bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Between heaven and hell’: Subjective well‐being of asylum seekers
Authors: Hartonen Ville R. , Väisänen Pertti , Karlsson Liisa , Pöllänen Sinikka 
Published: July 2020

Nearly 1.4 million asylum seekers arrived in Europe in 2015. With an unprecedented 822% increase in the number of asylum applicants, Finland experienced the largest increase in applicants than any other European country that year. In this study, we investigated asylum seekers’ experienced subjective well‐being (ExSWB) construct in comparison with their evaluated subjective well‐being (EvSWB) construct. A mixed methods approach with convergent design was adopted for the study, which combined quantitative data on asylum seekers’ (n = 181) ExSWB and EvSWB with qualitative data on the elements of ExSWB and EvSWB. The findings point at a limbus phase in asylum seekers’ livelihood transition between the borders for international protection in Finland. The Cantril self‐anchoring striving scale was used by the participants to describe this passage ritual of ambiguity. Furthermore, we also found gender differences related to coping and subjective well‐being, which supports previous findings on asylum seekers’ well‐being.Key Practitioner Message: •The concept of the limbus phase of the asylum seeker livelihood transition is useful for describing asylum seekers’ experiences while waiting for an asylum decision;•Asylum seeker SWB is closely related to status dissonance, separation and capitals, causing anxiety, worry and fear, and inflicting cognitive disruption;•Equal, institutional‐level functions should be organised in the reception centre for easing the anxiety related to the asylum‐seeking process.
Multidrug resistant organism predicts ulcer recurrence following surgical management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Schmidt Brian M. , Ye Wen , Zhou Shiwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers commonly precede diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and once the latter occurs, surgical management is often performed. The presence of osteomyelitis is an independent risk factor for the development of re‐ulceration. We investigated the relationship between causative organisms in osteomyelitis and 1‐year diabetic foot outcomes (re‐ulceration, amputation, and death) following surgical management in an observational cohort of 223 patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for available demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. In addition, random forest plots were used to identify microbiologic predictors of 1‐year outcomes. Patients with osteomyelitis managed surgically were younger and exhibited more painful peripheral neuropathy than outpatients with diabetes alone (both P < .0001). Osteomyelitis proximal margin cultures were diverse, at times polymicrobial, and included multidrug‐resistant organisms in 13.9% of the cohort. In patients who underwent surgery, 44.5% experienced a re‐ulceration on the same foot within 12 months of surgery. The presence of multidrug‐resistant organisms on proximal bone culture was found to be a significant predictor of diabetic foot ulcer recurrence in univariate modelling (P < .001) and importance rankings. This is the first study to use prediction modelling to identify a relationship between multidrug‐resistant organisms and diabetic foot ulcer recurrence following DFO.
Antimony substituted lanthanum orthoniobate proton conductor – Structure and electronic properties
Authors: Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Wachowski Sebastian , Witkowska Agnieszka , Dzierzgowski Kacper , Skubida Wojciech , Świerczek Konrad , Regoutz Anna , Payne David J. , Hull Stephen , Zhang Hangfeng , Abrahams Isaac , Gazda Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractX‐ray and neutron diffraction have been utilized to analyze the crystalline and electronic structure of lanthanum orthoniobate substituted by antimony. Using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, changes in the electronic structure of the material upon substitution have been analyzed. The structural transition temperature between fergusonite and scheelite phases for 30 mol% antimony substitution was found to be 15°C. Based on the neutron data, the oxygen nonstoichiometry was found to be relatively low. Moreover no influence on the position of the valence band maximum was observed. The influence of the protonation on the electronic structure of constituent oxides has been studied. Absorption data show that the incorporation of protonic defects into the lanthanum orthoniobate structure leads to changes in lanthanum electronic structure and a decrease in the density of unoccupied electronic states.
Readmission and mortality among heart failure patients with history of hypertension in a statewide database
Authors: Giakoumis Michail , Sargsyan Davit , Kostis John B. , Cabrera Javier , Dalwadi Sanketkumar , Kostis William J. ,   for the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System (MIDAS 36) Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective was to examine the temporal trends in readmission and mortality of heart failure (HF) patients with history of hypertension. This study includes 51 141 patients with history of hypertension who were discharged with a first diagnosis of HF between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2014. Data were obtained from the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System (MIDAS), a statewide database of all hospitalizations for cardiovascular (CV) disease in New Jersey. The temporal trends of mortality, rates of HF‐specific readmission, and all‐cause readmissions up to 1 year after discharge were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The difference in all‐cause mortality at 3 years between patients who were readmitted compared to those who were not readmitted at 1 year was examined. The number of patients with history of hypertension and HF remained unchanged during the study period. Male gender, black race, comorbidities, and admission to non‐teaching hospitals were predictors of HF readmission and CV mortality (P < .05 for all). Readmission rate for any cause increased during the study period (P < .001) while rates of HF readmissions and mortality remained relatively unchanged. Patients that had been readmitted within a year exhibited a significantly higher 3‐year mortality (P < .001). CV mortality among HF patients with history of hypertension did not change significantly between 2000 and 2014, while the rates of all‐cause readmission increased. Patients who were readmitted had higher 3‐year mortality (P < .001) than those who were not.
