bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Clouclip and utility in measuring viewing distance in adults
Authors: Bhandari Khob R , Ostrin Lisa A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo validate the Clouclip, a continuously measuring objective rangefinder, and examine viewing behaviours during various near tasks in non‐myopic and myopic adults.MethodsIn experiment 1, five Clouclip devices were utilised. An infrared camera was used to visualise and measure infrared beam size and angle. Repeatability for distance tracking was assessed from 5 to 120 cm in 5 cm increments. Accuracy of distance tracking was investigated for paper and iPad targets, spatial integration was calculated, effects of target tilt were determined and light measurements were compared to a lux meter. In experiment 2, viewing behaviour was assessed in 41 subjects (21 non‐myopic, 20 myopic) during four 15‐min near tasks; (1) passive reading of printed material, (2) active writing on printed material, (3) passive viewing on an electronic device and (4) active engagement on an electronic device. Working distance was compared between tasks and refractive error groups.ResultsClouclip distance tracking showed good repeatability, with a mean difference of 0.34 cm and limits of agreement of ±2.0 cm. Clouclip‐measured and actual distances were highly correlated for paper and electronic targets from 5 to 120 cm, with mean differences and limits of agreement of 3.96 ± 13.78 cm and 4.48 ± 8.92 cm, respectively; variability increased for distances >100 cm. Tracking ability increased with larger target sizes; tracking was accurate when the target occupied 1.5%–20.3% of tracking beam area, depending on distance and with target tilt up to ±60 degrees. Clouclip‐ and lux meter‐measured ambient illumination were highly correlated for a wide range of intensities (r = 0.96, p < 0.001), but with greater variability for intensities >20 000 lux. The Clouclip infrared beam was measured to have a diameter of 25.6 ± 2.2° and a downward angle of 10.3 ± 0.5°. For subject testing, viewing distance was significantly closer for active and passive printed tasks (29.5 ± 6.7 cm and 33.2 ± 8.8 cm, respectively) than for active and passive electronic tasks (35.4 ± 8.0 cm and 40.8 ± 10.4 cm, respectively), with no differences between refractive error groups (p = 0.88).ConclusionsThe Clouclip performed well in measuring near and intermediate distances and could distinguish between indoor (<1000 lux) and outdoor (>1000 lux) illumination. A closer working distance was observed for printed tasks compared to those on an iPad, with no difference in viewing distance between non‐myopic and myopic adults.
Precision genome editing in plants via gene targeting and subsequent break‐induced single‐strand annealing
Authors: Endo Masaki , Iwakami Satoshi , Toki Seiichi 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGenome editing via artificial nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 has become popular in plants now. However, small insertions or deletions are major mutations and nucleotide substitutions rarely occur when DNA cleavage is induced. To induce nucleotide substitutions, a base editor utilizing dead or nickase‐type Cas9 fused with deaminase have been developed. However, the direction and position of practical substitution are still limited. In this context, homologous recombination (HR)‐mediated gene targeting (GT) has advantages because any mutations existing on the donor DNA are copied and passed onto the endogenous DNA. As HR‐mediated GT is extremely rare in higher plants, positive–negative selection has been used to isolate cells in which GT has occurred. After successful selection, positive selection marker is no longer needed and should ideally be eliminated. In a previous study, we reported a seamless piggyBac‐transposon‐mediated marker elimination system. Precision marker elimination efficiency in this system is very high. The piggyBac transposon integrates into the host genome at TTAA elements and excises without leaving a footprint at the excised site, so a TTAA sequence is necessary at the location of a positive selection marker. To compensate for this limitation, we have developed a novel marker elimination system using an I‐SceI break and subsequent single‐strand annealing (SSA)‐mediated DNA repair system.
