bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Flexible and Broad Antibacterial Nanodressing Induces Complete Skin Repair with Angiogenic and Follicle Regeneration
Authors: Hu Weikang , Wang Zijian , Zha Yao , Gu Xiang , You Wenjie , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Jianglin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComplete skin reconstruction is a hierarchically physiological assembly involving epidermis, dermis, vasculature, innervation, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Despite various wound dressings having been developed for skin regeneration, few works refer to the complete skin regeneration, particularly lacking for vasculatures and hair follicles. Herein, an instructive wound dressing that integrates the antibacterial property of quaternized chitin and the mechanical strength and biological multifunction of silk fibroin through layer‐by‐layer electrostatic self‐assembly is designed and reported. The resultant dressings exhibit a nanofibrous structure ranging from 471.5 ± 212.1 to 756.9 ± 241.8 nm, suitable flexibility with tensile strength up to 4.47 ± 0.29 MPa, and broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. More interestingly, the current dressing system remarkably accelerates in vivo vascular reconstruction within 15 days, and the number of regenerated hair follicles reaches up to 22 ± 4 mm−2, which is comparable to the normal tissue (27 ± 2 mm−2). Those crucial functions might originate from the combination between quaternized chitin and silk fibroin and the hierarchical structure of electrospun nanofiber. This work establishes an easy but effective pathway to design a multifunctional wound dressing for the complete skin regeneration.
Bioengineered Hybrid Collagen Scaffold Tethered with Silver‐Catechin Nanocomposite Modulates Angiogenesis and TGF‐β Toward Scarless Healing in Chronic Deep Second Degree Infected Burns
Authors: Kalirajan Cheirmadurai , Palanisamy Thanikaivelan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractManagement of burn wounds with diabetes and microbial infection is challenging in tissue engineering. The delayed wound healing further leads to scar formation in severe burn injury. Herein, a silver‐catechin nanocomposite tethered collagen scaffold with angiogenic and antibacterial properties is developed to enable scarless healing in chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa under diabetic conditions. Histological observations of the granulation tissues collected from an experimental rat model show characteristic structural organizations similar to normal skin, whereas the open wound and pristine collagen scaffold treated animals display elevated dermis with thick epidermal layer and lack of appendages. Epidermal thickness of the hybrid scaffold treated diabetic animals is lowered to 33 ± 2 µm compared to 90 ± 2 µm for pristine collagen scaffold treated groups. Further, the scar elevation index of 1.3 ± 0.1 estimated for the bioengineered scaffold treated diabetic animals is closer to the normal skin. Immunohistochemical analyses provide compelling evidence for the enhanced angiogenesis as well as downregulated transforming growth factor‐ β1 (TGF‐β1) and upregulated TGF‐β3 expressions in the hybrid scaffold treated animal groups. The insights from this study endorse the bioengineered collagen scaffolds for applications in tissue regeneration without scar in chronic burn wounds.
Bifunctional Nanomaterials for Enhanced Cell Proliferation and for the Reduction of Bacterial Bioluminescence/Fitness
Authors: Motealleh Andisheh , Czieborowski Michael , Philipp Bodo , Nowak Sascha , Kehr Nermin S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of bifunctional nanomaterials that can both inhibit bacterial bioluminescence, an indicator for the bacterial fitness, and, simultaneously, improve the proliferation of eukaryotic cells, a property that is desired for biomedical devices such as implants. To prepare this functional nanomaterial, the pores of the periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanocontainers are first functionalized with dexamethasone (Dex), which has anti‐inflammatory and cell proliferation properties. Then, the external surface of the PMO is functionalized with the antibacterial and cell adhesive bipolymer poly‐d‐lysine (PDL). The results show that cofunctionalization of the PMO surfaces with both Dex and PDL have beneficial additive and/or synergistic effects on cell proliferation and bacterial bioluminescence inhibition.
The Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction on Halide Perovskite Materials
Authors: Sun Hongyu , Adhyaksa Gede W.P. , Garnett Erik C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, the application of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in halide perovskites has enabled the correlation of the micro‐structural arrangement of polycrystalline grains with other properties (optical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical) in a “pixel‐by‐pixel” approach. Most studies so far have used an ultra‐sensitive electron beam detector that has sensitivity thousands of times higher than a traditional scintillator screen and charge coupled device camera, enabling much lower beam currents. An alternative approach has been the use of low vacuum measurement conditions to avoid charge buildup that leads to damage. This review focuses on introducing the classical EBSD technique to the halide perovskite community, where it has been highly underutilized due to beaminduced damage in these relatively unstable materials. Recent research is used to dispel some common misconceptions about grain boundaries in halide perovskites and highlight what has been learned by comparing and correlating EBSD with other techniques. Additionally, the remaining limitations, development challenges, and future of the EBSD technique for halide perovskites are discussed. Successful utilization of the EBSD technique as a common characterization tool in the halide perovskite community will enable scientists and engineers to develop maps of cross correlated properties, helping to unlock the full potential of this complex material system.
Biomass allocation for vegetative and reproductive growth of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
Authors: Ma Ruili , Xu Shengrong , Chen Yuan , Guo Fengxia , Wu Rui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFritillaria przewalskii Maxim., a member of the Lilly family native in China, is used in Chinese herbal medicine. The plants have a reproductive cycle of 6 years. In order to better understand the growth characteristics of this species, the biomass allocation for plant organs at vegetative growth stages (V) and reproductive growth stages (R) were investigated. A reduced major axis (RMA) was used to analyze biomass allometric relationship between whole plants and bulbs/leaves, between bulbs and leaves/roots, between aboveground and belowground parts. Similar biomass allocation patterns over individual organs for plants were found during V and R. At both stages, most biomass accumulated in bulbs and least in roots. All organs displayed a similar growth partitioning for both stages of growth. The results showed that the differences of biomass allocation were affected by the plants size and the growth stages during growth and development of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.
Associations between exposure to ethylene oxide, job termination, and cause‐specific mortality risk
Authors: Park Robert M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious analyses of mortality were conducted in a large cohort of ethylene oxide (EtO) exposed workers employed at 13 sterilization facilities throughout the U.S. and followed from the start of operation through 1998. Statistically significant elevated mortality was reported from hematopoietic cancer in men and breast cancer in women compared to the general population. Possible healthy worker survivor bias was not addressed.MethodsTo examine survivor bias in this cohort, employment termination was analyzed with statistical models stratified on sex and race that included age, employment duration, and cumulative EtO exposure. To reduce survivor bias employment duration was included in Poisson regression model specifications for estimating standardized mortality ratios for several cancer outcomes.ResultsStrong statistically significant effects of unlagged cumulative EtO exposure were observed on rate of employment termination, indicating potential healthy worker survivor effect bias. Adjustment for employment duration in analyses of mortality resulted in statistically significant and stronger associations between cumulative EtO exposure and lung cancer, female breast cancer and hematopoietic cancer. There was a striking reduction in nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality risk with increasing employment duration with a further (nonsignificant) reduction with cumulative EtO, suggesting that EtO itself is driving termination of workers with respiratory morbidity even though the average EtO exposures in this population were generally far below odor and acute irritancy thresholds.ConclusionsImportant survivor bias was present in this EtO cohort and may be present in many occupational settings involving irritant exposures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Anionic Poly(cyclopentadienylene vinylene) and Its Use in Conductive Hydrogels
Authors: Lee Daniel C. , Sellers Drew L. , Liu Fan , Boydston Andrew J. , Pun Suzie H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of π‐conjugated polymers (CPs) in conductive hydrogels remains challenging due to the water‐insoluble nature of most CPs. Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are promising alternatives because they have tunable electronic properties and high water‐solubility, but they are often difficult to synthesize and thus have not been widely adopted. Herein, we report the synthesis of an anionic poly(cyclopentadienylene vinylene) (aPCPV) from an insulating precursor under mild conditions and in high yield. Functionalized aPCPV is a highly water‐soluble CPE that exhibits low cytotoxicity, and we found that doping hydrogels with aPCPV imparts conductivity. We also anticipate that this synthetic strategy, due to its ease and high efficiency, will be widely used to create families of not‐yet‐explored π‐conjugated vinylene polymers.
Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions Promoted by Aluminyl and Alumoxane Anions: Introducing the Ethenetetraolate Ligand
Authors: Anker Mathew D. , McMullin Claire L. , Rajabi Nasir A. , Coles Martyn P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract[K{Al(NONDipp)}]2(NONDipp=[O(SiMe2NDipp)2]2−, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) reacts with CS2to afford the trithiocarbonate species [K(OEt2)][Al(NONDipp)(CS3)]1or the ethenetetrathiolate complex, [K{Al(NONDipp)(S2C)}]2[3]2. The dimeric alumoxane [K{Al(NONDipp)(O)}]2reacts with carbon monoxide to afford the oxygen analogue of3, [K{Al(NONDipp)(O2C)}]2[4]2containing the hitherto unknown ethenetetraolate ligand, [C2O4]4−.
Ternary Sn‐Ti‐O Electrocatalyst Boosts the Stability and Energy Efficiency of CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wen Guobin , Ren Bohua , Park Moon G. , Yang Jie , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Zhen , Deng Ya‐Ping , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Gostick Jeff , Botton Gianluigi A. , Hu Yongfeng , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSimultaneously improving energy efficiency (EE) and material stability in electrochemical CO2 conversion remains an unsolved challenge. Among a series of ternary Sn‐Ti‐O electrocatalysts, 3D ordered mesoporous (3DOM) Sn0.3Ti0.7O2 achieves a trade‐off between active‐site exposure and structural stability, demonstrating up to 71.5 % half‐cell EE over 200 hours, and a 94.5 % Faradaic efficiency for CO at an overpotential as low as 430 mV. DFT and X‐ray absorption fine structure analyses reveal an electron density reconfiguration in the Sn‐Ti‐O system. A downshift of the orbital band center of Sn and a charge depletion of Ti collectively facilitate the dissociative adsorption of the desired intermediate COOH* for CO formation. It is also beneficial in maintaining a local alkaline environment to suppress H2 and formate formation, and in stabilizing oxygen atoms to prolong durability. These findings provide a new strategy in materials design for efficient CO2 conversion and beyond.
A Predictive Model for Assessment of the Risk of Mold Growth in Rapeseeds Stored in a bulk as a Decision Support Tool for Postharvest Management Systems
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jolanta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReliable prediction of the risk of mold development in a stored bulk of rapeseeds may help to maintain seed quality and ensure the highest quality and safety of cooking oil. Mathematical models based on predictive microbiology that are able to assess the risk of fungal growth and the mycotoxins formation in a stored seed ecosystems are promising prognostic tools, which may improve postharvest management systems. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model of fungal growth in bulks of rapeseeds stored under conditions, in which seeds are at risk of quality deterioration. It was formulated on the basis of data reflecting actual seed ecosystems with a hazardous initial level of mold spores (characteristic of seeds that vegetate and are harvested under adverse weather conditions) stored at a wide range of temperature (12–30 °C) and humidity (seed water activity, aw = 0.80–0.90). The predictive model was based on the modified Gompertz equation, whose coefficients are related with biological parameters of mold growth (i.e., lag phase duration, maximum growth rate and fungal population level at the stationary phase). The biological parameters of the model were described using the second‐degree polynomial functions of temperature and water activity. The criteria used to assess the model efficiency pointed to its good predictive quality (R2 = 0.90; RMSE =0.547). Moreover, the model was characterized by high accuracy (bias factor B
f = 1.045 and accuracy factor A
f = 1.050). The formulated model of fungal growth can be used as a decision support tool to improve systems managing postharvest seed preservation processes.
