bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the Chicken Embryo in the Assay of Afiatoxin Toxicity
Authors: Verrett M Jacqueline , Marliac Jeax-Pierre , Mclaughlin Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The possibility of using the chicken embryo as a test organism for the assay of aflatoxin toxicity has been investigated and found to be feasible. The injections of test solutions were made before incubation, in fertile White Leghorn eggs, by either of two routes: yolk or air cell. The development of the embryos was observed for the full 21 day incubation period. The vehicle for all injections was propylene glycol.
The injection of solutions of pure aflatoxins B2 and G1, and of extracts of aflatoxin-producing mold cultures indicated that the chicken embryo was sensitive to these compounds. A doseresponse was exhibited in that the toxicity of the samples was related to the mortality at the time of hatching.
Extracts of aflatoxin-free peanut products were found to be nontoxic to the chicken embryo. The addition of aflatoxin B1 to such uncontaminated extracts produced the expected toxicity in the embryos. The injection of extracts from contaminated peanut products resulted in a toxic response that correlated well with that obtained by injection of pure anatoxin Bt solutions at the same dose levels, and in most instances the chemical analysis was confirmed. The presence of anatoxins G1, B2, and G2 had no apparent effect on the toxicity due to aflatoxin B1, at the levels at which they occurred in the particular samples tested.
The separation of aflatoxin B1 from contaminated extracts by thin-layer chromatography, and its subsequent elution from the plates and injection into the eggs, confirmed that the toxicity of these extracts was due primarily to their aflatoxin B1 content.
Collaborative Study of Colorimetric Determination of Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Phosphorus, and Titanium in Liming Materials with Supplementary Reports on Methods for Silicon
Authors: Chichilo P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The following determinations were studied collaboratively: Al with ammonium aurintricarboxylate (Aluminon); Fe with 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ); Mn by oxidation to permanganate with KI04; P by a heteropoly blue method; and Ti with disodium-1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulf onate (Tiron). Sample solutions were prepared by HCIO4 digestion or NaOH fusion. Reports were received from 11 collaborators. Eight of these reported all 5 elements, 2 reported 4 elements, and 1 reported 2 elements. Eight collaborators also reported Si. Standard deviations and mean errors are acceptable, and it is recommended that the methods be adopted as official, first action.
The Vacuum Oven Method for Free Water in Fertilizers. I. Ruggedness Tests. II. Collaborative Study
Authors: Caro Joseph H , Heinly Noiibert A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ruggedness tests revealed that the only experimental variable to which results in the vacuum oven method were sensitive was the oven temperature. The allowable temperature range within the oven chamber was less than 5°C. The range was specified as 3°C in the procedure which was studied collaboratively. The collaborative results showed the vacuum oven method to be as precise as the official vacuum desiccation method. Since it is also more rapid, the vacuum oven method was recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Separation of Various Forms of Nitrogen in Fertilizers
Authors: O’Neal J M , Clark K G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed in which both a cation and an anion resin are used to separate the various forms of nitrogen in fertilizers. By this method troublesome phosphate ion is removed from the urea-containing solution, thereby making it possible to determine urea directly without the double-precipitation procedure required in AOAC method 2.055. The proposed cation-anion exchange column procedure makes it possible to determine the water-soluble amnionic, nitric, and amidic forms of nitrogen rapidly, accurately, and directly.
Thin-Layer Chromatography for Organo Thiophosphate Pesticide Residue Determination
Authors: Kovacs Martin F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for organo thiophosphate residue analysis. Compounds are resolved and identified on plates of aluminum oxide G with methylcyclohexane as mobile solvent and either 15 or 20% N,N-dimethylformamide as immobile solvent. A highly specific and sensitive chromogenic reagent (tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester, AgN03, and citric acid) reacts with sulfur-containing phosphate esters which are detected at 0.05 μg, or less, for 11 of the 14 compounds examined. As little as 0.05 ppm of Diazinon, Trithion, Systox (thiono), malathion, and parathion were identified in the presence of kale, lettuce, and strawberry extracts. The method is approximately 20 times more sensitive than comparable paper chromatographic techniques.
