bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image multiplexing using residue number system coding over MIMO-OFDM communication system
Authors: Youssif Mohamed Ibrahim , Emam Amr ElSayed , ElGhany Mohamed Abd 
Published: October 2019

<p>Image transmission over Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system is prone to distortion and noise due to the encountered High-Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) generated from the OFDM block. This paper studies the utilization of Residue Number System (RNS) as a coding scheme for digital image transmission over Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) – OFDM transceiver communication system. The use of the independent parallel feature of RNS, as well as the reduced signal amplitude to convert the input signal to parallel smaller residue signals, enable to reduce the signal PAPR, decreasing the signal distortion and the Bit Error Rate (BER). Consequently, improving the received Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and enhancing the received image quality. The performance analyzed though BER, and PAPR. Moreover, image quality measurement is achieved through evaluating the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and the correlation values between the initial and retrieved images. Simulation results had shown the performance of transmission/reception model with and without RNS coding implementation.</p><p> </p>
On the classification of arrhythmia using supplementary features from Tetrolet transforms
Authors: Jayagopi G. , Pushpa S. 
Published: October 2019

<span>Heart diseases had been molded as potential threats to human lives, especially to elderly people in recent days due to the dynamically varying food habits among the people. However, these diseases could be easily caught by proper analysis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals acquired from individuals. This paper proposes a better method to detect and classify the arrhythmia using 15 features which include 4 R-R interval features, 3 statistical and 6 chaotic features estimated from ECG signals. Additionally, Entropy and Energy features had been gained after converting one dimensional ECG signals to two dimensional data and applied Tetrolet transforms on that. Total numbers of 15 features had been utilized to classify the heart beats from the benchmark MIT-Arrhythmia database using Support Vector Machines (SVM). The classification performance was analyzed under various kernel functions and different Tetrolet decomposition levels. It is found that Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel could perform better than linear and polynomial kernels. This research attempt yielded an accuracy of 99.35 % against the existing works. Moreover, addition of two more features had introduced a negligible overhead of time. Hence, this method is better suitable to detect and classify the Arrhythmia in both online and offline.</span>
Optimization of discrete wavelet transform features using artificial bee colony algorithm for texture image classification
Authors: Albkosh Fthi M. , Hitam Muhammad Suzuri , Yussof Wan Nural Jawahir Hj Wan , Hamid Abdul Aziz K Abdul , Ali Rozniza 
Published: October 2019

Selection of appropriate image texture properties is one of the major issues in texture classification. This paper presents an optimization technique for automatic selection of multi-scale discrete wavelet transform features using artificial bee colony algorithm for robust texture classification performance. In this paper, an artificial bee colony algorithm has been used to find the best combination of wavelet filters with the correct number of decomposition level in the discrete wavelet transform. The multi-layered perceptron neural network is employed as an image texture classifier. The proposed method tested on a high-resolution database of UMD texture. The texture classification results show that the proposed method could provide an automated approach for finding the best input parameters combination setting for discrete wavelet transform features that lead to the best classification accuracy performance.
A comparitive study on handover probability analysis for future HetNets
Authors: Sajja Neeraja , Abhishiktha A. 
Published: October 2019

<p>The need of wireless services increasing day by day due to the advancements in the field of wireless technology towards 5G for instant transferring the mails, messages and video calling without any interruption. In LTE and 5G wireless networks, major task is to provide seamless connection anywhere, anytime when the user may roam among Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HetNets). To achieve proper mobility management among HetNets, handoff or hadover is required. Handover Probability is one of the metric to estimate the handover performance, which is a probability of Mobile Node to handover the present connection from the current base station to another base station or enode B. In this paper, handoff probability analysis is done for multiple HetNets based on Handover Algorithm. To estimate this algorithm, bandwidth is considered as one of the key parameter. A comparative analysis of handover probability for two, three, four and five HetNets has been performed. The results can demonstrate that the variation of handover probability with respect to traffic load, threshold and bandwidth. It is observed that, as the number of wireless networks increases handover probability slightly increases with traffic load. These results are more significant to estimate further wrong decision handovers based on that Quality of Service (QoS) is evaluated in practical HetNets such as integration of LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX etc. </p>
Spatiotemporal and Demographic Trends and Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults in the United States Based on 181 Million Hospitalization Records
Authors: Singh Gitanjali M. , Becquart Ninon , Cruz Melissa , Acevedo Andrea , Mozaffarian Dariush , Naumova Elena N. 
Published: October 2019

Background
The US population is aging, with concurrent increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) burdens; however, spatiotemporal and demographic trends in CVD incidence in the US elderly have not been investigated in detail. This study aims to characterize trends from 1991 to 2014 in CVD hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65+ years, by single year of age/sex/race/state using records from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid, covering 98% of older Americans.

