bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of psychological interventions on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Lanini Iacopo , Amass Timothy , Bocciero Vittorio , Scirè Calabrisotto Caterina , Chelazzi Cosimo , Romagnoli Stefano , De Gaudio A. Raffaele , Lauro Grotto Rosapia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA maladaptive response to surgical stress might lead to postoperative complications. A multidisciplinary approach aimed at controlling the surgical stress response may reduce procedural complications and improve patients’ quality of life in the short and long term. Several studies suggest that psychological interventions may interact with the pathophysiology of surgical stress response, potentially influencing wound repair, innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, perception of pain, and patients’ mood. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the effects of perioperative psychological interventions on surgical pain and/or anxiety in adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery.We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials and observational studies involving psychological interventions for adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery. Only studies reporting pain and/or anxiety among outcome measures were included in the systematic review. The following psychological interventions were considered: (1) relaxation techniques, (2) cognitive-behavioural therapies, (3) mindfulness, (4) narrative medicine, (5) hypnosis and (6) coping strategies.We examined 2174 papers. Among these, 9 studies were considered eligible for inclusion in this systematic review (1126 patients cumulatively): 8 are randomised controlled trials and 1 is an observational prospective pre/post study.Psychological characteristics widely influence the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the neuroendocrine and inflammatory response to surgical stress, potentially interfering with surgical outcomes. Psychological interventions are technically feasible and realistically applicable perioperatively during abdominal and/or urologic surgery; they influence the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying maladaptive surgical stress response and might have positive effects on patients’ surgical outcomes, such as pain and anxiety.
Lophira lanceolata protects testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats
Authors: Agu Solomon Tsekohol , Ezihe Christian Okechukwu , Itodo Paul Friday , Abu Hyacinth Adakole 
Published: December 2020

Abstracts
Background
Chemotherapy is associated with male infertility. Cisplatin (CP), an antineoplastic agent has been successfully used for the treatment of diverse kinds of malignancies, however, the use of this effective agent could induce oxidative stress injury, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and testicular damage. Combined CP chemotherapy with plant extracts can diminish the toxicity and enhance the antitumor efficacy of the drug. The objective of the study was to determine the protective effect Lophira lanceolata leaf extract (LLLE) on CP-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs.

Methods
The study was carried out with 30 (n = 30) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Rats in group 1 (Control) were administered distilled water per os. Rats in group 2 were administered 5 mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally (i.p). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered per os LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and rats in groups 5 and 6 were administered 5 mg/kg body weight of CP + LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively.

Results
The results showed a significant decrease in the sperm parameters in the group treated with CP alone when compared with the control and there in the sperm parameters in the groups administered CP + LLLE. The body and organ weights of the rats were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CP treated group relative to the control. However, there was an increase in the weight of the organs in the LLLE pretreated groups. The photomicrographs showed degenerative changes in the testicular tissues of the rats administered CP alone whereas the group pretreated with the LLLE showed amelioration induced by the CP. Our study revealed that CP treatment has deleterious effects on sperm parameters and testicular tissues and the accessory sex organs (Epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles) of the rats. Oral administration of LLLE at 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight for 26 days conferred protective effects against testicular damage induced by CP.

