bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourth‐order compact scheme based on quasi‐variable mesh for three‐dimensional mildly nonlinear stationary convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Jha Navnit , Singh Bhagat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new family of compact schemes of increased accuracy using quasi‐variable mesh is presented for determining approximate solutions to the three‐space dimensions mildly nonlinear convection dominated diffusion equations. The main thought behind the proposed scheme is to get uniformly distributed local truncation error, which otherwise not possible in case of finite‐difference discretization using constant step‐sizes mesh points. According to the zero or nonzero values of mesh stretching quantities, the increased accuracy fourth‐order method refers to uniform meshes or quasi‐variable meshes schemes. It is easy to tune the mesh points depending upon the location of subdomains having comparatively more fluctuating solution behavior. The block‐tridiagonal construction of the Jacobian (iteration matrix) acquired with the new difference scheme makes it easier to implement with a reasonable computing time. We will describe the matrix and graph theoretic approach to analyze the convergence property and error estimate of the generalized scheme. A measure of accuracy, such as maximum errors, root‐mean‐squared errors, and numerical convergence rate, is examined by solving various forms of convection‐dominated diffusion equations.
mHealth applications to support caregiver needs and engagement during stroke recovery: A content review
Authors: Lobo Elton H. , Frølich Anne , Kensing Finn , Rasmussen Lene J. , Livingston Patricia M. , Grundy John , Abdelrazek Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCaregiving in stroke results in severe physical, psychological, and social impacts on the caregiver. Over the past few years, researchers have explored the use of mHealth technologies to support healthcare‐related activities due to their ability to provide real‐time care at any given place or time. The purpose of this content review is to investigate mHealth apps in supporting stroke caregiving engagement based on three aspects: motivation, value, and satisfaction. We searched app stores and repositories for apps related to stroke caregiving published up to September 2020. Extracted apps were reviewed and filtered using inclusion criteria, and then downloaded onto compatible devices to determine eligibility. Results were compared with evidence‐based frameworks to identify the ability of these apps in engaging and supporting the caregiver. Forty‐seven apps were included in this review that enabled caregivers to support their needs, such as adjustment to new roles and relationships, involvement in care and caring for oneself using several different functionalities. These functionalities include information resources, risk assessment, remote monitoring, data sharing, reminders and so on. However, no single app was identified that focuses on all aspects of stroke caregiving. We also identified several challenges faced by users through their reviews and the factors associated with value and satisfaction. Our findings can add to the knowledge of existing mHealth technologies and their functionalities to support stroke caregiving needs, and the importance of considering user engagement in the design. They can be used by developers and researchers looking to design better mHealth apps for stroke caregiving.
The efficacy of mobile health interventions used to manage acute or chronic pain: A systematic review
Authors: Martin Christie L. , Bakker Caitlin J. , Breth Melissa S. , Gao Grace , Lee Knoo , Lee Mikyoung A. , Tiase Victoria L. , Tunby Lily J. , Wyatt Tami H. , Janeway Lisa M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic pain is a significant health issue that affects approximately 50 million adults in the United States. Traditional interventions are not always an effective treatment strategy for pain control. However, the wide adoption of smartphones and the rapid growth of health information technologies over the past decade have created opportunities to use mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for pain tracking and self‐management. In this PRISMA‐compliant systematic review, we assessed the current U.S.‐based research on pain‐related mHealth apps to describe the app components and determine the efficacy of these interventions for persons with acute or chronic pain. We conducted a comprehensive search of five databases based on methodological guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included articles reporting original data on mHealth interventions with pain intensity as a primary or secondary outcome and excluded articles that utilized multimodal interventions. Of the original 4959 articles, only five studies met the eligibility criteria. Most of the interventions included feasibility or pilot studies, and all studies were published between 2015 and 2018. Two of the five studies used visual analog scales. Only two of the studies reported statistically significant pain intensity outcomes, and considerable heterogeneity between the studies limited our ability to generalize findings or conduct a meta‐analysis. Research investigating the components and efficacy of pain‐related mHealth apps as interventions is an emerging field. To better understand the potential clinical benefits of mHealth apps designed to manage pain, further research is needed.
