bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Health Risks Due to Fish Consumption from Nile River at Beni-Suef-Governorate- Egypt
Authors: Mabrook Fatma , Nassar Hossam F. , Hamouda Asmaa S. , Mahmoud Hamada M. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The present study aimed to determine the growth indices of the Nile Tilapia, detected levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr in muscles of Tilapia and expected the potential adverse human health risks according to USEPA methodologies.
Study Design: The design of the study depended on the determination of the impact of the drainage waste water on the fish quality, ecosystem health and human health.
Place and Duration of the Study: the study investigated five sampling sites, two sites in the Torrent drainage channel and three sites on the Nile River during winter and summer seasons of 2014-2015 at Beni-Suef governorate in Egypt.
Methodology: Fish tissue samples were dried at 105°C for 6 hours, burned in a muffle furnace for 6 hours at 550°C, acid-digested, and diluted with deionized water to known volume using the dry-ashing procedure. All the digested samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Model 2380). Analytical blanks were run in the same way as the samples, and standard solutions were prepared in the same acid matrix.
Results: Metals were found to accumulate in fish muscles at the following order Zn> Cu> Cr> Pb. Levels of Zn and Pb exceeded the permissible limits of the world health organization (WHO) especially during summer season. The calculated hazard quotients for all the detected metals did not pose unacceptable risks at both consumption rates, but the excessive and continuous consumption of fish from the current sampling sites could induce cancer for habitual consumers.
Conclusion: The present study could be considered as a beginning for further investigations for the health status of Nile River aquatic ecosystems and human populations feeding on fish produced from the study area.
Comparative Morphometry of the Genus Thais from Nembe, Bakana and Calabar
Authors: Itolima Precious , Ugbomeh A. P. , Onwuteaka J. N. 
Published: November 2019

Aim: Morphometry of Thais spp found in the Niger Delta Mangrove vegetation of Bakana, Calabar and Nembe were examined and compared.
Study Design: The study is a cross-sectional observational study
Place and Duration of Study: The study ws carried out in Bakana, Calabar and Nembe during a period of six months(January to June, 2018).
Methodology: A total of 600 specimens (100 specimens per month) were collected during a period of six months (January to June 2018) from the three sampling communities. Three different species were identified namely: Thais coronata, Thais haemastoma and Thais lacera. Shell dimensions were measured to the nearest millimeter using Vernier calipers and weighed, to get the morphometric Characteristics: Whorl Diameter (WD), Shell length (SL), Shell width (SW), Body whorl length (BWL), Aperture length (AL), Aperture Width (AW) Shell Breadth (SB), and Animal Weight (AW). Number of whorls, number of primary spiral cord on the body and number of ridges or teeth inside of outer tip of the aperture were counted.
Results: The disparity between the morphometric traits across the different species identified were minimal as most of the species had similar values of morphometric traits. However, differences can be identified using their colour; thais coronata (dirty light grey), T haemastoma (light grey), and T lacera (plane grey). The Three (3) species had a modal length class of 3.5cm to 4.5cm. Thais coronata and Thais lacera had a modal weight class of 9-11grams while Thais haemastoma had a modal weight class of 6-7grams. It was observed with the aid of length/weight relationship that the found in all study.
Conclusion: It was observed with the aid of length/weight relationship that the Thais specimen found in all study locations exhibited a very weak linear relationship with very low R2 values across locations. The exponent b of Thais coronata and Thais haemastoma and T. lacera across the three study locations indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The Month of April for samples collected from Nembe had the highest condition factor for the three (3) species. T. coronata (4.4), T. lacera (6.38) and T haemastoma (5.5).
Nutritional Quality Differential, Growth and Economics Efficiency of Some Selected Commercial Floating Fish Feeds in Saki West Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Adedokun M. A. , Oluwafemi Z. O. , Ayanboye A. O. , Oladipupo G. 
