bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mass Transfer Channels on Flexural Strength of C/SiC Composites Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Assisted CVI Method with Optimized Laser Power
Authors: Wang Jing , Cao Liyang , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Yunhai , Chen Jie , Fang Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, femtosecond laser assisted-chemical vapor infiltration (LA-CVI) was employed to produce C/SiC composites with 1, 3, and 5 rows of mass transfer channels. The effects of laser machining power on the quality of produced holes were investigated. The results showed that the increase in power yielded complete hole structures. The as-obtained C/SiC composites with different mass transfer channels displayed higher densification degrees with flexural strengths reaching 546±15 MPa for row mass transfer channel of 3. The strengthening mechanism of the composites was linked to the increase in densification and formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. Multiphysics finite element simulations of the dense band and density gradient of LA-CVI C/SiC composites revealed C/SiC composites with improved densification and lower porosity due to the formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. In sum, LA-CVI method looks promising for future preparation of ceramic matrix composites with high densities.
Impact of alum pretreatment on biosand filter performance: a commentary on Curry et al. (2020)
Authors: Dorea Caetano C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In a recent contribution by Curry and colleagues, a field-derived assessment of a reportedly common pretreatment technique to reduce turbidities of biosand filter (BSF) feed water was reported. Their results demonstrated that despite alum pretreatment achieving lower settled turbidity values relative to control filters, such intervention led to significantly lower flow rates in the alum-dosed BSFs. However, their study stopped short of providing a more meaningful interpretation to what may initially seem like a counterintuitive finding, which is presented here.
Study on pollution traceability based on the optimized hydrodynamic model of Tai Lake
Authors: Xu Ruichen , Pang Yong , Hu Zhibing , Wang Jianjian , Kaisam John Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research optimized a hydrodynamic model based on in-situ measurement experiments, which can evaluate the transport process of pollution groups from inflowing lake sources with different wind conditions and their effects on the sensitive area in Tai Lake. The results showed that the wind drag coefficient (Cs) was 0.001–0.0028 when the wind speed was 1–12 m/s, and the particle trajectory is validated well by the methods of Thiessen polygon and Lagrange particle tracking, which proves that this hydrodynamic model was optimized successfully. During the water diversion period, the results showed that the Northwest Area and Gong Bay are the most important pollution flux sources to the sensitive area. Under northwest wind condition, the pollution flux proportion from Northwest Area and Gong Bay is 65 and 17%, respectively. Under southeast wind condition, the pollution flux proportion from Northwest Area and Gong Bay is 48 and 27%, respectively. Namely, pollution control to the upstream watershed of the Northwest Area and improving the water quality (TP &lt; 0.065 mg/L; TN &lt; 1.2 mg/L) from the Wangyu river are the effective methods to reduce the pollution risks for the sensitive area.
Aktualizacja potencjału religii w ochronie ekosystemów leśnych
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F. 
Published: August 2020

Declared by the United Nations as the International Year of the Forest, 2011 demonstrated the signi#cance of forest ecosystems to all humans and the entire Earth. Religions had already become important allies in preventing damage to forests. Different religious traditions offer various proposals for forest conservation and afforestation. Since 1970 and especially after the jubilee year of 2000, people of faith established many ecological organizations to engage in environmental conservation because of their religious beliefs. All major religious traditions have a lot to offer. This article examines the way organized religions and faith-based ecological organizations are engaged in many environmental projects concerning forest ecosystems. It looks at the ecological activity of faith-based organizations such as the Chipko Movement, Appiko movement, Swadhyaya community, and the Ecological Movement of St. Francis of Assisi. The article shows that the actualization of religious potential in protecting forests is accomplished through active prevention of deforestation and climate change, afforestation, and the implementation of environmentally friendly technology.
Healthcare Utilization, Unmet Service Needs, and Medication Adherence Among People Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun , Oman Roy F. , Larson Trudy A. , Christiansen Elizabeth J. , Granner Michelle L. , Lu Minggen , Yang Yueran 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Comorbidity rates and service needs are high among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The
effects of service utilization and unmet service needs on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence are not well understood.
The purpose of this study was to investigate associations among PLWHA’s service utilization, unmet service needs, and
ART adherence.

