bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of attitudes, subjective norms and stigma on health‐care providers' intention to recommend medicinal cannabis to patients
Authors: Melnikov Semyon , Aboav Anat , Shalom Ester , Phriedman Shoshi , Khalaila Khaled 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of health‐care providers' attitudes towards the medical use of cannabis, subjective norms and perceived stigma towards medicinal cannabis users on health‐care providers' intention to recommend medicinal cannabis for patients with qualifying conditions.MethodsA cross‐sectional correlational study included 221 health‐care providers (mean age, 42.2 ± 11.2; 74.2% women and 76.5% nurses) who completed a questionnaire examining theory‐based variables and stigma towards medicinal cannabis users.ResultsMore positive attitudes towards the medical use of cannabis were associated with lower stigma towards medicinal cannabis users, which, in turn, was associated with a higher intention of recommending medicinal cannabis for patients with qualifying conditions. The relationship between attitudes towards the medical use of cannabis and the intention to recommend medicinal cannabis varies according to subjective norms.ConclusionsAmong nurses and physicians, stigma towards medicinal cannabis users mediated the relationship between attitudes towards the medical use of cannabis and the intention to recommend medicinal cannabis for patients with qualifying conditions, whereas subjective norms moderated this relationship. Effective treatment with medicinal cannabis might be compromised by health‐care providers' negative attitudes, stigma and subjective norms.
Internal validation and decision curve analysis of a preoperative nomogram predicting a postoperative complication in pheochromocytoma surgery: An international study
Authors: Phillips John , Bloom Jonathan , Yarlagadda Vidhush , Schultz Luciana , Gordetsky Jennifer , Tanno Fabio Y , Chambo Jose L , Almeida Madson Q , Fragoso Maria CBV , Srougi Miguel , Srougi Victor , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a preoperative nomogram that would predict the risk of a postoperative complication for pheochromocytoma patients undergoing adrenalectomy using an international database.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed preoperative variables and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in three institutions from 2000 to 2017. Internal validation of a generated nomogram was carried out with receiver operating characteristics, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses.ResultsA total of 153 patients who had undergone 166 adrenalectomies were included in the study. Overall, post‐adrenalectomy complications were seen in 30% of patients, whereas 9.6% of patients sustained a Clavien ≥3a complication. Independent predictors of a complication were a history of hypertension, body mass index, tumor size, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. On internal validation, the multivariable model generated a nomogram that predicted a postoperative complication or clinically hemodynamic event with an area under the curve of 0.86, showed good calibration and had an overall net benefit.ConclusionsAn internally validated nomogram combining body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index score and tumor size can predict the probability of a post‐adrenalectomy complication in those with and without hypertension. The model, the first of its kind in pheochromocytoma surgery, identifies patients at risk of a postoperative complication at the time of their presentation with pheochromocytoma.
Mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cartilage chondrocyte homoeostasis
Authors: Zhao Zhenxing , Li Yifei , Wang Mengjiao , Zhao Sen , Zhao Zhihe , Fang Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMechanical stress plays a critical role in cartilage development and homoeostasis. Chondrocytes are surrounded by a narrow pericellular matrix (PCM), which absorbs dynamic and static forces and transmits them to the chondrocyte surface. Recent studies have demonstrated that molecular components, including perlecan, collagen and hyaluronan, provide distinct physical properties for the PCM and maintain the essential microenvironment of chondrocytes. These physical signals are sensed by receptors and molecules located in the cell membrane, such as Ca2+ channels, the primary cilium and integrins, and a series of downstream molecular pathways are involved in mechanotransduction in cartilage. All mechanoreceptors convert outside signals into chemical and biological signals, which then regulate transcription in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stresses. This review highlights recent progress and focuses on the function of the PCM and cell surface molecules in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mechanotransduction will provide new insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis and precision strategies that could be used in its treatment.
Oryza sativa FER‐LIKE FE DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (OsFIT/OsbHLH156) interacts with OsIRO2 to regulate iron homeostasis
Authors: Liang Gang , Zhang Huimin , Li Yang , Pu Mengna , Yang Yujie , Li Chenyang , Lu Chengkai , Xu Peng , Yu Diqiu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIron (Fe) is indispensable for the growth and development of plants. It is well known that FER‐LIKE FE DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT) is a key regulator of Fe uptake in Arabidopsis. Here, we identify the Oryza sativa FIT (also known as OsbHLH156) as the interacting partner of IRON‐RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (OsIRO2) that is critical for regulating Fe uptake. The OsIRO2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, but OsFIT facilitates the accumulation of OsIRO2 in the nucleus. Loss‐of‐function mutations of OsFIT result in decreased Fe accumulation, severe Fe‐deficiency symptoms, and disrupted expression of Fe‐uptake genes. In contrast, OsFIT overexpression promotes Fe accumulation and the expression of Fe‐uptake genes. Genetic analyses indicate that OsFIT and OsIRO2 function in the same genetic node. Further analyses suggest that OsFIT and OsIRO2 form a functional transcription activation complex to initiate the expression of Fe‐uptake genes. Our findings provide a mechanism understanding of how rice maintains Fe homeostasis.
