bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended stereotactic brain biopsy in suspected primary central nervous system angiitis: good diagnostic accuracy and high safety
Authors: Stoecklein Veit Michael , Kellert Lars , Patzig Maximilian , Küpper Clemens , Giese Armin , Ruf Viktoria , Weller Jonathan , Kreth Friedrich-Wilhelm , Schöberl Florian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of extended stereotactic brain biopsy (ESBB) in a single center cohort with suspected primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS).

Methods
A standardized stereotactic biopsy targeting MRI-positive lesions and collecting samples from the meninges and the cortex as well as from the white matter was performed in 23 patients with clinically suspected PACNS between 2010 and 2017. The relationship between biopsy yield and clinical characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid parameters, MR-imaging, time point of biopsy and exact localization of biopsy as well as number of tissue samples were examined.

Results
PACNS was confirmed in 7 of 23 patients (30.4%). Alternative diagnoses were identified in 7 patients (30%). A shorter time period between the onset or worsening of symptoms (p = 0.018) and ESBB significantly increased the diagnostic yield. We observed only minor and transient postoperative complications in 3 patients (13.0%). ESBB led to a direct change of the therapeutic regime in 13 of 23 patients (56.5%). Careful neuropathological analysis furthermore revealed that cortical samples were crucial in obtaining a diagnosis.

Conclusion
ESBB is a safe approach with good feasibility, even in critically ill patients, and high diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected PACNS changing future therapies in 13 of 23 patients (56.5%). Early biopsy after symptom onset/worsening is crucial and (sub)acute MRI-lesions should be targeted with a particular need for biopsy samples from the cortical layer.
Preoperative leukocytosis and the resection severity index are independent risk factors for survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Beetz Oliver , Weigle Clara A. , Cammann Sebastian , Vondran Florian W. R. , Timrott Kai , Kulik Ulf , Bektas Hüseyin , Klempnauer Jürgen , Kleine Moritz , Oldhafer Felix 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and non-surgical treatment, reported outcomes are still poor and surgical resection remains to be the only chance for long-term survival of affected patients. The identification and validation of prognostic factors and scores, such as the recently introduced resection severity index, for postoperative morbidity and mortality are essential to facilitate optimal therapeutic regimens.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 269 patients undergoing resection of histologically confirmed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between February 1996 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center for hepatobiliary surgery. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential prognostic factors, including the resection severity index.

Results
Median postoperative follow-up time was 22.93 (0.10–234.39) months. Severe postoperative complications (≥ Clavien-Dindo grade III) were observed in 94 (34.9%) patients. The body mass index (p = 0.035), the resection severity index (ASAT in U/l divided by Quick in % multiplied by the extent of liver resection graded in points; p = 0.006), additional hilar bile duct resection (p = 0.005), and number of packed red blood cells transfused during operation (p = 0.036) were independent risk factors for the onset of severe postoperative complications. Median Kaplan-Meier survival after resection was 27.63 months. Preoperative leukocytosis (p = 0.003), the resection severity index (p = 0.005), multivisceral resection (p = 0.001), and T stage ≥ 3 (p = 0.013) were identified as independent risk factors for survival.

Conclusion
Preoperative leukocytosis and the resection severity index are useful variables for preoperative risk stratification since they were identified as significant predictors for postoperative morbidity and mortality, respectively.
Infliximab in young paediatric IBD patients: it is all about the dosing
Authors: Jongsma Maria M. E. , Winter Dwight A. , Huynh Hien Q. , Norsa Lorenzo , Hussey Seamus , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Bronsky Jiri , Assa Amit , Cohen Shlomi , Lev-Tzion Raffi , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Rizopoulos Dimitris , de Meij Tim G. J. , Shouval Dror S. , Wine Eytan , Wolters Victorien M. , Martinez-Vinson Christine , de Ridder Lissy ,   on behalf of the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfliximab (IFX) is administered intravenously using weight-based dosing (5 mg/kg) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our hypothesis is that especially young children need a more intensive treatment regimen than the current weight-based dose administration. We aimed to assess IFX pharmacokinetics (PK), based on existing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data in IBD patients < 10 years. TDM data were collected retrospectively in 14 centres. Children treated with IFX were included if IFX was started as IBD treatment at age < 10 years (young patients, YP) and PK data were available. Older IBD patients aged 10–18 years were used as controls (older patients, OP). Two hundred and fifteen paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) patients were eligible for the study (110 < 10 year; 105 ≥ 10 years). Median age was 8.3 years (IQR 6.9–8.9) in YP compared with 14.3 years (IQR 12.8–15.6) in OP at the start of IFX. At the start of maintenance treatment, 72% of YP had trough levels below therapeutic range (< 5.4 μg/mL). After 1 year of scheduled IFX maintenance treatment, YP required a significantly higher dose per 8 weeks compared with OP (YP; 9.0 mg/kg (IQR 5.0–12.9) vs. OP; 5.5 mg/kg (IQR 5.0–9.3); p < 0.001). The chance to develop antibodies to infliximab was relatively lower in OP than YP (0.329 (95% CI − 1.2 to − 1.01); p < 0.001), while the overall duration of response to IFX was not significantly different (after 2 years 53% (n = 29) in YP vs. 58% (n = 45) in OP; p = 0.56).Conclusion: Intensification of the induction scheme is suggested for PIBD patients aged < 10 years.

