bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers' perceptions towards inclusive education programs for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bills Kaycee L. , Mills Bradley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInclusion education is being implemented all across the world for children with special needs. Specifically, children who have Down syndrome are a population that is beginning to have more inclusive education experiences in their k‐12 schooling. Although children with Down syndrome are being included in mainstream classroom settings, studies indicate the perceptions teachers have towards children with Down syndrome in inclusive settings have a significant impact on the child's success,thus emphasising the importance to study the perceptions teachers have towards inclusive programmes for children with Down syndrome. This review of literature analyses 11 studies conducted across the world in order to provide an overview of the overall perceptions teachers have towards inclusion programmes for children with Down syndrome. The results of the 11 studies detail specific reasons for these varied perceptions. Implications for education practice concerning the perceptions teachers have towards children with Down syndrome are also discussed.
Corporate Tax Enforcement Externalities and the Banking Sector
Authors: GALLEMORE JOHN , JACOB MARTIN 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe explore whether corporate tax enforcement can affect bank lending. Specifically, we hypothesize that tax enforcement efforts aimed at small and midsized enterprises (SME) can improve their information environments, which in turn could lead to increased bank commercial lending. Exploiting the regional structure employed by the IRS until 1999, we find that the corporate tax return audit probability for SMEs is associated with greater commercial lending growth for regionally focused banks. We find similar evidence when exploiting the IRS reorganization from a regional to federal system in 2000. Further results show that tax enforcement's impact on SME informational environments is at least partially responsible for this association: The impact of tax auditing on bank lending is stronger for banks facing greater informational disadvantages and in areas where SMEs face greater hold‐up problems. Finally, we find that the tax audit rate is positively associated with loan portfolio quality, suggesting that tax enforcement can lead to better loan decisions. Our findings are consistent with the tax authority's mandate having important externalities on bank lending and SME access to capital, suggesting that the benefits to tax enforcement go beyond improving tax collection.
The reduction impact of monoglucosyl rutin on abdominal visceral fat: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group
Authors: Hashizume Yushi , Tandia Mahamadou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater soluble α‐glycosylated rutin (4G‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl rutin, monoglucosyl rutin, MR) was used in this study to evaluate its ability to reduce abdominal visceral fat (AVF). We conducted a study examining 66 healthy Japanese men and women with a body mass index of ≥23 and <30 kg/m2 for 8 weeks. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups via computer random numbers as follows: MR200 group (MR 200 mg/day), MR400 group (MR 400mg/day), or placebo group. The primary outcome was change in the AVF area after 8 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcomes were effects of MR on total fat and subcutaneous fat of umbilical area, lipid‐related markers, and subjective symptoms. The per‐protocol set analysis involved 18 subjects in the placebo group (7 males and 11 females), 20 subjects in the MR200 group (8 males and 12 females), and 20 subjects in the MR400 group (8 males and 12 females). AVF area in both the MR200 and MR400 groups was reduced at week 8, with changes from the baseline (week 0) significantly higher than the placebo group. Additionally, the MR400 group reported improved subjective symptoms concerning being “worried about abdominal fat” at week 4 compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that the consumption of MR (200 and 400 mg/day) for 8 weeks reduced AVF.Practical ApplicationMonoglucosyl rutin, an enzymatically modified form of rutin, is a highly stable and water‐soluble flavonoid widely used in food and beverages to prevent oxidation. The present clinical study demonstrated that it may improve overall health by reducing abdominal visceral fat.
Properties of margarines prepared from soybean oil oleogels with mixtures of candelilla wax and beeswax
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the physical properties of margarines prepared from oleogels with binary mixtures of candelilla wax (CDW) and beeswax (BW) in soybean oil. Some of the margarines made from oleogels with mixtures of CDW and BW had higher firmness than those made with one wax. For example, a 3% wax margarine made with 25% CDW and 75% BW had significantly higher firmness (0.97 N) than those with 100% CDW (0.59 N) and with 100% BW (0.11 N). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid fat content (SFC) analyses revealed eutectic melting properties for binary wax margarines, which may be desirable since wax oleogel‐based margarines often have higher melting points than conventional margarines. For example, the major melting point of 3% wax margarine made with 50% CDW and 50% BW was 43.85 °C, while for margarines made with 100% CDW or 100% BW, the melting points were at 46.00% and 47.61 °C, respectively. SFC was lowest for margarines with 50 or 75% BW; for example, 3% wax margarine with 25% CDW and 75% BW had 0.72% SFC at 40 °C while those with 100% CDW and 100% BW had 1.19 and 1.13% SFC, respectively. However, dropping point constantly decreased with increasing BW ratios. This study demonstrated that by mixing two waxes, the firmness of oleogel‐based margarines could be increased, and the melting point could be tailored by the ratio of two waxes.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated that firmness and melting properties of margarines prepared from wax‐oleogels can be improved by mixing two waxes, making their practical application more feasible. Firmness of margarines prepared with oleogels of binary mixtures of candelilla wax and beeswax were higher than those with pure waxes. The melting point of wax oleogel‐based margarines was decreased by use of binary mixtures of candelilla wax and beeswax.
