bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetition as Rebirth: A Sung Epitaph for Gautier De Coinci
Authors: Quinlan Meghan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The thirteenth-century prior and poet-musician Gautier de Coinci is known for his extravagant wordplay, which relies on the recursive patterning of verbal sound. This article considers Gautier’s penchant for sonic repetition in the light of the music that frames his book of miracles, focusing on the song Por mon chief reconforter, a chanson à refrain written in the voice of an aging Gautier coming to terms with his imminent death. The song’s exclusion from Frederic Koenig’s standard edition of the Miracles means it has received little scholarly attention, yet its earliest source is linked with Gautier’s original exemplar. The article examines how repeated musico-poetic forms—within the stanza, between stanzas, and in the more temporally extended repetition of contrafacture—interact with notions of temporality and mortality voiced in the song’s texts and contexts, suggesting that such structures reshape the experience of time into one that is less linear, and therefore less final.
Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares
Authors: Nathanail Antonios , Fromm Christian M , Porth Oliver , Olivares Hector , Younsi Ziri , Mizuno Yosuke , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the main dissipation processes acting on all scales in relativistic jets is thought to be governed by magnetic reconnection. Such dissipation processes have been studied in idealized environments, such as reconnection layers, which evolve in merging islands and lead to the production of ‘plasmoids’, ultimately resulting in efficient particle acceleration. In accretion flows on to black holes, reconnection layers can be developed and destroyed rapidly during the turbulent evolution of the flow. We present a series of two-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of tori accreting on to rotating black holes focusing our attention on the formation and evolution of current sheets. Initially, the tori are endowed with a poloidal magnetic field having a multiloop structure along the radial direction and with an alternating polarity. During reconnection processes, plasmoids and plasmoid chains are developed leading to a flaring activity and hence to a variable electromagnetic luminosity. We describe the methods developed to track automatically the plasmoids that are generated and ejected during the simulation, contrasting the behaviour of multiloop initial data with that encountered in typical simulations of accreting black holes having initial dipolar field composed of one loop only. Finally, we discuss the implications that our results have on the variability to be expected in accreting supermassive black holes.
TESS photometry of extreme helium stars PV Tel and V821 Cen
Authors: Jeffery C Simon , Barentsen Geert , Handler Gerald 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
PV Tel variables are extreme helium (EHe) stars known to be intrinsic light and velocity variable on characteristic time-scales of 0.1–25 d. With two exceptions, they are best described as irregular. Light curves have invariably been obtained from single-site terrestrial observatories. We present Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations of two bright EHe stars, Popper’s star (V821 Cen) and Thackeray’s star (PV Tel). PV Tel is variable on time-scales previously reported. V821 Cen is proven to be variable for the first time. Neither light curve shows any evidence of underlying regularity. Implications are considered.
New Methods to Calculate Concordance Factors for Phylogenomic Datasets
Authors: Minh Bui Quang , Hahn Matthew W , Lanfear Robert 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We implement two measures for quantifying genealogical concordance in phylogenomic data sets: the gene concordance factor (gCF) and the novel site concordance factor (sCF). For every branch of a reference tree, gCF is defined as the percentage of “decisive” gene trees containing that branch. This measure is already in wide usage, but here we introduce a package that calculates it while accounting for variable taxon coverage among gene trees. sCF is a new measure defined as the percentage of decisive sites supporting a branch in the reference tree. gCF and sCF complement classical measures of branch support in phylogenetics by providing a full description of underlying disagreement among loci and sites. An easy to use implementation and tutorial is freely available in the IQ-TREE software package (http://www.iqtree.org/doc/Concordance-Factor, last accessed May 13, 2020).
Functional characterization of the human tRNA methyltransferases TRMT10A and TRMT10B
Authors: Vilardo Elisa , Amman Fabian , Toth Ursula , Kotter Annika , Helm Mark , Rossmanith Walter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The TRM10 family of methyltransferases is responsible for the N1-methylation of purines at position 9 of tRNAs in Archaea and Eukarya. The human genome encodes three TRM10-type enzymes, of which only the mitochondrial TRMT10C was previously characterized in detail, whereas the functional significance of the two presumably nuclear enzymes TRMT10A and TRMT10B remained unexplained. Here we show that TRMT10A is m1G9-specific and methylates a subset of nuclear-encoded tRNAs, whilst TRMT10B is the first m1A9-specific tRNA methyltransferase found in eukaryotes and is responsible for the modification of a single nuclear-encoded tRNA. Furthermore, we show that the lack of G9 methylation causes a decrease in the steady-state levels of the initiator tRNAiMet-CAT and an alteration in its further post-transcriptional modification. Our work finally clarifies the function of TRMT10A and TRMT10B in vivo and provides evidence that the loss of TRMT10A affects the pool of cytosolic tRNAs required for protein synthesis.
Assessment of Talaromyces Marneffei Infection of the Intestine in Three Patients and a Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Pan Mianluan , Huang Jie , Qiu Ye , Zeng Wen , Li Zhangcheng , Tang Shudan , Wei Xuan , Zhang Jianquan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Hematogenous dissemination of Talaromyces marneffei can result in multiorgan involvement (skin, lung, and reticuloendothelial system involvement); however, few studies have reported intestinal T marneffei infections. We investigated clinical features, management, and patient outcomes concerning Talaromyces-related intestinal infections.