Treatment of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a heart transplant recipient with chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Dang Brian N. , Ch’ng James , Russell Matthew , Cheng Jerry C. , Moore Theodore B. , Alejos Juan C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a group of lesions that can complicate solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and are often associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). The treatment of PTLD is dependent on the type of lesion and includes a wide range of therapies, but chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has not previously been reported as a treatment option for PTLD. We present a patient who developed refractory PTLD in her right retroperitoneum, right inguinal and iliac chains, and right axillary region shortly after heart transplantation and was treated with CAR T‐cell therapy. She could not tolerate complete discontinuation of immunosuppression due to the risk of rejection of a life‐supporting graft. The patient's PTLD responded to CAR T‐cell therapy, and her heart was monitored throughout the treatment course without any signs of rejection or ventricular dysfunction. CAR T‐cell therapy may be a viable treatment option in patients who develop PTLD after a solid organ transplant.
Factors influencing pre‐ovulatory follicle diameter and weaning‐to‐ovulation interval in spontaneously ovulating sows in tropical environment
Authors: Pearodwong Pachara , Tretipskul Chanyuth , Panyathong Raphee , Tummaruk Padet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollicle development and timing of ovulation are indicators of the reproductive performance of sows. The present study aimed to determine factors influencing pre‐ovulatory follicle diameter and weaning‐to‐ovulation interval (WOI) in spontaneously ovulating sows in tropical climates with special emphasis on breed, parity and backfat thickness at weaning. In total, 80 sows were included in the study. Follicle development was determined by using transrectal real‐time B‐mode ultrasonography every 6 hr after standing oestrus. Weaning‐to‐oestrous interval (WEI), oestrous‐to‐ovulation interval (EOI), WOI and the diameter of graafian follicles were investigated in relation to breed, parity number (1, 2–3 and 4–7) and backfat thickness (low, moderate and high) of sows. Overall, WEI, EOI, WOI and the pre‐ovulatory follicle diameter were 92.5 ± 21.6 hr, 64.3 ± 19.3 hr, 156.3 ± 29.1 hr and 10.3 ± 2.0 mm, respectively. Pre‐ovulatory follicle size was smaller in primiparous sows compared with sows of greater parity, 4–7 (9.7 ± 0.51 and 11.7 ± 0.52 mm, respectively, p < .05). Weaning‐to‐ovulation interval was positively correlated with WEI (r = 0.75, p < .001) and EOI (r = 0.66, p < .001), but negatively correlated with size of the graafian follicle (r = –0.34, p < .01). Sows with a shorter WEI had a larger pre‐ovulatory follicle diameter (at 64 hr after oestrus) (r = –0.37, p < .01). Sows with low backfat thickness had a WOI 23.4 hr longer than those with moderate backfat thickness (p < .05) and 17.6 hr longer than sows with a high backfat thickness (p = .140). The follicle diameter in primiparous sows with high backfat thickness (11.7 ± 1.1 mm) was higher than in those with low (8.9 ± 0.7 mm, p < .05) or moderate (8.6 ± 0.8, p < .05) backfat thickness. In conclusion, factors influencing follicle diameter and WOI in sows included parity number and backfat thickness at weaning. The impact of backfat thickness on follicle diameter, WEI and WOI was most pronounced in primiparous sows.
Probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy for pleural malignancies diagnosis
Authors: Bonhomme Olivier , Heinen Vincent , Detrembleur Nancy , Corhay Jean‐Louis , Louis Renaud , Duysinx Bernard 
Published: October 2020

Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an optical imaging tool allowing live imaging of tissues at a cellular level. It remains experimental but its clinical value as a diagnostic/guiding tool is apparent. To address the lack of data in thoracic oncology and pleural diseases, we show the ability of pCLE during medical thoracoscopy to distinguish benign from malignant pleural involvement.See related Editorial
Current research: effect of time restricted eating on weight and cardiometabolic health
Authors: Gabel Kelsey , Varady Krista A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntermittent fasting has grown in popularity as a weight loss strategy in recent years. In particular, time restricted eating (TRE) has been popularized in the diet industry with dozens of books touting its ability to promote weight loss and improve glucose regulation. TRE involves confining the eating window to a specified number of hours per day (usually 4–10 h), and fasting (with zero‐calorie beverages) for the remaining hours of the day. While several studies of TRE have been performed in rodent models, human studies are only now emerging. The goal of this review is to summarize the effects of TRE on body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in human subjects. Accumulating evidence shows that TRE may spontaneously decrease energy intake by 20–30% under ad libitum conditions, producing small but statistically significant weight loss of 1–4%. In addition, TRE may significantly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure independent of weight loss. Further, improvements in fasting insulin and insulin resistance have also been reported. Taken together, these preliminary data suggest that TRE produces mild weight loss, and also may improve some aspects of cardiometabolic health by lowering blood pressure and insulin resistance.
