bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chance of live birth: a nationwide, registry-based cohort study
Authors: Kolte Astrid M , Westergaard David , Lidegaard Øjvind , Brunak Søren , Nielsen Henriette Svarre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does the sequence of prior pregnancy events (pregnancy losses, live births, ectopic pregnancies, molar pregnancy and still birth), obstetric complications and maternal age affect chance of live birth in the next pregnancy and are prior events predictive for the outcome?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The sequence of pregnancy outcomes is significantly associated with chance of live birth; however, pregnancy history and age are insufficient to predict the outcome of an individual woman’s next pregnancy.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Adverse pregnancy outcomes decrease the chance of live birth in the next pregnancy, whereas the impact of prior live births is less clear.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Nationwide, registry-based cohort study of 1 285 230 women with a total of 2 722 441 pregnancies from 1977 to 2017.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
All women living in Denmark in the study period with at least one pregnancy in either the Danish Medical Birth Registry or the Danish National Patient Registry. Data were analysed using logistic regression with a robust covariance model to account for women with more than one pregnancy. Model discrimination and calibration were ascertained using 20% of the women in the cohort randomly selected as an internal validation set.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Obstetric complications, still birth, ectopic pregnancies and pregnancy losses had a negative effect on the chance of live birth in the next pregnancy. Consecutive, identical pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy losses, live births or ectopic pregnancies) immediately preceding the next pregnancy had a larger impact than the total number of any outcome. Model discrimination was modest (C-index = 0.60, positive predictive value = 0.45), but the models were well calibrated.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
While prior pregnancy outcomes and their sequence significantly influenced the chance of live birth, the discriminative abilities of the predictive models demonstrate clearly that pregnancy history and maternal age are insufficient to reliably predict the outcome of a given pregnancy.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Prior pregnancy history has a significant impact on the chance of live birth in the next pregnancy. However, the results emphasize that only taking age and number of losses into account does not predict if a pregnancy will end as a live birth or not. A better understanding of biological determinants for pregnancy outcomes is urgently needed.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The work was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Ole Kirk Foundation and Rigshospitalet’s Research Foundation. The authors have no financial relationships that could appear to have influenced the work.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Mexican apex judiciary and its multiple interpretations: Challenges for the constitutional right to health
Authors: Cobo Fernanda , Charvel Sofía 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The judicialization of social rights is a reality in Latin America; however, little has been said about this phenomenon in Mexico or about the role of the Mexican Supreme Court (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, SCJN) in advancing an effective guarantee of the right to health. In several countries, courts have adopted either an active role in defining health policy and protecting the right to health or a passive one. Studying the ways in which health-related cases are resolved in Mexico enables us to evaluate the role of the SCJN when ruling for or against this right. This article aims to determine whether the SCJN, through the analysis of its rulings, is or could be a catalyst for change in the healthcare system. This article reports on the results of a systematic content analysis of twenty-two SCJN rulings, examining the claimants, their claims as understood by the SCJN, and the elements considered by the justices in their decision-making process. The analysis of the way in which the SCJN ruled in these cases demonstrates that the SCJN must be uniform and consistent in applying constitutional and conventional principles to improve predictability of its decisions and to be innovative in responding to the new requirements posed by economic, social, and cultural rights. The SCJN should increase its possibilities of promoting structural reforms where laws or policies are inconsistent with constitutional or conventional standards by maintaining a middle ground with respect of the executive and legislative branches.
Open 𝑟-Spin Theory I: Foundations
Authors: Buryak Alexandr , Clader Emily , Tessler Ran J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We lay the foundation for a version of $r$-spin theory in genus zero for Riemann surfaces with boundary. In particular, we define the notion of $r$-spin disks, their moduli space, and the Witten bundle; we show that the moduli space is a compact smooth orientable orbifold with corners, and we prove that the Witten bundle is canonically relatively oriented relative to the moduli space. In the sequel to this paper, we use these constructions to define open $r$-spin intersection theory and relate it to the Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy, thus providing an analog of Witten’s $r$-spin conjecture in the open setting.
Effects of warming and fertilization interacting with intraspecific competition on fine root traits of Picea asperata
Authors: Li Dan-Dan , Nan Hong-Wei , Zhao Chun-Zhang , Yin Chun-Ying , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Competition, temperature and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree growth, little is known about how the interactions of competition with fertilization and temperature affect root growth. We aim to test whether climate warming and fertilization promote competition and to explore the functional strategies of Picea asperata in response to the interactions of these factors.

Methods
We conducted a paired experiment including competition and non-competition treatments under elevated temperature (ET) and fertilization. We measured root traits, including the root tip number over the root surface (RTRS), the root branching events over the root surface (RBRS), the specific root length (SRL), the specific root area (SRA), the total fine root length and area (RL and RA), the root tips (RTs) and root branching (RB) events. These root traits are considered to be indicators of plant resource uptake capacity and root growth. The root biomass and the nutrient concentrations in the roots were also determined.

