bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury in severely injured patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: García Alberto F. , Manzano-Nunez Ramiro , Bayona Juan G. , Naranjo Maria P. , Villa Dary Neicce , Moreno Manuel , Ossa Sebastian , Martinez Juan M. , Martinez Nathalia , Puyana Juan C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to identify possible associations between clinical and laboratory variables and the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in severely injured patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for whom creatine kinase (CK) levels were available.MethodsFor this retrospective observational study, we analyzed adult trauma patients admitted to the ICU from 2011 to 2015 at Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL) University Hospital. Our primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for this outcome.ResultsA total of 315 patients were included. The trauma mechanisms were blunt (n = 130), penetrating (n = 66) and blast (n = 44) trauma. The median (interquartile range, IQR) of injury severity score (ISS) was 21 (16–29). AKI developed in 75 patients (23.8%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the thoracic abbreviated injury scale (AIS) value (median (IQR) in the AKI group: 3 (0–4)), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (median (IQR) in the AKI group: 18 (10–27)), CK greater than 5000 U/L, lactic acid concentration at admission, and dobutamine administration were independently associated with AKI.ConclusionWe found that age, APACHE II score, thoracic trauma, lactic acidosis, and dobutamine administration were independently associated with AKI. Trauma surgeons need to be aware of the increased odds of AKI if one of these factors is identified during the evaluation and treatment of injured patients.
Probing the transition from dislocation jamming to pinning by machine learning
Authors: Salmenjoki Henri , Laurson Lasse , Alava Mikko J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCollective motion of dislocations is governed by the obstacles they encounter. In pure crystals, dislocations form complex structures as they become jammed by their anisotropic shear stress fields. On the other hand, introducing disorder to the crystal causes dislocations to pin to these impeding elements and, thus, leads to a competition between dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-disorder interactions. Previous studies have shown that, depending on the dominating interaction, the mechanical response and the way the crystal yields change.Here we employ three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics simulations with varying density of fully coherent precipitates to study this phase transition − from jamming to pinning − using unsupervised machine learning. By constructing descriptors characterizing the evolving dislocation configurations during constant loading, a confusion algorithm is shown to be able to distinguish the systems into two separate phases. These phases agree well with the observed changes in the relaxation rate during the loading. Our results also give insights on the structure of the dislocation networks in the two phases.
Richard Wright and the Black Metropolis: From the Great Migration to the Urban Planning Novel
Authors: McMillan Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarly twentieth-century Black literature on the city from the likes of Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, and Nella Larsen pondered questions of what it meant to be Black and urbane and also how to reformulate Black identity from a new position removed from the violent history of the South. While hints of criticism toward northern segregation appeared in those early works, Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) offered the first intensive prognostication and condemnation of the ad hoc, discriminatory, and de facto system of segregation appearing in cities like Chicago in response to the Great Migration and used Wright’s informal study of sociology with the Chicago school to animate its project. Native Son, for all of its flaws, first considered how narrative can help explain and unspool the “neutral and egalitarian” guise behind the truly discriminatory urban planning-related practices and policies—from real estate to neighborhood covenants to zoning—that grew up with the start of the twentieth century and that continue to impact American cities through today.
Amyloid-beta peptide and phosphorylated tau in the frontopolar cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum of toothed whales: aging vs hypoxia
Authors: Sacchini Simona , Díaz-Delgado Josué , Espinosa de los Monteros Antonio , Paz Yania , Bernaldo de Quirós Yara , Sierra Eva , Arbelo Manuel , Herráez Pedro , Fernández Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Hypoxia could be a possible risk factor for neurodegenerative alterations in cetaceans’ brain. Among toothed whales, the beaked whales are particularly cryptic and routinely dive deeper than 1,000 m for about one hour in order to hunt squids and fishes.
Samples of frontal cerebral and cerebellar cortex were collected from nine animals, representing six different species of the suborder Odontoceti. Immunohistochemical analysis employed anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) and anti-neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) antibodies. Six of nine (67%) animals showed positive immunolabeling for Aβ and/or NFT. The most striking findings were intranuclear Aβ immunopositivity in cerebral cortical neurons and NFT immunopositivity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons with granulovacuolar degeneration. Aβ plaques were also observed in one elderly animal.
Herein, we present immunohistopathological findings classic of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Our findings could be linked to hypoxic phenomena, as they were more extensive in beaked whales. Despite their adaptations, cetaceans could be vulnerable to sustained and repetitive brain hypoxia.
Background parenchymal enhancement and breast cancer: a review of the emerging evidences about its potential use as imaging biomarker
Authors: Rella Rossella , Contegiacomo Andrea , Bufi Enida , Mercogliano Sara , Belli Paolo , Manfredi Riccardo 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To conduct a systematic review of evidences about the relationship between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) of the contralateral healthy breast and breast cancer: its association with clinicopathological breast cancer characteristics, its potential as predictive and prognostic biomarker and the biological linkage between BPE and breast cancer.

