bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Moderate to Late Preterm Neonates Receiving Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Australian Tertiary and Nontertiary Centers
Authors: Patterson Helen Ruth , Pollock Wendy 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTransfer of neonates ≥32 weeks' gestation with acute respiratory distress to tertiary (T) centers can be reduced by treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in nontertiary (NT) centers. This can lead to considerable financial and emotional benefits. The aim of this project was to compare management of nCPAP in T and NT centers.DesignFive-year retrospective, observational cohort study (2010–2014).SampleAll NT eligible neonates from four sites (n = 484) were compared with a similar randomized cohort of inborn neonates at two T centers (n = 601) in Victoria, Australia.Main outcome variableAny difference in management or short-term outcome.ResultsModerately preterm and term neonates born in NT centers had lower Apgar scores at five minutes of age and received more conservative management delivered by different equipment. Despite a higher incidence of air leaks in NT centers, the short-term outcomes were otherwise similar between centers. T centers were more likely to administer nCPAP to term babies for <24 hours.
Pirouette Vertical Ground Reaction Force of Ballet Dancers and Non-Dancers
Authors: Hiraga Cynthia , Siriani Camila , Rocha Paulo Ricardo Higassiaraguti , Souza Débora Alves , Barela José Angelo 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Different amounts of force are needed to produce an effective turn for the pirouette, especially vertical force.
AIM: To examine the vertical force produced by the supporting leg during the execution of a pirouette en dehors of ballet dancer and non-dancer participants.
METHOD: The participants included five ballet dancers who composed the ballet dancer group and eight girls without previous experience of dance training who composed the non-dancer group. The participants were invited to execute the pirouette en dehors on a force platform with each leg as the supporting leg. Two-way analyses of variance were used to test vertical reaction forces between the two groups over the preferred and non-preferred leg.
RESULTS: Among the three vertical forces measured in the present study, the maximum vertical peak for the initial impulse was significantly higher for the ballet dancers compared to the non-dancer girls. The minimum vertical force and maximum vertical peak for the final impulse were similar between both groups.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the initial vertical force may be critical to the pirouette en dehors, determining proficient execution of this movement in ballet dancers.
DEFENSE MECHANISM OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN LAURIE HALSE ANDERSON’S SPEAK NOVEL
Authors: Hasra Hasnini , Zulfaisya Ritsnaini 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

This study is a defense mechanism analysis of the main character in Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak novel. It aims at revealing how defense mechanisms is experienced by Melinda Sordino as the main character of Speak novel by applying Sigmund Freud’s defense mechanism theory. The data is the narration and dialogue in the narrative implying defense mechanism strategies used by the main character in coping up with verbal, physical and phsychological bullying she experienced. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The finding shows that the main character had repression, rationalization, regression, reaction-formation, projection, replacement, isolation, identification, sublimation and turning to self as defense mechanisms strategies to oversome the conflicts.

Keywords: main character; defense mechanisms; phsychoanalysis.
HE INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Retnanto Agus 
Published: July 2020

