bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of electric, dielectric properties, and conduction mechanism of {(C2H10N2)(MnCl (NCS)2)2}n polymer
Authors: Karoui Sahel , Chouaib Hassen , Kamoun Slaheddine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDielectric and electrical properties correlated with the structure analysis have been studied for new crystalline polymer {(C2H10N2)(MnCl (NCS)2)2}n. The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and loss tangent (tanδ) in the temperature range 308‐348 K and frequency range 20 to 2 MHz have been made for {(C2H10N2)(MnCl (NCS)2)2}n. The Z′ and Z″ versus frequency plots are well fitted to an equivalent circuit model. The analysis of Nyquist plots is well fitted to an equivalent circuit consisting of series of combination of grains and grain boundary elements. The spectra follow the Arrhenius law with two activation energy the first in the region of temperatures before 332 K (Region I) and the second in the region after 332 K (Region II). An agreement between the experimental and theoretical results is discussed, and it is suggested that the ac conductivity can be explained by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) and nonoverlapping small polaron tunneling model (NSPT) in regions I and II, respectively. The AC conduction mechanism is governed by the correlated barrier‐hopping (CBH) with WM (Region I) = 270 meV and a tunneling distance of 4.5 Å, whereas it becomes a small polaron tunneling mechanism (SPTM) mechanism with a WH (Region II) = 153 meV. The imaginary part of the electrical modulus formalism obeys the Kohlrausch‐Williams‐Watt (KWW) model. The theoretical Kohlrausch exponent (βKWW) confirms the existence of the transition phase on the new crystalline polymer in the vicinity of the 332 K as deduced by the DC and the AC conduction parameters. Thus, the near values of activation energies obtained from the impedance and modulus spectra confirm that the transport is through an ion hopping mechanism.
Evidence that π‐ligand exchange reactions of chalcogen iranium ions proceed via Hückel pseudocoarctate transition states
Authors: Brydon Samuel C. , da Silva Gabriel , White Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite numerous computational and experimental studies on the π‐ligand exchange reactions of chalcogen iranium ions, a classification of the reaction class has yet to be made. The characteristics of the transition states presented thus far suggested a coarctate nature with two bonds breaking and forming simultaneously at the chalcogen centre. The change in barrier height, depending on the nature of the chalcogen and the alkene, was initially attributed as a shift in the degree of aromaticity moving from pseudocoarctate to coarctate reactions. However, this paper suggests that all 12 reactions under consideration are pseudocoarctate with a Hückel number of delocalised π electrons based on comprehensive studies of the orbital interactions and magnetic properties both at the transition state and along the reaction path. The change in barrier height was largely driven by the electrophilicity of the chalcogen and the strain present in the three‐membered ring rather than a shift in the degree of aromaticity.
Shaped‐Charge Jet‐Initiation of Covered RDX‐Based Aluminized Explosives and Effect of Temperature
Authors: Zhao Pin , Chen Lang , Yang Kun , Xiao Yiwen , Zhang Kaining , Lu Jianying , Wu Junying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the shaped‐charge jet‐initiation mechanism of covered explosives and the effect of explosive temperature is important for ammunition safety. We devised a method of using a shaped‐charge jet‐penetrating cover to shock‐initiate heated explosives. This method achieves uniform temperature control of explosives via heating the upper and lower ends and preserves heat on the side of the explosive charge. We experimentally tested the method on hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)‐based aluminized explosives (61 wt.% RDX, 30 wt.% Al, 9 wt.% binder) at different temperatures and cover thicknesses. The jet‐penetration behavior and explosive detonation‐wave growth were observed via X‐ray photography, and the effect of explosive temperature on jet initiation was analyzed. A numerical model of the shaped‐charge jet‐initiating explosive was set up by considering the temperature change of the explosive and analyzing the detonation‐wave growth and initiation thresholds of different explosive temperatures under jet shock initiation. Under a thin cover, the explosive showed prompt impact initiation by the jet; the initiation occurred very near to the explosive surface. However, for a thick cover, the explosion was initiated by a bow wave formed at a certain distance from the upper surface of the explosive, and a retonation wave was observed. The temperature of RDX‐based aluminized explosives affects the two jet‐initiation mechanisms. The shock sensitivity of the explosives to the jet decreased with increasing temperature, but the shock sensitivity increased when the temperature exceeded a certain value. A simulation method was established that can be used to predict shaped‐charge jet initiation at different explosive temperatures. We obtained the relationship between the cover thickness and run‐to‐detonation distance under jet shock initiation, which provides a theoretical basis for safety analysis and evaluation of a warhead charge that is attacked by a shaped‐charge jet.
