bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing Product Circularity Performance for Optimized Green Profit
Authors: Saidani Michael , Kim Harrison , Yannou Bernard , Leroy Yann , Cluzel François 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop and discuss a framework aiming at monitoring and optimizing the circularity performance of products for ensuring and facilitating green profit design trade-offs whilst meeting or anticipating end-of-life regulations during the design and development process of industrial products. The proposed framework is used to extend the Green Profit Model — an optimization model to maximize the total profit from the sales of new and remanufactured products, while achieving environmental impact savings — by adding a third dimension to this model, which is the circularity performance. As such, in addition to remanufacturing, it covers a wider spectrum of circular economy practices, leading to additional economic opportunities and environmental trade-offs between maintenance, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling at a product, parts and material levels. A first formulation of this extended optimization model is given and discussed through an illustrative example. By connecting the circularity performance of products with possible economic profit and environmental impact savings, it thus contributes in advancing the understanding and linkages in the area of circular design, life cycle analysis, industrial decision-support tool, and environmental regulations. Concretely, practical implications for both design engineering and green policy making are highlighted.
Structural Consequence Analysis: Towards the Quantification of Component Consequential Importance in System Architecture Design
Authors: Walsh Hannah S. , Hejase Mohammad , Hulse Daniel , Brat Guillaume , Tumer Irem Y. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is a major push in safety-critical systems to consider system risk early in the design process in order to avoid costly redesign later on. However, existing techniques, which may be labor-intensive and be subject to many sources of uncertainty, rely on failure mode and failure rate data, which can only be estimated in the early design phase. This paper proposes a network-based technique for assessing the consequential importance of a particular component to enable designers to consider hazards in the design of the system architecture without the use of estimated failure rates. Structural consequence analysis represents connectivity between components with a network and provides an explicit representation of risk prevention and mitigation techniques, such as redundancy. The network is augmented with a measure of the consequence of the failure of the “end” components, or sinks, which can be backpropagated through the network to compute the consequence associated with the failure of all components. Based on this consequence, designers can consider mitigation strategies, such as redundancy or increased component reliability. The approach is demonstrated in the design of an electric system to control an aileron of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). It is found that structural consequence analysis can identify potentially important components without failure rate data, allowing designers to proactively design for risk earlier in the design process.
Asymmetric Energy Harvesting and Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension: Modeling and Validations
Authors: Chen Yuzhe , Qin Bonan , Guo Sijing , Yu Liangyao , Zuo Lei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces a new form of energy-harvesting suspension that is integrated in a hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system. The combined energy-harvesting and hydraulic interconnection features provide improved energy efficiency and vehicle dynamics performance. A half car model and a full car model are developed to validate the effectiveness of this design. Different dynamic input scenarios are used for model simulation, which includes single-wheel sinusoidal input, two-wheel sinusoidal input and double lane change test. The system performs better than a conventional suspension system in rolling dynamics in the cases of the single-wheel road input and double lane change test. The heaving dynamics is dependent on the frequency of the road input. The energy harvesting can generate up to 421 w at 4 Hz and 40 mm (peak to peak) road input.
Examining the Effect of Friction During Dry Sliding on Select Thermoplastics
Authors: Madison Adam , Koren Kyle , Kames Elisabeth , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper outlines a preliminary case study which examines the effect of friction on select thermoplastics during high load, low velocity, and dry sliding wear applications. The primary factors investigated were temperature increase, mass loss, and surface condition of the material. The goal of this research is to identify the best material choice for this application. Eight different thermoplastics were observed in this study. The thermoplastics include variations of polyethylene (PE), polyamide (Nylon), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). An overarching goal of this study is to develop a standard wear property table for the select thermoplastics, as they are not readily available like material property tables for other materials.
The results obtained show that the temperature of the materials generally increased over time, with some materials experiencing greater temperature increase than others. The PTFE materials exhibited the most substantial material loss while the PE materials had the highest increase in temperature during the testing period. Most Nylon composites generated noise during testing, with the exception of one variant: Bearing Grade Nylon. After all factors were considered, Bearing Grade Nylon was chosen for the aforementioned application due to its negligible mass loss, minor surface damage, and temperature increase relative to other thermoplastics tested throughout all trials.
