bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2020)
Authors: Alcantara Santos Otto Luiz 
Published: December 2019

Technology Focus
Fiber-optic technologies—distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS)—have been experiencing an increasing number of applications in the oil and gas industry as monitoring systems. In the area of well integrity, both technologies have been used in combination to monitor and evaluate qualitatively the cement placement and integrity in wells. An interesting technical article showing how these two technologies are used to monitor cement integrity in an actual well is selected as recommended additional reading. Ongoing research studies are also investigating casing deformation and downhole detection of hydro-carbon leakage.
The use of these two technologies seems to have a very promising future when considering well-control situations. One potential application of DTS and DAS technologies is being evaluated now at Louisiana State University (LSU) as a part of a 3-year research project currently under way under the auspices of a grant by the Gulf Research Program to investigate the gas-in-riser issue. A 5,000-ft actual well at LSU was recompleted recently and instrumented with DTS and DAS for continuous monitoring information along the well and downhole gauges to record pressure and temperature at four different depths. These instruments were clamped to the outside of the production tubing installed inside the experimental well. A gas-injection line also was run into the well to displace nitrogen to simulate gas-in-riser situations.
The data gathered by the downhole instruments are expected to shed light on well-control attributes such as gas velocity and distribution, two-phase-flow patterns, and gas breakout from solution in nonaqueous drilling fluid inside the marine riser. The viability of generating distributed pressure profiles from DTS and DAS data collected in the experiments also will be investigated. Undoubtedly, the research findings will help detect gas-in-riser situations earlier and monitor deepwater managed-pressure drilling operations that may allow for a controlled amount of gas inside the riser.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE/IADC 194553 Evolving Well-Control Procedures With Managed-Pressure Drilling on Floaters by Andre Alonso Fernandes, Petrobras, et al.
SPE/IADC 194145 Well-Control Incident in the North Sea as Interpreted With Advanced Gas-Influx Modeling by Jan Ole Skogestad, SINTEF, et al.
SPE 195678 Real-Time Well-Integrity Monitoring Using Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing by T. Raab, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, et al.
Long non-coding RNA PGM5-AS1 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by impairing miR-140-5p-mediated FBN1 inhibition
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Pengcheng , Gao Hang , Wang Xu , Yan Ming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma represents a uncommon tumor occurring in bone possessing elevated rate of incidence and reduced rate of healing. Hence, developing effective therapeutic modalities to treat osteosarcoma is essential. Various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are engaged in prognostic and diagnostic processes of diseases. Thus, we identified the molecular mechanism of lncRNA PGM5-AS1 in progression of osteosarcoma.Methods Microarray-based analysis was employed to screen the osteosarcoma-related differentially expressed lncRNA. PGM5-AS1 level in osteosarcoma tissues and cells as well as the levels of microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) and fibrillin-1 (FBN1) in osteosarcoma tissues were determined. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull-down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were done to find out the relation among PGM5-AS1, miR-140-5p, and FBN1. shRNA, mimic, or inhibitor was applied to alter the levels of PGM5-AS1, miR-140-5p, and FBN1 in osteosarcoma cells to investigate how they regulated migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. The nude mice were injected with osteosarcoma cell line with depleted PGM5-AS1 to detect the role of PGM5-AS1 in tumorigenesis in vivo.Results PGM5-AS1 possessing elevated level in osteosarcoma was identified as the differentially expressed lncRNA in osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma tissues exhibited low miR-140-5p expression and high FBN1 expression. Results confirmed that PGM5-AS competitively bound to miR-140-5p to upregulate FBN1. Also, hindering PGM5-AS1 and FBN1 or enforcing miR-140-5p dampened migration, invasion, and EMT of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, silencing PGM5-AS1 markedly inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo.Conclusion All in all, PGM5-AS1 depletion causes FBN1 reduction to retard osteosarcoma processes by negatively modulating miR-140-5p, highlighting PGM5-AS1 silencing as a biomarker for osteosarcoma management.
Analyze of Frequency Selective Surfaces By Hybrid MOM-PO-GTD Method
Authors: mendil samir , Aguili Taoufik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article intends to analyze the Diraction phenomena of the incoming wave and provide a new approach for analyzing the frequency selective surface (Fss) by using a hybrid method combining Moment Method (MoM), optical physics (PO) with General theory of Diffraction (GTD). the frequency selective surface (Fss) is a periodic surface with identical two-dimensional arrays of elements arranged on a substrate dielectric. An incoming plane wave will either be transmitted (bandwidth) or reflected (stopband), completely or partially, depending on the nature of the array element. Today, FSSs have been extensively studied and there is tremendous growth in its design and implementation for different applications at the microwave to optical frequency ranges. In this review article, we present a new hybrid method form on Moment method and GTD for analyzing different categories of FSS based on the design of the structure, the array elements used, and applications. We also focus on the effects of diffraction, methodology, experimental verications of design examples, as well as on prospects and challenges, particularly in the microwave regime. We highlight their important performance metrics, especially about progress in this area could facilitate advanced electromagnetic innovation.
Children’s respiratory infections in Tianjin, China: associations with home environments and life styles
Authors: Lv Da chao , Sun Yuexia , Hou Jing , Wang Pan , Zhang Qingnan , Sundell Jan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Children spend most of their indoors time at home. This study is to identify the incidences of respiratory infections among children and their associations with home environments and life styles. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the associations of home environments and lifestyles with respiratory infections among children aged 0-8 in the Tianjin area, China. Results: The lifetime-ever incidences of croup, tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia and ear infection among children aged 0-8 in Tianjin area was 9.2%, 0.7%, 28.7% and 11.6%. The incidence of common cold infections more than twice per year was 31.3%. Home environment and life styles were strong risk factors for childhood respiratory infections. Dry air perception had the greatest associations with childhood pneumonia (PAF=14.6%) and common cold (16.8%), while Cesarean delivery had the greatest association with croup (18.7%) and ear infection (18.5%). Daycare attendance accounted for 14.4% of the incidence of frequent common colds. Infrequent sun-curing bedding is a risk factor associated with pneumonia (11.2%), ear infection (17.1%) and frequent common colds (8.6%). Conclusions: Factors related to “modern” home environments and life styles are risks for childhood respiratory infections. Modifying such factors might reduce the respiratory infections among children.
Conservation Agriculture Increases Yields and Economic Returns of Potato, Forage, and Grain Systems of the Andes
Authors: Mosquera V.H. Barrera , Delgado J.A. , Alwang J.R. , López L.O. Escudero , Ayala Y.E. Cartagena , Andrade J.M. Domínguez , D'Adamo R. 
Published: December 2019

