bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bugs and drugs: a systems biology approach to characterising the effect of moxidectin on the horse’s faecal microbiome
Authors: Daniels S. P. , Leng J. , Swann J. R. , Proudman C. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnthelmintic treatment is a risk factor for intestinal disease in the horse, known as colic. However the mechanisms involved in the onset of disease post anthelmintic treatment are unknown. The interaction between anthelmintic drugs and the gut microbiota may be associated with this observed increase in risk of colic. Little is known about the interaction between gut microbiota and anthelmintics and how treatment may alter microbiome function. The objectives of this study were: To characterise (1) faecal microbiota, (2) feed fermentation kinetics in vitro and (3) metabolic profiles following moxidectin administration to horses with very low (0 epg) adult strongyle burdens. Hypothesis: Moxidectin will not alter (1) faecal microbiota, (2) feed fermentation in vitro, or, (3) host metabolome.ResultsMoxidectin increased the relative abundance ofDeferribacterspp. andSpirochaetesspp.observed after 160 h in moxidectin treated horses. Reduced in vitro fibre fermentation was observed 16 h following moxidectin administration in vivo (P = 0.001), along with lower pH in the in vitro fermentations from the moxidectin treated group. Metabolic profiles from urine samples did not differ between the treatment groups. However metabolic profiles from in vitro fermentations differed between moxidectin and control groups 16 h after treatment (R2 = 0.69, Q2Y = 0.48), and within the moxidectin group between 16 h and 160 h post moxidectin treatment (R2 = 0.79, Q2Y = 0.77). Metabolic profiles from in vitro fermentations and fermentation kinetics both indicated altered carbohydrate metabolism following in vivo treatment with moxidectin.ConclusionsThese data suggest that in horses with low parasite burdens moxidectin had a small but measurable effect on both the community structure and the function of the gut microbiome.
Understanding how city networks are leveraging climate action: experimentation through C40
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong , Davidson Kathryn , Coenen Lars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change is one of the most challenging environmental and social problems for contemporary urban planning. In response to this phenomenon, city networks have emerged as new configurations of urban climate governance that encourage the implementation of experiments such as testing new solutions regarding sustainable transport. While city networks are gaining momentum and influence as effective platforms to transform and scale up pilot experiments into city-wide schemes, little is known regarding their role in conditioning and leveraging such urban experiments Our paper investigates the underexplored nature of urban experiments within city networks and provides a better understanding of how these networks condition urban experiments. To this end an analytical model has been developed and applied to the case of the C40 Climate Leadership Group (C40) and itsClimate Positive Development Good Practice Guide.Our findings suggest that the C40 encourages variation in local climate experiments and the generation of new and innovative climate solutions in member cities. In particular they reveal that the implementation of climate positive experiments has passed the ‘variation’ stage, is currently in the ‘selection’ stage, and likely to move towards the ‘retention’ stage in the near future. Potential experimentation outputs of the case are identified as built environment change, new citizen practices, policy change, infrastructural change and new technology. Noticeably, we consider that the C40 plays an important role in providing fundamental institutional support to implement and leverage climate projects within its member cities.
Evaluating the CYP-IAPT transformation of child and adolescent mental health services in Cambridgeshire, UK: a qualitative implementation study
Authors: Burn Anne-Marie , Vainre Maris , Humphrey Ayla , Howarth Emma 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The Children and Young People’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP-IAPT) programme was introduced to transform Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across England. The programme comprised a set of principles that local CAMHS partnerships were expected to operationalise and embed with the aim of increasing access to services and improving the quality of care. This study explored how the implementation of the CYP-IAPT programme was executed and experienced by CAMHS professionals in the county of Cambridgeshire (UK), and the extent to which the CYP-IAPT principles were perceived to be successfully embedded into everyday practice.

Methods
We analysed 275 documents relating to the CYP-IAPT programme issued between 2011 and 2015. We also conducted a thematic analysis of 20 qualitative interviews, undertaken at two time points, with professionals from three CAMHS teams in Cambridgeshire. Analysis was informed by implementation science frameworks.

