bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Lithiophilic Ion‐Conduction Highways on Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Li+ Conductors
Authors: Cheng Zhangyuan , Xie Maoling , Mao Yayun , Ou Jianxin , Zhang Sijing , Zhao Zheng , Li Jinlin , Fu Fang , Wu Jihuai , Shen Yanbin , Lu Derong , Chen Hongwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe integration of highly conductive solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) into solid‐state cells is still a challenge mainly due to the high impedance existing at the electrolyte/electrode interface. Although solid‐state garnet‐based batteries have been successfully assembled with the assistance of an intermediate layer between the garnet and the Li metal anode, the slow discharging/charging rates of the batteries inhibits practical applications, which require much higher power densities. Here, a crystalline sulfonated‐covalent organic framework (COF) thin layer is grown on the garnet surface via a simple solution process. It not only significantly improves the lithiophilicity of garnet electrolytes via the lithiation of the COF layer with molten Li, but also creates effective Li+ diffusion “highways” between the garnet and the Li metal anode. As a result, the interfacial impedance of symmetric solid‐state Li cells is significantly decreased and the cells can be operated at high current densities up to 3 mA cm−2, which is difficult to achieve with current interfacial modification technologies for SSEs. The solid‐state Li‐ion batteries using LiFePO4 cathodes, Li anodes, and COF‐modified garnet electrolytes thus exhibit a significantly improved rate capability.
Phosphorene as Cathode Material for High‐Voltage, Anti‐Self‐Discharge Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Huang Zhaodong , Chen Ao , Mo Funian , Liang Guojin , Li Xinliang , Yang Qi , Guo Ying , Chen Ze , Li Qing , Dong Binbin , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOutput voltage and self‐discharge rate are two important performance indices for supercapacitors, which have long been overlooked, though these play a very significant role in their practical application. Here, a zinc anode is used to construct a zinc ion hybrid capacitor. Expanded operating voltage of the hybrid capacitor is obtained with novel electrolytes. In addition, significantly improved anti‐self‐discharge ability is achieved. The phosphorene‐based zinc ion capacitor exploiting a “water in salt” electrolyte with a working potential can reach 2.2 V, delivering 214.3 F g−1 after 5000 cycles. The operating voltage is further extended to 2.5 V through the use of an organic solvent as the electrolyte; the solvent is prepared by adding 0.2 m ZnCl2 into the tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate (Et4NBF4/PC) solvent, and it exhibits 105.9 F g−1 even after 9500 cycles. More importantly, the phosphorene‐based capacitors possess excellent anti‐self‐discharge performance. The capacitors retain 76.16% of capacitance after resting for 300 h. The practical application of the zinc ion capacitor is demonstrated through a flexible paper‐based printed microcapacitor. It is believed that the developed zinc ion capacitor can effectively resolve the severe self‐discharge problem of supercapacitors. Moreover, high‐voltage zinc ion capacitors provide more opportunities for the application of supercapacitors.
Computational fluid dynamics‐based optimization of dimpled steam cracking reactors for reduced CO2 emissions
Authors: Dedeyne Jens N. , Geerts Moreno , Reyniers Pieter A. , Wéry Florian , Van Geem Kevin M. , Marin Guy B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpherical dimples in cylindrical tubes enhance heat transfer and lead to a more uniform radial temperature profile. To combine these positive properties with a low pressure drop, a single dimple was optimized through a genetic algorithm. Multiple design parameters such as width, height, and curvature of the dimple were investigated. Heart‐shaped dimples outperformed spherical dimples. Three‐dimensional reactive simulations of a Millisecond propane steam cracking reactor showed that both the spherically dimpled and the heart‐shaped dimpled coil positively affect the light olefin selectivity, mainly through an increase in propylene selectivity. The optimized dimples could reduce the high pressure drop penalty by 21%. Run length simulations proved that the optimized dimple shape results in an additional run length extension of 18%. Next to this, the fuel rate consumption can be decreased by 6% compared to a bare coil, which could theoretically result in 4% less CO2 emissions.
Alcohol‐induced Wnt signaling inhibition during bone fracture healing is normalized by intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment
Authors: Kapania Esha M. , Reif Taylor J. , Tsumura Aaron , Eby Jonathan M. , Callaci John J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNearly half of orthopaedic trauma patients are intoxicated at the time of injury, and excess alcohol consumption increases the risk for fracture nonunion. Previous studies show alcohol disrupts fracture associated Wnt signaling required for normal bone fracture repair. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes bone growth through canonical Wnt signaling, however, no studies have investigated the effect of PTH on alcohol‐inhibited bone fracture repair. Male C57BL/6 mice received two‐3 day alcohol binges separated by 4 days before receiving a mid‐shaft tibia fracture. Postoperatively, mice received PTH daily until euthanasia. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was analyzed at 9 days post‐fracture. As previously observed, acute alcohol exposure resulted in a >2‐fold decrease in total and the active form of β‐catenin and a 2‐fold increase in inactive β‐catenin within the fracture callus. Intermittent PTH abrogated the effect of alcohol on β‐catenin within the fracture callus. Upstream of β‐catenin, alcohol‐treated animals had a 2‐fold decrease in total LRP6, the Wnt co‐receptor, which was restored with PTH treatment. Alcohol nor PTH had any significant effect on GSK‐3β. These data show that intermittent PTH following a tibia fracture restores normal expression of Wnt signaling proteins within the fracture callus of alcohol‐treated mice.
Chaotic Cyclotron and Hall Trajectories Due to Spin‐Orbit Coupling
Authors: Kirichenko Elena V. , Stephanovich Vladimir A. , Sherman Evgeny Ya. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the synergistic effect of a gauge field, Rashba spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), and Zeeman splitting can generate chaotic cyclotron and Hall trajectories of particles. The physical origin of the chaotic behavior is that the SOC produces a spin‐dependent (so‐called anomalous) contribution to the particle velocity and the presence of Zeeman field reduces the number of integrals of motion. By using analytical and numerical arguments, the conditions of chaos emergence are studied and the dynamics both in the regular and chaotic regimes is reported. The critical dependence of the dynamic patterns (such as the chaotic regime onset) on small variations in the initial conditions and problem parameters, that is the SOC and/or Zeeman constants, is observed. The transition to chaotic regime is further verified by the analysis of phase portraits as well as Lyapunov exponents spectrum. The considered chaotic behavior can occur in solid state systems, weakly relativistic plasmas, and cold atomic gases with synthetic gauge fields and spin‐related couplings.
Determination of diuretics in human urine using HPLC coupled with magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on a metal–organic framework
Authors: Liu Meng , Lv Bingqiang , Jiang Hailong , Yuan Pei , Zhu Huan , Gao Binghong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) employing a metal–organic framework (Fe3O4@UiO‐66‐OH) combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of trace diuretics in urine. The structure and properties of Fe3O4@UiO‐66‐OH were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Magnetic solid‐phase extraction conditions, such as adsorbent amount and solution pH, were optimized using response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions, the method resulted in excellent linearity with a high correlation coefficient (r > 0.99), satisfactory intraday repeatability (1.78–2.99%), low limits of detection (0.08–0.23 ng/ml), and good recoveries in urine samples (between 93.5 and 103%). Fe3O4@UiO‐66‐OH based on MSPE is a novel pretreatment technique for the detection of trace diuretics in urine.
Indefinite detention or supervision for public protection when a life sentence is not available: Pathway outcomes among prisoners in one region
Authors: Crosswaite Sophie , Freestone Mark , Ramsden Jo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndeterminate sentences for Public Protection (IPPs) were introduced in England and Wales under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 for offenders not eligible for a life sentence but considered to pose a serious risk to the public. In 2012, new IPPs became illegal, in part after the European Court of Human Rights ruled in three cases that failure to make appropriate provision for rehabilitation services while the men were in prison breached their rights under Article 5 of the Convention and thus from arbitrary detention. People already sentenced under this provision, however, remained in the system. Humberside Indeterminate Public Protection Project (HIPPP) supports intensive case management of male IPP offenders still serving this sentence.AimsTo examine variables associated with pathway outcome among men under IPPs in one English region—Humberside. Our primary hypothesis was that programme engagement in prison would be significantly associated with release.MethodsThe HM Prison and Probation Services National Delius (nDelius) and Offender Assessment System (OASys) were used to identify all men from the region subject to IPPs and beyond tariff (the fixed, punishment part of their sentence) and to retrieve data on the sentence, pathway status and specific risk factors. We used content analysis to identify variables of interest, and logistic regression models to explore associations of variables with different types of pathway outcome.ResultsA total of 82 men were identified, 34 of whom had ever been recorded as having been given a diagnosis of anti‐social personality disorder (ASPD). Men experiencing relationship difficulties with professionals were significantly more likely to be denied release [Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.75, Confidence Interval (CI) 2.08–28.57], have a deferred parole (OR = 7.81, CI 1.59–38.46) or be awaiting parole (OR = 4.46, CI 1.09–18.18) compared with men released to the community or serving in an open prison. Completion of programmes was not associated with pathway outcome. A modest association between diagnosis of anti‐social personality disorder and pathway outcome association was confounded by other variables.Conclusions and Implications for PracticeWhile programme completion did not have the expected association with release, relational difficulties with professionals proved significant barriers to release. This suggests that ambitions for the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway in supporting professionals to develop collaborative relationships with offenders are well founded. Part of this approach lies in sophisticated, psychologically informed case formulations which may help to discriminate between risk factors and personality disorder traits which have social rather than risk implications.
