bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pressure pain threshold at the cervical and lumbar spine region in the group of professionally active nurses: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kołcz Anna , Jenaszek Karolina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The problem of spinal pain among nurses and lack of compliance with workplace ergonomy is increasing. The study aimed to assess the pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the cervical and lumbar spine in nursing staff.

Methods
The sample of this prospective and observational study consisted of 30 female nurses with a mean age of 38.6 ± 11.1 years. The standardized Oswestry (ODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used, as well as the Authors’ Designed Questionnaire (ADQ) was used to assess compliance with ergonomic principles. The PPT analysis using a computerized pressure algometer (CPA) was performed to examine the level of PPT.

Results
A mild disability was found in 56% of nurses (NDI and ODI). A value of &lt;4 kg/cm2 (CPA), indicating musculoskeletal overload was observed in 57% of subjects. Also, 60% of nurses work with a lying patient; 73.4% grabs the patient’s armpits while transferring in bed; 16.7% never adjusts the height of the bed, and only 13.4% choose specialist footwear for work. There is a correlation between PPT values for trapezius and erector spinae muscles on the same side of the body in nurses with mild and moderate disability (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Pain complaints are associated with lower PPT of trapezius and erector spinae muscles and asymmetry of muscle tension. Also, it was noted that the lack of implementation of ergonomic principles by nursing staff affects their degree of disability.
Dosimetric impact of rotational errors on the quality of VMAT‐SRS for multiple brain metastases: Comparison between single‐ and two‐isocenter treatment planning techniques
Authors: Prentou Georgia , Pappas Eleftherios P , Logothetis Andreas , Koutsouveli Efi , Pantelis Evaggelos , Papagiannis Panagiotis , Karaiskos Pantelis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeIn the absence of a 6D couch and/or assuming considerable intrafractional patient motion, rotational errors could affect target coverage and OAR‐sparing especially in multiple metastases VMAT‐SRS cranial cases, which often involve the concurrent irradiation of off‐axis targets. This work aims to study the dosimetric impact of rotational errors in such applications, under a comparative perspective between the single‐ and two‐isocenter treatment techniques.MethodsTen patients (36 metastases) were included in this study. Challenging cases were only considered, with several targets lying in close proximity to OARs. Two multiarc VMAT plans per patient were prepared, involving one and two isocenters, serving as the reference plans. Different degrees of angular offsets at various orientations were introduced, simulating rotational errors. Resulting dose distributions were evaluated and compared using commonly employed dose‐volume and plan quality indices.ResultsFor single‐isocenter plans and 1⁰ rotations, plan quality indices, such as coverage, conformity index and D95%, deteriorated significantly (>5%) for distant targets from the isocenter (at> 4–6 cm). Contrarily, for two‐isocenter plans, target distances to nearest isocenter were always shorter (≤4 cm), and, consequently, 1⁰ errors were well‐tolerated. In the most extreme case considered (2⁰ around all axes) conformity index deteriorated by on‐average 7.2%/cm of distance to isocenter, if one isocenter is used, and 2.6%/cm, for plans involving two isocenters. The effect is, however, strongly associated with target volume. Regarding OARs, for single‐isocenter plans, significant increase (up to 63%) in Dmax and D0.02cc values was observed for any angle of rotation. Plans that could be considered clinically unacceptable were obtained even for the smallest angle considered, although rarer for the two‐isocenter planning approach.ConclusionLimiting the lesion‐to‐isocenter distance to ≤4 cm by introducing additional isocenter(s) appears to partly mitigate severe target underdosage, especially for smaller target sizes. If OAR‐sparing is also a concern, more stringent rotational error tolerances apply.