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In-hospital cardiac arrest in critically ill patients with covid-19: multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hayek Salim S , Brenner Samantha K , Azam Tariq U , Shadid Husam R , Anderson Elizabeth , Berlin Hanna , Pan Michael , Meloche Chelsea , Feroz Rafey , O’Hayer Patrick , Kaakati Rayan , Bitar Abbas , Padalia Kishan , Perry Daniel , Blakely Pennelope , Gupta Shruti , Shaefi Shahzad , Srivastava Anand , Charytan David M , Bansal Anip , Mallappallil Mary , Melamed Michal L , Shehata Alexandre M , Sunderram Jag , Mathews Kusum S , Sutherland Anne K , Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Leaf David E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and
outcomes associated with in-hospital cardiac
arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in
critically ill adults with coronavirus disease
2019 (covid-19).

Design
Multicenter cohort study.

Setting
Intensive care units at 68 geographically
diverse hospitals across the United States.

Participants
Critically ill adults (age ≥18 years) with
laboratory confirmed covid-19.

Main outcome measures
In-hospital cardiac arrest within 14 days of
admission to an intensive care unit and
in-hospital mortality.

Results

Among 5019 critically ill patients with
covid-19, 14.0% (701/5019) had in-hospital cardiac
arrest, 57.1% (400/701) of whom received
cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients who had
in-hospital cardiac arrest were older (mean age 63
(standard deviation 14)
v
60 (15)
years), had more comorbidities, and were more
likely to be admitted to a hospital with a smaller
number of intensive care unit beds compared with
those who did not have in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Patients who received cardiopulmonary
resuscitation were younger than those who did not
(mean age 61 (standard deviation 14)
v
67 (14) years). The most common
rhythms at the time of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation were pulseless electrical activity
(49.8%, 199/400) and asystole (23.8%, 95/400). 48
of the 400 patients (12.0%) who received
cardiopulmonary resuscitation survived to hospital
discharge, and only 7.0% (28/400) survived to
hospital discharge with normal or mildly impaired
neurological status. Survival to hospital
discharge differed by age, with 21.2% (11/52) of
patients younger than 45 years surviving compared
with 2.9% (1/34) of those aged 80 or older.

Conclusions
Cardiac arrest is common in critically ill
patients with covid-19 and is associated with poor
survival, particularly among older patients.
Serum acylcarnitines and amino acids and risk of type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic Asian population
Authors: Gunther Samuel H , Khoo Chin Meng , Tai E-Shyong , Sim Xueling , Kovalik Jean-Paul , Ching Jianhong , Lee Jeannette J , van Dam Rob M 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWe evaluated whether concentrations of serum acylcarnitines and amino acids are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and can improve predictive diabetes models in an Asian population.Research design and methodsWe used data from 3313 male and female participants from the Singapore Prospective Study Program cohort who were diabetes-free at baseline. The average age at baseline was 48.0 years (SD: 11.9 years), and participants were of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicity. Diabetes cases were identified through self-reported physician diagnosis, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations, and linkage to national disease registries. We measured fasting serum concentrations of 45 acylcarnitines and 14 amino acids. The association between metabolites and incident diabetes was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, height, and parental history of diabetes, and correction for multiple testing. Metabolites were added to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) predictive diabetes risk model to assess whether they could increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsParticipants were followed up for an average of 8.4 years (SD: 2.1 years), during which time 314 developed diabetes. Branched-chain amino acids (HR: 1.477 per SD; 95% CI 1.325 to 1.647) and the alanine to glycine ratio (HR: 1.572; 95% CI 1.426 to 1.733) were most strongly associated with diabetes risk. Additionally, the acylcarnitines C4 and C16-OH, and the amino acids alanine, combined glutamate/glutamine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, and tyrosine were significantly associated with higher diabetes risk, and the acylcarnitine C8-DC and amino acids glycine and serine with lower risk. Adding selected metabolites to the ARIC model resulted in a significant increase in AUC from 0.836 to 0.846.ConclusionsWe identified acylcarnitines and amino acids associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in an Asian population. A subset of these modestly improved the prediction of diabetes when added to an established diabetes risk model.
