bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O 6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase and Glucose Transporter 2 in Foregut and Hindgut Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Yamazaki Yuto , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Izumi Komoto , Imamura Masayuki , Hijioka Susumu , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Kudo Atsushi , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Streptozocin (STZ) is used for treating both pancreatic (PanNET) and gastrointestinal (GI-NET) neuroendocrine tumors but its therapeutic efficacy is relatively low in GI-NETs. Therefore, it has become pivotal to select GI-NET patients who could benefit from STZ treatment. STZ is transported via the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) into the cells and the loss of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) also increases its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, GLUT2 high and MGMT low status could be the surrogate markers of STZ. Methods: In this study, we examined the MGMT and GLUT2 status in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). We studied 84 NEN cases: 33 foregut and 37 hindgut GI-NETs and 14 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (GI-NECs). Results: In GI-NETs, MGMT scores of ≥2 and ≥3 were 77% (54/70) and 56% (39/70), respectively, and GLUT2 scores of ≥4 and ≥6 were 30% (21/70) and 4.3% (3/70), respectively. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction revealed that MGMT promoter methylation was detected only in 2/14 GI-NECs but in none of GI-NETs. GLUT2 (GLUT2 score) and MGMT immunoreactivity (MGMT and H-scores) were both significantly correlated with Ki-67 labeling index (GLUT2 score: P = 0.0045, ρ = -0.4570; MGMT score: P = 0.0064, ρ = -0.4399; H-score: P = 0.0110, ρ = -0.4135) and MGMT immunoreactivity were both significantly correlated with GLUT2 immunoreactivity (MGMT score: P = 0.0198; H-score, P = 0.0004, ρ = 0.5483) in hindgut NETs, but not in foregut NETs. However, discrepancies from the above correlation between GLUT2 and MGMT immunoreactivity were detected in several GI-NET cases which could be potential candidates for STZ therapy. Conclusion: The evaluation of MGMT and GLUT2 status could provide an important information in planning STZ therapy in GI-NET patients.
Safety and Efficacy of the Non-Cessation Method of Antithrombotic Agents After Emergency Endoscopic Hemostasis in Patients with Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Multicenter Pilot Study
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Tominaga Naoyuki , Miyahara Koichi , Tsuruoka Nanae , Sakata Yasuhisa , Takeuchi Yuki , Matsunaga Takuya , Hidaka Hidenori , Akutagawa Takashi , Noda Takahiro , Ogata Shinichi , Tsunada Seiji , Esaki Motohiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims The present study aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of the non-cessation method of antithrombotic agents after emergency endoscopic hemostasis in Japanese patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Methods In this multicenter, prospective, pilot study, we performed emergency endoscopic hemostasis for non-variceal UGIB in patients taking antithrombotic agents and resumed the medications without a cessation period (group A). The clinical characteristics, types of antithrombotic agents, UGIB etiology, treatment outcome, and adverse events were evaluated. We used propensity score matching to compare treatment outcome and adverse events with our previous cohort (group B) in whom antithrombotic agents were transiently discontinued after emergency endoscopic hemostasis. Results Forty-three consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled. The main antithrombotic agents were low-dose aspirin and direct oral anticoagulants; 11 patients (25.6%) were taking multiple antithrombotics. Peptic ulcers were the main cause of bleeding (95.4%). Endoscopic hemostasis was successful in all patients and the incidence of rebleeding within a month was 7.0%. Propensity score matching created 40 matched pairs. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed by soft coagulation significantly more frequently in group A than group B (97.5% vs. 60.0%, P < 0.001). Neither the rebleeding rate within a month nor thromboembolic event rate was different between the two groups. However, the mean duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in group A than group B (8.6 ± 5.2 d vs. 14.4 ± 7.1 d, P < 0.001). Conclusions Antithrombotic agents possibly can be continued after successful emergency endoscopic hemostasis for non-variceal UGIB.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of coronal flaring nickel-titanium instruments
Authors: Weissheimer Theodoro , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Cortez Julia Barrionuevo , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Calefi Pedro Henrique Souza , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bending and torsional resistance of the following instruments: Mtwo 25.07, Navigator W-XN, ProTaper SX, MK Orifice Shapper and MK Sequence 17.12. Methods: One hundred instruments were used (n=20). Resistance to bending (n=10), torque and angular deflection (n=10) at the failure of new instruments were measured according to ISO 3630-1. The fractured surface of each fragment was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Results: Torsional resistance values of MK Sequence were higher than the other groups (P<.05). No differences were observed among Mtwo 25.07, W-XN and MK Orifice Shapper (P>.05) and ProTaper SX, which presented the lowest values (P<.05). Mtwo 25.07 showed the highest angular deflection (P<.05). W-XN and ProTaper SX presented no significant difference (P>.05). ProTaper SX and MK Orifice Shapper also showed no significant differences (P>.05). MK Sequence 17.12 instruments had the lowest angular deflection values (P<0.5). There were significant differences among all the groups in bending stiffness test (P<.05), but ProTaper SX had the lowest torque to bend (P<.05). MK Sequence 17.12 presented the larger cross-sectional area at 3mm from the tip. SEM analysis showed similar and typical features of torsional failure for all instruments tested.Conclusions: In conclusion MK Sequence 17.12 had the highest torsional fracture resistance. Mtwo 25.07 showed higher angular deflection capacity, and ProTaper SX the lower bending stiffness.
