bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency of exon 20 S768I EGFR mutation detected in malignant pleural effusions: A poor prognosticator of NSCLC
Authors: D'Souza George , Dhar Chirag , Kyalanoor Vishal , Yadav Lokendra , Sharma Mugdha , Nawaz S Mohammad , Srivastava Sweta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the cause of a fourth of all cancer‐related deaths. About a third of all lung adenocarcinoma tumours harbour mutations on exons 18 to 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Detection of these mutations allows for targeted therapies in the form of EGFR Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, “liquid biopsies” have emerged as an alternative to conventional tissue mutation detection.AimIn this pilot study, we attempted to optimize EGFR mutation detection from malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) as “liquid biopsies” when tissue biopsies were unavailable. Resulting mutations were then to be mapped on the EGFR gene and explored using cBioPortal, a public cancer genomic database.Methods and resultsWe first attempted a direct sequencing approach and showed that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were likely to be missed in MPEs. We then switched to and optimized an EGFR mutant‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based assay. This assay was piloted on n = 10 pleural effusion samples (one non‐malignant pleural effusion as a negative control). 5/9 (55.55%) samples harboured EGFR mutations with 2/9 (22.22%) being exon 19 deletions and 3/9 (33.33%) the S768I mutation. The frequency of the S768I SNV in our study was significantly higher than that observed in other studies (~0.2%). Utilizing cBioPortal data, we report that patients with S768I have a shorter median survival time (6 months vs 38 months), progression‐free survival time (8 months vs 44 months) and lower tumor mutation count compared to patients with other EGFR mutations.ConclusionsThe shorter survival of patients with the S768I SNV predicts aggressive disease and poor prognosis as a result of this mutation. Studies in larger cohorts and/or animal models are necessary to confirm these findings.
Canola yield, forage accumulation, and nutritive value in dual‐purpose and companion cropping
Authors: Holman Johnathon , Assefa Yared , Stamm Michael , Obour Augustine K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWinter canola (Brassica napus L.) production has increased in the Great Plains as producers seek a rotational and alternative crop to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L). However, limited information is available if canola could be used for dual‐purpose without significantly affecting grain yield. The objectives of this study were to (a) investigate dual‐purpose potential and (b) impact of companion crops on growth, survival, biomass, and grain yield of canola. The study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at Garden City, KS. The experimental design of the study was a randomized complete block design with split‐plot arrangement. Main plot treatments were a factorial of canola cultivars (Griffin or Wichita) and companion crop treatments (none, spring triticale [× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus], winter triticale, radish [Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin], and turnip [Brassica rapa var. rapa L.]), and the split‐plot treatments were single‐purpose (grain only) or dual‐purpose (grain and forage) management. Averaged across cultivars and years, grain yield was 70% greater when canola was used for single‐purpose (grain‐only) compared with dual‐purpose. Griffin grain yield tended to be relatively greater than Wichita in dual‐purpose use. Averaged across the two years, turnip as a companion crop decreased canola yield by 38% but resulted in greater forage accumulation. In conclusion, dual‐purpose canola has a grain yield penalty, but effects may vary by cultivar. Companion cropping did not benefit canola and in some cases negatively affected grain yield. When grain production is the primary objective, both companion cropping and forage use should be avoided.
