bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Numerically Solving the Inverse Problem Based on L1 Norm
Authors: Yanan Guo , Xiaoqun Cao , Bainian Liu , Kecheng Peng , Guangjie Wang , Mei Gao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the numerical solution method based on L1 norm for inverse problem is studied. First, according to the theory of the L1 norm and the characteristics of the problem to be solved, a cost function is constructed. Further, for complex parameter estimation problems and derivative discontinuities, the regularization method is used to construct the cost function and the Huber function is used in the derivative discontinuity. Finally, the problem is solved numerically by the semi-smooth Newton method. The experimental results show that the method based on L1 norm is an effective method under the interference of non-Gaussian noises. For the parameter estimation of complex models, the results based on the L1 norm method are very closer to the real parameters when there is impulse noise. For parameter estimation under non-Gaussian noise, the L1 norm estimation method has significant advantages over the L2 norm method.
Review of Crop Disease and Pest Image Recognition Technology
Authors: Jia Shaopeng , Gao Hongju 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Throughout the history of agricultural development, crop diseases and pests have been one of the main obstacles hindering the development of agricultural economy, which not only caused irreversible economic losses to farmers, but also hindered the development of economic and social. The crop pets and diseases identification system based on digital image processing technology has the characteristics of fast, accurate and real-time, which can assist farmers to take effective control measures in time. In this paper, we have done some review on different digital image processing techniques to detect the plant diseases. We compared traditional machine learning and deep learning and discussed the future research trends and directions .
Post-job Data Analysis by Python for a Miniature Recorder in Drilling Motors
Authors: Li Fei , Song Haolan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A vibration recorder has been deployed to capture the dynamics data of drilling motors for their operation and health evaluation. The recorder is usually inserted inside the rotor catcher of a conventional drilling motor in such a way that no extra length is introduced to the planned bottom hole assembly (BHA). The recorder can log data over the full operation cycle of a drilling motor, including vibration during surface activities and downhole operation. A post-job data analyzer was specifically designed based on Python. The analyzer processes the recorded data and generates statistics, time plots, and the various statistical plots such as histograms. These statistics and plots help the operators and maintenance technicians to gain insights into the motor operation and performance. The analyzer can provide adequate information on a drilling motor to asset owners for maintenance and operation optimization without analysis training or qualification from operators.
Research on Color Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Quaternion Fourier Transform
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Wang Shunli , Sun Wei , Bian Jing , Liu YinBo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper mainly proposes a color image digital watermarking algorithm based on quaternion Fourier transform (QFT). We can describe color image as a quaternion matrix, then we can use QFT to get its frequency domain information. By using Fourier transform, we can embed the watermarking information into the frequency domain information. By using inverse QFT, we can get a color image that contain watermarking information. All of the steps can be reversible, so the watermarking extraction process is opposite to the embedding process. The advantage of processing color image by quaternion theory is that three color channels of the image can be treated as a whole.
Measurement of vibrations generated by high speed railway traffic and evaluation according to international norms
Authors: Ates S , Celebi E , Kirtel O , Zulfikar A C , Goktepe F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
High-speed trains are one of the most preferred ways of transportation. The fact that it is fast and safe, cost effective and not being effected by weather conditions provides many advantages for passengers but there are also many disadvantages for the buildings close to the train track and the people who reside in these buildings. In this study, a series of site tests were performed to obtain the acceleration recordings of the vibrations existing in free field of the soil and building foundation. The average shear wave velocity of soil was considered as 200m/s and the velocity of the high-speed train was taken as 250km/h. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the kinematic interaction between the free field motion and foundation vibration of the building while high-speed train passed. Furthermore, vibrations occurring under the current soil conditions of the study area were evaluated according to the key parameters defined in regulations of the Federal Transit Administration Report (FTA) and Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings/Effects of Vibration on Structures (DIN 4150-2/3). It is seen that the compliance with the limit values specified in the regulations changes according to the purpose of use. The results showed that rigid foundations significantly modify the wave propagation and vibration level due to kinematic interaction effects.
