bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability and Breeding Preferences of Aedes Mosquitoes in Fifteen High Altitude Localities, Maekel Region, Eritrea: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Haile Kibreab Tesfamicael , Tsegai Meron Berhe , Sielu Feven Negusse , Weldu Liya Tekle , Nesserab Tesfit Brhane , Tesfamariam Eyasu Habte 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Even-though dengue fever suspicion started to surface in the high altitude localities of Zoba Maekel, presence of the vector has not been studied. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the availability of Aedes mosquitoes, their breeding preferences, and level of infestation in fifteen localities of this region.Methods: Inspection of all water holding containers, in 740 systematically selected households of fifteen localities, was done identifying immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes. All immatures were then, classified, reared and identified using taxonomic keys. Breeding preferences ratio and infestation indices were calculated.Results: In this study Aedes Aegypti mosquito was found in four localities, whereas mosquito of other Aedes specie was identified in twelve localities. Out of all the households inspected 51 were positive for Aedes immature. All indoor containers studied were free of Aedes infestation, whilst 53 of 874 outdoor containers were infested by Aedes larvae and pupae. In this study, discarded tyres were found to have the highest breeding preference ratio (2.11) and pupal productivity (40%). Plastic barrels had the highest positivity (42%) and were the second most productive type of container (28%). The Household, Container and Breteau Indices of more than half of the localities were higher than the high transmission risk thresholds.Conclusion: The study indicated possibilities of local dengue fever transmission in the studied areas. Hence, in depth confirmative studies should be considered and strategic preventive actions should be commenced in regard to the most preferred sites such as discarded tyres.
Exploring Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Euphorbiae Semen on Reversing of Multidrug Resistance in Leukemia Based on Network Pharmacology Strategy and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Song Xiao , Guo Fei , Sun Xiao-Chen , Wang Shu-Yue , Yuan Yao-Hui , Zhang Chao , Lv Hua-Ying , Chen Zhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Leukemia was listed by the World Health Organization as one of the five most intractable diseases in the world. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) of leukemia cells limits the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and is the major reason for the chemotherapy failure and recurrence of leukemia chemotherapy. Some studies have shown that Euphorbiae semen (ES) possesses the characteristics of new therapeutic drugs for MDR. However, the molecular mechanisms and active compounds have not yet been fully clarified. Therefore, there is a need for explore its active compounds and demonstrate its mechanisms through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Method: First, the TCMSP database was searched and screened the active compounds of the ES, supplemented with compounds verified by literature, so as to further identify the core compounds in the active ingredient. Simultaneously, the TCMSP and Swiss database were searched to the targets of active compounds, and the targets of reverses leukemia multidrug resistance (RL-MDR) were screened in the relevant databases, such as GeneCards and DrugBank. Then, the targets of active compounds were intersected with RL-MDR targets to obtain potential targets of ES acting on MDR. The compound–target network was constructed by Cytoscape. The target protein–protein interaction network was built using STRING and Cytoscape database. Second, the R language and DAVID database were used to analyse Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathways enrichment. Finally, molecular docking method was utilized to investigate the binding activity between the core targets and the active compounds of ES.Results: Compound–target network mainly contained 22 compounds and 81 corresponding targets. Finally, seven components in ES were selected and 10 core targets were identified; Key targets contained JUN, CASP3, MAOA, AR, PPARG, DRD2, ADRA2A, CHRM2, PTGS2 and MAPK14. GO enrichment analysis indicated the main biological functions of potential genes of ES in the treatment of MDR. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed the main pathways, mainly including apoptosis, pathways in cancer, p53 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and PI3K–Akt signaling pathway. Finally, we chose the top 10 common targets for molecular docking with the 7 active compounds of ES. The results of molecular docking indicated that the compounds of ES, which had good affinity with targets. Conclusion: The molecular mechanism of ES in the treatment of MDR showed the synergistic reaction of multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provided ideas for further clinical research.
Network Pharmacology-based Approach to Comparatively Predict the Active Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Compound Xueshuantong Capsule and Hexuemingmu Tablet in the Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Yao Hongyan , Xin Danli , Zhan Zongyi , Li Zijing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Compound Xueshuantong capsule (CXC) and Hexuemingmu tablet (HXMMT) are two important Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) frequently used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), especially when complicated with vitreous hemorrhage (VH). However, a network pharmacology approach to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of these two CPMs in PDR has not been applied. The aim of the study was to identify differences in active ingredients between CXC and HXMMT and to comparatively predict and further analyze the molecular targets shared by these CPMs and PDR.
