bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Effectiveness of Intravenous Peramivir Compared With Oseltamivir in Patients With Severe Influenza A With Primary Viral Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Chen Hong-Dou , Wang Xu , Yu Shu-Le , Ding Yue-Hui , Wang Meng-Lei , Wang Jin-Na 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
High-quality evidence confirms that the clinical efficacy of peramivir in severe influenza patients with primary viral pneumonia is lacking. To optimize clinical medication, we evaluate the different efficacy between peramivir and oseltamivir in the treatment of severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia.

Methods
A single-center, randomized, controlled trial was conducted during the Chinese influenza season from December 2018 to April 2019 in patients with severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia. A total of 40 inpatients were enrolled and treated with either intravenous peramivir (300 mg, once daily for 5 days) or oral oseltamivir (75 mg, twice daily for 5 days).

Results
The duration of influenza virus nucleic acid positivity in the oseltamivir group and the peramivir group was 2.95 days and 2.80 days, respectively. The remission times of clinical symptoms in the oseltamivir group and the peramivir group were 3.90 days and 3.25 days, respectively. In addition, the remission time of cough symptoms in the peramivir group (63.89 hours) was shorter than that in the oseltamivir group (75.53 hours). There was no significant difference between these values (P &gt; .05). The remission time of fever symptoms in the oseltamivir group was 23.67 hours, which was significantly longer than that in the peramivir group (12.32 hours) (P = .034).

Conclusions
Peramivir is no less effective than oseltamivir in the treatment of severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia, and patients treated with peramivir had significantly shorter remission times of fever symptoms than those treated with oseltamivir.
Low Back Pain–Related Disability Is Associated with Pain-Related Beliefs Across Divergent Non–English-Speaking Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alamam Dalyah M , Leaver Andrew , Alsobayel Hana I , Moloney Niamh , Lin Jianhua , Mackey Martin G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined relationships between low back pain (LBP)–related disability and pain beliefs, including pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, self-efficacy, and back pain beliefs, in non–English-speaking populations. Additionally, the effects of selected cultural factors (i.e., language/geographic area) on the strength of relationships were examined.

Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Nine databases were searched. Studies included observational or randomized control clinical trials. Eligible studies had to report estimates of the association between pain beliefs and disability. Pooled estimates of correlation coefficients were obtained through random-effects meta-analysis methods.

Results
Fifty-nine studies, (n = 15,383) were included. Moderate correlations were identified between disability and pain self-efficacy (chronic LBP r = −0.51, P ≤ 0.001), between disability and pain catastrophizing (acute LBP r = 0.47, P ≤ 0.001; chronic LBP r = 0.44, P ≤ 0.001), and also between disability and pain-related fear (chronic LBP r = 0.41, P ≤ 0.001). Otherwise, weak correlations were identified between disability and most pain beliefs (range r = −0.23 to 0.35, P ≤ 0.001). Pooled correlation coefficients between disability and all pain beliefs (except the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire–Work subscale) represent medium effects and suggest that lower disability was associated with greater pain self-efficacy, less pain-related fear, less catastrophic thinking, and less negative back pain beliefs about the nature and cause of back pain. Results were consistent across most language groups and geographic regions; few studies reported ethnicity or religion.

Discussion
LBP-related disability was associated with pain-related beliefs, with consistency demonstrated for each pain belief construct across divergent non–English-speaking populations. Further research examining cultural factors, such as ethnicity or religion, and with a more diverse population is warranted.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students
Authors: Lucia Victoria C , Kelekar Arati , Afonso Nelia M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Medical students are among the group of frontline healthcare providers likely to be exposed to COVID-19 patients. It is important to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination coverage rates in this group as soon as a vaccine is available. As future healthcare providers, they will be entrusted with providing vaccine recommendations and counseling vaccine-hesitant patients.

Methods
This project used self-report to assess vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among medical students towards the novel COVID-19 vaccine.

Results
Nearly all participants had positive attitudes towards vaccines and agreed they would likely be exposed to COVID-19; however, only 53% indicated they would participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial and 23% were unwilling to take a COVID-19 vaccine immediately upon FDA approval. Students willing to immediately take the vaccine were more likely to trust public health experts, have fewer concerns about side effects and agree with vaccine mandates (P &lt; 0.05). Concern for serious side effects was independently predictive of lower odds of intent to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial (AOR = 0.41, P = 0.01).

