bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated prognosis model of pharmacogenomic gene signature and clinical information for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients following CHOP-like chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Jinglei , Xu Jing , Yu Muqiao , Gao Yongchao , Liu Rong , Zhou Honghao , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
As the most common form of lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinical highly heterogeneous disease with variability in therapeutic outcomes and biological features. It is a challenge to identify of clinically meaningful tools for outcome prediction. In this study, we developed a prognosis model fused clinical characteristics with drug resistance pharmacogenomic signature to identify DLBCL prognostic subgroups for CHOP-based treatment.

Methods
The expression microarray data and clinical characteristics of 791 DLBCL patients from two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to establish and validate this model. By using univariate Cox regression, eight clinical or genetic signatures were analyzed. The elastic net-regulated Cox regression analysis was used to select the best prognosis related factors into the predictive model. To estimate the prognostic capability of the model, Kaplan–Meier curve and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were performed.

Results
A predictive model comprising 4 clinical factors and 2 pharmacogenomic gene signatures was established after 1000 times cross validation in the training dataset. The AUC of the comprehensive risk model was 0.78, whereas AUC value was lower for the clinical only model (0.68) or the gene only model (0.67). Compared with low-risk patients, the overall survival (OS) of DLBCL patients with high-risk scores was significantly decreased (HR = 4.55, 95% CI 3.14–6.59, log-rank p value = 1.06 × 10−15). The signature also enables to predict prognosis within different molecular subtypes of DLBCL. The reliability of the integrated model was confirmed by independent validation dataset (HR = 3.47, 95% CI 2.42–4.97, log rank p value = 1.53 × 10−11).

Conclusions
This integrated model has a better predictive capability to ascertain the prognosis of DLBCL patients prior to CHOP-like treatment, which may improve the clinical management of DLBCL patients and provide theoretical basis for individualized treatment.
The effects of rapid weight loss on skeletal muscle in judo athletes
Authors: Roklicer Roberto , Lakicevic Nemanja , Stajer Valdemar , Trivic Tatjana , Bianco Antonino , Mani Diba , Milosevic Zoran , Maksimovic Nebojsa , Paoli Antonio , Drid Patrik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
To observe the effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) methods over 3 days on muscle damage in judokas.

Methods
Eighteen judokas participated in this crossover study, meaning that judo athletes were subjected to exercise-only phase (4 days) and RWL phase (3 days). Subjects were tested for myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values on seven consecutive days. These biomarkers served as indicators of acute muscle damage.

Results
During the exercise-only phase, no significant changes were observed. Myoglobin (Mb) (p < 0.001), creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.001) and aldolase (ALD) (p < 0.001) significantly increased only during the RWL phase, as well as hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001) and hematocrit (Hct) (p < 0.005) values. It was detected that peak values for muscle damage biomarkers were reached on the sixth day, while Hct and Hb values were the highest on the seventh day of the study.

Conclusion
Our study showed significant muscle damage induced by RWL. The prevalence of RWL use by judokas is high but firm scientific evidence is lacking in the evaluation of the current practice of it. Therefore, further knowledge must be gained to evaluate the effectiveness of RWL on performance and its impact on judokas’ wellbeing.
Anorexic and metabolic effect of jojoba: potential treatment against metabolic syndrome and hepatic complications
Authors: Belhadj Sahla , Dal Stephanie , Khaskhoussi Fakhreddine , Maillard-Pedracini Elisa , Hentati Olfa , Sigrist Séverine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Evaluation of the action of various traditional plants to treat metabolic syndrome are strongly studied. In our study, we investigated the effect of the Tunisian jojoba seed on a metabolic syndrome induced in rat by the High Fat diet and High Fructose (HFHF) and its renal and hepatic complications.

Methods
The rats were fed with HFHF or Normal Diet (ND) for a period of 8 weeks. After that, a switch from HFHF to ND or Normal Diet Jojoba (NDJ),(jojoba diet approach) or High Fat and High Fructose and Jojoba diet (HFHFJ) (nutraceutical approach) has been done. Metabolic disorder was evaluated by measuring the fasting body weight, glycemia and C-peptide and leptin. Oxidative stress parameters like ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) were analyzed in the plasma and renal and hepatic function were determined by the measure of creatinine and alanine transferase (ALT) respectively. Histological analysis was performed on the liver, kidney and pancreas.

