bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Leptomeningeal Metastases Using SPINE, A Web‐Based Collaborative Platform
Authors: Deol Madhvi , Palotai Miklos , Pinzon Alfredo Morales , Marciniak Andrzej , Bliault Gregory , Covert Etta , Aizer Ayal , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Desalvo Matthew N. , Li Xiao Tian , Thomas Aaron , Tran Ngoc‐Anh , Jacobson Alex , Huang Raymond , Guttmann Charles R.G. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSELeptomeningeal metastases (LMs) carry a poor prognosis. Existing LM scoring systems show limited reproducibility. We assessed the contribution of education level on the reproducibility of LM scoring using structured planning and implementation of new experiments (SPINE), a novel web‐based platform.METHODSStringent radiological definitions of LM and a customized interactive scoring system were implemented in SPINE. Five patients with brain LM and 3 patients with spine, but no brain LM, were selected. Each patient's baseline post‐contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI was analyzed by three attending neuroradiologists, two neuroradiology fellows, and two radiology residents. Raters identified and characterized all LMs based on: (1) location (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, ventricle, and/or cranial nerves); (2) shape (nodular and/or linear/curvilinear); (3) size (≥ or <5mm in two orthogonal diameters); (4) spatial extension (focal or diffuse). Inter‐rater agreement and association of LM with patient survival were investigated.RESULTSOn average, 6.5 LMs per case were detected. Forty‐nine percent of LMs were cerebral, 77.7% were nodular, 86.6% were focal, and 66% were <5 × 5 mm. Agreement on the total number of LMs and the above‐mentioned common LM characteristics was higher between attendings (intra‐class correlation [ICC] = 0.8‐0.94) than fellows (ICC = 0.6‐0.82) or residents (ICC = 0.43‐0.73). Agreement on ventricular, cranial nerve, and nodular + linear LM was low even between attendings. The number of brainstem LMs showed significant correlation with survival.CONCLUSIONStructured education using SPINE may improve consistency in LM reporting. Future work should address the impact of the presented approach on the reproducibility of longitudinal analyses directly relevant to the assessment of treatment‐response.
VoiceThread
Authors: Erickson Diandra C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVoiceThread is a useful and versatile tool that provides instructors and students with a space for dynamic interaction, collaboration, and community building in an asynchronous environment. VoiceThread addresses specific drawbacks of asynchronous discussions by providing a space for students to interact with their instructor and classmates “face‐to‐face.” This review provides an overview of how VoiceThread can significantly improve student engagement, interaction, and collaboration in an asynchronous environment.
The effect of the interruption of agitation, temporary cooling, and pneumatic tube transportation on platelet quality during storage for transfusion
Authors: Böhmert Stephanie , Kübel Sarah , Müller Markus Matthias , Weber Christian Friedrich , Adam Elisabeth Hannah , Dröse Stefan , Zacharowski Kai , Fischer Dania 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundConditions during blood product storage and transportation should maintain quality. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of interruption of agitation, temporary cooling (TC), and pneumatic tube system transportation (PTST) on the aggregation ability (AA) and mitochondrial function (MF) of platelet concentrates (PC).Study Design and MethodsA PC was divided equally into four subunits and then allocated to four test groups. The control group (I) was stored as recommended (continuous agitation, 22 ± 2°C) for 4 days. The test groups were stored without agitation (II), stored as recommended, albeit 4°C for 60 minutes on day (d)2 (III) and PTST (IV). Aggregometry was measured using Multiplate (RocheAG; ADPtest, ASPItest, TRAPtest, COLtest) and MF using Oxygraph‐2k (Oroboros Instruments). The basal and maximum mitochondrial respiratory rate (MMRR) were determined. AA and MF were measured daily in I and II and AA in III and IV on d2 after TC/PTST. Statistical analysis was performed using tests for matched observations.ResultsEleven PCs were used. TRAP‐6 induced AA was significantly lower in II when compared to I on d4 (P = 0.015*). In III the ASPItest was significantly lower (P = 0.032*). IV showed no significant differences. The basal and MMRR were significantly reduced over 4 days in I and II (for both rates in both groups: P = <0.0001*). No significant differences occurred on d4 (P = 0.495).ConclusionOur results indicate that ex vivo AA and MF of PCs are unaffected, even in no‐ideal storage and transport circumstances with respect to agitation, temperature, and force.
BETWEEN IRON SKIES AND COPPER EARTH: ANTINATALISM AND THE DEATH OF GOD
Authors: Zandbergen J. Robbert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe proclamation of the death of God came at a pivotal time in the history of humankind. It far transcended the concerns of the religious faithful and dented the entire fabric of human existence. Left to its own devices, humans intended their consciousness to replace God's. This proved to be a terrible mistake that collapsed the entire modern project. One of the worldviews that emerged in the wake of this eruption was antinatalism, which refers to the conviction that human reproduction should be brought to an absolute halt. This is the most modern outgrowth of the death of God and represents the most radical face of secular humanism. In spite of the admittedly dark fumes that leak out from the term ‘antinatalism’, this philosophical position emerges quite naturally when we consider the depletion of our traditional sources of philosophical enquiry.
Chinook salmon exhibit long-term rearing and early marine growth in the Fraser River, British Columbia, a large urban estuary
Authors: Chalifour Lia , Scott David C. , MacDuffee Misty , Stark Steven , Dower John F. , Beacham Terry D. , Martin Tara G. , Baum Julia K. 
Published: December 2020

