bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and Electron‐Transfer Mechanisms of Ferrocene Carboxylates and Sulfonates at Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Kurapati Niraja , Pathirathna Pavithra , Ziegler Christopher J. , Amemiya Shigeru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFerrocene derivatives are considered as representative outer‐sphere redox couples that do not specifically interact with the electrode surface. It, however, is highly challenging to unambiguously prove their outer‐sphere character experimentally. Herein, we employ quantitative cyclic voltammetry to assess whether ferrocene carboxylates and sulfonates mediate only outer‐sphere electron transfer (ET) at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). We find voltammetrically that only reduced forms of ferroceneacetate, ferrocenecarboxylate, and ferrocenesulfonate are specifically adsorbed on the HOPG surface to mediate outer‐sphere ET without inner‐sphere ET, which requires the adsorption of both reduced and oxidized forms of a redox couple. By contrast, no voltammetric feature of adsorption is observed for 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate and 1,1′‐ferrocenedisulfonate to prevent us from identifying the unique mechanism among outer‐sphere ET, inner‐sphere ET, and both owing to the Laviron‐Amatore paradox.
The application of carbon materials in nonaqueous Na‐O2 batteries
Authors: Lin Xiaoting , Sun Qian , Doyle Davis Kieran , Li Ruying , Sun Xueliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNa‐O2 batteries are advantageous as the candidates of next‐generation electric vehicles due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and have attracted enormous attention recently. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to improve the Na‐O2 battery performance by designing advanced electrodes with various carbon‐based materials. Carbon materials used in Na‐O2 batteries not only function as the air electrode to provide active sites and accommodate discharge products but also as Na anode protectors against dendrite growth and chemical/electrochemical corrosion. In this review, we mainly focus on the application of various carbon‐based materials in Na‐O2 batteries and highlight their advances. The scientific understanding on the fundamental design of the material microstructure and chemistry in relation to the battery performance are summarized. Finally, perspectives on enhancing the overall battery performance based on the optimization and rational design of carbon‐based cell components are also briefly anticipated.
Oxidation of Enones for Regioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition through γ‐Enone Radical Intermediates
Authors: Kan Jian , Zhang Min , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lou Xin , Shang Yaping , Xu Biping , Yang Fanyuanhang , Su Weiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Min Zhang and Weiping Su at the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903551.
Basics of Expansion Microscopy
Authors: Klimas Aleksandra , Gallagher Brendan , Zhao Yongxin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptical imaging techniques are often used in neuroscience to understand brain function and discern disease pathogenesis. However, the optical diffraction limit precludes conventional optical imaging approaches from resolving nanoscopic structures with feature sizes smaller than 300 nm. Expansion microscopy (ExM) circumvents this limit by physically expanding preserved tissues embedded in a swellable hydrogel. Biomolecules of interest are covalently linked to a polymer matrix, which is then isotropically expanded at least 100‐fold in size in pure water after mechanical homogenization of the tissue‐gel. The sample can then be investigated with nanoscale precision using a conventional diffraction‐limited microscope. The protocol described here is a variant of ExM that uses regents and equipment found in a typical biology laboratory and has been optimized for imaging proteins in expanded brain tissues. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Expansion microscopy for intact brain tissue
Radiotelemetry reveals effects of upstream biomass and UV exposure on environmental DNA occupancy and detection for a large freshwater turtle
Authors: Kessler Ethan J. , Ash Kurt T. , Barratt Samantha N. , Larson Eric R. , Davis Mark A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundImperfect detection of hard‐to‐sample organisms has motivated the development of novel monitoring techniques. Environmental DNA (eDNA) can provide a sensitive, relatively low‐cost sampling method in aquatic systems, but biotic and abiotic factors can affect its reliability.AimsWe used a reintroduced population of radio‐tracked alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) to test the efficacy and ecology of eDNA in a lotic system.Materials & MethodsWe collected samples at turtle locations as well as random up‐ and downstream sites. Using a novel eDNA assay, we modeled occupancy and detection of eDNA using turtle biomass and remotely sensed UV exposure and also tested the relationship between these parameters and eDNA concentration.ResultsWe found eDNA occupancy was best explained by upstream biomass and detection probability decreased with greater upstream UV exposure. The concentration of eDNA in a sample was not significantly affected by biomass measures, but decreased with higher upstream UV exposure, and the effect was significant.DiscussionOur results show that UV exposure can affect aquatic eDNA sampling in situ with free‐ranging animals. The use of radiotelemetry allowed for higher control when modeling eDNA persistence and transport in a natural setting relative to laboratory, enclosure, or mesocosm studies.ConclusionWe propose using wildlife tracking techniques to provide added realism to studies of eDNA dynamics.
