bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Freedom of Information Act Foil the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Intent to Keep Investigations Confidential?
Authors: Coleman Braiden , Merkley Kenneth , Miller Brian , Pacelli Joseph 
Published: August 2020

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a long-standing policy to keep formal investigations confidential. In this study, we examine the extent to which compliance with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) provides investors with information about ongoing SEC investigations. We exploit a unique empirical setting whereby the SEC denies FOIA requests because of ongoing enforcement proceedings (hereafter, exemption denials). We find that exemption denials predict a substantial number of ongoing and future SEC investigations. Exemption denials are also associated with significant negative future abnormal returns, which is consistent with exemption denials providing a noisy public signal that allows certain sophisticated investors to earn future abnormal returns. Overall, our findings suggest that information transparency laws such as FOIA have the potential to limit the SEC’s ability to maintain effective and confidential investigations. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
A UK-wide analysis of trait emotional intelligence in occupational therapists
Authors: McKenna Jacqueline , Webb Jo Anne , Weinberg Ashley 
Published: August 2020

Background/aims Emotional intelligence enables recognition, understanding and management of emotions of self and others, supporting development of communication, relationship building and engagement skills. The application of emotional intelligence supports technical and non-technical competence, facilitating confidence, leadership and capability in the workplace. This study profiles trait emotional intelligence in a sample of UK occupational therapists and explores its relationships with a range of demographic and self-rated job satisfaction variables. Methods A UK-wide online survey of occupational therapists was carried out, which included the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Short Form). A total of 808 participants responded. Three main analyses investigated differences between the occupational sample and wider population, the subgroups (gender and work role), as well as the relationships between emotional intelligence and demographic and job satisfaction variables. Results Analyses highlighted that occupational therapists scored higher than the population norms for global emotional intelligence and on each of the four subfactors. Within the study sample, a significant gender difference was observed for emotionality (lower among men); self-control was significantly correlated with age and years since qualification. Increased satisfaction in the job scores were consistently and strongly associated with emotional intelligence scores. Salary band was positively associated with emotional intelligence. Conclusions: The findings consider the potential impact of emotional intelligence levels on performance and leadership, vital in today's climate of emerging practice and less traditional roles for occupational therapists. This study has shown that occupational therapists scored higher than the population norms for Global emotional intelligence and on each of the four emotional intelligence subfactors. Emotional intelligence abilities are associated with perceived competence of the occupational therapist, with implications for job satisfaction and wellbeing. Understanding and using the emotions of self and others to inform thinking and behaviour undoubtedly influences practitioner effectiveness. Future research is required to extrapolate the influence of Trait Emotional Intelligence upon professional abilities, increasing understanding of emotional intelligence and its impact upon effective occupational therapy practice.
Service evaluation of an acute Parkinson's therapy pathway between hospital and home
Authors: Lovegrove Christopher J , Marsden Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Background People with Parkinson's disease report that inpatient hospital environments do not replicate their home setup. A therapy pathway was developed integrating early home-based assessment, therapy sessions with photographs of key home areas, enhanced communication with community services, and staggered discharge. Methods Outcome measures (length of stay and readmissions within 14 days) in people with Parkinson's disease on the therapy pathway (n=5) were compared to those previously receiving standard care (n=5). Results Mean length of stay was 7.2 days shorter in the intervention group and their discharge Lindop Parkinson's mobility scale score was 39.4% higher. No difference was found in the Modified Barthel Index between the groups. Both groups had the same readmission rates. The pathway was accepted by both people with Parkinson's disease and clinicians. Conclusions The pathway reduced hospital length of stay and increased mobility in patients with Parkinson's disease. It was accepted by patients and clinicians and was feasible to integrate into current practice. The pathway warrants further evaluation.
Enabling people with communication and cognitive impairments to provide feedback on service satisfaction: development and reliability testing of an adapted pictorial questionnaire
Authors: Clarkson Katrina , Stokes Lynne Turner , Sacchett Carol , Ashford Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Introduction/aims Evaluation of patient satisfaction with health services is mandatory within the UK, but patients with communication difficulties are often excluded by their inability to complete written questionnaires. This study examines the test–retest reliability and agreement of an adapted, pictorial patient satisfaction questionnaire, based on the Talking Mats technique. Methods A total of 26 participants, who had a range of communication impairments resulting from brain injury, completed two questionnaires while in specialist rehabilitation: a standard written and adapted pictorial questionnaire, at two time points to evaluate test–retest reliability. Agreement between the two questionnaire formats was also examined. Results Test–retest reliability in overall scores between Time 1 and 2 was substantial for both the adapted pictorial questionnaire (k=0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.388, 0.76]) and the standard written questionnaire (ϰ=0.78 [95% confidence interval 0.74, 0.82]). Overall agreement between the two techniques was ϰ=0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.73, 0.79). Eighty-six per cent of questions for patients with aphasia showed at least ‘moderate’ agreement between the two questionnaire types compared with only 67% in participants with cognitive communication disorder. Conclusions The adapted pictorial questionnaire is a reliable tool for people with brain injury who have aphasia, enabling some patients to provide service satisfaction feedback who would have otherwise been excluded using a written questionnaire.
Trochanteric osteotomy in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sundaram Kavin , Siddiqi Ahmed , Kamath Atul F. , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A. 
Published: August 2020