Estuaries represent a transition zone for salmon migrating from fresh water to marine waters, yet their contribution to juvenile growth is poorly quantified. Here, we use genetic stock identification and otolith analyses to quantify estuarine habitat use by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) — the Pacific salmon species considered most reliant on this habitat — in Canada’s most productive salmon river, the Fraser River. Two years of sampling revealed subyearling migrant (ocean-type) Chinook from the Harrison River to be the estuary’s dominant salmon population throughout the emigration period. These Chinook salmon were caught predominantly in the estuary’s brackish marshes but shifted to more saline habitats as they grew. Otolith analyses indicated that these Chinook salmon have wide-ranging entry timing (from February to May) and longer estuarine residency (weeks to months, mean 41.8 days) than estimated by prior studies, but similar daily growth rates (mean ± SD: 0.57 ± 0.13 mm) across entry dates and residency periods, implying sufficient foraging opportunities throughout the emigration period and habitats. Together, these results suggest that estuarine habitat is more important for early marine growth of subyearling migrant Chinook salmon than previously recognized.
Self-complete and GUP-modified charged and spinning black holes
Authors: Carr Bernard , Mentzer Heather , Mureika Jonas , Nicolini Piero 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe explore some implications of our previous proposal, motivated in part by the Generalised Uncertainty Principle (GUP) and the possibility that black holes have quantum mechanical hair that the ADM mass of a system has the form $$M + \beta M_{\mathrm{Pl}}^2/(2M)$$

M
+
β

M

Pl

2

/

(
2
M
)