Heuristic approaches for the reliable SDN controller placement problem
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Maurya Saurabh , Kumar Naveen , Srivastava Shashank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoftware‐defined networking (SDN) is one of the most used network architecture that divides the forwarding plane and control plane. The SDN centrally observes and regulates the network through a software control in the control plane, called as controller. Multiple controllers are needed to manage the software‐defined WAN (SD‐WAN) for handling the scalability and reliability issues of the network as one controller is not enough. Deploying numerous controllers efficiently to improve the performance of the network is known as controller placement problem (CPP). This paper proposes a Varna‐based optimization (VBO) for a reliable CPP that minimizes the total average latency of SDN. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed work is a novel approach, which is compared with particle swarm optimization, teacher learning‐based optimization, and Jaya algorithms to solve reliable CPP. The experimental results show that VBO gives better performance than teacher learning‐based optimization (TLBO), PSO, and Jaya algorithms for the popular topologies that are publicly available.
Association between pathological invasion patterns and late lymph node metastases in patients with surgically treated clinical No early oral tongue carcinoma
Authors: Hori Yukiko , Kubota Akira , Yokose Tomoyuki , Furukawa Madoka , Matsushita Takeshi , Oridate Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the combination of tumor budding and depth (BD model) and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) as histopathological prognostic factors in clinical N0 early oral tongue carcinoma.MethodsData from 62 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Associations between histopathological factors (differentiation, stage, lymphatic invasion, blood vessel invasion, WPOI, and BD model) and regional control (RC) or disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated.ResultsThe five‐year RC and DFS rates were 74% and 65%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified blood vessel invasion, lymphatic invasion, WPOI, and BD model, whereas multivariate analysis identified WPOI, and BD model, as predictive factors for RC. Univariate analysis identified lymphatic invasion, WPOI, and BD model, whereas multivariate analysis identified WPOI, as predictive factors for DFS.ConclusionThe pathological invasion patterns should be considered when determining the follow‐up plan for patients with clinical N0 early oral tongue carcinoma.
Retinoic acid and/or progesterone differentiate mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells in vitro
Authors: Mahabadi Javad Amini , Tameh Abolfazl Aazami , Talaei Sayyed Alireza , Karimian Mohammad , Rahiminia Tahereh , Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Gheibi Hayat Seyed Mohammad , Nikzad Hossein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNumerous reagents were employed for differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into male germ cells; however, the induction procedure was ineffective. The aim of this study was to improve the in vitro differentiation of mice iPSCs (miPSCs) into male germ cells with retinoic acid (RA) and progesterone (P). miPSCs were differentiated to embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension with RA with or without progesterone for 0, 4, and 7 days. Then, the expression of certain genes at different stages of male germ cell development including Ddx4 (pre meiosis), Stra8 (meiosis), AKAP3 (post meiosis), and Mvh protein was examined in RNA and/or protein levels by real‐time polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry, respectively. The Stra8 gene expression increased in the RA groups on all days. But, expression of this gene declined in RA + P groups. In addition, an increased expression of Ddx4 gene was observed on day 0 in the P group. Also, a significant upregulation was observed in the expression of AKAP3 gene in the RA + P group on days 0 and 4. However, gene expression decreased in P and RA groups on day 7. The expression of Mvh protein significantly increased in the RA group on day 7. The Mvh expression was also enhanced in the P group on day 4, but it decreased on day 7, while this protein upregulated on day 0 and 7 in the RA + P group. The miPSCs have the capacity for in vitro differentiation into male germ cells by RA and/or progesterone. However, the effects of these inducers depend on the type of combination and an effective time.
The correlation of long non‐coding RNA intersectin 1‐2 with disease risk, disease severity, inflammation, and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Yi , Niu Chenglin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of long non‐coding RNA intersectin 1‐2 (lnc‐ITSN1‐2) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) risk, and investigate its correlation with disease severity, inflammation, and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in AIS patients.MethodsThree hundred and twenty AIS patients were recruited, and plasma samples were collected within 24 hours after admission. lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression form plasma was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed, and RFS was calculated. Meanwhile, 320 controls were enrolled and plasma samples were collected on the enrollment, and lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was detected by RT‐qPCR.Resultslnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was increased in AIS patients compared to controls (P < .001), and receiver operating characteristic curve revealed its predictive value for AIS risk (area under the curve: 0.804, 95% confidence interval, 0.763‐0.845). In AIS patients, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was positively correlated with NIHSS score (r = 0.464, P < .001). For inflammation, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.398, P < .001), TNF‐α (r = 0.502, P < .001), IL‐1β (r = 0.313, P < .001), IL‐6 (r = 0.207, P < .001), IL‐8 (r = 0.400, P < .001), IL‐17 (r = 0.272, P < .001), and IL‐22 (r = 0.222, P < .001). In terms of predicted target microRNAs, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was negatively correlated with microRNA (miR)‐107 (r = −0.467, P < .001), miR‐125a (r = −0.494, P < .001), and miR‐146a (r = −0.126, P = .025). For prognosis, high lnc‐ITSN1‐2 expression was correlated with worse RFS in AIS patients.Conclusionlnc‐ITSN1‐2 exerts a good predictive value for AIS risk; meanwhile, its increased expression is correlated with enhanced disease severity, elevated inflammation, and worse RFS in AIS patients.
