bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Power Data Management Based on Sovereign Blockchain Technology
Authors: Wang Huayun , Li Qiong , Huang Hong , Qu Haoyue , Wang Wenbing , Meng Tianqi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The development of smart grid technology has improved the way in which grid companies interact with power users, but there are data breaches when data falls into the hands of malicious attackers. This paper implements a multi-blockchain system based on sovereign blockchain technology for the main body of the power trading market, and designs the data transmission mechanism and system architecture. Through the power data classification index, the effective mining and utilization of intelligent power data is realized. Incorporating national sovereignty constraints into smart contracts ensures that smart grids provide a system of trusted, nationally compliant systems for power users’ electricity transactions. Finally, the advantages of the power data management scheme proposed in this paper are analysed by comparing with the traditional power data management methods.
PSO-based Siting and Sizing of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Authors: Chen Han , Nie Jin , Ye Bichao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the rapid growth of the number of electric vehicles, the optimization of charging network is imminent. In this paper, a screening method for the siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging station is developed to minimize the total cost including capital investment on stations, EV charging stations’ operation cost and maintenance cost. Driving distance of electric vehicles and service radius of stations are taken into account to pick out the optimal sites of EV charging stations. A mathematical model with electric physical constraints is designed to distribute appropriate capacities for each EV charging station to prevent the negative effects on the power grid and the PSO optimization algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal sizing parameters. Finally, the IEEE 123-bus test feeder case study is used to confirm the validity of the proposed method and increase the economic benefits.
An Improved Variable Step Size P&O MPPT Algorithm Based on Constant Voltage and K Division Technology
Authors: Peng ZHANG , Huibin SUI , Hongmei KONG 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the literature, various techniques have been proposed to achieve the maximum output power of photovoltaic cells, but the fixed step size perturbation and observation and incremental conductance algorithm can’t enhance effectively the peculiarity of the PV system, due to their slow tracking speed, big power loss and limited accuracy. An improved variable step size perturbation and observation MPPT algorithm based on the K division method is proposed. The symbol of dp/du before and after the disturbance is judged, if the two adjacent samples have the same symbol, the disturbance step size remains unchanged. On the contrary, the disturbance step size will be divided by K and become the new disturbance step size until achieving the maximum output power. The simulation establish on MATLAB/Simulink reveals that the method has fast response speed, high accuracy, low power loss, and can locate the new maximum power point quickly when environmental conditions change.
Two-stage Planning of Integrated Energy System Considering Investment Flexibility
Authors: Qiu Yue , Ying Xiaolei , Pei Chuanxun , Fang Yunhui , Yue Feng , Zhou Suyang , Gu Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Integrated Energy System (IES) can optimize the utilization of various forms of energy and effectively alleviate the problems of energy exhaustion and environmental pollution. A two-stage planning model of IES that considers the uncertainty of renewable energy and the flexibility of investment is proposed in this paper. The planning period is divided into two stages in terms of varying degrees of uncertainty based on Monte Carlo simulation. In terms of economic, technical, and environmental performance, the two-stage planning method is proved to be better than conventional single planning method. The proposed algorithm shows the superiority of multi-stage planning. In addition, it can be used for the planners to comprehensively analyze and compare the optimal decision-making schemes generated by different combinations of weight factors.
Experimental study of critical heat flux at flow boiling of R125 in small diameter channel
Authors: Zanosko A I , Dedov A V , Belyaev A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental setup and experimental data for critical heat flux at high reduced pressures. Studies on critical heat flux during the forced flow of Freon R125 in a vertical channel with a diameter of 0.95 mm and length of 100 mm were performed. The hydraulic loop of the setup provides stable flow conditions at the inlet of the test section under pressures up to 2.5 MPa and temperatures up to 200 °C. The measured parameters were the mass flow rate, pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the test section, the joule heating power and the wall temperature in the six cross-sections along the tube. An automated data-acquisition system was used during the experiments. A comparison between the experimental and calculated data is presented.
Influence of space plasma on the work of the liquid droplet radiator
Authors: Safronov A A , Filatov N I , Grigoryev A L , Bondareva N V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of the charging of the droplet flow, resulting from the interaction of dispersed particles with space plasma, on the work of low-potential liquid droplet radiator has been studied. The critical value of the particle charge at which the curvature of the particles trajectories is unacceptably large is determined. The dynamics of charged droplet flow is investigated; its vibration stability is analyzed. A model for the electrification of free-circulate droplet flow is proposed. The results of numerical calculations of the electrification and distribution of droplet flows are given.
