bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental microwear as a diet indicator in the seventeenth-century human population from Iasi City, Romania
Authors: Petraru Ozana-Maria , Groza Vasilica-Monica , Lobiuc Andrei , Bejenaru Luminita , Popovici Mariana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dental microwear analysis (DMA) focuses on diet reconstructions, being able to provide proxy indicators of some events regarding technological shifts in food processing and social hierarchy and differences between individuals. Although DMA approaches diet characterization in ancient times, medieval samples have received limited attention, especially in Eastern Europe. The aim of this article is to explore, identify, and describe within-group patterns of dental microwear variation depending on sex and anatomic position (i.e., left/right, superior/inferior). The bioarchaeological material belongs to the Princely Court Necropolis of the seventeenth century discovered in Iasi (Romania)—the former capital city of Medieval Moldavia. We analyzed the micromorphological features on the occlusal surface of the second molar tooth through scanning electronic microscopy and imaging. Quantification of the microwear features (i.e., fine and coarse scratches, small and large pits) along with their bidimensional measurements (i.e., length and width) has been subjected to multivariate analysis. Our results show heterogeneous distribution of the microwear features within the analyzed second molars. Although the general microwear profile is dominated by fine and coarse scratches, large pits are also present. We can generally characterize the food as abrasive and relatively hard. In females, there are two microwear profiles highlighted based on the molar laterality, which suggests the use of the right side of the oral cavity to process harder foods. In males, the microwear profile is homogeneous and does not differ by laterality; it shows a great affinity with the pattern of the female right molars.
Finite-emittance Wigner crystals in the bubble regime
Authors: Reichwein Lars , Thomas Johannes , Pukhov Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the influence of finite-emittance electron bunches in the bubble regime of laser-driven wakefield acceleration onto the microscopic structure of the bunch itself. Using resilient backpropagation (Rprop) to find the equilibrium structure, we observe that for realistic and already observed emittances the previously found crystalline structures remain intact and are only widened marginally. Higher emittances lead to larger electron displacements within the crystal and finally its breaking.
Evaluation of the Kinematic Performance of a 3-

R

RS Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Wang Manxin , Chen Qiusheng , Liu Haitao , Huang Tian , Feng Hutian , Tian Wenjie 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a set of novel indices for evaluating the kinematic performance of a 3-RRS (R and S denote revolute and spherical joint respectively, R denotes active joint.), parallel mechanism whose translational and rotational movements are strongly coupled. First, the indices are formulated using the decoupled overall Jacobian matrix, which is developed using coordinate transformation. Then, the influences of the homogeneous dimensionless parameters on these indices are investigated. In addition, the dimension synthesis of the 3-RRS parallel mechanism is carried out by minimizing the mean value of the kinematic performance indices and their standard deviation. The results demonstrate that the established approach facilitates good global kinematic performance of the parallel mechanism.
Extensive scar modification for the treatment of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Hendriks Astrid A. , Kis Zsuzsanna , Akca Ferdi , Yap Sing-Chien , Wijchers Sip A. , Bhagwandien Rohit E. , Szili-Torok Tamas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Catheter ablation is an important therapeutic option for atrial tachycardias in patients with CHD. As a result of extensive scarring and surgical repair, multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia circuits develop and serve as a substrate for arrhythmias. The best ablation approach for patients with multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias has not been investigated. Here, we compared substrate-based ablation using extensive scar modification to conventional ablation.Methods:The present study included patients with surgically corrected CHD that underwent intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia ablation. Extensive scar modification was defined as substrate ablation based on a dense voltage map, aimed to eliminate all potentials in the scar region. The control group had activation mapping-based ablation. A clinical composite endpoint was assessed. Points were given for type, number, and treatment of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia recurrence.Results:In 40 patients, 63 (extensive scar modification 13) procedures were performed. Acute procedural success was achieved in 78%. Procedural duration was similar in both groups. Forty-nine percent had a recurrence within 1 year. During a 5-year follow-up (2.5–7.5 years), 46% required repeat catheter ablation. Compared to baseline, clinical composite endpoint significantly decreased by 46% after 12 months (p = 0.001). Acute procedural success, procedural parameters, recurrence and repeat ablation were similar between extensive scar modification and activation mapping-based ablation.Conclusion:Catheter ablation using extensive scar modification for intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias occurring after surgically corrected CHD illustrated similar short- and long-term outcomes and procedural efficiency compared to catheter ablation using activation mapping-based ablation. The choice of ablation approach for multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia should remain at the discretion of the operator.
