bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-chip metalenses based on one-dimensional gradient trench in the broadband visible
Authors: Yang Rui , Shi Yangyang , Dai Chenjie , Wan Chengwei , Wan Shuai , Li Zhongyang 
Published: September 2020

Metasurfaces are composed of flat, ultrathin subwavelength nanoantennas with strong capability in manipulating light propagation by modulations on its phase, amplitude, and polarization. For instance, the invention of two-dimensional (2D) metalenses has enabled light focusing and imaging in three-dimensional (3D) free space with miniaturized thickness and device size at a planar surface. However, such inherent form of 2D arrays and focusing functionality at 3D optical free-space limits the degree of freedom for light propagation and manipulation along a 2D planar surface and eventually the possibility of on-chip photonic system integration. Here, we theoretically study and demonstrate a new type of planar on-chip metalens, which enables light focusing and strong localization at a 2D surface. The planar on-chip architecture design is based on the one-dimensional (1D) length or width gradient trench metalens (GTM), which could yield the elaborately engineered phase shift for propagating light within the on-chip waveguide at the visible wavelength of 500 nm. By generating 1D phase arrangement at the nanoscale, a miniature on-chip metalens with

∼

3

×

0.5

µ

m

dimension could achieve light focusing on a 2D waveguide surface with the flexibility to design scalable focal lengths and ultra-high numerical aperture of up to

∼

0.99

. Additionally, GTM metalens designs could also exhibit overlapped high depth-of-focus, which consequently could behave as achromatic-like lensing at the selected focal plane. Furthermore, we manifest that the focusing functionality can also be subject to dynamically tuning and switching on-and-off with TE/TM polarization change or waveguide index alteration. We believe this new form of on-chip 1D metalens holds potential applications including on-chip light manipulation functionality of focusing and diverging, optical on-chip sensing, next-generation on-chip optical communication, signal processing as well as imaging devices, etc.
Reducing the mode-mismatch noises in atom–light interactions via optimization of the temporal waveform
Authors: Feng Xiaotian , Yu Zhifei , Chen Bing , Chen Shuying , Wu Yuan , Fan Donghui , Yuan Chun-Hua , Chen L. Q. , Ou Z. Y. , Zhang Weiping 
Published: September 2020

Atom–light interface is at the core of quantum metrology and quantum information science. Associated noises during interaction processes are always inevitable and adverse. In this paper, we perform the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a hot

Rb

87

vapor cell and demonstrate the reduction of related noises originated from mode mismatch via optimizing the temporal waveform of the input seed. By using the seed with the optimized mode, the intensity fluctuation of the signal field generated in atom–light interaction is decreased by 4.3 dB. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the intensity difference between the signal and atomic spin wave is reduced by 3.1 dB. Such a temporal mode-cleaning method can be applied to improve the precision of atom interferometry using SRS and should be helpful for quantum information processing based on an atom–light correlated system.
(Des)encontros da extensão universitária com a educação popular na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Authors: Cunha Ana Luiza Salgado , Montrone Aida Victoria Garcia , Costa Glauber Barros Alves 
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva descrever e compreender experiências extensionistas e seus (des)encontros com a Educação Popular numa Universidade pública, sob a ótica de coordenadoras(es) de projetos extensionistas. Constituiu-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo-descritivo, para a qual utilizamos revisão documental e bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Dialogamos com coordenadoras(es) por meio de entrevistas analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo. Um dos mais expressivos resultados obtidos foi a constatação de que experiência na Extensão Universitária pode promover espaços formativos na Universidade. Ainda, os resultados apontam uma complexidade de definições de Extensão, resultado do processo histórico-social e indicam a Educação Popular como práxis educativa que legitima saberes do povo. Foi possível apreender processos educativos consolidados nas práxis extensionistas, como a busca por outras concepções de mundo, de saber e de viver, bem como a resistência dentro de uma lógica universitária dominante, problematizando para que(m) serve a Universidade.
Tafsir Atas Budaya Khatm Al-Qur’ān Di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Pandanaran Yogyakarta
Authors: Purwanto Tinggal 
Published: September 2020