Conclusion
This study revealed that pretreatment with LLLE protected against CP-induced testicular toxicity.
Population genomics of East Asian ethnic groups
Authors: Pan Ziqing , Xu Shuhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEast Asia constitutes one-fifth of the global population and exhibits substantial genetic diversity. However, genetic investigations on populations in this region have been largely under-represented compared with European populations. Nonetheless, the last decade has seen considerable efforts and progress in genome-wide genotyping and whole-genome sequencing of the East-Asian ethnic groups. Here, we review the recent studies in terms of ancestral origin, population relationship, genetic differentiation, and admixture of major East- Asian groups, such as the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese populations. We mainly focus on insights from the whole-genome sequence data and also include the recent progress based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome data. We further discuss the evolutionary forces driving genetic diversity in East-Asian populations, and provide our perspectives for future directions on population genetics studies, particularly on underrepresented indigenous groups in East Asia.
Cerebral sterile inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Otani Kento , Shichita Takashi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTherapeutic strategies for regulating neuroinflammation are expected in the development of novel therapeutic agents to prevent the progression of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. An understanding of the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation in each CNS disease is necessary for the development of therapeutics. Since the brain is a sterile organ, neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is triggered by cerebral cellular damage or the abnormal accumulation of inflammatogenic molecules in CNS tissue through the activation of innate and acquired immunity. Inflammation and CNS pathologies worsen each other through various cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress or the accumulation of inflammatogenic molecules induced in the damaged CNS tissue. In this review, we summarize the recent evidence regarding sterile immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases.
Comments on “The nature of theory in information systems”
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Dar Imran Bashir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis commentary is on Shirley Gregor’s (2006) article titled “The Nature of Theory in Information Systems”, published in MIS Quarterly. In terms of theories, five types have been prominent in Gregor’s classification: (a) Theory of Analyzing (b) Theory of Explaining (c) Theory of Prediction (d) Theory of Explaining and Predicting (e) Theory of Design and Action. The author argued that this can help researchers to choose a differing epistemological approach to develop a theory that is under development. Furthermore, a structural breakdown of the theory has been projected that gives a better and clear understanding of the essential parts of the theory to researchers. However, some important questions emerge after reading the most cited article about the nature of theory in IS. The major ones are: (a) What is the difference between theory in general and theory in IS?, (b) Are the structural parts of the theory described by Gregor exhaustive and correctly presented?, (c) Different classifications of theories presented by Gregor are theory or theorizing in nature, and finally, (d) Gregor argued that management scientists did not provide anything regarding design and action theory, is that true?
Head-to-head study of oxelumab and adalimumab in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis based on NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Jodeleit Henrika , Winkelmann Paula , Caesar Janina , Sterz Sebastian , Holdt Lesca M. , Beigel Florian , Stallhofer Johannes , Breiteneicher Simone , Bartnik Eckart , Leeuw Thomas , Siebeck Matthias , Gropp Roswitha 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
This study's aim was to demonstrate that the combination of patient immune profiling and testing in a humanized mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) might lead to patient stratification for treatment with oxelumab. First, immunological profiles of UC patients and non-UC donors were analyzed for CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 (CD134; also known as TNFRSF4) and CD14+ monocytes expressing OX40L (CD252; also known as TNFSF4) by flow cytometric analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups for CD14+ OX40L+ (UC: n=11, 85.44±21.17, mean±s.d.; non-UC: n=5, 30.7±34.92; P=0.02), whereas no significant difference was detected for CD4+ OX40+. CD14+ OX40L+ monocytes were correlated significantly with T helper 1 and 2 cells. Second, NOD/Scid IL2Rγ null mice were reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from UC donors exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L, and the efficacy of oxelumab was compared with that of adalimumab. The clinical, colon and histological scores and the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and glutamic acid were assessed. Treatment with oxelumab or adalimumab resulted in significantly reduced clinical, colon and histological scores, reduced serum concentrations of IL-6 and reduced frequencies of splenic human effector memory T cells and switched B cells. Comparison of the efficacy of adalimumab and oxelumab by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis revealed that oxelumab was slightly superior to adalimumab; however, elevated serum concentrations of glutamic acid suggested ongoing inflammation. These results suggest that oxelumab addresses the pro-inflammatory arm of inflammation while promoting the remodeling arm and that patients exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L might benefit from treatment with oxelumab.
Rheotaxis revisited: a multi-behavioral and multisensory perspective on how fish orient to flow
Authors: Coombs Sheryl , Bak-Coleman Joe , Montgomery John 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Here, we review fish rheotaxis (orientation to flow) with the goal of placing it within a larger behavioral and multisensory context. Rheotaxis is a flexible behavior that is used by fish in a variety of circumstances: to search for upstream sources of current-borne odors, to intercept invertebrate drift and, in general, to conserve energy while preventing downstream displacement. Sensory information available for rheotaxis includes water-motion cues to the lateral line and body-motion cues to visual, vestibular or tactile senses when fish are swept downstream. Although rheotaxis can be mediated by a single sense, each sense has its own limitations. For example, lateral line cues are limited by the spatial characteristics of flow, visual cues by water visibility, and vestibular and other body-motion cues by the ability of fish to withstand downstream displacement. The ability of multiple senses to compensate for any single-sense limitation enables rheotaxis to persist over a wide range of sensory and flow conditions. Here, we propose a mechanism of rheotaxis that can be activated in parallel by one or more senses; a major component of this mechanism is directional selectivity of central neurons to broad patterns of water and/or body motions. A review of central mechanisms for vertebrate orienting behaviors and optomotor reflexes reveals several motorsensory integration sites in the CNS that could be involved in rheotaxis. As such, rheotaxis provides an excellent opportunity for understanding the multisensory control of a simple vertebrate behavior and how a simple motor act is integrated with others to form complex behaviors.
Making Marketplaces Safe: Dominant Individual Rationality and Applications to Market Design
Authors: Roth Benjamin N. , Shorrer Ran I. 
Published: December 2020

