bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of weak magnetic fields in two HgMn stars
Authors: Hubrig S , Järvinen S P , Korhonen H , Ilyin I , Schöller M , Niemczura E , Chojnowski S D 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The main-sequence mercury–manganese (HgMn) stars are known to exhibit large overabundances of exotic elements and, similar to magnetic Ap/Bp stars, are spectrum variables, implying the presence of an inhomogeneous element distribution over the stellar surface. A number of magnetic field studies have been attempted in the last decades, indicating that magnetic fields in HgMn stars, if they exist, should be rather weak. The presence of tangled magnetic fields was suggested by several authors who detected quadratic magnetic fields using the moment technique. We employ the least-squares deconvolution technique to carry out a sensitive search for weak magnetic fields in spectropolarimetric observations of three HgMn stars, HD 221507, HD 65949, and HD 101189, which have different fundamental parameters and spectral characteristics. A definite weak longitudinal field is discovered in HD 221507 and HD 65949 on single epochs, while only marginal field detections were achieved for HD 101189. The new measurements indicate that the structure of the magnetic fields is probably rather complex: our analysis reveals the presence of reversed Stokes V profiles at the same observational epoch if individual elements are used in the measurements. This is the first observational evidence that individual elements sample distinct local magnetic fields of different polarity across the stellar surface.
Modeling glioblastoma invasion using human brain organoids and single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Krieger Teresa G , Tirier Stephan M , Park Jeongbin , Jechow Katharina , Eisemann Tanja , Peterziel Heike , Angel Peter , Eils Roland , Conrad Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) consists of devastating neoplasms with high invasive capacity, which have been difficult to study in vitro in a human-derived model system. Therapeutic progress is also limited by cellular heterogeneity within and between tumors, among other factors such as therapy resistance. To address these challenges, we present an experimental model using human cerebral organoids as a scaffold for patient-derived GBM cell invasion.MethodsThis study combined tissue clearing and confocal microscopy with single-cell RNA sequencing of GBM cells before and after co-culture with organoid cells.ResultsWe show that tumor cells within organoids extend a network of long microtubes, recapitulating the in vivo behavior of GBM. Transcriptional changes implicated in the invasion process are coherent across patient samples, indicating that GBM cells reactively upregulate genes required for their dispersion. Potential interactions between GBM and organoid cells identified by an in silico receptor–ligand pairing screen suggest functional therapeutic targets.ConclusionsTaken together, our model has proven useful for studying GBM invasion and transcriptional heterogeneity in vitro, with applications for both pharmacological screens and patient-specific treatment selection on a time scale amenable to clinical practice.
A combined approach of convection-enhanced delivery of peptide nanofiber reservoir to prolong local DM1 retention for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma treatment
Authors: Bellat Vanessa , Alcaina Yago , Tung Ching-Hsuan , Ting Richard , Michel Adam O , Souweidane Mark , Law Benedict 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly lethal malignancy that occurs predominantly in children. DIPG is inoperable and post-diagnosis survival is less than 1 year, as conventional chemotherapy is ineffective. The intact blood–brain barrier (BBB) blocks drugs from entering the brain. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a direct infusion technique delivering drugs to the brain, but it suffers from rapid drug clearance. Our goal is to overcome the delivery barrier via CED and maintain a therapeutic concentration at the glioma site with a payload-adjustable peptide nanofiber precursor (NFP) that displays a prolonged retention property as a drug carrier.

Methods
The post-CED retention of 89Zr-NFP was determined in real time using PET/CT imaging. Emtansine (DM1), a microtubule inhibitor, was conjugated to NFP. The cytotoxicity of the resulting DM1-NFP was tested against patient-derived DIPG cell lines. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in animals bearing orthotopic DIPG, according to glioma growth (measured using bioluminescence imaging) and the long-term survival.

Results
DM1-NFP demonstrated potency against multiple glioma cell lines. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were in the nanomolar range. NFP remained at the infusion site (pons) for weeks, with a clearance half-life of 60 days. DM1-NFP inhibited glioma progression in animals, and offered a survival benefit (median survival of 62 days) compared with the untreated controls (28 days) and DM1-treated animal group (26 days).