Positive feedback in Cav‐1‐ROS signalling in PSCs mediates metabolic coupling between PSCs and tumour cells
Authors: Shao Shan , Qin Tao , Qian Weikun , Yue Yangyang , Xiao Ying , Li Xuqi , Zhang Dong , Wang Zheng , Ma Qingyong , Lei Jianjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCaveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is the principal structural component of caveolae, and its dysregulation occurs in cancer. However, the role of Cav‐1 in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) tumorigenesis and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) Cav‐1 on PDAC metabolism and aggression. We found that Cav‐1 is expressed at low levels in PDAC stroma and that the loss of stromal Cav‐1 is associated with poor survival. In PSCs, knockdown of Cav‐1 promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while ROS production further reduced the expression of Cav‐1. Positive feedback occurs in Cav‐1‐ROS signalling in PSCs, which promotes PDAC growth and induces stroma‐tumour metabolic coupling in PDAC. In PSCs, positive feedback in Cav‐1‐ROS signalling induced a shift in energy metabolism to glycolysis, with up‐regulated expression of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase 2 (HK‐2), 6‐phosphofructokinase (PFKP) and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2)) and transporter (Glut1) expression and down‐regulated expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1)). These events resulted in high levels of glycolysis products such as lactate, which was secreted by up‐regulated monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in PSCs. Simultaneously, PDAC cells took up these glycolysis products (lactate) through up‐regulated MCT1 to undergo OXPHOS, with down‐regulated expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK‐2, PFKP and PKM2) and up‐regulated expression of OXPHOS enzymes (TOMM20 and NQO1). Interrupting the metabolic coupling between the stroma and tumour cells may be an effective method for tumour therapy.
Effects of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor sildenafil on esophageal secondary peristalsis: Studies with high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Wong Ming‐Wun , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Lei Wei‐Yi , Hung Jui‐Sheng , Liu Chao‐Zong , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSecondary peristalsis contributes to the clearance of retained refluxate from the esophagus. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor, inhibits primary esophageal peristalsis, but its effects on secondary peristalsis remain unknown. This study sought to investigate whether sildenafil could influence physiological characteristics of secondary peristalsis by applying high‐resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsSeventeen healthy volunteers (15 men and 2 women, aged 30.2 ± 6.4 years) underwent two HRM studies on separate days following the administration of either a placebo or 50 mg of sildenafil in a random order. Both studies were performed using a water‐perfused HRM catheter containing one air injection channel positioned in the mid‐esophagus. Secondary peristalsis was stimulated by a rapid mid‐esophageal injection of 10 or 20 mL of air 1 h after the administration of either the placebo or sildenafil. The frequency and distal contractile integral of secondary peristalsis were then compared.ResultsComplete secondary peristalsis triggered by the 20‐mL air injection was more frequent than observed with the 10‐mL air injection (P < 0.001). The vigor of secondary peristalsis triggered by the injection of either volume of air was lower than that of primary peristalsis (P < 0.001). Sildenafil significantly reduced the success rate (P ≤ 0.001) and vigor (P < 0.001) of secondary peristalsis relative to the effects of the placebo at both distension volumes.ConclusionsSecondary peristalsis can be successfully triggered by rapid air injection during HRM. Sildenafil reduces both the success rate and the vigor of secondary peristalsis, similar to that seen with primary peristalsis.
Distinct differences in gut microbial composition and functional potential from lean to morbidly obese subjects
Authors: Meijnikman A. S. , Aydin O. , Prodan A. , Tremaroli V. , Herrema H. , Levin E. , Acherman Y. , Bruin S. , Gerdes V.E. , Backhed F. , Groen A.K. , Nieuwdorp M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe gut microbiome may contribute to the development of obesity. So far, the extent of microbiome variation in people with obesity has not been determined in large cohorts and for a wide range of body mass index (BMI). Here, we aimed to investigate whether the faecal microbial metagenome can explain the variance in several clinical phenotypes associated with morbid obesity.MethodsCaucasian subjects were recruited at our hospital. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was determined using questionnaires. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on faecal samples from 177 subjects.ResultsSubjects without obesity (n = 82, BMI 24.7 ± 2.9 kg m−2) and subjects with obesity (n = 95, BMI 38.6 ± 5.1 kg m−2) could be clearly distinguished based on microbial composition and microbial metabolic pathways. A total number of 52 bacterial species differed significantly in people with and without obesity. Independent of dietary intake, we found that microbial pathways involved in biosynthesis of amino acids were enriched in subjects with obesity, whereas pathways involved in the degradation of amino acids were depleted. Machine learning models showed that more than half of the variance in body fat composition followed by BMI could be explained by the gut microbiome, composition and microbial metabolic pathways, compared with 6% of variation explained in triglycerides and 9% in HDL.ConclusionBased on the faecal microbiota composition, we were able to separate subjects with and without obesity. In addition, we found strong associations between gut microbial amino acid metabolism and specific microbial species in relation to clinical features of obesity.
