bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of improved review criteria for hematology analyzers in cancer hospitals
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Xu , Ge Peng , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Chen Chong , Hu Shusheng , Ren Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hematologic review criteria for general hospitals have been established, they may be insufficient for cancer hospitals. This study aimed to establish the appropriate review criteria for hematology analyzers in cancer hospitals.MethodsA total of 1003 samples from our hospital were randomly selected for blood smear preparation and microscopic review. The review criteria of the International Consensus Group for Hematology Review (ICGH) and Chinese consensus group were used to obtain the review, true‐negative (TN), true‐positive (TP), false‐negative (FN), and false‐positive (FP) rates, as well as the triggered rules. Our review criteria were established by comparing flag or numeric value information of TP and FP samples, adjusting rules to obtain better efficiency, a low slide review rate, and an acceptable FN rate.ResultsOverall, 197 (19.64%) samples showed positive smear findings. Compared to the ICGH criteria, the slide review rate of the newly established criteria declined from 51.25% to 39.28%, and the TP and TN rates increased from 17.85% and 46.06% to 23.13% and 55.83%, respectively. The FN rate of the newly established criteria was 3.69%. Another set of samples used to validate the newly established criteria yielded the review, FN, and FP rates as 33.49%, 1.86%, and 25.58%, respectively.ConclusionThe newly established review criteria for hematology analyzers enabled the prompt identification, smear, and further verification of doubtful specimens, without a significant increase in the workload, thus improving the efficiency of the review process. This study provided data support for other cancer hospitals to establish review criteria.
Systematic reporting of computed tomography enterography/enteroclysis as an aid to reduce diagnostic dilemma when differentiating between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Israrahmed Amrin , Yadav Rajanikant R , Yadav Geeta , Alpana  , Helavar Rajesh V , Rai Praveer , Jain Manoj Kumar , Gupta Archna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCrohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) have similar symptomatology and overlapping features on imaging, endoscopy, and histopathology. It is important to differentiate ITB from CD to initiate correct medical management. This prospective study aimed to characterize imaging features on computed tomography enteroclysis/enterography (CTE) that help in differentiating ITB from CD.MethodsA total of 300 consecutive patients who underwent CTE with the suspicion of small bowel diseases were evaluated. CTE findings were documented on a detailed “CTE case record form” and were correlated with other investigations like endoscopy, histopathological and microbiological examination, and improvement on empirical therapy to arrive at a final diagnosis. Only confirmed cases of ITB/CD were included for further analysis.ResultsFinal diagnoses revealed that 61 patients had ITB, 24 had CD, 90 patients had a final diagnosis not related to ITB/CD, and 125 had no bowel‐related diseases. The sensitivity of CTE (ITB vs CD, 90.2 vs 91.6%) was higher than the sensitivity of ileocolonoscopy (ITB vs CD, 87 vs 83.3%). A homogenous pattern of bowel wall thickening and confluent bowel involvement were significantly more common in ITB. Stratified bowel wall thickening with mucosal hyperenhancement, skip lesions in the bowel, and a comb sign were significantly more common in CD. Stratified bowel wall enhancement with an intervening layer of fat was specifically (P < 0.001) seen in patients with CD, and necrotic (P = 0.002) and calcified (P = 0.055) lymph nodes were specifically seen in patients with ITB.ConclusionWe propose a systematic approach to the radiological differentiation of ITB from CD.
Characterising the arthroplasty in spondyloarthropathy in a large cohort of eighty‐seven patients with alkaptonuria
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. , Gallagher James A. , Davidson John , Vinjamuri Sobhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArthroplasty in the spondyloarthropathy (SPOND) of alkaptonuria (AKU) in incompletely characterised. The aim was to improve the understanding of arthroplasty in AKU through a study of patients attending the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC). Eighty‐seven patients attended the NAC between 2007 and 2020. Seven only attended once. Fifty‐seven attended more than once and received nitisinone 2 mg daily. Twenty‐three attended at least twice without receiving nitisinone. Assessments including questionnaire analysis eliciting details of arthroplasty and other surgical treatments for SPOND, 18FPETCT and CT densitometry at the neck of hip and lumbar spine, as well as photographs of the eyes and ears were acquired from patients attending the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC) at baseline when 2 mg nitisinone was commenced, and yearly thereafter. Photographs were scored to derive ochronosis scores. Blood and urine samples were collected for chemical analyses. The prevalence of arthroplasty was 36.8%, similar in males and females, occurring especially in the knees, hips and shoulders. Multiple arthroplasties were found in 29 patients (33.3%) in this cohort. Incident arthroplasty was 6.5% in the nitisinone group and 7.1% in the no‐nitisinone group. Incident arthroplasty was 11.3% in the group with baseline arthroplasty and 3.51% in the group without. A strong association of arthroplasty with SPOND (R = 0.5; P << .0001) and ochronosis (R = 0.54; P < .0001) was seen. Nitisinone had no significant effect on incident arthroplasty. Arthroplasty due to ochronosis and SPOND is common in AKU. Nitisinone decreased ochronosis but had no effect on arthroplasty in this cohort.
