bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is COVID-19 Being Contained in China? An Observational Study on the Local Level
Authors: Han Ziqiang , Ai Xin , Veuthey Justin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:This article investigates how a Chinese local government responded to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, and the lessons can be valuable for the ongoing response efforts worldwide.Methods:This case study used primarily participant observations and interviews with stakeholders.Results:We find that nonpharmaceutical interventions, especially the physical distancing measures, are the primary tools used to contain the spread of the virus, and these actions keep changing to adapt to the situation of the local cases and the directions from the central government. Medical countermeasures, maintenance of essential public services, and effective public communications tactics are important allies of the strict physical distancing measures, which can enforce the public’s compliance.Conclusions:Local governments are the frontlines of emergency response. Both regulated policies (eg, physical distancing) and supportive services (eg, medical and essential living support) are necessary to the success of public health emergency response.
Rapid Integrated Healthcare Response for the First US Evacuees from Wuhan, China, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mesisca Michael , Leung Geoff , Morris Jonelle , Chang Matthew , Verbeck Roderick , Loe Stephanie , Cruikshank Jennifer , Tabuenca Arnold , Miller Rhyan , Kaiser Cameron , Saruwatari Kim , Pachon Andrew , Randall Melanie M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn January 29, 2020, a total of 195 US citizens were evacuated from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China, to March Air Reserve Base in Riverside, California, and entered the first federally mandated quarantine in over 50 years. With less than 1-d notice, a multi-disciplinary team from Riverside County and Riverside University Health System in conjunction with local and federal agencies established on-site 24-h medical care and behavioral health support. This report details the coordinated efforts by multiple teams that took place to provide care for the passengers and to support the surrounding community.
Risk factors for carbapenemase-producing organisms among inpatients in Scotland: A national matched case–control study
Authors: Zhao Shengyuan , Perry Meghan R. , Kennedy Sharon , Wilson Julie , Chase-Topping Margo E. , Anderson Eleanor , Lockhart Michael C. , Woolhouse Mark E.J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine risk factors for carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) and to determine the prognostic impact of CPOs.Design:A retrospective matched case–control study.Patients:Inpatients across Scotland in 2010–2016 were included. Patients with a CPO were matched with 2 control groups by hospital, admission date, specimen type, and bacteria. One group comprised patients either infected or colonized with a non-CPO and the other group were general inpatients.Methods:Conditional logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for CPO infection and colonization, respectively. Mortality rates and length of postisolation hospitalization were compared between CPO and non-CPO patients.Results:In total, 70 CPO infection cases (with 210 general inpatient controls and 121 non-CPO controls) and 34 CPO colonization cases (with 102 general inpatient controls and 60 non-CPO controls) were identified. Risk factors for CPO infection versus general inpatients were prior hospital stay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–10.78;P= .005), longer hospitalization (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.10;P< .001), longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01–1.98;P= .045), and immunodeficiency (aOR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.16–11.66;P= .027). Risk factors for CPO colonization were prior high-dependency unit (HDU) stay (aOR, 11.46; 95% CI, 1.27–103.09;P= .030) and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic (ENM) diseases (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.02–11.33;P= .046). Risk factors for CPO infection versus non-CPO infection were prolonged hospitalization (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.03;P= .038) and HDU stay (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02–1.26;P= .024). No differences in mortality rates were detected between CPO and non-CPO patients. CPO infection was associated with longer hospital stay than non-CPO infection (P= .041).Conclusions:A history of (prolonged) hospitalization, prolonged ICU or HDU stay; ENM diseases; and being immunocompromised increased risk for CPO. CPO infection was not associated with increased mortality but was associated with prolonged hospital stay.
Together in the Same Boat: Exiled Nationalist State and Chinese Civil War Exiles in 1950s Taiwan
Authors: Yang Dominic Meng-Hsuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power, one million mainland Chinese were forcibly displaced to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek's regime. Today, this event is still largely considered as a relocation of government or a military withdrawal operation instead of a massive population movement. Contrary to popular belief, many of the displaced mainlanders were not Nationalist elites. Most were common soldiers, petty civil servants, and war refugees from different walks of life. Based on newspapers, magazines, surveys, declassified official documents produced in 1950s Taiwan and contemporary oral history, this article uncovers the complicated relationship between the regime in exile and the people in exile. It argues that the interdependency between the two, in particular between the migrant state and the socially atomized lower class migrants, was formed gradually over a decade due to two main factors: wartime displacement and the need to face an unfriendly local population together.
