bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of preferential flow and agroecosystem management on subsurface particulate phosphorus loadings in tile‐drained landscapes
Authors: Nazari Saeid , Ford William I. , King Kevin W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent research on tile‐drainage has placed emphasis on dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) delivery and transport pathways but less emphasis on particulate P (PP), resulting in its exclusion from agricultural water management models. In this study, we quantified the fluxes, mechanisms, and factors driving PP delivery into tiles through statistical analysis of a long‐term hydrologic and water quality dataset. The dataset includes 5 yr of surface and tile discharge, total P (TP), DRP, total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved inorganic N concentrations from two edge‐of‐field study sites with contrasting soil and management practices. Hydrograph recession techniques were coupled with multiple linear regression for understanding hydrologic flow pathways, and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) time‐series analysis was used to determine the significance of PP seasonality processes and the effect of management practices. The analysis of hydrologic flow pathways demonstrated that quickflow contributed 66 and 36% of subsurface discharge in the clay and loam sites, respectively. Phosphorus loading analysis showed that macropore flow plays a significant role in PP delivery to subsurface P loading and that PP significantly contributed to TP and DRP delivery; however, greater PP loadings were observed at the clay site despite greater subsurface discharge and soil test P levels at the loam site. Furthermore, PP delivery was significantly affected by environmental conditions and management practices. We highlight the efficacy of hydrograph recession analysis for identifying macropore and diffuse drainage, of P/N ratios to characterize sediment delivery mechanisms in tiles, and of EMD to detect management impacts on TP and DRP at the field scale.
Prognostic value of expanded liver transplantation criteria—the 5‐5‐500 rule—in patients with hepatic resection for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shinkawa Hiroji , Tanaka Shogo , Takemura Shigekazu , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Kinoshita Masahiko , Miyazaki Toru , Kubo Shoji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the 5‐5‐500 rule in patients after hepatic resection for the intermediate stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification [BCLC] B).Methods177 patients had hepatic resection for BCLC‐B HCC. The 5‐5‐500 rule was defined by tumor size ≤5 cm in diameter, tumor number ≤5, and α‐fetoprotein ≤500 ng/mL.ResultsThe 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 22%, 14%, and 11% in patients within the 5‐5‐500 rule, and 16%, 10%, and 10% in patients beyond the 5‐5‐500 rule, respectively (P = .015). The 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐year overall survival rates were 72%, 47%, and 34% in patients within the 5‐5‐500 rule, and 52%, 31%, and 25% in patients beyond the 5‐5‐500 rule, respectively (P = .035). Being beyond the 5‐5‐500 rule and liver cirrhosis were independent prognostic factors for recurrence‐free survival. For overall survival, being beyond the 5‐5‐500 rule, age ≥65 years, Child–Pugh class B, and anti‐hepatitis C antibody positive were identified as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsThe 5‐5‐500 rule could predict prognosis in BCLC‐B patients with hepatic resection. Hepatic resection might provide survival benefit for selected patients with BCLC‐B HCC within the 5‐5‐500 rule.
Treatment with buprenorphine prior to EcoHIV infection of mice prevents the development of neurocognitive impairment
Authors: Jaureguiberry-Bravo Matias , Kelschenbach Jennifer , Murphy Aniella , Carvallo Loreto , Hadas Eran , Tesfa Lydia , Scott Travis M , Rivera-Mindt Monica , Cunningham Chinazo O , Arnsten Julia H , Volsky David J , Berman Joan W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Approximately 15–40% of people living with HIV develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HAND, despite successful antiretroviral therapy. There are no therapies to treat these disorders. HIV enters the CNS early after infection, in part by transmigration of infected monocytes. Currently, there is a major opioid epidemic in the United States. Opioid use disorder in the context of HIV infection is important because studies show that opioids exacerbate HIV-mediated neuroinflammation that may contribute to more severe cognitive deficits. Buprenorphine is an opioid derivate commonly prescribed for opiate agonist treatment. We used the EcoHIV mouse model to study the effects of buprenorphine on cognitive impairment and to correlate these with monocyte migration into the CNS. We show that buprenorphine treatment prior to mouse EcoHIV infection prevents the development of cognitive impairment, in part, by decreased accumulation of monocytes in the brain. We propose that buprenorphine has a novel therapeutic benefit of limiting the development of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected opioid abusers as well as in nonabusers, in addition to decreasing the use of harmful opioids. Buprenorphine may also be used in combination with HIV prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis because of its safety profile.
