bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonosmotic secretion of arginine vasopressin and salt loss in hyponatremia in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Miura Kenichiro , Harita Yutaka , Takahashi Naoto , Tsurumi Haruko , Yasudo Hiroki , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Hirata Yoichiro , Inuzuka Ryo , Takizawa Keiichi , Toyofuku Etsushi , Nishimoto Hajime , Takamizawa Masaru , Ando Taro , Sugawa Masahiro , Yanagisawa Atsuhiro , Inatomi Jun , Nogimori Yoshitsugu , Kinumaki Akiko , Namai Yoshiyuki , Hattori Motoshi , Oka Akira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe precise mechanism of hyponatremia in Kawasaki disease (KD) remains elusive because assessment of volume status based on serial changes in body weight is lacking in previous reports.MethodsSeventeen patients who were diagnosed with KD and hyponatremia (serum sodium levels <135 mmol/L) were analyzed. Volume status was assessed based on serial changes in body weight. Plasma arginine vasopressin (ADH), urine electrolytes, and serum cytokine levels were measured on diagnosis of hyponatremia. An increase in body weight by >3% was defined as hypervolemia and a decrease in body weight by >3% was defined as hypovolemia.ResultsThe volume status was hypervolemic in three patients (18%), euvolemic in 14 (82%), and hypovolemic in none (0%). Five (29%) patients were diagnosed with “syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone” (SIADH) and no patients were diagnosed with hypotonic dehydration. The contribution of decreased total exchangeable cations (salt loss) to hyponatremia (5.9% [interquartile range, 4.3%, 6.7%]) was significantly larger than that of increased total body water (−0.7% [−1.8%, 3.1%]) (P = 0.004). Serum interleukin‐6 levels were elevated in all of the nine patients who were evaluated. Among the 12 (71%) patients who did not meet the criteria of SIADH and hypotonic dehydration, plasma ADH levels were inappropriately high in ten patients. These patients were also characterized by euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia and salt loss, which might be compatible with a diagnosis of SIADH.ConclusionsOur study shows that hyponatremia in KD is euvolemic or hypervolemic and is associated with nonosmotic secretion of ADH and salt loss in the majority of patients.
Crowdsourced analysis of factors and misconceptions associated with parental willingness to donate their child's organs
Authors: Jones Amy H. , Jacobs Marni B. , October Tessie W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe evaluated factors associated with a parental willingness to donate their child's organs. A twenty‐one‐question survey was administered to US parents with at least one child to measure organ donation acceptability and brain death beliefs using an online crowdsourcing medium, Amazon's Mechanical Turk Prime. We collected 425 surveys; 76% were willing to donate their own and 65% willing to donate their child's organs. Parents who agreed brain death was synonymous with death (47%) were 2.37 times more willing to donate. Compared with White respondents, Black (OR 5.27, CI 2.81, 9.88) and Hispanic (OR 2.24, CI 1.06‐4.75) participants were more likely to believe doctors “steal organs from patients” and “declare someone dead based on their skin color” (OR 4.97, CI 2.65‐9.32; OR 2.19, CI 1.01‐4.72, respectively). Lower income participants were also more likely to believe doctors “steal organs from patients,” OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.68‐0.96 for increasing income) and “declare someone dead based on how much money they have,” OR 0.80 (95% CI 0.67‐0.96 for increasing income). Confusion surrounding brain death and skepticism (particularly among racial and ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic groups) toward doctors' motivations for donation contribute to lack of parental willingness to donate.
Combined association of BTEX and material hardship on ADHD‐suggestive behaviours among a nationally representative sample of US children
Authors: Dellefratte Kayla , Stingone Jeanette A. , Claudio Luz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research shows that environmental and social factors contribute to the development of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between early‐life exposure to common ambient air pollutants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, also known as BTEX), household material hardship (a measure of socio‐economic status), and ADHD‐suggestive behaviours in kindergarten‐age children.MethodsPollutant exposure estimated from the 2002 National Air Toxics Assessment at each child's residential ZIP code at enrolment was linked to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort (n = 