Trochanteric osteotomy is a technique that allows expanded exposure and access to the femoral canal and acetabulum for a number of indications. There has been renewed interest in variants of this technique, including the trochanteric slide osteotomy (TSO), extended trochanter osteotomy (ETO), and the transfemoral approach, for both septic and aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Osteotomy fixation is crucial for achieving union, and wire and cable-plate systems are the most common techniques. TSO involves the creation of a greater trochanter fragment with preserved abductor attachment proximally and vastus lateralis attachment distally. This technique may be particularly useful in the setting of abductor deficiency or when augmented acetabular exposure is needed. ETO is a posterior-laterally based extensile approach that has been successfully utilized for aseptic and septic indications; most series report a greater than 90% rate of union. The transfemoral approach, as known as the Wagner osteotomy, is an extensile femoral approach and is more anterior-based than the alternate posterior-based ETO. It may be particularly useful for anterior-based approaches and anterior femoral remodelling; rates of union after this approach in most reports have been close to 100%.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:477-485. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190063
Clinical outcomes of kinematic alignment versus mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Roussot Mark Anthony , Vles Georges Frederic , Oussedik Sam 
Published: August 2020

Although mechanical alignment (MA) has traditionally been considered the gold standard, the optimal alignment strategy for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debated. Kinematic alignment (KA) aims to restore native alignment by respecting the three axes of rotation of the knee and thereby producing knee motion more akin to the native knee. Designer surgeon case series and case control studies have demonstrated excellent subjective and objective clinical outcomes as well as survivorship for KA TKA with up to 10 years follow up, but these results have not been reproduced in high-quality randomized clinical trials. Gait analyses have demonstrated differences in parameters such as knee adduction, extension and external rotation moments, the relevance of which needs further evaluation. Objective improvements in soft tissue balance using KA have not been shown to result in improvements in patient-reported outcomes measures. Technologies that permit accurate reproduction of implant positioning and objective measurement of soft tissue balance, such as robotic-assisted TKA and compartmental pressure sensors, may play an important role in improving our understanding of the optimum alignment strategy and implant position.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:486-497. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190093
Ankle fractures in diabetic patients
Authors: Gougoulias Nikolaos , Oshba Hesham , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Sakellariou Anthony , Wee Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Surgical complications are more common in patients with complicated diabetes (presence of inner organ failure, neuropathy). Of all patients undergoing ankle fracture fixation, approximately 13% are diabetic and 2% have complicated diabetes mellitus. Non-operative management of ankle fractures in patients with complicated diabetes results in an even higher rate of complications. Insufficient stability of ankle fractures (treated operatively, or non-operatively) can trigger Charcot neuroarthropathy, and result in bone loss, deformity, ulceration, and the need for amputation. Rigid fixation is recommended. Hindfoot arthrodesis (as primary procedure or after failed ankle fracture management) can salvage the limb in approximately 80% of patients. Early protected weight bearing can be allowed, provided rigid fixation without deformity has been achieved. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:457-463. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200025
Multimodal imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy
Authors: Martell Matthew T. , Haven Nathaniel J. M. , Zemp Roger J. 
Published: August 2020

We develop a multimodal imaging platform, combining depth-resolved scattering contrast from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with complementary, non-contact absorption contrast using photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy. The system provides a widefield OCT mode using a telecentric scan lens, and a high-resolution, dual-contrast mode using a 0.26 numerical aperture apochromatic objective. An interlaced acquisition approach is used to achieve simultaneous, co-registered imaging. The SD-OCT modality provides a 9.7 µm axial resolution. Comprehensive in vivo imaging of a nude mouse ear is demonstrated, with the SD-OCT scattering intensity revealing dermal morphology, and PARS microscopy providing a map of microvasculature.
Electrically pumped continuous-wave O-band quantum-dot superluminescent diode on silicon
Authors: Lu Ying , Cao Victoria , Liao Mengya , Li Wei , Tang Mingchu , Li Ang , Smowton Peter , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Chen Siming 
Published: August 2020

