bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness in everyday life: between- and within-person relationships to motivational conflicts
Authors: Senker Kerstin , Fries Stefan , Grund Axel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMindfulness has shown beneficial relationships with well-being and self-regulation. We aim to improve the understanding of the effects of between- and within-person differences in mindfulness when dealing with situations of motivational conflict. For this purpose, we conducted an experience sampling study with 56 university students who replied to a total of N = 1889 short questionnaires, which they received via their smartphones over a period of eight consecutive days. In addition to a state mindfulness questionnaire with the facets presence and non-judgment (focusing attention on the experience of the current action and a momentary non-judgmental stance towards these, respectively), the participants received questions about their current affective well-being and perceived intensity of want or should conflict experiences. Multi-level analyses revealed that want conflicts were predicted by both state mindfulness facets, even after momentary affect was controlled. In addition, to be non-judgmental (as a trait), and having momentary presence (as a state), related to lower intensity of should conflicts. The results suggest that being mindful might be a particularly beneficial way of dealing with daily motivational conflicts, which is an essential and frequent task of self-regulation.
Immunomodulation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kessler Elise L. , Oerlemans Martinus I.F.J. , van den Hoogen Patricia , Yap Carmen , Sluijter Joost P.G. , de Jager Saskia C.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe heart failure (HF) epidemic is growing and approximately half of the HF patients have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome, characterized by a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%) with diastolic dysfunction, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Underlying comorbidities of HFpEF, i.e., hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and renal failure, lead to a systemic pro-inflammatory state, thereby affecting normal cardiac function. Increased inflammatory biomarkers predict incident HFpEF and are higher in patients with HFpEF as compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Randomized trials in HFpEF patients using traditional HF medication failed to demonstrate a clear benefit on hard endpoints (mortality and/or HF hospitalization). Therefore, therapies targeting underlying comorbidities and systemic inflammation in early HFpEF may provide better opportunities. Here, we provide an overview of the current state and future perspectives of immunomodulatory therapies for HFpEF.
Mapping the epigenetic modifications of DNA and RNA
Authors: Zhao Lin-Yong , Song Jinghui , Liu Yibin , Song Chun-Xiao , Yi Chengqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA, respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA modifications has lead to the cutting-edged fields of epigenomics and epitranscriptomics. Developing chemical and biological tools to detect specific modifications in the genome or transcriptome has greatly facilitated their study. Here, we review the recent technological advances in this rapidly evolving field. We focus on high-throughput detection methods and biological findings for these modifications, and discuss questions to be addressed as well. We also summarize third-generation sequencing methods, which enable long-read and single-molecule sequencing of DNA and RNA modification.
A guide to Monte Carlo simulation concepts for assessment of risk-return profiles for regulatory purposes
Authors: Graf Stefan , Korn Ralf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious regulatory initiatives (such as the pan-European PRIIP-regulation or the German chance-risk classification for state subsidized pension products) have been introduced that require product providers to assess and disclose the risk-return profile of their issued products by means of a key information document. We will in this context outline a concept for a (forward-looking) simulation-based approach and highlight its application and advantages. For reasons of comparison, we further illustrate the performance of approximation methods based on a projection of observed returns into the future such as the Cornish–Fisher expansion or bootstrap methods.
Confidence intervals for Markov chain transition probabilities based on next generation sequencing reads data
Authors: Wan Lin , Kang Xin , Ren Jie , Sun Fengzhu 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMarkov chains (MC) have been widely used to model molecular sequences. The estimations of MC transition matrix and confidence intervals of the transition probabilities from long sequence data have been intensively studied in the past decades. In next generation sequencing (NGS), a large amount of short reads are generated. These short reads can overlap and some regions of the genome may not be sequenced resulting in a new type of data. Based on NGS data, the transition probabilities of MC can be estimated by moment estimators. However, the classical asymptotic distribution theory for MC transition probability estimators based on long sequences is no longer valid.MethodsIn this study, we present the asymptotic distributions of several statistics related to MC based on NGS data. We show that, after scaling by the effective coverage d defined in a previous study by the authors, these statistics based on NGS data approximate to the same distributions as the corresponding statistics for long sequences.ResultsWe apply the asymptotic properties of these statistics for finding the theoretical confidence regions for MC transition probabilities based on NGS short reads data. We validate our theoretical confidence intervals using both simulated data and real data sets, and compare the results with those by the parametric bootstrap method.ConclusionsWe find that the asymptotic distributions of these statistics and the theoretical confidence intervals of transition probabilities based on NGS data given in this study are highly accurate, providing a powerful tool for NGS data analysis.
Trait mindfulness differentiates the interest in healthy diet from orthorexia nervosa
Authors: Strahler J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Obsessive healthy eating and its extreme form orthorexia nervosa are epidemiologically significant problems. Mindfulness, the focused, non-judgmental attention to and awareness of present events, may be an important psychological contributor to (orthorexic) eating habits.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 314 women and 75 men (mean agetotal sample = 27.17 years, SD = 10.64) provided data on mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, presence and acceptance subscale) and orthorexic eating (Teruel Orthorexia Scale, healthy orthorexia and orthorexia nervosa subscale).

Results
In this study, we found a positive relation between mindfulness and healthy orthorexia, the non-pathological interest in eating healthy. By contrast, orthorexia nervosa, the pathological obsession with healthy eating, was negatively associated with mindfulness. Gender differences appeared neglectable.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results confirm previous research showing that mindfulness encourages eating healthy and may protect against eating-related pathologies. Result also support the notion that orthorexia has two dimensions, healthy and nervosa, which are differently related to psychological factors, herein mindfulness.

Level of evidence
Level III, cohort study.
Teachers and Mindful Colouring to Tackle Burnout and Increase Mindfulness, Resiliency and Wellbeing
Authors: Czerwinski Natasha , Egan Helen , Cook Amy , Mantzios Michail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of teachers leaving the profession continues to increase at a worrying rate. Factors contributing to this include burnout, heightened levels of stress, anxiety and depression. The current study tested whether the use of mindful colouring would translate to improvements in wellbeing. Teachers from the UK (n = 35) were randomly assigned to a colouring mindfulness-based intervention or waitlist group. Participants completed four scales (burnout, wellbeing, resilience and mindfulness) and participated in a 5-day intervention of daily mindfulness colouring or continued their working week as usual. Results of repeated-measures ANOVA showed statistically significant lower levels of burnout, stress, depressive symptoms and anxiety in the mindfulness colouring condition, as well as increased levels of resilience and mindfulness. Findings from the current study support the use of mindfulness colouring to significantly enhance levels of wellbeing in teachers. The study also presents an inexpensive, highly accessible and effective self-help tool for this targeted non-clinical population.
Food Safety Consciousness and Consumers’ Milk Purchasing Behavior: Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: Thapa Ganesh , Kumar Anjani , Roy Devesh , Joshi P. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the effects of food safety awareness on consumers’ milk purchasing behavior in Nepal. We conducted consumer survey and employed an instrumental variable regression. We find education, income, and social network to influence food safety consciousness (FSC). Our results indicate the positive impact of FSC on weekly milk expenditure and probability of purchasing milk from milk cooperatives. Any policy that helps to improve the FSC levels will likely increase the purchase of safe milk from the modern market outlet, and lack of such awareness raising policies has prevented the market for safe food from evolving and expanding.
Just the facts: What drugs are safe and effective for COVID-19?
Authors: Long Brit , Liang Stephen Y. , Rosenberg Hans , Hicks Christopher , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: May 2020

A 53-year-old male presents with cough, fever, and myalgias for 7 days. Vitals include temperature, 38.0°C; heart rate, 110; blood pressure, 118/70 mm Hg; respiration rate, 28; and oxygen saturation 83% on room air. His only past medical history is hypertension. Your community is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The patient is hypoxic but responds to oxygen supplementation with nasal cannula and a face mask. His chest x-ray demonstrates multifocal infiltrates. Are there any therapeutic agents currently available for COVID-19?
Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Maxam Meshell , DeRonde Kailynn J. , Vega Ana D. , Skiada Dimitra , Vu Christine A. , Salazar Veronica , Boatwright Renata , Cano-Casillas Ennie , Goodnow Venessa , Sposato Kathleen A. , Paige Peter G. , Zambrana David , Steigman Don S. , Memon Abdul M. , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health-care systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. We describe the various steps taken for the development, implementation, and dissemination of the interdisciplinary COVID-19 protocol at Jackson Health System (JHS), a complex tertiary academic health system in Miami, Florida. Recognizing the dynamic nature of COVID-19, the protocol addresses the potential investigational treatment options and considerations for special populations. The protocol also includes infection prevention and control measures and routine care for suspected or proven COVID-19 patients.
