bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shot-noise-induced lower temperature limit of the nonneutral plasma parallel temperature diagnostic
Authors: Zhong Adrianne , Fajans Joel , Wurtele Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe develop a new algorithm to estimate the temperature of a nonneutral plasma in a Penning-Malmberg trap. The algorithm analyzes data obtained by slowly lowering a voltage that confines one end of the plasma and collecting escaping charges, and is a maximum likelihood estimator based on a physically-motivated model of the escape protocol presented in (Beck in Measurement of the magnetic and temperature dependence of the electron-electron anisotropic temperature relaxation rate. PhD thesis, 1990). Significantly, our algorithm may be used on single-count data, allowing for improved fits with low numbers of escaping electrons. This is important for low-temperature plasmas such as those used in antihydrogen trapping. We perform a Monte Carlo simulation of our algorithm, and assess its robustness to intrinsic shot noise and external noise. The assumptions in this paper allow for a lower bound for measurable plasma temperatures of approximately $3\,\mathrm{K}$
3

K
for plasmas of length $1\,\mathrm{cm}$
1

cm
, with approximately 100 particle counts needed for an accuracy of $\pm 10 \%$
±
10
%
.
Stratified Medicine Pediatrics: Cell-Free DNA and Serial Tumor Sequencing Identifies Subtype-Specific Cancer Evolution and Epigenetic States
Authors: George Sally L. , Lynn Claire , Stankunaite Reda , Hughes Debbie , Sauer Carolin M. , Chalker Jane , Waqar Ahmed Saira , Oostveen Minou , Proszek Paula Z. , Yuan Lina , Shaikh Ridwan , Jamal Sabri , Brew Ama , Tall Jennifer , Rogers Tony , Clifford Steven C. , Vormoor Josef , Shipley Janet M. , Tweddle Deborah A. , Jones Chris , Willis Courtney , Burke G.A. Amos , Vedi Aditi , Howell Lisa , Johnston Robert , Rees Helen , Adams Madeleine , Jesudason Angela , Ronghe Milind , Elliott Martin , Ross Emma , Makin Guy , Campbell-Hewson Quentin , Grundy Richard G. , Turnbull Jennifer , Wilson Shaun , Lee Victoria , Gray Juliet C. , Stoneham Sara , Gatz Susanne A. , Marshall Lynley V. , Angelini Paola , Anderson John , Cresswell George D. , Graham Trevor A. , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Kearns Pamela , Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Hargrave Darren , Jacques Thomas S. , Hubank Michael , Sottoriva Andrea , Chesler Louis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We profiled a large heterogeneous cohort of matched diagnostic relapse tumor tissue and paired plasma-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with relapsed and progressive solid tumors of childhood. Tissue and cfDNA sequencing results were concordant, with a wider spectrum of mutant alleles and higher degree of intratumor heterogeneity captured by the latter, if sufficient ctDNA was present. Serial tumor sequencing identified putative drivers of relapse, with alterations in epigenetic drivers being a common feature. In keeping with epigenetic alterations being a common driver of many childhood cancers, fragmentomic analysis of cfDNA identified tumor-specific epigenetic states and transcription factor binding sites accessible in chromatin. This study leverages a large and well-annotated genomic dataset of aggressive childhood malignancies, identifies genomic and epigenetic drivers of childhood cancer relapse, and highlights the power and practicality of cfDNA analysis to capture both intratumoral heterogeneity and the epigenetic state of cancer cells.

Significance:
In tumors of childhood, we identify mutations in epigenetic genes as drivers of relapse, with matched cfDNA sequencing showing significant intratumor genetic heterogeneity and cell-state specific patterns of chromatin accessibility. This highlights the power of cfDNA analysis to identify both genetic and epigenetic drivers of aggressive disease in pediatric cancers.
Entrainment, Detrainment, and Dilution of Dry and Moist Atmospheric Thermals
Authors: Morrison Hugh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the entrainment, detrainment, and dilution of dry and moist (cloud) atmospheric thermals in large-eddy simulations. In a neutrally stable environment (with respect to dry dynamics), moist thermals have an increase in radius R with thermal height zt (α ≡ dR/dzt) about 4 times smaller compared to dry thermals when density stratification is considered and ∼2.4 times smaller without density stratification (i.e., applying the Boussinesq approximation). An analytic expression relating α to several dimensionless parameters is derived from the thermal impulse–circulation relation to clarify the factors impacting α. This expression shows that the difference in buoyancy structure between moist and dry thermals, with buoyancy concentrated in the central cores of moist thermals owing to latent heating, explains their smaller spreading rates. Individual contributions of entrainment and detrainment are analyzed using a direct parcel-based approach in the simulations. Moist thermals have similar fractional detrainment but much smaller fractional entrainment rates compared to dry thermals, consistent with the differences in α. Despite having smaller α, moist thermals are similarly dilute (quantified by a passive tracer) as dry thermals because of their greater mixing efficiency with the environment. Thus, moist thermals are substantially dilute but expand much less in size/volume as they rise compared to dry thermals. The α values for moist thermals in (dry) neutral and statically stable environments are similar, but fractional entrainment and especially detrainment rates are greater in the stable environment. Large detrainment rates are associated with a breakdown of the broader thermal vortex ring structure, especially with low environmental relative humidity, attributed in part to evaporation and buoyancy reversal.

