bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution Spectroscopy of an Erupting Minifilament and Its Impact on the Nearby Chromosphere
Authors: Kontogiannis I. , Dineva E. , Diercke A. , Verma M. , Kuckein C. , Balthasar H. , Denker C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the evolution of a minifilament eruption in a quiet region at the center of the solar disk and its impact on the ambient atmosphere. We used high spectral resolution imaging spectroscopy in Hα acquired by the echelle spectrograph of the Vacuum Tower Telescope, Tenerife, Spain; photospheric magnetic field observations from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager; and UV/EUV imaging from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The Hα line profiles were noise-stripped using principal component analysis and then inverted to produce physical and cloud model parameter maps. The minifilament formed between small-scale, opposite-polarity magnetic features through a series of small reconnection events, and it erupted within an hour after its appearance in Hα. Its development and eruption exhibited similarities to large-scale erupting filaments, indicating the action of common mechanisms. Its eruption took place in two phases, namely, a slow rise and a fast expansion, and it produced a coronal dimming, before the minifilament disappeared. During its eruption, we detected a complicated velocity pattern, indicative of a twisted, thread-like structure. Part of its material returned to the chromosphere, producing observable effects on nearby low-lying magnetic structures. Cloud model analysis showed that the minifilament was initially similar to other chromospheric fine structures, in terms of optical depth, source function, and Doppler width, but it resembled a large-scale filament on its course to eruption. High spectral resolution observations of the chromosphere can provide a wealth of information regarding the dynamics and properties of minifilaments and their interactions with the surrounding atmosphere.
Population Synthesis of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a systematic study of the X-ray binaries (XRBs) containing a black hole (BH) and a nondegenerate companion, in which mass transfer takes place via either capturing the companion’s wind or Roche lobe overflow (RLO). As shown in our previous work, which focused on the formation and evolution of detached BH binaries, our assumed models relevant to BHs’ progenitors predicted significantly different binary properties. In this paper, we further follow the evolutionary paths of BH systems that appear as XRBs. By use of both binary population synthesis and detailed binary evolution calculations, we can obtain the potential population of BH XRBs. Distributions at the current epoch of various binary parameters have been computed. The observed sample of wind-fed XRBs can be well reproduced under the assumptions of all of our models. Wind-fed XRBs are expected to be so rare (≲100) that only a couple such systems have been detected. Comparison of known RLO XRBs with the calculated distributions of various binary parameters indicates that only the models assuming relatively small masses for BH progenitors can roughly match the observations. Accordingly we estimate that there are hundreds of RLO XRBs in the Milky Way, of which the majority are low-mass XRBs. RLO systems may become ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) if the BH accretes at a very high rate, and we expect that about a dozen ULXs with a BH accretor may exist in a Milky Way–like galaxy.
Formation of Complex Organic Molecules in Cold Interstellar Environments through Nondiffusive Grain-surface and Ice-mantle Chemistry
Authors: Jin Miwha , Garrod Robin T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A prevailing theory for the interstellar production of complex organic molecules (COMs) involves formation on warm dust-grain surfaces, via the diffusion and reaction of radicals produced through grain-surface photodissociation of stable molecules. However, some gas-phase O-bearing COMs, notably acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl formate (CH3OCHO), and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), are now observed at very low temperatures, challenging the warm scenario. Here, we introduce a selection of new nondiffusive mechanisms into an astrochemical model to account for the failure of the standard diffusive picture and to provide a more generalized scenario of COM formation on interstellar grains. New generic rate formulations are provided for cases where (i) radicals are formed by reactions occurring close to another reactant, producing an immediate follow-on reaction; (ii) radicals are formed in an excited state, allowing them to overcome activation barriers to react with nearby stable molecules; and (iii) radicals are formed through photodissociation close to a reaction partner, followed by immediate reaction. Each process occurs without thermal diffusion of large radicals. The new mechanisms significantly enhance cold COM abundances, successfully reproducing key observational results for prestellar core L1544. H abstraction from grain-surface COMs, followed by recombination, plays a crucial role in amplifying chemical desorption into the gas phase. The ultraviolet-induced chemistry produces significant COM abundances in the bulk ices, which are retained on the grains and may persist to later stages. O2 is also formed strongly in the mantle though photolysis, suggesting cometary O2 could indeed be interstellar.
