bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riparian plant species differ in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater stores
Authors: Steinberg Kelly A , Eichhorst Kim D , Rudgers Jennifer A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Determining the ecological consequences of interactions between slow changes in long-term climate means and amplified variability in climate is an important research frontier in plant ecology. We combined the recent approach of climate sensitivity functions with a revised hydrological ‘bucket model’ to improve predictions on how plant species will respond to changes in the mean and variance of groundwater resources.

Methods
We leveraged spatiotemporal variation in long-term datasets of riparian vegetation cover and groundwater levels to build the first groundwater sensitivity functions for common plant species of dryland riparian corridors. Our results demonstrate the value of this approach to identifying which plant species will thrive (or fail) in an increasingly variable climate layered with declining groundwater stores.

Important Findings
Riparian plant species differed in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater levels. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) cover was predicted to decline with greater inter-annual groundwater variance, while coyote willow (Salix exigua) and other native wetland species were predicted to benefit from greater year-to-year variance. No non-native species were sensitive to groundwater variance, but patterns for Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) predict declines under deeper mean groundwater tables. Warm air temperatures modulated groundwater sensitivity for cottonwood, which was more sensitive to variability in groundwater in years/sites with warmer maximum temperatures than in cool sites/periods. Cottonwood cover declined most with greater intra-annual coefficients of variation (CV) in groundwater, but was not significantly correlated with inter-annual CV, perhaps due to the short time series (16 years) relative to cottonwood lifespan. In contrast, non-native tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) cover increased with both intra- and inter-annual CV in groundwater. Altogether, our results predict that changes in groundwater variability and mean will affect riparian plant communities through the differential sensitivities of individual plant species to mean versus variance in groundwater stores.
Predicting BMI in Young Children with Developmental Delay and Externalizing Problems: Links with Caregiver Depressive Symptoms and Acculturation
Authors: Heflin Brynna H , Comer Jonathan S , Bagner Daniel M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Caregiver depression is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity. However, studies assessing the relation between caregiver depression and childhood obesity have focused primarily on typically developing, school-aged children and have not examined the influence of cultural factors.

Objectives
To evaluate the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) scores in young children with developmental delay (DD) and externalizing behavior problems, as well as the moderating role of acculturation and enculturation on this association.

Methods
We examined the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI scores in 147 3-year-old children with DD and elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems. Caregivers of all participating children self-identified as coming from cultural minority backgrounds. We also examined the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI across levels of caregiver acculturation and enculturation.

Results
Higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms were associated with higher child BMI scores (b = .189, p = .001). Acculturation significantly moderated the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and child BMI scores (b = .21, p = .01), such that the association was stronger for more acculturated caregivers. Enculturation was not a significant moderator.

