bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring safety during the work with mercury and its inorganic salts
Authors: Gumerov T Yu , Freze T Yu , Gabdukaeva L Z 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a food product intended for the nutrition of those working with mercury and its inorganic compounds. Efficiency consists in the ability to neutralize mercury compounds, convert them to an inert form, have a neutralizing effect and cleanse the body. The composition of the product includes ingredients that reduce the processes of intoxication with mercury and its inorganic compounds, as well as reduce the main symptoms and stages of mercury poisoning (chronic mercury poisoning with constant exposure to metal vapors or its compounds). Cereal bar is proposed for feeding workers working with mercury and its inorganic compounds, which includes the following ingredients: oat bran, raisins, dates, crushed peanuts, bee honey, coarse wheat fibre, rice flour, strawberries, sea cabbage, beetroot, sesame, coriander, apple, dried rosehip, butter, chlorella powder and coconut shavings. Invention provides the preparation of cereal bars intended to feed workers working with mercury and its inorganic compounds, which accelerate the removal of mercury compounds and its inorganic compounds from the body.
Safety assessment of gas lines crossings under railways
Authors: Permyakov V N , Martynovich V L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article provides an assessment of safety of train passengers when implementing accident scenarios related to depressurization of main gas line at a railway crossing. The analysis of the assessment results for the number of victims including those killed among train passengers obtained by the methodology in the industry regulatory documents has been made. This analysis of the assessment results for social risk of death of train passengers has revealed some sections of gas lines, which do not comply with the requirements of regulatory documents without additional safety measures. Some technical solutions have been proposed to reduce the risk of passenger death.
Assessment and potential levels of technosphere industrial safety
Authors: Filimonova L A , Skvortsova N K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article discusses approaches to assessing cause-effect relationships determining the causes of emergencies at the enterprise, including the identification of direct and indirect factors, the direction and intensity of emergencies at the enterprise using the methods (risk sessions) of hazard research. The article poses the classical problem of hazard identification based on methods (risk sessions) in a matrix format with subsequent decision-making based on identification results. The authors of the article provide justifications, conclusions and recommendations regarding the development and launch of measures to improve the efficiency and reliability of industrial safety systems at a hazardous production facility. The principal distinguishing feature of the research results are: the variability of the managerial decision on the corresponding challenge of the industrial safety system of a particular facility and the security of the region in which the subject operates; “Ideal” solution to the potential problem of loss of efficiency and reliability of industrial safety systems at a hazardous production facility.
Expert-statistical approach to the analysis of geotechnical risks in the construction of metro facilities
Authors: Potapova E V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Risk issues in metro construction should be discussed at the planning and design stages, along with issues of safety, efficiency of technological solutions and reliability. Problems that arise during the construction of an underground facility lead to an increase in time and cost. In the worst case - to the development of various scenarios of emergency situations. These problems are caused mainly by insufficient attention to geotechnical risk management. The effectiveness of this process is related to the quality of risk identification, understanding of the mechanism for developing a risk situation, and the degree of reliability of the risk assessment results. The article presents the results of identification of some geotechnical risks in metro projects in conjunction with risk-forming factors and consequences of their occurrence. A methodic for geotechnical risks assessing, based on an expert-statistical approach is presented, and theoretical generalization is given for individual components of the methodic. The form of information-analytical archive of risks is given. A veracity criteria for the risk assessment is presented. Further development of the approach will allow more reasonable geotechnical risks assessment for decision-making and selecting a program of measures to exclude and minimize the occurrence of risk situations.
Technogenic impact of the heat and power plant on the environment and the development of environmental engineering measures
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Sazonova S A , Kulneva V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article studies the waste generated during the operation of the heat and power plant, an energy facility. The analysis of atmospheric pollution by emissions of the Voronezh HPP-1, which uses coal as the main fuel, was carried out. A comparison is made with a thermal power plant using gas as a fuel source. The maximum allowable emission standards for pollutants generated during the use of coal were established and the excess of the MPC value by various types of emissions was shown: dioxide and nitric oxide; fuel oil and NO2+SO2 ash; sulfurous anhydride and carbon monoxide; soot and coal ash. The size of the Sanitary Protection Zone of HPP-1 was determined. Measures aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of energy facilities such as combined heat and power plants are proposed.
