bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of hospital geographic remoteness on overall survival after colorectal cancer resection using state‐wide administrative data
Authors: Udayasiri Dilshan K. , MacCallum Caroline , Da Silva Nigel , Skandarajah Anita , Hayes Ian P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to use administrative data (AD) linked to the Victorian death index (VDI) to report on overall long‐term survival following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, comparing regional to metropolitan hospitals.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using prospectively gathered AD linked to VDI. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Outcomes were adjusted for potential confounders via multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsTotal of 17 533 patients: 12 879 metropolitan patients, 3835 inner regional patients and 719 outer regional patients. Multivariable Cox regression, adjusted for the effects of age, ASA score, Charlson score, position of tumour, mode of access, admission type, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, return to theatre, length of stay, HDU admission and discharge destination showed no difference in OS comparing CRC resection patients from inner or outer regional hospitals to metropolitan ((HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.09, P = 0.59) and (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85–1.11, P = 0.68) respectively).ConclusionThis is the largest and most detailed study concerning OS after CRC resection involving Victorian public hospitals. There was no difference in OS following CRC resection when inner or outer regional hospitals were compared to metropolitan hospitals in Victoria. The study demonstrated the utility of AD with validated algorithms, linked to death data for reporting CRC survival outcomes.
Laparoscopic parastomal herniorrhaphy utilizing transversus abdominis release and a modified Sugarbaker technique: A case report
Authors: Imamura Kiyotaka , Takada Minoru , Umemoto Kazufumi , Furukawa Shotaro , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Fumitaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman was referred to our department with complaints of abdominal discomfort in the standing position. She had undergone robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion for bladder cancer 10 months earlier. Abdominal CT revealed a parastomal hernia. Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair using the Pauli technique was performed successfully with no recurrence after a 4‐month follow‐up. Although there are concerns about potential mesh‐related complications and long‐term results, this novel approach can be a successful option for parastomal hernia repair. As far as we know, this is the first English‐language report on the application of Pauli parastomal hernia repair combined with a pure laparoscopic approach.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cancer, autoimmunity and metabolic disorders: An unsolved tantalizing challenge
Authors: Riancho Javier , Delgado‐Alvarado Manuel , Andreu María Dolores , Paz‐Fajardo Lucía , Arozamena Sara , Gil‐Bea Francisco Javier , López de Munaín Adolfo 
Published: June 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) commonly referred to as motor neurone disease, is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown pathogenesis that progresses rapidly and has attracted an increased amount of scholarly interest in recent years. The current conception of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has transitioned into a more complex theory in which individual genetic risk, ageing and environmental factors interact, leading to disease onset in subjects in whom the sum of these factors reach a determined threshold. Based on this conceptualization, the environmental conditions, particularly those that are potentially modifiable, are becoming increasingly relevant. In this review, the current integrative model of the disease is discussed. In addition, we explore the role of cancer, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases as examples of novel, non‐genetic and environmental factors. Together with the potential triggers or perpetuating pathogenic mechanisms along with new insights into potential lines of future research are provided.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Recent advances in ALS pathogenesis and therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc
Ethaninidothioic acid (R5421) is not a selective inhibitor of platelet phospholipid scramblase activity
Authors: Millington‐Burgess Sarah Louise , Bonna Arkadiusz M. , Rahman Taufiq , Harper Matthew Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeEthaninidothioic acid (R5421) has been used as a scramblase inhibitor to determine the role of phospholipid scrambling across a range of systems including platelet procoagulant activity. The selectivity of R5421 has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we characterised the effects of R5421 on platelet function and its suitability for use as a scramblase inhibitor.Experimental ApproachHuman platelet activation was measured following pretreatment with R5421 and stimulation with a range of agonists. Phosphatidylserine exposure was measured using annexin V binding. Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and α‐granule release were measured by flow cytometry. Cytosolic Ca2+ signals were measured using Cal520 fluorescence. An in silico ligand‐based screen identified 16 compounds which were tested in these assays.Key ResultsR5421 inhibited A23187‐induced phosphatidylserine exposure in a time‐ and temperature‐dependent manner. R5421 inhibited Ca2+ signalling from the PAR1, PAR4 and glycoprotein VI receptors as well as platelet αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α‐granule release. R5421 is therefore not a selective inhibitor of platelet scramblase activity. An in silico screen identified the pesticide thiodicarb as similar to R5421. It also inhibited platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, Ca2+ signalling from the PAR1 and glycoprotein VI, αIIbβ3 activation and α‐granule release. Thiodicarb additionally disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis in unstimulated platelets.Conclusion and ImplicationsR5421 is not a selective inhibitor of platelet scramblase activity. We have identified the pesticide thiodicarb, which had similar effects on platelet function to R5421 as well as additional disruption of Ca2+ signalling which may underlie some of thiodicarb's toxicity.
