bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated RNA‐Seq and network study reveals the effect of nicotinamide on adrenal androgen synthesis
Authors: Gao Xueying , Yu Zhiheng , Yang Jie , Gao Yutong , Li Shumin , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin resulting from androgen‐induced increased sebum production and altered keratinization. Nicotinamide (NAM), an amide form of vitamin B3 with a well‐established safety profile, has shown good therapeutic potential in treating acne and its complications. NAM has anti‐inflammatory effects and reduces sebum but its function in androgen biosynthesis remains unknown. In this study, we used a widely used cell model, starved human adrenal NCI‐H295R cells, to examine the effects of NAM in androgen production and its mediated network changes. By treating NCI‐H295R cells with 1‐25 mmol/L of NAM, we found that cell viability was only slightly inhibited at the highest dose (25 mmol/L). NAM reduced testosterone production in a dose‐dependent manner. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that key enzymes of androgen biosynthesis were significantly decreased under NAM treatment. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that gene sets of cell cycle, steroid biosynthesis, TGFβ signalling, and targets of IGF1 or IGF2 were enriched in NAM‐treated cells. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially expressed genes also suggested that steroidogenesis and SMAD signalling were affected by NAM. Overall, these crucial genes and pathways might form a complex network in NAM‐treated NCI‐H295R cells and result in androgen reduction. These findings help explain the potential molecular actions of NAM in acne vulgaris, and position NAM as a candidate for the treatment of other hyperandrogenic disorders.
Host permissiveness to baculovirus influences time‐dependent immune responses and fitness costs
Authors: Pan Qinjian , Shikano Ikkei , Felton Gary W. , Liu Tong-Xian , Hoover Kelli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInsects possess specific immune responses to protect themselves from different types of pathogens. Activation of immune cascades can inflict significant developmental costs on the surviving host. To characterize infection kinetics in a surviving host that experiences baculovirus inoculation, it is crucial to determine the timing of immune responses. Here, we investigated time‐dependent immune responses and developmental costs elicited by inoculations from each of two wild‐type baculoviruses, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV), in their common host H. zea. As H. zea is a semi‐permissive host of AcMNPV and fully permissive to HzSNPV, we hypothesized there are differential immune responses and fitness costs associated with resisting infection by each virus species. Newly molted 4th‐instar larvae that were inoculated with a low dose (LD15) of either virus showed significantly higher hemolymph FAD‐glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) activities compared to the corresponding control larvae. Hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity, protein concentration and total hemocyte numbers were not increased, but instead were lower than in control larvae at some time points post‐inoculation. Larvae that survived either virus inoculation exhibited reduced pupal weight; survivors inoculated with AcMNPV grew slower than the control larvae, while survivors of HzSNPV pupated earlier than control larvae. Our results highlight the complexity of immune responses and fitness costs associated with combating different baculoviruses.
Early Cretaceous A‐type Granites in the Dandong Area, NE China and its Geodynamical Implications
Authors: SONG Yunhong , HAO Libo , YANG Fengchao , ZHAO Dongfang , ZHANG Zhehuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA‐type granites, as an important petrologic sign to build up environmental recognition, were mainly formed in extensional tectonic settings. A biotite syenogranite from the Fenghuangshan pluton in Dandong, Liaoning Province gave SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb ages of 122.5 ± 1.6 Ma, 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma and 126.9 ± 1.1 Ma. The monzogranites have SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb ages of 118.2 ± 1.6 Ma, 128.1 ± 1.7 Ma and 131.6 ± 1.9 Ma, giving an emplacement age for the pluton in the Early Cretaceous. SiO2 is 65.48–74.49 wt%, whereas that of K2O is 4.16–6.44 wt%, and that of Na2O is 2.99–4.70 wt%. They also contain 13.24–15.76 wt% of Al2O3, with an A/CNK ratio of 0.92–1.10, averaging 1.02. The alkalinity rate (AR) ranges from 2.68 to 5.12, and this range is within the AR of peraluminous type rocks. The granites of Fenghuangshan pluton are characterized by high contents of Na and K and low contents of Ca (thermophile element) and Mg, which are features of A‐type granites. The (Na2O + K2O) – Fe2O3∗ × 5 – (CaO + MgO) × 5 discrimination diagram also shows that Fenghuangshan pluton is an A2‐type granite. The above granite has zircon ∊Hf(t) values ranging from –17.06 to –9.09, with single‐stage Hf model ages (TDM) of 1141 Ma to 1498 Ma and two‐stage Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) of 1762 Ma to 2263 Ma. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fenghuangshan pluton might have been formed from the lithospheric‐plate sliding during the late stages of evolution of hot rift structures and might have been closely associated with the tectonic settings of Mesozoic Eurasia and the ancient Pacific Plate.
