bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of aging and antioxidants on photoreactivity and phototoxicity of human melanosomes: An in vitro study
Authors: Olchawa Magdalena M. , Szewczyk Grzegorz M. , Zadlo Andrzej C. , Krzysztynska‐Kuleta Olga I. , Sarna Tadeusz J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAging may significantly modify antioxidant and photoprotective properties of melanin in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, photoreactivity of melanosomes (MS), isolated from younger and older human donors with and without added zeaxanthin and α‐tocopherol, was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, time‐resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence, and protein oxidation assay. The phototoxic potential of ingested melanosomes was examined in ARPE‐19 cells exposed to blue light. Phagocytosis of FITC‐labeled photoreceptor outer segments (POS) isolated from bovine retinas was determined by flow cytometry. Irradiation of cells fed MS induced significant inhibition of the specific phagocytosis with the effect being stronger for melanosomes from older than from younger human cohorts, and enrichment of the melanosomes with antioxidants reduced the inhibitory effect. Cellular protein photooxidation was more pronounced in samples containing older melanosomes, and it was diminished by antioxidants. This study suggests that blue light irradiated RPE melanosomes could induce substantial inhibition of the key function of the cells—their specific phagocytosis. The data indicate that while photoreactivity of MS and their phototoxic potential increase with age, they could be reduced by selected natural antioxidants.
Type I Photosensitized Oxidation of Methionine†
Authors: Castaño Carolina , Thomas Andrés H. , Lorente Carolina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethionine (Met) is an essential sulfur‐containing amino acid, sensitive to oxidation. The oxidation of Met can occur by numerous pathways, including enzymatic modifications and oxidative stress, being able to cause relevant alterations in protein functionality. Under UV radiation, Met may be oxidized by direct absorption (below 250 nm) or by photosensitized reactions. Herein, kinetics of the reaction and identification of products during photosensitized oxidation were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism for the degradation of Met under UV‐A irradiation using pterins, pterin (Ptr) and 6‐methylpterin (Mep), as sensitizers. The process begins with an electron transfer from Met to the triplet‐excited state of the photosensitizer (Ptr or Mep), to yield the corresponding pair of radicals, Met radical cation (Met•+) and the radical anion of the sensitizer (Sens•−). In air‐equilibrated solutions, Met•+ incorporates one or two atoms of oxygen to yield methionine sulfoxide (MetO) and methionine sulfone (MetO2), whereas Sens•− reacts with O2 to recover the photosensitizer and generate superoxide anion (O2•−). In anaerobic conditions, further free‐radical reactions lead to the formation of the corresponding dihydropterin derivatives (H2Ptr or H2Mep).
Infectious diseases and treatment solutions of farmed greater amberjack Seriola dumerili with particular emphasis in Mediterranean region
Authors: Rigos George , Katharios Pantelis , Kogiannou Dimitra , Cascarano Chiara M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGreater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a very promising candidate for the diversification of the Mediterranean aquaculture due to its high demand, excellent flesh quality and high market prices. Its production expansion has, however, failed so far, due to several bottlenecks mainly related to pathology. This review addresses the major pathogens, which hinder the culture of greater amberjack with special focus in the Mediterranean region, and highlights possible treatment solutions. Among the important recorded pathogens of caged greater amberjack in the Mediterranean, the gill monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae seems to be the most problematic, causing significant losses. While formalin immersions are inefficient to combat this parasite, baths with hydrogen peroxide are extremely effective and praziquantel administration could be a more practical in‐feed treatment solution. The digenean blood flukes, Paradeontacylix spp., also account for important losses in greater amberjack farms in the same region. Dietary administration of praziquantel constitutes an effective therapeutic measure against those infections. Vibrio harveyi is also a bacterial pathogen severely affecting fish maintained both in land‐based facilities and in cages, whereas Epitheliocystis is a disease reported frequently that can be fatal when it occurs at early stages. Skin flukes such as Benedenia seriolae and Neobenedenia girellae as well as other parasites bacteria and viruses mentioned herein, which have caused substantial losses in Asian enterprises, but have not been identified yet in greater amberjack farmed in the Mediterranean, should be considered as potential threats.
