bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends and Outcomes in Liver Transplantation for Recipients With HIV Infection in Europe and United States
Authors: Campos-Varela Isabel , Dodge Jennifer L. , Berenguer Marina , Adam René , Samuel Didier , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Karam Vincent , Belli Luca S. , Duvoux Christophe , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: January 2020

Background.
We evaluated trends and outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) recipients with/without HIV infection.

Methods.
LT recipients between 2008 and 2015 from the United Network for Organ Sharing and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and European Liver Transplant Registry were included. Trends and characteristics related to survival among LT recipients with HIV infection were determined.

Results.
Among 73 206 LT patients, 658 (0.9%) were HIV-infected. The proportion of LT HIV-infected did not change over time (P-trend = 0.16). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) as indication for LT decreased significantly for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients (P-trends = 0.008 and <0.001). Three-year cumulative graft survival in LT recipients with and without HIV infection was 64.4% and 77.3%, respectively (P < 0.001), with improvements over time for both, but with HIV-infected patients having greater improvements (P-trends = 0.02 and 0.03). Adjusted risk of graft loss was 41% higher in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.41; P < 0.001). Among HIV-infected, model of end-stage liver disease (aHR, 1.04; P < 0.001), body mass index <21 kg/m2 (aHR, 1.61; P = 0.006), and HCV (aHR, 1.83; P < 0.001) were associated with graft loss, whereas more recent period of LT 2012–2015 (aHR, 0.58; P = 0.001) and donor with anoxic cause of death (aHR, 0.51; P = 0.007) were associated with lower risk of graft loss.

Conclusions.
Patients with HIV infection account for only 1% of LTs in United States and Europe, with fewer LT for HCV disease over time. A static rate of LT among HIV-infected patients may reflect improvements in cirrhosis management and/or persistent barriers to LT. Graft and patient survival among HIV-infected LT recipients have shown improvement over time.
Different changes in granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and its correlation with inflammatory biomarkers in patients after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Huang Xintao , Dai Yining , Ma Xiaodong , Wang Shizhou , Xu Xinjuan , Pei Xile , Li Ruilong , Wang Hongqin 
Published: January 2020

Objective
This study analyzed changes in granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its correlation with leukocyte and neutrophil counts in patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Sixty TBI patients were included retrospectively. The serum levels of G-CSF, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and peripheral leukocyte and neutrophil counts at different time points were measured and analyzed, and the 6-month functional outcomes were monitored.

Results
The levels of G-CSF in mild and moderate TBI groups were higher than the control at the first three time points. G-CSF in the severe TBI group increased slowly and peaked at day 7, and was only significantly different from the control at day 7 and 14. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts of the mild group gradually decreased, but a second increase after day 4 was observed in the severe group. The cell counts were higher in the severe group compared to other groups. A positive correlation between G-CSF and leukocyte and neutrophil counts was observed in the severe group at day 1. G-CSF positively correlated with TNF-α in the severe group at day 4 and 7. In severe patients with a good outcome, G-CSF level at day 7 was significantly higher than those with a poor outcome.

