bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 40th Volume, Formulation, Application and Adjuvant Innovation
Authors: Elsik Curtis M. 
Published: November 2020

Description
The peer-reviewed papers in this special issue are a result of the 40th anniversary of the annual ASTM symposium for the pesticides industry.
Twelve chapters address various aspects of technologies and methods that support the formulation and application of agrochemical products. You’ll get the latest expert research on
Origami based ultraviolet C device for low cost portable disinfection- using a parametric approach to design
Authors: Ghosh Samriddho , Ghosh Mainak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms can be present in common equipment of practice, which spread Healthcare-associated infections (HALs), generating major health issues, not only in the hospital environment but outside as well. Especially in this impending crisis due to SARS CoV-19 virus, disinfection (in general) turns out to be of paramount importance and portable disinfection in particular. The rampant spread of the COVID 19 virus, has pushed thinkers to come up with unique disinfection solutions that can help curb the spread of the virus in other places other than the medical facilities. The article aims to establish a design of a portable ultraviolet c disinfectant device that is based on the core principles of origami- the ancient Japanese art of paper folding. Resorting to origami has helped to make the device ultra-portable, robust and can be easily manufactured in order to be commercially produced as an inexpensive alternative to the cost portable disinfection devices in the market.
Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in ENT outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Srinivasa Jyothsnya , Rajendran Vijaya , Nadig Pratibha , Swamy Shubhatara 
Published: November 2020

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly used and misused of all drugs. Patterns of antibiotic resistance widely follows local patterns of antibiotic prescribing and usage. Periodic data collection and analysis of antibiotic prescriptions at regional level are essential to understand and combat antibiotic resistance. Objective of the study was to study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study of prescribing pattern of antibiotics was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology. Data of antibiotic utilization in outpatient department was collected through duplicate copies of the prescriptions. The data obtained was analyzed and the conclusions were drawn using descriptive analysis.Results: A total of 606 prescriptions were collected and analyzed during the study. Average number of antibiotics prescribed per prescription was 1.24 most of the antibiotics were prescribed for a duration of 1 to 5 days. Commonly prescribed antibiotic class was penicillin (48.1%) followed by quinolone (18.3%). Most of the antibiotics were prescribed by their brand names (98.8%).Conclusions: The present study highlights the wide use of extended spectrum antibiotics, along with brand names for prescribing. Interventions for prescribing of generic drugs from the essential drug list needs to be encouraged among physicians.
Perceived stressors and coping mechanisms among intern doctors and residents in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Joshi Amey , Jayaprakash Akshaya , C. Pradeep 
Published: November 2020

Background: The high prevalence of stress amongst health care professionals is resulting in burnout and decline in quality of patient care. Intern doctors and residents are expected to adapt, improvise and overcome these stressors in an effective manner to optimize their productivity and ensure the best standard of care. This study aims to outline the stress profile as perceived by intern doctors and residents and to explore methods employed to cope with work place stress.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken among 60 Intern doctors and 60 Residents in a Tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India in 2018. Socio-demographic details and perceived stress was evaluated by questionnaires and Cohen’s perceived stress scale (PSS). Data obtained was entered and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and results were presented using frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to test significance of various factors and their relation to stress.Results: Total 78.3% of intern doctors and 75% of residents reported to be stressed. The mean PSS score among intern doctors was 18.42±4.18 and 19±4 among residents. With the exception of sleep duration, no significant association was found between stress and socio-demographic or behavioral factors. Excessive work load was the leading cause of Stress was reported by 78.3% and 75% of Intern and resident doctors respectively. 33.3% of residents resorted to unhealthy coping mechanisms to stress as against 8% in Interns. 18.3% of intern doctors were unaware of means to cope with stress. Conclusions: Effective stress management techniques and healthy sleep habits must be encouraged amongst Intern and Resident doctors to enable them to adapt to the dynamic and demanding lifestyle of the medical profession.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 lock-down on college students across India- a cross sectional study
Authors: R. Sreesupria P. , P. Mekhala K. , K. Kishore Kumar , M. Aarthi , M. Gautam 
Published: November 2020

Background: Following the COVID-19 outbreak, Indian Government has imposed lock-down to contain its spread. This has resulted in psychological distress in people. College students, known to have an active social life, are also vulnerable to this. Objectives were to assess the prevalence and severity of core symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in college students across India during the Lock-down; to estimate the impact of lock-down on time spent on their routine activities, domestic violence, eating habits and sleep pattern; to analyze the impact of various factors and the mental health status.Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire also containing the 21 items of depression anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS21) was circulated through social media. College students from different states across India participated. Study period was from April 2020 to May 2020. The responses collected were analyzed using chi squared test and logistic regression. Results: Total 53.1%, 37.2% and 24.3% had symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress respectively, with varying severities (N=727). Significant associations of the negative emotional states with decreased time spent with their family and friends and its effects; increased incidence of domestic violence; increased sleep duration; disturbed sleep; financial crisis, etc. were found (p value<0.05).Conclusions: COVID-19 is building psychological distress among vulnerable college students, as they are forced to stay home, along with worsening financial situations, lifestyle changes, family situations and time spent on various activities. Psychological interventions are recommended.
Using the GNU Octave system to process data coming in over the network
Authors: Заяц A.М. , Хабаров С.П. 
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрен подход к построению в среде OMNeT++ с использованием фреймворка INET расширенных моделей беспроводных сетей, позволяющих проводить исследование затрат энергии на каждом из узлов сети в процессе их сетевой работы и учитывать особенности сетевого взаимодействия узлов в условиях их мобильности. Показана возможность организации связи между двумя беспроводными узлами, находящимися вне зоны прямой радиодоступности, через ряд промежуточных узлов.
An approach to building in the OMNeT ++ environment using the INET framework of advanced models of wireless networks is considered, which makes it possible to study both the energy costs of each of the network nodes during their network operation and take into account the features of network interaction of nodes in the conditions of their mobility. The possibility of organizing communication between two wireless nodes located outside the direct radio accessibility zone through a series of intermediate nodes is shown.
Spatio-temporal analysis of drought variability in central Ethiopia
Authors: Yirga Solomon Abirdew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drought is a major problem in Ethiopia and particularly affects the agricultural and water sectors. This paper aims to assess the spatial and temporal drought variability of central Ethiopia. For this purpose, archival rainfall data recorded from 1989 to 2017 and the Gurage zone topographic maps were used. The five stations’ Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were combined with the geographical information system (GIS) to analyze the spatial distribution of drought events. The results show that a total number of 41 drought events were recorded in the region. The number of drought events reaches its maximum value in the year 1992, whereas Bui and Koshe contain the most frequent drought events. The spatial analysis of droughts verifies that most of the frequent and extreme events are recorded in the eastern part of the region. The lowland part of Gurage zone is very prone to drought. The grounded spatio-temporal drought risk events analysis has shown a possible threat to the water and rain-fed farming that has a cascading effect on the livelihoods of farmers. Moreover, the drought condition of the region is unpredictable and recurrent. This study recommends further study containing remaining statistical drought indices such as reconnaissance drought and streamflow drought index.
Radio Resource Allocation Improvements in Cognitive Radio Sensor Network for Smart Grid: Investigative Study and Solutions
Authors: Ogbodo Emmanuel U. , Dorrell David G. , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
A cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN)-based Smart Grid (SG) is a new paradigm for a modern
SG. It is totally different from the traditional power grid and conventional SG. Currently, an SG uses a static resource
allocation technique to allocate resources to sensor nodes in the SG network. Static resource allocation is not efficient due
to the heterogeneous nature of CRSN-based SGs. Hence, an appropriate mechanism such as dynamic radio resource
allocation (RRA) is required for efficient resource allocation in CRSNs for SGs.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to investigate and propose suitable dynamic RRA for efficient resource allocation
in CRSNs-based SGs. This involves a proposal for appropriate strategy that will address poor throughput and excessive
errors in resource allocation.

Methods:
In this paper, the dynamic RRA approach is used to allocate resources such as frequency, energy, channels and
spectrum to the sensor nodes. This is because of the heterogeneity in a CRSN which differs for SG applications. The
dynamic RRA approach is based on optimization of resource allocation criteria such as energy efficiency, throughput
maximization, QoS guarantee, etc. The methods include an introduced model called “guaranteed network connectivity
channel allocation for throughput maximization” (GNC-TM). Also used, is an optimal spectrum-band determination in
RRA for improved throughput.

Results:
The results show that the model outperforms the existing protocol of channel allocation in
terms of throughput and error probability.

Conclusion:
This study explores RRA schemes for CRSNs for SGs. The paper proposed a GNC-TM model, including
demonstration of suitable spectrum band operation in CRSNs for SGs.
Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19
Authors: Verma Ravindra , Misra Vaibhav , Tiwari Dileep , Bisen Prakash S 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Many environmental risk factors are associated with some form of chronic inflammation. The
spread of COVID-19 across the world has impacted every one of us. The first case of coronavirus was reported on 30
January 2020 in India originating from China.

Study Area:
India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its high immunity and climatic
conditions. Maintaining social distancing and hand washing is not a sufficient step for preventing COVID-19. Indian system
of traditional medicine has a potential worth to enhance immunity, which can resist a novel coronavirus.

Material & Methods:
A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed,
SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with
high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiologic studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions also considered for study purposes.

Results:
Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease.

Discussion:
Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the
proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions needs to verify in clinical trials. Researchers must have to take the
privilege to explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics of environmental threats.
Exploring Attitudes and Experiences of People With Knee Osteoarthritis Toward a Self-Directed eHealth Intervention to Support Exercise: Qualitative Study
Authors: Nelligan Rachel K , Hinman Rana S , Teo Pek Ling , Bennell Kim L 
Published: November 2020

Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition. Exercise is a recommended treatment because of its effectiveness at improving pain and function. However, exercise is underutilized in OA management. Difficulty accessing health care has been identified as a key barrier to exercise uptake. Innovative and scalable methods of delivering exercise treatments to people with knee OA are needed. We developed a self-directed eHealth intervention to enable and encourage exercise participation. The effectiveness of this intervention on pain and function in people with knee OA is being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the attitudes and experiences of people with knee OA who accessed the self-directed eHealth intervention and the features perceived as useful to facilitate self-directed exercise.

Methods
This was a qualitative study embedded within a randomized controlled trial. Individual, semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 16 people with knee OA who had accessed a 24-week eHealth intervention (website and behavior change SMS program) designed to support exercise participation. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.

Results
Five themes arose: (1) technology easy to use and follow (website ease of use, SMS ease of use), (2) facilitators to exercise participation (credible OA and exercise information, website features, prescribed exercises simple to do unsupervised, freedom to adapt the exercise to suit needs, influence of other health care experiences), (3) sense of support and accountability (SMS good reminder and prompt, accountable, SMS tone and automation could trigger negative emotions [eg, guilt or shame], inability to contact someone when needed), (4) positive outcomes (knee symptom improvements, confidence to self-manage, encouraged active living), (5) suggestions for real-world application (provided by a health professional preferred, should be provided at subsidized or low out-of-pocket cost).

Conclusions
People with knee OA had mostly positive experiences with and attitudes towards the use of an eHealth intervention that supported exercise participation independent of a health professional. A human connection associated with the eHealth intervention appeared important.
Perception of Game-Based Rehabilitation in Upper Limb Prosthetic Training: Survey of Users and Researchers
Authors: Garske Christian Alexander , Dyson Matthew , Dupan Sigrid , Nazarpour Kianoush 
Published: November 2020

Background
Serious games have been investigated for their use in multiple forms of rehabilitation for decades. The rising trend to use games for physical fitness in more recent years has also provided more options and garnered more interest for their use in physical rehabilitation and motor learning. In this study, we report the results of an opinion survey of serious games in upper limb prosthetic training.

Objective
This study investigates and contrasts the expectations and preferences for game-based prosthetic rehabilitation of people with limb difference and researchers.

Methods
Both participant groups answered open and closed questions as well as a questionnaire to assess their user types. The distribution of the user types was compared with a Pearson chi-square test against a sample population. The data were analyzed using the thematic framework method; answers fell within the themes of usability, training, and game design. Researchers shared their views on current challenges and what could be done to tackle these.

Results
A total of 14 people with limb difference and 12 researchers participated in this survey. The open questions resulted in an overview of the different views on prosthetic training games between the groups. The user types of people with limb difference and researchers were both significantly different from the sample population, with χ25=12.3 and χ25=26.5, respectively.

Conclusions
We found that the respondents not only showed a general willingness and tentative optimism toward the topic but also acknowledged hurdles limiting the adoption of these games by both clinics and users. The results indicate a noteworthy difference between researchers and people with limb difference in their game preferences, which could lead to design choices that do not represent the target audience. Furthermore, focus on long-term in-home experiments is expected to shed more light on the validity of games in upper limb prosthetic rehabilitation.
KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA TANAH ULTISOL AKIBAT PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Supriadi Supriadi , Harahap Fitra Sawal , Wicaksono Makruf 
Published: November 2020

The physical characteristics of ultisols due to the provision of biochar made from palm oil plant residue aims to determine the effect of giving various biochar made from oil palm plant residues on the physical properties of Ultisols. The research design used completely randomized design, consisting of 5 treatments, namely K = without giving biochar, BB = oil palm stem biochar, BP = oil palm frond biochar, BT = oil palm empty bunches biochar and BK = combination of biochar ingredients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so that the number of experimental units became 20 units. The parameters observed included soil density, soil porosity, soil texture, soil permeability and available water. The results showed that giving biochar significantly decreased the bulk weight and significantly increased the soil porosity of Ultisols.Key words : biochar, oil palm wastes, physical properties of soil and ultisol
Epidemiological characteristics of congenital malformations in Ivanovo region
Authors: Жукова Т. П. , Седова Н.Б. , Зайцева Е.С. , Ратникова С.Ю. 
Published: November 2020

Врожденные пороки развития (ВПР) вносят существенный вклад в структуру детской заболеваемости, младенческой смертности и инвалидности. Сбор данных о врожденных аномалиях проводится согласно Европейскому стандарту в соответствии с международной классификацией болезней (МКБ-10). Анализ показал, что средняя частота ВПР в регионе за период 2000-2019 г.г. составила 35,05‰. Первое место среди ВПР в Ивановской области занимают ВПР сердца (27,8%), гипоспадия (18,1%) и синдром Дауна (18,1%). Все семьи, занесенные в регистр ВПР, приглашались для медико-генетического консультирования.
Congenital malformations make a significant contribution to the structure of child morbidity, infant mortality and disability. Data collection on congenital malformations was perfomed according to the European standard in accordance with the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). It was shown that the average frequency of congenital malformations in the region for the period 2000-2019 was 35.05‰. The first place among congenital malformations in Ivanovo oblast is occupied by congenital heart disease (27,8%), hypospadias (18,1%) and down syndrome (18,1%). All families registered in the register of congenital malformations were invited for medical and genetic consulting in order to conduct periconceptive prevention and to draw up a prenatal diagnosis plan.
An integrated approach to monitoring congenital malformations in the FMBA system of Russia
Authors: Ижевский П.В. , Никишин В.В. , Бондаренко Н.Л. , Шляпугина Н.А. 
Published: November 2020

Обобщен 20-летней опыт мониторинга частот рождения детей с врожденной патологией и предложен комплекс мер по сохранению репродуктивного здоровья населения получающего медицинскую помощь в учреждениях ФМБА России.
A 20-year experience of monitoring the birth rates of children with congenital pathology is summarized and a set of measures is proposed to preserve the reproductive health of the population receiving medical care in the institutions of the FMBA of Russia.
Oblygatory DNA-testing stage for improvement of neonatal screening and early diagnostics of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Одинокова О.Н. , Назаренко Л.П. , Сеитова Г.Н. 
Published: November 2020

Представлен усовершенствованный алгоритм скрининга новорожденных на муковисцидоз (МВ) с включением, наряду с традиционной схемой обследования, обязательного этапа ДНК-тестирования у новорожденных с высоким риском. Внедрённый подход обеспечил эффективную раннюю и точную диагностику заболевания у новорожденных. Встречаемость МВ в Томской области составила 1 случай на 5882 новорожденных. Установлены относительные частоты отдельных мутаций гена CFTR.
We present improvement algorithm of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF), in which oblygatory DNA-testing stage among CF-high risk newborns was incorporated alongside with traditional screening design. Such approach make it possible for early and accurate diagnostics of CF among newborns. CF frequency in Tomsk region was 1 in 5882 newborns. Allelic frequencies of the CFTR gene mutation were estimated.
Clinical and diagnostic features of infantile liver failure caused by TRMU gene mutations
Authors: Семенова Н.А. , Цыганкова П.Г. , Дадали Е.Л. , Строкова Т.В. , Таран Н.Н. , Кузьмичева И.А. , Куцев С.И. 
Published: November 2020

Мутации в гене TRMU, кодирующем одну из митохондриальных тРНК метилтрансфераз, были обнаружены при инфантильной гепатопатии, связанной с дефектом митохондриальной трансляции (OMIM#613070). Это заболевание является редким заболеванием с угрожающим жизни началом и во многих случаях с последующей спонтанной ремиссией. Своевременная диагностика и лечение таких больных имеют важное значение в клинической практике. В статье приводится описание пациента с печеночной недостаточностью, обусловленной мутациями в гене TRMU, и сравнение клинической картины с литературными данными.
Mutations in the TRMU gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase were found in infantile hepatopathy related to mitochondrial translation defect (OMIM# 613070). This condition is rare mitochondrial disorder with a life-threatening onset and with spontaneous remission, therefore a prompt diagnosis and treatment of these patients has importance in clinical practice. Here we describe a patient, with liver failure due to mutations in TRMU gene and compare with patients from literature.