bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume with a convolutional neural network in pediatric hydrocephalus—transfer learning from existing algorithms
Authors: Grimm Florian , Edl Florian , Kerscher Susanne R. , Nieselt Kay , Gugel Isabel , Schuhmann Martin U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor the segmentation of medical imaging data, a multitude of precise but very specific algorithms exist. In previous studies, we investigated the possibility of segmenting MRI data to determine cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume using a classical machine learning algorithm. It demonstrated good clinical usability and a very accurate correlation of the volumes to the single area determination in a reproducible axial layer. This study aims to investigate whether these established segmentation algorithms can be transferred to new, more generalizable deep learning algorithms employing an extended transfer learning procedure and whether medically meaningful segmentation is possible.MethodsNinety-five routinely performed true FISP MRI sequences were retrospectively analyzed in 43 patients with pediatric hydrocephalus. Using a freely available and clinically established segmentation algorithm based on a hidden Markov random field model, four classes of segmentation (brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), background, and tissue) were generated. Fifty-nine randomly selected data sets (10,432 slices) were used as a training data set. Images were augmented for contrast, brightness, and random left/right and X/Y translation. A convolutional neural network (CNN) for semantic image segmentation composed of an encoder and corresponding decoder subnetwork was set up. The network was pre-initialized with layers and weights from a pre-trained VGG 16 model. Following the network was trained with the labeled image data set. A validation data set of 18 scans (3289 slices) was used to monitor the performance as the deep CNN trained. The classification results were tested on 18 randomly allocated labeled data sets (3319 slices) and on a T2-weighted BrainWeb data set with known ground truth.ResultsThe segmentation of clinical test data provided reliable results (global accuracy 0.90, Dice coefficient 0.86), while the CNN segmentation of data from the BrainWeb data set showed comparable results (global accuracy 0.89, Dice coefficient 0.84). The segmentation of the BrainWeb data set with the classical FAST algorithm produced consistent findings (global accuracy 0.90, Dice coefficient 0.87). Likewise, the area development of brain and CSF in the long-term clinical course of three patients was presented.ConclusionUsing the presented methods, we showed that conventional segmentation algorithms can be transferred to new advances in deep learning with comparable accuracy, generating a large number of training data sets with relatively little effort. A clinically meaningful segmentation possibility was demonstrated.
Towards more meaningful scenarios of biodiversity responses to land-use change in Central Asia
Authors: Kamp Johannes , Freitag Martin , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe here respond to Nunez et al. (Reg Environ Chang 20:39, 2020), recently published in Regional Environmental Change. Nunez et al. project biodiversity responses to land-use and climate change in Central Asia. Their projections are based on scenarios of changing socio-economic and environmental conditions for the years 2040, 2070, and 2100. We suggest that the predicted magnitude of biodiversity loss might be biased high, due to four shortfalls in the data used and the methods employed. These are (i) the use of an inadequate measure of “biodiversity intactness,” (ii) a failure to acknowledge for large spatial variation in land-use trends across the five considered Central Asian countries, (iii) the assumption of a strictly linear, negative relationship between livestock grazing intensity and the abundance of animals and plants, and (iv) the extrapolation of grazing-related biodiversity responses into areas of cropland. We conclude that future scenarios of biodiversity response to regional environmental change in Central Asia will benefit from using regional, not global, spatial data on livestock distribution and land-use patterns. The use of extra-regional data on the relationships between biodiversity and land-use or climate should be avoided.
Survey on evaluation methods for dialogue systems
Authors: Deriu Jan , Rodrigo Alvaro , Otegi Arantxa , Echegoyen Guillermo , Rosset Sophie , Agirre Eneko , Cieliebak Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we survey the methods and concepts developed for the evaluation of dialogue systems. Evaluation, in and of itself, is a crucial part during the development process. Often, dialogue systems are evaluated by means of human evaluations and questionnaires. However, this tends to be very cost- and time-intensive. Thus, much work has been put into finding methods which allow a reduction in involvement of human labour. In this survey, we present the main concepts and methods. For this, we differentiate between the various classes of dialogue systems (task-oriented, conversational, and question-answering dialogue systems). We cover each class by introducing the main technologies developed for the dialogue systems and then present the evaluation methods regarding that class.
Maioricimonas rarisocia gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel planctomycete isolated from marine sediments close to Mallorca Island
Authors: Rivas-Marin Elena , Wiegand Sandra , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Jogler Mareike , Peeters Stijn H. , Heuer Anja , Jetten Mike S. M. , Boedeker Christian , Rohde Manfred , Devos Damien P. , Jogler Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlanctomycetes are ubiquitous bacteria with environmental and biotechnological relevance. Axenic cultures of planctomycetal strains are the basis to analyse their unusual biology and largely uncharacterised metabolism in more detail. Here, we describe strain Mal4T isolated from marine sediments close to Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Strain Mal4T displays common planctomycetal features, such as division by polar budding and the presence of fimbriae and crateriform structures on the cell surface. Cell growth was observed at ranges of 10–39 °C (optimum at 31 °C) and pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum at 7.5). The novel strain shows as pear-shaped cells of 2.0 ± 0.2 × 1.4 ± 0.1 µm and is one of the rare examples of orange colony-forming Planctomycetes. Its genome has a size of 7.7 Mb with a G+C content of 63.4%. Phylogenetically, we conclude that strain Mal4T (= DSM 100296T = LMG 29133T) is the type strain representing the type species of a novel genus, for which we propose the name Maioricimonas rarisocia gen. nov., sp. nov.
Toxicity of binary mixtures of Cu, Cr and As to the earthworm Eisenia andrei
Authors: Kilpi-Koski Johanna , Penttinen Olli-Pekka , Väisänen Ari O. , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures were used in the past for wood preservation, leading to large scale soil contamination. This study aimed at contributing to the risk assessment of CCA-contaminated soils by assessing the toxicity of binary mixtures of copper, chromium and arsenic to the earthwormEisenia andreiin OECD artificial soil. Mixture effects were related to reference models of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) using the MIXTOX model, with effects being related to total and available (H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2extractable) concentrations in the soil. Since only in mixtures with arsenic dose-related mortality occurred (LC5092.5 mg/kg dry soil), it was not possible to analyze the mixture effects on earthworm survival with the MIXTOX model. EC50s for effects of Cu, Cr and As on earthworm reproduction, based on total soil concentrations, were 154, 449 and 9.1 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. Effects of mixtures were mainly antagonistic when related to the CA model but additive related to the IA model. This was the case when mixture effects were based on total and H2O-extractable concentrations; when based on CaCl2-extractable concentrations effects mainly were additive related to the CA model except for the Cr–As mixture which acted antagonistically. These results suggest that the CCA components do interact leading to a reduced toxicity when present in a mixture.
Termite-killing components in Serratia marcescens (SM1)
Authors: Fu Renjie , Luo Jian , Feng Kai , Lu Xiaoyu , Tang Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe bacteria, Serratia marcescens (SM1) was previously obtained from the black-winged termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki. SM1 was highly toxic to O. formosanus, however, the mechanism of toxicity is unclear. In this study, toxicity test results showed that the main components that affected O. formosanus were in a supernatant and that the insecticidal protease in the supernatant resulted in the death of O. formosanus. In addition, zinc sulphate recovery experiments indicated that the metalloproteinases in the supernatant were more harmful. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the future biological control of termites, the basis for the development of pest control technology and the discovery of new pesticides.
Mitral valve surgery for ischemic papillary muscle rupture: outcomes from the Japan cardiovascular surgery database
Authors: Fujita Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Junjiro , Fukushima Satsuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Yamashita Kizuku , Motomura Noboru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ischemic papillary muscle rupture (PMR) is a catastrophic complication following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated early outcomes of PMR by using data from the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database, a nationwide Japanese registry.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 196 patients diagnosed with PMR following AMI in Japan between January 2014 and December 2017. Risk factors for operative mortality and severe complications following mitral valve surgery were analyzed.

Results
The 30-day and hospital mortality rates were 20% and 26%, respectively. Chronic hemodialysis, abrupt rupture after AMI, resuscitation before surgery, and preoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with mortality. Mitral valve replacement was chosen mainly (90%) for surgical correction of mitral regurgitation in these patients. There was no significant difference in short-term outcomes between mitral valve replacement versus mitral valve repair, despite non-matched characteristics in background between the treatment groups. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting had no impact on short-term outcomes.

Conclusions
Information derived from the nationwide database of patients with AMI-associated PMR show that PMR is a rare condition in the modern era. However, PMR is a severe disease with a mortality rate as high as 26%. The severity of the condition is associated with the risk for poor outcomes.
How we use Facebook to achieve our goals: a priming study regarding emotion regulation, social comparison orientation, and unaccomplished goals
Authors: Ozimek Phillip , Bierhoff Hans-Werner , Hamm Katharina M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn the basis of recent findings in the context of the Social Online Self-Regulation Theory it is assumed that intensity of social Facebook use (i.e., a higher intensity and more time spend on Facebook focusing on social activities) serves the purpose of self-regulation. A priming of unfulfilled goals was used to increase participants’ intensity of social Facebook use in order to regulate the negative emotions and the self-discrepancy which should be caused by the priming. High social comparison orientation as well as difficulties in emotion regulation were assumed to moderate that effect. 355 people took part in an online survey. As expected, difficulties in emotion regulation as well as social comparison orientation were positively correlated with intensity of social Facebook use. However, the priming effect was moderated by difficulties in emotion regulation. Our research follows propositions derived from self-regulation theory and is, therefore, integrated into a broader theoretical approach focusing on the goal-setting of the self. Finally, possible applications of this research on the explanation of dysfunctional social Facebook use are outlined.
Weiterempfehlungsprogramme: Die Wirkung des Akquisitionskanals und der Prämienaufteilung auf den Erfolg von Weiterempfehlungen
Authors: Klopfer Lisa-Marie , Steul-Fischer Martina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungWeiterempfehlungsprogramme haben sich in der Versicherungsbranche als Marketinginstrument etabliert, da sie sich als effektive und kosteneffiziente Alternative zu herkömmlichen Maßnahmen der Kundenakquise und -bindung, wie beispielsweise Direktmarketing, erweisen. Der Fokus der bisherigen Forschung zu Weiterempfehlungen und Weiterempfehlungsprogrammen lag primär auf der Weiterempfehlungsbereitschaft des Bestandskunden. Einer erfolgreichen Weiterempfehlung bedarf es jedoch auch der Bereitschaft zur Empfehlungsannahme des Empfehlungsempfängers. Diese empirische Studie rückt daher den Empfehlungsempfänger und die Determinanten der Annahme einer Weiterempfehlung in den Vordergrund. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kunden, die selbst über das Weiterempfehlungsprogramm eines Unternehmens akquiriert wurden, im Vergleich zu anderweitig gewonnenen Kunden (z. B. Direktmarketing) eine höhere Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit generieren (Akquisitionskanal). Weiterhin führt das Teilen der Weiterempfehlungsprämie zu einer höheren Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit als das alleinige Entlohnen des Empfehlungsgebers (Prämienaufteilung). Dieser Wirkungszusammenhang wird durch die wahrgenommene Fairness der Prämienaufteilung mediiert.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment in Progressive Ataxias
Authors: Lowit Anja , Egan Aisling , Hadjivassiliou Marios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCommunication difficulties have considerable impact on people with progressive ataxia, yet there are currently no evidence-based treatments. LSVT LOUD® focuses on the production of healthy vocal loudness whilst also improving breath support, vocal quality, loudness and articulation in participating patients. This study aimed to investigate whether Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD®) can improve communication effectiveness in these patients. We performed a rater-blinded, single-arm study investigating LSVT LOUD® treatment in a population of patients with progressive ataxia including Friedreich’s ataxia (n = 18), spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (n = 1), idiopathic cerebellar ataxia (n = 1), and spastic paraplegia 7 (n = 1). Twenty-one patients were recruited to the study, with 19 completing treatment. Sessions were administered via Skype in the LSVT-X format, meaning two sessions per week over a period of 8 weeks. Assessments included two baseline and two post-treatment measures and focused on outcome measures covering aspects ranging from physiological function to impact and participation. Results indicate improvements in patient-perceived outcomes for 14 of the 19 participants, in both speech and psychosocial domains. Speech data furthermore demonstrate significant improvements in prolonged vowel duration, and voice quality measures. Intelligibility and naturalness evaluations showed no change post-treatment. Patients reported high acceptability of the treatment itself, as well as administration by Skype. This is the largest treatment study for people with progressive ataxia published to date. It provides an indication that LSVT LOUD® can have a positive impact on communication in this patient group and could form the basis for larger-scale trials.
Post-glacial hunter-gatherer subsistence patterns in Britain: dietary reconstruction using FRUITS
Authors: Pickard Catriona , Bonsall Clive 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diets of 85 individuals from 21 sites were modelled using FRUITS based on their bulk bone collagen C and N isotope ratio signatures. The sites, which occur in a range of environments, group into three distinct periods corresponding to the British ‘Late Upper Palaeolithic’, ‘Early Mesolithic’ and ‘Late Mesolithic’, respectively. The FRUITS models for three LUP sites dated to the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial suggest an emphasis on terrestrial (animal and plant) resources. The FRUITS predictions for the Early and Late Mesolithic suggest there was significant variability in diet between sites and occasionally between individuals from the same site. The Late Mesolithic coastal site of Cnoc Coig in western Scotland shows the expected emphasis on marine resources. In contrast, Early and Late Mesolithic coastal sites in South Wales show greater reliance on terrestrial food sources. In several cases, our model predictions differ from the interpretations of previous authors. A surprising outcome is the lack of evidence for the consumption of freshwater resources at sites near large rivers. We add the caveat that our model predictions are likely influenced by inadequate baseline δ13C and δ15N data for wild terrestrial plant and aquatic resources, in particular.
Passage, Transition, Transformation? Die Sozialen Passagen als Ort sozialpädagogischer Reflexion
Authors: Mierendorff Johanna 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich des zehnjährigen Jubiläums des Journals „Soziale Passagen“ setzt sich der Beitrag mit der Gründungsgeschichte und der inhaltlichen Ausrichtung der Zeitschrift auseinander. Mit der Gründung der Zeitschrift ist ein neuer Ort sozialpädagogischer Reflexion entstanden, an dem sozialpädagogisches Handeln und sozialpädagogische Problemfelder unter den Bedingungen umfassender gesellschaftlicher Transformation empirisch und theoretisch in den Blick genommen werden. Das Journal Soziale Passagen kann damit den Anspruch geltend machen, Teil des Professionalisierungsprozesses der Sozialen Arbeit zu sein.
What more than a hundred project groups reveal about teaching visualization
Authors: Burch Michael , Melby Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growing number of students can be a challenge for teaching visualization lectures, supervision, evaluation, and grading. Moreover, designing visualization courses by matching the different experiences and skills of the students is a major goal in order to find a common solvable task for all of them. Particularly, the given task is important to follow a common project goal, to collaborate in small project groups, but also to further experience, learn, or extend programming skills. In this article, we survey our experiences from teaching 116 student project groups of 6 bachelor courses on information visualization with varying topics. Moreover, two teaching strategies were tried: 2 courses were held without lectures and assignments but with weekly scrum sessions (further denoted by TS1) and 4 courses were guided by weekly lectures and assignments (further denoted by TS2). A total number of 687 students took part in all of these 6 courses. Managing the ever growing number of students in computer and data science is a big challenge in these days, i.e., the students typically apply a design-based active learning scenario while being supported by weekly lectures, assignments, or scrum sessions. As a major outcome, we identified a regular supervision either by lectures and assignments or by regular scrum sessions as important due to the fact that the students were relatively unexperienced bachelor students with a wide range of programming skills, but nearly no visualization background. In this article, we explain different subsequent stages to successfully handle the upcoming problems and describe how much supervision was involved in the development of the visualization project. The project task description is given in a way that it has a minimal number of requirements but can be extended in many directions while most of the decisions are up to the students like programming languages, visualization approaches, or interaction techniques. Finally, we discuss the benefits and drawbacks of both teaching strategies.Graphic abstract
Bruchlinien der Inklusion
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Giese Martin , Wilson Wesley J. , Oldörp Felix 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAn der Schnittstelle zu den internationalen Adapted-Physical-Education(APE)-Diskursen entwirft der Beitrag eine Forschungsprogrammatik, die eine internationale Sichtbarkeit einer sportpädagogischen Inklusionsforschung garantieren soll. Ausgehend von der Kritik, dass der internationale APE-Diskurs die gemeinsame Beschulung von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit und ohne Behinderung als ein nicht zu hinterfragendes bildungspolitisches und forschungsprogrammatisches Paradigma akzeptiert, wird argumentiert, dass die grundsatzkritische Inklusionsthematisierung im deutschsprachigen Inklusionsdiskurs als eine Bereicherung für eine international sichtbare sportpädagogische Inklusionsforschung verstanden werden kann.In diesem Sinne plädieren die Autoren dafür, den temporal-fluiden und subjektiv rekonstruierenden Charakter subjektiver Teilhabeerfahrungen in den Blick zu nehmen. Inklusion wird in diesem Zugriff nicht auf eine Reihe von äußerlich beobachtbaren Organisations- und Verlaufsmerkmalen reduziert, sondern bezieht sich auf subjektive Erfahrungen, die mit qualitativen Forschungsmethoden von innen heraus freigelegt werden müssen. Um diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, werden vier zentrale Forschungsbereiche zur Diskussion gestellt: Bildungsentscheidungen verstehen, inklusive Praktiken analysieren, multiperspektivisch rekonstruieren und Intersektionalität.
Desorption of chromium (VI) and lead (II) ions and regeneration of the exhausted adsorbent
Authors: Bayuo Jonas , Abukari Moses Abdullai , Pelig-Ba Kenneth Bayetimani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe desorption characteristics of previously adsorbed hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and divalent lead [Pb(II)] ions on groundnut husk were tested by various desorption eluents such as tap water, de-ionized water, NaOH, HCl and H2SO4. Among them, HCl and H2SO4 were chosen as the best desorbing agents for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions, respectively, due to their high desorption efficiency. The desorption efficiency of HCl and H2SO4 for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions was about 76.1% and 82.1%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 M for both elution agents. The exhausted groundnut husk was regenerated up to five cycles, and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions on the recycled groundnut husk could be maintained at 53.5% and 54.6%, respectively, in the third cycle. The successive regeneration cycles resulted in the reduction of the desorption efficiency by 20.0% and 26.7% for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions, respectively, after the third cycle. The results show that groundnut husk could be recycled when used to remove Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions from Cr(VI) and Pb(II)-polluted water and wastewaters.