bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of heavy metal levels with environmental and behavioral factors in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Xiao Yu , Huang Yongshun , Huang Weiyong , Zhao Chang’an , Hu Ligang , Chen Baowei , Deng Yuhong , Zhu Dongsheng , He Yansi , Tang Qinli , Ouyang Kai , Ma Danjuan , Huang Jian , Wu Jieling , Chen Jiabin , Huang Hanlin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The etiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are yet unclear. Previous studies suggested that ASD is associated with environmental heavy metals. Thus, the present study analyzed the levels of 41 heavy metals and the associated environmental factors in children with ASD. Methods The 25 children diagnosed with ASD were included in the case group (ASD group), while the 18 age- and gender-matched healthy children who came for routine care were included in the typical development group (TD group). The levels of heavy metal in the blood were measured in both groups. The questionnaire survey collected the demographic information, socioeconomic information, and risk factors of potential heavy metal sources for the analysis of risk factors. Results A total of 25 children were included in the ASD group and 18 in the TD group. The blood manganese (Mn) level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group . The father’s educational level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. The living status was mainly scattered for the ASD children and daycare for the TD group. The frequency of book-reading, washing hand with sanitizer/soap, and the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy was significantly lower in the ASD group than the TD group, while the percentage of birth disorder history was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education level beyond junior college were protective factors for ASD. Also, the frequencies of washing hands with sanitizer every time, sometimes, and hardly acted as protective factors for ASD. Conclusion Blood Mn level was significantly higher in ASD than TD, suggesting that environmental Mn exposure could be a risk factor of ASD in children. Folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education levels are protective factors for ASD. Concentrated heavy metal in the blood in prenatal or early life exposures which suggested ASD is needed in the future study.
Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia Coli from laying chicken and egg in Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Taddese Diriba , Shumi Eshetu , Asefa Mestewot 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives Food borne diseases are one of the main important issues in the world. Escherichia coli are considered as the most prevalent food borne pathogen. A cross sectional study was conducted from January 6- 2018 to September 10-2019 on cloacae swab; farm and market’s egg at Jimma town to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Result Out of 415 total samples, 156 (37.59%) were identified as E. coli from farm eggshell 21/83 (25.30%), farm egg content 12/83 (14.46%), cloacae swab 42/83 (50.60%) and market egg shell 45/83 (54.23%). In the current study antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli isolates from different sample types revealed varying degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial. Isolated E. coli was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicine (100%), Streptomycin ( 96.4% ) , sulfonamides (94%), Kanamycin (91%), Chloramphenicol ( 89.5% ) , tetraccine (78.9%) , Trimethoprim (75%) these are considered appropriate for empirical treatment of E. coli in the study area. Moreover, resistance of isolates with 100%, 75% 50%, 25%, 1.6% and 0.5% was developed to ampicillin, neomycin, cefoxitin oxytetracycline , Streptomycin and tetraccine respectively. The presence of E.coli within egg/and chicken can pose serious public health problems. The appropriate hygienic practices of eggs at both farms and markets should be under taken.
Reliability of Physical Activity Pattern Questionnaire for Elders&nbsp;
Authors: cho min-haeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Since it is important for elders to do physical activity regularly, many countries including South Korea have followed physical activity recommendations on the dose-response relationship between the frequency, duration, intensity, and type of physical activity for health. Although many studies have focused on the dose-response relationship of physical activity with health benefits for older adults, there is little information available and practical to measure physical active lifestyle whether they meet the recommendations of physical activity.Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the test-retest reliability of the newly developed physical activity pattern questionnaire in repeated assessments performed by older adults aged 65 years and above.Methods Of the 200 questionnaires, 117 residents aged over 65 who were participating in recreational programs provided by the community centers (senior center, residential culture center, and sport center) completed the survey. The test-retest repeatability was assessed using the Cohen’s kappa statistics.Results The reliability coefficient showed good to high internal consistency throughout. The alpha statistic was 0.658 for questions on flexibility activity participation, 0.666 for questions on aerobic activity participation, and 0.935 for questions on muscular activity participation.Conclusions This paper made an important methodological contribution to the assessment of physical activity by showing that when creating a more accurate and comfortable tool for measuring physical activity it is necessary to take into account the global physical activity recommendations. In conclusion, the author found excellent or good reproducibility at a four week interval for all questions that survey physical activity pattern among elders and know whether they meet the global physical activity recommendations.
Industry manufacturers rating by sales proﬁt and pre-tax proﬁt in 2017
Authors: Romanova S. 
Published: January 2020

