bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In pursuit of information: evaluating strategic plans
Authors: Baskici Cigdem , Ercil Yavuz 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to propose a measuring system based on the information flow to carry out a more precise assessment of strategic plans.Design/methodology/approachAn action research method is used with system dynamics. The indicators obtained from the strategic plans were assessed through information records.FindingsThe output of this study is a dynamic model which is produced by the workflows and processes in which decision-makers can apply experiments. By this means, it can be used as a measuring system based on information flows produced within the organization.Practical implicationsThe first practical implication is that it can be possible to measure how much of the current workflows matched the strategic goals. Second, it can be possible to measure how much the budget allocated to the strategic plans corresponds to the amount of the total works. Third, it gets ability to managers to provide the opportunity to carry out experiments through the designed model.Originality/valueAs it uses information flows as measuring variable, this study is one of the novel approaches in strategy measurement systems. It also promises high efficiency and effectiveness because the assessment of goals and actions in strategic plans are sources of information which shed a light on the future strategic options to the decision-makers of the organizations.
Diet shapes cold‐water corals bacterial communities
Authors: Galand Pierre E. , Remize Marine , Meistertzheim Anne‐Leila , Pruski Audrey M. , Peru Erwan , Suhrhoff Tim Jesper , Le Bris Nadine , Vétion Gilles , Lartaud Franck 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDifferent cold‐water coral (CWC) species harbour distinct microbial communities and the community composition is thought to be linked to the ecological strategies of the host. Here we test whether diet shapes the composition of bacterial communities associated with CWC. We compared the microbiomes of two common CWC species in aquaria, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, when they were either starved, or fed respectively with a carnivorous diet, two different herbivorous diets, or a mix of the 3. We targeted both the standing stock (16S rDNA) and the active fraction (16S rRNA) of the bacterial communities and showed that in both species, the corals' microbiome was specific to the given diet. A part of the microbiome remained, however, species‐specific, which indicates that the microbiome's plasticity is framed by the identity of the host. In addition, the storage lipid content of the coral tissue showed that different diets had different effects on the corals' metabolisms. The combined results suggest that L. pertusa may be preying preferentially on zooplankton while M. oculata may in addition use phytoplankton and detritus. The results cast a new light on coral microbiomes as they indicate that a portion of the CWC's bacterial community could represent a food influenced microbiome.
The multiple population genetic and demographic routes to islands of genomic divergence
Authors: Quilodrán Claudio S. , Ruegg Kristen , Sendell‐Price Ashley T. , Anderson Eric C. , Coulson Tim , Clegg Sonya M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The way that organisms diverge into reproductively isolated species is a major question in biology. The recent accumulation of genomic data provides promising opportunities to understand the genomic landscape of divergence, which describes the distribution of differences across genomes. Genomic areas of unusually high differentiation have been called genomic islands of divergence. Their formation has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms, but a prominent hypothesis is that they result from divergent selection over a small portion of the genome, with surrounding areas homogenized by gene flow. Such islands have often been interpreted as being associated with divergence with gene flow. However, other mechanisms related to genomic structure and population history can also contribute to the formation of genomic islands of divergence.

We currently lack a quantitative framework to examine the dynamics of genomic landscapes under the complex and nuanced conditions that are found in natural systems. Here, we develop an individual‐based simulation to explore the dynamics of diverging genomes under various scenarios of gene flow, selection and genotype–phenotype maps.

Our modelling results are consistent with empirical observations demonstrating the formation of genomic islands under genetic isolation. Importantly, we have quantified the range of conditions that produce genomic islands. We demonstrate that the initial level of genetic diversity, drift, time since divergence, linkage disequilibrium, strength of selection and gene flow are all important factors that can influence the formation of genomic islands. Because the accumulation of genomic differentiation over time tends to erode the signal of genomic islands, genomic islands are more likely to be observed in recently divergent taxa, although not all recently diverged taxa will necessarily exhibit islands of genomic divergence. Gene flow primarily slows the swamping of islands of divergence with time.

