bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Appraisal of Caregiving for Intensive Care Unit Survivors: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
Authors: Tate Judith A. , Choi JiYeon 
Published: September 2020

Background
More than half of intensive care unit survivors require assistance from family caregivers after discharge. Caregiving is associated with negative consequences including poor health-related quality of life, psychosocial distress, and burden. Little is known about how family caregivers find satisfaction and meaning in their experience.

Objectives
To explore positive descriptions of the experiences of family caregivers of critically ill patients and to describe factors that family caregivers view as important to a positive caregiving experience from hospitalization to 4 months after discharge.

Methods
Qualitative secondary analysis was performed on data from semistructured interviews conducted as part of a longitudinal study that examined physical and psychological responses to stress in a convenience sample of family caregivers of adult intensive care unit patients who underwent prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥ 4 days). Interviews were conducted at 4 time points: during the hospitalization and within 2 weeks, 2 months, and 4 months after discharge.

Results
Participants (n = 41) reported factors that helped them positively appraise their caregiving experience in 113 interviews conducted face to face or via telephone. During patients’ hospitalization, caregivers described changes in their role, with their primary responsibility being to advocate for the patient. They described how this experience fulfilled their identity and strengthened their relationship with the patient. Most family caregivers mentioned the importance of social support and prayer.

Conclusions
Family caregivers of intensive care unit patients can identify positive aspects of caregiving during the experience. Interventions to reframe the caregiving experience in a positive light are warranted.
Factors affecting Industrial Attachment Programme: Measures of academic performance and efficiency in Zimbabwe: A Review
Authors: Dondofema J. , Mwenje J. , Musemwa L. 
Published: September 2020

Assessment of the Industrial Attachment Programme was deemed incomplete without reviewing measures of academic performance, efficiency, and the factors that affect performance and efficiency. The factors forming the basis for this review were found to human and system oriented. Academic performance of students has to be measured using examinations, tests, assignments and exercises. Data Envelope Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analyst were the efficiency measures reviewed. Data Envelope Analysis was regarded appropriate for this study considering its ability to handle multiple inputs and outputs. Data Envelope Analysis estimates allocative, technical and economic efficiency which are key efficient measures. Some of the factors reviewed include financing, timing, evaluation and assessment methods of the programme. Linkage among students, tertiary education institutions, host organizations and various stake holders were other key factors. Courses covered before Industrial Attachment were noted as other key factors since the programme intends to marry theory learnt in the classroom with the practice. Industrial Attachment in Zimbabwe as with the Agricultural colleges and other institutions of tertiary education was also reviewed. The institutions use different approaches which will help much in the assessment of the programme. Measurement of performance and efficiency levels were found to be done with primary and secondary schools making reference to the academic side and not much was found to be done with agricultural colleges and the industrial attachment programme thereby forming the basis for this study. Colleges have to adopt models which improve performance and efficiency of the programme.
La importancia del buen uso y cuidado de la voz del docente universitario.
Authors: Corona Delgado Mariana Del Rocío 
Published: September 2020

