bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A famous failure: Why were cane toads an ineffective biocontrol in Australia?
Authors: Shine Richard , Ward‐Fear Georgia , Brown Gregory P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 1935, cane toads (Rhinella marina) were brought to Australia to control insect pests. The devastating ecological impacts of that introduction have attracted extensive research, but the toads' impact on their original targets has never been evaluated. Our analyses confirm that sugar production did not increase significantly after the anurans were released, possibly because toads reduced rates of predation on beetle pests by consuming some of the native predators of those beetles (ants), fatally poisoning others (varanid lizards), and increasing abundances of crop‐eating rodents (that can consume toads without ill‐effect). In short, any direct benefit of toads on agricultural production (via consumption of insect pests) likely was outweighed by negative effects that were mediated via the toads' impacts on other taxa. Like the toad's impacts on native wildlife, indirect ecological effects of the invader may have outweighed direct effects of toads on crop production.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of people who smoke versus inject crystalline methamphetamine in Australia: Findings from a pharmacotherapy trial
Authors: McKETIN Rebecca , Quinn Brendan , Higgs Peter , Berk Michael , Dean Olivia M. , Turner Alyna , Kelly Peter J. , Lubman Dan I. , Carter Gregory , Baker Amanda L. , Manning Victoria , Thomas Tamsin , Bathish Ramez , Raftery Dayle , Saunders Lucy , Wrobel Anna , Meehan Alcyone , Sinclair Barbara , Reid David , Arunogiri Shalini , Hill Harry , Cordaro Frank , Dietze Paul M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThere has been a rapid increase in smoking crystalline methamphetamine in Australia. We compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of those who smoke versus inject the drug in a cohort of people who use methamphetamine.Design and MethodsParticipants (N = 151) were dependent on methamphetamine, aged 18–60 years, enrolled in a pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine dependence, and reported either injecting (n = 54) or smoking (n = 97) methamphetamine. Measures included the Timeline Followback, Severity of Dependence Scale, Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire, Craving Experience Questionnaire and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (symptoms of depression, hostility, psychosis and suicidality). Simultaneous regression was used to identify independent demographic correlates of smoking methamphetamine and to compare the clinical characteristics of participants who smoked versus injected.ResultsCompared to participants who injected methamphetamine, those who smoked methamphetamine were younger and less likely to be unemployed, have a prison history or live alone. Participants who smoked methamphetamine used methamphetamine on more days in the past 4 weeks than participants who injected methamphetamine (26 vs. 19 days, P = 0.001); they did not differ significantly in their severity of methamphetamine dependence, withdrawal, craving or psychiatric symptoms (P > 0.05). After adjustment for demographic differences, participants who smoked had lower craving [b (SE) = −1.1 (0.5), P = 0.021] and were less likely to report psychotic symptoms [b (SE) = −1.8 (0.7), P = 0.013] or antidepressant use [b (SE) = −1.1 (0.5), P = 0.022].Discussion and ConclusionsSmoking crystalline methamphetamine is associated with a younger less marginalised demographic profile than injecting methamphetamine, but a similarly severe clinical profile.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome diagnosed radiologically during Wilson’s disease investigation
Authors: Júnior S. F. A. , Ventura N. , Marchiori E. 
Published: October 2020

Wilson’s disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results from abnormal ceruloplasmin metabolism, with copper deposition affecting multiple systems. Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) refers to acute demyelination seen in the setting of osmotic changes, typically with the rapid correction of electrolyte disturbance. We present a 29‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with WD 1 year after the onset of extrapyramidal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging performed during hospitalization showed two patterns of pons involvement, which allowed the diagnosis of ODS in addition to WD. Classic imaging findings were observed and illustrate perfectly these two conditions.
