bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generational Accounting in Portugal
Authors: Pinheiro Jorge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe social and economic developments in European countries have put pressure on their national budgets and threaten the sustainability of public policies. The traditional fiscal indicators, specifically, the deficit and the debt, which are still used today as guiding tools, have proved to be insufficient, due to their arbitrary nature and short-term focus. In this paper, we resort to an alternative fiscal indicator, known as ‘generational accounting’, which is able to incorporate the future changes in the demographic structure of the population, and their corresponding impact on public accounts. It is also able to evaluate how current fiscal policy affects, not only, current generations, but also future generations. We apply this methodology to assess the long-term fiscal situation of Portugal, and compare the results with those obtained in 1999. In this context, we also explore additional scenarios, as well as additional indicators, in order to provide some robustness to our findings. Our results show that, if the current fiscal policy is not significantly changed, future generations will face a much heavier fiscal burden than current generations.
Evaluation of scenario reduction algorithms with nested distance
Authors: Horejšová Markéta , Vitali Sebastiano , Kopa Miloš , Moriggia Vittorio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultistage stochastic optimization is used to solve many real-life problems where decisions are taken at multiple times. Such problems need the representation of stochastic processes, which are usually approximated by scenario trees. In this article, we implement seven scenario reduction algorithms: three based on random extraction, named Random, and four based on specific distance measures, named Distance-based. Three of the latter are well known in literature while the fourth is a new approach, namely nodal clustering. We compare all the algorithms in terms of computational cost and information cost. The computational cost is measured by the time needed for the reduction, while the information cost is measured by the nested distance between the original and the reduced tree. Moreover, we also formulate and solve a multistage stochastic portfolio selection problem to measure the distance between the optimal solutions and between the optimal objective values of the original and the reduced tree.
Educational Differences in Cohort Fertility Across Sub-national Regions in Europe
Authors: Nisén Jessica , Klüsener Sebastian , Dahlberg Johan , Dommermuth Lars , Jasilioniene Aiva , Kreyenfeld Michaela , Lappegård Trude , Li Peng , Martikainen Pekka , Neels Karel , Riederer Bernhard , te Riele Saskia , Szabó Laura , Trimarchi Alessandra , Viciana Francisco , Wilson Ben , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEducational differences in female cohort fertility vary strongly across high-income countries and over time, but knowledge about how educational fertility differentials play out at the sub-national regional level is limited. Examining these sub-national regional patterns might improve our understanding of national patterns, as regionally varying contextual conditions may affect fertility. This study provides for the first time for a large number of European countries a comprehensive account of educational differences in the cohort fertility rate (CFR) at the sub-national regional level. We harmonise data from population registers, censuses, and large-sample surveys for 15 countries to measure women’s completed fertility by educational level and region of residence at the end of the reproductive lifespan. In order to explore associations between educational differences in CFRs and levels of economic development, we link our data to regional GDP per capita. Empirical Bayesian estimation is used to reduce uncertainty in the regional fertility estimates. We document an overall negative gradient between the CFR and level of education, and notable regional variation in the gradient. The steepness of the gradient is inversely related to the economic development level. It is steepest in the least developed regions and close to zero in the most developed regions. This tendency is observed within countries as well as across all regions of all countries. Our findings underline the variability of educational gradients in women’s fertility, suggest that higher levels of development may be associated with less negative gradients, and call for more in-depth sub-national-level fertility analyses by education.
Predicting the growth of lettuce from soil infrared reflectance spectra: the potential for crop management
