bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation Study of a Rapid ELISA for Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Barley, Malted Barley, Corn, Oats, and Rice
Authors: Lupo Anthony , Roebuck Chris , Settimo Ken , Quain Anna , Kennedy Justina , Abouzied Mohamed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neogen Corp. developed the Veratox DON test kit for the detection of deoxynivalenol (DON). The purpose of this study was to validate the method under the requirements of the AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) program. There are two AOAC Official MethodsSM for DON detection: 986.17 and 986.18, the first of which is a TLC method and the second a GC method. A rapid method (PTM 000701) has also been performance tested by the AOAC Research Institute. One of the most widely used reference methods; however, is a GC method with electron capture detection that is referred to as the reference method in this paper. Although considered the reference method, the GC procedure is complicated and requires the investment of both expensive equipment and a highly skilled technician. A rapid (e.g., ELISA) test kit needs to be validated by the AOAC Research Institute. The Veratox 2/3 method is highly reproducible with average CV values &lt;10, and is very accurate, showing &gt;97 correlation to reference methods.
Assessing Analytical Variability of Measurement of Vitamin A in Corn-Soy Blend
Authors: Moore Wayne R , DeVries Jonathan , MacDonald John , Hare Lynne ,   Collaborators:, Carson J , Chaudhari P , DeVries J , Fontana J , Golz P , King J , MacDonald J , McCullough C , Noggle, S , Rasgorshek E , Schorn S , Skogerson L , Sullins D , Sullivan D , Sussman M , Weibel M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two multilaboratory investigations were conducted by SUSTAIN to assess variability in the measurement of vitamin A, the marker used to verify levels of vitamin premix addition to enriched/fortified food aid products, including the widely distributed corn-soy blend (CSB). CSB specifications identify AACC Approved Method 86-06 or equivalent methods for vitamin A analysis, however there is no requirement to demonstrate equivalency. CSB samples with known and blinded levels of vitamin A and a reference standard were analyzed by 16 laboratories using their respective methods. Calculated coefficients of variation across all laboratories and methods for unknown samples and reference standard were 35 and 7.1, respectively, suggesting the largest source of variation is the vitamin extraction procedure. Laboratories generally overestimated low levels and underestimated high levels of vitamin A within the range of 6000 and 16 000 IU/lb. Only two laboratories demonstrated excellent internal precision (300 IU vitamin A/lb) and reported values within 95 confidence interval for all blinded samples. Results of this study have implications both for quality control in food aid products (due to the use of vitamin A as a marker) and for regulatory oversight of vitamin A content in commercial food products.
Determination of New Antidepressants in Pharmaceuticals by Thin-Layer Chromatography with Densitometry
Authors: Gondová Tatána , Petríková Iveta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new and simple TLC-densitometry method has been developed for the simultaneous separation of the two noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants mirtazapine and mianserine and validated for their determination in commercially available tablets. The method used TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase, and the mobile phase consisted of hexaneisopropanol25 ammonia (70 + 25 + 5, v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 280 nm. The method was validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Calibration curves were linear (R2 &gt; 0.9970) with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 5002500 and 5005000 ng/spot for mirtazapine and mianserine, respectively. The LODs were 20 and 35 ng/spot for mirtazapine and mianserine, respectively. The described method was successfully applied to the determination of mirtazapine and mianserine in their pharmaceutical formulations with recovery ranging from 99.83 to 101.20 of the labeled amount of the compounds. The proposed method can be used in routine QC of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
A Liquid Chromatographic Method for Routine Analysis of 5-Mononucleotides in Pediatric Formulas
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Indyk Harvey E , Kumar Maureen C , Sievwright Nathan K , Manley-Harris Merilyn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An RP-HPLC method for the routine determination of supplemented 5-mononucleotides (uridine 5-monophosphate, inosine 5-monophosphate, adenosine 5-monophosphate, guanosine 5-monophosphate, and cytidine 5-monophosphate) in pediatric formulas and milk products is described. Following sample dissolution, potential interferences were removed by anion-exchange SPE. Chromatographic analyses were performed using a C18 stationary phase with gradient elution, UV detection, and quantitation by an internal standard technique. A single-laboratory validation was performed, with recoveries of 92101 and repeatability RSDs of 1.02.3. The method was optimized for the rapid, routine analysis of nucleotide-supplemented bovine milk-based infant and follow-on formulas.