La investigación se realizó siguiendo un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, teniendo como objetivo, la valoración de las características y hábitos vocales en profesores de la Universidad de Colima, determinar el interés por aprender más acerca del uso y cuidado de la herramienta vocal y mejorar las habilidades vocales de los docentes, con el fin de colaborar en la toma de conciencia en cuanto a la importancia de la buena utilización de la voz en el aula. La metodología incluye dos fases; en la primera se realizó una encuesta de valoración y un análisis estadístico de resultados, en la segunda, se implementó un taller vocal en respuesta a los resultados del análisis, dicho taller arrojó datos importantes acerca de la necesidad de ampliar el tema del buen uso y cuidado de la principal herramienta de trabajo del docente.
Palabras clave
Docente, Herramienta Vocal, Educación, Comunicación.
Abstract
The research was carried out following a quantitative-qualitative approach, aiming at the evaluation of the characteristics and vocal habits in professors of the University of Colima, to determine the interest to learn more about the use and care of the Vocal tool and improve the vocal skills of teachers, in order to collaborate in the awareness of the importance of the good use of the voice in the classroom. The methodology includes two phases; In the first one, a survey of valuation and a statistical analysis of results was carried out, in the second, a vocal workshop was implemented in response to the results of the analysis, this workshop threw important data about the need to broaden the topic of the good use and Care of the teacher's main work tool.
Keywords
Teacher, Vocal Tool, Education, Communication.
Impact of NOx on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from α-pinene and β-pinene photooxidation: the role of highly oxygenated organic nitrates
Authors: Pullinen Iida , Schmitt Sebastian , Kang Sungah , Sarrafzadeh Mehrnaz , Schlag Patrick , Andres Stefanie , Kleist Einhard , Mentel Thomas F. , Rohrer Franz , Springer Monika , Tillmann Ralf , Wildt Jürgen , Wu Cheng , Zhao Defeng , Wahner Andreas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The formation of organic nitrates (ONs) in the gas phase and their impact on mass formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated in a laboratory study for α-pinene and β-pinene photooxidation. Focus was the elucidation of those mechanisms that cause the often observed suppression of SOA mass formation by NOx, and therein the role of highly oxygenated multifunctional molecules (HOMs). We observed that with increasing NOx concentration (a) the portion of HOM
organic nitrates (HOM-ONs) increased, (b) the fraction of accretion products (HOM-ACCs) decreased, and (c) HOM-ACCs contained on average smaller carbon numbers. Specifically, we investigated HOM organic nitrates (HOM-ONs), arising from
the termination reactions of HOM peroxy radicals with NOx, and HOM permutation products (HOM-PPs), such as ketones, alcohols, or hydroperoxides, formed by other termination reactions. Effective uptake coefficients γeff of HOMs on particles were determined. HOMs with more than six O atoms efficiently condensed on particles (γeff>0.5 on average), and for HOMs containing more than eight O atoms, every collision led to loss. There was no systematic difference in γeff for HOM-ONs and HOM-PPs arising from the same HOM peroxy radicals. This similarity is attributed to the multifunctional character of the HOMs: as functional groups in HOMs arising from the same precursor HOM peroxy radical are identical, vapor pressures should not strongly depend on the character of the final termination group. As a consequence, the suppressing effect of NOx on SOA formation cannot be simply explained by replacement of terminal functional groups by organic nitrate groups. According to their γeff all HOM-ONs with more than six O atoms will contribute to organic bound nitrate (OrgNO3) in the particulate phase. However, the fraction of OrgNO3 stored in condensable HOMs with molecular masses > 230 Da appeared to be substantially higher than the fraction of particulate OrgNO3 observed by aerosol mass spectrometry. This result suggests losses of OrgNO3 for organic nitrates in particles, probably due to hydrolysis of OrgNO3 that releases HNO3 into the gas phase but leaves behind the organic rest in the particulate phase. However, the loss of HNO3 alone could not explain the observed suppressing effect of NOx on particle mass formation from α-pinene and β-pinene. Instead we can attribute most of the reduction in SOA mass yields with
increasing NOx to the significant suppression of gas phase HOM-ACCs, which have high molecular mass and are potentially important for SOA mass formation at low-NOx conditions.
Righting the Aftermath: On the Ethics of Recognition in the Postwar Novels of Alonso Cueto and Julien Kilanga Musinde
Authors: Ndi Gilbert Shang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the texts La Hora Azul by Alonso Cueto and Jardin Secret by Julien Kilanga Musinde within the context of postwar narratives emerging from histories of armed conflicts in Peru and Congo. The article focuses primarily on both authors' interweaving of formalistic aspects and complex narrative motifs in order to articulate an ethics of recognition that is indispensable in the reimagination of an inclusive nation in postwar contexts. Through an intertextual analysis of salient aspects such as the face-to-face encounter of self-other a la Levinas and the conceit of family–nation, the article argues that the preoccupation of the authors is less with the epic violence from which these narratives historically emerge than with the normalized forms of violence that have pitted sociopolitical relations in postcolonial nations. Thus, inclusive processes of reconciliation in the sense propounded by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Peru can only be possible through a self-reflexive examination of the sociopolitical habitus of the nation and the sedimented cultures/politics of exclusion that are responsible for the cracks within the imagination of the nation that make the resurgence of violent conflicts a persistent and immanent reality.
Identification of risk factors for mortality associated with COVID-19
Authors: Yu Yuetian , Zhu Cheng , Yang Luyu , Dong Hui , Wang Ruilan , Ni Hongying , Chen Erzhen , Zhang Zhongheng 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic outbreak. Risk stratification at hospital admission is of vital importance for medical decision making and resource allocation. There is no sophisticated tool for this purpose. This study aimed to develop neural network models with predictors selected by genetic algorithms (GA).

