bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Luo Liman , Fu Menglu , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Zhihui , Yu Jing , Luo Jinlan , Hu Shuiqing , Tu Ling , Xu Xizhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe optimal antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains to be elucidated. Monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor may be inferior to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients after PCI. PubMed, EMBASE (by Ovidsp), Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 2 October 2019. The composite of cardiovascular outcomes, all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, stent thrombosis, and major bleeding were evaluated. Pooled outcomes were presented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of four trials randomizing 29 089 participants were included. Compared with the dual antiplatelet therapy group (n = 14 559), the P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy group (n = 14 530) significantly decreased the incidence of bleeding events (2.0% vs 3.1%; RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43‐0.84; P = .005). There were no significant differences in all‐cause mortality (1.3% vs 1.5%; RR: 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71‐1.06; P = .16), myocardial infarction (2.1% vs 1.9%; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.25; P = .46), stroke (0.6% vs 0.5%; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.67‐2.07; P = .57), or stent thrombosis (0.5% vs 0.4%; RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.81‐1.61; P = .44) between the two groups. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy did not show any significant difference in the adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, but markedly decreased the risk of bleeding among patients after PCI vs dual antiplatelet therapy. However, it still needs to be further confirmed due to limited data.
Deep hashing based on triplet labels and quantitative regularization term with exponential convergence
Authors: Liu Zhuotong , Li Chen , Tian Lihua 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDue to the outstanding performance of the deep network architecture–based hash for data storage and retrieval in recent years, it has been widely applied in massive image retrieval. Most previous approaches have not paid attention to the significant effect on the hash model of quantization error during the learning process. Furthermore, the saturated loss function may result in similar hash codes being generated by large‐difference images. The underuse of classification information in the training process also brings about poor performance by hash codes in retrieval assignments. In this paper, we propose a novel quantitative regularization term with an exponential convergence rate to minimize the impact of quantization error on the model and accelerate the convergence speed of the network. In the training process, to resolve the dilemma caused by saturation loss functions, a new sigmoid function with a slope parameter that can be changed automatically according to the number of iterations is proposed. For the sufficient application of classification information, triplet labels and image labels are used in parallel under the same framework by integrating image labels into the output layer. The experiment results indicate that our algorithm is superior to several advanced hash methods on two standard datasets.
Rechargeable Intermetallic Calcium–Lithium–O2 Batteries
Authors: Kim Mi‐Jin , Kang Hui‐Ju , Im Won Bin , Jun Young‐Si 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe growing demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density has triggered research on batteries based on polyvalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Y3+. Ca is, in particular, a promising anode material as an alternative to Li because of its mechanical strength (ρ=1.55 g cm−3), safety in terms of thermal runaway (m.p.=839 °C), earth‐abundance (world production of 150 million tons of gypsum in 2012), high specific charge capacity (1.340 mAh g−1 or 2.077 mAh cm−3), and standard reduction potential (−2.87 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode, NHE) comparable to that of Li. As with Mg, the practical application of Ca in rechargeable batteries with organic liquid electrolytes has been hindered by the passivation layer resulting from undesirable reactions between metallic Ca and electrolytes, which precludes the possibility of reversible plating of any metal cations on Ca electrodes. Here, a battery system based on intermetallic CaLi2 anodes was developed. Li was used as a host for Ca through the formation of an intermetallic compound, which simultaneously enabled 1) the assembly of a rechargeable battery system with Ca anodes and liquid organic electrolytes and 2) coupling these with an earth‐abundant, high‐energy‐density air cathode without special passivation agents. This strategy is simple and broadly applicable to the other polyvalent cations listed above, opening a new avenue to further engineer the electrode materials required for practical, efficient electrochemical energy‐storage systems.
Unique Layer‐Doping‐Induced Regulation of Charge Behavior in Metal‐Free Carbon Nitride Photoanodes for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Luan Peng , Meng Qingqiang , Wu Jing , Li Qinye , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Ying , O'Dell Luke A. , Raga Sonia R. , Pringle Jennifer , Griffith James C. , Sun Chenghua , Bach Udo , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotoinduced charge carrier behavior is critical in determining photoelectrocatalytic activity. In this study, a unique layer‐doped metal‐free polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) photoanode is fabricated by using one‐pot thermal vapor deposition. With this method, a photoanode consisting of a phosphorus‐doped top layer, boron‐doped middle layer, and pristine C3N4 bottom layer, was formed as a result of the difference in thermal polymerization kinetics associated with the boron‐containing H3BO3–melamine complex and the phosphorus‐containing H3PO4–dicyandiamide complex. This layer‐doping fabrication strategy effectively contributes to the formation of dual junctions that optimizing charge carrier behavior. The ternary‐layer C3N4 photoanode exhibits significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity compared to pristine C3N4, with a record photocurrent density of 150±10 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. This layer‐doping strategy provides an effective means for design and fabrication of photoelectrodes for solar water oxidation.
