bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissonances in communication with sexual health consumers in an inner‐Sydney sexual health clinic in relation to health literacy: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: McCormack Heather , Nathan Sally , Varma Rick , Haire Bridget 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIssues addressedThis study examined the navigation of health care interactions by health consumers attending Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC), an inner‐city sexual health clinic in Sydney, Australia. We aimed to assess the accessibility and appropriateness of communications between SSHC and patients in the context of health literacy.MethodsWe conducted 20 semi‐structured interviews with health consumers, assessed health literacy using the Short Health Literacy Assessment for English‐Speaking Adults (SAHL‐E) and conducted a focus group with clinical staff.ResultsWe identified dissonances around assumed knowledge in communications between health professionals and health consumers, which were most apparent when lack of knowledge about sexual health, HIV and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) intersected with poor English fluency.So what?This study suggests that existing models of access for HIV treatment and PrEP in Australia have been developed for high health literacy and may not support consumers who experience communication barriers due to low health literacy. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care recommends addressing health literacy systemically, including embedding assessment of health literacy into organisational systems and policies. We recommend developing tools to assess knowledge levels of consumers accessing sexual health services and incorporating health literacy into clinician training on working with patients from non‐English–speaking backgrounds.
Novel local information kernelized fuzzy C‐means algorithm for image segmentation
Authors: Li Songcheng , Lu Junyong , Cheng Long , Li Xiangping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn MRI, the image with poor quality, especially the image with noise interference or low contrast, may provide insufficient data for the visual interpretation of the affected part. Image segmentation provides an effective method to facilitate early detection and further diagnosis. By introducing a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) initialization step and a novel dissimilarity measure metric, we present a local information kernelized fuzzy C‐means (LIKFCM) algorithm for image segmentation. The dissimilarity measure metric, considering an adaptive tradeoff weighted factor, incorporates the Mahalanobis distance and outliers‐rejection‐based spatial term which eliminates unreliable neighboring information. By using this dissimilarity measure metric, the new algorithm could take reliable contextual information into account and achieve better segmentation results on images with complexed boundaries. Furthermore, the adaptive tradeoff factor depends on a fast noise estimation algorithm. This factor avoids subjective adjustment and makes the LIKFCM algorithm more universal. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm both quantitatively and qualitatively, experiments are conducted both on synthetic images and real‐world images with different kinds of noise. Segmentation Accuracy (SA) and Comparison scores are used to evaluate the performance of both proposed algorithm and other methods. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm has better performance on denoising and reserving useful edges. The LIKFCM algorithm not only shows more robustness to noise but also preserves the texture details of the images.
Spontaneous septostomy in a monochorionic‐diamniotic twin gestation
Authors: Adekola Henry , Unal Elizabeth Ramsey , Thompson Gwyneth , Sondgeroth Kristine , Abrams Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonochorionic twin gestations are associated with a greater incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality when compared with their dichorionic counterparts. In turn, monochorionic‐monoamniotic (MCMA) gestations carry greater risks compared with monochorionic‐diamniotic (MCDA) gestations. While the true incidence of spontaneous septostomy of the dividing membranes (SSDM) in MCDA twins is unknown, SSDM has been demonstrated to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, due to functional transition from a MCDA gestation to a MCMA gestation. We report a case of SSDM in a mid‐trimester MCDA gestation, review the literature, and describe how to identify and manage this complication.
From general to specific: moving past the general population in the HIV response across sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Makofane Keletso , van der Elst Elise M , Walimbwa Jeffrey , Nemande Steave , Baral Stefan D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs the HIV field evolves to better serve populations which are diverse in risk and access to services, it is crucial to understand and adapt the conceptual tools used to make sense of the HIV pandemic. In this commentary, we discuss the concept of general population. Using a synthetic and historical review, we reflect on the genesis and usage of the general population in HIV research and programme literature, pointing to its moral connotations and its impact on epidemiologic reasoning.DiscussionFrom the early days of the HIV pandemic, the category of general population has carried implicit normative meanings. General population represented those people considered to be undeserving of HIV acquisition, and therefore deserving of a response. Framing the HIV epidemic in sub‐Saharan Africa as a generalized epidemic primarily affecting the general population has contributed to the exclusion of men who have sex with men from epidemic responses. The usage of this category has also masked heterogeneity among those it includes; the increasing focus on the use of interventions such as circumcision and HIV treatment as general population HIV prevention approaches has been marked by a lack of attention to heterogeneity among beneficiaries.ConclusionsWe recommend that the term general population be retired from the field’s lexicon. HIV programmes should strengthen their capacity to describe the heterogeneity of those they serve and plan their interventions accordingly. To increase the efficiency and impact of the HIV response, it is urgent to stratify the category of general population by risk. Sexual networks are a promising basis for this stratification.