What is Known?

•Infliximab trough levels of paediatric IBD patients are influenced by several factors as dosing scheme, antibodies and inflammatory markers.•In 4.5–30% of the paediatric IBD patients, infliximab treatment was stopped within the first year.

What is New?

•The majority of young PIBD (< 10 years) have inadequate IFX trough levels at the start of maintenance treatment.•Young PIBD patients (< 10 years) were in need of a more intensive treatment regimen compared with older paediatric patients during 1 year of IFX treatment.•The chance to develop antibodies to infliximab was relatively higher in young PIBD patients (< 10 years).
A new framework for sign language alphabet hand posture recognition using geometrical features through artificial neural network (part 1)
Authors: Kolivand Hoshang , Joudaki Saba , Sunar Mohd Shahrizal , Tully David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHand pose tracking is essential in sign languages. An automatic recognition of performed hand signs facilitates a number of applications, especially for people with speech impairment to communication with normal people. This framework which is called ASLNN proposes a new hand posture recognition technique for the American sign language alphabet based on the neural network which works on the geometrical feature extraction of hands. A user’s hand is captured by a three-dimensional depth-based sensor camera; consequently, the hand is segmented according to the depth analysis features. The proposed system is called depth-based geometrical sign language recognition as named DGSLR. The DGSLR adopted in easier hand segmentation approach, which is further used in segmentation applications. The proposed geometrical feature extraction framework improves the accuracy of recognition due to unchangeable features against hand orientation compared to discrete cosine transform and moment invariant. The findings of the iterations demonstrate the combination of the extracted features resulted to improved accuracy rates. Then, an artificial neural network is used to drive desired outcomes. ASLNN is proficient to hand posture recognition and provides accuracy up to 96.78% which will be discussed on the additional paper of this authors in this journal.
In vitro surgical and non-surgical air-polishing efficacy for implant surface decontamination in three different defect configurations
Authors: Tuchscheerer Vivian , Eickholz Peter , Dannewitz Bettina , Ratka Christoph , Zuhr Otto , Petsos Hari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Evaluation of surgical and non-surgical air-polishing in vitro efficacy for implant surface decontamination.

Material and methods
One hundred eighty implants were distributed to three differently angulated bone defect models (30°, 60°, 90°). Biofilm was imitated using indelible red color. Sixty implants were used for each defect, 20 of which were air-polished with three different types of glycine air powder abrasion (GAPA1–3) combinations. Within 20 equally air-polished implants, a surgical and non-surgical (with/without mucosa mask) procedure were simulated. All implants were photographed to determine the uncleaned surface. Changes in surface morphology were assessed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM).

Results
Cleaning efficacy did not show any significant differences between GAPA1–3 for surgical and non-surgical application. Within a cleaning method significant (p < 0.001) differences for GAPA2 between 30° (11.77 ± 2.73%) and 90° (7.25 ± 1.42%) in the non-surgical and 30° (8.26 ± 1.02%) and 60° (5.02 ± 0.84%) in the surgical simulation occurred. The surgical use of air-polishing (6.68 ± 1.66%) was significantly superior (p < 0.001) to the non-surgical (10.13 ± 2.75%). SEM micrographs showed no surface damages after use of GAPA.

Conclusions
Air-polishing is an efficient, surface protective method for surgical and non-surgical implant surface decontamination in this in vitro model. No method resulted in a complete cleaning of the implant surface.

