bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indole‐3‐acetate beta‐glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates seed vigour through mediating crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid in rice
Authors: He Yongqi , Zhao Jia , Yang Bin , Sun Shan , Peng Liling , Wang Zhoufei 
Published: February 2020

SummarySeed vigour is an important trait for direct seeding in rice. In this study, indole‐3‐acetate beta‐glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU was cloned in rice, and its roles on seed vigour were mainly investigated. Disruption of OsIAGLU resulted in low seed vigour in rice. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that the expressions of OsIAGLU were relatively higher in the late developing and the early germinating seeds and were significantly induced by indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the IAA‐ and ABA‐related genes were involved in the OsIAGLU regulation of seed vigour in rice. The higher levels of free IAA and ABA were identified in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to wild‐type (WT) plants. When treated with exogenous IAA and ABA, the osiaglu mutants and WT plants showed sensitivity to ABA while not IAA, but the exogenous IAA amplified ABA‐induced reduction of seed vigour in rice. The continuously higher expressions of ABA‐INSENSITIVE 3 (OsABI3) and OsABI5 occurred in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to WT plants. The regulation of seed vigour by OsIAGLU might be through modulating IAA and ABA levels to alert OsABIs expression in germinating seeds in rice. Based on analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphism data of rice accessions, two haplotypes of OsIAGLU that positively correlated with seed vigour were identified in indica accessions. This study provides important insights into the roles of OsIAGLU on seed vigour and facilitates the practical use of OsIAGLU in rice breeding.
Factors associated with sleep duration among pupils
Authors: Kohyama Jun , Ono Makoto , Anzai Yuki , Kishino Ai , Tamanuki Keita , Moriyama Kengo , Saito Yoko , Emoto Runa , Fuse George , Hatai Yoshiho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSleep shortage has been pervasive among pupils.MethodsMultiple regression analysis was used to analyze 2,722 questionnaires obtained from grade 5 to 12 pupils, to determine factors associated with sleep duration.ResultsSignificant regression formulae for sleep duration were obtained for all school types: adjustedR2/Pvalue were 0.14/<0.001 for elementary school; 0.11/<0.001 for junior high school; 0.06/<0.001 for high school. Longer after‐school activities (standardized regression coefficient/Pvalue were −0.22/<0.001 for elementary school; −0.10/<0.01 for junior high school; −0.18/<0.001 for high school) and more sleepiness (−0.09/<0.001 for elementary school; −0.07/<0.05 for junior high school; −0.07/<0.05 for high school) were significantly associated with reduced sleep duration for all school types. In both elementary and junior high schools, the higher grade (−0.53/<0.001 for elementary school; −0.10/<0.01 for junior high school), and longer weekday screen time (−0.15/<0.001 for elementary school; −0.19/<0.001 for junior high school) were also significantly associated with sleep loss. In elementary school, irregular dinner (−0.07/<0.05), breakfast skipping (−0.11/<0.001), longer weekend screen time (−0.09/<0.05) and better self‐reported academic performance (0.07/<0.05) also revealed significant associations with sleep loss. In high school, reduction of sleep duration was also significantly associated with higher standardized body mass index (−0.08/<0.05).ConclusionsExcessive after‐school activity might be considered in association with pupils’ sleep reduction.
The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and Epstein‐Barr virus infection on the treatment for child primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients with X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease: A rare case report and family survey study
Authors: Cui Tingting , Wang Yini , Wang Jingshi , Zhang Jia , Gao Zhuo , Wang Zhao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractXLP‐2 is known as a rare primary immunodeficiency disease, which is characterized by the susceptibility to EBV infection and potential development into the pHLH. The existing studies believe that the dysfunction of XIAP represents one of the most significant pathogenic mechanisms of XLP‐2, and allo‐HSCT is regarded as a crucial treatment for the long‐term survival in XLP‐2 patients. In our present study, a 2‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with XLP‐2. After receiving chemotherapy by using HLH‐2004 without allo‐HSCT, he reached a complete remission, and his EBV load was brought under control. Our family survey revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the XIAP gene in this patient, as well as in his cousin and grandfather. Until now, the patient has been followed up for 22 months with no recurrence reported yet. Based on these findings, it is believed that for child pHLH patients with XLP‐2, the treatment by controlling symptoms alone without allo‐HSCT and with regular monitoring of EBV load could be conducive to a long‐term survival.
Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates
Authors: Stevens A. V. , Nicotra A. B. , Godfree R. C. , Guja L. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyploidy (the state of having more than two genome copies) is widely distributed in flowering plants and can vary within species, with polyploid races often associated with broad ecological tolerances. Polyploidy may influence within‐species variation in seed development, germination and establishment. We hypothesized that interactions between polyploidy and the seed developmental environment would affect subsequent dormancy, germination and early growth traits, particularly in stressful environments.Using seeds developed in a common garden under ambient and warmed conditions, we conducted germination trials under drought and temperature stress, and monitored the subsequent growth of seedlings. The study species,Themeda triandra, is a widespread, keystone, Australian native grass and a known polyploid complex.Tetraploid plants produced heavier, more viable seeds than diploids. Tetraploids were significantly more dormant than diploids, regardless of seed developmental environment. Non‐dormant tetraploids were more sensitive to germination stress compared to non‐dormant diploids. Finally, tetraploid seedlings were larger and grew faster than diploids, usually when maternal plants were exposed to developmental temperatures atypical to the source environment.Seed and seedling traits suggest tetraploids are generally better adapted to stressful environments than diploids. Because tetraploid seeds ofT. triandraare more dormant they are less likely to germinate under stress, and when they do germinate, seedling growth is rapid and independent of seed developmental environment. These novel results demonstrate that polyploidy, sometimes in interaction with developmental environment and possibly also asexuality, can have within‐species variation in seed and seedling traits that increase fitness in stressful environments.
Health gradients in emergency visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Belon Ana Paula , Serrano‐Lomelin Jesus , Nykiforuk Candace I.J. , Hicks Anne , Crawford Susan , Bakal Jeffrey , Ospina Maria B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocio‐economically deprived children face a disproportionate burden of respiratory diseases. The association between area‐level material and social deprivation and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases has not been explored.ObjectivesWe evaluated health inequalities in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases according to material and social deprivation indexes.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study deterministically linked birth, ED visits and hospitalisation data, and census‐based, area‐level deprivation indexes for all singleton children born in the province of Alberta, Canada, between 2005 and 2010 who had at least one recorded ED visit or hospitalisation for respiratory diseases in their first five years of life. We classified ED visits and hospitalisations for seven respiratory diseases by deprivation indexes. Concentration indexes (CInd) and area‐level concentration curves measured health gradients across deprivation groups. Rate ratios (RR) evaluated associations between deprivation indexes and respiratory episodes of care.ResultsThe study cohort included 198 572 newborns. The highest CInd were found in ED visits for other acute lower respiratory tract infections (oLRTI; CInd −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.32, −0.12) and bronchiolitis (CInd −0.21, 95% CI −0.29, −0.12), and for pneumonia hospitalisations (CInd −0.23, 95% CI −0.33, −0.13). Croup ED visits had a low inequality degree. Compared to social deprivation, the material deprivation index presented a more consistent health gradient of increased episodes of care with increasing deprivation. oLRTI ED visits (RR 2.60, 95% CI 2.34, 2.92) and pneumonia hospitalisations (RR 2.57, 95% CI 2.31, 2.86) presented the largest inequalities between the least and most materially deprived groups.ConclusionsWe found a concentration of ED visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases in the most deprived groups. However, health inequalities are present across the material and social deprivation spectrum. Compared to the social deprivation index, the material index presented clearer paediatric respiratory health gradients.
