bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants’ Post‐Return Wellbeing: A View From the Caucasus
Authors: Lietaert Ine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the increasing attention in academic literature, it continues to be extremely challenging to capture the complexity of reintegration processes and post‐return situations. This article argues that the concept of well‐being, which captures contextual differences, self‐chosen points of reference and summarizes a multitude of outcomes, has the potential to fill some of the gaps in current studies. This approach is translated into a longitudinal and qualitative research, applied to study the post‐return situations of 65 (rejected) asylum applicants and undocumented migrants who return through an assisted return programme from Belgium to their country of origin Armenia or Georgia. The findings reveal particular accents, priorities and vulnerabilities linked to personal trajectories and pre‐ and post‐return contexts and touches upon different connections, contrasts and interactions between components of post‐return well‐being. Accordingly, the results highlight that the lens of well‐being is a useful strategy to uncover the complexity and dynamics of post‐return situations.
What are the risk factors and protective factors of suicidal behavior in adolescents? A systematic review
Authors: Ati Niken A. L. , Paraswati Mareta D. , Windarwati Heni D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblemSuicidal behavior is the third leading cause of death in adolescents in the world. Suicide behavior in adolescents can be prevented by recognizing risk factors and protective factors originating from themselves and the surrounding environment. This study aimed to identify risk factors and protective factors for adolescents who demonstrate suicidal behavior.MethodsA systematic search in four databases, including ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Direct Open Access Journal, and ProQuest, was performed using the terms “suicide,” “risk,” and “adolescent.” The search was limited to publications between 2015 and 2019. Articles were selected using PRISMA, a total of 66 articles were analyzed in the systematic review, all of which were quantitative studies.FindingsBased on the synthesis results, it was found that internal risk factors, external risk factors, and protective factors for adolescents who demonstrate suicidal behavior.ConclusionThe results indicated that there are risk factors, both internal and external factors inhibiting suicide behavior in adolescents, which were rarely considered in the promotion and prevention effort of adolescent suicidal behavior.
European dermatology forum – updated guidelines on the use of extracorporeal photopheresis 2020 – part 1
Authors: Knobler R. , Arenberger P. , Arun A. , Assaf C. , Bagot M. , Berlin G. , Bohbot A. , Calzavara‐Pinton P. , Child F. , Cho A. , French L.E. , Gennery A.R. , Gniadecki R. , Gollnick H.P.M. , Guenova E. , Jaksch P. , Jantschitsch C. , Klemke C. , Ludvigsson J. , Papadavid E. , Scarisbrick J. , Schwarz T. , Stadler R. , Wolf P. , Zic J. , Zouboulis C. , Zuckermann A. , Greinix H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the first investigational study on the use of extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma published in 1983, this technology has received continued use and further recognition for additional earlier as well as refractory forms. After the publication of the first guidelines for this technology in the JEADV in 2014, this technology has maintained additional promise in the treatment of other severe and refractory conditions in a multi‐disciplinary setting. It has confirmed recognition in well‐known documented conditions such as graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, systemic sclerosis, solid organ transplant rejection including lung, heart and liver and to a lesser extent inflammatory bowel disease.Materials and methodsIn order to further provide recognized expert practical guidelines for the use of this technology for all indications, the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) again proceeded to address these questions in the hands of the recognized experts within and outside the field of dermatology. This was done using the recognized and approved guidelines of EDF for this task. All authors had the opportunity to review each contribution as it was added.Results and conclusionThese updated 2020 guidelines provide at present the most comprehensive available expert recommendations for the use of extracorporeal photopheresis based on the available published literature and expert consensus opinion. The guidelines are divided in two parts: PART I covers cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease and acute graft‐versus‐host disease while PART II will cover scleroderma, solid organ transplantation, Crohn's disease, use of ECP in paediatrics practice, atopic dermatitis, type 1 diabetes, pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and erosive oral lichen planus.
