bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Learning Style and General Self-Efficacy on Satisfaction of e-Learning in Dental Student
Authors: Baherimoghadam Tahereh , Hamedani Shahram , Mehrabi Manoosh , Naseri Navid , Marzban Nooshin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on education. e-Learning has been becoming most popular. Satisfaction of the student is one of important goal of e-Learning, therefore factors affecting this satisfaction should be considered extensively. This study aims to evaluate the effect of learning style and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) on satisfaction of e-Learning in dental student. Method: Electronic questionnaires were sent to 85 fifth and sixth-year students who had passed the face-to-face orthodontics course in the previous semester and were studying online orthodontics at the time of this study. Three questionnaires were used including Soloman and Felder learning styles index, General self-efficacy questionnaire and Satisfaction questionnaire for online education. Results: The results of the reliability test showed that Cronbach’s alpha index for the self-efficacy and satisfaction questionnaire was 0.836 and 0.96, respectively. The correlation between satisfaction and the dimensions of learning style showed that the active dimension of processing information had a significant relationship with the level of satisfaction. In the understanding dimension, a relatively strong correlation was observed in the Global dimension. Moderate significant relationship between the total score of self-efficacy and the level of satisfaction has been found. Conclusion: The results of the present study highlight the necessity of more studies regarding defining effective on student satisfaction during e-Learning. GSES and active learning style in the processing dimension and global learning style in the understanding dimension affect students' satisfaction.
Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Deficiency Systemically Induces Excessive Autophagy in Zebrafish
Authors: Shiraishi Hiroshi , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Tsumori Mika , Kiyota Kyoko , Maeda Miwako , Ishitani Tohru , Hanada Reiko , Ihara Kenji , Hanada Toshikatsu , Inoue Masanori , Miyahara Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) is an enzyme that catalyses the ligation of leucine with leucine tRNA. LARS is also essential to sensitize the intracellular leucine concentration to the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. Biallelic mutation in the LARS gene causes infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1), which is characterized by acute liver failure, anaemia, and neurological disorders, including microcephaly and seizures. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ILFS1 under LARS deficiency has been elusive. Here, we generated Lars deficient (larsb-/-) zebrafish that showed progressive liver failure and anaemia, resulting in early lethality within 12 days post fertilization. The atg5-morpholino knockdown and bafilomycin treatment partially improved the size of the liver and survival rate in larsb-/- zebrafish. These findings indicate the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of larsb-/- zebrafish. Indeed, excessive autophagy activation was observed in larsb-/- zebrafish. Therefore, our data clarify a mechanistic link between LARS and autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, autophagy regulation by LARS could lead to development of new therapeutics for IFLS1.
Radioactive Iodine and Female Fertility, Less Innocent Than we Thought
Authors: Navarro Pino , Rocher Sandra , Miró Pau , Oltra Sandra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Radioactive iodine (I131) is used after surgery in the treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC). There is no solid evidence about the potential deleterious effect of I131 on women fertility. The objective of this study is to assess the impact that I131 may have on fertility in women. All women followed by DTC in our department have been analyzed and women younger than 45 years old at the time of diagnosis and initial treatment were included. There were 40 women exposed to I131 (study group) and 11 women who were only treated with thyroidectomy (control group). Of the women exposed to I131, 40% went through early menopause, while no cases were reported among their controls. Furthermore, 29.2% of women exposed to I131 had decreased Antimüllerian Hormone (AMH), compared to the only 11% of unexposed women (not significant). Regarding the fertility impairment "perceived" by patients, in the group of women exposed to iodine, 17.9% described being unable to complete their genesic desire whereas, none was registered in the control group. We conclude that radioactive iodine can affect a woman's fertility and shorten her reproductive life, so this is an aspect that should be taken into consideration.
Label-Free High-Throughput Screening Assay for the Identification of Norepinephrine Transporter (NET / SLC6A2) Inhibitors
Authors: Sijben Hubert , Oostveen Wieke van , Hartog Peter , Stucchi Laura , Maresca Giovanna , Scarabottolo Lia , IJzerman Adriaan , Heitman Laura 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The human norepinephrine transporter (NET) is an established drug target for a wide range of neurological disorders. Conventional methods that are used to functionally characterize NET inhibitors are based on the use of radiolabeled or fluorescent substrates. These methods are highly informative, but pose limitations to either high-throughput screening (HTS) adaptation or physiologically accurate representation of the endogenous uptake events. Recently, we developed a label-free functional assay based on the activation of G protein-coupled receptors by a transported substrate, termed the TRACT assay. In this study, the TRACT assay technology was applied to NET inducibly expressed in a modified HEK293-JumpIn cell line. Three endogenous substrates of NET – norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP) – were each assessed in characterization of the reference NET inhibitor nisoxetine. The resulting assay, using NE as a substrate, was validated in a manual HTS set-up with a Z’ = 0.55. The inhibitory potencies of several reported NET inhibitors from the TRACT assay showed positive correlation with those from an established fluorescent substrate uptake assay. These findings demonstrate the suitability of the TRACT assay for HTS characterization and screening of NET inhibitors and provide a basis for investigation of other solute carrier transporters with label-free biosensors.
