bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I know your intention is good, but I still feel bad”
Authors: Shao Bo , Martin Lee 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Drawing on a contagion-interpretation model of leader affective displays and leader effectiveness, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of leaders’ angry feedback on followers’ cognitive and affective reactions, and ultimately, perceived leader effectiveness across different cultural contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, two experimental studies were conducted with a total of 528 participants.

Findings
The results revealed a culturally divergent cognitive effect: in Western cultures where vertical collectivism is low, leaders’ angry feedback reduced followers’ inferred developmental intention and subsequently, perceived leader effectiveness, whereas in East Asian cultures where vertical collectivism is high, leaders’ angry feedback reduced the two variables to a lesser extent or did not have any effect. In contrast, there was a culturally convergent emotional effect: the impact of leaders’ angry feedback on followers’ negative emotions and subsequently, perceived leader effectiveness was the same, regardless of the level of vertical collectivism.

Originality/value
This research is the first to demonstrate that culture – in particular, the dimension of vertical collectivism – has different impacts on the two mechanisms (i.e. cognitive and affective) through which leader’s angry feedback influences followers’ perceived leader effectiveness.
The Australian Economy in 2019–20: Slower Growth, Record Low Interest Rates and a Changing Housing Landscape
Authors: Tsiaplias Sarantis , Wang Jiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEconomic activity in Australia slowed considerably in 2018–19, with domestic demand growth halving and unemployment rising. Consistent with the slowdown, both consumer and wage inflation have remained weak. A synchronised growth slow‐down was observed across major economies, to some extent underpinned by the on‐going US–China trade war. Central banks have responded to weak growth by cutting rates. The US Federal Reserve cut its target for the federal funds rate three times in 2019, as did Australia. To date, record low Australian interest rates have been associated with additional housing‐related debt and asset price appreciation.
The Evolution of EU Antitrust Policy: 1966–2017
Authors: Ibáñez Colomo Pablo , Kalintiri Andriani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article describes, and puts in context, the evolution of the enforcement practice of the European Commission in the area of EU antitrust law (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU). It considers all formal decisions adopted in the period between 1966 – when the European Court of Justice delivered the two seminal rulings that marked the discipline – and the end of 2017. The article classifies Commission decisions in accordance with four enforcement paradigms. The descriptive statistics show that the cases that the Commission chooses to prioritise have changed over the years. First, enforcement has progressively moved towards the core and the outer boundaries of the system. Second, it has become policy‐driven rather than law‐driven. Third, the nature of the cases chosen by the Commission is consistent with its commitment to a ‘more economics‐based approach’ to enforcement. Finally, these cases signal a move towards a more ambitious stage in the process of the integration of Member States’ economies.
Topical application of ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuriyama Akira , Nakanishi Misuzu , Kamei Jun , Sun Rao , Ninomiya Kohei , Hino Masaaki 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPostoperative sore throat is a leading undesirable postoperative outcome. Ketamine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist and its topical application is used for chronic pain and oral/throat indications. We conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy of preoperative, topical ketamine application for preventing postoperative sore throat.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL through September 23, 2019 for randomized controlled trials in which at least one intervention was topical ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing endotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat at 24 hours postoperatively. The comparators were non‐analgesic controls (placebo, no treatment, or usual care) or active agents. We pooled the data using a random‐effects model.ResultsWe included 41 randomized controlled trials involving 3784 participants. Topical ketamine was associated with reduced incidence of sore throat at 24 hours postoperatively compared to non‐analgesic methods (risk ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.54;P < .001). We found significant publication bias, but the results remained unchanged with a trim‐and‐fill analysis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) suggested that the efficacy of topical ketamine was adequate (TSA‐adjusted 95% CI, 0.33‐0.56). The GRADE quality for this evidence was moderate. Topical ketamine was inferior to a combination of nebulized ketamine and clonidine in preventing postoperative sore throat.ConclusionsPreoperative, topical ketamine application may be more effective than non‐analgesic methods in preventing postoperative sore throat. The number of studies did not suffice to determine the place of topical ketamine among agents to prevent postoperative sore throat.
