bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon and oxygen synergistic effects for the discovery of new high-performance nonfullerene acceptors
Authors: Qin Ying , Chen Hui , Yao Jia , Zhou Yue , Cho Yongjoon , Zhu Yulin , Qiu Beibei , Ju Cheng-Wei , Zhang Zhi-Guo , He Feng , Yang Changduk , Li Yongfang , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn organic electronics, an aromatic fused ring is a basic unit that provides π-electrons to construct semiconductors and governs the device performance. The main challenge in developing new π-skeletons for tuning the material properties is the limitation of the available chemical approach. Herein, we successfully synthesize two pentacyclic siloxy-bridged π-conjugated isomers to investigate the synergistic effects of Si and O atoms on the geometric and electronic influence of π-units in organic electronics. Notably, the synthesis routes for both isomers possess several advantages over the previous approaches for delivering conventional aromatic fused-rings, such as environmentally benign tin-free synthesis and few synthetic steps. To explore their potential application as photovoltaic materials, two isomeric acceptor–donor–acceptor type acceptors based on these two isomers were developed, showing a decent device efficiency of 10%, which indicates the great potential of this SiO-bridged ladder-type unit for the development of new high-performance semiconductor materials.
Plant hairy roots enable high throughput identification of antimicrobials against Candidatus Liberibacter spp.
Authors: Irigoyen Sonia , Ramasamy Manikandan , Pant Shankar , Niraula Prakash , Bedre Renesh , Gurung Meena , Rossi Denise , Laughlin Corinne , Gorman Zachary , Achor Diann , Levy Amit , Kolomiets Michael V. , Sétamou Mamoudou , Badillo-Vargas Ismael E. , Avila Carlos A. , Irey Michael S. , Mandadi Kranthi K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA major bottleneck in identifying therapies to control citrus greening and other devastating plant diseases caused by fastidious pathogens is our inability to culture the pathogens in defined media or axenic cultures. As such, conventional approaches for antimicrobial evaluation (genetic or chemical) rely on time-consuming, low-throughput and inherently variable whole-plant assays. Here, we report that plant hairy roots support the growth of fastidious pathogens likeCandidatusLiberibacter spp., the presumptive causal agents of citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases. Importantly, we leverage the microbial hairy roots for rapid, reproducible efficacy screening of multiple therapies. We identify six antimicrobial peptides, two plant immune regulators and eight chemicals which inhibitCandidatusLiberibacter spp. in plant tissues. The antimicrobials, either singly or in combination, can be used as near- and long-term therapies to control citrus greening, potato zebra chip and tomato vein greening diseases.
Farming fish in the sea will not nourish the world
Authors: Belton Ben , Little David C. , Zhang Wenbo , Edwards Peter , Skladany Michael , Thilsted Shakuntala H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent literature on marine fish farming brands it as potentially compatible with sustainable resource use, conservation, and human nutrition goals, and aligns with the emerging policy discourse of ‘blue growth’. We advance a two-pronged critique. First, contemporary narratives tend to overstate marine finfish aquaculture’s potential to deliver food security and environmental sustainability. Second, they often align with efforts to enclose maritime space that could facilitate its allocation to extractive industries and conservation interests and exclude fishers. Policies and investments that seek to increase the availability and accessibility of affordable and sustainable farmed aquatic foods should focus on freshwater aquaculture.
Genome of Solanum pimpinellifolium provides insights into structural variants during tomato breeding
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Lei , Jiao Chen , Stravoravdis Stefanos , Hosmani Prashant S. , Saha Surya , Zhang Jing , Mainiero Samantha , Strickler Susan R. , Catala Carmen , Martin Gregory B. , Mueller Lukas A. , Vrebalov Julia , Giovannoni James J. , Wu Shan , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolanum pimpinellifolium (SP) is the wild progenitor of cultivated tomato. Because of its remarkable stress tolerance and intense flavor, SP has been used as an important germplasm donor in modern tomato breeding. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of SP LA2093. Genome comparison identifies more than 92,000 structural variants (SVs) between LA2093 and the modern cultivar, Heinz 1706. Genotyping these SVs in ~600 representative tomato accessions identifies alleles under selection during tomato domestication, improvement and modern breeding, and discovers numerous SVs overlapping genes known to regulate important breeding traits such as fruit weight and lycopene content. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis detects hotspots harboring master regulators controlling important fruit quality traits, including cuticular wax accumulation and flavonoid biosynthesis, and SVs contributing to these complex regulatory networks. The LA2093 genome sequence and the identified SVs provide rich resources for future research and biodiversity-based breeding.
In-situ observation of ancient co-fusion steelmaking process based on HT-CLSM
Authors: Qiao Shangxiao , Qian Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObserving and analyzing the microstructure of zone samples had been an essential concept in the study of co-fusion steelmaking. High-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (HT-CLSM) provided a new method in the in-situ observation and real-time analysis of the co-fusion steelmaking process. In this research, a series of experiments had been designed based on Shen Kuo’s The Dream Pool Essays (a famous ancient Chinese literature) and carried out by HT-CLSM. The results showed that a new interface was formed with the phase transition during the heating process, which had an essential influence on promoting the carbon diffusion rate in co-fusion steelmaking. The cast iron zone occurred in mushy solidification because of decarbonization. There were collision, aggregation, and other behaviors of inclusions in the cast iron zone and they moved towards the boundary, which led to the purity of the matrix and the aggregation of a large number of inclusions at the boundary.