Clinical manifestations of death with severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Xiankun , Ren Xingxiang , Ge Ziruo , Cui Shuping , Wang Lin , Chen Zhihai , Tian Di 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere hemorrhagic fever disease is caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, which belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, Wan Fang Data, Sinomed Database, and VIP database was conducted for articles which have described the clinical manifestation of deceased patients. Data from selected studies were pooled by using STATA VERSION 15.0 software. Finally, 29 articles comprising 4717 laboratory‐confirmed SFTSV cases were included in this analysis. We found there were significant differences between the two groups for fatigue, headache, underlying disease, vomiting, diarrhea, skin bleeding, neurological symptoms, arrhythmia, diffuse intravascular coagulation, and multiple organ failure. There were some significant differences between the fatal and nonfatal groups, and we need to pay more attention to the above symptoms to distinguish between fatal and nonfatal patients.
Kinetic investigation of the reaction of ethylperoxy radicals with ethanol
Authors: Kuzhanthaivelan S. , Rajakumar B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thermodynamic and kinetic investigation for the reaction of ethylperoxy radical (CH3CH2OO•) with ethanol (CH3CH2OH) was studied computationally with variational transition state theory. The geometry optimization calculations showed that both the reactants have two conformers. The energetics and thermodynamic properties were calculated using the G4 composite method. The results showed that the abstraction of H atom from the ─CH2─ site is most feasible, when compared to the other pathways, since it has the lowest energy barrier. The rate coefficient calculations for the title reaction were carried out using the multistructural canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling corrections in the temperature range of 400‐1500 K. The results showed a similar trend to that of the energetics in which the abstraction of the H atom from the ─CH2─ site has a larger rate coefficient, when compared to other reaction pathways. The reactivity trend towards the H atom abstraction by ethylperoxy radicals varies as ─CH2 > ─CH3 > ─OH. The contributions from the ground‐state conformers of both the reactants were included into the total kinetics using the Boltzmann probability distribution. The obtained temperature‐dependent expression for the studied reaction is ktotal = 1.51 × 10−32 T6.3 exp(−3691/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
Pre‐ and Post‐Radiotherapy Radiologic Nodal Features and Oropharyngeal Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Sananmuang Thiparom , Yu Eugene , Su Jie , O'Sullivan Brian , Rathod Shrinivas , Chan Biu , Bartlett Eric , Waldron John , Ringash Jolie , Kim John , Bratman Scott V. , Hope Andrew , Spreafico Anna , Hansen Aaron R. , de Almeida John , Goldstein David P. , Witterick Ian , Tong Li , Xu Wei , Huang Shao H. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the prognostic value of pre‐/post‐radiotherapy (pre‐/post‐RT) radiologic lymph node (LN) features in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) patients treated with definitive (chemo‐)RT.MethodsClinical node‐positive OPCs treated from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Nodal features were reviewed by a radiologist on pre‐/post‐RT computed tomography (CTs). Univariable analysis calculated hazard ratio (HR) for regional failure (RF), distant metastasis (DM), and deaths. Multivariable analysis estimated adjusted HR (aHR) of significant nodal features identified in univariable analysis adjusting for confounders.ResultsPre‐RT CT was undertaken in 344 HPV‐positive and 94 HPV‐negative OPC patients, of whom 242 (70%) HPV‐positive and 67 (71%) HPV‐negative also had a post‐RT CT. Median follow‐up was 4.9 years. Pre‐RT LN calcification (pre‐RT_LN‐cal) increased the risk of RF in HPV‐negative (aHR: 5.3, P = .007) but not HPV‐positive patients (P = .110). Pre‐RT radiologic extranodal extension (pre‐RT_rENE+) increased the risk of DM and death in both HPV‐negative (DM: aHR 6.6, P < .001; death: aHR 2.1, both P = .019) and HPV‐positive patients (DM: aHR 4.9; death: aHR 3.0, both P < .001). Increased risk of RF occured with < 20% post‐RT LN size reduction in both HPV‐negative (HR 6.0, P = .002) and HPV‐positive cases (HR 3.0, P = .049). Post‐RT_LN‐cal did not affect RF, DM, or death regardless of tumor HPV status (all P > .05).ConclusionPre‐RT_LN‐cal is associated with higher RF risk in HPV‐negative but not in HPV‐positive patients. Pre‐RT_rENE increases risk of DM and death regardless of tumor HPV status. Minimal post‐RT LN size reduction (< 20%) increases risk of RF in both diseases. Post‐RT_LN‐cal + has no apparent influence on outcomes in either disease.Level of Evidence4 (a single institution case–control series) Laryngoscope, 131:E1162–E1171, 2021
