bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRY EYE STATUS BASED ON THE SCHIRMER TEST AND TEAR FILM BREAK UP TIME RESULTS FOLLOWING USE OF SOFT CONTACT LENS IN KERALA
Authors: George Dr. Simon 
Published: November 2019

Prospective two years study of the dry eye status following use of soft contact lens. Based on the Schirmer test results, 10 % soft contact lens wearers developed mild dry eye at the end of 1 year and 15 % developed mild dry eye at the end of 2 years. No patient had moderate or severe dry eye. Based on the Tear film break up time results, 17 % soft contact lens wearers developed mild dry eye at the end of 1 year and 30 % developed mild dry eye at the end of 2 years. 1% had moderate dry eye at the end of 2 years. No patient had severe dry eye.
Keywords: Schirmer test, Tear film break up time, soft contact lens, dry eye
USE SPIRITUALITY RELATED BELIEFS IN TREATMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES
Authors: Paswan Rakesh Kumar , Pushp Brajesh , Aswal Siddharth , Motwani Yogesh 
Published: November 2019

Background: Spirituality is a theme of religion and philosophy, which are Humanities and work on empirical principals. Psychology and psychiatry are developed from philosophy but have scientific attitude. Patient care is a complex issue and needs conversion of both of these principles.
Aim: We made an attempt to evaluate that use of spirituality principles in patient’s treatment is helpful or not.
Material and methods: Total 510 patients were evaluated. Study group of 260 patients were given spiritual consideration in standard treatment and control group of 250 patients were only given standard treatment. World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF raw score were compared using student t test.
Results: We found that there was significantly more improvement in study group as compared to control group in terms of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF score.
Conclusion: We arrived at the conclusion that spiritual consideration gives added improvement in treatment of psychiatric illnesses. We should not ignore spiritual beliefs of patients.
Keywords: spirituality, beliefs, psychiatric illness, psychology
CLINICAL STUDY OF RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS
Authors: Singh Dr Kalpana , Balwir Dr Dhiraj , Singh Dr Jeetendra , Raikar Dr Ruchita 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To study the relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy (PDR or NPDR) and systemic complications of diabetes mellitus such as Neuropathy, Nephropathy or Cardiovascular manifestation as hypertension.
Methods and Materials: This prospective observational study of 100 patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Such patients were recruited as a part of the study and further examined for any other systemic abnormality as neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension.
Statistical Analysis: Chi square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. P value < 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Male: Female ratio of presence of diabetic retinopathy was 2.13: 1. The rate of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1.47 % in persons who had diabetes for less than 5 years to 7.35 % in persons who had diabetes more than 15 years.
In our study, it was seen that nephropathy was present in 35.71 % cases with PDR as compared to 8.93% of cases with Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
Conclusion: Our study showed that there is a significant correlation between severity of retinopathy and duration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.
Maximum number of patients with Diabetes mellitus having cardiovascular involvement, had hypertension (68%).In patients suffering from neuropathy as a complication of DM, maximum number of patients had diabetic foot (56%).It was seen that the severity of diabetic retinopathy had some association with presence of nephropathy.
Also it can be postulated that patients with severe NPDR and PDR have high risk of developing nephropathy than patients suffering with mild and moderate NPDR.
Hence it can be recommended that all patients of diabetes mellitus suffering from clinically significant neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension as a complication of diabetes should always be screened for presence of retinopathy.
Further studies with larger sample size are to be conducted to further look into this association.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, complications
COMPARISON OF ESMOLOL, LABETALOL AND LIGNOCAINE FOR ATTENUATION OF SYMPATHOMIMETIC RESPONSES TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
Authors: Kumar Dr. Ankit , Kulshrestha Dr. Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: In some individual’s suffering from hypertension, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction and thyrotoxicosis, these hemodynamic stress responses can turn into life-threatening conditions like left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage, and ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Different drugs like lidocaine, vasodilator agents inhibiting sympathoadrenal response, α-and β-adrenergic blockers, and opioids can be administered prior to tracheal intubation to prevent hemodynamic responses. But higher dose of lignocaine may lead to hypotension, bradycardia, and hypoxia in patients. Due to various effect of these drugs on hemodynamic changes in patients this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of IV esmolol, lignocaine, and labetalol for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 consecutive patients were included in the study and were grouped in to, lignocaine group, labetalol and esmolol group containing 30 patients each. Age group 21–65 years of either sex or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I or II scheduled for various general surgical procedures under endotracheal anesthesia were included in this study. Patients excluded were pregnant and lactating women, morbid obesity, and hypertension. RESULTS: Mean Age in Group 1, group2 and group 3 was 40.38 ± 7.25, 43.8 ± 9.24 and 42.56 ± 8.71 respectively while weight was 62.41 ± 7.32, 63.63 ± 8.11 and 60.74 ± 6.92 respectively. There were 17 male and 13 female in group 1, 19 male and 11 female in group 2 and 16 male and 14 female in group 3. Attenuation of blood pressure was more in labetalol group. Reduction of heart rate in labetalol group was significant. It is seen that Labetalol was more effective at attenuation of diastolic blood pressure among all drugs. Mean arterial pressure was not much reduced lignocaine and esmolol group as compared to labetalol.
