bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive removal of copper ions in water using electrospun cellulose acetate / chitosan nanostructured membrane
Authors: Aquino R R , Asuncion R M M , Cabungcal M A D E , Vicente S M V , Reyes L Q , Tolentino M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nanostructured membranes from cellulose acetate (CA) reinforced with chitosan (CS) were developed using electrospinning process and characterized in order to obtain the best blend for the removal of Cu2+ ions in wastewater. Different CA/CS ratios of 95:5 (w/w), 90:10 (w/w), and 85:15 (w/w), respectively, were prepared and electrospun on a constant voltage of 30 kV and a tip-to-collector distance of 18 cm, which are the optimum conditions for this blend. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the membrane in terms of its morphology and molecular structure. Among the three (3) blends prepared, CA with 15% load of chitosan had exhibited better membrane properties and therefore was utilized in the removal of Cu2+ ions in wastewater. The effect of contact time on the adsorption capacity at constant fiber dosage (0.05 g) in a 50 mL copper nitrate solution containing an initial concentration of 100 ppm Cu(II) was investigated. A strong affinity of Cu+2 ions for pure CA than CA/CS was observed after 4 hours of contact time. However, as equilibrium was established for CA/CS blend, the highest adsorption capacity was recorded. Adsorption kinetics studies were best fitted to pseudo-second-order model describing a chemisorption process that showed a covalent or electrostatic chemical bond between the adsorbent and adsorbate. CA loaded with CS in adsorption of Cu2+ ions in water showed that it is a novel process that could be widely used in the industry.
Evaluation for algae and microcystins in several reservoirs in Haihe River Basin
Authors: Zhang J , Meng X Z , Zhang S L , Wang Y Z , Xu W , Xu M X , Zhou X S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, algae and microcystins (MC-LR and MC-RR) were studied in 6 reservoirs in the northeastern part of Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that the eutrophication degree of most reservoirs has been obviously improved, but Yuqiao reservoir and Yanghe reservoir are still in the state of eutrophication. The MC-LR and MC-RR were also detected in Yuqiao reservoir and Yanghe reservoir. In addition, cyanobacteria were dominant spices in the eutrophic reservoirs, and the concentration of microcystins was positively correlated with algae density. Although the concentration of MC-LR is lower than the concentration limits of sanitary standard for drinking water. It is suggested that it should be monitored during the outbreak of cyanobacteria, especially in the later stage of outbreak considering a risk for the health of the water supply population.
Green synthesis of N-doped carbon quantum dots for the detection of nitrite ion in water sample
Authors: Zhao J , Song Q , Wu F , Guo X , Xu T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, a green hydrothermal method was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from Ecuadorian shrimp shell. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that N-CQDs had an amorphous carbon peak. Both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectra indicated the presence of C, O and N in N-CQDs. The elemental analysis revealed that the weight percentage of C, H and N in N-CQDs are 45.7%, 6.9% and 13.2%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image demonstrated N-CQDs had an average size of 3 nm and spherical shape. While quinine sulfate with 54% fluorescent quantum yield was used as a reference, the quantum output of N-CQDs was calculated to be 23.7%. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of N-CQDs showed that the maximum absorption wavelength was 275 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of N-CQDs displayed highest PL intensity at excitation and emission wavelengths of 323 and 407 nm, respectively. The results showed that the synthesized samples were N-CQDs. N-CQDs can be used as a fluorescent probe for nitrite ions in water. However, nitrite ion was not detected in Hu County River water and Xi’an tap water. This may be due to the absence of nitrite ion in the selected water samples.
Preparation and characterization of amino modified eucalyptus biochar
Authors: Shi Q L , Wu X Q , Zeng H H , Zhang H , Shahab A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Amino modified eucalyptus biochar (ABC) was prepared from eucalyptus biochar by amino amendment with ammonia, concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium dithionite. The preparation parameters of ABC were optimized by orthogonal experiment. It was found that the optimal preparation process of ABC was: carbonization temperature was 300°C, volume ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid was 2:1 and the consumption of ammonia water was 15 ml. The results of characterization indicated that the morphological structure of ABC changed, and the amino functional group was successfully loaded on the surface of the biochar.
