bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Acute Strength and Conditioning Training Session on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Results
Authors: Lytle Jason R. , Stanelle Sean T. , Kravits Danielle M. , Ellsworth Raychelle L. , Martin Steven E. , Green John S. , Crouse Stephen F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lytle, JR, Stanelle, ST, Kravits, DM, Ellsworth, RL, Martin, SE, Green, JS, and Crouse, SF. Effects of an acute strength and conditioning training session on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 901–904, 2020—The purpose of this study was to determine whether an athletic strength and conditioning (S&C) session will alter body composition estimates of a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Twenty-two strength-trained individuals (15 men, 7 women, 24 ± 2 years, 174.2 ± 8.5 cm, 83.5 ± 15.0 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject underwent 2 DXA scans, before and after completion of the S&C session, which consisted of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises and interval running. Subjects consumed a free-living meal before the first scan, after which only ad libitum water intake was consumed until completing the second scan. Results were analyzed through sex by time repeated-measures analysis of variance. If no interaction effect was observed, results were next analyzed through correlated t-test (α = 0.05). Significant sex by time interactions were observed for arm total and lean mass, as well as a significant main effect of time showing a decrease in arm lean mass after the S&C session. Values before and after the S&C session that resulted in significant differences via correlated t-test are displayed in Table 1. Results revealed a significant decrease in total mass, arm and leg percent fat, and trunk lean mass, and an increase in leg lean mass.
Centrifuge Modeling of the Impact of Local and Global Scour Erosion on the Monotonic Lateral Response of a Monopile in Sand
Authors: Li Q. , Prendergast L. J. , Askarinejad A. , Chortis G. , Gavin K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The majority of offshore wind turbines are founded on large-diameter, open-ended steel monopiles. Monopiles must resist lateral loads and overturning moments because of environmental (wind and wave) actions, whereas vertical loads tend to be comparatively small. Recent developments in turbine sizes and increases in hub heights have resulted in pile diameters increasing rapidly, whereas the embedment length to diameter ratio (L/D) is reducing. Soil erosion around piles, termed scour, changes the soil strength and stiffness properties and affects the system’s load resistance characteristics. In practice, design scour depths of up to 1.3D are routinely assumed during the turbine lifetime; however, the impact on monopiles with low L/D is not yet fully understood. In this article, centrifuge tests are performed to assess the effect of scour on the performance of piles with low L/D. In particular, the effect of combined loads, scour type (global, local), and depth are considered. A loading system is developed that enables application of realistic load eccentricity and combined vertical, horizontal, and moment loading at the seabed level. An instrumented 1.8-m-diameter pile with L/D = 5 is used. A friction-reducing ball-type connection is designed to transfer lateral loads to the pile without inducing any rotational pile-head constraint, which is associated with loading rigs in tests of this nature. Results suggest that vertical and lateral load interaction is minimal. Scour has a significant impact on the lateral load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the pile, leads to increases in bending moment magnitude along the pile shaft, and lowers the location of peak pile bending moment. The response varies with scour type, with global scour resulting in larger moments than local scour. The size of the local scour hole is found to have a significant impact on the pile response, suggesting that scour hole width should be explicitly considered in design.
Calibration of Advanced Constitutive Model Using Optimization Techniques
Authors: Yeh Fu-Hsuan , Chuang Tsan-Shen , Tsai Fang-Jung , Ge Louis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Calibrating an advanced constitutive model is not a trivial task. Conventionally, a linear regression is used to calibrate a constitutive model using laboratory data; however, it is not sufficient to identify model parameters. Optimization methods can be used to calibrate the parameters of an advanced constitutive model. The optimization methods, including the DIRECT optimization algorithm, trust-region-reflective least squares, and genetic algorithms, are adopted in this article. The objective function is defined as the sum of the squared distances between laboratory data and model outputs with an appropriate weighting factor for suitable scaling. The use of the three optimization methods is illustrated by calibrating a modified fuzzy set plasticity model using laboratory data.
Effects of Waste Polyethylene on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Ye Qunshan , Amirkhanian Serji , Li Jin , Chen Zixuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recycling of waste plastic is an issue of great concern worldwide because of its considerable quantity and growth. The effects of waste polyethylene (PE) on the rheological properties of asphalt binder were investigated in this research. Three types of PE were adopted to prepare modified binders with contents ranging from 2 to 6 %. A viscosity test, performance grade test, frequency sweep test, amplitude sweep test, and linear amplitude sweep test are conducted to study rheological properties of PE modified binders, compared with base binder and binders modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene and crumb rubber modifier. The test results indicated that the high temperature properties of asphalt binders could be effectively improved by the PE modifiers with different types and contents. The high temperature grade and rutting resistance factor of PE modified binder can be increased significantly when compared with the base binder. With the increased PE content, the complex modulus increased, whereas the phase angle values decreased in most test frequencies and shear strain, which implied that the usage of PE not only reinforced the viscosity of binders but also enhanced the elasticity. The fatigue properties of PE modified binders were improved, especially at the lower shear strain range. However, PE modifier had a negative effect for asphalt binder on low temperature property.