Significance Statement
Thermals—blobs of rising buoyant air—are nearly ubiquitous in cumulus clouds. However, the mechanisms by which cloud thermals mix with surrounding air and spread outward as they incorporate (entrain) this air are uncertain. Many past studies have examined dry thermals as a proxy for understanding cloud thermals. Using a numerical model, the current study shows that cloud thermals spread roughly 2–4 times less than dry thermals but have a higher mixing efficiency. As a result, cloud thermals are similarly diluted by environmental air as dry thermals despite having a smaller spreading rate. This is important because dilution generally reduces the buoyancy of cloud thermals, helping to determine how fast and how far clouds as a whole rise.
Navigating agitation in neurodevelopmental disorders: A comparative study of pharmacotherapies via network meta-analysis in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disabilities
Authors: Bahji Anees , Forth Evan , Nasar Amina , Waqas Ahmed , Hawken Emily R , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Importance: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability often experience persistent challenges related to aggressive behaviour and agitation, highlighting the critical need for evidence-based pharmacological interventions among other strategies. Despite previous network meta-analyses (NMAs), the rapidly evolving landscape of treatment options necessitates ongoing and updated assessments. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of various pharmacotherapies in managing agitation in children and adults with ASD or intellectual disabilities (ID). Methods: Employing a systematic review and network meta-analysis methodology, we conducted an exhaustive search across multiple databases for double-blind, randomized controlled trials focusing on pharmacotherapies targeting agitation in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, our assessment of study quality utilized the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to ensure methodological rigour and accuracy in data synthesis. Primary outcomes encompassed measures of reduced agitation, as indicated by treatment response on standardized agitation scales, alongside dropout rates, providing a comprehensive overview of treatment efficacy and tolerability. Results: Our analysis included data from 38 eligible trials, involving 2503 participants across both pediatric and adult populations. Key pharmacological interventions, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone, omega-3 fatty acids, risperidone plus palmitoylethanolamide, aripiprazole and risperidone, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing agitation compared to placebo. Importantly, these treatments were generally well-tolerated, with no significant increase in all-cause dropouts compared to placebo, highlighting their suitability for clinical use in managing agitation in individuals with ASD or ID. Conclusions: This study underscores the efficacy and tolerability of several pharmacotherapies in managing agitation among children and adults with ASD or ID. Our findings provide robust evidence that specific treatments, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone and omega-3 fatty acids, are both effective and well-tolerated, offering valuable therapeutic options for clinicians. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to ensure that treatment strategies remain aligned with the evolving clinical landscape, ultimately improving patient outcomes in this challenging population.
The Relationship Between Palliative Care Nurses’ Frequency of Providing Spiritual Care and Their Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aslan Hakime , Çelik Hanife , Kaplan Feride 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of spiritual care and job satisfaction of palliative care nurses. Methods This study was a cross-sectional type. The study population consisted of nurses working in palliative care units of three hospitals in eastern Turkey. The study was conducted with 110 nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The researchers’ “Information Form”, “Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale” and “Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale” were used to collect data. Data was collected by face-to-face interview method between August and September 2022. Results It was determined that the nurses scored 45.2 ± 15.8 points from the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and 4.1 ± 0.7 points from the nurse job satisfaction scale. There was a positive and moderately significant relationship between the frequency of spiritual care giving and job satisfaction of nurses. The frequency of giving spiritual care positively affected job satisfaction (β = .409) and predicted it by 19% (Adjusted R2 = .195). It was determined that satisfaction with the unit (palliative care) mediated the relationship between the frequency of spiritual care and job satisfaction. Conclusion “Palliative care nurses’ frequency of providing spiritual care was moderate and their job satisfaction was high, with frequency of providing spiritual care having a positive effect on job satisfaction. This suggests that increasing opportunities for nurses to provide spiritual care may further enhance their job satisfaction, leading to improved overall well-being.
Management of Persistent Hypernasality After Pharyngeal Flap by Revision Palatoplasty With Use of MRI to Aid Surgical Decision Making
Authors: Chee-Williams Jessica L. , Perry Jamie L. , Singh Davinder J. , Verhey Erik M. , Sitzman Thomas J. 