The success rate of oral appliances based on multiple criteria according to obstructive sleep apnoea severity, BMI and age: A large multicentre study
Authors: Okuno Kentaro , Furuhashi Akifumi , Nakamura Shuhei , Suzuki Hiroshi , Arisaka Takehiro , Taga Hitoshi , Tamura Masataka , Katahira Haruto , Furuhata Minoru , Iida Chisato 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of oral appliance (OA) varies greatly in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).Objective(s)The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the success rate of OA for OSA patients.MethodsThis study was based on a cross‐sectional multicentre survey of OA therapy for the management of OSA called the JAMS (Japanese Cross‐sectional Multicenter Survey) Study performed at 10 medical institutions. A total of 442 patients fulfilled the selection criteria, which patients had worn OA, and undergone overnight polysomnography to assess both the pre‐treatment baseline and follow‐up for OA. Age, sex, BMI and apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI) at the time of diagnosis and follow‐up for OA were extracted.ResultsAfter OA treatment, the mean AHI decreased from 22.6 ± 13.8 to 10.0 ± 10.2/h, and the mean rate of decrease in the AHI was 52.5 ± 38.4%. Regarding the success rate to OA therapy, criterion 1 (AHI < 5/h), criterion 2 (AHI < 10/h), criterion 3 (AHI < 15/h) and criterion 4 (AHI reduction rate ≥ 50%) accounted for 33.5, 66.3, 80.5 and 63.3%, respectively. The success rate of OA treatment decreased according to the increase in OSA severity, obesity level (higher BMI) and older age.ConclusionsThis study revealed the treatment success rate of OA on multiple criteria according to OSA severity, BMI and age. It may support for the clinician to make a decision on the OSA management.
Straight leg raise metrics on high‐resolution manometry associate with esophageal reflux burden
Authors: Rogers Benjamin D. , Rengarajan Arvind , Ali Ijlal A. , Hasak Stephen L. , Hansalia Vivek , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundStraight leg raise (SLR) is a provocative maneuver that assesses esophagogastric junction (EGJ) barrier function during high‐resolution manometry (HRM). We evaluated the value of SLR in symptomatic reflux patients undergoing ambulatory reflux monitoring.MethodsAdult patients being evaluated for reflux symptoms with esophageal physiologic testing off antisecretory therapy over a 12 month period were studied. Demographics, clinical presentation, HRM studies, and reflux monitoring studies were analyzed. Intra‐abdominal and intra‐esophageal pressures were extracted at baseline and during SLR from HRM studies. Acid exposure time (AET) was derived from reflux monitoring studies, and EGJ morphology and tone from HRM studies. SLR pressure metrics predicting abnormal AET were evaluated.Key ResultsOf 122 patients, 70 (57.4%) had ≥50% peak intra‐abdominal pressure increase during SLR (58.0 ± 1.4 years, 75.7% female). Peak intra‐esophageal pressure gradient between baseline and SLR predicted pathologic AET when ≥100% (AUC 0.78, sensitivity 71%, specificity 75%, P < .001), seen in 60.7% with AET > 6%, but only 23.7% with AET < 4% (P = .01). Peak intra‐esophageal pressure gradient ≥100% was most discriminative in identifying abnormal acid burden in type 1 EGJ morphology (P = .005) but trended toward significance in type 2 and type 3 morphology (P = .1). Normal and abnormal EGJ contractile integral did not associate with peak intra‐esophageal pressure gradient either collectively or when subdivided by EGJ morphology (P ≥ .2).Conclusions & InferencesAnalysis of intra‐esophageal pressure gradients during SLR, a simple HRM maneuver, may augment evaluation of symptomatic GERD, and provide adjunctive evidence supporting GERD.
