bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cardiac output and cardiac index values measured by critical care echocardiography with the values measured by pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) in the pediatric intensive care unit:a preliminary study
Authors: Aslan Nagehan , Yildizdas Dincer , Horoz Ozden Ozgur , Coban Yasemin , Demir Fadli , Erdem Sevcan , Sertdemir Yasar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Planning optimal fluid and inotrope-vasopressor-inodilator therapy is essential in critically ill children. Pulse index Contour Cardiac Output (PiCCO) monitoring is an invasive, hemodynamic monitor that provides parameter measurements such as cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI). Use of ultrasonography and critical care echocardiography by the pediatric intensivists has increased in recent years. In the hands of an experienced pediatric intensivist, critical echocardiography can accurately measure both CO and CI. Our objective in this study is to compare the CO and CI values measured by pediatric intensivist using critical care echocardiography to the values measured by PiCCO monitor in critically ill pediatric patients.

Methods
A prospective observational study from a tertiary university hospital PICU. A total of 15 patients who required advanced hemodynamic monitoring and applied PiCCO monitoring were included the study. The diagnosis of patients were septic shock, cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema. Forty nine echocardiographic measurements were performed and from 15 patients. All echocardiographic measurements were performed by a pediatric intensive care fellow experienced in cardiac ultrasound. The distance of left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) in the parasternal long axis and LVOT-Velocity Time Integral (LVOT-VTI) measurement was performed in the apical five chamber image. Cardiac output_echocardiography (CO_echo) and CI_echocardiography (CI_echo) were calculated using these two measurements. PiCCO (PiCCO, Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany) monitoring was performed. Cardiac output (CO_picco) and CI (CI_picco) were simultaneously measured by PiCCO monitor and echocardiography. We performed a correlation analysis with this 49 echocardiographic measurements and PiCCO measurements.

Results
We detected a strong positive correlation between CO_echo and CO_picco measurements (p < 0.001, r = 0.985) and a strong positive correlation between CI_echo and CI_picco measurements (p < 0.001, r = 0.943).

