bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the linkage between the boreal winter Hadley cell and various tropical sea surface temperature meridional structures
Authors: Feng Juan , Li Jianping , An Ran , Wang Yaqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the asymmetric response of the boreal winter Hadley cell (HC) to the meridional structures of the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) over the period 1979–2016. The variations in the zonal‐mean SST and HC are decomposed into equatorially symmetric (i.e. SES for SST, HES for HC) and equatorially anti‐symmetric (i.e. SEA for SST, HEA for HC) components. The response of the HEA to a given amplitude variation in SEA is stronger (by around three times) than that of the HES to the same amplitude variation in SES; this response ratio for the boreal winter is smaller than that for the annual mean. The variations in boreal winter HEA and HES are both related to the canonical El Niño, but in different regions; that is, the HEA is connected to the tropical Northwest Pacific SST, whereas the HES is linked to the SST over the tropical Eastern Pacific. During the period 1979–2016, warming of the tropical Northwest Pacific SST weakened the HEA and contributed to the decreased response ratio of the boreal winter HC to tropical SST. This point is further supported by examining the situation over the period 1958–2001, during which an interdecadal variation of tropical Northwest Pacific SST modulated the linkage between the boreal winter HC and SST. This observation shows that the warming of Northwest Pacific SST contributes to the decreased sensitivity of the boreal winter HC to SST, raising the possibility that global warming may affect the relationship between the HC and SST.Key FindingsThe ratio of the Hadley circulation to different SST meridional structures is reduced during boreal winter. The result raises the possibility that the contribution of global warming in impacting the relationship between the Hadley circulation and SST.
The Effects of Lifetime Trauma Exposure on Cognitive Functioning in Midlife
Authors: Lynch Kristin S. , Lachman Margie E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that lifetime trauma exposure is associated with adulthood cognitive functioning. However, the nature and extent of this relation have yet to be fully explored. We used multilevel modeling to examine trauma exposure and age at first trauma exposure as predictors of the level of and change in cognitive functioning over a 9‐year period. Data were from the Midlife in the United States study, a national survey that began in 1995. Data regarding trauma exposure and age at first exposure were obtained from the 2004 wave, whereas cognitive data were obtained from the 2004 and 2013 waves. The analyses were conducted using data from the 2,471 participants (age range: 28–84 years) who had complete data on all variables from the 2004 wave. Lifetime trauma exposure predicted change in executive functioning (EF), B = −0.03, SE = 0.01, p = .015, 95% CI [−0.05, −0.01]; and episodic memory, B = −0.05, SE = 0.02, p = .023, 95% CI [−0.10, −0.01], such that individuals with more trauma exposure had more decline over 9 years. Age at first exposure also predicted change in EF, B = −0.002, SE = 0.00, p = .009, 95% CI [−0.004, −0.001], such that individuals who were first exposed to trauma later in life had greater EF decline than individuals whose first traumatic event occurred earlier in life. Delta pseudo‐ values were moderate, ΔpseudoR2 = .17–.39. These findings identify trauma exposure as a risk factor for cognitive decline in adulthood and highlight the elevated risk associated with adulthood trauma exposure.
Using Interpretation Bias Modification to Reduce Anger in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dillon Kirsten H. , Medenblik Alyssa M. , Mosher Tiffany M. , Elbogen Eric B. , Morland Leslie A. , Beckham Jean C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifficulty controlling anger is the most commonly reported reintegration concern among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of the mechanisms associated with problematic anger is a tendency to interpret ambiguous interpersonal situations as hostile, known as the hostile interpretation bias (HIB). A computer‐based interpretation bias modification (IBM) intervention has been shown to successfully reduce HIB and anger but has not been tested in veterans with PTSD. The current study was a pilot trial of this IBM intervention modified to address problematic anger among veterans with PTSD. Veterans with PTSD and a high level of anger (N = 7) completed eight sessions of IBM treatment over the course of 4 weeks. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires at pre‐ and posttreatment assessment visits, as well as a treatment acceptability interview at posttreatment. Veterans experienced large reductions in hostile interpretation bias and anger from pre‐ to posttreatment, ds = 1.03–1.96, although these estimates may be unstable due to the small sample size. The feasibility for recruitment, retention, and treatment completion were high. Questionnaire and interview data demonstrated that most participants were satisfied with the treatment and found it helpful and easy to use. Overall, IBM for anger was feasible and acceptable to veterans with PTSD and was associated with reductions in hostile interpretations and self‐reported anger outcomes. Further research examining this approach is warranted.
