); 2) civilian behavior (e.g. resistance, displaying a weapon); 3) supervisor factors (micromanagement); 4) environmental factors (e.g. time of year); and, 5) situational factors (e.g. audience present; complexity of calls). Four themes that characterized cumulative stress: 1) cyclical risk; 2) accelerators; 3) decelerators; and 4) experience of an adverse event.

Conclusions
LEOs become susceptible to adverse events (e.g. injury, excessive use of force) after repeated exposure to high-stress calls for service. Ongoing exposures to stress continue to occur throughout the shift. Our long-term goal is to interrupt this repetitive, cumulative process by restricting the number of consecutive high-risk, high-intensity calls an officer is permitted to respond to.
Factors contributing to educational differences in obesity among women: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Chung Woojin , Lim Seungji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is more prevalent among less-educated women than highly-educated women around the world. However, little is known about the factors which cause this difference in obesity, and almost nothing is known about how the individual factors which explain differences in education among women alone contribute to obesity. In this study, we identified the factors which help explain the relationship between education and obesity in women, and quantified their separate contributions to obesity.

Methods
We analyzed information on 14,577 women aged 25 years or over using datasets from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2014). We divided the women into two education groups: women who had, at most, finished high school (less-educated women), and women who had college degrees and beyond (highly-educated women). Using an extended Oaxaca-Blinder method, we decomposed the difference in obesity prevalence between the two education groups into the contributions (%) due to two effects: composition effect and association effect.

Results
Obesity was more than twice as prevalent among the less-educated women (34.3%) than it was among the highly-educated women (16.0%). The composition effect—contribution of differences in the distribution of observed characteristics compared to that of the difference in obesity prevalence between the two education groups—was 38.2%. The association effect—contributions of differences in the estimated coefficients of characteristics compared to that of the difference in obesity prevalence between the two education groups—was 55.8%, of which lifestyle factors were the most important contributor (43.6%). Of the separate contributions of each factor, the association effect of the factor related to women’s stress exhibited the largest contribution (23.0%).

Conclusion
We suggest that to effectively mitigate the high prevalence of obesity among less-educated women, it may be necessary to help low-educated women who do not feel stressful develop strategies to combat their higher risk of obesity. We also suggest the need to conduct decomposition studies in countries which show significant relationships between education and obesity among women, and to create targeted policies to reduce this population’s overall risk of obesity.
Insights from qualitative research on NAFLD awareness with a cohort of T2DM patients: time to go public with insulin resistance?
Authors: Alemany-Pagès Mireia , Moura-Ramos Mariana , Araújo Sara , Macedo Maria Paula , Ribeiro Rogério T. , do Ó Dulce , Ramalho-Santos João , Azul Anabela Marisa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
It is estimated that around 70% of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients (T2DM) have Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Awareness and education are amongst the major shortcomings of the public health response to the increasing threat of NAFLD. Characterizing the specific NAFLD-related information needs of particular high-risk metabolic communities, for instance, T2DM patients, might aid in the development of evidence-based health promotion strategies, ultimately promoting NAFLD-awareness, treatment adherence and therapeutic success rates.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with T2DM patients were conducted to gain insight into their awareness of NAFLD, including its relationship with insulin resistance and T2DM.

Results
Awareness of NAFLD as a disease entity, as well as its progression to end-stage liver disease or its relationship with other metabolic conditions, including insulin resistance and T2DM was low. Surveillance behaviours were also suboptimal and perceptions on the self-management knowledge and praxis regarding lifestyle intervention components of T2DM treatment seemed detached from those of NAFLD.

