bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KUALITAS MIKROBIOLOGI LIMBAH KUBIS FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN DAN MINERAL
Authors: Utama Cahya Setya , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Putri Rizki Aprilia 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengkaji kualitas mikrobiologi limbah kubis fermentasi yang ditambah vitamin dan mineral dilihat dari kandungan total bakteri, bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perbedaan penambahan vitamin dan mineral sebanyak 0% (T0), 2,5% (T1), 5% (T2), 7,5% (T3); 10% (T4). Parameter penelitian adalah total bakteri, bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Pengolahan data pada parameter total bakteri menggunakan metode deskriptif sedangkan parameter bakteri Gram positif dan negatif diolah menggunakan ANOVA non parametrik dan jika ada pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah bakteri meningkat dengan bertambahnya mineral dan penambahan vitamin, sedangkan bakteri Gram positif dan negatif tidak berbeda (P<0,05) antar perlakuan. Kesimpulannya, penambahan mineral dan vitamin meningkatkan jumlah bakteri pada limbah kubis fermentasi, tanpa mempengaruhi bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Kata kunci: Bakteri, Fermentasi, Limbah kubis, Mineral, Vitamin
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN JATI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS AYAM PETELUR
Authors: Edi Didik Nur 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun jati sebagai alternatif pengganti antibiotik sintetis terhadap profitabilitas ayam petelur. Materi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 240 ekor ayam petelur strain Isa Brown berumur 30 minggu. Ayam petelur tersebut dikelompokkan secara acak ke dalam 6 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan (masing-masing ulangan menggunakan 10 ekor ayam petelur). Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari perlakuan kontrol: tanpa aditif pakan, AV: 0,05% antibiotik virginiamycin, dan penambahan tepung daun jati pada level 0,4%, 0,8%, 1,2%, dan 1,6%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap total konsumsi ransum, biaya ransum, dan total biaya, akan tetapi memberikan pengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap total massa telur, pendapatan penjualan telur, keuntungan, dan R/C ratio. Penambahan tepung daun jati pada level 1,2% dan 1,6% dapat meningkatkan (P≤0,05) total massa telur, pendapatan penjualan telur, keuntungan, dan R/C ratio jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan control, tetapi perlakuan tersebut tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan AV. Kesimpulan peneltiian bahwa tepung daun jati dapat digunakan sebagai aditif pakan untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas ayam petelur dan penggunaan tepung daun jati pada level 1,2% efektif untuk menggantikan antibiotik sintetis. Kata kunci: Aditif pakan, Antibiotik, Fitobiotik, R/C ratio, Tectona grandis L.
PENGARUH MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE (MNS) DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR PADA DOMBA
Authors: Muhtarudin, dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya M Alvin Rifqi Fadilla, Erwanto, 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of addition of Multinutrient Sauce (MNS) in the ration on digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep. This research was conducted in May—July 2019 at the People's Farm of Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency. The digestibility analysis of crude protein and crude fiber was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) based on sheep body weight with six groups and three treatments, namely R0 (ration without MNS); R1 (R0 + MNS 5%); and R2 (R0 + MNS 10%). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level or 1% significance, and continued with further test using Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) if there is significant results. The results showed that the addition of 10% MNS in the ration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.

Keywords: multi nutrient sauce (MNS), digestibility of crude protein, digestibility of crude fiber, sheep.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SKARIFIKASI TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH TANAMAN SAGA POHON (Adenanthera pavonina L.)
Authors: Muhtarudin dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya Cindy Yurike Aprilia, Liman, 
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to investigate the effect of various scarification treatments on the germination of tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were P0 (control), P1 (soaked using distilled water for 24 hours), P2 (soaked using hot water 60 °C for 15 minutes), P3 (sanded skin), P4 (soaked using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes), and P5 (soaked using goat urine for 30 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on germination rate. The best treatment that can increase the germination of a tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.) was by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. This treatment can produce an average germination of 78.89%, while the treatment that produce the highest abnormal seeds was found in the treatment by soaking using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes. The treatment that produce normal seeds, dead seeds, and the highest fungus-stricken seeds were found in the treatment by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. The treatment that produced the highest hard seed was control.

Keywords: Germination, Saga, Scarification.
ESTIMASI NILAI RIPITABILITAS DAN NILAI MOST PROBABLE PRODUCING ABILITY BOBOT LAHIR SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI DESA WAWASAN KECAMATAN TANJUNG SARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: And Akhmad Dakhlan Ede Sutisna, Sulastri, M. Dima Iqbal Hamdani, 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the value of repeatability and Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) of birth weight of Ongole grade cattle (PO) in Wawasan Village, Tanjungsari District, Lampung Selatan Regency. The method used in this study was a survey conducted in February-April 2019 in Wawasan Village, Tanjungsari District, Lampung Selatan Regency, Lampung Province. The material used was 61 female PO cattle that gave birth twice in 2015 to 2019 and had a birth weight record for their offspring. The variables observed were recording of birth weight and sex of PO calves generated from the mothers in the first parity and second parity. Birth weight data were corrected for sex to calculate the estimated value of repeatability using interclass correlation. The results showed that the average of corrected birth weight was 25.21 ± 1.67 kg with a birth weight repeatability value of 0.24 and the average MPPA value of 25.21 ± 0.65 kg. A total of 32 dams (52.46%) can be selected as parents in the breeding area. Based on these results it can be concluded that the genetic quality improvement of PO cattle in Wawasan Village, Tajungsari District could be done through parent selection based on the MPPA value of birth weight.

Keywords: PO cattle, Repeatability estimate, Most Probable Producing Ability, Birth weight
SUBTITUSI PENGGUNAAN SILASE TEBON JAGUNG DENGAN SILASE SORGHUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN SERAT KASAR DAN PROTEIN KASAR PADA SAPI LOKAL PENGGEMUKAN
Authors: Farida Fathul, dan Erwanto Rizky Ramadhanu Wibisono, Liman, 
Published: December 2020

The research that aimed to find out the level of substitution of corn crop silage with sorghum silage as a future feed ingredient on the fiber and protein digestibility of beef cattle has been held in May -- July 2018 in the people's farm in Negla Sari village, South Lampung Regency, Lampung. This study used Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments given were R1: 30% corn crop silage + 70% concentrate; R2: 15% corn crop silage + 15% sorghum silage + 70% concentrate; and R3: 30% sorghum silage + 70% concentrate. This research used nine beef cattle which were allocated in individual cages. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of covariance using a 5% significance level. Variables in this study were fiber and protein digestibility. The results showed that substitution of the use of corn crop silage with sorghum silage did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on the fiber and protein digestibility.
Keywords: Beef cattle, Digestibility fiber, Digestibility protein, Sorghum silage, Silage corn, crop
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FERMENTASI DAN AMONIASI KULIT SINGKONG DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT TUBUH DAN KONVERSI PAKAN PADA TERNAK DOMBA JANTAN
Authors: Jaya Yuswan , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Adhianto Kusuma , Erwanto Erwanto 
Published: December 2020

This research intended to determine the effect of using fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel on body weight gain and feed convertion in male sheep. This research was conducted in June until August 2019 in a cage unit located in the Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University. The research used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Experimental unit of this experiment were nine sheeps. The treatment used were P0 (Ration + 15% cassava peel without processing), P1 (Ration + fermented cassava peel), and P2 (Ration + ammoniated cassava peel). Variable in this study were feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The data obtained were analyzed for variance with significance level 5%. The results showed that the use of fermented and amoniated of cassava peel was not significant (P>0,05) on feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion. Conclusion of this research is that fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel use in ration did not significantly increase body weight of sheep.

Key words: Amoniation, Body weight gain, Cassava peel, Feed convertion rate, Fermentation
PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DAGING SAPI DALAM BLEND JAHE (Zingiber officinalle Roscoe) TERHADAP pH dan KEEMPUKAN
Authors: Suratno Suratno , Husni Ali , Riyanti Rr , Septinova Dian 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking time for beef meat in ginger blend (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on pH and tenderness. This research was conducted at the Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Meat samples were obtained from Z-Beef slaugher house at Bandarlampung. The study used an experimental method in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications using a 15% ginger blend solution. The treatments were beef meat without soaking, soaking for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes with ginger blend. The results obtained were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD test). The results showed that the soaking time with ginger blend had no significant effect (P>0.005) on the pH value, but it had a significant effect (P<0.005) on the tenderness of beef meat with soaking time was up to 30 minutes.

Key words: Beef, Ginger, Soaking time, pH, and tenderness
The Effect of Using Multiple Coordinate Systems and Datum Transformations on the Calculated Coordinates in Palestine
Authors: Younis Ghadi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recent developments in spatial data collection, management and software require the availability of proper geodetic infrastructures for integrating different types and sources of coordinates without causing effective changes in positions. Nowadays, positions are mostly collected by GNSS data collectors based on WGS84/ITRF reference systems. The data are then subjected to transformations and projections to a locally used system. Another possibility is direct data collection based on the local coordinate system by classical surveys using land surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning, etc. The spatial data management is commonly operated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software for mapping, analysis, planning, and other services. The conversions between different coordinate systems should be well defined to guarantee the consistency of the coordinates on all systems and tools. In Palestine, the classical and local surveys are all based on the local coordinate system Pal1923Grid for engineering, cadastral and planning applications. The different GNSS RTK-service providers use different definitions and transformation methods between WGS84 or the International Terrestrial Reference Frames (ITRF) and the local Palestine1923Grid, whereas the Land authority has adopted a group of parameters to be implemented on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data collectors, which do not fit with Palestine1923Grid properties. Additionally, different transformation methods are used in GIS applications for converting the coordinates between the different systems using WGS84 as an intermediate system. Here, the coordinates of a group of the geodetic network in the West Bank of Palestine are used to assess the accuracy of the different transformations and systems by comparing the transformed coordinates using the GNSS system and the originally registered coordinates. Furthermore, a grid of points covering the coordinate system extents is used to describe the differences between the transformations and systems. It was found that the parameters provided by GNSS service providers have results that are consistent with each other and the geodetic network in the West Bank of Palestine compared to GIS-software parameters. By contrast, all systems have extremely deteriorated coordinates in the Gaza strip and the further parts of the Pal1923Grid extents.
The local community: an entity discriminated against in spatial decision-making in Poland?
Authors: Bednarek-Szczepańska Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article concerns the legal dimension of local communities’ participation in selected aspects of shaping space in Poland. The results of the review of legal regulations are presented, including interpretations of regulations made by other authors. Examples taken from previous research were used to show the functioning of these regulations in practice and their consequences. The aim of the article is to assess the legal conditions for the participation of local communities in spatial planning, planning of protected areas and location of investments in Poland, in relation to selected theoretical concepts, as well as to assess the consequences of these conditions. In the legal dimension, the participation of the local community in shaping space is symbolic, in the terminology of the Arnstein ladder. The dominant model is a non-binding opinion on ready-made projects and plans, instead of collaboration in their creation.
Living standards in North Ossetia-Alania through the prism of economic processes
Authors: Dobronosov Vitaly , Tebieva Delyara , Kebalova Lyubov’ 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper reflects the dynamics of changes in standard of living in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania during the post-Soviet period.

Background
The more than twenty years that have passed since perestroika failed to lead to the expected positive shifts in economy in RNO-Alania. In ratings of regions by population living standards, the republic was consistently among the last places.

Aim
To show the discrepancy between the modern level of economic development and the standard of life in the RNO-Alania.

Method
The work uses comparative analysis of indicators of living standard and indicators reflecting the structural and dynamic characteristics of economic processes.

Results
Official statistics show growth in almost all socio-economic indicators in RNO-Alania. This apparent increase in living standards does not correspond to the low ranking of RNO-Alania, which is consistently in the bottom ten of the rating of Russian regions. The analysis of other indicators determining the population's quality of life, such as: the ecological condition of the territory, the developmental level of health and education institutions, life expectancy, and availability of transport, information and communication networks all correlated weakly with the real socio-economic situation in the region. The study of the republic's districts showed a high unemployment rate due to the lack of industrial and agricultural production, the underdevelopment of small and medium-sized businesses, and low wages. There is an outflow of working-age population to the city of Vladikavkaz and from the districts to outside the republic.

Conclusions
The deficit in the republic's budget persisted during the research period, despite the apparent growth in the gross product and revenue part of the budget, but the volume of expenditures is growing at a faster rate. The main reason for this is the sharp decline in industrial production, and the influence of loss-making enterprises that do not generate income in the budget. Living standards are rising only thanks to grants from the federal centre.

Recommendation
In order to remove the republic from its depressed state it is necessary to increase the fixed capital, to control the process of effective use of the available production capacities, and to invest in a recreational industry that uses natural resources and does not require significant investment.
Passing on negative interest rates
Authors: Stadtmann Georg , Moritz Karl-Heinz , Berthold Kristin , Stadtmann Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the ECB has lowered the interest rate on deposits into negative territory, more and more commercial banks are also passing on this negative interest rate to their customers. The main aim of this paper is to answer the question under which conditions the commercial banking sector will be more or less reluctant to pass the negative deposit rate on to its private customers. We first clarify the circumstances under which demand deposits and excess liquidity arise, and what role quantitative easing plays in this context. Within a game-theoretical framework, it is derived that the pressure to pass on the negative interest rate is particularly high if there are no switching costs, and the banking market follows a Bertrand competition.
From ‘total’ to ‘comprehensive’ national defence: the development of the concept in Europe
Authors: Berzina Ieva 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the idea of comprehensive national defence from a wide historical and geographical perspective. Countries facing different security challenges have used the concept of involving the entire society in state defence. From a historical perspective, ‘total defence’, with an emphasis on military components, was used primarily by non-aligned states during the Cold War; the breakdown of the Soviet Union reduced the importance of ‘total defence’; however, the emergence of hybrid threats in the 21st century has contributed to the rebirth of the concept in the form of ‘comprehensive national defence’, for application in circumstances wherein potential adversaries use military and non-military means in an integrated manner.
3D DEM simulations of basic geotechnical tests with early detection of shear localization
Authors: Grabowski Aleksander , Nitka Michał 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with elementary geotechnical tests: triaxial and direct shear of cohesionless sand using the discrete element method (DEM). The capabilities of the numerical DEM code are shown, with a special focus on the early phenomena appearance in localization zones. The numerical tests were performed in 3D conditions with spherical grains. Contact moments law was introduced due to simulate not perfectly round sand grains. The influence of different physical parameters was studied, e.g. initial density or confining pressure. The sieve curve corresponded to the Karlsruhe sand [1]; however, in some tests, it was linearly scaled. Special attention was laid on the behaviour of the sand grains inside localization, e.g. rotation, porosity, fluctuations, etc. and forces redistribution. Emphasis was given on the pre-failure regime and early localization predictors.
ASPEK GEOARKEOLOGI TERHADAP STRATEGI SUBSISTENSI MASYARAKAT DI PESISIR SELATAN BELITUNG DARI ABAD KE-19 SAMPAI AWAL ABAD KE-20 MASEHI
Authors: Novita Aryandini , Mukti Wardoyo Adi Ari 
Published: December 2020

Manusia dapat melakukan berbagai aktivitas untuk bertahan hidup sesuai dengan lingkungan fisik di sekitarnya, dan pada akhirnya menyisakan bentanglahan yang sedemikian rupa saat ini. Dalam upaya bertahan hidup, strategi subsistensi merupakan faktor paling mendasar dalam aktivitas kehidupan manusia. Rekonstruksi aktivitas manusia dalam menjalankan strategi subsistensinya pada masa lalu dapat dilakukan dengan mengkaji lingkungan fisik dan tinggalan arkeologi yang tersisa. Pulau Belitung memiliki peranan penting pada masa kolonial karena kondisi geografisnya. Potensi tambang timahnya mampu menarik perhatian pemerintah Hindia-Belanda untuk mulai melakukan eksploitasi pada abad ke-19 Masehi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pola aktivitas masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung dalam menjalankan strategi subsistensinya dari abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20 Masehi, dengan menggunakan pendekatan geoarkeologi. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai dasar analisis adalah topografi, morfologi, bentuklahan, serta distribusi situs arkeologi dan jenis temuan arkeologi yang ditinggalkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola aktivitas masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung melibatkan dua ekosistem, yakni perairan dan kelekak. Dua ekosistem tersebut memiliki kedudukan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung, di mana tambang timah merupakan produk yang mayoritas dieksploitasi.
Humans can carry out various activities to survive following the physical environment around them, and eventually, leaving such landscapes as it is today. To survive, the subsistence strategy is the
most fundamental factor in human life activities. The reconstruction of human activities in carrying out their subsistence strategy in the past can be done by examining the physical environment and the remaining archaeological remnants. Pulau Belitung played an important role during the colonial period due to its geographical conditions. The potential for tin mining was able to attract the attention of the Dutch East
Indies government to start exploiting it in the 19th century. This study aims to comprehend the pattern of community activity on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung in carrying out its subsistence strategy from the 19th to the early 20th century, using a geoarcheological approach. The variables used as the basis for the analysis are topography, morphology, landform, and distribution of archaeological sites and the types of archaeological items left behind. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of community activity on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung Island involves two ecosystems, which are aquatic and kelekak. The two ecosystems have an important position in the daily life of the people on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung,
where tin mining is the product that is mostly exploited.