Published: November 2019

Nothing is more important than quality nutrition and adequate feeding of fish in captivity. Undernourished fish in terms of nutrient deficiency, cannot maintain its health for proportionate growth regardless the intense of feeding and quality of the environment.
A 49 day-feeding trial was carried out to investigate nutritional quality differential, growth and economics efficiency of some sampled commercially extruded floating feeds, based on frequency of usage among fish farmers in the study area. The sample feeds were sourced from respective distributors covering the zone of study. The feeds were designated as Fd1, Fd2, Fd3, Fd4, Fd5 and Fd6(control), with 3 replicates for each treatment. The examined growth performance, feed utilization and economic efficiency of feeds followed particular trend pattern and significantly different (p<0.05) across the sampled feeds (FW, MWG, SGR, TPI, PER and FCR). Finally, the control diet was least consumed, sustained positive allometry growth pattern and concomitant marginal profits; than feed 1 and 2 which had sharp drops in the growth pattern of fish after four( 4) weeks.
Mycoflora, Proximate Composition and Mineral Analysis during the Storage of Smoked Dried Crayfish (Penaeus natialis - Shrimps)
Authors: Fagbohun Emmanuel Dayo , Durojaiye Ayobami Opeoluwa , Popoola Oluwabukola Atinuke 
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out to assess the changes in proximate composition, mineral content and mycoflora associated with smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) stored for twenty weeks. Smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) were purchased at Igbokoda, Ilaje Local Government Market, Ondo State, Nigeria. They were studied under storage for twenty weeks (6 months) and the proximate, mineral and mycofloral analyses were carried out at four weeks interval. The mycoflora were isolated using direct plating and dilution methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and identified using their cultural and morphological features with reference to standard procedures accordingly. The fungi isolated using direct plating methods and dilution methods were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates, Rhizopus sp., Phytophthora siskiyouensis, Penicillum sp. and Mucor sp. The proximate analysis result showed a decrease in Ash, fat, and crude fibre content while moisture, crude protein and carbohydrate content increased respectively during the twenty four weeks storage. The mineral analysis result of the smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) showed a decrease in Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Cadmium and Phosphorous respectively. This study showed that the smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) were contaminated by fungi; which is an indication that the market places where these products were displayed for sale were not hygienic coupled with leaving the products in open air without coverage which could allow products contamination with fungal spores leading to fungal spores germination, deterioration and spoilage of products during storage. Good hygiene, constant product checking and sensitization of the products processors, handlers and sellers will minimize exposure to fungal spores’ contamination while mitigating deterioration and spoilage of the products during storage.
Value Chain Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ilemobayo O. O. , Ijigbade J. O. 
Published: November 2019

To bridge the demand supply gap in the Nigerian fishing industry, the value chain analyses in artisanal fishing in the coastal area of Ondo States were investigated.
Primary data was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select four fishing communities in Ilaje local government, where 35 (fishermen, processors and marketers) were each selected randomly from the communities. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Gross Margin Analysis.
The socioeconomic characteristic indicated that 68.6% of the fishermen, 77.2% processors and 65.7% marketers were less than 50 years of age. Result revealed that all the fishermen were male, 91.2 % processors and 97.10% marketers were female. 62.9% of the fishermen have household greater than 4, the processors has 54.3% household size above 4 and 60% of the marketers have household size above 4. 94.3% of the fishermen have one form of education or the other, 77.1% of the processors have one form of education or the other and 65.7% of the marketers were also educated. All the marketers are into one association or the other. Budgeting analysis indicated positive margin by the two categories of marketers was ₦300.54 and ₦1,866.00 per basket respectively, a net return of 1.04 and 1.30 respectively. Processors had a positive gross margin of ₦43.871.54 and a net return of 1.12. Most influential actor is the marketer.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Real‐Time Monitoring of In Vitro Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity
Authors: Decataldo Francesco , Barbalinardo Marianna , Gentili Denis , Tessarolo Marta , Calienni Maria , Cavallini Massimiliano , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanomaterials are being widely used in medical applications and consumer products such as cosmetics, fabrics, and food packaging, although their impact on health and the environment is yet to be understood. Strategies enabling reliable and reproducible safety assessment of nanomaterials are needed because predicting their toxic effects is challenging as there is no simple correlation between their properties and the interaction with living systems. Here, the real‐time monitoring of toxic effects induced by nanoparticles on cells using organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is reported. Noteworthy, OECTs are able to assess the coating‐dependent toxicity of nanoparticles on both barrier and non‐barrier tissue cells and, moreover, to monitor the cell health status as a function of exposure time, allowing useful insight on the interaction processes between nanomaterials and cells. These results demonstrate that OECTs are effective devices for real‐time cell monitoring and in vitro assessment of nanomaterial toxicity.
