bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupting the Redox Balance with a Diselenide Drug Delivery System: Synergistic or Antagonistic?
Authors: Choi Yeon Su , Huh Kang Moo , Shim Min Suk , Park In Suh , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Lee Joo Young , Lee Hye Suk , Kang Han Chang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffective on‐demand release of therapeutics at an intracellular drug supply hub, the cytosol, is among the important steps for successful drug delivery. To improve cytosolic drug release, this study selects diselenide because the bond is cleaved by both glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol. Specifically, upon diselenide cleavage, the levels of GSH or ROS are reduced, resulting in decreased or increased cell viability and either the synergistic or antagonistic death of cancer cells with an anticancer drug, respectively, because GSH and ROS trigger two conflicting functions (i.e., antioxidant vs prooxidant activity). Thus, this study designs a diselenide‐based drug carrier to determine which trigger is the major cause of diselenide degradation, how the disrupted balance between GSH and ROS levels influences cell viability and drug efficacy, and whether the combined use of a diselenide drug carrier and a drug has a synergistic or antagonistic effect. Using a multiple diselenide‐containing nanoparticle (MSePCL‐NP), the study shows that diselenide is cleaved to a greater extent by GSH than by ROS; MSePCL‐NP induces a greater decrease in the viability of cancer cells, but not normal cells; a combination of DOX@MSePCL‐NP synergistically kills cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
Patient‐Specific Bone Particles Bioprinting for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ratheesh Greeshma , Vaquette Cedryck , Xiao Yin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough bioinks with both high printability and shape fidelity while maintaining high cell viability are developed, the biofunctionality of the resulting bioprinted construct is often overlooked. To address this, a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)‐based bioink biofunctionalized with bone particles (BPs) is developed as a personalized treatment strategy for bone regeneration. The bioink consists of incorporating BPs of various sizes (0–500 µm) in GelMA at various concentrations (ranging from 5 to 15% w/v). The printability of the bioink is systematically investigated and it is demonstrated that a 15% w/v BP‐loading results in high print quality for 10% and 12.5% GelMA concentrations. Rheological evaluation reveals a strong shear thinning behavior essential for printing and a high gel strength in bioink with 15% w/v 0–500 µm BPs for both GelMA concentrations. In addition, the printability of the bioink and the metabolic activity of the resulting scaffolds are dependent on both the concentration of hydrogel and size of the BPs. Importantly, the cells initially contained in the BPs are able to migrate and colonize the bioprinted scaffold while maintaining their capacity to express early osteogenic markers. This study demonstrates the feasibility of bioprinted viable BPs and may have some potential for chairside clinical translation.
Enhancing the Performance of Organic Solar Cells by Prolonging the Lifetime of Photogenerated Excitons
Authors: Guo Qingxin , Liu Yahui , Liu Ming , Zhang Hao , Qian Xiquan , Yang Jinjin , Wang Jing , Xue Wenyue , Zhao Qian , Xu Xinjun , Ma Wei , Tang Zheng , Li Yunliang , Bo Zhishan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExciton lifetime (τ) is crucial for the migration of excitons to donor/acceptor interfaces for subsequent charge separation in organic solar cells (OSCs); however, obvious prolongation of τ has rarely been achieved. Here, by introducing a solid additive 9‐fluorenone‐1‐carboxylic acid (FCA) into the active layer, which comprises a nonfullerene acceptor, 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐((3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐6/7‐methyl)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (IT‐M), τ is substantially prolonged from 491 to 928 ps, together with obvious increases in fluorescence intensity and quantum yield. Time‐resolved transient infrared spectra indicate the presence of an intermolecular vibrational coupling between the electronic excited state of IT‐M and the electronic ground state of FCA, which is first observed here and which can suppress the internal conversion process. IT‐M‐based OSCs display an improved short‐circuit current and fill factor after the addition of FCA. Thus, the power conversion efficiency is increased, particularly for devices with a large donor/acceptor ratio of 1:4, whose efficiency is increased by 56%. This study describes a novel method, which is also applicable to other nonfullerene acceptors, for further improving the performance of OSCs without affecting their morphology and light absorption properties.
Development of a Polydimethylsiloxane‐Based Electrode Array for Electrocorticography
Authors: Lee Kyeong Yeon , Moon Hyunmin , Kim Boil , Kang Yoo Na , Jang Jae‐Won , Choe Han Kyoung , Kim Sohee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeural interfaces play an essential role to disclose neural networks and to assist paralyzed patients in past decades. As the conformability and longevity become vital issues for neural interfaces, flexible materials are increasingly engaged in the development of such devices. However, the development of devices comprised of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is bothered because of its incompatibility with silicon microfabrication technology, mainly caused by different thermal expansion coefficients between metals and PDMS. Here, a PDMS‐based electrode array is developed through a single‐wafer processing by employing an intermediate parylene‐C layer, which allows stable and simple fabrication as well as easy miniaturization and integration with other components. The developed electrode array can detect visual evoked potentials (VEPs) through in vivo experiments using mice. The conformal contact and high spatial resolution are achieved by detecting distinctive VEPs from all 16 channels. To investigate the effect of electrode sizes on signal quality, three different diameters ranging from 20 to 120 µm are used, resulting in no clear correlation between the electrode size and signal quality. The developed device suggests the potential of PDMS‐based bioelectronics in various applications where the flexibility and conformability as well as the robustness of the device are all desired.
Conformal Coating of Freestanding Particles by Vapor‐Phase Infiltration
Authors: Liapis Andreas C. , Subramanian Ashwanth , Cho Sangyeon , Kisslinger Kim , Nam Chang‐Yong , Yun Seok‐Hyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel atomic layer method for encapsulating individual micro‐ and nano‐particles with thin (sub‐10‐nm) dielectric films is presented. This method leverages the diffusion of vapor‐phase precursors through an underlying inert polymer film to achieve growth of a metal oxide film on all sides of the particle simultaneously, even on the side that is in contact with the substrate. Crucially, the deposition is performed on stationary particles and does not require an agitation mechanism or a special reaction chamber. Here, conformal coatings of alumina are shown to improve stability in aqueous environments for two optically relevant particles: compound semiconductor laser microparticles and lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.
A Compact Full 2π Flexoelectro‐Optic Liquid Crystal Phase Modulator
Authors: Wang Xiuze , Fells Julian A. J. , Shi Yuping , Ali Taimoor , Welch Chris , Mehl Georg H. , Wilkinson Timothy D. , Booth Martin J. , Morris Stephen M. , Elston Steve J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWavefront shaping, which is often achieved using liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulators, is particularly important for a wide range of applications including laser microfabrication and micromanipulation, microscopy, and quantum optics. In this work, results are presented for the first integrated LC phase modulator that combines a flexoelectro‐optic LC layer (that behaves as a switchable λ/2 waveplate) with a polymerized reactive mesogen layer (which acts as a λ/4 waveplate) and a mirrored substrate that creates a double‐pass geometry. For a flexoelectro‐optic LC layer that exhibits switching angles of ±45° at a voltage of ±85 V a full 2π phase modulation is observed when driven by a 1 kHz waveform. Experimental results are also compared with modeling using Jones calculus of the amplitude and phase variation when the LC and the polymer layer deviate from their desired waveplate conditions. The development and demonstration of an integrated device is particularly significant for applications where size and cost are critical factors such as in LiDAR for the Space and Automotive industries, respectively.
High‐Throughput Separation of Microvesicles from Whole Blood Components Using Viscoelastic Fluid
Authors: Nam Jeonghun , Yoon Jung , Jee Hyunseul , Jang Woong Sik , Lim Chae Seung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCell‐derived microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles, MPs) are known as important biomarkers of various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Development of techniques for blood cell removal and MV isolation is required for downstream analyses in biological and clinical applications. A sheathless, label‐free, viscoelastic microfluidic device is proposed for the separation of submicrometer platelet‐derived MPs (PDMPs) from whole blood. Flow rate and channel length dependent performance of the device is evaluated using 2‐µm particles as analogs to platelets and hematocrit (Hct) dependent flow characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) are observed. In addition, the removal rate of nanoparticles of sizes 300, 500, 700, and 1000 nm is evaluated, and finally, the device is applied to examine the recovery of PDMPs from diluted whole blood sample. At Q = 200 µL min−1 in a 15‐mm long microchannel, RBCs at 5% Hct and platelets are removed to the central outlet without platelet activation, while PDMPs are successfully isolated to the side outlets within ≈2 min. The PDMPs collected from the device are analyzed by flow cytometry. The device exhibits ≈4.8‐fold enhanced isolation performance compared to the centrifugation method.
Flexible and Stretchable Microwave Electronics: Past, Present, and Future Perspective
Authors: Zhang Huilong , Lan Yu , Qiu Shuoyang , Min Seunghwan , Jang Hokyung , Park Jeongpil , Gong Shaoqin , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrowave electronics have evolved from bulky waveguide and vacuum tube‐based format to smaller and lighter board‐based electronics, and then to the highly miniaturized, chip‐based solid‐state form. Spurred by the advent of high‐performance flexible inorganic single‐crystalline semiconductors, a new opportunity of technology evolution from rigid microwave electronics to flexible and/or stretchable microwave electronics has emerged. The new forms of microwave electronics are expected to provide novel functions to be achieved with advanced materials, device, and system design considerations and innovative fabrication methods. Over the last years, some microwave components, modules, and systems with operation frequency greater than or equal to 1 GHz in the flexible/stretchable form factors are demonstrated. These demonstrations have alluded to the prospects of the new stage of microwave electronics evolution. Herein, a comprehensive review of the microwave/flexible microwave electronics that are demonstrated up to date is provided. An introduction to the need of flexible/stretchable microwave electronics emphasizes the motivation and potential influences of this new growing field. This review also highlights important developments in transistors, diodes, various passives, antennas, circuits, and system demonstrations, all in flexible or stretchable forms. Finally, an outlook for specific technical gaps at both the fundamental and applications levels is presented.
Real‐Time Optical Process Monitoring for Structure and Property Control of Aerosol Jet Printed Functional Materials
Authors: Tafoya Rebecca R. , Cook Adam W. , Kaehr Bryan , Downing Julia R. , Hersam Mark C. , Secor Ethan B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAerosol jet printing is a popular digital additive manufacturing method for flexible and hybrid electronics, but it lacks sophisticated real‐time process control schemes that would enable more widespread adoption in manufacturing environments. Here, an optical measurement system is introduced to track the aerosol density upstream of the printhead. The measured optical extinction, combined with the aerosol flow rate, is directly related to deposition rate and accurately predicts functional materials properties such as the electrical resistance of printed graphene films. This real‐time system offers a compelling solution for process drift and batch‐to‐batch variability, rendering it a valuable tool for both real‐time control of aerosol jet printing and fundamental studies of the underlying process science.
Frequency‐Controlled Focusing Using Achromatic Metasurface
Authors: Lu Huan , Zheng Bin , Cai Tong , Qian Chao , Yang Yihao , Wang Zuojia , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrequency‐controlled metasurfaces have attracted significant attention for a variety of applications, such as radar imaging and 5G communication, owing to their small size and low cost. However, due to the inherent material dispersion of these devices, bandwidth is an essential requirement for their controlling their wavefront. To evaluate the broadband performance of frequency‐controlled metasurface focusing systems, a multiresonant model is used to achieve controlled manipulation of frequency‐splitting and focusing reflective metasurface; further, the transition from broadband disorder scattering to user‐desired reflection is obtained. It is shown that the focusing position can be controlled by the careful design of each unit cell. As a proof of concept, a broadband focusing metasurface with frequency‐splitting effect over the entire X band, i.e., 8–12 GHz, is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which can control the position of focal spots with different wavelengths by its achromatic and reflective characteristics. It is believed that the proposed metasurface will provide useful insights for wavefront manipulation in broadband and chromatically corrected imaging systems.
Color‐Tunable 3D InGaN/GaN Multi‐Quantum‐Well Light‐Emitting‐Diode Based on Microfacet Emission and Programmable Driving Power Supply
Authors: Wang Lai , Wang Xun , Bertram Frank , Sheng Bowen , Hao Zhibiao , Luo Yi , Sun Changzheng , Xiong Bing , Han Yanjun , Wang Jian , Li Hongtao , Schmidt Gordon , Veit Peter , Christen Jürgen , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColor‐tunable InGaN/GaN multi‐quantum‐well (MQW) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are reported based on GaN microfacet structure directly grown on c‐plane patterned sapphire substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) through promoting 3D growth. By adjusting GaN growth temperature and pattern arrangement, a GaN microfacet with almost pure {101} semipolar facets is obtained. The multifacetted InGaN/GaN MQW LED chip evolves three distinct emission peaks around 630, 530, and 450 nm in electroluminescence (EL) as injection current increases from 1 to 100 mA. The EL behavior originates from locally different facets of the complex 3D structure: MQWs grown on c‐planes and semipolar facets, respectively, which is confirmed by cathodoluminescence characterization in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM‐CL). Considering the dependence of emission wavelength and intensity on injection currents, a programmable power supply is designed to drive the LED. The specific color of the LED is tuned by time‐shared driving of the currents based on three channels with controllable magnitudes and duty cycle from the power supply, covering red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple. Furthermore, white LEDs with high color rendering index (CRI) up to 96.1 and correlated color temperature (CCT) between 4000 and 10 000 K are achieved.
Visible Light Driven Hot‐Electron Injection by Pd Nanoparticles: Fast Response in Metal–Semiconductor Photodetection
Authors: Chen Liang , Mao Sui , Wang Pu , Yao Zhao , Du Zhonglin , Zhu Zhijun , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHot‐electron injection induced by plasmon decay enables ultrafast electron transfer in femtosecond scale and therefore endows metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) promising potentials in high‐speed optoelectronics. With much higher density of states next to its Fermi level, palladium (Pd) can more efficiently launch hot electrons according to the theoretical prediction, as compared to the conventional plasmonic NPs. In this work, the optical properties of Pd NPs as well as the plasmon induced hot‐electron injection are investigated through confocal Kelvin probe force microscopy. Analysis based on surface potential redistribution suggests Pd NPs can initiate dense hot‐electron transfer in visible range. According to the photocurrent characterization of photo field effect transistors, in cooperation with TiOx the Pd NPs launch a rapid photocurrent increase with the excitation of 450 nm light as the hot‐electron injection improves the electron depleting situation in TiOx thin film. The result confirms that Pd hot electrons can be energetic at visible range for photoelectric applications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls using Biaryl 2,5‐Diphenylphospholanes as Ligands for Palladium‐Catalysed Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Byrne Liam , Sköld Christian , Norrby Per‐Ola , Munday Rachel H. , Turner Andrew R. , Smith Peter D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere we describe the development of biaryl 2,5‐diphenylphospholanes as a new class of C2‐symmetric, monodentate ligands for asymmetric Suzuki‐Miyaura (ASM) reactions. Screening of a series of exemplary phospholanes led to the identification of two ligands that were used to prepare a range of atropisomeric biaryl and heterobiaryl products with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 e.r.) under mild conditions. DFT studies suggest that the formation of a constraining ligand pocket and coordination of one of the biaryl methoxy groups in the optimised ligands to the metal centre is crucial for restricting conformational freedom in the bond‐forming step.magnified image
Efficient Synthesis of Bulky 2,2’‐Bipyridine and (S)‐Pyridine‐Oxazoline Ligands
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBulky N,N’‐bidentate ligands can furnish catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity compared to commercially available ligands. Straightforward methods to effectively synthesize a broad range of these ligands, however, are uncommon. In this work, a simple and efficient method is developed for the synthesis of bulky N,N’‐bidentate ligands, including 2,2’‐bipyridines and enantioenriched pyridine‐oxazolines. The Pd/NIXANTPHOS catalyst system enabled synthesis of a series of bulky 2,2’‐bipyridine‐based ligands and (S)‐pyridine oxazoline‐based enantioenriched ligands with good to excellent yields. The ligands have been benchmarked in the aminofluorination of styrene.magnified image
Bimodal Imaging‐Visible Nanomedicine Integrating CXCR4 and VEGFa Genes Directs Synergistic Reendothelialization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Yu Bingbo , Dong Bing , He Jiang , Huang Hui , Huang Jinsheng , Wang Yong , Liang Jianwen , Zhang Jianning , Qiu Yumin , Shen Jun , Shuai Xintao , Tao Jun , Xia Wenhao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA major challenge to treat vascular endothelial injury is the restoration of endothelium integrity in which endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) plays a central role. Transplantation of EPCs as a promising therapeutic means is subject to two interrelated processes, homing and differentiation of EPCs in vivo, and thus a lack of either one may greatly affect the outcome of EPC‐based therapy. Herein, a polymeric nanocarrier is applied for the codelivery of CXCR4 and VEGFa genes to simultaneously promote the migration and differentiation of EPCs. Moreover, MRI T2 contrast agent SPION and NIR dye Cy7.5 are also loaded into the nanocarrier in order to track EPCs in vivo. Based on the synergistic effect of the two codelivered genes, an improved reendothelialization of EPCs is achieved in a rat carotid denuded model. The results show the potential of this bimodal imaging‐visible nanomedicine to improve the performance of EPCs in repairing arterial injury, which may push forward the stem cell‐based therapy of cardiovascular disease.
A Novel Stateful Logic Device and Circuit for In‐Memory Parity Programming in Crossbar Memory
Authors: Yoon Kyung Jean , Han Jin‐Woo , Bae Woorham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs one application of stateful logic computation in crossbar array, a in‐array parity programming method is proposed. A single programming step within the array can simultaneously program and store a parity bit right adjacent to the data bits, minimizing the overhead from a complex parity calculation and transfer process from outside of the array. Sensing on the basis of a gray code for a multi‐bit memristor is the key enabler for generating an even or odd parity. A memristor device that features an altering resistance switching behavior according to monotonous change in electrical bias size, complementary resistive switching (CRS), is deployed to improve data per parity ratio. A step‐by‐step derivation of the array scheme optimal for this purpose is shown through margin analysis. A simulation based on the experimental parameters of a 2‐bit per CRS parity cell proves that the proposed current driven scheme enables an output voltage linearization on the parity cell node with varying resistance states of 6‐bit data cells while meeting the voltage requirements of both the parity and data cells. Such in‐memory parity programming is thought to improve the robustness of current crossbar memory technology with the miniscule overhead, further extending the versatility of the in‐memory logic applications.
A Comparative Study on Printable Solid Electrolytes toward Ultrahigh Current and Environmentally Stable Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Cherukupally Nikhil , Divya Mitta , Dasgupta Subho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrinted oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have outperformed their organic counterparts in the recent past; printable solid electrolytic insulators have also emerged as a suitable alternative to oxide dielectrics. In the present study, multiple composite solid polymer electrolytes (CSPEs) and an easy‐to‐formulate ion gel are fabricated and characterized for their double‐layer capacitance (CDL) values and the quality of electrostatic coupling. In the next step, alongside printed In2O3 as the semiconductor channel, the performance of the solid electrolytes is evaluated using printed top‐gate TFTs. The semiconductor ink formulation and the device architecture are optimized to ensure unsurpassed device performance. In effect, unprecedented transistor performance is observed for all the three electrolytic insulators, with drive currents >10 mA and linear mobility >100 cm2 V−1 s−1; a rigorous discussion on the reliability factors and the merit/demerit of the linear versus saturation mobility values suggests reporting of only the linear mobility, henceforth. Next, the lifetime studies on the electrolyte‐gated TFTs have shown superior environmental stability of the CSPE‐gated devices. The present study not only provides a recipe to formulate a set of high‐performance electrolytic gate insulators, but also offers a method to fabricate high‐current power transistors, using the standard printing techniques.