bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual education: Dental morphologies in a virtual teaching environment
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Erdelt Kurt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesDigital technology is already playing an increasingly important role in the education of students. The present investigation examined the acceptance of preclinical students for learning dental morphologies in virtual reality (VR).MethodsThe creation of the VR dental teaching environment was divided into 3 sections: (a) generation of the digital data; (b) creation of the VR dental learning environment for tooth morphologies; and (c) evaluation by preclinical students through questionnaires combined with visual analogue scale and fixed‐answer options. Students of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the University Hospital Munich were able to stay/interact in the VR dental learning environment for 10 minutes with VR headsets and hand controllers. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov−Smirnov test and exploratory data analysis using the median value and interquartile range.ResultsOf the students, 34.9% stated that they understand dental morphologies much better, 57.1% better, and 7.9% equally well compared to using the traditional textbook. The students would be willing to spend about 500 euros privately for the VR equipment. The haptic and auditive teaching elements were evaluated more positively than the purely visual ones of the integrated information boards.ConclusionsLearning in the VR dental learning environment showed a high level of acceptance among all students and should be integrated as a fixed element in the dental curriculum. A further development for use independent of time and place is desirable.
The neutrophil subset defined by CD177 expression is preferentially recruited to gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis
Authors: Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Amirbeagi Firoozeh , Davidsson Lisa , Khamzeh Arsham , Thorbert Mros Sara , Thulin Pontus , Welin Amanda , Björkman Lena , Christenson Karin , Bylund Johan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the concept of distinct subpopulations of human neutrophils has attracted much attention. One bona fide subset marker, exclusively expressed by a proportion of circulating neutrophils in a given individual, and therefore dividing neutrophils in two distinct subpopulations, is the glycoprotein CD177. CD177 is expressed on the plasma and granule membranes of 0–100% of circulating neutrophils depending on the donor. Several in vitro studies have linked CD177 to neutrophil transmigration, yet very few have looked at the role of CD177 for tissue recruitment in vivo. We investigate whether the CD177+ and CD177– neutrophil subsets differ in their propensity to migrate to both aseptic- and microbe-triggered inflamed human tissues. Microbe-triggered neutrophil migration was evaluated in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with periodontitis, whereas neutrophil migration to aseptic inflammation was evaluated in synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthritis, as well as in exudate from experimental skin chambers applied on healthy donors. We found that the proportion of CD177+ neutrophils was significantly higher in GCF from patients with periodontitis, as compared to blood from the same individuals. Such accumulation of CD177+ neutrophils was not seen in the two models of aseptic inflammation. Moreover, the proportion of CD177+ neutrophils in circulation was significantly higher in the periodontitis patient group, as compared to healthy donors. Our data indicate that the CD177+ neutrophil subset is preferentially recruited to the gingival crevice of periodontitis patients, and may imply that this subtype is of particular importance for situations of microbe-driven inflammation.
IL-17a exacerbates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury in fatty liver by promoting neutrophil infiltration and mitochondria-driven apoptosis
Authors: Yang Xinxiang , Li Changxian , Ng Kevin Tak-Pan , Liu Jiang , Liu Hui , Zhang Weiyi , Xiao Fan , Li Xiangcheng , Lo Chung Mau , Lu Liwei , Man Kwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a critical issue during liver transplantation (LT). Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-17a contributes to IR injury and steatohepatitis. However, the underlying mechanism is not understood. This study aimed to examine the role of IL-17a on hepatic IR injury in fatty liver and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The correlation between serum IL-17a levels and liver function was analyzed in LT patients receiving fatty (n = 42) and normal grafts (n = 44). Rat LT model was applied to validate the clinical findings. IL-17a knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were fed with high-fat diets to induce fatty liver and subjected to hepatic IR injury with major hepatectomy. Frequency of circulating neutrophils and IL-17a expression on PBMCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) was examined by a living intravital image system. Serum IL-17a was elevated after human LT, especially with fatty grafts. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels were increased in recipients with fatty grafts compared with normal grafts. In rat LT model, the intragraft IL-17a expression was significantly higher in fatty grafts than normal ones post-LT. KO of IL-17a in mice notably attenuated liver damage after IR injury in fatty liver, characterized by better-preserved liver architecture, improved liver function, and reduced neutrophil infiltration. MOMP triggered cell death after hepatic IR injury in a caspase-independent way via IL-17a/NF-κB signaling pathway. KO of IL-17a protected the fatty liver against IR injury through the suppression of neutrophil infiltration and mitochondria-driven apoptosis.
