bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of wrist monitoring device to measure wrist range of motion
Authors: Jin Hiung Fong , Mat Sahat Idris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Study of human motion has been paying attention. From manual goniometer which consists of moving arm and a protector to assess the range of motion had been developed into equipment with strain gauge, flex sensor and many more. In recent years, the advance of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has boosted the use of inertia measurement unit (IMU). MPU 6050 is one of the IMU used in this study to assess wrist range of motion. Algorithm using Arduino has developed to improve the accuracy. A Bluetooth module is used to communicate with smartphone. An android application is developed to display data on smartphone. The device is tested to validate the reliability of measuring wrist range of motion. First test is carried out to test for the stability of each axis at 300, 600 and 900. For roll axis (counter-clockwise) and pitch axis (counter-clockwise) shows fluctuation. The other axis show slightly fluctuation. When tested on human wrist, the device able to give error in the range of 10 – 50. The result from device is compared with manual goniometer performed by physiotherapist. Placement of device o back of hand may affect the result. Front spot, middle spot and end spot placement has been tested to see the relationship. From testing, middle spot and end spot show better result compare to front spot. In performing radial deviation and ulnar deviation, end spot show significant closer result. However, this placement restricts the movement of wrist. Middle spot give overall close result.
Influence of dip-coating times towards oxygen separation performance
Authors: Sazali Norazlianie , Syafiq Sharip Mohd , Ibrahim Haziqatulhanis , Shahir Jamaludin Ahmad , Norharyati Wan Salleh Wan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several advantages possessed by carbon membrane such as can be easily processed, high gas separation performance and requires adequate amount of energy compared to the conventional separation process are the reasons it is deemed as the future media of separation. This study utilized PI blends and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) to prepare the tubular carbon membrane in order to investigate its fabrication. The effect of dip-coating duration (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on physicochemical properties O2/N2 separation was determined. Carbonization was done at 800 °C with 3 °C/min rate of heating under argon gas flow (200 mL/min). Tests of pure gas permeation were conducted in order to study the transport mechanism of prepared carbon membrane at ambient temperature and 8 bar of feed pressure. Carbon membrane with O2 permeance of 29.92 ± 1.44 GPU and O2/N2 selectivity of 9.29 ± 2.54 were obtained after 45 min of dip coating.
Processing and characterization of natural Bentonite from Aceh, Indonesia as filler of Poly-Caprolactone/Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan, (PCL/PLA/Chitosan) nanocomposites
Authors: Ridwan  , Wirjosentono B , Tamrin T , Rihayat T , Nurhanifa  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The formation of composite from polymer mixture PCL / PLA / Chitosan bentonite was carried out through the melt intercalation method using an extruder at 180 °C with a holding time of 20 minutes. Bentonite is obtained from Kab. North Aceh which has been modified with CTAB surfactant. The sample formulations used were single PCL and PCL polymers each given 3, 5 and 8 % chitosan fillers. A mixture of PCL / PLA (50: 50) was given 3, 5 and 8 % chitosan / bentonite fillers. The sample is a white plastic rod (bone) material which is tested for its nature through several types of characterization. Modified bentonite and chitosan have an effect on increasing the mechanical and thermal properties of PCL, PLA and mixture polymers both based on the results of tensile test, TGA test (thermal) and bacterial test. PCL / PLA 50:50 with the addition of 8 % bentonite-chitosan filler is the most perfect composition which provides the best test value.
Analysis of boundary condition in modelling the low-velocity impact carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates
Authors: Meon M S , Saedon J B , Nor N H , Rao M N , Schröder K-U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of modelling strategy on boundary condition and impact energy of low-velocity impact laminate has been investigated. The paper deals with the finite element model (FEM) to study the structural responses of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminate of CCF300/epoxy. In FE calculation, a proposed three-dimensional progressive damage model is used to determine the intralaminar damage, while cohesive contact formulation is employed to analyse the interlaminar damage. The failure model performances are validated and verified based on different boundary conditions and impact energies. Through experiment and simulation, it can be said that variation in boundary condition as well as impact energy, significantly change the force-time, displacement-time, energy-time, and load-displacement histories.
