bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of nitrogen practices on yield, grain quality, and nitrogen‐use efficiency of crops and soil fertility in three paddy‐upland cropping systems
Authors: Liu Chuang , Chen Fang , Li Zhiguo , Cocq Kate Le , Liu Yi , Wu Lianhai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlobal food security faces a number of challenges due to increasing population, climate change, and urbanization, while excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers has become a major challenge for sustainable, intensive agriculture. Assessing the impact of agronomic management practices on seed yield, grain quality, and soil fertility is a critical step in understanding nutrientuse efficiency.RESULTThe comprehensive evaluation index had good fitness to that of single attribute (i.e. seed yield, crop quality and soil fertility), indicating that the comprehensive evaluation index was reliable. Applying controlled‐release urea (rice in wheat and oilseed rape field: 150 kg N ha−1, other crops: 120 kg N ha−1) plus common urea (30 kg N ha−1) incorporating straw from the previous season across the growing season for cereal and oilseed crops showed a slight improvement in seed productivity and Nuse efficiency among three cropping systems in the traditional evaluation method. Compared with local farm practice (applying common urea of 150 kg N ha−1), applying these practices in combination based on the outcome of the comprehensive evaluation index method decreased the seed yield by −1.27 ~ 29.8% but improved quality and soil fertility for the paddy‐upland cropping system, respectively.CONCLUSIONProperly managing N application by applying partial and fully controlled release of urea with or without straw incorporation for a specific crop system has the potential to provide a better compromise among yield, grain quality, and soil fertility in southern China. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Supercritical and ultrasound‐assisted extracts from Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom: chemical profiles, antioxidative, and enzyme‐inhibitory properties
Authors: Milovanovic Ivan , Zengin Gokhan , Maksimovic Svetolik , Tadic Vanja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study provides an insight into the impact of ultrasound‐assisted extraction with water as solvent (UAEW) and extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) with 5% EtOH on antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity in regard to the chemical profile of the edible and medicinal mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius.ResultsExtraction efficiency was between 0.36% and 63.32%, depending on the extraction technique. The main compounds in the extracts were fatty acids. Supercritical CO2 extraction with co‐solvent was the most suitable method for obtaining extracts that were rich in ergosterol content, reaching a value of 40.1 mg g−1. The UAEW of crude mushroom powder ensured the highest yield, as well as the extracts with best antioxidative activity. The measurements of enzyme inhibitory activity revealed that all types of investigated extracts exhibited only tyrosinase and amylase inhibition at a significant level.ConclusionBased on our results, the extraction methods significantly affected the chemical profile and bioactivity of P. pulmonarius. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of hydrothermal processing on squalene, α‐tocopherol, and fatty acid content in Job's tears grain milled fractions: evaluation of their storage stability
Authors: Luithui Yoya , Kamani Mohammad Hassan , Sreerama Yadahally N , Meera Manchanahally S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDJob's tears possess an exceptionally high amount of fat and the unsaponifiable fraction is a potential source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal processing on squalene, α‐tocopherol, and fatty acids in the whole‐grain, milled fractions, and their storage stability.RESULTSThe highest level of squalene content was found in the bran fractions of native and processed Job's tears (11.54–12.75 mg 100 g−1). A remarkably high amount of α‐tocopherol was also found in the bran (59.75 ± 0.47 mg 100 g−1) and germ (67.05 ± 0.94 mg 100 g−1) of the processed grain fractions. The storage stability evaluation of these bioactive compounds in the polished grains revealed no significant difference between 0 and 15 days of storage under elevated temprature of 37 °C and 92% relative humidity (accelarated storage conidition) and retained the bioactive compounds longer in the processed grains.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the processed Job's tears milled fractions with high bioactive compounds and improved shelf life can be used as food ingredients in product development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolic stability studies of lead compounds supported by separation techniques and chemometrics analysis
Authors: Ulenberg Szymon , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith metabolism being one of the main routes of drug elimination from the body (accounting for removal of around 75% of known drugs), it is crucial to understand and study metabolic stability of drug candidates. Metabolically unstable compounds are uncomfortable to administer (requiring repetitive dosage during therapy), while overly stable drugs increase risk of adverse drug reactions. Additionally, biotransformation reactions can lead to formation of toxic or pharmacologically active metabolites (either less‐active than parent drug, or even with different action). There were numerous approaches in estimating metabolic stability, including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and high‐throughput screening to name a few. This review aims at describing separation techniques used in in vitro metabolic stability estimation, as well as chemometric techniques allowing for creation of predictive models which enable high‐throughput screening approach for estimation of metabolic stability. With a very low rate of drug approval, it is important to understand in silico methods that aim at supporting classical in vitro approach. Predictive models that allow assessment of certain biological properties of drug candidates allow for cutting not only cost, but also time required to synthesize compounds predicted to be unstable or inactive by in silico models.
