bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain problem‐solving expert identification in community question answering
Authors: Tang Weizhao , Lu Tun , Gu Hansu , Zhang Peng , Gu Ning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestion‐Answering (Q&A) services provide internet users with platforms to exchange knowledge and ideas. The development of Q&A sites, or Community Question Answering (CQA), mainly depends on the high‐quality content continuously contributed by users with high‐level expertise, who can be recognized as experts. Expert finding is an important task for the authorities of Q&A communities to encourage commitment. In a highly competitive market environment, CQA managers have to take measures to retain and nurture users, especially superior contributors. However, current expertise scoring techniques adopted in CQA often give much credit to very active users and fail to identify real experts. This study aims to develop a robust and practical expert identification framework for Q&A communities, by combining well‐designed expertise scoring technique and probabilistic clustering model. With regard to expert identification, a numerical metric of users' expertise is developed as the optimal expert finding strategy, and a clustering algorithm based on Gaussian‐Gamma mixture model (GGMM) is proposed to efficiently distinguish experts from nonexperts. In the experiments, the proposed method is applied to real‐world datasets collected from subcommunities of Stack Exchange Q&A networks. Results obtained from comparative experiments show that our method achieves better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The analysis shows that the framework which combines the proposed expertise scoring technique and Gaussian–Gamma mixture clustering model is capable of detecting excellent domain problem‐solving experts who exhibit both domain interest and expertise.
Digitally mediated remote learning of pragmatics
Authors: Taguchi Naoko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak has greatly impacted world language education. With social distancing in practice, teachers, and students have been forced to adopt distance learning. As an effort to support this shift, this paper presents a range of resources and activities available for technology‐mediated remote learning of pragmatics in three categories: structured, semistructured, and unstructured digital spaces. The paper illustrates the benefits of attempts in each area and presents implicatures for teaching.
Establishing professional online communities for world language educators
Authors: Knight Stephanie W. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProfessional isolation, a familiar issue in world language education, has been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article addresses this issue by providing world language educators with practical guidance related to establishing high‐functioning professional networks online. Empirical findings related to computer‐mediated communication (CMC) in language learning and teacher training contexts support the articulation of four critical considerations for successful online professional communities: that participants (a) possess requisite technical knowledge to navigate the platforms being utilized; (b) develop requisite reflective and evaluative competencies; (c) exhibit ongoing, sustained engagement; and (d) engage collaboratively with other participants. In concert, successful treatment of these considerations not only provides practitioners with a temporary solution to engage in physically distant collaboration, but also may help establish a more robust, sustainable professional development infrastructure for world language teachers in the future.
Nontariff measures, trade deflection, and market expansion of exporters in China
Authors: Hu Xuqian , He Canfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the influence of Nontariff Measures (NTMs) on market expansion of exporters using the Chinese custom database during 2003–2011. Besides confirming the negative effect of prior export activity and positive effect of neighboring spillovers, this paper finds robust negative effects of NTMs on entry of new markets at the firm‐market level. The empirical results show that a trade deflection effect exists at the microscale and prefers the markets with lower degree of NTMs. Furthermore, exporters with fewer trade links or in processing trade seem lacking in ability to channel new markets under the pressure of NTMs in their existing markets.
Relationship between surrounding tissue morphology and directional collective migration of the posterior lateral line primordium in zebrafish
Authors: Karaiwa Akari , Yamada Sohei , Yamamoto Hodaka , Wakasa Mizuho , Ishijima Hannosuke , Akiyama Ryutaro , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Bessho Yasumasa , Matsui Takaaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCollective cell migration, in which cells assemble and move together, is an essential process in embryonic development, wound healing and cancer metastasis. Chemokine signaling guides cell assemblies to their destinations. In zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP), a model system for collective cell migration, it has been proposed that the chemokine ligand Cxcl12a secreted from muscle pioneer cells (MPs) and muscle fast fibers (MFFs), which are distributed along with the horizontal midline, binds to the receptor Cxcr4b in PLLP and that Cxcl12a–Cxcr4b signaling guides the anterior‐to‐posterior migration of PLLP along the horizontal midline. However, how the surrounding tissues affect PLLP migration remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the relationship between the PLLP and the surrounding tissues and found that a furrow between the dorsal and ventral myotomes is generated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling‐dependent MP and MFF differentiation and that the PLLP migrates in this furrow. When transient inhibition of Shh signaling impaired both the furrow formation and differentiation of cxcl12a‐expressing MPs/MFFs, directional PLLP migration was severely perturbed. Furthermore, when differentiated MPs and MFFs were ablated by femtosecond laser irradiations, the furrow remained and PLLP migration was relatively unaffected. These results suggest that the furrow formation between the dorsal and ventral myotomes is associated with the migratory behavior of PLLP.