CONCLUSION: Haemodynamic alterations are usually observed during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. In our study it was found that as labetalol is a safe and effective drug, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response.
LOWER SEGMENT CESARIAN SECTION SURGICAL SITE INFECTION: RISK FACTOR AND MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY
Authors: Sinsinwar Dr. Dhan Singh , Gupta Dr. Ravi 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) delivery is a major obstetrical surgical procedure to save the lives of mothers and foetus. Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common reason about 20% to be unplanned admitted after discharging of the patient to their home. Various risk factors in SSI following LSCS has been identified which includes subcutaneous hematoma, subcutaneous hematoma, tobacco use in pregnancy, incision length > 16.6 cm , body mass index >30 or 35 kg/m2, prolonged second stage (compared with first stage) , no antibiotic prophylaxis, duration of labour >12 h , premature rupture of membranes , gestational diabetes, previous cesarean delivery and emergency delivery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 646 patients were included in the study of which 27 were diagnosed as SSI. Risk factor for SSI was divided into three categories: 1) host-related factors, 2) pregnancy and intrapartum-related factors, and 3) procedure-related factors. Purulent discharge was obtained from the surgical incision site 48 hours postoperatively with sterile disposable swabs. Blood sample for blood culture was collected when the possibility of septicemia or bacteremia as suggested by the presence of fever, shock, or other signs and symptoms of sepsis associated with the surgical wound. The bacterial isolates obtained were identified as per standard identification procedures in time microbiology laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms done as per protocol.
RESULTS: A total of 646 patients were included in the study of which 94 (14.55%) were diagnosed as SSI. mean age of patients who underwent LSCS was 24± 4.57 years. Of the 646 patients in 18 - 20 years 125 (19.3%),21-25 years 304 (47.1%), 26-30 years 189 (29.3%) and in > 30 years age group 28 (4.3%) cases were observed, of the total 94 SSI cases 11 (8.8%) were in the age group if 18 - 20 years, 39 (12.8%) were in the age group of 21-25 years, 32 (16.9%) were in 26-30 years age group and 12 (42.9%) were in the > 30 years age group. Acinetobacter spies was the commonest isolate 29(30.9%) followed by staphylococcus aureus 22 (23.4%), Escherichia coli 21 (22.3%) and Klebsiellapneumoniae. premature rupture of membrane (PROM), antibiotics given earlier than 2 hours and increased duration of stay in the hospital were found to be statistically significant. It was interpreted that PROM > 24 hrs is likely to increase the chances of infection. As the duration of hospital stay increases by 1 day, the chances of infection increase.
CONCLUSION: Identification, management and proper assessment of risk factors are necessary to in reduction of SSI rates. Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), antibiotics given earlier than 2 hours, BMI >25 and increased duration of stay in the hospital were associated with increased SSI rate.
TO ASSESS THE SPECTRUM OF LESIONS IN LYMPH NODES IN HEAD AND NECK REGION
Authors: Gandhi Dr. Bipin 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) delivery is a major obstetrical surgical procedure to save the lives of mothers and foetus. Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common reason about 20% to be unplanned admitted after discharging of the patient to their home. Various risk factors in SSI following LSCS has been identified which includes subcutaneous hematoma, subcutaneous hematoma, tobacco use in pregnancy, incision length > 16.6 cm , body mass index >30 or 35 kg/m2, prolonged second stage (compared with first stage) , no antibiotic prophylaxis, duration of labour >12 h , premature rupture of membranes , gestational diabetes, previous cesarean delivery and emergency delivery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 646 patients were included in the study of which 27 were diagnosed as SSI. Risk factor for SSI was divided into three categories: 1) host-related factors, 2) pregnancy and intrapartum-related factors, and 3) procedure-related factors. Purulent discharge was obtained from the surgical incision site 48 hours postoperatively with sterile disposable swabs. Blood sample for blood culture was collected when the possibility of septicemia or bacteremia as suggested by the presence of fever, shock, or other signs and symptoms of sepsis associated with the surgical wound. The bacterial isolates obtained were identified as per standard identification procedures in time microbiology laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms done as per protocol.
