bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field‐expedient thawing of fresh‐frozen plasma
Authors: Meledeo Michael Adam , Peltier Grantham C. , McIntosh Colby S. , Corley Jason B. , Bynum James A. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTIONFrozen plasma is superior to crystalloids for hemorrhage resuscitation but remains logistically challenging in austere environments because of specialized clinical equipment for on‐demand thawing. This research examines some ad hoc thawing techniques that have been implemented by military medical personnel.METHODSFresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) units were thawed accordingly: using a slow cooker (three temperature settings) with preheated or room temperature water; affixing flameless ration heaters from meals ready‐to‐eat (MREs) to FFP and submerging in water; exposing FFP to electric kettle‐boiled water; incubating with a sous vide immersion circulator; or using a clinical thawer (control). Hemostatic function, thrombin generation, factor activities, and essential chemistry were measured after thawing.RESULTSEven at the highest temperatures, without preheated water the slow cooker doubled thawing time (62.5 min vs. control, 32.5 min; p < 0.0001), and the final temperature was 13.5°C versus 28.8°C in control (p < 0.01). When preheated, the slow cooker thawed in 31.3 minutes (p < 0.05), with a final temperature of 22.4°C. Kettle‐boiled water thawed in 23.0 minutes with a final temperature of 25.1°C. The sous vide thawed in 28.1 minutes, with a final temperature of 20.2°C. MRE heaters were insufficient. Functional measures were similar in all conditions.DISCUSSIONIn emergencies, protracted plasma thawing is unacceptable, and slower thawing methods also produced cryoprecipitate. Although no functional changes were observed with boiled water thawing, potential negative physiological impacts must be examined. Safe, controlled thawing can be obtained with the sous vide, although optimization requires further testing.
Blood component separation of pathogen‐reduced whole blood by the PRP method produces acceptable red cells but platelet yields and function are diminished
Authors: Herzig Maryanne C. , Fedyk Chriselda G. , Montgomery Robbie K. , Schaffer Beverly S. , Bynum James A , Pidcoke Heather F. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated blood components processed by the platelet rich plasma (PRP) method from fresh whole blood (FWB) treated with a pathogen reduction technology (PRT). The effects of storage temperature on PRT treated platelet concentrates (PCs) were also examined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPRT was performed using riboflavin and ultraviolet light on FWB in citrate phosphate dextrose anticoagulant. Following PRT, red blood cells (RBCs), PCs, and plasma for fresh frozen plasma (FFP), were isolated by sequential centrifugation. RBCs were stored at 4°C, FFP at −80°C, and PC at 22°C or at 4°C. Components were assayed throughout their storage times for blood gases, chemistry and CBC, hemostatic function as well as platelet (PLT) and RBC integrity.RESULTSComponent processing following PRT resulted in a significant drop in platelet recovery. Most PRT‐PC bags fell below AABB guidelines for platelet count. PRT‐PC also showed a decrease in clot strength and decreased aggregometry response. Platelet caspases were activated by PRT. Storage at 4°C improved platelet function. In PRT‐FFP, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (PT and aPTT) were prolonged; factors V, VII, VIII, and XI, protein C, and fibrinogen were significantly decreased. Free hemoglobin was elevated two‐fold in PRT‐RBC.CONCLUSIONBlood components isolated by the PRP method from PRT‐treated WB result in a high percentage of PC that fail to meet AABB guidelines. FFP also shows diminished coagulation capacity. However, PRT‐RBC are comparable to control‐RBC. PRT‐WB retains acceptable hemostatic function but alternatives to the PRP method of component separation may be more suitable.
Validation and comparison of four handheld tonometers in normal ex vivo canine eyes
Authors: Minella Andrea L. , Kiland Julie A. , Gloe Shawna , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the accuracy and precision of the Icare®TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer and the Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet™ applanation tonometer for intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in normal ex vivo canine eyes and comparison to earlier models of these tonometers.Animals & proceduresThe anterior chambers of six normal dog eyes were cannulated ex vivo. IOP was measured with the TONOVET (TV01), TONOVET Plus, Tono‐Pen Vet™, and Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet™ at manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 70 mm Hg. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA and Bland‐Altman plots. APvalue ≤ .05 was considered significant.ResultsIntraocular pressure values obtained using the TONOVET Plus and TV01 were significantly more accurate than with the Tono‐Pen VET and Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet, particularly at higher IOPs (30‐70 mm Hg). Accuracy was not significantly different between any of the devices in the low to normal physiologic IOP range (5‐25 mm Hg). Level of precision was high for all devices, though the TONOVET Plus was more precise than the Tono‐Pen Vet in the 5‐25 mmHg range and the TV01 was more precise than the Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet over the whole IOP range.ConclusionsAll devices underestimated IOP, particularly at higher pressures. Rebound tonometers were more accurate over the full range of IOP tested and in the high IOP range; however, there were no significant differences in accuracy among devices in the physiologic IOP range. All tonometers can provide clinically useful IOP readings in dogs, but rebound and applanation tonometers should not be used interchangeably.
An Innovative Online Knowledge Translation Curriculum in Graduate Education
