bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The benefits of intraguild predation for a top predator spider
Authors: Michalko Radek , Uhrinec Martin , Khum Warbota , Sentenská Lenka 
Published: October 2020

1. Intraguild predation (IGP) among generalist predators significantly affects the food web dynamics but the benefits of IGP for top predators are still unclear.2. We offered diets consisting of aphids, of spiders, and their sequential mix (i.e. polytypic diet) to the spider Philodromus cespitum and measured its survival, weight, development, and fecundity. To avoid a species‐specific effect, the aphid and spider prey consisted of several similarly sized species.3. The spider diet prolonged survival in comparison to starvation while the aphid and polytypic diets enabled the highest survival of juveniles. The spider diet resulted in low weight gain and slow development in juveniles at the population level. However, the weight change was highly variable among individuals, and a substantial portion of the individuals engaging in IGP gained the most weight compared to other diets. The aphid and polytypic diets resulted in the largest weight increase and fastest development in juveniles at the population level, and there was little variability in the amount of weight gained among individuals. Diet did not affect survival of adult females, but females on the spider and polytypic diets had higher fecundity than those on the aphid diet.4. While both the aphids and the spiders had energetic and nutritional value for Philodromus cespitum, a polytypic diet consisting of a mix of them improved overall fitness. IGP therefore seems to be an adaptive strategy of Philodromus cespitum, and IGP on small spiders may increase its performance in ecosystems where aphids are highly dominant pests.
Association of anticoagulation dose and survival in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective propensity score‐weighted analysis
Authors: Ionescu Filip , Jaiyesimi Ishmael , Petrescu Ioana , Lawler Patrick R , Castillo Edward , Munoz‐Maldonado Yolanda , Imam Zaid , Narasimhan Mangala , Abbas Amr E. , Konde Anish , Nair Girish B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypercoagulability may contribute to COVID‐19 pathogenicity. The role of anticoagulation (AC) at therapeutic (tAC) or prophylactic doses (pAC) is unclear.ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact on survival of different AC doses in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsRetrospective, multi‐center cohort study of consecutive COVID‐19 patients hospitalized between March 13 and May 5, 2020.ResultsA total of 3480 patients were included (mean age, 64.5 years [17.0]; 51.5% female; 52.1% black and 40.6% white). 18.5% (n = 642) required intensive care unit (ICU) stay. 60.9% received pAC (n = 2121), 28.7% received ≥3 days of tAC (n = 998), and 10.4% (n = 361) received no AC. Propensity score (PS) weighted Kaplan‐Meier plot demonstrated different 25‐day survival probability in the tAC and pAC groups (57.5% vs 50.7%). In a PS–weighted multivariate proportional hazards model, AC was associated with reduced risk of death at prophylactic (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.22‐0.54]) and therapeutic doses (HR 0.14 [95% CI 0.05‐0.23]) compared to no AC. Major bleeding occurred more frequently in tAC patients (81 [8.1%]) compared to no AC (20 [5.5%]) or pAC (46 [2.2%]) subjects.ConclusionsHigher doses of AC were associated with lower mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Prospective evaluation of efficacy and risk of AC in COVID‐19 is warranted.
Benefit of first‐pass complete reperfusion in thrombectomy is mediated by limited infarct growth
Authors: Ben Hassen W. , Tordjman M. , Boulouis G. , Bretzner M. , Bricout N. , Legrand L. , Benzakoun J. , Edjlali M. , Seners P. , Cordonnier C. , Oppenheim C. , Turc G. , Henon H. , Naggara O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe number of clot retrieval attempts required to achieve complete reperfusion by mechanical thrombectomy impacts functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Complete reperfusion [expanded Treatment In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score = 3] at first pass (FP), is associated with the highest rates of favorable outcome compared to complete reperfusion by multiple passes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between FP complete reperfusion and infarct growth (IG).MethodsAnterior AIS patients with baseline and 24‐h diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were included from two prospective registries. IG was measured by voxel‐based segmentation of initial and 24‐h diffusion‐weighted imaging lesions. IG and favorable 3‐month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (≤ 2) were compared between patients in whom complete reperfusion (eTICI 3) was achieved with a single pass (FP group) and those for whom multiple passes were required (MP group), after matching for confounding factors. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the association between FP and 3‐month mRS score, with IG as mediating variable.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included, of whom 118 (28.9%) had FP complete reperfusion. In case–control analysis, the FP group had lower IG than the MP group [8.7 (5.4–12.9) ml vs. 15.2 (11–22.6) ml, respectively; P = 0.03). Favorable outcome was higher in the FP population compared to a matched MP population (70.9% vs. 53.2%, respectively; P = 0.04). FP compete reperfusion (eTICI 3) was independently associated with favorable outcome in multivariable regression analysis [odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–4.39; P = 0.04]. The effect of complete reperfusion at FP on functional outcome was explained by limited IG in mediation analysis [indirect effect: −0.32 (95% CI −0.47 to −0.09)].ConclusionComplete reperfusion at FP is independently associated with significant decrease in IG compared to complete reperfusion by multiple attempts, explaining better functional outcomes.
COVID‐19 pandemic and mental distress in multiple sclerosis: Implications for clinical management
Authors: Costabile Teresa , Carotenuto Antonio , Lavorgna Luigi , Borriello Giovanna , Moiola Lucia , Inglese Matilde , Petruzzo Martina , Trojsi Francesca , Ianniello Antonio , Nozzolillo Agostino , Cellerino Maria , Boffa Giacomo , Rosa Laura , Servillo Giuseppe , Moccia Marcello , Bonavita Simona , Filippi Massimo , Lanzillo Roberta , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Petracca Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn multiple sclerosis (MS), disease‐related factors and dysfunctional coping might favor the development of mental distress induced by COVID‐19 containment measures. Aim of this study was exploring the relationship between disability, coping strategies, daily life reorganization and neuropsychiatric symptoms in an Italian MS population during the COVID‐19 lockdown, in order to identify potentially modifiable factors that could inform clinical management of mental distress in people with MS.MethodsWe explored the relationship between mental distress, disability and coping strategies in the Italian MS population under lockdown. Structural equation modeling was applied to information collected via web survey to identify modifiable factors that could account for mental distress.ResultsA total of 845 participants (497 with MS and 348 controls) were included in the study. The MS group had higher scores than the control group for depression (p = 0.005), but not for anxiety, emotional dyscontrol or sleep disturbances. The structural equation modeling explained 74% of the variance observed in depression score. Within the model, three latent factors were characterized from measured variables: motor disability and cognitive dysfunction contributed to disability (β = 0.509 and β = 0.836; p < 0.001); positive attitude and exercise contributed to active attitude (β = 0.386 and β = 0.297; p < 0.001); and avoidance, social support and watching television contributed to passive attitude (β = 0.301, β = 0.243 and β = 0.212; p < 0.001). With regard to the relationship between latent factors and their influence on depression, disability contributed to passive attitude (β = 0.855; p < 0.001), while both passive and active attitude significantly influenced depression (β = 0.729 and β = −0.456; p < 0.001).ConclusionAs a practical implication of our model, favoring exercise would enhance active attitude and its positive impact on mental well‐being while, at the same time, reducing the negative impact of disability on depression, representing a valuable tool in facing COVID‐19‐related mental distress.
Value of treatment by comprehensive stroke services for the reduction of critical gaps in acute stroke care in Europe
Authors: Webb A. J. S. , Fonseca A. C. , Berge E. , Randall G. , Fazekas F. , Norrving B. , Nivelle E. , Thijs V. , Vanhooren G. ,   for the Stroke Working Group of the European Brain Council Value of Treatment initiative
Published: October 2020

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and dependency in Europe and costs the European Union more than €30bn, yet significant gaps in the patient pathway remain and the cost‐effectiveness of comprehensive stroke care to meet these needs is unknown. The European Brain Council Value of Treatment Initiative combined patient representatives, stroke experts, neurological societies and literature review to identify unmet needs in the patient pathway according to Rotterdam methodology. The cost‐effectiveness of comprehensive stroke services was determined by a Markov model, using UK cost data as an exemplar and efficacy data for prevention of death and dependency from published systematic reviews and trials, expressing effectiveness as quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). Model outcomes included total costs, total QALYs, incremental costs, incremental QALYs and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). Key unmet needs in the stroke patient pathway included inadequate treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), access to neurorehabilitation and implementation of comprehensive stroke services. In the Markov model, full implementation of comprehensive stroke services was associated with a 9.8% absolute reduction in risk of death of dependency, at an intervention cost of £9566 versus £6640 for standard care, and long‐term care costs of £35 169 per 5.1251 QALYS vs. £32 347.40 per 4.5853 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of £5227.89. Results were robust in one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Implementation of comprehensive stroke services is a cost‐effective approach to meet unmet needs in the stroke patient pathway, to improve acute stroke care and support better treatment of AF and access to neurorehabilitation.
Different Types of Childhood Experience With Mothers and Caregiving Outcomes in Adulthood
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Martire Lynn M. , Tate Ashley M. , Bray Bethany C. , Almeida David M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective and BackgroundThe current study examines the types of childhood experiences with mothers (i.e., maternal abuse, affection, discipline) among caregivers of aging mothers and investigates whether membership in specific latent classes, particularly maternal maltreatment, is associated with psychological functioning among caregivers.MethodUsing data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), we used the Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars approach of latent class analysis to predict distal outcomes.ResultsWe identified four latent classes (prevalence rate noted): “Affectionate and authoritative” (65%), “affectionate and permissive” (11%), “emotionally abusive and neglectful” (8%), and “emotionally/physically abusive and authoritative” (16%). Caregivers in the “emotionally/physically abusive and authoritative” class endorsed high probabilities of both maternal affection and abuse and were most negatively affected across the three psychological functioning outcomes (i.e., self‐rated mental health, psychological distress, and psychological well‐being).ConclusionIn support of the life course perspective, our findings emphasized the importance of examining adult children caregivers' early life experiences with aging mothers and how those experiences can impact the psychological effects of caregiving.ImplicationsThis study suggests specific practice implications; for example, assessment tools for evaluating caregiver burden should consider life course factors, such as caregivers' childhood experiences with aging parents.
Soil dissolved organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems: Global budget, spatial distribution and controls
Authors: Guo Ziyu , Wang Yihui , Wan Zhongmei , Zuo Yunjiang , He Liyuan , Li Dan , Yuan Fenghui , Wang Nannan , Liu Jianzhao , Song Yanyu , Song Changchun , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsSoil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a primary form of labile carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore plays a vital role in soil carbon cycling. This study aims to quantify the budgets of soil DOC at biome and global levels and to examine the variations in soil DOC and their environmental controls.LocationGlobal.Time period1981–2019.MethodsWe compiled a global dataset and analysed the concentration and distribution of DOC across 10 biomes.ResultsLarge variations in DOC are found among biomes across space and the soil DOC concentration declines exponentially along soil depths. Tundra has the highest soil DOC concentration in 0–30 cm soils [453.75 (95% confidence interval: 324.95–633.5) mg/kg], whereas tropical and temperate forests have relatively lower DOC concentrations, ranging from 30.20 (24.78–36.80) to 54.54 (49.77–59.77) mg/kg. DOC generally accounts for < 1% of total organic carbon in soils, and DOC in 0–30 cm contributes more than half of the total DOC in the 0–100 cm soil profile. Furthermore, variations in DOC are primarily controlled by soil texture, moisture, and total organic carbon.Main conclusionsA global synthesis is combined with an empirical model to extrapolate the DOC concentration along soil profiles across the globe, and global budgets of DOC are estimated as 7.20 Pg C in the top 0–30 cm and 12.97 Pg C in the 0–100 cm soil profile, respectively, with a considerable variation among biomes. The strong soil texture control but weak total organic carbon (TOC) control on DOC variations suggest that the investigation of physical protection of soil organic carbon might need to expand to consider the labile C in soils. The global maps of DOC concentration serve as a benchmark for validating land surface models in estimating carbon storage in soils.
The politics of gendered space: Social norms and purdah affecting female informal work in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Lata Lutfun Nahar , Walters Peter , Roitman Sonia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLabor markets are still heavily gendered everywhere, even when women's participation in the labor market is greater now than at any other time in history. Existing research shows poor women's participation in the informal economy is higher than men's in many parts of the Global South. However, this is not the case in Bangladesh. Poor Muslim women's participation, particularly where they require access to public space, is lower than men due to persistent patriarchal norms, reflected in social and religious expectations of women. Drawing on interview data with female street vendors from a slum in Dhaka, this article explores the dynamics of social and religious norms that constrain poor Muslim women's access to public space to earn income. This article contributes to the literature on gender, religion, and work by highlighting that the parochial realm offers a safer space for operating businesses without breaking social norms and by arguing that poor Muslim women experience social and religious barriers rather than legal ones. Non‐legal barriers are more amenable to change as a result, which is important for empowering women.
Caste‐specific gene expression underlying the differential adult brain development in the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: de Paula Junior D. E. , de Oliveira M. T. , Bruscadin J. J. , Pinheiro D. G. , Bomtorin A. D. , Coelho Júnior V. G. , Moda L. M. R. , Simões Z. L. P. , Barchuk A. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApis mellifera adult workers feature more developed key brain regions than queens, which allows them to cope with the broad range of duties they need to perform in a colony. However, at the end of larval development, the brain of queens is largely more developed than that of workers. Major morphogenetic changes take place after metamorphosis that shift caste‐specific brain development. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this phenomenon is hormonally governed and involves differential gene expression. Our molecular screening approach revealed a set of differentially expressed genes in Pp (first pharate‐adult phase) brains between castes mainly coding for tissue remodelling and energy‐converting proteins (e.g. hex 70a and ATPsynβ). An in‐depth qPCR analysis of the transcriptional behaviour during pupal and pharate‐adult developmental stage in both castes and in response to artificially augmented hormone titres of 18 genes/variants revealed that: i. subtle differences in hormone titres between castes might be responsible for the differential expression of the EcR and insulin/insulin‐like signalling (IIS) pathway genes; ii. the morphogenetic activity of the IIS in brain development must be mediated by ILP‐2, iii. which together with the tum, mnb and caspase system, can constitute the molecular effectors of the caste‐specific opposing brain developmental trajectories.
A puzzle‐based material handling system for order picking
Authors: Shekari Ashgzari Mina , Gue Kevin R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a new type of automated goods‐to‐person system based on a grid of unit‐sized conveyors. The system uses a negotiation‐based decentralized control algorithm to route required totes or cartons to one or more picking positions on the perimeter of the grid. We describe the algorithms to accomplish a “puzzle‐like” movement of totes on the grid and explore several design parameters and their effects on system throughput. One interesting result is that a 77% increase in throughput is possible if the orders processed by different workstations have no SKU commonality. The degree of stock keeping unit (SKU) commonality also affects the choice of layout.
Determinants of pre‐eclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal care in hospitals of the Omo district, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Fikadu Kassahun , G/Meskel Feleke , Getahun Firdawek , Chufamo Nega , Misiker Direslign 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPre‐eclampsia is estimated to cause 70 000 maternal death globally every year, with the majority of deaths in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In Ethiopia, pre‐eclampsia causes 16% of direct maternal deaths. Despite the high burden of disease, pre‐eclampsia remains poorly studied in low and middle‐income countries. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women attending hospitals in the Omo district of Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. Logistic regression analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the independent variable and pre‐eclampsia. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) excluding 1 in the multivariable analysis was considered to identify factors associated with pre‐eclampsia at a p‐value of <0.05. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre‐eclampsia were primary relatives who had a history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06‐4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07‐5.20), preterm gestation (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.32), and pre‐conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1‐15.4). The study identified that a family history of chronic illnesses and diabetes mellitus, preterm gestation, and smoking exposure before conception were the risk factors for pre‐eclampsia. Presumably, addressing the identified risk factors may give further insight into where interventions and resources should be focused, as well as having an understanding of the burden of disease.
Inhibition of IRE1/JNK pathway in HK‐2 cells subjected to hypoxia‐reoxygenation attenuates mesangial cells‐derived extracellular matrix production
Authors: Liang Yan , Liang Lulu , Liu Zhenjie , Wang Yingzi , Dong Xiubing , Qu Lingyun , Gou Rong , Wang Yulin , Wang Qian , Liu Zhangsuo , Tang Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory responses play active roles in the transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activates c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) in ER stress. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) are the main injury target and source of AKI inflammatory mediators. TEC injury may lead to glomerulosclerosis, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) HK‐2 cells were used as an AKI model. To determine the partial effects of TEC injury on the glomerulus, HK‐2 cells after H/R were co‐cultured with human renal mesangial cells (HRMC). H/R up‐regulated ER stress, IRE1/JNK pathway, IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in HK‐2 cells. Stimulation of HRMC with IL‐6 enhanced their proliferation and the expression of glomerulosclerosis‐associated fibronectin and collagen IV via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Similar responses were observed in HRMC co‐cultured with HK‐2 cells after H/R. IRE1/JNK inhibition reversed these injury responses in HRMC. IRE1/JNK stable knock‐down in HK‐2 cells and shRNA‐mediated STAT3 depletion in HRMC confirmed their role in inflammation/glomerulosclerosis. These findings suggest that IRE1/JNK pathway mediates inflammation in TEC, affecting mesangial cells. The inhibition of this pathway could be a feasible approach to prevent AKI‐CKD transition.
Effect of handling material on mechanical and optical properties of feldspathic porcelain
Authors: Bitencourt Sandro Basso , Bastos Natália Almeida , Mazza Letícia Cerri , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano , De Souza Grace Mendonça , da Silva Pereira Flávia , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Pesqueira Aldiéris Alves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the optical, chemical, and mechanical properties of feldspathic porcelain after handling with different instrument materials.Material and methodsFeldspathic porcelain was manipulated with different spatula compositions: metal spatula (MS), plastic spatula (PS), and glass spatula (GS) for the fabrication of 30 (n = 10) disks. Contrast ratio (CR), translucency parameter (TP), and surface Knoop microhardness (KHN) were measured. The color change (ΔE00) was evaluated using the CIEDE2000 system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for surface analysis. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0.05).ResultsAll groups presented different morphological surfaces with higher presence of Al on the MS. PS group presented lower Al, Si, K than MS, and GS. Higher CR was observed for PS (0.734; P < 0.043), followed by MS (0.696; P < 0.043) and GS (0.65; P < 0.011). The highest TP (13.06) and KHN (386.27) were presented by GS (P < 0.001). MS and PS presented similar KHN results. The higher ΔE00 were found for plastic/metal comparison. Also, the L* values for the MS group (67.49) were lower than the other groups.ConclusionThe use of metal spatula promoted higher color alteration during feldspathic porcelain manipulation than did the other materials. Handling with glass instrument promoted higher microhardness than other spatula materials.Clinical significanceThe effect of the material used for ceramic handling on feldspathic porcelain properties is often ignored. This study shows that the handling spatula material must be carefully chosen to avoid inadvertent changes to the feldspathic porcelain restoration.