The medical device manufacturers rating by pre-tax profit and sales profit was prepared using the state accounting reports of 60 leading manufacturers in the industry. Only profitable medical device manufacturers were included in the rating.The pre-tax profit and sales profit of the medical device manufacturers included in the 2017 rating increased by 9.15% and 9.55% compared to the previous year and amounted to RUB 4.502 bil. and RUB 5.605 bil.In addition to pre-tax profit and sales profit indicators in absolute terms, relative indicators were used to carry out comprehensive assessment of the industry manufacturers performance. The relative indicators included such criteria as pre-tax profit and sales profit gains as compared to the previous year. The manufacturers rating was determined using one of the mathematical methods, which is called the sum of rankings.
Modelling the effects of climate change on urban coastal-fluvial flooding
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jennifer Isabel Munro , Olbert Agnieszka Indiana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn coastal floodplains, high river flows and high coastal water levels can result in extensive flooding. Twenty-first century climate change is expected to alter these flood mechanisms. In this study, a coastal city of Cork, Ireland is used as a case study to investigate changes in flood mechanisms, dynamics and extents due to climate change. A hydrodynamic flood model MSN_Flood was used to compute potential future inundation patterns for a range of climate scenarios based on estimates of current, medium-range and high-end projections of extreme river flows and sea levels. Results illustrate that the flood mechanism is critical in controlling patterns and extent of inundation. Peak river discharges are the primary contributor to extreme flood events under the current climate scenario, however, high-end climate change could result in coastal inundation of comparable magnitude. The most extreme flood events affect the entire city centre – occurring as a result of a combination of fluvial and coastal drivers. The interaction of extreme fluvial discharges and coastal water levels is complex and characterised through comparison of multiple scenarios. This research establishes a best practice methodology for assessment of urban coastal-fluvial flood risk under a changing climate and can be used to determine climate-resilient flood management measures.
Water and sanitation are not gender-neutral: human rights in rural Brazilian communities
Authors: Silva Bárbarah Brenda , Sales Bárbara , Lanza Ana Carolina , Heller Léo , Rezende Sonaly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Human Rights to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), adopted as UN Resolutions since 2010, contemplates key elements that seek to ensure equal and non-discriminatory access to water and sanitation, including the elimination of gender inequalities. Working in populations with socio-environmental vulnerabilities, this study aims to assess gender division of labor in households of two rural communities in the North and Northeast Brazilian macroregions and identify why greater impacts occur on the lives of women when compared to men, resulting in human rights concerns. A qualitative analysis was carried out through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The study showed that in the two rural Brazilian communities there is a clear labor division for water and sanitation access from a gender perspective. Men undertake more specialized work, sometimes requiring greater physical effort. As for women, they are assigned functions related to the domestic environment, including activities concerning water and sanitation. When facilities are inadequate, there is a disproportionate impact on women's health and quality of life, showing that the non-compliance with the human rights to water and sanitation often results in more harmful consequences for them.
A study of the treatment of high-salt chromium-containing wastewater by the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method
Authors: Li Dandan , Chen Fengzhen , Han Jianqiu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, iron ore slag as the photocatalyst was introduced into a constructed wetland simulation system. A comparative experiment of the constructed wetland method and photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method that treats the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater was carried out. The best hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination system was studied. The effects of these two methods on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and Cr(VI) reduction rate of the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater were analysed after 14 periods. The results showed that under the optimal HRT of 4 hours, the COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 47% and 31%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 83% separately in the constructed wetland system. The COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 83% and 42%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 96% separately in the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method system. At the same time, the changes in plant parameters under these two systems were studied, and the results showed that the addition of photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide to constructed wetlands did not affect the normal indicators of plant growth. The results showed that the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method not only reduced the treatment time greatly, but also improved the quality of the treated wastewater significantly.
Pharmacological Strategies for Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity and Cancer: Thiazolidinediones and Metformin
Authors: Biondo Luana A. , Teixeira Alexandre A. S. , de O. S. Ferreira Karen C. , Neto Jose C. R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and cancer, have high prevalence rates. Both diseases
have hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, high levels of IGF-1 and inflammatory cytokines in common. Therefore,
these can be considered triggers for cancer development and growth. In addition, low-grade inflammation that
modulates the activation of immune cells, cellular metabolism, and production of cytokines and chemokines are
common in obesity, cancer, and insulin resistance. Pharmacological strategies are necessary when a change in
lifestyle does not improve glycemic homeostasis. In this regard, thiazolidinediones (TZD) possess multiple molecular
targets and regulate PPARγ in obesity and cancer related to insulin resistance, while metformin acts
through the AMPK pathway.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to review TZD and metformin as pharmacological treatments for insulin
resistance associated with obesity and cancer.