Combustion Behavior of the Inorganic Nitrates‐Based Compositions Part I
Authors: Denisyuk Anatoly P. , Duy Tuan Nguyen , Sizov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCombustion behavior of inorganic nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3, CsNO3, Ba(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, and NH4NO3) based energetic materials in wide range of pressure (0.1–18 MPa) was studied. Samples have the same binder and differ in combustion temperature due to a change of oxidizer excess ratio (α). It is shown that compositions differ in the burning rate, in its dependence on pressure. The extreme dependence of burning rate on α is established. The combustion temperature of the samples was experimentally determined.
Unified mode‐dependent average dwell time stability criteria for discrete‐time switched systems
Authors: Liu Can , Mao Xiang , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, a unified mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT) stability result is investigated, which could be applied to switched systems with an arbitrary combination of stable and unstable subsystems. Combined with MDADT analysis method, we classified subsystems into two categories: switching stable subsystems and switching unstable subsystems. State divergence caused by switching unstable subsystems could be compensated by activating switching stable subsystems for a sufficiently long time. Based on the above considerations, a new globally exponentially stability condition was proposed for discrete‐time switched linear systems. Under the premise of not resolving the LMIs, the MDADT boundary of the new stability condition is allowed to be readjusted according to the actual switching signal. Furthermore, the new stability result is a generalization of the previous one, which is more suitable for the case of more unstable subsystems. Some simulation results are given to show the advantages of the theoretic results obtained.
Coupling high‐resolution monitoring and modelling to verify restoration‐based temperature improvements
Authors: Hall Austin , Chiu Yung‐Chia , Selker John S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRivers are dynamic, complex integrators of their environment, which makes verification of the beneficial outcomes of restoration challenging. Thermal regime is central to habitat suitability and is often a focus in planning and evaluating the impact of restoration and climate resilience. Among these concerns, high summer stream temperature has frequently been identified as a limiting factor for salmon, steelhead, and trout. Our objective was to demonstrate the utility of combining high resolution thermal observation and modelling to evaluate restoration designed to mitigate stream thermal processes. This was demonstrated on the Middle Fork of the John Day River which is a critically impacted salmonid fishery in northeast Oregon, USA. We employed distributed temperature sensing and energy‐balance modelling to define the thermal regime. Restoration was predicted to result in a 0.7°C reduction of peak daily stream temperatures while increasing night temperatures by 0.9°C. This combined modelling and monitoring approach suggests that the 2012 restoration offered relief for native fish species stressed by excessive stream temperatures. This powerful combination of technology can be used in many projects to make optimal use of restoration investments to achieve durable and quantifiable improvements in habitat.
