bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alginate Immobilization of Metabolic Enzymes Platform Retrofits an Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Assay With Metabolic Competence
Authors: Deisenroth Chad , DeGroot Danica E , Zurlinden Todd , Eicher Andrew , McCord James , Lee Mi-Young , Carmichael Paul , Thomas Russell S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe U.S. EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program utilizes data across the ToxCast/Tox21 high-throughput screening (HTS) programs to evaluate the biological effects of potential endocrine active substances. A potential limitation to the use of in vitro assay data in regulatory decision-making is the lack of coverage for xenobiotic metabolic processes. Both hepatic- and peripheral-tissue metabolism can yield metabolites that exhibit greater activity than the parent compound (bioactivation) or are inactive (bioinactivation) for a given biological target. Interpretation of biological effect data for both putative endocrine active substances, as well as other chemicals, screened in HTS assays may benefit from the addition of xenobiotic metabolic capabilities to decrease the uncertainty in predicting potential hazards to human health. The objective of this study was to develop an approach to retrofit existing HTS assays with hepatic metabolism. The Alginate Immobilization of Metabolic Enzymes (AIME) platform encapsulates hepatic S9 fractions in alginate microspheres attached to 96-well peg lids. Functional characterization across a panel of reference substrates for phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes revealed substrate depletion with expected metabolite accumulation. Performance of the AIME method in the VM7Luc estrogen receptor transactivation assay was evaluated across 15 reference chemicals and 48 test chemicals that yield metabolites previously identified as estrogen receptor active or inactive. The results demonstrate the utility of applying the AIME method for identification of false-positive and false-negative target assay effects, reprioritization of hazard based on metabolism-dependent bioactivity, and enhanced in vivo concordance with the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. Integration of the AIME metabolism method may prove useful for future biochemical and cell-based HTS applications.
Molecular phylogeny, species delimitation and biogeographic history of theStegana(Steganina)shirozuispecies group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from East Asia
Authors: Wang Ya-Lian , Lu Jin-Ming , Zhang Yuan , Chen Hong-Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group is mainly distributed in East Asia. In the present study, the molecular phylogeny of the S. shirozui group was investigated based on mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (28S rRNA) markers. The resulting trees support the S. shirozui group as monophyletic and indicate that in this group, species associated with closer affinities show higher structural homogeneity in male genitalia. Molecular species delimitation assess most species limits and recognize four new species in the S. shirozui group from south-west China: S. alianya sp. nov., S. diodonta sp. nov., S. zebromyia sp. nov. and S. zopheria sp. nov. One new synonym was also recognized. Additionally, three typical male genital characters of the S. shirozui group were placed on the molecular phylogenetic framework. The outcome of both divergence-time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the S. shirozui group likely originated in south-west China in the Middle Miocene.
Genetic Diversity and Mating Type Distribution of Pseudocercospora fijiensis on Banana in Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Kimunye Janet N. , Muzhinji Norman , Mostert Diane , Viljoen Altus , Bester-van der Merwe Aletta E. , Mahuku George 
Published: September 2020

Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is a major foliar disease of banana and plantain worldwide. There are few available data regarding the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen in East Africa, which are needed to design effective and durable disease management strategies. We genotyped 319 single-spore isolates of P. fijiensis collected from seven regions in Uganda and Tanzania and five isolates from Nigeria using 16 simple sequence repeat markers and mating type-specific primers. Isolates from each country and region within the country were treated as populations and subpopulations, respectively. A total of 296 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were recovered, representing a clonal fraction of 7%. Subpopulations had a moderate level of genetic diversity (Hexp = 0.12 to 0.31; mean, 0.29). Mating type distribution did not deviate from equilibrium (MAT1-1: MAT1-2, 1:1 ratio) in Uganda; however, in Tanzania the mating types were not in equilibrium (4:1 ratio). The index of association tests (IA and r̄d) showed that all populations were at linkage equilibrium (P > 0.05), thus supporting the hypothesis of random association of alleles. These findings are consistent with a pathogen that reproduces both clonally and sexually. Low and insignificant levels of population differentiation were detected, with 90% of the variation occurring among isolates within subpopulations. The high intrapopulation variation has implications in breeding for resistance to P. fijiensis because isolates differing in aggressiveness and virulence are likely to exist over small spatial scales. Diverse isolates will be required for resistance screening to ensure selection of banana cultivars with durable resistance to Sigatoka in East Africa. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on Long-Term Outcomes in Postacute Kidney Injury Patients With Hypertension*
Authors: Yang Chih-Yu , Liu Jia-Sin , Tseng Wei-Cheng , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Lin Ming-Huang , Kao Zih-Kai , Lin Yao-Ping , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Tarng Der-Cherng 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Renal replacement therapy–requiring acute kidney injury frequently occurs in ICUs, which require evidence-based medical attention. However, in the postacute kidney injury patient population, the evidence regarding effective therapies to improve patient outcomes is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is effective in improving renal outcomes in postacute kidney injury patients who experienced temporary renal replacement therapy and have hypertension.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A nationwide database in Taiwan.

