bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies in NSCLC patients with an EGFR mutation and high PD-L1 expression
Authors: Masuda Ken , Horinouchi Hidehito , Tanaka Midori , Higashiyama Ryoko , Shinno Yuki , Sato Jun , Matsumoto Yuji , Okuma Yusuke , Yoshida Tatsuya , Goto Yasushi , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have demonstrated that non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLCs) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have poor clinical outcomes in response to treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. However, it remains unclear whether EGFR-mutated NSCLCs with a high programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score ≥ 50%) respond to PD-1 inhibitors.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated the NSCLCs who had received PD-1 inhibitors between January 2016 and December 2018 to assess the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with an EGFR mutation and high PD-L1 expression.

Results
There were 153 patients with a high PD-L1 expression level, and the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 5.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–12.4 months] in the patients with EGFR mutations (n = 17) and 8.3 months (95% CI 6.0–11.7 months) in those with wild-type EGFR (n = 136; hazard ratio (HR) 1.62; 95% CI 0.83–2.87). Among the 110 patients in the low PD-L1 expression group, the mPFS was 1.6 months (95% CI 1.3–5.9 months) in the patients with EGFR mutations (n = 18) and 3.8 months (95% CI 2.5–5.9 months) in those with wild-type EGFR (n = 92; HR 2.59; 95% CI 1.48–4.31). The HR for PFS in the group with EGFR mutations and high PD-L1 expression was 0.97 (95% CI 0.56–1.59) compared to the group with wild-type EGFR and low PD-L1 expression.

Conclusions
PD-1 inhibitors can serve as one of the treatment options for NSCLCs with an EGFR mutation and high PD-L1 expression.
Range expansion and reproduction of the ectoparasitic deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) in its novel host, the Arctic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), in Finland
Authors: Kynkäänniemi Sanna-Mari , Kortet Raine , Laaksonen Sauli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) is a harmful ectoparasite that emerged in the reindeer herding area of Finland in 2006. To understand the current range and the intensity of infestations on its novel reindeer host, we studied deer ked pupae collected from reindeer and moose bedding sites and conducted a questionnaire survey among the managers of 18 reindeer herding cooperatives in the southern part of the reindeer herding area. Our study confirmed that the deer ked can survive and successfully reproduce on reindeer through winter and that flying deer keds had been observed in reindeer wintering areas during several autumns in twelve cooperatives. The pupae originating from reindeer were smaller and showed lower hatching rates than the pupae from moose. The present results indicate that the range of the deer ked infestations on reindeer in Finland expanded during the recent 5 years, now reaching 14 cooperatives and bordering an area south of approximately 66° N 25° E in the west and 65° N 29° E east.
Ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders in neurosurgery: a systematic review
Authors: Lavé Alexandre , Gondar Renato , Demetriades Andreas K. , Meling Torstein R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a growing and probably undervalued concern for neurosurgeons and spine surgeons, as they can impact their quality of life and career length. This systematic review aims to ascertain this association and to search for preventive measures.

Methods
We conducted a PRISMA-P-based review on ergonomics and WMSDs in neurosurgery over the last 15 years. Twelve original articles were included, of which 6 focused on spine surgery ergonomics, 5 cranio-facial surgery (mainly endoscopic), and one on both domains.

Results
We found a huge methodological and content diversity among studies with 5 surveys, 3 cross-sectional studies, 2 retrospective cohorts, and 2 technical notes. Spine surgeons have sustained neck flexion and neglect their posture during surgery. In a survey, low back pain was found in 62% of surgeons, 31% of them with a diagnosed lumbar disc herniation, and 23% of surgery rate. Pain in the neck (59%), shoulder (49%), finger (31%), and wrist (25%) are more frequent than in the general population. Carpal tunnel syndrome showed a linear relationship with increasing cumulative hours of spine surgery practice. Among cranial procedures, endoscopy was also significantly related to shoulder pain while pineal region surgery received some attempts to optimize ergonomics.

