bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty and Social Rights Among the Working Age Population in Post-Industrial Democracies
Authors: Alper Kaitlin , Huber Evelyne , Stephens John D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the determinants of relative market income poverty and poverty reduction among the working age population in 22 advanced industrial democracies. The article revisits Moller et al. (2003) but goes beyond the earlier study in four major ways. First, we are able to measure welfare state effort with social rights rather than expenditure. This allows us to separate the effect of policy from need, which jointly shape expenditure. Second, we bring the analysis up to date, covering some 10–15 more years, which allows us to compare our findings to those of the earlier study and to compare the periods before and after 2000. Specifically, we discuss the declining effectiveness of the welfare state in reducing poverty and the declining importance of partisan incumbency. Third, we pool data from three sources, the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and Eurostat Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), to almost triple the number of observations for analysis compared to past analyses. Fourth, we use newer estimation techniques that deal better with serial correlation. We show that the primary determinants of market income poverty are volume of work as a result of economic and demographic factors, as well as remuneration of work at the bottom of the income distribution driven by labor market institutions. We then show that the main determinants of poverty reduction are social rights; controlling for social rights, need variables are important for explaining poverty reduction as well.
The influence of graded levels of Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Blume on semen quality characteristics of adult New Zealand white bucks
Authors: Ajuogu Peter Kelechi , Ere Richard , Nodu Medubari B , Nwachukwu Chinwe Uchechi , Mgbere Osaro O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Blume is a tropical herbal plant known for its important phytochemical contents and medicinal properties. But its impact on animal reproduction and fertility is yet to be fully established. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume will improve the semen quality characteristics of New Zealand White buck rabbit. Twenty-eight post-pubertal buck rabbits were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 7 per treatment) where they were fed either the control diet—0 g C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume or any of the three experimental diets containing the graded levels of C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume incorporated into rabbit pellets at 10, 20 or 30 g C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume per kg feed. The results showed that the semen volume and pH were not different between groups. Interestingly, sperm motility significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the sperm morphology also decreased in a dose-related fashion with 20 g (77.75 ± 1.31%) and 30 g (79.00 ± 2.20%) C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume being significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower compared with groups 0 g (88.50 ± 1.44%) and 10 g (87.50 ± 4.33%) C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of C. prostrata (Linn.) Blume into the normal rabbit feeds had a positive effect on sperm count, but reduced sperm motility and morphology, and may be associated with spermatogenesis-related problems.
How Would Socrates Enhance Online Learning in Nursing Education?
Authors: Dewald Robin Jill 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Contemporary education demands that teachers learn to provide excellent education in online learning environments. A student-centered, rich, and active learning environment can and must occur in the online learning arena. Applying Socratic questioning to online teaching and learning leads to rich dialogue and enhances learning. This article focuses on how online instructors can apply Socratic questioning in their online discussions, geared to the readiness of students.
Asymptomatic GBS bacteriuria during antenatal visits
Authors: Rosenberger Kelly D. , Seibert Amy , Hormig Sara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Inconsistencies persist regarding the efficacy of treating asymptomatic group B Streptococcus bacteriuria in pregnant individuals with colony counts below 105 (100,000) CFU/mL. Despite these discrepancies, treatment still occurs. This article examines the role of screening and treatment, evidence-based guidelines, and practice patterns to provide clarification and resolve local practice disparities.
Dysphagia
Authors: Skarbinski Kristina F. , Glennon Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Dysphagia is a common symptom with several differential diagnoses ranging from benign and functional to life threatening. Given the potential severity, it is essential to obtain an accurate and pointed history to dictate appropriate diagnostic testing. This article differentiates between oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia before outlining a systematic approach to subsequent testing, including when to refer to a specialist.
Enrollment in the Zoster Eye Disease Study
Authors: Cohen Elisabeth J. , Jeng Bennie H. , Troxel Andrea B. , Lee Myeonggyun , Shakarov Gabriel , Hochman Judith , Gillespie Colleen 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To present the results of a survey of the Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) investigators regarding barriers to the enrollment of study participants and approaches to overcome them.

Methods:
ZEDS is a multicenter randomized clinical trial supported by the National Eye Institute to determine whether prolonged suppressive valacyclovir reduces the complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), relative to placebo. Enrollment of study participants is currently far below expectations. An institutional review board–approved anonymous internet survey was conducted of ZEDS investigators to study their experiences and opinions regarding barriers to enrollment and various approaches to overcome them.

