bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color stability of individually stained monolithic zirconia following occlusal adjustment
Authors: Herpel Christopher , Rammelsberg Peter , Rues Stefan , Zenthöfer Andreas , Seceleanu Irina , Corcodel Nicoleta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo meet esthetic requirements, monolithic zirconia can be stained by color‐infiltration. However, adjustments of occlusal surfaces are often necessary, leading to demasking effects if too much of the color‐infiltrated layer is removed. The effect of subsequent material removal on color stability of individually stained zirconia is analyzed here.Materials and methodsThirty‐six white zirconia disks were divided into three groups. Standardized staining strategies for tooth colors VITA A2, A3.5, and A4 were developed and applied to the disks. Samples were grinded in nine successive steps from 20 to 500 μm. A spectroradiometer was used to measure the color differences after each step. Regression analyses were performed for color differences from baseline as a function of depth of material removal. Depth of material removal resulting in color changes surpassing the acceptability threshold of ΔE00 = 1.8 was estimated using inverse prediction.ResultsUp to 500 μm material removal, color difference ΔE00 changes linearly with the depth of material removal (P < 0.05). Regression analyses showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.97 (VITA A2), 0.87 (VITA A3.5), and 0.96 (VITA A4). Acceptability threshold was surpassed at 62, 87, and 92 μm, respectively.ConclusionsDiscolorations occur within clinically relevant occlusal adjustments of <100 μm. The effect is more severe with lighter, less saturated tooth colors.Clinical significanceStaining that is resistant to occlusal adjustments and abrasion is only possible if the staining solution infiltrates sufficiently deep into the ceramic structure. This study provides for the first time in the literature numerical values that describe the thresholds of acceptability of color differences in zirconia ceramics. These values are essential because they determine the extent of possible occlusal adjustments, and thus the color stability. Further research is necessary to improve the infiltration depth of staining solutions.
First report on the characterization of pathogenic Rahnella aquatilis KCL‐5 from crucian carp: Revealed by genomic and proteomic analyses
Authors: Liang Jing , Hu Xiucai , Lü Aijun , Sun Jingfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRahnella aquatilis is an important pathogen of several aquatic organisms and is found widely distributed in the freshwater, soil, fish and human clinical samples. Our previously published study reported a novel pathogenic R. aquatilis strain KCL‐5 to crucian carp (Carassius auratus). To further investigate the characteristics and pathogenesis caused by R. aquatilis, we here report on the pathological changes, bacterial genomic and proteomic analyses of strain KCL‐5. Significantly pathological changes in liver, intestine, spleen and gills were observed in infected fish. The genome consists of one circular chromosome 5,062,299 bp with 52.02% GC content and two plasmids (506,827 bp, 52.16%; 173,433 bp, 50.00%) and predicted 5,653 genes, 77 tRNAs and 22 rRNAs. Some virulence factors were characterized, including outer membrane protein, haemolysin, RTX toxin, chemotaxis and T3SS secretion system. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as EmrAB‐TolC, MexABC‐OpmB and RosAB efflux pump were found in strain KCL‐5. KEGG analysis showed that mainly functional modules were ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, two‐component system, quorum sensing, flagellum assembly and chemotaxis, in which most of them were identified by using 2‐DE/MS analyses. To our knowledge, this was first report on the molecular characteristics of R. aquatilis by multi‐omics approaches, which will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of R. aquatilis infection in fish.
A randomised clinical pilot trial to test the effectiveness of parent training with video modelling to improve functioning and symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability
Authors: Bordini D. , Paula C. S. , Cunha G. R. , Caetano S. C. , Bagaiolo L. F. , Ribeiro T. C. , Martone M. C. C. , Portolese J. , Moya A. C. , Brunoni D. , Bosa C. , Brentani H. , Cogo‐Moreira H. , de Jesus Mari J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoor eye contact and joint attention are early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and important prerequisites for developing other socio‐communicative skills. Teaching parents evidence‐based techniques to improve these skills can impact the overall functioning of children with ASD. We aimed to analyse the impact of conducting a group parent‐training intervention with video modelling to improve the intelligent quotient (IQ), social and communication functioning and to minimise symptoms in children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID).MethodsStudy design: A multicentre, single‐blinded, randomised clinical pilot trial of parent training using video modelling was conducted.Sample: Sixty‐seven parents of children with ASD, aged between 3 and 6 years and with IQs between 50 and 70, were randomised: 34 to the intervention group and 33 to the control group.Intervention program: The intervention group received parent training over 22 sessions, and the control group