Conclusions
Ergonomics in neurosurgery remains underreported and lack attention from surgeons and authorities. Improvements shall target postural ergonomics, equipment design, weekly schedule adaptation, and exercise.
Some remarks to the derivation of the “generalized Lippmann equation”
Authors: Láng Gyözö G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present communication, an attempt is made to demonstrate (once again) some of the problems with the derivation of the “generalized Lippmann equation” considered to be valid by many researchers for solid electrodes and to address the problems in the framework of the Gibbs model of the interface by using only the basic principles of thermodynamics. By surveying the relevant literature, it has been shown that during the derivation of the equation, it was completely ignored that the Gibbs-Duhem equation (i.e., the electrocapillary equation) is a mathematical consequence which follows directly from the homogeneous degree one property of the corresponding thermodynamic potential function; consequently, the resulting expression cannot be correct. Some alternative approaches have also been considered. The adequacy of the open system and the partly closed system approach has been critically discussed, together with the possibility of introducing new thermodynamic potential functions.
HDAC6/HNF4α loop mediated by miR-1 promotes bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Wang Na , Chen Min , Ni Zhen , Li Ting , Zeng Jiaoxia , Lu Guofang , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhang Jian , Wu Siran , Shi Yongquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is considered a precancerous lesion, and bile acids (BA) play a critical role in the induction of IM. Ectopic expression of HNF4α was observed in a BA-induced IM cell model. However, the mechanisms underlying the upregulation of the protein in IM cells remains to be elucidated.

Methods
The effects of HNF4α on gastric mucosal cells in vivo were identified by a transgenic mouse model and RNA-seq was used to screen downstream targets of deoxycholic acid (DCA). The expression of pivotal molecules and miR-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in normal, gastritis and IM tissue slides or microarrays. The transcriptional regulation of HDAC6 was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays.

Results
The transgenic mouse model validated that HNF4α stimulated the HDAC6 expression and mucin secretion in gastric mucosa. Increased HDAC6 and HNF4α expression was also detected in the gastric IM cell model and patient specimens. HNF4α could bind to and activate HDAC6 promoter. In turn, HDAC6 enhanced the HNF4α protein level in GES-1 cells. Furthermore, miR-1 suppressed the expression of downstream intestinal markers by targeting HDAC6 and HNF4α.

Conclusions
Our findings show that the HDAC6/HNF4α loop regulated by miR-1 plays a critical role in gastric IM. Blocking the activation of this loop could be a potential approach to preventing BA-induced gastric IM or even gastric cancer (GC).
Formulation of a phase space exponential operator for the Wigner transport equation accounting for the spatial variation of the effective mass
Authors: Schulz Lukas , Schulz Dirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel numerical approximation technique for the Wigner transport equation including the spatial variation of the effective mass based on the formulation of an exponential operator within the phase space is derived. In addition, a different perspective for the discretization of the phase space is provided, which finally allows flexible discretization patterns. The formalism is presented by means of a simply structured resonant tunneling diode in the stationary and transient regime utilizing a conduction band Hamilton operator. In order to account for quantum effects within heterostructure devices adequately, the corresponding spatial variation of the effective mass is considered explicitly, which is mostly disregarded in conventional methods. The results are validated by a comparison with the results obtained from the nonequilibrium Green’s function approach within the stationary regime assuming the flatband case. Additionally, the proposed approach is utilized to perform a transient analysis of the resonant tunneling diode including the self-consistent Hartree–Fock potential.
The value of doing philosophy in mental health contexts
Authors: Stammers Sophie , Pulvermacher Rosalind 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeople experiencing mental distress and illness are frequently on the receiving end of stigma, epistemic injustice, and social isolation. A range of strategies are required to alleviate the subsequent marginalisation. We ran a series ‘philosophy of mind’ workshops, in partnership with a third-sector mental health organisation with the aim of using philosophical techniques to challenge mental health stigma and build resources for self-understanding and advocacy. Participants were those with lived experience of mental distress, or unusual beliefs and experiences; mental health advocates; and mental health service providers (such as counsellors, psychologists and psychiatrists). We draw on a shared perspective as a participant and facilitator of the workshop series to assess their impact. We discuss the following benefits: (i) the opportunity for structured discussion of experiences and models; (ii) dialogue across different mental health backgrounds; (iii) the potential to reduce self-stigma and to increase self-understanding and advocacy; and (iv) the potential to alleviate (some) epistemic injustice. We invite researchers and mental health practitioners to consider further opportunities to investigate the potential benefits of philosophy groups in mental health settings to establish whether they generalise.