Feasibility of a mHealth survey application for incarcerated and postrelease people living with HIV in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Lopez Karen Dunn , Cravero Claire , Krishnan Archana , Carvalho de Sousa Freire Vanessa E. , Culbert Gabriel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) holds considerable promise as a way to give people greater control of their health information, privacy, and sharing in the context of HIV research and clinical services. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of an mHealth research application from the perspective of three stakeholder groups involved in an HIV clinical trial in Jakarta, Indonesia: (a) incarcerated people living with HIV (PLWH), (b) research assistants (RAs), and (c) research investigators. Incarcerated PLWH (n = 150) recruited from two large all‐male prisons completed questionnaires, including questions about mHealth acceptability, on an mHealth survey application using a proprietary data collection software development platform. RAs who administered questionnaires (n = 8) rated the usability of the software application using the system usability scale (SUS) and open‐ended questions. Research investigators (n = 2) completed in‐depth interviews, that were coded and analyzed using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a conceptual framework. Over 90% of incarcerated PLWH felt the mHealth application offered adequate comfort, privacy, and accuracy in recording their responses. RAs' SUS scores ranged from 60% to 90% (M = 76.25) and they found the mHealth survey application challenging to learn, but highly satisfying. Compared with paper‐based data collection, researchers felt that electronic data collection led to improved accuracy and efficiency of data collection and the ability to monitor data collection remotely and in real time. The researchers perceived the learnability of the application as acceptable but required self‐instruction.
Longitudinal understanding of prognosis among adolescents with cancer
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Kenney Ansley E. , Fults Marci Z. , Manring Samantha , Rodriguez Erin M. , Desjardins Leandra , Rausch Joseph R. , Young‐Saleme Tammi , Ranalli Mark A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Compas Bruce E. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite calls to increase prognosis communication for adolescents with cancer, limited research has examined their perceptions of prognosis as compared with their parents. We assessed adolescents’ understanding of their prognosis relative to parents and oncologists.MethodsFamilies of adolescents (aged 10‐17) were recruited at two pediatric institutions following a new diagnosis or relapse. Seventy‐four adolescents, 68 mothers, and 40 fathers participated at enrollment; 76 adolescents, 69 mothers, and 35 fathers participated one year later. The adolescent's primary oncologist reported on prognosis only at enrollment. Participants rated the likelihood of the adolescent's survival in five years, as well as reporting prognosis communication and sources of information.ResultsMost oncologists (65%) and fathers (63%) discussed prognosis in numerical terms with the adolescent at baseline, which was greater than mother report (49%) of discussions of numerical prognosis with adolescents. Adolescents reported a better prognosis than oncologists, but comparable with mothers at diagnosis and one year. Adolescents’ prognosis estimates were stable over time (P > .05). At diagnosis, adolescent‐father (P = 0.025) and adolescent‐oncologist (P < 0.001) discrepancies were larger for youth with advanced than non‐advanced cancer. Adolescents whose parents received numerical prognosis estimates from the oncologist, and whose fathers reported providing numerical prognosis estimates had more accurate understandings of prognosis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAdolescent prognosis estimates were comparable with those of parents at diagnosis and one year but more favorable than that of oncologists. Although additional research is needed, results suggest discrepancies in prognosis estimates between family members and oncologists, particularly for adolescents with advanced cancer.
Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of low loss PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3/polystyrene composites prepared by hot‐press method
Authors: Shalu Saumya , Dasgupta Kakoli , Roy Sunanda , Kar Pradip , Bal Trishna , Dasgupta Ghosh Barnali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of high dielectric constant filler particles into thermoplastics is an attractive approach to develop materials with high dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, and mechanical stiffness, for electronic packaging purposes. Herein, we report the preparation and properties of polystyrene (PS) based low loss 0–3 composites with inorganic PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT) filler particles in concentrations ranging from 0%–20% (w/w). The PZT particles were synthesized using the sol‐gel process and the composites were prepared by a two‐step, solvent‐free approach: (1) melt mixing, followed by (2) hot press. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite samples were investigated. The dielectric behavior of the as‐synthesized composites showed pronounced improvement over pure PS, as is seen from the increased dielectric constant and extremely low loss tangent. For 20 wt.% PZT loading, the dielectric constant of the composite is as high as 12 at 1 MHz frequency, which is about five times greater than that of pure PS (ε = 2.5). All the PZT/PS composites exhibit remarkably low dielectric losses, even at lower frequencies (tan δ ≤ 0.04), which is better than reported literature values of PS based composites. The variation in dielectric constants of the samples with increasing temperatures was also recorded.
Norwegian Psychomotor Physiotherapy versus Cognitive Patient Education and active physiotherapy—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dragesund Tove , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Kvåle Alice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeNorwegian Psychomotor Physiotherapy (NPMP) has been an established treatment approach for more than 50 years, mostly in the Scandinavian countries, usually applied to patients with widespread and long‐lasting musculoskeletal pain and/or psychosomatic disorders. Few studies have investigated the outcomes of NPMP, and no randomized clinical trials (RCT) with a comparing treatment group have systematically been tried out on individuals.MethodsThis is a pragmatic, single‐blinded RCT where 128 participants with long‐lasting widespread musculoskeletal pain and/or pain located to the neck and shoulders were block randomized to NPMP or Cognitive Patient Education combined with active individualized physiotherapy (COPE‐PT). Intention‐to‐treat with linear mixed models were used to estimate the group differences in treatment effects. The outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months follow‐up were pain intensity, function, anxiety and depression, quality of life, sleep, fear of movement, and subjective health complaints. Risk profile (Örebro) was examined at 3 and 6 months. All participants underwent physical tests at baseline and 6 months.ResultsOne‐year data were available for 66.4% of the original participants. Calculated with intention‐to‐treat analysis, at 3 months statistically significant differences were found in favor of COPE‐PT for pain, anxiety and depression, quality of life‐physical dimension, risk profile and fear of movement. At 6 months, statistically significant differences in favor of COPE‐PT were found for anxiety and depression, and sleep. At 12 months, the improvements were still statistically significant for anxiety, depression and sleep. Both groups improved, but no statistically significant differences were found between the groups on the physical tests at 6 months.ConclusionsCOPE‐PT, which is targeted towards pain‐coping and increasing activity, contribute to more improvements than NPMP.
Hexamerization and thermostability emerged very early during geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase evolution
Authors: Kropp Cosimo , Straub Kristina , Linde Mona , Babinger Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA large number of archaea live in hyperthermophilic environments. In consequence, their proteins need to adopt to these harsh conditions, including the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of their membrane ether lipids. The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the first ether bond in these lipids, geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase (GGGPS), exists as a hexamer in many hyperthermophilic archaea, and a recent study suggested that hexamerization serves for a fine‐tuning of the flexibility – stability trade‐off under hyperthermophilic conditions. We have recently reconstructed the sequences of ancestral group II GGGPS enzymes and now present a detailed biochemical characterization of nine of these predecessors, which allowed us to trace back the evolution of hexameric GGGPS and to draw conclusions about the properties of extant GGGPS branches that were not accessible to experiments up to now. Almost all ancestral GGGPS proteins formed hexamers, which demonstrates that hexamerization is even more widespread among the GGGPS family than previously assumed. Furthermore, all experimentally studied ancestral proteins showed high thermostability. Our results indicate that the hexameric oligomerization state and thermostability were present very early during the evolution of group II GGGPS, while the fine tuning of the flexibility – stability trade‐off developed very late, independent of the emergence of hexamerization.
Lysine–arginine advanced glycation end‐product cross‐links and the effect on collagen structure: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Nash Anthony , Noh Sang Young , Birch Helen L. , de Leeuw Nora H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products is a fundamental process that is central to age‐related decline in musculoskeletal tissues and locomotor system function and other collagen‐rich tissues. However, although computational studies of advanced glycation end‐product cross‐links could be immensely valuable, this area remains largely unexplored given the limited availability of structural parameters for the derivation of force fields for Molecular Dynamics simulations. In this article, we present the bonded force constants, atomic partial charges and geometry of the arginine‐lysine cross‐links DOGDIC, GODIC, and MODIC. We have performed in vacuo Molecular Dynamics simulations to validate their implementation against quantum mechanical frequency calculations. A DOGDIC advanced glycation end‐product cross‐link was then inserted into a model collagen fibril to explore structural changes of collagen and dynamics in interstitial water. Unlike our previous studies of glucosepane, our findings suggest that intra‐collagen DOGDIC cross‐links furthers intra‐collagen peptide hydrogen‐bonding and does not promote the diffusion of water through the collagen triple helices.
Preparation and characterization of efficient and safe lambda‐cyhalothrin nanoparticles with tunable particle size
Authors: Wang Chunxin , Cui Bo , Zhao Xiang , Zeng Zhanghua , Wang Yan , Sun Changjiao , Guo Liang , Cui Haixin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSafe and efficient nanopesticides for pest control have attracted attention because of their ability to enhance target efficiency and reduce undesirable side effects. Nanoformulations have a significant role in solving the problem of water solubility for insoluble drugs. However, there are few studies on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of pesticides of different particle sizes and remains unclear how these key physicochemical properties are affected by particle size. In this study, a series of glucose‐loaded lambda‐cyhalothrin nanoparticles (LCNs) with a tunable size were developed via shearing emulsification and carrier loading in order to evaluate insecticidal action.RESULTSThe mean particle sizes of the LCNs were 50.6, 115.2 and 221 nm. The wettability, dispersibility and stability of nanoparticles were particle size‐dependent, and were mainly determined by particle size and the uniformity of distribution. Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of LCNs was inversely proportional to the particle size.CONCLUSIONThis study not only provides a facile technology for the preparation of nanopesticides with a tunable particle size, but also clarifies the effect of particle size on the performance of pesticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial distribution and colonization pattern of Bemisia tabaci in tropical tomato crops
Authors: Ribeiro Arthur V , Ramos Rodrigo S , de Araújo Tamíris A , Soares João RS , Paes Jhersyka da S , de Araújo Vitor CR , Bastos Cristina S , Koch Robert L , Picanço Marcelo C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn precision integrated pest management, management tactics are implemented only where and when needed, by identifying the sites where the pest population has reached economic thresholds. Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (Linn.), is a vegetable cultivated worldwide, but its production is reduced by insect pests such as the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). To improve management, there is a need to understand B. tabaci spatial dynamics in tomato fields, which will elucidate colonization patterns and may improve management of this pest. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the spatial autocorrelation, distribution, and colonization patterns of B. tabaci in 19 commercial tomato fields through the growing season.RESULTSA total of 69 isotropic variograms were fit for B. tabaci. The insect distribution was aggregated with a strong level of spatial dependence. Ranges of spatial dependence varied from 0.53 to 19.05 m and 0.5 to 20 m for adults and nymphs, respectively. Overall, densities of adults and nymphs were higher and reached the economic threshold mainly at the field edges.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest a colonization pattern for B. tabaci starting at the edges and spreading inwards in to the tomato fields. This study can improve B. tabaci management in tomato fields, especially scouting and decision‐making to treat fields. Scouting for this pest should be directed to the field edges, with sample points at least 20 m apart from each other for independent insect counts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prone position ventilation and femoro‐femoral veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID‐19 treatment
Authors: Maeda Akiko , Nabeya Daijiro , Nagano Hiroaki , Yagi Nobuhito , Miyagi Tadayoshi , Kishaba Tomoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 5% of COVID‐19 patients who suffer from pneumonia develop critical respiratory failure. Here, we report the case of a healthy 52‐year‐old man who had respiratory failure owing to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and was treated using femoro‐femoral veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) and prone position ventilation (PPV). After this treatment, his blood oxygen levels, chest high‐resolution computed tomography findings, and clinical parameters significantly improved. He was decannulated from VV‐ECMO on day 6 and finally extubated on day 11. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome that was successfully treated with a combination of femoro‐femoral VV‐ECMO and PPV.
Single port robotic radical prostatectomy versus multi‐port robotic radical prostatectomy: A human factor analysis during the initial learning curve
Authors: Talamini Susan , Halgrimson Whitney R. , Dobbs Ryan W. , Morana Carmelo , Crivellaro Simone 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have thus far neglected to evaluate the impact of the da Vinci single port (SP) robotic platform on surgeon experience and operating room efficiency. We sought to assess the effect of the SP platform on surgeon cognitive load measures during robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).MethodsWe prospectively compared the first 20 SP‐RALPs performed at our institution to 20 multi‐port (MP)‐RALPs performed by a single experienced robotic surgeon. Three multi‐dimensional assessment tools were used to evaluate mental and surgical workload, teamwork and workflow disruptions.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the MP‐RALP and SP‐RALP cohorts when evaluated by NASA Task Load Index, Surgery Task Load Index and Observational Teamwork Assessments.ConclusionsThe SP robotic platform did not adversely affect human factor performance of the surgeon during RALP. Multi‐institutional validation will be necessary to confirm these initial findings.