bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Intensity and Shoulder Musculoskeletal Physical Quality Responses in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Yoma Matias , Herrington Lee , Mackenzie Tanya Anne , Almond Timothy Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

Context
Shoulder pain is the main cause of missed or modified training in competitive swimmers. Shoulder musculoskeletal maladaptations occur to some extent as a consequence of training loads during swimming that may increase the risk of shoulder injury. Further evidence is needed to understand the training intensities at which these maladaptations occur.

Objective
To determine the acute effect of training intensity on the shoulder musculoskeletal physical qualities associated with shoulder injury in competitive swimmers.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Indoor swimming pool.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixteen asymptomatic national- and regional-level swimmers (7 females, 9 males; age = 14.6 ± 3.9 years, height = 160.5 ± 12.7 cm, mass = 55.3 ± 12.5 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Bilateral active shoulder-rotation range of motion (ROM), joint position sense, latissimus dorsi length, combined elevation test, and shoulder-rotation isometric peak torque and handgrip peak force normalized to body weight were measured before and immediately after low- and high-intensity swim-training sessions. The intensity of the sessions was determined by the distance swum over or at the pace threshold and confirmed by the swimmer's rating of perceived exertion.

Results
After the high-intensity training session, shoulder external-rotation ROM (dominant side: P &lt; .001, change = −7.8°; d = 1.10; nondominant side: P = .002, change = −6.5°, d = 1.02), internal-rotator isometric peak torque (dominant side: P &lt; .001, change = −11.4%, d = 0.42; nondominant side: P = .03, change = −6.6%, d = 0.20), and external-rotator isometric peak torque (dominant side: P = .004, change = −8.7%, d = 0.27; nondominant side: P = .02, change = −7.6%, d = 0.25) were reduced. No changes were found in any of the outcome measures after the low-intensity session.

Conclusions
Shoulder active external-rotation ROM and rotation isometric peak torque were decreased immediately after a high-intensity training session, possibly increasing the risk of injury during subsequent training. Monitoring these variables may help practitioners adjust and manage training loads to decrease the risk of shoulder injury.
"Oh God, Please Save Us from War": AN Ethography Study of Impact of War on Health Among Syrian Children Refuges in Lebanon and Their Experience Living with Health Problems
Authors: Bin Sidek Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim , Busu Burhanudin 
Published: November 2020

In nearly six years of armed conflict, more than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives and there were over 1 million Syrian refugees who had been registered in Lebanon in 2016. It has been reported that exposure to war causes injury, illness and breakdown in the health care structures especially to children. This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of war on health in children and to explore their experience living with health problems. A qualitative data from semi structured interview was conducted among mothers in refugee camp in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon Participants were purposefully sampled and asked to share their impact on war to health of their children. All interviews were written manually and analysed thematically. Ten participants were involved in this study. There were three main themes were identified, each of which led to health risks for the children; antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum. There was variety of health problems reported ranging from neurological, musculoskeletal disorder to ocular problems. The experience living with health problems were understood through construction of three thematic categories emerged; psychological burden, disruption of daily living and economic effect. In additional, the participants also highlighted the intergenerational impact of war on health predominantly mental disorder, congenital abnormalities, infectious disease and complication in pregnancy. In general, this paper provides an important understanding of impact of wars on health among vulnerable group which is children. The effects of wars on health and health care services are substantial. All these issues should be explored more to ensure the children received adequate health care. The results generated form this study can inspire new collaboration with many authorities in the design and implementation intervention to improve health status in war zone
Trauma, Disability and the "Wounded Healer"
Authors: Abbott David L. 
Published: November 2020

A medical memoir addressing the author’s history of trauma, limb loss, use of music as a resource, and how these experiences shaped his pursuit of education and career in music therapy. The significant influence of Jung’s “wounded healer” concept (particularly as elucidated by Kirmayer) on the development of the author’s identity as a clinician with a history of trauma is discussed. The importance of addressing the needs of wounded clinicians, and the risks and benefits of disclosure, are explored.
Music-Based Interventions with Informal Caregivers of Adult Care Recipients: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wilhelm Lindsey , Wilhelm Kyle 
Published: November 2020