received the standard community treatment.Instruments: Pre‐evaluation and post‐evaluation (week 28), the following were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale I, Snijders‐Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Autism Behaviour Checklist and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Data Analysis: Intention to treat and complier‐average causal effect (CACE) were used to estimate the effects of the intervention.ResultsThere was a statistically significant improvement in the Vineland standardized communication scores in CACE (Cohen'sd = 0.260). There was a non‐statistically significant decrease in autism symptomatology (Autism Behaviour Checklist total scores) and a significant increase in the non‐verbal IQ in the intervention group. After the false discovery rate correction was applied, IQ remained statistically significant under both paradigms. The effect size for this adjusted outcome under the intention‐to‐treat paradigm was close to 0.4, and when considering adherence (CACE), the effect sizes were more robust (IQ's Cohen'sd = 0.433).ConclusionsParent training delivered by video modelling can be a useful technique for improving the care given to children with ASD and ID, particularly in countries that lack specialists.
Increased chemokine RANTES in synovial fluid and its role in early‐stage degenerative temporomandibular joint disease
Authors: Feng Shi‐Yang , Lei Jie , Chen Hui‐Min , Wang Yi‐Xiang , Yap Adrian U‐Jin , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in adolescents and young adults is closely associated with disc displacement without reduction (DDw/oR).ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the pathogenesis of early‐stage TMJ DJD induced by DDw/oR.Methods31 female subjects aged 12‐30 years were enrolled, comprising 12 patients with DDw/oR without DJD, 13 with DDw/oR and early‐stage DJD, and 6 healthy volunteers. The synovial fluid samples of the subjects were screened for 27 inflammatory‐related cytokines using multiple cytokine array. Significantly increased cytokines and a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis “receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand” (RANKL) were further determined by sandwich immunoassay. These factors were also assessed for the possible pathophysiologic actions on RAW264.7 cell proliferation, migration, osteoclastogenesis and bone‐resorbing activity using Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell system, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and osteo assay plates.ResultsMacrophage‐derived inflammatory protein‐1 beta (MIP‐1β) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were found to vary significantly in relation to the controls. In contrast to an unchanged concentration of RANKL, a strong increase in the level of RANTES was detected in subjects with DDw/oR and early‐stage DJD. MIP‐1β concentrations were only elevated in subjects with DDw/oR without DJD. Functionally, both MIP‐1β and RANTES could enhance macrophage migration in a concentration‐dependent manner, while only RANTES exhibited a promoting effect on osteoclast formation and bone‐resorbing activity.ConclusionsChemokine RANTES was significantly upregulated and might be a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis contributing to DDw/oR‐induced early‐stage TMJ DJD.
Biotic and abiotic factors associated with citrus progressive decline in Fars Province, Iran
Authors: Khanchezar Amin , Izadpanah Keramatollah , Mirtalebi Maryam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCitrus decline has become a devastating problem in citrus‐growing regions of southern Iran. The affected trees show progressive yellowing of leaves, thinning of the canopy, dieback and total collapse. Despite a number of attempts, the aetiology of the decline has remained uncertain. In the present study, we evaluated the potential association of various biotic and abiotic factors with the decline in the Fars Province of Iran. Biotic agents surveyed included Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Spiroplasma citri, phytoplasmas, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and root infecting fungi and oomycetes. Abiotic factors studied were soil and water salinity, changes in prevailing temperature and other environmental conditions. In our surveys, Ca. L. asiaticus, either alone or in combination with other factors, had the highest frequency of association (92%) with the decline, followed by S. citri (75%). Ca. L. asiaticus was not detected in any of the non‐decline trees examined. Pythium or Phytophthora species and a fungus of theFusarium solani species complex were also isolated from roots of many declining trees. Phytoplasmas were found only in few cases, and populations of citrus nematode were often below the threshold of economic loss. Soil/water salinity were in the suitable range for citrus cultivation in most cases. It is suggested that the decline is initiated by Ca. L. asiaticus infection, which is known to weaken the root system and make it vulnerable to infection by opportunistic soil fungi and oomycetes. S. citri, summer temperatures, low air humidity and overbearing of the trees seem to be other potential factors contributing to the intensity of the disease.
Men’s experiences of eating disorder treatment: A qualitative systematic review of men‐only studies
Authors: Richardson Candice , Paslakis Georgios 
Published: July 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

