bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant Survival of 6,080 Tritanium Cups in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Palomäki Antton , Hemmilä Matias , Laaksonen Inari , Matilainen Markus , Eskelinen Antti , Haapakoski Jaason , Puhto Ari-Pekka , Kettunen Jukka , Manninen Mikko , Mäkelä Keijo T. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
To enhance osseointegration in total hip arthroplasty (THA), ultraporous or highly porous-coated cups were introduced. Implant survival data on these new devices have been scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the survivorship of ultraporous Tritanium cups (Stryker) in a population-based register study.

Methods:
In this study, we collected data on 6,080 primary THAs using a Tritanium cup and 25,670 THAs using a conventional cup (control group) from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register; these procedures were performed from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017. We calculated the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The end point was revision for any reason or for aseptic loosening of the cup. The revision risks were assessed with use of the Cox multiple regression model. The variables assessed in the Cox model were femoral head size, age group, involved side, operation year, sex, diagnosis, and fixation of the stem. The proportional hazards assumption of the Cox model was not fulfilled, so the follow-up time was divided into 3 time periods: 0 to 2 years, >2 to 4 years, and >4 years.

Results:
When comparing the 2 groups with regard to revision for any reason, the 5-year Kaplan-Meier survivorship of the Tritanium group (94.7% [95% CI, 94.0% to 95.4%]) was inferior to that of the control group (96.0% [95% CI, 95.7% to 96.3%]). In the Cox regression analysis of the 2 groups for the time period of >4 years, the Tritanium group had an increased risk of revision for any reason compared with the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 3.12 [95% CI, 1.82 to 5.35]; p < 0.001). With regard to revision for aseptic loosening of the cup, the Tritanium group had an increased risk of revision compared with the control group for both 0 to 2 years (HR, 3.80 [95% CI, 1.76 to 8.24]; p < 0.001) and >2 to 4 years (HR, 11.2 [95% CI, 3.28 to 38.0]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
There was no advantage to using the ultraporous-coated Tritanium cup for primary THA compared with conventional uncemented cups. However, wide CIs for some HR estimates may point to a lack of precision. Therefore, further research on subject is needed.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modeling of Smart Pigging for Pipeline Leak Detection
Authors: Thiberville Caitlyn , Wang Yanfang , Waltrich Paulo , Williams Wesley , Kam Seung Ihl 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Although leak incidents continue, a pipeline remains the most reliable mode of transportation within the oil and gas industry. It becomes even more important today because the projection for new pipelines is expected to increase by 1 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) through 2035. In addition, increasing the number and length of subsea tiebacks faces new challenges in terms of data acquisition, monitoring, analysis, and remedial actions. Passive leak-detection methods commonly used in the industry have been successful with some limitations, in that they often cannot detect small leaks and seeps. In addition to a thorough review of related topics, this study investigates how to create a framework for a smart pigging technique for pipeline leak detection as an active leak-detection method.
Numerical modeling of smart pigging for leak detection requires two crucial components: detailed mathematical descriptions for fluid-solid and solid-solid interactions around pig and network modeling for the calculation of pressure and rate along the pipeline using iterative algorithms. The first step of this study is to build a numerical model that shows the motion of a pig along the pipeline with no leak (i.e., at a given injection rate, a pig first accelerates until it reaches its terminal velocity, beyond which the pig moves at a constant velocity). The second step is to construct a network model that consists of two pipeline segments (one upstream and the other downstream of the leak location) through which the pig travels and at the junction of which fluid leak occurs. By putting these multiple mechanisms together and using resulting pressure signatures, this study presents a new method to predict the location and size of a leak in the pipeline.
Pressure Buildup in a Well Produced at Constant Pressure
Authors: Prats Michael , Meneses-P. Lidia Lucely , Samaniego-V. Fernando , Pacheco-V. Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Dimensionless analytic expressions of the well-pressure buildup resulting from shutting in a well after producing it at constant pressure were obtained, in both Laplace space and time, using different mathematical approaches to solve the pertinent differential equations, including the effects of both wellbore storage and skin damage. Such a pressure response is said to have been obtained at constant-pressure-buildup (CPBU) conditions. The well, represented by a cylindrical source of nonzero radius, produces a single compressible fluid from an infinite and homogeneous reservoir. For a vertical well, the reservoir flow is always radial and horizontal. For the first approach in Laplace space, the pressure distribution in the reservoir at the shut-in time was used as the initial condition to obtain the transient pressure response upon shutting in the well. In the second approach, the solution in Laplace space was inverted analytically, yielding an expression containing infinite integrals. Duhamel's principle was used in the third approach, yielding the same integrals as the second approach. Subject to the inherent numerical errors in the integration and inversion algorithms, all solutions gave the same numerical results over a wide range of the production period, the elapsed time since the well was shut in, the storage coefficients, and the skin damage. As required by material balance, all pressures are restored to the value of the initial reservoir pressure as the infinite reservoir eventually completely recharges the amount of fluid produced before the well being shut in.
