bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Opportunities
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Calabresi Paolo , Obeso Jose A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLevodopa‐induced motor complications remain an important source of disability for many patients with Parkinson's disease. Substantial laboratory evidence indicates that motor complications relate to the nonphysiological restoration of brain dopamine with intermittent doses of standard oral levodopa. Dopamine levels are normally maintained at a relatively constant level, even following a dose of levodopa. However, in the Parkinsonian state, where dopamine terminals have degenerated with a loss of their buffering capacity, intermittent doses of levodopa lead to dramatic peak and trough fluctuations in striatal dopamine levels. This results in pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors, molecular changes in striatal neurons, physiological changes in pallidal neurons, and ultimately the development of motor complications. These observations led to the hypothesis that continuous delivery of levodopa might be associated with a reduced risk of motor complications. This concept is known as continuous dopamine stimulation (CDS). Preliminary studies in animal models and patients with Parkinson's disease supported this hypothesis, suggesting a reduced risk of both motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The present review considers the scientific advances and the more definitive clinical trials testing this concept that have taken place during the past decade and considers ongoing experimental studies and future opportunities. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Germanium hollow nanodisk resonator for magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement in near‐infrared
Authors: Aslan Erdem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnhancement of spontaneous emission has a large potential for the development of nanophotonics based applications. Due to the weak interaction of matter with the magnetic component of light, most of the effort has been directed toward the development of the nanophotonic devices for the enhancement of the electric dipole emission. However, in recent years the enhancement of magnetic dipole emission has attracted the focus of the researchers, owing to the utilization of the dielectric nanophotonic structures which have a great potential to facilitate various exciting applications such as nanolasers and single‐photon sources. Despite the high interest on the magnetic dipole emission enhancement, most of the research has been focused on the visible spectrum and few studies have been reported up to present for the near infrared. In this context, a germanium hollow nanodisk resonator is presented and numerically investigated for magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement in the near‐infrared spectrum. The obtained enhancement factor is much more than the previous results in the literature which are obtained via utilization of the dielectric nanostructures. The origin of electromagnetic behavior of the proposed resonator is revealed via near‐electromagnetic‐field enhancement maps and the multipolar decomposition of the electromagnetic scattering modes. Additionally, dependence of the enhancement factor on the geometrical parameters of the germanium hollow nanodisk resonator is studied via parameter sweep simulations. The results of this study may provide a novel strategy for the engineering of chip‐scale nanophotonic applications.
A broadband multilayer circuit analog absorber using resistive ink
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Sharma Aditi , Ghosh Saptarshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, a polarization‐insensitive broadband multilayer circuit analog absorber has been designed and demonstrated. The proposed structure is comprised of two layers, each layer being made of resistive square loop geometries printed on low‐cost FR4 substrates. The substrates are separated from each other by an air spacer and the overall geometry is terminated by a ground plane. By proper design optimization, the structure exhibits a wide absorption bandwidth (having absorptivity above 90%) from 2.68 to 15.90 GHz, covering S, C, X, and Ku frequency bands. A fractional bandwidth of 142.30% has been achieved from the proposed geometry, at the expense of moderate thickness (0.086 λl, λl being the wavelength corresponding to the lowest absorption frequency). Further, the topology is polarization‐independent and angularly stable for different polarizations. An in‐depth analysis has also been carried out by developing an equivalent circuit model and illustrating several parametric variations. One prototype has been fabricated and measured under normal incidence, thereby validating the proposed concept.