Dietary supplementation of extracts of red sea weed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) improves growth, intestinal morphology, expression of intestinal genes and immune responses in broiler chickens
Authors: Paul Shyam Sundar , Vantharam Venkata Hemanth Giri Rao , Raju Mantena VLN , Rama Rao Savaram V , Nori Sri Sailaja , Suryanarayan Shrikumar , Kumar Vikas , Perveen Zeba , Prasad Cadaba Srinivas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffects of supplementation of dried alkaline (referred to as MVP1) and aqueous (referred to as PBD1) extracts of Kappaphycus alvarezii, were evaluated in broiler (Vencobb 400) chickens (1–35 days post‐hatch). In experiment I, each of the seven diets (basal diet with three levels (0.5, 1.5 or 5.0 g kg−1 diet) of MVP1 or PBD1 and a negative control was fed to 12 pen replicates containing five birds in each. In experiment II, each of three diets [a negative control, and PBD1 at two levels (1.0 or 1.5 g kg−1 diet)] was fed to 16 pen replicates of five chicks in each.RESULTSConcentrations of total phenolics, phycobillins and free radical scavenging activity were higher (P < 0.01) whereas carrageenan was lower in PBD1 than in MVP1. In the experiment I, PBD1 at 1.5 g kg−1 diet improved (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) (7.11% higher). In the experiment II, both the treatments improved (P < 0.01) BW (9.18% and 8.47%, respectively) compared to the control. The group fed with PBD1@ 1.0 g kg−1 had higher (P < 0.05) haemagglutination inhibition titre, expression of intestinal claudin 2, TLR2A, NOD1, avian beta defensin 4, interleukin 2 and interleukin 6 genes than control. Treatments did not influence feed efficiency or levels of most of the antioxidant enzymes. Villus width and crypt depth were significantly higher in the group fed with 1.5 g kg−1 of PBD1.CONCLUSIONSupplementing dried aqueous extract of K. alvarezii at 1 g kg−1 diet may be an effective strategy to increase growth and immunity in broiler chickens. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetic resonance angiography reveals increased arterial blood supply and tumorigenesis following high fat feeding in a mouse model of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Mustafi Devkumar , Valek Rebecca , Fitch Michael , Werner Victoria , Fan Xiaobing , Markiewicz Erica , Fernandez Sully , Zamora Marta , Mueller Jeffrey , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Conzen Suzanne D. , Brady Matthew J. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women globally. Past MRI studies have linked a high animal fat diet (HAFD) to increased mammary cancer risk in the SV40Tag mouse model of triple‐negative breast cancer. Here, serial MRI examines tumor progression and measures the arterial blood volume feeding mammary glands in low fat diet (LFD) or HAFD fed mice.Virgin female C3(1)SV40Tag mice (n = 8), weaned at 3 weeks old, were assigned to an LFD (n = 4, 3.7 kcal/g, 17.2% kcal from vegetable oil) or an HAFD (n = 4, 5.3 kcal/g, 60% kcal from lard) group. From ages 8 to 12 weeks, weekly fast spin echo MR images and time‐of‐flight (TOF) MR angiography of inguinal mammary glands were acquired at 9.4 T. Following in vivo MRI, mice were sacrificed. Inguinal mammary glands were excised and fixed for ex vivo MRI and histology. Tumor, blood, and mammary gland volumes for each time point were measured from manually traced regions of interest; tumors were classified as invasive by histopathology‐blinded observers.Our analysis confirmed a strong correlation between total tumor volume and blood volume in the mammary gland. Tumor growth rates from weeks 8‐12 were twice as high in HAFD‐fed mice (0.42 ± 0.14/week) as in LFD‐fed mice (0.21 ± 0.03/week), p < 0.004. Mammary gland blood volume growth rate was 2.2 times higher in HAFD mice (0.29 ± 0.11/week) compared with LFD mice (0.13 ± 0.06/week), p < 0.02. The mammary gland growth rate of HAFD‐fed mice (0.071 ± 0.011/week) was 2.7 times larger than that of LFD‐fed mice (0.026 ± 0.009/week), p < 0.01.This is the first non‐invasive, in vivo MRI study to demonstrate a strong correlation between an HAFD and increased cancer burden and blood volume in mammary cancer without using contrast agents, strengthening the evidence supporting the adverse effects of an HAFD on mammary cancer. These results support the potential future use of TOF angiography to evaluate vasculature of suspicious lesions.