There is a widespread perception that eating disorders are predominantly women´s illnesses. Most studies in the field of eating disorders include predominantly women. Current eating disorder programmes are tailored to meet women´s needs.

At the same time, studies show that the rate of eating disorders among men is rising.

Men tend to seek help for their eating disorder late in the course of their illness; even when they do seek treatment, they run risk of being undiagnosed by health professionals.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

We assessed the current knowledge on how men think and feel about their eating disorders and explored how this may affect their help‐seeking behaviours and how they go about managing their eating disorders.

Men experience unique symptoms and issues that may translate into unique treatment needs.

There is a call to re‐evaluate the current status quo for men with eating disorders regarding access to and receiving treatment for their eating disorders.

What are the implications for practice?

It is becoming an increasing priority to effectively treat men with eating disorders.

Men need to be recognized as stakeholders in eating disorder‐associated health care delivery. Healthcare professionals should receive training about the nature of eating disorders in men.

Eating disorder‐specific treatments will require adaptations to mirror the needs of individuals rather than particular gender/sex entities.

AbstractObjectiveDespite the widespread perception that eating disorders (EDs) are predominantly experienced by women and girls, the incidence rate among men has risen substantially in recent years. Men may face unique challenges accessing treatment, which can negatively affect prognosis. The present paper aimed to review men's thoughts and feelings about their ED, and their experiences of ED treatment.MethodWe conducted a systematic search for qualitative articles focusing on the treatment experiences of men with EDs.ResultsNine studies met inclusion criteria. Key themes that emerged across the studies were as follows: (a) recognition of the ED, (b) help‐seeking, (c) treatment characteristics and (d) patient characteristics. Given that EDs are widely regarded to exclusively affect women and girls, men were reluctant to recognize their EDs, faced minimization of their symptoms by health professionals and had difficulty finding treatments that were tailored to their unique needs and preferences as men.ConclusionsThe present findings may serve as reference points to design future ED‐specific interventions that are more inclusive of men. Further studies are needed to explore the differential experiences of men across diagnostic categories and treatment types, as well as elucidate the potential role of men‐only services.
Altered structure and functional connectivity of the central autonomic network in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Li Guanglu , Chen Zhichun , Zhou Liche , Zhao Aonan , Niu Mengyue , Li Yuanyuan , Luo Ningdi , Kang Wenyan , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests peripheral autonomic structures may contribute to autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). However, whether the central autonomic network (CAN) is affected in iRBD remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 65 participants (32 patients with iRBD and 33 matched healthy controls). We investigated the CAN in patients with iRBD using a combined voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional connectivity analysis and characterised the relationships between alterations of the CAN and autonomic symptoms. Patients with iRBD had significantly reduced grey matter volume in the brainstem, anterior cingulate and insula compared with healthy controls. Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced functional connectivity between the brainstem and the cerebellum posterior lobe, temporal lobe and anterior cingulate in patients with iRBD. In patients with iRBD, both reduced grey matter volume and decreased functional connectivity of the CAN were negatively correlated with the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Autonomic scores. The present study demonstrated that both the structure and the functional connectivity of the CAN were abnormal in patients with iRBD. In addition, correlation analysis suggested that CAN abnormalities may also play a role in the development of autonomic symptoms in iRBD.
Ultrasonographic features and prevalence of presumed gastric wall edema in dogs with hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Heng Hock Gan , Lim Chee Kin , Parnell Nolie K. , Sola Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasonographic features of gastric wall edema have not been reported in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and ultrasonographic features of gastric wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia and analyze correlation with serum albumin concentrations.AnimalsForty‐two dogs with abdominal ultrasound and diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia (<2.3 g/dL).MethodsRetrospective search in the medical records from 2018 to 2019 was performed. Ultrasound studies were reviewed and >5 mm were considered gastric wall thickening. The gastric wall changes such as thickness, layering appearance, echogenicity, echotexture, distribution of lesions, and presence of peritoneal effusion were recorded. Serial ultrasonographic examination and histopathological findings were recorded if available. Mean serum albumin concentration of dogs with and without gastric wall thickening was compared.ResultsPrevalence of gastric wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia was 21.4% (95% confidence intervals 7.4‐35.4%). Mean gastric wall thickness was 10.0 ± 2.0 mm. Preserved mucosal layer and thickening of submucosal layer were observed in all 9 dogs. Five dogs had 3‐layer appearance in thickened submucosal layer. Diffuse wall thickening was observed in 6 dogs. All 9 dogs had peritoneal effusion. Subsequent changes of gastric wall thickening were observed in 3 dogs (range 4‐70 days). Gastric wall edema was confirmed histopathologically in 2 dogs via necropsy. There was no correlation between serum albumin concentration of the dogs and gastric wall thickness.Conclusions and clinical importanceFindings indicated that gastric wall edema is a common finding in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. However, serum albumin concentrations did not correlate with the gastric wall thickness.
Dominance bySpartina densifloraslows salt marsh litter decomposition
