bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction exposure effects of multiple disturbances: plant population resilience to ungulate grazing is reduced by creation of canopy gaps
Authors: Shinoda Yushin , Akasaka Munemitsu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of multiple disturbances on populations could be synergistic or antagonistic via disturbance interaction and are considered to be provoked by alternation of the impact of an ecosystem disturbance due to the effect of a preceding disturbance. The impact of a focal disturbance can also change when a preceding disturbance alters the proportion of individuals in a population exposed to these disturbances (i.e., interaction exposure effects), although this effect has not been addressed to date. Herein, we propose and test interaction exposure effects by elucidating disturbance interactions between canopy gap formation and ungulate grazing. Based on a vegetation and seed bank survey conducted on an island in Hokkaido, northern Japan, we examined whether canopy openness changes the impact of ungulate grazing on the occurrence probability of palatable plant species through the facilitation of germination. Species occurrence in the seed bank significantly decreased with increasing canopy openness under the presence of grazing; however, it slightly increased under the absence of grazing, suggesting that gap creation, which facilitates germination, exposes the seed bank to ungulate grazing. Because disturbances of various types often modify the habitat structure, these proposed disturbance interactions are expected to operate within various ecosystems and taxa.
Risk factors of silent allograft fibrosis 10 years post-pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Ha Sang Yun , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Jong Man , Choi Gyu-Seong , Joh Jae-Won , Lee Suk-Koo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study analyzed factors related to allograft fibrosis in clinically stable pediatric liver transplantation patients. Pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation from January 1997 to January 2008 and further underwent 10-year protocol biopsies were examined. Grades of inflammation and fibrosis were classified based on Banff criteria and the Liver Allograft Scoring (LAF) system, respectively. Risk factors for fibrosis were analyzed using logistic regression. Sixty-six patients with no clinical signs of chronic liver disease were included. Forty-one patients out of 66 (62.1%) had certain stage of allograft fibrosis. More than five events with aminotransferase >50 U/L was a risk factor for a LAF score 1–2 portal fibrosis (OR = 3.156, CI 1.059–9.410, P = 0.039). More than five events with aminotransferase >100 U/L was a risk factor for LAF score 2 portal fibrosis (OR = 13.978, CI 2.025–97.460, P = 0.007) and LAF score 1–2 sinusoidal fibrosis (OR = 4.897, CI 1.167–20.548, P = 0.030). Positive autoantibody (OR = 3.298, CI 1.039–10.473, P = 0.043) and gamma-glutamyl transferase  60 U/L (OR = 6.201, CI 1.096–35.097, P = 0.039) were related to sinusoidal fibrosis with LAF score of 1–2 and 2, respectively. Experience of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease was related to LAF score 1–2 portal fibrosis (OR = 7.371, CI 1.320–41,170, P = 0.023) and LAF score 1–2 centrolobular fibrosis (OR = 8.822, CI = 1.378–56.455, P = 0.022). Our results indicate that liver fibrosis is common in patients with no clinical signs of graft deterioration and repeated elevation of aminotransferases, positive autoantibodies, elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase and experience of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease are suspicious signs for fibrosis.
Study of Structural stability and formation mechanisms in DSPC and DPSM liposomes: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Hashemzadeh H. , Javadi H. , Darvishi M. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiposomes or biological vesicles can be created from cholesterol, phospholipid, and water. Their stability is affected by their phospholipid composition which can influence disease treatment and drug delivery efficacy. In this study, the effect of phospholipid type on the formation and stability of liposomes using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations is investigated. For this purpose, the simulation study of the DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DPSM (Egg sphingomyelin) lipids were considered. All simulations were carried out using the Gromacs software and Martini force field 2.2. Energy minimization (3000 steps) model, equilibrium at constant volume to adjust the temperature at 400 Kelvin and equilibrium at constant pressure to adjust the pressure, at atmospheric pressure (1 bar) have been validated. Microsecond simulations, as well as formation analysis including density, radial distribution function, and solvent accessible surface area, demonstrated spherical nanodisc structures for the DPSM and DSPC liposomes. The results revealed that due to the cylindrical geometric structure and small-size head group, the DSPC lipid maintained its perfectly spherical structure. However, the DPSM lipid showed a conical geometric structure with larger head group than other lipids, which allows the liposome to form a micelle structure. Although the DSPC and DPSM lipids used in the laboratory tests exhibit liposome and micelle behaviors, the simulation results revealed their nanodisc structures. Energy analysis including overall energy, Van der Waals interaction energy, and electrostatic interaction energy showed that DPSM liposome is more stable than DSPC liposome.