Clinical relevance
Air-polishing appears to be promising for implant surface decontamination regardless of the device.
Accuracy of intraoral scanning in completely and partially edentulous maxillary and mandibular jaws: an in vitro analysis
Authors: Schimmel Martin , Akino Norio , Srinivasan Murali , Wittneben Julia-Gabriela , Yilmaz Burak , Abou-Ayash Samir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
New generation intraoral scanners are promoted to be suitable for digital scans of long-span edentulous spaces and completely edentulous arches; however, the evidence is lacking. The current study evaluated the accuracy of intraoral scanning (IOS) in partially and completely edentulous arch models and analyzed the influence of operator experience on accuracy.

Materials and methods
Four different resin models (completely and partially edentulous maxilla and mandible) were scanned, using a new generation IOS device (n = 20 each). Ten scans of each model were performed by an IOS-experienced and an inexperienced operator. An industrial high-precision scanner was employed to obtain reference scans. IOS files of each model-operator combination, their respective reference scan files (n = 10 each; total = 80), as well as the IOS files from each model generated by the same operator, were superimposed (n = 45; total = 360) to calculate trueness and precision. An ANOVA for mixed models and post hoc t tests for mixed models were used to assess group-wise differences (α = 0.05).

Results
The median overall trueness and precision were 24.2 μm (IQR 20.7–27.4 μm) and 18.3 μm (IQR 14.4–22.1 μm), respectively. The scans of the inexperienced operator had significantly higher trueness in the edentulous mandibular model (p = 0.0001) and higher precision in the edentulous maxillary model (p = 0.0004).

Conclusion
The accuracy of IOS for partially and completely edentulous arches in in vitro settings was high. Experience with IOS had small influence on the accuracy of the scans.