Conclusions
Caregiver depressive symptoms may confer elevated risk for child obesity when caregivers are highly acculturated to the United States, suggesting clinicians should consider levels of acculturation to optimize services for children and families from cultural minority backgrounds.
Children's Road-Crossing Behavior: Emotional Decision Making and Emotion-Based Temperamental Fear and Anger
Authors: Hashemi Juzdani Mahboobeh , Morgan Casie H , Schwebel David C , Tabibi Zahra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveChild pedestrian injuries represent a global public health burden. To date, most research on psychosocial factors affecting children’s risk of pedestrian injury focused on cognitive aspects of children’s functioning in traffic. Recent evidence suggests, however, that emotional aspects such as temperament-based fear and anger/frustration, as well as executive function-based emotional decision making, may also affect children’s safety in traffic. This study examined the role of emotions on children’s pedestrian behavior. Three hypotheses were considered: (a) emotion-based temperament factors of fear and anger/frustration will predict children’s risky decisions and behaviors; (b) emotional decision making will predict risky pedestrian decisions and behaviors; and (c) children’s pedestrian decision making will mediate relations between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. The role of gender was also considered.MethodsIn total, 140 6- to 7-year-old children (M = 6.7 years, SD = 0.39; 51% girls) participated. Parent-report subscales of Child Behavior Questionnaire measured temperamental fear and anger/frustration. The Hungry Donkey Task, a modified version of Iowa Gambling Task for children, measured children’s emotional decision making, and a mobile virtual reality pedestrian environment measured child pedestrian behavior.ResultsGreater anger/frustration, lesser fear, and more emotional decision making all predicted poorer pedestrian decision making. The mediational model demonstrated that pedestrian decision making, as assessed by delays entering safe traffic gaps, mediated the relation between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. Analyses stratified by gender showed stronger mediation results for girls than for boys.ConclusionsThese results support the influence of emotions on child pedestrian behavior and reinforce the need to incorporate emotion regulation training into child pedestrian education programs.
Design of a new breast vacuum bag to reduce the global and local setup errors and to reduce PTV margin in post-mastectomy radiation therapy
Authors: Shen Konglong , Xiong Jie , Wang Zhiguo , Wang Weifeng , Li Wan , Zhou Jidan , Deng Zhonghua , Li Bin , Zhong Renming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To design a new breast vacuum bag to reduce global and local setup errors in post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). A total of 24 PMRT patients were immobilized with an old vacuum bag and 26 PMRT patients were immobilized with a new vacuum bag. The registration results were analysed using four regions of interest (ROI): the global ROI [including the whole region of the planning target volume (PTV), GROI], the supraclavicular area (SROI), the ipsilateral chest wall region (CROI) and the ipsilateral arm region (AROI). The global and local setup errors of the two groups were compared. The global setup errors of the new vacuum group were significantly smaller than those in the old vacuum group with the exception of yaw axes (P &lt; 0.05). The systematic error (Σ) and random error (σ) ranged from 1.21 to 2.13 mm. In the new vacuum group, the local setup errors in the medial-lateral (ML) direction and roll axes for CROI (the Σ and σ ranged from 0.65 to 1.35 mm), and the local setup errors in ML and superior-inferior (SI) directions for SROI were significantly smaller than those in the old vacuum group. The total required PTV margins for the chest wall in ML, SI, and anterior-posterior (AP) were 4.40, 3.12 and 3.77 mm respectively. The new vacuum bag can significantly reduce the global setup errors and local setup errors in PMRT. The respiratory motion of the chest wall was negligible, and the 5 mm PTV margin could cover the local setup errors in PMRT using the new vacuum bag with cone beam CT (CBCT) correction.
An intraoperative diagnosis of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: a case report
Authors: Sivakumar Jonathan , Brown Gregor , Galea Laurence , Choi Julian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is an idiopathic and rare condition characterized by chronic peritoneal inflammation. We describe the case of an intraoperative diagnosis of SEP, presenting as a mimicker of small bowel obstruction. The patient was a 59-year-old male with suspected small bowel obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy, it was noted that there was thick fibrous tissue involving the visceral and parietal peritoneum enveloping grossly dilated loops of small bowel. This case reports on the histopathological features of peritoneal biopsies as well as radiological findings. There is no consensus regarding the standard management for idiopathic SEP. The present case demonstrates a significant improvement in the patient’s condition with conservative management alone. A critical teaching point is that in the absence of an obvious cause, SEP is a rare but important differential diagnosis for surgeons to consider in the context of recurrent bowel obstruction.
Meckel’s Diverticulitis. A rare cause of small bowel obstruction
Authors: Skarpas Andreas , Siaperas Petros , Zoikas Athanasios , Griva Emmanouela , Kyriazis Ioannis , Velimezis Georgios , Karanikas Ioannis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMeckel’s Diverticulum is a sac-like protrusion of the intestinal wall. It is located at 40–60 cm from the caecum. In the majority of cases, Meckel’s Diverticulum is clinically silent, while complications are found in 4% of the population. Complicated diverticulitis is associated with the formation of abscess, fistula, bowel obstruction or frank perforation. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with a distended abdomen, pain in the lower right abdominal quadrant, fever 37°C and where emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed that obstruction was caused by a bowel loop trapped by a mesenterium-diverticular band.
Reconstruction of facial dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans using an anterolateral thigh flap: a case report and literature review
Authors: Besharah Bayan O , Ghazzawi Raghad A , AL-kaff Haddad H , Abdelmonim Sherif K , Al-Essa Mohammad A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous malignancy with a high rate of recurrence if the head-and-neck region is involved. Treatment is challenging as it is difficult to avoid poor aesthetic and functional outcomes using the standard approach of complete resection with negative margins and subsequent reconstruction. This is especially challenging in cases where the face is involved and the defect is large after resection. There have been few cases of reconstruction using different flaps reported. We present the case of a young lady with a large cheek tumor, which was reconstructed using an anterolateral thigh flap. Excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved.
Boosted Kernel Weighting – Using Statistical Learning to Improve Inference from Nonprobability Samples
Authors: Kern Christoph , Li Yan , Wang Lingxiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven the growing popularity of nonprobability samples as a cost- and time-efficient alternative to probability sampling, a variety of adjustment approaches have been proposed to correct for self-selection bias in nonrandom samples. Popular methods such as inverse propensity-score weighting (IPSW) and propensity-score (PS) adjustment by subclassification (PSAS) utilize a probability sample as a reference to estimate pseudo-weights for the nonprobability sample based on PSs. A recent contribution, kernel weighting (KW), has been shown to be able to improve over IPSW and PSAS with respect to mean squared error. However, the effectiveness of these methods for reducing bias critically depends on the ability of the underlying propensity model to reflect the true (self-)selection process, which is a challenging task with parametric regression. In this study, we propose a set of pseudo-weights construction methods, KW-ML, utilizing both machine learning (ML) methods (to estimate PSs) and KW (to construct pseudo-weights based on the ML-estimated PSs), which provides added flexibility over logistic regression-based methods. We compare the proposed KW-ML pseudo-weights that are based on model-based recursive partitioning, conditional random forests, gradient tree boosting, and model-based boosting, with KW pseudo-weights based on parametric logistic regression in population mean estimation via simulations and a real data example. Our results indicate that particularly boosting methods represent promising alternatives to logistic regression and result in KW estimates with lower bias in a variety of settings, without increasing variance.
Evaluation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Interleukin-35 Serum Levels in Patients with Placenta Accreta
Authors: Khamoushi Tayyebe , Ahmadi Moslem , Ali-Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Zare Maryam , Hesampour Fateme , Gharesi-Fard Behrouz , Amooee Sedigheh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Placenta accreta is a pregnancy-related disorder with extreme trophoblast invasion and the adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall. This study aimed to investigate the serum level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-35 in patients with placenta accreta.

