bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of changes to Saudi Labour Law regarding unfair dismissal of employees
Authors: Alharbi Meshal Nayef 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Saudi Arabia recently amended the Labour Law provisions governing the unfair dismissal of employees in the private sector. The previous version of the legislation, which had been in force for many years, had entitled employees to demand reinstatement or make a claim for fair financial compensation equal to the damages sustained. The recent amendments eliminated the right of a dismissed employee to seek reinstatement and also revised the rules relating to monetary compensation. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse and evaluate the new approach, which has been criticized heavily. In addition, it suggests feasible alternative ways to handle unfair employee dismissal, which can be incorporated into the current Saudi Labour Law.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an analysis of the existing approach to dealing with unfair employee termination in the Saudi Labour Law. It is based mainly on information collected from various legal materials, such as books, review of judgments issued by the Commission for the Settlement of Labour Disputes in Saudi Arabia and relevant Islamic rules.

Findings
The results of this examination clearly show that there are several flaws in the current approach to dealing with the issue of unfair dismissal of employees. To correct this situation, workable approaches have been suggested for possible consideration and incorporation into the Saudi Labour Law.

Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first academic study to analyse the current approach to handling unfair employee dismissal in the Saudi Labour Law.
Viewpoint: service research in Post-Soviet states and the former eastern bloc
Authors: Gnusowski Marek 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the service discipline’s understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities that services marketers encounter in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) and Post-Soviet states. This paper also serves as an introduction to the special section about services marketing perspectives in this region.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the Post-Soviet reality, the paper is a viewpoint regarding the specific development potential of services marketing in the CESEE region. In addition, the three papers included in the special section use a variety of research methods, participants and service settings.FindingsFirst, this paper outlines the positive and negative consequences of the radical changes in the services markets over the past 30 years. Next, all three papers included in the special section explore the distinctive customer perspective of services marketing. Finally, this paper discusses the specific relationship building environment of the Post-Soviet reality and how its unique do-it-yourself background contributes to the existing discussion on consumers’ involvement in the co-creation of value.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings from this special section have valuable implications for future research on services marketing in the CESEE markets, although these may not always be generalizable beyond the unique context of the research detailed in each of these papers.Practical implicationsThis research, along with the three papers, presents some useful directions for services marketing managers cooperating with the CESEE markets, such as understanding and managing the expectations of their customers or employees.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first attempts to understand the uniqueness of the under-researched area of services marketing in the CESEE and Post-Soviet States, both from a theoretical and empirical point of view. This also provides previously under-represented authors from the region the opportunity to present their perspective to an international service community.
Untangling insurance, rebuilding, and wellbeing in bushfire recovery
Authors: Eriksen Christine , de Vet Eliza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHome and contents insurance is framed as key to Australia's national strategy for disaster resilience. Despite the perceived importance of financial indemnity, ambiguity characterises the ways in which it facilitates both short‐ and long‐term everyday household recovery when disaster strikes. Addressing such ambiguity, this article explores how insurance impacts upon households' capacities to rebuild and recover after disastrous bushfire. In‐depth interviews conducted with residents in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales four years after they were affected by the October 2013 bushfires show that insurance was fundamental to recovery. Swift claims handling and payouts allowed participants to access rental accommodation, material necessities, and sufficient finances to repair, rebuild, and refurnish their houses—essentials in restoring everyday routines and a sense of normalcy. Yet, many people were underinsured and used alternative strategies to stretch “adequate” insurance coverage, which had practical and emotional implications. Importantly, while insurance reduced post‐disaster stress and trauma, the length and depth of recovery were more closely determined by the impacts of personal and situational circumstances than by insurance. On that basis, analysis points to the conclusion that while insurance is a crucial tool for disaster resilience, greater levels of psychosocial support are needed to improve households' short‐ and longer‐term recovery.
Mini‐review: Role of the PI3K/Akt pathway and tyrosine phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease susceptibility
Authors: Curtis David , Bandyopadhyay Sreejan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA variety of findings from in vitro experiments and animal models support the hypothesis that one contribution to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is enhanced phosphorylation of tau protein, which may be triggered by amyloid β (Aβ) and mediated by impaired activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. A number of tyrosine phosphatases act to reduce PI3K/Akt activity, and inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases is protective against Aβ toxicity in cell cultures and whole animals. Results from analysis of exome sequenced late onset AD cases and controls similarly show that rare coding variants predicted to damage PI3K functioning increase AD risk, whereas those which are predicted to damage genes for tyrosine phosphatase genes are protective. Taken together, these results support the proposition that tyrosine phosphatase antagonists might be trialed as therapeutic agents to protect against the development of AD.
