bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine, Metabolic and Pharmacological Effects of Thyronamines
(TAM), Thyroacetic Acids (TA) and Thyroid Hormone Metabolites (THM) –
Evidence from in vitro, Cellular, Experimental Animal and Human
Studies
Authors: Homuth Georg , Lietzow Julika , Schanze Nancy , Golchert Janine , Köhrle Josef 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThyroid hormone metabolites (THM) with few or no iodine substituents such as
3,5-T2, the thyronamines 3-T1AM and T0AM, and their oxidation products, the
thyroacetic acids (TA) formed by monoamine oxidases, have recently attracted
major interest due to their metabolic actions which are in part distinct from
those of the classical thyromimetic hormone T3, the major ligand of T3
receptors. This review compiles and discusses in vitro effects of 3,5-T2,
TAM and TA reported for thyrocytes, pancreatic islets and hepatocytes as well as
findings from in vivo studies in mouse models after single or repeated
administration of pharmacological doses of these agents. Comparison of the
3,5-T2 effects on the transcriptome with not yet published proteome data in
livers of obese mice on high fat diet indicate a distinct anti-steatotic effect
of this THM. Furthermore, uptake, metabolism, and cellular actions via various
receptors such as trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR), alpha-adrenergic,
GPCR and T3 receptors are discussed. Studies on postulated pathways of
biosynthesis of 3-T1AM, its effects on the HPT-axis and thyroid gland as well as
insulin secretion are reviewed. 3-T1AM also acts on hepatocytes and interferes
with TRPM8-dependent signaling in human cell lines related to the eye
compartment. Human studies are presented which address potential biosynthesis
routes of 3,5-T2 and 3-T1AM from THM precursors, especially T3. The current
state of diagnostic analytics of these minor THM in human blood is portrayed
comparing and critically discussing the still divergent findings based on
classical immunoassay and recently developed liquid-chromatography/mass-
spectrometry methods, which allow quantification of the thyronome spectrum from
one single small volume serum sample. The clinical perspectives of use and
potential abuse of these biologically active THM is addressed.
Digital per-oral cholangioscopy to diagnose and manage biliary duct disorders: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Soria-Alcívar Miguel , Oleas Roberto , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Valero Manuel , Pitanga-Lukashok Hannah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Digital, per-oral cholangioscopy (POCS) allows diagnosis of biliary ducts disorders and treatment for complicated stones. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of digital POCS systems for stricture lesions and the factors precluding complete biliary stone clearance.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 265 consecutive patients referred for POCS between December 2016 and July 2018. We first analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of digital POCS for malignant and benign stricture lesions in 147 patients. Then, we analyzed the factors associated with complete or partial biliary stone clearance achieved with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) delivered via POCS in 118 patients.
Results In the diagnostic group, digital POCS achieved 91 % visual-impression sensitivity, 99 % specificity, 99 % positive and 91 % negative predictive values, and 63.64 positive and 0.09 negative likelihood ratios for malignancy diagnosis. In the therapeutic group, complete biliary stone clearance was achieved by EHL in 94.9 % patients; the mean stone size was 20 mm (10–40 mm). In multivariable analyses, a stone size > 20 mm (OR: 1.020, P < 0.001) and the number of stones ≥ 3 (OR: 1.276, P < 001) was associated with partial biliary stone clearance. Adverse events were reported in 3.3 % patients; no deaths were reported 30 days after the procedure.
Conclusions Digital POCS has excellent diagnostic efficacy for biliary lesions. EHL via POCS is effective for complicated biliary stone clearance. Stone size (> 20 mm) and the number of stones (≥ 3) are associated with partial biliary stone clearance.