Conclusions
CED, in combination with DM1-NFP, complementarily functions to bypass the BBB, prolong drug retention at the fusion site, and maintain an effective therapeutic effect against DIPG to improve treatment outcome.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Noncavernous Sinus Benign Meningioma: International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Practice Guideline
Authors: Marchetti Marcello , Sahgal Arjun , De Salles Antonio A F , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Paddick Ian , Pollock Bruce E , Regis Jean , Sheehan Jason , Suh John H , Yomo Shoji , Fariselli Laura 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for benign intracranial meningiomas is an established treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize the literature and provide evidence-based practice guidelines on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS).

METHODS
Articles in English specific to SRS for benign intracranial meningioma, published from January 1964 to April 2018, were systematically reviewed. Three electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register, were searched.

RESULTS
Out of the 2844 studies identified, 305 had a full text evaluation and 27 studies met the criteria to be included in this analysis. All but one were retrospective studies. The 10-yr local control (LC) rate ranged from 71% to 100%. The 10-yr progression-free-survival rate ranged from 55% to 97%. The prescription dose ranged typically between 12 and 15 Gy, delivered in a single fraction. Toxicity rate was generally low.

CONCLUSION
The current literature supporting SRS for benign intracranial meningioma lacks level I and II evidence. However, when summarizing the large number of level III studies, it is clear that SRS can be recommended as an effective evidence-based treatment option (recommendation level II) for grade 1 meningioma.
Pre-Employment MMPI-2 Measures and Later Psychological Injury-Related Absenteeism among Police Officers
Authors: Marshall Ruth E , Milligan-Saville Josie S , Steel Zachary , Bryant Richard A , Mitchell Philip B , Harvey Samuel B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pre-employment screening to assess for psychological vulnerability is common in trauma-exposed occupations such as policing. However, the ability of such screening to predict those at increased risk of subsequent mental health problems has been questioned. The present study sought to investigate the ability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) to predict absenteeism related to psychological injury in police officers. Pre-employment screening data from 1,399 sworn police officers was linked to organizational records. A total of 150 police officers who had taken at least 2 weeks’ sick leave with work-related mental health concerns were matched to 150 healthy controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine any association between MMPI-2 scales and psychological injury-related absenteeism. We found no evidence that elevations in the pre-employment MMPI-2 scores of police recruits were associated with an increased chance of future absenteeism as a result of psychological injury (P &gt; 0.05). In addition, there was no evidence of an increased likelihood of psychological injury-related absenteeism among those with a higher number of positive pre-employment risk factors (P = 0.09). While the MMPI-2 may be able to predict different outcomes among police officers, it is important to note that based on these results, the MMPI-2, if used at pre-employment, is not able to predict later psychological injury-related absenteeism.
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES
Authors: Alexias Aris , Kiouvrekis Yiannis , Tyrakis Charilaos , Alkhorayef Mohammed , Sulieman Abdelmoneim , Tsougos Ioannis , Theodorou Kiki , Kappas Constantin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
There is an exponential growth of public concern worldwide regarding the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by wind turbines. The high concern of the general population enhances the fact that EMF exposure remains a crucial issue that demands specific actions and reliable data to evaluate possible health hazards.

Materials and Methods
EMF exposure measurements were conducted in two wind farm (W/F) areas in Greece. The magnetic field strength concentrated in the proximity of 22 wind turbines (20 type of Gamesa Eolica Siemens of total power of 17 MW and 2 type of E53 Enercon, 800 KW each). Measurements were conducted using a Narda-NBM-550 basic unit (Narda Safety Test Solutions Company) using EHP-50F probe. The EMF exposure measurements were processed applying the weighted peak method (WPM), according to the 2013/35/EU Directive. WPM provides correction of the measured value of pulse signals, taking into account the phases of the various frequency components. The data were classified under two scenarios of EMF exposure: ‘high wind’ and ‘low wind’ conditions.

Results
The variation of the magnetic field strength was calculated between 1.13 and 1.42% (WPM). Measurements indicate that the intensity of the emitted magnetic field at the base of the wind turbines, in both high and low wind conditions, was relatively low (mean = 0.146 μT), while decreasing rapidly with increasing distance and reaching background values 6 m from the base.

Conclusion
The results of the present study indicate that EMF levels are similar or even lower compared to those in urban areas and well below the national and international safety limits.
Sources and Resources‘The NHS … Should not be Condemned to the History Books’: Public Engagement as a Method in Social Histories of Medicine
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Summary
This article explores the public engagement work of the Cultural History of the National Health Service (NHS) project, conducted at the University of Warwick between 2016 and 2019 and aiming to explore the meanings attached to Britain’s NHS over its 70-year history. The article situates public engagement as a critical methodology for social historians of medicine, exploring how events deepened this project’s understandings of post-war welfare, childhood treatments and activist cultures. Through reflection on these themes, the article emphasises that public engagement can generate rich new forms of qualitative testimony, complementing archival documents; point us towards ‘hidden archives’; and challenge cultural visions of historical research as ‘condemning’ or ‘celebrating’ its subjects. Finally, the article provides critical reflection on the challenges of such work and argues that engagement around health makes visible the broader research challenges of emotional intensity, personal and professional boundaries, and the hierarchies ingrained in academic research.
Translating Trauma-Informed Principles into Social Work Practice
Authors: Levenson Jill 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Trauma-informed social work is characterized by client-centered practices that facilitate trust, safety, respect, collaboration, hope, and shared power. Many agencies have adopted trauma-informed care (TIC) initiatives and many social workers are familiar with its basic principles, but it is challenging to infuse these ideals into real-world service delivery. This article offers 10 trauma-informed practices (TIPs) for translating TIC concepts into action by (a) conceptualizing client problems, strengths, and coping strategies through the trauma lens and (b) responding in ways that avoid inadvertently reinforcing clients’ feelings of vulnerability and disempowerment (re-traumatization). TIPs guide workers to consider trauma as an explanation for client problems, incorporate knowledge about trauma into service delivery, understand trauma symptoms, transform trauma narratives, and use the helping relationship as a tool for healing.
Longitudinal Differences in Human Hippocampal Connectivity During Episodic Memory Processing
Authors: Choi Kyuwan , Bagen Lisa , Robinson Linley , Umbach Gray , Rugg Michael , Lega Bradley 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe question of longitudinal hippocampal functional specialization is critical to human episodic memory because an accurate understanding of this phenomenon would impact theories of mnemonic function and entail practical consequences for the clinical management of patients undergoing temporal lobe surgery. The implementation of the robotically assisted stereo electroencephalography technique for seizure mapping has provided our group with the opportunity to obtain recordings simultaneously from the anterior and posterior human hippocampus, allowing us to create an unparalleled data set of human subjects with simultaneous anterior and posterior hippocampal recordings along with several cortical regions. Using these data, we address several key questions governing functional hippocampal connectivity in human memory. First, we ask whether functional networks during episodic memory encoding and retrieval are significantly different for the anterior versus posterior hippocampus (PH). We also examine how connections differ across the 2–5 Hz versus 4–9 Hz theta frequency ranges, directly addressing the relative contribution of each of these separate bands in hippocampal–cortical interactions. While we report some overlapping connections, we observe evidence of distinct anterior versus posterior hippocampal networks during memory encoding related to frontal and parietal connectivity as well as hemispheric differences in aggregate connectivity. We frame these findings in light of the proposed AT/PM memory systems. We also observe distinct encoding versus retrieval connectivity patterns between anterior and posterior hippocampal networks, we find that overall connectivity is greater for the PH in the right hemisphere, and further that these networks significantly differ in terms of frontal and parietal connectivity. We place these findings in the context of existing theoretical treatments of human memory systems, especially the proposed AT/PM system. During memory retrieval, we observe significant differences between slow-theta (2–5 Hz) and fast-theta (4–9 Hz) connectivity between the cortex and hippocampus. Taken together, our findings describe mnemonically relevant functional connectivity differences along the longitudinal axis of the human hippocampus that will inform interpretation of models of hippocampal function that seek to integrate rodent and human data.
Identifying the Prescribing Physician in US Healthcare Claims Data
Authors: Der Jane S. , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Identifying the prescribing physician may be essential in studies that use health care claims databases but often there is no single consistent physician identifier (ID) available that spans an entire database and no standard methods have emerged to address this issue.

Methods:
Unique Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) numbers (N=36,721) were identified from the pharmacy claims of a cohort of postmenopausal (55+) initiators of osteoporosis medications (2008–2011) in the United Healthcare database. The proportion of times a Provider ID appeared at least once on the outpatient medical service claims (OMSCs) in the 14 days before a new prescription (Rx) out of the total number of new Rxs for each DEA was calculated and the Provider ID with the highest proportion was considered the most likely match to the DEA. We used regression models to evaluate how characteristics of OMSCs (N=36,721) related to the probability that the provider would be the prescribing physician on a proximal pharmacy claim for each patient (N=20,058).