Materials and methods

The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between normal retinal tissues in healthy individuals and active fibrovascular membranes in PDR patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The active ingredients of CXC and HXMMT and the targets of these ingredients were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The intersections of the CPM (CXC and HXMMT) targets and PDR targets were determined. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed, and the ingredient-target networks, protein-protein interaction networks and KEGG-target (KEGG-T) networks were constructed.
Results

There CXC contains 4 herbal drugs in CXC, and HXMMT contains 19. Radix salviae is the only herbal drug common to both. CXC had 34 potential therapeutic targets in PDR, while HXMMT had these 34 and 10 additional targets. Both CPMs shared the following main processes: response to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, regulation of blood vessel diameter and size, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction, hemostasis and blood coagulation. The shared pathways included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, etc.
Conclusions

Both CXC and HXMMT include components effective in treating PDR. Radix salviae, the only herbal drug common to both CPMs, contains many useful active ingredients. HXMMT has more therapeutic targets shared by different active ingredients and more abundant gene functions than CXC. Moreover, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications was the most significantly enriched pathway in both networks. However, these findings should be verified through further research.
Renal pelvis metastasis from lung cancer with extension of renal venous thrombus: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bai Shengjiang , Lai Li , Shi Ming , Xu Hang , Lei Haoran , Zheng Weitao , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) rarely metastases to the renal pelvis, especially with renal venous tumor thrombus, we presented the first case of a NSCLC patient with renal pelvis metastasis and renal venous invasion.Case presentation A 50-year-old man was referred to the thoracic facility after experiencing a healthy examination revealing solitary pulmonary mass in the left lung, he received surgery of left upper lobe resection and hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes dissection at our hospital in June 2016. Postoperative histopathologic diagnosis was NSCLC (pT3N0M0), and regular follow-up was performed after operation. After eighteen months, he was referred to the urology facility complaining of visible hematuria and pain in the right waist. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) indicated a neoplasm in the right renal pelvis, and filling coloboma could be seen in the right renal vein during the CT enhancement period. Simultaneously two nodules were found in his right lung. He received radical nephrectomy (RN) for the right kidney and removal of renal venous thrombus in December 2017. The neoplasm occupying the right pelvis and the solid ingredient occupying the right renal venous lumen were histologically considered as a metastatic carcinoma from the NSCLC. Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets were adminstrated to treat nodules in the right lung since the RN. According to the last re-examination in March 2020, the efficacy was evaluated as partial remission.Conclusions Renal venous invasion of renal tumor not only occurs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but also can be seen in the state of metastasis. Acquiring correct preoperative diagnosis is of great importance in determining proper treatment strategies. Besides, the aggressive RN for patients suffering advanced metastatic carcinoma of renal pelvis is safe under perfect perioperative management and favorable to treat metastatic carcinoma in other sites.
Prognostic factors of disease-free survival in postoperative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: luo panquan , zhang lixiang , chen lei , wang gang , zhu hai , zhou baichuan , han wenxiu , xu aman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the hepatocyte with high risk of invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis, which leads to a high mortality rate in recent years. This study aims to investigate the independent prognosis factors of DFS(disease free survival) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radical hepatectomy.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 358 patients admitted to the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical College from December 2009 to December 2014. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test. The survival curve was plotted by kaplan-meier method and tested by log-rank method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors.Results Among the 344 patients with liver cancer, 298 cases (86.63%) are young patients (< 70 years), and 46 cases (13.37%) were elderly patients (≥ 70 years). There were no significant difference in gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, Body Mass Index (BMI), number of cancer nodules, tumor diameter, differentiation degree and TNM stage between the young and elderly groups (P > 0.05). However, history of hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis were more common in young patients than elderly (P=0.017, P༝0.000). The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that elderly patients (higher than 70 years), TNM I-II stage and no history of hepatitis B had longer DFS. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, TNM stage, History of hepatitis B were the independent factors for DFS.Conclusions Our findings suggested that age, TNM stage, history of hepatitis B were independent factors for predicting DFS of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Patients older than 70 years had a better prognosis than young patients. Patients with early TNM stage and no history of hepatitis B had longer DFS.