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among US medical students and highlights the need for an educational curriculum about the safety and effectiveness to promote uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Crisis Poison Pills*
Authors: Eldar Ofer , Wittry Michael D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We show that a large number of firms adopt poison pills during periods of market turmoil. Specifically, during the coronavirus pandemic, many firms adopted poison pills following declines in valuations, and stock prices increased upon the announcement of firms’ poison pill adoption. Stock price increases are driven by (1) firms in which activist shareholders acquire ownership stakes and (2) firms in industries that had high exposure to the crisis. Likewise, we find a positive reaction to pills with provisions directed at stalling activists’ interventions. Our results suggest that crisis pills that target potentially disruptive ownership changes may benefit current shareholders. (JEL G30, G32, G34, G38, E32)
Received August 14, 2020; editorial decision October 23, 2020 by Editor Andrew Ellul. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix,which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Implications of Stochastic Transmission Rates for Managing Pandemic Risks
Authors: Hong Harrison , Wang Neng , Yang Jinqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce aggregate transmission shocks to an epidemic model and link firm valuations to infections via an asset pricing framework with vaccines. Infections lower earnings growth but firms can mitigate damages. We estimate a large reproduction number ${\mathcal R}_0$ and transmission volatility for COVID-19. Using these estimates, we quantify the bias of deterministic approximations based on ${\mathcal R}_0$. Our model generates predictions consistent with the data: unexpected infection resurgence, nonmonotonic mitigation policies, and higher price-to-earnings ratios during a pandemic. Valuations would be significantly lower absent mitigation and a high vaccine arrival rate.
Nuclear Restart Politics: How the ‘Nuclear Village’ Lost Policy Implementation Power
Authors: KOPPENBORG Florentine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe March 2011 nuclear accident (3.11) shook Japan’s nuclear energy policy to its core. In 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) returned to government with a pro-nuclear policy and the intention to swiftly restart nuclear power plants. In 2020, however, only six nuclear reactors were in operation. Why has the progress of nuclear restarts been so slow despite apparent political support? This article investigates the process of restarting nuclear power plants. The key finding is that the ‘nuclear village’, centered on the LDP, Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry, and the nuclear industry, which previously controlled both nuclear policy goal-setting and implementation, remained in charge of policy decision making, i.e. goal-setting, but lost policy implementation power to an extended conflict over nuclear reactor restarts. The main factors that changed the politics of nuclear reactor restarts are Japan’s new nuclear safety agency, the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), and a substantial increase in the number of citizens’ class-action lawsuits against nuclear reactors. These findings highlight the importance of assessing both decision making and implementation in assessments of policy change.
The relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by cigarette smoke condensate
Authors: Yu Qi , Yang Sa , Li Zhongqiu , Zhu Yonghang , Li Zhenkai , Zhang Jiatong , Li Chunyang , Feng Feifei , Wang Wei , Zhang Qiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) is one of the severe risk factors for the development of the pulmonary disease. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the CS-induced the human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) apoptosis related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy, remains to be studied. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ERS and autophagy in apoptosis induced by CS condensate (CSC). BEAS-2B cells were stimulated with 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/ml CSC for 24 h to detect the ERS, autophagy and apoptosis. Then, ERS and autophagy of BEAS-2B cells were inhibited, respectively, by using 4-PBA and 3-MA, and followed by CSC treatment. The results showed that CSC decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, elevated cleaved-caspase 3/pro-caspase 3 ratio and Bax expressions, but decreased Bcl-2 expressions. The GRP78 and CHOP expressions and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were dose-dependently increased. The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum was abnormal and the number of autolysosomes was increased in BEAS-2B cells after CSC stimulation. The LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was decreased after ERS inhibition with 4-PBA, but GRP78 and CHOP expressions were enhanced after autophagy inhibition with 3-MA. CSC-induced apoptosis was further increased, Bax expressions and cleaved-caspase 3/pro-caspase 3 ratio were improved, but Bcl-2 expressions were decreased after 3-MA or 4-PBA treatment. In conclusion, the study indicates that ERS may repress apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by CSC via activating autophagy, but autophagy relieves ERS in a negative feedback. This study provides better understanding and experimental support on the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary disease stimulated by CS.
Defining the Histopathological Term Atypical Intraepidermal Melanocytic Proliferation: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bou-Prieto Alfredo , Sarriera-Lázaro Carlos J. , Valentín-Nogueras Sheila M. , Sánchez Julio E. , Sánchez Jorge L. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation (AIMP) is a general term assigned to melanocytic proliferations of uncertain biological potential when a definitive histopathological diagnosis cannot be achieved. There are few data available describing the possibility of malignancy of AIMP, or ways to further define diagnosis.