Elevated Urine LeukotrieneE4Is Associated With Worse Objective Markers in Nasal Polyposis Patients
Authors: Choby Garret , O'Brien Erin K. , Smith Alyssa , Barnes Jason , Hagan John , Stokken Janalee K. , Strumpf Andrew , Mattos Jose L. , Payne Spencer C. , Divekar Rohit 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesUrine leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) is a biomarker of leukotriene synthesis and is elevated in patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It can also be useful to help delineate aspirin‐tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients from AERD patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with objective and subjective markers of disease severity in patients with CRSwNP.MethodsA retrospective analysis of CRSwNP patients who underwent uLTE4 testing was completed to determine the association of uLTE4 levels to markers of disease severity. uLTE4 levels, as well as presenting subjective (Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 [SNOT22] scores, asthma control test [ACT] scores) and objective data (Lund‐Mackay CT score, spirometry and lab values) were collected.ResultsAmong the 157 CRSwNP patients who met inclusion criteria, uLTE4 levels were associated with history of asthma (P< .001), aspirin sensitivity (P< .001), worse Lund‐Mackay CT scores (P= .002) and other objective markers of disease severity including serum IgE (P= .05), presenting blood eosinophil level (P< .001), and the highest recorded eosinophil level (P< .001). In subgroup analysis, associations of uLTE4 to disease markers had stronger correlations in the aspirin sensitive CRSwNP group (Rrange 0.31–0.52) than the aspirin tolerant CRSwNP group (Rrange −0.30–0.24). uLTE4 levels were not associated with subjective symptom scores (SNOT22 and ACT scores).ConclusionElevated uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with worsened objective markers of disease severity in CRSwNP patients but not patient‐reported symptom measures.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:961–966, 2021
Comparison of changes in vegetation and land cover types between Shenzhen and Bangkok
Authors: Song Yi , Aryal Jagannath , Tan Liangcheng , Jin Long , Gao Zhihua , Wang Yunqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs important node cities in the Belt and Road region, Shenzhen and Bangkok are faced with similar environmental threats posed by the high‐speed social development process. Rapid urbanization leads to changes in vegetation growth and land cover types and then affects ecosystem services. In the current study, we used a time‐series normalized difference vegetation index dataset from 2000 to 2019 and two land cover type datasets from 2000 to 2018 to investigate and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the changes in vegetation and land cover types of the two cities. We found that the trend of vegetation change was mainly affected by the change in land cover types, while the interannual fluctuation of vegetation change was likely related to the extreme climate events caused by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events. However, different urbanization strategies led to opposite vegetation change trends in Bangkok and Shenzhen after 2005. With urbanization, the vegetation coverage (Pv) of Shenzhen increased from 48% in 2000 to 62% in 2018. The total urban green spaces (except croplands) of Shenzhen have remained above 33% of the total area since 2006. However, the total urban green space in Bangkok accounted for only 8% of the total area in 2018, which was even lower than the area percentage of Shenzhen's forests in the same year. Rapid urbanization without adequate urban green spaces caused a decreasing trend of Pv in Bangkok. Green development under the Belt and Road Initiative requires serious considerations of environmental quality and urban livability during the rapid urbanization.