Conclusions:
Thiazolidinediones restored adiponectin secretion and leptin sensitivity, reduced lipid droplets in
hepatocytes and orexigen peptides in the hypothalamus. In cancer cells, TZD reduced proliferation, production of
reactive oxygen species, and inflammation by acting through the mTOR and NFκB pathways. Metformin has
similar effects, though these are AMPK-dependent. In addition, both drugs can be efficient against certain side
effects caused by chemotherapy.
NAFLD at the Interface of the Mother-Infant Dyad
Authors: Bertrando Sara , Vajro Pietro 
Published: January 2020

:
This review aims to focus the links existing between several aspects of the mother-child dyad in the
intricate playground of obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), including its hepatic component, the Non-
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In recent years human and animal model studies have shown that dietary
interventions in mothers and offspring can be successful in reducing the risk of NAFLD development. Evidences
also concern the new concept of a real intergenerational transmission of predisposition to metabolic disorders.
Certain genes, such as SIRT1 and PNPLA3, and some epigenetic modifications, including micro RNAs
function, seem to be responsible for fetal reprogramming in the setting of maternal obesity. These modifiers appear
to be potential therapeutic targets to reduce the risk of future metabolic dysfunctions.

:
Controlling antepartum hyperglycemia, preventing gestational diabetes, and avoiding excessive weight gain during
pregnancy can help reduce the relentless epidemic of childhood obesity and NAFLD. Also, the composition
of the intestinal microbiota seems to be related to the development of metabolic disorders in the offspring. Several
studies show that breastfed infants have a microbial signature different from formula-fed infants. Much interestingly,
prolonged breastfeeding is beneficial not only for the newborn and his health in adult life, but also for the
mothers’ health. Maternal benefits include reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes
mellitus, myocardial infarction and NAFLD as well.

:
In conclusion, all above mechanisms appear to intervene synergistically and may act as modifiable risk factors for
infant and mother NAFLD.
An Assessment of Patients Factors Effect on Prescriber Adherence to Ischemic Stroke Secondary Prevention Guidelines
Authors: Al Qawasmeh Majdi , Alhusban Ahmed , Alfwaress Firas , El-Salem Khalid 
Published: January 2020

Background::
Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Stroke recurrence
is a major health problem with devastating consequences. Adherence to secondary prevention
guidelines reduced stroke recurrence. Data regarding prescriptions adherence to secondary
prevention guidelines in the Middle East and North Africa is lacking.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to assess the degree of physician adherence to ASA guidelines
and the patient specific factors that affect their prescribing patterns in a major teaching hospital in
Jordan.

Methods:
Ischemic stroke patients referring to King Abdullah University Hospital were approached
and offered a description of the study to obtain their informed consent. After getting the informed
consent, their prescription at the time of discharge was evaluated for adherence to secondary prevention
guidelines and classified into adherent and non-adherent based on a composite score that
included each of the guidelines which indicated therapeutic classes. Odds ratio for adherence and
their 95%confidence intervals were calculated and adherence to specific therapeutics classes was
evaluated.

Results:
Two hundred and seventy-five patients were included in this evaluation. Less than 50% of
the patients received guideline’s adherent prescriptions. Patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia
were associated with a lower probability were prescribed a guidelines adherent regimen (OR
0.485, 0.0.225, respectively). ACEI/ARBs combination with thiazides was prescribed to about
11.52% of the patients.

Conclusion:
Adherence to stroke secondary prevention guidelines was suboptimal especially in the
antihypertensive prescription component. Further assessments and evaluations are required to improve
guidelines adherence.
Salinomycin Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Liver Cancer Stem Cells and Wnt/Beta-catenin Signaling
Authors: Liu Qiuping , Sun Jinghui , Luo Qing , Ju Yang , Song Guanbin 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Accumulating evidence has revealed the important role of Cancer Stem Cells
(CSCs) in driving tumor initiation and tumor relapse or metastasis. Therapeutic strategies that selectively
target CSCs may be effective approaches to eliminate cancer. Salinomycin, an antitumor agent,
was identified as a selective inhibitor of several types of CSCs. We previously reported that salinomycin
inhibits the migration and invasiveness of Liver Cancer Stem Cells (LCSCs).

