bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ratio of changes in construction costs and development index of the standard analysis of construction costs for state buildings
Authors: Rachman Waliulu Yusroniya Eka Putri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Wages rate and material price are an important part of a construction cost. The Construction Cost Index (CCI) that has been developed which applies to a certain area or period a basis for determining the bid price. This index is also very useful to forecasting construction cost which should reflect the comparison of wages rate and material price changes over time. Standard Construction Cost Analysis per m2 is one of the performance budget instruments to assess the budget of a construction project. Surabaya City Government applies that standard in set up government budget. SCC is composed of several Unit Price Analysis with a certain volume that design has been standardized. The composition of the labour and material price index, as a cost driver for Standar Construction Cost Analysis based on time units are expected to be used in the preparative of cost estimates for Building Construction and further research related to the effect of price increases on construction costs. The results obtained from this study are the construction cost change ratio in Surabaya for 2013-2016 increased average 17.3% per year; start from 2016 - 2020 increased not over 6,5% per year. Where as material cost change ratio tends to increase every year, except for 2014 - 2015 which has increase dramatically. In the other hand the labour price index indicate a constant increase because it was related to the Surabaya City Minimum Wage Rates, but in the early year in data (2013-2014) the Minimum Wage Rates significantly increased. In 2017-2018 labour cost change ratio increased more higher and material cost change ratio turn to decreased because the analysis used new guidelines for Analysis of Work Unit Prices for Public Works (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia number 28 / PRT / M / 2016). The average component weight of the CCI according to the development of price are labour and foreman (41,3%), stone / brick (10,7%), roof truss and cover (10,4%), cement (8%), floor cover and paint (7,4%), wood (6,8%), iron bar (5,6%), accessories and complement (5,6%) and sand (4,2%). Material cost index tends to increase every year, except for 2018 and 2019 which has decreased. Whereas labour cost index indicated a constant increase because it was related to the UMK (City Minimum Wage) Surabaya. So that the CCI from 2013 to 2020 has increased from 1,00 to 1,93.
Study of partnership form to improve idle land based on risk management
Authors: Prawiro B Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Assets for the company are important capital in running the company’s business. One form of company assets is land. Land assets are immovable assets provided in the Company’s Fixed Assets as long as they are not traded. Generally, land assets can be valuable if it’s sold or developed. If developed, land assets can contribute productively to the company, but conversely if these land assets are not developed (idle) will contribute non-productive to the company. Development of land assets can be done by companies itself or partnership with partners. Land assets contributing to non-productive asset will causes some problem such as legal problems and the cost of securing land assets. Legal problems will result in legal costs incurred to solve it. While the costs of securing land assets will continue to arise as long as the land assets are still attached to the Company or have not yet been developed. The purpose of this study is to response those problem. The writer examines the form of cooperation that can be carried out in accordance with regulations, dominant risk variables according to partnership, and then conducts case studies that will encourage risk-based forms of partnership.
Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete with fly-ash from Paiton Steam Power Plant and variations of substitution sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) with natural zeolite
Authors: Amini I N , Krisnamurti  , Wahyuningtyas W T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is one of the technological innovations of concrete without cement. It was prepared using fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, fly-ash, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). In the production of geopolymer concrete, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide serve as an alkaline activator. One of the natural materials that can be used as an alternative material is natural zeolite. Zeolit contains high silica and alumina, that expected to increase the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. This research aims to develop geopolymer concrete technology by understanding the setting time behaviour and compressive strength by substitution sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) with natural zeolite. The percentage of zeolite that substitute for sodium silicate is 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5 %. The molarity of NaOH is 12 M. Meanwhile, the ratio of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate is 1:2.5. Compressive strength testing is carried out on cylindrical specimens 10 cm × 20 cm. The results show that natural zeolite can accelerate the setting time of geopolymer paste. The fastest initial setting time is 48 minutes. Meanwhile, the final setting time is 60 minutes in geopolymer paste with substitution sodium silicate using 7.5 % zeolite. In addition, for compressive strength results, zeolite can increase compressive strength. The highest average of compressive strength results is 46.07 Mpa in substitution of Na2SiO3 with 7.5 % zeolite.