Uma breve visão geral dos últimos 10 anos das principais descobertas do Pleistoceno Superior no Velho Mundo: Homo Floresiensis, Neandertal, Denisovan
Authors: Neubauer Fernanda 
Published: January 2020

Nos últimos dez anos, novos dados fósseis, arqueológicos e genéticos alteraram significativamente nossa compreensão sobre o povoamento do Velho Mundo no Pleistoceno Superior. Os pesquisadores há muito têm sido desafiados a definir o lugar da humanidade na evolução e a rastrear nossa filogenia. Diferenças na morfologia esquelética de fósseis de hominídeos muitas vezes levaram à nomeação de novas espécies distintas, mas descobertas genéticas recentes desafiaram a perspectiva tradicional, demonstrando que o DNA humano moderno contém genes herdados dos Neandertais e Denisovans, questionando assim seu status como uma espécie separada. A recente descoberta do Homo floresiensis da Ilha de Flores também levantou questões interessantes sobre a quantidade de diversidade genética e morfológica que estava presente durante o Pleistoceno Superior. Este artigo discute a natureza e as implicações da evidência em relação ao Homo floresiensis, Neandertais e Denisovans, e analisa brevemente as principais descobertas do Pleistoceno Superior nos últimos dez anos de pesquisa no Velho Mundo e sua importância para o estudo da evolução humana.
Abstract: In the last ten years, new fossil, archaeological, and genetic data have significantly altered our understanding of the peopling of the Old World in the Late Pleistocene. Scholars have long been challenged to define humanity’s place in evolution and to trace our phylogeny. Differences in the skeletal morphology of hominin fossils have often led to the naming of distinct new species, but recent genetic findings have challenged the traditional perspective by demonstrating that modern human DNA contains genes inherited from Neandertals and Denisovans, thus questioning their status as separate species. The recent discovery of Homo floresiensis from Flores Island has also raised interesting queries about how much genetic and morphological diversity was present during the Late Pleistocene. This article discusses the nature and implications of the evidence with respect to Homo floresiensis. Neandertals and Denisovans, and briefly reviews major Late Pleistocene discoveries from the last ten years of research in the Old World and their significance to the study of human evolution.
Quando os pescadores envelhecem: Identidade e idade avançada entre os construtores do Sambaqui Mar Virado, No Litoral Paulista
Authors: Martins de Alencar Soraya 
Published: January 2020

A velhice não é um tema recorrente na arqueologia como nas outras disciplinas das ciências sociais e humanas, sendo mais frequentemente foco de atenção de pesquisas bioarqueológicas, com poucos estudos que investigam aspectos da identidade social, sobretudo no que se refere à questão produtiva. Os construtores de sambaquis se caracterizam como grupos de pescadores, caçadores coletores complexos, em que a organização social em torno da pesca pressupõe uma diferenciação por sexo e idade, onde os mais longevos são entendidos como atores passivos nessa atividade. O sítio Mar Virado, no litoral paulista, se destaca como um sambaqui insular e raso, particularidades que podem sugerir uma diversificação nas estratégias de pesca, que podem nos dizer como esse grupo etário interagia com essa atividade. As práticas funerárias podem elencar elementos sobre os objetos associados à essa atividade, em seus três componentes: os adornos que impactam na aparência física; os utilitários e os de caráter ritual.
Abstract: The old age is not a common subject in archeology as in other social sciences and humanities disciplines, where is more often focus of bioarchaeological research, with few studies that investigate aspects of social identity, especially in concern to the productive question. The shell midden (sambaquis) builders are characterized as complex hunter-gatherer fishing groups, in which the social organization around the fishery presuppose differentiations by sex and age, where the elders are considered as passive actors in this activity. The Mar Virado site, in the coast of São Paulo State, stands out as an insular and flat sambaqui, particularities that may suggest a diversification in fishing strategies, which can tell us how this age group interacted with this activity. Funerary practices can list elements on the objects associated with this activity, in its three components: adornments that affect physical appearance, and the utilitarian and ritual characteristics objects.