Distributed hydrological modelling at multiple hydrological stations in the upper reach of Han River based on SWAT model
Authors: Yang Q , Liu D F , Liu H , Meng X M , Huang Q , Lin M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using distributed hydrological model to study runoff simulation in sub-watershed zones is important to understand the hydrological process in a river basin. In order to identify the sensitive parameters in different regions, in this paper, the SWAT model was constructed based in the upstream area of Shiquan hydrological station in the upper reach of the Han River. The SUFI-2 algorithm is used to analyze the parameter sensitivity of the five hydrological stations in Hanzhong, Yangxian, Shiquan, Youshuijie and Lianghekou, and the monthly runoff process of five stations and the daily runoff process at Shiquan hydrological station were calibrated in 2004-2009 and validated in 2010-2014, respectively. And the simulated results are evaluated at each station. The results show that, the parameter sensitivity of the hydrological stations is different. The value of NSE and R2 of the monthly runoff of each hydrological station were greater than 0.73 in calibration and validation period. The values of relative error are less than 18% except Yangxian station. The daily runoff simulation of Shiquan hydrological station also meets the accuracy requirement of the model. SWAT model has a good applicability in the upper area of Shiquan hydrological station, which provides a basis for the study of the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff in the upper reach of the Han River.
Effect of storm network simplification on flooding prediction with varying rainfall conditions
Authors: Cao X J , Ni G H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the context of climate change and urban expansion, cities are increasingly vulnerable to floods for increased frequency of rainfall extremes. Timely and accurate flooding prediction is crucial to reduce the losses of life and property. Despite its crucial role in urban hydrologic modelling, storm network, as a key component of urban drainage system, has to be simplified because of both the data availability and computation power. Current literatures have noted the effects of storm network simplification (SNS), while the understanding is limited to certain models and conditions and still far from sufficient. In this study, a grid-based urban hydrologic model was employed to further investigate the effects of SNS on flooding prediction under varying rainfall conditions. The results show that SNS significantly affects both peak flow and total flow volume, while simplification to different degrees may lead to opposite effects. Larger degree of simplification leads to underestimation of flooding magnitude, while smaller degree of simplification results in overestimation of flooding magnitude. More importantly, the simulation bias caused by SNS is further amplified with increased rainfall intensity and peak ratio, especially for higher degree simplifications where the underestimation bias of river discharge can be as large as three times. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study helps to further understand the effects of SNS, and provides some bias estimation for flooding prediction and management in urban areas.
Research on hydrological emergency monitoring scheme and technology of Barrier Lake
Authors: Deng S , Mei J Y , Zhou B , Zuo J , Zhang T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
After the occurrence of the barrier lake, the rapid and effective development of hydrological emergency monitoring plays a key role in formulating emergency plans and reducing the losses caused by secondary disasters. This paper introduces the main characteristics of hydrological emergency monitoring of barrier lake, and the overall situation of emergency monitoring of 11.3 Baige Barrier Lake in Jinsha River in 2018. The scheme of hydrological emergency monitoring of barrier lake is designed, and two non-contact hydrological emergency monitoring methods based on radar and LSPIV technology are proposed according to the existing emergency monitoring methods of barrier lake. It has practical guiding significance for hydrological emergency monitoring of Barrier Lake.
Trend analysis of monthly and annual runoff based on a segmented M-K method in Fuhe River basin, China
Authors: Lou S J , Mo L , Wang Y Q , Zhou J Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is very important for water resource management to analyse the change rule of runoff. In this paper, a segmented Mann-Kendall trend analysis method, which is called segmented M-K method in the following, is proposed to analyse the periods of significant trend within the time series. This method fills in the gap that the changes of internal trend for long sequence are ignored in M-K trend test, by finding out the significant change period within the long time series. It may be a new method for the analyse of runoff changes. Fuhe River, which is one of the main rivers of Poyang Lake in Yangtze River basin, is taken for example. Based on the runoff data of the Lijiadu section of the Fu River Basin from 1957 to 2015, the interannual variation of runoff over Lijiadu section in Fuhe River basin was quantitatively analysed by using a combined trend analysis method containing linear regression, sliding average, cumulative filter, Mann-Kendall trend test, Mann-Kendall mutation test and segmented M-K method. The results show a light interannual variety and a trend of insignificant increase in annual runoff for whole time series in Fuhe River Basin. However, an insignificant decrease trend, which might course a shortage of water for development and utilization, is found in the period from 1997 to 2015 while a significant increase trend is found between 1963 and 1985. The annual runoff alternates frequently between abundance and drought. However, its interannual variation of monthly runoff is large, and 3 months include January, December and August show a significant increase. From the result of segmented M-K method, both significant increase trend period and significant decrease trend period could be found in flood season months, while only significant increase trend period is found in other months. In addition, the increasing period is close to the middle part of the total time series in dry season months, to the front part in flood season months, and to the rear part in months after flood season.