Conclusions
Our findings could inform the integration of NAFLD-related content in T2DM health promotion strategies. Rising awareness on NAFLD progression and its relationship with T2DM using culturally and community-relevant constructs might facilitate the development of primary and secondary prevention programmes to promote the adherence to lifestyle interventions by influencing NAFLD threat perceptions.
Job stress and interpersonal relationships cross country evidence from the EU15: a correlation analysis
Authors: Nappo Nunzia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to analyse the association between job stress and interpersonal relationships on and outside of the job in Europe. The main assumption of the paper is that since social relations at various levels enhance individual well-being, they may counteract stress created by an unfavourable work environment.MethodsThe econometric analysis, based on a standard ordered probit model, employs data taken from the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015 and released in 2017.ResultsThe results show significant correlations between interpersonal contacts on and outside of the job and job stress. Help and support provided by one’s manager decreases the probability of being stressed at work, while receiving help and support from co-workers is likely to increase the probability of job stress occurrence. However, maintaining cooperation and getting on well with colleagues decrease the probability of experiencing stress, confirming the positive and gratifying features of contact with co-workers reported by the literature.ConclusionsWhile we were not able to establish the direction of causality between job stress and interpersonal relationships (a limitation of this paper), the present work contributes new evidence to the literature on occupational stress. Our results show that interpersonal relationships on and outside of the job can be considered valuable resources that, when available to an individual, are useful for managing stress created by workplace stressors.
Correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy and recurrence in stage I lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Haichao , Chen Rong , Zhao Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To systematically evaluate the correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) and recurrence in stage I lung cancer.

Methods
The databases of PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine disc were retrieved to collect relevant literatures about the correlation between PTNB and recurrence in stage I lung cancer. The retrieval time was limited from the time of their database establishment to April 30/2020.Screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies included. Then the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata l6.0 software.

Results
A total of 8 cohort studies involving 2760 lung cancer patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that PTNB did not increase the risk of total recurrence and pleural recurrence in the patients with stage I lung cancer. The result of subgroup analysis is according to the tumor location. For stage I lung cancer, PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions but not in those without sub-pleural lesions.

Conclusions
To stage I lung cancer, PTNB is not associated with the total recurrence and pleural recurrence but PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions.
Comparative study of imaging and histology of sacroiliac joint in normal rats based on IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI
Authors: Qin Jian , Yao Qianqian , Ge Xubo , Zhu Jianzhong , Yin Zhaoliang , Li Xiaoqian , Li Changqin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, few studies have described the relationship between functional MRI findings and histology of normal sacroiliac joint (SIJ). Besides, due to the difficulties in access to SIJ, authentic animal models are important in providing opportunities for quantitative parameter extraction on imaging.

Aims
This study aimed at exploring the parameters of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) and comparing them with the histology of the SIJ in normal rats with different ages.

Methods
A total of thirty 7-week-old male Wistar rats were included in the study. The parameters of IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI in the bone marrow and the joint space of SIJ were measured at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 weeks. The histological analysis of the SIJ was examined using light microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

Results
The D values in the sacral and iliac bone marrow of normal rats decreased with an increase in age. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference in D values in different age groups (P<0.005). The normal values of D*, f, Fenh (%), Senh (%/s) in the sacral bone marrow, the iliac bone marrow, and the joint space in SIJ of normal rats were obtained. The results showed that in the six groups of rats of different ages, the histology of the SIJ surface was smooth and clear, the cartilage cells were intact, and no thickening or pannus formation was observed.