High-power, broadband quantum-dot (QD) superluminescent diodes (SLDs) are ideal light sources for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems but have previously mainly been fabricated on native GaAs- or InP-based substrates. Recently, significant progress has been made to emigrate QD SLDs from native substrates to silicon substrates. Here, we demonstrate electrically pumped continuous-wave InAs QD SLDs monolithically grown on silicon substrates with significantly improved performance thanks to the achievement of a low density of defects in the III-V epilayers. The fabricated narrow-ridge-waveguide device exhibits a maximum 3 dB bandwidth of 103 nm emission spectrum centered at the O-band together with a maximum single facet output power of 3.8 mW at room temperature. The silicon-based SLD has been assessed for application in an OCT system. Under optimized conditions, a predicted axial resolution of

∼

5.3

µ

m

is achieved with a corresponding output power of 0.66 mW/facet.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF OLEA EUROPAEA L.
Authors: Paliy Anfisa Evgenievna , Paliy Ivan Nikolayevich , Startseva Ol'ga Valentinovna 
Published: August 2020

European olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants on Earth. In addition to the nutritional value of the fruit, medications made from different parts of the olive are of great importance cause they exhibit a wide range of pharmacological action. The main objective of the present study was a comparative analysis of the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits of varieties and subspecies of European olives growing in the climatic conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Total phenolics and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically. HPLC with diode-array detection was applied to determine individual components. As a result of the comparative study of the phenolic compounds of leaves and fruits in four varieties and one subspecies of olives it was found that total phenolics in the leaves of olives are in the range of 740–980 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis) and total phenolics in fruits are in the range of 840–1260 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis). Flavonoids content in the leaves is in the range of 190–312 mg/100 g and in the range of 59–990 mg/100 g in the fruits. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, rutin and oleuropein were identified among the phenolics of leaves and fruits. It was found that the oleuropein was a majour component either in leaves or in fruits of four varieties of olives but rutin was a majour component in the fruits of the O. europaea subsp. cuspidata subspecies. The content of flavonoids and oleuropein in the leaves and fruits of the most frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya turned out to be the lowest among all the studied samples. It may be related to the participation of these substances during preparation of the variety to the effects of below-freezing temperatures. It has been shown that the content of phenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of O. europaea depends on the variety and agroclimatic growing conditions.
HYDROBORATION-OXIDATION OF GLYCIRRETHIC ACID’S DERIVATIVES
Authors: Vydrina Valentina Afanasievna , Yakovleva Marina Petrovna , Kravchenko Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Sayakhov Rasul' Rustemovich , Ishmuratov Gumer Yusupovich 
Published: August 2020

The hydroboration-oxidation reaction is widely used in the chemistry of terpenoids both for proving the structure of new compounds isolated from natural raw materials and for the directed synthesis of low molecular weight bioregulators. Moreover, most of the known examples affect mono- and sesquiterpenes, a much smaller number - for di- and triterpenoids: most are represented by hydroboration-oxidation of localized double bonds, examples for conjugated dienes are limited only by hydroboration-oxidation of cis-eudesma-6,11-diene, abietic acid and its methyl ester.
We found that the reduction of the pentacyclic triterpenoid – glycyrrhetate methyl ester – diisobutylaluminium hydride in methylene chloride at -78 ° С and subsequent hydrolysis in the presence of ammonium chloride proceeds with the formation of 3β,30-dihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene with a yield of 90%. It was shown that the hydroboration of the 1,3-diene system in it with a 3.3 molar excess of diborane in tetrahydrofuran is accompanied by the restoration of the carboxyl function, and after oxidation with the hydrogen peroxide-sodium acetate system of the organoboranes formed, three alcohols are mixed (2 : 1 : 1): 3β,11,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-12(13)-ene, 3β,12,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11)-ene and 3β,9,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-12 (13)-ene, respectively. A similar mixture of triols was also obtained by hydroboration-oxidation of 3β-hydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene-30-oic acid. The hydroboration-oxidation reactions of 3β,30-dihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene or the corresponding 30th acid proceed as monoprocesses predominantly at 9(11) double bonds.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLA-VONOIDS IN THE GRASS OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONARDA
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Lapina Anastasiya Sergeyevna 
Published: August 2020