The migration of neighboring and antagonist teeth three months after implant placement in healed single tooth‐missing sites
Authors: Guo Danni , Pan Shaoxia , Mühlemann Sven , Zhou Yongsheng , E. Jung Ronald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo quantify the neighboring and antagonist teeth migration of a single posterior tooth‐missing site within 3 months using digital scanning and measuring techniques.Materials and MethodsIntraoral scans (IOS) were made in 40 patients presenting a single posterior tooth‐missing gap and receiving implant therapy. IOS were obtained at the day of and three months after implant surgery rendering a digital baseline model (BM) and a digital follow‐up model (FM). Digital models were superimposed using the implant scan body as reference. Antagonist models were processed by the best fit alignment. Dimensional change between anatomical landmarks on neighboring teeth and that of featuring points on antagonistic teeth were measured using a three‐dimensional analysis software. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to compare the tooth‐moving distance between the mesial and distal neighboring teeth. The Kruskal–Wallis one‐way ANOVA was used to test the difference in dimensional change in tooth‐missing site among age subgroups.ResultsThe mean dimensional change in the tooth‐missing site was −37.62 ± 106.36 μm (median: −28.33 μm, Q25 −72.65/Q75 38.97) mesial‐distally and −67.91 ± 42.37 μm (median: −61.50 μm, Q25 −88.25/Q75 −36.75) occlusal‐gingivally. Eighteen out of 40 mesial neighboring teeth and 24 out of 40 distal neighboring teeth showed migration towards the implants. When patients were grouped according to age, the mesial‐distal reduction in the tooth‐missing site was significantly larger in patients younger than 30 years compared with those older than 50 years (p < .05).ConclusionsThe dimensions of posterior tooth‐missing sites decreased over an observation period of 3 months.
Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus in transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Kanunnikov Mikhail M. , Rakhmanova Zhemal Z. , Levkovsky Nikita V. , Vafina Aliya I. , Goloshapov Oleg V. , Shchegoleva Tatiana S. , Vlasova Julia J. , Paina Olesya V. , Morozova Elena V. , S. Zubarovskaya Ludmilla , Kulagin Alexander D. , S. Moiseev Ivan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a specific complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with a multifactorial etiology. There is little evidence published regarding the efficacy and factors influencing the outcome of substitution of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) with other agentsas a widely accepted practice in this disorder; however, there are limited data on the options for immunosuppression manipulation (ISM). In our study, we retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 45 patients with TA‐TMA with ISM and substitution either with steroids (steroid group) or anmTOR inhibitor sirolimus (sirolimus group). In our study, sirolimus was associated with significantly better 1‐year overall survival (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13‐0.7, p = .004) and faster time to normalization of LDH (HR 2.2, 95% CI 0.99‐4.99, p = .044). Replacing CNIs with sirolimus could be an effective option in patients with TA‐TMA. A multicenter confirmatory study of CNIs replacement with sirolimus is justified.
Updating concepts on atherosclerotic inflammation: From pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Ministrini Stefano , Carbone Federico , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis is recognized as a systemic low‐grade inflammatory disease. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response and its timely resolution is a pivotal process in determining the clinical manifestations of cardiac and cerebral acute ischaemia following atherothrombosis.MethodsThis narrative review is based on the material searched on PubMed up to October 2020. The search terms we used were as follows: "atherosclerosis, inflammation, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke" in combination with "biomarker, inflammatory cells and molecules, treatment."ResultsThe expected goal of addressing inflammation for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its acute ischaemic complications is reducing mortality and morbidity related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which are currently the first cause of death and disability worldwide. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence about the main cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation in atherogenesis, atherothrombosis and acute ischaemic complications, with particular focus on the potential molecular targets for novel pharmacological treatments.ConclusionAlthough a large amount of evidence from animal models of atherothrombotic disease, and promising results of clinical trials, anti‐inflammatory treatments against atherosclerosis are not yet recommended. A deepest understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mechanisms driving resolution of the acute inflammation will probably allow to identify the optimal molecular target.
