bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Psychometric Properties of a Compassionate Care Questionnaire for Nurses
Authors: Tehranineshat Banafsheh , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Torabizadeh Camellia , Fararouei Mohammad , Gillespie Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Compassionate care is emphasized within professional ethics codes for nursing and is a key indicator of care quality. The purpose of this study was to design and assess the psychometric properties of a compassionate care instrument for nurses.Methods: This methodological study was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases from February 2016 to October 2018. The first phase was composed of a qualitative study using a content analysis approach to explain the concept of compassionate care through interviewing nurses, patients and family caregivers. The original draft of the questionnaire was developed using qualitative findings and a subsequent review of literature. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS v.16 software.Results: According to the results of the qualitative phase and review of literature, 80 items were extracted. In the quantitative phase, face and content validity led to retaining 40 items. In construct validity, 28 items with a factor load above 0.4 were retained. Convergent validity showed a moderate correlation coefficient between the questionnaire and the nurses' caring behaviors tool (r = 0.67, P = 0.01). Reliability of the 28-item questionnaire using the calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the intra-class correlation coefficient were reported as 0.91 and 0.94 for the whole questionnaire, respectively.Conclusion: The questionnaire had an appropriate validity and reliability for measuring nurses' compassionate care. Therefore, the instrument can be used to measure and report the quality of nursing care.
Innovative Strategies For Providing Menstruation-Supportive Water, Sanitation And Hygiene (Wash) Facilities: Learning From Refugee Camps In Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Schmitt Margaret L , Wood Olivia R. , Clatworthy David , Rashid Sabina Faiz , Sommer Marni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Identification of Plant Leaf Phosphorus Content at Different Growth Stages Based on Hyperspectral Reflectance
Authors: Siedliska Anna , Baranowski Piotr , Pastuszka-Woźniak Joanna , Zubik Monika , Krzyszczak Jaromir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Modern agriculture strives to sustainably manage fertilizer for both economic and environmental reasons. The monitoring of any nutritional (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) deficiency in growing plants is a challenge for precision farming technology. A study was carried out on three species of popular crops, celery (Apium graveolens L., cv. Neon), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L., cv. Tapir) and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne, cv. Honeoye), fertilized with four different doses of phosphorus (P) to deliver data for non-invasive detection of P content. Results: Data obtained via biochemical analysis of the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in plant material showed that the strongest effect of P availability for plants was in the diverse total chlorophyll content in sugar beet and celery compared to that in strawberry, in which P affects a variety of carotenoid contents in leaves. The measurements performed using hyperspectral imaging, obtained in several different stages of plant development, were applied in a supervised classification experiment. A machine learning algorithm (Backpropagation Neural Network, Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine) was developed to classify plants from four variants of P fertilization. The lowest prediction accuracy was obtained for the earliest measured stage of plant development. Statistical analyses showed correlations between leaf biochemical constituents, phosphorus fertilization and the mass of the leaf/roots of the plants. Conclusions: Obtained results demonstrate that hyperspectral imaging combined with artificial intelligence methods has potential for non-invasive detection of non-homogenous phosphorus fertilization on crop levels.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on influenza vaccine during pregnancy in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Carlos E. , Erazo Carlos V. , Grijalva Mario J. , Moncayo Ana L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses in pregnant women and their children. In Ecuador, the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women is low. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women toward influenza vaccination in Quito-Ecuador.Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 842 women who delivered at three main public gynecological-obstetric units of the Metropolitan District of Quito. A questionnaire regarding demographics, antenatal care, risk conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices related to influenza vaccination was administered. We examined factors associated with vaccination using log-binomial regression models.Results: A low vaccination rate (36.6%) against influenza was observed among pregnant women. The factors associated with vaccination included the recommendations from health providers (adjusted PR: 15.84; CI 95% 9.62-26.10), belief in the safety of the influenza vaccine (adjusted PR: 1.53; CI 95% 1.03-2.37) and antenatal care (adjusted PR: 1.21; CI 95% 1.01-1.47). The most common reasons for not vaccinating included the lack of recommendation from health care providers (73.9%) and lack of access to vaccine (9.0%).Conclusions: Health educational programs aimed to pregnant women and antenatal care providers have the most potential to increase influenza vaccination rates. Further studies are needed to understand the barriers of health care providers regarding influenza vaccination in Ecuador.
