bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotyping of Multidrug Resistant Campylobacter Jejuni from Poultry and Humans in Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Karikari Akosua Bonsu , Saba Courage Kosi Setsoafia , Kpordze Stephen Wilson 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThermophilic Campylobacters are zoonotic bacteria which are universally famous for causing enteritis in humans. They are normally found as commensals in the digestive tract of food animals with poultry being a major reservoir of the pathogenic species. This study evaluated the presence of Campylobacter in poultry (commercial and domestic) and humans (patients and asymptomatic individuals) and characterized strains by biotyping and susceptibility test in the Northern region of Ghana. ResultsOf the 346 poultry and 741 human samples analyzed, 43.1% and 12.9% Campylobacter species were recovered. Isolation frequency from commercial birds was significantly more (50.5%) than domestic birds (33.8%), as incidence in patients and asymptomatic individuals was 15.4% and 9% with a p=0.001. Campylobacter jejuni were recovered from more than eighty percent (84%) of commercial birds and 64% of domestic birds and in humans significantly less strains were observed in patients than asymptomatic individuals (p <0.05). Distribution of biotypes in domestic birds, patients and asymptomatic individuals were comparable with C. jejuni biotype I prevalence and Bioytype II largely in commercial poultry. All strains were resistant to tetracycline; and against erythromycin, 69.3% of jejuni strains were resistant but no resistance was recorded among the non-jejuni strains. Most resistance was noted among patient strains. Imipenem and the aminoglycosides were relatively effective as resistance of 10% and below 20% were obtained. Multidrug resistance was between 94-100% with 60% of strains being resistant to 4 or 5 classes of antibiotics. ConclusionThis study found phenotypic correlation between poultry and human strains coupled with copious isolation of C. jejuni biotypes I and II from commercial and domestic poultry which may well be possible source of threat to public health. None of the endorsed treatment drugs (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline) can be admitted in this region due to common resistance found among strains against these agents but imipenem and aminoglycosides proved to be reliable as strains showed ample susceptibility. The multiple drug resistance (94-100%) observed in our study and other related investigations in the country call for rapid implementation of the policy on antimicrobial use and resistance which has been launched in Ghana.
Clinical Characteristics of 20 Patients with Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A 6-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Zhanbo , Zhang Zhaorui , Dai Yu , Zhu Qiang , Liang Zhixin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare disease and there are few systematic studies on the disease. We summarized the clinical and pathological data of CEP to improve the understanding of the disease, as well as to reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Methods: The data of patients pathologically diagnosed as CEP in PLA General Hospital between May 2013 and May 2019 were collected, and the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, pathological features, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 20 patients with CEP, including 6 males and 14 females. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 47.0 ± 10.2 (22-83) years, and the average course of disease was 15.5 ±11.5 (2-72) months. The main clinical manifestations were cough, dyspnea, expectoration, and shortness of breath, and often accompanied by fever, weight loss, and asthenia. 19 patients had elevated peripheral blood eosinophils, with the proportion of eosinophils ranging from 5.3-64.7%, and the absolute value of eosinophils ranging from 0.72-14.43×109/L. 18 patients had increased proportion of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ranging from 12-67%, with an average of 46%. The main imaging features were patchy shadows, consolidated shadows, and ground glass shadows. The histological examination of bronchial mucosal biopsy indicated eosinophilic infiltration in submucosal tissues and the pulmonary biopsy indicated a large number of eosinophils infiltration in alveolar cavity and septum as the main pathological changes of CEP. All of 20 patients were treated with glucocorticoid, and one of them relapsed during follow-up. Conclusions: The onset of CEP is insidious and the clinical manifestations are lack of specificity. Eosinophils increase in peripheral blood and BALF in most of CEP patients. The typical image is peripheral and subpleural distribution of lung infiltrates. The diagnosis of CEP depends on pathology, and glucocorticoid therapy is effective.
Investigating the Impact of Virtual Reality and Gamification on Improving Physical Activities in Children
Authors: roshanpour reza , Nikroo Mohammad Hazegh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:The rise of obesity creates a critical health problem in childhood which can establish obesity in adulthood. It is significant in the first years of life to participate in physical activity program. In other words, children have to perform physical activity for preventing obesity and toward reducing obesity in adulthood. In this regard, it seems to be important in elementary schools. In this regard, interventions were used to perform physical activity. We have utilized virtual reality and gamification as an intervention to increase motivation for exerting physical activity in elementary school. In reality, three critical areas have been identified to enhance quality physical education program include Promoting intrinsic motivation, enhancing perceived physical competence, and creating a mastery-oriented physical-activity environment.Methods:Mixed quantitative and qualitative study to specify the effects of integration gamification and virtual reality in the physical activity program was used. Analyses were conducted using IBM Statistics SPSS 25.0 software. Also, we used independent-samples T-test to compare results.Results: Total of 25 elementary students participated in our study.This study performed about combination of gamification and virtual reality games. we divided all the students into diverse groups.Results indicated the use of virtual reality and gamification could enhance motivation in children to perform physical activity in school.Conclusion:Virtual reality technology and gamification on physical activity environments had a positive effect on the motivation of elementary students.virtual reality and gamification on motivation leads students to achieve higher levels of engagement in performing physical activity.
