bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Next Generation Mobile Communication-5G
Authors: Nandhakumar P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the upcoming years (expected 2020), 5G technology is going to deploy all around the world. Presently a lot of researches and project on the fifth generation mobile communication system are finalized and tested successfully in the research labs. Within two to three years, 5G technology is going to replace the present technology and many mobile gadgets are coming with 5G support. The main focus of this technology is to provide better spectrum utilization, ultra speed communication, QoS, etc. In this article, the comprehensive analysis of next-generation mobile communication system is provided and it includes technologies employed for 5G. This work will give a detailed investigation and discussion on the features of 5G technology.
Chronic abdominal pain and persistent opioid use after bariatric surgery
Authors: Simoni Amalie H. , Ladebo Louise , Christrup Lona L. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Johnsen Søren P. , Olesen Anne E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Bariatric surgery remains a mainstay for treatment of morbid obesity. However, long-term adverse outcomes include chronic abdominal pain and persistent opioid use. The aim of this review was to assess the existing data on prevalence, possible mechanisms, risk factors, and outcomes regarding chronic abdominal pain and persistent opioid use after bariatric surgery.

Methods
PubMed was screened for relevant literature focusing on chronic abdominal pain, persistent opioid use and pharmacokinetic alterations of opioids after bariatric surgery. Relevant papers were cross-referenced to identify publications possibly not located during the ordinary screening.

Results
Evidence regarding general chronic pain status after bariatric surgery is sparse. However, our literature review revealed that abdominal pain was the most prevalent complication to bariatric surgery, presented in 3–61% of subjects with health care contacts or readmissions 1–5 years after surgery. This could be explained by behavioral, anatomical, and/or functional disorders. Persistent opioid use and doses increased after bariatric surgery, and 4–14% initiated a persistent opioid use 1–7 years after the surgery. Persistent opioid use was associated with severe pain symptoms and was most prevalent among subjects with a lower socioeconomic status. Alteration of absorption and distribution after bariatric surgery may impact opioid effects and increase the risk of adverse events and development of addiction. Changes in absorption have been briefly investigated, but the identified alterations could not be separated from alterations caused solely by excessive weight loss, and medication formulation could influence the findings. Subjects with persistent opioid use after bariatric surgery achieved lower weight loss and less metabolic benefits from the surgery. Thus, remission from comorbidities and cost effectiveness following bariatric surgery may be limited in these subjects.