Clustering by periodontitis‐associated factors: A novel application to NHANES data
Authors: Ghassib Iya H. , Batarseh Feras A. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Borgnakke Wenche S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnsupervised clustering is a method used to identify heterogeneity among groups and homogeneity within a group of patients. Without a prespecified outcome entry, the resulting model deciphers patterns that may not be disclosed using traditional methods. This is the first time such clustering analysis is applied in identifying unique subgroups at high risk for periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2009 to 2014 data sets using >500 variables.MethodsQuestionnaire, examination, and laboratory data (33 tables) for >1,000 variables were merged from 14,072 respondents who underwent clinical periodontal examination. Participants with ≥6 teeth and available data for all selected categories were included (N = 1,222). Data wrangling produced 519 variables. k‐means/modes clustering (k = 2:14) was deployed. The optimal k‐value was determined through the elbow method, formula = ∑ (xi2) – ((∑ xi)2 /n). The 5‐cluster model showing the highest variability (63.08%) was selected. The 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/AAP periodontitis case definitions were applied.ResultsCluster 1 (n = 249) showed the highest prevalence of severe periodontitis (43%); 39% self‐reported “fair” general health; 55% had household income <$35,000/year; and 48% were current smokers. Cluster 2 (n = 154) had one participant with periodontitis. Cluster 3 (n = 242) represented the greatest prevalence of moderate periodontitis (53%). In Cluster 4 (n = 35) only one participant had no periodontitis. Cluster 5 (n = 542) was the systemically healthiest with 77% having no/mild periodontitis.ConclusionClustering of NHANES demographic, systemic health, and socioeconomic data effectively identifies characteristics that are statistically significantly related to periodontitis status and hence detects subpopulations at high risk for periodontitis without costly clinical examinations.
Combining high‐protein ingredients from pseudocereals and legumes for the development of fresh high‐protein hybrid pasta: enhanced nutritional profile
Authors: Hoehnel Andrea , Bez Jürgen , Petersen Iben L , Amarowicz Ryszard , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fortification of wheat‐based staple foods, such as pasta, with pseudocereal and legume flours has received growing research interest in recent years. While it is associated with many challenges regarding technological and sensory quality of the products, it promises a substantial improvement of the nutritional value of pasta. However, investigations of the nutritional quality of fortified pasta often focus on the carbohydrate/starch fraction, and information on changes in protein quality is relatively scarce. This study evaluates the nutritional profile of a high‐protein hybrid pasta (HPHP) formulation in which a combination of three high‐protein ingredients (HPIs) from buckwheat, faba bean and lupin is used to partially replace wheat semolina. The formulation's macronutrient composition, protein quality and the content of antinutritional compounds are assessed in comparison to regular wheat pasta.RESULTSThe HPHP formulation represents a more favourable macronutrient profile compared to regular wheat pasta, particularly in relation to the isocaloric replacement of wheat starch by non‐wheat protein. Furthermore, a more balanced amino acid profile, improved N utilisation and increased protein efficiency ratio (in vivo) were determined for HPHP, which conclusively suggests a substantially enhanced protein quality. The cooking process was shown to significantly reduce levels of vicine/convicine and trypsin inhibitor activity originating from HPIs. The small remaining levels seem not to adversely affect HPHP's nutritional quality.CONCLUSIONThis significant upgrade of pasta's nutritional value identifies HPHP, and similar hybrid formulations, as a healthy food choice and valuable alternative to regular wheat pasta, specifically for a protein supply of adequate quality in mostly plant‐based diets. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modified cyclodextrin type and dehydration methods exert a significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of encapsulated carvacrol and thymol