<p class="Style1" align="center"><em>his study aims to know about the integration of science in Islamic education. Th</em><em>e</em><em> type of research is l</em><em>ibrary</em><em> research. And the results show that the learning of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) using holistic, comprehensive and integrated system will strengthen students' understanding about the creation and miracle of the universe by Allah SWT. </em><em>It</em><em> will strengthen the standardized sense of Islam and Islamic standardized lust. Both will form strong personality</em></p>
Characteristics of US Rural Hospitals by Obstetric Service Availability, 2017
Authors: Kozhimannil Katy B. , Interrante Julia D. , Tuttle Mariana S. , Henning-Smith Carrie , Admon Lindsay 
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To describe characteristics of rural hospitals in the United States by whether they provide labor and delivery (obstetric) care for pregnant patients. Methods. We used the 2017 American Hospital Association Annual Survey to identify rural hospitals and describe their characteristics based on the lack or provision of obstetric services. Results. Among the 2019 rural hospitals in the United States, 51% (n = 1032) of rural hospitals did not provide obstetric care. These hospitals were more often located in rural noncore counties (counties with no town of more than 10 000 residents). Rural hospitals without obstetrics also had lower average daily censuses, were more likely to be government owned or for profit compared with nonprofit ownership, and were more likely to not have an emergency department compared with hospitals providing obstetric care (P for all comparisons < .001). Conclusions. Rural US hospitals that do not provide obstetric care are located in more sparsely populated rural locations and are smaller than hospitals providing obstetric care. Public Health Implications. Understanding the characteristics of rural hospitals by lack or provision of obstetric services is important to clinical and policy efforts to ensure safe maternity care for rural residents.
Rural-Urban Mortality Disparities: Variations Across Causes of Death and Race/Ethnicity, 2013–2017
Authors: Probst Janice C. , Zahnd Whitney E. , Hung Peiyin , Eberth Jan M. , Crouch Elizabeth L. , Merrell Melinda A. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To examine rural-urban disparities in overall mortality and leading causes of death across Hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic White, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Asian/Pacific Islander populations. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of age-adjusted death rates for all-cause mortality and 5 leading causes of death (cardiovascular, cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke) by rural versus urban county of residence in the United States and race/ethnicity for the period 2013 to 2017. Results. Rural populations, across all racial/ethnic groups, had higher all-cause mortality rates than did their urban counterparts. Comparisons within causes of death documented rural disparities for all conditions except cancer and stroke among Hispanic individuals; Hispanic rural residents had death rates similar to or lower than urban residents. Rural Black populations experienced the highest mortality for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. Unintentional injury and chronic lower respiratory disease mortality were highest in rural AI/AN and rural non-Hispanic White populations, respectively. Conclusions. Investigating rural-urban disparities without also considering race/ethnicity leaves minority health disparities unexamined and thus unaddressed. Further research is needed to clarify local factors associated with these disparities and to test appropriate interventions.
Health Status and Health Care Utilization of US Adults Under Probation: 2015–2018
Authors: Hawks Laura , Wang Emily A. , Howell Benjamin , Woolhandler Steffie , Himmelstein David U. , Bor David , McCormick Danny 
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To compare the health and health care utilization of persons on and not on probation nationally. Methods. Using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, a population-based sample of US adults, we compared physical, mental, and substance use disorders and the use of health services of persons (aged 18–49 years) on and not on probation using logistic regression models controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, poverty, and insurance status. Results. Those on probation were more likely to have a physical condition (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.4), mental illness (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.1, 2.8), or substance use disorder (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.8, 4.5). They were less likely to attend an outpatient visit (AOR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.7, 0.9) but more likely to have an emergency department visit (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.6, 2.0) or hospitalization (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.5, 1.9). Conclusions. Persons on probation have an increased burden of disease and receive less outpatient care but more acute services than persons not on probation. Public Health Implications. Efforts to address the health needs of those with criminal justice involvement should include those on probation.
Unusual Combination of a Fracture Monteggia Equivalent With Post-traumatic Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Child
Authors: Mehta Rujuta , Agrawal Arpit , Joshi Saurabh , Agashe Mandar , Sinha Sourabh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Case:
We report a unique case of a combination of forearm fracture and traumatic radial artery pseudoaneurysm in an 8-year-old child. The fracture pattern was a Monteggia equivalent with a mid-diaphyseal ulnar fracture and a radial neck fracture with displacement of the distal radial diaphyseal fracture fragment. The pseudoaneurysm, which probably developed after vigorous manipulation by a bonesetter, thrombosed spontaneously, and the fracture was managed nonoperatively with a good outcome.

Conclusion:
Pseudoaneurysm of the radial artery is a rare phenomenon associated with fracture in a child. A history of vigorous manipulation of displaced fracture fragments in the vicinity of a major vessel should raise suspicion of this possible complication.
Intraosseous Plate Reduction and Fixation of Complex Proximal Ulnar Fractures
Authors: Schaller Thomas , Pichiotino Erin , Tanner Stephanie 
Published: July 2020

Case:
We describe 2 cases using a novel technique of intraosseous plating of the coronoid as a reduction tool and fixation construct for complex elbow fracture dislocations. Each patient sustained traumatic, complex injuries of the elbow and were radiographically healed at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:
Elbow fracture dislocations are complex injuries because of the interplay between primary and secondary stabilizers. This technique provides access to fracture fragments with minimal to no soft-tissue disruption and does not obstruct additional reduction or fixation of the injury.
Self-Mutilation of the Fingers After a Supracondylar Humerus Fracture: The Deleterious Effects of a Median Nerve Palsy
Authors: Quince Elisa M. , Atkins Myles A. , Brooks Jaysson T. 
Published: July 2020

Case:
A toddler underwent percutaneous pin fixation for a type III supracondylar humerus fracture (SHF). At home, her cast fell off and her k-wires pulled out. Subsequently, she presented to the emergency department for biting the tip of her index finger off and chewing on her thumb and middle fingers. She was diagnosed with a median nerve (MN) palsy with associated paresthesia.

Conclusion:
In very young children, it may be difficult to cope with the sensation of paresthesias after a MN palsy after a SHF. Self-mutilation of the fingers may be an unfortunate complication from these paresthesias.
Guided Growth with Hemiplateau Elevation as an Alternative to Epiphysiodesis for Treatment of a Young Patient with Advanced Infantile Blount Disease
Authors: Bolliet Marine P. , Bovid Karen M. , Bauler Laura D. 
Published: July 2020

Case:
Infantile Blount disease results from deceleration of growth by the proximal posteromedial tibial physis causing tibia vara. In advanced disease stages, surgical treatment is indicated. Owing to the young age and advanced Langenskiöld stage in this patient, a novel technique was performed combining lateral proximal physeal tethering with medial hemiplateau elevation osteotomy to correct the articular surface and unload the medial proximal tibial physis.

Conclusion:
Together, these procedures allow for correction of alignment while preserving growth potential. This technique was successful in correcting tibia vara due to infantile Blount disease while allowing continued growth in a 5-year-old patient.
Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea
Authors: Azmi Nazihah , Minhat Fatin Izzati , Hasan Sanatul Salwa , Rahman Abdul Manaf Omar Abdul , Abdul A'ziz Aishah Norashikin , Wan Saelan Wan Nurzalia , Shaari Hasrizal , Aziz Azzyyati Abdul , Suratman Suhaimi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigated the distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from Kelantan waters in the western part of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Twenty-nine benthic foraminiferal species were identified from seven samples collected along a ∼250 km-long transect perpendicular to the Kelantan coastline. Calcareous hyaline species made up 57% of the overall assemblages collected in the study area, followed by calcareous porcelaneous (23%) and agglutinated (20%) species. Cluster analysis recognised two distinctive groups. Group A represented the shallow inner-shelf area (19–35 m water depth) with a coarse sand-dominated substrate where Amphistegina papillosa (13.37%) and Assilina ammonoides (11.04%) were highly abundant. Group A had lowest diversity with no agglutinated species. Group B, occurred at 40–60 m water depth, had higher foraminiferal diversity and was characterised by a very fine sand substrate. The foraminiferal assemblages here were dominated by calcareous hyaline species in group B followed by calcareous porcelaneous and agglutinated species. Group B was characterised by Assilina ammoinodes (11.04%), Heterolepa dutemplei (10.29%), and Discorbinella bertheloti (10.03%). The dominant agglutinated species in Group B were Textularia agglutinans (4.93%) and Cylindroclavulina bradyi (3.55%). Shallow-water species, such as Amphistegina spp., were absent from Group B. Our study shows that the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the western Sunda shelf off Kelantan, is closely associated with changes in seafloor sediment, distance from the shore, and water depth.
Preloading Depleted Parent Wells To Avoid Fracture Hits: Some Important Design Considerations
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Manchanda Ripudaman , Gala Deepen , Sharma Mukul 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Mitigating the negative impact of fracture hits on production from parent and child wells is challenging. This work shows the impact of parent-well depletion and repressurization on child-well fracture propagation and parent-well productivity. The goal of this study is to develop a method to better manage production/injection in the parent well so that the performance of the child well can be improved by minimizing fracture interference and fracture hits.
A fully integrated equation-of-state compositional hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator has been developed to seamlessly model fluid production/injection (water or gas) in the parent well and model propagation of multiple fractures from the child well. The effects of drawdown rate and production time is presented for a typical shale play for three different fluid types: black oil, volatile oil, and dry gas. The results show that different reservoir fluids and drawdown strategies for the parent wells result in different stress distributions in the depleted zone, and this affects fracture propagation in the child well. Different strategies were studied to repressurize the parent well by varying the injected fluids (gas vs. water), the volumes of the preload fluid, and so on. It was found that fracture hits can be avoided if the fluid injection strategy is designed appropriately. In some poorly designed preloading strategies, fracture hits are still observed. Last, the impact of preloading on the parent-well productivity was analyzed. When water was used for preloading, water blocking was observed in the reservoir, and it caused damage to the parent well. However, when gas was injected for preloading, the oil recovery from the parent well was observed to increase.
Such simulations of parent–child well interactions provide much-needed quantification to predict and mitigate the damage caused by depletion, fracture interference, and fracture hits.
Review of Temperature Dependence of Thermal Properties in Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Process: Mathematical Formulation
Authors: Irani Mazda , Ghannadi Sahar 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the preferred thermal-recovery method used to produce bitumen from Athabasca deposits in Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, heat energy is transferred from steam to the reservoir, which reduces bitumen viscosity, and enables the bitumen to flow toward the horizontal production well under gravity forces. Conduction is the main heat-transfer mechanism at the edge of the steam chamber. It is controlled by reservoir thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Both factors are temperature dependent and neglecting such dependency can cause errors that should be evaluated in one study. In this study an analytical SAGD model is discussed that includes temperature dependency in the prediction of the temperature evolution ahead of the interface, oil-production rates, and steam/oil ratio (SOR). Such a model is used to evaluate the importance of temperature dependency in different operational conditions.
The results of the presented analytical model reveal that the oil rate can be calculated ignoring temperature dependency, suggesting thermal conductivity and specific heat calculated at a dimensionless temperature ratio between 0.75 to 0.8 and between 0.37 to 0.41, respectively. For both laterally expanding and angularly expanding reservoirs, the SOR is independent of the thermal conductivity. Unlike the effect of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity on SOR, temperature dependency on heat capacity significantly affects SOR. Such errors are larger for higher injection pressures (hence, higher steam-chamber temperatures).
This study provides a modified Butler analytical SAGD model that combines independently calculated modification factors for thermal conductivity and heat capacity into a modification factor (CT). Interestingly, the modification factor is identical with the TANDRAIN factor that is suggested by Butler to reduce the overestimated rates from the original theory. Such a finding is important because it addresses modifications such as in TANDRAIN and LINDRAIN estimations that are a result of ignoring the temperature dependency in analytical formulation.
Improved Slippage Model for Sucker Rod Pumps Developed in a Pump Test Facility and Verified by Field Measurements
Authors: Langbauer C. , Kochtik D. , Volker L. 
Published: July 2020

