bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Oil Shale in the Indragiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia, Based on Organic Geochemistry and Petrography
Authors: Heri Hermiyanto Zajuli M , Subroto Eddy A , Susanto Very 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oil shale now becomes important in Indonesia as promising unconventional energy since the conventional oil is decreasing. This study may be classified as a reconnaissance in trying to evaluate oil shale in the Indragiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia that may become source rock of the future unconventional oil. A set of samples comprising thirty-four sediment outcrops have been collected. All samples were screened their richness by analysing their total organic carbon (TOC) and introduced to Rock-Eval pyrolysis apparatus to identify their maturity, type, and also richness. Out of the thirty-four samples, fourteen selected ones were analysed using gas chromatography (GC), sixteen samples for analysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and twenty samples for organic petrography. The sediments could be classified as very good to excellent for their organic richness, in the stage of immature to relatively mature, comprising a mixture between Type I and II kerogens which show oil prone. Petrographic analysis indicates that lamosite contained in the sediments belongs to Rundle type. The Rundle type lamosite that were mainly originated from Pediastrum organisms might indicate that the sediments were deposited in a lacustrine paleoenvironment, i.e. in a specific type of balanced fill basin. It is proven that the studied formation is promising to be source rock for the shale oil that could be exploration target in the near future time.
A Discussion on the transgression model of Upper Paleozoic in Huanghua Depression
Authors: Li Chuanming , Zhao Changyi , Liu Haitao , Yu Yun , Fu Lixin , Li Hongjun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the sedimentary, geochemical and coal petrographic characteristics of the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in Huanghua Depression are systematically analyzed. It is found that the formation process of Taiyuan Formation coal seam is greatly influenced by sea water. The overlapping relationship between limestone and its floor rock is a typical progressive transgressive sedimentary type. Geochemical data show that the limestone roof and floor strata are also formed in high salinity sedimentary environment, similar to the limestone development environment, which also shows that the transgression process in the study area is gradual, not sudden transgression.
Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gas in the Paleogene of northern Bohai Bay Basin, northeast China
Authors: Li Yongxin , Liu Haitao , Liu Shaobo , Zhao Changyi , Hu Guoyi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As one of the most important proliferous basins in the northeast of China, the proven ration for natural gases in the Bohai Bay Basin is low. In order to figure out the genetic types and origins of natural gases in the Paleogene, a study on their geochemical characteristics (such as C1+, C1/C1+, C1/C2+3, δ13C1, δ13C2) and kinetic behaviour of the lacustrine source rock have been carried out. The relationship between carbon isotopes and components of gases shows that oil-associated gas and coal-derived gas with low mature are the most important types in our research area. The gases were mainly generated from the lacustrine source rocks with type II2-III kerogen. The pyrolysis experiment on the kerogen indicates that the Paleogene source rock entered the main gas window at the late Miocene.
Experimental study on methane adsorption behaviour of different rank coals under variable temperature and pressure
Authors: Li Zhentao , Wang Yunpeng , Liu Dameng , Cai Yidong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To comprehensively study the methane adsorption behaviour of coals under variable temperature and pressure, a series of methane adsorption measurements were conducted at different temperatures and pressures for different rank coals from Ordos Basin and Qinshui Basin. The results show that the methane adsorption capacity and temperature exhibit a negative linear correlation under the same pressure series. The combined effects of the temperature and pressure reveal that the high-rank coal has the maximum methane adsorption capacity and the low-rank coal owns the least. During the low pressure region, the increase of adsorption capacity of high-rank coal is the largest, whereas the low-rank coal has the least change with the temperature and pressure increasing. However, in the high pressure region, the decrease of adsorption capacity of high-rank coal is the least, and the low-rank coal owns the largest of that.
Fine evaluation of source rocks in Wuerxun-Beier sags
Authors: Liu Ting 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wuerxun-Beier sags are two important oil-enriched sags in Hailar Basin, and Nantun Formation is the main layer of source rock. In this study, the Nantun Formation is subdivided into 8 sub-layers. Based on a large number of core observations and thousands of core samples, the quality of source rocks is finely evaluated by combining organic geochemical analysis and logging evaluation method (ΔLogR method), and the lower part of the Nantun Formation is identified as the high-quality source rock distribution layer. The evaluation criteria of high-quality source rocks are established. Based on the fine evaluation of source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential of source rocks in Wuerxun-Beier sags are recalculated, and provides a reliable basis for resource prediction. The fine evaluation system of source rocks established in this study has guiding and referential significance for fine evaluation of source rocks in other sags of Hailar Basin.