Methods:
A computerized literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed up to June 2020. Two authors independently conducted search, screening, quality assessment, and extraction of data from the eligible studies. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.

Results:
Of the 476 articles identified, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. No significant association was found between BPE and invasiveness, histological cancer type, T- and N-stage, multifocality, lymphatic and vascular invasion and histological tumour grade while the association between BPE and molecular subtypes is still unclear. As predictive biomarker, a greater decrease in BPE during and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with pathological complete response. Results about the role of BPE as prognostic factor were inconsistent. An association between high BPE and microvessel density, CD34 and VEGF (histological markers of vascularization and angiogenesis) was found.

Conclusions:
BPE of the contralateral breast is associated with breast cancer in several aspects, therefore it has been proposed as a tool to refine breast cancer decision-making process.

Advances in knowledge:
Additional researches with standardized BPE assessment are needed to translate this emerging biomarker into clinical practice in the era of personalized medicine.
COVID-19 and Leisure: Directions for Policy Makers
Authors: Kantartzi Ioanna Maria , Karlis George 
Published: October 2020

Epictetus, the Greek Stoic Philosopher, once said “Happiness and freedom begin with a clear understanding of one’s principle. Some things are within your control; and some things are not”. In adopting Epictetus quote for the current COVID-19 world, it has become more important than ever to realize that freedom and happiness can be intrinsic states that come from within the individual. Leisure, also an intrinsic state, is linked with freedom and happiness, and when leisure, freedom and happiness are experienced, a healthy lifestyle can be under your control and achieved. The current paper presents the importance of experiencing leisure, freedom and happiness for physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic era. COVID-19 is not only political, social and economic challenge, but also a citizen’s well-being challenge. For this reason, three directions for policy making from the current and post COVID-19 era are presented: 1) the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, 2) individual and community activation and 3) empowering people.
Femtosecond anti-Stokes conical emission in BK-7 glass and O and E-wave calcite
Authors: Meyer Henry J. , Alfano Robert R. 
Published: October 2020

The angle of anti-Stokes conical emission (CE) is experimentally measured in the frequency shift span of

2000

c
m

−
1

to

9000

c
m

−
1

. The experiment was performed using a 800 nm 50 fs laser pump in samples of BK-7 glass and calcite in both the O and E-wave configurations. The experimental results of angular emission are then compared to three competing models: the Alfano–Shapiro four wave mixing (FWM) model from 1970, the Luther FWM model from 1994, and the Faccio X-wave model from 2004. Results indicate that in all samples and configurations tested, the original FWM has the best agreement with experimental results in the anti-Stokes span.
All-fiber mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a saturable absorber based on the nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup effect
Authors: Zhang Baofu , Ma Shanchao , Lu Sihua , He Qiurun , Guo Jing , Jiao Zhongxing , Wang Biao 
Published: October 2020

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a saturable absorber based on the nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup effect. The saturable absorber was formed by a 2-m graded-index multimode fiber, and a single-mode fiber segment served as a diaphragm. With an all-normal-dispersion-fiber configuration, the laser generated dissipative soliton pulses with pulse duration of 26.38 ps and pulse energy more than 0.25 nJ; output pulses could be compressed externally to 615.7 fs. Moreover, the self-starting mode-locking operation of this laser exhibited a high stability with a measured signal-to-noise ratio of 73.4 dB in the RF spectrum.
Programas de indução que mantêm os novos professores ensinando e melhorando
Authors: Wong Harry K. 
Published: October 2020