Triblock Copolymer/Polyoxometalate Nanocomposite Electrolytes with Inverse Hexagonal Cylindrical Nanostructures
Authors: Zhai Liang , Chai Shengchao , Wang Gang , Zhang Wei , He Haibo , Li Haolong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe primary issue of polymer electrolytes is to achieve high ion conductivity while retaining mechanical properties. A nanocomposite electrolyte with the inverse hexagonal cylindrical phase (three‐dimensionally continuous domains for ion conduction and embedded domains for mechanical support) is prepared through the electrostatic self‐assembly of a polyoxometalate (H3PW12O40, PW) and a triblock copolymer poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone)‐block‐polystyrene‐block‐poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PSP). The cylindrical nanocomposite exhibits a conductivity of 1.32 mS cm−1 and a storage modulus of 4.6 × 107 Pa at room temperature. These two values are higher than those of pristine PSP by two orders of magnitudes and a factor of six, respectively. PW clusters are used as multifunctional nano‐additives (morphological inducer, proton conductor, and nano‐enhancer) and their incorporation achieves the simultaneous improvement in both conductive and mechanical performance.
Comprehensive Analysis of Familial Parkinsonism Genes in Rapid‐Eye‐Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Mufti Kheireddin , Rudakou Uladzislau , Yu Eric , Krohn Lynne , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Asayesh Farnaz , Laurent Sandra B. , Spiegelman Dan , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T.M. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Gagnon Jean‐François , Desautels Alex , Dauvilliers Yves , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Janes Francesco , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra , Holzknecht Evi , Šonka Karel , Kemlink David , Oertel Wolfgang , Janzen Annette , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Cochen De Cock Valérie , Monaca Christelle Charley , Heidbreder Anna , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Abril Beatriz , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is only partial overlap in the genetic background of isolated rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo examine the role of autosomal dominant and recessive PD or atypical parkinsonism genes in the risk of iRBD.MethodsTen genes, comprising the recessive genes PRKN, DJ‐1 (PARK7), PINK1, VPS13C, ATP13A2, FBXO7, and PLA2G6 and the dominant genes LRRK2, GCH1, and VPS35, were fully sequenced in 1039 iRBD patients and 1852 controls of European ancestry, followed by association tests.ResultsWe found no association between rare heterozygous variants in the tested genes and risk of iRBD. Several homozygous and compound heterozygous carriers were identified, yet there was no overrepresentation in iRBD patients versus controls.ConclusionOur results do not support a major role for variants in these genes in the risk of iRBD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A new concept for improved quantitative analysis of reversible transverse relaxation in tissues with variable microscopic field distribution
Authors: Steidle Günter , Schick Fritz 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe intravoxel distribution of the magnetic field strongly influences signal dephasing after RF excitation and the resulting signal decay in gradient echo–based MRI. In this work, several different field distribution models were applied and tested for analysis of microscopic field characteristics within pixels.TheoryA flexible model for improved pixel‐wise characterization of the underlying field distribution is introduced. The proposed symmetric alpha‐stable (SαS) distribution covers Lorentzian, Gaussian, and intermediate field distributions in a continuous way using a two‐parametric (width and shape) function.MethodsThe new model was applied on human brain, potatoes (homogeneous isotropic tissue), and stems of pineapple (anisotropic fibrous tissue). Effects of microscopic structure and background gradients on the shape and the widths of the microscopic field distribution were analyzed using gradient echo sampling of the spin echo and multigradient‐echo sequences. Effects of non‐Lorentzian shapes of microscopic field distributions on the results of common measurements with mono‐exponential fitting of signal values were tested.ResultsMany pixels of the examined objects showed field characteristics in between Lorentzian and Gaussian shapes. Microscopic field inhomogeneities caused by microscopic susceptibility effects and background gradients sometimes led to rather Gaussian than Lorentzian field distribution. In cases with nearly Gaussian field distribution, mono‐exponential fitting of the signal decay resulted in different values, depending on the sampling points.ConclusionsUsing the concept of more flexible distributions for characterization of microscopic susceptibility effects in tissue provides better fitting of data and nearly sampling point–independent results than common measurements with mono‐exponential fitting.
