bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Associations of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure During Pregnancy With Blood Glucose Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ye Beizhu , Zhong Chunrong , Li Qian , Xu Shangzhi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xu , Chen Xi , Huang Li , Wang Huanzhuo , Zhang Zhen , Huang Jiao , Sun Guoqiang , Xiong Guoping , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Yang Nianhong , Wei Sheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Investigators in previous studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions regarding the relationship between relatively low exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while the association between high PM2.5 exposure and GDM risk has not been well studied. We investigated the association of high PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy with blood glucose levels and GDM risk in Chinese women. The present study was conducted from August 2013 to May 2016 among 3,967 pregnant women in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort in Wuhan, China. PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy for each participant was estimated by means of land-use regression models. An interquartile-range increase in PM2.5 exposure (33.84 μg/m3 for trimester 1 and 33.23 μg/m3 for trimester 2) was associated with 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.61) and 23% (95% CI: 1.01, 1.50) increased odds of GDM during trimester 1 and trimester 2, respectively. An interquartile-range increment of PM2.5 exposure during trimester 1 increased 1-hour and 2-hour blood glucose levels by 1.40% (95% CI: 0.42, 2.37) and 1.82% (95% CI: 0.98, 2.66), respectively. The same increment of PM2.5 exposure during trimester 2 increased fasting glucose level by 0.85% (95% CI: 0.41, 1.29). Our findings suggest that high PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy increases blood glucose levels and GDM risk in Chinese women.
Dynamic Reconfiguration, Fragmentation, and Integration of Whole-Brain Modular Structure across Depths of Unconsciousness
Authors: Standage Dominic , Areshenkoff Corson N , Nashed Joseph Y , Hutchison R Matthew , Hutchison Melina , Heinke Dietmar , Menon Ravi S , Everling Stefan , Gallivan Jason P 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeneral anesthetics are routinely used to induce unconsciousness, and much is known about their effects on receptor function and single neuron activity. Much less is known about how these local effects are manifest at the whole-brain level nor how they influence network dynamics, especially past the point of induced unconsciousness. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with nonhuman primates, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of anesthesia on whole-brain temporal modular structure, following loss of consciousness. We found that higher isoflurane dose was associated with an increase in both the number and isolation of whole-brain modules, as well as an increase in the uncoordinated movement of brain regions between those modules. Conversely, we found that higher dose was associated with a decrease in the cohesive movement of brain regions between modules, as well as a decrease in the proportion of modules in which brain regions participated. Moreover, higher dose was associated with a decrease in the overall integrity of networks derived from the temporal modules, with the exception of a single, sensory-motor network. Together, these findings suggest that anesthesia-induced unconsciousness results from the hierarchical fragmentation of dynamic whole-brain network structure, leading to the discoordination of temporal interactions between cortical modules.
Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis To Describe the Transmission Dynamics Among Inuit Residing in Iqaluit Nunavut Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Alvarez Gonzalo G , Zwerling Alice A , Duncan Carla , Pease Christopher , Van Dyk Deborah , Behr Marcel A , Lee Robyn S , Mulpuru Sunita , Pakhale Smita , Cameron D William , Aaron Shawn D , Patterson Michael , Allen Jean , Sullivan Kathryn , Jolly Anne , Sharma Meenu K , Jamieson Frances B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
In the last decade, tuberculosis (TB) incidence among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic has been rising. Our aim was to better understand the transmission dynamics of TB in this remote region of Canada using whole-genome sequencing.

Methods
Isolates from patients who had culture-positive pulmonary TB in Iqaluit, Nunavut, between 2009 and 2015 underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The number of transmission events between cases within clusters was calculated using a threshold of a ≤3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between isolates and then combined with detailed epidemiological data using a reproducible novel algorithm. Social network analysis of epidemiological data was used to support the WGS data analysis.

