bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy as Extended Attitudes
Authors: Vulpe Simona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is not a singular view but encompasses a set of positions located between complete acceptance of vaccination and complete rejection of vaccination. In this paper, I argue that vaccine-hesitant attitudes emerge at the intersection of individual and structural processes, and thus can be better conceptualized as “extended attitudes”. Drawing on the theoretical understanding of risk and science scepticism in post-modern societies, I consider hesitant attitudes towards vaccination as addressing risks that are induced in our everyday lives by science developments. I conducted K-Means Cluster Analysis on Eurobarometer data from 2019 regarding Europeans’ attitudes towards vaccination. Four clusters of vaccine-hesitant attitudes were identified. “Price hesitation” and “Effort hesitation” result from restricted access to vaccination because of structural constraints, such as low economic capital and health care system’ deficits. “Unexercised pro-vaccination” is an attitude manifested by people who grant authority to science to manage health-related risks, even though they did not vaccinate in the last five years. “Consistent anti-vaccination” pertains to highly reflexive individuals who dismiss experts’ authority because of scientifically derived risks. My analysis enhances the theoretical understanding and the empirical assessment of vaccine-hesitant attitudes in the European Union and can inform public health policies in this area.
Den Klimawandel stoppen
Authors: Giegold Sven 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Grüne Europapolitiker Sven Giegold analysiert in diesem Interview die Bedeutung des Klimawandels für das Wirtschaftssystem, die europäische und internationale Klimapolitik, die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft und die Folgen der Corona-Krise für die Klimapolitik.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) characteristic estimation of elliptic patch antenna based on machine learning techniques
Authors: Gençoğlan Duygu Nazan , Arslan Mustafa Turan , Çolak Şule , Yildirim Esen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, estimation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) characteristics of microstrip elliptic patch antenna is investigated by means of k-nearest neighborhood algorithm. A total of 16,940 antennas are simulated by changing antenna dimensions and substrate material. Antennas are examined by observing Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) characteristics. In the study, classification of antennas in terms of having UWB characteristics results in accuracies higher than 97%. Additionally, Consistency based Feature Selection method is applied to eliminate redundant and irrelevant features. This method yields that substrate material does not affect the UWB characteristics of the antenna. Classification process is repeated for the reduced feature set, reaching to 97.44% accuracy rate. This result is validated by 854 antennas, which are not included in the original antenna set. Antennas are designed for seven different substrate materials keeping all other parameters constant. Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS) is used for the design and simulation of the antennas.
Geochronology, trace elements and Hf isotopic geochemistry of zircons from Swat orthogneisses, Northern Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh Lawangin , Lutfi Wasiq , Zhao Zhidan , Awais Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, zircon grains are applied for U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements to reveal the origin of magmatism and tectonic evolution of Late Paleozoic rocks of the Indian plate, Northern Pakistan. Most of the zircons are characterized by oscillatory zoning, depletion of light rare earth elements (LREE) and enrichment of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) with Ce and Eu anomalies. The yielded ages for these rocks are 256 ± 1.9 Ma and are plotted in the zones defined for the continental setting with few deviated toward the mid-oceanic ridge and the oceanic arc setting. Deviated zircons are recognized as inherited zircons by displaying a high concentration of normalized primitive La and Pr values, while others are plotted in the continental zones. Rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements including Th, Hf, U, Nb, Sc and Ti discriminate Swat orthogneisses into the within plate setting and the inherited zircons are plotted in the orogenic or the arc-related setting. The LREE discriminated these zircons into a magmatic zone with inherited zircons deviated toward the hydrothermal zone. The temperature calculated for these rocks based on the Ti content in zircon ranges from 679 to 942°C. The ε
Hf(t) ranging from −11.1 to +1.4 reveals that the origin is the continental crust with the minute input of the juvenile mantle.
Challenges to the Assessment of Damages Claims Involving Crypto-Assets in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Chakravarty Aveek 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the particular challenges involved in valuing various types of crypto-assets as investments under treaty-based investment arbitration. The interaction of the international investment protection regime with crypto-investments has largely remained un-examined, even though increasing amounts of foreign investments have flown into the development of crypto-assets its related markets. The existing investment treaty regime is set to face significant challenges in grappling with crypto-assets as investments due to several distinct features that differentiate them from traditional asset classes. This issue is explored further in the article from the perspective of the principles governing damages under international law.
The study of rod-shaped TiO2 composite material in the protection of stone cultural relics
Authors: Shu Hui , Song Yujian , Liu Qiang , Luo Maobin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTiO2 has many advantages, such as UV resistance, thermal stability, and antibacterial; the attention toward TiO2 composite materials (TCMs) is rapidly increasing in the protection of stone culture relics. An innovative rod-shaped TCM was synthesized in this study. The structure and morphology of TCM were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The acid resistance, weather resistance, hydrophilicity, and photocatalytic performance of TCM had been investigated. The experimental results indicated that TCM has good protection effects. The stone sample treated with TCM has stronger acid resistance and weather resistance, better hydrophilicity, and more excellent photocatalytic activity compared with the untreated stone. More importantly, the stone treated with TCM has better acid resistance and weather resistance than that treated with normal shaped TiO2 materials of the previous study. This work describes an effective way to protect stone cultural relics.
Influence of processing parameters on slab stickers during continuous casting
Authors: Liu Yu , Tian Yuanpeng , Wang Xudong , Gao Yali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the parameters of 44 sticker breakout samples were analysed. The research mainly focused on the steel grades and slab thickness of stickers. Other processing parameters, such as slab width, casting speed, mould fluctuation, heat flux and operation, were also discussed. The results show that the number of stickers of low carbon steel and low alloy steel was 16 and 28, respectively. The stickers of low carbon steel were less than those of low alloy steel regardless of the thickness and width. The ratio of stickers per 1,000 casting heats of 220, 260 and 320 mm thickness slabs was 2.5, 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. The higher casting speed of 220 mm thickness slabs made the casting status unsteady and caused more stickers. From the perspective of width, the stickers were gradually increased along with the increase in width due to the worse mould slag. This study provides a foundation to reduce slab stickers and is helpful for a more efficient technology of continuous casting.
(K)ein Platz für Übersetzungen in der nationalen Literaturgeschichtsschreibung? Aus Anlass einiger Neuerscheinungen zu ihrer Geschichte und Gegenwart
Authors: Bachleitner Norbert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The review of four recent publications on the history and methodology of literary translation underlines the importance of translations for the target literatures: they introduce new styles of writing, influence the genre system, and compete with ‚indigenous‘ works for readership. The progress of studies in translation history raises the question of the role of translations in literary histories – particularly as literary historians orientate themselves towards transnational and translingual perspectives. The inclusion of translation, therefore, as the most important link between ‚national‘ literatures appears as a logical and even necessary step. This article discusses various concepts for the future of transcultural literary history.
Derivative free iterative methods with memory having higher R-order of convergence
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Bahadur Chand Prem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We derive two iterative methods with memory for approximating a simple root of any nonlinear equation. For this purpose, we take two optimal methods without memory of order four and eight and convert them into the methods with memory without increasing any further function evaluation. These methods involve a self-accelerator (parameter) that depends upon the iteration index to increase the order of the optimal methods. Consequently, the efficiency of the new methods is considerably high as compared to the methods without memory. Some numerical examples are provided in support of the theoretical results.
Beneficial effect of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) in a rat model of colitis
Authors: Abiodun Oyindamola O. , Sosanya Aderemi S. , Nwadike Norah , Oshinloye Adedunke O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background