ECoPANN: A Framework for Estimating Cosmological Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Guo-Jian , Li Si-Yao , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a new method to estimate cosmological parameters accurately based on the artificial neural network (ANN), and a code called ECoPANN (Estimating Cosmological Parameters with ANN) is developed to achieve parameter inference. We test the ANN method by estimating the basic parameters of the concordance cosmological model using the simulated temperature power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The results show that the ANN performs excellently on best-fit values and errors of parameters, as well as correlations between parameters when compared with that of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Besides, for a well-trained ANN model, it is capable of estimating parameters for multiple experiments that have different precisions, which can greatly reduce the consumption of time and computing resources for parameter inference. Furthermore, we extend the ANN to a multibranch network to achieve a joint constraint on parameters. We test the multibranch network using the simulated temperature and polarization power spectra of the CMB, Type Ia supernovae, and baryon acoustic oscillations and almost obtain the same results as the MCMC method. Therefore, we propose that the ANN can provide an alternative way to accurately and quickly estimate cosmological parameters, and ECoPANN can be applied to the research of cosmology and even other broader scientific fields.
RGS Observations of Ejecta Knots in Tycho’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Williams Brian J. , Katsuda Satoru , Cumbee Renata , Petre Robert , Raymond John C. , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present results from XMM-Newton/Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) observations of prominent knots in the southernmost portion of Tycho’s supernova remnant, known to be the remnant of a Type Ia supernova in 1572 C.E. By dispersing the photons from these knots out of the remnant with very little emission in front of or behind them, we obtained the nearly uncontaminated spectra of the knots. In the southernmost knot, the RGS successfully resolved numerous emission lines from Si, Ne, O Heα and Lyα, and Fe L-shell. This is the first clear detection of O lines in Tycho’s supernova remnant. Line broadening was measured to be ∼3 eV for the O Heα and ∼4.5 eV for the Fe L lines. If we attribute the broadening to pure thermal Doppler effects, then we obtain kT
O and kT
Fe to be ∼400 keV and 1.5 MeV, respectively. These temperatures can be explained by heating in a reverse shock with a shock velocity of ∼3500 km s−1. The abundances obtained from fitting the RGS and MOS data together imply substantially elevated amounts of these materials, confirming previous studies that the knots are heated by a reverse shock, and thus contain ejecta material from the supernova. We are unable to find a Type Ia explosion model that reproduces these abundances, but this is likely the result of this knot being too small to extrapolate to the entire remnant.
The Relationship of Locus of Control to Decision Making in Nursing Students
Authors: Neaves Joyce Johnson 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
This descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between locus of control and decision-making in nursing students. Locus of control was measured using Rotter's "Internal-External Locus of Control Scale." Decision-making was measured through use of a tool entitled "Medication Administration Questionnaire" designed by the investigator. Both tools were administered to senior nursing students in a diploma and baccalaureate school of nursing. A statistically significant relationship was found between an internal locus of control and independent decision-making. The results suggest that locus of control may be an important factor in the degree of independence exercised in decision-making by nursing students. These results also suggest that individuals with an expectancy for external control may be significantly compromised in their ability to be professional and accountable in their nursing practice. Implications for nursing education and replication of the study are discussed.
A Novel Cochlioquinone Derivative, CoB1, Regulates Autophagy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through the PAK1/Akt1/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Bu Huimin , Tan Shirui , Liu Jinjuan , Yuan Bo , Dong Guokai , Wang Meng , Jiang Yuji , Zhu Hong , Li Hui , Li Zhenjun , Jiang Jihong , Wu Min , Li Rongpeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Owing to multiple antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes the most intractable infections to human beings worldwide, thus exploring novel drugs to defend against this bacterium remains of great importance. In this study, we purified a novel cochlioquinone B derivative (CoB1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza endophytic Bipolaris sorokiniana and reveal its role in host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by activating cytoprotective autophagy in alveolar macrophages (AMs) both in vivo and in vitro. Using a P. aeruginosa infection model, we observed that CoB1-treated mice manifest weakened lung injury, reduced bacterial systemic dissemination, decreased mortality, and dampened inflammatory responses, compared with the wild type littermates. We demonstrate that CoB1-induced autophagy in mouse AMs is associated with decreased PAK1 expression via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation pathway. The inhibition of PAK1 decreases the phosphorylation level of Akt, blocks the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the release of ULK1/2–Atg13–FIP200 complex from mTOR to initiate autophagosome formation, resulting in increased bacterial clearance capacity. Together, our results provide a molecular basis for the use of CoB1 to regulate host immune responses against P. aeruginosa infection and indicate that CoB1 is a potential option for the treatment of infection diseases.
Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation Through Benjamin Graham’s Value Investing
Authors: Srivastava Vinay Kumar , Kulshrestha Nitin 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20.
Design /Methodologies/Approach: We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020.
Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study.
JEL Classification Codes: F37.
