bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Novel Torch Type on Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Cold Metal Transfer Brazed Joints
Authors: Singh Jaivindra , Arora Kanwer Singh , Shajan Nikhil , Shome Mahadev , Shukla Dinesh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to braze interstitial free (IF) steel by using novel Braze+ and conventional Robacta torches with the aid of CuAl8 filler wire for a range of heat input 72–250 J/mm. Results showed that focused/denser arc and smaller arc action range, i.e., lower heat loss in the case of Braze+ torch resulted in better wettability, thicker intermetallic layer at the interface of deposited bead-steel, and higher dispersive phase fraction in the bead compared to Robacta torch which ultimately contributed to the evolution of mechanical properties of brazed joints. Furthermore, wettability, thickness of intermetallic layer and fraction of dispersive phases increased with the heat input due to increased deposition rate per unit time, availability of reacting atoms near the interface, and melting of base metal, respectively. Hardness variation of the brazed joints revealed that base metal was prone to failure due to comparatively higher hardness as well as improved resistance to failure of HAZ (due to the formation of acicular ferrite) and deposited bead (due to dispersion hardening). In addition, Fe, Al, and Cu were the main constituents of intermetallic layer and dispersive phases in the bead. IMC layer was harder in the case of Braze+ torch due to comparatively higher Fe content. Two modes of failure namely interface (brittle features) and base metal (ductile features) were observed during shear-tensile testing.
An Alternate Approach to SHPB Tests to Compute Johnson-Cook Material Model Constants for 97 WHA at High Strain Rates and Elevated Temperatures Using Machining Tests
Authors: Sagar Chithajalu Kiran , Priyadarshini Amrita , Gupta Amit Kumar , Kumar Tarun , Saxena Shreya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith advances in computational techniques, numerical methods such as finite element method (FEM) are gaining much of the popularity for analysis as these substitute the expensive trial and error experimental techniques to a great extent. Consequently, selection of suitable material models and determination of precise material model constants are one of the prime concerns in FEM. This paper presents a methodology to determine the Johnson-Cook constitutive equation constants (JC constants) of 97 W Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) under high strain rate conditions using machining tests in conjunction with Oxley’s predictive model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Currently, availability of the high strain rate data for 97 WHA are limited and consequently, JC constants for the same are not readily available. The overall methodology includes determination of three sets of JC constants, namely, M1 and M2 from the Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test data available in literature by using conventional optimization technique and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, respectively. However, M3 is determined from machining tests using inverse identification method. To validate the identified JC constants, machining outputs (cutting forces, temperature, and shear strain) are predicted using finite element (FE) model by considering M1, M2, and M3 as input under different cutting conditions and then validated with corresponding experimental values. The predicted outputs obtained using JC constants M3 closely matched with that of the experimental ones with error percentage well within 10%.
Toward a complete estimate of physical and psychosocial morbidity from prolonged obstructed labour: a modelling study based on clinician survey
Authors: Roa Lina , Caddell Luke , Ganyaglo Gabriel , Tripathi Vandana , Huda Nazmul , Romanzi Lauri , Alkire Blake C 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionProlonged obstructed labour often results from lack of access to timely obstetrical care and affects millions of women. Current burden of disease estimates do not include all the physical and psychosocial sequelae from prolonged obstructed labour. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the full spectrum of maternal and newborn comorbidities, and create a more comprehensive burden of disease model.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey of clinicians and epidemiological modelling of the burden of disease. A survey to estimate prevalence of prolonged obstructed labour comorbidities was developed for prevalence estimates of 27 comorbidities across seven categories associated with prolonged obstructed labour. The survey was electronically distributed to clinicians caring for women who have suffered from prolonged obstructed labour in Asia and Africa. Prevalence estimates of the sequelae were used to calculate years lost to disability for reproductive age women (15 to 49 years) in 54 low- and middle-income countries that report any prevalence of obstetric fistula.ResultsPrevalence estimates were obtained from 132 participants. The median prevalence of reported sequelae within each category were: fistula (6.67% to 23.98%), pelvic floor (6.53% to 8.60%), genitourinary (5.74% to 9.57%), musculoskeletal (6.04% to 11.28%), infectious/inflammatory (5.33% to 9.62%), psychological (7.25% to 24.10%), neonatal (13.63% to 66.41%) and social (38.54% to 59.88%). The expanded methodology calculated a burden of morbidity associated with prolonged obstructed labour among women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in 2017 that is 38% more than the previous estimates.ConclusionsThis analysis provides estimates on the prevalence of physical and psychosocial consequences of prolonged obstructed labour. Our study suggests that the burden of disease resulting from prolonged obstructed labour is currently underestimated. Notably, women who suffer from prolonged obstructed labour have a high prevalence of psychosocial sequelae but these are often not included in burden of disease estimates. In addition to preventative and public health measures, high quality surgical and anaesthesia care are urgently needed to prevent prolonged obstructed labour and its sequelae.