Changes in the human gut microbiota composition caused by Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Qunqun , Shao Xiaona , Shen Ruiwei , Chen Dawei , Shen Jianwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe short‐term and long‐term effect of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication on the gut microbiota is controversial; hence, this study aimed to clarify changes in the gut microbiome and microbial diversity after H pylori eradication.Materials and MethodsArticles published in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched up to March 20, 2020, with English‐language restriction. The outcomes including gut microbiota and alpha diversity were extracted to analysis. And then, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct the data analysis.ResultsAt phylum level, next‐generation sequencing was performed. Meta‐analysis results showed that Actinobacteria decreased compared with baseline throughout the follow‐up period. Proteobacteria increased during short‐term follow‐up and then returned to normal. In addition, Bacteroidetes decreased and Firmicutes increased only during long‐term follow‐up. At family or genus level, conventional microbiological culturing was performed. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus both increased during the short‐term and interim follow‐up. In addition, Lactobacillus only showed a decreasing trend during short‐term follow‐up, but it appeared statistical decreasing during interim follow‐up. Moreover, relatively sufficient evidence showed that alpha diversity decreased during short‐term follow‐up, and no reliable data were obtained to confirm the change of alpha diversity during interim and long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionIn different follow‐up periods after H pylori eradication, changes in gut microbiota were inconsistent. Microbial diversity decreased in the short‐term follow‐up, while there was no data to confirm subsequent alterations. The results provided a basis for the rational selection of probiotics in the eradication process. However, further studies are needed to obtain more clues.
Validation of albumin, bilirubin, and platelet criteria for avoiding screening endoscopy in patients with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Higuchi Mayu , Kirino Sakura , Inada Kento , Yamashita Koji , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Hayakawa Yuka , Osawa Leona , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Izumi Namiki 
Published: June 2020

AimThe albumin, bilirubin, and platelet (ABP) criteria was proposed to avoid screening endoscopy for detecting high‐risk varices (HRV) and it has high diagnostic accuracy. We carried out a retrospective cross‐sectional study to verify the diagnostic accuracy.MethodsA total of 610 patients with advanced fibrosis were enrolled in the study. ABP criteria are defined as follows: albumin >4.0 g/dL, bilirubin <22 μmol/L, and platelets >114 000/μL.ResultsBackground liver disease were hepatitis C/hepatitis B/non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease/others:405 (66.4%)/67 (10.5%)/78 (12.8%)/60 (10.3%). A total of 105 patients (17.2%) had HRV. In multivariate analysis, serum bilirubin <22 μmol/L (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.2–3.4), albumin >4.0 g/dL (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.7–3.8), and platelets >114 000/μL (HR 3.52, 95% CI 2.1–5.8) levels were independently associated with no presence of HRV. When the ABP criteria were examined, 200 patients (32.8%) fulfilled the criteria, and 194 patients had no HRV (positive predictive value 97.0%) When classified by etiologies (hepatitis C/hepatitis B/non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease), positive predictive value were 97.7/100/92.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThe ABP criteria are easy to examine, because they use only standard laboratory tests, and they are available for screening patients who might avoid endoscopy regardless of etiologies.
Medieval European peasant women: A fragmented historiography
Authors: Wright Sharon Hubbs 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive review of scholarship since 1980 concerning medieval peasant women (roughly 1000–1500 CE) in the regions studied by German, French, Italian, and Spanish scholars. It examines research that focuses directly on medieval peasant women but does not discuss the great agrarian and economic histories or studies of peasant families that merely mention but do not focus on women. Many of the major themes and questions within women's history of the past four decades—questions about women's status, agency, and wage inequality— are reflected in scholarship on medieval European peasant women; however, European scholars have been resistant to critical analysis of their data and have worked within regional frameworks without much comparative engagement with scholars working in other locations. Reviewing the state of the field makes it clear that there are many opportunities for future research, especially comparative analysis.
