bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printed magnetoactive nanocomposite scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Kaviani Yeganeh , Eslami Hossein , Ansari Mojtaba , Poursamar Seyed Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Simulating the natural cellular environment using magnetic stimuli could be a potential strategy to promote bone tissue regeneration. This study unveiled a novel 3D printed composite scaffold containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and cobalt ferrite/forsterite core-shell nanoparticles (CFF-NPs) to investigate physical, mechanical and biological properties of magnetoactive scaffold under static magnetic field. For this purpose, core-shell structure is synthesized through a two-step synthesis strategy in which cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are prepared via sol-gel combustion method and then are coated through sol-gel method with forsterite. The characterization regarding CFF-NPs reveals that Mg2SiO4-coated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles is successfully synthesized with a core-shell structure. Afterwards, CFF-NPs are embedded within the PCL with different percentages, ultimately 3D printed scaffolds were fabricated. The in vitro assessments demonstrated that the incorporated CFF-NPs are able to cause a decrease in contact angle which was responsible for modulating purposefully the degradation rate of PCL scaffold, resulting in providing the obligatory environment for bone growth. In addition, it was observed that scaffolds including PCL combined with CFF-NPs are susceptible to improve the mechanical performance of nanocomposite scaffolds, up to a certain concentration (50% CFF-NPs and 50% PCL) with compressive modulus of 42.5 MPa. Moreover, when being exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, hydroxyapatite deposition on the surface of scaffolds was observed. Thus, these compositions may be useful for improving the osteointegration between the implant and bone tissue after implantation. Finally, the simultaneous effect of magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic field of 125 mT evaluated on cellular behavior of scaffolds. The results showed that the cell viability of all groups under magnetic field were better than that for standard condition. Likewise, SEM images of cultured cells on scaffolds confirmed that the combined effect of these factors could be lead to promote better cell adhesion, dispersion, and bone regeneration.
Multi-hazard risk in socially vulnerable communities across the United States
Authors: Sanchez Leslie , Armsworth Paul R , Bruno Jasmine E , Espinoza Sebastian , Galvin Kathleen , Vijay Varsha , Warziniack Travis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Society’s most vulnerable communities bear the burdens of a multitude of environmental shocks and stressors, which are increasingly likely to occur simultaneously or in quick succession. However, our understanding of where environmental risks accumulate across the United States and how determinants of multi-hazard risk vary within the country remains incomplete. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the national scope and underlying drivers of compounding environmental risks from five hazards (water shortage, air pollution, wildfire, flooding, and impaired water quality) in socially vulnerable communities in the contiguous United States. By pairing census tract-level Social Vulnerability Index data from the Centers for Disease Control with hazard exposure data, we find that over 11 percent of the population—37 million people—is at high risk from multiple hazards. We find that multi-hazard risk disproportionately accumulates in the most vulnerable communities and therefore constitutes an environmental injustice. Nationally, socioeconomically vulnerable populations (e.g., low-income households and those lacking health insurance) are inequitably exposed to multiple severe hazards. However, the specific combinations of demographic and environmental drivers of risk accumulation vary across regions. While the widespread nature of environmental risk accumulation indicates that reducing multi-hazard risk will likely require comprehensive rather than piecemeal approaches, results also highlight the need for context-specific interventions.
Local people’s dependency on forest and its implication for rehabilitation of Paliyan Wildlife Reserve
Authors: Puspanti A , Pujiono E , Kusumandari A , Faida L R W , Sudaryatno  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Paliyan Wildlife Reserve (PWR) is located in the karst ecosystem in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta which has degraded since it was first designated in 2000 as a conservation area. Since then, rehabilitation has been carried out to improve the ecological functions of PWR. Local communities surrounding PWR have been depending on the existence of forest to support their daily life. This paper aimed to present the forest dependency of local people surrounding PWR and elucidate how that reliance affected rehabilitation. Data were collected through interviews with local people and forest management, observing local people, mapping the vegetation cover, ground checking, and observing forest conditions. The findings showed that PWR was mainly covered by low-dense forest (66,07%) which was classified as mixed dryland agriculture. Despite PWR’s position as a conservation area, the local population nonetheless engaged in a high level of agricultural activities. The necessity for land for agriculture and cattle feed is where the locals’ greatest reliance on PWR was shown. The primary source of income for the locals was agriculture, however, there was little land ownership. As a result, PWR was under strain since the local people still heavily depended on PWR property to maintain communal agriculture. Livestock also had a strong reliance on forage crops, particularly during the dry season when feed was scarce and PWR vegetation could provide the crops. During the dry season, PWR was primarily responsible for the fodder crop. Disruption of plant growth, a slowdown in the change of land cover, disturbance of forest regeneration, conflict between people and wildlife, and a decline in biodiversity were all consequences of this reliance on the restoration process. The high level of PWR dependence in the area hampered the success of rehabilitation. Therefore, it was necessary to reduce the local population’s reliance on PWR to maximize the goals of rehabilitation.