The (changing) consideration of social investment in the design of welfare benefits: The case of poverty relief in Austria
Authors: Heitzmann Karin , Matzinger Sandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe social investment perspective has become a prominent topic in both social policy discussions and theoretical considerations regarding welfare state change. Empirical evidence on how this perspective has affected welfare state provision is much scarcer—and sometimes contradictory. This article aims to assess whether welfare state benefits increasingly have incorporated elements of social investment, and what has triggered the reforms made to the benefits. To achieve these aims, we examined two poverty relief benefits in Austria, namely, unemployment assistance and social assistance. We scrutinized changes made to these benefits from 2000 onwards. To identify their (potentially changing) contributions towards social investment, we applied a framework that considers the economic aims of the paradigm (while neglecting other aims). According to this framework, a social investment benefit intends to improve the human capital of its recipients, enhance their employability, and/or enhance their employment integration. The findings suggest that the three elements of social investment were particularly relevant in reforming social assistance. However, the changes implemented were incoherent and do not support the hypothesis of an ever‐increasing significance of social investment. The main triggers for reform were the political ideologies of (changing) governments. These ideologies determined the direction of changes made to both social assistance and unemployment assistance. If social investment thus ought to be more than just a theoretical concept or a nonbinding policy recommendation, modifications made to welfare state benefits would need to follow a more coherent path. Regarding poor relief benefits, Austria has not pursued such a track (yet).
Offering new and returned donors the option to give plasma: implications for donor retention and donor adverse events
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Davison Tanya E. , Speedy Joanna , Hoad Veronica , Masser Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesIn 2018, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood changed its plasmapheresis eligibility criteria to allow donors to donate plasma without the requirement of a prior successful whole blood donation. This study evaluated the impact of this policy change on donor retention and donor safety.Materials and MethodsAll donors who had attempted to give their first plasma or whole blood donation from January to June 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Donor characteristics and adverse events were analysed for this index donation, and the cohort was followed for 18 months to analyse time to return, subsequent donation frequency and predictors of return.ResultsMale and younger donors provided a significantly greater proportion of first donation plasma than females and older donors. New donors who gave plasma had the highest rate of donor adverse events, including vasovagal reactions and phlebotomy injuries. Nevertheless, donor retention was not affected, with more new donors returning and at a greater subsequent donation frequency after a plasma donation compared to new donors donating whole blood. First‐time plasma donors who had previously donated whole blood, however, had greater and quicker rates of return, and more subsequent donations.ConclusionOffering new donors the option to give plasma had a positive effect on donor return and subsequent donation frequency. Removing the requirement of a prior whole blood donation is a viable way to increase plasma collections although the combined effect of new donor status and plasmapheresis procedure on adverse event risk needs to be considered.
Sensitivity of Thermal Predictions to Uncertain Surface Tension Data in Laser Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Coleman J. , Plotkowski A. , Stump B. , Raghavan N. , Sabau A. S. , Krane M. J. M. , Heigel J. , Ricker R. E. , Levine L. , Babu S. S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To understand the process-microstructure relationships in additive manufacturing (AM), it is necessary to predict the solidification characteristics in the melt pool. This study investigates the influence of Marangoni driven fluid flow on the predicted melt pool geometry and solidification conditions using a continuum finite volume model. A calibrated laser absorptivity was determined by comparing the model predictions (neglecting fluid flow) against melt pool dimensions obtained from single laser melt experiments on a nickel super alloy 625 (IN625) plate. Using this calibrated efficiency, predicted melt pool geometries agree well with experiments across a range of process conditions. When fluid mechanics is considered, a surface tension gradient recommended for IN625 tends to overpredict the influence of convective heat transfer, but the use of an intermediate value reported from experimental measurements of a similar nickel super alloy produces excellent experimental agreement. Despite its significant effect on the melt pool geometry predictions, fluid flow was found to have a small effect on the predicted solidification conditions compared to processing conditions. This result suggests that under certain circumstances, a model only considering conductive heat transfer is sufficient for approximating process-microstructure relationships in laser AM. Extending the model to multiple laser passes further showed that fluid flow also has a small effect on the solidification conditions compared to the transient variations in the process. Limitations of the current model and areas of improvement, including uncertainties associated with the phenomenological model inputs are discussed.
Effect of an Exergaming-Based Dance Training Paradigm on Autonomic Nervous System Modulation in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Varas-Diaz Gonzalo , Subramaniam Savitha , Delgado Larissa , Phillips Shane A. , Bhatt Tanvi 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine if an exergaming-based dance training protocol can improve heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy older adults. A total of 20 healthy older adults (≥65 years old) were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received an exergaming-based dance aerobic training for 6 weeks, while the control group received a 1-hr education on conventional physical exercises. Data obtained from HRV analysis pre- (Week 0) and postintervention (Week 7) consisted of high-frequency power, low- and high-frequency ratio, and root mean square of differences and percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms values. HRV was assessed during rest and during a 6-min walk test. In addition, the YMCA submaximal cycle ergometer test was used to acquire estimated maximal O2 consumption pre- and postintervention. After the training, the intervention group showed significant improvement in HRV high-frequency power, root mean square of differences, and percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms values in both rest and 6-min walk test conditions compared with the control group. Similarly, the intervention group showed higher maximal O2 consumption compared with the control group after the training. Our results support the effectiveness of an exergaming-based dance aerobic training on improving cardiac autonomic control in aging.