NLRC4 biology in immunity and inflammation
Authors: Andrade Warrison A , Zamboni Dario S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that sense microbial infections or host cell damage, triggering cytokine production and a proinflammatory form of cell death, called pyroptosis. Whereas pyroptosis and cytokine production may often promote host resistance to infections, uncontrolled inflammasome activation leads to autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Among the multiple inflammasomes described, the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein/nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family caspase activation and recruitment domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome emerged as a critical component for the restriction of bacterial infections. Accordingly, our understanding of this inflammasome advanced remarkably over the last 10 yr, expanding our knowledge about ligand-receptor interaction; cryo-EM structure; and downstream effectors and substrates, such as gasdermin-D, caspase-1, caspase-8, and caspase-7. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the biology of the NLRC4 inflammasome, in terms of structure and activation mechanisms, importance in bacterial and nonbacterial diseases, and the identification of NLRC4 gain-of-function mutations leading to NLRC4-associated autoinflammatory diseases in humans.
High tolerance to instrument drifts by differential chemical isotope labeling LC‐MS: A case study of the effect of LC leak in long‐term sample runs on quantitative metabolome analysis
Authors: Chen Deying , Zhao Shuang , Han Wei , Lo Elvis , Su Xiaoling , Li Liang , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetabolomics study of a biological system often involves the analysis of many comparative samples over a period of several days or weeks. This process of long‐term sample runs can encounter unexpected instrument drifts such as small leaks in liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), degradation of column performance, and MS signal intensity change. A robust analytical method should ideally tolerate these instrumental drifts as much as possible. In this work, we report a case study to demonstrate the high tolerance of differential chemical isotope labeling (CIL) LC‐MS method for quantitative metabolome analysis. In a study of using a rat model to examine the metabolome changes during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease development and treatment, over 468 samples were analyzed over a period of 15 days in three batches. During the sample runs, a small leak in LC was discovered after a batch of analyses was completed. Reanalysis of these samples was not an option as sample amounts were limited. To overcome the problem caused by the small leak, we applied a method of retention time correction to the LC‐MS data to align peak pairs from different runs with different degrees of leak, followed by peak ratio calculation and analysis. Herein, we illustrate that using 12C‐/13C‐peak pair intensity values in CIL LC‐MS as a measurement of concentration changes in different samples could tolerate the signal drifts, while using the absolute intensity values (ie, 12C‐peak as in conventional LC‐MS) was not as reliable. We hope that the case study illustrated and the method of overcoming the small‐leak‐caused signal drifts can be helpful to others who may encounter this kind of situation in long‐term sample runs.
Using electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry to explore formation and gas‐phase chemistry of silver nanoclusters generated from the reaction of silver salts with NaBH4 in the presence of bis(diphenylarsino)methane
Authors: Ma Howard Z. , McKay Alasdair I. , Canty Allan J. , O’Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) of mixtures of AgBF4 or AgNO3 with the capping ligand bis(diphenylarsino)methane ((Ph2As)2CH2 = dpam) in a solution of acetonitrile revealed the formation of the following cations: [Ag(CH3CN)(dpam)]+, [Ag(dpam)2]+, [Ag2(Cl)(dpam)2]+, and [Ag3(Cl)2(dpam)3]+. Addition of NaBH4 to these solutions results in the formation of the cluster cations [Ag2(BH4)(dpam)2]+, [Ag2(BH4)(dpam)3]+, [Ag3(H)(BH4)(dpam)3]+, [Ag3(BH4)2(dpam)3]+, [Ag3(H)(Cl)(dpam)3]+, and [Ag3(I)(BH4)(dpam)3]+, as established by ESI‐MS. Use of NaBD4 confirmed that borohydride is the source of the hydride in these clusters. An Orbitrap Fusion LUMOS mass spectrometer was used to explore the gas‐phase unimolecular chemistry of selected clusters via multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) experiments employing low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (HCD) experiments. The borohydride containing clusters fragment via two competing pathways: (i) ligand loss and (ii) B–H bond activation involving BH3 loss. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to calculate the energetics of the optimized structures for all precursor ions, fragment ions, and neutrals and to estimate the reaction endothermicities. Generally, there is reasonable agreement between the most abundant product ion formed and the predicted endothermicity of the associated reaction channel. The DFT calculations predicted that the novel dimer [Ag2(BH4)(dpam)2]+ has a paddlewheel structure in which the dpam and BH4− ligands bridge both silver centers.