By using this framework, further studies may explore the relative influence of particular suites of events that contribute to the emergence of genomic islands under sympatric, parapatric and allopatric conditions. This approach represents a novel tool to explore quantitative expectations of the speciation process, and should prove useful in elucidating past and projecting future genomic evolution of any taxa.
Validation and Evaluation of the Core Nursing Outcomes Evaluation System for Inpatients with Stroke
Authors: Hou Shuxiao , Zhang Heli , Li Baohua , Luo Yongmei , Han Zhiying , Shang Shaomei 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the reliability, validity, responsiveness, importance, and application level of the Core Nursing Outcomes Evaluation System for inpatients with stroke.METHODSThe reliability, validity, responsiveness, importance, and application level were evaluated by expert scoring, clinical measurement, and questionnaire survey.RESULTSThe scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) and item‐level content validity index (I‐CVI) were >0.8. The scoring of intraclass coefficient of all indicators was >0.600 (p < .001). There were significant differences in the total scores among patients with different severities (p < .001). Compared with total scores at admission, the total scores at discharge were significantly improved (p < .01). The importance and application level scores of all indexes are >4.5 points.CONCLUSIONThe system has higher reliability, validity, responsiveness, and importance, but the application of each dimension is disproportionate. Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by cerebral ischemia and hemorrhagic injury. Epidemiological findings revealed that stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the world (Feigin et al., 2014). Epidemiological survey of 600,000 people in China showed that the prevalence of stroke has been increasing over the past 30 years (Sun & Wang, 2018). At present, stroke has become the first cause of death among Chinese residents (Wang, 2018; Zhou et al., 2016). In surviving patients with stroke, more than 60% of patients had different degrees of neurological dysfunction (Wang, Liu, Yang, Peng, & Wang, 2018), about 40% of them had severe disabilities (You & Wu, 2016). About 60% of first onset stroke patients were associated with higher risk of recurrence (Wang et al., 2018). With increasing age, the global burden of stroke is becoming heavier and heavier (Johnston, Mendis & Mathers, 2009). In 2015, the cost of stroke treatment in China reached about 29.2 billion RMB, bringing heavy economic burden to families as well as society (Ma, 2018). From the above data, we deduced that stroke has characteristics of high prevalence rate, high disability rate, high mortality rate, and high recurrence rate. It is one of the important causes of death and disability, seriously threatening human health and has become an important public health problem faced by Chinese society currently.
Conceptual challenges to the harm threshold
Authors: Taylor Maggie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChildren are presumptively regarded as incompetent to make their own medical decisions, and the responsibility for making such decisions typically falls to parents. Parental authority is not unlimited, however, and ethical guidelines identifying appropriate bounds on this authority are needed. One proposal currently gaining support is the harm threshold (HT), which asserts that the state may only legitimately intervene in parental decision‐making when serious and preventable harm to children is likely. This paper considers two questions: in virtue of what underlying principle or property does the HT gain its purported justification?; and does this underlying principle or property ground the HT as its proponents conceive of it? I identify two separate grounds represented in the literature: (a) J.S. Mill’s Harm Principle; and (b) the liberty interests of parents. I find that the HT is not sufficiently grounded in either of these, revealing a substantial conceptual difficulty for its advocates.
Modelling changes in anxiety and depression during low‐intensity cognitive behavioural therapy: An application of growth mixture models
Authors: McDevitt‐Petrovic Orla , Shevlin Mark , Kirby Karen 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesResearch largely supports the clinical effectiveness of low‐intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (LICBT) for mild‐to‐moderate anxiety and depression, delivered by psychological well‐being practitioners (PWPs). Knowledge regarding the predictors of treatment response, however, is relatively limited. The primary aim of this study was to model the heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in anxiety and depression throughout LICBT provided by PWPs in Northern Ireland (NI), and to explore associations between pre‐treatment variables and differences in treatment response.MethodsGrowth mixture modelling (GMM) techniques were employed to examine changes in psychological status in clients (N = 253) over the first six sessions of treatment, to identify divergent early response trajectories. A series of pre‐treatment variables were used to predict class membership using chi‐square tests and binary logistic regression models.ResultsThere was one class representing improvement and one representing no improvement for both anxiety and depression. Class membership was predictive of treatment outcome. Pre‐treatment variables associated with less improvement included unemployment, risk of suicide, neglect of self or others, using medication, receiving previous or concurrent treatments, a longer duration of difficulties, and comorbidities.ConclusionsFindings indicate most of the sample populated an ‘improvers’ class for both depression and anxiety. Pre‐treatment variables identified as predictive of poor treatment response may need to be considered by practitioners in potential triage referral decision policies, supporting cost‐effective and efficient services. Further research around predictors of clinical outcome is recommended.Practitioner points

Most of the sample belonged to an ‘improvers’ class.

Several pre‐treatment variables predicted poor treatment response (unemployment, suicide risk, neglect, medication, previous or concurrent treatments, longer duration of difficulties, and comorbidities).