A recombinant protein rLZ-8, originally extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, ameliorates OVA-induced lung inflammation by regulating Th17/Treg balance
Authors: Liu Huazhen , Qiu Feifei , Wang Yuanyuan , Liang Feng , Liang Jian , Lin Chengchuan , Liang Jiandong , Gong Boliang , Chan Shamyuen , De Zhang Zhong- , Lai Xiaoping , Hou Shaozhen , Dai Zhenhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic and inflammatory respiratory diseases, which is estimated to affect 1–10% of the population in different regions across the world. Previous studies have shown that recombinant Ling-Zhi 8 (rLZ-8), an immunoregulatory protein originally extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, plays multiple roles in regulating murine immune cells, including T cells. Here, we examined whether rLZ-8 would ameliorate pulmonary inflammation in a model of asthma-like mice. We found that rLZ-8 significantly inhibited the lung inflammation and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells and eosinophils, in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. It also deceased IL-17A level but increased IL-10 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) while reducing RORγt mRNA expression and enhancing Foxp3 mRNA level in the lung tissue. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that rLZ-8 remarkably down-regulated Th17 cells but upregulated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, rather than influencing Th1 versus Th2 cells. Experiments in vitro also showed that rLZ-8 suppressed murine CD3+ T cell proliferation and reduced the frequency of Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. Moreover, rIL-8 similarly altered human Th17/Treg generation or their balance in vitro. Finally, we found that rLZ-8 suppressed signaling pathways of both STAT3 and NF-κB (P100/P52) in murine lung tissue as well as cultured T cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that rLZ-8 attenuates pulmonary inflammation through regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in OVA-induced asthmatic mice and that rLZ-8 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma in clinic.
Green and enhanced extraction of coumarins from Cortex Fraxini by ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction
Authors: Wang Yinan , Hu Youhui , Wang Hui , Tong Minghui , Gong Yinhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGreen and enhanced extraction of bioactive ingredients from medicinal plants has become a hot research field, and deep eutectic solvents have been considered as a novel kind of sustainable solvents in the extraction process. In this study, hydrogen bond acceptor (choline chloride, etc.) and hydrogen bond donor (l‐malic acid, etc.) were used to prepare different kinds of deep eutectic solvents to extract coumarins from Cortex Fraxini. The extraction conditions, including the composition and moisture content of deep eutectic solvents, extraction time, and liquid‐solid ratio, were systematically optimized basing on the extraction yield of coumarins. To further investigate the extraction mechanism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed, and the microstructures of Cortex Fraxini powders were observed before and after extraction using scanning electron microscope. Results showed that the novel ultrasound‐assisted extraction with conditions of deep eutectic solvent containing betaine/glycerin (1:3), aqueous solution (20%), solid‐liquid ratio (15 mg/mL), and extraction time (30 min) exhibited the best extraction yields for the four target coumarins and much better extraction efficiency than with conventional solvent extractions. This suggests that the new ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction could be used as a green and high‐efficient approach for extraction of the main coumarins from Cortex Fraxini.
Feasibility of Semiautomatic Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography for Different Fetal Spine Positions
Authors: Gembicki Michael , Hartge David R. , Fernandes Theresa , Weichert Jan 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated the feasibility of a semiautomatic approach for assessments of the fetal heart (fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography [FINE]) in cases of optimal and unfavorable fetal spine positions.MethodsIn this study, a total of 1693 spatiotemporal image correlation volumes of first‐, second‐, and third‐trimester fetuses were evaluated by experts using the FINE approach. The data were analyzed regarding proper reconstruction of the diagnostic cardiac planes depending on the fetal spine position.ResultsA total of 1531 volumes were included. The volumes were divided into 4 groups depending on the fetal spine position: 5–7 o'clock, 4 + 8 o'clock, 3 + 9 o'clock, and 2 + 10 o'clock. In total, 93.2% of the diagnostic planes were displayed properly. Between 5 and 7 o'clock, 94.9% of the diagnostic planes were displayed properly. The correct depiction rates in the other groups were 92.4% (4 + 8 o'clock; n = 538; P = 0.0027), 88.3% (3 + 9 o'clock; n = 156; P < .0001), and 87.3% (2 + 10 o'clock; n = 41; P = .0139). In total, the highest dropout rates were found in the sagittal planes: ductal arch, 13.9%; aortic arch, 10.5%; and venae cavae, 12.0%.ConclusionsBased on our results, the FINE technique is an effective method, but its feasibility depends on the fetal position. The use of this semiautomatic work flow–based approach supports evaluation of the fetal heart in a standardized manner. Semiautomatic evaluation of the fetal heart might be useful in facilitating the detection of fetal cardiac anomalies.
Applications of the Pharmacophore Concept in Natural Product inspired Drug Design
Authors: Seidel Thomas , Wieder Oliver , Garon Arthur , Langer Thierry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPharmacophore‐based techniques are nowadays an important part of many computer‐aided drug design workflows and have been successfully applied for tasks such as virtual screening, lead optimization and de novo design. Natural products, on the other hand, can serve as a valuable source for unconventional molecular scaffolds that stimulate ideas for novel lead compounds in a more diverse chemical space that does not follow the rules of traditional medicinal chemistry. The first part of this review provides a brief introduction to the pharmacophore concept, the methods for pharmacophore model generation, and their applications. The second, concluding part, presents examples for recent, pharmacophore method related research in the field of natural product chemistry. The selected examples show, that pharmacophore‐based methods which get mainly applied on synthetic drug‐like molecules work equally well in the realm of natural products and thus can serve as a valuable tool for researchers in the field of natural product inspired drug design.
The Multidisciplinary Approach to The Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network*: Design and implementation of the Symptom Patterns Study (SPS)
Authors: Clemens J. Quentin , Kutch Jason J. , Mayer Emeran A. , Naliboff Bruce D. , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Klumpp David J. , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Kreder Karl J. , Clauw Daniel J. , Harte Steven E. , Schrepf Andrew D. , Williams David A. , Andriole Gerald L. , Lai H. Henry , Buchwald Dedra , Lucia M. Scott , van Bokhoven Adrie , Mackey Sean , Moldwin Robert M. , Pontari Michel A. , Stephens‐Shields Alisa J. , Mullins Chris , Landis J. Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network initiated a second observational cohort study—the Symptom Patterns Study (SPS)—to further investigate the underlying pathophysiology of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (UCPPS) and to discover factors associated with longitudinal symptom changes and responses to treatments.MethodsThis multisite cohort study of males and females with UCPPS features a run‐in period of four weekly web‐based symptom assessments before a baseline visit, followed by quarterly assessments up to 36 months. Controls were also recruited and assessed at baseline and 6 months. Extensive clinical data assessing urological symptoms, nonurological pain, chronic overlapping pain syndromes, and psychosocial factors were collected. Diverse biospecimens for biomarker and microbiome studies, quantitative sensory testing (QST) data under multiple stimuli, and structural and functional neuroimaging scans were obtained under a standardized protocol.ResultsRecruitment was initiated (July 2015) and completed (February 2019) at six discovery sites. A total of 620 males and females with UCPPS and 73 Controls were enrolled, including 83 UCPPS participants who re‐enrolled from the first MAPP Network cohort study (2009‐2012). Baseline neuroimaging scans, QST measures, and biospecimens were obtained on 578 UCPPS participants. The longitudinal follow‐up of the cohort is ongoing.ConclusionsThis comprehensive characterization of a large UCPPS cohort with extended follow‐up greatly expands upon earlier MAPP Network studies and provides unprecedented opportunities to increase our understanding of UCPPS pathophysiology, factors associated with symptom change, clinically relevant patient phenotypes, and novel targets for future interventions.
Ceftriaxone inhibits stress‐induced bladder hyperalgesia and alters cerebral micturition and nociceptive circuits in the rat: A multidisciplinary approach to the study of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome research network study
Authors: Holschneider Daniel P. , Wang Zhuo , Chang Huiyi , Zhang Rong , Gao Yunliang , Guo Yumei , Mao Jackie , Rodriguez Larissa V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsEmotional stress plays a role in the exacerbation and development of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Given the significant overlap of brain circuits involved in stress, anxiety, and micturition, and the documented role of glutamate in their regulation, we examined the effects of an increase in glutamate transport on central amplification of stress‐induced bladder hyperalgesia, a core feature of IC/BPS.MethodsWistar‐Kyoto rats were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS, 1 hour/day x 10 days) or sham stress, with subgroups receiving daily administration of ceftriaxone (CTX), an activator of glutamate transport. Thereafter, cystometrograms were obtained during bladder infusion with visceromotor responses (VMR) recorded simultaneously. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping was performed by intravenous injection of [14C]‐iodoantipyrine during passive bladder distension. Regional CBF was quantified in autoradiographs of brain slices and analyzed in three dimensional reconstructed brains with statistical parametric mapping.ResultsWAS elicited visceral hypersensitivity during bladder filling as demonstrated by a decreased pressure threshold and VMR threshold triggering the voiding phase. Brain maps revealed stress effects in regions noted to be responsive to bladder filling. CTX diminished visceral hypersensitivity and attenuated many stress‐related cerebral activations within the supraspinal micturition circuit and in overlapping limbic and nociceptive regions, including the posterior midline cortex (posterior cingulate/anterior retrosplenium), somatosensory cortex, and anterior thalamus.ConclusionsCTX diminished bladder hyspersensitivity and attenuated regions of the brain that contribute to nociceptive and micturition circuits, show stress effects, and have been reported to demonstrated altered functionality in patients with IC/BPS. Glutamatergic pharmacologic strategies modulating stress‐related bladder dysfunction may be a novel approach to the treatment of IC/BPS.
Obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: The challenge of palliative stenting for the stenotic vertical vein
Authors: Al‐Mutairi Mansour , Aselan Adnan , Al‐Muhaya Mustafa , Abo‐Haded Hany 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionObstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is one of the commonest seen emergencies in pediatric cardiology centers.Case presentationOur case was diagnosed to have this anomaly, showing early respiratory distress resulting from severe pulmonary congestion. Palliative stenting of the obstruction was done, which helped in stabilizing the debilitated hemodynamics of the baby before surgery, thus a good surgical outcome and prognosis are expected.ConclusionThis intervention may be listed as a vital measurement in the preoperative cardiac stabilization plan for infants with obstructed TAPVC.
Deposition and distribution of myclobutanil and tebuconazole in a semidwarf apple orchard by hand‐held gun and air‐assisted sprayer application
Authors: An Quanshun , Li Dong , Wu Yangliu , Pan Canping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSprayers have been shown in numerous reports to influence pesticide deposition and distribution significantly, and public concern for their potential risk has been increasing in recent years. In this study, a hand‐held gun sprayer and two air‐assisted sprayers (a conventional axial fan air‐blast sprayer and a tower sprayer) were used to apply myclobutanil and tebuconazole, and their influence on pesticide distribution and deposition in a semidwarf apple orchard was systematically investigated.RESULTSThe coefficients of variation of different canopy zones associated with the tower sprayers were 38.9–41.9% for leaves and 35.5–36.4% for fruit, generally lower than the coefficients of variation related to the other two sprayers. Tests conducted using the air‐assisted sprayers recorded an overall higher drift on the adjacent rows than experiments carried out with the hand‐held gun sprayer. The results of drift in soil indicated that pesticide was mainly distributed within 5 m downwind of the treated area, and the distribution pattern was influenced by sprayer design. The total pesticide concentration deposited in soil within 5 m during application by the tower sprayer was 0.28 m mg kg−1 for myclobutanil and 0.90 m mg kg−1 for tebuconazole, much lower than that of the hand‐held gun sprayer and the conventional axial fan air‐blast sprayer.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the tower sprayer gives a more uniform distribution and guarantees better effectiveness for the phytosanitary treatment. The tower sprayer also protected the soil better and reduced environmental pollution due to its scientific structural design. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Four‐Wave Mixing Response via Hybrid Coulomb‐Coupled Cavity Optomechanics
Authors: Ullah Muhib , Saif Farhan , Wang Li‐Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe generation and manipulation of the four‐wave mixing (FWM) phenomenon is reported in a hybrid electrostatically Coulomb‐coupled optomechanical system as a result of light–matter interaction. The cavity is driven by a strong coherent pump and a weak probe field simultaneously in the presence of nanomechanical resonators (NMRs), and the output field can produce a new frequency component called the FWM frequency. In a hybrid Coulomb‐coupled cavity scheme, the existence of optomechanical coupling due to radiation pressure gives rise to the FWM phenomenon, which is shown both analytically and numerically. A controllable enhancement of the FWM intensity is found by tuning the pump field strength and its spectrum disappears upon switching the strength off. A significant enhancement in the FWM spectrum with two peaks is also predicted due to the Coulomb coupling strength existing between two electrostatically coupled NMR1 and NMR2. A suppressive behavior of the FWM signal is also observed upon increasing the cavity decay rate and a substantial modulation in the signal by changing the probe‐pump field detuning. Finally, the FWM spectrum is very sensitive to both the effective resonance frequencies and effective masses of the NMRs.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome presenting with macroscopic pulmonary cyst formation in a 15‐year‐old
Authors: Ardolino Luke , Silverstone Elizabeth , Varjavandi Vincent , Yates Deborah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by a germline mutation in the folliculin gene (17p11.2). It is characterized by benign skin lesions, renal tumours, and pulmonary cysts, with pneumothoraces seen exceptionally rarely in patients younger than 40 years. We report the case of a 15‐year‐old boy who presented with sudden onset left‐sided chest pain and acute dyspnoea secondary to a large left‐sided pneumothorax. This failed to resolve despite chest drain insertion and he required video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgical pleurodesis, which revealed macroscopic pulmonary cyst formation. Following this, he made a good recovery and a further high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) scan of his chest identified multiple, small, subpleural parenchymal lung cysts that were not initially visible on prior imaging. Further questioning revealed a strong family history of spontaneous pneumothoraces and additional genomic sequencing confirmed a diagnosis of BHD syndrome. We highlight the diagnostic, management, and surveillance challenges for this rare syndrome.
Do We Need More Productive Theorizing? A Commentary
Authors: Reinking David , Yaden David B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, we argue that literacy research would be more productive if researchers had a clearer, more nuanced understanding of theory. Specifically, we argue that theory in a practice‐oriented field is most fundamentally productive when it provides instrumental guidance for literacy beyond academic understanding about literacy. Premises for that argument are presented, as well as how productivity connects to an instrumental view of theory within the philosophy of science. We provide examples from authoritative sources and relevant studies suggesting that conceptions and uses of theory in literacy research are ambiguous, diffuse, and incoherent. We argue that productivity could be a unifying construct to ameliorate those limitations. To stimulate discussion about theory, we propose several ways that theorizing might be more productive. Those proposals comprise a critique of theorizing in the field and illustrate how more productive theorizing could close the gap between research and practice. Finally, we discuss how our proposals might be implemented in the field’s research.