Patients:
From January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013, we identified 8,558 acute kidney injury patients with hypertension in the national registry database. All these patients experienced an acute kidney injury episode, which required temporary renal replacement therapy for at least once.

Interventions:
Users (n = 3,885) and nonusers (n = 4,673) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Measurements and Main Results:
We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze hazard ratios for the commencement of end-stage renal disease and all-cause mortality for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker users (n = 3,885) and nonusers (n = 4,673).
In a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 5,880 patients (68.7%) required long-term dialysis, and 4,841 patients (56.6%) died. Compared with postacute kidney injury patients who did not use angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker users are marginally less likely to progress to end-stage renal disease (adjusted hazard ratio 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–1.01; p = 0.06) and significantly less likely to suffer from all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.87–0.98; p = 0.011).

Conclusions:
In patients who experienced renal replacement therapy–requiring acute kidney injury and have hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker use is associated with better survival outcomes compared with nonuser.
Probative Value of the d-Dimer Assay for Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome
Authors: Gibson Cameron J. , Alqunaibit Dalia , Smith Kira E. , Bronstein Matthew , Eachempati Soumitra R. , Kelly Anton G. , Lee Christina , Minneman Jennifer A. , Narayan Mayur , Shou Jian , Villegas Cassandra V. , Winchell Robert J. , Barie Philip S. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To describe the predictive utility of the d-dimer assay among patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome for unprovoked lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Design:
Prospective observational study with retrospective data analysis.

Setting:
Academic medical center surgical ICU.

Patients:
Seventy-two intubated patients with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019.

Interventions:
Therapeutic anticoagulation after imaging diagnosis of the first three deep venous thrombosis cases was confirmed; therapeutic anticoagulation as prophylaxis thereafter to all subsequent ICU admissions.

Measurements and Main Results:
Seventy-two patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 were screened for deep venous thrombosis after ICU admission with 102 duplex ultrasound examinations, with 12 cases (16.7%) of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis identified. There were no differences between groups with respect to age, renal function, or biomarkers except for d-dimer (median, 12,858 ng/mL [interquartile range, 3,176–30,770 ng/mL] for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis vs 2,087 ng/mL [interquartile range, 638–3,735 ng/mL] for no evidence of deep venous thrombosis; p < 0.0001). Clinical screening tools (Wells score and Dutch Primary Care Rule) had no utility. The C-statistic for d-dimer concentration was 0.874 ± 0.065. At the model-predicted cutoff value of 3,000 ng/mL, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 51.1%, positive predictive value was 21.8%, and negative predictive value was 100%.

Conclusions:
Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis is prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019 disease and can be present on ICU admission. Screening has been recommended in the context of the pro-inflammatory, hypercoagulable background milieu. d-dimer concentrations are elevated in nearly all coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and the test appears reliable for screening for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis at or above a concentration of 3,000 ng/mL (more than 13-fold above the normal range). Full anticoagulation is indicated if the diagnosis is confirmed, and therapeutic anticoagulation should be considered for prophylaxis, as all coronavirus disease 2019 patients are at increased risk.
Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in “High Compliance” Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Grasso Salvatore , Mirabella Lucia , Murgolo Francesco , Di Mussi Rossella , Pisani Luigi , Dalfino Lidia , Spadaro Savino , Rauseo Michela , Lamanna Angela , Cinnella Gilda 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Clinical observation suggests that early acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may be “atypical” due to a discrepancy between a relatively unaffected static respiratory system compliance and a significant hypoxemia. This would imply an “atypical” response to the positive end-expiratory pressure.

Design:
Single-center, unblinded, crossover study.