4650). Material hardship was assigned as a composite score of access to food, health care, and housing. Kindergarten teachers rated children's behaviours and activity in the classroom using a five‐point Likert scale. Children with summary scores in the bottom decile were classified as displaying ADHD‐suggestive behaviours. Logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between both BTEX exposure and material hardship on ADHD‐suggestive behaviours.ResultsThe odds of displaying ADHD‐suggestive behaviours were greater in children with combined high‐level exposure to BTEX and in those experiencing material hardship (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12, 2.11, and OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.25, 3.59, respectively), adjusting for covariates. These associations were stronger when restricting the study population to urban areas. There was no evidence of interaction between early life BTEX exposure and material hardship, although the effects of BTEX exposure were slightly greater in magnitude among those with higher material hardship scores.ConclusionsChildren exposed to air toxics, material hardship, or both early in life are more likely to display signs of ADHD‐suggestive behaviours as assessed by their kindergarten teachers. The associations between exposures to air pollution and to socio‐economic hardship were observed in all children but were particularly strong in those living in urban areas.
Searching for the true religion: the Church History of the Magdeburg Centuries between critical methods and confessional polemics
Authors: Bollbuck Harald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Magdeburg Centuries (1559–74) constituted the first attempt at a comprehensive Lutheran church history. Written as a collaborative project and starting its account in the Apostolic age, the Centuries aimed also to describe the theological changes of their own century, although the printed version extended only to the thirteenth century. In its development, the project was closely connected to the so‐called Chancery of God, a propaganda office of strict Lutheran theologians in Magdeburg which worked against the emperor, the Catholic Church and confessional opponents in Wittenberg. Written during a time of political threats, the work was driven by apocalyptic thinking and a certain scepticism about authorities. The search for historical testimonies of religious truth, the critical methods of a humanist education, the deconstruction of myths, and the writing for specific confessional goals intermingled and informed the compilation of excerpts from historical sources. The authors of the Magdeburg Centuries used these different techniques according to their needs.
Nursing knowledge of the principles of self‐care of heart failure in primary care: a multicentre study
Authors: Dalfó‐Pibernat Artur , Duran Xavier , Garin Olatz , Enjuanes Cristina , Calero Molina Esther , Hidalgo Quirós Encarnación , Cladellas Capdevila Mercè , Rebagliato Nadal Oriol , Dalfó Baqué Antoni , Comin-Colet Josep 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionNurses play an important part in the education of patients with HF. To prepare patients with HF for self‐care maintenance behaviours, nurses must have knowledge of basic self‐care maintenance principles.Aim studyThe aim of this study was to determine the degree of knowledge of primary care (PC) nurses on the principles of self‐management of HF and variables associated with this.MethodologyThis is an observational, cross‐sectional descriptive study, carried out in 2014, in the city of Barcelona (Catalonia). Nurses’ Knowledge of Heart Failure Education Principles questionnaire (NKHFEP) was used to assess the principles of HF self‐care education. Instrument items assess knowledge of nurses on 5 themes: diet, liquids/weight, worsening signs or symptoms, medication and exercise. Factors related to adequate knowledge were evaluated.ResultsOf 216 PC nurses, who completed the questionnaire, the average score was 15.6 (SD: 2.2). Only 36 (16.7%) obtained an adequate level of knowledge and defined as a score ≥ 18 points. In multivariate logistic regression, nurse factors associated with an adequate knowledge of principles of self‐care of HF were having achieved a PhD degree (OR: 36.4, 95% CI: 2.8–468.2, p = 0.006) and previous specific training in HF (OR: 19.8, 95% CI: 1.4–279.3, p = 0.026).ConclusionsThe degree of knowledge of PC nurses in the principles of self‐care in HF was higher among nurses who had completed the doctorate and in nurses who had received specific training in HF.
The relation between self‐efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and caregiver burden
Authors: Kar Semiha , Zengin Neriman 
Published: October 2019