Music therapists work with individuals with a wide variety of diagnoses, but minimal attention has been paid to informal caregivers caring for adults with these diagnoses. While some evidence for the use of music-based interventions (MBIs) has been presented in primary sources, a synthesis of current literature is needed to inform evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study was to identify what MBIs have been used with informal caregivers, the effects of these interventions, whether the interventions adequately fulfill the personal needs of caregivers as identified in previous literature, and the quality of MBI reporting. Ten studies met the predetermined criteria. Singing and music listening were the most frequently used interventions. Benefits for caregivers include self- and relationship-focused outcomes. The type of benefit (self- or relationship-focused) appears to be related to the participant unit of delivery of the MBI. Future research is necessary to replicate the outcomes of MBIs for informal caregivers reported in this review, and there is a need for increased transparency in reporting.Keywords: family caregivers, informal caregivers, music, music-based intervention
Protocol for a Neurophenomenological Investigation of a Guided Imagery and Music Experience (Part I)
Authors: Hunt Andrea McGraw 
Published: November 2020

Abstract This article, Part I of II, describes the rationale and background literature of an investigation into a music and imagery (GIM) experience modeled upon the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music[1]. This investigation aimed to obtain an integrated description of participants’ subjective experiences and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses during the GIM session in order to gain understanding into the integrated neuronal and experiential demands of imaginal listening to music while in an altered state of consciousness (ASC). Neuroscience research has demonstrated the utility of EEG for investigating neuronal responses during ASCs, imagery, and music experiences. Additionally, several phenomenological studies have provided insight into the value and nature of client imagery in GIM contexts. Given evidence of both psychological and physiological benefits of the Bonny Method, and given the ever-growing neuroscience literature relating to phenomena occurring in GIM, there are likely relationships between participants’ imagery experiences and their brain behavior during a GIM session. This foundation justifies the use of neurophenomenology as a means of integrating individual participants’ EEG traces with their descriptions of their imagery experiences during a GIM session in order to obtain a description of the relationships between their subjective and neuronal phenomena. Keywords: Bonny Method, Guided Imagery and Music, neurophenomenology, EEG, Neuroimaging.
Music Therapy and Procedural Support: Opportunities for Practice
Authors: Beer Laura E , Lee Kathrine V 
Published: November 2020

The use of music therapy for procedural support is an area of increasing interest yet has little research supporting it as an evidence-based practice. Throughout this article there is an emphasis on the use of music therapy in the pediatric hospital setting, but not exclusively. Procedural support is becoming a commonplace term in music therapy yet there is little information to unify the variety of techniques and practices involved in this particular approach to treatment. This article surveys current literature regarding procedural support, including music therapy supports, child life supports, and medical supports. Definitions of terms are offered and a working definition of procedural support is proposed.
De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette – deel 4: de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
Authors: van Steenbergen Elianne , van Bruggen Frans 
Published: November 2020

De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette – deel 4: de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
Voor deze aflevering van het estafette-interview spraken Elianne van Steenbergen en Frans van Bruggen namens de redactie van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht met Monique Verdier, sinds 1 februari 2019 vicevoorzitter in de raad van bestuur en Katja Mur, sinds 1 januari 2019 lid van de raad van bestuur. Mede naar aanleiding van de suggesties van Martijn Snoep, bestuurslid van de Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM), die we interviewden voor nummer 2020-3 van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, spraken wij met Katja en Monique over hoe privacy zich verhoudt tot andere publieke waarden en de rol die privacy speelt in de coronacrisis.
Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Regulation with Financial Frictions
Authors: Agénor Pierre-Richard 
Published: November 2020