Setting:
ICU of Bari Policlinico Academic Hospital (Italy), dedicated to care patients with confirmed diagnosis of novel coronavirus disease 2019.

Patients:
Eight patients with early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and static respiratory compliance higher than or equal to 50 mL/cm H2O.

Interventions:
We compared a “lower” and a “higher” positive end-expiratory pressure approach, respectively, according to the intervention arms of the acute respiratory distress syndrome network and the positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome studies.

Measurements and Main Results:
Patients were ventilated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome network and, subsequently, with the ExPress protocol. After 1 hour of ventilation, for each protocol, we recorded arterial blood gas, respiratory mechanics, alveolar recruitment, and hemodynamic variables. Comparisons were performed with analysis of variance for repeated measures or Friedman test as appropriate. Positive end-expiratory pressure was increased from 9 ± 3.5 to 17.7 ± 1.7 cm H2O (p < 0.01). Alveolar recruitment was 450 ± 111 mL. Static respiratory system compliance decreased from 58.3 ± 7.6 mL/cm H2O to 47.4 ± 14.5 mL/cm H2O (p = 0.018) and the “stress index” increased from 0.97 ± 0.03 to 1.22 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). The Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio increased from 131 ± 22 to 207 ± 41 (p < 0.001), and the Paco
2 increased from 45.9 ± 12.7 to 49.8 ± 13.2 mm Hg (p < 0.001). The cardiac index went from 3.6 ± 0.4 to 2.9 ± 0.6 L/min/m2 (p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that the “higher” positive end-expiratory pressure approach in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and high compliance improves oxygenation and lung aeration but may result in alveolar hyperinflation and hemodynamic alterations.
Assessment of Materials to Prevent Sutures Cutting Through Atrophic Skin
Authors: Xiong Michael Y. , Bennett Richard G. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Sutures can tear through thin skin, especially in the elderly. To reinforce thin skin, several materials have been suggested through which sutures may be placed.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relative tear-through resistance to suture provided by various materials applied to a skin substitute.

MATERIALS/METHODS
We measured the force needed for 3-0 polypropylene suture to tear through an artificial skin substitute, both alone and after various materials were applied. These materials included wound closure tapes, nonwoven polyester tape, hydrocolloid dressing, polyethylene film, and cyanoacrylate glue. The Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine differences in the mean forces.

RESULTS
Reinforced wound closure tape and nonwoven polyester tape were superior to the other materials, and provided a 3.1-fold and 3.6-fold increase in tear-through resistance, respectively, compared with skin substitute alone (p < .001). Orientation of wound closure tape and nonwoven polyester tape with their reinforcing fibers placed parallel to the skin substitute edge provided increased tear-through resistance compared with perpendicular placement. Affixing these latter materials with liquid adhesive also improved holding strength.

CONCLUSION
Reinforced wound closure tape and nonwoven polyester tape, when applied to a skin substitute, provide significantly increased tear-through resistance to suture compared with skin substitute alone.
Hand-Held Dynamometry in the Inpatient Care Setting After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Eymir Musa , Yuksel Ertugrul , Unver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine intrarater and interrater reliabilities for static strength assessment of knee flexors and knee extensors in patients with total knee arthroplasty, during the acute postoperative rehabilitation.

Design
Forty-five total knee arthroplasty patients were included in the study. Two physical therapists performed strength assessments by using hand-held dynamometry. Patients performed three trials and a 30-sec rest was provided between each trial. After this, a 5-min rest was provided, and then, a second investigator performed the same procedure for interrater reliability. Assessments for intrarater reliability were performed 1 hr later.

Results
The intrarater reliability of knee extensors and knee flexors strength measurements were 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change 95% confidence level were 6.17 and 17.01 Nm for knee extensors and were 8.89 and 24.51 Nm for knee flexors, respectively. The interrater reliability of knee flexors and knee extensors strength measurement was 0.96 for both. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values at 95% confidence level were 6.00 and 16.54 Nm for knee extensors and were 6.32 and 17.42 Nm for knee flexors, respectively.

