bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoperation after antireflux surgery: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ljungdalh J S , Rubin K H , Durup J , Houlind K C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Antireflux surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and/or hiatal hernia is effective. Between 10 and 20 per cent of patients undergo reoperation for recurrent symptoms. Most studies are undertaken in a single centre and possibly underestimate the rate of reoperation. The aim of this nationwide population-based cohort study was to investigate long-term reoperation rates after antireflux surgery.

Methods
This study included patients who underwent antireflux surgery between 2000 and 2017 in Denmark, and were registered in the Danish nationwide health registries. Reoperation rates were calculated for 1, 5, 10 and 15 years after the primary antireflux operation for GORD and/or hiatal hernia. Duration of hospital stay, 30- and 90-day mortality and morbidity, and use of endoscopic pneumatic dilatation were assessed.

Results
This study included a total of 4258 antireflux procedures performed in 3717 patients. Some 3252 patients had only primary antireflux surgery and 465 patients underwent reoperation. The 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-year rates of repeat antireflux surgery were 3·1, 9·3, 11·7 and 12·8 per cent respectively. Thirty- and 90-day mortality rates were similar for primary surgery (0·4 and 0·6 per cent respectively) and reoperations. The complication rate was higher for repeat antireflux surgery (7·0 and 8·3 per cent at 30 and 90 days respectively) than primary operation (3·4 and 4·8 per cent). A total of 391 patients (10·5 per cent of all patients) underwent endoscopic dilatation after primary antireflux surgery, of whom 95 (24·3 per cent) had repeat antireflux surgery.

Conclusion
In this population-based study in Denmark, the reoperation rate 15 years after antireflux surgery was 12·8 per cent. Reoperations were associated with more complications.
Impact of rectal perforation on recurrence during rectal cancer surgery in a national population registry
Authors: Jörgren F , Lydrup M-L , Buchwald P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Incidental perforation in rectal cancer surgery is considered a risk factor for poorer oncological outcome. Most studies emanate from the era before total mesorectal excision when staging, neoadjuvant treatment and surgical technique were suboptimal. This study assessed the impact of incidental perforation on oncological outcome in a cohort of patients with optimized management.

Methods
Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry for patients undergoing R0 abdominal surgery for TNM stage I–III rectal cancer between 2007 and 2012, with 5-year follow-up, were analysed. Multivariable analysis was performed.

Results
In total, 6176 patients were analysed (208 with and 5968 without perforation). The local recurrence rate was increased after perforation (7·2 per cent (15 of 208) versus 3·2 per cent (188 of 5968); P = 0·001), but there were no differences in rates of distant metastasis (16·3 per cent (34 of 208) versus 19·8 per cent (1183 of 5968); P = 0·215) and overall recurrence (20·7 per cent (43 of 208) versus 21·0 per cent (1256 of 5968); P = 0·897). The 5-year overall survival rate was lower after perforation (66·4 versus 75·5 per cent; P = 0·002), but the 5-year relative survival rate was no different (79·9 versus 88·2 per cent; P = 0·083). In multivariable analysis, perforation was a risk factor for local recurrence (hazard ratio 2·10, 95 per cent c.i. 1·19 to 3·72; P = 0·011), but not for the other outcomes.

Conclusion
Incidental perforation remains a significant risk factor for LR, even with optimized management of rectal cancer. This must be considered when discussing adjuvant treatment and follow-up.
Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of the adenosine A2a receptor antagonist NIR178 and its monohydroxy metabolite in human plasma: Application to clinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Heudi Olivier , Plaud Nathalie , Aumonier Celine , Wu Shari , Hatsis Panos , Hurtado Felipe K. , Picard Franck , Winter Serge , Flarakos Jimmy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report a selective LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative determinations of the adenosine A2a receptor antagonist NIR178 (NIR178) and its major metabolite NJI765 in human plasma. Sample preparation steps involved protein precipitation, sample evaporation and reconstitution using a plasma sample volume of 0.1 ml plasma. Separation was achieved in 10 min on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm column heated at 60°C with a gradient elution at 0.6 ml/min mobile phase made of water and acetonitrile both acidified with 0.1% formic acid. The detection was performed in positive ion mode and quantification based on multiple reaction monitoring. The linear response range was 1.00–1,000 ng/ml using a 1/x2 weighting factor. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies (bias %) and intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (CV, %) obtained for NIR178 and NJI765 were within the acceptance criteria. The normalized NIR178 and NJI765 matrix factor calculated from six lots of normal, lipemic and hemolyzed plasmas ranged from 0.97 to 1.05. The normalized recoveries of both NIR178 and NJI765 compared with their internal standards were consistent and reproducible with a CV ≤8.0. This method was successfully applied to support pharmacokinetic studies in adult patients with cancer.