Determination of the flotation effectiveness of industrial waste water in a laboratory
Authors: Dyagelev M Y , Nepogodin A M , Grakhova E V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents the test results of the laboratory flotation equipment LFM–001 for the treatment of simulated wastewater with a high content of oil products and surfactants. To obtain a water–air mixture, tap water with a volume of up to 40 dm3 was used, through which air was passed, with a volume till 5% of the water volume. The size of the resulting bubbles was determined by the pressure established in the aeration tank before the tests and by the flow rate of the air-water mixture in the flotation machine. After a series of tests, in series where a water–air mixture was added to laboratory containers with simulated wastewater, oil particles formed flakes in the presence of a coagulant. These flakes, together with air bubbles of the air–water mixture, floated to the surface of the container and formed a foamed, oily layer 5 mm thick. At the same time, the water in the laboratory vessel, after passing the air–water mixture became more transparent visually than water in other laboratory vessels.
On the choice of the water treatment technology for rural areas
Authors: Pchelnikov I V , Fedotov R V , Breus S A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most water supply systems in rural areas of the Russian Federation were built in the last century. At the same time, no more than 18% of consumers of small settlements are provided with drinking-quality water. The rest of the population living in rural areas has to use untreated underground and surface water which does not meet sanitary-chemical (40.3%) and microbiological (35.5%) indicators. Most of such water supply sources are exposed to anthropogenic and technological environmental impact with varying degrees of intensity. Intensive deterioration in the natural waters quality, the absence of water purification and waste water treatment plants in rural settlements and villages significantly increases the risk of emergency situations occurrence associated with mass infection of the population with waterborne pathogens. One of the ways to provide the villagers with high-quality drinking water is through modular water treatment plants of various capacities. This work presents the first part of development research of the water treatment and disinfection technology carried out in laboratory conditions. The proposed technology allows treatment of natural water to the SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 quality without use of imported reagents and the permanent presence of maintenance staff.
Liquid and gas flow in the sewer network in the city of Perm
Authors: Ruchkinova O I , Karelina K A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article describes the reasons for the formation of odors near the drainage system. The data on monitoring the section of the main unloading sewer in the city of Perm are presented. During the monitoring period, the samples of wastewater, atmospheric air quality have been taken, directly at the very point and at the border of the established sanitary protection zone (hereinafter referred to as the SPZ) or at the border of the nearest residential development (more than 30 m from the research point); in some points, the volume of the gas-air medium and the speed of gas movement in the sewer have been measured. Based on the studies carried out, the network parameters influencing the direction of gas movement have been determined. The calculation of the gaseous medium in the gravity reservoir under the influence of the entraining ability of the liquid and natural draft has been carried out. A gravity section has been taken for the calculation, located after the pressure head with the greatest length. Based on the results of the calculations, proposals are presented to change the direction of the gas-air medium, along with the direction of the wastewater flow.
Numerical studies of turbulent premixed flame interaction with repeated solid obstacles
Authors: Elshimy M , Ibrahim S , Malalasekera W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents numerical simulations of hydrogen and propane turbulent premixed flames interaction with repeated solid obstructions. The laboratory-scale combustion chamber used in this study is equipped with three solid baffles which promote the generation of turbulence and a square obstacle located downstream from the ignition source. The test cases considered have two different area blockage ratios (ABR) of 24% and 50%, respectively. The large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence modelling technique is used. The numerical simulations are carried out using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Two different flow configurations are examined, both using three consecutive baffles to identify the subsequent effects and the sensitivity of each fuel to increasing the ABR. These effects are studied using the nature of the flame-obstacles interaction, generated combustion overpressure and resultant flame speed. The modelling capability is confirmed by validating the numerical results against published experimental data. Conclusions are drawn that increasing the ABR increases the combustion overpressure, rate of pressure rise and flame speed. It is also concluded that the larger obstacle has a significant effect on the propagating flame structure and that hydrogen flames are more sensitive to an increased ABR and produce a significantly higher peak overpressure.
Pre-Cracking techniques of polymeric materials: an overview
Authors: Kamal A , Elsheikh AH , Showaib E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In fracture toughness tests, a number of notched specimens with identical artificial pre-cracks are essential to obtain accurate fracture parameters. The test results are critically depending on the initiation stage quality. Any slight variance in pre-cracks front shape, length and orientation could significantly affects the test results; therefore, producing identical pre-cracks is a critical issue to obtain accurate results. The pre-cracking technique should be selected carefully to fulfil controllably and repeatability requirements of the standard pre-cracks for a certain material while preserving the induced residual stresses at the crack tip at a minimal value. The notching and pre-cracking standards for metallic material have been well specified in ASTM E399. However, the case is more cumbersome for polymeric materials due their viscoelastic nature. ASTM D5045, ISO 13586:2000 and ASTM D6068 specified different procedures to prepare a sharp pre-crack for polymeric materials. Many pre-cracking techniques have been proposed in literature. The present work introduces an overview of the pre-cracking techniques for polymeric materials.
