bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research for microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy welded joint with magnetic field and activated flux
Authors: Guiqing Zhang , Yinglei Ren , Yunhai Su 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although many experimental researches have been carried out on the effect of different fluxes and the mechanism responsible for the higher penetration in activated TIG welding of magnesium alloy, few works as reported in literatures are available concering the grain refinement and the improvement of mechanical properties of welding joints. This is because the activated flux has very limited or even negative effects on improving the mechanical properties of welded joints. In order to find a method that can improve welding efficiency and mechanical properties of welded joints, the longitudinal alternating magnetic field and NiCl2 activated flux were used during TIG welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The formation, mechanical properties, phase composition and crystal growth pattern of the weld seam were tested and analyzed to study the mechanism. The experimental results reveal that with proper parameter matching (magnetic field and activated flux), larger weld penetration and smaller form factor can be obtained, welding efficiency is improved accordingly, but the form factor with the magnetic field is bigger than that without magnetic field. When the activated flux amount is 3 mg cm−2 with the magnetic field, the optimal value of mechanical properties of welded joint is obtained, tensile strength is 385 MPa, elongation is 13.3%, micohardness is 67 HV, respectively. All of these are better than those without the magnetic field, the optimal activated flux amount is 2 mg cm−2. The application of magnetic field and activated flux has no noticeable effect on the phase composition of weld seam. Under the combined action of magnetic field and activated flux, the crystallization nucleation condition of molten pool was changed, the grain size was refined, the formation of twins was promoted, and the crystals selectively grew within the basal (0001) plane.
Tailoring biomineralization and biodegradation of Mg–Ca alloy by acetic acid pickling
Authors: Rahim Shebeer A , Joseph M A , T Hanas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys are suitable candidates for developing biodegradable metallic implants. However, the rapid degradation of these alloys in the physiological environment is a major limitation for such applications. In this work, Mg–Ca alloy was chemically treated with acetic acid and its effects on degradation behaviour were studied using simulated body fluid (SBF). The surface morphology and composition of the acid pickled samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The degradation rate was analysed by conducting potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and immersion tests. The results show that optimum acetic acid treatment improved the corrosion resistance by acid etching and formation of magnesium acetate layer. The treated samples also exhibited enhanced biomineralization and developed calcium phosphate layer on the surfaces during immersion tests. It is proposed that acetic acid pickling can be used as a reliable technique for surface modification as well as for pre-treatment of magnesium alloys to make them suitable for degradable metallic implant applications.
Effect of temperature gradient on microstructure and properties of GaSb crystals grown with Bridgman method
Authors: He Guofang , Gao Xiao , Han Yinfeng , Li Jikun , Liu Juncheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
GaSb crystal ingots were grown with vertical Bridgman method. The effects of temperature gradient on the structure and properties of GaSb crystals were investigated. When the temperature gradient increased from 5 to 7 °C cm−1, the crystallinity of the ingot improved, the dislocation density decreased by 55%, from 3928 to 1785 cm−2; the carrier mobility increased by 29.6%, from 868 to 1125 cm2 V−1 · s−1; the resistivity decreased 50.6%, from 12.45 to 6.332 × 10–3 Ω · cm; the infrared transmission increased from 27% to 32%. When the temperature gradient increased from to 7 to 9 °C cm−1, the crystallinity of the ingot deteriorated obviously, the dislocation density increased 4.38 times, from 3928 to 9609 cm−2; the carrier mobility decreased by 52.4%, from 1125 to 738 cm2 V−1 · s−1; the resistivity increased 6.2 times, from 6.332 to 23.94 × 10–3 Ω · cm; the infrared transmission decreased from 32% to 25%.
Magnetic vortex and unsaturated magnetization components in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Authors: Taallah Ayoub , Xia JiaChen , Guo Jian , Shuai Gao , Odunmbaku Omololu , Gong Min , Shang Hongyan , Corrias Anna , Boi Filippo S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Observation of ferromagnetic and granular superconductive features in highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite (HOPG) has recently attracted an important attention. We report a novel temperature dependent XRD and SQUID investigation of HOPG in the temperature range from 300.15 to 77.15 K. Unusual hysteresis features indicate the possible presence of vortex states in conditions of magnetic field approximately perpendicular to the HOPG layers. This interpretation is further supported by additional measurements performed on intermediate lamellae extracted by exfoliation. Evidence of a possible structural-transition in the c-axis of HOPG in the temperature range between 77 K and 100K is also provided by using the Rietveld refinement method. ZFC and FC measurements performed at high field values of 5000–10000 Oe, together with mFC-mZFC subtraction, highlight absence of a sharp depletion of the difference between magnetization signals towards zero. These observations may indicate the possible presence of additional unsaturated weak features, which are ascribed to superconductive signals as previously predicted by Scheike et al (Scheike et al 2013 Carbon; 59:140).
Witnessing entanglement in experiments with correlated noise
Authors: Dirkse Bas , Pompili Matteo , Hanson Ronald , Walter Michael , Wehner Stephanie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of an entanglement witness experiment is to certify the creation of an entangled state from a finite number of trials. The statistical confidence of such an experiment is typically expressed as the number of observed standard deviations of witness violations. This method implicitly assumes that the noise is well-behaved so that the central limit theorem applies. In this work, we propose two methods to analyze witness experiments where the states can be subject to arbitrarily correlated noise. Our first method is a rejection experiment, in which we certify the creation of entanglement by rejecting the hypothesis that the experiment can only produce separable states. We quantify the statistical confidence by a p-value, which can be interpreted as the likelihood that the observed data is consistent with the hypothesis that only separable states can be produced. Hence a small p-value implies large confidence in the witnessed entanglement. The method applies to general witness experiments and can also be used to witness genuine multipartite entanglement. Our second method is an estimation experiment, in which we estimate and construct confidence intervals for the average witness value. This confidence interval is statistically rigorous in the presence of correlated noise. The method applies to general estimation problems, including fidelity estimation. To account for systematic measurement and random setting generation errors, our model takes into account device imperfections and we show how this affects both methods of statistical analysis. Finally, we illustrate the use of our methods with detailed examples based on a simulation of NV centers.
Performance of bicontinuous structural electrolytes
Authors: Tu Vinh , Asp Leif E , Shirshova Natasha , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Structural power composites are multifunctional materials with simultaneous load bearing and energy storing functionality. This is made possible due to carbon fibers’ ability to act not only as structural reinforcement materials, but also as electrode components. A crucial component of structural power composites is the structural electrolyte that is required to have both high stiffness and high ionic conductivity. To explore microstructure properties that bear optimal bifunctional performance a procedure is presented to generate various classes of synthetic microstructures with a wide span of properties for computer simulation. The effective properties of the generated artificial structural electrolytes are obtained via virtual material testing and compared with experimentally obtained data. Ultimately, a microstructure class with very good bifunctional properties is identified.
Complicated Alcohol Withdrawal—An Unintended Consequence of COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Shukla Lekhansh , Mukherjee Diptadhi , Menon Jayakrishnan , Huddar Sudheendra , Panda Udit Kumar , Mahadevan Jayant , Kandasamy Arun , Chand Prabhat K , Benegal Vivek , Murthy Pratima 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aim
To assess the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown in India on alcohol-dependent persons.