Selektion von Intraokularlinsen bei Patienten mit Makulopathien
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Graff Birte , Nienhaus Svenja , Neller Kai , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Schwahn Hartmut 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Multifokale Intraokularlinsen (MIOLs) können Patienten in gewissem Maße Brillenunabhängigkeit bieten. In der Praxis stellt sich jedoch häufig die Frage, welche Patienten überhaupt für die Implantation von MIOLs geeignet sind. Nicht selten wird gezögert, MIOLs bei Patienten mit Makulopathien zu implantieren, da die Sorge besteht, dass die Multifokalität der implantierten IOL die Sehleistung dieser Patienten zusätzlich einschränkt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, mittels virtueller Implantation herauszufinden, wie MIOLs verschiedener Designs das Sehen bei Makulopathien beeinflussen.
Patienten, Material und Methoden In dieser prospektiven Studie wurden 17 pseudophake, gesunde Augen (Gruppe 1) und 13 pseudophake Augen mit verschiedenen Makulopathien und geringerem Visus (Gruppe 2) eingeschlossen. Erhoben und analysiert wurden der bestkorrigierte Fernvisus (BCDVA), nah- und fernkorrigierter Nahvisus (CNVA und DCNVA) und die Kontrastempfindlichkeit, während die Patienten durch den „VirtIOL intraocular lens implant simulator“ blickten, der das Sehen durch implantierte Intraokularlinsen simulieren soll. Die Messungen wurden für 3 verschiedene IOL-Typen durchgeführt: asphärische monofokale Linse, EDOF-Linse (EDOF: „extended depth of focus“) und diffraktive Trifokallinse. Die Ergebnisse wurden einerseits zwischen den verschiedenen IOL-Typen und andererseits zwischen den beiden Gruppen verglichen.
Ergebnisse Neben einem geringeren Visus besaßen Patienten mit Makulopathien auch geringere Kontrastempfindlichkeit im Vergleich zu den Netzhautgesunden. Der Vorteil der Verwendung multifokaler IOL-Typen gegenüber monofokalen IOL ist in beiden Gruppen nachweisbar, die jeweils einen signifikant gesteigerten fernkorrigierten Nahvisus aufwiesen: 0,29 logMAR und 0,39 logMAR Visusverbesserung für EDOF- bzw. Trifokal-IOLs in Gruppe 1 und entsprechend 0,17 logMAR und 0,25 logMAR Visusverbesserung in Gruppe 2. Die Kontrastempfindlichkeit im Bereich niedriger Ortsfrequenzen von 3 cpd ist allerdings im Vergleich zur monofokalen IOL herabgesetzt.
Schlussfolgerungen Für die in dieser Studie untersuchten Sehfunktionen sind MIOLs eine zweckmäßige Option auch für Patienten mit Makulopathien, um dem Wunsch nach Brillenunabhängigkeit entgegenzukommen. Auch wenn deren Sehqualität bereits eingeschränkt ist, tritt bei den aktuell untersuchten Patienten der Vorteil der multifokalen IOLs hinsichtlich der verbesserten Lesefähigkeit ohne zusätzliche Nahkorrektur gegenüber monofokalen IOLs dennoch zutage.
Das Krossenrezidiv aus der Sicht des Operateurs
Authors: Mumme Achim , Mühlberger Dominic , Hummel Thomas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungKrossenrezidive nach Varizenoperation haben eine hohe sozioökonomische Relevanz. Zur Rezidivprophylaxe steht die Vermeidung technischer Fehler beim Ersteingriff im Vordergrund. Es darf kein Saphenastumpf verbleiben, der später zum proximalen Insuffizienzpunkt einer Rezidivvarikose werden kann. Darüber hinaus sollte die Durchtrittsstelle für saphenofemorale Rezidive, das Foramen ovale, beim Ersteingriff verschlossen werden, um eine Faszienbarriere zwischen der tiefen Vene und dem oberflächlichen Kompartiment zu schaffen. Bei Rezidivoperationen mit Vernarbungen im Bereich des Foramen ovale kann die Herstellung einer Faszienbarriere durch eine Augmentierung mit einem Flicken erleichtert werden.Mit einer ordnungsgemäßen Krossektomie in Kombination mit einer Faszienbarriere können Krossenrezidive weitgehend vermieden werden.