Physical and environmental vulnerability analysis conducted for the Illangama watershed located in Ecuador's Andean highlands, shows deteriorated soil quality and declining crop productivity. These problems are caused by soil erosion in steep slopes and inappropriate soil management practices. Research projects conducted from 2011 to 2014 adopted and examined the feasibility of conservation agriculture practices for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and vetch (Vicia sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), bean (Vicia faba L.), and a mixture of pastures (annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lam.], perennial ryegrass [L. perenne L.], orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata L.], white clover[Trifolium repens L.], and red clover [T. pratense L.]). The practices included surface water deviation ditches, reduced tillage, residue retention, and application of N, all within an improved rotation. The study examined crop yields and economic returns in an effort to identify the best practices. Results indicate that crop productivity and net (of cost of production) benefits of the system were increased as much as 25 and 24%, respectively, using a feasible conservation agriculture system compared to conventional practices. This study shows that conservation agriculture increases yields and saves on production costs due to less tillage. We also found that N fertilization with these conservation agriculture practices increases yields and net returns. This study concludes that conservation agriculture practices are good alternatives for these high‐altitude Andean soils. The practices should be promoted among Andean producers to increase the productivity and sustainability of their potato–grain–pasture systems.Core Ideas

The Andean region of Ecuador is critical for the country's food security.
Cultivation of high‐slope mountainous agriculture is accelerating erosion.
Conservation agriculture is an attractive management alternative.
Implementation of reduced tillage could contribute to higher net income for farmers.
These practices could benefit nearly 200,000 Ecuadorean farms.
Experimental study on secondary bearing mechanism of weakly cemented broken rock mass
Authors: Wang Ping , Feng Tao , Zhu Yongjian , Yu Weijian 
Published: December 2019

