bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Labor Participation on The Health of Middle-Aged People——An Empirical Analysis From China
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gao Jianmin , Li Dan , Dong Wanyue , Yang Wei , Shen Chi , Cao Dan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: China has entered into an aging society and will continue to age rapidly in the future. The middle-aged (45~59 years old) is aging, and the workforce participating in labor is shrinking. Since there is few empirical researches on the relationship between labor participation and the health of middle-aged people, the aim of this study is to study the effect of labor participation on the health of middle-aged people. Methods: The data of CHARLS in 2015 were adopted. In this study, self-assessed health, chronic diseases and depression were used as health measurement indicators, and the work status was used to measure the labor participation. To control possible endogenousness, our study used Propensity Score Matching to match people who participated in labor and those who did not; Then logit regression analysis was used among matched data to study the association of labor participation with the health of middle-aged people. Results: The study showed that the self-rated health of middle-aged people with labor participation was 1.3 times higher than those without labor participation. In terms of the probability of suffering from chronic diseases, middle-aged people who participated in labor were 0.6 lower than those who did not participate in labor. In terms of the probability of depression, the middle-aged people who participated in labor were 0.8 times lower than those who did not participate in labor. Conclusions: The health of middle-aged people participating in labor was obviously better than those who did not participate in labor. Our study provided the evidence for policy making on health promotion, delayed retirement and employment promotion.
Assessing Current And Preferred Sources Of Information On Adolescents’ Sexual And Reproductive Health In Southeast Nigeria: Improving Adolescent Health Programming
Authors: Agu Chibuike Innocent , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Agu Ifunanya Clara , Okeke Chinyere , Ezenwaka Uchenna , Ndubuisi Mildred , Ezumah Nkoli , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Many adolescents lack appropriate information about their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Although there are numerous information on SRH, they vary in content and quality, and these have implications for the accuracy and appropriateness of SRH information adolescents can access. This study examined the sources of SRH information for adolescents, the value adolescents place on these sources and their significance for adolescent health programming.Method: This was a mixed methods, community-based, cross-sectional study that was conducted in six local government areas in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using pre-tested questionnaire that was administered to 1057 unmarried adolescents aged 13-18 years. The qualitative data were: Seventy-seven in-depth interviews (IDIs) with stakeholders; twelve (12) focus group discussions (FGDs) with adolescents; and six FGDs with village head. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed for quantitative data using Stata software while thematic framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data.Result: It was found that 60.5% and 39.8% of adolescents reported that school teachers and mothers respectively were their major sources of information about pubertal changes, while teachers (36.3%) and friends (29.8%) were the commonest sources of information on relationship with opposite sex. There were statistically significant associations between sources of information about relationships and age category (p≤0.09). Additional common sources of SRH information elicited through IDIs with adolescents include internet, social media and mass media. Although adolescents valued the information provided by teachers and parents, they preferred information on SRH from their friends/peers, social media and mass media because these sources are easy to access with a guarantee of some level of confidentiality. In the opinion of parents and other stakeholders, sources of appropriate SRH information for adolescents were health workers, teachers, parents and adult family members; whereas peers/friends and social media were considered as inappropriate sources of SRH information for adolescents.Conclusion: Efforts at addressing the need of adolescents for SRH information should be targeted at their valued and preferred sources, whilst maintaining a delicate balance with the choices and expectations of their parents and adult family members.
Talking But Not Always Understanding: Couple Communication About Infertility Concerns After Cancer
Authors: Hawkey Alexandra Jane , Ussher Jane Maria , Perz Janette , Parton Chloe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer survivorship and infertility are widely acknowledged to be relational experiences, with couple communication facilitating coping. However, little is known about the ways in which couples communicate about cancer related fertility concerns.Objective: The aim of the study was to examine how couples communicate about cancer related fertility concerns, and the perceived quality of such communication from the perspective of cancer survivors and their partners. Methods: Eight-hundred and seventy-eight cancer survivors (693 women, 185 men) and 144 partners (82 women, 62 men), across a range of tumour types and age groups, completed a survey which examined cancer related fertility concerns. Seventy-eight people with cancer (61 women and 17 men), and 26 partners (13 women and 13 men), participated in semi-structured interviews to examine the relational context of infertility. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews and open ended survey questions about fertility concerns and relationships. Valid percentages for single items from the relationships subscale of the Fertility Preservation Inventory (FPI), related to themes identified in the qualitative data, identified the commonality of responses across the sample. Results: Our findings suggest that the majority of couples could both communicate about cancer related fertility concerns and had concerns about the adequacy and impact of such communication. This is reflected in the overarching theme identified in our analysis: Talking but not always understanding: Couple communication about infertility concerns after cancer. Subthemes included: Positive couple communication about fertility concerns leads to support, understanding and relationship growth; Conflict and silencing of conversations surrounding cancer and infertility leads to relationship tension; and Managing infertility disclosure in new and future relationships. Conclusion: Open and honest couple communication about cancer related fertility concerns is associated with feeling supported and understood, facilitating relationship satisfaction and coping. Health-care professionals working in cancer care should include partners of cancer survivors in discussions of fertility. Couple interventions developed in general psycho-oncology should be extended to the domain of fertility, in order to facilitate effective couple communication. Communication in future relationships needs to be addressed for single people and adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have oncofertility concerns.
