bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЧУВАШСКИЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ РАБФАК В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ УЧИТЕЛЬСКИХ КАДРОВ ЧУВАШИИ В 1930-е гг.
Authors: Efimov Lev 
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящена деятельности Чувашского педагогического рабфака, функционировавшего в 1930-1941 гг. в составе педагогического института г. Чебоксары. Особое внимание в ней уделено вопросам организации этого учреждения, постановки учебно-воспитательной работы в нем и материально-технической базы. Показан вклад педагогического рабфака в подготовку рабоче-крестьянской молодежи для поступления в вуз. Установлено, что за 11 лет функционирования (1930-1941 гг.) Чувашский педрабфак подготовил около 500 человек для поступления в Чувашский педагогический институт и стал важным источником пополнения вуза автономной республики абитуриентами. В 1930-е гг. он внес значительный вклад в развитие системы подготовки национальных учительских кадров для школ Чувашии.The article is devoted to the activity of the Chuvash Pedagogical Rabfak, which functioned in 1930-1941 as part of the Cheboksary Pedagogical Institute. It pays special attention to the organization of pedrabfak, educational work, material and technical base of the institution, shows its contribution to the preparation of workers’- and peasants’ youth for entering the institute. It has been established that during 11 years of its operation (1930-1941) the Chuvash pedrabfak trained about 500 people for admission to the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute and provided the institute of the autonomous republic with applicants. In the 1930s, it made a significant contribution to the development of the system of training of national teachers for schools of Chuvashia.
ДИАЛОГ В ГРУППОВЫХ АККАУНТАХ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM, VK)
Authors: Ilmaz-Ledeneva Talina 
Published: May 2020

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей общения в групповых аккаунтах в социальных сетях. На современном этапе коммуникация осуществляется при помощи социальных сетей, в которых процесс общения включает взаимодействие людей и затрагивает механизмы их сознания. В статье подчеркивается, что групповые аккаунты выходят на рынок коммерции и реализуют потребительский спрос и предложение при помощи креолизованного текста и диалога с пользователями. Новизна работы заключается в разделении группового общения на виды аккаунтов, которые преследуют разные цели и используют разные лексемы. Автором рассмотрены особенности диалоговой формы общения выделяемых видов и различные языковые единицы, употребляемые участниками диалогов социальных сетей. Социальная сеть как пространство для осуществления коммуникации представляет собой огромное поле взаимодействия людей в условиях необходимости достижения поставленных целей с использованием для этого одного аккаунта.This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the dialogue in group accounts in social networks. At the present stage, communication is carried out with the help of social networks in which the process of communication includes the interaction of people and the mechanisms of their consciousness. The article emphasizes that group accounts are becoming a part of commercial market and implement consumer demand and offer by means of creolized texts and a dialogue among account users. The innovation of the presented work lies in the division of group communication into types of accounts that pursue different goals and use different tokens. The author considers the features of the dialogue form of communication of the discussed types and different language units employed by social network users. A social network as communication space is a huge field of interaction for people to achieve their goals with one account.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В АРХИТЕКТУРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНОМ ВУЗЕ
Authors: Tazieva Zarina , Galimzyanova Ilkhamia 
Published: May 2020

Охарактеризованы подходы к пониманию сущности понятия «компетенция социального взаимодействия» и его компонентов, представленных в работах различных авторов: философов, социологов, психологов, педагогов. Проведен анализ структуры данной компетенции, включающей совокупность компонентов, обеспечивающих эффективное социальное взаимодействие в учебной деятельности и будущей профессии. Цель настоящего исследования - выявление педагогических условий эффективного формирования у студентов архитектурно-строительного вуза компетенции социального взаимодействия в условиях профессиональной подготовки.The article characterizes the approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of competence of social interaction and its components which can be found in philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical works; analyzes the structure of the discussed competence, which includes a set of components that ensure effective social interaction in educational activity and future profession. The purpose of the current study is to identify pedagogical conditions for effective formation of social interaction competence at students of the university of architecture and engineering in the context of professional training.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПОНЯТИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ
Authors: Eltsova Olga , Emelyanova Marina 
Published: May 2020

