bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untethered quadrupedal hopping and bounding on a trampoline
Authors: Wang Boxing , Zhou Chunlin , Duan Ziheng , Zhu Qichao , Wu Jun , Xiong Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor quadruped robots with springy legs, a successful jump usually requires both suitable elastic parts and well-designed control algorithms. However, these two problems are mutually restricted and hard to solve at the same time. In this study, we attempt to solve the problem of controller design with the help of a robot without any elastic mounted parts, in which the untethered robot is made to jump on a trampoline. The differences between jumping on hard surfaces with springy legs and jumping on springy surfaces with rigid legs are briefly discussed. An intuitive control law is proposed to balance foot contact forces; in this manner, excessive pitch oscillation during hopping or bounding can be avoided. Hopping height is controlled by tuning the time delay of the leg stretch. Together with other motion generators based on kinematic law, the robot can perform translational and rotational movements while hopping or bounding on the trampoline. Experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework.
Encapsulation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with tetraethyl orthosilicate for CO2 capture
Authors: Rama Sidra , Zhang Yan , Tchuenbou-Magaia Fideline , Ding Yulong , Li Yongliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon capture is widely recognised as an essential strategy to meet global goals for climate protection. Although various CO2 capture technologies including absorption, adsorption and membrane exist, they are not yet mature for post-combustion power plants mainly due to high energy penalty. Hence researchers are concentrating on developing non-aqueous solvents like ionic liquids, CO2-binding organic liquids, nanoparticle hybrid materials and microencapsulated sorbents to minimize the energy consumption for carbon capture. This research aims to develop a novel and efficient approach by encapsulating sorbents to capture CO2 in a cold environment. The conventional emulsion technique was selected for the microcapsule formulation by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as the core sorbent and silicon dioxide as the shell. This paper reports the findings on the formulated microcapsules including key formulation parameters, microstructure, size distribution and thermal cycling stability. Furthermore, the effects of microcapsule quality and absorption temperature on the CO2 loading capacity of the microcapsules were investigated using a self-developed pressure decay method. The preliminary results have shown that the AMP microcapsules are promising to replace conventional sorbents.
Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Levet Sandrine , Charvet B. , Bertin A. , Deschaumes A. , Perron H. , Hober D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression.

Recent Findings
The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells.

Summary
The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
Self-Care and Pathophysiological Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kessing Dionne , Denollet Johan , Widdershoven Jos , Kupper Nina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Self-care is assumed to benefit physiological function associated with prognosis in patients with chronic HF, but studies examining these relations are lacking. This study aims to prospectively examine the association of self-reported HF self-care with HF-associated pathophysiological markers, including renal, hematological, and immune function.

Method
Patients with chronic HF (n = 460, 66.2 ± 9.6 years, 75% men) completed questionnaires and provided blood samples at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Linear mixed models examined random intercept and fixed between- and within-subjects effects of global self-care and the individual self-care behaviors on log-transformed TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, the glomerular filtration rate of creatinine (GFRcreat), and hemoglobin (Hb), controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.