Biometrics and quality of life of lymphoma patients: A longitudinal mixed‐model approach
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra , Silva Eliana , Aguiar Joyce , Faria Brígida Mónica , Reis Luís Paulo , Cardoso Henrique , Gonçalves Joaquim , Oliveira e Sá Jorge , Carvalho Victor , Marques Herlander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKnowledge Engineering has become essential in the fields of Medical and Health Care with emphasis for helping citizens to improve their health and quality of life. This includes individual methods and techniques in health‐related knowledge acquisition and representation and their application in the construction of intelligent systems capable of using the acquired information to improve the patients' health and/or quality of life. Haemato‐oncological diseases can provide significant disability and suffering, with severe symptoms and psychological distress. They can create difficulties in fulfilling professional, family and social roles, affecting an individual's quality of life. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a subjective concept but there is also an objective component related to physiological indicators. Some of these physiological indicators can be easily assessed by wearable technology such heart rate variability (HRV). This paper introduces an intelligent system to assess, in real‐time, potential HRV indices, that can predict HRQoL in lymphoma patients throughout chemotherapy treatment and to account the individuals' variability. The system is based on wearable technology and intelligent processing of the patients' biometric information to assess some quality of life related parameters. A longitudinal study was conducted among 16 lymphoma patients using this intelligent system. Mixed‐effect regression models were performed to investigate predictors for and time effects on HRQoL. There were no significant changes in all HRQoL domains over time. Some quality of life domains revealed similar time trends as HRV indices. These HRV indices also have a significant effect on the domains of quality of life.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on peanut protein isolate‐oat dietary fibre mixture gels induced by transglutaminase
Authors: Niu Xi , Zhao Chengbin , Shi Qiankun , Wang Siqi , Zhao Yilin , Li Sheng , Yin Huanhuan , Lin Nan , Liu Jingsheng 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe effects of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical properties of transglutaminase‐induced gels prepared by the mixture of peanut protein isolate (PPI) and oat dietary fibre (ODF) were investigated. The gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of PPI gels and PPI‐ODF mixture gels were enhanced after ultrasonic treatment, and ultrasonic PPI‐ODF mixture gels had higher gel strength and WHC than ultrasonic PPI gels. The ultrasonic treatment of mixture gels increased the storage modulus, loss modulus and the relative percentage of immobilised water, which formed more continuous and compact gel microstructure, especially ultrasonic treated mixture gel prepared by PPI and 9% of ODF. The decrease of α‐helix and the increase of β‐sheet and random coil were caused by ultrasonic treatment, which improved the gel strength and WHC of PPI‐ODF mixture gels. The results indicated that the ultrasonic treatment would be an effective method for improving gelation properties of PPI‐ODF mixture.
Assessing the impact of liberalisation policies on the Greek labour market: an insider–experts' view from the perspective of the varieties of liberalisation
Authors: Tourtouri Myrto , Pavlopoulos Dimitris , Papatheodorou Christos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the recent Great Recession (2008–2018), Greece has become the prototype example of the implementation of austerity policies in Europe. Contrary to public discourse, these austerity policies were complemented by substantial labour market reforms that promoted employment and wage flexibility. This article aims to present a theory‐driven understanding of the implementation and the effects of these reforms. For this purpose, we employ a qualitative study consisting of semi‐structured interviews with 50 labour market experts—government officials and labour lawyers, academics, labour union representatives and employer association representatives. Using Thelen's framework on the Varieties of Liberalization, we conclude that, contrary to the initial aims of the reforms, Greece followed a trajectory of direct deregulation, reducing considerably the level of both coordination between employers and workers, and coverage of employment protection. The interviews show that the dismantling of collective bargaining system was the most decisive move in this path.
Ageing simulation in health and social care education: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Eost‐Telling Charlotte , Kingston Paul , Taylor Louise , Emmerson Louise 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo identify, evaluate and summarize evidence from qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies conducted using age suits or other age simulation equipment, with health and social care students.DesignConvergent segregated mixed method review design as outlined by the Johanna Briggs Institute.Data SourcesCINAHL (+ with Full Text), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, SocINDEX, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight, Proquest nursing, Science Direct, Wiley Online and BioMed Central (January 2000–January 2020).Review methodsConvergent segregated synthesis was used to synthesize evidence from the studies and the MERSQI checklist used to appraise quality.ResultsA total of 23 studies were reviewed: one randomized control, two post‐test only randomized control, three quasi‐experimental, 15 one‐group pre/post studies and two qualitative studies. Of the seventeen studies carrying out inferential statistics on attitude scores post intervention, 11 reported an improvement, three indicated no significant change and three reported worsening scores. Key themes included use of appropriate scales, type of equipment used, location and length of interactions, debriefing and contextualization of interventions in broader teaching.ConclusionThe impact of ageing simulation interventions on health and social care student's attitudes to older people was predominantly positive. However, further high‐quality research is warranted to understand the optimal use of such interventions in the context of health care for a growing ageing population.ImpactIt is important health and social care staff have appropriate knowledge and training to enable them to provide high‐quality care to older people and challenge potential ageism in the system. This review adds to the body of work around the use of simulation and experiential learning to educate health and social care students about ageing and ageism. It also offers recommendations for using ageing simulations effectively to inform attitudes of prospective professionals who will influence future health and social care.
