bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery and validation of extracellular vesicle‐associated miRNAs as noninvasive detection biomarkers for early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhong Yujie , Ding Xiaoyu , Bian Yuying , Wang Jing , Zhou Wanqing , Wang Xiangdong , Li Pumin , Shen Yi , Wang Jun‐Jun , Li Jing , Zhang Chunni , Wang Cheng 
Published: December 2020

miRNAs in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cancer. However, their diagnostic ability for early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well known. In this study, the circulating EV miRNAs profiling was initially performed in 36 untreated NSCLC patients and 36 healthy controls by TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA). Subsequently, we performed quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR assay (RT‐qPCR) validation in several independent cohorts that included 159 NSCLC patients, 120 age/sex‐matched healthy controls and 31 benign nodule patients enrolled from three different clinical centres. In addition, 38 cases of NSCLC were analysed before and after surgery. We demonstrated that miR‐520c‐3p and miR‐1274b were significantly and steadily increased in NSCLC patients in comparison with healthy controls and benign nodule patients (P < 0.001) and decreased markedly after tumour resection (P < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curve of the two‐miRNA panel were 0.857 (95% CI, 0813–0.901; P < 0.0001) and 0.845 (95% CI, 0.793–0.896; P < 0.0001) for NSCLC and NSCLC stage I, respectively. Furthermore, the panel was able to differentiate NSCLC from benign nodules with an AUC of 0.823 (95% CI, 0.730–0.915; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed the two‐miRNA panel as an independent risk factor for NSCLC (OR = 16.128, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, miR‐520c‐3p and miR‐1274b have biomarker potential for early diagnosis of NSCLC in multiple centres.
Recent Advances in Iron‐Catalyzed Chemical and Enzymatic Carbene‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Kaur Parmjeet , Tyagi Vikas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of diazo compounds in the transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions to form C−C and C−X (X=O, S, N, Si, P etc.) bonds have been a well established approach in organic synthesis. In this context, various transition metals such as Pd, Cu, Rh, Ni, Co, Fe, Ir etc. have proved useful to generate a metal‐carbene intermediate which subsequently undergoes carbene transfer or insertion to form C−C, C−Si or C‐heteroatom bonds. However, the use of most abundant, cheaper and environmentally benign metal such as iron to catalyze carbene‐transfer reactions has attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Iron is the second most abundant transition metal in nature and also an integral part of various biological systems which make it highly valuable to use as a catalyst in organic chemistry. This review summarizes the efforts made after 2013 in the area of iron‐catalyzed chemical and enzymatic carbene‐transfer reactions using diazo compounds as carbene precursor.magnified image
Nucleic acid damage and DNA repair are affected by freezing stress in annual wheat (Triticum aestivum) and by plant age and freezing in its perennial relative (Thinopyrum intermedium)
Authors: Jaikumar Nikhil S. , Dorn Kevin M. , Baas Dean , Wilke Brook , Kapp Christian , Snapp Sieglinde S. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISENucleic acid integrity can be compromised under many abiotic stresses. To date, however, few studies have considered whether nucleic acid damage and damage repair play a role in cold‐stress adaptation. A further insufficiently explored question concerns how age affects cold stress adaptation among mature perennials. As a plant ages, the optimal trade‐off between growth and stress tolerance may shift.METHODSOxidative damage to RNA and expression of genes involved in DNA repair were compared in multiple mature cohorts of Thinopyrum intermedium (an emerging perennial cereal) and in wheat and barley under intermittent freezing stress and under nonfreezing conditions. Activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and four other antioxidative enzymes was also measured under these conditions. DNA repair genes included photolyases involved in repairing ultraviolet‐induced damage and two genes involved in repairing oxidatively induced damage (ERCC1, RAD23).RESULTSFreezing stress was accompanied by large increases in photolyase expression and ERCC1 expression (in wheat and Thinopyrum) and in GPX and GR activity (particularly in Thinopyrum). This is the first report of DNA photolyases being overexpressed under freezing stress. Older Thinopyrum had lower photolyase expression and less freezing‐induced overexpression of ERCC1. Younger Thinopyrum plants sustained more oxidative damage to RNA.CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of DNA repair genes is an important aspect of cold acclimation. When comparing adult cohorts, aging was associated with changes in the freezing stress response, but not with overall increases or decreases in stress tolerance.