Methods
Patients with Talaromycosis between August 2012 and April 2019 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients presenting with intestinal Talaromycosis and endoscopy-confirmed diagnoses were investigated. We also undertook a systematic review of the relevant English and Chinese literature.

Results
Of 175 patients diagnosed with Talaromycosis, 33 presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and 31 underwent stool cultures, 1 of which tested positive. Three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms and negative stool cultures, and endoscopic tissue biopsy confirmed a pathological diagnosis. A systematic review of 14 reports on human Talaromycosis identified an additional 16 patients. Fever, weight loss, and anemia were the most common symptoms, along with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. Abdominal computed tomography showed intestinal wall edema and thickening and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy. Endoscopy showed erosion, hyperemia, edema, and multiple intestinal mucosal ulcers. Of the 19 patients, 16 received antifungal therapy, 14 of whom recovered and 2 died. Three patients received no therapy and died.

Conclusions
Gastrointestinal disseminated Talaromycosis is not rare and can affect the stomach, duodenum, and colon, and may involve the entire digestive tract. Colon is the most common site. Endoscopy is needed for patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms in T marneffei-infected endemic areas. Systemic application of effective antifungal therapy can improve the prognosis.
Non-waivability in Labour Law
Authors: Davidov Guy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Non-waivability is considered a basic principle of labour law. In most cases, it is needed to protect employees against coerced waivers. But what if an employee genuinely wants to waive some labour right, for example in return for a higher salary? This article explains why non-waivability is generally justified even against the wishes of employees, for reasons of paternalism, harm to others and second-order justifications. At the same time, in some cases, there is room for intermediate solutions, which can be used to better respect the autonomy of employees and achieve additional benefits without undermining the goals of labour laws. The article employs this analysis to examine two concrete issues by way of example: waiving of ‘employee’ status and the individual opt-out from maximum weekly hours. In the latter context, while I critique the current law, I argue that some form of conditional waiver could be acceptable.
Investigation of contact binaries in the field of NGC 6811
Authors: Li Xu-Zhi , Liu Liang , Zhang Xu-Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Contact binary systems are very important for studying physical processes such as strong interactions between stars, mass transfer, and stellar merger. Further, the members of an open cluster have the same age, metal abundance, and interstellar extinction conditions. Therefore, we can conduct a comparative study on the different binary systems of the same open cluster. NGC 6811 is an observed intermediate-aged, slightly reddened open cluster in the Kepler field of view; we conducted a corresponding study on the contact binary systems in this cluster. We analyzed six suspected targets and found a total of five EW-type binary systems within a field of 40′ radius of the NGC 6811 cluster center. These targets were analyzed base on the Kepler data, and the corresponding system parameters were obtained by using the latest version of the Wilson–Devinney code. Further, we also used Gaia DR2 data and the cluster distance data to estimate the absolute parameters of these targets to determine whether they are members of the cluster. Finally, we determined that two targets (KIC 9470175 and KIC 9533706) are most likely cluster members; KIC 9957411 and KIC 9776718 are definitely not members of the cluster, just background stars.
Changes in Perceived Stress After Yoga, Physical Therapy, and Education Interventions for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Berlowitz Jonathan , Hall Daniel L , Joyce Christopher , Fredman Lisa , Sherman Karen J , Saper Robert B , Roseen Eric J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivePerceived stress and musculoskeletal pain are common, especially in low-income populations. Studies evaluating treatments to reduce stress in patients with chronic pain are lacking. We aimed to quantify the effect of two evidence-based interventions for chronic low back pain (cLBP), yoga and physical therapy (PT), on perceived stress in adults with cLBP.MethodsWe used data from an assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, which recruited predominantly low-income and racially diverse adults with cLBP. Participants (N = 320) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of yoga, PT, or back pain education. We compared changes in the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) from baseline to 12- and 52-week follow-up among yoga and PT participants with those receiving education. Subanalyses were conducted for participants with elevated pre-intervention perceived stress (PSS-10 score ≥17). We conducted sensitivity analyses using various imputation methods to account for potential biases in our estimates due to missing data.ResultsAmong 248 participants (mean age = 46.4 years, 80% nonwhite) completing all three surveys, yoga and PT showed greater reductions in PSS-10 scores compared with education at 12 weeks (mean between-group difference = −2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.5 to −0.66, and mean between-group difference = −2.4, 95% CI = −4.4 to −0.48, respectively). This effect was stronger among participants with elevated pre-intervention perceived stress. Between-group effects had attenuated by 52 weeks. Results were similar in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsYoga and PT were more effective than back pain education for reducing perceived stress among low-income adults with cLBP.
The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Hallucinations, and Emotional Reactivity on Delusional Ideation
Authors: Wright Abigail C , Coman Drew , Deng Wisteria , Farabaugh Amy , Terechina Olga , Cather Corinne , Fava Maurizio , Holt Daphne J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
A large body of evidence has demonstrated that childhood trauma increases the risk for developing a psychotic disorder. However, the path by which psychotic symptoms develop following trauma is still debated. Emotional reactivity, a tendency to experience more intense and enduring emotional responses, and hallucinations are sequelae of childhood trauma that may predict the emergence of delusional ideation. This study aimed to examine evidence for this hypothesis in a college student sample.

Methods
Self-report measures were used to cross-sectionally assess childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), delusional ideation (Peters et al Delusions Inventory), hallucinations (Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale), and emotional reactivity (Emotion Reactivity Scale) in 1703 US college students.

Results
Hallucinations and emotional reactivity fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and delusional ideation, after controlling for covariates (gender, age, levels of current stress, stressful life events, and resilience).

Discussion
These results suggest that hallucinations and emotional reactivity associated with childhood trauma may represent quantifiable targets for early intervention.
Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genusPupilla(Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Authors: Haase Martin , Meng Stefan , Horsák Michal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChanging environmental conditions force species either to disperse or to adapt locally either genetically or via phenotypic plasticity. Although limits of plasticity can be experimentally tested, the predictability of genetic adaptation is restricted due to its stochastic nature. Nevertheless, our understanding of evolutionary adaptation has been improving in particular through studies of parallel adaptation. Based on molecular phylogenetic inferences and morphological investigations of both recent and fossil shells we tracked the morphological changes in three land snails, Pupilla alpicola, Pupilla loessica and Pupilla muscorum. These species differ in habitat requirements as well as historical and extant distributions with P. alpicola and P. loessica being more similar to each other than to P. muscorum. Therefore, we hypothesized, that the three species reacted independently and individually to the conditions changing throughout the Pleistocene, but expected that changes within P. alpicola and P. loessica would be more similar compared to P. muscorum. Indeed, intraspecific shell shape differences across time were similar in P. alpicola and P. loessica, suggesting that similar niche shifts have led to similar transformations in parallel. In contrast, extant P. muscorum populations were practically identical in shape to their ancestors. They have probably tracked their ecological niches through time.
Evidence-Based Cesarean Section for Universal Use in China: The “Stark (Misgav Ladach) Method”
Authors: Stark Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are many ways to perform cesarean section, with many methods developing from local traditions. Following a 3-year study process, a modified, evidence-based method has been developed, which is now in use in many countries.The abdomen incision is based on the Joel-Cohen incision, the peritoneum is opened by repeated stretching, and the uterus is opened transversely after pushing the bladder down.After delivery the uterus is sutured with one layer using a large needle, and the abdomen is closed with only two layers, fascia and skin.This method was subject to scores of studies, with all upholding its superiority over traditional methods. As a result, the “Stark (Misgav Ladach) method” is recommended to become a standard procedure across China.
Issues Meriting Further Study in Preventing Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis B by Antiviral Therapy During Pregnancy
Authors: Zhou Yi-Hua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a main cause of chronic HBV infection. Maternal high HBV DNA level or positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is the major risk factor for the transmission. With recommended passive and active immunoprophylaxis, the transmission occurs in nearly 0 and 4–12% of infants born to HBV-infected mothers with negative and positive HBeAg, respectively. Therefore, pregnant women with negative HBeAg appear not requiring antiviral therapy to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV. Recent studies demonstrated that oral antivirals (lamivudine, telbivudine, or tenofovir) in pregnant women with high viral load or positive HBeAg, starting from 28–32 weeks of gestation, together with neonatal immunoprophylaxis, can almost completely prevent the transmission, indicating that it does not require antiviral therapy before 28 weeks of gestation. Accumulated evidence showed that the antivirals may be stopped upon delivery, and the infants may receive breast feeding after birth. However, these issues, as well as HBV DNA threshold for antiviral therapy during pregnancy, optimal timing for start and discontinuation of antivirals, and the drug safety of fetuses/infants, require further investigations to optimize the antiviral therapy during pregnancy. The proof of safety of fetal exposure to antivirals needs more evidence, which can be achieved from the real-world data analysis.
Elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission of Syphilis: Challenge and Solution