Soil quality indices for metal(loid) contamination: An enzymatic perspective
Authors: Aponte Humberto , Medina Jorge , Butler Benjamin , Meier Sebastian , Cornejo Pablo , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoil degradation by metal and metalloid (metal[loid]) contamination represents a widespread environmental threat. Most studies investigating soil metal(loid) contamination have disregarded the soil quality concept. Enzyme activities (EAs) are good soil quality indicators due to their direct connection to functions related to C, N, P, and S cycles and their sensitivity to metal(loid) contamination. This review (a) provides an overview of the development of soil quality indices (SQIs) based on EAs in metal(loid) contaminated soils, and (b) evaluates the effects of individual metal(loid)s and their combinations on the activities of the most common enzymes involved in the C, N, P, and S cycles. Four intracellular mechanisms dominate the inhibition of EAs by metal(loid)s: (a) transcription inhibition, (b) protein denaturation, (c) cell division inhibition, (d) cell membrane disruption. These mechanisms can also be further exacerbated in soil by nonspecific exoenzyme inhibition. The main EAs used as indicators for metal(loid) contaminated soils are dehydrogenase (DHA), arylsulfatase (ARY), urease (UA), acid phosphatase (Pacid), alkaline phosphatase (Palk), and catalase (CAT). These enzymes are sensitive to metal(loid) contamination, with DHA and ARY being the most sensitive indicators (62 and 56% inhibition, respectively, when averaged over all metal[loid] contamination levels). Other enzymes are inhibited by 32% (UA), 23% (Palk), 18% (Pacid), and 18% (CAT). We suggest principles for the development of SQIs considering biotic soil functions via the use of EAs. This review is the first presenting SQIs based on EAs for metal(loid) contaminated soils, and represents the first quantitative analysis of metal(loid) effects on EAs.
Comparative study on two imidazolium‐based ionic liquid surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel in 15% hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Qiao Kangquan , Zeng Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA comparative study on 1‐dodecyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium chloride ([DDMIM]Cl) and 1‐benzyl‐3‐dodecyl‐2‐methylimidazol‐1‐ium chloride ([BDMIM]Cl) as corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel in a 15% hydrochloric acid solution was performed by surface tension tests, electrochemical measurements, weight loss, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and theoretical calculations. The experimental results confirm that [DDMIM]Cl and [BDMIM]Cl act as mixed‐type inhibitors. The adsorption of both inhibitors on the N80 steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and [BDMIM]Cl exhibits better inhibitive performance, lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), and a lower ratio of saturation adsorption concentration on the steel surface to its own CMC than [DDMIM]Cl. The results of theoretical calculations reveal that the electron‐donating/accepting capacities and hydrophobicity of the benzyl substituent in the imidazole ring are essential for preventing steel corrosion in acid media.
Development of a compact monocycle pulse generator for UWB impulse radar applications
Authors: Lee Doojin , Shaker George , Melek William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a compact size (16 × 16 mm) of the monocycle pulse generator is proposed for Ultrawide‐band (UWB) impulse radar applications. The proposed circuit is based on the step recovery diodes (SRDs) and has a very simple structure. It consists of a coupling part, short pulse generating part, and monocycle forming part. The performance of the pulse generator is compared against simulation results which are performed by advanced design system (ADS). The measured monocycle waveform has a pulse width of 150 ps with the tail ringing level of −11 dB and symmetry of 87%. The corresponding spectrum has a center frequency of around 2.6 GHz with −10 dB bandwidth of 4 GHz. The performance of the pulse generator is validated by analyzing the receiving waveform. The pulse width and the ringing level of the received waveform are observed to be 250 ps and −11 dB, respectively. The developed compact monocycle pulse generator is very attractive because of the ease of integration into the limited physical space inside the UWB system.