Results
HFHF diet exhibited characteristics of metabolic syndrome presented by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, fat mass with hepatic steatosis and renal disorder. HFHF diet was associated with oxidative stress (OS) presented by an increase in TBARS and a decrease in TAOC. Adding jojoba seeds to HFHF rat group diet induced a decrease in body weight, fat mass (58 and 41%), insulin resistance (59 and 56%), oxidative stress (60 and 41%), liver steatosis (from a score = 3 to a score = 0) and renal complications (25 and 42%). This effect was emphasized with diet approach.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of jojoba against metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, suggesting that jojoba could be used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Graphical abstract
Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines
Authors:   the WSES expert panel, Coccolini Federico , Coimbra Raul , Ordonez Carlos , Kluger Yoram , Vega Felipe , Moore Ernest E. , Biffl Walt , Peitzman Andrew , Horer Tal , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Sartelli Massimo , Fraga Gustavo P. , Cicuttin Enrico , Ansaloni Luca , Parra Michael W. , Millán Mauricio , DeAngelis Nicola , Inaba Kenji , Velmahos George , Maier Ron , Khokha Vladimir , Sakakushev Boris , Augustin Goran , di Saverio Salomone , Pikoulis Emanuil , Chirica Mircea , Reva Viktor , Leppaniemi Ari , Manchev Vassil , Chiarugi Massimo , Damaskos Dimitrios , Weber Dieter , Parry Neil , Demetrashvili Zaza , Civil Ian , Napolitano Lena , Corbella Davide , Catena Fausto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiver injuries represent one of the most frequent life-threatening injuries in trauma patients. In determining the optimal management strategy, the anatomic injury, the hemodynamic status, and the associated injuries should be taken into consideration. Liver trauma approach may require non-operative or operative management with the intent to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiology. The management of liver trauma should be multidisciplinary including trauma surgeons, interventional radiologists, and emergency and ICU physicians. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) liver trauma management guidelines.
Removal of tumor thrombus from the azygos vein in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patient
Authors: Lu Qijue , Shi Bowen , Hong Jiang , Chen Hezhong , Li Chunguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein has not been reported to date. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can decrease the stage in patients with advanced preoperative tumor staging, regaining surgical opportunities and significantly prolonging progression-free survival and overall survival. Herein, we present a case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accompanied by tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein, and the patient underwent radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old male with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was found to have tumor thrombus formation in the arch of the azygos vein. Four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the TP regimen (paclitaxel plus nedaplatin) were given. Reexamination revealed a significant reduction in tumor and tumor thrombus volume. Therefore, McKeown radical resection for esophageal cancer and removal of the tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein were performed. Postoperative pathology suggested complete remission of the esophageal tumor and the presence of small focal cancer tissues in the arch of the azygos vein.