Complete Arch Monolithic Zirconia Prosthesis Supported By Cobalt Chromium Metal Bar: A Clinical Report
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComplete arch fixed implant supported prosthesis made of monolithic zirconia is a popular treatment option with minimal complications, as documented in the literature over a 5‐year period. One of the limitations of this material is its inability to be used when the span between adjacent implants is excessively long. A potential solution to mitigate this problem is to support the zirconia prosthesis with a metal substructure, which intrinsically has higher tensile strength. This clinical report describes the successful use of this prosthetic design in a male patient with bruxism and history of multiple implant failures in the maxilla. This resulted in a large anterior‐posterior span between the anterior implants in the maxillary lateral incisor region and the distal implants in the pterygoid region. This article also describes the use of a split file digital workflow to scan the prototype prosthesis and then digitally design and mill the screw‐retained cobalt chromium bar, as well as the overlaying of zirconia prosthesis which was retained by separate screws. This novel approach offers promise for management of the atrophic maxilla where implants with remote anchorage are used resulting in broader distribution of implants.
Are short‐term effects of pollution important for growth and optimal fiscal policy?
Authors: Ghosh Sugata , Ray Barman Trishita , Gupta Manash Ranjan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study optimal fiscal policy in a stock‐flow model of the environment within an endogenous growth framework, where some pollutants have a lasting impact on environmental quality which is restored through abatement expenditure, while others dissipate and hence, have a short‐term effect on the environment. All pollutants, however, affect the productivity of a public good negatively. Given that short‐term pollution, although it dissipates, is irreversible in this sense, a government cannot ignore its negative effects since this type of pollution lowers the productivity of all inputs. We find that a larger negative effect of short‐term pollutants as well as a higher congestion effect of private capital leads to corrective fiscal policies with higher optimal income tax and abatement expenditure rates, which have favorable growth consequences. Interestingly, we find that the rate of short‐term pollution does not affect optimal fiscal policy while that of the long‐term pollution does.
Electrocortical measures of performance monitoring from go/no‐go and flanker tasks: Differential relations with trait dimensions of the triarchic model of psychopathy
Authors: Ribes‐Guardiola Pablo , Poy Rosario , Patrick Christopher J. , Moltó Javier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examined associations of performance‐monitoring event‐related potentials (ERPs) from go/no‐go and flanker tasks with one another, and with psychopathy‐related traits of disinhibition, meanness, and boldness. A task‐dependent relationship was evident between the error‐related negativity (ERN) and trait disinhibition, with high‐disinhibited participants showing reduced no‐go ERN but not flanker ERN. Disinhibition was also inversely related to variants of the P3 and the error positivity (Pe) from these two tasks. A factor analysis of the ERPs revealed two distinct factors, one reflecting shared variance among the P3 and Pe measures from the two tasks, and the other covariance among the N2 and ERN measures. Scores on the P3/Pe factor, but not the N2/ERN factor, were inversely related to disinhibition, and accounted for associations of this trait with variants of the P3 and Pe across tasks. The implication is that high trait disinhibition relates mainly to reductions in brain responses associated with later elaborative stages in the processing of motivationally significant events across different tasks. Importantly, no‐go ERN predicted disinhibition scores beyond N2/ERN factor scores, indicating that high disinhibition is not generally related to diminished early preresponse conflict and error processing, but rather to processing impairments in conditions calling for inhibition of prepotent response tendencies.
How networks among frontline offices influence regulatory enforcement: Diffusion and justification of interpretation of risk
Authors: Hirata Ayako 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStreet‐level interpretation and enforcement are critical to defining the meaning of law. To understand street‐level regulatory decisions, prior studies have highlighted internal office conditions, neglecting the influence that peer offices can have. This study examines the role of horizontal inter‐office interaction among frontline offices and illustrates how and under what conditions it shapes the meaning of law. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data on Japan's Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act, this study reveals that inter‐office interaction occurs within fixed groups and comes to shape shared interpretations of law that regulators believe are legally valid. This implies that under legal ambiguity, inter‐office interactions develop institutionalized notions of appropriateness and reinforce the perception of legal consistency, which bolster the legitimacy of enforcement. Although peer office networks encourage convergence on the interpretation of law, because of their clustered structure, legal meanings develop differently across various groups.