Finite‐time optimal pinning control and synchronization for partially interdependent networks
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Tu Lilan , Guo Tianjiao 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFor partially interdependent networks composed of two subnetworks, the finite‐time optimal pinning control problem is investigated. Among them, only a part of the nodes between the two subnetworks are interdependent on each other. In the network, the coupling relationship between any two nodes of the network is a continuous nonlinear function. Based on the pinning control, the optimal control theory, Kalman's controllability rank conditions, and introducing the Lagrange function and applying controllers to the partial nodes of the network, we propose some characterization indicators which ensure that the two subnetworks of partially interdependent networks can synchronize to the equilibrium points of their isolate systems, separately. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed on the partially interdependent networks including two small world subnetworks. The results show that the optimal pinning control method proposed in this article can greatly reduce the control costs and achieve the ideal synchronous status quickly.
Properties of sugarcane fiber/polyurethane‐crosslinked epoxy composites under different interfacial treatments
Authors: Liu Kuan‐Liang , Lai Sun‐Mou , Han Jin‐Lin , Hsieh Kuo‐Huang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of the ultrasonic/mechanical stirring method (physical treatment) and 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPS, chemical treatment) modifications on the sugarcane fiber (SGF)/epoxy composites was investigated to improve the interfacial interaction between fiber and epoxy resin. An optimum concentration GPS at 2 wt% was found for the best improvement in tensile strength at 40 wt% SGF content based on the evaluation of GPS content, indicating the role of GPS as an effective coupling agent. Overall, the best improvement in tensile strength was observed for GPS‐modified cases, and particularly tensile strength reached up to 32.9 MPa at 50 wt% of fiber content. In addition, three types of Polyurethane (PU)‐modified epoxy with different polyols at various SGFs contents were investigated. In all cases, the tensile strength of SGF/PU‐epoxy cases was higher than that of SGF/epoxy cases due to the relatively lower viscosity of PU‐epoxy to easily wet the SGF surface. In general, impact strength for samples without physical or chemical treatment also ranked the lowest value in most cases. The enhanced interfacial interaction between SGF and epoxy for surface‐modified cases was suggested through the morphology observation, dynamical mechanical analysis, and the onset degradation improvement in thermal stability.
Biodegradable Catalase‐Modified Micelles as Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Inflammation Detection
Authors: Su Peifeng , Wu Hongxin , Wang Zhen , Lei Hongxiang , Zhang Shiyu , Wang Shuanghu , Li Yingjia , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOverproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a characteristic feature for inflammation and cancer. Ultrasonography is a safe and effective clinical diagnosis method to identify inflammation, yet a fully biodegradable ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) system that is able to reflect the pathophysiological level of H2O2 at diseased tissue with high sensitivity is still scarce. Herein, a self‐assembled biodegradable catalase‐modified poly(ethylene glycol)44‐b‐poly(lactic acid)100 (PEG‐b‐PLA) micelle (Cat‐PEG‐PLA) is presented as a sensitive ultrasound contrast agent. It is found that the imaging effect of Cat‐PEG‐PLA is remarkable with an obvious enhancement of ultrasound echogenic signal even in an ultralow (0.33 × 10−3 m) inflammation‐relevant H2O2 concentration environment, close to or even lower than the reported lowest ultrasound detectable concentration limits. The ultrasonography of collagen‐induced arthritis rat model’s articular cavity by the Cat‐PEG‐PLA micelle platform is demonstrated, showing highly promising results. Therefore, with superior detection sensitivity and contrast, the system detects H2O2 in arthritis rat model with full biodegradability, providing a novel, safe, and translatable platform for arthritis diagnosis.
