bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of robot‐assisted spine surgeries on clinical outcomes: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Junyu , Fang Yanming , Jin Zhao , Wang Yuchen , Yu Miao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical robotics has enabled a significant advancement in the field of modern spine surgery, especially in pedicle screw fixation. A plethora of studies focused on the accuracy of pedicle fixation in robotic‐assisted (RA) technology. However, it is not clear whether RA techniques can improve patients' clinical outcomes.MethodsWe retrieved relevant studies that compare the differences between RA and freehand (FH) techniques in spine surgeries from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The perioperative outcomes of this technology were measured with parameters including radiation exposure, operative time, the length of hospital stay, complication rates and revision rates. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies in our sample, assessed their validity and extracted relevant data.ResultsOur search resulted in a sample of 23 eligible studies, which involved 1247 patients (5042 pedicle screws) in the RA group and 1273 patients (4830 pedicle screws) in the FH group. With regard to the radiation exposure, the fluoroscopy time was less in surgeries assisted by Mazor robots (standard mean difference [SMD] = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.60 to −0.31) but more in Tianji robots (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.17 to 1.66) and ROSA robots (SMD = 2.57, 95% CI = 2.01 to 3.13). For radiation dose, a decrease was observed in Tianji robots (SMD = −1.59, 95% CI = −2.13 to −1.05). In the lumbar subgroup, the use of robots increased the operative time (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.86). In the degenerative diseases (DG) group, there was a significant decrease in the length of hospital stay when robots were introduced (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI = −0.48 to −0.12). While in the DF (deformity) and DG group, a significant increase was found (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.32). The complication (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.66) and the revision rates (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.60) showed a significant decrease in the RA group compared to the conventional FH group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that RA spine surgeries would result in fewer complications, a lower revision rate and shorter length of hospital stay. As the technology continues to evolve, we may expect more applications of robotic systems in spine surgeries.
Automatic monitoring of service reliability for web applications: a simulation‐based approach
Authors: Kim Sundeuk , Suh Ilhyun , Chung Yon Dohn 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWith the recent development of Internet technologies, various web browser‐based applications and services, such as Google and Facebook, are provided. Although many web applications and services make life more efficient for users, they may become unavailable for various reasons. This can have substantial negative impacts on both users and service providers. 24/7/365 web services are especially critical in enterprise environments for establishing their business continuity. For this reason, real‐time service monitoring is the most vital factor for web application providers. Various methods to monitor web applications reliability have been proposed over the past years. However, existing approaches concentrate more on functional testing rather than considering the users perspective. Also, they cannot monitor web applications that rely on web browser application programming interfaces (APIs) or client programmes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called SAM, which can pinpoint web application failures, including those that require browser APIs or client programmes. We describe the implementation of the SAM system and present the results of an empirical evaluation of a real‐world web application
Punching‐shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to unidirectional in‐plane tensile forces
Authors: Fernández Pablo G. , Marí Antonio , Oller Eva 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome reinforced concrete slabs are subjected simultaneously to concentrated loads and unidirectional in‐plane tensile forces. This the case of the top slab of a box girder bridge where hogging bending moments take place at the intermediate supports. Then, the in‐plane tensile forces may reduce the punching‐shear strength under concentrated loads. This paper describes an experimental campaign carried out to investigate the effect of unidirectional in‐plane tensile forces on the punching‐shear strength of RC slabs. A total of, five slabs (1,650 × 1,650 × 120 mm), subjected to different levels of in‐plane tensile forces were tested under a concentrated load up to failure. As observed, the punching‐shear strength diminishes almost linearly as the tensile force increases, up to a certain point associated to concrete cracking. From that point on, the reduction of punching strength is larger since the tensile force at the crack must be resisted by the reinforcement, which yields prematurely.
Development and evaluation of [125I]IPPI for Tau imaging in postmortem human Alzheimer's disease brain
Authors: Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Liang Christopher , Patel Krystal K. , Lam Phuc Q. , Mondal Rommani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by aggregation of Tau protein into paired helical filaments causing neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel radioiodinated tracer, 6‐[125I]iodo‐3‐(1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyridine‐1‐yl)isoquinoline ([125I]IPPI), for binding to Tau protein (Ki = 0.75 nM) in postmortem human brain (AD and cognitively normal (CN). Methods: Radiosynthesis of [125I]IPPI was carried out by radioiododestannylation and purified chromatographically. Computational modeling studies of IPPI and MK‐6240 binding on Tau fibril were evaluated. In vitro autoradiography studies were carried out with [3H]PIB for Aβ plaques and [125I]IPPI for Tau in AD and CN brains and evaluate drug effects. Results: [125I]IPPI was produced in >95% purity. Molecular modeling of IPPI revealed binding energies of IPPI (−7.8, −8.1, −8.2, −7.5 Kcal/mol) at the four sites were comparable to MK‐6240 (−8.7, −8.5, −8.3, −7.5 Kcal/mol). Ratio of average grey matter (GM) [125I]IPPI in AD versus CN was found to be 7.31 (p = .07) and AD GM/ white matter (WM) = 4.35 (p = .09). Ratio of average GM/WM [125I]IPPI in CN was 1.21. Binding of [125I]IPPI correlated with the presence of Tau, confirmed by anti‐Tau Dako A0024. Specifically bound [125I]IPPI to Tau in AD brains was displaced by MK‐6240 and IPPI (>90%). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) inhibitors deprenyl and clorgyline effected [125I]IPPI binding at >1 µM concentrations. Conclusion: [125I]IPPI exhibited high binding in human AD frontal cortex and anterior cingulate and is a suitable radioiodinated ligand for Tau imaging.
Blood Pressure-Lowering Therapy
Authors: Sudano Isabella , Osto Elena , Ruschitzka Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtensive evidence demonstrates that lowering blood pressure can substantially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death.In light of the latest 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Joint Guidelines, we summarize the current recommendations about lifestyle intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, and device-based treatments for the management of arterial hypertension. Special attention is given to direct effects exerted by some antihypertensive drugs targeting vascular wall cell components that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Thermodynamic Environment During the 2009 Burkina Faso and 2012 Nigeria Flood Disasters: Case Study
Authors: Balogun R. Ayodeji , Adefisan E. Adesanya , Adeyewa Z. Debo , Okogbue E. Chilekwu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCritical or extreme atmospheric conditions which could result in flood disasters are important output for numerical weather forecast. This research applied thermodynamic variables to investigate the environment of two flood scenarios in West Africa as captured by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite. Results from the two case studies of flood events, in (i) Burkina Faso and (ii) Nigeria savannah, investigated in this research work, indicated that the September 1st 2009 flood, which was as a result of a single volumetric rainfall event of 408,070.60 ((mm/h)*km2) with 65% convective region in Burkina Faso, was initiated by interactions between extremely large lower tropospheric wind shear and cold pool dynamics. The case of the Nigeria savannah floods between July and September, 2012, was triggered by both continuous rainfall and release of water from the lagdo dam in Cameroon, which affected most of the communities in the river Benue axis. The continuous rainfalls were found to be as a result of extremely high convergence of moisture in the river Benue axis at different locations and periods. One of such rainfall events, as captured by TRMM satellite during September 29, 2012 in the Nigeria rainforest zone, indicated that the volumetric rainfall is 351,310.9 ((mm/h)*km2) with only 34% convective portion. From these results, it can be deduced that a combination of thermodynamic environmental variables, volume rainfall, and other satellite-derived convective parameters could provide important information for flood forecasting.
Light quark mediated Higgs boson threshold production in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation
Authors: Anastasiou Charalampos , Penin Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the amplitude of the Higgs boson production in gluon fusion mediated by a light quark loop and evaluate the logarithmically enhanced radiative corrections to the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation which sums up the terms of the form $$ {\alpha}_s^n{\ln}^{2n-1}\left({m}_H/{m}_q\right) $$

