bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of fungal and invertebrate communities to wood decay in tropical terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Authors: Ferrer Astrid , Heath Katy D. , Canam Thomas , Flores Hector D. , Dalling James W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWood is a major carbon input into aquatic ecosystems and is thought to decay slowly, yet surprisingly little terrestrial carbon accumulates in marine sediments. A better mechanistic understanding of how habitat conditions and decomposer communities influence wood decay processes along the river–estuary–ocean continuum can address this seeming paradox. We measured mass loss, wood element, and polymer concentrations, quantified invertebrate‐induced decay, and sequenced fungal communities associated with replicate sections ofGuazumabranch wood submerged in freshwater, estuarine, and near‐shore marine habitats and placed on the soil surface in nearby terrestrial habitats in three watersheds in the tropical eastern Pacific. Over 15 months, we found that wood decayed at similar rates in estuarine, marine, and terrestrial sites, reflecting the combined activity of invertebrate and microbial decomposers. In contrast, in the absence of shipworms (Teredinidae), which accounted for ~40% of wood mass loss in the estuarine habitats, decay proceeded more slowly in freshwater. Over the experiment, wood element chemistry diverged among freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats, due to differences in both nutrient losses (e.g., potassium and phosphorus) and gains (e.g., calcium and aluminum) through decay. Similarly, we observed changes in wood polymer content, with the highest losses of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin moieties in the marine habitat. Aquatic fungal communities were strongly dominated by ascomycetes (88–99% of taxa), compared to terrestrial communities (55% ascomycetes). Large differences in fungal diversity were also observed across habitats with threefold higher richness in terrestrial than freshwater habitats and twofold higher diversity in freshwater than estuarine/marine habitats. Divergent decay trajectories across habitats were associated with widespread order‐level differences in fungal composition, with distinct communities found in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats. However, few individual taxa that were significantly associated with mass loss were broadly distributed, suggesting a high level of functional redundancy. The rapid processing of wood entering tropical rivers by microbes and invertebrates, comparable to that on land, indicates that estuaries and coastal oceans are hotspots not just for the processing of particulate and dissolved organic carbon, but also for woody debris and for the breakdown of lignin, the most recalcitrant polymer in plant tissue.
A systematic review of cross‐cultural validation of the pain catastrophizing scale
Authors: Ikemoto Tatsunori , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Shiro Yukiko , Arai Young‐Chang , Marcuzzi Anna , Costa Daniel , Wrigley Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it has been suggested that the different cultural and social environments between countries contribute to variations in pain catastrophizing (PC), an international comparison of PC in patients with chronic pain has not yet been reported. Prior to undertaking this comparison, a cross‐cultural assessment of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) was undertaken to explore the different factor structures among each translated version of the PCS.MethodsThe protocol for this systematic review was prospectively registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews 2018 (CRD 42018086719). Electronic searches were conducted in the following databases: Ovid/Embase, Ovid/MEDLINE and Ovid/PsycINFO, and then 19 articles (16 language versions) were included in this review. Based on the COSMIN check list, we investigated language translation followed by five domains of cross‐cultural validation: structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and hypotheses testing for construct validity in each study.ResultsWe found that (a) there were inconsistent structural models among each translated version, leading to variant subdomain structures for rumination, magnification and helplessness; (b) all languages versions showed sufficient internal consistency when assessing whole items and (c) the correlation coefficients between pain intensities and total scores of the PCS among each sample of chronic pain varied across the studies.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the total score of the PCS could be compared across each translated version, however, caution is warranted when each subdomain of the PCS is compared between countries.SignificanceAlthough the pain catastrophizing scale has been translated into approximately 20 languages, methodological quality during their translation process has not been systematically assessed. We found that all languages versions showed sufficient internal consistency when assessing whole items, however, there were inconsistent structural models among each translated version, leading to variant subdomain structures for rumination, magnification and helplessness.
Consequences of enactment and concealment for felt authenticity: Understanding the effects of stigma through self‐distancing and motive fulfillment
Authors: Crabtree Meghan A. , Pillow David R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrounded in Motivated Identity Construction Theory and Self‐Determination Theory, two studies examined the consequences of identity enactment and concealment for motive fulfillment and explored how these mediate the negative effects of stigmatized identities on felt authenticity. Participants (Ns = 343 and 344) reported the extent to which they had enacted and/or concealed 8 to 12 of their identities in the past 3 days and evaluated their motive fulfillment and felt authenticity. Using multilevel modeling, we found that identity enactment positively predicted felt authenticity via motive satisfaction, while concealment negatively predicted authenticity via thwarted motive satisfaction. Identities were coded with respect to stigmatization in Study 2 and stigmatized identities felt relatively less authentic, with effects mediated through suppressed enactment, heightened concealment, and thwarted motives. Thus, stigmatized identities do not inherently feel less authentic, rather it is individuals’ self‐distancing behaviors that impair feelings of authenticity for a stigmatized identity.
