bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel green plants extract as corrosion inhibiting coating for steel embedded in concrete
Authors: ElShami Ahmed A. , Bonnet Stéphanie , Makhlouf Mohamed Hussein , Khelidj A. , Leklou N. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the ability of Aubepine and Molokhia extract, obtained by cathodic electrochemical treatment (CET), to protect steel rebar against attack by chloride ions in environment of reinforced concrete marine structures. The effect of Aubepine and Molokhia extract was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
This experimental work has achieved particularity to compare the behaviour of two types of treatment (carbon steel treated one time by Aubepine extract and one time by Molokhia extract) submitted to the presence and absence of chloride ions.

Findings
The results obtained show that the extract solution of the plant could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of steel. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of Molokhia extract and for Aubepine extract maximum concentration is 1 g/L.

Research limitations/implications
Plant extracts and traditional medicinal herbs have become important as an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source for wide range of inhibitors.

Originality/value
Aubepine and Molokhia extract are novel green plants extract as corrosion inhibiting coating for steel embedded in concrete. Aubepine is a genus of trees in the family Rosaceae and Molokhia is the leaves of Corchorus olitorius. Flavonoids content was found in both of Aubepine and Molokhia extract as green inhibitors for corrosion of metals.
Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID‐19: Initial results from the COVID‐19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED‐1)
Authors: O'Reilly Gerard M , Mitchell Rob D , Rajiv Prithi , Wu Jamin , Brennecke Helen , Brichko Lisa , Noonan Michael P , Hiller Ryan , Mitra Biswadev , Luckhoff Carl , Paton Andrew , Smit De Villiers , Santamaria Mark J , Cameron Peter A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Quality Improvement Project aims to provide regular and real‐time clinical information to ED clinicians caring for patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19. The present study summarises data from the first 2 weeks of the study.MethodsCOVED is an ongoing prospective cohort study that commenced on 1 April 2020. It includes all adult patients presenting to a participating ED who undergo testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. Data are collected prospectively and entered into a bespoke registry. Outcomes include a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test result and requirement for intensive respiratory support.ResultsIn the period 1–14 April 2020, 240 (16%) of 1508 patients presenting to The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre met inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 (5%) tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. The mean age of patients was 60 years and the commonest symptoms were acute shortness of breath (n = 122 [67%]), cough (n = 108 [56%]) or fever (n = 98 [51%]). Overseas travel or known contact with a confirmed case was reported by 24 (14%) and 16 (10%) patients, respectively. Fever or hypoxia was recorded in 23 (10%) and 11 (5%) patients, respectively. Eleven (5%) patients received mechanical ventilation in the ED, of whom none tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionsAmong patients presenting to a tertiary ED with suspected COVID‐19, only a small proportion tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Although the low incidence of positive cases currently precludes the development of predictive tools, the COVED Project demonstrates that the rapid establishment of an agile clinical registry for emergency care is feasible.
Naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone): Pharmacokinetics, behavioural effects and thermoregulation in Wistar rats
Authors: Pinterova‐Leca Nikola , Horsley Rachel R. , Danda Hynek , Žídková Monika , Lhotková Eva , Šíchová Klára , Štefková Kristýna , Balíková Marie , Kuchař Martin , Páleníček Tomáš 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNaphthylpyrovalerone (naphyrone) is a pyrovalerone cathinone that potently inhibits monoamine transporters and provides stimulatory‐entactogenic effects. Little is known about the safety of naphyrone or its effects in vivo, and more research is needed to acquire knowledge about its fundamental effects on physiology and behaviour. Our objective was to investigate naphyrone's pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity, hyperthermic potential and stimulatory and psychotomimetic properties in vivo in male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetics after 1 mg/kg subcutaneous (sc.) naphyrone were measured over 6 h in serum, the brain, liver and lungs. Rectal temperature (degree Celsius) was measured over 10 h in group—versus individually housed rats after 20 mg/kg sc. In the behavioural experiments, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of naphyrone was administered 15 or 60 min prior to testing. Stimulation was assessed in the open field, and sensorimotor processing in a prepulse inhibition (PPI) task. Peak concentrations of naphyrone in serum and tissue were reached at 30 min, with a long‐lasting elevation in the brain/serum ratio, consistent with observations of lasting hyperlocomotion in the open field and modest increases in body temperature. Administration of 20 mg/kg transiently enhanced PPI. Naphyrone crosses the blood–brain barrier rapidly and is eliminated slowly, and its long‐lasting effects correspond to its pharmacokinetics. No specific signs of acute toxicity were observed; therefore, clinical care and harm‐reduction guidance should be in line with that available for other stimulants and cathinones.
Outcomes following acute tocolysis prior to emergency caesarean section
Authors: Buckley Victoria A. , Wu Joyce , De Vries Bradley 
Published: May 2020