Nicotine delivery and users’ reactions to Juul compared with cigarettes and other e‐cigarette products
Authors: Hajek Peter , Pittaccio Kate , Pesola Francesca , Myers Smith Katie , Phillips‐Waller Anna , Przulj Dunja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of, and users’ reactions to, Juul (59 mg nicotine/ml) as an indication of its therapeutic and dependence potential.DesignCross‐over, within‐subjects study in which participants attended after overnight abstinence on separate sessions and smoked a cigarette or used Juul or eight other types of e‐cigarettes (EC)ad libitumfor 5 minutes. The Juul product used was the version available in the United States that has more nicotine in the e‐liquid than the one available in the European Union.SettingLaboratory setting in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsTwenty dual users (smokers who also vape) provided data on Juul and cigarettes, with eight also providing data on other EC products.MeasurementsAt each session, number of puffs taken was counted during the 5‐minute product use period and blood samples were taken at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 30 minutes after starting smoking/vaping and analysed for nicotine. Participants also monitored their urges to smoke and rated the products on a range of characteristics.FindingsJuul's PK profile was close to the PK profile of cigarettes [maximum concentration (Cmax) = 20.4 versus 19.2 ng/ml; time to maximum concentration (Tmax) = 4 versus 6 minutes; area under the curve (AUC): 307.9 versus 312.6, respectively]. Compared with other EC products, Juul had shorter Tmax[4 minutes, (IQR = 2.5–4.0) versus 6.3 minutes, (IQR = 4.7 – 8.1),P= 0.012] and higher Cmax(28.9 (SD = 15.6) versus 10.6 (SD = 5.5),P= 0.013) despite a lower number of puffs (12.5 (SD = 4.2) versus 17.0 (SD = 4.2),P= 0.084). Compared with other e‐cigarette products, it also provided faster reduction of urges to smoke and obtained more favourable subjective ratings.ConclusionJuul's PK profile and user ratings suggest that it could be more effective than other EC products in helping smokers to quit smoking, but it may also have a higher potential to generate regular use in non‐smokers.
Corrosion casting of the cardiovascular structure in adult zebrafish for analysis by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microtomography
Authors: De Spiegelaere Ward , Caboor Lisa , Van Impe Matthias , Boone Matthieu N. , De Backer Julie , Segers Patrick , Sips Patrick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZebrafish have come to the forefront as a flexible, relevant animal model to study human disease, including cardiovascular disorders. Zebrafish are optically transparent during early developmental stages, enabling unparalleled imaging modalities to examine cardiovascular structure and function in vivo and ex vivo. At later stages, however, the options for systematic cardiovascular phenotyping are more limited. To visualise the complete vascular tree of adult zebrafish, we have optimised a vascular corrosion casting method. We present several improvements to the technique leading to increased reproducibility and accuracy. We designed a customised support system and used a combination of the commercially available Mercox II methyl methacrylate with the Batson's catalyst for optimal vascular corrosion casting of zebrafish. We also highlight different imaging approaches, with a focus on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT) to obtain highly detailed, faithful three‐dimensional reconstructed images of the zebrafish cardiovascular structure. This procedure can be of great value to a wide range of research lines related to cardiovascular biology in small specimens.
Allergen alters IL‐2/αIL‐2‐based Treg expansion but not tolerance induction in an allergen‐specific mouse model
Authors: Köhler Cordula , Smole Ursula , Kratzer Bernhard , Trapin Doris , Schmetterer Klaus G. , Pickl Winfried F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) play an important role in preventing allergic diseases. We characterized Treg expansion kinetics, marker profiles, and recirculation behavior in allergen‐challenged mice, which had been pretreated with IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes in the presence or absence of allergen. Moreover, the ability of induced Treg to control airway hyperreactivity and effector functions of lung T cells was determined.MethodsHumanized TCR/HLA‐transgenic allergy mice were treated in vivo with recombinant IL‐2 complexed to the anti‐IL‐2 mAb JES6‐1 in the presence or absence of mugwort pollen extract (MPE) on days 0‐2. Afterward, they were intranasally challenged with MPE (days 13‐15) followed by determination of airway hyperreactivity and lung T cell effector functions. Multiparametric flow cytometry on peripheral blood T cells was performed on a daily basis.ResultsIL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes highly efficiently expanded peripheral Treg cells, while concomitant allergen exposure altered the phenotype of expanded Treg cells. Notably, application of allergen together with IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes induced expression of Treg marker molecules CTLA4, NRP1, Helios, and GITR on conventional T cells. Apart from CD25, GARP was identified as the most reliable surface‐expressed lineage discrimination marker of Treg expanded in the presence of IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes and allergen. Finally, IL‐2/αIL‐2 complex‐expanded Treg cells could be recalled upon allergen challenge, which was associated with suppression of lung‐specific Th2 responses long after initial treatment.ConclusionThe characterization of reliable surface and transcription markers of IL‐2/αIL‐2 complex‐expanded Treg along with their expansion kinetics and function will help to identify protocols for their long‐term expansion in vivo.
