bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Development Performances of Pecan Saplings in Aydin ecological Conditions
Authors: Dolgun Oguz , Tekıntas F. Ekmel , Bayram Suleyman , Kurtaslan Temur 
Published: November 2020

In this research, the sapling growth performances of Pecan cultivation in Aydın ecological conditions were investigated. "Burkett" Pecan rootstock and "Mahan14", "Wichita7" and "Choctaw2" pecan cultivars were used. Starting from the date of planting; Sapling stem diameters were measured 5 cm above the graft site. Diameters of rootstocks was measured 5 cm below the graft site, bud burst dates are determined (min %70 of buds), shoot diameters were measured at 15-day intervals from the place after the first two buds. Shoot lengths were measured at 15-day intervals. The measurements were carried out for 2 consecutive years. Repeared Measures Anova is used to determine whether there are significant differences in the data. The development difference between cultivars in both regions was investigated. In the analysis, averages of five replicate measurements in two years and 12 different periods. Pecan saplings showed a good development in the ecological conditions of Aydin (37°45′ 0″N - 28°0′0″E). These results show that in the province of Aydın, Pecan cultivation can be done except in very cold and very dry places. However, the study should be supported by future fruit productivity studies. The present research findings will be useful for regions with similar climatic conditions.
Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevention Knowledge among Adults Attending Public Health Facilities in Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugbe Ugbe Maurice-Joel , Mark Theresa Awa , Ubi Okoi Faith 
Published: November 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 5th most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in Nigeria. As with other cancers, CRC risk is multifactorial, including issues such as poor diet, obesity, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, age above 50 years, history of adenomatous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and family history of CRCs or polyps.
Aim: The study aimed to ascertain the level of knowledge of risk factors and preventive measures against CRC among adults attending health facilities in Obudu Local Government area Cross River State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A descriptive survey research design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: Urban health facilities in Obudu Local government area, Cross River state between 2017 and 2019.
Methodology: The sample of the study comprised 310 attendees of health facilities. A structured questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. Face validity was employed. The split-half method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument with thirty adults in a neighboring town.
Results: Findings showed that males had better knowledge of risk factors (75.3%) than females (45.8%); and males had better knowledge of prevention of CRC (82.1%) than females (57.2%), hence showing a significant association (P=.002, P=.003) between gender with knowledge of risk factors and prevention of CRC respectively. There were also significant associations between age (P=.007, .001) and educational level (P=.002, .006) with knowledge of risk factors and prevention of CRC respectively. This showed that younger ages and higher education were associated with better knowledge of CRC.
Conclusions: Less knowledgeable women and persons with low educational level should be targeted with messages on CRC. Health educators should intensify their health education campaign on the importance of screening as the major preventive measure against CRC at the household level. Government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should sponsor the provision of resources and screening facilities.
Knowledge and Preparedness on Corona Virus Pandemic among Healthcare Workers in Igembe South Health Facilities, Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Kubai P. K. , Ndiba M. P. , Ikiara L. K. , Karani C. K. 
Published: November 2020

Worldwide Corona virus outbreak has cause panic and enormous health and economic effects due to inadequate or lack of appropriate information about COVID -19.
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the Level of knowledge and Preparedness to Corona Virus (COVID –19) Pandemic among Health Workers in Igembe South, Meru County, Kenya.
Study Design: This was cross-sectional study was conducted to determine their Knowledge and Preparedness among HCWs on COVID-19 pandemic.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Igembe South Health Facilities between March and June 2020.
Methodology: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Igembe South Sub County of Meru County from March 2020 to June 2020 among 87 Health Care Workers to determine their Knowledge and Preparedness on COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected using structured Likert’s Scale questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain frequencies and distribution of the variables.
Results: The results shows that eight seven (87) health care workers with mean age of 34± 9 (SD) years with a minimum age of 19 years and maximum age of 60 years were recruited responded to the questions of the study. Among the 87 participants, 51 (58.6%) had at least a bachelor's degree, 30 (34.5%) participants had a diploma and 6 (6.9%) participants had a certificate. About 32 (36.8%) of the participants were nurses. Other professional disciplines included nutritionists, records officers, supporting staff, social workers among others. Majority of the facilities acknowledged receiving Ministry of Health guidelines and protocols on COVID-19 case management. Regarding knowledge of COVID -19 Almost half (48.3%) of the participants somewhat agreed that health care workers had knowledge of Corona Virus Pandemic, however, most of the respondents (50.6%) strongly disagreed that they are equipped with adequate Knowledge to manage severe Corona Case compared to (8%) respondents who strongly agreed that Corona Virus Incubation period is an average of 7 days and maximum of 14 days.
