bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the use of Design Thinking and Service Design Tools to Improve Student Experience of an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Devine Paul Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Online learning technology offers many benefits to students and educators, but at the same time presents challenges and issues which can cause negative student experiences. These negative experiences may severely affect student learning, particularly for students who are studying remotely and may have complex causes. How does a small organisation understand, maintain, and enhance the student experience of increasingly complex online learning environments in an atmosphere of increasing student expectations?
Design Thinking and Service Design tools were used by the Learning Innovation and Insights (LII) Team at NMIT to examine their value in understanding and enhancing a challenging fully online course to improve student experience. This Action Research intervention had a profound effect on our thinking and practice as learning designers and technologists. Use of the user-centred Design Thinking tools and techniques challenged unwritten assumptions and helped the team gain understanding of the key factors and issues affecting the experience of the students on this course, and prioritise the change strategy required to improve it. The Service Design approach helped understanding of the students’ changing needs over time. The artefacts produced by the tools proved helpful in untangling complexity, helped the team discuss and gain a shared understanding of the issues, and communicate issues to other stakeholders within the organisation.
There are significant implications for future practice of the LII Team at NMIT:

Design Thinking tools will be embedded in standard practice in the LII Team.
A widening priority from Learning Design to Learning Environment Design.
A refocus in the priority of LMS development from UI Design to UX Design, within a Service Design context.
A focus on adoption and use of “empathising” and listening tools and skills.

This presentation will focus on the use and impact of Design Thinking and Service Design tools and techniques such as the Hypothesis Map, the Journey Map, the Stakeholder Map, Personas and Extreme Users.
Financial Borrowing by Local State-Owned Enterprises in Serbia: An Assessment of National Practice
Authors: Živanović Branko , Đulić Katarina , Jolović Ana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Serbian local state-owned enterprises (SOEs) owed in excess of EUR 220mn in late 2015, with estimates reaching a much higher figure. According to the national Fiscal Council, underinvestment by local governments amounted to some EUR 250mn annually. This paper looks at insufficient commercial borrowing by local SOEs trying to identify the causes of this financing gap by looking at two aspects: on one hand, we look at quantitative and qualitative inputs provided by local SOEs for credit analysis that may cause significant information asymmetries, and, on the other, we consider the possibility that bank credit analyses, even if done properly, could reveal that these firms are unable to borrow from banks.
The research has revealed that the length and efficiency of the bank credit approval process is dictated by: the need to properly organise qualitative and quantitative SOE information and ensure that it reflects the actual state of affairs; the poor quality of financial statements of SOEs and their pro forma annual business planning and reporting; a common lack of appropriate revaluation of future income; and an existent drawback related to ownership over fixed assets that are considered as a public property in Serbia (rather than as a property of the SOE that uses them).
On the other hand, banks do not distinguish sufficiently between private firms and SOEs. This does not allow banks to account for issues specific to SOEs such as the spillover of fiscal risk, corporate governance, relationships between the owner and its SOEs, economic and social objectives, and the like. The frequent inability of local SOEs to provide mortgages as collateral, coupled with the restriction on guarantees from local governments, nearly completely preclude lending for large-scale and long-term investment.
We conclude that local SOEs have a limited access to finance due to information asymmetries caused by unsuitable qualitative and quantitative inputs made by SOEs in the credit analysis process. Nevertheless, appropriate credit analyses reveal that these companies can be able to borrow commercially, especially in lower amounts and at shorter maturities which could mitigate underinvestment by local SOEs.
Essay on Finance-Growth Nexus
Authors: Asanović Željka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There is a long tradition in literature that banks can play a special role in the propagation of economic fluctuations. Theory suggests many channels through which financial system affects, and is affected by, economic growth. One of the most important empirical studies on this topic shows a strong positive relation between financial development and economic growth. However, the hypothesis that credit expansion is the main development instrument was challenged in the Asian crisis in the second half of the 1990s, and then even more strongly in the crisis after 2008 which was followed by almost a decade of economic stagnation. Development of the banking sector in Southeast European countries in the pre-crisis period was characterized by relatively high credit growth rates and, consequently, with an increase of the credit-to-GDP ratio. Some authors argue that the marginal effect of financial depth on economic growth becomes negative when credit to the private sector reaches about 100% of GDP. Taking into account relatively low level of credit-to-GDP ratio, we may assume that there is still enough room for finance to contribute to economic growth in Southeast European countries.
Priority Areas of Poland’s Development in Line with EU Policy (Smart Specializations) – Poland’s Food Security and Climate Change
Authors: Michalak Dorota , Wulf Erico 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this article is to determine whether the problem of climate change has been included in the smart specialization programs as one that significantly determines the food security of a given region.

