bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condensates beyond the horizons
Authors: Alfaro Jorge , Espriu Domènec , Gabbanelli Luciano 
Published: June 2020

In this work we continue our previous studies concerning the possibility of the existence of a Bose–Einstein condensate in the interior of a static black hole, a possibility first advocated by Dvali and Gómez. We find that the phenomenon seems to be rather generic and it is associated to the presence of a horizon, acting as a confining potential. We extend the previous considerations to a Reissner–Nordström black hole and to the de Sitter cosmological horizon. In the latter case the use of static coordinates is essential to understand the physical picture. In order to see whether a BEC is preferred, we use the Brown–York quasilocal energy, finding that a condensate is energetically favorable in all cases in the classically forbidden region. The Brown–York quasilocal energy also allows us to derive a quasilocal potential, whose consequences we explore. Assuming the validity of this quasilocal potential allows us to suggest a possible mechanism to generate a graviton condensate in black holes. However, this mechanism appears not to be feasible in order to generate a quantum condensate behind the cosmological de Sitter horizon.
A Phase II Study of Allogeneic GM-CSF–Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX) with Ipilimumab as Maintenance Treatment for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wu Annie A. , Bever Katherine M. , Ho Won Jin , Fertig Elana J. , Niu Nan , Zheng Lei , Parkinson Rose M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Onners Beth , Ferguson Anna K. , Wilt Cara , Ko Andrew H. , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Laheru Daniel A. , Anders Robert A. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Sugar Elizabeth A. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Le Dung T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
This phase II study tested granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (GVAX) and ipilimumab in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in the maintenance setting.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with PDA who were treated with front-line chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) in the metastatic setting and had ongoing response or stable disease after 8–12 doses were eligible. Patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment with GVAX and ipilimumab given every 3 weeks for four doses then every 8 weeks (Arm A) or to FOLFIRINOX continuation (Arm B). The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between the two arms.

Results:
Eighty-two patients were included in the final analysis (Arm A: 40; Arm B: 42). The study was stopped for futility after interim analysis. Median OS was 9.38 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0–12.2] for Arm A and 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.6–20.0) for Arm B (HR, 1.75; P = 0.019). Using immune-related response criteria, two partial responses (5.7%) were observed in Arm A and four (13.8%) in Arm B. GVAX + ipilimumab promoted T-cell differentiation into effector memory phenotypes both in the periphery and in the tumor microenvironment and increased M1 macrophages in the tumor.

Conclusions:
GVAX and ipilimumab maintenance therapy did not improve OS over continuation of chemotherapy and resulted in a numerically inferior survival in metastatic PDA. However, clinical responses and biological effects on immune cells were observed. Further study of novel combinations in the maintenance treatment of metastatic PDA is feasible.
U.S. Phase I First-in-human Study of Taletrectinib (DS-6051b/AB-106), a ROS1/TRK Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Borazanci Erkut , Shaw Alice T. , Katayama Ryohei , Shimizu Yuki , Zhu Viola W. , Sun Thomas Yang , Wakelee Heather A. , Madison Russell , Schrock Alexa B. , Senaldi Giorgio , Nakao Naoki , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Tachibana Masaya , Isoyama Takeshi , Nakamaru Kenji , Deng Chenhui , Li Meijing , Fan Frank , Zhao Qinying , Gao Yanfei , Seto Takashi , Jänne Pasi A. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Taletrectinib (DS-6051b/AB-106) is an oral, tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ROS1 and NTRK with potent preclinical activity against ROS1 G2032R solvent-front mutation among others. We report the first-in-human U.S. phase I results of taletrectinib.

Patients and Methods:
Patients ≥18 years old with neuroendocrine tumors, with tumor-induced pain, or tumors harboring ROS1/NTRK rearrangements were eligible. Accelerated titration followed by modified continuous reassessment method and escalation with overdose control was used (50–1,200 mg once daily or 400 mg twice daily). Primary objectives were safety/tolerability, and MTD determination. Secondary objectives were food-effect pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity.