Methods:
PLWHA (N=162) 18 years or older were recruited from a Nevada statewide needs assessment project in 2016.
Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on paper or online. The independent variables were service utilization and unmet service needs. The outcome variable was ART adherence. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were
conducted to examine associations between the amount of utilized services and unmet service needs with ART adherence.

Results:
Only 12 (7.5%) participants reported they received all needed services. The ART non-adherence group showed
significantly higher unmet medical service needs compared to the ART adherence group (p=0.007). Unmet medical service
needs (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 0.69, CI 0.53-0.90) and unmet support service needs (AOR 0.68, CI 0.48-0.97) were
negatively associated with ART adherence. However, utilizing medical services (AOR 1.06, CI 0.87-1.30) and support services (AOR 0.88, CI 0.74-1.04) in the current year were not significantly associated with ART adherence.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that health promotion programming should focus not only on introducing new
services at the community level, but also work to optimize the availability and awareness of current services. Furthermore,
health promotion programs should focus on filling service coverage gaps and improving the facilitation of services.
Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, In silico Modeling, Prediction of Toxicity and Metabolism Studies of Novel 1-(substituted)-2-methyl- 3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)isothioureas
Authors: Sulthana Mohaideen Thasthagir , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Chitra Krishnan 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Although exhaustive efforts to prevent and treat tuberculosis (TB) have
been made, the problem still continues due to multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drugresistant
TB (XDR-TB). It clearly highlights the urgent need to develop novel “druggable” molecules
for the co-infection treatment and strains of MDR-TB and XDR-TB.

Objective:
In this approach, a hybrid molecule was created by merging two or more pharmacophores.
The active site of targets may be addressed by each of the pharmacophores and proffers the opportunity
for selectivity. In addition, it also reduces undesirable side effects and drug-resistance.

Methods:
In this study, a novel quinazolinone analog was designed and synthesized by substituting
thiourea nucleus and phenyl ring at N-3 and C-2 position of quinazoline ring, respectively. All title
compounds were tested for antitubercular activity by in vitro M. tuberculosis and anti-human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) activity by MT-4 cell assay method. The agar dilution method was
used to test the antibacterial potency of entire prepared derivatives against various strains of grampositive
and gram-negative microorganisms.

Results:
The title compounds, 1-(substituted)-2-methyl-3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)
isothioureas (QTS1 – QTS15) were synthesized by the reaction between key intermediate 3-amino-
2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with various alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates followed by methylation with
dimethyl sulphate. Among the series, compound 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl
quinazolin- 3(4H)-yl) isothioureas (QTS14) showed the highest potency against B. subtilis, K.
pneumonia and S. aureus at 1.6 μg/mL. The compound QTS14 exhibited the most potent antitubercular
activity at the MIC of 0.78 μg/mL and anti-HIV activity at 0.97 μg/mL against HIV1 and
HIV2.

Conclusion:
The results obtained from this study confirm that the synthesized and biologically
evaluated quinazolines showed promising antimicrobial, antitubercular and anti-HIV activities. The
new scaffolds proffer a plausible lead for further development and optimization of novel antitubercular
and anti-HIV drugs.
Novel Nanolipoidal Systems for the Management of Skin Cancer
Authors: Singh Apoorva , Nimisha  
Published: August 2020

:
Skin cancer, among the various kinds of cancers, is a type that emerges from skin due to the
growth of abnormal cells. These cells are capable of spreading and invading the other parts of the
body. The occurrence of non-melanoma and melanoma, which are the major types of skin cancers, has
increased over the past decades. Exposure to ultraviolet radiations (UV) is the main associative cause
of skin cancer. UV exposure can inactivate tumor suppressor genes while activating various oncogenes.
The conventional techniques like surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy lack the
potential for targeting cancer cells and harm the normal cells. However, the novel therapeutics show
promising improvements in the effectiveness of treatment, survival rates and better quality of life for
patients. Different methodologies are involved in the skin cancer therapeutics for delivering the active
ingredients to the target sites. Nano carriers are very efficient as they have the ability to improve the
stability of drugs and further enhance their penetration into the tumor cells. The recent developments
and research in nanotechnology have entitled several targeting and therapeutic agents to be incorporated
into nanoparticles for an enhancive treatment of skin cancer. To protect the research works in the
field of nanolipoidal systems various patents have been introduced. Some of the patents acknowledge
responsive liposomes for specific targeting, nanocarriers for the delivery or co-delivery of chemotherapeutics,
nucleic acids as well as photosensitizers. Further recent patents on the novel delivery systems
have also been included here.
The Physical Activity and Fall Risk Among Iranian Older Male Adults
Authors: Kushkestani Mehdi , Parvani Mohsen , Nosrani Shiva Ebrahimpour , Rezaei Sohrab 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Fall is a major cause of disability and mortality in the elderly.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and falls in elderly men in Tehran.