Conclusions
Pain, especially chronic abdominal, and persistent opioid use were found to be prevalent after bariatric surgery. Physiological, anatomical, and pharmacokinetic changes are likely to play a role. However, the risk factors for occurrence of chronic abdominal pain and persistent opioid use have only been scarcely examined as have the possible impact of pain and persistent opioid use on clinical outcomes, and health-care costs. This makes it difficult to design targeted preventive interventions, which can identify subjects at risk and prevent persistent opioid use after bariatric surgery. Future studies could imply pharmacokinetic-, pharmacodynamics-, and physiological-based modelling of pain treatment. More attention to social, physiologic, and psychological factors may be warranted in order to identify specific risk profiles of subjects considered for bariatric surgery in order to tailor and optimize current treatment recommendations for this population.
Loss of Chondroitin Sulfate Modification Causes Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in skt Mice
Authors: Macke Erica L , Henningsen Erika , Jessen Erik , Zumwalde Nicholas A , Landowski Michael , Western Daniel E , Lee Wei-Hua , Liu Che , Gruenke Nathan P , Doebley Anna-Lisa , Miller Samuel , Pattnaik Bikash , Ikeda Sakae , Gumperz Jenny E , Ikeda Akihiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One major aspect of the aging process is the onset of chronic, low-grade inflammation that is highly associated with age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these processes have not been fully elucidated. We have identified a spontaneous mutant mouse line, small with kinky tail (skt), that exhibits accelerated aging and age-related disease phenotypes including increased inflammation in the brain and retina, enhanced age-dependent retinal abnormalities including photoreceptor cell degeneration, neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and reduced lifespan. By positional cloning, we identified a deletion in chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (Chsy1) that is responsible for these phenotypes in skt mice. CHSY1 is a member of the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family that plays critical roles in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is attached to the core protein to form the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Consistent with this function, the Chsy1 mutation dramatically decreases chondroitin sulfate GAGs in the retina and hippocampus. In addition, macrophage and neutrophil populations appear significantly altered in the bone marrow and spleen of skt mice, suggesting an important role for CHSY1 in the functioning of these immune cell types. Thus, our study reveals a previously unidentified impact of CHSY1 in the retina and hippocampus. Specifically, chondroitin sulfate (CS) modification of proteins by CHSY1 appears critical for proper regulation of immune cells of the myeloid lineage and for maintaining the integrity of neuronal tissues, since a defect in this gene results in increased inflammation and abnormal phenotypes associated with age-related diseases.
REPRESENTATIONS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL STEREOTYPE “BACHELOR” IN MURIEL SPARK’S NOVEL “THE BACHELORS”
Authors: Teterina Liliya 
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this study is to examine representations of socio-cultural stereotype “bachelor” in Muriel Spark’s novel “The Bachelors” in the context of the national British picture of the world. Fiction text is understood here as a translator of both author’s worldview and language on the basis of which the reader can form an opinion or make a judgement about mental, behavioral, language stereotypes dominant in this or that national culture. Our main focus is on how the bachelors of the novel represent themselves in their dialogues and inner speech. Though they are fictional portrayals, the bachelor-personages of Spark’s novel correspond to stereotypes in real life. Bachelors of the novel and real life bachelors share the overriding public sentiment towards them – disapproval. They often carry with them negative overtones of immaturity, selfishness, lechery and irresponsibility. The analysis has revealed that the bachelors of the novel show some common features, but also manifest a variety of complex individual personalities. A detailed representation of bachelors’ social and psychological types with their basic characteristics, modes of behavior, habits makes the novel a live portrait gallery of British stereotype of bachelorhood.
POTENTIAL UNIFICATION IN THE FIELD OF CROSS-BORDER CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS IN THE BRICS COUNTRIES
Authors: Alimova Ya. O. 
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of regulation of cross-border contractual relations that are being developed within the BRICS countries in compliance with universal international treaties. The author has outlined the prospects and problems with which traders from BRICS countries are facing when concluding contracts. International treaties, which contain, above all, uniform substantive rules, play a great role in concluding cross-border contracts. However, all the BRICS countries are member-states to very few treaties. The author of the article has revealed that such conventions still exist, although not only in the contractual field. The article pays special attention to the peculiarities of application of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, the Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment of 2001 and, indeed, the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980 (although only three BRICS countries are involved, it can also be applied to India and South Africa).
SOME ASPECTS OF PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE STATE DEFENSE ORDER WHEN CHALLENGING BIDDING RESULTS
Authors: Slepak V. Yu. 
Published: November 2019