Physico-mechanical characterization of high-volume fly ash cement paste composites
Authors: Aydın E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current annual worldwide production of coal ash is estimated at one billion tons of which at least 70-75 % is fly ash. A huge amount of such wastes can seriously damage the environment and ecology of the planet. In this study, a high volume of fly ash was used to produce environmentally friendly building products. The composites were designed as pure cement, and as a result, no aggregates were used. Composites are classified as non-load- bearing elements in the construction sector. Physico-mechanical characterisation of laboratory- produced composites was evaluated based on dry density, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, porosity, and compressive and flexural strength tests. Based on the test results, fly ash can be used as an alternative binder for building products. Water absorption test results of composites produced by 40% fly ash showed satisfactory results. Dry density measurements proved the lightweight nature of the composites. Compressive and flexural strength test results were within the limit specified by the international authorities in the building sector. The composites comprising 60% fly ash attained 30 Mpa compressive strength at 28 days. The produced samples can be used effectively for various civil engineering works. The utilisation of fly ash in construction could reduce the carbon dioxide emission and produce a better sustainable solution.
Utilization of large amounts of industrial wastes to improve sustainability of the construction sector
Authors: Aydın E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe concept of “sustainability” in the construction sector has increasingly led to the manufacturing of thermal comfort products composed of natural or recycled materials. Several such products are readily available in the market while others are still in the early stages of production or under research. The assessment of the sustainability potential of building materials as well as of entire buildings or structures is a significantly complex issue as it involves the quantification of three interacting and interdependent parameters: the environmental impact, the technical performance, and the lifetime. From this it is decidedly apparent that simply protecting the environmental impact (e.g., during the construction process) will not benefit the environment as long as an equivalent technical performance and lifetime cannot be ensured. This situation can be analysed using the definition of the so-called “sustainability potential”. To this end, bottom ash and marble dust were used as a replacement for cement (up to 70%). In this study, technical performance of the laboratory-produced composites was evaluated using mechanical and durability tests. The sustainability potential of the composites was also analysed using the reduction in cost and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of the produced composites. The test results showed that the pure cement paste composites are adequate for targeting controlled low strength and non-load-bearing elements in civil engineering works. Durability performance also proved that the composites are moderately resistant to sulphates.
Performance indicators in the construction industry: a study with Portuguese companies
Authors: Barros A , Sousa S , Nunes E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to study the use of performance indicators (PIs) by business managers in the civil construction sector in a region that encompasses eight districts located in the north of Portugal. Through the literature review, it was possible to gather a list of twenty potential PIs used in this sector. Subsequently, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of construction companies from this region. A statistical analysis of the data collected allowed to identify the twelve most used and most important PIs for the companies surveyed. The results indicate that the companies involved in this study mainly use the traditional financial measures, however, recognize that non-financial measures, namely the customer satisfaction index, employee satisfaction, internal customer satisfaction index, and the training of employees, are increasingly important for the success of companies. The study also analysis the criteria to select PIs, its main benefits, and difficulties faced by companies on their usage.
Use of Slab composite with galvanized steel deck in reinforced concrete frame
Authors: Eissa M , Celikag M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Slabs composite with galvanized steel deck and in-situ concrete are commonly used in steel framed structures. This approach proven to reduce structural weight and increase the efficiency of structural design. Furthermore, the steel deck acts as permanent formwork and also as positive reinforcement after concrete hardening. The study reported in this paper concentrates on the use of composite slab with galvanized steel deck in reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings. This requires the assessment of the system under flexural loads and slip forces that develops between the RC beam and the composite slab in shear transferring zone. Four-point static and push-off tests were used to find the flexural capacity of system and the amount of slip between the beam and the slabs. Results of the numerous experimental tests and analytical studies demonstrate that the composite slab can be implemented in RC frames since both composite beam flanges and RC beam flanges conducted by the same beam stem manifested almost the same flexural behavior and had roughly similar load-carrying capacity in static test. Moreover, no slip was developed between the RC beam and the composite slab in all four test cases with different reinforcement set up. This can be considered as an important advantage of this system.