Often market designers cannot force agents to join a marketplace rather than using pre-existing institutions. We propose a new desideratum for marketplace design that guarantees the safety of participation: dominant individual rationality (DIR). A marketplace is DIR if every pre-existing strategy is weakly dominated by some strategy within the marketplace. We study applications to the design of labor markets and the sharing economy. We also provide a general construction to achieve approximate DIR across a wide range of marketplace designs. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
What Determines the Return to Bribery? Evidence from Corruption Cases Worldwide
Authors: Cheung Yan-Leung , Rau P. Raghavendra , Stouraitis Aris 
Published: December 2020

We analyze a hand-collected sample of bribery cases from around the world to describe how the payment of bribes affects shareholder value. The net present value of a bribe conditional on getting caught is close to zero for the median firm in our sample. However, controlling for industry, country, and firm characteristics, a $1 increase in the size of the bribe is associated with an ex ante $6–$9 increase in the value of the firm, suggesting a correlation between the size of bribes and the size of available benefits. Proxies for information disclosure appear significant in explaining these benefits with more disclosure associated with lower benefits. However, this result is driven by democratic countries where bribe-paying firms receive smaller benefits relative to the bribes they pay. Information disclosure is not significant in autocratic countries. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
TÓPICOS ESPECIAIS A RESPEITO DA RETÓRICA CLÁSSICA
Authors: Oliveira Luciene De Lima 
Published: December 2020

Para obter a persuasão de seus semelhantes, o homem busca meios de aperfeiçoar a linguagem, a fim de que outros componentes da sociedade sejam influenciados e, por conseguinte, convencidos, de modo a criar uma cumplicidade entre ambos: o enunciador / o enunciatário. O uso da retórica é uma constante na história das sociedades as mais diversas. Os homens, ao interagirem, empregaram a linguagem de modo eloquente, buscando se entender e conseguir o assentimento uns dos outros, antes mesmo da existência de tomarem a si a tarefa de ensinar, elaborar teorias e escrever obras de retórica. Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por escopo tecer comentários sobre as possíveis origens e funções da retórica, além de outras informações como, por exemplo, a relação entre a retórica e o cristianismo.
Processing for dispersive intensity-modulation and direct-detection fiber-optic communications
Authors: Zhou Ji , Wang Haide , Feng Yuanhua , Liu Weiping , Gao Shecheng , Yu Changyuan , Li Zhaohui 
Published: December 2020

In intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) fiber-optic communications, it is hard to pre- or post-compensate for chromatic dispersion (CD) by digital signal processing due to one-dimensional modulation and detection. In this Letter, we propose joint optical and digital signal processing to effectively compensate for CD-caused distortions for IM/DD optical systems. As a reasonable optical signal processing, negative chirp based on self-phase modulation can suppress a part of CD to take pressure off digital signal processing. Digital signal processing is designed based on the model of a dispersive channel to accurately compensate for CD-caused distortions. To the best of our knowledge, we present a record C-band 72 Gbit/s optical on–off keying over 100 km dispersion-uncompensated link (i.e.,

