bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisRv3194c efficiently facilitates mycobacterial-lung epithelial interaction through its HA-binding site
Authors: Zhao Dongyue , Xu Chen , Lin Danfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosisadhesins are surface-exposed molecules that mediate pathogen-host interaction, a fundamental step towards host infection. Here we show that serine protease (Rv3194c) promotes mycobacterial infection to lung epithelial through its hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding site. Both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that Rv3194c bound to HA. Utilizing synthetic peptides, we next defined HA-binding site of 20 amino acids from 91 to 110 of Rv3194c (P91-110). Immunofluorescence assay and an FACScan showed that Rv3194c was interacted with A549 cells (human lung epithelial cells), and its interaction was abolished by the addition of hyaluronidase or P91-110. Experimental infectionin Vitrorevealed that Rv3194c participates in attachment of recombinantMycobacterium smegmatis(Rv3194c/MS) to A549 cells, and P91-110 treatment of A549 cells almost inhibited Rv3194c/MS-A549 cells interaction. To providein vivoevidence, we constructed a reporter strain ofM. smegmatisexpressed a derivative of the firefly luciferase that is shifted to red (FFlucRT) in combination with Rv3194c (Rv3194c+FFlucRT/MS) to infect the rodents and monitor the progression of the disease. Using bioluminescence imaging and bacterial counts in lung tissue confirmed that Rv3194c dramatically enhanced the persistence ofM. smegmatis. In addition, treatment of intratracheal Rv3194c+FFlucRT/MS-infected mice with P91-110 significantly suppressed the growth of Rv3194c+FFlucRT/MSin vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Rv3194c was identified as a HA-binding adhesin, and P91-110 as anti-adhesion agents has potential for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions in mycobacterial infection.
Effects of breeding history and crop management on the root architecture of wheat
Authors: Fradgley N. , Evans G. , Biernaskie J.M. , Cockram J. , Marr E.C. , Oliver A. G. , Ober E. , Jones H. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAimsSelection for optimal root system architecture (RSA) is important to ensure genetic gains in the sustainable production of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Here we examine the idea that past wheat breeding has led to changes in RSA and that future breeding efforts can focus directly on root traits to improve adaptation to a target environment.MethodsWe conducted three field trials using diverse wheat varieties, including modern and historic UK varieties and non-UK landraces, tested under contrasting tillage regimes (non-inversion tillage versus conventional ploughing) or different seeding rates (standard rate versus high rate). We used field excavation, washing and measurement of root crowns (‘shovelomics’) to characterise RSA traits, including: numbers of seminal, crown and nodal roots per plant, and crown root growth angle.ResultsWe found large differences among genotypes for all root traits. Modern varieties generally had fewer roots per plant than historic varieties. There were fewer crown roots and root angles were wider, on average, under shallow non-inversion tillage compared with conventional ploughing. Crown root numbers per plant also tended to be smaller at a high seeding rate compared with the standard rate. There were significant genotype-by-year, genotype-by-tillage and genotype-by-seeding-rate interactions for many root traits.ConclusionsSmaller root systems is likely to be a result of past selection and may have facilitated historical yield increases by reducing below-ground competition within the crop. The effects of crop management practices on RSA depend on genotype, suggesting that future breeding could select for improved RSA traits in resource-efficient farming systems.
The transcription factor Hhex cooperates with the corepressor Tle3 to promote memory B cell development
Authors: Laidlaw Brian J. , Duan Lihui , Xu Ying , Vazquez Sara E. , Cyster Jason G. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMemory B cells (MBCs) are essential for long-lived humoral immunity. However, the transcription factors (TFs) involved in MBC differentiation are poorly defined. Here, by single cell RNAseq analysis, we identified a population of germinal center (GC) B cells in the process of differentiating into MBCs. Using an inducible Crispr/Cas9 screening approach we identified the hematopoietically-expressed homeobox gene Hhex as a transcription factor regulating MBC differentiation. The co-repressor Tle3 was also identified in the screen and was found to interact with Hhex. Bcl6 directly repressedHhexin GC B cells. Reciprocally, Hhex-deficient MBCs exhibited derepressedBcl6and reduced expression of Bcl6-repressedBcl2. Overexpression of Bcl2 was able to rescue MBC differentiation in Hhex-deficient cells. We also identified Ski as an Hhex-induced transcription factor involved in MBC differentiation. These findings establish an important role for Hhex-Tle3 in regulating the transcriptional circuitry governing MBC differentiation.
Extracting transparency: the process of regulating disclosures for the resources industry
Authors: Cortese Corinne , Andrew Jane 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMultinational resource companies (MRCs) are under pressure to become responsible corporate citizens. In particular, stakeholders are demanding more information about the deals these companies negotiate with the host governments of resource-rich nations, and there is general agreement about the need for industry commitment to transparency and the benefits that a mandatory disclosure regime would bring. This paper examines the production of one attempt to regulate disclosures related to payments between MRCs and the governments of nations with resource wealth: Section 1504 of the Dodd–Frank Act.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on Boltanski and Thévenot's (2006) Sociology of Worth, the authors examine the comment letters of participants in this process with a view to revealing how stakeholder groups produce justifications to promote their positions vis-à-vis transparency to regulators.FindingsThe authors show how justifications were mobilised by various constituents in an effort to shape the definition of transparency and the regulatory architecture that governs disclosure practices. In this case, the collective recognition of desirability of transparency enabled the SEC to suture together the views of constituents to create a shared understanding of the role of the common good as it relates to transparency.Originality/valueThis paper explores an alternative approach to the consideration of comment letters advanced during the process of disclosure-related rule-making. The authors show how a sophisticated regulator may be able to draw together elements stemming from different constituents in a way that appeals to a shared sense of the “common good” in order to produce Final Rules.
Reframing organizational change from a processual perspective
Authors: Guiette Alain , Vandenbempt Koen 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This article aims at reframing organizational change from a processual perspective to transcend the polarized tensions between planned and emergent approaches to change and to better align with the lived reality of practitioners. It informs the field of learning and development with fresh insights on how to broaden sensemaking repertoires of managers and employees in realizing organizational change.

Design/methodology/approach
To understand how change agents conceptualize organizational change at a conceptual level, this article relies on Heidegger’s three modes of being-in-the-world to identify three dominant conceptualizations of organizational change and subsequently theorizes on corresponding phenomenological qualities of sensemaking.

Findings
This article develops a theoretical scaffolding that posits the emergence of organizational change as dialectic process of three different conceptualizations of change, i.e. wayfinding logic, managerialistic logic and reflexive logic, that translate into three different phenomenological qualities of sensemaking, i.e. absorbed sensemaking, detached sensemaking and mindful sensemaking, respectively.

Practical implications
A processual reframing of organizational change informs learning and development scholars and practitioners in at least three ways: raising awareness of and probing underlying managerial assumptions of what change is and how change should be managed, training managers and employees to deal with sensemaking processes to effectively realize organizational change, and actively assist in developing a broader sensemaking repertoire to deal with the equivocality associated organizational change.

Originality/value
This processual reframing contributes to the sensemaking literature on organizational change by reframing change as a dialectic process of different underlying assumptions of change agents, and different qualities of sensemaking of change. It pinpoints to concrete actions that learning and development professionals can initiate to contribute to more effective change management practices.
MBA education: new insights on enablers of managerial performance
Authors: Chatterjee Debmallya , Poovathingal James 
Published: February 2020

PurposeSeveral authors have proposed various factors/enablers that enhance managerial performance of MBA students. However, there is little research on how to prioritise these enablers or how each enabler in the system of enablers influences each other. This paper aims to address this gap.Design/methodology/approachThis paper integrates the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) techniques to arrive at the conclusions.FindingsThe “help achieve” power of each enabler, determined by ISM, is limited or accentuated by its “driving power and its dependence” determined by MICMAC. Out of the 14 enablers used in the study, this paper identifies five enablers that can enhance the performance of MBA students.Research limitations/implicationsWhen ISM and MICMAC are integrated, one can arrive at a better way to prioritise enablers in a system of enablers.Practical implicationsThe implication of the study findings is that all stakeholders can now systematically prioritise the enablers that can lead to performance and also save resources during the process. A related implication is that this method can be used in a wide variety of situations.Originality/valueThis paper highlights how an integrated use of ISM-MICMAC can improve decision-making and resource optimisation.
From defining to measuring productivity: a coherent leadership strategy for effectiveness
Authors: Sookdeo Barnes 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This viewpoint aims to alert managers to the necessity of measuring productivity, gauging their performance and determining efficiency levels, as a coherent leadership strategy for organizational effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint is prepared by an independent writer who aims to add to the ongoing debate on the necessity for productivity measurement to ensure organizational effectiveness.

Findings
There is an old adage: “What you cannot measure, you cannot manage”. This viewpoint reports on the relationship between productivity measurement, skills development and competitiveness as a coherent strategy for effectiveness.

Practical implications
This viewpoint provides strategic insights and practical thinking to encourage managers to utilize resources to the optimal and to ensure the effectiveness of their organizations.

Originality/value
The viewpoint saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Nitrogen mustard gel‐induced inflammation triggers lymphomatoid papulosis in patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Trager Megan H. , Chen Cynthia , Husain Sameera , Geskin Larisa J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a paraneoplastic primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) that has been associated with malignant lymphomas, most commonly mycosis fungoides (MF). We observed 10 patients with MF who developed severe inflammation after using nitrogen‐mustard (NM) gel from 1 to 8 months and who developed LyP. We hypothesized that NM gel produced local inflammation, which induced CD30 expression in malignant T cells in situ leading to the appearance of LyP papules. The high frequency of induction of LyP lesions in patients with severe inflammation while on treatment with NM gel suggests an association between inflammatory stimuli and development of LyP. Our observation provides insight into the pathogenesis of CD30+ LPD.
Oleanolic acid alleviates oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease by regulating stanniocalcin‐1 and uncoupling protein‐2 signalling
Authors: Guo Qiang , He Jianbo , Zhang Heng , Yao Li , Li Huiqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antioxidants may delay or even treat AD. Oleanolic acid (OA) exhibits antioxidant properties against many diseases. However, its effects on oxidative stress in AD remain unclear. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of action of OA in N2a/APP695swe cells exposed to oxidative stress. The cells were incubated with different concentrations of OA (0, 5, 8, 10, 15, and 25 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Higher concentrations of OA (10, 15, and 25 μmol/L) significantly suppressed the apoptosis, caspase‐3 activity, reactive oxygen species level, and β amyloid (Aβ) content and increased the viability of these cells. OA (10 μmol/L) also increased the expression of stanniocalcin‐1 (STC‐1) and uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP2) in N2a/APP695swe cells. STC‐1 interference markedly reversed the effect of OA on UCP2, indicating that OA may regulate UCP2 expression in N2a/APP695swe cells via STC‐1. Moreover, UCP2 inhibition significantly reversed the OA‐mediated effects on cell viability, caspase‐3 activity, reactive oxygen species, and Aβ level. Thus, OA regulates UCP2 expression via STC‐1 to alleviate oxidative stress and Aβ level in N2a/APP695swe cells.
The novel bZIP transcription factor Fpo1 negatively regulates perithecial development by modulating carbon metabolism in the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Shin Jiyoung , Bui Duc‐Cuong , Kim Sieun , Jung So Yun , Nam Hye Jin , Lim Jae Yun , Choi Gyung Ja , Lee Yin‐Won , Kim Jung‐Eun , Son Hokyoung 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFungal sexual reproduction requires complex cellular differentiation processes of hyphal cells. The plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum produces fruiting bodies called perithecia via sexual reproduction, and perithecia forcibly discharge ascospores into the air for disease initiation and propagation. Lipid metabolism and accumulation are closely related to perithecium formation, yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate these processes are largely unknown. Here, we report that a novel fungal specific bZIP transcription factor, F. graminearum perithecium overproducing 1 (Fpo1), plays a role as a global transcriptional repressor during perithecium production and maturation in F. graminearum. Deletion of FPO1 resulted in reduced vegetative growth, asexual sporulation and virulence and overproduced perithecium, which reached maturity earlier, compared with the wild type. Intriguingly, the hyphae of the fpo1 mutant accumulated excess lipids during perithecium production. Using a combination of molecular biological, transcriptomic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that repression of FPO1 after sexual induction leads to reprogramming of carbon metabolism, particularly fatty acid production, which affects sexual reproduction of this fungus. This is the first report of a perithecium‐overproducing F. graminearum mutant, and the findings provide comprehensive insight into the role of modulation of carbon metabolism in the sexual reproduction of fungi.
Diversity and functional analysis of Chinese bumblebee gut microbiota reveal the metabolic niche and antibiotic resistance variation of Gilliamella