Distribution law of helium in Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Qin Shengfei , Yuan Miao , Zhou Zheng , Yang Jindong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Weiyuan and Anyue large gas fields discovered on the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift in Sichuan Basin have the oldest marine gas reservoir discovered in China so far, and Weiyuan is also the first gas field to utilize helium resources in China. The Helium in natural gas of Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift belongs to crust-derived helium formed by radioactivity, and its content distribution shows obvious regularity. The content of helium is highly correlated with the age of reservoir in the same gas field, and the helium content is gradually increased from the top to the bottom. However, the content of helium in natural gas presents significantly different in various tectonic units. The content of helium in Anyue gas field developed on Gaoshiti-Moxi structure is very low. The average contents of Sinian and Cambrian are 0.0356% and 0.0078%, respectively. The content of helium in Weiyuan gas field developed on Weiyuan structure is relatively higher, and the average contents of Sinian and Cambrian are 0.28% and 0.18% respectively. The high helium content of natural gas in Weiyuan gas field is related to the large-scale granite body developed on the basement on the one hand and the water-soluble gas accumulation on the other hand. The main gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan gas field and adjacent areas are located in the Sinian system. From the slope area to the high point of the Weiyuan structure, the helium content has increased significantly. With the tectonic movement of the Himalayan period, the Weiyuan area is greatly uplifted, causing structural traps. Natural gas dissolved in the water, including helium gas, is decomposed by decompression, and the released gas is trapped, then released gases accumulated in traps and thus formed Weiyuan gas field with high content of helium.
Two typical accumulation mechanismsof marine natural gas reservoirs in China: Case comparison between Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin
Authors: Su J , Fang Y , He K , Ma S H , Huang L , Wei C Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marine basin contains abundant natural gas resources in China, especiallythe Palaeozoic is becoming a hotspot of natural gas exploration, wherea series of large gas fields have been constantly discovered. It isbroad consensusthathigh-post mature source rocks (SRs)is gas-prone and thermal sulphatereduction (TSR) could accelerate the hydrocarbon cracking, which would be the dominant origin of gas enriched in the Palaeozoic of petroliferous Basin in China. In addition, these cracking gas is rich in H2S and CO2, due to the marine source rocksare rich inargillaceous sedimentary and sulfates. Nevertheless, the accumulations of gas reservoirs were obviously different between two giant marine craton in China. Sichuan basin is abundance of marine cracking gas, which was mainly generated around 257-205Ma. But it is rarely found marine oil reservoirs in Sichuan basin. In contrast, abundance of marine condensates are rich in Tarim Basin. Gas washing and migration fractionation effect would be the major formation mechanism of secondary condensates, which coexist with dry gas and normal oil reservoirs. These various reservoirs orderly distribute around source rocks in the Manjia’er sag of Tarim Basin. The origin of marine gases was mainly mixed from the hydrocarbon cracking derived via TSR and the different stages of thermal evolution of marine SRs, as well as portion of humic gas. Therefore, the carbon isotopic composition of diverse gas reservoirs is quite complex and the phenomenon of isotopic reversal δ13C1>δ13C2is pervasive. Eventually, two typical accumulation mechanismsof marine natural gas reservoirshave been established. It could be inferred the exploration of cracking gas is given priority in SichuanBasin and marine secondary condensatesshould be paid more attention during the petroleum exploration in Tarim Basin.
Experimental analysis on heating of oil inclusion in Gucheng area of East Tarim
Authors: Sun Yonghong , Zhang Xiaochang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the formation and preservation conditions of crude oil cracking gas reservoirs are analyzed by heating experiments of oil inclusions. The study of tectonic development history shows that Gucheng low uplift mainly undergoes three evolutionary stages: early extension, middle uplift and late subsidence. Up to the end of Devonian and early Hercynian, the southeastern Altun compression resulted in warping plate uplift and denudation in Gucheng area, with denudation thickness of about 1000-2800m.The experimental results show that no inclusion rupture occurs during the whole process of heating to 600?.It was observed that the phase state of inclusions changed obviously during heating process, and the fluorescence of inclusions weakened obviously after natural cooling, reflecting the cracking process of crude oil. The results of high resolution laser-raman spectrum measurements of oil inclusions after heating experiments show that methane is the main component of gas inclusions, while carbon dioxide is small. According to the microscopic comparison of oil inclusions before and after heating, it is inferred that the sample has not undergone this high temperature process. Theoretically, it is assumed that oil and gas inclusions will rupture when heated to a certain temperature. It is possible that this experiment did not reach the limit temperature of inclusion rupture.
Trace Elemental Geochemistry and Depositional Environment of Shale Oil Reservoir Rocks within the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Jimusaer Sag
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhou Lu , Mi Julei , Ma Cong , Yang Hongxia , Lei Haiyan , Chen Jun , Ren Jiangling 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By analyzing the geochemical indicators of trace elements and rare earth elements in shale oil cores, this paper clarifies the depositional environment of the Lucaogou Formation, and it provides some guidance for the exploration and deployment of shale oil in the Jimsar Sag. The average value of Th/U in the Lucaogou Formation is 1.89, which of V/(V+Ni) is 0.74, which of V/Cr is 3.05, which of V/Sc is 8.31, and w(Ni) are less than 40×10−6, indicating the terrestrial reduced environment. The Sr/Ba ratio changes frequently, ranging from 0.55 to 25.62, averaging 4.42, reflecting a higher paleo-salinity.87Sr/86Sr ratio ranges from 0.705286 to 0.705784, averaging 0.705486, and it is substantially lower than the average value of the strontium isotope of the crustaceous silicon-aluminum rock. Besides, 143Nd/144Nd ratio ranges from 0.512419 to 0.512722, and sediments have the characteristics of the origin of the mantle, reflecting the intracontinental rift formation environment. The analysis of rare earth elements indicates that the sediments has the characteristics of LREE relative enrichment, Ce weak positive anomaly and Eu negative anomaly, and furtherly excluded the possibility of marine sedimentary environment. Comprehensive analysis shows the sedimentary period of the Lucaogou Formation is a reduced and salty intracontinental rift lacustrine environment.
Macro-micro features of microbial carbonates affected by volcanism in lower Cretaceous Shipu Group in Zhejiang Province, East China
Authors: Wang X F , Tan X C , Zhang S N , Shen A J , Li C , Wang X , Hu G , h e n Z L C , Pan L Y , Zhang J , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on macro-scopic observations of outcrop, microscopic examination of thin sections, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) imaging analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analysis, nine units of microbial carbonates has been recognized in Lower Cretaceous Shipu Group and their thicknesses increase gradually upwards as the volcanism strength decreasing. Unit 7 is the thickest association of microbial carbonates-volcanics. These microbial carbonates consist of stromatolites, spherulites and laminated micorbialites with common recrystallization and local dolomization and analcitization. Thanks to intensive silicification, microorganisms have been preserved in crystal lattice so well that the original microstructure even the chamber of microorganism can be observed clearly through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) imaging analysis. Macro structure of microbialites are massive, domal or laminated and micro structure of them are fanshaped, wavy, crenulate or spherical.
Quantitative study on the proportion of oil sources of Wuerxun-Beier Depression, Hailaer Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Ting , Dong Zhongliang , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are many petroleum-rich areas which are characterized by hydrocarbon charging from multiple source rocks and subsags. It is significant to analyze the contribution ratio of subsags for the oil resource potential of depression and the scope of petroleum migration. In this study, the absolute quantitative technique of biomarker compounds is applied to oil source correlation for Huoduomoer Oilfield, Sudeerte Oilfield, Huhenuoren Oilfield and Surennuoer Oilfield in Wuerxun-Beier Depression. Firstly, we determined crude oil from which subsags. The second is what biomarker compounds are suitable for calculating the mixed proportion. Through the analysis of the research, we selected on behalf of the compounds of the maturity of the Tm and Ts, on behalf of the compounds of organic matter sources of terpane and sterane, and on behalf of the compounds of sedimentary environment of β-carotene and gammacerane to establish theoretical plot. After the calculation, it is precise to know the contribution ratio of subsags for crude oil of the four oilfields. The research method of this paper not only clarifies the proportion of oil Sources of petroleum-rich areas with hydrocarbon charging from multiple source rocks and subsags, but also provides the basis for exploration and deployment.
Characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation source rocks in the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Wu Jinyun , He Xunyun , Ni Xinfeng , Huang Lili , Xiong Ran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the distribution of source rocks of the lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation in the Tarim Basin is analyzed, a series of organic geochemical characteristics are tested, the characteristics of the source rocks are analyzed, and the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks are simulated. The results show that the distribution of the source rocks is obviously controlled by sedimentary facies; the source rocks are sapropelic organic matter with high abundance and have reached the stage of mature-overmature thermal evolution; those in the eastern depression area have reached the peak of oil generation in the middle Caledonian period, the peak of gas generation in the middle Hercynian period and the end of hydrocarbon generation in the late Hercynian period. In the western uplift area, the source rocks entered the peak of oil generation during late Hercynian period, then entered the stage of gas generation in the early Indosinian period, and then stopped hydrocarbon generation due to uplift and denudation.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation Research on Fractured Horizontal Well in Stress-dependent Tight Reservoirs Based on Heat Transfer Theory
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Juhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present an efficient numerical method to handle stress-dependent behavior for fractured wells in tight reservoirs using the large-scale general finite element software ANSYS as the platform. A new similarity criterion is deduced to describe the seepage flow based on the similarity principle. The similarity criterion is a key parameter to transfer unstable heat problems to well performances. Then a comparison between the numerical and history-matched results is made to validate the accuracy of the results, by which effective stress-dependent coefficient calculated by numerical simulation is in agreement with that from experiment. The result shows that it is feasible to apply the ANSYS function of temperature field analysis in the computation of the unstable seepage flow considering permeability change in stress-dependent tight reservoirs. Finally using a certain field data and history-matched reservoir model, the influence of the fractures on horizontal well is investigated, including fracture spacing, fracture length and parameters of fracture with included angle on the basis of the new method. The results from the model considering the stress-dependent factor are significantly different from that without considering the factor. This work provides reservoir engineers with a simple and feasible method for optimizing the fracture parameters of tight oil development.
A Study on Conductive Polymer in PCB Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Binyun , Xiao Liang , Zhang Yaqi , Wang Meng , He Xuefeng , Xia Wang , Zhou Zihong , Qiu Liqin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Making Hole Conductive is one of the key technologies in Printed Circuit Board manufacture. For a long time, electroless copper was the unique technology of hole metallization process. However, it’s long process, high water consumption and the resulting huge amount of waste water. A large number of toxic and harmful chemicals are also discharged into the environment, causing great harm to the health of workers and the environment. In this paper, the environmentally materialization technology-selective organic conductive coating (SOC) technology was studied. The resource consumption, product quality, and environmental and economic benefits of the traditional PTH and new SOC technology applied in the making hole conductive were compared and analyzed in detail through the investigation of long-term operation examples. The necessity, advantages and practicality of SOC technology were revealed.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the In-plane Permeability of 2.5D-woven Carbon Fabric Preforms with Compressive Deformation
Authors: Liu Haoxin , He Pengfei , Li Wenxiao , Jin Shiqi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The radial flow method is applied to obtain the in-plane permeability of a kind of 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics with various compression ratios. Geometrical parameters of weft, filling warp and binder warp yarns are measured by using computed tomography (CT) technology while the cross-sectional shape of fiber bundles and the orientation of yarns under certain compact effects are fully considered. Regarding the fiber bundle region as porous media, an unit cell model of the 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics is set up, and resin flow process is simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics ( CFD ) method. The simulation results of the in-plane permeability are proved to be well consistent with the experimental data. Finally, using this method, the in-plane permeability of 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics with different fiber volume fractions (Vf
) are predicted, and the changing tendency under different compressive deformation are analysed.
Applying Fractal Dimension to the Effects of Root System on Slope Soil Displacement
Authors: Ji Xiaolei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on the box-counting dimension method of fractal theory, a set of computing image fractal dimension software Fractal 1.0 was developed which can be used to determine the root fractal dimension of plants. By combining the theory of fractal with the finite element theory, the effects of root system fractal dimension on the amount of displacement taking place on the surface of slope were studied. By analyzing the relationship between them from different aspects, the results indicate that fractal dimension can be regarded as the parameter of root system, the effects of different root systems on the stability of soil in slope surface were quantitatively characterized through integrating fractal dimension with finite element method.
InGaN/GaN/AlGaN RTD with Inherent Extreme Low Leakage Current & High Current Rising Rate
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , He Xing , Lin Mi , Zhang Zhonghai , Chen Fu , Zhou Zifa , Lü Weifeng , Wang Ying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to explore better diode candidates for gate controlled FET applications at about +0.1 V DC power supply with extreme low subthreshold swing, current-voltage characteristics of several InGaN/GaN/AlGaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) were investigated by device simulation with Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) method on Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) platform. Their electric switching characteristic parameters were extracted from the simulation results and contrasted with the corresponding results reported recently. The comparison results indicate that sample 1—with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 4-3-4 times of each crystal constant itself—is the best potential candidate of them with inherent forward (backward) threshold voltage at 50 mV (-20.3 mV), off current at 2.4×10−52 μA/μm, on-off current ratio at 3e8 and extreme high inherent forward (backward) current rising rate with its reciprocal at 5.90 mV/dec(-2.39 mV/dec). Sample 5 —with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 5-4-5 times of each crystal constant itself — and sample 6 — with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 5-6-5 times of each crystal constant itself — are better optional candidates with relatively lowered on-off current ratio at 6×104 (1.4×107) and higher inherent forward (backward) current rising rate with their reciprocals at 10.46 mV/dec(-4.18 mV/dec) and 7.00 mV/dec (-2.80 mV/dec).
Simulation and Analysis of Conductive Electromagnetic Interference in Near-Field Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Lee Chin-Hsiung , Hu Qinjun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Inductors, common-mode inductors, transformers and other magnetic components are important components of power converters. Their layout and wiring may affect the ability to suppress EMI noise. As a result of miniaturization and higher power density, the composition of power converter becomes more and more compact, which leads to the near-field coupling effect between components. In our study, the mechanism of near-field magnetic coupling between magnetic elements is analyzed, and the accuracy of the parameters of near-field magnetic coupling is further verified by experiments.