bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Attention to Action: The Influence of Cognitive and Ideological Diversity in Top Management Teams on Business Model Innovation
Authors: Narayan Somendra , Sidhu Jatinder S. , Volberda Henk W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs top management teams (TMTs) become progressively more diverse, an important question arises: how does greater TMT diversity affect a company’s ability to innovate its business model? To examine this, we draw on the upper‐echelons literature and on research on business models as activity systems to theorize that cognitive and ideological diversity in TMTs will affect teams’ attention to business model innovation (BMI) and companies’ BMI intensity. Analysis of longitudinal data from firms in the US printing and publishing industry provides support for the theory that, over time, TMT cognitive and ideological diversity have a positive influence on BMI. Whereas cognitive diversity expands TMT’s BMI attention‐scope, both cognitive and ideological diversity increase BMI intensity. However, too much ideological diversity has a negative effect. We furthermore find that TMT longevity moderates the effects of TMT diversity positively, suggesting that the benefit of diversity grows as team members work together longer as a team. We discuss the study’s contributions to the literature on diversity, BMI, and the upper echelons.
Elevated co2 has Differential Effects on Five Species of Microalgae from a Subtropical Freshwater Lake: Possible Implications for Phytoplankton Species Composition
Authors: Lines Thomas , Orr Philip , Beardall John 
Published: November 2020

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to have a significant impact on global phytoplankton populations. Of particular interest in freshwater systems are those species that produce toxins or impact water quality, though evidence for how these species, and many others, will respond is limited. This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (1,000 ppm) relative to current atmospheric CO2 partial pressures (400 ppm), on growth, cell size, carbon acquisition, and photophysiology of five freshwater phytoplankton species including a toxic cyanophyte, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, from Lake Wivenhoe, Australia. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth rate varied between species; notably growth rate was considerably higher for Staurastrum sp. and significantly lower for Stichococcus sp. with a trend to lower growth rate for R. raciborskii. Surface area to volume ratio was significantly lower with elevated CO2, for all species except Cyclotella sp. Timing of maximum cell concentrations of those genera studied in monoculture occurred in the lake in order of CO2 affinity when free CO2 concentrations dropped below air equilibrium. The results presented here suggest that as atmospheric levels of CO2 rise, R. raciborskii may become less of a problem to water quality, while some species of chlorophytes may become more dominant. This has implications for stakeholders of many freshwater systems.
The small regulatory RNA Lpr10 regulates the expression of RpoS in Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Saoud Joseph , Carrier Marie‐Claude , Massé Éric , Faucher Sébastien P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLegionella pneumophila (Lp) is a waterborne bacterium able to infect human alveolar macrophages, causing Legionnaires’ disease. Lp can survive for several months in water, while searching for host cells to grow in, such as ciliates and amoeba. In Lp, the sigma factor RpoS is essential for survival in water. A previous transcriptomic study showed that RpoS positively regulates the small regulatory RNA Lpr10. In the present study, deletion of lpr10 results in an increased survival of Lp in water. Microarray analysis and RT‐qPCR revealed that Lpr10 negatively regulates the expression of RpoS in the postexponential phase. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in‐line probing showed that Lpr10 binds to a region upstream of the previously identified transcription start sites (TSS) of rpoS. A third putative transcription start site was identified by primer extension analysis, upstream of the Lpr10 binding site. In addition, nlpD TSS produces a polycistronic mRNA including the downstream gene rpoS, indicating a fourth TSS for rpoS. Our results suggest that the transcripts from the third and fourth TSS are negatively regulated by the Lpr10 sRNA. Therefore, we propose that Lpr10 is involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop to maintain expression of RpoS to an optimal level.
A case report of oral heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts (HGIC) and review of the literature
Authors: Bains Gursimran Kaur , Pilkington Richard , Stafford Joanna , Bhatia Sunil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionHeterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa (HGM) found within the oral cavity has been reported as a rare type of anomaly. It can result in the formation of oral heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts (HGIC) which are thought to be either duplication cysts (surrounded by a muscular wall) or choristomas/heterotopic cysts (no muscular wall). The exact aetiology is poorly understood; they are thought to arise from misplacement or sequestration of the endoderm from the primitive stomach into the anlage of the tongue/developing oral cavity.MethodsWe present a rare case of a healthy 37‐year‐old Eastern European gentleman who was diagnosed with HGM of the anterior tongue. A systematic literature review method of PubMed, Embase and Medline was conducted.ResultsA systematic review of PubMed, Embase and Medline was conducted, revealing 68 reported cases in the English language. The age range was from newborn to 70 years old, 42/68 cases were reported in infants (1 year or less). Male:Female 1.3:1. Of these patients six reported previous surgery and three reported previous failed aspirations/incision and drainage. In infancy/childhood it usually presents with problems with feeding/swallowing.Clinical RelevanceMRI T2 weighted imaging produces a high signal due to a well‐defined cyst like appearance with imaging appearances being the same in infants as to those in adult patients. The majority of these cases cause feeding and breathing issues in the infant. However, this lesion had remained asymptomatic for over 30 years before causing discomfort with swallowing. This case reveals that these lesions can remain asymptomatic before causing problems in later life and the clinician should be aware of having it as part of a differential diagnosis.