Super resolution DOA estimation based on deep neural network
Authors: Liu Wanli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, deep neural network (DNN) studies on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations have attracted more and more attention. This new method gives an alternative way to deal with DOA problem and has successfully shown its potential application. However, these works are often restricted to previously known signal number, same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or large intersignal angular distance, which will hinder their generalization in real application. In this paper, we present a novel DNN framework that realizes higher resolution and better generalization to random signal number and SNR. Simulation results outperform that of previous works and reach the state of the art.
Grazing pressure-induced shift in planktonic bacterial communities with the dominance of acIII-A1 actinobacterial lineage in soda pans
Authors: Szabó Attila , Korponai Kristóf , Somogyi Boglárka , Vajna Balázs , Vörös Lajos , Horváth Zsófia , Boros Emil , Szabó-Tugyi Nóra , Márialigeti Károly , Felföldi Tamás 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAstatic soda pans of the Pannonian Steppe are unique environments with respect to their multiple extreme physical and chemical characteristics (high daily water temperature fluctuation, high turbidity, alkaline pH, salinity, polyhumic organic carbon concentration, hypertrophic state and special ionic composition). However, little is known about the seasonal dynamics of the bacterial communities inhabiting these lakes and the role of environmental factors that have the main impact on their structure. Therefore, two soda pans were sampled monthly between April 2013 and July 2014 to reveal changes in the planktonic community. By late spring in both years, a sudden shift in the community structure was observed, the previous algae-associated bacterial communities had collapsed, resulting the highest ratio of Actinobacteria within the bacterioplankton (89%, with the dominance of acIII-A1 lineage) ever reported in the literature. Before these peaks, an extremely high abundance (> 10,000 individuum l−1) of microcrustaceans (Moina brachiata and Arctodiaptomus spinosus) was observed. OTU-based statistical approaches showed that in addition to algal blooms and water-level fluctuations, zooplankton densities had the strongest effect on the composition of bacterial communities. In these extreme environments, this implies a surprisingly strong, community-shaping top-down role of microcrustacean grazers.
Estimating the spawning and growth of striped snakehead Channa striata Bloch, 1793 in Lake Rawa Pening Indonesia
Authors: Djumanto  , Setyobudi Eko , Simanjuntak Charles P. H. , Rahardjo M. Fadjar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe striped snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) is a commercially important fish in Lake Rawa Pening, central Java, Indonesia. This study aims were to investigate their age, growth, and recruitment pattern, through a sampling that was performed monthly, from November 2017 to August 2018. The individual fish was measured for length and weight, and sex was determined. The otoliths were collected, cleaned, and placed on molds to pour epoxy resin. The otoliths were cut to obtain slices and observed under a microscope at 100 × magnification. Subsequently, the age was determined by counting the number of daily rings. It was established that the snakehead spawned every month, with a comparably higher frequency in the new moon than in other phases, and mostly were 3–10 months old, characterized by bigger and older sizes during the rainy season. Furthermore, the average growth rate was observed to be faster during the rainy season in contrast with the dry season. Hence, the parameters of von Bertalanffy growth functions were estimated by back-calculated length, and the pattern in female was Lt = 56.09 (1 − e− 0.81 (t + 0.07)), while male Lt = 59.36 (1 − e− 0.71 (t + 0.09)), and total Lt = 60.32 (1 − e− 0.71 (t + 0.14)), respectively.
Data driven theory for knowledge discovery in the exact sciences with applications to thermonuclear fusion
Authors: Murari A. , Peluso E. , Lungaroni M. , Gaudio P. , Vega J. , Gelfusa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the techniques of the exact sciences have been applied to the analysis of increasingly complex and non-linear systems. The related uncertainties and the large amounts of data available have progressively shown the limits of the traditional hypothesis driven methods, based on first principle theories. Therefore, a new approach of data driven theory formulation has been developed. It is based on the manipulation of symbols with genetic computing and it is meant to complement traditional procedures, by exploring large datasets to find the most suitable mathematical models to interpret them. The paper reports on the vast amounts of numerical tests that have shown the potential of the new techniques to provide very useful insights in various studies, ranging from the formulation of scaling laws to the original identification of the most appropriate dimensionless variables to investigate a given system. The application to some of the most complex experiments in physics, in particular thermonuclear plasmas, has proved the capability of the methodology to address real problems, even highly nonlinear and practically important ones such as catastrophic instabilities. The proposed tools are therefore being increasingly used in various fields of science and they constitute a very good set of techniques to bridge the gap between experiments, traditional data analysis and theory formulation.