A national population‐based cohort study to investigate inequalities in maternal mortality in the United Kingdom, 2009‐17
Authors: Knight Marian , Bunch Kathryn , Kenyon Sara , Tuffnell Derek , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisparities have been documented in maternal mortality rates between women from different ethnic, age and socio‐economic groups in the UK. It is unclear whether there are differential changes in these rates amongst women from different groups over time. The objectives of this analysis were to describe UK maternal mortality rates in different age, ethnic and socio‐economic groups between 2009 and 2017, and to identify whether there were changes in the observed inequalities, or different trends amongst population subgroups.MethodsMaternal mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in specific age, deprivation and ethnic groups were calculated using numbers of maternal deaths as numerator and total maternities as denominator. Relative risks (RR) with 95% CI were calculated and compared using ratios of relative risk. Change over time was investigated using non‐parametric tests for trend across ordered groups.ResultsWomen from black and Asian groups had a higher mortality rate than white women in most time periods, as did women aged 35 and over and women from the most deprived quintile areas of residence. There was evidence of an increasing trend in maternal mortality amongst black women and a decrease in mortality amongst women from the least deprived areas, but no trends over time in any of the other ethnic, age or IMD groups were seen. There was a widening of the disparity between black and white women (RR 2.59 in 2009‐11 compared with 5.27 in 2015‐17, ratio of the relative risks 2.03, 95% CI 1.11, 3.72).ConclusionsThe clear differences in the patterns of maternal mortality amongst different ethnic, age and socio‐economic groups emphasise the importance of research and policies focussed specifically on women from black and minority ethnic groups, together with other disadvantaged groups, to begin to reduce maternal mortality in the UK.
Common circuit or paradigm shift? The functional brain in emotional scene perception and emotional imagery
Authors: Sambuco Nicola , Bradley Margaret M. , Herring David R. , Lang Peter J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeta‐analytic and experimental studies investigating the neural basis of emotion often compare functional activation in different emotional induction contexts, assessing evidence for a “core affect” or “salience” network. Meta‐analyses necessarily aggregate effects across diverse paradigms and different samples, which ignore potential neural differences specific to the method of affect induction. Data from repeated measures designs are few, reporting contradictory results with a small N. In the current study, functional brain activity is assessed in a large (N = 61) group of healthy participants during two common emotion inductions—scene perception and narrative imagery—to evaluate cross‐paradigm consistency. Results indicate that limbic and paralimbic regions, together with visual and parietal cortex, are reliably engaged during emotional scene perception. For emotional imagery, in contrast, enhanced functional activity is found in several cerebellar regions, hippocampus, caudate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, consistent with the conception that imagery is an action disposition. Taken together, the data suggest that a common emotion network is not engaged across paradigms, but that the specific neural regions activated during emotional processing can vary significantly with the context of the emotional induction.
The Role of Reason for Firearm Ownership in Beliefs about Firearms and Suicide, Openness to Means Safety, and Current Firearm Storage
Authors: Butterworth Sarah E. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveFirearm means safety strategies, such as safe storage, are effective in reducing suicide rates but are not widely implemented in the United States. This study examined the association between reason for firearm ownership, beliefs about firearm ownership and storage and suicide risk, willingness to engage in means safety, and current firearm storage practices.MethodA sample of 300 American firearm owners (53.0% male; 82.3% White; Mage = 36.11, age range = 20–69) completed an online survey via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (mTurk) program.ResultsFirearm owners who own a firearm for protection, compared to owning a firearm for other reasons, (1) endorsed decreased belief in the relationship between firearm ownership and storage and suicide risk, (2) were less willing to engage in the means safety measures of storing firearms safely and allowing a trusted individual to temporarily remove firearms from the home, and (3) were more likely to store their firearms loaded.ConclusionsReason for firearm ownership influences views regarding firearms and suicide, willingness to engage in firearm means safety, and firearm storage practices. It is essential to understand how differences in reason for firearm ownership impact these outcomes so appropriate, efficacious messaging can be developed and implemented.