Dietary flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods: validity and reproducibility of FFQ-derived intake estimates
Authors: Yue Yiyang , Petimar Joshua , Willett Walter C , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Yuan Changzheng , Rossato Sinara L , Sampson Laura , Rosner Bernard , Cassidy Aedin , Rimm Eric B , Ivey Kerry L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 152-item semi-quantitative FFQ (SFFQ) for estimating flavonoid intakes.Design:Over a 1-year period, participants completed two SFFQ and two weighed 7-d dietary records (7DDR). Flavonoid intakes from the SFFQ were estimated separately using Harvard (SFFQHarvard) and Phenol-Explorer (SFFQPE) food composition databases. 7DDR flavonoid intakes were derived using the Phenol-Explorer database (7DDRPE). Validity was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients deattenuated for random measurement error (rs), and reproducibility was assessed using rank intraclass correlation coefficients.Setting:This validation study included primarily participants from two large observational cohort studies.Participants:Six hundred forty-one men and 724 women.Results:When compared with two 7DDRPE, the validity of total flavonoid intake assessed by SFFQPE was high for both men and women (rs = 0·77 and rs = 0·74, respectively). The rs for flavonoid subclasses ranged from 0·47 for flavones to 0·78 for anthocyanins in men and from 0·46 for flavonols to 0·77 for anthocyanins in women. We observed similarly moderate (0·4–0·7) to high (≥0·7) validity when using SFFQHarvard estimates, except for flavonesHarvard (rs = 0·25 for men and rs = 0·19 for women). The SFFQ demonstrated high reproducibility for total flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intake estimates when using either food composition database. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0·69 (flavonolsPE) to 0·80 (proanthocyanidinsPE) in men and from 0·67 (flavonolsPE) to 0·77 (flavan-3-ol monomersHarvard) in women.Conclusions:SFFQ-derived intakes of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses (except for flavones) are valid and reproducible for both men and women.
Historicizing the Dual Categorization of the General Principles of Law by the ILC
Authors: EQBAL Md Tabish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Draft conclusion 3” of the first ILC report on the “general principles of law” expounds on two categories: general principles of law derived from national jurisdictions and those formed within the international legal system. This paper explores the drafting history of Article 38(1)(c) of the ICJ's Statute to investigate whether the Advisory Committee of Jurists, entrusted to frame a statute for the international court, had conceived the idea that, apart from domestic legal systems, the international legal framework could form general principles of law, or whether they were reluctant to endorse such an open-ended formulation which would give more liberty to judges to apply these principles as per their whims and fancies. The paper argues that the dual categorization of the general principles of law by the ILC has no substantive roots in the preparatory history of the ICJ's Statute and therefore it is purely an innovation by the ILC.
Predicting Stock Market Performance
Authors: Plieger Thomas , Grünhage Thomas , Duke Éilish , Reuter Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.
Passive Acoustic Measurement of Bedload Transport: Toward a Global Calibration Curve?
Authors: Geay T. , Zanker S. , Misset C. , Recking A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBedload transport is recognized as a key process in the development of river channel forms; however, most rivers suffer from an absence of data. Performing bedload measurements to document bedload transport rates is a challenge, as the deployment of traditional bedload samplers is time consuming and risky in floods. Consequently, bedload measurements are rarely executed. Alternative techniques are being developed to complement the use of traditional bedload measurements and to provide continuous monitoring. Passive acoustic measurements are made with hydrophones, measuring the underwater sounds naturally generated by bedload impacts in rivers. This paper proposes an innovative deployment of hydrophones to record bedload sounds at the scale of a cross section. The measured acoustic signals are interpreted with bedload samplings and with hydraulic and river bed parameters. Field experiments were done in 14 different sites, exploring a diversity of rivers. Bedload flux was observed to be the most consistent variable explaining the monitored acoustic power. Based on 25 experiments on 14 rivers, the cross‐section‐averaged acoustic power was related to the specific bedload flux and showed a good agreement (60% of bedload flux estimated within a factor of 2). The robustness of the obtained calibration curve remains to be tested. However, the potential of passive acoustic profiles to provide a continuous measurement of bedload sounds that could be used in the development of bedload gauging stations is shown.