Conclusion
We report a case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus formation in the azygos vein. We conducted radical resection after 4 rounds of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the pathological results revealed complete remission of the tumor. We report our experience addressing this rare case, and we hope to find the underlying mechanism of tumor thrombus formation and whether it has any effects on prognosis in our future study.
Fish oil protects the blood–brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Xie Youna , Yan Lingli , Zeng Haitao , Chen Weineng , Lu Jia-Hong , Wan Jian-Bo , Su Huanxing , Yao Xiaoli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is ranked as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiological alterations in AD remain unclear, especially at the prodromal stage. The decreased proteolytic degradation of Aβ, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuroinflammation are considered to play key roles in the course of AD.MethodsMale APPswe/PS1dE9 C57BL/6 J double-transgenic (APP/PS1) mice in the age range from 1 month to 6 months and age-matched wild type mice were used in this study, intending to investigate the expression profiles of Aβ-degrading enzymes for Aβ degradation activities and zonula occludens-1 (zo-1) for BBB integrity at the prodromal stage.ResultsOur results showed that there were no significant genotype-related alterations in mRNA expression levels of 4 well-characterized Aβ-degrading enzymes in APP/PS1 mice within the ages of 6 months. Interestingly, a significant decrease in zo-1 expression was observed in APP/PS1 mice starting from the age of 5 months, suggesting that BBB disrupt occurs at an early stage. Moreover, treatment of fish oil (FO) for 4 weeks remarkably increased zo-1 expression and significantly inhibited the glial activation and NF-κB activation in APP/PS1 mice.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that FO supplement could be a potential therapeutic early intervention for AD through protecting the BBB integrity and suppressing glial and NF-κB activation.
The experience of long stay in high and medium secure psychiatric hospitals in England: qualitative study of the patient perspective
Authors: Holley Jessica , Weaver Tim , Völlm Birgit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome forensic patients in England remain in secure care for long, possibly unnecessarily prolonged, periods, raising significant ethical and resource issues. Research focused on the patients in secure care has examined quality of life and service provision but not the perspectives of patients experiencing long stays. This study explored how long stay patients experience secure care, what factors they felt influenced long stay, and its impact upon treatment engagement and motivation to progress.MethodsEmbedded within a larger epidemiological study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of forty long stay patients from two high and six medium secure hospitals. Long stay was defined as a 5 years stay in medium secure careor10 years in high secure care,or15 years in a combination of high and medium secure. Transcripts were subject to thematic analysis, and narrative analysis at individual case level to explore the relationship between emergent themes.ResultsFour themes emerged illustrating participants’ attribution, outlook, approach, and readiness for change. A typology of four long stay stances was developed (dynamic acceptance, dynamic resistance, static acceptance, static resistance). These illustrate differences in the extent to which participants believed being in secure care helped them to get better, and actively work towards progression and leaving secure care. There were considerable differences in how patients adopting these stances attributed the reasons for their long stay, they viewed their future, and their motivation to progress. Negative perceptions arose from excessive restrictions, treatment repetition and changes in therapeutic relationships, leading some patients to exhibiting tokenistic engagement and low motivation to progress.ConclusionsPlanning care for long stay patients in secure psychiatric settings should take account of the differing stances patient’s adopt towards engagement and progression. Service providers should be mindful of these stances and provide patients with individualised opportunities to progress through the secure care treatment pathway, avoiding treatment repetition and maintaining continuity in key professional relationships. Refocusing on quality of life may be appropriate for some long-term patients who are unwilling or unable to move on. For some long-term patients, purpose designed long stay setting may be appropriate.
Vitamin B12 deficiency as a cause of severe neurological symptoms in breast fed infant – a case report
Authors: Dubaj Cezary , Czyż Katarzyna , Furmaga-Jabłońska Wanda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cbl) deficiency in children is rare and may occurs in exclusively breast fed infants of mothers on vegetarian or vegan diet with lack of appropriate supplementation. The clinical manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency include neurological disorders, megaloblastic anemia and failure to thrive. Routine and commonly used laboratory tests such as cell blood count (CBC) or serum vitamin B12 level are sufficient for appropriate diagnosis. Typical therapy is based on intramuscular cobalamin injections. Early diagnosis and early onset of treatment are crucial factors for long-term prognosis of patients as the duration of deficiency may be correlated with the development of long lasting changes in the nervous system.
The purpose of this article is to present influence of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency as a cause of infant psychomotor retardation.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 7 months old girl whose parents sought medical advice due to pathological somnolence and developmental regression of their daughter with onset approximately 2 months prior to the visit. Following several diagnostic tests it was determined that the infant’s symptoms were due to vitamin B12 deficiency which was secondary to the mother’s latent Addison-Biermer disease. Apart from neurological symptoms the infant also showed megaloblastic anemia which is typical to cobalamin deficiencies. Intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation resulted in instant improvement of the patient’s general condition and blood morphology. Unfortunately, psychological examination indicated long-term psychomotor retardation due to delayed diagnosis of B12 deficiency.

Conclusions
Vitamin B12 levels should be considered during differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms in exclusively breast-fed infants especially if they co-exist with megaloblastic anemia and psychomotor retardation.
Research progress of near-infrared fluorescence probes based on indole heptamethine cyanine dyes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Sun Chunlong , Du Wen , Wang Baoqin , Dong Bin , Wang Baogui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a noninvasive technique that provides numerous advantages for the real-time in vivo monitoring of biological information in living subjects without the use of ionizing radiation. Near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes are widely used as fluorescent imaging probes. These fluorescent dyes remarkably decrease the interference caused by the self-absorption of substances and autofluorescence, increase detection selectivity and sensitivity, and reduce damage to the human body. Thus, they are beneficial for bioassays. Indole heptamethine cyanine dyes are widely investigated in the field of near-infrared fluorescence imaging. They are mainly composed of indole heterocyclics, heptamethine chains, and N-substituent side chains. With indole heptamethine cyanine dyes as the parent, introducing reactive groups to the parent compounds or changing their structures can make fluorescent probes have different functions like labeling protein and tumor, detecting intracellular metal cations, which has become the hotspot in the field of fluorescence imaging of biological research. Therefore, this study reviewed the applications of indole heptamethine cyanine fluorescent probes to metal cation detection, pH, molecules, tumor imaging, and protein in vivo. The distribution, imaging results, and metabolism of the probes in vivo and in vitro were described. The biological application trends and existing problems of fluorescent probes were discussed.
Local and regional temporal trends (2013–2019) of canine Ehrlichia spp. seroprevalence in the USA
Authors: Gettings Jenna R. , Self Stella C. W. , McMahan Christopher S. , Brown D. Andrew , Nordone Shila K. , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the USA, there are severalEhrlichiaspp. of concern includingEhrlichia canis,Ehrlichia ewingii,Ehrlichia chaffeensis,Ehrlichia muris eauclarensis, and “Panola MountainEhrlichia”. Of these,E. canisis considered the most clinically relevant for domestic dogs, with infection capable of causing acute, subclinical, and chronic stages of disease. Changes in climate, land use, habitats, and wildlife reservoir populations, and increasing contact between both human and dog populations with natural areas have resulted in the increased risk of vector-borne disease throughout the world.MethodsA Bayesian spatio-temporal binomial regression model was applied to serological test results collected from veterinarians throughout the contiguous USA between January 2013 and November 2019. The model was used to quantify both regional and local temporal trends of canineEhrlichiaspp. seroprevalence and identify areas that experienced significant increases in seroprevalence.ResultsRegionally, increasing seroprevalence occurred within several states throughout the central and southeastern states, including Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Texas. The underlying local trends revealed increasing seroprevalence at a finer scale. Clusters of locally increasing seroprevalence were seen from the western Appalachian region into the southern Midwest, along the Atlantic coast in New England, parts of Florida, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and in a couple areas of the Mountain region. Clusters of locally decreasing seroprevalence were seen throughout the USA including New York and the mid-Atlantic states, Texas, the Midwest, and California.ConclusionsCanineEhrlichiaspp. seroprevalence is increasing in both endemic and non-endemic areas of the USA. The findings from this study indicate that dogs across a wide area of the USA are at risk of exposure and these results should provide veterinarians and pet owners with the information they need to make informed decisions about prevention of tick exposure.
Co-infection, reinfection and superinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in a cattle herd based on ankA gene and multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Langenwalder Denis B. , Silaghi Cornelia , Nieder Marion , Pfeffer Martin , von Loewenich Friederike D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex and causes febrile illness in humans and animals. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ankA gene-based typing to study the molecular epidemiology of the A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in a German cattle herd over one pasture season. The aim was to investigate whether co-infection with two distinct variants, reinfection with the same and/or superinfection by a different strain occurred during one pasture season. Eight genetic loci were sequenced in 47 PCR-positive samples from 15 animals.

