bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No-Show Rates and Associated Patient Factors in an Ophthalmology Resident Practice
Authors: Nanda Tavish , Wang Aijin , Ducasse Luis M. , Chen Royce W.S. , Horowitz Jason 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background In resident family medicine practices, a >20% no-show rate is common, often resulting in suboptimal care. Few studies have evaluated resident ophthalmology practices in a similar fashion. The objective of this study was to determine no-show rates and factors related to missed appointments in a resident-based ophthalmology clinic.
Methods We reviewed 19,237 de-identified appointments over one academic year. Appointments were divided into general clinic visits and subspecialty visits (these two clinics function separately at our institution). The number of days between an appointment being made for a patient and the scheduled visit was defined as “lead time.” Each appointment was labeled “show” or “no-show.” Pertinent factors available in the analysis included lead time to appointment, patients age, month, time of day, practitioner training level (postgraduate years 2 to 4, fellow), and proximity to holiday. Subspecialty clinics included oculoplastics clinic, strabismus clinic, neuro-ophthalmology clinic, uveitis clinic, cornea clinic, glaucoma clinic, and retina clinic. Generalized linear mixed effects models were fit on the no-show status with these factors.
Results The overall no-show rate for general clinic was 31.4%. Longer lead time to appointment, younger age, afternoon appointments, new patients, December appointments, and lower residency level were associated with higher odds of no-show (p ≤ 0.05). The overall no-show rate for subspecialty clinic was 21.8%. Longer lead time to appointment, younger age, and lower residency level were associated with higher odds of no-show (p ≤ 0.05). Patients were significantly less likely to show up for retina clinic, oculoplastics clinic, and glaucoma clinic.
Conclusion The overall no-show rate in our clinic was on the higher end of reported no-show values from other specialties. Patient status and the lead time to appointment play a significant role in patient compliance. The significance of other factors (patient age, subspecialty, time of day, appointment month, and resident level) have been found in previous studies but are not consistent factors across all clinical environments.
Comparative Analysis of a French Prospective Series of 144 Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (FRIGTIH) and the Literature
Authors: Gruel Yves , Vayne Caroline , Rollin Jérôme , Weber Pierre , Faille Dorothée , Bauters Anne , Macchi Laurent , Alhenc-Gelas Martine , Lebreton Aurélien , De Maistre Emmanuel , Voisin Sophie , Gouilleux-Gruart Valérie , Perrin Julien , Tardy-Poncet Brigitte , Elalamy Ismail , Lavenu-Bombled Cécile , Mouton Christine , Biron Christine , Ternisien Catherine , Nedelec-Gac Fabienne , Duchemin Jérôme , De Raucourt Emmanuelle , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Rugeri Lucia , Tardy Bernard , Giraudeau Bruno , Bejan-Angoulvant Théodora , Pouplard Claire 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin treatments, and only a few large patient cohorts have been reported. In this study, biological and clinical data from 144 French patients with HIT were analyzed in comparison with the literature.
Methods The diagnosis of HIT was confirmed in all patients by an immunoassay combined with serotonin release assay. In the literature, only cohorts of at least 20 HIT patients published from 1992 were selected for a comparative analysis.
Results Two-thirds of patients were hospitalized in surgery and most were treated with unfractionated heparin (83.2% vs. 16.8% with low molecular weight heparin only). Thrombotic events in 54 patients (39.7%) were mainly venous (41/54). However, arterial thrombosis was more frequent after cardiac surgery (13.2% vs. 2.4% in other surgeries, p = 0.042) with a shorter recovery time (median = 3 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). The mortality rate was lower in our series than in the 22 selected published studies (median = 6.3% vs. 15.9%). Three genetic polymorphisms were also studied and homozygous subjects FcγRIIA RR were more frequent in patients with thrombosis (37.8 vs. 18.2% in those without thrombosis, p = 0.03).
