bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive clinical trial on patients with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleed with the help of endoscopy
Authors: Singh Prem , Singh Gaurav , Kumar Vinay , Chawla Gaurav 
Published: February 2020

Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) is a common condition worldwide frequently leads to hospital admission also has a significant associated morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. A systematic diagnostic and definite therapeutic approach is essential to establish a diagnosis, relevant to specific investigations for appropriate treatment in tertiary medical care center.Methods: A comparative trial was done on n=109 cases with an objective to find out the different causes of UGI bleed in population, to assess the requirement of blood transfusion in patients with massive GI Bleed and to compare the treatment outcome of Proton pump inhibitors over Tranexamic acid and Octreotide in non-variceal UGI bleed. The cases were assigned to three different groups by lottery system. Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole), Somatostatin (Octreotide), Anti-fibrinolytic (Tranexamic acid), outcome was assessed after complete treatment and follow up.Results: Out of 150 cases, 109 were diagnosed with non-variceal GI bleed, 35 cases were treated with Omeprazole out of which 11.42% cases received blood transfusion, and 4 had history of re bleeding, Mean Duration of stay in hospital was 4.4±1.75, when compared to the other two group the duration of hospitalization was least as the P value was <0.0001.Conclusions: In this study it was demonstrated the use of PPI in case of Non-Variceal Bleeding significantly reduces the need of blood transfusion. Even it reduces the cases of re bleeding and duration of hospital stay.
Adult nephrotic syndrome in the Niger delta sub region: a single centre study at the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital
Authors: Chioma Pedro C. Emem , Wokoma Friday S. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Adult nephrotic syndrome is a common cause of chronic kidney disease globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria there are only few studies on adult nephrotic syndrome, mostly from the south-western Nigeria and rarely from the Niger delta sub-region of Nigeria. This study aims at contributing to the National data on adult nephrotic syndrome, from the perspective of the Niger delta sub-region.Methods: Retrospective analysis of five-year clinical data (January 2007 to December 2011) of adult nephrotic syndrome patients in the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital was conducted.Results: Forty-four patients, representing 1% of medical admissions and 7.3% of adult renal cases were seen during the period, with mean age of 27.7±8.5 years. There were 32 males (72.7%). Mean duration of illness was 25.3±30.3months. Peak age group was the 20-29 year age group, accounting for 52.3% of cases. Hypertension was seen in 45.5%. Mean e-GFR was 73.5±33.8 ml/min/1.73m2 with CKD 1-3 constituting 93.2% of cases. Mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 13.6±8.4 grams/day. Protein excretion >10grams/day was observed in 65.8% of the patients. Mean total serum protein, albumin and total cholesterol were 51.4±11.7g/dl, 22.5±9.9 g/dl and 8.1±3.0 mmol/L, respectively. Anemia was common (68%) and histology showed MCGN (52.6%), MCD (21.1%), membranous (15.8%) and FSGS (10.5%). Though response to therapy was generally poor, immunosuppressive therapy showed better outcomes.Conclusions: The prevalence and pattern of adult nephrotic syndrome in the Niger delta sub-region is similar to that in other parts of Nigeria. It is predominantly a disease of young adult males with high prevalence of hypertension, and poor histologic categories.
Multivariate analysis of correlates of children nutritional status in Harar region, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Dufera Tejjeba , Bekalo Daniel Biftu , Mekuriaw Daniel Mesele 
Published: February 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is defined as deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. In Ethiopia malnutrition is one of the most serious health and welfare problems among infants and young children. Malnutrition among children under five years of age is a chronic problem in most regions of Ethiopia, including the Harari region. The main objective of this study was to assess risk factors attributed to nutritional status of children in Harari region.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data was obtained from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016. Different factors were considered as determinants of nutritional status of a child. The study used Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression model to identify significant correlates of children nutritional status. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The descriptive statistics in the study revealed that out of a total of 233 children included in the study 21% are underweighted, 19.3% are stunted and 11.2% are wasted in the study area. From Multivariate multiple linear regression, breast feeding factors, health status of child and child vaccination status significantly affect nutritional status of the under five children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The factor analyses conducted in this study indicated that only two factors (instead of 5 original observed variables or items) were sufficient to explain 78.605% of the total variation in PCFA of observed items related to child nutritional status. Factors duration of breast feeding, birth order of a child, current age of child is statistically significant in affecting child malnutrition.</p>
Comparison of functional outcomes between cemented and uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular neck femur fractures
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Rudani Tej S. , Gandhi Malay P. , Rampurwala Aliasgar J. 
Published: February 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The neck of femoral fracture is common and leading fracture in orthopaedic practice. The older age group and female are more to prone to develop this fracture.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, clinical observational, analytical comparative study was undertaken in the department of Orthopaedics of Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital in Udaipur, Rajasthan from January 2018 to June 2019. 52 adult patients with neck of femur fracture, 26 patients in each group. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, the mean age was 77.72 years. Female preponderance was seen in our study. In our study mean duration of surgery in uncemented group was 65.78 minutes and mean duration of surgery in cemented group was 79.89 minutes. The mean total HHS in our patient was 86.63 with standard deviation of 6.18. Mean HHS for cemented group was 86 and for uncemented group was 87.23. We found 20 excellent result and 27 good results (35.71% and 51.92% respectively). We also found 5 fair result (12.37%). There were 2 complications, both in cemented group, one had post-operative dislocation and other had a cement reaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty are equally good options in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. However, it is to be noted that the duration of surgery &amp; complications, were both less in the uncemented group as compared to cemented hemiarthroplasty group in our study. </p>
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОСТІ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Колодій Сергій , Гаряга Леся , Кочума Інна 
Published: February 2020

