bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating a walking intervention for health professional delivery within primary care: A mixed‐methods treatment fidelity assessment
Authors: Williams Stefanie L. , McSharry Jennifer , Taylor Claire , Dale Jeremy , Michie Susan , French David P. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesExisting fidelity studies of physical activity interventions are limited in methodological quality and rigour, particularly those delivered by health care providers in clinical settings. The present study aimed to enhance and assess the fidelity of a walking intervention delivered by health care providers within general practice in line with the NIH Behavior Change Consortium treatment fidelity framework.DesignTwo practice nurses and six health care assistants delivered a theory‐based walking intervention to 63 patients in their own practices. A cross‐sectional mixed‐methods study assessed fidelity related to treatment delivery and treatment receipt, from the perspectives of health care providers and patients.MethodsAll providers received training and demonstrated delivery competence prior to the trial. Delivery of intervention content was coded from audio‐recordings using a standardized checklist. Qualitative interviews with 12 patients were conducted to assess patient perspectives of treatment receipt and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsOverall, 78% of intervention components were delivered as per the protocol (range 36–91%), with greater fidelity for components requiring active engagement from patients (e.g., completion of worksheets). The qualitative data highlighted differences in patients’ comprehension of specific intervention components. Understanding of, and engagement with, motivational components aimed at improving self‐efficacy was poorer than for volitional planning components.ConclusionsHigh levels of fidelity of delivery were demonstrated. However, patient‐, provider‐, and component‐level factors impacted on treatment delivery and receipt. We recommend that methods for the enhancement and assessment of treatment fidelity are consistently implemented to enhance the rigour of physical activity intervention research.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Physical activity interventions delivered within primary care by health professionals have so far demonstrated limited impact on behaviour change initiation and maintenance.

Treatment fidelity enhancement and assessment strategies can support the successful translation of behaviour change interventions into real‐life settings.

Few studies have examined treatment fidelity within the context of physical activity interventions, particularly within clinical settings, and existing fidelity studies are limited by methodological quality and rigour.

What does this study add?

High levels of fidelity were found for a physical activity intervention delivered in primary care.

Patient‐, provider‐, and component‐level factors may impact on treatment delivery and receipt.

The implementation of best practice fidelity recommendations can support near‐optimal fidelity.
Quantitative monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Sugimori Makoto , Sugimori Kazuya , Tsuchiya Hiromi , Suzuki Yoshimasa , Tsuyuki Sho , Kaneta Yoshihiro , Hirotani Akane , Sanga Katsuyuki , Tozuka Yuichiro , Komiyama Satoshi , Sato Takeshi , Tezuka Shun , Goda Yoshihiro , Irie Kuniyasu , Miwa Haruo , Miura Yuuki , Ishii Tomohiro , Kaneko Takashi , Nagahama Masatsugu , Shibata Wataru , Nozaki Akito , Maeda Shin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccording to cancer genome sequences, more than 90% of cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbor active KRAS mutations. Digital PCR (dPCR) enables accurate detection and quantification of rare mutations. We assessed the dynamics of circulating tumor DNA (ct‐DNA) in patients with advanced PDAC undergoing chemotherapy using dPCR. KRAS G12/13 mutation was assayed by dPCR in 47 paired tissue‐ and ct‐DNA samples. The 21 patients were subjected to quantitative ct‐DNA monitoring at 4 to 8‐week intervals during chemotherapy. KRAS mutation was detected in 45 of those 47 patients using tissue DNA. In the KRAS mutation‐negative cases, next‐generation sequencing revealed KRAS Q61K and NRAS Q61R mutations. KRAS mutation was detected in 23/45 cases using ct‐DNA (liver or lung metastasis, 18/19; mutation allele frequency [MAF], 0.1%‐31.7%; peritoneal metastasis, 3/9 [0.1%], locally advanced, 2/17 [0.1%‐0.2%]). In the ct‐DNA monitoring, the MAF value changed in concordance with the disease state. In the 6 locally advanced cases, KRAS mutation appeared concurrently with liver metastasis. Among the 6 cases with liver metastasis, KRAS mutation disappeared during the duration of stable disease or a partial response, and reappeared at the time of progressive disease. The median progression‐free survival was longer in cases in which KRAS mutation disappeared after an initial course of chemotherapy than in those in which it was continuously detected (248.5 vs 50 days, P < .001). Therefore, ct‐DNA monitoring enables continuous assessment of disease state and could have prognostic utility during chemotherapy.
Young Children’s Mathematical Learning From Intelligent Characters
Authors: Calvert Sandra L. , Putnam Marisa M. , Aguiar Naomi R. , Ryan Rebecca M. , Wright Charlotte A. , Liu Yi Hui Angella , Barba Evan 
Published: November 2019

Children’s math learning (N = 217;Mage = 4.87 years; 63% European American, 96% college‐educated families) from an intelligent character game was examined via social meaningfulness (parasocial relationships [PSRs]) and social contingency (parasocial interactions, e.g., math talk). In three studies (data collected in the DC area: 12/2015–10/2017), children’s parasocial relationships and math talk with the intelligent character predicted quicker, more accurate math responses during virtual game play. Children performed better on a math transfer task with physical objects when exposed to an embodied character (Study 2), and when the character used socially contingent replies, which was mediated by math talk (Study 3). Results suggest that children’s parasocial relationships and parasocial interactions with intelligent characters provide new frontiers for 21st century learning.
Key role of the epithelium in chronic upper airways diseases
Authors: Gohy Sophie , Hupin Cloé , Ladjemi Maha Zohra , Hox Valérie , Pilette Charles 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe respiratory epithelium of the upper airways is a first‐line defence against inhaled irritants, pathogens and allergens. It ensures a physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance to avoid excessive activation of the immune system. The epithelium also forms a chemical and immunological barrier, extensively equipped to protect the airways against external aggressions before the adaptive immune system is required. Under normal circumstances, the epithelium is capable of recovering rapidly after damage. This manuscript reviews these main properties of the upper airway epithelium as well as its reported impairments in chronic inflammatory diseases. The knowledge on normal epithelial functions and their dysregulation in upper airway diseases should help to design new epithelial‐targeted treatments.
Abnormal linear growth in paediatric adrenal diseases: Pathogenesis, prevalence and management
Authors: Minnetti Marianna , Caiulo Silvana , Ferrigno Rosario , Baldini‐Ferroli Barbara , Bottaro Giorgia , Gianfrilli Daniele , Sbardella Emilia , De Martino Maria Cristina , Savage Martin O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbnormal adrenal function can interfere with linear growth, potentially causing either acceleration or impairment of growth in paediatric patients. These abnormalities can be caused by direct effects of adrenal hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and sex steroids, or be mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the disturbance of the growth hormone‐insulin‐like growth factor‐1 axis and aromatization of androgens to oestrogens. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment of adrenal disorders can prevent or minimize growth disturbance and facilitate improved height gain. Mechanisms of growth disturbance in the following abnormal states will be discussed; hypercortisolaemia, hyperandrogenaemia and obesity. Prevalence and features of growth disturbance will be discussed in ACTH‐dependent and ACTH‐independent Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical tumours, premature adrenarche, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal insufficiency disorders. Recommendations for management have been included.
Agriculture in the United States, Mexico, Canada Agreement: Agreeing to keep things pretty much the same
Authors: Kerr William A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was referred to by U.S. President Trump as one of the worst trade deals ever made. Given this billing, one might have expected the result of its renegotiation to be a major change to the trading relationship between the United States and Canada. The new United States, Mexico, Canada Agreement (USMCA), however, retains a great deal of its predecessor. This is particularly true for agricultural trade. Canadian market access into the United States remains virtually unchanged. No major domestic regulatory changes were agreed to by Canada. While there were concessions made on market access for U.S. products into Canada's heavily protected sectors where the supply management policy applies, they do not appear to threaten the system. While the value of the compensation has not yet been announced, compensation for losses that will be suffered by farmers producing under supply management is agreed in principle. The USMCA is an agreement to keep things pretty much the same.
Fusobacterium necrophorum, a major provider of sinus thrombosis in acute mastoiditis: A retrospective multicentre paediatric study
Authors: Coudert Aurélie , Fanchette Julia , Regnier Gaëlle , Delmas Justine , Truy Eric , Nicollas Richard , Akkari Mohamed , Couloignier Vincent , Ayari‐Khalfallah Sonia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in children the clinical severity and evolution of otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis (OLST) due to Fusobacterium necrophorum compared with other bacterial otogenic thrombosis and propose a specific management flowchart for Fusobacterium OLST.DesignA retrospective multicentre cohort study.SettingsFour French ENT paediatric departments.ParticipantsA total of 260 under 18 years old admitted for acute mastoiditis were included. Initial imaging was reviewed to focus on complicated mastoiditis and 52 OLST were identified. Children were then divided into two groups according to bacteriological results: 28 in the “OLST Fusobacterium group” and 24 in the “OLST other bacteria group”.ResultsThere was a significant association between F necrophorum and OLST (P < .001). When compared to the OLST other bacteria group, children in the OLST Fusobacterium group were significantly younger (61 months vs 23 months, P < .01) and had a more severe clinical presentation: higher CRP (113 mg/L vs 175.7 mg/L, P = .02) and larger subperiosteal abscess (14 mm vs 21 mm, P < .01). Medical management was also more intensive in the OLST Fusobacterium group than in the OLST other bacteria group: increased number of conservative surgeries (66.7% vs 92.9%, P = .03) and longer hospital stay (13.7 days vs 19.8 days, P = .02). At the end of follow‐up, the clinical course was good in both groups without any neurological sequelae.ConclusionsThrombotic complications are very frequent in case of Fusobacterium mastoiditis and clinicians should be aware of the initial severity of the clinical presentation. Under appropriate management, the clinical course of Fusobacterium OLST is as good as that of other bacterial otogenic thrombosis.
A survey of members of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the EU project “StanDerm” to identify allergens tested in cosmetic series across Europe
Authors: Horton Emma , Wilkinson Mark , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Pesonen Maria , Bauer Andrea , Chowdhury Mahbub M.U. , Cooper Susan , Cousen Philippa , Crépy Marie‐Noëlle , Larese Filon F Francesca , Gallo Rosella , Geier Johannes , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Gonçalo Margarida , Goossens An , Green Cathy , Guarneri Fabrizio , Ljubojević Hadžavdić Suzana , Johansen Jeanne D. , Johnston Graham A. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Thyssen Jacob P. , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. , Stone Natalie , Uter Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently no agreed cosmetic series for use across Europe.ObjectivesTo establish allergens currently tested in local and national cosmetic series.MethodMembers of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology project TD1206 ("StanDerm") were surveyed to establish their current practice.ResultsA wide range of allergens was tested but there was significant variation between centres on the allergens considered to be important in screening for allergy to cosmetics. The number of allergens tested in addition to the baseline series varied between 2 and 50.ConclusionsThere is a need for further investigation to establish the frequency and relevance of reactions to cosmetic allergens to enable an agreed evidence‐based cosmetic series to be produced. Criteria for inclusion need to be established.
(‐)‐Epigallocatechin gallate‐loaded polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated using a 3D integrated moulding method alleviate immune stress and induce neurogenesis
Authors: Qian Yun , Yao Zhixiao , Wang Xu , Cheng Yuan , Fang Zhiwei , Yuan Wei‐En , Fan Cunyi , Ouyang Yuanming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn peripheral neuropathy, the underlying mechanisms of nerve and muscle degeneration include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in fibrotic tissues. (‐)‐Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major, active component in green tea and may scavenge free radical oxygen and attenuate inflammation. Conservative treatments such as steroid injection only deal with early, asymptomatic, peripheral neuropathy. In contrast, neurolysis and nerve conduit implantation work effectively for treating advanced stages.Materials and methodsAn EGCG‐loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffold was fabricated using an integrated moulding method. We evaluated proliferative, oxidative and inflammatory activity of rat Schwann cells (RSCs) and rat skeletal muscle cells (RSMCs) cultured on different scaffolds in vitro. In a rat radiation injury model, we assessed the morphological, electrophysiological and functional performance of regenerated sciatic nerves and gastrocnemius muscles, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation state.ResultsRSCs and RSMCs exhibited higher proliferative, anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory states in an EGCG/PCL scaffold. In vivo studies showed improved nerve and muscle recovery in the EGCG/PCL group, with increased nerve myelination and muscle fibre proliferation and reduced macrophage infiltration, lipid peroxidation, inflammation and oxidative stress indicators.ConclusionsThe EGCG‐modified PCL porous nerve scaffold alleviates cellular oxidative stress and repairs peripheral nerve and muscle structure in rats. It attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and may provide further insights into peripheral nerve repair in the future.
Conservation beyond protected areas: Using vertebrate species ranges and biodiversity importance scores to inform policy for an east African country in transition
Authors: Tyrrell Peter , du Toit Johan T. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConservation in eastern and southern Africa has historically centered on megafauna and protected areas (PAs), yet, in the face of rapid change, biodiversity outside of PAs is under threat. With policy changes underway in Kenya, we have performed an analysis that (a) quantifies how inclusive the current PA network is of the country's vertebrate diversity, and (b) identifies wildlife policy areas that need reform to achieve conservation targets. We found that species richness of mammals, birds, and amphibians is highest in areas of intermediate human pressures, whereas Kenya's current wildlife conservation policy focuses on land use (LU) types with the least human pressure. Percentage of range overlap for amphibians, mammals, and birds were all highest in rangelands followed by agricultural (cultivated) areas and then national PAs. Out of 1,535 terrestrial vertebrate species, 80 had no range overlap with national PAs. The current wildlife PA network adequately covers only 16% of amphibians, 45% of birds, and 41% of mammals. In addition, we used a biodiversity importance score which demonstrated the importance of rangelands and agricultural areas for biodiversity conservation. Finally, we observed that the distribution of current PAs, and the focus of Kenya's wildlife policy in general, is in areas of lowest human pressure, often with the highest large mammal densities. However, other biodiversity indicators ‐ such as bird and plant species richness ‐ show that areas under human‐dominated LU currently support substantial biodiversity. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that formal PAs and wildlife policy presently cover only a small fraction of national biodiversity, which resides mainly in human‐dominated landscapes that are undergoing rapid change. These findings echo global calls for a landscape‐based approach to conservation policy and practice that promotes the coexistence of people and wildlife within social‐ecological systems.
Effects of landscape modification on species richness patterns of fruit‐feeding butterflies in Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Santos Jessie P. , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Brown Keith S. , Vancine Maurício Humberto , Ribeiro Milton C. , Freitas André V. L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the distributional patterns of fruit‐feeding butterfly species richness in Atlantic Forest (AF) based on stack species distribution models (SSDM); to evaluate the relative contribution of climate and landscape in the patterns of butterfly species richness; and to recommend conservation guidelines for AF regions based on the obtained results.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest.MethodsWe used SSDMs to generate potential distribution maps of butterfly species richness in AF. Our dataset comprises 7,062 records of 279 species, distributed across 122 local communities. We built richness maps based on climate and landscape models and analysed them separately to understand their contribution to the pattern of richness distribution. Then, we combined both models to build a consensus map. Finally, we designed specific conservation strategies based on richness categories distributed on the consensus map.ResultsThe regions with high‐predicted species richness for both climate and landscape models supported the main endemism locations described for other AF taxa in previous studies. Both models predicted intermediate values of species richness for most regions, but the patterns of richness distribution were not fully congruent. High species richness based on landscape metrics was frequently concentrated in the south. Furthermore, locations suitable for high species richness according to climate are near to the endemism centres, but also to dense urban centres, highlighting the potential impacts of the landscape modification on butterfly species richness.Main conclusionsThe distribution of fruit‐feeding butterfly species richness and endemism reflect the classic division of AF in different sub‐regions according to the endemism centres proposed by previous authors for other taxa. The availability of forested habitats seems to be a determining factor for the maintenance of high species richness in AF. Therefore, the loss of natural forest remnants due to landscape modification is the primary threat to butterfly diversity.
Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China
Authors: Rui P. , Zhao F. , Yan S. , Wang C. , Fu Q. , Hao J. , Zhou X. , Zhong H. , Tang M. , Hui W. , Li W. , Shi D. , Ma Z. , Song T. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute self‐limiting hepatitis in humans in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus RNA was first detected in donkeys in Spain, but little is known about the possible presence of HEV in donkeys in China.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of HEV in donkeys in northern China.Study designInvestigation of the prevalence of HEV in donkeys using serological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches.MethodsA total of 401 donkey serum specimens were tested for serological and molecular detection of HEV via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products were cloned in pMD18‐T vector and sequenced. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial HEV ORF2 genes were compared with the corresponding sequences of the obtained HEV representative strains.ResultsSerological results showed that 49 donkeys (12.22%, 95% CI: 9.18–15.83%) were positive for anti‐HEV‐specific antibodies, and 17 donkeys (4.24%, 95% CI: 2.49–6.70%) were positive for HEV viral RNA. On the basis of sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, all isolated HEV strains belonged to genotype 3 (HEV‐3) or HEV‐4, sharing more than 76.2–96.3% identities with 67 other HEV representative strains of HEV‐1 to HEV‐8.Main limitationsFurther studies about the prevalence of HEV in organs or faecal samples from donkeys are needed to evaluate the possible role of HEV reservoir and to determine the risk factors associated with the transmission of this zoonotic virus in donkeys in China.ConclusionsThis is the first report documenting the molecular analysis of donkey HEV strains worldwide and the serological evidence of HEV infection in donkeys in northern China. The results suggest that young donkeys are more susceptible to HEV infection compared with older donkeys. Further investigation is required to determine whether donkeys should be considered reservoirs for zoonotic HEV.
The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information