AimTo determine if a policy recommending administration of terbutaline prior to emergency caesarean section improved arterial umbilical cord pH.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective audit between February 2018 and June 2019 among women who underwent a category one or two caesarean section. Neonatal cord gas results and perinatal outcomes were compared before and after the introduction of a policy recommending subcutaneous terbutaline prior to emergency caesarean section.ResultsAmong 423 women in the pre‐policy change cohort and 253 post‐policy change, there was no difference in arterial cord pH (median pH = 7.24 before the policy and median pH = 7.24 after the policy was introduced, P = 0.88). There was no statistically significant difference in any perinatal outcome, apart from the median arterial cord lactate which was higher in the post‐treatment group (4.2 mmol/L vs 3.9 mmol/L, P = 0.006). Maternal heart rate was higher (median 110 vs 95, P < 0.0001) in the post‐treatment group. Breastfeeding was more common in the post‐treatment group (99% vs 95%, P = 0.005). There was no difference in estimated blood loss or rate of post‐partum haemorrhage. A post hoc analysis according to treatment received, limited to caesarean section when the indication was suspected fetal compromise, demonstrated that among women who received terbutaline the rate of low pH (<7.1) was 3.8% (5/130) when terbutaline was given, compared with 6.6% (18/272) when terbutaline was not given (χ21 = 1.3, P = 0.26).ConclusionChanging our labour ward policy to recommending terbutaline prior to all category one and category two caesarean sections did not change arterial cord pH.
The predictive power of macroeconomic uncertainty for commodity futures volatility
Authors: Huang Zhuo , Liang Fang , Tong Chen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate whether and to what extent macroeconomic uncertainty predicts the volatility of commodity futures. By examining 26 commodities in six categories, we find that the measure of aggregate macroeconomic uncertainty based on a large dataset has a significant predictive effect for commodity volatility. The predictive relationship holds both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample after controlling for lagged volatility. The extent of the predictability differs by commodity category, with energy, precious metals, and industrial metals futures having the most significant effect. For all commodities, the predictive power of macroeconomic uncertainty is stronger in more recent data and during recessions.
Using the PACT Resources Framework to Understand the Needs of Geriatric Primary Care Teams
Authors: Solimeo Samantha L. , Steffen Melissa J.A. , Gardner Ellen E. , Adjognon Omonyêlé , Shin Marlena H. , Moye Jennifer , Sullivan Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVESTo identify the perceived organizational resources required by healthcare workers to deliver geriatric primary care in a geriatric patient aligned care team (GeriPACT).DESIGNCross‐sectional observational study using deductive analyses of qualitative interviews conducted with GeriPACT team members.SETTINGGeriPACTs practicing at eight geographically dispersed Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare systems.PARTICIPANTSGeriPACT clinicians, nurses, clerical associates, clinical pharmacists, and social workers (n = 67).MEASUREMENTSSemistructured qualitative interviews conducted in person, transcribed, and then analyzed using the PACT Resources Framework.RESULTSUsing the PACT Resources Framework, we identified facility‐, clinic‐, and team‐level resources critical for GeriPACT implementation. Resources within each level reflect how the needs of older adults with complex comorbidity intersect with general population primary care medical home practice. GeriPACT implementation is facilitated by attention to patient characteristics such as cognitive impairment, ambulatory limitations, or social support services in staffing and resourcing teams.CONCLUSIONModels of geriatric primary care such as GeriPACT must be implemented with an eye toward the most effective use of our most limited resource‐trained geriatricians. In contrast to much of the literature on medical home teams serving a general adult population, interviews with GeriPACT members emphasize how patient needs inform all aspects of practice design including universal accessibility, near real‐time response to patient needs, and ongoing interdisciplinary care coordination. Examination of GeriPACT implementation resources through the lens of traditional primary care teams illustrates the importance of tailoring primary care design to the needs of older adults with complex comorbidity.
Comparison between criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with advanced chronic liver disease: GLIM group proposal versus different nutritional screening tools
Authors: Boulhosa R. S. S. B. , Lourenço R. P. , Côrtes D. M. , Oliveira L. P. M. , Lyra A. C. , de Jesus R. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent nutritional screening instruments can be used to identify the risk of malnutrition in advanced chronic liver disease patients. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare two nutrition screening tools with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.MethodsTwo nutritional screening tools, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002) and Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH‐NPT), were assessed for 166 patients with liver cirrhosis. We compared medium/high nutritional risk screening with the diagnosis of malnutrition, using the GLIM criteria as the reference standard.ResultsAccording to the GLIM criteria, 57.3% of the patients were malnourished. NRS and RFH‐NPT identified, respectively, 36.1% and 52.4% of patients with nutritional risk. RFH‐NPT presented better agreement with the diagnosis according to GLIM criteria (k = 0.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.52–0.75), higher sensitivity (80%), higher negative predictive value (79%) and larger area under the curve (82.3%) compared to the NRS.ConclusionsRFH‐NPT, when compared with the GLIM method, has substantial agreement in identifying nutritional risk, good sensitivity and good value for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.
Canopy composition and drought shape understorey plant assemblages in a young tree diversity experiment
Authors: Corcket Emmanuel , Alard Didier , van Halder Inge , Jactel Hervé , Garrido Diaz Begoña , Reuzeau Edith , Castagneyrol Bastien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsTree diversity is key to the functioning of forest ecosystems. However, which components of tree diversity are responsible for tree diversity effects on associated organisms, and in which context, is poorly understood.LocationORPHEE Experimental site, Cestas–Pierroton in the southwest of France.MethodsWe used a large‐scale tree diversity experiment in which we controlled water availability by an irrigation treatment to address tree diversity and water stress effects on the diversity and height of forest understorey vegetation. We assessed the species richness and height of understorey vegetation in irrigated and non‐irrigated 20 m × 20 m plots, either being monocultures of Pinus pinaster, Betula pendula or Quercus robur, or either mixtures of two to five species among Pinus pinaster, Betula pendula, Quercus robur, Quercus ilex and Quercus pyrenaica.ResultsTree species composition, i.e. the proportion of birch or pine, had a significant effect on understorey plant assemblage, species richness and diversity. The proportion of the fast‐growing deciduous angiosperm Betula pendula was negatively correlated to understorey plant richness and diversity, and positively correlated with understorey vegetation height. Understorey vegetation was higher in irrigated plots than in non‐irrigated plots, but irrigation had no clear effect on the species richness, diversity or composition of understorey plant assemblages.ConclusionsForest tree species composition and in particular the relative proportions of different tree species had stronger effects on understorey plants than tree species richness per se. These effects were consistent across irrigation treatments. Even in young forest plantations, effects of tree mixture on understorey vegetation may be observed and seem mainly driven by the functional type of tree in the canopy and initial dynamics of plant regeneration in planted forests.
Comparative efficiency of oestrus synchronization in sheep with progesterone/eCG and progesterone/GnRH during breeding and non‐breeding season
Authors: Santos‐Jimenez Zurisaday , Martinez‐Herrero Claudia , Encinas Teresa , Martinez‐Ros Paula , Gonzalez‐Bulnes Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study compared the occurrence of oestrus behaviour and ovulation in response to the insertion of CIDR devices plus a classical treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; single dose at CIDR removal) or alternative treatments with gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH, either in a single dose at 56 hr after CIDR removal, or in one dose at CIDR insertion and another dose at 56 hr after CIDR removal). The appearance of oestrus behaviour during reproductive season ranged between 84% and 95% and all females showing oestrus signs had subsequent ovulations. The response, during seasonal anoestrus, was similar in the group treated with eCG, but less than half of the females in the groups treated with GnRH showed oestrus signs in response to the treatment, although more than 80% of them showed resumption of ovulatory activity after the treatment. In conclusion, protocols based on GnRH administration offer similar yields to eCG‐based protocols during the reproductive season but occurrence of oestrus in response to GnRH‐based treatments is highly compromised during seasonal anoestrus.
Factors associated with quality of life for children affected by parental illness or substance abuse
Authors: Kallander Ellen Katrine , Weimand Bente M. , Hanssen‐Bauer Ketil , Van Roy Betty , Ruud Torleif 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere have been inconsistent findings from studies examining factors associated with quality of life (QoL) for children affected by parental illness.AimThe aim of this study was to explore factors associated with self‐reported QoL in children affected by parental illness or parental substance abuse.DesignA cross‐sectional multicentre study.MethodsThe sample included 246 families with children 8–18 years recruited via ill parents who received treatment for severe physical illness, mental illness or substance abuse in specialised health services. We performed multiple linear regression analyses to examine factors associated with the children’s self‐reported QoL.Main outcome measureKIDSCREEN‐27.ResultsThe children’s self‐reported QoL was positively associated with the ill parent’s self‐reported physical health, the children’s self‐reported social skills, the degree to which other adults took over the ill parent’s responsibilities, provision of sibling care, provision of health care for the ill parent and positive outcome of caregiving. The children’s QoL was negatively associated with the children’s self‐reported responsibilities due to parental illness, provision of emotional care for the ill parent, negative outcomes of caregiving and external locus of control. The model explained 63% of the variance (adjusted R2) in children’s total QoL.Study limitationsSampling bias may have occurred during recruitment.ConclusionsThe findings suggest factors of importance for the children’s QoL. Clinicians should assess whether an ill parent’s physical health may influence negatively on their ability to perform daily responsibilities at home and care for their children, and clinicians can use children’s self‐reported QoL to identify children who are most negatively affected.
Use of genetic variation to separate the effects of early and later life adiposity on disease risk: mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Richardson Tom G , Sanderson Eleanor , Elsworth Benjamin , Tilling Kate , Davey Smith George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate whether body size in early life has an independent effect on risk of disease in later life or whether its influence is mediated by body size in adulthood.

Design
Two sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomisation.

Setting
The UK Biobank prospective cohort study and four large scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consortiums.

Participants
453 169 participants enrolled in UK Biobank and a combined total of more than 700 000 people from different GWAS consortiums.

Exposures
Measured body mass index during adulthood (mean age 56.5) and self-reported perceived body size at age 10.

Main outcome measures
Coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.

Results
Having a larger genetically predicted body size in early life was associated with an increased odds of coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.49 for each change in body size category unless stated otherwise, 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 1.68) and type 2 diabetes (2.32, 1.76 to 3.05) based on univariable mendelian randomisation analyses. However, little evidence was found of a direct effect (ie, not through adult body size) based on multivariable mendelian randomisation estimates (coronary artery disease: 1.02, 0.86 to 1.22; type 2 diabetes:1.16, 0.74 to 1.82). In the multivariable mendelian randomisation analysis of breast cancer risk, strong evidence was found of a protective direct effect for larger body size in early life (0.59, 0.50 to 0.71), with less evidence of a direct effect of adult body size on this outcome (1.08, 0.93 to 1.27). Including age at menarche as an additional exposure provided weak evidence of a total causal effect (univariable mendelian randomisation odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.06) but strong evidence of a direct causal effect, independent of early life and adult body size (multivariable mendelian randomisation odds ratio 0.90, 0.85 to 0.95). No strong evidence was found of a causal effect of either early or later life measures on prostate cancer (early life body size odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.40; adult body size 0.87, 0.70 to 1.08).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the positive association between body size in childhood and risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood can be attributed to individuals remaining large into later life. However, having a smaller body size during childhood might increase the risk of breast cancer regardless of body size in adulthood, with timing of puberty also putatively playing a role.
Accelerated, Dose escalated, Sequential Chemoradiotherapy in Non-small-cell lung cancer (ADSCaN): a protocol for a randomised phase II study
Authors: Hatton Matthew Q F , Lawless Claire Anne , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Landau David , Lester Jason F , Fenwick John , Simões Rita , McCartney Elaine , Boyd Kathleen Anne , Haswell Tom , Shaw Ann , Paul James 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in the UK, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Most patients present with inoperable disease; therefore, radiotherapy plays a major role in treatment. However, the majority of patients are not suitable for the gold standard treatment (concurrent chemoradiotherapy) due to performance status and comorbidities. Novel strategies integrating radiotherapy advances and radiobiological knowledge need to be evaluated in patients treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy. Four separate dose escalation accelerated radiotherapy schedules have been completed in UK (CHART-ED, IDEAL-CRT, I-START and Isotoxic IMRT). This study will compare these schedules with a UK standard sequential chemoradiotherapy schedule of 55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. As it would be impossible to test all schedules in a phase III study, the aim is to use a combined randomised phase II screening/‘pick the winner’ approach to identify the best schedule to take into a randomised phase III study against conventionally fractionated radiotherapy.Methods and analysisSuitable patients will have histologically/cytologically confirmed, stage III NSCLC and are able to undergo chemoradiotherapy treatment. The study will recruit 360 patients; 120 on the standard arm and 60 on each experimental arm. Patients will complete 2–4 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy before being randomised to one of the radiotherapy schedules. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, with overall survival, time to local–regional failure, toxicity and cost-effectiveness as secondary objectives.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval (research ethics committee (REC) reference: 16/WS/0165) from the West of Scotland REC 1. The trial is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. Trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented internationally.Trial registration numberISRCTN47674500.