bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISPARITIES IN DEPRESSION AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Hao Zhichao , Li qingyi , Ruggiano Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Depression has become one of the major health issues among older adults. In turn, various factors can facilitate or impede the occurrence of depression, socially, economically and culturally. Around 2050, China will have 487 million older adults or nearly 35 percent of the total population. Due to the different background of society, economy and culture, what explanations and knowledge can China provide based on present experiences and practices to help better understand depression among older adults from more comprehensive way? This study was conducted on the latest wave (2011-2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS, 1998-2014). The sample included 7,107 Chinese older adults age from 65 to 117 years in China. A binomial hierarchical logistic regression was performed to examine the likelihood of having depression among older adults predicted by geographic characteristics, quality of life, chronic diseases, personal community services, social community services, and demographic variables including gender, age, and current marital status. Analysis indicated that approximately 10% of Chinese older adults in the sample reported depression. Compared to female and young-old adults (age 65-74), males (OR=.636, p&lt;.001) and oldest-old adults (age 95+) (OR=.822, p&lt;.001) were less likely to have depression. Older adults who lived in rural areas (OR=.681, p&lt;.001) showed less likelihood of having depression. Older adults who had better life quality (OR=.553, p&lt;.001) revealed less likely to have depression. Having social services in the community (OR=.908, p&lt;.05) significantly lowered the likelihood of having depression among Chinese older adults. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOME HEALTH SERVICE USE AND FACILITY ADMISSION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DEMENTIA
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Caprio Thomas V , Simning Adam , Shang jingjing , Conwell Yeates , Yu Fang , Li Yue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study is a secondary analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and administrative billing records of 6,153 adults ≥ 65 years old who received home health (HH) from a not-for-profit HH agency in upstate New York in CY 2017. We evaluated the association between the use of home health services (HH) with the hazard of unplanned facility admissions among Medicare patients with and without Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Outcome was time from HH start of care to an unplanned facility admission of any type, including the hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facility. Independent variables included weekly intensity (visits/week, hours/week) of each discipline, including skilled nursing (SN), physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), social work (SW), and home health aide (HA), separately. ADRD was identified by diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) and cognitive impairment (M1700, M1710, M1740 [OASIS]). In multivariable Cox Proportional hazard models that adjusted for time-varying effects of HH intensity, receiving the highest intensity of SN (3.3 visits of 2.78 hours per week) and PT (2.5 visits of 2 hours per week) was related to up to a 54% and 86% decrease, respectively, in the hazard of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD (n=1,525), and decreases of 56% and 90% respectively among patients without ADRD (n=4,628). This is the first study in the United States showing that receiving a sufficient amount and appropriate mix of HH services was associated with substantially reduced risk of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD by up to 86%.
PERCEPTIONS, ACCEPTABILITY, EXPECTATIONS, AND CONCERNS OF SMART HOME TECHNOLOGIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Guan Amy , Dannewitz Hannah C , Stratton Lauren , Margrett Jennifer , Boot Walter R , Charness Neil H , Narasimhan Balaji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Optimal aging in place has become a common preference among older adults to maintain identity and independence, thus smart home technologies are increasingly utilized to achieve these goals. However, disconnect may exist between potential technological benefit and perceptions of acceptability and usability (Lee & Coughlin, 2015). We assessed perceptions of adults aged 50+ (range 50-90 years) to analyze their priorities and ultimate acceptability of smart home technology. Data were collected through surveys, focus groups, and case study interviews. Three major themes emerged regarding smart home utilization: benefits, concerns, and expectations. Participants endorsed smart home technologies (e.g., sensors, telehealth devices) and identified benefits, such as the promotion of optimal aging (e.g., maintaining independence, staying active, safety). However, responses also reflected concerns about privacy, ease of use, and amount of control. Expectations regarding smart homes included more mobility, efficiency, and safety within the home. One participant described technology as having “options [that] are exhausting, but also exciting.” Survey responses (n=30) were analyzed to understand participants’ familiarity with smart home technologies, including: nanotechnology (10.7%), smart showers (42.9%), home sensors (70.4%), telehealth (74.1%), smart appliances (71.4%), personal sensors (81.5%), and voice-activated devices (96.4%). Additionally, respondents indicated their willingness to implement these technologies to maintain and/or improve their daily functioning: nanotechnology (53.8%), smart showers (28.6%), home sensors (66.6%), telehealth (81.5%), smart appliances (40.0%), personal sensors (55.5%), voice-activated devices (64.3%). Discussion focuses on the priorities and needs older adults express regarding technology utilization and the implications for person-centered design and implementation of future smart home technologies.
VALIDATING THE CARE PREFERENCE ASSESSMENT OF SATISFACTION TOOL TO MEASURE QUALITY OF CARE IN NURSING HOMES
Authors: Madrigal Caroline , VanHaitsma Kimberly , Mogle Jacqueline , Fick Donna , Scanlon Dennis , Abbott Katherine M , Behrens Liza 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim calls for measures of the ‘patient care experience’ to understand and improve the quality of care delivery. But, quality measures in the nursing home (NH) historically lack the resident perspective. Measuring whether residents are satisfied with the fulfillment of their care preferences using the Care Preference Assessment of Satisfaction Tool (ComPASS) has been encouraged nationally by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS); however, the ComPASS has not been validated as a measure of the resident care experience. The purpose of this study was to compare ComPASS to the Ohio NH Resident Satisfaction Survey (a widely accepted quality measure for reimbursement). We examined 196 resident responses from 28 NHs in Pennsylvania using multilevel modeling to account for dependencies in the data (residents in the same NH may respond similarly compared to residents from different NHs). Residents were 81.2 years old (SD= 11.1), female (70.4%), and white (80.1%). Residents with higher scores on the ComPASS reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with care (B=2.94, SE B=0.59, p&lt;0.000). Results from this study support the potential use of ComPASS to measure, track, and improve the quality of NH care. Using ComPASS aligns with CMS’s Section F of the Minimum Dataset, an assessment of residents’ preferences which promotes the delivery of more person-centered care. Ultimately, ComPASS can help benchmark the quality of the resident care experience across facilities which aids staff, facilities, policy-makers, and NH-shoppers in improving decision-making and care delivery.
YES, CHANGING HOW YOU TEACH DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Authors: Duthie Edmund H , Denson Kathryn , Simpson Deborah , Denson Steven , Szymkowski Amanda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Perceptions of an educational experience’s value impact learning. “Hands-on” activities promote deeper learning and retention. Educators may jettison more poorly rated sessions, not having time for perceived content revisions based on evaluation data. We sought to determine if simply changing the sequence of a session’s activities, using the same content, improved learner evaluations. Using a session focused on application of resources for dementia patient caregivers, we provided two versions of the same content to 2 groups of clinicians. In session version #1 (V1), participants were asked about caregiver stresses and barriers and then viewed two video triggers of a dementia patient and a stressed family caregiver. Participants then identified the caregiver’s struggles and recommended resources. At the session’s end they were provided with a Geriatric Fast Fact (GFF) (www.geriatricfastfacts.com) that hyperlinked to a variety of evidence-based resources by topic. In session version #2 (V2), only the content was flipped. The GFF was presented prior to the video, with clinicians were then tasked to identify best resources using the GFF. The V2 cohort rated the session higher than V1 cohort on a 4-point scale (1= Excellent, 4= Poor). Overall quality of learning plan (V1 =1.4 ; V2 =1.3); Would you recommend the session to peers (V1 = 1.5; and V2 =1.2) and Overall course evaluation (V1 = 1.5; V2. = 1.4) all improved. Using learner evaluations to revise the sequence of the same content was an effective educational strategy. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater!
ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF SOCIAL SECURITY RETIREMENT BENEFITS ACROSS RACE-ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND AGE OF RETIREMENT
Authors: Kim Jin H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research assessed the adequacy of Social Security retirement benefits across race-ethnicity, gender, and age of retirement, and in turn, whether the differing levels of benefit adequacy have any relation to mortality risk. Prior studies generally find that a replacement rate of between 70 to 80 percent of prior earnings would likely allow a worker to maintain his or her standard of living in retirement since various work-related expenses are reduced or eliminated at the point of transition. As such, the current study used panel data from the 1996 - 2016 waves of the Rand version of the Health and Retirement Study to 1) determine earnings replacement rates for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic males and females in the first period of retirement, and 2) to examine whether earnings replacement rates are associated with mortality risk in a Cox regression model. The findings revealed that for those retiring at age 65 or later, Hispanic females and White males had the lowest earnings replacement rates at 39.3% and 40.7%, respectively. For those retiring before age 65, Hispanic males and White males had the lowest earnings replacement rates at 30.3% and 26.7%. Although replacement rates should indeed be lower for high earners due to Social Security’s progressive benefit formula, the low replacement rates determined for Hispanic males and females were unexpected. Moreover, mortality risk was found to be significantly associated with earnings replacement rates in the final model, but the combination of race-ethnicity and gender still showed a stronger relation.
HAND2 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ENHANCES NMJ ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION IN OLD MICE
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Carolina Zaia , Bonilla Henry J , Messi Maria Laura , Wang Zhong-Min , Freeman Willard M , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Over time, declining muscle force and power leads to mobility disability and impaired quality of life. In aging rodents and humans, a denervation and reinnervation process is strongly implicated in sarcopenia: the progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, composition, and function. We propose that the concomitant decline in expression of Hand2, a key transcription factor (TF) for sympathetic neuron maintenance, induces motor pre- and postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) instability and disorganization. To counter the deleterious effect of sympathetic denervation, we developed a novel viral vector (AAV9-Hand2-eGFP, Hand2) carrying Hand2 expression exclusively to sympathetic neurons. Male and female, 16-month-old mice, were examined for signs of muscle denervation and sarcopenia 6 months after IV injection with either Hand2 or control empty virus (AAV9-eGFP, EV). We found that Hand2 increased preterminal synaptic vesicle release, neurofilament phosphorylation (Neurite length: Hand2: 3732±496 µm, EV: 2674±165 µm; P &lt;0.01), NMJ pre/postterminal co-localization, hindlimb muscle mass (EDL: 25%, soleus: 14%, tibialis anterior: 17% and gastrocnemius: 25%; n = 6-8 muscles per treatment group; P &lt; 0.01), myofiber cross-sectional area, and protein kinase-A RIIα/RIα ratio (EV, RIIα:1.05±0.03, RIα:0.93±0.04, ratio: 1.13; Hand2, RIIα:1.81±0.03, RIα:0.94±0.03, ratio: 1.94; P&lt;0.001) which contributes to stability of the NMJ. We also examined Hand2 gene methylation, and RNA-sequencing, muscle metabolomics, and whole body and muscle function with aging in EV and Hand2 injected mice. Our data indicate that expression of Hand2 significantly enhances skeletal muscle adrenergic receptor signaling through the canonical pathway, and prevents in NMJ transmission, and muscle mass and function decline with aging.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE AGE, CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS.
Authors: Morris Emily P , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prior longitudinal research suggests that younger subjective age (i.e., feeling younger than your chronological age) predicts better subsequent cognitive functioning and lower dementia incidence independent of chronological age. However, no research has investigated interactions between subjective age and chronological age. This study examined whether older adults with more youthful subjective age performed better on cognitive evaluations than those with older subjective age and whether associations differed as a function of chronological age. Data from 1,047 older adults aged 65 and older from the Health and Retirement Study’s 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Aging Project were analyzed. Separate linear regressions estimated associations between subjective age and factor scores corresponding to five cognitive domains: executive function, episodic memory, language, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and chronic disease burden. Interaction terms tested whether chronological age modified associations between subjective age and cognition. In the whole sample, younger subjective age was associated with better language. Significant interactions for all five domains revealed that associations were stronger and statistically significant for participants at the oldest chronological ages. The predictive value of subjective age may be highest among the oldest adults. These cross-sectional findings suggest that the oldest adults are most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of feeling older than one’s chronological age, cognitive difficulties are more relevant for subjective age perceptions for the oldest adults, and/or subjective age better reflects consequential physiological deterioration in that group. Future longitudinal research is needed to elucidate these possibilities.
DETECTING PRE-FRAILTY STATUS: COMPARISON OF CLINICAL JUDGMENTS AND THE PAULSON LICHTENBERG FRAILTY INDEX.
Authors: Hu Yi-Ling , Fritz Heather A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nearly 50% of U.S. elders are prefrail and at risk for frailty. Identifying prefrail elders and escalating care could attenuate frailty progression. Screening tools are seldom used in practice. Thus, clinical judgment may be a realistic way to ensure widespread frailty screening. No studies, however, have assessed the validity of clinicians’ judgment in identifying prefrail elders. This study explored the level of agreement between clinical judgments of frailty status and status categorizations made using the validated Paulson Lichtenberg Frailty Index (PLFI). Older Blacks (n = 202) recruited from a primary care clinic were first categorized as healthy, pre-frail, or frail using the PLFI. Next, geriatric physicians and nurses categorized participants into one of the same categories based on clinical judgment. Clinicians could use medical records to make determinations. We used Cohen’s Kappa to determine the level of agreement of both approaches. We used descriptive statistics to explore if any of the 5 PLFI indicators explained discordant categorizations. Of the 202 participants (mean age: 76.7 8.6), 52 (26%) were prefrail and 57 (28%) were frail based on the PLFI. Physicians’ judgments aligned with the PLFI in 43% of prefrail and 65.7% of frail cases. Nurse judgments aligned with the PLFI in 43.9% of prefrail and 17% of frail cases. There was slight to fair agreement between clinical judgments and PLFI (physicians Cohen’s κ = .23; Nurses Cohen’s κ = .59). No specific PLFI indicators independently explained discordant categorizations. Findings suggest that clinical judgments did not align well with PLFI categorizations.