Superior vena cava filter placement over existing central venous lines: Is line removal necessary?
Authors: Lopera Jorge E. , Jen Serena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical safety of superior vena cava (SVC) filter placement over preexisting central venous lines (CVLs) in 23 patients who had upper extremity deep venous thrombosis with contraindications to anticoagulation.MethodsA retrospective review of the images and electronic medical records of 23 patients from 2008 to 2018 with SVC filters placed over an existing central venous line was performed in a single tertiary medical center. Twenty‐one filters were placed over smaller lines (<8 Fr), and two were placed over hemodialysis catheters. Venograms before and after filter placement were compared to detect any evidence of line displacement or entrapment. Medical records were reviewed to determine whether there was any difficulty during line removal.ResultsIn two of five patients with dual lines, significant line displacement was noted in the left‐sided lines, both lines were later removed without complications. In one patient with a hemodialysis catheter, the filter was deployed over the tip of the catheter resulting in the entrapment of one of the legs of the filter within a side hole of the line. Fourteen patients had their lines later removed 3 days to 3 months after filter placement without reported problems. Nine patients had their CVLs left in place until the patient's death or discharge to a long‐term facility.ConclusionsSVC filter placement over preexisting CVLs seems to be technically feasible and clinically safe in patients with <8‐Fr CVLs. However, placement of the filters over hemodialysis catheters can result in leg entrapment.
Shockwave intravascular lithoplasty for the treatment of calcified carotid artery stenosis: A very early single‐center experience
Authors: Vadalà Giuseppe , Galassi Alfredo Ruggero , Nerla Roberto , Micari Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndovascular treatment of calcified carotid disease represents one of the main challenges for the interventionalists. Plaque calcium load is one of the most important factors affecting the risk of procedural complications. A new tool called Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy (S‐IVL; Shockwave Medical, Inc.) has been recently approved for the treatment of heavily calcified coronary and lower limb arteries but minimal data exist about the treatment of carotid arteries. We report our early experience of carotid stenting using S‐IVL. We report two cases of symptomatic patients with severely calcified carotid artery diseases who were turned down for vascular surgeries. The first case was successfully performed through radial access using a distal cerebral embolic protection device in the context of contralateral carotid occlusion. In the second case, a very tight and calcified left internal carotid artery stenosis was successfully treated through femoral access using a proximal cerebral protection device. In both cases, advanced imaging confirmed effective calcium debulking and good stent expansion after IVL treatment. S‐IVL effectiveness basically resides in integrating the effect of balloon angioplasty with the calcium‐disrupting power of sonic pressure waves. This could be able to minimize the risk of cerebral embolization due to aggressive conventional balloon predilatation or poststenting dilatation usually needed to obtain an adequate luminal gain in carotid stenting. According to our small case series, the use of S‐IVL for the treatment of heavily calcified carotid artery lesions seems to be helpful in this particular setting.
Biological Pincer Complexes
Authors: Nevarez Jorge L. , Turmo Aiko , Hu Jian , Hausinger Robert P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt least two types of pincer complexes are known to exist in biology. A metal‐pyrroloquinolone quinone (PQQ) cofactor was first identified in bacterial methanol dehydrogenase, and later also found in selected short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenases of other microorganisms. The PQQ‐associated metal can be calcium, magnesium, or a rare earth element depending on the enzyme sequence. Synthesis of this organic ligand requires a series of accessory proteins acting on a small peptide, PqqA. Binding of metal to PQQ yields an ONO‐type pincer complex. More recently, a nickel‐pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor was discovered in lactate racemase, LarA. This cofactor derives from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide via action of a carboxylase/hydrolase, sulfur transferase, and nickel insertase, resulting in an SCS‐type pincer complex. The NPN cofactor likely occurs in selected other racemases and epimerases of bacteria, archaea, and a few eukaryotes.