Methods
This study was conducted in Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020. Predictors were collected on day 1 of hospital admission. The primary outcome was the vital status at hospital discharge. Predictors were selected by using GA, and neural network models were built with the cross-validation method. The final neural network models were compared with conventional logistic regression models.

Results
A total of 246 patients with COVID-19 were included for analysis. The mortality rate was 17.1% (42/246). Non-survivors were significantly older (median (IQR): 69 (57, 77) vs. 55 (41, 63) years; p < 0.001), had higher high-sensitive troponin I (0.03 (0, 0.06) vs. 0 (0, 0.01) ng/L; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (85.75 (57.39, 164.65) vs. 23.49 (10.1, 53.59) mg/L; p < 0.001), D-dimer (0.99 (0.44, 2.96) vs. 0.52 (0.26, 0.96) mg/L; p < 0.001), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (306.5 (268.75, 377.25) vs. 194.5 (160.75, 247.5); p < 0.001) and a lower level of lymphocyte count (0.74 (0.41, 0.96) vs. 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) × 109/L; p < 0.001) than survivors. The GA identified a 9-variable (NNet1) and a 32-variable model (NNet2). The NNet1 model was parsimonious with a cost on accuracy; the NNet2 model had the maximum accuracy. NNet1 (AUC: 0.806; 95% CI [0.693–0.919]) and NNet2 (AUC: 0.922; 95% CI [0.859–0.985]) outperformed the linear regression models.

Conclusions
Our study included a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Several risk factors were identified considering both clinical and statistical significance. We further developed two neural network models, with the variables selected by using GA. The model performs much better than the conventional generalized linear models.
Sensitivity Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Epidemic Model
Authors: Akinboro Folahan S. , Kehinde O. O. , Alao S. , Adediipo A. D. 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to carry out detailed sensitivity analysis of each parameter in order to know their relative importance in the epidemiological model. This mathematical model for hepatitis B virus is a system of non-linear differential equations which represents the interaction between diseases classes and other epidemiological parameters. The disease free equilibrium points and basic reproduction number of the cases were analyzed using the next generation matrix method. Sensitivity analysis of with respect to the model parameters was carried out using normalized forward sensitivity index with graphical illustrations for clarity on the effects of these parameters. This analysis showed transmission rate as the most sensitive parameter which means a reduction to zero of the transmission rate could lead to eradicating HBV infection. It was deduced that sensitivity analysis of these model parameters gives an insight into how best the spread of Hepatitis B Virus could be curtailed.
Computational Approach to Identify Mutations in Genes of Notch Signaling Pathway and Its Association with OSCC
Authors: Sivarajan Madhumithaa , Girija A. S. Smiline , Paramasivam A. , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree 
Published: September 2020