Results
Document analysis suggested that the CYP-IAPT programme was initially not clearly defined and lacked guidance on how to operationalise key programme principles and apply them in everyday practice. There was also a degree of programme evolution over time, which made it difficult for local stakeholders to understand the scope and aims of CYP-IAPT. Interviews with staff showed low coherent understanding of the programme, variable levels of investment among stakeholders and difficulties in collaborative working. Barriers and facilitators to programme implementation were identified at individual, service and strategic levels. These in turn impacted the local implementation efforts and sustainability of the programme in Cambridgeshire.

Conclusions
We identified factors relating to programme design and national and local implementation planning, as well as features of inner and outer context, which impacted on the delivery and sustainability of the programme. These findings can be drawn upon to inform the development and delivery of other local and national quality improvement (QI) initiatives relating to children and young people’s mental health.
Intelligent random noise modeling by the improved variational autoencoding method and its application to data augmentation
Authors: Feng Qiankun , Li Yue , Wang Hongzhou 
Published: October 2020

Deep-learning methods facilitate the development of seismic data processing methods; however, they also offer some challenges. The primary challenges are the lack of labeled samples for training, due to heterogeneity in seismic data, expensive acquisition apparatus, and data confidentiality. These problems limit the acquisition of high-quality training data. To solve this problem, we have developed variational autoencoding (VAE) to generate synthetic noise for data augmentation; however, the simplified Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance definition and parameter learning result in the outputs of the original VAE being blurry. To optimize VAE for simulating random desert noise and improve its simulation capability, here we have developed an improved VAE based on KL redefinition and learning parameter replacement. Specifically, we (1) build a training set containing desert random noise samples, (2) redefine the KL distance calculated between two Gaussian mixture densities (rather than two simple Gaussians) because the KL distance plays an important role in the learning accuracy of VAE, and (3) use [Formula: see text] rather than [Formula: see text] to improve the learning efficiency. Statistical analysis indicates that the simulated random noise is statistically indistinguishable from real noise, indicating that our improved VAE is suitable for noise modeling. We also trained a denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) using the simulated noise. Data augmentation conducted using the simulated noise improved the effect of DnCNN, proving that our method contributes to data augmentation.
Genesis of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas reservoirs in the Western Qaidam Basin
Authors: Tian Jixian , Li Jian , Kong Hua , Zeng Xu , Wang Xiaobo , Dong Li , Guo Zeqing 
Published: October 2020