Results:
A total of 37,448,056 new Rxs and 132,135,673 OMSCs were associated with the DEAs. Family and general practitioner, hospitalist, and osteoporosis diagnoses were strong predictors of a match. Our models had sensitivities ranging from 81.9% to 82.8% and specificities ranging from 52.4% to 53.5%.

Conclusions:
Our algorithms were good at identifying matches for the prescribing physician according to our reference standard but may have included some false positives. Predicted probabilities from our models could be used in other databases where physician IDs are unavailable to help identify the prescriber.
A Novel Mutation in WAS Gene Causing a Phenotypic Presentation of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ochfeld Elisa , Grayer Dannielle , Sharma Ruchika , Schneiderman Jennifer , Giordano Lisa , Makhija Melanie 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, and atopic dermatitis.

Observations:
This infant presented at birth with petechiae and bruising, with severe neonatal thrombocytopenia. Genetic testing for WAS revealed a variant of unknown significance hemizygous missense mutation in the WAS gene. This variant has not previously been reported. On the basis of the patient’s clinical course including bleeding, infection, abnormal immune evaluation, and dermatologic sequelae, he was diagnosed with WAS and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:
We report a novel mutation in the WAS gene that causes a phenotypic presentation of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.
Review of the Association Between Number of Social Roles and Cardiovascular Disease: Graded or Threshold Effect?
Authors: Chin Brian , Cohen Sheldon 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
There is increasing evidence for an inverse association between the number of social roles (e.g., spouse, friend, and neighbor) we engage in and our risk of disease, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two mechanistic models have been proposed to explain this association. The social integration model refers to a graded association where every additional social role is associated with an increase in resistance to disease. The social isolation model refers to a threshold effect where the lack of a minimal criterion number of roles increases risk of disease.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies examining the association between number of social roles and CVD risk.

Results
When we include all studies assessing number of social roles, irrespective of whether associations are attributable to graded effects (social integration) and threshold effects (social isolation) or cannot be determined by the data presented, those holding fewer social roles were found to be at greater risk of CVD incidence, CVD mortality (evidence stronger for men than women), and greater progression of disease (only for short [≤5 years] follow-ups). However, closer analyses indicate that the association between a greater number of social roles and decreased CVD incidence was attributable to graded effects among men but to both effects among women. In contrast, the association of number of social roles and disease progression was driven by threshold effects (social isolation) for both sexes, whereas mortality studies included evidence for both effects.

Conclusions
These results suggest underlying mechanisms linking social roles to different CVD outcomes.
Frailty transitions, inflammation, and mortality among persons aging with HIV infection and injection drug use
Authors: Piggott Damani A. , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Mehta Shruti H. , Brown Todd T. , Yang Huanle , Walston Jeremy D. , Leng Sean X. , Kirk Gregory D. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiologic reserve and heightened vulnerability to stress, predictive of major adverse clinical outcomes in HIV-infected and uninfected adults. Frailty is a dynamic state, yet little data exist on predictors and consequences of frailty transitions.

Design/methods:
Frailty was assessed semiannually among HIV-infected and uninfected persons with prior injection drug use using the five Fried phenotype domains. An inflammatory index score was constructed from IL-6 and soluble TNF-α receptor-1 data. Markov transition models assessed determinants of frailty transitions. Cox proportional hazards models estimated mortality risk.

Results:
Among 1353 AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience participants with 9559 frailty transition assessments, 33% were HIV-infected. Younger age, higher education, employment, reduced comorbidity, HIV virologic suppression, elevated CD4+ nadir (>500 cells/μl) and absence of a prior AIDS diagnosis were significantly associated with both reduced frailty progression and greater frailty recovery. Each SD decrease in inflammatory index score was associated with decreased frailty progression [odds ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65, 0.92] and increased frailty recovery (odds ratio 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.53). Being frail at one of two consecutive visits was associated with increased mortality, compared with maintenance of a nonfrail state. Being frail at both of two consecutive visits demonstrated the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 3.23; 95% CI, 2.1, 4.96).

Conclusion:
Sustained, and to a lesser degree, intermittent frail states are associated with increased mortality. HIV virologic suppression with earlier antiretroviral therapy, reduced comorbidity, and reduced inflammation may prevent frailty progression and promote frailty recovery, consequently improving survival for persons aging with HIV and persons with prior injection drug use.