A efficient urban surface flood model based on cellular automate technique and its application in Wuhan
Authors: Zhou X , Zhong Z Y , Guo S L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To achieve fast flood modelling for urban area, a efficient two-dimensional model based on cellular automata was developed and further coupled with a hydrological model. The model is tested using an analytical and a real event case. The analytical case results show that the model is capable of simulating water-depth process with good agreement with the analytical solution under a reasonable slope threshold and grid resolution. Slope threshold and grid resolution are the two key factors affecting the computational efficiency and model accurcay. In the case of the real event case, the results are also reasonably.In general, this model can be applied to rapid flood analysis in large urban areas.
Influence of underlying surface changes on flood characteristics of Xiaoqing River in Shandong Province, China using HEC-HMS model
Authors: Huang D J , Tian C C , Shan C J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The hydrological characteristics of the Xiaoqing River Basin (above Chahe Hydrological Station) in Shandong Province, China are changing due to increased urbanization. It has been found that since 1985 the constructed land area in the river basin has increased by 119% in 2015. Any changes in the river basin may increase the flood frequencies which may have severe consequences downstream of the river. We simulated the influence of underlying surface changes on flooding in the Xiaoqing river basin. The hydrological model HEC-HMS, a rainfall- runoff simulation model, was used to simulate the flood volume and the peak discharge values under the two underlying surface conditions in 1985 and 2015. The results indicated that influence of increased urbanization in 2015 increased in the flood volume and the peak discharge by approximately 17.8% and 15.4% on average respectively. Also the runoff R increases by 0.0058 mm for each unit increase of CN
2S
value under the unit rainfall.
Effect of meteorological factor on water consumption of farmland shelterbelt, Northwest China
Authors: Fu S , Xiao Y , Li H Y , Tu X S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Estimating farmland shelterbelt water use is important for oasis water resource management and agricultural development. Meteorological measurements combined with sap flow techniques were applied to study the mechanism of water consumption in farmland shelterbelt. Results showed that mean daily sap flow velocity and canopy transpiration of farmland shelterbelt varied from 429± 247 kg m−2 d−1 to 1495±634 kg m−2 d−1 and from 0.45 mm d−1 to 1.58 mm d−1. A multinomial model account for 81.3% of the variation was applied to explain canopy transpiration. Cross validation showed it provided good predictions of canopy transpiration for farmland shelterbelt. Knowing the relationship between climate variability and farmland shelterbelt water consumption is benefit for the management of water resources in oasis agriculture.
Study on benefits evaluation of water diversion project: Case study in water transfer from the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu
Authors: Wang D , Jia J W , Bing J P , Liang Z M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To resolve the uneven distribution of water resources and the imbalance between water demand and water supply in Taihu Basin, the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu water transfer (YTWTP) project has been built since 2002. It is considered as a necessary measure to insure the water supply of Taihu basin. For the prospective development of the YTWTP, the comprehensive benefits of the YTWTP were evaluated in this paper. Presently, many studies focus on the intergraded water resources management and the improvement of water environment after water diversion. There are fewer studies on comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion. Thus, in this paper, an evaluation framework for comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion project was constructed. It was contained of several quantitative methods. The water diversion in 2011 of the YTWTP was selected as the evaluation object. Both the direct and indirect benefits were calculated. It was shown that the comprehensive benefit came to 9.9379 billion yuan. Among them, the direct benefits reached 9.4189 billion yuan, the rest were the indirect benefits. Based on the integrated evaluation framework, the evaluation results indicated that the YTWTP has brought significant benefits on the intake area of Taihu basin. It can be considered as a reference on benefits evaluation of other water transfer projects.
Urban black-odor water body dynamic analysis with high-resolution remote sensing image
Authors: Zhang Q , Wang B W , Wang S F , Guo T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The black-odor water has significant negative impacts on the sustainable development of society and survival of mankind. The paper presents a new Urban Black-Odor Water (UBOW) model to identify the urban black-odor water body from high-resolution remote sensing image Gaofen-2(GF-2), to help monitor and control urban black-odor water bodies. The new UBOW model is derived from the analysis of the in-situ observation data and the spectral characteristics of GF-2. It takes advantage of the spectral difference at the blue band, the green band and the red band and has certain theoretical ground. The UBOW model can effectively identify the severe black-odor water and the mild black-odor water. The model is validated by the observation and the overall accuracy can be up to 81%. The UBOW model is used to analyze the dynamics of the urban black-odor water bodies of Beijing China, with monthly GF-2 images from March 2017 to October 2018. Results show that the urban black-odor water bodies, whether it is mild black-odor water bodies or severe black-odor water bodies, have been reduced significantly, which is consistent with the governmental report. This confirms that the Beijing government takes effective measurements to remedy the urban black-odor water bodies.