Accuracy of high‐resolution ultrasonography in establishing the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Aggarwal Purnima , Jirankali Vivek , Garg Sudhir K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of high‐resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsIt included 50 patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of CTS and 50 individuals as control group. Cross‐sectional area of median nerve at the inlet of carpal tunnel was measured in control as well as symptomatic group by ultrasonography. In addition, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were carried out in the symptomatic group. Radiologists performing the ultrasonography were blinded to the results of NCS. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography and NCS in the diagnosis of CTS were calculated and compared.ResultsIn control group, cross‐sectional area of the median nerve ranged between 5 and 7.3 mm2, whereas in the symptomatic group it varied from 8.4 to 16.5 mm2. It was >9 mm2 in 47 patients. With a cut‐off of 9 mm2, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing CTS were 95%, 100% and 97%, respectively. NCS was diagnostic of CTS in 48 (96%) patients.ConclusionUltrasonographic examination gives similar results to NCS in establishing diagnosis of CTS and can be used as a screening modality with further use of NCS in cases where ultrasonography is non‐diagnostic.
A Bayesian multi‐risks survival (MRS) model in the presence of double censorings
Authors: de Castro Mário , Chen Ming‐Hui , Zhang Yuanye , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSemi‐competing risks data include the time to a nonterminating event and the time to a terminating event, while competing risks data include the time to more than one terminating event. Our work is motivated by a prostate cancer study, which has one nonterminating event and two terminating events with both semi‐competing risks and competing risks present as well as two censoring times. In this paper, we propose a new multi‐risks survival (MRS) model for this type of data. In addition, the proposed MRS model can accommodate noninformative right‐censoring times for nonterminating and terminating events. Properties of the proposed MRS model are examined in detail. Theoretical and empirical results show that the estimates of the cumulative incidence function for a nonterminating event may be biased if the information on a terminating event is ignored. A Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm is also developed. Our methodology is further assessed using simulations and also an analysis of the real data from a prostate cancer study. As a result, a prostate‐specific antigen velocity greater than 2.0 ng/mL per year and higher biopsy Gleason scores are positively associated with a shorter time to death due to prostate cancer.
Semiparametric modelling and estimation of covariate‐adjusted dependence between bivariate recurrent events
Authors: Ning Jing , Cai Chunyan , Chen Yong , Huang Xuelin , Wang Mei‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA time‐dependent measure, termed the rate ratio, was proposed to assess the local dependence between two types of recurrent event processes in one‐sample settings. However, the one‐sample work does not consider modeling the dependence by covariates such as subject characteristics and treatments received. The focus of this paper is to understand how and in what magnitude the covariates influence the dependence strength for bivariate recurrent events. We propose the covariate‐adjusted rate ratio, a measure of covariate‐adjusted dependence. We propose a semiparametric regression model for jointly modeling the frequency and dependence of bivariate recurrent events: the first level is a proportional rates model for the marginal rates and the second level is a proportional rate ratio model for the dependence structure. We develop a pseudo‐partial likelihood to estimate the parameters in the proportional rate ratio model. We establish the asymptotic properties of the estimators and evaluate the finite sample performance via simulation studies. We illustrate the proposed models and methods using a soft tissue sarcoma study that examines the effects of initial treatments on the marginal frequencies of local/distant sarcoma recurrence and the dependence structure between the two types of cancer recurrence.
Can sensory integration have a role in multi‐element behavioural intervention? An evaluation of factors associated with the management of challenging behaviour in community adult learning disability services
Authors: Mc Gill Ciara , Breen Cathal J. 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Sensory integration is about how our brain receives and processes information so we can make sense of our everyday life.