An extended and unified modeling framework for benchmark dose estimation for both continuous and binary data
Authors: Aerts Marc , Wheeler Matthew W. , Abrahantes José Cortiñas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtection and safety authorities recommend the use of model averaging to determine the benchmark dose approach as a scientifically more advanced method compared with the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level approach for obtaining a reference point and deriving health‐based guidance values. Model averaging however highly depends on the set of candidate dose–response models and such a set should be rich enough to ensure that a well‐fitting model is included. The currently applied set of candidate models for continuous endpoints is typically limited to two models, the exponential and Hill model, and differs completely from the richer set of candidate models currently used for binary endpoints. The objective of this article is to propose a general and wide framework of dose response models, which can be applied both to continuous and binary endpoints and covers the current models for both type of endpoints. In combination with the bootstrap, this framework offers a unified approach to benchmark dose estimation. The methodology is illustrated using two data sets, one with a continuous and another with a binary endpoint.
Moment‐based boundary conditions for straight on‐grid boundaries in three‐dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations
Authors: Krastins Ivars , Kao Andrew , Pericleous Koulis , Reis Timothy 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this article, moment‐based boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann method are extended to three dimensions. Boundary conditions for velocity and pressure are explicitly derived for straight on‐grid boundaries for the D3Q19 lattice. The method is compared against the bounce‐back scheme using both single and two relaxation time collision schemes. The method is verified using classical benchmark test cases. The results show very good agreement with the data found in the literature. It is confirmed from the results that the derived moment‐based boundary scheme is of second‐order accuracy in grid spacing and does not produce numerical slip, and therefore offers a transparent way of accurately prescribing velocity and pressure boundaries that are aligned with grid points in three‐dimensional.
Intercomparison of boundary schemes in Lattice Boltzmann method for flow simulation in porous media
Authors: Chen Yilin , Jin Guangqiu , Zhang Pei , Galindo‐Torres S. A. , Scheuermann Alexander , Li Ling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Lattice Boltzmann method has been widely adopted to simulate flow in porous media. The choice of appropriate boundary schemes is essential to achieve simulation accuracy; however, the criteria for the most suitable boundary treatment in the simulation of flow in porous media flow remain unresolved. Here, three types of the most commonly used boundary conditions are tested: interpolation bounce back (IBB), partial saturated method (PSM), and immersed boundary method (IBM). The dimensionless drag of face‐centered cubic (FCC) sphere array and the dimensionless permeability of a random closely packed (RCP) sphere array are calculated and compared at different viscosities and resolutions. In the FCC sphere array case where spheres are not contacted, the IBB and PSM exhibit the same accuracy and both are of the second‐order convergence rate. The IBM is less accurate and is of the first‐order convergence rate. In the RCP sphere array case where the spheres are contacted, the IBB shows finer results and a second‐order convergence rate. PSM underestimates the dimensionless permeability and increases resolution only slightly improved the results of PSM. The IBM overestimates the dimensionless permeability. These results indicate that among the three methods, the IBB is the most accurate. The PSM has the same accuracy as the IBB when sediments are not contacted; however, it loses its accuracy in the simulation of flow in closely packed porous media. This work could serve as a benchmark for further research in choosing the most appropriate method in the simulation of flow in porous media.
Application of essential oils and polyphenols as natural antimicrobial agents in postharvest treatments: Advances and challenges
Authors: Aguilar‐Veloz Laura Maryoris , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat , Vázquez González Yuliana , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of natural antimicrobial agents is an attractive ecological alternative to the synthetic fungicides applied to control pathogens during postharvest. In order to improve industrial production systems, postharvest research has evolved toward integration with science and technology aspects. Thus, the present review aims to draw attention to the achieved advances and challenges must be overcome, to promote application of essential oils and polyphenols as antimicrobial agents, against phytopathogens and foodborne microorganisms during postharvest. Besides that, it attempts to highlight the use of coating and encapsulation techniques as emerging methods that improve their effectiveness. The integral knowledge about the vegetable systems, molecular mechanisms of pathogens and mechanisms of these substances would ensure more efficient in vitro and in vivo experiences. Finally, the cost‐benefit, toxicity, and ecotoxicity evaluation will be guaranteed the successful implementation and commercialization of these technologies, as a sustainable alternative to minimize production losses of vegetable commodities.
