bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of hedonic shopping value on discounted product purchasing
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Sinan , Demirağ Bülent , Durmaz Yakup 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to determine the effects of hedonic shopping value on discounted product purchasing intention.

Design Methodology Approach
The population of the research consists of consumers who have wanted to benefit from “Magnificent Friday” campaigns or similar campaigns of big shopping malls in Gaziantep between the November 15, 2019 and the December 31, 2019. Out of non-probability sampling methods, convenience sampling method was used in this research. Sample number was determined as 425. To test the hypotheses, Smart partial least squares 3 statistics program was used, and the evaluation of the hypotheses was conducted by using the bootstrapping technique.

Findings
Analyses show that innovation (β = 0.150, p < 0.001), entertainment (β = 0.192, p < 0.001), praise from others (β = 0.234, p < 0.001), escaping reality (β = 0.274, p < 0.001) and social interaction (β = 0.183, p < 0.001) dimensions of hedonic shopping value positively affect discounted product purchasing intention. Accordingly, H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 were accepted.

Research Limitations Implications
Because the research has time, cost, accessibility and control limitations, the whole population was not reached. The research was only carried out on the data collected from 425 consumers in Gaziantep who benefited from or want to benefit from Magnificent Friday campaign or similar campaigns.

Practical Implications
During discount season when shopping activities are more intense, consumers tend to focus more on the entertainment value and suitability. Because consumers see these seasons as seasons to buy gifts, their interests in and purchasing intention toward products and shops increase. During discount seasons such as Magnificent Friday or New Year’s, businesses may take advantage of consumers who have a tendency for hedonic shopping.

Originality Value
This research studied the effect of hedonic shopping value on purchasing intention and contributed to the literature in this aspect. There have been no studies in national literature hat studied hedonic shopping with such an extent, and there have also been no studies focusing on Magnificent Friday campaigns. For this reason, this research is original in these aspects and thought to contribute to the literature.
Inhibition of JC polyomavirus infectivity by the retrograde transport inhibitor Retro‐2.1
Authors: Treasure Tashania , Nelson Christian D. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a common human pathogen that results in a chronic asymptomatic infection in healthy adults. Under conditions of immunosuppression, JCPyV spreads to the central nervous system and can cause the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease for which there are no vaccines or antiviral therapies. Retro‐2 is a previously identified small molecule inhibitor that was originally shown to block retrograde transport of toxins such as ricin toxin from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Retro‐2.1 is a chemical analog of Retro‐2 that has been shown to inhibit ricin intoxication of cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Retro‐2 has previously been shown to prevent retrograde transport of JCPyV virions to the ER, but the effect of Retro‐2.1 on JCPyV infectivity is unknown. Here it is shown that Retro‐2.1 inhibits JCPyV with an EC50 of 3.9 μM. This molecule inhibits JCPyV infection at dosages that are not toxic to human tissue culture cells. Retro‐2.1 was also tested against two other polyomaviruses, the human BK polyomavirus and simian virus 40, and was also shown to inhibit infection at similar concentrations. Viral uncoating studies demonstrate that Retro‐2.1 inhibits BKPyV infectivity in a manner similar to Retro‐2. These studies demonstrate that improved analogs of Retro‐2 can inhibit infection at lower dosages than Retro‐2 and further optimization of these compounds may lead to effective treatment options for those suffering from JCPyV infection and PML.
A test of the Niche Variation Hypothesis in a ruminant herbivore
Authors: Jesmer Brett R. , Kauffman Matthew J. , Murphy Melanie A. , Goheen Jacob R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Despite the shared prediction that the width of a population's dietary niche expands as food becomes limiting, the Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) and Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) offer contrasting views about how individuals alter diet selection when food is limited.

Classical OFT predicts that dietary preferences do not change as food becomes limiting, so individuals expand their diets as they compensate for a lack of preferred foods. In contrast, the NVH predicts that among‐individual variation in cognition, physiology or morphology create functional trade‐offs in foraging efficiency, thereby causing individuals to specialize on different subsets of food as food becomes limiting.

To evaluate (a) the predictions of the NVH and OFT and (b) evidence for physiological and cognitive‐based functional trade‐offs, we used DNA microsatellites and metabarcoding to quantify the diet, microbiome and genetic relatedness (a proxy for social learning) of 218 moose Alces alces across six populations that varied in their degree of food limitation.

Consistent with both the NVH and OFT, dietary niche breadth increased with food limitation. Increased diet breadth of individuals—rather than increased diet specialization—was strongly correlated with both food limitation and dietary niche breadth of populations, indicating that moose foraged in accordance with OFT. Diets were not constrained by inheritance of the microbiome or inheritance of diet selection, offering support for the little‐tested hypothesis that functional trade‐offs in food use (or lack thereof) determine whether populations adhere to the predictions of the NVH or OFT.

