bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four new species of Isepeolini (Hymenoptera; Apidae) from northern Chile
Authors: Packer Laurence , Graham Liam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Cleptoparasitic bees are less commonly collected than their hosts and often more difficult to identify and additional descriptions and treatment of diagnostic characteristics are needed.

Results
Four new species of Isepeolini are described from northern Chile: Isepeolus mankalunthata Packer & Graham, new species; Melectoides licancabur Packer & Graham, new species, M. desiccata Packer & Graham new species and M. glaucodontus Packer & Graham new species. Putative host information is provided where possible, comments on the habitats of these bees are made and additional records of the tribe from Chile are listed.

Conclusion
Using traps left out for weeks to months in areas where bees are sparse is proving a useful technique to catch rare and undescribed species.
Yeast strains with antagonist activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. and their phenotypic characterization
Authors: Navarro-Herrera Yulieth Y. , Ortíz-Moreno Martha L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractColletotrichum is the causal agent of anthracnose in passion fruit crops, generating economic yield losses. Antagonistic microorganisms represent highly efficient alternatives for chemical compounds in controlling the anthracnose disease. In this research, 8 yeast strains (M1-M8) were isolated, characterized and their antagonistic activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. were evaluated in vitro. The physiological assessments showed that potential antagonistic morphotypes (M2, M5 and M7) had optimal growth with distinct conditions: 3-5 pH, 30°C, 1-5% NaCl; and assimilated several carbon sources. These morphotypes exhibited low enzymatic activity on plant polymers. According to the physiological and inhibition tests, M2 appears to be a promising biocontrol agent against C. gloeosporioides. M2 was identified as the species Meyerozyma caribbica Kurtzman & M. Suzuki.
Cloacal swabs and alcohol bird specimens are good proxies for compositional analyses of gut microbial communities of Great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Bodawatta Kasun H. , Puzejova Katerina , Sam Katerina , Poulsen Michael , Jønsson Knud A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Comprehensive studies of wild bird microbiomes are often limited by difficulties of sample acquisition. However, widely used non-invasive cloacal swab methods and under-explored museum specimens preserved in alcohol provide promising avenues to increase our understanding of wild bird microbiomes, provided that they accurately portray natural microbial community compositions. To investigate this assertion, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of Great tit (Parus major) gut microbiomes to compare 1) microbial communities obtained from dissected digestive tract regions and cloacal swabs, and 2) microbial communities obtained from freshly dissected gut regions and from samples preserved in alcohol for 2 weeks or 2 months, respectively.

Results
We found no significant differences in alpha diversities in communities of different gut regions and cloacal swabs (except in OTU richness between the dissected cloacal region and the cloacal swabs), or between fresh and alcohol preserved samples. However, we did find significant differences in beta diversity and community composition of cloacal swab samples compared to different gut regions. Despite these community-level differences, swab samples qualitatively captured the majority of the bacterial diversity throughout the gut better than any single compartment. Bacterial community compositions of alcohol-preserved specimens did not differ significantly from freshly dissected samples, although some low-abundant taxa were lost in the alcohol preserved specimens.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that cloacal swabs, similar to non-invasive fecal sampling, qualitatively depict the gut microbiota composition without having to collect birds to extract the full digestive tract. The satisfactory depiction of gut microbial communities in alcohol preserved samples opens up for the possibility of using an enormous resource readily available through museum collections to characterize bird gut microbiomes. The use of extensive museum specimen collections of birds for microbial gut analyses would allow for investigations of temporal patterns of wild bird gut microbiomes, including the potential effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Overall, the utilization of cloacal swabs and museum alcohol specimens can positively impact bird gut microbiome research to help increase our understanding of the role and evolution of wild bird hosts and gut microbial communities.
Emergency workers’ experiences of the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983: interpretative phenomenological investigation
Authors: Genziani Mirella , Gillard Steve , Samuels Lana , Chambers Mary 
Published: March 2020

Aims and methodTo explore the experiences of emergency workers dealing with incidents in which section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is invoked by the police. Data from interviews with police officers and ambulance workers in a London locality were subject to interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsParticipants felt they were the first port of call and that training should be improved to help them deal with those experiencing mental health crises in the community. Police participants noted time pressures trying to gain individuals’ trust and described section 136 detention as sometimes feeling like a betrayal of the individual. Most participants had negative experiences of admissions to the 136 suite; several suggested ways of improving the admissions system. Several went beyond their expected duties to ensure that distressed individuals were supported before accessing mental healthcare services.Clinical implicationsImproving training of emergency workers in dealing with mental health crises would also help with aftercare decision-making. Learning identified from the participants’ experiences lends support to collaboration between emergency and mental health services, an important step towards improving the section 136 process so that detainees can access help without unnecessary delay.
Circulating IGF-1 Independently Predicts Blood Pressure in Children With Higher Calcium-Phosphorus Product Levels
Authors: Xargay-Torrent Sílvia , Dorado-Ceballos Estefanía , Benavides-Boixader Anna , Lizárraga-Mollinedo Esther , Mas-Parés Berta , Montesinos-Costa Mercè , De Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes , Bassols Judit , López-Bermejo Abel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the association between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and blood pressure in children, in particular, the potential interaction with the serum calcium-phosphorus product (Ca*P).

Methods
A longitudinal study included 521 children (age 8.8 ± 0.1) from northeastern Spain, of whom 158 were followed-up after 5 years. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and serum calcium and phosphorus were measured at baseline. Anthropometric (body-mass index [BMI] and waist) and cardiometabolic variables (systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure), pulse pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, and triglycerides) were assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlations followed by multivariable linear regression analyses.

Results
Baseline IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio positively correlated with baseline and follow-up BMI, waist, SBP, pulse pressure, insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides (r 0.138-0.603; all P &lt; 0.05). The associations with SBP were stronger with increasing Ca*P (r 0.261-0.625 for IGF-1; and r 0.174-0.583 for IGF-1/IGFBP-3). After adjusting for confounding variables, baseline IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 remained independently associated with both baseline and follow-up SBP in children in the highest Ca*P tertile (β = 0.245-0.381; P &lt; 0.01; model R2 = 0.246-0.566).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that IGF-1 in childhood is an independent predictor of SBP in apparently healthy children, especially in those with high Ca*P levels.
Hur ser tysk L2-produktion ut hos svenska, kinesiska och vitryska avancerade inlärare?
Authors: Rosén Christina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates first language (L1) influence on the acquisition of syntax and discourse pragmatics in a second language (L2) in essays written by advanced learners of German from Sweden, China and Belarus (the KobaltDaF Corpus). The control corpus consists of essays written by native German speakers. The study focuses on the clause-initial preverbal position of V2 declaratives, the so-called prefield (Vorfeld) and the Vor-Vorfeld. The results show that the language-specific information structural patterns that exist in the L1 have an impact on the L2. The forms and frequencies of prefield constituent types differ substantially from the target language, indicating transfer in a domain other than pure syntax. The learners start their sentences in a nonnative way. Even though Swedish and German are closely related languages, the results show, contrary to what is expected, that Chinese learners produce patterns that are more targetlike. In addition, implications of these findings for language teaching are discussed.
Beryllium-associated diseases from a chemist’s point of view
Authors: Buchner Magnus R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Beryllium has long been considered the most toxic non-radioactive element to humans. However, it is shown that the acute toxicity of beryllium ions does not exceed that of other toxic cations like Cd2+, Ba2+, Hg2+ or As3+. The physiological mechanisms liable for the development of beryllium-associated diseases are discussed. Additionally an overview over proposed low-molecular model system for the beryllium species responsible for beryllioses is presented.
Evaluating Premixing Effects on the Rheological Properties of the Polymeric Bitumen Containing Paraffin Wax and Nanoclay
Authors: Shabani Shahin , Mortezaei Mojtaba 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effects of various polymeric additives and nanoparticles on bitumen have been widely studied. In some cases, although additives improved the bitumen properties, the specimen preparation conditions were very difficult and sometimes it was only possible at a laboratory scale. Therefore, effort has been made in this research to simplify the process and modifying mixture through making changes in the specimen preparation process. Research has shown that using styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer and nanoclay in bitumen improves its properties, and it can be said that they nicely overlap each other to complement their weak points. The main hypothesis of this research is that by using a premixing method to prepare a mixture of additives with an internal mixer, the distance between plates of nanoclay will increase, which can reduce the steps and time of adding materials to bitumen in the high shear mixer. Moreover, using this method not only facilitates the specimen preparation but also enhances the rheological properties and the way the materials are dispersed in the bitumen. The properties of the specimens prepared by two methods (premixing and conventional) were studied and compared using classical tests (penetration, softening point, and ductility) and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) by a dynamic shear rheometer. The results showed that using premixing at a mixing round per minute (rpm) similar to that of the conventional method will improve the bitumen properties, and if rpm is reduced, properties similar to those of ordinary conditions will be achieved and less bitumen aging will occur. In the MSCR test, neat and S-neat specimens do not fall within the MSCR classification range, which is an indication that pure bitumen characteristics are not sufficient to withstand rutting. In general, it was shown that a change in the bitumen modification method had effects on both modification process simplification and the study of performance results. Moreover, further studies on simplifying the mixing process would be helpful for obtaining bitumen with higher performance.
Reduced TUBA1A Tubulin Causes Defects in Trafficking and Impaired Adult Motor Behavior
Authors: Buscaglia Georgia , Northington Kyle R. , Moore Jeffrey K. , Bates Emily Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNewly born neurons express high levels of TUBA1A α-tubulin to assemble microtubules for neurite extension and to provide tracks for intracellular transport. In the adult brain,Tuba1aexpression decreases dramatically. A mouse that harbors a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding TUBA1A (Tuba1aND/+) allows us to ask whether TUBA1A is important for the function of mature neurons. α-Tubulin levels are about half of wild type in juvenileTuba1aND/+brains, but are close to normal in older animals. In postnatal day (P)0 cultured neurons, reduced TUBA1A allows for assembly of less microtubules in axons resulting in more pausing during organelle trafficking. WhileTuba1aND/+mouse behavior is indistinguishable from wild-type siblings at weaning,Tuba1aND/+mice develop adult-onset ataxia. Neurons important for motor function inTuba1aND/+remain indistinguishable from wild-type with respect to morphology and number and display no evidence of axon degeneration.Tuba1aND/+neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses are the same size as wild-type before the onset of ataxia, but are reduced in size in older animals. Together, these data indicate that the TUBA1A-rich microtubule tracks that are assembled during development are essential for mature neuron function and maintenance of synapses over time.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal association in Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) in mangroves from Yucatán, México
Authors: Ramírez-Viga Thai Khan , Ramos-Zapata José Alberto , Cáceres G.-Cantón Cristobal , Hernández-Cuevas Laura , Guadarrama-Chávez Patricia 
Published: March 2020

Background: Soil flooding and salinity can be limiting for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yet they are found in mangrove ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal association could influence the functioning of mangrove ecosystems, but little is known about its roll and balance in these dynamic systems.
Question: What is the status of the arbuscular mycorrhizal association in C. erectus under natural conditions?
Species study: Conocarpus erectus is a tree or shrub species that establishes in mangrove ecosystems and is tolerant to elevated levels of salinity and flooding.
Study site and dates: Three zones representing a range of conditions of salinity were selected in the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, as well as two contrasting collecting seasons in 2009 and 2010: northwind season and drought season.
Methods: Roots were sampled from C. erectus plants in each zone to evaluate the percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and rhizospheric soil samples were taken to evaluate AMF spore density and species richness.
Results: The highest percentage of root colonization was recorded in the site of highest salinity during the northwind season, with this value decreasing in the drought season. The same seasonal pattern was observed in spore density. The highest richness was recorded in the site of lowest salinity in both seasons. A total of 16 AMF species were identified.
Conclusions: The results suggest that seasonality, in its relation with soil salinity and soil water availability, can influence the development and symbiotic association of the AMF in mangrove associated communities dominated by C. erectus .
A clinical study of secondary glaucoma
Authors: Ramanarao Suresh , Jain Divya 
Published: March 2020

Secondary Glaucoma is a group of disorders in which raised intraocular pressure is associated with some primary ocular or systemic cause. This prospective study aims to evaluate the various commonly seen causes of secondary glaucoma. A total of 50 patients with raised intraocular pressure coming to a teaching hospital during a period of three years were studied. Patients with primary glaucoma were excluded from this study. Clinical evaluation was done in all the cases and the visual acuity, intraocular pressure and the optic nerve head changes were recorded. The various age groups and the gender distribution were noted. Also history of diabetes, hypertension and trauma was specifically asked for. Out of 50 patients, a total of 29 (58%) patients were above 60 years of age. Predominantly 28 (56%) were male patients. Visual acuity was less than 3/60 in 34 (68%) of all patients. The mean intraocular pressure recording was 34 mm of Hg, within a range of 21 to 46 mm of Hg. Only 23 (46%) patients showed optic neuropathy. The most common causes were lens induced glaucoma seen in 24 (48%) cases and next 14% each seen in neovascular glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Diabetes and/or Hypertension were present in 8 (16%) patients. This study identifies ocular factors like cataracts in lens induced glaucoma, age factor in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and systemic factors like diabetes and/or hypertension in neovascular glaucoma, and also emphasizes that the prompt detection of these causes can prevent severe visual impairment.
Comparison between fibrin glue and polyglactin sutures in limbal based conjunctival autograft technique in primary pterygium surgery in adults- A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chandra Sarkar Kumaresh , Sarkar Piyali , Mondal Sujit , Nath Saha Rabindra 
Published: March 2020