Authors: López‐Miranda Santiago , Berdejo Daniel , Pagán Elisa , García‐Gonzalo Diego , Pagán Rafael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents has led to increasing interest in using them as natural preservative agents. However, their high sensitivity to light and oxygen, their volatility and their low aqueous solubility are all obstacles to their application in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. Encapsulation in cyclodextrins (CDs) is a solution for the application of such essential oils.RESULTSThe complexation of carvacrol and thymol with hydroxypropyl (HP)‐α‐, HP‐β‐ and HP‐γ‐CD, the behavior of the solid complexes prepared by freeze‐drying and spray‐drying methods and the antibacterial activity of solid complexes were studied. Kc values of HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD complexes with carvacrol (118.4 and 365.7 L mol−1) and thymol (112.5 and 239.7 L mol −1) were far lower than those observed for HP‐β‐CD complexes with carvacrol (2268.2 L mol −1) and thymol (881.6 L mol −1). The lower stability of HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD complexes increased the release of compounds, thereby affecting the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol to a lesser extent than complexation with HP‐β‐CD, normally used in the encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol. HP‐β‐CD encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol markedly reduced their antimicrobial activity. The freeze‐drying method barely affected the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol after encapsulation, while spray drying could be considered for the production of solid complexes in combination with the appropriate CD.CONCLUSIONSIt was thus demonstrated that HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD are very suitable alternatives for the encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol with the purpose of preserving their bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Chondrosarcoma local recurrence in the Cancer Registry of Norway cohort (1990–2013): Patterns and impact
Authors: Thorkildsen Joachim , Norum Ole‐Jacob , Myklebust Tor A. , Zaikova Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere appears to be an association between local recurrence (LR) and risk of metastasis and death in central conventional chondrosarcoma (CCCS) of bone, but this has not been quantified in modern cohorts at a subtype level.MethodsWe identified nonmetastatic cases of CCCS (N = 180) from the Cancer Registry of Norway. We present prognostic analysis of LR accounting for immortal time bias by descriptive statistics and multivariable Cox models.ResultsOf 40 LR, one case demonstrated upgrading while two dedifferentiation. LR was associated with increased risk of metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.1 [confidence interval, 1.5–10.7]) and death (HR = 9.3 [5.0–17.5]) overall. LR was associated with significant increased risk of metastasis for those with a soft tissue component, axial location, malignancy grade 2, but not atypical cartilaginous tumor's, appropriately treated curettage patients, intramedullary tumors, grade 1 histology, extremity location or “Oslo low risk” group status. We found an increased risk of death for all groups except for those treated by appropriate curettage or belonging to the “Oslo low risk” group. About 50% of LR CCCS were asymptomatic and revealed by routine follow‐up.ConclusionsUpgrading of LR for CCCS was a seldom event. LR was associated with significant increased risk of metastasis and death overall, but not for appropriately treated curettage patients or “Oslo low risk” status.
Improvement of the corrosion characteristics of 1.4713 ferritic steel in 0.1 M sulfuric acid by heat treatment and Al2O3–TiO2 coating
Authors: Stevanović Dimitrije , Dimitrijević Stevan P. , Kamberović Željko , Parežanin Vladimir , Dimitrijević Silvana B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study addresses the influence of heat treatment and alumina coating on the corrosion of EN 1.4713 steel in 0.1 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid. The corrosion characteristics of three different samples are examined using the open circuit potential measurements, Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization resistance, weight‐loss method, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the application of the weight‐loss method yielded similar values to the electrochemical method in the first 24 h. A decrease in corrosion rate, in a similar manner, was observed for all three samples. The largest deacceleration was obtained for the alumina/titania‐coated sample. It was obtained that the heat treatment significantly increased the corrosion resistance, but only in the first 24 h. The alumina/titania coating decreases the corrosion rate by approximately 30 times at the beginning of the corrosion exposure and by nearly 300 times after 240 h. This coating could have a significant influence on construction design, which uses ferritic stainless steel as the material.