The r toolbox grainscape for modelling and visualizing landscape connectivity using spatially explicit networks
Authors: Chubaty Alex M. , Galpern Paul , Doctolero Sam C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Networks are widely used for modelling landscape connectivity and have many ecological and conservation applications. The nodes in these models describe geographic locations (such as habitat patches or protected areas) and links describe the potential for organisms (or their propagules) to move among nodes.

We present the r package grainscape which facilitates working with these networks within a spatially explicit framework. Package analyses are based on the minimum planar graph, a class of network where links among nodes are influenced by the spatial characteristics of features across the entire landscape.

Modelling outputs are compatible with downstream packages including igraph for network analysis and ggplot2 for visualization. Tools for analysis (e.g. finding corridors) and scaling networks (e.g. grains of connectivity) are also provided. Models can be exported for visualization and analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) or network software.

This package provides a computationally‐efficient programmatic toolbox for many landscape connectivity research questions, enabling researchers to easily customize models, work at large geographic extents, generate their own network metrics, conduct sensitivity analyses and seamlessly employ r statistical functions to test models using biological data. A detailed guide, provided as an Appendix, illustrates common analysis and model variants with accompanying r code.
Swedish intensivists’ experiences and attitudes regarding end‐of‐life decisions
Authors: Nordenskjöld Syrous Alma , Ågård Anders , Kock Redfors Maria , Naredi Silvana , Block Linda 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTo make end‐of‐life (EOL) decisions is a complex and challenging task for intensive care physicians and a substantial variability in this process has been previously reported. However, a deeper understanding of intensivists’ experiences and attitudes regarding the decision‐making process is still, to a large extent, lacking. The primary aim of this study was to address Swedish intensivists’ experiences, beliefs and attitudes regarding decision‐making pertaining to EOL decisions. Second, we aimed to identify underlying factors that may contribute to variability in the decision‐making process.MethodThis is a descriptive, qualitative study. Semi‐structured interviews with nineteen intensivists from five different Swedish hospitals, with different ICU levels, were performed from 1 February 2017 to 31 May 2017.ResultsIntensivists strive to make end‐of‐life decisions that are well‐grounded, based on sufficient information. Consensus with the patient, family and other physicians is important. Concurrently, decisions that are made with scarce information or uncertain medical prognosis, decisions made during on‐call hours and without support from senior consultants cause concern for many intensivists. Underlying factors that contribute to the variability in decision‐making are lack of continuity among senior intensivists, lack of needed support during on‐call hours and disagreements with physicians from other specialties. There is also an individual variability primarily depending on the intensivist's personality.ConclusionSwedish intensivists’ wish to make end‐of‐life decisions based on sufficient information, medically certain prognosis and consensus with the patient, family, staff and other physicians. Swedish intensivists’ experience a variability in end‐of‐life decisions, which is generally accepted and not questioned.