A novel method for quantifying femoral neck anteversion: A case study in extinct and extant sloths
Authors: Harper Christine M. , Sylvester Adam D. , McAfee Robert K. , Cooke Siobhán B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtinct sloths represent a wide range of morphological, locomotor, and body size variation. Researchers have examined femoral neck angle in two dimensions to hypothesize locomotor behaviors in this group; however, this measure does not account for femoral neck anteversion. Here, we present a new method for quantifying femoral neck anteversion angle, in addition to femoral neck angle, to capture the 3D position of the femoral head/neck. Femora of extant (n= 21;BradypusandCholoepus) and extinct (n= 49;Acratocnus,Megalocnus,Neocnus, andParocnus) sloths were surface scanned and their surface models used to calculate three angles of femoral neck anteversion and femoral neck angle. Femoral neck anteversion was calculated as the angle between the femoral neck axis and the geometric axis of the femoral condyles (GA), the 35% cross section axis, and a trochanter axis. Femoral neck angle was calculated as the angle between the femoral neck and shaft axes. Genera were compared using ANOVAs with post hoc multiple comparisons for each angle. Femoral neck angle and femoral neck anteversion relative to the cross section were also analyzed. Significant differences among genera exist for all angles, (p < .001) but not all angles separate all genera. Femoral neck and anteversion angles typically yield different results, demonstrating the utility of analyzing both angles. The GA and cross section angles are highly correlated in sloths, with the exception of comparisons amongMegalocnus,Parocnus, andNeocnus, suggesting morphological variation in the distal femur. While this method was applied to sloths, it has broad applicability to mammalian groups.
Outcomes for high-risk hepatoblastoma in a resource-challenged setting
Authors: Rammohan A , Rela M , Kumar G V , Scott J X , Shanmugam N , Reddy M S , Ramachandran P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Outcomes of high-risk hepatoblastoma have been dismal, especially in resource-challenged countries where access to chemotherapy and paediatric liver transplantation is limited for the underprivileged. This study aimed to assess the results of treatment of high-risk hepatoblastoma in a tertiary centre, including patients who had non-transplant surgical procedures in the form of extended resection.

Methods
A review of patients with high-risk hepatoblastoma treated between January 2012 and May 2018 was carried out. Perioperative data and long-term outcomes were analysed.

Results
Of 52 children with hepatoblastoma, 22 were considered to have high-risk hepatoblastoma (8 girls and 14 boys). The mean(s.d.) age at diagnosis was 35(20) months. Of these 22 children, five died without surgery. Of the remaining 17 who underwent surgery, six had a resection (4 right and 2 left trisectionectomies) and 11 underwent living-donor liver transplantation. Median follow-up was 48 (range 12–90) months. Thirteen of the 17 children were alive at last follow-up and four developed disseminated disease (3 had undergone liver transplantation and 1 liver resection). The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 77, 64 and 62 per cent for the whole cohort with high-risk hepatoblastoma. In children who had surgery, 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 91, 82 and 73 per cent for transplantation and 100, 83 and 83 per cent for resection. There was no difference in survival between the two surgical groups.

Conclusion
Excellent results in the treatment of high-risk hepatoblastoma are possible, even in resource-challenged countries.
Copper‐Mediated Conversion of Complex Ethers to Esters: Enabling Biopolymer Depolymerisation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Xiao Ganyuan , Montgomery James R. D. , Lancefield Christopher S. , Panovic Isabella , Westwood Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelective processing of the β‐O‐4 unit in lignin is essential for the efficient depolymerisation of this biopolymer and therefore its successful integration into a biorefinery set‐up. An approach is described in which this unit is modified to incorporate a carboxylic ester with the goal of enabling the use of mild depolymerisation conditions. Inspired by preliminary results using a Cu/TEMPO/O2 system, a protocol was developed that gave the desired β‐O‐4‐containing ester in high yield using certain dimeric model compounds. The optimised reaction conditions were then applied to an oligomeric lignin model system. Extensive 2D NMR analysis demonstrated that analogous chemistry could be achieved with the oligomeric substrate. Mild depolymerisation of the ester‐containing oligomer delivered the expected aryl acid monomer.
