bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-associated cryptic transcription in mammalian stem cells is linked to permissive chromatin at cryptic promoters
Authors: McCauley Brenna , Sun Luyang , Yu Ruofan , Leeman Dena , Huang Yun , Webb Ashley , Dang Weiwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Suppressing spurious cryptic transcription by a repressive intragenic chromatin state featuring trimethylated lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3) and DNA methylation is critical for maintaining self-renewal capacity in mouse embryonic stem cells. In yeast and nematodes, such cryptic transcription is elevated with age, and reducing the levels of age-associated cryptic transcription extends yeast lifespan. Whether cryptic transcription is also increased during mammalian aging is unknown. We show for the first time an age-associated elevation in cryptic transcription in several stem cell populations, including murine hematopoietic stem cells (mHSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using DECAP-seq, we mapped and quantified age-associated cryptic transcription in hMSCs aged in vitro. Regions with significant age-associated cryptic transcription have a unique chromatin signature: decreased H3K36me3 and increased H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac with age. Furthermore, genomic regions undergoing such age-dependent chromatin changes resemble known promoter sequences and are bound by the promoter-associated protein TBP even in young cells. Hence, the more permissive chromatin state at intragenic cryptic promoters likely underlies the increase of cryptic transcription in aged mammalian stem cells.
Enhancement of the Antioxidant and Skin Permeation Properties of Eugenol by the Esterification of Eugenol to New Derivatives
Authors: MAKUCH EDYTA , Nowak Anna , Günther Andrzej , Pełech Robert , Kucharski Łukasz , Duchnik Wiktoria , Klimowicz Adam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity and assess the lipophilicity and skin penetration of eugenyl chloroacetate (EChA), eugenyl dichloroacetate (EDChA), and eugenyl trichloroacetate (ETChA). Identification of the obtained products was based on gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the analysis of 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectra. The antioxidative capacity of the derivatives obtained was determined by the DPPH free radical reduction method, while the octanol/water partition coefficient (shake-flask method) was tested to determine the lipophilicity of these compounds. In the next stage of testing EDChA and ETChA–(compounds characterized by the highest degree of free radical scavenging), the penetration of DPPH through pig skin and its accumulation in the skin were evaluated. For comparison, penetration studies of eugenol alone as well as dichloroacetic acid (DChAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TChAA) were also carried out. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods) of the fluid that penetrated through pig skin was also evaluated. The in vitro pig skin penetration study showed that eugenol derivatives are particularly relevant for topical application. The obtained derivatives were characterized by a high level of antioxidant activity estimated after 24 hours of conducting the experiment, which indicates long-term protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the deeper layers of the skin.
Effect of Mixing Temperature, Ultrasonication Duration and Nanoparticles/Surfactant Concentration on the Dispersion Performance of Al2O3 Nanolubricants
Authors: Liu Haijun , Hou Xianjun , Li Xiaoxue , Jiang Hua , Tian Zekun , Ali Mohamed Kamal Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main goal of this study is to improve the dispersion stability of Al2O3 nanoparticles in polyalphaolefin oil to overcome the sedimentation problem of nanoparticles using the addition of oleic acid as a surfactant. This work investigates the effect of the settling time, temperature, ultrasonic duration and nanoparticles/surfactant (oleic acid) concentration on the dispersion stability of Al2O3 nanoparticles in oil-based solutions. Herein, the visual observation, UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to evaluate the dispersion stability of the Al2O3 nanoparticles. The results reveal that the thermal method during the synthesis of nanofluids using 50 °C temperature improves the dispersion of nanoparticles. The results also exhibited that increasing the ultrasonic amplitude and prolonging the ultrasonic time during the synthesis of nanofluids influences the dispersion stability. The results showed that the nanolubricant with 0.8 wt.% oleic acid provides better dispersion behavior. Furthermore, the nanolubricants containing 0.005wt% and 0.01wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding dispersion performance, and the stability time reached more than 160 days.