In order to study the secondary bearing mechanism of weakly cemented broken surrounding rock, the surface of granite, limestone and mudstone broken rock samples were poured by cement slurry, and the weakly cemented rock mass was formed by static pressure infiltration method, and then an uniaxial loading test was carried out. The results show that the weakly cemented broken rock mass has a certain bearing capacity, but the bearing capacity is low, and the dispersion is high. The secondary bearing capacity of weakly cemented rock mass is affected by factors such as broken rock strength, rock particle size and rock gradation. The larger the rock particle size and strength are, the higher the secondary bearing capacity of the weakly cemented rock mass is. The average bearing capacity of the mudstone weak cementation specimen is 18.77 kN, and the residual bearing capacity is 1.46 kN, and a dispersion coefficient is 0.34. The average bearing capacity of granite is 343.65 kN, and the residual carrying capacity is 25.81 kN, and a dispersion coefficient is 0.11. The average bearing capacity of limestone is 367.22 kN, and the residual carrying capacity is 22.78 kN, and a dispersion coefficient is 0.3. After a certain grading, the average residual secondary bearing capacity of the weakly cemented rock mass is obviously improved, and the dispersion coefficient of peak bearing capacity is reduced. The grading scheme 1 has an average peak carrying capacity of 330.06 kN, a residual carrying capacity of 34.56 kN, and a dispersion coefficient is 0.07. The averaging scheme 2 has an average peak carrying capacity of 297.8 kN, a residual carrying capacity of 29.86 kN, and a dispersion coefficient is 0.14. The cementation regeneration mechanism of the broken rock mass mainly includes the cement-bonding effect of the cement slurry inside and on the broken rock mass. Under the loaded condition, the internal load-bearing network of the broken rock mass is the main mechanism for the secondary load of the broken rock mass, and the stability of the force-chain network is affected by the constraint. After the loss of the confinement, the force chain network fails, and the residual secondary bearing mechanism of the weakly cemented broken rock mass is transformed into the friction between the broken rock masses in the residual core rock pillar.
Evaluation of Micro-RNA Levels, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients Recieving Chemotherapy
Authors: Kirhan Idris , Kas Fehmi , Taskiran Hüseyin , Buyukhatipoglu Hakan , Gönel Ataman , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to compare oxidative DNA damage
markers, apoptosis markers and changes in miRNA levels in patients diagnosed with cancer and
treated through chemotherapy. Our secondary objective was also to evaluate tumor responses that
can be determined after post-chemotherapy clinical evaluations by physical examinations,
laboratory results and radiological imagings, and to compare the clinical results to oxidative stress
and apoptosis markers and micro RNA levels.

Materials and Methods:
To do that we designed a prospective observational cross-sectional study.
A total of 34 cancer patients and 27 healthy controls were included in the study from the Harran
University School of Medicine Department of Oncology. Newly diagnosed chemotherapy or
radiotherapy naive patients without any chronic diseases were included into the study. Patients
with a poor performance status (ECOG 2 and 3) and patients who did not meet the inclusion
criteria were excluded. The cancer patients received chemotherapy according to their scheduled
periods. Blood samples were taken from the patients before the first chemotherapy course and
before the second chemotherapy round. Patients were called for toxicity control on the 10th day
after the chemotherapy. Pre-chemotherapy, post-chemotherapy and control group miR-29a
expression levels, change in apoptosis markers and oxidative DNA damage markers were obtained
and compared. We studied 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine, total oxidant status, total anti-oxidant
status, and oxidative status index for oxidative stress markers. We studied M30 and M65 as
apoptosis markers. Clinical results of efficiency of the chemotherapy was acquired and compared
to biochemical markers based on chemotherapy results. Chemotherapy toxicities were recorded.

Results:
As a result, we found oxidative DNA damage markers and apoptosis markers were high in
the cancer group, demonstrating that oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis might play a direct or
indirect role in cancer etiology. However, there were subtle differences between pre-chemotherapy
and post-chemotherapy levels. Mir-29a expressions were lower in cancer patients as compared to
controls. However, the expression levels were not significantly change in pre- and postchemotherapy
status. Moreover, we found no relationship between clinical status of patients
(progression and regression) and studied biochemical markers.

Conclusion:
Thus, checking for DNA damage markers and taking precautions to lower the levels
of these markers in individuals with cancer risk may be helpful in preventing cancer.
Live Impedance Measurements and Time-lapse Microscopy Observations of Cellular Adhesion, Proliferation and Migration after Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Skonieczna Magdalena , Adamiec Malgorzata , Hudy Dorota , Nieslon Patrycja , Fochtman Daniel , Bil Patryk 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Changes in the cellular behavior depend on environmental and intracellular
interactions. Cancer treatments force the changes, first on the molecular level, but the main visible
changes are macroscopic. During radiotherapy, cancer cell’s adhesion, proliferation and migration
should be well monitored. In over 60% of diagnosed cancers cases, patients are given treatments with
different protocols of radiotherapy, which result in possible metastasis and acute whole body response
to toxic radiation.