Increasing the salience of marine live–dead data in the Anthropocene
Authors: Smith Jansen A. , Dietl Gregory P. , Durham Stephen R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the climate changes and ecosystems shift toward novel combinations of species, the methods and metrics of conservation science are becoming less species-centric. To meet this growing need, marine conservation paleobiologists stand to benefit from the addition of new, taxon-free benthic indices to the live–dead analysis tool kit. These indices, which were developed to provide actionable, policy-specific data, can be applied to the readily preservable component of benthic communities (e.g., mollusks) to assess the ecological quality status of the entire community. Because these indices are taxon-free, they remain applicable even as the climate changes and novel communities develop—making them a potentially valuable complement to traditionally applied approaches for live–dead analysis, which tend to focus on maintaining specific combinations of species under relatively stable environmental conditions. Integrating geohistorical data with these established indices has potential to increase the salience of the live–dead approach in the eyes of resource managers and other stakeholders.
Elucidating negative symptoms in the daily life of individuals in the early stages of psychosis
Authors: Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Myin-Germeys Inez , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Kempton Matthew J. , Valmaggia Lucia , McGuire Philip , Murray Robin M. , Garety Philippa , Wykes Til , Morgan Craig , Kasanova Zuzana , Reininghaus Ulrich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt remains poorly understood how negative symptoms are experienced in the daily lives of individuals in the early stages of psychosis. We aimed to investigate whether altered affective experience, anhedonia, social anhedonia, and asociality were more pronounced in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) and individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) than in controls.MethodsWe used the experience sampling methodology (ESM) to assess negative symptoms, as they occurred in the daily life of 51 individuals with FEP and 46 ARMS, compared with 53 controls.ResultsMultilevel linear regression analyses showed no overall evidence for a blunting of affective experience. There was some evidence for anhedonia in FEP but not in ARMS, as shown by a smaller increase of positive affect (BΔat−risk v. FEP = 0.08, p = 0.006) as the pleasantness of activities increased. Against our expectations, no evidence was found for greater social anhedonia in any group. FEP were more often alone (57%) than ARMS (38%) and controls (35%) but appraisals of the social situation did not point to asociality.ConclusionsOverall, altered affective experience, anhedonia, social anhedonia and asociality seem to play less of a role in the daily life of individuals in the early stages of psychosis than previously assumed. With the experience of affect and pleasure in daily life being largely intact, changing social situations and appraisals thereof should be further investigated to prevent development or deterioration of negative symptoms.
Teen childbearing and offspring internalizing symptoms: The mediating role of child maltreatment
Authors: Russotti Justin , Rogosch Fred A. , Handley Elizabeth D. , Douthit Kathryn Z. , Marquis Andre , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTeenage childbearing (age 15–19 years) represents a significant public health issue that can generate considerable deleterious, multigenerational consequences for teen-childbearing mothers and their offspring. However, few studies have examined the potential mediating mechanisms that may explain if and how teen childbearing is associated with the development of offspring psychopathology. The current study used a developmental model to test the mediating role of chronic child maltreatment in the relationship between teen childbearing and offspring internalizing symptoms in childhood and emerging adulthood. The study participants were 384 individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged, ethnically diverse backgrounds, assessed across two longitudinal waves of data (i.e., ages 10–12 and 18–20). The sample included maltreated and nonmaltreated children, all of whom were comparable in terms of family income. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test direct and indirect pathways from teen childbearing to offspring psychopathology. A multigenerational developmental cascade was found such that individuals born to mothers who began their childbearing in adolescence were more likely to experience chronic maltreatment during childhood, which in turn predicted greater internalizing symptoms throughout childhood and emerging adulthood. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, the results are discussed with regard to implications for prevention and early intervention.
Rewriting with generalized nominal unification
Authors: Kutz Yunus , Schmidt-Schauß Manfred 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider matching, rewriting, critical pairs and the Knuth–Bendix confluence test on rewrite rules in a nominal setting extended by atom-variables. We utilize atom-variables instead of atoms to formulate and rewrite rules on constrained expressions, which is an improvement of expressiveness over previous approaches. Nominal unification and nominal matching are correspondingly extended. Rewriting is performed using nominal matching, and computing critical pairs is done using nominal unification. We determine the complexity of several problems in a quantified freshness logic. In particular we show that nominal matching is
$$\prod _2^p$$
-complete. We prove that the adapted Knuth–Bendix confluence test is applicable to a nominal rewrite system with atom-variables, and thus that there is a decidable test whether confluence of the ground instance of the abstract rewrite system holds. We apply the nominal Knuth–Bendix confluence criterion to the theory of monads and compute a convergent nominal rewrite system modulo alpha-equivalence.