Bioconversion of rice straw agro-residues by Lentinula edodes and evaluation of non-volatile taste compounds in mushrooms
Authors: Gao Shuangshuang , Huang Zhicheng , Feng Xi , Bian Yinbing , Huang Wen , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRice straw was substituted for sawdust at five different ratios of 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (Control, RS20, RS40, RS60 and RS80, respectively) to obtain five kinds of Lentinula edodes. The effects of adding cropped rice straw to substrate formulas on the proximate composition and non-volatile taste compounds in mushrooms were investigated. The control group had the highest level of MY and BE among the five formulations. The protein levels in mushrooms decreased with the addition of rice straw and the ash levels increased. We found that trehalose, mannitol, and arabitol were the main soluble sugars in the five kinds of mushrooms. The contents of total free amino acids varied from 16.29 to 24.59 mg/g and the highest level of free amino acids was found in mushrooms cultivated from RS20 and RS40. Moreover, the addition of rice straw improved the contents of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-like amino acids in mushrooms. The 5′-Nucleotide levels ranged from 1.66 to 4.48 mg/g and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value increased with the addition of rice straw. Our results suggest that rice straw is a potential substitute for sawdust to cultivate L. edodes with more non-volatile taste compounds.
Reciprocal association between depression and peptic ulcers: Two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Min Chanyang , Oh Dong Jun , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to explore the bidirectional association between depression and peptic ulcers. The ≥20-year-old participants of the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013 were included in the study. In study I, 30,306 depression patients were 1:4 matched with 121,224 control I participants. In study II, 127,590 peptic ulcer patients were 1:1 matched with 127,590 control II participants. The stratified Cox-proportional hazards models were used to analyse the hazard ratio (HR) of depression for peptic ulcers (study I) and of peptic ulcers for depression (study II). A total of 8.9% (2,703/ 30,306) of depression patients and 7.3% (8,896/ 121,224) of patients in the control I group had peptic ulcers (P < 0.001). The depression group had an adjusted HR for peptic ulcers that was 1.14-fold higher than that of the control I group (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.09–1.19, P < 0.001). A total of 6.4% (8,144/ 127,590) of peptic ulcer patients and 3.5% (4,515/127,590) of patients in the control II group had depression (P < 0.001). The peptic ulcer group had an adjusted HR for depression that was 1.68-fold higher than that of the control II group (95% CI = 1.62–1.74, P < 0.001). Depression and peptic ulcers exhibited a bidirectional relationship.
Active spatial control of terahertz plasmons in graphene
Authors: Tu Ngoc Han , Yoshioka Katsumasa , Sasaki Satoshi , Takamura Makoto , Muraki Koji , Kumada Norio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGraphene offers the possibility for actively controlling plasmon confinement and propagation by tailoring its spatial conductivity. However, implementation of this concept has been hampered because it is difficult to control the conductivity pattern without disturbing the electromagnetic environment of graphene plasmons. Here we demonstrate full electrical control of plasmon reflection/transmission in graphene at electronic boundaries induced by a transparent patterned zinc oxide gate, which is designed to minimize the electromagnetic coupling to graphene in the terahertz range. This approach enables plasmons to be confined to desired regions. Our approach might be applied to various types of plasmonic devices, paving the way for implementing a programmable plasmonic circuit.
Design of a multifunctional polar metal via first-principles high-throughput structure screening
Authors: Fang Yue-Wen , Chen Hanghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntrinsic polar metals are rare, especially in oxides, because free electrons screen electric fields in a metal and eliminate the internal dipoles that are needed to break inversion symmetry. Here we use first-principles high-throughput structure screening to predict a new polar metal in bulk and thin film forms. After screening more than 1000 different crystal structures, we find that ordered BiPbTi2O6 can crystallize in three polar and metallic structures, which can be transformed between via pressure or strain. In a heterostructure of layered BiPbTi2O6 and PbTiO3, multiple states with different relative orientations of BiPbTi2O6 polar displacements, and PbTiO3 polarization, can be stabilized. At room temperature, the interfacial coupling enables electric fields to first switch PbTiO3 polarization and subsequently drive 180° change of BiPbTi2O6 polar displacements. At low temperatures, the heterostructure provides a tunable tunnelling barrier and might be used in multi-state memory devices.