Authors: Astle Barbara , Reimer‐Kirkham Sheryl , Theron Magdalena Julya , Lee Joyce W. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is increased acknowledgment of the importance of knowledge translation (KT) in the role of graduate‐prepared healthcare practitioners, such as nurses, as change agents in the mobilization of evidence‐based knowledge. The offering of flexible educational programming online and hybrid course delivery in higher education is a response to insufficient didactic methods for providing graduate students with the competencies to facilitate KT.AimsTo describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a cohort‐based, online, innovative KT curriculum using a theoretical approach to KT called the Knowledge‐As‐Action Framework, which focuses on the knower, knowledge, and context as being inseparable. This process strategically engages with stakeholders to link practice concerns with existing realities, thus providing the best available knowledge to inform KT action in complex healthcare contexts.MethodsThe Model of Evidence‐Informed, Context‐Relevant, Unified Curriculum Development in Nursing Education guided the cohort‐based online KT course process. The development, implementation, and evaluation involved (a) an environmental scan, (b) a literature review, (c) faculty development, (d) curriculum design of two 10‐week courses, and (e) a summation of the concurrent participatory evaluation of the two courses, including faculty and student responses. The Knowledge‐As‐Action Framework is comprised of six interrelated dimensions as part of a “kite” metaphor, with the underlying premise that if any one of the dimensions results in an imbalance, the KT process may be grounded.ResultsEvaluation revealed (a) intentionality of the core processes of curriculum work; (b) effectiveness of indicators for evaluating the KT courses; (c) leadership should be added as a learning domain for KT; (d) the Knowledge‐As‐Action Framework provided an integrated, philosophical, and evidence‐based approach to KT; (e) cohort model facilitated a community of inquiry; and (f) the formalized structured approach of the courses with ongoing supervision and mentoring allowed for timely completion.Linking Evidence to ActionTeaching and learning in an online cohort model created a community of inquiry and facilitated experiential learning. The active engagement of students with their practice‐based stakeholders promoted change in clinical settings and enhanced students’ professional development to lead change.
The Decarboniztion of Gas Turbine Power
Authors: Langston Lee S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The gas turbine industry is facing the prospects of meeting proposed national and international targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and for the promotion of sustainable energy. The evolving role of gas turbines to decarbonize the world’s energy conversion systems has been the theme of articles in the Global Gas Turbine News (GGTN) in the last three issues, of September 2019, December 2019 and March 2020. The articles are reviewed here
Explicit Aerodynamic Model Characterization of a Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Quasi-Steady Flight
Authors: Rodríguez de Cos Carlos , Acosta José Ángel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the last years, the research on unmanned aerial systems (UASs) has shown a marked growth and the models to simulate UASs have been deeply studied. Although onboard controller algorithms have increased their complexity, most of them still rely on simplistic models. In essence, aerodynamic forces/torques are generally considered either insignificant compared to propulsion and inertial forces or acceptably modeled with constant aerodynamic coefficients estimated in a particular flight regime. However, the increase of power in the onboard computers allows to make controller algorithms more complex, and therefore, to increase the total performance of the UAS. In this regard, this work provides an explicit aerodynamic model for multirotor UAS that, unlike most of the current models, does not need iterations to be adjusted to the flight conditions at a higher computational cost. This explicit nature makes it an excellent choice for being implemented in onboard computers, thus covering a broad range of applications, from controller design to numerical analysis (e.g., the capture nonlinear phenomena like bifurcations). To obtain this accurate explicit mathematical aerodynamic model, a thorough analysis of a batch of simulations is carried out. In these simulations, the aerodynamic forces and torques are estimated using computer fluid dynamics (CFD), and the propulsive effects are taken into account via blade element momentum theory (BEMT). A study of its implementation for different regimes and platforms is also provided, as well as some potential applications of the solution, like robust control strategies or machine learning.
Facilitation as an Act of Love: A Self-Study of How a Facilitator’s Pedagogy Changed Over Time in the Process of Supporting a Community of Learners
Authors: Luguetti Carla , Oliver Kimberly L. , Parker Melissa 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This study aims to understand how a facilitator’s pedagogy changed over time in the process of supporting a community of learners to teach using an activist sport approach. Methods: Self-study framed this four-semester research project. Participants included the lead author, two critical friends, 10 preservice teachers, and 110 youth. Data collected included lead researcher’s field notes and debriefing meetings between the lead author and the two critical friends. Results: Findings identified the facilitator’s: (a) struggles to create a democratic learning space in a university context, (b) discomfort with giving up control and allowing for various degrees of preservice teachers’ engagement, and (c) negotiation of feeling of saudade (the love that remains after someone is gone) while creating a group identity. Discussion/Conclusion: A pedagogy of facilitation as an act of love offers genuine possibilities for decolonizing and reinventing reality by naming, critiquing, and challenging/negotiating forms of oppression.
High-Intensity Interval Training and Health Optimizing Physical Education: Achieving Health and Educative Outcomes in Secondary Physical Education—A Pilot Nonrandomized Comparison Trial
Authors: Dudley Dean , Weaver Nathan , Cairney John 
Published: June 2020

Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is perceived to be an efficient way to meet health outcomes in physical education (PE), the effect of HIIT on the learning environment of students is unknown. Purpose: This study compared two PE interventions lasting 8 weeks and assessed the potential efficacy of embedding HIIT into a PE program to meet concurrent health and educative outcomes. Methods: Participants (N = 166; mean age = 12.91 years) were assigned to one of two study conditions according to intact groupings: HIIT program (n = 84) and dynamic PE (DPE) program (n = 82). Assessments occurred at baseline and postintervention. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test the intervention effects in each group. Results: Postintervention analysis demonstrated increases in health indices of both groups and comparing the effect size of each intervention revealed no difference. Systematic direct observation revealed effects for the provision of terminal feedback within the HIIT intervention (g = 1.03) when compared with the DPE intervention. A self-report questionnaire revealed changes in motivation toward PE among students allocated to the HIIT group were trivial, whereas students exposed to the DPE program displayed increased levels of motivation toward their PE experience. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that HIIT may elicit positive changes in PE settings by creating a “time potential” leading to an increased opportunity to learn without negating health gains. The DPE program proved to be move favorable in terms of student motivations to learn during PE.
Discovery of two new super-eruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot track (USA): Is the Yellowstone hotspot waning?
Authors: Knott Thomas R. , Branney Michael J. , Reichow Marc K. , Finn David R. , Tapster Simon , Coe Robert S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuper-eruptions are amongst the most extreme events to affect Earth’s surface, but too few examples are known to assess their global role in crustal processes and environmental impact. We demonstrate a robust approach to recognize them at one of the best-preserved intraplate large igneous provinces, leading to the discovery of two new super-eruptions. Each generated huge and unusually hot pyroclastic density currents that sterilized extensive tracts of Idaho and Nevada in the United States. The ca. 8.99 Ma McMullen Creek eruption was magnitude 8.6, larger than the last two major eruptions at Yellowstone (Wyoming). Its volume exceeds 1700 km3, covering ≥12,000 km2. The ca. 8.72 Ma Grey’s Landing eruption was even larger, at magnitude of 8.8 and volume of ≥2800 km3. It covers ≥23,000 km2 and is the largest and hottest documented eruption from the Yellowstone hotspot. The discoveries show the effectiveness of distinguishing and tracing vast deposit sheets by combining trace-element chemistry and mineral compositions with field and paleomagnetic characterization. This approach should lead to more discoveries and size estimates, here and at other provinces. It has increased the number of known super-eruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot, shows that the temporal framework of the magmatic province needs revision, and suggests that the hotspot may be waning.
An intensified East Asian winter monsoon in the Japan Sea between 7.9 and 6.6 Ma
Authors: Matsuzaki Kenji M. , Suzuki Noritoshi , Tada Ryuji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Japan Sea was a semi-closed marginal sea mainly connected to the subarctic northwestern Pacific via shallow seaways during the late Miocene. We use a multiple regression analysis with common extant radiolarian species groups to estimate the sea-surface temperature (SST) for the period between 9.1 and 5.3 Ma. Our results show a cooling of 8 °C between 7.9 and 6.6 Ma, when the SST dropped from 24 °C to 16 °C. We infer that this cooling dominantly reflects wintertime cooling related to an intensified East Asian winter monsoon. On the other hand, cooling of the summertime SST occurred from 6.6 to 5.8 Ma, suggesting that the late Miocene global cooling is composed of a wintertime cooling phase from 7.9 to 6.6 Ma and summertime cooling phase from 6.6 to 5.8 Ma.
Skeletal muscle of females and males with constitutional thinness: a low intramuscular lipid content and oxidative profile
Authors: Bailly Mélina , Germain Natacha , Féasson Léonard , Costes Frédéric , Estour Bruno , Hourdé Christophe , N. Merlet Angèle , Thomas Thierry , Hager Jorg , Pereira Bruno , Thivel David , Courteix Daniel , Galusca Bogdan , Verney Julien 
Published: June 2020

