bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Polymers – we've Come Full Circle
Authors: Aida Takuzo , Meijer E.W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the first polymers were discovered, scientists have debated their structures. Before Hermann Staudinger published the brilliant concept of macromolecules, polymer properties were generally believed to be based on the colloidal aggregation of small particles or molecules. From 1920 onwards, polymers and macromolecules are synonymous with each other; i. e. materials made by many covalent bonds connecting monomers in 2 or 3 dimensions. Although supramolecular interactions between macromolecular chains are evidently important, e. g. in nylons, it was unheard of to proposing polymeric materials based on the interaction of small molecules. Breakthroughs in supramolecular chemistry, however, showed that polymer materials can be made by small molecules using strong directional secondary interactions; the field of supramolecular polymers emerged. In a way, we have come full circle. In this essay we give a personal story about the birth of supramolecular polymers, with special emphasis on their structures, way of formation, and the dynamic nature of their bonding. The adaptivity of supramolecular polymers has become a major asset for novel applications, e. g. in the direction for the sustainable use of polymers, but also in biomedicine and electronics as well as self‐healing materials. The lessons learned in the past years include aspects that forecast a bright future for the use of supramolecular interactions in polymer materials in general and for supramolecular polymers in particular. In order to give full tribute to Staudinger in the year celebrating 100 years of macromolecules, we will show that many of the concepts of macromolecular polymers apply to supramolecular polymers, with only one important difference with fascinating consequences: the dynamic nature of the bonds that form polymer chains.
MT‐102 prevents tissue wasting and improves survival in a rat model of severe cancer cachexia
Authors: Pötsch Mareike S. , Ishida Junichi , Palus Sandra , Tschirner Anika , von Haehling Stephan , Doehner Wolfram , Anker Stefan D. , Springer Jochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCachexia, a common manifestation of malignant cancer, is associated with wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new first in class anabolic catabolic transforming agent on skeletal muscle in a rat model of cancer cachexia.MethodsYoung male Wistar Han rats were intraperitoneally inoculated with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH‐130 cells and once daily treated with 0.3 mg kg−1, 3 mg kg−1 MT‐102, or placebo by gavage.ResultsThree mg kg−1d−1 MT‐102 not only prevented progressive loss of fat mass (−6 ± 2 g vs ‐12 ± 1 g; P < 0.001); lean mass (+1 ± 10 g vs. −37 ± 2 g; P < 0.001) and body weight (+1 ± 13 g vs. −60 ± 2 g; P < 0.001) were remained. Quality of life was also improved as indicated by a higher food intake 12.9 ± 3.1 g and 4.3 ± 0.5 g, 3 mg kg−1d−1 MT‐102 vs. placebo, respectively, P < 0.001) and a higher spontaneous activity (52 369 ± 6521 counts/24 h and 29 509 ± 1775 counts/24 h, 3 mg·kg‐1d‐1 MT‐102 vs. placebo, respectively, P < 0.01) on Day 11. Most importantly, survival was improved (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.16–0.51, P < 0.001). The molecular mechanisms behind these effects involve reduction of overall protein degradation and activation of protein synthesis, assessed by measurement of proteasome and caspase‐6 activity or Western blot analysis, respectively.ConclusionsThe present study shows that 3 mg kg−1 MT‐102 reduces catabolism, while inducing anabolism in skeletal muscle leading to an improved survival.