Discovery of Active Hydrothermal Vent Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge, 8–12°S
Authors: Kim Jonguk , Son Seung‐Kyu , Kim Dongsung , Pak Sang‐Joon , Yu Ok Hwan , Walker Sharon L. , Oh Jihye , Choi Sun Ki , Ra Kongtae , Ko Youngtak , Kim Kyeong‐Hong , Lee Jun‐Ho , Son Juwon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFour new hydrothermal vent fields were discovered on the slow spreading Central Indian Ridge (8–12°S; Segments 1–3), all located off‐axis on abyssal hill structures or Ocean Core Complexes (OCCs). Each site was characterized using seafloor observation (towed camera system), plume chemistry (Fe, Mn, and CH4; Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth sensor [CTD]/Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder [MAPR]), and rock sampling (TVgrab/dredges). Different styles of venting on each segment reflect different geological settings, rock types, likely heat sources, and fluid pathways. The segment 1 field was located on the western flank of the axial valley at the base of OCC‐1‐1. High‐temperature venting was inferred from plume characteristics and extensive seafloor sulfide mineralization, but only diffuse venting was observed. This site appears to be a magmatic‐influenced basaltic‐hosted system despite its off‐axis location. Two low‐temperature diffusely venting sites were located on abyssal hills 6 and 9 km off‐axis on Segment 2. Plume particle, metal, and CH4concentrations were all very low, suggesting dilution of hydrothermal fluids by intrusion of seawater into the highly permeable flank area fault zone. The “Onnuri Vent Field” (OVF), located at the summit of OCC‐3‐2, vented clear, low‐temperature fluids supporting abundant vent organisms (21 macrofaunal taxa). The plume particle signal was low to absent, but strong ORP anomalies correlated with high CH4and low metal concentrations. Sulfide mineralization was present, which suggests both serpentinization and magmatic/lithospheric influence on fluid composition. The detachment fault is the likely pathway for hydrothermal fluid circulation at this off‐axis location. These new vent field discoveries, especially the OVF, contribute valuable information toward understanding Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems and their ecology/biogeography.
Source Process for Two Enigmatic Repeating Vertical‐T CLVD Tsunami Earthquakes in the Kermadec Ridge
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Power William , Burbidge David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo repeating compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) earthquakes occurred in 2009 and 2017 on the Kermadec Ridge near the Curtis submarine volcano. The tsunami and seismic waveforms of both events are almost identical. Simulated tsunami and seismic waveforms are compared with observations of the 2017 event to estimate the location and geometry of the source. A CLVD source model at 8–14 km depth is consistent with the global CMT solution but generates no tsunami. The tsunami waveforms can be well reproduced if the source model is about 1.5 km deep. However, a seismic source at this depth is not consistent with the observed seismic waves. This suggests that two sources were involved with different depths. The main, shallow, tsunami source could be due to hydrofracturing of heated water in a shallow sediment layer triggered by a deeper earthquake.
Trends in Winter Light Environment Over the Arctic Ocean: A Perspective From Two Decades of Ocean Color Data
Authors: Jönsson Bror F. , Sathyendranath Shubha , Platt Trevor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe last few decades have seen a decrease in Arctic ice cover, leading to changes in the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Yet sustained long‐term observations of the marine environment are difficult to acquire. Harsh environments limit in situ measurements, while low light and high solar angles hinder ocean color observations from satellite. Here we use masks of valid‐invalid ocean color pixels to diagnose ocean conditions and find strong positive trends in the Arctic open‐water season close to the ice sheet, generally consistent with sea ice products from satellites. The North East Atlantic with no seasonal ice cover shows weaker, but significant trends indicative of decreasing winter cloud cover. Decreases in both sea ice and cloud cover will increase light availability at the sea surface and potentially enhance phytoplankton growth. Our method allows the winter light conditions to be studied at temporal and spatial scales relevant for phytoplankton dynamics.
A Short‐lived Three‐Belt Structure for sub‐MeV Electrons in the Van Allen Belts: Time Scale and Energy Dependence
Authors: Hao Y. X. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Zou H. , Rankin R. , Sun Y. X. , Chen X. R. , Liu Y. , Fu S. Y. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Blake J. B. , Reeves G. D. , Claudepierre S. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study we focus on the radiation belt dynamics driven by the geomagnetic storms during September 2017. Besides the long‐lasting three‐belt structures of ultrarelativistic electrons (>2 MeV, existing for tens of days), which has been studied intensively during the Van Allen Probe era, it is found that magnetospheric electrons of hundreds of keVs can also have three‐belt structures at similar L extent during storm time. Measurements of 500–800 keV electrons from MagEIS instrument onboard Van Allen Probes show double‐peaked (L = 3.5 and 4.5, respectively) flux‐versus‐L‐shell profile in the outer belt, which lasted for 2–3 days. During the time interval of such transient three‐belt structure, the energy‐versus‐L spectrogram shows novel distributions differing from both “S‐shaped” and “V‐shaped” spectrograms reported previously. Such peculiar distribution also illustrates the energy‐dependent occurrence of the three‐belt profile. The gradual formation of “reversed energy spectrum” at L ∼ 3.5 also indicates that hiss scattering inside the plasmapause contributed to the fast decay of sub‐MeV remnant belt.