Conclusion
The G-CSF levels in the severe TBI group exhibited a different pattern from those in the mild and moderate TBI groups, and these levels positively correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. Higher G-CSF levels in severe TBI at day 7 indicated a good outcome at 6 months.
Species-specific developmental timing is associated with global differences in protein stability in mouse and human
Authors: Rayon Teresa , Stamataki Despina , Perez-Carrasco Ruben , Garcia-Perez Lorena , Barrington Christopher , Melchionda Manuela , Exelby Katherine , Tybulewicz Victor , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Briscoe James 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWhat determines the pace of embryonic development? Although many molecular mechanisms controlling developmental processes are evolutionarily conserved, the speed at which these operate can vary substantially between species. For example, the same genetic programme, comprising sequential changes in transcriptional states, governs the differentiation of motor neurons in mouse and human, but the tempo at which it operates differs between species. Using in vitro directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to motor neurons, we show that the programme runs twice as fast in mouse as in human. We provide evidence that this is neither due to differences in signalling, nor the genomic sequence of genes or their regulatory elements. Instead, we find an approximately two-fold increase in protein stability and cell cycle duration in human cells compared to mouse. This can account for the slower pace of human development, indicating that global differences in key kinetic parameters play a major role in interspecies differences in developmental tempo.
Characterization of protein-ligand binding interactions of enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) by native MS reveals allosteric effects of coenzymes and the inhibitor triclosan
Authors: Joyner P. Matthew , Tran Denise P. , Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Loo Joseph A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe enzyme enoyl-ACP reductase (also called FabI in bacteria) is an essential member of the fatty acid synthase II pathway in plants and bacteria. This enzyme is the target of the antibacterial drug triclosan and has been the subject of extensive studies for the past 20 years. Despite the large number of reports describing the biochemistry of this enzyme, there have been no studies that provided direct observation of the protein and its various ligands. Here we describe the use of native MS to characterize the protein-ligand interactions of FabI with its coenzymes NAD+and NADH and with the inhibitor triclosan. Measurements of the gas-phase affinities of the enzyme for these ligands yielded values that are in close agreement with solution-phase affinity measurements. Additionally, FabI is a homotetramer and we were able to measure the affinity of each subunit for each coenzyme, which revealed that both coenzymes exhibit a positive homotropic allosteric effect. An allosteric effect was also observed in association with the inhibitor triclosan. These observations provide new insights into this well-studied enzyme and suggest that there may still be gaps in the existing mechanistic models that explain FabI inhibition.
Ancestral neural computations constrain the evolution of novel computations in simulated color vision networks
Authors: Buerkle Nathan P. , Palmer Stephanie E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfficient coding has been a successful organizational principle in neuroscience, but a more general theoretical framework needs to include the capacity for biological constraints to impede the realization of optimal circuit design. Here, we explore how evolution shapes the computational organization of a circuit using color vision as a model system. Taking a theoretical, machine learning approach allowed us to simulate the evolution of tetrachromatic color vision from a trichromatic ancestor both within and across distinct phylogenetic lineages. Analyzing network performance showed that trichromatic starting weights impose a significant constraint on learning rate, although the incremental increase in input layer complexity leads to better overall performance. Analyzing hidden layer computations showed that ancestry severely constrained evolution into a restricted and predictable portion of the theoretically available computational state space. Overall, our simulations of color vision evolution suggest that phylogenetic history is an important aspect of the functional organization of neural circuits.
Sequence representations and their utility for predicting protein-protein interactions
Authors: Kimothi Dhananjay , Biyani Pravesh , Hogan James M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) are a crucial mechanism underpinning the function of the cell. Predicting the likely relationship between a pair of proteins is thus an important problem in bioinformatics, and a wide range of machine-learning based methods have been proposed for this task. Their success is heavily dependent on the construction of the feature vectors, with most using a set of physico-chemical properties derived from the sequence. Few work directly with the sequence itself.Recent works on embedding sequences in a low dimensional vector space has shown the utility of this approach for tasks such as protein classification and sequence search. In this paper, we extend these ideas to the PPI task, making inferences from the pair instead of for the individual sequences. We evaluate the method on human and yeast PPI datasets, benchmarking against the established methods. These results demonstrate that we can obtain sequence encodings for the PPI task which achieve similar levels of performance to existing methods without reliance on complex physico-chemical feature sets.
Production of germ-free mosquitoes via transient colonisation allows stage-specific investigation of host-microbiota interactions
Authors: Romoli Ottavia , Schönbeck Johan Claes , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Gendrin Mathilde 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe mosquito microbiota impacts the physiology of its host and is essential for normal larval development, thereby influencing transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Germ-free mosquitoes generated with current methods show larval stunting and developmental deficits. Therefore, functional studies of the mosquito microbiota have so far mostly been limited to antibiotic treatments of emerging adults. In this study, we developed a novel approach to produce germ-freeAedes aegyptimosquitoes. It is based on reversible colonisation with bacteria genetically modified to allow complete decolonisation at any developmental stage. We show that, unlike germ-free mosquitoes previously produced using sterile diets, reversibly colonised mosquitoes show no developmental retardation and reach the same size as control adults. This allowed us to uncouple the study of the microbiota in larvae and adults. In adults, we detected no impact of bacterial colonisation on mosquito fecundity or longevity. In larvae, we performed a transcriptome analysis and diet supplementation experiments following decolonisation during the third larval instar. Our data suggest that bacteria support larval development by contributing to folate biosynthesis and by enhancing energy storage. Our study establishes a novel tool to study the microbiota in insects and deepens our knowledge on the metabolic contribution of bacteria to mosquito development.