RESULTS: A total of 646 patients were included in the study of which 94 (14.55%) were diagnosed as SSI. mean age of patients who underwent LSCS was 24± 4.57 years. Of the 646 patients in 18 - 20 years 125 (19.3%),21-25 years 304 (47.1%), 26-30 years 189 (29.3%) and in > 30 years age group 28 (4.3%) cases were observed, of the total 94 SSI cases 11 (8.8%) were in the age group if 18 - 20 years, 39 (12.8%) were in the age group of 21-25 years, 32 (16.9%) were in 26-30 years age group and 12 (42.9%) were in the > 30 years age group. Acinetobacter spies was the commonest isolate 29(30.9%) followed by staphylococcus aureus 22 (23.4%), Escherichia coli 21 (22.3%) and Klebsiellapneumoniae. premature rupture of membrane (PROM), antibiotics given earlier than 2 hours and increased duration of stay in the hospital were found to be statistically significant. It was interpreted that PROM > 24 hrs is likely to increase the chances of infection. As the duration of hospital stay increases by 1 day, the chances of infection increase.
CONCLUSION: Identification, management and proper assessment of risk factors are necessary to in reduction of SSI rates. Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), antibiotics given earlier than 2 hours, BMI >25 and increased duration of stay in the hospital were associated with increased SSI rate.
EVALUATION OF PRIMARY EXTRANODAL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A RECORD BASE STUDY
Authors: Gandhi Dr. Bipin 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in head and neck have always been a diagnostic dilemma for a pathologist and a treating clinician. Being on the exposed part of body, they become cosmetically unacceptable. These include lesions arising from the regional group of lymph nodes. Most commonly lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. The diagnostic probability ranges from infections to developmental abnormalities, from inflammatory to malignant lesions. None the less all the lesions in lymph nodes of the head and neck region cannot be limited to a particular age group and gender. Routine staining procedures like PAP, Giemsa, Field and even H & E has been used to clinch the pathogenesis of the lesion. It can be said without any fear of contradiction that FNAC is certainly a very important tool for an early diagnosis of not only head and neck lesions but also other lesions elsewhere in the body.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a comparative study which was conducted in the department of pathology. The patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination according to the working proforma. Patients were subjected to FNAC after written informed concent. The slides were stained using PAP, Giemsa and H&E stain and examined for underlying pathology. A detailed gross examination was done and 3-15 sections were selected from the representative areas for routine paraffin sections.
RESULTS: Amongst the total of 296 patients aspirated, 127 were from Lymph Nodes of head and neck region. Cervicallymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Age wise tabulation shows maximum frequency of inflammatory lesions at younger age, of which reactive hyperplasia was more common in pediatric age group and tuberculous lesions were more common in 20-40years of age.
CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Reactive lymphadenitis is the most frequent diagnosis amongst the lymph node lesions and tuberculous lesions was the second most common diagnosis amongst all the lymph node lesions. 35 cases out of 127, as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Histopathology correlation could be done in 36 cases, of which 32 were found be correctly diagnosed in cytology.
SEPTOPLASTY AND BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Bansal Dr. Krishna Murari , Singh Dr. Prithvi Raj 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Nasal septum is the bone and cartilage of the nose that separates the nasal cavity into two passages the space between the septum and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity regulates airflow and respiration. Nasal septum deviation is one of the most frequent reasons for nasal obstruction presented with a reduction in nasal airflow and chronic mucosal irritation. Abnormal upper airway resistance can play a role in the development of hypertension. Effective management of hypertension decreases the risk of, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adults of both sexes with age range from 20–40 years, suffering from symptomatic nasal septal deviation and newly detected hypertension (mean BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), undergoing submucosal resection (SMR) of the deviated septum, were included in the study. Preoperative evaluation was done and detailed history was taken. asal septal deformities were classified according to the Dreher scale (0 = none i.e. no deviation, 1 = mild deviation i.e. deviation less than half of the total distance to the lateral wall, 2 = moderate deviation i.e. deviation greater than half of the total distance to the lateral wall but not touching it, 3 = severe deviation i.e. deviation touching the lateral wall). Compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy, when present, was noted. Hypertension was considered as controlled in patients who had a mean SBP <140 mm Hg and mean DBP <90 mm Hg on follow up, Patients in whom SBP was ≥140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥90 mm Hg, were considered as uncontrolled hypertensive and they were started on medical treatment for hypertension. Postoperatively, patients were followed up after 1 month, 3 months and at the end of 1 year.
