bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of SPME-GC-MS and Characterization of Floral Scents from Aquilegia Japonica and A. Amurensis Flowers
Authors: Wang Hua-Ying , Zhang Wei , Dong Jian-Hua , Wu Hao , Wang Yuan-Hong , Xiao Hongxing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The floral scent of plants plays a key role in plant reproduction through the communication between plants and pollinators. Aquilegia as a model species for studying evolution, however, there have been few studies on the floral scents and relationships between floral scents and pollination for Aquilegia taxa. In this study, three types of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fiber coatings (DVB/PDMS, CAR/PDMS, DVB/CAR/PDMS) were evaluated for their performance in extracting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from flowers of Aquilegia amurensis, which can to contribute to the future studies of elucidating the role of floral scents in the pollination process. In total, 55 VOCs were identified, and among them, 50, 47 and 45 VOCs were extracted by the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, CAR/PDMS fiber and DVB/PDMS fibers, respectively. Only 30 VOCs were detected in A. japonica taxa. Furthermore, the relative contents of 8 VOCs were significant different (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05) between the A. amurensis and A. japonica. Therefore, the results can be applied in new studies of the relationships between the chemical composition of floral scents and the processes of attraction of pollinator. It may provide new ideas for rapid evolution and frequent interspecific hybridization of Aquilegia
Neutrophils Mediated Multistage Nanoparticle Delivery for Prompting Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ye Bo , Zhao Bao , Wang Kun , Guo Yilong , Lu Qinguo , Zheng Longpo , Li Ang , Qiao Jianou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Neutrophil-based drug delivery system possesses excellent advantages in targeting at tumour because neutrophils are easily recruited by chemotactic factor in tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a novel tactic of multistage neutrophils-based nanoparticle delivery system for promoting photothermal therapy (PTT) of lung cancer. Results: Au nanorod (AuNR) was successfully modified with bovine serum albumin (AuNRB) and further conjugated with RGD (AuNRBR), followed by neutrophil internalisation to obtain neutrophils-based delivery system (AuNRBR/N). The engineered neutrophils efficiently migrated across the epithelial cells due to inflammatory signal. They exhibited better toxicity against Lewis cells with laser irradiation in vitro . Moreover, AuNRBR/N showed significantly more targetability to tumour tissue compared with cell carrier-free AuNRBR, as demonstrated in Lewis tumour-bearing mice. The enhanced tumour homing efficiency of AuNRBR/N together with subsequently released AuNRBR from the neutrophils was favourable for further deep tissue diffusion and contributed to the inhibition of the tumour growth in PTT and improved survival rate (over 120 days). Conclusions: Overall results illustrated that the design of cell-based nanoparticle delivery system for PTT of cancer is promising.
Enrichment of apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein D in the HDL proteome is associated with HDL functions in diabetic kidney disease without dialysis
Authors: Santana Monique FM , Lira Aécio LA , Pinto Raphael , Minanni Carlos A , Silva Amanda RM , Sawada Maria IBAC , Nakandakare Edna R , Correa-Giannella Maria LC , Queiroz Marcia S , Ronsein Graziella E , Passarelli Marisa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with lipid derangements worsening kidney function and enhancing cardiovascular ( CVD ) risk. The management of dyslipidemia, hypertension and other traditional risk factors does not completely prevent CVD complications bringing up the participation of untraditional risk factors such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), carbamoylation and changes in HDL proteome and functionality. We analyzed HDL composition, proteome, chemical modification and functionality in non-dialytic DKD subjects categorized according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER). Methods: DKD individuals were divided in eGFR>60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 plus AER stages A1 and A2 (n=10) and eGFR<60 plus A3 (n=25) and matched by age with control subjects (eGFR>60; n=8). Results: Targeted proteomic analyses quantified 28 proteins associated with HDL in all groups, although only 2 were more expressed in eGFR<60+A3 group in comparison to controls: apolipoprotein D ( apoD ) and apoA-IV . HDL from eGFR<60+A3 presented higher levels of total AGEs (20%), pentosidine (6.3%) and carbamoylation (4.2 x) and a reduced ability in removing 14 C-cholesterol from macrophages (33%) in comparison to controls. The antioxidant role of HDL (lag time for LDL oxidation) was similar among groups but HDL from eGFR<60+A3 presented a higher ability in inhibiting the secretion of IL6 and TNF alpha (95%) in LPS-elicited macrophages in comparison to control group. Conclusion: The increment in ApoD and ApoA-IV seems to counteract the HDL chemical modification by AGE and carbamoylation that contributes for HDL loss of function in well-established DKD.