Oxidation of reactive black 5 solutions with sulfate radicals activated by iron
Authors: Gamadze N , Pirgalıoğlu S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Textile Effluents are problematic effluents which cannot be treated with conventional biochemical treatment methods. One of the most promising methods for treatment of non- biodegradable wastewaters is advanced oxidation. In this study, effect of sulfate radical based advanced oxidation methods were investigated for treatment of an azo dye; Reactive Black 5 (RB-5). Sulfate radicals were activated with the addition of Iron(II) and Iron (III) Sulfate to the reaction medium. Effect of pH and persulfate dosage on RB-5 removal were also investigated. It was observed that runs which were conducted with Iron (II) ions yielded better results both in terms of RB-5 removal and reaction rate. It was recorded that RB-5 removal and removal rate both improved with increased persulfate dosage while optimum initial pH was found to be unadjusted pH which was measured as 3. RB-5 removal over 99% was observed in the run conducted at pH 3 with a persulfate dosage of 4 mM and FeSO4 (Fe(II)) dosage of 1 mM.
Design and verification of properties of heavy-weight concrete for the production of weights
Authors: Hela R , Bodnarova L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the design of composition and verification of the properties of heavy-weight concrete for the production of weights. Heavy weights from fine-grained heavy-weight concrete can be used as a substitute for harmful lead weights (sinkers) for fishing purposes. Lead fishing weights contaminate water, posing a risk to aquatic animals and birds. The production of fishing sinkers from heavy-weight concrete seems to be a possible substitute. A significant reduction in the use of lead fishing sinkers in the European Union is currently under preparation. The formulas of heavy-weight concrete from fine aggregate (fractions max. 2mm) were designed and tested. The consistency of concrete was designed for casting. The optimum vibration frequency of concrete compaction was determined at 75 Hz, resulting in a smooth, colourable surface. The density of the dried concrete after 28 days was 4000 kg.m−3 using a magnetite aggregate with an apparent density of 5.07 Mg/m3.
Evaluation of carbonation depth evolution tendencies of reinforced concrete buildings located in coastal and inland areas of north cyprus
Authors: Al Haj Houseen Q , Akpınar P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carbonation is a critical concrete durability problem that is known to have potential adverse effects both on the concrete cover and steel reinforcing bars. This study involves detailed experimental investigations on the carbonation progress status of 149 samples from 39 existing buildings in North Cyprus that are located in coastal and inland areas. It is known that the varying exposure conditions in coastal and inland areas are likely to affect the durability performance of concrete buildings in different manners. Concrete core samples that were originally extracted from structures for compressive strength determination, were later tested by using Phenolphthalein indicator in order to determine the extent of carbonation occurred throughout their service duration. Besides studying their current carbonation states, the expected carbonation depth at the end of a 50-years of service life, as well as time needed to carbonate 30 mm-depth concrete cover were also investigated by using the Fick’s law. Results showed that 41% of the inland samples have been exhibiting satisfactory carbonation resistance performance according to Eurocodes, where this rate was as high as 71% for the samples obtained from coastal areas of North Cyprus.
Two dimensional determination of peak acceleration distributions during earthquakes
Authors: İpek Y , Akgün M , Özdağ Ö C , Gönenç T , Pamuk E , Dindar H , Atalar C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, the two dimensional peak acceleration values between the bedrock and the ground surface is examined by using the soil bedrock model formed for a profile in the Bomova Plain in the east of Izmir Bay. For this purpose, two dimensional soil bedrock model was created for profile using microgravity and Extended Spatial Autocorrelation (ESPAC) method results. The S-wave velocities obtained from the ESPAC method were used to determine the density for microgravity modelling. After the density determination process, microgravity data on the profile were obtained by forward Talwani modelling. The obtained model is divided with gridding the data at regular intervals. In the study area, a recorded earthquake data used for deconvolution by soil-bedrock model known strong ground motion station BYN, and then transfer to the interface of bedrock in addition to obtain required bedrock data. Then, the calculated site- specific bedrock earthquake data was transferred from the bedrock surface of the grid model to the soil surface and layer boundaries. By combining these peak acceleration values for the profile, the two dimensional peak acceleration distribution for the profile was calculated.
