bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESTRUCTURING ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM: The Pathway to achieving sustainable built environment in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Marcel-Okafor U O , Okafor M U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Architectural technology programmes in Nigeria have steadily evolved with focus on enhancing local identity and environmental responsiveness to contextual issues peculiar to the Nigerian fabric. However, there remains continuous controversy as to the suitability and application of the curriculum to the emerging socio-economic and cultural needs of Nigerians. This study examined the academic curriculum contents of professional courses offered in architectural technology programmes in Nigerian polytechnics to ascertain inherent factors that enable implementation of design principles for sustainable built environment. This is imperative since the products of this programme constitute key players in the execution of sustainable, safe and inclusive human settlements and cities. This study is based on survey type of research design; three institutions were selected following a stratified random process and two sets of structured interviews administered to two groups of respondents comprising the Higher National Diploma (HND) graduating class and the teaching staff. The data collected were analysed using percentile, mean scores and regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant awareness and implementation of principles of sustainable design especially at inception stage by the HND students. However, the students’ proficiency with varied CADD software packages was limited as a result of shortfalls in the curriculum and paucity of adequately trained staff. Further findings revealed measures adopted for inclusive and lifelong learning in the programme include the introduction of outdoor learning environment, short entrepreneurial courses in related areas and enhanced digital literacy. The paper concludes that addressing the shortfalls of the academic curriculum will promote high quality learning in the programme required to ensure the creation of sustainable built environments.
New perspectives for design in the urbanized delta: Living with water in Newcastle’s threshold between land and water
Authors: Perez Lopez I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Delta and estuary cities are facing the immense challenges of adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The very creation and evolution of human civilizations depended on living along shorelines, serving as the source of food, water, and security. However, fear of water is just as deeply grained and cross-cultural as love of water. The unpredictable river and ocean landscapes have been domesticated along history with a special impact on ecosystems since the industrial era. Newcastle’s waterfront, including the Hunter river estuary and the ocean shoreline are unique landscapes, which have been strongly modified due to land reclamation leading to the destruction of such a vulnerable ecosystem. As a consequence, city resilience is under threat due to the effects of unpredictable events, dynamics, forces of climate change, amplified without the natural protection of these water ecosystems.
The methodology to present this research includes two primary steps. The first step was the creation of a data and map database to study the historic and current conditions, combined with future predictions, on urban, environmental, and flooding conditions in the Newcastle waterfront areas. All predictions are to identify and catalogue the worst scenarios in the event of a dramatic climate change evolution. The second step, which is still under development and contingent on funding, is the compilation of urban and architectonic adaptative strategies and evidence-based design guidelines that can be implemented and integrated with other environmental, urban and social sustainable strategies.
The ultimate result will be a data and map catalogue linked with a set of design principles, strategies, and guidelines aligned with sustainable and achievable goals, to ensure coastal and riverbank adaptation and mitigation. The strategies will not only improve resilience, reduce vulnerability and risk, but enhance liveability in urbanised delta throughout an interdisciplinary approach, and also to ensure a more sustainable future.
The problem of dynamic forces acting in estuary cities and its conflict with human habitation needs to be faced in an interdisciplinary manner, integrating different perspectives and approaches that consider current capacities, past events, and future predictions. The results of this project aim to meet those goals and is one step to help achieve a sustainable future.
Managing overheating in buildings induced by climate change
Authors: Badura André , Martinac Ivo , Mueller Birgit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extended periods of drought, heavy rainfall and rapid changes between high and low outdoor temperature extremes have all been associated with global climate change. It is highly likely that a significant portion of climate change is anthropogenic. Large and rapid climatic changes have the potential to generate significant discomfort and even hazard to occupants. Well designed, constructed and managed buildings protect people from adverse climatic conditions and provide indoor spaces that foster well-being, health and productivity. Changing climatic conditions require innovative approaches to the design, building, management and use of comfortable and safe indoor environments. This study explores innovative approaches to reducing/avoiding climate-change-induced overheating in residential buildings in Northern Europe (Sweden and Germany), with a focus on managing heat loads during the summer season. Different approaches and measures are discussed, with relevance to building retrofitting and new construction. It is shown that the need for active cooling can be significantly reduced through good building design and smart climate control. Innovative insolation management devices are further shown to have the potential to reduce both winter heating and summer cooling loads. The study also explores the extent to which the intensity of urban heat islands can be reduced by addressing heat storage in the building structure. Innovative approaches to solar shading and heat protection are discussed as alternatives to heat load and indoor climate management.