Metabolite cycled liver 1H MRS on a 7 T parallel transmit system
Authors: Xavier Aline , Arteaga de Castro Catalina , Andia Marcelo E. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W. , Fillmer Ariane , Prompers Jeanine J. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionSingle‐voxel 1H MRS in body applications often suffers from respiratory and other motion induced phase and frequency shifts, which lead to incoherent averaging and hence to suboptimal results.MethodsHere we show the application of metabolite cycling (MC) for liver STEAM‐localized 1H MRS on a 7 T parallel transmit system, using eight transmit‐receive fractionated dipole antennas with 16 additional, integrated receive loops. MC‐STEAM measurements were made in six healthy, lean subjects and compared with STEAM measurements using VAPOR water suppression. Measurements were performed during free breathing and during synchronized breathing, for which the subjects did breathe in between the MRS acquisitions. Both intra‐session repeatability and inter‐session reproducibility of liver lipid quantification with MC‐STEAM and VAPOR‐STEAM were determined.ResultsThe preserved water signal in MC‐STEAM allowed for robust phase and frequency correction of individual acquisitions before averaging, which resulted in in vivo liver spectra that were of equal quality when measurements were made with free breathing or synchronized breathing. Intra‐session repeatability and inter‐session reproducibility of liver lipid quantification were better for MC‐STEAM than for VAPOR‐STEAM. This may also be explained by the more robust phase and frequency correction of the individual MC‐STEAM acquisitions as compared with the VAPOR‐STEAM acquisitions, for which the low‐signal‐to‐noise ratio lipid signals had to be used for the corrections.ConclusionNon‐water‐suppressed MC‐STEAM on a 7 T system with parallel transmit is a promising approach for 1H MRS applications in the body that are affected by motion, such as in the liver, and yields better repeatability and reproducibility compared with water‐suppressed measurements.
Social support predicted quality of life in people receiving haemodialysis treatment: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Alshraifeen Ali , Al‐Rawashdeh Sami , Alnuaimi Karimeh , Alzoubi Fatmeh , Tanash Muath , Ashour Ala , Al‐Hawamdih Sajidah , Al‐Ghabeesh Suhair 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine levels of social support and quality of life (QOL) and to examine the association between social support and QOL in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) treatment.DesignA cross‐sectional study.Methodsocial support and QOL were measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social Support (MSPSS) and the World Health Organization QOL‐BREF questionnaires, respectively. A convenience sample of 195 patients receiving HD from different dialysis units across Jordan completed the questionnaires.ResultsRespondents scored highest on the social relationships domain of QOL (55.5 SD 21.4) compared with the lowest mean scores of the physical and environmental domains (48.6 SD 20.4; 46.2 SD 17.3, respectively). social support had a positive significant association with quality of life. Multiple linear regression identified age and social support as influencing factors, explaining 24.6% of the total variance in the social domain of quality of life.Understanding the relationship between social support and QOL in patients receiving HD may provide guidance to the healthcare providers, family members and social services about the importance of social support to this group of patients.
Do obesity and low levels of physical activity increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with prior gestational diabetes in rural China?
Authors: Mao Ping , Jiang Shan , Guo Jia , Long Qing , Zhang Honghui , Chen Jyu‐Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModerate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and obesity play important roles in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Yet, how MVPA affects the risk of developing T2DM among women with prior GDM across the different categories of obesity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to describe the levels of postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), obesity indicators (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]), and MVPA and to explore the independent effect and joint effect of MVPA and obesity indicators (BMI and WC) on the risk for developing AGT among women with prior GDM in rural China. A total of 425 women with prior GDM were recruited from two county‐level hospitals in Western and Eastern Hunan, China. Data were collected with self‐reported measurements on sociodemographics and clinical factors as well as postpartum weight‐related behaviors (physical activity and dietary intake). The 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test, weight, height, and WC were measured on site. Binary logistic regression models and multiplitive interaction models were used to explore the independent and joint associations of BMI and MVPA as well as WC and MVPA on AGT, respectively. One‐fifth (20.9%) of the sample women had AGT. The obesity indicators were significantly associated with an increased risk of postpartum AGT, but MVPA was not. In joint effect analyses, larger WC and insufficient MVPA were not significantly associated with increased risk of AGT compared with normal WC and sufficient MVPA (mutually adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–4.43; p > .05). In joint effect analyses of MVPA and BMI, the mutually adjusted OR for developing AGT in women who were obese and had insufficient MVPA was 4.49 (95% CI, 1.35–14.92; p < .05) compared with normal weight and sufficient MVPA. Adequate weight management and increased MVPA are warranted for Chinese women with prior GDM to prevent T2DM.
Potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in community healthcare institutions in Beijing, China
Authors: Fu Mengyuan , Wushouer Haishaerjiang , Nie Xiaoyan , Shi Luwen , Guan Xiaodong , Ross‐Degnan Dennis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) prevalence and predictors in community healthcare institutions (CHIs) for the elderly.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study, deriving data of patients aged ≥60 from 66 CHIs in Beijing, 2014‐2018. The system of Criteria of PIM for Older Adults in China was applied to identify PIMs. The primary outcome was the prevalence of visits with at least one PIM; secondary outcomes were the frequency and rate per thousand visits of specific PIMs. We used descriptive analysis and generalized linear models to analyzed PIMs and the predictors, and marginal effects methods were applied to estimate the mean adjusted PIMs prevalence.ResultsOverall, 4 528 884 elderly patient visits from 2014 to 2018 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 719 757 PIMs were detected, with 14.1% of the visits contained at least one PIM. PIM prevalence was significantly correlated with age, number of prescribed medications and number of diagnoses. Overall, 6.0 per thousand elderly patients in CHIs were exposed to at least one high‐risk PIM, while 117.5 per thousand were exposed to at least one low‐risk PIM. In 2018, 20% of GPs were responsible for more than half of overall PIM visits.ConclusionPrescribing of PIMs for older adults is common in CHIs in China, especially for patients who are aged, having multiple medications and diagnostic diseases. Strategies should be developed to enhance prescribing quality for geriatric patients, with special targeting of doctors responsible for a high number of PIMs.
Registration of ‘CP 11‐2248’ sugarcane for Florida organic soils
Authors: Zhao D. , Davidson R.W. , Gordon V.S. , Islam Md S. , McCord P.H. , Sandhu H.S. , Sood S. , Comstock J.C. , Baltazar M. , Singh M.P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘CP 11‐2248’ (Reg. no. CV‐193, PI 692134) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and released to Florida growers for organic (muck) soils in June 2018. CP 11‐2248 was developed from a polycross made at Canal Point, FL, on 16 Dec. 2009, with a breeding line CP 06‐2664 as the female parent. The male parent was unknown and could be any one of the clones used in the polycross. CP 11‐2248 was released for commercial use as an improved sugarcane cultivar because of its acceptable levels of resistance or tolerance to brown rust, orange rust, smut, leaf scald, and mosaic. CP 11‐2248 was moderately susceptible to ratoon stunting disease and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus in Florida. Based on the results of 19 harvests of three crops (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon) in the final‐stage (i.e., Stage 4) replicated yield trials carried out at seven locations with muck soils in Florida, CP 11‐2248 had equivalent or slightly higher sucrose yield than check cultivars CP 96‐1252 and CP 00‐1101. CP 11‐2248 may be poor in response to freezing temperatures based on the field tests in north Florida for temporal sucrose deterioration.
Predicting Falls Using the Stroke Assessment of Fall Risk Tool
Authors: Yang Christine , Ghaedi Bahareh , Campbell T. Mark , Rutkowski Nicole , Finestone Hillel 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundFalls in the inpatient stroke population are common, resulting in increased morbidity and slow rehabilitation progress. Falls may result from stroke‐specific neurologic deficits; however, assessment of these deficits is lacking in many fall screening tools.ObjectiveTo compare the ability to predict falls of the Stroke Assessment of Fall Risk (SAFR) tool, which includes items related to stroke‐specific neurologic deficits, and the commonly used Morse Fall Scale, which does not include these items.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingInpatient tertiary stroke rehabilitation unit.ParticipantsPatients (N = 220) with acute stroke.Main Outcome MeasuresFalls were captured by the medical records from January 2017 to September 2018. Logistic regression analysis evaluated both screening tools for predicting falls by calculating sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC‐ROC) curve, and odds ratio (OR). We compared SAFR and Morse mean scores between fallers and non‐fallers using t‐tests.ResultsForty‐eight (21.8%) patients experienced ≥1 fall. SAFR, but not Morse, scores showed a statistically significant difference between fallers and non‐fallers (P = .001 vs P = .24, respectively). Higher SAFR score was associated with higher odds of falls (OR 1.36, 95% CI [1.12, 1.64]), whereas Morse was not (OR 1.04, 95% CI [0.97, 1.12]). SAFR showed a statistically significant difference in hemi‐neglect between fallers and non‐fallers (P = .03). Sensitivity and specificity of SAFR were 47.9% and 76.7%, vs 45.8% and 68.0% for Morse, respectively. SAFR positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 36.5% and 84.1%, respectively, similar to Morse (28.6% and 81.8%). The AUC‐ROC was 0.65 for SAFR and 0.56 for Morse.ConclusionsSAFR was significantly associated with fall risk and had better discrimination between fallers and non‐fallers than Morse. The neurologic‐specific hemi‐neglect component of SAFR, a component not present on the Morse, was a fall risk factor. Further research evaluating the predictive value of fall scales that include neurologic deficits is needed.
Atomic oxygen radical‐induced intracellular oxidization of mould spore cells
Authors: Tanaka Yuta , Oh Jun‐Seok , Hashizume Hiroshi , Ohta Takayuki , Kato Masashi , Hori Masaru , Ito Masafumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe inactivation mechanism of mould spores using plasma‐generated neutral reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated in this paper. Typical cell viability using a counting of colony‐forming unit assay indicated a major state of the spore cells. Both intracellular and extracellular damages have been investigated by a couple of well‐established cell visualization techniques: confocal fluorescence emission microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It is revealed in this paper that the combination of the spore cell viability with those visualization results strongly suggested an early stage of the cell inactivation when ROS can induce intracellular lipid peroxidation through both nanometer‐thick lipid cell membrane and less‐damaged several hundred nanometer‐thick cell wall.
Influence of MgF2 nanoparticles in the plasma polymer fluorocarbon‐based transparent nanocomposite thin films on the surface hardness properties
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Um Min Seop , Choi Woo Jin , Yang Yong Suk , Lee Sang‐Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the chemical structure at the interfaces of nanocomposite thin films, consisting of MgF2 nanoparticles and a plasma polymer fluorocarbon (PPFC) matrix, was analyzed to elucidate the relationship between fluorine dispersion and surface properties. Using self‐made MgF2–carbon nanotube–polytetrafluoroethylene ternary composite sputtering targets, MgF2 nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the PPFC matrix through sputtering. The spectrometric analysis showed that the fluorine atoms transfer at the nanoparticle interface created a carbon‐rich region in the PPFC polymer matrix, resulting in higher thin film hardness. The optimized MgF2 nanoparticle/PPFC matrix thin film showed that surface hardness reached 4.32 GPa, and it also exhibited high optical transparency and water repellency. MgF2–PPFC nanocomposite thin film could be applicable to protective optical coatings for display and automotive windows.