bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐generation diagnostics in inflammatory skin diseases: Immunofluorescence and histopathological assessment using ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sinem Bağcı Işın , Aoki Rui , Vladimirova Gabriela , Ergün Ecem , Ruzicka Thomas , Sárdy Miklós , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEx vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers real‐time examination of excised tissue in reflectance, fluorescence and digital haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E)–like staining modes enabling application of fluorescent‐labelled antibodies. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of ex vivo CLSM in identifying histopathological features and lupus band test in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) with comparison to conventional histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). A total of 72 sections of 18 CLE patients were stained with acridine orange (AO), anti‐IgG, anti‐IgM and anti‐IgA; 21 control samples were stained with AO. Subsequently, ex vivo CLSM examination of all samples was performed in reflectance, fluorescence and digital H&E‐like staining modes. Superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltration (94.4%), interface dermatitis (88.9%), spongiosis (83.3%) and vacuolar degeneration (77.7%) were the most common features detected with ex vivo CLSM. Kappa test revealed a level of agreement ranging within “perfect” to “good” between ex vivo CLSM and conventional histopathology. ROC analysis showed that the combination of perivascular infiltration, interface dermatitis and spongiosis detected by ex vivo CLSM has the potential to distinguish between CLE and controls. Basement membrane immunoreactivity with IgG, IgM and IgA was identified in 88.8% (n = 15), 55.5% (n = 10) and 55.5% (n = 10) of the CLE samples using ex vivo CLSM, respectively, whereas DIF showed IgG, IgM and IgA positivity in 94.4% (n = 17), 100% (n = 18) and 88.9% (n = 16) of patients, respectively. In conclusion, ex vivo CLSM enables simultaneous histopathological and immunofluorescence examination in CLE showing a high agreement with conventional histopathology, albeit with a lower performance than conventional DIF.
Finite element stress analysis of Aramany class I maxillectomy defect with single‐ and two‐piece closed bulb obturators
Authors: Sudhan Ram Harihara , Chander Gopi Naveen , Anitha Kuttae Viswanathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the stress on the surrounding structures of Aramany class I maxillectomy defect restored with different obturator prostheses.Methods and resultsDefinitive three‐dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of Aramany class I defect rehabilitated with single‐ and two‐piece closed bulb obturator prostheses was constructed based on patient computed tomography (CT) using a software. Unilateral defect restored with tripodal design single‐piece closed bulb obturator was used as FE model 1‐ and two‐piece magnet retained closed bulb obturators as FE model 2. Finite element analysis (FEA) with three different load (150 N, 200 N and 250 N) applications was used to calculate the equivalent von Mises stress. A least stress value of 62.28 MPa was observed in two‐piece closed bulb design with 150 N force, and highest stress value of 104.15 MPa was observed in single‐piece obturator with application of 250 N force.ConclusionMinor difference in stress distribution pattern was observed between single‐piece obturator and two‐piece obturator, and stress value was comparatively lesser in two‐piece than single‐piece obturator. The stress pattern, distribution and numerical values increased with increase in magnitude of forces. More stress was observed on the lateral slopes of obturator closer to defect than in other areas of the obturator.
Microwave hybrid fast sintering of red clay ceramics
Authors: Pitolli Lyra Gabriela , Santos Valdemir , Maria de Jesus Agnolon Pallone Eliria , Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga Kiminami Ruth , Carlos De Santis Bruno , Adriano Rossignolo João 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work aimed to examine the performance of the hybrid sintering of clay ceramic in a microwave furnace, compared to the sintering process in a conventional furnace. The raw materials were subjected to X‐ray fluorescence, loss on ignition (LOI), X‐ray diffraction, particle size distribution, real specific mass, and thermogravimetric analyses. The red clay ceramic mass was prepared, extruded, pre‐sintered in a conventional furnace at 600°C/60 min, and sintered at temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C. The sintering conventional (resistive oven) was carried out for 60 min with a heating rate of 10°C/min. In the microwave furnace, the sintering times were 5, 10, and 15 min, with a heating rate of 50°C/min, with a sintering chamber coated with silicon carbide (susceptor). The sintered specimens were characterized according to linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy analysis, spectroscopy analysis in the ultraviolet and visible regions, microhardness, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that microwave sintering promoted an increase in the microhardness and apparent specific mass, and reduction in water absorption and apparent porosity values, due to greater densification in the microstructure. The best results occurred for specimens sintered at 1100°C.
Nanoparticle‐mediated targeting of autoantigen peptide to cross‐presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells protects from CD8 T‐cell‐driven autoimmune cholangitis
Authors: Carambia Antonella , Gottwick Cornelia , Schwinge Dorothee , Stein Stephanie , Digigow Reinaldo , Şeleci Muharrem , Mungalpara Disha , Heine Markus , Schuran Fenja A. , Corban Carlotta , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schramm Christoph , Heeren Joerg , Herkel Johannes 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAutoimmune diseases are caused by adaptive immune responses to self‐antigens. The development of antigen‐specific therapies that suppress disease‐related, but not unrelated immune responses in general, is an important goal of biomedical research. We have previously shown that delivery of myelin peptides to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) using LSEC‐targeting nanoparticles provides effective protection from CD4 T‐cell‐driven autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we investigated whether this methodology might also serve antigen‐specific treatment of a CD8 T‐cell‐driven autoimmune disease. As a model for CD8 T‐cell‐mediated autoimmunity, we used OT‐1 T‐cell‐driven cholangitis in K14‐OVAp mice expressing the cognate MHC I‐restricted SIINFEKL peptide in cholangiocytes. To study whether peptide delivery to LSECs could modulate cholangitis, SIINFEKL peptide‐conjugated nanoparticles were administered intravenously one day before transfer of OT‐1 T cells; five days after cell transfer, liver pathology and hepatic infiltrates were analysed. SIINFEKL peptide‐conjugated nanoparticles were rapidly taken up by LSECs in vivo, which effectively cross‐presented the delivered peptide on MHC I molecules. Intriguingly, K14‐OVAp mice receiving SIINFEKL‐loaded nanoparticles manifested significantly reduced liver damage compared with vehicle‐treated K14‐OVAp mice. Mechanistically, treatment with LSEC‐targeting SIINFEKL‐loaded nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of liver‐infiltrating OT‐1 T cells, which up‐regulated expression of the co‐inhibitory receptor PD‐1 and down‐regulated cytotoxic effector function and inflammatory cytokine production. These findings show that tolerogenic LSECs can effectively internalize circulating nanoparticles and cross‐present nanoparticle‐bound peptides on MHC I molecules. Therefore, nanoparticle‐mediated autoantigen peptide delivery to LSECs might serve the antigen‐specific treatment of CD8 T‐cell‐driven autoimmune disease.
An exploration of lifestyle/obesity programmes for adults with intellectual disabilities through a realist lens: Impact of a ‘context, mechanism and outcome’ evaluation
Authors: Taggart Laurence , Doherty Alison Jayne , Chauhan Umesh , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is higher in people with intellectual disabilities.AimsThere are two aims of this explorative paper. Firstly, using a realist lens, to go beyond ‘what works’ and examine the ‘context, mechanisms and outcomes’ (CMO) of lifestyle/obesity programmes for this population. Second, using a logic model framework to inform how these programmes could be implemented within practice.MethodWe explored six‐review papers and the individual lifestyle/obesity programmes that these papers reviewed using the CMO framework.ResultsThere were few theoretically underpinned, multi‐component programmes that were effective in the short to long‐term and many failed to explore the ‘context and mechanisms’. We developed a logic model and engaged in two co‐production workshops to refine this model.DiscussionUsing a realist approach, programmes need to be underpinned by both individual and systems change theories, be multi‐component, have a closer understanding of the interplay of the ‘context and mechanisms’, and co‐designed using a logic model framework.
Hyaluronidase inhibition accelerates functional recovery from stroke in the mouse brain
Authors: Katarzyna Greda Anna , Nowicka Dorota 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are presumed to limit plasticity in adult animals. Ischaemic stroke results in the massive breakdown of PNNs resulting in rejuvenating states of neuronal plasticity, but the mechanisms of this phenomenon are largely unknown. As hyaluronic acid (HA) is the structural backbone of PNNs, we hypothesized that these changes are a consequence of the altered expression of HA metabolism enzymes. Additionally, we investigated whether early hyaluronidase inhibition interferes with post‐stroke PNN reduction and behavioural recovery. We investigated the mRNA/protein expression of these enzymes in the perilesional, remote and contralateral cortical regions in mice at different time points after photothrombosis, using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. A skilled reaching test was employed to test hyaluronidase inhibitor L‐ascorbic acid 6‐hexadecanoate influence on post‐stroke recovery. We found the simultaneous up‐regulation of mRNA of HA synthesizing and degrading enzymes in the perilesional area early after stroke, suggesting an acceleration of HA turnover in ischaemic animals. Immunostaining revealed differential cellular localization of enzymes, with hyaluronidase 1 in astrocytes and hyaluronan synthase 2 in astrocytes and neurons, and post‐stroke up‐regulation of both of them in astrocytes. β‐glucuronidase was observed in neurons but post‐stroke up‐regulation occurred in microglia. Inhibition of hyaluronidase activity early after stroke resulted in improved performance in skilled reaching test, without affecting the numbers of PNNs. These results suggest that after stroke, a substantial reorganization of polysaccharide content occurs, and interfering with this process at early time has a beneficial effect on recovery.
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Trimester‐specific reference intervals of TAT, TM, tPAI‐C and PIC for healthy Chinese pregnant women
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Qiao Yan , Zhang Yinmei , Li Qingsong , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPregnancy is a hypercoagulability state, the aim of this study was to observe the changes of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombomodulin (TM), tissue plasminogen activator‐inhibitor complex (tPAI‐C) and plasmin‐α2–antiplasmin complex (PIC) during pregnancy and establish trimester‐specific reference intervals for Chinese healthy pregnant women.MethodsIn total 190 Chinese healthy pregnant women (first trimester 59 cases, second trimester 60 cases and third trimester 71 cases) were recruited in North China. TAT, TM, tPAI‐C and PIC were processed on Sysmex HISCL 5000 automated chemiluminescence immune detection system. Trimester‐specific reference intervals were established with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the distribution.ResultsThe reference intervals for TAT, TM, tPAI‐C, PIC at trimester 1 were 0.40–3.65 ng/mL, 4.85–8.80 TU/mL, 1.75–6.40 ng/mL, 0.25–1.05 μg/mL, respectively. At trimester 2, the reference intervals were 1.65–8.61 ng/mL, 5.70–9.93 TU/mL, 2.91–7.71 ng/mL, 0.33–2.02 μg/mL, respectively. At trimester 3, the reference intervals were 3.16–12.68 ng/mL, 5.50–14.24 TU/mL, 2.70–10.69 ng/mL, 0.24–1.54 μg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsThe changes of TAT, TM, tPAI‐C, PIC during pregnancy are presented, and trimester‐specific reference intervals for healthy pregnant women are described. The levels of TAT, TM, tPAI‐C were increased gradually from trimester 1 to trimester 3, while the PIC level remains stable during all trimesters.
Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs
Authors: Freid Kimberly J. , Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Davis Megan S. , Karlin Emily T. , Yang Vicky K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe United States Food and Drug Administration is investigating possible diet‐associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and cats.ObjectivesTo retrospectively review DCM cases for signalment, diet information, echocardiographic changes, and survival.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 71).MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed with DCM between January 1, 2014 and September 30, 2018 were reviewed. Dogs were grouped into “traditional” or “nontraditional” diet categories and whether or not diet was changed after diagnosis.ResultsFor dogs eating nontraditional diets, those that had their diets changed had a larger percentage decrease in normalized systolic left ventricular internal dimension (P = .03) and left atrial:aorta ratio (P < .001) compared to those that did not have their diets changed. Survival time was significantly longer for dogs with DCM eating nontraditional diets that had their diets changed (median survival, 337 days; range, 9‐1307 days) compared to dogs eating nontraditional diets that did not have their diets changed (median survival, 215 days; range, 1‐852 days; P = .002).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with DCM eating nontraditional diets can experience improvement in cardiac function after diet change but additional research is needed to examine possible associations between diet and DCM.
