bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do sociodemographic variables and cardiometabolic risk factors moderate the mere-measurement effect on physical activity and sedentary time?
Authors: Voigt Lisa , Ullrich Antje , Baumann Sophie , Dörr Marcus , John Ulrich , Ulbricht Sabina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Participation in an assessment may change health behavior. This “mere-measurement effect” may be used for prevention purposes. However, little is known about whether individuals’ characteristics moderate the effect. The objective was to explore whether changes of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) after a cardiovascular assessment depend on sociodemographic variables and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
A sample of n = 175 adults aged 40 to 65 received baseline assessment including self-administered PA and ST questionnaires and standardized measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, and blood parameters. After 5 weeks, participants again reported PA and ST without any prior treatment or intervention. Linear regression models were used to analyze the dependence of five-week changes in PA and ST on baseline sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables.

Results
Men increased transport-related PA more than women (b = 9.3 MET-hours/week, P = .031). Men with higher triglycerides increased transport-related PA less than men with lower triglycerides (b = − 5.6 MET-hours/week, P = .043). Men with higher systolic blood pressure reduced ST more than those with lower systolic blood pressure (b = − 35.7 min/week, P = .028). However, this linear association ceased to exist at a level of approximately 145 mmHg (b of squared association = 1.0, P = .080). A similar relationship was found for glycated hemoglobin and ST.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that sex and cardiometabolic risk factors moderate mere-measurement effects on PA and ST. Researchers and practitioners using mere measurement for prevention purposes may address PA and ST according to these individual characteristics.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT02990039. Registered 7 December 2016. Retrospectively registered.
Inflammatory polyps occur more frequently in inflammatory bowel disease than other colitis patients
Authors: Ashktorab Hassan , Brim Hassan , Hassan Sally , Nouraie Mehdi , Gebreselassie Agazi , Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Kibreab Angesom , Aduli Farshad , Latella Giovanni , Brant Steven R. , Sherif Zaki , Habtezion Aida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Colitis is generally considered a risk factor for colon neoplasia. However, not all types of colitis seem to have equal neoplastic transformation potential.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of colorectal polyps in a predominantly African American population with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Non-IBD/Non-Infectious Colitis (NIC).

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated medical records of 1060 patients previously identified with colitis at Howard University Hospital, based on ICD-10 code. Among these, 485 patients were included in the study: 70 IBD and 415 NIC based on a thorough review of colonoscopy, pathology and clinical reports. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of polyps in patients with IBD compared to those with NIC after adjusting for age and sex. A subgroup analysis within the IBD group was performed.

Results
Of the 485 patients, 415 were NIC and 70 were IBD. Seventy-three percent of the NIC patients and 81% of the IBD patients were African Americans. Forty six percent of IBD and 41% of NIC cases were male. IBD patients were younger than NIC patients (median age of 38 years vs. 50, P < 0.001). The prevalence of all types of polyps was 15.7 and 8.2% in the IBD and NIC groups, respectively (P = 0.045). Among patients with polyps, the prevalence of inflammatory polyps was higher in the IBD group (55%) compared to the NIC group (12%). After adjusting for age, sex and race, odds ratio of inflammatory polyps in IBD patients was 6.0 (P = 0.016). Adenoma prevalence was 4.3% (3/70) in IBD patients and 3.9% (16/415) in the NIC patients (p = 0.75). The anatomic distribution of lesions and colitis shows that polyps occur predominantly in the colitis field regardless of colitis type. More polyps were present in the ulcerative colitis patients when compared to Crohn’s disease patients (27% vs. 5%, P < 0.001) within the IBD group.

Conclusion
Our study shows that inflammatory polyps are more common in IBD patients when compared to NIC patients. Most polyps were in the same location as the colitis.
Feasibility and safety of high-intensity interval training for the rehabilitation of geriatric inpatients (HIITERGY) a pilot randomized study
Authors: Pires Peixoto Rita , Trombert Véronique , Poncet Antoine , Kizlik Jérôme , Gold Gabriel , Ehret Georg , Trombetti Andrea , Reny Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for the physical rehabilitation. However, data on its suitability for older hospitalized patients is scarce.

Methods
Randomized controlled trial in a hospital setting. Inclusion of 100 patients, ≥65 years old, hospitalized for rehabilitation after an acute medical condition, in a two-week rehabilitation program of either four HIIT or three MICT sessions per week. Completion was defined as participation in all but two planned sessions accomplishing ≥50% of each session. We assessed: upper-limb muscle strength (handgrip isometric strength test), lower-limb muscle strength (quadriceps and ankle flexion and extension tests); gait speed and spatio-temporal parameters (instrumented walkway), and exercise capacity (6-min walk test). All adverse events were recorded as safety endpoints.

