bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Component White Emitting Silicate Glass Triply Activated by Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ for Organic-Resin-Free White LEDs
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Wang Jing , Su Qiang 
Published: February 2020

Thermal management is still a great challenge for high-power phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) intended for future general lighting. Luminescent glass based WLEDs (LG-WLEDs) are strongly expected to be an interesting and excellent alternative approach to traditional pc-WLEDs fabricated by combining InGaN based LED chips, with phosphor and organic resin. In the past years, many efforts have been made to develop luminescent glasses for LG-WLEDs. However, some of these glasses are poor in mechanical and chemical stability, some cannot be excited effectively owing to weak f-f absorption, and others are not very suitable for UV-LED chips ascribed to their maximum excitation wavelengths in deep UV. [1]
In this paper, a series of single-component white emitting silicate SiO2–Li2O–SrO–Al2O3–K2O–P2O5: Ce3+, Tb3+, Mn2+(SLSAKP: Ce3+, Tb3+, Mn2+) glasses that simultaneously play key roles as a luminescent convertor and an encapsulating material for WLEDs were prepared via the conventional melt-quenching method. The as-synthesized SLSAKP: 0.3%Ce3+, 2.0%Tb3+, 2.0%Mn2+ glass shows good thermal stability, inconspicuous chromaticity shift, better high-temperature resistance, and higher thermal conductivity. These are rare but desirable characteristics that are not present in the phosphors used as luminescent convertor and the epoxy resin used as the encapsulating material in pc-WLEDs. Luminescent glass (LG-) WLEDs based on SLSAKP: 0.3%Ce3+, 2.0%Tb3+, 2.0%Mn2+glass and UV-COB was successfully fabricated. These results indicate that SLSAKP: Ce3+, Tb3+, Mn2+ glass may serve as a potential bifunctional white-light-emitting materialfor LG-WLEDs pumped by UV-LED chips, especially high-power UV-COB.
Fig. 1. Photographic images of the mirror-polished (left) and rough-polished (right) SLSAKP: Ce3+, Tb3+, Mn2+glasses: (a) under white-emitting fluorescent lamp; (b) under 365 nm UV lamp. (c) The conceptual and actual fabrication process
References:

Xuejie Zhang, Lin Huang, Fengjuan Pan, Mingmei Wu, Jing Wang*,Yan Chen, Qiang Su, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2014, 6 (4), 2709–2717.
Electrodeposition of Co-Pd Alloys from Chloride Solutions
Authors: Mech Krzysztof , Zabinski Piotr , Kowalik Remigiusz 
Published: February 2020

A lot of attention has been devoted to synthesis of Co-Pd alloys mainly due to their electrocatalytic properties. Catalytic properties of these alloys for a 4-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are comparable to the properties of pure platinum. They also demonstrate high resistance to methanol activity, therefore, they can be successfully used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Significantly lower costs connected with the use of the alloys for electrodes applied in fuel cells in comparison to pure platinum make them an interesting alternative. The alloys play also an important role in magnetic data storage and microelectromechanical systems. The work presents results of the tests over the synthesis of Co-Pd alloys from acid chloride electrolytes. The main aim of the tests was to identify reactions responsible for alloy formation and to determine an influence of the electrolysis parameters i.e. working electrode potential, electrolyte composition and temperature on the composition of the resulted alloy coatings. Electrochemical investigations were performed by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV) combined with Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM). The electrolyte composition was selected based on a thermodynamic analysis and spectrophotometric tests which were described in our previous papers [1, 2]. They allowed determination of equilibrium composition of the metals complex forms and a stability analysis of the electrolyte. The alloys were synthesized within the potentials from - 0.7 V to - 1.1 V. The tests indicate a possibility of alloys synthesis already at the potential range < - 0.5 V. The alloys composition was analysed with the use of the EDS technique. The obtained alloys featured Pd content from 0.84 to 71.37 at.%.
1. Mech K, Żabiński P, Kowalik R (2013) Co-Reduction of Electrochemically Active [Co(H2O)6]2+ and [CoCl(H2O)5]+Complexes onto Gold Electrode. J Electrochem Soc 160 (6):D246 - D250
2. Mech K, Żabiński P, Kowalik R, Fitzner K (2013) Kinetics and Mechanism of [PdCl
x
(H2O)4−x
]2−x
(x = 3, 4) Complexes Electro-Reduction. J Electrochem Soc 160 (10):H770-H774
The Study of Dissolved Oxygen Control in TSV Electroplating Deposition
Authors: Kim Dae-Gil , Lee Dosun , Kim Sang-Yun 
Published: February 2020