Building services in timber construction – Investigation on difficulties and reliefs during the installation procedures in multi-storey timber residential buildings
Authors: Koppelhuber D , Magg A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Multi-storey timber construction has undergone a strong positive development in Austria in recent years. However, while there are constant advancements in materials, construction technologies, production stages and assembly methods in timber construction itself, the design as well as the installation procedures of building services in multi-storey timber buildings lags far behind these technological progresses. The principles of planning and installation of building equipment are generally similar to those within solid mineral constructions that could be identified in the holistic research project TGA-Timber. A comprehensive investigation of the installation procedure on 3 multi-storey timber-construction projects has been carried on site and during prefabrication within the past 2 years in Austria at Graz University of Technology. The emphasis was set on the identification of disorders and delays caused by installation procedure of HVAC-building equipment in timber construction. The results of this research release the large potential of optimisation of piping runs as well as time- und cost savings within the installations process of building equipment as part of an overall economical optimisation. This publication is an excerpt of the results generated for these construction site analysis and deals in particular with difficulties and disturbances that have occurred.
Modular timber structures
Authors: Kuda D , Petříčková M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Related to sustainability movement and minimizing the carbon footprint, timber structures are becoming more attractive. Wood, as main structural material, offers many benefits relate mostly to economic and ecological aspects, compared to other materials as steel or concrete. On the other hand, physical characteristics of wood complicate the usage of a timber for high-rise or large-span structures. It brings a new challenge for architects and engineers to deliver feasible solution for usability of timber, despite its features. One of the possible solutions could be implementation of CLT (Cross-Laminate Timber) panels in structural systems developed earlier for buildings made of prefabricated concrete slabs. SOM in cooperation with Oregon State University are currently testing composite slabs made of CLT and thin concrete layer reinforcing the wood and protecting it from fire. Although the system solution looks promising, and could bring the result, slabs limit using of the space in layout. On the other hand, frame structures would be much more efficient. This article comes up with an idea of modular frame structure, which could help to solve the problem. The scheme is based on “gridshell” type systems, where rods form a more efficient shell for dealing with stress forces.
An evaluation of level of knowledge, behaviour and attitude towards environmental footprint in secondary school students in Libya
Authors: Laama I F G , Özdal D , Onay T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The indications of the impact of activities of people on environment are called footprints. Footprints are targeting various concerns related with environment and they quantify resource appropriation or waste generation, or both. Knowledge on protecting environment is one of the important factor that may affect environment adversely, because knowledge determines attitudes and behaviours of someone to environment. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Libyan secondary schools students towards environmental footprint. A quantitative research employing a questionnaire including questions on demographic characteristics of students and 35 questions on student’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of students towards environment was carried out. Data were collected from 400 students in the last quarter of 2018 in four secondary schools located in Tripoli. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS vs. 21, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Majority of students (91.8%) were observed as having high knowledge on environmental footprint. A higher proportion of students were having moderate levels of attitudes (76.0%) and behaviours (65.8%) towards environment. When the impact of demographic characteristics on level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours was studied using t-test, it was found that students whose fathers were graduated from master or PhD had significantly greater knowledge level compared to others. It is important to implement programmes for improving knowledge of different parts of population by both empowering school curriculum and involving public and private sectors for involving in policies and programmes for both improving knowledge of different population groups and encouraging them to safe behaviours towards environment.
Service quality factors in the construction sector: A literature review
Authors: Landy M F B , Sousa S , Romero F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper consists of an exploratory literature review whose main research objectives were the identification of the service quality factors that are considered more important in the construction sector, the service quality models that are used to measure quality, and how are they related to success factors. The research methodology is documental and based on a review of articles obtained from six major scientific databases. The description of the main results follows. In all cases, the traditional models of service quality were used as guidelines to explain and adapt to specific contexts. The typical parameters used in these models are reliability, responsiveness, communication, credibility, assurance, empathy with the client and construction quality. In some cases, additional dimensions were added. Success factors seem to be intrinsically related to project management, communication skills, professional skills, quality of the final product, design, aesthetic and innovation, where the three latter ones represent parameters that have gained recently preponderance. A holistic, flexible and adaptable attitude seems to be relevant to face dynamic and turbulent conditions and changing customer’s requirements and expectations. Overall, the results indicate a generalised conservative approach which characterises this sector.