Ligand‐Sharing‐Mediated Synthesis of Intermetallic FeM Clusters Embedded in Ultrathin γ‐Fe2O3 Nanosheets
Authors: Liu Rui , Chen Yanan , Zhao Huachao , Sun Jiefang , He Zuoliang , Shan Wanyu , Li Gang , Liu Jingfu , Jiang Guibin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrecious metal intermetallic nanoclusters (IMNCs) are promising nanocatalysts for practical industrial applications. However, to date, the preparation of these nanoclusters has been restricted to harsh conditions, and only succeeds for a limited number of elements. This study developed a simple and efficient strategy that enables the synthesis of supported IMNCs under ambient conditions via inorganometallic coordination chemistry, specifically, by donating the Cl− ligand, a noble metal chloride (MClab−) forms a heterobimetallic ion (MxFeyClzn−) with the coordination‐unsaturated FeCl3. Upon reduction, the ordered heterobimetallic ions are simultaneously transformed into IMNCs and embedded into γ‐Fe2O3 nanosheets, which form from excess FeCl3. In addition to providing convincing spectral evidence for the structure of the heterobimetallic ions, magnetic measurements, atomic‐resolution electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO collectively confirm the successful preparation of the L10‐phased Pd3Fe IMNCs. Furthermore, this versatile method can be extended to synthesize other IMNCs, such as AuFe and PtFe, and seems to be applicable to IrFe, RhFe, RuFe, and MCo. When utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst in a Heck coupling reaction, the prepared Pd3Fe IMNCs display satisfactory activity and stability, highlighting their potential applications as advantageous catalysts.
Palladium Catalyzed C−O Coupling of Amino Alcohols for the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Mikus Malte S. , Sanchez Carina , Fridrich Cary , Larrow Jay F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmine containing aryl ethers are common pharmacophore motifs that continue to emerge from drug discovery efforts. As amino alcohols are readily available building blocks, practical methodologies for incorporating them into more complex structures are highly desirable. We report our efforts to explore the application of Pd‐catalyzed C−O coupling methods to the arylation of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐amino alcohols. We established general and reliable conditions, under which we explored the scope and limitations of the transformation. The insights gained have been valuable in employing this methodology within a fast‐moving drug discovery environment, which we anticipate will be of general interest to the synthesis and catalysis communities.magnified image
From Molten Calcium Aluminates through Phase Transitions to Cement Phases
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Wenlin , Pan Ruikun , Shan Zhitao , Qiao Ang , Drewitt James W. E. , Hennet Louis , Jahn Sandro , Langstaff David P. , Chass Gregory A. , Tao Haizheng , Yue Yuanzheng , Greaves G. Neville 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCrystalline calcium aluminates are a critical setting agent in cement. To date, few have explored the microscopic and dynamic mechanism of the transitions from molten aluminate liquids, through the supercooled state to glassy and crystalline phases, during cement clinker production. Herein, the first in situ measurements of viscosity and density are reported across all the principal molten phases, relevant to their eventual crystalline structures. Bulk atomistic computer simulations confirm that thermophysical properties scale with the evolution of network substructures interpenetrating melts on the nanoscale. It is demonstrated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) follows the eutectic profile of the liquidus temperature (Tm), coinciding with the melting zone in cement production. The viscosity has been uniquely charted over 14 decades for each calcium‐aluminate phase, projecting and justifying the different temperature zones used in cement manufacture. The fragile–strong phase transitions are revealed across all supercooled phases coinciding with heterogeneous nucleation close to 1.2Tg, where sintering and quenching occur in industrial‐scale cement processing.
High‐Performance Nondoped Blue Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Featuring Low Driving Voltage and High Brightness
Authors: Zou Shi‐Jie , Xie Feng‐Ming , Xie Miao , Li Yan‐Qing , Cheng Tao , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) provides great potential for the realization of efficient and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, it is still challenging for blue TADF emitters to simultaneously achieve high efficiency, high brightness, and low Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) y coordinate (CIEy) value. Here, the design and synthesis of two new benzonitrile‐based TADF emitters (namely 2,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐3,5‐bis(3,6‐diphenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)benzonitrile (2PhCz2CzBn) and 2,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐3,5‐bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)benzonitrile (2tCz2CzBn)) with a symmetrical and rigid heterodonor configuration are reported. The TADF OLEDs doped with both the emitters can achieve a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 20% and narrowband blue emission of 464 nm with a CIEy < 0.2. Moreover, the incorporation of a terminal tert‐butyl group can weaken the intermolecular π–π stacking in the nondoped TADF emitter, and thus significantly suppress self‐aggregation‐caused emission quenching for enhanced delayed fluorescence. A peak EQE of 21.6% is realized in the 2tCz2CzBn‐based nondoped device with an extremely low turn‐on voltage of 2.7 V, high color stability, a high brightness over 20 000 cd m−2, a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 70 nm, and CIE color coordinates of (0.167, 0.248).
Assessment of silica dust exposure profile in relation to prevalence of silicosis among Indian sandstone mine workers: Need for review of standards
Authors: Dhatrak Sarang , Nandi Subroto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Indian mines, the prescribed exposure limit (PEL) for free silica dust is 0.15 mg/m3 which is much higher than those of OSHA and the ACGIH. Because of the reporting of high numbers of silicosis cases among Indian sandstone mine workers, the present study was designed to assess the dust exposure profile of the workers and to substantiate correlation of silica exposure with radiographic findings of silicosis.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 1012 workers actively engaged in sandstone mining was conducted. Chest x‐rays were evaluated by the ILO Classification for the detection of pneumoconiosis. Representative 26 personal dust samples were collected using a personal dust sampler and free silica content estimated.ResultsRadiographs compatible with silicosis were seen in 12.3% of workers, of which about 90% were ILO category 1 & 2. Prevalence of abnormal profusion increased from 2.9% to 13.1% to 22% as work exposure increased from <10 to 11 to 20 to >20 years, respectively. In dust samples, the mean silica concentration was 0.12 mg/m3 with 70% samples below the prescribed standard of 0.15 mg/m3.ConclusionThe study indicates that silica exposure below the prescribed limit in India is likely to be harmful. The PEL for crystalline silica in India of 0.15 mg/m3 is not adequately protective. Hence, there is an urgent need to reduce exposure to silica in these workplaces to prevent silicosis and to review the present standards as the government of India remains committed to the elimination of silicosis by 2030.