Urinary cytology as a tool for differential diagnosis between acute tubular necrosis and proliferative glomerulonephritis in patients with nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury
Authors: de Melo Caroline Vilas Boas , Tavares Maria Brandão , Fernandes Paula Neves , Silva Carlos Alberto Santos , Couto Ricardo David , Oliveira Marília Bahiense , dos-Santos Washington LC 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). In patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), AKI demands the differential diagnosis between ATN and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In some cases, conclusive diagnosis is possible only by kidney biopsy. We aimed to study the potential use of urine cytology in the differential diagnosis between ATN and proliferative glomerular lesion in patients with NS.Results Cell size analysis showed a higher proportion of small cells and a lower proportion of large cells in the urine of patients with AKI. Cells phenotypes were easily defined using cytological preparations. Leukocytes were found to be a primary classifier of NS groups, with higher number in patients with AKI and patients with proliferative glomerular lesions. Our data suggests that urinary cytology can be readily performed and support the differential diagnosis between proliferative glomerular lesion and ATN in patients with NS and AKI.
Whole-Exome Sequencing in 168 Korean Patients with Inherited Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Ma Dae Joong , Lee Hyun-Seob , Kim Kwangsoo , Choi Seongmin , Jang Insoon , Cho Seo-Ho , Yoon Chang-Ki , Lee Eun Kyoung , Yu Hyeong Gon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, no genetic analysis of inherited retinal disease (IRD) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been conducted in a large-scale Korean cohort. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic profile of IRD patients in Korea using WES.Methods: We performed comprehensive molecular testing in 168 unrelated Korean IRD patients using WES. The potential pathogenicity of candidate variants was assessed using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology variant interpretation guidelines, in silico prediction tools, the published literature, and compatibility with known phenotypes or inheritance patterns.Results: Causative variants were detected in 86/168 (51.2%) IRD patients, including 58/107 (54.2%) with retinitis pigmentosa, 7/15 (46.7%) with cone and cone-rod dystrophy, 2/3 (66.6%) with Usher syndrome, 1/2 with (50.0%) congenital stationary night blindness, 2/2 (100.0%) with Leber congenital amaurosis, 1/1 (100.0%) with Bietti crystalline dystrophy, 1/1 (100.0%) with Joubert syndrome, 9/10 (90.0%) with Stargardt macular dystrophy, 1/10 (10.0%) with vitelliform macular dystrophy, 1/11 (9.1%) with other forms of macular dystrophy, and 3/4 (75.0%) with choroideraemia. USH2A, ABCA4, and EYS were the most common causative genes associated with IRD. For retinitis pigmentosa, variants of USH2A and EYS were the most common causative gene mutations.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the distribution of causative genetic mutations in Korean IRD patients. The data will serve as a reference for future genetic screening and the development of treatment modalities for Korean IRD patients.
