bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in C−N Bond Formation via N‐Centered Radicals from N‐Aminopyridinium Reagents
Authors: Sajjad Farrukh , Lu Cheng , Chen Tie‐Gen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNitrogen‐centered radicals (NCRs) have gained significant attention due to their high reactivity, which facilitates many useful and challenging transformations, particularly in the formation of C−N bonds. In this regard, N‐aminopridinium reagents are easily accessible substrates that readily generate N‐centered radicals, which can be trapped by arenes, olefins, alkynes and even alkanes under visible light irradiation. In recent years, amination strategies involving N‐aminopyridinium salts have grown remarkably and attracted considerable interest within the synthetic community. This review comprehensively includes all the significant advances in C−N bond construction via N‐centered radicals derived from N‐aminopyridinium substrates.
Ni‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted Allenes via Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Propargylic Acetates with Chlorohydrosilanes
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Deng Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative strategy for the synthesis of multisubstituted allenes via nickel‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reactions. The approach utilizes propargyl acetates and chlorosilanes to produce a variety of silyl‐substituted allenes. The reaction conditions are notably mild, and the process is characterized by high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, as well as an impressive substrate scope. Furthermore, the method can be readily extended to the use of chlorogermane and chlorostannane, facilitating the synthesis of germanium or stannium‐substituted allenes. This research not only offers a valuable strategy for the preparation of multisubstituted allenes but also significantly broadens the synthetic repertoire for the construction of highly functionalized molecules.
p‐Anisil as a Versatile Catalyst for the E‐to‐Z Photoisomerization of Activated Alkenes ‐ Application in Late‐Stage Modification of Small Molecule Drugs, Di‐ and Tripeptides
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. Q. , Hansen Peter R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐throughput experimentation was employed to discover p‐Anisil as a highly effective and versatile catalysts for the E‐to‐Z photoisomerization of cinnamic acid derivatives and other activated alkenes. This new catalytic system tolerated a number of functional groups found in medicinal chemistry. The discovery enabled the preparation of previously unknown complex Z‐alkenes in two steps directly from drugs or peptides.
Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Self‐Centering Braced Double‐Column Rocking Bent
Authors: Dong Huihui , Ma Rui , Bi Kaiming , Han Qiang , Su Can , Du Xiuli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe self‐centering braced double‐column rocking bent (SBR bent) consisting of a double‐column rocking bent and two replaceable braces in a chevron arrangement scenario has been developed to enhance the seismic resilience of bridge structures. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of the SBR bent with energy dissipation braces (EDBs) and the self‐centering energy dissipation braces (SCEBs). To this end, first, the design criteria of the SBR bent were developed, and a simplified analytical model was established to predict the force‐displacement relationship of the SBR bent. Subsequently, in order to meet the large deformation capacity of the rocking bent, U‐plate energy dissipation braces (as U‐EDBs) and self‐centering combined disc spring U‐plate braces (as U‐SCEB) acting as replaceable braces were developed and tested to investigate their hysteretic behavior. The experiments on two 1:3 scaled SBR bents with the two types of replaceable braces (i.e., U‐EDBs and U‐SCEBs) subjected to quasi‐static loading protocols, were then carried out to investigate their seismic performance. For comparison, a cast‐in‐place Reinforced concrete (RC) bent and a self‐centering rocking bent without brace (SR bent) were also designed and tested. The results indicated that the self‐centering combined disc spring U‐plate brace exhibits a typical flag‐shaped curve, in particular, has a large deformation capacity. Furthermore, SBR bent featured with prominent seismic performance in terms of large load‐carrying capacity, excellent self‐centering capability and stable energy dissipation ability, minor or no physical damage. Moreover, the external braces can be easily replaced if they are damaged after a severe earthquake.
Assessment of Dementia in Minority Ethnic Groups in Europe: A 14‐Year Follow‐Up Survey
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , de Mendonça Alexandre , Frölich Lutz , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Gove Dianne , Lamirel Daphné , Calia Clara , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is no European consensus on good clinical practice for timely diagnosis and culturally appropriate care of people with dementia from minority ethnic groups. Despite significant advances in culture‐sensitive dementia diagnostics, little is known about how this has been implemented in clinical practice. The aims of this follow‐up survey were to explore current practices for assessing dementia in patients from minority ethnic groups in Europe and to determine whether barriers in access to specialized dementia services have changed during the last 14 years.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted in the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) in June 2023. The survey utilized questionnaires from a previous EADC survey from 2009 and focused on different points in the clinical assessment of dementia in patients from minority ethnic groups.ResultsThirty‐three centers from 15 countries participated in the survey, of which 21 were the same as in the 2009 survey. Patients from minority ethnic groups were seen on a regular basis in 91% of these centers, which was a significant increase compared to 2009 (69%, p = 0.04). Despite perceived clinical expertise increasing, implemented strategies for bypassing cultural and linguistic barriers were sparse and communication problems and lack of adequate assessment tools continued to be the main perceived barriers in diagnostic assessment of dementia in minority ethnic groups.ConclusionsPatients from minority ethnic groups are increasingly being referred for diagnostic assessment of dementia in Europe. Despite some improvements, diagnostic challenges generally remained the same as in 2009 and there is a continuous need to implement effective cross‐cultural communication and assessment practices.