A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ratnayake Irushi , Ahern Susannah , Ruseckaite Rasa 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTo determine patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) which may be suitable for incorporation into the Australian Cystic Fibrosis Data Registry (ACFDR) by identifying PROMs administered in adult and paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) populations in the last decade.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases for studies published between January 2009 and February 2019 describing the use of PROMs to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult and paediatric patients with CF. Validation studies, observational studies and qualitative studies were included. The search was conducted on 13 February 2019. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies.ResultsTwenty-seven different PROMs were identified. The most commonly used PROMs were designed specifically for CF. Equal numbers of studies were conducted on adult (32%, n=31), paediatric (35%, n=34) and both (27%, n=26) populations. No PROMs were used within a clinical registry setting previously. The two most widely used PROMs, the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire—Revised (CFQ-R) and the Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQoL), demonstrated good psychometric properties and acceptability in English-speaking populations.DiscussionWe found that although PROMs are widely used in CF, there is a lack of reporting on the efficacy of methods and timepoints of administration. We identified the CFQ-R and CFQoL as the most suitable for incorporation in the ACFDR as they captured significant effects of CF on HRQoL and were reliable and valid in CF populations. These PROMs will be used in a further qualitative study assessing patients’ with CF and clinicians’ perspectives toward the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating a PROM in the ACFDR.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126931.
Pragmatic evaluation of a coproduced physical activity referral scheme: a UK quasi-experimental study
Authors: Buckley Benjamin JR , Thijssen Dick HJ , Murphy Rebecca C , Graves Lee EF , Cochrane Madeleine , Gillison Fiona , Crone Diane , Wilson Philip M , Whyte Greg , Watson Paula M 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesUK exercise referral schemes (ERSs) have been criticised for focusing too much on exercise prescription and not enough on sustainable physical activity (PA) behaviour change. Previously, a theoretically grounded intervention (coproduced PA referral scheme, Co-PARS) was coproduced to support long-term PA behaviour change in individuals with health conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Co-PARS compared with a usual care ERS and no treatment for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness.DesignA three-arm quasi-experimental trial.SettingTwo leisure centres providing (1) Co-PARS, (2) usual exercise referral care and one no-treatment control.Participants68 adults with lifestyle-related health conditions (eg, cardiovascular, diabetes, depression) were recruited to co-PARS, usual care or no treatment.Intervention16-weeks of PA behaviour change support delivered at 4, 8, 12 and 18 weeks, in addition to the usual care 12-week leisure centre access.Outcome measuresCardiorespiratory fitness, vascular health, PA and mental well-being were measured at baseline, 12 weeks and 6 months (PA and mental well-being only). Fitness centre engagement (co-PARS and usual care) and behaviour change consultation attendance (co-PARS) were assessed. Following an intention-to-treat approach, repeated-measures linear mixed models were used to explore intervention effects.ResultsSignificant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.002) and vascular health (p=0.002) were found in co-PARS compared with usual care and no-treatment at 12 weeks. No significant changes in PA or well-being at 12 weeks or 6 months were noted. Intervention engagement was higher in co-PARS than usual care, though this was not statistically significant.ConclusionA coproduced PA behaviour change intervention led to promising improvements in cardiorespiratory and vascular health at 12 weeks, despite no effect for PA levels at 12 weeks or 6 months.Trial registration numberNCT03490747.