A study on the least squares estimator of multivariate isotonic regression function
Authors: Bagchi Pramita , Sankar Dhar Subhra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsider the problem of pointwise estimation of f in a multivariate isotonic regression model Z=f(X1,…,Xd)+ϵ, where Z is the response variable, f is an unknown nonparametric regression function, which is isotonic with respect to each component, and ϵ is the error term. In this article, we investigate the behavior of the least squares estimator of f. We generalize the greatest convex minorant characterization of isotonic regression estimator for the multivariate case and use it to establish the asymptotic distribution of properly normalized version of the estimator. Moreover, we test whether the multivariate isotonic regression function at a fixed point is larger (or smaller) than a specified value or not based on this estimator, and the consistency of the test is established. The practicability of the estimator and the test are shown on simulated and real data as well.
Surgical excision of iridociliary tumors using a postero‐anterior cyclo‐iridectomy and thermocautery in two dogs
Authors: Davis Rachel L. , Reilly Christopher M. , Moore Phillip A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the surgical excision of an iridociliary adenoma and iridal melanocytoma using a postero‐anterior cyclo‐iridectomy in two dogs.ProcedureA 7 year old neutered male English springer spaniel (case 1) and a 7 year old neutered male Labrador mix (case 2) were presented for evaluation of an intrairidal mass OS.ResultsComplete ophthalmic examination revealed a large, dorsonasal, well‐demarcated, intrairidal mass OS. A tan to pink intrairidal mass extending into the iridocorneal angle (case 1) and a pigmented intrairidal mass (case 2) were present. B‐mode ultrasonography showed a focal, soft tissue, homogenous mass within the uvea adjacent to and contacting the lens. Neither pars plana involvement nor vitreal extension was present. A postero‐anterior cyclo‐iridectomy was performed through a polyhedral scleral flap. Thermocautery was used to complete the cyclo‐iridectomy (case 1) and partial iridectomy (case 2) to excise the mass en bloc. Histopathology revealed a completely excised iridociliary adenoma (case 1) and iris melanocytoma (case 2). The surgery sites healed without complication. Mild uveitis (cases 1 and 2), scant vitreal hemorrhage (case 1), and mild hyphema (case 2) were present three days postoperatively but had resolved ten days postoperatively. The patients remain visual twenty‐two months (case 1) and seven months (case 2) postoperatively with a normal intraocular examination other than an iridal defect and mild dorsonasal lens capsular opacities.ConclusionsThe surgical approach described in these cases is utilized in physician‐based medicine. This approach and the use of thermocautery provide a viable surgical option for excision of large iridociliary tumors in dogs.
Modulatory effect of methanandamide on gastric vagal afferent satiety signals depends on nutritional status
Authors: Christie Stewart , O'Rielly Rebecca , Li Hui , Nunez‐Salces Maria , Wittert Gary A , Page Amanda J 
Published: April 2020

Significance Statement
Gastric vagal afferent responses to tension are dampened in high fat diet‐induced obesity.
Endocannabinoids are known to dose‐dependently inhibit and excite gastric vagal afferents but their effect on gastric vagal afferents in diet‐induced obesity are unknown.
In individual gastric vagal afferent neurons of diet‐induced obese mice the co‐expression of components of the endocannabinoid system, including CB1, GHSR, TRPV1 and FAAH, was increased compared with lean mice.
In high fat diet‐induced obese mice, methanandamide only inhibited gastric vagal afferent responses to tension, possibly due to the observed change in the balance of receptors, hormones and breakdown enzymes in this system.
Collectively, these data suggest that endocannabinoid signalling, by gastric vagal afferents, is altered in diet‐induced obesity which may impact satiety and gastrointestinal function.
AbstractGastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play a role in appetite regulation. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) dose‐dependently inhibits and excites tension‐sensitive GVAs. However, it is also known that high fat diet (HFD) feeding alters GVA responses to stretch. The aim of this study was to determine the role of AEA in GVA signalling in lean and HFD‐induced obese mice.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed (12 weeks) a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD. Protein and mRNA expression of components of the cannabinoid system was determined in individual GVA cell bodies and the gastric mucosa. An in vitro GVA preparation was used to assess the effect of methanandamide (mAEA) on tension‐sensitive GVAs and the second messenger pathways involved.In individual GVA cell bodies, cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and ghrelin (GHSR) receptor mRNA was higher in HFD mice than SLD mice. Conversely, gastric mucosal AEA and ghrelin protein levels were lower in HFD mice than SLD mice. In SLD mice, mAEA exerted dose‐dependent inhibitory and excitatory effects on tension‐sensitive GVAs. Only an inhibitory effect of mAEA was observed in HFD mice. The excitatory effect of mAEA was dependent on CB1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the protein kinase C. Conversely, the inhibitory effect was dependent on CB1, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, TRPV1 and the protein kinase A. Endocannabinoids, acting through CB1 and TRPV1, have a pivotal role in modulating GVA satiety signals depending on the second messenger pathway utilised. In HFD mice only an inhibitory effect was observed. These changes may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of obesity.