Biochemical Markers, Body Composition and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Amongst Geriatric Population in Al Madinah Al Munawarah: A Risk Assessment Study
Authors: Mohammedsaeed Wala M , SHIKIERI AHLAM Badreldin EL 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: to assess selected biochemical markers and body composition and their association with CVD risk amongst older adults in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.Results: Older adults had high glycated hemoglobin percent (women 7∙90±2∙95; men 8∙4±1∙64, P <0∙001), C-reactive protein (women 17∙1±5∙92; men 36∙1±7∙8, P <0∙003) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP; women 0∙21±0∙18; men 0∙22±0∙21, P <0∙04) with higher values amongst men compared to their counterparts. In addition, they suffered from hypoalbuminemia and low hemoglobin levels. Older adults were malnourished, either underweight (16%) or overweight and obese (35%). Based on their AIP, most of the participants had intermediate to high CVD risk. Multiple Linear Regression model with age as the dependent variable showed that the risk of CVD increased with higher BMI (women only: Odd ratio 6.99, 95% CI: 0.96-5.03, P <0.001), elevated triglycerides (women: Odd ratio 7.47, 95% CI: 0.16-3.17; men: Odd ratio: 6.55, 95% CI: 0.23-3.26, P <0.001), high C-reactive protein (Odd ratio 8.99, 95% CI: 0.99-6.00, P = 0.003; men: Odd ratio 4.00, 95% CI: 0.99-3.01, P < 0.002) and high AIP (women: Odd ratio 14.6, 95% CI: 0.0.56-16.18, P = 0.002; men: Odd ratio 7.35, 95% CI: 0.35-20.29, P < 0.001).
Oxandrolone Use Causes Dyslipidemia in Resistance-Training Practitioners
Authors: Greboggy Dênis de Lima , Pereira Ericson , Oliveira Tiago Franco de , Batista Thiago Beltrami Dias , Oliveira Sarah Eller Franco de , Birk Letícia , Barros Leonardo Cesar Santos de , Jesus Julia Souto de , Martins Pamela , Auler Flavia , Chaves Maria Heloisa Madruga , Werneck Renata Iani , Tiboni Fernanda , Barros Marlene Maria Tourais de , Rosa Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro , Santos Milena Fernandes dos , Parolin Salma Ali El Chab , Carneiro Everdan , Gama Yesudian Yamada da , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Brancher João Armando , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Several of young people and adults make use of anabolic-androgenic steroid (ASS), during resistance training. The purposes of this study were to compare blood and salivary parameters in male resistance training practitioners using oxandrolone with reference values, compare these with a control group in triplicate, and correlate salivary and blood parameters. Methods: In this prospective analytical observational study, blood, saliva, and urine were collected from 22 individuals (oxandrolone group, OG, n = 11 and control group, CG, n = 11), and these samples were analyzed at three time points: before oxandrolone consumption, at cessation of oxandrolone use, and three months after cessation of oxandrolone use. Complete blood count, lipid profile, metabolites, and enzymes were analyzed from blood samples. Salivary flow, pH, triglycerides, urea, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed from saliva. Urinalysis was used for toxicological screening. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square analysis, Friedman's ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation tests were performed, with significance p<0.05. Results: We found a lower blood HDL level for the oxandrolone group (24 mg/dL) compared with the reference value ​​(>40 mg/dL), as soon as its use ceased, and a return to normal HDL levels three months later (49 mg/dL, >40 mg/dL). We also found higher triglyceride level (177 mg/dL) in this group compared with the reference value (<175 mg/dL), three months after use. Conclusions: Although there were distinct differences between the groups and timepoints, these did not show clinical relevance, as they were within typical values. There was no correlation between blood and salivary parameters, but it is clear that oxandrolone causes changes in the lipid profile of users.
