bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable chaos and delayed onset of statisticality in unimolecular dissociation reactions
Authors: Karmakar Sourav , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Keshavamurthy Srihari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStatistical models provide a powerful and useful class of approximations for calculating reaction rates by bypassing the need for detailed, and often difficult, dynamical considerations. Such approaches invariably invoke specific assumptions about the extent of intramolecular vibrational energy flow in the system. However, the nature of the transition to the statistical regime as a function of the molecular parameters is far from being completely understood. Here, we use tools from nonlinear dynamics to study the transition to statisticality in a model unimolecular reaction by explicitly visualizing the high dimensional classical phase space. We identify generic features in the phase space involving the intersection of two or more independent anharmonic resonances and show that the presence of correlated, but chaotic, intramolecular dynamics near such junctions leads to nonstatisticality. Interestingly, akin to the stability of asteroids in the Solar System, molecules can stay protected from dissociation at the junctions for several picoseconds due to the phenomenon of stable chaos.
The Trp triad within the V-domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products modulates folding, stability and ligand binding
Authors: Indurthi Venkata S.K. , Jensen Jaime L. , Leclerc Estelle , Sinha Sangita , Colbert Christopher L. , Vetter Stefan W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and plays a critical role for the innate immune response and sterile tissue inflammation. RAGE overexpression is associated with diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases and certain cancers. Yet, the molecular mechanism of ligand recognition by RAGE is insufficiently understood to rationalize the binding of diverse ligands. The N-terminal V-type Ig-domain of RAGE contains a triad of tryptophan residue; Trp51, Trp61 and Trp72. The role of these three Trp residues for domain folding, stability and binding of the RAGE ligand S100B was investigated through site-directed mutagenesis, UV/VIS, CD and fluorescence spectrometry, protein–protein interaction studies, and X-ray crystallography. The data show that the Trp triad stabilizes the folded V-domain by maintaining a short helix in the structure. Mutation of any Trp residue increases the structural plasticity of the domain. Residues Trp61 and Trp72 are involved in the binding of S100B, yet they are not strictly required for S100B binding. The crystal structure of the RAGE-derived peptide W72 in complex with S100B showed that Trp72 is deeply buried in a hydrophobic depression on the S100B surface. The studies suggest that multiple binding modes between RAGE and S100B exist and point toward a not previously recognized role of the Trp residues for RAGE-ligand binding. The Trp triad of the V-domain appears to be a suitable target for novel RAGE inhibitors, either in the form of monoclonal antibodies targeting this epitope, or small organic molecules.
Considerations for Choosing Microphone Technologies for Students With Limited Useable Hearing Unilaterally
Authors: Picou Erin M. , Davis Hilary , Tharpe Anne Marie 
Published: January 2020

PurposeCurrent recommendations for clinical management of school-aged children with limited useable hearing unilaterally primarily focus on remote microphone systems and preferential seating. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the existing evidence supporting these recommendations.MethodA narrative review was conducted, focused on nonsurgical interventions for children with limited useable hearing unilaterally.ResultsSix articles were identified. Three survey studies suggest high use rates and improved academic performance with contralateral routing of signal systems. One laboratory study suggests students with hearing loss need to sit closer to the desired signal (e.g., teacher) than their peers with normal hearing to achieve similar speech recognition. Two laboratory studies suggest remote microphone systems provide consistent benefits when the microphone is located near the talker of interest, whereas contralateral routing of signal systems impairs performance in noise.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between survey studies and laboratory studies could be explained partly due to the difference between listening situations in the laboratory and in classrooms. Everyone in the classroom is a potential talker of interest, and the listening environments are often dynamic. Thus, contralateral routing of signal systems might have more potential to improve classroom communication than was suggested by the laboratory studies. Recommendations for microphone technologies should be based on the extent to which a student is struggling, where the student sits in the classroom, and where the important talkers are located. There is not one optimal recommendation for all students, but a combination of remote microphone and contralateral routing of signal systems could work for most students.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9956663
Audibility-Based Hearing Aid Fitting Criteria for Children With Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: McCreery Ryan W. , Walker Elizabeth A. , Stiles Derek J. , Spratford Meredith , Oleson Jacob J. , Lewis Dawna E. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeBecause of uncertainty about the level of hearing where hearing aids should be provided to children, the goal of the current study was to develop audibility-based hearing aid candidacy criteria based on the relationship between unaided hearing and language outcomes in a group of children with hearing loss who did not wear hearing aids.MethodUnaided hearing and language outcomes were examined for 52 children with mild-to-severe hearing losses. A group of 52 children with typical hearing matched for age, nonverbal intelligence, and socioeconomic status was included as a comparison group representing the range of optimal language outcomes. Two audibility-based criteria were considered: (a) the level of unaided hearing where unaided children with hearing loss fell below the median for children with typical hearing and (b) the level of unaided hearing where the slope of language outcomes changed significantly based on an iterative, piecewise regression modeling approach.ResultsThe level of unaided audibility for children with hearing loss that was associated with differences in language development from children with typical hearing or based on the modeling approach varied across outcomes and criteria but converged at an unaided speech intelligibility index of 80.ConclusionsChildren with hearing loss who have unaided speech intelligibility index values less than 80 may be at risk for delays in language development without hearing aids. The unaided speech intelligibility index potentially could be used as a clinical criterion for hearing aid fitting candidacy for children with hearing loss.