Piloting a citizen science approach to auditing rural walkability in Tasmania
Authors: Jose Kim , Rowbotham Samantha , Laird Yvonne , Stanesby Oliver , Marks Leah , Garvey Kate , Cleland Verity 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople living in ‘walkable’ areas are more active, but common approaches to assessing walkability using audit tools and geospatial data have limitations in rural areas. This project explored the feasibility, acceptability and benefits of using a citizen science approach to audit walkability in rural communities.MethodsUsing a citizen science approach, community members in rural towns completed audit tools and photographs to capture walkability. Researchers collated data and facilitated workshops with community members to identify priorities for action. The feasibility of applying a citizen science approach was evaluated through surveys and interviews with citizen scientists and project team members.ResultsThree rural Australian towns (population 300; 850; 2890) were included, with a total of 10 community members (1–6 per town) completing audits and 13 (4–9 per town) attending workshops. It was feasible for citizen scientists to complete audits to identify environmental and physical attributes and impediments to walking. It was less feasible for citizen scientists to audit local policies and programs. Workshops enabled a broader and deeper understanding of the data, and represent a crucial aspect of the citizen science process. Citizen scientists were motivated by a desire to improve their community. Lack of diversity among citizen scientists, safety and recruitment were limitations.Conclusion/DiscussionCitizen science was a feasible and acceptable approach for auditing rural walkability, generating a rich and deep understanding of how the built environment impacts walking. Citizen science allows researchers, policy makers and community members to work together to generate data and establish priorities.So What?Citizen science has the potential to support the involvement of members of the public in research and decision‐making in health promotion. Researchers need to adopt strategies to ensure diversity among citizen scientists as well as consider the support needs of citizen scientists when adopting this approach.
Effect of Citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas on anxiety and vital signs in cardiac care unit patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mahmoodabadipoor Fatemeh , Imani‐Goghary Zahra , Balvardi Mohadeseh , Nouhi Esmat 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimComplementary therapies, such as aromatherapy, were used to manage acute and chronic symptoms of diseases. Anxiety symptoms and deviations in vital signs are frequently manifest in patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas on anxiety levels and vital signs of patients hospitalized in CCU.MethodsIn this clinical research trial (CRT), a total of 76 hospitalized patients in the CCU were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received aromatherapy using a blend of chamomile and citrus aurantium essences at a ratio of 2:0.5 on an eye pad. They inhaled the aromas from a distance of 10 cm for three nights. Vital signs were recorded every 6 h. Spielberger's anxiety questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t‐tests, paired t‐tests, Chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach.ResultsBefore the aromatherapy, the mean (SD) scores of state and trait anxiety in the intervention group were 57.9 (11.4) and 50 (12.5) respectively, after the intervention, these scores decreased to 35.3 (8.4) and 38.5 (8.2), and the paired t‐test revealed a significant difference between them (p < 0.001). Before the intervention there was no significant difference in the mean scores of state and trait anxiety between the two groups, (p > 0.05), however following the intervention, a significant difference was observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, the intervention resulted in the recovery of patients' heart rate.ConclusionsThe results showed, application of citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas significantly lower anxiety levels and enhance the hemodynamic status of patients in the CCU. It may be suggested as a beneficial nursing intervention for these patients.