Network formation by aza‐Michael addition of primary amines to vinyl end groups of enzymatically synthesized poly(glycerol adipate)
Authors: Alaneed Razan , Golitsyn Yury , Hauenschild Till , Pietzsch Markus , Reichert Detlef , Kressler Jörg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly efficient approach for the synthesis of polyester‐based networks via aza‐Michael addition of primary amines to α,β‐unsaturated (vinyl) end groups of poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) was achieved. By acylation of PGA with 6‐(Fmoc‐amino)hexanoic acid side chains via Steglich esterification, protected amine‐functionalized PGA was obtained. This was followed by the removal of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting groups and the synthesis of PGA‐based networks under catalyst‐free conditions. The successful conjugate addition of primary amines to vinyl end groups and network formation were confirmed using 13C magic angle spinning NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Network heterogeneity and defects were quantitatively investigated using 1H double‐quantum NMR spectroscopy. Finally, a hydrogel was prepared with potential biomedical applications.
Synthetic pheromone exposure increases calling and reduces subsequent mating in female Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Hodgdon Elisabeth A , Hallett Rebecca H , Heal James D , Swan Andrea EM , Chen Yolanda H 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPheromone‐mediated mating disruption, which uses large amounts of synthetic female pheromones to interrupt insect reproductive behavior, has been successful for managing important agricultural pests. While multiple mechanisms have been discovered explaining how synthetic pheromone treatments prevent males from finding females, it is less clear how unnaturally large doses of synthetic sex pheromone impact the behavior of female insects, particularly nonlepidopteran females. In some species, ‘autodetecting’ females possess pheromone receptors and respond to ambient pheromones by altering their mating behavior. Here, we test whether exposure to stereospecific and racemic synthetic pheromones influences calling and subsequent propensity to mate in female swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of Brassica crops.RESULTSIn both laboratory and field settings, females exposed to stereospecific and racemic three‐component pheromone blends called significantly more frequently and for longer durations than midges in control treatments. In the field, midges were twice as likely to call in pheromone‐treated plots versus nontreated plots. Additionally, pheromone pre‐exposure reduced subsequent mating: while 68% of female midges mated following control conditions, only 42% and 35% of females pre‐exposed to stereospecific and racemic three‐component blends mated, respectively.CONCLUSIONWhile more frequent calling within pheromone‐treated backgrounds may increase the likelihood that females are detected by males, a reduction in female propensity to mate would increase the efficacy of a pheromone‐mediated mating disruption system. Our work presents the first known investigation of autodetection behavior in Cecidomyiidae. Additional research is necessary to understand the implications of female autodetection for swede midge management.
Enhanced Photoreduction Activity in BiOI1‐xFx Nanosheet for Efficient Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Al‐Keisy Amar , Mahdi Rahman , Ahmed Duha , Al‐Attafi Kadhim , Abd. Majid Wan Haliza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBismuth oxyhalide compounds have similar electronic configurations and crystal structures. Due to high electronegativity, they can be used for synthesizing solid solutions that have a number of advantages, which are enhanced charge separation, efficient adsorption, and high photoreduction potential. Solid solutions of the general formula BiOI1‐xFx (X=0 to 0.5) were prepared using the soft chemical method. The investigation of the optical properties of the considered solid solutions revealed a blue shift in wavelength. The solid solution BiOI0.7F0.3 exhibited an excellent adsorption coefficient and optimum photodegradation performance with RhB dye. Compared to pure BiOI, it showed higher adsorption and caused twice more efficient photodegradation. The different density functional theory (DFT) methods calculations revealed that the shift in band gap in the considered solid solutions mainly took the form of up‐shifting in the conduction band; thus, it was predicted that the reduction potential would increase with the increase in fluorine content. The results thus suggest that BiOI1‐xFx solid solutions are a viable alternative for the use in photocatalytic removal of toxic Pb2 ions from aqueous solutions.
