bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetik und Mechanismus der mineralischen Atmung: Eisen‐Häme synchronisieren die Geschwindigkeit des Elektronentransfers
Authors: Chabert Valentin , Babel Lucille , Füeg Michael P. , Karamash Maksym , Madivoli Edwin S. , Herault Nelly , Dantas Joana M. , Salgueiro Carlos A. , Giese Bernd , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnaerobe Mikroorganismen der Geobacter Gattung sind wichtige Elektronenquellen für die Synthese von Nanopartikeln, für die Biosanierung von verschmutztem Wasser und für Brennstoffzellen. Im Atmungsprozess dieser Spezies werden Elektronen von den Eisen‐Hämen der c‐Cytochrome aus der inneren Zellmembran zu den extrazellulären Metallionen geleitet, die an der äusseren Zellmembran gebunden sind. Die Elektronenproduktion und der Elektronenfluss erfolgten mit 5×105 e s−1 pro G. sulfurreducens. Die Mikroorganismen können die Geschwindigkeit des Elektronenflusses durch Erhöhung des Fe2+/Fe3+ Verhältnisses in den Multihäm‐Cytochromen erhöhen, wenn sich die Aktivität oder die Konzentration des extrazellulären Oxidationsmittels verringert. Dieser Mechanismus erlaubt es, dass die Atmung auch bei wechselnden Umweltbedingungen unverändert bleibt. Diese Homöostase ist eine notwendige Bedingung für lebende Systeme und macht G. sulfurreducens Mikroorganismen zu einer vielseitigen Elektronenquelle.
Highly Efficient Porous Carbon Electrocatalyst with Controllable N‐Species Content for Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ye Lin , Ying Yiran , Sun Dengrong , Zhang Zhouyang , Fei Linfeng , Wen Zhenhai , Qiao Jinli , Huang Haitao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report a straightforward strategy to design efficient N doped porous carbon (NPC) electrocatalyst that has a high concentration of easily accessible active sites for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The NPC with large amounts of active N (pyridinic and graphitic N) and highly porous structure is prepared by using an oxygen‐rich metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF‐74) precursor. The amount of active N species can be tuned by optimizing the calcination temperature and time. Owing to the large pore sizes, the active sites are well exposed to electrolyte for CO2RR. The NPC exhibits superior CO2RR activity with a small onset potential of −0.35 V and a high faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.4 % towards CO at −0.55 V vs. RHE, one of the highest values among NPC‐based CO2RR electrocatalysts. This work advances an effective and facile way towards highly active and cost‐effective alternatives to noble‐metal CO2RR electrocatalysts for practical applications.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Annulation of Cyclopropenones and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones/Imines
Authors: Bai Dachang , Yu Yanjiang , Guo Haiming , Chang Junbiao , Li Xingwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNi0‐catalyzed chemo‐ and enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of cyclopropenones and α,β‐unsaturated ketones/imines is described. This reaction integrates C−C bond cleavage of cyclopropenones and enantioselective functionalization by carbonyl/imine group, offering a mild approach to γ‐alkenyl butenolides and lactams in excellent enantioselectivity (88–98 % ee) through intermolecular C−C activation.
Island survival: The anthracological and archaeofaunal evidence for colonial‐era events on Barrow Island, north‐west Australia
Authors: BYRNE CHAE , DOOLEY TOM , MANNE TIINA , PATERSON ALISTAIR , DOTTE‐SAROUT EMILIE 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe establishment of north‐west Australia's nineteenth‐century pearlshell fisheries led to the first occupation of many arid offshore islands since the early mid‐Holocene. The nature of this occupation, and how crews subsisted on such remote landscapes, remains poorly understood. We investigate a rare instance of an archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological record for this colonial‐era activity at Bandicoot Bay, Barrow Island. Varied taxonomic representation suggests an atypical subsistence strategy for a maritime industry, involving broad exploitation of resources over several local landscapes and an absence of remains of provisioned food. Identified plant taxa largely conform to resources known ethnographically to have been exploited by north‐west Aboriginal communities, and many relate to traditional food practices. The spatial patterning of charred wood and bone suggests multiple burning activities and areas of specific use. Conditions of wood fuel on the island may have prompted the augmentation of fuel, indicated by the presence of non‐local wood charcoal and high proportions of calcined bone. These findings (i) are consistent with the hypothesis that the site's occupants originated from the north‐west as part of coerced pearling labour and (ii) provide unique insight into the role offshore islands may have occupied in the management of this industry's labour forces.
