bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light–Matter Interaction in Quantum Confined 2D Polar Metals
Authors: Nisi Katharina , Subramanian Shruti , He Wen , Ulman Kanchan Ajit , El‐Sherif Hesham , Sigger Florian , Lassaunière Margaux , Wetherington Maxwell T. , Briggs Natalie , Gray Jennifer , Holleitner Alexander W. , Bassim Nabil , Quek Su Ying , Robinson Joshua A. , Wurstbauer Ursula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work is a systematic experimental and theoretical study of the in‐plane dielectric functions of 2D gallium and indium films consisting of two or three atomic metal layers confined between silicon carbide and graphene with a corresponding bonding gradient from covalent to metallic to van der Waals type. k‐space resolved free electron and bound electron contributions to the optical response are identified, with the latter pointing towards the existence of thickness dependent quantum confinement phenomena. The resonance energies in the dielectric functions and the observed epsilon near‐zero behavior in the near infrared to visible spectral range, are dependent on the number of atomic metal layers and properties of the metal involved. A model‐based spectroscopic ellipsometry approach is used to estimate the number of atomic metal layers, providing a convenient route over expensive invasive characterization techniques. A strong thickness and metal choice dependence of the light–matter interaction makes these half van der Waals 2D polar metals attractive for quantum engineered metal films, tunable (quantum‐)plasmonics and nano‐photonics.
Monoclinic Scheelite Bismuth Vanadate Derived Bismuthene Nanosheets with Rapid Kinetics for Electrochemically Reducing Carbon Dioxide to Formate
Authors: Ma Wenxiu , Bu Jun , Liu Zhenpeng , Yan Chen , Yao Yuan , Chang Ninghui , Zhang Hepeng , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to high‐value chemical feedstocks, such as formate, is one of the most promising ways to alleviate the greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, the exploration of electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity over a wide potential window (especially low potential for high current density) still remains a grand challenge. In this study, the fabrication of bismuthene nanosheets using an in‐situ electrochemical transformation strategy of monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 flakes is demonstrated. Catalyzing the CO2 electroreduction in 1 m KHCO3 aqueous solution, the bismuthene nanosheets exhibit a dramatically high formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≈97.4% and a very large current density of −105.4 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Significantly, over a record wide potential window of 750 mV from the initial −0.65 V to the applied minimum −1.4 V, the formate FEs of the bismuthene nanosheets are always higher than 90%, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that, in comparison with •COOH and H• intermediates, the bismuthene nanosheets preferentially promote fast reaction kinetics towards HCOO•, which eventually accelerates the production of formate.
Semiconducting to Metallic Electronic Landscapes in Defects‐Controlled 2D π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Ogle Jonathan , Lahiri Nabajit , Jaye Cherno , Tassone Christopher J. , Fischer Daniel A. , Louie Janis , Whittaker‐Brooks Luisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional coordination polymers (2DCPs) have been predicted to exhibit exotic properties such as superconductivity, topological insulating behavior, catalytic activity, and superior ion transport for energy applications; experimentally, these materials have fallen short of their expectation due to the lack of synthesis protocols that yield continuous, large crystallite domains, and highly ordered thin films with controllable physical and chemical properties. Herein, the fabrication of large‐area, highly ordered 2DCP thin films with large crystallite domains using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches is described. It is demonstrated that defects and the packing motifs of 2DCP thin films may be controlled by adjusting the vapor–vapor and vapor–solid interactions of the metal and organic linker precursors during the CVD fabrication process. Such control allows for the fabrication of defects‐controlled 2DCP thin films that show either semiconducting or metallic behavior. The findings provide the first demonstration of tuning the electrical properties of sub 100 nm‐thick continuous 2DCP thin films by controlling their electronic landscape through defect engineering. As such, it is determined that large‐area, highly ordered 2DCP thin films may undergo a semiconducting to metallic transition that is correlated to changes in morphology, crystalline domain sizes, crystallite orientation, defect interactions, and electronic structure.