Methods and Results
We abstracted 181 202 758 US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid hospitalization records indicating CVD in any of 10 diagnosis codes; tabulated total cases of CVD by sex, age, race, state, and calendar year (1991–2014); and normalized hospitalization counts to standardize over data batches. Stratum‐specific hospitalization rates were calculated using US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid records and US Census population counts; a cubic polynomial function was fit to year‐specific distributions of rates by single year of age. Nationwide, CVD‐related hospitalization rates increased from 1991 to 2014. Differences between hospitalization rates at age 65 and 66 years, representing magnitude of healthcare deferral until Medicare onset, increased by 7.49 per 100 people 1991 to 2006 overall, and were largest among blacks and Native Americans. Rates of CVD hospitalizations were consistently highest in the Midwest/Deep South. Evidence of misclassification of race/ethnicity in US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid hospitalization records in the 1990s was noted.

Conclusions
Trends in CVD‐related hospitalization rates among older Americans highlight the essential need for targeted policies to reduce CVD burdens, to improve reporting of race/ethnicity in large administrative databases, and to enhance access to affordable healthcare.
Retrospective Selection in Visual and Tactile Working Memory Is Mediated by Shared Control Mechanisms
Authors: Katus Tobias , Eimer Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Selective attention regulates the activation of working memory (WM) representations. Retro-cues, presented after memory sample stimuli have been stored, modulate these activation states by triggering shifts of attention to task-relevant samples. Here, we investigated whether the control of such attention shifts is modality-specific or shared across sensory modalities. Participants memorized bilateral tactile and visual sample stimuli before an auditory retro-cue indicated which visual and tactile stimuli had to be retained. Critically, these cued samples were located on the same side or opposite sides, thus requiring spatially congruent or incongruent attention shifts in tactile and visual WM. To track the attentional selection of retro-cued samples, tactile and visual contralateral delay activities (tCDA and CDA components) were measured. Clear evidence for spatial synergy effects from attention shifts in visual WM on concurrent shifts in tactile WM were observed: Tactile WM performance was impaired, and tCDA components triggered by retro-cues were strongly attenuated on opposite-sides relative to same-side trials. These spatial congruency effects were eliminated when cued attention shifts in tactile WM occurred in the absence of simultaneous shifts within visual WM. Results show that, in contrast to other modality-specific aspects of WM control, concurrent attentional selection processes within tactile and visual WM are mediated by shared supramodal control processes.
Advanced Problems in Mathematics
Authors: Siklos Stephen 
Published: October 2019