Study of pyrite mineral type in sorong coal based on petrographic analysis
Authors: Permana Aang Panji , Eraku Sunarty Suly , Hutagalung Ronal , Isa Dewi Rahmawaty , Biya Naafi’ Syahna Firdhaus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The research site is located in the Inamo area of Sorong Regency. The research area is situated in the western part of Papua Island, administratively belonging to Southwest Papua Province. The objective of this study is to examine the type of pyrite minerals in Sorong coal based on petrographic analysis. The research methodology employed to achieve the research objective includes field geological surveys and laboratory petrographic analysis. The research results and discussion indicate that the geomorphological unit of the study area is the Alluvial Plain Unit. The lithological unit of the research area consists of alluvial deposits containing layers of coal and mudstone. Petrographic analysis of the Sorong coal reveals that the pyrite type is syn-genetic, as the pyrite crystals under the microscope exhibit euhedral and massive forms. Euhedral pyrite can be recognized as well-formed pyrite crystals. The majority of euhedral pyrite is syn-genetic and formed during peat deposition and/or early humification. On the other hand, massive pyrite is usually found as filling in fractures/cavities, cementation, or framboidal mantles, either euhedral or detrital minerals.
Analysis Influence of Initial Wave Amplitude and Slope of the Seabed on the Energy of Breaking Waves with OpenFOAM
Authors: Hidayat Ivan , Mahmudah Rida SN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The breaking wave is one example of fluid dynamics in the case of multiphase flow that is important to study. This study uses OpenFOAM CFD software to study the effect of seabed slope and wave amplitude on breaking wave energy. OpenFOAM is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equation using the finite volume and volume of fluid methods. In both ways, the mesh is divided into partitions containing information such as liquid phase, internal energy, and pressure. First, we validated the code by simulating the experimental study of breaking waves. The simulation was carried out by compiling code with OpenFOAM software. The simulation results are then compared with the experimental results. Comparisons are made by finding the RMSE value between the simulation and experimental results. The results showed good validity between the simulations and the comparison experiments conducted by available data. This is indicated by the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) values of 0.028, 0.006, and 0.017. Then, we simulated the breaking wave with varying initial wave amplitude and seabed slope. The results of the variation of wave amplitude show that the larger the initial wave is given, the greater the breaking wave energy produced. Variations in the seabed slope indicate that the seabed slope is the main factor determining the type of breaking wave that will be formed.
Analysis Of The Water Quality Status Of Buol River In Buol Regency Using The Pollution Index Method
Authors: Lihawa Fitryane , Mariani Mimi , Mahmud Marike 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the water quality status of the Buol River using the Pollution Index (IP) method. The study area includes the Buol River, which is 60.3 km long. There are 8 locations for sampling the Buol River water. The purposive sampling method determines the location of river water sampling. Location criteria are determined based on pollutant sources, namely agricultural waste, domestic waste, and industrial waste. Water quality parameters analyzed were temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Chlorine, Sulfide, Phosphate, Surfactant, Fatty Oil, Phenol, and Total Coliform. The river water quality standard used is Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 Appendix VI. The analysis method for the water quality status of the Buol River is determined by the pollution index method. The results of the quality analysis of the Buol River on the parameters TSS, COD, Nitrite, Chlorine, Sulfide, and Phenol have exceeded the quality standards. The results of the water quality status analysis using the Pollution Index (IP) method obtained the Buol River water pollution index at sample point 2 was 3.94 (lightly polluted water quality status). The pollution index value at sample point 1 is 5.16 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 3 is 5.24 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 4 is 8.03 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 5 is 7.36 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 6 is 7.73 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 7 is 7.40 (moderately polluted). The pollution index value at sample point 8 is 7.79 (moderately polluted).