Determination of Herbicides in Oils
Authors: Yip George 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed which will determine 2,4-D, 2,3,6-TBA, MCPA, PCP, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-T, and 2,4,5-TP in vegetable oils. The method involves extraction of 50 g oil with sodium bicarbonate solution, acidification, and extraction of the herbicides with chloroform. After esterification with diazomethane, the residue is analyzed by programmed temperature gas chromatography. Recoveries were better than 90% in the range 0.02-0.08 ppm. Commercial oils were analyzed and were found to be free from these herbicide residues.
An Investigation of the Oscillopolarography of DDT and Certain Analogs
Authors: Gajan Raymond J , Link James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When DDT and its analogs are polarographed on a cathode ray polarograph under certain experimental conditions, only those analogs that contain the trichloroethane group are reduced at the dropping mercury electrode. p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, methoxychlor, and Kelthane give well-defined waves, while TDE, Perthane, DDE, and the TDE olefin produce no response. Methods are described for the analysis of high purity DDT, technical grade DDT, formulations, and residues.
Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Ion Exchange Identification of Radioactive Organic and Inorganic Arsenicals
Authors: Overby L R , Bocchieri S F , Fredrickson R L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Paper chromatograpliic, paper electrophoretic, and ion exchange methods were developed for qualitative and quantitative estimation of arsenate-As74, arsenite-As74, and arsanilic-As74 acid. The methods were also applicable to closely related organic arsenicals. The high energy of the isotope permitted detection and identification of trace quantities of the arsenicals present in biological specimens.
Dimetridazole in Feeds by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: Daftsios A C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dimetridazole absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet region of tbe spectrum. This property was vised to develop an analytical procedure for the drvig in feeds. In the procedure, a portion of feed is extracted in hot methanol, chromatographcd in methanol and in aqvieous solutions on alumina to remove interferences, and read on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 318 mμ. Average per cent recoveries from two feeds containing 0.015 and 0.060% Dimetridazole were 102.3 and 98.9%, respectively; standard deviations were 2.42 and 2.56, respectively.
Determination of Carbon Dioxide in Lightly Carbonated Wine
Authors: Morrison Robert L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At present there are three first action methods for the determination of carbon dioxide in lightly carbonated wine: (1) manometric, (2) volumetric, and (3) enzymatic volumetric. The enzymatic volumetric method, published in 1962 and collaboratively studied in 1962 and 1963, is recommended for adoption as official, final action. Several changes are recommended for the manometric method. The volumetric method was not studied extensively.
Cuprethol Procedure for the Determination of Copper in Clear Distilled Alcoholic Products
Authors: Strenk Duane H , Andreasen A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The copper content of clear alcoholic products, e.g., spirits, gin, vodka, unaged whisky distillates, etc., can be rapidly determined by measuring the color intensity produced by adding cuprethol reagent to the sample. The absorbance of the cupriccuprethol complex measured at 433 mμ is not affected by alcohol concentration.
Chromatographic Detection of Flavor Additives in Vanilla Extract
Authors: Kahan S , Fitelson J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A second collaborative study was conducted on a thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of flavor additives, adopted as official, first action last year. Fifteen collaborators reported successfully on the presence of added flavoring materials in fovir unknown samples. Some collaborators found significant variations in the activity of the Silica Gel G used to make the thin-layer plates, and a precautionary statement has been inserted in the method to detect svich inactive or overactive reagents. As a result of this study, the thin-layer method has been recommended for adoption as official, final action.
Critical Review of Methods for Analysis of Oleoresins
Authors: Stahl William H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oleoresins represent a type of flavoring material that is being used in ever increasing quantities. On the other hand, it is a poorly defined group of products, and the majority of analytical methods used in characterizing them, such as volatile oil by steam distillation, refractive index, optical rotation, are relatively meaningless; additionally, some of the specific component analyses, such as “heat” and capsicum (organoleptic), piperine (calculated from analysis of nitrogen) in pepper, curciimin (color value) of the paprika, are inadequate in their precision and accuracy. Deficiencies of these methods are discussed, and the value of newer instrumental methods of analyses, such as infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectrometry, gas chromatography, and thinlayer chromatography, are illustrated.
Further Study of a Modified Mold Count Method for Tomato Catsup
Authors: Wildman J D , Troy V S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mold counts on samples of catsup diluted and mixed with an equal volume of stabilizer solution have generally been lower than counts on the corresponding undiluted sample. The amount of reduction in count, however, has not been predictable. The first member of the Poisson equation, e−m, has been used to predict the count on diluted samples. A smooth curve, similar to that obtained from counts on diluted samples, has been developed from this equation. ounts predicted from the curve are in good agreement with actual values. It is recommended that further study be made of the Poisson equation as applied to mold counts.
Infrared Determination of Ethyl Nitrite in Spirits
Authors: Look James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method of assay was tried for ethyl nitrite in spirits, based on IR absorbance between 5.5 and 7.0 μ in chloroform solution. Conditions, such as temperature and proportion of alcohol to chloroform in sample, standard, and blank, must be made as closely identical as possible. Experiments indicate that ethyl alcohol, when dissolved in chloroform, shows a prominent peak at 6.17 μ, in the same region as the nitrite group (6.3–6.4 μ). Since the ethyl alcohol in ethyl nitrite spirits has approximately the same infrared absorbance peak as the ethyl nitrite, this procedure does not appear practical.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Codeine in Terpin Hydrate Elixir
Authors: Milos Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the proposed method for codeine in terpin hydrate elixir, p-toluenesulfonic acid and a sample of elixir are incorporated as a stationary phase on a partition chromatogram. Elution with large quantities of ether removes everything but the codeine-p-toluenesulfonic acid complex, which is eluted with chloroform-acetic acid in four steps. The complex is passed over a column containing NaHCO3 as stationary phase, yielding the isolated codeine. Codeine is determined quantitatively from absorption at 278 mμ. The average recovery of codeine reported by the collaborators was 99%.
Determination of Dihydrocodeinone in Mixtures with Antihistamines. II. Methapyrilene
Authors: Levine Joseph , Doyle Thomas D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official procedure for dihydrocodeinone in mixtures with antihistamines gives high results with commercial samples containing methapyrilene. Two impurities which cause this failure have been separated from commercial methapyrilene. Both are separated from dihydrocodeinone in a Celite:1N succinic acid partition column, giving quantitative recovery of pure dihydrocodeinone.
Ammonia as an Index of Decomposition in Crabmeat
Authors: Burnett James L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method, based upon the color reaction between NH3, thymol, and bromine, uses ammonia as an index of decomposition in fresh or frozen crabmeat. The color is extracted into re-butyl alcohol and net absorbance is determined by subtracting absorbance at 475 mμ. from that at 682 mμ. Sensitivity is about 1 ppm NH3. The method is very rapid and requires no special apparatus. Samples of crabmeat decomposed under controlled conditions were examined and graded organoleptically. Ammonia content was determined and found to increase uniformly and rapidly with spoilage. Good reproducibility and low results were obtained on fresh crabmeat. Ammonia can be detected by the method before spoilage can be detected organoleptically.
Collaborative Study of the Photometric Molyb do vanadate Method for Phosphorus
Authors: Heckman Mary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sixteen laboratories analyzed five feed samples, with phosphorus levels ranging from about 0.60 to 5.50% by the photometric molybdovanadate method studied in 1963 (This Journal, 46, 836 (1963)), and by either the volumetric method, 22.061, or the gravimetric quinoline molybdate method (ibid., 47, 170 (1964)), both of which have some official status. Eight sets of results based on the volumetric method and eight based on the gravimetric method were available. Means for all methods were in good agreement. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation were satisfactory for all methods, indicating superiority of both volumetric and gravimetric methods over the photometric method. Calculation of standard deviations for the entire range tested, however, showed the photometric method to be superior to the volumetric method and inferior to the gravimetric. The molybdovanadate method was adopted as official, first action.
Spectral-Chromatographic Procedure for Caffeine
Authors: Borker Emanuel , Sloman Katherine G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A spectral-chromatographic procedure for the determination of caffeine, based on a modification of the Levine procedure, was submitted for collaborative study. Results from eight collaborators indicate that the method is accurate for coffee products and a beverage sirup. For decaffeinated soluble coffee the method is more accurate and more precise than the Bailey-Andrew methods. However, it is not as precise as the Bailey-Andrew methods for regular soluble coffee or for roasted and ground coffee.
Vacuum Sublimation Cleanup Procedure for Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Farrow Richard P , Elkins Edgar R , Beacham Lowrie M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vacuum sublimation at pressures less than 2 μ and at a temperature of 85°C has been used as a cleanup method to prepare pesticide residue extracts for detection and estimation by gas-liquid chromatography. Most of the 35 pesticide compounds tested could be sublimed from spinach and other food product extractives in analytically useful amounts. Gas chromatographic columns used on these sublimates performed well for long periods before becoming contaminated with plant materials. Some materials can be cleaned up sufficiently for thinlayer or paper chromatography, but in most instances supplementary cleanup is required before these methods can be applied to sublimates. In two years of use on a number of sample materials, vacuum sublimation proved to be a useful addition to the selection of cleanup methods available for residue analysis.
Isolation and Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Cottonseed Meals
Authors: Engebrecht R H , Ayres J L , Sinnhuber R O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the isolation and determination of aflatoxins in commercial samples of cottonseed meal has been devised. Meal samples were defatted with hexane and the aflatoxins removed from the meal by acetone extraction. The pigments and residual lipids were removed from the acetone by nitration of the cold solution. The anatoxin was further isolated by evaporating the acetone and redissolving the residue in hot methanol. After cooling, the insolubles were discarded and the methanol-soluble materials taken up in chloroform. The chloroform solution was spotted on silicic acid thin layer chromatographic plates along with suitable anatoxin standards. After development with 9:1 (v/v) chloroform :acetone, the chromatographic plates were examined under ultraviolet light. Four of the eight cottonseed meals examined contained fluorescent material chromatographically similar to aflatoxin B1 in amounts varying from 19 to 186 parts per billion (ppb). The identity of the material in the 186 ppb sample was verified as aflatoxin by duckling bioassay. Trials using rainbow trout confirmed the chemical findings. These trout experiments will be described in detail in another report.
Collaborative Study of a Proposed Method for the Determination of Primary and Subsidiary Dye Components of D&C Red No. 21 (Tetrabromofluorescein)
Authors: Koch L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The method proposed by Hanig and Koch, This Journal, 46, 1010 (1963), was studied collaboratively. Recoveries of total dye ranged from 90.45 to 106.32%. The method will be studied further to obtain cleaner and more sharply defined color zones and to see whether fluorescence can be minimized.
Separation of Synthetic Organic Colors in Lipsticks by Thin-Layer Chromatography for Quantitative Determination
Authors: Silk Rachel S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Thin-layer chromatographic procedures have been developed by which most of the colors present in current commercial lipsticks can be separated. Most lipstick colors are separated on one plate with two solvent systems, but the presence of D&C Red No. 7 requires a slightly altered procedure. A plate with a buffered zone is added and an additional development step is used. The color recovery was determined by the analyses of 16 lipsticks from four manufacturers.
A Rapid and Specific Method for the Determination of ZnO in Various Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Romano A , Turczan J , Polito M V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method was devised to determine ZnO polarographically. Studies were made on commercial preparations and known mixtures to determine the accuracy of the method. Recoveries from a known mixture averaged 98.1–101.2%. The method is as accurate as the official procedure, more specific, and less time-consuming.
New Colorimetric Method for the Determination of the Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Baby Foods
Authors: Kamm Len , Mckeown G G , Smith D Morison 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in foods will accurately determine concentrations as low as 1 ppm. 1-Naphthylamine is diazotized by nitrite and coupled with excess amine to give 4-(lnaphthylazo)-l-naphthylamine. The compound is extracted into CHCI3, the extract is acidified with methanol-hydrochloric acid, and absorbance is measured at 555 mµ. Nitrate is quantitatively reduced by passage through a cadmium column and determined as nitrite; nitrite passes through the column unaltered. Therefore, in samples containing both forms of nitrogen, nitrate is determined by difference. The method was applied to 194 samples of baby foods. Spinach, beets, wax beans, squash, “garden vegetables,” green beans, carrots, and “mixed vegetables” were found to contain, on the average, more than 20 ppm nitrate nitrogen.
Interlaboratory Comparison of the Official AOAC Ester Determination for Alcoholic Beverages with a Colorimetric Method
Authors: Blessinger E T , Laroe E G , Conner H A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official AOAC ester determination, 9.030, was compared with a colorimetric method for measuring the concentration of esters in Bourbon whisky. The colorimetric procedure involves the reaction of the esters with hydroxylamine to form hydroxamic acids, which are reacted with ferric ions to form a colored complex that can be measured colorimetrically. An analysis of variance shows that the colorimetric determination is more precise than the official method. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two methods. Since the colorimetric procedure does not involve a hydrolysis step, it requires less time than the AOAC method.
Use of an Ion Exchange Resin in the Determination of Isoniazid (INH) in the Presence of p-Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS)
Authors: Fan M C , Wald Waltraud G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed which removes PAS with the ion exchange resin from the PAS-INH mixture. The ingredients could then be assayed spectrophotometrically. When applied to commercial products containing buffers, this method gave results comparable to those of the AOAC method.
Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples
Authors: Cummings J G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pesticide residue data are presented on a total diet sample, which was collected at Baltimore, Md. in May 1964. The analytical methods employed, which included electron capture and microcoulometric gas-liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, could detect more than 20 chlorinated pesticides, 7 herbicides, parathion, methyl parathion, carbaryl, and total bromides. The results parallel the findings on previous market basket samplings except that residues of the 2,4-D herbicide-type were detected for the first time.
Chemical Determination of Calcium Pantothenate
Authors: Hubbard Willard D , Hintz Mary E , Libby David A , Sutor Roger P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A chemical method for the determination of calcium pantothenate in pharmaceutical preparations is presented. The method involves a number of modifications of a method of Zappala and Simpson to make it applicable to a wide variety of materials. The pantothenate molecule is cleaved with acid, and the resultant β-alanine is treated with a chlorinating solution and then with potassium iodide. The free iodine is measured spectrophotometrically at 358 mμ. Interfering color, which cannot be eliminated by washing off the outer coating of tablets, is taken into account by the use of a sample blank. The results, obtained from many types of pharmaceutical samples, are in good agreement with the official microbiological assay. Beer's law is followed over a suitable working range, 0.25–1.50 mg.
Yeast Folate Availability to Man Determined Microbiologically on Human Bioassay Samples
Authors: Schertel Max E , Libby David A , Loy Henry W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The folate activity in the urine of male subjects has been determined microbiologically following oral intake of synthetic pteroyl-L-glutamic acid (PGA). and/or yeast products. The excretion of folates from dried brewer’s yeast shows availability to man of from 22 to 31% based on the PGA excretion pattern. Folates from a concentrate of yeast (yeast extract) were found to be only 8% available by this method. By using a differential microbiological assay on urine samples, evidence has been obtained for the systemic conversion of PGA to N5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.