bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled replication of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus‘ DNA in citrus leaf discs
Authors: Attaran Elham , Berim Anna , Killiny Nabil , Beyenal Haluk , Gang David R. , Omsland Anders 
Published: January 2020

Summary‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is a fastidious bacterium and a putative agent of citrus greening disease (a.k.a., huanglongbing, HLB), a significant agricultural disease that affects citrus fruit quality and tree health. In citrus, ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ is phloem limited. Lack of culture tools to study ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ complicates analysis of this important organism. To improve understanding of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’–host interactions including parameters that affect ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ replication, methods suitable for screening pathogen responses to physicochemical and nutritional variables are needed. We describe a leaf disc‐based culture assay that allows highly selective measurement of changes in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA within plant tissue incubated under specific physicochemical and nutritional conditions. qPCR analysis targeting the hypothetical gene CD16‐00155 (strain A4) allowed selective quantification of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA content within infected tissue. ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA replication was observed in response to glucose exclusively under microaerobic conditions, and the antibiotic amikacin further enhanced ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA replication. Metabolite profiling revealed a moderate impact of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ on the ability of leaf tissue to metabolize and respond to glucose.
Factors associated with successful discontinuation of certolizumab pegol in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Atsumi Tatsuya , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Yamanaka Hisashi , Ishiguro Naoki , Eguchi Katsumi , Watanabe Akira , Origasa Hideki , Shoji Toshiharu , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Koike Takao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe Certolizumab–Optimal Prevention of joint damage for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (C‐OPERA) study demonstrated that in methotrexate (MTX)‐naïve early RA patients with poor prognostic factors, 1‐year certolizumab pegol (CZP) therapy added to the first year of 2‐year optimized MTX therapy brings radiographic and clinical benefits through 2 years even after stopping CZP. This exploratory analysis aimed to identify factors at baseline and at CZP discontinuation associated with successful CZP discontinuation.MethodsMTX‐naïve early RA patients with poor prognostic factors entered C‐OPERA (NCT01451203), a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to CZP + MTX (n = 159) or PBO + MTX (n = 157); those who completed the 1‐year, double‐blind period received MTX alone in Year 2 (CZP + MTX→MTX, n = 108; PBO + MTX→MTX, n = 71). Association between factors at baseline or at discontinuation of CZP and clinical/radiographic outcomes were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Predictive value cut‐offs were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsSex (male) and low baseline Disease Activity Score of 28 joints – erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) were associated with simple disease activity index (SDAI) remission (≤3.3), whereas high baseline DAS28‐ESR and modified total Sharp score (mTSS) were associated with clinically relevant radiographic progression (yearly progression mTSS > 3) at Week 104 (across both treatment arms). Low DAS28‐ESR (<2.1) and rheumatoid factor (RF; <74 IU/mL) at discontinuation of CZP were associated with SDAI remission at Week 104. At Week 104, SDAI remission was achieved by 75.0% (42/56) of patients with low DAS28‐ESR and RF at discontinuation, compared to 15.4% (2/13) of patients with high DAS28‐ESR and RF.ConclusionPatients with low RF and low disease activity after treatment with CZP + MTX may be able to discontinue CZP without risk of loss of response.
Emergency Providers’ Familiarity with Firearms: A National Survey
Authors: Ketterer Andrew R. , Poland Scott , Ray Kaitlin , Abuhasira Ran , Aldeen Amer Z. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergency providers (EPs) are uniquely placed to advocate for firearm safety and have been shown to be at risk of exposure to firearms in the emergency department (ED). We sought to characterize EPs’ knowledge of firearms, frequency of encountering firearms in the ED and level of confidence with safely removing firearms from patient care settings.MethodsThis was a survey study of EPs representing medical centers in 22 states. A 15‐item questionnaire was e‐mailed to all EPs at all included institutions. Questions pertained to EPs’ knowledge of firearms, experience with handling firearms, and exposure to firearms while at work. We calculated response proportions with p‐values and conducted association analyses among survey items.ResultsOf 2,192 survey recipients, 1,074 (49.0%) completed the survey. A total of 635 (59.1%) reported encountering firearms in the ED or its immediate environment at least once per year, and 582 (54.2%) were not confident in their ability to safely handle a firearm found in a patient's possession. Frequency of handling firearms was significantly higher in states in the top quartile for firearm ownership, with 21.5% of respondents reporting handling firearms daily or weekly, compared to 10.9% in bottom‐quartile states. Level of firearms training also differed significantly: 42.1% of respondents in top‐quartile states reported formal training compared to 33.0% in bottom‐quartile states. Increased regional firearm ownership rates were associated with decreased rates of feeling unsafe at work.ConclusionsThe majority of surveyed EPs reported little experience with handling firearms. Firearm experience was associated with comfort with managing firearms found in patients’ possession. Regional differences were found regarding personal firearm experience and perceptions of workplace safety, both of which were associated with regional variations in firearm ownership. Despite this, no regional differences were found in encountering firearms in or around the ED. EPs may benefit from training on safely handling firearms.
