bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inguinal hernia repair among Jordanian infants; A cohort study from a university based tertiary center
Authors: Khasawneh Wasim , Al-Ghzawi Fadia , Yusef Dawood , Altamimi Eyad , Saqan Rola 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical procedure performed in infants. Still, there is major debate about the optimal timing of performing this procedure. The goal of this review is to determine the incidence of inguinal hernia among our infant population in Jordan, review the current practice regarding the timing of repair, and identify the risk of incarceration and postoperative apnea. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of chart review of infants admitted with inguinal hernia in the period 2012–2016. Data collected about demographics, timing of diagnosis, timing of repair, exploration of contralateral side, incarceration, and postoperative apnea. RESULTS: A total of 272 infants were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. The overall incidence was 1.9%, compared with 11% among premature babies <32-week gestation. Half were term, and 23% less than 32-week gestation. Male to female ratio was 5 : 1. Of the 172 babies admitted to the neonatal ICU, only 19 cases (11%) were diagnosed during their NICU stay, and one case got repaired emergently. All cases were repaired by open herniorrhaphy. The median postconceptional age at time of repair was 49 weeks (IQR 45–55), and the median interval between diagnosis and repair was 8 days (IQR 1–17). Incarceration affected 9% and the main risk factor was >7-day delay in repair. Only one case developed apnea and required intubation postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach of elective inguinal hernia repair seems to be safe without increasing risk of complications like incarceration or postoperative apnea if performed within seven days following diagnosis.
Dedicated cone-beam breast CT using laterally-shifted detector geometry: Quantitative analysis of feasibility for clinical translation
Authors: Vedantham Srinivasan , Tseng Hsin-Wu , Konate Souleymane , Shi Linxi , Karellas Andrew 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: High-resolution, low-noise detectors with minimal dead-space at chest-wall could improve posterior coverage and microcalcification visibility in the dedicated cone-beam breast CT (CBBCT). However, the smaller field-of-view necessitates laterally-shifted detector geometry to enable optimizing the air-gap for x-ray scatter rejection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate laterally-shifted detector geometry for CBBCT with clinical projection datasets that provide for anatomical structures and lesions. METHODS: CBBCT projection datasets ( n = 17 breasts) acquired with a 40×30 cm detector (1024×768-pixels, 0.388-mm pixels) were truncated along the fan-angle to emulate 20.3×30 cm, 22.2×30 cm and 24.1×30 cm detector formats and correspond to 20, 120, 220 pixels overlap in conjugate views, respectively. Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm with 3 different weighting schemes were used for reconstruction. Visual analysis for artifacts and quantitative analysis of root-mean-squared-error (RMSE), absolute difference between truncated and 40×30 cm reconstructions ( Diff), and its power spectrum ( PS Diff) were performed. RESULTS: Artifacts were observed for 20.3×30 cm, but not for other formats. The 24.1×30 cm provided the best quantitative results with RMSE and Diff (both in units of μ, cm-1) of 4.39×10-3±1.98×10-3 and 4.95×10-4±1.34×10-4, respectively. The PS Diff (>0.3 cycles/mm) was in the order of 10-14 μ2mm3 and was spatial-frequency independent. CONCLUSIONS: Laterally-shifted detector CBBCT with at least 220 pixels overlap in conjugate views (24.1×30 cm detector format) provides quantitatively accurate and artifact-free image reconstruction.
Análise do controle de qualidade físico - químicas de detergentes
Authors: Gomes Fellype Diorgennes Cordeiro 
Published: April 2020

As necessidades e expectativas dos consumidores tem sido um grande desafio para as empresas, que vivem em um cenário cada vez mais competitivo. Por isso lançar um produto que tenha a aceitação do cliente é fundamental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar e estabelecer relações através dos parâmetros físico-químicos de detergentes, verificando seu ajustamento aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação sanitária. Foram coletadas 5 amostras de uma indústria localizada na Cidade de Campina Grande- PB, do produto e analisados o pH e a viscosidade cinemática, em triplicata, comparando-se os resultados junto as especificações previstas na Resolução nº 40/2008 da ANVISA. Os resultados indicaram que o pH e a viscosidade cinemática estava em conformidade a resolução, indicando que o produto pode ser adquiro sem prejudicar o consumidor.
Endothelium-Mimicking Multifunctional Coating Modified Cardiovascular Stents via a Stepwise Metal-Catechol-(Amine) Surface Engineering Strategy
Authors: Yang Ying , Gao Peng , Wang Juan , Tu Qiufen , Bai Long , Xiong Kaiqin , Qiu Hua , Zhao Xin , Maitz Manfred F. , Wang Huaiyu , Li Xiangyang , Zhao Qiang , Xiao Yin , Huang Nan , Yang Zhilu 
Published: April 2020

Stenting is currently the major therapeutic treatment for cardiovascular diseases. However, the nonbiogenic metal stents are inclined to trigger a cascade of cellular and molecular events including inflammatory response, thrombogenic reactions, smooth muscle cell hyperproliferation accompanied by the delayed arterial healing, and poor reendothelialization, thus leading to restenosis along with late stent thrombosis. To address prevalence critical problems, we present an endothelium-mimicking coating capable of rapid regeneration of a competently functioning new endothelial layer on stents through a stepwise metal (copper)-catechol-(amine) (MCA) surface chemistry strategy, leading to combinatorial endothelium-like functions with glutathione peroxidase-like catalytic activity and surface heparinization. Apart from the stable nitric oxide (NO) generating rate at the physiological level (

2.2
×

10

−
10

mol
/
c

m

2

/
min

lasting for 60 days), this proposed strategy could also generate abundant amine groups for allowing a high heparin conjugation efficacy up to ∼1
μ
g/cm
2
, which is considerably higher than most of the conventional heparinized surfaces. The resultant coating could create an ideal microenvironment for bringing in enhanced anti-thrombogenicity, anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation of smooth muscle cells, re-endothelialization by regulating relevant gene expressions, hence preventing restenosis in vivo. We envision that the stepwise MCA coating strategy would facilitate the surface endothelium-mimicking engineering of vascular stents and be therefore helpful in the clinic to reduce complications associated with stenosis.
The Arab Spring: The Hope and Reality of the Uprisings, 2nd ed. (Mark L. Haas and David W. Lesch (eds.))
Authors: Wani Nazar Ul Islam 
Published: April 2020

The Arab Spring was a series of protests which took place in Arab countries against longstanding dictatorial regimes, because of the latter’s inability or refusal to deliver socio-economic and political justice to the common 99 masses. Protests spread like fire and made an impact not only on the governance of the Arab world but also internationally, by involving big players like Russia and the United States of America. Yet these events were intensely complicated, with multiple actors and layers of history involved in each country. The book under review here is one prodigious effort to understand the Arab Spring, considering causes and effects of the uprisings. Structurally, the book is divided into two parts. The first part, consisting of seven chapters, deals with the uprisings in Arab countries; part two, consisting of six chapters, discusses the impact of the Arab Spring on the non-Arab world and their core interests related to the uprisings.
Research Handbook on Islamic Law and Society
Authors: Abdelgawwad Ossama 
Published: April 2020

The premise of the adaptability, flexibility, and compatibility of Islamic normative teachings (sharīʿa) to new social contexts is already documented by many scholars, including John Bowen’s On British Islam: Religion, Law, and Everyday Practice in Shari‘a Councils and Michael G. Peletz’s Islamic Modern: Religious Courts and Cultural Politics in Malaysia. Unlike those works, this textbook is organized by theme which provides a unique contribution to our understanding of the overall function of contemporary Islamic law. Such an approach shows that the ‘right’ answer in one country is not necessarily the ‘right’ solution in another Muslim community, which explains the diverse application of Islamic law. The book challenges Wael Hallaq’s observation that the modern codification of Islamic law resulted in the absence of hermeneutical possibilities or led to a single mode of judicial application. Perhaps Hallaq’s proposition is accurate if we examine the function of Islamic law in a specific country. Nevertheless, the book provides concrete examples of the administrative and interpretive techniques of ‘neo-ijtihād’ today.
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Modern problems of income and labor market distribution under inclusive growth
Authors: Shynkaruk Lidia , Vlasenko Yurii , Gerashcenko Vadym 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The current state of income distribution and the particularities of the labor market is a key indicator in identifying opportunities for ensuring the country’s economic development and macroeconomic stability as a necessary basis for inclusive growth. In Ukraine, against the backdrop of an unbalanced economy, high unemployment, gender inequality, social stratification and increasing income inequality, the labor market needs to change the development vector, taking into account the demands of inclusive economic growth.Purpose. The purpose of our article is to investigate the state of distribution of population incomes and labor market features through the prism of an inclusive approach to economic growth and to identify basic principles for overcoming labor market imbalances, as well as to explore the key priorities of the Europe 2020 economic growth strategy. Methods. Based on the analysis of scientific-theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of the labor market, income distribution, the essence of inclusive growth and international methods of assessment and calculation of the index of inclusive development, we applied a systematic approach using analytical, monographic, macroeconomic, economic and mathematical methods of studying this problem. Results. Today, in the labor market of Ukraine, there is a balanced demand for labor, which is reflected in a shortage of workers of specialties and excess supply of workers with higher education, and there is still unmet demand for vacancies, one of the reasons for the mismatch of requirements, the offered professions and the level of qualification available in employees. It is confirmed that the vector of inclusive development of the economy of Ukraine will help to overcome imbalances in the labor market, will become one of the factors of balanced development and will increase the standard of living of the population and reduce the income gap. Reducing the income gap as one of the main priorities of inclusive growth should be realized through improving the social policy of the state, ensuring structural transformations in the Ukrainian economy, establishing a real minimum wage and the size of the consumer basket, improving the monitoring of labor market forecasting and education the labor market in skilled labor and the expansion of opportunities for increasing the competitiveness of the workforce through the improvement of educational services. Discussion. The basic principles of inclusive development should be the principles of equal opportunities; the principle of justice for all; the principle of openness; the principle of inclusive solutions; the rule of law; the principle of inclusive democracy; principles of decent work and decent living standards; the principle of entrepreneurial activity for all; the principle of social cohesion; principle of being scientific. The subject of our further research is to identify the infrastructure functions of an inclusive labor market.
Probabalistic modelling of the results of economic activity as a function of random values
Authors: Martyniuk Olesya , Popina Stepan , Martyniuk Serhii 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Mathematical modeling of economic processes is necessary for the unambiguous formulation and solution of the problem. In the economic sphere this is the most important aspect of the activity of any enterprise, for which economic-mathematical modeling is the tool that allows to make adequate decisions. However, economic indicators that are factors of a model are usually random variables. An economic-mathematical model is proposed for calculating the probability distribution function of the result of economic activity on the basis of the known dependence of this result on factors influencing it and density of probability distribution of these factors.Methods. The formula was used to calculate the random variable probability distribution function, which is a function of other independent random variables. The method of estimation of basic numerical characteristics of the investigated functions of random variables is proposed: mathematical expectation that in the probabilistic sense is the average value of the result of functioning of the economic structure, as well as its variance. The upper bound of the variation of the effective feature is indicated. Results. The cases of linear and power functions of two independent variables are investigated. Different cases of two-dimensional domain of possible values of indicators, which are continuous random variables, are considered. The application of research results to production functions is considered. Examples of estimating the probability distribution function of a random variable are offered. Conclusions. The research results allow in the probabilistic sense to estimate the result of the economic structure activity on the basis of the probabilistic distributions of the values of the dependent variables. The prospect of further research is to apply indirect control over economic performance based on economic and mathematical modeling.
Knowledge economy in a self-learning organization
Authors: Dyakiv Olga , Shushpanov Dmytro , Poshelyuzhny Vadim 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Changing the priorities of forming the development strategy of modern business is to some extent related to the development of the knowledge economy based on the optimal combination of existing knowledge and the development of new one. The competitiveness of the organization in the market largely depends on the level of efficiency of investing in knowledge. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to knowledge management issues in Ukrainian organizations, which enhances the relevance of the chosen topic. Given this, the purpose of the article is to generalize approaches to the formation and development of a knowledge economy to provide opportunities for realizing the values оf a self-learning organization.Methods. To achieve this goal and perform certain tasks, modern research methods are used, in particular: historical and logical analysis − to reveal the process of formation and development of the knowledge economy; system analysis − to determine the essence of the basic categories; analysis and synthesis − to study the existing system of knowledge economy; peer review and index method − to evaluate the model of a self-learning organization. Results. The provisions and conclusions of the article are related to an important scientific and practical problem bound to the development of a system of measures aimed at developing the organization’s ability to develop the competencies of its employees, the ability to timely produce, accumulate and efficiently apply new knowledge of employees in the process of manufacturing an innovative product. It is proved that in the conditions of the knowledge economy, the study of the processes of creation and development of knowledge, due to which the organization receives a significant competitive advantage in the market, is relevant. The problems that inhibit the development of the knowledge economy in Ukraine are identified and ways to solve them are outlined. The results of a sociological study conducted among «MagneticOne» employees are presented and analyzed to assess the availability and prospects of expanding innovative forms and methods of knowledge management in domestic IT companies. Based on this, recommendations were made on the frequency of educational events at IT companies, which contribute to the self-development of employees and the improvement of the effective construction of internal communications. It is established that new knowledge is the intellectual basis of the management and functioning of the organization, the most important component of the formation of intellectual capital. Knowledge is the result of the creative work of people, with the help of which the company forms its values аnd develops. Prospects. Considering the relevance of this topic and the existing scientific achievements, it is advisable to deepen research in the field of society’s transition to a knowledge economy, increase the innovative activity of a self-learning organization.
Improvement of control of construction and installation works
Authors: Osmyatchenko Volodymyr , Pinchuk Kateryna 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Effective activity in the construction of business entities enhances competitiveness and enhances their ability to reproduce production and economic activity on an innovative basis. At the same time, mistakes and abuse during the recording of construction operations cause not only a distorted idea of the scale and results of construction activity, but also cause losses and penalties for violations detected by the control bodies. Effectively adjusted control of construction works is the basis for making economically sound investment-innovation and management decisions. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the control of construction work in the construction or improvement of fixed assets need improvement. The purpose of the article is to critically analyze the existing problems of control of economic operations in the construction process and to improve the assets of fixed assets and to improve the order of control of construction works. Method (methodology). In the course of the research the following methods were used: dialectical, generalization, comparison, system analysis, observation of economic activity, graphic, etc. Results. The essence of control as one of the control functions is considered. It is justified that control is a system of observation and verification of the process of functioning and the actual state of the control object in order to make effective management decisions. It is proved that the method of control of construction works depends on the organizational and economic forms of the process of construction production, a large number of participants having different functional goals and tasks, and also depending on the process of construction production on the natural conditions. The peculiarities of control of BIS operations carried out in a contractual, economic and mixed way are considered. It is substantiated that to prevent violations in construction requires a systematic approach to the implementation of interrelated accounting and control procedures for investing in contracting and business methods of organization of construction, especially in the conditions of functioning of information networks for accounting purposes. It is determined that by eliminating contradictions and strengthening the consistency between accounting and control work will increase the reasonableness of prices for construction products, will solve a number of problems related to the correctness of displaying the initial cost of objects after their completion, refurbishment and reconstruction, increase reliability and the quality of the fixed assets that have been invested, and the financial discipline in the investment and construction sector. The problems of construction and installation work control in building and the suggested recommendations for their solution provide the basis and prospects for further research in the field of improvement of accounting, analysis and control of the activity of construction enterprises.
Problems of accounting and reporting of intangible assets through accounting methods
Authors: Yasyshena Valentyna 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Constant changes in the economy require the development of a system of accounting, which requires constant improvement of its methodology. Nowadays, the companies’ value growth is due to the increase in the share of intangible assets. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct research that will highlight the problems of accounting and reporting of such assets of the enterprise through the accounting methods and outline ways to solve them. Objective. The paper aims at studying the methods of accounting, disclosure of their nature, determining the impact on accounting and the formation of reporting indicators in the IAs and goodwill in accordance with the requirements of the applicable law. Methods. The research methodology is based on the study of the state of the statutory regulation of accounting of intangible assets through a critical analysis of the content of normative documents. The identification of problematic issues was determined through a quick survey and questionnaire of the chief accountants of the companies’chief accountants. Methods of comparison and grouping were used at all stages of the study, and the results were summarized at the final stage.Results. It is stated that the it is necessary to consider all methods that contribute to the accounting development but not only the specific ones. A simulation method will allow to build accounting models to represent and use elements of the method of accounting in current accounting, educational and scientific processes, as well as well as to fulfil plans and set accounting estimates. The necessity of development of new methodological recommendations for documentary provision of primary accounting of intangible assets of all types with generalization and improvement of existing forms of primary documents is substantiated. It is substantiated that the inventory should take into account the characteristics and nature of certain types of intangible assets to determine the approach to verification. The necessity of choosing a prudent approach to the revaluation of intangible assets at fair value and the appropriateness of the cost model in many cases is disclosed. The necessity of elaboration of Methodological recommendations for the formation of the cost of intangible assets in the context of calculation items for enterprises of different types of economic activity, or more detailed disclosure of this issue in PAS 8, is revealed. Prospects. It is necessary to carry out research in the field of improvement of accounting methodology, including intangible assets through the prism of such elements of the method of accounting as accounts, double-entry, and balance sheet.