Initial goals, goal trajectories, and changes in perceived resolvability during serial arguments
Authors: Worley Timothy , Liu Esther , Vanderbilt Rachel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examined how dyadic patterns of goal importance during a serial argument interaction predict changes in perceptions of argument resolvability over the course of a specific episode. Seventy romantic couples engaged in a 7‐min discussion of a current serial argument and used a video‐assisted recall method to report their goals at each minute. Although arguers' initial goals did not predict changes in perceptions of resolvability, increases in a partner's endorsement of partner‐identity goals predicted increases in individuals' own perceptions of resolvability. Conversely, increases in a partner's endorsement of self‐identity goals predicted declines in individuals' perceived resolvability. Results suggest that trajectories of identity‐focused goals during serial argument episodes may shape the progress of argument perceptions toward or away from resolvability.
Revisiting clay‐sized mineral and elemental records of the silicate weathering history in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the late Cenozoic: The role of aeolian dust
Authors: Yang Yibo , Ye Chengcheng , Yang Rongsheng , Fang Xiaomin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExceedingly strong aeolian dust activity has occurred in inland Asia. Comparisons of the late Cenozoic sedimentation rates between aeolian and fluvial‐lacustrine sequences around the northern Tibetan Plateau suggest that aeolian process has played an important role in the erosion, weathering and deposition of sediment. However, recognizing dust as an important source in fluvial‐lacustrine sequences is a vital but difficult task. Here, clay‐sized mineral and elemental records of regional silicate weathering histories are revisited during the period of Asian dust expansion at ~9–8 Ma. The aeolian dust input from the Tianshan‐Altay Orogens into the Jiuquan Basin is identified using the Th/Sc ratio while that from the Qilian Shan into the Xining Basin is identified based on inconsistent fine‐grained silicate weathering proxies. Our study suggests that the use of appropriate dust provenance tracers and recognition of wind transport‐induced changes in dust grain size and chemistry can provide useful aeolian dust discrimination approaches.
Association of TNF (rs1800629) promoter polymorphism and schistosomiasis with sub‐microscopic asymptomaticPlasmodium falciparuminfections in a schistosomiasis‐endemic area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Vengesai Arthur , Marume Amos , Midzi Herald , Kasambala Maritha , Naicker Thajasvarie , Mduluza Takafira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesInfection withPlasmodium falciparumparasites may result in a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to mild or severe. A number of factors are associated with this heterogeneous response toP. falciparuminfection. In the present study, associations of sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparumwithSchistosomaspecies and TNF (rs1800629) polymorphism were investigated.Methods361 clinically healthy primary school children were microscopically screened forS. haematobium,S. mansoniandP. falciparum. Sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparuminfections were determined by PCR. Genotypic profiles were identified using ARMS‐PCR. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparumwithSchistosomaspecies and TNF (rs1800629) polymorphism.Results17.2% of the children were infected withS. mansoni, and 27.4% were infected withS. haematobium. Microscopic examination of thick smears detected only one child infected withP. falciparum. Based on PCR results, 46.1% were infected with sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparum. Children carrying heterozygous AG (OR: 16.964, 95% CI: 0.496–586.547) and homozygous GG (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 0.111–46.796) genotypes of rs1800629 were associated with an increased likelihood of sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparuminfections compared with those carrying homozygous AA genotype. Children withoutS. haematobiuminfections (OR: 1.051, 95% CI: 0.146–8.985) andS. mansoni(OR: 2.658, 95% CI: 0.498–14.184) also had an increased likelihood (risk) of being infected with sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparumcompared with theSchistosoma‐infected groups. However, all the associations observed were not statistical significant.ConclusionNo associations were observed between rs1800629 and schistosomiasis with sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparuminfections. This study also reports a high prevalence of sub‐microscopic asymptomaticP. falciparuminfection concomitant with low malaria transmission.