Запропоновано концептуальні підходи до забезпечення збалансованості фінансових ресурсів держави. Досліджено сутність і класифікацію збалансованості фінансових ресурсів держави. Збалансованість фінансових ресурсів держави пропонується трактувати як відповідність між сукупністю грошових засобів, що надійшли в розпорядження центральних і місцевих органів виконавчої влади у процесі формування фінансових ресурсів держави, і сукупністю грошових засобів, що направляються на різні цілі під час їхнього використання. Індикаторами збалансованості фінансових ресурсів держави визначено: баланс зведеного бюджету; обсяг державного боргу; залишок коштів на Єдиному казначейському рахунку (ЄКР). Обґрунтовано основні загальні та спеціальні положення концепції інституціонального регулювання збалансованості фінансових ресурсів держави. Детально охарактеризовано окремі аспекти спеціальних положень концепції інституціонального регулювання збалансованості фінансових ресурсів держави. Виділено ключові проблеми формування, виконання, збалансування і забезпечення безперебійного фінансування фінансових ресурсів держави. Розроблено пропозиції щодо вжиття заходів і використання відповідних інструментів для вдосконалення управління фінансовими ресурсами держави.
ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО КОНТРОЛЮ У БАНКАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Швець Наталія , Омельчук Ярослав 
Published: February 2020

Досліджено передумови для посилення внутрішніх контрольних процедур у банках України. Визначено основні підходи до організації системи внутрішнього контролю в банках України з урахуванням регуляторних вимог Національного банку України. Проаналізовано основні способи і напрями впровадження внутрішніх контрольних процедур у діяльності банківських установ України. Класифіковано основні види внутрішнього контролю, що мають бути регламентовані та впроваджені у діяльності банківських установ. Наведено критерії для оцінки системи внутрішнього контролю банківськими установами і Національним банком України. Розглянуто основні вимоги Положення про організацію системи внутрішнього контролю в банках України і банківських групах, затвердженого Національним банком України 2019 року, зокрема визначено десять основних змін щодо організації внутрішнього контролю, які суттєво вплинуть на діяльність банківських установ України. Проаналізовано компоненти системи внутрішнього контролю і запропоновано основні критерії, що можуть використовуватись банківськими установами для оцінки якості та ефективності системи внутрішнього контролю.
Investigating Preservice Teachers’ Efficacy Level and Factors Influencing It
Authors: Farhadiba Deby , Nunuk Wulyani Anik 
Published: February 2020

This study investigated preservice teachers’ efficacy level and factors influencing it. The participants were English Language Teaching students of cohort 2015, Universitas Negeri Malang. The data were taken from 41 preservice teachers by using an online questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. The online questionnaire provided the data about the participants’ efficacy level and factors influencing it. The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) was adapted to measure the participants’ efficacy level. An in-depth interview with six respondents who agreed to participate was conducted to follow-up the questionnaire data. The interview was aimed to get profound data about factors influencing the participants’ efficacy level. The preservice teachers reported that four significant factors influenced their self-efficacy of teaching. They are the participants’ experience in a formal and informal teaching practice, feedback and support from the school environment, observing other teachers’ performance, and English proficiency as factors influencing their efficacy. The average result also shows that the preservice teachers’ efficacy level was 3.31 (5-scale rating for highly effective). The participants perceived that they were highly efficacious in instructional strategies (3.41) and a little efficacious in student engagement (3.16). By knowing their efficacy level, preservice teachers are suggested to start joining teacher professional development (TPD) to develop and maintain their English and teaching skill. In-service teachers are also suggested to join TPD to maintain their skills because preservice teachers look up to them as role models. Preservice teachers should also be given support from in-service teachers and Department of English.