Long-term Outcomes of Intervention between Open Repair and Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Aortic Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Son Shin-Ah , Jung Hanna , Cho Joon Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The long-term complication rates of open repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) have not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term outcomes and aortic reintervention rates between open repair and TEVAR in patients with descending thoracic aortic diseases.
Methods
Between January 2002 and December 2017, 230 patients with descending thoracic aortic disease underwent surgery. Among them, 45 patients underwent open repair and 91 underwent TEVAR treatment at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The primary end points were in-hospital mortality, and short-term complications. The secondary end points were long-term mortality and reintervention rates. Based on the propensity score matching, 35 patients who underwent open repair were matched to 35 patients who underwent TEVAR (ratio = 1:1).
Results
The mean follow-up period was 70.2 ± 51.9 months. Shorter intensive care unit and hospital stay were seen in the TEVAR group than in the open repair group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, in-hospital mortality, and spinal cord ischemia were not significantly different among the two groups (p = 0.068 and p = 0.211 before matching, p = 0.303 and p = 0.314 after matching, respectively). The cumulative all-cause death and aorta-related death showed no significant difference (p = 0.709 and p = 0.734 before matching, p = 0.888 and p = 0.731 after matching, respectively). However, aortic reintervention rates were higher in the TEVAR group than in the open repair group before and after propensity score matching (p = 0.006 and p = 0.013, respectively).
Conclusion
The TEVAR group was superior in short-term recovery results but had higher reintervention rates compared to the open repair group. However, there was no significant differences between the groups in long-term survival.
Synchronous or sequential cementless bilateral total hip arthroplasty for osseous ankylosed hips with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mou Ping , Zeng Nan Wei , Chen Yu , Zhou Zongke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bilateral osseous ankylosed hips with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a challenging procedure. No literature compares the clinical outcomes of synchronous and sequential bilateral THA of these special patients.
Methods
23 patients (46 hips) were retrospectively analyzed and classified into receiving bilateral THA synchronously (group A) and receiving bilateral THA sequentially (group B). The clinical measurement, radiological assessments and complications were compared. Independent sample T test were used for data analysis.
Results
Harris Hip Scores (HHS) improved greatly for both groups (P = 0.58) as well as the range of motion (P = 0.64). But group B can realize shorter time (3.6 ± 1.2 days) to walk for the first time postoperatively (P = 0.02). The group A need more blood transfusions (P = 0.028). For group A, no statistic difference was found in bilateral inclination of cup (IC) (P = 0.48) and femoral offset (FO) (P = 0.07). For group B, no statistic difference was observed in bilateral IC (P = 0.37) but in bilateral FO (P = 0.04). The group A showed fewer difference of bilateral IC (P = 0.02), while comparative measurements for two groups in the difference of bilateral FO (P = 0.78) and leg length discrepancy (P = 0.83). For group A, one patient encountered femoral fracture intraoperatively and one patient encountered hip dislocation and delay union of wound as well as three hips encountering heterotopic ossification (HO). For group B, only three hips encountered HO.
Conclusion
Cementless bilateral THA was a safe and effective technique to improve hip function for patients diagnosed with osseous ankylosed hip due to AS. Synchronous bilateral THA can realize good clinical outcomes and more superior radiographic evaluation compared to sequential bilateral THA.
Effect of vitamin A on intestinal mucosal injury in pediatric patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy: a quasai-randomized trial
Authors: Pattanakitsakul Ploy , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Pakakasama Samart , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Vitamin A is involved in maintenance of gut mucosal integrity and normal immune function. However, it is unclear whether these functions of vitamin A have any beneficial effects in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we aimed to examine the potential protective effect of vitamin A supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal integrity in HSCT recipients using plasma citrulline as a surrogate marker of intestinal integrity.
Results
We performed a quasi-randomized trial in 30 pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. Half (n = 15) of the patients received a single high dose of vitamin A (200,000 IU) before the conditioning regimen was given, and half (n = 15) did not. Clinical data of patients who developed post-transplant complications were recorded for 60 days after HSCT. There were no significant differences in mean plasma citrulline levels on day 7 after HSCT between the treatment and control groups (5.8 vs. 5.9 µmol/L, respectively). The incidence of mucositis and other complications were not different between the two groups within 60 days of HSCT. Vitamin A supplementation prior to HSCT in pediatric patients had no clinical benefit in protecting GI mucosal integrity.
Consequences of traditional management in the production and quality of copal resin (Bursera bipinnata (Moc. &amp; Sessé ex DC.) Engl.) in Mexico
Authors: Abad-Fitz Itzel , Maldonado-Almanza Belinda , Aguilar-Dorantes Karla María , Sánchez-Méndez Luis , Gómez-Caudillo Leopoldo , Casas Alejandro , Blancas José , García-Rodríguez Yolanda Magdalena , Beltrán-Rodríguez Leonardo , Sierra-Huelsz José Antonio , Cristians Sol , Moreno-Calles Ana Isabel , Torres-García Ignacio , Espinosa-García Francisco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Copal is a resin of ritual uses in Mexico, extracted from several species of trees of the genus Bursera. The effect of traditional management on phenotypical traits of copal trees has not been sufficiently studied. This research analyzed the traditional management and human selection on populations of Bursera bipinnata, and their influence on the quantity and quality of the resin produced by wild and managed trees.Method Management of copal were documented through semi-structured interviews and workshops. Samples of 60 trees from six wild and managed populations were selected to quantify the production of resin during two consecutive years. Fresh resin was collected to identify organic volatile compounds through gas chromatography and Principal Components Analysis (PCA); individuals were classified according to the amount and type of organic compounds produced.Results We identified management strategies from simple harvesting to seeds planting. The criteria for selecting managed trees and seeds are based on the quantity and quality of the resin produced and on higher quantity of resin yield per tree, which were much higher in managed than in wild trees: 190.17 ± 329.04 g vs 29.55 ± 25.50 g, and 175.88 ± 179.29 g vs 63.05 ± 53.25 g for the production seasons of 2017 and 2018, respectively. Twenty organic volatile compounds were identified and the PCA showed that managed trees produce higher percentages of compounds associated with scent.Conclusion Traditional management of Bursera bipinnata involves selective pressures, which generate differentiation of wild and managed trees that may represent incipient domestication through of silvicultural management.
The Type VI Secretion System of Xanthomonas Phaseoli pv. Manihotis is Involved in Virulence and in vitro Motility
Authors: Benavides Nathaly Andrea Montenegro , Borrero Alejandro Alvarez , Ortiz Mario Luis Arrieta , Rodriguez-R. Luis Miguel , Rozo David Octavio Botero , R. Javier Felipe Tabima , Mosos Luisa Fernanda Castiblanco , Beltran Cesar Trujillo , Restrepo Silvia Restrepo , Bernal Adriana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze the evolution of the T6SS in the genus Xanthomonas and evaluate its importance of the T6SS for virulence and in vitro motility in Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of bacterial blight in cassava (Manihot esculenta). We delineate the organization of the T6SS gene clusters in Xanthomonas and then characterize proteins of this secretion system in Xpm strain CIO151. Results: We describe the presence of three different clusters in the genus Xanthomonas that vary in their organization and degree of synteny between species. Using a gene knockout mutagenesis, we also found that vgrG and hcp are required for maximal aggressiveness of Xpm on cassava plants while clpV is important for both motility and maximal aggressiveness. Conclusion: We characterized the T6SS in 15 different strains in Xanthomonas and our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the T6SS might have been acquired by a very ancient event of horizontal gene transfer and maintained through evolution, hinting at their importance for the adaptation of Xanthomonas to their hosts. Finally, we demonstrated that the T6SS of Xpm is functional, and significantly contributes to virulence and motility. This is the first experimental study that demonstrates the role of the T6SS in the Xpm-cassava interaction and the T6SS organization in the genus Xanthomonas.
Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis
Authors: Mboera Leonard E.G. , Kishamawe Coleman , Rumisha Susan F. , Chiduo Mercy G. , Kimario Evord 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of non-communicable disease mortality in hospitals of Tanzania from 2006-2015.Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals in Tanzania. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. Variables collected were deceased’s age, sex, cause and date of death. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Results: A total of 247,976 deaths were reported during the 10 years (2006–2015) in 39 hospitals. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and injuries. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of deaths due to NCDs. The majority (57.6%) of deaths due to NCD occurred among males. Overall, the total deaths from NCDs increased by 153.3% from 4,298 in 2006 to 10,886 in 2015. The age group 15-59 years (53.4%) was the most affected category. The overall 10-year annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 235.2 per 100,0000 population. It was higher for males (287.2/100,000) than for females (186.7/100,000). The annual ASMR increased from 11.9 in 2006 to 36.5 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Most of the NCD deaths occurred in the secondary (40.0%) and primary level hospitals (27.8%). There were variations in the type of non-communicable diseases by geographical distributions. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths due to NCD and injuries affected the productive young adult group and males. The burden caused by NCD in the most productive ages means that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania must invest in early detection and timely treatment of NCDs to reduce premature deaths.
Association Between Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Ramezan Marjan , Farhadnejad Hossein , Asghari Golaleh , Tahmasebinejad Zhaleh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine the association of dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRS) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among an Iranian population.Methods: We followed-up 2076 ≥ 20 years old participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008), who were initially free of CKD for 5.98 years. Dietary diabetes risk reduction score was calculated on the basis of scoring eight components using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. CKD was deﬁned as eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess association between the quartiles of DDRRS and incidence of CKD.Results: Mean±SD age of the study population (53% women) was 37.6±12.61 years. A total of 357 incident cases of CKD were reported. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of DDRRS was 20 (18-22). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, total energy intake, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, and physical activity, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of DDRRS were 33% less likely to have CKD (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48-0.96, P for trend: 0.043).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the DDRRS-style diet can decrease the risk of incident CKD in adult population.
Photosynthates Predominantly Symplasmic Phloem Unloading Maintained the Efficient Biomass Accumulation in Storage Root of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Pan Kun , Lu Cheng , Nie Peixian , Hu Meizhen , Zhou Xincheng , Chen Xin , Wang Wenquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: It is well known that cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) high efficient accumulates starch in its storage root underground, but how the photosynthates transported from leaves to the phloem, especially unloaded into the parenchymal cell of storage root remains unclear.Methods: Here, we investigated the phloem unloading pattern of sucrose and its impact to the development of storage root in cassava through microstructural and physiological analyses, trace of carboxyfluorescein (CF) and Isotope C14. Identification of expression profiling of the genes involved in symplasmic and apoplasmic transport and their correlation with storage root yield in population by enzymatic activity, western blotting analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing.Results: The carbohydrates are transported mainly as form of sucrose with above 54.6% measured with stem phloem instantly. The sucrose was predominantly symplasmic unloading from phloem into storage root, but there was a shift from apoplasmic to symplasmic unloading accompanied by the onset of root swelling. Microstructure statistics revealed the plasmodesmata enriched among sieve, companion and parenchyma cells in the developing storage root of cultivated variety but not in a wild ancestor. Tracing test with CF verified exist of coplastid channel and [14C]Suc demonstrated that the sucrose marked could rapid diffusion into root parenchyma cells from phloem cells. The higher expression of genes and proteins for SuSys in storage root at middle and late stage but not in early stage of storage root, primary fibrous root and second fibrous root, and the inversely expressed pattern of SUTs, CWI and SAI in these corresponding organs supported that there are a symplasmic sucrose unloading pathway. The transcriptomic pattern of genes involved in symplasmic unloading and their significantly positive correction with starch yielding in population level confirmed it is vital important that the symplasmic sucrose transport in developing storage root of cassava. Conclusions: In the study, we uncovered a predominantly symplasmic phloem unloading pattern of sucrose in the storage root of cassava. And this advantage is essential to efficient starch accumulation for sucrose transports between a high yield variety to low yield wild ancestor.