Conclusions
This study obtained the IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI parameters of the sacral and iliac bone marrow and the synovial area of the joint space in normal rats. The parameters in normal rats can be used in future research to compare to similar parameters in animal models or patients with SIJ diseases. This study serves as a guide for future research in SIJ diseases.
The Association of Self-Reported Generalized Joint Hypermobility with pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ahlqvist Kerstin , Bjelland Elisabeth Krefting , Pingel Ronnie , Schlager Angela , Nilsson-Wikmar Lena , Kristiansson Per 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPelvic girdle pain (PGP) is common during pregnancy but the causes remain poorly understood. Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is an inherited trait, with joint mobility beyond normal limits and is assumed to be related with PGP. The aim of this project was to study the association between self-reported GJH and the presence of PGP during pregnancy.MethodsIn this cohort study, 4884 Swedish-speaking women were consecutively recruited at their first visit for registration in the national antenatal screening programme in Sweden. We used the five-part questionnaire (5PQ) to assess GJH and pain drawings to identify PGP. Our primary outcome was the presence of PGP during the entire pregnancy and secondary outcomes were PGP in each trimesters. We tested the associations with logistic regression analysis, and adjusted for age and ethnicity.ResultsIn all,2455 (50.3%) women responded to both questionnaires. The prevalence of self-reported GJH was 28.7%. A higher proportion of women with GJH than women without GJH reported PGP during the entire pregnancy (47.9% vs. 41.0%), particularly in trimester 1 (31.6% vs. 22.0%). Thus, women with GJH also had higher odds of PGP during the entire pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.27: 95% CI 1.11–1.47) and in trimester 1 (aOR 1.54: 95% CI 1.20–1.96), but the associations were not statistically significant in trimester 2 (aOR 1.24: 95% CI 0.82–1.88) or trimester 3 (aOR 1.20: 95% CI 0.99–1.45). The odds of PGP in pregnancy increased with increasing numbers of positive answers to the 5PQ (pfor linear trend < 0.001) for the entire pregnancy and in trimester 1 (pfor linear trend < 0.001), but not in trimesters 2 or 3 (p = 0.13 andp = 0.06, respectively).ConclusionsCompared to women with normal joint mobility, women with GJH had higher odds of reporting PGP during pregnancy and the odds increased with number of positive responses to the 5PQ. The associations were present in trimester 1 but did not reach statistical significance in trimester 2 and 3.
Two-year outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy versus gastric bypass: first report based on Tehran obesity treatment study (TOTS)
Authors: Khalaj Alireza , Tasdighi Erfan , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Mahdavi Maryam , Valizadeh Majid , Farahmand Elham , Taheri Hamidreza , Barzin Maryam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity and its associated comorbidities. This is the first comprehensive report of a prospective cohort study, comparing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with gastric bypass (GB) regarding their effectiveness and safety.

Methods
The prospectively collected data of patients, who presented to a specialized bariatric center and underwent a primary bariatric procedure, were compared in terms of weight loss, remission of obesity-associated comorbidities, complication rate, and quality of life improvement at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups.

Results
Of 3287 patients (78.6% female) analyzed, 67% (n = 2202) and 33% (n = 1085) underwent SG and GB, respectively. Effective outcomes were reported in both groups regarding the body composition indices. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission rate at the end of follow-up was 53.3% and 63.8% in the SG and GB groups, respectively. Following the propensity score-adjusted analysis, the T2DM remission rate was not significantly different between the groups. Conversely, the remission rate of hypertension in the 24-month follow-up (39.1% vs. 54.7%) and the remission rate of dyslipidemia in all follow-ups were lower in the SG group, compared to the GB group. Moreover, both procedures caused substantial improvements in various domains of quality of life. The surgery duration, early complication rate, and nutritional deficiencies were lower in the SG group, compared to the GB group.

Conclusion
Both surgical procedures were effective in the control of obesity and remission of its comorbidities. However, since SG was associated with a lower rate of complications, it seems that SG should be considered as a suitable procedure for obese patients, especially those with a healthier metabolic profile.
Stauffer syndrome, clinical implications and knowledge gaps, does size matter? Case report
Authors: Chavarriaga Julian , Fakih Nayib , Cataño Juan , Villaquiran Catalina , Rodriguez Santiago , Patino German 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stauffer Syndrome (SS) is a paraneoplastic disorder associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). First described by Herbert Maurice Stauffer in 1961, it is characterized by hepatic dysfunction in the absence of metastasis, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases and prolonged prothrombin time. Initial reports did not include jaundice as an inclusion criterion. We aim to report the rare SS jaundice variant in a patient with a small renal mass and review the literature to determine if the size of the renal mass could influence the development of the SS.

Case presentation
The aim of this article is to present the case of a 53-year-old male with Stauffer syndrome jaundice variant secondary to a 2.5 cm renal mass, treated with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with complete resolution of the syndrome.