Interest and readiness for digital mental health in coordinate specialty care for early course psychosis: A survey study of 42 programs in 30 states
Authors: Camacho Erica , Torous John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAs in‐person healthcare services become suspended due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the need for digital technologies to augment early course psychosis care has risen. Although technology offers many benefits including increasing access to care, the advantages of such tools are restricted by their implementation into the program. The goal of this study is to better understand the current usage of technology, clinical needs, and digital literacy in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) programs.MethodsAn online survey of CSC staff and clinicians assessed their attitudes, preparedness, and comfort with technology implementation into care.ResultsIn total, 42 programs from 30 states responded to the web‐based survey. Of the six key roles of CSC, the role believed to be most capable for technology to augment was Family Education and Support by 90% (38/42) of participants. Eighty‐two per cent (34/42) of clinicians and staff felt that they would benefit from and have interest in receiving digital skills training (41% [17/42] strongly agree, 41% [17/42] agreed). Evaluation of respondent sentiments towards technology revealed that 70 per cent (29/42) (“agree”, or “strongly agree”) believe that technology can integrate into care easily.ConclusionsSurvey responses show overall positive sentiments towards technology implementation in early psychosis care. Findings also reveal that the digital tool would be better sustained if CSC staff and clinicians received digital skills education. This survey demonstrates that technology can augment early psychosis care while improving quality of care and expanding access to care.
Diagnosing cognitive disorders in older adults with epilepsy
Authors: Reyes Anny , Kaestner Erik , Edmonds Emily C. , Christina Macari Anna , Wang Zhong Irene , Drane Daniel L. , Punia Vineet , Busch Robyn M. , Hermann Bruce P. , McDonald Carrie R. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the nature and prevalence of cognitive disorders in older adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and compare their cognitive profiles to patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (ie, aMCI).MethodsSeventy‐one older patients with TLE, 77 aMCI, and 69 normal aging controls (NACs), all 55‐80 years of age, completed neuropsychological measures of memory, language, executive function, and processing speed. An actuarial neuropsychological method designed to diagnose MCI was applied to individual patients to identify older adults with TLE who met diagnostic criteria for MCI (TLE‐MCI). A linear classifier was performed to evaluate how well the diagnostic criteria differentiated patients with TLE‐MCI from aMCI. In TLE, the contribution of epilepsy‐related and vascular risk factors to cognitive impairment was evaluated using multiple regression.ResultsForty‐three TLE patients (60%) met criteria for TLE‐MCI, demonstrating marked deficits in both memory and language. When patients were analyzed according to age at seizure onset, 63% of those with an early onset (<50 years) versus 56% of those with late onset (≥ 50 years) met criteria for TLE‐MCI. A classification model between TLE‐MCI and aMCI correctly classified 81.1% (90.6% specificity, 61.3% sensitivity) of the cohort based on neuropsychological scores. Whereas TLE‐MCI showed greater deficits in language relative to aMCI, patients with aMCI showed greater rapid forgetting on memory measures. Both epilepsy‐related risk factors and the presence of leukoaraiosis on MRI contributed to impairment profiles in TLE‐MCI.SignificanceCognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in epilepsy and it presents in a substantial number of older adults with TLE. Although the underlying etiologies are unknown in many patients, the TLE‐MCI phenotype may be secondary to an accumulation of epilepsy and vascular risk factors, signal the onset of a neurodegenerative disease, or represent a combination of factors.