A role for neurokinin 1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus in bradykinin‐evoked cough in guinea‐pigs
Authors: Driessen Alexandria K. , McGovern Alice E. , Behrens Robert , Moe Aung Aung Kywe , Farrell Michael J. , Mazzone Stuart B. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
Airway projecting sensory neurons arising from the jugular vagal ganglia terminate centrally in the brainstem paratrigeminal nucleus, synapsing upon neurons expressing the neurokinin 1 receptor.
This study aimed to assess the involvement of paratrigeminal neurokinin 1 receptor neurons in the regulation of cough, breathing and airway defensive responses.
Lesioning neurokinin 1 receptor expressing paratrigeminal neurons significantly reduced cough evoked by inhaled bradykinin but not inhaled ATP or tracheal mechanical stimulation.
The reduction in bradykinin‐evoked cough was not accompanied by changes in baseline or evoked respiratory variables (e.g. frequency, volume or timing), animal avoidance behaviours or the laryngeal apnoea reflex.
These findings warrant further investigations into targeting the jugular ganglia and paratrigeminal nucleus as a therapy for treating cough in disease.
AbstractJugular vagal ganglia sensory neurons innervate the large airways and are thought to mediate cough and associated perceptions of airway irritations to a range of chemical irritants. The central terminals of jugular sensory neurons lie within the brainstem paratrigeminal nucleus, where postsynaptic neurons can be differentiated based on the absence or presence of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. Therefore, in the present study, we set out to test the hypothesis that NK1 receptor expressing paratrigeminal neurons play a role in cough evoked by inhaled chemical irritants. To test this, we performed selective neurotoxin lesions of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus in guinea‐pigs using substance P conjugated to saporin (SSP‐SAP). Sham lesion control or SSP‐SAP lesion guinea‐pigs received nebulised challenges, with the pan‐nociceptor stimulant bradykinin or the nodose ganglia specific stimulant adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP), in conscious whole‐body plethysmography to study cough and associated behaviours. Laryngeal apnoea reflexes and cough evoked by mechanical stimulation of the trachea were additionally investigated in anaesthetised guinea‐pigs. SSP‐SAP significantly and selectively reduced the number of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus. This was associated with a significant reduction in bradykinin‐evoked cough, but not ATP‐evoked cough, mechanical cough or laryngeal apnoeic responses. These data provide further evidence for a role of jugular vagal pathways in cough, and additionally suggest an involvement of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus. Therefore, this neural pathway may provide novel therapeutic opportunities to treat conditions of chronic cough.
Friction and Friction Heat of Micronscale Iron
Authors: Sang Le Van , Yano Akihiko , Isohashi Ai , Sugimura Natsuko , Washizu Hitoshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the friction and friction heat of the micronscale iron under the influences such as the velocity of the slider and temperature of the substrate by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. It is found that in the velocity range of 10–100 m/s, the sliding velocity–friction coefficient relationship well complies with the fitted exponent or hyperbolic tangent function, and the friction coefficient approaches a stable value of 0.3 at around the velocity of 50 m/s after a rapidly increasing situation. The steady friction coefficient maintains over the temperature range of 200–400 K. The friction heat is detailed analyzed versus the sliding time. The sliding time–system temperature relationship is well fitted by the sigmoidal functions, except the interfacial particle layers. The layer causing friction shows the highest steady temperature and largest temperature rise. The increment between the initial temperatures of the slider and the substrate strongly results in the temperature rise while it does not affect the configuration of the sliding time–system temperature curves.
Using a Point-Line-Plane Representation for Unified Simulation of Planar and Spherical Mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Shashank , Purwar Anurag 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a geometric constraints driven approach to unified kinematic simulation of n-bar planar and spherical linkage mechanisms consisting of both revolute and prismatic joints. Generalized constraint equations using point, line, and plane coordinates have been proposed which unify simulation of planar and spherical linkages and are demonstrably scalable to spatial mechanisms. As opposed to some of the existing approaches, which seek to derive loop-closure equations for each type of mechanism separately, we have shown that the simulation can be made simpler and more efficient by using unified version of the geometric constraints on joints and links. This is facilitated using homogeneous coordinates and constraints on geometric primitives, such as point, line, and plane. Furthermore, the approach enables simpler programming, real-time computation, and ability to handle any type of planar and spherical mechanism. This work facilitates creation of practical and intuitive design tools for mechanism designers.