Objective:
To determine the rate of diagnostic change of AIMP to melanoma or melanoma in situ (MIS) after conventional excision. In addition, to determine the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in defining AIMP biopsies.

Methods:
Retrospective cross-sectional, single-center review of biopsies with a diagnosis of AIMP with a follow-up conventional excision from 2012–2016 was performed. In a separate analysis, a search was performed for AIMP biopsied lesions in which IHC was subsequently performed.

Results:
The rate of diagnostic change of AIMP to MIS was 4.8% (8/167) after excision. Punch biopsy was a risk factor for diagnostic change to MIS (odds ratio 12.94, confidence interval 2.56–65.38, P = 0.008). The rate of diagnostic change of AIMP biopsies after examining with IHC was 21.3% (34/160) to MIS and 4.4% (7/160) to melanoma.

Conclusion:
The possibility of malignancy of AIMP lesions must be taken into consideration when counseling patients and when planning treatment options. IHC is a useful tool and should be used in the evaluation of AIMP specimens.
Systemic treatment of a metastatic carotid body tumor
Authors: Xing Jiazhang , Cheng Yuejuan , Ying Hongyan , Guan Mei , Jia Ning , Bai Chunmei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are head and neck paragangliomas (PGLs) with a low incidence of distant metastasis. To date, only a few metastatic cases treated with detailed systemic therapy are reported and effective management is still inconclusive. Herein, we reported a metastatic CBT case with systemic therapy and reviewed the reported systemic treatment.

Patient concerns:
A 56-year-old man noticed multiple painless nodules on the right side of the neck and developed debilitating chest and back pain 7 years after the CBT resection.

Diagnoses:
Widespread bone and lymph nodes CBT metastases.

Interventions:
Biopsies of the enlarged lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic CBT and 18F-FDG PET-CT detected multiple right cervical lymph nodes and bone metastases. 24 cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine (CVD) chemotherapy were given since May 2016 to Jul 2018 and dacarbazine maintenance therapy was given in the next 15 months follow-up period.

Outcomes:
Partial remission was achieved according to the Response Evaluation in Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria. A prominent control in the metastatic lesions were also observed in 18F-FDG PET-CT scan.

Lessons:
Evidence for systemic management of metastatic CBTs is mainly based on studies of PGLs and pheochromocytoma. According to our review on metastatic CBT cases treated with systemic therapy from 1981 to 2018, chemotherapy, especially the CVD regimen, was a common reported management. In SDHB mutated patients, sunitinib and temozolomide could also be considered.
Systemic sclerosis and risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Cen Xintao , Feng Sining , Wei Shanshan , Yan Lu , Sun Ledong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder leading to extensive fibrosis and microvascular injury. Macrovascular disease is well documented in other autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the link is unclear between SSc and macrovascular disease, particularly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between SSc and CVD.

Methods:
A thorough literature search was conducted in the Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and PubMed to identify all cohort studies comparing the risk of CVD with and without SSc. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cardiovascular end points were calculated. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results:
Seven cohort studies with a total of 14,813 study participants were included. In a comparison of SSc patients versus non-SSc controls, the pooled HR for cardiovascular disease was 2.36 (95% CI 1.97–2.81); for peripheral vascular disease was 5.27 (95%CI 4.27–6.51); for myocardial infarction was 2.36 (95% CI 1.71–3.25); and for stroke was 1.52 (95% CI 1.18–1.96).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis revealed that SSc was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Clinicians who manage patients with SSc should be aware of the increased cardiovascular burden and undertake preventive measures.
Effectiveness and safety of 3 different traditional Chinese therapies for asthma in minors
Authors: Yan Shi Fan , Yu Ting , Li Fu Sheng , Huang Yong , Wang Mao Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the treatment of asthma, but currently there has been no comprehensive evaluation on the efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine therapies, based on network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods and analysis:
The retrieval strategy was strictly followed in the English databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases: CNKI and Wanfang. The retrieval time was limited from the beginning of each database construction to September 12, 2020. Meanwhile, in order to prevent data missing, we compared the previous meta-analysis to determine the final inclusion results. The main indexes were Spirometry, the secondary indexes were Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and adverse events. Methodological quality of articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborative tool, and evidence quality was assessed using the Recommended Scoring, Development, and Evaluation tool. Completed The NMA using Stata statistical software (Version 14.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX). The Cochrane Collaboration's Tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of articles, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation instrument was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. NMA was completed by using Stata Statistical Software (Version 14.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX).