Results
An intention-to-treat analysis showed a 44% completion rate for the HIIT group (95% CI, 30–59) and 77% for MICT (95% CI, 55–82). A modified intention-to-treat analysis restricted to patients who participated in ≥1 session showed an 88% completion rate in the HIIT group (95%CI, 69–97) and an 80% completion rate in MICT (95%CI, 65–90). The exercises most frequently undertaken were the pedal exerciser (54%) and the NuStep (32%). There were no significant differences in the various measures. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
A HIIT rehabilitation program for this population was feasible, safe and had a high adherence rate.

Trial registration number
Clinicatrials.gov ID: NCT02318459.
Trial registration date: November 7th, 2014. Retrospectively registered.
This study adheres to the CONSORT guidelines.
Prevalence of chronic HBV infection in pregnant woman attending antenatal care in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Geffert Karin , Maponga Tongai G. , Henerico Shimba , Preiser Wolfgang , Mongella Stella , Stich August , Kalluvya Samuel , Mueller Andreas , Kasang Christa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Tanzania has a high prevalence (7.17%) of chronic hepatitis B infection. Mother to Child transmission is very common, resulting in high rate of chronic infections. Currently, there is no screening program for HBV in pregnant women. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for chronic HBV infection in pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Methods
Seven hundred and forty-three women attending antenatal care and/or delivering at the Bugando Medical Centre were enrolled. All answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic and other risk factors and were tested for HBsAg using a rapid test. In HBsAg positive mothers, maternal blood and umbilical cord blood samples collected after delivery were analyzed for serological (HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBe) and virologic (HBV-DNA viral load and genotype) markers. All their babies were vaccinated within 24 h of delivery. The children were followed up at 3 years of age. Data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, independent sample T-test and logistic regression.

Results
Of the 743 participants, 22 (3%) were positive for HBsAg, and 2 (9%) had detectable HBe-antigen. Low condom use was the only statistically significant risk factor for chronic HBV infection (OR = 3.514, 95%CI = 1.4–8.0). Of 14 maternal blood samples genotyped, 10 (71%) were genotype A and 4 (29%) were genotype D. HBV-DNA was detected in 21/22 samples, with a median of 241 IU/ml (range: 27.4–25.9 × 107 IU/ml). Five (33%) of 15 available cord blood samples were positive for HBsAg and 10 (67%) were negative. At follow-up, one child showed chronic HBV infection characteristics, one had anti-HBs level of 7 mIU/ml and 5/7(71%) had protective anti-HBs levels (> 10 mIU/ml).

Conclusion
This cohort of pregnant women showed a lower-intermediate prevalence of HBV of 3%. In the 3 years follow-up only 1 out of 7 children showed evidence of chronic HBV infection. The child’s mother with high viral load (25.9 × 107 IU/ml), was positive for HBeAg with a high degree of sequence similarity suggesting vertical transmission. These results highlight a need for improved diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection in pregnant women in Tanzania, in order to prevent vertical transmission.
Delta neutrophil index as a predictive and prognostic factor for Candidemia patients: a matched case-control study
Authors: Park So Yeon , Lee Jin Seo , Oh Jihyu , Park Ji-Young 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Delayed antifungal therapy for candidemia leads to increased mortality. Differentiating bacterial infection from candidemia in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients is complex and difficult. The Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) has recently been considered a new factor to distinguish infections from non-infections and predict the severity of sepsis. We aimed to assess if the DNI can predict and provide a prognosis for candidemia in SIRS patients.

Methods
A matched case-control study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2017 at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital. Among patients with a comorbidity of SIRS, those with candidemia were classified as the case group, whereas those with negative blood culture results were classified as the control group. The matching conditions included age, blood culture date, and SIRS onset location. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate DNI as a predictive and prognostic factor for candidemia.

Results
The 140 included patients were assigned to each group in a 1:1 ratio. The DNI_D1 values measured on the blood culture date were higher in the case group than in the control group (p <  0.001). The results of multivariate analyses confirmed DNI_D1 (odds ratio [ORs] 2.138, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.421–3.217, p <  0.001) and Candida colonization as predictive factors for candidemia. The cutoff value of DNI for predicting candidemia was 2.75%. The area under the curve for the DNI value was 0.804 (95% CI, 0.719–0.890, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.9 and 78.6%, respectively. Analysis of 14-day mortality in patients with candidemia showed significantly higher DNI_D1 and DNI_48 in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group.