Gedanken an ein Lebensende in Haft – eine Besonderheit der Inhaftierten im höheren Alter
Authors: Meuschke Norman , Jagsch Reinhold 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war es, die Rolle etwaiger Gedanken an den Tod und das Sterben im Hinblick auf die Persönlichkeit, die physische und psychische Gesundheit sowie die Zufriedenheit mit unterschiedlichen Bereichen des Lebens und der Haftsituation von Inhaftierten im Seniorenalter zu untersuchen. Die Studie wurde als fragenbogenbasierte Querschnittuntersuchung konzipiert. Insgesamt wurden 55 Inhaftierte im Alter von 60 Jahren und mehr aus 11 österreichischen Justizanstalten mittels Beck-Depression-Inventar II, Brief Symptom Inventar-53 und NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die Zufriedenheit mit unterschiedlichen Facetten ihres aktuellen Lebens und Alltages mittels visueller Analogskalen (VAS) bewertet. Die statistische Überprüfung etwaiger Unterschiede erfolgte anhand von Mittelwertsvergleichen.Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass inhaftierte Senioren, die keine Gedanken an den Tod berichten, niedrigere Neurotizismuswerte und eine deutlich geringere psychische Belastung berichten als Senioren, die derartige Gedanken angaben. Zudem wird deutlich, dass sich die Subgruppen anhand der Dauer der derzeitigen Inhaftierung unterscheiden, wobei die Intensität der Gedanken an den Tod mit der Haftdauer signifikant zunimmt. Zudem ergab sich hinsichtlich des subjektiven physischen Gesundheitszustandes ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Subgruppen, wohingegen die derzeitige Haftsituation sowie der objektive Gesundheitszustand keinen Einfluss zu haben scheinen.
Describing a critical life event and its psychological consequences: The type of language used by patients suffering from depression and its relationship with personality development
Authors: Kaźmierczak Izabela , Sarzyńska-Wawer Justyna , Wawer Aleksander , Chądzyńska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInformation on personality development (and its linguistic predictors) in the aftermath of a critical life event among depressive patients is relatively limited. The study’s aim was to verify two hypotheses: (1) Participants with depression will use concrete rather than abstract language to describe their most recent critical life event and its psychological consequences and (2) The more abstract the language used, the higher the level of personality development. 16 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy patients suffering from depression participated in the study (M = 34 years old; SD = 4.02). Their level of personality development was assessed qualitatively by two independent coders. The coding system was based on the Positive Disintegration Theory (Dąbrowski 1964). We used typology from the Linguistic Category Model (Semin and Fiedler 1991) to analyse the level of abstractness vs. concreteness. Depressed patients were classified as either abstract language speakers or concrete language speakers. There were equal numbers of both types of speakers. Moreover participants consistently used one type of language, regardless of whether they were describing the critical life event itself or its psychological consequences. As expected, using higher levels of language abstractness when speaking correlated with possessing higher levels of personality development. Our findings provide practitioners with useful knowledge on the benefits of using abstract language to improve supportive strategies when dealing with people in crisis and modify the psychotherapeutic protocols used to treat depression.
Developing a mobile activity game for stroke survivors—lessons learned
Authors: Magnusson Charlotte , Rassmus-Gröhn Kirsten , Rydeman Bitte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPersons who have survived a stroke might lower the risk of having recurrent strokes by adopting a healthier lifestyle with more exercise. One way to promote exercising is by fitness or exergame apps for mobile phones. Health and fitness apps are used by a significant portion of the consumers, but these apps are not targeted to stroke survivors, who may experience cognitive limitations (like fatigue and neglect), have problems with mobility due to hemiplegia, and balance problems. We outline the design process, implementation and user involvement in the design of an exergame app that is specifically targeted to stroke survivors, and present the lessons learned during the design process.