Electrical conductivity of aqueous solution of KOH at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Kuznetsov K I , Skorodumov S V , Granchenko P P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Measurements of the electrical conductivity ratio of a 20% aqueous solution of KOH depending on temperature, intensity of electric field and frequency of changing direction of current are being studied. To ensure and conduct the measurements a conductivity meter was made with a current that changed the direction by means of a “meander” voltage. The measurement results of the study are processed in the form of analytical dependencies.
Experimental study of transient processes in a Glow Discharge
Authors: Yunusov R F , Garipov M M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article experimentally investigated the features of a glow discharge with a hollow cathode in a longitudinal air flow. The discharge chamber consisted of glass sections separated by copper plates serving as probes. The channel formed by such sections and probes had a cylindrical shape. Air flowed through the hollow cathode into the cylindrical channel. The anode served as a metal grid. Probes and electrodes were made of copper. The distance between the electrodes was 6.5 cm. The air pressure P, its speed V, the discharge current I and its voltage U changed respectively in the ranges: P = (6, 4 - 19) kPa, V = (0 - 10) m / c, I = (5-100) mA, U = (1, 0 - 2, 2, 0) kV. Volt-ampere characteristic had negative differential resistance. It was found that in the range of discharge currents I = (40-80) mA, the forward and reverse branches of the current-voltage characteristics do not match. When the current decreases (reverse branch), the discharge voltage rises sharply. This is due to the process of transition of a glow discharge into its non-stationary form, which was observed visually and was recorded photographically for all the characteristic modes of discharge. It was also shown that the flow of air allows a reverse transition to the usual form of discharge.
On accelerative mechanism of nuclear fusion in the Sun
Authors: Oreshko A G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An explanation of an existence of sunspots on the surface of the photosphere is given. They are caused by the presence of current-plasma channels between the surplus negatively charged nucleus and the surplus positively charged photosphere of the Sun. In current-plasma channels and in prominences that appear during electrical breakdown between electric islands on the surface of the photosphere, electrical domains are generated due to presence of runaway electrons. The generation of electrical domains accompanied by the generation of transverse electromagnetic waves. Charged particles in the electromagnetic wave field gain energy that is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb potential barrier.
Reduction thermal resistance methods in the thermal stabilizer
Authors: Kuzma-Kichta Yu A , Ivanov N S , Lavrikov A V , Shtefanov Yu P , Prokopenko I F , Skvortsov P I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The thermal resistance of the composite thermal stabilizer and methods for its reduction are investigated. The thermal resistance of thermal stabilizer decreases due to the heat exchange intensification in evaporator by a layer of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A method of producing aluminum oxide nanoparticles has been developed. The liquid capillary rise height is measured in the layer of nanoparticles. Estimate of the properties stability is obtained in the coating from aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The thermal resistance dependences are obtained on the transferred heat flux for models of thermal stabilizers from steel and aluminum
Q-switching Zirconia-Erbium-doped Pulsed Fiber Laser with MWCNTs-PEO as Saturable Absorber
Authors: Markom Arni Munira , Ahmad Muhammad Taufiq , Haris Hazlihan , Muhammad Ahmad Razif , Yusoff Zakiah Mohd , Burham Norhafizah , Paul Mukul Chandra , Dhar Anirban , Das Shyamal , Pal Mrinmay , Bhadra Shyamal Kumar , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Q-switched pulses provide a significant contribution to recent biomedical applications such as laser treatment, medical imaging, biomedical diagnoses and spectroscopy due to high efficiency, compact device, less footprint, flexibility and cost effective. A successful generation of Q-switching pulsed fiber laser by using a homemade fiber of zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) with the utilization multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyethylene oxide (MWCNTs-PEO) as saturable absorber is reported. The active medium is 1 meter length of Zr-EDF with -0.6 ps2 group delay dispersion (GDD) for overall setup arrangement. At maximum pump power 126 mW, the repetition rate, pulse duration, output power and pulse energy are 17.3 kHz, 7.57 μs, 1.13 mW and 65.03 nJ, respectively.
A Study of Informative EEG Channel and Brain Region for Typing Activity
Authors: Bin Ng Wei , Awang Saidatul Ardeenawatie , Fook Chong Yen , Chin Lim Chee , Ying Ong Zhi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain. Brain consists of four lobes which is frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobe. Each lobe has their own respective function and it release different rhythmic wave when carry out different actions. However, when performing a specific activity, not all the EEG channels tend to be informative to the particular activity. The need to optimize the number of channels is crucial to reduce computational complexity. The aim of this paper is to determine the informative EEG channel/s and brain region for typing activity. 20 healthy with right-handed subjects from Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) were enrolled in this study. Typing task was performed for 3 trials and 5 minutes per trial. In EEG signal processing, Notch filter and Butterworth bandpass filter were used to remove powerline artefact and to filter the signal into alpha (8-13Hz) and beta waves (13-30Hz). Welch method was applied to extract features from typing task. The obtained results were then undergoing the statistical analysis before load into the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifier. Based on this study, it is found that channel P3 in parietal region and channel T6 in temporal region give highest accuracy which is 99.44% for typing task activity.