The pressure response divided by the production rate at the time the well is shut in is denoted as the specific pressure response and has the same units as the pressure response under constant rate buildup (CRBU) conditions. It is thus not surprising that the general trends of the specific pressure response and the specific pressure increment are somewhat similar for both producing conditions, and that a number of interpretation procedures developed for CRBU conditions using the exponential integrals are applicable under CPBU conditions, including use of Horner plots.
The Laplace-space procedure used to obtain numerically inverted values of the pressure response under CPBU conditions can be formally extended to provide expressions for the shut-in pressure response for any rate or pressure history during the production period.
Although the emphasis is on the description of the well pressure and the specific-well-pressure buildup after shut-in, and of their time derivatives, the paper also presents analytic Laplace-space expressions for the pressure and radial flow within the reservoir after the well is shut in.
Deterministic and Statistical Modeling of a New Thermal Breakout Technology for Measuring the Maximum Horizontal In-Situ Stress
Authors: Voegeli S. , Nopola J. , Moos D. , Doe T. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The current state-of-the-art technology for in-situ stress measurements involves an integrated approach that combines borehole breakout observations, drilling-induced tensile fractures, and hydraulic fracturing tests (i.e., “mini-fracs”). This methodology has achieved wide application in the oil and gas industry but has several limitations that often prevent successful in-situ stress measurements. One major limitation is that breakouts do not appear in all boreholes and are generally only a natural occurrence that cannot easily be controlled. Because borehole breakouts are used to directly measure the maximum horizontal in-situ stress magnitude, the absence of borehole breakouts presents a major data gap for in-situ stress measurements. In response to this data gap, a new US Department of Energy (US DOE)-sponsored thermal breakout technology that will provide a method for thermally inducing borehole breakouts and allow the consistent measurement of the maximum horizontal stress magnitude is currently in development. This thermal breakout technology involves heating the borehole and increasing the thermoelastic compressive stress in the rock until a breakout develops, which can be directly correlated to the maximum horizontal stress magnitude. The first step in this project was an analytical modeling study of the thermal breakout process. Based on the Kirsch solution (Kirsch 1898), a deterministic and statistical analysis was performed on the pertinent parameters that influence the maximum horizontal stress calculation. As a result of the analysis, the findings indicate that the thermal breakout technology is feasible and provides improved accuracy and/or an enhanced ability to measure the maximum horizontal stress. Future work as part of this US DOE-sponsored project includes additional validation through more detailed numerical modeling, laboratory testing, and field testing of the thermal breakout technology.
Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence
Authors: Lucherini Mark , Hill Sarah , Smith Katherine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We sought to review qualitative evidence on how smokers in different socioeconomic groups engage with non-combustible nicotine products (NCNP), including electronic cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapies, in order to provide insight into how these products might impact on smoking inequalities. The review only identified studies exploring the attitudes of socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers towards NCNP for harm reduction or cessation purposes (i.e. we did not identify any relevant studies of more advantaged socioeconomic groups). Using a lines-of-argument meta-ethnographic approach, we identified a predominantly pessimistic attitude to NCNP for harm reduction or cessation of smoking due to: wider circumstances of socio-economic disadvantage; lack of a perceived advantage of alternative products over smoking; and a perceived lack of information about relative harms of NCNP compared to smoking. Optimistic findings, although fewer, suggested the potential of NCNP being taken up among smokers experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. Overall, our review highlights the importance of considering the social, cultural and economic circumstances that influence experiences of smoking and of alternative product use.