Hydrodynamic inflation of ring polymers under shear
Authors: Liebetreu Maximilian , Likos Christos N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrodynamic interactions can dramatically influence the dynamics of fully flexible, ring-shaped polymers in ways unknown for any other polymer architecture or topology. Tumbling under shear is a common dynamic pattern of motion for all polymer architectures. Here we show the existence of a shear-induced inflation phase exclusive to ring polymers, the onset of which depends on the ring’s contour length. This is accompanied by a strong suppression of tumbling, which resumes at even higher shear rates. The ring swells in the vorticity direction, and the horseshoe regions on the stretched and swollen ring are effectively locked in place relative to its center-of-mass. Furthermore, knots tied onto such rings can serve as additional ‘stabilisation anchors'. Under strong shear, the knotted section remains well-localised while tank-treading from one horseshoe region to the other in sudden bursts. We find knotted polymers of high contour length behave very similarly to unknotted rings of the same contour length.
Comprehensive analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in five colorectal cancer tissues and five normal tissues
Authors: Zhou Zhen-Xu , Chen Xiao-Ming , Zhang Yu-Qi , Peng Liu , Xue Xiang-Yang , Li Guo-Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the role of abnormally expressed mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We used lncRNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptome (mRNA and lncRNA) of five pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The total expression of mRNAs and lncRNAs in each sample was determined using the R package and the gene expression was calculated using normalized FPKM. The structural features and expression of all detected lncRNAs were compared with those of mRNAs. Differentially expressed mRNAs were selected to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The functional analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs was performed by analyzing the GO and KEGG enrichment of predicted cis-regulated target genes. A total of 18.2 × 108 reads were obtained by sequencing, in which the clean reads reached ≥ 94.67%, with a total of 245.2 G bases. The number of mRNAs and lncRNAs differentially expressed in CRC tissues and normal tissues were 113 and 6, respectively. Further predictive analysis of target genes of lncRNAs revealed that six lncRNA genes had potential cis-regulatory effects on 13 differentially expressed mRNA genes and co-expressed with 53 mRNAs. Up-regulated CTD-2256P15.4 and RP11-229P13.23 were the most important lncRNAs in these CRC tissues and involved in cell proliferation and pathway in cancer. In conclusion, our study provides evidence regarding the mRNA and lncRNA transcription in CRC tissues, as well as new insights into the lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in the development of CRC.
Study on a Marx generator with high‐voltage silicon‐stacks instead of isolating inductances
Authors: Chen Rong , Yang Jianhua , Cheng Xinbing , Qian Baoliang 
Published: February 2020

Marx generator is a voltage boosting device for power pulse compression, in which its capacitors are charged in parallel and discharged in series. To get a higher voltage boost ratio, high‐voltage silicon stacks have been applied to substitute the isolated inductances in this study. Experiments with two isolation modes in the Marx generator have been carried out. Experimental results reveal that the high‐voltage silicon stacks with the parameters of 50 kV/1 kA used in the Marx generator can increase the voltage step‐up ratio to 168.6:1, up from 141:1 and 162.9:1 when isolating inductances and silicon‐stacks with parameters of 50 kV/3 kA are applied, respectively. Moreover, the silicon stack‐isolating‐type Marx generator can almost eliminate the pre‐pulse existing on the load if the isolated inductances employed. Therefore, it is crucial to choose appropriate high‐voltage silicon stacks as the isolating devices in the Marx generator designed in this study.
Update Myokarditis
Authors: Könemann Stephanie , Beug Daniel , Dörr Marcus , Felix Stephan B. 
Published: February 2020

Was ist neu?
Diagnostisches Vorgehen Im Rahmen einer standardisierten Vorgehensweise kann die nichtinvasive kardiale Diagnostik erste Hinweise für das Vorliegen einer Myokarditis liefern, bevor mittels Myokardbiopsie anhand histologischer und immunhistochemischer Kriterien die Sicherung der Diagnose erfolgt. Bei Verdacht auf eine Myokarditis sollte zudem eine Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) durchgeführt werden, die mit hoher diagnostischer Güte den Nachweis einer Entzündung und eines Ödems als spezifische Myokarditis-Befunde ermöglicht und Aufschluss über die regionale Verteilung und Ausprägung der pathologischen Veränderungen gibt.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei der Myokarditis Bei Frauen sollte auch bei nur geringem Hinweis auf eine Myokarditis eine diagnostische Standardroutine erfolgen. Krankheitssymptome sowie die Erhöhung der Kreatinkinase und des Myoglobins sind bei ihnen weniger stark ausgeprägt als bei Männern.
