bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Unruptured Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma within Left Main Coronary Artery in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ponnana Hemanth Harish , Nemani Lalita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOptical coherence tomography–guided percutaneous coronary angioplasties (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome is useful not only to the good stent opposition but also to the underlying pathophysiology and morphology of the plaque. Here we are reporting a case of anterior myocardial infarction thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) in left main coronary artery with mid left anterior descending artery tight fibrofatty lesion. The cap of the atheromatous lesion was unruptured. This phenomenon of unruptured thin-cap fibroatheroma in the left main coronary artery in acute coronary syndrome has seldom been reported previously.
Multivalent interaction of ESCO2 with the replication machinery is required for sister chromatid cohesion in vertebrates
Authors: Bender Dawn , Da Silva Eulália Maria Lima , Chen Jingrong , Poss Annelise , Gawey Lauren , Rulon Zane , Rankin Susannah 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The cohesin complex both tethers together sister chromatids following DNA replication and ensures chromosome compaction and proper gene expression throughout interphase by folding chromosomes into loops and domains. How these very different activities of cohesin are controlled is largely unknown. The ESCO2 acetyltransferase modifies the SMC3 subunit of cohesin and is uniquely able to promote cohesion between sister chromatids, while the related ESCO1 acetyltransferase, which has the same catalytic activity, does not. Here we show that ESCO2 interacts with the DNA replication machinery through several highly conserved sequences in its unstructured tail. These interactions ensure that cohesin is modified precisely when sister chromatids are formed. This work provides a model to understand how cohesin activity is entrained to specific contexts.
Does repeat synthesis in materials chemistry obey a power law?
Authors: Agrawal Mayank , Han Rebecca , Herath Dinushka , Sholl David S. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
A key goal of much chemistry and materials research is the creation of new chemicals or materials. Understanding how readily the synthesis of a material can be repeated gives important insight into how a material can be adopted by a technical community or used in practical applications. Surprisingly, little is known about how often the synthesis of new materials gets repeated. In this paper, an extensive analysis of published literature for a specific class of materials, metal-organic frameworks, is used to quantitatively address this issue.
Analysis of the self-assembly process of Aspergillus oryzae hydrophobin RolA by Langmuir–Blodgett method
Authors: Terauchi Yuki , Tanaka Takumi , Mitsuishi Masaya , Yabu Hiroshi , Yoshimi Akira , Nantani Kei , Abe Keietsu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Hydrophobins are small, amphipathic proteins secreted by filamentous fungi. Hydrophobin RolA, which is produced by Aspergillus oryzae, attaches to solid surfaces, recruits the polyesterase CutL1, and consequently promotes hydrolysis of polyesters. Because this interaction requires the N-terminal, positively charged residue of RolA to be exposed on the solid surface, the orientation of RolA on the solid surface is important for recruitment. However, the process by which RolA forms the self-assembled structure at the interface remains unclear. Using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, we analyzed the process by which RolA forms a self-assembled structure at the air–water interface and observed the structures on the hydrophobic or hydrophilic SiO2 substrates via atomic force microscopy. We found that RolA formed self-assembled films in two steps during phase transitions. We observed different assembled structures of RolA on hydrophilic and hydrophobic SiO2 substrates.
Activated human astrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles modulate neuronal uptake, differentiation and firing
Authors: You Yang , Borgmann Kathleen , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Stacy Satomi , Ghorpade Anuja , Ikezu Tsuneya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAstrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) provide supportive neural functions and mediate inflammatory responses from microglia. Increasing evidence supports their critical roles in regulating brain homoeostasis in response to pro‐inflammatory factors such as cytokines and pathogen/damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the trans‐cellular communication are still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer a large diversity of molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins for cellular communications. The purpose of this study is to characterize the EVs cargo proteins derived from human primary astrocytes (ADEVs) under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. ADEVs were isolated from human primary astrocytes after vehicle (CTL) or interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) pre‐treatment. Label‐free quantitative proteomic profiling revealed a notable up‐regulation of proteins including actin‐associated molecules, integrins and major histocompatibility complex in IL‐1β‐ADEVs compared to CTL‐ADEVs, which were involved in cellular metabolism and organization, cellular communication and inflammatory response. When fluorescently labelled ADEVs were added into primary cultured mouse cortical neurons, we found a significantly increased neuronal uptake of IL‐1β‐ADEVs compared to CTL‐ADEVs. We further confirmed it is likely due to the enrichment of surface proteins in IL‐1β‐ADEVs, as IL‐1β‐ADEVs uptake by neurons was partially suppressed by a specific integrin inhibitor. Additionally, treatment of neurons with IL‐1β‐ADEVs also reduced neurite outgrowth, branching and neuronal firing. These findings provide insight for the molecular mechanism of the ADEVs’ effects on neural uptake, neural differentiation and maturation, and its alteration in inflammatory conditions.
Eco-toxicity of water, soil, and sediment from agricultural areas of Kilombero Valley Ramsar wetlands, Tanzania
Authors: Materu S. F. , Heise S. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted in the KVRS to; evaluate the seasonal eco-toxicity of water, soil and sediment samples; establish the suitability of using temperate biotest batteries in tropical systems; classify the toxicity of samples using Fuzzy Rules to estimate potential ecological risks. 143 water, sediment, and soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in plantation areas.
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
,
Aliivibrio fischeri
and
Arthrobacter globiformis
bioassays were used to assess the toxicity of the samples. Results were categorized and classified into toxicity classes.

