bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stent postdilatation during primary PCI for STEMI: Insights from coronary physiology and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Karamasis Grigoris V. , Kalogeropoulos Andreas S. , Gamma Reto A. , Clesham Gerald J. , Marco Valeria , Tang Kare H. , Jagathesan Rohan , Sayer Jeremy W. , Robinson Nicholas M. , Kabir Alamgir , Aggarwal Rajesh K. , Kelly Paul A. , Prati Francesco , Keeble Thomas R. , Davies John R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of stent optimization by NC‐balloon postdilatation (PD) during primary‐PCI for STEMI with the use of coronary physiology and intracoronary imaging.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02788396). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and physiological measurements were performed immediately before and after PD with the operators blinded to all measurements. The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), coronary flow reserve (CFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were measured. OCT analysis was performed for assessment of stent expansion, malapposition, in‐stent plaque‐thrombus prolapse (PTP) and stent‐edge dissections (SED). The change in IMR before and after PD as a measure of microvascular injury was the primary objective of the study.ResultsThirty‐two STEMI patients undergoing primary‐PCI had physiological measurements before and after PD. All patients received second‐generation DES (diameter 3.1 ± 0.5 mm, length 29.9 ± 10.7 mm) and postdilatation with NC‐balloons (diameter 3.6 ± 0.6 mm, inflation pressure 19.3 ± 2.0 atm). IMR (44.9 ± 25.6 vs. 48.8 ± 34.2, p = 0.26) and CFR (1.60 ± 0.89 vs. 1.58 ± 0.71, p = 0.87) did not change, while FFR increased after PD (0.91 ± 0.08 vs. 0.93 ± 0.06, p = 0.037). At an individual patient level, IMR increased in half of the cases. PD improved significantly absolute and relative stent expansion, reduced malapposition, and increased PTP. There was no difference in clinically relevant SED.ConclusionIn this exploratory, hypothesis‐generating study, postdilatation during primary‐PCI for STEMI improved stent expansion, apposition and post‐PCI FFR, without a significant effect on coronary microcirculation overall. Nevertheless, IMR increased in a group of patients and larger studies are warranted to explore predictors of microcirculatory response to postdilatation.
Possible modulation of the amplitude and frequency of resting parkinsonian tremor by touching the trapezius muscle
Authors: Hasegawa Takafumi , Ishiyama Shun , Nakamura Takaaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pathophysiological mechanism of resting tremor in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. Spinal/peripheral mechanisms may modulate oscillatory activity from central origin, thereby changing amplitude and frequency of tremor in Parkinson's disease.
Two Simple and Highly Efficient Variants of the Griffith‐Ley Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Weingart Pascal , Hütchen Patrick , Damone Angelo , Kohns Maximilian , Hasse Hans , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Griffith‐Ley oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is performed with either RuCl3 ⋅ (H2O)xor a highly stable, well‐defined ruthenium catalyst and with cheap trimethylamineN‐oxide (TMAO) as the oxygen source. The use ofn‐heptane as the solvent, which forms a second phase with TMAO and a part of the alcohol, allows the reactions to be performed with a minimum amount of catalyst. This results in high local concentrations and thus to very rapid conversions. Detailed quantum chemical calculations suggest, that the Griffith‐Ley oxidation not necessarily requires high oxidation states of ruthenium but can also proceed with RuII/RuIVspecies.
β‐Cyclodextrin‐modified covalent organic framework as chiral stationary phase for the separation of amino acids and β‐blockers by capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Li Yingjie , Lin Xiaotong , Qin Shili , Gao Lidi , Tang Yimin , Liu Shuren , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel stationary phase have attracted much attention in the field of chromatography owing to their permanent nanoscale porosity, higher surface area, and exceptional stabilities. Here, a novel isocyanate‐β‐cyclodextrin‐modified COF (MDI‐β‐CD‐modified COF) was synthesized using isocyanate‐β‐cyclodextrin as the chiral selector and imine‐based TpPa‐1 COF as the matrix by a bottom‐up strategy. The reaction condition and the structure of MDI‐β‐CD‐modified COF were optimized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller [BET]), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). And then the coated open‐tubular column (OT column) was prepared using MDI‐β‐CD‐modified COF as chiral stationary phase (CSP) by in situ growth approach, which exhibited excellent stability and repeatability. For seven consecutive runs, the intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in range from 0.35% to 2.21% for the migration time of histidine. The column‐to‐column reproducibility ranged from 2.39% to 3.08%. Meanwhile, the separation of eight compounds including four amino acids and four β‐blockers by capillary electrochromatography sufficiently verified the favorable chiral resolution properties of the MDI‐β‐CD‐modified COF‐coated OT column. This strategy of fabricating MDI‐β‐CD‐modified COF‐coated OT column expanded the application of imine‐based COFs in chromatographic analytical fields.