Unmet mental health needs in the general population: perspectives of Belgian health and social care professionals
Authors: Rens Eva , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Michielsen Joris , Broeck Kris Van den 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An unmet mental health need exists when someone has a mental health problem but does not receive formal care, or when the care received is insufficient or inadequate. Epidemiological research has identified both structural and attitudinal barriers to care which lead to unmet mental health needs, but reviewed literature has shown gaps in qualitative research on unmet mental health needs. This study aimed to explore unmet mental health needs in the general population from the perspective of professionals working with vulnerable groups.Methods: Four focus group discussions and two interviews with 34 participants were conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants’ professional backgrounds encompassed social work, mental health care and primary care in one rural and one urban primary care zone in Antwerp, Belgium. A topic guide was used to prompt discussions about which groups have high unmet mental health needs and why. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.Results: Five themes emerged, which are subdivided in several subthemes: (1) socio-demographic determinants and disorder characteristics associated with unmet mental health needs; (2) demand-side barriers; (3) supply-side barriers; (4) consequences of unmet mental health needs; and (5) suggested improvements for meeting unmet mental health needs.Conclusions: While findings of epidemiological research were largely corroborated, some additional groups and factors associated with unmet needs were identified. Professionals argued that they are often confronted with cases which are too complex for regular psychiatric care and highlighted the problem of care avoidance. Important system-level factors include waiting times of subsidized services and costs of non-subsidized services. As a result, feelings of burden and powerlessness are common among professionals. Professionals discussed future directions for an equitable mental health care provision, which should be accessible and targeted at those in the greatest need. Further research is needed to include the patients’ perspective of unmet mental health needs.
“A false sense of confidence” The perceived role of inflammatory point-of-care testing in managing urinary tract infections in Dutch nursing homes: a qualitative study
Authors: Kuil Sacha Danielle , Schneeberger Caroline , Leth Frank van , de Jong Menno , Harting Janneke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in nursing home residents is complex, due to frequent non-specific symptomatology and asymptomatic bacteriuria. The objective of this study was to explore health care professionals’ perceptions of the proposed use of inflammatory marker Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) in this respect. Methods We conducted a qualitative inquiry (2018 - 2019) alongside the multicenter PROGRESS study (NL6293), which assessed the sensitivity of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin POCT in UTI. We used semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The participants were physicians (n=12) and nurses (n=6) from 13 nursing homes in the Netherlands. Most respondents were not familiar with inflammatory marker POCT, while some used POCT for respiratory tract infections. Both the interview guide and the analysis of the interview transcripts were based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results All respondents acknowledged that sufficiently sensitive POCT could decrease diagnostic uncertainty to some extent in residents presenting with non-specific symptoms. They primarily thought that negative test results would rule out UTI and justify withholding antibiotic treatment. Secondly, they described how positive test results could rule in UTI and justify antimicrobial treatment. However, most respondents also expected new diagnostic uncertainties to arise. Firstly, in case of negative test results, they were not sure how to deal with residents’ persisting non-specific symptoms. Secondly, in case of positive test results, they feared overlooking infections other than UTI. These new uncertainties could lead to inappropriate antibiotics use. Therefore, POCT was thought to create a false sense of confidence. Conclusions Our study suggests that inflammatory marker POCT will only improve UTI management in nursing homes to some extent. To realize the expected added value, any implementation of POCT requires thorough guidance to ensure appropriate use. Developing UTI markers with high negative and positive predictive values may offer greater potential to improve UTI management in nursing homes.
Characterization of Sugar Industry Waste (Filter Cake) and Agro-waste Crop Residue as Potential Source of Livestock Feed Raw Materials
Authors: Abera Adugna Ayu , Duraisamy Ramesh D , Seda Tolera Badessa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The potential searching on sources of livestock feed material is the major constrain in the sustainability of livestock sector for the future. The utilization of cereal crop residues (CCRs) is limited because they contain a large proportion of lignocellulosic compounds and little nitrogen. The filter cake is a poorly studied potential as forage for ruminants. In addition, they show higher fiber content. The analysis on characterization of filter cake, Teff straw, barley straw and corn cob were carried out through proximate analysis such as moisture content (MC), dry mater (DM), organic dry matter (ODM), ash content (AC), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), Elemental analyzer, UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for analyzing the elemental profiles and functional feed constitutions. The proximate analysis of raw material feed stocks (in %) contains in the range of DM (96. 54 ± 0.7-89.5±0.5), ODM (98.33±0.3-79.4±0.4), MC (3.45±0.7-10.5±0.5), CP (2.32±0.58-12.92±0.36), CF (15.5±0.50-85±0.5), AC (1.69±0.03-20.6±0), FT (1.44±0.1-10.5±0.82), Carbohydrates (45.27- 90.42), energy value (327.26- 386.56 kcal.) and Sucrose of (3.85±0.83). And its elemental compositions can be addressed by their mineral matter contain up 1.69±0.03-20.6±0 %.The moisture content and dry matter contents may vary depends on factors such as cultivator of crops and cane, location, climate, dry length, soil pest diseases, cultivation practices, the harvesting practice and the processing of cans and crops. Large quantities of fibrous crop residues are already used as animal feed in many areas across these countries. There are too many areas in developing countries where ruminant livestock starves due to lack of feed. So this study shows that the direction of searching and compensating the availability of such important croup residues and the sugar industry by product (filter cake) as the raw sources of livestock feeds.