Risk of dementia in bipolar disorder and the interplay of lithium: a systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Velosa J. , Delgado A. , Finger E. , Berk M. , Kapczinski F. , de Azevedo Cardoso T. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo assess whether bipolar disorder (BD) increases the rate of dementia and whether lithium is related to a lower risk of dementia in BD.MethodsA total of 10 studies (6859 BD; 487 966 controls) were included in the meta‐analysis to test whether BD is a risk factor for dementia. In addition, five studies (6483 lithium; 43 496 non‐lithium) were included in the meta‐analysis about the potential protective effect of lithium in BD.ResultsBD increases the risk of dementia (odds ratio (OR): 2.96 [95% CI: 2.09–4.18], P < 0.001), and treatment with lithium decreases the risk of dementia in BD (OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.36–0.72], P < 0.0001). In addition, secondary findings from our systematic review showed that the risk of progression to dementia is higher in BD than in major depressive disorder (MDD). Moreover, the number of mood episodes predicted the development of dementia in BD.ConclusionIndividuals with BD are at higher risk of dementia than both the general population or those with MDD. Lithium appears to reduce the risk of developing dementia in BD.
Exercise‐induced allergic reactions on desensitization to wheat after rush oral immunotherapy
Authors: Furuta Tomoko , Tanaka Kajiyo , Tagami Kazunori , Matsui Teruaki , Sugiura Shiro , Kando Naoyuki , Kanie Yuuki , Naito Michihiro , Izumi Hidehiko , Tanaka Akira , Sjölander Sigrid , Yokooji Tomoharu , Matsuo Hiroaki , Ito Komei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of oral immunotherapy (OIT) on wheat allergy is promising in terms of the potential to obtain desensitization; however, the frequency of exercise‐induced allergic reactions on desensitization (EIARDs) and the associated risk factors remain to be determined.MethodsTwenty‐five patients underwent rush OIT for wheat allergy, and 21 achieved the full‐dose intake of wheat products (5 g of wheat protein). Exercise‐provocation tests were repeatedly performed after the ingestion of a full‐dose wheat product. The time‐course of the levels of the specific IgEs (sIgE) to wheat extract, total gliadin, deamidated gliadin, recombinant gliadin components (α/β–, γ– and ω–5–), and glutenin (high and low molecular weight) components was analyzed using ImmunoCAP®, ELISA, or IgE immunoblotting.ResultsFourteen patients (66.7%) were diagnosed as EIARD+, which remained 5 years after rush OIT in 11 patients (52.4%). There were no differences in the clinical backgrounds of the EIARD+ and EIARD− patients. However, EIARD+ patients showed significantly higher sIgE levels to all gliadin and glutenin components than EIARD‐ patients before OIT. The sIgE levels to each component decreased equally after 1 and 2 years of OIT. On IgE immunoblotting, sera from all patients reacted to the multiple gluten bands, and some reacted to the water‐soluble bands. The intensity of all IgE‐reactive bands also became equally lighter after OIT.ConclusionsEIARDs were frequently observed and remained for a long period after successful OIT for wheat allergy. None of the specific wheat components were found to contribute to EIARDs.