Temperature and prey assessment on the performance of the mealybug predator Tenuisvalvae notata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Ferreira Larissa F , Silva‐Torres Christian S A , Venette Robert C , Torres Jorge B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTenuisvalvae notata preys upon several mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a group of worldwide pests including Planococcus citri and Ferrisia dasyrilii. Although the consequences of variation in temperature for the development and reproduction of insects are generally appreciated, the consequences of potential interactions between temperature and prey for predatory insects are not. Thermal requirements and predation rates were determined for T. notata at different constant temperatures with both prey species. T. notata larvae developed to adults in experimental conditions > 18 to <38 °C. The upper thermal limit for egg hatch was 34 °C and for pupation was 33 °C. Adults reared at ≥32 °C did not lay eggs and survived less than 1 week. Prey species did not affect lower temperature thresholds or thermal constants for development from egg to adult. Furthermore, prey did not affect a number of reproductive traits, but the interaction between temperature and prey affected changes in developmental times and oviposition rate with age. Predation rate of T. notata increased as a function of temperature, and T. notata adults generally consumed more nymphs of P. citri than F. dasyrilii. These findings indicate that T. notata is well adapted to the tropical and sub‐tropical temperatures and may prove useful for the biological control of some native and non‐native mealybugs.
Utility of preoperative blood screening before hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Shumborski Sarah , Gooden Benjamin , Salmon Lucy J. , O'Sullivan Michael , Pinczewski Leo A. , Roe Justin P. , Martina Kaka , Chopra Sarthak , Maclean Colin , Lyons Matthew C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is engrained in medical training that routine blood screening prior to arthroplasty is necessary for optimal patient care. There is little evidence to support their utility and the aggregate cost to the health system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative blood screening by identifying the frequency of an abnormal result and to examine the influence of age, gender and body mass index on the frequency of abnormal blood pathology.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 1000 patients from a single centre who underwent elective primary hip or knee arthroplasty from 2015 to 2017. Abnormal blood results were identified and clinically relevant intervals were created for routine markers.ResultsA total of 939 patients had available pathology results with 84% identified as having an abnormal result and 47% having a clinically important range. Abnormal liver function tests and ferritin were most common. With increasing age, there was a significant increase in rates of abnormal clinically important range, renal dysfunction, abnormal haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Males and patients with body mass index >40 had an increased rate of abnormal results, particularly liver function tests.ConclusionThe ordering of preoperative investigations prior to lower limb arthroplasty is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, alleviating concern of post‐operative complications and covering medicolegal issues. Our study determined a high frequency of abnormal results, justifying routine blood screening is recommended prior to surgery, particularly for the elderly, males and obese patients.
How much does axillary ultrasound contribute in women undergoing breast‐conserving surgery with no palpable axillary nodes?
Authors: Preda Tamara , McGrath Rachel , Bingham Janne , Fawcett Alexandra , O'Dea Chloe , Bochner Melissa , Gill Peter Grantley , Kollias James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective was evaluation of axillary ultrasound (AxUS) in preoperative staging of patients with invasive carcinoma undergoing breast‐conserving surgery.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with clinically node‐negative (cN0) biopsy‐proven invasive breast carcinoma undergoing breast‐conserving surgery between January 2011 and December 2014 who underwent AxUS with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of sonographically abnormal lymph nodes. Patient records were reviewed.ResultsA total of 713 cases were analysed. Four hundred and thirty‐three patients underwent formal preoperative AxUS; 100 underwent biopsy for abnormal findings. Of these, 32 had positive FNA biopsy result and underwent level II axillary dissection (axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)). Thirty were T1–2 tumours with AxUS scan/FNA demonstrating sensitivity of 25.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 76.6%. Forty‐six patients had a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and axillary dissection. 34.8% of T1 tumours, 47.8% of T2 tumours and 100% of T3 tumours had further positive nodes. The average number of nodes involved per axilla was 1.8 for the T1 group, 4.1 for the T2 group and 4.6 in the T3 group. Macrometastases were a more common finding than micrometastases for all T stages undergoing ALND. A suspicious preoperative AxUS result was significantly associated with positive SLN. Other risk factors for positive SLN biopsy were oestrogen receptor positivity and lymphovascular invasion.ConclusionAxUS identifies patients with high nodal burdens justifying immediate ALND. AxUS did not adversely affect women with histologically negative sentinel nodes. Three percent may have been overtreated.