Results
During the study period, 140 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 135 cases were sequenced. Four clusters were identified, all from Euro-American lineage. One cluster represented 62% of all cases that were sequenced over the entire study period. In this cluster, 2 large chains of transmission were associated with 3 superspreading events in a homeless shelter. One of the superspreading events was linked to a nonsanctioned gambling house that resulted in further transmission. Shelter to nonshelter transmission was also confirmed. An algorithm developed for the determination of transmission events demonstrated very good reproducibility (κ score .98, 95% confidence interval, .97–1.0).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that socioeconomic factors, namely residing in a homeless shelter and spending time in a gambling house, combined with the superspreading event effect may have been significant factors explaining the rise in cases in this predominantly Inuit Arctic community.
Advocacy for renal replacement therapy: the role of renal registries
Authors: Couchoud Cecile , Gharbi Mohamed Benghanem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper by Jardine et al. reporting results from the South African Renal Registry describes a 2-fold success. First, even in a limited-resource environment, survival of patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) is favourable. Secondly, this information is available because a few years ago, South African nephrologists started a renal registry. These successes cannot conceal, however, that numerous patients are not offered RRT. Robust health information systems make it possible to define chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) burdens, guide resource allocation, inform service planning and enable policy. Registries can highlight inequitable RRT access and help support advocacy in favour of additional resources for ESKD care.
Deleterious effects of viral pneumonia on cardiovascular system
Authors: Duan Jiahao , Wu Yeshun , Liu Cunming , Yang Chun , Yang Ling 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Viral pneumonia has a significant effect on the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms; even though it is traditionally regarded as a pulmonary disease characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Recent research works have shown that cardiovascular events outweigh all other causes of death in various influenza pandemics. Therefore, the exploration of the effects of viral pneumonia on cardiovascular system becomes increasingly essential. The objective of this review is three-fold: first, to summarize the knowledge about the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of viral infections that are the recent causes of global pandemics; second, to explore the cardiovascular response to these infections; and third, to attempt in identifying the possible coping strategies of the Wuhan epidemic and the future viral infection pandemics.
miR-145a Regulation of Pericyte Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Sepsis
Authors: Wu Yan , Li Pengfei , Goodwin Andrew J , Cook James A , Halushka Perry V , Zingarelli Basilia , Fan Hongkuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic disease with severe microvascular dysfunction. Pericytes preserve vascular homeostasis. To our knowledge, the potential roles of microRNAs in sepsis-induced pericyte dysfunction have not been explored.

Methods
We determined lung pericyte expression of miR-145a in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)–induced sepsis. Mouse lung pericytes were isolated and transfected with a miR-145a mimic, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We measured inflammatory cytokine levels. To assess the functions of miR-145a in vivo, we generated a pericyte-specific miR-145a–knockout mouse and determined sepsis-induced organ injury, lung and renal vascular leakage, and mouse survival rates. We used RNA sequencing and Western blotting to analyze the signaling pathways regulated by miR-145a.

Results
CLP led to decreased miR-145a expression in lung pericytes. The miR-145a mimic inhibited LPS-induced increases in cytokines. In CLP-induced sepsis, pericytes lacking miR-145a exhibited increased lung and kidney vascular leakage and reduced survival rates. We found that miR-145a could suppress LPS-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, we confirmed that the transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) is a target of miR-145a and that Fli-1 activates NF-κB signaling.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that pericyte miR-145a mediates sepsis-associated microvascular dysfunction, potentially by means of Fli-1–mediated modulation of NF-κB signaling.
The bird’s-eye view: A data-driven approach to understanding patient journeys from claims data
Authors: Bobroske Katherine , Larish Christine , Cattrell Anita , Bjarnadóttir Margrét V , Huan Lawrence 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
In preference-sensitive conditions such as back pain, there can be high levels of variability in the trajectory of patient care. We sought to develop a methodology that extracts a realistic and comprehensive understanding of the patient journey using medical and pharmaceutical insurance claims data.

Materials and Methods
We processed a sample of 10 000 patient episodes (comprised of 113 215 back pain–related claims) into strings of characters, where each letter corresponds to a distinct encounter with the healthcare system. We customized the Levenshtein edit distance algorithm to evaluate the level of similarity between each pair of episodes based on both their content (types of events) and ordering (sequence of events). We then used clustering to extract the main variations of the patient journey.

Results
The algorithm resulted in 12 comprehensive and clinically distinct patterns (clusters) of patient journeys that represent the main ways patients are diagnosed and treated for back pain. We further characterized demographic and utilization metrics for each cluster and observed clear differentiation between the clusters in terms of both clinical content and patient characteristics.

Discussion
Despite being a complex and often noisy data source, administrative claims provide a unique longitudinal overview of patient care across multiple service providers and locations. This methodology leverages claims to capture a data-driven understanding of how patients traverse the healthcare system.

Conclusions
When tailored to various conditions and patient settings, this methodology can provide accurate overviews of patient journeys and facilitate a shift toward high-quality practice patterns.
Effects of mood and aging on keystroke dynamics metadata and their diurnal patterns in a large open-science sample: A BiAffect iOS study
Authors: Vesel Claudia , Rashidisabet Homa , Zulueta John , Stange Jonathan P , Duffecy Jennifer , Hussain Faraz , Piscitello Andrea , Bark John , Langenecker Scott A , Young Shannon , Mounts Erin , Omberg Larsson , Nelson Peter C , Moore Raeanne C , Koziol Dave , Bourne Keith , Bennett Casey C , Ajilore Olusola , Demos Alexander P , Leow Alex 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Ubiquitous technologies can be leveraged to construct ecologically relevant metrics that complement traditional psychological assessments. This study aims to determine the feasibility of smartphone-derived real-world keyboard metadata to serve as digital biomarkers of mood.