More that unites us than divides us? A qualitative study of integration of community health and social care services
Authors: Mitchell Claire , Tazzyman Abigail , Howard Susan J. , Hodgson Damian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The integration of community health and social care services has been widely promoted nationally as a vital step to improve patient centred care, reduce costs, reduce admissions to hospital and facilitate timely and effective discharge from hospital. The complexities of integration raise questions about the practical challenges of integrating health and care given embedded professional and organisational boundaries in both sectors. We describe how an English city created a single, integrated care partnership, to integrate community health and social care services. This led to the development of twelve integrated neighbourhood teams, combining and co-locating professionals across three separate localities. The aim of this research is to identify the context and the factors enabling and hindering integration from a qualitative process evaluation.Methods: Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with equal numbers of health and social care staff at strategic and operational level. The data was subjected to thematic analysis. Results: We describe three key themes: 1) shared vision and leadership; 2) organisational factors; 3) professional workforce factors. We found a clarity of vision and purpose of integration throughout the partnership, but there were challenges related to the introduction of devolved leadership. There were widespread concerns that the specified outcome measures did not capture the complexities of integration. Organisational challenges included a lack of detail around clinical and service delivery planning, tensions around variable human resource practices and barriers to data sharing. A lack of understanding and trust meant professional workforce integration remained a key challenge, although integration was also seen as a potential solution to engender relationship building. Conclusions: Given the long-term national policy focus on integration this ambitious approach to integrate community health and social care has highlighted implications for leadership, organisational design and inter-professional working. Given the ethos of valuing the local assets of individuals and networks within the new partnership we found the integrated neighbourhood teams could all learn from each other. Many of the challenges of integration could benefit from embracing the inherent capabilities across the integrated neighbourhood teams and localities of this city.
A comparison of the Indian Diet with the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet
Authors: Sharma Manika , Kishore Avinash , Roy Devesh , Joshi Kuhu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission report recommends healthy diets that can feed 10 billion people by 2050 from environmentally sustainable food systems. This study compares food consumption patterns in India, from different income groups, regions and sectors (rural/urban), with the EAT-Lancet reference diet and highlights the deviations. Methods The analysis was done using data from the Consumption Expenditure Survey (CES) of a nationally representative sample of 0.102 million households from 7469 villages and 5268 urban blocks of India conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2011-12. This is the most recent nationally representative data on household consumption in India. Calorie consumption (kcal/capita/day) of each food group was calculated using the quantity of consumption from the data and nutritional values of food items provided by NSSO. Diets for rural and urban, poor and rich households across different regions were compared with EAT-Lancet reference diet. Results The average daily calorie consumption in India is below the recommended 2503 kcal/capita/day across all groups compared, except for the richest 5% of the population. Calorie share of whole grains is significantly higher than the EAT-Lancet recommendations while those of fruits, vegetables, legumes, meat, fish and eggs are significantly lower. The share of calories from protein sources is only 6-8% in India compared to 29% in the reference diet. The imbalance is highest for the households in the lowest decile of consumption expenditure, but even the richest households in India do not consume adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables and non-cereal proteins in their diets. An average Indian household consumes more calories from processed foods than fruits. Conclusions Indian diets, across states and income groups, are unhealthy. Indians also consume excess amounts of cereals and not enough proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Importantly, unlike many countries, excess consumption of animal protein is not a problem in India. Indian policymakers need to accelerate food-system-wide efforts to make healthier and sustainable diets more affordable, accessible and acceptable.
ApoE and apoC-III-defined HDL subtypes: A descriptive study of their lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein content and activity
Authors: Amaya-Montoya Mateo , Pinzón-Cortés Jairo A , Silva-Bermúdez Lina S , Ruiz-Manco Daniel , Perez-Matos Maria C , Jimenez-Mora Mario A , Mendivil Carlos O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is a better cardiovascular risk predictor than HDL concentrations. One of the key elements of HDL functionality is its apolipoprotein composition. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) are enzymes involved in HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. This study assessed the concentration and activity of LCAT and CETP in HDL subspecies defined by their content of apolipoproteins E (apoE) and C-III (apoC-III) in humans. Methods Eighteen adults (ten women and eight men, mean age 55.6, BMI 26.9 Kg/m 2 , HbA1c 5.4%) were studied. HDL from each participant were isolated and divided into four subspecies containing respectively: No apoE and no apoC-III (E-C-), apoE but not apoC-III (E+C-), apoC-III but no apoE (E-C+) and both apoE and apoC-III (E+C+). The concentration and enzymatic activity of LCAT and CETP were measured within each HDL subspecies using immunoenzymatic and fluorometric methods. Additionally, the size distribution of HDL in each apolipoprotein-defined fraction was determined using non-denaturing electrophoresis and anti-apoA-I western blotting. Results HDL without apoE or apoC-III was the predominant HDL subtype. The size distribution of HDL was very similar in all the four apolipoprotein-defined subtypes. LCAT was most abundant in E-C- HDL (3.58 mg/mL, 59.6 % of plasma LCAT mass), while HDL with apoE or apoC-III had much less LCAT (19.8%, 12.2% and 8.37% of plasma LCAT respectively for E+C-, E-C+ and E+C+). LCAT mass was lower in E+C- HDL relative to E-C- HDL, but LCAT activity was similar in both fractions, signaling a greater activity-to-mass ratio associated with the presence of apoE. Both CETP mass and CETP activity showed only slight variations across HDL subspecies. There was an inverse correlation between plasma LCAT activity and concentrations of both E-C+ pre-beta HDL (r=-0.55, P =0.017) and E-C- alpha 1 HDL (r=-0.49, P =0.041). Conversely, there was a direct correlation between plasma CETP activity and concentrations of E-C+ alpha 1 HDL (r=0.52, P =0.025). Conclusions The presence of apoE in small HDL is correlated with increased LCAT activity and esterification of plasma cholesterol. These results favor an interpretation that LCAT and apoE interact to enhance anti-atherogenic pathways of HDL.