‘Surface Contrast’ NMR Reveals Non‐innocent Role of Support in Pd/CeO2 Catalyzed Phenol Hydrogenation
Authors: Egner Timothy K. , Naik Pranjali , An Yeongseo , Venkatesh Amrit , Rossini Aaron J. , Slowing Igor I. , Venditti Vincenzo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCeria (CeO2)‐supported metals are widely used as catalysts because of their exceptional redox properties. Here, we use surface contrast NMR methods to investigate the hydrogenation of phenol by Pd supported on ceria nanoparticles. We show that the rigid and planar binding of phenol to Pd is mediated by a weak and highly mobile association of the small molecule to ceria. Interestingly, while addition of phosphate to the mixture does not perturb the adsorption of phenol on Pd, it destabilizes its interaction with ceria and proportionally decreases the rate of catalytic conversion. Our data provide strong experimental evidence that weak interactions between adsorbate and ceria are catalytically competent and explain the exceptional performance of Pd/CeO2 for reductive conversions under mild reaction conditions.
Ternary Blends of Renewable Fast Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil, Advanced Bioethanol, and Marine Gasoil as Potential Marine Biofuel
Authors: Galindo Rosana Fatima , Barbosa Cortez Luis Antonio , Teixeira Franco Telma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn alternative for reducing emissions from marine fuel is to blend bio‐oil from lignocellulose non‐edible feedstocks to diesel fossil fuels. Phase diagrams of the ternary systems were built to represent the transition from heterogeneous regions to homogeneous regions. Four homogeneous blends of bio‐oil of eucalyptus‐bioethanol‐marine gasoil were experimentally characterized with respect to the most important fuel parameters for marine engines: water content, flash point, low heating value, viscosity, and acidity. Blends with closer properties to marine gasoil replacement, lower costs, and environmental impacts should be tested for large engines.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Bischromophoric Cyanostilbene‐Derived Homochiral Nanostructures in Solution
Authors: Sarkar Souvik , Narayan Bhawani , George Subi J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we present the self‐assembly and chiroptical properties of enantiomeric bischromophoric molecules consisting oftrans‐(1,2)‐cyclohexanediamide as the chiral core and cyanostilbene derivative as the fluorescent chromophores. These enantiomers form diverse organic nanostructures, such as vesicles and two‐dimensional sheets, in non‐polar solvents, exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a remarkable luminescence dissymmetry factor, |glum|, in solution. Detailed spectroscopic probing reveals the formation of supramolecular conglomerate assemblies from its racemic mixture of monomers due to the chirality mismatch of the core.
Highly Stretchable Polymer Binder Engineered with Polysaccharides for Silicon Microparticles as High‐Performance Anodes
Authors: Wen Yanfen , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSilicon has been considered as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries owing to its extraordinarily high capacity. However, the huge volume expansion during cycling results in severe pulverization and disintegration of active materials, especially when the particle size is in microscale. This challenge can be addressed by highly stretchable polymer binders engineered with helical polysaccharides. The elaborately designed binder presents excellent stretchability and adhesive property, which can buffer the strain caused by the large volume change and coalesce the pulverized silicon fragments without disintegration. As a result, the microsized silicon electrode exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.8 % and excellent cycling stability for 300 cycles. Importantly, when paired with a commercial LiCoO2 cathode, the full cell manifests a high areal capacity of 3.02 mAh cm−2 and superior stability for 100 cycles. Our contribution paves the way to the practical application of microsized silicon for lithium‐ion batteries.
Summer aridity rather than management shapes fitness‐related functional traits of the threatened mountain plant Arnica montana
Authors: Stanik Nils , Lampei Christian , Rosenthal Gert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSemi‐natural mountain grasslands are increasingly exposed to environmental stress under climate change. However, which are the environmental factors that limit plants in these grasslands? Also, is the present management effective against these changes? Fitness‐related functional traits may offer a way to detect changes in performance and provide new insights into their vulnerability to climate change. We investigated changes in performance and variability of functional traits of the mountain grassland target species Arnica montana along a climate gradient in Central German low mountain ranges. This gradient represents at its lower end climate conditions that are expected at its upper end under future climate change. We measured vegetative, generative, and physiological traits to account for multiple ways of plant responses to the environment. Using mixed effects and multivariate models, we evaluated changes in trait values among individuals as well as the variability of their populations in order to assess performance under changing summer aridity and different management regimes. Fitness‐related performance of most traits showed strongly positive associations with reduced summer aridity at higher elevations, while only specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content showed no association. This suggests a higher performance level at less arid montane sites and that the physiological traits are less sensitive to this climate change factor. The coefficient of variation of almost all traits declined steadily with decreasing site aridity. We suggest that this reduced variability indicates a lower environmental stress level for A. montana toward its environmental optimum at montane elevations, especially because the trait performance increased simultaneously. Surprisingly, management factors and habitat characteristics had only low influence on both trait performance and variability. In summary, summer aridity had a stronger effect to shape the trait performance and variability of A. montana under increased environmental stress than management and other habitat characteristics.