Total Syntheses of Kirkamide and N‐acetyl ent‐Conduramine B‐1
Authors: Narayana Chintam , Khanna Ashish , Kumari Priti , Sagar Ram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe second total synthesis of recently isolated new C7N aminocyclitol, kirkamide, has been developed. The enantiopure epoxide derived from N‐acetylglucosamine in few steps was used as a synthon to accomplish the metal free synthesis of kirkamide and N‐acetyl ent‐conduramine B‐1 in gram scale. The key synthetic steps involve stereoselective epoxidation, acid mediated regioselective epoxide ring opening followed by selective olefination.
An Integrated Electrochemical Nanodevice for Intracellular RNA Collection and Detection in Single Living Cell
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Ruan Yi‐Fan , Zhu Li‐Bang , Shi Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNew tools for single‐cell interrogation enable deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and associated cellular behaviors and functions. Information of RNA expression in single cell could contribute to our knowledge of the genetic regulatory circuits and molecular mechanism of disease development. Although significant progresses have been made for intracellular RNA analysis, existing methods have a trade‐off between operational complexity and practical feasibility. We address this challenge by combining the ionic current rectification property of nanopipette reactor with duplex‐specific nuclease‐assisted hybridization chain reaction for signal amplification to realize a simple and practical intracellular nanosensor with minimal invasiveness, which enables single‐cell collection and electrochemical detection of intracellular RNA with cell‐context preservation. Systematic studies on differentiation of oncogenic miR‐10b expression levels in non‐malignant breast cells, metastatic breast cancer cells as well as non‐metastatic breast cancer cells were then realized by this nanotool accompanied by assessment of different drugs effects. This work has unveiled the ability of electrochemistry to probe intracellular RNA and opened new opportunities to study the gene expression and heterogeneous complexity under physiological conditions down to single‐cell level.
Unveiling the Hydration Structure of Ferrihydrite for Hole Storage in Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Li Deng , Chi Haibo , Zhao Yongle , Wang Junhu , Li Dongfeng , Pang Shan , Fu Ping , Shi Jingying , Li Can 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFerrihydrite (Fh) has been demonstrated acting as a hole‐storage layer (HSL) in photoelectrocatalysis system. However, the intrinsic structure responsible for the hole storage function for Fh remains unclear. Herein, by dehydrating the Fh via a careful calcination, the essential relation between the HSL function and the structure evolution of Fh material is unraveled. The irreversible and gradual loss of crystal water molecules in Fh leads to the weakening of the HSL function, accompanied with the arrangement of inner structure units. A structure evolution of the dehydration process is proposed and the primary active structure of Fh for HSL is identified as the [FeO6] polyhedral units bonding with two or three molecules of crystal water. With the successive loss of chemical crystal water, the coordination symmetry of [FeO6] hydration units undergoes mutation and a more ordered structure is formed, causing the difficulty for accepting photogenerated holes as a consequence.
Singlet‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Unlocking Hyperpolarization with Metabolism**
Authors: Eills J. , Cavallari E. , Kircher R. , Di Matteo G. , Carrera C. , Dagys L. , Levitt M. H. , Ivanov K. L. , Aime S. , Reineri F. , Münnemann K. , Budker D. , Buntkowsky G. , Knecht S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHyperpolarization‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used to study biomolecular processes in the body, but typically requires nuclei such as 13C, 15N, or 129Xe due to their long spin‐polarization lifetimes and the absence of a proton‐background signal from water and fat in the images. Here we present a novel type of 1H imaging, in which hyperpolarized spin order is locked in a nonmagnetic long‐lived correlated (singlet) state, and is only liberated for imaging by a specific biochemical reaction. In this work we produce hyperpolarized fumarate via chemical reaction of a precursor molecule with para‐enriched hydrogen gas, and the proton singlet order in fumarate is released as antiphase NMR signals by enzymatic conversion to malate in D2O. Using this model system we show two pulse sequences to rephase the NMR signals for imaging and suppress the background signals from water. The hyperpolarization‐enhanced 1H‐imaging modality presented here can allow for hyperpolarized imaging without the need for low‐abundance, low‐sensitivity heteronuclei.