Brain endothelial cells metabolize glutamate via glutamate dehydrogenase to replenish TCA‐intermediates and produce ATP under hypoglycemic conditions
Authors: Hinca Sven B. , Salcedo Claudia , Wagner Antonie , Goldeman Charlotte , Sadat Edris , Aibar Marco M.D. , Maechler Pierre , Brodin Birger , Aldana Blanca I. , Helms Hans C.C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier participate in the regulation of glutamate concentrations in the brain interstitial fluid by taking up brain glutamate. However, endothelial glutamate metabolism has not been characterized, nor is its role in brain glutamate homeostasis and endothelial energy production known. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) expression and glutamate metabolism and probe its functional significance. The primary brain endothelial cells were isolated from bovine and mouse brains, and human brain endothelial cells were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. GDH expression on the protein level and GDH function were investigated in the model systems using western blotting, confocal microscopy, 13C‐glutamate metabolism, and Seahorse assay. In this study, it was shown that GDH was expressed in murine and bovine brain capillaries and in cultured primary mouse and bovine brain endothelial cells as well as in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived endothelial cells. The endothelial GDH expression was confirmed in brain capillaries from mice carrying a central nervous system‐specific GDH knockout. Endothelial cells from all tested species metabolized 13C‐glutamate to α‐ketoglutarate, which subsequently entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)‐cycle. Brain endothelial cells maintained mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, when supplied with glutamate alone, whereas glutamate supplied in addition to glucose did not lead to additional oxygen consumption. In conclusion, brain endothelial cells directly take up and metabolize glutamate and utilize the resulting α‐ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to ultimately yield ATP if glucose is unavailable.
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Prevention of scar hyperplasia in the skin by conotoxin: A prospective review
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Ji Zhonglei , Li Zhengyong , Pan Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScars are often considered to be skin problems that affect beauty. The tension acting on the edge of the wound is the main factor causing the scar hyperplasia. At present, the clinical use of botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) around the wound to cause transient muscle paralysis reduce the muscle movement around the wound and wound tension to prevent scar hyperplasia during wound healing. But the use of BTX‐A to prevent scarring requires the use of a syringe. The syringe can cause trauma and pain when it pricks the skin for BTX‐A injection. The conotoxin which is secreted by the poison glands on the inside of the venom tube and capsule of the snail provides a simple and effective way to prevent skin scar hyperplasia. We reviewed the classification of conotoxin, the conotoxin's mechanism of preventing scar hyperplasia, and the research direction of conotoxin in the future and provided reference for promoting the application of conotoxin in preventing skin scar hyperplasia.
The number of overall hysterectomies per population with the perimenopausal status is increasing in Japan: A national representative cohort study
Authors: Isobe Masanori , Kataoka Yuki , Chikazawa Kenro , Nishigori Hiroshi , Takahashi Toshifumi , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the trends in overall hysterectomy and other alternative therapies for benign uterine diseases per population aged 40–54 years in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a national representative cohort study in Japan. We obtained data from ‘The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan’ Open Data. The primary outcome was the number of overall hysterectomies for benign gynecologic diseases per population aged 40–54 years, from 2014 to 2017 in Japan. The secondary outcome was the number of alternative surgical and drug therapies to hysterectomy per population. We also analyzed the correlation between the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists and the number of overall hysterectomies per population among 47 prefectures in 2017.ResultsThe number of overall hysterectomies for benign gynecological diseases per 100 000 females aged 40–54 years gradually increased from 320 in 2014 to 344 in 2017 (7.5% increase overall). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine systems. We could not explain the reason for this increase in the rate of overall hysterectomies by summarizing the increase or decrease of alternative therapies to hysterectomy. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists and the number of overall hysterectomies among 47 prefectures.ConclusionDespite the spread of alternative therapies to hysterectomy, there was an increasing trend for overall hysterectomies in Japan. The reason was not clear but may be related to the spread of laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Personality and moral judgment: Curious consequentialists and polite deontologists
Authors: Smillie Luke D. , Katic Milena , Laham Simon M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveHow does our personality relate to the ways in which we judge right from wrong? Drawing on influential theories of moral judgment, we identify candidate traits that may be linked with inclinations toward (a) consequentialist judgments (i.e., those based on the outcomes of an action) and (b) deontological judgments (i.e., those based on the alignment of an action with particular moral rules).MethodAcross two studies (total N = 843) we examined domains and aspects of the Big Five in relation to inclinations toward consequentialist and deontological judgments.ResultsIn both studies, we found a unique association between intellect (curiosity, cognitive engagement) and consequentialist inclinations, in line with the view that deliberative cognitive processes drive such inclinations. We also found a consistent unique association between politeness (respectfulness, etiquette) and deontological inclinations, in line with the view that norm‐adherence drives such inclinations. Neither study yielded a significant unique relation between deontological inclinations and compassion (sympathy, empathic concern)—or any other emotion‐infused trait (e.g., Neuroticism)—as would be expected based on emotion‐centered views of deontological moral judgment.ConclusionsThese findings have implications for theories of moral judgment, and reveal how our personality may guide our approach to questions of ethics and morality.
Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease—Next of kin's experiences
Authors: Schjerlund Maiken , Agnholt Hanne , Gregersen Lærke Rohr , Heilesen Tina , Pedersen Mona K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with a progressive decline in cognitive functions. This may lead to significant consequences for the person with CKD physically, psychologically and socially and may affect the everyday lives of the family.ObjectivesTo explore the everyday life experiences of next of kin of persons with CKD and cognitive impairment (CI).DesignA qualitative design with semi‐structured individual interviews with next of kin of persons with CKD and CI to gather in‐depth information about the everyday life experiences of the next of kin. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively based on qualitative thematic analysis.FindingsBased on the analysis, four themes were constructed: CI evolves gradually and is multifaceted; balancing everyday life challenges; finding ways to deal with their situation and knowledge enables understanding.ConclusionNext of kin took responsibility and developed strategies for making everyday life function for the person with CKD and CI, which required considerable structure and a number of actions. They needed information about the CI and developed strategies for how to protect the person with CKD from being exposed. To provide themselves a personal space, next of kin turned to family, friends and people in comparable situations. To identify and address unmet care needs, healthcare professionals must proactively demonstrate an increased focus on CI and focus on the potential care needs of the person with CKD and their next of kin.
Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses
Authors: Anderson Melinda J. , Ibrahim Alina S. , Cooper Bruce R. , Woolcock Andrew D. , Moore George E. , Taylor Sandra D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is associated with ascorbic acid (AA) depletion and critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in humans.HypothesesIntravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would (a) decrease endogneous AA concentrations, (b) induce CIRCI and (c) administration of a combination of AA and hydrocortisone (HC) would have decreased indices of inflammation compared to either drug alone.AnimalsThirty‐two healthy horses.MethodsRandomized placebo‐controlled experimental trial. Horses were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (saline, AA and HC, AA only, or HC only). Treatments were administered 1 hour after completion of LPS infusion. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression and production, and plasma AA concentrations were assessed at various time points. Serum cortisol concentrations and ACTH stimulation tests were used to detect CIRCI.ResultsThere was no effect of drug on clinical signs or pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression or production compared to controls at any time point. Administration of AA was associated with higher blood neutrophil counts 6 hours after LPS infusion (11.01 ± 1.02 K/μl) compared to other groups (8.99 ± 0.94 K/μL;P < .009). Adminstration of HC was associated with higher blood neutrophil counts 12 hours after LPS infusion (10.40 ± 0.75 K/μl) compared to other groups (6.88 ± 0.68 K/μl;P< .001). Serum cortisol increased from 5.11 ± 1.48 μg/dL before LPS administration to 9.59 ± 1.83 μg/dL 1 h after completion of LPS infusion (T1) without an effect of treatment (P= 0.59).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAscorbic acid and HC appeared to protect against LPS‐induced neutrophil depletion and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in horses with endotoxemia.
Association between vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein, and proteinuria in dogs
Authors: Miller Matthew S. , Rudinsky Adam J. , Klamer Brett G. , Chew Dennis J. , Parker Valerie J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProteinuria has been associated with progression of renal disease and increased morbidity and mortality in dogs and people. In people, proteinuria also has been associated with hypovitaminosis D. Little is known about the relationship between vitamin D metabolism and proteinuria in dogs.ObjectivesTo further elucidate vitamin D status in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN) and minimal to no azotemia. We hypothesized that vitamin D metabolites would be lower in dogs with PLN compared to healthy dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned adult dogs with PLN and 10 healthy control dogs.MethodsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D), serum vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and urine 25(OH)D concentrations were measured.ResultsCompared to healthy dogs, dogs with PLN had lower concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites (P < .01). Correlations (rho; 95% confidence interval [CI]) in dogs with PLN are reported. Serum 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D concentrations were positively correlated with albumin (r= 0.47; 0.07‐0.74), and 24,25(OH)2D was negatively correlated with urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC;r= −0.54; −0.78 to −0.16). Urine 25(OH)D‐to‐creatinine ratio was negatively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r= −0.77; −0.91 to −0.50) and positively correlated with UPC (r= 0.79; 0.53‐0.91). Serum VDBP concentration was positively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r= 0.53; 0.05‐0.81).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with PLN have decreased serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. Urine 25(OH)D‐to‐creatinine ratio and UPC are correlated in PLN dogs. Future studies are needed to assess additional management strategies for dogs with PLN.