Application of hardware‐in‐loop in teaching power electronic course based on a low‐cost platform
Authors: Tang Xin , Xi Yanhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a cost‐effective realization of hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation based on a low‐cost platform for power electronics education of undergraduate students, which includes three major parts: the real‐time simulation system based on Simulink, the hardware component, and the communication circuit connecting both. This communication interface replaces expensive signal interfaces with which the traditional HIL platforms of power electronics realize real‐time implementation for research and industry. The communication way will increase a little time consuming but it is acceptable for undergraduate students. Code‐development and download to control boards can be finished in Simulink too. The presented platform supports the experiment of basic conversion circuits of power electronics including AC–DC, DC–DC, DC–AC, and AC–AC. The implementations of two types of converters (DC–AC and DC–DC) with PI controllers show that HIL simulation can assist to familiarize students with the hardware devices, also keeping the flexibility of digital simulation. The students’ response to survey questions indicates that the HIL simulation based on the developed platform is effective and friendly.
A Mechanistic and Cautionary Case Study on the Use of Alternating Potential in Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Wills Alfie G. , Poole Darren L. , Alder Catherine M. , Reid Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA mechanistic study on use of alternating potential (i. e. electrode polarity switching) in synthetic organic electrochemical method development using the IKA ElectraSyn 2.0 is described. Unexpected product selectivity challenges revealed that alternating potential facilitated direct, rather than mediated, electrochemical benzylic C−H oxidation of toluene derivatives. Whilst constant potential irrespective of the direction of electrode polarity was expected, our in‐depth analysis revealed changes in the magnitude of applied potential with periodic switching of electrode polarity. These findings highlight an equipment engineering concern that is likely to influence and inform optimization strategies for a wide range of synthetic organic electrochemical methods under development.
Estimating pasture species biomass from canopy cover
Authors: Goslee Sarah C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany tools are available to measure total aboveground plant biomass in pastures, for instance the rising plate meter, but measuring the biomass contribution of individual species requires time‐consuming clipping and sorting. Pasture composition determines forage quality, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services, so an efficient nondestructive method for estimating biomass by species would be of great value. Seasonal allometric coefficients relating canopy cover to aboveground biomass were developed for individual species and for functional groups (grass, large forb, small forb) using ordinary least squares regression on data from a grazed multi‐species experimental pasture in Pennsylvania, and tested on an independent grazed experimental study. The models performed better in autumn than in spring, although performance varied greatly among species. The functional group models were generally more accurate than species‐specific models, even for estimating single species. Total grass and forb biomasses were predicted moderately well regardless of season. Unlike many allometric models, these were developed and tested on multiple years of data from grazed multispecies pastures. Although variability was high, the results have broad applicability in highly fertile mesic pastures, at least for dominant species.
Versatile Visible‐Light‐Driven Synthesis of Asymmetrical Phosphines and Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Arockiam Percia Beatrice , Lennert Ulrich , Graf Christina , Rothfelder Robin , Scott Daniel J. , Fischer Tillmann G. , Zeitler Kirsten , Wolf Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsymmetrically substituted tertiary phosphines and quaternary phosphonium salts are used extensively in applications throughout industry and academia. Despite their significance, classical methods to synthesize such compounds often demand either harsh reaction conditions, prefunctionalization of starting materials, highly sensitive organometallic reagents, or expensive transition‐metal catalysts. Mild, practical methods thus remain elusive, despite being of great current interest. Herein, we describe a visible‐light‐driven method to form these products from secondary and primary phosphines. Using an inexpensive organic photocatalyst and blue‐light irradiation, arylphosphines can be both alkylated and arylated using commercially available organohalides. In addition, the same organocatalyst can be used to transform white phosphorus (P4) directly into symmetrical aryl phosphines and phosphonium salts in a single reaction step, which has previously only been possible using precious metal catalysis.
Cancer attributable to human papillomavirus infection in China: Burden and trends
Authors: Lu Yong , Li Peiyang , Luo Ganfeng , Liu Di , Zou Huachun 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a substantial percentage of cervical cancer, and a significant percentage of anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, oral cavity, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers. Understanding the burden and trends of HPV‐attributable cancers is crucial to HPV prevention strategies. In the current study, the authors estimated the latest burden and trends of HPV‐attributable cancers in China.MethodsData from the following sources were used. The number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China were estimated based on the China Cancer Registry Annual Report. The population‐attributable fraction was estimated using pooled high‐risk HPV prevalence and biomarker‐positive rates, which were calculated using random effects meta‐analyses. Cancer burden estimates were stratified by anatomic site, sex, and age.ResultsIn 2015, a total of 110,650 new cancer cases and 36,714 cancer deaths attributable to HPV infection were estimated to have occurred in China, of which cervical cancer accounted for 85.6% and 78.1%, respectively. The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of HPV‐attributable cancers were 5.63 and 1.81 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. The ASIR and ASMR both varied by anatomic site, with the highest rates noted for cervical cancer at 4.83 and 1.42 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. Between 2005 and 2015, the ASIR and ASMR demonstrated significant upward trends for all HPV‐attributable cancers combined.ConclusionsBetween 2005 and 2015, cervical cancer accounted for the vast majority of HPV‐attributable cancers and its incidence and mortality increased rapidly in China. The comprehensive prevention of cervical cancer remains the most important target in the prevention of HPV‐attributable cancers.
A randomized phase 3 study of maintenance therapy with S‐1 plus best supportive care versus best supportive care after induction therapy with carboplatin plus S‐1 for advanced or relapsed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (WJOG7512L)
Authors: Tanaka Kaoru , Morita Satoshi , Ando Masahiko , Yokoyama Takuma , Nakamura Atsushi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Ishiguro Takashi , Miura Satoru , Toyozawa Ryo , Oguri Tetsuya , Daga Haruko , Ko Ryo , Bessho Akihiro , Tachihara Motoko , Iwamoto Yasuo , Hirano Katsuya , Nakanishi Yoichi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Okamoto Isamu 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundA randomized phase 3 study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with S‐1 after induction therapy with carboplatin plus S‐1 in patients with advanced squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsChemotherapy‐naive patients with advanced or relapsed squamous NSCLC were treated with carboplatin (area under the curve of 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks) plus S‐1 (40 mg/m2 twice per day on days 1‐14 every 3 weeks) as induction therapy. Patients who did not progress after 4 cycles of induction therapy were randomized to receive either S‐1 plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC alone. The primary objective of the study was to confirm the superiority of S‐1 plus BSC in comparison with BSC alone with respect to progression‐free survival.ResultsOf the 365 patients enrolled in the study, 347 participated in the induction phase, and 131 of these individuals were randomized to receive S‐1 plus BSC (n = 67) or BSC alone (n = 64). The risk of disease progression was significantly lower for patients in the S‐1 plus BSC arm than those in the BSC‐alone arm (hazard ratio, 0.548; 95% confidence interval, 0.374‐0.802; P = .0019). The most common toxicities during maintenance therapy with S‐1 included anorexia, anemia, and fatigue, but most cases were not severe.ConclusionsContinued maintenance with S‐1 plus BSC is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for patients with advanced squamous NSCLC previously treated with carboplatin plus S‐1.
Abnormal cytology in oropharyngeal brushings and in oral rinses is not associated with HPV infection: The OHMAR study
Authors: Benevolo Maria , Rollo Francesca , Giuliani Massimo , Pichi Barbara , Latini Alessandra , Pellini Raul , Vescio Maria Fenicia , Morrone Aldo , Cristaudo Antonio , Donà Maria Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundNo screening is available for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal cancers. The authors investigated whether cytology may be used as a screening tool and whether oral HPV infection is associated with cytologic abnormalities detected in oropharyngeal brushings and in oral rinse‐and‐gargle specimens from asymptomatic individuals at increased risk for oral HPV infection.MethodsSpecimens were collected from men who have sex with men at 6‐month intervals. Oropharyngeal samples and oral rinse‐and‐gargle specimens were collected using a cytobrush and mouthwash, respectively. Exfoliated cells were dispersed in PreservCyt. Liquid‐based slides were stained with Papanicolaou. An HPV genotyping test using a linear array was used for HPV detection. Associations with abnormal cytology were investigated using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 631 brushings and 802 rinses collected from 310 individuals were evaluated; of these specimens, 2 brushings (0.3%) and 10 rinses (1.2%) were inadequate for morphologic evaluation. Of the adequate samples, 35 of 629 brushings (5.5%) and 19 of 792 rinses (2.4%) were abnormal. No associations of high‐risk HPVs or HPV‐16 infection with cytologic abnormalities were observed for oropharyngeal brushings (high‐risk HPVs: odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 0.41‐3.50; P = .75; HPV‐16: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.10‐5.84; P = .79) or for oral rinses (high‐risk HPVs: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.26‐4.98; P = .87; HPV‐16: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.04‐10.60; P = .74). Concurrent moderate/heavy drinking and smoking significantly increased the risk of cytologic abnormalities in the brushings (hazard ratio, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.15‐20.43; P = .03).ConclusionsOral HPV infection by high‐risk HPVs and HPV‐16 does not confer an increased risk of cytologic abnormalities in oropharyngeal brushings and oral rinses. Abnormal cytology seems to be associated with smoking and drinking habits.