GIS based Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping by Weighted Overlay Method on the Road Corridor of North Sikkim Himalayas, India
Authors: Koley Bappaditya , Nath Anindita , Bhattacharya Srabanti , Saraswati Subhajit , Ray Bidhan Chandra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Landslide Hazards Zonation Mapping is a major tool for the geographer, geologist, ground engineer, and land-use planner for landslide prevention strategies. The main outcome of the present study is to prepare a Landslide Hazards Zonation Map of the region along the North Sikkim Road Corridor in Sikkim Himalayas, an area highly vulnerable to the landslides. The initial step of this study is involved preparation of input raster layers of the landslide controlling factors. Seven controlling factors are selected for this purpose. These controlling factor-like slope, aspect, lithology, faults, river alignment, road network, and land-use are through Geographic Information System software using multi-criteria analysis. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to determine the weightage of the various causative factors. Weighted Overlay Method is used for the assignment of ranks and weights to each factor. The Landslide Hazard Zonation Index is then estimated with the help of a multi-criteria analysis based on assigned rank and weight given by the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Finally, Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping is done along the study area road corridor. Based on Hazards Index, the study area is classified into four hazard zones and classified as Very High (12.12%), High (40%), Moderate (37.20%), and Low Hazard Zones (10.68%). This zonation map is helpful for landslide hazard prevention, mitigation, proper planning of tourism and land-use management, and social development along the North Sikkim Road Corridor.
Determinant Factors of Farmer’s Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Land Management Practices Evidence with Homosha Benishangul Gumuz Region: Application with Multinomial Logit Model, Mixed Logit Model, and Conditional Logit Model
Authors: Takele Melaku Tarekegn , Umer Mehammed Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study examines factors affecting farmer’s willingness to pay for sustainable land management practices in Ethiopia, The study uses primary data collected from 200 households randomly selected from four kebeles of districts in Ethiopia’s Benishangul-Gumuz regional state with 4,800 observations (eight choices for each household). The choice experiment design was done using the R software to efficiently generate an attribute and level combination using fractional factorial design. Data were analyzed using discrete choice models including multinomial logit model, mixed logit model, and conditional logit model using STAT-14. The findings showed that households were aware of the effects of using SLM and benefits of using a bundle of SLM. However, they were challenged by the costs of implementing a bundle of SLM and technologies related to it. Moreover, mean willingness to pay estimates is about 844 to 2540 birr and in case of total willingness to pay households is not less than 66% for a bundle of SLM. Crop-rotation attributes levels are negatively and significantly affect decision for SLM, while conserve-agriculture positively and significantly affects households' decision to adopt a bundle of SLM. Socio-economic (the type of crop, land size, land form, livestock, awareness about SLM and technologies) variables are found to be factors that determine decision to adopt SLM.
Association Between Antecedent Statin Use and Decreased Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Madhavan Mahesh V. , Poterucha Timothy J. , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Hennessey Jessica A. , Redfors Bjorn , Eckhardt Christina , Bikdeli Behnood , Platt Jonathan , Nalbandian Ani , Elias Pierre , Cummings Matthew J. , Nouri Shayan N. , Lawlor Matthew , Ranard Lauren S. , Li Jianhua , Boyle Claudia , Givens Raymond , Brodie Daniel , Krumholz Harlan M. , Stone Gregg W. , Sethi Sanjum S. , Burkhoff Daniel , Uriel Nir , Schwartz Allan , Leon Martin B. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Wan Elaine Y. , Parikh Sahil A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can result in a hyperinflammatory state, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocardial injury, and thrombotic complications, among other sequelae. Statins, which are known to have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties, have been studied in the setting of other viral infections and ARDS, but their benefit has not been assessed in COVID-19. Thus, we sought to determine whether antecedent statin use is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with COVID-19 from February 1st through May 12th, 2020 with study period ending on June 11th, 2020. Antecedent statin use was assessed using medication information available in the electronic medical record. We constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to predict the propensity of receiving statins, adjusting for baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and outpatient medications. The primary endpoint included in-hospital mortality within 30 days. A total of 2626 patients were admitted during the study period, of whom 951 (36.2%) were antecedent statin users. Among 1296 patients (648 statin users, 648 non-statin users) identified with 1:1 propensity-score matching, demographic, baseline, and outpatient medication information were well balanced. Statin use was significantly associated with lower odds of the primary endpoint in the propensity-matched cohort (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.36 – 0.64, p<0.001). We conclude that antecedent statin use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was associated with lower inpatient mortality. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the utility of statin therapy in patients with COVID-19 are needed.