Conclusion This study shows that the mortality rate due to HIT has recently decreased in France, possibly due to earlier diagnosis and improved medical care. It also confirms the strong association between polymorphism FcγRIIA H131R and thrombosis in HIT.
Women's Obstetric History and Midtrimester Cervical Length Measurements by 2D/3D and Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Marinelli Juliana Valente Codato , Filho Antonio Gomes de Amorim , de Barros Monica Fairbanks , Rodrigues Agatha Sacramento , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Carvalho Mario Henrique Burlacchini de 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the obstetric history and both two- and tri-dimensional ultrasound parameters according to different cervical lengths.
Methods The present cross-sectional study analyzed 248 midtrimester pregnant women according to cervical length and compared the data with the obstetric history and 2D/3D ultrasound parameters. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to cervical length: The Short Cervix group for cervical lengths ≥ 15 mm and < 25 mm (n = 68), the Very Short Cervix group for cervical lengths < 15 mm (n = 18) and the Control group, composed of 162 pregnant women with uterine cervical lengths ≥ 25 mm.
Results When analyzing the obstetric history of only non-nulliparous patients, a significant association between the presence of a short cervix in the current pregnancy and at least one previous preterm birth was reported (p = 0.021). Cervical length and volume were positively correlated (Pearson coefficient = 0.587, p < 0.0001). The flow index (FI) parameter of cervical vascularization was significantly different between the Control and Very Short Cervix groups. However, after linear regression, in the presence of volume information, we found no association between the groups and FI. Uterine artery Doppler was also not related to cervical shortening.
Conclusion The present study showed a significant association between the presence of a short cervix in the current pregnancy and at least one previous preterm birth. None of the vascularization indexes correlate with cervical length as an independent parameter. Uterine artery Doppler findings do not correlate with cervical length.
ITI Treatment is not First-Choice Treatment in Children with Hemophilia A and Low-Responding Inhibitors: Evidence from a PedNet Study
Authors: van den Berg H. Marijke , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Königs Christoph , D'Oiron Roseline , Platokouki Helen , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Motwani Jayashree , Nolan Beatrice , Santagostino Elena ,   on behalf of the European Pediatric Network for Haemophilia Management (PedNet)
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Limited data exist on the clinical impact of low-responding inhibitors and the requirement for immune tolerance induction (ITI) treatment to establish tolerance, reduce bleeding, and improve outcome. The aim of this article is to describe the therapeutic management of children with severe hemophilia A and low-responding inhibitors and its effect on bleeding phenotype.
Methods The REMAIN (Real-life Management of Inhibitors) study is a satellite study of the PedNet registry. It included unselected children with severe hemophilia A (factor VIII [FVIII] < 0.01 IU/mL) born between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2009 who developed clinically relevant inhibitors and were followed-up for at least 3 years after the first positive inhibitor test.
Results A total of 260 patients with inhibitors were identified and 68 of them (26%) had low-responding inhibitors (peak < 5 BU/mL). Five patients were lost to follow-up and 63 were included in this study. The median follow-up was 3.7 years (interquartile range: 3.0–7.5). ITI was started in 51/63 (81%) patients. The median time from ITI start to first negative inhibitor titer was similar with low-dose and high-dose ITI regimens (2.5 and 3.1 months, respectively). Ten of the 12 patients who did not receive ITI were treated with regular prophylaxis and reached a negative titer after a median of 6.5 months. Bleeding rate was low in all patients with no difference between treatment regimens.
Conclusion In children with low-responding inhibitors negative titers were reached with regular FVIII treatment irrespective of the regimen (i.e., prophylaxis or ITI).
Predicting mortality from 57 economic, behavioral, social, and psychological factors
Authors: Puterman Eli , Weiss Jordan , Hives Benjamin A. , Gemmill Alison , Karasek Deborah , Mendes Wendy Berry , Rehkopf David H. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceIn our prospective study using nationally representative data from 13,611 adults in the US Health and Retirement Study, we used traditional and machine-learning statistical approaches to reveal the most important factors across the behavioral and social sciences that predict mortality in older adults. In the study, we found that top predictors of mortality spanned all investigated domains, opening up opportunities for future hypothesis generation in observational and clinical studies and the identification of potential new targets for screening and policy.
Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Leedale Amy E. , Simeoni Michelle , Sharp Stuart P. , Green Jonathan P. , Slate Jon , Lachlan Robert F. , Robinson Elva J. H. , Hatchwell Ben J. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Inbreeding reduces fitness leading to selection for incest avoidance in many organisms. Passive processes, such as sex-biased dispersal, may reduce inbreeding risk, but when dispersal is limited, inbreeding may still be minimized by animals actively recognizing and discriminating kin from nonkin when choosing mates. We investigated inbreeding costs, risk, and avoidance in a cooperative bird species in which opposite-sex adults disperse locally to breed and frequently associate. We identified a reduction in fitness in inbred individuals and have shown that despite a substantial inbreeding risk, breeders alleviate this by discriminating against close kin as partners. We show that the increased vocal similarity among relatives offers a probable recognition mechanism for this observed level of kin discrimination during mate choice.
Closing and opening of the RNA polymerase trigger loop
Authors: Mazumder Abhishek , Lin Miaoxin , Kapanidis Achillefs N. , Ebright Richard H. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
During transcription elongation at saturating nucleotide concentrations, RNA polymerase (RNAP) performs ∼50 nucleotide-addition cycles every second. The RNAP active center contains a structural element, termed the trigger loop (TL), that has been suggested, but not previously shown, to open to allow a nucleotide to enter and then to close to hold the nucleotide in each nucleotide-addition cycle. Here, using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor distances between a probe incorporated into the TL and a probe incorporated elsewhere in the transcription elongation complex, we show that TL closing and opening occur in solution, define time scales and functional roles of TL closing and opening, and, most crucially, demonstrate that one cycle of TL closing and opening occurs in each nucleotide-addition cycle.
Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives
Authors: Zou Ling , Spanogiannopoulos Peter , Pieper Lindsey M. , Chien Huan-Chieh , Cai Wenlong , Khuri Natalia , Pottel Joshua , Vora Bianca , Ni Zhanglin , Tsakalozou Eleftheria , Zhang Wenjun , Shoichet Brian K. , Giacomini Kathleen M. , Turnbaugh Peter J. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Food and drug products are supplemented with small molecules called excipients that are assumed to be inert. In this study, we screened a collection of common oral excipients and identified 24 that inhibit intestinal drug transport, including the common excipient FD&C Red No. 40, which decreased drug absorption in mice. Excipient inhibitors were enriched for azo dyes, which human gut bacteria could metabolize, producing metabolites that no longer inhibit intestinal drug transporter activity. This work demonstrates the unintended consequences of oral excipients and a beneficial role for the gut microbiome in limiting these unfavorable effects.
DNA-induced 2′3′-cGAMP enhances haplotype-specific human STING cleavage by dengue protease
Authors: Su Chan-I , Kao Yu-Ting , Chang Chao-Chen , Chang Yao , Ho Tzong-Shiann , Sun H. Sunny , Lin Yi-Ling , Lai Michael M. C. , Liu Yu-Huei , Yu Chia-Yi 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Dengue virus (DENV) antagonizes the DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway to subvert innate immunity, but how DENV protease-mediated human STING cleavage contributes to DENV pathogenesis remains obscure. Here, we found that STING haplotype frequency varies among different subhuman populations, and different haplotypes respond differently to DENV protease. The cleavage of a DENV protease-sensitive STING can be further enhanced by coculture with neighboring cells producing 2′3′-cGAMP, either by DNA transfection of cGAS or by reactivating Epstein–Barr virus from latent infection. Thus, DENV infection trims down human STING-mediated innate immunity in a haplotype-specific manner. The genetic background of host STING and bystander coinfection of pathogens triggering 2′3′-cGAMP production may be the missing link between STING cleavage and DENV pathogenesis.
Subunit composition of the mammalian serine-palmitoyltransferase defines the spectrum of straight and methyl-branched long-chain bases
Authors: Lone Museer A. , Hülsmeier Andreas J. , Saied Essa M. , Karsai Gergely , Arenz Christoph , von Eckardstein Arnold , Hornemann Thorsten 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Sphingolipids (SLs) are complex lipids that constitute hundreds of subspecies. All SLs share a long-chain base (LCB) as a defining structural component. LCBs are formed by serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the first and rate-limiting step of SL de novo synthesis. SPT consists of three subunits that show tissue-specific expression. In presence of the SPTLC3 subunit, the enzyme forms a spectrum of straight and branched LCBs with distinct biochemical and biophysical properties. This alters the composition of cellular membranes and might influence the dynamics of membrane-related transport and signaling events. SPTLC3 is particularly abundant in skin, and changes in SPT activity are related to dermal pathologies. Genetic variants of SPTLC3 are associated with metabolic conditions such as dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Plasmon-enabled degradation of organic micropollutants in water by visible-light illumination of Janus gold nanorods
Authors: Wei Haoran , Loeb Stephanie K. , Halas Naomi J. , Kim Jae-Hong 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The presence of organic micropollutants, resulting from pesticide, solvent, detergent, or pharmaceutical use, in drinking water sources poses a significant threat to human health. Degrading these dangerous pollutants using advanced oxidation processes is a desirable but highly energy-intensive treatment option. Here, we report the solar oxidation of organic micropollutants, facilitated by nanorod particles specially designed both for photocatalytic reactivity and for stability under actively transforming water conditions induced by the photocatalytic process itself. Gold Janus nanorods, designed to harvest visible and near-infrared light, are demonstrated to cooperatively activate persulfate ions to generate free radicals for the oxidative decomposition of recalcitrant pollutants. This material platform presents an alternative approach to utilize sunlight for low-cost water purification.
Photo–cross-linkable, insulating silk fibroin for bioelectronics with enhanced cell affinity
Authors: Ju Jie , Hu Ning , Cairns Dana M. , Liu Haitao , Timko Brian P. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceRecent advances in bioelectronics have opened avenues toward hybrid engineered tissues with embedded devices that could monitor, modulate, or otherwise augment cellular function. In order to achieve these “cyborgs,” however, both devices and electronic interconnects must stably integrate with the surrounding tissue. We investigated a photo–cross-linkable silk fibroin (PSF) derivative that could be selectively cross-linked using conventional photolithography. We found that PSF was an ideal candidate for bioelectronic scaffolds: it was electrically insulating and so could passivate electronic interconnects, presented amenable surface chemistry to promote cellular adhesion, and could be realized as freestanding, three-dimensional constructs. PSF-based scaffolds are compatible with a wide variety of devices and tissues, and so could enable new classes of hybrid systems.
A basal ganglia-like cortical–amygdalar–hypothalamic network mediates feeding behavior
Authors: Barbier Marie , Chometton Sandrine , Pautrat Arnaud , Miguet-Alfonsi Carole , Datiche Frédérique , Gascuel Jean , Fellmann Dominique , Peterschmitt Yvan , Coizet Véronique , Risold Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The network connecting the insular cortex, the central nucleus of the amygdala, and a caudal hypothalamic nuclear complex including the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) is of interest due to its role in controlling feeding behavior. Here, we show that the organization of this network is similar to that of the basal ganglia network, implying that both fit within a simplified structural plan of the forebrain. Then, we demonstrate that the PSTN complex modulates behavior in response to hedonic factors normally inducing a “reward effect.” The PSTN complex is involved in a “non-feed” response equivalent of a “non-reward” evaluation: “I don’t want to consume this food, recognized as good, because I am not in a conducive emotional or physiological state.”