Social–Emotional Profiles of PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Borderline Personality Disorder Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Young Adults: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Saraiya Tanya C. , Fitzpatrick Skye , Zumberg‐Smith Kathryn , López‐Castro Teresa , E. Back Sudie , A. Hien Denise 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe debate around the construct validity of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has begun to examine whether CPTSD diverges from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when it co‐occurs with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present study (a) examined the construct validity of CPTSD through a latent class analysis of a non–treatment‐seeking sample of young trauma‐exposed adults and (b) characterized each class in terms of trauma characteristics, social emotions (e.g., shame, guilt, blame), and interpersonal functioning. A total of 23 dichotomized survey items were chosen to represent the symptoms of PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD and administered to 197 trauma‐exposed participants. Fit statistics compared models with 2–4 latent classes. The four‐class model showed the best fit statistics and clinical interpretability. Classes included a “high PTSD+CPTSD+BPD” class, characterized by high‐level endorsement of all symptoms for the three diagnoses; a “moderate PTSD+CPTSD+BPD” class, characterized by endorsement of some symptoms across all three diagnoses; a “PTSD” class, characterized by endorsement of the ICD‐11 PTSD criteria; and a “healthy” class, characterized by low symptom endorsement overall. Pairwise comparisons showed individuals in the high PTSD+CPTSD+BPD class to have the highest levels of psychological distress, traumatic event history, adverse childhood experiences, and PTSD symptoms. Shame was the only social emotion to significantly differ between the classes, p = .002, η² = .16. The findings diverge from the literature, indicating an overlap of PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD symptoms in a non–treatment‐seeking community sample. Further, shame may be a central emotion that differentiates between presentation severities following trauma exposure.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule and Pyramid: Outcomes and Reconstructive Strategies
Authors: Lambertoni Alessia , Cherubino Mario , Battaglia Paolo , De Col Alessia , Giovannardi Marta , Antognoni Paolo , Valdatta Luigi , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Bignami Maurizio , Castelnuovo Paolo , Turri‐Zanoni Mario 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesSquamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule and pyramid is rare, thus classification, treatment protocol, and indications for elective neck treatment are still controversial. Nasal reconstruction is challenging, as well, and prosthesis is still used.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective review of patients surgically treated from 2010 to 2018 in a single Institution. Advanced tumors were further treated with adjuvant irradiation. Reconstruction strategy included grafts, locoregional and free flaps, and was customized on layers removed.ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled. The 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival were 81.9% ± 7.45% and 61.9% ± 9.09%, respectively. Wang's classification, site of origin, extent of surgery and margins status significantly correlated with prognosis and recurrence rate. Regional recurrences occurred in patients affected by advanced tumors who did not receive any form of elective neck treatment.ConclusionMultidisciplinary management and a proper reconstructive algorithm are recommended. Adjuvant irradiation and elective neck treatment should be advocated for advanced stage high‐risk patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E1198–E1208, 2021