Our results indicate that both the absence of strong functional trade‐offs and the digestive physiology of ruminants provide contexts under which populations should forage in accordance with OFT rather than the NVH. Also, because dietary niche width increased with increased food limitation, OFT and the NVH provide theoretical support for the notion that plant–herbivore interaction networks are plastic rather than static, which has important implications for understanding interspecific niche partitioning. Lastly, because population‐level dietary niche breadth and calf recruitment are correlated, and because calf recruitment can be a proxy for food limitation, our work demonstrates how diet data can be employed to understand a populations' proximity to carrying capacity.
Relative importance of soil microbes and litter quality on decomposition and nitrogen cycling in grasslands
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Zabed , Sugiyama Shu‐ichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobial decomposers absorb nitrogen (N) to sustain growth during litter decomposition releasing surplus N into the soil. The balance between N release (mineralization) and absorption (immobilization) can alter nutrient cycling based mostly on the functional diversity in microbial communities. We examined the effects of soil microbes and litter quality on N cycling in an artificial grassland and two seminatural grasslands through a microcosm study. The artificial grassland soil had a higher respiration rate and a lower N mineralization rate, irrespective of the litter identity during incubation, when compared with the seminatural grassland soil. The release of mineralized nitrogen from litter was small for the artificial grassland because the soil microbes absorbed most of the mineralized N during decomposition. The artificial grassland soil had a low fungi:bacteria ratio (i.e., a high abundance of bacteria) and showed a clear separation of bacterial and fungal communities from the seminatural grassland soil. Our results suggested that stoichiometric constraint, not the biomass turnover rate, of microbial decomposers plays a key role in N cycling between aboveground and belowground communities in grasslands.
Duration of estrogen exposure during reproductive years, age at menarche and age at menopause, and risk of cardiovascular disease events, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mishra SR , Chung H‐F , Waller M , Mishra GD 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the estrogen exposure measurement and mutual effect of age at menarche and age at menopause in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.ObjectivesTo evaluate estrogen exposure measurement and describe mutual effect of age at menarche and age at menopause in the risk of CVD events.Search strategySystematic review of literature in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies published up to 28 June 2020.Selection criteriaObservational studies related to estrogen exposure measurement, including mutual effect of age at menarche and age at menopause and risk of CVD events.Data collection and analysisSynthesis of evidence was conducted by reviewing individual estimates, followed by meta‐analysis. The study received no external funding.Main resultsA total of 75 studies were included in synthesis of evidence, of which 17 studies were included in meta‐analysis. Reproductive lifespan (age at menopause – age at menarche), endogenous estrogen exposure and total estrogen exposure were used for estrogen exposure measurement. Reproductive lifespan was by far the most commonly used method for estrogen exposure measurement. A shorter reproductive lifespan was associated with a higher risk of CVD events; the pooled relative risk (95% CI) was 1.31 (1.25–1.36) for stroke events. Robust epidemiological studies with measurement of estrogen exposure and associated health risk would strengthen the evidence.ConclusionsReproductive lifespan was the most commonly used method for estrogen exposure measurement in epidemiological studies. A shorter reproductive lifespan was associated with a higher risk of CVD events, particularly stroke.Tweetable abstractA systematic review and meta‐analysis found that women with a shorter reproductive lifespan have a higher risk of stroke events.
Forensic Footwear Reliability: Part III—Positive Predictive Value, Error Rates, and Inter‐Rater Reliability*
Authors: Richetelli Nicole , Hammer Lesley , Speir Jacqueline A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the course of 19 months, West Virginia University collected reports from 70 footwear experts, each performing 12 questioned‐test comparisons, resulting in a dataset that includes more than 1000 examiner attributes (education, training, certification status, etc.), 3500 impression features identified and evaluated (clarity, totality, and similarity), and 840 source conclusions. The results were used to estimate the performance of forensic footwear examiners in the United States, including error rates, predictive value (PV), and measures of inter‐rater reliability (IRR). For the dataset and mate‐prevalence (31.5%) used in this study, results indicate correct predictive value varies from 94.5% for exclusions, 85.0% for identifications, and between 70.1% and 65.2% for limited associations and association of class, respectively (with all other conclusions producing PVs between these extremes). After data transformation based on ground truth, the case study materials show a false‐positive rate of 0.48%, a false‐negative rate of 15.6%, a (correct) positive predictive value of 98.8%, and a (correct) negative predictive value of 93.3%. In addition to error rates and PVs, inter‐rater reliability was likewise computed to describe examiner reproducibility; results indicate a Gwet AC2 agreement coefficient of 0.751–0.692 when using a six‐ and four‐level reporting structure, respectively, which translates into “substantial” and “moderate agreement” for a benchmarked verbal equivalent scale. The reported performance metrics are further compared against past forensic footwear reliability studies, including a discussion of how the use of a six‐level reporting structure impacts results.
Human activities and elevational constraints restrict ranging patterns of snub‐nosed monkeys in a mountainous refuge
Authors: HUANG Pengzhen , BIAN Kun , HUANG Zhipang , Li Qi , DUNN Derek W. , FANG Gu , LIU Jiahui , WANG Mengyao , YANG Xianfeng , PAN Ruliang , GAO Cunlao , SI Kaichuang , LI Baoguo , QI Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth natural conditions and anthropogenic factors affect the survivability, distribution, and population density of wildlife. To understand the extent and how these factors drive species distributions, a detailed description of animal movement patterns in natural habitats is needed. In this study, we used satellite telemetry to monitor elevational ranges favored by endangered golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), in the Qinling Mountains, central China. We investigated the abundance and distribution of food resources through sampling vegetation quadrats at different elevations and sampled anthropogenic activities using field surveys. Our results indicated that although there was no significant variation in food resources between low‐ (<1500 m) and middle‐elevations (1500–2200 m), monkeys were found most often in areas above 1500 m, where there was less anthropogenic development (e.g. houses and roads); however, monkeys rarely ranged above 2200 m and had limited food availability at this altitude. There was limited human disturbance at this elevation. We suggest that both human activity and ecological constraints (i.e. food resources) have considerable effects on elevational use of R. roxellana in the Qinling Mountains. This study highlights the critical roles these factors can play in shaping the vertical distribution of high‐altitude primates. This research provides useful insights for habitat‐based conservation plans in which human disturbance management and habitat restoration should be prioritized.
Characteristics of surgically resected non‐small cell lung cancer patients with post‐recurrence cure
Authors: Sonoda Dai , Matsuura Yosuke , Kondo Yasuto , Ichinose Junji , Nakao Masayuki , Ninomiya Hironori , Ishikawa Yuichi , Nishio Makoto , Okumura Sakae , Satoh Yukitoshi , Mun Mingyon 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe prognosis of postoperative recurrence in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. However, depending on the recurrence patterns and treatment options, some patients can achieve long‐term survival following recurrence. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC patients with curable disease who developed postoperative recurrence.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 535 patients who had developed recurrence from among 1760 consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent curative resection from 1990 to 2008.Post‐recurrence cure was defined as being cancer‐free for at least five years after treatment for recurrence in patients who had undergone radical local treatment or chemotherapy. The clinicopathological characteristics associated with post‐recurrence cure were analyzed.ResultsAmong 535 patients who developed recurrence, 24 (4.5%) achieved post‐recurrence cure. The median post‐recurrence follow‐up duration was 151 (85–275) months for those who achieved post‐recurrence cure. The solitary recurrent lesions and local treatment for the initial recurrence site were significantly more for patients who could be cured after they developed recurrence. All patients with post‐recurrence cure received only radical local treatment for the recurrent lesions.ConclusionsSome patients with solitary recurrent NSCLC lesions can be cured with only radical local treatment.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThe post‐recurrence cure patients maintained a cancer‐free status for five years after treatment for recurrence without a second recurrence. All patients with post‐recurrence cure received only radical local treatment for recurrence and had significantly higher number of solitary recurrent lesions.What this study addsSome patients with solitary recurrent NSCLC lesions after resection can be cured with only radical local treatment.
Street versus GAAP: Which Effective Tax Rate Is More Informative?*
Authors: Beardsley Erik L. , Mayberry Michael A. , McGuire Sean T. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how sophisticated market participants use tax‐based information by examining whether analysts' street effective tax rates (ETRs) are informative. When assessing firm performance, analysts exclude items they believe do not reflect current performance, resulting in “street” metrics such as street ETR. However, evidence on the properties of the components of street earnings is limited. Examining the informativeness of street ETRs is important because taxes are a significant component of earnings, and the extent to which analysts understand taxes and incorporate them into their analyses is not clear. Using a hand‐collected sample of analyst reports, we find that while approximately 35% of street ETRs have at least one tax‐specific exclusion, over 90% reflect the tax effects of pre‐tax exclusions. Further, both tax‐specific exclusions and the tax effects of pre‐tax exclusions significantly contribute to differences between GAAP and street ETRs. Consistent with analysts' understanding of the implications of tax and nontax exclusions, our results suggest that street tax metrics exhibit greater predictive ability about future tax outcomes and provide more information to investors than GAAP tax metrics. We also find that ETR exclusions are of higher quality when the magnitude of the potentially excluded item is greater and when managers disclose pro forma earnings. Collectively, our findings suggest that analysts understand taxes, but selectively exert effort to incorporate tax‐based information into their assessment of firm performance. Our study should be informative to regulators and users of financial information because it provides evidence regarding the usefulness of street earnings metrics.