Keywords: preservice teacher, teacher-efficacy, student engagement, instructional strategies
Reciprocal Construction in German and Their Meanings Variations
Authors: Hidayat Edy 
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the syntax and semantics of German reciprocal constructions. The reciprocal constructions in German are marked with the presence of a reflexive pronoun, such as sich and uns as shown in Karl und Maria lieben sich ’Karl and Maria love each other’. Sich in that sentence is a reflexive pronoun. To determine that one sentence is considered as a reciprocal construction and not reflexive, it can be tested with the technique of substitution, namely with einander ’each other /one another’. The substitution process of reflexive pronoun sich with einander then became Karl und Maria lieben einander ’Karl and Maria love each other’. The other way to test it is by using the paraphrase technique. The sentence is divided into two and express it in a different way, such as Karl liebt Maria und Maria liebt Karl, ’Karl loved Mary and Mary loved Karl’. This sentence still has the meaning of a reciprocal relationship, but it doesn’t contain the construction of reciprocity. Besides pronouns, verbs also play an important role in the German reciprocal construction. Semantically, the German reciprocal constructions indicate the meaning of reciprocal relationships between the subjects of the sentences. From some data, some various meanings were found which indicate the type of reciprocal relationship in German reciprocal construction.

Keywords: Reciprocal construction, Reflexive pronoun, German
Infographics: Media for Improving Students’ Writing Abilities
Authors: Ushbah Mubarok Faiz , Nurul Asri Atiqah 
Published: February 2020

Writing is acknowledged as a skill that needs a high order thinking and a deep understanding of developing ideas. It also deals with the students’ ability in organizing a proper paragraph, various vocabularies, and decent grammar application through written text. To create a worthy writing product, it requires the integration of numerous aspects involving diction, organization, grammar, cohesion, and sequence. Due to the complexity of writing, students may find obstacles in transforming and organizing their ideas into written text. Specifically, in this paper, Information Technology (IT) Department students of State Polytechnic of Malang faced problems in writing a text. Thus, the researchers applied infographics media to improve students’ writing skills in composing instruction in the form of procedure text to solve the problems. The results of the research showed that infographics are beneficial and successful in improving students’ writing skills, especially in using sequence adverbs and imperative verbs.

Keywords: infographics, writing skills, procedure text
Learning: Javanese Students, Non-Javanese Students
Authors: Halim M. Amirul 
Published: February 2020

Learning is an important activity that must be done by students. If you want to know a course material or information, of course, students must look for it. One of the ways to look for something is by learning. Students at Kanjuruhan University come from various regions in Indonesia. The researcher divided the students into two large groups, namely students from Java and Non-Java. Both have unique and different ways to absorb information. Their learning methods are affected by the background of their respective regions. Each lecturer should know the background of each student, especially about the origin of the region. The results of this study indicate that lecturers are better of using a descriptive approach when explaining material to Javanese students. Meanwhile, when lecturers explain the material to students non-Java it is better to use a prescriptive approach. In this way the lecturer will find it easier to explain the lecture material that will be delivered. In addition, students will also have no difficulty in absorbing lecture material delivered.

Keywords: Prescriptive, Descriptive, Javanese Students, Non-Javanese students
What Can Genre Tell Us? Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz 
Published: February 2020

Genre is known to be one of media to communicate between the game designer and game players. Genre could give powerful impact to the game players because it makes the game players familiar with the game with the similar genre to play. Through genre, the game designer and maker could use it to gain the players’ heart so that they can spread their ideas imbued in their games. Metal Gear Solid Game series which was firstly played in 1987 has been promoting the anti-nuclear possession since its release. This paper has a purpose to reveal what makes this last series of Metal Gear Solid game, MGSV: The Phantom Pain, can be accepted widely by game players by observing its genre and this paper also aims to discover how the game designers, through the game, promoted the anti-nuclear war, which becomes a hot issue again nowadays, by using multimodal genre analysis.