Coupled metabolic‐hydrodynamic modeling enabling rational scale‐up of industrial bioprocesses
Authors: Wang Guan , Haringa Cees , Tang Wenjun , Noorman Henk , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping , Zhang Siliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetabolomics aims to address what and how regulatory mechanisms are coordinated to achieve flux optimality, different metabolic objectives as well as appropriate adaptations to dynamic nutrient availability. Recent decades have witnessed that the integration of metabolomics and fluxomics within the goal of synthetic biology has arrived at generating the desired bioproducts with improved bioconversion efficiency. Absolute metabolite quantification by isotope dilution mass spectrometry represents a functional readout of cellular biochemistry and contributes to the establishment of metabolic (structured) models required in systems metabolic engineering. In industrial practices, population heterogeneity arising from fluctuating nutrient availability frequently leads to performance losses, that is reduced commercial metrics (titer, rate, and yield). Hence, the development of more stable producers and more predictable bioprocesses can benefit from a quantitative understanding of spatial and temporal cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity within industrial bioprocesses. Quantitative metabolomics analysis and metabolic modeling applied in computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐assisted scale‐down simulators that mimic industrial heterogeneity such as fluctuations in nutrients, dissolved gases, and other stresses can procure informative clues for coping with issues during bioprocessing scale‐up. In previous studies, only limited insights into the hydrodynamic conditions inside the industrial‐scale bioreactor have been obtained, which makes case‐by‐case scale‐up far from straightforward. Tracking the flow paths of cells circulating in large‐scale bioreactors is a highly valuable tool for evaluating cellular performance in production tanks. The “lifelines” or “trajectories” of cells in industrial‐scale bioreactors can be captured using Euler‐Lagrange CFD simulation. This novel methodology can be further coupled with metabolic (structured) models to provide not only a statistical analysis of cell lifelines triggered by the environmental fluctuations but also a global assessment of the metabolic response to heterogeneity inside an industrial bioreactor. For the future, the industrial design should be dependent on the computational framework, and this integration work will allow bioprocess scale‐up to the industrial scale with an end in mind.
Engineering of membrane phospholipid component enhances salt stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yin Nannan , Zhu Guoxing , Luo Qiuling , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo increase the growth of industrial strains under environmental stress, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 salt‐tolerant strain Y00 that tolerates 1.2 M NaCl was cultured through nitroguanidine mutagenesis. The metabolomics and transcription data of Y00 were compared with those of the wild‐type strain BY4741. The comparison identified two genes related to salt stress tolerance, cds1 and cho1. Modular assembly of cds1 and cho1 redistributed the membrane phospholipid component and decreased the ratio of anionic‐to‐zwitterionic phospholipid in strain Y03 that showed the highest salt tolerance. Therefore, significantly increased membrane potential and membrane integrity helped strain Y03 to resist salt stress (1.2 M NaCl). This study provides an effective membrane engineering strategy to enhance salt stress tolerance.