An integrated analysis of how financial frictions can be accounted for in macroeconomic models built to study monetary policy and macroprudential regulation.
Since the global financial crisis, there has been a renewed effort to emphasize financial frictions in designing closed- and open-economy macroeconomic models for monetary and macroprudential policy analysis. Drawing on the extensive literature of the past decade as well as his own contributions, in this book Pierre-Richard Agénor provides a unified set of theoretical and quantitative macroeconomic models with financial frictions to explore issues that have emerged in the wake of the crisis. These include the need to understand better how the financial system amplifies and propagates shocks originating elsewhere in the economy; how it can itself be a source of aggregate fluctuations; the extent to which central banks should account for financial stability considerations in the conduct of monetary policy; whether national central banks and regulators should coordinate their policies to promote macroeconomic and financial stability; and how much countercyclical macroprudential policies should be coordinated at the international level to mitigate financial spillovers across countries.
Agénor focuses on upper middle-income countries, which differ from advanced economies in terms of both their structural features (which include a financial sector dominated by banks, weak supervisory capacity, and a high degree of vulnerability to external shocks) and their long-standing policy challenges (such as managing volatile capital flows). Some of the analytical insights and broad policy lessons that can be drawn from the book will be of relevance to advanced economies as well.
Rhythm generation in organotypic medullary cultures of newborn rats
Authors: Baker R.E. , Ballantyne D. , Bingmann D. , Jones D. , Widman G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOrganotypic transverse medullary slices (obex level) from six‐day‐old rats, cultured for two to four weeks in chemically defined medium contained rhythmically discharging neurones which were activated by CO2 and H+. The mechanisms underlying this rhythmicity and the spread of excitation and synaptic transmission within this organotypic tissue were examined by modifying the composition of the external solution. Our findings showed that (1) Exposure to tetrodotoxin (0.2 μM) or to high magnesium (6 mM) and low calcium (0.2 mM) concentrations abolished periodic activity. (2) Neither the blockade of GABAergic potentials with bicuculline methiodide (200 μM) and/or hydroxysaclofen (200 μM) nor the blockade of glycinergic potentials with strychnine hydrochloride (100 μM) abolished rhythmicity. (3) While atropine sulphate (5 μM) was ineffective in modulating periodic discharges nicotine (100 μM) — like CO2 — shortened the intervals between the periodic events; hexamethonium (50–100 μM) reduced both periodic and aperiodic activity. (4) Exposure to the NMDA antagonist 2‐aminophosphonovaleric acid (50 μM) suppressed periodic events only transiently. In the presence of 2‐aminophosphonovaleric acid rhythmicity recovered. However, the AMPA‐antagonist 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (10–50 μM), abolished periodic activity reversibly within less than 5 min. When 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione and nicotine were administered simultaneously periodic events persisted for up to 10 min. These findings indicate that synaptic excitatory drive is a prerequisite for the generation of rhythmic discharges of medullary neurones in this preparation. This drive may activate voltage‐dependent channels or it may facilitate endogenous cellular mechanisms which initiate oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration. To test the latter possibility (5) calcium antagonists were added to the bath saline. The organic calcium antagonists verapamil and flunarizine (50–100 μM each) and the inorganic calcium antagonists cobalt (2 mM) and magnesium (6 mM) suppressed periodic activity and abolished or weakened the chemosensitivity towards CO2/acidosis. (6) Dantrolene (10 μM), an inhibitor of intracellular calcium release decreased the periodicity, while thapsigargin (2 μM) which blocks endoplasmic Ca2+‐ATPase, transiently accelerated the occurrence of periodic events. (7) Oscillations of intracellular free calcium concentrations in Fura‐2 AM‐loaded cells were weakened or abolished by cobalt (2 mM). The results of (5)–(7) indicate that transmembrane calcium fluxes as well as intracellular Ca2+‐release and ‐clearance mechanisms are a prerequisite for intracellular free calcium oscillations which may be important in the generation of rhythmic discharges in medullary neurones.
Dysthymia and depressive disorders: dopamine hypothesis
Authors: Gessa GL 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis paper reviews the recent literature supporting the hypothesis that reduced neurotransmission in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system may sustain some of the symptoms of depressive conditions including dysthymia. Experimental evidences indicate that mesolimbic DA plays a crucial role in controlling incentive, motivation and reward. Additionally, in different models of depression, a reduced DA activity in the limbic system, reversed by chronic antidepressant treatment, is observed. Finally, different antidepressants, irrespective of their acute action on the uptake of norepinephrine or serotonin, have the common property when given chronically to potentiate behavioural responses to DA agonists. The DA hypothesis of depression offers an explanation for the antidepressive effect of drugs such as sulpiride and amisulpride given at low doses, that preferentially block DA autoreceptors and thereby increase DA output.
The efficacy of a dose-escalated application of transdermal nicotine plus sulpiride in Tourette’s syndrome
Authors: Dursun SM , Reveley MA 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe addition of a dose-escalated regimen of transdermal nicotine patches (TNP) improved tics of a non-smoker patient with Tourette's syndrome, whose tics did not respond to sulpiride. This improvement, as assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, lasted for up to 8 weeks, but not 16 weeks. An explanation for the efficacy of TNP is presented.
Maternal serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P‐LAP)/oxytocinase and preterm delivery
Authors: Kozaki H , Itakura A , Okamura M , Ohno Y , Wakai K , Mizutani S 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To test the applicability of maternal serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P‐LAP) as a parameter for predicting preterm delivery. Patients and Methods: Maternal serum P‐LAP activity of 61 consecutive women with preterm labor at admission were assayed and examined to assess the relationship of levels to the incidence of preterm and term deliveries. Results: When P‐LAP activity of study patient serum was at or below the 10th percentile, we found a greater ratio of preterm delivery (P=0.0085) and an approximately 2.3‐fold increase risk. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 29, 97, 89 and 62%, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal serum P‐LAP activity decreases in cases with spontaneous preterm delivery and may be a clinically potential marker for some cases of preterm labor.
Transynaptic modulation by insulin‐like growth factor I of dendritic spines in Purkinje cells
Authors: Nieto‐bona M.P. , Garcia‐segura L.M. , Torres‐alemán I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPurkinje cells synthesize insulin‐like growth factor I and express insulin‐like growth factor I receptors during their entire life. An additional source of insulin‐like growth factor I for these cells is provided by climbing fiber afferents originating in the inferior olive nucleus. Recently we found that insulin‐like growth factor I from the inferior olive is necessary for motor learning processes probably involving Purkinje cell synaptic plasticity. We now studied whether inferior olive insulin‐like growth factor I influences the synaptic structure of Purkinje cells, because changes in synaptic morphology are related to neuronal plasticity events. We injected an insulin‐like growth factor I antisense in the inferior olive of adult rats, a procedure which we previously found to elicit a significant and reversible decrease of insulin‐like growth factor I levels in the contralateral cerebellum. Ultrastructural analysis of the cerebellar cortex of these animals showed a significant reduction in the size of dendritic spines on Purkinje cells of antisense‐treated rats compared to controls. The decrease in spine size was linked to a diminished numerical density of dendritic spines on Purkinje cells, without affecting the numerical density of synapses in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. This reduction was not due to a change in the thickness of the molecular layer. Climbing or parallel fiber terminals were also unaffected.Taken together with previous findings, these results support a role for insulin‐like growth factor I produced in the inferior olive in the maintenance of Purkinje cell synaptic plasticity.
Agony and ecstasy: a review of MDMA effects and toxicity
Authors: Burgess C. , O’Donohoe A. , Gill M. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryBackgroundBackground – Ecstasy is a recreational drug with an anecdotal reputation for safety. However, reports of adverse effects and fatalities have increased in the medical and popular press.MethodsMethod – Literature search and review.ResultsResults – Acute Ecstasy toxicity does not appear to be due to overdose and cannot be solely attributed to the nature of the usual ambient environment. Adverse effects include hyperthermia, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, hyponatraemia and many psychiatric disorders. Ecstasy causes serotonergic neurotoxicity in the brains of animals at doses close to those used by humans, but its long-term effect on the human brain is unknown.ConclusionsConclusion – Ecstasy toxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a variety of medical and psychiatric conditions. Given its popularity, both the acute and the potential long-term effects are a cause for concern.
Prevalence of subthreshold forms of psychiatric disorders in persons making suicide attempts in Hungary
Authors: Balázs J. , Bitter I. , Lecrubier Y. , Csiszér N , Ostorharics G. 
Published: July 2002

