COVID-19 incidence after vaccination with different types of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Berns S. A. , Chashсhin M. G. , Gorshkov A. Yu. , Zhdanova O. V. , Ryzhakova L. N. , Litinskaya O. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. 
Published: February 2025

Until now, there remains a certain interest in studying the role of booster vaccination in the formation of post-vaccination immunity against the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The variety of vaccine platforms provides the opportunity to choose them for the population and healthcare workers, and also allows taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient.Aim. To estimate the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a result of using one type of vaccine and heterologous vaccines during primary and repeated vaccination against the SARSCoV2 based on prospective follow-up data.Materialandmethods. The study was conducted within the prospective SATURN registry, which included individuals who received various subjects had acute respiratory viral infection. Within six months after the introduction of the full revaccination regimen (after visit 4), coronavirus infection was detected in one participant from group I and one participant from group III. During the subsequent follow-up period, 14 people had SARS-CoV-2 infection as follows: group I — 5, group II — 4, group III — 5 people (p>0,05). Correlation analysis revealed that parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in all three groups of vaccinated individuals revealed the relationship between the level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide IgG and the number of active T cells responding to stimulation with surface and nuclear antigens were without significant differences.Conclusion. It is worth noting that the use of a homologous regimen vaccination and revaccination regimens against the SARS-CoV-2 (Gam- COVID-Vac at both stages) and a heterologous regimen (Gam- virus (homo- and heterologous regimens) based on a combination of two vaccines: Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac. Depending on the chosen regimen, 3 following groups were formed: group I (n=106) — participants with a homologous regimen (Gam- COVID-Vac) at each stage of vaccination and revaccination; Group II (n=54) — participants with a heterologous regimen of sequential administration of Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac at the vaccination and revaccination stage; Group III (n=40) — particiants with a homologous regimen (CoviVac) at the vaccination and revaccination stage. At the first visit, all participants underwent medical history collection, examination, and identification of potential contraindications to vaccination. At each subsequent visit, the level ofanti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein immunoglobulin (Ig) G was additionally determined. At visits 1, 3, and 5, the activity of specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes to the surface and nuclear antigen of SARSCoV-2 was assessed. IgG concentration was determined using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG reagent kit, while T-cell immunity was assessed using the T Spot.COVID test system (Oxford Immunotec). Visit 1 corresponded to stage 1 of primary vaccination; visit 2 — stage 2 of primary vaccination; visit 3 (12 months after visit 1) — stage 1 of revaccination; visit 4 (21 days after visit 3) — stage 2 of revaccination; visit 5 — 18 months after primary vaccination; visit 6 — 24 months after primary vaccination. Results. The study included 200 vaccinated participants with a mean age of 46,5±13,9 years, including 99 (49,5%) men, 101 (50,5%) COVID Vac and CoviVac) demonstrated effectiveness in relation to resistance to coronavirus infection and the formation of a relatively stable level of both humoral and cellular immunity for 18 and 24 months after primary vaccination and subsequent revaccination.