Results:
A total of 46 patients were enrolled. Steady-state peak concentration (Cmax) and exposure (AUC0-8) increased dose dependently from 50-mg to 800-mg once-daily doses. The ratio of the geometric mean of AUC0-24 between low-fat-diet-fed/fasted state was 123% (90% confidence interval, 104%–149%). Dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 transaminases increase) occurred in two patients (1,200-mg once-daily dose). MTD was 800 mg once daily. Most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea (47.8%), diarrhea (43.5%), and vomiting (32.6%). Pain score reductions were observed in the 800-mg once-daily dose cohort. Confirmed objective response rate was 33.3% among the six patients with RECIST-evaluable crizotinib-refractory ROS1+ NSCLC. One patient with TPM3-NTRK1 differentiated thyroid cancer achieving a confirmed partial response of 27 months at data cutoff. We identified a cabozantinib-sensitive ROS1 L2086F as an acquired taletrectinib-resistance mutation.

Conclusions:
Taletrectinib has manageable toxicities at the MTD of 800 mg daily. Preliminary efficacy was observed in patients with crizotinib-refractory ROS1+ NSCLC.
Woody species diversity from proposed ecologically sensitive area of northern Western Ghats: implications for biodiversity management
Authors: Tadwalkar M. , Joglekar A. , Mhaskar Monali , Patwardhan A. 
Published: June 2020

The Western Ghats of India support an array of tropical forests ranging from wet evergreen to scrub formations. Several endemic and threatened plant species are located in areas other than protected areas (PAs). There is an urgent need to understand species diversity in areas other than PAs, for effective management of tropical forests. In this context, reserve forests and informal PAs of Amboli from northern Western Ghats have been investigated. Woody species composition, diversity, and stand structure were assessed by laying quadrats and transects (n=46, area=2.575ha) in closed and open canopy forest patches covering habitat heterogeneity and environmental gradient of the area. A total of 2,224 individuals (of 87 species, 68 genera, and 35 families) was enumerated. Memecylon umbellatum, Syzygium cumini, and Diospyros nigrescens were found to be the most dominant species as per importance value index. Melastomataceae was the most dominant family as per family importance value, whereas Euphorbiaceae and Rutaceae were the most speciose. Fourteen IUCN Red List assessed species and 18 species endemic to the Western Ghats were encountered. Endemic species accounted for nearly 20% of the total number of individuals sampled. Demographic profile exhibited reverse ‘J’ pattern. Average basal area was 27.02m2 per hectare. Woody species diversity of Amboli forests was found comparable with other PAs from northern Western Ghats. Amboli and the adjoining area have been proposed as ecologically sensitive and in the wake of anthropogenic and developmental pressures they experience, it calls for urgent conservation attention.
DNA barcode reveals the occurrence of Palearctic Olepa schleini Witt et al., 2005 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from peninsular India with morphological variations and a new subspecies
Authors: Kalawate Aparna Sureshchandra , Shital Pawara  , A. Shabnam  , K.P. Dinesh  
Published: June 2020

The present study was taken up to report a new record of the tiger moth genus, Olepa Watson, 1980 from India along with the discovery of a new subspecies. Earlier the genus was thought to have restricted distribution range in South and South-East Asia until the report of O. schleini Witt, Müller, Kravchenko, Miller, Hausmann & Speidel from the Mediterranean Coastal Plain of Israel in 2005. The species identification and the new subspecies is proposed based on the combination of morphological studies, available literature comparisons, geographical distribution, DNA barcoding and its phylogeny. Morphological character crypticity and genital structure variations are well documented in the genus with ‘bio-species’ groups. DNA Barcoding data of mt COI has provided some resolution in sorting the problems of ‘bio-species’ groups of the genus in the past studies. In the present study, with the available mt DNA COI barcodes and newly generated barcodes genetic identity is confirmed for the species O. ricini, O. schleini, O. toulgoeti and Olepa schleini chandrai ssp. nov., with their phylogenetic relationships. Morphological variations within the O. schleini species complex are discussed with a new record of the species for India and a new subspecies description. With the first mt COI barcode phylogeny for the genus, comments are made on the taxonomic identity of the mt COI DNA barcodes available in the GenBank for the Olepa species from India.
A new report on mixed species association between Nilgiri Langurs Semnopithecus johnii and Tufted Grey Langurs S. priam (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Nag Chetan 
Published: June 2020

