bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathophysiological nature of sarcomeres in trigger points in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: A preliminary study
Authors: Jin Feihong , Guo Yaqiu , Wang Zi , Badughaish Ahmed , Pan Xin , Zhang Li , Qi Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has a high global prevalence and is associated with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in taut bands or nodules. Little is known about the aetiology. The current study assessed the pathophysiological characteristics of MTrPs in MPS patients.MethodsBiopsies of the trapezius muscle were collected from the MTrPs of MPS patients (MTrP group; n = 29) and from healthy controls (control group; n = 24), and their morphologies were analysed via haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. A protein microarray was used to detect the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family proteins. mRNA and long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) sequencing and analysis were conducted, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of EphB and Rho family proteins.ResultsAbnormally contracted sarcomeres showed enlarged, round fibres without inflammation or fibrosis. An lncRNA‐mRNA network analysis revealed activation of muscle contraction signalling pathways in MTrP regions. Among RTK family proteins, 15 exhibited increased phosphorylation, and two exhibited decreased phosphorylation in the MTrP regions relative to control levels. In particular, EphB1/EphB2 phosphorylation was increased on the muscle cell membranes of abnormal sarcomeres. RhoA and Rac1, but not cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), were activated in the abnormal sarcomeres.ConclusionsEphB1/EphB2 and RhoA/Rac1 might play roles in the aetiology of abnormally contracted sarcomeres in MTrPs without inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic adhesion.SignificanceContracted sarcomeres were found in MTrP regions, which is consistent with the MTrP formation hypothesis. EphB1/EphB2 and RhoA/Rac1 might play roles in the sarcomere contractile sites of MTrPs, which may be promising therapeutic targets.
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium in psychogeriatric outpatients
Authors: Quispel‐Aggenbach Daisy W. P. , Schep‐de Ruiter Esther P. R. , van Bergen Wilma , Bolling J. Rob , Zuidema Sytse U. , Luijendijk Hendrika J. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDelirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, which requires timely treatment. However, it is easily missed, especially in older patients with premorbid cognitive disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of delirium in older outpatients with and without dementia.MethodWe assessed 444 patients referred to the memory clinic of a psychiatric hospital between March 2013 and March 2014. Demographic information, medical history, impairments in daily living activities and referral information were registered. Patients underwent a psychiatric examination using the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 and cognitive tests, a physical examination and laboratory tests. We recorded medication use and changes before and after the onset of symptoms.ResultsAmong the 444 outpatients, 85 had probable delirium (prevalence of 19%), and 10 had subsyndromal delirium (2%). The most common triggers were infection (42%), drug‐intoxication or withdrawal (22%), and metabolic/endocrine disturbance (12%). Age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02‐1.11) and prior delirium (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.28‐8.69) were independent non‐modifiable factors associated with an increased risk of delirium. The only independent modifiable risk factor was infection (OR 17.31, 95% CI 8.44‐35.49).ConclusionsA delirium was detected in one of five patients referred for dementia screening. Most patients could be treated at home. Age and prior delirium were predictive of an increased risk of delirium.
The scale of COVID‐19 graphs affects understanding, attitudes, and policy preferences
Authors: Romano Alessandro , Sotis Chiara , Dominioni Goran , Guidi Sebastián 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMass media routinely present data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diffusion with graphs that use either a log scale or a linear scale. We show that the choice of the scale adopted on these graphs has important consequences on how people understand and react to the information conveyed. In particular, we find that when we show the number of COVID‐19 related deaths on a logarithmic scale, people have a less accurate understanding of how the pandemic has developed, make less accurate predictions on its evolution, and have different policy preferences than when they are exposed to a linear scale. Consequently, merely changing the scale the data is presented on can alter public policy preferences and the level of worry about the pandemic, despite the fact that people are routinely exposed to COVID‐19 related information. Providing the public with information in ways they understand better can help improving the response to COVID‐19, thus, mass media and policymakers communicating to the general public should always describe the evolution of the pandemic using a graph on a linear scale, at least as a default option. Our results suggest that framing matters when communicating to the public.