Important Findings
The results indicated that ET, fertilization and competition individually enhanced the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentrations in fine roots, but they did not affect fine root biomass or root traits, including RL, RT, RA and RB. However, both temperature and fertilization, as well as their interaction, interacting with competition increased RL, RA, RT, RB and nutrient uptake. In addition, the SRL, SRA, RTRS and RBRS decreased under fertilization, the interaction between temperature and competition decreased SRL and SRA, while the other parameters were not affected by temperature or competition. These results indicate that P. asperata maintains a conservative nutrient strategy in response to competition, climate warming, fertilization and their interactions. Our results improve our understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of trees to global change.
“Chronic Disseminated Aspergillosis,” a Novel Fungal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Pourbaix Annabelle , Guery Romain , Bruneau Julie , Blanc Estelle , Jouvion Gregory , Weinandt Marthe , Rouzaud Claire , Lourenço Jérémy , Boutboul David , Mira Jean-Paul , Rouquette Alexandre , Molina Thierry Jo , Lecuit Marc , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a case of chronic hepatosplenic aspergillosis following immune reconstitution complicating colic aspergillosis in an AIDS patient with multicentric Castleman disease. Symptoms mimicked the clinical presentation of chronic disseminated candidiasis and responded to corticosteroid. This emerging entity enlarges the spectrum of fungal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the HIV setting.
‘Ndrangheta Dynasties: A Conceptual and Operational Framework for the Cross-Border Policing of the Calabrian Mafia
Authors: Sergi Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Attention to the Calabrian mafia, the ‘ndrangheta, has been increasing across law enforcement authorities around the world. This paper aims at bringing forward a theoretical and operational conversation on how to best approach, from a policing perspective, what is a complex clan-based criminality able to operate simultaneously in different states. The paper will therefore formulate a preliminary framework for strategies focusing on the policing of mafia dynasties. It will do so by identifying how ‘ndrangheta clans can be studied as family dynasties, including in their assessment also the factors of family life (familiness) that can facilitate or obstruct the dynasty’s success. By looking at ‘ndrangheta clans as family dynasties, we can inform a framework that cuts through the most common policing aims and strategies against organized crime, as shared by states involved in current anti-mafia efforts.
Quantitative towers in finite difference calculus approximating the continuum
Authors: Lawrence R , Ranade N , Sullivan D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multivector fields and differential forms at the continuum level have respectively two commutative associative products, a third composition product between them and various operators like $\partial$, d and ‘*’ which are used to describe many nonlinear problems. The point of this paper is to construct consistent direct and inverse systems of finite dimensional approximations to these structures and to calculate combinatorially how these finite dimensional models differ from their continuum idealizations. In a Euclidean background, there is an explicit answer which is natural statistically.
Serum IgG2 antibody multicomposition in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis (Part 1): cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Moroni Gabriella , Sinico Renato Alberto , Franceschini Franco , Fredi Micaela  , Vaglio Augusto , Cavagna Lorenzo , Petretto Andrea , Pratesi Federico , Migliorini Paola , Locatelli Francesco , Pazzola Giulia , Pesce Giampaola , Bagnasco Marcello  , Manfredi Angelo , Ramirez Giuseppe A , Esposito Pasquale , Murdaca Giuseppe , Negrini Simone , Cipriani Leda , Trezzi Barbara , Emmi Giacomo , Cavazzana Ilaria , Binda Valentina , Fenaroli Paride , Pisani Isabella , Garibotto Giacomo , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Santoro Domenico , Scolari Francesco , Mosca Marta , Tincani Angela  , Candiano Giovanni , Prunotto Marco , Volpi Stefano , Verrina Enrico , Angeletti Andrea , Ravelli Angelo , Ghiggeri Gian Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Serum anti-dsDNA and anti-nucleosome IgGs have been proposed as signatures for SLE and LN in limited numbers of patients. We sought to show higher sensitivity and specificity of the same antibodies with the IgG2 isotype and included IgG2 antibodies vs specific intracellular antigens in the analysis.

Methods
A total of 1052 SLE patients with (n = 479) and without (n = 573) LN, recruited at different times from the beginning of symptoms, were included in the study. Patients with primary APS (PAPS, n = 24), RA (RA, n = 24) and UCTD (UCTD, n = 96) were analysed for comparison. Anti-nucleosome (dsDNA, Histone2A, Histone3), anti-intracellular antigens (ENO1), anti-annexin A1 and anti-C1q IgG2 were determined by non-commercial techniques.