The zebrafish visual system transmits dimming information via multiple segregated pathways
Authors: Robles Estuardo , Fields Nicholas P. , Baier Herwig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVertebrate retinas contain circuits specialized to encode light level decrements. This information is transmitted to the brain by dimming‐sensitive OFF retinal ganglion cells (OFF‐RGCs) that respond to light decrements with increased firing. It is known that OFF‐RGCs with distinct photosensitivity profiles form parallel visual channels to the vertebrate brain, yet how these channels are processed by first‐ and higher order brain areas has not been well characterized in any species. To address this question in the larval zebrafish visual system, we examined the visual response properties of a genetically identified population of tectal neurons with a defined axonal projection to a second‐order visual area: id2b:gal4‐positive torus longitudinalis projection neurons (TLPNs). TLPNs responded consistently to whole‐field dimming stimuli and exhibited the strongest responses when dimming was preceded by low light levels. Functional characterization of OFF‐RGC terminals in tectum revealed responses that varied in their photosensitivities: (a) low‐sensitivity OFF‐RGCs that selectively respond to large light decrements, (b) high‐sensitivity OFF‐RGCs that selectively encode small decrements, and (c) broad sensitivity OFF‐RGCs that respond to a wide range of light decrements. Diverse photosensitivity profiles were also observed using pan‐neuronal calcium imaging to identify dimming‐responsive neurons in both tectum and torus longitudinalis. Together, these data support a model in which parallel OFF channels generated in the retina remain segregated across three stages of visual processing. Segregated OFF channels with different sensitivities may allow specific aspects of dimming‐evoked behaviors to be modulated by ambient light levels.
APEX2S: A two‐layer machine learning model for discovery of host‐pathogen protein‐protein interactions on cloud‐based multiomics data
Authors: Chen Huaming , Shen Jun , Wang Lei , Chi Chi‐Hung 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPresented by the avalanche of biological interactions data, computational biology is now facing greater challenges on big data analysis and solicits more studies to mine and integrate cloud‐based multiomics data, especially when the data are related to infectious diseases. Meanwhile, machine learning techniques have recently succeeded in different computational biology tasks. In this article, we have calibrated the focus for host‐pathogen protein‐protein interactions study, aiming to apply the machine learning techniques for learning the interactions data and making predictions. A comprehensive and practical workflow to harness different cloud‐based multiomics data is discussed. In particular, a novel two‐layer machine learning model, namely APEX2S, is proposed for discovery of the protein‐protein interactions data. The results show that our model can better learn and predict from the accumulated host‐pathogen protein‐protein interactions.
Do ESG scores effect bank risk taking and value? Evidence from European banks
Authors: Di Tommaso Caterina , Thornton John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine whether environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores of European banks impact on their risk‐taking behavior and on bank value. We find that high ESG scores are associated with a modest reduction in risk‐taking for banks that are high or low risk‐takers, and that the impact is conditional on executive board characteristics. These findings are consistent with the “stakeholder” view of ESG activities. However, high ESG scores are also associated with a reduction in bank value consistent with the “overinvestment” view of ESG whereby scare resources are diverted from investment. The decline in bank value occurs notwithstanding a positive indirect link between ESG scores and bank value through their impact on risk taking. We conclude that there is a trade‐off between reducing bank risk‐taking and a more stable financial system on the one hand and bank value on the other.
Granular measures of agricultural land use influence lake nitrogen and phosphorus differently at macroscales
Authors: Stachelek Jemma , Weng W. , Carey C. C. , Kemanian A. R. , Cobourn K. M. , Wagner T. , Weathers K. C. , Soranno P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural land use is typically associated with high stream nutrient concentrations and increased nutrient loading to lakes. For lakes, evidence for these associations mostly comes from studies on individual lakes or watersheds that relate concentrations of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to aggregate measures of agricultural land use, such as the proportion of land used for agriculture in a lake’s watershed. However, at macroscales (i.e., in hundreds to thousands of lakes across large spatial extents), there is high variability around such relationships and it is unclear whether considering more granular (or detailed) agricultural data, such as fertilizer application, planting of specific crops, or the extent of near‐stream cropping, would improve prediction and inform understanding of lake nutrient drivers. Furthermore, it is unclear whether lake N and P would have different relationships to such measures and whether these relationships would vary by region, since regional variation has been observed in prior studies using aggregate measures of agriculture. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined relationships between granular measures of agricultural activity and lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in 928 lakes and their watersheds in the Northeastern and Midwest U.S. using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach. We found that both lake TN and TP concentrations were related to these measures of agriculture, especially near‐stream agriculture. The relationships between measures of agriculture and lake TN concentrations were more regionally variable than those for TP. Conversely, TP concentrations were more strongly related to lake‐specific measures like depth and watershed hydrology relative to TN. Our finding that lake TN and TP concentrations have different relationships with granular measures of agricultural activity has implications for the design of effective and efficient policy approaches to maintain and improve water quality.