Measuring and inferring the ice thickness distribution of four glaciers in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Van Tricht Lander , Huybrechts Philippe , Van Breedam Jonas , Fürst Johannes J. , Rybak Oleg , Satylkanov Rysbek , Ermenbaiev Bakyt , Popovnin Victor , Neyns Robbe , Paice Chloë Marie , Malz Philipp 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlaciers in the Tien Shan mountains contribute considerably to the fresh water used for irrigation, households and energy supply in the dry lowland areas of Kyrgyzstan and its neighbouring countries. To date, reconstructions of the current ice volume and ice thickness distribution remain scarce, and accurate data are largely lacking at the local scale. Here, we present a detailed ice thickness distribution of Ashu-Tor, Bordu, Golubin and Kara-Batkak glaciers derived from radio-echo sounding measurements and modelling. All the ice thickness measurements are used to calibrate three individual models to estimate the ice thickness in inaccessible areas. A cross-validation between modelled and measured ice thickness for a subset of the data is performed to attribute a weight to every model and to assemble a final composite ice thickness distribution for every glacier. Results reveal the thickest ice on Ashu-Tor glacier with values up to 201 ± 12 m. The ice thickness measurements and distributions are also compared with estimates composed without the use of in situ data. These estimates approach the total ice volume well, but local ice thicknesses vary substantially.
Factor Structure and Convergent Validity of the Portuguese version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – 32
Authors: Faustino Bruno , Vasco António Branco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe identification of dysfunctional patterns in individuals’ interpersonal interactions is a cornerstone of psychotherapy. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32) is one of the most used measures to explore individuals’ interpersonal styles. However, an IIP-32 Portuguese version is missing. Therefore, this study describes a preliminary psychometric study of an IIP-32 Portuguese version in a nonclinical sample. In a cross-sectional correlational design, 250 participants (Mage = 20.67,SD= 4.88, males = 33, females = 217) were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent, and divergent validities of the IIP-32 were tested with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Relationships with symptomatology were also tested with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53). The EFA showed a theoretically coherent eight-factor structure. Almost all of the IIP-32 subscales were positively correlated with personal discomfort and with BSI-53 subscales. Vindictive/self-centred, socially inhibited, domineering/controlling and self-sacrificing subscales predicted symptomatology. Promising preliminary psychometric properties were found that may support the IIP-32 as a reliable instrument to assess interpersonal styles. However, more research is required to deepen the analysis of the IIP-32 in the Portuguese population.
WILLIAM TYNDALE, HENRY VIII, ANDTHE OBEDIENCE OF A CHRISTIAN MAN
Authors: COAST DAVID 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWilliam Tyndale'sThe obedience of a Christian manhas been credited with influencing the Henrician regime's thinking and propaganda on the subject of obedience to royal authority. According to an anecdote first recorded by the archdeacon of Nottingham, John Louthe, Henry was so delighted by Tyndale's tract that he called it a book ‘for me and all kings to read’, and historians have argued that Henry tried to recruit Tyndale as a royal propagandist or diplomat in 1531. This article argues that Louthe's anecdote was probably a later invention, and that Henry disapproved of theObedienceand its author. There is little evidence that the king tried to recruit Tyndale, but wanted instead to silence him and force him to abjure his heresies. TheObediencecontained very little that would have pleased Henry, presenting him as a mere ‘shadow’ of a king, manipulated by evil prelates. While Tyndale rejected rebellion against even tyrannical rulers, this should not be confused with advocating obedience of the kind that Henry might approve of, and theObediencesanctioned disobedience of various kinds. From the outset, remarkably radical ideas were contained within an apparently ‘conservative’ tradition of English evangelical political thought.
ISOTROPIC MOTIVES
Authors: Vishik Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article we introduce the local versions of the Voevodsky category of motives with$\mathbb{F} _p$-coefficients over a fieldk, parametrized by finitely generated extensions ofk. We introduce the so-calledflexiblefields, passage to which is conservative on motives. We demonstrate that, over flexible fields, the constructedlocalmotivic categories are much simpler than theglobalone and more reminiscent of a topological counterpart. This provides handy ‘local’ invariants from which one can read motivic information. We compute the local motivic cohomology of a point for$p=2$and study thelocal Chow motivic category. We introducelocal Chow groupsand conjecture that over flexible fields these should coincide withChow groups modulo numerical equivalence with$\mathbb{F} _p$-coefficients, which implies thatlocal Chow motivescoincide withnumerical Chow motives. We prove this conjecture in various cases.