Phylogenetic conservatism or rapid anthropogenic habitat modifications could increase the incidences of interspecific associations of Hanuman and Nilgiri langurs (Family: Cercopithecidae, subfamily: Colobinae) in the southern Western Ghats. Opportunistic surveys were conducted at the Silent Valley National Park, Kerala and around Devimalai Ghats, Tamil Nadu for Tufted Grey-Nilgiri Langur association. Based on the observations from Researchers, field assistants, forest staff, and local people, the data in terms of the time of the sighting, number of individuals, phenotypes of individuals, and the time the interaction lasted, were recorded. The study reports data on a troop of Nilgiri Langurs (N=13) around O Valley tea estate at Devimalai Ghat, Gudalur, Tamil Nadu with some hybrid looking individuals and a Tufted female Grey Langur amongst them. A total of six and two uni-male troops of Nilgiri Langurs and grey langurs respectively with Tufted female Grey Langurs, and aberrant coat colored infants observed at the Neelikkal section of Silent Valley National Park are also reported. The study reasonably speculates that there could be more such locations in the southern western ghats and emphasizes the need for more systematic surveys to understand and explore the ecology, behavior, molecular, and other likely factors contributing to the conservation of vulnerable Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) populations.
The perceptions of high school students on the habitat of the crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ucididae) in northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Quintanilha Ribeiro Laiza Fernanda , De Oliveira Côrtes Laura Helena , Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira 
Published: June 2020

The study evaluated the perceptions of high school students (15 to 22 years old) on the value and ecosystem services (ES) provided by mangroves in the Paraíba do Sul River estuary, which is the habitat of the crab Ucides cordatus in northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. One of the schools, Colégio Estadual Ercilia Muylaert de Menezes (CEEMM), is located in a rural area close to the mangroves, while the other school, Colégio Estadual Benta Pereira (CEBP), is located in an urban area 50km from the mangroves. The CEEMM students (n= 62) mainly attributed economic value to the ecosystem, while the CEBP students (n= 67) attributed ecological value. Students of both schools recognize the provision of services relating to commercial fishing of the crab U. cordatus as the main ES provided by the mangroves. The value of direct use (crab fishing) can encourage ecosystem conservation, however, it should not be the only resource considered for this purpose. We recommend that both schools implement environmental education activities to consolidate student knowledge about mangrove dynamics and its importance as an environment that supports and regulates coastal areas.
The niche of shrimp stocks (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) from southeastern Brazil: a stable isotope approach
Authors: De Aquino Ferreira Keltony , Rabello Monteiro Leandro , Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira 
Published: June 2020

The penaeid shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri is the second most important species of crustacean in Brazilian fisheries. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are chemical proxies to provide quantitative information about the consumer isotopic niche, which is associated with its feeding ecology and ecological niche in the environment. This study evaluated the niche dimensions of X. kroyeri from different stocks through stable isotopes determinations. Shrimps were sampled in four fishing areas from southeastern Brazil (Vitória and Anchieta, in Espírito Santo State, and Atafona and Farol de São Tomé, in Rio de Janeiro State). The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were determined in the abdominal muscle. Quantitative metrics of the isotopic niche estimated the trophic diversity and trophic redundancy among stocks. Shrimp stocks from Espírito Santo State had highest trophic diversity, indicating greater variety of food sources and wider utilization of the available food sources. The shrimps from Rio de Janeiro State had highest trophic redundancy, revealing a more homogeneous dietary pattern. The isotopic niche approach allowed the discrimination of X. kroyeri stocks distributed in southeastern Brazil, and the results will be helpful to assist fisheries management.
Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India
Authors: Ganesh S.R. , S. Bhupathy , P. Karthik  , Babu Rao  , S. Babu  
Published: June 2020