Authors: Daleo Pedro , Montemayor Diana I. , Fanjul Eugenia , Alberti Juan , Martín Bruschetti Carlos , Martinetto Paulina , Pascual Jesús , Iribarne Oscar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestionsCoastal vegetated systems are known to play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation as a result of their efficiency sequestering and storing atmospheric CO2. While most of the work evaluating carbon sequestration capacity has focused on global change factors that can affect carbon release from plant litter decomposition through changes in (large‐scale) environmental conditions, less is known about the possible effects of the loss (or replacement) of dominant species. We hypothesized that dominant marsh plants can influence decomposition not only through changes in litter quality but also through changes in (microscale) soil environmental conditions such as humidity, soil temperature or solar radiation.LocationWe performed a field manipulative experiment in a southwestern (SW) Atlantic salt marsh in Argentina.MethodsWe simulate a selective disturbance (i.e., removal of the dominant grass speciesSpartina densiflora) thus allowing removal plots to develop an alternative plant community. To evaluate the effect of the dominant grass species on litter decomposition, in an experiment we performed a litterbag approach three years after the establishment of the removal plots.ResultsResults showed that the presence ofS. densiflorasignificantly decreased litter decomposition directly by producing less labile litter, but also by effects that seem to be related to its structure as standing dominant vegetation. The experimental removal ofS. densifloraled to an alternative plant community, formed by otherwise subordinate species, which is less densely packed, allowing higher radiation incidence on the soil and elevated midday soil temperature.ConclusionsOur results suggest that salt marsh litter decomposition, and thus C sequestration, is determined in part by the identity of the dominant plant, not only because of the quality of the produced litter but also as a consequence of the vegetation structure . Changes in species diversity, above all changes in the dominant species in these coastal systems, could have large impacts on the carbon turnover and mitigation capacity of these ecosystems.
Estimating fish population abundance by integrating quantitative data on environmental DNA and hydrodynamic modelling
Authors: Fukaya Keiichi , Murakami Hiroaki , Yoon Seokjin , Minami Kenji , Osada Yutaka , Yamamoto Satoshi , Masuda Reiji , Kasai Akihide , Miyashita Kazushi , Minamoto Toshifumi , Kondoh Michio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMolecular analysis of DNA left in the environment, known as environmental DNA (eDNA), has proven to be a powerful and cost‐effective approach to infer occurrence of species. Nonetheless, relating measurements of eDNA concentration to population abundance remains difficult because detailed knowledge on the processes that govern spatial and temporal distribution of eDNA should be integrated to reconstruct the underlying distribution and abundance of a target species. In this study, we propose a general framework of abundance estimation for aquatic systems on the basis of spatially replicated measurements of eDNA. The proposed method explicitly accounts for production, transport and degradation of eDNA by utilizing numerical hydrodynamic models that can simulate the distribution of eDNA concentrations within an aquatic area. It turns out that, under certain assumptions, population abundance can be estimated via a Bayesian inference of a generalized linear model. Application to a Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) population in Maizuru Bay revealed that the proposed method gives an estimate of population abundance comparable to that of a quantitative echo sounder method. Furthermore, the method successfully identified a source of exogenous input of eDNA (a fish market), which may render a quantitative application of eDNA difficult to interpret unless its effect is taken into account. These findings indicate the ability of eDNA to reliably reflect population abundance of aquatic macroorganisms; when the “ecology of eDNA” is adequately accounted for, population abundance can be quantified on the basis of measurements of eDNA concentration.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients from Iran: Species identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Ahmadikia Kazem , Mahmoudi Shahram , Kalantari Saeed , Jamalimoghadamsiahkali Saeidreza , Izadi Alireza , Kord Mohammad , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Seifi Arash , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Khajavirad Nasim , Ebrahimi Saeedeh , Koohfar Amirhossein , Boekhout Teun , Khodavaisy Sadegh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a major healthcare threat. Apparently, the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) is armed by special abilities to spread and dysregulate the immune mechanisms. The likelihood of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) development in COVID‐19 patients with a list of attributable risk factors for oral infections has not yet been investigated.ObjectivesWe here aim to investigate the prevalence, causative agents and antifungal susceptibility pattern of OPC in Iranian COVID‐19 patients.Patients and MethodsA total of 53 hospitalised COVID‐19 patients with OPC were studied. Relevant clinical data were mined. Strain identification was performed by 21‐plex PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2). Antifungal susceptibility testing to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin was performed according to the CLSI broth dilution method.ResultsIn 53 COVID‐19 patients with OPC, cardiovascular diseases (52.83%) and diabetes (37.7%) were the principal underlying conditions. The most common risk factor was lymphopaenia (71%). In total, 65 Candida isolates causing OPC were recovered. C albicans (70.7%) was the most common, followed by C glabrata (10.7%), C dubliniensis (9.2%), C parapsilosis sensu stricto (4.6%), C tropicalis (3%) and Pichia kudriavzevii (=C krusei, 1.5%). Majority of the Candida isolates were susceptible to all three classes of antifungal drugs.ConclusionOur data clarified some concerns regarding the occurrence of OPC in Iranian COVID‐19 patients. Further studies should be conducted to design an appropriate prophylaxis programme and improve management of OPC in critically ill COVID‐19 patients.