Bio-Nanocomposite Polyurethane / Clay / Chitosan Paints that have thermal resistance and antibacterial properties for biomedical applications
Authors: Rihayat T , Suryani  , Riskina S , Siregar J P , Jaafar J , Cionita T , Fitria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The coating material used for the manufacture of polyurethane paints is a coating of hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on palm oil (oleic acid). Polyols are produced from the synthesis of oleic acid by adding organic and inorganic ingredients. Chitosan and bentonite are organic and inorganic elements, which are used to improve thermal capability and antibacterial properties of polyurethane paint produced. Hybrid bentonite-chitosan is then synthesized with polyols and isocyanate is added, namely TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate) to form polyurethane. In the FTIR spectrum of the polyol on O-H bond at Wavelength 3210.25 cm-1, C-H bond at Wavelength 2856.87 cm-1 and C = O bond at Wavelength 1610.86 cm-1, and hybrid bentonitechitosan of FTIR Analysis Chitosan: -OH group at Wavelength 3250 cm-1, N-H at 3545 cm-1, C = O at wavelength 1681 cm-1, C-H group at Wavelength 2810 cm-1. Bentonite: -OH group at Wavelength 3435 cm-1, Si-O group at Wavelength of 1161 cm-1 and Al-O and Si-O groups at Wavelength 820 cm-1. Aliphatic C-H Cluster at 2815 cm-1 Wavelength and 1125 cm-1 Wavelength indicates the presence of a C-O group. While the results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) from polyurethane products and with the addition of hybrid bentonite-chitosan namely polyurethane paints produced mixed with chemicals and the main ingredients are polyols from palm oil (oleic acid) while small white clumps greyish namely hybrid bentonite-chitosan which has been mixed into polyurethane paint. This study produced a hybrid material of benthicchitosan as a filler in the manufacture of polyurethane paint.
Compressive properties on the spherical-roof contoured-core cell with different amounts of diamond-shaped notches
Authors: Quanjin Ma , Rejab M.R.M. , Idris M.S. , Merzuki M.N.M. , Shaoliang Huang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is a challenging task to develop lightweight materials and novel structures, which offers better energy-absorbing characteristics. Therefore, it is still a significant issue to obtain secondary processing on available contoured-cores to provide a lightweight structure. This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of compressive properties on the single spherical-roof contoured-core cell with series diamond-shaped notches subjected to quasi-static compressive loading, which is referential concept on second weight reduction. The spherical-roof contoured-core panel was manufactured using a compression moulding process, and then cut to every single cell followed the diamond-shaped notch mould. It is concluded that with the number of diamond-shaped notches increasing, compressive strength and modulus generally shows the decreasing trend. Energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and peak load are also studied. In addition, the failure types of single cell units are discussed according to corresponding experimental results. It is highlighted that diamond-shaped notch cutting fabrication of core structure is a sufficient method to reduce the load concentration at the spherical-roof apex.
Review of Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Zhang Bo , Bai Yutian , Wang Liheng , Rejab M R M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As a new type of acoustic functional material, phononic crystal has great research value and application environment. It is a periodic structure of two or more elastic materials, which are derived from photonic crystals. The main research work on phononic crystals focuses on the two band gap formation mechanisms of Bragg scattering and local resonance, and some new methods of vibration reduction and noise reduction can be obtained by studying its banding mechanism. Similarly, a “metamaterial” has been proposed for the ability to achieve new vibration reduction and noise reduction, which is a composite structure or material with physical properties not available in natural materials. By analysing the acoustic metamaterials of various structures, in this work we can understand how to achieve vibration reduction and noise reduction under the local resonance mechanism.
Study on sound absorption properties of fiber materials and perforated components and their composite structures with different structural parameters
Authors: Fu Qiang , Zhang Bo , Bai Yutian , Wang Liheng , Rejab M R M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fiber materials and perforated components are often used as basic structural units, which are widely used in the field of environmental noise reduction and automotive noise reduction.In this work, the effects of different structural parameters on the sound absorption properties of fiber materials, perforated components and their composite structures are studied. The sound absorption coefficients of fiber materials, perforated elements and their composite structures with different structural parameters were simulated by COMSOL finite element software. The transfer function method is used to measure the sound absorption in the impedance tube. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that the thickness of sound absorption material has a great influence on the sound absorption coefficient. The perforation rate is an important factor affecting the sound absorption performance of perforated components. When the perforation rate is high, it hardly absorbs sound. With the increase of aperture and wall thickness, the sound absorption performance increases in low frequency band and decreases in medium and high frequency bands. The non-periodic oscillation of sound absorption coefficient occurs with the change of cavity thickness.
Effect of heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties and springback of 6061 Aluminum alloy sheets
Authors: Wang Guan , Zhu Guangxu , Li Ting , Kou Linyuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The mechanical properties and bending deformation behaviors of homogenization treated (HT), solution treated (ST), natural aging (NA) treated and T6 6061 aluminum alloy sheets were investigated by tensile tests and three-point bending tests, respectively. The results showed that the heat treatment conditions have a significant impact on mechanical properties and bending characteristic. Bending radius and thickness of the HT alloy is the highest, and its springback angle is the lowest. However, the deformation mechanism of T6-8h alloy is just the opposite. The bending characteristics are attributed to the combined effects of yield strength, strain-hardening exponent and coefficient of the neutral layer. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment.