Objective:
This study was conducted to explore the role of salinomycin in suppressing the stemness
properties of LCSCs and the mechanism.

Methods:
LCSCs were identified and enriched from MHCC97H cells. Salinomycin was used to treat
LCSCs at the indicated concentrations. Sphere formation ability, chemotherapy resistance, expression
of CSC surface markers, Young’s modulus and tumorigenicity of LCSCs were assessed to evaluate the
effect of salionmycin on LCSCs. The expression of β-catenin was evaluated by western blotting. LiCl
was used to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Results:
Salinomycin suppresses the stemness properties of LCSCs. Moreover, salinomycin could also
inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LCSCs. Nevertheless, the stemness properties of
LCSCs could be recovered when Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated by LiCl. Further studies demonstrated
that salinomycin also significantly reduces the tumorigenicity of LCSCs in vivo by suppressing
the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Salinomycin could suppress stemness properties and induce differentiation of LCSCs
through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides evidence that salinomycin may serve as a
potential drug for liver cancer therapy targeting LCSCs in the clinic.
Association of FOXP3 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis on Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Mousavi Nazanin , Yasin Ahmadi Seyyed Amir , Mahmoudi Zahra , Nekouian Reza , Ansari-moghaddam Bijan , Shahsavar Farhad 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
OXP3 is a gene related to regulatory T cells existing on chromosome
X. This meta-analysis, based on genetic association studies, was conducted to investigate
the association of FOXP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
(MS).

Methods:
All genetic association studies covering both FOXP3 and multiple sclerosis
terms were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The information of
genotype frequencies was summarized and results were synthesized through odds ratio
(OR). Heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated using I2 scale and Begg's funnel
plot, respectively.

Results:
For rs3761548 -3279 C/A polymorphism, AA/AY genotypes were a risk factor in
comparison to CC/CY genotypes (P =0.022; OR =1.752; 95% confidence interval [CI]
=1.084-2.830; random). AC genotype was a risk factor in comparison to CC/CY genotypes
(P =0.004; OR =1.537; 95% CI =1.145-2.062; random) and homozygote genotypes
(P =0.016; OR =1.216; 95% CI =1.038-1.426; fixed). For rs2232365 -924 G/A polymorphism,
2 significant associations were found according to a fixed effect model; of course,
they did not remain significant in the random effect model.

Conclusion:
According to the collected populations, susceptibility to and protection from
MS are associated with rs3761548 -3279 C/A upstream polymorphism. However, it
should be regarded that this association is ethnicity dependent with low effect size.
A Micro-Channel Cooling Model for a Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Considering Through-Silicon Vias
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Sun Hong-Chang , Wang Kui-Zhi 
Published: January 2020

Background:
With the increase in the integration degree of the three-dimensional Integrated
Circuit ( 3D I C) , the thermal power consumption per unit volume increases greatly, which makes
the chip temperature rise. High temperature could affect the performance of the devices and even lead
to thermal failure. So, the thermal management for 3D ICs is becoming a major concern.

Objective:
The aim of the research is to establish a micro-channel cooling model for a three-dimensional integrated circuit(3D IC) considering the through-silicon vias(TSVs).

Methods:
By studying the structure of the TSVs, the equivalent t hermal resistance of each layer was
formulated. Then the one-dimensional micro-channel cooling thermal analytical model considering
the TSVs was proposed and solved by the existing sparse solvers such as KLU.

Results:
The results obtained in this paper reveal that the TSVs can effectively improve the heat dissipation, and its maximal temperature reduction is about 10.75%. The theoretical analysis is helpful to optimize the micro-channel cooling system for 3D ICs.

Conclusion:
The TSV has an important influence on the heat dissipation of 3D IC, which can improve its heat dissipation characteristic.
Senolytic potential of Hsp90 inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Sayan Dutta , Pan Cheol Ho 
Published: January 2020

:
Hsp90 chaperone is an encouraging target for the development of novel anticancer agents. The failure of Hsp90 inhibitors to get regulatory approval for the treatment of cancer is hindered due to toxicity, cost involved in their development and formulation issues. The inhibitors against this chaperone is also being evaluated in pre-clinical models for the treatment of diseases other than cancer (Alzheimer, malaria, AIDS, etc.). Recently, Hsp90 inhibitors have shown promising senolytic effect, that is helpful in increasing the health and life span of mice. The senolytic property of Hsp90 inhibitors will make them less toxic for use in humans. The review focuses on Hsp90 inhibitors discovered till date as senolytic agents along with their future prospects. Further, the various models used for the evaluation of senolytic effect are also discussed.