bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmotic adjustment and hormonal regulation of stomatal responses to vapour pressure deficit in sunflower
Authors: Cardoso Amanda A , Brodribb Timothy J , Kane Cade N , DaMatta Fábio M , McAdam Scott A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dynamic variation of the stomatal pore in response to changes in leaf–air vapour pressure difference (VPD) constitutes a critical regulation of daytime gas exchange. The stomatal response to VPD has been associated with both foliage abscisic acid (ABA) and leaf water potential (Ψ l); however, causation remains a matter of debate. Here, we seek to separate hydraulic and hormonal control of stomatal aperture by manipulating the osmotic potential of sunflower leaves. In addition, we test whether stomatal responses to VPD in an ABA-deficient mutant (w-1) of sunflower are similar to the wild type. Stomatal apertures during VPD transitions were closely linked with foliage ABA levels in sunflower plants with contrasting osmotic potentials. In addition, we observed that the inability to synthesize ABA at high VPD in w-1 plants was associated with no dynamic or steady-state stomatal response to VPD. These results for sunflower are consistent with a hormonal, ABA-mediated stomatal responses to VPD rather than a hydraulic-driven stomatal response to VPD.
Towards a roadmap to advance non-hormonal contraceptive multipurpose prevention technologies: strategic insights from key stakeholders†
Authors: Hemmerling Anke , Christopher Emily , Young Holt Bethany 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of non-hormonal contraceptives is critical to increase options for women. In combination with prevention against sexually transmitted infections, they can become an important component of multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) which address multiple reproductive health needs with a single product. Resulting from multiple rounds of expert consultations, this framework aims to guide the development of non-hormonal contraceptive MPTs. Key informant interviews with experts in family planning and HIV and STI prevention and MPT product developers and funders from around the globe were conducted, reviewed, and coded. Identified key themes were discussed by experts at the November 2019 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Contraceptive Development Meeting in Houston, Texas. Seven action strategies were identified to address key research gaps and priorities for advancing the field. They highlight the importance of identifying target populations, a systematic approach to collaborative research, and leveraging knowledge from other fields, including regulatory and patenting, manufacturing, and commercialization expertise. Employing expanded target product profiles and setting go/no-go decisions for non-hormonal MPTs will help to prioritize the most promising candidates in the drug development pipeline. Further, they call for optimizing investments and engagement of stakeholders from public and private sectors. These action strategies aim to facilitate collaboration and innovation amongst multidisciplinary MPT stakeholders. Paramount to success will be enhancing strategic alliances and reconciling the essential social–behavioral context and market forces that drive product use with the complexities of research and development, regulatory approval, and commercialization.
Classification using fractional anisotropy predicts conversion in genetic frontotemporal dementia, a proof of concept
Authors: Feis Rogier A , van der Grond Jeroen , Bouts Mark J R J , Panman Jessica L , Poos Jackie M , Schouten Tijn M , de Vos Frank , Jiskoot Lize C , Dopper Elise G P , van Buchem Mark A , van Swieten John C , Rombouts Serge A R B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a highly heritable and devastating neurodegenerative disease. About 10–20% of all frontotemporal dementia is caused by known pathogenic mutations, but a reliable tool to predict clinical conversion in mutation carriers is lacking. In this retrospective proof-of-concept case-control study, we investigate whether MRI-based and cognition-based classifiers can predict which mutation carriers from genetic frontotemporal dementia families will develop symptoms (‘convert’) within 4 