bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the pregnancy exposome and fetal growth
Authors: Agier Lydiane , Basagaña Xavier , Hernandez-Ferrer Carles , Maitre Léa , Tamayo Uria Ibon , Urquiza Jose , Andrusaityte Sandra , Casas Maribel , de Castro Montserrat , Cequier Enrique , Chatzi Leda , Donaire-Gonzalez David , Giorgis-Allemand Lise , Gonzalez Juan R , Grazuleviciene Regina , Gützkow Kristine B , Haug Line S , Sakhi Amrit K , McEachan Rosemary R C , Meltzer Helle M , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Robinson Oliver , Roumeliotaki Theano , Sunyer Jordi , Thomsen Cathrine , Vafeiadi Marina , Valentin Antonia , West Jane , Wright John , Siroux Valérie , Vrijheid Martine , Slama Rémy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral environmental contaminants were shown to possibly influence fetal growth, generally from single exposure family studies, which are prone to publication bias and confounding by co-exposures. The exposome paradigm offers perspectives to avoid selective reporting of findings and to control for confounding by co-exposures. We aimed to characterize associations of fetal growth with the pregnancy chemical and external exposomes.MethodsWithin the Human Early-Life Exposome project, 131 prenatal exposures were assessed using biomarkers and environmental models in 1287 mother–child pairs from six European cohorts. We investigated their associations with fetal growth using a deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) algorithm considering all exposures simultaneously, and an exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently. We corrected for exposure measurement error and tested for exposure–exposure and sex–exposure interactions.ResultsThe DSA model identified lead blood level, which was associated with a 97 g birth weight decrease for each doubling in lead concentration. No exposure passed the multiple testing-corrected significance threshold of ExWAS; without multiple testing correction, this model was in favour of negative associations of lead, fine particulate matter concentration and absorbance with birth weight, and of a positive sex-specific association of parabens with birth weight in boys. No two-way interaction between exposure variables was identified.ConclusionsThis first large-scale exposome study of fetal growth simultaneously considered &gt;100 environmental exposures. Compared with single exposure studies, our approach allowed making all tests (usually reported in successive publications) explicit. Lead exposure is still a health concern in Europe and parabens health effects warrant further investigation.
Visualization of user’s attention on objects in 3D environment using only eye tracking glasses
Authors: Li Ting-Hao , Suzuki Hiromasa , Ohtake Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEye tracking technology is widely applied to detect user’s attention in a 2D field, such as web page design, package design, and shooting games. However, because our surroundings primarily consist of 3D objects, applications will be expanded if there is an effective method to obtain and display user’s 3D gaze fixation. In this research, a methodology is proposed to demonstrate the user’s 3D gaze fixation on a digital model of a scene using only a pair of eye tracking glasses. The eye tracking glasses record user’s gaze data and scene video. Thus, using image-based 3D reconstruction, a 3D model of the scene can be reconstructed from the frame images; simultaneously, the transformation matrix of each frame image can be evaluated to find 3D gaze fixation on the 3D model. In addition, a method that demonstrates multiple users’ 3D gaze fixation on the same digital model is presented to analyze gaze distinction between different subjects. With this preliminary development, this approach shows potential to be applied to a larger environment and conduct a more reliable investigation.
The Role of Deposit Insurance in Bank Resolution
Authors: Hofmann Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deposit Insurance Schemes (DIS) are mechanisms that reimburse depositors when banks default; however, they also serve important functions in bank resolution proceedings. Whereas it is evident that DIS should contribute to the rescue of banks’ critical financial functions in such resolution scenarios, the resulting questions of who should benefit from their payments and whether these payments result in any repayment obligations have so far remained unaddressed. In response to these questions, the article suggests distinguishing between scenarios in which banks’ critical financial functions are transferred to other institutions and scenarios in which the critical financial functions remain with recapitalized banks. The latter is the more complex situation because it leads to the survival of the bank in resolution and raises the question of hierarchies among several groups of contributors to recapitalizations. The article argues for a subordinate role for DIS in these hierarchies and suggests that DIS payments should lead to holdings of Tier 2 regulatory capital in recapitalized banks.
