bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of SARS‐CoV‐2 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Anirudhan Varada , Du Ruikun , Cui Qinghua , Rong Lijun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), named coronavirus disease 2019, has infected more than 8.9 million people worldwide. This calls for urgent effective therapeutic measures. RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity in viral transcription and replication has been recognized as an attractive target to design novel antiviral strategies. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 shares less genetic similarity with SARS‐CoV (~79%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (~50%), the respective RdRps of the three coronaviruses are highly conserved, suggesting that RdRp is a good broad‐spectrum antiviral target for coronaviruses. In this review, we discuss the antiviral potential of RdRp inhibitors (mainly nucleoside analogs) with an aim to provide a comprehensive account of drug discovery on SARS‐CoV‐2.
Perceptions of opioid use and prescribing habits in oncologic surgery: A survey of the society of surgical oncology membership
Authors: Lillemoe Heather A. , Newhook Timothy E. , Aloia Thomas A. , Grubbs Elizabeth G. , Chang George J. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Lee Jeffrey E. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess current perceptions surrounding opioid prescribing in surgical oncology to inform perioperative quality improvement initiatives.MethodsAfter the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) approval, a survey was distributed to its membership. Five sample procedures were used to assess provider perceptions and prescribing habits. Data were summarized and compared by self‐reported demographics.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐five participants completed the survey: 149 (85%) faculty, 24 (14%) trainees, and 2 (1%) advanced practice providers. Most participants (76%) practiced in academic programs and 21% practiced in non‐US locations. Few differences were identified based on clinical role, academic rank, or practice years. Compared with non‐US providers, US providers expected higher pain scores at discharge, recommended greater opioid prescriptions, and estimated more days of opioid use for almost every procedure. More non‐US providers believed discharge opioids should not be distributed to patients who are opioid‐free in their last 24 inpatient hours (80% vs 50%, P = .001). All providers ranked education as “very important” for reducing opioid prescriptions.ConclusionsCompared with their international counterparts, US surgical oncology providers expected greater opioid needs and recommended higher prescription numbers. Educating providers on multimodal opioid‐sparing bundles, accelerated weaning protocols, and standardized discharge prescribing habits could have a positive impact the US opioid epidemic.
Free‐breathing self‐gated 4D lung MRI using wave‐CAIPI
Authors: Richter Julian A. J. , Wech Tobias , Weng Andreas M. , Stich Manuel , Weick Stefan , Breuer Kathrin , Bley Thorsten A. , Köstler Herbert 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the wave‐CAIPI (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) trajectory to the Cartesian sampling for accelerated free‐breathing 4D lung MRI.MethodsThe wave‐CAIPI k‐space trajectory was implemented in a respiratory self‐gated 3D spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence. Trajectory correction applying the gradient system transfer function was used, and images were reconstructed using an iterative conjugate gradient SENSE (CG SENSE) algorithm. Five healthy volunteers and one patient with squamous cell carcinoma in the lung were examined on a clinical 3T scanner, using both sampling schemes. For quantitative comparison of wave‐CAIPI and standard Cartesian imaging, the normalized mutual information and the RMS error between retrospectively accelerated acquisitions and their respective references were calculated. The SNR ratios were investigated in a phantom study.ResultsThe obtained normalized mutual information values indicate a lower information loss due to acceleration for the wave‐CAIPI approach. Average normalized mutual information values of the wave‐CAIPI acquisitions were 10% higher, compared with Cartesian sampling. Furthermore, the RMS error of the wave‐CAIPI technique was lower by 19% and the SNR was higher by 14%. Especially for short acquisition times (down to 1 minute), the undersampled Cartesian images showed an increased artifact level, compared with wave‐CAIPI.ConclusionThe application of the wave‐CAIPI technique to 4D lung MRI reduces undersampling artifacts, in comparison to a Cartesian acquisition of the same scan time. The benefit of wave‐CAIPI sampling can therefore be traded for shorter examinations, or enhancing image quality of undersampled 4D lung acquisitions, keeping the scan time constant.
The effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of blend‐based polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail , Amiri Yashar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of the blend‐based polymer nanocomposites were investigated using both experimental and analytical methods. The experimental stage included the evaluation of the effects of the nanoparticle content on the aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon using TEM images. However, the analytical approach was used to study the mechanical properties of the system and also predict its tensile strength considering the effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles, as compatibilizers, at the polymer/polymer interface. It was found that even in those systems containing very low content of Janus nanoparticles (eg, 0.25 wt%), the aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon was inevitable and drastically affected the mechanical properties of the interface region. According to the result, the best compatibilizing performance of Janus nanoparticles was achieved in the case of their monolayer arrangement at the interface. The specific nanoparticles used in this study were first synthesized using a desymmetrization process and then added to the PS/PMMA blend via solution mixing. All of the prepared samples were subjected to the TEM and tensile test, and then, results were then precisely evaluated.