Long‐term survival outcomes of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: a pooled analysis of 308 patients
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Wei Youzhu , Cai Zhibin , Zhou Yanming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a great clinical challenge due to its rarity. This study aims to examine the long‐term survival of UESL patients after treatment using different therapeutic modalities.MethodsA pooled analysis of individual data was performed on all UESL patients obtained from literature search (n = 307) and our institution (n = 1).ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival rate of the 308 patients was 65.8%, 70% for partial hepatectomy group (n = 271), 78.9% for liver transplantation group (n = 14) and 6.6% for nonsurgical treatment group (n = 23). For patients receiving partial hepatectomy, paediatric patients, radical resection and combined chemotherapy were independent predictors for improved survival.ConclusionRadical hepatectomy combined chemotherapy should be considered as the preferred treatment option for USEL. Liver transplantation appears to be a reasonable alternative for unresectable disease.
Application of the microRNA‐302/367 cluster in cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Wang Ying , Ji Ping , Jin Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a novel class of noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) can effectively silence their target genes at the posttranscriptional level. Various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility, are regulated by miRNAs. In different diseases and different stages of disease, miRNAs have various expression patterns, which makes them candidate prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Abnormal miRNA expression has been detected in numerous neoplastic diseases in humans, which indicates the potential role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs are involved in nearly the entire process of tumor development. MicroRNA‐302a, miR‐302b, miR‐302c, miR‐302d, and miR‐367 are members of the miR‐302/367 cluster that plays various biological roles in diverse neoplastic diseases by targeting different genes. These miRNAs have been implicated in several unique characteristics of cancer, including the evasion of growth suppressors, the sustained activation of proliferative signaling, the evasion of cell death and senescence, and the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This review provides a critical overview of miR‐302/367 cluster dysregulation and the subsequent effects in cancer and highlights the vast potential of members of this cluster as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers.
Refractory case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated encephalomyelitis with lumbosacral radiculitis
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Fujimori Juichi , Kobayashi Michiko , Ishigaki Aya , Kikuchi Hirokazu , Miyazawa Koichi , Sato Kazuhiko , Kawasaski Emiko , Suzuki Yasushi , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐IgG) has been identified in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) without the presence of anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody. Patients with MOG‐IgG present with clinical symptoms distinct from those of multiple sclerosis or NMOSD, so MOG‐IgG‐associated encephalomyelitis (MOG‐EM) is regarded as an entity distinct from multiple sclerosis and NMOSD. In contrast to NMOSD with anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody, MOG‐EM has been reported to respond well to steroid therapy, and the functional prognosis of this disease is good. However, here we report a patient with MOG‐EM and lumbosacral radiculitis who showed little response to various immune therapies.Case presentationA 40‐year‐old man presented with acute paraplegia and sensory disturbance in the lower body. MOG‐IgG was positive both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Steroid pulse therapy, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy were ineffective. In nerve conduction studies, compound muscle action potentials and F‐waves were not evoked in bilateral lower limb nerves, suggesting severe damage of peripheral nerves and lower motor neurons. Gadolinium enhancement was observed in the cauda equina.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of peripheral nerve system involvement in MOG‐EM are unknown, but the present case suggests that MOG‐EM might occasionally combine with peripheral nerve system disturbance. Lumbosacral radiculitis combined with MOG‐IgG can be refractory, and serious sequela might be observed.
Workflow for highly porous resorbable custom 3D printed scaffolds using medical grade polymer for large volume alveolar bone regeneration
Authors: Bartnikowski Michal , Vaquette Cedryck , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the design, workflow, and manufacture of highly porous, resorbable additively manufactured, 3‐dimensional (3D) custom scaffolds for the regeneration of large volume alveolar bone defects.Materials and MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scans of 5 posterior mandibular vertical bone defects were obtained. Surface masks (3D surface contours) of the recipient site were first isolated using a contrast threshold, transformed into 3D objects, and used to guide the formation of custom implant template models. To determine model accuracy and fit, the gap and overlap between the patient geometry models and the idealized template 3D models were quantified. Models were 3D printed from medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) into porous scaffolds. For scaffold dimensional quantification, scaffolds were scanned using a micro‐computed tomography (µCT) scanner.ResultsThe design and printing processes each achieved dimensional errors of <200 µm on average. The average gap between the template implant model and the scanned scaffold model was found to be 74 ± 14 µm. The printed scaffold was confirmed as having a porosity of 83.91%, a mean polymer or filament thickness of 200 ± 46 µm, and a mean pore size of 590 ± 243 µm.ConclusionThe approach described in this study is straightforward, adaptable to a range of patient geometries, and results in the formation of reproducible, dimensionally accurate custom implants. These highly porous 3D structures manufactured from resorbable medical grade material represent a potentially transformative technology toward the clinical implementation of scaffold‐guided bone regeneration procedures.
