bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density‐Dependent Effects of Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii on Experimental Populations of the Amargosa Pupfish
Authors: Paulson Brandon L. , Stockwell Craig A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe adverse effects of invasive species are expected to be proportional to their relative densities. However, interference competition among conspecifics when invasive species are at high densities could limit such effects. These alternative hypotheses inspired us to test the density‐specific effects of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii on experimental populations of the Amargosa Pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae. The presence of crayfish had a significant influence on the survival of adult pupfish. In allopatry, adult pupfish survival was nearly 100%. However, the presence of crayfish resulted in significantly lower survival rates for adult pupfish, 84% and 69% survival for the low‐ and high‐density crayfish treatments, respectively. Crayfish also significantly affected the production of juvenile pupfish, with high juvenile production in the allopatric (705 juveniles/mesocosm) and low‐density crayfish treatments (705 juveniles/mesocosm). Juvenile production in both of these groups was significantly higher than that in the groups sympatric with high‐density crayfish (271 juveniles/mesocosm). The same pattern was observed when we evaluated the number of juvenile pupfish that were produced per adult female. We tested the hypothesis that interference competition among the crayfish would decrease predator efficacy by comparing the high‐density crayfish treatment with a fourth high‐density crayfish treatment wherein the crayfish were tethered. There was no significant difference in the rate of adult survivorship of the Amargosa Pupfish in the tethered and untethered high‐density treatment groups (70% and 69%, respectively). However, tethering resulted in a significant increase in juvenile production in the high‐density crayfish treatments (493 and 271 juveniles per mesocosm were produced in the tethered and untethered groups, respectively). The same patterns were observed when we examined the number of juvenile pupfish that was produced per adult female. These findings are inconsistent with the interference competition hypothesis, while supporting the hypothesis of density‐dependent effects of crayfish on Amargosa Pupfish populations. These findings suggest that reducing crayfish density will be a beneficial management tool for reducing the effects of crayfish on benthic fish populations.
A phylogenetic revision of the genus Hypnum: Towards completion
Authors: Kučera Jan , Kuznetsova Oxana I. , Manukjanová Alžběta , Ignatov Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe taxonomy of pleurocarpous mosses has long been based on a few key characters such as the presence or absence of a single costa or the posture of the leaves. Molecular analyses performed in the past two decades have often challenged the traditional familial and generic delimitations, as these simple characters have evolved repeatedly. For nearly a century the genus Hypnum has been defined principally by the combination of falcate leaves with a short double costa, differentiated alar cells and the mostly procumbent growth form. Although several earlier treatments revealed the polyphyly of Hypnum in its traditional sense, none of them included a representative selection of the species on a worldwide basis. Therefore, we sampled most of the taxa that were attributed to the genus by the monographer H. Ando, and performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data from two chloroplast loci and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The outcome of this analysis was a revision of the phylogenetic affinities of these representative taxa; we also matched more than 15 molecularly defined lineages of Hypnum s.l. to morphological characters and solved several nomenclatural problems. Consequently, we suggest taxonomic and nomenclatural re‐arrangements, which encompass the vast majority of taxa attributed to Hypnum and do not contradict their known molecular affinities. We deliver additional support for some of the most recent delimitations of Hypnum s.l. but introduce new data to refute the proposals for the segregation of the genera Lignocariosa and Insomniella, which can be accommodated in the existing genera Pseudohygrohypnum and Calohypnum, respectively. Similarly, we dispute the inclusion of Hypnum sauteri in Anacamptodon and propose the establishment of a new genus for this species. Instead of placing Callicladium in the Hypnaceae and Jochenia in the Entodontaceae, respectively, we propose new families for these two genera. Finally, we propose three other new genera to accommodate (1) Hypnum circinale, (2) H. chrysogaster with H. subchrysogaster, and (3) H. dieckii, respectively. The main diagnostic features of Hypnum in earlier treatments are shown to represent broadly distributed homoplastic characters, correlated with adaptation to the habitat conditions, such as the moisture content.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Pastore José Floriano Barêa , Abbott J. Richard , Neubig Kurt M. , Van Den Berg Cassio , Mota Michelle Christine De Almeida , Cabral Andressa , Whitten W. Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe estimated phylogenetic relationships of Polygala inferred from nrITS, matK‐trnK, trnL intron, trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer, and rbcL sequence data, with emphasis on the New World clade. Our results did not support the New World and Old World clades as sister groups in Polygala. Relationships among Polygala and allied genera are being discussed, with the recovered clades compared to those of the current taxonomic delimitations. A biogeographic analysis using an ultrametric phylogenetic tree and calibrated with the fossil Paleosecuridaca as well as a reconstruction of the ancestral area are also provided.
Positioning using hybrid inductively‐capacitively coupled parallel line feeder
Authors: Ono Takahiro , Duong Quang‐Thang , Kaneko Yuya , Higashino Takeshi , Okada Minoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, we propose a one‐dimensional positioning technique using hybrid inductively–capacitively coupled parallel line feeder, suitable for indoor industrial applications. The proposed system enables a tag to detect its own position by sensing the standing wave pattern along the elongated feeder. If the tag measures only the magnetic field via inductive coupling, the detectable range of this approach is limited to approximately a quarter wavelength as the magnetic field strength repeats beyond this distance. To increase the detectable range, we use a special coupler to observe the standing wave patterns of both electric and magnetic fields and compare them with the reference patterns. Simulation and experiment results show that our method is capable of positioning in approximately a half wavelength. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the baryon-color-flavor (BCF) anomaly in vector-like theories