The effect of radiation curing on mechanical joints prepared from carbon nanotubes added carbon/epoxy laminates
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Saini Jaswinder Singh , Bhunia Haripada , Chowdhury Subhendu Ray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe fiber reinforced polymer composite materials used in industries are prepared by different curing techniques. Radiation curing is one such technique with numerous advantages. This study is related to the evaluation of load bearing capacity of the radiation cured carbon/epoxy composite pin joints with and without the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The different compositions that is, 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% of MWCNT was added in the epoxy resin. The 0.3 wt% of MWCNT showed maximum strength values because of improved interfacial bond strength and the efficient stress transfer between the stiff MWCNT and soft polymer matrix through refined polymer/MWCNT interface. The single pin joint configurations were prepared using different geometric combinations of width to diameter and edge to diameter ratios, ranged from 2 to 5. The progressive failure analysis was done using Hashin damage criteria, to compare the predicted failure loads with the experimentally obtained results.
Retardation effect of nanohydroxyapatite on the hydrolytic degradation of poly (lactic acid)
Authors: Watai Juliana Satie , Calvão Patrícia Schmid , Rigolin Talita Rocha , Bettini Silvia Helena do Prado , Souza Adriana Martinelli Catelli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, containing 2 wt% and 5 wt% of nHA were subjected to in vitro hydrolytic degradation tests in saline phosphate solution at different temperatures (37°C, 48°C, 60°C, and 72°C) to accelerate degradation. Samples were characterized by water uptake, weight loss tests, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and visual analyses. Arrhenius equation was used to describe the behavior of weight loss as a function of time. The PLA activation energy of weight loss showed to be lower than that of the PLA/nHA composites, indicating that the incorporation of nHA retarded the hydrolytic degradation. The rate and percentage of weight loss increased with increasing temperature. All samples presented a decrease inTgand an increase in degree of crystallinity as a function of time. Incorporation of nHA retarded this behavior that showed to be more expressive in PLA containing 5 wt% nHA.
Why and how to adapt PID testing for bifacial PV modules?
Authors: Carolus Jorne , Breugelmans Robbe , Tsanakas John A. , van der Heide Arvid , Voroshazi Eszter , De Ceuninck Ward , Daenen Michaël 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent research has shown that bifacial PV modules with a glass/glass packaging are prone to different PID mechanisms occurring simultaneously on the front and the rear side of the solar cell. With this in mind, researchers investigating the impact of PID on each side of the bifacial solar cell separately apply PID stress to one side of bifacial PV modules according to stress method (b) as described in the IEC TS 62804‐1, that is, contacting the surface with a conductive electrode. Yet, in this paper, we show that such practice of PID testing might result in an unintended development of an electric field between the environmental chamber and the nonstressed side of the solar cell. Through our experimental study, we reveal that this electric field results in unintended bifacial PID stress of bifacial solar cells, which goes along with misleading interpretations of the evolving PID mechanisms and susceptibility of bifacial PV modules. Next to the methodology concerns, we discuss three possible solutions to prevent such unintended PID mechanisms from occurring.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the mechanisms of overwintering diapause in soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella)
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Wang Zhanchun , Wang Rui , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Mingyue , Xin Junjie , Qin Yushi , Zhang Chuan , Meng Fanli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) is an important soybean pest in north‐eastern Asia, whose mature larvae overwinter in a diapause state. Disruption of winter diapause may be a valuable tool in pest management. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating diapause in this species have not yet been elucidated.RESULTSWe compared the transcriptomes and proteomes between diapause and mature larvae and between mature and newly developed pupae to identify the genes and proteins associated with diapause. Thirty‐seven differentially expressed genes and their proteins changed synchronously between diapause and mature larvae and 82 changed synchronously between diapause larvae and newly developed pupae. Among these, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and the longevity regulating pathway were up‐regulated in diapause larvae and down‐regulated in newly developed pupae, suggesting that they may regulate diapause. One fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene and two small heat shock genes (HSP19.8 and HSP18.9) were chosen for further functional analysis. After RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of FAS, the survival of mature larvae was significantly lower than that of control larvae, but the mean developmental time from first‐instar larva to adult remained unchanged. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of HSP19.8 and HSP18.9 severely shortened the mean developmental time, causing approximately 50% larvae to develop directly into pupae.CONCLUSIONFAS and the small heat shock gene play roles in diapause regulation and larvae survival. This study provides important information that may assist in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of overwintering diapause of this important agricultural insect pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Vibration suppression for monopile and spar‐buoy offshore wind turbines using the structure‐immittance approach