Development and Validation of Robot Patient Equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit and Angular Position Sensors to Evaluate Transfer Skills of Nurses
Authors: Lin Chingszu , Ogata Taiki , Zhong Zhihang , Kanai-Pak Masako , Maeda Jukai , Kitajima Yasuko , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Kuwahara Noriaki , Ota Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo more efficiently enhance the patient transfer skills of nursing students, this study aims to integrate a transfer skills evaluation system and a robot patient. The evaluation parameters, namely, the translational acceleration of the waist, rotational speed of the chest, and joint angles of the shoulder, hip, and knee, were selected on the basis of the pre-experimental results obtained with a simulated patient acted by the human individuals. To measure these parameters, inertial measurement unit (IMU) and angular position sensors were installed on the robot patient. An experiment was conducted with four nursing teachers to verify whether the robot patient could distinguish the incorrect methods of the transfer skills, determined to be a common mistake made by the nurses. According to the results, most transfer steps had the same effect on the simulated patient and the robot patient, which demonstrates that the robot patient is a suitable substitute for an actual patient. However, in certain steps, the robot patient was not able to distinguish between the correct and incorrect methods using the chosen parameters owing to the differences being insignificant. These insignificant differences were mostly attributed to the passive joint design of the robot patient.
Waterpower romance: the cultural myth of dying watermills in German hydro-narratives around 1900
Authors: Limmer Agnes , Zumbrägel Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEven in the twenty-first century, myths of preindustrial forms of energy utilization are woven around watermills, waterwheels, and traditional millscapes. Along German watercourses, many grinding shops and hammer mills held on to waterwheels and delivered mechanical rather than electric power well into the twentieth century. It is not the case that the days of these “old technologies” (Edgerton 2008) were numbered as soon as hydroelectricity and “modern” hydraulic turbines appeared in the 1880s. When analyzing the dominating contemporaneous discourses around hydropower, it is easy to overlook these tendencies of historical persistence. This is not surprising, considering that scientific, literary, and preservationist narratives around 1900––actively and subtly––propagated and spread the idea ofMuehlensterben, or the myth of dying watermills that has been rehearsed over and over again in reflections on hydropower history. In this article, we challenge the popular imaginaries of “old” and “outmoded” watermills in a two-step approach. Firstly, we contrast the well-known transition at the advent of hydroelectricity with hydropower activities, which took place simultaneously in Germany’s traditional commercial landscapes. Here, waterwheels remained in good use, despite the electrification and scientific development of hydraulic turbines. Secondly, we deconstruct the romantic bias towards the preindustrial symbolism of the waterwheel by analyzing different arguments in professional journals as well as romanticizing and nostalgic literature. We combine approaches and empirical material of both historical and literary sciences to gain a better understanding of how different narratives reinforced the image of watermills and waterwheels being outdated. In this respect, the interdisciplinary approach contributes to the emerging field of theEnvironmental Humanities.
Cultural Differences as Excuses? Human Rights and Cultural Values in Global Ethics and Governance of AI
Authors: Wong Pak-Hang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCultural differences pose a serious challenge to the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) from a global perspective. Cultural differences may enable malignant actors to disregard the demand of important ethical values or even to justify the violation of them through deference to the local culture, either by affirming the local culture lacks specific ethical values, e.g., privacy, or by asserting the local culture upholds conflicting values, e.g., state intervention is good. One response to this challenge is the human rights approach to AI governance, which is intended to be a universal and globally enforceable framework. The proponents of the approach, however, have so far neglected the challenge from cultural differences or left out the implications of cultural diversity in their works. This is surprising because human rights theorists have long recognized the significance of cultural pluralism for human rights. Accordingly, the approach may not be straightforwardly applicable in “non-Western” contexts because of cultural differences, and it may also be critiqued as philosophically incomplete insofar as the approach does not account for the (non-) role of culture. This commentary examines the human rights approach to AI governance with an emphasis on cultural values and the role of culture. Particularly, I show that the consideration of cultural values is essential to the human rights approach for both philosophical and instrumental reasons.
America’s Marine Highway stakeholders: a system-scale analysis of influence in decision making
Authors: Mokashi Amit J. , Becker Austin , Corbett James J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work surveys stakeholders of America’s Marine Highway to identify their perceived influence on each other’s resource allocation decision making. The value/criticality of the resource held by the stakeholder group can be indirectly measured by the influence exerted by the group on its peers and its external stakeholders. The stakeholder map visualizes how the various stakeholder groups influence each other. Survey of the US Marine Highway stakeholders reveals peers as the most dominant influence among shippers, environmental advocates, and regulators. Results suggest that only suppliers and transportation providers exhibit distinct dominance of customer-supplier influence over that of their peers. This snapshot of stakeholder relationships is a powerful tool for both businesses as well as regulators in their pursuit of shared objectives in a network-centric environment. Stakeholder relationship influence results, and their graphical illustration, contribute to understanding the underlying dynamics of a changing value advantage in the current and coming decades of shipping.
Some remarks on Vainikko integral operators in BV type spaces
Authors: Angeloni Laura , Appell Jürgen , Reinwand Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study Vainikko integral operators which are similar to so-called cordial integral operators and contain the classical Hardy operator, the Schur operator, and the Hilbert transform as special cases. For such operators we obtain norm estimates and equalities, mainly in BV type spaces in the sense of Jordan, Wiener, Riesz, and Waterman. Several examples are also discussed.
Eine „praktische Lücke“ im Beweis – Zur methodologischen Kritik des Konsequenzialismus und des Prinzips der maximierenden Rationalität
Authors: Kertscher Jens , Richter Philipp 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag entfaltet eine grundsätzliche Kritik an konsequenzialistischen Ethiken. Unsere Kritik zielt auf den Nachweis, dass konsequenzialistische Ansätze einer methodischen Anforderung bei der Begründung eines Moralprinzips nicht gerecht werden, weil sie einen Begriff des Guten voraussetzen, ohne auf seinen epistemischen Status zu reflektieren. Es gelingt ihnen daher nicht, einen Begriff des Guten zu entwickeln, der gleichermaßen sowohl die Erkenntnis einerlogischen Notwendigkeitals auch einerpraktischen Relevanzzum Ausdruck bringen kann. Aus methodischen Gründen muss daher unklar bleiben, warum das, was als „gut“ gesetzt und erkannt wird, auch realisiert werden muss.Wir gehen in vier Schritten vor: In einemersten Schrittgreifen wir mit dem Ziel der Verschärfung des Problems mit dem so genannten deontologischen Paradox eine der größten Herausforderungen für deontologische Ethiken auf. Wir wollen aber zeigen, dass dieses Paradox überhaupt nur formuliert werden kann, wenn bereits von einem Prinzip des Guten ausgegangen wird, ohne es in ein Verhältnis zur praktischen Vernunft des Handelnden zu setzen. Dazu rekonstruieren wir in einemzweiten SchrittMills Beweis für das Nützlichkeitsprinzip des Utilitarismus, weil sich daran das methodische Problem einer Erkenntnis des Guten besonders gut herausarbeiten lässt. Imdritten Schrittentwickeln wir unter Rückgriff auf methodologische Überlegungen Kants aus derKritik der praktischen Vernunftein Argument, das zeigen soll, dass in keiner moralphilosophischen Argumentation ein Begriff des Guten einfach vorausgesetzt werden kann, ohne logisch primär die durch das Prädikat „gut“ erkannte praktische Notwendigkeit in ein Verhältnis zum Handelnden zu setzen. Das, was überhaupt als gut erkannt werden kann, ist daher durch reflexive Urteile über den Modus des praktischen Erkennens zu bestimmen. Mit diesem Ergebnis wird in einemvierten Schrittdas deontologische Paradox aufgelöst.