Understanding the Burden of Lennox−Gastaut Syndrome: Implications for Patients, Caregivers, and Society in High and Low Resource Settings: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mourid Marina Ramzy , Oduoye Malik Olatunde 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLennox−Gastaut syndrome (LGS) poses significant challenges in diagnosis, management, and treatment due to its rare nature, diverse presentation, and drug‐resistant seizures. While classical features aid diagnosis, challenges persist, impacting patient care and outcomes. Understanding the syndrome's burden is essential for improving healthcare policies and interventions.AimThis literature review aimed to comprehensively analyze clinical symptom burden, comorbidities, care requirements, quality of life (QoL), economic burden, caregiver burden, and treatment burden to pinpoint knowledge gaps for future research and intervention development, ultimately aiming to enhance the well‐being of patients and caregivers.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases and manual searches to analyze clinical symptom burden, comorbidities, care requirements, QoL, economic burden, caregiver burden, and treatment burden associated with LGS.ResultsLGS significantly impacts the QoL for patients, with seizures, cognitive impairment, and social challenges affecting various aspects of daily living. Caregivers, particularly mothers, face significant stress and exhaustion, impacting their own health and well‐being. Healthcare resource utilization is substantial, with elevated costs for LGS patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment is prevalent and worsens over time, influencing educational and social outcomes. Prognosis varies based on factors like age of onset, underlying cause, and genetic factors, with limited treatment options available.ConclusionManaging LGS requires tailored approaches addressing seizures, comorbidities, and caregiver needs. While advancements in treatments and surgical techniques offer hope, challenges persist in achieving optimal outcomes and reducing the societal burden. The management of LGS involves a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, tailored to the individual patient's needs and response to treatment. Regular follow‐up with a neurologist specialized in epilepsy is crucial for ongoing management, including annual reassessment of the diagnosis and treatment plan. The primary focus should always be on optimizing the patient's QoL, including learning and behavioral management, as complete seizure remission is rare.
Treatment Outcomes of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Among Advanced Cancer Patients Attending Palliative Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh: An Observational Study
Authors: Rouf Rafsana , Bhuiyan A. K. M. Motiur Rahman , Alam Afroja , Chowdhury Mostofa Kamal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimHypercalcemia is one of the most common complications of advanced malignancy. Treatment of hypercalcemia among advanced cancer patients often gives rise to complex ethical issues. This study aims to explore treatment outcomes of hypercalcemia among advanced cancer patients so that palliative care physicians can design cost‐effective and efficient approaches to diagnosis and treatment for these patients.MethodsThis observational study was conducted among 31 advanced (stages III and IV) cancer patients diagnosed with hypercalcemia of malignancy admitted to the Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from June to December 2023. The patients were observed on the day of admission and followed up on 3rd and 7th day for assessment of their response to the received treatment. Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, paired and unpaired t‐tests were done to assess the treatment response and changes in the clinical characteristics of the patients.ResultAfter 3 days of rehydration therapy, the mean serum calcium level decreased significantly from 12.43 ± 1.96 to 10.82 ± 2.07 after treatment, with a significant p‐value of < 0.001. For the management of remaining hypercalcemic patients, intravenous bisphosphonates are used in conjunction with normal saline. There was a substantial decrease in the mean value of serum calcium level from 12.66 ± 1.91 to 10.27 ± 0.75 after treatment with normal saline and bisphosphonate on the 7th day. The majority of patients (64.5%) showed improvement following treatment. A smaller percentage (16.1%) remained hypercalcemic even after getting all treatments. Unfortunately, 19.4% died, possibly due to the progressive nature of the disease along with hypercalcemia.ConclusionMalignant hypercalcemia is a potentially fatal, undiagnosed, and undertreated complication of advanced malignancy. It is essential for palliative care physicians to identify hypercalcemia and develop comprehensive care plan to optimize the treatment outcomes.
A Comparison of Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Creatinine‐Cystatin C Based Equations in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ampiah Kweku Amoah , Afari Richard , Osei‐Assibey Jude , Asamoah Ramseyer , Acheampong Amos , Dzata Lawrence , Kyei‐Mensah Joseph , Ahenkorah‐Fonjo Linda , Sakyi Samuel A. , Abakah‐Yawson Albert , Kotam Gabriel Pezahso , Ephraim Richard K. D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimChronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS infection, with kidney dysfunction progressing to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). We tested the diagnostic performance of creatinine, cystatin c, and the combined (creatinine + cystatin c)‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in assessing kidney dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Saltpond District Hospital, Ghana.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 100 HIV/AIDS patients on ART at the Saltpond District Hospital was conducted. Anthropometric data (height, waist circumference, and weight), blood pressure, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from all enrolled participants through questionnaires. Venous blood was collected for creatinine and cystatin estimation. Urine was also collected and a spot test for micro‐albuminuria was performed.ResultsOur study revealed a mean serum creatinine level of 82.60 ± 21.69 with serum creatinine within the normal range for both female and male participants. The eGFR‐Scr seems to have a better eGFR/CKD classification performance than the eGFR‐Scys‐c and eGFR combined (Scr + Scys). At similar cut‐off values, eGFR‐Scr + Scys showed the greatest diagnostic performance in HIV/AIDS patients, with the largest AUC (AUC = 0.91) in the ROC plot with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 11%.ConclusionsThe combined (Scr + Scys) based eGFR equation has the best diagnostic performance in predicting kidney insufficiency/CKD in HIV/AIDS patients on ART. Serum cystatin c‐based estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR‐Scr) equation is better for assessing kidney function for patients with eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and eGFR‐Scr based equations are better in eGFR/CKD classification and staging.