Bidens pilosa (BP) possessed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Its beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in Wistar rats was evaluated.

Methods
Thirty female Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g were distributed into six groups (n = 5): non-colitic, untreated colitic and colitic rats treated graded doses of methanol extract of BP (50–400 mg/kg). Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of 0.2 mL of 40 mg/mL TNBS. BP was administered two days pre-colitis induction and treatments continued until seven days post-colitis induction. A day after the last treatment, rats were euthanized, colon removed aseptically and response to treatment assessed. Phytochemical composition of BP was determined using the GC-MS.

Results
BP significantly reduced macroscopic colonic damage score, weight/length ratio, colonic lipid peroxidation level, leukocytes infiltration, and TNF-α level in comparison to untreated colitic rats (p ≤ 0.008). Similarly, treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg BP prevented depletion of colonic glutathione level than other treatment groups (p ≤ 0.0002). Histological findings revealed that treatment with 400 mg/kg BP significantly preserved the mucosal epithelial layer. It also prevented ulceration and sloughing of the mucosal layers and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to other treatment groups. Among the 16 compounds identified were oleic acid (6.2%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (2.0%) with antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities.

Conclusions
The beneficial effects of BP in rat colitis might be related to the reduction of leucocytes infiltration, inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Improvement in resilience and stress-related blood markers following ten months yoga practice in Antarctica
Authors: Nirwan Mohit , Halder Kaushik , Saha Mantu , Pathak Anjana , Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy , Ganju Lilly 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Wintering is associated with distress to humans who work in the isolated and confined environment of Antarctica and yoga has been proved helpful for coping with stress. Therefore, a study was conducted on 14 winter expedition members of Indian Scientific Antarctic Expedition (2016) to find out the effects of yoga on stress-related markers.

