bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photographic records of plant phenology and spring river flush timing in a river lowland ecosystem at the taiga–tundra boundary, northeastern Siberia
Authors: Morozumi Tomoki , Sugimoto Atsuko , Suzuki Rikie , Nagai Shin , Kobayashi Hideki , Tei Shunsuke , Takano Shinya , Shakhmatov Ruslan , Maximov Trofim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArctic terrestrial ecosystems near the treeline in river lowlands are vulnerable to the changing climate and seasonal extreme events, including flooding. We set up a simple camera monitoring system to record the timings and durations of the leafy period and the spring flush of river water at three observation sites (Boydom [B]: 70.64°N, 148.15°E; Kodac [K]:70.56°N, 148.26°E; Verkhny‐Khatistakh [VK]:70.25°N,147.47°E) in the Indigirka lowland, in Northeastern Siberia. Time‐lapse digital cameras were located at seven points across the three sites. The time intervals were 1–4 or 24 hours. The minimum and maximum monitoring periods were 2 years (July 2016 to August 2018) at B and 5 years (August 2013 to July 2018) at K. One camera documented the timings of river ice melt and open water periods from the riverbank of the Kryvaya River, one of the small tributaries of the Indigirka River. The other six cameras recorded several types of ground cover typical of the area, including larch trees (Larix cajanderi), shrubs (including Salix spp. and Betula nana), forbs, mosses and graminoids in an ecosystem of sparsely forested shrublands, wetlands and riversides. The data consists of 45,617 JPEG‐format images. This dataset can be used to detect the onset and offset of the growing season and to capture the ice melt timing and water cover periods in wetlands and riversides. It may be useful in validating satellite data such as the vegetation remote sensing index for remote and little‐known areas. These data may contribute to the study of the role of high‐latitude ecosystems in global climate changes.The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2020-02.1/jalter-en. [Correction added on 7 September 2020, after first online publication: JaLTER URL has been updated.]
Extraction of bioactive compounds from purple corn using emerging technologies: A review
Authors: Cristianini Marcelo , Guillén Sánchez Jhoseline Stayce 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increase in the use of bioactive compounds from purple corn in the food and pharmaceutical industries has led to the investigation of nonconventional extraction technologies that allow one to obtain more of these compounds. In this context, nonconventional techniques, known as emerging technologies, use more efficient processes that are safe for the environment, in addition to obtaining products with better functional characteristics as compared to those obtained by conventional technologies. This review aims to provide information on different nonconventional techniques used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from purple corn.
Novel biomarkers for prediction of outcome in hip fracture patients—An exploratory study
Authors: Jonsson Magnus H. , Hommel Ami , Todorova Lizbet , Melander Olle , Bentzer Peter 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the value of biomarkers for prognostication in hip fracture patients. The main objective of the present study was to assess if biomarkers add useful information to an existing risk score for prediction of 30‐day mortality in patients suffering from out of hospital hip fractures.MethodsIn a prospective observational single centre study, association between plasma concentration of ninety‐two biomarkers at admission and 30‐day mortality was analysed using logistic regression adjusted for risk factors included in Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS). Biomarkers associated with the outcome in the adjusted analysis were further evaluated by calculating the net reclassification improvement (NRI) and the change in area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) relative to the NHFS.Results997 patients were included. Sixty‐two patients died within 30 days (6.2%). Eleven biomarkers were associated with 30‐day mortality in adjusted analysis. Of these biomarkers Growth Differentiation Factor‐15 (GDF‐15) had NRI for the primary outcome (12.1%; 95% CI: 1.2‐23.3) and Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA‐125) improved the AUC relative to NHFS (improvement: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.10, P = .027). Both CA‐125 and GDF‐15 improved the AUC for a composite outcome of 30‐day mortality and cardiovascular complications.ConclusionsAdding GDF‐15 or CA‐125 to the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score improves the discrimination with regard to predicting 30‐day mortality and may help to identify a subgroup of hip fracture patients with a particularly poor prognosis. The value of these biomarkers should be explored in further studies to confirm clinical utility.