The Association of Vestibular Schwannoma Volume With Facial Nerve Outcomes After Surgical Resection
Authors: Killeen Daniel E. , Barnett Samuel L. , Mickey Bruce E. , Hunter Jacob B. , Isaacson Brandon , Kutz Joe Walter 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between tumor size and facial nerve outcomes following vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.Study DesignSingle institutional retrospective chart review of all adult patients with untreated sporadic VS who underwent surgical resection from 2008 to 2018 with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1 year of follow‐up. The primary outcome measure was facial nerve outcome as assessed by the House‐Brackmann facial nerve grading system.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐seven patients, 54.5% female, with a median age of 49 years (20–76 years), were identified who underwent VS resection. Surgical resection was performed by translabyrinthine (76.7%), middle cranial fossa (14.4%), retrosigmoid (7.2%), and transpromontorial (1.8%) approaches. The median tumor diameter and volume were 25.3 mm (range: 4.1–47.1 mm) and 3.17 cm3 (range: 0.01–30.6 cm3), respectively. The median follow‐up was 24.2 months (range: 12–114.2 months). Gross total resection was performed in 79% of cases, with residual tumor identified on MRI in 17% of cases. For patients with tumors <3 cm3, 92.7% had grade 1 or 2 facial function after at least 1 year follow‐up, compared to 81.2% for those with tumors >3 cm3 (univariate logistic regression OR = 2.9, P = .03). Tumor volume >3 cm3 was predictive of facial weakness on multivariate regression analysis (OR = 7.4, P = .02) when controlling for surgical approach, internal auditory canal extension, anterior extension, age, gender, and extent of resection.ConclusionsTumor volume >3 cm3 is associated with worse facial nerve outcomes 12 months following surgical resection.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E1328–E1334, 2021
Long‐term clinical and patient‐reported outcomes in free flap reconstruction of the weight‐bearing heel pad and non‐weight‐bearing Achilles tendon regions
Authors: Grauberger Jennifer N. , Gibreel Waleed O. , Moran Steven L. , Carlsen Brian T. , Bakri Karim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe non‐weight‐bearing (NWB) Achilles tendon and weight‐bearing (WB) heel pad regions are technically challenging to reconstruct with distinct functional and aesthetic considerations that have not been previously considered in the literature. This study is the first to characterize the long‐term clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of these components to better inform patients about the postreconstruction period.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records and phone‐based survey of adult patients who underwent free flap reconstruction of the heel/ankle with 6‐month minimum clinical follow‐up was performed.ResultsForty‐three patients, with 31 (72.1%) NWB and 12 (27.9%) WB defects, treated from January 1, 2000 to February 28, 2017 were included. Muscle flaps were more common than fasciocutaneous flaps (N = 36 [83.7%] vs. 7 [16.3%]). Flap survival rate was 95.3% and limb salvage rate was 93.0% at median follow‐up of 12.0 months (interquartile range [IQR] 6.2, 25.5). Flap ulceration occurred more frequently in the WB region (41.7 vs. 6.5%, p = .0123). The survey response rate was 63.6%. The majority of patients complete daily tasks with no/little impairment (76.2%), walk half a mile or more (85.7%), returned to work (86.6%), and fit shoes “fair” or “well” (71.4%). Most patients were “very satisfied” with heel/ankle function (71.4%) and would “very likely” undergo the same procedure if needed (76.2%).ConclusionsFree flap reconstruction in both the NWB Achilles tendon and WB heel pad has excellent limb salvage and flap survival rates. Patients were satisfied with heel/ankle function, but additional counseling is recommended for variance in appearance and higher ulceration rates in WB defects.
Targeted transfer learning to improve performance in small medical physics datasets
Authors: Romero Miguel , Interian Yannet , Solberg Timothy , Valdes Gilmer 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo perform an in‐depth evaluation of current state of the art techniques in training neural networks to identify appropriate approaches in small datasets.MethodIn total, 112,120 frontal‐view X‐ray images from the NIH ChestXray14 dataset were used in our analysis. Two tasks were studied: unbalanced multi‐label classification of 14 diseases, and binary classification of pneumonia vs non‐pneumonia. All datasets were randomly split into training, validation, and testing (70%, 10%, and 20%). Two popular convolution neural networks (CNNs), DensNet121 and ResNet50, were trained using PyTorch. We performed several experiments to test: (a) whether transfer learning using pretrained networks on ImageNet are of value to medical imaging/physics tasks (e.g., predicting toxicity from radiographic images after training on images from the internet), (b) whether using pretrained networks trained on problems that are similar to the target task helps transfer learning (e.g., using X‐ray pretrained networks for X‐ray target tasks), (c) whether freeze deep layers or change all weights provides an optimal transfer learning strategy, (d) the best strategy for the learning rate policy, and (e) what quantity of data is needed in order to appropriately deploy these various strategies (N = 50 to N = 77 880).ResultsIn the multi‐label problem, DensNet121 needed at least 1600 patients to be comparable to, and 10 000 to outperform, radiomics‐based logistic regression. In classifying pneumonia vs non‐pneumonia, both CNN and radiomics‐based methods performed poorly when N < 2000. For small datasets ( < 2000), however, a significant boost in performance (>15% increase on AUC) comes from a good selection of the transfer learning dataset, dropout, cycling learning rate, and freezing and unfreezing of deep layers as training progresses. In contrast, if sufficient data are available (>35 000), little or no tweaking is needed to obtain impressive performance. While transfer learning using X‐ray images from other anatomical sites improves performance, we also observed a similar boost by using pretrained networks from ImageNet. Having source images from the same anatomical site, however, outperforms every other methodology, by up to 15%. In this case, DL models can be trained with as little as N = 50.ConclusionsWhile training DL models in small datasets (N < 2000) is challenging, no tweaking is necessary for bigger datasets (N > 35 000). Using transfer learning with images from the same anatomical site can yield remarkable performance in new tasks with as few as N = 50. Surprisingly, we did not find any advantage for using images from other anatomical sites over networks that have been trained using ImageNet. This indicates that features learned may not be as general as currently believed, and performance decays rapidly even by just changing the anatomical site of the images.
Finite horizon nonlinear optimal control for a quadrotor: Experimental results
Authors: Santos‐Sánchez Omar , García Orlando , Romero Hugo , Salazar Sergio , Lozano Rogelio 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, a suboptimal nonlinear discrete control sequence for nonlinear discrete affine control systems is proposed. Using the dynamic programming approach in discrete time domain, the suboptimal control sequence is obtained in every step considering a quadratic performance index of finite horizon. The proposed control strategy is applied to improve the dynamic and energetic performances of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, when it is subject to special maneuvers or flight conditions, such as the take off and landing phases or trajectory tracking. For these tasks, it could be required convergence in finite time and good behavior. Performing a comparative experimental study with others controllers (optimal linear and PD controllers), the effectiveness of proposed approach is proven.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate associated nephrotoxicity: a retrospective cohort study at two referral hospitals in Namibia
Authors: Kalemeera Francis , Godman Brian , Stergachis Andy , Rennie Timothy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence and risk factors of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐related renal impairment (RI) in Namibia are unknown where TDF‐containing ART regimens are used as the first line for HIV.MethodologyA retrospective cohort study among HIV‐infected patients at two intermediate hospitals. A decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significant if it was ≥25% and included a change to a lower eGFR stage. New‐onset RI was defined as an eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73m2.Results10 387 patients were included: 11.4% (n = 1182) experienced the decline in eGFR. Of these, 0.6% (n = 62) migrated to eGFR stages IV and V. The incidence was 4.5 (95% CI: 4.3‐4.8) per 100 patient years. RI developed in 400 patients for an incidence rate of 2.4 (95% CI: 2.2‐2.6) cases per 100 patient years. Risk factors with effect sizes >2.0, for decline‐in‐eGFR were baseline eGFR >60 (aHR = 15.6); hyperfiltration (aHR = 5.0); and pregnancy (aHR = 2.4); while for RI, they were hyperfiltration (aHR = 4.1) and pregnancy (aHR = 29).ConclusionThe incidence of decline‐in‐eGFR was higher than in other sub‐SSA countries, but not RI. A high baseline eGFR had the greatest risk for the decline, and hyperfiltration for the RI.
Comparison of SIMV + PS and AC modes in chronically ventilated children and effects on speech
Authors: Sohn Eugene Y. , Peck Katy , Kamerman‐Kretzmer Rory , Kato Roberta , Keens Thomas G. , Davidson Ward Sally L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo modes of ventilation commonly used in children requiring chronic home mechanical ventilation (HMV) via tracheostomy are Assist Control (AC) and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation with Pressure Support (SIMV + PS). There has been no study comparing these two modes of ventilation in children requiring chronic HMV.MethodsWe studied children requiring HMV capable of completing speech testing. Study participants were blinded to changes and studied on both modes, evaluating their oxygen saturation, end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), heart rate, respiratory rate, and respiratory pattern. Subjects completed speech testing and answered subjective questions about their level of comfort, ease of breathing, and ease of speech.ResultsFifteen children aged 12.3 ± 4.8 years were tested. There was no difference in mean oxygen saturation, minimum oxygen saturation, mean PETCO2, maximum PETCO2, mean heart rate, and mean respiratory rate. The maximum heart rate on AC was significantly lower than SIMV + PS, p = .047. Subjects breathed significantly above the set rate on SIMV + PS (p = .029), though not on AC. Subjects found it significantly easier to speak on AC, though there was no statistically significant difference in speech testing. Four subjects had multiple prolonged PS breaths on SIMV + PS. Many subjects exhibited an abnormal cadence to speech, with some speaking during both inhalation and exhalation phases of breathing.ConclusionsThere were few differences between AC and SIMV + PS, with a few parameters favoring AC that may not be clinically significant. This includes the subjective perception of ease of speech. We also found unnatural patterns of speech in children requiring HMV.
An input‐to‐state stable model predictive control framework for Lipschitz nonlinear parameter varying systems
Authors: Menezes Morato Marcelo , Elias Normey‐Rico Julio , Sename Olivier 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article develops a state‐feedback model predictive control (MPC) framework for nonlinear parameter varying (NLPV) systems with explicit Lipschitz nonlinearities along the input trajectory. Considering a guess for the evolution of the scheduling parameters along the prediction horizon, the proposed optimization procedure for the MPC design includes a terminal stage cost, a contracting terminal region constraint and nominal predictions scheduled with respect to this guess. The terminal region is taken so that it is monotonically decreasing to a pre‐determined set, which guarantees recursive feasibility of the algorithm with respect to a bound on the admissible uncertainties (introduced from the scheduling parameter guess). The terminal set is a scheduled robust control invariant set for Lipschitz nonlinear systems, computed through some proposed LMIs. The inclusion of the terminal ingredient also serves to demonstrate input‐to‐state quadratic stability. This article ends with a successful numerical simulation example of the technique applied to the control of a semiactive automotive suspension system equipped with electro‐rheological dampers. Comparisons are given with respect to open‐loop behavior and to a robust LQR controller.
Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Isothiazole Ligands: Crystal Structure, HSA/DNA Interactions, Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Docking Simulations
Authors: Djukić Maja B. , Jeremić Marija S. , Filipović Ignjat P. , Klisurić Olivera R. , Jelić Ratomir M. , Popović Suzana , Matić Sanja , Onnis Valentina , Matović Zoran D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo new neutral ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2(1)] (3) and [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2(2)] (4) (1=5‐(phenylamino)‐3‐pyrrolidin‐1‐ylisothiazole‐4‐carbonitrile; 2=3‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐5‐(phenylamino)isothiazole‐4‐carbonitrile) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure was confirmed for complex 3 and both ligands. Examination of the interactions of ligands and complexes with CT‐DNA (Calf Thymus DNA), as well as with HSA (Human Serum Albumin) revealed that ligands and complexes could interact with CT‐DNA through intercalation and could bind strongly with HSA. Docking experiments toward DNA dodecamer indicate excellent accordance with experimental ΔG values. The cytotoxic activity of ligands and complexes was evaluated by MTT assay against HCT116 and HeLa tumoral cells. The complexes 3 and 4 showed good activity and selectivity on HCT116 cells. Neither of the tested compounds shows cytotoxic activity against a healthy MRC‐5 cell line. Flow cytometry analysis showed the apoptotic death of the HCT116 cells with a cell cycle arrest in the S‐phase.