We list the herpetological voucher specimens in the holdings of the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), a wildlife research institute in India. Most of the collections are the fruition of fieldwork by SACON’s herpetologist and a coauthor of this work—late Dr. Subramanian Bhupathy (1963–2014). Taxonomically, the collection represents 125 species, comprising 29 amphibian species belonging to eight families and 96 reptilian species belonging to 17 families. Geographically, the material in this collection originates from the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats, the Deccan Plateau, and the Coromandel Coast, comprehensively covering all ecoregions of peninsular India. A total of 15 taxa (three amphibians, 12 reptiles) remain to be fully identified and are provisionally referred to most-resembling taxa, with cf. prefix. All the specimens in this collection are non-types as on date.
NAADP/SERCA3-Dependent Ca
2+
Stores Pathway Specifically Controls Early Autocrine ADP Secretion Potentiating Platelet Activation
Authors: Feng Miao , Elaïb Ziane , Borgel Delphine , Denis Cécile V. , Adam Frédéric , Bryckaert Marijke , Rosa Jean-Philippe , Bobe Régis 
Published: June 2020

Rationale:

Ca
2+
signaling is a key and ubiquitous actor of cell organization and its modulation controls many cellular responses. SERCAs (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
-ATPases) pump Ca
2+
into internal stores that play a major role in the cytosolic Ca
2+
concentration rise upon cell activation. Platelets exhibit 2 types of SERCAs, SERCA2b and SERCA3 (SERCA3 deficient mice), which may exert specific roles, yet ill-defined. We have recently shown that Ca
2+
mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores was required for full platelet activation in weak stimulation conditions.

Objective:

To uncover the signaling mechanisms associated with Ca
2+
mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores leading to ADP secretion.

Methods and Results:

Using platelets from wild-type or
Serca3
-deficient mice, we demonstrated that an early (within 5–10 s following stimulation) secretion of ADP specifically dependent on SERCA3 stored Ca
2+
is exclusively mobilized by nicotinic acid adenosine dinucleotide-phosphate (NAADP): both Ca
2+
mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion are blocked by the NAADP receptor antagonist Ned-19, and reciprocally both are stimulated by permeant NAADP. In contrast, Ca
2+
mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion were unaffected by inhibition of the production of IP3 (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate) by phospholipase-C and accordingly were not stimulated by permeant IP3.

Conclusions:

Upon activation, an NAADP/SERCA3 Ca
2+
mobilization pathway initiates an early ADP secretion, potentiating platelet activation, and a secondary wave of ADP secretion driven by both an IP3/SERCA2b-dependent Ca
2+
stores pathway and the NAADP/SERCA3 pathway. This does not exclude that Ca
2+
mobilized from SERCA3 stores may also enhance platelet global reactivity to agonists. Because of its modulating effect on platelet activation, this NAADP-SERCA3 pathway may be a relevant target for anti-thrombotic therapy.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Impact of Infection on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Jie , Yalkun Gulbahram , Wang Meng , Wang Anxin , Wangqin Runqi , Zhang Xiaoli , Chen Zimo , Mo Jinglin , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Li Zixiao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Infection occurs commonly in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the association of infection with short- and long-term risk of recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods:
Data were derived from ischemic stroke patients in 2 stroke registries: the CSCA (Chinese Stroke Center Alliance) program recorded medical data during hospitalization, and the CNSR-III (Third China National Stroke Registry) recorded the medical data during hospitalization and finished 1-year follow-up. Associations of infection (pneumonia or urinary tract infection) during hospitalization with recurrent stroke in short (during hospitalization) and long term (since 30 days to 1 year after stroke onset) were analyzed. Short-term outcomes were analyzed with logistic models and long-term outcomes with Cox models.