RESULTS: Of the 50 patients included in the study 40 (80%) were male and 10(20%) were female. Mean age was 34 ± 4.56. Mild septal deviation was seen in 10(20%), moderate septal deviation was observed in 31 (62%) and severe septal deviation was seen in 9 (18%). Compensatory hypertrophy was observed in 11(22%) of cases. Mean preoperative SBP was 143.76 ± 2.78 mm Hg and mean DBP was 93 ± 1.55 mm Hg. Hypertension was controlled in 70 % of patients who showed a strongly significant (P < 0.001) decrease in BP about 10–12 mm Hg decrease in SBP and 4–5 mm Hg decrease in DBP.
CONCLUSION: Patients with hypertension and deviated nasal septum, surgical correction is always indicated as it helps in reducing the blood pressure and thereby prevent cardio-pulmonary and cardio vascular complications secondary to hypertension.
“INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION AND ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN EMERGENCY LAPAROTOMY PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE RURAL HOSPITAL”
Authors: Patil Dr. Rohit B , Parmeshwar Dr. Tushar M. , Gupta Dr. Dilip 
Published: November 2019

Background: Although initially recognized over 150 years ago, the patho-physiologic implications of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) have essentially been rediscovered only within the past two decades. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, morbidity and mortality of intra abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in emergency laparotomy patients in tertiary care rural hospital.
Method: IAP measurement was done in all patients undergoing emergency laparotomy with manometry technique (U tube technique) using per- urethral foley's catheterization.
Results: Our study population was a group of patients who underwent laparotomy for various indications which included traumatic as well as non-traumatic causes. In total, 104 patients, with 30 females and 74 males were included in the study population who fulfilled the study criteria. The mean ± SD age in our study were 40.2±13 years with 20-30yrs being the most common age group. Most of the studies on IAH and ACS analyse either trauma or ICU patients. Little has been reported on ACS in general surgical population. Our study population was a group of patients who underwent laparotomy for various indications which included traumatic as well as non traumatic causes, hence a predominance of general surgical patients.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that the incidence of ACS in our study is 3.84 % and found to be more common in trauma patients. There is significant association between increased Intra-abdominal pressure at 6 and 24 hours after laparotomy and organ dysfunction. The total mortality rate in ACS group was 75%. There is significant association between increased Intra-abdominal pressure and mortality.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CUCURBITACEAE MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Shivhare Yogesh , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: November 2019

Modern research tool for evaluation of plant drugs are available today but physicochemical method is the one simplest and reasonable method for the assessment of quality and purity of crude plant materials. With the aim of drawing the physicochemical parameters of Cucurbitaceae family, the present study deals with leaves of all the selected Coccinia indica, Momordica dioica, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Trichosanthes dioica medicinal plants. The Obtained information will be used for further help in identifying the crude drug as potent therapeutic agents and assist in standardization for excellence and clarity.
Keywords: Physicochemical, Ash, Cucurbitaceae, Leaves
SERANGGA dan PERANANNYA DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN dan KEHIDUPAN
Authors: Meilin Araz , . Nasamsir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe insect is a group of living thing that have the largest number of species. This article was compiled by aiming literature method studies at informing the negative and positive roles of insects in a farming and life. Some insects have a positive or negative role in agriculture and life. The negative role of insects in agriculture and life as cultivation plant, as a disease vector on the plant, and it cause humand being stickness. The positive role of insect is as pollinators, as a decomposer, as predators or parasitoids, as environment bioindikator, as the producer of the useful materials and beneficial in the field of health. Keywords: insects, vectors, natural enemies, pollinators, decomposer AbstrakSerangga merupakan kelompok makhluk hidup yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak. Tulisan ini disusun dari studi literatur dan bertujuan menginformasikan peran negatif dan positif serangga dalam bidang pertanian dan kehidupan. Beberapa anggota dari serangga memiliki peranan positif maupun negatif di bidang pertanian dan kehidupan. Peran negatif serangga dibidang pertanian dan kehidupan adalah sebagai pemakan tumbuhan budidaya, sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit pada tanaman, dan sebagai penyebab penyakit pada manusia. Peran positif serangga adalah sebagai polinator atau penyerbuk, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai predator atau parasitoid (musuh alami), sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan berguna dan bermanfaat dalam bidang kesehatan. Kata Kunci: serangga, vektor, musuh alami, polinator, dekomposer