Helicobacter pylori adhesins: HpaA a potential antigen in experimental vaccines for H. pylori
Authors: Banga Ndzouboukou Jo‐Lewis , Lei Qing , Ullah Nadeem , Zhang Yandi , Hao Ling , Fan Xionglin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a gram‐negative bacterium involved in many gastric pathologies such as ulcers and cancers. Although the treatment for this infection has existed for several years, the development of a vaccine is nevertheless necessary to reduce the severe forms of the disease. For more than three decades, many advances have been made particularly in the understanding of virulence factors as well as the pathogenesis of gastric diseases caused by H. pylori. Among these key virulence factors, specific antigens have been identified: Urease, Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), Cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA), Blood group antigen‐binding adhesin (BabA), H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), and others.ObjectivesThis review will focus on H. pylori adhesins, in particular, on HpaA and on the current knowledge of H. pylori vaccines.MethodsAll of the information included in this review was retrieved from published studies on H. pylori adhesins in H. pylori infections.ResultsThese proteins, used in their native or recombinant forms, induce protection against H. pylori in experimental animal models.ConclusionH. pylori adhesins are known to be promising candidate vaccines against H. pylori. Future research should be carried out on adhesins, in particular, on HpaA.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of residents in the prevention and control of COVID‐19: An online questionnaire survey
Authors: Yang Kaihan , Liu Hui , Ma Lihua , Wang Song , Tian Yali , Zhang Feifei , Li Zhuyue , Song Yuanyuan , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the status quo and the influencing factors of residents’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and the difficulties or challenges perceived by residents in their preventive practice.DesignAn online questionnaire survey.MethodsThe self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among residents online in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, two independent samples t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression and content analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 919 valid questionnaires were collected. The scoring rates of residents’ KAP were 85.2%, 92.9% and 84.4% respectively. Main factors influencing residents’ knowledge included gender and occupation; while those influencing attitude were occupation, family economic level and knowledge; and those influencing practice included place of residence, occupation, with or without chronic disease, knowledge and attitude. Mass media was the primary approach for people to learn the knowledge and information of COVID‐19. Difficulties or challenges faced were mainly lack of protective equipments, concerns about the risk of prevention and control, impact on daily life, work and study, lack of knowledge and consensus, psychological problems and information problems.ConclusionThe attitude of residents towards COVID‐19 prevention and control is generally positive. The knowledge and practice have been popularized to a certain extent, but there are still deviations or deficiencies in residents’ understanding of certain important knowledge and the adoption of relevant preventive measures. Evidence‐based tailored public education initiatives are indicated.ImpactFindings of this study add important knowledge about residents’ understanding, attitude, practice and the influencing factors on COVID‐19 prevention and control, which serves as a scientific foundation for optimizing the pandemic public education and decision‐making.
Laboratory evaluation of Orthocentrus brachycerus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), as a potential biological control agent in mushroom cultivation
Authors: Mukai Hiromi , Kitajima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFungus gnats in the genus Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) are serious pests of the shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Agaricales: Omphalotaceae), a prize edible. Recently, we found that the parasitoid wasp Orthocentrus brachycerus Humala & Lee, 2020 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) attacks larvae of Neoempheria. We have shown in previous research that O. brachycerus suppresses population growth of Neoempheria in simulated cultivation conditions, and thus shows potential for use as a biological control agent. However, the behavioural and ecological aspects of this wasp have not been studied. Here, under controlled laboratory conditions, we investigated the fecundity, longevity and host stage specificity of O. brachycerus against Neoempheria larvae. We found that O. brachycerus are prolific throughout their life cycle. On average, female O. brachycerus made over 140 attempts to parasitize pest larvae, and over 90% of Neoempheria larvae were parasitized or died before emergence. Parasitoid females kept at 20°C survived for an average of 15.4 ± 3.58 days, and some females survived >30 days. Females continued to oviposit eggs throughout their life cycle and parasitized all stages of host larvae, but not eggs. These observations indicate that O. brachycerus may be effective for control of Neoempheria larvae in shiitake cultivation facilities. These results provide a basis for establishing a protocol for using O. brachycerus in mushroom cultivation.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of phospholipids in emulsion system
Authors: Jiang Xiaofei , Zhou Shengmin , Jiang Yuanrong , Brenna J. Thomas , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the behavior changes of two types of phospholipid emulsions under ultrasonic treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) contents for PC 50 and PC 90 were 58 and 90%, respectively. The results showed that acid value and fatty acid compositions of the two phospholipids showed no significant differences (p > .05) before and after ultrasonic treatment. The peroxide value and volatile compounds revealed that PC 50 had stronger oxidative stability than PC 90, which indicated that the synergistic effect of PC and other phospholipids components could enhance the oxidative stability of individual phospholipids. This work suggests that appropriate ultrasonic treatment could make phospholipids finely dispersed in aqueous system and promote their contact efficiency with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, resulting in the increase in antioxidant ability of the phospholipid emulsions. However, prolonged ultrasonic treatment could induce the self‐oxidation of phospholipids, and more attention should be paid to the self‐oxidation of these phospholipids when ultrasound was applied in food processing.Practical ApplicationsThis study evaluated the behavior changes of two types of phospholipids under ultrasonic treatment. The findings of this study could be useful for guiding the future usage of phospholipids and ultrasound in the food industry.