B‐Lines for the assessment of extravascular lung water: Just focused or semi‐quantitative?
Authors: Seibel Armin , Zechner Peter M. , Berghold Andrea , Holter Magdalena , Braß Patrick , Michels Guido , Leister Nicolas , Gemes Geza , Donauer Reinmar , Giebler Reiner M. , Sakka Samir G. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundB‐lines as typical artefacts of lung ultrasound are considered as surrogate measurement for extravascular lung water. However, B‐lines develop in the sub‐pleural space and do not allow assessment of the whole lung. Here, we present data from the first observational multi‐centre study focusing on the correlation between a B‐lines score and extravascular lung water in critically ill patients suffering from a variety of diseases.Patients and MethodsIn 184 adult patients, 443 measurements were obtained. B‐lines were counted and expressed in a score which was compared to extravascular lung water, measured by single‐indicator transpulmonary thermodilution. Appropriate correlation coefficients were calculated and receiver operating characteristics (ROC‐) curves were plotted.ResultsOverall, B‐lines score was correlated with body weight‐indexed extravascular lung water characterized by r = .59. The subgroup analysis revealed a correlation coefficient in patients without an infection of r = .44, in those with a pulmonary infection of r = .75 and in those with an abdominal infection of r = .23, respectively. Using ROC‐analysis the sensitivity and specificity of B‐lines for detecting an increased extravascular lung water (>10 mL/kg) was 63% and 79%, respectively. In patients with a P/F ratio <200 mm Hg, sensitivity and specificity to predict an increased extravascular lung water was 71% and 93%, respectively.ConclusionsAssessment of B‐lines does not accurately reflect actual extravascular lung water. In presence of an impaired oxygenation, B‐lines may reliably indicate increased extravascular lung water as cause of the oxygenation disorders.
Interactions between reinforcement history and drug‐primed reinstatement: Studies with MDPV and mixtures of MDPV and caffeine
Authors: Doyle Michelle R. , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Collins Gregory T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany drugs of abuse are mixed with other psychoactive substances (e.g., caffeine) prior to their sale or use. Synthetic cathinones (e.g., 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV]) are commonly mixed with caffeine or other cathinones (e.g., 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methylcathinone [methylone]), and these “bath salts” mixtures (e.g., MDPV + caffeine) can exhibit supra‐additive interactions with regard to their reinforcing and discriminative stimulus properties. However, little is known about relapse‐related effects of drug mixtures. In these studies, male Sprague–Dawley rats self‐administered 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV or a mixture of MDPV + caffeine (0.029 + 0.66 mg/kg/inf, respectively) and then underwent multiple rounds of extinction and reinstatement testing to evaluate the influence of reinforcement history and drug‐associated stimuli on the effectiveness of saline (drug‐paired stimuli alone), MDPV (0.032–1.0 mg/kg), caffeine (1.0–32 mg/kg), and mixtures of MDPV:caffeine (in 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios, relative to each drug's ED50) to reinstate responding. Dose‐addition analyses were used to determine the nature of the drug–drug interaction for each mixture. MDPV and caffeine dose‐dependently reinstated responding and were equally effective, regardless of reinforcement history. Most fixed ratio mixtures of MDPV + caffeine exhibited supra‐additive interactions, reinstating responding to levels greater than was observed with caffeine and/or MDPV alone. Drug‐associated stimuli also played a key role in reinstating responding, especially for caffeine. Together, these results demonstrate that the composition of drug mixtures can impact relapse‐related effects of drug mixtures, and “bath salts” mixtures (MDPV + caffeine) may be more effective at promoting relapse‐related behaviors than the constituents alone. Further research is needed to determine how other polysubstance reinforcement histories can impact relapse‐related behaviors.