Published: December 2024

Objective Describe surgical decision making and outcomes in a series of patients with persistent VPI after pharyngeal flap placement that were all treated with revision palatoplasty. Design Retrospective, case series. Participants Five patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and persistent hypernasality following a pharyngeal flap. On MRI, 3 patients presented with an incohesive levator veli palatini muscle, and 4 patients had a pharyngeal flap that was below the palatal plane. Interventions One patient underwent straight-line intravelar veloplasty (IVVP), 2 patients underwent pharyngeal flap take-down and IVVP, and 2 patients underwent pharyngeal flap take-down and palate lengthening with buccal myomucosal flaps. Main Outcome Measure Pre- and postoperative resonance. Results Four of five patients (80%) achieved normal resonance 12 months postoperation. Conclusions Revision palatoplasty may be an effective approach for treating patients with persistent hypernasality following a pharyngeal flap. MRI may aid in surgical selection based on patient-specific anatomical findings.
The Influence of Cancer Type on Stroke Incidence: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Acır İbrahim , Erdoğan Hacı Ali , Toka Ertuğrul , Yayla Vildan 
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the hematological and biochemical variables in patients diagnosed with cancer-related stroke who have different types of cancer and to evaluate the effects of these variables. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital stroke center and included 153 patients diagnosed with cancer-related stroke. Comprehensive etiological investigations were performed, and patients were classified according to the Trial of Org 101072 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Laboratory parameters including d-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fibrinogen levels were collected from blood samples taken at the time of stroke. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way analysis of variance to assess differences in laboratory parameters across different cancer types. Results: The study found significant variations in hematological and biochemical parameters among different cancer types. Specifically, glomerular filtration rate, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio levels showed significant differences across cancer types ( P < 0.05), indicating that these factors may play distinct roles in the pathophysiology of cancer-related strokes. d-dimer, CRP, and sedimentation levels were significantly elevated in certain cancer types such as rectal, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers ( P < .01). These findings suggest a strong association between hypercoagulability and increased risk of stroke in these patients. Conclusions: This retrospective study highlights the importance of considering cancer-specific factors in the management of stroke risk, particularly in cancers such as pancreatic and colon, which show a predisposition to earlier stroke occurrence. The elevated coagulation factors in these patients suggest the potential need for early preventive treatment with anticoagulants or thrombin inhibitors.
Mental health care use of autistic adults: Identifying longitudinal patterns using sequence analysis
Authors: Selten Iris , Ziermans Tim , Rapoport Iris , Jonkman Kim , Geurts Hilde M 
Published: December 2024

To improve mental health care for autistic adults, a better understanding of their real-world intervention use is required. The aim of this study is to investigate individual differences in the intervention trajectories of autistic adults, by examining longitudinal patterns of therapy, counseling, and medication use. Self-reported intervention use of 445 autistic adults (18–87 years) across at least five consecutive measurements (2015–2021) was collected to identify clusters using sequence analysis and hierarchical clustering. Sensitivity analyses and cross-method validation (group-based multivariate trajectory modeling) were used to verify the obtained clusters. Four out of five obtained clusters had sufficient internal consistency and were replicated. These four clusters had distinct intervention trajectories (least intervention, mostly counseling, mostly medication, mixed use) and differed on several demographic variables. Most notably, the “mixed cluster” contained relatively more females and individuals with self-reported co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Many autistic adults used interventions, although they varied in type and duration of intervention use. This reflects the clinical complexity of tailoring intervention approaches and highlights that accessible and multidisciplinary care is essential to adequately support autistic adults. An important next step is to investigate whether available interventions sufficiently support autistic females and those with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Lay abstract Many autistic adults experience co-occurring mental health problems, which have a negative effect on their well-being and result in increased use of mental health services. To improve mental healthcare for autistic adults, a better understanding is needed of what type of support they use in real life. Clinical guidelines recommend three kinds of mental health interventions: therapy, counseling, and medication. We investigated the use of these types of interventions in a sample of 445 autistic adults (aged 18–87 years) across a 5-to-7-year period. We found evidence for four different patterns of intervention use, or so-called subgroups: (1) least intervention use, (2) mostly counseling, (3) mostly medication, and (4) mixed intervention use. The group with mixed intervention use consisted of relatively more females and individuals with co-occurring psychiatric conditions, especially compared to the subgroup with the least intervention use. It appeared that many, but not all, autistic individuals used mental health services for an extended period. However, there was considerable variability in the type, combination, and duration of intervention use. This means that determining the optimal support for autistic adults is often a complex task, which requires collaboration of clinical experts and autistic individuals themselves, to make informed decisions.
