bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic single‐site surgery in benign gynecologic diseases: Experiences and learning curve based on 626 robotic cases at a single institute
Authors: Yoo Hae K. , Cho Ahyoung , Cho Eun H. , Kim Soo J. , Shim Ji E. , Lee Sa R. , Jeong Kyungah , Moon Hye‐Sung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to report on 626 cases of successful robotic single‐site (RSS) surgeries to address various types of gynecologic disease and to evaluate the outcomes and learning curve inherent to RSS surgery in the gynecology field.MethodsA total of 626 cases of RSS surgeries were performed by 3 gynecologic surgeons at Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Robot Surgery Center from November 2014 to January 2018 were collected retrospectively. All of the patients' charts were reviewed, and the clinical characteristics and surgical variables were analyzed.ResultsAmong the total of 626 cases, there were 220 cases of RSS myomectomy (RSSM), 182 cases of RSS hysterectomy (RSSH), 195 of RSS adnexectomy, 24 of RSS sacrocolpopexy (RSS SCP) and 5 were classified as other RSS surgeries. The patient's mean age was 38.98 ± 10.07 years. There was 3.99 ± 2.15 min of mean docking time and 117.78 ± 51.18 min of mean operating time. The surgical variables were analyzed annually. The total operating time was seen to decrease significantly according to each period. The docking time declined significantly and gradually after 1 year. We also analyzed each of the surgical types by time. The operating time of RSSH, RSSM, RSS adnexectomy and RSS SCP fell over time. The tendency found was for operating time to decline sharply following the first 10 cases. When we analyzed the data at annual intervals, the operating time was most significantly less and stable following the first year. There were a few intraoperative or perioperative complications in 16 cases (2.6%).ConclusionRobotic single‐site surgery is a feasible and safe procedure for treating various kinds of gynecologic diseases. The learning curve was approximately 10 cases of RSS surgery in gynecologic disease, having a greater amount of experience at performing RSS surgery was revealed to be key to achieving better surgical outcomes.
Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation
Authors: Kirkland J. L. , Tchkonia T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSenolytics are a class of drugs that selectively clear senescent cells (SC). The first senolytic drugs Dasatinib, Quercetin, Fisetin and Navitoclax were discovered using a hypothesis‐driven approach. SC accumulate with ageing and at causal sites of multiple chronic disorders, including diseases accounting for the bulk of morbidity, mortality and health expenditures. The most deleterious SC are resistant to apoptosis and have up‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic pathways which defend SC against their own inflammatory senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to survive, despite killing neighbouring cells. Senolytics transiently disable these SCAPs, causing apoptosis of those SC with a tissue‐destructive SASP. Because SC take weeks to reaccumulate, senolytics can be administered intermittently – a ‘hit‐and‐run’ approach. In preclinical models, senolytics delay, prevent or alleviate frailty, cancers and cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, liver, kidney, musculoskeletal, lung, eye, haematological, metabolic and skin disorders as well as complications of organ transplantation, radiation and cancer treatment. As anticipated for agents targeting the fundamental ageing mechanisms that are ‘root cause’ contributors to multiple disorders, potential uses of senolytics are protean, potentially alleviating over 40 conditions in preclinical studies, opening a new route for treating age‐related dysfunction and diseases. Early pilot trials of senolytics suggest they decrease senescent cells, reduce inflammation and alleviate frailty in humans. Clinical trials for diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, COVID‐19, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, eye diseases and bone marrow transplant and childhood cancer survivors are underway or beginning. Until such studies are done, it is too early for senolytics to be used outside of clinical trials.