Prevalence of smooth muscle dysfunction among children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Manokaran Ranjith K. , Aggarwala Sandeep , Kumar Rakesh , Gupta Arun K. , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Jauhari Prashant , Pandey Ravindra M. , Gulati Sheffali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmooth muscle dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been rarely studied. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of smooth muscle dysfunction (vascular, upper gastrointestinal, and bladder smooth muscle) in children with DMD using questionnaires (Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire, Pediatric Gastroesophageal Symptom Questionnaire, and Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score). Investigations included bleeding time estimation, nuclear scintigraphy for gastroesophageal reflux, and uroflowmetry for urodynamic abnormalities. Ninety‐nine subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of vascular, upper gastrointestinal, and bladder smooth muscle dysfunction was 27.2%. Mean bleeding time was prolonged by 117.5 seconds. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux was 21%. Voided volume/estimated bladder capacity over 15% and abnormal flow curves on uroflowmetry were seen in 18.2% and 9.7% of the subjects, respectively. Our study highlights the need for addressing issues related to smooth muscle dysfunction in the routine clinical care of patients with DMD.
Alterungsprozesse verlangsamen
Authors: Brendel Karin , Duchowny Anton , Ehring Michael , Blümich Bernhard , Adams Alina , Plum Wilfried 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeizöl und Dieselkraftstoff mit höheren Fettsäuremethylesteranteilen aus regenerativen Quellen verhalten sich im Betrieb und bei der Lagerung anders als bisher üblich. Betriebsstörungen von Motoren und Ölheizungen lassen sich durch Additive in den Brennstoffmischungen vermeiden.
Großspeicherwahl
Authors: Grün Thorsten , Mast Michael , Schwarz Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithiumionen‐ und Redoxflusssysteme sind für Tests zum Speichern großer Energiemengen am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie aufgebaut. Die Techniken zeigen je nach Anwendung Vor‐ und Nachteile.
Mit Metabolic Profiling gegen Betrug
Authors: Hackl Thomas , Bachmann René , Schmitt Caroline , Watermann Stephanie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWenn Betrüger Haselnüsse mit Erdnüssen verfälschen und so einen höheren Preis erzielen, ist das ein lukratives Geschäft. Ob Lebensmittel authentisch sind, lässt sich anhand ihrer Metaboliten überprüfen, denn diese zeigen ein charakteristisches NMR‐Spektrum.
Trendbericht Analytische Chemie II: Trenntechniken und Elektroanalytik
Authors: Vogel Martin , Engewald Werner , Dettmer‐Wilde Katja , Schmitz Oliver J. , Sperling Michael , Huber Christian G , Regl Christof , Berger Thomas , Piendl Sebastian , Belder Detlev , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDieser zweite Teil des Trendberichts Analytische Chemie (erster Teil siehe Nachr. Chem. 2020, 68(4), 52) zeigt Entwicklungen in der Chromatographie, bei Detektions‐ und Kopplungstechniken sowie bei On‐chip‐Trennungen. Miniaturisierung spielt auch in der Elektroanalytik eine Rolle. Zudem werden elektrochemische Analysentechniken für Anwendungen maßgeschneidert und profitieren dabei von Erkenntnissen aus den Materialwissenwissenschaften.
So entsteht eine Proteinfabrik
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDas Ribosom ist die Fabrik für Proteine und die komplizierteste molekulare Struktur der lebenden Zelle. Seit einem halben Jahrhundert wissen wir, dass Bakterienribosomen sich im Reagenzglas aus ihren mehr als 50 Bestandteilen selbst zusammensetzen. Wie neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, entstehen die noch komplexeren Ribosomen der Eukaryonten jedoch mit Hilfsproteinen.