AimThe study was conducted to examine the relation between self‐efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and caregiver burden.Material and methodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study included 200 patients with stage II and III COPD presenting to hospital between June and November in 2017 and their caregivers. Data were gathered with a questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test and COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale from the patients. A questionnaire and Caregiver Burden Scale was used to collect data from the caregivers. Obtained data were analysed with the descriptive statistics numbers, percentages, mean, median and standard deviation. Spearman’s correlation analysis was utilised to examine the relation between paired groups.ResultsThe mean age of the patients with COPD was 63.53 years and 51.1% of the patients were female. The mean age of the caregivers was 48.88 ± 14.09 years. 54.4% of the caregivers were aged 40–60 years, and 59.9% of the caregivers were female. The mean score was 26.97 ± 5.25 for COPD Assessment Test and 2.32 ± 0.43 for COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale. Of all the caregivers, 64.8% had mild caregiving burden and 18.1% had moderate caregiving burden. The mean score for Caregiver Burden Scale had a significant, moderate relation with the mean score for the subscale physical effort in COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale (r = −0.42; p < 0.01) and had a significant, weak, negative relation with the mean total score for COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale and the mean scores for its subscales. There was a significant, moderate, positive relation between the mean scores for Caregiver Burden and COPD Assessment Test (r = 0.51; p < 0.001) and a significant, negative relation between the scores for COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale and its subscales and the scores for CAT (r = −0.26 ‐ r = −0.52; p < 0.05).ConclusionAs self‐efficacy in COPD patients increases, their health and daily lives are affected less by COPD and caregiver burden decreases.
A 1.25 Ga depositional age for the “Paleoproterozoic” Mapedi red beds, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: New constraints on the timing of oxidative weathering and hematite mineralization
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R. , Zi Jian-Wei , Tsikos Harilaos , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) is marked by the loss of readily oxidizable detrital minerals and the onset of oxidative weathering. One of the oldest post-GOE weathering surfaces, which extends for almost 350 km along strike, occurs in Griqualand West, South Africa. It is best preserved east of the Blackridge thrust, where oxidized paleoweathering profiles are developed below the unconformity at the base of Mapedi-Gamagara red beds. In the Maremane Dome, the red beds preserve pisolitic hematite laterites, which indicate a highly oxygenated atmosphere and suggest hot and humid climatic conditions. The Mapedi and Gamagara Formations are undated east of the Blackridge thrust but were thought to be lithological correlatives of the ≥1.91 Ga Mapedi red bed sequence to the west. Here, we report a U-Pb zircon age of 1.25 Ga for a felsic tuff in red beds of the Mapedi Formation in the Kalahari manganese field. The new tuff age shows that the Mapedi red beds east of the thrust were deposited &gt;650 m.y. after the Mapedi Formation to the west, and therefore they are part of a distinct Mesoproterozoic sequence. Based on lithologic and sedimentological similarities, the Mapedi-east and Gamagara formations are likely to be correlatives that were deposited on an ancient weathering surface at ca. 1.25 Ga. Our findings suggest that key evidence for a highly oxygenated atmosphere during the early Paleoproterozoic actually formed at ca. 1.25 Ga during a major episode of Mesoproterozoic oxidative weathering.
Statistical analysis of crystal populations and links to volcano deformation for more robust estimates of magma replenishment volumes
Authors: Cheng Lilu , Costa Fidel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forecasting the timing and size of volcanic eruptions requires a proper interpretation of multiparametric monitoring signals. Studies of the erupted rocks can provide critical information on the processes and volcano plumbing system that is needed to decode the monitoring signals. Here we present the results of a petrological study of plagioclase phenocrysts using a new statistical approach that allows us to estimate the amount of intruded magma before eruption. Our crystal population analysis of the 2006 and 2010 CE Merapi volcano (Indonesia) eruptions shows that ∼60 ± 20 vol% of the 2010 magma was left over from the 2006 magma, and thus ∼40 ± 20 vol% was newly intruded magma. Using the published values of the 2010 erupted magma volume, this corresponds to >8 to 20 (±7) × 106 m3 of new magma. This is a minimum estimate and is similar to the inferred pre-eruptive deformation volume (18 ×106 m3), although given the uncertainties, several million cubic meters of magma intruded in 2010 could still be in the Merapi plumbing system. Our approach could be used at other volcanoes to quantify the volume of intruded magma and thus help in better understanding the unrest signals that anticipate eruptions.
Thrombocytopenia and Mortality Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis From the START Registry
Authors: Pastori Daniele , Antonucci Emilia , Violi Francesco , Palareti Gualtiero , Pignatelli Pasquale , Testa Sophie , Paoletti Oriana , Cosmi Benilde , Guazzaloca Giuliana , Migliaccio Ludovica , Poli Daniela , Marcucci Rossella , Maggini Niccolò , Pengo Vittorio , Falanga Anna , Lerede Teresa , Ruocco Lucia , Martini Giuliana , Pedrini Simona , Bertola Federica , Masciocco Lucilla , Saracino Pasquale , Benvenuto Angelo , Vasselli Claudio , Violi Francesco , Pignatelli Pasquale , Pastori Daniele , Grandone Elvira , Colaizzo Donatella , Marzolo Marco , Pinelli Mauro , Ageno Walter , Colombo Giovanna , Bucherini Eugenio , Serra Domizio , Toma Andrea , Barbera Pietro , Paparo Carmelo , Insana Antonio , Rupoli Serena , Malcangi Giuseppe , Zighetti Maddalena Loredana , Mangione Catello , Lione Domenico , Casasco Paola , Nante Giovanni , Tosetto Alberto , Oriana Vincenzo , Liberato Nicola Lucio 
Published: October 2019