Low‐dose‐aspirin usage among women with an increased preeclampsia risk: A prospective cohort study
Authors: van Montfort Pim , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , van Dooren Ivo M. A. , Meertens Linda J. E. , Zelis Maartje , Zwaan Iris M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Smits Luc J. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLow‐dose aspirin (LDA) prophylaxis has been shown to reduce women’s preeclampsia risk. Evidence regarding LDA adherence rates of pregnant women is based almost exclusively on clinical trials, giving a potentially biased picture. Moreover, these studies do not report on determinants of adherence. Since 2017, obstetric healthcare professionals in a Dutch region have assessed women’s preeclampsia risk by means of a prediction tool and counseled those with an above‐population average risk on LDA as a prophylactic measure.Material and methodsFrom 2017 to 2018, 865 women were recruited in multiple centers and prospectively followed using web‐based surveys (Expect Study II). Rates and determinants of LDA usage among women with an increased preeclampsia risk in daily practice were assessed. Results were compared with findings in a similar cohort from a care‐as‐usual setting lacking risk‐based counseling (Expect Study I, n = 2614). Netherlands Trial Register NTR4143.ResultsIn total, 306 women had a predicted increased preeclampsia risk. LDA usage was higher for women receiving risk‐based care than care‐as‐usual (29.4% vs 1.5%, odds ratio 19.1, 95% confidence interval 11.2‐32.5). Daily LDA usage was positively correlated with both predicted risk and women’s concerns regarding preeclampsia. Most reported reasons for non‐ or incomplete use were unawareness of LDA as a preventive intervention, concerns about potential adverse effects and doubts regarding the benefits.ConclusionsRisk‐based counseling was associated with a higher prevalence of LDA usage, but general usage rates were low. Future research regarding potential factors improving the usage of LDA during pregnancy is necessary.
CA‐125 reduction during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with success of cytoreductive surgery and outcome of patients with advanced high‐grade ovarian cancer
Authors: Kessous Roy , Wissing Michel D. , Piedimonte Sabrina , Abitbol Jeremie , Kogan Liron , Laskov Ido , Yasmeen Amber , Salvador Shannon , Lau Susie , Gotlieb Walter H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective was to assess whether an early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with advanced ovarian cancer may predict short‐ and long‐term clinical outcome.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective study of all women with stage III‐IV tubo‐ovarian cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at a single center in Montreal between 2003 and 2014. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between cancer antigen 125 (CA‐125) levels during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and debulking success. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and their respective 95% CI for death and recurrence. Harrell's concordance indices were calculated to evaluate which variables best predicted the chemotherapy‐free interval and overall survival in our population.ResultsIn all, 105 women were included. Following the first, second, and third cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, CA‐125 levels had a median reduction of 43.2%, 85.4%, and 92.9%, respectively, compared with CA‐125 levels at diagnosis. As early as the second cycle, CA‐125 was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01‐1.05, per 50 U/mL increment). By the third cycle, CA‐125 did not only predict overall survival (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.01‐1.08), but it predicted overall survival better than the success of debulking surgery (Harrell's concordance index 0.646 vs 0.616). Both absolute CA‐125 levels and relative reduction in CA‐125 levels after 2 and 3 cycles predicted the chance to achieve complete debulking (P < .05).ConclusionsReduction of CA‐125 levels during neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an early predictive tool that strongly correlates with successful cytoreductive surgery and long‐term clinical outcome in women with advanced high‐grade serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer.
Next‐generation sequencing through multi‐gene panel testing for diagnosis of hereditary ichthyosis in Chinese
Authors: Cheng Ruhong , Liang Jianying , Li Yue , Zhang Jia , Ni Cheng , Yu Hong , Kong Xiangsheng , Li Ming , Yao Zhirong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInherited ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders related to over 40 genes. To identify underlying molecular causes in inherited ichthyosis among Chinese and to correlate genotype and phenotype, 35 probands clinically diagnosed inherited ichthyosis, except ichthyosis vulgaris and X‐linked ichthyosis, were included in our study. Molecular analysis was performed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) through multi‐gene panel testing targeting all ichthyosis‐related genes. Genetic variants causative for the ichthyosis were identified in 32 of 35 investigated patients. In all, 43 causative mutations across 12 genes were disclosed, including 16 novel variants. Thirteen keratinopathic ichthyosis, fourteen autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) including one caused by mutations in SDR9C7, and five syndromic ichthyoses were confirmed. Four probands, with presumptive ARCI, turned out to be keratinopathic ichthyosis (2), neutral lipid storage disease (1), and Sjogren‐Larsson syndrome (1), respectively. Next‐generation technology has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in diagnosing inherited ichthyosis constituting a diverse group of cornification disorders. Our study further expands mutation spectrum and clinical phenotype associated with inherited ichthyosis in Chinese.