Low‐contact and high‐interconnectivity pathology (LC&HI Path): post‐COVID19‐pandemic practice of pathology
Authors: Arends Mark J , Salto‐Tellez Manuel 
Published: June 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic situation may be viewed as an opportunity to accelerate some of the ongoing transformations in modern pathology. This refers primarily to the digitalisation of the practice of tissue and cellular pathology diagnostics. However, it is also an opportunity to analyse the modus operandi of a discipline that has been practised in a similar manner for more than 100 years. The challenge is to define the next generation of interconnectivity tools that would be necessary to achieve a new operational model that, while ensuring low face‐to‐face interaction between the main players of the diagnostic pipeline, allows maximum interconnectivity to serve our patients and the immediate teaching and research needs associated with clinical tissue/cellular samples. This viewpoint aims to describe what this new paradigm, a low‐contact and high‐interconnectivity pathology (LC&HC Path) operation, may require in the near future.
TEMPORALITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: SASTRAWAN WAYAN JARRAH 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe challenge of globalizing historical theory requires that theorization be grounded in material from all parts of the world. Southeast Asia is a world region that is somewhat underrepresented in the theorization of history. The distinctive historical traditions of Southeast Asia present an opportunity to bring new insights to existing theories of history. In this article, I offer a theoretical approach to historical temporality that is grounded in close readings of texts from this region by focusing on how these texts construe temporality through choices of narrative organization. I develop a toolkit for analyzing the temporalities in historical texts from equatorial Southeast Asia (the region covering present‐day Indonesia and Malaysia), which includes a precise analytical vocabulary to fully account for their diversity. This approach leads to a theoretical stance that supersedes the conceptual dichotomies of linear/cyclical time and empty/full time, in favor of a more pluralistic understanding of temporalities. The grounded theory presented in this article is not only better suited to working with Southeast Asian materials, but it can also be placed in useful dialogue with existing theories, such as the narrativist approach of Hayden White and recent theorizations of the medieval historiography of Western Europe.
OBJECTS OF HISTORY: THE PAST MATERIALIZED1
Authors: Findlen Paula 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWhat is the role of material culture in understanding the past? This review essay explores two principal approaches—the history of museums and antiquities and environmental history—to reflect on their shared investment in historical materialism. It reviews Timothy LeCain's The Matter of History and Peter Miller's History and Its Objects, discussing their perspectives on objects and the writing of history. One important part of this history concerns the relationship of academic historians to the idea of a history museum, curatorial practices, and public history. What kinds of history can we do in a museum, with things, that might not occur without the presence of objects? Why were nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century efforts to encourage a close relationship between historical research and the history museum largely abandoned in favor of a document‐driven approach?The second dimension of current interest in historical materialism concerns new approaches to environmental history. It draws inspiration from Deep History as well as recent work in archaeology and STS (Science and Technology Studies) to argue for a more integrated history of humans and nature that demonstrates how things have made us. The history of successive efforts to remake the environment in different parts of the world and their consequences offers crucial object lessons in how humans have responded to nature's own creativity. Both approaches to historical materialism highlight the virtues of a more interdisciplinary approach to historical scholarship, in the museum or in the field, but most important, in our own sensibilities about what it means to think historically with artifacts and to treat them as compelling evidence of a shared history of humanity and nature.
TOWARD A MULTIDIRECTIONAL FUTURE OF HISTORIOGRAPHY: GLOBALITY, INTERDISCIPLINARITY, AND POSTHUMANITY
Authors: Wang Q. Edward 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTCompared with the survey offered in the New Perspectives on Historical Writing nearly three decades earlier, historical practices around the world today have witnessed a remarkable change on several fronts. First, marked expansions occurred in such fields as gender history, history of memory, history of knowledge, and visual history, resulting in their noticeable transformation (for example, “gender history” to “history of sexuality” and “visual history” to “history of things”). Second, by exploring and presenting the “other(s)” in modern historiography, new areas are opened up in postcolonial history, global history, emotions history, and so on, which have prompted historians to reconceptualize their notions of time and space. Third, menacing global climate change and notable breakthroughs in various areas of modern technology have exerted an unprecedented impact on historical writing, exemplified by the new developments in environmental history, neurohistory, digital history, and animal history. Science and technology help historians to rejuvenate their research methodology and teaching pedagogy, but they have also demanded that historians acquire a better understanding of the interaction and co‐evolution of humans and nonhumans in history, or to take the nonanthropocentric and nonanthropomorphic approach. In sum, what lies ahead for historians and history students today is a multidirectional future, which is at once an opportunity and a challenge.
A DYNAMIC DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL OF REVERSE MORTGAGE BORROWER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Blevins Jason R. , Shi Wei , Haurin Donald R. , Moulton Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing unique data on reverse mortgage borrowers in the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) program, we semiparametrically estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of borrower behavior. Our estimator is based on a new identification result we develop for models with multiple terminating actions. We show that the per‐period utility functions and discount factor are identified without restrictive, ad hoc identifying restrictions that lead to incorrect counterfactual implications. Our estimates provide insights about factors that influence HECM refinance, default, and termination decisions and allow us to quantify the trade‐offs involved for proposed program modifications, such as income and credit requirements.