Background

Thrombocytopenia is associated with increased mortality in the general population, but few data exist in patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
) taking oral anticoagulants. We investigated factor determinants of thrombocytopenia in a large cohort of patients affected by
AF
and its association with total mortality.

Methods and Results

Multicenter prospective cohort study, including 5215 patients with AF from the
START
(Survey on Anticoagulated Patients Register) registry, 3877 (74.3%) and 1338 (25.7%) on vitamin K or non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was defined by a platelet count <150×10
9
/L. Determinants of thrombocytopenia were investigated, and all‐cause mortality was the primary survival end point of the study. Thrombocytopenia was present in 592 patients (11.4%). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [
OR],
1.257;
P
=0.030), active cancer (
OR,
2.065;
P
=0.001), liver cirrhosis (
OR,
7.635;
P
<0.001), and the use of diuretics (
OR,
1.234;
P
=0.046) were positively associated with thrombocytopenia, whereas female sex (
OR,
0.387;
P
<0.001) and the use of calcium channel blockers (
OR,
0.787;
P
=0.032) were negatively associated. During a median follow‐up of 19.2 months (9942 patient‐years), 391 deaths occurred (rate, 3.93%/year). Mortality rate increased from 3.8%/year to 9.9%/year in patients with normal platelet count and in those with moderate‐severe thrombocytopenia, respectively (log‐rank test,
P
=0.009). The association between moderate‐severe thrombocytopenia and mortality persisted after adjustment for
CHA
2
DS
2
VAS
c score (hazard ratio, 2.431; 95% CI, 1.254–4.713;
P
=0.009), but not in the fully adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis model.

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with
AF
. Despite an increased incidence of mortality, thrombocytopenia was not associated with mortality at multivariable analysis. Thrombocytopenia may reflect the presence of comorbidities associated with poor survival in
AF
.
Is a Hypertension Diagnosis Associated With Improved Dietary Outcomes Within 2 to 4 Years? A Fixed‐Effects Analysis From the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Aburto Tania C. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Poti Jennifer M. , Howard Annie G. , Adair Linda S. , Avery Christy L. , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Evidence shows that dietary factors play an important role in blood pressure. However, there is no clear understanding of whether hypertension diagnosis is associated with dietary modifications. The aim of this study is to estimate the longitudinal association between hypertension diagnosis and subsequent changes (within 2–4 years) in dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium‐potassium (Na/K) ratio.

Methods and Results

We included adults (18–75 years, n=16 264) from up to 9 waves (1991–2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Diet data were collected using three 24‐hour dietary recalls and a household food inventory. We used fixed‐effects models to estimate the association between newly self‐reported diagnosed hypertension and subsequent within‐individual changes in sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio. We also examined changes among couples and at the household level. Results suggest that on average, men who were diagnosed with hypertension decreased their sodium intake by 251 mg/d and their Na/K ratio by 0.19 within 2 to 4 years after diagnosis (
P
<0.005). Among spouse pairs, sodium intake and Na/K ratio of women decreased when their husbands were diagnosed (
P
<0.05). Household average sodium density and Na/K ratio decreased, and household average potassium density increased after a man was diagnosed. In contrast, changes were not statistically significant when women were diagnosed.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that hypertension diagnosis for a man may result in modest dietary improvements for him, his wife, and other household members. Yet, diagnosis for a woman does not seem to result in dietary changes for her or her household members.
Neonatal Risk in Children of Women With Congenital Heart Disease: A Cohort Study With Focus on Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Kloster Stine , Tolstrup Janne S. , Olsen Morten Smærup , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Søndergaard Lars , Nielsen Dorte Guldbrand , Ersbøll Annette Kjær 
Published: October 2019

Background

We hypothesized that women with congenital heart disease (
CHD
) are at increased risk of giving birth preterm, including very and moderately preterm and giving birth to infants small for gestational age (
SGA
). We aimed to investigate this in a nation‐wide study with focus on the potential modifying effect of socioeconomic status.

Methods and Results

We performed a cohort study using Danish nation‐wide registers between 1997 and 2014. The exposure, maternal
CHD
, was subdivided into simple, moderate and complex based on severity of defects. Outcomes were preterm birth and
SGA
. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (
HR
). A total of 933 149 births including 3745 births among women with
CHD
were studied. The risk of giving birth preterm and
SGA
were higher among women with
CHD
as compared with women without
CHD
; for example, adjusted hazard ratios of preterm birth according to severity: simple 1.33 (95%
CI
, 1.11–1.59), moderate 1.45 (95%
CI
, 1.14–1.83) and complex 3.26 (95%
CI
, 2.41–4.40). Same pattern was seen for very and moderately preterm births and
SGA
. Education was a strong predictor of both preterm birth and
SGA
but did not modify the association between maternal congenital heart disease and preterm birth (
P
=0.38) or
SGA
(
P
=0.99).

Conclusions

Women with
CHD
were at increased risk of preterm birth both, moderately and very preterm, as well as giving birth to infants
SGA
. Education was a strong predictor of both preterm birth and
SGA
but the association between
CHD
and risk of preterm birth and
SGA
was independent of educational level.
Changes in QRS Area and QRS Duration After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Predict Cardiac Mortality, Heart Failure Hospitalizations, and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Okafor Osita , Zegard Abbasin , van Dam Peter , Stegemann Berthold , Qiu Tian , Marshall Howard , Leyva Francisco 
Published: October 2019

Background

Predicting clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy (
CRT
) and its optimization remain a challenge. We sought to determine whether pre‐ and postimplantation
QRS
area (
QRS
area
) predict clinical outcomes after
CRT
.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective study,
QRS
area
, derived from pre‐ and postimplantation vectorcardiography, were assessed in relation to the primary end point of cardiac mortality after
CRT
with or without defibrillation. Other end points included total mortality, total mortality or heart failure (
HF
) hospitalization, total mortality or major adverse cardiac events, and the arrhythmic end point of sudden cardiac death or ventricular arrhythmias with or without a shock. In patients (n=380, age 72.0±12.4 years, 68.7% male) undergoing
CRT
over 7.7 years (median follow‐up: 3.8 years [interquartile range 2.3–5.3]), preimplantation
QRS
area
≥102 μVs predicted cardiac mortality (
HR
: 0.36;
P
<0.001), independent of
QRS
duration (
QRS
d) and morphology (
P
<0.001). A
QRS
area
reduction ≥45 μVs after
CRT
predicted cardiac mortality (
HR
: 0.19), total mortality (
HR
: 0.50), total mortality or heart failure hospitalization (
HR
: 0.44), total mortality or major adverse cardiac events (
HR
: 0.43) (all
P
<0.001) and the arrhythmic end point (
HR
: 0.26;
P
<0.001). A concomitant reduction in
QRS
area
and
QRS
d was associated with the lowest risk of cardiac mortality and the arrhythmic end point (both
HR
: 0.12,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Pre‐implantation
QRS
area
, derived from vectorcardiography, was superior to
QRS
d and
QRS
morphology in predicting cardiac mortality after
CRT
. A postimplant reduction in both
QRS
area
and
QRS
d was associated with the best outcomes, including the arrhythmic end point.