Host pre‐conditioning improves human adipose–derived stem cell transplantation in ageing rats after myocardial infarction: Role of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Lee Tsung‐Ming , Harn Horng‐Jyh , Chiou Tzyy‐Wen , Chuang Ming‐Hsi , Chen Chun‐Hung , Chuang Chi‐Hsuan , Lin Po‐Cheng , Lin Shinn‐Zong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFunctional decline of stem cell transplantation in ageing hosts is well documented. The mechanism for this is poorly understood, although it is known that advancing age does not provide an optimal milieu for exogenous stem cells to survive, engraft and differentiate. We showed that n‐butylidenephthalide improved human adipose–derived stem cell (hADSC) engraftment via attenuating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It remained unclear whether pre‐treated hosts with n‐butylidenephthalide can rejuvenate the ageing heart and improve hADSC engraftment by regulating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. One hour after coronary ligation, hADSCs were transplanted into the hearts of young and ageing Wistar rats that were pre‐treated with or without n‐butylidenephthalide for 3 days. At day 3 after infarction, myocardial infarction was associated with an increase in ROS levels and NLRP3 inflammasome activity with age. hADSC transplant effectively provided a significant decrease in ROS levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, IL‐1β levels and cardiac fibrosis in either young or old infarcted rats. However, the beneficial effects of hADSCs were greater in young compared with old rats in terms of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. The infarcted ageing rats pre‐conditioned by n‐butylidenephthalide improved engraftment and differentiation of hADSCs and additionally attenuated cardiac fibrosis compared with hADSCs alone. The anti‐inflammation effects of n‐butylidenephthalide were reversed by SIN‐1. In conclusions, the increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity plays the pathogenesis of ageing‐related functional hADSC decline in the ageing hosts. n‐butylidenephthalide‐pre‐treated ageing hosts reversibly ameliorate the harsh microenvironments, improve stem cell engraftment and attenuate cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
Thrombospondin‐2 stimulates MMP‐9 production and promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via the PLC, PKC, c‐Src and NF‐κB activation
Authors: Liu Ju‐Fang , Chen Po‐Chun , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Hou Chun‐Han 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is an extremely common primary bone malignancy that is highly metastatic, with most deaths resulting from pulmonary metastases. The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin‐2 (TSP‐2) is key to many biological processes, such as inflammation, wound repair and tissue remodelling. However, it is unclear as to what biological role TSP‐2 plays in human metastatic osteosarcoma. The immunochemistry analysis from osteosarcoma specimens identified marked up‐regulation of TSP‐2 in late‐stage osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we found that TSP‐2 increased the levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP‐9) expression and thereby increased the migratory potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma cells pre‐treated with an MMP‐9 monoclonal antibody (mAb), an MMP‐9 inhibitor, or transfected with MMP‐9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the capacity of TSP‐2 to potentiate cell migration. TSP‐2 treatment activated the PLCβ, PKCα, c‐Src and nuclear kappa factor B (NF‐κB) signalling pathways, while the specific siRNA, inhibitors and mutants of these cascades reduced TSP‐2‐induced stimulation of migration activity. Knockdown of TSP‐2 expression markedly reduced cell metastasis in cellular and animal experiments. It appears that an interaction between TSP‐2 and integrin αvβ3 activates the PLCβ, PKCα and c‐Src signalling pathways and subsequently activates NF‐κB signalling, increasing MMP‐9 expression and stimulating migratory activity amongst human osteosarcoma cells.
HP tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Internal Piedmont Zone in Susa Valley (Western Alps): New petrologic insight from garnet+chloritoid‐bearing micaschists and Fe–Ti metagabbro
Authors: Ghignone Stefano , Borghi Alessandro , Balestro Gianni , Castelli Daniele , Gattiglio Marco , Groppo Chiara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew petrologic data from meta‐ophiolites exposed in a relatively poorly known sector of the Western Alps (i.e. Susa Valley, Internal Piedmont Zone) are reported. Garnet+chloritoid‐bearing phengitic micaschist and Fe–Ti metagabbro preserving eclogite facies assemblages have been investigated in detail to constrain the HP tectono‐metamorphic evolution of meta‐ophiolites in the study area. Microstructural investigations allowed to identify different assemblages related to different tectono‐metamorphic stages, whose pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of the HP stages were constrained using the pseudosection modelling approach combined with multi‐equilibrium thermobarometry. Four main metamorphic stages have been recognized: (a) an Alpine peak‐P stage (M1a), which reached the HP–UHP eclogite facies boundary (P = 25–29 kbar, T = 460–510°C); (b) a slightly prograde decompression stage (M1b), still under eclogite facies conditions (P = 21–25 kbar, T = 500–530°C); (c) a greenschist facies re‐equilibration stage (M2); (d) a nearly isobaric late heating stage (M3), developed at the boundary between greenschist‐ and amphibolite facies conditions. The new P–T path inferred for the HP phases recorded by the studied meta‐ophiolites is compatible with that reported from other meta‐ophiolite units in the Western Alps, that is, the Zermatt–Saas ophiolite to the north and the Monviso ophiolite to the south, confirming that subduction of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere occurred at similar P–T regimes all along its length. The comparison with the tectonic evolution of the adjacent Dora Maira continental crustal unit suggest that the early exhumation of eclogitized oceanic crust likely occurred along the plate interface in the subduction channel, without the buoyancy contribution of continental crust.