This book is intended to help candidates prepare for entrance examinations in mathematics and scientific subjects, including STEP (Sixth Term Examination Paper). STEP is an examination used by Cambridge colleges as the basis for conditional offers. They are also used by Warwick University, and many other mathematics departments recommend that their applicants practice on the past papers even if they do not take the examination.
'Advanced Problems in Mathematics' is recommended as preparation for any undergraduate mathematics course, even for students who do not plan to take the Sixth Term Examination Paper. The questions analysed in this book are all based on recent STEP questions selected to address the syllabus for Papers I and II, which is the A-level core (i.e. C1 to C4) with a few additions. Each question is followed by a comment and a full solution. The comments direct the reader’s attention to key points and put the question in its true mathematical context. The solutions point students to the methodology required to address advanced mathematical problems critically and independently.
This book is a must read for any student wishing to apply to scientific subjects at university level and for anybody interested in advanced mathematics.
A 100-m-Scale Modeling Study of a Gale Event on the Lee Side of a Long Narrow Mountain
Authors: Xue Haile , Li Jian , Qian Tingting , Gu Hongping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a gale event that occurred on the lee side of a long narrow mountain was investigated, together with the associated mountain flows, using a realistic-case large-eddy simulation (LES) that is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The mountain is located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where approximately 58 gales occur annually, mostly in the afternoons during the winter season. Benefitting from realistic topography and high horizontal resolution as fine as 111 m, the LES can replicate features similar to the wind fields observed during the gale period. Investigation of the early morning wind structure over the mountain revealed that weak inflows were blocked, reversed, and divided in the upstream area and that some weak lee waves, rotors, and two clear lee vortices were evident downstream. As the upstream wind accelerated and the boundary layer developed during the daytime, the lee waves became amplified with severe downslope wind and rotors. The interaction and coherent structure of the downslope wind, rotor, and vortices were investigated to show the severe wind distribution. The mountain drags associated with blocking and amplified lee waves are displayed to show the potential impact on the large-scale model. The linear lee-wave theory was adopted to explain the wave evolution during this event together with a discussion of the uncertainty around low-level nonlinear processes.
A Lagrangian Analysis of Water Vapor Sources and Pathways for Precipitation in East China in Different Stages of the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Shi Yi , Jiang Zhihong , Liu Zhengyu , Li Laurent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) platform is used to simulate Lagrangian trajectories of air parcels in East China during the summer monsoon. The investigation includes four distinct stages of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during its seasonal migration from south to north. Correspondingly, the main water vapor channel migrates from the west Pacific Ocean (PO) for the premonsoon in South China (SC) to the Indian Ocean (IO) for the monsoon in SC and in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin, and finally back to the PO for the terminal stage of monsoon in North China. Further calculations permit us to determine water vapor source regions and water vapor contribution to precipitation in East China. To a large extent, moisture leading to precipitation does not come from the strongest water vapor pathways. For example, the proportions of trajectories from the IO are larger than 25% all of the time, but moisture contributions to actual precipitation are smaller than 10%. This can be explained by the large amount of water vapor lost in the pathways across moisture-losing areas such as the Indian and Indochina Peninsulas. Local water vapor recycling inside East China (EC) contributes significantly to regional precipitation, with contributions mostly over 30%, although the trajectory proportions from subregions in EC are all under 10%. This contribution rate can even exceed 55% for the terminal stage of the monsoon in North China. Such a result provides important guidance to understand the role of land surface conditions in modulating rainfall in North China.
Evaluation of Stochastic Perturbed Parameterization Tendencies on Convective-Permitting Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Rainfall Events in New York and Taiwan
Authors: Lupo Kevin M. , Torn Ryan D. , Yang Shu-Chih 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The representation of model error in ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) can be limited by the assumptions within parameterization schemes. Stochastic perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT) is one representation of model error that randomly perturbs parameterized physical tendencies using a spatially and temporally correlated red-noise field. This research investigates the sensitivity of ensemble rainfall forecasts produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to the configuration of SPPT and independent SPPT (iSPPT) for three meso–synoptic-scale heavy rainfall events over the United States and Taiwan, primarily focusing on the ensemble mean and standard deviation as well as forecast skill. Thirty-two 20-member ensembles, which represent a combination of eight configurations of the stochastic perturbation time scale, length scale, and amplitude scale, and four perturbed parameterization schemes, as well as an unperturbed control simulation, are examined for each event. In each case, rainfall standard deviation is most sensitive to the perturbation time scale and amplitude scale. Moreover, microphysics tendency perturbations are associated with the largest standard deviation in two of the three events, followed by perturbations to the total (nonmicrophysics), turbulent mixing, and radiation parameterized tendencies. Additionally, microphysics tendency perturbations are associated with an increase in the areal coverage of heavy rainfall compared to the control forecast, regardless of whether the control forecast over or underrepresents the observed rainfall distribution.
Neck Surgery with Hypnosis: An Evaluation Based Upon Patient’s Self Assessment
Authors: Jaouen Marie , Parent Valentine , Codet Maxime , Gerard Véronique , Chatellier-Miras Anita , Chaize Cécile , De Crouy Chanel Olivier , Jegoux Franck 
Published: October 2019

