bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Teacher, the Assessor, and the Patient Protector: A Conceptual Model Describing How Context Interfaces With the Supervisory Roles of Academic Emergency Physicians
Authors: Li Shelly‐Anne , Acai Anita , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency medicine is a fast‐paced specialty that demands emergency physicians to respond to rapidly evolving patient presentations, while engaging in clinical supervision. Most research on supervisory roles has focused on the behaviors of attending physicians, including their individual preferences of supervision and level of entrustment of clinical tasks to trainees. However, less research has investigated how the clinical context (patient case complexity, workflow) influences clinical supervision. In this study, we examined how the context of the emergency department (ED) shapes the ways in which emergency physicians reconcile their competing roles in patient care and clinical supervision to optimize learning and ensure patient safety.MethodsEmergency physicians who regularly participated in clinical supervision in several academic teaching hospitals were individually interviewed using a semi‐structured format. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.ResultsSixteen emergency physicians were asked to reflect on their clinical supervisory roles in the ED. We conceptualized a model that describes three prominent roles: teacher, assessor, and patient protector. Contextual features such as trainee competence, pace of the ED, patient complexity, and the culture of academic medicine influenced the extent to which certain roles were considered salient at any given time.ConclusionsThis conceptual model can inform researchers and medical educators about the role of context in accentuating or minimizing various roles of emergency physicians. Identifying how context interfaces with these roles may help design faculty development initiatives aimed to navigate the tension between urgent patient care and medical education for emergency physicians.
Reversible and Selective CO2 to HCO2− Electrocatalysis near the Thermodynamic Potential
Authors: Cunningham Drew W. , Barlow Jeffrey M. , Velazquez Reyna S. , Yang Jenny Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReversible catalysis is a hallmark of energy‐efficient chemical transformations, but can only be achieved if the changes in free energy of intermediate steps are minimized and the catalytic cycle is devoid of high transition‐state barriers. Using these criteria, we demonstrate reversible CO2/HCO2− conversion catalyzed by [Pt(depe)2]2+ (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane). Direct measurement of the free energies associated with each catalytic step correctly predicts a slight bias towards CO2 reduction. We demonstrate how the experimentally measured free energy of each step directly contributes to the <50 mV overpotential. We also find that for CO2 reduction, H2 evolution is negligible and the Faradaic efficiency for HCO2− production is nearly quantitative. A free‐energy analysis reveals H2 evolution is endergonic, providing a thermodynamic basis for highly selective CO2 reduction.
Fault detection filtering for Itô‐type affine nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Deng Feiqi , Zhang Weihai , Chen Bor‐Sen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the mixed H−/H∞ fault detection filtering of Itô‐type nonlinear stochastic systems. Mixed H−/H∞ filtering combines system robustness to external disturbance and the sensitivity to the fault of the residual signal. First, for Itô‐type affine nonlinear stochastic systems, some sufficient criteria are obtained for the existence of H−/H∞ filter in terms of Hamilton‐Jacobi inequalities (HJIs). Second, for a class of quasi‐linear Itô systems, a sufficient condition is given for the existence of the H−/H∞ filter by means of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Allocations of cold standbys to series and parallel systems with dependent components
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yiying , Fang Rui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the context of industrial engineering, cold‐standby redundancies allocation strategy is usually adopted to improve the reliability of coherent systems. This paper investigates optimal allocation strategies of cold standbys for series and parallel systems comprised of dependent components with left/right tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing lifetimes. For the case of heterogeneous and independent matched cold standbys, it is proved that better redundancies should be put in the nodes having weaker [better] components for series [parallel] systems. For the case of homogeneous and independent cold standbys, it is shown that more redundancies should be put in standby with weaker [better] components to enhance the reliability of series [parallel] systems. The results developed here generalize and extend those corresponding ones in the literature to the case of series and parallel systems with dependent components. Numerical examples are also presented to provide guidance for the practical use of our theoretical findings.
The Ohmic decay of dipolar toroidal magnetic fields of magnetars
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Fu , Omar Nurimangul , Shi Xiao‐Chun , Wang Na 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy considering the general relativity effect, we calculated the dipolar toroidal magnetic field decay rates and investigated the LX − Lrot relationship of 22 magnetars with soft X‐ray luminosities. It is found that, for magnetars with LX < Lrot, their observed soft X‐ray emissions may come from the rotational energy loss rate, or from magnetosphere flow, and/or from particle wind heating, while for magnetars with LX > Lrot, the Ohmic decay of crustal toroidal magnetic fields can provide their observed isotropic soft X‐ray luminosities and maintain high thermal temperatures.
Icariin alleviates hypoxia‐induced damage in MC3T3‐E1 cells by downregulating TALNEC2
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Xin Jian , Chen Wenming , Jing Lizhong , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOsteonecrosis is a harmful musculoskeletal disease. We aim to detect the effects of icariin (ICA) in MC3T3‐E1 cell. MC3T3‐E1 cell was pretreated with ICA and was subjected to hypoxia stimuli. The tumor‐associated long noncoding RNA expressed on chromosome 2 (TALNEC2) overexpression or silencing vectors (pTALNEC2 or si‐TALNEC2) was utilized for MC3T3‐E1 cell transfection. Viability and apoptosis rate were individually tested by cell counting kit‐8 and Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide kit untied with flow cytometry. The alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity was tested through ALP assay. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR or Western blot was performed for elements detection at the RNA or protein level. Hypoxia treatment induced viability inhibition and CyclinD1 reduction, but elevation of p53 and p16. It also promoted apoptosis by increasing apoptotic cells, Bax, and cleaved‐poly ADP‐ribose polymerase but decreasing Bcl‐2. Also, hypoxia stimuli restrained ALP activity, and osteopontin, osteocalcin, and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 expression. Those effects caused by hypoxia stimuli were all reversed by ICA. TALNEC2 was downregulated by ICA, whose impacts were subsequently abolished by pTALNEC2. Silencing TALNEC2 displayed similar effects with ICA. But the apoptosis was not affected by si‐TALNEC2. ICA blocked ste20‐related proline/alanine‐rich kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SPAK/JNK) but triggered phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway in MC3T3‐E1 cell by suppressing TALNEC2. ICA relieved hypoxia‐stimulated damage by restraining TALNEC2 through blocking SPAK/JNK and triggering PI3K/AKT/mTOR in the MC3T3‐E1 cell.
Course‐based prefaculty training program introduces instructional methods, increases instructor self‐efficacy, and promotes professional development
Authors: Bowman Larry L. , Culhane Kelly J. , Park Ahrume J. , Kucera Kaury 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraduate student and postdoctoral teaching assistants receive highly variable preparation for instructional methods because providing such training is often expensive. Therefore, we conducted an intensive, pedagogical boot camp followed by classroom observations, structured professional development discussions about leveraging the experience on the job market, individual exit interviews, and a letter of recommendation. Our data show the participants implemented new pedagogical techniques in their classrooms, showed increased self‐efficacy, and reported appreciation for the training experience. Using a clustering analysis of instructional methods, most participants' classrooms were characterized as peer‐led collaborative work as opposed to more traditional instructor‐led pedagogies. We believe that this low‐cost, prefaculty training leads to demonstrable short‐term outcomes and is a viable option for institutions with limited resources or personnel.