Detection of sunn pest‐damaged wheat grains using artificial bee colony optimization‐based artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Sabanci Kadir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, artificial intelligence models that identify sunn pest‐damaged wheat grains (SDG) and healthy wheat grains (HWG) are presented. Svevo durum wheat cultivated in Konya province, Turkey is used for the process, with 150 HWG and 150 SDG being used for classification. Thanks to the constructed imaging setup, photos of the 300 wheat grains are obtained. Seventeen visual features of each wheat grain are extracted by image‐processing techniques and evaluated in three different groups of dimension, texture and pattern as visual parameters. Artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization‐based artificial neural network (ANN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms are implemented to classify the damaged wheat grains.RESULTSA correlation‐based feature selection (CFS) technique is also utilized to find the most effective among the 17 features. In the classification process using five selected features, the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values for ABC‐based ANN are calculated as 0.00174 and 0.00433 respectively. The proposed technique is integrated into graphical user interface (GUI) software to construct an effective detection system for practical use.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that, thanks to the modified ANN algorithm and implemented CFS algorithm, the detection accuracy of damaged wheat grains is considerably increased. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Traceability of ‘Mozzarella di Bufala Campana’ production chain by means of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios
Authors: Altieri Simona , Saiano Katya , Biondi Mariaida , Ricci Paola , Lubritto Carmine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNew techniques are required to guarantee the authenticity of food, especially for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) trademarks. The genuineness of a product is directly related to the raw material and to the production process used. In this article, the traceability of the Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO was investigated, using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ratios, measured on buffalo feeding, milk and mozzarella, from Caserta and Salerno farms. Furthermore, 37 mozzarella brands were analyzed (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes) from the different production areas, to characterize their origin.RESULTSThe results of this work showed no changes in carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of milk and mozzarella, indicating no fractionation in the production process. The δ13C of milk was influenced by feeding signal; while, milk δ15N was regulated by fractionation occurring during ruminant metabolism. Mozzarella oxygen isotopic signal depleted with respect to the milk one.Regarding brand samples, it was found that the geographical differentiation is based more on carbon isotopes than on the nitrogen and oxygen ones.CONCLUSIONThis work gives an important contribution to the knowledge regarding the traceability of such a particular cheese as mozzarella. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in malting barley grains in the main producing region of Argentina
Authors: Castañares Eliana , Pavicich Maria A , Dinolfo Maria I , Moreyra Federico , Stenglein Sebastián A , Patriarca Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals worldwide, and its quality is affected by fungal contamination such as species of the genus Alternaria. No information is available about the occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in Argentinean barley grains, which is of concern, because they can be transferred into malt and beer. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) in malting barley grains from the main producing region of Argentina during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons.RESULTSThe most frequent mycotoxin was AOH (64%), which was detected at higher levels (712 μg kg−1) compared with other studies, followed by TeA (37%, 1522 μg kg−1), while AME was present in five samples in the 2015 growing season only, with a mean of 4876 μg kg−1. A similar frequency of mycotoxin occurrence was observed in both years (80.8 vs 85.3%), but more diverse contamination was found in 2015, which was characterized by lower accumulated precipitation. Nevertheless, AOH was more frequently found in 2014 than in 2015 (80.8 and 47.1% respectively). A negative correlation between AOH concentration and temperature was observed. The susceptibility of different barley varieties to mycotoxin accumulation varied with the mycotoxin, geographical location and meteorological conditions.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present work represent a tool for risk assessment of exposition to these mycotoxins and could be used by food safety authorities to determine the need for their regulation. Furthermore, the establishment of a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system to minimize fungal and mycotoxin contamination in barley from farm to processing could be apply to ensure food safety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Profiles in Traumatized Refugees
Authors: Liddell Belinda J. , Nickerson Angela , Felmingham Kim L. , Malhi Gin S. , Cheung Jessica , Den Miriam , Askovic Mirjana , Coello Mariano , Aroche Jorge , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough it is well documented that exposure to severe, cumulative trauma and postdisplacement stress increases the risk for posttraumatic stress symptom disorder (PTSD), less is known about the representation and predictors of complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms in refugee populations. We examined PTSD and CPTSD symptom profiles (co‐occurring PTSD and disturbances in self‐organization [DSO] symptoms) and their premigration, postmigration, and demographic predictors, using latent class analysis (LCA), in a cohort of 112 refugees resettled in Australia. The LCA identified a four‐factor model as the best fit to the data, comprising classes categorized as: (a) CPTSD, exhibiting high levels of PTSD and DSO symptoms (29.5%); (b) PTSD only (23.5%); (c) high affective dysregulation (AD) symptoms (31.9%); and (d) low PTSD and DSO symptoms (15.1%). Membership in the CPTSD and PTSD classes was specifically associated with cumulative traumatization, CPTSD OR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.15, 2.12], and PTSD OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.15, 2.34]; and female gender, CPTSD OR = 14.18, 95% CI [1.66, 121.29], and PTSD OR = 16.84, 95% CI [1.78, 159.2], relative to the low‐symptom class. Moreover, CPTSD and AD class membership was significantly predicted by insecure visa status, CPTSD OR = 7.53, 95% CI [1.26, 45.08], and AD OR = 7.19, 95% CI [1.23, 42.05]. These findings are consistent with the ICD‐11 model of CPTSD and highlight the contributions of cumulative trauma to CPTSD and PTSD profiles as well as of contextual stress from visa uncertainty to DSO symptom profiles in refugee cohorts, particularly those characterized by AD.