Background:Surgery with hypnosis avoids the use of general anesthesia (GA). It also shortens hospitalization and promotes outpatient surgery. The objective of this study has been to assess the satisfaction of operated patients. No previous study has focused on patient satisfaction in a prospective design.Methods:In this prospective, non-randomized, observational study, all patients operated with hypnosis between 2009 and 2017 in the Ear, Nose, and Throat department of a tertiary care hospital were selected. All patients were asked to fill a questionnaire based on a previously validated questionnaire incremented with complementary questions. Questionnaires were completed immediately after surgery for 31 patients and after 6 months for 20 patients. Global Satisfaction Index (GSI) was self-assessed on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Patients were asked; whether they felt comfortable during the operation, whether hypnosis helped them, whether the experience matched their expectations, whether they would revisit or recommend it to someone else and whether they considered to have been sufficiently informed before the procedure. The data was analyzed using a linear regression model with P < .05 considered as statistically significant.Results:During the inclusion period, no patient required conversion to GA. A total of 48 questionnaires were evaluated. The median of the GSI was 8/10. GSI significantly correlated with patient comfort ( P < 0.0001) and quality of preoperative information ( P = .002). The percentage of patients who found hypnosis helpful correlated with the duration of surgery ( P = .04). The probability for a patient to consider hypnosis as an experience matching their expectation increased with surgical team experience OR 0.55 (0.3-0.9).Conclusion:This study reveals that patients’ global satisfaction after hypnosis is high. This is significantly related to the quality of preoperative information and to the experience of the surgical team. It also suggests that patients are more likely to benefit from hypnosis if the surgery is longer.
Risk of Mortality between Untreated and Treated Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Lin Jonathan K. , Sakoda Lori C. , Darbinian Jeanne , Socarras Melissa , Chiao Whitney , Calixto Nathaniel , Quesenberry Charles , Gurushanthaiah Deepak , Wang Kevin H. , Durr Megan 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To examine the association between treatment status and mortality risk among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: We identified 3,679 adults with PTC. Thirty-one untreated patients were matched to 155 treated patients. Hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate all-cause and disease-specific mortality. A low-risk subgroup was analyzed for differences in all-cause mortality. Results: The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality at 5 and 10 years were 4.2 (1.7-10.3) and 4.1 (1.9-9.4) and for disease- specific mortality were 14.1 (3.4-59.3) and 10.2 (2.9-36.4), respectively, for untreated versus treated patients. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all- cause mortality was 0.7 (0.1-6.4) for low-risk untreated versus matched treated patients. Conclusions: Compared to treated patients, untreated PTC patients were at higher risk of death while low-risk untreated PTC patients had comparable rate of metastasis and no increased risk of all-cause mortality. Level of evidence: 3
The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender movement: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Almeida Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite 
Published: October 2019

Background: To identify, through the conscientious, explicit and judicious use, the evidence about health behaviors and situations included in the decision making on individuals belonging to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) group in the context of ethnic disparities and sexual minorities. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis meta-synthesis from searches in electronic databases SCOPUS and Virtual Health Library (VHL), portal that hosts databases such as MEDLINE, using the following descriptors MeSH (Medical Subject Headings): ‘Sexual Minorities’, ‘Health’, ‘African Continental Ancestry Group’ and ‘Brazil’. To achieve safe and reproducible research, the authors decided to gather the descriptors using Boolean operators AND and OR, in the following manner: in the VHL, Sexual Minorities AND Health AND African Continental Ancestry Group OR Brazil; in SCOPUS, Sexual Minorities AND Health AND African Continental Ancestry Group. The selection of articles occurred in two stages. Results: Of the 52 results found, this study included 14 articles, according to the stages of screening and eligibility criteria. The research carried out proved to be scarce when related to Brazil, so that the review was constructed from studies carried out in international environment. Conclusion: The scarcity of studies in this area suggested lack of knowledge on the health profiles of the LGBT Afro Population. The individualized attention proved to be insufficient and reveals the need for training health professionals aware of the aspects and health care for this population, with a view to implementing integral health policies that already exist.
Transnational Organizations, Accessibility, and the Next Generation
Authors: Durrell Jack 
Published: October 2019

Involvement in transnational organizations is an understudied aspect of next-generation transnationalism, the cross-border connections maintained by individuals born and/or raised in countries of settlement. Exploration of institutional accessibility—the existence or nonexistence of barriers to next-generation inclusion—across a nonrepresentative sample of Mexican and Salvadoran transnational political and philanthropic groups operating in California and Washington, DC, shows how it can facilitate next-generation involvement in cross-border organizations. Accessibility is judged in terms of four main indicators: resource constraints, outreach strategies, involvement in U.S. political arenas, and pervasive institutional cultures. La participación en organizaciones transnacionales es un aspecto poco estudiado del transnacionalismo de la próxima generación, las conexiones transfronterizas mantenidas por individuos nacidos y / o criados en países de asentamiento. La exploración de la accesibilidad institucional—la existencia o inexistencia de barreras para la inclusión de la próxima generación—a través de una muestra no representativa de grupos políticos y filantrópicos transnacionales mexicanos y salvadoreños que operan en California y Washington, DC, muestra cómo puede facilitar la participación de la próxima generación en organizaciones transfronterizas. La accesibilidad se juzga en términos de cuatro indicadores principales: limitaciones de recursos, estrategias de publicidad y reclutamiento, participación en los ámbitos políticos de los EE. UU. y culturas institucionales generalizadas.