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Jing , Huang Ming‐Fei , Qiu Li‐Fei , Song Rui‐Hao , Zhang Zi‐Xuan , Ding Yi‐Wen , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xue , Zheng Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBumblebees play an important role in maintaining the balance of natural and agricultural ecosystems, and the characteristic gut microbiota of bumblebees exhibit significant mutualistic functions. China has the highest diversity of bumblebees; however, gut microbiota of Chinese bumblebees have mostly been investigated through culture‐independent studies. Here, we analyzed the gut communities of bumblebees from Sichuan, Yunnan, and Shaanxi provinces in China through 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and bacterial isolation. It revealed that the bumblebees examined in this study harbored two gut enterotypes as previously reported: one is dominated by Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, and the other is distinguished by prevalent environmental species. The gut compositions obviously varied among different individual bees. We then isolated 325 bacterial strains and the comparative genomic analysis of Gilliamella strains revealed that galactose and pectin digestion pathways were conserved in strains from bumblebees, while genes for the utilization of arabinose, mannose, xylose, and rhamnose were mostly lost. Only two strains from the Chinese bumblebees possess the multidrug‐resistant gene emrB, which is phylogenetically closely related to that from the symbionts of soil entomopathogenic nematode. In contrast, tetracycline‐resistant genes were uniquely present in three strains from the USA. Our results illustrate the prevalence of strain‐level variations in the metabolic potentials and the distributions of antibiotic‐resistant genes in Chinese bumblebee gut bacteria.
China's Role in Global Development Finance: China Challenge or Business as Usual?
Authors: Babones Salvatore , Åberg John H.S. , Hodzi Obert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChina's economic success has prompted both academic political economists and applied policy analysts to speculate about the implications of a new ‘China model’ of economic development and global economic governance. A particular issue is the degree to which the China model involves developing in opposition to or in cooperation with the pre‐existing norms of global economic governance. Recognizing the ambiguity of the China model, we consider two alternative interpretations of China's role in global economic governance: China Challenge (CC) and Business as Usual (BaU). We flesh out these contrasting interpretations using evidence from the lending behavior of four major development finance institutions in which China plays a leading or determinative role: the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the New Development Bank (NDB), the Silk Road Fund (SRF), and the China‐Africa Development Fund (CADF) of the China Development Bank. We find that (at least in the restricted domain of international development finance) China's role in global economic governance is largely characterized by BaU behavior, and although on a regional level this does represent a challenge to the historical role of Japan, it nonetheless suggests that the China model is not so revolutionary as many analysts suppose.
Significance of piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 in premature ejaculation: An animal study
Authors: Chen Zhenghao , Yuan Mingzhen , Ma Zhen , Wen Jiliang , Wang Xuesheng , Zhao Mengmeng , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Xiulin , Zhao Shengtian , Guo Liqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPenile hypersensitivity is one of the main pathological mechanisms of premature ejaculation. However, little is known about the neurophysiological mechanism of penile peripheral nerve sensitization. Piezo Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 2 (PIEZO2), was recently identified as a mechanically sensitive channel.ObjectivesThis study explored the possible neural mechanisms of PIEZO2 action in the mechanisms of premature ejaculation using molecular biology and electrophysiology approaches.Materials and methodsOne hundred seventy male rats and 85 female rats were recruited. The females were induced estrus by injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone followed by surgically castrated. Subsequently, the copulatory behaviors were record by a video camera six times, once a week. The last three mating processes of 134 male rats were successfully recorded. The males were divided into three groups according to ejaculation frequency value. Immunocytochemical and molecular methods as well as whole‐cell patch clamp recording were used to show the difference between premature ejaculation rats and control rats. To further clarify the involvement of PIEZO2 in premature ejaculation, we constructed a PIEZO2 knockdown model in rats by intrathecal injection of PIEZO2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.ResultsWe showed that PIEZO2 in the penis head and in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) were significantly increased in premature ejaculation rats. Whole‐cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that mechanical stimulation evoked a higher inward current density in premature ejaculation rats compared with control rats, which could be inhibited by the PIEZO2‐specific antagonist, FM1‐43. PIEZO2 knockdown experiments revealed that the inward current density induced by mechanical stimulation was significantly decreased in PIEZO2 knockdown rats, and that the mount frequency and ejaculation latency and frequency were significantly improved in PIEZO2 knockdown rats.Discussion and ConclusionOur data demonstrate PIEZO2 involvement in peripheral nerve sensitization, indicating that pharmacological antagonism of PIEZO2 may be a useful strategy for treating premature ejaculation.
Editorial: choosing an appropriate risk stratification tool for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—one size does not fit all
Authors: Shaheen Abdel‐Aziz , Swain Mark G. 
Published: February 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kang et al and Jun and Nguyen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15626 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15651