Identifying the causes and consequences of assembly gaps using a multiplatform genome assembly of a bird‐of‐paradise
Authors: Peona Valentina , Blom Mozes P. K. , Xu Luohao , Burri Reto , Sullivan Shawn , Bunikis Ignas , Liachko Ivan , Haryoko Tri , Jønsson Knud A. , Zhou Qi , Irestedt Martin , Suh Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenome assemblies are currently being produced at an impressive rate by consortia and individual laboratories. The low costs and increasing efficiency of sequencing technologies now enable assembling genomes at unprecedented quality and contiguity. However, the difficulty in assembling repeat‐rich and GC‐rich regions (genomic “dark matter”) limits insights into the evolution of genome structure and regulatory networks. Here, we compare the efficiency of currently available sequencing technologies (short/linked/long reads and proximity ligation maps) and combinations thereof in assembling genomic dark matter. By adopting different de novo assembly strategies, we compare individual draft assemblies to a curated multiplatform reference assembly and identify the genomic features that cause gaps within each assembly. We show that a multiplatform assembly implementing long‐read, linked‐read and proximity sequencing technologies performs best at recovering transposable elements, multicopy MHC genes, GC‐rich microchromosomes and the repeat‐rich W chromosome. Telomere‐to‐telomere assemblies are not a reality yet for most organisms, but by leveraging technology choice it is now possible to minimize genome assembly gaps for downstream analysis. We provide a roadmap to tailor sequencing projects for optimized completeness of both the coding and noncoding parts of nonmodel genomes.
Characteristics, interventions, and longer term outcomes of COVID‐19 ICU patients in Denmark—A nationwide, observational study
Authors: Haase Nicolai , Plovsing Ronni , Christensen Steffen , Poulsen Lone Musaeus , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Helleberg Marie , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Andersen Lars Peter Kloster , Siegel Hanna , Ibsen Michael , Jørgensen Vibeke , Winding Robert , Iversen Susanne , Pedersen Henrik Planck , Madsen Jacob , Sølling Christoffer , Garcia Ricardo Sanchez , Michelsen Jens , Mohr Thomas , Mannering Anne , Espelund Ulrick Skipper , Bundgaard Helle , Kirkegaard Lynge , Smitt Margit , Buck David Levarett , Ribergaard Niels‐Erik , Pedersen Helle Scharling , Christensen Birgitte Viebæk , Perner Anders 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMost data on intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID‐19 originate in selected populations from stressed healthcare systems with shorter term follow‐up. We present characteristics, interventions and longer term outcomes of the entire, unselected cohort of all ICU patients with COVID‐19 in Denmark where the ICU capacity was not exceeded.MethodsWe identified all patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 admitted to any Danish ICU from 10 March to 19 May 2020 and registered demographics, chronic comorbidities, use of organ support, length of stay, and vital status from patient files. Risk factors for death were analyzed using adjusted Cox regression analysis.ResultsThere were 323 ICU patients with confirmed COVID‐19. Median age was 68 years, 74% were men, 50% had hypertension, 21% diabetes, and 20% chronic pulmonary disease; 29% had no chronic comorbidity. Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 82%, vasopressors in 83%, renal replacement therapy in 26%, and extra corporeal membrane oxygenation in 8%. ICU stay was median 13 days (IQR 6‐22) and hospital stay 19 days (11‐30). Median follow‐up was 79 days. At end of follow‐up, 118 had died (37%), 15 (4%) were still in hospital hereof 4 in ICU as of 16 June 2020. Risk factors for mortality included male gender, age, chronic pulmonary disease, active cancer, and number of co‐morbidities.ConclusionsIn this nationwide, population‐based cohort of ICU patients with COVID‐19, longer term survival was high despite high age and substantial use of organ support. Male gender, age, and chronic co‐morbidities, in particular chronic pulmonary disease, were associated with increased risk of death.
Aging‐induced aberrant RAGE/PPARα axis promotes hepatic steatosis via dysfunctional mitochondrial β oxidation
Authors: Wan Jian , Wu Xiangsong , Chen Hanbei , Xia Xinyi , Song Xi , Chen Song , Lu Xinyuan , Jin Jie , Su Qing , Cai Dongsheng , Liu Bin , Li Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, is the most common liver disease worldwide. Aging has been shown to increase susceptibility to NAFLD; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, we examined hepatic TG content and gene expression profiles in body weight‐matched young (3 months old), middle‐aged (10 months old), and old (20 months old) C57BL/6 mice and found that TGs were markedly accumulated while mitochondrial β‐oxidation‐related genes, including PPARα, were downregulated in the liver of old mice. In addition, advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE), a key regulator of glucose metabolism, was upregulated in the old mice. Mechanistically, suppression of RAGE upregulated PPARα and its downstream target genes, which in turn led to reduced TG retention. Finally, we found that hepatic RAGE expression was increased in aging patients, a finding that correlated with decreased PPARα levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of RAGE may play a critical role in aging‐associated liver steatosis.