Few studies have utilized GMM to determine predictors of outcome following LICBT

Regarding pre‐treatment variables, the possibility of self‐report bias cannot be excluded.

The time period was relatively short, although represented the optimum number of sessions recommended for LICBT.

The lack of a control group and random allocation were the main limitations.
Improved survival after offspring donor transplant compared with older aged‐matched siblings for older leukaemia patients
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Qi‐Fa , Wu De‐Pei , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Kai‐Yan , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Lu Sheng‐Ye , Ma Xiao , Huang Fen , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDonor selection for older leukaemia patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is not well defined: outcomes might be improved with a younger offspring donor rather than an older human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling donor (MSD). We extended our multicentre dataset. A total of 185 acute leukaemia patients (≥ 50 years) transplanted in first complete remission who received HCT from offspring (n = 62) or MSD (n = 123) were included. A 1:1 ratio matched‐pair analysis was performed. We were able to match 54 offspring with 54 MSD patients. Outcomes were compared between the two matched‐pair groups. The cumulative incidence of grade II/IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (26% vs. 35%; P = 0·23) and chronic GVHD (37% vs. 24%; P = 0·19) was comparable between groups (MSD vs. offspring). The lower three‐year transplant‐related mortality (9% vs. 26%; P = 0·023) and relapse incidence (6% vs. 17%; P = 0·066) resulted in higher overall survival (85% vs. 58%; P = 0·003) and leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) (85% vs. 56%; P = 0·001) in offspring HCT compared with that in MSD HCT. These data might favour a young offspring over an older MSD in patients >50 years. The current analyses confirm that non‐HLA donor characteristics, such as kinship and donor age, rather than HLA disparity, predominantly influence survival in older acute leukaemia patients.
Expression of Concern: Neuroanatomical correlates of the inhibition of tremulous jaw movements in rats by a combination of memantine and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Ionov Ilya D. , Pushinskaya Irina I. , Frenkel David D. , Gorev Niсholas P. , Shpilevaya Larissa A. 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeMemantine and marijuana smoking have been found to inhibit tremor in parkinsonian patients, although the observed effects were relatively weak. The tremorolytic effects of combinations of memantine and cannabinoids have not been studied. Here, we have evaluated the anti‐tremor activity of memantine, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) given alone and of their combination. The involvement of some neuroanatomical structures in the effects of the combination was evaluated.Experimental ApproachHaloperidol‐induced tremulous jaw movements (TJMs) in rats were used as a model of parkinsonian‐like tremor. To evaluate the role of central receptor systems in the drug effects, receptor ligands were administered locally into certain brain areas.Key ResultsMemantine and THC alone were without effect, although co‐administration of these drugs decreased the number of haloperidol‐induced jaw movements. The anti‐tremor activity of the combination was antagonized (a) by injections of l‐glutamate into the dorsal striatum, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, globus pallidus, and supratrigeminal and trigeminal motor nuclei but not into the subthalamic and cuneiform nuclei; (b) by injections of CGS 21680 into the ventrolateral striatum; and (c) by injections of bicuculline into the rostral part of the parvicellular reticular nucleus.Conclusions and ImplicationsMemantine and THC supra‐additively inhibit haloperidol‐induced TJMs, suggesting that co‐administration of these drugs might be a new approach to the treatment of tremor. Our results identified brain areas influencing parkinsonian‐like tremor in rats and can help advance the development of novel treatments for repetitive involuntary movements.
International evaluation of circumferential resection margins after rectal cancer resection: insights from the Swedish and Dutch audits
Authors: Detering R. , Saraste D. , de Neree tot Babberich M. P. M. , Dekker J. W. T. , Wouters M. W. J. M. , van Geloven A. A. W. , Bemelman W. A. , Tanis P. J. , Martling A. , Westerterp M. ,   the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry and the Dutch ColoRectal Audit
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine predictive factors for the circumferential resection margin (CRM) within two northern European countries with supposed similarity in providing rectal cancer care.MethodData for all patients undergoing rectal resection for clinical tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage I–III rectal cancer were extracted from the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry and the Dutch ColoRectal Audit (2011–2015). Separate analyses were performed for cT1–3 and cT4 stage. Predictive factors for the CRM were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 6444 Swedish and 12 089 Dutch patients were analysed. Over time the number of hospitals treating rectal cancer decreased from 52 to 42 in Sweden, and 82 to 79 in the Netherlands. In the Swedish population, proportions of cT4 stage (17% vs 8%), multivisceral resection (14% vs 7%) and abdominoperineal excision (APR) (37% vs 31%) were higher. The overall proportion of patients with a positive CRM (CRM+) was 7.8% in Sweden and 5.4% in the Netherlands. In both populations with cT1–3 stage disease, common independent risk factors for CRM+ were cT3, APR and multivisceral resection. No common risk factors for CRM+ in cT4 stage disease were found. An independent impact of hospital volume on CRM+ could be demonstrated for the cT1–3 Dutch population.ConclusionWithin two northern European countries with implemented clinical auditing, rectal cancer care might potentially be improved by further optimizing the treatment of distal and locally advanced rectal cancer.
Longitudinal trajectories of depression symptoms in children with epilepsy
Authors: Rosic Tea , Avery Lisa , Streiner David L , Ferro Mark A , Rosenbaum Peter , Cunningham Charles , Ronen Gabriel M 
Published: November 2019

AimTo examine self‐ and proxy‐reported symptoms of depression in children with epilepsy.MethodThis was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of children with epilepsy. Participants were treated at six Canadian tertiary‐care centers and followed over 28 months with repeated assessments of child self‐reported symptoms of depression using the Children’s Depression Inventory Short‐Form (CDI‐S). Trajectories of symptoms of depression were estimated using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling.ResultsAt baseline, 477 children had complete data (mean age [SD] 11y 5mo [2y 1mo], range 7y 7mo–15y 1mo; 234 females, 243 males). Mean CDI‐S T score at baseline was 45.7 (SD=7.5) and at 28 months was 44.9 (SD=8.2), both were within the ‘average’ range. Results from LME modeling revealed mean raw CDI‐S score of 1.897, corrected for age 10 years (corresponding to T scores slightly below the normed mean of 50), with no significant change over three measurements (slope=–0.113, p=0.135), indicating that CDI‐S scores were stable over 28 months. Children with high initial CDI‐S scores had lower subsequent scores, as demonstrated by the correlation of –0.827 between intercept and slope (p<0.001). Parents reported comparable findings.InterpretationSelf‐ and proxy‐reported symptoms of depression were generally low and stable over an extended follow‐up period. Normalization of scores was seen upon repeated assessment, even in children with higher scores of symptoms of depression at one point. These findings speak to the value and importance of repeated assessment over time.What this paper adds

In children with epilepsy, self‐ and proxy‐reported symptoms of depression were generally low and stable over 28 months.

The trajectory of symptoms of depression was not associated with seizure severity, whether considering the frequency or type of seizures.

Parents’ reports of symptoms of depression were comparable to the children’s self‐evaluations.
Accounting for microstructure sensitivity and plasticity in life prediction of heavily loaded contacts under rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Cheenady Amith Adoor , Arakere Nagaraj K. , Londhe Nikhil D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProbabilistic models employed for life prediction in the bearing industry (Lundberg‐Palmgren [LP], Ioannides‐Harris [IH], and Zatersky models) utilize stresses calculated based on Hertzian assumptions that ignore plastic deformation occurring under high radial loads. However, it is known that subsurface plasticity produces significant deviations from elastic calculations in contact dimensions, pressure, and stresses. In this work, we show that accounting for plastic deformation leads to significantly more accurate life predictions than the general practice of utilizing elastic stress fields. Conventional probabilistic models are also restricted to utilizing stress measures at the macroscopic scale, while the onset of damage under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) manifests on a much smaller scale. By utilizing Dang Van criterion (DVC)—a multiscale high cycle fatigue criterion—in a probabilistic framework to account for stresses at multiple length scales, we propose a formulation that is second in accuracy only to the Zaretsky model, thus outperforming LP and IH models. Thus, we improve the accuracy of conventional probabilistic models by accounting for plastic deformation, while also presenting a new microstructure‐sensitive probabilistic formulation that betters their predictions.
A study of 21st century skills and engagement in a university Spanish foreign language classroom
Authors: Cox Carolina Benito , Montgomery Cherice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasing concern regarding student disengagement and education's role in helping students to navigate the ever‐changing realities of a globalized society has focused attention on the importance of 21st century skills. This mixed‐methods study investigated whether and how intensely students experienced optimal engagement during a Spanish project that required them to conduct and reflect on a 30‐minute interview with a native speaker of Spanish. Engagement was measured through the lens of Csikszentmihalyi's (1996) flow theory. Findings revealed that authentic, real‐world tasks that require students to make use of 21st century skills and which engage learners affectively facilitate behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement.