bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in lobectomy/amygdalohippocampectomy over time and the impact of hospital surgical volume on hospitalization outcomes: A population‐based study
Authors: Kwon Churl‐Su , Blank Leah , Mu Lan , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite national guidelines supporting surgical referral in drug‐resistant epilepsy, it is hypothesized that surgery is underutilized. We investigated the volumes of lobectomy/amygdalohippocampectomy surgeries over time and examined differences in outcomes between (1) high‐volume (HV), middle‐volume (MV), and low‐volume (LV) hospitals and (2) Level 4 Centers versus non–Level 4 Centers.MethodsThe 2003‐2014 National Inpatient Sample (the largest all‐payer hospitalization database, representative of the US population) was utilized. Epilepsy was identified using a previously validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) case definition and surgeries using ICD‐9‐CM procedure codes. A hospital was considered a Level 4 Center if it performed intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Tumor surgeries were excluded. Linear regression was used to perform trend tests. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to summarize association of surgery with outcomes.ResultsA total of 4,487 lobectomy/amygdalohippocampectomy surgeries were performed in children and adults with epilepsy. Lobectomy/amygdalohippocampectomy surgeries significantly decreased over time (slope: −0.24, P < .001). This declining surgical trend was greater for all resective/disconnective surgery (slope: −0.45, P < .001), and greatest when compared to all types of epilepsy surgery, for example, resection/disconnection/radiosurgery/laser interstitial thermal therapy/vagus nerve stimulation/deep brain stimulation/responsive neurostimulation/intracranial EEG (slope: −0.95, P < .001). LV compared to HV hospitals had higher odds of transfer to other facilities (13.60% vs 4.24%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11‐6.82). LV hospitals had higher odds of surgical complications versus MV (12.69% vs 6.80%, OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.01‐5.09). HV hospitals incurred the least total charges. There were no differences in discharge status, adverse events, length of stay, or cost between Level 4 Centers versus non–Level 4 Centers.SignificanceLobectomies/amygdalohippocampectomies are decreasing over time, suggesting ongoing underutilization. LV centers are associated with greater complication and transfer rates. Future studies are required to understand the reason for worse outcomes in LV centers and to determine whether a minimum number of surgeries must be performed to meet necessary standards.
Using a biophysical model to investigate connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas of King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus: Perciformes) in South Australia’s gulfs
Authors: Rogers Troy A. , Redondo Rodriguez Ana , Fowler Anthony J. , Doubell Mark J. , Drew Michael J. , Steer Michael A. , Matthews Damian , James Charles , Gillanders Bronwyn M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany demersal marine fish species depend on a dispersive larval stage that connects geographically discrete sub‐populations. Understanding connectivity between these sub‐populations is necessary to determine stock structure, which identifies the appropriate spatial scale for fishery management. Such connectivity is poorly understood for King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus; Perciformes) in South Australia's gulf system, even though spawning grounds and nursery areas are adequately defined. In response to declines in commercial catches and estimated biomass, this study aimed to determine the most important spawning grounds and nursery areas to recruitment, and the connectivity between them. A biophysical model was seeded with particles according to the distribution and density of eggs throughout the spawning area in 2017 and 2018. Despite inter‐annual differences in the origins of particles, dispersal pathways and predicted settlement areas remained consistent between years. Predicted settlement was generally highest to nursery areas only short distances from regional spawning grounds, consistent with previous hydrodynamic models. However, the model also predicted that spawning in one region could contribute to recruitment in an adjacent region later in the spawning season, which aligned with the breakdown of thermohaline fronts at the entrance of each gulf. The connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas predicted by the model is supported by spatio‐temporal patterns in the otolith chemistry of pre‐flexion larvae and settled juveniles. Consequently, the most parsimonious explanation is that the populations of King George whiting in South Australia's gulf system constitute a single, panmictic stock, which has implications for fishery management.
Pandemic‐related behaviours and psychological outcomes; A rapid literature review to explain COVID‐19 behaviours
Authors: Usher Kim , Jackson Debra , Durkin Joanne , Gyamfi Naomi , Bhullar Navjot 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 spread rapidly causing widescale loss of life and economic devastation. Efforts to contain it have resulted in measures such as closing of borders and restrictions around travel, social activities and attending places of worship. We conducted this rapid review to systematically examine, synthesize, and critically appraise the available evidence on the relationship between pandemic‐related behaviours and psychological outcomes. The methods were compliant with the PRISMA guidelines. The review was preregistered with PROSPERO (Registration #: CRD42020181576). A literature search was conducted from January 2010 to April 2020 using ProQuest, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, SAGE Journals, and CINAHL. Of 3844 articles identified, we included 11 quantitative articles in the final synthesis, representing data from 32, 049 individual respondents from eight countries. We identified three pandemics (COVID‐19, MERS‐CoV, Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09) as well as several psychological outcomes including anxiety, mental distress, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and anger. We also identified several behaviours during pandemics and categorized them into protective, preparedness, and perverse behaviours. The review showed that even though there is limited evidence regarding pandemic‐related behaviours and psychological outcomes, the current findings showed that the psychological outcomes significantly impacted on the adoption of the pandemic‐related behaviours. Given the negative effects of psychological outcomes on behaviours, we recommend that mental health professionals should promote mental health support to people exhibiting psychological distress resulting from similar events in the future. Also, we recommend that future research should test the hypothesized effects of pandemics and psychological outcomes on behaviour change.
Strength of single‐phase high‐entropy carbide ceramics up to 2300°C
Authors: Feng Lun , Chen Wei‐Ting , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mechanical properties of single‐phase (Hf,Zr,Ti,Ta,Nb)C high‐entropy carbide (HEC) ceramics were investigated. Ceramics with relative density >99% and an average grain size of 0.9 ± 0.3 µm were produced by a two‐step process that involved carbothermal reduction at 1600°C and hot pressing at 1900°C. At room temperature, Vickers hardness was 25.0 ± 1.0 GPa at a load of 4.9 N, Young's modulus was 450 GPa, chevron notch fracture toughness was 3.5 ± 0.3 MPa·m1/2, and four‐point flexural strength was 421 ± 27 MPa. With increasing temperature, flexural strength stayed above ~400 MPa up to 1800°C, then decreased nearly linearly to 318 ± 21 MPa at 2000°C and to 93 ± 10 MPa at 2300°C. No significant changes in relative density or average grain size were noted after testing at elevated temperatures. The degradation of flexural strength above 1800°C was attributed to a decrease in dislocation density that was accompanied by an increase in dislocation motion. These are the first reported flexural strengths of HEC ceramics at elevated temperatures.
Transcriptomic analysis identifies Toll‐like and Nod‐like pathways and necroptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Xiao Genfa , Zhuang Wei , Wang Tingjun , Lian Guili , Luo Li , Ye Chaoyi , Wang Huajun , Xie Liangdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInflammation and immunity play a causal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the pathways and mechanisms by which inflammation and immunity contribute to pulmonary vascular remodelling remain unknown. RNA sequencing was used to analyse the transcriptome in control and rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) for various weeks. Using the transcriptional profiling of MCT‐induced PAH coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we clustered the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and chose the increased expression patterns associated with inflammatory and immune response. We found the enrichment of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and Nod‐like receptor (NLR) pathways and identified NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory and immune profiling in MCT‐induced PAH. Pathway‐based data integration and visualization showed the dysregulated TLR and NLR pathways, including increased expression of TLR2 and NLRP3, and their downstream molecules. Further analysis revealed that the activation of TLR and NLR pathways was associated with up‐regulation of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis was involved in the generation of DAMPs in MCT‐induced PAH. Collectively, we identify RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis and its triggered TLR and NLR pathways in the progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of PAH.
U.S. National Profile of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Alone, Physical Frailty Alone, and Both
Authors: Ge Mei‐Ling , Carlson Michelle C. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Chu Nadia M. , Tian Jing , Kasper Judith D. , Xue Qian‐Li 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo obtain national and regional estimates of prevalence of frailty with or without cognitive impairment, and cognitive impairment with or without frailty among older adults in the United States, and to identify profiles of characteristics that distinguish their joint versus separate occurrence.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGCommunity or non–nursing home residential care settings.PARTICIPANTSA U.S. nationally representative sample of 7,497 older adults aged 65 and older from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.MEASUREMENTSFrailty was measured by the physical frailty phenotype. Cognitive impairment was assessed by cognitive performance testing of executive function and memory or by proxy reports. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify profiles of demographic, socioeconomic, health, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics that distinguish four subgroups: not‐frail and cognitively intact (“neither”), not‐frail and cognitively impaired (“Cog. only”), frail and cognitively intact (“frailty only”), and frail and cognitively impaired (“both”).RESULTSThe prevalence of “Cog. only,” “frailty only,” and “both” was 25.5%, 5.6%, and 8.7%, respectively. Individuals with“frailty only” had the highest prevalence of obesity, current smoking, comorbidity, lung disease, and history of surgery. The “both” group had the highest prevalence of dementia, depression, cardiovascular diseases, and disability. No significant differences were found between the “Cog. only” group and the “neither” group with respect to history of surgery and comorbidity burden. The prevalence of dementia in the “Cog. only” was less than half of that in the “both” group.CONCLUSIONThe finding of sizable subgroups having physical frailty but not cognitive impairment, and vice versa, suggests that the two cannot be considered necessarily as antecedent or sequela of one another. The study provided empirical data supporting the prioritization of comorbidity, obesity, surgery history, and smoking status in clinical screening of frailty and cognitive impairment before formal diagnostic assessments.
Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 health crisis in Spain
Authors: Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego , Ibáñez‐Masero Olivia , Cabrera‐Troya José , Carmona‐Rega María Inés , Ortega‐Galán Ángela María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) health crisis in Spain.BackgroundSpain has been one of the countries hardest hit by the health crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals have had to deal with traumatic and complex situations in the work context. In these particularly stressful situations, many professionals may develop CF or BO, which puts them at risk for mental health problems.DesignCross‐sectional online survey.MethodsA total of 506 healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses) who were working in healthcare centres during the COVID‐19 pandemic participated. CF, CS and BO were assessed with the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire, and perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale‐14. Socio‐demographic and occupational variables were also analysed. Data were collected during the period of the highest incidence of cases and highest mortality rates due to COVID‐19 in Spain. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies.ResultsPhysicians had higher CF and BO scores, while nurses had higher CS scores. Perceived stress scores were similar in both occupations. Professionals working in specific COVID‐19 units and in emergency departments had higher CF and BO scores, while levels of CS and perceived stress were similar regardless of the workplace.Relevance to clinical practiceDespite the health crisis situation and its implications for healthcare professionals, the levels of CF and BO have remained moderate/high. However, CS seems to be increasing, especially among nurses, possibly due to their motivation to relieve suffering and due to their perceived social recognition. It is necessary to implement interventions that help improve CS and prevent BO and CF among professionals in the long term.
COVID‐19 in a state of Brazilian Northeast: Prevalence and associated factors in people with flu‐like syndrome
Authors: Garces Thiago S. , Sousa George J. B. , Florêncio Raquel S. , Cestari Virna R. F. , Pereira Maria L. D. , Moreira Thereza M. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo estimate the prevalence and associated factors of COVID‐19 in people with flu‐like syndrome in Ceará, Brazil.BackgroundCOVID‐19 is an infectious disease that has led to a worldwide public health emergency. More than 30,000 cases were confirmed in Brazil, especially in the States of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Ceará. The capital of the Ceará State is the one with the highest incidence of COVID‐19 in Brazil. Estimating the prevalence of the disease and its associated factors is important to offer adequate health care.DesignA cross‐sectional study with secondary data of people notified with flu‐like syndrome and COVID‐19 test results.Methods19,967 cases of flu‐like syndrome were analysed according to the result of the COVID‐19 test. Predictive variables were as follows: age range, sex, women in puerperium, presence or absence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, haematological illness, immunodeficiencies, neurological diseases, obesity, renal diseases and Down syndrome. Robust Poisson regression models estimated the prevalence ratios of COVID‐19. The research was reported via STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe prevalence of COVID‐19 in the population was 10.37%. In the final model, the following variables were associated with COVID‐19: aged people, male sex, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.ConclusionAmong the flu‐like syndrome cases, COVID‐19 prevalence was high. In the Ceará State, clinical factors such as aged people, male sex, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes can enhance the prevalence of COVID‐19 by up to 2.57 times.Relevance to clinical practiceThe identification of factors that are associated with the enhanced prevalence of COVID‐19 facilitates early diagnosis, and adequate and prompt treatment. This knowledge may avoid an unfavourable prognosis of the disease.
Relationship between cancer stigma, social support, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Kang No Eul , Kim Hye Young , Kim Ji Young , Kim Sung Reul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of cancer stigma, social support, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment among breast cancer survivors and to identify the factors associated with patients’ psychosocial adjustment.BackgroundFew studies have examined the association between cancer stigma and adaptation outcomes, which are considered interpersonal stressors for breast cancer survivors.DesignA correlational, cross‐sectional research design was used.MethodsThis study was designed based on the stress‐coping theory of Lazarus and Folkman. This descriptive cross‐sectional study included 158 breast cancer survivors who visited a Korean tertiary hospital. Data collection was performed using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records between March–May 2018. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t test, one‐way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, partial correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis and were performed with the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. This study adheres to STROBE guidelines.ResultsCancer stigma had the strongest association with psychosocial adjustment among Korean breast cancer survivors, followed by social support and coping strategies. These variables accounted for approximately 44% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment.ConclusionCancer stigma had the strongest association with psychosocial adjustment. Healthcare professionals should assess patients’ cancer stigma to develop patient‐tailored stigma management programmes.Relevance to clinical practiceInterventions to alleviate cancer stigma should be developed, and social support and coping strategies for breast cancer survivors should be considered in clinical oncology settings.
Exploring acute care nurses’ decision‐making in psychotropic PRN use in hospitalised people with dementia
Authors: Walsh Brittany , Dahlke Sherry , O’Rourke Hannah , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand how acute care nurses make decisions about administering “as‐needed” (PRN) psychotropic medications to hospitalised people with dementia (PWD).BackgroundBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia occur in approximately 75% of PWD admitted to acute care. Despite this, few studies provide insight into the use and prevalence of psychotropic use in acute care.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used to explore acute care nurses’ decision‐making about PRN psychotropic medication administration to PWD.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight nurses from three acute care medical units in a large tertiary hospital in Western Canada. Conventional content analysis was used to develop three themes that reflect nurses’ decision‐making related to administering PRNs to hospitalised PWD. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsThree themes of legitimising control, making the patient fit and future telling were developed. Legitimising control involved medicating undesirable behaviours to promote the nurses’ perceptions of safety. Making the patient fit involved maintaining routine and order. Future telling involved pre‐emptively medicating to prevent undesirable behaviours from escalating. Nurses provided little to no mention of assessing for physical causes contributing to behaviours. PRNs were seen as a reasonable alternative to physical restraints and were frequently used. Additionally, organisational and unit routines greatly influenced nurses’ decision‐making.ConclusionsThese findings provide an initial understanding of how nurses make decisions to administer PRN medications to hospitalised older people and may inform prescribing practices. There were novel findings about the lack of assessment prior to PRN administration, and the nurses’ collective response in decision‐making. More research is needed to better understand the complexities of nurses’ decision‐making, to assist in the development of interventions for nursing practice.
7T versus 3T MR Angiography to Assess Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Leemans Eva , Cornelissen Bart , Sing M. L. C. , Sprengers Marieke , van den Berg Rene , Roos Yvo , Vandertop W. Pieter , Slump Cornelius , Marquering Henk , Majoie Charles 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAneurysm size and neck measurements are important for treatment decisions. The introduction of 7T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) led to new possibilities assessing aneurysm morphology and flow due to the higher signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, it is unknown if the size measurements on 7T MRA are similar to those on the standard 3T MRA. This study aimed to compare aneurysm size measurements between 7T and 3T MRA.METHODSWe included 18 patients with 22 aneurysms who underwent both 3T and 7T MRA. Three acquisition protocols were compared: 3T time of flight (TOF), 7T TOF, and 7T contrast‐enhanced MRA. Each aneurysm on each protocol was measured by at least two experienced neuroradiologists. Subsequently, the differences were evaluated using scatterplots and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of agreement.RESULTSThere was a good agreement among the neuroradiologists for the height and width measurements (mean ICC: .78‐.93); the neck measurements showed a moderate agreement with a mean ICC of .57‐.72. Between the MR acquisition protocols, there was a high agreement for all measurements with a mean ICC of .81‐.96. Measurement differences between acquisition protocols (0‐2.9 mm) were in the range of the differences between the neuroradiologists (0‐3.6 mm).CONCLUSIONOur study showed that 7T MRA, both nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced, has a high agreement in aneurysm size measurements compared to 3T. This suggests that 7T is useful for reliable aneurysm size assessment.