Synergism and unintended effects of the association between imidacloprid and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the management of Euschistus heros
Authors: Rodrigues Hígor S , Haddi Khalid , Campos Mateus O , Ferreira‐Filho Noelio A , Guedes Raul Narciso C , Newland Philip L , Oliveira Eugênio E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of insecticidal solutions containing sodium chloride (NaCl) has been proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative to managing stink bug infestations of Neotropical soybean fields. The potential sublethal and undesirable effects of this practice have, however, been overlooked, especially with novel insecticides. Here, we have evaluated experimentally whether the addition of NaCl (0.5% w/v) to imidacloprid‐containing solutions could alter insecticide toxicity and modify the reproductive responses of the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros.RESULTSAdding NaCl to imidacloprid solutions significantly increased imidacloprid toxicity against E. heros. The exposure to E. heros to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid affected the insect's mating abilities in a concentration‐dependent manner. The addition of NaCl to solutions containing imidacloprid at concentrations as low as 0.126 μg a.i. cm−2 (i.e. the equivalent to 3% of field rate recommendation) also impacted the sexual behavior of E. heros, reducing mating duration. NaCl‐exposed stink bugs, however, exhibited higher fecundity and fertility rates than those insects that were unexposed to NaCl or those that were exposed to sublethal levels of imidacloprid only.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of low amounts of NaCl resulted in a higher toxicity of imidacloprid. This practice, however, can also lead to undesirable effects as increasing reproductive output of E. heros that can potentially compromise the management of these insect pests.
Design of linear parameter varying quadratic regulator in polynomial chaos framework
Authors: Hsu Shao‐Chen , Bhattacharya Raktim 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYWe present a new theoretical framework for designing linear parameter varying (LPV) controllers in the polynomial chaos (PC) framework. We assume the scheduling variable to be random and apply the PC approach to synthesize the controller for the resulting linear stochastic dynamical system. Two algorithms are presented that minimize the performance objective with respect to the stochastic system. The first algorithm is based on the Galerkin projection, and the second algorithm is based on the stochastic collocation. LPV controllers from both algorithms are shown to compare with Monte Carlo method and ROLMIP for a nonlinear missile system.
Fatal injuries and economic development in the population sample of Central and Eastern European Countries: the perspective of adolescents
Authors: Miovsky Michal , Gavurova Beata , Ivankova Viera , Rigelsky Martin , Sejvl Jaroslav 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Researches consider the young generation (adolescents) to be the population group whose mortality from injury has the lowest effect on economic growth. The objective was to evaluate the relations between economic indicators and preventable injury mortality in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), with a primary focus on adolescents.

Methods
The analyses included health indicators of preventable injury mortality and economic indicators that represent human development and economic growth in the CEECs from 1990 to 2016. The analytical process involved a population group divided by age (0–14 years: children, 15–24 years: adolescents, 25–74 years: adults) and gender. Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and primarily panel regression analysis were used.

Results
Significant effects of economic indicators on drowning were found in all analysed relations. In the group of adolescents, significant effects of fatal falls were found. Overall, it can be concluded that the effects of fatal injuries are not homogenous between age and gender groups.

Conclusions
The effects of years and individual countries should be taken into account in the cross-sectional analyses. In terms of economic growth, public policies should focus on drowning in children, on falls in adolescents and on transport accidents, fire injuries and poisoning in adults.
Unsupervised evaluation of multiple node ranks by reconstructing local structures
Authors: Krasanakis Emmanouil , Papadopoulos Symeon , Kompatsiaris Yiannis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA problem that frequently occurs when mining complex networks is selecting algorithms with which to rank the relevance of nodes to metadata groups characterized by a small number of examples. The best algorithms are often found through experiments on labeled networks or unsupervised structural community quality measures. However, new networks could exhibit characteristics different from the labeled ones, whereas structural community quality measures favor dense congregations of nodes but not metadata groups spanning a wide breadth of the network. To avoid these shortcomings, in this work we propose using unsupervised measures that assess node rank quality across multiple metadata groups through their ability to reconstruct the local structures of network nodes; these are retrieved from the network and not assumed. Three types of local structures are explored: linked nodes, nodes up to two hops away and nodes forming triangles. We compare the resulting measures alongside unsupervised structural community quality ones to the AUC and NDCG of supervised evaluation in one synthetic and four real-world labelled networks. Our experiments suggest that our proposed local structure measures are often more accurate for unsupervised pairwise comparison of ranking algorithms, especially when few example nodes are provided. Furthermore, the ability to reconstruct the extended neighborhood, which we call HopAUC, manages to select a near-best among many ranking algorithms in most networks.