Conclusions
DNI was identified as a predictive factor for candidemia in patients with SIRS and a prognostic factor in predicting 14-day mortality in candidemia patients. DNI, along with clinical patient characteristics, was useful in determining the occurrence of candidemia in patients with SIRS.
Objective cognitive performance and subjective complaints in patients with chronic Q fever or Q fever fatigue syndrome
Authors: Reukers Daphne F. M. , Aaronson Justine , van Loenhout Joris A. F. , Meyering Birte , van der Velden Koos , Hautvast Jeannine L. A. , van Jaarsveld Cornelia H. M. , Kessels Roy P. C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary aim of this study was to compare cognitive performance of patients with chronic Q fever or Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) to matched controls from the general population, while taking performance validity into account. Second, we investigated whether objective cognitive performance was related to subjective cognitive complaints or psychological wellbeing.

Methods
Cognitive functioning was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery measuring the domains of processing speed, episodic memory, working memory and executive functioning. Tests for performance validity and premorbid intelligence were also included. Validated questionnaires were administered to assess self-reported fatigue, depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints.

Results
In total, 30 patients with chronic Q fever, 32 with QFS and 35 controls were included. A high percentage of chronic Q fever patients showed poor performance validity (38%) compared to controls (14%, p = 0.066). After exclusion of participants showing poor performance validity, no significant differences between patients and controls were found in the cognitive domains. QFS patients reported a high level of cognitive complaints compared to controls (41.2 vs 30.4, p = 0.023). Cognitive complaints were not significantly related to cognitive performance in any of the domains for this patient group.

Conclusions
The high level of self-reported cognitive complaints in QFS patients does not indicate cognitive impairment. A large proportion of the chronic Q fever patients showed suboptimal mental effort during neuropsychological assessment. More research into the underlying explanations is needed. Our findings stress the importance of assessing cognitive functioning by neuropsychological examination including performance validity, rather than only measuring subjective cognitive complaints.
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the Zygomatic bone: a case report
Authors: Matsuki Takashi , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Yamashita Taku 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Disseminated cryptococcosis is a well-characterized complication in immunocompromised patients with cryptococcal pneumonia or meningitis; however, isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis is a rare entity that occurs in approximately 5% of patients with cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis in the head and neck region is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of cryptococcal osteomyelitis affecting only the zygomatic bone have been reported to date.

Case presentation
A 78-year-old man without other comorbidities presented with progressive swelling of the right cheek along with pain and trismus. Clinical examination revealed a tender swelling in the right zygomatic region; the maximal mandibular opening was about 2 cm. Laboratory data showed mildly elevated inflammatory indices (C-reactive protein: 0.45 mg/dL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 35 mm/h). Computed tomography showed a 30-mm-diameter lesion at the right zygomatic arch. A part of the lesion has extended to the subcutaneous area of the cheeks with signs of bone destruction and surrounding contrast effects. Histopathological examination of fine-needle aspirate and needle biopsy showed cryptococcus. Furthermore, culture of the aspirate showed growth of Cryptococcus neoformans. No evidence of any other site involvement was observed. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis and was initiated on fluconazole therapy. The treatment was effective, and all symptoms were resolved in 4 weeks. Fluconazole therapy was stopped after 6 months. There are no signs of recurrence as of 15-month follow-up. The patient has no cosmetic abnormalities or sequelae.

Conclusions
Fine-needle aspiration cytology, needle biopsy, and fungal culture were useful for definitive diagnosis. Immunocompetent patients with isolated osteomyelitis may be cured with oral fluconazole alone.
Effectiveness of fetal scalp stimulation test in assessing fetal wellbeing during labor, a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shakouri Farzaneh , Iorizzo Linda , Edwards Hellen Mc Kinnon , Vinter Christina Anne , Kristensen Karl , Isberg Per-Erik , Wiberg Nana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
It is discussed whether fetal scalp stimulation (FSS) test is a reliable complimentary tool to cardiotocography (CTG) to assess fetal wellbeing during labor. The test is based on the assumption that a well-oxygenated fetus, in contrast to the depressed fetus, will respond to a certain stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the FSS-test.

Methods
A retrospective observational study carried out Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. Laboring women with singleton pregnancies in cephalic presentation after gestation week 33 and indication for fetal blood sampling (FBS) were eligible for inclusion. The FSS-test was classified as positive when an acceleration was absent at the time of FBS and negative when an acceleration was present. Lactate in scalp blood was measured by the point-of-care device LactatePro™ and pH in artery umbilical cord blood by the stationary blood gas analyzer ABL800. Lactate level < 4.2 mmol/L in scalp blood and arterial cord pH > 7.1 were cut-offs for normality.