Results
Self-care was independently associated with lower GFRcreat levels (β = − .14, P = .023) and improvement in self-care with a reduction in GFRcreat (β = − .03, P = .042). Individual self-care behaviors were differentially associated with renal, inflammatory, and hematological markers. Regular exercise was associated with level differences in IL-6 (P < .001), and improvement in exercise was associated with increasing GFRcreat (P = .002) and increasing Hb (P = .010). Fluid restriction was associated with lower overall GFRcreat (P = .006), and improvement in fluid restriction was associated with decreasing GFRcreat (P = .014). Low-sodium intake was associated with lower levels of Hb (P = .027), lower TNF-alpha (P = .011), and lower IL-10 (P = .029). Higher levels of medication adherence were associated with reduced pro-inflammatory activation (P < .007).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that better global self-care was associated with poorer renal function. Performing self-care behaviors such as regular exercise and medication adherence was associated with improved physiological functioning, while restriction of fluid and sodium, and the associated daily weight monitoring were associated with adverse levels of pathophysiological biomarkers.
The Missing Metric: An Evaluation of Fungal Importance in Wetland Assessments
Authors: Onufrak Aaron , Rúa Megan A. , Hossler Katie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo preserve wetland ecosystem function, federal and state agencies have developed assessment procedures to better manage remaining wetland areas. Currently, wetland assessments do not consider microorganisms when determining wetland quality. This is notable, because fungi are often the primary decomposers of organic material and thus important players in nutrient cycling. The objective of this study is to quantify how wetland quality, as measured using the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM), relates to fungal community composition. We sampled soils from six depressional emergent marshes in Ohio belonging to each of the three ORAM quality categories, assessed soil physicochemical properties, and recovered fungal DNA. We then determined if wetland quality as expressed by the ORAM reflects soil health. Our results indicate that ORAM scoring methodology significantly explains differences in fungal community composition between wetlands. We also found that soil physicochemical properties not currently included in the ORAM are strong drivers of fungal community composition, particularly bulk density, pH, soil organic matter, and soil moisture. Overall, our results suggest fungal community composition reflects wetland quality as assessed by the ORAM, and that the ORAM and potentially other wetland assessments could better capture the soil environment by including easily measured soil physicochemical properties.
Promotion of maize growth by a yellow morel, Morchella crassipes
Authors: Phanpadith Phonepaserd , Yu Zhongdong , Yu Dan , Phongsavath Sitthixay , Shen Kuocheng , Zheng Wei , Phommakoun Buangurn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFungal species of morel (genus Morchella) have recently been found to form a symbiotic relationship with grasses. Our previous study documented that M. crassipes from Shaanxi, northwest China, increased growth of sweet corn Zea mays var. saccharata and suppressed Fusarium infections. In the present study, we examined the effect of M. crassipes inoculation on dent corn, Zea mays var. indentata cv. Plant growth response indexes and variables and soil variables were used to demonstrate how M. crassipes inoculation stimulates maize growth. Three suspensions of M. crassipes mycelium (50, 100, 150 mL) were inoculated into Zea may var. indentata. The results showed that M. crassipes inoculation significantly affected growth of all the inoculated maize plants and influenced some variables and indexes that are related to tissue specificity and dose dependence. Soil moisture, available K and P accumulation by M. crassipes were affected in inoculated plants and resulted in growth enhancements that were equal to that of the plants treated with urea. Our findings reveal that inoculation with M. crassipes had a positive effect on maize yield, making the crop system more sustainable. Thus M. crassipes has the potential to become a supplement or an alternative to urea fertilizers.
Bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal tracts of Rhinolophus luctus and Murina leucogaster in Henan Province, China
Authors: Sun Yan , Yuan Zhimin , Guo Yuming , Qin Yuanzhao , Ban Yongtian , Niu Hongxing , Bu Yanzhen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies have assessed the diversity of gastrointestinal bacteria in bats and reported that some of the strains are pathogenic to humans; therefore, bats are considered to be potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. However, the bacterial diversity and types of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of Rhinolophus luctus and Murina leucogaster have not yet been determined. Humans frequently come into contact with these species; therefore, assessments of their gut microbiota, especially potential pathogens, are essential for public health. In the present study, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to address this research gap, and the results were compared with those reported previously.

Methods
The V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the bacterial community of the stomach and the intestines of R. luctus and M. leucogaster.

Results
The bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster were classified into three and four main bacterial phyla, respectively. In both R. luctus and M. leucogaster, the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria (stomach 86.07% and 95.79%, intestines 91.87% and 88.78%, respectively), followed by Firmicutes (stomach 13.84% and 4.19%, intestines 8.11% and 11.20%, respectively). In total, 18 and 20 bacterial genera occurred in a relative abundance of 0.01% or more in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, respectively. In R. luctus, the dominant genera were Lactococcus (10.11%) and Paeniclostridium (3.41%) in the stomach, and Undibacterium (28.56%) and Paeniclostridium (4.69%) in the intestines. In M. leucogaster, the dominant genera were Undibacterium (54.41%) and Burkholderia (5.28%) in the stomach, and Undibacterium (29.67%) and Enterococcus (7.19%) in the intestines. Among the detected gastrointestinal tract flora of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, 12 bacterial genera were pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.

