bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting OGG1 arrests cancer cell proliferation by inducing replication stress
Authors: Visnes Torkild , Benítez-Buelga Carlos , Cázares-Körner Armando , Sanjiv Kumar , Hanna Bishoy M F , Mortusewicz Oliver , Rajagopal Varshni , Albers Julian J , Hagey Daniel W , Bekkhus Tove , Eshtad Saeed , Baquero Juan Miguel , Masuyer Geoffrey , Wallner Olov , Müller Sarah , Pham Therese , Göktürk Camilla , Rasti Azita , Suman Sharda , Torres-Ruiz Raúl , Sarno Antonio , Wiita Elisée , Homan Evert J , Karsten Stella , Marimuthu Karthick , Michel Maurice , Koolmeister Tobias , Scobie Martin , Loseva Olga , Almlöf Ingrid , Unterlass Judith Edda , Pettke Aleksandra , Boström Johan , Pandey Monica , Gad Helge , Herr Patrick , Jemth Ann-Sofie , El Andaloussi Samir , Kalderén Christina , Rodriguez-Perales Sandra , Benítez Javier , Krokan Hans E , Altun Mikael , Stenmark Pål , Berglund Ulrika Warpman , Helleday Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAltered oncogene expression in cancer cells causes loss of redox homeostasis resulting in oxidative DNA damage, e.g. 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), repaired by base excision repair (BER). PARP1 coordinates BER and relies on the upstream 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) to recognise and excise 8-oxoG. Here we hypothesize that OGG1 may represent an attractive target to exploit reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation in cancer. Although OGG1 depletion is well tolerated in non-transformed cells, we report here that OGG1 depletion obstructs A3 T-cell lymphoblastic acute leukemia growth in vitro and in vivo, validating OGG1 as a potential anti-cancer target. In line with this hypothesis, we show that OGG1 inhibitors (OGG1i) target a wide range of cancer cells, with a favourable therapeutic index compared to non-transformed cells. Mechanistically, OGG1i and shRNA depletion cause S-phase DNA damage, replication stress and proliferation arrest or cell death, representing a novel mechanistic approach to target cancer. This study adds OGG1 to the list of BER factors, e.g. PARP1, as potential targets for cancer treatment.
Historical migration and contemporary health
Authors: Andersen Thomas Barnebeck , Dalgaard Carl-Johan , Skovsgaard Christian Volmer , Selaya Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We argue that migration during the last 500 years induced differences in contemporary health outcomes. The theory behind our analysis builds on three physiological facts. First, vitamin D deficiency is directly associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. Second, the ability of humans to synthesize vitamin D from sunlight (UV-R) declines with skin pigmentation. Third, skin pigmentation is the result of an evolutionary compromise between higher risk of vitamin D deficiency and lower risk of skin cancer. When individuals from high UV-R regions migrate to low UV-R regions, the risk of vitamin D deficiency rises markedly. We develop a measure that allows us to empirically explore the aggregate health consequences of such migration in a long historical perspective. We find that the potential risk of vitamin D deficiency induced by migration during the last half millennium is a robust predictor of present-day aggregate health indicators.
Neural responses reveal associations between personal values and value-based decisions
Authors: Chuang Yun-Shiuan , Su Yu-Shiang , Goh Joshua O S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Personal values are thought to modulate value-based decisions, but the neural mechanisms underlying this influence remain unclear. Using a Lottery Choice Task functional brain imaging experiment, we examined the associations between personal value for hedonism and security (based on the Schwartz Value Survey) and subjective neurocognitive processing of reward and loss probability and magnitude objectively coded in stimuli. Hedonistic individuals accepted more losing stakes and showed increased right dorsolateral prefrontal and striatal and left parietal responses with increasing probability of losing. Individuals prioritizing security rejected more stakes and showed reduced right inferior frontal and amygdala responses with increasing stake magnitude, but increased precuneus responses for high-magnitude high-winning probability. With higher hedonism, task-related functional connectivity with the whole brain was higher in right insula and lower in bilateral habenula. For those with higher security ratings, whole-brain functional connectivity was higher in bilateral insula, supplementary motor areas, right superior frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and lower in right middle occipital gyrus. These findings highlight distinct neural engagement across brain systems involved in reward and affective processing, and cognitive control that subserves how individual differences in personal value for gaining rewards or maintaining status quo modulate value-based decisions
The braincase, brain and palaeobiology of the basal sauropodomorph dinosaurThecodontosaurus antiquus
Authors: Ballell Antonio , King J Logan , Neenan James M , Rayfield Emily J , Benton Michael J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSauropodomorph dinosaurs underwent drastic changes in their anatomy and ecology throughout their evolution. The Late Triassic Thecodontosaurus antiquus occupies a basal position within Sauropodomorpha, being a key taxon for documenting how those morphofunctional transitions occurred. Here, we redescribe the braincase osteology and reconstruct the neuroanatomy of Thecodontosaurus, based on computed tomography data. The braincase of Thecodontosaurus shares the presence of medial basioccipital components of the basal tubera and a U-shaped basioccipital–parabasisphenoid suture with other basal sauropodomorphs and shows a distinct combination of characters: a straight outline of the braincase floor, an undivided metotic foramen, an unossified gap, large floccular fossae, basipterygoid processes perpendicular to the cultriform process in lateral view and a rhomboid foramen magnum. We reinterpret these braincase features in the light of new discoveries in dinosaur anatomy. Our endocranial reconstruction reveals important aspects of the palaeobiology of Thecodontosaurus, supporting a bipedal stance and cursorial habits, with adaptations to retain a steady head and gaze while moving. We also estimate its hearing frequency and range based on endosseous labyrinth morphology. Our study provides new information on the pattern of braincase and endocranial evolution in Sauropodomorpha.
An Evaluation of Faculty Development Programs for Clinician–Educators: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alexandraki Irene , Rosasco Robyn E. , Mooradian Arshag D. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Faculty development (FD) has become increasingly important for clinician–educators. An array of FD programs has been developed, but the impact of these programs on clinician–educators and their learners and workplace is less known. The authors conducted a scoping review to explore the status of program evaluation in FD for clinician–educators to inform future planning and research.