Authors: Li Yi‐Yuan , Park Semyung , Jiang Jason Zheng , Lackner Matthew , Neild Simon , Ward Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOffshore wind turbines have the potential to capture the high‐quality wind resource. However, the significant wind and wave excitations may result in excessive vibrations and decreased reliability. To reduce vibrations, passive structural control devices, such as the tuned mass damper (TMD), have been used. To further enhance the vibration suppression capability, inerter‐based absorbers (IBAs) have been studied using the structure‐based approach, that is, proposing specific stiffness‐damping‐inertance elements layouts for investigation. Such an approach has a critical limitation of being only able to cover specific IBA layouts, leaving numerous beneficial configurations not identified. This paper adopts the newly introduced structure‐immittance approach, which is able to cover all network layout possibilities with a predetermined number of elements. Linear monopile and spar‐buoy turbine models are first established for optimisation. Results show that the performance improvements can be up to 6.5% and 7.3% with four and six elements, respectively, compared with the TMD. Moreover, a complete set of beneficial IBA layouts with explicit element types and numbers have been obtained, which is essential for next‐step real‐life applications. In order to verify the effectiveness of the identified absorbers with OpenFAST, an approach has been established to integrate any IBA transfer functions. It has been shown that the performance benefits preserve under both the fatigue limit state (FLS) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). Furthermore, results show that the mass component of the optimum IBAs can be reduced by up to 25.1% (7,486 kg) to achieve the same performance as the TMD.
Surface defects from fractional branes. Part I
Authors: Ashok S.K. , Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Mahato S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We show that the Gukov-Witten monodromy defects of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory can be realized in perturbative string theory by considering an orbifold background of the Kanno-Tachikawa type and placing stacks of fractional D3-branes whose world-volume partially extends along the orbifold directions. In particular, we show that turning on a constant background value for some scalar fields in the closed string twisted sectors induces a non-trivial profile for the gauge field and one of the complex scalars of the world-volume theory, and that this profile exactly matches the singular behavior that one expects for a Gukov-Witten surface defect in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. To keep the presentation as simple as possible, in this work we restrict our analysis to surface defects corresponding to a ℤ2 orbifold and defer the study of the most general case to a companion paper.
Seuchengeschichte in der deutschsprachigen Urologie
Authors: Moll F. H. , Halling T. , Griemmert M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungPandemische Erkrankungen haben für viele Gebiete der Medizin Relevanz, von Mikrobiologie über die Epidemiologie bis zur Krankenhausökonomie und die einzelnen medizinischen Teilgebiete. In der sich im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelnden Disziplin Urologie wirkten die pandemische Erkrankung Tuberkulose, sowie die Geschlechtskrankheiten gar fachkonstituierend. Bei Letzteren variierte jedoch häufig die Zuordnung bei der Entwicklung des Krankenhauses im 19. Jahrhundert durch die Differenzierung der „äußeren Klinik“ in die Fächer Chirurgie, Venerodermatologie und Urologie.
Disease progression but not physical state per se determines mental wellbeing in ALS
Authors: Vázquez Medrano Cynthia R. , Aho-Özhan Helena E. A. , Weiland Ulrike , Uttner Ingo , Ludolph Albert C. , Lulé Dorothée 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies provide inconclusive results on the question whether loss of mental wellbeing is actually associated with decline in physical function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of mental wellbeing in ALS.

Methods
In total, n = 330 ALS patients were interviewed on parameters of mental wellbeing to evaluate the patients’ capacity of psychosocial adaptation. These parameters were global and subjective quality of life (QoL), and depressiveness. A subsample of n = 82 ALS patients were interviewed again within approximately a year (mean 14.34 ± 5.53 months).

Results
Both global and subjective QoL were stable, whereas depressiveness increased within the course of 1 year after diagnosis. Physical function decline was associated with mental wellbeing. Progression of physical disabilities and symptom duration were significant predictors of wellbeing in the sense that fast progression and short time since symptom onset (both indicating short time to adapt) were associated with low wellbeing.

Conclusions
There is evidence for subsamples in ALS with regard to mental wellbeing, which are mainly determined by clinical parameters. Those subjects being reported in the literature to present with high mental wellbeing are often long survivors. High progression rate and low physical function when attending the clinic for the first time should be red flags and need special attention in clinical counseling.
The specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine blunts costunolide-induced eryptosis
Authors: Ghashghaeinia Mehrdad , Koralkova Pavla , Giustarini Daniela , Mojzikova Renata , Fehrenbacher Birgit , Dreischer Peter , Schaller Martin , Mrowietz Ulrich , Martínez-Ruiz Antonio , Wieder Thomas , Divoky Vladimir , Rossi Ranieri , Lang Florian , Köberle Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCostunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has multiple pharmacological activities such as neuroprotection or induction of apoptosis and eryptosis. However, the effects of costunolide on pro-survival factors and enzymes in human erythrocytes, e.g. glutathione and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) respectively, have not been studied yet. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms underlying costunolide-induced eryptosis and to reverse this process. Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography. The oxidized status of intracellular glutathione and enzyme activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Treatment of erythrocytes with costunolide dose-dependently enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, decreased the cell volume, depleted [GSH]i and completely inhibited G6PDH activity. The effects of costunolide on annexin-V-binding and cell volume were significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with the specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine. The latter, however, had no effect on costunolide-induced GSH depletion. Costunolide induces eryptosis, depletes [GSH]i and inactivates G6PDH activity. Furthermore, our study reveals an inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on costunolide-induced eryptosis, indicating a relationship between costunolide and PKC-α. In addition, chelerythrine acts independently of the GSH depletion. Understanding the mechanisms of G6PDH inhibition accompanied by GSH depletion should be useful for development of anti-malarial therapeutic strategies or for synthetic lethality-based approaches to escalate oxidative stress in cancer cells for their sensitization to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
When Average Joe met the Inexperienced Superstar—a case study of the consequences for a university of a partnership with IKEA
Authors: Perez Vico Eugenia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore how consequences from a university-wide partnership unfolded at various levels within a university and induced intra-organizational dynamics. This was achieved via an in-depth investigation of “The Bridge,” a collaborative partnership between the young mid-range Swedish Linnaeus University (“Average Joe”) and the home furnishing retail giant IKEA, which despite its global reach has only limited research capacity (the “Inexperienced Superstar”). Based on previous research that conceptualizes consequences of collaborations as changes in wide-ranging resource categories over time, this article develops a conceptual framework that advances the understanding of the consequences of collaborative efforts at both the level of faculty individuals and groups, as well as on a university-wide level. The study identified both differences and similarities between the two levels related to material, knowledge, and social resource mobilization, and revealed consequent tensions within the university due to an imbalance in material resource mobilization and social resource mobilization. The resource-based multi-level perspective that this study puts forward enables a more fine-grained and dynamic understanding of the conditions for undertaking and organizing university-wide long-term collaborative efforts.
Digital signatures: a tool to prevent and predict dishonesty?
Authors: Koning Luka , Junger Marianne , van Hoof Joris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDishonesty is prevalent and causes great damage to society. On an individual level, besides reaping rewards, it also carries a psychological cost for those who engage in it. This principle is used to make people more honest with behavioral interventions, one of them being the well-known ‘signature nudge’. Digital transition in society has however led to changes in the way people sign, which may affect the effectiveness of this nudge. In two experiments, the current study investigates the relationship between digital signatures and honesty, building on previous research by examining novel signature types, the moderating role of personal characteristics, effect decay, and the predicting value of digital signature characteristics. Results show no effect of any signature intervention and no unilateral relation between digital signature characteristics and subsequent behavior. These findings contrast with earlier research and cast doubt on the use of signature interventions as a tool to prevent or predict dishonest behavior.
The Influence of the Silicon Content on the Formation of Fe23B6 Metastable Phases in Fe65Co11−xB20SixZr2Hf2 Bulk Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Nabiałek Marcin , Jeż Bartłomiej , Błoch Katarzyna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of addition of a small quantity of Si on the formation of nanocrystalline structure in rapidly cooled Fe-Co-B alloys. As part of the work, the following alloys were produced using a method involving the forcing of each respective liquid alloy into a copper mold: Fe65Co11−x
B20Si
x
Zr2Hf2 (where: x = 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1). Analysis of recorded X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that a nanocrystalline structure was obtained in the alloys. The intensity of the diffraction reflections was found to change with changing Si content. The Fe23B6 crystalline phase was present in the volume of each alloy. This phase has soft magnetic properties. The presence of the Fe23B6 phase was confirmed by measurements of the magnetic polarization of saturation as a function of temperature.