50 States or 50 Countries: What Did We Miss and What Do We Do Now?
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. , Devereaux Asha V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere have been multiple inconsistencies in the manner the COVID-19 pandemic has been investigated and managed by countries. Population-based management (PBM) has been inconsistent, yet serves as a necessary first step in managing public health crises. Unfortunately, these have dominated the landscape within the United States and continue as of this writing. Political and economic influences have greatly influenced major public health management and control decisions. Responsibility for global public health crises and modeling for management are the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Health Regulations Treaty (IHR). This review calls upon both to reassess their roles and responsibilities that must be markedly improved and better replicated world-wide in order to optimize the global public health protections and its PBM.“Ask a big enough question, and you need more than one discipline to answer it.”Liz Lerman, MacArthur “Genius” Fellow, Choreographer, Modern Dance legend, and 2011 Artist-in Residence, Harvard Music Department
Child marriage in armed conflict
Authors: Mazurana Dyan , Marshak Anastasia , Spears Kinsey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEradicating and addressing child marriage in situations of armed conflict requires that stakeholders increase their attention, knowledge, evidence-based protection measures, and resources in a coordinated fashion. To this end, this article examines what constitutes child marriage within the international legal framework. It then presents a concise analysis of what is known about child marriage in development contexts, before moving on to discuss the (limited) state of knowledge on child marriage in humanitarian settings, and the global response. It presents information on different married child populations, including child brides and grooms, girls forcibly married to armed actors, child widows, and child marriage within natural disasters. It concludes with ideas on the information and knowledge that is still needed to inform effective response.
A Unified Breaking Onset Criterion for Surface Gravity Water Waves in Arbitrary Depth
Authors: Derakhti Morteza , Kirby James T. , Banner Michael L. , Grilli Stephan T. , Thomson Jim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the validity and robustness of the Barthelemy et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.93) wave‐breaking onset prediction framework for surface gravity water waves in arbitrary water depth, including shallow water breaking over varying bathymetry. We show that the Barthelemy et al. (2018) breaking onset criterion, which they validated for deep and intermediate water depths, also segregates breaking crests from nonbreaking crests in shallow water, with subsequent breaking always following the exceedance of their proposed generic breaking threshold. We consider a number of representative wave types, including regular, irregular, solitary, and focused waves, shoaling over idealized bed topographies including an idealized bar geometry and a mildly to steeply sloping planar beach. Our results show that the new breaking onset criterion is capable of detecting single and multiple breaking events in time and space in arbitrary water depth. Further, we show that the new generic criterion provides improved skill for signaling imminent breaking onset, relative to the available kinematic or geometric breaking onset criteria in the literature. In particular, the new criterion is suitable for use in wave‐resolving models that cannot intrinsically detect the onset of wave breaking.
Polar Phasing and Cross‐Equatorial Heat Transfer Following a Simulated Abrupt NH Warming of a Glacial Climate
Authors: Moreno‐Chamarro E. , Ferreira D. , Marshall J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 150‐ to 220‐year lag between abrupt Greenland warming and maximum Antarctic warming characterizes past glacial Dansgaard‐Oeschger events. In a modeling study, we investigate how the cross‐equatorial oceanic heat transport (COHT) might drive this phasing during an abrupt Northern Hemisphere (NH) warming. We use the MITgcm in an idealized continental configuration with two ocean basins, one wider, one narrower, under glacial‐like conditions with sea ice reaching midlatitudes. An exaggerated eccentricity‐related solar radiation anomaly is imposed over 100 years to trigger an abrupt NH warming and sea‐ice melting. The Hadley circulation shifts northward in response, weakening the NH trade winds, subtropical cells, and COHT in both ocean basins. This induces heat convergence in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) ocean subsurface, from where upward heat release melts sea ice and warms SH high latitudes. Although the small‐basin meridional overturning circulation also weakens, driven by NH ice melting, it contributes at most one‐third to the total COHT anomaly, hence playing a subsidiary role in the SH and NH initial warming. Switching off the forcing cools the NH; yet heat release continues from the SH ocean subsurface via isopycnal advection‐diffusion and vertical mixing, driving further sea ice melting and high latitude warming for ~50–70 more years. A phasing in polar temperatures resembling reconstructions thus emerges, linked to changes in the subtropical cells’ COHT, and SH ocean heat storage and surface fluxes. Our results highlight the potential role of the atmosphere circulation and wind‐driven global ocean circulation in the NH–SH phasing seen in DO events.