Functionalized Iron Hydroxyapatite as Eco‐friendly Catalyst for NH3‐SCR Reaction: Activity and Role of Iron Speciation on the Surface
Authors: Campisi Sebastiano , Galloni Melissa G. , Marchetti Sergio G. , Auroux Aline , Postole Georgeta , Gervasini Antonella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEco‐friendly catalysts have been obtained by functionalizing hydroxyapatite (HAP) with iron (Fe/HAP), according to three preparative methods (flash ionic exchange, deposition‐precipitation, and impregnation). Fe/HAP samples (ca. 2–7 wt.% Fe) have been tested in the reaction of NOx reduction by ammonia (NH3‐SCR) in the 120–500 °C interval with different NH3/NO ratios (0.6–2) at fixed contact time (0.12 s). All Fe/HAP samples were active and selective in the NH3‐SCR reaction starting from ca. 350 °C. Better performances have been observed on catalysts prepared by deposition‐precipitation and impregnation (about 70 % of NOx conversion and selectivity to N2 higher than 95 % at 350 °C), where α‐Fe2O3 and 3D‐Fe2O3 nanoclusters were present, as indicated by Mössbauer and UV‐Vis‐DR spectroscopies. On the opposite, paramagnetic Fe3+ centres were the predominant species on samples prepared by flash ionic exchange. Further characterization techniques (XRPD, N2‐physisorption, acidity by NH3 adsorption, and H2‐TPR) have concurred to elucidate Fe‐sitting HAP and structure‐activity relationships.
An Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Assay for the Detection of Halides and Enzymatic Dehalogenation
Authors: Aslan‐Üzel Aşkın S. , Beier Andy , Kovář David , Cziegler Clemens , Padhi Santosh K. , Schuiten Eva D. , Dörr Mark , Böttcher Dominique , Hollmann Frank , Rudroff Florian , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Buryška Tomáš , Damborský Jiří , Prokop Zbyněk , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHalide assays are important for the study of enzymatic dehalogenation, a topic of great industrial and scientific importance. Here we describe the development of a very sensitive halide assay that can detect less than a picomole of bromide ions, making it very useful for quantifying enzymatic dehalogenation products. Halides are oxidised under mild conditions using the vanadium‐dependent chloroperoxidase fromCurvularia inaequalis, forming hypohalous acids that are detected using aminophenyl fluorescein. The assay is up to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than currently available alternatives, with detection limits of 20 nM for bromide and 1 μM for chloride and iodide. We demonstrate that the assay can be used to determine specific activities of dehalogenases and validate this by comparison to a well‐established GC‐MS method. This new assay will facilitate the identification and characterisation of novel dehalogenases and may also be of interest to those studying other halide‐producing enzymes.
Electron‐Rich Twistacene‐Modified Arylboron Donor–Acceptor Systems: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence with Hot Exciton Response
Authors: Jin Pengcheng , Han Yanbing , Tian Feng , Wang Lijiao , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhang Chunfang , Xiao Jinchong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of twistacene‐functionalized donor (D)‐π‐acceptor (A) derivatives (2–5) have been designed and synthesized, in which twistacene can be regarded as a promising platform for electron‐rich systems for fluorescence emitters. The connecting modes and various acceptors are also examined to investigate the effect of structural changes on the photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties. The strong electron‐withdrawing capability of the arylboron‐modified benzonitrile unit can effectively separate the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of 4/5, which is beneficial for the formation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules. Cyan and orange organic light‐emitting diodes based on 4 and 5 exhibit promising electroluminescence with a maximum brightness of 7643 cd m−2 for device‐4 and 14871 cd m−2 for device‐5.
Nitrogen‐Linked Hexaazatrinaphthylene Polymer as Cathode Material in Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Jinquan , En Justin Chua Zhi , Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Zhang Yugen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐linked hexaazatrinaphthylene polymer (N2‐HATN) as organic cathode material with low HOMO–LOMO gap was synthesized and was observed to possess reversible high capacity and unexpected long‐term cycling stability. The pre‐treatedN2‐HATNand pRGO combination demonstrated good structure compatibility and the resultant cathode exhibited a constant increment of capacity during the redox cycles. The initial capacity at 0.05 A g−1was 406 mA h−1 g−1, and increased to 630 mA h−1 g−1after 70 cycles. At 0.5 A g−1discharging rate, the capacity increased from an initial value of 186 mA h−1 g−1to 588 mA h−1 g−1after 1600 cycles. The pseudocapacitance‐type behavior is postulated to be attributed to the structure compatibility between the active material and pRGO.