Emerging Layered Metallic Vanadium Disulfide for Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Li Wenbin , Kheimeh Sari Hirbod Maleki , Li Xifei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRechargeable metal‐ion batteries (RMIBs), as one of the most viable technologies for electric vehicles (EVs) and large‐scale energy storage (EES), have received extensive research attention for a long time. Electrode materials play a decisive role on capacity, energy, and power density, which directly affect the practical applications of RMIBs in EVs and EES. As an electrode material, layered metallic vanadium disulfide (VS2) has theoretically and experimentally produced inspiring results because of its synthetic characteristics of continuously adjustable V valence, large interlayer spacing, weak interlayer interactions, and high surface activity. Herein, the synthetic strategies, theoretical metal‐ion storage sites, diffusion kinetics, and experimental electrochemical reaction mechanisms of VS2 for RMIBs are systematically introduced. Emphatically, the critical issues that affect the metal‐ion storage properties of the VS2 electrode and three major enhancement strategies, namely, optimizing the electrolyte and cutoff voltage, constructing a space‐confined structure, and controlling the crystal structure are summarized, with the aim of promoting the development of transition‐metal dichalcogenides. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the future development of VS2 in the energy‐storage field are presented. It is hoped that this review can attract attention from researchers for investigations into emerging layered metallic VS2 and provide insights toward the design of an excellent VS2 electrode material for next‐generation, high‐performance RMIBs.
Recent evolutionary history predicts population but not ecosystem‐level patterns
Authors: Miller Madison L. , Kronenberger John A. , Fitzpatrick Sarah W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the face of rapid anthropogenic environmental change, it is increasingly important to understand how ecological and evolutionary interactions affect the persistence of natural populations. Augmented gene flow has emerged as a potentially effective management strategy to counteract negative consequences of genetic drift and inbreeding depression in small and isolated populations. However, questions remain about the long‐term impacts of augmented gene flow and whether changes in individual and population fitness are reflected in ecosystem structure, potentiating eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. In this study, we used Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in experimental outdoor mesocosms to assess how populations with different recent evolutionary histories responded to a scenario of severe population size reduction followed by expansion in a high‐quality environment. We also investigated how variation in evolutionary history of the focal species affected ecosystem dynamics. We found that evolutionary history (i.e., gene flow vs. no gene flow) consistently predicted variation in individual growth. In addition, gene flow led to faster population growth in populations from one of the two drainages, but did not have measurable impacts on the ecosystem variables we measured: zooplankton density, algal growth, and decomposition rates. Our results suggest that benefits of gene flow may be long‐term and environment‐dependent. Although small in replication and duration, our study highlights the importance of eco‐evolutionary interactions in determining population persistence and sets the stage for future work in this area.
Droplet‐based microreactor for the production of micro/nano‐materials
Authors: Liu Linbo , Xiang Nan , Ni Zhonghua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDroplet‐based microreactors are of great interest to researchers due to their incredible ability in the synthesis of micro/nano‐materials with multi‐function and complex geometry. In recent years, a broad range of micro/nano‐materials has been synthesized in droplet‐based microreactors, which provide apparent advantages, such as better reproducibility, reliable automation, and accurate manipulation. In this review, we give a comprehensive and in‐depth insight into droplet‐based microreactors, covering fundamental research from droplet generation and manipulation to the applications of droplet‐based microreactors in micro/nano‐material generation. We also explore the outlook for droplet‐based microreactors and challenges that lie ahead and give a possible effort direction. We hope this review will promote communications among researchers and entrepreneurs.
Immobilization of formate dehydrogenase on polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide with kinetics and stability study
Authors: Lin Peng , Zhang Yonghui , Yao Guangxiao , Huo Heyu , Ren Hong , Wang Yixuan , Wang Shizhen , Fang Baishan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraphene oxide‐based nanomaterials are promising for enzyme immobilization due to the possibilities of functionalizing surface. Polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide was constructed as a novel scaffold for immobilization of formate dehydrogenase. Compared with free formate dehydrogenase and graphene oxide adsorbed formate dehydrogenase, thermostability, storage stability, and reusability of polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide‐formate dehydrogenase were enhanced. Typically, polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide‐formate dehydrogenase remained 47.4% activity after eight times’ repeat reaction. The immobilized capacity of the polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide was 2.4‐folds of that of graphene oxide. Morphological and functional analysis of polyethylenimine‐grafted graphene oxide‐formate dehydrogenase was performed and the assembling mechanism based on multi‐level interactions was studied. Consequently, this practical and facile strategy will likely find applications in biosynthesis, biosensing, and biomedical engineering.
