bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households
Authors: Jacquier Emma F , Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Lenighan Yvonne , Toledo Marvin B , Capanzana Mario V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6-23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth. Methods: Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Results: Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants from poor households (69%) reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, than those from rich households (42%) who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (Poor: 22%, Rich: 56%) (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was a significant difference in vegetable consumption in 12-17.9 month old children (Poor: 17%, Rich: 31%; P=0.021). Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Conclusion: Milk and rice were the main dietary components in all Filipino children. However, intakes of a number of nutrients including protein, fat, vitamin B/C/D/E and iron and calcium were lower in children from poor households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Large-sized artificial photosynthetic cells with a solar-to-formate conversion efficiency of 7.2%
Authors: Kato Naohiko , Mizuno Shintaro , Shiozawa Masahito , Nojiri Natsumi , Kawai Yasuaki , Fukumoto Kazuhiro , Morikawa Takeshi , Takeda Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis, including solar-driven electrochemical (EC) reduction of CO2 to fuel, using photovoltaic (PV) cells is a promising CO2 recycling method. However, the scale-up of EC reactors lowers the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency hSTC) due to large electric resistance of the electrode catalysts and insufficient supply of reactants. We designed a large-sized cell to convert CO2 to formate. It consists of five stacked electrodes (electrically parallel-connected) and six series-connected single-crystalline Si PV cells (area ~1000 cm2). Low-resistivity anodes loaded with IrOx and cathodes loaded with Ru complex polymer on carbon support operate without a membrane between them at a low voltage of 1.90 V. They generate a reaction current of 6.30 A, owing to the homogeneous flow of the CO2-dissolved electrolyte to achieve a sufficient CO2 supply and good match between the PV and EC performances. The cell yields a conversion efficiency of 7.2% and the highest production rate reported for large cells.
Priming programed Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells protect against systemic or local bacterial infection
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Shi Mai , Zhu Tianyuan , Wang Huimeng , Pediongco Troi , Lim Xin Yi , Meehan Bronwyn , Nelson Adam , Fairlie David , Mak Jeffrey , Eckle Sidonia , Rossjohn Jamie , McCluskey James , Corbett Alexandra , Chen Zhenjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells have potent antibacterial functions. Their protective capacity, in vivo, has been demonstrated in mouse models, particularly of respiratory infections. We now show that during systemic infection of mice with Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain (LVS), MAIT cell expansion was evident in the liver, lungs, kidney, spleen and blood. MAIT cells manifested a polarised Th1-like (termed “MAIT-1”) phenotype and cytokine profile that conferred a critical role in controlling bacterial load. After resolution of the primary infection, the expanded MAIT cells developed to a stable memory-like MAIT-1 cell population, suggesting a basis for vaccination and protection against subsequent challenge. Indeed, a systemic vaccination with synthetic ligand (5-OP-RU) in combination with CpG adjuvant boosted MAIT-1 cells and resulted in enhanced protection against systemic and local infections with F. tularensis and Legionella longbeachae. Our study highlights the potential utility of targeting MAIT cells to combat multiple bacterial pathogens.
Alpha Lipoic Acid Antagonizes Cytotoxicity of Cobalt Nanoparticles by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-like Cell Death
Authors: Liu Yake , Zhu Wenfeng , Ni Dalong , Zhou Zihua , Gu Jinhua , Zhang Wenan , Sun Huanjian , Liu Fan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As a main element in the hard metal industry, cobalt is one of the major components of human metal implants. Cobalt-containing implants, especially joint prostheses used for artificial joint replacement, can be corroded due to the complex physiological environment in vivo, producing a large number of nanoscale cobalt particles (Cobalt Nanoparticles, CoNPs). These CoNPs can be first accumulated around the implant to cause adverse local reactions and then enter into the blood vessels followed by reaching to the liver, heart, brain, kidney, and other organs through systematic circulation, which leads to multi-system toxicity symptoms. To ensure the long-term existence of cobalt-containing implants in the body, it is urgently required to find out a safe and effective detoxification drug. Herein, we have demonstrated that CoNPs could induce the ferroptosis-like cell death through the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cytoplasmic Fe2+ level, lipid peroxidation and consumption of reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity. Importantly, α-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant with the capability to scavenge free radicals and chelate toxic metals, was found to efficiently alleviate the adverse effects of CoNPs. The present study illustrates a new mechanism of CoNPs mediated by ferroptosis-like cytotoxicity and discloses an effective method for the detoxification of CoNPs by employing the natural antioxidant of ALA, providing a basis for further in vivo detoxification study.