Therapie Die Grundlage der Myokarditis-Therapie bildet die leitliniengerechte Behandlung der Symptome, einer eventuell bestehenden Herzinsuffizienz sowie, bei hämodynamischer Instabilität, eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung. Für den Nutzen spezifischer immunmodulatorischer oder immunsuppressiver Therapieansätze gibt es, mit Ausnahme der seltenen Riesenzellmyokarditis, derzeit noch keine gesicherten klinischen Daten.
ABCA4-Associated Stargardt Disease
Authors: Khan Mubeen , Cremers Frans P.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is associated with variants in the ABCA4 gene. The phenotypes range from early-onset STGD1, that clinically resembles severe cone-rod dystrophy, to intermediate STGD1 and late-onset STGD1. These different phenotypes can be correlated with different combinations of ABCA4 variants which can be classified according to their degree of severity. A significant fraction of STGD1 cases, particularly late-onset STGD1 cases, were shown to carry only a single ABCA4 variant. A frequent coding variant (p.Asn1868Ile) was recently identified which – in combination with a severe ABCA4 variant – is generally associated with late-onset STGD1. In addition, an increasing number of rare deep-intronic variants have been found and some of these are also associated with late-onset STGD1. The effect of these and other variants on ABCA4 RNA was tested using in vitro assays in human kidney cells using specially designed midigenes. With stem cells and photoreceptor progenitor cells derived from patient skin or blood cells, retina-specific splice defects can be assessed. With expert clinical examination to distinguish STGD1 cases from other maculopathies, as well as in-depth genomics and transcriptomics data, it is now possible to identify both mutant ABCA4 alleles in > 95% of cases.
Eindellende Operationen zur Behandlung der rhegmatogenen Amotio in Deutschland: ein Geist der Vergangenheit oder gelebte Praxis?
Authors: Bucher Felicitas , Daniel Moritz Claudius , Böhringer Daniel , Lange Clemens , Reinhard Thomas , Agostini Hansjürgen , Lang Stefan J. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung Eindellende Operationen und Vitrektomien stellen Behandlungsoptionen bei Netzhautablösungen dar. Vergleichende Studien räumen eindellenden Operationen, umgangssprachlich auch als Buckelchirurgie bezeichnet, besonders bei der Versorgung phaker Patienten einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Dennoch wird postuliert, dass die Häufigkeit eindellender Eingriffe deutlich abnehme. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Häufigkeit eindellender Eingriffe zur Behandlung von Netzhautablösungen in Deutschland über die Zeit darzustellen.
Material und Methoden Die Anzahl eindellender Operationen (OPS 5-152) und rhegmatogener Netzhautablösungen (ICD H33.0) in Deutschland zwischen 2006 und 2017 werden auf Datenbasis der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser sowie der fallpauschalenbezogenen Krankenhausstatistik (DRG-Statistik, German Diagnosis Related Groups) des Statistischen Bundesamts ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Laut Krankenhausqualitätsberichten fiel die Anzahl eindellender Eingriffe im Zeitraum von 2006 bis 2017 um 49% von 8841 auf 4510. Im selben Zeitraum stieg die Anzahl der unter H33.0 codierten Netzhautablösungen um 102% von 11 507 auf 23 314. Die deutlich abnehmende Zahl eindellender Eingriffe bei Amotio retinae bestätigte sich in der Analyse der DRG-Statistik, welche ebenfalls deren Abfall um 42% zeigte. Eine Aufschlüsselung der Daten nach Bundesländern und Patientenalter weist regionale wie auch altersabhängige Unterschiede in der Anwendungshäufigkeit eindellender Eingriffe auf.
Diskussion Die Daten zeigen eindrücklich, dass eindellende Operationen in Deutschland deutlich seltener durchgeführt werden als noch im Jahr 2006. Dennoch stellt die Buckelchirurgie mit ca. 4500 codierten Eingriffen im Jahr 2017 weiterhin eine wichtige und praktizierte Säule bei der Versorgung von Patienten mit Netzhautablösungen dar.