Recombinant thrombomodulin protects against LPS‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome via preservation of pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Suzuki Kodai , Okada Hideshi , Takemura Genzou , Takada Chihiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Yano Hirohisa , Muraki Isamu , Zaikokuji Ryogen , Kuroda Ayumi , Fukuda Hirotsugu , Nishio Ayane , Takashima Shigeo , Suzuki Akio , Miyazaki Nagisa , Fukuta Tetsuya , Yamada Noriaki , Watanabe Takatomo , Doi Tomoaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Kumada Keisuke , Ushikoshi Hiroaki , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeDisruption of the endothelial glycocalyx is causally related to microvascular endothelial dysfunction, a characteristic of sepsis‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) attenuates vascular endothelial injuries, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the structural basis and molecular mechanisms of rhTM effects on vascular endothelial injury in a model of sepsis.Experimental ApproachLPS (20 mg·kg−1) was intraperitoneally injected into 10‐week‐old male C57BL6 mice, and saline or rhTM was intraperitoneally injected 3 and 24 h after LPS injection. Using serum and/or lung tissue, histological, ultrastructural, and microarray analyses were performed.Key ResultsSurvival rate of rhTM‐treated mice was significantly higher than that of control mice 48 h after LPS injection. Serum concentrations of IL‐6 and high‐mobility group box 1 were lower in the rhTM‐treated group than in the control. Injury to the endothelial glycocalyx in pulmonary capillaries was attenuated by rhTM treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed up‐regulation of gene sets corresponding to cell proliferation/differentiation and anti‐inflammation, such as the TGF‐β pathway, and negative regulation of IL‐6, upon rhTM treatment. Gene expression of heparan sulfate 6‐O‐sulfotransferase 1 and endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (components of the endothelial glycocalyx) was significantly preserved by rhTM treatment, and their protein expression levels were maintained in endothelial cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings show that rhTM treatment affected inflammation, cell proliferation/differentiation, and glycocalyx synthesis in serum and lung tissue, subsequently attenuating ARDS caused by endothelial injury.
Association of gBRCA1/2 mutation locations with ovarian cancer risk in Japanese patients from the CHARLOTTE study
Authors: Yoshihara Kosuke , Enomoto Takayuki , Aoki Daisuke , Watanabe Yoh , Kigawa Junzo , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Inomata Hyoe , Hattori Kana , Jinushi Masahisa , Tsuda Hitoshi , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhether germline (g) breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations are located within or outside the ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) (1380‐4062 bp for gBRCA1, and between 3249‐5681 bp and 6645‐7471 bp for gBRCA2) may influence risk variations for ovarian cancers. This ad hoc analysis of the CHARLOTTE epidemiological study in Japan assessed the distribution of gBRCA1/2 mutations in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, and investigated an association between gBRCA1/2 mutation locations and ovarian cancer risk. Differences in patient background and clinical characteristics in subgroups stratified by gBRCA1/2 mutation locations were also evaluated. We analyzed the data of 93 patients (14.7%) from the CHARLOTTE study who were positive for gBRCA1/2 mutations. After excluding 16 cases with L63X founder mutation, 28 (65.1%) of gBRCA1 mutations were within the OCCR. Of 30 gBRCA2 mutations, 15 (50.0%) were within the OCCR. Of 27 patients (one patient excluded for unknown family history) with gBRCA1 mutations located in the OCCR, 11 (40.7%) had a family history of ovarian cancer; the proportion of patients with a family history of ovarian cancer and gBRCA1 mutations outside the OCCR was lower (13.3%). Sixty percent of patients with gBRCA1 mutations outside the OCCR had a family history of breast cancer; the proportion of patients with a family history of breast cancer and gBRCA1 mutations within the OCCR was relatively lower (33.3%). Understanding the mutation locations may contribute to more accurate risk assessments of susceptible individuals and early detection of ovarian cancer among gBRCA mutation carriers.
OM Research: Leading Authors and Institutions
Authors: Koufteros Xenophon A. , Babbar Sunil , Behara Ravi S. , Baghersad Milad 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we focus on papers published in a set of four premier journals, Journal of Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, and Management Science over the 15‐year period of 2001–2015. Using simple and weighted counts of papers along with network measures of Total Degree centrality and Bonacich Power centrality, we provide rankings of top authors and institutions in the field of Operations Management (OM) serving as hubs of research, connectivity, and productivity from across the world. In view of benefits that can accrue from increased research collaboration between academicians and practitioners, we examine the levels of practitioner participation in the research works published across these premier journals. We survey the extent to which the top ranked authors and institutions network with practitioners in producing joint publications in these journals. By identifying the top ranked authors and institutions in OM, this study provides information that can be useful to stakeholders who may wish to engage in collaborative research with the leading agents, or pursue educational opportunities with them. The study also presents a profile of productivity levels and what it takes for authors and institutions to rank among the top tiers. In so doing, it offers insights into yearly publication rates and underlying trends—insights that can be useful in the context of promotion and tenure, faculty evaluations, and in assessing the standings of individuals and institutions relative to leadership benchmarks.