The Effect of Foam Rolling Versus IASTM on Knee Range of Motion, Fascial Displacement, and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Sandrey Michelle A. , Lancellotti Cody , Hester Cory 
Published: July 2020

Context: Soft tissue restrictions have been linked to poor flexibility and decreased range of motion (ROM). To decrease the soft tissue restrictions and ultimately increase ROM/flexibility, myofascial release techniques, such as foam rolling (FR) and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), have been used. However, the benefit regarding which technique is more beneficial remains unknown. Objective: To examine the effects of myofascial release techniques (FR vs the instrumented portion of IASTM) on knee joint ROM, rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) fascial displacement, and patient satisfaction. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Mid-Atlantic University. Participants: Twenty moderately active participants (age 21.1 [2.0] y) with variable levels of soft tissue restriction in the quadriceps and hamstrings started and completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups, FR or IASTM. Interventions: All participants completed the same warm-up prior to the intervention. The FR group followed the proper FR protocol for gluteals/iliotibial band, quadriceps, and hamstrings/adductors, and the participants were monitored while the protocol was completed. The IASTM group received treatment on the gluteals/iliotibial band followed by the quadriceps, adductors, and hamstrings. Participants in both groups attended intervention sessions twice per week for 3 weeks. Prior to the start, knee ROM measurements were taken, along with fascial displacement measured via ultrasound. Upon completion of the study, posttest measurements were completed. A patient satisfaction survey was also administered at this time. Main Outcome Measures: Pretest to posttest knee ROM measurements, RF and BF fascial displacement, and patient satisfaction. Results: Both groups improved pretest to posttest for knee-extension ROM, with a slight trend toward increased knee-extension ROM for the FR group. Both groups improved pretest to posttest for BF and RF fascial displacement, in favor of the IASTM group for BF fascial displacement. Both groups were equally satisfied. Conclusions: As both groups improved pretest to posttest, either treatment could be used.
Implementation of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model to Reduce Violent and Disruptive Behaviors in Adolescents Through Physical Activity: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J. , Gómez-Mármol Alberto , Valero-Valenzuela Alfonso , Courel-Ibáñez Javier 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To investigate how a physical activity education program based on the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model affected disruptive behaviors in teenagers. Method: A total of 338 students (13–15 years old) from the 672 recruited completed a 4-month TPSR-model-based program during their physical education lessons. Disruptive behavior was recorded through systematic observation. Results: The students from the TPSR-model-based group reduced their violent behaviors (physical aggressions, verbal aggressions, interrupting, and total behaviors) after the intervention, whereas the control group remained the same. Conclusions: The TPSR school-based intervention was efficient in improving coexistence in terms of decreasing violent behaviors (physical and verbal aggressions) and undisciplined behaviors (continual interruptions of lessons) in students. The novel approach used to objectively assess emerging behaviors enriched the quality and validity of the quantitative data. Future research should address the use of objective assessment when conducting TPSR-model-based programs.
The Influence of a Master’s Degree on the Socialization of Two Physical Education Professionals
Authors: Gaudreault Karen Lux , Richards K. Andrew R. , Simonton Kelly , Simonton Angela 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Building on research surrounding the occupational socialization of physical educators, scholars have begun asking questions about how physical educators are socialized within graduate programs both at the master’s and doctoral levels. As a part of a larger longitudinal investigation, the purpose of this study was to understand how participation in a research-focused masters’ program influenced the socialization of one in-service practitioner and one doctoral student over the 2-year period following degree completion. Method: Data sources included telephone focus group interviews, text message communication, and e-mail discussions. Data were analyzed inductively. Results: The data analysis resulted in the construction of the following themes: (a) developing independence, (b) enhanced theoretical knowledge, and (c) frustration and disenchantment with the profession. Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of leadership opportunities for doctoral candidates and beginning teachers, and the significance of relationship building for professional development.