Results:

In the CSCA (n=789 596), the incidence of infection during hospitalization reached 9.6%. Patients with infection had a higher risk of stroke recurrence during hospitalization compared with patients without infection (10.4% versus 5.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.65–1.75];
P
<0.0001). In the CNSR-III (n=13 549), the incidence of infection during hospitalization was 6.5%. Infection during hospitalization was significantly associated with short-term risk of recurrent stroke (7.4% versus 3.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.05–1.86];
P
=0.02) but not with long-term risk of recurrent stroke (7.2% versus 5.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.88–1.52];
P
=0.30).

Conclusions:
Infection was an independent risk factor for high risk of early stroke recurrence during hospitalization, but we have not found its sustained effect on long-term recurrent risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Prognostic evaluation of serum long non-coding RNA H19 for endoscopic keyhole surgery or craniotomy in glioma
Authors: Shen Likui , Xu Min , Wang Zhimin , Yu Zhengquan 
Published: June 2020

Background Our study aims to explore the effect of serum long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 level on the long-term prognosis of endoscopic keyhole surgery or craniotomy for glioma. Methods A total of 264 glioma patients were selected. Patients were randomly divided into the Craniotomy-high H19 group, the Craniotomy-low H19 group, the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-high H19 group and the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-low H19 group. Results Compared with adjacent tissues (5.19 ± 1.42), H19 level in cancer tissues (7.45 ± 1.60) and serum (6.44 ± 1.57) was significantly increased ( P <  0.05). Compared with serum, H19 level in cancer tissues was significantly increased ( P <  0.05). Pearson correlation analysis found that the relative expression level of serum H19 in glioma patients was positively correlated with cancer tissues ( rPearson = 0.547, P <  0.001), but had no significant correlation with adjacent tissues ( rPearson = 0.126, P  =   0.207). The expression of H19 in serum was significantly related to WHO grade ( rPearson = 0.514, P <  0.001). Compared with the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-high H19 group and the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-low H19 group, the survival rate of patients in the Craniotomy-high H19 group (χ2 = 17.115 and log-rank P <  0.001; χ2 = 18.406 and log-rank P <  0.001) and the Craniotomy-low H19 group was significantly reduced (χ2 = 15.007 and log-rank P <  0.001; χ2 = 16.121 and log-rank P <  0.001). Cox regression results showed that serum H19 level, craniotomy and WHO grade were risk factors for glioma. When H19 level was lower than 6.28, the 30-month survival rate of patients with the endoscopic keyhole surgery was 100%. Conclusion For patients with low H19 level (<5.36), both endoscopic keyhole surgery and craniotomy are available, otherwise, endoscopic keyhole surgery is more recommended.
A critical narrative analysis of psychiatrists’ engagement with psychosis as a contentious area
Authors: O’Donoghue Therese , Crossley Jon 
Published: June 2020

Background: Psychosis, characterised by altered perceptions or interpretations of reality, remains a contested area. Lately, perspectives and conceptualisations of psychosis that have traditionally been more peripheral have gained greater recognition. Both the British Psychological Society and Critical Psychiatry Network have highlighted some contentious areas in recent publications. Aims: The aim was to use critical narrative analysis to consider what facilitates and inhibits medical professionals with clinical experience of psychosis to engage with the topic of psychosis as a contentious area. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 medical professionals, who were at trainee or qualified level with a minimum of 6 months’ clinical experience within psychiatry, across three Trusts within the United Kingdom. This purposive sample had a diverse range of perspectives regarding psychosis. Critical narrative analysis comprising six distinct stages, informed the analysis. Results: Participants positioned themselves broadly within one of three groups: biological psychiatrists, critical psychiatrists and those more conflicted. Narrative analysis was undertaken for each participant before being integrated for this article. The research highlighted several factors which either limit or facilitate opportunities within the psychiatric profession to engage with a plurality of views regarding psychosis. These included the significance of power and hierarchy within the profession, the role of dialogue and the prevalence of reflexivity within the profession. Conclusion: A pattern was identified of psychiatrists generally associating with like-minded others and not engaging with wider evidence regarding psychosis, partly as a result of the inherent threats to the power and hierarchy of the profession. This led to new ideas being widely unknown or undervalued, potentially to the disservice of clinical practice.