bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi Gene Genetic Program Modelling on L-Asparaginase Activity of Bacillus Stratosphericus
Authors: Pola Madhuri , Potla Durthi Chandrasai , Erva Rajeswara Reddy , Rajulapati Satish Babu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The current study focuses on maximization of L-Asparaginase production from Bacillus stratosphericus isolated from Ocimum tenuiflorum. Optimization study followed by modelling using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was performed. The experimental data obtained from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was further studied by an evolutionary algorithm Genetic Programming (GP) to find the prediction equation. GP does not require prior knowledge of the data sets. GP is an extension of Genetic Algorithm (GA), where the results are represented in the form of trees. Multi gene genetic programming (MGPP) is a variant of GP used to solve non-linear mathematical models. The prediction equation obtained from the GP analysis is represented in the form of tree. Each tree represents single gene. Best fit individuals obtained at each generation by using genetic operators were selected to get better regression co-efficient value. The predicted and experimental data showed good significance with R2 = 0.99956.
Effect of Basicity on Precipitation of Spinel Crystals in a CaO-SiO2-MgO-Cr2O3-FeO System
Authors: Li Jianli , Zeng Qiang , Mou Qiqiang , Yu Yue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The comprehensive utilization of stainless steel slag is one of major problems to be solved at “green steelworks”. Precipitation of spinel crystals can effectively detoxify residue. The effect of basicity defined by ω(CaO)/ ω(SiO2) ratio on precipitation of spinel crystals in a CaO-SiO2-MgO-Cr2O3-8 wt% FeO system has been determined with such tools as FactSage 7.1, SEM-EDS, IPP 6.0 and XRD. The FactSage 7.1 results showed that the rate of spinel phase enrichment with chromium was about 98% for the system basicity less than 1.4 and about 78% above this value. The precipitation of solid particles in solution appeared to be significantly influenced by basicity. With its increase the solid phase grew, the liquid one reduced, the particle diffusion was limited, and the growth of spinel crystals was inhibited. The spinel crystal size increased rapidly with decrease of basicity. When basicity increased from 0.6 up to 1.0, the crystal size decreased sharply from 12.30 μm down to 6.22 μm, and the reduction constituted as much as 49.43%. When basicity increased from 1.0 up to 2.2, the spinel crystal size moderately decreased from 6.22 μm down to 4.47 μm. Therefore, reduction of basicity is conducive to spinel crystal enrichment with chromium what appears to be a key factor to control basicity at detoxification of the chromium-containing steel slag.
Blackbox SSCI: Datenerfassung und Datenverarbeitung bei der kommerziellen Indexierung von Zitaten
Authors: Tüür-Fröhlich Terje 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche Autoren, Autorinnen und kritische Initiativen (z. B. DORA) kritisieren den zu hohen und schädlichen Einfluss quantitativer Daten, welche akademische Instanzen für Evaluationszwecke heranziehen. Wegen des großen Einflusses der globalen Zitatdatenbanken von Thomson Reuters (bzw. Clarivate Analytics) auf die Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Forscherinnen und Forschern habe ich extensive qualitative und quantitative Fallstudien zur Datenqualität des Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) durchgeführt, d. h. die Originaleinträge mit den SSCI-Datensätzen verglichen. Diese Fallstudien zeigten schwerste – nie in der Literatur erwähnte – Fehler, Verstümmelungen, Phantomautoren, Phantomwerke (Fehlerrate in der Fallstudie zu Beebe 2010, Harvard Law Review: 99 Prozent). Über die verwendeten Datenerfassungs- und Indexierungsverfahren von TR bzw. Clarivate Analytics ist nur wenig bekannt. Ein Ergebnis meiner Untersuchungen: Bei der Indexierung von Verweisen in Fußnoten (wie in den Rechtswissenschaften, gerade auch der USA, vorgeschrieben) scheinen die verwendeten Textanalyse-Anwendungen und -Algorithmen völlig überfordert. Eine Qualitätskontrolle scheint nicht stattzufinden. Damit steht der Anspruch des SSCI als einer multidisziplinären Datenbank zur Debatte. Korrekte Zitate in den Fußnoten des Originals können zu Phantom-Autoren, Phantom-Werken und Phantom-Referenzen degenerieren. Das bedeutet: Sämtliche Zeitschriften und Disziplinen, deren Zeitschriften und Büchern dieses oder ähnliche Zitierverfahren verwenden (Oxford-Style), laufen Gefahr, aufgrund starker Zitatverluste falsch, d. h. unterbewertet, zu werden. Wie viele UBOs (Unidentifiable Bibliographic Objects) sich in den Datenbanken SCI, SSCI und AHCI befinden, wäre nur mit sehr aufwändigen Prozeduren zu klären. Unabhängig davon handelt es sich, wie bei fast allen in meinen Untersuchungen gefundenen fatalen Fehlern, eindeutig um endogene Fehler in den Datenbanken, die nicht, wie oft behauptet, angeblich falsch zitierenden Autorinnen und Autoren zugeschrieben werden können, sondern erst im Laufe der Dateneingabe und -verarbeitung entstehen.