α
s
n

ln

2
n
−
1

m
H

/

m
q

to all orders in the strong coupling constant. This result is used for the calculation of the process cross section near the production threshold and gives a quantitative estimate of the three and four-loop bottom quark contribution to the Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider.
Magnetic quivers from brane webs with O5 planes
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Grimminger Julius F. , Hanany Amihay , Sperling Marcus , Zhong Zhenghao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Magnetic quivers have led to significant progress in the understanding of gauge theories with 8 supercharges at UV fixed points. For a given low-energy gauge theory realised via a Type II brane construction, there exist magnetic quivers for the Higgs branches at finite and infinite gauge coupling. Comparing these moduli spaces allows one to study the non-perturbative effects when transitioning to the fixed point. For 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SQCD, 5-brane webs have been an important tool for deriving magnetic quivers. In this work, the emphasis is placed on 5-brane webs with orientifold 5-planes which give rise to 5d theories with orthogonal or symplectic gauge groups. For this set-up, the magnetic quiver prescription is derived and contrasted against a unitary magnetic quiver description extracted from an O7− construction. Further validation is achieved by a derivation of the associated Hasse diagrams. An important class of families considered are the orthogonal exceptional En families (−∞ < n ≤ 8), realised as infinite coupling Higgs branches of Sp(k) gauge theories with fundamental matter. In particular, the moduli spaces are realised by a novel type of magnetic quivers, called unitary-orthosymplectic quivers.
Leading fermionic three-loop corrections to electroweak precision observables
Authors: Chen Lisong , Freitas Ayres 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Future electron-position colliders, such as the CEPC, FCC-ee, and ILC have the capability to dramatically improve the experimental precision for W and Z-boson masses and couplings. This would enable indirect probes of physics beyond the Standard Model at multi-TeV scales. For this purpose, one must complement the experimental measurements with equally precise calculations for the theoretical predictions of these quantities within the Standard Model, including three-loop electroweak corrections. This article reports on the calculation of a subset of these corrections, stemming from diagrams with three closed fermion loops to the following quantities: the prediction of the W-boson mass from the Fermi constant, the effective weak mixing angle, and partial and total widths of the Z boson. The numerical size of these corrections is relatively modest, but non-negligible compared to the precision targets of future colliders. In passing, an error is identified in previous results for the two-loop corrections to the Z width, with a small yet non-zero numerical impact.
Loop operators in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 fishnet theories
Authors: Wu Jun-bao , Tian Jia , Chen Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, we study the line and loop operators in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 fishnet theories in detail. We construct the straight line and circular loop operators which are at least classically half-BPS. We develop a new regularization scheme at frame −1 which is suitable for the study of the fermionic BPS loops in general super-Chern-Simons- matter theories. We initialize the perturbative computation for the vacuum expectation values of the circular BPS loop operators based on this scheme. We construct the cusped line operators as well, and compute the vacuum expectation values of these cusped line operators up to two-loop order. We find that the universal cusp anomalous dimension vanishes, if we put aside the fact that the generalized potential has a double pole in the 1/ϵ expansion.
Nuclear p⊥-broadening of Drell-Yan and quarkonium production from SPS to LHC
Authors: Arleo François , Naïm Charles-Joseph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The nuclear p⊥-broadening of Drell-Yan and quarkonium (J/ψ, Υ) production in πA and pA collisions is investigated. The world data follow a simple scaling from SPS to LHC energies, once the process-dependent color factors are properly taken into account, which allows for the extraction of the transport coefficient in cold nuclear matter. We find that $$ \hat{q}(x)\propto {x}^{-\alpha } $$

q
̂

x

∝

x

−
α

with α = 0.25–0.30. The magnitude of the transport coefficient at x = 10−2 is $$ {\hat{q}}_0=0.051\;{\mathrm{GeV}}^2/\mathrm{fm} $$

q
̂

0

=
0.051

GeV
2

/
fm
and $$ {\hat{q}}_0=0.075\;{\mathrm{GeV}}^2/\mathrm{fm} $$

q
̂

0

=
0.075

GeV
2

/
fm
qˆ0 = 0.075 GeV2/fm, whether $$ Q\overline{Q} $$
Q

Q
¯

pairs are assumed to be produced as color octet or color singlet states, respectively. The relation between nuclear broadening data and the (CT14) gluon density is also investigated.
The functional characteristics of optogenetic gene therapy for vision restoration
Authors: Lindner Moritz , Gilhooley Michael J. , Peirson Stuart N. , Hughes Steven , Hankins Mark W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptogenetic strategies to restore vision in patients blind from end-stage retinal degenerations aim to render remaining retinal neurons light-sensitive. We present an innovative combination of multi-electrode array recordings together with a complex pattern-generating light source as a toolset to determine the extent to which neural retinal responses to complex light stimuli can be restored following viral delivery of red-shifted channelrhodopsin in the retinally degenerated mouse. Our data indicate that retinal output level spatiotemporal response characteristics achieved by optogenetic gene therapy closely parallel those observed for normal mice but equally reveal important limitations, some of which could be mitigated using bipolar-cell targeted gene-delivery approaches. As clinical trials are commencing, these data provide important new information on the capacity and limitations of channelrhodopsin-based gene therapies. The toolset we established enables comparing optogenetic constructs and stem-cell-based techniques, thereby providing an efficient and sensitive starting point to identify future approaches for vision restoration.
Externe wissenschaftliche Evaluation der ersten Teledermatologie-App ohne direkten Patientenkontakt in Deutschland („Online Hautarzt – AppDoc“)
Authors: Sondermann Wiebke , von Kalle Christof , Utikal Jochen S. , Schadendorf Dirk , Esser Stefan , Durani Benjamin , Durani Hendrike , Jansen Martin , Brinker Titus J. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Teledermatologie adressiert das Problem des Fachärztemangels und der oft langen Wartezeit auf einen Termin beim Dermatologen. Das Modellprojekt „Online Hautarzt – AppDoc“ ermöglicht eine schnelle anonyme fachärztliche Begutachtung und wurde am 22.10.2018 von der Landesärztekammer Baden-Württemberg als Modellprojekt für 2 Jahre genehmigt.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Präsentation der ersten realen Versorgungsdaten für die deutsche Teledermatologie im Rahmen der externen Qualitätssicherung des Modellprojektes „Online Hautarzt – AppDoc“.

Material und Methoden
Anonyme Datensätze, die zwischen dem 21.11.2018 und 01.08.2019 bei „Online Hautarzt – AppDoc“ eingesendet wurden, wurden an der Universitäts-Hautklinik Essen qualitativ und quantitativ analysiert. Zusätzlich zur Auswertung der bislang eingesendeten Datensätze wurden 100 eingesandte Fälle fachärztlich zweitbegutachtet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt flossen 1364 Fälle (60,4 % Männer, 39,6 % Frauen) in die jetzige erste externe wissenschaftliche Evaluation ein. In 90,3 % der Fälle war die Stellung einer Ferndiagnose möglich. Die beiden häufigsten Diagnosen waren verschiedene Ekzemformen (n = 270) und Nävi (n = 163). Fast zwei Drittel der Patienten (64,3 %) konnten rein teledermatologisch behandelt werden. Die stichprobenartige Zweitbegutachtung von 100 Fällen ergab eine Übereinstimmung der Diagnose unter Einbeziehung der Differenzialdiagnose(n) in 97 % der Fälle.

Diskussion
Die erste externe wissenschaftliche Evaluation des Modellprojektes „Online Hautarzt – AppDoc“ ergab, dass die Reduktion von räumlichen und zeitlichen Barrieren einer hautfachärztlichen Begutachtung sowie die teledermatologische Triage bislang gelungen sind.
Electricity derivatives: an application to the futures Italian market
Authors: Casula Laura , Masala Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the liberalization of electricity markets, electricity prices are more volatile and expansion in electricity derivatives trading occurs. Indeed, a well-known feature of electricity prices concerns its high volatility. For this reason, operators use power futures to hedge against unexpected risk deriving from adverse fluctuations of spot prices within the planned delivering period. Indeed, futures contracts permit to fix the price of electricity in advance for the use in the scheduled period. Our paper is devoted specifically to the Italian electricity market. In this respect, we examine empirical data from IDEX, the Energy Derivatives part of the Italian derivatives market IDEM, administered by “Borsa Italiana.” We finally survey the possible connections concerning futures and spot prices and, as a consequence, we deduce information about important indicators whereof the ex-post risk premium and the net convenience yield. For this purpose, we use several regression techniques to determine suitable explanatory variables inherent the Italian market for the ex-post risk premium and the net convenience yield.
Navigating Climate Adaptation on Public Lands: How Views on Ecosystem Change and Scale Interact with Management Approaches
Authors: Clifford Katherine R. , Yung Laurie , Travis William R. , Rondeau Renee , Neely Betsy , Rangwala Imtiaz , Burkardt Nina , Wyborn Carina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManagers are increasingly being asked to integrate climate change adaptation into public land management. The literature discusses a range of adaptation approaches, including managing for resistance, resilience, and transformation; but many strategies have not yet been widely tested. This study employed in-depth interviews and scenario-based focus groups in the Upper Gunnison Basin in Colorado to learn how public land managers envision future ecosystem change, and how they plan to utilize different management approaches in the context of climate adaptation. While many managers evoked the past in thinking about projected climate impacts and potential responses, most managers in this study acknowledged and even embraced (if reluctantly) that many ecosystems will experience regime shifts in the face of climate change. However, accepting that future ecosystems will be different from past ecosystems led managers in different directions regarding how to respond and the appropriate role of management intervention. Some felt management actions should assist and even guide ecosystems toward future conditions. Others were less confident in projections and argued against transformation. Finally, some suggested that resilience could provide a middle path, allowing managers to help ecosystems adapt to change without predicting future ecosystem states. Scalar challenges and institutional constraints also influenced how managers thought about adaptation. Lack of institutional capacity was believed to constrain adaptation at larger scales. Resistance, in particular, was considered impractical at almost any scale due to institutional constraints. Managers negotiated scalar challenges and institutional constraints by nesting different approaches both spatially and temporally.
Recruitment of coral reef fishes along a cross-shelf gradient in the Red Sea peaks outside the hottest season
Authors: Robitzch Vanessa , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnowledge on the early life history, ecology, and biology of marine species is crucial for future projections of the resilience of coral reef ecosystems and for adequate management strategies. A fundamental component of population dynamics is the recruitment of new individuals, and in some marine populations, this may be a limiting factor. Recruitment peaks of coral reef fishes commonly occur during the warmer months of the year in many subtropical and temperate locations worldwide. In the Red Sea, very little is known about the influence of temperature on reproductive patterns of coral reef fishes and studies on recruitment are missing. The Red Sea is one of the hottest and most isolated tropical seas in the world. We hypothesized that sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during the Red Sea’s hottest season may exceed the optimum for successful recruitment of some coral reef fishes, which therefore has to occur during other, cooler seasons, unlike recruitment among coral reef ecosystems around the world. We identified taxa among fish recruits by matching mitochondrial DNA sequences (using COI, commonly known as “barcoding”) and assessed potential biological and environmental drivers of recruitment. We studied three reefs located along a cross-shelf gradient for 12 consecutive months in the central Red Sea to capture seasonal changes in biotic and abiotic parameters along this gradient. Our results indicated that recruitment peaks did not occur during the hottest SSTs for most taxa, especially at the hottest inshore and mid-shelf reefs, and identified fish recruitment to be mainly and strongly correlated with the biomass of planktonic invertebrates. Moreover, temporal patterns of fish recruitment differed within and among taxonomic families among the reefs.