Hospital-based chronic disease care model: protocol for an effectiveness and implementation evaluation
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Phua Jason , Lim Yee Wei 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionNovel and efficient healthcare approaches are needed to better serve increasingly older chronic disease patients. Many effective integrated chronic disease management strategies have emerged from the primary care sector. However, in many Asian and developing countries, primary care is underdeveloped, and patients prefer secondary-based services. The Integrated Generalist-led Hospital (IGH) care model is a new approach, which may be better suited for chronic disease patients in the local context.Methods and analysisA hybrid type I study on the effectiveness and implementation of the IGH care model will be conducted. Implementation evaluation will be informed by the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR). Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with staff, a staff survey, patient interviews, clinical outcomes and cost data. Clinical outcomes include the length of stay, readmission, emergency room visit rate and mortality. Clinical outcomes will be summarised and compared with a propensity-matched ‘usual care’ group (derived from the general medicine ward(s) at a separate hospital). The Kaplan-Meier approach will be used to estimate time until death and time until first readmission (both within 30 days of discharge) and time until discharge. Multivariate regression models will be used to investigate the association between the care model and occurrence of readmission, emergency room visit and death, all within 30 days of discharge. Qualitative data will be analysed using a thematic analysis method. Qualitative and quantitative data will also be coded according to the five domains of the CFIR.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (NHG DSRB 2019/00308). Results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference presentations. Findings will also be discussed with key stakeholders through local dissemination events.
Artificial intelligence mobile health platform for early detection of COVID-19 in quarantine subjects using a wearable biosensor: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wong Chun Ka , Ho Deborah Tip Yin , Tam Anthony Raymond , Zhou Mi , LAU Yuk Ming , Tang Milky Oi Yan , Tong Raymond Cheuk Fung , Rajput Kuldeep Singh , Chen Gengbo , Chan Soon Chee , SIU Chung Wah , Hung Ivan Fan Ngai 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere is an outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. As there is no effective therapy or vaccine yet, rigorous implementation of traditional public health measures such as isolation and quarantine remains the most effective tool to control the outbreak. When an asymptomatic individual with COVID-19 exposure is being quarantined, it is necessary to perform temperature and symptom surveillance. As such surveillance is intermittent in nature and highly dependent on self-discipline, it has limited effectiveness. Advances in biosensor technologies made it possible to continuously monitor physiological parameters using wearable biosensors with a variety of form factors.ObjectiveTo explore the potential of using wearable biosensors to continuously monitor multidimensional physiological parameters for early detection of COVID-19 clinical progression.MethodThis randomised controlled open-labelled trial will involve 200–1000 asymptomatic subjects with close COVID-19 contact under mandatory quarantine at designated facilities in Hong Kong. Subjects will be randomised to receive a remote monitoring strategy (intervention group) or standard strategy (control group) in a 1:1 ratio during the 14 day-quarantine period. In addition to fever and symptom surveillance in the control group, subjects in the intervention group will wear wearable biosensors on their arms to continuously monitor skin temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood oxygen saturation and daily activities. These physiological parameters will be transferred in real time to a smartphone application called Biovitals Sentinel. These data will then be processed using a cloud-based multivariate physiology analytics engine called Biovitals to detect subtle physiological changes. The results will be displayed on a web-based dashboard for clinicians’ review. The primary outcome is the time to diagnosis of COVID-19.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from institutional review boards at the study sites. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris randomised to an invasive versus conservative strategy: angiographic and procedural results from the After Eighty study
Authors: Tegn Nicolai , Eek Christian , Abdelnoor Michael , Aaberge Lars , Endresen Knut , Skårdal Rita , Berg Erlend Sturle , Gullestad Lars , Bendz Bjørn 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to report the angiographic and procedural results of the After Eighty study (ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01255540), and to identify independent predictors of revascularisation.MethodsPatients of ≥80 years old with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris were randomised to an invasive or conservative strategy. Angiographic and procedural results were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore variables predicting revascularisation.ResultsAmong 229 patients in the invasive group, 220 underwent immediate coronary angiography (90% performed via the radial artery). Of these patients, 48% had three-vessel disease or left main stenosis, 18% two-vessel disease, 16% one-vessel disease, 17% minor coronary vessel wall changes and two patients had normal coronary arteries. Six patients (3%) underwent coronary artery bypass graft. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 107 patients (49%), with 57% treated with bare metal stents, 37% drug-eluting stents and 6% balloon angioplasty. On average, 1.7 lesions were treated and 2 stents delivered per patient. Complications included 1 major PCI-related bleeding (successfully treated), 2 minor access site-related bleedings, 3 side branch occlusions during PCI and 11 periprocedural myocardial infarctions (considered end points). Sex, bundle branch block and smoking were independent predictors of revascularisation.ConclusionsPCI was performed in approximately half of the patients, similar to findings in younger populations. Procedural success was high, with few complications.Trial registration numberNCT01255540