Rapid Cycle Implementation and Retrospective Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Checklist in Labor and Delivery
Authors: Zucco Liana , Levy Nadav , Li Yunping , Golen Toni , Shainker Scott A , Hess Philip E , Ramachandran Satya Krishna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Preparedness efforts for a COVID-19 outbreak required redesign and implementation of a perioperative workflow for the management of obstetric patients. In this report we describe the rapid cycle implementation of a comprehensive perioperative checklist for care of the COVID-19 parturient and a retrospective analysis of the factors which influenced implementation success.
Methods
A newly designed workflow for COVID-19 parturients requiring perioperative care was produced as a checklist, intended for use as a cognitive aid. Implementation and refinement of the workflow was accomplished through rapid-cycling, debriefing and on-site walkthroughs. Retrospective evaluation of the implementation experience was performed using a group deliberation approach, mapped against the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
Results
Post-implementation, consistent use of the workflow was reported for all obstetric COVID-19 perioperative cases (100% compliance). Evaluation of our implementation using CFIR revealed domains of process implementation and innovation characteristics as overwhelming facilitators for success. Constructs within the outer setting, inner setting and characteristic of individuals (external pressures, baseline culture, and personal attributes) were felt to act as barriers. Constructs such as communication, shifted in influence over time.
Conclusion
We describe the implementation of a comprehensive obstetric workflow checklist for care of the COVID-19 perioperative patient. A retrospective evaluation of our implementation experience was possible using CFIR, which enabled identification of barriers and facilitators for change within our unit. Furthermore, we observed that implementation success was possible, despite facilitation being perceived within only two domains at baseline. Emerging themes from this study highlight the importance of thoughtful innovation design, careful implementation planning and the establishment of a long-standing culture of improvement, in order to facilitate implementation of change during a time of crisis.
COVID-19 Infected Woman with Tuberculous Meningitis: A Case Report
Authors: Nadershahbaz Mahshid , Bidaki Reza , Azimi Saeid , saghafi fatemeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several factors have been reported for COVID-19 disease. In addition, patients with COVID-19 are also susceptible to suffer from other problems. In this study, a case suffering from TB meningitis is reported to have developed COVID-19 disease, eventually showing symptoms of psychological disorders.Case presentation: A young Afghan woman was hospitalized with TB meningitis who did not respond to treatment. After a while, she was hospitalized again with diagnosis of COVID-19. The patient showed symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety. She also had pseudoseizure attacks several times, so antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications were started for the patient In order to treat conversion disorder and panic disorders.Conclusion: Tuberculous meningitis, postpartum depression and other factors can increase the risk of COVID-19 infection leading to psychological disorders like conversion disorder in susceptible.
Partial hepatectomy enhances growing of rat colorectal cancer cells CC531
Authors: Parte Borja Herrero de la , González-Arribas Mikel , Diaz-Sanz Iñaki , Palomares Teodoro , García-Alonso Ignacio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Nowadays, partial hepatectomy (PHx) is the gold standard for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases. After removing a substantial amount of hepatic tissue, however, growth factors are released to induce liver regeneration. These cytokines may promote the proliferation of liver micrometastases or circulating tumour cells still present in the patient. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PHx on the growth of liver metastases after intrasplenic cell inoculation.
Methods

Liver tumours were induced in 18 WAG/RijHsd male rats, by seeding 250,000 syngeneic colorectal cancer cells (CC-531) into the spleen. Twenty-eight days after tumour induction, the animals were sacrificed and the liver was removed and sliced to assess the relative tumour surface area (RTSA%).
Results

The RTSA% was significantly higher in animals which had undergone PHx than the controls (not hepatectomised) (46.98 ± 8.76% vs. 18.73 ± 5.65%; p < 0.05). While no differences were observed in the right lateral lobe, in either hepatectomised or non-hepatectomised animals, there were significant differences in liver surface occupied by metastases in the paramedian and caudate lobes in both groups.
Conclusion

In this experimental model, the process of growth of colorectal cancer cells in the liver clearly accelerates following PHx.