Keywords: discourse analysis, genre analysis, MGA, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, Anti-nuclear war ideology
The Conjunctive Expressions and Their Types in Arabic News Discourse: A Case Study on Indonesia Al-Youm Arabic News Website
Authors: Arifianto Muhammad Lukman 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is (1) to reveal the use of conjunctive expressions in Arabic news discourse by taking sample on Indonesia al-Youm Arabic news website and (2) to reveal their types on that discourse. As for what is meant by conjunctive expression in this paper is linguistic or grammatical units used to combine words with words, phrases with phrase, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, or paragraphs with paragraphs. Thus, the conjunctive expression has the main function as a determinant of a discourse coherence and cohesiveness since it is linking the ideas between sentences or paragraphs. The result of the research showed that conjunctions in the Arabic news discourse, especially in Indonesia al-Youm Arabic news website, were expressed in several grammatical units such as words and phrases. The words capable of delivering the conjunctive expression are the particles of conjunction itself and some particular adverbs. The phrases capable of delivering the conjunctive expression are prepositional and adverbial phrases. Furthermore, the conjunctive expressions found in this Arabic news discourse are divided into four types, they are additive (idhāfī ), adversative (idhrābī ), causal (sababī ), and temporal (zamanī ).

Keywords: Conjunction, Conjunctive Expression, Arabic News Discourse, Indonesia Al-Youm
The Religious Text ‘Panaturan’ of the Dayak Ngaju Community
Authors: Sutama Putu , Arina Luardini Maria , . Natalina Asi 
Published: February 2020

The ethnic of Dayak Ngaju is one of the Dayaks in Central Kalimantan. This ethic group has a native belief named Kaharingan, which is later on called as a religion. Kaharingan religion was previously called as Naju beliefs, Hiden religion and even Kafir or unbelievers. In its process, in 1972, this belief is associated within Hinduism or Hindu Kaharingan. This religion has a holly book, Panaturan, in which most of the texts are used by most of Dayak Ngaju community for religion purposes. To have a comprehensive picture of this religious text, this article used two approaches: semantic structures and its ideology to have a deeper relationship between text and thought. To see the religious text, two factors were examined, respectively the semantic structure and ideology to see cohesiveness and texture in text-ology. The findings show that Panaturan is a transformation of the Wedanta Scriptures which have been acculturated with local genius of the Dayak civilization. The participants on Panaturan indicate the ideology of this belief.

Keywords: religious text, semantic structures, ideology
Literature Circle and Critical Reading Across EYL Learning Strategies
Authors: . Sri Rachmajanti 
Published: February 2020

The results of survey of Program of International Student Assessment (PISA), it was evident that in 2009 Indonesian lower secondary school students’ literacy ranked 57 out of 65 countries obtaining 396 (compared to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/OECD scoring 493), and in 2013 achieved the same score while OECD increased, 496 (Indonesia Curriculum Document, 2013). Inasmuch as the empirical evidence, and a few studies on this, the study was conducted aiming at improving students’ critical reading through literature circle strategy adopting a quasi experimental design by comparing two strategies, conventional and literature circle, for two intact groups in post test at primary school implementing a blended curriculum (Tuckman, 1978; Creswell, 2008). The subjects were composed of 42 students of Grade 5, 5 A for the control group and 5B for the experimental one. The instruments used consisted of posttest for the critical reading competence, observation sheet, underlying relevant documents, interview guide, and questionnaire, and all were validated and tried out. Based on the results of t-test (.002<.05), it revealed that in the significance level of.05 the null hypothesis was rejected meaning that literature circle strategy was verified effective and meaningful in improving the students’ critical reading, specifically in making judgments and producing a summary. It is recommended that the strategy should be implemented as early as primary school, especially for the upper classes to improve their critical thinking for future life.

Keywords: Literature circle strategy, critical reading, across learning strategies, English for Young Learners
Integrated Methods for Improving Housemaids’ Basic English: A Case at the Community Development Program in Kupang, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Metboki Yakob , . Erny S. N. Hambandima 
Published: February 2020

Having qualified migrant workers to work abroad is necessary. Indonesia has been one among the other Asian countries to send most of its migrant laborers working in middle-class jobs in foreign countries. Pre- departure preparation is an important component in the preparation process and plays a key role in performing good personality in services. Despite their personal reasons and expectations for their life changes, most Indonesian migrant workers suffer from several major drawbacks. This study, therefore, gives an account of the integration of alternative methods for basic English teaching for housemaids candidates through a community development program in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It aims to enable the workers with basic English for intercultural communication in the mainstream job market in target countries with a diversity of language and cultures. To date, various methods have been applied to measure the participants’ basic English ability and the participants are given basic English teaching for three months (March-May 2019). Thirty-five students departure were recruited for this study. To see if the selected methods are integrated for the practicality of basic English teaching, there was a comprehensive observation to find out whether the English teaching and learning run as contextual as possible. The results show that integrating Grammar-Translation Method, Contextual Language Teaching and Total Physical Response gives much to account for contextualizing students with a basic level of English to manage themselves in English for intercultural communication for housemaids tasks in the target countries. Findings of basic English teaching and learning practices are discussed contextually.

Keywords: housemaids, basic English, methods, community development