Investigations on online monitoring of ammonia nitrogen based on distillation-potentiometric titration
Authors: Liu Z Y , Cai Y J , Liu T , Pan H T , Sun X F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Water sample pretreatment system and titration detection system were intensely studied based on National environmental protection standards HJ 537-2009 ‘Water quality-Determination of ammonia nitrogen-Distillation-neutralization titration’. These studies pointed out several problems and difficulties, such as an accurate sampling of water, automatically regulate pH, the low efficiency of distillation, short stabilization time of mixing indicator, and the challenge in determining titration endpoints. Some technical solutions exist, and a new on-line monitor of ammonia nitrogen base on distillation-potentiometric titration was designed to measure metering performance indexes, method detection limit (MDL), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The results showed a maximum absolute error of 0.0398 mg/L on low concentration sample analysis (≤2 mg/L), the relative error reached 1.4% on high concentration sample analysis (>2 mg/L). The method detection limit and limit of quantitation were 0.025 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L, respectively, which could satisfy both A class and B class instruments of metering performance requirements in verification regulation of ammonia nitrogen automatic monitor.
Landscape spatial accessibility analysis of urban water system planning: A case study of Xixian New Area
Authors: Gao W F , Zhu J W , Hao X W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Urban water system planning is the special planning of urban master planning, and focuses on ensuring flood control and ecological security. Therefore, it is based on water conservancy disciplines, ignoring its coupling with urban planning and territorial spatial planning to some extent. The composition, structure, distribution pattern, scale and other factors of urban water system affect its security, ecological and landscape functions, and its spatial layout is extremely important. Paper analyses the layout of water system, chooses the landscape accessibility of water system space as the research object, establishes the model and analysis framework, takes the different scale cities as the research scope, chooses three water system planning of Xixian New Area as the case, concretely analyses and demonstrates the spatial accessibility of water system planning, and holds that water system and urban safety should be guaranteed at the macro level, and scientific water system planning should be hold at the medium level, and landscape design is in micro-level. The accessibility of water system landscape is an important aspect of water system planning, which provides scientific basis for rational layout and planning design, creating a good urban space environment.
Analysis of cooperative game of benefit distribution of contract for water saving in college based on modified Shapley value method
Authors: Zhu J W , Chen L , Zhao Y , Xie J C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using Game Theory as a theoretical tool for studying economic behaviors of both parties, a cooperative game model consisting of water-saving service companies and universities is established according to the characteristics of contract for water saving in college. Benefit allocation plan is solved by using shapley value method’s Characteristic which assigns by contribution degree. After further comprehensive consideration of four factors which impact on benefit distribution, a benefit distribution model of contract for water saving in college is established based on modified Shapley value method. Analysis by example shows water saving benefit flows from university to water-saving service company, achieving optimality in the sense of Pareto. The benefit compensation mechanism formed by the model can generate positive incentives for water-saving service companies. This study has practical significance for benefit distribution of contract for water saving in college.
Study on vulnerability assessment of Xiaoxiang water source in Qujing
Authors: Zeng J J , Li K M , Cui Y Q , Kang L F , Cao S Z 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost of the urban water sources in Yunnan Plateau Basin, which are mainly reservoir type, are located in Karst mountainous area, with low eco-environmental capacity, high sensitivity and strong vulnerability. However, the vulnerability assessment of water source area is the basis of scientific protection and ecological restoration measures of urban water source area in plateau basin. Based on the study of vulnerability, started from the point of view of the vulnerability of urban water sources in Yunnan plateau basin, and combined with the concept and connotation of urban water source vulnerability in plateau basin, this paper constructs an evaluation index system that reflects the vulnerability of urban water sources in the plateau basin. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of urban water source vulnerability in plateau basin is constructed by using the method of fuzzy mathematics, and an example is given to evaluate the vulnerability of Xiaoxiang urban water source in Qujing. The evaluation results show, then combined with the principle of maximum membership degree, it is concluded that the vulnerability comprehensive evaluation vector of Xiaoxiang water source area is (0.125, 0.087, 0.414, 0.359, 0.019), the Xiaoxiang water source area in Qujing is moderately fragile. Among them, hydrometeorological factors and eco-environmental factors are in a state of moderate vulnerability, water pollution factors are in a high vulnerability state, and surface disturbance factors are in a state of non-vulnerability.