Boardroom gender diversity and CEO pay deviation: Australian evidence
Authors: Ahmed Ammad , Atif Muhammad , Gyapong Ernest 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study whether boardroom gender diversity affects CEO pay. Specifically, we investigate the association between boardroom gender diversity and CEO pay deviation from the optimal level of CEO pay based on firm characteristics and market performance. Using a sample of 2,288 firm‐year observations for the period 2006–2014, we find that boardroom gender diversity is negatively associated with CEO pay deviation, suggesting that firms with gender‐diverse boards are cautious about the consequences of CEO pay deviation (under/overpayment), and thus likely to bridge the gap between CEO actual pay and expected pay. These findings provide important insights to the global discussion on executive compensation. Our findings are robust to alternative variable specifications, propensity score matching, difference‐in‐differences estimations, and generalised method of moments.
Bullous pemphigoid in adolescence, a rare demographic
Authors: Brown Hilary , Lamrock Edwina , Jenkins David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBullous pemphigoid is rarely seen in adolescence, and its presentation, clinical course, and treatment can differ to that found in other age groups. We present a case of bullous pemphigoid in a 16‐year‐old with features of koebnerisation and oral mucosal involvement and provide a brief review of paediatric bullous pemphigoid.
Triglyceride‐Glucose Index (TyG) is associated with erectile dysfunction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Karaaslan Mustafa , Tonyali Senol , Celik Mecit , Toprak Tuncay , Odabas Oner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is often associated with endocrine metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus (DM), in which insulin resistance (IR) plays a decisive role in pathology. Triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG), a simple, inexpensive and easily accessible IR marker, is calculated by fasting serum glucose and triglyceride values.ObjectivesWe aimed to reveal the relationship between TyG index and ED.Materials and methodsOf 152 male patients, aged between 24‐80 years, admitted to the urology outpatient clinic with complaining erectile insufficiency were evaluated. Liver function tests, complete blood count, fasting serum triglyceride, serum testosterone, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) were analyzed. TyG index was calculated. All patients were requested to fill in the validated Turkish version of the 5‐item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) survey.ResultsA total of 142 patients were included the study. ED was detected in 91 (64.1%) of the patients. BMI, fasting insulin level, fasting glucose level, IR, GGT, HDL, HbA1c, Triglyceride, TyG, DM, HT, and MetS status of the patients in ED group were statistically significantly higher compared to non‐ED group (all P < .05). It was found that the cutoff value of TyG index for ED was 8.88 (AUC = 0.739, sensitivity 67%, specificity = 68.6%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1026‐1115, P = .002) and TyG index above 8.88 (OR = 3.865, 95% CI = 1686‐8859, P = .001) were found as independent predictors of ED after accounting for BMI, serum total T and IR.ConclusionTyG index might be useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of ED.
Species and demographic responses to wildlife‐friendly fencing on ungulate crossing success and behavior
Authors: Segar Josiane , Keane Aidan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFencing is a ubiquitous part of the landscape across the Great Plains of North America. This can fragment habitats and reduce the ability of wildlife to move between patches. A relatively novel conservation tool aimed at mitigating these impacts is the use of wildlife‐friendly fencing. However, there is still an incomplete understanding as to how this tool affects ungulate movement and whether it increases habitat connectivity across barriers. Using camera trap data from three properties across the American Prairie Reserve, Montana, we investigated the effects of fencing on four ungulate species. Averaged across species and demographics, this wildlife‐friendly fencing design increased the probability that ungulates successfully crossed a fence by 33% and reduced the time taken to cross by 54%, but has limited effects on species' crossing behavior. Responses to the wildlife‐friendly fencing differed between species, sex, and age class. The greatest improvement in permeability was detected for mule deer, females, and juvenile groups. Yet, permeability remained lowest for elk, juveniles, and males overall at both fence types. Understanding these differences between groups is important when improving or selecting fence designs, and we highlight vulnerable groups that may require further study when implementing this conservation tool.