Patriot Games, War Games, and Political Football: A Constructivist Analysis of Militarization in an American Sport
Authors: Vasquez Joseph Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractI argue that constructivism can help us understand the political dimension of sports generally and specifically the norms, meaning, and social identity of American football. More specifically, I contend that football’s development in the United States built it into a cultural force associated with militarist and patriotic norms that politicians could leverage for political support when deep domestic divisions existed concerning national security. This phenomenon resulted from the game’s social transformation from a primarily civilian, leisure-time form of recreation and entertainment into a socially constructed symbol for military recruitment by a reinforcing “gridiron triangle” comprised of actors from the military bureaucracy, football teams and leagues, and the sports media. Because of this social phenomenon, American presidents such as Richard Nixon and Donald Trump have attempted to use football as a cultural asset for bolstering support when their national security credentials were seriously questioned. In the case of Nixon, it happened when the United States was divided over the Vietnam War. As for the Trump administration, a similar situation emerged amid investigations of collusion between the Russian government and the Trump campaign and the subsequent manipulation of military aid designed to contain Russian expansion in Ukraine for partisan, electoral gains.
‘Attention, attention, exploring minds acknowledge digital structure!’ The shift to digital humanities has happened, so what should information scientists do in response?
Authors: Engerer Volkmar P 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the digital humanities on information science and information scientists and how information scientists can contribute to digital collaborations in the digital humanities. This article uses three basic concepts—user-researcher, digital information system, and digital research object—as the framework for a description of the digital humanities shift and discusses the consequences of this shift for information science with reference to these concepts. The second part of the article investigates the two pillars of the digital humanities shift, acknowledgement of digital structure and the exploring mind, in more detail. In the case of correspondences, acknowledgement of digital structure involves respecting the ‘thing-like’ properties of letters that cannot be handled (searched, classified, etc.) unless they are translated into digitized metadata; this elevates metadata to genuine digital research objects. These theoretical issues are illustrated by the Prior archive, a collection of digitized letters, manuscript drafts, and other ‘grey’ material bequeathed from the New Zealand logician-philosopher Arthur Norman Prior. The concept of the ‘exploring mind’ is connected to a movement in information science, away from the needful user and information gap paradigm towards more open and exploratory information behaviour in the digital humanities. A concluding literature review examines selected works of information science that deals with non-standard, serendipitous information behaviour and identifies exploratory and serendipitous design features of information systems for the digital humanities. These features are represented in a taxonomy consisting of six design categories.
Formation sites of Population III star formation: The effects of different levels of rotation and turbulence on the fragmentation behaviour of primordial gas
Authors: Wollenberg Katharina M J , Glover Simon C O , Clark Paul C , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the moving-mesh code arepo to investigate the effects of different levels of rotation and turbulence on the fragmentation of primordial gas and the formation of Population III stars. We consider nine different combinations of turbulence and rotation and carry out five different realizations of each setup, yielding one of the largest sets of simulations of Population III star formation ever performed. We find that fragmentation in Population III star-forming systems is a highly chaotic process and show that the outcomes of individual realizations of the same initial conditions often vary significantly. However, some general trends are apparent. Increasing the turbulent energy promotes fragmentation, while increasing the rotational energy inhibits fragmentation. Within the ∼1000 yr period that we simulate, runs including turbulence yield flat protostellar mass functions while purely rotational runs show a more top-heavy distribution. The masses of the individual protostars are distributed over a wide range from a few $10^{-3} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ to several tens of M⊙. The total mass growth rate of the stellar systems remains high throughout the simulations and depends only weakly on the degree of rotation and turbulence. Mergers between protostars are common, but predictions of the merger fraction are highly sensitive to the criterion used to decide whether two protostars should merge. Previous studies of Population III star formation have often considered only one realization per set of initial conditions. However, our results demonstrate that robust trends can only be reliably identified by considering averages over a larger sample of runs.
Concordance of various chromosomal errors among different parts of the embryo and the value of re-biopsy in embryos with segmental aneuploidies
Authors: Navratil Rostislav , Horak Jakub , Hornak Miroslav , Kubicek David , Balcova Maria , Tauwinklova Gabriela , Travnik Pavel , Vesela Katerina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chromosomal mosaicism detected during preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and its impact on embryo implantation have been widely discussed, and healthy live births from mosaic embryos were reported by many groups. On the other hand, only very few studies have focused on segmental chromosome aneuploidies and their clinical impact. Eighty-nine embryos with various PGT-A results (trophectoderm 1: TE1) were re-analysed using a second trophectoderm biopsy (TE2) and the rest of the embryo (RE) for testing. Of 19 euploid TE1 biopsies, 18 were concordant across TE2 and RE. Similarly, whole chromosomal aneuploidies were concordant in 59 of 62 TE1-TE2 and 58 TE1-RE. In contrast, from 31 segmental aneuploidies detected in TE1, only 15 were observed again in TE2 and 14 in RE. If a TE1 segmental abnormality appeared again in TE2, it was almost always present in RE (17/18) as well. Moreover, when a TE1 segmental abnormality was not detected in TE2, in 12 out of 13 cases RE was also unaffected. Similarly, only 1 of 26 TE1 whole chromosome mosaics were repeated in TE2 and 7 in RE. Our study confirms that euploid and whole chromosomal aneuploidy results are highly predictive of the embryo. In contrast, mosaicism has a very low concordance rate. Most importantly, re-biopsy of embryos with segmental aneuploidies demonstrated that they are mostly not uniform across the embryo. Finally, in the case of segmental aneuploidy, the second biopsy enables an accurate prediction of the real status of the embryo and could be offered to patients undergoing PGT-A.