The gaps in health-adjusted life years (HALE) by income and region in Korea: a national representative bigdata analysis
Authors: Kim Young-Eun , Ock Minsu , Park Hyesook , Kim Ki-beom , Go Dun-Sol , Jung Yoon-Sun , Yoon Seok-Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background: This study aims to calculate the health-adjusted life years (HALE) by using years lived with disability from the national claims data and aims to identify the differences and inequalities in income level and region. Methods: The study was carried out on total population receiving health insurance and medical benefits. We calculated incidence-based years lived with disability (YLD) for 260 disease groups, and this was used as the number of healthy years lost to calculate HALE. We adopted the insurance premium to calculate the income as a proxy indicator. For the region classification, we chose 250 administrative districts to cover the whole country.Results: The primary outcome was HALE in the Korean population. The second outcome was the HALE’s gap in terms of income and region. HALE increased from 2008 to 2016. Results by gender suggest that HALE in males increases faster than in females. Results by income level show that HALE is higher in higher income level. In 2016, the gap in HALE between Q1 and Q2, the lower income group, was about 5.10 years. The gap in females by income level was smaller than that in males, which can be because males have greater inequality in terms of HALE by income level. Moreover, the gap in HALE by region was found to increase.Conclusions: Results suggest that there is an inequality in years of living with disability in terms of income level in Korea. Therefore, we need intensive management for the low-income group to promote HALE at the national level.
Association between social capital and depression among older people: evidence from Anhui Province, China
Authors: Bai Zhongliang , Xu Zhiwei , Xu Xiaoru , Qin Xia , Hu Wenbiao , Hu Zhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine the relationship between social capital and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Anhui Province, China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older people selected from three cities of Anhui Province, China using a multi-stage stratiﬁed cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews and information on demographic characteristics, social capital, and depression was collected. The generalized linear model and classification and regression tree model were employed to assess the association between social capital and depression. Results: Totally, 1,810 older people aged ≥ 60 years were included in the final analysis. Overall, all of the social capital dimensions were positively associated with depression: social participation (coefficient: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.22 - 0.48), social support (coefficient:0.18, 95% CI:0.07 - 0.28), social connection (coefficient: 0.76, 95% CI:0.53 - 1.00), trust (coefficient:0.62, 95% CI:0.33 - 0.92), cohesion (coefficient:0.31, 95% CI:0.17 - 0.44) and reciprocity (coefficient:0.30, 95% CI:0.11 - 0.48), which suggested that older people with higher social capital had a smaller chance to develop depression. A complex joint effect of certain social capital dimensions on depression was also observed. The association with depression and the combinative effect of social capital varied among older adults across the cities. Conclusions: Our study suggests that improving social capital could aid in the prevention of depression among older adults.
Heavy metal levels in drinking water sources of Chingola District, Zambia
Authors: Hamwiinga Francis , Meki Chisala D. , Mubita Patricia , Halwiindi Hikabasa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: One of the factors impeding access to safe water is water pollution. Of particular concern is heavy metal contamination of water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources of Chingola District of Zambia. Methods: A cross sectional study was employed. A total of 60 water samples were collected. Thirsty (30) samples were collected in the dry season in the month of October 2016 and another 30 in the wet season in the months of February and March, 2017. For each season 10 water samples were collected from each of the three water sources. i.e. Tap water, Urban ground water sources and Rural ground water sources. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Results: This study revealed that the concentrations of Iron, Manganese, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic were beyond maximum permissible levels in various water sources. Combined averages for both dry and wet seasons were as follows: Iron: 2.3, Copper: 0.63, Cobalt: 0.02, Manganese: 0.36, Lead: 0.04, Zinc:3.2, Nickel: 0.03, Arsenic: 0.05. Chromium and Cadmium were below detection limit in all water samples. The median concentrations of iron, arsenic, copper, manganese in drinking water from the Tap, rural and urban ground water sources were different, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The median concentrations of arsenic, nickel, manganese and cobalt were different between dry and wet season, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sources of heavy metals in water seems to be both natural and from human activities. The concentration of heavy metals in different water sources in this study was found to be above the recommended levels. This calls for improvement in water monitoring to protect the health of the public. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water sources by regulatory authorities.