Strain Typing and the Ecological Structure of Escherichia coli
Authors: Gordon David M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a commonly encountered commensal of the lower intestinal tract of humans and other mammals. Strains of the species are responsible for a significant amount of human morbidity and mortality each year. Consequently, numerous efforts attempt to track the movement of hospital-acquired infections, determine the source of a foodborne disease outbreak, or investigate the seasonal patterns of pathogen abundance in domestic animals. All of these endeavors require that the isolates acquired be differentiated from each other in some manner. This review briefly describes some of the commonly used molecular typing methods for E. coli. However, the main aim of the review is to describe the many levels, from the species to individual strains, at which E. coli can be considered, and to contend that a hierarchical approach to strain typing may often reveal patterns that are not obvious when a typing scheme is simply designed to differentiate isolates.
Sample Preparation Based on Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion and Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish
Authors: Barriada-Pereira Mercedes , Gonzlez-Castro María José , Muniategui-Lorenzo Soledad , López-Maha Purificíon , Prada-Rodrguez Daro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and SPE to determine 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fish tissues (muscle and liver) was optimized in terms of the sorbents and elution solvents used for the analysis. The following analytical components were evaluated: ENVI-Carb and ENVI-18 as dispersing agents, Florisil and Florisil over alumina as cleanup adsorbents, and hexane and hexaneethyl acetate (80 + 20) as elution solvents. The pesticides were determined by GC with electron capture detection. The best results were obtained with ENVI-Carb as a dispersing agent and an ENVI-Florisil co-column using 40 mL hexaneethyl acetate (80 + 20) as the elution solvent. Analytical recoveries ranged between 75 and 130 except for -HCH in fish liver, and the RSD values were &lt;15 for most of the pesticides studied. Furthermore, sensitivity was sufficient (LOD of &lt;300 g/kg) for all OCPs under study, in compliance with the tolerance limits of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for OCPs in fish. The results were compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) in order to evaluate the performance of the MSPD procedure. The MPSD methodology was shown to be easy to use and fast, with a clear advantage relative to cost, because it does not need the expensive equipment required for MAE and PLE.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in Tablets
Authors: Patel Sejal K , Patel Natvarlal J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced decomposition studies. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of acid, base, oxidation, wet heat, dry heat, and photodegradation. In stability tests, the drug was susceptible to acid, base, oxidation, and dry and wet heat degradation. It was found to be stable under the photolytic conditions tested. The drug was successfully separated from the degradation products formed under stress conditions on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 4.6 mm id, 5 m particle size) by using acetonitrilemethanol0.032 M ammonium acetate (55 + 05 + 40, v/v/v) as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min and 40C. Photodiode array detection at 275 nm was used for quantitation after RP-HPLC over the concentration range of 0.55 g/mL with a mean recovery of 100.8 0.4 for ATX. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the method is repeatable, specific, and accurate for the estimation of ATX. Because the method effectively separates the drug from its degradation products, it can be used as a stability-indicating method.
Determination of Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe in a Combined Tablet Dosage Form Using High-Performance Column Liquid Chromatography and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Varghese Susheel John , Ravi Thengungal Kochupappy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes validated HPLC and HPTLC methods for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin (ROS) and ezetimibe (EZE) in a combined tablet dosage form. The isocratic RP-HPLC analysis was performed on a Chromolith C18 column (100 6 mm id) using 0.1 (v/v) orthophosphoric acid solution (pH 3.5)acetonitrile (63 + 37, v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at ambient temperature. Quantification was carried out using a photodiode array UV detector at 245 nm over the concentration range of 0.510 g/mL for ROS and EZE. The HPTLC separation was carried out on an aluminum-backed sheet of silica gel 60F254 layers using n-butyl acetatechloroformglacial acetic acid (1 + 8 + 1, v/v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was achieved with UV densitometry at 245 nm over a concentration range of 0.10.9 g/spot for ROS and EZE. The analytical methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Low RSD values indicated good precision. Both methods were successfully applied for the analysis of the drugs in laboratory-prepared mixtures and commercial tablets. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excipients was found. These methods are simple, precise, and sensitive, and are applicable for simultaneous determination of ROS and EZE in pure powder and tablets.
Determination of Walnut Protein in Processed Foods by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Sakai Shinobu , Adachi Reiko , Akiyama Hiroshi , Teshima Reiko , Doi Hirotoshi , Shibata Haruki , Urisu Atsuo ,   Collaborators:, Arakawa F , Haraguchi H , Hirose Y , Hirota M , Iidzuka T , Ikeno K , Kojima K , Maeda S , Minegishi Y , Mishima T , Oguchi K , Seki T , Yamakawa H , Yano T , Yasuda K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because food allergens from tree nuts, including walnuts, are a frequent cause of adverse food reactions for allergic patients, the labeling of foods containing ingredients derived from tree nuts is required in numerous countries. According to Japanese regulations, the labeling of food products containing walnuts is recommended. To ensure proper labeling, a novel sandwich ELISA kit for the determination of walnut protein in processed foods (Walnut Protein [2S-Albumin] Kit; Morinaga Institute of Biological Science, Inc.; walnut kit) has been developed. We prepared seven types of incurred samples (model processed foods: biscuits, bread, sponge cake, orange juice, jelly, chicken meatballs, and rice gruel) containing 10 g walnut soluble protein/g of food for use in interlaboratory evaluations of the walnut kit. The walnut kit displayed sufficient reproducibility relative standard deviations (interlaboratory precision: 5.89.9 RSDR) and a high level of recovery (81119) for all the incurred samples. All the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values for the incurred samples that were examined were less than 6.0. The results of this interlaboratory evaluation suggested that the walnut kit could be used as a precise and reliable tool for determination of walnut protein in processed foods.
Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Four Coumarins in Saussurea superba by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Chen Juan , Chen Li , Zhang Hong-Li , Shi Yan-Ping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoretic method has been developed for the determination of four coumarinsskimmin, scopolin, scopoletin, and umbelliferonein Saussurea superba with UV detection at 254 nm. The capillary temperature was kept constant at 25°C. Effects of buffer pH, electrolyte concentration, organic modifier, and applied voltage on migration behavior were studied systematically. The optimum conditions for separation were achieved by using 30 mM borate buffer at pH 9.02 containing 15% (v/v) methanol as the electrolyte and 25 kV as the applied voltage. For all analytes a good linear regression relationship (r &gt;0.999) was obtained between peak area and concentration over a relatively wide range. The method was validated for repeatability, precision, and accuracy. The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the four analytes in S. superba.
Validated HPTLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Gallic Acid in Stem Bark of Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don, Myricaceae
Authors: Patel Kalpana G , Patel Vandana G , Patel Kirti V , Gandhi Tejal R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and precise HPTLC method was developed for quantitative estimation of gallic acid in stem bark of Myrica esculenta, family Myricaceae. Separation was performed on silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates using tolueneethyl acetateformic acidmethanol (3 + 3 + 0.6 + 0.4, v/v/v/v) mobile phase for separation of the extracted components. The determination was carried out in the UV densitometric absorbance-reflection mode at 280 nm. The amount of gallic acid in free and combined form in the stem bark powder was found to be 0.276 and 0.541%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Gallic acid response was found to be linear over a broad concentration range of 0.42.0 µg/band. LOD and LOQ were 0.103 and 0.312 µg/spot, respectively. The developed method is capable of quantifying amounts of gallic acid in stem bark powder of M. esculenta.
Optimization and Validation of an LC-FLD Method for Biotin in Infant Formula, Infant Cereals, Cocoa-Malt Beverages, and Clinical Nutrition Products
Authors: Gimnez Esther Campos , Trisconi Marie-Jose , Kilinc Tamara , Andrieux Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fast and simple chromatographic method to determine biotin in foods is presented. Biotin is extracted using papain (60°C, 1 h). After pH adjustment and filtration, biotin is determined by LC with fluorescence detection using postcolumn reagent avidin-FITC (avidin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate). The method has been validated in a large range of products: milk- and soy-based infant formulas, cereals, cocoa-malt beverages, and clinical nutrition products. The method showed recovery rates of 98.1 ± 5.7 (average ± SD) in a large range of concentrations. Biotin concentrations determined in infant formula standard reference materials 1846 and 1849 were in agreement with reference values. RSD of repeatability (RSDr) varied from 2.0 to 4.5%, and intermediate reproducibility (RSDiR) from 5.8 to 9.4%. LOD and LOQ were 3.0 and 5.0 µg/100 g, respectively. The proposed method is suitable for routine analysis of biotin in fortified foods (infant formulas, infant cereals, cocoa-malt beverages, and clinical nutrition products). It can be used as a faster, more selective, and precise alternative to the classical microbiological determination, and is easily transferable among laboratories.
Methodology for Determining Degree of Hydrolysis of Proteins in Hydrolysates: A Review
Authors: Rutherfurd Shane M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Degree of hydrolysis (DH) is defined as the proportion of cleaved peptide bonds in a protein hydrolysate. Several methods exist for determining DH; the most commonly used of these include the pH-stat, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen (SN-TCA), and formol titration methods. The pH-stat method is based on the number of protons released during hydrolysis; the TNBS, OPA, and formol titration methods are based on the measurement of amino groups generated from hydrolysis. The SN-TCA method measures the amount of TCA-soluble nitrogen, rather than DH. The pH-stat is the simplest and most commonly used method, but does not determine peptide bonds directly. In addition, the accuracy of the method depends on the type of hydrolytic enzymes used, the size of the hydrolyzed peptides, and the reaction temperature. Generally, the TNBS and OPA methods compare well and do directly determine DH. However, the assumption that the response factor for all derivatized N-terminal amino acids is similar may lead to inaccuracies. In conclusion, there is no consensus as to the best method for determining the DH of protein hydrolysates; consequently, there is a need for a standardized approach if interstudy comparisons are to be made.