Conclusion
A high number of human pathogens were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, which demonstrates the urgency for increased efforts in the prevention and management of bat-to-human disease transmission from these species.
Super-resolution microscopy: successful applications in centrosome study and beyond
Authors: Fu Jingyan , Zhang Chuanmao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCentrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells. Its core structure, centriole, also assembles cilia and flagella that have important sensing and motility functions. Centrosome has long been recognized as a highly conserved organelle in eukaryotic species. Through electron microscopy, its ultrastructure was revealed to contain a beautiful nine-symmetrical core 60 years ago, yet its molecular basis has only been unraveled in the past two decades. The emergence of super-resolution microscopy allows us to explore the insides of a centrosome, which is smaller than the diffraction limit of light. Super-resolution microscopy also enables the compartmentation of centrosome proteins into different zones and the identification of their molecular interactions and functions. This paper compiles the centrosome architecture knowledge that has been revealed in recent years and highlights the power of several super-resolution techniques.
Change in the Epidemiological Profile of Hepatitis B in Brazil
Authors: Rueda Beatriz Zago Gomes , Gonçalves Luciana Lofêgo , Rueda-Dantas Mateus André , Ferreira Brunna Vila Coutinho , Zago-Gomes Maria da Penha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important public health problem and can progress with death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. In 2017 it has been 21 years since the universal vaccination against HBV has been introduced in Brazil. The objectives are to analyze the reports of hepatitis B virus infection in the Brazilian public health system between 2010 and 2015 and to calculate incidence and prevalence of the hepatitis B virus infection. The methods are observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional epidemiological study of reports of hepatitis B infection in children under 20 years of age in Brazil between 2010 and 2015. There were 4275 cases in Brazil. The prevalence was 6.49 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The age group with the highest number of notifications in Brazil was from 15 to 19 years old (68.58%). The incidence dropped significantly in 2015, and the occurrences were predominant in females. The Amazon region presented the highest number of occurrences, annual incidence, and prevalence. The form of transmission was ignored in almost half of the cases, and the most reported form of transmission in Brazil was the sexual transmission. The most common coinfection was with the hepatitis delta virus (1.87%). Chronic hepatitis was the most prevalent clinical form. The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus in children under 20 years of age showed a marked and progressive decrease, which indicates the efficacy of the vaccine. The form of sexual infection in adolescents reinforces the need for policies aimed at the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
The Impact of Nationalism on Albanian–Slav Relations in Late Ottoman Macedonia: A Historiographical Review
Authors: Bego Fabio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to inquire how recent and more consolidated historiographical trends consider the impact of nationalism in the late Ottoman Balkans. I focus on historical accounts of Albanian–Slav interaction in the late Ottoman Macedonian context, although the inquiry also includes texts that do not only engage with this epistemological field. I confront research efforts that have been published from the early 1960s to the present in order to understand the continuities and the discontinuities that characterize the work of historians. A preliminary investigation has allowed me to outline two main historiographical approaches: the national historiographies and the postnationalist approach. Such a distinction has become tangible especially after the end of the Cold War when a new generation of historians started to question the validity of the studies conducted by their colleagues in the past decades by pointing at the methodological and ideological issues that limited their work. In this article I evaluate to what extent the work of postnationalist historians is different from that of traditional historiographies and finally reflect on the possibility and benefits that might come from a dialogue between the two approaches.
Talk with me! Parental linguistic input to toddlers with moderate hearing loss
Authors: DIRKS Evelien , STEVENS Angela , KOK Sigrid , FRIJNS Johan , RIEFFE Carolien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined the quantity and quality of parental linguistic input to toddlers with moderate hearing loss (MHL) compared with toddlers with normal hearing (NH). The linguistic input to eighteen toddlers with MHL and twenty-four toddlers with NH was examined during a 10-minute free-play activity in their home environment. Results showed that toddlers with MHL were exposed to an equivalent amount of parental linguistic input compared to toddlers with NH. However, parents of toddlers with MHL used less high-level facilitative language techniques, used less mental state language, and used shorter utterances than parents of toddlers with NH. Quantity and quality measures of parental linguistic input were positively related to the expressive language abilities of toddlers with MHL.