This article reveals the phenomenon of Khatm Al-Qur’ān culture in Pondok Pesantren Sunan Pandanaran (PPSPA) Yogyakarta. The author examines how Al-Qur’an’s Khatm culture is in PPSPA, what are the variations, as well as how the usage of Al-Qur’an’s Khatm by the PPSPA community. This article is to find that Al-Qur’an Khatm is not only a complete activity to read al-Qur’an by the Muslim community. Khatm Al-Qur’ān in its development is done with various varians and different purposes so it is interesting to be examined more deeply. With the perspective of cultural interpretation, the use and understanding of the Muslim community towards the Qur’an Khatm is varied. This diversity looks at the cultural behavior of its community can be interpreted with its various dimensions: spiritual dimension, individual dimension, and social dimension.
Efecto del fertilizante orgánico y mineral en rendimiento de caña panelera en Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Volverás-Mambuscay Belisario , González-Chavarro Carlos Felipe , Huertas Bellanid , Kopp-Sanabria Eugenio , Ramírez-Durán Julio 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. Colombia es el segundo productor de panela o azúcar no centrifugada (ANC) en el mundo, después de la India. En 2016, el departamento de Nariño tuvo un área en caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) para panela o ANC cosechada de 10 533 ha y un rendimiento promedio de 7,67 t ha-1 para un 6,35 % de la producción total de panela o ANC en el país. Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de fertilizante orgánico y mineral sobre el rendimiento en caña de azúcar para producción de panela o ANC en su primer ciclo de producción. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se efectuó entre los meses de noviembre de 2008 a marzo de 2010 en la vereda Villa Inés, Consacá, Nariño; se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, considerando sistemas de siembra estaca continúa (SEC) y espaciado (SE) niveles de N-P-K ajustados según análisis de suelo, con fuentes químicas (FQ) y orgánicas (FO). Se evaluó rendimiento en caña y panela o ANC y azúcares reductores y fosfatos. Resultados. Los tratamientos (T3) SEC-FQ con 168,20 TCH, (T1) SEC-FA con 167,07 TCH y (T5) SE-AO con 167 TCH presentaron el mayor rendimiento de caña con respecto a los demás tratamientos, y fueron significativamente diferentes al tratamiento del testigo (T9). En panela o ANC, el mejor tratamiento fue (T6) SE-FQ (12,1 % de conversión y 18,78 t ha-1). El mayor valor de azúcares reductores lo mostró (T8) SE-FA con 13,2 %, mientras en fosfatos fue (T9) SEC y SE-SF (753 ppm), y SEC-AO (706 ppm). Con 1500 kg ha-1 de abono orgánico comercial se obtuvo rendimientos de caña por arriba de 100 t ha-1 y rendimientos de panela o ANC de 15 y 17 t ha-1 en SEC y SE respectivamente, similares a los alcanzados con fertilización química. En la fertilización química, con la mezcla de fuentes se redujo el uso de nitrógeno en 42 % y de fósforo en 18 %, con rendimiento de caña 44 % superior al promedio regional y de panela 20 % superior al testigo. Conclusión. Fue posible reducir y suplir algunos nutrientes de síntesis química sin afectar el rendimiento de caña y panela o ANC.
Estado actual de la investigación para el cultivo de guayaba en Colombia
Authors: Aguilera-Arango Germán Andrés , Rodríguez-Henao Eberto , Chaparro-Zambrano Hans Nicolás , Orduz-Rodríguez Javier Orlando 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) es considerada una fruta de importancia comercial en más de sesenta países, la cual se utiliza en la agroindustria y consumo en fresco, debido a sus propiedades nutraceúticas, ya que se considera una fuente importante de vitamina C, mejorando así la salud de los consumidores. Objetivo. Determinar el estado actual de la investigación para el cultivo de la guayaba en Colombia. Desarrollo. El cultivo de guayaba en Colombia presenta rendimiento inadecuado en las diferentes regiones productoras, debido principalmente al desconocimiento por parte de los productores y al uso de tecnologías que no son adecuadas para la producción intensiva. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una serie de ofertas tecnológicas que pueden ser implementadas para abordar las principales limitantes del cultivo, logrando como resultado mejorar la producción de guayaba de manera rentable y ambientalmente sostenible. Conclusiones. Las recomendaciones técnicas y las ofertas tecnológicas relacionadas con el uso de variedades mejoradas y manejo agronómico y sanitario del cultivo de guayaba, podrían ser implementadas por los productores, para posicionar a Colombia como un referente internacional para abastecer los mercados internos y de exportación.
Identificación de patotipos de Escherichia coli en carne molida de expendios de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Authors: Cardona-López M. A. , Padilla-Frausto J.J. , Madriz-Elisondo A. L. , Hinojosa-Dávalos J. , Navarro-Villarruel C. L. , Varela-Hernández J. J. , Ibarra Velázquez L. M. 
Published: September 2020