Incidence and Predictors of&nbsp;Early Loss to Follow Up Among Patients Initiated on Protease Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Edwin Nuwagira , Lumori Boniface A. E , Muhindo Rose , Kanyesigye Micheal , Amir Abdallar , Muyindike Winnie , Muzoora Conrad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Good adherence to antiretroviral treatment and retention in care are essential for the effectiveness of an HIV care program. With the current increase in numbers of people living with HIV taking second-line ART in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to establish their treatment outcomes and the rate of loss to follow up. In this study, we determined the incidence and predictors of loss to follow up among patients taking second-line ART at an experienced HIV treatment center in southwestern Uganda.Methods: This was a retrospective review of an electronic database at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. Second-line ART included at least two of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a boosted protease-inhibitor. Loss to follow up was defined as failure to return to the health facility for care or treatment refill for 180 days or more from the previous visit. After excluding children less than 15 years, we pooled data that included socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for adults who started second-line ART between 2002 and 2017. Multiple imputation was done for variables with missing data. Variables that had a p< 0.05 in unadjusted bivariate analyses were included in a multivariate binomial regression model using a stepwise backward selection procedure to describe the factors that independently predicted loss to follow up. Results: Between 2002 and 2017, 1121 patients had been initiated on second-line ART. We included data from 924 participants and of these, 518 (56.1%) were female, the mean age (SD) was 38.4 (±10.5 )years, and 433(52.4%) had a CD4 count less than 100 cells/µl at the start of second-line ART. The incidence of loss to follow up was 26.7 per 100 person-years. Male gender (Adjusted risk ratio (ARR) =1.8, 95% CI 1.5 -2.0) p <0.001 and anemia ARR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) p<0.001 were strongly associated with loss to follow up. Conclusions: There is a high incidence of loss to follow up among patients taking protease-inhibitor based second-line ART at a tertiary HIV center in South-Western Uganda. There is a need to routinely measure hemoglobin during clinic reviews, and establish mechanisms to retain males initiated on second-line ART in care. The association of anemia and loss to follow up needs to be investigated.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF LYMPHOID POPULATIONS IN RABBIT JEJUNAL PEYER’S PATCH
Authors: Khomych Volodymyr , Fedorenko Olha 
Published: October 2020

Rabbits are an important livestock animal species, which are used for their meat and fur. Nowadays they are also becoming more popular as pets. Furthermore, rabbits are commonly used in research, inter alia in immunological studies and for studying pathogenesis of human and animal diseases. The lymphoid tissue is abundant in the rabbit intestine and a lot of it is concentrated in Peyer's patches, the majority of which is located in the jejunum. Understanding of the rabbit Peyer's patches functions is essential for the prevention and treatment of their diseases. In order to enhance it, accurate knowledge of its lymphocyte population composition is needed. At present, the cellular composition of the rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish the content and localization of lymphoid populations in the domestic rabbit jejunal Peyer’s patches. We performed immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD10 and CD20 (DAKO, Denmark) to identify the distribution of lymphoid populations in jejunal Peyer's patches of a mature domestic rabbit. The results, obtained in our study, complement the existing data and determine the main lymphoid populations in the rabbit jejunal Peyer's patches. The presented data are fundamental for further studies of the rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We found that lymphoid nodules of jejunal Peyer's patches contains a predominant CD20+ cell population (B cells). It also contains many CD10+ cells (precursors of T cells and B cells), which are mostly concentrated in the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules. In the diffuse form of the lymphoid tissue the vast majority of cells are CD3+ cells (T cells)
ELABORATION OF THE RESEARCH METHOD FOR MILK DISPERSION IN THE JET-SLOT TYPE HOMOGENIZER
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Kovalyov Alexandr , Oleksiienko Vadym , Palianychka Nadiia , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii , Horielkov Dmytro , Zolotukhina Inna , Slashcheva Alina 
Published: October 2020

The competitiveness improvement of milk products is directly connected with a problem of decreasing energy consumption of the process of milk emulsion dispersion. At creating promising types of energy effective dispersers, a necessary condition is to elaborate a correct methodology for studying them that takes into account the specificity of the process of fat milk microemulsion dispersion. Based on the critical analysis of research methods for homogenizers of different types, there have been determined main directions of their improvement, taken into account in the elaborated research method for a promising jet-slot type milk homogenizer. The method of theoretical studies, including a choice and analysis of stable and changeable factors of the homogenization process in a jet-slot type homogenizer and optimization criteria, has been elaborated. The interconnection of technological, constructive, hydraulic parameters with a dispersion quality has been demonstrated. The influence of physical-mechanical properties of milk as a research object was taken into account. An optimal milk temperature was chosen for the studies. Factor variation limits have been substantiated. The constructive scheme of a chamber for the experimental homogenizer has been developed. At processing the experimental research methodology, the main stage was to develop an experimental set for studying the influence of changeable factors of the dispersion process on a homogenization quality. Dispersion quality estimation methods have been analyzed and the method of microphotography has been chosen with further computed analysis of obtained data. The elaborated methodology was used at studying the influence of cream fat and ring slot width on a dispersion quality in a jet-slot type homogenizer. The obtained data allow to determine rational parameters of cream fat – 40–50 % and slot width – 0.1 mm. The analysis of dispersed characteristics of the milk emulsion allows to make a conclusion about the high homogenization quality, comparing with processing in a valve homogenizer
