bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the development of a cleft lip and/or cleft palate; insights from zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Atukorala Atukorallaya Devi Sewvandini , Ratnayake Ravindra Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are immediately recognizable congenital abnormalities of the face. Lip and palate develop from facial primordia through the coordinated activities of ectodermal epithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs) derived from ectomesenchyme tissue. Subtle changes in the regulatory mechanisms of NCC or ectodermal epithelial cells can result in CLP. Genetic and environmental contributions or a combination of both play a significant role in the progression of CLP. Model organisms provide us with a wealth of information in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic etiology of this complex disease. Small teleost, zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the popular model in craniofacial developmental biology. The short generation time and large number of optically transparent, easily manipulated embryos increase the value of zebrafish to identify novel candidate genes and gene regulatory networks underlying craniofacial development. In addition, it is widely used to identify the mechanisms of environmental teratogens and in therapeutic drug screening. Here, we discuss the value of zebrafish as a model to understand epithelial and NCC induced ectomesenchymal cell activities during early palate morphogenesis and robustness of the zebrafish in modern research on identifying the genetic and environmental etiological factors of CLP.
Localization of alpha‐actinin‐4 during infections by actin remodeling bacteria
Authors: Dhanda Aaron S. , Yang Diana , Guttman Julian A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBacterial pathogens cause disease by subverting the structure and function of their target host cells. Several foodborne agents such asListeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes),Shigella flexneri(S. flexneri),Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton to cause diarrheal (and systemic) infections. During infections, these invasive and adherent pathogens hijack the actin filaments of their host cells and rearrange them into discrete actin‐rich structures that promote bacterial adhesion (via pedestals), invasion (via membrane ruffles and endocytic cups), intracellular motility (via comet/rocket tails) and/or intercellular dissemination (via membrane protrusions and invaginations). We have previously shown that actin‐rich structures generated byL. monocytogenescontain the host actin cross‐linker α‐actinin‐4. Here we set out to examine α‐actinin‐4 during other key steps of theL. monocytogenesinfectious cycle as well as characterize the subcellular distribution of α‐actinin‐4 during infections with other model actin‐hijacking bacterial pathogens (S. flexneri,S.Typhimurium and EPEC). Although α‐actinin‐4 is absent at sites of initialL. monocytogenesinvasion, we show that it is a new component of the membrane invaginations formed during secondary infections of neighboring host cells. Importantly, we reveal that α‐actinin‐4 also localizes to the major actin‐rich structures generated during cell culture infections withS. flexneri(comet/rocket tails and membrane protrusions),S.Typhimurium (membrane ruffles) and EPEC (pedestals). Taken together, these findings suggest that α‐actinin‐4 is a host factor that is exploited by an assortment of actin‐hijacking bacterial pathogens.
Foot fat pad: Characterization by mesenchymal stromal cells in rats
Authors: Zhang Zijun , Paudel Sharada , Feltham Tyler , Lobao Mario H. , Schon Lew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFoot fat pad (FFP) is a highly functionalized fat depot of great significance for weight bearing in the foot. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in subcutaneous adipose tissues are widely studied for regenerative potentials. MSCs in FFP, which may contribute to the physiological and pathological conditions of the foot, have not been characterized. In this study, MSCs were isolated from FFP (designated as MSCs‐ffp) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (designated as MSCs‐sub) from rats. The cell surface markers, proliferation, and efficiency of colony formation were compared between MSCs‐ffp and MSCs‐sub. In addition, MSCs‐ffp were induced for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. The tri‐lineage differentiation potentials were compared between MSCs‐ffp and MSCs‐sub by the expression of Runx2, Sox9, and proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ), respectively, using quantitative polymerized chain reaction. The expression of elastin and associated genes by MSCs‐ffp were also evaluated. MSCs‐ffp, like MSCs‐sub, expressed CD44, CD73, and CD90. MSCs‐ffp and MSCs‐sub proliferated at similar rates but MSCs‐ffp formed more colonies than MSCs‐sub. MSCs‐ffp were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Under the conditions of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, MSCs‐sub expressed more Runx2 and PPAR‐γ, respectively, than MSCs‐ffp. The undifferentiated MSCs‐ffp upregulated the expression of fibulin‐5. In conclusion, MSCs‐ffp shared common biology with MSCs‐sub but were more efficient in colony formation, less adipogenic and osteogenic, and participated in elastogenesis. The unique features of MSCs‐ffp may relate to their roles in the physiological functions of FFP.