В настоящей статье автором рассматривается вопрос о цифровой грамотности. Изучаются роль цифровой грамотности в современном обществе, история возникновения понятия. Приводятся ведущие определения и подходы к структуре понятия «цифровая грамотность». Рассмотрены основные компоненты цифровой грамотности, определена необходимость формирования цифровой грамотности на всех уровнях образования. Сделан вывод о том, что цифровая грамотность - важнейший навык, необходимый для успеха в XXI веке, наравне с умениями критически мыслить, вести коммуникацию, сотрудничать, решать проблемы.This article addresses the issue of digital literacy; considers the role of digital literacy in modern society, the origin of the concept; provides the key definitions and approaches to the structure of digital literacy. The article also considers the main components of digital literacy, determines the need to develop digital literacy at all the levels of education; concludes that digital literacy is the most important skill for being successful in the 21st century along with the ability of critical thinking, communication, cooperation and problem solving.
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. IV. A Comprehensive Parallax Survey of L0–T8 Dwarfs with UKIRT
Authors: Best William M. J. , Liu Michael C. , Magnier Eugene A. , Dupuy Trent J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present parallaxes, proper motions, and J-band photometry for 348 L and T dwarfs measured using the wide-field near-infrared camera WFCAM on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. This is the largest single batch of infrared parallaxes for brown dwarfs to date. Our parallaxes have a median uncertainty of 3.5 mas, similar to most previous ground-based infrared parallax surveys. Our target list was designed to complete a volume-limited parallax sample of L0–T8 dwarfs out to 25 pc spanning declinations −30° to +60° (68% of the sky). We report the first parallaxes for 165 objects, and we improve on previous measurements for another 53 objects. Our targets include 104 objects (mostly early-L dwarfs) having Gaia DR2 parallax measurements with which our parallaxes are consistent. We include an extensive comparison of previous literature parallaxes for L and T dwarfs with both our results and Gaia DR2 measurements, identifying systematic offsets for some previous surveys. Our parallaxes confirm that 14 objects previously identified as wide common proper motion companions to main-sequence stars have distances consistent with companionship. We also report new

photometry for our targets, including the first measurements for 193 of our targets and improvements over previously published

photometry for another 60 targets. Altogether, our parallaxes will enable the first population studies using a volume-limited sample spanning spectral types L0–T8 defined entirely by parallaxes.
Finding Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI DECam Legacy Survey
Authors: Huang X. , Storfer C. , Ravi V. , Pilon A. , Domingo M. , Schlegel D. J. , Bailey S. , Dey A. , Gupta R. R. , Herrera D. , Juneau S. , Landriau M. , Lang D. , Meisner A. , Moustakas J. , Myers A. D. , Schlafly E. F. , Valdes F. , Weaver B. A. , Yang J. , Yèche C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We perform a semi-automated search for strong gravitational lensing systems in the 9000 deg2 Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS), part of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys. The combination of the depth and breadth of these surveys are unparalleled at this time, making them particularly suitable for discovering new strong gravitational lensing systems. We adopt the deep residual neural network architecture developed by Lanusse et al. for the purpose of finding strong lenses in photometric surveys. We compile a training sample that consists of known lensing systems in the Legacy Surveys and the Dark Energy Survey as well as non-lenses in the footprint of DECaLS. In this paper we show the results of applying our trained neural network to the cutout images centered on galaxies typed as ellipticals in DECaLS. The images that receive the highest scores (probabilities) are visually inspected and ranked. Here we present 335 candidate strong lensing systems, identified for the first time.
Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Gas-disk Morphologies and Kinematics as Seen with ALMA
Authors: Boyden Ryan D. , Eisner Josh A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array CO(3 − 2) and HCO+(4 − 3) observations covering the central 1.′5 × 1.′5 region of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The unprecedented level of sensitivity (∼0.1 mJy beam−1) and angular resolution (∼0.″09 ≈ 40 au) of these line observations enable us to search for gas-disk detections toward the known positions of submillimeter-detected dust disks in this region. We detect 23 disks in gas: 17 in CO(3 − 2), 17 in HCO+(4 − 3), and 11 in both lines. Depending on where the sources are located in the ONC, we see the line detections in emission, in absorption against the warm background, or in both emission and absorption. We spectrally resolve the gas with 0.5 km s−1 channels and find that the kinematics of most sources are consistent with Keplerian rotation. We measure the distribution of gas-disk sizes and find typical radii of ∼50–200 au. As such, gas disks in the ONC are compact in comparison with the gas disks seen in low-density star-forming regions. Gas sizes are universally larger than the dust sizes. However, the gas and dust sizes are not strongly correlated. We find a positive correlation between gas size and distance from the massive star θ
1 Ori C, indicating that disks in the ONC are influenced by photoionization. Finally, we use the observed kinematics of the detected gas lines to model Keplerian rotation and infer the masses of the central pre-main-sequence stars. Our dynamically derived stellar masses are not consistent with the spectroscopically derived masses, and we discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy.
Atacama Compact Array Measurements of the Molecular Mass in the NGC 5044 Cooling-flow Group
Authors: Schellenberger Gerrit , David Laurence P. , Vrtilek Jan , O’Sullivan Ewan , Lim Jeremy , Forman William , Sun Ming , Combes Francoise , Salome Philippe , Jones Christine , Giacintucci Simona , Edge Alastair , Gastaldello Fabio , Temi Pasquale , Brighenti Fabrizio , Bardelli Sandro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The fate of cooling gas in the centers of galaxy clusters and groups is still not well understood, as is also the case for the complex processes of triggering star formation in central dominant galaxies, reheating of cooled gas by active galactic nuclei (AGN), and the triggering or “feeding” of supermassive black hole outbursts. We present CO observations of the early-type galaxy NGC 5044, which resides at the center of an X-ray bright group with a moderate cooling flow. For our analysis we combine CO(2−1) data from the 7 m antennae of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) and the ACA total power array (TP). We demonstrate, using the 7 m array data, that we can recover the total flux inferred from IRAM 30 m single-dish observations, which corresponds to a total molecular mass of about 4 × 107
M
⊙. Most of the recovered flux is blueshifted with respect to the galaxy rest frame and is extended on kiloparsec-scales, suggesting low filling factor dispersed clouds. We find eight concentrations of molecular gas out to a radius of 10″ (1.5 kpc), which we identify with giant molecular clouds. The total molecular gas mass is more centrally concentrated than the X-ray emitting gas, but is extended in the northeast-southwest direction beyond the IRAM 30 m beam. We also compare the spatial extent of the molecular gas to the Hα emission: The CO emission coincides with the very bright Hα region in the center. We do not detect CO emission in the fainter Hα regions. Furthermore, we find two CO absorption features spatially located at the center of the galaxy, within 5 pc projected distance of the AGN, infalling at 255 and 265 km s−1 relative to the AGN. This indicates that the two giant molecular clouds seen in absorption are most likely within the sphere of influence of the supermassive black hole.
A Broadband X-Ray Study of a Sample of AGNs with [O iii] Measured Inclinations
Authors: Zhao X. , Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Baloković M. , Fischer T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In modeling the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the inclination angle is a parameter that can play an important role in analyzing the X-ray spectra of AGNs, but it has never been studied in detail. We present a broadband X-ray spectral analysis of the joint Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array-XMM-Newton observations of 13 sources with [O iii] measured inclinations determined by Fischer et al. By freezing the inclination angles at the [O iii] measured values when modeling the observations, the spectra are well fitted, and the geometrical properties of the obscuring structure of the AGNs are slightly better constrained than those fitted when the inclination angles are left free to vary. We also test if one could freeze the inclinations at other specific angles in fitting the AGN X-ray spectra as has been commonly done in the literature. We find that one should always let the inclination angle be free to vary in modeling the X-ray spectra of AGNs, while fixing the inclination angle at [O iii] measured values and fixing the inclination angle at 60° also present correct fits of the sources in our sample. Correlations between the covering factor and the average column density of the obscuring torus with respect to the Eddington ratio are also measured, suggesting that the distribution of the material in the obscuring torus is regulated by the Eddington ratio, which is in agreement with previous studies. In addition, no geometrical correlation is found between the narrow line region of the AGN and the obscuring torus, suggesting that the geometry might be more complex than what is assumed in the simplistic unified model.
Bundled Consent in US Intensive Care Units
Authors: Espinosa Maria L. , Tannenbaum Aaron M. , Kilaru Megha , Stevens Jennifer , Siegler Mark , Howell Michael D. , Parker William F. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Bundled consent, the practice of obtaining anticipatory consent for a predefined set of intensive care unit procedures, increases the rate of informed consent conversations and incorporation of patients’ wishes into medical decision-making without sacrificing patients’ or surrogates’ understanding. However, the adoption rate for this practice in academic and nonacademic centers in the United States is unknown.

Objective
To determine the national prevalence of use of bundled consent in adult intensive care units and opinions related to bundled consent.

Methods
A random sample of US hospitals with medical/surgical intensive care units was selected from the AHA [American Hospital Association] Guide. One intensive care unit provider (bedside nurse, nurse manager, or physician) from each hospital was asked to self-reportuse of per-procedure consent versus bundled consent, consent rate for intensive care unit procedures, and opinions about bundled consent.

Results
Of the 238 hospitals contacted, respondents from 100 (42%) completed the survey; 94% of respondents were nurses. The prevalence of bundled consent use was 15% (95% CI, 9%–24%). Respondents using per-procedure consent were more likely than those using bundled consent to self-report performing invasive procedures without consent. Users of bundled consent unanimously recommended the practice, and 49% of respondents using per-procedure consent reported interest in implementing bundled consent.

Results
Bundled consent use is uncommon in academic and nonacademic intensive care units, most likely because of conflicting evidence about the effect on patients and surrogate decision makers. Future work is needed to determine if patients, family members, and providers prefer bundled consent over per-procedure consent.
Perbandingan Kadar Glukosa Pada Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas Var Ayamurasaki) Menggunakan Metode Luff Schoorl
Authors: Reymon Reymon , Daud Nur Saadah , Alvianty Feny 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK
Asupan makanan yang mengandung kadar glukosa tinggi perlu diperhatikan untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes mellitus. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengkonsumsi pangan karbohidrat rendah seperti umbi-umbian seperti ubi jalar ungu(Ipomoea batatasVar Ayamurasaki).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa yang terdapat pada ubi jalar ungu rebus, kukus, bakar dan goreng. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen. Sampel ubi jalar ungu diolah dengan cara direbus, kukus, bakar dan goreng. Sampel yang telah diolah dianalisis kadar glukosanya dengan menggunakan metode Luff Schoorl secara triplo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan mengandung kadar glukosa dengan tingkat yang berbeda pada sampel ubi jalar ungu rebus, kukus, bakar dan goreng berturut-turut yaitu 3,30%, 4,92%, 7,72%, dan 7,36%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan kadar glukosa terendah diperoleh dari sampel ubi jalar ungu rebus.

Kata kunci : Glukosa, Ubi jalar ungu, Luff Schoorl

ABSTRACT
Intake of foods containing high glucose levels needs to be considered to reduce the risk of degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This can be overcome by consuming low carbohydrate foods such as tubers such as purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Var Ayamurasaki).This study aims to determine the glucose levels found in boiled, steamed, roasted and fried purple sweet potatoes. The method used is an experiment. The sample of purple sweet potato is processed by boiling, steaming, roasting and frying. Samples that have been processed are analyzed for glucose levels using the Luff Schoorl method in triple. Based on research results showed that all treatments contained glucose levels with different levels in the samples of purple sweet potato boiled, steamed, roasted and fried respectively at 3.30%, 4.92%, 7.72%, and 7.36%. So that it can be concluded that the lowest glucose level was obtained from a sample of boiled purple sweet potato.
Keywords: Glucose, purple sweet potato, Luff Schoorl
Spectral albedo measurements over snow-covered slopes: theory and slope effect corrections
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Dumont Marie , Lamare Maxim , Tuzet François , Larue Fanny , Pirazzini Roberta , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Surface albedo is an essential variable to determine the Earth's surface energy budget, in particular for snow-covered areas where it is involved in one of the most powerful positive feedback loops of the climate system. In situ measurements of broadband and spectral albedo are therefore common. However they are subject to several artefacts. Here we investigate the sensitivity of spectral albedo measurements to surface slope, and we propose simple correction algorithms to retrieve the intrinsic albedo of a slope from measurements, as if it were flat. For this, we first derive the analytical equations relating albedo measured on a slope to intrinsic direct and diffuse albedo, the apportionment between diffuse and direct incoming radiation, and slope inclination and aspect. The theory accounts for two main slope effects. First, the slope affects the proportion of solar radiation intercepted by the surface relative to that intercepted by the upward-looking, horizontal, sensor. Second, the upward- and downward-looking sensors receive reduced radiation from the sky and the surface respectively and increased radiation from neighbouring terrain. Using this theory, we show that (i) slope has a significant effect on albedo (over 0.01) from as little as a ≈1∘ inclination, causing distortions of the albedo spectral shape; (ii) the first-order slope effect is sufficient to fully explain measured albedo up to ≈15∘, which we designate “small-slope approximation”; and (iii) for larger slopes, the theory depends on the neighbouring slope geometry and land cover, leading to much more complex equations. Next, we derive four correction methods from the small-slope approximation, to be used depending on whether (1) the slope inclination and orientation are known or not, (2) the snow surface is free of impurities or dirty, and (3) a single or a time series of albedo measurements is available. The methods applied to observations taken in the Alps on terrain with up to nearly 20∘ slopes prove the ability to recover intrinsic albedo with a typical accuracy of 0.03 or better. From this study, we derive two main recommendations for future field campaigns: first, sloping terrain requires more attention because it reduces the measurement accuracy of albedo even for almost invisible slopes (1–2∘). Second, while the correction of the slope effect is possible, it requires additional information such as the spectral diffuse and direction partitioning and if possible the actual slope inclination and aspect, especially when the absence of impurities can not be assumed.
¿Por qué deben estudiar matemática los gobernantes? Paideia, dialéctica y política
Authors: Lanza González Henar 
Published: May 2020

Debido a que no es evidente en qué sentido el estudio de la matemática ayuda a los guardianes de la República de Platón a dominar las pasiones y los prepara para ser gobernantes, mostraré la función propedéutica de la matemática; cómo las cinco disciplinas en las que está dividida — aritmética, geometría, estereotomía, astronomía y música — pueden dividirse a su vez en dos: la popular y la filosófica, y es solo esta última la que provoca el giro del alma (περιαγωγή) hacia lo que es siempre. Esta es la razón por la cual se afirma que la matemática es una preparación para la dialéctica, el único método propiamente filosófico y la ciencia máxima. Solo tras una década de ejercitación matemática el guardián se convertirá en dialéctico, ascenderá al ámbito inteligible y contemplará las Ideas, divinas y ordenadas. Esto despertará en él el deseo de querer asemejarse a ellas y, por mímesis, volverse él también divino y ordenado (en la medida en la que esto le es posible al hombre), lo que le permitirá ejercer el gobierno de sí (ἐγκράτεια), que en la psicología platónica se traduce en el mandato de lo racional sobre lo irascible y lo apetitivo, el gobierno de lo intelectual sobre lo anímico. A pesar del deseo de permanecer para siempre en el ámbito inteligible, el dialéctico deberá descender nuevamente a la caverna y gobernar de forma justa la pólis e instaurar en las costumbres públicas y privadas de los gobernados el orden contemplado, alejado de la tiranía (el más degenerado de los regímenes políticos) y de las pasiones violentas y los apetitos que tiranizan al propio tirano, según el paralelismo alma - ciudad. Cierro con la respuesta a la pregunta de quién es ese filósofo-gobernante en el siglo XXI.