Effect of swelling agent on pore properties of mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite
Authors: Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Amiruddin Nadia Liyana , Saleh Siti Shuhadah Md , Taib Mustafa Ali Azhar , Nasir Nashrul Fazli Mohd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) has been seen to be suitable as an adsorbent material due to the proven biocompatibility, bioactivity and chemical stability. However, obtaining the high surface area and desired pore size for mesoporous materials become the main challenge in producing good quality adsorbent materials. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of addition of swelling agents on pore properties of mesoporous CHA. Mesoporous CHA was synthesised by precipitation method. Triblock co-polymer, P123 surfactant was used as a soft template to introduce pores within the CHA particles and 1-dodecanethiol as a swelling agent. Two different mixing temperature (60°C and 80°C) were used during the mixing process of P123-calcium solution and 1-dodecanethiol. The effect of different mixing temperature (60°C and 80°C) and various concentration of swelling agent on the phase, morphology and pore characteristics of mesoporous CHA were investigated using various material characterization techniques. Mixing temperature 60°C, produced mesoporous CHA with much higher surface area (92.8 m2/g), larger pore size (22.9 nm) and higher pore volume (0.502 cm2/g) than those produce at 80°C (surface area = 62.7 m2/g, pore size = 2.6 nm and pore volume = 0.105 cm2/g). The highest surface area (146.9 m2/g) of mesoporous CHA was obtained when there was no swelling agent added. However, the pore size of the sample was very small. Therefore, the optimum pore characteristics (surface area = 104.5 m2/g, pore size = 24.4 nm and pore volume = 0.530 cm2/g) of mesoporous CHA was obtained when the swelling agent concentration is 0.6 M and the mixing temperature is 60°C. Both mixing temperature and swelling agent concentration have profound effect on the pore characteristics of mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA).
A Study of Biomagnetic Stimulation for Transcranial Application
Authors: Ghafar Nor Shahira Ab , Zakaria Zulkarnay , Noor Anas Mohd , Fook Chong Yen , Norali Ahmad Nasrul , Bakar Asyraf Hakimi Abu , Hassan Muhammad Khairul Ali , Rahiman Mohd. Hafiz Fazalul , Puspanathan Jaysuman , Mohamad Elmy Johana , Muji Siti Zarina Mohd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biomagnetic stimulation is a treatment uses the application of magnetic field principle for a therapeutic purpose. This non-invasive therapeutic technique use low frequency electromagnetic field which is less than 10 MHz. In transcranial application, electromagnetic field is use to stimulate the brain tissue for the people affected by weaken neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This paper discusses the modelling and simulation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using Comsol Multiphysics software. In this research four designs have been simulated. The overall analysis indicates that a single coil design has the best performance in stimulating the area of interest at the frequency of 5MHz.
Mitotic Cell Detection in Breast Histopathology Image: A Review
Authors: Jian Tan Xiao , Nazahah Mustafa , Yusoff Mashor Mohd , Shakir Ab Rahman Khairul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mitotic assessment is one of the critical features in the Nottingham Histological Grading (NHG) system for breast cancer grading. In recent years, rapid development in the performance of mounted camera, computer processing power, and data processing speed have fostered the research interest in detection of mitotic cells using image processing techniques. This paper is meant as an introduction of the recent methods and approaches specifically in detection of mitotic cells for the non-experts. It starts with overview of the grading system, online dataset, and the recent proposed methods in each step (i.e., color normalization, nuclei detection, feature extraction, and classification) of the mitotic cell assessment procedure. A brief discussion and the open problems pertinent to the established works were presented at the end of this paper.