Results
The presence in the serum of the IgG2 panel was highly discriminatory for SLE/LN vs healthy subjects. Serum levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q IgG2 were more sensitive than those of IgGs (Farr radioimmunoassay/commercial assays) in identifying SLE patients at low–medium increments. Of more importance, serum positivity for anti-ENO1 and anti-H2A IgG2 discriminated between LN and SLE (ROC T0–12 months), and high levels at T0–1 month were detected in 63% and 67%, respectively, of LN, vs 3% and 3%, respectively, of SLE patients; serum positivity for each of these was correlated with high SLEDAI values. Minor differences existed between LN/SLE and the other rheumatologic conditions.

Conclusion
Nephritogenic IgG2 antibodies represent a specific signature of SLE/LN, with a few overlaps with other rheumatologic conditions. High levels of anti-ENO1 and anti-H2A IgG2 correlated with SLE activity indexes and were discriminatory between SLE patients limited to the renal complication and other SLE patients.

Trial registration
The Zeus study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02403115.
Association between comorbidities and disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis: results from the BSRBR-AS
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Jones Gareth T , Macfarlane Gary J , Hughes David M , Moots Robert J , Goodson Nicola J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Whether comorbidities influence disease activity assessment in axial SpA (axSpA) is unclear. Comorbidities inflate DAS28 in rheumatoid arthritis through the patient global score. We examined whether axSpA disease activity measures are differentially affected, and whether comorbidities inflate the AS disease activity score (ASDAS) through the patient global component.

Methods
We used baseline data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for AS, including 14 physician diagnosed comorbidities. Linear models were used to compare disease activity (BASDAI, spinal pain, ASDAS) and ESR/CRP according to comorbidity count, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, socioeconomic status, and education. The same models were used to examine whether the patient global score was associated with comorbidities, additionally adjusting for other ASDAS components.

Results
The number of participants eligible for analysis was 2043 (67% male, mean age 49 years); 44% had at least one comorbidity. Each additional comorbidity was associated with higher BASDAI by 0.40 units (95% CI: 0.27, 0.52) and spinal pain by 0.53 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.68). Effect size for ASDAS (0.09 units; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15) was not clinically significant. ESR and CRP were not associated with comorbidity count. Depression, heart failure and peptic ulcer were consistently associated with higher disease activity measures, but not CRP/ESR. Patient global was associated with comorbidity count, but not independently of other ASDAS components (P = 0.75).

Conclusion
Comorbidities were associated with higher patient reported disease activity in axSpA. Clinicians should be mindful of the potential impact of comorbidities on patient reported outcome measures and consider additionally collecting ASDAS when comorbidities are present.
Detection of circulating highly expanded T-cell clones in at-risk individuals for rheumatoid arthritis before the clinical onset of the disease
Authors: Lamacchia Céline , Calderin Sollet Zuleika , Courvoisier Delphine , Mongin Denis , Palmer Gaby , Studer Oliva , Gabay Cem , Villard Jean , Buhler Stéphane , Finckh Axel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo quantitatively profile the T-cell repertoire in the peripheral blood of individuals genetically at risk for RA, namely first-degree relatives of RA patients (RA-FDR) at different phases of disease development.MethodsNext-generation sequencing of the TCR CDR3β repertoire was performed on genomic DNA isolated from whole blood samples of RA-FDR selected at three different pre-clinical stages and of matched RA patients (n = 20/group). T-cell clones were identified by their unique sequence and their degree of expansion (frequency) within each sample was characterized. Clones with a frequency over 0.5% were considered highly expanded clones (HEC).ResultsThe absolute number of HEC was significantly higher in established RA patients (mean 4.65) and tended to be higher in symptomatic RA-FDR (mean 3.4) compared with asymptomatic RA-FDR (mean 1.55, P =0.003 and P =0.07, respectively). Asymptomatic individuals with high levels of ACPA did not differ from asymptomatic RA-FDR in terms of absolute number and frequency of clones. The number of HEC tended to be slightly higher at the time of RA onset (P =0.055). Neither clones shared by several patients, nor clones previously associated with RA, were preferentially present within or between the different groups. Finally, a longitudinal analysis did not allow to uncover a kinetic expansion of RA-specific clones closely correlated with disease development.ConclusionsHEC were detected in the peripheral blood before the clinical onset of RA, in particular in the later pre-clinical phase of RA development, and their presence increased over time.
Kraepelin’s Final Views on Dementia Praecox
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 1921, at the age of 65, 6 years after completing the final edition of his textbook, 22 years after first proposing the concept of dementia praecox (DP), and 1 year before retiring from clinical work, Emil Kraepelin completed the last edition of his “Introduction to Clinical Psychiatry,” which contained a mini-textbook for students, 10 pages of which were devoted to DP. This work also included a series of new detailed case histories, 3 of which examined DP. This neglected text represents a distillation of what Kraepelin judged, near the end of his long career, to be the essential features of DP. The relevant text and case histories are translated into English for the first time. Kraepelin did not define DP solely by its chronic course and poor prognosis, acknowledging that remissions and even full recovery might be possible. His clinical description emphasized the frequency of bizarre delusions and passivity symptoms. He recognized the heterogeneity of the clinical presentations, outlining 6 subtypes of DP, including dementia simplex, depressive and stuporous dementia, and an agitated and circular DP. Kraepelin’s original concept of DP was not impervious to change and expanded somewhat, especially with the inclusion of Diem’s concept of simple DP. He also reviews several contributions of Bleuler, including his concept “latent schizophrenia.” He writes poignantly of the psychological consequences of DP. His 3 DP cases, for advanced students, included simple DP, “periodic catatonic,” and “speech confusion.”
Clinical, haematological and biochemical profiling of podoconiosis lymphoedema patients prior to their involvement in a clinical trial in the Northwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndzeshang Bertrand Lontum , Mbiakop Randy Tchachoua , Nchanji Gordon Takop , Kien Chi Anizette , Amambo Glory Ngongeh , Abong Raphael Awah , Yuyun Timothy , Beng Amuam Andrew , Bonekeh John , Ritter Manuel , Esum Mathias Eyong , Cho Jerome Fru , Njouendou Abdel Jelil , Ndifor Ignatius Nde , Deribe Kebede , Fombad Fanny Fri , Enyong Peter , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Hoerauf Achim , Wanji Samuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Prior to carrying out clinical trials, it is important to assess the health status of the study participants to be able to interpret subsequent changes that may be related to the effects of the treatments during the follow-up of patients. This study presents the clinical, haematological and biochemical profiles of podoconiosis patients prior to their involvement in the PodoLEDoxy clinical trial.