Climate change, mean sea levels, wetland decline and the survival of the critically endangered Capricorn Yellow Chat
Authors: Houston Wayne A. , Elder Rod , Black Robert L. , Shearer Damon , Harte Michael , Hammond Andy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn isolated population of ~30 Capricorn Yellow Chats (Epthianura crocea macgregori) (Aves: Meliphagidae) occurs on a grassy marine plain (~4000 ha) with complex fresh to hypersaline wetlands bordering unvegetated salt flats and mangroves, the majority less than 2 m above mean sea level (MSL). While there are several species of sedge on the marine plain, only one, a tall salt‐tolerant sedge, Schoenoplectus subulatus, regularly provides tall cover and nesting habitat on the marine plain. Comparison of vegetation data between 2002 and 2018 at four breeding sites showed a loss of S. subulatus at two of the sites in conjunction with persistent extreme hypersalinity. In contrast, sites where S. subulatus recovered had elevated salinity levels coinciding with a drought in 2005–2008, but subsequently returning to pre‐drought levels. Concomitant with the loss of S. subulatus was a substantial decline in Capricorn Yellow Chat abundance. Possible drivers of persistent hypersalinity were an increase in sea level and consequent greater tidal ingress. The two most severely affected sites were relatively close to tidal influence and low points in the landscape. Evaluation of MSL data showed that habitat decline from 2002 to 2018 occurred over a period in which sea level rose by ~80 mm. While it is recognised that other variables are important, this study indicates that if sea‐level rise continues at the 2011–2017 rate of ~8.3 mm per annum, the Curtis Island marine plain will become unsuitable for Capricorn Yellow Chats in the next 60 years or less. Sixty years is likely to be a conservative estimate given that sea‐level rise rates are projected to increase further, as are the influence of more extreme weather events such as drought and storm surges on persistence of key vegetation. Ramifications for other Capricorn Yellow Chat sites and marine plain‐dependent fauna such as shorebirds also need consideration.
Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cyphellophora ludoviensis: A novel case report from Iran
Authors: Layegh Pouran , Tayyebi Meibodi Naser , Razmyar Mohammad , Taghizadeh‐Armaki Mojtaba , Zarrinfar Hossein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisseminated phaeohyphomycosis is a rare and unusual infection that can be caused by dematiaceous fungi. Cyphellophora is an uncommon aetiological agent of cutaneous and systemic fungal infections. This study describes a case of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. ludoviensis in Iran. The molecular identification of the isolates was established by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The patient was successfully treated with an 8‐month course of systemic voriconazole.
Reciprocal expression of trefoil factor‐1 and thyroid transcription factor‐1 in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Matsubara Daisuke , Yoshimoto Taichiro , Soda Manabu , Amano Yusuke , Kihara Atsushi , Funaki Toko , Ito Takeshi , Sakuma Yuji , Shibano Tomoki , Endo Shunsuke , Hagiwara Koichi , Ishikawa Shumpei , Fukayama Masashi , Murakami Yoshinori , Mano Hiroyuki , Niki Toshiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolecular targeted therapies against EGFR and ALK have improved the quality of life of lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, targetable driver mutations are mainly found in thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1)/NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2‐1)‐positive terminal respiratory unit (TRU) types and rarely in non‐TRU types. To elucidate the molecular characteristics of the major subtypes of non‐TRU‐type adenocarcinomas, we analyzed 19 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (11 TRU types and 8 non‐TRU types). A characteristic of non‐TRU‐type cell lines was the strong expression of TFF‐1 (trefoil factor‐1), a gastric mucosal protective factor. An immunohistochemical analysis of 238 primary lung adenocarcinomas resected at Jichi Medical University Hospital revealed that TFF‐1 was positive in 31 cases (13%). Expression of TFF‐1 was frequently detected in invasive mucinous (14/15, 93%), enteric (2/2, 100%), and colloid (1/1, 100%) adenocarcinomas, less frequent in acinar (5/24, 21%), papillary (7/120, 6%), and solid (2/43, 5%) adenocarcinomas, and negative in micropapillary (0/1, 0%), lepidic (0/23, 0%), and microinvasive adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinoma in situ (0/9, 0%). Expression of TFF‐1 correlated with the expression of HNF4‐α and MUC5AC (P < .0001, P < .0001, respectively) and inversely correlated with that of TTF‐1/NKX2‐1 (P < .0001). These results indicate that TFF‐1 is characteristically expressed in non‐TRU‐type adenocarcinomas with gastrointestinal features. The TFF‐1‐positive cases harbored KRAS mutations at a high frequency, but no EGFR or ALK mutations. Expression of TFF‐1 correlated with tumor spread through air spaces, and a poor prognosis in advanced stages. Moreover, the knockdown of TFF‐1 inhibited cell proliferation and soft‐agar colony formation and induced apoptosis in a TFF‐1‐high and KRAS‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma cell line. These results indicate that TFF‐1 is not only a biomarker, but also a potential molecular target for non‐TRU‐type lung adenocarcinomas.
Aboriginal parents' experiences of having their children removed by statutory child protection services
Authors: Newton BJ 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in out‐of‐home care has more than doubled in the past decade. Research into the experiences of parents who have had their children removed is an emerging area; though very few of these studies are specific to Indigenous children and families. This paper presents a participatory research study that explored the experiences of a group of Aboriginal Australian parents who have had their children removed by child protection authorities in one Australian state, New South Wales. This paper highlights the challenges for Indigenous families navigating the child protection system, specifically the ongoing experience of feeling powerless following the removal of their children, and in creating environments that maintain quality relationships with their children. The paper then offers suggestions for supporting families in light of the findings.
Computer‐aided learning for managing stress: A feasibility trial with clinical high risk adolescents and young adults
Authors: Woodberry Kristen A. , Chokran Cole , Johnson Kelsey A. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Miklowitz David J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Seidman Larry J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe peak onset of psychotic disorders occurs during adolescence and early adulthood, yet treatments for youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are generally designed for adults. CHR youth, despite poor academic and social engagement, spend hours each day playing complicated videogames. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of integrating biofeedback and cooperative videogame play within family therapy as a means of engaging and enhancing this population's resilience.MethodsWe conducted a feasibility trial of an innovative 12‐week family therapy for CHR ages 12–30 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02531243). We report feasibility outcomes and preliminary effect sizes for pre‐post changes and youth‐parent differences.ResultsOf 88 individuals referred to the centre who met age and CHR criteria, 11 (13%) youth‐parent pairs met full criteria and engaged in treatment. Ten (91%) completed at least six sessions. Youth found CALMS initially credible, but parents tended to find it more credible and to be more satisfied over time. Surprisingly, parents reported a better game experience than youth. As a group, youth and parent participants reported experiencing reduced stress and perceiving each other as less critical by the end of treatment. Youth were rated as having significantly improved social, but not role or global functioning by the end of treatment.ConclusionsMultiuser videogames may have a role to play in engaging youth at risk for psychosis in therapy and reducing stress and familial risk factors. A number of key developments are needed to enhance the appeal, effectiveness and practicality of this approach.
Dos and don'ts when inferring assembly rules from diversity patterns
Authors: Münkemüller Tamara , Gallien Laure , Pollock Laura J. , Barros Ceres , Carboni Marta , Chalmandrier Loïc , Mazel Florent , Mokany Karel , Roquet Cristina , Smyčka Jan , Talluto Matthew V. , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimMore than ever, ecologists seek to understand how species are distributed and have assembled into communities using the “filtering framework”. This framework is based on the hypothesis that local assemblages result from a series of abiotic and biotic filters applied to regional species pools and that these filters leave predictable signals in observed diversity patterns. In theory, statistical comparisons of expected and observed patterns enable data‐driven tests of assembly processes. However, so far this framework has fallen short in delivering generalizable conclusions, challenging whether (and how) diversity patterns can be used to characterize and understand underlying assembly processes better.MethodsBy synthesizing the previously raised critiques and suggested solutions in a comprehensive way, we identify 10 pitfalls that can lead to flawed interpretations of α‐diversity patterns, summarize solutions developed to circumvent these pitfalls and provide general guidelines.ResultsWe find that most issues arise from an overly simplistic view of potential processes that influence diversity patterns, which is often motivated by practical constraints on study design, focal scale and methodology. We outline solutions for each pitfall, such as methods spanning over spatial, environmental or phylogenetic scales, and suggest guidelines for best scientific practices in community ecology. Among key future challenges are the integration of mechanistic modelling and multi‐trophic interactions.Main conclusionsOur conclusion is that the filtering framework still holds promise, but only if researchers successfully navigate major pitfalls, foster the integration of mechanistic modelling and multi‐trophic interactions and directly account for uncertainty in their conclusions.
Performance of the pattern‐based interpretation of p53 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate for TP53 mutations in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kortekaas Kim E , Solleveld‐Westerink Nienke , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Rutten Tessa A , Poelgeest Mariëtte I E , Gilks C Blake , Hoang Lien N , Bosse Tjalling 
Published: April 2020

AimsThe most commonly mutated gene in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is TP53 and its prognostic value, particularly in HPV‐independent VSCC, is uncertain. In other tumours, p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an excellent surrogate marker for TP53 mutations. In order to study this in VSCC, we assigned six p53 IHC patterns into two final classes: ‘wild‐type’ or ‘mutant’. We determined the performance and interobserver variability of this pattern‐based p53 IHC approach.Methods and resultsTwo experienced gynaecological pathologists scored the predefined p53 IHC patterns of 59 VSCC, independently and blinded for molecular data. Agreement was calculated by Cohen's kappa. All disagreements regarding p53 IHC patterns were resolved by a consensus meeting. After DNA isolation, the presence of pathogenic TP53 variants was determined by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of p53 IHC as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutation status were calculated. Initial p53 IHC pattern interpretation showed substantial agreement between both observers (k = 0.71, P < 0.001). After consensus, 18 cases (30.5%) were assigned a final p53 IHC class as TP53 wild‐type and 41 cases (69.5%) as mutant. The accuracy between the p53 IHC class and TP53 mutation status, after the consensus meeting, was 96.6%. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity were high 95.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 82.9–99.1% and 100% (95% CI = 75.9–100%)].ConclusionsPattern‐based p53 IHC classification is highly reproducible among experienced gynaecological pathologists and accurately reflects TP53 mutations in VSCC. This approach to p53 IHC interpretation offers guidance and provides necessary clarity for resolving the proposed prognostic relevance of final p53 IHC class within HPV‐independent VSCC.
Prion disease in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Panegyres Peter K. , Stehmann Christiane , Klug Genevieve M. , Masters Colin L. , Collins Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous Australians are at increased risk of developing dementia – Alzheimer disease and mixed dementia diagnoses are the most common. While prion diseases have been reported in Indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea and the United States, the occurrence and phenotype of prion disease in Indigenous Australians is hitherto unreported.AimTo report the incidence rate and clinical phenotype of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) in Indigenous Australians.MethodCrude sporadic CJD (sCJD) incidence rates and indirect age standardisation of all CJD were assessed to calculate the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of the Indigenous Australian population in comparison to the all‐resident Australian population, along with analysis of clinical phenotypes.ResultsWe report an illustrative case of an Indigenous Australian from regionally remote Western Australia dying from typical 'probable' sCJD 2 months after disease onset, with Australian National CJD Registry (ANCJDR) surveillance overall demonstrating eight Indigenous Australians dying from sCJD (five post‐mortem confirmed, three classified as 'probable') with a clinical phenotype similar to non‐indigenous people, including median age at death of 61 years (interquartile range IQR = 16 years) and median duration of illness of 3 months (IQR = 1.6 months). Indigenous Australians with sCJD were geographically dispersed throughout Australia. The calculated overall crude annual rate of sCJD in Indigenous Australians compared to the remainder of the Australian population was not significantly different (0–3.87/million for Indigenous Australians; 0.94–1.83/million for non‐indigenous). The overall indirect age‐standardised CJD mortality ratio for the indigenous population for the years 2006–2018 was 1.49 (95% CI, 0.75–2.98), also not significantly different to the all‐resident Australian population.ConclusionCJD occurs in Indigenous Australians with clinical phenotype and occurrence rates similar to non‐Indigenous Australians. These findings contrast with a previous report where the incidence rate of CJD in a non‐Australian indigenous population was reported to be decreased.