Methods
Thirty-one women with placenta accreta and 57 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. The serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-35 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results
The serum levels of both TGF-β and IL-35 were significantly higher in the placenta accreta group compared with the group of healthy women (1082.48 pg/mL vs 497.33 pg/mL and 4541.14 pg/mL vs 1306.04 pg/mL; P &lt;.001, respectively). Moreover, the level of TGF-β1 positively correlated with the IL-35 level but other factors such as age, gestations, live births, and abortions did not correlate with IL-35 and TGF-β1 levels.

Conclusion
The serum levels of IL-35 and TGF-β1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of placenta accreta and could be considered as potential targets in clinical and diagnostic approaches.
Renegotiating family: Social media and forced migration
Authors: Marlowe Jay , Bruns Rachel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The increasing, although uneven, trends of global connectivity and uptake of mobile devices have growing implications for local and transnational family relationships and activities. For refugees and their families separated by physical geography and conflict, social media platforms can effectively bridge, and at times collapse, the distance between ‘here’ and ‘there’. Offering a range of audio-, video-, and text-based interaction, these platforms represent a portal to engage with transnational family. Drawing upon a digital ethnography of resettled refugees over the course of a year using online methods, this article examines how the general ubiquity of connective media in New Zealand has created opportunities for co-presence with overseas family and how this impacts close proximal relationships. This article explores these tensions—the possibilities for connection and co-presence alongside its associated challenges, burdens, and affective paradoxes—to unpack the implications, positive and negative, as to how resettled refugees living in New Zealand use social media to practise family.
Dwarfs in the Milky Way halo outer rim: first infall or backsplash satellites?
Authors: Blaña Matías , Burkert Andreas , Fellhauer Michael , Schartmann Marc , Alig Christian 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Leo T is a gas-rich dwarf located at $414\, {\rm kpc}$ (1.4Rvir) distance from the Milky Way (MW) and it is currently assumed to be on its first approach. Here, we present an analysis of orbits calculated backwards in time for the dwarf with our new code delorean, exploring a range of systematic uncertainties, e.g.  MW virial mass and accretion, M31 potential, and cosmic expansion. We discover that orbits with tangential velocities in the Galactic standard-of-rest frame lower than $| \vec{u}_{\rm t}^{\rm GSR}| \le 63^{+47}_{-39}\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{\rm -1}$ result in backsplash solutions, i.e. orbits that entered and left the MW dark matter halo in the past, and that velocities above $| \vec{u}_{\rm t}^{\rm GSR}| \ge 21^{+33}_{-21}\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{\rm -1}$ result in wide-orbit backsplash solutions with a minimum pericentre range of $D_{\rm min} \ge 38^{+26}_{-16}\, {\rm kpc}$, which would allow this satellite to survive gas stripping and tidal disruption. Moreover, new proper motion estimates overlap with our orbital solution regions. We applied our method to other distant MW satellites, finding a range of gas stripped backsplash solutions for the gasless Cetus and Eridanus II, providing a possible explanation for their lack of cold gas, while only first infall solutions are found for the H i-rich Phoenix I. We also find that the cosmic expansion can delay their first pericentre passage when compared to the non-expanding scenario. This study explores the provenance of these distant dwarfs and provides constraints on the environmental and internal processes that shaped their evolution and current properties.
Stellar populations and physical properties of starbursts in the antennae galaxy from self-consistent modelling of MUSE spectra
Authors: Gunawardhana M L P , Brinchmann J , Weilbacher P M , Norberg P , Monreal-Ibero A , Nanayakkara T , den Brok M , Boogaard L , Kollatschny W 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We have modelled the stellar and nebular continua and emission-line intensity ratios of massive stellar populations in the Antennae galaxy using high resolution and self-consistent libraries of model H ii regions around central clusters of ageing stars. The model libraries are constructed using the stellar population synthesis code, starburst99, and photoionization model, and cloudy. The Geneva and PARSEC stellar evolutionary models are plugged into starburst99 to allow comparison between the two models. Using a spectrum-fitting methodology that allows the spectral features in the stellar and nebular