Puberty drives fear learning during adolescence
Authors: Stenson Anaïs F. , Nugent Nicole R. , van Rooij Sanne J. H. , Minton Sean T. , Compton Alisha B. , Hinrichs Rebecca , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRisk for adverse outcomes, including the onset of mental illness, increases during adolescence. This increase may be linked to both new exposures, such as violence at home or in the community, or to physiological changes driven by puberty. There are significant sex differences in adolescent risk, for instance, anxiety disorders are significantly more prevalent in girls than boys. Fear learning is linked to mental health and may develop during adolescence, but the role of puberty in adolescent‐specific change has not yet been systematically evaluated. We conducted a longitudinal study of fear learning that tested fear‐potentiated startle (FPS) in 78 children (40 girls) aged 8–16 years. Participants completed two to three visits that included a differential fear conditioning task and self‐report of both pubertal status and violence exposure. We tested for effects of sex, pubertal status, and violence exposure on FPS over time with latent growth curve models. We also examined the association between FPS and later anxiety symptoms. We found significant changes in FPS to the threat cue, but not the safety cue, across visits. Higher pubertal status was significantly associated with increased FPS to threat cues at each visit, whereas sex and violence exposure were not. FPS to threat during the baseline visit also predicted later anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that puberty drives increased fear response to threat cues similarly for girls and boys, and that this effect may not be significantly impacted by individual differences in violence exposure during early adolescence.
Influence of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) infection
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Jingqi , Sun Xiaohua , Wang Lijuan , Xu Yunfang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xingxiang , Dong Chen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of diabetes on the severity and fatality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 66 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients were collected and classified into non‐severe (mild/moderate cases) and severe (severe/critical cases) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of severe COVID‐19 (severe/critical infection). In addition, a meta‐analysis including published studies reported the impact of diabetes on the severity and fatality of COVID‐19. The current study was conducted using fixed effects models.ResultsThere were 22 diabetes and 44 non‐diabetes cases among the 66 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Seven patients with diabetes (31.82%) were diagnosed as severe COVID‐19 cases, which was significantly higher than that in the non‐diabetes group (4/44, 9.09%, P = .033). After adjustment for age and gender, diabetes was significantly associated with COVID‐19 severity (OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.07–26.02). A meta‐analysis further confirmed the positive association between diabetes and COVID‐19 severity (pooled OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.93–3.45). Moreover, the patients with diabetes infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 had a 2.95‐fold higher risk of fatality compared with those patients without diabetes (95% CI: 1.93–4.53).ConclusionsOur findings provide new evidence that diabetes is associated with a higher risk of severity and fatality of COVID‐19. Therefore, intensive monitoring and antidiabetic therapy should be considered in patients with diabetes with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Characteristics and potential biomarkers of adult sickle cell patients with chronic pain
Authors: Albo Camila , Kumar Sanjiv , Pope Michael , Kidwell Kyle Michael , Xu Hongyan , Bowman Latanya , Wells Leigh , Barrett Nadine , Fields Sabine , Bora Pritam , Patel Niren , Kutlar Abdullah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the evolution of chronic pain in sickle cell patients (SCD) as an age‐dependent phenomenon and studied the frequency of vaso‐occlusive episode frequency, opioid use, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and biomarkers of chronic pain (CP).MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional study of the evolution of CP in SCD. A total of 72 subjects (age 15‐66) were enrolled. VOE frequency, presence of CP hydroxyurea (HU) therapy, opioid use, and laboratory parameters were collected. QST was performed, and plasma tryptase, substance P, and NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) levels were assayed.ResultsThere was an age‐dependent increase in frequency of CP, VOEs, opioid use, and Von Frey monofilament values. CP patients had significantly higher opioid use (daily morphine equivalents) (52.8 mg vs 6.94 mg, P = .009), suggesting a correlation between opioid use and hyperalgesia. NGF levels were also significantly higher (P = .051). Our results confirm previous observations of an age‐dependent increase in the proportion of patients with CP and support the contributing role of mast cell activation and neurogenic inflammation.ConclusionsThis is the first study of NGF as a possible biomarker of CP in SCD. If confirmed, this could provide a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CP in SCD.
Accelerated brain ageing in sepsis survivors with cognitive long‐term impairment
Authors: Seidel Gundula , Gaser Christian , Götz Theresa , Günther Albrecht , Hamzei Farsin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the last years, cognitive impairment was emphasized to be a prominent long‐term sequelae of sepsis. The level of cognitive impairment is comparable with that in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Whether sepsis survivors also show a comparable brain atrophy is still unclear. For the analysis of brain atrophy, a novel method named brain age gap estimation (BrainAGE) was used. In this analysis approach, an algorithm identifies age‐specific atrophy across the whole brain and calculates a BrainAGE score in years. In case of accelerated brain atrophy, the BrainAGE score is increased in comparison to the healthy age reference group, indicating a difference in estimated chronological age. 20 survivors of severe sepsis (longer than 2 years post sepsis) with persistent cognitive deficits were investigated with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Their MRI images were compared to an age‐ and sex‐matched control group. Sepsis survivors showed a significant higher BrainAGE score of 4.5 years compared to healthy controls. We also found a close relationship between the BrainAGE score and severity of cognitive impairment (a higher BrainAGE score was associated with more severe cognitive impairment). Consequently, sepsis survivors with persistent cognitive impairment showed an accelerated brain ageing, which was closely associated with the severity of cognitive impairment (similar to MCI patients).
First report of rapid eye color change in a non‐avian tetrapod
Authors: Carlson Bradley E. , Klein Keith , Rhodes Chaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLike coloration of the integument, eye color can be a significant but understudied component of communication and reproductive behavior. Eye color can change with sexual maturation and become sexually dimorphic, but in a few birds and fish, eye color can also change rapidly in response to the environment. There are few cases of the latter, and we report here several instances of such change in eye color in the Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina), the first non‐avian tetrapod in which this capability has been reported. In male turtles, the iris changed from a pale yellow color (often characteristic of juveniles) to a bright red color (characteristic of mature males) in a period of <5 s. The nature of the color change is similar to that observed in some birds and suggests a common mechanism and/or adaptive role, which could be further explored in Eastern box turtles.
Venous aneurysm of the jugular vein in horses
Authors: Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. 
Published: June 2020

Venous anomalies of the jugular vein are uncommon in the horse. Jugular venous aneurysms (congenital or pseudoaneurysm) in horses usually present as a compressible asymptomatic cervical mass enlarging on manual congestion of the jugular vein. They can be classified into primary (congenital) and acquired lesions. Primary venous aneurysms are true venous aneurysms because in these lesions the venous wall is intact, whereas false or pseudoaneurysm has a disruption of the inner layers of the venous wall. Two types of jugular vein aneurysm can be identified, fusiform or saccular, the former being the most common in people. Doppler ultrasound imaging confirms the diagnosis. Surgical treatment, aneurysmectomy with venorraphy or venoplasty is indicated in case of progressive aneurysmal expansion. This clinical commentary describes a 4‐month‐old foal presented with a primary aneurysm of the right jugular vein in the midcervial region. Treatment consisted of partial aneurysmectomy and venorraphy. Four years later, the horse had a patent jugular vein with a normal diameter and was trained without clinical signs of venous distension.
Caudal epidural co‐administration of methadone and morphine in horses: An evaluation of analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function, mentation and physical examination parameters
Authors: Rønnow Kjærulff L. N. , Dorch Lauritsen N. J. , Thorn Ekstrøm C. , Østergaard S. , Olsen E. , Hyldahl Laursen S. , Lindegaard C. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCaudal epidural analgesia is a well‐established therapeutic modality for pain alleviation in horses. Additionally, epidural analgesia could potentially be a complementary diagnostic tool for confirmation of pain‐related conditions in horses presenting with nonspecific signs of poor performance or rideability issues. To use the epidural as a diagnostic tool, the administered medications should provide efficient analgesia without accompanying adverse effects. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function, mentation and physical examination parameters of caudal epidural co‐administration of methadone and morphine in horses. Five mares received a caudal epidural injection of 0.1 mg/kg bwt methadone and 0.1 mg/kg bwt morphine diluted to a total volume of 4.4 mL/100 kg. Before and several times thereafter, horses were subjected to mechanical nociceptive threshold evaluation, physical examination, assessment of mentation and locomotor function examination. Horses were assigned ataxia scores (0–4) by a group of inexperienced raters (three senior‐year veterinary students) and a group of experienced raters (two board‐certified internal medicine specialists) that assessed the locomotor examinations either live or video‐based. The epidural co‐administration of methadone and morphine resulted in clinically relevant and statistically significant increases of horses’ tolerance to mechanical noxious stimuli at the coccygeal, perineal, sacral, lumbar and thoracic regions. Analgesia was evident after 4.4 h and lasted at least 5 h. Regional differences in the onset of analgesia reflected a cranial spread of the analgesic solution. No horses showed signs of gait disturbances; the overall median ataxia score was 0 at all times; and the average difference in scores between two randomly selected raters for a random horse at a random time point was 0.377 indicating high inter‐rater agreement. There were no adverse changes of mentation and physical examination parameters. Observed side effects included signs of decreased frequency of defaecation, generalised sweating, and pruritus.