Methods
All lower limb lymphoedema patients visiting the centre were screened and a podoconiosis diagnosis was based on clinical manifestation and detailed medical history. Patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study and their demographic data, vital signs and medical history were collected followed by biochemical and haematological examinations.

Results
Of the 222 participants enrolled in the study, 55.4% and 41.4% had either stage 3 or 2 podoconiosis as their highest stages, respectively. On physical examination, gastritis (46%) and poor vision (2.7%) were the most prevalent health issues identified. The majority of haematological and biochemical values were within the normal range except for mean platelet volume (47.7%), plateletcrit (58.1%), platelet distribution width (66.2%), mean corpuscular volume (67.6%) and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (79.3%), where &gt;40% of the study participants had values out of the normal.

Conclusion
The clinical, haematological and biochemical profiles of the study participants were largely within the normal range except for certain haematological parameters that might be worth investigating.
Current status and hurdles for CAR-T cell immune therapy
Authors: Zhao Ruocong , Cui Yuanbin , Li Shanglin , Qin Le , Li Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have emerged as novel and promising immune therapies for the treatment of multiple types of cancer in patients with hematological malignancies. There are several key components critical for development and application of CAR-T therapy. First, the design of CAR vectors can considerably affect several aspects of the physiological functions of these T cells. Moreover, despite the wide use of γ-retrovirus and lentivirus in mediating gene transfer into T cells, optimal CAR delivery systems are also being developed and evaluated. In addition, several classes of mouse models have been used to evaluate the efficacies of CAR-T cells; however, each model has its own limitations. Clinically, although surprising complete remission (CR) rates were observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM), there is still a lack of specific targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia relapse remains a major challenge, and its mechanism is presently under investigation. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity are life-threatening adverse effects that need to be carefully treated. Several factors that compromise the activities of anti-solid cancer CAR-T cells have been recognized, and further improvements targeting these factors are the focus of the development of novel CAR-T cells. Overcoming the current hurdles will lead to optimal responses of CAR-T cells, thus paving the way for their wide clinical application.
Novel chimeric antigen receptor T cells based on T-cell receptor-like antibodies
Authors: Zhao Qi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The need for novel therapeutics against human cancers such as leukemias and solid tumors is well recognized. Human T cells are poised to make a fundamental change in the therapeutic approach. T-cell interaction with a tumor cell is a critical event and primarily driven by T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide in the pocket HLA. However, among TCR-based T-cell therapies, either TCR mismatching or the low density of major histocompatibility complex causes tumor cells to escape from the immune response. TCR molecules have low binding affinities, preventing their recognitions. Undoubtedly, antibody therapeutics is an effective treatment for cancer. As the new generation of monoclonal antibodies, TCR-like antibodies can mimic TCR recognition but are not susceptible for mechanisms of tumor evasion from the immune response. As chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structure expressed on the surface of T cells, TCR-like antibodies can confer antigen specificity to T cells. The new TCR-like CAR may be important to drive new technologies of adoptive cell therapy, in particular, T-cell therapy, and open possibilities to target endogenous tumor-specific antigens.