Authors: Breure T. S. , Milne A. E. , Webster R. , Haefele S. M. , Hannam J. A. , Moreno-Rojas S. , Corstanje R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow well could one predict the growth of a leafy crop from reflectance spectra from the soil and how might a grower manage the crop in the light of those predictions? Topsoil from two fields was sampled and analysed for various nutrients, particle-size distribution and organic carbon concentration. Crop measurements (lettuce diameter) were derived from aerial-imagery. Reflectance spectra were obtained in the laboratory from the soil in the near- and mid-infrared ranges, and these were used to predict crop performance by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Individual soil properties were also predicted from the spectra by PLSR. These estimated soil properties were used to predict lettuce diameter with a linear model (LM) and a linear mixed model (LMM): considering differences between lettuce varieties and the spatial correlation between data points. The PLSR predictions of the soil properties and lettuce diameter were close to observed values. Prediction of lettuce diameter from the estimated soil properties with the LMs gave somewhat poorer results than PLSR that used the soil spectra as predictor variables. Predictions from LMMs were more precise than those from the PLSR using soil spectra. All model predictions improved when the effects of variety were considered. Predictions from the reflectance spectra, via the estimation of soil properties, can enable growers to decide what treatments to apply to grow lettuce and how to vary their treatments within their fields to maximize the net profit from the crop.
The Archives Made Me Do It
Authors: Mukerji Chandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper is a reflection on the power of archives in driving research. Just as much as informants draw the attention of researchers to social patterns, archives do, too. Both archival and ethnographic research depends on the authority of written documents like field notes and official papers—even in the sociology of art. Archives consist mainly of papers about objects and property. I argue that the material turn in my work and the study of logistics as a form of power became important to me because of my archival experience. Sociologists recognize the importance of property as a driver of social relations of power, but they rarely study logistical power. I do, but only because the archives demonstrated its importance.
A novel six-legged walking machine tool for in-situ operations
Authors: Liu Jimu , Tian Yuan , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe manufacture and maintenance of large parts in ships, trains, aircrafts, and so on create an increasing demand for mobile machine tools to perform in-situ operations. However, few mobile robots can accommodate the complex environment of industrial plants while performing machining tasks. This study proposes a novel six-legged walking machine tool consisting of a legged mobile robot and a portable parallel kinematic machine tool. The kinematic model of the entire system is presented, and the workspace of different components, including a leg, the body, and the head, is analyzed. A hierarchical motion planning scheme is proposed to take advantage of the large workspace of the legged mobile platform and the high precision of the parallel machine tool. The repeatability of the head motion, body motion, and walking distance is evaluated through experiments, which is 0.11, 1.0, and 3.4 mm, respectively. Finally, an application scenario is shown in which the walking machine tool steps successfully over a 250 mm-high obstacle and drills a hole in an aluminum plate. The experiments prove the rationality of the hierarchical motion planning scheme and demonstrate the extensive potential of the walking machine tool for in-situ operations on large parts.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the nucleic acid-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3e
Authors: Korn Sophie M. , Dhamotharan Karthikeyan , Fürtig Boris , Hengesbach Martin , Löhr Frank , Qureshi Nusrat S. , Richter Christian , Saxena Krishna , Schwalbe Harald , Tants Jan-Niklas , Weigand Julia E. , Wöhnert Jens , Schlundt Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) demonstrates the urgent need of coordinated and rapid research towards inhibitors of the COVID-19 lung disease. The covid19-nmr consortium seeks to support drug development by providing publicly accessible NMR data on the viral RNA elements and proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes for approximately 30 proteins, among them are the 16 so-called non-structural proteins (Nsps) of the replication/transcription complex. The 217-kDa large Nsp3 spans one polypeptide chain, but comprises multiple independent, yet functionally related domains including the viral papain-like protease. The Nsp3e sub-moiety contains a putative nucleic acid-binding domain (NAB) with so far unknown function and consensus target sequences, which are conceived to be both viral and host RNAs and DNAs, as well as protein-protein interactions. Its NMR-suitable size renders it an attractive object to study, both for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 architecture and drugability besides the classical virus’ proteases. We here report the near-complete NMR backbone chemical shifts of the putative Nsp3e NAB that reveal the secondary structure and compactness of the domain, and provide a basis for NMR-based investigations towards understanding and interfering with RNA- and small-molecule-binding by Nsp3e.
Hypercalcaemia after treatment with denosumab in children: bisphosphonates as an option for therapy and prevention?
Authors: Sydlik Carmen , Dürr Hans Roland , Pozza Susanne Bechtold-Dalla , Weißenbacher Claudia , Roeb Julia , Schmidt Heinrich 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pharmacologic options for treatment of osteolytic diseases especially in children are limited. Although not licensed for use, denosumab, a fully humanized antibody to RANKL, is used in children with good effects. Among others, one possible indication are giant cell tumors and aneurysmatic bone cysts. However, there are reports of severe hypercalcemia during weeks to months after termination of denosumab, that are rarely seen in adults.

Methods
We collected data of four patients, aged 6–17 years, who experienced severe hypercalcemia after completion of treatment with denosumab for unresectable giant cell tumors of bone or aneurysmal bone cysts and methods of their treatment. The detailed case information were described.

Results
One patient was treated with long-term, high-dose steroid therapy, leading to typical Cushing’s syndrome. Another patient was restarted on denosumab repeatedly due to relapses of hypercalcemia after every stop. Finally, in two patients, hypercalcemia ceased definitely after treatment with bisphosphonates. However, several applications were necessary to stabilize calcium levels.

Conclusions
There is a considerable risk of hypercalcemia as an adverse effect after denosumab treatment in children. Therapeutic and, preferably, preventive strategies are needed. Bisphosphonates seem to be an option for both, but effective proceedings still remain to be established.
Anthraquinone Derivatives as an Immune Booster and their Therapeutic Option Against COVID-19
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Patil B. M. , Chand Jagdish , Naaz Yasmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Anthraquinone derivatives are identified for their immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral efficacy. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the reported anthraquinone derivatives as immune booster molecules in COVID-19 infection and evaluate their binding affinity with three reported targets of novel coronavirus i.e. 3C-like protease, papain-like protease, and spike protein. The reported anthraquinone derivatives were retrieved from an open-source database and filtered based on a positive druglikeness score. Compounds with positive druglikeness scores were predicted for their targets using DIGEP-Pred and the interaction among modulated proteins was evaluated using STRING. Further, the associated pathways were recorded concerning the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. Finally, the docking was performed using autodock4 to identify the binding efficacy of anthraquinone derivatives with 3C-like protease, papain-like protease, and spike protein. After docking the pose of ligand scoring minimum binding energy was chosen to visualize the ligand–protein interaction. Among 101 bioactives, 36 scored positive druglikeness score and regulated multiple pathways concerned with immune modulation and (non-) infectious diseases. Similarly, docking study revealed torososide B to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease and 3C-like protease and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside with spike protein.

Graphic Abstract
Arc-welding based additive manufacturing for body reinforcement in automotive engineering
Authors: Josten A. , Höfemann M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArc-welding based additive manufacturing is a cost-efficient, productive technology which has been shown to be capable of producing high-integrity components. It is suggested that in automotive engineering, this manufacturing process can be used to reinforce body components by generating stiffening elements. Benefits of this method could be more flexural rigidity with comparatively lower material volume. In the current study, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with an advanced short arc welding process with low heat input was chosen. The first objective of the work was to check possibility of generating a gusset plate on zinc-coated car body parts by additive manufacturing, for reinforcing of formed thin steel sheets. The second aim was to increase flexural rigidity of the sheets by depositing weld metal as a grid. Bending tests of the sheets indicated an increased flexural rigidity compared with the parent material. This production method and the results of this study are related to automotive engineering but could be employed for other applications. The aim is to demonstrate how these goals could be approached, what difficulties and limitations exist, and where further research work could be initiated.
What factors have impact on glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency: a real-life study
Authors: Puglisi S. , Rossini A. , Tabaro I. , Cannavò S. , Ferrau’ F. , Ragonese M. , Borretta G. , Pellegrino M. , Dughera F. , Parisi A. , Latina A. , Pia A. , Terzolo M. , Reimondo G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of patient’s characteristics on glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency (AI) is poorly evaluated. Aims of this study were to assess the influence of sex and body weight on GC dosing and to describe the choice of GC in AI of different etiologies.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated hydrocortisone (HC) equivalent total daily dose (HC-TDD) and per-kg-daily dose (HC-KDD) in 203 patients (104 primary AI [pAI], 99 secondary AI [sAI]) followed up for ≥ 12 months. They were treated with HC, modified-release HC (MRHC) or cortisone acetate (CA) and fludrocortisone acetate (FCA) in pAI.

Results
At baseline, CA was preferred both in pAI and sAI; at last visit, MRHC was most used in pAI (49%) and CA in sAI (73.7%). Comparing the last visit with baseline, in pAI, HC-TDD and HC-KDD were significantly lower (p = 0.04 and p = 0.006, respectively), while FCA doses increased during follow-up (p = 0.02). The reduction of HC-TDD and HC-KDD was particularly relevant for pAI women (p = 0.04 and p = 0.002, respectively). In sAI patients, no change of HC-KDD and HC-TDD was observed, and we found a correlation between weight and HC-TDD in males (r 0.35, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Our real-life study demonstrated the influence of etiology of AI on the type of GC used, a weight-based tailoring in sAI, a likely overdosage of GC treatment in pAI women at the start of treatment and the possibility to successfully increase FCA avoiding GC over-treatment. These observations could inform the usual clinical practice.
Experimental and modelling research on coach passengers’ safety in frontal impacts
Authors: Jamroziak Krzysztof , Joszko Kamil , Wolanski Wojciech , Gzik Marek , Burkacki Michal , Suchon Slawomir , Szarek Arkadiusz , Zielonka Karol 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Road traffic accidents involving coaches do not happen very often, but they are very dangerous because they affect a large number of passengers. Coaches (or intercity buses) are not equipped with safety belt harnesses. Valid regulations do not impose any obligation on coach manufacturers to provide intercity buses with either two- or three-point safety belts. This fact may result from the unawareness of risks and injuries that might befall the passengers with no safety belts during accidents. That is the reason why this work aims to compare the aftermath of coach accidents with no safety belts and the ones with safety belts. A detailed aim of this research is to analyse the results of dynamic loads during a frontal impact exerted on coach passengers travelling with and without (two- and three-point) safety belts. This objective was achieved by performing experimental studies and modelling which focused on the process of dynamic load transfer on the human body during a traffic accident. The research was conducted parallel on an adult and a child. The equivalent of a 50th percentile male was a hybrid III dummy (M50), whereas a child at the age of about 10 was represented by a P10 dummy. A numerical model was generated and verified in experimental testing in the scope of kinematics. Also, the comparison of the recorded courses of forces, acceleration, and moments was conducted. The results obtained from the tests were analyzed regarding the injury criteria for head, neck, and thorax. It was observed that both for the two-point safety system and the lack of safety belts, there were high values of acceleration recorded in the centre of gravity of the head. On the basis of the investigations conducted, it was ascertained that only a three-point safety belt system ensures the satisfaction of all injury criteria within admissible standards both in the case of criteria defined in the rules no. 80 and the rules no. 94 determined by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It is the three-point safety belt system which should be obligatory in all intercity buses.
Gender-Related Differences in Associations Between Sexual Abuse and Hypersexuality
Authors: Slavin Melissa N. , Blycker Gretchen R. , Potenza Marc N. , Bőthe Beáta , Demetrovics Zsolt , Kraus Shane W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Individuals with histories of sexual abuse may be more likely to experience sexual-related problems including hypersexuality, but gender-related differences remain unclear.

Aim
This online study examined sexual abuse history and hypersexuality by gender among 16,823 Hungarian adults, adjusting for age, sexual orientation, relationship status, education, employment status, and residence.

Methods
An online questionnaire on one of the largest Hungarian news portals advertised this study examining sexual activities in January 2017. 3 categorizations of age-related sexual abuse were examined: child sexual abuse (CSA) occurring at age 13 and earlier (compared to no abuse), adolescent/adult sexual abuse (AASA; compared to no abuse), and CSA and AASA (CSA/AASA; compared to one age-related category of abuse or the other).

Outcomes
The outcome variable, hypersexuality, was examined as a continuous variable due to the low prevalence of clinical hypersexuality in this sample. 3 multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for covariates aimed to predict hypersexuality from each category of abuse, along with gender and its interaction with each category.

Results
In all models, younger age, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, male gender, single relationship status, less than full-time work, and living in a capital city were associated with hypersexuality, and education was not a significant predictor. CSA, AASA, and CSA/AASA predicted hypersexuality in both men and women. There was a significant interaction between CSA/AASA and gender, such that the relationship between CSA/AASA and hypersexuality was stronger in men than in women.

Clinical Translation
Sexual abuse at each developmental time-point may influence hypersexuality among men and women, although the cumulative impact of CSA and AASA on hypersexuality may be particularly relevant among men.

Strengths & Limitations
This is one of the largest studies to examine gender-related differences in the relationship between sexual abuse and hypersexuality. Nevertheless, our study is cross-sectional, and longitudinal work is needed to determine how sexual abuse affects children, adolescents, and adults throughout their lives.

Conclusion
Developmental impacts of sexual abuse may be considered in a gender-informed fashion in order to develop and optimize effective prevention and treatment strategies for hypersexuality.
High-Fidelity Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Adaptive Gas Turbine Stator-Rotor Flow Interaction at Off-Design Conditions
Authors: Kozak Nikita , Xu Fei , Rajanna Manoj R. , Bravo Luis , Murugan Muthuvel , Ghoshal Anindya , Bazilevs Yuri , Hsu Ming-Chen 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to computationally investigate the impact of an incidence-tolerant rotor blade concept on gas turbine engine performance under off-design conditions. When a gas turbine operates at an off-design condition such as hover flight or takeoff, large-scale flow separation can occur around turbine blades, which causes performance degradation, excessive noise, and critical loss of operability. To alleviate this shortcoming, a novel concept which articulates the rotating turbine blades simultaneous with the stator vanes is explored. We use a finite-element-based moving-domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework to model a single high-pressure turbine stage. The rotor speeds investigated range from 100% down to 50% of the designed condition of 44,700 rpm. This study explores the limits of rotor blade articulation angles and determines the maximal performance benefits in terms of turbine output power and adiabatic efficiency. The results show articulating rotor blades can achieve an efficiency gain of 10% at off-design conditions thereby providing critical leap-ahead design capabilities for the U.S. Army Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program.