Según el Consejo Mexicano de la Carne, en el 2017, la producción nacional de carne de bovino fue de 1.915 millones de toneladas. La carne molida de bovino se ha visto implicada en numerosos brotes de enfermedad desde 1982, particularmente causados por patotipos de Escherichia coli. Durante los meses de marzo a noviembre del 2014, se analizaron 100 muestras de carne de bovino molida, obtenida de carnicerías de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, con el objetivo de aislar e identificar patotípos de Escherichia coli. Para tal efecto, se empleó el método propuesto por la Food and Drug Administration. La identificación de los patotipos fue mediante la amplificación de genes que codifican para factores de virulencia, mediante PCR multiplex. Se aislaron 76 cepas sospechosas para Escherichia coli, de 16 muestras. Solo 72.36 % (55/76) de las cepas presuntivas para Escherichia coli amplificaron el gen gadA/B, lo que confirma el género y especie. El 7.27 % (4/55) mostraron el gen aggR propio de EAEC y el 41.18 % (23/55) el gen elt que codifican para la toxina termolábil de ETEC. Es evidente el riesgo potencial que implica el consumo de carne molida de establecimientos de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Fosil polen analizlerinde kullanılan antropojenik göstergelerin değerlendirilmesi ve arazi kullanım şekilleri
Authors: ÖREN Aziz 
Published: September 2020

Paleocoğrafya araştırmalarında geçmişteki insan faaliyetleri ve insanın ortam üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Göl ve bataklık sedimanlarından elde edilen fosil polen verileri arazi üzerindeki insan faaliyetlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan en yaygın dolaylı kayıtlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada fosil polen kayıtlarında insan etkisinin yorumlanmasında kullanılan ve belirli arazi kullanım şekillerini yansıtan antropojenik göstergelerin bir arada verilmesi ve bu alandaki araştırmacıların kullanımına sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için güncel polen ve fosil polen analizi çalışmalarına ait bulgular ve değerlendirmeler ve bunların farklı lokasyonlarda yer alan fosil polen analizi bulgularına uyarlanması esas alınmıştır. Tarihsel süreçte insan faaliyetlerinin farklı şekilleri belirli dönemlerde farklı bitki türlerinin dolayısıyla farklı polen birliklerinin ortaya çıkmasına ya da yayılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu polen birliklerinin fosil polen diyagramlarında kullanılması sonucunda insan etkisi ve bazı arazi kullanım şekilleri belirlenebilmektedir. Şimdiye kadar gerçekleştirilen polen çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda tarım arazileri, terk edilmiş tarım arazileri, otlatma ve tarım faaliyetlerinden etkilenen araziler, doğal ormanların tahrip edildiği araziler olmak üzere dört farklı arazi kullanım şekli ve bu arazileri işaret eden en yaygın antropojenik göstergeler belirlenmiştir.
La renovació pedagògica a la postguerra en Catalunya (1950-1980)
Authors: Monés i Pujol-Busquets Jordi 
Published: September 2020