A juvenile ALS‐like phenotype dramatically improved after high‐dose riboflavin treatment
Authors: Carreau Christophe , Lenglet Timothée , Mosnier Isabelle , Lahlou Ghizlene , Fargeot Guillaume , Weiss Nicolas , Demeret Sophie , Salachas François , Veauville‐Merllié Alice , Acquaviva Cécile , Nadjar Yann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRiboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) was recently characterized as a cause of genetic recessive childhood‐onset motor neuron disease (MND) with hearing loss, formerly described as Brown‐Vialetto‐Van‐Lear syndrome. We describe a 18‐year‐old woman with probable RTD mimicking juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) who presented with an inaugural respiratory failure and moderate distal four limbs weakness. Only one heterozygous SLC52A3 mutation was detected, but presence of a sub‐clinical auditory neuropathy and dramatic improvement under high dose riboflavin argued for a RTD. As RTD probably has a larger phenotypic spectrum than expected, a high dose riboflavin trial should be discussed in young‐onset MND.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Graphitic Nanoribbons Anchored on Graphene for Electroionic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Kotal Moumita , Tabassian Rassoul , Roy Sandipan , Oh Saewoong , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo achieve large bending displacement and fast response time under ultralow input voltages, as well as improved durability, advanced high‐performance ionic actuators still face crucial design challenges that must be resolved. Here, hierarchically porous and unzipped graphitic nanoribbons anchored on graphene as an efficient electrode material for high‐performance electroionic artificial muscles are reported. Using controlled solvothermal and pyrolysis methods, nanoarchitectured carbon is derived from a self‐templated potassium‐based metal–organic frameworks–graphene hybrid. The newly designed ionic actuator demonstrates excellent actuation performance, including large bending displacement (17.4 mm) and a strain difference of 0.51% at 0.5 V AC input, very fast response time (700 ms) at 0.5 V DC input, wide frequency response (0.1–15 Hz), and excellent cycling stability (92%) after 25 000 cycles without any delamination of electrodes under continuous electrical operation. The breakthrough in actuation performance mainly stems from the unzipping of hollow nanorods to hierarchical porous graphitic nanoribbons anchored on graphene with the enlarged surface area, large pore volume, stronger mechanical integrity, and emerging charge storage and transport ability. Further, the electroionic actuator shows promise when applied in the demonstration of a biomimicking Venus flytrap.
Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Jeon Sung Jae , Moon Doo Kyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe pursuit of low‐cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large‐scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low‐cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up‐to‐date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all‐small‐molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single‐component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low‐cost and large‐area OSCs.
Efficient All‐Optical Plasmonic Modulators with Atomically Thin Van Der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Guo Xiangdong , Liu Ruina , Hu Debo , Hu Hai , Wei Zheng , Wang Rui , Dai Yunyun , Cheng Yang , Chen Ke , Liu Kaihui , Zhang Guangyu , Zhu Xing , Sun Zhipei , Yang Xiaoxia , Dai Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAll‐optical modulators are attracting significant attention due to their intrinsic perspective on high‐speed, low‐loss, and broadband performance, which are promising to replace their electrical counterparts for future information communication technology. However, high‐power consumption and large footprint remain obstacles for the prevailing nonlinear optical methods due to the weak photon–photon interaction. Here, efficient all‐optical mid‐infrared plasmonic waveguide and free‐space modulators in atomically thin graphene‐MoS2 heterostructures based on the ultrafast and efficient doping of graphene with the photogenerated carrier in the monolayer MoS2 are reported. Plasmonic modulation of 44 cm−1 is demonstrated by an LED with light intensity down to 0.15 mW cm−2, which is four orders of magnitude smaller than the prevailing graphene nonlinear all‐optical modulators (≈103 mW cm−2). The ultrafast carrier transfer and recombination time of photogenerated carriers in the heterostructure may achieve ultrafast modulation of the graphene plasmon. The demonstration of the efficient all‐optical mid‐infrared plasmonic modulators, with chip‐scale integrability and deep‐sub wavelength light field confinement derived from the van der Waals heterostructures, may be an important step toward on‐chip all‐optical devices.
A General Strategy to Glassy M‐Te (M = Ru, Rh, Ir) Porous Nanorods for Efficient Electrochemical N2Fixation
Authors: Wang Juan , Huang Bolong , Ji Yujin , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Yin Rongguan , Zhu Xing , Li Youyong , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of nitrogen (N2) into value‐added ammonia (NH3) is highly desirable yet formidably challenging due to the extreme inertness of the N2molecule, which makes the development of a robust electrocatalyst prerequisite. Herein, a new class of bullet‐like M‐Te (M = Ru, Rh, Ir) glassy porous nanorods (PNRs) is reported as excellent electrocatalysts for N2reduction reaction (NRR). The optimized IrTe4PNRs present superior activity with the highest NH3yield rate (51.1 µg h−1mg−1cat.) and Faraday efficiency (15.3%), as well as long‐term stability of up to 20 consecutive cycles, making them among the most active NRR electrocatalysts reported to date. Both the N2temperature‐programmed desorption and valence band X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the strong chemical adsorption of N2is the key for enhancing the NRR and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction of IrTe4PNRs. Density functional theory calculations comprehensively identify that the superior adsorption strength of IrTe4adsorptions originates from the synergistic collaboration between electron‐rich Ir and the highly electroactive surrounding Te atoms. The optimal adsorption of both N2and H2O in alkaline media guarantees the superior consecutive NRR process. This work opens a new avenue for designing high‐performance NRR electrocatalysts based on glassy materials.
Designing “Supermetalphobic” Surfaces that Greatly Repel Liquid Metal by Femtosecond Laser Processing: Does the Surface Chemistry or Microstructure Play a Crucial Role?
