bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Certain risk factors for patients with desmoid tumors warrant reconsideration of local therapy strategies
Authors: Bishop Andrew J. , Landry Jace P. , Roland Christina L. , Ratan Ravin , Feig Barry W. , Moon Bryan S. , Zarzour Maria A. , Wang Wei‐Lien , Lazar Alexander J. , Lewis Valerae O. , Torres Keila E. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes for patients with desmoid tumors (DTs) receiving local therapy with surgery alone, radiation therapy (RT) alone, or combined modality therapy (RT and surgery).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional cohort study of 412 patients with nonmesenteric DTs who received local therapy at the authors' institution between 1965 and 2018.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 95 months (range, 1‐509 months). Local recurrence occurred in 127 patients (31%) at a median time of 21 months (interquartile range, 12‐38 months). The 5‐year local control (LC) rate was 67%. Patient or tumor factors that were significantly associated with poorer 5‐year LC in a multivariable analysis included an age ≤ 30 years (57% vs 75% for an age > 30 years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; P = .004), an extremity location (57% vs 71% for a nonextremity location; HR, 1.77; P = .004), and large tumors (59% for >10 cm [HR, 2.17; P = .004] and 65% for 5.1‐10 cm [HR, 1.71; P = .02] vs 76% for ≤5 cm). Subset analyses of these high‐risk patients revealed no local therapy strategy to be superior for young patients ≤ 30 years old (HR for surgery, 1.42; P = .33; HR for RT, 1.36; P = .38) or for large tumors > 10 cm (HR for surgery, 1.55; P = .46; HR for RT, 0.91; P = .91). However, for patients with extremity tumors, surgery alone was significantly associated with inferior LC (HR for surgery, 5.15; P < .001; HR for RT, 1.51; P = .38).ConclusionsLocal therapy provides durable tumor control in the majority of patients with DTs. However, young patients, patients with an extremity location, and patients with large tumors are at increased risk of recurrence. When active treatment is indicated, systemic therapy should perhaps be considered as a first‐line option in these high‐risk subsets. Prospective multi‐institutional studies evaluating this strategy are warranted.
Lane marking detection algorithm based on high‐precision map and multisensor fusion
Authors: Yao Haichang , Chen Chen , Liu Shangdong , Li Kui , Ji Yimu , Huang Guangyan , Wang Ruchuan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn case of sharp road illumination changes, bad weather such as rain, snow or fog, wear or missing of the lane marking, the reflective water stain on the road surface, the shadow obstruction of the tree, and mixed lane markings and other signs, missing detection or wrong detection will occur for the traditional lane marking detection algorithm. In this manuscript, a lane marking detection algorithm based on high‐precision map and multisensor fusion is proposed. The basic principle of the algorithm is to use the centimeter‐level high‐precision positioning combined with high‐precision map data to complete the detection of lane markings. In the process of generating high‐precision maps or in the uncovered areas of high‐precision maps, LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) is used to estimate the curvature of the road to assist in lane marking detection. The experimental results show that the algorithm has lower false detection rate in case of bad road conditions, and the algorithm is robust.
Predicting boundary violation propensity among mental health professionals
Authors: Dickeson Edward , Roberts Rachel , Smout Matthew F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite its clear importance, there have been very few empirical investigations of boundary violation propensity among mental health professionals. The present study explored the relationships between self‐reported propensity for boundary violations and predictors theorized to increase their likelihood. Australian mental health professionals (N = 275) completed an online questionnaire battery including demographics, the Sexual Boundary Violation Index, Boundaries In Practice Scale, Boundary Violations Propensity Questionnaire, Marlow–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Circumplex of Interpersonal Problems, Brief Inventory of Pathological Narcissism, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Brief Version, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Regression analysis was used to identify unique predictors. Boundary violation propensity was associated with nurturant interpersonal styles in females and dominant interpersonal styles in males. In regression analysis, unique predictors for male boundary violation propensity were grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, self‐centred interpersonal traits, and low levels of empathic concern. For females, unique predictors were impulsivity, childhood adversity, self‐sacrificing interpersonal traits, and vulnerable narcissism. In addition to informing theory about those at risk of perpetrating boundary violations, the identified predictors can inform those involved in selection for training programmes and staff appointments and serve as markers for providing closer supervision.
Soil organic carbon in drylands: shrub encroachment and vegetation management effects dwarf those of livestock grazing
Authors: Throop Heather L. , Archer Steven R. , McClaran Mitchel P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDryland ecosystems occur worldwide and play a prominent, but potentially shifting, role in global biogeochemical cycling. Widespread woody plant proliferation, often associated with declines in palatable grasses, has jeopardized livestock production in drylands and prompted attempts to reduce woody cover by chemical or mechanical means. Woody encroachment also has the potential to significantly alter terrestrial carbon storage. However, little is known of the long‐term biogeochemical consequences of woody encroachment in the broader context of its interaction with common dryland land uses, including “brush management” (woody plant clearing) and livestock grazing. Present assessments exhibit considerable variation in the consequences of these land use/land cover changes, with evidence that brush management may counteract sizeable impacts of shrub encroachment on soil biogeochemical pools. A challenge to assessing the net effects of brush management in shrub‐encroached grasslands on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) pools is that land management practices are typically considered in isolation, when they are co‐occurring phenomena. Furthermore, few studies have assessed spatial patterns in brush management and how these are affected in decades following treatment on sites with contrasting grazing histories. To address these uncertainties and interactions, we quantified the impacts of shrub encroachment and their subsequent mortality resulting from brush management (herbicide application) on SOC and N pools in a Sonoran Desert grassland where long‐term grazing manipulations (>100 yr) co‐occur with shrub encroachment and brush management. Pools of SOC and N associated with herbicided shrubs declined markedly over ~40 yr, offsetting 66% of the increases from shrub encroachment. However, spatial patterns in SOC induced by shrubs persisted over the decades following brush management. Century‐long protection from grazing did little to change SOC and N pools. Accordingly, shrub encroachment and shrub mortality from brush management each far outweighed livestock grazing impacts. Consideration of the patterns of SOC and N through space (e.g., bole‐to‐dripline gradients), time (e.g., shrub age/size), land use (e.g., livestock grazing and brush management), and their interactions will position us to improve predictions of SOC and N responses to land use/land cover change, inform C‐based management decisions, and objectively evaluate trade‐offs with other ecosystem services.
The biggest bang for the buck: cost‐effective vegetation treatment outcomes across drylands of the western United States
Authors: Munson Seth M. , Yackulic Ethan O. , Bair Lucas S. , Copeland Stella M. , Gunnell Kevin L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRestoration and rehabilitation are globally implemented to improve ecosystem condition but often without tracking treatment expenditures relative to ecological outcomes. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of widely conducted woody plant and herbaceous invasive plant removals and seeding treatments in drylands of the western United States from 2004 to 2018 to determine how land managers can optimize efforts. Woody plant cover decreased at a similar rate per dollar spent regardless of vegetation removal type, and the dominant invasive species was reduced by herbicide application. Relatively inexpensive herbicide application also had a large positive effect on seeded perennial grass cover that was enhanced by additional cost; while expensive woody mastication treatments had little effect regardless of additional cost. High seed cost was driven by including a large proportion of native species in seed mixes, and combined with high seeding cost, promoted a short‐term (2–3 yr) gain in perennial forb cover and species richness. In contrast, seeding and seed mix cost had no bearing on seeded perennial grass cover, in part, because relatively cheap nonnative seeded species rapidly increased in cover. Our results suggest the differential benefits of commonly implemented treatments aimed at reducing wildfire risk, improving wildlife habitat and forage, and reducing erosion. Given the growing need and cost of restoration and rehabilitation, we raise the importance of specifying treatment budgets and objectives, coupled with effectiveness monitoring, to improve future outcomes.
Exceptional rate capability from carbon‐encapsulated polyaniline supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Stott Ash , Tas Mehmet O. , Matsubara Elaine Y. , Masteghin Mateus G. , Rosolen Jose M. , Sporea Radu A. , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: April 2020

A high‐rate capability carbon‐encapsulated polyaniline (PANI) composite is fabricated by a novel electrodeposition method of polyaniline on a carbon nanotube (CNT) forest, grown on carbon paper. This is followed by coating of an amorphous carbon layer via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of glucose, forming a three‐layer structure. We demonstrate that a slow scan rate, voltage‐restricted electrodeposition process can be used to produce a uniform PANI coating on individual CNTs throughout the network. The CNT forest structure offers excellent electronic and structural connection for the PANI nanofiber network, while the coating of amorphous carbon reduces electrode resistance, promoting enhanced electrochemical performance and reinforced structural stability during charging and discharging. The as‐prepared CNT/PANI/HTC composite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 571 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and 557 F g−1 at 100 A g−1,whilst demonstrating a record rate capability of 98% capacitance retention, when the current density is increased 100‐fold. This advanced rate performance indicates that a slow electrodeposition process produces an electrochemically stable three‐layer composite with enhanced diffusion kinetics. Hence, the method developed in this work establishes further control on the electrochemical deposition of energy storage materials, for high‐rate capability.
The role of experimentation in water management under climate uncertainty: Institutional barriers to social learning
Authors: Ananda Jayanath , McFarlane Don , Loh Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent water governance systems and processes are often insufficient to deal with the challenge of climate uncertainty. Adapting to climate uncertainty requires trialing out new experiments in water governance and establishing processes to learn from those experiments. Social learning is regarded as an important aspect that supports the transformation of water governance systems. Understanding where and how social learning is occurring is critical to improving adaptation outcomes of water management in an uncertain climate. Yet, there is little research asserting the scope of social learning processes in a wide variety of empirical contexts. This article examines social learning in water management in Western Australia. Two specific case studies involving the state‐of‐the‐art experiments in surface and groundwater management are used to illustrate and to understand the institutional dynamics and barriers of social learning. The cases depict single‐loop learning to a larger extent and double‐loop learning to a lesser extent. The findings emphasize the importance of dealing with learning externalities, the mismatch of ecological and administrative scales, and facilitating actor networks and multilevel interaction in order to embed social learning in climate adaptation. Water governance reforms should facilitate institutional configurations that enhance social learning opportunities.
Numerical investigation of mixed layer effect on permeability in a dynamic blast furnace
Authors: E Dianyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGas flow distribution in a blast furnace (BF) plays a significant role in BF smooth operation, productivity, and thermal efficiency. It is affected by the distribution of burden materials composed of alternating coke and ferrous ore layers. While moving downward coke and ferrous layers of different sizes can mix and form the so‐called mixed layers. Generally, the porosity is lower and hence the pressure drop is higher in the mixed layers. These variations can change the gas flow distribution and BF performance. Previous work tried to quantify the effect of material properties and process conditions on the formation of mixed layers and the resulting local porosity variation. However, these studies were often conducted under simplified conditions. Few were dedicated to the formation of mixed layers in a BF and its effect on BF performance. This work studies the formation of mixed layers in an experimental BF by using a combined computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method approach. The effect on BF performance was evaluated under different operational conditions including different size ratios of coke to iron ore particles, burden distribution, batch weight, and discharge rate. The results obtained were helpful to optimize burden charge for improving BF performance.
The influence of lithology on channel geometry and bed sediment organization in mountainous hillslope‐coupled streams
Authors: Fratkin Michael Mulugetta , Segura Catalina , Bywater‐Reyes Sharon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSediment transport and channel morphology in mountainous hillslope‐coupled streams reflect a mixture of hillslope and channel processes. However, the influence of lithology on channel form and adjustment and sediment transport remains poorly understood. Patterns of channel form, grain size, and transport capacity were investigated in two gravel‐bed streams with contrasting lithology (basalt and sandstone) in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in a region in which widespread landslides and debris flows occurred in 1996. This information was used to evaluate threshold channel conditions and channel bed adjustment since 1996. Channel geometry, slope, and valley width were measured or extracted from LiDAR and sediment textures were measured in the surface and subsurface. Similar coarsening patterns in the first few kilometres of both streams indicated strong hillslope influences, but subsequent downstream fining was lithology‐dependent. Despite these differences, surface grain size was strongly related to shear stress, such that the ratio of available to critical shear stress for motion of the median surface grain size at bankfull stage was around one over most of the surveyed lengths. This indicated hydraulic sorting of supplied sediment, independent of lithology. We infer a cycle of adjustment to sediment delivered during the 1996 flooding, from threshold conditions, to non‐alluvial characteristics, to threshold conditions in both basins. The sandstone basin can also experience complete depletion of the gravel‐size alluvium to sand size, leading to bedrock exposure because of high diminution rates. Although debris flows being more frequent in a basalt basin, this system will likely display threshold‐like characteristics over a longer period, indicating that the lithologic control on channel adjustment is driven by differences in rock competence that control grain size and available gravel for bed load transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for early malware detection
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Kumar Singh Sanjay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly classification of time series is valuable in many real‐world applications such as early disease prediction, early disaster prediction, and patient monitoring where data are generated over time. The main objective of early classification is to provide a reliable class prediction earliest in time. In general, whenever the early prediction time improves, the prediction accuracy decreases. Thus, the trade‐off between earliness and accuracy needs to be addressed. In this article, we proposed an optimization‐based early classification model for time series data using early stopping rules (ESRs) and a series of probabilistic classifiers. ESRs are developed through particle swarm optimization by minimizing the well‐defined cost function that considers the missclassification cost and delaying decision cost simultaneously. The experimental results on 30 standard datasets demonstrate good performance for early classification in comparison to state of the art methods. Also, the proposed model is tested for early malware detection on a real dataset and shows decent performance by balancing the accuracy and earliness.
Precision agriculture and farming using Internet of Things based on wireless sensor network
Authors: Sanjeevi P. , Prasanna S. , Siva Kumar B. , Gunasekaran G. , Alagiri I. , Vijay Anand R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the recent past, the agriculture and farming industry has become the precision network connectivity of sensors with a new dimension of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The cloud computing and wireless sensor network‐ (WSN) based extensive distance network in IoT can be applied to the agriculture and farming industry in a remote area. In this paper, we propose scalable wireless sensor network architecture for monitoring and control using IoT for agriculture and farming in a remote area. One of the significant managements in precision agriculture and farming (PAF) is water resource irrigation and proper utilization of water resources. Appropriate utilization of water irrigation management can be achieved by applying WSN technology using IoT. The efficient communication of various wireless sensors is processed using IoT in PAF to improve the productivity of farmers. We have analyzed the WSN structure based on throughput maximization, latency minimization, high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), minimum mean square error, and improved coverage area. The experimental results have proved that the proposed methodology provides better performance than conventional IoT‐based agriculture and farming.
Oral radiation‐induced sarcomas: Systematic review
Authors: de Souza Lucas L. , Pontes Hélder A. R. , Santos‐Silva Alan R. , Fernandes Lais A. , Batista Luana A. L. , Lopes Márcio A. , Khan Waqas , Pontes Flávia S. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to integrate the available data published on radiation‐induced sarcoma of the oral cavity into an analysis of its clinical features, treatment modalities and prognostic factors.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in September 2019. The eligibility criteria included publications that had enough clinical and histological information to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsForty‐two publications with 122 radiation‐induced sarcoma of the oral cavities (RISOCs) were included. The mean latency period was 114 months and mean radiation total dose was 62.5 Gy. The tumors were more prevalent in males between 50 and 60 years old and the mandible was the most affected site. Osteosarcoma was the most prevalent histological type and patients were mostly treated with radical surgery.ConclusionsRISOC showed a poor survival rate of 15.1% in 5‐year follow‐up. Gender and histological type were independently associated with survival.
Discharge and entrepreneurship in the preventive restructuring directive
Authors: Arias Varona F. Javier , Niemi Johanna , Hupli Tuomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe European Council adopted the Preventive Restructuring Directive (2019/1023/EU) on June 20, 2019, which must be transposed by July 17, 2021, subject to a possible extension of a maximum of 1 year for countries encountering particular difficulties in the implementation. The Directive signals a paradigm shift in EU policy on insolvency from the traditional focus on cross‐border issues. The new Directive puts insolvency squarely at the heart of internal market regulation, following the EU's policy since the Great Recession of 2008 of promoting and strengthening the economy. Since 2016, the European Commission has issued several documents to facilitate insolvency procedures, leading to the recently adopted Preventive Restructuring Directive. Besides restructuring, the Directive promotes the discharge of pre‐insolvency debt for entrepreneurs. The Directive does not require that discharge be extended to other natural persons but recommends it. This article discusses the relationship between entrepreneurs and non‐entrepreneurs in an insolvency situation and concludes that a fair interpretation of the new Directive requires that the situation of the ordinary person with liability for business debt be closely scrutinised.
Development of Multi‐Catalytic Strategies Based on the Combination between Iron‐/Copper‐ and Organo‐Catalysis
Authors: Quintard Adrien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the latest advances in catalysts efficiency, using one single catalytic activation mode can lead to considerable limitations. To overcome reactivity or selectivity issues, multi‐catalytic combinations can represent interesting alternatives. This manuscript reviews the recent transformations developed in my group through the combination between cheap iron or copper complexes and organo‐catalysis. Combining these activation modes enables considerable synthetic economies inconceivable by using one single catalyst. The strategies developed to combine efficiently different catalysts as well as the resulting synthetic applications are discussed.
MiR‐3613‐3p from carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts exosomes promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating SOCS2 expression
Authors: Liu Yonglei , Yang Yanfei , Du Junxian , Lin Dong , Li Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExosomes carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate cell‐to‐cell communication, which play important roles in cancer growth and progression. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the miRNAs in the exosomes from carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are still not clear. The miRNA array showed that miR‐3613‐3p was an upregulated miRNA in CAFs exosomes. It was verified that miR‐3613‐3p was upregulated in exosomes from fibroblasts educated by TGF‐β1 and the fibroblasts from breast cancer tissues. Exosomal miR‐3613‐3p promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The cellular functions showed that miR‐3613‐3p downregulation in the CAFs exosomes suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer by targeting SOCS2 expression. The clinical data showed that miR‐3613‐3p levels were negatively related to SOCS2 expression in breast cancer tissues. In a conclusion, the study demonstrated that activated fibroblasts exosomes with high levels of miR‐3613‐3p played an oncogenic role in breast cancer cell survival and metastasis, which suggested that miR‐3613‐3p function as a therapeutic target.