Issues in Mass Spectrometry Between Bench Chemists and Regulatory Laboratory Managers: Summary of the Roundtable on Mass Spectrometry Held at the 123rd AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting
Authors: Heller David N , Lehotay Steven J , Martos Perry A , Hammack Walter , Fernndez-Alba Amadeo R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At the 123rd AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, PA, 45 residue chemists gathered for a roundtable discussion of mass spectrometry (MS) used for regulatory chemical residues analysis. The session was conceived to address current technical and communication issues about MS between bench chemists and their bosses. The topics covered a range of practical, routine, and recurring issues on capabilities and limitations of MS techniques, and suggestions on how chemists may better communicate their MS results with customers. The customers in this sense include laboratory managers, quality assurance officers, laboratory clients, regulatory officials, policy-makers, lawyers, and others who have interest in the data. The stated goals devised by the roundtable panelists were to provide independent advice, describe limitations, give practical tips, help set realistic expectations, and answer questions from the attendees. The panelists divided the topics into three main themes: practical aspects in routine analysis using MS, choice of MS technique depending on the purpose for analysis, and qualitative identification and confirmation concepts. This report was written to summarize and expand upon the discussion, frame the current issues, and provide advice on handling common situations in MS analysis and reporting of results. Topics included LODs, data quality objectives, quantification and reporting results, matrix effects, calibration, terminology, differences in performance across MS platforms, proficiency testing, qualitative analysis, and laboratory accreditation. Conclusions are presented as a set of questions for structuring a dialog between bench chemists and laboratory managers.
Multiresidue Analysis of 95 Pesticides at Low Nanogram/Liter Levels in Surface Waters Using Online Preconcentration and High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jansson Christer , Kreuger Jenny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new multiresidue method for the analysis of 95 pesticides and breakdown products with a wide range of physiochemical properties in surface and ground water using online solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC/MS/MS is presented. Using an injection volume of only 500 L filtered water, an LOD in the 110 ng/L range was achieved for all but one substance, and recoveries were, with a few exceptions, in the 70120 range. Large differences were found in the adsorption of pesticides on nine filter materials tested for filtration of the water samples. Filters of regenerated cellulose were chosen due to good recoveries and easy handling. Results from the proposed method were compared with results from previously used methods for 31 pesticides in 99 surface water samples, collected in 2008, with good agreement.
Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Botanical Extracts: Evaluation of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Standard Reference Materials
Authors: Castro Joaudimir , Balarama Krishna M V , Marcus R Kenneth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The preliminary validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry method (HPLC-PB/MS) with electron impact ionization source for analysis of botanical extracts is presented. The LC-PB/MS system was evaluated for the analysis of ephedrine alkaloids using ephedra-containing National Institute of Standards and Technology dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs) 3241 Ephedra Sinica Stapf Native Extract and 3242 Ephedra Sinica Stapf Commercial Extract. The ephedrine alkaloids were separated by reversed-phase chromatography using a phenyl column at room temperature. A linear gradient method with a mobile phase composition varying from 5:95 [MeOH:0.1 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water] to 20:80 (MeOH:0.1 TFA in water) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with an analysis time of less than 20 min, was used. The source block temperature was evaluated to determine the optimal operating conditions by monitoring the intensities and fragmentation patterns of the ephedrine alkaloids. Ephedrine and N-methylephedrine were taken as a representative of the test alkaloids. The LODs on the sub-nanogram level were achieved, with ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine in the SRMs quantified by a standard addition method with recoveries of 86 and RSDs of 14 (N = 3).
Fingerprint Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Related Health Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Song Jiajia , Fang Guozhen , Zhang Yan , Deng Qiliang , Wang Shuo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fingerprint analysis method was developed for Ginkgo biloba leaves and was successfully used for quality evaluation of related health foods by HPLC with electrospray ionization MS. Fifteen samples of G. biloba leaves, which were collected from 15 different locations in China, were analyzed and identified in this study. By both peak analysis and similarity analysis of the fingerprint chromatograms, variation of constituents was easily observed in the leaves from different sources. By comparison with batches of authentic leaves, the authenticity, and quality consistency of related health foods in different matrixes were effectively estimated. It is important to mention that studying a wide range of authentic leaves from various habitats made the quality evaluation of commercial products more convincing and reasonable. The fingerprint-based strategy of the developed method should provide improved QC of G. biloba leaves and products.