Dynamic multimodal interactions in navigating wood ants: What do path details tell us about cue integration?
Authors: Buehlmann Cornelia , Aussel Alexia , Graham Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnts are expert navigators using multiple cues from multiple sensory modalities to navigate successfully. Here, we present the results of systematic studies of multimodal cue use in navigating wood ants,Formica rufa. Ants learnt to navigate to a feeder that was defined by an olfactory cue, visual cue and airflow presented together. When ants learnt to find a feeder that was placed in the centre of the visual cue, well-trained ants were not anymore able to accurately approach the feeder when either the olfactory or visual cue were removed in tests. This confirms that some form of cue binding has taken place. However, in a visually simpler task with the feeder located at the edge of the visual cue, ants still approached the feeder accurately when individual cue components were removed. Hence, cue binding is flexible and depends on the navigational context. In general, cues act additively in determining the ants’ paths accuracy, i.e. the use of multiple cues increased navigation performance. Moreover, across different training conditions, we saw different motor patterns in response to different sensory cues. For instance, ants had more sinuous paths with more turns when they followed an odour plume but did not have any visual cues. Having visual information with the odour enhanced performance and therefore positively impacted on plume following. Interestingly, paths characteristics of ants from the two multimodal groups with a different visual task were different, suggesting that the observed flexibility in cue binding may be a result of the ants’ movement characteristics.Summary statementWe investigated the impact of multimodal information on navigating ants. Ants showed flexible response to multimodal information depending on the sensori-motor contingencies of the navigation task.
SMALL ALPHAHERPESVIRUS LATENCY-ASSOCIATED PROMOTERS DRIVE EFFICIENT AND LONG-TERM TRANSGENE EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Maturana Carola J. , Verpeut Jessica L. , Pisano Thomas J. , Dhanerawala Zahra M. , Esteves Andrew , Enquist Lynn W. , Engel Esteban A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are used as gene therapy vectors to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite their safety and broad tropism, important issues need to be corrected such as the limited payload capacity and the lack of small gene promoters providing long-term, pan-neuronal transgene expression in the CNS. Commonly used gene promoters are relatively large and can be repressed a few months after CNS transduction, risking the long-term performance of single-dose gene therapy applications. We used a whole-CNS screening approach based on systemic delivery of AAV-PHP.eB, iDisco+ tissue-clearing and light-sheet microscopy, to identify three small latency-associated promoters (LAP) from the herpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV). These promoters are LAP1 (404bp), LAP2 (498bp) and LAP1_2 (880bp). They drive chronic transcription of the virus encoded latency-associated transcript (LAT) during productive and latent phases of PRV infection. We observed stable, pan-neuronal transgene transcription and translation from AAV-LAP in the CNS for six months post AAV transduction. In several CNS areas, the number of cells expressing the transgene was higher for LAP2 than the large conventional EF1α promoter (1264bp). Our data suggests that the LAP are suitable candidates for viral vector-based CNS gene therapies requiring chronic transgene expression after one-time viral-vector administration.
poly(UG)-tailed RNAs in Genome Protection and Epigenetic Inheritance
Authors: Shukla Aditi , Yan Jenny , Pagano Daniel J. , Dodson Anne E. , Fei Yuhan , Gorham Josh , Seidman J.G. , Wickens Marvin , Kennedy Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMobile genetic elements threaten genome integrity in all organisms. MUT-2/RDE-3 is a ribonucleotidyltransferase required for transposon silencing and RNA interference (RNAi) inC. elegans. When tethered to RNAs in heterologous expression systems, RDE-3 can add long stretches of alternating non-templated uridine (U) and guanosine (G) ribonucleotides to the 3’ termini of these RNAs (polyUG or pUG tails). Here, we show that, in its natural context inC. elegans, RDE-3 adds pUG tails to transposon RNAs, as well as to targets of RNAi. pUG tails with more than 16 perfectly alternating 3’ U and G nucleotides convert otherwise inert RNA fragments into agents of gene silencing. pUG tails promote gene silencing by recruiting RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases (RdRPs), which use pUG-tailed RNAs as templates to synthesize small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Cycles of pUG RNA-templated siRNA synthesis and siRNA-directed mRNA pUGylation underlie dsRNA-directed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in theC. elegansgermline. Our results show that pUG tails convert RNAs into transgenerational memories of past gene silencing events, which, we speculate, allow parents to inoculate progeny against the expression of unwanted or parasitic genetic elements.
Nucleolin promotes Ang II‐induced phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating EGF and PDGF‐BB
Authors: Fang Li , Wang Kang‐Kai , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Li Tao , Xiao Zhi‐Lin , Yang Mei , Yu Zai‐Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRNA‐binding properties of nucleolin play a fundamental role in regulating cell growth and proliferation. We have previously shown that nucleolin plays an important regulatory role in the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of nucleolin‐mediated phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by Ang II. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) inhibitors were used to observe the effect of Ang II on phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. The regulatory role of nucleolin in the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs was identified by nucleolin gene mutation, gene overexpression and RNA interference technology. Moreover, we elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of nucleolin on phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. EGF and PDGF‐BB played an important role in the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by Ang II. Nucleolin exerted a positive regulatory effect on the expression and secretion of EGF and PDGF‐BB. In addition, nucleolin could bind to the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of EGF and PDGF‐BB mRNA, and such binding up‐regulated the stability and expression of EGF and PDGF‐BB mRNA, promoting Ang II‐induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs.
Uma beleza congelante: a morte e sexualidade em A Rainha da Neve, de Hans Christian Andersen e suas refigurações
Authors: Menna Ligia Regina Maximo Cavalari 
Published: January 2020