Influence of mechanized timber harvesting on soil compaction in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Puhlick Joshua J. , Fernandez Ivan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvaluating and refining methods to minimize soil compaction during timber harvesting is important for maintaining soil health and long‐term forest productivity. This is especially important when harvesting methods change over time. In this study, a hybrid harvesting method was used with the trees cut by one machine, in‐forest processing of trees by other machines, and transporting the wood to the roadside by a forwarder on silt loam soils during the summer months. Two methods for sampling soils with mixed horizons in logging trails were developed to determine the baseline values of soil bulk density for long‐term monitoring and to compare soils from nonmixed B horizons with those of B horizons from nontrafficked areas. For both methods, paired soil samples, in and outside of logging trails, were collected to determine the difference in bulk density between trails and nontrafficked areas. Soil compaction in trails was greatest where the soils adjacent to trails had low bulk densities and for locations that were closest to landings. These results are important in the context of climate change, as more summer logging is expected to occur in areas traditionally cut in the winter because of longer frost‐free periods and more winter precipitation occurring as rain. More logging during the expanding snow‐free season could translate to a greater degree of compaction and longer soil recovery times over a larger portion of the forested landscape.
A Defect Defense Approach of Integrated Database Based on Over‐Etched Defect
Authors: Yang Cheng Yu , Zhou Xingdong 
Published: July 2020

The aluminum line overetched defect might be called as undercut、PR Hole, etc by different manufacturers. The defect of this case study mainly shows a hole found on the aluminum line after stripper process but there is no any tracable symptom before the ending of dry etch process. That is, it seems no means to prevent or to found the root cause.A defect defense approach via cleanroom air quality database based integrated with TFT manufacturing processes、air sampling、characteristics of manufacturing chemicals、cleanroom circulation and air flow pattern is proposed to demostrate how to figure out the root cause of aluminum line overetched defect, which found after stripper.Via the aid of proposed approach, the analysis shows the defect arises from the cross contamination between photo、PVD and stripper process and the cross contamination comes from manufacturing layout、cleanroom circulation and air flow pattern.
ZIF‐8 Catalysed Efficient Synthesis of Dicyano Alkyl Quinoline Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Parimi Usharani , Nannapaneni Madhavi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA facile ZIF‐8 catalyzed method has been developed for the synthesis of dicyano alkylquinoline derivatives from malononitrile, aldehydes and substituted quinaldines in an aqueous medium. This protocol offers simple, and mild reaction conditions for the preparation of alkyl quinolines in higher yields.
Engineering Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets on CoxP/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocubes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Danyang , Zhou Hu , Xiao Jinghao , Yuan Aihua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDesigning core‐shell heterostructures is essential for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, ultrathin MoS2 sheets are uniformly anchored on CoxP/nitrogen dual‐doped carbon nanocubes (CoxP/NC) through a template sacrificial method followed by a hydrothermal reaction. The resultant hybrid CoxP/NC@MoS2 possesses a core‐shell structure and superior catalytic activity to individual counterparts. The hybrid catalyst needs a low overpotential of 148 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2, together with an extremely small Tafel slope of 33 mV dec−1 and outstanding stability in acidic media. Most importantly, the best catalytic activity is achieved by coupling MoS2 nanosheets with the matrix CoxP/NC rather than Co/NC. The remarkably high HER activity of CoxP/NC@MoS2 mainly benefits from the core‐shell feature and strong synergistic interaction between CoxP/NC and MoS2. The present study inspires a continuous exploration of engineering MoS2 nanosheets on nanostructured metal phosphides for electrochemical applications.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Copper‐Iron Oxide Composite for Effective Fenton Degradation of Ciprofloxacin at Near‐Neutral pH
Authors: Ding Qiqi , Khan Wasim U. , Lam Frank L. Y. , Zhang Yongqing , Zhao Shuaifei , Yip Alex C. K. , Hu Xijun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, graphitic carbon nitride/copper‐iron oxide (CN@CIO) composites were prepared via in‐situ thermal condensation of dicyandiamide onto CIO. The activity of the as‐prepared catalyst to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP) was investigated systematically in the dark Fenton reaction. With the increase in the copper content in the CN@CIO composites, the CIP removal efficiency gradually improved and reached a maximum with CN@CIO4, in which the molar loading ratio of Cu to Fe was 0.242. Additionally, the effects of the experimental conditions on CIP oxidation were studied by altering several key reaction parameters, including the catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and initial concentrations of CIP and H2O2. Under the optimum condition, almost complete degradation was achieved within 1 h. It was demonstrated that CIP oxidation by CN@CIO follows the pseudo second‐order reaction model. Overall, the fabricated CN@CIO composite holds great potential for refractory organic removal and deserves in‐depth investigation.