Control of three gastrointestinal illness outbreaks in a British Role 1 facility in Afghanistan: a primary care perspective
Authors: Makin Seth , Hudson L , Robinson R , Riley M R , Murphy D 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIn 2019, Camp Qargha (QAA), a British-led multinational military camp in Kabul, had three of the largest outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness (GI) experienced by the British Military since 2003. This paper discusses the incidence, the response of the British-led Role 1 (R1) medical treatment facility, identifies potential causative and exacerbating factors, and explains the control measures initiated.MethodGI in QAA results in local and UK military-wide data collection including in the form of local GI questionnaires, FMed85 forms and EpiNATO returns. The data from these was used to identify trends during and after outbreaks and produce environmental health (EH) and local outbreak reports.ResultsOverall, among the outbreaks 56% of stool samples tested positive for norovirus. In each outbreak incidence peaked within the first 3 days, and hardened multiperson rooms were worst affected. 206 patient presentations occurred during the three outbreaks, 706 working days were lost in isolation, with QAA shut down while in quarantine for 27 days.DiscussionSignificant strain was placed on QAA and the R1. Causative factors may include close interaction with the local national (LN) population, a high population density and accommodation being limited by specific national infrastructure protocols in an operational environment.ConclusionEarly recognition of GI, positive standard operating procedures and good hygiene habits are essential to prevent the spread of GI such as norovirus. An early awareness of LN population illness patterns will allow the R1 and command to be better prepared for outbreaks in the future.
Protocol for a phase IV, open-label feasibility study investigating non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis in people living with HIV-1 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease randomised to receiving optimised background therapy (OBT) plus maraviroc or OBT alone
Authors: Bradshaw Daniel , Gilleece Yvonne , Verma Sumita , Abramowicz Iga , Bremner Stephen , Perry Nicky 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAt least 30% of people living with HIV (PLWH) infection have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has now become a leading cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Management is based largely on lifestyle modifications, which are difficult to achieve, and therapeutic options are urgently needed. Maraviroc (MVC), through antagonism of CCR5 receptors, may reduce hepatic fibrosis progression and could be an effective treatment for NAFLD. However, dosing is usually two times per day, unlike most currently recommended antiretroviral therapies. This study will investigate the feasibility and acceptability of addition of MVC to combination antiretroviral therapy in PLWH and NAFLD as a treatment for NAFLD.Methods and analysisThis is a phase IV, randomised, open-label, non-invasive feasibility study. Sixty individuals with well-controlled HIV-1 and NAFLD will be recruited from UK HIV clinics and randomised 1:1 to receive either optimised background therapy (OBT) plus MVC or OBT alone. Follow-up will be every 24 weeks for 96 weeks. The primary outcome measures will include recruitment and retention rates, adverse events and adherence. Secondary outcomes will include changes in markers of hepatic fibrosis, including the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score, median liver stiffness measurement and controlled attenuation parameter scores on Fibroscan, and quality of life assessments. Analyses will be performed according to intention-to-treat principles. For secondary outcomes, estimated differences and 95% CIs between the groups using a t-method will be presented for continuous variables and as exact 95% binomial CIs for categorical variables.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained through the London Dulwich UK Research Ethics Committee (reference 17/LO/2093). Results will be disseminated both through community groups and peer-reviewed scientific literature.Trial registration numberSRCTN31461655. EudraCT number 2017-004141-24; Pre-results.