Constitutional thinness (CT) is a nonpathological state of underweight. The current study aimed to explore skeletal muscle energy storage in individuals with CT and to further characterize muscle phenotype at baseline and in response to overfeeding. Thirty subjects with CT (15 females, 15 males) and 31 normal-weight control subjects (16 females, 15 males) participated in the study. Histological and enzymological analyses were performed on muscle biopsy specimens before and after overfeeding. In the skeletal muscle of CT participants compared with controls, we observed a lower content of intramuscular triglycerides for type I (−17%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−14%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a lower glycogen content for type I (−6%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−5%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a specific fiber-type distribution, a marked muscle hypotrophy (−20%, p < 0.001), a low capillary-to-fiber ratio (−19%, p < 0.001), and low citrate synthase activity (−18%, p < 0.05). In response to overfeeding, CT participants increased their intramuscular triglycerides content in type I (+10%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (+9%, p < 0.01) muscle fibers. CT individuals seem to present an unusual muscle phenotype and different adaptations to overfeeding compared with normal-weight individuals, suggesting a specific energy metabolism and muscle adaptations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02004821. Novelty Low intramuscular triglycerides and glycogen content in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Low oxidative capacity, low capillary supply, and fiber hypotrophy in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Increase in intramuscular triglycerides in constitutional thinness in response to overfeeding.
Cardiovascular Risk of Isolated Systolic or Diastolic Hypertension in Young Adults
Authors: Lee Hokyou , Yano Yuichiro , Cho So Mi Jemma , Park Jong Heon , Park Sungha , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Kim Hyeon Chang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Little is known regarding health outcomes associated with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), or systolic and diastolic hypertension (SDH) among young adults with stage 1 hypertension, defined using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guideline.