O Estado de Fluxo (Flow) na aprendizagem de alemão durante o uso da ferramenta Kahoot!: um olhar sobre o nível de desafio
Authors: Crespo Arthur Heredia , Rozenfeld Cibele Cecílio de Faria 
Published: January 2020

O jogo como material didático para uso em processos educacionais não é algo novo, mas é a partir da percepção de seu potencial que ganha força, nos dias de hoje, o conceito de gamificação. O termo, derivado do inglês gamification, foi cunhado em 2003 por Nick Pelling, que acreditava na riqueza da competição para envolver indivíduos nas mais variadas atividades cotidianas e, com isso, levá-los a obter um melhor rendimento. Nesse processo, Kapp (2012) reconhece a possibilidade de entrada dos alunos em Estado de Fluxo (Flow), que permite pleno envolvimento dos alunos com a atividade. Tomando tais conceitos como aporte teórico central, este trabalho apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que teve como objetivo analisar os elementos do Estado de Fluxo dos alunos durante o uso da ferramenta Kahoot! em sala de aula de alemão como língua estrangeira. Além disso, analisou-se, na pesquisa, os elementos de gamificação que caracterizam o funcionamento da ferramenta. O recorte para este trabalho recairá, porém, sobre o desafio, elemento relevante tanto para a gamificação quanto para constituição do Estado de Fluxo. Concluiu-se que os elementos que impactam no nível de desafio são, por exemplo, o papel do professor durante as atividades, questões linguísticas inseridas na atividade e a mecânica do jogo. Além disso, notou-se que os níveis de desafio variaram entre difícil, fácil e equilibrado.
GABA-ergic Dynamics in Human Frontotemporal Networks Confirmed by Pharmaco-Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Adams Natalie E. , Hughes Laura E. , Phillips Holly N. , Shaw Alexander D. , Murley Alexander G. , Nesbitt David , Cope Thomas E. , Bevan-Jones W. Richard , Passamonti Luca , Rowe James B. 
Published: January 2020

To bridge the gap between preclinical cellular models of disease andin vivoimaging of human cognitive network dynamics, there is a pressing need for informative biophysical models. Here we assess dynamic causal models (DCM) of cortical network responses, as generative models of magnetoencephalographic observations during an auditory oddball roving paradigm in healthy adults. This paradigm induces robust perturbations that permeate frontotemporal networks, including an evoked 'mismatch negativity' response and transiently induced oscillations. Here, we probe GABAergic influences in the networks using double-blind placebo-controlled randomized-crossover administration of the GABA reuptake inhibitor, tiagabine (oral, 10 mg) in healthy older adults. We demonstrate the facility of conductance-based neural mass mean-field models, incorporating local synaptic connectivity, to investigate laminar-specific and GABAergic mechanisms of the auditory response. The neuronal model accurately recapitulated the observed magnetoencephalographic data. Using parametric empirical Bayes for optimal model inversion across both drug sessions, we identify the effect of tiagabine on GABAergic modulation of deep pyramidal and interneuronal cell populations. We found a transition of the main GABAergic drug effects from auditory cortex in standard trials to prefrontal cortex in deviant trials. The successful integration of pharmaco- magnetoencephalography with dynamic causal models of frontotemporal networks provides a potential platform on which to evaluate the effects of disease and pharmacological interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding human brain function and developing new treatments require good models of brain function. We tested a detailed generative model of cortical microcircuits that accurately reproduced human magnetoencephalography, to quantify network dynamics and connectivity in frontotemporal cortex. This approach identified the effect of a test drug (GABA-reuptake inhibitor, tiagabine) on neuronal function (GABA-ergic dynamics), opening the way for psychopharmacological studies in health and disease with the mechanistic precision afforded by generative models of the brain.
Para uma interpretação do conceito de cidadania em José Saramago: uma aproximação à leitura de "Ensaio sobre a Cegueira" e "Ensaio sobre a Lucidez"
Authors: Pereira María de Lourdes Dos Anjos Marqués 
Published: January 2020

A obra de José Saramago constitui um exemplo privilegiado para entender o modo como a literatura pode vir a constituir uma proposta de interpretação da realidade. Neste trabalho propomos uma leitura paralela de Ensaio sobre a cegueira e Ensaio sobre a lucidez para, à luz dos acontecimentos que nos afligem, verificar como urge repensar e reconfigurar o conceito de cidadania activa. Afastando-nos de uma perspectiva derrotista ou pessimista, a obra de José Saramago pode ser um excelente exemplo de como a literatura, a cultura e o pensamento podem concorrer para a edificação de uma sociedade democrática esclarecida e responsável que reclama do indivíduo uma postura ética cada vez mais consciente. A cidadania é, cada vez mais, um factor decisivo na orgânica das sociedades e devemos ser conscientes de que só o pensamento nos pode ajudar a evitar que a sociedade do futuro se instale definitivamente no domínio da utopia, tornando-a cada vez mais, mais próxima, mais real.