Preliminary exploration of a rat model of reversible renal artery stenosis
Authors: Shuang Zhou , Yejia Lin , Xuedong Li 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Development of renal artery stenosis (RAS) can lead to renal function impairment, blood pressure elevation, and myocardial remodeling. However, the detail mechanism, the treatments using medicines and stents were still blurred. In order to study RAS, animal models are badly needed. This study aimed to establish RAS model based on the novel “two kidneys, one clip” approach for renal hypertension (2K1C-RHR) modeling in rats. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were selected for model building. Using the approach of 2K1C, the RAS model was built with delayed removal of clips. Animal models were evaluated using systolic blood pressure (SBP) and creatinine (Cr) at the time points for the stenosis recording. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among groups. Results The SBP levels and the Cr concentrations were significantly increased after the establishment of RAS model ( P < 0.05) using 2K1C method with delay of 1 to 3 weeks, blood pressures increased from 85.9 ± 5.9 mmHg to 131.5 ± 16.7 mmHg in model groups and especially obvious in after the establishment model of two weeks (from 87.4 ± 6.9 mmHg to 145.6 ± 11.8 mmHg). Cr increased from 19.2 ± 4.1 μmol/L to 40.5 ± 11.8 μmol/L in model groups and especially obvious in after the establishment model of three weeks (from 18.8 ± 4.5 μmol/L to 51.4 ± 9.7 μmol/L). When the clips were removed from the stenosis models, 3 days from removal of clips, the SBP levels and the Cr concentrations decreased. Conclusion Based on 2K1C approach, rat RAS model would be established and the reversible effects were observed which would be used for kidney function restore and the blood pressure control.
Effect of the TAAR1 Partial Agonist Ralmitaront on Presynaptic Dopamine Synthesis Capacity Measured Using [18F]DOPA PET in Naïve and Cocaine-Treated Mice
Authors: Bonsall David R. , Kokkinou Michelle , Halff Els F. , Rutigliano Grazia , Tang Sac-Pham , Veronese Mattia , Irvine Elaine E. , Withers Dominic J. , Wells Lisa A. , Natesan Sridhar , Gerlach Irene , Holiga Štefan , Hoener Marius C. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Elevated dopamine synthesis capacity is part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia thought to underlie psychosis. Drugs that reduce this phenomenon could thus be potential treatments for these disorders. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) partial agonist ralmitaront to reduce presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity. Procedures Ralmitaront (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a TAAR1 partial agonist, was evaluated using [18F]DOPA PET for its ability to modulate presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in naïve mice as well as mice in an induced hyperdopaminergic state following acute cocaine administration (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Results Cocaine treatment on its own did not induce elevated dopamine synthesis capacity when compared to the control group. Pretreatment with ralmitaront significantly reduced dopamine synthesis capacity when given either alone (44%) or in combination with the psychostimulant cocaine (50%) when compared to the control group. Conclusions The TAAR1 agonist ralmitaront reduces striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, indexed as KiMod, both in naïve animals and when given prior to acute cocaine. This indicates the potential of TAAR1 agonism to address disorders characterized by striatal hyperdopaminergia.
Minimal Detectable Change Scores and Factors Associated With Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) Performance After Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Gomes Dean , Sinnott Aaron , Zynda Aaron J. , Kochick Victoria L. , Ostop Sarah , Trbovich Alicia M. , Feder Abigail , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Factors associated with performance outside of a normative range on dynamic exertion test (EXiT) after sport-related concussion (SRC) remain unknown. This study examined the role of demographic and medical history factors on performance using minimal detectable change (MDC) cutoff scores in athletes being cleared to return to sport (RTS) from SRC. Hypothesis: Older age, being female, and body mass index (BMI) ≥50th percentile would be associated with worse EXiT performance and with increased likelihood of falling outside the normative MDC score range. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Demographic factors, physiological metrics, performance metrics, symptoms, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected from 55 participants (age, 16.5 ± 2.3 years, 31.5% female) initially evaluated within 14 days of SRC who completed EXiT at medical clearance for RTS. Chi-square analyses, logistic and ordinal regressions, and 1-way analyses of variance examined factors associated with EXiT performance. Results: Most participants fell within the MDC score range on aerobic (71.2-100%), dynamic (75.8-100%), and change-of-direction (36.5-98.0%) tasks, and symptoms (96.2-100%). Older age was associated with better performance on Box Drill Shuffle ( P < 0.01) and lower heart rate (HR) outcomes after Ball Toss ( P = 0.04), Box Drill Shuffle ( P < 0.01), Box Drill Carioca ( P = 0.04), and Pro Agility ( P < 0.01). Greater BMI was associated with higher HR%max after Ball Toss ( P < 0.01) and worse posttreadmill aerobic performance ( P < 0.01). Motion sickness history was associated with longer Zig Zag completion time ( P = 0.036). Conclusion: Most athletes presenting for clearance from concussion performed within MDC score ranges on EXiT metrics. Clinical Relevance: EXiT is accurate and effective in assessing response to dynamic exertion after SRC, and MDC scores can inform RTS decisions. Clinicians should consider age, BMI, and history of motion sickness when assessing EXiT performance.