A Habituation Sensory Nervous System with Memristors
Authors: Wu Zuheng , Lu Jikai , Shi Tuo , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhang Xumeng , Yang Yang , Wu Facai , Li Yue , Liu Qi , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe sensory nervous system (SNS) builds up the association between external stimuli and the response of organisms. In this system, habituation is a fundamental characteristic that filters out irrelevantly repetitive information and makes the SNS adapt to the external environment. To emulate this critical process in electronic devices, a LixSiOy‐based memristor (TiN/LixSiOy/Pt) is developed where the temporal response under repetitive stimulation is similar to that of habituation. By connecting this synaptic device to a leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron based on a Ag/SiO2:Ag/Au memristor, a fully memristive SNS with habituation is experimentally demonstrated. Finally, a habituation spiking neural network based on the SNS is built and its application in obstacle avoidance for robot navigation is successfully presented. The results provide that a direct emulation of the biologically inspired learning process by memristors could be a sound choice for neuromorphic hardware implementation.
CDK5 Inhibition Abrogates TNBC Stem‐Cell Property and Enhances Anti‐PD‐1 Therapy
Authors: Bei Yuncheng , Cheng Nan , Chen Ting , Shu Yuxin , Yang Ye , Yang Nanfei , Zhou Xinyu , Liu Baorui , Wei Jia , Liu Qin , Zheng Wei , Zhang Wenlong , Su Huifang , Zhu Wei‐Guo , Ji Jianguo , Shen Pingping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, in which the higher frequency of cancer stem cells (CSCs) correlates with the poor clinical outcome. An aberrant activation of CDK5 is found to associate with TNBC progression closely. CDK5 mediates PPARγ phosphorylation at its Ser 273, which induces CD44 isoform switching from CD44s to CD44v, resulting in an increase of stemness of TNBC cells. Blocking CDK5/pho‐PPARγ significantly reduces CD44v+ BCSCs population in tumor tissues, thus abrogating metastatic progression in TNBC mouse model. Strikingly, diminishing stemness transformation reverses immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhances anti‐PD‐1 therapeutic efficacy on TNBC. Mechanistically, CDK5 switches the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of PPARγ and directly protects ESRP1 from a ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis. This finding firstly indicates that CDK5 blockade can be a potent strategy to diminish stemness transformation and increase the response to PD‐1 blockade in TNBC therapy.
Molecular Engineering and Morphology Control of Polythiophene:Nonfullerene Acceptor Blends for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Qin Yunpeng , Li Miaomiao , Ye Long , Geng Yanhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the advances in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the development of low‐cost and easily accessible polymer donors is of vital importance for OPV commercialization. Polythiophene (PT) and its derivatives stand out as the most promising members of the photovoltaic material family for commercial applications, owing to their low cost and high scalability of synthesis. In recent years, PTs, paired with nonfullerene acceptors, have progressed rapidly in photovoltaic performance. This Review gives an overview of the strategies in designing PTs for nonfullerene OPVs from the perspective of energy level modulation. A survey of the typical classes of nonfullerene acceptors designed for pairing with the benchmark PT, i.e., poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is also presented. Furthermore, recent achievements in understanding and controlling the film morphology for PT:nonfullerene blends are discussed in depth. In addition to the effects of molecular weight and blend ratio on film morphology, the crucial roles of miscibility between PT and nonfullerene and processing solvent in determining film microstructure and morphology are highlighted, followed by a discussion on thermal annealing and ternary active layers. Finally, the remaining questions and the prospects of the low‐cost PT:nonfullerene systems are outlined. It is hoped that this review can guide the optimization of PT:nonfullerene blends and advance their commercial applications.