Self-blame regret, fear of COVID-19 and mental health during post-peak pandemic
Authors: Belen Hacer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The novel Coronavirus pandemic caused strong negative emotions including fear, and stress and impacted in mental health of individuals worldwide. One of the emotions linked with mental health and infectious disease is self-blame regret. Thus, current study investigated the role of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. A community sample of 352 individuals in Turkey (71 % female and 29 % males), ranged between in age18 and 63 (M= 28.90±8.90), completed fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), perceived stress (PSS-10), DASS-21 scales and responded to one item concerning the self-blame regret. Results demonstrated that self-blame regret is positively correlated with fear of COVID-19, perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, serial multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that both fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress mediated in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. Findings and implications are discussed.
Prediction of triptolide targets in colorectal cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Song Xinqiang , Zhang Yu , Dai Erqin , Zhang Qiyue , Zheng Nongyi , Wang Lei , Du Hongtao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Network pharmacology is an approach that uses bioinformatics to predict and identify multiple drug targets and interactions in disease. Here, we applied network pharmacology to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of triptolide, an active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, in colorectal cancer (CRC). We first searched public databases for genes and proteins known to be associated with CRC, as well as those predicted to be targets of triptolide, and then used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify enriched gene pathways and networks. Networks and pathways that overlapped between CRC-associated proteins and triptolide target proteins were then used to predict candidate protein targets of triptolide in CRC. The following proteins were found to be expressed in both CRC-associated networks and triptolide target networks: JUN, FOS, CASP3, BCL2, IFNG, and VEGFA. Docking studies suggested that triptolide can fit in the binding pocket of the four top candidate triptolide target proteins (CASP3, BCL2, VEGFA and IFNG). The overlapping pathways were activation of neuroinflammation signaling, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, T helper (Th) cell differentiation, Th1/Th2 activation, and colorectal cancer metastasis signaling. These results show that network pharmacology can be used to generate hypotheses about how triptolide exerts therapeutic effects in CRC. Network pharmacology may be a useful method for characterizing multi-target drugs in complex diseases.
Immiscible-melt inclusions in corundum megacrysts: Microanalyses and geological implications
Authors: Xu Xi-Sheng , Chen Xiao-Ming , Griffin William L. , O'Reilly Suzanne Y. , Zhang Xi-Song , Chen Li-Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Controversies on the origin of zircon, corundum, titanomagnetite, and quartz megacrysts in alkali basalts mostly reflect the lack of direct evidence of a “melt reservoir” required for their formation. Various mineral megacrysts are carried up by Cenozoic (mostly younger than 25 Ma) alkali basalts that extend more than 4000 km along eastern China. Here we report unusual inclusions in corundum megacrysts from Changle, and we attribute their origin to the existence of a FeO*-SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2-rich melt. The inclusions, analyzed using electron microprobe and Raman microscopy, may be divided into two types. Type I inclusions are dominated by glassy materials, may exhibit a dark part in backscattered eletron (BSE) images composed of quartz, corundum, and an amorphous substance (AS-1), and a bright part in BSE images composed of baddeleyite and a second distinct amorphous substance (AS-2). Compared with AS-1, AS-2 has higher concentrations of ZrO2 and FeO* but lower concentrations of Al2O3 and SiO2. We argue that the formation temperature of Type I inclusions is ~1200 °C, and the generation of their bright and dark parts in BSE images may be attributed to the coexistence of immiscible melts. Type II inclusions are composed of zircon, quartz, and an amorphous substance (AS-3). Both types of inclusions might be derived from a similar parent melt, which is FeO*-SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2-rich. New secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) in situ U-Pb ages of 18 Ma and 13–14 Ma for zircon inclusions suggest that the corundum megacrysts, occurring in basaltic host rocks distributed along the middle segment of the north and south-trending Tanlu fault zone, formed from precursor residual magmas related to underplating basalts stalled at the crust-mantle boundary, and were brought to the surface by entrainment in later basalts. This study provides new insights into the genesis of the corundum-related megacryst suite.