Conclusions
Our study results suggest that critical care echocardiography measurement of CO and CI performed by an experienced pediatric intensivist are comparable to PiCCO measurements. The critical care echocardiography measurement can be used to guide fluid and vasoactive-inotropic management of critically ill pediatric patients.
Novel insights into salinity-induced lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in the oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: a multi-omics study
Authors: Mao Xuemei , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaofei , Liu Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChromochloris zofingiensis, a freshwater alga capable of synthesizing both triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, has been receiving increasing attention as a leading candidate producer. While the mechanism of oleaginousness and/or carotenogenesis has been studied under such induction conditions as nitrogen deprivation, high light and glucose feeding, it remains to be elucidated in response to salt stress, a condition critical for reducing freshwater footprint during algal production processes.ResultsFirstly, the effect of salt concentrations on growth, lipids and carotenoids was examined forC. zofingiensis, and 0.2 M NaCl demonstrated to be the optimal salt concentration for maximizing both TAG and astaxanthin production. Then, the time-resolved lipid and carotenoid profiles and comparative transcriptomes and metabolomes were generated in response to the optimized salt concentration for congruent analysis. A global response was triggered inC. zofingiensisallowing acclimation to salt stress, including photosynthesis impairment, ROS build-up, protein turnover, starch degradation, and TAG and astaxanthin accumulation. The lipid metabolism involved a set of stimulated biological pathways that contributed to carbon precursors, energy and reductant molecules, pushing and pulling power, and storage sink for TAG accumulation. On the other hand, salt stress suppressed lutein biosynthesis, stimulated astaxanthin biosynthesis (mainly via ketolation), yet had little effect on total carotenoid flux, leading to astaxanthin accumulation at the expense of lutein. Astaxanthin was predominantly esterified and accumulated in a well-coordinated manner with TAG, pointing to the presence of common regulators and potential communication for the two compounds. Furthermore, the comparison between salt stress and nitrogen deprivation conditions revealed distinctions in TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis as well as critical genes with engineering potential.ConclusionsOur multi-omics data and integrated analysis shed light on the salt acclimation ofC. zofingiensisand underlying mechanisms of TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis, provide engineering implications into future trait improvements, and will benefit the development of this alga for production uses under saline environment, thus reducing the footprint of freshwater.
The relationship between severity of liver steatosis and metabolic parameters in a sample of Iranian adults
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Saghafi-Asl Maryam , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Ostadrahimi Alireza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the relationship between severity of liver steatosis and metabolic parameters in a sample of Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 95 subjects aged > 20 years newly diagnosed with NAFLD were recruited. NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasonography by a single expert radiologist in a fasting state.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 49.27 (SD 9.7) years, with 53.68% males and 46.32% females. Most patients had grade I NAFLD (72.63%), 25.26% were grade II, and 2.11% were grade III on ultrasonography. With increasing severity of liver steatosis, there were statistically significant increases in mean body mass index (P = 0.001), serum triglycerides (P = 0.026), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.001), and fasting blood sugar (P = 0.041), and there was a statistically significant decrease in mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.011). However, no association was found between severity of liver steatosis and serum total cholesterol (P = 0.271), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.341), and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.234). In conclusion, the severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis was significantly associated with abnormal metabolic parameters.
A numerical investigation of Caputo time fractional Allen–Cahn equation using redefined cubic B-spline functions
Authors: Khalid Nauman , Abbas Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Kashif , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a collocation approach based on redefined cubic B-spline (RCBS) functions and finite difference formulation to study the approximate solution of time fractional Allen–Cahn equation (ACE). We discretize the time fractional derivative of order $\alpha\in(0,1]$α∈(0,1] by using finite forward difference formula and bring RCBS functions into action for spatial discretization. We find that the numerical scheme is of order $O(h^{2}+\Delta t^{2-\alpha})$O(h2+Δt2−α) and unconditionally stable. We test the computational efficiency of the proposed method through some numerical examples subject to homogeneous/nonhomogeneous boundary constraints. The simulation results show a superior agreement with the exact solution as compared to those found in the literature.
On fractional hybrid and non-hybrid multi-term integro-differential inclusions with three-point integral hybrid boundary conditions
Authors: Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram , Samei Mohammad Esmael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions for two nonlinear fractional multi-term integro-differential inclusions in two hybrid and non-hybrid versions. The boundary value conditions are in the form of three-point integral hybrid conditions. In this way, we define a new operator based on the integral solution of the given boundary value inclusion problem and then we use assumptions of a Dhage’s fixed point result for this fractional operator in the hybrid case. Also, the approximate endpoint property is applied for the corresponding set-valued maps in the non-hybrid case. Finally, we provide two examples to illustrate our main results.
Changes in smoking patterns after HIV diagnosis or antiretroviral treatment initiation: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nansseu Jobert Richie , Tounouga Dalhia Noelle , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Bigna Jean Joel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Tobacco consumption is more life-threatening in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than within the general population; therefore, people living with HIV (PLWH) should be highly motivated to take action towards quitting smoking at or after HIV diagnosis. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to investigate changes in smoking habits among PLWH over time.

Main text
We considered prospective and retrospective cohort studies including PLWH aged 15 years and above, which have measured the prevalence of tobacco smoking (current, former or never) at study initiation and completion, and published between January 1, 2000 and April 15, 2018 without language or geographical restriction. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Africa Journal Online, and Global Index Medicus. We used a random-effects model to pool data. Nine studies were included. The proportion of current and former smokers decreased slightly over time, around 2.5 and 3.8%, respectively. However, the proportion of never smokers decreased sharply by 22.5%, and there were 2.1 and 1.5% PLWH who shifted from never and former smoking to current smoking, respectively. On the other hand, 10.5% PLWH shifted from current to former smoking, 7.1% tried to quit tobacco consumption but failed, and 10.1% stayed in the “never smoking” category over time.