Methods:
The subjects of this study included 434 elderly males over the age of 60 in Tehran, who were randomly selected from parks in different parts of Tehran. The data was collected from August to September, 2019. The demographic characteristics of the subjects were collected and recorded. Then, body composition and anthropometric indices including weight, body mass index (BMI), height and calf circumferences (CC), waist circumferences (WC) and hip circumferences were measured using a digital scale of OMRON and meter tape. The level of physical activity and nutritional status were calculated using the questionnaires of physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA), respectively. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test was used to assess the risk of falling. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS21 software.

Results:
The results of statistical analysis of the data showed a positive and significant relationship between global physical activity level (P<0.000) and subscales of its domains (P<0.000) with fall score and a significant inverse relationship between age and fall score (P<0.000). In addition, it was found that age (P<0.000) and physical activity (P<0.000) are two strong factors in predicting falls in the elderly.

Conclusion:
Based on the resulting positive relationship between physical activity and falls, it can be stated that the using strategies such as increasing sports environments with a focus on exercise, physiologists can play an effective role in preventing falls and related complications in the elderly.
Cytotoxic Activity-Guided Isolation from Achillea monocephala, and Biological Activities of its Different Extracts
Authors: Taşkın Turgut , Güler Eray M. , Şentürk Şeyda , Çelik Damla D. , Arabacı Turan , Gürer Ümran S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The genus Achillea is one of the most important genus of the Asteraceae family and many species of Achillea are used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments.

Aim:
The aim of the current research was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic activities of n-hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and to isolate the active compounds from the extract showing the strongest cytotoxic activity. In addition to this, it was aimed to evaluate the biological activities (cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial) of different extracts and active compounds from Achillea monocephala.

Methods and Materials:
The in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from A. monocephala aerial parts were examined. The structures of the active compounds were determined by NMR techniques, UV, IR and LC-MS/MS analysis and their biological potential was examined.

Results:
The chloroform extract showed strong and selective cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7). Besides, this extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than other extracts. Therefore, through activity-guided procedures, luteolin, naringenin and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compounds were isolated from this extract. The methanol extract showed stronger antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) and anticholinesterase activity than other extracts. The n-hexan extract exhibited the highest anti-urease activity. In this study, it was determined that the isolated compounds had a strong biological activity. Naringenin compound had stronger ABTS radical cation scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity than other compounds. 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compound showed the highest urease and acetylcholinestease enzyme inhibition.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that the extracts and isolated compounds from the A. monocephala may be used as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.
A Conversion Efficiency Determination of High Efficiency Solar Cells with the Parabolic Dish Concentrating System
Authors: Jumrusprasert Pattanapong 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
Field test for the conversion efficiency determination of high concentrating solar
cells with the parabolic dish concentrating system in a tropical location.

Background:
Typical solar cell system using in a tropical location is a fixed panel via commercial
grade mono crystalline, poly crystalline or amorphous solar panels. They have low conversion efficiency,
so they need a wide area to enhance electrical energy. The consequence is low yielding in
terms of economics and unpopular use in an urban zone.

Objective:
To test for the conversion efficiency determination of high concentrating solar cells with
the parabolic dish concentrating system in a tropical location.

Methods:
The research was conducted at the top of Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University
(NRRU) Science Center Building, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The four multi junction solar cells
were connected together to receive the reflecting concentrated sunlight from the parabolic dish. The
conversion efficiency of the 160 watts peak mono crystalline solar cell panel for a comparing purpose
was also determined. Multi junction solar cells with parabolic dish concentrating and cooling
systems, solar cell panel, pyrheliometer, pyranometer and light sensor were set up on the dual axes
sun tracker. Data were gathered every 5 minutes all day from January 2018 to February 2019 for all 3
seasons via the automatic data logging system.