The improved interface performance between carbon fiber and poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) by sulfonated polyether sulfone (s‐PSF) sizing agent with different sulfonation degree
Authors: Ren Tianning , Zhu Guangming , Hou Xiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of sulfonated polyether sulfone (s‐PSF) with different sulfonation degrees on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber (CF)/poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) composites were investigated systematically. The performance of the modified CF and the corresponding CF/PEEK composites and was tested and characterized. Test results show that the CF surface polarity increases, the surface contact angle decreases, and the surface free energy increases with the increase in the s‐PSF sulfonation degree. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the increase in the sulfonation degree of s‐PSF is beneficial to improve the interface between CF and PEEK. This condition can be ascribed to the hydrogen bonding force between the s‐PSF sulfonic acid group and the polar functional group on the surface of the modified CF and the compatibility between s‐PSF and PEEK. In terms of physical properties, the thermal and mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composite are improved with the increase in s‐PSF sulfonation degree. The interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, and modulus of CF/PEEK composites increase by 60.16%, 30.27%, and 19.30%, respectively.
First report of COVID‐19 reinfection in a patient with beta thalassemia major
Authors: Okar Lina , Ahmad Rita , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo optimize care for patients with hemoglobinopathies, frequent screening for COVID‐19 is prudent as viral kinetics in asplenic patients are unknown and differentiating prolonged viral shedding versus reinfection remains a challenge.
Intermediate Valence States in Lanthanide Compounds
Authors: Tricoire Maxime , Mahieu Nolwenn , Simler Thomas , Nocton Grégory 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver more than 50 years, intermediate valence states in lanthanide compounds have often resulted in unexpected or puzzling spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Such experimental singularities could not be rationalised until new theoretical models involving multiconfigurational electronic ground states were established. In this minireview, the different singularities that have been observed among lanthanide complexes are highlighted, the models used to rationalise them are detailed and how such electronic effects may be adjusted depending on energy and symmetry considerations is considered. Understanding and tuning the ground‐state multiconfigurational behaviour in lanthanide complexes may open new doors to modular and unusual reactivities.
Ultrastrong Regulation Effect of the Electric Field on the All‐Carboatomic Ring Cyclo[18]Carbon**
Authors: Lu Tian , Chen Qinxue 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyclo[18]carbon has a very unique geometry and electronic structure. We found that an external electric field (EEF) has an ultrastrong regulation effect on various aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon: (1) The EEF makes the shape of the cyclo[18]carbon change from a circle to an oval, the elongation is particularly striking at a large EEF magnitude. (2) The EEF causes a huge polarization of distribution of in‐plane π electrons, and strong EEF can even make some of the electrons detached from the carbon ring (3) EEF significantly lowers LUMO energy and reduces HOMO‐LUMO gap (4) Large EEF leads to absorption band in the visible light range and thus makes the cyclo[18]carbon display color (5) Strong EEF causes a large number of new absorption peaks in IR spectrum. We also carefully analyzed how EEF deforms structure of the cyclo[18]carbon from the perspective of atomic forces and decomposition of energy variation, and the reason why the in‐plane π electrons are much more polarizable by EEF than the out‐of‐plane π electrons is discussed. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is feasible to equivalently apply a strong EEF on the cyclo[18]carbon via a purely chemical and thus a more easily achieve way, namely introducing divalent alkaline earth metal cation.
Remdesivir and Acute Renal Failure: A Potential Safety Signal From Disproportionality Analysis of the WHO Safety Database
Authors: Gérard Alexandre O. , Laurain Audrey , Fresse Audrey , Parassol Nadège , Muzzone Marine , Rocher Fanny , Esnault Vincent L.M. , Drici Milou‐Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Remdesivir is approved for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and authorized conditionally by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Its benefit‐risk ratio is still being explored because data in the field are rather scant. A decrease of the creatinine clearance associated with remdesivir has been inconstantly reported in clinical trials with unclear relevance. Despite these uncertainties, we searched for a potential signal of acute renal failure (ARF) in pharmacovigilance postmarketing data. An analysis of the international pharmacovigilance postmarketing databases (VigiBase) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was performed, using two disproportionality methods. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) compared the number of ARF cases reported with remdesivir, with those reported with other drugs prescribed in comparable situations of COVID‐19 (hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and lopinavir/ritonavir). The combination of the terms “acute renal failure” and “remdesivir” yielded a statistically significant disproportionality signal with 138 observed cases instead of the 9 expected. ROR of ARF with remdesivir was 20‐fold (20.3; confidence interval 0.95 [15.7–26.3], P < 0.0001]) that of comparative drugs. Based on ARF cases reported in VigiBase, and despite the caveats inherent to COVID‐19 circumstances, we detected a statistically significant pharmacovigilance signal of nephrotoxicity associated with remdesivir, deserving a thorough qualitative assessment of all available data. Meanwhile, as recommended in its Summary of Product Characteristics, assessment of patients with COVID‐19 renal function should prevail before and during treatment with remdesivir in COVID‐19.
The impact of urbanization on body size of Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica gutturalis
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Liu Yu , Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Lee Myung‐Bok , Xing Xiaoying , Pan Xinyuan , Liu Yang , Safran Rebecca J. , Pagani‐Núñez Emilio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUrbanization implies a dramatic impact on ecosystems, which may lead to drastic phenotypic differences between urban and nonurban individuals. For instance, urbanization is associated with increased metabolic costs, which may constrain body size, but urbanization also leads to habitat fragmentation, which may favor increases in body mass when for instance it correlates with dispersal capacity. However, this apparent contradiction has rarely been studied. This is particularly evident in China where the urbanization process is currently occurring at an unprecedented scale. Moreover, no study has addressed this issue across large geographical areas encompassing locations in different climates. In this regard, Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) are a suitable model to study the impact of urbanization on wild animals because they are a widely distributed species tightly associated with humans. Here, we collected body mass and wing length data for 359 breeding individuals of Barn Swallow (H. r. gutturalis) from 128 sites showing different levels of urbanization around the whole China. Using a set of linear mixed‐effects models, we assessed how urbanization and geography influenced body size measured using body mass, wing length, and their regression residuals. Interestingly, we found that the impact of urbanization was sex‐dependent, negatively affecting males’ body mass, its regression residuals, and females’ wing length. We also found that northern and western individuals were larger, regarding both body mass and wing length, than southern and eastern individuals. Females were heavier than males, yet males had slightly longer wings than females. Overall, our results showed that body mass of males was particularly sensitive trait to urbanization, latitude, and longitude, while it only showed a weak response to latitude in females. Conversely, while wing length showed a similar geographical pattern, it was only affected by urbanization in the case of females. Further research is needed to determine whether these phenotypic differences are associated with negative effects of urbanization or potential selective advantages.
Quantitative analysis of the three‐dimensional trap stiffness of a dielectrophoretic corral trap
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Rizwen Ur , Kwak Tae Joon , Woehl Jörg C. , Chang Woo‐Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDielectrophoresis is a robust approach for the manipulation and separation of (bio)particles using microfluidic platforms. We developed a dielectrophoretic corral trap in a microfluidic device that utilizes negative dielectrophoresis to capture single spherical polystyrene particles. Circular‐shaped micron‐size traps were employed inside the device and the three‐dimensional trap stiffness (restoring trapping force from equilibrium trapping location) was analyzed using 4.42 μm particles and 1 MHz of an alternating electric field from 6 VP‐P to 10 VP‐P. The trap stiffness increased exponentially in the x‐ and y‐direction, and linearly in the z‐direction. Image analysis of the trapped particle movements revealed that the trap stiffness is increased 608.4, 539.3, and 79.7% by increasing the voltage from 6 VP‐P to 10 VP‐P in the x‐, y‐, and z‐direction, respectively. The trap stiffness calculated from a finite element simulation of the device confirmed the experimental results. This analysis provides important insights to predict the trapping location, strength of the trapping, and optimum geometry for single particle trapping and its applications such as single‐molecule analysis and drug discovery.
Performance evaluation of a high concentrator photovoltaic integrating a Fresnel lens in Saudi Arabia: A case study
Authors: Aldossary Abdulrahman S. 
Published: December 2020

SummarySaudi Arabia has plentiful freely accessible solar energy with daily total Direct Normal Irradiance on the higher side. Furthermore, because of its extensive desert land with over 2 million km2 expanse and high clearance index, the country could be a successful contender for accommodating the High Concentrator Photovoltaic (HCPV) technology. This technology, which assimilates Fresnel lens, has drawn more attention particularly after presenting III‐V Multi‐Junction solar cells for terrestrial uses since they keep achieving new conversion efficiency accomplishments. This article evaluates the HCPV performance in Saudi Arabia using direct normal irradiance data gathered in recent times. To undertake this assessment, a validated developed optical simulation using a ray‐tracing technique is employed to evaluate the maximum and average power output that may be gathered using a single HCPV unit in the primary regions and cities in the nation. Results indicate that the highest values for average and maximum annual power yield belong to the Western Inland area with one HCPV unit having a Fresnel lens with a 0.25×0.25 m2 aperture area, and those values are over 36 and 59 kWh, respectively. Concerning cities, Tabuk has HCPV unit producing the highest average annual yield greater than 39 kWh while the maximum annual yield crosses 60 kWh. Hence, the yearly electrical energy yield of 194 such units that use an area less than 12.2 m2 corresponds to approximately 33% of the electricity demanded yearly by a typical home in Saudi Arabia, which includes heavy energy‐consuming devices like air conditioners. Additionally, the estimated pollution potentially displaced by these units as per the global warming potential indicator is around eight tons of CO2 annually.
Increasing lactose concentration is a strategy to improve the proliferation of Lactobacillushelveticus in milk
Authors: Zang Jingyi , Wang Tao , Piotr Dziugan , Zhao Hongfei , Zhang Bolin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the research was to explore the effect of carbon sources on the proliferation of Lactobacillus helveticus. In this study, lactose was added to skim milk medium and the effects of carbon sources on the growth and proliferation of Lactobacillus helveticus in low‐ and high‐sugar media were compared from the aspects of metabolism‐related enzyme activity, proteomics, and transcriptomics. The results showed that under high‐sugar conditions, the rate of substance transport to cells and the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway were significantly accelerated. The synthesis and metabolism of cells were significantly enhanced, which was beneficial to the rapid proliferation of cells. By increasing the lactose concentration in the medium and optimizing the culture method, the cell density of Lactobacillus helveticus reached 3.98 × 109 CFU/ml; a good proliferation effect was obtained.
Mining frequent approximate patterns in large networks
Authors: Driss Kaouthar , Boulila Wadii , Leborgne Aurélie , Gançarski Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFrequent pattern mining (FPM) algorithms are often based on graph isomorphism in order to identify common pattern occurrences. Recent research works, however, have focused on cases in which patterns can differ from their occurrences. Such cases have great potential for the analysis of noisy network data. Most existing FPM algorithms consider differences in edges and their labels, but none of them so far has considered the structural differences of vertices and their labels. Discerning how to identify cases that differ from the initial pattern by any number of vertices, edges, or labels has become the main challenge of recent research works. As a solution, we suggest a novel FMP algorithm named mining frequent approximate patterns (MFAPs) with two central new characteristics. First, we begin by using the inexact matching technique, which allows for structural differences in edge, vertices, and labels. Second, we follow the approximate matching with a focus on mining patterns within the directed graph, as opposed to the more commonly explored case of patterns being mined from the undirected graph. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of this new MFAP algorithm in identifying patterns within an optimized time.