Methods
Participants were divided into yoga, and control (non-yoga) groups. The yoga group practiced yoga for 10 months (from January to October 2016) daily in the morning for an hour. The Resilience test questionnaire was administrated at baseline and endpoint of the study. Blood samples were collected during the study at different intervals for the estimation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin and cortisol using ELISA.

Results
A trend of improvement was observed in the resilience test score in the yoga group. From January to October, 8-OHdG serum values in the yoga group declined by 55.9% from 1010.0 ± 67.8 pg/mL to 445.6 ± 60.5 pg/mL (Mean ± SD); in the control group, the decline was 49.9% from 1060.4 ± 54.6 pg/mL to 531.1 ± 81.8 pg/mL. In serotonin serum levels in the yoga group, there was a 3.1% increase from 6.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL to 6.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL while no increase was noticed in the control group. Cortisol values in the yoga group decreased by 19.9% from 321.0 ± 189.6 ng/mL to 257.1 ± 133.8 ng/mL; in the control group it increased by 2.8% from 241.2 ± 51.8 ng/mL to 247.8 ± 90.9 ng/mL.

Conclusions
It could be concluded from the present study that following 10 months yoga practice may be useful for better resilience and management of stress-related blood markers for the polar sojourners.
High cholesterol diet promotes dysfunction of arginase and cholinergic enzymatic system in rats: ameliorative role of caffeic and chlorogenic acids
Authors: Agunloye Odunayo Michael , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Dietary phenolic compounds intake have been reported to have an inverse relationship to the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of caffeic acid (CFA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on rats fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD).

Methods
Experimental animals were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) for a period of 21 days while simvastatin (0.2 mg/kg BWT), CFA and CGA (10 and 15 mg/kg BWT) were administered daily.

Results
Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and arginase were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the rats fed with HCD alone. Also, level of malondiadehyde equivalent compounds (MDA) was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nevertheless, treatment with simvastatin, CFA and CGA normalized altered AChE, BChE and arginase activities as well as improved antioxidant status in hypercholesterolemic rats.

Conclusion
CFA and CGA could offer protective role in hypercholeseterolemic rats via their antioxidant potentials as well as restoring altered activity of acetylcholinesterase, butrylcholinesterase and arginase. Based on our findings chlorogenic acid exhibits better attribute.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation effects on quality of life, body composition, bone mineral density and osteoporosis related biomarkers and micro-RNAs in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aghamohammadi Dawood , Dolatkhah Neda , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Hermann Pernille , Eslamian Fariba 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Phytomedicine is widely suggested for the prevention of chronic disease, but evidence for a favorable effect on bone health is lacking. The present study will investigate the Zingiber officinale (ZO) and Curcuma longa L. (CL) supplementation effects on quality of life, body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis related biomarkers and micro-RNAs in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO).