A 3D ontogenetic atlas of Alligator mississippiensis cranial nerves and their significance for comparative neurology of reptiles
Authors: Lessner Emily J. , Holliday Casey M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCranial nerves are key features of the nervous system and vertebrate body plan. However, little is known about the anatomical relationships and ontogeny of cranial nerves in crocodylians and other reptiles, hampering understanding of adaptations, evolution, and development of special senses, somatosensation, and motor control of cranial organs. Here we share three dimensional (3D) models an of the cranial nerves and cranial nerve targets of embryonic, juvenile, and adult American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) derived from iodine‐contrast CT imaging, for the first time, exploring anatomical patterns of cranial nerves across ontogeny. These data reveal the tradeoffs of using contrast‐enhanced CT data as well as patterns in growth and development of the alligator cranial nervous system. Though contrast‐enhanced CT scanning allows for reconstruction of numerous tissue types in a nondestructive manner, it is still limited by size and resolution. The position of alligator cranial nerves varies little with respect to other cranial structures yet grow at different rates as the skull elongates. These data constrain timing of trigeminal and sympathetic ganglion fusion and reveal morphometric differences in nerve size and path during growth. As demonstrated by these data, alligator cranial nerve morphology is useful in understanding patterns of neurological diversity and distribution, evolution of sensory and muscular innervation, and developmental homology of cranial regions, which in turn, lead to inferences of physiology and behavior.
The bovine kidney as an experimental model: Simulated partial nephrectomy of the cranial pole and proportional analysis of the arterial segments
Authors: Zidde Daniel H. , Sampaio Francisco J. , De Souza Diogo B. , Pereira‐Sampaio Marco A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the pig kidney is not a good model for some procedures. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the collecting system and the intrarenal arteries, the arterial segments, and to evaluate the bovine kidney as an experimental model for partial nephrectomy of the cranial pole. Polyester resin endocasts of the kidney collecting system together with the intrarenal arteries were prepared. Thirty‐two kidneys were used to evaluate the relationship between the collecting system and the intrarenal arteries, while 25 kidneys were transversally sectioned at different points to simulate partial nephrectomy of the cranial pole. Polyester resin of different colors was injected into each segmental artery of the 24 kidneys to evaluate the arterial segments proportionally. The renal artery was divided into cranial and caudal primary branches in 75% of the cases. The cranioventral branch curved on the cranial pole and ran toward the ventral mid‐zone in 56.3% of the cases, resembling the retropelvic artery of the human kidney. The kidney was divided into two (25%) or three (75%) arterial segments. The caudal arterial segment had the highest proportional volume (62%). The cranioventral branch was damaged in 28.6% of the kidneys sectioned 1 cm inside the hilum. The arterial branching pattern, the arterial segmentation, and the impairment of the arterial supply after the simulated partial nephrectomy of the cranial pole are quite different from those found in humans. Thus, all differences should be taken into account when using the bovine kidney as a model.
nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV versus 5‐FU/LV in post‐gemcitabine metastatic pancreatic cancer: Randomized phase 2 trial in Japanese patients
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Nakamori Shoji , Sugimori Kazuya , Kanai Masashi , Ikeda Masafumi , Ozaka Masato , Furukawa Masayuki , Okusaka Takuji , Kawabe Ken , Furuse Junji , Komatsu Yoshito , Ishii Hiroshi , Sato Atsushi , Shimizu Satoshi , Chugh Priti , Tang Rui , Ioka Tatsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the NAPOLI‐1 phase 3 trial, liposomal irinotecan (nal‐IRI) +5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin (5‐FU/LV) significantly increased mPFS versus 5‐FU/LV (3.1 vs. 1.5 months [unstratified HR = 0.56, p = 0.0001]) in patients with mPAC that progressed on prior gemcitabine‐based therapy. This randomized phase 2 trial evaluated nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV tolerability (Part 1), safety, and efficacy (Part 2; outcomes reported here) in Japanese patients with mPAC that progressed on gemcitabine‐based therapy.MethodsPatients were randomized 1:1 and stratified by KPS (70 and 80 vs. ≥90) and baseline albumin (≥4.0 g/dl vs. <4.0 g/dl). Primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints were ORR, DCR, OS, TTF, CA19‐9 response, and QoL. The ITT population comprised all randomized patients.ResultsPatient characteristics differed between nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV (n = 40) and 5‐FU/LV (n = 39) arms, including baseline hepatic lesions (63% vs. 51%), stage IV disease at diagnosis (78% vs. 51%), and post‐study anticancer therapy (55% vs. 72%). Investigator‐assessed mPFS increase with nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV was clinically meaningful and statistically significant versus 5‐FU/LV (2.7 vs. 1.5 months, HR = 0.60). Independently assessed mPFS showed similar trends (1.7 vs. 1.6 months, HR = 0.79). mOS was 6.3 months with nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV and not reached with 5‐FU/LV. ORR increased significantly with nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV versus 5‐FU/LV (18% vs. 0, rate difference 17.5). Commonly reported grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent AEs were decreased neutrophil count (37% vs. 3%), decreased white blood cell count (20% vs. 0), and diarrhea (17% vs. 3%).ConclusionsIn conclusion, clinically meaningful and statistically significant gains in investigator‐assessed PFS and ORR were observed with nal‐IRI+5‐FU/LV versus 5‐FU/LV in Japanese patients, with no new or unexpected safety signals. (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02697058).
Maternal survival of patients with pregnancy‐associated cancers in Taiwan – A national population‐based study
Authors: Li Sin‐Syue , Hsu Ya‐Ting , Yen Chih‐Chieh , Chen Ying‐Wen , Wu Pei‐Ying , Chang Kung‐Chao , Li Chung‐Yi , Chen Tsai‐Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPregnancy‐associated cancer (PAC), defined as cancers diagnosed during pregnancy or the first year after delivery, affects one to two in every 1000 pregnancies. Although PAC is expected to be a growing issue, information about PAC in the Asian population is still scarce. Women with cancer diagnosed at the age of 16–49 years between 2001 and 2015 were selected from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and linked with the National Birth Reporting Database to identify PAC patients. We compared the overall survival of patients with PAC to patients without pregnancy. Among 126,646 female cancer patients of childbearing age, 512 were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 2151 during the first postpartum year. Breast cancer was the most common PAC (N = 755, 28%). Compared with patients without pregnancy in the control group, patients with cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and the first postpartum year generally had more advanced stages (odds ratio 1.35 and 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.77 and 1.18–1.57, respectively). For all cancer types combined and controlled for the stage, age, and year of diagnosis, patients with PAC had similar overall survival with those in the control group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI 0.80–1.41) for the pregnancy group and HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.88–1.18) for the postpartum group. The diagnosis of breast cancer during the first postpartum year was linked with shorter survival (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.72). In contrast, patients with postpartum lymphoma (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.79) and cervical cancer (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.82) had better prognosis. In general, the diagnosis of cancer during pregnancy or the first postpartum year does not affect the survival of patients with most cancer types. Exceptions include the worse prognosis of postpartum breast cancer and the better outcome of postpartum lymphoma and cervical cancer.
Rapid assessment of starch pasting using a rapid force analyzer
Authors: Garzon Raquel , Rosell Cristina M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe falling number is a rapid method developed for assessing amylase level on flours, based on viscosity changes. This measurement records the time required for a stirring rod to travel through a flour paste. The Chopin Amylab FN, developed for assessing the FN, allows working as a rapid force analyzer (RFA), recording the force changes of a starch/flour slurry under controlled mixing/heating conditions. The objective of this research was to underline the starch changes occurring along 90 s under continuous mixing and heating.FindingsFour different starches (corn, rice, wheat, and potato) were analyzed using the RFA, evaluating step‐by‐step the structural and textural modifications. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the progressive gelatinization process, that was specific for each type of starch. Nevertheless, the 90‐s procedure was sufficient to ensure complete gelatinization of all starches. Parameters recorded from the RFA showed strong significant correlations with onset and peak gelatinization temperature, besides gelatinization enthalpy.ConclusionsRapid force analyzer could be used as a rapid method for starch pasting assessment, being valid for discriminating among different types of starches.Significance and noveltyStudy shows the potential of Amylab as RFA that records starches pasting performance in 90 s. A test of 90 s allows determining starch paste performance using a rapid force analyzer.