In recent years, gas reservoirs containing high levels of hydrogen sulfide have been found in salinized lacustrine carbonate rocks in the upper member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation (E32) in the Yingxiongling area of the western Qaidam Basin. This poses great safety risks to drilling and development. To clarify the genetic mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide, we have analyzed the geochemical characteristics and sulfur isotopes of natural gas and predicted the distribution of hydrogen sulfide. The results show that (1) natural gas in the Yingxiongling area is dominated by wet gas, with relatively high nonhydrocarbon content. The gas is E32oil-type gas in a mature stage. (2) Hydrogen sulfide in natural gas reservoirs is less likely to originate from biological and volcanic geneses, and it is primarily a product of thermochemical sulfate reduction. The high-quality Oligocene source rocks distributed across a large area, the saline-deposit formations widely distributed in the western Qaidam Basin, and the high geothermal gradients and large numbers of developed pore-type reservoirs, all combine to provide favorable conditions for the formation of hydrogen sulfide reservoirs. (3) During the E32 deposition period, rock salt developed in the center of the lake basin, the sealing conditions for oil and gas were favorable, and the formation temperature was high during the reservoir formation period. Development of subsalt porous reservoirs is conducive to enrichment of hydrogen sulfide, and comprehensive prediction indicates that the subsalt formation in the Central Yingxiongling-Ganchaigou area is an enrichment zone for hydrogen sulfide. The research results are of considerable significance for the exploration and deployment, and the production safety, of hydrogen sulfide-containing reservoirs.
Developing a Community for Patients With Cancer Through Longer-Term Art Therapy
Authors: Brondfield Sam , Bochatay Naike , Perlis Cynthia 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE: Art therapy (AT) improves quality of life and symptoms in patients with cancer. However, previous studies that have demonstrated these effects focused on time-limited interventions. The benefits of longer-term AT interventions for patients with cancer remain unexplored. We aimed to delineate the benefits of one such intervention for patients with cancer. METHODS: The Art for Recovery open art studio (OAS) is a weekly experience that provides patients the opportunity to express themselves through art and discussion. In April 2019, we sent a cross-sectional survey with closed- and open-ended components to all patients attending the OAS. We analyzed the closed-ended results using descriptive statistics and the open-ended results using directed content analysis through the theoretical framework of community-based development (CBD). RESULTS: The response rate was 82% (18 of 22 patients). The median duration of OAS attendance was 2 years, and the median frequency of attendance was three times per month. All respondents found the OAS very helpful, and 17 (94%) of 18 believed that the friendships they had made were very valuable. Directed content analysis revealed three themes: togetherness, active engagement, and familiar surroundings. These themes and our closed-ended results aligned well with the CBD framework. CONCLUSION: Longer-term AT experiences may provide benefits, such as community development, that briefer interventions lack. Medical centers should consider providing longer-term AT experiences for patients with cancer to give them access to these benefits.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy for Remission of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Castellana Marco , Procino Filippo , Biacchi Elisa , Zupo Roberta , Lampignano Luisa , Castellana Fabio , Sardone Rodolfo , Palermo Andrea , Cesareo Roberto , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Giannelli Gianluigi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the bariatric procedures most commonly used for the management of obesity. Whether one or the other is associated with a higher chance of remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear.

Objective
This work aims to compare the efficacy of RYGB and SG for T2D remission at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery.

Data Sources
Four databases were searched until January 2020.

Study Selection
Randomized controlled studies with at least 12 months of follow-up of patients with T2D allocated to RYGB or SG were selected.

Data Extraction
To ensure uniformity, broad and narrow criteria for T2D remission were defined. The number of patients achieving remission of T2D at each assessment was extracted. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Data Synthesis
Ten studies were included, evaluating 778 patients. The overall prevalence of achievement of broad and narrow criteria for T2D remission was 73% and 53% at the 1-year, 60% and 48% at the 3-year, and 51% and 43% at the 5-year assessment. Compared to SG, RYGB was associated with a higher chance of achieving broad and narrow criteria for remission at 1 year after surgery (risk ratio [RR] = 1.34 vs RR = 1.22) and broad criteria for remission at 5 years (RR = 1.18). No other differences were found.

Conclusions
The present meta-analysis suggests a more favorable effect of RYGB than SG on achieving T2D remission in the short-term only, although the evidence currently available does not clarify whether differences in this outcome are confirmed long term or fade thereafter.
Time-of-day and Meal Size Effects on Clinical Lipid Markers
Authors: Grant Leilah K , Czeisler Charles A , Lockley Steven W , Rahman Shadab A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease are common in shift workers and eating at night may contribute to this pathophysiology.

Objective
To examine the effects of eating at different times of day on lipid profiles.

Design
Two 24-hour baseline days with 8 hours of sleep, 3 meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and a snack, followed by a 40-hour constant routine (CR) with hourly isocaloric meals.

Setting
Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Participants
Twenty-one healthy adults [23.4 ± 2.7 years, 5F]

Intervention
Forty-hour CR.

Main Outcome Measures
A standard clinical lipid panel, consisting of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was assayed in blood samples collected 4-hourly across ~4 days.

Results
When participants ate at night, levels of TG were similar to eating during the day, however, these levels at night were reached with consuming approximately half the calories. Additionally, 24-hour levels of TG were 10% higher when meals were consumed hourly across 24 hours compared to consuming a typical 3-meal schedule while awake during the day and sleeping at night. The endogenous circadian rhythms of TG, which peaked at night, were shifted earlier by ~10 hours under baseline conditions, whereas the rhythms in total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C remained unchanged and peaked in the afternoon.