The Preoperative and the Postoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Both Predict Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Song Kyo Young 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Both the preoperative and postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been proposed to predict the long-term prognosis in some cancers, including gastric cancer. The present study investigated the prognostic impact of postoperative NLR, and its preoperative to postoperative changes, in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: From 2009 to 2012, 1,612 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. The optimal cut-off value for the postoperative 6-month NLR was 1.7, as determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Patients were categorized into low- and high-NLR groups based on their postoperative NLR. Four additional groups (low to low, low to high, high to low, and high to high groups) were defined based on the preoperative to postoperative change in the NLR.Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the low- and high-NLR group were 90.7% and 83.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). The differences in OS were significant in stage I and stage III gastric cancer patients. (P = 0.000 and 0.012, respectively). Postoperative NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.611; P = 0.005). The high to high NLR change was a significant predictor of OS (HR = 1.914; P = 0.001). Conclusions: High preoperative and postoperative NLRs, and especially the persistent elevation of preoperative to postoperative NLR, were significant prognostic factors for OS in patients with gastric cancer.
Bulk-up Synchronisation of Successive Larval Cohorts of Anopheles Gambiae Sensu Stricto and Anopheles Coluzzii Through Temperature Reduction at Early Larval Stages: Effect on Emergence Rates, Body Size and Mating Success
Authors: Zubair Qaswa , Matthews Holly , Sougoufara Seynabou , Mujeeb Fatima , Ashall Simon , Aboagye-Antwi Fred , Tripet Frédéric 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria persists as a huge medical and economic burden. Although the number of cases and death rates have reduced in recent years, novel interventions are a necessity if such gains are to be maintained. Alternative methods to target mosquito vector populations that involve the release of large numbers genetically modified mosquitoes are in development. However, their successful introduction will require innovative strategies to bulk-up mosquito numbers and improve mass rearing protocols for Anopheles mosquitoes.Methods: Here we aimed to exploit the relationship between mosquito aquatic stage development and temperature so that multiple cohorts of mosquitoes, from separate egg batches, could be synchronised for a ‘bulk-up’ of the number of mosquitoes released. First instar larvae were separated into two cohorts: the first, maintained under standard insectary conditions at 27oC, the second subjected to an initial 5-day cooling period at 19oC. Results: Cooling of 1st instars slowed the mean emergence times of An. coluzzii and An. gambiae by 2.4 and 3.5 days, respectively, compared to their 27oC counterparts. Pupation and emergence rates were good (> 85%) in all conditions. Temperature adjustment had no effect on mosquito sex ratio and adult fitness parameters such as body size and mating success were also comparable with the control cohort. Conclusions: Bulk-up larval synchronization is a simple method allowing more operational flexibility in mosquito production towards mark-release-recapture studies and mass release interventions.
Bionomics of Anopheles Arabiensis from Mamfene in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa): An Area of High Malaria Transmission in the Province
Authors: Maharaj Rajendra , Lakan Vishan , Maharaj Kiash 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Although great strides have been made in controlling malaria, the disease is of significant public health importance. Historically, efforts to control the vector has concentrated on adult vector control targeting the female Anopheles mosquitoes. As there is now a focus on eliminating residual malaria from KwaZulu-Natal, new strategies are being investigated to increase the impact of malaria elimination strategies. Greater attention is now being given to larval control, as a complementary measure to indoor residual spraying. However, there is a large gap in knowledge of the bionomics of the larval stages of this mosquito vector of malaria in South Africa. In order to focus on both larval and adult mosquito control methods, larval development and the reproductive stages of the vector were investigated since these variables influences our ability to impact mosquito populations through larval control. This study was therefore conducted to determine the peak eruption times and the emergent sex ratios, as well as the peak egg oviposition time in order to attack the mosquito when it is at its most vulnerable and when control interventions will have the most impact.Results: Oviposition studies showed two peaks corresponding with late evening and again just before dawn. Most eggs were also laid in the first half of the night (18h00 – midnight). Most mosquitoes erupted just after sunset and the sex ratios showed that twice as many females as males emerged. Females readily took a bloodmeal after oviposition or just after erupting. Hatch rate to viable first instar larvae was 74.5%.Conclusions: The results of this study have provided information as to when interventions would be most effective in controlling mosquito populations and have provided information that highlights the value of larval control as a complementary measure to adult mosquito control. The most vulnerable stages of the female Anopheles arabiensis are when they have just emerged or when they have just oviposited. Vector control strategies should be designed to target these vulnerable stages at the breeding sites in order to have maximum impact.
