bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Production of S8 in Interstellar Ices: The Effects of Cosmic-Ray-driven Radiation Chemistry and Nondiffusive Bulk Reactions
Authors: Shingledecker Christopher N. , Lamberts Thanja , Laas Jacob C. , Vasyunin Anton , Herbst Eric , Kästner Johannes , Caselli Paola 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, we reexamine sulfur chemistry occurring on and in the ice mantles of interstellar dust grains, and report the effects of two new modifications to standard astrochemical models: namely, (a) the incorporation of cosmic-ray-driven radiation chemistry and (b) the assumption of fast, nondiffusive reactions for key radicals in the bulk. Results from our models of dense molecular clouds show that these changes can have a profound influence on the abundances of sulfur-bearing species in ice mantles, including a reduction in the abundance of solid-phase H2S and HS, and a significant increase in the abundances of OCS, SO2, as well as pure allotropes of sulfur, especially S8. These pure-sulfur species—though nearly impossible to observe directly—have long been speculated to be potential sulfur reservoirs and our results represent possibly the most accurate estimates yet of their abundances in the dense interstellar medium. Moreover, the results of these updated models are found to be in good agreement with available observational data. Finally, we examine the implications of our findings with regard to the as-yet-unknown sulfur reservoir thought to exist in dense interstellar environments.
Unveiling Sizes of Compact AGN Hosts with ALMA
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Le Floc’h Emeric , Juneau Stéphanie , da Cunha Elisabete , Salvato Mara , Dekel Avishai , Civano Francesca , Marchesi Stefano , Suh Hyewon , Wang Wei-Hao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) and optical size measurements of active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the COSMOS field, enabled by high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)/1 mm (0.″1–0.″4) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/F814W imaging (∼0.″1). Our sample includes 27 galaxies at z < 2.5, classified as infrared-selected AGN (three sources), X-ray selected AGN (four sources), and non-AGN SFGs (20 sources), for which high-resolution Band 6/7 ALMA images are available at 1 mm from our own observing program as well as archival observations. The sizes and star formation rate surface densities measured from both ALMA/1 mm and HST/F814W images show that obscured AGN host galaxies are more compact than non-AGN SFGs at similar redshift and stellar mass. This result suggests that the obscured accretion phase may be related to galaxies experiencing a compaction of their gaseous component, which could be associated with enhanced central star formation before a subsequent quenching driving the formation of compact passive galaxies. Moreover, most of the detected and stacked rest-frame FIR sizes of AGNs in our sample are similar or more compact than their rest-frame optical sizes, which is consistent with recent results of ALMA-detected sources. This might be explained by the fact that the dusty starbursts take place in the compact regions, and suggests that the star formation mechanisms in the compact regions of AGN hosts are similar to those observed in SFGs observed with ALMA.
When Citizen Science highlights alien invasive species in France: the case of Indochina mantis, Hierodula patellifera (Insecta, Mantodea, Mantidae)
Authors: Moulin Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

Originally from Asia,Hierodula patellifera(Serville, 1839) occurs several Mediterranean countries, such as Italy. These arrivals could come from many factors: new pets or commercial human transport.The presence ofHierodula patellifera(Serville, 1839) is here reported for the first time in France. A well settled and probably widespread population of this species is here discussed as its adaptability to the Mediterranean climate. Some considerations on the potential impacts on the local ecosystems and its future spreading in Europe as an invasive species are given.
De la biographie criminelle à l’autobiographie spirituelle : emprunts, réécriture et autoréécriture chez Defoe
Authors: Peraldo Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2020

Roxana (1724) est le dernier « roman criminel » de Daniel Defoe – ou du moins est-il désigné comme tel aujourd’hui par un pan de la critique. La question du genre littéraire est problématique lorsque l’on s’intéresse aux récits criminels écrits par Defoe dans les années 1720 puisqu’il a écrit à la fois des histoires de criminels ayant vraiment existé comme John Sheppard, Moll King ou les femmes pirates Ann Bonny et Mary Read et des histoires fictionnelles largement inspirées par les nombreux types d’écrits criminels à cette époque. En observant les emprunts à ces multiples genres criminels, la réécriture et l’auto-réécriture, cet article proposera une lecture des biographies et autobiographies de John Sheppard et de Roxana afin de réfléchir à « l’écriture criminelle » de Defoe : une écriture qui témoigne du passage de la biographie criminelle à l’autobiographie criminelle ou spirituelle et qui aboutira au genre du novel.
Captain Kidd
Authors: Faucquez Anne-Claire 
Published: January 2020