Peroxisomicine A1, a potential antineoplastic agent, causes micropexophagy in addition to macropexophagy
Authors: Ortega‐Martínez Marta , Gutiérrez‐Dávila Vanessa , Niderhauser‐García Alberto , Salazar‐Aranda Ricardo , Solís‐Soto Juan M. , Montes‐de‐Oca‐Luna Roberto , Jaramillo‐Rangel Gilberto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a potential antineoplastic agent with high and selective toxicity toward peroxisomes of tumor cells. Pexophagy is a selective autophagy process that degrades damaged peroxisomes; this process has been studied mainly in methylotrophic yeasts. There are two main modes of pexophagy in yeast: macropexophagy and micropexophagy. Previous studies showed that peroxisomes damaged by a prolonged exposition to PA1 are eliminated by macropexophagy. In this work, Candida boidinii was grown in methanol‐containing media, and PA1 was added to the cultures at 2 µg/mL after they reached the mid‐exponential growth phase. Samples were taken at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min after the addition of PA1 and processed for ultrastructural analysis. Typical morphological characteristics of micropexophagy were observed: the direct engulfment of peroxisomes by the vacuolar membrane and the presence of the micropexophagic membrane apparatus (MIPA), which mediates the fusion between the opposing tips of the vacuole to complete sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol. In conclusion, here we report that, in addition to macropexophagy, peroxisomes damaged by PA1 can be eliminated by micropexophagy. This information is useful to deepen the knowledge of the mechanism of action of PA1 and of that of pexophagy per se.
Gö6983 attenuates breast cancer‐induced osteolysis by the apoptotic pathway
Authors: Luan Zhiwei , Li Jia , Huang Xing , Feng Wenyu , Ma Shiting , Song Fengyang , Wu Zhengyuan , Zhang Xiaohan , Wei Linfeng , Yang Zhenyi , Yao Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBone metastasis caused by breast cancer leads to significant complications in treatment, and the resulting osteolysis considerably affects patients’ overall survival and quality of life. Gö6983 is a broad spectrum protein kinase C inhibitor. In this study, based on our finding that the Gö6983 inhibits osteolysis, we applied Gö6983 to the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer‐induced mouse bone metastasis model. And we found that Gö6983 has a strong inhibitory effect on the tumorigenic model of breast cancer by promoting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that Gö6983 has a potential inhibitory effect on breast cancer‐induced osteoclast activation and provides mechanistic insight that may prove useful for designing future treatments.
Influencing the Self‐Sorting Behavior of [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Ligands by Introducing Isostructural Binding Motifs
Authors: Volbach Lucia , Struch Niklas , Bohle Fabian , Topić Filip , Schnakenburg Gregor , Schneider Andreas , Rissanen Kari , Grimme Stefan , Lützen Arne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo isostructural ligands with either nitrile (Lnit) or isonitrile (Liso) moieties directly connected to a [2.2]paracyclophane backbone with pseudo‐meta substitution pattern have been synthesized. The ligand itself (Lnit) or its precursors (Liso) were resolved by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase and the absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by XRD analysis and/or by comparison of quantum‐chemical simulated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Surprisingly, the resulting metallosupramolecular aggregates formed in solution upon coordination of [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2] differ in their composition: whereas Lnit forms dinuclear complexes, Liso exclusively forms trinuclear ones. Furthermore, they also differ in their chiral self‐sorting behavior as (rac)‐Liso undergoes exclusive social self‐sorting leading to a heterochiral assembly, whereas (rac)‐Liso shows a twofold preference for the formation of homochiral complexes in a narcissistic self‐sorting manner as proven by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, upon crystallization, these discrete aggregates undergo structural transformation to coordination polymers, as evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Defining the Scope of the Acid‐Catalyzed Glycosidation of Glycosyl Bromides
Authors: Singh Yashapal , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Yashapal Singh and Alexei Demchenko from the University of Missouri‐St. Louis, USA. The image depicts the Koenigs and Knorr reaction, with the old car illustrating that the reaction is slow in the presence of silver(I) oxide, whereas the fast car shows that the reaction can be significantly accelerated by the addition of catalytic triflic acid. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201904185.
One Guest or Two? A Crystallographic and Solution Study of Guest Binding in a Cubic Coordination Cage
Authors: Taylor Christopher G. P. , Argent Stephen P. , Ludden Michael D. , Piper Jerico R. , Mozaceanu Cristina , Barnett Sarah A. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA crystallographic investigation of a series of host–guest complexes in which small‐molecule organic guests occupy the central cavity of an approximately cubic M8L12 coordination cage has revealed some unexpected behaviour. Whilst some guests form 1:1 H⋅G complexes as we have seen before, an extensive family of bicyclic guests—including some substituted coumarins and various saturated analogues—form 1:2 H⋅G2 complexes in the solid state, despite the fact that solution titrations are consistent with 1:1 complex formation, and the combined volume of the pair of guests significantly exceeds the Rebek 55±9 % packing for optimal guest binding, with packing coefficients of up to 87 %. Re‐examination of solution titration data for guest binding in two cases showed that, although conventional fluorescence titrations are consistent with 1:1 binding model, alternative forms of analysis—Job plot and an NMR titration—at higher concentrations do provide evidence for 1:2 H⋅G2 complex formation. The observation of guests binding in pairs in some cases opens new possibilities for altered reactivity of bound guests, and also highlights the recently articulated difficulties associated with determining stoichiometry of supramolecular complexes in solution.
Retinal morphology in Astyanax mexicanus during eye degeneration
Authors: Emam Amany , Yoffe Marina , Cardona Henry , Soares Daphne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe teleost Astyanax mexicanus is one species extant in two readily available forms. One that lives in Mexican rivers and various convergent forms that live in nearby caves. These fish are born with eyes but in the cavefish, they degenerate during development. It is known that the lens of cavefish undergoes apoptosis and that some cells in the neuroretina also die. It has not been described, however, if glia and various components of the neuroretina form before complete eye degeneration. Here we examined the development of the retina of the closest living ancestor that lives in the rivers and two independently adapted of cavefish. We report that although the neuroretina is smaller and more compact, it has all cell types and layers including amacrine cells and Müller glia. While various makers for photoreceptors are present in the cavefish inner segments, the outer segments of the photoreceptors in cavefish are missing from the earliest stages examined. This shows that the machinery for visual transducing discs might still be present but not organized in one part of the cell. It is interesting to note that the deficiencies in Astyanax cavefish resemble retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Weekly Versus Biweekly IgPro20 Dosing in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Rojavin Mikhail A. , Chapdelaine Hugo , Tortorici Michael A. , Praus Michaela , Baheti Gautam , Zhang Ying , Hofmann Jutta , Labrosse Roxane , Dicaire Renée , Haddad Elie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlexible dosing of IgPro20 (Hizentra®, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania) maintains normal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Until now, clinical trials testing the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of serum IgG of weekly and biweekly subcutaneous IgG therapy were not published. This is the first study assessing PK characteristics following weekly and biweekly IgPro20 in patients with PID. The PK study was conducted in 2 parts: weekly dosing (12 weeks) and biweekly dosing (up to 12 months). Serum IgG concentration‐time data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods to generate PK parameters. Fifteen patients provided PK samples for both dosing regimens. For weekly and biweekly regimens, mean doses per infusion were 109 and 213 mg/kg, respectively, and median tmax was 2.0 and 3.02 days, respectively. The mean Ctrough values were similar in weekly and biweekly regimens (10.21 and 10.13 g/dL, respectively). The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) with 90% confidence intervals of biweekly to weekly Cmax and Ctrough were 1.10 (1.06–1.13) and 0.98 (0.95–1.01), respectively. The GMR of dAUC was 1.07 (1.03–1.10). This PK analysis demonstrated similar systemic IgG exposure after weekly and biweekly IgPro20 dosing with an equivalent monthly dose in patients with PID.
Falcon genomics in the context of conservation, speciation, and human culture
Authors: Wilcox Justin J. S. , Boissinot Stéphane , Idaghdour Youssef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere, we review the diversity, evolutionary history, and genomics of falcons in the context of their conservation and interactions with humans, and provide a perspective on how new genomic approaches may be applied to expand our knowledge of these topics. For millennia, humans and falcons (genusFalco) have developed unique relationships through falconry, religious rituals, conservation efforts, and human lifestyle transitions. From an evolutionary perspective, falcons remain an enigma. Having experienced several recent radiations, they have reached an unparalleled and almost global distribution, with an intrageneric species richness that is roughly an order of magnitude higher than typical within their family (Falconidae) and across other birds (Phylum: Aves). This diversity has evolved in the context of unusual genomic architecture that includes unique chromosomal rearrangements, relatively low chromosome counts, extremely low microdeletion rates, and high levels of nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs). These genomic peculiarities combine with high levels of ecological and organismal diversity and a legacy of human interactions to make falcons obvious candidates for evolutionary studies, providing unique research opportunities in common topics, including chromosomal evolution, the mechanics of speciation, local adaptation, domestication, and urban adaptation.