Wild Strawberry, Blackberry, and Blueberry Leaf Extracts Alleviate Starch-Induced Hyperglycemia in Prediabetic and Diabetic Mice
Authors: Takács István , Szekeres András , Takács Ákos , Rakk Dávid , Mézes Miklós , Polyák Ágnes , Lakatos Lóránt , Gyémánt Gyöngyi , Csupor Dezső , Kovács Krisztina J. , Ferenczi Szilamér 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntestinal α-glucosidase and α-amylase break down nutritional poly- and oligosaccharides to monosaccharides and their activity significantly contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia. Competitive inhibitors of these enzymes, such as acarbose, are effective antidiabetic drugs, but have unpleasant side effects. In our ethnopharmacology inspired investigations, we found that wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), and European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaf extracts inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity in vitro and are effective in preventing postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo. Toxicology tests on H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac muscle cells demonstrated that berry leaf extracts have no cytotoxic effects. Oral administration of these leaf extracts alone or as a mixture to normal (control), obese, prediabetic, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice attenuated the starch-induced rise of blood glucose levels. The efficiency was similar to that of acarbose on blood glucose. These results highlight berry leaf extracts as candidates for testing in clinical trials in order to assess the clinical significance of their effects on glycemic control.
Kardiologische Therapie im Alter aus geriatrischer Sicht
Authors: Gosch Markus 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungKardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, wie Arteriosklerose, arterielle Hypertonie, Herzinsuffizienz oder Vorhofflimmern, haben die höchste Prävalenz im fortgeschrittenen Lebensalter. Als Grundlage für die pharmakologische Therapie dienen jeweils die aktuellen Leitlinien. Allerdings bedarf es aufgrund der Komplexizität und Vulnerabilität geriatrischer Patienten eines individuellen Behandlungsansatzes, welcher sich im Einzelfall von Leitlinien unterscheiden kann. Im folgenden Beitrag werden einige relevante kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen aus der Perspektive eines geriatrischen Behandlungsansatzes beleuchtet sowie Empfehlungen ausgesprochen.
Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Noor Zorawar S. , Cummings Amy L. , Johnson McKenna M. , Spiegel Marshall L. , Goldman Jonathan W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLung cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the availability of comprehensive genomic profiling has allowed for the characterization of its molecular subtypes. This has increased the ability to deliver “personalized medicines” by tailoring therapies to target driver mutations in a patient's cancer. The development of targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has helped define the era of precision medicine throughout oncology. This article aims to contextualize recent research and provide an updated summary of targeted therapies available for patients with NSCLC. With practitioners and clinical researchers in mind, we note standard of care therapies, important approvals, practice guidelines, and treatments in development. The first section discusses mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and the second section examines rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS1 fusions. Finally, we explore the rarer molecular alterations in BRAF, RET, MET, HER2, and KRAS. Given the many available therapies, it is important to understand the molecular alterations in NSCLC, and how to target them.
Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Stimulating Partnership
Authors: Dams Ritchell van , Yuan Ye , Robinson Clifford G. , Lee Percy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although durable local control rates are high after surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for early-stage disease, a substantial proportion of these patients eventually experience regional and/or distant failure and succumb to their metastatic disease. The discovery of immunotherapeutics and targeted biologics has revolutionized the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic disease, improving progression-free and overall survival when incorporated with the current standards of care. Notably, post-hoc analyses and early clinical trials provide a growing body of evidence to support a synergistic effect between radiation and immunotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC from early-stage to metastatic disease. Radiotherapy appears to be capable of not only potentiating the effect of immunotherapy in targeted lesions, but also eliciting an antitumor response in distant lesions without any direct exposure to radiation. This review explores the biologic basis of immunotherapy, targeted biologics, and radiotherapy as well as the preclinical and clinical data that support the combined use of radioimmunotherapy for early-stage, locally advanced, and metastatic NSCLC.
Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Joy , Reckamp Karen L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraditionally, lung cancer has been treated as an immune-resistant disease with platinum-based chemotherapy serving as the first-line treatment for metastatic disease. The efficacy of immunotherapy has been established for patients with advanced lung cancer in clinical trials, and it has since become the standard of care for patients without targetable mutations, with or without chemotherapy. Previously, lung cancer patients experienced limited responses to immune-based therapy. As clinical trials continued to explore immunotherapy options with checkpoint inhibitors, results showed that immune therapies can create durable responses with manageable toxicities. Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can experience improved survival when administered immunotherapy over chemotherapy. The first successful immunotherapy treatments developed exploit programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), immune checkpoint pathways. Combination therapies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint pathway inhibitors have also demonstrated improved outcomes for patients with NSCLC. Combination therapy with PD-1 or PD-L1 therapy and chemotherapy has shown benefit for small cell lung cancer patients as well. As immunotherapy changes the treatment paradigm of lung cancer, researchers continue to investigate different combinations, timing, duration, and biomarkers to better understand and improve the efficacy of immune-based therapy for patients with lung cancer.
Should Sequential Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Be Limited to Patients Younger than 80? A Two-Arm Propensity Matched Study
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven Edward , Yeo Wai Weng , Myat Darli , Fritsch Brett Andrew , Coolican Myles Raphael , Parker David Anthony 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite multiple studies, there remains a debate on the safety of bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) in the average age patient, with a paucity of data on the outcome of BTKA in an elderly population. This study included 89 patients aged 80 years and older undergoing sequential BTKA over 14 years were identified in a prospectively collected database. Two matched comparison groups were created: patients under 80 undergoing sequential BTKA and patients over 80 undergoing unilateral TKA (UTKA). An analysis of complications, mortality, revision, and patient-reported outcome measures was performed. Mean age of the elderly cohorts was similar: 82.6 for BTKA and 82.9 for UTKA. The average age BTKA cohort had a mean age of 69.1. Complication rates were higher in bilateral cohorts, more so in the elderly BTKA cohort. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was observed in bilateral cohorts only. In these patients, history of PE and ischemic heart disease was a strong predictive factor for developing a major complication. There was no difference in revision rates and infection rates between the three cohorts, and no difference in patient survivorship between the two elderly cohorts. Through the combination of low revision and high survivorship rates and comparable clinical outcomes, this article demonstrates that simultaneous BTKA is an appropriate option to consider for an elderly patient, with proper patient selection and perioperative management. The demonstrated risk groups show that emphasis on patient selection should be focused on medical history rather than chronological age.
Hamstring Injuries Prevention in Soccer: A Narrative Review of Current Literature
Authors: Bisciotti Gian Nicola , Chamari Karim , Cena Emanuele , Carimati Giulia , Bisciotti Alessandro , Bisciotti Andrea , Quaglia Alessandro , Volpi Piero 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHamstring injuries and reinjuries are one of the most important sport lesions in several sport activities including soccer, Australian football, track and field, rugby, and in general in all sport activities requiring sprinting and acceleration. However, it is important to distinguish between the lesions of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Indeed, three muscles representing the hamstring complex have a very different injury etiology and consequently require different prevention strategies. This fact may explain, at least in part, the high incidence of reinjuries. In soccer, hamstring injuries cause an important rate of time loss (i.e., in average 15–21 matches missed per club per season). The hamstring injury risk factors may be subdivided in three categories: “primary injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors mainly causing a first lesion), “recurrent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk that can cause a reinjury), and bivalent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors that can cause both primary injuries and reinjuries). The high incidence of hamstring lesions caused consequently an important increase in hamstring injury research. However, although the prevention has increased paradoxically, epidemiological data do not show a loss in injuries and/or reinjuries but, on the contrary, they show an increase in hamstring injuries. This apparent paradox highlights the importance both of the improvement in the prevention programs quality and the criteria for return to play after hamstring injury.