L’histoire de William Kidd met parfaitement en lumière le glissement possible entre les activités légales des corsaires et le monde criminel de la piraterie, ainsi que l’instrumentalisation par les gouvernements de ces « hommes de main » utilisés pour servir les desseins impérialistes des nations européennes. En retraçant le parcours de ce marchand devenu corsaire puis pirate, qui déchaîna la haine des autorités anglaises, avant d’être érigé au rang de héros de la culture populaire, cet article a pour objet d’expliquer comment la pratique de la piraterie puis sa criminalisation par la Couronne dans la dernière décennie du XVIIe siècle illustrent l’émergence des tensions entre la mère patrie et ses colonies, faisant de Kidd un martyr précoce de la cause des rebelles coloniaux.
Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Karpus William J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell–mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
The Molecular Medicine Investigation Unit: Linking Patient Care and Scientific Inquiry in Physician-Scientist Training
Authors: Berger Amy , Matloubian Mehrdad , Shah Neil P. , Wachter Robert M. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Anderson Mark 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Medical innovation depends on translation, the process of applying clinical insights to solve biological problems, and vice versa, yet existing training programs provide few opportunities for physician-scientists to integrate their clinical and research training.

Objective
We developed and determined the feasibility and acceptability of a rotation on the Molecular Medicine Investigation Unit (MMIU), a novel program that engages trainees in the deliberate linkage of patient care and scientific inquiry to cultivate their interest and skills in translation.

Methods
Between July 2017 and January 2019, fourth-year medical students and internal medicine residents were offered a 4-week elective rotation on the MMIU. Supervised by 2 part-time faculty, trainees evaluated patients with unusual and perplexing presentations with the goal of generating hypotheses and a research plan to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of disease. We tracked the development of research hypotheses and resulting projects and surveyed participants about their satisfaction with the program.

Results
Over 18 months, 21 trainees (11 medical students and 10 residents) participated in the program and evaluated a total of 70 patients. Trainees generated a mechanistic hypothesis in 45 (64%) cases, and this resulted in a patient-centered research project in 38 (54%) cases. Trainees unanimously agreed that the program gave them an opportunity to integrate their clinical and research training, and many expressed that it reinforced their interests in translational research.

Conclusions
With modest funding support, it was feasible to deliver authentic experiences of translational inquiry for medical students and internal medical residents, and these experiences were valued by trainees.
Fashioning Indie
Authors: Lifter Rachel 
Published: January 2020

In 2005, British supermodel Kate Moss went to Glastonbury with her then-boyfriend, indie rocker Pete Doherty. Their unwashed appearance captured widespread attention, propelling the British indie music scene and its signature look—slender bodies clad in skinny jeans—to the center of popular fashion.
Using this fashionable watershed as a launching point, Fashioning Indie narrates indie’s evolution: from a 1980s British music subculture into a 21st-century international fashion phenomenon. It explores the lucrative transformation of indie style, first into high concept menswear and later into “festival fashion”—a womenswear phenomenon that remade what indie looked like and provided a launching point to reimagine who the ideal subject of indie could be.
Fashioning Indie is essential reading for academic and popular audiences, offering an original account of what happens when a subculture is incorporated into the commercial fashion system. As the music and fashions of festivals face increasing scrutiny in debates about diversity and inclusion, and the transformations of indie style coincide with the global expansion of the second-hand retail sector, the book offers also essential insights into the broader culture of popular fashion in the 21st century and the values that inform it.
Magmatic sulfides in high-potassium calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and alkaline rocks
Authors: Georgatou Ariadni A. , Chiaradia Massimo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We investigate the occurrence and chemistry of magmatic
sulfides and their chalcophile metal cargo behaviour during the evolution of
compositionally different magmas from diverse geodynamic settings both in
mineralised and barren systems. The investigated areas are the following: (a) the Miocene
Konya magmatic province (hosting the Doğanbey Cu–Mo porphyry and Inlice
Au epithermal deposits, representing post-subduction) and (b) the Miocene Usak basin
(Elmadag, Itecektepe, and Beydagi volcanoes, the latter associated with the
Kişladağ Au porphyry in western Turkey, representing post-subduction). For comparison we
also investigate (c) the barren intraplate Plio-Quaternary Kula volcanic
field west of Usak. Finally, we discuss and compare all the above areas
with the already studied (d) Quaternary Ecuadorian volcanic arc (host to the
Miocene Llurimagua Cu–Mo and Cascabel Cu–Au porphyry deposits, representing subduction).
The volcanism of the newly studied areas ranges from basalts to
andesites–dacites and from high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series.
Multiphase magmatic sulfides occur in different amounts in rocks of all
investigated areas, and, based on textural and compositional differences,
they can be classified into different types according to their
crystallisation at different stages of magma evolution (early versus late
saturation). Our results suggest that independently of the magma
composition, geodynamic setting, and association with an ore deposit, sulfide
saturation occurred in all investigated magmatic systems. Those systems
present similar initial metal contents of the magmas. However, not all
studied areas present all sulfide types, and the sulfide composition depends
on the nature of the host mineral. A decrease in the sulfide Ni∕Cu (a proxy
for the monosulfide solid solution (mss) to intermediate solid solution (iss) ratio) is
noted with magmatic evolution. At an early stage, Ni-richer, Cu-poorer
sulfides are hosted by early crystallising minerals, e.g. olivine–pyroxene,
whereas, at a later stage, Cu-rich sulfides are hosted by magnetite. The
most common sulfide type in the early saturation stage is composed of a
Cu-poor, Ni-rich (pyrrhotite mss) phase and one to two Cu-rich (cubanite,
chalcopyrite iss) phases, making up ∼84 and ∼16 area % of the sulfide, respectively. Sulfides resulting from the late
stage, consisting of Cu-rich phases (chalcopyrite, bornite, digenite iss),
are hosted exclusively by magnetite and are found only in evolved rocks
(andesites and dacites) of magmatic provinces associated with porphyry Cu
(Konya and Ecuador) and porphyry Au (Beydagi) deposits.
Discourse particles in early English: Clause structure, pragmatics and discourse management
Authors: van Kemenade Ans , Links Meta 
Published: January 2020