Penguatan Karakter Toleran dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Whole Language di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Ibda Hamidulloh 
Published: October 2020

<p>This article discusses the dynamics of intolerance from aspects of mind, language, action and solution through strengthening the education of tolerant character in learning Indonesian. Intolerance in practice can be harsh words, hate speech, harassment, until the action of radicalism. Strengthening character education is a mandate that must be implemented in Islamic elementary education. There are seventeen required implemented characters. Start religious character, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard working, creative independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationality, love of the homeland, appreciate achievement, communicative, love peace, love reading, caring environment, social care, and responsible. Tolerance became one of the urgent characters strengthened in this era of the fourth industrial revolution. The language of the children represents its character. The more polite, refined, and tolerant of their language, the stronger the character is polite, refined, and tolerant to them, and vice versa. Indonesian language learning with whole language approach can strengthen the tolerant character because it is done intact, integral, not partial from aspects of listening, reading, writing and speaking. The language understanding in this approach is not just textual, but contextual and even intertextual. Indonesian language learning through whole language approach aims to strengthen the character of tolerant, polite, social care and boils down to the attitude of religious tolerance. There are two indicators of religious tolerance, to people of fellow religion, and tolerance to people of different religions.</p>
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA DAN MENULIS MAHASISWA ASING MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA DI UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG
Authors: Handayani Maya Rini 
Published: October 2020

<p align="center">Abstraksi</p><p> </p><p>Artikel ini membahas mengenai kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden yang merupakan mahasiswa asing di UIN Walisongo Semarang. Responden berasal dari wilayah kelompok propinsi Thailand Selatan. Kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden diukur menggunakan indikator bahasa Indonesia (Bahasa) yaitu kemampuan membaca dan menulis. Responden berjumlah 37 orang, terdiri dari 25 mahasiswi dan 12 mahasiswa yang tersebar di 3 fakultas di UIN Walisongo Semarang. Responden berusia antara 20 hingga 28 tahun dari angkatan 2012 hingga 2016. Bahasa asli dari responden adalah bahasa Melayu. Bahasa kedua yang dikuasai responden adalah bahasa Thailand. Responden belum cukup mempunyai bekal kemampuan Bahasa sebelum tiba di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data pada artikel ini menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil temuan yang diperoleh untuk indikator membaca adalah <em>mean</em> atau rata-rata responden dalam membaca tulisan Bahasa berada pada angka 22. Angka tersebut berada di antara interval 21 – 22 yang menunjuk pada kategori sedang. Sedangkan hasil temuan untuk indikator menulis adalah <em>mean</em> berada pada angka 25. Angka 25 terletak di antara interval 24 – 25 yang menunjuk pada kategori sedang. Kategori ini menggunakan interval standar lima yaitu sangat tinggi, tinggi, sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dalam artikel ini adalah baik kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden menggunakan Bahasa berada pada kategori sedang.</p><p>Kata kunci : membaca, menulis Bahasa, mahasiswa Thailand Selatan</p><p> </p><p align="center">***</p><p align="center">Abstract</p><p>This article discusses the writing and reading skills of South Thailand students at UIN Walisongo Semarang. The respondents were from the province of South Thailand, their skills were measured by using an indicator of ability to write and speak <em>Bahasa</em>. They were 37 students from 2012 till 2016, who aged between 20 to 28 years old. The 12 students were males while the rest were female students. These students were spread across 3 faculties. Their original language was Malay whereas the second one was Thai. They actually did not have adequate language skills preparation before having come to Indonesia. Data were collected by using questionnaires with average skills of reading <em>Bahasa</em> was 22. The score of 22 is located between 21-22 interval, which it refers to medium category. While the average of writing skills was in 25 (in a medium category as well). The conclusion that can be obtained in this article is that both the ability to read and write respondents using the language is in the medium category.</p><p>Keywords :reading, writing Bahasa, students of South Thailand</p>***
Water accounting for water management at the river basin scale in India: approaches and gaps
Authors: Bassi Nitin , Schmidt Guido , De Stefano Lucia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this research paper is to assess the extent to which the concept of water accounting has been applied for water management at the river basin scale in India. For this, the study first assesses the importance given to the use of water accounting for water management in India's national water policy. It then analyses the evolution of water accounting approaches in India through a systematic review of the past research studies on the theme. Further, it looks at their contribution to decision-making concerning allocation of water resources and resolving conflicts over water sharing. Finally, it identifies the existing gaps in the methodologies for water accounting so far used in India.