As the device size have been continuously scaled down, it is difficult to have a reliable semiconductor device. TSV (Through Silicon Via) is one of the promising candidates to solve the problem.
In TSV, it is one of the important techniques to fill the hole without defect as a conductive material [1].
The copper (Cu) is commonly used as a filling material because Cu has good electrical conductivity and excellent signal transfer characteristic in the GHz band.
The electroplating (EP) is widely used for proper filling way due to its fast speed and low cost. [2].
In TSV EP, as the aspect ratio of the TSV filling is increased, it is a also critical issue to maintain fast and constant bottom-up filling rate without void.
In this study, the relationship between the bottom-up rate of TSV EP and key process parameters was analyzed. In particular, we focused on the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the electrolyte and experimented the relationship between bottom-up filling rate and DO.
Fig.1 shows the bottom-up filling rate as functions of a VMS additive "A", "S" and the DO concentration. In Fig. 1, the effect of the DO concentration is more sensitive than other additives in view of the filling rate.
Equ.1 describes Fig.1
Equ.1 shows the additive oxygen present in the VMS which reacts with Accelerator Acc. As a result, the amount of Acc. is reduced. DO concentration control the oxidation-reduction reaction in EP Process which results in the reduced Bottom-up Rate. [3,4].
Fig.2 shows the simplified picture of the degasser mounted on the VMS supply line where the gas molecules dissolved in the VMS are removed by vacuum. Consequently, the concentration of DO can be lowered.
Fig.3 shows the TSV filling images as functions of the device type and DO concentration. As shown in Fig. 3, the stable characteristics of TSV filling are developed by keeping the DO concentration less than 1.0ppm.
In this paper, we investigated the relationship between TSV bottom-up rates and DO concentration. From experimental results, we found that it is essential to keep the DO concentration less than 1ppm. We installed degasser for the VMS in order to obtain a constant low DO concentration. As a result, we were able to achieve the stable TSV bottom-up rate and yield improvement.
Pattern Formation in the Mercury Beating Heart System
Authors: Ocampo-Espindola Jorge Luis , Ramírez-Álvarez Elizeth , Montoya Fernando , Rivera Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2020

In this work is presented a phenomenological study of the mercury beating heart (MBH) in a configuration of three electrode electrochemical cell, where the mercury drop is the working electrode. We report the occurrence of a traveling wave on the MBH system as result of the chemo-mechanical processes taking place.
Under fixed potential conditions the drop changes its shape and rotates simultaneously. Using image processing, it was possible to gain information about angular velocities, changes in perimeter of the drop and periodicities in the spatiotemporal changes observed. Furthermore when a sinusoidal potential is applied, the mercury drop exhibit geometrical shapes and complex surface structures. Here the characterization study was realized by observing a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of a sinusoidal wave potential signal. As frequency increases, shapes with higher number of peaks and more complex surface structures appear. A possible resonant coupling of some traveling waves, originated by the electrochemical process and shaped by the mercury hydrodynamic, results in these complexes surface structures.
New Insights on Naproxen Quantification Using Voltammetry and Graphite Electrodes: Development of an Optimized and Competitive Methodology
Authors: Aguilar-Lira Guadalupe Yoselin , Álvarez-Romero Giaan Arturo , Rojas-Hernández Alberto , Páez-Hernández María Elena , Rodríguez-Ávila Jose Antonio , Romero-Romo Mario Alberto 
Published: February 2020

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s) comprise a group of compounds bearing different chemical structures, displaying primarily an inhibition capacity of the prostaglandins synthesis through inhibition of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase [1]. These medicaments share similarly undesirable pharmacological actions and effects. Naproxen is found among the group of widely prescribed and well-known pharmaceuticals, Figure 1, which exhibit anti-inflammatory analgesic and anti-pyretic properties [2]. The fact that naproxen is much more commonly used with and without appropriate medical prescription has made it necessary to implement stricter quality controls for this drug; during the last years it has also been considered an emerging contaminant in residual waters systems.