Evaluation of standard and real fire exposures on thermal response of rail car floor assembly
Authors: Kapahi Anil , McKinnon Mark , Lattimer Brian 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis work developed a computational methodology to evaluate and compare standard fire exposures such as those outlined in ASTM E119 with real fire exposures and determine the difference in the temperature rise of a rail car floor assembly. The real fire exposures simulated in this work were identified in a review of incidents and consisted of a constantly‐fed diesel fuel spill, a localized trash fire, and a gasoline spill simulated from a collision of the railcar with an automobile. These realistic fire exposures were applied to a variety of exemplar rail cars representative of single‐level and bi‐level passenger cars. These floor assembly models exposed to realistic fires were simulated in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The thermal exposure at the underside of railcar provided by FDS was coupled with a thermal model in ABAQUS, which provided the evolution of temperature in different components of the floor assembly. The standard scenarios were simulated for 2 hours instead of the typical 30 minutes to identify the appropriate exposure duration in ASTM E119, which can better represent a real fire scenario. The average and maximum temperatures predicted at the unexposed surface for both scenarios were compared with the threshold values given in NFPA 130.
The combined effects of ultrasound and lactic acid in inactivating microorganisms on fresh radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus): Microbiological and quality changes
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Abhari Khadijeh , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to reduce the risk of microbial contamination in fresh radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and ensure its safety, combined effects of ultrasound and lactic acid in inactivating microorganisms and quality changes of radish were studied. Fresh radish samples were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella sonnei separately and were treated with lactic acid (L) 1% and 2%, ultrasound (U) with the amplitude of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% for 15 and 30 min and their combination. The quality parameters, including total phenol content, firmness, and total color change, were evaluated on the day of the experiment and after 24 hr of cold storage. Results showed that both applied treatments and their combinations had significant (p < .05) inhibitory effect on all of the studied bacteria. Total phenolic content of the ultrasound treated samples led to higher amounts comparing to other samples. Results showed that using ultrasound power (75%), for 30 min significantly (p < .05) decreased the firmness of samples after 24 hr of cold storage. In conclusion, the application of ultrasound and lactic acid can extend the shelf life of fresh radish.
Automatische Brandbekämpfungsanlagen in untertägigen Bauwerken
Authors: Klaffenböck Thomas , Gertl Reinhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA fire can occur in many areas of a transport system. Detecting fires at an early stage and rapid automated fire‐fighting can significantly minimize or completely prevent damage to rolling stock and infrastructure. In addition to effective fire‐fighting, people should be safeguarded, the systems should be economical, and activation should cause a minimum of damage. Despite the positive effects of using automatic fire‐fighting systems in terms of building protection and reducing the fire load, there may be negative effects on escaping persons during the escape phase. Different systems such as the high‐pressure water mist system and the deluge system are investigated by CFD simulation and evaluated with regard to their use during the escape and external rescue phases.
Microstructural abnormalities of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: A neuromelanin sensitive MRI atlas based study
Authors: Safai Apoorva , Prasad Shweta , Chougule Tanay , Saini Jitender , Pal Pramod K. , Ingalhalikar Madhura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrostructural changes associated with degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been studied using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). However, these studies show inconsistent results, mainly due to methodological variations in delineation of SNc. To mitigate this, our work aims to construct a probabilistic atlas of SNc based on a 3D Neuromelanin Sensitive MRI (NMS‐MRI) sequence and demonstrate its applicability to investigate microstructural changes on a large dataset of PD. Using manual segmentation and deformable registration we created a novel SNc atlas in the MNI space using NMS‐MRI sequences of 27 healthy controls (HC). We first quantitatively evaluated this atlas and then employed it to investigate the micro‐structural abnormalities in SNc using diffusion MRI from 133 patients with PD and 99 HCs. Our results demonstrated significant increase in diffusivity with no changes in anisotropy. In addition, we also observed an asymmetry of the diffusion metrics with a higher diffusivity and lower anisotropy in the left SNc than the right. Finally, a multivariate classifier based on SNc diffusion features could delineate patients with PD with an average accuracy of 71.7%. Overall, from this work we establish a normative baseline for the SNc region of interest using NMS‐MRI while the application on PD data emphasizes on the contribution of diffusivity measures rather than anisotropy of white matter in PD.