Derailments in signal transduction pathways are associated with the development of tumors. One such vital pathway is the Notch signaling pathway which is associated with various processes of carcinogenesis such as proliferation of cells, cell renewal, angiogenesis and oncogenic microenvironment preservation. Interestingly, Notch also plays a pivotal role in tumor development by acting as an oncogene as well as tumor suppressor gene. In view of this fact, the present study was designed to analyze mutations in Notch signalling pathway which might have a crucial role in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using computational approach. The Cancer Gene Atlas data set hosted in the cBioportal was used in the present study. These samples were queried for the presence of mutations in Notch signalling genes which included a predefined list of 55 genes. Further, the Oncoprint data obtained was compared to that of gnomAD database which identified novel and reported mutations in the genes analyzed. Additionally, I-Mutant and MutPred analysis was carried out to determine the stability and pathogenicity of the variations recorded. Among 55 genes analysed, SPEN gene was shown to possess the highest frequency of mutation (5%) followed by FBXW7, Notch1, EP300, NUMB, and RBPJL genes. Most of the mutations identified were novel as assessed using the control dataset from the gnomAD database. The stability of the protein was found to decrease upon nucleotide substitution. Finally, the MutPred score revealed that most of the mutant proteins were pathogenic. Several novel mutations have been identified in the pathway analyzed. Functional analysis of these variants using experimental approaches would aid in dissecting their association with OSCC.
Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence of COVID-19 in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: Forecasting the prevalence of the disease is important for health departments to strengthen surveillance systems and reallocate resources. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of COVID-19 in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that included data about the occurrence of COVID-19 cases in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia between the 12th of July, 2020 till 5th of august, 2020. Data were extracted from Saudi Ministry of Health official site and also from Saudi Ministry of Health page on Facebook.
Results: The rate of cases in Alkharj were low in comparison with other cities. The number of population in Saudi Arabia was 34,871,847 in 2020. among of these people, More than 425,300 live in Alkharj. So Alkharj residents represent about 1.219 % of the total population in Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 cases in Alkharj represent only 0.576% of total cases in Saudi Arabia. In Alkharj, only 0.387 % of the population suffered from COVID-19 (out of 425,300 people there were 1646 COVID-19 patients)
Conclusion: This study showed a reduction in the number of COVID-19 cases but still it is essential to implement the preventive measures to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases.
Other Experts: Disciplinary and Aesthetic Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rehm M Casey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConstrained artificial intelligence can provide many benefits to the building industry of the 21st century. Los Angeles‐based multidisciplinary designer and SCIArc tutor M Casey Rehm describes how AI, programmed without a priori concepts, can develop many previously inconceivable architectural solutions. Such designs do not depend on traditional or received human thought patterns.
The Impact of Automobile Design on Architecture
Authors: Pininfarina Paolo , Trevisan Paolo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPaolo Pininfarina, chairman of longstanding Italian car designer and maker Pininfarina, and Paolo Trevisan, Head of Design and Architecture at Pininfarina of America, describe how the seamless, double‐curved formal transitions made in automobile design can be transferable to architecture, and question the discrete separateness of building elements and techniques, for example roofs and walls, as illustrated by their Cyrela residential tower block in São Paulo.
Aesthetics, Narrative and the Materials of Architecture
Authors: Goldblatt David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll buildings have an impact on us, whether seeing and navigating through and around them for the first time or frequently. Their materiality interacts with us and the streetscape, contributing to our internal and external, sometimes received narrative. David Goldblatt, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Denison University in Ohio, explains this complex interrelationship and contemplates the effect new materiality might have on this symbiosis.
Shanghai Bund: The Impact of Context
Authors: Heatherwick Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDesigner Thomas Heatherwick has an international reputation honed by a series of buildings that have audacious formal articulations. These buildings often exhibit the repetition of architectural elements, yet the same base element is used in an almost infinite array of combinations. Here he describes the thoughts, concepts, materiality and surface treatments of his Fosun Foundation building for the Bund Finance Centre in Shanghai.
Material Intricacy
Authors: Mergenthaler Ascan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerzog & de Meuron's Tai Kwun centre for heritage and arts in Hong Kong has an innovative and spectacular facade. It is both a sun‐and rain‐screen made of rough‐cast aluminium units. Ascan Mergenthaler, senior partner at the firm, guides us through the design process, the detailing, and particularly how the facade turns corners, the inspiration for its jointing coming from traditional masonry bonding.
Beyond Digital Avant‐Gardes: The Materiality of Architecture and Its Impact
Authors: Picon Antoine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last 25 years, since the beginning of the ‘first digital turn’ in architecture, the imperative towards sustainability and the preoccupations of the virtual vanguard have seldom been bedfellows. Antoine Picon, Harvard Professor of the History of Architecture and Technology, sees some green shoots in the post‐digital world.
Stereoselective Construction of (E,Z)‐1,3‐Dienes and Its Application in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Hubert Pierre , Seibel Elena , Beemelmanns Christine , Campagne Jean‐Marc , de Figueiredo Renata Marcia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe E,Z‐configured 1,3‐diene unit is a common motif in numerous bioactive natural products. Although several powerful methods are available to produce these motifs with high levels of selectivity, their construction within a complex, polyfunctionalised structure, such as a natural product, requires well‐defined strategies to avoid undesirable reactions and low‐to‐moderate selectivities. The aim of this review is to provide a full account of the stereoselective strategies for building E,Z‐configured 1,3‐dienes, as well as to highlight selected total syntheses that employ them.magnified image
In‐Syringe Electrokinetic Protein Removal from Biological Samples prior to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mikhail Ibraam E. , Tehranirokh Masoomeh , Gooley Andrew A. , Guijt Rosanne M. , Breadmore Michael C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere, an electrokinetic extraction (EkE) syringe is presented allowing for on‐line electrokinetic removal of serum proteins before ESI‐MS. The proposed concept is demonstrated by the determination of pharmaceuticals from human serum within minutes, with sample preparation limited to a 5× dilution of the sample in the background electrolyte (BGE) and application of voltage, both of which can be performed in‐syringe. Signal enhancements of 3.6–32 fold relative to direct infusion of diluted serum and up to 10.8 fold enhancement, were obtained for basic and acidic pharmaceuticals, respectively. Linear correlations for the basic drugs by EkE‐ESI‐MS/MS were achieved, covering the necessary clinical range with LOQs of 5.3, 7.8, 6.1, and 17.8 ng mL−1 for clomipramine, chlorphenamine, pindolol, and atenolol, respectively. For the acidic drugs, the EkE‐ESI‐MS LOQs were 3.1 μg mL−1 and 2.9 μg mL−1 for naproxen and paracetamol, respectively. The EkE‐ESI‐MS and EkE‐ESI‐MS/MS methods showed good accuracy (%found of 81 % to 120 %), precision (≤20 %), and linearity (r>0.997) for all the studied drugs in spiked serum samples.
The pre‐Roman hilltop settlement of Monte Torretta di Pietragalla: preliminary results of the geophysical survey
Authors: Capozzoli Luigi , De Martino Gregory , Capozzoli Vincenzo , Duplouy Alain , Henning Agnes , Rizzo Enzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMonte Torretta (Pietragalla, PZ) represents one of the most interesting and less known settlements of ancient Lucania. The site was investigated in the last 50 years by several archaeological activities, but no result has been published so far. In order to study and disseminate the archaeological value of the site, the Université Paris 1 Panthéon‐Sorbonne and the Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin has established the joint Pietragalla Project. The project is based on a multidisciplinary approach, which aims at studying the settlement and at recovering the lost information obtained by the previous archaeological works. The first geophysical activities conducted on the site offer important results, which increase the knowledge of the site and will help the archaeologists in their future investigation. Through the comparison and integration of different geophysical methodologies, including ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and geomagnetic measurements, various information was obtained in proximity of the fortification walls and the two main gates of the site. Moreover, geological and geomorphological interpretations highlighted important information on the archaeological site. The obtained results show the importance of geophysical activities in a context strongly damaged by rural activities of the last century. From an archaeological point of view, the geophysical surveys conducted in 2017 and 2018 show a dense building activity within the area enclosed by the walls. Thanks to these results, we are now able to understand the settlement pattern in the longue durée, at the least for the western part of the infra‐muros area.