Results
Five different sequence types (ST) and four ankA alleles were detected in the cattle herd. Three different ST caused clinically overt tick-borne fever in primary infected animals. The concordance between ST and ankA allele was 100%. Therefore, the housekeeping genes used for MLST and the highly variable ankA gene were concatenated to increase resolution. Co-infection could be proven because samples of chronologically close collection dates were included. Co-infecting A. phagocytophilum strains differed by 14 to 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most superinfecting variants varied by 14 SNPs from the previous strain and appeared in median after a free interval of 31 days. Thus, it is unlikely that superinfecting strains arose by in-animal evolution. Immunity against re- or superinfection was assumed because the cattle developed clinical signs only during primary infection.

Conclusions
The tick-pathogen-vertebrate host interaction is probably much more complex than previously thought taking into account the frequently occurring events of co-infection, reinfection and superinfection. This complex situation could not be easily simulated in an experimental infection and underlines the value of field studies.
Anopheline bionomics, insecticide resistance and transnational dispersion in the context of controlling a possible recurrence of malaria transmission in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Surendran Sinnathamby N. , Jayadas Tibutius T. P. , Tharsan Annathurai , Thiruchenthooran Vaikunthavasan , Santhirasegaram Sharanga , Sivabalakrishnan Kokila , Raveendran Selvarajah , Ramasamy Ranjan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalaria was eliminated from Sri Lanka in 2013. However, the influx of infected travelers and the presence of potent anopheline vectors can re-initiate transmission in Jaffna city, which is separated by a narrow strait from the malaria-endemic Indian state of Tamil Nadu.MethodsAnopheline larvae were collected from different habitats in Jaffna city and the susceptibility of emergent adults to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin investigated.ResultsAnopheline larvae were found in wells, surface-exposed drains, ponds, water puddles and water storage tanks, with many containing polluted, alkaline and brackish water.Anopheles culicifacies,An. subpictus,An. stephensiandAn. varunawere identified in the collections. Adults of the four anopheline species were resistant to DDT.Anopheles subpictusandAn. stephensiwere resistant whileAn. culicifaciesandAn. varunawere possibly resistant to deltamethrin.Anopheles stephensiwas resistant,An. subpictuspossibly resistant whileAn. varunaandAn. culicifacieswere susceptible to malathion. DNA sequencing showed a L1014F (TTA to TTC) mutation in the IIS6 transmembrane segment of the voltage-gated sodium channel protein in deltamethrin-resistantAn. subpictus—a mutation previously observed in India but not Sri Lanka.ConclusionAnopheles subpictusin Jaffna, likeAn. stephensi, may have recently originated in coastal Tamil Nadu. Besides infected overseas travelers, wind- and boat-borne carriage ofPlasmodium-infected anophelines across the Palk Strait can potentially reintroduce malaria transmission to Jaffna city. Adaptation to diverse larval habitats and resistance to common insecticides in anophelines are identified as potential problems for vector control should this happen.