Conclusions
Hand-held dynamometry is a reliable method to assess static knee strength. Hand-held dynamometry assessment can be implemented during acute postoperative rehabilitation. Our results may assist the clinicians in determining an accurate postoperative rehabilitation program after total knee arthroplasty surgery.
Differential utilization of CD4+ by transmitted/founder and chronic envelope glycoproteins in a MSM HIV-1 subtype B transmission cluster
Authors: Bouvin-Pley Mélanie , Leoz Marie , Roch Emmanuelle , Moreau Alain , Migraine Julie , Bellini Nicolas , Blake Olivia , Mammano Fabrizio , Braibant Martine , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Brand Denys 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
HIV-1 transmission leads to a genetic bottleneck, with one or a few variants of the donor quasispecies establishing an infection in the new host. We aimed to characterize this bottleneck in more detail, by comparing the properties of HIV envelope glycoproteins from acute and chronic infections within the particular context of a male-to-male transmission cluster.

Design:
We compared the genotypic and phenotypic properties of envelope glycoproteins from viral variants derived from five study participants from the same transmission cluster.

Methods:
We used single-genome amplification to generate a collection of full-length env sequences. We then constructed pseudotyped viruses expressing selected Env variants from the quasispecies infecting each study participant and compared their infectivities and sensitivities to various entry inhibitors.

Results:
The genotypic analyses confirmed the genetic bottleneck expected after HIV transmission, with a limited number of variants identified in four study participants during acute infection. However, the transmitted sequences harbored no evident common signature and belonged to various genetic lineages. The phenotypic analyses revealed no difference in infectivity, susceptibility to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, the fusion inhibitor enfurvitide or type-I interferon between viruses from participants with acute and chronic infections. The key property distinguishing transmitted viruses was a higher resistance to soluble CD4+, correlated with greater sensitivity to occupation of the CD4+ receptor by the anti-CD4+ antibodies LM52 and SK3.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that envelope glycoproteins from transmitted/founder viruses bind CD4+ less efficiently than those of viruses from chronic infections.
Cognitive and Neuronal Link With Inflammation: A Longitudinal Study in People With and Without HIV Infection
Authors: Anderson Albert M. , Jang Jeong Hoon , Easley Kirk A. , Fuchs Dietmar , Gisslen Magnus , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Ellis Ronald J. , Franklin Donald , Heaton Robert K. , Grant Igor , Letendre Scott L. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Across many settings, lack of virologic control remains common in people with HIV (PWH) because of late presentation and lack of retention in care. This contributes to neuronal damage and neurocognitive impairment, which remains prevalent. More evidence is needed to understand these outcomes in both PWH and people without HIV (PWOH).

Methods:
We recruited PWH initiating antiretroviral therapy and PWOH at 2 sites in the United States. One hundred eight adults were enrolled (56 PWOH and 52 PWH), most of whom had a second assessment at least 24 weeks later (193 total assessments). Tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), neopterin, soluble CD14, and neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) were measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using multivariate models including Bayesian model averaging, we analyzed factors associated with global neuropsychological performance (NPT-9) and CSF NFL at baseline and over time.

Results:
At baseline, higher CSF MCP-1 and plasma sCD14 were associated with worse NPT-9 in PWH, while CSF HIV RNA decrease was the only marker associated with improved NPT-9 over time. Among PWH, higher CSF neopterin was most closely associated with higher NFL. Among PWOH, higher CSF MCP-1 was most closely associated with higher NFL. After antiretroviral therapy initiation, decrease in CSF MCP-1 was most closely associated with NFL decrease.

Conclusion:
Monocyte-associated CSF biomarkers are highly associated with neuronal damage in both PWH and PWOH. More research is needed to evaluate whether therapies targeting monocyte-associated inflammation may ameliorate HIV-associated neurobehavioral diseases.
Oceanipulchritudo coccoides gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment within the family Puniceicoccaceae
Authors: Feng Xi , Zou Qi-Hang , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Ye Meng-Qi , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: September 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic coccus, designated CK1056T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, PR China. Strain CK1056T was found to grow at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), with 0.5–6.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.5 %) and displayed alkaliphilic growth within the pH range of pH 6.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0). The major fatty acids identified were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c). The main polar lipids consisted of aminophosphoglycolipid and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54.0 mol%. The result of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this micro-organism to the family

Puniceicoccaceae

, with

Coraliomargarita akajimensis

KCTC 12865T as its closest relative with only 88.0 % sequence similarity. From the taxonomic data obtained in this study, we propose that the new marine isolate be placed into a novel species within a novel genus in the family

Puniceicoccaceae

, phylum

Verrucomicrobia

, for which the name Oceanipulchritudo coccoides gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CK1056T (=KCTC 72798T=MCCC 1H00425T).