Prophylactic arterial ligation following transoral robotic surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Gilley David R. , Ahmad Jumah , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProphylactic arterial ligation has been proposed to reduce the severity of postoperative hemorrhage following transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Previous studies have shown a trend toward a reduction in major and severe bleeding. Search strategies were implemented in multiple databases and completed in August 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to capture studies examining adults undergoing TORS for oropharyngeal cancer. Four retrospective studies were selected appropriate for analysis by two reviewers who independently extracted data. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis of 619 patients in four retrospective reviews showed that the pooled RR of major and severe bleeding events was significantly lower in prophylactically ligated patients (RR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08‐0.92; I2 = 0). Prophylactic arterial ligation of external carotid artery branches is associated with a decreased risk of major and severe bleeding events, although confounding factors remain incompletely analyzed.
Unexplained periods of higher deaths contribute to marginal changes in health care demand and health insurance costs: International perspectives
Authors: Jones Rodney P. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySudden and unexplained increases in hospital medical admissions and population total deaths have been characterized in the United Kingdom. These sudden increases appear to endure for around 1 to 3 years before they abate. This study demonstrates that the sudden increases in deaths also occur in 125 countries and occur at subnational geographies. The magnitude of the sudden increase diminishes as a power law function up to around 10 000 deaths. Above 10 000 deaths, there is only a small decline with increasing size (deaths). At around 10 000 deaths, a 10% maximum sudden increase applies across many countries or subnational regions. The nearness to death effect, where around half of a person's lifetime hospital admissions occurs in the last 6 months of life, results in higher associated increases in medical admissions. This paper confirms that the use of calendar year data can be misleading. Periods of unexplained higher deaths appear to occur in bursts across multiple countries and appear to show spatial spread within the neighbourhoods which constitute the whole country.
Numerical computation on Marangoni convective flow of two‐phase MHD dusty nanofluids under Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects
Authors: Kalpana G. , Madhura K. R. , Iyengar S. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current theoretical study describes the Marangoni thermal convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic dusty nanofluids along a wavy vertical surface. The two‐phase mathematical model is developed under the influence of thermal radiation and exponentially varying space‐dependent heat source. Pure and hybrid nanoparticles together with dust particle suspension in the base fluid are taken into consideration to characterize the behavior of the flow. Brownian motion and thermophoresis mechanisms are considered, since it enhances the convection features of dusty nanofluid. Appropriate transformations are adopted to modify the flow governing equations and boundary conditions to dimensionless form. The forward finite difference scheme is implemented to illustrate the resultant coupled partial differential equations. The Newton quasi‐linearization technique is utilized to reduce the nonlinear system into a linear form, which is solved thereafter by Thomas algorithm. The responses of velocity, temperature, concentration, friction factor, and heat and mass transfer rate profiles with various governing parameters are discussed and portrayed graphically. The study evidences that the radiation and space‐dependent heat generating parameters strengthen the temperature distribution. Also, the heat transfer rate appreciably rises with the increment in Marangoni convection. The solution methodology and accuracy of the model is validated by generating the earlier outcomes for nonradiating nanofluid flow without heat source/sink.
The association between intrauterine balloon tamponade volume and postpartum hemorrhage outcomes
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Park Ji Kwon , Jo Hyen Chul , Cho In Ae , Baek Jong Chul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) on the outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) according to the balloon volume and to investigate the clinical factors associated with poor PPH outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in which patients with PPH underwent IUBT from January 2016 to August 2018. Patients with an IUBT volume greater than 350 mL (n=76) were compared to patients with an IUBT volume less than 350 mL (n=213). The clinical outcomes related to PPH included blood transfusion, estimated blood loss (EBL) after balloon placement, uterine artery embolization (UAE) after IUBT, and postpartum hospitalization. The results were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsNone of the clinical outcomes related to PPH and evaluated in our study were favorable in patients with an IUBT volume greater than 350 mL. Other factors associated with poor PPH outcomes after IUBT were placental site hemorrhage, shock index (SI) before IUBT, and antenatal hemoglobin.ConclusionIt is better to avoid unnecessary balloon inflation in IUBT if the bleeding is reduced, and more attention should be paid to the procedure when the balloon is large (≥350 mL) than when it is small (<350 mL).