Neutralization of high pH and alkalinity effluent from recycled concrete aggregate by common subgrade soil
Authors: Chen Jiannan , Sanger Morgan , Ritchey Robin , Edil Tuncer B. , Ginder‐Vogel Matthew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUse of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as highway basecourse material conserves virgin aggregate, reduces energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and may also decrease costs during construction. However, concerns remain over possible negative environmental impacts associated with high pH (>11) effluent from RCA in contact with water. This study examines the reactive transport of high‐pH and high‐alkalinity water, modeled on RCA leachate, through model subgrade soils. By developing an understanding of the reactions controlling effluent neutralization, this study aims to quantify the change in pH from the discharge site through surrounding subgrade soils. Four types of subgrade soils with a range of mineral composition, Atterberg limits, and cation exchange capacities (CECs) are examined. They include a clayey sand (SC10), low‐plasticity clays (M14, SC25), and a high‐plasticity clay (CH38). Batch reaction experiments are used to develop kinetic parameters describing the neutralization of high‐pH and ‐alkalinity leachate by clay minerals through mineral dissolution and reprecipitation. Given this information, a reactive transport model incorporating advection, diffusion, and reaction is used to model the change in pH as a function of distance traveled through model subgrade soils and is applied to laboratory‐scale column experiments. The rate at which the high pH front travels is directly related to a soil's clay mineral content. Soils with high CECs effectively delay the propagation of hydroxide front by the dissolution of clay minerals. This study demonstrates that common subgrade soils with moderate clay content will effectively neutralize high pH leachate initially produced by RCA.
Persistence of the antimicrobials lincomycin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamethazine in prairie wetlands
Authors: Cessna Allan J. , Kuchta Sandra L. , Waiser Marley , Brua Robert B. , Bailey Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntimicrobials used in livestock production can be present in manure via excretion in the feces and/or urine. Application of raw or processed (composted or stockpiled) manure to crop and pasture land as a plant nutrient source can result in antimicrobial transport to surface waters via rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Little is known regarding antimicrobial persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, dissipation of environmentally relevant concentrations of three veterinary antimicrobials (lincomycin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamethazine) was studied in three wetlands on the Canadian Prairies. Study wetlands were fortified in the fall to simulate antimicrobial transport via rainfall runoff from fall manure applications to the wetland catchments. After fortification, water column concentrations of all three antimicrobials decreased through September and October. Plotting natural logarithm values of antimicrobial concentration against time resulted in linear relationships for all three antimicrobials, indicating that the summation of all dissipation processes for each antimicrobial could be described by first‐order kinetics. The slopes of the three plots were significantly different, indicating that the order of dissipation was lincomycin < sulfamethazine < chlortetracycline. Consequently, the dissipation DT50 (time required for 50% antimicrobial dissipation) values for lincomycin (14.0 d), sulfamethazine (7.0 d), and chlortetracycline (3.3 d) were significantly different. The longer DT50 values of lincomycin and sulfamethazine suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of these antimicrobials may affect bacterial production in prairie wetlands.
Phosphorus leaching from riparian soils with differing management histories under three grass species
Authors: Roberts William M. , George Timothy S. , Stutter Marc I. , Louro Aránzazu , Ali Mustafa , Haygarth Philip M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlants release carbon‐based exudates from their roots into the rhizosphere to increase phosphorus (P) supply to the soil solution. However, if more P than required is brought into solution, additional P could be available for leaching from riparian soils. To investigate this further, soil columns containing a riparian arable and buffer strip soil, which differed in organic matter contents, were sown with three common agricultural and riparian grass species. The P loads in leachate were measured and compared with those from unplanted columns, which were 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.04 mg kg−1 for the arable and buffer strip soil, respectively. A mixture of ryegrass and red fescue significantly (p ≤ .05) increased dissolved inorganic P loads in leachate from the arable (0.23 ± 0.01 mg kg−1) and buffer strip soil (1.06 ± 0.05 mg kg−1), whereas barley significantly reduced P leaching from the buffer strip soil (0.53 ± 0.08 mg kg−1). This was dependent on the dissolved organic C released under different plant species and on interactions with soil management history and biogeochemical conditions, rather than on plant uptake of P and accumulation into biomass. This suggested that the amount and forms of P present in the soil and the ability of the plants to mobilize them could be key factors in determining how plants affect leaching of soil P. Selecting grass species for different stages of buffer strip development, basing species selection on root physiological traits, and correcting soil nutrient stoichiometry in riparian soils through vegetative mining could help to lower this contribution.
Description of the Lesch‐Nyhan neurobehavioral disorder and its management through participant observation of three young individuals
Authors: Bozano Anna , Schiaffino Alessandra , Spessa Alessandra , Valeriani Francesca , Mancinelli Raimondo , Micheli Vanna , Dolcetta Diego 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLesch‐Nyhan disease (LND; OMIM 300322), caused by virtually absent hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, in its classic form is characterised by hyperuricemia, variable cognitive impairment, severe motor disorder and a characteristic behavioural disorder (Lesch‐Nyhan Behavior, LNB), typically described as self‐injurious behavior (SIB) and “self‐mutilation.” This work focuses on the latter aspect with the aim of exploring and broadening it.MethodsThe participant observation method was used to follow three children diagnosed with LND individually, in different contexts of daily life, always with their usual restraints and in the presence of a caregiver.Results60 observational sessions, for over 90 total hours, led to the description of 292 LNBs, interfering with different aspects of life. Harmful behaviors could be classified into different categories, based on the life aspect affected and type of harm provoked. Antecedent conditions, consequent reactions, and emotions of the child and different management of the caregiver were recorded for each LNB. We confirmed that patients normally feel pain. Most common emotional reactions are regret and shock. As a consequence of a LNB, increased anxiety was always recorded, never satisfaction. Caregiver strategies most commonly used to stop the LNB and preventing recurrences are reported and discussed.ConclusionsWe are proposing a wider LNB description, beyond the classical Self‐injurious behavior (SIB), stating that it is widespread and pervasive, involving every facet of the patients' life. Caregivers and operators should be aware that they might face different LNBs, and have to recognize them to find the better way to manage patients.
Supervisor Emotionally Intelligent Behavior and Employee Creativity
Authors: Ivcevic Zorana , Moeller Julia , Menges Jochen , Brackett Marc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a national study of employees across industries (N = 14,645), we examined the role of supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior for employee opportunity to grow, their affect at work, and creativity/innovation at work. Employees reported on their supervisors' emotionally intelligent behavior (perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions), and self‐reported about their job experiences and creativity/innovation at work. Supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior was related to employee affect at work assessed using both open‐ended questions and emotion rating scales. Furthermore, supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior was linked to employee creativity/innovation through its effect on employee opportunity to grow and higher experience of positive affect (supporting a serial mediation model). We discuss the implications of the results for creativity/innovation research and innovation management.
Molecular biology of meniscus pathology: Lessons learned from translational studies and mouse models
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Brophy Robert H. , Rosen Vicki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInjury to any individual structure in the knee interrupts the overall function of the joint and initiates a cascade of biological and biomechanical changes whose endpoint is often osteoarthritis (OA). The knee meniscus is an integral component of knee biomechanics and may also contribute to the biological homeostasis of the joint. Meniscus injury altering knee function is associated with a high risk of OA progression, and may also be involved in the initiation of OA. As the relationship between meniscus injury and OA is very complex; despite the availability of transcript level data on human meniscus injury and meniscus mediated OA, mechanistic studies are lacking, and available human data are difficult to validate in the absence of patient‐matched noninjured control tissues. As similarities exist between human and mouse knee joint structure and function, investigators have begun to use cutting‐edge genetic and genomic tools to examine the usefulness of the mouse as a model to study the intricate relationship between meniscus injury and OA. In this review, we use evidence from human meniscus research to identify critical barriers hampering our understanding of meniscus injury induced OA and discuss strategies to overcome these barriers, including those that can be examined in a mouse model of injury‐mediated OA.
Clocked control scheme of separating TFTs for a node‐sharing LTPS TFT shift register with large number of outputs
Authors: Kim Young In , Nam Hyoungsik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes the node‐sharing low‐temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistor (TFT) shift register with the clocked control scheme that completely turns separating TFTs off during the bootstrapping period to compensate for internal resistive and capacitive loads. The fluctuation is also addressed by adding pull‐down TFTs or raising the low level of the control signal.
High spatial and temporal detail in timely prediction of tourism demand
Authors: Emili Silvia , Gardini Attilio , Foscolo Enrico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat happens in forecasting problems when high frequency and high spatial detail data encounter significant publication delays? In this paper, we consider a monthly dynamic panel data model, augmented by Google Trends search query volume data, for tourism demand forecasting at high spatial detail, in which one of the main aspects is represented by a publication delay ranging from 8 to 15 months. Some findings in the tourism literature already specify forecasting/nowcasting applications considering a realistic time delay but not for more than 3 months.
Automatic Recognition of Laryngoscopic Images Using a Deep‐Learning Technique
Authors: Ren Jianjun , Jing Xueping , Wang Jing , Ren Xue , Xu Yang , Yang Qiuyun , Ma Lanzhi , Sun Yi , Xu Wei , Yang Ning , Zou Jian , Zheng Yongbo , Chen Min , Gan Weigang , Xiang Ting , An Junnan , Liu Ruiqing , Lv Cao , Lin Ken , Zheng Xianfeng , Lou Fan , Rao Yufang , Yang Hui , Liu Kai , Liu Geoffrey , Lu Tao , Zheng Xiujuan , Zhao Yu 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop a deep‐learning–based computer‐aided diagnosis system for distinguishing laryngeal neoplasms (benign, precancerous lesions, and cancer) and improve the clinician‐based accuracy of diagnostic assessments of laryngoscopy findings.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA total of 24,667 laryngoscopy images (normal, vocal nodule, polyps, leukoplakia and malignancy) were collected to develop and test a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based classifier. A comparison between the proposed CNN‐based classifier and the clinical visual assessments (CVAs) by 12 otolaryngologists was conducted.ResultsIn the independent testing dataset, an overall accuracy of 96.24% was achieved; for leukoplakia, benign, malignancy, normal, and vocal nodule, the sensitivity and specificity were 92.8% vs. 98.9%, 97% vs. 99.7%, 89% vs. 99.3%, 99.0% vs. 99.4%, and 97.2% vs. 99.1%, respectively. Furthermore, when compared with CVAs on the randomly selected test dataset, the CNN‐based classifier outperformed physicians for most laryngeal conditions, with striking improvements in the ability to distinguish nodules (98% vs. 45%, P < .001), polyps (91% vs. 86%, P < .001), leukoplakia (91% vs. 65%, P < .001), and malignancy (90% vs. 54%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe CNN‐based classifier can provide a valuable reference for the diagnosis of laryngeal neoplasms during laryngoscopy, especially for distinguishing benign, precancerous, and cancer lesions.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:E686–E693, 2020
Plant community characteristics and functional traits as drivers of soil erodibility mitigation along a land degradation gradient
Authors: Hao Haoxin , Cheng Liang , Guo Zhonglu , Wang Ling , Shi Zhihua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant community characteristics and functional traits may respond to soil erosion due to their high plasticity in varied environments. However, the linkages between plant functional traits and soil properties under erosion stress remain poorly understood, despite the fundamental role they play in controlling soil erosion. Here, we selected 50 plots on degraded land caused by long‐term water erosion representing three degrees of erosion that differed in terms of soil profile and erosion landform. We measured aboveground plant characteristics, root functional traits, and soil properties to explore their responses to the degree of erosion and to identify the main factors mitigating soil erodibility (K
r). The results showed that vegetation cover and root length density (RLD) were the plant variables that were most sensitive to the erosion stress. Topographic parameters strongly affected plant community characteristics (vegetation cover and litter mass) by favouring thicker soil layers and lower bulk densities, and soil texture strongly affected root functional traits (root mass density [RD] and RLD) by favoring lighter soils. Importantly, plant community characteristics and root functional traits were the main drivers of K
r mitigation through their mediation effects on a range of soil properties (e.g., soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and shear strength) during the restoration, and vegetation can still be efficient in maintaining and restoring soil functions, even on severely degraded land. Overall, these findings could guide restoration practices to meet soil conservation and ecosystem function goals in degraded ecosystems.
