bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant dispersal strategies in primary succession on the Tolbachinsky Dol volcanic Plateau (Russia)
Authors: Korablev Anton , Smirnov Vadim , Neshataeva Valentina , Kuzmin Igor , Nekrasov Timofey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsDispersal strategies are crucial in the colonization of disturbed landscapes. This influences species expansion in early‐successional areas, determines dispersal distances, and affects the structure of communities. Volcanic eruptions destroy vegetation over vast areas and trigger community assembly processes in hostile environments. The questions are (a) Which dispersal strategies are advantageous during the colonization of primary areas? (b) Which environmental constraints drive species distributions according to their dispersal strategies? (c) Which dispersal or establishment traits are beneficial in the filtering processes during the community assembly?LocationThe study area was located in a primary volcanic habitat formed by the volcanic eruption in 1975–1976 in Tolbachinskii Dol Plateau, Kamchatka, Russia.MethodsThe composition of vascular plant species along environmental gradients was recorded. The proportion of species with different dispersal strategies was analysed under various conditions to determine the most successful dispersal mode. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between dispersal modes and environmental variables. Filtering processes acting on dispersal or establishment traits were revealed using linear modelling.ResultsSpecies without appendages for wind dispersal predominated in remote exposed sites, while species with seeds adapted for effective wind dispersal were common in more vegetated habitats, which support trapping and facilitation. Endozoochorous seeds occurred in woody communities and predominated in mature forests. The results show that the determinants of species composition according to dispersal mode are woody debris, shrub layer coverage and microrelief. Dispersal modes and life‐forms converged in the most severe habitats.ConclusionsOn the tephra plain, species without special adaptations for wind dispersal benefitted through the colonization of primary habitats, whereas anemochorous seeds were blown into natural traps. The aerodynamic characteristics of seeds and the turbulent features of habitats were important in primary succession, as well as biotic facilitation and environmental conditions. Both dispersal and environmental filters interactively shaped the community structure in early succession.
Protection of Geographical Indications in ASEAN countries: Convergences and challenges to awakening sleeping Geographical Indications
Authors: Marie‐Vivien Delphine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeographical indications (GIs) that identify products of origin were born in Southern Europe and extensively internationalized thanks to the World Trade Organization 1994 Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement. This paper investigates how GIs have developed in ASEAN and Asia, the most active new area for GIs worldwide. We explore the different legislations and their practical implementation in eight out of 10 ASEAN countries with a sui generis system (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Singapore, Myanmar); and in India and Japan, two Asian countries with active GI policies. Building on a comparative analysis of these countries and the EU regulations on GIs, this paper focuses on the following aspects of the GI system: the sui generis institutional system and the kind of goods protected by GIs, the scope of protection against misuses, the nature of the applicants, and the nature of control of the GI before and after registration. The paper then identifies convergences and shared challenges and recommends some strategies to ensure the success of GIs in Asia. The main challenges shared by Asian countries concern the numerous registered GIs that are not used on the market, that is, they are Sleeping Beauties waiting to be awakened. This is explained by the convergence among ASEAN and Asian countries to a top‐down state‐driven approach. To move forward, we recommend more involvement of collective organizations to bring together value chain stakeholders who should play a central role in drawing up and managing GIs.
Sectioning effects of porphyritic chondrules: Implications for the PP/POP/PO classification and correcting modal abundances of mineralogically zoned chondrules
Authors: Barosch Jens , Hezel Dominik C. , Sawatzki Lena , Halbauer Lucia , Marrocchi Yves 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMineralogically zoned chondrules are a common chondrule type in chondrites. They consist of olivine cores, surrounded by low‐Ca pyroxene rims. By serial sectioning porphyritic chondrules from carbonaceous, ordinary, and enstatite chondrites, we demonstrate that the 2‐D textural appearances of these chondrules largely depend on where they are cut. The same chondrule may appear as a porphyritic pyroxene (PP) chondrule when sectioned through the low‐Ca pyroxene rim, and as a porphyritic olivine‐pyroxene (POP) or porphyritic olivine (PO) chondrule when sectioned close or through its equator. Chondrules previously classified into PP/POP/PO chondrules might therefore not represent different types, but various sections through mineralogically zoned chondrules. Classifying chondrule textures into PP, POP, and PO has therefore no unequivocal genetic meaning, it is merely descriptive. Sectioning effects further introduce a systematic bias when determining mineralogically zoned chondrule fractions from 2‐D sections. We determined correction factors to estimate 3‐D mineralogically zoned chondrule fractions when these have been determined in 2‐D sections: 1.24 for carbonaceous chondrites, 1.29 for ordinary chondrites, and 1.62 for enstatite chondrites. Using these factors then shows that mineralogically zoned chondrules are the dominant chondrule type in chondrites with estimated 3‐D fractions of 92% in CC, 52% in OC, and 46% in EC.