Conclusions
This syndrome is yet to be fully understood, and as far as the evidence shows, size does not matter. This entity should always be in mind when encountered with a patient with liver dysfunction and jaundice with a suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of a renal mass. To date, and to our knowledge, there have been eleven reported cases of paraneoplastic cholestatic jaundice syndrome including the current case. Six cases presented in patients with small renal mases (< 4 cm), curiously there were not a laterality tendency.
Low-level laser therapy effectiveness in reducing initial orthodontic archwire placement pain in premolars extraction cases: a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: AlSayed Hasan Mohammad Moaffak A. , Sultan Kinda , Ajaj Mowaffak , Voborná Iva , Hamadah Omar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) effectiveness in spontaneous and chewing pain reduction following initial orthodontic archwire placement.

Methods
26 patients (mean age 20.07 ± 3.13 years) with maxillary Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) of 7 mm or more that indicates first maxillary premolars extraction and no medications intake were eligible for this trial. Patients were randomly assigned with 1:1 ratio using simple randomization technique to receive either LLL or placebo treatment. Blinding was applicable for patients only. In the laser group, patients received a single LLL dose (wavelength 830 nm, energy 2 J/point) in four points (2 buccal, 2 palatal) for each maxillary anterior tooth root. Patients in the placebo group had the same laser application procedure without emitting the laser beam. Patients were asked to score spontaneous and chewing pain intensity by filling out a questionnaire with a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment application. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean pain scores between the laser and placebo groups for both spontaneous and chewing pain at each studied time point.

Results
No dropout occurred so the results of the 26 patients were statistically analyzed. Despite some clinical differences observed between the two groups, no statistical significance was found for each studied time point (p > 0.05) for both spontaneous and chewing pain except after 72 h for chewing pain with a VAS score of (18.84 ± 13.44) mm for the laser group compared to (38.15 ± 27.06) mm for the placebo group.

Conclusions
LLLT, with the suggested parameters, is not effective in pain reduction following initial orthodontic archwire placement.

Trial registration
Name of the registry:Clinicaltrials.gov
Trial registration number:NCT02568436.
Date of registration: 26 September 2015 ‘Retrospectively registered’.
Development and usability testing of Understanding Stroke, a tailored life-sustaining treatment decision support tool for stroke surrogate decision makers
Authors: Chen Emily P. , Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia , Newhouse William , Egleston Diane , Sahgal Savina , Yande Aneesha , Fagerlin Angela , Zahuranec Darin B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Surrogate decision makers of stroke patients are often unprepared to make critical decisions on life-sustaining treatments. We describe the development process and key features for the Understanding Stroke web-based decision support tool.

Methods
We used multiple strategies to develop a patient-centered, tailored decision aid. We began by forming a Patient and Family Advisory Council to provide continuous input to our multidisciplinary team on the development of the tool. Additionally, focus groups consisting of nurses, therapists, social workers, physicians, stroke survivors, and family members reviewed key elements of the tool, including prognostic information, graphical displays, and values clarification exercise. To design the values clarification exercise, we asked focus groups to provide feedback on a list of important activities of daily living. An ordinal prognostic model was developed for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage using data taken from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive Plus, and incorporated into the tool.

Results
Focus group participants recommended making numeric prognostic information optional due to possible emotional distress. Pie charts were generally favored by participants for graphical presentation of prognostic information, though a horizontal stacked bar chart was also added due to its prevalence in stroke literature. Plain language descriptions of the modified Rankin Scale were created to accompany the prognostic information. A values clarification exercise was developed consisting of a list of 13 situations that may make an individual consider comfort measures only. The final version of the web based tool (which can be viewed on tablets) included the following sections: general introduction to stroke, outcomes (prognostic information and recovery), in-hospital and life-sustaining treatments, decision making and values clarification, post-hospital care, tips for talking to the health care team, and a summary report. Preliminary usability testing received generally favorable feedback.

Conclusion
We developed Understanding Stroke, a tailored decision support tool for surrogate decision makers of stroke patients. The tool was well received and will be formally pilot tested in a group of stroke surrogate decision makers.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03427645).