Molecular and histological studies of bladder wound healing in a rodent model
Authors: Chamorro Clara I. , Reinfeldt Engberg Gisela , Fossum Magdalena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe field of regenerative medicine encounters different challenges. The success of tissue‐engineered implants is dependent on proper wound healing. Today, the process of normal urinary bladder wound healing is poorly characterized. We aspired to explore and elucidate the natural response to injury in an in vivo model in order to further optimize tissue regeneration in future studies. In this study, we aimed to characterize histological and molecular changes during normal healing in a rat model by performing a standardized incisional wound followed by surgical closure. We used a rodent model (n = 40) to follow the healing process in the urinary bladder for 28 days. Surgical exposure of the bladder without incision (n = 40) was performed in controls. Histological characterization and western blot analyses of proteins was carried out using specific staining and markers for inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue maturation. For the molecular characterization of gene expression total RNA was collected for RT2‐PCR in wound healing pathway arrays. Analysis of histology revealed distinct, but overlapping, phases of healing with a local inflammatory response (days 1‐8) simultaneous with a rapid formation of granulation tissue and proliferation (days 2‐8). We also identified significant changes in gene expression related to inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Healing of an incisional wound in a rodent urinary bladder demonstrated that all the classical phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation followed by tissue maturation were present. Our data suggest that the bladder and the skin share similar molecular signaling during wound healing, although we noted differences in the duration of each phase compared to previous studies in rat skin. Further studies will address whether our findings can be extrapolated to the human bladder.
Guiding synaptic plasticity: Novel roles for netrin‐1 in synaptic plasticity and memory formation in the adult brain
Authors: Glasgow Stephen D. , Ruthazer Edward S. , Kennedy Timothy E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdult neural plasticity engages mechanisms that change synapse structure and function, yet many of the underlying events bear a striking similarity to processes that occur during the initial establishment of neural circuits during development. It is a long‐standing hypothesis that the molecular mechanisms critical for neural development may also regulate synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory in adults. Netrins were initially described as chemoattractant guidance cues that direct cell and axon migration during embryonic development, yet they continue to be expressed by neurons in the adult brain. Recent findings have identified roles for netrin‐1 in synaptogenesis during postnatal maturation, and in synaptic plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, regulating AMPA glutamate receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses. These findings provide an example of a conserved developmental guidance cue that is expressed by neurons in the adult brain and functions as a key regulator of activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Notably, in humans, genetic polymorphisms in netrin‐1 and its receptors have been linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms associated with the synaptic function of netrin‐1 therefore present new therapeutic targets for neuropathologies associated with memory dysfunction. Here, we summarize recent findings that link netrin‐1 signalling to synaptic plasticity, and discuss the implications of these discoveries for the neurobiological basis of memory consolidation.
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Improved neural control of body temperature following heat acclimation in humans
Authors: Barry Hadiatou , Chaseling Georgia K , Moreault Samuel , Sauvageau Claudia , Behzadi Parya , Gravel Hugo , Ravanelli Nicholas , Gagnon Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Key points
With the advent of more frequent extreme heat events, adaptability to hot environments will be crucial for the survival of many species, including humans. However, the mechanisms that mediate human heat adaptation have remained elusive.
We tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation improves the neural control of body temperature. Skin sympathetic nerve activity, comprising the efferent neural signal that activates heat loss thermoeffectors, was measured in healthy adults exposed to passive heat stress before and after a 7 day heat acclimation protocol.
Heat acclimation reduced the activation threshold for skin sympathetic nerve activity, leading to an earlier activation of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweat production. These findings demonstrate that heat acclimation improves the neural control of body temperature in humans.