Dry season presented a significantly higher mean inhibition of 31% than 5% shown by rainy season samples (p < 0.001) in the bacterial bioassays, indicating a lower concentration of contaminants due to flooding and increased surface runoff. A few sediment samples resulted into 100% inhibition of
A. globiformis
, implying organisms were physiologically inactive upon exposure to contaminants. Seventy-three percent of samples posed little or no toxic potential risk, 25% posed critical risk and 1% posed elevated critical risk, implying the KVRS ecosystem might be at risk if the extensive usage of pesticides in the area is not well managed and monitored. The temperate micro-biotests can be used in tropical systems, but with further research on suitable organisms and standardized methods.
Discontinuous Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for discrete parameters and discontinuous likelihoods
Authors: Nishimura Akihiko , Dunson David B , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2019

SummaryHamiltonian Monte Carlo has emerged as a standard tool for posterior computation. In this article we present an extension that can efficiently explore target distributions with discontinuous densities. Our extension in particular enables efficient sampling from ordinal parameters through the embedding of probability mass functions into continuous spaces. We motivate our approach through a theory of discontinuous Hamiltonian dynamics and develop a corresponding numerical solver. The proposed solver is the first of its kind, with a remarkable ability to exactly preserve the Hamiltonian. We apply our algorithm to challenging posterior inference problems to demonstrate its wide applicability and competitive performance.
Effect of multiple episodes of acute kidney injury on mortality: an observational study
Authors: Walker Heather , De Souza Nicosha , Hapca Simona , Witham Miles D , Bell Samira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients who survive an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) are more likely to have further episodes of AKI. AKI is associated with increased mortality, with a further increase with recurrent episodes. It is not clear whether this is due to AKI or as a result of other patient characteristics. The aim of this study was to establish whether recurrence of AKI is an independent risk factor for mortality or if excess mortality is explained by other factors.

Methods
This observational cohort study included adult people from the Tayside region of Scotland, with an episode of AKI between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2009. AKI was defined using the creatinine-based Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition. Associations between recurrent AKI and mortality were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Survival was worse in the group identified to have recurrent AKI compared with those with a single episode of AKI [hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–1.63; P &lt; 0.001]. After adjustment for comorbidities, stage of reference AKI, sex, age, medicines that predispose to renal impairment or, in the 3 months prior to the reference AKI, deprivation and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), recurrent AKI was independently associated with an increase in mortality (hazard ratio = 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.37; P &lt; 0.001). Increasing stage of reference AKI, age, deprivation, baseline eGFR, male sex, previous myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease and diuretic use were all associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with recurrent AKI.

Conclusions
Recurrent AKI is associated with increased mortality. After adjusting for patient characteristics, the increase in mortality is independently associated with recurrent AKI and is not solely explained by other risk factors.
Differential distribution of N- and O-Glycans and variable expression of sialyl-T antigen on HeLa cells—Revealed by direct fluorescent glycan imaging
Authors: Wu Zhengliang L , Person Anthony D , Zou Yonglong , Burton Andrew J , Singh Ravinder , Burroughs Barbara , Fryxell Dan , Tatge Timothy J , Manning Timothy , Wu Guoping , Swift Karl A D , Kalabokis Vassili 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCells are covered with glycans. The expression and distribution of specific glycans on the surface of a cell are important for various cellular functions. Imaging these glycans is essential to aid elucidation of their biological roles. Here, utilizing methods of direct fluorescent glycan imaging, in which fluorescent sialic acids are directly incorporated into substrate glycans via recombinant sialyltranferases, we report the differential distribution of N- and O-glycans and variable expression of sialyl-T antigen on HeLa cells. While the expression of N-glycans tends to be more peripheral at positions where cell–cell interaction occurs, O-glycan expression is more granular but relatively evenly distributed on positive cells. While N-glycans are expressed on all cells, sialyl-T antigen expression exhibits a wide spectrum of variation with some cells being strongly positive and some cells being almost completely negative. The differential distribution of N- and O-glycans on cell surface reflects their distinctive roles in cell biology.
Evaluation of Surgical Caseload Aboard the USNS COMFORT (T-AH 20) During Enduring Promise 2018
Authors: Norris Emily A , Johnson Mark S , Mann Kevan E , Pryor Howard I 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe USNS COMFORT (T-AH-20) deployed in support of Enduring Promise 2018 (EP-18) for an 11-week humanitarian mission providing care to the residents of four host nations in Central and South America. The COMFORT provides the capability of providing medical, dental, and surgical care in humanitarian aid missions.
Genioglossus motor unit activity in supine and upright postures in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Luu Billy L , Saboisky Julian P , McBain Rachel A , Trinder John A , White David P , Taylor Janet L , Gandevia Simon C , Butler Jane E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigated whether a change in posture affected the activity of the upper-airway dilator muscle genioglossus in participants with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). During wakefulness, a monopolar needle electrode was used to record single motor unit activity in genioglossus in supine and upright positions to alter the gravitational load that causes narrowing of the upper airway. Activity from 472 motor units was recorded during quiet breathing in 17 males, nine of whom had OSA. The mean number of motor units for each participant was 11.8 (SD 3.4) in the upright and 16.0 (SD 4.2) in the supine posture. For respiratory-modulated motor units, there were no significant differences in discharge frequencies between healthy controls and participants with OSA. Within each breath, genioglossus activity increased through the recruitment of phasic motor units and an increase in firing rate, with an overall increase of ~6 Hz (50%) across both postures and participant groups. However, the supine posture did not lead to compensatory increases in the peak discharge frequencies of inspiratory and expiratory motor units, despite the increase in gravitational load on the upper airway. Posture also had no significant effect on the discharge frequency of motor units that showed no respiratory modulation during quiet breathing. We postulate that, in wakefulness, any increase in genioglossus activity to compensate for the gravitational effects on the upper airway is achieved primarily through the recruitment of additional motor units in both healthy controls and participants with OSA.
Coproducing Health Professions Education: A Prerequisite to Coproducing Health Care Services?
Authors: Englander Robert , Holmboe Eric , Batalden Paul , Caron Rosemary M. , Durham Carol F. , Foster Tina , Ogrinc Greg , Ercan-Fang Nacide , Batalden Maren 
Published: December 2019

In 2016, Batalden et al proposed a coproduction model for health care services. Starting from the argument that health care services should demonstrate service-dominant rather than goods-dominant logic, they argued that health care outcomes are the result of the intricate interaction of the provider and patient in concert with the system, community, and, ultimately, society. The key notion is that the patient is as much an expert in determining outcomes as the provider, but with different expertise. Patients come to the table with expertise in their lived experiences and the context of their lives.
The authors posit that education, like health care services, should follow a service-dominant logic. Like the relationship between patients and providers, the relationship between learner and teacher requires the integrated expertise of each nested in the context of their system, community, and society to optimize outcomes. The authors then argue that health professions learners cannot be educated in a traditional, paternalistic model of education and then expected to practice in a manner that prioritizes coproductive partnerships with colleagues, patients, and families. They stress the necessity of adapting the health care services coproduction model to health professions education. Instead of asking whether the coproduction model is possible in the current system, they argue that the current system is not sustainable and not producing the desired kind of clinicians.
A current example from a longitudinal integrated clerkship highlights some possibilities with coproduced education. Finally, the authors offer some practical ways to begin changing from the traditional model. They thus provide a conceptual framework and ideas for practical implementation to move the educational model closer to the coproduction health care services model that many strive for and, through that alignment, to set the stage for improved health outcomes for all.
The Vanderbilt Program in Interprofessional Learning: Sustaining a Longitudinal, Clinical Experience That Aligns Practice With Education
Authors: Davidson Heather A. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Cole Shannon , Waynick-Rogers Pamela , Provine Allison , Rosenstiel Donna , Norman Linda , Miller Bonnie 
Published: December 2019

Problem
Designing and sustaining a longitudinal, clinic-based interprofessional learning experience is logistically challenging, which has limited the educational opportunities available in health professions schools. The authors discuss the Vanderbilt Program in Interprofessional Learning (VPIL), which addresses some of the challenges facing clinic-based interprofessional experiences.

Approach
VPIL places first- and second-year students from 4 professional degree programs (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work) in Nashville, Tennessee, on teams where they work and learn together in authentic clinical environments over a 2-year period. The program was implemented in 2010 and includes 3 components: a summer immersion experience, seminar-based classroom and simulation sessions, and a weekly clinical experience. Students also complete a capstone quality improvement project. VPIL administrators have set up structures at the institutional, clinic, faculty, and student levels that have contributed to the sustainability of the program.

Outcomes
Between 2010 and 2019, VPIL admitted 398 students who participated on 91 clinical teams. In addition, 55 clinical preceptors and 12 core faculty trained students for future collaborative practice. The program has received consistently high ratings from students, who have produced 69 quality improvement projects at their clinics. These projects have addressed aspects of the care delivery process and produced durable materials, showing that the program has contributed to important innovations in the health system.

Next Steps
VPIL faculty continue to improve the curriculum and administrative structures and work to expand the program to reach a wider variety of health professions students. Going forward, lessons from the program could assist educators in creating opportunities for students to learn interprofessionally and deliver high value health care in increasingly complex delivery systems.
A Novel Surgical Technique for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation Without Plate Sutures
Authors: Sanvicente Carina T. , Moster Marlene R. , Lee Daniel , Menezes Alicia , Ghahramani Aria , Zhang Qiang , Hamershock Rose , Myers Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2019

Précis:
A modification to the surgical technique of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation without plate sutures or surgical glue products has a similar safety and efficacy profile than the standard procedure, in the short and mid-term follow-up.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a modified AGV implantation technique without plate sutures.

Methods:
A retrospective case-control study including patients seen in the Glaucoma service of an academic institution. Patients that underwent a modified AGV implantation without plate sutures were included as cases and patients that underwent standard AGV implantation, as controls. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction >20%, IOP >5 and <21 without the need for additional surgical intervention, and maintenance of light perception.

Results:
A total of 170 eyes were included. Mean (range) follow-up was 11.2±7.39 (3 to 24) months. There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity and IOP between the groups during the postoperative period. In a univariate analysis, there was a larger decrease in IOP for the no plate suture group at the 6 months (−15.6±11.6 vs. −11.5±10.5, P=0.04) and 1 year (−16.4±10.4 vs. −11.1±10.4, P=0.02) visits. There was also a larger decrease in number of medications in the no plate suture group in the 3 months (−1.65±1.5 vs. −1.13±1.22, P=0.02), 6 months (−1.55±1.44 vs. −0.98±1.3, P=0.01) and 1 year (−1.70±1.5 vs. −1.04±1.2, P=0.04) visits. However, those differences were not confirmed by a multivariable model after adjusting for glaucoma type and number of previous glaucoma surgeries. No differences in the trajectory of the survival curves were noted between groups (P=0.36).

Conclusion:
The comparison of short and mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing AGV implantation using both techniques showed similar outcomes and success rates.
Risk Factors for Open-angle Glaucoma in Persons of Latin American Descent
Authors: Wurster Patrick , Harris Alon , Gonzalez Andrea C. , Adjei Susuana , Verticchio Vercellin Alice , Mathew Sunu , Lang Matt , Eikenberry Jennifer , Siesky Brent 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The aim of this paper is to concisely summarize what is currently known about OAG among persons of LAD in the United States for the purpose of improving individualized care and highlighting areas requiring further study.

Materials and Methods:
Review of relevant literature was performed through PubMed and Google Scholar from October 1978 through November 11, 2019.

Results:
As the Latin American population grows within the United States, it is predicted that by 2050, men of LAD will make up the largest demographic group with OAG. Persons of LAD experience a greater increase in OAG prevalence per decade of life compared with persons of African descent and may have unique risk factors. In particular, those with African ancestry and hypertension are at greater risk of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Maximum IOP, variability in IOP, and diabetes are also important considerations. Unique anatomic and physiological characteristics such as scleral tensile strain, longer axial length, thin corneas, and corneal hysteresis may play a role in this population’s unique risk for the development and progression of OAG.

Conclusions:
OAG represents a growing concern among persons of LAD in the United States; however, information on specific risk factors in this population currently remains limited. Studies should be designed to investigate the LAD population and their respective structural, vascular, and social risk factors for the development and progression of OAG to assist clinicians in improving outcomes for this growing population.