Silver‐Mediated N‐Trifluoromethylation of Amides and Peptides
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , He Jiayan , Zhu Lin , Xiao Haiwen , Fang Yewen , Li Chaozhong 
Published: April 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionWe report herein the direct N‐trifluoromethylation of N‐H amides. Promoted by AgOTf and 2‐fluoropyridine, the reaction of a variety of amides with Selectfluor, TMSCF3 and CsF proceeds smoothly at room temperature leading to the corresponding N‐trifluoromethylated products in satisfactory yields. The protocol is also applicable to amino acid derivatives, resulting in efficient and chemoselective N‐trifluoromethylation of di‐ and tri‐peptides with retention of configuration. A mechanism involving reductive elimination of Ag(III) intermediates to form N—CF3 bonds is proposed.
Synthesis of Novel Pyridine‐Carboxylates as Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Human Aspartate/Asparagine‐β‐Hydroxylase
Authors: Brewitz Lennart , Tumber Anthony , Thalhammer Armin , Salah Eidarus , Christensen Kirsten E. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe human 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG)‐dependent oxygenase aspartate/asparagine‐β‐hydroxylase (AspH) is a potential medicinal chemistry target for anticancer therapy. AspH is present on the cell surface of invasive cancer cells and accepts epidermal growth factor‐like domain (EGFD) substrates with a noncanonical (i. e., Cys 1–2, 3–4, 5–6) disulfide pattern. We report a concise synthesis of C‐3‐substituted derivatives of pyridine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid (2,4‐PDCA) as 2OG competitors for use in SAR studies on AspH inhibition. AspH inhibition was assayed by using a mass spectrometry‐based assay with a stable thioether analogue of a natural EGFD AspH substrate. Certain C‐3‐substituted 2,4‐PDCA derivatives were potent AspH inhibitors, manifesting selectivity over some, but not all, other tested human 2OG oxygenases. The results raise questions about the use of pyridine‐carboxylate‐related 2OG analogues as selective functional probes for specific 2OG oxygenases, and should aid in the development of AspH inhibitors suitable for in vivo use.
Development of Novel Benzodiazepine‐Based Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Rhodesain from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Authors: Di Chio Carla , Previti Santo , Amendola Giorgio , Cosconati Sandro , Schirmeister Tanja , Zappalà Maria , Ettari Roberta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStarting from the reversible rhodesain inhibitors 1 a–c, which have Ki values towards the target protease in the low‐micromolar range, we have designed a series of peptidomimetics, 2 a–g, that contain a benzodiazepine scaffold as a β‐turn mimetic; they are characterized by a specific peptide sequence for the inhibition of rhodesain. Considering that irreversible inhibition is strongly desirable in the case of a parasitic target, a vinyl ester moiety acting as Michael‐acceptor was introduced as the warhead; this portion was functionalized in order to evaluate the size of corresponding enzyme pocket that could accommodate this substituent. With this investigation, we identified an irreversible rhodesain inhibitor (i. e., 2 g) with a k2nd value of 90 000 M−1 min−1 that showed antitrypanosomal activity in the low‐micromolar range (EC50=1.25 μM), this may be considered a promising lead compound in the drug‐discovery process for treating human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).
Fabrication and Functioning of Magnetically Gated PET Nanochannels
Authors: Li Yaning , Du Guanghua , Zhao Jing , Guo Jinlong , Wu Ruqun , Liu Wenjing , Mao Guangbo , Shen Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanochannel gating exists extensively in biological systems and has wide applications in nanofluidic studies. Magnetic control is non‐contact and penetrative compared to chemical or electrical gating. This work introduces the fabrication of magnetically gated single nanochannels by grafting superparamagnetic nanoparticles, via bridging of DNA single strands, onto the inner surface of the PET nanochannels which were prepared by single ion hit and ion track etching. The nanochannel showed sub‐second magnetic response with an ON/OFF ratio of 18 measured by ionic conductance under control with a permanent magnet. These magnetically gated single PET nanochannel are speficically advantageous for superficial drug‐delivery and non‐contact control in nanofluidic applications.
Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin into Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Xiang Zhiyu , Han Wanying , Deng Jin , Zhu Wanbin , Zhang Ying , Wang Hongliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLignin, an underutilized component of lignocellulosic biomass, is regarded as a rich reservoir for the production of aromatic chemicals and fuels. Despite extensive research in recent years, lignin's potential is far from being fully unlocked. Photocatalysis that uses sustainable solar energy to drive lignin conversion under mild conditions has been identified as a promising strategy and received growing research interest. This review aims to present a critical introduction to the photocatalytic conversion of lignin, including a summary of lignin conversion pathways and mechanisms, as well as the latest cutting‐edge innovations on photocatalyst design and reactor construction. Moreover, the screening of solvents and regulation of other key factors that are involved in photocatalytic lignin conversion are also elucidated and future perspectives and challenges for photocatalytic conversion of lignin into valuable products are discussed.
Manipulations of sensory experiences during development reveal mechanisms underlying vocal learning biases in zebra finches
Authors: James Logan S. , Davies Ronald , Mori Chihiro , Wada Kazuhiro , Sakata Jon T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiological predispositions in learning can bias and constrain the cultural evolution of social and communicative behaviors (e.g., speech and birdsong), and lead to the emergence of behavioral and cultural “universals.” For example, surveys of laboratory and wild populations of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) document consistent patterning of vocal elements (“syllables”) with respect to their acoustic properties (e.g., duration, mean frequency). Furthermore, such universal patterns are also produced by birds that are experimentally tutored with songs containing randomly sequenced syllables (“tutored birds”). Despite extensive demonstrations of learning biases, much remains to be uncovered about the nature of biological predispositions that bias song learning and production in songbirds. Here, we examined the degree to which “innate” auditory templates and/or biases in vocal motor production contribute to vocal learning biases and production in zebra finches. Such contributions can be revealed by examining acoustic patterns in the songs of birds raised without sensory exposure to song (“untutored birds”) or of birds that are unable to hear from early in development (“early‐deafened birds”). We observed that untutored zebra finches and early‐deafened zebra finches produce songs with positional variation in some acoustic features (e.g., mean frequency) that resemble universal patterns observed in tutored birds. Similar to tutored birds, early‐deafened birds also produced song motifs with alternation in acoustic features across adjacent syllables. That universal acoustic patterns are observed in the songs of both untutored and early‐deafened birds highlights the contribution motor production biases to the emergence of universals in culturally transmitted behaviors.
Shifts in food plant abundance for flower‐visiting insects between 1900 and 2017 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Nobis Michael , Nyffeler Reto , Kessler Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdult flower‐visiting insects feed on nectar and pollen and partly collect floral resources to feed their larvae. The reduction in food availability has therefore been proposed as one of the main causes for the drastic decline in flower‐visiting insects in Central Europe. We compared the current (2012–2017) abundances of food plants of different groups of flower‐visiting insects to that of 1900–1930 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Comparisons were done separately for different vegetation types, flowering months, and groups of diurnal flower‐visiting insects, such as bees, bumble bees, wasps, butterflies, hoverflies, flies, and beetles. We found a general decrease in food plant abundance for all groups of flower‐visiting insects and in all vegetation types except ruderal areas. Reductions of food plant abundance were most pronounced for wetlands and agricultural fields, reflecting the massive transformation of wetlands into other habitat types and the intensified management of agricultural fields. Food plant abundance for specialized flower visitors (bees, bumble bees, butterflies) of wetlands decreased most strongly in May and for generalized flower visitors (wasps, hoverflies, flies, beetles) in July. Specialized plant species, i.e., species with few groups of flower visitors, decreased more strongly in abundance than species with many groups of flower visitors. Finally, we found a homogenization of food plant assemblages in all vegetation types except ruderal areas, where the opposite pattern emerged. Our results suggest a significant reduction in the diversity and abundance of food plants for flower‐visiting insects over the past century, which has been most severe for the more specialized insect groups. The trend of insect decline, in particular those specialized on few plant species, can only be stopped by extending suitable habitats, i.e., by increasing food availability and reestablish selected plant populations.
Dietary carotenoid supplementation facilitates egg laying in a wild passerine
Authors: García‐Campa Jorge , Müller Wendt , González‐Braojos Sonia , García‐Juárez Emilio , Morales Judith 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring egg laying, females face a trade‐off between self‐maintenance and investment into current reproduction, since providing eggs with resources is energetically demanding, in particular if females lay one egg per day. However, the costs of egg laying not only relate to energetic requirements, but also depend on the availability of specific resources that are vital for egg production and embryonic development. One of these compounds are carotenoids, pigments with immuno‐stimulatory properties, which are crucial during embryonic development. In this study, we explore how carotenoid availability alleviates this trade‐off and facilitates egg laying in a small bird species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Blue tits have among the largest clutch size of all European passerines and they usually lay one egg per day, although laying interruptions are frequent. We performed a lutein supplementation experiment and measured potential consequences for egg laying capacity and egg quality. We found that lutein‐supplemented females had less laying interruptions and thus completed their clutch faster than control females. No effects of treatment were found on the onset of egg laying or clutch size. Experimentally enhanced carotenoid availability did not elevate yolk carotenoid levels or egg mass, but negatively affected eggshell thickness. Our results provide hence evidence on the limiting role of carotenoids during egg laying. However, the benefits of laying faster following lutein supplementation were counterbalanced by a lower accumulation of calcium in the eggshell. Thus, even though single components may constrain egg laying, it is the combined availability of a range of different resources which ultimately determines egg quality and thus embryonic development.
Uncommon southwest swells trigger sea urchin disease outbreaks in Eastern Atlantic archipelagos
Authors: Hernández José Carlos , Sangil Carlos , Lorenzo‐Morales Jacob 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecurrent sea urchin mass mortality has recently affected eastern Atlantic populations of the barren‐forming sea urchin Diadema africanum. This new episode of die‐off affords the opportunity to determine common meteorological and oceanographic conditions that may promote disease outbreaks. The population dynamics of this sea urchin species are well known—urchin barrens have persisted for many decades along most of the coastlines off the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvages, and the Canary Islands, where they limit macroalgae biomass growth. However, this new and explosive mortality event decimated the sea urchin population by 93% on Tenerife and La Palma Islands. Two severe episodes of southwestern rough sea that led to winter storms, in February 2010 (Xynthia) and February 2018 (Emma), preceded both mass mortality events. The autumn and winter months of those years were anomalous and characterized by swells with an average wave height above 2 m that hit the south and southwest sides of the islands. The amoeba Paramoeba brachiphila was the only pathogen isolated this time from the moribund and dead sea urchins, suggesting that the amoeba was the primary cause of the mortality. This new sea urchin die‐off event supports the “killer‐storm” hypothesis that has been already described for western Atlantic coasts. These anomalous southwest storms during winters generate pronounced underwater sediment movement and large‐scale vertical mixing, detected in local tide gauge, which may promote paramoebiasis. This study presents valuable insights about climate‐mediated changes in disease frequency and its impacts on the future of coastal marine ecosystems in the Atlantic.
Developing and population analysis of a new multiplex panel of 18 microhaplotypes and compound markers using next generation sequencing and its application in the Shaanxi Han population
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Ye , Cui Wei , Chen Chong , Guo Yu‐Xin , Zhang Xing‐Ru , Xing Guo‐Hui , Lan Jiang‐Wei , Zhu Bo‐Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompound marker consists of two different types of genetic markers, like deletion/insertion polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphism in the genomic region of 200 bp, and microhaplotype consists of a series of closely linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in a small DNA segment (<300 bp), which show great potential for human identifications and mixture analyses. In this study, we initially selected 23 novel genetic markers comprising 10 microhaplotypes and 13 compound markers according to previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism or deletion/insertion polymorphism loci. Genetic distributions of these 23 loci in different continental populations showed that they could be used as valuable loci for forensic human identification purpose. Besides, high informativeness values (>0.1) were observed in six loci which could be further employed for forensic ancestry analyses. Finally, 18 loci were successfully developed into a multiplex panel and detected by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Further analyses of these 18 loci in the studied Shaanxi Han population showed that 15 loci exhibited relatively high expected heterozygosities (>0.5). Cumulative power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 99 4835) of these 18 loci revealed that the multiplex panel could also be utilized for human identifications in the studied Shaanxi Han population.
Promoter hypermethylation in CSF3R induces peripheral neutrophil reduction in benzene‐exposure poisoning
Authors: Ren Jing‐chao , Wang Tongshuai , Wu Hantian , Zhang Guang‐hui , Sun Daoyuan , Guo Kongrong , Li Haibin , Zhang Fengquan , Wu Weidong , Xia Zhao‐lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBenzene is a global pollutant and has been established to cause leukemia. To better understand the role of DNA methylation in benzene toxicity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from six benzene‐poisoning patients and six matched controls for genome‐wide DNA methylation screening by Illumina Infinium Methylation 450 BeadChip. The Gene Chip Human Gene 2.0 ST Array (Affymetrix) was used to analyze global mRNA expression. Compared with the corresponding sites of controls, 442 sites in patients were hypermethylated, corresponding to 253 genes, and 237 sites were hypomethylated, corresponding to 130 genes. The promoter methylation and mRNA expression of CSF3R, CREB5, and F2R were selected for verification by bisulfite sequencing and real‐time PCR in a larger data set with 21 cases and 23 controls. The results indicated that promoter methylation of CSF3R (p = .005) and F2R (p = .015) was significantly higher in cases than in controls. Correlation analysis showed that the promoter methylation of CSF3R (p < .001) and F2R (p < .001) was highly correlated with its mRNA expression. In the poisoning cases, neutrophil percentage was significantly different among the high, middle, and low CSF3R‐methylation groups (p = .002). In particular, the neutrophil percentage in the high CSF3R‐methylation group (48.10 ± 9.63%) was significantly lower than that in the low CSF3R‐methylation group (59.30 ± 6.26%) (p = .012). The correlation coefficient between promoter methylation in CSF3R and the neutrophil percentage was −0.445 (p = .020) in cases and − 0.398 (p = .060) in controls. These results imply that hypermethylation occurs in the CSF3R promoter due to benzene exposure and is significantly associated with a reduction in neutrophils.