AbstractHeat acclimation improves autonomic temperature regulation in humans. However, the mechanisms that mediate human heat adaptation remain poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation improves the neural control of body temperature. Body temperatures, skin sympathetic nerve activity, cutaneous vasodilatation, and sweat production were measured in 14 healthy adults (nine men and five women, aged 27 ± 5 years) during passive heat stress performed before and after a 7 day heat acclimation protocol. Heat acclimation increased whole‐body sweat rate [+0.54 L h–1 (0.32, 0.75), P < 0.01] and reduced resting core temperature [–0.29°C (–0.40, –0.18), P < 0.01]. During passive heat stress, the change in mean body temperature required to activate skin sympathetic nerve activity was reduced [–0.21°C (–0.34, –0.08), P < 0.01] following heat acclimation. The earlier activation of skin sympathetic nerve activity resulted in lower activation thresholds for cutaneous vasodilatation [–0.18°C (–0.35, –0.01), P = 0.04] and local sweat rate [–0.13°C (–0.24, –0.01), P = 0.03]. These results demonstrate that heat acclimation leads to an earlier activation of the neural efferent outflow that activates the heat loss thermoeffectors of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating.
Arrhythmia mutations in calmodulin can disrupt cooperativity of Ca2+ binding and cause misfolding
Authors: Wang Kaiqian , Brohus Malene , Holt Christian , Overgaard Michael Toft , Wimmer Reinhard , Van Petegem Filip 
Published: February 2020

Key points
Mutations in the calmodulin protein (CaM) are associated with arrhythmia syndromes.
This study focuses on understanding the structural characteristics of CaM disease mutants and their interactions with the voltage‐gated calcium channel CaV1.2.
Arrhythmia mutations in CaM can lead to loss of Ca2+ binding, uncoupling of Ca2+ binding cooperativity, misfolding of the EF‐hands and altered affinity for the calcium channel.
These results help us to understand how different CaM mutants have distinct effects on structure and interactions with protein targets to cause disease.
AbstractCalmodulinopathies are life‐threatening arrhythmia syndromes that arise from mutations in calmodulin (CaM), a calcium sensing protein whose sequence is completely conserved across all vertebrates. These mutations have been shown to interfere with the function of cardiac ion channels, including the voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 and the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), in a mutation‐specific manner. The ability of different CaM disease mutations to discriminate between these channels has been enigmatic. We present crystal structures of several C‐terminal lobe mutants and an N‐terminal lobe mutant in complex with the CaV1.2 IQ domain, in conjunction with binding assays and complementary structural biology techniques. One mutation (D130G) causes a pathological conformation, with complete separation of EF‐hands within the C‐lobe and loss of Ca2+ binding in EF‐hand 4. Another variant (Q136P) has severely reduced affinity for the IQ domain, and shows changes in the CD spectra under Ca2+‐saturating conditions when unbound to the IQ domain. Ca2+ binding to a pair of EF‐hands normally proceeds with very high cooperativity, but we found that N98S CaM can adopt different conformations with either one or two Ca2+ ions bound to the C‐lobe, possibly disrupting the cooperativity. An N‐lobe variant (N54I), which causes severe stress‐induced arrhythmia, does not show any major changes in complex with the IQ domain, providing a structural basis for why this mutant does not affect function of CaV1.2. These findings show that different CaM mutants have distinct effects on both the CaM structure and interactions with protein targets, and act via distinct pathological mechanisms to cause disease.
Laringoplastia de relajación o tiroplastia de tipo III
Authors: Jiménez Luis Humberto , Barreto Tatiana 
Published: February 2020

La tiroplastia de relajación está indicada en pacientes con alteraciones de la muda vocal (cambio de voz en la pubertad) resistentes al tratamiento con fonoterapia. El acortamiento de los pliegues vocales tiene como objetivo reducir la frecuencia de vibración, con lo cual el tono adquiere un carácter masculino.Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino con puberfonía que alteraba su calidad de vida. Se revisan la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados.