bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s new copycat?
Authors: Moore Erja 
Published: March 2020

In Finland, all higher education institutions are committed to following a national policy to deal with suspected violations of good scientific practice. All suspicions of research misconduct are dealt with at the local level in the institution. If “the person alleged of misconduct or the instigator of the allegation” is dissatisfied with the decision, s/he may request a statement from the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (2012, 36). The system has been claimed to be unique in the world. The responsibility of research misconduct investigations being on local level has led to a situation where the rector of the institution is responsible of the decisions resulting in differencesin local decisions, processes and definitions of plagiarism (Moore 2019).
The data for this conference paper consist of 13 statements requested from Finnish National Boardon Research Integrity. All requests of statements dealt with suspicions of plagiarism in students’ Master’s theses. Thematic content analysis is used to typify first the interpretations of plagiarism and the investigation processes in institutions. The main result is that plagiarism is defined or denied on the local level and there is no need to comply with national or international definitionsof plagiarism. The national guidelines can be interpreted in creative ways: administrative and legal rhetoric is used to state that a thesis older than two years is not to be investigated at all, the instigator of the suspicion is not a party in a plagiarism case and therefore documentation of the investigation process can be kept internal. Secondary source plagiarism can be seen as plagiarism,but it can also be accepted as normal thesis writing. The national guidelines are interpreted differently resulting in creative, diverse and unequal interpretations of plagiarism.
Digital spaces for learning and meeting - A green experiment
Authors: Grote Michael , Kavli Fredrik , Seland Eli Heldaas 
Published: March 2020

With climate change and the necessity to reduce travel the public focus on developing online spaces for learning and meeting has strengthened. For this reason we are arranging a blended seminar for the Libraries' network for ph.d.-support: The attendants who are in Bergen or wish to be in Bergen, will meet in a physical conference room, while others will be able to attend the conference as full participants through the online platform Zoom, 29.-30. April 2020. We want to share our experiences with the process of planning and carrying out a blended seminar for this kind of network meetings, and will discuss central issues such as if we succeeded with our ambition to make the seminar accessible for all participants at the same rate, and if the interaction functioned. Did we manage to make interaction and active learning to a main characteristic of the whole meeting? What can be learned from the event, and what could be done better next time? What are important factors to consider when planning to arrange a blended seminar?
In line with the green policy of the project we will carry out our presentation online.
Using “threshold concepts” as a framework for teaching information literacy
Authors: Alfredsson Veronica , Pernler Tobias 
Published: March 2020

We would like to explore the idea of threshold concepts as a framework for information literacy (IL) instruction in a higher education setting. Threshold concepts are central to a discipline; difficult to learn, but once understood, impossible to “unlearn”. They are implicitly incorporated in practitioners’ day-to-day work, and form part of the tacit knowledge in a profession. Threshold concepts are thus both taken for granted and difficult to teach; they have become so internalized by the expert that it is easy to forget that they were actually learned at some point. This could lead to a failure in appreciating how hard the concepts can be to master for the novice.
According to Hofer, Hanick & Townsend (2018), possible threshold concepts relevant to IL-instruction are: authority; format; information commodities; organizing systems; research process. As we came across these ideas, we asked ourselves how teaching librarians could utilize this approach when helping students cross the IL thresholds. For example, when teaching how to check the authority of a source, how do we help students handle the distinction between trust and truth? When promoting the library as a free resource, how can students understand the information economy?
Starting with a brief presentation of the idea of threshold concepts, and an introduction to the IL-specific concepts, we would like to invite the round table participants to reflect upon their own approaches when teaching IL. The discussion will be structured around questions such as: What concepts do you normally find students have difficulties grasping? When did you yourself master those concepts? How did that happen? How can that understanding help you as a teacher to facilitate your students’ learning of the concepts?
Possible outcomes of the discussion may entail new didactic ideas, as well as tentative new IL-related threshold concepts.
FGF14‐related episodic ataxia: delineating the phenotype of Episodic Ataxia type 9
Authors: Piarroux Julie , Riant Florence , Humbertclaude Véronique , Remerand Ganaelle , Hadjadj Jessica , Rejou Franck , Coubes Christine , Pinson Lucile , Meyer Pierre , Roubertie Agathe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report four patients from two families who presented attacks of childhood‐onset episodic ataxia associated with pathogenic mutations in the FGF14 gene. Attacks were triggered by fever, lasted several days, and had variable frequencies. Nystagmus and/or postural tremor and/or learning disabilities were noticed in individuals harboring FGF14 mutation with or without episodic ataxia. These cases and literature data delineate the FGF14‐mutation‐related episodic ataxia phenotype: wide range of age at onset (from childhood to adulthood), variable durations and frequencies, triggering factors including fever, and association to chronic symptoms. We propose to add FGF14‐related episodic ataxia to the list of primary episodic ataxia as Episodic Ataxia type 9.
Brain metabolic alterations herald falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Isaias Ioannis U. , Brumberg Joachim , Pozzi Nicoló G. , Palmisano Chiara , Canessa Andrea , Marotta Giorgio , Volkmann Jens , Pezzoli Gianni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPathophysiological understanding of gait and balance disorders in Parkinson’s disease is insufficient and late recognition of fall risk limits efficacious follow‐up to prevent or delay falls. We show a distinctive reduction of glucose metabolism in the left posterior parietal cortex, with increased metabolic activity in the cerebellum, in parkinsonian patients 6–8 months before their first fall episode. Falls in Parkinson’s disease may arise from altered cortical processing of body spatial orientation, possibly predicted by abnormal cortical metabolism.
Do incompatible alternatives in a testimony affect witness credibility?
Authors: Luna Karlos , Albuquerque Pedro B. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe qualitative regulation of grain size allows witnesses to increase the accuracy of their reports by adding alternatives (e.g., “the robber concealed his face with a mask, with a stocking, or with a balaclava”). However, such answers may include incompatible alternatives which may make police officers and juries distrust witnesses. In four preregistered experiments, we tested the effect of information with incompatible alternatives on witness credibility. In Experiments 1a, 1b, and 1c, we presented two short testimonies, one with incompatible alternatives and another without and credibility was lower with incompatible alternatives. In Experiment 2, we told participants that witnesses could report several alternatives and the effect was reduced. We explain the effect of incompatible alternatives on credibility from participants' inferences that a witness producing an answer with incompatible alternatives is not confident in their memory and a failure to fully appreciate the advantages of adding alternatives.
Recent Advances in Optical Engineering of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Yang Zu‐Po , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the first demonstration of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) in 1995, much effort has been made to develop this technology for display and lighting. A common LEC generally contains a single emissive layer blended with a salt, which provides mobile ions under a bias. Ions accumulated at electrodes facilitate electrochemical doping such that operation voltage is low even when employing high‐work‐function inert electrodes. The superior properties of simple device architecture, low‐voltage operation, and compatibility with inert metal electrode render LECs suitable for cost‐effective light‐emitting sources. In addition to enormous progress in developing novel emissive materials for LECs, optical engineering has been shown to improve device performance of LECs in an alternative way. Light outcoupling enhancement technologies recycle the trapped light and increase the light output from LECs. Techniques to estimate emission zone position provide a powerful tool to study carrier balance of LECs and to optimize device performance. Spectral tailoring of the output emission from LECs based on microcavity effect and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles improves the intrinsic emission properties of emissive materials by optical means. These reported optical techniques are overviewed in this review.
Fabrication of Glyco‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Targeted Interventional Photodynamic/Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Percutaneous Transperitoneal Puncture
Authors: Hu Jun , Wu Wenrui , Qin Yufei , Liu Chao , Wei Peng , Hu Jing , Seeberger Peter H. , Yin Jian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes high morbidity and mortality due to a lack of adequate treatments. Cancer treatments have benefited from nanotechnology approaches that integrate multimodal synergistic therapies. A synergistic, minimally invasive strategy of interventional photodynamic therapy (IPDT) and chemotherapy for HCC treatment through percutaneous transperitoneal puncture is disclosed that is based on photosensitive porphyrinic galactose‐modified metal‐organic frameworks (PCN‐224) first used as hepatic targeting and encapsulated with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX@Gal‐PCN‐224). Real‐time imaging reveals the effective accumulation of the integrated nanosystem in the HCC cells and tumor tissues due to hepatic targeting. Evaluation of the anti‐tumor efficiency of this nanosystem on orthotopic transplantation tumors with the aid of minimally invasive intervention shows a tumor inhibition rate of 98%. The synergistic effects induce high‐level cell apoptosis and tissue necrosis in vitro and in vivo. This bimodal IPDT/chemotherapy strategy holds great potential in the clinical treatment for HCC.
Single‐Atom Catalytic Materials for Advanced Battery Systems
Authors: Lu Chao , Fang Ruyue , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvanced battery systems with high energy density have attracted enormous research enthusiasm with potential for portable electronics, electrical vehicles, and grid‐scale systems. To enhance the performance of conversion‐type batteries, various catalytic materials are developed, including metals and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Metals are highly conductive with catalytic effects, but bulk structures with low surface area result in low atom utilization, and high chemical reactivity induces unfavorable dendrite effects. TMDs present chemical adsorption with active species and catalytic activity promotes conversion processes, suppressing shuttle effect and improving energy density. But they suffer from inferior conductivity compared with metal, and limited sites mainly concentrate on edges and defects. Single‐atom materials with atomic sizes, good conductivity, and individual sites are promising candidates for advanced batteries because of a large atom utilization, unsaturated coordination, and unique electronic structure. Single‐atom sites with high activity chemically trap intermediates to suppress shuttle effects and facilitate electron transfer and redox reactions for achieving high capacity, rate capability, and conversion efficiency. Herein, single‐atom catalytic electrodes design for advanced battery systems is addressed. Major challenges and promising strategies concerning electrochemical reactions, theoretical model, and in situ characterization are discussed to shed light on future research of single‐atom material‐based energy systems.
Supramolecular Energy Materials
Authors: Dumele Oliver , Chen Jiahao , Passarelli James V. , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light‐harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self‐assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long‐term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light‐harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self‐assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
Copper‐Enriched Prussian Blue Nanomedicine for In Situ Disulfiram Toxification and Photothermal Antitumor Amplification
Authors: Wu Wencheng , Yu Luodan , Pu Yinying , Yao Heliang , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn situ toxification of less toxic substance for the generation of effective anticarcinogens at the specific tumor tissue has been a novel paradigm for combating cancer. Significant efforts have been recently dedicated to turning clinical‐approved drugs into anticancer agents in specific tumor microenvironment by chemical reactions. Herein, a hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HMPB)‐based therapeutic nanoplatform, denoted as DSF@PVP/Cu‐HMPB, is constructed by encapsulating alcohol‐abuse drug disulfiram (DSF) into the copper‐enriched and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐decorated HMPB nanoparticles to achieve in situ chemical reaction‐activated and hyperthermia‐amplified chemotherapy of DSF. Upon tumor accumulation of DSF@PVP/Cu‐HMPB, the endogenous mild acidity in tumor condition triggers the biodegradation of the HMPB nanoparticle and the concurrent co‐releases of DSF and Cu2+, thus forming cytotoxic bis(N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato)copper(II) complexes (CuL2) via DSF‐Cu2+ chelating reaction. Moreover, by the intrinsic photothermal‐conversion effect of PVP/Cu‐HMPBs, the anticancer effect of DSF is augmented by the hyperthermia generated upon near‐infrared irradiation, thus inducing remarkable cell apoptosis in vitro and tumor elimination in vivo on both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor‐bearing models. This strategy of in situ drug transition by chemical chelation reaction and photothermal‐augmentation provides a promising paradigm for designing novel cancer‐therapeutic nanoplatforms.
Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile, Solid‐State Reflective Displays: From New Structural Design Rules to Enhanced Color‐Changing Performance
Authors: Tao Shuaipeng , Li Qian , Wang Jiafu , Wang Xiaoyi , Cai Jize , Li Shibo , Xu Wei , Zhang Kan , Hu Chaoquan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the arrival of omnimedia era, there has been an increasing demand for energy‐saving, colorful, and portable displays. Traditional display technologies, such as electrophoresis and electronic ink display suffer from low color switching speed and poor color richness. Due to their high performances, phase change materials (PCMs)‐based nonvolatile, solid‐state reflective display coatings have become the most promising materials for new portable display technology. Existing researches mainly focus on improving the color‐changing performance of coatings by optimizing film structural parameters, but ignore improving the performance by designing new PCMs. Here, this study reveals the color‐changing mechanisms of display coatings through a combination of experiments, first‐principles calculations, spectral fitting, and optical simulation. It is found that reducing the vacancy concentrations of PCMs can increase the color‐changing performance of coatings owing to the increase in p–p coupling strength. Based on previous reports and the new insights into p–p coupling strength, this study proposes three structural design principles of ideal PCMs (low ionicity, a limited degree of hybridization, and high p–p coupling strength) and predicts new PCM candidates for display applications. This study opens a broad avenue for developing nonvolatile display technologies and material selection.
Graphdiyne as a Promising Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material for Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Guo Jia , Wang Zhenhong , Shi Rongchao , Zhang Ye , He Zhenwu , Gao Lingfeng , Wang Rui , Shu Yiqing , Ma Chunyang , Ge Yanqi , Song Yufeng , Fan Dianyuan , Xu Jialiang , Zhang Han 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is a novel 2D all‐carbon nanomaterial, which has an intransic band gap, strong light–matter interaction, and large optical absorption in the infrared region, indicating that it has great potential in the field of mid‐infrared ultrafast photonics. Here, a Z‐scan method is used to demonstrate the broadband and strong nonlinear optical (NLO) response of GDY, and its performance in the application of mid‐infrared ultrafast photonics is explored for the first time. The experimental results demonstrate that its nonlinear parameters are superior to the current mainstream 2D materials. By using GDY as the saturable absorber, stable mode‐locked and chaotic pulses are obtained at 1.5 µm. In addition, as a mode‐locked device of thulium‐doped fiber laser, high‐power pulse output is obtained at 2 µm band. This work shows that GDY, as a promising NLO material, has opened up a new pathway for the development of near‐ and mid‐infrared photonic devices.
Lateral Gating of 2D Electron Gas in Cross‐Sectional LaAlO3/SrTiO3
Authors: Ji Fan , Sharma Pankaj , Xin Tongzheng , Zhang Dawei , Liu Ying , Niu Ranming , Cairney Julie M. , Seidel Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract2D electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces has emerged as an attractive platform for novel nanoelectronic devices. Control over the active functional interface by electrical or mechanical means in this regard is of special interest. A new means of electric‐field control by lateral gating of the interface and modification of its electronic properties in cross‐sectional samples that allows direct access to depth‐resolved physical‐property measurements is investigated. Local scanning probe measurements in conjunction with electrical characterization allow it to be established that field‐driven reversible migration of oxygen vacancies is the origin of enhancement and suppression of electronic conductivity in LAO/STO. These results point to new possibilities of device property control in complex oxide heterostructures and thin films that contain highly conductive engineered interfaces.
Hollow Palladium‐Gold Nanochains with Periodic Concave Structures as Superior ORR Electrocatalysts and Highly Efficient SERS Substrates
Authors: Jiao Wenling , Chen Chen , You Wenbin , Zhao Xiaoran , Zhang Jie , Feng Yuzhang , Wang Peng , Che Renchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnique palladium‐gold hollow nanochains (PdAu HCs) with 1D architecture and an ultrathin Pd‐rich skin exhibit fantastic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) enhancements due to their high conductivity, structural stability, and maximized atomic utilization. More importantly, such PdAu HCs possess periodic concave structures that boost ORR performance. These structures readily form high‐density high‐index facets, and fewer arc edges. Concave structures can deliver strong strain effects and surface charge accumulation is revealed by off‐axis electron holography. In addition, periodic concave structures can provide strong localized surface–plasmon coupling, which means that PdAu HCs have great potential as efficient surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. This study offers a novel and general approach for the design of complex noble metal‐based nanostructures as efficient ORR catalysts and SERS substrates.
Flexible Pseudocapacitive Electrochromics via Inkjet Printing of Additive‐Free Tungsten Oxide Nanocrystal Ink
Authors: Zhang Long , Chao Dongliang , Yang Peihua , Weber Louis , Li Jia , Kraus Tobias , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDirect inkjet printing of functional inks is an emerging and promising technique for the fabrication of electrochemical energy storage devices. Electrochromic energy devices combine electrochromic and energy storage functions, providing a rising and burgeoning technology for next‐generation intelligent power sources. However, printing such devices has, in the past, required additives or other second phase materials in order to create inks with suitable rheological properties, which can lower printed device performance. Here, tungsten oxide nanocrystal inks are formulated without any additives for the printing of high‐quality tungsten oxide thin films. This allows the assembly of novel electrochromic pseudocapacitive zinc‐ion devices, which exhibit a relatively high capacity (≈260 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) with good cycling stability, a high coloration efficiency, and fast switching response. These results validate the promising features of inkjet‐printed electrochromic zinc‐ion energy storage devices in a wide range of applications in flexible electronic devices, energy‐saving buildings, and intelligent systems.