Acetate‐ vs lactate‐buffered crystalloid solutions: Protocol for a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ellekjaer Karen Louise , Perner Anders , Sivapalan Praleene , Hylander Møller Morten 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBuffered crystalloid solutions are increasingly recommended as first‐line resuscitation fluids. However, guidelines do not distinguish between different types of buffered solutions. The aim of the outlined systematic review is to summarize and assess the effects of acetate‐ vs lactate‐buffered crystalloid solutions on patient‐important outcomes.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis comparing the use of acetate‐ vs lactate‐buffered crystalloid solutions in hospitalized patients. We will systematically search the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Epistemonikos for relevant literature. We will follow the recommendations set by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The risk of systematic errors (bias) and random errors will be assessed, and the overall quality of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.DiscussionThe outlined systematic review will provide important data on how patient‐important outcomes are affected by intravenous administration of acetate‐ vs lactate‐buffered crystalloid solutions in hospitalized patients.
Endodontic treatment of dentin dysplasia type I D
Authors: Buchanan Glynn Dale , Tredoux Sheree , Nel Chane , Gamieldien Mohamed Yasin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDentin dysplasia (DD) Type I is a developmental condition affecting dentin, inherited in an autosomal‐dominant pattern or occurring due to a new mutation. Whilst the crowns of DD Type I affected teeth appear clinically normal, the roots are blunt and shortened. Pulp necrosis and periapical pathoses may be seen in the absence of obvious causes. Pulp stones and calcifications are frequently encountered. Endodontic management of DD may be challenging. A case of DD Type I, sub‐classification d, in which spontaneous irreversible pulpitis developed on three mandibular incisors is documented. The case was managed by conventional endodontic treatment. Knowledge of this uncommon dental condition may assist dentists to adequately diagnose and manage these cases. Extraction should not be considered the first‐line treatment option when sufficient root length is available to attempt endodontic treatment. Referral for medical evaluation is recommended to rule out systemic diseases which may mimic this condition.
Milk exosomes: A biogenic nanocarrier for small molecules and macromolecules to combat cancer
Authors: Kandimalla Raghuram , Aqil Farrukh , Tyagi Neha , Gupta Ramesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExosomes are unique biogenic nanocarriers of endocytic origin that are generated from most of the cells and found in biofluids like milk, plasma, saliva, and urine. Bovine milk represents the largest and an economic source for the production of exosomes. In recent past, the utility of the milk exosomes as drug carriers is intensified. Exosomes are emerging for delivery of both small and large therapeutics due to their biocompatibility. In this article, we highlighted the various exosomal isolation techniques, physicochemical properties, their biodistribution, and utility of milk exosomes in delivering the small drug molecules and siRNA to combat cancer.
Phoresy in animals: review and synthesis of a common but understudied mode of dispersal
Authors: Bartlow Andrew W. , Agosta Salvatore J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTPhoresy is a type of interaction in which one species, the phoront, uses another species, the dispersal host, for transportation to new habitats or resources. Despite being a widespread behaviour, little is known about the ecology and evolution of phoresy. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review of phoretic dispersal in animals and to bring renewed attention to this subject. We surveyed literature published between 1900 and 2020 to understand the extent of known higher‐level taxonomic diversity (phyla, classes, and orders) and functional aspects of animals that use phoretic dispersal. Species dispersing phoretically have been observed in at least 13 animal phyla, 25 classes, and 60 orders. The majority of known phoronts are arthropods (Phylum Euarthropoda) in terrestrial habitats, but phoronts also occur in freshwater and marine environments. Marine phoronts may be severely under‐represented in the literature due to the relative difficulty of studying these systems. Phoronts are generally small with low mobility and use habitats or resources that are ephemeral and/or widely dispersed. Many phoronts are also parasites. In general, animals that engage in phoresy use a wide variety of morphological and behavioural traits for locating, attaching to, and detaching from dispersal hosts, but the exact mechanisms behind these activities are largely unknown. In addition to diversity, we discuss the evolution of phoresy including the long‐standing idea that it can be a precursor to parasitism and other forms of symbioses. Finally, we suggest several areas of future research to improve our understanding of phoresy and its ecological and evolutionary significance.