Influence of work organization and work environment on missed work, productivity, and use of pain medications among construction apprentices
Authors: Evanoff B. A. , Rohlman D. S. , Strickland J. R. , Dale A. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundConstruction is among the most dangerous industries. In addition to traditional hazards for workplace injury and illness, other threats to health and well‐being may occur from work organization and work environment factors, including irregular employment, long commutes, long work hours, and employer policies regarding health and safety. These nontraditional hazards may affect work and health outcomes directly, or through effects on health behaviors. The cumulative impacts of both traditional and nontraditional hazards on health‐related outcomes among construction workers are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a survey among apprentice construction workers to identify relationships between work organization and environmental factors with five outcomes of economic relevance to employers: missed work due to work‐related injury, missed work due to any pain or injury, self‐reported workability, health‐related productivity, and use of prescription medications for pain.ResultsA total of 963 surveys were completed (response rate 90%) in this young (mean age 28) working cohort. Multivariate Poisson regression models found associations between the outcomes of interest and multiple work factors, including job strain, safety behaviors of coworkers, and mandatory overtime. Univariate analysis showed additional associations, including precarious work, and supervisor support for safety.ConclusionsFindings from this cross‐sectional study suggest that work organization and environment factors influence health and work outcomes among young construction trade workers. Future work with longitudinal data will examine the hypothesized paths between work factors, health behaviors, health outcomes, and work outcomes.
“Moved on”? An exploratory study of the Cashless Debit Card and Indigenous mobility
Authors: Vincent Eve , Markham Francis , Klein Elise 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhat is the relationship between the first two trials of the Cashless Debit Card (CDC) and Indigenous mobility? In Ceduna, Vincent conducted ethnographic research into lived experiences of the first CDC trial. In the East Kimberley, Klein conducted 51 structured interviews with people on the card and 37 semi‐structured interviews with key informants. Markham used regression analysis of net migration rates at the Statistical Area 2 level to determine whether the CDC trial sites were associated with greater net population loss in 2016 census data than comparable locations. Our exploratory study finds significant local talk of displacement arising from the introduction of the CDC, as well as discussion of short‐term trips away from the trial sites being made more difficult. The regression analysis found that the net migration rate was 9.3 per cent points (95% CI: 2.0, 16.5) lower in Ceduna, Wyndham and Kununurra when compared with a group of comparable towns, and 5.2 per cent points (95% CI: 0.9, 9.5) lower when compared with Australia as a whole, meaning that the populations of these towns declined faster than those of comparable towns. Policy effects on mobility should be taken seriously by researchers and policymakers when considering place‐based welfare policy.
Origin and Use of Hydroxyl Group Tolerance in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Schowner Roman , Elser Iris , Benedikter Mathis , Momin Mohasin , Frey Wolfgang , Schneck Tanja , Stöhr Laura , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe origin of hydroxyl group tolerance in neutral and especially cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes has been investigated. A wide range of catalysts was prepared and tested. Most cationic complexes can be handled in air without difficulty and display an unprecedented stability towards water and alcohols. NHC complexes were successfully used with substrates containing the hydroxyl functionality in acyclic diene metathesis polymerization, homo‐, cross and ring‐opening cross metathesis reactions. The catalysts remain active even in 2‐PrOH and are applicable in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and alkene homometathesis using alcohols as solvent. The use of weakly basic bidentate, hemilabile anionic ligands such as triflate or pentafluorobenzoate and weakly basic aromatic imido ligands in combination with a sterically demanding 1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene NHC ligand was found essential for reactive and yet robust catalysts.
Synthesis and catalytic application of Pd/PdO/Fe3O4@polymer‐like graphene quantum dots
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Al‐Azmi Amal 
Published: November 2019

A novel approach was achieved for growing citric acid towards polymer‐like graphene quantum dots (PGQD) with high efficiency in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a base catalyst. This protocol is completely safe, simple, fast, and efficient by a bottom up strategy. Thermal treatment of a mixture containing citric acid with NaOH at 300 °C gave PGQD during 5 min. The reaction afforded a new heterogeneous catalyst, Pd/PdO/Fe3O4@PGQD, in the presence of Pd and Fe3O4. The magnetically recoverable catalyst showed high activity in the oxidation of alkylarenes and alcohols using H2O2 as a green oxidant at room temperature. Comparison of the results with previous reports showed the efficiency of the catalyst to have high turnover numbers in mild reaction conditions.