Effects of two Postprocessing Methods onto Surface Dimension of in‐Office Fabricated Stereolithographic Implant Surgical Guides
Authors: Ammoun Rami , Dalal Nishchal , Abdulmajeed Aous A. , Deeb George R. , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of two postprocessing methods in terms of the overall, intaglio, and cameo surface dimensions of in‐office stereolithographic fabricated implant surgical guides.Materials and methodsTwenty identical implant surgical guides were fabricated using a stereolithographic printer. Ten guides were postprocessed using an automated method. The other ten guides were postprocessed using a series of hand washing in combination with ultrasonics. Each guide was then scanned using cone‐beam computed tomography to produce a set of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files which were converted into standard tessellation language (STL) files. The STL file was then superimposed onto the original STL design file using the best fit alignment. The average positive and negative surface discrepancy differences in terms of means and variances were analyzed using t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsFor the alternative group, the average positive and negative overall, intaglio, and cameo surface discrepancies were 77.38 ± 10.68 µm and –67.74 ± 6.55 µm; 78.83 ± 8.65 µm and –68.16 ± 5.26 µm; and 70.5 ± 8.48 µm –64.84 ± 5.55 µm, respectively. For the automated group, the average positive and negative overall, intaglio, and cameo surface discrepancies were 51.88 ± 4.38 µm and –170.7 ± 11.49 µm; 64.3 ± 4.44 µm and –89.45 ± 6.25 µm; and 83.59 ± 4.81 µm and –144.26 ± 13.19 µm, respectively. There was a statistical difference between the means of the two methods for the overall, intaglio, and cameo positive and negative discrepancies (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFor a single implant tooth‐supported implant guide, using hand washing with ultrasonics appeared to be consistently better than the automated method. The manual method presented with more positive discrepancies, while the automated method presented with more negative discrepancies.
Working toward a purpose: Examining the cross‐sectional and longitudinal effects of work characteristics on sense of purpose
Authors: Weston Sara J. , Hill Patrick L. , Cardador M. Teresa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmployment appears to influence employees' sense of purpose, insofar as work roles can provide life direction and allow individuals to fulfill meaningful aims or have regular goal‐related activity engagement. However, research is needed on which specific characteristics of the work predict employees' sense of purpose. The current study sought to quantitate the degree to which specific work characteristics, including skill variety, autonomy, coworker support, and supervisor support, were associated with initial levels and changes in purpose. Additionally, we examine positive and negative work‐home spillover as moderators of these relationships.MethodsWe examined hypothesized relationships in a subsample (N = 4,963) of a nationally representative panel study which included between two and three assessments of work characteristics, spillover, and sense of purpose, each roughly 10 years apart.ResultsUsing multilevel models to assess within‐person associations and lagged effects, we found that greater skill variety and coworker support but not autonomy or supervisor support, were associated with higher levels of purpose. Moreover, increases in purpose were associated with higher initial levels of skill variety. These relationships were not moderated by spillover.ConclusionIndividuals with skill variety and coworker support at work appear to experience the strongest levels of sense of purpose.
Perceived Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Substance Use Outcomes
Authors: Fay Heather , LoParo Devon , Shentu Yujia , Vasquez Desirae , Welsh Justine W. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhether parental permission of alcohol and other drug use in a home environment is protective against substance‐related negative outcomes remains controversial. We investigated substance use at home, with or without parental knowledge, and its association with substance‐related consequences.METHODSThe sample consisted of 21,207 U.S. students in the 6th to 12th grades surveyed between 2009 and 2017. Substance use patterns and rates of negative outcomes were analyzed by comparing groups of participants who had not used at home, or had used at home with and/or without parental knowledge.RESULTSAdolescents who used substances at home without parental knowledge used alcohol and substances in greater amounts, and tended to have more negative outcomes than those who did not. Students who had not used at home or had used only with parental knowledge tended to have lower levels of use and negative outcomes.CONCLUSIONSUsing at home without parental knowledge was a consistent risk factor for substance‐related negative outcomes. These results highlight the importance of screening adolescents for the use of alcohol or drugs in the home without parental knowledge, as well as attempting to prevent substance use in the household.