Exploring Bias in Student Evaluations: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Chávez Kerry , Mitchell Kristina M.W. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTResearch continues to accumulate showing that in instructor evaluations students are biased against women. This article extends these analyses by examining the dynamics between evaluations and gender and race/ethnicity. In a quasi-experimental design, faculty members teaching identical online courses recorded welcome videos that were presented to students at the course onset, constituting the sole exposure to perceived gender and race/ethnicity. This enables exploration of whether and to what degree the instructors’ characteristics influenced student evaluations, even after holding all other course factors constant. Findings show that instructors who are female and persons of color receive lower scores on ordinal student evaluations than those who are white males. Overall, we add further evidence to a growing literature calling for student evaluations of teaching (SETs) reform and extend it to encompass the effects on racial/ethnic minorities in addition to women.
Estimating and differentiating maternal feeding practices in a country ranked first in childhood obesity
Authors: Salinas Martínez Ana María , Cordero Franco Hid Felizardo , Estrada de León Daniela Berenice , Medina Franco Gloria Estefanía , Guzmán de la Garza Francisco Javier , Núñez Rocha Georgina Mayela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:Mexico ranks first in childhood obesity worldwide. However, little is known about the factors influencing maternal feeding practices. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of feeding practices and explore associations between weight concern, weight perception, sociodemographic characteristics and those feeding practices.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:North-eastern Mexico.Participants:Mothers aged ≥18 years who were in charge of feeding a singleton child aged 2–6 years with no endocrine disease or visible genetic malformations (n 507). Information on six maternal feeding practices, concern and perception of the child’s weight and demographics were collected by interview. The mother’s and child’s height and weight were measured. The feeding practices questionnaire was subject to content, construct and convergent validity analysis. Then, mean feeding scores were obtained and prevalence and 95 % CI were determined for scores ≥3; multivariate logistic regression was performed.Results:Not modelling (63·5 %; 95 % CI 59·2, 67·8 %) and pressuring to eat (55·6 %; 95 % CI 51·2, 60·0 %) were the most frequent feeding practices, followed by easy access to unhealthy foods (45·4 %; 95 % CI 40·9, 49·8 %) and child control (43·2 %; 95 % CI 38·8, 47·6 %). They prevailed despite concern about the child’s excess weight or a perception of the child as overweight/obese. Education was associated with the highest number of practices (educated mothers used more pressuring to eat, less regulation and less easy access; or monitoring was less absent).Conclusions:The frequency of certain feeding practices needs to be improved. Emphasis on the child’s weight concern, obesity perception and maternal education is essential for optimizing intervention planning.
A New Correction for He Loss Applied to (U‐Th)/He Dating of Grains with Complex Shapes and Polymineralic Aggregates
Authors: Huber Christian , Guenthner William , Karani Hamid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApplying the (U‐Th)/He chronometer to small domains with complex shapes is challenging because of He recoil loss. The development of date correction factors proves challenging when considering either a single grain with complex geometry or polymineralic crystal aggregates composed of many small U‐Th‐bearing grains with additional impurities, such as iron‐oxide aggregates. We introduce a new geometrical metric for the recoil loss correction factor—the two‐point correlation distribution S2(r)—that is independent of dimensionality (i.e., two‐dimensional [2‐D] or three‐dimensional [3‐D] images), grain shape, and existence or absence of internal porosity. S2(r) measures the probability of finding two points within the target phase (U‐Th‐He host, such as Fe oxides here) separated by a distance r in the physical sample (single grain or aggregate). It provides a metric that is independent of grain or aggregate size. We use a combination of forward recoil loss simulations in 2‐D and 3‐D domains (both complex single grains and aggregates) to show a one‐to‐one correspondence between a recoil loss factor and S2(r = He stopping distance). We illustrate the workflow to retrieve the loss factors for different isotopes and correct date determination in a complex 3‐D jasperoid sample imaged by X‐ray computed microtomography. Our jasperoid sample contains appreciable amounts of iron oxide with quartz impurities and is representative of a sample for which completely monomineralic separates cannot be obtained. The computation of loss factors based on S2(r) is extremely efficient, and the codes, including a simple user interface, are made available at https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:957056/.
The Possible Transition From Glacial Surge to Ice Stream on Vavilov Ice Cap
Authors: Zheng Whyjay , Pritchard Matthew E. , Willis Michael J. , Stearns Leigh A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurge‐type glaciers typically undergo cyclical flow instability due to mass accumulation; however, some recent glacier surges have caused irreversible ice loss in a short period. At Vavilov Ice Cap, Russia, surge‐like behavior initiated in 2013 and by spring 2019 the ice cap had lost 9.5 Gt of ice (11% mass of the entire basin). Using time series of surface elevation and glacier velocity derived from satellite optical and synthetic‐aperture radar imagery, we identify a shift of flow pattern starting in 2017 when shear margins formed within the grounded marine piedmont fan. Multiple summer speedups correlate with warmer summers during 2015–2019 and suggest that surface melt may access the subglacial environment. Force balance analysis and examination of the Péclet number show that glacier thinning propagated upstream in 2016–2017, and diffusion became a significant dynamic response to thinning perturbations. Our results suggest that the glacier has entered a new ice stream‐like regime.