Examining the validity of a predictive model for vaginal birth after cesarean
Authors: Wong Jennifer W.H. , Yoshino Kurt D.N. , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Choi So Yung , Chang Ann L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) calculator, while accurate for candidates with high predicted success rates, is not as accurate for poor candidates. This study examines the calculator’s validity in an understudied multiracial cohort with a high proportion of poor candidates.

Methods
This retrospective study examined women with one or two prior cesarean deliveries who attempted VBAC at a single institution. Subjects were placed into quartiles based on MFMU-predicted success rates. For each quartile, actual and predicted success rates were compared. The calculated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was compared to the original AUC.

Results
The study included 1604 women. Actual and predicted VBAC rates were similar in the lowest and highest quartile groups, 18.2% vs. 21.2% (n = 11, P > 0.99) and 87.1% vs. 88.5% (n = 1090, P = 0.14), respectively. In the 51–75% predicted success rate group, the actual VBAC rate was higher than the predicted rate, 69.9% vs. 65.5% (n = 394) but not statistically significant (P = 0.07). In the 25–50% predicted success rate group, the actual VBAC rate was significantly higher than the predicted rate 55.1% vs. 39.6% (n = 109, P = 0.002). The actual AUC was lower than the MFMU model, 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.75] vs. 0.77 (95% CI 0.76–0.78) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The MFMU VBAC calculator’s predicted success rates were comparable to actual success rates for candidates with predicted success rates >75%. As predicted success rates declined, the calculator was increasingly inaccurate and underestimated the success rate. Caution should be taken when using the MFMU VBAC calculator for poor candidates.
Crystal structure of tetraqua-bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoato-κO)cobalt(II), C16H22O10Co
Authors: Pang Haixia , Xie Zhucan , Zhang Hong , Xu Baoming , Gan Hongyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C16H22O10Co, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.811(2) Å, b = 15.530(3) Å, c = 13.639(3) Å, β = 122.122(3)°, V = 1760.0(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0243, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0821, T = 297(2) K.
Die charismatische Lehrerpersönlichkeit und ihre phänomenologischen Fundamente
Authors: Groeben Norbert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Even though it is widely agreed in education theory and psychology that the teacher’s charisma plays an essential role in teaching literature in school, the concept of charisma as a factor of effective teaching is usually applied only in the widest and most abstract sense. In scrutinizing the history of teaching methods, psychology, and literary theory in the second half of the 20th century, this paper identifies the cognitive and emotional aspects of reading literature that are prerequisite to charismatic teaching. Finally, it suggests that these aspects can be explained by drawing on phenomenological literary theory, i.e. that the notion of the teacher’s charisma can be founded in phenomenology.
Are there differences in lifting technique between those with and without low back pain? A systematic review
Authors: Nolan David , O’Sullivan Kieran , Newton Chris , Singh Gurpreet , Smith Benjamin E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
To systemically review the literature to compare freestyle lifting technique, by muscle activity and kinematics, between people with and without low back pain (LBP).