Implementation of a multiple‐fraction concatenation strategy in an online two‐dimensional high‐/low‐pH reversed‐phase/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography platform for qualitative and quantitative shotgun proteomic analyses
Authors: Law Henry C.H. , Kong Ricky P.W. , Li Mengzhu , Szeto Samuel S.W. , Chu Ivan K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultidimensional liquid chromatography is the mainstay separation technique used for shotgun proteomic analyses. The application of a multiple‐fraction concatenation (MFC) strategy can result in a more disperse and consistent peptide elution profile across different fractions, when compared with a conventional strategy. Herein, we present the first automated online RP‐RP platform implementing an MFC strategy to facilitate robust, unattended, routine proteomic analyses. The improved duty cycle utilization of the MFC strategy led to an increase of 9% in the separation space occupancy and increases of approximately 10% in the identification of both proteins and peptides. The peptides uniquely identified by the MFC strategy were significantly biased toward those of acidic nature, with increased precursor signals leading to improved MS/MS spectral quality and enhanced acidic peptide identification. These improvements in qualitative analysis using the MFC strategy were also extended to quantitative analysis. When the acquired proteome was quantified with a normalized spectral abundance factor, the additionally acquired acidic peptides were a critical factor leading to enhanced reproducibility of quantitation using the MFC strategy. With merits of superior qualitative and quantitative characteristics over the conventional strategy, the MFC strategy appears to be a highly amenable technique for enhancing the separation capacity for routine proteomic analyses.
Using Latent Class Analysis to Support the ICD‐11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in a Sample of Homeless Adults
Authors: Armstrong Renée , Phillips Lisa , Alkemade Nathan , Louise O'Donnell Meaghan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11), ratified at the World Health Assembly in May 2019, introduced revised diagnostic guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a separate diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD). We aimed to test the new ICD‐11 symptom structure for PTSD and CPTSD in a sample of individuals who have experienced homelessness. Experiences of trauma exposure and the associated mental health outcomes have been underresearched in this population. A sample of adults experiencing homelessness (N = 206) completed structured and semi‐structured interviews that collected information about trauma exposure and symptoms of PTSD and CPTSD. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) using six symptom clusters (three PTSD symptom clusters that are components of CPTSD and three CPTSD symptom clusters). All participants reported trauma exposure, with 88.6% having experienced at least one event before 16 years of age. Four distinct classes of participants emerged in relation to the potential to meet the diagnosis: LCA CPTSD (n = 122, 59.8%), LCA no diagnosis (n = 27: 13.2%), LCA PTSD (n = 33; 16.2%), and LCA disturbance in self‐organization (DSO; n = 22; 10.8%). Of note, participants with an ICD‐11 CPTSD as well as those with an ICD‐11 PTSD diagnosis fell into the LCA CPTSD class. Our findings provide some support for the distinction between CPTSD and PTSD within this population specifically but potentially have broader implications. Clear diagnoses will allow targeted PTSD and CPTSD treatment development.
Polyion Complex Micelles for Protein Delivery Benefit from Flexible Hydrophobic Spacers in the Binding Group
Authors: Li Kecheng , Chen Fan , Wang Yiping , Stenzel Martina H. , Chapman Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough a range of polymer–protein polyion complex (PIC) micelle systems have been developed in the literature, relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of polymer structure on the assembly, or to the mechanism of disassembly. In this work, Förster resonance energy transfer is used in combination with light sheet fluorescence microscopy and isothermal calorimetry to monitor the formation and stability of PIC micelles with various carboxylic‐acid‐based binding blocks in MCF‐7 cancer spheroid models. All micelles are stable in the presence of free protein, but are unstable in solutions with an ionic strength >200 mm and prone to disassembly at reduced pH. Introducing carbon spacers between the backbone and the binding carboxylic acid results in improved PIC micelle stability at physiological pH, but also increases the pKa of the binding moiety, resulting in improved protein release upon cell uptake. These results give important insights into how to tune PIC micelle stability for controlled protein release in biological environments.
Catalytic Halogen Exchange in Miniemulsion ARGET ATRP: A Pathway to Well‐Controlled Block Copolymers
Authors: Wang Yi , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHalogen exchange in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an efficient way to chain‐extend from a less active macroinitiator (MI) to a more active monomer. This has been previously achieved by using CuCl/L in the equimolar amount to Pn−Br MI in the chain extension step. However, this approach cannot be effectively applied in systems based on regeneration of activators (ARGET ATRP), since they operate with ppm amounts of catalysts. Herein, a catalytic halogen exchange procedure is reported using a catalytic amount of Cu in miniemulsion ARGET ATRP to chain‐extend from a less active poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) MI to a more active methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. Influence of different reagents on the initiation efficiency and dispersity is studied. Addition of 0.1 m NaCl or tetraethylammonium chloride to ATRP of MMA initiated by methyl 2‐bromopropionate leads to high initiation efficiency and polymers with low dispersity. The optimized conditions are then employed in chain extension of PBA MI with MMA to prepare diblock and triblock copolymers.
Micromorphology and nanomechanical characteristics of sputtered aluminum thin films
Authors: Mwema F.M. , Akinlabi E.T. , Oladijo O.P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicromorphology and nanoindentation properties of sputtered aluminum thin films are presented. The field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation results are presented for films prepared at a substrate temperature ranging between 44.5 °C and 100 °C. A multifractal approach on the microstructure is presented to comprehend the micromorphology of the films. The roughness decreases, whereas fractal dimension increases as the temperature increases. The hardness and Young's modulus do not exhibit any predictable trend. Hardness and Young's modulus exhibit a linear relationship.