Tuning Nuclearity of Dysprosium (III) Complexes by Controlling Substitution on Ligand Molecule
Authors: Arumugam Selvakumar , Kumar Kushvaha Saroj , Shankar Bhaskaran , Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Roy Sudipta , Sana Biprojit , Khuntia Panchanana , Chandra Mondal Kartik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work reports isolation of three multinuclear complexes of Dy(III) ion ([DyIII2(L‐NO2)2(Ph3PO)2(NO3)2] (1), [DyIII5(L)6(Ph3PO)(NO3)(H2O)2(μ3‐OH)2] (2), [DyIII6(L–CH3)6(Ph3PO)2 (μ3‐OH)3(NO3)2 (CH3OH)2] (3)]) by controlling substitution on ligand molecule. The reactions of substituted Schiff‐base ligands (H2L−R; R=NO2 (1), R=H (2), R=CH3 (3)), triphenylphosphine oxide(Ph3PO) with Dy(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O in the presence of triethyl amine afford three multinuclear complexs with varing nuclearity, topologies. This work demonstrates effect of substitution on ligand molecules that leads to the isolation of diffrent complexes in the presence of similar reaction conditions.These complexes have been charaterized by single crystal X‐ray diffration (SC‐XRD), High resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). In order to study magnetic behaviour of complexes 1–3, direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibilities have aslo been measured. The effect of substitution on ligand has also been demonstrated by computational studies.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural over Magnetic Carbon‐Encapsulated CoO@C Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Li Feng , Huang Jin , Wang Yue , Lu Shiyu , Li Pei , Li Cuiqin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA magnetic CoO@C catalyst with a carbon‐encapsulated structure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and applied into catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural with alcohol as the hydrogen donor. The preparation parameters of CoO@C were studied in detail. Various techniques were used to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties of CoO@C. The formation mechanism of CoO@C was proposed. CoO@C exhibited higher catalytic activity and selectivity toward furfuryl alcohol in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural than Co3O4@C and Co@C. The effects of reaction conditions on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over CoO@C were also investigated to optimize the reaction conditions. The CoO@C catalyst can be recovered and reused under an external magnetic field, and its catalytic performance did not decrease significantly after reuse for four times. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over CoO@C and over Co@C was proposed.
Ethyl lactate: An Efficient Green Mediator for Transition Metal Free Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Azobenzenes
Authors: Pariyar Gyan Chandra , Kundu Tandra , Mitra Bijeta , Mukherjee Suvodip , Ghosh Pranab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEthyl lactate, a bio‐based completely degradable green solvent has been explored as an efficient reaction medium for the synthesis of symmetric as well as unsymmetric azobenzenes using various amines. As an environment friendly solvent, ethyl lactate has been found to have an interesting effect in this methodology for the formation of azobenzenes without the use of any transitional metal catalysts at room temperature.
Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices for Plasmonically Modulating Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Deng Kerong , Xu Lili , Guo Xin , Wu Xiaotong , Liu Yulian , Zhu Zhimin , Li Qian , Zhan Qiuqiang , Li Chunxia , Quan Zewei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEngineering a facile and controllable approach to modulate the spectral properties of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is always an ongoing challenge. Herein, long‐range ordered, distinct two‐dimensional (2D) binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) composed of NaREF4:Yb/Er (RE = Y and Gd) UCNPs and plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (Au NPs), including AB, AB3, and AB13 lattices, are fabricated via a slow evaporation‐driven self‐assembly to achieve plasmonic modulation of upconversion luminescence (UCL). Optical measurements reveal that typical red–green UCL from UCNPs can be effectively modulated into reddish output in BNSLs, with a drastically shortened lifetime. Notably, for AB3‐ and AB13‐type BNSLs with more proximal Au NPs around each UCNP, modified UCL with fine‐structured spectral lineshape is observed. These differences could be interpreted by the interplay of collective plasmon resonance introduced by 2D periodic Au arrays and spectrally selective energy transfer between UCNPs and Au. Thus, fabricating UCNP‐Au BNSLs with desired lattice parameters and NP configurations could be a promising way to tailor the UCL through controlled plasmonic modulation.
Sibling donation games:pure‐altruism,strategic‐altruism,and the interaction of familial and public transfers
Authors: Farmer Amy , Horowitz Andrew W. , Tan Na 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccompanying the rapidly aging populations of high‐income countries are increasing transfers of time and money from adult children to elderly parents (ascending altruism). In this paper we first develop a theoretical model to characterize the general reaction‐functions of two adult siblings choosing transfer amounts (possibly time) to their needy parents under two alternative motivations:pure altruismandstrategic altruism.We show that transfers are strategic substitutes underpure altruismand strategic complements understrategic altruism. The Nash‐equilibrium generates distinct predictions associated with each motivation and we then explore some implications of our findings. A result with potentially important policy implications is that the response of children transfers to increased pension payments to the parents depends on the children's motivations. This contrasts with much of the literature which assumes transfers decrease with increased pension payments.
Influence of axial tension on the shear strength of transversally reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Pham Duc Toan , Fouré Bernard , Pinoteau Nicolas , Abouri Salim , Mège Romain 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis contribution is addressing the investigation on the effect of axial tension on the shear strength of transversally reinforced concrete beams. It presents the results of a test program of 27 beams with different amounts of shear reinforcement subjected to varying levels of axial tension. After a general discussion about the truss model, the experimental shear strength results from the present study along with the results from some previous studies are analyzed, mainly with respect to the ultimate angle of the concrete struts. Then, several design codes are discussed in order to assess their practical validity, and finally a new method is proposed for the design of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, valid irrespective of the levels of the axial tensile force.
Simulations as practice‐based spaces to support elementary teachers in learning how to facilitate argumentation‐focused science discussions
Authors: Mikeska Jamie N. , Howell Heather 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to deepen students' understanding of natural phenomenon and how scientific knowledge is constructed, it is critical that science teachers learn how to engage students in productive scientific argumentation. Simulations for teachers are one possible solution to providing practice‐based spaces where novices can approximate the work of facilitating argumentation‐focused science discussions. This study's purpose is to examine how preservice elementary teachers (PSETs) engage in this ambitious teaching practice within an online simulated classroom composed of five upper elementary student avatars. In this study, which is part of a larger research project, we developed and used four performance tasks to provide opportunities for PSETs to practice facilitating argumentation‐focused science discussions within a simulated classroom. The student avatars were controlled on the backend by a human‐in‐the‐loop who was trained to respond to the teachers' prompts in real time using predesigned student thinking profiles and specific technology, such as voice modulation software. We used analysis of transcripts from the PSETs' video‐recorded discussions to examine how the PSETs engaged the student avatars in scientific argumentation, with particular attention to the teaching moves that supported argument construction and argument critique. We also used survey and interview data to examine how the PSETs viewed the usefulness of these simulation‐based tools to support their learning. Findings show that there was variability in the extent to which the PSETs engaged the student avatars in argument construction and argument critique and the teaching moves that the PSETs used to do so. Results also indicated that PSETs strongly perceive the value of using such tools within teacher education. Implications for the potential of simulations to provide insights into novices' ability to engage students in scientific argumentation and to support them in learning in and from their practice, including how to productively integrate these tools in teacher education, are discussed.
Diffraction of nonstationary waves on wedges and half‐planes under mixed boundary conditions: Exact solutions and weakening of blast waves by wedge‐shaped barriers
Authors: Israilov Mukhady Sh. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe problem of diffraction of nonstationary plane waves on a wedge under mixed boundary conditions is considered when the Neumann condition is set on one side of the wedge and the Dirichlet condition is set on other side. For the case of an incident plane wave in the form of a step function, an exact solution of the problem (expressed through elementary functions) is obtained by the direct method based on self‐similarity of the problem, i.e., using the fact that its solution is a homogeneous function of space coordinates and time. This method reduces the dimension of the problem by unity and leads it to the initial‐boundary value problem for the equation of string oscillations in the hyperbolic region and to the mixed boundary problem for the two‐dimensional Laplace equation in the elliptic region. The exact solution is given by reducing the mixed problem for an elliptic domain to a problem with boundary conditions of one type on the whole boundary by means of analytic continuation of unknown function. The results for a half‐plane are significantly simplified in comparison with the solution for a wedge. The behaviour of the obtained solution at the tip of the wedge and near the diffraction front is investigated and qualitative differences from the results for diffraction problems with one‐type boundary conditions on the whole boundary are noted. The numerical comparison is given of the near‐front asymptotic solution of mixed diffraction problem and the similar asymptotic solution by Friedlander for a wedge with acoustically rigid walls. This comparison shows that in the case of a wedge with mixed boundary conditions there is a much greater weakening (attenuation) of the blast waves in the shadow region.
Selective mode excitation of Lamb wave in composite laminates for a circular and two ring‐shaped piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Kirillova Evgenia , Seemann Wolfgang , Shevtsova Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the current research the effect of the radius of a transducer, vibration frequency and anisotropic properties of the host structure on the occuring wave fields is analyzed. Semi‐analytical approach based on the Green's matrix representations and the Fourier transform is applied for calculation of dispersion curves and wave fields in two types of composite layups in a wide frequency‐thickness product range. The contribution of each wave mode in the excited wave field is analyzed. A method for decomposition of the Lamb waves is proposed and examined for the example of a combination of two ring‐shaped actuators.
Was darf der Mensch?
Authors: Hößle Corinna , Plewka Isabelle , Warnstedt Julia 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel des Moduls „Gesellschaftsrelevante Themen der Biologie kommunizieren“ ist, mit einem forschungsbasierten Lernansatz bioethische Probleme zu erkennen und zu bewerten. Bioethik wird dabei verstanden als die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den moralischen Dimensionen in den von den Biowissenschaften betroffenen Handlungsfeldern Biomedizin, Biotechnologien und Ökologie (Graumann, 2002; Hößle & Lude, 2004). Bioethische Reflexionen zielen darauf, ethische Orientierungen zu geben sowie Urteils- und Handlungskompetenzen zu vermitteln, die einen verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit den modernen Errungenschaften neuer Technologien in unserer Gesellschaft ermöglichen.
Mit Studierenden forschen und publizieren
Authors: Zegowitz Bernd 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Wer waren die Literaturwissenschaftler, die bei der Gründung 1914 an die Universität Frankfurt am Main berufen wurden, die das akademische Leben der Stadt Frankfurt in der Weimarer Republik mitprägten, die nach 1933 in Frankfurt weiterhin Literaturwissenschaft betrieben oder die vertrieben wurden? Ein zweisemestriges interdisziplinäres Lehrforschungsseminar am Fachbereich 10 (Neuere Philologien) hat anlässlich des Jubiläums zum 100-jährigen Bestehen der Universität im Jahr 2014 Antworten auf diese Fragen gesucht. Das Ergebnis ist eine virtuelle Ausstellung mit 20 Porträts (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 2017). Diese Ausstellung war jedoch nur ein Teil einer Reihe von Veranstaltungen, die sich im Jubiläumsjahr der Frankfurter Universität mit den Literaturwissenschaften in Frankfurt befassten.
Forschung in der Lehre: das Projekt MAREM
Authors: Witkowski Juliana , Mratschkowski Anna 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Lehrforschungsprojekt MAREM –MApping REfugees‘ Arrivals at Mediterranean Borders(MAREM) wurde von Oktober 2013 bis September 2016 am Lehrstuhl Soziologie/Organisation, Migration, Mitbestimmung an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum durchgeführt und im Rahmen der Lehre als ein auf zwei Semester angelegtes Seminar angeboten. Es diente zunächst dazu, die Studierenden in das generelle Thema der (Flucht-)Migration und in Methoden der qualitativen empirischen Sozialforschung einzuführen und bot während der Analysephase eine Plattform zum Erfahrungs- und Ergebnisaustausch. Insgesamt nahmen mehr als 50 Studierende am Projekt teil.