Ceramics in the wine industry
Authors: Shackelford James F. , Shackelford Penelope L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile wood (primarily oak) and stainless steel are the primary materials for winemaking, clayware ceramics and concrete are significant alternatives for both the increasingly popular natural wine movement in which traditional, even ancient, winemaking techniques are practiced, as well as contemporary winemaking technology in general.
Energy, environment and enviroeconomic analyses and assessments of the turbofan engine used in aviation industry
Authors: Tuzcu Halil , Sohret Yasin , Caliskan Hakan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, energy, environment and enviroeconomic analyses are applied to the turbofan engine used in aviation industry. The CO2 emissions of the turbofan engine are calculated and cost of the CO2 emissions for a daily period are evaluated. The energy efficiencies of the overall turbofan engine system, high pressure turbine, low pressure turbine and the combustion chamber are found as 19.7%, 26.2%, 29.2% and 90%, respectively. The CO2 emissions releasing in a day are calculated as 358.9 tonCO2/day, while the CO2 emissions price in a day are calculated as 5742.52 US$/day for the turbofan engine. Also, 3.35 kg carbon dioxide is released into the air as a result of 1 kg of kerosene burning. Environmental and the enviroeconomic results of this study can be useful for developing environmentally sustainable turbofan engines as well as for researches and designers in aviation industry.
Cadmium cation uptake through amine and acid post‐functionalized Santa Barbara Amorphous materials; comprehensive adsorption studies
Authors: Binaeian Ehsan , Esfandyari Alaleh , Valipour Peiman , Hoseinpour Kasgary Alireza , Afrashteh Siavash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this research, a novel adsorbent, nitrilotriacetic acid anhydride (NTAA) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified Santa Barbara Amorphous materials (SBA‐15) as a mesoporous silica was synthesized and applied for the adsorption of cadmium solution. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and Fourier transform infrared analysis were used. The adsorption experiments were performed during batch system containing different concentrations of cadmium solution (60–120 mg/L) in pH range of 2–10, adsorbent dosage of 100–600 mg/L with contact time interval of 15–120 min. The maximum cadmium removal was achieved at pH 6 with 250 mg/L of adsorbent after 60 min. The proposed mechanisms for the removal and capture of Cd+2 ions by adsorbent are electrostatic interactions and chelation. The equilibrium studies prove that the experimental data are compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model well with the maximum adsorption capacity of 500 mg/g. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies also indicate that pseudo‐second order kinetic model is the predominant model and the adsorption process is exothermic. This study reveals a high capability of novel nano‐adsorbent for the efficient removal of hazardous heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater.
The effect of Macro and Nano‐emulsions of cinnamon essential oil on the properties of edible active films
Authors: Fattahi Reza , Ghanbarzadeh Babak , Dehghannya Jalal , Hosseini Mohammadyar , Falcone Pasquale M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of Nano‐emulsion (NE) and Macro‐emulsion (ME) of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based films was investigated. MEs (diameters of 242–362 nm) and NEs (diameters of 59–80 nm) of CEO were produced through Ultra‐Turrax and Ultrasonication, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed different morphologies in the films containing ME and NE, also a denser and more uniform microstructure was observed in the NE films in comparison with the ME ones. The higher stability of NE in the CMC matrix, increased the thickness of the resulted films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) was increased from 2.59 × 10–9 g/ms Pa in the control film to 4.43 × 10–9 g/m s Pa in the ME film, and decreased to 1.80 × 10–9 g/ms Pa in the NE film. Adding CEO led to more flexible films with enhanced strain at break (SAB) from 53.56% in the control film to 80% and 94.77% in the ME and NE films, respectively. The antifungal indices against A. niger and M. racemous were 14.16% and 20.82% in the ME films, and were improved to 18.81% and 25% in the NE ones.