Results:
The results had presented that the average conversion efficiency of high concentrating solar
cell module with the parabolic dish concentrating system for 100x and of the 160 watts peak mono
crystalline solar cell panel was 15.18% and 9.46% respectively, with the percentage difference of
56.45%. While the average output powers per unit area per year of multi junction solar cells with
concentrating system and mono crystalline solar cell panel were 98,544.92watt/m2 and
664.37watt/m2 respectively, with the ratio of 148.33.

Conclusion:
It is clearly seen that, in terms of conversion efficiency and output power per unit area
per year, the multi junction solar cells with the parabolic dish concentrating system have more advantage
than the typical mono crystalline solar cell panel.

Other:
Other: Especially from the economical aspect, the utilization of the parabolic dish concentrating system
with MJ solar cells can reduce the land investment cost and also encourage solar cell utilization
not only in rural but also in urban for the tropical climate countries.
Fortalecimiento de las Competencias de Aprendizaje de Geometría mediante B-Learning
Authors: Sotelo Fabinton , Solarte Mario , Jordan Wilson , Erazo Yerson 
Published: August 2020

: Una de las debilidades frecuentes encontradas en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la educación media Colombiana se da en el área de las matemáticas, incluyendo el álgebra, trigonométrica, calculo y geometría. Esta investigación busca fortalecer la adquisición de competencias del área de la geometría del grado noveno, en un colegio de la ciudad de Popayán (Colombia), con aproximadamente 70 estudiantes. Haciendo uso del sistema de gestión de aprendizaje (LMS) dotLRN, Geogebra y un marco de referencia que integra esta herramienta al LMS. Se capacita al docente y estudiantes para hacer uso de estos servicios TIC, de tal forma se logren involucrar en el proceso educativo en temáticas como: Construcción de polígono, calculo de perímetro y calculo de área.
Se propone un caso de estudio donde se proponen las temáticas en dos cursos, con contextos educativos diferentes, 9A apoyado en b-learning y 9B de forma convencional; al final se comparan resultados académicos.
An Interactive Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Adherence to Option B+ Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Kenya: Cost Analysis
Authors: Chen Yilin , Ronen Keshet , Matemo Daniel , Unger Jennifer A , Kinuthia John , John-Stewart Grace , Levin Carol 
Published: August 2020

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) approaches offer potentially affordable ways to support the care of HIV-infected patients in overstretched health care systems. However, only few studies have analyzed the costs associated with mHealth solutions for HIV care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the total incremental costs and incremental cost per beneficiary of an interactive SMS text messaging support intervention within a clinical trial.

Methods
The Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671) evaluates an interactive semiautomated SMS text messaging intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care among peripartum women infected with HIV in Kenya to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Women were randomized to receive one-way versus two-way SMS text messages. Messages were sent weekly, and these messages included motivational and educational content and visit reminders; two-way messaging enabled prompt consultation with the nurse as needed. Microcosting methods were used to collect resource-use data related to implementing the Mobile WAChX SMS text messaging intervention. At 2 sites (Nairobi and Western Kenya), we conducted semistructured interviews with health personnel to identify startup and recurrent activities by obtaining information on the personnel, supplies, and equipment. Data on expenditures and prices from project expense reports, administrative records, and published government salary data were included to estimate the total incremental costs. Using a public provider perspective, we estimated incremental unit costs per beneficiary and per contact during 2017.

Results
The weighted average annual incremental costs for the two-way SMS text messaging group were US $3725 per facility, US $62 per beneficiary, and US $0.85 per contact to reach 115 beneficiaries. For the one-way SMS text messaging group, the weighted average annual incremental costs were US $2542 per facility, US $41 per beneficiary, and US $0.66 per contact to reach 117 beneficiaries. The largest cost shares were for the personnel: 48.2% (US $1794/US $3725) in two-way and 32.4% (US $825/US $2542) in one-way SMS text messaging groups. Costs associated with software development and communication accounted for 29.9% (US $1872/US $6267) of the costs in both intervention arms (US $1042 vs US $830, respectively).

Conclusions
Cost information for budgeting and financial planning is relevant for implementing mHealth interventions in national health plans. Given the proportion of costs related to systems development, it is likely that costs per beneficiary will decline with the scale-up of the interventions.