The moral residue of conservation
Authors: Batavia Chelsea , Nelson Michael Paul , Wallach Arian D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShould conservationists use lethal management to control introduced wildlife populations? Should they kill individual animals to protect endangered species? Are trade‐offs that prioritize some values at the expense of others morally appropriate? These sorts of ethical questions are common in conservation. In debating such questions, conservationists often seem to presume 1 of 2 possible answers: the act in question is right or it is wrong. But morality in conservation is considerably more complex than this simple binary suggests. A robust conservation ethic requires a vocabulary that gives voice to the uncertainty and unease that arise when what seems to be the best available course of action also seems to involve a measure of wrongdoing. The philosophical literature on moral residue and moral dilemmas supplies this vocabulary. Moral dilemmas arise when one must neglect certain moral requirements to fulfill others. Under such circumstances, even the best possible decision leaves a moral residue, which is experienced emotionally as some form of grief. Examples of conservation scenarios that leave a moral residue include management of introduced rabbits in Australia, trophy hunting in Africa, and forest management trade‐offs in the Pacific Northwest. Moral residue is integral to the moral experience of conservationists today, and grief is an appropriate response to many decisions conservationists must make.Article impact statement: Defensible conservation decisions may neglect moral requirements, leaving a moral residue; conservationists should respond with grief.
Improved spotted hyena optimizer with space transformational search for training pi‐sigma higher order neural network
Authors: Panda Nibedan , Majhi Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpotted hyena optimizer (SHO) is a recently developed swarm‐based algorithm in the field of metaheuristic research, for solving realistic engineering design constraint and unconstrained difficulties. To resolve complicated nonlinear physical world tasks, at times, SHO reveals deprived performance concerning to explorative strength. So, to enhance the explorative strength along with exploitation in the search region, an attempt has been made by proposing the enhanced version of classical SHO. The suggested method is designated as space transformation search (STS)‐SHO. In STS‐SHO, a new evolutionary technique named as STS technique has been incorporated with original SHO. The suggested method has been assessed by IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark problems. The efficacy of the said method has been proven by using standard measures such as given performance metrics in CEC 2017, complexity analysis, convergence analysis, and statistical implications. Further as real‐world application, the said algorithm has been applied to train pi‐sigma neural network by means of 13 benchmark datasets considered from UCI depository. From the article it can be concluded that the suggested method STS‐SHO is an effective and trustworthy algorithm, which has the ability to resolve real‐life optimization complications.
The changing relation between alcohol and life expectancy in Russia in 1965–2017
Authors: Danilova Inna , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Andreev Evgeny , Leon David A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn the 1990s, a strong inverse relationship between life expectancy (LE) in Russia and mortality from alcohol poisoning was observed. This association is remarkable as this cause accounts for less than 2% of deaths each year. It can be explained by treating the alcohol poisoning mortality as the best available measure in Russia of the population prevalence of harmful drinking in any year which in turn associated with mortality from a wide range of causes. This study analyses the evolving relationship of LE with this mortality‐based measure of harmful drinking since 1965, and places it in a policy context.Design and MethodsWe examine three periods: 1965–1984, a period of gradual LE decline; 1984–2003, a period of massive LE fluctuations; and 2003–2017, a period of LE improvement. Pearson's correlation coefficients and a linear relationship between annual changes in LE and alcohol poisoning were estimated for each period.ResultsThe strongest negative correlation between changes in LE and alcohol poisonings was found in 1984–2003. Over the period 2003–2017 a consistent positive LE trend emerged that was statistically independent of alcohol poisoning.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results suggest that in the period from the mid‐2000s a growth of LE in Russia was to a large extent independent of changes in the population prevalence of harmful drinking. While there has been a reduction in mortality at ages 15–64, at older ages mortality reduction unrelated to alcohol has become an increasingly important driver of overall mortality improvements.