Growth and Value Effect on Jakarta Islamic Index: Analysis towards Performance of Sharia Equity Mutual Fund
Authors: Rusmita Sylva Alif , Che Mohd Salleh Marhanum 
Published: January 2020

This study provides evidence that value and stocks’ growth able to explain Net Asset Value of Shariah Mutual Fund. It is important for investment managers and investors to estimate future profit or loss that may happen on their mutual funds prior they venture into the investment platform. This study therefore is conducted to prove that factors including value and growth may affect the future profit of Shariah Mutual Funds. Based on quantitative analysis with secondary data from companies indexed in the Jakarta Islamic Index and Sharia Mutual Fund from year 2013 to 2017, it is found that both growth and value of stock have equally affected the profit of Sharia Mutual Funds. In addition, growth of stock has a larger R-Square than its value which means that the investors or fund managers would need to observe the stock growth more often than its value in order to predict future profitability of Shariah funds. It is expected that the results of this study can provide additional insight to investment managers when choosing a portfolio for investors. For investors, this information is useful to predict the risk and return that they will receive from the investment.
The Effect of Financial Ratios, Maqasid Sharia Index, and Index of Islamic Social Reporting to Profitability of Islamic Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Hosen Muhammad Nadratuzzaman , Jie Ferry , Muhari Syafaat , Khairman Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the performance of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Net Income Margin (NIM), Operating Expenses Ratio (OER), Maqasid Sharia Index (MSI), and Index of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) to influence the level of profitability. The main purpose of this study is to complete the previous research with try to add the variables MSI and Index of ISR to estimating the change of profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study conducted eight Islamic Banks to be analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2012. The tool of analysis is used multiple linear regression for predicting the level of profitability. The results of the study show that all of the independent variables are significantly affected simultaneously to the level of profitability. Partially, NIM and OER are significantly affected by the level of profitability. The low level of Maqasid Sharia Index and Islamic Social Reporting implementation of the Islamic banks in Indonesia in the period of the study proves that these two variables are not the main indicator or a major achievement of most Islamic banks, even though Islamic banks should refer to attain mashlalah (public interest).Keywords: CAR, FDR, NIM, OER, MSI, and Index of ISR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja yang ditunjukkan oleh rasio Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Net Income Marging (NIM), Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Indeks Maqashid Syariah (MSI), dan Indeks Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) terhadap profitabilitas bank syariah di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melengkapi penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya dengan menambahkan variabel MSI dan ISR untuk mengestimasi profitabilitas bank syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tahunan pada delapan bank syariah diperiode antara 2010 hingga 2012 dimana penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan seluruh variabel independen mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank syariah secara signifikan. Secara parsial, hanya NIM dan BOPO yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Lemahnya pengaruh Indeks Maqashid Syariah dan Indeks Islamic Social Reporting mengindikasikan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut bukanlah faktor utama dalam pencapaian bank syariah, meskipun bank syariah juga harus memperhatikan faktor mashlahah. Kata kunci: CAR, FDR, NIM, OER, MSI, and Index of ISR.
Hearing in Schoolchildren After Neonatal Exposure to a High-Dose Gentamicin Regimen
Authors: Hemmingsen Dagny , Mikalsen Camilla , Hansen Alexander Rydland , Fjalstad Jon Widding , Stenklev Niels Christian , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between gentamicin exposure in the neonatal period and hearing in school age.METHODS:This study included children exposed to a high-dose (6 mg/kg) gentamicin regimen as neonates (2004–2012), invited for follow-up at school age, and a healthy age-matched control group. We assessed hearing with pure tone audiometry including the extended high-frequency (EHF) range. Outcomes were average hearing thresholds in the midfrequencies (0.5–4 kHz) and the EHFs (9–16 kHz). The measures of gentamicin exposure were cumulative dose and highest trough plasma concentration. We used linear regression models to assess the impact of gentamicin exposure, and other peri- and postnatal morbidities, on hearing thresholds.RESULTS:A total of 219 gentamicin-exposed and 33 healthy-control children were included in the audiological analysis. In the gentamicin cohort, 39 (17%) had a birth weight &lt;1500 g. Median cumulative doses and trough plasma concentrations were 30 (interquartile range 24–42) mg/kg and 1.0 (interquartile range 0.7–1.2) mg/L, respectively. Median hearing thresholds for the midfrequencies and the EHFs were 2.5 (0 to 6.3) dB hearing level and −1.7 (−5.0 to 5.0) dB hearing level, both of which were within the normal range. In an adjusted analysis, increasing hearing thresholds were associated with lower birth weight and postnatal middle-ear disease but not level of gentamicin exposure. After adjusting for birth weight, there was no difference in hearing threshold between the gentamicin-exposed cohort and healthy controls.CONCLUSIONS:Exposure to a high-dose gentamicin regimen in the neonatal period was not associated with an increase in hearing thresholds in schoolchildren being able to complete audiometry.