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider the most general fractional background fluxes in the color, flavor, and baryon number directions, compatible with the faithful action of the global symmetry of a given theory. We call the obstruction to gauging symmetries revealed by such backgrounds the baryon-color-flavor (BCF) ’t Hooft anomaly. We apply the BCF anomaly to vector- like theories, with fermions in higher-dimensional representations of arbitrary N-ality, and derive non-trivial constraints on their IR dynamics. In particular, this class of theories enjoys an independent discrete chiral symmetry and one may ask about the fate of this symmetry in the background of BCF fluxes. We show that, under certain conditions, an anomaly between the chiral symmetry and the BCF background rules out massless composite fermions as the sole player in the IR: either the composites do not form or additional contributions to the matching of the BCF anomaly are required. We can also give a flavor-symmetric mass to the fermions, smaller than or of order the strong scale of the theory, and examine the θ-angle periodicity of the theory in the BCF background. Interestingly, we find that the conditions that rule out the composites are the exact same conditions that lead to an anomaly of the θ periodicity: the massive theory will experience a phase transition as we vary θ from 0 to 2π.
The S-matrix bootstrap IV: multiple amplitudes
Authors: Homrich Alexandre , Penedones João , Toledo Jonathan , van Rees Balt C. , Vieira Pedro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We explore the space of consistent three-particle couplings in ℤ2-symmetric two-dimensional QFTs using two first-principles approaches. Our first approach relies solely on unitarity, analyticity and crossing symmetry of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes and extends the techniques of [2] to a multi-amplitude setup. Our second approach is based on placing QFTs in AdS to get upper bounds on couplings with the numerical conformal bootstrap, and is a multi-correlator version of [1]. The space of allowed couplings that we carve out is rich in features, some of which we can link to amplitudes in integrable theories with a ℤ2 symmetry, e.g., the three-state Potts and tricritical Ising field theories. Along a specific line our maximal coupling agrees with that of a new exact S-matrix that corresponds to an elliptic deformation of the supersymmetric Sine-Gordon model which preserves unitarity and solves the Yang-Baxter equation.
Afrocentric Attitudinal Reciprocity and Social Expectations of Employees: The Role of Employee-Centred CSR in Africa
Authors: Aju Oluseyi , Beddewela Eshani 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn view of the limited consideration for Afrocentric perspectives in organisational ethics literature, we examine Employee-Centred Corporate Social Responsibility (EC-CSR) from the perspective of Afrocentric employees’ social expectations. We posit that Afrocentric employees’ social expectations and the organisational practices for addressing these expectations differ from conventional conceptualisation. By focusing specifically upon the psychological attributes evolving from the fulfilment of employees’ social expectations, we argue that Afrocentric socio-cultural factors could influence perceived organisational support and perceived employee cynicism. We further draw upon social exchange theory to explore rational reciprocity (i.e. attitude and behaviour) evolving from the fulfilment and breach of employees’ social expectations at work. Contrary to the rational norm of reciprocity, we identify a reciprocity norm within which the breach of employees’ social expectations could in fact engender positive reciprocity rooted inesanreciprocity ideology—an ideology that emerged from the ethical tradition of theYorubapeople from Nigeria, West Africa. Overall, our paper elucidates the implications of Afrocentric peculiarities for employees’ social exchange within the African workplace, thus extending the present understanding in this regard.
Bacterial species recognized for the first time for its biocontrol activity against fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)
Authors: Mikiciński Artur , Puławska Joanna , Molzhigitova Assel , Sobiczewski Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study included eight bacterial isolates originating from the apple phyllosphere or soil environment that were previously selected using the pear fruitlet test (Mikiciński 2017). Identification of these isolates based on phenotypic assays and DNA analysis showed that five of them belonged to species for which an antagonistic activity against Erwinia amylovora and the protective capacity of apple and pear against fire blight were not previously demonstrated. These were L16 identified as Pseudomonas vancouverensis, 3 M as Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, 35 M – Pseudomonas congelans, 43 M – Enterobacter ludwigii, and 59 M – Pseudomonas protegens. Investigation of the biotic relationships between the tested strains and E. amylovora showed that 3 M, 35 M and 59 M inhibited the growth of the pathogen on five out of six media used (NAS, KB, LB, R2A, NAG), but 43 M did not do so on any of these media. Strain L16 did not inhibit the growth of the pathogen on LB or R2A medium. In contrast, all strains grown on medium 925 stimulated the growth of the pathogen, which showed no growth without co-cultivation with these strains. The experiments on apple trees and detached apple branches showed the ability of the tested bacteria to protect flowers at medium to high levels, depending on the experiment (55–93%). In some cases, this protection was even higher than that of the copper product used for comparison. In studies assessing the bacterial ability to protect shoots of M.26, the highest efficacy was observed for strains 35 M (96%) and 43 M (93%) but on ‘Gala Must’ all tested strains showed 100% of efficacy.
Asymptotic Height Distribution in High-Dimensional Sandpiles
Authors: Járai Antal A. , Sun Minwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe give an asymptotic formula for the single-site height distribution of Abelian sandpiles on $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$

Z

d

as $$d \rightarrow \infty $$

d
→
∞

, in terms of $$\mathsf {Poisson}(1)$$

Poisson
(
1
)

probabilities. We provide error estimates.
Radial Injection in Suspension High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (S-HVOF) Thermal Spray of Graphene Nanoplatelets for Tribology
Authors: Venturi F. , Hussain T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFriction is a major issue in energy efficiency of any apparatus composed of moving mechanical parts, affecting durability and reliability. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are good candidates for reducing friction and wear, and suspension high velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal spray is a promising technique for their scalable and fast deposition, but it can expose them to excessive heat. In this work, we explore radial injection of GNPs in SHVOF thermal spray as a means of reducing their interaction with the hot flame while still allowing a high momentum transfer and effective deposition. Feedstock injection parameters, such as flowrate, injection angle and position, were studied using high-speed imaging and particles temperature and velocity monitoring at different flame powers using Accuraspray 4.0. Unlubricated ball-on-flat sliding wear tests against an alumina counterbody ball showed a friction coefficient reduction up to a factor 10 compared to the bare substrate, down to 0.07. The deposited layer of GNPs protects the underlying substrate by allowing low-friction dry sliding. A transmission electron microscopy study showed GNPs preserved crystallinity after spray and became amorphized and wrinkled upon wear. This study focused on GNPs but could be relevant to other heat- and oxidation-sensitive materials such as polymers, nitrides and 2D materials.
Ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women as predictors of rape myth acceptance among male college students in Greater Jakarta
Authors: Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi , Utami Carina Putri , Primasari Indira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSexual violence against women, particularly in the form of rape, is a serious issue that must be addressed in Indonesia. However, victims of sexual violence are not enveloped by a supportive atmosphere due to the pervasive acceptance of rape myths in society. This study examined the role of ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women in predicting the acceptance of rape myths among male college students in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 275 male college students completed the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale-Short Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and Women Are Sexual Objects subscale from the Attitude Toward Dating and Relationship Measure Revised. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women significantly predicted rape myth acceptance, with sexual objectification of women tends to have more contribution. This finding explains that to develop and conduct prevention and treatment, both variables need to be addressed, with more attention given to the sexual objectification of women.
Role of CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Greinix Hildegard T. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are genetically engineered cells containing fusion proteins combining an extracellular epitope-specific binding domain, a transmembrane and signaling domains of the T cell receptor. The CD19-CAR T cell product tisagenlecleucel has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for therapy of children and young adults under 25 years with relapsed/refractory B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to a high overall response rate of 81% at 3 months after therapy. The rates of event-free and overall survival were 50 and 76% at 12 months. Despite the high initial response rate with CD19-CAR‑T cells in B‑ALL, relapses occur in a significant fraction of patients. Current strategies to improve CAR‑T cell efficacy focus on improved persistence of CAR‑T cells in vivo, use of multispecific CARs to overcome immune escape and new CAR designs. The approved CAR‑T cell products are from autologous T cells generated on a custom-made basis with an inherent risk of production failure. For large scale clinical applications, universal CAR‑T cells serving as “off-the-shelf” agents would be of advantage. During recent years CAR‑T cells have been frequently used for bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with relapsed/refractory B‑ALL since we currently are not able to distinguish those CAR‑T cell induced CRs that will persist without further therapy from those that are likely to be short-lived. CAR‑T cells are clearly of benefit for treatment following relapse after allogeneic HSCT. Future improvements in CAR‑T cell constructs may allow longer term remissions without additional HSCT.
Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin
Authors: Hemmilä Venla , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Adamopoulos Stergios , Eceiza Arantxa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be used for conversion into aromatic or platform chemicals. A-LS and S-LS had more aliphatic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic double bonds and C=O structures. All lignins had available C3/C5positions, which can increase reactivity towards adhesive precursors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) data indicated that the SCWH and S-LS lignin types can be suitable for production of carbon fibers. Lignosulfonates exhibited considerable higher water vapor adsorption as compared to the SCWH lignin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SCWH differed greatly from the lignosulfonates in purity, chemical structure, thermal stability and water sorption behavior. SCWH lignin showed great potential as raw material for aromatic compounds, carbon fibers, adhesives or polymers. Lignosulfonates are less suited for conversion into chemicals or carbon fibers, but due to the high amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, they can potentially be modified or used as adhesives, dispersants, or reinforcement material in polymers. For most value-adding applications, energy-intensive purification of the lignosulfonates would be required.Graphic Abstract
Delivery across the blood-brain barrier: nanomedicine for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Jena Lynn , McErlean Emma , McCarthy Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is heterogeneous, infiltrative, and associated with chemo- and radioresistance. Despite pharmacological advances, prognosis is poor. Delivery into the brain is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the efficacy of both conventional and novel therapies at the target site. Current treatments for GBM remain palliative rather than curative; therefore, innovative delivery strategies are required and nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront of future solutions. Since the FDA approval of Doxil® (1995) and Abraxane (2005), the first generation of nanomedicines, development of nano-based therapies as anti-cancer treatments has escalated. A new generation of NPs has been investigated to efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to the brain, overcoming the restrictive properties of the BBB. This review discusses obstacles encountered with systemic administration along with integration of NPs incorporated with conventional and emerging treatments. Barriers to brain drug delivery, NP transport mechanisms across the BBB, effect of opsonisation on NPs administered systemically, and peptides as NP systems are addressed.
New Iboga-Type Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata
Authors: Li Xiang-Mei , Jiang Xian-Jun , Wei Guo-Zhu , Ren Li-Hua , Wang Li-Xia , Cheng Xue-Lian , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two hitherto unknown iboga-type indole alkaloids, namely (3R)-7,19-di-epi-3-methoxytabernoxidine (1) and (3R,19R)-19-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)voacangine (2), together with eight known alkaloids (3–10), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and circular dichroism spectrum.

Graphic Abstract
Diterpenoid Alkaloids and One Lignan from the Roots of Aconitum pendulum Busch
Authors: Wang Jun , Meng Xian-Hua , Chai Tian , Yang Jun-Li , Shi Yan-Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiterpenoid alkaloids have neroprotective activity. Herein, three napelline-type diterpenoid alkaloids1–3, two aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids4–5, and one isoquinline-type alkaloid6, as well as one lignan glycoside7, have been isolated from the roots ofAconitum pendulumBusch. Compounds1and7were new compounds, and their chemical structures were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and mass spectrometry analysis. A ThT assay revealed that compound2showed significant disaggregation potency on the Aβ1−42aggregates.Graphical Abstract
Heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40)-impregnated mesoporous KIT-6 catalyst for green synthesis of bio-diesel using transesterification of non-edible neem oil
Authors: Sudhakar P. , Pandurangan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMesoporous Ia3d cubic structured KIT-6 support was prepared by hydrothermal strategy and heteropoly acid content (10, 20 and 30%) was stacked on KIT-6 by wet-impregnation technique. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2-sorption, NH3-TPD, ATFT-IR, TEM and SEM–EDAX analyses. Acid properties of the supported catalysts were investigated by pyridine-adsorbed ATFT-IR and NH3-TPD, respectively. Poly-anion coordination present in the catalyst was confirmed by the DRS-UV spectrum. The dispersion of heteropoly acid on the catalyst surface was observed by TEM analysis. Also, the presence of the elements such as W and P on the catalyst and its morphology were represented by the HRSEM–EDAX technique. The catalytic activity of HPWA/KIT-6 was investigated by the transesterification of neem oil with methanol. Among the different wt% catalyst, 20% catalyst showed highest neem oil conversion and selectivity at an optimized reaction temperature of 60 °C. Further, the spent catalyst was recovered and recycled three times, and it showed activity losses of less than 4%.