Tocilizumab as a Therapeutic Agent for Critically Ill Patients Infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Petrak Russell M. , Skorodin Nathan C. , Van Hise Nicholas W. , Fliegelman Robert M. , Pinsky Jonathan , Didwania Vishal , Anderson Michael , Diaz Melina , Shah Kairav , Chundi Vishnu V. , Hines David W. , Harting Brian P. , Sidwha Kamo , Yu Brian , Brune Paul , Owaisi Anjum , Beezhold David , Kent Joseph , Vais Dana , Han Alice , Gowda Neethi , Sahgal Nishi , Silverman Jan , Stake Jonathan , Nepomuceno Jenie , Heddurshetti Renuka 
Published: September 2020

Tocilizumab is an IL‐6 receptor antagonist with the ability to suppress the cytokine storm in critically ill patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We evaluated patients treated with tocilizumab for a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who were admitted between March 13, 2020, and April 16, 2020. This was a multicenter study with data collected by chart review both retrospectively and concurrently. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, race, use of mechanical ventilation (MV), usage of steroids and vasopressors, inflammatory markers, and comorbidities. Early dosing was defined as a tocilizumab dose administered prior to or within 1 day of intubation. Late dosing was defined as a dose administered > 1 day after intubation. In the absence of MV, the timing of the dose was related to the patient’s date of admission only. We evaluated 145 patients. The average age was 58.1 years, 64% were men, 68.3% had comorbidities, and 60% received steroid therapy. Disposition of patients was 48.3% discharged and 29.3% died, of which 43.9% were African American. MV was required in 55.9%, of which 34.5% died. Avoidance of MV (P = 0.002) and increased survival (P < 0.001) was statistically associated with early dosing. Tocilizumab therapy was effective at decreasing mortality and should be instituted early in the management of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019) COVID‐19).
Clinical implications of trials investigating drug‐drug interactions between cannabidiol and enzyme inducers or inhibitors or common antiseizure drugs
Authors: Patsalos Philip N. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Gidal Barry , VanLandingham Kevan , Critchley David , Morrison Gilmour 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly purified cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome in randomized, double‐blind, add‐on, controlled phase 3 trials. It is important to consider the possibility of drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). Here, we review six trials of CBD (Epidiolex/Epidyolex; 100 mg/mL oral solution) in healthy volunteers or patients with epilepsy, which investigated potential interactions between CBD and enzymes involved in drug metabolism of common antiseizure drugs (ASDs). CBD did not affect CYP3A4 activity. Induction of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 led to small reductions in exposure to CBD and its major metabolites. Inhibition of CYP3A4 activity did not affect CBD exposure and caused small increases in exposure to CBD metabolites. Inhibition of CYP2C19 activity led to a small increase in exposure to CBD and small decreases in exposure to CBD metabolites. One potentially clinically important DDI was identified: combination of CBD and clobazam (CLB) did not affect CBD or CLB exposure, but increased exposure to major metabolites of both compounds. Reduction of CLB dose may be considered if adverse reactions known to occur with CLB are experienced when it is coadministered with CBD. There was a small increase of exposure to stiripentol (STP) when coadministered with CBD. STP had no effect on CBD exposure but led to minor decreases in exposure to CBD metabolites. Combination of CBD and valproate (VPA) did not cause clinically important changes in the pharmacokinetics of either drug, or 2‐propyl‐4‐pentenoic acid. Concomitant VPA caused small increases in exposure to CBD metabolites. Dose adjustments are not likely to be necessary when CBD is combined with STP or VPA. The safety results from these trials were consistent with the known safety profile of CBD. These trials indicate an overall low potential for DDIs between CBD and other ASDs, except for CLB.
Human activities' fingerprint on multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functions across a major river catchment in China
Authors: Li Feilong , Altermatt Florian , Yang Jianghua , An Shuqing , Li Aimin , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman‐induced global change dramatically alters individual aspects of river biodiversity, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional diversity, and is predicted to lead to losses of associated ecosystem functions. Understanding these losses and dependencies are critical to human well‐being. Until now, however, most studies have only looked either at individual organismal groups or single functions, and little is known on the effect of human activities on multitrophic biodiversity and on ecosystem multifunctionality in riverine ecosystem. Here we profiled biodiversity from bacteria to invertebrates based on environmental DNA (hereafter, ‘eDNA’) samples across a major river catchment in China, and analysed their dependencies with multiple ecosystem functions, especially linked to C/N/P‐cycling. Firstly, we found a spatial cross‐taxon congruence pattern of communities' structure in the network of the Shaying river, which was related to strong environmental filtering due to human land use. Secondly, human land use explained the decline of multitrophic and multifaceted biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but increased functional redundancy in the riverine ecosystem. Thirdly, biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships at an integrative level showed a concave‐up (non‐saturating) shape. Finally, structural equation modeling suggested that land use affects ecosystem functions through biodiversity‐mediated pathways, including biodiversity loss and altered community interdependence in multitrophic groups. Our study highlights the value of a complete and inclusive assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions for an integrated land‐use management of riverine ecosystems.