Jordi Monés, el máis cregut analista de la historia educativa contemporánea de Catalunya, presenta l’escenario educatiu catalán dels pasados anys sesenta i setanta; un escenario on, malgrat de totes les limitacións introduïdes pel franquisme, es construïa con peces procedents dels impulsos del movement de l’Escola Nova i de la pròpia memòria republicana, el que aviat iría ser la Nova Escola Pública Catalana.
Raquel Vázquez Ramil (2012). Mujeres y educación en la España contemporánea. La Institución Libre de Enseñanza y la Residencia de Señoritas de Madrid
Authors: Cotelo Guerra Dolores 
Published: September 2020

Recensión do libro do que é autora Raquel Vázquez Ramil e que leva por título Mujeres y educación en la España contemporánea. La Institución Libre de Enseñanza y la Residencia de Señoritas de Madrid.
Raimundo Cuesta Fernández, Enrique Díez Gutiérrez, Juan Mainer Baqué & Julio Mateos Montero (2011). Reformas y modos de educación en España: entre la tradición liberal y la tecnocracia
Authors: Terrón Bañuelos Aida 
Published: September 2020

Reseña de la separata del número 11 (2011) de la Revista Andorra de la que son autores Raimundo Cuesta Fernández, Enrique Diez Gutiérrez, Juan Mainer Baqué y Julio Mateos Montero, que lleva por título "Reformas y modos de educación en España: entre la tradición liberal y la tecnocracia".
Brief Analysis of Legal Conflicts and Countermeasures in Enterprise Marketing Activities
Authors: Xu Jicheng 
Published: September 2020

<p>The marketing activity is a very important link in the enterprise management. To a certain extent, it also determines the survival and development of an enterprise. Some legal problems in marketing activities often cause inevitable losses to enterprises. Clarifying and avoiding possible legal problems in each link of marketing activities can reduce many unnecessary losses of enterprises and enhance their competitiveness in the market. This paper analyzes the legal conflicts that may exist in the marketing activities of enterprises and puts forward countermeasures to make enterprises improve their market competitiveness and status with better legal awareness and different marketing strategies.</p>
TÜRKİYE’DE DEĞİŞEN MADUN SİYASETİ VE AK PARTİ’NİN İKTİDAR OLUŞUNA İLİŞKİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Gürbüz 
Published: September 2020

“Madun” kavramı, toplumdaki göçmen, gecekonducu, işsiz, evsiz, işportacı gibi alt kesimleri içine almaktadır. Bu kesimlere yönelik birçok çalışmanın yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bunlar arasında, özellikle Asef Bayat’ın İran özelinde yaptığı çalışmalar ilgi çekmektedir. Bayat’ın görüşleri, Türkiye’de de kendisini göstermiş ve madun siyasetinin farklı görünümleri 1990’ların ortasına kadar sürmüştür.
Bayat’ın ifadesiyle, tek amaçları hayata tutunabilmek olan madunların, siyasetten doğrudan hiçbir beklentileri bulunmamaktadır. Ancak bu ruh hali, 1990’larda belediyelerde iktidar olmaya başlayan Refah Partisi’nin sosyal belediyecilik uygulamalarının etkisiyle değişmeye başlamıştır. Yeni süreç, Türkiye’de siyaseti derinden etkileyecek şekilde, madunları doğrudan siyasete yöneltmiş ve onları dikkate alanların seçim kazandığı bir dönem başlatmıştır. Sonuçta, siyasete damgasını vurmaya başlayan madun kesimler, kendilerine yönelik politikaları önceleyen AK Parti’yi iktidar yapmış ve bu iktidarın uzun yıllar devamını sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de değişen madun siyaseti ve madunların AK Parti’sin iktidar olma süreciyle ilişkisi ele alınacaktır. Bu çerçevede; öncelikle Türkiye’de madunlar ve madun siyaseti ortaya konulacaktır. Sonrasında, madunların değişen siyaseti ve bunu hazırlayan ortam aktarılacaktır. Nihayetinde ise, bu değişimin, madunlara yönelik politikaları öne çıkaran AK Parti’yi iktidar yapma ve iktidarda tutma süreci değerlendirilecektir.
Intermediate to Long-Term Follow-up of Cementing Liners into Well-Fixed Acetabular Components
Authors: Bedard Nicholas A. , Tetreault Matthew W. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Lewallen David G. , Trousdale Robert T. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The cementation of a new liner into a well-fixed acetabular component is common during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for many indications, but most commonly for lack of a modern, compatible, highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liner. However, little is known about the intermediate-term to long-term durability of this strategy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implant survivorship, risk of complications, clinical outcomes, and radiographic results of cementing a new HXLPE liner into a well-fixed acetabular component.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 323 revision THAs in which a nonconstrained HXLPE liner was cemented into a well-fixed acetabular component. The mean age at the time of the revision THA was 63 years, and 50% of patients were female. The most common indications for revision THA were polyethylene wear and osteolysis (48%), aseptic femoral loosening (35%), and hip instability (8%). The mean follow-up was 9 years.