A Study On Determinants Of Obesity In Children Between 5-15 years of Age
Authors: Dr. Prasad Bijaspur  , Dr. Sharad Agarkhedkar  , Dr. Geeta Karambelkar  
Published: August 2020

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health issue. The prevalence of obesity is increasing both in developing and in developed countries. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 -17 years is 10%, In India it is 22% among children between 5 to 19 years. The key causes of childhood obesity are unhealthy dietary habits and reduced physical activity. The adoption to sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits increases the risk of overweight/obesity and non communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome like dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risks stroke and hypertension. Objective: To assess the BMI, various factor influencing BMI and to correlate these factors in children between 5 to 15 years age irrespective of sex and ethnicity. Methodology: Study included 648 healthy children after fulfilling inclusion criteria ,there socio-demographic information, diet history, history regarding daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, time spent for recreational activities was taken and there height, weight was recorded and BMI was calculated . By using standardized IAP GROWTH CHARTS children were categorised as underweight, normal, overweight/ obese. Result: Prevalence of overweight was 14% and obesity was 7.3% in children between 5 to 15 years of age. Conclusion: Adolescent age ,children belonging to upper and upper middle socioeconomic status, family history of non-communicable diseases, Calorie intake more than RDA for age, Protein consumption less than RDA for age, consumption of mix diet (veg + non veg), less consumption of a balanced diet, lack of physical activity were associated with overweight and obesity.
PENERAPAN FORUM ONLINE BULLETIN BOARD PADA SMARTPHONE ANDROID
Authors: Riki Riki 
Published: August 2020

Penerapan forum kedalam dunia internet dapat di implementasikan menggunakan myBB, kemudahan dari fitur myBB dapat membetuk forum dan mengatur forum sesuai kategori yang dibutuhkan. Fitur-fitur yang ada di myBB juga dapat membentuk <em>bulletin board </em>berupa pengumuman . Dengan berkembangpesatnya teknologi informasi sekarang ini, forum tidak hanya di akses sebatas dari komputer pribadi, namun juga telah berhasil diterapkan di <em>smartphone</em>. Android adalah merupakan salah satu sistem operasi <em>smartphone </em>yang bersifat <em>opensource </em>dan mudah dikembangkan untuk membangun aplikasi forum Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. Dan dibangun aplikasi untuk mengakses forum dengan platform android, pembangunan aplikasi android diperuntukan sebagai sisi client dan myBB ditujukan untuk web server. Dengan skema rancangan dua rancangan pembuatan aplikasi tersebut, adapun teknik pembuatan aplikasi tersebut dengan myBB, layanan buzztouch serta eclipse yang telah didukung dengan ADT (<em>Android Development Tools</em>), maka dilakukan pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode <em>waterfall</em> sebagai tahapan pembangun aplikasi client server untuk dapat melakukan akses ke forum dan telah dapat diterapkan di Forum Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji.
ANALISIS NETWORK SECURITY SNORT METODE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM UNTUK OPTIMASI KEAMANAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER
Authors: Panggabean Parningotan 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>Perkembangan teknologi informasi, khususnya jaringan komputer memungkinkan terjadinya pertukaran informasi yang mudah, cepat dan semakin kompleks. Keamanan jaringan komputer harus diperhatikan guna menjaga validitas dan integritas data serta informasi yang berada dalam jaringan tersebut. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah adanya Log Bug yang didapatkan pada komputer server Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Batam yang diindikasikan adanya serangan Denial of Service (DoS) pada komputer tersebut. Berdasarkan masalah diatas maka penulis mencoba membuat sebuah penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Network Security Snort menggunakan metode Intrusion Detection System (IDS) untuk Optimasi Keamanan Jaringan Komputer” dan diharapkan dapat mendeteksi serangan Denial of Service (DoS). Intrusion Detection System (IDS) adalah sebuah tool, metode, sumber daya yang memberikan bantuan untuk melakukan identifikasi, memberikan laporan terhadap aktivitas jaringan komputer. Aplikasi yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi serangan menggunakan Snort. Snort dapat mendeteksi serangan DoS. Serangan DoS dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Loic.</em></p>
An Understanding of Socially-Constructed Knowledge in the Context of Traditional Game-Playing as Theorems-in-Action
Authors: Braz Dias Ana Lúcia , Braz Dias Juliana 
Published: August 2020

In this article the authors describe data from an ethnographical study about the playing of Uril, a mancala-type game played in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. They interpret observed game strategies as theorems-in-actions, constructed socially and throughout a long period of time, influenced by socially shared norms and beliefs, as well as by knowledge construction at the individual level. The authors also use knowledge obtained from a computer-generated database to explore a sequence of game moves observed ethnographically, verifying its robustness and the necessary conditions that make it a winning strategy. The authors use evidence from ethnographical data to argue that those necessary conditions are tacitly assumed by the players observed.
