bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Depressive Symptoms in Substance Use Among African American Boys Exposed to Community Violence
Authors: Tache Rachel M. , Lambert Sharon F. , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdolescents exposed to community violence (CV) are at increased risk for alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use. The disproportionate exposure to CV among African American boys heightens their susceptibility to substance use and related problems. Depressive symptoms are linked to both CV exposure and adolescent substance use; however, their role in the link between CV exposure and substance use in African American male adolescents has received little attention. The current study examined whether depressive symptoms mediate or moderate the associations between CV exposure and substance use among African American male adolescents. Participants were 225 African American adolescent boys in Baltimore, Maryland who completed measures of CV exposure and depressive symptoms in 10th grade and measures of substance use in 10th and 11th grades. Hierarchal linear regression analyses indicated that depressive symptoms moderated associations between violent victimization and alcohol and tobacco use, R2 = .21–.30, ps < .001. There was a positive association between CV victimization and alcohol and tobacco use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms but not low levels. Depressive symptoms also moderated the link between witnessing CV and alcohol use such that witnessing CV was negatively related to alcohol use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms only. The findings suggest that depressive symptoms may play an important role in differentiating alcohol and tobacco use outcomes in CV‐exposed African American boys. Prevention efforts should assess for depressive symptoms to identify adolescent boys with the highest risk of substance use.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Irradiated Ears of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Huang Yan , Wang Xiaoqian , Huang Hongming , Ge Runmei , Liu Xiaohong , Huang Donghua , Huang Yunye , Mo Yefei , Lin Xiaode , Liu Tao , Wu Peina 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of cochlear implantation (CI) in irradiated ears of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Study DesignA retrospective study.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2017, 10 adults with binaural severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss subsequent to radiotherapy for NPC underwent CI in our center. The mean follow‐up was 63.2 months. Hearing and speech performance were evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively with audiometric and speech discrimination testing, Category of Auditory Performance, Speech Intelligibility Rating, and Chinese version of Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire.ResultsAccording to the severity of radioactive osteomyelitis of temporal bone, patients were classified into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. Patients in mild category underwent routine CI. Patients in moderate category underwent extended radical mastoidectomy and CI simultaneously. Patients in severe category underwent subtotal temporal bone resection, external auditory canal elimination, and CI simultaneously or by stage. There was no massive hemorrhage, facial paralysis, or nonunion of incision after operation. One suffered from radiation encephalopathy 13 months postoperatively; since then, the cochlear implant has been idle. The other nine patients demonstrated encouraging results of hearing and speech performance.ConclusionCI for postirradiated ears of NPC is safe and feasible. Strict control of operative indications and extra care during surgery are required. Individual surgical plan should be made according to the severity of radioactive osteomyelitis. Choose one‐stage surgery as much as possible in severe cases to avoid the risk of difficulty in locating round window in second‐stage surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:649–655, 2021
Meningiomas of the Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: Sykopetrites Vittoria , Piras Gianluca , Taibah Abdelkader , Sanna Mario 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveIdentify and define specific preoperative and postoperative characteristics of intracanalicular meningiomas (ICMs) in order to improve their diagnosis and management, and to differentiate them from intrameatal vestibular schwannomas (IMVSs).MethodsPreoperative symptomatology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postoperative outcomes of 28 ICMs were analyzed. The results were compared to the literature and IMVSs treated by our group.ResultsAnacusis and progressive hearing loss were more frequent in the present population than the cases reviewed (P = .0064 and P = .0001, respectively). Hearing loss affected more than 90% of the patients, with anacusis in 32.1% of the cases. Facial palsy affected 17.9% of the patients. In comparison to IMVSs, preoperative anacusis was more associated to meningiomas (P = .0037), and the facial nerve was more compromised in ICMs than IMVSs, both preoperatively (P = .0011) and at follow‐up (P < .0001).According to a re‐evaluation of preoperative MRIs and comparison with IMVSs, linear tumor borders, and linear morphology along the internal auditory canal wall, but not the presence of a dural tail, were significantly more present in ICMs (P = .0035, P = .0004, P = .1963, respectively). These characteristics could have led to a correct preoperative diagnosis in 61% of our cases.ConclusionContrariwise to IMVSs, the frequent preoperative anacusis and facial palsy demonstrate the more aggressive nature of ICMs, which also carry a higher risk of postoperative facial palsy and difficulty to preserve hearing. An attentive evaluation of imaging should ease diagnosis, and asymptomatic or stable ICMs should be enrolled in a wait‐and‐scan protocol.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E413–E419, 2021
Imaging Analysis for Cholesteatoma Extension to the Perilymphatic Space in Labyrinth Fistulae
Authors: Motegi Masaomi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Akutsu Taisuke , Yamauchi Hideomi , Kurihara Sho , Takahashi Masahiro , Morino Tsunetaro , Komori Manabu , Yamamoto Kazuhisa , Sakurai Yuika , Ojiri Hiroya , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisDisturbed perilymph behind a labyrinth fistula can lead to hearing deterioration; thus, delicate manipulation is required during surgery for cholesteatomatous fistulae with matrix extension to the perilymphatic space (EPS). However, it remains challenging to identify the EPS preoperatively. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) for preoperative prediction of the EPS of cholesteatomatous fistulae.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe included serial high‐resolution CT images showing a cholesteatomatous bone defect in the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) requiring mastoidectomy. CT and intraoperative findings were analyzed retrospectively. Using axial CT planes, we evaluated the length and angle between the margins of bone defects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the cutoff points.ResultsWe extracted data from 30 bone defects, of which six (20.0%) showed EPS intraoperatively. Bone defects with EPS (n = 6) had significantly greater length and angle values than those without EPS (n = 24) (P < .001 for both, Wilcoxon rank sum test). For length and angle, the area under the curve was 0.944 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.858‐1.000) and 0.951 (95% CI: 0.875‐1.000), respectively, according to the ROC analysis, and the optimal cutoff values were 3.65 mm and 71.6°, respectively, with 100% sensitivity and 91.67% specificity for both.ConclusionsResults demonstrated that a length >3.65 mm and an angle >71.6° for LSC bone defects on axial CT images are reliable diagnostic markers of EPS. Preoperative high‐resolution CT analysis can provide surgeons with a more conscientious preparation for handling deeper labyrinth fistulae.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1301–E1307, 2021
Yellow pea flour and protein isolate as sources of antioxidant peptides after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Cipollone María A. , Tironi Valeria A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough peas are widely consumed legumes throughout the world, the bioactivity of the peptides released by the gastrointestinal digestion has not been sufficiently studied so far. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of flours and protein isolates obtained from two varieties of yellow peas as sources of antioxidant peptides. Flours and protein isolates were prepared and submitted to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Protein hydrolysis degree (TNBS method) and protein solubility (in phosphate buffer saline, pH = 7.4) values were independent on the starting material. Antioxidant activity measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) showed no differences between varieties. A lower activity was registered for protein isolates with respect to flours in the case of HORAC, which could be associated with a loss of molecules with molecular masses lower than 43 kDa in the protein isolates. A significant increase in activities was evidenced by both methods after gastrointestinal digestion, except in the case of HORAC activity of flours. Digested from protein isolates presented a greater ratio of molecules smaller than 1.4 kDa and a lower ratio of those larger than 6.5 kDa with respect to digested flours, according to electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography studies. Results suggested that the presence of other components or/and the initial state of proteins would affect proteolytic attack of digestive enzymes. Both, pea flours and protein isolates, present interesting potential as antioxidants food ingredients.
Using a space‐for‐time substitution approach to predict the effects of climate change on nutrient cycling in tropical island stream ecosystems
Authors: Frauendorf Therese C. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Tingley Ralph W. , Infante Dana M. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which can have direct effects on streamflow dynamics. In many tropical regions, climate‐driven changes in rainfall are predicted to decrease streamflow and increase flash flooding, but the implications of these changes for stream ecosystem function are poorly understood. We used a rainfall gradient on Hawaii Island that mimics projected changes in rainfall and streamflow in order to estimate how climate change affects nutrient recycling. We measured per‐capita excretion (nitrogen, phosphorus) and egestion rates of three dominant taxa (shrimp, caddisfly, midge) in eight streams along the gradient for 3 years. We scaled these rates to the population and community levels and measured nitrogen and phosphorus demand of the ecosystem to estimate if the relative contribution of nutrients supplied by invertebrates changes along the gradient. Across all three taxa, population egestion and excretion rates declined by 10‐fold in drier streams. These declines were driven by lower population density, rather than differences in per‐capita rates. Under the current climate scenario, community excretion supplied up to 70% of the nitrogen demand, which was 10‐fold lower with projected changes in rainfall. Conversely, community excretion supplied up to 5% of the phosphorus demand, which did not vary across the rainfall gradient. This difference indicates that climate change may exacerbate nitrogen limitations in tropical island streams, and change the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics. Our study also demonstrates that space‐for‐time substitutions are a valuable tool to examine implications of climate change on ecosystem function in freshwater systems.
Transition Metal Complexes Incorporating with Unsymmetrical N2O2‐Donor Schiff Base Ligand: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Biological Aspects
Authors: Yaul Amit Ramdasji , Yaul Sarika Ramdasji , Makode Jagannath Tulshiram , Salunkhe Nilesh Govindrao , Ramteke Avinash Avdhutrao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComplexes of Ti(III), Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), VO(IV), MoO2(VI), WO2(VI), and UO2(VI) with 3‐(1‐(2‐(1‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino)‐cyclohexylimino)‐ethyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (H2L) are reported and have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like IR, UV–visible, 1H & 13C NMR, Mass, XRD, and ESR as well as elemental analyses, magnetic, and thermal measurements and also by the aid of molar conductivity measurements. It is found that the ligand behaves as a dianionic tetradentate coordinating to the metal ion with 1:1 metal to ligand stoichiometry. An octahedral geometry is proposed for all the complexes except Mn(III) and VO(IV) complexes, which possess square pyramidal geometry. The thermal studies show the type of water molecules involved in metal complexes as well as the thermal decomposition of the metal complexes. The compounds are subjected to antimicrobial activity screening and minimum inhibitory concentration is determined. Microbial assay of the above compounds against Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 424, and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 and fungal strains Candida albicans MTCC 227 and Aspergillus niger MTCC 282 shows that complexes exhibit higher activity than the ligand.
Electrospun Deposited Manganese Oxide Nanofibers Thin Film Electrode for Supercapacitor Application: Effect of Mn Concentration
Authors: Burute Vishranti , Teli Aviraj , Beknalkar Sonali , Rajmane Swapnali , Bhosale Aappasaheb , Patil Pramod 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe manganese oxide is one of the promising material substitutes to ideal RuO2 used for supercapacitor application. Electrospinning techinque is used to deposite 1D nanofiber‐like structure which provides high surface area and porosity. 1D structure gives easy pathway to electrons capable of storing the charges. Hence, the Mn2O3 nanofibers thin films deposited by electrospinning method are gaining huge attention for energy storage application.
Network of Interconnected Mesoporous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Ingole Rahul S. , Kadam Snehal L. , Rajmane Deepak S. , Kulakarni Shrinivas B. , Lokhande Balakrishna J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrochemically synthesized iron oxide thin films are deposited on stainless steel (1.5 × 5 cm) by using 0.1 M aqueous ferric chloride as a precursor solution. X‐ray diffraction spectra of the prepared samples show orthorhombic crystal structure with polycrystalline in nature of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs show compact granular and mesoporous surface morphology. Prepared electrodes show mixed capacitive behavior, the highest specific capacitance of Fe2O3 (annealed at 300 °C for 1 h) is 408.45 F g–1 at 2 mV s–1 scan rate in 1 M Na2SO4. Charge–discharge behavior exhibits specific energy 8.41 W h kg–1, specific power 7.465 kW kg–1 and columbic efficiency 91% of the Fe2O3 electrode. Impedance spectroscopy carried from 1 mHz to 1 MHz frequency range reveals the capacitive behavior of the electrode and gives internal resistance of 2.35 ohm.
Synthesis and Characterization of MnS Thin Film at Room Temperature for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Admuthe Aishwarya , Kumbhar Sambhaji S. , Chougule Susmita. K. , Padasare Ganesh N. , Tonape Mallikarjun M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractManganese sulfide (MnS) thin films are deposited by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method on stainless steel substrate. Manganese acetate and sodium sulfide are used as the source materials for the preparation of thin films. These films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) which shows that the prepared MnS films are polycrystalline in nature, having a crystallite size of 0.2647 nm. It is determined from the broadenings of corresponding XRD peaks by using Debye–Scherrer's formula. The wettability study of deposited MnS thin film is hydrophilic in nature. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy technique is used to determine the functional groups present in MnS material and its chemical composition. Bandgap of MnS thin films is measured using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy which shows a gap of 2.6 eV. The present work focuses on studying the supercapacitive properties of MnS material which is used as electrode material for supercapacitor. The highest specific capacitance (Cs) of MnS 632.91 Fg−1 is obtained for 100 mV S−1 scan rate by using galvanostatic charge discharge technique.
Mutational burden and potential oligogenic model of TBX6‐mediated genes in congenital scoliosis
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Sen , Zhang Yuanqiang , Wang Shengru , Shao Jiashen , Liu Bowen , Li Yaqi , Yan Zihui , Niu Yuchen , Li Xiaoxin , Wang Lianlei , Ye Yongyu , Weng Xisheng , Wu Zhihong ,   Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis and COmorbidities (DISCO) study, Zhang Jianguo , Wu Nan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital scoliosis (CS) is a spinal deformity due to vertebral malformations. Although insufficiency of TBX6 dosage contributes to a substantial proportion of CS, the molecular etiology for the majority of CS remains largely unknown. TBX6‐mediated genes involved in the process of somitogenesis represent promising candidates.MethodsIndividuals affected with CS and without a positive genetic finding were referred to this study. Proband‐only exome sequencing (ES) were performed on the recruited individuals, followed by analysis of TBX6‐mediated candidate genes, namely MEOX1, MEOX2, MESP2, MYOD1, MYF5, RIPPLY1, and RIPPLY2.ResultsA total of 584 patients with CS of unknown molecular etiology were recruited. After ES analysis, protein‐truncating variants in RIPPLY1 and MYF5 were identified from two individuals, respectively. In addition, we identified five deleterious missense variants (MYOD1, n = 4; RIPPLY2, n = 1) in TBX6‐mediated genes. We observed a significant mutational burden of MYOD1 in CS (p = 0.032) compared with the in‐house controls (n = 1854). Moreover, a potential oligogenic disease‐causing mode was proposed based on the observed mutational co‐existence of MYOD1/MEOX1 and MYOD1/RIPPLY1.ConclusionOur study characterized the mutational spectrum of TBX6‐mediated genes, prioritized core candidate genes/variants, and provided insight into a potential oligogenic disease‐causing mode in CS.
Standing waves for a class of fractional p‐Laplacian equations with a general critical nonlinearity
Authors: Lou Qing‐Jun , Mao An‐Min , You Jin 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we concern with the following fractional p‐Laplacian equation with critical Sobolev exponent

where ε > 0 is a small parameter, λ > 0, N is a positive integer, and N > ps with s ∈ (0, 1) fixed,
.Since the nonlinearity
does not satisfy the following Ambrosetti‐Rabinowitz condition:

with μ > p, it is difficult to obtain the boundedness of Palais‐Smale sequence, which is important to prove the existence of positive solutions. In order to overcome the above difficulty, we introduce a penalization method of fractional p‐Laplacian type.
Synthesis of ultra wideband tightly coupled array with RFSS by using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Rao K. Nishanth , Meshram Vaibhav , Suresh H. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn current scenario, the communication is essentially depends on the design consideration and working principle of an antenna. The design consideration antenna maybe a large size or small size, but it will develop in various ranges for more applications. In previous antenna’s having a problem on design considerations like frequency and materials. In this paper presents the particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimized technique with the FSS surface for UTC antennas. PSO method increases accuracy of the antenna parameters. With the help of these techniques, we maintained the Bandwidth and gain of the array antenna. Usage of these techniques achieved the radiation efficiency and improved of gain and Low profile with thickness. And hence it improves gain measurement, radiation efficiency, bandwidth ratio etc.
Miniaturized wideband quadrifilar helix antenna for satellite navigation application
Authors: Pu Yurong , Wang Haoyu , Zhao Yuchen , Yuan Yanning , Xi Xiaoli ,   IEEE Member
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a method for designing miniaturized and broadband quadrifilar helix antenna, which has better bandwidth than other smaller antennas and more compact than larger bandwidth antennas. The antennae in this design have same size with axial lengths of 24 mm and diameters of 18 mm. The antennae are miniaturized by folded arms and dielectric loading. In both cases, a short pin is added to adjust the impedance matching and broaden the bandwidth. Inside and outside diameters of the loading dielectric cylinder are the parameters used for controlling the center frequency, which can be shifted between 1.2 and 1.8 GHz. An antenna with a central frequency of 1.5 GHz was simulated and measured to verify the design. In addition, this design could provide bandwidth of 100 MHz for satellite navigation application. Two antennae, operating at 1.227 and 1.575 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth, are simulated. The 1.227 GHz antenna covers GPS L2, BEIDOU B2 and B3, GLONASS G2, and Galileo E5b bands. The 1.57 GHz antenna covers GPS L1, BEIDOU B1, B1C, B1I, and Galileo E1 bands.
Evaluation of Bimodal Polyethylene from Chromium Oxide/Metallocene Hybrid Catalysts for High Resistance Applications
Authors: Paredes Beatriz , Moreno Jovita , Carrero Alicia , van Grieken Rafael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn interesting alternative to the industrial two‐stage cascade process for the production of bimodal polyethylene, used for high resistance applications such as pressure pipes, has been developed. The key point is a binary catalytic system with chromium and metallocene sites incorporated together on AlSBA‐15 mesostructured material. This hybrid catalyst is able to produce bimodal polyethylene in a single reactor. In the present work, it is shown that, in the presence of hydrogen and comonomer (1‐butene or 1‐hexene) in the reaction medium, the obtained polyethylenes exhibit appropriate mechanical properties for pipes manufacture, such as resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) and slow crack growth (SCG), reaching standards for PE100 and even for PE100RC grades.
An electrodiagnostic grading system for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Zeidman Lawrence A. , Pandey Dilip K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionUlnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy. Our goal was to create and analyze a grading system for UNE electrodiagnostic severity.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed EMG reports with UNE. We then classified 112 limbs as having mild, moderate, or severe grade UNE based on electrodiagnostic findings. The association between presenting symptoms and signs, EMG findings, treatment type, and electrodiagnostic grade was statistically analyzed.ResultsSeventeen limbs (15.2%) had mild, 80 (71.4%) had moderate, and 15 (13.4%) had severe UNE. Symptoms (P = .016), exam findings (P < .001), and treatment type (P = .043) were significantly associated with electrodiagnostic grade.DiscussionOur UNE grading system was significantly related to symptoms, physical exam, and treatment selection and may be useful to measure electrodiagnostic severity.