Metal Exchange in the Interprotein ZnII‐Binding Site of the Rad50 Hook Domain: Structural Insights into CdII‐Induced DNA‐Repair Inhibition
Authors: Padjasek Michał , Maciejczyk Maciej , Nowakowski Michał , Kerber Olga , Pyrka Maciej , Koźmiński Wiktor , Krężel Artur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCdII is a major genotoxic agent that readily displaces ZnII in a multitude of zinc proteins, abrogates redox homeostasis, and deregulates cellular metalloproteome. To date, this displacement has been described mostly for cysteine(Cys)‐rich intraprotein binding sites in certain zinc finger domains and metallothioneins. To visualize how a ZnII‐to‐CdII swap can affect the target protein's status and thus understand the molecular basis of CdII‐induced genotoxicity an intermolecular ZnII‐binding site from the crucial DNA repair protein Rad50 and its zinc hook domain were examined. By using a length‐varied peptide base, ZnII‐to‐CdII displacement in Rad50’s hook domain is demonstrated to alter it in a bimodal fashion: 1) CdII induces around a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude stabilization effect (log
=20.8 vs. log
=22.7), which defines an extremely high affinity of a peptide towards a metal ion, and 2) the displacement disrupts the overall assembly of the domain, as shown by NMR spectroscopic and anisotropy decay data. Based on the results, a new model explaining the molecular mechanism of CdII genotoxicity that underlines CdII’s impact on Rad50’s dimer stability and quaternary structure that could potentially result in abrogation of the major DNA damage response pathway is proposed.
Evaluating secrecy performance of cooperative NOMA networks under existence of relay link and direct link
Authors: Van Nguyen Minh‐Sang , Do Dinh‐Thuan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe secrecy performance of a nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is examined in this study by employment of a dual‐hop decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay under existence of eavesdropper. Due to the fact that the relay is trusted or untrusted device and thus eavesdropper may wiretap information from the base station or the relay. In this regard, three scenarios related to trusted and untrusted relays are proposed, with different assumptions on the information overhearing ability of the eavesdropper; ie, the first scenario is that an eavesdropper overhears signal from the relay while the BS is overheard by eavesdropper in the second scenarios. More specifically, we derive closed‐form expressions for the secure probability metrics when the direct and relay links experience independent Rayleigh fading. There metrics include strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) and the secure outage probability (SOP). Furthermore, secure performance of traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) is also provided as further comparison with NOMA counterpart. We analyze the influence of main coefficients such as the target rates and the transmit SNR factors on the secrecy performance. Our results specify that for reasonable selection of such parameters, secrecy performance can be enhanced remarkably. Numerical results are delivered to corroborate the derived results.
Modelling scour and deposition in harbours due to complex tsunami‐induced currents
Authors: Son Sangyoung , Lynett Patrick , Ayca Aykut 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a set of models responsible for hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological evolution are introduced with their theoretical backgrounds, and it is explained how they are fully connected through a two‐way coupling to yield an integrated sediment transport model applicable to tsunami cases. In particular, a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model with bottom shear‐induced rotational terms is chosen for the hydrodynamic model in order to provide a better physical approximation of tsunami‐related, near‐bed hydrodynamics in the nearshore. A finite‐volume scheme, stable and suitable for phase‐resolving model runs longer than 10 simulated hours, is adopted in the numerical discretization. The accuracy and applicability of the developed model are investigated through numerical tests on various sediment problems in the shallow region. Calculated results agree well with existing experimental records. Finally, an ocean‐wide, field‐scale simulation of the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami is attempted, with a focus on the localized effects of tsunami‐induced morphological changes at Crescent City Harbor and Santa Cruz Harbor (USA). Consistent with the reported observations, strong and vortical velocity fields are generated through the model and result in significant changes in morphological configurations. Depth variations and areas of scouring and deposition are compared between modelled and observed records, and the results are discussed. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on wireless robot path planning under edge computing considering multistep searching and inflection points
Authors: Bi Zhongqin , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Xiaoxian , Zhou Ping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe wireless robot path planning is a hot research topic in the fields of automatic control and wireless communication. With the help of the edge computing model, the robot can implement location‐aware and positioning to effectively explore the direction and avoid barriers with less computation time. In this paper, an improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed to wireless robot path planning. First, the grid method to build a formal map for the robot environment is introduced, by which we can accurately simulate the barriers and paths environment. Second, the multistep path‐planning method is proposed to optimize the path length of robot walking and improve the quality of the solution. Third, to make the wireless robot route smoother, the inflection point parameter is integrated into the probability formula. All these related data are collected and processed at the edge node with cooperative communication. The way of edge computing makes root robustness and stability. Besides, the pheromone strength coefficient Q is reduced to increase the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the experiment results show that our method can obtain a better path planning for the wireless robot, compared with the traditional algorithms.
