bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social media use and ethics violations: Nurses’ responses to hypothetical cases
Authors: Demiray A. , Çakar M. , Açil A. , Ilaslan N. , Savas Yucel T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate nurses’ ability to evaluate ethical violations to hypothetical case studies involving social media use.BackgroundInappropriate use of social media necessitates health institutes, academic institutes, nurses and educators to consider occupational ethical principles while creating a policy and guide on the usage of social media.MethodThe data were collected confidentially from the nurses working at a university hospital in Turkey, using the Personal Information Form and the Ethic Case Form. The study was carried out using descriptive and inferential analysis.FindingsAnalysis of the data showed that the majority of the nurses had received training in ethics, used WhatsApp social media application most often, spent less than an hour a day on social media platforms and used social media to follow daily posts. Analyses of the ethical case evaluations showed that nurses’ level of education and ethics training status was influential on their Case 1 evaluations and the length of time they had worked was effective in Case 2 evaluations. When Case 3 evaluations of nurses were analysed according to ethics training, statistically significant differences were found. The analyses of the Case 4 and Case 5 evaluations showed that no statistically significant differences were found according to nurses’ descriptive characteristics.ConclusionThe study determined that education level, ethical training status, the source of ethics training and the duration of their work in the profession were effective regarding the case evaluation of the nurses.Implications for nursing and health policyNursing policymakers, educators, administrators and clinicians need to cooperate in the development of ethical awareness and creation of solutions to violations, the preparation of guidelines for social media use.
In vitro human cord blood platelet lysate characterisation with potential application in wound healing
Authors: Losi Paola , Barsotti Maria C. , Foffa Ilenia , Buscemi Marianna , De Almeida Carolina V. , Fabbri Marco , Gabbriellini Sabrina , Nocchi Francesca , Ursino Silvia , Urciuoli Patrizia , Mazzoni Alessandro , Soldani Giorgio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlatelets contain abundant growth factors and cytokines that have a positive influence on the migration and proliferation of different cell types by modulating its physiopathological processes. As it is known that human umbilical cord blood platelet lysate (UCB‐PL) contains a supraphysiological concentration of growth factors, in the present study, we investigated its effectiveness in wound‐healing processes. Human UCB‐PL was obtained by the freeze/thaw of platelet concentrate (1.1 × 109 platelets/L), and its effect was evaluated on human or mouse endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes in different concentrations. Human UCB‐PL was observed to have high levels of pro‐angiogenic growth factor than peripheral blood platelet‐rich plasma. Among the cell lines, different concentrations of human UCB‐PL were necessary to influence their viability and proliferation. For L929 cells, 5% of total volume was necessary, while for human umbilical vein endothelial cell, it was 10%. Cell migration on monocytes was increased with respect to the positive control, and scratch closure on keratinocytes was increased with respect to serum‐free medium with only 10% of human UCB‐PL. We concluded that the human UCB‐PL may be useful to produce a large amount of standard platelet concentrates sufficient for several clinical‐scale expansions avoiding inter‐individual variability, which can also be used as a functional tool for clinical regenerative application for wound healing.
High temperature creep‐mediated functionality in polycrystalline barium titanate
Authors: Ren Pengrong , Höfling Marion , Koruza Jurij , Lauterbach Stefan , Jiang Xijie , Frömling Till , Khatua Dipak Kumar , Dietz Christian , Porz Lukas , Ranjan Rajeev , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDislocations in oxides can be described as charged line defects and means for one‐dimensional doping, which can tune electrical and thermal properties. Furthermore, theoretically it was shown that dislocations can pin ferroelectric domain walls. Broader application of this concept hinges on the development of a methodology to avail this approach to polycrystalline ceramics. To this end, we use different creep mechanisms as a method to introduce multidimensional defects and quantify structural changes. A deformation map for fine‐grained barium titanate is provided and the influences of the defects and creep regimes are correlated in this first study to modifications of electrical conductivity, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. A plastic deformation of 1.29% resulted in an increase in the Curie temperature by 5°C and a decrease in electromechanical strain by 30%, pointing toward electromechanical hardening by dislocations.
Size‐induced grain boundary energy increase may cause softening of nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Bokov Arseniy , Rodrigues Neto Joao B. , Lin Feng , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn increase in hardness with reducing grain sizes is commonly observed in oxide ceramics in particular for grain sizes below 100 nm. The inverse behavior, meaning a decrease in hardness below a critically small grain size, may also exist consistently with observations in metal alloys, but the causing mechanisms in ceramics are still under debate. Here we report direct thermodynamic data on grain boundary energies as a function of grain size that suggest that the inverse relation is intimately related to a size‐induced increase in the excess energies. Microcalorimetry combined with nano and microstructural analyses reveal an increase in grain boundary excess energy in yttria‐stabilized zirconia (10YSZ) when grain sizes are below 36 nm. The onset of the energy increase coincides with the observed decrease in Vickers indentation hardness. Since grain boundary energy is an excess energy related to boundary strength/stability, the results suggest that softening is driven by the activation of grain boundary mediated processes facilitated by the relatively weakened boundaries at the ultra‐fine nanoscale which ultimately induce the formation of an energy dissipating subsurface crack network during indentation.
Blockholder leverage and payout policy: Evidence from French holding companies
Authors: Anantavrasilp Sereeparp , de Jong Abe , DeJong Douglas V. , Hege Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on dominant owners’ use of leverage to finance their blockholdings and its relationship to dividend policy. We postulate that blockholder leverage may impact payout policy, in particular when earnings are hit by a negative shock. We use panel data for France where blockholders have tax incentives to structure their leverage in pyramidal holding companies and study the effect of the financial crisis in 2008/2009. We find no difference in payout policy and financial behavior during the 1999 to 2008 period between firms with levered owners and other firms. However, in the years 2009 to 2011 following the crisis, dividend payouts increase in proportion to pyramidal debt of dominant owners. We inspect pyramidal entities individually and find that on average only 60% of dividends are passed through to the ultimate owners, with the rest predominantly used to meet debt service obligations of the pyramidal entities.
Recommendations for (Discontinuation of) Statin Treatment in Older Adults: Review of Guidelines
Authors: van der Ploeg Milly A. , Floriani Carmen , Achterberg Wilco P. , Bogaerts Jonathan M.K. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Mooijaart Simon P. , Streit Sven , Poortvliet Rosalinde K.E. , Drewes Yvonne M. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESAs a person's age increases and his/her health status declines, new challenges arise that may lead physicians to consider deprescribing statins. We aimed to provide insight into recommendations available in international cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines regarding discontinuation of statin treatment applicable to older adults.DESIGNWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, and the websites of guideline development organizations and online guideline repositories for cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines aimed at the general population. We selected all guidelines with recommendations (instructions and suggestions) on discontinuation of statin treatment applicable to older adults, published between January 2009 and April 2019. In addition, we performed a synthesis of information from all other recommendations for older adults regarding statin treatment. Methodological quality of the included guidelines was appraised using the appraisal of guidelines for research & evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.RESULTSEighteen international guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in the general adult population provided recommendations for statin discontinuation that were applicable to older adults. We identified three groups of instructions for statin discontinuation related to statin intolerance, and none was specifically aimed at older adults. Three guidelines also included suggestions to consider statin discontinuation in patients with poor health status. Of the 18 guidelines included, 16 made recommendations regarding statin treatment in older adults, although details on how to implement these recommendations in practice were not provided.CONCLUSIONCurrent international cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines provide little specific guidance for physicians who are considering statin discontinuation in older adults in the context of declining health status and short life expectancy. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:417–425, 2020
Effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation on productive performance, colostrum composition and serum biochemical indexes of sow
Authors: Sun Jia‐Jie , Wang Peng , Chen Guo‐Ping , Luo Jun‐Yi , Xi Qian‐Yun , Cai Geng‐Yuan , Wu Jia‐Han , Zeng Bin , Xie Yue‐Qin , Jiang Qing‐Yan , Chen Ting , Zhang Yong‐Liang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMoringa oleifera has been considered as a potential functional feed or food, since it contains multiple components beneficial to animal and human. However, little is known about the effects of Moringa oleifera supplementation on productive performances in sows. In the current study, the results showed that dietary Moringa oleifera significantly decreased the farrowing length and the number of stillborn (p < .05), while had an increasing trend in the number of live‐born (0.05 < p < .10). Furthermore, 8% Moringa oleifera supplementation significantly elevated protein levels in the colostrum (p < .05); 4% Moringa oleifera lowed serum urea nitrogen of sows after 90 days of gestation (p < .05) and significantly decreased serum glucose on 10 days of lactation (p < .05). Both groups showed significant elevation in serum T‐AOC activity (p < .05). The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of sows declined significantly in 4% Moringa oleifera addition group (p < .05). 8% Moringa oleifera meal significantly elevated serum CAT activity after 60 days of gestation (p < .05), while decreased the serum MDA level and increased the serum GSH‐Px activity of sows at 10 days of lactation (p < .05). Of piglets, both two dosages of Moringa oleifera supplementation essentially reduced the serum urea nitrogen (p < .05), and 4% Moringa oleifera meal increased serum total protein (p < .05). In addition, piglets that received 8% Moringa oleifera had the highest serum CAT and SOD activities among all groups (p < .05). The present study indicated that Moringa oleifera supplementation could enhance the reproduction performances, elevate protein levels in the colostrum and improve the serum antioxidant indices in both sows and piglets.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages
Authors: Lippi Ilaria , Bonelli Francesca , Meucci Valentina , Vitale Valentina , Sgorbini Micaela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlasma clearance of iohexol is a reliable method to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The relationship between aging and GFR in horses is unclear.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare GFR estimated by iohexol clearance in horses of different ages.AnimalsTwenty‐one clinically healthy horses were enrolled.MethodsProspective study. Groups: (A) composed by 8 young horses (≤14 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, (B) by 7 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, and (C) by 6 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. Iohexol was injected (75.5 mg/kg) through an IV catheter, and plasma samples were collected 5, 30, and 90 minutes later. Plasma clearance of iohexol was obtained by the high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method.ResultsThe GFR was 2., 2.1, and 1.45 mL/min/kg (median value) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Statistical analysis showed differences between Group A versus C for urea, Group A versus B and A versus C for creatinine, and A versus C for GFR.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGlomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced in aged horses with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL compared to young horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL; no differences were obtained between young and aged horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL. Glomerular filtration rate evaluation should be considered in aged horses even if the plasma creatinine values are normal.
Highly promiscuous paternity in mainland and island populations of the endangered Northern Quoll
Authors: Chan R. , Dunlop J. , Spencer P. B. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolyandry is a commonly utilized strategy in mammalian reproductive systems, where females engage in mating with multiple males to increase either the genetic diversity or quality of their offspring. Some species also exhibit male semelparity, a peculiar life‐history trait where all or most males within a population begin to die following mating. The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) possesses both of these reproductive adaptations, and females of this species may produce up to eight young in a single litter. Here we aimed to quantify whether there was any difference in female quolls’ choice of male sires between two genetically distinct populations located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia (one mainland‐dwelling and one island‐dwelling population). The total parentage exclusion probability was 0.9999 for excluding a candidate parent from parentage, given the genotype of a known mother. Overall, we found that every litter had young resulting from multiple males. In some litters, a different male fathered every offspring. Thus, northern quolls demonstrated a greater level of polyandry than has previously been detected in marsupials. Furthermore, females from the less genetically diverse island population exercised mate choice and preferentially bred with males that were, on average, 20% smaller than a different male randomly sampled from the island. There was no detectable difference with regard to male sire body size in the mainland population, indicating a difference of selective pressures for the two populations.
Alkali‐halogen metasomatism of theCMcarbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Lee M. R. , Cohen B. E. , King A. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeteorite Hills (MET) 01075 is unique among theCMcarbonaceous chondrites in containing the feldspathoid mineral sodalite, and hence it may provide valuable evidence for a nebular or parent body process that has not been previously recorded by this meteorite group.MET01075 is composed of aqueously altered chondrules and calcium‐ and aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) in a matrix that is predominantly made of serpentine‐ and tochilinite‐rich particles. The chondrules have been impact flattened and define a foliation petrofabric. Sodalite occurs in a 0.6 mm sizeCAIthat also contains spinel, perovskite, and diopside together with Fe‐rich phyllosilicate and calcite. By analogy with feldspathoid‐bearingCAIs in theCVandCOcarbonaceous chondrites, the sodalite is interpreted to have formed by replacement of melilite or anorthite during alkali‐halogen metasomatism in a parent body environment. While it is possible that theCAIwas metasomatized in a precursor parent body, then excavated and incorporated into theMET01075 parent body, in situ metasomatism is the favored model. The brief episode of relatively high temperature water–rock interaction was driven by radiogenic or impact heating, and most of the evidence for metasomatism was erased by subsequent lower temperature aqueous alteration.MET01075 is very unusual in sampling aCMparent body region that underwent early alkali‐halogen metasomatism and has retained one of its products.
New lunar meteorite NWA 10986: A mingled impact melt breccia from the highlands—A complete cross section of the lunar crust
Authors: Roberts S. E. , McCanta M. C. , Jean M. M. , Taylor L. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 10986 is a new mingled lunar meteorite found in 2015 in Western Sahara. This impact melt breccia contains abundant impact melt glass and clasts as large as 0.75 mm. Clasts are predominantly plagioclase and pyroxene‐rich and represent both highland and basalt lithologies. Highland lithologies include troctolites, gabbronorites, anorthositic norites, and troctolitic anorthosites. Basalt lithologies include crystalline clasts with large zoned pyroxenes representing very low titanium to low titanium basalts. In situ geochemical analysis of minerals within clasts indicates that they represent ferroan anorthosite, Mg‐suite, and gabbronorite lithologies as defined by the Apollo sample collection. Clasts representing magnesian anorthosite, or “gap” lithologies, are prevalent in this meteorite. Whole rock and in situ impact glass measurements indicate low incompatible trace element concentrations. Basalt clasts also have low incompatible trace element concentrations and lack evolved KREEP mineralogy although pyroxferroite grains are present. The juxtaposition of evolved, basaltic clasts without KREEP signatures and highland lithologies suggests that these basaltic clasts may represent cryptomare. The lithologies found in NWA 10986 offer a unique and possibly a complete cross section view of the Moon sourced outside of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane.
Second messengers and divergent HD‐GYP phosphodiesterases regulate 3′,3′‐cGAMP signaling
Authors: Wright Todd A. , Jiang Lucy , Park James J. , Anderson Wyatt A. , Chen Ge , Hallberg Zachary F. , Nan Beiyan , Hammond Ming C. 
Published: October 2019

Summary3′,3′‐cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) is the third cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) to be discovered in bacteria. No activators of cGAMP signaling have yet been identified, and the signaling pathways for cGAMP have been inferred to display a narrow distribution based upon the characterized synthases, DncV and Hypr GGDEFs. Here, we report that the ubiquitous second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an activator of the Hypr GGDEF enzyme GacB from Myxococcus xanthus. Furthermore, we show that GacB is inhibited directly by cyclic di‐GMP, which provides evidence for cross‐regulation between different CDN pathways. Finally, we reveal that the HD‐GYP enzyme PmxA is a cGAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase (GAP) that promotes resistance to osmotic stress in M. xanthus. A signature amino acid change in PmxA was found to reprogram substrate specificity and was applied to predict the presence of non‐canonical HD‐GYP phosphodiesterases in many bacterial species, including phyla previously not known to utilize cGAMP signaling.
HMS1 interacts with HMS1I to regulate very‐long‐chain fatty acid biosynthesis and the humidity‐sensitive genic male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Chen Huiqiong , Zhang Zhiguo , Ni Erdong , Lin Jianwen , Peng Guoqing , Huang Jilei , Zhu Liya , Deng Li , Yang Fanfan , Luo Qian , Sun Wei , Liu Zhenlan , Zhuang Chuxiong , Liu Yao‐Guang , Zhou Hai 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Environment‐sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) lines are used widely in two‐line hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). At present, photoperiod‐sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) lines and thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines are predominantly used in two‐line hybrid rice, with humidity‐sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS) lines rarely being reported.