Methods
Five databases were searched along with manual searches of retrieved articles by a single reviewer. Studies were included if they compared a freestyle lifting activity between participants with and without LBP. Data were extracted by two reviewers, and studies were appraised using the CASP tool for case-control studies.

Results
Nine studies were eligible. Heterogeneity did not allow for meta-analysis. Most studies (n = 8 studies) reported that people with LBP lift differently to pain-free controls. Specifically, people with LBP lift more slowly (n = 6 studies), use their legs more than their back especially when initiating lifting (n = 3 studies), and jerk less during lifting (n = 1 studies). Furthermore, the four larger studies involving people with more severe LBP also showed that people with LBP lift with less spinal range of motion and greater trunk muscle activity for a longer period.

Conclusions
People with LBP move slower, stiffer, and with a deeper knee bend than pain-free people during freestyle lifting tasks. Interestingly, such a lifting style mirrors how people, with and without LBP, are often told how to lift during manual handling training. The cross-sectional nature of the comparisons does not allow for causation to be determined.

Implications
The changes described may show embodiment of cautious movement, and the drive to protect the back. There may be value in exploring whether adopting a lifting style closer to that of pain-free people could help reduce LBP.
The Emergence of a Stable Neuronal Ensemble from a Wider Pool of Activated Neurons in the Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Appetitive Learning in Mice
Authors: Brebner Leonie S. , Ziminski Joseph J. , Margetts-Smith Gabriella , Sieburg Meike C. , Reeve Hayley M. , Nowotny Thomas , Hirrlinger Johannes , Heintz Tristan G. , Lagnado Leon , Kato Shigeki , Kobayashi Kazuto , Ramsey Leslie A. , Hall Catherine N. , Crombag Hans S. , Koya Eisuke 
Published: November 2019

Animals selectively respond to environmental cues associated with food reward to optimize nutrient intake. Such appetitive conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) associations are thought to be encoded in select, stable neuronal populations or neuronal ensembles, which undergo physiological modifications during appetitive conditioning. These ensembles in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) control well-established, cue-evoked food seeking, but the mechanisms involved in the genesis of these ensembles are unclear. Here, we used maleFos-GFPmice that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in recently behaviorally activated neurons, to reveal how dorsal mPFC neurons are recruited and modified to encode CS-US memory representations using an appetitive conditioning task. In the initial conditioning session, animals did not exhibit discriminated, cue-selective food seeking, but did so in later sessions indicating that a CS-US association was established. Using microprism-basedin vivo2-Photon imaging, we revealed that only a minority of neurons activated during the initial session was consistently activated throughout subsequent conditioning sessions and during cue-evoked memory recall. Notably, usingex vivoelectrophysiology, we found that neurons activated following the initial session exhibited transient hyperexcitability. Chemogenetically enhancing the excitability of these neurons throughout subsequent conditioning sessions interfered with the development of reliable cue-selective food seeking, indicated by persistent, nondiscriminated performance. We demonstrate how appetitive learning consistently activates a subset of neurons to form a stable neuronal ensemble during the formation of a CS-US association. This ensemble may arise from a pool of hyperexcitable neurons activated during the initial conditioning session.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAppetitive conditioning endows cues associated with food with the ability to guide food-seeking, through the formation of a food-cue association. Neuronal ensembles in the mPFC control established cue-evoked food-seeking. However, how neurons undergo physiological modifications and become part of an ensemble during conditioning remain unclear. We found that only a minority of dorsal mPFC neurons activated on the initial conditioning session became consistently activated during conditioning and memory recall. These initially activated neurons were also transiently hyperexcitable. We demonstrate the following: (1) how stable neuronal ensemble formation in the dorsal mPFC underlies appetitive conditioning; and (2) how this ensemble may arise from hyperexcitable neurons activated before the establishment of cue-evoked food seeking.
Dopamine-Dependent Loss Aversion during Effort-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Chen Xiuli , Voets Sarah , Jenkinson Ned , Galea Joseph M. 
Published: November 2019

From psychology to economics, there has been substantial interest in how costs (e.g., delay, risk) are represented asymmetrically during decision-making when attempting to gain reward or avoid punishment. For example, in decision-making under risk, individuals show a tendency to prefer to avoid punishment rather than to acquire the equivalent reward (loss aversion). Although the cost of physical effort has recently received significant attention, it remains unclear whether loss aversion exists during effort-based decision-making. On the one hand, loss aversion may be hardwired due to asymmetric evolutionary pressure on losses and gains and therefore exists across decision-making contexts. On the other hand, distinct brain regions are involved with different decision costs, making it questionable whether similar asymmetries exist. Here, we demonstrate that young healthy human participants (females, 16; males, 6) exhibit loss aversion during effort-based decision-making by exerting more physical effort to avoid punishment than to gain a same-size reward. Next, we show that medicated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (females, 9; males, 9) show a reduction in loss aversion compared with age-matched control subjects (females, 11; males, 9). Behavioral and computational analysis revealed that people with PD exerted similar physical effort in return for a reward but were less willing to produce effort to avoid punishment. Therefore, loss aversion is present during effort-based decision-making and can be modulated by altered dopaminergic state. This finding could have important implications for our understanding of clinical disorders that show a reduced willingness to exert effort in the pursuit of reward.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoss aversion—preferring to avoid punishment rather than to acquire equivalent reward—is an important concept in decision-making under risk. However, little is known about whether loss aversion also exists during decisions where the cost is physical effort. This is surprising given that motor cost shapes human behavior, and a reduced willingness to exert effort is a characteristic of many clinical disorders. Here, we show that healthy human individuals exert more effort to minimize punishment than to maximize reward (loss aversion). We also demonstrate that medicated Parkinson's disease patients exert similar effort to gain reward but less effort to avoid punishment when compared with healthy age-matched control subjects. This indicates that dopamine-dependent loss aversion is crucial for explaining effort-based decision-making.
Sequential Crystallization of Pyrrhotite, Cubanite, and Intermediate Solid Solution from Cu–Fe–(Ni)–S Melt
Authors: Sinyakova E.F. , Kosyakov V.I. , Kokh K.A. , Naumov E.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
—We present the results of quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization of melt of the composition (mol.%): Fe = 31.9, Ni = 1.7, Cu = 16.0, S = 50.4. The produced ingot consisted of the following zones: monosulfide solid solution mss + isocubanite icb (CuFe2S3) + Cu3Fe4S7 // icb + intermediate solid solution iss (~Cu2Fe3S5) + pentlandite // mixture of unidentified decay products of solid solution iss1 // chalcopyrite cp + putoranite put // cp + talnakhite tal + bornite bn. The results of chemical analysis of the ingot were used to construct the distribution curves of the components in the solid and to calculate the change in the composition of sulfide melt (L) during directional crystallization in four zones of the ingot. Phase reactions involving a melt have been established. It is shown that the Cu–Fe–Ni–S system has a two-phase equilibrium region L + icb*. A similar region was earlier found in the ternary Cu–Fe–S system. A crystallization zone of two intermediate solid solutions iss1 and iss2, which were earlier obtained by the common method of isothermal annealing and quenching, has been revealed. The peritectic character of crystallization of the phases icb*, iss1, and iss2 from the melt is established. The results obtained show the fundamental possibility of the existence of a new type of zoning in the formation of copper-nickel low-sulfur sulfide orebodies.
Solid Solutions of Karelianite and Eskolaite (Slyudyanka Complex, Southern Baikal Area): Genesis and a Possible Petrogenetic Indicator
Authors: Reznitsky L.Z. , Sklyarov E.V. , Suvorova L.F. , Barash I.G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
—A continuous solid-solution series between the end-members eskolaite (98 wt.% Cr2O3) and karelianite (93 wt.% V2O3) has been revealed in Cr–V-bearing rocks of the Slyudyanka metamorphic complex. Chromium and vanadium oxides crystallized as karelianite-eskolaite minerals during regional high-temperature prograde (granulite facies) metamorphism and participated in the formation of other Cr–V and Cr–V-bearing phases. Ferrian karelianite (up to 12 wt.% Fe2O3) and three-component solid solutions Esk12–50Kar45–60Hem6–30 occur in metamorphic rocks that have particular protolith compositions (Fe–Kar) and in later metasomatic rocks ((Cr, V, Fe)2O3). Natural eskolaite and karelianite are discussed in terms of paragenesis, and their crystallization conditions are compared with the conditions of their laboratory synthesis.