, where M is the bare mass, $$M_{\mathrm{Pl}}$$

M
Pl

is the Planck mass and $$\beta $$
β
is a positive constant. This also suggests some connection between black holes and elementary particles and supports the suggestion that gravity is self-complete. We extend our model to charged and rotating black holes, since this is clearly relevant to elementary particles. The standard Reissner–Nordström and Kerr solutions include zero-temperature states, representing the smallest possible black holes, and already exhibit features of the GUP-modified Schwarzschild solution. However, interesting new features arise if the charged and rotating solutions are themselves GUP-modified. In particular, there is an interesting transition below some value of $$\beta $$
β
from the GUP solutions (spanning both super-Planckian and sub-Planckian regimes) to separated super-Planckian and sub-Planckian solutions. Equivalently, for a given value of $$\beta $$
β
, there is a critical value of the charge and spin above which the solutions bifurcate into sub-Planckian and super-Planckian phases, separated by a mass gap in which no black holes can form.
Studying the parameters of the extended σ-ω model for neutron star matter
Authors: Alvarez-Castillo David , Ayriyan Alexander , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor , Grigorian Hovik , Pósfay Péter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work we study the parameters of the extended σ-ω model for neutron star matter by a Bayesian analysis of state-of-the-art multi-messenger astronomy observations, namely mass, radius and tidal deformabilities. We have considered three parameters of the model, the Landau mass mL, the nuclear compressibility K0, and the value of the symmetry energy S0, all at saturation density n0. As a result, we are able to estimate the best values of the Landau mass of mL ≈ 0.73 GeV, whereas the values of K0 and S0 fall within already known empirical values. Furthermore, for neutron stars we find the most probable value of 13 km < R1.4 < 13.5 km and the upper mass limit of Mmax ≈ 2.2 M⊙.
HOW HARD IS FOR AGENTS TO LEARN THE USER EQUILIBRIUM? CHARACTERIZING TRAFFIC NETWORKS BY MEANS OF ENTROPY
Authors: REDWAN CAMIL S. Z. , BAZZAN ANA L. C. 
Published: December 2020

Traffic assignment is an important stage in the task of modeling a transportation system. Several methods for solving the traffic assignment problem (TAP) were proposed, mostly based on iterative procedures. However, little was done in the direction of analyzing the difficulty of such procedures. For instance, why is it that some networks require orders of magnitude more iterations than others? What matters in this task? Clearly, the topology of the network can only give hints up to a certain level; the assignment task is fundamentally tied to how the demand is distributed (among other characteristics of the problem). This means that methods to estimate the complexity of a network (e.g. those based on centrality measures) can only help up to a certain level. The motivation for this work is to, a priori, estimate how hard will the effort underlying solving the TAP be (i.e. without doing the actual assignment). It arose from the fact that after performing assignment in several different networks, we noted that finding the solution for the problem was much easier for some networks than for others. Specifically, the more complex the network, the more difficulty it is to setup the parameters underlying the procedure for solving the TAP. In this work, we propose a new measure of how coupled routes in a network are, based on an estimation of the demand distribution. Our approach involves three main steps: (i) sampling the universe of all possible assignments, (ii) creating a model that gives the incentive a road user has for changing routes, as well as the asymptotic distribution of preference for routes, and (iii) computing the entropy of this distribution. This approach is experimentally validated using several networks of different natures. We then solve the TAP by letting road users use reinforcement learning to learn the user equilibrium. With this, we are able to make important relationships between the entropy values and how hard are the learning tasks. Results suggest that it is possible to use both the entropy values as well as the asymptotic distribution of preferences of the road users to gain important information that guides the traffic expert. For instance, the higher the entropy, the higher the indication that more than one route is perceived as preferable and, hence, the more difficult the learning task.
Evaluating the Reproducibility of Physiological Stress Detection Models
Authors: Mishra Varun , Sen Sougata , Chen Grace , Hao Tian , Rogers Jeffrey , Chen Ching-Hua , Kotz David 
Published: December 2020

Recent advances in wearable sensor technologies have led to a variety of approaches for detecting physiological stress. Even with over a decade of research in the domain, there still exist many significant challenges, including a near-total lack of reproducibility across studies. Researchers often use some physiological sensors (custom-made or off-the-shelf), conduct a study to collect data, and build machine-learning models to detect stress. There is little effort to test the applicability of the model with similar physiological data collected from different devices, or the efficacy of the model on data collected from different studies, populations, or demographics.
This paper takes the first step towards testing reproducibility and validity of methods and machine-learning models for stress detection. To this end, we analyzed data from 90 participants, from four independent controlled studies, using two different types of sensors, with different study protocols and research goals. We started by evaluating the performance of models built using data from one study and tested on data from other studies. Next, we evaluated new methods to improve the performance of stress-detection models and found that our methods led to a consistent increase in performance across all studies, irrespective of the device type, sensor type, or the type of stressor. Finally, we developed and evaluated a clustering approach to determine the stressed/not-stressed classification when applying models on data from different studies, and found that our approach performed better than selecting a threshold based on training data. This paper's thorough exploration of reproducibility in a controlled environment provides a critical foundation for deeper study of such methods, and is a prerequisite for tackling reproducibility in free-living conditions.
Where You Go Matters
Authors: Baron Benjamin , Musolesi Mirco 
Published: December 2020