summaryBackground– Suicide and suicide attempts have been associated to psychiatric illnesses; however, little is known about the role in suicide risk of those symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for a DSM-IV disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of subthreshold psychiatric disorders among suicide attempters in Hungary.Methods– Using a modified structured interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) determining 16 Axis I psychiatric diagnoses and their subthreshold forms defined by the DSM-IV and a semistructured interview collecting background information, the authors examined 140 consecutive suicide attempters, aged 18–65 years.Results– Eighty-three-point-six percent of the attempters had one or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and in addition more than three-quarters (78.6%) of the subjects had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. Six-point-four percent of the subjects (N = 9) had neither subthreshold nor threshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts. Ten percent of the subjects (N = 14), not meeting the full criteria for any DSM-IV diagnoses, had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. In 68.6% of the subjects (N = 96), both subthreshold and threshold disorders were diagnosed at the time of their suicide attempts. The number of subthreshold and threshold diagnoses were positively and significantly related (χ2 = 5.12, df = 1,P < 0.05). Sixty-three-point-six percent of the individuals received two or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and 44.3% of the individuals (N = 62) had two or more subthreshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts.Limitations– The subthreshold definitions in this study included only those forms of the disorders which required the same duration as the criteria DSM-IV disorder with fewer symptoms.Conclusions– Suicide attempts showed a very high prevalence of subthreshold disorders besides psychiatric disorders meeting the full criteria required according to the DSM-IV. Subthreshold forms of mental disorders need to be taken into account in suicide prevention.