bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From bedside to battlefield: intersection of ketone body mechanisms in geroscience with military resilience
Authors: Stubbs Brianna J. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Volek Jeff S. , Newman John C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKetone bodies are endogenous metabolites that are linked to multiple mechanisms of aging and resilience. They are produced by the body when glucose availability is low, including during fasting and dietary carbohydrate restriction, but also can be consumed as exogenous ketone compounds. Along with supplying energy to peripheral tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, they increasingly are understood to have drug-like protein binding activities that regulate inflammation, epigenetics, and other cellular processes. While these energy and signaling mechanisms of ketone bodies are currently being studied in a variety of aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also be relevant to military service members undergoing stressors that mimic or accelerate aging pathways, particularly traumatic brain injury and muscle rehabilitation and recovery. Here we summarize the biology of ketone bodies relevant to resilience and rehabilitation, strategies for translational use of ketone bodies, and current clinical investigations in this area.
A terrestrial Devonian-Carboniferous boundary section in East Greenland
Authors: Marshall John E. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTerrestrial Devonian-Carboniferous boundary sections are present in the East Greenland Devonian Basin. The boundary section on Stensiö Bjerg developed in deep, distal lake sediments with a pair of lakes representing the boundary. A diverse spore assemblage developed as the lake flooded the basin. Previously abundant spores, notablyRetispora lepidophyta,Diducitesspp.,Rugospora radiataand all forms with bifurcate tips (AncyrosporaandHystricosporites), then became extinct through just over a metre of section. The spore assemblage is then lost into AOM rich very high TOC% lake sediments. There is a negative δ13CTOCexcursion in the Stensiö Bjerg section interpreted to represent the upper part of the positive excursion known from marine sections. The upper lake contains the simple VI spore assemblage of the earliest Carboniferous age. The correlative section on Rebild Bakker was developed in shallow proximal facies without AOM and shows that a Devonian-Carboniferous LN* to VI spore zone boundary can be picked in the lower lake based on the last occurrence ofRetispora lepidophytain an assemblage otherwise dominated by simple spores andGrandispora cornuta. Spores in this VI spore assemblage, particularlyGrandispora cornuta, show sculpture malformation that is entirely characteristic of UV-B radiation damage to their DNA prior to deposition of its protective wall layer. This palynological record showing the rapid extinction of major elements within the Late Devonian microflora can be reconciled with accounts claiming there was no mass extinction of plants and spores across the boundary. The palaeobiology of the major spore groups that became extinct is reviewed.
Limitations of the Recall Capabilities in Delay-Based Reservoir Computing Systems
Authors: Köster Felix , Ehlert Dominik , Lüdge Kathy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyse the memory capacity of a delay-based reservoir computer with a Hopf normal form as nonlinearity and numerically compute the linear as well as the higher order recall capabilities. A possible physical realization could be a laser with external cavity, for which the information is fed via electrical injection. A task-independent quantification of the computational capability of the reservoir system is done via a complete orthonormal set of basis functions. Our results suggest that even for constant readout dimension the total memory capacity is dependent on the ratio between the information input period, also called the clock cycle, and the time delay in the system. Optimal performance is found for a time delay about 1.6 times the clock cycle.
Arbeitsgestaltung als Informationsmanagement
Authors: Hacker Winfried 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Verbreiten vernetzter digitaler Arbeitsmittel in der Erwerbsarbeit wächst die Häufigkeit der Klagen über Informationsüberlastung, die mit Leistungs- und Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen einhergehen kann. Zur Vermeidung ist das systematische präventive Gestalten des Informationsflusses erforderlich. Dazu gehören: Unterscheiden zwischen der für die Auftragserfüllung erforderlichen Information und auftragsirrelevanten, störenden Daten; Anbieten der erforderlichen Information in einer für die Handlungsregulation geeigneten Darstellung; eine Arbeitsorganisation (insbes. Arbeitsteilung) sowie Medienwahl, die den erforderlichen Informationsfluss verringern; sowie das Auswählen bzw. Entwickeln informationstechnischer Systeme, die anforderungsgerechte, „gebrauchstaugliche“ Information vermitteln. Hilfsmittel dafür werden skizziert.Praktische Relevanz: Informationstechnologien nehmen sowohl im Büro- als auch im Produktionsbereich beständig zu. Diese Tatsache erfordert eine menschengerechte und ergonomische Gestaltung des Informationsmanagements, wozu dieser Artikel einen Beitrag leistet.
Optimale nichtlineare Tarife auf zweiseitigen Medien-Märkten
Authors: Becker Frauke , Gedenk Karen 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMedien-Unternehmen wie Zeitungsverlage und Messeveranstalter sehen sich in der Preispolitik zwei großen Herausforderungen gegenüber: Zum einen agieren sie auf zweiseitigen Märkten und sollten als Plattformen ihre Preise auf beiden Marktseiten gleichzeitig optimieren. Zum anderen hängt die Nutzungsmenge ihrer Kunden vom Preis ab, sodass die Plattformen von nichtlinearen Tarifen profitieren können. Die Autoren entwickeln ein Entscheidungsunterstützungs-System für nichtlineare Tarife in einem zweiseitigen Markt und wenden es auf eine Messe an. Sie messen Zahlungsbereitschaften von Ausstellern und Besuchern und schätzen jeweils Segment-spezifische Zahlungsbereitschafts-Funktionen. Die Optimierung ergibt, dass die Messegesellschaft ihren Deckungsbeitrag durch den Einsatz von zweiteiligen Tarifen stark steigern kann. Zudem sollte die Messe relativ hohe Preise für Aussteller setzen und ihren Deckungsbeitrag vor allem auf dieser Seite des Marktes erwirtschaften.
‘If they weren’t in the Pub, they Probably wouldn’t Even Know each Other’: Alcohol, Sociability and Pub Based Leisure
Authors: Thurnell-Read Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the form and function of pubs is diverse and has changed over time, there remains an at least notional consensus that the pub plays an important social function by providing a place for people to come together in pleasurable and meaningful social interaction. Drawing on qualitative research involving focus groups with pub goers and interviews with pub staff, this paper examines the forms of sociability that take place in UK pubs. Pubs are shown to be sites for varied social interactions which differ in form, intensity and meaning. This includes regular pub going rooted in customer routines but also occasional pub going linked to a wider range of events and associated leisure activities. A common theme across these forms of pub sociability is the value placed on feelings of social connections provided by different forms of social interaction and sociability which are facilitated by the hospitable atmospheres many pubs offer. Pubs are therefore cast as important sites through which various forms of sociability are enacted and enabled. The article contributes to ongoing debates about the social role of alcohol based leisure practises but also stresses the decentring of intoxication apparent in many of these accounts and, further, indicates an increasing diversification of pub based leisure.
Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation
Authors: Brenna Morris , Foiadelli Federica , Leone Carola , Longo Michela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany different types of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies are described in literature and implemented in practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the existing and proposed EV charging technologies in terms of converter topologies, power levels, power flow directions and charging control strategies. An overview of the main charging methods is presented as well, particularly the goal is to highlight an effective and fast charging technique for lithium ions batteries concerning prolonging cell cycle life and retaining high charging efficiency. Once presented the main important aspects of charging technologies and strategies, in the last part of this paper, through the use of genetic algorithm, the optimal size of the charging systems is estimated and, on the base of a sensitive analysis, the possible future trends in this field are finally valued.
Price Determinants of Stock-Type Horses Sold at Public Online Auctions
Authors: Kibler Michelle L. , Thompson Jada M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a shift in livestock auction sales in consolidation of live markets and movement toward virtual marketplaces. We examine buyer preferences for nonracing stock-type horses sold through virtual auctions to better understand how animals are sold and their valuation. A shift towards online sales of equine has impacted the number of potential buyers through increased exposure to sale horses. Using data collected from online auctions, we estimate factors influencing propensity to sell as well as price determinants in this market platform. We find many factors contribute to the likelihood of a horse selling and to the final sale price.
Flow field reconstruction method based on array neural network
Authors: Yuqi W. , Wu Y. , Shan L. , Jian Z. , Huiying R. , Tiechui Y. , Menghai K. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTMulti-dimensional aerodynamic database technology is widely used, but its model often has the curse of dimensionality. In order to solve this problem, we need projection to reduce the dimension. In addition, due to the lack of traditional method, we have improved the traditional flow field reconstruction method based on artificial neural networks, and we proposed an array neural network method.In this paper, a set of flow field data for the target problem of the fixed Mach number is obtained by the existing CFD method. Then we arrange all the sampled flow field data into a matrix and use proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to reduce the dimension, whose size is determined by the first few modals of energy. Therefore, significantly reduced data are obtained. Then we use an arrayed neural network to map the flow field data of simplified target problem and the flow field characteristics. Finally, the unknown flow field data can be effectively predicted through the flow field characteristic and the trained array neural network.At the end of this paper, the effectiveness of the method is verified by airfoil flow fields. The calculation results show that the array neural network can reconstruct the flow field of the target problem more accurately than the traditional method, and its convergence speed is significantly faster. In addition, for the case of high angle flow field, the array neural network also performs well. There are no obvious jumps, and huge errors are found in results. In general, the proposed method is better than the traditional method.
Mobilizing Against the Antiglobalization Backlash: An Integrated Framework for Corporate Nonmarket Strategy
Authors: Curran Louise , Eckhardt Jappe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, scepticism on the merits of trade and globalization has increased across several key developed countries. This poses major challenges for multinational enterprises (MNEs) and other trade dependent firms (TDFs). This paper develops a framework to explore corporate nonmarket strategies (NMS) to address this backlash, covering both corporate political activity (CPA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). We firstly provide an overview of the existing research within international economics, business strategy, and international political economy on the antiglobalization backlash and MNEs/TDFs strategy in the face of protectionism. Building on this scholarship, we formulate propositions for CPA and CSR actions, which are likely to be deployed by TDFs in developed economies to counter protectionism and address the criticisms of the antiglobalization movement. On this basis we propose an interdisciplinary analytical framework that can be used to study corporate strategy in times of growing antitrade sentiments. Finally, we provide initial proposals for testing these propositions and highlight the challenges researchers may face when carrying out such research.
Visibility, Contact and Market-Competence: Keys to the Inclusion of People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Lebanese Workplace
Authors: Merhej Rita 
Published: October 2020

Background:
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience high unemployment due to external (stigma, parental overprotection and low expectations) and internal (learned helplessness) barriers. Although Lebanon was a pioneer among Arab countries in its legislative and social activism toward inclusion of disabled people, stigma persists and a benevolence model of disability still prevails.

Aims:
This article aims at identifying the needs of people with ID, and proposing directions for future work toward their inclusion in the Lebanese workplace, based on identified needs.

Methodology:
A literature search for articles on ID in Lebanon and national and regional reports on employment of people with ID over the past two decades was performed, excluding all documentation using unclear definitions of ID or focusing on mental illness.

Findings:
Analysis of the literature highlighted the need for more familiarity and contact with, for more visibility of, and more market-competent training for people with ID in Lebanon.

Conclusions and implications:
Prejudice and faulty conceptions of ID can be reduced by increasing visibility of people with ID through increased everyday life contact opportunities. Change is urged at the level of organisational sheltered training to provide a more market-competent training for ensuring proper job placement of people with ID in mainstream labour.
DIMENSIONAL GROUPS AND FIELDS
Authors: WAGNER FRANK O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe shall define a general notion of dimension, and study groups and rings whose interpretable sets carry such a dimension. In particular, we deduce chain conditions for groups, definability results for fields and domains, and show that a pseudofinite$\widetilde {\mathfrak M}_c$-group of finite positive dimension contains a finite-by-abelian subgroup of positive dimension, and a pseudofinite group of dimension 2 contains a soluble subgroup of dimension 2.
STARLIKENESS AND CONVEXITY OF CAUCHY TRANSFORMS ON REGULAR POLYGONS
Authors: ZHANG PENG-FEI , DONG XIN-HAN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor
$n\geq 3$
, let
$Q_n\subset \mathbb {C}$
be an arbitrary regular n-sided polygon. We prove that the Cauchy transform
$F_{Q_n}$
of the normalised two-dimensional Lebesgue measure on
$Q_n$
is univalent and starlike but not convex in
$\widehat {\mathbb {C}}\setminus Q_n$
.
What’s Wrong with Fakes? Heritage Reconstructions, Authenticity, and Democracy in Post-Disaster Recoveries
Authors: Piazzoni Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural and human disasters continue to destroy historic urban fabrics worldwide. While residents would often like to see their cities rebuilt “as they were,” most scholars of heritage fiercely reject identical reconstructions by arguing either that they are “fake” simulations, or that they epitomize undemocratic urbanization processes. Challenging these arguments, I first draw from literature on theming to argue that it is precisely “fakeness” that allows people to construct a sense of authenticity in rebuilt urban spaces. Next, I show how preoccupations with participation and justice can paradoxically lead professionals to advance the same universalistic, undemocratic heritage approach that they claim to contest. By enabling diverse people to negotiate a sense of the past, confront each other, and share new aspirations for the future, identical reconstructionsareheritage as much as, if not more than, other “historic” urban fabrics.
Pantomime horsemen: “cavalry-sports“ helmets and popular culture in the frontier provinces
Authors: Rankov Boris 
Published: October 2020

Decorated helmets fitted with a metal mask in the form of a human face have been found throughout the lands of the Roman empire, and sometimes beyond it. Despite the significant number of examples (whole or in part) surviving from the 1st to the 3rd c. A.D., these helmets remain an enigma to students of the Roman army. They have usually (though not exclusively) been found either at or close to forts garrisoned by cavalry or in hoards or graves containing other military equipment, often cavalry-specific such as horse-chamfrons. Most have therefore been identified as cavalry helmets, and it is widely accepted that many are of the type referred to by the 2nd-c. general Arrian in his treatise Tactica whilst describing cavalry exercises (hippika gymnasia):
these helmets, unlike those made for battle, do not protect just the head and cheeks, but are made to fit the faces of the cavalrymen completely, with openings for the eyes so as not to interrupt the vision whilst nevertheless providing protection for the eyes.1
Altruism, Ingroups, and Fairness: Comments on Messick's “Social Categories and Business Ethics”
Authors: Hartman Edwin M. 
Published: October 2020

In attacking utilitarianism Bernard Williams1 likes to consider the case of the man who has a choice of saving his wife or a stranger from drowning. Williams takes it as clear, and a problem for consequentialism, that the man has a moral obligation to save his wife. The relationship is a good thing without reference to consequences that one might suppose it requires if it is to be valuable.David Messick suggests a consequentialist view of certain relationships—for example, those that create a limited altruism—that have survival value. Some kin relationships are like that; and insofar as they are, there is something to be said for them from a utilitarian point of view. Messick does not rest there, as his primary concern is fairness, but he does seem to hold that there is a utilitarian basis for valuing families and family ties. One need not be a sociobiologist to learn something about practical morality from the facts Messick adduces.
Prediction of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Using Characteristic Waveforms of Ductus Venosus in Recipient Twins
Authors: Takano Mayumi , Nakata Masahiko , Nagasaki Sumito , Sakuma Junya , Morita Mineto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether the alterations of time intervals and velocity–time integrals (VTIs) of ductus venosus (DV) Doppler flow could predict evolving twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic diamniotic (MD) twin pregnancies in the second trimester. DV Doppler waveforms of MD twin pregnancies were retrospectively analyzed. Time intervals and VTIs of the accelerating phase of S-wave (S1 and VTI-1), decelerating phase of S-wave (S2 and VTI-2) and phase of D-wave (D and VTI-diast) were measured in the recipient twins of TTTS and the larger twins of uncomplicated MD twins. Each parameter was normalized to total time intervals and VTIs. DV parameters of prerecipient twins in pre-TTTS conditions were analyzed. The pre-TTTS condition was defined as the condition within 2 weeks before when TTTS cases fulfilled the criteria. Both recipient twins in TTTS cases and prerecipient twins in pre-TTTS condition showed significantly shorter S1, longer S2, shorter D, smaller VTI-1, larger VTI-2 and smaller VTI-diast than did the larger twins in uncomplicated MD twins (p < .05). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that VTI-2 had better performance, and VTI-2 >45.5% had 87.0% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 81.0% positive predictive value and 93.0% negative predictive value for detecting prerecipient twins. Recipient twins complicated with TTTS have characteristic alterations in time intervals and VTIs of DV Doppler flow, which is present even before fulfilling the TTTS criteria. Furthermore, VTI-2 >45.5% is a possible predictive parameter for TTTS in the second trimester.
Generation, Resuspension, and Transport of Particulate Matter From Biochar‐Amended Soils: A Potential Health Risk
Authors: Ravi Sujith , Li Junran , Meng Zhongju , Zhang Jianguo , Mohanty Sanjay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale soil application of biochar is one of the terrestrial carbon sequestration strategies for future climate change mitigation pathways, which can also help remove and sequester pollutants from contaminated soil and water. However, black carbon emissions from biochar‐amended soils can deteriorate air quality and affect human health, as the biochar particles often contain a higher amount of sorbed toxic pollutants than the soil. Yet, the extent and mechanism of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) emission from biochar‐amended soils at different wind regimes have not been evaluated. Using wind tunnel experiments to simulate different wind regimes, we quantified particulate emission from sand amended with 1–4% (by weight) biochar at two size fractions: with and without <2‐mm biochar. At wind speeds below the threshold speed for soil erosion, biochar application significantly increased PM10 emission by up to 400% due to the direct resuspension of inhalable biochar particles. At wind speeds above the threshold speed, emission increased by up to 300% even from biochar without inhalable fractions due to collisions of fast‐moving sand particles with large biochar particles. Using a theoretical framework, we show that particulate matter emissions from biochar‐amended soils could be higher than that previously expected at wind speeds below the erosion threshold wind speed for background soil. Our results indicate that current models for fugitive dust emissions may underestimate the particulate matter emission potential of biochar‐amended soils and will help improve the assessment of biochar emission from amended soils.
Study of the Electron Velocity Inside Sub‐Ion‐Scale Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind by MMS Observations
Authors: Wang G. Q. , Zhang T. L. , Wu M. Y. , Hao Y. F. , Xiao S. D. , Wang G. , Liu L. J. , Chen Y. Q. , Volwerk M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectron vortices are a key element in the sub‐ion magnetic hole. Here, we investigate the electron velocity inside two sub‐ion magnetic holes in the solar wind based on the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that the observational electron velocities inside the magnetic holes are contributed by the combination of the electron diamagnetic (Ve,dia), E × B (Ve,E), magnetic gradient (Ve,▽B) and curvature (Ve,R) drifts. Ve,dia, Ve,▽B, and Ve,R are comparable, while Ve,E is very small inside the hole. The weak Ve,E could result from the electric field approximately perpendicular to the magnetic field inside the structure. The value of Ve,▽B + Ve,R is near 0; thus, Ve,dia is approximately equal to the observational electron velocity. The current density contributed by the electron diamagnetic, magnetic gradient and curvature drift motions is self‐consistent with the magnetic depression inside the hole, suggesting that these three electron drift motions play a crucial role in stabilizing the magnetic hole in the mirror‐stable astrophysical plasma environment.