Pterygium is a slow growing, wing shaped, elastoticsubconjunctival degeneration within the palpebral fissure involving the cornea. As it encroaches the limbus, it proliferates as vascularised granulation tissue destroying the superficial stroma and Bowman’s membrane and is characterized by tissue remodelling, cellular proliferation, neovascularisation and inflammation. To compare between fibrin glue and polyglactin sutures in limbal based conjunctival autograft technique in primary pterygium surgery in terms of duration of surgery and early and late post-operative complications. It was a prospective comparative, randomized controlled trial which was conducted at North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, from July 2016 to June 2017. Patients with progressive pterygium diagnosed after proper clinical examinations and admitted for excision with conjunctival autograft attached with fibrin glue or for excision with conjunctival autograft sutured with 8-0 polyglactin. Data were collected and analysed. 52 patients were randomly and equally divided into two groups, group A (fibrin glue) and group B (sutured with polyglactin) according to the type of surgery. In both the groups, there was female preponderance and the average age of the patients were 45.15 (±5.576) and 40.65 (±8.299) years respectively. Regarding the post-operative complications such as graft oedema (p= 0.002, χ2 =10.035, df = 1), graft granuloma (p =.037, χ2 = 4.333, df = 1) and recurrence (p = 0.638, χ2 = 0.221, df = 1), the group A had less incidence than group B. The reduction of complications was statistically significant in group A in terms of graft oedema and graft granuloma but not in recurrence.
Color vision abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: H V Pooja , Venkate Gowda H T , Raghavendraswamy  
Published: March 2020

To assess color vision abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and associated risk factors. A prospective study was conducted for 3 months. Patients who is a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to our OPD were included in our study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination which included visual acuity, color vision assessment using Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara chart, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, IOP and fundoscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software SPSS for Windows, ver. 16.0. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation if the variables were continuous and as percentages if categorical. The prevalence of color vision abnormalities among diabetics and associated risk factors was assessed. Various studies have been done to know the color vision abnormalities. We evaluated on the associated risk factors as well.
A study on evaluation of acrysof toric intraocular lens implantation to correct pre-existing corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery- At a tertiary care hospital
Authors: V Padmavathi 
Published: March 2020

The current study evaluates the results of acrysof toric intraocular lens implantation to correct pre-existing corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This study was done on Prospective interventional at Osmania Medical College, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad. The sample of the study is included 40 eyes of 38 consecutive patients with 1.5 D or more of pre-existing astigmatism consists of cataract surgery with toric open-loop IOL implantation (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA). The pre-operative markings for the position of incisions and IOL placement were being done under the slit lamp. The visual acuity, residual keratometric and refractive cylinders, and toric IOL axis were being measured. 54.71 years was the mean age of the patients. All the 40 eyes at the final check-up had post-operative unaided visual acuity of 6/12 or better. 10 patients (25 %) had an unaided visual acuity of 6/6.37 eyes (92.5%) had best corrected post-operative visual acuity of 6/9 or better. The mean pre-operative refractive astigmatism in 40 eyes was 2.34D. 22 eyes had the Refractive astigmatism of &#62;2D. No eyes had refractive astigmatism of &#60;1.5D. The mean axial length was 24.22mmOut of 40 eyes in which Toric IOL was implanted, the post-operative residual refractive sphere was seen in 4 eyes. Out of 40 eyes in whom Toric IOL was implanted, a post-operative residual refractive cylinder was seen in 30 eyes. 10 patients had No post-operative refractive cylinder. The mean post-operative residual refractive cylinder was 0.58D. The mean Post-operative Keratometric cylinder was 2.24D. The mean post-operative Keratometric cylinder was 2.34D. In comparison, both pre-operative and post-operative keratometric astigmatism, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between them.The misalignment of Toric IOL was 10 degrees or less in 36 patients (94.73%) and less than 5 degrees in 22 patients (57.89%). Misalignment of &#62;10 degrees (11 degrees and 13 degrees) was seen in 2 patients. The mean IOL rotation among 38 patients was 4.55 degrees (Range 0-13 degrees, SD 3.43). None of the eyes required repositioning. The results of this study show that implantation of AcrysofTor ic IOL is a good surgical method to evaluate pre-existing corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery. Acrysoftoric IOL has shown good rotational stability.