Methodology: For this purpose an analysis of provincial programs/strategies for the development was made. The programs indicate areas of importance for the region (the desk research method was used, which is a research method involving the analysis of available data).

Value Added: The starting point for the considerations taken in the article is the Strategy for smart and sustainable development, which sets out the objectives and priorities of the European Union for the years between 2010 and 2020 [EC, 2010]. In response to the above mentioned strategies, the Ministry of Development in Poland has distinguished National Smart Specializations (KIS) [Internet source A], their idea is to identify key sectors for the socio-economic development of the country and their financial support from EU funds (Smart Development Operational Program - POIR). The five sectors of smart specialization include agri-food, forestry and environmental bio-economy, which emphasize the importance of increasing the country’s food security and improving food quality. Regional Innovation Strategies (RSI) are the response to KIS. They distinguish the smart specializations of the region, and their assumptions and goals are to be appropriate for the characteristics of the region.
One of the biggest challenges of today is the climate change, which significantly affects the productivity of the agricultural industry. The European Commission in the White Paper and in its subsequent regulations emphasized the need to support local, regional, national and EU activities which will increase readiness and ability to respond to the effects of climate change (EC, 2013). Is it true that in connection with the above, the issue of adaptation of climate change to agricultural, as one of the important elements conditioning food security of the country, was taken into account when creating the concept of smart specializations? They do not decisively affect adaptation activities in the country, individual regions and industries, but in principle they are intended to raise important and current issues for the development of the country, and climate change and its consequences are undoubtedly such an issue.