Meritocratic and fair? The discourse of UK and Australia's widening participation policies
Authors: Coyle Maeve , Sandover Sally , Poobalan Amudha , Bullen Jonathan , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, people with the academic and personal attributes to successfully study medicine experience disadvantages associated with sociodemographic factors. Governments have attempted to address this issue via macrolevel policies aimed at widening participation (WP) to medicine. These policies differ by country, suggesting much can be learned from examining and comparing international policy discourses of WP. Our question was: How are discourses of WP to higher and medical education positioned in the UK and Australia?MethodsA systematic search strategy was guided by five a priori themes inspired by United Nations Sustainability Goals (2015). Seventeen policy documents (UK n = 9, Australia n = 8) published between 2008 and 2018 were identified. Analysis involved two over‐arching, iterative stages: a document analysis then a Foucauldian critical discourse analysis, the latter with the aim of unveiling the power dynamics at play within policy‐related discourses.ResultsDiscourses of social mobility and individual responsibility within a meritocracy are still paramount in the UK. In contrast, the dominant discourse in Australia is social accountability in achieving equity and workforce diversity, prioritising affirmative action and community values. Similarities between the two countries in terms of WP policy and policy levers have changed over time, linked to the divergence of internal drivers for societal change. Both nations recognise tensions inherent in striving to achieve both local and global goals, but Australia appears to prioritise community values in working towards ‘nation building’ whereas in the UK the focus on individuality and meritocracy at times seems at odds with achieving parity for disadvantaged individuals.DiscussionWP policies and practices are situated and contextual so caution must be taken when extrapolating lessons from one context to another. The history of a country and the nature of marginalisation in that country must be scrutinised when trying to understand what drives WP policy.
Three‐dimensional mixed longitudinal study of facial growth changes and variability of facial form in preschool children using stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Kočandrlová Karolina , Dupej Ján , Hoffmannová Eva , Velemínská Jana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSince the normal, non‐pathological facial growth in preschool children is not sufficiently reported, the aim was to follow growth changes of facial surface, sex differences and facial variability in preschool children using 3D stereophotogrammetry.Settings and Sample PopulationMixed longitudinal sample of healthy Caucasian preschool children without head and facial trauma or craniofacial anomalies from 3.4 to 6.7 years of age consisted of 25 girls and 17 boys.Materials and Methods136 3D facial models from optical scanner Vectra 3D were evaluated by geometric morphometrics (CPC‐DCA, PCA, per‐vertex t test).ResultsIn both sexes, the lower face was widened and elongated, and the prominences of the superciliary arches, lower orbital region, nose, lips and chin increased. Facial surface increments were more even in girls with a maximum between the fourth and fifth year of age, while in boys, there was the most intensive growth between fifth and sixth year of age. Sexual dimorphism was very stable during investigated period, only less statistically significant at the age of 3 years. Boys had more prominent lateral lower part of forehead, nose and lips than girls in every age category.ConclusionsThe longitudinal growth of the face between third and sixth year of age was similar in both sexes, facial sex differences were found in terms of intensity, size and timing. Variability of facial form showed that boys' faces were larger on average and facial shape did not differ. The knowledge of facial growth is essential for diagnostics and clinical practice.
The use of Lean Methodology to reduce personal protective equipment wastage in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sheehan John Robert , Lyons Barry , Holt Francesca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has compounded many existing healthcare delivery challenges including long waiting lists and cost containment. New challenges have arisen, such as demand on supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the implications of social distancing on staff, patients, and their families. Despite the pandemic, the need to deliver safe, urgent congenital cardiac surgery has remained.ObjectiveTo demonstrate how Lean methodology can improve PPE supply chain demand and reduce staff exposure to children with unknown SARS‐CoV‐2 status undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe implemented the define, measure, analyze, improve, and control method (DMAIC) and Value Stream Maps to eliminate waste steps during testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 for children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.ResultsFollowing a 3‐week period of implementation of this new value stream map, we reduced PPE set usage from 13 to 1 per patient, resulting in an annual saving of over €36,000 and reducing single‐use plastic waste by nearly 70 000 pieces per annum. We reduced numbers of staff exposed to patients with an unknown SARS‐CoV‐2 status from 13 to 1.ConclusionThe use of Lean methodology can reduce waste of PPE and plastic, resulting in cost savings, while reducing staff exposure when testing patients with congenital cardiac disease for SARS‐CoV‐2. By preventing admission of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients, we can reduce use of isolation beds and prevent cancellation of surgery, improving patient flow and departmental efficiency. Other departments in our institution are implementing similar admission pathways to allow surgical services to restart during the ongoing pandemic.
Survival after heart transplantation for Chagas cardiomyopathy using a conventional protocol: A 10‐year experience in a single center
Authors: Echeverría Luis E. , Figueredo Antonio , Rodriguez María J. , Salazar Leonardo , Pizarro Camilo , Morillo Carlos A. , Rojas Lyda Z. , Gómez‐Ochoa Sergio A. , Castillo Victor R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplant (HT) remains the most frequently indicated therapy for patients with end‐stage heart failure that improves prognosis in Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM). However, the lack of benznidazole therapy and availability of RT‐PCR follow‐up in many centers is a major limitation to perform this life‐saving intervention, as there are concerns related with the risk of reactivation. We aimed to describe the outcomes of a cohort of patients with CCM who underwent HT using a conventional protocol with mycophenolate mofetil, without benznidazole prophylaxis or RT‐PCR follow‐up.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Between 2008 and 2018, 43 patients with CCM underwent HT. A descriptive analysis to characterize outcomes as rejection, infectious and neoplastic complications and a survival analysis was carried out.ResultsMedian of follow‐up was 4.3 (IR 4.28) years. Survival at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years was 95%, 85%, and 75%, respectively, infections being the main cause of death (60%). Reactivations occurred in only three patients (7.34%) and were not related to mortality.ConclusionThis cohort showed a favorable survival and a low reactivation rate without an impact on mortality. Our results suggest that performing HT in patients with CCM following conventional guidelines and recommendations for other etiologies is a safe approach.
Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Li Ning , Liu Xin , Wang Jiajing , Zhang Yaxian , Liu Dong , Wang Yuqing , Cao Haipeng , Zhao Baimei , Yang Wencai 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYBacterial spot, which is caused by several Xanthomonas species, is an economically important disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Great efforts have been made for the identification of resistant sources and the genetic analysis of resistance. However, the development of resistant commercial varieties is slow due to the existence of multiple species of the pathogen and a poor understanding of the resistance mechanism in tomato. The current study revealed that the Rx4 gene encodes a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat protein in the wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium and specifically recognizes and confers a hypersensitive response (HR) to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3 expressing the AvrXv3 avirulence protein. Complementation of the Rx4 gene in the susceptible tomato line Ohio 88119 using a transgenic approach resulted in HR, whereas knockout of the gene through CRISPR/Cas9 editing in resistant lines Hawaii 7981 and PI 128216 led to non‐HR to race T3. Transcription of Rx4 was not induced by the presence of race T3. Furthermore, the Rx4 protein did not show physical interaction with AvrXv3 but interacted with SGT1‐1 and RAR1. Virus‐induced gene silencing of SGT1‐1 and RAR1 in the resistant line PI128216 suppressed the HR to race T3. Taken together, our study confirms Rx4 is the gene conferring the HR to bacterial spot race T3 and reveals the potential roles of SGT1‐1 and RAR1 as signals in the Rx4‐mediated HR. This discovery represents a step forward in our understanding of the mechanism of resistance to bacterial spot in tomato and may have important implications for understanding plant–bacterial interactions.