Developing a behavioural intervention package to identify and amend incorrect penicillin allergy records in UK general practice and subsequently change antibiotic use
Authors: Santillo Marta , Wanat Marta , Davoudianfar Mina , Bongard Emily , Savic Sinisa , Savic Louise , Porter Catherine , Fielding Joanne , Butler Christopher C , Pavitt Sue , Sandoe Jonathan , Tonkin-Crine Sarah 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a behavioural intervention package to support clinicians and patients to amend incorrect penicillin allergy records in general practice. The intervention aimed to: (1) support clinicians to refer patients for penicillin allergy testing (PAT), (2) support patients to attend for PAT and (3) support clinicians and patients to prescribe or consume penicillin, when indicated, following a negative PAT result.MethodsTheory-based, evidence-based and person-based approaches were used in the intervention development. We used evidence from a rapid review, two qualitative studies, and expert consultations with the clinical research team to identify the intervention ‘guiding principles’ and develop an intervention plan. Barriers and facilitators to the target behaviours were mapped to behaviour change theory in order to describe the proposed mechanisms of change. In the final stage, think-aloud interviews were conducted to optimise intervention materials.ResultsThe collated evidence showed that the key barriers to referral of patients by clinicians were limited experience of referral and limited knowledge of referral criteria and PAT. Barriers for patients attending PAT were lack of knowledge of the benefits of testing and lack of motivation to get tested. The key barriers to the prescription and consumption of first-line penicillin following a negative test result were patient and clinician beliefs about the accuracy of PAT and whether taking penicillin was safe. Intervention materials were designed and developed to address these barriers.ConclusionsWe present a novel behavioural intervention package designed to address the multiple barriers to uptake of PAT in general practice by clinicians and patients. The intervention development details how behaviour change techniques have been incorporated to hypothesise how the intervention is likely to work to help amend incorrect penicillin allergy records. The intervention will go on to be tested in a feasibility trial and randomised controlled trial in England.
Strategies to reduce antibiotic use in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis including individual patient data
Authors: Heinz Judith , Röver Christian , Furaijat Ghefar , Kaußner Yvonne , Hummers Eva , Debray Thomas , Hay Alastair D , Heytens Stefan , Vik Ingvild , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Stuart Beth , Wagenlehner Florian , Kronenberg Andreas , Ferry Sven , Monsen Tor , Lindbaek Morten , Friede Tim , Gagyor Ildiko 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionUncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in women is a common reason to present in general practice and is usually treated with antibiotics to reduce symptom severity and duration. Results of recent clinical trials indicate that non-antibiotic treatment approaches can also be effective. However, it remains unclear which patients would benefit from antibiotic treatment and which can effectively and safely be treated without antibiotics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the effect of treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic use in comparison with immediate antibiotic treatment and to identify prognostic factors and moderators of treatment effects. A further aim is to identify subgroups of patients benefiting from a specific therapy.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be performed to identify randomised controlled trials which investigated the effect of treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic use in female adults with uncomplicated UTI compared with immediate antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the primary outcome of the meta-analysis is incomplete recovery. Anonymised individual patient data (IPD) will be collected. Aggregate data will be used for pairwise comparisons of treatment strategies using meta-analysis models with random effects accounting for potential between-study heterogeneity. Potential effect moderators will be explored in meta-regressions. For IPD, generalised linear mixed models will be used, which may be adjusted for baseline characteristics. Interactions of baseline variables with treatment effects will be explored. These models will be used to assess direct comparisons of treatment, but might be extended to networks.Ethics and disseminationThe local institutional review and ethics board judged the project a secondary analysis of existing anonymous data which meet the criteria for waiver of ethics review. Dissemination of the results will be via published scientific papers and presentations. Key messages will be promoted for example, via social media or press releases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125804.