Authors: Yong Jiale , Zhang Chengjun , Bai Xue , Zhang Jingzhou , Yang Qing , Hou Xun , Chen Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the wettability of liquid metal (LM) on a substrate is very different from the water wettability. Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic silicon and polydimethylsiloxane surfaces, respectively, are obtained by femtosecond laser processing and proper chemical modification. All of the structured surfaces have excellent LM repellence, that is, supermetalphobicity, in spite of superhydrophobicity or superhydrophilicity. The experimental comparison and contact model analysis reveal that surface microstructure actually plays a crucial role in endowing a surface with supermetalphobicity while surface chemistry has a little influence on the formation of supermetalphobicity, because the liquid/solid contact is replaced by a solid/solid contact mode for a LM droplet on a textured substrate. It is believed that the established principle for creating supermetalphobic surfaces will enable to accelerate the application progress of LM materials in flexible circuits and liquid robots.
Shale gas pad development planning under price uncertainty
Authors: Li Can , Eason John P. , Drouven Markus G. , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study shale gas pad development under natural gas price uncertainty. We optimize the sequence of operations, gas curtailment, and storage on a single pad to maximize the net present value. The optimization problem is formulated as an mixed‐integer linear programming model, which is similar to the one proposed by Ondeck et al. We investigate how natural gas price uncertainty affects the operation strategy in the pad development. Both two‐stage and multistage stochastic programming are used as the mathematical framework to hedge against uncertainty. Our case study shows that there is value of using stochastic programming when the price variance is high. However, when the variance of the price is low, solving the stochastic programming problems does not create additional value compared with solving the deterministic problem.
Elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung des Transports von Antibiotika durch äußere Membrankanäle in Gram‐negativen Bakterien in Gegenwart von Lipopolysacchariden
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Terrasse Rémi , Bafna Jayesh Arun , Benier Lorraine , Winterhalter Mathias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiple Antibiotikaresistenz bei Gram‐negativen Bakterien ist häufig mit einer reduzierten Permeabilität der Außenmembran verbunden. Hier quantifizieren wir den Beitrag von Membrankanälen bei der Aufnahme von Antibiotika. Hierzu untersuchen wir zwei Membrankanäle von E. coli, OmpF und OmpC. Diese werden jeweils in E. coli überexprimiert, äußere Membranvesikel (OMV) gesammelt und mit planaren Lipiddoppelschichten fusioniert. Das Verfahren erlaubt Membranproteinkanäle in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung zu charakterisieren. Jede OMV‐Fusion liefert nur einzelne oder wenige Kanalaktivitäten in der Lipidmembran. Die Asymmetrie der OMVs überträgt sich bei der Fusion in die Lipidmembran, wobei das Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) danach vorwiegend auf der Seite der OMV‐Zugabe vorhanden ist. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Rekonstitutionsverfahren zeigen die Kanäle, die aus LPS‐haltigen OMV fusioniert wurden, eine leicht reduzierte Ionenleitfähigkeit mit größerer Streuung und deutlich niedrigerer Permeation. Dieses Verfahren vereinfacht funktionelle und strukturelle Studien von Membrankanälen in nativen Membranen.
Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles
Authors: Crockett Michael P. , Wong Alexander S. , Li Bo , Byers Jeffery A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions between a variety of alkyl halides and unactivated aryl boronic esters using a rationally designed iron‐based catalyst supported by β‐diketiminate ligands are described. High catalyst activity resulted in a broad substrate scope that included tertiary alkyl halides and heteroaromatic boronic esters. Mechanistic experiments revealed that the iron‐based catalyst benefited from the propensity for β‐diketiminate ligands to support low‐coordinate and highly reducing iron amide intermediates, which are very efficient for effecting the transmetalation step required for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction.
Structure of a Protein–RNA Complex by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmed Mumdooh , Marchanka Alexander , Carlomagno Teresa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolid‐state NMR (ssNMR) is applicable to high molecular‐weight (MW) protein assemblies in a non‐amorphous precipitate. The technique yields atomic resolution structural information on both soluble and insoluble particles without limitations of MW or requirement of crystals. Herein, we propose and demonstrate an approach that yields the structure of protein–RNA complexes (RNP) solely from ssNMR data. Instead of using low‐sensitivity magnetization transfer steps between heteronuclei of the protein and the RNA, we measure paramagnetic relaxation enhancement effects elicited on the RNA by a paramagnetic tag coupled to the protein. We demonstrate that this data, together with chemical‐shift‐perturbation data, yields an accurate structure of an RNP complex, starting from the bound structures of its components. The possibility of characterizing protein–RNA interactions by ssNMR may enable applications to large RNP complexes, whose structures are not accessible by other methods.