How donor selection criteria can be evaluated with limited scientific evidence: lessons learned from the TRANSPOSE project
Authors: Mikkelsen Christina , Mori Gaia , van Walraven Suzanna M. , Castrén Johanna , Zahra Sharon , MacLennan Sheila , Seidel Kirsten , Fontana Stefano , Veropalumbo Eva , Cannata Livia , Pupella Simonetta , Kvist Maria , Happel Marjan , Korkalainen Piia , Chandrasekar Akila , Paulus Ulrike , Bokhorst Arlinke , Wulff Birgit , Fernandez‐Sojo Jesus , Eguizabal Cristina , Urbano Fernando , Vesga Miguel Angel , van Kraaij Marian , Merz Eva‐Maria , van den Hurk Katja , Hansen Morten Bagge , Slot Ed , Ullum Henrik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveDonor selection criteria (DSC) are a vital link in the chain of supply of Substances of Human Origin (SoHO) but are also subject to controversy and differences of opinion. Traditionally, DSC have been based on application of the precautionary principle.Materials and methodsFrom 2017 to 2020, TRANSPOSE (TRANSfusion and transplantation PrOtection and SElection of donors), a European research project, aimed to identify discrepancies between current DSC by proposing a standardized risk assessment method for all SoHO (solid organs excluded) and all levels of evidence.ResultsThe current DSC were assessed using a modified risk assessment method based on the Alliance of Blood Operators’ Risk‐based decision‐making framework for blood safety. It was found that with limited or diverging scientific evidence, it was difficult to reach consensus and an international standardized method for decision‐making was lacking. Furthermore, participants found it hard to disregard their local guidelines when providing expert opinion, which resulted in substantial influence on the consensus‐based decision‐making process.ConclusionsWhile the field of donation‐safety research is expanding rapidly, there is an urgent need to formalize the decision‐making process regarding DSC. This includes the need for standardized methods to increase transparency in the international decision‐making process and to ensure that this is performed consistently. Our framework provides an easy‐to‐implement approach for standardizing risk assessments, especially in the context of limited scientific evidence.
Experiences of healthcare, including palliative care, of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions and their families: a longitudinal qualitative investigation
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Slowther Anne-Marie , Coad Jane , Dale Jeremy 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo understand the experiences and perceptions of healthcare services of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions and their family members, including palliative care.DesignLongitudinal qualitative interview study with children and their family members. Up to three in-depth interviews were conducted over 13 months with each child and family. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingCommunity and hospital settings in the West Midlands, UK.ParticipantsChildren with a diverse range of life-limiting and life-threatening conditions, aged between 5 and 18 years, and their family members.Findings31 participants from 14 families including 10 children took part in 41 interviews. Two children died during the course of the study. Children accepted their conditions as part of life and had other priorities for living. Experiences of ‘fighting’ a fragmented healthcare system that focused on the biomedical aspects of their care were described. The possibility of death was rarely openly discussed. Palliative care tended to be conceptualised as a distinct service or phase of a child’s condition, rather than a broad approach. Access to palliative care depended on the availability of specialist services, and on trusted interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals who could share uncertainty and the family’s emotional burden.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to create a more child and family centred approach that enables palliative care to be truly integrated into the wider healthcare of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions. Trusted, interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals, and more effective coordination of care are fundamental to achieving this, and should be valued and enabled throughout the healthcare system.
Does the use of patient decision aids lead to cost savings? a systematic review
Authors: Scalia Peter , Barr Paul J , O'Neill Ciaran , Crealey Grainne E , Bagley Pamela J , Blunt Heather B , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo update a previous systematic review to determine if patient decision aid (PDA) interventions generate savings in healthcare settings, and if so, from which perspective (ie, patient, organisation providing care, society).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Campbell Collaboration Library, EconLit, Business Source Complete, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination: NHS Economic Evaluations Database (NHS EED), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) from 15 March 2013 to 25 January 2019. The references of studies that met the eligibility criteria and any publications related to conference abstracts or registered clinical trials were reviewed to increase the sensitivity of the search.Eligibility criteriaFull and partial economic evaluations with an experimental, quasi-experimental or randomised controlled design were included. The intervention had to satisfy the pre-determined minimum conditions necessary to be defined as a PDA, and (for full evaluations) provide details on the comparator used.Data extraction and synthesisAll study outcomes and economic data were extracted. The reporting and quality of the economic analyses were independently assessed by two health economists.ResultsOf 5066 studies, 22 studies were included, including the 8 studies from the previous review. Twelve studies reported cost-savings (range=US$10 to US$81 156; US dollars in 2020), primarily from the organisational or health system perspective, and 10 studies did not. However, due to the quality of the economic analyses, and the related issues with the interpretative validity of results it would be inappropriate to say that PDAs will generate savings, from any perspective.ConclusionsIt is unclear whether PDAs will generate savings. Greater consensus on what constitutes a PDA and the need to compare them against usual care over a sufficient time horizon to allow valid assessment of costs and outcomes is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019118457.