The article deals with some features of the systems of revision of decisions made in the compliance with the results of procurement procedures in the EU Member States in the light of the requirements of EU law. In particular, the author investigates the EU law requirements applied to bodies reviewing decisions in the context of the need to determine the balance between the principle of procedural autonomy of the European Union member States (Article 4 of the Treaty on European Union) and the principles of efficiency and equivalence (derived from jurisprudence interpreting Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union). Also, the paper analyzes the problems arising while determining the applicant’s locus standi, since an excessively narrow interpretation of the notion “interest in obtaining a relevant contract” may serve as an unreasonable restriction for the access to the procedures of reviewing and, more generally, access to justice. The author explores the issues of applying such grounds in order to exclude the procurement participant from the number of bidders on the ground of “commission of a significant violation of the rules of professional activity” in the understanding of EU restrictive measures applied to managers of the procurement participant. There may be situations when the actions of the sole executive body result in the application of restrictive measures and that may be considered as evidence of the commission of a fundamental violation of rules of professional activity; the article considers standings that both confirm this thesis and indicate an excessively broad interpretation of this rule. On the one hand, the European Court of Justice has affirmed that organs of governance, especially the sole executive bodies, have a decisive influence and effective control over business activity to such an extent that their actions can be regarded as actions of the company also with regard to issues of liability. On the other hand, restrictive measures themselves do not, by their nature, constitute a measure of liability. However, the question of whether national authorities have the right to reassess the conclusions of the EU Council with regard to challenging the bidding results remains open.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION PUBLIC POLICY INTERESTS AND INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION
Authors: Shulakov A. A. 
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the protection of the Russian Federation public policy interests in the field of intercountry adoption. It is established that strengthening of such protection entails changes in the legislation. Such changes are connected either with the super-mandatory character of already existing statutory mandatory substantive rules or with the emergence of new super-mandatory rules. In the field of intercountry adoption in Russia, this process is particularly striking. The study highlights that the general equation contained in Art. 1192 “Rules of direct application” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes two ways that allow by analogy to determine the super-mandatory nature of certain mandatory substantive rules stated in the Family Code of the Russian Federation: “by reference in the mandatory rules themselves” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is expressly determined by the legislator) or “because of their particular importance also for the protection of rights and legally protected interests” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is determined by the executor of law). It is concluded that the emergence of constitutionally significant values/public interests in the content of the mandatory substantive rule (“protection of morals, health, rights and legitimate interests of other family members and other citizens”, etc.) forms a criterion that allows the executor of the law to determine such rules as rules of over-mandatory character. Based on the analysis of international treaties of the Russian Federation on interstate cooperation in the field of adoption of children, the article defines the fundamental principles that make up the structure of intercountry adoption in the Russian Federation. It is established that the additional conditions and requirements of the state of child’s origin are included in the regulation of intercountry adoption (provisions of articles 165, 124-133 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation; provisions of bilateral treaties between Russia and European countries where more than 85% of Russian children are adopted (France, Italy, Spain)) to protect the interests of the RF public policy.
GROUNDS FOR ESTABLISHING INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL JURISDICTION IN RELATION TO CROSS-BORDER CONSUMER DISPUTES IN DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Terentyeva L. V. 
Published: November 2019

The paper examines the issues of establishing international judicial jurisdiction in relation to crossborder consumer disputes in the digital environment. To this end, the author makes a comparative analysis of the grounds for establishing judicial jurisdiction in the form of "distribution of advertising in the information and telecommunication network "Internet", aimed at attracting the attention of consumers" enshrined in art. 402 part 3 para. 2 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, and the criterion of "directed activity of the professional party to the territory of the country of residence of the consumer", provided for in EU law.The paper provides proposals for the interpretation of the grounds of jurisdiction of the Russian court, i.e. "advertising in the information and telecommunications network "Internet", aimed at attracting the attention of consumers in the territory of the Russian Federation", which should determine the use of protective judicial mechanisms in relation to the consumer from the use of an adverse judicial jurisdiction of a state, and against the employer, with the reasonable possibility of foreseeing the establishment of judicial jurisdiction of the consumer.
Situación de la Sífilis gestacional y congénita en Colombia, un desafío al Sistema general de Seguridad Social en Salud
Authors: Cruz-Aconcha Adriana Raquel 
Published: November 2019

La sífilis es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) ocasionada por el Treponema pallidum, y es considerada como un problema grave de salud pública al afectar a más de 12 millones de personas en el mundo. Se estima que más de dos millones de mujeres embarazadas se infectan con sífilis cada año en el mundo, y un número significativo de casos (692.100 a 1,53 millones) no reciben tratamiento (1). Cuando ocurre en la mujer embarazada fácilmente se transmite al feto ocasionando hasta en un 81% de los casos complicaciones que incluyen muerte fetal o neonatal temprana, prematurez, bajo peso o infección congénita (2).En Colombia, la sífilis congénita y gestacional es de notificación obligatoria, y las cifras reportadas por el Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (sivigila) son unas de las más altas en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. En el 2011 Colombia reportó 2,9 casos de sífilis congénita/1000 nacidos vivos (3), un valor que es casi seis veces mayor a la meta estipulada por la Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS) en su Plan de Eliminación de Sífilis Congénita (2, 4). El litoral pacífico colombiano aporta al país un número significativo de casos cada año, siendo el puerto de Buenaventura, en el Valle del Cauca, una de las zonas más afectadas, con un reporte en el 2010 de 141 casos de sífilis congénita de los cuales nueve terminaron en desenlace fatal (5).
Comentarios sobre el artículo “Evaluación de las técnicas de capacitación espermática y su efecto en la fragmentación del ADN”
Authors: Cardona-Maya Walter D. 
Published: November 2019

Medellín, noviembre 30 de 2012 Señor editor:Doctor Hernando Gaitán, MD, MScRespetado doctor GaitánRecientemente fue publicado en la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología un interesante artículo firmado por los profesores Luisa Calderón-Mendoza, Carlos Vivas-Ramírez y Lina De los Reyes, titulado “Evaluación de las técnicas de capacitación espermática y su efecto en la fragmentación del ADN” (1), en el cual se pretendía evaluar la fragmentación del ADN espermático después de un proceso de selección espermática. Los investigadores demuestran que tanto los espermatozoides recuperados mediante swim-up como por gradiente presentan menos fragmentación del ADN que los espermatozoides sin separar. Resultado muy valioso para la biología reproductiva y en concordancia con los resultados previos publicados por nuestro grupo, en los cuales espermatozoides de individuos fértiles e infértiles fueron separados mediante la técnica de migración/sedimentación, y se evaluó el estado del ADN mediante microscopía de fluorescencia (2) y citometría de flujo (3, 4) usando naranja de acridina.
Respuesta a: Comentarios sobre el artículo “Evaluación de las técnicas de capacitación espermática y su efecto en la fragmentación del ADN”
Authors: Calderón-Mendoza Luisa Fernanda 
Published: November 2019

Ibagué, diciembre 21 de 2012Señor editorDoctor Hernando Gaitán, MD, MScRespetado doctor GaitánAnte todo quisiera agradecerle al PhD Walter Cardona por el interés dado a la investigación y al artículo publicado, ya que con este tipo de ejercicios podemos aclarar conceptos, ofrecer mayor información y avanzar en el conocimiento de este campo de la ciencia.Teniendo en cuenta la opinión del PhD Cardona, quisiera aclarar que la capacitación espermática es un proceso en donde los espermatozoides sufren cambios moleculares que les permiten alcanzar el ovocito y posteriormente fertilizarlo (1), y que los mecanismos involucrados han sido estudiados basándose en ensayos in vitro específicamente (2), por tanto, es un proceso que puede ser simulado in vitro (3) utilizando técnicas como swim up y gradientes de densidad, así como también, medios de cultivo específicos que promuevan este proceso (4).Las dos técnicas utilizadas en la investigación tienen como función la separación de espermatozoides móviles así como su capacitación. Asimismo, se ha comprobado que el lavado y la posterior recuperación de espermatozoides están relacionados con la capacitación de los gametos masculinos (5), lo que puede significar que de manera in vitro se da la capacitación de los espermatozoides por swim up y gradientes de densidad. Es así como estas dos técnicas se aplican en laboratorios de Andrología y Embriología para tratamientos como inseminación intrauterina, FIV e ICSI (6).
Comentarios sobre el artículo “Complicaciones en 748 histerectomías por laparoscopia utilizando un manipulador uterino con resaltador vaginal”
Authors: De Los Ríos Posada José Fernando 
Published: November 2019

Medellín, diciembre 2 de 2012DoctorHernando Gaitán Duarte, MD, MScEditor Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y GinecologíaApreciado doctor Gaitán.Las complicaciones quirúrgicas se definen como cualquier alteración con respecto al curso previsto en la respuesta local o sistémica de un paciente llevado a cirugía (1).Existen múltiples clasificaciones para agrupar las complicaciones quirúrgicas pero, en la práctica, están divididas en cuatro grandes grupos, así:Complicaciones mayores, definidas como aquellas que afectan un órgano vital, que generaran transfusiones o que derivan en reintervenciones.Complicaciones menores, aquellas que no cumplen los requisitos anteriores.Complicaciones intraoperatorias: las que se presentan directamente durante el momento del acto quirúrgico.1. Complicaciones mayores, definidas como aquellas que afectan un órgano vital, que generaran transfusiones o que derivan en reintervenciones.2. Complicaciones menores, aquellas que no cumplen los requisitos anteriores.3. Complicaciones intraoperatorias: las que se presentan directamente durante el momento del acto quirúrgico.4. Complicaciones posoperatorias: aquellas que se presentan desde el momento en que el paciente es llevado a recuperación y de ahí en adelante.El número de complicaciones totales debe, por ende, ser la suma de las complicaciones mayores más las complicaciones menores si se está hablando de esa clasificación, o el resultado del total de complicaciones intraoperatorias más las posoperatorias si se decide usar la otra (2).Hemos leído con suma atención y muchísimo agrado el artículo: “Complicaciones en 748 histerectomías por laparoscopia utilizando un manipulador uterino con resaltador vaginal”, escrito por el doctor Ramiro Argüello Argüello y publicado en el número 3 del volumen 63 de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología.En dicho artículo, el doctor Argüello construye y presenta en la tabla 3 una comparación de las complicaciones en histerectomía laparoscópica tomando datos de varias series, entre ellas la nuestra, publicada en el número 4 del volumen 60 de la misma revista en el año 2009.
DA HISTÓRIA DE UMA CULTURA A UMA PRÁTICA DE PESQUISA: NOTAS SOBRE CINEFILIA E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Almansa Sandra Espinosa 
Published: November 2019

Em diálogo com os estudos éticos de Michel Foucault, este texto trata de problematizar, sob uma dada conjuntura, a experimentação cinematográfica em relação a uma atividade a qual, para além do exercício cinéfilo de tomada de atitude com o cinema por si só, possa ser pensada como impulsionadora de um exercício do sujeito para consigo mesmo. A diagonal traçada da cinefilia nessa direção é tensionada por meio dos últimos estudos de Foucault especialmente na órbita das relações entre sujeito, verdade e práticas de si: de onde se recolhe elementos para discutir, diante do gesto e da composição de práticas concretas e da experiência narrada por “amantes do cinema” (dentre os quais figuram homens e mulheres de diferentes idades e formação variada) sobre as possibilidades de constituição ética e estética, então ocasionadas. Palavras-chave: Cinefilia. Experiência do cinema. Exercício consigo. Formação.
Valores Éticos e Estéticos Relativos à Temática Ambiental e a Literatura Infantil
Authors: De Souza Débora Aparecida 
Published: November 2019

RESUMO

A partir da preocupação com a crise ambiental, a educação passou a ser vista como uma possibilidade de enfrentá-la. Nesse sentido, articulamos discussões entre ambas, com a Literatura Infantil como possibilidade a esse enfrentamento. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar o conteúdo axiológico relativo à natureza e à relação sociedade-natureza presentes em livros de Literatura Infantil. O corpus documental deste trabalho foi selecionado dos “Acervos Complementares: alfabetização e letramento nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento”, 2013/2015. Seu desenvolvimento se deu sob uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa documental. Nesta análise, uma obra nos chama a atenção, devido ao fato de o valor estético identificado desencadear o valor ético, implicando em uma concepção que se afasta do utilitarismo, pois diante de nossas preocupações com as questões de ordem ambiental, estamos buscando contribuições no sentido de melhoria nos padrões de relação da sociedade-natureza.