Cosmic‐ray exposure age and heliocentric distance of the parent body of the Rumuruti chondrite PRE 95410
Authors: Obase Tomoya , Nakashima Daisuke , Nakamura Tomoki , Nagao Keisuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe measured concentrations and isotopic ratios of noble gases in the Rumuruti (R) chondrite Mount Prestrud (PRE) 95410, a regolith breccia exhibiting dark/light structures. The meteorite contains solar and cosmogenic noble gases. Based on the solar and cosmogenic noble gas compositions, we calculated a heliocentric distance of its parent body, a cosmic‐ray exposure age on the parent body regolith (parent body exposure age), and a cosmic‐ray exposure age in interplanetary space (space exposure age) of the meteorite. Assuming a constant solar wind flux, the estimated heliocentric distance was smaller than 1.4 ± 0.3 au, suggesting inward migration from the asteroid belt regions where the parent body formed. The largest known Mars Trojan 5261 Eureka is a potential parent body of PRE 95410. Alternatively, it is possible that the solar wind flux at the time of the parent body exposure was higher by a factor of 2–3 compared to the lunar regolith exposure. In this case, the estimated heliocentric distance is within the asteroid belt region. The parent body exposure age is longer than 19.1 Ma. This result indicates frequent impact events on the parent body like that recorded for other solar‐gas‐rich meteorites. Assuming single‐stage exposure after an ejection event from the parent body, the space exposure age is 11.0 ± 1.1 Ma, which is close to the peak of ~10 Ma in the exposure age distribution for the solar‐gas‐free R chondrites.
Meta‐analysis of dietary supplementation effect of turmeric and curcumin on growth performance in fish
Authors: Fagnon Mahougnon Siméon , Thorin Chantal , Calvez Segolène 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant‐based additives are currently used in aquaculture for their various beneficial properties. Curcumin and turmeric are usually applied for their interesting results on growth performance of fish. In this paper, the effect of dietary inclusion of curcumin and turmeric powder on growth performance in fish was studied. Twenty data sets from 5 studies and 29 data sets from 8 publications were respectively computed for curcumin and turmeric in this analysis. Specific growth rate (SGR) was the quantitative criteria recorded for each data set. After, a brief systemic summary of each study, the quantitative analysis was performed. Results showed a significant increase in pooled standard mean difference (SMD) for both fixed and random model in curcumin and turmeric. Although fish species were categorized into family (subcategory), high heterogeneity (>96%) was found in all random and fixed model analysis. Contrary to turmeric, higher curcumin inclusion results in lower specific growth rate. The higher effect sizes observed when fed curcumin at lower inclusion levels suggests that feeding low levels of phytochemicals might be beneficial and its content in turmeric should be analysed for quite homogeneous feed. This study contributes to the analysis of overall growth performance properties of turmeric and curcumin incorporation in fish diet, irrespective to their strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities.
A Method for Comparing the Impact on Carcinogenicity of Tobacco Products: A Case Study on Heated Tobacco Versus Cigarettes
Authors: Slob Wout , Soeteman‐Hernández Lya G. , Bil Wieneke , Staal Yvonne C.M. , Stephens W. Edryd , Talhout Reinskje 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComparing the harmful health effects related to two different tobacco products by applying common risk assessment methods to each individual compound is problematic. We developed a method that circumvents some of these problems by focusing on the change in cumulative exposure (CCE) of the compounds emitted by the two products considered. The method consists of six steps. The first three steps encompass dose‐response analysis of cancer data, resulting in relative potency factors with confidence intervals. The fourth step evaluates emission data, resulting in confidence intervals for the expected emission of each compound. The fifth step calculates the change in CCE, probabilistically, resulting in an uncertainty range for the CCE. The sixth step estimates the associated health impact by combining the CCE with relevant dose‐response information. As an illustrative case study, we applied the method to eight carcinogens occurring both in the emissions of heated tobacco products (HTPs), a novel class of tobacco products, and tobacco smoke. The CCE was estimated to be 10‐ to 25‐fold lower when using HTPs instead of cigarettes. Such a change indicates a substantially smaller reduction in expected life span, based on available dose‐response information in smokers. However, this is a preliminary conclusion, as only eight carcinogens were considered so far. Furthermore, an unfavorable health impact related to HTPs remains as compared to complete abstinence. Our method results in useful information that may help policy makers in better understanding the potential health impact of new tobacco and related products. A similar approach can be used to compare the carcinogenicity of other mixtures.
“I have been refused to be treated by three dentists”: Barriers to patient care
Authors: Abed Hassan , Abuljadayel Jameel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFactor X deficiency (known as; Stuart‐Prower factor deficiency or F10 deficiency) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder. It affects one per 1 million individuals worldwide. Patients with inherited bleeding disorder reported difficulty in accessing primary dental care either due to their medical diseases or their related barriers.AimThis article aims to identify barriers to oral health as perceived by the patient with factor X deficiency who had been refused treatment by three dentists. A further aim is to provide dentists with the knowledge required to manage patients diagnosed with factor X deficiency.Methods and Case ReportA 30‐year‐old male with the inherited, severe factor X deficiency (<1%) was asked to complete a survey which includes 22 semistructured, validated questions to assess his perceived barriers to dental services. Dental examination revealed that the patient required having nonsurgical periodontal therapy under local anesthesia. The treatment plan was discussed with the patient and his hematologist. The patient's hematologist advised performing dental treatment shortly (ie, 1‐2 h) after hematological cover with a prothrombin complex concentrate (1000 U; Octoplex®) via intravenous infusion. The hematologist also prescribed tranexamic acid mouthwash (250 mg in 5 mL) and the patient was instructed to rinse his mouth for 3‐5 min with 500 μg (10 mL) in case of bleeding following treatment.FindingsThe patient reported several barriers to dental services such as high anxiety levels regarding oral bleeding, difficulty in finding a suitable dental clinic, high cost of dental treatment, and the need for hematological cover prior to dental treatment.ConclusionsThe proper communication between dentist and hematologist was a vital step to render safe and effective dental care and to reduce the patient's anxiety toward the dentist.
Optimism and pessimism: A cross‐country comparison
Authors: Rehman Fahd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptimism and pessimism influence economic choices. If consumers are optimistic, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their budget shares on luxuries and a lesser proportion on necessities. Many models of consumer expenditure do not take into account the influence of optimism and pessimism. This paper demonstrates a way to indirectly measure optimism and pessimism by focusing on patterns in Engel curve residuals for necessities and luxuries. Using the revised International Comparison Program (ICP) 2005 data covering 144 countries, this paper presents economy‐wide optimism and pessimism indicators. These indicators provide a useful complement to traditional economic measures of standard of living such as real gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. These indicators are non‐economic in traditional terms. However, since they are constructed as residuals from an economic analysis, they could act as a very useful complement to traditional economic indicators and, as such, may be termed “quality of life” indicators.
Deterrent factors of blood donation among lapsed blood donors in the fixed sites of Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Cheng Hung , Zhao Yu Ying , Yang Gan Ping , Hung Chi Ming 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesFixed blood donation sites are crucial sources in the stabilization process of blood bank stock level. In addition to recruiting new donors, ensuring that donors at a fixed site continue to donate blood and preventing donors from becoming lapsed donors is equally critical.Materials and MethodsA total of 56 137 donors who had made whole blood donation at a fixed blood donation site in the past 2 years (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017), but failed to make another donation in the past year (from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017) were defined as lapsed donors in Kaohsiung Blood Center. This study sent questionnaires to these lapsed donors by mail to determine the blood donation motivation and deterrent factors.ResultsFirst‐time donors, female donors, donors of 17–30 years old, students, service sector employees, donors who last donated at a mobile blood donation vehicle and donors who have only made one donation are the primary focal point of this study. These donors are the lapsed donors from fixed blood donation sites. This study revealed that lapsed donors from different demographic groups indeed have different motivation and deterrent factors. However, the majority of donors do not oppose blood donation. The main reason for them to stop donating blood is work and family.ConclusionAnalysing the features of lapsed donors helps develop strategies for stabilizing the blood bank stock level, thereby enhancing invitations to specific groups to increase blood donation frequency and transforming donors into regular donors.
Definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiation therapy provides similar outcomes to those previously published for definitive‐intent three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy in dogs with primary brain tumors: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Van Asselt Nathaniel , Christensen Neil , Meier Valeria , Rohrer Bley Carla , Laliberte Sarah , Poirier Valerie J. , Desai Noopur , Chen Yi , Turek Michelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy with or without surgery is a common choice for brain tumors in dogs. Although numerous studies have evaluated use of three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy, reports of definitive‐intent, IMRT for canine intracranial tumors are lacking. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy has the benefit of decreasing dose to nearby organs at risk and may aid in reducing toxicity. However, increasing dose conformity with IMRT calls for accurate target delineation and daily patient positioning, in order to decrease the risk of a geographic miss. To determine survival outcome and toxicity, we performed a multi‐institutional retrospective observational study evaluating dogs with brain tumors treated with IMRT. Fifty‐two dogs treated with fractionated, definitive‐intent IMRT at four academic radiotherapy facilities were included. All dogs presented with neurologic signs and were diagnosed via MRI. Presumed radiological diagnoses included 37 meningiomas, 12 gliomas, and one peripheral nerve sheath tumor. One dog had two presumed meningiomas and one dog had either a glioma or meningioma. All dogs were treated in the macroscopic disease setting and were prescribed a total dose of 45‐50 Gy (2.25‐2.5 Gy per fraction in 18‐20 daily fractions). Median survival time for all patients, including seven cases treated with a second course of therapy was 18.1 months (95% confidence of interval 12.3‐26.6 months). As previously described for brain tumors, increasing severity of neurologic signs at diagnosis was associated with a worse outcome. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was well tolerated with few reported acute, acute delayed, or late side effects.
A Trial of the Effect of 2-Step Orthosis Treatment for Mallet Finger Fractures
Authors: Saito Kazuo , Kihara Hitoshi 
Published: May 2020

Context: Many patients report poor therapeutic outcomes following mallet finger fracture surgery. A more reliable technique is urgently needed. Objective: To present a novel treatment for mallet finger fractures using a 2-step orthosis method. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Hospital. Participants: Patients with mallet finger fractures. Interventions: The finger is fixed with splints for 6 weeks, including 3 weeks for the proximal interphalangeal joint in the flexion position and the distal interphalangeal joint in the hyperextension position (first splint) and 3 weeks for the distal interphalangeal joint in the hyperextension position (second splint). Up to week 8, the second splint was attached at night and during physical exertion. Main Outcome Measures: Crawford criteria, Abouna–Brown criteria, bone fusion, grip strength, Doyle classification, Ishiguro classification. Results: Sufficient bone fusion was achieved 12 weeks after fixation; at which time, the range of motion with the distal interphalangeal joint flexed, and extended in the 3 patients was 50° and 0°, 70° and −3°, and 60° and 0°, respectively. The right and left hand grip strengths in the 3 patients were 58 and 55 kg, 62 and 58 kg, and 31 and 29 kg, respectively; there were no problems with respect to function or work. The first 2 patients could start sports again with partial return after 1 week and complete return after 12 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively. For the third patient, rehabilitation was complete after 16 weeks. Evaluation of the fracture sites based on the Crawford criteria showed the condition to be perfect, and evaluation based on the Abouna–Brown criteria showed success. Conclusions: This method provides satisfactory fixation and can prevent proximal interphalangeal joint contracture. Favorable long-term outcomes were confirmed in all patients, suggesting that this method may be effective for previously untreated mallet finger fractures with little displacement.
The Role of Antigen Spreading in the Efficacy of Immunotherapies
Authors: Brossart Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The introduction and the unexpected efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and more recently of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T-cells) in the treatment of malignant diseases boosted the efforts in the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, the definition of predictive factors associated with clinical responses as well as the identification of underlying mechanisms that promote the therapeutic efficacy remain to be determined. Starting from the first immunotherapeutic trials, it became evident that vaccine-induced tumor-specific T cells or the adoptive transfer of ex vivo–expanded T lymphocytes can recognize and eliminate malignant cells leading to long-lasting remissions in some patients. In addition, a phenomenon called epitope spreading, which was observed in responding patients, seemed to increase the efficiency possibly representing an important predictive factor. This review will focus on experimental and clinical evidence for the induction of epitope spreading and its role in the maintenance of an efficient antitumor immune response in cancer immunotherapy.
Infection-Related Hospitalization in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Drozd Michael , Garland Ellis , Walker Andrew M.N. , Slater Thomas A. , Koshy Aaron , Straw Sam , Gierula John , Paton Maria , Lowry Judith , Sapsford Robert , Witte Klaus K. , Kearney Mark T. , Cubbon Richard M. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Hospitalization is a common adverse event in people with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, yet is often not primarily due to decompensated heart failure (HF). We investigated the long-term prognosis following infection-related hospitalization.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 711 people with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction recruited from 4 specialist HF clinics in the United Kingdom. All hospitalization episodes (n=1568) were recorded and categorized as primarily due to decompensated HF, other cardiovascular disease, infection-related, or other noncardiovascular disease. Survival was determined after the first hospitalization.

Results:
During 2900 patient-years of follow-up, there were a total of 14 686 hospital days. At least one hospitalization occurred in 467 people (66%); 25% of first hospitalizations were primarily due to infection and these were not associated with typical signs including tachycardia and pyrexia. Compared with other categories of hospitalization, infection-related was associated with older age, lower serum albumin, higher blood neutrophil counts, and greater prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at recruitment. Median survival after first infection-related hospitalization was 18.6 months, comparable to that after first decompensated HF hospitalization, even after age-sex adjustment. The burden of all-cause rehospitalization was comparable irrespective of the category of first hospitalization, but infection more commonly caused re-hospitalization after index infection hospitalization.

Conclusions:
Infection is a common driver of hospitalization in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and often presents without classical signs. It is associated with high mortality rates, comparable to decompensated HF, and a major burden of rehospitalization caused by recurrent episodes of infection.