Relevance of Kampo in emergency and critical care medicine
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Irie Yasuhito 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that traditional Japanese medicine, Kampo treatments, are effective in emergency and critical care. There are two ways to use Kampo medicine; using mechanism‐based Kampo as Western medicine and applying Kampo theory, especially the theory of qi, bloodTM1, and fluidTM1. For example, shakuyakukanzoto rapidly controls myalgia and is used to treat tetanus‐induced convulsions. Goreisan is used for fluidTM1 disturbance as well as the treatment of vertigo and acute gastroenteritis. Hematoma is considered a form of oketsu or static bloodTM1; therefore, formulations that are useful for treating static bloodTM1 such as jidabokuippo can be applied in its treatment. The quality of acute treatment strategies may improve by utilizing every available medical resource and practice such as Western medicine and Kampo.
Immobilized algae‐based treatment of herbicide‐contaminated groundwater
Authors: Mollamohammada Sara , Aly Hassan Ashraf , Dahab Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScenedesmus species, immobilized on alginate gel, was found effective in removing nitrate, atrazine, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in a continuous flow reactor. The laboratory‐scale experiments with synthetic groundwater, made of 8.8 mg/L NO3‐N and 90 µg/L atrazine, were performed at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days and the temperatures of 20 and 35°C. The highest uptake of nitrate and atrazine was observed at 20°C (97% and 70%, respectively). When tested in actual groundwater, 92% of nitrate, 100% of magnesium, 99.9% of phosphorus, and 92% of zinc were successfully removed at the end of 29 days’ treatment operations. The algal beads removed 100% of oxadiazon and triallate in the first 10 days, but some of the herbicides diffused back into the solution toward the end of the treatment process.Practitioner points

Immobilized algae–alginate beads can remove nitrate, atrazine, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in continuous flow reactor.

The uptake rate of nitrate and atrazine is higher in room temperature (20°C).

Same algae beads could be reused for herbicide uptake for the average of 10 days.

The immobilized system is a natural sustainable alternative that can be used in groundwater pump and treat.
From infection to healing: The use of plant viruses in bioactive hydrogels
Authors: Dickmeis Christina , Kauth Louisa , Commandeur Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlant viruses show great diversity in shape and size, but each species forms unique nucleoprotein particles that are symmetrical and monodisperse. The genetically programed structure of plant viruses allows them to be modified by genetic engineering, bioconjugation, or encapsulation to form virus nanoparticles (VNPs) that are suitable for a broad range of applications. Plant VNPs can be used to present foreign proteins or epitopes, to construct inorganic hybrid materials, or to carry molecular cargos, allowing their utilization as imaging reagents, immunomodulators, therapeutics, nanoreactors, and biosensors. The medical applications of plant viruses benefit from their inability to infect and replicate in human cells. The structural properties of plant viruses also make them useful as components of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Hydrogels are three‐dimensional networks composed of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb large amounts of water. They are used as supports for tissue regeneration, as reservoirs for controlled drug release, and are found in contact lenses, many wound healing materials, and hygiene products. They are also useful in ecological applications such as wastewater treatment. Hydrogel‐based matrices are structurally similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide a scaffold for the attachment of cells. To fully replicate the functions of the ECM it is necessary to augment hydrogels with biological cues that regulate cellular interactions. This can be achieved by incorporating functionalized VNPs displaying ligands that influence the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels and their biological properties, promoting the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of embedded cells.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Predictive Policing in 2025: A Scenario
Authors: Macnish Kevin , Wright David , Jiya Tilimbe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaw enforcement authorities (LEAs) have begun using artificial intelligence and predictive policing applications that are likely to raise ethical, data protection, social, political and economic issues. This paper describes application of a new scenario methodology for identifying issues that emerging technologies are likely to raise in a future six or seven years hence, but that deserve policymakers’ attention now. It often takes policymakers that long to develop a new policy, consult with stakeholders and implement the policy. Thus, policymakers need a structured, but concise framework in order to understand the issues and their various implications. At the same time, they also prefer policies that have stakeholder support. These considerations led the University of Twente in the Netherlands and the UK’s Trilateral Research to develop the scenario that follows. It is structured with several headings that policymakers need to consider in order to move toward a desired future and avoidance of an undesired future.
Non-perturbative approaches to the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve
Authors: Grassi Alba , Gu Jie , Mariño Marcos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study various non-perturbative approaches to the quantization of the Seiberg-Witten curve of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, SU(2) super Yang-Mills theory, which is closely related to the modified Mathieu operator. The first approach is based on the quantum WKB periods and their resurgent properties. We show that these properties are encoded in the TBA equations of Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke determined by the BPS spectrum of the theory, and we relate the Borel-resummed quantum periods to instanton calculus. In addition, we use the TS/ST correspondence to obtain a closed formula for the Fredholm determinant of the modified Mathieu operator. Finally, by using blowup equations, we explain the connection between this operator and the τ function of Painlevé III.
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie in der Schwangerschaft: Fallbericht und interdisziplinäre Behandlungsvorschläge
Authors: Zilles-Wegner David , Trost Sarah , Walliser Karoline , Saager Leif , Horn Sebastian , Ernst Mareike 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Psychische Störungen in der Schwangerschaft sind häufig. Besonders bei schweren affektiven oder psychotischen Störungen mit Notwendigkeit eines raschen Ansprechens kann eine Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) indiziert sein. Dazu vorliegende Übersichtsartikel unterscheiden sich methodisch stark, was zu unterschiedlichen Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der Anwendung der EKT bei Schwangerschaft führt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung eines neuen klinischen Falls sowie interdisziplinärer Behandlungsvorschläge zur sicheren Anwendung der EKT bei Schwangerschaft.

Methoden
Fallbericht und selektive Literaturübersicht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der existierenden systematischen Reviews.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die aktuelle Kasuistik zeigt die potenziell hohe Wirksamkeit sowie die für Mutter und Fetus sichere Anwendung der EKT während der Schwangerschaft. Die in der Literatur beschriebenen unerwünschten Ereignisse entsprechen qualitativ weitgehend den Risiken bei schwerer psychischer Störung in der Schwangerschaft. Zur besseren Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung wären größere Fall-Kontroll-Studien wünschenswert. Bei sorgfältiger Indikationsstellung, guter interdisziplinärer Abstimmung und Beachtung der Besonderheiten in der praktischen Durchführung ist die EKT auch in der Schwangerschaft eine sinnvolle Behandlungsoption.
The fatigue performance of titanium alloys joined via the powder interlayer bonding method
Authors: Davies P. , Johal A. , Davies H. , Marchisio S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the fatigue performance of two forged variations of α + β titanium alloys, namely Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4) and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) joined via the powder interlayer bonding (PIB) process. Both alloys were bonded at relevant temperatures in the specific alloy’s α + β region. Modifications to the microstructure during the bonding process where it recrystalised into a bi-modal structure, resulted in improved low cycle fatigue (LCF) response for the Ti-6-4 alloy. This improvement is seen throughout the fatigue curve when compared to the LCF performance of the as received Ti-6-4 material. The improvement in LCF performance resulting from the microstructure transformation overcomes any reduction in performance that can be attributed to retained porosity after the bonding cycle. While the HCF performance of the Ti-6-2-4-6 alloy joined via the PIB process fell below that of the as received β-forged billet material, the fatigue performance compares well with previous HCF results for welded material. Unlike the Ti-6-4 alloy, the β-forged Ti-6-2-4-6 alloy does not benefit from the transformation of its microstructure throughout the bond region.