Recommendations: The analysis of Most Voivodeship Development Strategies carried out shows lack the appropriate form. The scientific language and extensive documentation make it difficult to complete tasks, fail to reach the right recipient, and promote excessive bureaucracy. This is probably not conducive to the development of innovation, but only drives bureaucracy and generates unnecessary costs.
The semantic change of positive vs. negative adjectives in Modern English
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines two types of semantic change, namely amelioration and pejoration, through comparing the positive/negative senses of 20 English adjectives over time in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). It also aims to explore whether the semantic change, which may have occurred in these words, can be associated with their frequency inThe British National Corpus(BNC). The results reveal that the stability of the target adjectives has indeed changed over time. The positive adjectives were originally somewhat negative, neutral or positive, and then started to become positive if they were previously negative or neutral if they were previously positive. Conversely, the negative adjectives tend to become less negative over time. The study suggests that the semantic change of these adjectives could have been motivated by a tendency to reduce lexical complexity, which speakers may have done for pragmatic reasons, such as successful communication. The study also proposes that the semantic change could also be related with the frequency of the adjectives undergoing the change. The study concludes with recommendations for further research.
Stress assignment in polysyllabic words in Levantine Arabic: An Optimality-Theoretic analysis
Authors: Guba Mohammed Nour Abu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of stress assignment in Levantine Arabic. The proposed hierarchy incorporates two constraints, namely *EXTENDED-LAPSE-R, which restricts stress to one of the last three syllables, and ALIGN-LEFT, which demands that the left edge of the prosodic word be aligned with a foot. This hierarchy is superior to earlier research as it successfully accounts for stress assignment in a more comprehensive and economical way. Most interestingly, it can account for the unexpected stress on a light penult in prosodic words ending in four light syllables and the paradoxical status of foot extrametricality without ad hoc parameterization of constraints. Moreover, findings show that footing in Levantine Arabic is iterative, an indication that secondary stress is attested in Levantine dialects.
Some general thoughts on tense and aspect in Modern Greek
Authors: Bielecki Robert , Trąba Kamil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe morphological categories belonging to the semantic dimension ofTensein Modern Greek, as it is traditionally conceived, seem to be distinguished by means of non-homogeneous criteria. In this paper the temporal and aspectual meanings are treated separately. In consequence, Modern Greek has at its disposal (i) sixTensesand (ii) twoAspects. The meanings of the sixTensesare captured systemically by means of threeTime-points: (i)Event Time, (ii)Reference Timeand (iii)Speech Time, which are referred to each other in the order given by means of the relations of (i) previousness and (ii) simultaneity. In turn, the meanings of the twoAspectsare captured by means of the notions of (i)Shortnessand (ii)Longness, which are identified as the bedrock of the aspectual oppositions in Modern Greek. Other aspectual meanings such asTermination,Inchoativity,Completion, etc. are conveyed by the lexical stems of the appropriate verbs linked with the affixal markers of the twoAspects.
Näen lintujen lentävän etelään‘I see birds flying south’ – About an interesting case of syntactic ambiguity in Finnish
Authors: Bielecki Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn attempt is made to describe the syntactic structure of the Finnish non-attributive participial construction of the typeNäen lintujen lentävän etelään‘I see birds flying south’ by investigating the actual construction, and not a cognate sentence from which the construction is said to be derived. The analysis leads to the conclusion that two parts can be distinguished in the construction. The words belonging to the first part clearly determine syntactically the participle, e.g.lentävän ← etelään. In the case of the words of the other group, however, there exists no syntactic test by which it would be possible to verify the direction of the relation of syntactic determination. This part of the construction is therefore to be conceived of as syntactically ambiguous, i.e. bothlintujen ← lentävänandlintujen→lentävän. It represents the neutralization of two structures: (i) a nominal structure (lintujen lentäminen‘birds’ flying’) and (ii) a nominal-verbal structure (linnut lentävät‘birds are flying’). In consequence of this fact, different syntactic interpretations of the construction do not give rise to different semantic interpretations.
Reflexes of Proto-Ryukyuan *i and *u in Miyakoan as a chain shift
Authors: Jarosz Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper examines conditioned changes that occurred in Miyakoan (mostly Proto-Miyakoan) reflexes of Proto-Ryukyuan close vowels *i and *u after the unconditioned raising of Proto-Ryukyuan *e and *o had taken place. These changes in close vowels are interpreted here as chain shifts. The core assumption is that changes in *i and *u occurred in response to the raising of *e and *o in order to avoid or compensate for the functionally damaging merger of *i/*e and *u/*o.
The paper shows that there is a rather wide range of conditions under which *i and *u produced distinct reflexes in Miyakoan. Consequently, these vowels acted differently after stops, after sibilants, after nasals, in an onsetless/standalone position, after the flap, before the flap, and before nasals and other sonorants word-initially. At the same time, reflexes of both proto-vowels have been observed to maintain certain symmetry, meaning that in a similar environment, *i and *u generally underwent similar or analogical changes.
Thus, the conditions for identifying Miyakoan reflexes or *i and *u are listed and specified in this paper. Conversely, it is argued that unless one of these conditions has been met, one should reconstruct a Proto-Ryukyuan mid-vowel rather than a close vowel. Such specification may influence the comparative study of Ryukyuan languages to a significant degree, challenging a number of the so far established reconstructions (most notably Thorpe 1983).
The origin of the Proto-Indo-European comparative suffix (with Turkic and Uralic parallels)
Authors: Szeptyński Rafał 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article deals with the origin of the Proto-Indo-European comparative suffix. It is claimed that the morpheme in question, reconstructed here as *-i̯ōs< *-i̯o-os, evolved in predicatively used *-s-stem nominals. It is also claimed that the first component of the complex *-i̯o-osis the allomorph *-i̯o-of the verbal suffix *-i̯e/o-. Both intrasystemic and typological parallels indicate that the verbal component could originate from intransitive change-of-state verbs. It is suggested that the ablaut varieties of the comparative suffix and the frequent predesinential extensions are due to independent inflectionalization in various post-Proto-Indo-European dialects.
EFEKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR EKSTRAK DAUN MACANG (Mangifera Foetida L.) TERHADAP SEL MAKROFAG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Kholifah Sri Nur , Fitmawati Fitmawati 
Published: January 2020

Macang (Mangifera foetida L.) has potential as an effect herbal medicinal plant with antioxidant content, namely mangiferin. The aim of this study is to prove empirically study that macang has an immunomodulatory effect through preclinical testing. This study use white mice (Rattus norvegicus) as experimental animals and Staphylococcus aureus as test bacteria. Rats were give leaf extracts of 3 varieties of orally for 7 days using 3 prescribe doses in ppm. On the 8th day, each rats was induce by an intraperitoneal section with 0,5 ml of the bacterial suspension tested. Observation of peritoneal fluid through smear preparations includes 2 parameters, phagocytosis activity and capacity. The result showed that the immunomodulatory effects on batu varieties were effective at dose 2 (10 ppm = 0,01 mg/g), limus varieties and manis varieties were effective at dose 1 (1 ppm = 0,001 mg/g). According to this research, it was concluded that leaf extracts of three varieties macang could be used as immunomodulators.AbstrakMacang (Mangifera foetida L.) mempunyai potensi sebagai tumbuhan obat herbal dengan kandungan antioksidan yaitu mangiferin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efek imunomodulator pada tiga varietas macang (batu, limus dan manis) melalui uji praklinik. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) sebagai hewan uji dan Staphylococcus aureus sebagai bakteri uji. Tikus diberi ekstrak daun tiga varietas macang secara oral selama tujuh hari menggunakan tiga serial dosis dalam satuan ppm. Pada hari ke-8, setiap tikus putih diinduksi bagian intraperitoneal dengan 0,5 ml suspensi bakteri uji. Pengamatan cairan peritoneal melalui preparat apusan meliputi 2 parameter yaitu aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek imunomodulator pada varietas batu efektif pada dosis 2 (10 ppm=0,01 mg/g), varietas limus dan manis efektif pada dosis 1 (10 ppm=0,001mg/g). Disimpulkan bahwa daun macang (Mangifera foetida) berpotensi digunakan sebagai imunomodulator.Kata kunci : Fagositosis makrofag, Imunomodulator, Mangifera foetida
Creative communication in networking services as the social skill of geriatric pharmacist
Authors: Yuhansyah Nurfauzi  , Djoko Wahyono  , Fita Rahmawati  , Nanang Munif Yasin  
Published: January 2020