continua [e.g. Wolf–Rayet (WR) features, Paschen jump], and emission-line diagnostics to constrain the models, we apply the libraries to the high-resolution Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of the starbursting regions in the Antennae galaxy. Through this approach, we were able to model the continuum emission from WR stars and extract stellar and gas metallicities, ages, electron temperatures, and densities of starbursts by exploiting the full spectrum. From the application to the Antennae galaxy, we find that (1) the starbursts in the Antennae galaxy are characterized by stellar and gas metallicities of around solar, (2) the star-forming gas in starbursts in the Western loop of NGC 4038 appears to be more enriched, albeit slightly, than the rest of galaxy, (3) the youngest starbursts are found across the overlap region and over parts of the western-loop, though in comparison, the regions in the western-loop appear to be at a slightly later stage in star formation than the overlap region, and (4) the results obtained from fitting the Geneva and Parsec models are largely consistent.
X-ray spectral and timing evolution of MAXI J1727–203 with NICER
Authors: Alabarta K , Altamirano D , Méndez M , Cúneo V A , Zhang L , Remillard R , Castro A , Ludlam R M , Steiner J F , Enoto T , Homan J , Arzoumanian Z , Bult P , Gendreau K C , Markwardt C , Strohmayer T E , Uttley P , Tombesi F , Buisson D J K 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed X-ray spectral and variability study of the full 2018 outburst of MAXI J1727–203 using NICER observations. The outburst lasted approximately four months. Spectral modelling in the 0.3–10 keV band shows the presence of both a soft thermal and a hard Comptonised component. The analysis of these components shows that MAXI J1727–203 evolved through the soft, intermediate, and hard spectral states during the outburst. We find that the soft (disc) component was detected throughout almost the entire outburst, with temperatures ranging from ∼0.4 keV, at the moment of maximum luminosity, to ∼0.1 keV near the end of the outburst. The power spectrum in the hard and intermediate states shows broad-band noise up to 20 Hz, with no evidence of quasi-periodic oscillations. We also study the rms spectra of the broad-band noise at 0.3−10 keV of this source. We find that the fractional rms increases with energy in most of the outburst except during the hard state, where the fractional rms remains approximately constant with energy. We also find that, below 3 keV, the fractional rms follows the same trend generally observed at energies &gt;3 keV, a behaviour known from previous studies of black holes and neutron stars. The spectral and timing evolution of MAXI J1727–203, as parametrised by the hardness–intensity, hardness–rms, and rms–intensity diagrams, suggest that the system hosts a black hole, although we could not rule out a neutron star.
Clues on the history of early-type galaxies from SDSS spectra and GALEX photometry
Authors: Werle A , Cid Fernandes R , Vale Asari N , Coelho P R T , Bruzual G , Charlot S , de Carvalho R R , Herpich F R , Mendes de Oliveira C , Sodré L , Ruschel-Dutra D , de Amorim A , Sampaio V M 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Stellar population studies of early-type galaxies (ETGs) based on their optical stellar continuum suggest that these are quiescent systems. However, emission lines and ultraviolet photometry reveal a diverse population. We use a new version of the starlight spectral synthesis code and state-of-the-art stellar population models to simultaneously fit Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra and Galaxy Evolution Explorer photometry for a sample of 3453 galaxies at z &lt; 0.1 with near ultraviolet (NUV) − r &gt; 5 that are classified as elliptical by Galaxy Zoo. We reproduce far ultraviolet (FUV) magnitudes for 80 per cent of UV upturn galaxies selected using criteria from the literature, suggesting that additional stellar population ingredients such as binaries and extreme horizontal branch stars may have a limited contribution to the UV upturn. The addition of ultraviolet data leads to a broadening of the distributions of mean stellar ages, metallicities, and attenuation. Stellar populations younger than $1\,$ Gyr are required to reproduce the ultraviolet emission in 17 per cent of our sample. These systems represent 43 per cent of the sample at 5 &lt; NUV − r &lt; 5.5 and span the same stellar mass range as other ETGs in our sample. ETGs with young stellar components have larger H α equivalent widths (WH α) and larger dust attenuation. Emission line ratios and WH α indicate that the ionizing source in these systems is a mixture of young and old stellar populations. Their young stellar populations are metal-poor, especially for high-mass galaxies, indicating recent star formation associated with rejuvenation events triggered by external processes, such as minor mergers.