Enhancer occlusion transcripts regulate the activity of human enhancer domains via transcriptional interference: a computational perspective
Authors: Pande Amit , Makalowski Wojciech , Brosius Jürgen , Raabe Carsten A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnalysis of ENCODE long RNA-Seq and ChIP-seq (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing) datasets for HepG2 and HeLa cell lines uncovered 1647 and 1958 transcripts that interfere with transcription factor binding to human enhancer domains. TFBSs (Transcription Factor Binding Sites) intersected by these ‘Enhancer Occlusion Transcripts’ (EOTrs) displayed significantly lower relative transcription factor (TF) binding affinities compared to TFBSs for the same TF devoid of EOTrs. Expression of most EOTrs was regulated in a cell line specific manner; analysis for the same TFBSs across cell lines, i.e. in the absence or presence of EOTrs, yielded consistently higher relative TF/DNA-binding affinities for TFBSs devoid of EOTrs. Lower activities of EOTr-associated enhancer domains coincided with reduced occupancy levels for histone tail modifications H3K27ac and H3K9ac. Similarly, the analysis of EOTrs with allele-specific expression identified lower activities for alleles associated with EOTrs. ChIA-PET (Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing) and 5C (Carbon Copy Chromosome Conformation Capture) uncovered that enhancer domains associated with EOTrs preferentially interacted with poised gene promoters. Analysis of EOTr regions with GRO-seq (Global run-on) data established the correlation of RNA polymerase pausing and occlusion of TF-binding. Our results implied that EOTr expression regulates human enhancer domains via transcriptional interference.
Pipeline Embolization Device Versus Stent-Assisted Coiling for Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Salem Mohamed M , Ravindran Krishnan , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Ascanio Luis C , Jordan Noah , Gomez-Paz Santiago , Foreman Paul M , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J , Moore Justin M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic) and stent-assisted coiling (SAC) are established modalities for treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Objective
To comparatively assess the efficacy of these techniques.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with aneurysms treated at our institution with either PED from 2013 to 2017 or SAC from 2009 to 2015. All large (>10 mm), ruptured, fusiform, anterior communicating artery, posterior circulation aneurysms, and patients with no available follow-up imaging were eliminated before running the propensity score matching (PSM). Patients were matched using nearest neighbor controlling for: age, gender, smoking, exact location, maximal diameter, and presence of multiple aneurysms. Total hospital costs for equipment and implants were calculated from procedure product and hospital billing records, and compared between the propensity-matched pairs.

Results
Out of 165 patients harboring 202 aneurysms; 170 (84.2%) were treated with the PED, and 32 (15.8%) were treated using SAC. PSM resulted in 23 matched pairs; with significantly longer follow up in the SAC group (mean 29.8 vs 14.1 mo; P = .0002). Complete occlusion rates were not different (82.6 vs 87%; P = .68), with no difference between the groups for modified Rankin Scale on last clinical follow-up, procedural complications or retreatment rates. Average total costs calculated from the hospital records, including equipment and implants, were not different between propensity-score matched pairs (P = .48).

Conclusion
PED placement and SAC offer equally efficacious occlusion rates, functional outcomes, procedural complication rates, and cost profiles for small unruptured anterior circulation saccular aneurysms which do not involve the anterior communicating artery.
Disparities in Shigellosis Incidence by Census Tract Poverty, Crowding, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States, FoodNet, 2004–2014
Authors: Libby Tanya , Clogher Paula , Wilson Elisha , Oosmanally Nadine , Boyle Michelle , Eikmeier Dana , Nicholson Cynthia , McGuire Suzanne , Cieslak Paul , Golwalkar Mugdha , Geissler Aimee , Vugia Duc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Shigella causes an estimated 500 000 enteric illnesses in the United States annually, but the association with socioeconomic factors is unclear.

Methods
We examined possible epidemiologic associations between shigellosis and poverty using 2004–2014 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data. Shigella cases (n = 21 246) were geocoded, linked to Census tract data from the American Community Survey, and categorized into 4 poverty and 4 crowding strata. For each stratum, we calculated incidence by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and FoodNet site. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the highest to lowest stratum.