Methods
This study protocol is designed as prospective triple-blind randomized controlled trial. One hundred and 20 patients with PMO will be enrolled in a 4 month, prospective, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned to four groups: ZO (500 mg b.i.d.) + CL (500 mg b.i.d.) (ZO + CL); ZO (500 mg b.i.d.) + placebo CL (b.i.d.) (ZO + P); placebo ZO (b.i.d.) + CL (500 mg b.i.d.) (CL + P); and placebo ZO (b.i.d.) + placebo CL (b.i.d.) (P + P). Quality of life, body composition and BMD will be defined as the primary endpoints and osteoporosis related serum biomarkers and circulating micro-RNAs will be defined as the secondary endpoints. The ANCOVA statistical method will be used to investigate the effect of the interventional variables on the response variable.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this trial is the first clinical study exploring the effect of Ginger and turmeric on quality of life, body composition, BMD and osteoporosis related biomarkers and micro-RNAs in women with PMO. The findings of this trial could be the basis for the development of harmless and inexpensive preventive and therapeutic approaches for PMO.
Hyperbolic Feature-based Sarcasm Detection in Telugu Conversation Sentences
Authors: Bharti Santosh Kumar , Naidu Reddy , Babu Korra Sathya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecognition of sarcastic statements has been a challenge in the process of sentiment analysis. A sarcastic sentence contains only positive words conveying a negative sentiment. Therefore, it is tough for any automated machine to identify the exact sentiment of the text in the presence of sarcasm. The existing systems for sarcastic sentiment detection are limited to the text scripted in English. Nowadays, researchers have shown greater interest in low resourced languages such as Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, Indonesian, etc. To analyse these low resource languages, the biggest challenge is the lack of available resources, especially in the context of Indian languages. Indian languages are very rich in morphology which pose a greater challenge for the automated machines. Telugu is one of the most popular languages after Hindi among Indian languages. In this article, we have collected and annotated a corpus of Telugu conversation sentences in the form of a question followed by a reply for sarcasm detection. Further, a set of algorithms are proposed for the analysis of sarcasm in the corpus of Telugu conversation sentences. The proposed algorithms are based on hyperbolic features namely, Interjection, Intensifier, Question mark and Exclamation symbol. The achieved accuracy is 94%.
Transaction Cost and the Theory of Games: The “Prisoners’ Dilemma” as an Example
Authors: Junhui Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern introduced the theory of games as a branch of modern mathematics into Economics, it has become rather prevalent, and it is even thought to be able to rewrite the whole microeconomics, that is to say, replace the frame of economic theory found by Marshall in “Principles of Economics”. But this paper will show that there are two frauds in the “Prisoners’ Dilemma”, one of the classical models in the theory of games. One is the missing calculation of costs of “cooperative solution”, the other is invalidity of “cooperative solution” when adopted to explain the phenomenon in economy or business field, because of misleading by the wrong definition of Monopoly. Oligarchs cannot increase the monophonic degree, even if they cooperate or collide to decrease the productions. But the fundamental problem of the prisoners’ dilemma lies in ad hoc theory. There are transaction costs in cooperation, which is the key constraint. Some special ways (such as repeated game) to decrease transaction costs in special cases are not key factors. This problem exists in all models of the theory of games, so it is its Achilles’ heel.
Why Are Inferior Seats “Underpriced”? Evidence from the English Premier League
Authors: Leung Tin Cheuk , Tsang Kwok Ping , Tsui Kevin K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the practice of loss-leader pricing strategy in the English Premier League (EPL). While the TV broadcasting revenue for EPL clubs has increased over the past 20 years, the importance of revenue from ticket sales has declined. The theory of multi-product pricing suggests that a change in the relative importance of revenue sources can induce profit-maximizing firms to underprice one product in order to raise the demand for a complementary one. Using other leagues in England and Scotland that do not have as much TV broadcasting revenue as a control group, we find that inferior seats are underpriced among the EPL clubs. Consistent with the growing importance of TV broadcast revenue, we also find that such “loss-leader pricing” is stronger in later years of the sample. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the underpricing of inferior seats is more pronounced in (i) EPL clubs compared to clubs in other European leagues; (ii) elite clubs in EPL compared to non-elite clubs in EPL that have less TV broadcasting revenue; and (iii) clubs promoted to EPL as compared to clubs that are either promoted or relegated to different leagues in England and Scotland. These findings corroborate with the hypothesis that clubs that rely more on TV broadcasting underprice their inferior seats as loss leader to attract more passionate fans.
Tensions, Challenges and Issues in Evaluating Communication for Development
Authors: Lennie June , Tacchi Jo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe complexity of development and social change and growing tensions between dominant results-based and emerging learning and improvement-based approaches to evaluating development interventions have created major challenges for the evaluation of communication for development (C4D). Drawing on our recent research, we identify significant tensions, challenges and issues in evaluating C4D. They include contextual and institutional challenges, problems with attribution and unrealistic timeframes, a lack of capacities in both evaluation and C4D, and a lack of appreciation, funding and support for approaches that are more appropriate for the evaluation of C4D.We propose various strategies that can help to address these challenges and issues, including using a rigorous mixed methods approach, and implementing long-term, holistic evaluation capacity development at all levels and our new framework for evaluating C4D. These and other strategies can help to create a supportive environment in which new ideas and approaches can flourish, more sustainable outcomes of C4D can be achieved, and C4D organisations can become more sustainable and effective. The implications for C4D policy are considered.
Interrogating Practitioner Tensions for Raising Citizen Voice with Participatory Video in International Development
Authors: Plush Tamara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Within international development, strengthening the voice of citizens living in poverty is recognised as vital to reducing inequity. In support of such endeavors, participatory video (PV) is an increasingly utilised communicative method that can stimulate community engagement and amplify the voice of groups often excluded from decision-making spaces. However, implementing PV processes specifically within an international development context is an immensely complex proposal. Practitioners must take into consideration the different ways institutions may understand the use of participatory video for raising citizen voice; and how therefore the practice may be influenced, co-opted or even devalued by these institutional assumptions. To this end, this article interrogates how global PV practitioners express tension in their work. Analysis of their descriptions suggests six influential views on PV practice with the potential to diminish the value of voice from the margins.