Renal transplant outcomes in patients with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
Authors: Cormican Sarah , Kennedy Claire , Connaughton Dervla M. , O'Kelly Patrick , Murray Susan , Živná Martina , Kmoch Stanislav , Fennelly Neil K. , Benson Katherine A. , Conlon Eoin T. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Foley Claire , Doyle Brendan , Dorman Anthony , Little Mark A. , Lavin Peter , Kidd Kendrah , Bleyer Anthony J. , Conlon Peter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionAutosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is a rare genetic cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to compare renal transplant outcomes in people with ESRD due to ADTKD to those with other causes of renal failure.MethodsPatients with clinical characteristics consistent with ADTKD by the criteria outlined in the 2015 KDIGO consensus were included. We compared ADTKD transplant outcomes with those of 4633 non‐ADTKD renal transplant recipients.ResultsWe included 31 patients who met diagnostic criteria for ADTKD in this analysis, 23 of whom had an identified mutation (28 were categorized as definite‐ADTKD and 3 as suspected ADTKD). Five patients received a second transplant during follow‐up. In total, 36 grafts were included. We did not identify significant differences between groups in terms of graft or patient survival after transplantation. Twenty‐five transplant biopsies were performed during follow‐up, and none of these showed signs of recurrent ADTKD post‐transplant.ConclusionIn patients with ESRD due to ADTKD, we demonstrate that transplant outcomes are comparable with the general transplant population. There is no evidence that ADTKD can recur after transplantation.
HOME EQUITY IN RETIREMENT
Authors: Nakajima Makoto , Telyukova Irina A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRetired homeowners dissave more slowly than renters, which suggests that homeownership affects retirees' saving decisions. We investigate empirically and theoretically the life‐cycle patterns of homeownership, housing, and nonhousing assets in retirement. Using an estimated structural model of saving and housing decisions, we find first that homeowners dissave slowly because they prefer to stay in their house as long as possible but cannot easily borrow against it. Second, the 1996–2006 housing boom significantly increased homeowners' assets. These channels are quantitatively significant; without considering homeownership, retirees' net worth would be 28%–44% lower, depending on age.
Study on the reduction of commercial MoO3 with carbon black to prepare MoO2 and Mo2C nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Guo‐Dong , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Yan Bai‐Jun , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple method was developed to synthesize MoO2 and Mo2C nanoparticles via controlling nucleation and growth in carbothermic reduction of commercial MoO3 with carbon black. It was found that the appropriate C/MoO3 molar ratio for preparation of Mo2C was 2.8, and the carbothermic reduction process followed the sequence: MoO3 → transport phase (TP) → MoO2 → Mo2C. It was revealed that the most crucial issues for controlling number of produced particles of product were migration of Mo source and aid of nucleating agent, which can be achieved by using MoO3 and carbon black as starting materials. MoO2 nanosheets with the thickness of 12 nm and lateral size of 60 nm, as well as Mo2C nanoparticles with particle size of 30 nm were prepared via reduction of MoO3 with carbon black. However, MoO2 and Mo2C produced via reducing MoO3 by other kinds of carbon sources (activated carbon, graphite) or gas reductants (10% CH4/H2, CO) had much larger particle sizes of a few micrometers, which were tens of times than those using MoO3 and carbon black, due to the too small amount of formed nuclei. The effects of C/MoO3 molar ratio (0.5‐2.8), molybdenum sources and carbon sources on the reaction mechanisms were investigated in detail.
Manufacturer warranty service outsourcing strategies in a dual‐channel supply chain
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , He Zhen , He Shuguang , Cai Keyuan , Wang Dongfan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWarranty management for durable products has received increasing attention in recent years. In addition to conventionally keeping warranty in‐house, more manufacturers choose to outsource warranty service to agents. This paper explores outsourcing strategies for manufacturer warranty services in a dual‐channel supply chain by which the demand‐enhancing service can be undertaken by different supply chain parties. We show the results of three alternative outsourcing strategies for manufacturers whereby (a) the retailer undertakes the service, (b) a third party undertakes the service, and (c) both the retailer and a third party undertake the service simultaneously. According to Stackelberg game theory, we build a two‐echelon supply chain model and discuss the corresponding expressions for supply chain members' equilibrium decisions. Additionally, we compare the profits of each supply chain member and derive interesting managerial insights. When the base market size is relatively large, Scenario R helps the manufacturer and the retailer reach a “win‐win” situation.