Causal relationships from legume crops to soil microbial properties relative to canola
Authors: Lupwayi Newton Z. , Schwinghamer Timothy D. , Tidemann Breanne D. , Kubota Hiroshi , Turkington T. Kelly , Khakbazan Mohammad , St. Luce Mervin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLegume crop rotational effects are usually studied in only the first subsequent non‐legume crop even though several consecutive crops usually follow a legume. We studied the effects of field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), faba bean green manure (faba GM), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), β‐glucosidase enzyme activity, and bacterial physiological diversity in three subsequent crops at four locations. Generalized linear modeling (SAS PROC GLIMMIX) indicated that, when canola is grown 3 yr after an initial canola crop in the rotation, MBC is 4–40% (Bonferroni‐adjusted limits at 95% confidence) greater than when faba bean is the initial crop. Path modeling (SAS PROC CALIS) confirmed the negative effect on MBC by faba bean (relative to canola) as an initial crop. According to Bonferroni‐adjusted limits at 95% confidence, where faba GM was the initial crop, β‐glucosidase activity was 2–24% greater than where faba bean was the initial crop and 0.4–21.8% greater than where wheat was the initial crop. Similarly, where lentil was the initial crop, β‐glucosidase activity was 2–23% greater than where pea was the initial crop and 3–5% greater than where wheat was the initial crop. Path modeling revealed direct causal relationships from faba GM and lentil to β‐glucosidase activity. The legume crop effects on soil microbial properties were: faba GM > lentil > pea > faba bean, but we did not observe diminishing effects of the initial legumes to consecutive subsequent crops.
Impact of R0 resection for synchronous peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis of a multi‐institutional database
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Kotake Kenjiro , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the usefulness of resection for synchronous peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer.MethodsThe patients who underwent surgery for stage IV colorectal cancer at 16 hospitals between 1991 and 2007 were enrolled in this study. The overall survival rates of patients with synchronous peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer with and without R0 resection were compared using a propensity score‐matched analysis.ResultsAmong the 3965 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, 1169 had synchronous peritoneal metastasis (28.5%). No patients received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in this study. Among the 1169 patients, 783 had enough clinicopathologic information and went through further analysis. Out of 783 patients, 204 underwent R0 resection. A multivariate analysis revealed that severity of peritoneal metastasis according to the Japanese classification (P < .0001) and distant metastases (P < .0001) were independently associated with non‐R0 resection. In a propensity score‐matched analysis, 118 patients who underwent R0 resection were matched with 118 patients who did not undergo R0 resection. There was no significant difference in each parameter between patients with and without R0 resection. After matching, the overall survival in patients with R0 resection was better than that without R0 resection (median survival time: 28.8 months and 15.6 months, P < .0001).ConclusionThe overall survival of patients with R0 resection for synchronous peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer was better than that without R0 resection even without HIPEC.
Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome in Chinese population with four novel mutations
Authors: Yu Pui Tak , Luk Ho‐Ming , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRubinstein‐Taybi syndrome (RSTS, OMIM*180849) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, broad and often angulated thumbs and halluces, with occasional congenital anomalies. Characteristic facial dysmorphic features include downslanting palpebral fissures, low hanging columella. RSTS is caused by pathogenic variants in two ubiquitously expressed and highly homologous genes, CREBBP (OMIM*600140) and EP300 (OMIM*600140). Clinical features were well reported especially in Caucasian ethnicity. We would like to report the clinical phenotype of RSTS in our Chinese population and highlight four novel mutations in CREBBP gene.
Intra‐operative diabetes insipidus associated with cervical spine traction during staged scoliosis surgery
Authors: Kong Kam Wa T. , McCarthy K. F. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA 15‐year‐old boy with cerebral palsy and epilepsy presented for a posterior spinal fusion as part of staged repair of thoracolumbar scoliosis. Total intravenous anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol, remifentanil and ketamine. Following prone positioning, cervical traction was applied. Polyuria developed intra‐operatively, from 4 to 18 ml.kg−1.h−1. There was a corresponding rise in plasma sodium concentration from 132 to 145 mmol.l−1. Haemodynamic stability was maintained with boluses of Hartmann's solution and a noradrenaline infusion. Given the possibility of diabetes insipidus due to reduced cerebral perfusion pressure, the cervical traction was removed. This initially showed a good response with a transient reduction in polyuria to 3 ml.kg−1.h−1 before rising to 8 ml.kg−1.h−1. Subsequently, a vasopressin infusion was started with normalisation of diuresis and plasma sodium concentration by the end of surgery. Diabetes insipidus is an endocrine disorder related to lack of production or insensitivity to vasopressin. In the peri‐operative period, it is mainly associated with pituitary surgery and rarely with spinal surgery. To the authors' knowledge, this is only the second report of diabetes insipidus associated with staged scoliosis surgery. Cervical traction should be considered as a potential cause of intra‐operative diabetes insipidus.
