bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marijuana Use in Young Mothers and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodriguez C.E. , Sheeder J. , Allshouse A.A. , Scott S. , Wymore E. , Hopfer C. , Hermesch A. , Metza T.D. 
Published: August 2020

(BJOG. 2019;126:1491–1497)
The use of marijuana has grown among pregnant women in the United States, increasing 62% between 2002 and 2014. Yet, the literature is mixed regarding the impact of marijuana use on perinatal outcomes in this population. Some studies have shown an association between marijuana and adverse pregnancy events, while others have found no associations. Also, studies have largely relied on the patient self-reporting her marijuana use—a limitation that may skew results because some study participants may be misclassified as nonusers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal marijuana use and a composite adverse pregnancy outcome.
Implications of Vaginal Instrumental Delivery for Children’s School Achievement: A Population-based Linked Administrative Data Study
Authors: Hsieh D.C. , Smithers L.G. , Black M. , Lynch J.W. , Dekker G. , Wilkinson C. , Stark M.J. , Mol B.W. 
Published: August 2020

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:677–683)
Instrumental vaginal delivery is a relatively common obstetric procedure in both Australia and the UK, accounting for ∼10% to 13% of deliveries. It is typically performed in cases of prolonged second stage of labor, fetal compromise, or limited ability of the mother to push. While instrumental deliveries are performed when obstetricians believe the benefits outweigh the risks, there are numerous potential side effects for both mother and fetus. These include maternal soft tissue tears and anal and urinary sphincter dysfunction as well as fetal trauma injuries, such as intracranial and subgaleal bleeding, lacerations, and cranial nerve injuries. Researchers have been concerned about the potential long-term neurodevelopmental effects of instrumental vaginal delivery, but previous studies have not adequately compared the development of children who were born via spontaneous vaginal delivery versus those born via instrumental vaginal delivery. This study was conducted to determine whether vacuum extraction, forceps, or normal vaginal deliveries had an effect on academic performance at 8 years of age.
Oral Antihypertensive Regimens (Nifedipine-retard, Labetalol, and Methyldopa) for Management of Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Easterling T. , Mundle S. , Bracken H. , Parvekar S. , Mool S. , Magee L.A. , von Dadelszen P. , Shochet T. , Winikoff B. 
Published: August 2020

(Lancet. 2019;394:1011–1021)
Hypertension complicates ∼10% of pregnancies, and is associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and child. Severe hypertension in pregnancy, defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥110mm Hg, is considered an obstetric emergency requiring urgent antihypertensive treatment to prevent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. There are currently insufficient data on medications used to treat severe hypertension in pregnancy. This study directly compared 3 oral drugs—labetalol, nifedipine, and methyldopa—for efficacy and safety when used for the treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy.
Generalizability of Randomized Trials of the Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Technique for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: A Prospective Single-Centre Cohort Study
Authors: Gabriel L. , Young J. , Hoesli I. , Girard T. , Dell-Kuster S. 
Published: August 2020