Case Report on Hemangioma of The Urinary Bladder: two rare cases and literature review
Authors: Zhao Guicheng , Mishra Prashant , Yang Jieshun , Ma Tiantian , Deng Cheng , Ke Changxing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Although hemangioma in the genitourinary system occurs relatively infrequently, bladder hemangioma has arisen during medical research. We describe two rare cases of urinary bladder hemangioma (UBH), in which was confirmed histopathology followed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease to raise awareness of urinary bladder hemangioma and appropriate management.Case presentation: A 41-year-old Chinese female presented with a sudden onset of painless gross hematuria for one month, Multi-Slice spiral computed tomography urography in the urological system showed the anterior and superior wall thickening of the bladder, multiple nodules and masses, exhibited multiple punctate calcifications and marked uneven enhancement. The second case is a 30-year-old female who was asymptomatic and incidentally founded a large bladder tumor during a routine examination from outside hospital, magnetic resonance imaging scan confirmed a 6.2cm x 6.9cm x 5.2cm soft tissue mass arising from the right anterior and superior wall of the bladder, which suggested the possibility of a benign bladder tumor. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of urinary bladder hemangioma. The radical cystectomy was performed with open-methods surgery associated with an abdominal wall ostomy of the ileal outlet tract for case 1. And case 2 finally underwent a Laparoscopic partial cystectomy. Hematuria resolved postoperatively and no evidence of tumor recurrence in three year follow-ups for case 1. Postoperative urinary and pelvic ultrasonography showed no signs of recurrence in three months follow-ups for case 2.Conclusion: Urinary bladder hemangioma is a benign non-urothelial tumor that rarely occurred in pediatric and adolescent patients . Clinical and radiological examinations are not adequate for an accurate diagnosis. Careful histopathological and immunohistochemical studies are required to establish the correct diagnosis. There is no ‘gold standard’ treatment for UBH, treatment options are varied for individuals with favorable follow-ups.
Healing Features of Experimental Injuries of Soft Tissues That Contain Foreign Bodies In The Form of Fragments Of Military Personnel Uniforms
Authors: Pavlov Sergey , Litvinova Olga , Mikhaylusov Rostislav , Negoduyko Vladimir , Kumetchko Marina , Semko Nataliia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The healing of combat wounds can be complicated by the presence of foreign bodies (FBs) in the form of fragments of military uniforms in the wound canal. During the experiment, the structural features of the regeneration of soft tissue injuries complicated by FBs in the form of fragments of two types of military uniforms were studied. Changes in the content of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during wound healing were studied.Methods By randomization, 60 rats were divided into 4 groups: intact (Int), control (Con) and two experimental (EG1, EG2). A layered incision of the thigh soft tissues was performed on the animals. In Con, wounds were sutured without implantation of FBs. A camouflage uniform consisting of 100% cotton was used as FBs for EG1, a uniform consisting of 65% cotton and 35% polyester was used for EG2. The size of the implanted fragments was 0.5 × 0.5 cm. The removal of laboratory animals from the experiment was carried out in 6 of each group on the 15th, 30th, 60th day. Histological studies of soft tissue samples were performed according to generally accepted methods. The growth factors content in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the usage of bFGF (Elabscience) and VEGF (Vector-Best) kits. Results In EG1, the inflammatory reaction proceeded intensively and protractedly, which complicated the development and maturation of granulation tissue (GT). In EG2, considering the moderate inflammatory reactions, healing of the wound defect and optimal encapsulation of FB became possible. The increase of the growth factors content in the blood of Con group animals was maximal for a period of 15 days: bFGF – 2.2 times, VEGF – 1.6 times (p <0.001 compared to Int). In groups of animals with textile implants, the bFGF content was maximal on the 60th day and exceeded the normal values by 1.7 times in EG1and by 2.6 times in EG2 (p <0.001 compared to Int). The level of VEGF in EG1 and EG2 at all stages was slightly higher than in healthy animals.Conclusion At all stages of the experiment, the repair of damaged tissue in rats was complicated by the presence of the textile foreign body (TFB). This confirms the need for thorough debridement of combat wounds during primary surgical treatment. The increase in bFGF production contributed to the development and maturation of GT in the injury area and optimal encapsulation of FBs. The level of VEGF in the experimental groups was increased relative to normal values, which reflected the chronicity of the injuries regeneration process.
