bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scattering data and bound states of a squeezed double-layer structure
Authors: Zolotaryuk Alexander V , Zolotaryuk Yaroslav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A heterostructure composed of two parallel homogeneous layers is studied in the limit as their widths l
1 and l
2, and the distance between them r shrinks to zero simultaneously. The problem is investigated in one dimension and the squeezing potential in the Schrödinger equation is given by the strengths V
1 and V
2 depending on the layer thickness. A whole class of functions V
1(l
1) and V
2(l
2) is specified by certain limit characteristics as l
1 and l
2 tend to zero. The squeezing limit of the scattering data a(k) and b(k) derived for the finite system is shown to exist only if some conditions on the system parameters V

j
, l

j
, j = 1, 2, and r take place. These conditions appear as a result of an appropriate cancellation of divergences. Two ways of this cancellation are carried out and the corresponding two resonance sets in the system parameter space are derived. On one of these sets, the existence of non-trivial bound states is proven in the squeezing limit, including the particular example of the squeezed potential in the form of the derivative of Dirac’s delta function, contrary to the widespread opinion on the non-existence of bound states in δ′-like systems. The scenario how a single bound state survives in the squeezed system from a finite number of bound states in the finite system is described in detail.
Characteristics and petroleum geological significance of high-quality source rock in Gufeng Member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Fu X D , Chen Y N , Wang X F , Lv X J , Li W Z , Yao Q Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the comprehensive analysis of drilling and outcrop profile data, the stratigraphic boundary between Middle Permian and Upper Permian in northern Sichuan Basin is redefined systematically. It is confirmed that the source rock of carbonaceous and siliceous mudstone is widely developed in the Gufeng Member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the northern part of the basin, and its thickness is mainly between 5-40 m. The source rock in the Gufeng Member has large variation scope of TOC, mainly in the range of 0.5%-30%, and the average value of most profiles more than 2.0%. It is a set of high-quality source rock as a whole. Its major organic matter is type II. At present, its thermal maturity changes greatly, and it is in the mature-over mature stage. The deep-water sedimentary environment, strong reduction conditions and high paleo-productivity jointly controlled the development and distribution of high-quality source rock in the Gufeng Member under the background of extensional structure at the end of the Middle Permian. High-quality source rock in the Gufeng Member is of great significance to the exploration of marine conventional natural gas and shale gas in northern Sichuan Basin.
A GIS-based grid model for spatial data management and preliminary applications for assessing deep oil-gas resources
Authors: Li Na , Zheng Yangcheng , Ma Hongyan , Shi Shuyong , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the development and maturity of mid-shallow reservoirs, deep reservoirs have become the main exploration targets recently. Deep oil-gas exploration and evaluation are facing great challenges of multi-source data utilization. The aim of the exploration is to verify the resources, location and scale of deep oil and gas, which could be well managed and calculated by the means of Geographic Information System (GIS). In this paper, a grid management and calculation method of deep oil and gas resources is proposed based on ArcGIS 10.5 software, which was preliminarily applied to evaluate the deep oil and gas resources in Tarim Basin. The hydrocarbon generation intensity is calculated and analyzed according to distinct source rocks, spatial patterns, and temporal sequence. The results show that the hydrocarbon generation intensity in the Lower Cambrian strata of Tarim Basin is considerable in total and concentrated in spatial distribution. The total hydrocarbon generation intensity in argillaceous source rocks is higher than that in carbonate source rocks. Among the four types of hydrocarbons including oil, light oil, gas and methane, the generation intensity of the oil is the highest.
Characteristics of Paleogene source kitchen and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Li Yongxin , Bian Congsheng , Li Qiufen , Liu Haitao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Source kitchen is an important factor to control the distribution of oil and gas. In this paper, the characteristics of Paleogene source kitchen of Qikou Sag in Bohai Bay Basin and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation were analyzed using data from structure, geochemistry and thermal history. The results show that Qikou sag was a large continental fault–depression basin with long-term continuous subsidence, and multiple lacustrine source rocks were developed with the 1st and 3rd section in the Shahejie Formation of the Paleogene (hereafter referred to as Es1 and Es3, respectively) as the main source rocks. The tectonic evolution of Qikou sag was controlled by basement subsidence and fault growth that leaded to the formation of multiple depressions in local subsidence centers. As a result, multiple source kitchens were developed in Es1 and Es3 with different oil and gas characteristics. Oil and gas fields were mainly distributed in the uplifts and slopes around the source kitchen which showed that source kitchen acted as an important factor in the process of oil and gas accumulation.
The role of volcanic ash in the formation of organic-rich source rock and its source identification
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Liu Quanyou , Meng Qingqiang , Zhu Dongya , Li Peng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Volcanic ash promotes the formation of organic-rich source rocks by increasing the productivity of sedimentary basins and the formation of conducive preservation environment. In terms of productivity, volcanic ash provides Fe, Mn, Zn and other trace metal elements to sedimentary basins, and promotes the prosperity of water organisms and the improvement of primary productivity. The thickness of volcanic ash deposition is proportional to the concentration of nutrients released. Generally, the thickness of volcanic ash deposits around the crater is much thicker than far away, and more like to obtain the high concentration of nutrients, and make it easier to bloom. In terms of preservation environment, by increasing the salinity of sedimentary basins and participating in the biological sulfate reduction reaction (BSR), volcanic ash promote the formation of a reducing environment conducive to the preservation of organic matter. In addition, in order to deepen the research on the relationship between volcanic ash and the distribution of high-quality source rocks, this article discusses the sources and identification methods of volcanic ash, and proposes that lithium, as an effective geological tracer may have the ability to identify volcanic ash sources.
Hydrocarbon generation from confined pyrolysis of Xujiahe Formation coal in the northwest Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Huaichang , Li Yan , Zhao Weibo , Guo Huijuan , Zhang Hui , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The northwest depression of Sichuan Basin is an important gas-producing region. Previous studies have shown that large amount of gas was discovered in the Xujiahe Formaion. Several sets of source rocks from different formations including Xu1, Xu3 and Xu5 sections in Xujiahe Formation contribute to the gas resources. To investigate the gas generation potential of coal measure source rocks of Xujiahe Formation widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin. A coal sample from Xujiahe Formation was used in confined gold tube pyrolysis experiment and the activation energy and frequency factor of the coal sample were obtained. Based on the kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation, collected stratigraphic data, the burial, thermal and gas generation history of two wells in the northwest depression of Sichuan Basin were simulated by using Petromod I. Results showed that the activation energy of the coal sample was distributed in the range of 45-67 kcal/mol (main activation energy peak was58 kcal/mol) and the frequency factor was 4.7×1011s−1. For the two investigated wells, the gas generation started at 169-184 Ma, terminated at about 65 Ma. The well CHQ173 closer to the northwest depression entered the threshold of hydrocarbon generation earlier, was of deeper maximum buried depth and higher maximum thermal maturity and greater gas yield. The amount of expelled gas resulted from the uplift was small in this region. If combined with the tectonic evolution and sealing conditions of the study area, the gas generation history of Xujiahe formation would be of great significance for the exploration of natural gas in this area.
Hydrocarbon occurrence characteristics and charging differences in Chengbei Fault Zone based on fluid inclusions
Authors: Hong Zhang , Xianzheng Zhao , Jufeng Wang , Changyi Zhao , Xiugang Pu , Haitao Liu , Xiaowei Dong , Xiongying Dong , Fengcheng Wu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hydrocarbon accumulates in multiple layers of the high, middle and low parts of Chengbei fault zone, in vicinity of Qikou Sag and Qinan Subsag, which represents a breakthrough for large-scale hydrocarbon exploration in recent years. Based on the size, abundance, and attitute of hydrocarbon inclusions, as well as their microscopic polarization and fluorescence characteristics, the hydrocarbon occurrence and the charging difference in the high, middle and low faulted terraces were analyzed systematically in this paper. There are two types of occurrence in the intergranular pores and fractures in the reservoirs, namely, the medium to light oil that shows green fluorescent light, and the solid bitumen charged with a certain amount of hydrocarbon that does not show any fluorescent light. This indicates that the zone has experienced at least two stages of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, and that diversified forms of hydrocarbon exist in the reservoirs of the zone. The characteristics of hydrocarbon inclusions show that two stages of inclusions were found in the tectonic positions of different faulted terrace. The first-stage inclusions were developed in the early secondary enlargement of quartz grains, with a low degree of development abundance; while the second-stage inclusions were developed after the secondary enlargement of quartz grains, with a high degree of development abundance. The second-stage hydrocarbon inclusions of the reservoir samples obtained at tectonic positions of the high, middle and low fault terrace represent the main filling stage of the present-day reservoirs. Their fluorescence characteristics demonstrate the oil charging difference, which is the maturity of the hydrocarbon decreases as the terraces lift up along the slope. Identifying the hydrocarbon occurrence and charging differences from the perspective of inclusions is conducive to recognizing the regularity of hydrocarbon charging and migration and the distribution patterns in fault terrace zones, and lay the foundation for hydrocarbon exploration of slopes in the future.
Investigation of the smelting reduction mechanism and of iron extraction from high-iron red mud
Authors: Wang Kun , Liu Yan , Zhang Ting-an , Li Xiao-fei , Chen Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High-iron red mud presents a problem due to its alkalinity which leads to significant risks to the environment. In order to realize the harmless and large-scale utilization of high-iron red mud, the smelting reduction experiments were carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism for extraction iron from high-iron red mud. FactSage 6.4 software was used to conduct thermodynamic analysis of the carbon thermal reduction system. The results showed that the direct reduction with carbon involved a process of Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe, in which the theoretical required molar ratio of C/O (oxygen in Fe2O3) was 1:1. The maximum degree of iron extraction was 92.8% with anthracite as reductant and 88.8% without anthracite smelting at 1500 °C for 30 min in a graphite crucible. XRD was conducted to analyze the mineral phase of the samples and slags. The results showed that the minerals contained in high-iron red mud were hematite, quartz, rutile, and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate. The blank sample was consisted of hematite, nepheline quartz, and the reduced slag without quenching consisted of perovskite and gehlenite, indicating that the reaction processes occurred from sodium aluminosilicate hydrate to nepheline and then occurred from nepheline to gehlenite in slagging process. The overall smelting reduction process was described as three mass transfer steps and three chemical reaction steps. These results provide useful information for large-scale and harmless utilization of high-iron red mud.
Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum
Authors: Lyu Fei , Du Hao , Shi Lei , Tian Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Pan , Qu Tao , Yang Bin , Dai Yong-Nian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Considering the low resource utilisation rate and high environmental pollution afflicting the current technology for extracting Li from spodumene ore, this report proposes a clean process for the vacuum carbothermal reduction of spodumene ores for Li extraction, ferrosilicon alloy preparation, and alumina recovery. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that vacuum conditions can significantly promote the carbothermic reduction of spodumene ores and that the initial reaction temperature can be reduced by 480 K when an environmental pressure of 20 Pa is applied. According to the experimental results, two important factors in the above procedure are the reduction temperature and reduction time. When the reduction temperature was 1648 K and the reduction time 3 h, the reduction rate of Li in the spodumene ore exceeded 90%. Furthermore, the ferrosilicon alloy and alumina slag could be effectively separated from the reduction residue. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulation of the reduction process was combined with the experimental results to assess the vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism of spodumene ores. Compared with the existing Li extraction approach, this method has the advantages of a straightforward process flow, almost zero waste water/waste residue production, environmental compatibility, and increased resource exploitation. Based on the above, this work provides new insights for advancing the conventional technology used for Li extraction from spodumene ores.
Feasibility of streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin angular stabilization of the linear Boltzmann transport equation with magnetic fields
Authors: Swan Amanda , Yang Ray , Zelyak Oleksandr , St-Aubin Joel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To accurately model dose in a magnetic field, the Lorentz force must be included in the traditional linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE). Both angular and spatial stabilization are required to deterministically solve this equation. In this work, a streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method is applied to achieve angular stabilization of the LBTE with magnetic fields. The spectral radius of the angular SUPG method is evaluated using a Fourier analysis method to characterize the convergence properties. Simulations are then performed on homogeneous phantoms and two heterogeneous slab geometry phantoms containing water, bone, lung/air and water for 0.5 T parallel and 1.5 T perpendicular magnetic field configurations. Fourier analysis determined that the spectral radius of the SUPG scheme is unaffected by magnetic field strength and the SUPG free parameter, indicating that the Gauss-Seidel source iteration method is unconditionally stable and the convergence rate is not degraded with increasing magnetic field strength. 100% of simulation points passed a 3D gamma analysis at a 2%/2 mm (3%/3 mm) gamma criterion for both magnetic field configurations in the homogeneous phantom study, with the exception of the 1.5 T perpendicular magnetic field in the pure lung phantom where a 77.4% (87.0%) pass rate was achieved. Simulations in the lung slab geometry phantom resulted in 100% of points passing a 2%/2 mm gamma analysis in a 0.5 T parallel magnetic field, and 97.7% (98.8%) of points passing a 2%/2 mm (3%/3 mm) gamma criterion in a 1.5 T perpendicular magnetic field. For the air slab geometry phantom, 72.1% (79.2%) of points passed a 2%/2 mm gamma criterion in a 0.5 T parallel magnetic field and 90.3% (92.8%) passed the same gamma criterion in a 1.5 T perpendicular magnetic field. While the novel SUPG angular stabilization method shows feasibility in some cases, it was found that the accuracy of this method was degraded for very low density media such as air.
Sagnac-type entangled photon source using only conventional polarization optics
Authors: Lee Youn Seok , Xie Mengyu , Tannous Ramy , Jennewein Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We designed and implemented a novel combination of a Sagnac-interferometer with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for a source of polarization-entangled photons. The new versatile configuration does not require multi-wavelength polarization optics, yet it performs with a good polarization quality and phase-stability over a wide wavelength range. We demonstrate the interferometer using only standard commercial optics to experimentally realize the pulsed generation of polarization-entangled photon-pairs at wavelengths of 764 nm and 1221 nm via type-I spontaneous four-wave mixing in a polarization-maintaining fiber. Polarization entanglement was verified by a polarization-correlation measurement with a visibility of 95.5% from raw coincidence counts and the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality with S = 2.70 ± 0.04. The long-term phase-stability was characterized by an Allan deviation of 8° over an integration time of about 1 h with no active phase-stabilization.
Generation of generalized hybrid entanglement in cavity electro–optic systems
Authors: Zhang Feng-Yang , Yang Chui-Ping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Schrödinger’s cat paradox has revealed the entanglement between microscopic and macroscopic objects. Recently, several approaches have been proposed to generate such hybrid entangled state. In this paper, we demonstrate the generation of generalized hybrid entangled state in a cavity electro–optic system. The hybrid entangled state between the optical cavity and the microwave field is generated by a one-step evolution. Numerical simulations show that the high-fidelity entangled state is obtained even if the decay of the system is considered. Also, this proposal can be applied to generate macroscopic quantum superposition states of the microwave field.
Paradoxical Increase of 24-Hour Urinary Aldosterone Levels in Obese Patients With Resistant Hypertension on a High Salt Diet
Authors: Dudenbostel Tanja , Li Peng , Calhoun David A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Having previously reported that aldosterone levels increase progressively with body mass index (BMI), the current analysis was done to determine to what extent this association is related to dietary high salt intake. We anticipated that aldosterone levels would decrease with higher sodium status consistent with classical suppression of aldosterone release secondary to progressive fluid retention induced by high dietary sodium intake.

METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis of a large diverse cohort of 2,705 patients with resistant hypertension (HTN) seen in a referral HTN Clinic. Dietary sodium intake was indexed by 24-hour (h) urinary sodium (UNa), aldosterone status was determined by plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, and 24 h urinary aldosterone (UAldo). Patients with normal weight served as control.

RESULTS
In this study, 1,572 individuals with complete 24 h urine collections were analyzed. Mean BMI was 32.5 ± 7.1 kg/m2 and ranged from 24.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2 (first quartile) to 41.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2 (fourth quartile). BMI was positively associated with 24 h UNa and UAldo levels (P &lt; 0.0001), 24 h UNa and UAldo. There was a positively stronger correlation in obese (r = 0.273, P &lt; 0.0001) compared with normal weight individuals (r = 0.108, P = 0.0342) independent of number and classes of antihypertensive medications.

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis shows that there is an altered regulation of aldosterone in obese patients in the setting of high dietary salt intake.
struct: an R/Bioconductor-based framework for standardized metabolomics data analysis and beyond
Authors: Lloyd Gavin Rhys , Jankevics Andris , Weber Ralf J M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary
Implementing and combining methods from a diverse range of R/Bioconductor packages into ‘omics’ data analysis workflows represents a significant challenge in terms of standardization, readability and reproducibility. Here, we present an R/Bioconductor package, named struct (Statistics in R using Class-based Templates), which defines a suite of class-based templates that allows users to develop and implement highly standardized and readable statistical analysis workflows. Struct integrates with the STATistics Ontology to ensure consistent reporting and maximizes semantic interoperability. We also present a toolbox, named structToolbox, which includes an extensive set of commonly used data analysis methods that have been implemented using struct. This toolbox can be used to build data-analysis workflows for metabolomics and other omics technologies.

Availability and implementation
struct and structToolbox are implemented in R, and are freely available from Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/struct and http://bioconductor.org/packages/structToolbox), including documentation and vignettes. Source code is available and maintained at https://github.com/computational-metabolomics.
MobiDB-lite 3.0: fast consensus annotation of intrinsic disorder flavors in proteins
Authors: Necci Marco , Piovesan Damiano , Clementel Damiano , Dosztányi Zsuzsanna , Tosatto Silvio C E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The earlier version of MobiDB-lite is currently used in large-scale proteome annotation platforms to detect intrinsic disorder. However, new theoretical models allow for the classification of intrinsically disordered regions into subtypes from sequence features associated with specific polymeric properties or compositional bias.

Results
MobiDB-lite 3.0 maintains its previous speed and performance but also provides a finer classification of disorder by identifying regions with characteristics of polyolyampholytes, positive or negative polyelectrolytes, low-complexity regions or enriched in cysteine, proline or glycine or polar residues. Subregions are abundantly detected in IDRs of the human proteome. The new version of MobiDB-lite represents a new step for the proteome level analysis of protein disorder.

Availability and implementation
Both the MobiDB-lite 3.0 source code and a docker container are available from the GitHub repository: https://github.com/BioComputingUP/MobiDB-lite