(Br J Anaesth. 2019;123:e434–e441)
Neuraxial analgesia is the most widely used labor pain relief method, and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) used in combination with a low-dose continuous epidural infusion has been shown to boost patient satisfaction while also increasing the volume of local anesthetics that are used. Researchers who have conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that substituting a programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) in place of PCEA can decrease local anesthetic consumption, but it is unclear if the maternal motor block in this method has a negative effect on labor progression. Because RCTs are almost always conducted on healthy nulliparous women, their results cannot easily be applied to the variety of patients seen in daily clinical practices. Gabriel and colleagues conducted their study on epidural labor analgesia data in order to compare the maternal motor function of RCT-eligible nulliparous women to parous women who are usually considered RCT-ineligible.
Epidural-related Maternal Fever: Still a Hot Topic, But What Are the Burning Issues?
Authors: Sultan P. , Segal S. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:318–320)
A number of studies controlling for predisposing obstetric and neonatal variables have confirmed the phenomenon of epidural-related maternal fever (ERMF), which is associated with an increased risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. ERMF is thought to be a sterile inflammatory process, as it is not reduced by broad-spectrum antibiotic or acetaminophen administration. Placental inflammation is a common feature in ERMF, though no pathogenic bacteria are found.
Education Program Regarding Labor Epidurals Increases Utilization by Hispanic Medicaid Beneficiaries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Togioka B.M. , Seligman K.M. , Werntz M.K. , Yanez N.D. , Noles L.M. , Treggiari M.M. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesthesiology. 2019;131:840–849)
While epidural analgesia is generally a popular approach to alleviating labor pain, researchers in the United States have found that epidural analgesia usage rates are lower for Hispanic women than for white women. This difference may indicate a disparity in the education about neuraxial analgesia provided to Hispanic women. In addition, language barriers may lead to misconceptions about labor analgesia. While steps have been taken by many national health organizations to overcome language barriers and reduce peripartum disparities, no research has been done to evaluate the efficacy of a modified, linguistically accessible educational program on epidural labor analgesia administration. This study aimed to determine if a language-concordant program would increase the rate of epidural usage in both Hispanic and non-Hispanic women.
Need for Additional Anesthesia After Single Injection Spinal Analgesia for Labor: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sharpe E.E. , Kim G.Y. , Vinzant N.J. , Arendt K.W. , Hanson A.C. , Martin D.P. , Sviggum H.P. 
Published: August 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;40:45–51)
While the most common forms of neuraxial analgesia for labor are continuous epidural and combined spinal-epidural, single injection spinal analgesia is sometimes used for labor analgesia. A disadvantage of the single injection technique is that an additional anesthesia procedure may be needed if labor is prolonged or surgery is required. A previous study reported another anesthetic intervention was needed in 26% of women who received single injection spinal analgesia for labor. This current retrospective study aimed to determine the rate of additional anesthetic interventions in women who received a single injection spinal block for labor analgesia.
Risk of Complication at the Time of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Prediction Model Built From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Pepin Kristen J. , Cook E. Francis , Cohen Sarah L. 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.023)
Although laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) has been well-established as a favorable mode of hysterectomy given its decreased perioperative complications, there is still room for improvement in quality of care. The overall morbidity of the procedure is low, but adverse outcomes have been reported in 6% to 19% of cases.
The Effectiveness of Online Interventions for Patients With Gynecological Cancer: An Integrative Review
Authors: Lin Huicong , Ye Mingzhu , Chan Sally Wai-Chi , Zhu Jiemin , He Honggu 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2020;158:143–152)
Cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer. Beyond physical symptoms including nausea, fatigue, pain, and changes in urination and bowel movements, there are often more nuanced and psychological effects including depression, decreases in social support, and adversely impacted sexual well-being and body image.
Education and training in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia and pain medicine
Authors: Chuan Alwin 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Effective and safe regional anaesthesia and pain medicine procedures require clinicians to learn and master complex theoretical knowledge and motor skills. This review aims to summarize articles relevant to education and training in these skill sets in the previous 2 years.

Recent findings
Twenty-two articles were identified, investigating nine out of the 13 top-ranked research topics in education and training in regional anaesthesia. Research topics addressed by these articles included prerotation simulation, deliberate practice combined with formative assessment tools, validation of assessment tools, three-dimensional-printed models, and knowledge translation from simulation to clinical practice. Emerging concepts investigated for their applications in regional anaesthesia included eye-tracking as a surrogate metric when evaluating proficiency, and elastography aiding visual salience to distinguish appropriate perineural and inappropriate intraneural injections.

Summary
Research into education and training in regional anaesthesia covered multiple and diverse topics. Methodological limitations were noted in several articles, reflecting the difficulties in designing and conducting medical education studies. Nonetheless, the evidence-base continues to mature and innovations provide exciting future possibilities.
Wrong-site nerve blocks: evidence-review and prevention strategies
Authors: Kwofie Kwesi , Uppal Vishal 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
There has been increasing attention to wrong site medical procedures over the last 20 years. This review aims to provide a summary of the current understanding and recommendations for the prevention of wrong-site nerve blocks (WSNB).

Recent findings
Various procedural, patient, practitioner, and organizational factors have been associated with the risk of WSNB. Recent findings have suggested that the use of a checklist is likely to reduce the incidence of WSNB. However, despite the widespread use of preprocedural checklists, WSNB continue to occur at significant frequency. This may be due to the inability of practitioners and teams to implement checklists correctly or the cognitive errors that prevent checklists from being executed as designed.