A multi‐layered approach to the diversification of squirrels
Authors: Menéndez Iris , Gómez Cano Ana Rosa , Cantalapiedra Juan L. , Peláez‐Campomanes Pablo , Álvarez‐Sierra María Ángeles , Hernández Fernández Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe shape of the tree of life is the result of shifting diversification rates, and identifying the factors driving these shifts is one of the main aims in evolutionary biology. Various biotic and abiotic factors have been proposed to have an impact on mammal diversification, such as climatic and tectonic changes, the acquisition of new traits, and expansion into new ecosystems or landmasses.We used phylogenetic comparative methods to quantify the influence of potential drivers on diversification patterns in extant squirrels (Sciuridae, Rodentia). We conducted a multilayer approach, comparing diversification rates among squirrel lineages depending on their degree of biome specialisation, biogeographic realm occupancy, locomotion adaptations, and presence in mountainous regions.We generated the most complete phylogeny of squirrels to date, encompassing almost 80% of the extant species, and applied multiple and binary state‐dependent diversification models. All the traits examined showed an influence on diversification rates.The biome specialist lineages showed the highest speciation rates, suggesting a major role of bioclimatic specialisation on macroevolutionary patterns. A single major event, the Miocene–Pleistocene radiation of terrestrial‐adapted lineages in North America, left a signal that was recovered in two of our analyses. Both the Nearctic lineages and the terrestrial‐adapted lineages showed high speciation rates, highlighting the fact that that major evolutionary episodes may produce confounding effects in state‐dependent diversification models.Ancestral reconstructions showed that cold and warm intervals in Earth’s history had different effects on squirrels’ diversification, depending on their climatic affinities. Tropical and arboreal squirrels evolved predominantly in the warm intervals, while terrestrial and cold‐adapted squirrels radiated in the cold intervals.Our findings suggest that, while global climatic shifts are key for the speciation processes in mammalian lineages, lineage‐specific ecological adaptations are critical modulators of the responses of lineages to such environmental shifts, in an interplay that ultimately affects their diversification patterns.
Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies
Authors: Hensley Nicholai M. , Ellis Emily A. , Leung Nicole Y. , Coupart John , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Taketa Daryl A. , Tessler Michael , Gruber David F. , De Tomaso Anthony W. , Mitani Yasuo , Rivers Trevor J. , Gerrish Gretchen A. , Torres Elizabeth , Oakley Todd H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a trait that varies dramatically across a radiation of species provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we begin to explore how diversification of bioluminescent signals across species of cypridinid ostracods (“sea fireflies”) was influenced by evolution of a single gene, cypridinid‐luciferase. In addition to emission spectra (“colour”) of bioluminescence from 21 cypridinid species, we report 13 new c‐luciferase genes from de novo transcriptomes, including in vitro assays to confirm function of four of those genes. Our comparative analyses suggest some amino acid sites in c‐luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection and may be associated with changes in both enzyme kinetics and colour, two enzymatic functions that directly impact the phenotype of bioluminescent signals. The analyses also suggest multiple other amino acid positions in c‐luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, and may have impacted the variation of colour of bioluminescent signals across genera. Previous mutagenesis studies at candidate sites show epistatic interactions, which could constrain the evolution of c‐luciferase function. This work provides important steps toward understanding the genetic basis of diversification of behavioural signals across multiple species, suggesting different evolutionary processes act at different times during a radiation of species. These results set the stage for additional mutagenesis studies that could explicitly link selection, drift, and constraint to the evolution of phenotypic diversification.
Blue‐light perception by epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae drives chemoreceptor expression, enabling efficient plant infection
Authors: Santamaría‐Hernando Saray , Cerna‐Vargas Jean Paul , Martínez‐García Pedro Manuel , de Francisco‐de Polanco Sofía , Nebreda Sandra , Rodríguez‐Palenzuela Pablo , Rodríguez‐Herva José Juan , López‐Solanilla Emilia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdaptation and efficient colonization of the phyllosphere are essential processes for the switch to an epiphytic stage in foliar bacterial pathogens. Here, we explore the interplay among light perception and global transcriptomic alterations in epiphytic populations of the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PsPto) following contact with tomato leaves. We found that blue‐light perception by PsPto on leaf surfaces is required for optimal colonization. Blue light triggers the activation of metabolic activity and increases the transcript levels of five chemoreceptors through the function of light oxygen voltage and BphP1 photoreceptors. The inactivation of PSPTO_1008 and PSPTO_2526 chemoreceptors causes a reduction in virulence. Our results indicate that during PsPto interaction with tomato plants, light perception, chemotaxis, and virulence are highly interwoven processes.
‘A Church that Listens’: Synodality in the Life and Mission of the Church
Authors: Marmion Declan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe long-term ecclesiological trajectory of Pope Francis is towards a synodal Church. He has chosen this topic for the next World Synod of Bishops in 2022. Though a key theme of his pontificate, synodality is a contested notion. In 2018 the International Theological Commission (ITC) published its reflections on synodality in the life and mission of the Church. This article traces the understanding of synodality in the ITC document, offers an appraisal, and looks at some of the challenges facing Francis’ synodal project.