Methods:
From a nationwide health screening database, we included 6 424 090 participants, aged 20 to 39 years, who were not taking antihypertensive medication at the baseline examination in 2003 to 2007. Participants were categorized as having normal BP (untreated systolic BP [SBP] <120/diastolic BP [DBP] <80 mm Hg; n=2 665 310); elevated BP (SBP 120–129/DBP <80 mm Hg; n=705 344); stage 1 IDH (SBP <130/DBP 80–89 mm Hg; n=1 271 505); stage 1 ISH (SBP 130–139/DBP <80 mm Hg; n=255 588); stage 1 SDH (SBP 130–139/DBP 80–89 mm Hg; n=711 503); and stage 2 hypertension (SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 mm Hg; n=814 840). The primary outcome was composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and CVD-related death.

Results:
The median age of the participants was 30 years and 60.9% were male. Over a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 44 070 new CVD events occurred. With normal BP as the reference, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for CVD events were 1.14 (1.09–1.18) for elevated BP, 1.32 (1.28–1.36) for stage 1 IDH, 1.36 (1.29–1.43) for stage 1 ISH, 1.67 (1.61–1.72) for stage 1 SDH, and 2.40 (2.33–2.47) for stage 2 hypertension.

Conclusions:
Among young adults, stage 1 ISH, IDH, and SDH were all associated with higher CVD risks than normal BP. The CVD risks of stage 1 ISH and IDH were similar to each other but lower than the risk of stage 1 SDH. Categorizing young adults with stage 1 hypertension further into stage 1 ISH, IDH, and SDH may improve risk stratification for identifying high-risk individuals.
Early Cardiac Remodeling Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Avraham Shimrit , Abu-Sharki Soraya , Shofti Rona , Haas Tali , Korin Ben , Kalfon Roy , Friedman Tom , Shiran Avinoam , Saliba Walid , Shaked Yuval , Aronheim Ami 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Recent evidence suggests that cancer and cardiovascular diseases are associated. Chemotherapy drugs are known to result in cardiotoxicity, and studies have shown that heart failure and stress correlate with poor cancer prognosis. However, whether cardiac remodeling in the absence of heart failure is sufficient to promote cancer is unknown.

Methods:
To investigate the effect of early cardiac remodeling on tumor growth and metastasis colonization, we used transverse aortic constriction (TAC), a model for pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy, and followed it by cancer cell implantation.

Results:
TAC-operated mice developed larger primary tumors with a higher proliferation rate and displayed more metastatic lesions compared with controls. Serum derived from TAC-operated mice potentiated cancer cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting the existence of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using RNA-sequencing data, we identified elevated mRNA levels of periostin in the hearts of TAC-operated mice. Periostin levels were also found to be high in the serum after TAC. Depletion of periostin from the serum abrogated the proliferation of cancer cells; conversely, the addition of periostin enhanced cancer cell proliferation in vitro. This is the first study to show that early cardiac remodeling nurtures tumor growth and metastasis and therefore promotes cancer progression.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac remodeling because it may attenuate cancer progression and improve cancer outcome.
Ibrāhīm al-Naḫaʿī (Kufan, d. 96/714)
Authors: Melchert Christopher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ibrāhīm al-Naḫaʿī (d. 96/714) was the most prominent Follower (tābiʿī) in the Kufan legal tradition, also prominent in the areas of hadith transmission, koranic commentary, and piety. Later adherents of both hadith and raʾy cited his opinions as authoritative precedents. Presumptively, most quotations of him give us the gist of what he said, not his very words; an undetermined proportion of quotations represents not recollection of his positions but positions someone thought he surely must have taken, if asked.
原始納西語前冠音的來源與演變
Authors: 鶴 李子 
Published: June 2020

提要
方言比較的證據顯示原始納西語存在複輔音。以往的研究已經構擬了原始納西語的前冠音*C1-和鼻冠音。進一步將書面藏語與原始納西語對應的結果顯示︰*C1-只與書面藏語m-、’-兩個前冠音對應；鼻冠音與書面藏語除b-外所有前冠音都有對應。*C1-和鼻冠音與書面藏語的對應都有明確的語音條件。與*C1-對應的既有語音性的前冠音，也有語法性的前缀。
論韓國漢字詞「반지pan.ʦi」、「겨자kje.ʦa」、「우두∅u. tu」、「선비sen.pi」、「매mai」的本字
Authors: 先 申祐 
Published: June 2020

There are plenty of Chinese loan words that have lost connection with their original Chinese characters. Korean speakers may mistake them for native Korean words or connect them with wrong Chinese characters. In this article, the author applies “character-search” methodology and “sound-search” methodology for searching for the original characters of Chinese loan words which have lost connection with their graphic forms in Korean. With “character-search” methodology, this article confirms the origin of “pan-tsi (반지, which means “ring” in Korea)” is “扳指”, and with “sound-search” methodology, this article verifies the origin of Korean words “kje-ʦa (겨자, mustard)”, “∅u.tu (우두, the head)”, “sen.pi (선비, a learned man)”, and “mai (매, a quern)” are “芥子”, “為頭”, “先輩” and “磨” respectively.