years. From genetic frontotemporal dementia families, we included 42 presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia mutation carriers. We acquired anatomical, diffusion-weighted imaging, and resting-state functional MRI, as well as neuropsychological data. After 4 years, seven mutation carriers had converted to frontotemporal dementia (‘converters’), while 35 had not (‘non-converters’). We trained regularized logistic regression models on baseline MRI and cognitive data to predict conversion to frontotemporal dementia within 4 years, and quantified prediction performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. The prediction model based on fractional anisotropy, with highest contribution of the forceps minor, predicted conversion to frontotemporal dementia beyond chance level (0.81 area under the curve, family-wise error corrected P = 0.025 versus chance level). Other MRI-based and cognitive features did not outperform chance level. Even in a small sample, fractional anisotropy predicted conversion in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia mutation carriers beyond chance level. After validation in larger data sets, conversion prediction in genetic frontotemporal dementia may facilitate early recruitment into clinical trials.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Noninferiority Trial Evaluating Anti-Rabies Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail (TwinrabTM) Against Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG)
Authors: Kansagra Kevinkumar , Parmar Deven , Mendiratta Sanjeev Kumar , Patel Jatin , Joshi Shuchi , Sharma Nitin , Parihar Anurag , Bhoge Swapnil , Patel Harilal , Kalita Pankaj , Munshi Renuka , Kurmi Prakash , Shah Ruchir , Gupta Abhishek , Bhalla HiraLal , Bekkalele Harish , Verma RajendraKumar , Agarwal Dinesh , Sharma Shrikant , Gawande Avinash , Chhaya Gaurav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited supply, cost and potential for severe adverse effects observed with the blood derived rabies immunoglobulin products has led to search for alternative therapies. This issue has been addressed by developing an anti-rabies monoclonal antibody cocktail.MethodsThis is a phase 3, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial conducted in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) category III exposure with suspected rabid animal. Eligible patients were assigned to either the test arm, TwinrabTM (docaravimab and miromavimab) or the reference arm, human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG; Imogam® Rabies-HT), in a ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint was the comparison of responder rates between the 2 arms assessed as percentage of those with rabies virus neutralizing antibodies titers ≥0.5 IU/mL on day 14.ResultsA total of 308 patients were equally randomized into the 2 arms. In the per-protocol (PP) population, there were 90.21% responders in the TwinrabTM arm and 94.37% in the HRIG arm. The geometric mean of rapid fluorescent foci inhibition test titers in the PP on day 14 were 4.38 and 4.85 IU/mL, for the TwinrabTM and HRIG arms, respectively. There were no deaths or serious adverse events reported.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that TwinrabTM is noninferior to HRIG in terms of providing an unbroken window of protection up to day 84. This trial in healthy adults with WHO category III exposure from suspected rabid animal also establishes the safety of TwinrabTM in patients with 1 WHO approved vaccine regimen (Essen).Clinical Trials RegistrationCTRI/2017/07/009038.
Frequency and Determinant Factors for Calcification in Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Bustos Javier A , Arroyo Gianfranco , Gilman Robert H , Soto-Becerra Percy , Gonzales Isidro , Saavedra Herbert , Pretell E Javier , Nash Theodore E , O’Neal Seth E , Del Brutto Oscar H , Gonzalez Armando E , Garcia Hector H ,   The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Neurocysticercosis is a major cause of acquired epilepsy. Larval cysts in the human brain eventually resolve and either disappear or leave a calcification that is associated with seizures. In this study, we assessed the proportion of calcification in parenchymal neurocysticercosis and risk factors associated with calcification.

Methods
Data for 220 patients with parenchymal NCC from 3 trials of antiparasitic treatment were assessed to determine what proportion of the cysts that resolved 6 months after treatment ended up in a residual calcification at 1 year. Also, we evaluated the risk factors associated with calcification.

Results
The overall proportion of calcification was 38% (188/497 cysts, from 147 patients). Predictors for calcification at the cyst level were cysts larger than 14 mm (risk ratio [RR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.75) and cysts with edema at baseline (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05–1.85). At the patient level, having had more than 24 months with seizures (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08–1.46), mild antibody response (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.002–1.27), increased dose albendazole regime (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14–1.39), lower doses of dexamethasone (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02–1.81), not receiving early antiparasitic retreatment (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08–1.93), or complete cure (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.29–1.71) were associated with a increased risk of calcification.

Conclusions
Approximately 38% of parenchymal cysts calcify after antiparasitic treatment. Some factors associated with calcification are modifiable and may be considered to decrease or avoid calcification, potentially decreasing the risk for seizure relapses.
Algorithms Based on Path Contraction Carrying Weights for Enumerating Subtrees of Tricyclic Graphs
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Beifang , Zhang Guoping , Li Yongming , Sun Daoqiang , Liu Hongbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The subtree number index of a graph, defined as the number of subtrees, attracts much attention recently. Finding a proper algorithm to compute this index is an important but difficult problem for a general graph. Even for unicyclic and bicyclic graphs, it is not completely trivial, though it can be figured out by try and error. However, it is complicated for tricyclic graphs. This paper proposes path contraction carrying weights (PCCWs) algorithms to compute the subtree number index for the nontrivial case of bicyclic graphs and all 15 cases of tricyclic graphs, based on three techniques: PCCWs, generating function and structural decomposition. Our approach provides a foundation and useful methods to compute subtree number index for graphs with more complicated cycle structures and can be applied to investigate the novel structural property of some important nanomaterials such as the pentagonal carbon nanocone.
Effective Link Prediction with Topological and Temporal Information using Wavelet Neural Network Embedding
Authors: Mo Xian , Pang Jun , Liu Zhiming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTemporal networks are networks that edges evolve over time, hence link prediction in temporal networks aims at inferring new edges based on a sequence of network snapshots. In this paper, we propose a graph wavelet neural network (TT-GWNN) framework using topological and temporal features for link prediction in temporal networks. To capture topological and temporal features, we develope a second-order weighted random walk sampling algorithm. It combines network snapshots with both first-order and second-order weights into one weighted graph. Moreover, it incorporates a damping factor to assign greater weights to more recent snapshots. Next, we adopt graph wavelet neural networks to embed the vertices and use gated recurrent units for predicting new links. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TT-GWNN can effectively predict links on temporal networks.
Biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator device placement in patients with hostile tricuspid valve anatomy: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Maskoun Waddah , Raad Mohamad , Khan Arfaat , Mando Ramy , Homsi Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Right ventricular (RV) lead placement can be contraindicated in patients after tricuspid valve (TV) surgery. Placement of the implantable cardiac-defibrillator (ICD) lead in the middle cardiac vein (MCV) can be a viable option in these patients who have an indication for biventricular (BiV) ICD. We aim to describe the case of two patients with MCV lead placement and provide a comprehensive review of patients with complex TV pathology and indications for RV lead placement.

Methods and results
We describe the cases of two patients with TV pathology unsuitable for the standard transvenous or surgical RV lead placement and undergoing BiV ICD implantation. Their characteristics, procedure, and outcomes are summarized. The BiV ICD was successfully placed with the RV lead positioned in the MCV in both patients. The procedures had no complications and were well-tolerated. On follow-up, both patients had appropriate tachytherapy with no readmissions for heart failure or worsening of cardiac function.

Conclusion
Right ventricular lead placement of BiV ICD in the MCV can be an excellent alternative in patients with significant TV pathology and poor surgical candidacy.
Early outcomes of hybrid type II arch repair versus total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Liu Yanxiang , Liang Shenghua , Zhang Bowen , Li Yunfeng , Wang Lucheng , Dun Yaojun , Chen Zujun , Shi Yi , Guo Hongwei , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of hybrid type II arch repair (HAR) and total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (TAR with FET) for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection patients.

METHODS
From January 2017 to June 2019, the clinical data of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection patients in a single centre were retrospectively reviewed; there were 92 cases of HAR and 268 cases of TAR with FET, with 56 pairs by propensity score matching.

RESULTS
After matching, the composite end points including 30-day mortality, stroke, paraplegia, renal failure, hepatic failure, reintubation or tracheotomy and low cardiac output syndrome were comparable (21.4%, 12/56 in the HAR group vs 21.4%, 12/56 in the TAR with FET group, P = 1.000). The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly lower in the HAR group (58.9%, 33/56 vs 80.4%, 45/56, P = 0.031). The distribution of AKI stage according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria was different (P = 0.039), with more patients suffering from high-grade AKI in the TAR with FET group. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that the procedure type (HAR or TAR with FET) was not an independent predictor of composite adverse events or stroke. HAR was identified as a protective factor against AKI (odds ratio 0.485, 95% confidence interval 0.287–0.822; P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
In the treatment of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, no significant differences were found in early outcomes between the 2 groups, but HAR was associated with a significantly lower incidence of AKI.
Pulmonary Arterial Enlargement in Well-Treated Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Knudsen Andreas D , Ronit Andreas , Kristensen Thomas , Thomsen Magda Teresa , Lebech Anne-Mette , Cuong Michael Huy , Sigvardsen Per Ejlstrup , Kühl Jørgen Tobias , Fuchs Andreas , Køber Lars , Lundgren Jens , Vestbo Jørgen , Kofoed Klaus F , Nielsen Susanne D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary artery enlargement is a marker of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to determine the proportion with pulmonary artery enlargement among well-treated persons with human immunodeficiency virus HIV (PWH) and uninfected controls.

Methods
PWH with a chest computed tomography were included from the ongoing Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Age and sex-matched uninfected controls were recruited from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Pulmonary artery enlargement was defined as a ratio of &gt;1 between the diameter of the main pulmonary artery (at the level of its bifurcation) and the diameter of the ascending aorta.

Results
In total, 900 PWH were included, and 44 (5%) had a pulmonary artery–aorta ratio (PA:A) &gt;1. After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–10.65; P = .001) and injection drug use (IDU) (4.90; 1.00–18.46; P = .03) were associated with higher odds of having a PA:A &gt;1, and pulmonary indices and smoking status were not. HIV seropositivity was borderline associated with a PA:A &gt;1 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, .92–3.85; P = .08).

Conclusions
A PA:A &gt;1 was common in PWH. Obesity and IDU were independently associated with this finding and HIV serostatus was borderline associated with it, but HIV-related factors were not. Increased awareness may be appropriate in obese PWH and those with IDU.
Challenges of Discrepant HIV Tests in Pregnant Women in the PrEP era—to Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Wagner Anjuli D , Kinuthia John , Dettinger Julia , Mwongeli Nancy , Gómez Laurén , Watoyi Salphine , Drake Alison L , Abuna Felix , Pintye Jillian , Ochieng Ben , Odinga Daniel , John-Stewart Grace , Baeten Jared M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
During HIV retesting in antenatal and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care, discrepant results occur, but guidelines are lacking.

Methods
In a Kenyan trial implementing antenatal PrEP, if 1 test is reactive, a second is performed; if discrepant, both are repeated; if persistently discrepant, DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed.

Results
Among 4451 women, 23 265 HIV retesting sessions were performed; 14 (0.06%, 95% confidence interval, 0.03%–0.10%) had discrepant results among 10 individuals; in all 10 initial cases, PCR was negative.

Conclusions
Discrepant rapid tests are an expected, rare, and important challenge for antenatal care HIV retesting, with and without PrEP.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03070600.
The Remains of the Day: The International Economic Order in the Era of Disintegration*
Authors: Montanaro Francesco , Violi Federica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The last two decades of the XX century have been marked by a vigorous acceleration of international economic integration both at a global and regional level. States accepted pervasive constraints on their national decision-making in the hope that stability and predictability would favor economic growth. This model of international economic integration, however, has recently shown worrying signs of ‘disintegration’. Disintegration manifests itself both as disintegration of the international legal regimes which compose the international economic order; and disintegration through law, namely the social, economic and environmental disintegration phenomena, triggered or at least facilitated by these regimes. Relying on the paradox integration/disintegration as an analytical framework, this article draws a blueprint of the various disintegration phenomena, which are further analyzed in the individual contributions to this Special Issue. It seeks to identify a relationship between the two dimensions of disintegration and detect possible correlation patterns. Last, after engaging with the different normative alternatives put forward by the contributors, it concludes by calling for a rethinking of the traditional approach to international economic integration. This reconceptualization should be premised on the full realization that the current model entails a great deal of environmental and social ‘hidden costs’.
Between a rock and a hard place: retained appendicolith causing a mechanical small bowel obstruction
Authors: Sagkriotis Ioannis , Habib Zain , Zardab Mohammed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Here we report an unusual case of small bowel obstruction, preluded by an unremarkable presentation of appendicitis. The small bowel obstruction subsequently diagnosed involved deposition of an appendicolith within the small bowel. Radiographic features of this incident are discussed along with its pathomechanics. Surgical management was carried out and is detailed along with advice for the management of retained appendicolith.
Masses of the components of SB2 binaries observed with Gaia – V. Accurate SB2 orbits for 10 binaries and masses of the components of 5 binaries
Authors: Halbwachs J-L , Kiefer F , Lebreton Y , Boffin H M J , Arenou F , Le Bouquin J-B , Famaey B , Pourbaix D , Guillout P , Salomon J-B , Mazeh T 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s) are one of the main sources of stellar masses, as additional observations are only needed to give the inclinations of the orbital planes in order to obtain the individual masses of the components. For this reason, we are observing a selection of SB2s using the SOPHIE spectrograph at the Haute-Provence observatory in order to precisely determine their orbital elements. Our objective is to finally obtain masses with an accuracy of the order of one per cent by combining our radial velocity (RV) measurements and the astrometric measurements that will come from the Gaia satellite. We present here the RVs and the re-determined orbits of 10 SB2s. In order to verify the masses, we will derive from Gaia, we obtained interferometric measurements of the ESO VLTI for one of these SB2s. Adding the interferometric or speckle measurements already published by us or by others for four other stars, we finally obtain the masses of the components of five binary stars, with masses ranging from 0.51 to 2.2 solar masses, including main-sequence dwarfs and some more evolved stars whose location in the HR diagram has been estimated.
Blue straggler populations of seven open clusters with Gaia DR2
Authors: Vaidya Kaushar , Rao Khushboo K , Agarwal Manan , Bhattacharya Souradeep 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Blue straggler stars (BSS) are well studied in globular clusters but their systematic study with secure membership determination is lacking in open clusters. We use Gaia DR2 data to determine accurate stellar membership for four intermediate-age open clusters, namely Melotte 66, NGC 2158, NGC 2506, and NGC 6819, and three old open clusters, namely, Berkeley 39, NGC 188, and NGC 6791, to subsequently study their BSS populations. The BSS radial distributions of five clusters, namely Melotte 66, NGC 188, NGC 2158, NGC 2506, and NGC 6791, show bimodal distributions, placing them with Family II globular clusters that are of intermediate dynamical ages. The location of minima, rmin, in the bimodal BSS radial distributions, varies from 1.5rc to 4.0rc, where rc is the core radius of the clusters. We find a positive correlation between rmin and Nrelax, the ratio of cluster age to the current central relaxation time of the cluster. We further report that this correlation is consistent in its slope, within the errors, with the slope of the globular cluster correlation between the same quantities, but with a slightly higher intercept. This is the first example in open clusters that shows BSS radial distributions as efficient probes of dynamical age. The BSS radial distributions of the remaining two clusters, Berkeley 39 and NGC 6819, are flat. The estimated Nrelax values of these two clusters, however, indicate that they are dynamically evolved. Berkeley 39 especially has its entire BSS population completely segregated to the inner regions of the cluster.