Figure 1. Naproxen’s chemical structure

Naproxen, acid ((S)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naftyl) propanoic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, frequently used to diminish pain, fever, inflammation and the stiffness provoked through osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other illnesses [3]. Naproxen is considered an NSAID of the propionic acid group with a pKa of 4.2, it is liposoluble, practically insoluble in water at pH < 4, though when the pH > 6, the reverse is true [1].
The present work discuses new findings in the electrochemistry of naproxen over graphite electrodes. This new approach, along with a formal optimization of the variables related with differential pulse voltammetry, allows the proposal of a simple and competitive low-cost method to carry out naproxen’s voltammetric quantification. Naproxen’s indirect quantification through an adsorption anodic wave was performed at a graphite bar electrode using differential pulse voltammetry. An anodic current maximum was recorded at a potential of -0.3 V referred to a saturated Ag/AgCl reference electrode, in the presence of 0.1 mol dm-
3 phosphates buffer at pH 7. A calibration plot was done, having a correlation coefficient of 0.990, with a sensibility of 4.19 ± 0.62 µA cm3 µg-
1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.68 and 3.3 µg cm-3, respectively, and a quantification interval of 3.3 - 28.18 µg cm-
3. The method proposed was adequate for naproxen quantification in pharmaceutical samples.

References

[1] P. Todd, S. Clissold, Naproxen. A reappraisal of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and pain states, Drugs 40 (1) (1990) 91-137.
[2] B. Raskin, Gastrointestinal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, Therapy Americ. J. Medic. 106 (1999) 3S–12S.
[3] C. Boynton, C. Dick, G. Mayer, NSAIDs: An Overview, J. Clin. Pharmacol. (28) 6 (1998) 512-517.
Effects of the Cross-Linking Agent on Electrochemical Performances of the Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries Prepared by In-Situ Thermal Polymerization with Trimethylolpropane Treiacrylate
Authors: Jeong Jiseon , Lee Hoogil , Shin Gyuho , Cho Insung , Choi Jaecheol , Ryou Myung-Hyun , Lee Yong Min 
Published: February 2020

All-solid lithium metal polymer batteries (LMPBs) consisting of lithium transition metal cathodes, polymer electrolytes and lithium (Li) metal anodes have long been investigated for over two decades to achieve higher level of energy density compared to those of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1-2]. Unfortunately, however, LMPBs have failed to come to the market because of their low level of standard to use; relatively poor ion conductivity level (<10-3 Scm-1) and high interfacial resistance. In order to improve these bottlenecks, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were developed by adding solvents into pure solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs).
In this study, we developed the novel GPE systems based on in-situ thermal polymerization process, which play as polymer electrolytes within pores of microporous polyethylene separators and polymeric binders for cathode at the same time. GPEs were synthesized via in-situ thermal polymerization process, and thus it is remarkably economical and easy to handle. We found optimum ratio of cross-linking agent for GPEs, and evaluated cell performance of LMPBs employing the same. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of GPEs upon surfaces of Li metal anodes and cathodes by monitoring the morphological changes of them by electron scanning microscopy (SEM) as a function of cross-linking agent concentration.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (2010-0025738).

References

[1] J.Y. Lee et al., Journal Solid State Electrochem 14 (2010) 1445–1449
[2] J.Y. Lee et al., Journal of Power Sources 174 (2007) 603–606
Catalytic Activity of Spherical Meso-Porous Pt Films-Deposited Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Substrate Covered By Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Iodine Reduction
Authors: Endo Michinori , Aoyama Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Mariko 
Published: February 2020