Conclusions
PLWH seem not to change positively their smoking habits towards quitting tobacco consumption. There is urgent need to increase actions aimed at helping this vulnerable population to quit tobacco consumption, including individually tailored therapeutic education, psychosocial and pharmacologic supports.
Evaluating the exchange rate and commodity price nexus in Malaysia: evidence from the threshold cointegration approach
Authors: Butt Shamaila , Ramakrishnan Suresh , Loganathan Nanthakumar , Chohan Muhammad Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the long- and short-run dynamics of asymmetric adjustment between the nominal exchange rate and commodity prices, namely oil, palm oil, rubber, and natural gas prices, in Malaysia using monthly data from January 1994 to December 2017. The relationship between exchange rate and each commodity price is examined in terms of Engle-Granger and threshold cointegrations. The estimated results provide evidence of long-run threshold cointegration and show that the adjustments towards the long-run equilibrium position are asymmetric in the short run. Furthermore, this study finds evidence of a unidirectional causal relationship running from the nominal exchange rate to oil price in the long and short run using a spectral frequency domain causality application. There is also empirical evidence of bidirectional causality between the nominal exchange rate and palm oil price, rubber price, and natural gas price in the long and short run. Overall, the findings have significant implications for the current debate on the future of primary commodities in Malaysia.
Investigation of the gene co-expression network and hub genes associated with acute mountain sickness
Authors: Chang Yue , He Jiange , Tang Jiqiang , Chen Kai , Wang Zhenguo , Xia Qun , Li Hai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute mountain sickness has become a heavily researched topic in recent years. However, the genetic mechanism and effects have not been elucidated. Our goal is to construct a gene co-expression network to identify the key modules and hub genes associated with high altitude hypoxia.

Results
The GSE46480 dataset of rapidly transported healthy adults with acute mountain sickness was selected and analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct a co-expression network. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the data set were carried out using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and the hub genes were selected. We found that the turquoise module was most significantly correlated with acute mountain sickness. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the turquoise module was related to the apoptotic process, protein transport, and translation processes. The metabolic pathway analysis identified hsa03010:ribosome and hsa04144:endocytosis as the most important pathways in the turquoise module. Ten top 10 hub genes (MRPL3, PSMC6, AIMP1, HAT1, DPY30, ATP5L, COX7B, UQCRB, DPM1, and COMMD6) for acute mountain sickness were identified.

Conclusion
One module and 10 hub genes were identified, which were related to acute mountain sickness. The reference provided by this module may help to elucidate the mechanism of acute mountain sickness. In addition, the hub genes may be used in the future as a biomarker and therapeutic target for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
A hemodialysis patient with Mycobacterium avium complex pericarditis in which remarkable presepsin elevation was not accompanied by procalcitonin elevation
Authors: Shiota Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The application of presepsin for diagnosing infections in hemodialysis (HD) patients has not been confirmed yet. In addition, whether presepsin can detect atypical mycobacterial infection or not remains unknown.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 66-year-old male HD patient with pericardial tamponade. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was identified from a culture of pericardial effusion. The patient showed a clinical improvement after approximately 1 year without the administration of antibiotics. Remarkably, high plasma presepsin values were observed without an increase in serum procalcitonin values. The patient’s presepsin values decreased after the treatment of MAC induced pericarditis.

Conclusions
We found a HD patient with mycobacterium avium complex pericarditis with remarkable presepsin elevation unaccompanied by PCT elevation.
Tracked Foley catheter for motion compensation during fusion image-guided prostate procedures: a phantom study
Authors: Hale Graham R. , Pesapane Filippo , Xu Sheng , Bakhutashvili Ivane , Glossop Neil , Turkbey Baris , Pinto Peter A. , Wood Bradford J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Uncorrected patient or prostate motion may impair targeting prostate areas during fusion image-guided procedures. We evaluated if a prototype “tracked Foley catheter” (TFC) could maintain fusion image alignment after simulated organ motion.

Methods
A pelvic phantom model underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the prostate was segmented. The TFC was placed in the phantom. MRI/ultrasound (US) fusion was performed. Four trials were performed varying motion and TFC presence/absence: (1) TFC/no-motion, (2) TFC/motion, (3) no-TFC/no-motion, and (4) no-TFC/motion. To quantify image alignment, screen captures generated Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and offset distances (ODs) (maximal US-to-MRI distance between edges on fusion images). Three anatomical targets were identified for placement of a needle under fusion guidance. A computed tomography scan was used to measure system error (SE), i.e., the distance from needle tip to intended target.