SummarySucker rod pumps provide a cost-efficient way to produce hydrocarbons from low-pressure reservoir formations. Their design is dependent on predictive models used to optimize the system before implementation in the field. The greater the accuracy of these models, the better the performance of the pumping system in the field. The scope of this paper is to present an improved plunger slippage model, developed in connection to the pump test facility (PTF) and validated by field data.This paper provides an analysis of plunger slippage. Existing plunger-slippage models are compared with field data. Based on the result of this comparison, an improved plunger-slippage model is derived based on the Navier-Stokes equation and dimensional analysis. Adjustments are applied to increase the model's validity. The mathematical and laboratory work have shown that a proper fit to reality requires four coefficients that make the equation an empirical one. An extensive laboratory test campaign, using real field equipment, was performed at the PTF at Montanuniversitaet Leoben (MUL). Numerous influencing parameters, such as plunger velocity, clearance magnitude, and fluid viscosity, were studied.Historical plunger-slippage models overestimate the slippage rate, whereas field data showed that newer models underestimate the slippage rate. In general, dynamic models are more accurate than static slippage models. The fit of the four model coefficients, based on laboratory tests, indicate that the chosen strategy of using laboratory tests and allocating the results to field conditions has worked out. The comparison of the results obtained by the presented improved slippage model and the field tests indicate a good match.The presented slippage model predicts the plunger slippage rate precisely and results in greater accuracy. The plunger wear rate approach is presented, which can be used to plan well interventions, decrease intervention costs, and increase the mean time between failures.
Implementation of a complex intervention to improve participation in older people with joint contractures living in nursing homes: A process evaluation of a cluster-randomised pilot trial
Authors: Klingshirn Hanna , Müller Martin , Beutner Katrin , Hirt Julian , Strobl Ralf , Grill Eva , Meyer Gabriele , Saal Susanne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Joint contractures in frail older people are associated with serious restrictions in participation. We developed the Participation Enabling CAre in Nursing (PECAN) intervention, a complex intervention to enable nurses to promote participation in nursing home residents with joint contractures. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of the implementation strategy and to identify enablers and barriers for a successful implementation.Methods: The implementation of PECAN was investigated in a 6-month pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial (c-RCT). As a key component of the implementation strategy, nominated nurses were trained as facilitators in a one-day workshop and supported by peer-mentoring (visit, telephone counselling). A mixed-methods approach was conducted in conjunction with the pilot trial and guided by a framework for process evaluations of c-RCTs. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires (nursing staff), documentation forms, problem-centred qualitative interviews (facilitators, therapists, social workers, relatives, peer-mentors), and a group discussion (facilitators). A set of predefined criteria on the nursing home level was examined. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis.Results: Seven nursing homes (n=4 intervention groups, n=3 control groups) in two regions of Germany took part in the study. Facilitators responded well to the qualification measures (workshop participation: 14/14; workshop rating: “good”; peer-mentor visit participation: 10/14). The usage of peer-mentoring via telephone varied (one to seven contacts per nursing home). Our implementation strategy was not successful in connection with supplying the intervention to all the nurses. The clear commitment of the entire nursing home and the respect for the expertise of different healthcare professionals were emphasised as enablers, whereas a lack of impact on organisational conditions and routines and a lack of time and staff competence were mentioned as barriers. Conclusion: The PECAN intervention was delivered as planned to the facilitators but was unable to produce comprehensive changes in the nursing homes and subsequently for the residents. Strategies to systematically include the management and the nursing team from the beginning are needed to support the facilitators during implementation in the main trial. Trial Registration: German clinical trials register, DRKS00010037. Registered 12 February 2016.