Effect of applying lean maintenance in oil and gas fields
Authors: Hassan M Nasr , Barakat A F , Sobh A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oil and Gas Sector are facing a huge increase and delay in Operations & Maintenance tasks for all facilities beside continuous demand from management to improve the productivity of wells and the efficiency of facilities. The top management decides to use Lean Maintenance as a new tool, technique and methodology to improve and modify the current operations, production and maintenance systems as done before by many researchers in the oil and gas sector. This improvement will be done through three real case studies by integrating Building Information Modelling with lean concepts, monitoring Key Performance Indicators within a modern Computerized Maintenance Management Software and finally using some LM tools such as Total Productive Maintenance, Value Stream Mapping and 5S Methodology to increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of the output production and services. The results of implementation since July 2017 till June 2018 show average increase in crude oil production by 6.72% per day in addition to overcome natural decline of oil wells, reduced Technician’s total Preventive Maintenance tasks by 52.63% and transfer the less difficult inspections to Operator to be responsible for making checks to all parameters of all equipment and to enable Technicians to perform other maintenance tasks, Saving about $724,770 in Water Injection Pumps Operation’s Expense. Last but not least, accelerate the workflow of production and maintenance processes by 28% compared with the previous financial year.
A new integrated product and process development model
Authors: Ayman A , Alhamaki A B , Abdellatif M H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Currently, the demand for more robust, economic, and quality products has increased the complexity in the integrated process development and product design model. In the knowledge economy century, all nations are competing to innovate new technologies to develop a new system that produces goods in less time and cost with compatible quality. Hence, a new IPPD model is needed to offer support and information/technology sharing during the entire product life cycle. The new IPPD model proposed that integrate all domains shall affect the product development. The model has a friendly computerized interface supported with internet enablers that offer support to the user to collect and share data easily. This model contains 6 domains. The Business Environment is the first domain, which analyzing the pre-feasibility of the product creation. The second domain is the market analysis and segmentation taking into consideration customer needs and competition. Managerial readiness of the product developing company is the third domain, including all managerial functions and the necessity of implementing the organizational change techniques if necessary. The fourth domain is Technological creation and deals with product concepts and robust quality design. Production/Launch is the fifth domain which consists of production processes and quality techniques to assure producing with the required quality and price levels. Finally, the sixth domain deals with the vital information of product distribution, maintenance and after-market service. The model is easily adapted to the industry need.
Degradable calcium deficient hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-glycolic acid copolymer) bilayer scaffold through integral molding 3D printing for bone defect repair
Authors: Wu Ning , Liu Jia , Ma Weibo , Dong Xian , Wang Feng , Yang Dicheng , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel method was developed for calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffold 3D printing, through which a bilayer scaffold was fabricated by the integral molding of individual CDHA and poly(lactic-glycolic acid copolymer) (PLGA). The hydration reaction of α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was utilized to form CDHA, and a mixed solution of gelatin, glycerine and glutaraldehyde was applied as the dispersant and adhesive. The concentration of the glutaraldehyde (1‰(v/v)) and the mixing ratio of α-TCP (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g ml−1) were studied with regard to the effect on the forming ability of the CDHA ink. The influence of α-TCP proportion (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g ml−1) on the formation of CDHA was also researched in phase analysis, morphology and compressive strength measurements. The CDHA/PLGA bilayer scaffold was fabricated with a good combination of the two components by 3D printing. The
in vitro
degradation, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation behavior were studied. Meanwhile, the
in-vivo
performances in terms of surgical safety, biodegradation and osteogenic capacity were investigated with a cortical bone defect model in a rabbit femur. The results showed that the CDHA/PLGA bilayer scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. The scaffolds were successfully implanted and presented remarkable osteogenic capacity within 6 months through analyses in radiography and histology. In conclusion, the method has a potential clinical application in diverse bone repair practices by varied 3D-printing fabrication.
Effect of electric-double layer on the blood flow in glycocalyx layered tubes: applications to drug delivery in microvessels
Authors: Shaw Sachin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Role of endothelium glycocalyx integraty is important for targeted intravenous nanoparticle drug delivery. It plays a vital role in many physical functions in microvessel including protection of the vessel wall with harmful levels of fluid shear. Hence, understanding the impact of the glycocalyx layer is important to develop of human medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. By experiment it observed that the glycocalyx layer embraces negative charges in the electric-double layer which interacting with plasma phase (treated as an electrolyte) adjoin to the microvessel wall and induces various mechanical and electrochemical phenomena at the interfacial layer. A two fluid model is considered to define the nature of the blood flow. The electrochemical characteristics of the glycocalyx layer are defined by Gouy–Chapman theory. The Navier–Stokes equation related to the blood flow and Poisson equation related to the charge density are solve analytically and represent in the form of Bessel function and hyper-geometric function. The charge effect of glycocalyx layer on the blood flow due to permeability of the wall, conditions at the interface of the clear and peripheral region, boundary condition at the wall mainly slip or no-slip condition and the rheology of blood are discussed and displays through graphs. The behavior of the glycocalyx layer which plays a vital role in the cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, are discussed under the influence of different parameters. It will give more brief idea on the electrochemical nature and electrokinetic effect of the glycocalyx layer.
Analytical optimization of piezoelectric acoustic power transfer systems
Authors: Freychet O , Frassati F , Boisseau S , Garraud N , Gasnier P , Despesse G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acoustic power transfer and communication through metal layers is of great interest in many applications where the integrity of metal boxes, tanks, pipes or walls must be preserved by avoiding through-hole electrical connections. While acoustic power transfer has been widely studied last decades, the optimization of such systems has not been assessed comprehensively regarding the choice of transducers’ dimensions and materials and the impact of the wall characteristic acoustic impedance. This paper stands at answering these optimization issues, using a new implementation of an analytical model and two figures of merit to evaluate performances: the power transfer efficiency and a new figure of merit, the normalized transmitted power, a crucial characteristic for electronics implementation. Among other results, we disprove the commonly used design rule stating that equalizing the characteristic acoustic impedance of wall and transducers is the best option. We propose a method to quantify the impact of acoustic impedance mismatches on performances and show that intermediary layers sized with our optimization process can solve these acoustic impedance issues, resulting in an important gain in the transmitted power (multiplied by 40 in our example) and opening up great opportunities for the acoustic power transfer technology.
Endemic Population Response to Increasingly Severe Fire: A Cascade of Endangerment for the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel
Authors: Merrick Melissa J , Morandini Marina , Greer Vicki L , Koprowski John L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drought, past fire suppression, insect invasion, and high-severity fire represent a disturbance cascade characteristic of forests in the western United States. The result is altered forest ecosystems diminished in their function and capacity to support biodiversity. Small habitat specialists are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of disturbances because of their limited movement capacity and high site fidelity. Research suggests that small mammals suffer limited direct mortality from fire but are increasingly vulnerable to local extirpation because of secondary impacts that include habitat loss and reduced food availability, survival, and reproduction. We examine the direct and secondary impacts of increasingly severe fire events on the endangered Mt. Graham red squirrel—a model system to demonstrate how disturbances can threaten the persistence of range-limited species. We document survival, space use, and displacement prior to and following fires and discuss implications for conservation. We suggest that management plans address future threats, including disturbance-related habitat loss.
Deploying authentication in the wild: towards greater ecological validity in security usability studies
Authors: Aebischer Seb , Dettoni Claudio , Jenkinson Graeme , Krol Kat , Llewellyn-Jones David , Masui Toshiyuki , Stajano Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pico is a token-based login method that claims to be simultaneously more usable and more secure than passwords. It does not ask users to remember any secrets, nor to type one-time passwords. We evaluate Pico’s claim with two deployments and user studies, one on a web-based service and another within an organization. Our main aim is to collect actionable intelligence on how to improve the usability and deployability of Pico. In our first study we team up with an established website, Gyazo, to offer this alternative login mechanism to users intent on performing a real task of image sharing. From the lessons of this first study, we retarget Pico’s focus from replacing web passwords to replacing desktop login passwords; and thus in our second study we engage with a government organization, Innovate UK, to offer employees the ability to lock and unlock their computer automatically based on proximity. We focus particularly on the ecological validity of the trials and we thereby gain valuable insights into the viability of Pico, not only through the actual responses from the participants but also through the many practical challenges we had to face and overcome. Reflecting on the bigger picture, from our experience we believe the security usability community would greatly benefit from pushing towards greater ecological validity in published work, despite the considerable difficulties and costs involved.