Uptake and patient and provider communication modality preferences of virtual visits in primary care: a retrospective cohort study in Canada
Authors: Stamenova Vess , Agarwal Payal , Kelley Leah , Fujioka Jamie , Nguyen Megan , Phung Michelle , Wong Ivy , Onabajo Nike , Bhatia R Sacha , Bhattacharyya Onil 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the uptake of a platform for virtual visits in primary care, examine patient and physician preferences for virtual communication methods and report on characteristics of visits and patients experience of care.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care practices within five regions in Ontario, Canada after 18 months of access to virtual care services.Participants326 primary care providers and 14 291 registered patients.InterventionsProviders used a platform that allowed them to connect with their patients through synchronous (audio/video) and/or asynchronous (secure messaging) communication.Main outcome measuresUser-level data from the platforms including patient demographics, practice characteristics, communication modality used, visit characteristics and patients’ satisfaction.ResultsAmong the participants, 44% of registered patients and 60% of registered providers used the platform at least once. Among patient users, 51% completed at least one virtual visit. The majority of virtual visits (94%) involved secure messaging. The most common patient requests were for medication prescriptions (24%) and follow-up from previous appointment (22%). The most common provider request was to follow-up on test results (59%). Providers indicated that 81% of virtual visits required no follow-up for that issue and 99% of patients reported that they would use virtual care services again.ConclusionsWhile there are a growing number of primary care video visit services, our study found that both patients and providers in rostered practices prefer secure messaging over video. Despite fears that virtual visits would be overused by patients, when patients connected with their own primary care provider, many virtual visits appeared to replace in-person visits, and patients did not overwhelm physicians with requests. This approach may improve access and continuity in primary care.
Detection of intracranial hypertension in children using optical coherence tomography: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R , Jeelani Noor ul Owase , McLean Rebecca J 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIntracranial hypertension (ICH) in children can have deleterious effects on the brain and vision. It is notoriously difficult to estimate intracranial pressure (ICP) in children and existing methods deliver suboptimal diagnostic accuracy to be used as screening tools. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) may represent a valuable, non-invasive surrogate measure of ICP, as has been demonstrated in a number of associated conditions affecting adults. More recently, OCT has been employed within the paediatric age group. However, the role of OCT in detecting ICH in children has not been rigorously assessed in a systematic review for all relevant conditions. Here, we propose a systematic review protocol to examine the role of OCT in the detection of ICH in children.Methods and analysisElectronic searches in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed will identify studies featuring OCT in detecting ICH in children. Two independent screeners will identify studies for inclusion using a screening questionnaire. The systematic search and screening will take place between 2 April 2020 and 1 June 2020, while we aim to complete data analysis by 1 September 2020. Quality assessment will be performed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity and specificity of OCT in detecting ICH in children. Secondary outcomes measures include conditions associated with ICH per study, direct ICP monitoring, sensitivity and specificity of other measures for ICP and OCT parameters used.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for the proposed systematic review as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journal publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019154254.
Immediate parent-infant skin-to-skin study (IPISTOSS): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial on very preterm infants cared for in skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth and potential physiological, epigenetic, psychological and neurodevelopmental consequences
Authors: Linnér Agnes , Westrup Björn , Lode-Kolz Karoline , Klemming Stina , Lillieskold Siri , Markhus Pike Hanne , Morgan Barak , Bergman Nils Johannes , Rettedal Siren , Jonas Wibke 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIn Scandinavia, 6% of infants are born preterm, before 37 gestational weeks. Instead of continuing in the in-utero environment, maturation needs to occur in a neonatal unit with support of vital functions, separated from the mother’s warmth, nutrition and other benefits. Preterm infants face health and neurodevelopment challenges that may also affect the family and society at large. There is evidence of benefit from immediate and continued skin-to-skin contact (SSC) for term and moderately preterm infants and their parents but there is a knowledge gap on its effect on unstable very preterm infants when initiated immediately after birth.Methods and analysisIn this ongoing randomised controlled trial from Stavanger, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden, we are studying 150 infants born at 28+0 to 32+6 gestational weeks, randomised to receive care immediately after birth in SSC with a parent or conventionally in an incubator. The primary outcome is cardiorespiratory stability according to the stability of the cardiorespiratory system in the preterm score. Secondary outcomes are autonomic stability, thermal control, infection control, SSC time, breastfeeding and growth, epigenetic profile, microbiome profile, infant behaviour, stress resilience, sleep integrity, cortical maturation, neurodevelopment, mother-infant attachment and attunement, and parent experience and mental health.Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethical approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2017/1135-31/3, 2019–03361) and the Norwegian Regional Ethical Committee (2015/889). The study is conducted according to good clinical practice and the Helsinki declaration. The results of the study will increase the knowledge about the mechanisms behind the effects of SSC for very preterm infants by dissemination to the scientific community through articles and at conferences, and to the society through parenting classes and magazines.Study statusRecruiting since April 2018. Expected trial termination June 2021.Trial registration numberNCT03521310 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Surgical management of a lateral luxation of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle using an autologous fascia lata graft
Authors: Cox Thomas , Humphreys William , Tomlinson Andrew 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYAn 18‐month‐old, 23‐kg, neutered male Staffordshire bull terrier was presented with acute left pelvic limb lameness. There was marked swelling at the level of the tuber calcanei, and lateral luxation of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle (TSDFM) was palpable. Surgical correction included replacement of the TSDFM before apposition of the retinacular tissues. An autologous fascia lata graft was harvested from the ipsilateral limb and sutured over the primary suture line as augmentation. A modified Robert‐Jones bandage with caudally positioned splint was placed for 12 days, and 5‐minute lead exercise was started after 6 weeks. At 10 and 14 weeks postoperatively, the dog was exercising without evidence of lameness or clinical signs. Subjective grading by the attending veterinary surgeon (European College of Veterinary Surgeons boarded surgeon) revealed no lameness at either time point (Visual Analogue Scale score of 0/10). A clinical metrology questionnaire revealed normal mobility (Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs Questionnaire score of 3).
Radiative cooling of carbon cluster anions C2n+1− (n = 3–5)
Authors: Stockett Mark H. , Bull James N. , Buntine Jack T. , Carrascosa Eduardo , Anderson Emma K. , Gatchell Michael , Kaminska Magdalena , Nascimento Rodrigo F. , Cederquist Henrik , Schmidt Henning T. , Zettergren Henning 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Radiative cooling of carbon cluster anions C2n+1− (n = 3–5) is investigated using the cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring DESIREE. Two different strategies are applied to infer infrared emission on slow (milliseconds to seconds) and ultraslow (seconds to minutes) timescales. Initial cooling of the ions over the millisecond timescale is probed indirectly by monitoring the decay in the yield of spontaneous neutralization by thermionic emission. The observed cooling rates are consistent with a statistical model of thermionic electron emission in competition with infrared photon emission due to vibrational de-excitation. Slower cooling over the seconds to minutes timescale associated with infrared emission from low-frequency vibrational modes is probed using time-dependent action spectroscopy. For C9− and C11−, cooling is evidenced by the time-evolution of the yield of photo-induced neutralization following resonant excitation of electronic transitions near the detachment threshold. The cross-section for resonant photo-excitation is at least two orders of magnitude greater than for direct photodetachment. In contrast, C7− lacks electronic transitions near the detachment threshold.

Graphical abstract
Contextual Anomaly Detection in Solder Paste Inspection with Multi-Task Learning
Authors: Zheng Zimu , Pu Jie , Liu Linghui , Wang Dan , Mei Xiangming , Zhang Sen , Dai Quanyu 
Published: July 2020

In this article, we study solder paste inspection (SPI), an important stage that is used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, where abnormal boards should be detected. A highly accurate SPI can substantially reduce human expert involvement, as well as reduce the waste in disposing of the boards in good condition. A key difference today is that because of increasing demand in board customization, the number of board types increases substantially and quantity of the boards produced in each type decreases. Thus, the previous approaches where a fine-tuned model is developed for each board type are no longer viable.
Intrinsically, our problem is an anomaly detection problem. A major specialty in today’s SPI is that the target tasks for prediction cannot be fully pre-determined due to context changes during the solder paste printing stage. Our experiences show that a conventional approach to first define a set of tasks and train these tasks offline will lead to low accuracy. Here, we propose a novel multi-task approach, where the performance of all target tasks is ensured simultaneously. We note that the SPI process is streamlined and automatic, allowing the SPI time for only a few seconds. We propose a fast clustering algorithm that reuses existing models to avoid retraining and fine tune in the inference phase. We evaluate our approach using 3-month data collected from production lines. We show that we can reduce 81.28% of false alarms. This can translate to annual savings of $11.3 million.