Here, it is shown that HUMIDITY‐SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILITY 1 (HMS1), encoding a β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase, plays key roles in the biosynthesis of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and HGMS in rice.

The hms1 mutant displayed decreased seed setting under low humidity, but normal seed setting under high humidity. HMS1 catalyzed the biosynthesis of the C26 and C28 VLCFAs, contributing to the formation of bacula and tryphine in the pollen wall, which protect the pollen from dehydration. Under low‐humidity conditions, hms1 pollen showed poor adhesion and reduced germination on the stigmas, which could be rescued by increasing humidity. HMS1‐INTERACTING PROTEIN (HMS1I) interacted with HMS1 to coregulate HGMS. Furthermore, both japonica and indica rice varieties with defective HMS1 exhibited HGMS, suggesting that hms1 potentially could be used in hybrid breeding.

The results herein reveal the novel mechanism of VLCFA‐mediated pollen wall formation, which protects pollen from low‐humidity stress in rice, and has a potential use in hybrid crop breeding.
Ribosome assembly factor Adenylate Kinase 6 maintains cell proliferation and cell size homeostasis during root growth
Authors: Slovak Radka , Setzer Claudia , Roiuk Mykola , Bertels Jonas , Göschl Christian , Jandrasits Katharina , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Busch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

Summary

From the cellular perspective, organ growth is determined by production and growth of cells. Uncovering how these two processes are coordinated is essential for understanding organogenesis and regulation of organ growth.

We utilized phenotypic and genetic variation of 252 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana to conduct genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying genes underlying root growth variation; using a T‐DNA line candidate approach, we identified one gene involved in root growth control and characterized its function using microscopy, root growth kinematics, G2/M phase cell count, ploidy levels and ribosome polysome profiles.

We identified a factor contributing to root growth control: Arabidopsis Adenylate Kinase 6 (AAK6). AAK6 is required for normal cell production and normal cell elongation, and its natural genetic variation is involved in determining root growth differences between Arabidopsis accessions. A lack of AAK6 reduces cell production in the aak6 root apex, but this is partially compensated for by longer mature root cells. Thereby, aak6 mutants exhibit compensatory cell enlargement, a phenomenon unexpected in roots. Moreover, aak6 plants accumulate 80S ribosomes while the polysome profile remains unchanged, consistent with a phenotype of perturbed ribosome biogenesis.

In conclusion, AAK6 impacts ribosome abundance, cell production and thereby root growth.