Materials and Methods
BiAffect, a real-world observation study based on a freely available iPhone app, allowed the unobtrusive collection of typing metadata through a custom virtual keyboard that replaces the default keyboard. User demographics and self-reports for depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-8) were also collected. Using &gt;14 million keypresses from 250 users who reported demographic information and a subset of 147 users who additionally completed at least 1 Patient Health Questionnaire, we employed hierarchical growth curve mixed-effects models to capture the effects of mood, demographics, and time of day on keyboard metadata.

Results
We analyzed 86 541 typing sessions associated with a total of 543 Patient Health Questionnaires. Results showed that more severe depression relates to more variable typing speed (P &lt; .001), shorter session duration (P &lt; .001), and lower accuracy (P &lt; .05). Additionally, typing speed and variability exhibit a diurnal pattern, being fastest and least variable at midday. Older users exhibit slower and more variable typing, as well as more pronounced slowing in the evening. The effects of aging and time of day did not impact the relationship of mood to typing variables and were recapitulated in the 250-user group.

Conclusions
Keystroke dynamics, unobtrusively collected in the real world, are significantly associated with mood despite diurnal patterns and effects of age, and thus could serve as a foundation for constructing digital biomarkers.
Role of Breast Imaging Radiologists as Advocates for Screening Mammography
Authors: Omofoye Toma S , Parikh Jay R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is to outline opportunities for breast imaging radiologists to advocate for screening mammography. Despite breast cancer being the second most common cancer in women and screening mammography’s ability to reduce mortality from this disease, there remains suboptimal utilization in the community. The different guidelines for screening presented by respected organizations has created confusion for patients and referring clinicians and the eventual underutilization of screening mammography. As experts in the value of early detection, breast radiologists are well suited to take on the role of screening advocates. Using specific action steps and examples, we create a template for a radiologist to utilize in the promotion of screening among the breast imaging team, clinicians, administrators, and the community at large. By deliberately filling the role of screening mammography advocate, one can satisfy the mandate for radiologists to bring increased value to the health care team while contributing to community health and patient satisfaction.
Don’t Stress Me Now: Assessing the Regulatory Impact of Face-to-Face and Online Feedback Prosociality on Stress During an Important Life Event
Authors: Rodríguez-Hidalgo C T , Tan E S H , Verlegh P W J , Beyens I , Kühne R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between online and face-to-face (FtF) feedback on stress during an important life event. We present data on a two-month, six-wave longitudinal study of 468 Chilean adolescents across three important stages of a competitive national university selection test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria [PSU]) to assess longitudinal and reciprocal relationships. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) showed that online feedback had a small effect in decreasing stress during the three short-termed waves, before and after the three main events of the test: test taking, test scores, and final selection. No intrapersonal effects were found for FtF feedback on stress, and vice versa. At the interpersonal level, only feedback variables were related. Results suggest that prosocial replies on social media may slightly help to downregulate stress from important life events at the intrapersonal level, an effect which appears to be short-lived (e.g., only a few days), rather than long-lived (e.g., three weeks).
Decoupled drought responses of fine-root versus leaf acquisitive traits among six Prunus hybrids
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Xi , Walker Rob R , Edwards Everard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Predicting drought consequences on forests and fruit crop plantings requires improved understanding of drought responses of both leaf and fine-root resource acquisitive traits (specific leaf area—SLA, specific root surface area—SRA and specific root length—SRL). We hypothesize their responses are coordinated towards integrated plant resource conservation under severe drought.

Methods
We tested the hypothesis with a greenhouse-based drought experiment on saplings of six Prunus hybrids with a priori known contrasting drought sensitivity. Saplings were subjected to either control (100% field capacity) or severe drought stress treatment (33% evapotranspiration of hybrid-specific control plants). Sample collections were carried out at 30 and at 60 days after the start of treatments, for both control and stressed saplings.

