bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Coastline and Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Area of Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict, Semarang
Authors: Martuti N K T , Pribadi R , Dewi N K , Sidiq W A B N , Nugraha S B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict is one of the coastal areas in Semarang that has relatively dynamic conditions, which seen from the coastline and mangrove ecosystem changes within several years of observation. This study aims to observe coastline changes and the spatial distribution of mangrove ecosystems on the coast of Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict between 2005, 2012 and 2019. Land use n were obtained from visual interpretation of high-resolution digital globe satellite images from 2005, 2012, and 2019 which then tested the accuracy of land use interpretation through field observation and overlaid one another through vector analysis to find out the changes that have occurred. The study showed that the coastline changes were increasingly jutting towards the land in this range of time. This condition is affected by the port construction on the east coast of the Kendal Regency, which directly adjacent to the Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict. Meanwhile, the mangrove ecosystem has increased widely with relatively elongated and grouped spatial patterns. The increase that occurred as a manifestation of various coastal care activities in the form of mangrove planting activities carried out by several government agencies and private parties with a model of coastal community empowerment.
Mangrove governance: Establish a new paradigm of mangrove management “from village to the world”
Authors: Yonvitner  , Perdinan  , Agus S B , Rusrita G , Ramadhani R A , Akmal S G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are one of the main ecosystems in coastal areas that have high productivity that serves and support the productivity of fisheries resources. This high productivity is due to mangrove ecological functions of mangroves as a nursery ground, feeding ground, and spawning ground. In the global warming context, the mangrove ecosystem has served as a sink and storage carbon. Mangroves also play a process of disaster mitigation, especially to current and waves, erosion, and coastal abrasion. Mangrove, in functional status, will be able to protect the wave movement from sea to land. Except for tree density, the mangrove root’s shown an ability to protect waves from the sea. The effort to conserve and protect coastal areas from climate and tsunami can be started from the local community in the coastal. The local government that has close connectivity to the coastal ecosystem is a village particularly. This is a critical point to increase local coastal village, and then, the village autonomy according to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages to conserve the ecosystem and environment as the village’s responsibility. Thus, the village is no longer just managing the administration but also saving the environment and the world one of them through mangroves
Phytoremediation of liquid waste electroplating using Salvinia sp.
Authors: Hernayanti  , Lestari S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Liquid waste of chromium electroplating can cause water pollution if not treated. The negative impact of chromium can be minimized with water weeds such as Salvinia molesta and Salvinia natans. The objective of this research was to compare the effectiveness between S. molesta and S. natans as a phytoremediator and the best time exposure. The research design was Randomized Completely Block Design. The main plot was the biomass of S. molesta and S.natans 50 g (B1), 100 g (B2), and 150 g (B3). The subplot was the time of exposure, which consists of 1 day (T1), 6 days (T2), and 12 days (T3). There were 24 treatment combinations, and each treatment was repeated three times. Observed parameters include Cr in water, pH, DO, and TSS. Data were analyzed by Anova and followed by Tukey’s test. This research showed that both S. molesta and S. natans were effective in decreasing Cr in water and TSS in the opposite increase of pH and DO. The most effective treatment was biomass of Salvinia 150 g and 12 days of time exposure. Both of S. molesta and S.natans can be used as phytoremediators to improve water quality, while S. molesta is more effective than S.natans. Biomass of S. molesta 150 g and 12 days were effective treatments to improve the water quality of chromium electroplating.
Synthesized micro-theoretical analysis of performance of magnetorheological fluids subjected to shear mode operation: transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics
Authors: Chen Song , Yang Jing , Huang Jin , Zhang Bo , Cai Tianwu , Wang Dongchuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to formulate a synthesized micro-theoretical analysis that consists of transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics for the evaluation of the performance of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) subjected to the shear mode operation. To begin, based on the magnetic dipole theory and the typical micro-structure of MRFs, the shear yield stress of MRFs is analyzed considering the contribution of the magnetic force, excluded-volume force and viscous force. Then, an improve micro-structure of MRFs that is in correspondence with the actual observation is built, and the slip power of MRFs per unit area that takes into account the friction of the particles, walls and carrier liquid is investigated. Moreover, the sedimentation characteristic of MRFs described by the sedimentation velocity of the particles with the coating is analyzed based on the Stokes’ rule. The main influencing factors, such as the magnetic field intensity, the volume fraction of particles, the radius of particles, the coating thickness, the shear strain and the shear strain rate, etc, are taken into account in the micro-theoretical analysis, and the effects of these factors on the transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics of MRFs are investigated respectively. It shows that the micro-theoretical analysis can describe these characteristics of MRFs accurately and reasonably, and can effectively be utilized for the initial design and optimization of the performance of MRFs and the useful guidance on the external control of magnetorheological transmission devices.
Infill selection for 3D printed radiotherapy immobilisation devices
Authors: Asfia Amirhossein , Deepak Basaula , Novak James I , Rolfe Bernard , Kron Tomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
3D printing provides new opportunities to create devices used during radiotherapy treatments, yet little is known about the effect process parameters play on the proposed devices. This study investigates the combined influence of infill pattern, infill density and print orientation on surface dose, as well as on the mechanical properties of 3D printed samples, identifying the optimal infill patterns for use in radiotherapy devices including immobilisation. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) was used to produce sixty samples in two orientations for surface dose measurement, utilising ten different infill patterns. Surface dose testing was performed using a Varian Trubeam linear accelerator with a 6 MV photon beam. A further one hundred and twenty tensile test samples, designed according to ASTM D638 type I standards, were evaluated using a 50 KN Instron 5969. On average, horizontally printed samples had a lower surface dose measurement compared to the vertically orientated samples, with the Stars infill pattern recording the lowest surface dose values in the horizontal orientation, while the Hilbert Curve recorded the lowest surface dose in the edge orientation. Tensile tests revealed the 3D Honeycomb infill pattern to have the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in both horizontal and edge orientations. Overall, the Stars infill pattern exhibited the optimal balance of low surface dose and above average UTS. This study shows how infill patterns can significantly affect dosimetry and mechanical performance of 3D printed radiotherapy devices, and the data can be used by design engineers, clinicians and medical physicists to select the appropriate infill pattern, density and print orientation based on the functional requirements of a radiotherapy device.
Quantum-feedback-controlled macroscopic quantum nonlocality in cavity optomechanics
Authors: Luo Yaqin , Tan Huatang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a continuous measurement and feedback scheme to achieve strong Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering and Bell nonlocality of two macroscopic mechanical oscillators in cavity optomechanics. Our system consists of two optomechanical cavities in which two cavity fields are coupled to each other via nondegenerate parametric downconversion. The two cavity output fields are subject to continuous Bell-like homodyne detection and the detection currents are fed back to drive the cavity fields. It is found that when the feedback is absent, the two mechanical oscillators can only be prepared in steady weakly entangled states which however do not display EPR steering and Bell nonlocality, due to the so-called 3 dB limit. But when the feedback is present, it is found that the mechanical entanglement is considerably enhanced such that strong mechanical steering and Bell nonlocality can be obtained in the steady-state regime. We analytically reveal that this is because the feedback drives the mechanical oscillators into a steady approximate two-mode squeezed vacuum state, with arbitrary squeezing in principle. It is shown that the feedback can also obviously improve the purity of the nonclassical mechanical states. The dependences of the mechanical quantum nonlocality on the feedback strength and thermal fluctuations are studied, and it is found that Bell nonlocality is much more vulnerable to thermal noise than EPR steerable nonlocality.
Calibrated Kelvin-probe force microscopy of 2D materials using Pt-coated probes
Authors: Castanon Elisa G , Fernández Scarioni Alexander , Schumacher Hans W , Spencer Steve , Perry Richard , Vicary James A , Clifford Charles A , Corte-León Héctor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nanoscale characterization techniques are fundamental to continue increasing the performance and miniaturization of consumer electronics. Among all the available techniques, Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides nanoscale maps of the local work function, a paramount property related to many chemical and physical surface phenomena. For this reason, this technique has being extremely employed in the semiconductor industry, and now is becoming more and more important in the growing field of 2D materials, providing information about the electronic properties, the number of layers, and even the morphology of the samples. However, although all the collective efforts from the community, proper calibration of the technique to obtain reliable and consistent work-function values is still challenging. Here we show a calibration method that improves on current procedures by reducing the uncertainty. In particular, it allows grading probes more easily, thus being a tool to calibrate and to judge calibration in itself. The calibration method is applied to optimize Pt-coated probes, which are then used to characterize the work function of a 2D material, i.e. graphite flakes. The results demonstrate that the metallic probes are stable over time and exposure to high humidity levels, and that the calibration allows comparing measurements taken with several different probes on different samples, thus completely fulfilling the requirement of a good calibration method.
Hyper-Legalism and Obfuscation: How States Evade Their International Obligations Towards Refugees
Authors: Ghezelbash Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This Article examines how wealthy democratic states evade and avoid their international obligations towards refugees. The focus is on two strategies. The first is hyper-legalism—an overly formalistic bad-faith approach to interpreting international law. The second is obfuscation, which involves secrecy about what actions the government is taking and deliberate silence as to the purported legal justifications. The discussion is illustrated with examples from the United States, Australia, and Europe. The Article concludes with a discussion of possible tactics for resisting these strategies and holding governments accountable for their actions.
Production of donor-derived eggs after ovarian germ cell transplantation into the gonads of adult, germ cell-less, triploid hybrid fish†
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Yoshino Tasuku , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Ino Yasuko , Yazawa Ryosuke , dos Santos Nassif Lacerda Samyra Maria , Takeuchi Yutaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In animals, spermatogonial transplantation in sterile adult males is widely developed; however, despite its utility, ovarian germ cell transplantation is not well developed. We previously showed that the interspecific hybrid offspring of sciaenid was a suitable model for germ cell transplantation studies as they have germ cell-less gonads. However, all these gonads have testis-like characteristics. Here, we tested whether triploidization in hybrid embryos could result in germ cell-less ovary development. Gonadal structure dimorphism and sex-specific gene expression patterns were examined in 6-month-old triploid hybrids (3nHybs). Thirty-one percent of 3nHybs had germ cell-less gonads with an ovarian cavity. cyp19a1a and foxl2, ovarian differentiation-related genes, were expressed in these gonads, whereas dmrt1 and vasa were not expressed, suggesting ovary-like germ cell-less gonad development. Some (26%) 3nHybs had testis-like germ cell-less gonads. Ovarian germ cells collected from homozygous green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic blue drum (BD) (Nibea mitsukurii) were transplanted into 6-month-old 3nHybs gonads via the urogenital papilla or oviduct. After 9 months, the recipients were crossed with wild type BD. Among the six 3nHyb recipients that survived, one female and one male produced fertile eggs and motile sperm carrying gfp-specific DNA sequences. Progeny tests revealed that all F1 offspring possessed gfp-specific DNA sequences, suggesting that these recipients produced only donor-derived eggs or sperm. Histological observation confirmed donor-derived gametogenesis in the 3nHyb recipients’ gonads. Overall, triploidization reduces male-biased sex differentiation in germ cell-less gonads. We report, for the first time, donor-derived egg production in an animal via direct ovarian germ cell transplantation into a germ cell-less ovary.
Life History and Rearing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an Egg Parasitoid of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Broadley Hannah J , Gould Juli R , Sullivan Liam T , Wang Xiao-yi , Hoelmer Kim A , Hickin Mauri L , Elkinton Joseph S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To support efforts to manage and contain spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), research is being conducted to develop classical biological control methods. To date, two potential biocontrol agents from China have been identified: an egg parasitoid, Anastatus orientalis, and a nymphal parasitoid, Dryinus sinicus Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). The research detailed here focuses on investigating the biology and rearing of A. orientalis to assess its potential efficacy in a biocontrol program and optimize its rearing. Female wasps lived significantly longer than male wasps (68 and 23 d, respectively) and females produced an average of 94 total progeny that successfully emerged as adults, with most progeny produced between weeks one and four of the females’ lives. The sex ratio of the progeny, with no re-mating, was initially highly female-biased but became progressively more male-biased, likely due to sperm depletion. There was no evidence of additional mortality to SLF eggs from wasp host feeding, but the data were highly variable and the sample size was small. There was high parasitoid emergence when oviposition conditions mimicked mid-September Beijing temperature and photoperiod; however, there was little emergence under 25°C and long-day conditions because most progeny entered a diapause. Storage of parasitized eggs in 5°C chill lowered parasitoid emergence rates. Lastly, there was no evidence that storing field-collected SLF egg masses in 5°C for 10 mo prior to parasitization affected parasitism rates. These findings inform our rearing protocol for A. orientalis and facilitate our testing of this species as a potential biological control agent for SLF.
Gunsight sutures significantly reduce surgical-site infection after ileostomy reversal compared with linear sutures
Authors: Li Chuang-Kun , Liang Wei-Wen , Wang Huai-Ming , Guo Wen-Tai , Qin Xiu-Sen , Zhao Jie , Zhou Wen-Bin , Li Yang , Wang Hui , Huang Rong-Kang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgical-site infection (SSI) was one of the most common post-operative morbidities of ileostomy reversal. Although several skin-closure procedures had been developed to reduce the rate of SSI, the optimal procedure remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effect of two surgical techniques for wound closure following ileostomy reversal: gunsight suture (GS) and linear suture (LS).