Evaluation of ultrasound technology to break seed dormancy of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)
Authors: Babaei‐Ghaghelestany Ali , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , MacGregor Dana R. , Khatami Seyedeh Assieh , Hasani Nasab Farzaneh Rafat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough seed dormancy is advantageous for annual plants in the wild, unsynchronized germination in the laboratory leads to increased error in measurements. Therefore, techniques to promote and synchronize germination are routinely used. Ultrasound is one of the newest methods for breaking dormancy in weed seeds. We have investigated whether ultrasonic waves can be used to break seed dormancy of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), a highly competitive annual weed that leads to significant reduction of yields of corn, soybeans, and sugar beets. Ultrasonic waves with frequency of 35 kH were applied for 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 30 min using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the use of ultrasound waves generally enhanced the traits under investigation in the treated samples compared with the control sample. The maximum enhancement of germination percentage (180%), seedling dry weight (78%), and seedling vigor index I (271%) and II (392%) was seen in the common lambsquarters samples treated with ultrasound for 15 min and seedling length (40%) at 30 min compared with the control samples. Radical lengths were not statistically different from controls under any treatment and plumule length only increased marginally. These changes are reflected in seedling vigor index I and II measurements. For some of these traits, increasing the length of ultrasound treatment to 30 min had negative effects. These results demonstrate that ultrasound technology can be used as a quick, and efficient nondestructive method to break seed dormancy in common lambsquarters.
Neuroglial transmitophagy and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Morales Ingrid , Sanchez Alberto , Puertas‐Avendaño Ricardo , Rodriguez‐Sabate Clara , Perez‐Barreto Adrian , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitophagy is essential for the health of dopaminergic neurons because mitochondrial damage is a keystone of Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present work was to study the degradation of mitochondria in the degenerating dopaminergic synapse. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats and YFP‐Mito‐DAn mice with fluorescent mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons were injected in the lateral ventricles with 6‐hydroxydopamine, a toxic that inhibits the mitochondrial chain of dopaminergic neurons and blockades the axonal transport. Dopaminergic terminals closest to the lateral ventricle showed an axonal fragmentation and an accumulation of damaged mitochondria in 2–9 μ saccular structures (spheroids). Damaged mitochondria accumulated in spheroids initiated (showing high Pink1, parkin, ubiquitin, p‐S65‐Ubi, AMBRA1, and BCL2L13 immunoreactivity and developing autophagosomes) but did not complete (mitochondria were not polyubiquitinated, autophagosomes had no STX17, and no lysosomes were found in spheroids) the mitophagy process. Then, spheroids were penetrated by astrocytic processes and DAergic mitochondria were transferred to astrocytes where they were polyubiquitinated (UbiK63+) and linked to mature autophagosomes (STX17+) which became autophagolysosomes (Lamp1/Lamp2 which co‐localized with LC3). Present data provide evidence that the mitophagy of degenerating dopaminergic terminals starts in the dopaminergic spheroids and finishes in the surrounding astrocytes (spheroid‐mediated transmitophagy). The neuron‐astrocyte transmitophagy could be critical for preventing the release of damaged mitochondria to the extracellular medium and the neuro‐inflammatory activity which characterizes Parkinson's disease.
Sensory‐motor network topology in multiple sclerosis: Structural connectivity analysis accounting for intrinsic density discrepancy
Authors: Schiavi Simona , Petracca Maria , Battocchio Matteo , El Mendili Mohamed M. , Paduri Swetha , Fleysher Lazar , Inglese Matilde , Daducci Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraph theory and network modelling have been previously applied to characterize motor network structural topology in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, between‐group differences disclosed by graph analysis might be primarily driven by discrepancy in density, which is likely to be reduced in pathologic conditions as a consequence of macroscopic damage and fibre loss that may result in less streamlines properly traced. In this work, we employed the convex optimization modelling for microstructure informed tractography (COMMIT) framework, which, given a tractogram, estimates the actual contribution (or weight) of each streamline in order to optimally explain the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging signal, filtering out those that are implausible or not necessary. Then, we analysed the topology of this ‘COMMIT‐weighted sensory‐motor network’ in MS accounting for network density. By comparing with standard connectivity analysis, we also tested if abnormalities in network topology are still identifiable when focusing on more ‘quantitative’ network properties. We found that topology differences identified with standard tractography in MS seem to be mainly driven by density, which, in turn, is strongly influenced by the presence of lesions. We were able to identify a significant difference in density but also in network global and local properties when accounting for density discrepancy. Therefore, we believe that COMMIT may help characterize the structural organization in pathological conditions, allowing a fair comparison of connectomes which considers discrepancies in network density. Moreover, discrepancy‐corrected network properties are clinically meaningful and may help guide prognosis assessment and treatment choice.
Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus and Epstein‐Bar virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Verma Nipun , Patel Suchit , Osborn Virginia , McBride Sean , Riaz Nadeem , Lee Anna , Katabi Nora , Sherman Eric , Lee Nancy Y. , Tsai Chiaojung J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical significance of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear.MethodsThree hundred and forty three patients with NPC diagnosed between 1998 and 2017 and treated at our institution were included. Chi‐square was used to identify characteristics associated with viral status. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS) and Cox proportional regression was used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsPatients with HPV‐associated NPC were more likely to have a positive smoking history and to present at a higher T classification. At a median follow‐up time of 59.9 months (range: 0.1‐222.4 months), there were no differences in OS (P = .198), time to local failure (LF, P = .403), or time to distant metastasis (DM, P = .849) between the viral subgroups. Older age (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.242, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.374‐3.659, P = .001) and higher overall stage (HR: 2.047, 95% CI 1.235‐3.391, P = .005) were prognostic for worse OS.ConclusionIn our population, viral status was not prognostic for OS, LF, or DM.
Alanine Aminotransferase and Gamma‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase Predict Histologic Improvement in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Newton Kimberly P. , Lavine Joel E. , Wilson Laura , Behling Cynthia , Vos Miriam B. , Molleston Jean P. , Rosenthal Philip , Miloh Tamir , Fishbein Mark H. , Jain Ajay K. , Murray Karen F. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. ,   for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN)
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Predictive, noninvasive tools are needed to monitor key features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children that relate to improvement in liver histology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between liver chemistries and liver histology using data from the CyNCh (Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed‐Release for the Treatment of NAFLD in Children) clinical trial.

Approach and Results
This study included 146 children. Improvement in liver histology, defined as decrease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score ≥2 points without worsening of fibrosis, occurred in 43 participants (30%). There were 46 participants with borderline zone 1 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) at baseline, with resolution in 28% (12 of 46). Multivariate models were constructed using baseline and change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 52 weeks, for improvement in (1) liver histology primary outcome, (2) borderline zone 1 NASH, and (3) fibrosis. For improvement in histology, the model (P < 0.0001) retained baseline and change in GGT (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71‐0.87). For borderline zone 1 NASH, the model (P = 0.0004) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.93). For fibrosis, the model (P < 0.001) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.93). Additional clinical parameters were added to the models using Akaike’s information criterion selection, and significantly boosted performance: improvement in histology with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82‐0.95), borderline zone 1 NASH with AUROC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83‐0.99), and fibrosis with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82‐0.94). Models were validated using data from the TONIC (Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children) trial.

Conclusions
In children with NAFLD, dynamic changes in serum ALT and GGT are associated with change in liver histology and appear to be powerful indicators of histological response.
Impact of Hall and Ion effects on MHD couple stress nanofluid flow through an inclined channel subjected to convective, hydraulic slip, heat generation, and thermal radiation
Authors: Roja A. , Gireesha B. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis project mainly concentrates on the numerical investigation of the Hall and Ion impact on couple stress nanofluid flow through an inclined microchannel considering the hydraulic slip and convective boundary conditions in the presence of radiative heat flux. The analysis has been made via assuming that the fluid is incompressible, electrically conducting, and viscous. The parameters of couple stress, convection, and heat generation have been employed. Different water‐based nanofluids containing , and are taken into account. To reduce the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations, suitable nondimensional variables are applied to the governing equations. Then, this system is solved numerically utilizing the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg fourth‐fifth‐order method along with the shooting technique. Maple software was employed to get numerical solutions. The results found that the fluid velocity is retarded for larger estimations of the Hall and Ion parameter. The drag force and the Nusselt number are diminished for higher estimations of the nanoparticle volume fraction and Brinkman number, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that the nanoparticles have a maximum heat transfer rate as compared with the oxides of nanoparticles. The obtained results are compared with existing ones in a limiting case, and provide good agreement.