Method
We examined the change in the incidence of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome presenting to hospitals in the city of Bangalore.

Results
A changepoint analysis of the time series data (between 01.01.20 to 11.04.20) showed an increase in the average number of cases from 4 to 8 per day (likelihood ratio test: χ2 = 72, df = 2, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
An unintended consequence of the lockdown was serious illness in some patients with alcohol use disorders.
Ecophysiology with barley eceriferum (cer) mutants: the effects of humidity and wax crystal structure on yield and vegetative parameters
Authors: von Wettstein-Knowles Penny 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn addition to preventing water loss, plant cuticles must also regulate nutrient loss via leaching. The eceriferum mutants in Hordeum vulgare (barley) potentially influence these functions by altering epicuticular wax structure and composition.MethodsCultivar ‘Bonus’ and five of its cer mutants were grown under optimal conditions for vegetative growth and maturation, and nine traits were measured. Nutrient and water amounts going through the soil and the amount of simulated rain as deionized water, affecting phyllosphere humidity, delivered during either the vegetative or maturation phase, were varied. Cer leaf genes and three wilty (wlt) mutations were characterized for reaction to toluidine blue and the rate of non-stomatal water loss.Key ResultsVegetative phase rain on ‘Bonus’ significantly decreased kernel weight and numbers by 15–30 %, while in cer.j59 and .c36 decreases of up to 42 % occurred. Maturation phase findings corroborated those from the vegetative phase. Significant pleiotropic effects were identified: cer.j59 decreased culm and spike length and 1000-kernel weight, .c36 decreased kernel number and weight, .i16 decreased spike length and .e8 increased culm height. Excepting Cer.zv and .ym mutations, none of the other 27 Cer leaf genes or wlt mutations played significant roles, if any, in preventing water loss. Cer.zv and .ym mutants lost non-stomatal water 13.5 times faster than those of Cer.j, .yi, .ys and .zp and 18.3 times faster than those of four cultivars and the mutants tested here.ConclusionsUsing yield to measure the net effect of phyllosphere humidity and wax crystal structure revealed that the former is far more important than the latter. The amenable experimental setup described here can be used to delve deeper. Significant pleiotropic effects were identified for mutations in four Cer genes, of which one is known to participate in wax biosynthesis. Twenty-seven Cer leaf genes and three wlt mutations have little if any effect on water loss.
grünifai: interactive multiparameter optimization of molecules in a continuous vector space
Authors: Winter Robin , Retel Joren , Noé Frank , Clevert Djork-Arné , Steffen Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary
Optimizing small molecules in a drug discovery project is a notoriously difficult task as multiple molecular properties have to be considered and balanced at the same time. In this work, we present our novel interactive in silico compound optimization platform termed grünifai to support the ideation of the next generation of compounds under the constraints of a multiparameter objective. grünifai integrates adjustable in silico models, a continuous representation of the chemical space, a scalable particle swarm optimization algorithm and the possibility to actively steer the compound optimization through providing feedback on generated intermediate structures.