Efficacy and safety of different interventions to accelerate maxillary canine retraction following premolar extraction: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: MacDonald Laura , Zanjir Maryam , Laghapour Lighvan Nima , da Costa Bruno R. , Suri Sunjay , Azarpazhooh Amir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDecreasing orthodontic treatment duration is at the forefront of innovation for clinical orthodontics. This network meta‐analysis aimed to determine the relative efficacy and safety of treatments for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars followed by canine retraction in any orthodontic setting. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched (from inception to 20 April 2020). Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were meta‐analysed to estimate the rate of tooth movement, 95% credible interval and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) in the first 3 months following the application of the adjunctive accelerative method. Eligible RCTs were assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool, and quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE approach, obtained from CINeMA web application. Interventions were ranked for efficacy and reviewed for safety. Nineteen studies pertaining to eight interventions, with data from 415 patients were included. Quality of evidence was very low to moderate. Very low‐to low‐quality evidence suggests that corticotomy is an efficacious and safe adjunctive treatment to accelerate OTM in comparison with conventional treatment in the first 2 months of treatment. Low‐quality evidence suggests that piezocision and micro‐osteoperforations (MOP) are efficacious and safe adjunctive treatments only in the first month of treatment. Frequent MOP in conjunction with low‐level laser therapy appeared to be an efficacious and safe adjunctive treatment only in the first month following its initial application but not thereafter.
Dentition and nutritional status of aged New Zealanders living in aged residential care
Authors: van Kuijk Maria , Smith Moira B. , Ferguson Catherine Anna , Kerse Ngaire M. , Teh Ruth , Gribben Barry , Thomson William Murray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of the nutritional status of older individuals have used measures such as plasma vitamin and mineral levels, which can be difficult to interpret. The relationship between nutrition and dentition has been limited to studying exposures such as the number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth, edentulousness, and the number of natural teeth.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between dentition status and nutritional status in a national survey of older New Zealanders living in aged residential care facilities.Material and methodsSecondary analysis of clinical oral status and nutrition data collected in 2012 in New Zealand's Older People's Oral Health Survey. The validated Mini Nutritional Assessment short format was used to categorize participants as “normal nutritional status,” “at risk of malnutrition” or “malnourished.”ResultsJust under half of older New Zealanders living in aged residential care facilities were classified as either at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (with about one in sixteen in the latter category). The prevalence of malnutrition was higher among those in hospital‐level and psychogeriatric‐level care, as well as in those of high socioeconomic status. Individuals who were at risk of malnutrition had the most untreated dental caries and untreated coronal caries. Relative to their counterparts in nursing‐home‐level care, dentate individuals in hospital‐level care were 2.4 times—and those in psychogeriatric‐level care were 2.8 times—as likely to be malnourished or at risk of it.ConclusionsJust under half of the New Zealanders living in aged residential care were at risk of malnutrition or were malnourished. Greater experience of untreated dental caries was associated with a higher rate of being malnourished or at risk of it. Poorer cognitive function and greater dependency were important risk indicators for malnutrition.
Dysregulation of CCN3 (NOV) expression in the epidermis of systemic sclerosis patients with pigmentary changes
Authors: Henrot Pauline , Pain Catherine , Taïeb Alain , Truchetet Marie‐Elise , Cario Muriel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe disease whose pathophysiology remains partly unknown, combining autoimmune, vascular, and fibrotic features. Recently, we evidenced a link between vasculopathy and pigmentary changes in SSc. CCN3 (NOV) is a matricellular protein implicated in both angiogenesis and pigmentation regulation, in particular melanocyte adhesion to the basal layer. We decided to study CCN3 expression in SSc epidermis. We show that in SSc patients with pigmentary changes compared to patients with normal pigmentation, CCN3 is specifically downregulated in situ in melanocytes and upregulated in keratinocytes. Moreover, the number of melanocytes is significantly decreased in SSc patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years compared to the other patients. Altogether, our findings could provide new insights on the mechanisms of pigmentary changes in SSc patients, as well as treatment adaptation in a personalized manner.
Evaluation of biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases in tropical conditions
Authors: Paiano Renan Braga , Birgel Daniela Becker , Bonilla Jeannine , Birgel Junior Eduardo Harry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to characterize the biochemical profile, the reproductive performance and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of disease state of dairy cows with hyperketonemia, lipomobilization and hypocalcemia raised in tropical conditions in southeastern Brazil. Dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into a group of healthy cows (n = 14), cows with lipomobilization (n = 14), cows with hypocalcemia (n = 11), and a group of cows with hyperketonemia (n = 11). Evaluation of body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW) and blood samples was performed on 21, 14, 7, 4 and 2 days before calving, parturition, 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days post‐partum and milk production was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Blood samples were assayed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma‐glutammyltransferase (GGT), albumin, total protein, globulin, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine concentrations. The biochemical profile, BCS, BW, milk production and reproductive performance differed (p < .05) among the groups. Our findings indicate changes in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases and impaired production and fertility of dairy cows in this group. Variable importance in projection plots demonstrated that cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin and fibrinogen in the serum were the strongest discriminators between cows with hypocalcemia and healthy cows; and AST, cholesterol, urea and triglycerides for cows with hyperketonemia and healthy cows; and cholesterol, urea, triglycerides, total protein and fibrinogen for lipomobilization and healthy cows, which might be useful as predictive biomarkers of the disease state.