Community‐based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park
Authors: Kiffner Christian , Thomas Seth , Speaker Talia , O'Connor Victoria , Schwarz Paige , Kioko John , Kissui Bernard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCommunity‐based conservation models have been widely implemented across Africa to improve wildlife conservation and livelihoods of rural communities. In Tanzania, communities can set aside land and formally register it as Wildlife Management Area (WMA), which allows them to generate revenue via consumptive or nonconsumptive utilization of wildlife. The key, yet often untested, assumption of this model is that economic benefits accrued from wildlife motivate sustainable management of wildlife. To test the ecological effectiveness (here defined as persistence of wildlife populations) of Burunge Wildlife Management Area (BWMA), we employed a participatory monitoring approach involving WMA personnel. At intermittent intervals between 2011 and 2018, we estimated mammal species richness and population densities of ten mammal species (African elephant, giraffe, buffalo, zebra, wildebeest, waterbuck, warthog, impala, Kirk's dik‐dik, and vervet monkey) along line transects. We compared mammal species accumulation curves and density estimates with those of time‐matched road transect surveys conducted in adjacent Tarangire National Park (TNP). Mammal species richness estimates were similar in both areas, yet observed species richness per transect was greater in TNP compared to BWMA. Species‐specific density estimates of time‐matched surveys were mostly not significantly different between BWMA and TNP, but elephants occasionally reached greater densities in TNP compared to BWMA. In BWMA, elephant, wildebeest, and impala populations showed significant increases from 2011 to 2018. These results suggest that community‐based conservation models can support mammal communities and densities that are similar to national park baselines. In light of the ecological success of this case study, we emphasize the need for continued efforts to ensure that the BWMA is effective. This will require adaptive management to counteract potential negative repercussions of wildlife populations on peoples' livelihoods. This study can be used as a model to evaluate the effectiveness of wildlife management areas across Tanzania.
Time since fire and prior fire interval shape woody debris dynamics in obligate‐seeder woodlands
Authors: Gosper Carl R. , Yates Colin J. , Fox Elizabeth , Prober Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWoody debris plays an important role in many ecosystem functions, including nutrient and carbon cycling, providing substrates for plant recruitment and habitat for fauna. Fires can affect woody debris stocks, through generating new pieces by killing or severing plant parts and consuming pre‐existing woody debris. We develop a model of woody debris dynamics with variation in time since fire and prior fire interval applicable to obligate‐seeder forests and woodlands, considering down woody debris and standing dead trees as discrete components. We then test predictions of change in woody debris derived from this model in Eucalyptus salubris woodlands in South‐Western Australia, using a multi‐century chronosequence with recent fires varying between having short (<50 yr since the previous fire) or long (>50 yr, but often much longer) prior intervals. As per our woody debris dynamics model, most attributes measured were affected by time since fire, prior fire interval, or their interaction. Woody debris biomass was greatest shortly after fire, reflecting high quantities of standing dead trees resulting from stand‐replacement disturbance. Standing dead tree density and biomass then declined with increasing time since fire, but individual dead tree size was high beyond 200 yr since fire. Down woody debris biomass remained relatively stable with time since fire, but piece size increased. Dimensions of woody debris were strongly influenced by prior fire interval, with long prior intervals resulting in pieces at least twice the size than those occurring after short prior intervals. Fire management to maximize the availability of large woody debris pieces for fauna should aim to minimize short fire intervals, while from a carbon management perspective, all fires in obligate‐seeder forests and woodlands set in train large and prolonged emissions of carbon.