Availability and implementation
Source code and documentation are freely available under an MIT license and are openly available on GitHub (https://github.com/jrwnter/gruenifai). The backend, including the optimization method and distribution on multiple GPU nodes is written in Python 3. The frontend is written in ReactJS.
HiC-Hiker: a probabilistic model to determine contig orientation in chromosome-length scaffolds with Hi-C
Authors: Nakabayashi Ryo , Morishita Shinichi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Motivation
De novo assembly of reference-quality genomes used to require enormously laborious tasks. In particular, it is extremely time-consuming to build genome markers for ordering assembled contigs along chromosomes; thus, they are only available for well-established model organisms. To resolve this issue, recent studies demonstrated that Hi-C could be a powerful and cost-effective means to output chromosome-length scaffolds for non-model species with no genome marker resources, because the Hi-C contact frequency between a pair of two loci can be a good estimator of their genomic distance, even if there is a large gap between them. Indeed, state-of-the-art methods such as 3D-DNA are now widely used for locating contigs in chromosomes. However, it remains challenging to reduce errors in contig orientation because shorter contigs have fewer contacts with their neighboring contigs. These orientation errors lower the accuracy of gene prediction, read alignment, and synteny block estimation in comparative genomics.

Results
To reduce these contig orientation errors, we propose a new algorithm, named HiC-Hiker, which has a firm grounding in probabilistic theory, rigorously models Hi-C contacts across contigs, and effectively infers the most probable orientations via the Viterbi algorithm. We compared HiC-Hiker and 3D-DNA using human and worm genome contigs generated from short reads, evaluated their performances, and observed a remarkable reduction in the contig orientation error rate from 4.3% (3D-DNA) to 1.7% (HiC-Hiker). Our algorithm can consider long-range information between distal contigs and precisely estimates Hi-C read contact probabilities among contigs, which may also be useful for determining the ordering of contigs.

Availability and implementation
HiC-Hiker is freely available at: https://github.com/ryought/hic_hiker.
PathWalks: identifying pathway communities using a disease-related map of integrated information
Authors: Karatzas Evangelos , Zachariou Margarita , Bourdakou Marilena M , Minadakis George , Oulas Anastasis , Kolios George , Delis Alex , Spyrou George M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMotivationUnderstanding the underlying biological mechanisms and respective interactions of a disease remains an elusive, time consuming and costly task. Computational methodologies that propose pathway/mechanism communities and reveal respective relationships can be of great value as they can help expedite the process of identifying how perturbations in a single pathway can affect other pathways.ResultsWe present a random-walks-based methodology called PathWalks, where a walker crosses a pathway-to-pathway network under the guidance of a disease-related map. The latter is a gene network that we construct by integrating multi-source information regarding a specific disease. The most frequent trajectories highlight communities of pathways that are expected to be strongly related to the disease under study.We apply the PathWalks methodology on Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and establish that it can highlight pathways that are also identified by other pathway analysis tools as well as are backed through bibliographic references. More importantly, PathWalks produces additional new pathways that are functionally connected with those already established, giving insight for further experimentation.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/vagkaratzas/PathWalks.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bipartite Functional Fractionation within the Default Network Supports Disparate Forms of Internally Oriented Cognition
Authors: Chiou Rocco , Humphreys Gina F , Lambon Ralph Matthew A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Our understanding about the functionality of the brain’s default network (DN) has significantly evolved over the past decade. Whereas traditional views define this network based on its suspension/disengagement during task-oriented behavior, contemporary accounts have characterized various situations wherein the DN actively contributes to task performance. However, it is unclear how different task-contexts drive componential regions of the DN to coalesce into a unitary network and fractionate into different subnetworks. Here we report a compendium of evidence that provides answers to these questions. Across multiple analyses, we found a striking dyadic structure within the DN in terms of the profiles of task-triggered fMRI response and effective connectivity, significantly extending beyond previous inferences based on meta-analysis and resting-state activities. In this dichotomy, one subset of DN regions prefers mental activities “interfacing with” perceptible events, while the other subset prefers activities “detached from” perceptible events. While both show a common “aversion” to sensory-motoric activities, their differential preferences manifest a subdivision that sheds light upon the taxonomy of the brain’s memory systems. This dichotomy is consistent with proposals of a macroscale gradational structure spanning across the cerebrum. This gradient increases its representational complexity, from primitive sensory-motoric processing, through lexical-semantic representations, to elaborated self-generated thoughts.
Severe pulmonary regurgitation mimicking constrictive pericarditis: a case report—the sac or the content? That is the question
Authors: Suto Makiko , Matsumoto Kensuke , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hirata Ken-Ichi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a pathological condition of the pericardium, resulting from fibrosis, scarring, and calcification of the pericardium. Other conditions have been reported to mimic ‘constrictive physiology’ despite the presence of an intact pericardium. However, there has been no report of pulmonary regurgitation (PR) mimicking the haemodynamic characteristics of CP.

