СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА МНОГОДЕТНЫХ СЕМЕЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: ИНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Цветкова Г.С. , Белов Е.Л. 
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрены ключевые нормативно-правовые документы, определяющие основы социальной политики в области поддержки многодетных семей в Российской Федерации. Изучены региональные практики работы органов социальной защиты на примере шести субъектов, в числе которых регионы-лидеры инновационного развития страны и провинциальные дотационные регионы. Показано, что действующее законодательство позволяет субъектам Российской Федерации назначать дополнительные денежные выплаты, размер которых зависит от возможностей регионального бюджета. Сделан вывод о необходимости дифференцированного подхода к оказанию материальной поддержки многодетных семей, адресного характера мероприятий в зависимости от структуры и состава семей, регионального профиля. Анализ показал, что уровень поддержки многодетных семей в регионах исследования можно считать удовлетворительным. В последние годы наблюдается положительная динамика количества многодетных семей.
Introduction. The unfavorable economic situation and shock risks of 2020 have aggravated the importance of the state's social policy and confirmed the thesis that the problem of income inequality within the country was much more dangerous for the national security of the state than the income inequality between thepopulation of different countries. Russian families with many children as an object of social policy take a special place in this context. The goal of the researchis to study the regional practice of social support for the families with many children in Russian regions. The research tasks are to review the institutional bases of social policy in regard to the families with many children and to make a comparative analysis of the measures of social support for the families with many children based on the example of some Russian regions. The paper considers the key regulatory and legal documents that define the foundations of social policy in the field of support of large families in Russia. The relationship of large families with social protection agencies is determined by the legal field of federal laws, decrees and resolutions, supplemented by a number of regional decrees and resolutions. The regional experience in the activity of social protection authorities based on the example of six Russian regions is studied. They are two provincial, subsidized regions (Chuvash Republic, Mari El Republic), two successful regions with innovative development (Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhniy Novgorod oblast), and two largest Russian cities (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg). Results.The research has shown that the social protection authorities of the considered regions adapted the tools of support of the families with many children with an account to the innovations of federal government and the capacity of regional budgets. The conducted research confirms the priority of the differentiated approach in the social policy, targeting activities arrangement depending on the structure and composition of the families with many children. The system of support and social protection of the families with three and more children requires the enhancement both at the federal and regional levels. The institutional bases of social policy in the support of Russian families with many children contain many controversial topics requiring theoretical and practical understanding.