The Precariousness of Protection: Civilian Defense Groups Countering Boko Haram in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Agbiboa Daniel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor all the academic and policy interest in Nigeria’s Boko Haram insurgency, the coping strategies of civilians who survive amid everyday violence have received relatively little attention. Focusing on the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), a pro-government militia fighting Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, Agbiboa explores how and why the group emerged, the nature of its relationship with the state and local communities, and how counterinsurgent vigilantism affects the prospects for peace. A focus on vigilantes and civil militias vis-à-vis the state points to the vital role of civil-military cooperation for effective counterinsurgency campaigns and for reducing state violence against civilians. At the same time, it underscores the precariousness of protection both in terms of increasing the targeting of civilians by vengeful insurgents as well as the tendency for civilian defense groups to “turn bad” and become threats to the communities they were expected to protect.
Design of Hybrid Reconstruction Scheme for Compressible Flow Using Data-Driven Methods
Authors: Salazar A. , Xiao F. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTExisting numerical schemes used to solve the governing equations for compressible flow suffer from dissipation errors which tend to smear out sharp discontinuities. Hybrid schemes show potential improvements in this challenging problem; however, the solution quality of a hybrid scheme heavily depends on the criterion to switch between the different candidate reconstruction functions. This work presents a new type of switching criterion (or selector) using machine learning techniques. The selector is trained with randomly generated samples of continuous and discontinuous data profiles, using the exact solution of the governing equation as a reference. Neural networks and random forests were used as the machine learning frameworks to train the selector, and it was later implemented as the indicator function in a hybrid scheme which includes THINC and WENO-Z as the candidate reconstruction functions. The trained selector has been verified to be effective as a reliable switching criterion in the hybrid scheme, which significantly improves the solution quality for both advection and Euler equations.
Pricing Models for German Wine: Hedonic Regression vs. Machine Learning
Authors: Niklas Britta , Rinke Wolfram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines whether there are different hedonic price models for different German wines by grape variety, and identifies influential factors that focus on weather variables and direct and indirect quality measures for wine prices. A log linear regression model is first applied only for Riesling, and then machine learning is used to find hedonic price models for Riesling, Silvaner, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Noir. Machine learning exhibits slightly greater explanatory power, suggests adding additional variables, and allows for a more detailed interpretation of results. Gault&Millau points are shown to have a significant positive impact on German wine prices. The log linear approach suggests a huge effect of different quality categories on the wine prices for Riesling with the highest price premiums for Auslese and “Beerenauslese/Trockenbeerenauslese/Eiswein (Batbaice),” while the machine learning model shows, that additionally the alcohol level has a positive effect on wines in the quality categories “QbA,” “Kabinett,” and “Spätlese,” and a mostly negative one in the categories “Auslese” and “Batbaice.” Weather variables exert different affects per grape variety, but all grape varieties have problems coping with rising maximum temperatures in the winter and with rising minimum and maximum temperatures in the harvest season. (JEL Classifications: C45, L11, Q11)
Social capital across the life course: Accumulation, diminution, or segregation?
Authors: Volker Beate 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines changes in individual social capital during adult life within a 19-year period. Social capital theory and life course theory are combined, and it is argued that changes in social networks do not necessarily go together with changes in social capital: while personal networks are known to decline in size with age, social capital can be expected to accumulate, in particular for those who had a better starting position and therefore more resources to share. Panel data from the survey of the social networks of the Dutch (SSND) (1999–2018) at four points of measurement are employed to inquire into this argument. Social capital is measured by the position generator instrument, and three indicators, that is, resource extensity, mean prestige access, and resource range are analyzed. Results of fixed effect models show that, on average, people maintain access to social capital, and that men and higher educated gain social capital through their life as opposed to women and lower educated. Implications for the understanding of the reproduction of social inequality are discussed. The paper concludes with a reflection upon the value of ego-centered network analysis in the era of big data and data science.