The effect of curing in soil and compound on compressive strength of concrete quality fc’ 25 MPa
Authors: Karjanto A , Djatmika B , Yoh WH , Susanto PB 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Concrete is a material that dominates high-rise building construction materials, because concrete materials are easy to obtain and able to withstand very large loads. In addition, concrete can be made in various forms so that according to needs and can beautify the shape of a building, easy to maintain, durable and relatively cheap prices. But in the implementation of using concrete, there are times when found concrete needs to be perforated on its appearance for the purposes of supporting facilities for building functions such as sanitation, gas, hydrants and others. To increase the compressive strength of concrete so that it meets the desired requirements in addition to the quality of the material, the casting process is also required after the casting. This treatment can be done by several methods, among others: immersion in water, wrapped in wet burlap sacks, watering with water, spraying by compounding, and can also be done by landfilling. Through treatment is expected to be obtained the quality of concrete as planned. Because with the maintenance of concrete, the security of the building structures made of concrete will be assured security. Beside that, concrete is required for minimum usage of 50 years. Therefore the research was carried out with the title “Effect of Soaking (Curing) in Soil and Compound on Compressive Strength of Concrete Quality Fc ’25” MPa by using 40 cylindrical concrete specimens and each treatment consisted of 8 test specimens with 300 high dimensions mm and a diameter of 150 mm. Results of a strong test of concrete press performed after the concrete aged 14 days and subsequently converted to a 28-day old concrete produce : Strong high average press that is on concrete with the treatment of using water immersion with a strong press of 23.78 MPa, while the lowest average press is in concrete with the treatment of using a strong burlap sack with a tekasn of 21.88 MPa. Concrete elastic modulus testing using 4 specimens produces an average modulus of elasticity of 24919.59 Mpa.
Structural Equation Model (SEM) between risk, safety control systems of risk, and OHS programs on OHS costs in rusunawa projects
Authors: Harianja A S , Latief Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is a continuous hampering of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in the construction budget due to its consideration as an extra cost. This means decisions on OHS are usually made based on the economics aspect instead of focusing on the ethics and basic rights to a safe workplace. This research was, therefore, conducted to analyze the relationship between risk, its safety control systems, OHS programs, and OHS costs, and also to determine the factors with the dominant effects on OHS costs using the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the use of Rusunawa projects as a case study.
3D Finite element modeling of circular reinforced concrete column confined with CFRP under different eccentric loads
Authors: Christianto A B , Piscesa B , Attard M M , Faimun  , Aji P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents nonlinear finite element analysis of eccentrically loaded circular Reinforced Concrete (RC) column confined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The purpose of this study is to validate the proposed plasticity-fracture model of Piscesa et. al. (2019) to model RC column confined with CFRP under eccentric loading. The software used in the simulation is and inhouse finite element package called 3D-NFLEA. Two available specimens in the literature are investigated and an existing numerical result is also included for comparison purposes. From the analysis and investigation, it was found out that the negative effect of confinement at the outer concrete region was caused by significant difference between the concrete dilation rate at the inner to the outer concrete core region. In addition, From the comparison, close agreement between the numerical models and the available test result are discovered in this study. As for the column ductility, it was found out that the column ductility was higher for column with larger initial load eccentricity.
The structural behavior of castellated beam with shape variation using finite element methods
Authors: Yustisia V W , Suswanto B , Irawan D , Iranata D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Castella steel is an alternative material used in the structure of beams and columns in the construction of a building. Castella web holes in previous studies mentioned the following: hexagonal, honeycomb, octagonal, diamond, and hexagonal. The advantage of using the castella steel beam is that it has a higher web geometry without increasing its weight so that it could add up the inertia value of its profile. The purpose of this study is to analyze castella steel beams with various geometric shapes such as hexagonal, octagonal, and diamond with couple plates on the web weld joints to determine the behavior of castella steel beams when receiving axial loads using the finite element method of the abaqus. Analysis of the behavior of castella steel beams, with or without using of a plate, does not significantly influence the deflection that occurs. However, the addition of the coupled plate has a significant influence on the stress-strain value in the welded joints on the web. Hence, the addition of a plate coupled to the web joints of the castella steel beam profile is highly recommended to support strength resistance as a long-term structure. Analysis of the performance of castella steel beams by the addition of coupled plates for each castella hole with a load equal to 75 kN, resulting in the best capability on the value of the displacement is the hexagonal profile that is 12.839mm compared to other profile displacements of 14.433mm diamond hole profiles and 14.972 octagonal hole profiles.
Temperature dependence and activation energy of electrical conduction in an engineered cementitious composite
Authors: Suryanto B , Saraireh D , Tambusay A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electrical impedance of an engineered cementitious composite was measured over the temperature range 7-60°c and data are presented over the frequency range 20Hz-1MHz. The work has highlighted that the resistive and reactive components of the complex impedance both displayed an inverse relationship with temperature. When presented in an Arrhenius format, the bulk resistance displayed a linear response over the entire temperature range studied and the activation energy, Ea
, for electrical conduction was evaluated as 21.7 kJ/mol (0.22 eV/ion).