Individual- and party-level determinants of far-right support among women in Western Europe
Authors: Allen Trevor J. , Goodman Sara Wallace 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSupport for Western Europe’s far-right is majority-male. However, given the sweeping success of the party family, literature on this ‘gender gap’ belies support given to the radical right by millions of women. We examine differences between men and women’s support for far-right parties, focusing on workplace experience, positions on economic and cultural issues, and features of far-right parties themselves. We find that the received scholarship on blue-collar support for far-right populists is a largely male phenomenon, and women in routine nonmanual (i.e. service, sales, and clerical) work are more likely than those in blue-collar work to support the far-right. Moreover, while men who support the far-right tend to be conservative on other moral issues, certain liberal positions predict far-right support among women, at both the voter and party level. Our analysis suggests that gender differences may obscure the socio-structural and attitudinal bases of support for far-right parties and have broader implications for comparative political behavior and gender and politics.
A New Look at the Electron Diffusion Region in Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hesse Michael , Norgren Cecilia , Tenfjord Paul , Burch James L. , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Bessho Naoki , Chen Li‐Jen , Wang Shan , Kolstø Håkon , Spinnangr Susanne F. , Ergun Robert E. , Moretto Therese , Kwagala Norah K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new look at the structure of the electron diffusion region in collision less magnetic reconnection is presented. The research is based on a particle‐in‐cell simulation of asymmetric magnetic reconnection, which includes a temperature gradient across the current layer in addition to density and magnetic field gradient. We find that none of X‐point, flow stagnation point, and local current density peak coincide. Current and energy balance analyses around the flow stagnation point and current density peak show consistently that current dissipation is associated with the divergence of nongyrotropic electron pressure. Furthermore, the same pressure terms, when combined with shear‐type gradients of the electron flow velocity, also serve to maintain local thermal energy against convective losses. These effects are similar to those found also in symmetric magnetic reconnection. In addition, we find here significant effects related to the convection of current, which we can relate to a generalized diamagnetic drift by the nongyrotropic pressure divergence. Therefore, only part of the pressure force serves to dissipate the current density. However, the prior conclusion that the role of the reconnection electric field is to maintain the current density, which was obtained for a symmetric system, applies here as well. Finally, we discuss related features of electron distribution function in the electron diffusion region (EDR). Specifically, we analyze both new crescent substructures as well as outer, higher energy crescents generated by accelerated magnetospheric particles.
Optimization of the isolation procedure and culturing conditions for hepatic stellate cells obtained from mouse
Authors: Dang Thanh Minh , Le Trinh Van , Do Huy Quang , Nguyen Van Thuan , Holterman Ai Xuan Le , Dang Loan Tung Thi , Phan Nhan Chinh Lu , Pham Phuc Van , Hoang Son Nghia , Le Long Thanh , Grassi Gabriele , Truong Nhung Hai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) mortality rate is approximately 2 million per year. Irrespective of the etiology of LF, a key element in its development is the transition of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from a quiescent phenotype to a myofibroblast-like cell with the production of fibrotic proteins. It is necessary to define optimal isolation and culturing conditions for good HSCs yield and proper phenotype preservation for studying the activation of HSCs in vitro. In the present study, the optimal conditions of HSC isolation and culture were examined to maintain the HSC’s undifferentiated phenotype. HSCs were isolated from Balb/c mice liver using Nycodenz, 8, 9.6, and 11%. The efficiency of the isolation procedure was evaluated by cell counting and purity determination by flow cytometry. Quiescent HSCs were cultured in test media supplemented with different combinations of fetal bovine serum (FBS), glutamine (GLN), vitamin A (vitA), insulin, and glucose. The cells were assessed at days 3 and 7 of culture by evaluating the morphology, proliferation using cell counting kit-8, lipid storage using Oil Red O (ORO) staining, expression of a-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (ICC). The results showed that Nycodenz, at 9.6%, yielded the best purity and quantity of HSCs. Maintenance of HSC undifferentiated phenotype was achieved optimizing culturing conditions (serum-free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with glucose (100 mg/dl), GLN (0.5 mM), vitA (100 μM), and insulin (50 ng/ml)) with a certain degree of proliferation allowing their perpetuation in culture. In conclusion, we have defined optimal conditions for HSCs isolation and culture.