Using Complex Network Analysis for Optimization of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Sitzenfrei Robert , Wang Qi , Kapelan Zoran , Savić Dragan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe optimization of water networks supports the decision‐making process by identifying the optimal trade‐off between costs and performance (e.g., resilience and leakage). A major challenge in the domain of water distribution systems (WDSs) is the network (re)design. While the complex nature of WDS has already been explored with complex network analysis (CNA), literature is still lacking a CNA of optimal water networks. Based on a systematic CNA of Pareto‐optimal solutions of different WDSs, several graph characteristics are identified, and a newly developed CNA design approach for WDSs is proposed. The results show that obtained designs are comparable with results found by evolutionary optimization, but the CNA approach is applicable for large networks (e.g., 150,000 pipes) with a substantially reduced computational effort (runtime reduction up to 5 orders of magnitude).
Whole-blood expression of inflammasome- and glucocorticoid-related mRNAs correctly separates treatment-resistant depressed patients from drug-free and responsive patients in the BIODEP study
Authors: Cattaneo Annamaria , Ferrari Clarissa , Turner Lorinda , Mariani Nicole , Enache Daniela , Hastings Caitlin , Kose Melisa , Lombardo Giulia , McLaughlin Anna P. , Nettis Maria A. , Nikkheslat Naghmeh , Sforzini Luca , Worrell Courtney , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Cattane Nadia , Lopizzo Nicola , Mazzelli Monica , Pointon Linda , Cowen Philip J. , Cavanagh Jonathan , Harrison Neil A. , de Boer Peter , Jones Declan , Drevets Wayne C. , Mondelli Valeria , Bullmore Edward T. ,   the Neuroimmunology of Mood Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease (NIMA) Consortium, Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mRNA expression signatures associated with the ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of depression, and the differential signatures associated with depression subtypes and the effects of antidepressants, are still unknown. We examined 130 depressed patients (58 treatment-resistant, 36 antidepressant-responsive and 36 currently untreated) and 40 healthy controls from the BIODEP study, and used whole-blood mRNA qPCR to measure the expression of 16 candidate mRNAs, some never measured before: interleukin (IL)-1-beta,IL-6,TNF-alpha, macrophage inhibiting factor (MIF), glucocorticoid receptor (GR),SGK1,FKBP5, the purinergic receptorP2RX7,CCL2,CXCL12, c-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), acquaporin-4 (AQP4),ISG15,STAT1andUSP-18. All genes butAQP4,ISG15andUSP-18were differentially regulated. Treatment-resistant and drug-free depressed patients had both increased inflammasome activation (higherP2RX7and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines mRNAs expression) and glucocorticoid resistance (lowerGRand higherFKBP5mRNAs expression), while responsive patients had an intermediate phenotype with, additionally, lowerCXCL12. Most interestingly, using binomial logistics models we found that a signature of six mRNAs (P2RX7,IL-1-beta, IL-6,TNF-alpha, CXCL12andGR) distinguished treatment-resistant from responsive patients, even after adjusting for other variables that were different between groups, such as a trait- and state-anxiety, history of childhood maltreatment and serum CRP. Future studies should replicate these findings in larger, longitudinal cohorts, and test whether this mRNA signature can identify patients that are more likely to respond to adjuvant strategies for treatment-resistant depression, including combinations with anti-inflammatory medications.
Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell secretome repairs the brain of Alzheimer’s mice
Authors: Santamaria Giulia , Brandi Edoardo , Vitola Pietro La , Grandi Federica , Ferrara Giovanni , Pischiutta Francesca , Vegliante Gloria , Zanier Elisa R. , Re Francesca , Uccelli Antonio , Forloni Gianluigi , de Rosbo Nicole Kerlero , Balducci Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe multiplicity of systems affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains calls for multi-target therapies. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates, their clinical application is limited because of risks related to their direct implantation in the host. This could be overcome by exploiting their paracrine action. We herein demonstrate that in vivo systemic administration of secretome collected from MSC exposed in vitro to AD mouse brain homogenates (MSC-CS), fully replicates the cell-mediated neuroreparative effects in APP/PS1 AD mice. We found a complete but transient memory recovery by 7 days, which vanished by 14 days, after a single MSC-CS intravenous administration in 12-month or 22–24-month-old mice. Treatment significantly reduced plaque load, microglia activation, and expression of cytokines in astrocytes in younger, but not aged, mice at 7 days. To optimize efficacy, we established a sustained treatment protocol in aged mice through intranasal route. Once-weekly intranasal administration of MSC-CS induced persistent memory recovery, with dramatic reduction of plaques surrounded by a lower density of β-amyloid oligomers. Gliosis and the phagocytic marker CD68 were decreased. We found a higher neuronal density in cortex and hippocampus, associated with a reduction in hippocampal shrinkage and a longer lifespan indicating healthier conditions of MSC-CS-treated compared to vehicle-treated APP/PS1 mice. Our data prove that MSC-CS displays a great multi-level therapeutic potential, and lay the foundation for identifying the therapeutic secretome bioreactors leading to the development of an efficacious multi-reparative cocktail drug, towards abrogating the need for MSC implantation and risks related to their direct use.