Conclusion: The study concludes that knowledge and preparedness level on COVID - 19 was above average, however, there is need for continuous professional development (CPD) training and support supervision for HCWs to ensure maintenance of appropriate practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further concludes that those with knowledge and are conversant with their respective areas of practice are at less risk, considering that inadequate knowledge is not only a risk factor for poor delivery of WHO approved COVID -19 guidelines met to prevent the spread of COVID -19, but also increases the occupational risk to health care workers.
Alleviation of Sodicity Stress in Green Gram and Black Gram Using Plant Growth Regulating Substances
Authors: Nithila S. , Amutha R. , Sivakumar R. 
Published: November 2020

Most of the pulses in India are grown in low fertility, problematic soils and unpredictable environmental conditions. Major issues in pulse production are poor establishment and low harvest index. In pulses harvest index is only 15-20%. Physiological manipulations such as spraying of hormones and nutrients that reduce flower drop and thereby facilitate large sink size. The objective of this research is to study the impact of Growth regulating substances on germination and establishment and economic yield of black gram and green gram under Sodic soil conditions. The study area is Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy. The nature of soil is sodicity with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 18.94% with pH of 9.02. The two crop varieties green gram VBN (Gg) 2 & black gram VBN (Bg) 6 were employed under sodic soil condition. Field experiment was conducted during late July to October 2017 under sodic soil condition with ten treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randamized Block Design with three replications. Foliar spray was given at flower initiation and pod initiation stages. Ten treatment combinations were employed by T1: Control, T2: Seed Treatment (ST) with Ammonium Molybdate (AM) 0.05% + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%. T3: AM 0.05% + Panchagavya -3.0%, T4: AM 0.05% + foliar spray of KCl -1%, T5: ST with GA3 50 ppm + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T6: GA3 50 ppm + Panchagavya -3.0%, T7: GA3 50 ppm + KCl -1%, T8: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T9: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +Panchagavya -3.0%, T10: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% + foliar spray of KCl -1%. In conclusion the yield enhancement in best treatment may be due to the presence of bioactive substances in sprouted cowpea extracts and panchagavya were found effective towards yield maximization.
An Empirical Evaluation of the Bilateral Non-oil Export Trade Balance between Nigeria and Egypt: A Test of Marshall-Lerner Condition
Authors: Omokugbo Obasanmi, Jude , Imahe O. J. 
Published: November 2020

Bilateral trade is the exchange of goods between two nations promoting trade and investment. The two countries will reduce or eliminate tariffs, import quotas, export restraints, and other trade barriers to encourage trade and investment. The Marshall-Lerner (M-L) condition which is at the heart of the elasticities approach to the balance of Trade. The condition seeks to answer what happens to the current-account balance of a country when there is a devaluation of the currency. In this study, an empirical examination of the validation of M-L Condition was examined in the Bilateral Non-Oil Export Trade Balance between Nigeria and Egypt for the period 1980 to 2018. The distributed lag (DL) mechanism was used to estimate the short as well as the long run parameters. The results of the findings validated the M-L Condition in the trade relations with Egypt in the short and long run and that the M-L Condition is supported by data. The study amongst others recommended that for Nigeria to implement any devaluation policy, Nigeria must first and foremost ensure a substantial increase in her non-oil exports as against imports. This is the only way the benefits can be maximized for the country.
Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Polylimonene and Organomodified-clay Nanocomposites: A Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties
Authors: Derdar Hodhaifa , Mitchell Geoffrey Robert , Cherifi Zakaria , Belbachir Mohammed , Benachour Mohamed , Meghabar Rachid , Bachari Khaldoun , Harrane Amine 
Published: November 2020

Polylimonene-clay nanocomposites (PLM-Mag 2, 3, 6 and 10% by weight of clay) were prepared by mixing Maghnite-CTA+ (Mag-CTA+) and polylimonene (PLM) in solution using ultrasonic irradiation. The catalyst preparation method were studied in order to determine and evaluate their structural, morphological and thermal properties. The Mag-CTA+ is an organophylic montmorillonite silicate clay prepared through a direct exchange process, using green natural clay of Maghnia (west of Algeria) called Maghnite. The Algerian clay was modified by ultrasonic-assisted method using cetyltrimethylammonuim bromide (CTAB) in which they used as green nano-reinforcing filler. Polylimonene was obtained by the polymerization of limonene, using Mag-H+ as a catalyst. The morphology of the obtained nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the nanocomposites have a high degradation temperature (200−250 °C) compared with the pure polylimonene (140 °C). The analyses confirmed the chemical modification of montmorillonite layers and their uniformly dispersion in the polylimonene matrix. Exfoliated structures were obtained for low amounts of clay (2 and 3% by weight), while intercalated structures and immiscible regions were detected for high amounts of clay (6 and 10% by weight). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Recent Developments in Radical Cross‐Coupling of Redox‐Active Cycloketone Oximes
Authors: Xiao Fang , Guo Yu , Zeng Yao‐Fu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a renaissance of radical cross‐coupling of cycloketone oximes which served as active cyanoalkyl radical via ring fragmentation in various transformations. It provided an efficient and practical strategy to introduce cyanoalkyl groups into organic compounds without using toxic cyanide sources. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of redox‐active cycloketone oximes‐based cross‐couplings were covered. This review was categorized into two broad parts: non‐photocatalyzed and photocatalyzed cross‐couplings according to the reaction conditions. Moreover, the two broad parts were further divided into several sub‐sections depending on the nature of the bond formation. Some representative examples along with reaction mechanisms were also discussed.magnified image
Organic Azides: Versatile Synthons in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Amination/Annulation for N‐Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Liu Zi‐Kui , Zhao Quan‐Qing , Gao Yang , Hou Ye‐Xing , Hu Xiao‐Qiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic azides are highly reactive, which have long established as versatile building blocks in the assembly of structurally diverse N‐containing heterocycles. The conversion of organic azides into high‐value compounds is of great importance and a subject of enormous current interest. Transition metal‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H amination/annulation of organic azides provides a powerful tool for the transformation of organic azides into a wide range of biologically important heterocyclic frameworks. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent progress on organic azides‐mediated C(sp2)−H amination/annulation for N‐heterocycle synthesis enabled by transition metal catalysts. Representative strategies are discussed in detail, including catalytic systems, reaction scopes, limitations and mechanisms.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidative Vinylsulfonylation of Quinoxalinones with Alkynes and Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Clinton Chayan Dhar , Prasad Ch. Durga , Thombal Raju S. , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn efficient approach to regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐vinylsulfonylated quinoxalin‐2‐ones has been developed. This oxidative reaction involves copper‐catalyzed vinylsulfonylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with alkynes and sulfonyl hydrazides. Various functionalized vinylsulfonylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives have been synthesized in excellent yields. The reaction proceeds via sulfonyl radicals generated from sulfonyl hydrazides.magnified image
Bio‐Coreactant‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Intracellular Structure and Transport
Authors: Ma Cheng , Wu Shaojun , Zhou Yang , Wei Hui‐Fang , Zhang Jianrong , Chen Zixuan , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Wenlei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA bio‐coreactant‐enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy realizes the ECL imaging of intracellular structure and dynamic transport. This microscopy uses Ru(bpy)32+ as the electrochemical molecular antenna connecting extracellular and intracellular environments, and uses intracellular biomolecules as the coreactants of ECL reactions via a “catalytic route”. Accordingly, intracellular structures are identified without using multiple labels, and autophagy involving DNA oxidative damage is detected using nuclear ECL signals. A time‐resolved image sequence discloses the universal edge effect of cellular electroporation due to the influence of the geometric properties of cell membranes on the induced transmembrane voltage. The dynamic transport of Ru(bpy)33+ in the different cellular compartments unveils the heterogeneous intracellular diffusivity correlating with the actin cytoskeleton. In addition to single‐cell studies, the bio‐coreactant‐enhanced ECL microscopy is used to image a slice of a mouse liver and a colony of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1.
Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ren Rong , Wang Xiaojiang , Chen Hengquan , Miller Hamish Andrew , Salam Ihtasham , Varcoe John Robert , Wu Liang , Chen Youhu , Liao Hong‐Gang , Liu Ershuai , Bartoli Francesco , Vizza Francesco , Jia Qingying , He Qinggang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn anion exchange membrane fuel cells, catalytic reactions occur at a well‐defined three‐phase interface, wherein conventional heterogeneous catalyst layer structures exacerbate problems, such as low catalyst utilization and limited mass transfer. We developed a structural engineering strategy to immobilize a molecular catalyst tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin cobalt(II) (TMPPCo) on the side chains of an ionomer (polyfluorene, PF) to obtain a composite material (PF‐TMPPCo), thereby achieving a homogeneous catalysis environment inside ion‐flow channels, with greatly improved mass transfer and turnover frequency as a result of 100 % utilization of the catalyst molecules. The unique structure of the homogeneous catalysis system comprising interconnected nanoreactors exhibits advantages of low overpotential and high fuel‐cell power density. This strategy of reshaping of the catalyst layer structure may serve as a new platform for applications of many molecular catalysts in fuel cells.