A role for the Sts phosphatases in negatively regulating IFNγ‐mediated production of nitric oxide in monocytes
Authors: Parashar Kaustubh , Carpino Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe atypical Sts phosphatases negatively regulate signaling pathways in diverse immune cell types, with two of their molecular targets being the related kinases Syk and Zap‐70. Mice lacking Sts expression (Sts−/−) are resistant to infection by the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis. Although the mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance of Sts−/− mice have not been definitively established, Sts−/− bone marrow‐derived monocytes (BMMs) demonstrate greater clearance of intracellular LVS following ex vivo infection, relative to wild type cells. To determine how the Sts proteins regulate monocyte bactericidal properties, we analyzed responses of infected cells.MethodsMonocyte bacterial clearance was assayed using ex vivo coculture infections followed by colony‐forming unit analysis of intracellular bacteria. Levels of gene expression were quantified by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, levels of Nos2 protein levels were quantified by Western blot analysis, and levels of nitric oxide (NO) were quantified directly using the Griess reagent. We characterized monocyte cytokine production via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe demonstrate that Sts−/− monocyte cultures produce elevated levels of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) after infection, relative to wild type cultures. Sts−/− monocytes also demonstrate heightened responsiveness to IFNγ. Specifically, Sts−/− monocytes produce elevated levels of antimicrobial NO following IFNγ stimulation, and this NO plays an important role in LVS restriction. Additional IFNγ‐stimulated genes, including Ip10 and members of the Gbp gene family, also display heightened upregulation in Sts−/− cells. Both Sts‐1 and Sts‐2 contribute to the regulation of NO production, as evidenced by the responses of monocytes lacking each phosphatase individually. Finally, we demonstrate that the elevated production of IFNγ‐induced NO in Sts−/− monocytes is abrogated following chemical inhibition of Syk kinase.ConclusionOur results indicate a novel role for the Sts enzymes in regulating monocyte antibacterial responses downstream of IFNγ.
The impact of mandatory K‐IFRS adoption on IPO underpricing
Authors: Lee Hyun Duk , Oh Frederick Dongchuhl , Park Junghum 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines whether mandatory Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (K‐IFRS) adoption in Korea reduces initial public offering (IPO) underpricing. We find that IPO underpricing has increased following the mandatory adoption of K‐IFRS in 2011. We also show that this relation is more pronounced for non‐chaebol firms, firms not backed by venture capital, and firms in concentrated industries. This suggests that the negative impact of K‐IFRS adoption is concentrated on the firms with a greater pre‐adoption information asymmetry. Our results indicate that some policy consideration is needed in order to help investors adapt to the newly adopted standards, especially to those related to firms seeking to go public. (JEL G38, M48).
Deep convolutional neural network recovers pure absorbance spectra from highly scatter‐distorted spectra of cells
Authors: Magnussen Eirik Almklov , Solheim Johanne Heitmann , Blazhko Uladzislau , Tafintseva Valeria , Tøndel Kristin , Liland Kristian Hovde , Dzurendova Simona , Shapaval Volha , Sandt Christophe , Borondics Ferenc , Kohler Achim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy of cells and tissues is prone to Mie scattering distortions, which grossly obscure the relevant chemical signals. The state‐of‐the‐art Mie extinction extended multiplicative signal correction (ME‐EMSC) algorithm is a powerful tool for the recovery of pure absorbance spectra from highly scatter‐distorted spectra. However, the algorithm is computationally expensive and the correction of large infrared imaging datasets requires weeks of computations. In this paper, we present a deep convolutional descattering autoencoder (DSAE) which was trained on a set of ME‐EMSC corrected infrared spectra and which can massively reduce the computation time for scatter correction. Since the raw spectra showed large variability in chemical features, different reference spectra matching the chemical signals of the spectra were used to initialize the ME‐EMSC algorithm, which is beneficial for the quality of the correction and the speed of the algorithm. One DSAE was trained on the spectra, which were corrected with different reference spectra and validated on independent test data. The DSAE outperformed the ME‐EMSC correction in terms of speed, robustness, and noise levels. We confirm that the same chemical information is contained in the DSAE corrected spectra as in the spectra corrected with ME‐EMSC.
Autofocusing technologies for whole slide imaging and automated microscopy
Authors: Bian Zichao , Guo Chengfei , Jiang Shaowei , Zhu Jiakai , Wang Ruihai , Song Pengming , Zhang Zibang , Hoshino Kazunori , Zheng Guoan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhole slide imaging (WSI) has moved digital pathology closer to diagnostic practice in recent years. Due to the inherent tissue topography variability, accurate autofocusing remains a critical challenge for WSI and automated microscopy systems. The traditional focus map surveying method is limited in its ability to acquire a high degree of focus points while still maintaining high throughput. Real‐time approaches decouple image acquisition from focusing, thus allowing for rapid scanning while maintaining continuous accurate focus. This work reviews the traditional focus map approach and discusses the choice of focus measure for focal plane determination. It also discusses various real‐time autofocusing approaches including reflective‐based triangulation, confocal pinhole detection, low‐coherence interferometry, tilted sensor approach, independent dual sensor scanning, beam splitter array, phase detection, dual‐LED illumination and deep‐learning approaches. The technical concepts, merits and limitations of these methods are explained and compared to those of a traditional WSI system. This review may provide new insights for the development of high‐throughput automated microscopy imaging systems that can be made broadly available and utilizable without loss of capacity.
Physicochemical damage and early‐stage biological response to X‐ray radiation studied in prostate cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Roman Maciej , Wrobel Tomasz P. , Panek Agnieszka , Paluszkiewicz Czeslawa , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExposure to ionizing radiation significantly affects biochemistry of cancer cells. The effect of irradiation can be divided into two stages, that is, the physicochemical stage and the biological response. Both effects induce different biochemical changes in the cells and should be analyzed as two separate phenomena. Thus, in the current study, Raman spectroscopy of prostate cancer cells fixed before (the physicochemical damage model) and just after (the biological response model) irradiation was undertaken to compare biochemical composition of irradiated cancer cells at both stages. Spectroscopic analysis of the cells was performed separately for cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. Biochemical changes of irradiated cells were analyzed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) method on the basis of the collected Raman spectra. Regression coefficients were therefore used to describe differences and similarities between biochemical composition of cancer cells undergoing the physicochemical stage and biological response. Additionally, PLSR models of both phenomena were compared for linear dose‐dependence and a cross prediction.
17β‐Estradiol via Orai1 activates calcium mobilization to induce cell proliferation in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Lv Xiaoyu , Miao Chunlei , Liu Mengyan , Wang Xinbo , Wang Lin , Wang Di 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal estrogen‐sensitive gynecological cancer. Studies have reported that estrogen induces rapid cellular calcium mobilization in cells and can determine the fate of a cell. We found that estrogen increased the calcium release‐activated calcium channel modulator 1 (Orai1) protein expression levels in SK‐OV‐3 cells. However, to date, there has been no research on the functional relationship and molecular mechanism of estrogen‐regulating Orai1 during EOC development. In our study, Orai1 had a high expression level in high‐grade serous ovarian tumor tissues and SK‐OV‐3 cells. Estrogen promoted cell proliferation and migration while inhibiting cell apoptosis in SK‐OV‐3 cells. Orai1 silencing suppressed estrogen‐induced cell migration and proliferation. Overexpression of Orai1, however, enhanced the ability of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to exert its function. Estrogen induced rapid calcium influx in SK‐OV‐3 cells. Knockdown of Orai1 in SK‐OV‐3 cells blocked E2‐induced stored‐operated Ca2+ influx. The messenger RNA expression of caspase 3, matrix metallopeptidase 1, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 were regulated via Orai1 under E2 treatment. Our results suggest that estrogen, by regulating Orai1, induced calcium influx to determine cell fate.
Spin‐inversion mechanisms in O2 binding to a model heme compound: A perspective from nonadiabatic wave packet calculations
Authors: Saito Kohei , Watabe Yuya , Miyazaki Takaaki , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Hasegawa Jun‐ya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpin‐inversion dynamics in O2 binding to a model heme complex, which consisted of Fe(II)‐porphyrin and imidazole, were studied using nonadiabatic wave packet dynamics calculations. We considered three active nuclear degrees of freedom in the dynamics, including the motions along the Fe–O distance, Fe–O–O angle, and Fe out‐of‐plane distance. Spin‐free potential energy surfaces for the singlet, triplet, quintet, and septet states were developed using density functional theory calculations, and spin–orbit coupling elements were obtained from CASSCF‐level electronic structure calculations. The spin‐inversion mainly occurred between the singlet state and one of the triplet states due to large spin–orbit couplings and the contributions of other states were extremely small. The present quantum dynamics calculations suggested that the narrow crossing region model plays a dominant role in the O2 binding dynamics. In addition, the one‐dimensional Landau–Zener model underestimated the nonadiabatic transition probability.
Clinician‐collected urethra swab: A good alternative sample type using cobas 4800 system for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men
Authors: Wang Qing‐Yong , Zheng Lu‐Qing , Li Rong‐Hai , Zheng Ying , Chen Xun , Li Qi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are being used increasing to detection of CT (Chlamydia trachomatis) and NG (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) infections for superior sensitivity and specificity than other tests. Male first‐void urine (FVU) sample is the optimal sample type for detection of CT and NG by NAATs. Although not being the recommended by NAATs, clinician‐collected urethra swab (CCUS) is perhaps a good alternative sample type compared with the FVU sample in men.MethodsPaired samples (FVU and CCUS) from one hundred male outpatients were simultaneously detected by urine pattern and swab pattern using cobas 4800 CT/NG assay on cobas 4800 system for the detection of CT and NG, respectively. And twenty‐one positive controls were also detected on cobas 4800 system.ResultsThe CT/NG cycle thresholds (Ct) value of urine pattern is lower than that of swab pattern for the same positive samples (clinical samples and positive controls) on the cobas 4800 CT/NG assay. The final CT/NG results of two sample patterns from patients were highly consistent except for four discordant results.ConclusionCCUS is validated for a good alternative sample type for the CT/NG detection on the cobas 4800 system in this study.
LncRNA LINC00210 regulated radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells via miR‐342‐3p/GFRA1 axis
Authors: He Pan , Xu Yong‐qiang , Wang Zhi‐jun , Sheng Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy is an effective strategy for preventing cancer metastasis, including osteosarcoma. However, cancer radioresistance limits the efficiency of radiotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of osteosarcoma radioresistance.MethodsThe osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent healthy tissues were collected from 53 osteosarcoma patients. The expression of LINC00210, miR‐342‐3p, and GFRA1 mRNA were determined using qRT‐PCR. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell surviving fraction were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and colony formation assay, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the protein levels. Luciferase assay was conducted to verify the relationship between LINC00210, miR‐342‐3p, and GFRA1.ResultsLINC00210 and GFRA1 were up‐regulated, and miR‐342‐3p was down‐regulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The expression of LINC00210 in osteosarcoma was negatively related to miR‐342‐3p expression and positively associated with GFRA1. Besides, there was a negative correlation between LINC00210 and GFRA1 expression in osteosarcoma. Also, LINC00210 and GFRA1 were up‐regulated, and miR‐342‐3p was down‐regulated in osteosarcoma cells exposed to 4 Gy irradiation treatment. Furthermore, either LINC00210 knockdown or miR‐342‐3p overexpression enhanced the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, LINC00210 increased GFRA1 expression via sponging miR‐342‐3p. Additionally, LINC00210 knockdown improved the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells by regulating GFRA1 expression via sponging miR‐342‐3p.ConclusionLINC00210 modulated the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells via the miR‐342‐3p/GFRA1 axis, making LINC00210 a novel target for improving radiotherapy efficiency in osteosarcoma.
Moderating effects of dysregulation and fear of positive emotions on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive memory count
Authors: Contractor Ateka A. , Weiss Nicole H. , Forkus Shannon R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe examined moderating effects of positive emotion dysregulation and fear of positive emotions in the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and positive memory count.MethodParticipants were 205 trauma‐exposed community individuals (Mage = 35.44; 61.50% female).ResultsModeration analyses indicated interaction effects of PTSD severity with nonacceptance of positive emotions (b = −0.01, p = .002) and difficulties with goal‐directed behaviors when experiencing positive emotions (b = −0.01, p = .006) on positive memory count.ConclusionsGreater PTSD severity was associated with more specific positive memories when individuals reported less nonacceptance of positive emotions and fewer difficulties engaging in goal‐directed behaviors in the context of positive emotions. Greater PTSD severity was associated with fewer specific positive memories when individuals reported greater nonacceptance of positive emotions and greater difficulties engaging in goal‐directed behaviors in the context of positive emotions. Results support addressing positive emotion dysregulation in memory‐focused interventions for PTSD.
Combating HIV stigma in low‐ and middle‐income healthcare settings: a scoping review
Authors: Smith M. Kumi , Xu Richie H. , Hunt Shanda L. , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D. , Tang Weiming , Luo Danyang , Xue Hao , Wang Cheng , Yang Ligang , Yang Bin , Li Li , Joyner Benny L. , Sylvia Sean Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionNearly 40 years into the HIV epidemic, the persistence of HIV stigma is a matter of grave urgency. Discrimination (i.e. enacted stigma) in healthcare settings is particularly problematic as it deprives people of critical healthcare services while also discouraging preventive care seeking by confirming fears of anticipated stigma. We review existing research on the effectiveness of stigma interventions in healthcare settings of low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), where stigma control efforts are often further complicated by heavy HIV burdens, less developed healthcare systems, and the layering of HIV stigma with discrimination towards other marginalized identities. This review describes progress in this field to date and identifies research gaps to guide future directions for research.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of HIV reduction interventions in LMIC healthcare settings using Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus (through March 5, 2020). Information regarding study design, stigma measurement techniques, intervention features and study findings were extracted. We also assessed methodological rigor using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews.Results and discussionOur search identified 8766 studies, of which 19 were included in the final analysis. All but one study reported reductions in stigma following the intervention. The studies demonstrated broad regional distribution across LMIC and many employed designs that made use of a control condition. However, these strengths masked key shortcomings including a dearth of research from the lowest income category of LMIC and a lack of interventions to address institutional or structural determinants of stigma. Lastly, despite the fact that most stigma measures were based on existing instruments, only three studies described steps taken to validate or adapt the stigma measures to local settings.ConclusionsCombating healthcare stigma in LMIC demands interventions that can simultaneously address resource constraints, high HIV burden and more severe stigma. Our findings suggest that this will require more objective, reliable and culturally adaptable stigma measures to facilitate meaningful programme evaluation and comparison across studies. All but one study concluded that their interventions were effective in reducing healthcare stigma. Though encouraging, the fact that most studies measured impact using self‐reported measures suggests that social desirability may bias results upwards. Homogeneity of study results also hindered our ability to draw substantive conclusions about potential best practices to guide the design of future stigma reduction programmes.