Expanded Circulating Follicular Dendritic Cells Facilitate Immune Responses in Chronic HBV Infection
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Zhang Qifan , Zhang Wanyue , Ye Guofu , Ma Yanchen , Wen Chunhua , Gu Shuqin , Tang Libo , Li Yongyin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Restoration of host hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific antiviral immunity is an effective strategy for hepatitis B recovery. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) play a crucial role in immune regulation. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and functions of FDCs in chronic HBV infection. Methods: The frequencies of FDCs in peripheral blood, liver, and spleen were measured in patients with chronic HBV infection. Isolated FDCs from splenic tissues of HBV-related liver cirrhosis-induced hypersplenism patients were cultured with autologous intrasplenic CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Results: We found that patients with chronic HBV infection had a significantly increased frequency of circulating FDCs compared with that of healthy controls. Additionally, the frequency of circulating FDCs was positively correlated with that of intrahepatic and intrasplenic counterparts. Moreover, a positive correlation between the frequency of circulating FDCs and plasmablast and memory B cells, as well as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)+CD4+ T cells and CXCR5+CD8+ T cells was also observed. Notably, in vitro experiments demonstrated that FDCs derived from splenic tissues of chronic HBV patients facilitated interferon-γ and interleukin-21 production from autologous intrasplenic CD4+ T cells and promoted the proliferation of autologous intrasplenic CD19+ B cells.Conclusions: Expanded FDCs in patients with chronic HBV infection may favor the host immune responses against HBV. The identification of this unique population may contribute to a better understanding of the immune regulatory mechanisms and provide a potential immunotherapeutic target in chronic HBV infection.
Change in Age Distribution of the Injuries and Comparison of Different Scoring Tools in Predicting Mortality Among Geriatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Jiang Libing , Zheng Zhongjun , Zhang Mao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the age trend of trauma patients and to compare different scoring tools to predict in-hospital mortality in elderly trauma patients.Methods: National Trauma Database (NTDB) in the United States from 2005 to 2015 and the Trauma Register DGU® in German from 1994 to 2012 was searched to describe age change of trauma patients. Then we secondly analyzed the data published in http://datadryad.org/. According to the in-hospital survival status, patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluated the value of ISS (injury severity score); NISS (new injury severity score), APACHE Ⅱ (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ), SPAS Ⅱ (simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ) and TRISS (Trauma and Injury Severity Score) in predicting in-hospital mortality among geriatric trauma patients.Results:The analysis of NTDB showed the percentage of geriatric trauma has increased from 0.18 to 0.30, 2005-2015. The analysis of DGU showed the mean age rose from 39.11 in 1993 to 51.10 in 2013, and the percentage of patients aged ≥60 rose from 16.5% to 37.5%. A total of 311 patients aged more than 65 years were secondly analyzed. One hundred and sixty-four (52.73%) patients died in the hospital. ISS, NISS, APACHE, and SAPS in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group, but TRISS in the death group was significantly lower than those in the survival group. The AUC of APACHE Ⅱ was 0.715, ISS was 0.807, NISS was 0.850, SPAS Ⅱ was 0.725, and TRISS was 0.828.Conclusion:The increasing number of trauma in the elderly is a challenge for current and future trauma management. Compared with APACHE and SAPS, ISS, NISS and TRISS are more suitable for predicting in-hospital mortality in elderly trauma patients.
Service Quality, Brand Image, Perceived Value, Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty in China’s Private Dental Clinics
Authors: LIN Wenyi , Yin Wanxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study seeks to explore the relationship of service quality, brand image, perceived value, service satisfaction and loyalty in China’s private dental clinics. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study, being conducted in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China in January 2019. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. A total of 230 residents were surveyed. Among them, 125 had received services in private dental clinics, being the valid sample of this study. A multiple regression model was run to explore factors influencing patient loyalty. Subsequently, the path analysis was used to understand the relationship of service quality, brand image, perceived value, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty. Results: After controlling for the effect of demographic and socio-economic variables, perceived value and patient satisfaction have significant influences on patient loyalty. The path analysis indicates the perceived value, perceived quality, and expected quality have direct effects on patient satisfaction, and have indirect effects on patient loyalty, with patient satisfaction as a mediator. Additionally, perceived value has a direct and indirect effect on patient satisfaction. Conclusion: This study helps managers in private dental clinics to gain support from customers through building customer loyalty towards dental clinics.
Right Apical-Posterior Segmentectomy with Abnormal Anterior Segmental Bronchus and Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Xining , Lin Gang , Li Jian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Displaced anterior segmental bronchus and pulmonary artery is extremely rare. A keen knowledge of such variations is required in the field of pulmonary segmentectomy, for unawareness of the structural variation could lead to intra- and postoperative complications. Case presentation: A 50-year-old female presented to our department with suspected lung adenocarcinoma. Preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomographic bronchography and angiography revealed anterior segmental bronchus and anterior segmental pulmonary artery variation: the anterior segmental bronchus derived from the middle lobe bronchus, accompanied by a distally distributed anterior segmental pulmonary artery branch. A right apical-posterior segmentectomy was performed successfully. Conclusions: The keen observation and proper application of modern imaging technology and operative technique could greatly aid segmentectomy, preventing intra- and postoperative complications from happening.