bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells: implications for plexiform arteriopathy
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Predescu Dan N. , Patel Monal , Drazkowski Patrick , Ganesh Balaji , Predescu Sanda A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The sex-biased disease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the proliferation and overgrowth of dysfunctional pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). During inflammation associated with PAH, granzyme B cleaves intersectin-1 to produce N-terminal (EHITSN) and C-terminal (SH3A–EITSN) protein fragments. In a murine model of PAH, EHITSN triggers plexiform arteriopathy via p38–ELK1–c-Fos signaling. The SH3A–EITSN fragment also influences signaling, having dominant-negative effects on ERK1 and ERK2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively). Using PAECs engineered to express tagged versions of EHITSN and SH3A–EITSN, we demonstrate that the two ITSN fragments increase both p38–ELK1 activation and the ratio of p38 to ERK1 and ERK2 activity, leading to PAEC proliferation, with female cells being more responsive than male cells. Furthermore, expression of EHITSN substantially upregulates the expression and activity of the long non-coding RNA Xist in female PAECs, which in turn upregulates the X-linked gene ELK1 and represses expression of krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). These events are recapitulated by the PAECs of female idiopathic PAH patients, and may account for their proliferative phenotype. Thus, upregulation of Xist could be an important factor in explaining sexual dimorphism in the proliferative response of PAECs and the imbalanced sex ratio of PAH.
Drosophila Sas-6, Ana2 and Sas-4 self-organise into macromolecular structures that can be used to probe centriole and centrosome assembly
Authors: Gartenmann Lisa , Vicente Catarina C. , Wainman Alan , Novak Zsofi A. , Sieber Boris , Richens Jennifer H. , Raff Jordan W. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Centriole assembly requires a small number of conserved proteins. The precise pathway of centriole assembly has been difficult to study, as the lack of any one of the core assembly proteins [Plk4, Ana2 (the homologue of mammalian STIL), Sas-6, Sas-4 (mammalian CPAP) or Asl (mammalian Cep152)] leads to the absence of centrioles. Here, we use Sas-6 and Ana2 particles (SAPs) as a new model to probe the pathway of centriole and centrosome assembly. SAPs form in Drosophila eggs or embryos when Sas-6 and Ana2 are overexpressed. SAP assembly requires Sas-4, but not Plk4, whereas Asl helps to initiate SAP assembly but is not required for SAP growth. Although not centrioles, SAPs recruit and organise many centriole and centrosome components, nucleate microtubules, organise actin structures and compete with endogenous centrosomes to form mitotic spindle poles. SAPs require Asl to efficiently recruit pericentriolar material (PCM), but Spd-2 (the homologue of mammalian Cep192) can promote some PCM assembly independently of Asl. These observations provide new insights into the pathways of centriole and centrosome assembly.
TDP-43, a protein central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is destabilized by tankyrase-1 and -2
Authors: McGurk Leeanne , Rifai Olivia M. , Bonini Nancy M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In &gt;95% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ∼45% of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), the RNA/DNA-binding protein TDP-43 is cleared from the nucleus and abnormally accumulates in the cytoplasm of affected brain cells. Although the cellular triggers of disease pathology remain enigmatic, mounting evidence implicates the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in TDP-43 neurotoxicity. Here we show that inhibition of the PARP enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 (referred to as Tnks-1/2) protect primary rodent neurons from TDP-43-associated neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that Tnks-1/2 interacts with TDP-43 via a newly defined tankyrase-binding domain. Upon investigating the functional effect, we find that interaction with Tnks-1/2 inhibits the ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover of TDP-43, leading to its stabilization. We further show that proteasomal turnover of TDP-43 occurs preferentially in the nucleus; our data indicate that Tnks-1/2 stabilizes TDP-43 by promoting cytoplasmic accumulation, which sequesters the protein from nuclear proteasome degradation. Thus, Tnks-1/2 activity modulates TDP-43 and is a potential therapeutic target in diseases associated with TDP-43, such as ALS and FTD.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Spontaneous quantity discrimination of artificial flowers by foraging honeybees