Taxon‐specific dark survival of diatoms and flagellates affects Arctic phytoplankton composition during the polar night and early spring
Authors: van de Poll Willem H. , Abdullah Edwin , Visser Ronald J. W. , Fischer Philipp , Buma Anita G. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEffects of prolonged darkness on Arctic phytoplankton composition were investigated with lab experiments and a pigment time series in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (78°55′N). Chlorophyll a (Chl a), pigment composition, particulate organic carbon, cell numbers, and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in Arctic diatoms (Thalassiosira antarctica, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii) and flagellates (Rhodomonas sp., Micromonas sp.) during 8 weeks of darkness and subsequent recovery in irradiance. Loss of photosynthetic functionality after 2 weeks of darkness was reversible in all species when returned to irradiance. Diatoms were more resistant to prolonged darkness (> 2 weeks) compared to the flagellates, with lower decline rates of Chl a and maximum quantum yield of PSII. T. nordenskioeldii showed rapid growth during recovery throughout 8 weeks of dark incubation, whereas recovery of flagellates diminished within 4 weeks. Ratios of taxonomic marker pigments relative to Chl a of all species showed limited variation during 8 weeks of dark incubation. The experimentally observed enhanced dark survival of diatoms was in agreement with pigment observations during four polar nights (2013–2017) in Kongsfjorden, which showed increased relative diatom abundance during declining biomass (down to 0.02 mg Chl a m−3). Therefore, a period of prolonged darkness gives Arctic diatoms a head start during the early stages of the spring bloom. The taxon‐specific survival traits can influence the geographical distribution of diatoms and flagellates within the polar oceans and their phenology. Furthermore, the persistence of Chl a of nonviable phytoplankton during darkness might influence biomass estimates during the polar night.
Frame properties of operator orbits
Authors: Christensen Ole , Hasannasab Marzieh , Philipp Friedrich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider sequences in a Hilbert space of the form , with a linear operator T, the index set being either or , a vector , and answer the following two related questions: (a) Which frames for are of this form with an at least closable operator T? and (b) For which bounded operators T and vectors f0 is a frame for ? As a consequence of our results, it turns out that an overcomplete Gabor or wavelet frame can never be written in the form with a bounded operator T. The corresponding problem for remains open. Despite the negative result for Gabor and wavelet frames, the results demonstrate that the class of frames that can be represented in the form with a bounded operator T is significantly larger than what could be expected from the examples known so far.
OSuvm: An interactive online consensus survival tool for uveal melanoma prognosis analysis
Authors: Wang Fengling , Wang Qiang , Li Ning , Ge Linna , Yang Mengsi , An Yang , Zhang Guosen , Dong Huan , Ji Shaoping , Zhu Wan , Guo Xiangqian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is a rare, aggressive, but the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and up to 50% of patients develop a tendency of liver metastases. Great efforts have been made to develop biomarkers that facilitate diagnosis, prediction of the risk, and response to treatment of UM. However, a biologically informative and highly accurate gold standard system for prognostic evaluation of UM remains to be established. To facilitate assessment of the prognosis of UM patients, we established a user‐friendly Online consensus Survival tool for uveal melanoma, named OSuvm, by which users can easily estimate the prognostic values of genes of interest by the Kaplan‐Meier survival plot with hazard ratio and log‐rank test. OSuvm comprises four independent cohorts including 229 patients with both gene expression profiles and relevant clinical follow‐up information, and it has shown great performance in evaluating the prognostic roles of previously reported biomarkers. Using OSuvm enables researchers and clinicians to rapidly and conveniently explore the prognostic value of genes of interest and develop new potential molecular biomarkers for UM. OSuvm can be accessed at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/UVM/UVMList.jsp.