Craniofacial morphology in down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vicente Ascensión , Bravo-González Luis-Alberto , López-Romero Ana , Muñoz Clara Serna , Sánchez-Meca Julio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial cephalometric characteristics of individuals with Down syndrome (DS), comparing them with healthy subjects. An electronic search was made in Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus, Medline and Web of Science without imposing limitations on publication date or language. Studies were selecting following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The PECO acronym was applied as follows: P (population), individuals with DS; E, (exposition) diagnosis of DS; C (comparison), individuals without DS; O (outcomes) craniofacial characteristics based on cephalometric measurements. Independent reviewers performed data extraction and assessed the methodological quality of the articles using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality-Assessment-scale. Seven case–control studies were included in meta-analysis. Given the variability of the cephalometric measurements used, only those that had been reported in at least three or more works could be included. Anterior cranial base length (SN), posterior cranial base length (SBa), total cranial base length (BaN), effective length of the maxilla (CoA), sagittal relationship between subspinale and supramentale (ANB), anterior facial height (NMe), and posterior facial height (SGo) values were significantly lower in the DS population than among control subjects. No significant differences were found in sagittal position of subspinale relative to cranial base (SNA) and sagittal position of supramentale relative to cranial base (SNB). Summarizing, individuals with DS present a shorter and flatter cranial base than the general population, an upper jaw of reduced sagittal dimension, as well as a tendency toward prognatic profile, with the medium third of the face flattened and a reduced anterior and posterior facial heights.
Intravenous administration of sodium propionate induces antidepressant or prodepressant effect in a dose dependent manner
Authors: Hao Chunyan , Gao Zefeng , Liu XianJun , Rong Zhijiang , Jia Jingjing , Kang Kaiqi , Guo Weiwei , Li Jianguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPropionate has been reported to exert antidepressant effects, but high-dose propionate may induce autism-like symptoms in experimental animals through induction of dysbiosis of neurotransmitters. The bi-directional effects of propionate seem to be dose-dependent. However, due to the pathological discrepancies between depression and autism, conclusions drawn from autism may not be simply transferable to depression. The effect and underlying action mechanisms of high-dose propionate on depression remains undetermined. To investigate the effects of propionate on depression, propionate dose gradients were intravenously administrated to rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 1 week. Results of these behavioral tests demonstrate that low-dose propionate (2 mg/kg body weight/day) induces antidepressant effect through bodyweight recovery, elevated reward-seeking behaviors, and reduced depression-like behaviors, while high-dose propionate (200 mg/kg body weight/day) induces prodepressant effects opposite of those of low-dose propionate. A comprehensive profiling of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus demonstrated that CUMS induces reduction of NE (Norepinephrine), DA (Dopamine). GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) was recovered by low-dose propionate, while high-dose propionate exerted more complicated effects on neurotransmitters, including reduction of NE, DA, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Tryptophan, and increase of GABA, Kynurenine, Homovanillic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxytyramine. The neurotransmitters disturbed by high-dose propionate suggest metabolic disorders in the hippocampus, which were confirmed by the clear group separation in PCA of metabolomic profiling. The results of this study demonstrate the double-edged dose-dependent effects of propionate on depression and suggest potential cumulative toxicity of propionate as a food additive to mood disorders.
Network pharmacology evaluation of the active ingredients and potential targets of XiaoLuoWan for application to uterine fibroids
Authors: Yu Yonghui , Yang Fang , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
XiaoLuoWan (XLW) is a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has satisfactory therapeutic effects for uterine fibroids (UFs). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the pharmacological actions of XLW in treating UFs, an ingredient–target–disease framework was proposed based on network pharmacology strategies. The active ingredients in XLW and their putative targets were obtained from the TCM systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) platforms. The known therapeutic targets of UFs were acquired from the DigSee and DrugBank databases. Then, the links between putative XLW targets and therapeutic UF targets were identified to establish interaction networks by Cytoscape. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of overlapping gene targets were performed in the STRING database and visualized in R software. In total, 9 active compounds were obtained from 74 ingredients, with 71 curative targets predicted in XLW. Moreover, 321 known therapeutic targets were closely related to UFs, with 29 targets overlapping with XLW and considered interacting genes. Pathway enrichment revealed that the calcium signaling pathway was significantly enriched and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, cancer and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathways, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway were closely associated with XLW intervention for UFs. In conclusion, the network pharmacology detection identified 9 available chemicals as the active ingredients in XLW that may relieve UFs by regulating 29 target genes involved in the calcium signaling pathway, MAPK pathway and cAMP pathway. Network pharmacology analyses may provide more convincing evidence for the investigation of classical TCM prescriptions, such as XLW.
Audiological Evaluation of Patients With Somatosensory Tinnitus Attributed to Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Hilgenberg-Sydney Priscila Brenner , Saldanha Aline Dantas Diógenes , Lopes Andréa Cintra , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders have already been associated in the literature, but despite many studies, it is still an intriguing discussion point. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss among somatosensory tinnitus patients with temporomandibular disorders and to assess the influence of tinnitus on patients' quality of life.

Method

An otolaryngologist examined 585 patients in order to detect and evaluate the presence of tinnitus. Subjects were evaluated using the Portuguese version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. An analysis of the somatic component of tinnitus was performed. Tinnitus was rated according to its onset (at least 6 months) and intensity with a visual analog scale. The sample was composed of 100 patients with somatosensory tinnitus divided into two groups: Group 1 (with temporomandibular disorder,
n
= 85) and Group 2 (without temporomandibular disorder,
n
= 15). The audiological evaluation was composed of pure-tone audiometry, high-frequency audiometry, tympanometry, and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions. The impact of tinnitus on quality of life was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory adapted and validated to Portuguese language.

Results

Pure-tone audiometry did not differ with statistical significance between groups (
p
= .29), neither did the high-frequency audiometry results (
p
= .74). Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores also did not show any differences between Groups 1 and 2 (
p
= .67).

Conclusions
Subjects with somatosensory tinnitus, who also have temporomandibular disorders, do not seem to have hearing impairment. Also, they do not have a higher quality of life handicap when compared to those without tinnitus and temporomandibular disorder.
Speech Impairments Explain Unique Variance in Adaptive Behavior Skills in Young People With Down Syndrome
Authors: Stephan Catherine , Clasen Liv , Adeyemi Elizabeth , Lee Nancy Raitano 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is a disorder characterized by impairments in global cognitive abilities and adaptive function. In addition, individuals with DS demonstrate pronounced speech and language deficits. However, little is known about the linguistic correlates of impaired adaptive functioning in DS.MethodUsing the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition and the Children's Communication Checklist–Second Edition (CCC-2), this study investigated the unique variance in adaptive skills accounted for by speech and language impairments in individuals with DS (N= 29,Mage= 13.46).ResultsPearson correlations revealed that a composite of CCC-2 structural language scales, but not pragmatic language scales, was significantly correlated with the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition Global Adaptive Composite, Conceptual, and Practical domains. Further investigation utilizing hierarchical regression analyses identified only the Speech scale on the CCC-2 as contributing unique variance to the prediction of adaptive behavior scores in the Global Adaptive Composite, Conceptual, and Practical domains.ConclusionSpeech impairments may serve as flags to identify children with DS who are at risk for adaptive behavior deficits and reinforce the need for speech-language therapies that focus on speech for these individuals.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13231985
Perception of Correctly and Incorrectly Produced Words in Children With and Without Phonological Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Brosseau-Lapré Françoise , Schumaker Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of correctly and incorrectly produced words in children with and without phonological speech sound disorder (SSD) with similar vocabulary and language skills.

Method
Thirty-six monolingual English-speaking children aged 4 and 5 years, half with SSD and half with typical speech and language skills, participated in this study. Participants completed standardized speech and language tests as well as a mispronunciation detection task targeting omissions and substitutions of the phonemes /k, s, ɹ/ in five word positions/shapes.

Results
The children with SSD obtained significantly lower perceptual accuracy than the children with typical development. There was no statistically significant effect for phoneme. Omissions were more likely to be detected by both groups of participants compared with substitutions, and children with SSD had greater difficulty identifying substitutions as incorrectly produced words.

Conclusions
Speech perception difficulties may be a distinguishing feature of children with phonological SSD and without concomitant language difficulties. Further research is needed to investigate specific speech contexts in which perception predicts accurate production in children with SSD.