Results:
The overall survey response rate was 54% (79/145). Only 29% (23/79) agreed that it is easy to enroll study participants. Regarding patient barriers, 69% (55/79) agreed that HZO patients want to be treated with antiviral medication and 69% (54/78) agreed that HZO patients on antivirals do not want to be randomized. Regarding personal barriers facing investigators, 91% (72/79) agreed that antivirals are effective and 100% that the research questions ZEDS is designed to answer are very important. Fewer than 30% of respondents believed that steps taken to increase enrollment have been very helpful. Over half (54%, 42/78) believed that advertising on social media would be moderately or very effective.

Conclusions:
Belief among ZEDS investigators that antivirals are effective, and the preference of patients to be treated with antivirals rather than be randomized in ZEDS, are major barriers to enrollment. New approaches to overcoming barriers are necessary to develop an evidence-based standard of care for treatment of HZO.
Donor DMEK Tissue Characteristics: Association With Rebubble Rate and 6-Month Endothelial Cell Loss
Authors: Straiko Michael D. , Bauer Alex J. , Straiko Megan M. W. , Potts Luke B. , Chen Shin-Yi , Tran Khoa D. , Terry Mark A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To determine whether specific donor characteristics influence postoperative rebubble rate and 6-month endothelial cell loss (ECL) in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 857 DMEK surgeries using eye bank-prepared donor tissue was performed between September 2013 and April 2018. DMEK graft characteristics including donor age, preoperative endothelial cell density (ECD), preservation time, death-to-preservation time, and donor diabetes status were analyzed for correlation with rebubble rate and 6-month postoperative ECL. Subgroup analyses of donor age, preoperative ECD, preservation time, death-to-preservation time, preparation-to-surgery time, and diabetes severity were also performed. Statistically significant relationships between donor characteristics and rebubble rate or 6-month postoperative ECL were determined using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 analysis.

Results:
The overall rate of rebubble after 857 surgeries performed by 7 surgeons during the study period was 12.6%. There was no significant relationship between postoperative rebubble rate and donor age, preoperative ECD, preservation time, death-to-preservation time, preparation-to-surgery time, or donor diabetes status. The subgroup analysis of these characteristics also yielded no significant relationship with rebubble rate. There was also no significant relationship between 6-month postoperative ECL and analyzed donor factors.

Conclusions:
Donor characteristics such as higher donor age, lower preoperative ECD (<2500), longer preservation time, and donor diabetes did not increase the rebubble rate or the 6-month ECL after DMEK. These results indicate that common surgeon preferences for donor tissues that are younger, fresher, with higher cell count, and without diabetes do not translate into superior postsurgical outcomes.
The “Yogurt” Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft Preparation: A Novel Quick and Safe Method for Both Inexperienced and Senior Surgeons
Authors: Tzamalis Argyrios , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Romano Vito , Arbabi Esmaeil , Borroni Davide , Wojcik Gabriela , Ferrari Stefano , Ziakas Nikolaos , Kaye Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To describe and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel technique to prepare Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) donor grafts using a newly designed partial-thickness hinge punch.

Methods:
The novel punch has a circular guarded blade missing 1 clock hour, creating an uncut hinge on the donor cornea. In addition, 2 straight cuts are made by the punch perpendicular to the edge of trephination toward the trabecular meshwork in the hinge area. After the donor corneoscleral rim is positioned endothelial side up, a partial-thickness trephination is performed avoiding any rotational movements. Descemet membrane is lifted from Schwalbe line in the hinge area, and DMEK graft is peeled after desired marking without further preparation.

Results:
Three surgeons of different experience levels on DMEK (senior/independent/fellow) initially applied the new technique in 18 research corneas, divided into equal groups. Two failures in graft preparation were noted, defined as radial tears extending ≥0.5 mm. The mean preparation time was 6.21 ± 1.45 minutes. No statistically significant differences were noted in success rate, duration, and endothelial cell loss (ECL) between surgeons (P > 0.05). ECL was evaluated as an average of 5 readings on randomly selected graft areas, not including graft periphery. Fifteen additional research corneas were stripped by 1 single user in an eye bank setting. No tissue loss was recorded, whereas ECL and mortality rate remained unaffected after preparation (P = 0.64 and P = 0.72, respectively).