Authors: Fan Shang-Rong , Wang Ai-Ling , Wang Lin-Hong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Congenital syphilis (CS) is a significant public health problem worldwide. The majority of cases of CS are caused by in utero transmission. The World Health Organization launched the global elimination of CS initiative with the goal of reducing mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. The risk for CS is mainly related to three factors: (1) high maternal prevalence, (2) low coverage of antenatal care services, and (3) treatment failure. The long-acting penicillin preparations such as benzathine penicillin G are the preferred therapies for maternal syphilis. There are several challenges in preventing CS from both pregnant women and their health care providers. These problems include that prenatal care lack or delay, syphilis management flaws from health care providers, lacks of basic information, and awareness about maternal syphilis and CS by public. Many efforts have been made to solve the problems. These include that dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis or triple EMTCT of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B, World Health Organization country validation of EMTCT of syphilis and HIV, set up a CS case review board and a National Day to combat syphilis and CS.
Elastogram: Physics, Clinical Applications, and Risks
Authors: Lu Jing , Chen Min , Chen Qiong-Hua , Wu Qin , Jiang Jin-Na , Leung Tak-Yeung 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The tissue stiffness is always an interesting issue to clinicians. Traditionally, it is assessed by the manual palpation, and this now can be measured by the ultrasound-based elastography. The basic physics is based on Young's modulus through the Hooke's law: E= S/e, where the Young's modulus (E) equals to the stress applied to the object (S) divided by the generated strain (e). With the rapid advancement of technology, the elastography has evolved from quasi-static elastography (ie, strain elastography) to dynamic elastography (i,e, shear wave elastography). The key differentiation of these two categories roots in the stimuli applied, namely mechanical or acoustic radiation force, and the response of the soft tissue. The strain elastography requires the operator to compress and decompress the tissue manually and the motion of the tissue during the stimuli is tracked to calculate the strain to reflect the tissue stiffness. While strain elastography is operator-dependent, shear wave elastography is not. Using shear wave elastography, the tissue is stimulated by the acoustic radiation force which can generate shear wave traveling through the tissue transversely. The shear wave propagation speed (V

s
) is related to the shear modulus (μ) of the medium: μ = ρV

s

2, where ρ is the density of the tissue and assumed to be a constant as 1000 kg/m3. In the incompressible biological tissue, the Young's modulus is approximately three times the shear modulus (E≈3 μ). So the quantitative measurements of the tissue stiffness can be attained by shear wave elastography. The clinical application of elastography and its diagnostic capability has been extended. The knowledge of the basic physics of the various type of elastography facilitates the effective use of elastography. This review presented the clinical application and the risks of different types of elastography.
Maternal-Fetal Medicine in China
Authors: Zheng Thomas Q. , Yang Hui-Xia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The obstetric issues and management styles in China are different from that in Western countries. Chinese medical education, residency training, obstetric care structure, and management of common obstetric complications are briefly reviewed and compared to the United States. Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) is rapidly developing in China, but the development of MFM may not follow the same trajectory as in the West. Understanding the difference between China and the West may facilitate communication and foster mutual development.
Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcus Infections
Authors: Fan Shang-Rong , Tasneem Umber , Liu Xiao-Ping , Yan Shao-Mei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal infection. Maternal vaginal-rectal colonization with GBS during the intrapartum period is a prerequisite for GBS early-onset disease (EOD). The obstetric measures for effective prevention of GBS EOD include universal prenatal screening by vaginal-rectal culture, correct specimen collection and processing, appropriate implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and coordination with pediatric care providers. It is now recommended to universal screen GBS between 360/7 and 376/7 weeks of gestation and to identify groups of women who are eligible for intravenous intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis as a means of preventing GBS EOD.