LISA VS. INSURE_Which One is Appropriate? -A Cohort Study of PS Administration Technology in Preterm RDS in Multicenter of Anhui Province
Authors: Song Feifei , Zhang Lan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary surfactant(PS) replacement therapy is well known as a necessary method to preterm respiratory distress syndrome(RDS). INSURE technique bring up injury of trachea and high incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), while less invasive surfactant administration(LISA) caught increasingly attention. Objective: Compare the outcomes and side effect between LISA group and INSURE group. Methods: We collected 20 cases from eight neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Anhui Province in China for LISA group and 36 cases from the first Hospital Affiliated of USTC for INSURE group, and the outcomes and side effect were analyzed. Results: Re-intubation rate(20% vs 22.2%) and the incidence of BPD(40% vs 47.2%) in LISA group were lower than those in INSURE group, but there were no statistical differences. The mortality in two group show no diffrence. Conclusion: LISA technique can decrease the re-intubation rate and BPD incidence without increasing mortality.
TLR7&nbsp;Is Expressed by Support Cells, but Not Sensory Neurons, in Ganglia&nbsp;
Authors: Proskocil Becky J. , Wai Karol , Lebold Katherine M. , Norgard Mason , Michaelis Katherine A , Marks Daniel L. , Fryer Allison D. , Jacoby David B. , Drake Matthew Georgenson 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an innate immune receptor that detects viral single-stranded RNA and triggers production of proinflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferons in immune cells. TLR7 agonists also modulate sensory nerve function by increasing neuronal excitability, although studies are conflicting whether sensory neurons specifically express TLR7. This uncertainty has confounded development of a mechanistic understanding of TLR7 function in nervous tissues.Methods: TLR7 expression was tested using in situ hybridization with species-specific RNA probes in vagal and dorsal root sensory ganglia in wild-type and TLR7 knockout mice, and in guinea pigs. In situ labeling was compared to immunohistochemistry using TLR7 antibody probes. Pulmonary afferent neurons in vagal ganglia were also specifically tested since respiratory viruses are a common TLR7 ligand. Guinea pig vagal afferents were labeled by intranasal instillation of wheat germ agglutinin, isolated using flow cytometry and analyzed for TLR7 by RT-PCR. The effects of influenza A infection on TLR7 expression in sensory ganglia and in spleen were also assessed.Results: In situ probes detected TLR7 in the spleens and in small support cells adjacent to sensory neurons in dorsal root and vagal ganglia in wild type mice and guinea pig, but not in TLR7 KO mice. TLR7 was co-expressed with the macrophage and satellite glial cell marker Iba1, but was absent in sensory nerves in vagal and dorsal root ganglia in both mice and guinea pigs. In contrast, a TLR7 antibody labeled small and medium-sized neurons in wild-type and TLR7 KO mice in a TLR7-independent manner. Wheat germ agglutinin-positive cells sorted by flow cytometry expressed both TLR7 and Iba1, indicating that TLR7-expressing support cells sort alongside neurons despite ganglia dissociation. Influenza A infection caused significant weight loss and upregulation of TLR7 in spleens, but not in vagal ganglia, in mice.Conclusion: TLR7 is expressed by macrophages and satellite glial cells, but not neurons in sensory ganglia suggesting TLR7’s neuromodulatory effects are mediated indirectly via activation of neuronally-associated support cells, not through activation of neurons directly. Our data also suggest TLR7’s role in neuronal tissues is not primarily related to antiviral immunity.
Categorization of Common Pigmented Skin Lesions (CPSL) using Multi-Deep Features and Support Vector Machine
Authors: BEHERA SANTI , SETHY PRABIRA 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The skin is the main organ. It is approximately 8 pounds for the average adult. Our skin is a truly wonderful organ. It isolates us and shields our bodies from hazards. However, the skin is also vulnerable to damage and distracted from its original appearance; brown, black, or blue, or combinations of those colors, known as pigmented skin lesions. These common pigmented skin lesions (CPSL) are the leading factor of skin cancer, or can say these are the primary causes of skin cancer. In the healthcare sector, the categorization of CPSL is the main problem because of inaccurate outputs, overfitting, and higher computational costs. Hence, we proposed a classification model based on multi-deep feature and support vector machine (SVM) for the classification of CPSL. The proposed system comprises two phases: first, evaluate the 11 CNN model's performance in the deep feature extraction approach with SVM. Then, concatenate the top performed three CNN model's deep features and with the help of SVM to categorize the CPSL. In the second step, 8192 and 12288 features are obtained by combining binary and triple networks of 4096 features from the top performed CNN model. These features are also given to the SVM classifiers. The SVM results are also evaluated with principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to the combined feature of 8192 and 12288. The highest results are obtained with 12288 features. The experimentation results, the combination of the deep feature of Alexnet, VGG16 & VGG19, achieved the highest accuracy of 91.7% using SVM classifier. As a result, the results show that the proposed methods are a useful tool for CPSL classification.
Secular Crustal Deformation Characteristics Prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake of Mw 9.1 Detected from IGS Array, 2002-2011
Authors: Xu Keke , He Rong , Li Kezhao , Ren Ankang , Jiang Siyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to reveal the secular deformation evolution and strain accumulation progress along subduction zone, we focus on high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) data processing, GPS time series analysis and regional spatiotemporal filtering. The GPS position time series is modeled as a combination of the long-term plate movements, short-term noise and the frequency-dependent variations and tectonic deformation information. Common Mode Errors (CME) is removed and the deformation signals is then extracted from the residual time series by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Combing the filtered displacement array and the dynamic regional strain array derived from GPS baseline, a spatiotemporal tectonic evolution map is exhibited obviously. We process IGS time series over the 2002-2011 period in Japan island and reveal the dynamic evolution of crustal deformation along subduction zone. The results show that the regional reference frame transformation by constraining one site location and one stable GPS baseline direction can further improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of GPS observations. A integrated analysis combining the baseline length with azimuth change can show the crustal motion feature more comprehensively. The observed behaviors agree well with the simulation experiment results of the rock rupture in the laboratory. We divide the pre-seismic deformation into four stages, the stable linear strain accumulation stage, the formation stage of the local locked area, local decoupling stage, and strain release stage. We also give an appropriate dynamical model for the interplate coupling to explain the observed deformation characteristics. Research result provides some of the observational new evidence for inter-seismic deformation anomaly detection and the medium- to longer-term seismic hazard assessments.
Palatal Bone Thickness of MSE Implantation area in Adult Patients with Skeletal Class Ⅲ Malocclusion: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Chen Weiting , Zhang Kaili , Liu Dongxu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Analyze the palatal bone thickness of maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) implantation area in adult patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion based on Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, and to provide a reference for the implantation of the miniscrew.Methods: A total of 80 adult patients (40 M, 40 F) with an normal angle before treatment were divided into two groups; skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion group and skeletal Ⅰ malocclusion group according to sagittal facial type, with 40 patients in each group, with a male to female ratio of 1: 1. CBCT scanner was used to obtain DICOM data from all patients.The palatal bone thickness was measured at 45 sites with MIMICS 21.0 and SPSS 22.0 was employed for statistical analysis. The bone thickness of different regions of the palate in the same group was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method; Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD)-t method was used for comparison in pairs, and an independent sample t-test was employed to test the difference of bone thickness in the same area between the two groups.Results: (1) There was no significant difference among the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the midline area in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion (P > 0.05). Palatal bone thickness decreased gradually from front to back in the middle and lateral areas in both groups (P < 0.001). (2) The bone thickness of the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the two groups gradually decreased from the middle area to the parapalatine region. (3) The palatal bone were significant thinner in the area 9.0 mm before the transverse palatine suture in midline area, 9.0 mm before and after the transverse palatine suture in the middle area, and 9.0 mm after the transverse palatine suture in the lateral area.Conclusion: (1) The palatal bone of patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion was thinner in some areas, so the MSE implant anchorage position could be moved forward appropriately. (2) The thin palatal bone increased the risk of MSE anchorage screw penetrating nasal mucosa and even inferior turbinate. Patients should be given a more precise and personalized implantation scheme based on factors such as palatine bone thickness and palatal morphology.
Augmented Rehabilitation Program for Young Patients Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Negm Ahmed , Yavarai Milad , Jhangri Gian , Haennel Robert , Jones Allyson 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe increase rate seen in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) for younger patients has implications for future rehabilitation demands for primary and revision THA surgery. This study aims to determine the impact of a 6-week post-operative rehabilitation program designed for THA patients ≤ 60 years on physical activity (PA) and function compared to age- and a sex-matched control group received usual postoperative care at 12-week post-THA. MethodsIn this quasi-experimental study, a cohort of THA candidates was recruited during their 6-week postoperative visit to their surgeons. The out-patient rehabilitation program consisted of 12 structured exercise classes (2 hrs/class) over 6 weeks. Physical activity was assessed using Sense Wear Pro ArmbandTM [SWA]. Participants completed the Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and THA satisfaction questionnaire before and immediately after the intervention. ResultsThe intervention group took significantly more steps/day at the follow-up compared to baseline. The intervention group had a higher mean change in the number of weekly PA bouts than the control group. Within the intervention groups, all HOOS subscales were significantly higher at the follow-up compared to baseline. ConclusionThe augmented rehabilitation program may have immediate effects on pain relief and symptom reduction for patients (≤60 years) following THA.
Comparison of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Identifies Gene Products Guiding Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Differentiation in Birds
Authors: Voukali Eleni , Veetil Nithya Kuttiyarthu , Němec Pavel , Stopka Pavel , Vinkler Michal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins regulate neurogenesis, brain homeostasis and participate in signalling during neuroinflammation. Even though birds represent valuable models for constitutive adult neurogenesis, current proteomic studies of the avian CSF are limited to chicken embryos. Here we use liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to explore the proteomic composition of CSF and plasma in adult chickens (Gallus gallus) and evolutionarily derived parrots: budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). Because cockatiel lacks a complete genome information, we compared the cross-species protein identifications using the reference proteomes of three model avian species: chicken, budgerigar and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and found the highest identification rates when mapping against the phylogenetically closest species, the budgerigar. In total, we identified 483, 641 and 458 unique proteins consistently represented in the CSF and plasma of all chicken, budgerigar and cockatiel conspecifics, respectively. Comparative pathways analyses of CSF and blood plasma then indicated clusters of proteins involved in neurogenesis, neural development and neural differentiation overrepresented in CSF in each species. This study provides the first insight into the proteomics of adult avian CSF and plasma and brings novel evidence supporting the adult neurogenesis in birds.
Blocking the EGFR/p38/NF-κB Signal Pathway Alleviates Disruption of BSCB and Subsequent Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Zai-Wang , Zhao Jing-Jing , Li Su-Ya , Cao Ting-Ting , Wang Yi , Guo Yi , Xi Guang-Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation may play an important role in blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption and secondary injury after SCI as it is significantly upregulated in the astrocytes (AS) and microvascular endothelial cells (MEC), which are the main component of cells in BSCB. EGFR inhibition alleviates the disruption of BSCB and improves the functional recovery in rats following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the biological mechanisms underlying EGFR activation mediating secondary damage after SCI remain unclear. Methods:An in vitro model of Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced BSCB damage and in vivo rat SCI model was employed to define the role of EGFR activation and its induced inflammatory injury during this pathological process in AS and MEC. AS and MEC were exposed to EGFR or p38 MAPK up-regulation in the presence and absence of EGFR inhibitor, p38 MAPK inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor, and/or appropriate shRNA. RT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting were used for mRNA and protein expression analyses of TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and IL-1β. Immunohistochemical staining and confocal microscopy were used to demonstrate cellular EGFR activation and to investigate the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein (ZO-1 and occludin). Measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transendothelial FITC-dextran permeability were used to measure permeability of BSCB in vitro, while Evans blue dye extravasation test and evaluation spinal cord edema were used to detect permeability of BSCB in vivo.Results:The expression of pEGFR was significantly increased in BSCB component cells (AS and MEC) after SCI and BSCB damage model. EGFR activation induced inflammation injury by upregulating the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β and BSCB disruption with loss of TJ protein by downregulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in BSCB damage model and SCI rats. Moreover, EGFR or p38 activation leads to NF-κB nuclear translocation in primary AS and MEC after OGD/R. The EGFR inhibitor as well as shRNA against EGFR markedly attenuated pro-inflammatory factor excessive producing and loss of TJ protein, and activation of the EGFR/p38/NF-κB pathway. While, EGFR overexpression significantly increased the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β and decrease the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inducing activation of the EGFR/p38/NF-κB pathway in both AS and MEC. Conclusion:This study strongly suggests that EGFR activation in BSCB component cells after SCI and BSCB damage model mediates both upregulation of pro-inflammation expression and downregulation of TJ protein downregulation via the EGFR/p38/NF-κB pathway. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying BSCB disruption and secondary injury following SCI mediating by EGFR activation.