Risk assessment models to investigate the impact of emergency on a water supply system
Authors: Shi Honghua , Wang Xiaosheng , Guo Haiying , Hao Huifeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A water supply system is a critical infrastructure to support industrial and agricultural production and human life. It often operates abnormally in an emergent risk situation, resulting in shortage or suspension of water supply, even health risk and economic losses. In order to reduce negative impacts posed by these potential threats, identifying and evaluating possible risks in a water supply system has been becoming more necessary. For this reason, we establish two risk assessment models in accordance with two different situations based on uncertainty theory in the presence of insufficient historical data. In the proposed models, we first discuss emergency in three respects: the possibility of emergency occurrence, the consequence caused by emergency and system vulnerability. Then the risk to a water supply system is defined by the uncertain measure of loss-positive by incorporating a risk tolerance index and loss function contributed by the above analysis. Moreover, several theorems for calculating the risk index of series and parallel water supply systems are presented. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed models by implementing a series of numerical examples and further present some noteworthy observations.
Electrochemical treatment of real petrochemical effluent: current density effect and toxicological tests
Authors: de Melo Jaqueline Ferreira , de Araújo Danyelle Medeiros , Ribeiro da Silva Djalma , Villegas-Guzman Paola , Martínez-Huitle Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the electrochemical treatment of petrochemical industry effluents (from the northwest region of Brazil) mediated by active chlorine species electrogenerated at ruthenium-titanium oxide supported in titanium (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) and boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes by applying 15 and 45 mA cm−2. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) determinations and toxicity analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the process extension as well as the possible reuse of the wastewater after treatment. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) stem growth, seed germination, and the production of nitrite (NO−2) and nitrate (NO−3) species. Results clearly showed that the best COD reduction performances were reached at the BDD anode, achieving almost 100% of removal in a short time. Degradation of nitrogen-organic compounds generated NO−2 and NO−3 which act as nutrients for lettuce. Toxicity results also indicated that the electrogenerated active chlorine species are persistent in the effluent after the treatment, avoiding the stem growth, and consequently affecting the germination.
Innovation potentials for construction materials with specific focus on the challenges in Africa
Authors: Schmidt Wolfram , Otieno Mike , Olonade Kolawole , Radebe Nonkululeko , Van-Damme Henri , Tunji-Olayeni Patience , Kenai Said , Tetteh Tawiah Angela , Manful Kuukuwa , Akinwale Akeem , Mbugua Rose , Rogge Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Africa is urgently in need of adequate basic infrastructure and housing, and it is one of the continents where massive construction activities are on the rise. There is a vast variety of potentially viable resources for sustainable construction on the continents, and consequently, the continent can bring innovative, greener technologies based on local sources effectively into practice. However, unlike established concrete constituents from industrialised countries in the global North, most of the innovation potentials from the African continent have not yet been the focus of intensive fundamental and applied research. This clearly limits the implementation of more sustainable local technologies.
This paper presents a case for the need to first appreciate the rich diversity and versatility of the African continent which is often not realistically perceived and appreciated. It discusses specific innovation potentials and challenges for cementitious materials and concrete technology based on local materials derived from sources on the African continent. The unique African materials solutions are presented and discussed, from mineral binders over chemical admixtures and fibres to reinforcement and aggregates. Due to the pressing challenges faced by Africa, with regards to population growth and urbanisation, the focus is not only put on the technological (durability, robustness and safety) and environmental sustainability, but also strongly on socio-economic applicability, adaptability and scalability. This includes a review of alternative, traditional and vernacular construction technologies such as materials-saving structures that help reducing cementitious materials. Eventually, a strategic research roadmap is hypothesised that points out the most relevant potentials and research needs for quick implementation of more localised construction materials.
Gentse kermissen.
Authors: Devriese Luc 
Published: October 2020

In de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw vierde men geen Gentse Feesten maar een hele reeks wijk- of parochiekermissen. Er bestond een waarachtig kermisseizoen dat in volle zomer (14 juli) begon en zo maar eventjes drieënhalve maanden besloeg, met acht kermissen gespreid over die periode. Blijkbaar slaagden sommige feestneuzen erin van de ene kermis naar de andere te trekken en dat zo lang uit te houden.