Important Findings
No hybrid showed concurrent significant decrease of SLA and SRA (or SRL) under severe drought. The fine-root traits of the six hybrids showed two major drought-response scenarios, in particular: (i) increased root tissue density (RTD) and decreased average root diameter without significant change of SRL and (ii) increased RTD and decreased SRL without significant change of average root diameter. Drought responses of leaf gas exchange, SRA, SRL and RTD were closely correlated along a gradient towards resource conservation from control to drought-stressed plants in all hybrids, which was orthogonal to another gradient characterized by a hybrid-dependent decrease of SLA. These findings highlight (i) the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought responses, (ii) the decoupling between leaf economics and leaf hydraulics and (iii) the covariation of leaf and root hydraulics in terms of trait drought responses. The study contributes to identifying the origin of the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought response at intraspecific scale, and highlights differential drought–response combinations of leaf and fine-root traits among hybrids to survive under severe soil drought stress.
A rare case of ileocolic intussusception due to severe endometriosis
Authors: Benigno Luca , Lisarelli Loriana , Sortino Rosita , Neuweiler Joerg , Steffen Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Intestinal intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction; intestinal intussusception associated with endometriosis is very rare. The varied clinical presentations make the diagnosis demanding. In this article, we report the case of a young female patient with an intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. The successive histologic examination of the resected sample showed advanced endometriosis. This is a very rare entity with only a few similar cases reported in the literature.
Minimally invasive approach to esophageal lipoma
Authors: Bernardi Daniele , Ferrari Davide , Siboni Stefano , Porta Matteo , Bruni Barbara , Bonavina Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Esophageal lipoma is a rare neoplasm with heterogeneous and sometimes life-threatening clinical presentation. We report the case of two patients, a 77-year-old man and a 69-year-old woman presenting with heartburn and dysphagia, and with recurrent vomiting and asphyxia, respectively. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography were highly suggestive of the diagnosis of esophageal lipoma and identified an intramural and an intraluminal pedunculated mass originating, respectively, from the distal and the cervical esophagus. The first patient was treated by laparoscopic transhiatal enucleation and the second by transoral endoscopic resection under general anesthesia. Both had an uneventful postoperative course and were discharged home on postoperative day 2. Minimally invasive excision of esophageal lipoma is feasible and effective. It may be life-saving in patients with pedunculated tumors who suffer from intermittent regurgitation of a bulky polypoid mass in the mouth causing asphyxia.
Emerging crosstalk between two signaling pathways coordinates K+ and Na+ homeostasis in the halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum
Authors: Zhang Haiwen , Feng Hao , Zhang Junwen , Ge Rongchao , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Yunxiao , Li Legong , Wei Jianhua , Li Ruifen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
K+/Na+ homeostasis is the primary core response for plant to tolerate salinity. Halophytes have evolved novel regulatory mechanisms to maintain a suitable K+/Na+ ratio during long-term adaptation. The wild halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum can adopt efficient strategies to achieve synergistic levels of K+ and Na+ under high salt stress. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Our previous study indicated that HbCIPK2 contributed to prevention of Na+ accumulation and K+ reduction. Here, we further identified the HbCIPK2-interacting proteins including upstream Ca2+ sensors, HbCBL1, HbCBL4, and HbCBL10, and downstream phosphorylated targets, the voltage-gated K+ channel HbVGKC1 and SOS1-like transporter HbSOS1L. HbCBL1 combined with HbCIPK2 could activate HbVGKC1 to absorb K+, while the HbCBL4/10–HbCIPK2 complex modulated HbSOS1L to exclude Na+. This discovery suggested that crosstalk between the sodium response and the potassium uptake signaling pathways indeed exists for HbCIPK2 as the signal hub, and paved the way for understanding the novel mechanism of K+/Na+ homeostasis which has evolved in the halophytic grass.
L’évaluation médicale des enfants prépubères qu’on soupçonne d’être victimes d’une agression sexuelle
Authors: Smith Tanya , Chauvin-Kimoff Laurel , Baird Burke , Ornstein Amy 
Published: April 2020

RésuméL’agression sexuelle sur les mineurs est un problème important et relativement courant. Les enfants victimes d’une agression sexuelle peuvent se présenter au cabinet d’un médecin, à un centre de soins d’urgence ou au département d’urgence d’un hôpital en vue d’une évaluation médicale. Cette évaluation peut rassurer à la fois l’enfant et la personne qui l’a à sa charge, établir les soins à apporter et offrir une interprétation précise des constatations au système de justice et aux services de protection de l’enfance. Étant donné le potentiel de conséquences médicolégales, une évaluation approfondie exige à la fois des connaissances à jour et des compétences cliniques. Le présent document de principes propose une approche fondée sur des données probantes et respectueuse des traumatismes lors de l’évaluation médicale des enfants prépubères victimes d’une agression sexuelle présumée ou confirmée.
Demedicalizing the Ethics of PrEP as HIV Prevention: The Social Effects on MSM
Authors: Montess Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to demedicalize the ethics of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as HIV prevention, I consider the social effects on men who have sex with men (MSM). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers MSM to be the highest risk group for contracting HIV in the USA. The ethics of using PrEP as HIV prevention among MSM, however, has both a medical dimension and a social dimension. While the medical dimension of the ethics of PrEP includes concerns about side effects, drug resistance and distribution, the social dimension of the ethics of PrEP includes concerns about stigmatization, sexual and romantic relationships and sexual freedom. The medical concerns of the ethics of PrEP may take precedence over the social concerns, but there is a growing body of literature that already addresses the medical concerns. Much less attention has been given to the social concerns of the ethics of PrEP, and in this article, I aim to fill this gap in the literature. Therefore, I focus on the often-overlooked social dimension of the ethics of PrEP to help understand the connection between the risks, relationships and communities of MSM using PrEP as HIV prevention.