Clinical relevance
IOS with the tested new generation intraoral scanner may be suitable for the fabrication of removable dentures regardless of clinician’s experience in IOS.
Strongly stable C-stationary points for mathematical programs with complementarity constraints
Authors: Hernández Escobar Daniel , Rückmann Jan-J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider the class of mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCC). Under an appropriate constraint qualification of Mangasarian–Fromovitz type we present a topological and an equivalent algebraic characterization of a strongly stable C-stationary point for MPCC. Strong stability refers to the local uniqueness, existence and continuous dependence of a solution for each sufficiently small perturbed problem where perturbations up to second order are allowed. This concept of strong stability was originally introduced by Kojima for standard nonlinear optimization; here, its generalization to MPCC demands a sophisticated technique which takes the disjunctive properties of the solution set of MPCC into account.
Future projections of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe with two integrated assessment models
Authors: Veerkamp Clara J. , Dunford Robert W. , Harrison Paula A. , Mandryk Maryia , Priess Jörg A. , Schipper Aafke M. , Stehfest Elke , Alkemade Rob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProjections of future changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) are of increasing importance to inform policy and decision-making on options for conservation and sustainable use of BES. Scenario-based modelling is a powerful tool to assess these future changes. This study assesses the consequences for BES in Europe under four socio-environmental scenarios designed from a BES perspective. We evaluated these scenarios using two integrated assessment models (IMAGE-GLOBIO and CLIMSAVE IAP, respectively). Our results showed that (i) climate and land use change will continue to pose significant threats to biodiversity and some ecosystem services, even in the most optimistic scenario; (ii) none of the four scenarios achieved overall preservation of BES in Europe; and (iii) targeted policies (e.g. on climate change, biodiversity conservation and sustainable land management) and behavioural change (e.g. reducing meat consumption, water-saving behaviour) reduced the magnitude of BES loss. These findings stress the necessity of more ambitious policies and actions if BES in Europe are to be safeguarded. We further found that the multi-modelling approach was critical to account for complementary BES dimensions and highlighted different sources of uncertainties (e.g. related to land use allocation, driving forces behind BES changes, trade assumptions), which facilitated nuanced and contextualised insights with respect to possible BES futures.
Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum
Authors: Rubel Franz , Brugger Katharina , Belova Oxana A. , Kholodilov Ivan S. , Didyk Yuliya M. , Kurzrock Lina , García-Pérez Ana L. , Kahl Olaf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe two ixodid tick speciesDermacentor reticulatus(Fabricius) andDermacentor silvarumOlenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genusDermacentorin Eurasia, within the belt of$$34{-}60^\circ ~ \hbox {N}$$34-60∘Nlatitude. Whilst the distribution area ofD. reticulatusextends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that ofD. silvarumextends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the twoDermacentorspecies overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferencedD. reticulatusand 522D. silvarumlocations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the twoDermacentorspecies are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution ofD. reticulatusunder different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution ofD. silvarumshows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%).Dermacentor silvarumseems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summersD. reticulatusdoes not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of bothDermacentorspecies. For the first time, the entire distribution areas ofD. reticulatusandD. silvarumwere mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.
Hurricanes, climate change, and social welfare: evidence from the Caribbean
Authors: Spencer Nekeisha , Strobl Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine whether Caribbean islands will be worse off as hurricane activity alters under climate change. To this end, we construct island level damages for synthetic storm tracks generated from four climate models under current and future climate settings. Using a flexible stochastic dominance preference ordering framework, we find that the fat-tailed and uncertain nature of the distribution of storms makes it difficult to conclude that the region will be worse off under climate change, and is likely to depend on the degree of adaptation.
On the assessment of software defect prediction models via ROC curves
Authors: Morasca Sandro , Lavazza Luigi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoftware defect prediction models are classifiers often built by setting a threshold t on a defect proneness model, i.e., a scoring function. For instance, they classify a software module non-faulty if its defect proneness is below t and positive otherwise. Different values of t may lead to different defect prediction models, possibly with very different performance levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves provide an overall assessment of a defect proneness model, by taking into account all possible values of t and thus all defect prediction models that can be built based on it. However, using a defect proneness model with a value of t is sensible only if the resulting defect prediction model has a performance that is at least as good as some minimal performance level that depends on practitioners’ and researchers’ goals and needs. We introduce a new approach and a new performance metric (the Ratio of Relevant Areas) for assessing a defect proneness model by taking into account only the parts of a ROC curve corresponding to values of t for which defect proneness models have higher performance than some reference value. We provide the practical motivations and theoretical underpinnings for our approach, by: 1) showing how it addresses the shortcomings of existing performance metrics like the Area Under the Curve and Gini’s coefficient; 2) deriving reference values based on random defect prediction policies, in addition to deterministic ones; 3) showing how the approach works with several performance metrics (e.g., Precision and Recall) and their combinations; 4) studying misclassification costs and providing a general upper bound for the cost related to the use of any defect proneness model; 5) showing the relationships between misclassification costs and performance metrics. We also carried out a comprehensive empirical study on real-life data from the SEACRAFT repository, to show the differences between our metric and the existing ones and how more reliable and less misleading our metric can be.
Frictions and taxpayer responses: evidence from bunching at personal tax thresholds
Authors: Adam Stuart , Browne James , Phillips David , Roantree Barra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe exploit kinks and notches in the UK personal tax schedule over a 40-year period to investigate how taxpayers respond to income tax and social security contributions. At kinks, where the marginal rate rises, we find bunching by company owner-managers and the self-employed, but not those with only employment income. Responses to notches, where the average rate rises, provide compelling evidence that this is because most employees face substantial frictions: fewer than a quarter bunch even where doing so would increase both consumption and leisure. We develop a new approach for identifying selection in who responds and for decomposing responses into hours and wage components. We find that those employees who do bunch at notches are almost exclusively part-time workers, but tend to have lower wages and work more hours than those part-time workers who do not bunch.
Frequency- and time-resolved photocurrents in vacuum-deposited stabilised a-Se films: the role of valence alternation defects
Authors: Jacobs Janet , Belev George , Brookfield Adam , Tuna Floriana , Kasap Safa , Curry Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStabilised amorphous selenium (a-Se) is currently used in the majority of direct conversion mammographic X-ray imaging detectors due to its X-ray photoconductivity and its ability to be uniformly deposited over large area TFT substrates by conventional vacuum deposition. We report experimental results on photocurrent spectroscopy (frequency-resolved spectroscopy (FRS) and single-time transients), on vacuum-deposited a-Se films. We show that all measured photocurrents depend critically on the relative time spent by the material in the light and in the dark. We identify that the observed pronounced variation in optical response depends on the density of trapped (optically injected) charge within 200 nm of the surface and show that it is the ratio of dark and light exposure time that controls the density of such charge. Our data confirm that the localised charge radically influences the photocurrent transient shape due to the effective screening of the applied field within 200 nm of the surface. The field modification occurs over the optical extinction depth and changes both the photogeneration process and the drift of carriers. Many aspects of our data carry the signature of known properties of valence alternation pair (VAP) defects, which control many properties of a-Se. Modelling in the time domain shows that light generation of VAPs followed by optically triggered VAP defect conversion can lead to near-surface charge imbalance, demonstrating that VAP defects can account for the unusual optical response. The stabilised a-Se films were deposited above the glass transition temperature of the alloy with composition a-Se:0.3% As doped with ppm Cl. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements at temperatures down to 5 K did not detect any spin active defects, even under photoexcitation above band gap.