Methods
A total of 233 patients who underwent loop ileostomy at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled into our study. These patients were divided into two groups: the LS group and the GS group. We compared the clinical characteristics between the two groups and analyzed the data using IBM SPSS to identify risk factors for SSI.

Results
Both groups successfully underwent surgery. The rate of SSI was significantly lower in the GS group (n = 2, 0.02%) than in the LS group (n = 16, 12.00%, P = 0.007). The length of hospital stay after the operation in the GS group was significantly shorter than that in the LS group (8.1 ± 3.2 vs 10.8 ± 5.4 days, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that GS was an independent protective risk factor for SSI (odds ratio = 0.212, P = 0.048).

Conclusions
Compared with the LS technique, the GS technique can significantly decrease the rate of SSI and shorten the length of hospital stay after surgery. The GS technique may be recommended for wound closure following ileostomy reversal.
Thermodynamic assessment and performance optimization of solid oxide fuel cell-Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis desalination
Authors: Shakouri Omolbanin , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Gord Mahmood Farzaneh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fuel cells are chemical energy converted to electric energy, which is today a new technology in energy production. Among the existing fuel cells, solid fuel oxide cells have a high potential for use in synthetic and combined production systems due to their high temperature (700–1000°C). The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) output acts as a high-temperature source, which can be used for heat engines such as the Stirling engine as a high-temperature heat source. A hybrid system including solid oxide fuel cell and Stirling engine and reverse osmosis desalinating is a cogeneration plant. This system includes two parts for power generation; the first part is power generated in the SOFC, and the second part is that with use of heat rejection of solid oxide fuel cell to generate power in the Stirling engine. Also, due to the water critical situation in the world and the need for freshwater, it is very common to use desalination systems. In this study, important goals such as power density and exergy destruction, and exergy efficiency, have been investigated. In general, the performance of the hybrid system has been investigated. Firstly, a thermodynamic analysis for all components of the system and then multi-objective optimization performed for several objective functions include exergy destruction density, exergy efficiency, fuel cell power and freshwater production rate. The present optimization is performed for two overall purposes; the first purpose is to improve fuel cell output power, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction density, and the second purpose is to improve the exergy efficiency, the amount of freshwater production and exergy destruction density. In this optimization, three robust decision-making methods TOPSIS, LINMAP and FUZZY are used. Two scenarios are presented; the first scenario is covering power, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction density. The output power and exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction density, have optimum values in the TOPSIS method’s results. The values are 939.393 (kW), 0.838 and 1139.85 (w/m2) respectively. In the second scenario that includes the freshwater production rate, the exergy destruction density and exergy efficiency, three objective functions are at their peak in the FUZZY results, which are 5.697 (kg/s), 7561.192 (w/m2) and 0.7421 respectively.
The role of economics and the type of legal standards in antitrust enforcement by DGCOMP: an empirical investigation
Authors: Katsoulacos Y , Makri G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We empirically investigate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the role of economics in antitrust enforcement by EC’s Competition Authority (DGCOMP), by constructing and measuring indicators capturing the extent and type of economics used in reaching infringement decisions between 1992 and 2016.
This allows us to identify the legal standards (LSs) adopted in assessing different conducts and their evolution and compare these to their theoretically optimal level, thus capturing the quality of enforcement. On average, economic analysis plays a modest role in investigations, with little analysis to substantiate consumer harm or to account for efficiencies, for conducts for which effects-based would be the appropriate LS. However, there is a consistent and significant improvement over time in the quality of enforcement in abuse of dominance cases, with effects-based LSs adopted in recent years. This contrasts to earlier findings and questions recent views, by indicating that DGCOMP has been influenced by the significant progress that economic analysis of antitrust has made in recent decades. Results on how LSs adopted affect the outcome of the judicial review (the rate of decision annulment) do not support the hypothesis that this increases as LSs move closer to effects-based.
Misdiagnosis: Burnout, moral injury, and implications for the electronic health record
Authors: Williams Marc S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBurnout is a long-term stress reaction marked by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lack of sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout in clinicians is receiving significant attention. Some have proposed that clinicians are experiencing symptoms of moral injury, defined as “perpetrating, failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations.” Current efforts to improve the electronic health record (EHR) have focused on improving the user experience to reduce burden that has been identified as a contributing factor to provider burnout. However, if EHRs are contributing to moral injury, improvements to user experience will not eliminate the effects on providers. Current research has not evaluated the risk for moral injury resulting from the use of EHRs. This Perspective reviews the differences between burnout and moral injury, discusses the implications for clinicians using EHRs, and highlights the need for research to better define the problem.