The geriatric pharmacist is one of the professions that play an important role in providing drug services to the elderly. As specialist pharmacists, they are expected to be not only rich in clinical skills but also have good social skills to understand and meet the therapeutic needs of patients. On the other hand, the community views that pharmacists are very accessible, and caregivers trust them as a link with the health care network. This study aims to describe the forms of creative communication of geriatric pharmacists in networking services. Four electronic databases (PUBMED, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar) have been used to explore relevant research. The research articles reviewed were original articles that stated creative communication in networking as an idea of the pharmacist and the application in service by the pharmacist. The articles were selected with several inclusion criteria, namely published between 2000-2019, designed with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and/or qualitative studies, in English, and containing ideas or communication activities by pharmacists in networking services for patients or collaborating with another stakeholder. Exclusion criteria were articles which are research protocols, do not mention communication activities and efforts in creating a service network clearly and articles that only examine and assess economic aspects. Search results on 421 articles produced 13 articles that met the criteria for review, 9 articles from RCT and 4 articles from qualitative studies. Pharmacists can make oral, written and direct home visits when they provide advice. Pharmacists inform drugs through sign language, visual media and communication technology. Creative communication as a social skill plays an important role in networking services for doctors, nurses, patient families, caregivers and institutions related to services for the elderly.
Reklámtilalmak a belső piacon
Authors: Leidenmühler Franz 
Published: January 2020

Az Európai Unió jogának egyik fontos célkitűzése a belső piac megvalósítása. A tagállami kereskedelmi szabályok – mint például a reklámkorlátozások vagy reklámtilalmak – egy része tagállamonként jelentősen eltér. A belső piacon így mindenekelőtt az áruk szabad mozgását, valamint a szolgáltatások szabad áramlását akadályozhatják. Ennélfogva a gazdasági szabadságok érvényesülésének elősegítése érdekében az Európai Bíróság számos ítéletében meghatározta a tagállami reklámszabályok uniós jogi korlátait. Különösen az EUMSZ 56. cikke szerinti „szolgáltatások szabad áramlása” biztosítható csak abban az esetben, ha a határon átnyúló szolgáltatáskínálatot is megfelelő módon lehet reklámozni. E szabályozási hátteret fgyelembe véve az alábbiakban vizsgált, a szerencsejátékszolgáltatások reklámtilalmáról szóló magyar előírás [az 1991. évi XXXIV. törvény 1. §-ának (4) és (5) bekezdése, valamint 2. §-ának (7) bekezdése] különösen problematikusnak tűnik. Mindenekelőtt azért, mert ez a rendelkezés nem csupán a belföldön, hanem az Európai Unió más tagállamaiban (jogszerűen) kínált szolgáltatások reklámjára is vonatkozik.
ANALISA SISTEM KERJA PERANGKAT AKTIF PT. TELKOM AKSES
Authors: Prasetyo Andika Singgih , Erlinasari Erlinasari 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem kerja di PT. Telkom Akses karena setelah penulis menganalisa sistem perangkat aktif PT. Telkom Akses, terdapat banyak manfaat bagi pelanggan ketika mereka mengalami kerusakan atau gangguan pada jaringan internet. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu system perangkat aktif PT. Telkom Akses. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Studi lapangan yang meliputi wawancara dan pengamatan secara langsung serta Studi kepustakaan berdasarkan pada literatur terkait objek penelitian. Penulis hanya membahas dan menganalisa perangkat MSAN (Multi Service Access Node) saja. Hasil dari analisa tersebut adalah MSAN merupakan perangkat aktif karena mengaktifkan jaringan internet dan telepon sebelum ke pelanggan. Perangkat ini bergantung pada suplai listrik dari pln dan mendapat jaringan dari metro Ethernet menggunakan kabel FO (fiber optic)