LCST and UCST Transition of Poly(DMAEMA‐b‐MEO2MA) Copolymer in KHP Buffer
Authors: Kim Byoungjae , Kwon Minho , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Cho Hong Y. , Paik Hyun‐jong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlock copolymers of poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (poly(DMAEMA‐b‐MEO2MA)) are successfully prepared by sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and evaluated its thermoresponsive behavior in acidic potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer. Individual block of the corresponding block copolymers exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition whereas the synthesized block copolymers are found to exhibit dual thermoresponsive behavior: LCST at low temperatures due to the MEO2MA block and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) at high temperatures due to phthalate crosslinked protonated PDMAEMA block. The agglomeration at LCST is effectively enhanced by the ion–ion interactions within the chains. However, at higher temperature the hydrophobicity by the low hydration due to inter‐ionic interactions is disrupted at UCST, resulting in a transparent solution. The temperature‐dependent phase transition of the copolymer (i.e., from micelles to agglomerates, and reversibly to micelles) is confirmed using dynamic light scattering, UV–visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The unique dual thermoresponsive behavior upon heating and cooling cycles is found to exhibit very small hysteresis. The morphological transformation during LSCT and UCST‐type phase transition is explained via a proposed schematic illustration.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Copolymers Based on Vinyl Dimethyl Phosphonate and Vinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Bai Lu , Webhi Mohammad , Dolphijn Guillaume , Améduri Bruno , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes are prepared by mixing various amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐vinyl dimethyl phosphonate) statistical copolymers with different compositions. Such copolymers are obtained by conventional radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with vinyl dimethyl phosphonate (VDMP) initiated by peroxides. A morphological study of the obtained solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) shows that only samples prepared from the copolymer with the lower amount of VDMP (16 mol%) result in the formation of homogeneous electrolytes while aggregates of lithium salts are observed for the other copolymers. The best ionic conductivity values are accordingly observed for the copolymers with the lower VDMP amount and are reaching 5 × 10−3 mS cm−1 at 100 °C. The dependence of the ionic conductivity versus temperature suggests that the ionic conductivity is controlled by the motion of polymer segments. Indeed, the ionic conductivity can be increased by adding a small amount of trimethylphosphate plasticizer and can reach 1.9 × 10−2 mS cm−1 at 20 °C. Finally, the prepared SPEs exhibit a high electrochemical stability and a good resistance to flame because of the presence of fire‐retardant phosphate groups in their structure.
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease Converge on Immune Function and Inflammation
Authors: Kline Elizabeth M. , Houser Madelyn C. , Herrick Mary K. , Seibler Philip , Klein Christine , West Andrew , Tansey Malú G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is a movement disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α‐synuclein. Patients with iPD vary in age of symptom onset, rate of progression, severity of motor and non‐motor symptoms, and extent of central and peripheral inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to act synergistically in iPD pathogenesis. We propose that environmental factors (pesticides and infections) increase the risk for iPD via the immune system and that the role of PD risk genes in immune cells is worthy of investigation. This review highlights the major PD‐relevant genes expressed in immune cells and key environmental factors that activate immune cells and, alone or in combination with other factors, may contribute to iPD pathogenesis. By reviewing these interactions, we seek to enable the future development of immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or delay onset of iPD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Femoral angle development and locomotor progression in children from 18th and 19th century London
Authors: Swan Karen R. , Ives Rachel , Humphrey Louise T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe external geometry of the human femur changes markedly during early ontogeny as children learn to sit, crawl, stand, and eventually walk. Here we examine the pattern of femoral angle development in a sample of children from 18th and 19th century London and evaluate how angular changes correspond to key stages of childhood locomotor development. Metaphyseal bicondylar angle (BCA) and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) measurements were collected from radiographs of a documented archeological sample of 112 children aged from birth to 8.5 years. Ontogenetic patterns were assessed by using a local regression (LOESS) to fit curves to each angle parameter according to chronological age and femur length, and group comparisons were made between successive locomotor stages. The results demonstrate an increase in BCA throughout growth, which accelerates rapidly between the ages of 1 and 2 years when children first start to walk with an immature waddling gait. NSA was observed to increase during the first few months after birth, followed by a rapid decline at about 7 months and a steady decline during the second year when children learn to walk. The findings from this study contribute to the current literature on femoral angle development and provide an insight into femur development in children from industrial London. Further research is required to ascertain whether this pattern of NSA development is specific to the studied population.
Shear‐sensitive chain extension of dissolved poly(ethylene oxide) by aluminate ions
Authors: Srivastava Satyam , Fink Zachary , Burns Elizabeth G. , Russell Thomas P. , Hoagland David A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe phase behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in aqueous salt solutions has been studied many times but rarely for solution conditions relevant to the hydration process of cement, where PEO's interactions with surrounding ions modulate its application as both plasticizer and strength‐building additive. Here, the conformation, that is, coil size, of PEO was examined in aqueous solutions in the presence of sodium‐, calcium‐ and aluminum‐containing salts. Ion‐induced conformational changes for a model linear PEO were mostly unremarkable and consistent with past reports. However, trends for aluminum‐containing ions, which predominantly occur in water at neutral and basic pH as the monovalent hydroxo‐aluminate anion Al(OH)4−, were different: either present as the sodium or calcium salt, PEO's hydrodynamic radius determined by dynamic light scattering was approximately 30% larger than determined by intrinsic viscosity. The intrinsic viscosity was similar to that measured in the presence of simpler monovalent anions. We hypothesize that aluminum containing ions weakly couple the model polymer's hydroxyl end groups (present at just one chain end), creating polymeric aggregates sensitive to disruption by shearing. Supporting our argument, the hydrodynamic radius determined by dynamic light scattering dropped to the intrinsic viscosity value after hydroxyl groups were converted to methoxy groups.