Tradução do original WONG, Harry K. “Induction Programs That Keep New Teachers Teaching and Improving”. NASSP Bulletin – Vol. 88 No 638 March 2004. © Harry K. Wong Publications, Inc. por Adriana Teixeira Reis.
Este artigo apresenta escolas e distritos escolares com programas bem sucedidos de indução, todos facilmente replicáveis. Cada vez mais, a pesquisa confirma que o professor e a qualidade do ensino são os mais poderosos preditores do sucesso do aluno. Em suma, os diretores garantem maior desempenho dos alunos, garantindo melhor ensino. Para fazer isso, os administradores eficazes têm um novo programa de indução de professores disponível para todos os professores recém-contratados, que então se torna parte do programa de desenvolvimento profissional sustentado ao longo da vida para o distrito ou escola. O que mantém um bom professor são programas estruturados, constantes e intensivos de desenvolvimento profissional que permitem que os novos professores observem outros, sejam observados por outros e façam parte de redes ou grupos de estudo onde todos os professores compartilham juntos, crescem juntos e aprendem a respeitar o trabalho um do outro.
Clinical Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Testing in Esophageal Disorders: A Need for Better Quality Evidence
Authors: Massey Benson T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn their article “Use of the Functional Lumen Imaging Probe in Clinical Esophagology,” Savarino et al. report the outcomes of a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analysis performed by experts in the use of functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) evaluation of esophageal disorders. For essentially all clinical indications, the recommendation for use was conditional with a very low quality of evidence. FLIP is an expensive, invasive technology examining limited aspects of esophageal function. Its role in complementing or replacing existing technology is uncertain, particularly when compared with manometric testing with additional provocative studies. Performing properly designed studies to demonstrate FLIP's true effectiveness and cost-effectiveness will be costly.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension in Patients With Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Pons Monica , Augustin Salvador , Scheiner Bernhard , Guillaume Maeva , Rosselli Matteo , Rodrigues Susana G. , Stefanescu Horia , Ma Mang M. , Mandorfer Mattias , Mergeay-Fabre Mayka , Procopet Bogdan , Schwabl Philipp , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Semmler Georg , Berzigotti Annalisa , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Bureau Christophe , Reiberger Thomas , Bosch Jaime , Abraldes Juan G. , Genescà Joan 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to explore the prevalence of portal hypertension in the most common etiologies of patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) and develop classification rules, based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM), that could be readily used to diagnose or exclude clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in clinical practice.

METHODS:
This is an international cohort study including patients with paired LSM/hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), LSM ≥10 kPa, and no previous decompensation. Portal hypertension was defined by an HVPG >5 mm Hg. A positive predictive value ≥90% was considered to validate LSM cutoffs for CSPH (HVPG ≥10 mm Hg), whereas a negative predictive value ≥90% ruled out CSPH.

RESULTS:
A total of 836 patients with hepatitis C (n = 358), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 248), alcohol use (n = 203), and hepatitis B (n = 27) were evaluated. Portal hypertension prevalence was >90% in all cACLD etiologies, except for patients with NASH (60.9%), being even lower in obese patients with NASH (53.3%); these lower prevalences of portal hypertension in patients with NASH were maintained across different strata of LSM values. LSM ≥25 kPa was the best cutoff to rule in CSPH in alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and nonobese patients with NASH, whereas in obese NASH patients, the positive predictive value was only 62.8%. A new model for patients with NASH (ANTICIPATE-NASH model) to predict CSPH considering body mass index, LSM, and platelet count was developed, and a nomogram was constructed. LSM ≤15 kPa plus platelets ≥150 × 109/L ruled out CSPH in most etiologies.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with cACLD of NASH etiology, especially obese patients with NASH, present lower prevalences of portal hypertension compared with other cACLD etiologies. LSM ≥25 kPa is sufficient to rule in CSPH in most etiologies, including nonobese patients with NASH, but not in obese patients with NASH.
HMM-Based Secure Framework for Optical Fog Devices in the Optical Fog/Cloud Network
Authors: Sood Sandeep K. , Deep Singh Kiran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present optical fog/cloud computing environment, optical line terminals and optical network units are used as the most promising optical fog devices (OFDs). The inherent characteristics of fog computing provide certain granted privileges to the attacker to hack devices and make them malicious. Also, existing security solutions generate false alarms that affect the performance of the underlying network. In this paper, a secure framework is proposed that not only predicts the malicious OFDs but also reduces false alarms. Hidden Markov model and intrusion detection system are used to detect the malicious one by computing the probability of shifting (POS) and then shift it to the virtual honeypot which is kept hidden by deploying it at the optical fog layer. In addition, it also reduces the generation of false alarm and logs all malicious activities for further analysis. In the experiment section, Python is used to validate the proposed framework. Further, HMM is simulated and tested in the MATLAB to reduce the false alarm rate. Results show that the proposed framework effectively reduces the false alarms and detects the malicious one and then shifts it onto the virtual honeypot efficiently.
Corporate Governance and Low Carbon Supply Chains: Why Integrity Matters?
Authors: Mohter Norma , Fernando Yudi 
Published: October 2020

In this study, we aimed to understand the role of integrity in low carbon supply chain and their benefits towards firm performance and corporate governance. This paper also discussed the importance of Board of Director (BoD) in decision making in the supply chain. As stakeholders continue to increasingly emphasize integrity practices in their supply chains, the firm should understand and practice the integrity especially involved low carbon supply chain (LCSC) by provided accurate carbon disclosure and report carbon verification and etc. This is important to shareholder especially Board of Director to make sure the firm performance meet their expectation. By monitoring the decision making in the low carbon supply chain, the BoD believe can avoid unethical issues such as corruption, manipulation and fraud. Practising integrity in the supply chain, the firm will obtain many advantages in their firm performance. The firm’s performance will increase other than being more trustable and gain competitive advantages from the competitor. The BoD is concern about the impact of decision making on society. The BoD believe by being integrity in the firm’s management they will meet the social expectation.
Pubertal timing in boys and girls born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Subramanian Anuradhaa , Idkowiak Jan , Toulis Konstantinos A , Thangaratinam Shakila , Arlt Wiebke , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: October 2020

Context
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been on the rise, driven by maternal obesity. In parallel, pubertal tempo has increased in the general population, driven by childhood obesity.

