bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait-based community assembly of epiphytic diatoms in saline astatic ponds: a test of the stress-dominance hypothesis
Authors: Ács Éva , Földi Angéla , Vad Csaba Ferenc , Trábert Zsuzsa , Kiss Keve Tihamér , Duleba Mónika , Borics Gábor , Grigorszky István , Botta-Dukát Zoltán 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stress dominance hypothesis (SDH) postulates that strong environmental gradients drive trait convergence in communities over limiting similarity. Previous studies, conducted mostly with terrestrial plant communities, found controversial evidence for this prediction. We provide here the first test for SDH for epiphytic diatoms. We studied community assembly in diatom communities of astatic ponds. These water bodies serve as a good model system for testing SDH because they exhibit stress gradients of various environmental factors. Functional diversity of diatom communities was assessed based on four traits: (1) combined trait reflecting the trade-off between stress tolerance and competitive dominance, (2) cell size, (3) oxygen requirement and (4) N-uptake strategy. According to our results, salinity, pH and the width of the macrophyte belt appeared as significant predictors of the trait convergence/divergence patterns presumably acting through influencing the availability of carbon dioxide and turbidity. Lower trait diversity was found in turbid, more saline and more alkaline ponds and functional diversity was higher in transparent, less saline and less alkaline ponds. Overall, our results supported the stress dominance hypothesis. In habitats representing increased environmental stress, environmental filtering was the most important community assembly rule, while limiting similarity became dominant under more favourable conditions.
From taxonomic deflation to newly detected cryptic species: Hidden diversity in a widespread African squeaker catfish
Authors: Jirsová Dagmar , Štefka Jan , Blažek Radim , Malala John O. , Lotuliakou David E. , Mahmoud Zuheir N. , Jirků Miloslav 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCryptic genetic diversity and erroneous morphological species determination represent frequent problems in biodiversity research. Here, examination of 138 specimens of Synodontis (Mochokidae, Siluriformes) from the Nile River and Lake Turkana revealed the presence of both S. schall-like and S. frontosus-like morphotypes, with a phenotypic gradient between them. We concluded phylogenetic and population genetic analyses based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear marker including 131 coxI (565 bp), 96 cytb (973 bp) and 19 RAG2 (896 bp) sequences from the Nile-Turkana population, plus additional GenBank data of Synodontis spp. Whilst nuclear data were inconclusive, mitochondrial sequences suggested that both morphotypes and intermediate forms are conspecific. The results imply probable synonymy of S. frontosus with S. schall. Conversely, a strong biogeographical signal was revealed among widely distributed and supposedly conspecific S. schall-like catfish of the Nilo-Sudanian ichthyological province. Synodontis schall sensu stricto (=Eastern clade), as defined by type locality in the Nile, is apparently restricted to the eastern part of the Nilo-Sudanian ichthyological province (e.g. Nile, Turkana, Chad). Synodontis schall Western clade (Senegambia, Niger, Chad) most probably represents a cryptic taxon, unrecognized thus far due to the absence of distinctive morphological differences.
Asian and African lineage Zika viruses show differential replication and innate immune responses in human dendritic cells and macrophages
Authors: Österlund Pamela , Jiang Miao , Westenius Veera , Kuivanen Suvi , Järvi Riia , Kakkola Laura , Lundberg Rickard , Melén Krister , Korva Miša , Avšič – Županc Tatjana , Vapalahti Olli , Julkunen Ilkka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infections in humans are considered to be mild or subclinical. However, during the recent epidemics in the Pacific Islands and the Americas, the infection was associated with Quillain-Barré syndrome and congenital infections with fetal brain abnormalities, including microcephaly. Thus, more detailed understanding of ZIKV-host cell interactions and regulation of innate immune responses by strains of differential evolutionary origin is required. Here, we characterized the infection and immune responses triggered by two epidemic Asian/American lineage viruses, including an isolate from fetal brains, and a historical, low passage 1947 African lineage virus in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. The epidemic Asian/American ZIKV replicated well and induced relatively good antiviral responses in human DCs whereas the African strain replicated less efficiently and induced weaker immune responses. In macrophages both the African and Asian strains showed limited replication and relatively weak cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, in macrophages we observed host protein degradation, especially IRF3 and STAT2, at early phases of infection with both lineage viruses, suggesting an early proteasomal activation in phagocytic cells. Our data indicates that ZIKV evolution has led to significant phenotypic differences in the replication characteristics leading to differential regulation of host innate immune responses.