Method
Five databases were searched for articles published from January 1998 to August 2018 using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies that described evaluation methods and outcomes of FD programs for clinician–educators were included. Data were collected and organized according to program domain (teaching, research/scholarship, leadership, or a combination of skills). A modified version of the Kirkpatrick model was used to compare results among studies.

Results
From a total of 2,091 articles, 1,095 were eligible for full review, and 31 met the inclusion criteria. Seven programs targeted only teaching skills, 3 research/scholarship skills, 7 leadership skills, and 14 a combination of skills. Eighteen programs required the completion of a project; fewer offered fellowships, master’s degrees, or certificates. Participant surveys were the most common evaluation method across all domains. Often used metrics included participant satisfaction and self-reported knowledge, skills, behavior changes, scholarly output, and leadership positions. Less common evaluation methods included learner and peer evaluations, interviews, and focus groups. Change at the institutional level was evaluated in 11 programs.

Conclusions
Program evaluation remains an underdeveloped area in FD for clinician–educators. Developers expend significant effort on program design and implementation but approach evaluation less purposefully. Rigorous metrics that align with program goals and are used longitudinally are needed to accurately assess the impact of FD programs on participants and their learners, workplace, and institutions at large.
Unexpectedly High Frequency of Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Admitted to an Italian ICU: An Observational Study
Authors: Bonazzetti Cecilia , Morena Valentina , Giacomelli Andrea , Oreni Letizia , Casalini Giacomo , Galimberti Laura Rina , Bolis Matteo , Rimoldi Matteo , Ballone Elisabetta , Colombo Riccardo , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Antinori Spinello 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to assess the frequency of ICU-acquired bloodstream infections in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
The emergency expansion of an ICU from eight general beds to 30 coronavirus disease 2019 beds.

PARTICIPANTS:
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the ICU of Luigi Sacco Hospital (Milan, Italy) for greater than or equal to 48 hours between February 21, 2020, and April 30, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The frequency of bloodstream infections per 1,000 days of ICU stay was calculated in 89 coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and the cumulative probability of bloodstream infection was estimated using death and ICU discharge as competing events. Sixty patients (67.4%) experienced at least one of the 93 recorded episodes of bloodstream infection, a frequency of 87 per 1,000 days of ICU stay (95% CI, 67–112).The patients who experienced a bloodstream infection had a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score upon ICU admission (9.5; interquartile range, 8–12 vs 8, interquartile range, 5–10; p = 0.042), a longer median ICU stay (15 d; interquartile range, 11–23 vs 8, interquartile range, 5–12; p < 0.001), and more frequently required invasive mechanical ventilation (98.3% vs 82.8%; p = 0.013) than those who did not. The median time from ICU admission to the first bloodstream infection episode was 10 days. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 74 episodes (79.6%), with Enterococcus species being the most prevalent (53 episodes, 55.8%). Thirty-two isolates (27.3%) showed multidrug resistance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Coronavirus disease 2019 seemed to increase the frequency of bloodstream infections (particularly Enterococcus-related bloodstream infection) after ICU admission. This may have been due to enteric involvement in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and/or limitations in controlling the patient-to-patient transmission of infectious agents in extremely challenging circumstances.
Bilateral vertebral artery dissection complicated by posterior circulation stroke in a young man
Authors: Li Zhichao , Liu Junni , Wang Xiang , Liu Xiaohui , Sun Qinjian , Du Yifeng , Yin Ling 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a common cause of stroke in young and mid-aged adults without predisposing risk factors for vascular disease. It can be induced by a particular head or neck posture; its early signs often include headache and neck pain. Improved imaging techniques can be used to detect VAD, whose current treatment options are limited.

Patient concerns:
The patient presented with neck and shoulder pain for a week after sleeping against the wall with cervical proneness for 1 night. He had sudden headache, slurred speech, and left side weakness for 1.5 hours on admission.

Diagnosis:
The patient had VAD complicated by posterior circulation stroke.

Interventions:
Acute stroke was treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Then, the patient was administered follow-up anticoagulants.

Outcomes:
The patient's condition improved after thrombolytic therapy. He recovered well, with no recurrence during a 4-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
VAD should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke or transient ischemic attack in young patients. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy may be safe and effective for stroke-complicated cases. This case report demonstrates that expanded diagnostic protocol for acute ischemic stroke assures rapid and correct diagnosis.
Central nervous system aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients
Authors: Ma Yubao , Li Wanjun , Ao Ran , Lan Xiaoyang , Li Yang , Zhang Jiatang , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients.
This study enrolled six immunocompetent patients diagnosed with CNS aspergillosis. Additionally, we reviewed the clinical profiles for 28 cases reported in the literature. The age, gender, etiology of Aspergillus infection, clinical manifestations, location of the lesion, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed.
There were 19 men (average age, 54.6 ± 14.3 years) and 15 women (average age, 47.0 ± 19.4 years). The clinical manifestations included headache (55.9%; n = 19), visual impairment (32.4%; n = 11), diplopia (32.4%; n = 11), hemiplegia (20.6%; n = 7), fever (17.6%; n = 6), and epilepsy (8.8%; n = 3). According to the radiological features, CNS aspergillosis lesions were divided into two subtypes: parenchymal lesions in the cerebral lobes (n = 11), and meningeal lesions in the meninges (n = 23). The patients with meningeal lesions are easy to be complicated with more serious cerebrovascular diseases, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and massive infarction. Most of the lesions in brain parenchyma were abscess formation, and magnetic resonance imaging showed ring enhancement. The clinical diagnosis of Aspergillus infection was mainly based on brain biopsy (n = 14), autopsy (n = 8), pathological examination of adjacent brain tissues (n = 7), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or tissue culture (n = 3), and second-generation sequencing analysis of the CSF (n = 3). Clinical improvement was achieved in 23 cases, and 11 patients succumbed to the disease. Voriconazole treatment was effective in 24 (70.6%) cases.
Immunocompetent subjects are also at risk for Aspergillus infections. Concomitant cerebrovascular diseases are common in patients with CNS aspergillosis, especially in patients with meningeal aspergillosis. Parenchymal aspergillosis lesions are usually localized and manifest as brain abscesses with annular enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsy, CSF culture, and next-generation sequencing are mainstream diagnostic modalities. Voriconazole is an effective treatment for Aspergillus infection, and early diagnosis and treatment should be highlighted.
Two cases of imported pneumonic plague in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhou Haijiang , Guo Shubin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Plague is an acute, often fulminating infectious disease caused by Yersinia Pestis transmitted by rodents. It is rarely encountered in clinics, although natural plague foci are widely distributed around the world.

Patient Concerns:
A couple who are cattle and sheep herdsmen from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region presented with cough, expectoration and fever. The husband developed sudden onset of fever and bloody sputum after working the soil on his farm. The wife also developed fever after nursing his husband. Both patients were preliminarily diagnosed with severe pneumonia, but antimicrobial treatments in the local hospital were unsuccessful. Their conditions deteriorated and they were transferred to our center.

Diagnosis:
Preliminary etiological examinations were unremarkable, while blood and sputum specimens were found to be positive by RT-PCR and colloidal gold-immunochromatography assay targeting the F1 antigen and by reverse indirect hemagglutination assay. Pneumonic plague was confirmed.

Interventions:
Both patients were transferred to special infectious disease hospital for further treatment.

Outcomes:
The condition of the female patient deteriorated. The male recovered after treatment, while the female patient finally died.

Conclusion:
There are 3 main forms of plague: bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic. Humans can be infected by the bites of bacterium-bearing fleas or direct contact of wild animals that died from plague. Human plague can be transmitted by close contact through coughing droplet. Neglected diagnosis of plague could cause severe consequences. Strict surveillance and protection measures should be taken and the public should be alerted about potential risks when epizootic plague is detected.
Iodine-125 radioactive particles antagonize hyperprogressive disease following immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhang Pin-Liang , Liu Zeng-Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Increasing evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with hyperprogressive disease (HPD). HPD usually resulted in dramatically reduced survival duration, which limited the opportunity to administer other therapies.

Patient concerns:
A heavily pretreated lung adenocarcinoma patient experienced rapid progression of rib metastasis soon after immune checkpoint inhibitor -based combination therapy.

Diagnoses:
On the basis of radiographic and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with HPD.

Interventions:
We treated the patient with iodine-125 radioactive particle implantation to the metastatic lesions in the chest wall.

Outcomes:
The metastatic lesions shrank significantly 1 month later.

Lessons:
Early detection and adequate treatment are essential for prolonged survival when HPD occurs.
Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy at 808 nm on Muscle Performance and Perceived Exertion in Elderly Women
Authors: Rodrigues Claudiane Pedro , Jacinto Jeferson Lucas , Roveratti Mirela Casonato , Nunes João Pedro , Pacagnelli Francis Lopes , Andraus Rodrigo Antonio Carvalho , Soares-Caldeira Lúcio Flávio , Ribeiro Alex Silva , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , Aguiar Andreo Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of laser photobiomodulation (λ: 808 nm) therapy on muscle performance and perceived exertion in physically active elderly women.

Methods:
Seventeen physically active elderly women (72.6 ± 4.1 years) participated in a crossover study in which they received active or placebo laser therapy on the rectus femoris muscle on 2 occasions, separated by a 7-day washout period. On each occasion, the following performance outcomes were assessed: functional capacity by short physical performance battery, knee extensor strength by maximum voluntary isometric contraction, muscle endurance by repetitions-to-failure test and blood lactate levels, and perceived exertion.

Results:
No statistical (P > .05) differences were observed between active and placebo laser conditions for all muscle performance outcome (ie, short physical performance battery, maximum voluntary isometric contraction, repetitions-to-failure, and lactate) and perceived exertion.

Conclusions:
Acute laser photobiomodulation therapy at 808 nm does not improve muscle performance (functional capacity, strength, and endurance) and perceived exertion in physically active elderly women.

Trial registration: NCT04241991.
Extraordinary attention, ordinary neglect: the high cost of disaster preparedness and response
Authors: Hahn Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunds allocated to disaster preparedness and response in the U.S. have grown rapidly in recent decades. This analysis examines the ratio of cost per outcome of public health events classified as disasters and those not classified as disasters, e.g., smoking-related morbidity and mortality.MethodsMortality is taken as an outcome metric; the validity of this measure is assessed by examination of ratios of tangible and intangible costs of disaster and non-disaster outcomes to mortality from two conditions, using available data. The relative allocation of CDC funding to disaster and non-disaster events is assumed to conservatively represent the U.S. overall relative funding allocation.ResultsNon-disaster deaths are 2,500 more likely than disaster deaths; we allocate 370 times more funding per disaster death than we do per non-disaster death.ConclusionThe rationality of this implicit decision be reconsidered.
A multiagent coronavirus model with territorial vulnerability parameters
Authors: Magalhães Patrícia , Pinto José Paulo Guedes , Segura Angel Diana Maritza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe developed a simple and user-friendly simulator called MD Corona that is based on a multiagent model and describes the transmission dynamics of coronavirus for a given location considering three setting parameters: population density, social-isolation rate, and effective transmission probability. The latter is represented by the Coronavirus Protection Index (CPI) - a measurement of a given territory’s vulnerability to the coronavirus that includes characteristics of the health system and socioeconomic development as well as infrastructure. The dynamic model also relies on other real epidemiological parameters. The model is calibrated by using immunity surveys and provides accurate predictions and indications of the different spread dynamic mechanisms. Our simulation studies clearly demonstrate the existence of multiple epidemic curves in the same city due to different vulnerabilities to the virus across regions. And it elucidates the phenomenon of the epidemic slowing despite a reduction in social-distancing policies, understood as a consequence of “local protection bubbles.” The simulator can be used for scientific outreach purposes, bringing science closer to the general public in order to raise awareness and increase engagement about the effectiveness of social distancing in reducing the transmissibility of the virus, but also to support effective actions to mitigate the spread of the virus.