Results:
The study will rank 3 traditional Chinese medicine treatments for asthma.

Conclusion:
This study is the first time to use NMA to compare the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma, which will provide ideas and methods for the clinical treatment for asthma.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202090052
Gancao Xiexin decoction combined with mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhong Chun , Cheng Xiaoming , Jia Bo , Xiong PeiYu , Lu Jinhua , Zhang Peixu , Liu Xinglong , Chen Yunhui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Backgroud:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the rectum, colon and ileum. Gancao Xiexin decoction (GCXXD) is a classic herbal formula in Shanghanlun. More and more research evidence shows that GCXXD has a certain therapeutic effect on UC. Therefore, we designed this study protocol aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GCXXD combine with mesalazine for UC.

Methods:
We will systematically search 6 databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, Wang-fang database up to July 2020 to obtain eligible studies. The primary outcomes will focus on the clinical effectiveness. Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for data analysis.

Results:
This study will provide the systematic evidence of UC treated with GCXXD combine with mesalazine.

Conclusion:
The findings of this meta-analysis will provide evidence to judge whether GCXXD combine with mesalazine is a more effective intervention compare to mesalazine only for patient of UC.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202080008.
Comparison of kinesio taping and sham taping in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Wang Siqing , Lu Kun , Sun Yongming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a clinical condition characterized by moderate to severe pain in the lower spine that severely affects the patient's life experience and leads to disability and absenteeism. In the past few years, kinesio tape (KT) have been utilized by physiotherapists as a relatively novel band-aid method to reduce the pain of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, in this particular study, we intended to search the effects of KT and sham KT on pain, lumbar range of motion, and disability for CLBP.

Methods:
The present study was experimented in a physiotherapy clinic in the Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province. The study design was a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Inclusion criteria for the study were the followings: chief complaint pain in the area between 12 ribs and hip creases with or without leg pain; ages ranges from 18 to 65; low back pain lasts <6 weeks; and at any rate medium pain intensity (pain score ≥4). Participants were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 parallel combinations to receive either therapeutic KT or sham KT. Patients were assessed at baseline, at the end of the 12-day intervention, and at 4 weeks of follow-up. The main result measure was pain intensity using a numerical rating scale (NRS), and the secondary outcome measure was lumbar lateral flexion activity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and adverse effects including allergic reactions or skin problems.

Conclusions:
The results of this study will provide new information about the usefulness of KT as an additional component of a guideline-endorsed physiotherapy program in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6070).
Intraoperative testing of colorectal anastomosis and the incidence of anastomotic leak
Authors: Kryzauskas Marius , Bausys Augustinas , Jakubauskas Matas , Valciukiene Jurate , Makunaite Gabija , Jasiunas Eugenijus , Bausys Rimantas , Poskus Eligijus , Strupas Kestutis , Poskus Tomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
AL remains one of the most threatening complications in colorectal surgery. Significant efforts are put to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of leakage and to create the strategies to prevent it. We aimed to determine whether intraoperative testing of mechanical integrity and perfusion of colorectal anastomosis could reduce the incidence of AL.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of papers published before November 2019 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and comparing intraoperative testing of the colorectal anastomosis with standard care were conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were used to assess the association between intraoperative testing and AL.

Results:
A total of 23 studies totaling 7115 patients were included. Pooled analysis revealed intraoperative tests, for integrity (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34–0.82, P < .001) and perfusion (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22–0.752, P < .001) of the lower gastrointestinal tract anastomoses are associated with significantly lower AL rate.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative testing for either integrity or perfusion of anastomoses both reduce the AL rate. Studies looking at the combination of these two testing methods of anastomosis, especially intraoperative endoscopy, and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography may be very promising to further reduction of the AL.