The herb of plants of the genus Monarda L. is most often known for its essential oil the main components of which are thymol and carvacrol. However flavonoids contained in the raw materials of this plant are of great interest. The literature reports on the presence in the herb of species of the genus Monarda L. quercetin, luteolin, rutin, hesperidin, naringinin; howeve, these data are contradictory. It is known that when determining the content of the amount of flavonoids, recalculation is carried out in different cases for luteolin or rutin, which have different spectrum characteristics. This paper discusses the results of a comparative study of the flavonoid composition of some species of the genus Monarda: Monarda fistulosa L., Monarda didyma L., Monarda bradburiana L. Back., Monarda citriodora L., Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan as a promising source of biologically active compounds. As a result of a comparative chromatographic study, the presence of flavonoids was detected upon detection at a wavelength of 366 nm and after treatment with an alcohol solution of aluminum chloride. In all treatments, the presence of cynaroside, rutin, quercetin, luteolin is not confirmed. Using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, from the herb of Monarda fistulosa the flavonoid substances for the first time were isolated – isorhoifolin (7-O-rutinoside of apigenin) and linarin (7-O-rutinoside of acacetin), which have n-butanol–acetic acid–water (4 : 1 : 2) in the solvent system Rf values are about 0.5 and 0.6, respectively, and also dimydin (7-O-rutinoside of sakuranetin). It was determined that in all UV spectra of extracts from herb of studied species of the genus Monarda of the species, a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band is observed in the presence of 3% alcoholic solution aluminum chloride, which confirms the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, an absorption maximum is observed in the region of 392–396 nm, which indicates the feasibility of using isorhoifolin in the analysis technique with an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 394 nm. As a result of the work a method of quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids of the herb of the Monarda has been developed. The optimal parameters were determined: 60% ethyl alcohol, the ratio of "raw material to extractant" – 1 : 50, extraction time – 60 minutes, analytical wavelength at 394 nm. It was determined that the content of the total of flavonoids calculated on isorhoifolin in all samples studied varies from 4.53% to 8.73%.
THE EFFECT OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF AMARANTH OILCAKE ON THE YIELD OF THE EXTRACT AND ITS SQUALENE CONTENT
Authors: Sanoev Akbar Isomiddinovich , Shakhnoza Komilovna  , Mukarramov Nuriddin Isomiddinovich , Rakhmanberdyevа Rano Karimovna , Malikova Mavjuda Khafizovna , Mezhlumyan Larisa Gaikovna , Sagdullaev Shamansur Shakhsaidovich , Gusakova Svetlana Dmitrievna 
Published: August 2020

The contents and compositions of the oil, carbohydrates and protein of oil cake of amaranth of the universal variety «Kharkovsky-1» were studied. It was found that cake contains up to 4.5% oil with 5.4% squalene, 65.95% crude carbohydrates with a predominance (50.55%) of water-soluble polysaccharides and 27.7% protein. The effect of a pressure of 80–200 bar and an extraction time of 30–120 min with CO2 extraction on the yield of the crude extract, the oil phase of the extract and the content of squalene in them was studied. It was found that the optimal conditions are a pressure of 90 bar and an extraction time of 30 minutes at a temperature of 50 °C; under these conditions, 6.6% crude CO2 extract with 17.8% squalene was obtained. Experiments with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oilcake impregnated with ethanol with a hydromodule feed: a 2 : 1 co-solvent showed that ethanol does not significantly affect the squalene content in the oil phase of the CO2 extract. More than 62.4% of crude carbohydrates consisting of 3.0% alcohol-soluble sugars, 42.2% water-soluble polysaccharides, 7.8% pectin substances, 2.4% hemicelluloses and 7.0% fiber were found in meal after CO2 extraction of oilcake. The protein content in amaranth meal after CO2 extraction was 22.6%.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GENUS VIOLA (VIOLACEAE) OF RUSSIAN FLO-RA
Authors: Petrova Natal'ya Valeriyevna , Medvedeva Nina Anatol'yevna 
Published: August 2020

The subject of the review is the component composition and biological activity of species of genus Viola L. (Violaceae) from the flora of the Russian Federation according publications appeared over the past few decades. Chemical constituents and biological activities have been reported for 24 species of the 100 Viola species occurring in Russian. Components of various structures: flavonoids, cyclotides, anthocyanidins, phenylpropanoic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, fatty acids and its derivatives and ect. were found in the roots, aerial parts, flowers and leaves. Composition of 137 flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins etc. was expanded with references to their chemical formulas and literature sources. Data of the essential oils isolated from the leaves of V. tricolor L., V. arvensis Murray, V. yedoensis Makino и V. odorata L. is systematized. It was demonstrated that extracts, their fractions, and some components showed different types of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antiviral ones. The revealed range of biological activity partially confirmed expediency of using species of genus Viola in folk and standard practice medicine.