Windows of attention and the polysemy of V-kai
Authors: Wang Liansheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses the polysemy of the structure of
V-kai based on windows of attention and finds that it has
three different meanings, including result, result and direction, condition, which
respectively include some different subordinate meanings. It is the result of
different patterns of path windowing. Specifically, result is the result of final
path windowing. Result and direction is the result of medial and final path
windowing. Condition is the result of initial and medial path windowing. Making
use of mechanism of analogy, metaphor and metonymy, they produce some different
subordinate meanings. Because of economy principle of language, it is necessary
for the language construction to change from expressing one meaning to expressing
more, leading to the increase of semantic capacity.
Representations of Pinkunsheng in China’s university
media
Authors: Chen Yuping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the representations of
Pinkunsheng or Jingjikunnan xuesheng
(hereafter Pinkunsheng) (i.e. low-income college students) in
China through examining campus newspapers (Xiaobao), which
constitute the major print medium at universities. Given that the admission rate
of Pinkunsheng in agricultural, forestry and normal universities
is relatively higher than other universities, three Xiaobao (i.e.

中国农大校报 (Xiaobao of China Agricultural University),

南京林业大学报
(Xiaobao of Nanjing Forestry
University) and
北京师范大学校报
(Xiaobao of Beijing
Normal University)) were identified as data sources. Drawing on the
theory of identity centrality (Rosenberg
1979) and taking a sociocultural linguistic approach to identity
（Bucholtz and Hall 2004, 2005, 2008), this paper finds that different relations of identity are employed in
diverse types of text to represent disparate identity dimensions of
Pinkunsheng. Information reports tend to highlight their
powerlessness in economic terms, whereas campus-based recounts and narratives
foreground their high motivation, their goal-oriented psychological strength and
their academic endeavour. This study sets out to make a contribution to current
research on the media representations of Pinkunsheng in China,
thereby providing insights into the discourses of low-income college students in
contemporary China.
Translating puns in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
Authors: Xu Samantha Zhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper takes a pragmatic perspective and draws upon a
relevance-theoretic approach to examine how the issue of (un)translatability is
addressed in English to Chinese translation, based on three Chinese translations
of the English classic Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland taken
from three significant periods in China’s contemporary literary and socio-economic
history. Pun emerges in the novel, which has been renowned for its “impossibility”
to be translated, as the most outstanding type of (un)translatability. A
successful translation under the relevance-theoretic framework, which views
translation as a communicative act, calls for an interpretive resemblance between
source text and target text rather than equivalence (Sperber and Wilson 1986; Gutt 1991, 2014). This paper takes the translation of puns in Alice in
Wonderland, as a case study, and employs Delabastita’s (1996) typology of puns and translation
methods to analyse and contrast the three translators’ strategies. By assessing
the degree of relevance achieved in the three translations and to what extent the
new relevance resembles the original one, this study finds that the translators
show different patterns in their approaches towards (un)translatability. The
socio-cultural environments and the translators’ own subjectivity are found to be
major contributive factors in communicating what’s deemed relevant to the target text
audience.
Translation and re-narration of Nainai
Authors: Xiao Jiayan , Yang Qing , He Shiyao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This case study is exemplified to probe into the distinctions
between English translations either by English native translators Hawkes, Joly and
Bonsall, or Chinese translator Yang in translating the personal deictic
Nainai as appellation in chapter 27 of Honglou
Meng, to sort out what cognition of Chinese culture they retained and
intended to consolidate and evaluate if the translation(s) have convinced positive
traditional Chinese culture. The discussion covers the reliable narration and
unreliable narration of interpersonal relationship, social status, and
modification based on the pragmatic study of the social and personal deictic
Nainai as appellation in the discourse, suggesting that the
cultural stance adopted by the translators can be the key factor in the wording
and consequently in re-narrating the interpersonal relationship and their social
status, with the intention of classifying the factors of improving the
intercultural communication, a more positive response of Honglou
Meng and the culture the work has embedded with, simultaneously better
reproduction of the traditional Chinese culture can be developed.