Waveguide‐input resonant tunnelling diode mixer for THz communications
Authors: Yu X. , Ohira T. , Kim J.‐Y. , Fujita M. , Nagatsuma T. 
Published: January 2020

A hollow metallic waveguide‐input resonant tunnelling diode three‐terminal mixer device based on a photonic‐crystal platform for terahertz (THz) communication applications is presented. Coherent detection was successfully demonstrated, with an increase in the sensitivity of >30 dB compared with that of direct detection. Error‐free communications with a data rate >10 Gbit/s at 0.3 THz using the developed device as a coherent THz receiver are achieved.
Design, analysis, and realisation of chipless RFID tag for orientation independent configurations
Authors: Hashmi Mohammad S. , Sharma Vijay 
Published: January 2020

The architectures of two innovative compact orientation independent chipless radio frequency identification device (RFID) tags for emerging applications such as the internet of things are presented. These tags, when illuminated, generate resonant frequencies in the radar cross‐section backscattered spectrum, which are used to encode the data. These are based around L‐type resonators, which can be read from front and back using linear polarisation waves as they do not have the ground plane. The first tag design consists of L‐resonators in the lower triangular of the substrate, and thereby mutual coupling is increased as a reduction in the size. The second tag design incorporates alternate L‐resonators in both halves of the substrate and exhibits reduced mutual coupling and enhanced printing strength but with a reduction in bit density. The proposed concept is demonstrated through prototypes of 8‐bit chipless tags on Rogers substrate. These tags require very low bandwidth to encode 8‐bit and occupy a small board size of 20 mm × 20 mm, and these are considerable improvements in the development of chipless RFID.
Was tun bei Hämaturie? – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Tratz Florian , Reich Oliver , Cohen Clemens David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHematuria is a common clinical finding and has a wide spectrum of possible causes. Erythrocytes can originate from any part of the genitourinary tract. An urine dipstick test is the first step in diagnostic approach. Medical history may help to narrow down the range of causes: arterial hypertension or a family history of renal disease may indicate a renal disease. Risk factors for an urinary tract malignoma point to an urological origin. If the microscopy shows more than 5 % acanthocytes in the urine sediment, a glomerular cause can be assumed. Normal erythrocytes suggest a non-glomerular cause. A nephrologist should be consulted if urine sediment microscopy and other clinical features (e. g. clinically relevant proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine) indicate a renal disease. In this case, a renal biopsy should be considered to confirm the diagnosis of glomerulopathy and to develop a treatment plan. If an urological pathology is suspected, sonography should be complemented by a multi-phasic computed tomography. Based on the imaging results, a retrograde ureteroscopy should be considered. Repeated urinalysis on an annual basis for two consecutive years is recommended, if no diagnosis can be established.
Lyme-Borreliose: Kutane und neurologische Manifestationen, Falldefinitionen und Therapie
Authors: Scheerer Cora , Dersch Rick , Huppertz Hans-Iko , Hofmann Heidelore 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLyme borreliosis is the most common zoonosis in Germany with an incidence of up to 138/100 000. More than 90 % of all cases show dermatological manifestations. Early manifestations are erythema migrans, multiple erythemata migrantia, and (less frequently) borrelial lymphocytoma. A typical late manifestation is acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Lyme neuroborreliosis is much less common with an incidence of about 0.8/100 000 inhabitants in Germany. Bannwarth’s syndrome (painful radiculoneuritis) is the most common manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis in adults followed by meningitis. International case definitions exist regarding the likelihood of Lyme neuroborreliosis on the basis of diagnostic test results. A CSF analysis should be performed in patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis. The first line treatment for dermatological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis is doxycycline, in children and pregnant women amoxicillin. Doxycycline and beta-lactam antibiotics show similar efficacy regarding neurological symptoms and adverse effects for treatment of neurological manifestations. Treatment duration for early manifestations is 10 to 14 days, in Lyme neuroborreliosis it should not exceed 21 days. All manifestations, also Lyme neuroborreliosis, usually show a favourable prognosis after antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment does not show any efficacy in patients with unspecific symptoms and concurrent positive anti-borrelial serology.
Lyme-Borreliose: Serologische und mikrobiologische Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik
Authors: Fingerle Volker , Sing Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLyme borreliosis caused by at least six Borrelia burgdorferi species, is the most important tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. With a wide spectrum of possible symptoms, the microbiological diagnosis of this disease is associated with a wide variety of ideas, divergent approaches and much uncertainty. The aim of the article is to introduce the treating physicians to a meaningful microbiological diagnostic procedure. Most important messages include that (I) the suspected diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is first based on anamnestic data and clinical symptoms (compare “case definitions”) which is substantiated by microbiological examinations; (II) microbiological diagnostics – primarily antibody detection, downstream PCR and culture – are only indicated if there are indicative symptoms, with typical erythema migrans not requiring microbiological diagnostics; (III) keep in mind: The more unspecific the symptoms are the lower the positive and the higher the negative predictive value of microbiological testing; (IV) serological diagnosis should follow a two-step procedure: a sensitive ELISA as first step, if reactive followed by immunoblot (IgM and IgG). Detection rates are ca. 50 % in localized, 70– > 90 % in disseminated early and nearly 100 % (only IgG relevant) in late disease; (V) in the immunoblot early forms of disease show a narrow band spectrum, late forms show a broad spectrum; (VI) methods that are not recommended for diagnostic purposes include lymphocyte activation or transformation tests (LTT, MELISA, ELISPOT), PCR or antigen detection from urine or blood, lymphocyte subpopulations, or direct detection of borreliae from patient material using dark field- or focus floating microscopy.
Orientierung in der medizinischen Forschung
Authors: Jassoy Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEducation of medical students requires teaching students how to navigate in the broad field of medical research. The objective of this article is to provide an overview about medical research and to show how to denote a medical study in a concise fashion. Medical research can be classified into categories according to the object of investigation. Examples for medical research categories are therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic studies, epidemiological studies, animal and in vitro studies etc. Each research category uses a specific set of study types with names such as cross-sectional study, case-control study etc. The article describes the principles of the study types. Together, research category and study type briefly describe the design of a medical study.
Endoscopic septotomy as a treatment for leaks after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Diaz Ramon , Welsh Leonard K. , Perez Juan Esteban , Narvaez Andres , Davalos Gerardo , Portenier Dana , Guerron A. Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the world. Leaks are the most feared complications after this procedure. Endoscopic septotomy has been described as a resolution technique that could be useful in the setting of late and chronic leaks. We present our experience in the management of gastric leaks with this advanced endoscopic technique.
Patients and methods Retrospective review of patients who have been admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.
Results Five patients were found. All had their index surgery in outside hospitals. The average age was 51 years (range 40 – 69), and four patients were female. Mean time from LSG to leak presentation was 15 days (range 7 – 25). Mean time from leak presentation to septotomy procedure was 61 days (range 21 – 110). All patients were treated with sleeve dilatation before septotomy using endoscopic achalasia balloons. Mean procedure time was 79 minutes (range 55 – 125). Success was achieved in 80 % of patients, and no complications related to the procedure were identified. One patient underwent total gastrectomy for definitive management. Mean follow-up time was 14.25 months (range 6 – 26), and the average time for fistula closure was 60.25 days.
Conclusion Endoscopic septotomy is safe and effective for management of chronic leaks after LSG. Associated non-selective dilatation may be a crucial step to allow distal patency and axis rectification for appropriate leak closure.
A rare case of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Ulrich J. D. , Specht K. , Schlitter A. M. , Ceyhan G. O. , Quante M. , Schmid R. M. , Schlag C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 49-year-old woman consulted her general practitioner (GP) regarding epigastric pain that she had experienced for 2 months. Physical examination and laboratory results were unremarkable. An abdominal ultrasound indicated a solid pancreatic tumor, which was confirmed on subsequent CT and MRI. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a well-defined heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic mass in the pancreatic body, so a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was suspected. However, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed and based on (immuno-)histochemical findings, the extremely rare diagnosis of a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas was made. Due to the malignant potential of pancreatic PEComas, laparoscopic left-sided pancreatectomy was performed. We present a case diagnosed by preoperative EUS-FNA highlighting the clinical and endosonographic features which help to distinguish it from its most important differential diagnosis, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the pancreas.
Recent Advances in Radical Nitration Using tert-Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Song Si-Zhe , Dong Youren , Ge Guo-Ping , Li Qiang , Wei Wen-Ting 
Published: January 2020

Nitro compounds serve as valuable intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and polymers. In recent years, radical nitration using tert-butyl nitrite (t-BuONO) has attracted wide attention and desirable progress has been made. On the one hand, t-BuONO is a potential active nitro radical source and can react with various functional groups. On the other hand, as a green and novel nitration reagent, t-BuONO has relatively low price and can easily produce a radical under mild conditions, which undoubtedly provides a simple and efficient way for nitration reactions. To date, some important reviews are available that summarize the synthesis of nitro compounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is still no review that exclusively discusses the synthesis of nitro compounds using t-BuONO through a radical strategy. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the recent advances in radical nitration using t-BuONO as nitration reagent. The main progress in this area has been presented according to the type of reaction substrates. Special attention has been paid discussion of the reaction mechanisms and selected examples of substrates have been given. We hope this paper will be a useful reference and inspiration for those who are exploring the synthesis of nitro compounds using t-BuONO.1	Introduction2	Radical Nitration of Alkenes3	Radical Nitration of Aromatics4	Radical Nitration of Alkynes5	Radical Nitration of 1,n-Enynes6	Radical Nitration of Alkanes7	Summary and Perspective
Relativization in Guiqiong
Authors: Min Rao , Yang Gao , Gates Jesse P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGuiqiong, like most Sino-Tibetan languages, presents a rich array of relativization constructions. Based on both natural oral texts and elicited material, the present paper describes all attested types of relatives in Guiqiong, including prenominal, head-internal, headless, and double-headed relative clauses, as well as nominalized and non-nominalized relative clauses. It provides a case by case account of the possible constructions for all syntactic roles including various types of obliques. This paper will also discuss different relativization strategies used in Guiqiong. To conclude, this paper will discuss the importance and the relevance of this study to Sino-Tibetan linguistics.
Effect of Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–Cu–Er alloy
Authors: Amer S. M. , Yu. Barkov R. , Yakovtseva O. A. , Loginova I. S. , Pozdniakov A. V. 
Published: January 2020

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–4Cu–2.7Er–0.3Zr alloy were investigated. The precipitates of the L12 structured phase with sizes 37 ± 12 nm were formed in lines and homogenously distributed inside the aluminium matrix after annealing at 605°C for 1 h. The as-rolled Al–4Cu–2.7Er–0.3Zr alloy developed an increased hardness after 1 h annealing at 100–550°C and 0.5–6 h annealing at 150–250°C due to precipitation of the Al3(Er,Zr) phase. Addition of Zirconium improved the tensile properties relative to those of the Zr-free alloy by approximately 20 MPa: yield strength = 273–296 MPa and ultimate tensile strength = 296–328 MPa in the alloys annealed at 100–150°C. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Changes in spatio‐temporal gait parameters and vertical speed during an extreme mountain ultra‐marathon
Authors: Jeker David , Falbriard Mathieu , Vernillo Gianluca , Meyer Frederic , Savoldelli Aldo , Degache Francis , Schena Federico , Aminian Kamiar , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of altitude and distance on uphill vertical speed (VS) and the main spatio‐temporal gait parameters during an extreme mountain ultra‐marathon. The VS, stride height (SH) and stride frequency (SF) of 27 runners were measured with an inertial sensor at the shank for two different altitude ranges (low 1300–2000 m vs high 2400–3200 m) of 10 mountains passes distributed over a 220 km course. There was a significant interaction (F(4,52) = 4.04, p < 0.01) for the effect of altitude and distance on VS. During the first passes, the mean VS was faster at lower altitudes, but this difference disappeared at a quarter of the race length, suggesting that neuromuscular fatigue influenced the uphill velocity to a larger extent than the oxygen delivery. The average VS, SH and SF were 547 ± 135 m/h, 0.23 ± 0.05 m and 0.66 ± 0.09 Hz. The individual VS change for each uphill portions was more strongly correlated with the changes in SH (r = 0.80, P < 0.001, n = 321) than SF (r = 0.43, P < 0.001, n = 321). This suggests a large effect of the knee extensors strength loss on the diminution of VS.
The coupled system (2)2Σ+ and (1)2Π of 7Li88Sr
Authors: Schwanke Erik , Gerschmann Julia , Knöckel Horst , Ospelkaus Silke , Tiemann Eberhard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyse rovibrational transitions of the (2)2Σ+–X(1)2Σ+ system of LiSr and find the energy levels of the (2)2Σ+ state to be perturbed by coupling between the (2)2Σ+ and (1)2Π states. We present an analysis of the coupled system yielding molecular parameters for the lowest vibrational levels of the (2)2Σ+ state and for higher vibrational levels of the (1)2Π state together with molecular coupling constants. Improved Dunham coefficients for the rovibrational levels of the X(1)2Σ+ state are also obtained, where the correlation with the parameters of the excited states is removed completely.