Disparities in Child Survival in Ethiopia: Evidence From Nationally Represented Data
Authors: Feng Cindy Xin , Geda Nigatu Regassa , Whiting Susan J. , Janzen Bonnie , Lepnurm Rein , Henry Carol J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Even though Ethiopia has made considerable progress in improving child health and survival, the country is experiencing one of the highest infant and under 5 mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the disparities in child health and survival in Ethiopia.Method: Data were drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Proportional odds regression was used to identify the determinants of poor child health and survival outcomes. The Mosley and Cohen’s child health framework was used to measure child survival. Results: The proportion of both poor health and mortality were high. The likelihood of falling into the poor health and survival category increases for: male children; children born with preceding birth interval of <18 months; those never breastfed; born to mothers having higher deprivation index or having poor health service utilization score; poor diet diversity score; living in a household with non-improved toilet facility; having a father with low education level; and those living in a community where mothers’ education is low (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inequalities hamper Ethiopia’s true progress in improving child health and survival. Given the fact that nearly two-thirds of Ethiopian women have no education and half live in financially disadvantaged households, this study recommends aggressive intervention in promoting women’s status at the grassroots level through community education and behavioral communication strategies that will eventually help to significantly reduce huge disparity in early mortality in the population.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia
Authors: Muonga Elizabeth Muligisa , Mainda Geoffrey , Mukuma Mercy , Kwenda Geoffrey , Hang'ombe Bernard , Bumbangi Flavien , Phiri Nelson , Mwansa Mwaba , Munyeme Musso , Muma John Bwalya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from raw retail broiler chicken carcasses purchased from open and supermarkets in Zambia.ResultsA total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 antibiotics. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tet A, Sul 1 and bla CTX-M . WHONET 2018 software was used to analyse AST results. The E. coli isolates were mostly resistant to tetracycline (79.4%), ampicillin (51.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.7%). Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the 104 isolates that were screened for the presence of the resistant genes possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw retail broiler chicken carcasses from open and supermarkets, which is of public health concern.
Inverse Problem for Identification of Infectivity and Recovery Rates in SIR Epidemic Models as Functions of Time Illustrated with Corona Virus Dynamics up to July 09, 2020
Authors: Marinov Tchavdar , Marinova Rossitza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This work deals with the inverse problem in epidemiology based on a SIR model with time-dependent infectivity and recovery rates, allowing for a better prediction of the long term evolution of a pandemic. The method is used for investigating the COVID-19 spread by first solving an inverse problem for estimating the infectivity and recovery rates from real data. Then, the estimated rates are used to compute the evolution of the disease. The time-depended parameters are estimated for the World and several countries (The United States of America, Canada, Italy, France, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand) and used for investigating the COVID-19 spread in these countries.
Early initiation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification using the AN69ST (oXiris®) hemofilter as a treatment modality for COVID - 19 patients: a single-centre case series
Authors: Ugurov Petar , Popevski Dijana , Gramosli Tanja , Neziri Dashurie , Vuckova Dragica , Stoicovski Emil , Veljanovska-Kiridjievska Lidija , Ignevska Katerina , Mehandziska Sanja , Ambarkova Elena , Rosalia Rodney Alexander , Mitrev Zan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Our understanding of the COVID-19 disease has been steadily evolving since the original outbreak in December 2019. Advanced disease is characterised by a hyperinflammatory state, systemic coagulopathies and multiorgan involvement, in particular respiratory distress. We here describe our initial experience with treating of COVID-19 patients based on early initiation of extracorporeal blood purification, systemic heparinisation and respiratory support.Methods: 15 patients were included; 2 were females. We monitored real-time several biochemical, immunological and coagulation biomarkers associated with disease severity following admission to our dedicated COVID-19 intensive care unit. To guide personalised treatment, we monitored among others levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios, Thrombocyte counts, D-Dimers, Fibrinogen, and Activation Clotting time (ACT).Treatment consisted of individualised respiratory support supplemented with 1 - 4 cycles of 24-hour Extracorporeal Organ Support (ECOS) and Blood Purification using the AN69ST (oXiris®) hemofilter. We administered heparin (300 U/kg) to counter suspected hypercoagulability (= elevated Fibrinogen or D-dimers) states to maintain ACT ≥ 180 seconds.Results: N = 10 presented with severe to critical disease (= dyspnoea, hypoxia, respiratory rate > 30/min, peripheral oxygen saturation < 90%, or > 50% lung involvement on X-ray imaging). A single case was admitted with a critical condition (= respiratory failure). One patient died after 5 days of hospitalisation after developing Acute Respiratory Syndrome. 8 Patients have been discharged - average ICU length-of-stay was 9.9 ± 2.4 days. Clinical improvement was associated with normalisation (increase) of thrombocytes, white blood cells, stable levels of IL-6 (< 50 ng/mL) and a decrease of CRP and Fibrinogen. Conclusion: Means to monitor COVID-19 disease severity during hospitalisation are crucial to control disease progression and prevent hyperinflammation and irreversible multiorgan failure. We present here a real-time monitoring system accounting for biochemical, immunological, coagulation parameters and radiological imaging. The combination of systemic heparin anticoagulation regimens and blood purification may prevent hyperinflammation, thromboembolism during hospitalisation and thus support clinical recovery.