Laparoscopic bowel resection combined with infliximab treatment (LaRIC) versus infliximab for terminal ileitis in Crohn’s disease: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial
Authors: Hao Xiuxiu , Feng Tienan , Yang Yang , Shi Yuan , Jing Ran , Liu Sailiang , Luo Yang , Qiao Yuqi , Zhong Ming , Yu Minhao 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionCrohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The early use of anti-­tumour necrosis factor agents, such as infliximab, in patients with an aggressive form of Crohn’s disease has become part of routine practice. However, infliximab has limitations, and early surgery might benefit patients more. The objective of this study was to compare laparoscopic bowel resection with infliximab treatment in patients with moderately or severely active Crohn’s disease with respect to endoscopic remission. The laparoscopic bowel resection combined with infliximab treatment trial is the first randomised controlled trial to demonstrate if early surgery can improve the outcome of patients with Crohn’s disease with limited non-stricturing disease treated with infliximab.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, open-label, controlled trial at Renji Hospital. In this study, a total of 106 adult patients aged 18–80 years with moderately or severely active and steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant Crohn’s disease of the distal ileum will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the control and surgery groups. The primary outcome is 12-month endoscopic remission measured by the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease in the control group and the Rutgeerts score in the surgery group. The secondary outcomes are clinical remission, surgery rate, quality of life, Crohn’s disease-related medical costs and Crohn’s disease-related morbidity. The patients will be followed up every 6 months after randomisation through intestinal magnetic resonance enterography and colonoscopy for either 3 years or until clinical remission.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will provide informed consent. The protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Academic Medical Center in Shanghai (No KY2019-180). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000029323.
COVID-19 outcomes in UK centre within highest health and wealth band: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ken-Dror Gie , Wade Charles , Sharma Shyam , Law Jessica , Russo Cristina , Sharma Aarti , Joy Elizabeth , John Joshua , Robin Jonathan , John Sarah , Mahana Karim , Fluck David , Bentley Paul , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from UK in the highest decile of health and gross regional products per capita.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRecruited all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 symptoms admitted to a single Surrey centre between March and April 2020. Extensive demographic details were documented.Outcome measureCOVID-19 status of alive/dead and intensive care unit (ICU) status of yes/no.ParticipantsPatients with COVID-19 from Surrey centre UK (n=429).Results429 adult inpatients (mean age 70±18 years; men 56.4%) were included in this study, of whom, 19.1% required admission to ICU and 31.9% died. Adverse outcomes were associated with age (OR with each decade of years: 1.78, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.11, p<0.001 for mortality); male gender (OR=1.08, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.63, p=0.72, present in 70.7%, of admissions to ICU versus 53% of other cases, p=0.004); cardiac disease (OR=3.43, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.63, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.17, p=0.028) and dementia (OR=5.06, 95% CI 2.79 to 9.44, p<0.001). There was no significant impact of ethnicity or body mass index on disease outcome.ConclusionsDespite reports of worse outcomes in deprived regions, we show similar complication and mortality rates due to COVID-19 in an affluent and high life expectancy region.
Characteristics of frequent paediatric users of emergency departments in England: an observational study using routine national data
Authors: Greenfield Geva , Blair Mitch , Aylin Paul P , Saxena Sonia , Majeed Azeem , Bottle Alex 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFrequent attendances of the same users in emergency departments (ED) can intensify workload pressures and are common among children, yet little is known about the characteristics of paediatric frequent users in EDs.AimTo describe the volume of frequent paediatric attendance in England and the demographics of frequent paediatric ED users in English hospitals.MethodWe analysed the Hospital Episode Statistics dataset for April 2014–March 2017. The study included 2 308 816 children under 16 years old who attended an ED at least once. Children who attended four times or more in 2015/2016 were classified as frequent users. The preceding and subsequent years were used to capture attendances bordering with the current year. We used a mixed effects logistic regression with a random intercept to predict the odds of being a frequent user in children from different sociodemographic groups.ResultsOne in 11 children (9.1%) who attended an ED attended four times or more in a year. Infants had a greater likelihood of being a frequent attender (OR 3.24, 95% CI 3.19 to 3.30 vs 5 to 9 years old). Children from more deprived areas had a greater likelihood of being a frequent attender (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.54 to 1.59 vs least deprived). Boys had a slightly greater likelihood than girls (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06). Children of Asian and mixed ethnic groups were more likely to be frequent users than those from white ethnic groups, while children from black and 'other' had a lower likelihood (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05; OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06; OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.90; OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92, respectively).ConclusionOne in 11 children was a frequent attender. Interventions for reducing paediatric frequent attendance need to target infants and families living in deprived areas.