A Dual-modality Smartphone Microendoscope for Quantifying the Physiological and Morphological Properties of Epithelial Tissues
Authors: Hong Xiangqian , Lu Tongtong , Fruzyna Liam , Yu Bing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a nonconcurrent dual-modality fiber-optic microendoscope (named SmartME) that integrates quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and high-resolution fluorescence imaging (FLI) into a smartphone platform. The FLI module has a spatial resolution of ~3.5 µm, which allows the determination of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) of epithelial tissues. The DRS has a spectral resolution of ~2 nm and can measure the total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and scattering properties of epithelial tissues with mean errors of 4.7% and 6.9%, respectively, which are comparable to the errors achieved with a benchtop spectrometer. Our preliminary in vivo studies from a single healthy human subject demonstrate that the SmartME can noninvasively quantify the tissue parameters of normal human oral mucosa tissues, including labial mucosa tissue, gingival tissue, and tongue dorsum tissue. The THCs of the three oral mucosa tissues are significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0.003). The reduced scattering coefficients of the gingival and labial tissues are significantly different from those of the tongue dorsum tissue (p < 0.001) but are not significantly different from each other. The N/Cs for all three tissue types are similar. The SmartME has great potential to be used as a portable, cost-effective, and globally connected tool to quantify the THC and scattering properties of tissues in vivo.
Structural and phylogenetic implications of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ledra auditura
Authors: Wang Jia-Jia , Li De-Fang , Li Hu , Yang Mao-Fa , Dai Ren-Huai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe sequenced and annotated the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ledra auditura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among 47 species (including 2 outgroup species) on the basis of 3 datasets using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The complete L. auditura mitogenome (length, 16,094 bp) comprises 37 genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs], 1 control region, and 2 long non-coding regions. The first long non-coding region (length, 211 bp) is located between tRNA-I and tRNA-Q and the second region (length, 994 bp) between tRNA-S2 and ND1. All PCGs show ATN (Met/Ile) as their start codon and TAR as their stop codon. Except tRNA-S1 (AGN), which lacks the dihydrouridine arm, all tRNAs can fold into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The complete L. auditura mitogenome shows a base composition bias of 76.3% A + T (A = 29.9%, T = 46.4%, G = 13.3%, and C = 10.5%), negative AT skew of −0.22, and positive GC skew of 0.12. In ML and BI analyses, L. auditura was clustered with Evacanthus heimianus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) with strong branch support.
Vibration behavior of diamondene nano-ribbon passivated by hydrogen
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Ranran , Shi Jiao , Cai Kun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiamondene is a new kind of two dimensional carbon allotrope with excellent properties and passivation approaches are often used to reduce the extremely high pressure required during its fabrication. When a one-end-clamped diamondene ribbon is hydrogenated on one surface, the ribbon tends to bend and vibrate due to asymmetric layout of C-H bonds on two surfaces. In the present work, the vibration behavior, including natural curvatures and vibration frequencies of diamondene ribbons, were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that the natural curvature radius of a narrow diamondene ribbon is close to 12.17 nm at a temperature below 150 K, which is essential for fabricating an arc nanodevice. The first order frequency (f1) of a cantilever beam made from the ribbon follows traditional beam vibration theory if the slenderness ratio is low. In particular, f1 increases logarithmically at temperature below 50 K, but changes slightly between 50 K and 150 K. It suggests a design scheme for a nanoresonator with temperature-controlled frequency.