∼

1700

ps

/

nm

dispersion), achieving a 7% hard-decision forward error correction limit. We conclude that joint optical and digital signal processing is effective in dealing with CD-caused distortions to achieve a higher capacity–distance product in IM/DD fiber-optic communications.
Assessing clinical quality performance and staffing capacity differences between urban and rural Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers in the United States: A cross sectional study
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Chen Xiao , Lu Connie , Zhou Weihao , Hoang Hank , Sripipatana Alek 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn the United States, there are nearly 1,400 Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers (HCs) serving low-income and underserved populations and more than 600 of these HCs are located in rural areas. Disparities in quality of medical care in urban vs. rural areas exist but data on such differences between urban and rural HCs is limited in the literature. We examined whether urban and rural HCs differed in their performance on clinical quality measures before and after controlling for patient, organizational, and contextual characteristics.Methods and findingsWe used the 2017 Uniform Data System to examine performance on clinical quality measures between urban and rural HCs (n = 1,373). We used generalized linear regression models with the logit link function and binomial distribution, controlling for confounding factors. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found on par performance between urban and rural HCs in all but one clinical quality measure. Rural HCs had lower rates of linking patients newly diagnosed with HIV to care (74% [95% CI: 69%, 80%] vs. 83% [95% CI: 80%, 86%]). We identified control variables that systematically accounted for eliminating urban vs. rural differences in performance on clinical quality measures. We also found that both urban and rural HCs had some clinical quality performance measures that were lower than available national benchmarks. Main limitations included potential discrepancy of urban or rural designation across all HC sites within a HC organization.ConclusionsFindings highlight HCs’ contributions in addressing rural disparities in quality of care and identify opportunities for improvement. Performance in both rural and urban HCs may be improved by supporting programs that increase the availability of providers, training, and provision of technical resources.
A Rare Presentation of Omental Lymphangioma Masquerading as Malignancy in an Adult Patient
Authors: Alameri Aws , Museedi Abdulrahman , Nashawi Mouhamed , Ghalli Abdullah , Nathanson Robert 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Abdominal lymphangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms of the lymphatic vessels. Most are believed to be congenital, and they rarely present in the abdomen in adults. Omental lymphangiomas, in particular, are especially rare and can masquerade as malignancy, which requires further invasive workup. We report the case of an otherwise healthy man with abdominal discomfort, ascites, and a presentation initially concerning for malignancy. However, imaging and pathologic analyses later elucidated the lesion as an omental lymphangioma requiring different management. Treatment options are either resection or sclerotherapy, and the prognosis is generally excellent.
Persistent Encephalopathy in a Noncirrhotic Patient: Do not Shun This Shunt
Authors: Kassamali Farah , Hu Steve , Roytman Marina 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
A portosystemic venous shunt is the formation of an abnormal connection between the portal vein and a systemic vein, allowing blood to bypass the liver. Portosystemic shunts are usually believed to be due to portal hypertension in the setting of underlying hepatic disease. We report a case of large, spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a noncirrhotic patient contributing to recurrent hepatic encephalopathy, also known as type B encephalopathy. Management of portosystemic encephalopathy involves occlusion of the shunt by endovascular management.
Small Ruminant Community Breeding Program in Indonesia
Authors: Tiesnamurti Bess , Sinulingga S E , Gatenby R M 
Published: December 2020

This paper outlines the principles of community breeding programs, reviews similar programs that have been conducted in Indonesia, as well as proposing improvements.<strong> </strong>Community breeding programs (CBP) are a method for genetic improvement of livestock, with voluntary participation of farmers, using animals belonging to the farmers, by defining breeding objectives and selection criteria or traits, selecting the best males of the group, performance testing and distributing males to the farmers. Farmers have the ownership of the program and contribute to the sustainability of the program, marketability of the products according the needs of the farmers, as well as strengthening farmers institutions. There are breeding scehemes of one tier, two tier and three tier that can be implemented to achieve the goals of genetic improvement. Several CBP has been carried out scatteredly, however improvements have to be made such as by long term financial support, strong commitment from breeders, mentoring by academias, data management and analysis as well as economic assessment. Therefore, a more masive and sustainable CBP should be conducted to improve the genetic quality of sheep and goat in Indonesia.
Etiopathogenetic parallels and unresolved issues of pathogenesis of comorbidity COPD and metabolic syndrome (review)
Authors: Voronkova Olga V. , Saprina Tatyana V. , Bukreeva Ekaterina B. , Zima Anastasia P. 
Published: December 2020

The review analyzes the etiological and pathogenetic factors (including immunopathogenesis factors) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and metabolic syndrome (MS), cites data on clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of combined pathology, emphasizes the commonality of risk factors and individual links of pathogenesis in syntropy.The clinical and pathogenetic features of the comorbidity of COPD and MS are closely related to the severity of chronic “metabolic” inflammation induced by elements of adipose tissue. Functional and biochemical disorders recorded in metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) are considered as factors contributing to dysfunction of the components of innate and adaptive immunity.The review formulates a number of unresolved issues of the pathogenesis of comorbid pathology, the study of which is necessary to search for the mutual aggravating effect of COPD and MS mechanisms. In view of the clinical and laboratory metabolic syndrome equivalents variety, the authors emphasize the relevance of future studies of the pathogenetic features of chronic inflammation associated with the comorbidity of the main components of metabolic syndrome and COPD, to develop effective methods of prevention and pathogenetic therapy of comorbid pathology.