Objective:
Effectiveness of the therapy used depends on the sensitivity/resistance of irradiated cancer
cells. Cellular mechanisms of cancer protection, such as the activation of DNA damage and repair
pathways, antioxidants production and oxidative stress suppression during treatments are not desirable.
Cancer cells monitoring require the development of novel techniques, and the best techniques are
non-invasive and long-term live observation methods, which are shown in this study.

Methods:
In cancers, invasive and metastatic phenotypes could be enhanced by stimulation of proliferation
rate, decreased adhesion with simultaneous increase of motility and migration potential. For such
reasons, the Ionizing Radiation (IR) stimulated proliferation; migration with lowered adhesiveness of
cancer Me45 and normal fibroblasts NHDF were studied. Using impedance measurements technique
for live cells, the adhesion of cells after IR exposition was assessed. Additionally proliferation and migration
potential, based on standard Wound Healing assay were evaluated by timelapse microscopic
observations.

Results:
We found simulative IR dose-ranges (0.2-2 Gy) for Me45 and NHDF cells, with higher proliferation
and adhesion rates. On the other hand, lethal impact of IR (10-12 Gy) on both the cell lines
was indicated.

Conclusion:
Over-confluence cell populations, characterized with high crowd and contact inhibition
could modulate invasiveness of individual cells, convert them to display migration phenotype and advance
motility, especially after radiotherapy treatments.
The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Key Mediator of Albumin Handling and the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Korakas Emmanouil , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Markakis Konstantinos , Raptis Athanasios , Dimitriadis George , Lambadiari Vaia 
Published: December 2019

:The endothelial glycocalyx is a complex mesh of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and other soluble components, which cover the vascular endothelium. It plays an important role in many physiological processes including vascular permeability, transduction of shear stress and interaction of blood cells and other molecules with the vascular wall. Its complex structure makes its precise assessment challenging, and many different visualization techniques have been used with varying results. Diabetes, one of the main disease models where disorders of the glycocalyx are present, causes degradation of the glycocalyx through a variety of molecular pathways and especially through oxidative stress due to the action of reactive oxygen species. As the glycocalyx has been primarily studied in the glomerular endothelium, more evidence points towards a vital role in albumin handling and, consequently, in diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the maintenance or restoration of the integrity of the glycocalyx seems a promising therapeutic target.:In this review, we consider the structural and functional capacities of the endothelial glycocalyx, the available methods for its evaluation, the mechanisms through which diabetes leads to glycocalyx degradation and albuminuria, and possible treatment options targeting the glycocalyx.
Application of Silica Nanoparticles in the Determination of Herbicides in Environmental Water Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas , Rao Tentu Nageswara , Prashanthi Yarasani , Sridhar Vourse , Alshoaibi Adil , Souayeh Basma , Abuhimd Hatem , Ahmed Faheem 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Herbicides are very beneficial in the crop yield with the aid of controlling
weeds within the agriculture, but several herbicides are chronic in soil.

Objective:
In this study, nanoparticles and the packages of synthesized novel silica nanoparticles
were studied for the preconcentration of herbicides.

Methods:
These nanoparticles prepared by the Stöber mechanism were purified and functionalized.
Nanoparticles thus prepared successfully were used as supporting material for the preconcentration
of residues of herbicides in the water.

Results:
Preconcentration was achieved by preparing the silica-based solid-phase-extraction cartridges.
Nanoparticles used for this purpose were within the range of 50-250 nm. An SPE cartridge
was prepared by packing 200 mg of silica nanoparticle in the empty cartridge of diameter 5.5 cm and
length 0.6 cm in between PTFE frits. Aqueous solutions of 0.1 μg/ml of herbicides were prepared
separately, and 10 ml of the solution was passed through the cartridge at the rate of 0.2 ml/min. After
passing 10 ml volume of the aqueous solution, residues adsorbed on the cartridge were eluted using 2
ml of acetonitrile. The eluate was injected to determine the herbicide residue adsorbed on the SPE
cartridge.

Conclusion:
In the study, it was found that greater than 90% of the herbicide residues were trapped
on silica nanoparticle-based SPE cartridge. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous
determination of these herbicides. The residues were quantified by LC-MS/MS with ESI mode.