Insight into Rotational Effects on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine NREL Phase ii Using CFD simulation and inverse BEM
Authors: Riyadh Belamadi 
Published: August 2020

The present work aims to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the NREL phase II rotor (generated only with S809 profile along the span for an untwisted case) that is a horizontal axis downwind wind turbine rotor and which is assumed to stand isolated in the space. The three-dimensional steady-incompressible flow Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved by using the commercial CFD package ANSYS FLUENT and, the turbulence closure model k-ω with shear stress transport correction was adopted for all computations. The computations were done for wind speed of 7.2, 10.56, 12.85, 16.3, and 9.18 m.s-1. Results of pressure and torque for considered wind turbine rotor have been directly compared to the available experimental data. The comparisons show that CFD results along with the turbulence model can predict the span-wise loading of the wind turbine rotor with reasonable agreement. Secondly, A comparison of lift and drag coefficients was made between the results obtained using the inverse algorithm BEM based on the calculated pressure distributions and the experimental test data. The result show that the general trend is similar for all sections of the scale, however, large deviation exists between the 2-D and 3-D case.
Numerical Study of a Turbulent Burner by Means of RANS and Detailed Chemistry
Authors: Hafid Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

The present paper shows a numerical study of the Co-flow turbulent flame configuration using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modelling with detailed chemistry. The presumed Probability Density Function (PDF) model combined with the k-Ɛ turbulence model is adopted. The GRI Mech-3.0 mechanism that involves 53 species and 325 reactions is used. The effect of the turbulent Schmidt number Sct and the C1ε constant in the turbulent dissipation transport equation is highlighted. Despite the simplicity of RANS approach compared to other complex models such as LES and DNS, the results show that this approach is still able to simulate the turbulent flame.
Modeling solar desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) powered by concentrating solar power (CSP) plan
Authors: Remlaoui Ahmed , . Hammou Soumia, Bent Abdelkader Nafissa 
Published: August 2020

This article deals with the desalination of seawater and brackish water, which can deal with the problem of water scarcity that threatens certain countries in the world; it is now possible to meet the demand for drinking water. Currently, among the various desalination processes, the reverse osmosis technique is the most used. Electrical energy consumption is the most attractive factor in the cost of operating seawater by reverse osmosis in desalination plants. Desalination of water by solar energy can be considered as a very important drinking water alternative. For determining the electrical energy consumption of a single reverse osmosis module, we used the System Advisor Model (SAM) to determine the technical characteristics and costs of a parabolic cylindrical installation and Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) to obtain the electrical power of a single reverse osmosis module. The electrical power of a single module is 4101 KW; this is consistent with the manufacturer's data that this power must be between 3900 kW and 4300 KW. Thus, the energy consumption of the system is 4.92 KWh/m3.Thermal power produced by the solar cylindro-parabolic field during the month of May has the maximum that is 208MWth, and the minimum value during the month of April, which equals 6 MWth. Electrical power produced by the plant varied between 47MWe, and 23.8MWe. The maximum energy was generated during the month of July (1900 MWh) with the maximum energy stored (118 MWh).
Development of an automatic linear calibration method for high-resolution single-particle mass spectrometry: improved chemical species identification for atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Zhu Shengqiang , Li Lei , Wang Shurong , Li Mei , Liu Yaxi , Lu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Wang Lin , Chen Jianmin , Zhou Zhen , Yang Xin , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The mass resolution of laser desorption ionization (LDI) single-particle
aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) is usually low (∼500),
which has been greatly improved by the recent development of the delayed ion
extraction technique. However, due to large fluctuations among LDI processes
during each laser shot, accurate calibration of the mass-to-charge ratio for
high-resolution SPAMS (HR-SPAMS) spectra is challenging. Here we developed an automatic
linear calibration method to improve the accuracy of mass-to-charge (m∕z)
measurement for single atmospheric aerosol particles. Laboratory-generated
sea spray aerosol and atmospheric ambient aerosol were tested. After the
calibration, the fluctuation ranges of the reference ions' (e.g., Pb+ and SO4+) m∕z reaches ±0.018 for sea spray aerosol and ±0.024 for ambient aerosol in average mass spectra. With such m∕z accuracy, the HR-SPAMS spectra of sea spray aerosol can easily identify elemental compositions of organic peaks, such as Cx, CxHy and CxHyOz. While the chemical compositions of ambient aerosols are more complicated, CxHy, CxHyOz and CNO peaks can also be identified based on their accurate mass. With the improved resolution, the time series of peaks with small m∕z differences can be separated and measured. In addition, it is also found that applying high-resolution data with enhanced mass calibration can significantly affect particle classification (identification) using the ART-2a algorithm, which classify particles based on similarities among single-particle mass spectra.