Synchronization of thermal properties and constituents in Nanocomposite: Manufacturing, characterization, adjustable properties
Authors: Al Mizan Rashed , Islam Md. Aminul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is critical to maintain better thermal properties, especially thermal conductivity as well as low particle content along with organized particle dispersion in polymer nanocomposites. Thus, this study is designed to develop a nanocomposite containing a constant reinforcing load of binary particles (carbon and alumina) in the binary matrix of polypropylene (PP)/poly ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (EVA). The samples were prepared through the melt blending and hot pressing technique. Compared to pure PP/EVA matrix, the nanocomposites showed a shift in Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy peak and absorption intensity, which proves better interaction of nanoparticles with the matrix. The Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed the nanocomposite having carbon (C) and alumina (A) relative ratio 2:3 offered even structure with better distribution of nanoparticles compared to other nanocomposites. Also, Differential scanning calorimetry and Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that alumina‐rich binary nanoparticles reinforced composites offer an efficient improvement in thermal behavior. Moreover, the nanocomposite containing high alumina relative ratio (C: A = 2:3) gives a sharp shift in thermal conductivity of 1.57 W/m‐k from 1.2 W/m‐k of carbon‐rich nanocomposite (C: A = 3:2) and 0.16 W/m‐k of pure PP/EVA. However, these relative properties emphasize the important role of this nanocomposite as a programmable thermal material.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose carbamate membrane with high strength and transparency
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Li Tao , Zhang Shaojie , Li Wenlong , He Jianlong , Yin Cuiyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, cellulose carbamate was synthesized from alkali cellulose and urea by a low‐cost solid–liquid phase method. Cellulose carbamate was dissolved in cuprammonium solution to form a regenerated cellulose membrane with high strength and high transparency. The mass fraction of cellulose dissolved was greatly increased (up to 17%), and the thermal stability of cellulose was retained. The surface of the membrane is compact and there are regular microchannels in it. The factors influencing the transparency and mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose membrane were discussed by the range analysis of orthogonal experiment. The light transmittance is 95.50%, the breaking strength is 98.35 MPa, the elongation at break is 21.74%. The ability of heat preservation and moisture preservation of regenerated cellulose membrane was tested, and the effect was close to that of conventional polyethylene membrane. The membrane material has broad application prospects in packaging, food preservation, agriculture, and other fields.
Loss of natural coastline influences species diversity of anemonefish and host anemones in the Ryukyu Archipelago
Authors: Hayashi Kina , Tachihara Katsunori , Reimer James Davis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Anemonefish and host anemones are distributed in the shallow waters of coral reefs, and thus their existence may be affected by coastal development. The Ryukyu Archipelago includes the Okinawa and Sakishima Islands; the former has experienced extensive land reclamation and drainage in coastal areas while the latter still mostly contains natural coasts. To consider the layout of protected areas needed to conserve diversity of host anemones and anemonefish in the Ryukyu Archipelago, the community structure and coexistence mechanisms of anemones and anemonefish were compared between Okinawa and Sakishima Islands.
Six species of anemonefish and seven species of host anemone are distributed in both islands. Among 15 species‐pair interactions observed in six species of anemonefish in the Sakishima Islands, 14 were explained by the niche differentiation hypothesis and only one interaction was explained by the cohabitation hypothesis. In the Okinawa Islands, 13 interactions were explained by the niche differentiation hypothesis, one by the cohabitation hypothesis and one by the lottery hypothesis.
For both host anemones and anemonefish, β‐diversity in the Okinawa Islands was lower and had a more nested structure than that of the Sakishima Islands. β‐Diversity and its nestedness did not differ between the two regions excluding study sites adjacent to coastlines, suggesting that differences in the coastal environment affected the diversity of anemones and anemonefish in the Ryukyu Archipelago.