Conclusions:
This new DMEK graft preparation technique, simulating the opening of a yogurt cup, seems to be a safe and an efficient method, providing shorter preparation time and low failure rates independent of surgeon's experience level.
Determinants of the use of nonpharmacological analgesia for labor pain management: a national population-based study
Authors: Merrer Jade , Chantry Anne A. , Khoshnood Babak , Blondel Béatrice , Le Ray Camille , Bonnet Marie-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Besides neuraxial analgesia, nonpharmacological methods are also proposed to help women coping with pain during labor. We aimed to identify the individual and organizational factors associated with the use of nonpharmacological analgesia for labor pain management. Women who attempted vaginal delivery with labor analgesia were selected among participants included in the 2016 National Perinatal Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study. Labor analgesia was studied as neuraxial analgesia alone, nonpharmacological analgesia alone, and neuraxial and nonpharmacological analgesia combined. The associations were studied using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. Among the 9231 women included, 62.4% had neuraxial analgesia alone, 6.4% had nonpharmacological analgesia alone, and 31.2% had both. Nonpharmacological analgesia alone or combined with neuraxial analgesia were both associated with high educational level (adjusted odds ratio 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.23 and 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.63), antenatal preference to deliver without neuraxial analgesia, and public maternity unit status. Nonpharmacological analgesia alone was more frequent among multiparous women, and in maternity units with an anesthesiologist not dedicated to delivery unit (1.57; 95% CI, 1.16-2.12) and with the lowest midwife workload (2.15; 95% CI, 1.43-3.22). Neuraxial and nonpharmacological analgesia combined was negatively associated with inadequate prenatal care (0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.94). In France, most women who had nonpharmacological analgesia during labor used it as a complementary method to neuraxial analgesia. The use of nonpharmacological analgesia combined with neuraxial analgesia mainly depends on the woman's preference, but also on socioeconomic factors, quality of prenatal care, and care organization.
Effects of using text message interventions for the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review
Authors: Fritsch Carolina G. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Prior Joanna L. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Ferreira Manuela L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain is the greatest cause of disability worldwide. Owing to its increasing prevalence and burden, the importance of affordable treatments has been highlighted. Text message interventions are accessible, low cost, and effective in promoting healthy behaviour and managing chronic diseases. However, little is known about their role in musculoskeletal pain. This systematic review was conducted to appraise the literature on the effects of text messages (as an intervention or a component of an intervention) compared with any control on pain and function in people with musculoskeletal pain (PROSPERO: CRD42018117371). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PEDro databases were searched from inception to April 2020. Keywords relating to musculoskeletal pain, text messages, and randomised controlled trials were combined. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro score. Of the 12,022 studies identified, 11 were included, with a mean PEDro score of 5.4/10 points (SD 1.3). Pooled analyses were not performed because of heterogeneity of interventions and clinical characteristics. When text messages were added to and compared with usual care, some positive effects were found only on treatment adherence. Although small and inconsistent, some positive effects were reported for pain intensity, function, care-seeking behaviour, adherence, and quality of life when text messages were added to multicomponent interventions. Moreover, text message and telephone counselling interventions had similar effects on function. Overall included studies were of limited methodological quality and heterogeneous. However, our results indicate potential benefits of text messages in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, which need to be confirmed in future trials.
Patient Preferences in Sound Processor Loading Time After BAHI Surgery
Authors: Caspers Coosje Jacoba Isabella , Kruyt Ivo Joachim , Mylanus Emmanuel Antonius Maria , Nelissen Rik Chrétien , Hol Myrthe Karianne Sophie 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Sound processor loading times after bone-anchored hearing implant (BAHI) surgery have gradually decreased over time. This study assessed patient preferences in loading time.

Study Design:
Prospective patient questionnaire study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Patients indicated for BAHI surgery received two questionnaires preoperatively: the validated Glasgow Health Status Inventory (GHSI) and a nonvalidated questionnaire that assessed patient preference for loading time and the rationale behind it. This preference questionnaire was also provided immediately, 7 days and 3 weeks (moment of sound processor loading at our center) postoperatively.

Main Outcome Measures:
The preoperative and postoperative preferred loading time and the postoperative changes in preference were determined. Correlations between preference and patient-specific variables were assessed.

Results:
Sixty patients were included. Preoperatively, 70% preferred loading within 1 week after surgery. Of all patients, 43% preferred loading on the day of surgery, mainly motivated by the fast hearing rehabilitation and practical considerations. These preferences were not correlated with the total GHSI score or duration of hearing loss. Directly postoperatively, no change in preference was observed. However, 7 days and 3 weeks after surgery, significantly more patients preferred loading at a later moment. At 7 days and at 3 weeks, 50 and 40% preferred loading within 1 week, and 12.5 and 7.5% preferred loading on the day of surgery, respectively.

Conclusion:
The preference for the timing of sound processor loading varied among patients and differed pre- and postoperatively. Despite the postoperative decline in patients preferring earlier loading, approximately half of all patients preferred sound processor loading within 1 week after BAHI surgery.
Association of Speech Recognition Thresholds With Brain Volumes and White Matter Microstructure: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Armstrong Nicole M. , Croll Pauline H. , Oosterloo Berthe C. , Lin Frank R. , Ikram M. Arfan , Goedegebure André , Vernooij Meike W. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Brain volumetric declines may underlie the association between hearing loss and dementia. While much is known about the peripheral auditory function and brain volumetric declines, poorer central auditory speech processing may also be associated with decreases in brain volumes.

Methods:
Central auditory speech processing, measured by the speech recognition threshold (SRT) from the Digits-in-Noise task, and neuroimaging assessments (structural magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from diffusion tensor imaging), were assessed cross-sectionally in 2,368 Rotterdam Study participants aged 51.8 to 97.8 years. SRTs were defined continuously and categorically by degrees of auditory performance (normal, insufficient, and poor). Brain volumes from structural MRI were assessed on a global and lobar level, as well as for specific dementia-related structures (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus). Multivariable linear regression models adjusted by age, age-squared, sex, educational level, alcohol consumption, intracranial volume (MRI only), cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, current smoking), and pure-tone average were used to determine associations between SRT and brain structure.

Results:
Poorer central auditory speech processing was associated with larger parietal lobe volume (difference in mL per dB increase= 0.24, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.42), but not with diffusion tensor imaging measures. Degrees of auditory performance were not associated with brain volumes and white matter microstructure.

Conclusions:
Central auditory speech processing in the presence of both vascular burden and pure-tone average may not be related to brain volumes and white matter microstructure. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to explore these relationships thoroughly.
Oral preexposure prophylaxis continuation, measurement and reporting
Authors: Stankevitz Kayla , Grant Hannah , Lloyd Josie , Gomez Gabriela B. , Kripke Katharine , Torjesen Kristine , Ong Jason J. , Terris-Prestholt Fern 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to appropriately plan for rollout and monitor impact of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It is important to understand PrEP continuation and come to a consensus on how best to measure PrEP continuation. This study reviews data on PrEP continuation to document how it is reported, and to compare continuation over time and across populations.

Design:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health and reviewed abstracts from HIV conferences from 2017 to 2018 for studies reporting primary data on PrEP continuation. Findings were summarized along a PrEP cascade and continuation was presented by population at months 1, 6 and 12, with random-effects meta-analysis.

Results:
Of 2578 articles and 596 abstracts identified, 41 studies were eligible covering 22 034 individuals. Continuation data were measured and reported inconsistently. Results showed high discontinuation at month 1 and persistent discontinuation at later time points in many studies. Pooled continuation estimates were 66% at month 1 [n = 5348; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 48–82], 63% at month 6 (n = 13 629; 95% CI: 48–77) and 71% at month 12 (n = 14 933; 95% CI: 60–81; higher estimate than previous timepoints due to inclusion of different studies). Adequate data were not available to reliably compare estimates across populations.

Conclusion:
This review found that discontinuation at one month was high, suggesting PrEP initiations may be a poor measure of effectiveness. Continuation declined further over time in many studies, indicating existing cross-sectional indicators may not be adequate to understand PrEP use patterns. Studies do not measure continuation consistently, and consensus is needed.
Association Between CD4 Count and Chemoradiation Therapy Outcomes Among Cervical Cancer Patients With HIV
Authors: Grover Surbhi , Mehta Priyanka , Wang Qiao , Bhatia Rohini , Bvochora-Nsingo Memory , Davey Sonya , Iyengar Meera , Shah Sidrah , Shin Sanghyuk S. , Zetola Nicola M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In Botswana, nearly two-thirds of cervical cancer patients are HIV-positive. This study examined the relationship between CD4 count and chemoradiation therapy outcomes among cervical cancer patients with HIV.

Setting:
A prospective cohort study of 231 HIV-positive women with locally invasive cervical cancer was conducted in Gaborone, Botswana from January 2015 to February 2018.

Methods:
Primary outcome was survival, defined as time from scheduled end of chemoradiation therapy to death or last contact with patient. Nadir CD4 count was defined as lowest CD4 available before cancer diagnosis. Delta CD4 count was defined as improvement from nadir CD4 to CD4 at cancer diagnosis. Hazard ratio (HR) analyses were adjusted for presenting variables (age, baseline hemoglobin, cancer stage, and performance status) and treatment variables (chemotherapy cycles and radiation dose).

Results:
Two hundred thirty-one patients were included in nadir CD4 analysis; 139 were included in delta CD4 analysis. Higher delta CD4 was significantly associated with reduced mortality after adjusting for presenting and treatment variables (CD4 100–249: HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.95; CD4 ≥250: HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.02). Higher nadir CD4 showed a trend toward reduced mortality after adjusting for presenting and treatment variables (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.06).

Conclusions:
Higher delta CD4 (greater improvement from nadir CD4 to CD4 at cervical cancer diagnosis) is significantly associated with lower mortality. Although not statistically significant, data suggest that higher nadir CD4 may reduce mortality. These results reinforce the importance of early HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy initiation, as their effects influence cervical cancer outcomes years later.