Small‐time, large‐time, and asymptotics for the Rough Heston model
Authors: Forde Martin , Gerhold Stefan , Smith Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe characterize the behavior of the Rough Heston model introduced by Jaisson and Rosenbaum (2016, Ann. Appl. Probab., 26, 2860–2882) in the small‐time, large‐time, and (i.e., ) limits. We show that the short‐maturity smile scales in qualitatively the same way as a general rough stochastic volatility model , and the rate function is equal to the Fenchel–Legendre transform of a simple transformation of the solution to the same Volterra integral equation (VIE) that appears in El Euch and Rosenbaum (2019, Math. Financ., 29, 3–38), but with the drift and mean reversion terms removed. The solution to this VIE satisfies a space–time scaling property which means we only need to solve this equation for the moment values of and so the rate function can be efficiently computed using an Adams scheme or a power series, and we compute a power series in the log‐moneyness variable for the asymptotic implied volatility which yields tractable expressions for the implied vol skew and convexity which is useful for calibration purposes. We later derive a formal saddle point approximation for call options in the Forde and Zhang (2017) large deviations regime which goes to higher order than previous works for rough models. Our higher‐order expansion captures the effect of both drift terms, and at leading order is of qualitatively the same form as the higher‐order expansion for a general model which appears in Friz et al. (2018, Math. Financ., 28, 962–988). The limiting asymptotic smile in the large‐maturity regime is obtained via a stability analysis of the fixed points of the VIE, and is the same as for the standard Heston model in Forde and Jacquier (2011, Finance Stoch., 15, 755–780). Finally, using Lévy's convergence theorem, we show that the log stock price tends weakly to a nonsymmetric random variable as (i.e., ) whose moment generating function (MGF) is also the solution to the Rough Heston VIE with , and we show that tends weakly to a nonsymmetric random variable as , which leads to a nonflat nonsymmetric asymptotic smile in the Edgeworth regime, where the log‐moneyness as , and we compute this asymptotic smile numerically. We also show that the third moment of the log stock price tends to a finite constant as (in contrast to the Rough Bergomi model discussed in Forde et al. (2020, Preprint) where the skew flattens or blows up) and the process converges on pathspace to a random tempered distribution which has the same law as the hyper‐rough Heston model, discussed in Jusselin and Rosenbaum (2020, Math. Finance, 30, 1309–1336) and Abi Jaber (2019, Ann. Appl. Probab., 29, 3155–3200).
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with mycophenolate mofetil for lupus nephritis
Authors: García‐Grimshaw Miguel , Jiménez‐Ruiz Amado , Vega‐Boada Felipe Arturo , Falcón‐Antonio Orlando Emmanuel , Barrera‐Vargas Ana , Valdés‐Ferrer Sergio Iván 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPrimary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare and aggressive form of extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and its occurrence in pharmacologically immunosuppressed patients has increased over the years. Currently, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is one of the recommended treatment options for the induction and maintenance of lupus nephritis. The evidence regarding the development of PCNSL in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with MMF is limited to a few case reports. We present the case of a 40‐year‐old woman with a history of SLE who developed PCNSL while treated with MMF for lupus nephritis and a review of all published cases with this association.
Retrograde signalling from the mitochondria to the nucleus translates the positive effect of ethylene on dormancy breaking of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Authors: Jurdak Rana , Launay‐Avon Alexandra , Paysant‐Le Roux Christine , Bailly Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate seed dormancy alleviation, but the molecular basis of their action and crosstalk remains largely unknown.

Here we studied the mechanism of Arabidopsis seed dormancy release by ethylene using cell imaging, and genetic and transcriptomics approaches, in order to tackle its possible interaction with ROS homeostasis.

We found that the effect of ethylene on seed germination required ROS production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Seed response to ethylene involved a mitochondrial retrograde response (MRR) through nuclear ROS production and upregulation of the MRR components AOX1a and ANAC013, but also required the activation of the ethylene canonical pathway.

Together our data allowed deciphering of the mode of action of ethylene on seed germination and the associated dynamics of ROS production. Our findings highlight the occurrence of retrograde signalling in seed germination.