Data gathered from smartphones enables service providers to infer a wide range of personal information about their users, such as their traits, their personality, and their demographics. This personal information can be made available to third parties, such as advertisers, sometimes unbeknownst to the users. Leveraging location information, advertisers can serve ads micro-targeted to users based on the places they visited. Understanding the types of information that can be extracted from location data and implications in terms of user privacy is of critical importance.In this context, we conducted an extensive in-the-wild research study to shed light on the range of personal information that can be inferred from the places visited by users, as well as privacy sensitivity of the personal information. To this end, we developed TrackingAdvisor, a mobile application that continuously collects user location and extracts personal information from it. The app also provides an interface to give feedback about the relevance of the personal information inferred from location data and its corresponding privacy sensitivity. Our findings show that, while some personal information such as social activities is not considered private, other information such as health, religious belief, ethnicity, political opinions, and socio-economic status is considered private by the participants of the study. This study paves the way to the design of privacy-preserving systems that provide contextual recommendations and explanations to help users further protect their privacy by making them aware of the consequences of sharing their personal data.
The Circumcision Dress
Authors: Klein Warren 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper will explore the origins of the circumcision dress worn by Jewish male infants during their brit millah (ritual circumcision). With no requirements according to Jewish law on what is to be worn during this ceremony, how does early textual evidence point to our understanding and use of the dress? An examination of visual representations of circumcision ceremonies during the Early Modern period in manuscript and print culture points to the adaptation and use of a jacket worn by the infant during this time. This is then paired with extant examples of the period in museum collections. Lastly, as Jews began to assimilate and adapt practices of their host cultures in the nineteenth century, we see the rise of the practice of a dress worn by the infant, with an examination of infant costume and materials of the period.
Debasing the Deity
Authors: Arya Rina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article considers cases in the media of the cultural appropriation of Hindu symbols by Western fashion designers. Hinduism has a rich tradition of visual and material culture and designers are attracted to the aesthetic and symbolism of Hindu imagery. This has led to protests by Hindu groups who have objected to the uses to which their religion has been put. This article addresses the issues that have caused offence as a way of understanding what is sacred to the aforementioned group and of establishing greater understanding about what is deemed to be acceptable.
China’s Policy and Rule-Making Activities on Outer Space: The Case of Preventing Arms Race from the Global Commons Perspective
Authors: Li Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As China is rising as a space power, it intends to be more active in participating international rule-making activities. International legal rules are needed for the purpose of preserving peaceful order, which is the minimum condition of the outer space as a global common. Under the Conference of Disarmament, China, together with Russian Federation, advanced a draft treaty on the issue of prevention of arms race in outer space. For raising consents among states in the process of international rule-making, China’s policy and rule-making activities have to supply clear solutions to the divergent core issues including arms race, space weapons, use of force and threat of force in outer space, etc. Furthermore, as trust and confidence are imperative to any meaningful norm-setting agenda in international community, China can significantly improve the endeavour in international rule-making through strengthening its credibility.
The Internet Commons: Encroached and Disputed Domain Names
Authors: Chaisse Julien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the impact of China and, even more importantly, Chinese individuals on the governance of domain names, which form the fundamental structure of the Internet commons. Many commons exist in physical space, but increasingly, commons in digital space will be overexploited, and that is why the Internet and its interconnections, made of an unlimited number of domain names, need to be carefully regulated. Internet domain names are true economic assets which raise important legal issues in China and in the rest of the world. This article reviews the key developments in case law over the last decade with a focus on China. Interestingly, at least 35% of domain name disputes involve a Chinese responding party. The article shows that, despite being a major provider of users, China was never involved in the regulation and design of the Internet. In fact, China has rather emerged as a rule-shaker, given the large involvement of Chinese cybersquatters in the domain names case law. Fundamentally, this article shows that there is a tension between Internet control in China and global interconnection, which has had direct consequences for China’s engagement with ICANN and other institutions in charge of DNS globally.
Transboundary Fisheries Management
Authors: Zou Keyuan , Wang Jiayi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea created the exclusive economic zone regime, which makes more than 90 per cent of the world’s commercial fish stocks under the national jurisdiction of coastal States. The biological characteristics of fish demonstrate that the long-term sustainability of fisheries can only be achieved through cooperation and coordination among States, especially for the conservation of transboundary fish stocks. However, the ocean may have more than 1,500 transboundary fish stocks, only a limited number are subjected to effective cooperative management. This article provides an overview of the international legal framework on transboundary fisheries and China’s practice on shared stocks and distant water fisheries, and argues that current bilateral fisheries agreements are not sufficient enough to manage transboundary fish stocks and China still has much to do on regulating distant water fisheries.
Sharing Fish: The Philippine Experience
Authors: Espenilla Jacqueline Joyce F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Straddling and highly migratory fish such as tuna are the subject of immense interest from countries like the Philippines, whose populations are highly dependent on the oceans for both sustenance and livelihood. As these fish are transboundary by nature, they are deemed as “shared resources” that need to be cooperatively managed by country stakeholders in order to safeguard against depletion. This is the primary reason for the increasing number of international fisheries agreements as well as in the sudden prominence of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMO s). In that context, this article presents and analyzes the domestic drivers as well as the various international legal considerations that helped shape the current Philippine framework for the governance of shared fish, and reflects on how the twin goals of consumption/exploitation and conservation figure in the country’s fisheries policy.
United States Law and Policy for Sharing Transboundary, Highly Migratory, and Straddling Stock Fishery Resources
Authors: Telesetsky Anastasia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article describes the United States approach to shared fisheries management highlighting efforts to manage tuna, halibut, salmon and other transboundary species. The article concludes with a recommendation for factoring climate change into U.S. standards for fisheries management.
再論殷墟甲骨文中的“其”
Authors: 張 玉金 
Published: December 2020

摘要
甲骨文中的“其”大都是副詞，有兩個意義，一是表示將要、將會的意思，二是表示命令的語氣。前一種意義的“其”很常見，而後一種意義的“其”很少見。
殷墟卜辭“其”字及其搭配和對舉
Authors: 黃 天樹 
Published: December 2020

摘要
以往講殷墟卜辭“其”字的論著，大都討論單音虛詞“其”字，對“其”字跟其它虛詞（或實詞）的搭配和對舉討論較少。本文重點討論跟語氣副詞“其”字有關的搭配和對舉。本文認為語氣副詞“其”字主要表示以下四種語氣：第一，表將要語氣；第二，表疑惑語氣；第三，表不願意語氣；第四，表能否應驗的語氣。于省吾（1979）認為：“甲骨文的其字除去用作句首發語詞外，其餘的均作助動詞的該字用。”從卜辭內容看，難以成立。同時，本文討論了“‘其’字規則”、“驗辭無‘其’規則”。
Ovid
Authors: Martelli Francesca K.A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this volume, Francesca Martelli outlines some of the main contours of recent, current and future research on Ovid. Her study looks back to the rehabilitation of Ovid’s oeuvre in the 1980s, and considers the post-modern aesthetic prerogatives and post-structuralist theoretical concerns that drove the critical recuperation of his poetry throughout that decade and in the decades that followed. But it also looks forward, by considering how the themes of this poet’s oeuvre answer to a variety of new materialist concerns that are now gaining currency in the humanities and social sciences. It highlights the ecopoetic sensibility of the Metamorphoses, for example, and unpacks the environmental narratives that this poem yields when read in dialogue with the discourses of critical posthumanism. And it closes by considering the hauntological aesthetics of Ovid’s exile poetry as a comment on the effects of the principate on time, space, media, and art.