Summary
Though the evidence is limited, it is recommended that a combination of multiple strategies should be employed to prevent WSNB. These include the use of preprocedural markings, well constructed checklists, time-out/stop-moments, and cognitive/physical aids. Effective implementation requires team education and engagement that empowers all team members to speak up as part of a culture of safety.
How Patient Centered Are Addiction Treatment Intake Processes?
Authors: Mark Tami L. , Hinde Jesse , Henretty Kristen , Padwa Howard , Treiman Katherine 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
The substance use disorder (SUD) treatment field has conducted significant research on creating intake tools and processes that best match patients to the most appropriate treatment setting, but less research has been conducted on how those tools impact the patient experience. The study took advantage of a natural experiment in California to evaluate whether the implementation of American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) assessment criteria and a computer-facilitated intake assessment based on the ASAM criteria affects patient experiences and patient-centeredness during intake relative to patients receiving intake assessments not based on ASAM criteria.

Methods:
We analyzed surveys completed by 851 patients covered by Medi-Cal who were receiving specialty SUD treatment at 33 providers across 10 California counties about their experiences and perceptions of the intake assessment process. To account for differences in patient mix, we used inverse-probability weighting and computed differences in the weighted means for patients across non-ASAM, ASAM, and computerized-ASAM patients.

Results:
We have found that patients who underwent intake based on ASAM assessment criteria or computerized ASAM assessment experienced a more patient-centered intake. We also found that patients who received ASAM-based assessments were more satisfied with their choice of treatment setting.

Conclusions:
This evidence is encouraging for the SUD treatment field, especially considering that many Medicaid programs are adopting ASAM or similar patient placement criteria and multidimensional assessments. Future research should consider whether increases in the patient-centeredness of assessments are associated with increased retention in SUD treatment and other positive treatment outcomes.
Simultaneous Intra- and Extracochlear Electrocochleography During Electrode Insertion
Authors: Dalbert Adrian , Sijgers Leanne , Grosse Julian , Veraguth Dorothe , Roosli Christof , Huber Alexander , Pfiffner Flurin 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
(1) To correlate simultaneously recorded intra- and extracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) signals during electrode insertion into the cochlea, (2) to track changes in the ECochG signal during insertion and removal of an electrode, and (3) to correlate the findings with the preoperative residual hearing. We hypothesized that intracochlear ECochG recordings show signal changes not reflected in simultaneous extracochlear ECochG recordings.

Design:
During cochlear implantation in human cochlear implant recipients, a short, slim, custom-made electrode was inserted and removed in a stepwise manner. At each step, ECochG recordings were simultaneously recorded by an extracochlear electrode near the round window and via the inserted electrode. The acoustic stimulus was a 500 Hz tone burst at 110 to 130 dB SPL.

Results:
The mean amplitude difference between intra- and extracochlear ongoing ECochG responses was 14 dB (range 9 to 24 dB; n = 10) at the beginning of insertion. Intracochlear ECochG responses were larger in all cases. Extracochlear ECochG responses remained stable while intracochlear recordings showed large variations regarding amplitude and phase during the electrode array insertion. Intracochlear signal changes during insertion were reversible with retraction of the electrode. There were only weak to moderate (rs = 0.006 to 0.4), nonsignificant correlations of residual preoperative hearing with maximum amplitudes and amplitude changes during electrode insertion and removal in intracochlear recordings.

Conclusions:
Signals in intracochlear ECochG recordings are reliably larger than ECochG signals recorded simultaneously from an extracochlear location. Intracochlear ECochG recordings show reversible amplitude and phase changes during insertion, not reflected in simultaneous extracochlear ECochG recordings. Such changes are most likely due to the movement of the recording electrode in relation to the signal generators. Residual high-frequency hearing is associated with larger ECochG signal amplitudes. Modeling of expected intracochlear ECochG changes during electrode insertions may allow detection of cochlear trauma in the future.
A Cross-Language Comparison of Sentence Recognition Using American English and Mandarin Chinese HINT and AzBio Sentences
Authors: Xu Li , Xi Xin , Patton Alexa , Wang Xianhui , Qi Beier , Johnson Lauren 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to perform a cross-language comparison of two commonly used sentence-recognition materials (i.e., Hearing in Noise Test [HINT] and AzBio) in American English (AE) and Mandarin Chinese (MC).

Designs:
Sixty normal-hearing, native English-speaking and 60 normal-hearing, native Chinese-speaking young adults were recruited to participate in three experiments. In each experiment, the subjects were tested in their native language. In experiments I and II, noise and tone vocoders were used to process the HINT and AzBio sentences, respectively. The number of channels varied from 1 to 9, with an envelope cutoff frequency of 160 Hz. In experiment III, the AE AzBio and the MC HINT sentences were tested in speech-shaped noise at various signal to noise ratios (i.e., −20, −15, −10, −5, and 0 dB). The performance-intensity functions of sentence recognition using the two sets of sentence materials were compared.

Results:
Results of experiments I and II using vocoder processing indicated that the AE and MC versions of HINT and AzBio sentences differed in level of difficulty. The AE version yielded higher recognition performance than the MC version for both HINT and AzBio sentences. The type of vocoder processing (i.e., tone and noise vocoders) produced little differences in sentence-recognition performance in both languages. Incidentally, the AE AzBio sentences and the MC HINT sentences had similar recognition performance under vocoder processing. Such similarity was further confirmed under noise conditions in experiment III, where the performance-intensity functions of the two sets of sentences were closely matched.

Conclusions:
The HINT and AzBio sentence materials developed in AE and MC differ in level of difficulty. The AE AzBio and the MC HINT sentence materials are similar in level of difficulty. In cross-language comparative research, the MC HINT and the AE AzBio sentences should be chosen for the respective language as the target sentence-recognition test materials.
High-Flow Nasal Oxygen in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study*
Authors: Xia Jingen , Zhang Yi , Ni Lan , Chen Lei , Zhou Changzhi , Gao Chang , Wu Xiaojing , Duan Jun , Xie Jungang , Guo Qiang , Zhao Jianping , Hu Yi , Cheng Zhenshun , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
An ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 is spreading globally. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is the most common complication of coronavirus disease 2019. However, the clinical effectiveness of early high-flow nasal oxygen treatment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure has not been explored. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen treatment and to identify the variables predicting high-flow nasal oxygen treatment failure in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Design:
A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Three tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China.

Patients:
Forty-three confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal oxygen.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Mean age of the enrolled patients was 63.0 ± 9.7 years; female patients accounted for 41.9%. High-flow nasal oxygen failure (defined as upgrading respiratory support to positive pressure ventilation or death) was observed in 20 patients (46.5%), of which 13 (30.2%) required endotracheal intubation. Patients with high-flow nasal oxygen success had a higher median oxygen saturation (96.0% vs 93.0%; p < 0.001) at admission than those with high-flow nasal oxygen failure. High-flow nasal oxygen failure was more likely in patients who were older (p = 0.030) and male (p = 0.037), had a significant increase in respiratory rate and a significant decrease in the ratio of oxygen saturation/Fio
2 to respiratory rate index within 3 days of high-flow nasal oxygen treatment. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis model, male and lower oxygen saturation at admission remained independent predictors of high-flow nasal oxygen failure. The hospital mortality rate of the cohort was 32.5%; however, the hospital mortality rate in patients with high-flow nasal oxygen failure was 65%.

Conclusions:
High-flow nasal oxygen may be effective for treating coronavirus disease 2019 patients with mild to moderate acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, high-flow nasal oxygen failure was associated with a poor prognosis. Male and lower oxygenation at admission were the two strong predictors of high-flow nasal oxygen failure.
How to treat lobular cancer in the adjuvant setting?
Authors: Trapani Dario , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this review is to understand the clinical decision- making process for the management of patients with early invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), thereby orienting clinicians across large areas of uncertainties and extrapolations.Recent findingsThe analysis of the principal evidence on the management of ILC, assessing the role and benefit of systemic treatments in the curative setting, have shed the light on the opportunity to escalate and de-escalate systemic therapies for ILC patients, based on the risk of recurrence and the intrinsic value of the treatments. To refine the selection of the patients most likely to benefit from escalated systemic treatments, the role of genomic tools in ILC has been surveyed. Eventually, an overview of the ongoing clinical studies for early lobular tumors has been extracted.SummaryThe review identifies large areas of uncertainties and unmet needs for the management of lobular cancer, urging the implementation of clinical studies appropriately designed, tailoring this subgroup of breast cancer patients. As a distinct biological and clinical entity, areas for improvement have been suggested, to support the formulation of controlled studies and better inform clinical decisions based on quality evidence.