Public Shaming and Attacks on Social Media: The Case of White Evangelical Christians
Authors: Cai Deborah A. , Tolan Colleen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we compare public shaming with attacks on social media by looking at how these tactics have been used regarding White Evangelical Christians in the United States within the current political climate. We first examine public shaming historically and then in its current form on social media. Then, we differentiate shaming from attacks and argue that this distinction is vital for understanding the goals and motives of online use of these tactics. By making this comparison, we can identify the motives and goals of using these types of posts. We conclude with considerations and recommendations about conflict on social media.
Body mass index and all‐cause mortality in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: A dose–response meta‐analysis of obesity paradox
Authors: Mei Xiaofei , Hu Shengda , Mi Lijie , Zhou Yafeng , Chen Tan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality of patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still controversial. We hope to explore whether the ‘obesity paradox’ really exists through this dose–response meta‐analysis. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for eligible studies up to April 2020. The random‐effects restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the potential non‐linear relationship between BMI and all‐cause mortality of patients undergoing PCI. Fifteen studies were identified and included total 138 592 participants. The pooled hazard ratio of all‐cause mortality was 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.82) when compared the highest category (mean = 33.32 kg m−2) of BMI with the lowest category (mean = 18.89 kg m−2). A non‐linear U‐shaped dose–response curve between BMI and the risk of all‐cause mortality was found, with higher mortality rate at BMI lower than 27 kg m−2 and higher than 32 kg m−2. The ‘obesity paradox’ does exist after PCI. The association between BMI and the risk of all‐cause mortality for patients undergoing PCI is U shaped, with a nadir of risk at a BMI of 27 to 32 kg m−2 and the highest risk at patients with underweight. The relationship between other prognostic indicators and BMI is worthy of further research.
Detection of serum/salivary exosomal Alix in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nakamichi Eiji , Sakakura Hiroki , Mii Shinji , Yamamoto Noriyuki , Hibi Hideharu , Asai Masato , Takahashi Masahide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveOwing to variations in the exterior appearances of noncancerous diseases in the oral cavity, clinicians may have difficulty diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Tissue biopsy is confirmatory, but invasive. Therefore, reliable tumor markers for OSCC are required. Here, exosomal Alix (exoAlix) levels were measured in serum/salivary samples from patients with OSCC and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsFifty‐seven patients admitted to Nagoya University Hospital from 2017 through 2019 were enrolled, and serum samples (OSCC, n = 29; HC, n = 21) and/or saliva samples (OSCC, n = 23; HC, n = 20) were collected. Exosomal fractions were isolated using ultracentrifugation. ExoAlix levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum/salivary exoAlix levels were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in HCs. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and area under the curve were 0.345, 1.000, 1.000, and 0.685, respectively, for serum exoAlix and 0.348, 1.000, 1.000, and 0.712, respectively, for salivary exoAlix at optimal cut‐off values (serum, 0.205; saliva, 0.193). All tested OSCC tissue sections (n = 21) were immuno‐reactive for Alix.ConclusionSerum and salivary exoAlix were identified as potential diagnostic OSCC biomarkers. Serum exoAlix was suitable for prediction of therapeutic responses.
SNPs at TP63 gene was specifically associated with right‐side cleft lip in Han Chinese population
Authors: Yin Bin , Shi Jia‐Yu , Lin Yan‐Song , Shi Bing , Jia Zhong‐Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesNon‐syndromic cleft lip with or without palate is one of the most common birth malformations. TP63 and GREM1 were recently reported to be associated with NSCL/P. However, there were few studies focused on their associations in non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO).DesignInitial screening and replication in large cohorts were used to locate the susceptible SNPs of TP63 and GREM1. Firstly, variations were screened among 192 NSCLO cases by the Sanger sequencing. Then, we selected five associated SNPs in initial screening phase and replicated among 1,006 NSCLO cases and 1,823 normal controls.ResultsInitial chi‐square test showed that rs7653848, rs7624324, rs6790167, and rs1345186 in TP63 and rs2280738 in GREM1 achieved statistical significance (p < .05); the subsequent replication analysis showed that rs1345186 was specifically significant in right‐side cleft lip (RCL; p = .017, OR = 1.33, and 95% CI: 1.05–1.69).ConclusionThis study firstly used the subphenotype of cleft lip samples to verify the association between TP63 and GREM1, which indicated that TP63 is a promising susceptible gene for RCL in Chinese population. And further confirmed the different etiology in the right‐sided cleft lip, left‐sided cleft lip, and bilateral cleft lip of NSCLO. This will give new reference for the future research and genetic counseling.
Epidermolysis bullosa with congenital absence of skin: Review of the literature
Authors: Martinez‐Moreno Adrian , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Alba‐Rojas Erika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBart syndrome was initially described as association of congenital absence of skin (CAS), nail abnormalities, and epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Further reports of patients with CAS and EB have been made with wide clinical heterogeneity among them. Current guidelines recommend the elimination of eponyms and use of the descriptive term EB with CAS.MethodsWe performed a PubMed and Medline database search of patients with Bart syndrome or EB with CAS. We included case reports or case series that contained clinical and demographic information.ResultsAfter review, 55 articles were included, reporting 96 patients. CAS involved the lower extremities in all patients, with additional upper limb, trunk, or head involvement in 17%. In all patients, the time to healing ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months; most received only conservative treatment. The subtype and frequency of associated EB most frequently reported were recessive dystrophic EB (41.4%) and dominant dystrophic EB (22.8%). Extracutaneous features were present in 29 patients; with pyloric atresia and ear malformations being the most common. The prognosis varied based on the subtype of EB and the presence of additional comorbidities; 50% of the patients with junctional EB with pyloric atresia and CAS died during the first months of life, while mortality among those with recessive dystrophic EB was 6.8%.ConclusionEpidermolysis bullosa with CAS is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, most often associated with recessive dystrophic EB, but other EB subtypes may occur. Further investigations are necessary to better establish a pathological mechanism for CAS, and its association with EB.
Attentional capture by a color singleton is stronger at spatially relevant than irrelevant locations: Evidence from an ERP study
Authors: Su Yuling , Huang Wanyi , Yang Nan , Yan Ke , Ding Yulong , Qu Zhe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTop‐down spatial attention can modulate contingent attentional capture, but the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Using variants of spatial cueing paradigms, our previous event‐related potential study showed that peripheral color singleton cues with task‐relevant features captured attention (indexed by cue‐elicited N2pc) even when the targets appeared at central locations, but the magnitude of attentional capture was smaller than when the targets appeared at same peripheral locations. One reasonable explanation is that the modulation effect is due to spatial relevance of cues. However, several other confounding factors might also explain the modulation effect, such as task difficulty, spread of attentional window, and inside/outside relation between cue and attentional window. In the present study, we rearranged the relative locations between cues and targets to control these factors and to further examine whether inequivalence of attentional capture across attended and unattended locations was a common phenomenon. In two experiments, color singleton cues elicited apparent N2pc components when participants were searching for targets possessing the same color, which replicated typical findings of contingent attentional capture. More importantly, the modulation effect of top‐down spatial attention on the cue‐elicited N2pc still existed even when the factors of task difficulty (Experiment 1), spread of attentional window (Experiment 1), or inside/outside relation between cue and attentional window (Experiment 2) were controlled. These results consistently demonstrate that attentional capture by a color singleton is stronger at spatially relevant locations than at spatially irrelevant locations, suggesting an important role of spatial relevance on contingent attentional capture.