Soil Dynamics Characteristics to Earthquake Using HVSR Method in Palu City
Authors: Setiawan Dewa Gede Eka , Meidji Icha Untari , Adam Susanti , Jayadi Harsano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
On September 28, 2018, a 7.4 magnitude earthquake struck the west coast of Sulawesi Island, resulting in significant loss of life and destruction of infrastructure in Palu City. This disaster highlighted the urgent need for focused attention on the city and measures to mitigate earthquake damage as a crucial step in victim prevention and risk reduction. One method to assess potential earthquake hazards based on local soil dynamics is microtremor measurement. In this study, the microtremor measurement results were analyzed using the HVSR method to evaluate earthquake-prone surface conditions through three main parameters: the dominant period, seismic vulnerability index, and sediment layer thickness. The findings indicate that the dominant period values in Palu City range from 0.3676 to 2.7777, the seismic vulnerability index varies from 3.134 to 34.720, and sediment layer thickness ranges from 31.14 m to 248.5 m. These results demonstrate varying levels of earthquake vulnerability across different sub-districts in Palu City.
Bioactive compounds and their benefit to health: a scoping review of fermented coffee
Authors: Wiharyanti Risma , Pertiwi Kartika Ratna , Aulia Fera 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages and has become very popular nowadays. Most studies on coffee still have only focused on improving flavor and aroma, leading to the emergence of specialty coffee termed as fermented coffee. On the other hand, the discussion of biological compounds present in fermented coffee and their correlation with health effects are still quite limited. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of bioactive compounds extracted from coffee fermentation and subsequently to further elucidate their corresponding biological activities. Five databases were employed, resulting to 351 identified records, which were screened and assessed to finally select eleven records as inclusion studies. The data were extracted and analyzed using narrative descriptive approach. The finding indicated that the type of coffee, fermentation parameter, and microorganism starter affect the various types and levels of bioactive compounds produced during coffee fermentation. Coffee fermentation produced phenolic and flavonoid content, including chlorogenic acid. These bioactive compounds offer various health benefits such as demonstrating antioxidant and anticancer properties, and thus preventing cardiovascular diseases. Other bioactive compounds found in fermented coffee namely alkaloids such as theobromine and caffeine, could induce diuresis in human. Coffee fermentation, however, decreased tannins which modulate nutrient bioavailability in the gut. In conclusion, fermentation can be a potential solution to increase the health benefit of coffee consumption. This study implied the importance of coffee fermentation parameter to optimalize the health benefits of fermented coffee, which is more than just as an antioxidant.
Green laboratory initiative in Faculty of Medicine: a literature review
Authors: Pertiwi Kartika Ratna , Utami Rizki Fajar , Arjana Adika Zhulhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Laboratories are important part of teaching and learning in university, however they also possess significant threat for environment sustainability. Laboratories in medical school produce significant amount of biomedical waste and need huge amount of energy, water, and hazardous chemicals. Green laboratory promotes sustainability and reduces environmental impact. This concept involves key elements namely energy and water conservation, consumable wise, as well as waste reduction and recycling. This literature review aims to explore the purposes, principles, and implementation strategies of a green laboratory, using best practices from green laboratory initiative conducted at various medical schools. To initiate the establishment of green laboratory initiative, the implementation strategies should consist of providing education and training, adopting green technology, and maintaining long-term sustainable practices. To conclude, green laboratory initiative in medical school could serve as a reference for initiating and establishing green laboratories in other university laboratories, as such university can support the achievement of sustainable development goals, while still be able to maintain the teaching-learning productivity and the quality of research.
Subsurface Modelling of the Progo River Area Using Euler Deconvolution of Topex Gravity Data
Authors: Amelia Tri , Aziz Khafidh Nur , Fitrianingtyas Rahmawati , Darmawan Denny , Nugroho Kuncoro Asih , Pramesthi Febri , Putri Elin Amelia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the subsurface characteristics of the Progo River area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using TOPEX satellite gravity data to investigate the Progo Fault. Understanding this fault is crucial, as it poses a significant earthquake risk like the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake. The analysis focused on deriving the Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA), performing Euler deconvolution, and constructing a 2D subsurface model to enhance the understanding of the area’s geological structure. The research derived the Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA), ranging from 87.6 mGal to 134.4 mGal, and performed Euler deconvolution to map the anomaly sources at depths between 778 and 1190 meters. A 2D subsurface model was developed, revealing four distinct geological formations: the Kebobutak Formation, the Sentolo Formation, the Young Volcano Formation, and alluvial deposits, offering insights into the area’s potential fault activity.