Effect of through-holes on quasi-static axial compression behaviors of aluminum with thin-walled structure
Authors: Wang Guan , Li Wang , Xue Lian , Kou Linyuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of through-holes position on deformation behaviors and energy absorption of 6063 aluminum alloy with thin-walled structure, taking the same number and different positions of through-holes, will be investigated by quasi-static axial compression using universal testing machine. The experimental results show that the compression behavior of thin-walled structure specimens can be significantly improved by properly opening through-holes and selecting appropriate locations. Based on the experimental data, the fluctuation degree of sample load was reduced. The stability of compression deformation was improved. The first peak load was reduced. And the energy absorption performance of the specimens was improved.
Single hole direct injector simulation validation and parametric sensitivity study
Authors: Hafidzul Rahman Alias Mohamad , Fadzil Abdul Rahim Mohd , Abu Bakar Rosli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a parametric study conducted on electronically controlled solenoid direct fuel injector running on compressed natural gas. The purpose of the study is to identify the influential injector parameters on the output fuel mass flow rate. These injector parameters are to be optimize in the next stage of the study. The parametric study is conducted using zero-dimensional, first principle injector model which consist of electro-magnetic, mechanical and flow sub-models. In current study, seven (six input and one output) selected parameters have been analysed which are the injection pressure, injection duration, nozzle diameter, armature mass, the input voltage, spring constant and the output mass flow rate. Each input parameters are varied in the prescribed range based on the literature. Based on the study, the most influential parameters (in rank) are the nozzle diameter, the armature mass and the injection duration. The input voltage, the injection pressure and the spring constant were found to have no impact on the injector mass flow rate based on the values of parameter’s sensitivities. Based on the results, the potential parameters to be optimized are identified.
Techno-economic feasibility of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) blend as alternative to diesel fuel
Authors: Mantari M H A R , Hassim H M , Rahman R A , Zin A F M , Yahya M S , Samiran N A , Asmuin N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Palm oil had been as fuel in Malaysia with implementation of petroleum diesel and Palm Methyl Ester (PME) blend at 5% in 2014 and mandatory 10% blend in 2019. The high cost of the feedstock is the major drawback of PME. Not only PME comes from expensive low Free Fatty Acid (FFA) feedstock, the cost to convert FFA to PME through the process of transesterification and purification of palm oil fatty acid also expensive. Another feedstock for palm based biofuel is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining. It is inedible and cheaper compared with other palm oil product thus attractive as a feedstock for biofuel. Five blends of PFAD and diesel with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were produce in this study. The blending was done using magnetic stirrer and was mix continuously for 30 minutes at 60 ∼. The properties of the blends such as density, viscosity, surface tension, pour point and calorific value were determined experimentally. Result from these experiments showed that density, viscosity, surface tension and pour point were increase proportionately when PFAD content increase except for calorific value. The calorific value showed minor reduction with maximum reduction at 3% as compared with diesel fuel. This happen when the PFAD content was at 25% blend. In term of availability of PFAD as biofuel source, data from year of 2016 to 2019 showed that the amount of PFAD produce in Malaysia suffice to support 5% blends of PFAD as biofuel.
Computational fluid dynamic modelling of NOx formation in diesel engine
Authors: Hoseini S S , Najafi G , Ghobadian B , Azimi-Nejadian H , Ahmadian Hossein 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is offering a numerical model to predict the NOx formation of a diesel engine. For this purpose, simulation of combustion and emissions of a diesel engine was performed using CFD FIRE commercial software. The simulation was performed for the condition of 900 rpm for engine speed, 200 bar cylinder pressure, and injection timing (15° CA BTDC). The difference between the experimental and numerical results was reported by about 3.2%. The result of the numerical simulation shown due to the non-homogeneous mixture of air and fuel in a diesel engine, the temperature distribution is not uniform and the temperature in some places reaches 2500 K. In areas with an equilibrium ratio (stoichiometry) and temperatures above 2000 K, nitrogen oxide is the highest. Also, the result shown areas with a temperature range between 1500 and 1900 K are more favorable areas for the formation of soot pollutant.