Scientific Collaboration on COVID-19 Amidst Geopolitical Tensions between the US and China
Authors: Lee Jenny J. , Haupt John P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As the threat of COVID-19 and US-China tensions are increasing, this study focused on this intensifying intersection between geopolitics and global science in the midst of a pandemic. This scientometric study examined the US’ and China’s international collaboration patterns on science and engineering (S&E) COVID-19 articles through the lenses of scientific nationalism and scientific globalism. While scientific nationalism would assume that the current political rhetoric and protectionist policies would lead to a decrease in international collaboration, our findings showed the reverse. The world’s proportion of international collaborations generally increased. Findings also revealed that despite geopolitical tensions, the highest number of internationally coauthored S&E COVID-19 articles between two countries involve the US and China. Their collaboration rate on COVID-19 is higher than during the past five-years as well as on non-COVID-19 articles published during 2020.
Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular features of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fujita Yasuko , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugimoto Ryo , Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Akasaka Risaburou , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Crawling-type adenocarcinoma (CRA) is an important gastric cancer (GC) subtype that exhibits a specific histological pattern and has characteristic clinicopathological findings. Despite its characteristic histology, little is known about the molecular characteristics of CRA. Methods: We examined 254 GC cases, including 51 cases of CRA and 126 cases having conventional differentiated adenocarcinomas (CDAs). Results for immunohistochemistry (mucin phenotype; Muc5AC, Muc6, Muc2 and CD10, CDX-2, MLH-1 and β-catenin), mutation analysis ( TP53 , KRAS and BRAF ), microsatellite instability (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250), DNA methylation status by a two-panel method ( RUNX3 , MINT31 , LOX, NEUROG1 , ELMO1 and THBD ), MLH-1 promoter methylation, and allelic imbalance (AI; 1p, 3p, 4p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 13q, TP53, 18q and 22q) were examined. Results: CRAs were more likely to occur in the middle third of the stomach, in younger patients and to be macroscopically depressed. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and loss of MLH-1 expression were less frequent among CRA cases compared to CDA cases. At a molecular level, CRA is often characterized by the deletion mutation c.529_546 (18-base pair deletion at codon 177-182 in exon 5), in the TP53 gene (10 cases). Although the low methylation epigenotype was significantly more frequent for CRAs compared to CDAs, multiple AIs were more often seen in CRAs relative to CDAs. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that TP53 mutations, particularly c.529_546del, and multiple AIs are closely associated with CRA carcinogenesis. Our results suggest that CRA is an independent entity of GC in terms of clinicopathologic and molecular findings.
The properties of MOF-Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O and its basic study of loading Methadone
Authors: Linxin Deng , Song Li , Sun Xuehua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ligands of (E)-bis(p-3-nitrobenzoic acid) vinyl (C16H10N2O8) were synthesized in three steps, and then the MOF-Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O was synthesized by solvothermal method. This structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, SEM and TG. The drug loading and in vitro release of Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O were also studied with Methadone as model drug. The result shows that the highest loading amount of Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O to Methadone was 0.256g/g, and the drug delivery system was a two-phase mode. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O has good biocompatibility.
Group Testing Can Improve the Cost-Efficiency of Prospective-Retrospective Biomarker Studies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhiwei , Krushkal Julia , Liu Aiyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer treatment is increasingly dependent on biomarkers for prognostication and treatment selection. Potential biomarkers are frequently evaluated in prospective-retrospective studies in which biomarkers are measured retrospectively on archived specimens after completion of prospective clinical trials. In light of the high costs of some assays, random sampling designs have been proposed that measure biomarkers for a random sub-sample of subjects selected on the basis of observed outcome and possibly other variables. Compared with a standard design that measures biomarkers on all subjects, a random sampling design can be cost-efficient in the sense of reducing the cost of the study substantially while achieving a reasonable level of precision.Methods: For a biomarker that indicates the presence of some molecular alteration (e.g., mutation in a gene), we explore the use of a group testing strategy, which involves physically pooling specimens across subjects and assaying pooled samples for the presence of the molecular alteration of interest, for further improvement in cost-efficiency beyond random sampling. We propose simple and general approaches to estimating the prognostic and predictive values of biomarkers with group testing, and conduct simulation studies to validate the proposed estimation procedures and to assess the cost-efficiency of the group testing design in comparison to the standard and random sampling designs.Results: Simulation results show that the proposed estimation procedures perform well in realistic settings and that a group testing design can have considerably higher cost-efficiency than a random sampling design. Conclusions: Group testing can be used to improve the cost-efficiency of biomarker studies.
Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Cotton in Response to Copper Stress
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhou Ke-Hai , Zhao Gang , Wang Pei-Pei , Yang Dai-Gang , Ma Xiong-Feng , Gao Jun-Shan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgroundcopper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient, required for plant growth and development. However, high concentrations of Cu can be extremely toxic to plant. This study investigate the tolerance mechanism of cotton under copper stress and its potential for soil pollution improvement.ResultsThe hybrid cotton variety (Zhongmian 63) and its two parent lines were selected as materials. Cotton seedling were treated with different Cu concentrations (0, 0.2, 50, 100, 200 μM) for 10 days in hydroponic condition. The results showed that the stem height, root length, and leaf area of cotton seedlings appear to have a down trend with the increase of Cu concentration. Increasing Cu concentration promoted Cu accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves of all the three cotton genotypes, however, the roots region was the main Cu storage organ, followed by leaves and stems regions. Compared with the parent lines, the roots of Zhongmian 63 are more capable of enriching Cu and have the least amount of Cu transported to the shoots. Therefore, the toxicity of Cu to cotton seedling is effectively alleviated. Cu-caused oxidative stress to cotton leaves was evident by over accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. POD activity and soluble sugar content increased firstly and then decreased compared with the control group. GSH content increased and photosynthetic pigment content decreased with increasing copper concentration in nutrient solution. ConclusionOur results suggest that the hybrid cotton variety Zhongmian 63 performed well under Cu stress. This lays the theoretical foundation for further analysis on molecular mechanism of cotton resistance to copper and promoting the large-scale planting Zhongmian 63 in the copper-contaminated area.
A comparison of the relationship between parental efficacy and social support systems of single teen mothers across different family forms
Authors: Coert Samantha Linn , Adebiyi Babatope O. , Rich Edna , Roman Nicolette V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTeenage parenting is recognised as one of the greatest health and social problems in South Africa. Research in South Africa has shown that by the age of 18 years, more than 30% of teens have given birth at least once. Teen mothers may feel disempowered because they are ‘othered’ and consequently, may develop forms of resistance which in most cases may inhibit their ability to parent. Social support is therefore, an imperative intervention for successful teen parenting but this is not clearly understood in South Africa. This study aimed to compare the relationship between parental efficacy and social support systems of single teen mothers across different family forms. MethodsA quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional comparative correlation design was conducted with 160 single teen mothers who resided with a family in a low socio-economic community. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire that comprised of the Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to investigate the data. ResultsA significant positive relationship between social support and parental efficacy was found. These findings are important for planning and applying parenting programmes amongst single teen mothers and facilitating awareness regarding the importance of social support and family forms when considering parenting practices.ConclusionThe current study revealed, that a relationship between parental efficacy and social support of single teen mothers do exist and for most, it was statistically significant, meaning any changes from the two variables may affect each other and the performance of single teen mothers.
Insights into the Diversification of Subclade IVa bHLH Transcription Factors in Fabaceae
Authors: Suzuki Hayato , Seki Hikaru , Muranaka Toshiya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Fabaceae plants appear to contain larger numbers of subclade IVa basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors than other plant families, and some members of this subclade have been identified as saponin biosynthesis regulators. We aimed to systematically elucidate the diversification of this subclade and obtain insights into the evolutionary history of saponin biosynthesis regulation in Fabaceae.Results: In this study, we collected sequences of subclade IVa bHLH proteins from 40 species, including fabids and other plants, and found greater numbers of subclade IVa bHLHs in Fabaceae. We confirmed conservation of the bHLH domain, C-terminal ACT-like domain, and exon-intron organisation among almost all subclade IVa members in model legumes, supporting the results of our classification. Phylogenetic tree-based classification of subclade IVa revealed the presence of three different groups. Interestingly, most Fabaceae subclade IVa bHLHs fell into group 1, which contained all legume saponin biosynthesis regulators identified to date. These observations support the co-occurrence and Fabaceae-specific diversification of saponin biosynthesis regulators. Comparing the expression of orthologous genes in Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus, orthologues of MtTSAR1 (the first identified soyasaponin biosynthesis regulatory transcription factor) were not expressed in the same tissues, suggesting that group 1 members have gained different expression patterns and contributions to saponin biosynthesis during their duplication and divergence. On the other hand, groups 2 and 3 possessed fewer members, and their phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns were highly conserved, indicating that their activities may be conserved across Fabaceae.Conclusions: This study suggests subdivision and diversification of subclade IVa bHLHs in Fabaceae plants. The results will be useful for candidate selection of unidentified saponin biosynthesis regulators. Furthermore, the functions of groups 2 and 3 members are interesting targets for clarifying the evolution of subclade IVa bHLH transcription factors in Fabaceae.