Methodological Approach to the Identification of the Sources and Genesis of Buried Organic Matter in Holocene Sections of Lake Sapropels (Southern West Siberia and Eastern Baikal Area)
Authors: Leonova G.A. , Kopoteva T.A. , Melenevskii V.N. , Maltsev A.E. , Klimin M.A. , Bobrov V.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
—We present results of study of the chemical composition of organic matter (C, H, N, and S) from Holocene sections of lake sapropels with undisturbed stratification penetrated by vibratory drilling of the bottom sediments, down to the underlying rocks, of Lakes Bol’shie Toroki (1.8 m), Minzelinskoe (5 m), Ochki (4.5 m), Dukhovoe (7 m), and Kotokel’ (6 m). We consider methodological approaches to the identification of the sources and genesis of buried organic matter in marine and lacustrine sediments by a number of organogeochemical indicators: data of a biological analysis (biostratification based on layer-by-layer determination of organic relics in bottom sediment sections); hydrocarbon biomarkers (molecular composition of normal aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes), nitrogen compounds of a protein complex, etc.); and C/N ratio reflecting a difference in the biochemical compositions of bioproducers. The results of biological analysis (biostratification) show that planktonogenic sapropel (phyto- and zooplankton, the autochthonous source of organic matter) in Lake Ochki formed for 10,760 years, and sphagnum and hypnum moss were supplied from the bogged shores (allochthonous source of organic matter). In Lake Minzelinskoe, peaty sapropel formed at the stage of a flooded lowland bog (5905 years ago); since 3980 years ago and till the present, macrophytogenic sapropel has formed. Pyrolytic study (RE pyrolysis and Pyr–GC–MS analysis) of bioproducers and sapropel from Lake Ochki has shown that phytoplankton and zooplankton were the main autochthonous source of OM in the lake, which is confirmed by the identified macromolecules of nitrogen compounds of different compositions. The presence of hopanes indicates the contribution of microorganisms to the formation of OM in the sediments. The organic matter of sapropel has a terrigenous component, which is confirmed by the presence of high-molecular odd-numbered n-alkanes, ketones, and methyl esters of fatty acid. The C/N ratios in the stratified sections of macrophytogenic sapropels of Lakes Bol’shie Toroki and Minzelinskoe fall in the range of values specific to higher aquatic and terrestrial vegetation (C/N = 15–18), whereas the C/N ratios in planktonogenic sapropel of Lake Dukhovoe are typical of marine and lake plankton (C/N = 5.7–8.6).
Lunar Subsurface Mineralogy and Density Profile Modeling Based on M3 Data
Authors: Zhang W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract—Methods of deriving FeO and TiO2 contents from Clementine spacecraft data are discussed, and our own approach is developed for deriving the contents from measurements made by the M3 instrument on Chandrayaan-1. The density of lunar soil bedrock is modeled based on the derived FeO and TiO2 information. The FeO and TiO2 abundance we derived from the M3 data is compared with previous results from the Clementine data and is in good agreement. The FeO abundance data also agree well with the Lunar Prospector data, which were used as an independent source. The previous Clementine and new M3-derived abundances are compared with the laboratory-measured FeO and TiO2 contents in the Apollo and Luna returned samples. The Clementine-derived FeO content was systematically 1–2% lower in all the returned samples than the laboratory measurements. The M3-derived content agrees better with the returned Apollo samples and is within ±2.8% of the laboratory-measured ones. The Clementine-derived TiO2 abundance is systematically 0.1–4% higher than the laboratory measurements of the returned samples. The M3-derived TiO2 content agrees well (±0.6%) with the laboratory measurements of the returned samples, except for the samples with a high TiO2 content. However, caution should be taken when interpreting these results, as the error range needs further study. Unfortunately, no error analysis was provided with the previous Clementine-derived contents.