Interior insulation using super insulation materials: saving energy and space
Authors: Johansson Pär , Wahlgren Paula 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Interior insulation can be used in buildings where the exterior characteristics may not be altered due to cultural heritage protection. This is common for many buildings in Sweden from the period before 1941. Energy efficiency, thermal comfort and building performance are all affected by an interior insulation. Super insulation materials present novel opportunities to save both energy and space. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits and drawbacks of using super insulation materials as interior insulation. A field study building was investigated for feasibility, which, together with interviews with professionals in the field of architecture, cultural heritage and building consultants, give a general overview. In conclusion, there are both benefits and drawbacks with interior insulation. Super insulation provides increased flexibility in terms of interior detailing and possibility to preserve characteristic elements. On building level interior super insulation could reduce the energy use by up to 20%. This gives energy savings of 0.5 TWh on national level and a reduction of 0.7% of the total CO2 emissions for heating the Swedish building stock. A drawback is that there are few examples and little experience from building with super insulation materials among both architects and other decision makers.
A data-driven parametric tool for under-specified LCA in the design phase
Authors: Hollberg Alexander , Kaushal Deepshi , Basic Saso , Galimshina Alina , Habert Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is increasingly applied to evaluate the environmental performance of buildings. However, current tools for building LCA require detailed information not available in the decisive early design stages. As a result, LCA is usually applied as post-design evaluation and not used to improve the building design. The goal of this paper is to adapt the method of structured under-specified LCA to the Swiss context and implement it in a design-integrated tool. The users of the tool should be able to get a complete estimation of the life cycle impact based on very few inputs, such as building type, intended use and structural system. In addition, the tool should allow to replace these assumptions with more detailed information step by step throughout the design process. The paper describes the development of a structured database and a parametric tool. Furthermore, it exemplifies the intended workflow during the design process on a building design. The presented approach can be scaled up and adapted to the needs of other national contexts in the future. It facilitates environmental performance optimisation of buildings and supports making use of the big potential the building sector has regarding contributing towards climate action (UN SDG 13).
EnviBIM: Environmental data module for BIM library of construction elements
Authors: Nehasilová Marie , Lupíšková Petra Coufalová , Železná Julie , Veselka Jakub , Kupsa Tomáš , Lupíšek Antonín 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BIM has become widely used and preferred in building design. The benefits of this model can also be used to calculate the environmental impact of buildings. This paper presents the acquisition and implementation of environmental data to the existing and growing BIM library of building materials. The library contains specific (non-generic) elements, and its content is focused on conventional solutions used in Czech Republic. Environmental impacts associated with the production of building materials and elements (cradle-gate) were added to the BIM library and were expressed by 14 indicators. Generic environmental data were used. Linking them with specifics products demand high expertise and a lot of time. By designing methodology and specific guidelines, this process is speeded up, simplified, and future update and extend of resulting tool is enabled. Resulting tool (EnviBIM) will provide quantification of embodied environmental impacts of each single building part directly in the BIM model.
Carbon and Cost Optimisation and Visualisation
Authors: Jirout David , Larsson Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have developed a Grasshopper script that designs carbon-cost optimised foundation slabs to demonstrate the potency of parametric design in AEC, particularly the fact that environmentally friendlier solutions can be designed without having to cost more. The script produces 3D models of foundation slabs with minimal carbon footprint and material costs and validates each design iteration from the structural point of view with respect to project specific inputs, such as materials, cost, forces and bearing capacity of the ground. The script has been tested in a multitude of input settings and in all cases returned design solutions for foundations slabs where it was possible to identify the least climate intensive design to also be one of the cheapest solutions, if not the cheapest solution. We have developed a new service called BIM Vision to apply value driven visualisations based on carbon footprint and costs in BIM models. The result of this service is a further developed BIM model which integrates emission and cost factors with individual 3D objects. On demand, a user of the BIM model can also produce climate and cost calculations and visualise the BIM model based on the chosen sustainability aspect. Using a colour palette generator, objects are coloured with respect to carbon and cost intensity. Thus, a 3D heat map of the BIM model is created to communicate intuitively what components have the most severe impact on the project budget and carbon footprint. This kind of communication of environmental aspects simplifies consumption of sustainability related data and make it actionable.