Cell profiling of mouse acute kidney injury reveals conserved cellular responses to injury
Authors: Kirita Yuhei , Wu Haojia , Uchimura Kohei , Wilson Parker C. , Humphreys Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Single nucleus RNA sequencing revealed gene expression changes during repair after acute kidney injury. We describe a small population of proximal tubule cells that fail to repair (FR-PTCs). Since this subpopulation expresses abundant proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, it may represent a new therapeutic target to improve repair and reduce fibrosis after AKI.
Instant tough bioadhesive with triggerable benign detachment
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Yuk Hyunwoo , Wu Jingjing , Nabzdyk Christoph S. , Zhao Xuanhe 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Owing to potential advantages including ease of use, airtight or watertight sealing, and minimal tissue damage, bioadhesives have been intensively studied and developed as an alternative to sutures and staples to close wounds, achieve hemostasis, and attach and immobilize implantable devices. However, existing bioadhesives have limitations including slow adhesion formation, weak bonding, low biocompatibility, poor mechanical match with tissues, and/or lack of triggerable benign detachment. In this work, we report a bioadhesive capable of instant tough adhesion and triggerable benign detachment that can potentially address all the above-mentioned limitations. The current work not only develops a bioadhesive with superior performances but also advances the understanding of wet adhesion.
Magnetic and dynamic mechanical properties of a highly coercive MRE based on NdFeB particles and a stiff matrix
Authors: Hermann S , Butaud P , Chevallier G , Manceau J-F , Espanet C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study concerns a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) consisting of a magnetically hard powder and a stiff polymer matrix, so called STH–MRE. This material exhibits some strong constitutive differences with the behavior of MRE based on soft polymer matrix and magnetically hard powder (SOH–MRE). This paper presents a manufacturing process for such a STH–MRE, describes testing procedures to get the magnetic properties, the viscoelastic behavior and the magneto-mechanical coupling generated by the remanent magnetization, and shares the STH–MRE properties with the scientific community. Firstly, the manufacturing process is detailed. Then, the homogenized magnetic properties and their dependence on the volume fraction and the temperature are discussed. Thereafter, dynamic mechanical analysis is explained and the viscoelastic properties are discussed considering the polymer matrix properties, the volume fraction and the temperature. Magneto-mechanical couplings are investigated in absence of an external magnetic field. The coercive field strength of composite material and powder are almost equal while the remanent flux density depends on volume fraction. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties is given as well as homogenization rules. The viscoelastic data of the STH–MRE are provided in a large temperature range and in the mechanical vibration frequency range. The magneto-mechanical coupling due to the remanent magnetization is shown to be negligible.
Large enhancement of the in-field critical current density of YBCO coated conductors due to composite pinning landscape
Authors: Kihlstrom K J , Civale L , Eley S , Miller D J , Welp U , Kwok W K , Niraula P , Kayani A , Ghigo G , Laviano F , Fleshler S , Rupich M , Leroux M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
YBa2Cu3O7-based coated conductors (CCs) achieve the highest critical current densities (J
c) of any known superconductor and are a key technology for applications such as rotatory machines, high-field magnets and power transmission. Incorporation of nano-sized non-superconducting second phases as additional vortex pinning centers has been considered the most amenable route to further enhance J
c at an industrial scale, and has been successfully used in commercial CCs. The resulting pinning landscape is quite complex, with both synergistic and competing interactions among the various types of defects. Particle irradiation, on the other hand, allows for a controlled post-processing incorporation of a well-defined defect morphology. We have previously shown that irradiation with protons and other light ions can further enhance the in-field J
c in commercial state-of-the-art CCs. Here we develop a combined irradiation process that increases J
c above values previously achieved by irradiating with only one species. Our new approach involves sequentially irradiating with 250 MeV Au ions and 4 MeV protons. For example, at T∼ 27 K (liquid neon) and µ
0
H∼ 4 T, a region of interest for rotatory machines applications, we obtain J
c ∼ 5 MA cm−2, which is about 40% higher than the values produced by the individual irradiations. Finally, we conclude that this is due to the synergistic pinning effects of the introduced splayed, non-uniform columnar defects and small clusters.