Platinum (Pt) is known to be one of the best catalysts for various electrochemical reactions although it is an expensive rare metal. Therefore, a investigation on reducing consumption of Pt is of great interest by many researchers. For this purpose, we recently focus our attention on a mesoporous Pt film which posses not only a large surface area but also extremely high catalytic activity for methanol oxidation [1].
To make most of the mesoporous Pt film effectively, we focus our attention to moderately small spherical configuration. Spherical configuration increase the active surface area for electrochemical reactions. However, the interface between Pt particles and the substrate is considered to yield high interfacial resistance because of the limited point contacts. Therefore, in this study, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), which is superior in mechanical strength and electric conductivity, a specific thermal conductivity, and the large surface area, was deposited to bypass the spherical mesoporous Pt film and the substrate as depicted in Fig.1. In this presentation, the redox reaction of the iodide ions will be mainly discussed for the application to dye-senstized solar cell.
MWCNT/mesoporous Pt composite film was prepared by two steps. At first, the mesoporous Pt was deposited on TiO2/ Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrates, and then the surface was wholly covered by MWCNT. The electrodeposition was performed in a three-electrode cell by chronoamperometry: various FTO substrates are used for working electrode, platinum wire for counter electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode for reference electrode. For the electrolyte, 20 mM K2PtCl4aqueous solution resolving 1.0 wt % Brij58 (Aldrich) was utilized. 10 mg/mL of CNT solution resolving sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was dropped on the mesoporous Pt film and dried at room temperature.
The spherical mesoporous Pt film was demonstrated to deposit at the potential of -0.1 V when a TiO2/FTO is used as substrate. Cyclic voltamograms of the bare TiO2/FTO substrate, and the TiO2/FTO substrates modified with the composite film, the spherical mesoporous Pt film, and the MWCNT film, respectively were measured in an acetonitrile solution consisting of 0.1M TBAP, 1 mM I2, and 0.1 M LiClO4. As shown in Fig.2, the reduction peak current corresponding to iodine reduction for the composite film showed approximately three times larger than that for the both substrates modified only with the spherical mesoporous Pt film and the MWCNT film. These results revealed that the composite film can be the best catalyst for iodine reduction.
[1] H. Wang et al., Chem. Mater., 2012, 24, 1591-1598.
Voltammetric Determination of Cisteine by Carbon Paste Electrode Cu-Hg Amalgamated
Authors: Molina Mayela , Gil Paulina Obdulia , Roa Gabriela , Macedo Guadalupe , Balderas Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Plants have a defense mechanism for dealing with heavy metals, so that they are produced rapidly due to the high toxicity of the heavy metals. By this plant defense mechanism occurs, phytochelatins which are polypeptides , wherein a glutamic acid is linked to a cysteine via a γ - peptide bond, so that they have an ability to form bonds with metals through group SH in the portion of the cysteine .
So it is very important find cheap and easily applied for the determination of phytochelatins methods. In literature are reported reported to an amalgam of Cu-Hg was efficient for determining phytochelatins by complexation of Cu+ with thiol groups by electrochemical methods such as voltammetry and polarography cathodic stripping voltammetry, [1].
So in this work is to obtain a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with a Cu-Hg amalgam by electrolysis to develop a methodology for the determination of cysteine .
The solutions used to obtain copper and mercury amalgam was a 0.05M concentration by applying a potential of -0.8V. Amalgam characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry , wherein the support electrolyte was a borate buffer of pH 8.1 0.05M in which electrochemical processes typical Cu oxidation and ensuring Hg amalgam was performed properly observed .
Subsequently technique cathodic stripping voltammetry (SCV) used for applying different potentials cysteine reservoir (Ed -0.28V) for 300 s and a potential sweep -0.1V to -1.0V. The graphics shows a reduction peak at -520mV associated Cu complex formation of cysteine-SR.
The technique has been applied so far has proven to be very efficient since according to literature marked the peak potential is reported in the literature.
This technique can be used as is relatively easy to perform and the data shown are very sensitive to very small quantities, although this technique is still used to determine concentrations of cysteine smaller. For later use it with a real sample in the determination of phytochelatins in mosses.
Works cited
[1] Y. B., S. I. y N. L., «Voltammetric determination of phytochelatins using Copper solid amalgam electrode,» Talanta, pp. 1253-1258, 2003.
Battery Division Research Award: From Insertion-compound Electrodes to Conversion-reaction Electrodes for Energy Storage
Authors: Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: February 2020