Results:
Polyethylene liner failure occurred in 11 cases (3%). In all cases, the cemented liner dissociated from the acetabular component. At 10 years, the survivorship free from any revision was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75% to 84%) and the survivorship free from any reoperation was 77% (95% CI, 72% to 82%). The most common reason for re-revision was dislocation (45% of reoperations). A dislocation occurred in 17% of cases. Hips that underwent revision for instability were significantly more likely to dislocate compared with hips that underwent revision for liner wear (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3 [95% CI, 1.2 to 4.5]; p = 0.02). Elevated rim or face-changing liners were significantly more likely to dissociate than flat liners (HR, 9.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 70.6]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Cementation of a nonconstrained HXLPE liner into a well-fixed acetabular component during revision THA provided durable fixation with only a small number of failures at the cement interface (3%). Instability after this procedure remains a concern, but this is multifactorial in nature. These data support the continued use of this technique, when necessary, during revision THA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Universal Testing for COVID-19 in Essential Orthopaedic Surgery Reveals a High Percentage of Asymptomatic Infections
Authors: Gruskay Jordan A. , Dvorzhinskiy Aleksey , Konnaris Maxwell A. , LeBrun Drake G. , Ghahramani Gregory C. , Premkumar Ajay , DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Mendias Christopher L. , Ricci William M. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The long incubation period and asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 present considerable challenges for health-care institutions. The identification of infected individuals is vital to prevent the spread of illness to staff and other patients as well as to identify those who may be at risk for disease-related complications. This is particularly relevant with the resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery around the world. We report the results of a universal testing protocol for COVID-19 in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery during the coronavirus pandemic and to describe the postoperative course of asymptomatic patients who were positive for COVID-19.

Methods:
A retrospective review of adult operative cases between March 25, 2020, and April 24, 2020, at an orthopaedic specialty hospital in New York City was performed. Initially, a screening questionnaire consisting of relevant signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, shortness of breath) or exposure dictated the need for nasopharyngeal swab real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for all admitted patients. An institutional policy change occurred on April 5, 2020, that indicated nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR testing for all orthopaedic admissions. Screening and testing data for COVID-19 as well as relevant imaging, laboratory values, and postoperative complications were reviewed for all patients.

Results:
From April 5, 2020, to April 24, 2020, 99 patients underwent routine nasopharyngeal swab testing for COVID-19 prior to their planned orthopaedic surgical procedure. Of the 12.1% of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, 58.3% were asymptomatic. Three asymptomatic patients developed postoperative hypoxia, with 2 requiring intubation. The negative predictive value of using the signs and symptoms of disease to predict a negative test result was 91.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.0% to 97.1%). Including a positive chest radiographic finding as a screening criterion did not improve the negative predictive value of screening (92.5% [95% CI, 81.8% to 97.9%]).

Conclusions:
A protocol for universal testing of all orthopaedic surgery admissions at 1 hospital in New York City during a 3-week period revealed a high rate of COVID-19 infections. Importantly, the majority of these patients were asymptomatic. Using chest radiography did not significantly improve the negative predictive value of screening. These results have important implications as hospitals anticipate the resumption of elective surgical procedures.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.