Core formation and magma ocean outgassing set planetary N-S-C ratios
Authors: Jackson Colin , Cottrell Elizabeth , Du Zhixue , Bennett Neil , Fei Yingwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Earth’s volatile elements cannot be accounted for as mixtures of different chondrites, despite their clear chondritic heritage. Early-acting, but as yet unidentified, processes apparently fractionated volatile elements now contained by planets. Here we test the hypothesis that planetary-scale differentiation, namely core formation and primordial atmosphere degassing, set Earth’s distribution of N, S, and C. To this end, we report new metal-silicate partitioning experiments on N up to 26 GPa and 3400 K; the highest pressure and temperatures conditions yet explored. Our results highlight a strong, positive effect of pressure on nitrogen partitioning into cores. We apply our new experiments with literature data for S and C partitioning to a model that couples core formation with degassing into the primordial atmosphere, to demonstrate that volatile elements ratios for Earth, and potentially Mars and Venus, can be set by primordial differentiation under conditions that also satisfy their moderately siderophile element budgets.
Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater with COVID-19 disease burden in sewersheds
Authors: Weidhaas Jennifer , Aanderud Zachary , Roper D , VanDerslice James , Gaddis Erica , Ostermiller Jeffrey , Hoffman Ken , Jamal Rubayat , Heck Philip , Zhang Yue , Torgersen Kevin , Laan Jacob Vander , LaCross Nathan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is shed in feces and the virus RNA is detectable in wastewater. A nine-week wastewater epidemiology study of ten wastewater facilities, serving 39% of the state of Utah or 1.26M individuals was conducted in April and May of 2020. COVID-19 cases were tabulated from within each sewershed boundary by public health partners. The virus was detectable in 61% of 126 unique wastewater samples. Urban sewersheds serving >100,000 individuals and tourist communities had higher detection frequencies of the virus RNA. An outbreak of COVID-19 across two communities correlated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, while a decline in COVID-19 case counts preceded a decline in SARS-CoV-2 RNA. These results demonstrate the utility of wastewater epidemiology to assist in public health responses to COVID-19.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A single centre cohort study
Authors: Lowe Richard , Ferrari Matteo , Nasim-Mohi Myra , Jackson Alexander , Meacham Ryan , Veighey Kristin , Cusack Rebecca , Richardson Dominic , Grocott Michael , Levett Denny , Dushianthan Ahilanandan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common manifestation among patients critically ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Coronavirus 2019) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of renal failure in this context is not fully understood, but likely to be multifactorial. The intensive care unit outcomes of patients following COVID-19 acute critical illness with associated AKI have not been fully explored. We conducted a cohort study to investigate the risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients admitted to and intensive care unit with COVID-19, its incidence and associated outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all patients admitted to our adult intensive care unit suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection from 3rd March 2020 until 10th May 2020. Acute kidney injury was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria. The outcome analysis was assessed up to date as 15th of June 2020.ResultsA total of 81 patients admitted during this period. All patients had acute hypoxic respiratory failure and needed either noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilatory support. Thirty-six patients (44%) had evidence of AKI (Stage I-33%, Stage II-22%, Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)-44%). All patients with AKI stage III had RRT. Age, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, lymphopenia, high D-Dimer levels, increased APACHE II and SOFA scores, mechanical ventilation and use of inotropic or vasopressor support were significantly associated with AKI. The peak AKI was at day 4 and mean duration of RRT was 9 days. The mortality was 25% for the AKI group compared to 7% in those without AKI. Among those received RRT and survived their illness, the renal function recovery is complete and back to baseline in 92% of patients. Conclusion Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy is common in critically ill patients presenting with COVID-19. It is associated with increased severity of illness on admission to ICU, increased mortality and prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay.
Rejection of Containment Policy in the Management of COVID-19 in Kenyan Slums: Is Social Geometry an Option?
Authors: Onditi Francis , Obimbo Moses M. , Kinyanjui Samson M. , Nyadera Israel N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper contests the ‘massification’ policy of ‘containment’ in the management of pandemics (COVID-19) in Kenya’s densely populated areas. The paper proposes a typological construct of social geometry for analyzing and designing public health intervention (PHI) in areas with such unique geographies. We contrast this approach with the two most widespread forms of social control: social distancing and spatial distancing. Our central claim is that the policy of ‘containment’ fails to recognize the socio-cultural, economic and political complexities of the urban slum residents. This unmitigated policy predisposes the residents to risks of heightened transmission of the pandemic. Social geometry model, however, has the potential of informing the redesign of an alternative PHI that is compatible with the unique pattern of livelihood in the informal settlement. Based on the residents’ pattern of livelihood (which exhibits a pendulum-like swings), and their geometry of life, we coin a thinking framework; ‘social pendulum.’ Our conclusion revisits the reliability and validity criteria for the new framework, and offers some direction for future research.
MiR-4310 Induced by SP1 targets PTEN to Promote Glioma Progression
Authors: Zhiyong Wu , Jie Luo , Tengyue Huang , Renhui Yi , Shengfeng Ding , Cheng Xie , An'qi Xu , Yu Zeng , Xizhao Wang , Ye Song , Hao Long 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: miRNAs have been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes of gliomas. Here, we aimed to analyze miR-4310 and its correlation genes involved in the tumor progression of human glioma.Methods: miR-4310 expression levels were examined in glioma and non-tumor brain (NB) tissues. The molecular mechanisms of miR-4310 expression and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) , Transwell chamber, Boyden chamber, and western blot analyses, as well as in vivo tumorigenesis in nude mice. The relationships among miR-4310, SP1, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were explored by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), agarose gel electrophoresis, electrophoresis mobility shift (EMSA), and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: miR-4310 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues compared to NB. Overexpressed miR-4310 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo . Inhibition of miR-4310 was sufficient to reverse these results. Mechanistic analyses revealed that miR-4310 promoted glioma progression through the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting PTEN. Additionally, SP1 induced the expression of miR-4310 by binding to its promoter region. Conclusion: miR-4310 promotes the progression of glioma by targeting PTEN and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway meanwhile the expression of miR-4310 is induced by SP1.
Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy- A Double Blinded Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Comparison, Trial in Pakistan
Authors: Nausheen Sidrah , Shaikh Lumaan , Habib Atif , Tabassum Farhana , Rizvi Arjumand , Bhura Maria , Kureishy Sumra , Shaheen Fariha , Raza Shahmim , Soofi Sajid Bashir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a public health problem in Pakistan, and prevalent among most women of reproductive age in the country. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is suggested to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and prevent vitamin D deficiency in both the mother and her newborn. However, there remains uncertainty surrounding the appropriate and safe dose for vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women who experience deficiency. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, controlled, dose-comparison trial aimed to evaluate the relationship between different doses of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among women in a maternity hospital of the Aga Khan University (AKU) in Karachi, Pakistan. Pregnant women (n=350) in their first trimester were recruited and randomized to three treatment groups of vitamin D supplementation: 4,000 IU/day (Group A; n=120), 2,000 IU/day (Group B; n=115), or 400 IU/day (Group C – control; n=115). Deficiency in serum vitamin D (serum 25OHD <20ng/mL) at baseline was prevalent in more than 95% of women in each group. Participants in group A had the lowest vitamin D deficiency at endline and in newborns (endline: 75.9%; neonatal: 64.9%), followed by group B (endline: 84.9%; neonatal: 73.7%) and then the control group (endline: 90.2%; neonatal: 91.8%). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in group A than group C (p=0.006) for women at endline, and lower in both group A and group B than the control group (p=0.001) in neonates. There were no adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation in all groups. Our study concluded that vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU/day is safe and effective in reducing the risk of maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency.
Solvents Adjusted Pure Phase CoCO3 as Anodes for High Cycle Stability
Authors: Liu Liming , Huang X.X. , Wei Zengyan , Duan Xiaoming , Zhong Bo , Xia Long , Zhang Tao , Wang Huatao , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu , Zhang Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
CoCO3 with high theoretical capacity has been considered as a candidate anode for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. However, the electrochemical characteristics of CoCO3 itself, especially the cycle stability under high current density, hindering its application. Herein, pure phase CoCO3 particles with different particle and pore sizes were prepared by adjusting the solvents. CoCO3 synthesized with diethylene glycol (DG-CC) as the reaction solvent shows the best electrochemical performance for the particle size of about 0.85 µm, which because the small primary particle size within and the mesopores maintain the structural stability. A high specific capacity of after 1000 cycles was achieved, and an excellent capacity retention was presented. The capacity provided by different electrochemical reactions and the impedance of DG-CC under different cycles were further compared. Those results provide an important reference for the structural design and stable cycle performance of pure CoCO3.
Sheep Nemabiome Diversity and Its Response to Anthelmintic Treatment in Swedish Sheep Herds
Authors: Halvarsson Peter , Höglund Johan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of different species. Herein we describe for the first-time the nematode community structure (nemabiome) inhabiting Swedish sheep and how these are/were affected by host age and recent anthelmintic treatments. Methods: A total of 158 larval cultures were collected (n=35 in 2007 and n=126 in 2014-2016) from groups of sheep on 61 commercial farms in the south-central part of country were most animals are grazed. Among the samples, 2 x 44 (56%) were paired collected from the same groups pre- and post-treatment with macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles or levamisole. The sequences were analyzed for their nemabiome using the PacBio platform followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis with SCATA. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed in R.Results: Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in all samples except two, despite that the fecal egg counts were below the McMaster threshold in 20 samples. Sequencing yielded on average 1,011 sequences per sample. Totally 26 operational taxonomical units (OTU) among which 18 (69%) had ≥99 % identity to sequences in the NCBI database were recognized. The OTUs found represented nematode species among which 10 are commonly associated with sheep. Multiple species were identified in all pre anthelmintic treatment samples. No effects on nematode diversity were found in relation to host age. On the other hand, recent anthelmintic treatment lowered species richness, especially after use of IVM and ABZ. Interestingly, despite zero egg count after use of levamisole, these samples still contained nematode DNA and especially H. contortus. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for that nemabiome analysis combined with diversity index analysis provide a sensitive and objective methodology in the study of the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment.
Association between Prior Calcium Channel Blocker use and Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Ding Xianfei , Cui Yuqing , Zhu Yanhui , Liang Huoyan , Wang Dong , Li Lifeng , Kan Quancheng , Wang Lexin , Sun Tongwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To comprehensively review the literature and synthesize evidence concerning the relationship between preadmission calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and mortality in patients with sepsis.Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from their inception to April 9, 2020. Cohort studies that related to prior CCB use in patients with sepsis were analysed. Pairs of reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Two primary outcomes related to mortality, namely, 30-day mortality and 90-day mortality, were analysed; heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and was considered moderate if I2 was equivalent to 50–75% and high if I2 ≥ 75%. Fixed and random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of outcomes was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the results.Results: 552 potentially relevant studies were identified, and the full texts of 25 articles were reviewed. Ultimately, five cohort studies involving 280,982 patients were confirmed to have a low risk of bias and were included. Preadmission CCB use was associated with a significantly lower 30-day mortality in septic shock (OR, 0.61 [0.38-0.97]; P = 0.035; I2 = 62.4%), not in sepsis (OR, 0.83 [0.66-1.04]; P = 0.103; I2 = 95.4%). Moreover, prior CCB use could significantly reduce 30-day mortality in sepsis (OR, 0.90 [0.85-0.95]; P < 0.001; I2 = 31.9%). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that preadmission CCB use is significantly associated with improving long-term prognosis of sepsis, and also short-term survival of septic shock patients. This finding may provide an attractive direction for sepsis management.