Results
Annual FoodNet Shigella incidence per 100 000 population was higher among children &lt;5 years old (19.0), blacks (7.2), and Hispanics (5.6) and was associated with Census tract poverty (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5–3.8) and household crowding (IRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7–1.9). The association with poverty was strongest among children and persisted regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, or geographic location. After controlling for demographic variables, the association between shigellosis and poverty remained significant (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6).

Conclusions
In the United States, Shigella infections are epidemiologically associated with poverty, and increased incidence rates are observed among young children, blacks, and Hispanics.
High-Cost, High-Need Users of Acute Unscheduled HIV Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Grant Conor , Bergin Colm , O’Connell Sarah , Cotter John , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh-cost, high-need users are defined as patients who accumulate large numbers of emergency department visits and hospital admissions that might have been prevented by relatively inexpensive early interventions and primary care. This phenomenon has not been previously described in HIV-infected individuals.MethodsWe analyzed the health records of HIV-infected individuals using scheduled or unscheduled inpatient or outpatient health care in St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, from October 2014 to October 2015.ResultsTwenty-two of 2063 HIV-infected individuals had a cumulative length of stay &gt;30 days in the study period. These individuals accrued 99 emergency department attendances and 1581 inpatient bed days, with a direct cost to the hospital of &gt;€1 million during the study period. Eighteen of 22 had potentially preventable requirements for unscheduled care. Two of 18 had a late diagnosis of HIV. Sixteen of 18 had not been successfully engaged in outpatient HIV care and presented with consequences of advanced HIV. Fourteen of 16 of those who were not successfully engaged in care had ≥1 barrier to care (addiction, psychiatric disease, and/or homelessness).ConclusionsA small number of HIV-infected individuals account for a high volume of acute unscheduled care. Intensive engagement in outpatient care may prevent some of this usage and ensuing costs.
Should We Sacrifice the Utilitarians First?
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is commonly thought that morality applies universally to all human beings as moral targets, and our general moral obligations to people will not, as a rule, be affected by their views. I propose and explore a radical, alternative normative moral theory, ‘Designer Ethics’, according to which our views are pro tanto crucial determinants of how, morally, we ought to be treated. For example, since utilitarians are more sympathetic to the idea that human beings may be sacrificed for the greater good, perhaps it is permissible (or, even under certain conditions, obligatory) to give them ‘priority’ as potential victims. This odd idea has manifold drawbacks but I claim that it also has substantial advantages, that it has some affinities to more commonly accepted moral positions, and that it should be given a significant role in our ethical thinking.
Effect of a pine enhanced biochar on growth performance, carcass quality, and feeding behavior of feedlot steers1
Authors: Terry Stephanie A , Redman Abby-Ann P , Ribeiro Gabriel O , Chaves Alex V , Beauchemin Karen A , Okine Erasmus , McAllister Tim A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enhanced biochar (EB) on growth performance, carcass quality, and feeding behavior of feedlot steers fed high-forage and high-grain diets. A total of 160 crossbred steers (initial 286 ± 26 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 16 pens (10 steers per pen), 8 of which were equipped with the GrowSafe system for monitoring feeding behavior. Treatments were EB included in the diet at 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% (dry matter [DM] basis) with four pens per treatment. The backgrounding phase (84 d) was divided into four 21-d periods, and the finishing phase (112 d) was divided into four 28-d periods, with a 28-d transition period for dietary adaptation. Pen was the experimental unit for all parameters except for feeding behavior, where steer was considered the experimental unit. Treatment was included as a fixed effect, and period was considered a repeated measure. Total weight gain and overall average daily gain (ADG) tended to decrease (P = 0.06) with 2.0% EB. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.13) of EB on dry matter intake (DMI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), net energy for gain, ADG, or final BW for the backgrounding or finishing phases. There was a treatment × period effect (P &lt; 0.05) of EB on DMI, ADG, and G:F for both backgrounding and finishing phases. Hot carcass weight, dressing %, back fat, rib-eye area, and meat yield were not affected (P ≥ 0.26) by EB. Lean meat yield was increased (P = 0.03) by 2.0% EB compared to all other treatments. Compared to the control, 2.0% EB increased (P = 0.02) the number of carcasses that achieved Canada 1 grade. More (P = 0.05) carcasses from control steers were graded as Canada 3 as compared to those fed 0.5% or 2.0% EB. Quality grade and incidences of liver abscesses were not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by EB. Enhanced biochar had no effect (P ≥ 0.11) on feeding behavior during backgrounding or finishing phases. In conclusion, EB did not result in changes in growth rate, feed efficiency, or feeding behavior in feedlot cattle, but 2.0% EB increased lean carcass yield grade.