Effects of Electrospinning Voltage and Flow Rate on Morphology of Poly-vinyl Alcohol Nanofibers
Authors: Asiri Amnah , Al-Ashwal Rania Hussien , Sani Mohd Helmi , Saidin Syafiqah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nanofibers have obtained considerable interest for use in various applications. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used to achieve many benefits for diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. We investigated in this study the effects of applied voltage, needle diameter, and flow rate on morphologies of PVA nanofibers. A constant volume of the feeding solutions delivered to the needle at a flow rate of 1 and 2 mL/h with high potentials of voltage was applied as they exit the needle. After that, the electrospun fibers collected on the ground connected aluminum foil. The electrical conductivity measurements of feeding solutions performed at room temperature. Characterization of the PVA nanofibers conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The obtained nanofibers SEM images show beads when using the flow rate at 1 mL/h, whereas increasing the voltage and the flow rate improved the morphology of the nanofibers to uniform without beads. The FTIR results show that O-H and C-O bands are the main attributing to the chemical functionality of PVA nanofibers. As a conclusion, the high voltage and flow rate considered as the most critical parameters that impacted on PVA nanofibers morphology.
Characterization of plasma based on the electrode size of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ)
Authors: Veeraiah Jeyashri , Zaaba Siti Khadijah , Mustaffa Mohammad Taufiq 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet recognize as non-thermal plasma or cold plasma where known as APPJ which is generated under pressure of the atmospheric environment, currently APPJ using in many kind of application especially in biomedical application to reduce microbial activity. In APPJ, there are various type of configuration can be set to produce plasma discharge. This project began by changing the configuration of electrodes thickness, electrodes distance, and quartz tube’s inner and outer diameter to generate ideal plasma discharge. The ideal plasma discharge can be choose from Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) analysis by using SpectraWiz software and bacteria inactivation method. This OES analysis used to analyze the charged species and chemical reactive species that present in the plasma plume. The length and reactive species of plasma discharge is all depend on the APPJ configuration used. From the result of OES analysis, the best parameters can choose to perform the bacteria inactivation method. It was found that the bacterial inactivation depend on the oxygen radical was introduced into the plasma jet system. The ideal configuration that was choosen from this research can be applicable in future plasma process to get an effective result.
Analysis of genu and splenium of the corpus callosum: comparison between healthy subjects with and without Leukoaraiosis
Authors: Salbinih Siti Nor Fatihah , Taib Nur Hartini Mohd , Mustapha Muzaimi , Samsudin Ahmad Hadif Zaidin , Yusoff Muhammad Nur Salihin , Shuaib Ibrahim Lutfi , Isa Suzana Mat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study to investigate whether there are any differences in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) values in subjects that have leukoaraiosis (LA) in the frontal white matter (fWM) and occipital white matter (oWM) compared to subjects that have no LA in those areas in the brain. DTI indices namely axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured via retrospective study. Finding from this study shows that there is no significant difference in AD, RD, MD, and FA values between both groups. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in DTI values of genu and splenium of the corpus callosum between subjects with and without LA. This study shows that subjects with LA does not having degeneration on fiber bundles of the genu and splenium, in which the genu and splenium function in connecting right and left of hemisphere. Also, it might does not affect or not yet affect the genu and splenium fiber bundles. This finding the differences is important to determine whether any changes in AD and RD values.
Influence of simulated leg length discrepancy on the spinal kinematics during stance phases
Authors: Jusoh Siti Mariam Mad , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Salim Mohammad Shahril , Safar Muhammad Juhairi Aziz , Sakeran Hamzah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exploring the walking of LLD are clinically helpful in understanding which LLD level contributed to the changes at the upper limb. The aim of this work was to determine which LLD level during single leg stance and double leg stance contributed to the spinal changes. Eighteen healthy male subjects were induced with 0.5 cm to 4.0 cm height of insoles with interval 0.5 cm accordingly and their spine motion during the stance phase was captured by 5 Oqus cameras and evaluated by using Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) software. The effect of LLD height on spinal kinematics were assessed using spinal curvature parameters which are the lateral bending angle at lumbar (LBAL), the shoulder-girdle and pelvic line bending angle (SPBA) and the shoulder-girdle line and pelvic line rotation angle (SPRA). 4 cm LLD height at double stance phase created a relatively larger LBAL when compared with normal walking. The influence of LLD on SPBA and SPRA was very minimal.
Surface inclination effects on muscle and joint contact force during walking: A systematic review
Authors: Yamin Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Som Mohd Hanafi Mat , Safar Muhammad Juhairi Aziz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOutdoor surfaces are generally uneven as the surface topography diverges in terms of its inclination. Due to variation of inclination, there are risks of injury caused by muscle response and force reaction during gait. The objective of this review is to characterize the effects of incline surface on muscle and forces during walking that contribute to injury. The search strategy was carried out from Worldcat.org database. Majority of the previous studies agree on the fact that muscle response and force significantly change according to the changes of surface inclination. Future studies involving ligament force should be performed in order to obtain a valid result on muscle response and force reaction during inclined gait.