A bela e congelante Rainha da Neve, do conto homônimo de Hans Christian Andersen (Snedronningen, The Snow Queen, 1844), adquire sobrevidas em outras narrativas, tanto literárias como audiovisuais, permanecendo ainda viva no imaginário contemporâneo. Esse conto andersiano, de tessitura complexa, construído no contexto do romantismo, entre o espiritualismo cristão e o maravilhoso pagão, constitui-se em uma narrativa de formação, um rito de passagem da infância para a vida adulta, do qual depreendemos tanto o prenúncio para a morte, como os primeiros contatos com sexualidade. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar as simbologias depreendidas dessa misteriosa personagem refletidas, ou não, em suas refigurações Jadis, a feiticeira branca de As Crônicas de Nárnia, de C. S. Lewis e Elsa, da animação Frozen: uma aventura congelante (Disney, 2013) com destaque para o protagonismo feminino.
O conto: Fábulas italianas e a memória
Authors: Rocha Helen Cristine Alves 
Published: January 2020

Em Fábulas italianas (1990), Italo Calvino recolhe, seleciona e traduz vários contos dos vários dialetos italianos. Assim, tendo em vista a relação de Italo Calvino com fábulas, contos e textos cuja fronteira entre a realidade e a imaginação é bastante tênue, temos como objetivo analisar a relação do conto com a memória, a partir dos estudos de Maurice Halbwachs (2006), Michael Pollak (1989), Jeanne Marie Gagnebin (2002), Michel Pêcheux (2007); dos estudos sobre contos de Andre Jolles (1976). Diante da importância assumida pela memória e pelos testemunhos orais como fontes de “verdade”, vemos a relação da memória com a fábula devido a esta ser uma narrativa que, inicialmente, foi extraída “da boca do povo” e, portanto, consideramos que o que as pessoas narravam era o que fazia parte de suas recordações, de seu passado e do grupo social ao qual pertenciam. Isto posto, vemos a relação do conto com a memória em virtude de seu caráter subjetivo, social e real-imaginário.
Na Floresta: um passeio em quadrinhos pelas histórias dos irmãos Grimm
Authors: Bombonato Jessica Ribeiro 
Published: January 2020

RESUMO (RESENHA):
PAZOS, Frederico; CABRERA, Pablo; POWER PAOLA; ELINA, María; LINIERS ; DECUR. Na Floresta: Contos de Fadas dos Irmãos Grimm em Quadrinhos. Tradução: Sergio Molina. 1. ed. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2019.
Gender and nursing in Portugal: The focus on men's double status of dominant and dominated1
Authors: Santos Maria Helena , Amâncio Lígia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article presents a study that sought to identify the gender dynamics prevailing in a health-related context of tokenism – nursing – in which the members of a dominant group in society – men – are proportionally scarce. Specifically, this study aimed to consider how men experience their integration into a feminized profession. Furthermore, the individual experiences and professional dynamics were placed in perspective with the results of other studies focusing on male populations in high-status professions, in particular medicine, to analyse the intersectionality of status and power. This study involved individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve male nurses, aged between 40 and 58 years, from across the six existing nursing specialties in Portugal. Analysis of the results, obtained through the Alceste software and thematic study carried out according to the social constructionist perspective in gender studies, indicates that tokenism dynamics interweave a double power asymmetry: the professional asymmetry between male doctors and male nurses, and the gender symbolic asymmetry between men and women. In the nursing profession, this double asymmetry proves beneficial to male nurses.
Longitudinal Trends in the Direct Costs and Health Care Utilization Ascribable to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Biologic Era: Results From a Canadian Population–Based Analysis
Authors: Targownik Laura E. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Witt Julia , Bernstein Charles N. , Singh Harminder , Tennakoon Aruni , Aviña Zubieta Antonio , Coward Stephanie B. , Jones Jennifer , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Murthy Sanjay K. , Nguyen Geoffrey C. , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. The total direct costs of IBD have not been assessed on a population-wide level in the era of biologic therapy.

DESIGN:
We identified all persons with IBD in Manitoba between 2005 and 2015, with each matched to 10 controls on age, sex, and area of residence. We enumerated all hospitalizations, outpatient visits and prescription medications including biologics, and their associated direct costs. Total and per capita annual IBD-attributable costs and health care utilization (HCU) were determined by taking the difference between the costs/HCU accrued by an IBD case and their controls. Generalized linear modeling was used to evaluate trends in direct costs and Poisson regression for trends in HCU.

RESULTS:
The number of people with IBD in Manitoba increased from 6,323 to 7,603 between 2005 and 2015. The total per capita annual costs attributable to IBD rose from $3,354 in 2005 to $7,801 in 2015, primarily driven by an increase in per capita annual anti-tumor necrosis factor costs, which rose from $181 in 2005 to $5,270 in 2015. There was a significant decline in inpatient costs for CD ($99 ± 25/yr. P < 0.0001), but not for ulcerative colitis ($8 increase ±$18/yr, P = 0.63).

DISCUSSION:
The direct health care costs attributable to IBD have more than doubled over the 10 years between 2005 and 2015, driven mostly by increasing expenditures on biological medications. IBD-attributable hospitalization costs have declined modestly over time for persons with CD, although no change was seen for patients with ulcerative colitis.