Effects of slow freezing and vitrification on embryo development in domestic cat
Authors: Mokrousova Valentina I. , Okotrub Konstantin A. , Brusentsev Eugeny Y. , Kizilova Elena A. , Surovtsev Nikolai V. , Amstislavsky Sergei Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCryopreservation of gametes and embryos is used to maintain genetic diversity of domestic and wild felids. However, felid oocytes and preimplantation embryos contain large amount of intracellular lipids, which affect their cryosensitivity. The objective was to compare the effects of slow freezing and vitrification and to study lipid phase transition (LPT) during cooling in cat embryos. In vitro‐derived embryos were cultured 48 hr up to 4–8 cell stage, thereafter were either slow frozen or vitrified. Propylene glycol (PG) alone was used as a cryoprotective agent (CPA) for slow freezing, and a mixture of PG and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as CPAs for vitrification. After thawing/warming, embryos were in vitro cultured additionally for 72 hr. The total time of in vitro culture was 120 hr for all the groups including non‐frozen controls. Effects of both cryopreservation procedures on the subsequent embryo development and nuclear fragmentation rate in embryonic cells were compared. There was no significant differences among the percentages of embryos achieved morula and early blastocyst stage in frozen‐thawed group (36.4% and 20.0%), in vitrified‐warmed group (34.3% and 28.6%) and in controls (55.6% and 25.9%). Cell numbers as well as nuclear fragmentation rate did not differ in these three groups. Average lipid phase transition (LPT) temperature (T*) was found to be relatively low (–2.2 ± 1.3°C) for the domestic cat embryos. It is supposed that the low LPT of LDs may provide a good background for successful application of slow freezing to domestic cat embryos. Generally, our study indicates that slow freezing and vitrification are both applicable for domestic cat embryo cryopreservation.
Single Layer Centrifugation with 20% or 30% Porcicoll separates the majority of spermatozoa from a sample without adversely affecting sperm quality
Authors: Deori Sourabh , Johannisson Anders , Morrell Jane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCentrifugation of boar semen through one layer of 40% colloid (Porcicoll) was previously shown to separate spermatozoa from bacteria without having a detrimental effect on sperm quality. However, some spermatozoa were lost. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether 20% or 30% Porcicoll could be used to recover most of the spermatozoa without impacting on sperm quality. Insemination doses (n = 10) from a commercial boar station were sent to the laboratory at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and processed by Single Layer Centrifugation with 20% and 30% Porcicoll approximately 7 hr after semen collection. The resulting sperm samples and controls were evaluated for sperm quality immediately and again after storage at 16–18°C for 4 and 7 days. Sperm recovery was 94 ± 18% and 87 ± 15% for 20% and 30% Porcicoll, respectively (p > .05). Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and chromatin integrity were unaffected (p > .05). The proportion of live spermatozoa producing superoxide (9 ± 8%, 7 ± 6% and 3 ± 1%; p < .05), and the proportion of spermatozoa with high stainability DNA (0.68 ± 19%, 0.61 ± 0.22% and 0.96 ± 0.23%; p < .05‐ <0.01), were marginally increased whereas membrane integrity, although high, was lower in the centrifuged samples than in the controls (82 ± 8%, 83 ± 5% versus 92 ± 4%; p < .05). In conclusion, centrifugation through 20% or 30% Porcicoll enables most spermatozoa to be recovered, without having a major effect on sperm quality. These results are encouraging for further studies involving microbiological investigation of the processed samples, and scaling‐up to process larger volumes of boar ejaculates.
How do external conditions affect the design of local governments' sustainability strategies?
Authors: Ji Hyunjung , Darnall Nicole 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLocal governments nationwide have been adopting a variety of sustainability practices in the absence of strong federal guidance. The collection of these practices, which differ in design, forms the local government's sustainability strategy. Some local governments may develop a more focused sustainability strategy to achieve more predictable environmental benefits around a narrower array of environmental issues. By contrast, other local governments are developing a more comprehensive sustainability strategy that is more broadly focused to address complex, interconnected environmental issues. However, the external conditions that give rise to these different strategies is not well understood. Drawing on data for more than 950 U.S. municipal governments, this study provides important evidence that local governments' comprehensive sustainability strategies are influenced more by their community contituents and external environmental settings, with greater pressures in particular from constituents in new economy industries and environmental NGOs. These strategies are also more strongly related to higher disaster risk in the external environmental setting than more focused sustainability strategies. These findings broaden our understanding about why local governments' sustainability strategies differ in their design, which may provide a starting point for understanding how different sustainability strategies relate to actual environmental performance outcomes.