Serum milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shimagaki Tomonari , Yoshio Sachiyo , Kawai Hironari , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Doi Hiroyoshi , Matsuda Michitaka , Mori Taizo , Osawa Yosuke , Fukai Moto , Yoshida Takeshi , Ma Yunfei , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Taketomi Akinobu , Hanayama Rikinari , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent serum hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers are insufficient for early diagnosis. We aimed to clarify whether serum MFG-E8 can serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of HCC. Serum MFG-E8 levels of 282 HCC patients, who underwent primary hepatectomy, were examined by ELISA. We also quantified serum MFG-E8 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), as well as in healthy volunteers (HVs). Serum MFG-E8 levels were significantly lower in HCC patients than in HVs regardless of the etiology of liver disease (3.6 ± 0.1 vs 5.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), and recovered after treatment of HCC. Serum MFG-E8 levels in CH and LC patients were comparable to those in HVs. Serum MFG-E8 could detect HCCs, even α-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative or des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)-negative HCCs, in CH and LC patients. Our new HCC prediction model using MFG-E8 and DCP (Logit(p) = 2.619 − 0.809 × serum MFG-E8 + 0.0226 × serum DCP) distinguished HCC patients from CH and LC patients with an area under the curve of 0.923, a sensitivity of 81.1%, and a specificity of 89.8%. Futhermore, low preoperative serum MFG-E8 was an independent predictor of poor overall survival. Thus, serum MFG-E8 could serve as a feasible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Gene expression profile analysis of ileum transcriptomes in pigs fed Gelsemium elegans plants
Authors: Huang Chong-Yin , Yang Kun , Cao Jun-Jie , Li Yu-Juan , Wang Zi-Yuan , Yu Hui , Sun Zhi-Liang , Zheng Xiaofeng , Liu Zhao-Ying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGelsemium elegans is a flowering plant in the Loganiaceae. Because it can promote the growth of pigs and sheep, it is widely used, including in veterinary clinics, but little information is available about its biological effects. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ileums of pigs between a control group and a group fed Gelsemium elegans for 45 days. We found that Gelsemium elegans affected many inflammatory and immune pathways, including biological processes such as defense responses, inflammation and immune responses. Moreover, this study identified several important genes related to the anti-inflammatory activity of Gelsemium elegans (e.g., CXCL-8, IL1A, and CSF2), which will be beneficial for further study of the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Gelsemium elegans.
Improved 18S and 28S rDNA primer sets for NGS-based parasite detection
Authors: Kounosu Asuka , Murase Kazunori , Yoshida Akemi , Maruyama Haruhiko , Kikuchi Taisei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development and application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled comprehensive analyses of the microbial community through extensive parallel sequencing. Current analyses of the eukaryotic microbial community are primarily based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) fragments. We found that widely-used 18S rDNA primers can amplify numerous stretches of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, preventing the high-throughput detection of rare eukaryotic species, particularly in bacteria-rich samples such as faecal material. In this study, we employed in silico and NGS-based analyses of faecal samples to evaluated the existing primers targeting eukaryotic 18S and 28S rDNA in terms of avoiding bacterial read contamination and improving taxonomic coverage for eukaryotes, with a particular emphasis on parasite taxa. Our findings revealed that newly selected primer sets could achieve these objectives, representing an alternative strategy for NGS.
Static magnetic field stimulation of the supplementary motor area modulates resting-state activity and motor behavior
Authors: Pineda-Pardo José A. , Obeso Ignacio , Guida Pasqualina , Dileone Michele , Strange Bryan A. , Obeso José A. , Oliviero Antonio , Foffani Guglielmo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFocal application of a strong static magnetic field over the human scalp induces measurable local changes in brain function. Whether it also induces distant effects across the brain and how these local and distant effects collectively affect motor behavior remains unclear. Here we applied transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) over the supplementary motor area (SMA) in healthy subjects. At a behavioral level, tSMS increased the time to initiate movement while decreasing errors in choice reaction-time tasks. At a functional level, tSMS increased SMA resting-state fMRI activity and bilateral functional connectivity between the SMA and both the paracentral lobule and the lateral frontotemporal cortex, including the inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest that tSMS over the SMA can induce behavioral aftereffects associated with modulation of both local and distant functionally-connected cortical circuits involved in the control of speed-accuracy tradeoffs, thus offering a promising protocol for cognitive and clinical research.
A natural mouse model reveals genetic determinants of systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson disease)
Authors: Raza Abbas , Xie Zhihui , Chan Eunice C. , Chen Wei-Sheng , Scott Linda M. , Robin Eisch A. , Krementsov Dimitry N. , Rosenberg Helene F. , Parikh Samir M. , Blankenhorn Elizabeth P. , Teuscher Cory , Druey Kirk M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS, Clarkson disease) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent episodes of vascular leakage of proteins and fluids into peripheral tissues, resulting in whole-body edema and hypotensive shock. The pathologic mechanisms and genetic basis for SCLS remain elusive. Here we identify an inbred mouse strain, SJL, which recapitulates cardinal features of SCLS, including susceptibility to histamine- and infection-triggered vascular leak. We named this trait “Histamine hypersensitivity” (Histh/Histh) and mapped it to Chromosome 6.Histhis syntenic to the genomic locus most strongly associated with SCLS in humans (3p25.3), revealing that the predisposition to develop vascular hyperpermeability has a strong genetic component conserved between humans and mice and providing a naturally occurring animal model for SCLS. Genetic analysis ofHisthmay reveal orthologous candidate genes that contribute not only to SCLS, but also to normal and dysregulated mechanisms underlying vascular barrier function more generally.
Biexciton in one-dimensional Mott insulators
Authors: Miyamoto T. , Kakizaki T. , Terashige T. , Hata D. , Yamakawa H. , Morimoto T. , Takamura N. , Yada H. , Takahashi Y. , Hasegawa T. , Matsuzaki H. , Tohyama T. , Okamoto H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMott insulators sometimes show dramatic changes in their electronic states after photoirradiation, as indicated by photoinduced Mott-insulator-to-metal transition. In the photoexcited states of Mott insulators, electron wave functions are more delocalized than in the ground state, and long-range Coulomb interactions play important roles in charge dynamics. However, their effects are difficult to discriminate experimentally. Here, we show that in a one-dimensional Mott insulator, bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene-difluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (ET-F2TCNQ), long-range Coulomb interactions stabilize not only excitons, doublon-holon bound states, but also biexcitons. By measuring terahertz-electric-field-induced reflectivity changes, we demonstrate that odd- and even-parity excitons are split off from a doublon-holon continuum. Further, spectral changes of reflectivity induced by a resonant excitation of the odd-parity exciton reveals that an exciton-biexciton transition appears just below the exciton-transition peak. Theoretical simulations show that long-range Coulomb interactions over four sites are necessary to stabilize the biexciton. Such information is indispensable for understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of photoexcited Mott insulators.
Superradiance from lattice-confined atoms inside hollow core fibre
Authors: Okaba Shoichi , Yu Deshui , Vincetti Luca , Benabid Fetah , Katori Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnravelling superradiance, also known as superfluorescence, relies on an ensemble of phase-matched dipole oscillators and the suppression of inhomogeneous broadening. Here we report a superradiance platform that combines an optical lattice free from the ac Stark shift and a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre, enabling an extended atom-light interaction over 2 mm free from the Doppler effect. This system allows control of the atom spatial distribution and spectral homogeneity whilst efficiently coupling the radiation field to an optical fibre. The experimentally-observed and theoretically-corroborated temporal, spectral and spatial dynamic behaviours of the superradiance, e.g., superradiance ringing and density-dependent frequency shift, demonstrate a unique interplay between the trapped atoms and the fibre-guided field with multiple transverse modes. Our theory indicates that the resulting temporal evolution of the guided light shows a minimal beam radius of 3.1 µm which is three times smaller than that of the lowest-loss fibre mode.