The effects of a bioavailable curcumin formulation on Alzheimer's disease pathologies: A potential risk for neuroinflammation
Authors: Cade Shaun , Prestidge Clive , Zhou Xin‐Fu , Bobrovskaya Larisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by the presence of two proteinaceous deposits in the brain. These pathologies may be a consequence of complex interactions between neurons and glia before the onset of cognitive impairments. Curcumin, a bioactive compound found in turmeric, is a promising candidate for AD because it alleviates neuropathologies in mouse models of the disease. Although its clinical efficacy has been hindered by low oral bioavailability, the development of new formulations may overcome this limitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a bioavailable curcumin formulation in a mouse model of AD. The formulation was administered to mice in drinking water after encapsulation into micelles using a previously validated method. A neuropathological assessment was performed to determine if it slows or alters the course of the disease. Cognitive performance was not included because it had already been assessed by a previous study. The bioavailable curcumin formulation was unable to alter the size or number of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model. In addition, mechanisms that regulate amyloid beta production were unchanged, suggesting that the disease had not been altered. The number of reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus was not altered by curcumin. However, protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein were increased overall in the brain, suggesting that it may have aggravated neuroinflammation. Therefore, a higher dosage, despite its enhanced oral bioavailability, may have a potential risk for neuroinflammation.
Etiology of prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion: A systematic review of risk factors
Authors: McGrath Colleen B. , Shreves Alaina H. , Shanahan Megan R. , Guard Hannah E. , Nhliziyo Manelisi V. , Pernar Claire H. , Penney Kathryn L. , Lotan Tamara L. , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Mucci Lorelei A. , Stopsack Konrad H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe most common somatic alteration in primary prostate cancer is the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion, which may be caused or promoted by distinct etiologic factors. The objective of this systematic review was to assess epidemiologic evidence on etiologic factors for prostate cancer by tumor TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status in human populations. Of 3071 publications identified, 19 cohort or case–control studies from six distinct study populations were included in this systematic review. Etiologic factors included germline genetic variants, circulating hormones, and dietary and lifestyle factors. Taller height, higher total and free testosterone levels, and fewer trinucleotide repeats in AR were possibly associated with higher risk of TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive prostate cancer. Excess body weight, greater vigorous physical activity, higher lycopene intake, and the use of calcium channel blockers were associated with lower risk of TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive prostate cancer. Diabetes and family history of prostate cancer were associated with both TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive and TMPRSS2:ERG‐negative prostate cancer. Prostate cancer germline variants had suggestive differential associations with TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive or TMPRSS2:ERG‐negative prostate cancer. However, results were based on few distinct study populations and generally had low precision, underscoring the need for replication. In conclusion, prostate cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is an etiologically distinct subtype that may be, in part, preventable by addressing modifiable and hormonally acting etiologic factors that align with the established mechanistic role of TMPRSS2:ERG in androgen, insulin, antioxidant, and growth factor pathways.
Practical advice for extracellular vesicle isolation in plant–microbe interactions: Concerns, considerations, and conclusions
Authors: Thieron Hannah , Krassini Laura , Kwon Seomun , Fricke Sebastian , Nasfi Sabrine , Oberkofler Lorenz , Ruf Alessa , Kehr Julia , Kogel Karl‐Heinz , Weiberg Arne , Feldbrügge Michael , Robatzek Silke , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel key players in plant–microbe interactions. While it is immensely useful to draw on the established “minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles” (MISEV) guidelines and precedents in mammalian systems, working with plants and their associated microbes poses specific challenges. To navigate researchers through these obstacles, we offer detailed step‐by‐step suggestions for those embarking on EV research in the context of plant–microbe interactions. The advice is based on recent publications and our collective experience from the diverse plant and microbe systems studied in a dedicated research consortium. We provide considerations for experimental design, optimization, quality control, and recommendations on how to increase yield, purity, and reproducibility of EV isolation. With this perspective article, we aim not only to assist researchers in our field but also to promote discussions on plant and microbe EVs in the broader EV community.