An antidiabetic nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), and chromium alleviates dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells in db/db mice
Authors: Lu Ke‐Ying , Chen Szu‐Han , Lin Yu‐Shun , Wu Hai‐Ping , Chao Pei‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntidiabetic properties of red yeast rice, bitter gourd, and chromium have gained scientific support. This study aimed to test whether a nutraceutical combination of these 3 materials prevented dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells. Male db/db mice (8 weeks of age) were allocated into four groups (DB, DB/L, DB/M, and DB/H; n = 8–10) and fed a high‐fat diet containing 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 1% nutraceutical, respectively, whereas wild‐type mice receiving a standard diet served as a healthy control (C; n = 10). The nutraceutical contained 10 mg/g monacolin K, 165 µg/g chromium, and 300 mg/g bitter gourd. After 8‐weeks dietary treatment, diabetic syndromes (including hyperglycemia, hyperphagia, excessive drinking, polyuria, glucosuria, albuminuria, and glucose intolerance), were improved by the nutraceutical in a dose‐dependent fashion. Decreased insulin and increased glucagon in serum and pancreatic islets in db/db mice were abolished in the DB/H group. Furthermore, supplementation curtailed dedifferentiation of β cells, as evidenced by decreasing the dedifferentiation marker (Aldh1a3) and increasing β‐cell‐enriched genes and transcription factors (Ins1, Ins2, FOXO1, and NKX6.1), as well as nuclear localization of NKX6.1 in pancreatic islets when compared to the DB group. We concluded that this nutraceutical, a combination of Monascus purpureus, Momordica charantia, and chromium, could be used as an adjunct for type 2 diabetes treatment and delay disease progression by sustaining β‐cell function.
Molecular prognostication of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms: FromCGHarray toCINSARCsignature and beyond
Authors: Croce Sabrina , Chibon Frédéric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma are located at the ends of the spectrum of smooth muscle lesions. Leiomyosarcoma belongs to the complex genomic sarcomas characterized by complex karyotypes. In contrast, leiomyoma, has a low level of chromosomal complexity. The analysis of genomic profiles of uterine smooth muscle tumors shows that genomic complexity, which is an expression of chromosomal instability, correlates with the metastatic potential and malignity of tumors: the more genetically complex a smooth muscle tumor is, the more malignant is its progression. In uterine tumors with uncertain malignant potential, the assessment of genomic index by CGH array, that is, counting the genomic complexity of a tumor, allows tumors with a risk of recurrence such as leiomyosarcomas to be distinguished from benign tumors like leiomyomas. The prognosis of leiomyosarcoma is poor and the most powerful prognostic factor so far is stage, as the histologic grade is not informative. In the quest to find efficient molecular prognostic factors, the transcriptomic signature CINSARC Nanocind, a mirror of chromosomic complexity and instability, outperforms stage, in both overall and recurrence‐free survival. Genomic index and the CINSARC signature will contribute to improving diagnoses, therapeutic strategies, and randomization in future clinical trials. The biological understanding of the links between the CINSARC signature and metastatic mechanisms may lead to the development of new drugs. Furthermore, ctDNA is a promising new technique to detect residual disease and early recurrence.
Molecular pathogenesis and prognostication of "low‐grade'' and "high‐grade" endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Micci Francesca , Heim Sverre , Panagopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEndometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal cancers. Considerable knowledge has been gained in recent years about the molecular characteristics of these cancers, which helps to classify them in a more meaningful manner leading to improved diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment. According to this classification, ESS is now grouped as low‐ or high‐grade. ESS may have overlapping clinical presentation, morphology, and immunohistochemical profile. Their genetic characteristics allow subdivision of many of them depending on which pathogenetically important fusion genes they carry, but clearly much more needs to be unraveled in this regard. We here provide an overview of the molecular pathogenetic knowledge gained so far on low‐ and high‐grade ESS.