Benefits of a Short-Term Engineering Study Abroad: A Survey of Students Over the Past 15 Years
Authors: Hunter Jacob G. , Mattson Christopher A. , Magleby Spencer P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Since 2004, Brigham Young University has offered a graduate study abroad course in mechanical engineering to help prepare students to be leaders in globally-influenced product development organizations. The course is offered as a study abroad program where faculty lead a group of students across several countries to learn about global product development. This is accomplished in a 2–3 week time period consisting of visits to companies and universities as well as participation in cultural activities. While much research has been done on the benefits of study abroad, it remains unclear how effective study abroad programs are at helping engineering students, especially short-term study abroad programs. The purpose of this paper is to present and examine the benefits of a short-term, study abroad program to engineering students. Data was collected from students who have taken the Global Product Development Course over the past 15 years in a mixed methods survey. Trends show that technical and cultural visits positively effect engineering students in their perception of global product development. It is also shown that a short, 2–3 week, engineering study abroad program can be as or more effective than traditional study abroad programs in certain areas.
Computational Prototyping Methods to Design Human Centered Products of High and Low Level Human Interactions
Authors: Ahmed Salman , Irshad Lukman , Demirel H. Onan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Incorporating human factors engineering guidelines early in design has the potential to reduce the cost and product lead-time to market. Also, products that go through strict ergonomics assessments are associated with better comfort and safety ratings. However, designers are often caught in the dilemma of what prototyping method to use when assessing product ergonomics early in design. This is especially problematic during the conceptual design phase before the physical prototypes are available or built. In this research, we explore the computational prototyping dilemma for early design ergonomics assessments from both fidelity and human-product interaction perspectives. In this paper, three computational prototypes with different fidelity levels (low, medium-, and high-fidelity) are compared in their adequacy for evaluating designs that comprise low- to high-levels of human-product interactions. We used three computational prototyping strategies: (1) Method #1 is a low-fidelity methodology based a digital sketchpad tool; (2) Method #2 is a medium-fidelity methodology consisted of computer-aided design and digital human modeling; and, (3) Method #3 is a high-fidelity methodology composed of computer-aided design, digital human modeling, and surrogate modeling. In order to perform computational ergonomics analyses using above approach, we selected a generic wall mounted cabinet design and a simplified Boeing 767 cockpit model as case studies to illustrate designs that require low- and high-levels of human-product interactions. Our preliminary results show that low-, medium- and high-level prototyping strategies produce similar ergonomics outcomes when evaluating low-level human-computer interaction (e.g., cabinet model). On the other hand, both low- and medium-fidelity (Method #1 and Method #2) prototyping strategies are limited in terms of providing detailed information about human performance when compared to high-fidelity prototyping (Method #3) in evaluating designs with high-level human-computer interaction (e.g., cockpit model).
A Wizard-of-Oz Experiment to Demonstrate Water Reduction and User Training With an “Autonomous” Faucet
Authors: Jou William , Beaulieu Samantha M. , Lim Adrienne K. , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Resource-conserving products and commercial smart products abound in the market, but the intersection of the two is largely unexplored from the human-centered-design community. Research has shown that people (users) have different cognitive styles that influence their methods of approaching challenges and how they interpret the world. Utilizing this knowledge of cognitive styles, energy conserving products could (1) reduce resource consumption of its users and (2) increase user satisfaction with interacting with those products. Passive products — such as a flow-limiting showerhead — do not seek to change the user behavior and solely change the behavior of the product to conserve water. In this work, we design and test an “active smart” product to see if it can change users through product interaction. A custom faucet was designed and built to conduct an experiment with the Wizard of Oz (WoZ) technique of remotely operating a device to create the impression of autonomy/smartness. Participants were asked to wash multiple sets of dishes to test if: (1) participants use less water when washing dishes with a smart faucet and (2) participants remember this behavior change and use less water in a alter interaction with a normal faucet. Results confirmed the hypotheses and showed that those interacting with the faucet reduced their consumption by 26.5% during WoZ treatment and, importantly, 10.9% while washing after interacting with the WoZ treatment. Limitations include the implementation of the smart algorithm and the willingness-to-pay for a smart faucet in the home. This study demonstrates that smart products can conserve resources and train for further conservation even when the user is not using the smart product.
Numerical Investigations on Dynamic Stall of a Pitching-Lagging Motion Airfoil Under Unsteady Freestream
Authors: Xie Kai , Abbas Laith K. , Chen Dongyang , Yang Fufeng , Rui Xiaoting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lift coefficients of a pitching-lagging SC1095 airfoil with different phase differences and amplitudes under Re = 3.92 × 106 are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A simulation results based on overset grid technology and k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model agrees with experimental results. Dynamic stall is associated with Leading Edge Vortex formation (LEV). The formation process during dynamic stall is shown using pressure superimposed with flow streamlines and dimensionless vorticity field contour. Five cases of phase difference between freestream velocity and lagging motion, φ = 0, 1/4π, 1/2π, π and three cases of amplitudes of lagging motion, hamp = 0.3m, 0.5m, 0.7m, are compared, which showed a regular effect on the lift coefficient loops.
Stiffness Based Stability Enhancement in Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Jujjavarapu Sri Sadhan , Esfahani Ehsan T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the importance of endpoint stiffness and its role in improving the interaction stability of a human-robot collaborative task. A low effort collaborative task is simulated with the help of an admittance controlled robot. The performance of this robot for different levels of grasp stiffness are compared and a solution in the form of a Variable Stiffness Mechanism is provided. This mechanism provides an opportunity to modify the stiffness at the port of interaction based on two measures, an instability index in the frequency domain, and human muscle contraction in the time domain. Experimental results show an improvement in the performance and stability for the system with high stiffness vs low stiffness. Human muscle contraction provides a time instant at which the stiffness has to be modified and the instability index value provides information about the direction in which the stiffness has to be modified.
HDI Tribology Challenges and Strategies of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording Drives
Authors: Zhang Youfeng , Yoon Yeoungchin , Xiong Shaomin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The key features for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) head-disk interface (HDI) are higher temperature, rougher media grains and harder disk properties. As a result of these features, it is critical for HDI especially the head to remain wear resistance, contamination robustness and chemical stability as much as possible compared to the current Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) technology. This work summarizes new tribology challenges and strategies at the HDI arisen from the HAMR technology, in terms of disk carbon overcoats, lubricants, head overcoats and mechanical design.
Real Time Cementing Hydraulics Simulations Bring Risk Down
Authors: Pelipenko Sviatoslav , Flamant Nicolas C. , Impey Simon C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Proper control of downhole pressure during cementing operations is critical to maintaining well integrity, i.e. avoiding getting a well kick or fracturing the formation. Contrary to drilling operations where pressure can be monitored in real time thanks to measurement while drilling by downhole tools, no such measurements are available while cementing. Cementing operations must therefore rely on the use of simulations to estimate pressures downhole and ensure that the well integrity is not compromised. These simulations are typically performed ahead of the operations, but for critical wells it is paramount to also perform the calculations in real time to account for any deviation from the plan.
We will first provide a description of the hydraulics simulator used for real time simulations. A key feature is the ability to account for fluctuations in injected fluid density, as a result of the cement slurry mixing process. This effectively results in tracking a high number of fluids with different density properties. The simulator also takes into account fluid compressibility and pressure and temperature dependent fluid viscosity, the magnitude of the effects of which we examine in application to generic field cases. Another salient feature of the simulator is its ability to determine whether fluid is lost to the formation by using flow returning from the well as an additional input.
We highlight the work accomplished to achieve the performance required for real time computations and then illustrate how the simulator gets used during operation through a case study.
Numerical Simulation of Ice-Wave Interaction by Coupling DEM-CFD
Authors: Lu Teng-Chao , Zou Zao-Jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The motions of ice floes in linear waves were simulated by coupling Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The interactions between ice floes are investigated by DEM. The hydrodynamics of ice floes, mainly including the drag force and the buoyancy, are calculated by CFD. In the simulation, the ice floes are treated as discrete elements, and the contact forces between ice floes are determined by the Hertz-Mindlin (no-slip) contact model. The shape of ice floes is an approximate square composed of a number of spherical faces, which can reduce the computation cost. The waves are treated as First Order Airy wave, which is linear in nature and applied to small amplitude waves in shallow liquid depth ranges. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was adopted to capture the free surface. The simulation results are in agreement with the actual situation to a certain extent.
Hydroelastic Analysis and Validation of an End-Anchored Floating Bridge Under Wave and Current Loads
Authors: Xiang Xu , Løken Arne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Analysis tools used by the offshore industry are applied for prediction of global dynamic behaviour of the extreme floating bridge concepts being evaluated by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). Validation and code-code comparison of these analysis tools are of significant importance when they are applied to such new and non-traditional structures. The current paper focus on validation between numerical modelling and model tests. An end-anchored floating bridge of around 850m length is studied. A hydro-elastic global analysis model was created by considering the bridge as large radiation/diffracting floaters connected by elastic beams. The analysis has been done both in frequency and time domain, by including the hydrodynamic interaction between the pontoons or not. A systematic check of different parameters that may have impact on the analysis was carried out. The numerical results have been compared with the model tests carried out in MARINTEK (1990). The work provides validation of the current analysis tools and guidelines for future work.
A Voyage Planning Tool for Arctic Transit of Cargo Ships
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Rita Francisco Afonso 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a decision-support tool for maritime operations in Arctic seas. This tool targets at improving the safety and fuel efficiency of existing and future cargo vessels that are designed to operate in Arctic and in open water conditions. It is achieved by smart voyage planning using meteorological, oceanographic and ice forecasting.
A single-objective optimization for minimizing the fuel consumption in various scenarios of Arctic transits is established, with the transit time and the safety as the two major constraints. The tool is implemented in an in-house Matlab code, which is based on Dijkstra’s algorithm, a grid-based approach that aims at finding the most cost-efficient path connecting any chosen nodes in a given grid. Results from case studies along the Northern Sea Route indicate that the tool generates appropriate routes in ice-infested Arctic waters. The fuel consumption accounting for ice-induced extra resistance is optimized and the risk of collision with icebergs has been considered.
Including the Impact of Climate Change in Offshore and Onshore Metocean Design Criteria to Ensure Asset Robustness
Authors: Brown Alison , Stephens Ag , Rabb Ben , Connell Richenda , Upton Jon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
While a significant amount of attention surrounding climate change has focused on mitigation of the causes, there is growing interest and need to adapt to physical climate change impacts which are already being experienced and in anticipation of future changes. Changes in climate have the potential to create hazards in the oil and gas sector although vulnerabilities to these changes are often specific to asset types. Preparedness for climate change can help to reduce damaging effects from acute as well as chronic climate changes. This paper focuses on a simple approach developed to ensure that climate change is included in engineering design, by considering climate change risk and the uncertainty inherent in future projections of climate change into design requirements. It involves using the best available climate change data and an understanding of the relationships between asset performance and environmental (climate-related) conditions. The risk level associated with climate change for a specific asset is determined by consideration of the severity and confidence level of the climate change hazard, the exposure of the asset to the hazard, the vulnerability of the exposed asset to the hazard and the capacity of the asset to adapt to the hazard. The method considers the risk levels, the selection of climate model data, the ‘natural variability’ baseline period to be applied to the climate change data, the climate change model validation, the asset life time and specifically how to modify metocean design criteria to account for climate change to ensure both the ‘start of life’ criteria (typically derived from observed and hindcast data) and ‘end of life’ criteria (including an estimate for the impact of climate change at the end of the asset life) meet the required annual probability of exceedance.
Numerical Modelling of Wave Resonance in a Narrow Gap Between Two Floating Bodies in Close Proximity Using a Hybrid Model
Authors: Yan S. , Ma Q. W. , Wang Junxian , Wang Jinghua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical investigation on the wave resonance in a narrow gap between two floating bodies in close proximity using a hybrid model, qaleFOAM, which combines a two-phase Navier-Stokes model (NS) and the fully nonlinear potential theory (FNPT) using a spatially hierarchical approach. The former governs the computational domain near the floating bodies and the gap, where the viscous effects are significant, and is solved by using OpenFOAM/InterDyMFoam. The latter covers the rest of the domain and solved by using the Quasi Lagrangian Eulerian Finite Element Method (QALE-FEM). The model is validated by comparing its numerical predictions with experimental data in the cases with linear incident waves. Systematic investigations using incident waves with different steepness are then followed to explore the nonlinear effects on the wave resonance.