Preparation and Characterization of Bergamot Essential Oil Nanoemulsion
Authors: Wong Siew Tin Susana , Kamari Azlan , Abdullah Nurul Nabila Aini , Yusof Norjan , Wayan Sutapa I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As technology advances, there are a bunch of new materials being invented including the drug carrier system. The development of a stable and sustainable drug carrier system for essential oil aroused the curiosity of scientists and researchers. The ultimate aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize bergamot essential oil nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion was prepared with different percentage concentrations (w/v) of xanthan gum (XG), a biopolymer derived from Xanthomonas campestris bacteria that feed on corn sugar. The nanoemulsion was homogenized with a high-speed homogenizer and then with an ultrasonic homogenizer. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanoemulsion were characterized by pH, conductivity test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) study, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Research findings suggested that the concentration of a biopolymer significantly affected the pH, conductivity, and size of the nanoemulsion. The repulsion of surface ions resulted in the decline trends in the pH and conductivity tests. FTIR confirmed the well blending of the biopolymer with bergamot essential oil. STEM results presented the spheres with the size range between 63.6 nm and 85.3 nm. The sizes of particles were in accordance with DLS studies. Zeta potential values were between -15 mV and +5 mV, indicating short-term stability of the nanoemulsion. Overall, this study revealed the importance of selecting an appropriate biopolymer and its optimum concentration to obtain the most stable nanoemulsions for effective ingredient-delivery applications.
Modeling and analysis of the effects of age hardening, magnesium dissolution, and SiC reinforcement on wear properties in eutectic Al-Si composites using full factorial techniques
Authors: Shetty Ashwin , Bhat Thirumaleshwara , Sharma Sathyashankara , Prabhu Ravikantha , Hegde Ananda , K Nithesh , Anne Gajanan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of age-hardened traces, magnesium (Mg) dissolution, and silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement on the wear properties of eutectic aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) matrix composites, focusing on optimizing their performance for industrial applications. A systematic investigation was conducted using a full factorial experimental design, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed through Minitab software to quantify the individual and interactive effects of these factors on the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). The results demonstrated that age-hardened traces significantly enhance wear resistance by promoting the formation of finely dispersed hardening precipitates at moderate ageing temperatures, while over-ageing negatively impacts performance due to precipitate coarsening. SiC reinforcement emerged as a key factor in improving wear resistance, attributed to its high hardness and superior abrasion resistance. The role of Mg dissolution was found to be multifaceted, contributing to solid solution strengthening and grain refinement but also interacting with other variables in complex ways. The study concludes that the optimal combination of 1.5% Mg, 4% SiC, and a peak ageing temperature of 100 °C achieves the best balance between wear resistance and frictional performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the design of high-performance Al-Si composites, highlighting the importance of microstructural control to meet the demands of advanced engineering applications.
Resilient consensus for multiagent networks with time-varying delay and mobile adversaries
Authors: Shang Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Security issues in cyber-physical systems are often the Achilles heel for cooperative control and coordination. This paper addresses resilient consensus problems for multiagent systems under heterogeneous time-varying delays and mobile Byzantine adversaries. We propose two types of mobile attack models for continuous-time dynamical agents with or without infection detection capabilities. Delayed consensus protocols are presented where the agents are able to adjust their behavior during the latency period after recovery from an attack. It is shown that resilient consensus can be achieved under bounded delays and robust communication topologies. As a further contribution, resilient vector consensus has been solved within our framework. Simulations regarding the mobile patterns of adversaries indicate the irrelevance of global and local mobility in terms of convergence rate over Erdős–Rényi random networks. In contrast, local mobility of adversaries leads to longer convergence time compared to global mobility in power-law random networks due to their characteristic topology.
Firearms Technology and Organized Crime Assessing the Threat
Authors: Mann Monique , Bright David , Allen Ashley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There has been a concerning rise in the availability, interce ption, affordability, and technological sophistication of 3D-printed (3DP) guns. This has occurred alongside, and due to, the increasing accessibility of the digital design files required to manufacture them, which are freely and readily available on the surface or open web. Our aim in this chapter is to explore these developments, catalogue evidence concerning cases where individuals have been charged or prosecuted for possession of design files, and their availability on the surface web. We document evidence and explore the risks and potential for organized crime groups to manufacture 3DP firearms. We consider potential policy, preventative and policing responses, highlighting challenges such as harmonization of legal definitions of firearms and their components, and the transnational nature of the Internet. We conclude that further research is required to more fully understand the interplay between organized offending and emerging technologies to inform law, policy, prevention, and policing practice.
Chemical Warfare
Authors: Parasidis Efthimios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the battlefield deployment of chemical weapons during World War I. It describes the proliferation of gas warfare in Europe, even though the warring nations had agreed under the 1899 Hague Convention to abstain from the use of chemical weapons. The chapter also discusses how the warring nations brought together their respective academic and industrial elite to assist in chemical weapons research and development: how each nation considered the moral and societal implications of chemical warfare but elected to deploy chemical weapons under the rubric of military necessity. These developments expanded the scope of military medicine and research, and brought physicians and researchers into the realm of weapons development.