Comparative Study of the Supercapacitive Performance of Three Ferrocene‐Based Structures: Targeted Design of a Conductive Ferrocene‐Functionalized Coordination Polymer as a Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Miao Qian , Rouhani Farzaneh , Moghanni‐Bavil‐Olyaei Hamed , Liu Kuan‐Guan , Gao Xue‐Mei , Li Jing‐Zhe , Hu Xiu‐De , Jin Zhi‐Min , Hu Mao‐Lin , Morsali Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs redox‐active based supercapacitors are known as highly desirable next‐generation supercapacitor electrodes, the targeted design of two ferrocene‐functionalized (Fc(COOH)2) clusters based on coinage metals, [(PPh3)2AgO2CFcCO2Ag(PPh3)2]2⋅7 CH3OH (SC1: super capacitor) and [(PPh3)3CuO2CFcCO2Cu(PPh3)3]⋅3 CH3OH (SC2), is reported. Both structures are fully characterized by various techniques. The structures are utilized as energy storage electrode materials, giving 130 F g−1 and 210 F g−1 specific capacitance at 1.5 A g−1 in Na2SO4 electrolyte, respectively. The obtained results show that the presence of CuI instead of AgI improves the supercapacitive performance of the cluster. Further, to improve the conductivity, the PSC2 ([(PPh3)2CuO2CFcCO2]∞), a polymeric structure of SC2, was synthesized and used as an energy storage electrode. PSC2 displays high conductivity and gives 455 F g−1 capacitance at 3 A g−1. The PSC2 as a supercapacitor electrode presents a high power density (2416 W kg−1), high energy density (161 Wh kg−1), and long cycle life over 4000 cycles (93 %). These results could lead to the amplification of high‐performance supercapacitors in new areas to develop real applications and stimulate the use of the targeted design of coordination polymers without hybridization or compositions with additive materials.
Balancing Ligand Flexibility versus Rigidity for the Stepwise Self‐Assembly of M12L24 via M6L12 Metal–Organic Cages
Authors: Liu Cui‐Lian , Bobylev Eduard O. , Fu Yang , Poole David A. , Robeyns Koen , Fustin Charles‐André , Garcia Yann , Reek Joost N. H. , Singleton Michael L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions are important for directing protein folding across multiple intermediates and can even provide access to multiple stable structures with different properties and functions. Herein, we describe an approach for mimicking this behavior in the self‐assembly of metal–organic cages. Two ligands, the bend angles of which are controlled by non‐covalent interactions and one ligand lacking the above‐mentioned interactions, were synthesized and used for self‐assembly with Pd2+. As these weak interactions are easily broken, the bend angles have a controlled flexibility giving access to M2(L1)4, M6(L2)12, and M12(L2)24 cages. By controlling the self‐assembly conditions this process can be directed in a stepwise fashion. Additionally, the multiple endohedral hydrogen‐bonding sites on the ligand were found to play a role in the binding and discrimination of neutral guests.
Mechanism of an Elusive Solvent Effect in Organozinc Reagent Synthesis
Authors: Hanada Erin M. , Jess Kristof , Blum Suzanne A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolvent effects are often difficult to understand in cases where reaction intermediates, and thus their differential behavior in different solvents, are not directly observable by traditional ensemble analytical techniques. Herein, the sensitivity of single‐particle fluorescence microscopy uniquely enables direct observation of organozinc intermediates and solvent effects on their build‐up and persistence. When combined with NMR spectroscopy, these imaging data pinpoint the previously elusive mechanistic origin of solvent effects in the synthesis of widely used organozinc reagents. These findings characterize the acceleration of oxidative addition of the starting organoiodide to the surface of zinc metal in DMSO relative to THF, but once formed, surface intermediates display similar persistence in either solvent. The current studies are the first demonstration of a highly sensitive, single‐particle fluorescence microscopy technique to pinpoint otherwise elusive solvent effects in synthetic chemistry.