Improving Patient Safety and Patient–Provider Communication
Authors: Hurtig Richard R. , Alper Rebecca M. , Bryant Karen N. T. , Davidson Krista R. , Bilskemper Chelsea 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Many hospitalized patients experience barriers to effective patient–provider communication that can negatively impact their care. These barriers include difficulty physically accessing the nurse call system, communicating about pain and other needs, or both. For many patients, these barriers are a result of their admitting condition and not of an underlying chronic disability. Speech-language pathologists have begun to address patients' short-term communication needs with an array of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies.

Method
This study used a between-groups experimental design to evaluate the impact of providing patients with AAC systems so that they could summon help and communicate with their nurses. The study examined patients' and nurses' perceptions of the patients' ability to summon help and effectively communicate with caregivers.

Results
Patients who could summon their nurses and effectively communicate—with or without AAC—had significantly more favorable perceptions than those who could not.

Conclusions
This study suggests that AAC can be successfully used in acute care settings to help patients overcome access and communication barriers. Working with other members of the health care team is essential to building a “culture of communication” in acute care settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9990962
Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: A Case Series in Verbal Working Memory Treatments for Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Deficits
Authors: Wood Teryl Jean , Wolgemuth Keith 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Individuals with traumatic brain injury may suffer chronic cognitive–linguistic deficits in areas such as verbal working memory, which impede attainment of long-term rehabilitation goals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual rehabilitation programs focusing on cognitive skill building of memory and attention in the verbal domain may provide comparable outcomes to traditional compensatory, mnemonics-based training approaches.

Method

Rhythmic language training is presented as a novel therapeutic tool for targeting discrete cognitive skills that may provide specific benefits for chronic traumatic brain injury symptoms that conventional therapy programs may not. Standardized testing with the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (
Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000
) was used for pre- and posttest comparisons in 2 cases presented as a series. Electroencephalography was employed concurrently with behavioral testing to examine changes in working memory for each case.

Results
Posttest measurements indicated positive changes in verbal working memory occurred, but to different degrees for each participant.

Conclusion
The preliminary positive effects observed in standardized testing for the experimental method of rhythmic language training warrant further investigation for potential clinical applications.
Digitale Bildverarbeitung und Tiefe Neuronale Netze in der Augenheilkunde – aktuelle Trends
Authors: Bartschat Andreas , Allgeier Stephan , Bohn Sebastian , Scherr Tim , Blessing Denis , Reichert Klaus-Martin , Reischl Markus , Stachs Oliver , Koehler Bernd , Mikut Ralf 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Tiefen Neuronalen Netzen (Deep Learning) eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten in der digitalen Bildverarbeitung. Auch für die Auswertung von Bilddaten in der Ophthalmologie wird diese Methode erfolgreich eingesetzt und findet weite Verbreitung. In diesem Artikel wird die methodische Vorgehensweise beim Deep Learning betrachtet und der klassischen Vorgehensweise für die Entwicklung von Methoden für die digitale Bildverarbeitung gegenübergestellt. Dabei wird auf Unterschiede eingegangen und die wichtiger werdende Rolle von Trainingsdaten für die Modellbildung erklärt. Weiterhin wird die Vorgehensweise des Transfer-Lernens (Transfer Learning) für Deep Learning am Beispiel eines Datensatzes aus der kornealen Konfokalmikroskopie vorgestellt. Dabei wird auf die Vorteile der Methode und auf Besonderheiten beim Umgang mit medizinischen Mikroskopdaten eingegangen.