Urban Mining for Sustainable Cities: Environmental Assessment of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Mostert C , Sameer H , Glanz D , Bringezu S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the global economy, the efficient use of resources in the building sector has become a central issue for sustainable development. Urban mining is an increasingly important area in constructing and demolishing of buildings. This article applies urban mining as a key approach for circular economy. In terms of material efficiency, the highest potential is seen in the use of concrete manufactured from recycled aggregates. The town hall building of the city of Korbach (Germany) has been dismantled and will be rebuilt with use of recycled materials from the old building. A recycling concrete (RC-scenario) is assessed from end of life (EoL) to gate within the life cycle assessment (LCA) boundaries, in comparison with conventional concrete i.e. a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The environmental assessment is done based on the product material, energy and water as well as the climate footprint. The product material footprint is determined in terms of Raw Material Input (RMI) and Total Material Requirement (TMR) and the product energy footprint in terms of Cumulated Energy Demand (CED) for non-renewable resources. The product water footprint is assessed by the Available Water Remaining (AWARE) method and the product climate footprint by values from the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The footprints are calculated using the software openLCA with the LCA database GaBi construction materials. The RC-scenario shows no significant savings in terms of product energy, water and climate footprint, whereas advantages could be clearly seen in terms of the product material footprint. The method and selected footprints have proven to be suitable for the environmental assessment of urban mining as an approach for circular economy with regard to SDG11 and SDG12.
A harmonized method for automatable life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts
Authors: Ek K , Mathern A , Rempling R , Karlsson M , Brinkhoff P , Norin M , Lindberg J , Rosén L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The life cycle sustainability performance of civil engineering works is increasingly important. The possibility to influence the sustainability of a project design is larger in the conceptual stage than in later stages. Better-informed decisions regarding design choices’ impact on sustainability can be made by comparing conceptual project designs based on an assessment of their life cycle sustainability performance. It is essential that concepts are assessed in a harmonized way and compared impartially. Current standards provide the general framework for the assessment of sustainability performance, but do not give detailed guidance on calculation of sustainability indicators and their aggregation. Since design in automated systems is becoming increasingly common, there is a growing need for machine-readable data and automatable assessment methods. Assessment methods which can be applied using open-access data is important to achieve fair competition. This paper aims to provide a method for life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, possible to apply using open-access Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and life cycle assessment (LCA) data. The purpose is to enable fair and automatable sustainability assessments of design concepts, to facilitate impartial comparisons of such assessments as a basis for choosing sustainable designs. A literature review of relevant standards and scientific papers on sustainability assessment of construction and civil engineering works was performed. A harmonized, fair and automatable method for life cycle sustainability assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, well-suited for optimization purposes, is presented. However, the aim currently limits categories and indicators possible to include. The proposed method includes guidance on the calculation of environmental, social and economic indicators, based on LCA, life cycle costing (LCC) and external costs, and aggregation using normalisation and weighting factors of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). The proposed method allows for an impartial comparison of the sustainability of design concepts, resulting in better-informed decisions.
Designing of the module envelope of a hybrid modular building to meet the passive house standards in Luxembourg
Authors: Rakotonjanahary M , Silva M Ferreira , Scholzen F , Diederich-Waldmann D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To face the challenges of climate change, new buildings need to be further greener while being able to ensure a minimum comfort to the tenants. Nonetheless, extensibility and flexibility could be added to buildings. In this context, the architect jointly with the team of this research project have designed a hybrid modular construction called “slab building” which is composed of a permanent concrete structure and several removable wooden modules. A module offers 27 m2 of living space but larger housings can be realized by combining two up to four modules. The aim of this paper is to design the walls of the modules to meet the criteria of nZEB. The thicknesses of the studied thermal insulations, namely rock wool, wood wool, polyurethane and aerogel, have been determined in accordance with the passive house requirements in Luxembourg. The embodied energy of the building materials has also been considered in the designing of the modules. Steady state calculations revealed that a wall thickness of 40 cm, comprising 31 cm of insulation is sufficient but according to the LCA outcomes, there is no environmental benefit in having the modules comply with the AAA energy class requirements at reasonable wall thicknesses.
A Roadmap towards Circularity - Modular Construction as a Tool for Circular Economy in the Built Environment
Authors: Mackenbach S , Zeller J C , Osebold R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of Circular Economy (CE) is a novel economic model aiming to foster sustainable economic growth, increase a company’s economic value added, boost global competitiveness, and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The modular construction has a high potential to embody a starting point for this transition because of its industrial construction and predestined characteristics for disassembly and reuse. In this paper, a circular economy framework is applied to the modular construction industry to develop a roadmap within the scope of Circular Business Models (CBM). In the first part, a literature review is conducted to identify the current CBMs in terms of applicability, usability and adaptability to the sector. The four business models maintenance and repair, reuse and refurbishment, upcycling, and product-as-a-service emerged. In a second step, a qualitative approach with international experts in modular construction, circular economy in the built environment and consultancy is used to explore the opportunities, challenges and barriers in the industry to accelerate the transformation to circularity within the holistic building life cycle. To overcome the barriers, 15 guidelines are distilled and through additional expert interviews verified. Subsequently, this roadmap supports responsible consumption and production through the building life cycle and enables benefits concerning the triple bottom line paradigm. While some of the guidelines refer to specific CBMs, the majority represents a comprehensive approach. Applying the roadmap is a first step to activate the identified potential of the CE in the modular construction industry in order to enhance an innovative and sustainable industrialization within the built environment and to contribute to a cleaner, more resilient economy.
Densification of station areas in order to promote sustainable mobility, health, well-being and energy efficiency- opportunities and obstacles. The case study of Mölnlycke urban centre in Gothenburg region, Sweden
Authors: Ranhagen U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Mistra Urban Futures project “analysis of urban station communities” different forms of co-creation have been a common denominator for transdisciplinary collaboration between a wide range of stakeholders related to a number of planning cases on different levels [13]. Densification in combination with mixed-use, spatial configuration and other aspects, increases the options for sustainable mobility with public transportation, bicycling and walking, thus contributes to at least five of the SDGs: goal 11, goal 3, goal 7, goal 8 and goal 13 [6].The options for densification were extensively investigated during a series of co-creation workshops among stakeholders that are involved with the regeneration of Mölnlycke urban centre, located to the West of the City of Gothenburg. A number of different planning and design tools were used throughout this process. The result of the co-creation is an experience-based assessment of strengths and weaknesses, a desired density structure from different perspectives and evaluated density scenarios for the station area. The co-creative approach using a combination of planning and design tools has the potential to raise a number of different perspectives and experiences of the stakeholders involved, when considering density and associated ecological, socio-cultural and economic factors. The results for this process can serve as a valuable supplement to desk top analysis of density and related factors when planning urban areas around transportation nodes.
Hypothesis of densification for a sustainable urbanization in a wealthy Chinese city
Authors: Pellegrini Paola , Chen Jinliu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Central Government of China is promoting both urbanization and urban sustainability beyond mere growth. These two goals clash if the agricultural land consumption for urbanization is drastically reduced. A re-consideration of urban density and compactness, supported by the UN-Habitat’s Urban Agenda III can contribute to address the problem. What existing developments can be densified and how? The research has considered some hypothesis of densification in the city of Suzhou, a wealthy area in the Special Economic Zone of Yangtze River Delta. The research has targeted the compounds where farmers were relocated when the land was massively urbanized since the ‘90s, because they are low density, have a strong obsolescence and do not match anymore the living standards achievable in this part of contemporary China. The research has drafted some options of densification.