Outcomes following administration of tranexamic acid in combat-related intracranial hemorrhage: a cohort study
Authors: Walker Patrick F , Bozzay Joseph D. , Johnston Luke R. , Elster Eric A. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Bradley Matthew J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) may be a useful adjunct for military patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). These patients are often treated in austere settings without immediate access to neurosurgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any association between TXA use and progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), neurologic outcomes, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in TBI.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of combat casualties from October 2010 to December 2015 who were transferred to a military treatment facility (MTF) in the United States. Data collected included: demographics, types of injuries, initial and interval head computerized tomography (CT) scans, Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS), and six-month Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS). Results were stratified based on TXA administration, progression of ICH, and VTE.RESULTS Of the 687 active duty service members reviewed, 71 patients had ICH (10.3%). Most casualties were injured in a blast (80.3%), with 36 patients (50.7%) sustaining a penetrating TBI. Mean ISS was 28.2 ± 12.3. Nine patients (12.7%) received a massive transfusion within 24 hours of injury, and TXA was administered to 14 (19.7%) casualties. Patients that received TXA had lower initial reported GCS (9.2 ± 4.4 vs. 12.5 ± 3.4, p=0.003), similar discharge GCS (13.3 ±4.0 vs. 13.8±3.2, p=0.58), and a larger improvement between initial and discharge GCS (3.7±3.9 vs. 1.3±3.1, p=0.02). However, there was no difference in mortality (7.1% vs. 7.0%, p=1.00), progression of ICH (45.5% vs. 14.7%, p=0.09), frequency of cranial decompression (50.0% vs. 42.1%, p=0.76), or mean GOS (3.5±0.9 vs. 3.8±1.0, p=0.13). Patients administered TXA had a higher rate of VTE (35.7% vs. 7.0%, p=0.01). On multivariate analysis, however, TXA was not independently associated with VTE.CONCLUSIONS Patients that received TXA were associated with an improvement in GCS but not in progression of ICH or GOS. TXA was not independently associated with VTE, although this may be related to a paucity of patients receiving TXA. Decisions about TXA administration in combat casualties with ICH should be considered in the context of the availability of neurosurgical intervention as well as severity of extracranial injuries and need for massive transfusion.
Analysis of primary oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in inhabitants of Beijing, China—A 10-year continuous single-center study
Authors: Bai Xuexiao , Zhang Jie , Wei Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe some of the characteristics of the inhabitants of Beijing with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) who had received treatment at Stomatology Hospital of Peking University and to analyze the survival rate and the prognostic factors of patients following surgical treatment..Methods Data of 603 consecutive cases with primary OSCC between 2004 and 2013 were obtained from the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University. Clinical data including age, sex, living district, primary site，TNM stage, history of drinking and smoking, pathological differentiation, treatment, survival were retrospectively analyzed.Results The male: female ratio was 1.1:1. The frequency of site involvement in descending order were tongue(34.3%), gingiva(25.0%), buccal mucosa(13.8%), oral floor(9.0%), oropharynx(8.5%), lip(6.3%) and palate(3.2%). Female OSCC patients tended to be significantly older than men with OSCC (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with TNM stage III-IV OSCC was 52.4%. The results revealed that 65.3% of male patients and only 6.3% of female patients smoked or drank. The overall 5-year survival rate was 64%. Female patients had a worse prognosis than male patients. Among the patients who received surgery, tumor size and lymph node involvement were independent prognostic factors. Smoking and drinking were not prognostic factors. Conclusion Among the Beijing inhabitants who were diagnosed with OSCC and treated in our hospital in the past 10 years, more than half of them were in the advanced stage, and the cancer stage was the main prognostic factor of oral cancer. Therefore, the recognition of oral cancer should be strengthened, and early detection and treatment of OSCC should be achieved to improve the survival rate.