The current lithium-ion technology is based on insertion-compound cathodes and anodes. Layered and spinel oxides and olivine phosphates are the leading insertion-cathode hosts while graphite is the sole insertion-anode host at the present time. Each of the three cathode systems in play offers advantages and disadvantages while exhibiting rich but complex structural/chemical behaviors, and their adoption in practical cells is determined largely by the type of application. This presentation will focus on the challenges and prospects of transitioning from insertion-compound electrodes to next-generation, high-capacity, conversion-reaction electrodes.
First, an overview of how low-temperature synthesis and processing (e.g., chemical lithium extraction and microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis) approaches have assisted to develop a fundamental understanding of some of the complex behaviors of the three classes of cathodes. For example, with the use of low-temperature synthesis processes, the roles of the position of the transtion-metal:3d energy relative to the top of the oxygen:2p band, degree of metal-oxygen covalence, morphology and surface crystal planes, surface compositions, isovalent and aliovalent cationic and anionic doping on the electrochemical performances (e.g., capacity, irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle, rate capability, and cycle life) will be pointed out with representative examples.
Second, the potential of alternative, conversion-reaction, nanocomposite alloy anodes to overcome the safety issues of the graphite anode will be presented. Specifically, the use of facile mechanochemical reactions to realize nanoengineered alloy anodes both for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries will be discussed.
Third, novel electrode architectures as well as innovative cell designs to overcome the persistent problems of the conversion-reaction sulfur cathode will be presented. Specifically, approaches to enhance the electrochemical utilization of sulfur and suppress the migration of dissolved polysulfide ions to the anode will be discussed both with lithium-sulfur and ambient-temperature sodium-sulfur cells. Also, approaches to stabilize the lithium-metal anode surface in a polysulfide-rich environment will be outlined.
Fourth, to overcome the formidable challenges of aprotic lithium-air cells, the possibility of hybrid lithium-air cells in which a solid electrolyte separates the lithium-metal anode in an aprotic electrolyte from the air electrode in an aqueous catholyte will be briefly presented. Specifically, the design and development of inexpensive, efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction will be discussed.
In-Situ Synthesis of High Voltage Cathode Li2FeMn3O8 in Garnet Scaffold for Solid State Battery Application
Authors: Dai Jiaqi , Hitz Gregory , Han Xiaogang , Gong Yunhui , Thangadurai Venkataraman , Wachsman Eric D. , Hu Liangbing 
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The safety concern of Li-ion batteries due to the potential leakage and the flammability of the electrolyte severely hinders applications. The emergence of all-solid-state batteries, consisting of solid state electrodes and solid state ionic conductor electrolyte, will solve this safety problem because it eliminates the problematic liquid electrolytes.
One key issue that needs to be addressed in constructing such a battery is the contact between electrode and electrolyte. Different from liquid electrolytes that can submerge the cathodes, it is difficult for solid state electrolyte to have a sufficient touch with electrodes. A common cathode-side fabrication method is to mix the electrolyte powder with cathode powder and electronically conductive materials, yielding a point-to-point contact. This contact configuration limits the number of effective pathways of li-ion diffusion, therefore hurts the performance of the battery.
solves the aforementioned problems. Starting with precursor solutions, reactants are homogenously mixed at a molecular level, and are much easier to get into the scaffold than powders. Additionally, in-situ synthesis allows the high voltage cathode material to adhere to the surface of the electrolyte scaffold, yielding a face-to-face contact. This enlarges contact area, creating more pathways for Li-ion diffusion and improves the conductivity between the cathode and the electrolyte.

Experimental Methods

The high voltage cathode Li2FeMn3O8 (LFMO) is synthesized by glycine-nitrate combustion. Precursor solution containing metal nitrates and glycine with an optimized ratio is infiltrated into the porous garnet electrolyte scaffold. After drying at 300℃ combustion takes place. The pellet is subsequently annealed at 700℃ to achieve the desired LFMO phase. Finally, carbon nanotube ink is infiltrated to the scaffold to form a conductive network over the cathode.

Results

Fig. 1a shows a schematic of the cathode. With the conductive network and improved contact of cathode and electrolyte, it is expected to have an improved performance. As is shown in Fig. 1b, the cathode adheres to the surface of the scaffold, forming a face-to-face contact.
The LFMO cathode has been tested in LFMO/Li coin cell with LiPF6/ FEC electrolyte. Fig.2 a) gives the XRD spectrum of the cathode prepared by glycine-nitride combustion method. The spectrum matches with JCPDS#48-0258, indicating a Li2FeMn3O8 phase. Fig.2 b) shows the cycling performance of the cathode. It can be seen from the voltage profile of the tested cell that LFMO has two plateaus at around 4.1V and 4.9V, with capacity being 104mAh/g.