Authors: Howard Scarlett R. , Schramme Jürgen , Garcia Jair E. , Ng Leslie , Avarguès-Weber Aurore , Greentree Andrew D. , Dyer Adrian G. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTMany animals need to process numerical and quantity information in order to survive. Spontaneous quantity discrimination allows differentiation between two or more quantities without reinforcement or prior training on any numerical task. It is useful for assessing food resources, aggressive interactions, predator avoidance and prey choice. Honeybees have previously demonstrated landmark counting, quantity matching, use of numerical rules, quantity discrimination and arithmetic, but have not been tested for spontaneous quantity discrimination. In bees, spontaneous quantity discrimination could be useful when assessing the quantity of flowers available in a patch and thus maximizing foraging efficiency. In the current study, we assessed the spontaneous quantity discrimination behaviour of honeybees. Bees were trained to associate a single yellow artificial flower with sucrose. Bees were then tested for their ability to discriminate between 13 different quantity comparisons of artificial flowers (numeric ratio range: 0.08–0.8). Bees significantly preferred the higher quantity only in comparisons where ‘1’ was the lower quantity and where there was a sufficient magnitudinal distance between quantities (e.g. 1 versus 12, 1 versus 4, and 1 versus 3 but not 1 versus 2). Our results suggest a possible evolutionary benefit to choosing a foraging patch with a higher quantity of flowers when resources are scarce.
Determinants of prenatal depression among women attending the antenatal clinic at a referral facility in Mombasa County, Kenya: a case control study
Authors: Mirieri Harriet K. , Mweu Marshal M. , Olenja Joyce M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite prenatal depression being a public health burden and the major predictor of postnatal depression, it has not received as much attention as postnatal depression in research and policy globally. There is limited evidence on the factors associated with prenatal depression and therefore understanding these factors will inform the design of specific interventions and formulation of guidelines for the effective prevention and control of prenatal depression particularly in high-risk regions. Methods: A hospital-based case control study design was used to identify the determinants of prenatal depression among 170 women attending an antenatal clinic. Prenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on the socio-demographic, social network and family, lifestyle and obstetric characteristics of the participants. All eligible cases were enrolled into the study while a simple random sample of depression-free women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled as controls. The relationship between the predictors and prenatal depression was evaluated by logistic regression. Results: In the multivariable analysis, only marital status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=17.1; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.0-73.0), occupation (aOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.4-4.2), domestic violence (aOR=18.3; 95% CI: 5.7-58.7) and social support (aOR=0.2; 95% CI:0.05-0.8) were identified as significant determinants of prenatal depression. Conclusion: Marital status, occupation, domestic violence and lack of social support were identified as the risk factors for prenatal depression in this setting. To address the burden of prenatal depression in the country, these findings call for inclusion of screening for prenatal depression as an essential component of the routine antenatal care package. We recommend that future studies focus on evaluating specific interventions to address the identified risk factors.
COVID-19 in pregnancy: What do we really know?
Authors: Bouaziz Jerome , Even Marc , Isnard-Bogillot Frederique , Vesale Eli , Nikpayam Mariam , Mihalache Andrei , Krief David , Frydman Rene , Ayoubi Jean-March 
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to escalate worldwide and has become a pressing global health concern. This article comprehensively reviews the current knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 over pregnant women and neonates, as well as current recommendations for their management. We also analyse previous evidences from viral respiratory diseases such as SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and influenza that may help to guide clinical practice during the current pandemic. We collected 23 case reports, case series, and case-control studies (18 from China) comprising 174 pregnant women with COVID-19. The majority of mothers showed a clinical presentation of the disease similar to that of non-infected adults. Preliminary evidences point towards a potentially increased risk of pregnancy adverse outcomes in women with COVID-19, with preterm delivery the most frequently observed (16.7%) followed by fetal distress (9.77%). The most commonly reported adverse neonatal outcomes included respiratory symptoms (7.95%) and low birth weight (6.81%). A few studies reported other maternal comorbidities that can influence these outcomes. Mothers with other comorbidities may be at higher risk of infection. Mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appears unlikely, with no study observing intrauterine transmission, and a few cases of neonatal infection reported a few hours after birth. Although the WHO and other health authorities have published interim recommendations for care and management of pregnant women and infants during COVID-19 pandemic, many questions remain open. Pregnant women should be considered in prevention and control efforts, including the development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is needed to confirm the exact impact of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. To fully quantify this impact, we urgently need to integrate the current knowledge about viral characteristics, epidemiology, disease immunopathology, and potential therapeutic strategies with data from the clinical practice.
On the Financing Benefits of Supply Chain Transparency and Blockchain Adoption
Authors: Chod Jiri , Trichakis Nikolaos , Tsoukalas Gerry , Aspegren Henry , Weber Mark 
Published: May 2020

We develop a theory that shows signaling a firm’s fundamental quality (e.g., its operational capabilities) to lenders through inventory transactions to be more efficient—it leads to less costly operational distortions—than signaling through loan requests, and we characterize how the efficiency gains depend on firm operational characteristics, such as operating costs, market size, and inventory salvage value. Signaling through inventory being only tenable when inventory transactions are verifiable at low enough cost, we then turn our attention to how this verifiability can be achieved in practice and argue that blockchain technology could enable it more efficiently than traditional monitoring mechanisms. To demonstrate, we develop b_verify, an open-source blockchain protocol that leverages Bitcoin to provide supply chain transparency at scale and in a cost-effective way. The paper identifies an important benefit of blockchain adoption—by opening a window of transparency into a firm’s supply chain, blockchain technology furnishes the ability to secure favorable financing terms at lower signaling costs. Furthermore, the analysis of the preferred signaling mode sheds light on what types of firms or supply chains would stand to benefit the most from this use of blockchain technology. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
Time Encoding in Languages and Investment Efficiency
Authors: Kim Jaehyeon , Kim Yongtae , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2020

Linguistics research shows that languages differ as to how they differentiate future from present events. Economics research finds that when the grammatical structure of a language disassociates the future from the present, speakers of the language also disassociate the future from the present in their behaviors. This study examines how linguistically induced time perception relates to cross-country variation in investment efficiency. We find that underinvestment is less prevalent in countries where there is a weaker time disassociation in the language. The results from both a within-country analysis based on firms headquartered in different regions of Switzerland and an analysis based on the birthplace information of U.S. firms’ chief executive officers confirm the relation between languages and investment efficiency. Collectively, the results suggest that time encoding in languages influences speakers’ cognition and their investment decisions. This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting.
Terrorist Attacks, Analyst Sentiment, and Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Cuculiza Carina , Antoniou Constantinos , Kumar Alok , Maligkris Anastasios 
Published: May 2020

We examine whether exogenous and extremely negative events, such as terrorist attacks and mass shootings, influence the sentiment and forecasts of sell-side equity analysts. We find that analysts who are local to these attacks issue forecasts that are relatively more pessimistic than the consensus forecast. This effect is stronger when the analyst is closer to the event and located in a low-crime region. Impacted analysts are also relatively more pessimistic around the one- and two-year anniversaries of the attacks. Collectively, these findings indicate that exposure to extreme negative events affects the behavior of information intermediaries and the information dissemination process in financial markets.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Improving oral care for hospitalised patients: choosing appropriate products
Authors: Woon Caroline 
Published: May 2020

Background:Oral care is a fundamental part of nursing but it is often performed as a routine task, often based on historic practice, and lacks an evidence base. A variety of oral care products are used in practice.Aim:To discover evidence of effective oral care products for use in hospitalised patients.Design:A systematic literature review was undertaken.Methods:A review of articles was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Database and Google Scholar between 2007 and 2019. All articles were compared and contrasted and some excluded due to the quality of the evidence.Discussion:The literature review identified a number of oral care problems and investigated a range of products.Results:The main finding was that there is a need for a definitive, evidence-based oral care guideline on the products suitable for different oral care conditions, including dysphagia, xerostomia, mucositis, and for patients wearing dentures.
The meaning of hope for individuals with spinal cord injury in Brazil
Authors: Zuchetto Milena Amorim , Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Lima Daniella Karine Souza , Neves da Silva Bampi Luciana , Ross Cristine Moraes 
Published: May 2020

Aim: To understand the meaning of hope among individuals with spinal cord injury. Design: A qualitative study employing the ethnographic method was used, with 18 individuals. Method: Participant observation was chosen to understand individuals with spinal cord injury and interviews were used to elicit information about the hope experience. The data were analysed using Ernst Bloch's theory of hope. Findings: Participants constructed their own personality and sense of self, including their hopes for their future, based on their life before their injury. Life after experiencing spinal cord injury highlighted the limitations and potentialities of their hopes. Using a sense of hope to establish goals for the future helped participants overcome obstacles. Conclusion: Hope in people with spinal cord injury helped them cope with the fundamental changes to their daily lives. Hope played an important role in articulating coping strategies and setting and achieving goals. These findings may help nurses understand the limits and potentialities of hope as an instigator of goals in the daily life of individuals with spinal cord injury.
Short-term urinary catheters and their risks: an integrated systematic review
Authors: Gyesi-Appiah Evelyn , Brown Jayne , Clifton Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Background: This thematic review was part of a bigger literature review into the effects of short-term urinary catheters on patients who are discharged home from an acute hospital. Aims: This integrated review examined the risks associated with short-term urinary catheters. Methods: The MEDLINE, British Nursing Index and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between 2013 and 2018 that researched the effects of short-term urinary catheters on patients. Findings: Twelve research studies were included, which showed the presence of short-term indwelling urinary catheters increased the risk of infection, length of hospital stay and mortality rates. Conclusion: Short-term urinary catheters should be strictly monitored and removed as soon as they are not required.
Primary School Teacher Candidates’ Views of Citizenship and Ideal Citizenship
Authors: Ontas Turgay , Koc Emine Seda 
Published: May 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">Citizenship is an act of being the ideal member of a society that “maintains and adapts to the culture of this society”, besides having a legal status with the duties and rights that the state imposes on the individual. This study aims to determine the citizenship perceptions of primary school teacher candidates and their ideal citizenship narratives. The study was carried out according to the mixed research design. Three different measurement tools were used in the research and content analysis method was used for the analysis of data. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that teacher candidates' perceptions of citizenship and ideal citizenship are similar. Accordingly, it was determined that they participated in the items related to traditional citizenship in the scales, and their perceptions of active/social citizenship were relatively low. It was also determined that all of the teacher candidates mentioned the courses they took during the university process in the differentiation of their ideal citizenship perceptions, and the ideal citizenship narratives were built on traditional citizenship as well as the perceptions of citizenship of the pre-service teachers.</p>
Enhancement of laser-focused intensity greater than 10 times through a re-entrant cone in the petawatt regime
Authors: Budriga O. , Ionel L. E. , Tatomirescu D. , Tanaka K. A. 
Published: May 2020

A versatile method to enhance the laser pulse intensity by one order of magnitude from

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using a single plastic micro-cone target is proposed in this Letter. We found an increase of the initial laser pulse intensity by more than 10 times for a micro-cone tip diameter of 5 µm upon performing two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Numerical simulations of the spatio-temporal electromagnetic field distribution are used to replicate similar dependence of the maximum laser intensity to the cone tip diameter.
Расселение мигрантов в глобальных городах и его детерминанты: Париж, Сингапур, Сидней и Москва в сравнении. Часть II
Authors: Варшавер Евгений Александрович , Рочева Анна Леонидовна , Андреева Альбина Сергеевна , Иванова Наталия Сергеевна 
Published: May 2020

Приводятся результаты сравнительного анализа характеристик расселения этнических мигрантов и их детерминант в глобальных городах (Париж, Сингапур, Сидней и Москва). Статья написана на основании релевантной литературы, а также полевой работы в указанных городах, включавшей экспертные интервью со специалистами по урбанистике и интеграции мигрантов, наблюдения, глубинные и экспресс-интервью в городском пространстве, в частности в местах резидентной концентрации иноэтничных мигрантов (этномиграционных анклавах). Основной результат — теоретическая схема, описывающая главные детерминанты расселения мигрантов в разных контекстах. Среди основных факторов, объясняющих расселение мигрантов в глобальных городах, — социально-экономические параметры принимающего общества, характеристики миграционной политики, миграционных потоков, вертикальной социальной мобильности мигрантов и их детей, социальная структура пространства, локальная конструкция этничности, государственная и городская резидентная политика, а также резидентный выбор мигрантов и немигрантов. Для каждого случая набор факторов, объясняющий характеристики расселения мигрантов, различается. В статье приводятся детальные описания городов-случаев и показывается релевантный для них набор факторов. Статья разделена на две части, первая из которых опубликована в № 6 за 2019 год, вторая — в № 2 за 2020 год.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект РНФ № 18-78-10086) «Анализ механизмов формирования этномиграционных анклавов в российских городах».
Частота самоубийств и продолжительность рабочего времени в России
Authors: Коротков Петр Анатольевич , Трубянов Алексей Борисович , Загайнова Екатерина Андреевна 
Published: May 2020

Исследуется влияние продолжительности рабочего времени работающих по найму на частоту самоубийств на основе панельных данных по субъектам Российской Федерации за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Гипотеза о существовании параболической (U-образной) связи между частотой самоубийств и продолжительностью рабочего времени работающих по найму статистически подтверждается. С ростом средней фактической продолжительности рабочей недели частота самоубийств снижается, достигая минимума при некотором оптимальном значении рабочего времени, а затем растет. Впервые установлено, что в России с учетом скрытых социально-экономических факторов (безработица, уровень благосостояния и др.) оптимальное значение средней фактической продолжительности рабочей недели для работающих по найму составляет 37,99 часов; для работающих по найму мужчин — 40,55 часов; для работающих по найму женщин — 35,69 часов. Оптимальное значение средней фактической продолжительности рабочей недели в России (37,99 часов) близко к европейскому оптимуму (38,72 часа), установленному авторами ранее. Это позволяет сделать вывод об универсальности статистической зависимости частоты самоубийств от продолжительности рабочего времени (по крайней мере в странах с относительно стабильной общественной ситуацией) и открывает возможности по управлению фондом времени в направлении оптимума продолжительности рабочей недели для снижения частоты самоубийств под влиянием повседневности до минимума.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-010-00830.