Mechanistic Studies on the Insertion of Carbonyl Substrates into Cu‐H: Different Rate‐Limiting Steps as a Function of Electrophilicity
Authors: Tran Ba L. , Neisen Benjamin D. , Speelman Amy L. , Gunasekara Thilina , Wiedner Eric S. , Bullock R. Morris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report mechanistic studies on the insertion reactions of [(NHC)Cu(μ‐H)]2 complexes with carbonyl substrates by UV‐vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic kinetic studies, H/D isotopic labelling, and X‐ray crystallography. The results of these comprehensive studies show that the insertion of Cu‐H with an aldehyde, ketone, activated ester/amide, and unactivated amide consist of two different rate limiting steps: the formation of Cu‐H monomer from Cu‐H dimer for more electrophilic substrates, and hydride transfer from a transient Cu‐H monomer for less electrophilic substrates. We also report spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of rare Cu‐hemiacetalate and Cu‐hemiaminalate moieties from the insertion of an ester or amide into the Cu−H bond.
Solvent Molecule Cooperation Enhancing Lithium Metal Battery Performance at Both Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Yifang , Zhong Yiren , Wu Zishan , Wang Bo , Liang Shuquan , Wang Hailiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping electrolytes compatible with efficient and reversible cycling of electrodes is critical to the success of rechargeable Li metal batteries (LMBs). The Coulombic efficiencies and cycle lives of LMBs with ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate, ethylene sulfite (ES), and their combinations as electrolyte solvents show that in a binary‐solvent electrolyte the extent of electrolyte decomposition on the electrode surface is dependent on the solvent component that dominates the solvation sheath of Li+. This knowledge led to the development of an EC‐ES electrolyte exhibiting high performance for Li||LiFePO4 batteries. Carbonate molecules occupy the solvation sheath and improve the Coulombic efficiencies of both the anode and cathode. Sulfite molecules lead to desirable morphology and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase and extend the cycle life of the Li metal anode. The cooperation between these components provides a new example of electrolyte optimization for improved LMBs.
A Boron Nitride Nanosheets Composite Membrane for a Long‐Life Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Hu Jing , Yue Meng , Zhang Huamin , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe capability to maintain a constant system temperature is vital in nature, since it endows the system with enhanced lifetime. This trait also works for zinc‐based batteries, because their cycle‐life is limited by notorious zinc dendrite/accumulation, which are highly affected by the inhomogeneous distribution of temperature on electrode and relatively low mechanical strength of membrane. Herein, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with high mechanical strength serving as heat‐porter are introduced onto a porous substrate to enable uniform deposition of zinc and further a zinc‐based flow battery with long‐cycle life. The results indicate that BNNSs can effectively adjust the deposited zinc from needle‐like to French fries‐like morphology, thus affording the battery with a stable performance for nearly 500 cycles at 80 mA cm−2. Most importantly, an energy efficiency of above 80 % can be obtained even at 200 mA cm−2, which is by far the highest value ever reported among zinc‐based flow batteries.
Evaluation of UV‐induced embrittlement of PE‐HD by Charpy impact test
Authors: Erdmann Maren , Niebergall Ute , Wachtendorf Volker , Böhning Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact fracture behavior of two common high‐density polyethylene grades for container applications were intensively studied by the instrumented Charpy impact test after well‐defined exposure to UV‐irradiation. Individual stages of the impact event, such as crack initiation and crack propagation energy as well as maximum impact load, were investigated from the recorded load–deflection curves. UV‐induced material property changes were further investigated by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic‐mechanical analysis as well as density measurements. Based on the results of the Charpy impact test, three indicators were identified to describe the extend of photooxidation on high‐density polyethylene: (a) a reduced Charpy impact strength—at least to half of its initial value for a distinctly brittle impact fracture, (b) a marked decrease in the crack propagation contribution to the impact strength, and (c) an increase of the brittle features of the fracture surface.
Sepiolite grafted polypyrrole: Influence of degree of grafting on structural, thermal, and impedance properties of nanohybrid
Authors: Raza Asif , Tahir Mehwish , Nasir Amara , Yasin Tariq , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConductive pyrrole monomer was grafted on vinyl modified sepiolite by surface initiated emulsion graft polymerization. Effect of process variables such as monomer, initiator, and surfactant on degree of grafting (%) were investigated. Maximum 745% degree of grafting was obtained at optimized grafting conditions. Structural changes in sepiolite by grafting of polypyrrole chains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Surface morphology of the grafted nanohybrid was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal studies were carried out to acquire information concerning thermal stability of the synthesized materials and it was found increasing with the increase in grafting (%) of polypyrrole in sepiolite grafted polypyrrole (MS‐g‐PPy). Complex impedance spectroscopic analysis was carried out to study the effects of grafting of PPy on the ac electrical properties of synthesized nanohybrid composite at ambient temperature in the frequency range of 0.5–107 Hz. The value of electrical conductivity was affected by degree of grafting (%) and maximum value of 0.85 × 10−4 S/cm was achieved. Both dielectric loss factor and permittivity increase with the decrease of frequency exhibiting strong interfacial polarization at low frequency.