Design of the strong and durable of flexible pavement on road segment with the heavy traffic and overloads
Authors: Sutoyo  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The arterial road sections are generally heavy vehicles that tend to exceed the standard load so that the existing pavement surface is not able to survive according to the design life despite using modified asphalt. This has been proven by the occurrence of a heavy damage in a relatively short time on most primary arterial roads in Indonesia. In this paper, the method of implementation and criteria for the construction of pavement layers with a certain thickness has been prepared according to the planning standard for the volume of excessive vehicle loads and taking into account extreme weather conditions in Indonesia. There are three (3) main things in this paper that become an important factor in determining the structure of a solid and durable; they are the sand as layer controlling deflection (stabilizer), the weight of the Vibratory roller more than 25 tons to achieve maximum of compaction energy for base course, and a single-layer of AC-Base as a surface layer as anticipation of rutting and bleeding. Single overlays in each layer are rigidly constraining overall construction, while the sand layer can neutralize deflection due to overload and force due to the vertical force of subgrade, so that these three factors are energy deposits in the pavement construction that will work when an increase in load exceeds the standard.
2D numerical modeling of the Jeneberang River Flood due to the overflow of the Bili-Bili Dam
Authors: Aslam  , Lasminto U 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh rainfall at the end of January 2019 in South Sulawesi, especially in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed, caused an increase in the height and volume of water in the Bili-Bili dam reservoir. The elevation of the water level was recorded on January 22, 2019 at 18:00 WITA reaching +101.87 m ASL above the normal water level elevation of +99.50 m ASL. In accordance with the spillway door operating pattern, if the water level exceeds the normal water level elevation limit, the dam floodgates must be opened to prevent dam collapse. To find out the impact caused, it is necessary to numerically model the flow velocity, depth, and inundation area in the downstream area of the Jeneberang river caused by overflow of discharge from the Bili-Bili Dam spillway. The data used are the flow hydrograph data from the outflow of 10-hour dam outflow as an upstream boundary condition and the rating of the rubber dam rating curve downstream of the Jeneberang river as a downstream boundary condition. The 2D research area focuses on 2 sub-districts directly adjacent to the Jeneberang river, namely Pallangga and Somba Opu sub-districts. From the results of flood simulations using the 2D HEC-RAS numerical model, the flow velocity is between 0.57m / s to 4.84 m / s, the depth is between 1.70 m and 7.38 m, and the inundation area is 1.7 km2. These results were then calibrated with the results of observations and measurements in the field of the former high flood inundation in the building and the results of interviews with the affected communities which found that the simulation results correlated well at the seven points of measurement in the field using RMSE which is 0.37.
Numerical simulation of the water level of the channel and the Kalidami boezem by pump operation
Authors: Setiawan B , Lasminto U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Analysis of water level in a reservoir such as Boezem is needed. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the procedures implemented in managing the Boezem are appropriate to deal with various situations. To do this, a simulation is needed so that the movement of water in the channel to the Boezem can be analyzed. This research was conducted at Kalidami Boezem in the city of Surabaya which has an area of 20,936.69 m2 with an average depth of Boezem of 3.8 m. The simulation is carried out using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM 5.1) application with rain data on February 25, 2020 and a 5-year return period rainfall data. The simulation results show that the model constructed has been calibrated based on the RMSE method and produced an error value of 0.11. Because the model has been well calibrated, it will be possible to do next simulation to see how the Channel and Boezem are performing to deal with various scenarios that might be encountered later on. Based on the results of hydraulic simulation using a 5-year return period rainfall data, it can be seen that within 45 minutes, Kalidami Boezem has been filled with water.
The benefits of river normalization of Guntur weir upstream to irrigation area service in Demak Regency Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Imawan A Y , Wahyudi S I , Wahyudi N R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Guntur weir is located in Demak Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The damage occurred in the upstream of Guntur Weir, mainly due to sedimentation. The cross-sectional area of the river becomes smaller so that when heavy rainfall, river water overflows and breaks the levees. These problems also disrupt water supply to irrigation channels where sedimentation covers the entrance of the Guntur Intake Weir. The purposes of this study are to determine the condition of the Guntur weir before and after the normalization work, the benefits of the Jragung river normalization work. This study was performed by analyzing hydrological data to find out the water balance, flood discharge, and the benefits analysis of the Jragung River normalization work. Based on the analysis using the HEC RAS application at Guntur Weir, an increase of Guntur Weir storage from 1002.5 m3 to 88280.525 m3. Flood discharge calculation using the HEC RAS application shows normalization work has benefits to reduce the potential flooding in the upstream of the Guntur Weir and also increase the ability of Guntur Weir to supply water needs for the Guntur Irrigation Area. The result used to adapt the operation Guntur Weir gate.