Experimental study of a mini cooler by using Peltier thermoelectric cell
Authors: Fairuz Remeli Muhammad , Ezzah Bakaruddin Nurfarah , Shawal Syahar , Husin Hazran , Fauzi Othman Muhammad , Singh Baljit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A 20 x 26 x 18 mm mini thermoelectric Peltier cooler was designed and built in this study. The Peltier thermoelectric cell was sandwiched between an external and internal heat sinks that acted to remove heat from the cooler box. When the Peltier thermoelectric cell connected to an external power source, the Peltier effect caused the heat from the refrigerator internal space to be conducted and removed to the ambient. The experimental data from this study were used to validate the theoretical thermal resistance model. It was found that the Peltier cooler was able to produce COP higher than 0.5 which the output was quite high compared to previous studies. This cooler was able to lower cooler box temperature down to 18.5 °C from the ambient temperature by removing 25W of heat. In the future, the validated theoretical model could be used to estimate the suitable design parameter such as the type of heat sinks, the size of the cooler, the cooling temperature and the cooler performance including the coefficient of performance (COP).
The analysis of wind blade on the performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Kong Johan Kong Nurziana , Abu Bakar Rosli , Yi Leang Lim , Adnin Hamidi Mohd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe long-term energy crisis is one of the biggest issues of this century that needs to be tackled to ensure a prosperous future for coming generations and wind energy is one of the energy sources that grows rapidly and most promising renewable energy. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is the best option for small wind turbine project and suitable for low average wind speed environment. In this project, experiment had been carried out to study the effect of wind blade number on the Savonius wind turbine performance at different wind speeds and a comparison had been made to choose the best performance between 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 blades wind turbine. A small Savonius wind turbine prototype, PicoScope, Digital Anemometer, Digital Tachometer and other equipment were used for this purpose. A PicoScope software with a hardware device had been used to create an oscilloscope and spectrum analyser on the PC. The experiment was carried out in an open room space to acquire a close condition to the real environment. The performance results were analysed and Malaysia’s average wind speed had been used as the guideline for the comparison. It can be deduced that 5 blades rotor gives the best performance compared to the 2, 3, 4 and 6 blades rotor. At wind speed 6.1 m/s, 5 blades rotor produced optimum mechanical power output at 260 mW, power coefficient of 0.109 (10.9 %), torque at 0.12 mN.m and tip speed ratio at 8.28.
A study of base isolation system at cyclotron building in Indonesia High Seismic Region
Authors: Hyundianto  , Wahyu N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of earthquake resistance design on cyclotron bunkers using base isolators was introduced. With the increasing trend of detection and treatment of cancer using nuclear technology in Indonesia, the construction of nuclear medicine facilities which include the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals using a cyclotron facility must be held immediately. With the many areas in Indonesia in earthquake-prone areas, a cyclotron bunker design is needed that can accommodate the effects of the earthquake. The cyclotron bunker must be able to withstand earthquake loads without damage because apart from being a building structure, concrete also acts as shielding radiation during cyclotron operations. Base isolators have become a reliable technology in overcoming earthquake loads and will be used in cyclotron buildings in earthquake areas. By using the spectrum response method in the cyclotron building, the results of the base isolator will be evaluated. It was found that building acceleration after adding base isolators decreased 37% and base isolators also increased the vibration period of cyclotron bunkers away from the earthquake period.
Design of BeiDou-based data acquisition system for oil and gas wells in remote areas
Authors: Hu Sheng , Jiang Le Kai , Bo Shi Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The real-time operation status monitoring of natural gas wells in the wilderness area has problem such as construction suffering, high maintenance cost, and high data transmission cost. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the design of a multi-node data transmission system using Beidou satellite short message as the data transmission means. Firstly, analysed the advantages and disadvantages of several common data transmission methods and introduced the Beidou short message; Secondly, introduced the main working parameters of the oil and gas well; Thirdly, The data acquisition and transmission system was designed in detail and the prototype system was developed. The experimental results show that the data transmission success rate of the system can reach more than 98%. This system solution can provide a useful reference for engineering with similar requirements.
Characterization of brushed dc motor with brush fault using thermal assessment
Authors: Wahab A A , Rasid M A H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Direct current motors (DC motor) are used in the small electric devices commonly. Brushed DC motors are cheap and easy to install, thus their popularity. Although the popularity, faults occur which make diagnosis and detection of faults very important. It avoids financial loss and unexpected shutdown operation causes by these faults. This paper is a present characterization of brushed DC motor with brush fault using thermal signature analysis. To organize the character, the temperature profile of DC motor was analysed using the K-type thermocouple with data logger. The thermocouples were mounted on 4 part of the DC motor, casing, permanent magnet, brush and bearing. The temperature data of DC motor with faulty brush and healthy DC motor were measured by thermocouple and recorded using data logger in real time until steady state temperature, under different load. The analysis on the steady state temperature of brush fault can be conclude through recognisable of characteristics temperature difference with a healthy motor.