Objective
To evaluate the available evidence on pubertal timing of boys and girls born to mothers with GDM.

Data sources
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane library and grey literature for observational studies up to October 2019.

Study selection and extraction
Two reviewers independently selected studies, collected data and appraised the studies for risk of bias. Results were tabulated and narratively described as reported in the primary studies.

Results
Seven articles (six for girls and four for boys) were included. Study quality score was mostly moderate (ranging from 4 to 10 out of 11). In girls born to mothers with GDM, estimates suggest earlier timing of pubarche, thelarche and menarche although for each of these outcomes only one study each showed a statistically significant association. In boys, there was some association between maternal GDM and earlier pubarche, but inconsistency in the direction of shift of age at onset of genital and testicular development and first ejaculation. Only a single study analysed growth patterns in children of mothers with GDM, describing a 3-month advancement in the age of attainment of peak height velocity and a slight increase in pubertal tempo.

Conclusions
Pubertal timing may be influenced by the presence of maternal GDM, though current evidence is sparse and of limited quality. Prospective cohort studies should be conducted, ideally coupled with objective biochemical tests.
Crónica sobre el Seminario «Problemática en la instrucción y enjuiciamiento de los delitos sexuales: victimización secundaria y deficiencias en la investigación»
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Ana 
Published: October 2020

El pasado 5 de diciembre de 2019 se celebró en la Facultad el Seminario «Problemática en la instrucción y enjuiciamiento de los delitos sexuales: victimización secundaria y deficiencias en la investigación», del que fue relatora Dña. Ana López-Suevos Fraguela, magistrada del Juzgado de Instrucción número 1 de Santiago de Compostela.
En el marco de dicho seminario, la magistrada López-Suevos presentó el Protocolo de actuación ante delitos sexuales, una herramienta que tiene como objetivo mejorar la investigación de este tipo de criminalidad.
Post-translational Regulation of DNA Polymerase η, a Connection to Damage-Induced Cohesion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wu Pei-Shang , Enervald Elin , Joelsson Angelica , Palmberg Carina , Rutishauser Dorothea , Hällberg B Martin , Ström Lena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Double-strand breaks that are induced postreplication trigger establishment of damage-induced cohesion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, locally at the break site and genome-wide on undamaged chromosomes. The translesion synthesis polymerase, polymerase η, is required for generation of damage-induced cohesion genome-wide. However, its precise role and regulation in this process is unclear. Here, we investigated the possibility that the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28 and the acetyltransferase Eco1 modulate polymerase η activity. Through in vitro phosphorylation and structure modeling, we showed that polymerase η is an attractive substrate for Cdc28. Mutation of the putative Cdc28-phosphorylation site Ser14 to Ala not only affected polymerase η protein level, but also prevented generation of damage-induced cohesion in vivo. We also demonstrated that Eco1 acetylated polymerase η in vitro. Certain nonacetylatable polymerase η mutants showed reduced protein level, deficient nuclear accumulation, and increased ultraviolet irradiation sensitivity. In addition, we found that both Eco1 and subunits of the cohesin network are required for cell survival after ultraviolet irradiation. Our findings support functionally important Cdc28-mediated phosphorylation, as well as post-translational modifications of multiple lysine residues that modulate polymerase η activity, and provide new insights into understanding the regulation of polymerase η for damage-induced cohesion.
Wybrane aspekty rozeznawania duchów na podstawie pism św. Faustyny
Authors: Pochwat Józef 
Published: October 2020

Siostra Faustyna Helena Kowalska (1905–1938) jest jedną z największych mistyczek dwudziestego wieku. Jej teksty zanotowane w Dzienniczku i Listach są świadectwem życia wewnętrznego i przeżyć mistycznych. Sekretarka Bożego Miłosierdzia podała jasne kryteria rozeznawania duchów i postępowania wobec szatana – przeciwnika zbawienia człowieka. Święta ukazała potrzebę i głębię sakramentu pokuty i pojednania, który jest zarazem najskuteczniejszym remedium na niszczycielską siłę ducha złego. Ona dostrzegała niezwykłe działanie Trójcy Przenajświętszej w tym sakramencie, co było dla niej naturalną i realną rzeczywistością, której doświadczała w całym swoim życiu.