DL-3-n-Butylphthalide Improves Physical and Cognitive Performance of Animals with Acute and Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia
Authors: Xu Gang , Shi Yikun , Sun Binda , Liu Lu , E Guoji , He Shu , Zhang Jianyang , Liu Bao , Hu Qiu , Chen Jian , Gao Yuqi , Zhang Erlong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) against ischemic hypoxia diseases. However, the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia is elusive. This study investigated the effect of NBP on animals with acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia.Methods: SD rats and Kunming mice administrated with NBP (90, 180 and 360 mg/kg for mice, and 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for rats) were located in 10,000 m hypobaric hypoxia chamber. And survival analysis of animals implied that NBP could significantly improve survival percent at 30 min. Then, treated animals were evaluated for exhaustive time and exhaustive distance in forced exercise wheel-track treadmill and treadmill running experiments at 5,800 m for 3 or 21 days, to evaluate physical functions. Rats were also evaluated for times of active escape, average time of active escape, time of passive escape, and average time of passive escape in a shuttle-box experiment at 5,800 m for 7 or 28 days, to evaluate cognitive functions. ATP level was evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscle and maloaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lactate, and glutathione peroxiase (GSH-Px) measurements and routine blood tests were detected.Results: Exhaustive time for rats (NBP, 120 and 240 mg/kg) and exhaustive time and distance for mice (NBP, 90 mg/kg) significantly increased under acute hypoxia. And NBP treatment significantly increased the exhaustive time for rats under chronic hypoxia. Moreover, NBP of 120 and 240 mg/kg significantly increased the average time of passive escape under acute and chronic hypoxia. These results suggested that NBP could improve physical and cognitive functions under acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, the levels of MDA and H2O2 decreased but those of SOD and GSH-Px increased under acute and chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, the content of ATP significantly increased, while lactate level significantly decreased. The results presented that NBP could regulate redox homeostasis and improve energy metabolism.Conclusion: NBP could improve physical and cognitive functions under acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia by increasing anti-oxidative capacity and energy supply.
Normative Reference Equations of Airway Dynamics Assessed by Whole-Body Plethysmography During Spontaneous Breathing Transitionally Evaluated in Infants, Children and Adults
Authors: Kraemer Richard , Smith Hans-Jürgen , Matthys Heinrich 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background In contrast to the conventional parameters of airway dynamics mostly obtained by the two-point approximation method, the effective specific airway resistance (sReff), its reciprocal value the effective specific airway conductance (sGeff) resp., obtained by the integration of the entire tidal breathing loop, features promising target parameters for differentiating between individual functional disease patterns. sReff can be computed as the ratio between the integral of the area enclosed by the plethysmographic shift volume–tidal flow loop, featuring the specific aerodynamic work of breathing (sWOB), and the tidal flow–volume loop, sGeff by the ratio of the integral of the tidal flow–volume loop and the sWOB, respectively. However, normative values for sWOB, sReff and sGeff at resting level are not yet available.Methods We aimed to define reference equations in healthy infants (n=28), children (n=47) and adults (n=273), which incorporates not only the standard anthropometric measures, but also lung volume and breathing pattern indices (including both volume and time indices). Retrospectively exported data were collected from databases of 5 Swiss lung function centres, in which plethysmography (Jaeger Würzburg, Germany) was performed using standard techniques (ATS-ERS criteria) for the assessment of airway dynamics, static lung volumes and forced breathing flow-volume loops.Results Using multi-linear modelling, reference equations of sReff, sGeff, and sWOB could be defined taking as independent parameters apart from anthropometric parameters, also parameters given by the ratio between the tidal volume (VT) and functional residual capacity (FRCpleth), and the ratio between VT and inspiratory time (VT/TI). In addition, we examined the effect of age on the breathing pattern, the relationship between breathing pattern (tidal volume) and timing (inspiratory time).Conclusions An alternative statistical approach to define reference equations of airway dynamics reveals that apart from the subject’s anthropometric measurements, parameters of the magnitude of static lung volumes, the breathing pattern, and the timing of breathing are co-variants of reference equations of airway dynamics over a large age range.
Association of Clinical and Laboratory Variables with In-Hospital Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Yucai , Song Kun , Peng Wen , Zhou Yang , Ding Qiong , Li Changluo , Ding Ning 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious complication in patients with acute stroke. Early prediction of DVT could enable physicians to perform a proper prevention strategy. We analyzed the association of clinical and laboratory variables with DVT to evaluate the risk of DVT in patients after stroke.Results: Acute stroke patients admitted to the Changsha Central Hospital between January 2016 and December 2019 with length of stay in hospital≥30 d were included. Clinical and laboratory variables for DVT at baseline were collected, and the diagnosis of DVT was confirmed by ultrasonography. Risk factors were developed by Multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 101 patients were included in the study, of which 77.2%(78/101) were diagnosed ischemic stroke and 22.8%(23/101)were confirmed hemorrhagic stroke. The overall incidence of DVT after acute stroke within 30 days was 19.8%(20/101). The level of D-dimer when DVT detected was significant increased than that on admission. Pulmonary infection and increased muscle tone as independent relevant factors for DVT were confirmed. Conclusions: Pulmonary infection as a risk factor and increased muscle tone as a protector factor for DVT were identified in patients after stroke and the significant change in level of D-dimer could be a warning for DVT occurrence. It helps with taking early managements to reduce the incidence of DVT in patients after stroke.