Differential transform solution for Hall and ion‐slip effects on radiative‐convective Casson flow from a stretching sheet with convective heating
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Ullah Khan Sami , Anwar Bég O. , Kadir A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) materials processing is becoming increasingly popular in the 21st century as it offers significant advantages over conventional systems, including improved manipulation of working fluids, reduction in wear, and enhanced sustainability. Motivated by these developments, the present work develops a mathematical model for Hall and ion‐slip effects on non‐Newtonian Casson fluid dynamics and heat transfer toward a stretching sheet with a convective heating boundary condition under a transverse magnetic field. The governing conservation equations for mass, linear momentum, and thermal (energy) are simplified with the aid of similarity variables and Ohm's law. The emerging nonlinear‐coupled ordinary differential equations are solved with an analytical technique known as the differential transform method. The impact of different emerging parameters is presented and discussed with the help of graphs and tables. Generally, aqueous electroconductive polymers are considered, for which a Prandtl number of 6.2 is employed. With increasing Hall parameter and ion‐slip parameter, the flow is accelerated, whereas it is decelerated with greater magnetic parameter and rheological (Casson) fluid parameter. Skin friction is also decreased with greater magnetic field effect, whereas it is increased with stronger Hall parameter and ion‐slip parameter values.
Widespread of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae with high genetic diversity after two decades use of Hib vaccine in China
Authors: Dong Qiaoli , Shi Wei , Cheng Xiaoping , Chen Changhui , Meng Qinghong , Yao Kaihu , Qian Suyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carriage Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from children with respiratory infections in Beijing hospital and Youyang Hospital of China.MethodsThe serotypes of all isolates were determined using latex agglutinated antisera (a‐f). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antibiotics were determined using E‐test strips. For the beta‐lactamase‐negative ampicillin‐resistant (BLNAR) isolates, ftsI gene was sequenced based on fragments amplified by PCR. STs of H influenzae isolates were determined by multi‐locus sequence typing.ResultsThe overall carriage rate of H influenzae in the study population was 9.1% (362/3984). One hundred and ninety H influenzae isolates which were selected in our study were non‐typeable (NTHi) and 44 (23.2%) of them were positive for β‐lactamase. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and levofloxacin. Susceptibility rates to erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim in Beijing were significantly higher than Youyang (P < .05). Thirty‐six BLNAR isolates were identified. The MLST analysis showed 108 STs in 190 isolates, the most common of which were ST408 (11, 5.8%), ST914 (10, 5.3%), ST57 (9, 4.7%), and ST834 (6, 3.2%). Twelve STs were detected in both of the study sites, which covered 63 isolates.ConclusionsAll isolates in the present study were NTHi, which suggested widespread of this type in China. The BLNAR isolates were detected more frequently than before. Because high genetic diversity of NTHi isolates of H influenzae exists worldwide, it is important to continuously monitor these bacteria in the future.