bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of ombrotrophic peats by humeomics
Authors: Vinci Giovanni , Mazzei Pierluigi , Drosos Marios , Zaccone Claudio , Piccolo Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
An insight into the molecular composition of ombrotrophic peats of different geographical origin and collected at different depths was achieved by the humeomics method. The humeomic fractionation allowed the separation of molecular components in either organic solvents or water on the basis of their progressive binding strength to the humic matrix. The solubilized matter in fractions was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, while the residues depleted of the extracted material were observed by 13C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-CPMAS-NMR) spectroscopy.

Results
The analytical characterization of fractions and residues differentiated peats not only on the basis of the different classes of extracted molecules, but also on their binding strength to the complex peat matrix. Aromatic, lipidic, and sugar compounds were the most representative molecular classes extracted in the humeomic fractions and their abundance varied with depth. The distribution and abundance of extracted compounds provided an indication of the extent of organic matter accumulation in peat. The NMR spectra of solid residues supported the interpretation of the characteristics of the various extracts.

Conclusions
Our findings proved that the humeomic approach allows to provide important information on both the molecular composition of peats and its variation with depth.
Tumor suppressive function of Matrin 3 in the basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Yang Jaehyuk , Lee Seung Jun , Kwon Yongseok , Ma Li , Kim Jongchan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic subtype of human breast cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential tumor-suppressive function of MATR3, an abundant nuclear protein, in BLBC/TNBC, whose cancer-relevance has not been characterized.

Methods
We analyzed in vitro tumorigenecity by cell proliferation and soft agar colony formation assays, apoptotic cell death by flow cytometry and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by checking specific EMT markers with real-time quantitative PCR and in vitro migration and invasion by Boyden Chamber assays. To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which MATR3 functions as a tumor suppressor, we performed Tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) and pathway analysis. We also scrutinized MATR3 expression levels in the different subtypes of human breast cancer and the correlation between MATR3 expression and patient survival by bioinformatic analyses of publicly available transcriptome datasets.

Results
MATR3 suppressed in vitro tumorigenecity, promoted apoptotic cell death and inhibited EMT, migration, and invasion in BLBC/TNBC cells. Various proteins regulating apoptosis were identified as MATR3-binding proteins, and YAP/TAZ pathway was suppressed by MATR3. MATR3 expression was inversely correlated with the aggressive and metastatic nature of breast cancer. Moreover, high expression levels of MATR3 were associated with a good prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that MATR3 functions as a putative tumor suppressor in BLBC/TNBC cells. Also, MATR3 potentially plays a role as a biomarker in predicting chemotherapy-sensitivity and patient survival in breast cancer patients.
Digital atmosphere of fashion retail stores
Authors: Kim Ha Youn , Lee Yuri , Cho Erin , Jung Yeo Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study sheds light on a prominent issue in retailing: how the digital atmosphere can affect the consumer decision-making process in a fashion retail store. Digital devices and services such as digital screens and digital signage are widely employed in fashion retail stores, transforming the way consumers make decisions about purchasing fashion products. This research investigates how the digital atmosphere affects consumers’ purchase behavior patterns based on the attention-interest-desire-search-action-share (AIDSAS) model. The findings show that attention is a key antecedent to interest, desire, and behavioral responses (search, action, and share) triggered by the digital atmosphere. The findings further suggest that attention has significantly positive effects on consumers’ purchasing patterns of utilizing the digital atmosphere in two types of fashion retail stores: sports and luxury stores. However, we find that these positive effects are more pronounced for sports retail stores than luxury retail stores. This research contributes to understanding consumer behavior related to the digital atmosphere of fashion retail stores by applying the AIDSAS model and helps uncover the stepwise relationships between attention to the store atmosphere-interest/desire and the products-behavior response. These findings have practical implications that can be applied in the fashion industry.
Post-esophageal atresia repair double acquired tracheoesophageal fistulas treated successfully by gastric transposition: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Nobuhiro , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Mori Teizaburo , Abe Kiyotomo , Yamada Yohei , Koinuma Goro , Kuroda Tatsuo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Postoperative recurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a frequent complication in the repair of esophageal atresia (EA). Based on the recent etiologic classification, a TEF that develops in a different new pathway from the original one is categorized as an acquired TEF. The TEFs that fall into this category have been reported to be refractory and their mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we report the complicated case of an acquired TEF derived from mediastinitis after the original TEF repair developed an anastomotic stricture. The TEF contained double fistulas, both towards the right lobe bronchi, and was repaired by gastric transposition through a retrosternal route.

Case presentation
The patient was diagnosed with Gross C esophageal atresia after birth and underwent tracheoesophageal fistula banding during the neonatal period. He experienced an intractable anastomotic stenosis after surgery which was treated with repeated balloon dilation therapy. By the age of 11 months, he developed a mediastinal abscess that improved with conservative treatment. At 18 months old, a fistula from the esophagus to the right superior lobe bronchus was identified. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy to resect the fistula. However, at 21 months old, another fistula to the right lower lobe was revealed. An esophageal banding was done to relieve the respiratory symptoms. This was followed by esophagectomy and gastric transposition through the retrosternal route at 26 months old. The patient started rehabilitation and oral intake gradually after surgery. By 3 years after gastric transposition, he could already take blended food orally with the support of small amounts of enteral feeding.

Conclusion
Cases of TEF derived from severe inflammation have the potential to form a complicated network and lead to recurrence. Surgeons should consider the possibility of multiple tiny fistulas in cases of severe acquired TEF. These may be repaired successfully by gastric transposition through the retrosternal route.
Behavioral problems and their relationship to maternal depression, marital relationships, social skills and parenting
Authors: Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini , Loureiro Sonia Regina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBehavioral problems have been associated with multiple variables; however, studies simultaneously investigating parenting practices, marital relationships in bi-parental families, maternal depression, and child behavior remain a gap in the literature. The objective was to verify associations between positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, social skills, and behavioral problems among children from bi-parental families with and those without maternal depression; to identify the predictive effect of positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, children’s social skills, and maternal depression, for internalizing, externalizing behavior problems and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. A case-control study with a cross-sectional design was adopted to ensure the groups were homogeneous in regard to the children’s, mothers’, and families’ sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 35 mothers currently with depression and 35 without depression indicators participated in the study, while the children were 25 preschoolers and 23 school-aged children. The mothers responded to instruments addressing depression, child behavior, parenting practices, and marital relationships. The results reveal maternal depression associated with marital relationships, positive parenting, and context variables. Maternal depression and marital relationship were found to influence externalizing problems; maternal depression, child-rearing practices, marital relationships, and the children’s behavioral repertoires influence internalizing and externalizing comorbidities; and none of the independent variables influenced the occurrence of internalizing problems.
Material flow analysis and life cycle assessment of solid waste management in urban green areas, Thailand
Authors: Thushari Indika , Vicheanteab Juckrit , Janjaroen Dao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents solid waste management planning in an urban green area, Bangkok, Thailand based on the material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). Global warming potential (GWP) of four scenarios for handling solid waste generated in Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, 2018 was assessed concerning the different ratios of waste recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. The results show that alternative systems proposed will result in lower GWP than the existing waste management strategy. The MFA results reveal that the final weights of solid waste ending up in a landfill are 98.8, 101.9, 68.2, and 44.8 t yr− 1 for scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Increased rates of landfill diversion by increased recycling, composting, and incineration decreased the quantity of solid waste disposed to the landfill and improved the environmental profile of the park waste management system. The LCA results found landfilling to be the dominant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) burdens, while waste recycling was found to result in the reduction of GHG. The results highlight that the use of MFA and LCA as a combined tool to evaluate the environmental performance of solid waste management systems provides valuable information for policy and decision-makers.
Diaphragmatic ultrasound and pulmonary functions evaluation in thyroid patients: a case-control study
Authors: Eltrawy Heba H. , Ahmad Inass Hassan , Elhussieny Fatma Mohamed , Nassib Sherief Abdullah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Dyspnea is a frequent symptom among patients with thyroid disorders. However, its actual causative mechanism is not clear. The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle and contraction of the diaphragm is essential for breathing, so any disorder that interferes with contractile muscle function can cause diaphragm dysfunction which is associated with dyspnea. The objective of study is to assess the effect of thyroid disorders on diaphragm excursion and thickness.

Results
Diaphragmatic excursion during tidal, deep, and sniff respiration were significantly decreased in patients with thyroid disorder in comparison to control and significantly decreased in hypothyroid patients (right tidal 1.42 ± 0.29, right deep respiration 5.07 ± 0.72, and sniff 2.15 ± 0.26 cm) than hyperthyroid patients (right tidal 1.61 ± 0.34, right deep respiration 5.63 ± 0.50, and sniff 2.67 ± 0.27 cm) and than the control group (right tidal 2.17 ± 0.27, right deep respiration 6.63 ± 0.33, right sniff 2.89 ± 0.19 cm). Diaphragmatic thickness at end tidal inspiration was significantly decreased in patients with thyroid disorder in comparison to control (p value < 0.05). There was negative correlation between diaphragmatic excursion and duration of disease.

Conclusion
Diaphragmatic excursion and thickness are affected in hypothyroidism compared to hyperthyroidism and control groups. There is significant negative correlation between diaphragmatic excursion and duration of disease in patients’ group. Respiratory symptoms are more frequent in hypothyroid patients.
Atorvastatin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Approach for Dermal Delivery and an Anti-inflammatory Agent
Authors: Shahraeini Seyed Sadegh , Akbari Jafar , Saeedi Majid , Morteza-Semnani Katayoun , Abootorabi Shidrokh , Dehghanpoor Milad , Rostamkalaei Seyyed Sohrab , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the current research, the main focus was to overcome dermal delivery problems of atorvastatin. To this end, atorvastatin solid lipid nanoparticles (ATR-SLNs) were prepared by ultra-sonication technique. The prepared SLNs had a PDI value of ≤ 0.5, and the particle size of nanoparticles was in the range 71.07 ± 1.72 to 202.07 ± 8.40 nm. It was noticed that, when the concentration of lipid in ATR-SLNs increased, the size of nanoparticles and drug entrapment efficiency were also increased. Results showed that a reduction in the HLB of surfactants used in the preparation of SLN caused an increase in the particle size, zeta potential (better stability), and drug entrapment efficiency. Despite Tween and Span are non-ionic surfactants, SLNs containing these surfactants showed a negative zeta potential, and the absolute zeta potential increased when the concentration of Span 80 was at maximum. DSC thermograms, FTIR spectra, and x-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern showed good incorporation of ATR in the nanoparticles without any chemical interaction. In vitro skin permeation results showed that SLN containing atorvastatin was capable of enhancing the dermal delivery of atorvastatin where a higher concentration of atorvastatin can be detected in skin layers. This is a hopeful promise which could be developed for clinical studies of the dermal delivery of atorvastatin nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Trends in Treatment of Active, Moderate-to-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States
Authors: Wang Yao , Sharma Anu , Padnick-Silver Lissa , Francis-Sedlak Megan , Holt Robert J , Foley Colleen , Massry Guy , Douglas Raymond S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Limited data exist on US referral/management patterns for moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED), a disabling condition.

Methods
US ophthalmologists and endocrinologists experienced in treating TED provided medical record data of moderate-to-severe TED patients and information on referral/treatment practices. Data on signs/symptoms, medical/surgical treatments, treatment response, and referral history were collected. Moderate and severe cases were stratified to interrogate treatment/practice differences.

Results
A total of 181 physicians provided data on 714 patients (49.4 ± 13.6 years old, 65% women, 14% severe disease). Reporting physicians diagnosed 55% of patients themselves and solely managed 37% of cases, with similar referral/comanagement patterns between moderate and severe cases. Topical therapies included lubricating (79%) and glucocorticoid (39%) eye drops. Systemic therapies included oral glucocorticoids (36%), IV glucocorticoids (15%), and rituximab and/or tocilizumab (12%). Few patients underwent orbital radiation (4%) or surgical intervention (4%). IV glucocorticoids (33% vs. 12%), biologics (26% vs. 10%), orbital radiation (11% vs. 3%), and ocular surgery (12% vs. 3%) were used more often in severe versus moderate cases (all P &lt; 0.001). However, severe disease was less responsive to therapy (very responsive to therapy: 28% vs. 49%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Participating physicians were primarily responsible for just over one-half of TED diagnoses, but solely treated &lt;40% of patients. Severe TED was treated more often with surgery and systemic immunologic therapies than moderate disease, but was less likely to respond to treatment. These results reinforce that moderate-to-severe TED is difficult to treat with an unmet medical need in the United States.
Adding contrast-enhanced ultrasound markers to conventional axillary ultrasound improves specificity for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Du Li-Wen , Liu Hong-Li , Gong Hai-Yan , Ling Li-Jun , Wang Shui , Li Cui-ying , Zong Min 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with conventional ultrasound of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in predicting metastatic ALNs in patients with breast cancer.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 259 patients with breast cancer who underwent conventional ultrasound and CEUS. The parameters and patterns evaluated on conventional ultrasound included short axis diameter (S), long axis/short axis (L/S) ratio, cortical thickness, resistive index (RI), lymph node (LN) morphology of greyscale ultrasound, hilum and vascular pattern. Meanwhile, enhancement pattern, wash-in time, time to peak (TP), maximum signal intensity, and duration of contrast enhancement were evaluated on CEUS. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors of ALN status. Three models (conventional ultrasound, CEUS, and combined parameters) were established. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the accuracy of the three predictive models.

Results:
On conventional axillary ultrasound, LN morphology and vascular pattern were independent factors in predicting metastatic ALNs. On CEUS, maximum signal intensity, duration of contrast enhancement, and TP were independent factors in predicting metastatic ALNs. When combining conventional ultrasound and CEUS features, five independent factors obtained from the conventional ultrasound and CEUS were associated with ALN status. ROC curve analysis showed that the use of CEUS markers combined with conventional ultrasound features (AUC = 0.965) was superior to the use of CEUS markers (AUC = 0.936) and conventional ultrasound features alone (AUC = 0.851).

Conclusion:
Combining conventional ultrasound and CEUS features can enable discrimination of ALN status better than the use of CEUS and conventional ultrasound features alone.

Advances in knowledge:
The axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients impacts the treatment decision. Our ultrasonic data demonstrated that CEUS features of ALNs in breast cancer patients could be image markers for predicting ALN status. Combining conventional ultrasound and CEUS features of ALNs can improve specificity discrimination of ALN status better than the use of CEUS and the conventional ultrasound features alone, which will help the treatment planning optimization.
Generating and capitalizing on the demographic dividend potential in sub-Saharan Africa: a conceptual framework from a systematic literature review
Authors: Cardona Carolina , Rusatira Jean Christophe , Cheng Xiaomeng , Silberg Claire , Salas Ian , Li Qingfeng , Bishai David , Rimon Jose G. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Africa will double its population by 2050 and more than half will be below age 25. The continent has a unique opportunity to boost its socioeconomic welfare. This systematic literature review aims to develop a conceptual framework that identifies policies and programs that have provided a favorable environment for generating and harnessing a demographic dividend. This framework can facilitate sub-Saharan African countries’ understanding of needed actions to accelerate their demographic transition and capitalize on their demographic dividend potential. Methods: The search strategy was structured around three concepts: economic development, fertility, and sub-Saharan Africa. Databases used included PubMed and EconLit. An inductive approach was employed to expand the reference base further. Data were extracted using literature records following a checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review suggested in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. Results: The final review consisted of 78 peer-reviewed articles, ten reports from the gray literature, and one book. Data were categorized according to relevant demographic dividend typology: pre-dividend and early-dividend. The results from the literature review were synthesized into a framework consisting of five sectors for pre-dividend countries, namely 1) Governance and Economic Institutions, 2) Family Planning, 3) Maternal and Child Health, 4) Education, and 5) Women's Empowerment. An additional sector, 6) Labor Market, is added for early-dividend countries. These sectors must work together to attain a demographic dividend. Conclusions: A country's demographic transition stage must guide policy and programs. Most sub-Saharan African countries have prioritized job creation and employment for youth, yet their efforts to secure a productive labor market require preliminary and complementary investments in governance, family planning, maternal and child health, education, and women’s empowerment. Creating a favorable policy environment for generating and capitalizing on a demographic dividend can support their stated goals for development.
On the reliability of errors-in-variables models
Authors: Schaffrin Burkhard , Uzun Sibel 
Published: September 2020

Reliability has been quantified in a simple Gauss–Markov model (GMM) by Baarda (1968) for the application to geodetic networks as the potential to detect outliers – with a specified significance and power – by testing the least-squares residuals for their zero expectation property after an adjustment assuming “no outliers”. It was shown that, under homoscedastic conditions, the so-called “redundancy numbers” could very well serve as indicators for the “local reliability” of an (individual) observation. In contrast, the maximum effect of any undetectible outlier on the estimated parameters would indicate “global reliability”.
This concept had been extended successfully to the case of correlated observations by Schaffrin (1997) quite a while ago. However, no attempt has been made so far to extend Baarda’s results to the (homoscedastic) errors-in-variables (EIV) model for which Golub and van Loan (1980) had found their – now famous – algorithm to generate the total least-squares (TLS) solution, together with all the residuals. More recently, this algorithm has been generalized by Schaffrin and Wieser (2008) to the case where a truly – not just elementwise –weighted TLS solution can be computed when the covariance matrix has the structure of a Kronecker–Zehfuss product.
Here, an attempt will be made to define reliability measures within such an EIV-model, in analogy to Baarda’s original approach.