Low‐dose oral minoxidil as treatment for non‐scarring alopecia: a systematic review
Authors: Sharma Ajay N. , Michelle Lauren , Juhasz Margit , Muller Ramos Paulo , Atanaskova Mesinkovska Natasha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTopical minoxidil has been used for almost 40 years to treat alopecia. There is growing evidence supporting off‐label use of low‐dose oral minoxidil.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review evaluating the use of oral minoxidil for all types of alopecia.MethodsA primary literature search was conducted using PubMed in May 2019, utilizing the search term “oral minoxidil AND (hair loss OR alopecia OR baldness)”. Reviews, non‐English studies, and articles concerning only topical minoxidil were excluded.ResultsTen articles were included for review comprising a total 19,218 patients (215 women and 19,003 men). Oral minoxidil dose ranged from 0.25 to 5 mg daily to twice daily. The strongest evidence existed for androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata (AA), with 61–100% and 18–82.4% of patients demonstrating objective clinical improvement. Successful treatment of female pattern hair loss, chronic telogen effluvium, monilethrix, and permanent chemotherapy‐induced alopecia was also reported. The most common adverse effects with oral minoxidil included hypertrichosis and postural hypotension.ConclusionOral minoxidil is a safe and successful treatment of androgenic alopecia and AA. In addition to its therapeutic benefits, practical advantages over topical minoxidil stem from improved patient compliance.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: causes and treatments
Authors: Karanfilian Katrice M. , Wassef Cindy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractErosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp is a rare condition which primarily affects older women after local trauma and has historically been treated with topical steroids. As it is a rare entity and resembles other dermatologic conditions, it may easily be misdiagnosed. Identifying the causes and evaluating the efficacy of treatments of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is of great importance to both avoid misdiagnosis and ensure optimal treatment of this rare condition. There are numerous causes. In addition to surgeries and physical injuries, topical and procedural treatments for actinic keratoses and androgenetic alopecia can trigger the development of lesions. There are also documented associations with several autoimmune and systemic conditions. Besides corticosteroids, topical tacrolimus and photodynamic therapy were the most commonly used treatments for EPDS. They were effective with few recurrences and adverse effects. Other successful treatment options were topical dapsone, silicone gels, calcipotriol, acitretin, and isotretinoin. Oral dapsone can be used in cases of disseminated disease. Zinc sulfate should be considered with low‐serum zinc levels. While cyclosporine was effective, there were adverse effects that may limit its use. It is important for dermatologists to be aware of the wide array of potential causes of erosive pustular dermatosis and include it on their differential. Additionally, although high‐potency topical steroids have been historically used as the first‐line treatment, there are many other effective treatments that may avoid recurrence and skin atrophy, particularly in the elderly population.
Potential molecular mechanisms of negative pressure in promoting wound healing
Authors: Dong Jiaoyun , Qing Chun , Song Fei , Wang Xiqiao , Lu Shuliang , Tian Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used in various lesions. This study aimed to explore the biological effects of negative pressure on the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), macrophages, and epidermal keratinocyte cells involved in wound healing. PMNs differentiated from HL‐60, macrophages were derived from THP‐1 monocytes, and keratinocytes were cultured in vitro, and they were treated with 0, −0.03 mp, and −0.05 mp, respectively. Cell ultrastructure; viability; apoptosis; and protein factors such as tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CCK8, flow cytometry (FCM), ELISA, and simple Western assays, respectively. After negative pressure stimulation, the cell ultrastructure of PMNs and macrophages cells was presented with a marked increase of lysosomes and a relative decrease of mitochondria. In addition, the cell viability was enhanced in PMNs and macrophages in a pressure‐dependent manner and apoptosis ratios were significantly reduced in PMNs and macrophages. In addition, under −0.05 negative pressure, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 were significantly increased in PMNs or macrophages. Moreover, increased EGF and EGFR and Cdc42 levels in keratinocytes induced by the −0.05 mpa were detected, indicating that the migration chemotaxis of keratinocyte cells was enhanced. Negative pressure might promote cell proliferation, accelerate inflammatory responses, and promote epithelialisation during wound healing by increasing IFN‐γ, IL‐17, Cdc42, EGF, and EGFR in PMNs, macrophages, or keratinocytes under different negative pressures.