Lifetime treatment of DSM‐IV mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey
Authors: Al‐Subaie Abdullah S. , Altwaijri Yasmin A. , Al‐Habeeb Abdulhameed , Bilal Lisa , Almeharish Amani , Sampson Nancy A. , Liu Howard , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate lifetime treatment rates of mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS).MethodsThe SNMHS is a face‐to‐face community epidemiological survey in a nationally representative household sample of citizens ages 15–65 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (n = 4,004). The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to produce estimates of lifetime prevalence and treatment of common DSM‐IV mental disorders.ResultsLifetime treatment ranged from 52.2% for generalized anxiety disorder to 20.3% for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, had a median (interquartile range) of 35.5% (30.6–39.5%) across disorders, and was 28.3% for people with any lifetime DSM‐IV/CIDI disorder. Half (49.0%) of patients received treatment in the mental health specialty sector, 35.9% in the general medical sector, 35.2% in the human services sector, and 15.7% in the complementary‐alternative medical sector. Median (interquartile range) delays in help‐seeking after disorder onset among respondents who already sought treatment were 8 (3–15) years. Odds of seeking treatment are positively related to age‐of‐onset and comorbidity.ConclusionsUnmet need for treatment of lifetime mental disorders is a major problem in KSA. Interventions to ensure prompt help‐seeking are needed to reduce the burdens and hazards of untreated mental disorders.
Do self‐reports of procrastination predict actual behavior?
Authors: Zuber Sascha , Cauvin Stéphanie , Haas Maximilian , Daviet Anne‐Sophie , Da Silva Coelho Chloé , Kliegel Matthias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesProcrastination is typically assessed via self‐report questionnaires. So far, only very few studies have examined actual procrastination behavior, providing inconclusive results regarding the real‐life validity of self‐reports in this domain. The present study aimed to examine for the first time whether participants' self‐reported procrastination can predict their actual behavior on a real‐life task.MethodsFor that purpose, we assessed self‐reported levels of procrastination [via the Pure Procrastination Scale, PPS] and actual procrastination behavior on a naturalistic task [i.e., having to send in an attendance sheet before a deadline] in 93 participants.ResultsResults show that self‐reports significantly predicted procrastination behavior. Analyses of underlying dimensions suggest that real‐life procrastination can be the result of “voluntarily delaying planned actions,” but can also have more passive causes such as “running out of time.”ConclusionsComparing our results with the available literature suggests that PPS self‐reports reflect a particularly valid tool to assess real‐life procrastination behavior. Findings are discussed in the context of strategies and mechanisms that potential interventions may target in order to reduce procrastination.
Quantitative electromyography: Normative data in paraspinal muscles
Authors: Jeppesen Tina D. , Levison Lotte , Codeluppi Luca , Krarup Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative electromyography of paraspinal muscle is a valuable diagnostic tool, but normative data are lacking.MethodsNeedle electromyography (EMG) was obtained in 65 healthy subjects (49% men, 51% women) aged 21 to 82 years at C7, Th10, and L5 segments bilaterally. The incidence of spontaneous activity; motor unit potential (MUP) amplitudes, durations, and the incidence of polyphasic potentials; and the recruitment pattern at maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of fibrillation potentials was similar to limb muscles. The mean MUP duration and amplitude, and the amplitude at MVC increased caudally, while the incidence of polyphasic potentials was similar at all levels. EMG parameters did not correlate with sex or age.ConclusionsIn contrast to limb muscles, EMG parameters did not change with age, while polyphasic potentials were more frequent in paraspinal muscle than in limb muscles. The EMG gradient suggests larger motor units at more caudal segments.
Cross‐sectional area reference values of the median nerve at the palm using ultrasound
Authors: Jain Nikita , Cortez‐Garcia Eduardo , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe most common neuromuscular ultrasound abnormality in carpal tunnel syndrome is enlargement of the median nerve near the distal wrist crease, but sometimes the median nerve enlarges in the palm, just distal to the transverse carpal ligament. This study was conducted to devise a protocol for measuring the median nerve in the palm and to generate reference values for nerve cross‐sectional area at this site.MethodsA systematic protocol was developed, 30 healthy individuals underwent ultrasound of the median nerve in the palm bilaterally, and cross‐sectional area was recorded.ResultsThe mean cross‐sectional area of the median nerve at the palm was between 11.4 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI] [10.4,12.4]) and 11.6 mm2 (95%CI [10.6,12.6]).ConclusionsThe median nerve can be measured just distal to the hook of the hamate in the palm, and the mean cross‐sectional area at this site is slightly larger than it is at the distal wrist crease.