Conclusions
The time-of-day dependency on postprandial lipid metabolism, which leads to hypersensitivity in TG responses when eating at night, may underlie the dyslipidemia and elevated cardiovascular disease risk observed in shift workers.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Harasymiw Lauren A , Grosse Scott D , Sarafoglou Kyriakie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding risk for co-occurring mental health conditions among pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of medically managed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 2 large administrative samples of insured children and adolescents with and without CAH in the United States.MethodsWe assessed the prevalence of CAH and of medically managed ADHD using algorithms defined from diagnosis codes and filled prescriptions data using the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid claims databases. We evaluated subjects who were continuously enrolled for ≥ 12 months with a first claim during October 2015 through December 2017 when they were 5 to 18 years old.ResultsThe administrative prevalence of CAH in the Commercial (N = 3 685 127) and Medicaid (N = 3 434 472) samples was 10.1 per 100 000 (n = 372) and 7.2 per 100 000 (n = 247), respectively. The prevalence of medically managed ADHD in the non-CAH population was 8.4% in the Commercial sample and 15.1% in the Medicaid sample. Among children with CAH, there was no increased prevalence of ADHD in the Commercial (9.2%, prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.54; P = 0.48) or Medicaid (13.8%; PR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.67–1.24; P = 0.55) samples compared with the general population.ConclusionsUsing 2 large samples of insured children and adolescents in the United States, we found similar prevalence of medically managed ADHD among those with CAH and the general population. Future research to assess the validity of our claims algorithm for identifying pediatric CAH cases is warranted.
Συσχέτιση της αυτονομίας των φοιτητών με την αναβλητικότητα και την ικανοποίηση που λαμβάνουν από τις σπουδές τους. Μελέτη περίπτωσης σε μεταπτυχιακούς φοιτητές του ΕΑΠ
Authors: Foutzopoulou Maria , Μαυροειδής Ηλίας 
Published: October 2020

Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά την αυτονομία, την αναβλητικότητα και την ικανοποίηση των μεταπτυχιακών φοιτητών του Ελληνικού Ανοικτού Πανεπιστημίου (ΕΑΠ) κατά τη διάρκεια των σπουδών τους. Πρόκειται για έννοιες που, όπως αναδεικνύει η βιβλιογραφία, απασχολούν έντονα τους ερευνητές του χώρου της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης (εξΑΕ). Η έρευνα διεξήχθη τον Φεβρουάριο του 2017 και το δείγμα αποτελείται από 120 μεταπτυχιακούς φοιτητές του ΕΑΠ. Για την καλύτερη στάθμιση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων επιλέχθηκε ο συνδυασμός της ποσοτικής προσέγγισης με ερωτήσεις ανοιχτού τύπου. Καταρχάς, ο βαθμός της αυτονομίας των φοιτητών είναι αρκετά υψηλός, ενώ προκύπτει επίσης ότι οι φοιτητές είναι μέτρια αναβλητικοί. Δεν βρέθηκαν συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των εννοιών της αυτονομίας, της αναβλητικότητας και της ικανοποίησης. Προέκυψαν, ωστόσο, συσχετίσεις των δεικτών αυτών με δημογραφικά στοιχεία. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διαπιστώνεται ότι η συσχέτιση μεταξύ των δεικτών αυτονομίας και ικανοποίησης είναι μικρή αρνητική για τις γυναίκες, οι οποίες παρουσιάζονται λιγότερο αναβλητικές από τους άνδρες. Επιπλέον, φαίνεται ότι όσοι διαθέτουν προηγούμενη εμπειρία στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση, παρουσιάζουν μικρότερη ακαδημαϊκή και συνολική αναβλητικότητα. Περαιτέρω, όσοι έχουν σκεφτεί να εγκαταλείψουν τις σπουδές τους αισθάνονται λιγότερη ικανοποίηση από αυτές και παρουσιάζουν μικρή προς μέτρια θετική συσχέτιση μεταξύ αναβλητικότητας και ικανοποίησης, σε αντίθεση με όσους δεν έχουν σκεφτεί την εγκατάλειψη των σπουδών τους, στους οποίους η συσχέτιση είναι μικρή αρνητική. Τέλος, διαπιστώνεται ότι όσοι έχουν βιώσει αποτυχία σε θεματική ενότητα (ΘΕ) έχουν υψηλότερη αναβλητικότητα.
Τα MOOCs ως Πολύπλοκο Σύστημα: Πρόταση Ενός Υβριδικού Μοντέλου Στηριζόμενο στην Αρχή της Διαθεματικότητας / ΜΟΟCs as a Complex System: Α proposal of a Hybrid Model Based on the Principle of Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Κουβαρά Θεοδώρα , Καραχρήστος Χριστόφορος , Ορφανουδάκης Θεοφάνης , Σταυρόπουλος Ηλίας 
Published: October 2020

Τα πρώτα Μαζικά Ανοικτά Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα (Massive Open Online Courses - MOOCs) ήταν εδραιωμένα στη θεωρία του Κονεκτιβισμού. Στόχος ήταν η μάθηση να παρέχεται μέσα από μια διαδικασία αλλεπάλληλης δικτύωσης και αλληλεπίδρασης των συμμετεχόντων σε διαφορετικά σημεία στο διαδίκτυο. Ωστόσο, αν και ο παιδαγωγικός σχεδιασμός των πρώτων MOOCs κρίνεται έως σήμερα από πολλούς ερευνητές καταλληλότερος, στην πορεία, παρατηρήθηκε στροφή προς την υιοθέτηση MOOCs βάσει πιο παραδοσιακών μεθόδων. Ο λόγος είναι πως η ανοιχτότερη και πιο ελεύθερη φύση των πρώτων MOOCs δημιουργούσε εμπόδια στην εφαρμογή της αξιολόγησης. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι μια ανασκόπηση των υβριδικών μοντέλων MOOC και η εισήγηση ενός νέου υβριδικού μοντέλου MOOC το οποίο θα συνδυάζει την υψηλή ποιότητα αξιολόγησης με τις βασικές παιδαγωγικές ιδιότητες των πρώτων MOOCs. Πρόκειται για μία εναλλακτική θεώρηση του Κονεκτιβισμού, εδραιωμένη στην Θεωρία του Χάους από την οποία και γεννήθηκε το συγκεκριμένο ρεύμα. Το προτεινόμενο μοντέλο προβάλλει το MOOC ως πολύπλοκο σύστημα, εισάγοντας τη διαθεματικότητα ως στοιχείο που προωθεί τη διάδραση, την αυτονομία, τη διασύνδεση και την ανοιχτότητα, συμβάλλοντας τοιουτοτρόπως στην ανάδυση ιδεών και στην παραγωγή της γνώσης μέσα από μη γραμμικές ακολουθίες. Στόχος είναι να χαράξει πολλά και διαφορετικά μονοπάτια μάθησης, παρέχοντας τη δυνατότητα στον κάθε συμμετέχοντα να πραγματοποιεί και να θέτει διαφορετικούς στόχους και κίνητρα, χωρίς να υποβαθμίζεται η διαδικασία της αξιολόγησης.The first Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were premised upon the theory of Connectivism. The aim was to provide learning through a process of successive networking and interaction of participants at different points on the internet. However, although the pedagogical design of the first MOOCs is still considered by many researchers to be more appropriate, over time, there has been a shift towards adopting MOOCs based on more traditional methods. The reason is that the more open and free nature of the first MOOCs created obstacles in the implementation of the evaluation. The purpose of this study is to review the MOOC hybrid models and to propose a new MOOC hybrid model that will combine the high quality of evaluation with the basic pedagogical properties of the first MOOCs. It is an alternative view of Connectivism, based on Chaos Theory from which this current model was born. The proposed model promotes MOOC as a complex system, introducing interdisciplinarity as an element that promotes interaction, autonomy, interconnection, and openness, thus contributing to the emergence of ideas and the production of knowledge through non-linear sequences. The goal is to chart many different learning paths, enabling each participant to achieve and set different goals and motives without degrading the assessment process.