Error checking of large land quality databases through data mining based on low frequency associations
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Qian , Zhu A‐Xing , Hu Yue‐Ming , Guo Yu‐Bin , Shen Xiao‐Wen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of databases on land quality, particularly on cultivated land quality, is a prerequisite for land quality assessment and land degradation evaluation. Error checking of land quality databases is an important step in ensuring the accuracy of these land quality databases. The existing methods do not consider the intrinsic relationships among data elements in error checking of land quality databases. This paper explores a new idea for error checking of land quality database through the use of intrinsic relationships that existed in the database. The main assumption behind this idea is that database errors tend to occur at low frequencies and exist as low‐frequency associations with other data items in a database. Thus, these errors can be located by analyzing the combinational relationships between the data items in the database. Based on this idea a new method, low‐frequency data associations (LFDA) through data mining was developed in this paper. The results from control experiments shows that LFDA is effective in locating errors introduced into a land quality database. The applied experiment using the Guangzhou land quality database further confirmed this finding. This research opens a new and significant way for error checking of land quality databases.
Relative expression and regulation by short‐term fasting of lysophosphatidic acid receptors and autotaxin in white and brown adipose tissue depots
Authors: M'Hiri Iman , Diaguarachchige De Silva Kalsha H. , Duncan Robin E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH) levels have previously been reported to decrease in rodents with short‐term fasting. We investigated whether a 16 h fast would change expression of autotaxin, the predominant phospholipase D responsible for adipose‐derived lysoPtdOH synthesis, or any of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (1–6) in four white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male C57Bl/6J mice fed ad libitum, or fasted for 16 h. Aside from small inductions of Lpar1 in epididymal WAT and Lpar2 in epididymal and inguinal WAT, no significant changes were observed in expression of the Lpar family members, or autotaxin in perirenal, retroperitoneal, epididymal, or inguinal WAT or BAT with fasting. Comparison of the relative expression of Lpar1‐6 in various depots showed that Lpar6 was the predominant Lpar in both WAT and BAT, and suggests that further work on the adipose‐specific role of Lpar6 is warranted.
Benthic‐pelagic coupling and trophic relationships in northern Baltic Sea food webs
Authors: Kiljunen Mikko , Peltonen Heikki , Lehtiniemi Maiju , Uusitalo Laura , Sinisalo Tuula , Norkko Joanna , Kunnasranta Mervi , Torniainen Jyrki , Rissanen Antti J. , Karjalainen Juha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding marine ecosystem structure and functioning is crucial in supporting sustainable management of natural resources and monitoring the health of marine ecosystems. The current study utilized stable isotope (SI) mixing models and trophic position models to examine energy flow, trophic relationships, and benthic‐pelagic coupling between food web components. Roughly 1900 samples from different trophic levels in the food web, collected during 2001–2010 from four northern and central sub‐basins of the Baltic Sea, were analyzed for SI ratios of carbon and nitrogen. Trophic structure of the food webs among the sub‐basins was consistent, but there were differences between the proportions of energy in different trophic levels that had originated from the benthic habitat. Mysids and amphipods served as important links between the benthic and pelagic ecosystems. Much (35–65%) of their energy originated from the benthic zone but was transferred to higher trophic levels in the pelagic food web by consumption by herring (Clupea harengus). One percent to twenty‐four percent of the energy consumption of apex seal predators (Halichoerus grypusandPusa hispida) and predatory fish (Salmo salar) was derived from benthic zone. Diets of mysids and amphipods differed, although some overlap in their dietary niches was observed. The food web in the Gulf of Finland was more influenced by the benthic subsystem than food webs in the other sub‐basins. The baseline levels of δ13C and δ15N differed between sub‐basins of the Baltic Sea, indicating differences in the input of organic matter and nutrients to each sub‐basin.