Numerical modeling of sub-surface drainage systems in Citraland, West Surabaya
Authors: Dwiuntoroadi S , Lasminto U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Flooding occurs when the existing drainage system is unable to accommodate the water flow, that is due to a decreased drainage system capacity, increased flow of water, or a combination of both. On January 31, 2019, two hours of heavy rain caused Citraland housing to be flooded up to one meter high. This study aims to overcome the existing flooding problems through the assessment of sub-surface drainage systems for hilly areas in the Citraland residential area, Surabaya. Annual rainfall data from the rain stations around the residential area will be processed according to the proportion of the area to get a rain analysis plan that will be used in modeling. Plan rainfall data, area data and types of land cover, and catchment area data are analyzed hydrologically to get the design discharge. The hydraulic data of the dimensions of the existing drainage system will be analyzed for the capacity in flowing of Flow Plan. The Drainage System is then modeled using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) application. Through using topographic data and land cover, four alternative solutions have been modeled which include the addition of water reservoirs in various housing locations to overcome existing flooding. The results of this study are the second scenario through the addition of one water reservoirs which can handle flooding most effectively because it reduces 34.61% of the inundation volume that occurs. In addition, the fourth scenario through the addition of three water reservoirs can reduce 57.82% of the inundation volume that occurs.
Graphdiyne family-tunable solution to shock resistance
Authors: Xia Kang , Zhan Haifei , Zhang Xinjie , Li Zhiyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The excellent mechanical properties of Graphdiyne (GDY) family has enabled it as an appealing candidate in the field of impact protection. In this in silico study, Monolayer GDY nanosheets of different morphology including GDY, GY-3, GY-4, GY-5 and GY-6 are assessed under hypervelocity impacts (from 1 to 6 km s−1). Tracking the deformation mechanisms under impacts as well as the Probability density function based on atomic Von Mises stress distribution, the length of acetylenic chain clearly alters ductile behavior as well as the energy dissipation/delocalization rate of GDY family during the impact. Results also suggest the penetration energy is not only determined by the energy delocalization rate but also sensitive to impact velocity for nanosheet with various acetylenic chain length. GY-5 with a much lower energy delocalization rate presents a close penetration energy comparing with GDY at a low impact at ∼2.0 km s−1, its superior ductility granted by long acetylenic chain not only dissipates kinetic energy of projectile via deformation, but also extends time for acceleration during the contact with projectile. Considering the impact resist performance of GDY family in terms of Specific penetration energy, GY-5 with the perfect balance between material density, ductility and Young’s modulus makes it the superior anti-ballistic material for impact velocity at <5 km s−1. For impact velocity >5 km s−1, it induces severer local deformation, and leaves no time for a well-developed distributed pattern as observed in a lower impact velocity scenario. As such, extensive elastic deformation of the nanosheet is not captured under impact, nanosheets with shorter acetylenic chains and hence greater material strength demonstrates superior impact resist. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the deformation and penetration mechanisms of monolayer GDY nanosheets under impact, which is crucial in order to facilitate their emerging applications for impact protection.
Desirability combined response surface methodology approach for optimization of prednisolone acetate loaded chitosan nanoparticles and in-vitro assessment.
Authors: Iftikhar Syed Yasir , Iqbal Furqan Muhammad , Hassan Waseem , Nasir Bushra , Sarwar Abdur Rehman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the current study was to design and optimize prednisolone acetate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) through design experts for ophthalmic drug delivery. Chitosan NPs were prepared by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The effects of variables, such as chitosan concentration, chitosan to TPP mass ratio (ch:TPP), and prednisolone concentration on particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI), were studied using a three-factor three-level central composite design (CCD), and optimum experimental conditions were determined using the desirability function combined response surface methodology (RSM). Quadratic and reduced quadratic polynomial models were generated to predict and evaluate the independent variables with respect to the dependent variables. The composition of the optimal formulation was determined to be a chitosan concentration of 0.26%, chitosan to TPP mass ratio of 6:1, and drug concentration with respect to chitosan mass of 8.11%. The optimized formulation showed a percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE) of 78.32%, mean particle size of 193.5, PDI of 0.219, ZP of 10.3 mV, and 86.15% cumulative drug release. The morphology of the NPs was found to be nearly spherical in shape by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed successful loading of the drug in NPs, and FTIR confirmed polymer and drug compatibility.