Role of graphene oxide/yttrium oxide nanocomposites as a cathode material for natural dye‐sensitized solar cell applications
Authors: Shanmugapriya T. , Balavijayalakshmi J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNatural dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are becoming promising candidates for replacing synthetic dyes. Graphene oxide is prepared from natural graphite flakes by modified Hummers method. A novel graphene oxide/yttrium oxide (GO/Y2O3) nanocomposites are prepared by chemical precipitation method. The different concentration of (5:1, 5:2, and 5:3) of yttrium oxide nanoparticles exaggerated on the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets. The prepared nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Raman scattering spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the crystallite size of the GO/Y2O3 (5:1, 5:2, and 5:3) is found to be around 23, 25.2, and 26.92 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) revealed that the flakes like shaped yttrium oxide nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of GO sheets. The UV–vis studies showed that the prepared Jasminoum grandiflorum L (JG) dye belongs to chlorophyll group with the absorption of 4.2 eV. The electrochemical activity of the prepared nanocomposites is investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The power conversion efficiency of prepared sandwich type DSSCs (5:3) is found to be 1.67%.
Pediatric robotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureterocalycostomy: Salient tips and technical modifications for optimal repair
Authors: Adamic B. L. , Lombardo A. , Andolfi C. , Hatcher D. , Gundeti M. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionUreterocalycostomy is a necessary option for renal salvage in cases where conventional reconstructions have failed or as a primary option in anatomic situations such as intrarenal pelvis, malrotated, or horseshoe kidney. The primary principle of this procedure is to allow for dependent drainage. Ureterocalycostomy is often difficult due to extensive scar tissue and may be complicated by bleeding in the setting of a normal functioning lower pole cortex, compared to thin renal cortex and poor renal function as seen in end‐spectrum of the obstruction. Identification of a dependent calyx and hemostasis can be difficult when there is a normal cortical thickness. Though the vascular control of hilum is an option, we suggest some simple tips to avoid this step and optimize surgical results. We present our experience and salient technical tips with pediatric robotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureterocalycostomy and provide a step‐by‐step video.MethodsFour patients underwent robotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureterocalycostomy between the years 2012 and 2016 by a single surgeon. Perioperative outcomes measured included operative time, hospital stay, pain relief, degree of hydronephrosis on postoperative ultrasound at 3 months, and renal scintigraphy as needed. We describe the operative procedure and provide tips on identifying a dependent lower pole calyx with flexible nephroscopy and needle puncture, the use of harmonic scalpel for incision of the lower pole cortex, and anastomosis by pre‐placement of interrupted sutures as the urothelium of the renal calyces is thin and friable.ResultsPatients ranged in age between 11 months and 14 years old. Three of four patients had one prior pyeloplasty, and one patient had two prior pyeloplasties. Mean operative time (incision to closure) was 208 minutes. No Clavien‐Dindo 30‐day complications were encountered and no patients required blood transfusion. Anatomic success was reported in all patients with a mean follow‐up of 4.46 years; however, one patient ultimately required nephrectomy despite patent anastomosis, which would not drain due to a capacious pelvis.ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureterocalycostomy is feasible in re‐operative cases with extensive scaring and in patients with normal lower pole renal cortex. We offer tips to allow for safe and proficient performance of this procedure.
CEO hometown identity and firm green innovation
Authors: Ren Shenggang , Wang Yue , Hu Yucai , Yan Ji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawn on the upper echelons theory, this study investigates how chief executive officer (CEO) hometown identity drives firm green innovation. We propose that CEO hometown identity has a positive impact on a firm's green innovation performance. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of managerial discretion determined by organizational and environmental factors (i.e., institutional ownership and market complexity). We propose that institutional ownership negatively moderates the positive relationship between CEO hometown identity and green innovation, but market complexity plays a positive moderating role. Using Chinese publicly listed firms from 2002 to 2016 in heavily polluting industries, our findings support these hypotheses. Our research contributes to the upper echelons theory and corporate social responsibility literature and has substantial practical implications.
Socio‐emotional wealth and corporate responses to environmental hostility: Are family firms more stakeholder oriented?
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Martín‐Moreno Julia , Khan Sana Akbar , Hussain Nazim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDo family firms care more for different stakeholders than nonfamily firms when operating in a hostile business environment? This study addresses this question and fills the existing void in family business research. It shows that family‐controlled firms adopt corporate social responsibility strategies and balance the demands of internal and external interest groups to preserve their socio‐emotional wealth while facing fierce competition, resource scarcity, and penurious economic conditions. More specifically, our analysis of an international sample of 956 listed firms from 2006 to 2014 reveals that family firms show a higher level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and better stakeholder orientation than nonfamily firms. Our findings are useful for managers, policymakers, and responsible investors.