SARCOPENIA ACCORDING TO BRAZILIAN AND EWGSOP 2 CUTOFFS: DATA FROM SARCOS
Authors: Menezes Julia M , Paes Angela T , Frisoli Alberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cutoff values for lean mass and muscle strength are still controversial in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The use of European, American and Asian consensus outside these regions may lead to important diagnostic errors. We hypothesized that there are significant differences between the cutoff points from Brazil and Europe in older people. This is a cross-sectional analyses of 502 older adults from SARCOS study, conducted at São Paulo - Brazil. All subjects underwent DXA analyses of total body. Lean mass was obtained from appendicular lean mass by height2 and muscle strength by dynamometer of dominant hand. The Brazilian cutoff points were based on 25th percentile by gender. The European ones were from EWGSOP 2. Agreement was assessed by the Kappa coefficient. The mean age was 78.39 ± 7.08 years old and 277 (55.18%) individuals were women. Among the ethnic groups, 339 (67.53%) were caucasian, 145 (28.88%) afrodescendants and 18 (3.59%) asians. The Brazilian cutoffs for muscle strength were 26 kg for men and 16 kg for women (equivalent to EWGSOP2); while those for lean mass were significantly lower, 6.56 kg/m2 vs. 5.56 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence by EWGSOP 2 was higher than that obtained by the Brazilian cutoff points (20.32% vs 14.14%, p &lt;0.001), even though these criteria presented Kappa = 0.792; p &lt;0.001. Considering these disparities, 6 out of 100 subjects are considered sarcopenic by European criteria and not by the Brazilian cutoffs. There are significant differences in sarcopenia cutoffs between Brazil and Europe, and this cause important diagnostic variations.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND MOMENTARY AFFECT IN OLDEST-OLD ADULTHOOD
Authors: Windsor Tim D , Curtis Rachel G , Hoppmann Christiane A , Luszcz Mary A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Participation in meaningful activities may be particularly important for late life well-being. We examined associations of moment to moment variability in meaningful activity engagement with positive and negative affect in the daily lives of oldest-old adults. Moderating effects of conscientiousness on meaning-affect associations were also examined considering recent theorising that late life declines in conscientiousness could reflect adaptive self-regulatory processes. Participants were 73 adults aged 84 and above from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging Daily Life Time-Sampling (ADuLTS) study, who provided self-report data on activity engagement (including ratings of meaning and degree of challenge associated with activities) and affect on five occasions per day over seven days. Within-person variability in meaningful activity engagement was associated with positive and negative affect; however, these associations were conditional upon the extent to which activities were rated as challenging. Specifically, positive affect tended to be lower on occasions when activities were rated as less meaningful, but also more challenging. Similarly, negative affect was rated as lower on occasions when activities were regarded as more meaningful, and at the same time less challenging. Participants who were higher in conscientiousness reported higher overall positive affect, and associations of higher conscientiousness with lower momentary negative affect were evident on occasions when activities were rated as more challenging. Engagement in meaningful activity is associated with higher positive, and lower negative affect in late life, with these associations dependent on the extent to which activities are challenging. Findings are discussed in the context of self-regulatory perspectives on adaptation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Sinwoo Hwang , Cho Eunhee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors predicting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD) in older adults with Dementia. This is a cross-sectional study, recruiting 157 participants from neurology general hospital as study subjects. Data collection was performed from June 2018 to May 2019. BPSD were classified using a modified version of the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory(CMAI), which are physically non-aggressive behaviors(PNAB), physically aggressive behaviors(PGAB), verbally non-aggressive behaviors(VNAB), verbally aggressive behaviors(VAGB). The Cornell scale for depression in dementia(CSDD), korea activity of daily living scale(K-ADL), korean mini-mental state examination(K-MMSE), activity and sleep time through using actigraphy for 2weeks, salivary melatonin and cortisol level at 4 times a day done after waking up, after breakfast, before and after dinner, and medication were measured as influencing factors. The generalized linear mixed model analyses indicated that VNAB and VAGB were associated with severe depression(p&lt;0.01, respectively), low melatonin level at the after waking up (p&lt;0.05, respectively), and high melatonin level before dinner(p&lt;0.05, respectively). On the PNAB and PGAB, severe depression(p&lt;0.05, respectively) and high activity(p&lt;0.05, respectively) showed great influences. These findings suggest that developing of intervention of BPSD must be started with detecting depression, ADL. Considering the factors of each type of symptom, tailoring an individual approach is recommended. In addition, this study identified that the activity through actigraphy and salivary melatonin measurement are useful tools to examine BPSD. It can be helpful in the objective evaluation of BPSD.