These results suggested that there is an urgent need to prioritize the conservation of reef edges, where species diversity is relatively higher than directly next to the terrestrial coastline in Okinawa Island. In the Sakishima Islands, where many natural coasts remain, a wider area from directly next to the coast out to the reef edge needs to be comprehensively protected to increase β‐diversity.
Integrale Bogenbrücke mit Zugband
Authors: Gaßner Georg , Kollegger Johann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBogenbrücken mit mehreren Feldern werden seit jeher vor allem zur Überbrückung von breiten ebenen Tälern verwendet. Beim Ausfall eines Brückenfelds besteht bei derartigen Tragwerken allerdings die Gefahr eines fortschreitenden Versagens, wie es wohl unlängst beim Einsturz einer Brücke in Norditalien der Fall war. An der TU Wien wurde eine neue Technologie entwickelt, die ein derartiges Versagen verhindern kann. Durch den Einsatz eines zwischen den Bogenfußpunkten angeordneten Zugbands ergeben sich aber noch weitere Vorteile. Eine abschnittsweise Herstellung ohne aufwendige Bauhilfsmaßnahmen wird ermöglicht und bei feldweiser Verkehrsbelastung treten deutlich geringere Biegebeanspruchungen im Tragwerk auf, was eine schlanke Querschnittsgestaltung zulässt. Ästhetisch anspruchsvolle und materialsparende Bauwerke können somit errichtet werden. Die durch das Tragverhalten von Bogenkonstruktionen geschaffene Option zur integralen Ausbildung von sehr langen Tragwerken bringt zusätzlich wirtschaftliche Vorzüge. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein für wahrscheinlich erachtetes Einsturzszenario der Albiano Magra Brücke in Norditalien erläutert und anschließend die neu entwickelte Technologie vorgestellt. Neben den Vorteilen wird auf Besonderheiten der neuen Baumethode eingegangen. Der Wahl der Steifigkeit des Zugbands muss beim Entwurf besondere Beachtung geschenkt werden, weshalb diese im Zuge einer Parameterstudie untersucht wird. Abschließend werden mögliche Einsatzbereiche der neuen Technologie aufgezeigt.
SDF‐1α gene‐activated collagen scaffold drives functional differentiation of human Schwann cells for wound healing applications
Authors: Laiva Ashang L. , O'Brien Fergal J. , Keogh Michael B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnhancing angiogenesis is the prime target of current biomaterial‐based wound healing strategies. However, these approaches largely overlook the angiogenic role of the cells of the nervous system. Therefore, we explored the role of a collagen‐chondroitin sulfate scaffold functionalized with a proangiogenic gene stromal‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α)—an SDF‐1α gene‐activated scaffold on the functional regulation of human Schwann cells (SCs). A preliminary 2D study was conducted by delivering plasmids encoding for the SDF‐1α gene into a monolayer of SCs using polyethyleneimine‐based nanoparticles. The delivery of the SDF‐1α gene into the SCs enhanced the production of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Subsequently, we investigated the impact of SDF‐1α gene‐activated scaffold (3D) on the SCs for 2 weeks, using a gene‐free scaffold as control. The transfection of the SCs within the gene‐activated scaffold resulted in transient overexpression of SDF‐1α transcripts and triggered the production of bioactive VEGF that enhanced endothelial angiogenesis. The overexpression of SDF‐1α also caused transient activation of the transcription factor c‐Jun and supported the differentiation of SCs towards a repair phenotype. This was characterized by elevated expression of neurotrophin receptor p75NGFR. During this developmental stage, the SCs also performed an extensive remodelling of the basement matrix (fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin) to enrich their environment with the pro‐neurogenic matrix protein laminin, revealing an enhanced pro‐neurogenic behavior. Together, this study shows that SDF‐1α gene‐activated scaffold is a highly bioinstructive scaffold capable of enhancing proangiogenic regenerative response in human SCs for improved wound healing.