Behavioural interventions is a term used to describe how to teach people to increase useful behaviours or decrease behaviours that are challenging.

Some people with severe learning disabilities can have behaviour that challenges and this can be difficult to manage.

To manage behaviours that challenge restrictive interventions have been used such as people being given medication, or being held by others against their will.

Instead of using these restrictive interventions we can use sensory strategies and a low stimulus environment which have been found to be successful in managing behaviours that challenge.

AbstractIntroductionAdults with complex needs and severe learning disability present as a serious management problem within the community. Restrictive interventions are often used to manage adults with these issues, even though best practice recommends the use of positive behaviour support. Positive behaviour support involves functional analysis, but it does not specifically focus on sensory integration difficulties as a contributing factor to challenging behaviour.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was completed using a range of electronic databases, an electronic search, hand search and review of reference lists. Seven relevant studies were identified. These studies were critically appraised and analysed. However, the extent of research was limited and the procedural quality variable, some distinct themes, arose.ResultsOut of the seven intervention studies included in this review, two studies used sensory integration therapy, three employed multi‐element behavioural intervention, one utilised environmental stimulation within a multifactor behavioural intervention approach and one used sensory strategies within a structured behavioural intervention programme. The participants across the final seven papers reviewed consisted mainly of males with a high incidence of participants presenting with ASD. A range of assessment tools and outcome measures were used.ConclusionsThe use of restrictive intervention is still an issue in practice. Nearly all the studies reviewed stressed the issue of placing individuals with severe challenging behaviour in the community. Behavioural studies have successfully utilised sensory integration strategies within a structured behavioural format to manage challenging behaviour in a community setting for adults with a learning disability.
Cutaneous metastasis of SMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma: A diagnostic dilemma with therapeutic implications
Authors: Leckey Bruce D. , Selim M. Angelica , Al‐Rohil Rami N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma (SMARCA4‐DTS) is a recently recognized entity with undifferentiated rhabdoid morphology and mutations in the switch/sucrose nonfermenting BRG1‐associated factors complex. Patients are typically males in their fifth decade with a history of smoking who present with rapidly progressive intrathoracic disease and follow an aggressive clinical course. Metastatic disease is reported in up to 77% of cases; however, to our knowledge, cutaneous metastasis has not been reported nor has it been reported as the initial manifestation of the disease. Recognizing SMARCA4‐DTS from other types of epithelioid tumors that involve the skin is clinically relevant, as targeted therapies for SMARC‐deficient tumors are currently being investigated and early clinical trial data show therapeutic benefit.
Evolutionary repression of chondrogenic genes in the vertebrate osteoblast
Authors: Nguyen Jason K. B. , Eames B. Frank 
Published: January 2020

Gene expression in extant animals might reveal how skeletal cells have evolved over the past 500 million years. The cells that make up cartilage (chondrocytes) and bone (osteoblasts) express many of the same genes, but they also have important molecular differences that allow us to distinguish them as separate cell types. For example, traditional studies of later‐diverged vertebrates, such as mouse and chick, defined the genesCol2a1and sex‐determining region Y‐box 9 as cartilage‐specific. However, recent studies have shown that osteoblasts of earlier‐diverged vertebrates, such as frog, gar, and zebrafish, express these ‘chondrogenic’ markers. In this review, we examine the resulting hypothesis that chondrogenic gene expression became repressed in osteoblasts over evolutionary time. The amphibian is an underexplored skeletal model that is uniquely positioned to address this hypothesis, especially given that it diverged when life transitioned from water to land. Given the relationship between phylogeny and ontogeny, a novel discovery for skeletal cell evolution might bolster our understanding of skeletal cell development.
Human proteinase 3 resistance to inhibition extends to alpha‐2 macroglobulin
Authors: N’Guessan Koffi , Grzywa Renata , Seren Seda , Gabant Guillaume , Juliano Maria A. , Moniatte Marc , van Dorsselaer Alain , Bieth Joseph G. , Kellenberger Christine , Gauthier Francis , Wysocka Magdalena , Lesner Adam , Sienczyk Marcin , Cadene Martine , Korkmaz Brice 
Published: January 2020

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils contain at least four serine endopeptidases, namely neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), cathepsin G (CatG), and NSP4, which contribute to the regulation of infection and of inflammatory processes. In physiological conditions, endogenous inhibitors including α2‐macroglobulin (α2‐M), serpins [α1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1‐PI)], monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI), α1‐antichymotrypsin, and locally produced chelonianins (elafin, SLPI) control excessive proteolytic activity of neutrophilic serine proteinases. In contrast to human NE (hNE), hPR3 is weakly inhibited by α1‐PI and MNEI but not by SLPI. α2‐M is a large spectrum inhibitor that traps a variety of proteinases in response to cleavage(s) in its bait region. We report here that α2‐M was more rapidly processed by hNE than hPR3 or hCatG. This was confirmed by the observation that the association between α2‐M and hPR3 is governed by a kass in the ≤ 105 m−1·s−1 range. Since α2‐M‐trapped proteinases retain peptidase activity, we first predicted the putative cleavage sites within the α2‐M bait region (residues 690–728) using kinetic and molecular modeling approaches. We then identified by mass spectrum analysis the cleavage sites of hPR3 in a synthetic peptide spanning the 39‐residue bait region of α2‐M (39pep‐α2‐M). Since the 39pep‐α2‐M peptide and the corresponding bait area in the whole protein do not contain sequences with a high probability of specific cleavage by hPR3 and were indeed only slowly cleaved by hPR3, it can be concluded that α2‐M is a poor inhibitor of hPR3. The resistance of hPR3 to inhibition by endogenous inhibitors explains at least in part its role in tissue injury during chronic inflammatory diseases and its well‐recognized function of major target autoantigen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.