Results
Three hundred eighty-five women were included. The cohort was divided by the FBS-to-delivery time: Group 1 (n = 128) ≤ 20 min, Group 2 (n = 117) 21–59 min and Group 3 (n = 140) ≥ 60 min. The proportion of FSS-positive tests differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.000). In Group 1 the sensitivity, specificity and likelihoods for scalp lactate ≥4.2 mmol/L were 81.5 (95% CI 67–90.1), 13.3 18.5 (95% CI 5.9–24.6), LHR+ 0.94 (95% CI 0.8–1.1) and LHR – 1.4 (95% CI 0.6–3.2) and for umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.10 the values were 82.6% (95% CI 61.2–95.1), 16% (95% CI 9.4–24.7), 1.0 (95% CI 0.8–1.2) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.4–3) respectively. Regardless of the FBS-to-delivery time the LHR+ for lactate ≥4.2 mmol/L increased to 1.38 (95% CI 1.2–1.6).

Conclusion
The effectiveness of scalp stimulation test was poor for both ruling in and out fetal hypoxia during labor. Absence of a provoked acceleration seems to be a normal phenomenon in the second stage of labor.
Prognostic value of OCT4A and SPP1C transcript variant co-expression in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Koshimune Seijiro , Kosaka Mitsuko , Mizuno Nobuhiko , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Ebisui Kohta , Toyooka Shinichi , Ohtsuka Aiji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4A (OCT4A) is essential for cell pluripotency and reprogramming both in humans and mice. To date, however, the function of human OCT4 in somatic and/or tumour tissues is largely unknown.

Methods
RT-PCR was used to identify full-length splice forms of OCT4 transcripts in normal and cancer cells. A FLAG-tagged OCT4 genomic transgene was used to identify OCT4-positive cancer cells. A potential role for OCT4 in somatic cancer cells was examined by cell ablation of OCT4-positive cells using promoter-driven diphtheria toxin A. OCT4 and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) transcripts in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma tumours were analysed and compared with pathohistological features.

Results
The results show that, unlike in murine cells, OCT4A and OCT4B variants are transcribed in both human cancer cells and in adult tissues such as lung, kidney, uterus, breast, and eye. We found that OCT4A and SPP1C are co-expressed in highly aggressive human breast, endometrial, and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, but not in mesothelial tumour cell lines. Ablation of OCT4-positive cells in lung adenocarcinoma cells significantly decreased cell migration and SPP1C mRNA levels. The OCT4A/SPP1C axis was found in primary, early-stage, lung adenocarcinoma tumours.

Conclusions
Co-expression of OCT4 and SPP1 may correlate with cancer aggressiveness, and the OCT4A/SPP1C axis may help identify early-stage high-risk patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Contrary to the case in mice, our data strongly suggest a critical role for OCT4A and SPP1C in the development and progression of human epithelial cancers.
INFORM2 NivEnt: The first trial of the INFORM2 biomarker driven phase I/II trial series: the combination of nivolumab and entinostat in children and adolescents with refractory high-risk malignancies
Authors: van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Witt Ruth , Heiss Melanie , Pajtler Kristian W. , Plass Christoph , Poschke Isabel , Platten Michael , Harting Inga , Sedlaczek Oliver , Freitag Angelika , Meyrath David , Taylor Lenka , Balasubramanian Gnana Prakash , Jäger Natalie , Pfaff Elke , Jones Barbara C. , Milde Till , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T. W. , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Witt Olaf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory disease represent a population with a desperate medical need. The aim of the INFORM (INdividualized Therapy FOr Relapsed Malignancies in Childhood) program is to translate next generation molecular diagnostics into a biomarker driven treatment strategy. The program consists of two major foundations: the INFORM registry providing a molecular screening platform and the INFORM2 series of biomarker driven phase I/II trials. The INFORM2 NivEnt trial aims to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of the combination treatment of nivolumab and entinostat (phase I) and to evaluate activity and safety (phase II).

Methods
This is an exploratory non-randomized, open-label, multinational and multicenter seamless phase I/II trial in children and adolescents with relapsed / refractory or progressive high-risk solid tumors and CNS tumors. The phase I is divided in 2 age cohorts: 12–21 years and 6–11 years and follows a 3 + 3 design with two dose levels for entinostat (2 mg/m2 and 4 mg/m2 once per week) and fixed dose nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Patients entering the trial on RP2D can seamlessly enter phase II which consists of a biomarker defined four group basket trial: high mutational load (group A), high PD-L1 mRNA expression (group B), focal MYC(N) amplification (group C), low mutational load and low PD-L1 mRNA expression and no MYC(N) amplification (group D). A Bayesian adaptive design will be used to early stop cohorts that fail to show evidence of activity. The maximum number of patients is 128.

Discussion
This trial intends to exploit the immune enhancing effects of entinostat on nivolumab using an innovative biomarker driven approach in order to maximize the chance of detecting signs of activity. It prevents exposure to unnecessary risks by applying the Bayesian adaptive design for early stopping for futility. The adaptive biomarker driven design provides an innovative approach accelerating drug development and reducing exposure to investigational treatments in these vulnerable children at the same time.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03838042. Registered on 12 February 2019.