Results
The TFC presence improved MRI/US alignment by DSC 0.88, 0.88, 0.74, and 0.61 in trials 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Both OD (trial 2 versus trial 4, 4.85 ± 1.60 versus 25.29 ± 6.50 mm, p < 0.001) and SE (trial 2 versus trial 4, 6.35 ± 1.31 versus 32.16 ± 6.50 mm, p < 0.005) were significantly lower when the TFC was present after artificial motion, and significantly smaller OD when static (trial 1 versus trial 3, 4.29 ± 1.24 versus 6.42 ± 2.29 mm, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
TFC provided better image alignment with or without simulated motion. This may overcome system limitations, allowing for more accurate fusion image alignment during fusion-guided biopsy, ablation, or robotic prostatectomy.
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Induction Therapy and Risk-Adapted Maintenance Approach in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Joseph Nisha S. , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Hofmeister Craig C. , Almaula Dhwani K. , Heffner Leonard T. , Gupta Vikas A. , Boise Lawrence H. , Lonial Sagar , Nooka Ajay K. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE The combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) is a highly effective and convenient induction regimen for both transplantation-eligible and -ineligible patients with myeloma. Here, we present the largest cohort of patients consecutively treated with RVD induction therapy followed by risk-adapted maintenance therapy with the longest follow-up and important information on long-term outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe 1,000 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed myeloma treated with RVD induction therapy from January 2007 until August 2016. Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes data were obtained from our institutional review board–approved myeloma database. Responses and progression were evaluated per International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. RESULTS The overall response rate was 97.1% after induction therapy and 98.5% after transplantation, with 89.9% of patients achieving a very good partial response (VGPR) or better and 33.3% achieving stringent complete response after transplantation at a median follow-up time of 67 months. The estimated median progression-free survival time was 65 months (95% CI, 58.7 to 71.3 months) for the entire cohort, 40.3 months (95% CI, 33.5 to 47 months) for high-risk patients, and 76.5 months (95% CI, 66.9 to 86.2 months) for standard-risk patients. The median overall survival (OS) time for the entire cohort was 126.6 months (95% CI, 113.3 to 139.8 months). The median OS for high-risk patients was 78.2 months (95% CI, 62.2 to 94.2 months), whereas it has not been reached for standard-risk patients. Five-year OS rates for high-risk and standard-risk patients were 57% and 81%, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 29% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSION RVD is an induction regimen that delivers high response rates (VGPR or better) in close to 90% of patients after transplantation, and risk-adapted maintenance can deliver unprecedented long-term outcomes. This study includes the largest cohort of patients treated with RVD reported to date with long follow-up and demonstrates the ability of 3-drug induction regimens in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma to result in a substantial survival benefit.
Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Hemodialysis Patients With Normal Weight Obesity
Authors: Lin Ting-Yun , Wu Ping-Hsun , Lin Yi-Ting , Hung Szu-Chun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined by a normal body mass index (BMI) but increased body fat percentage (BF%), is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. NWO is characterized by inflammation and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and may play important roles in the development of NWO in CKD.

Methods
In this case-control study, we examined the gut microbial diversity and taxonomy in 96 hemodialysis patients with normal weight (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 and BF% ≤ 25% for men or ≤ 35% for women; n = 32), NWO (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 and BF% &gt; 25% for men or &gt; 35% for women; n = 32), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; n = 32), matched for age, gender, and diabetes. BF% was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results
We found that α-diversity was significantly different among the 3 adiposity phenotypes, with NWO being the least diverse. α-diversity was positively correlated with BMI, subjective global assessment score, and physical activity, but negatively correlated with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Patients with or without NWO were distinguished with respect to principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus, was markedly reduced in patients with NWO.

Conclusion
Our findings support associations between gut dysbiosis and a proinflammatory and catabolic state in hemodialysis patients with NWO.
Maturation and phenotype of pathophysiological neuronal excitability of human cells in tau-related dementia
Authors: Kopach Olga , Esteras Noemí , Wray Selina , Rusakov Dmitri A. , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism (FTDP-17) caused by the 10+16 splice-site mutation in the gene encoding microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) provides an established platform to model tau-related dementia in vitro. Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to recapitulate the neurodevelopmental profile of tau pathology during in vitro corticogenesis, as in the adult human brain. However, the neurophysiological phenotype of these cells has remained unknown, leaving unanswered questions regarding the functional relevance and the gnostic power of this disease model. In this study, we used electrophysiology to explore the membrane properties and intrinsic excitability of the generated neurons and found that human cells mature by ∼150 days of neurogenesis to become compatible with matured cortical neurons. In earlier FTDP-17, however, neurons exhibited a depolarized resting membrane potential associated with increased resistance and reduced voltage-gated Na+- and K+-channel-mediated conductance. Expression of the Nav1.6 protein was reduced in FTDP-17. These effects led to reduced cell capability of induced firing and changed the action potential waveform in FTDP-17. The revealed neuropathology might thus contribute to the clinicopathological profile of the disease. This sheds new light on the significance of human in vitro models of dementia.