Electron-beam interaction with emission-line clouds in blazars
Authors: Wendel Christoph , Becerra González Josefa , Paneque David , Mannheim Karl 
Published: December 2020

Context.An electron-positron beam escaping from the magnetospheric vacuum gap of an accreting black hole interacts with recombination-line photons from surrounding gas clouds. Inverse-Compton scattering and subsequent pair production initiate unsaturated electromagnetic cascades exhibiting a characteristic spectral energy distribution.Aims.By modelling the interactions of beam electrons (positrons) with hydrogen and helium recombination-line photons, we seek to describe the spectral signature of beam-driven cascades in the broad emission-line region of blazar jets.Methods.Employing coupled kinetic equations for electrons (positrons) and photons including an escape term, we numerically obtained their steady-state distributions and the escaping photon spectrum.Results.We find that cascade emission resulting from beam interactions can produce a narrow spectral feature at TeV energies. Indications of such an intermittent feature, which defies an explanation in the standard shock-in-jet scenario, have been found at ≈ 4σconfidence level at an energy of ≈ 3 TeV in the spectrum of the blazar Mrk 501.Conclusions.The energetic requirements for explaining the intermittent 3 TeV bump with the beam-interaction model are plausible: Gap discharges that lead to multi-TeV beam electrons (positrons) carrying ≈ 0.1% of the Blandford-Znajek luminosity, which interact with recombination-line photons from gas clouds that reprocess ≈ 1% of the similar accretion luminosity are required.
Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?
Authors: Mjelle Anders Batman , Mulabecirovic Anesa , Havre Roald Flesland , Olafsdottir Edda Jonina , Gilja Odd Helge , Vesterhus Mette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions.
Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions.
Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions.
Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.
The Potential of Biologically Active Brazilian Plant Species as a Strategy to Search for Molecular Models for Mosquito Control
Authors: Valli Marilia , Atanázio Letícia Cristina Vieira , Monteiro Gustavo Claro , Coelho Roberta Ramos , Demarque Daniel Pecoraro , Andricopulo Adriano Defini , Espindola Laila Salmen , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNatural products are a valuable source of biologically active compounds and continue to play an important role in modern drug discovery due to their great structural diversity and unique biological properties. Brazilian biodiversity is one of the most extensive in the world and could be an effective source of new chemical entities for drug discovery. Mosquitoes are vectors for the transmission of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and many other diseases of public health importance. These diseases have a major impact on tropical and subtropical countries, and their incidence has increased dramatically in recent decades, reaching billions of people at risk worldwide. The prevention of these diseases is mainly through vector control, which is becoming more difficult because of the emergence of resistant mosquito populations to the chemical insecticides. Strategies to provide efficient and safe vector control are needed, and secondary metabolites from plant species from the Brazilian biodiversity, especially Cerrado, that are biologically active for mosquito control are herein highlighted. Also, this is a literature revision of targets as insights to promote advances in the task of developing active compounds for vector control. In view of the expansion and occurrence of arboviruses diseases worldwide, scientific reviews on bioactive natural products are important to provide molecular models for vector control and contribute with effective measures to reduce their incidence.
The Clotting Trigger Is an Important Determinant for the Coagulation Pathway In Vivo or In Vitro—Inference from Data Review
Authors: He Shu , Cao Honglie , Thålin Charlotte , Svensson Jan , Blombäck Margareta , Wallén Håkan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlood coagulation comprises a series of enzymatic reactions leading to thrombin generation and fibrin formation. This process is commonly illustrated in a waterfall-like manner, referred to as the coagulation cascade. In vivo, this “cascade” is initiated through the tissue factor (TF) pathway, once subendothelial TF is exposed and bound to coagulation factor VII (FVII) in blood. In vitro, a diminutive concentration of recombinant TF (rTF) is used as a clotting trigger in various global hemostasis assays such as the calibrated automated thrombogram, methods that assess fibrin turbidity and fibrin viscoelasticity tests such as rotational thromboelastometry. These assays aim to mimic in vivo global coagulation, and are useful in assessing hyper-/hypocoagulable disorders or monitoring therapies with hemostatic agents. An excess of rTF, a sufficient amount of negatively charged surfaces, various concentrations of exogenous thrombin, recombinant activated FVII, or recombinant activated FIXa are also used to initiate activation of specific sub-processes of the coagulation cascade in vitro. These approaches offer important information on certain specific coagulation pathways, while alterations in pro-/anticoagulants not participating in these pathways remain undetectable by these methods. Reviewing available data, we sought to enhance our knowledge of how choice of clotting trigger affects the outcome of hemostasis assays, and address the call for further investigations on this topic.