Inanspruchnahme der multidisziplinären spezialisierten Fallkonferenz im Freiburger Orbitazentrum
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Joachimsen Lutz , Stifter Julia , Reich Michael , Küchlin Sebastian , Böhringer Daniel , Metzger Marc , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen erfolgt zunehmend in interdisziplinären Zentren. Therapieentscheidungen werden dabei häufig im Rahmen von Fallkonferenzen getroffen. Erkrankungen der Orbita betreffen mehrere Disziplinen. Neben Augenärzten sind in erster Linie Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgen, HNO-Ärzte, Neurochirurgen, aber auch Pädiater, Strahlentherapeuten und Radiologen beteiligt. Ziel unserer Arbeit ist die Vorstellung einer multidisziplinären Fallkonferenz für Orbitaerkrankungen. Dargestellt werden die bisherige Inanspruchnahme, die Indikationen und die Therapieentscheidungen.Methoden Wir analysierten alle Patienten, welche von 2008 bis 2018 in der Fallkonferenz des Orbitazentrums des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg vorgestellt wurden, im Hinblick auf klinische Diagnose, histologische Diagnosen, Anzahl der operativen Eingriffe sowie Rate der interdisziplinären Therapieentscheidungen. Der Datensatz wurde vor Analyse vollständig anonymisiert.Ergebnisse Von 2008 bis 2018 wurden 545 Fälle in die wöchentliche Fallkonferenz eingebracht. Davon lagen 453 anonymisiert zur Auswertung vor. Das mediane Alter bei Vorstellung betrug  56 Jahre (Quartile 41; 69). Die häufigste Indikation war ein Orbitatumor unklarer Dignität (n = 52; 11%). Weitere Indikationen waren endokrine Orbitopathie (n = 39; 9%), Pseudotumor orbitae (n = 36; 8%), eine Augenmuskelparese (n = 22; 5%) oder ein Lymphom der Orbita (n = 22; 5%). Die häufigsten histologischen Diagnosen waren B-Zell-Lymphome (n = 10; 2%), kavernöses Hämangiom (n = 8; 2%), Marginalzonenlymphome (n = 8; 2%) und Plattenepithelkarzinome (n = 6; 1%). Bei 174 Patienten wurde ein konkretes Vorgehen interdisziplinär festgelegt.Schlussfolgerungen Es zeigt sich eine hohe Inanspruchnahme der Fallkonferenz Orbitazentrum am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg. Die hohe Anzahl an interdisziplinären Entscheidungen untermauert die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Konferenz. Den Patienten bleiben so mehrfache Untersuchungen in den einzelnen Fachabteilungen erspart und es können schnelle und effektive interdisziplinäre Therapieentscheidungen getroffen werden.
A Large, Severely Obstructive, Calcified Mass in the Midsegment of Aortic Arch
Authors: Patel Brijesh , Shah Mahek , Vyas Apurva , Misselbeck Timothy , Burke James A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSevere obstructive lesions in the aortic arch are rare. Crossing such lesions poses additional challenges in patients who require cardiac catheterizations. Oftentimes, specialized catheters are required to negotiate the lesion. Herein, we are reporting a series of case images that illustrate a severe lesion in the aortic arch during coronary angiography.
High-throughput quantitative microscopy-based half-life measurements of intravenously injected agents
Authors: Bracaglia Laura G. , Piotrowski-Daspit Alexandra S. , Lin Chun-Yu , Moscato Zoe M. , Wang Yongheng , Tietjen Gregory T. , Saltzman W. Mark 
Published: February 2020

Significance
The effectiveness of systemically delivered therapeutics is dependent on their residence time in circulation, as this parameter influences the frequency of interaction with intended target sites prior to elimination from the body. Consequently, measurements of circulation half-life in relevant animal models of disease can be essential to therapeutic design. We designed a high-throughput quantitative microscopy-based approach to accurately measure the blood concentration and circulation half-life of intravenously administered fluorescently labeled agents using only a small amount of blood volume. This platform can be used to analyze large sample volumes from multivariable studies without the need for specialized equipment or extensive sample processing and has the potential to significantly accelerate preclinical therapeutic screening.