Case summary
A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our institute because of severe right-sided heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe PR concomitant with significant dilatation of the right-sided heart. Septal bounce and the respiratory reciprocation of the transmitral and transtricuspid inflow velocities were also observed, indicating exacerbated ventricular interdependence. Cardiac catheter examination demonstrated elevated right atrial pressure with a prominent y descent, dip, and plateau waveform in the right ventricular pressure, and equalization of the diastolic pressure of all cardiac chambers, which are quite consistent with CP. On surgical inspection, however, there was no pericardial thickening or adhesion, indicating no obvious signs of CP.

Discussion
Pericardial constriction results from the relative relationship between intrapericardial volume and pericardial reserve. When the intrapericardial volume exceeds the physiological limit, the cardiac chambers compete with each other in a fixed pericardial space. In this case, prominent dilation of the right-sided chambers caused by severe PR resulted in overstretching of the pericardium above the pericardial reserve, which led to a characteristic haemodynamic picture that resembled CP. Thus, it is important to recognize the diagnostic pitfall in the preoperative evaluation of a ‘CP mimic physiology’.
Workers’ resilience in occupied France: workers in Le Havre, 1941–1942
Authors: Shtasel Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Workers in Le Havre developed resilience through trade union activism, political commitment and community engagement in the pre-war period. This resilience allowed them to display their anger at new hardships that appeared at the start of the German occupation. In particular, workers rioted at a major building site and demanded and achieved wage rises; and, as the RAF bombed their town day and night, they continuously made demands for danger money. Indeed, they did not change their behaviour because the circumstances in which they now lived had changed; they continued to use the skills they had learnt during pre-war industrial battles to make demands that would improve the material situation of themselves and their fellow trade unionists. This analysis differs from most of the major historiography on workers during the Occupation which claims workers during the first two years of the Occupation were broadly passive and cite the miners’ strike in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais as the exception which proves the rule.
PAX7 target gene repression associates with FSHD progression and pathology over 1 year
Authors: Banerji Christopher R S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a prevalent, inherited skeletal myopathy linked to hypomethylation of the D4Z4 macrosatellite at chromosome 4q35. This epigenetic de-repression permits expression of the transcription factor DUX4, which may drive pathology by direct activation of target genes or through inhibition of the homologous transcription factor PAX7. We demonstrated that PAX7 target gene repression is a superior biomarker of FSHD status compared with DUX4 target gene expression. However, despite importance for clinical trials, there remains no transcriptomic biomarker for FSHD progression. A recent study by Wong et al. [Longitudinal measures of RNA expression and disease activity in FSHD muscle biopsies. Hum. Mol. Genet., 29, 1030–1043] performed MRI, muscle biopsy transcriptomics and histopathology on a cohort of FSHD patients with 1-year follow-up. No significant changes in any biomarkers were reported over this time period. However, the authors did not consider PAX7 target gene repression as a marker of FSHD progression. Here we demonstrate that PAX7 target gene repression increases in these paired FSHD samples from year 1 to year 2 and is thus a marker of FSHD progression over 1 year. Moreover, we show that three validated DUX4 target gene expression biomarkers are not associated with FSHD progression over 1 year. We further confirm that PAX7 target gene repression associates with clinical correlates of FSHD disease activity, measured by MRI and histopathology. Thus, PAX7 target gene repression is a uniquely sensitive biomarker of FSHD progression and pathology, valid over a 1 year time frame, implicating its use in clinical trials.