This article presents a case study on the shifting interaction between clause structure, information structure and discourse organisation in the history of English, as evidenced by the development from Old to Middle English of what we will call discourse particles: discourse-cohesive devices grammaticalised from adverbs. These include the Old English elements þa, þonne, nu, when used in a clause-internal position.We will show that these discourse particles have the following properties: 1) pragmatically: they express the response of the speaker to the context/common ground shared by speaker and hearer, and thus play a pivotal role in common ground management; 2) relation to clause type: the pragmatic meanings of discourse particles are co-determined by the illocutionary force of the clause types in which they occur, including main clause questions, imperatives, hwæt exclamatives, and correlative subclauses; 3) syntactically and information structurally: discourse particles occur in a fixed position in the clause that separates discourse-given from discourse-new information. Discourse particles thus form a subtle lynchpin between pragmatics, discourse management and clause structure.Some particles were lost in the transition to Middle English, but then and now continued to be attested in questions and imperatives, in the same clause-internal position as in OE. Towards the end of the ME period, we see a positional shift to clause-final position, though maintaining the discourse linking character of the particle. This change is due to a syntactic change tightening the use of strict SVO word order and narrowing the use of clause-medial material.
Economic Inequality, Capitalism and Law
Authors: Korotana Shabir 
Published: January 2020

Economic Inequality, Capitalism and Law: Imperfect Realization of Juridical Equality, the Right to Property and Freedom of Contract
There is a general unease among the public across all jurisdictions about the progressive economic inequality that seems to define the new normal, and this phenomenon has been succinctly documented in numerous prominent studies. This trend of capitalism has been supported by the existing structures of the common law, albeit contrary to the aim and purpose of its original principles. The studies show that the modern capitalist societies display a persistent trend of increasing inequality, and this is summed up by the observation that modern capitalism generates progressive and intense economic inequality.Capitalism as a socio-economic system is structured and sustained by the law and by socio-economic systems of institutions. Capitalism is not only a social ordering; essentially, it is a legal ordering. At the heart of this legal ordering are private laws, and tort law, but the most important is contract law: freedom of contract. It is common law, similar to the private law in other jurisdictions, that is responsible for the extreme inequality because it allows the institutions of capitalism to function freely and without much control. The open-ended capitalism that allows accumulation of wealth without ceiling causes progressive inequality in society and consequently works against the very freedom and individualism that are supposed to be the ideals of common law and capitalism. Because of the existing institutions of capitalism and the legal construct, freedom, fairness and the intended progress of the individual were not properly realized; the understanding of the ideas and principles of freedom, individualism, juridical equality, the right to property and freedom of contract have been imperfectly realized. With rising inequality, it is this imperfect realization, particularly of juridical equality that is in question.
Parliamentary Control over Delegated Legislation in Japan
Authors: Musashi Katsuhiro 
Published: January 2020

Parliamentary Control over Delegated Legislation in Japan
The delegation of legislation from the parliament to the administration plays an important role in a modern administrative state. In Britain, parliamentary control – whereby the parliament has the right to approve or veto a delegated legislation – has been institutionalized and implemented. On the other hand, the Japanese parliament is powerless to approve a delegated order beforehand or ex post. Therefore, improper procedures such as the deviation of the delegated order from the enabling act by a governmental agency, or the introduction of arbitrary administrative measures, have been carried out under insufficient supervision by the parliament in Japan. The National Diet of Japan should, ideally, also hold the power to control the administrative order on the basis of the legal principles formulated by the Diet. Therefore, we propose the introduction of a parliamentary control system that invalidates the ex post enactment of a cabinet order if both Houses of parliament refuse the order within 40 days of its submission. These procedures would have increased efficacy when augmented with a political check function on the proposed cabinet orders by the parliament’s Committee on Oversight of Administration, or their standing committees.
Vergeet de effectbeoordeling niet: het beginsel van energiesolidariteit en leveringszekerheid
Authors: Reins L.S. 
Published: January 2020

Vergeet de effectbeoordeling niet: het beginsel van energiesolidariteit en leveringszekerheid
Op 10 september 2019 heeft het Gerecht van de Europese Unie arrest gewezen in zaak T-883/16, Polen/Commissie. Dit artikel bespreekt de belangrijkste elementen van het arrest, met name in het kader van het energiesolidariteitsbeginsel en de daaruit, aldus het Gerecht, voortvloeiende verplichting om een effectbeoordeling met betrekking tot de energieleveringszekerheid van andere lidstaten uit te voeren in het geval van vrijstellingsbesluiten op grond van de Derde Gasrichtlijn. Hierbij wordt onder meer besproken of het Gerecht met zijn interpretatie van dit beginsel de uitvoerende macht, dat wil zeggen de nationale regelgevende instantie en de Commissie, tot meer concrete actie heeft willen doen bewegen.Gerecht 10 september 2019, zaak T-883/16, Polen/Commissie, ECLI:EU:T:2019:567
Formação Docente na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Computação: um recorte das regiões Norte e Nordeste
Authors: Morais Pauleany S. , Rosa Jean C. S. , Marinho Anna Raquel S. , Matos Ecivaldo 
Published: January 2020

There are several scientific studies about the Brazilian teacher training for higher education. In this sense, this paper presents results of an investigation about the initiatives of teacher training in Computer Science graduate programs of federal higher education institutions of North and Northeast of Brazil. For this, one documentary analysis on pedagogical documents of that programs was carried out. It was identified that a few graduate courses (master's and doctoral) have some targeted actions for teacher training, with disciplines on didactics in higher education or activities of supervised teaching internship. The most programs do not have any initiative aimed at teacher training of their students.
O desenvolvimento da identidade docente por professores de Computação não licenciados atuantes na Educação Profissional de Nível Médio
Authors: Da Silva Ranansamir Sousa , Matos Ecivaldo de Souza , Massa Monica de Sousa 
Published: January 2020

A identidade docente é um processo de construção, cujas dimensões social e profissional estão inter-relacionadas, sendo fortemente afetado pelo contexto escolar. Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma investigação qualitativa sobre o processo de desenvolvimento da identidade docente por profissionais de Computação sem formação pedagógica em nível de Licenciatura, atuantes como professores da Educação Profissional de Nível Médio em uma escola pública do estado da Bahia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e observação-participante das aulas ministradas ao longo de um ano letivo, cuja análise de conteúdo revelou alguns aspectos que dificultam o estabelecimento da identidade profissional docente por esses sujeitos e que podem influenciar o sucesso da sua ação didática.
Turismo e identidad en San Miguel de Allende, México
Authors: Soto de Anda Luis Angel , Cruz Jiménez Graciela , Vargas Martínez Elva Esther 
Published: January 2020

El artículo aborda a la identidad como categoría de análisis desde una perspectiva turística en San Miguel de Allende (SMA). La investigación tuvo como soporte una metodología cualitativa sustentada en el método histórico y etnográfico. Entre los principales hallazgos figura que el turismo ha posicionado las manifestaciones culturales de los sanmiguelenses en las preferencias del público nacional e internacional, afianzando una serie de referentes identitarios que vinculan a la población local con su espacio físico y social, además de promover un turismo amigable y receptivo con visitantes de diferentes partes del mundo. Se concluye que los sectores público, social y privado, deben emprender un trabajo colaborativo para rescatar y afianzar la identidad.
The article research the identity as an analysis category from a tourist perspective in San Miguel de Allende (SMA). The investigation had as support a qualitative methodology based on the historic and ethnographic method. Among the principal findings, tourism has been preferred in national and international public's as a cultural manifestation of the native population of San Miguel de Allende, supporting a series of identity references that link local population with their physical and social environment, besides that promotes a friendly and receptive tourism with visitors of different parts of the world. It is concluded that the public, social and private sectors must start a collaborative effort to rescue and support the identity.
Concepto y concepciones del castigo y su incidencia en la asignación de responsabilidad penal
Authors: Torres Ortega Ilsse Carolina 
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis conceptual y justificatorio sobre el castigo jurídico como elemento crucial de la asignación de responsabilidad penal. Para ello, se propone que, si bien el concepto es descriptivo y neutral desde cierta perspectiva, cuando se trata de dar cuenta de cómo es usado dentro de la práctica jurídico-punitiva, el concepto es de carácter normativo. Se plantea que ese carácter normativo se articula en distintos contenidos que conforman diversas concepciones, las cuales constituyen los marcos valorativos para realizar el juicio de justificación sobre el castigo.