bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cogito et histoire du sujet : quelques remarques sur la biopolitique et la psychanalyse
Authors: Balzaretti Ugo 
Published: December 2019

La conférence que Georges Canguilhem donna au Collège philosophique de Jean Wahl en 1956, « Qu’est-ce que la psychologie ? », fut saluée par Jacques Lacan comme une défense de la psychanalyse contre les prétentions hégémoniques de la psychologie. La psychanalyse, dont la naissance est malgré tout comprise dans la généalogie esquissée par Canguilhem, est-elle toutefois vraiment à l’abri des critiques que celui-ci adresse à la psychologie ? Cette contribution analyse le rapport de la psychanalyse à l’instrumentalisme foncier de la psychologie sous trois aspects : la relation entre science et vérité, la réduction par Gassendi et la tradition aristotélique du niveau originaire et spéculatif du cogito cartésien à celui spéculaire de la connaissance physique de l’âme par soi-même, et le choix freudien et lacanien d’un être-pour-la-mort contre toute philosophie de la vie. À la lumière du scientisme de la psychanalyse et de son rapport constitutif au mythe et au sacré, que Lacan pas plus que Freud n’arrive à dépasser, un lien est enfin établi avec, d’une part, l’archéologie de la psychanalyse développée dans Naissance de la clinique et La volonté de savoir et, de l’autre, le privilège que Foucault accorde à la psychanalyse et à l’ethnologie parmi les sciences humaines dans Les mots et les choses.
La psychanalyse et la société de normalisation : Lacan versus Foucault
Authors: Pfauwadel Aurélie 
Published: December 2019

Foucault a noué ensemble, dans les années 1970, sa généalogie de la société de normalisation et ses généalogies, multiples, de la psychanalyse. Mais reste souvent méconnu le fait que Lacan lui-même a mis en rapport l’émergence de la psychanalyse avec l’extension croissante de la société de normalisation, comme une réaction à celle-ci, un peu avant la parution de La volonté de savoir (1976). La position de Lacan s’avère diamétralement opposée à celle de Foucault en ce qu’il considère la psychanalyse comme une pratique radicalement hors normes, et non comme un agent de normalisation. La question cruciale dont traite cet article est celle de la pertinence des généalogies foucaldiennes d’une part, et celle qui consiste à lui opposer une histoire de la psychanalyse crédible qui rendrait compte de sa spécificité et de son pouvoir de subversion d’autre part. Les outils d’une histoire de la psychanalyse fournis par Lacan présentent à divers titres un intérêt à ce sujet. Lacan élabore cette histoire depuis le champ de la psychanalyse et conformément à l’épistémologie psychanalytique, et au contraire de Foucault, il cherche à maintenir l’exigence de penser la psychanalyse dans sa spécificité relativement aux autres savoirs et pratiques.
La connaissance vitale de la vie : une parallaxe entre Canguilhem et Plessner
Authors: Ebke Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Cet article se donne pour but d’inaugurer un dialogue philosophique entre deux penseurs qui, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, n’avaient jamais été rapprochés l’un de l’autre. Il vise à comparer l’anthropologie philosophique de Helmuth Plessner (1892-1985) et l’épistémologie historique de Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) en croisant leurs perspectives selon une progression en trois actes : à partir du concept de la vie, à travers l’idée d’une connaissance de la vie, puis par la figure d’une connaissance vitale de la vie. Cette clé de lecture sert à rendre intelligible un vrai parallélisme entre deux projets philosophiques qui, du point de vue de leurs généalogies respectives, n’entretiennent aucun rapport entre eux. Or, ce qui émerge par le biais de cet article, c’est la fécondité des réflexions de Canguilhem et Plessner en matière d’une critique des sciences de la vie contemporaines, et aussi la façon dont ces deux approches se complètent et se renforcent l’une l’autre.
Human fatalities due to outdoor electrocution with animal traps
Authors: Senavirathne A. S. , Warushahennadi J. , Ambepitiya S. G. H. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:Trapping animals with live electric wires is a practice known to be used for protecting the crops from wild animals. Unauthorized cables which are connected to the distributing system of the electricity board are laid on agricultural lands to trap animals such as wild pigs and wild boars. The serious issue is associated with this practice is the accidental entrapment of humans to these traps resulting in injury and death. Methodology:This descriptive study analyzed the socio-demographic profile of the victims, injury patterns, determined the manner of death and the judgments given by the judiciary. Results: The study includes 14 deaths recovered from the agricultural fields with electrocution injuries on which the medico-legal autopsies were conducted by the researchers in two hospitals of the southern province. All the victims were males and the majority was in the 40-60 years. Electric entry marks were present in all on various parts of body. Injury varied due to different mechanisms like trapping, wrapping and griped with the cables. Majority of victims did not have any relationship with culprits. The live wire has been removed from the scene in 10 cases and the bodies were decomposed in 5 cases. Police identified culprits in 9 cases and those were filed in the Magistrate courts and the accused were bailed out. None of the cases directed to high courts. The manner of death was concluded as an accidental. Conclusion:It is important to implement the rules and regulations against the illegal practice of trapping of animals using high voltage electrocution.
Prevalence of co-existing dermatological manifestations in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Dinusha M. G. A. , Thushara H. K. G. I. , Rathnayaka R. M. U. K. , Sudusinghe P. W. M. , Wijenayake B. K. S. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Leishmaniasis is a vector borne protozoan infestation and manifested as cutaneous, visceral and muco-cutaneous lesions in human. Visceral form is the most virulent type and the annual incidence was 0.2-0.4 million cases around the world.1But, in Sri Lanka, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a newly established disease and is emerging as a threat to public health.2In Sri Lanka the condition is still not fully investigated nor well studied. Method The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of CL in the patients coming to the dermatology unit and clinic of the District General Hospital, Matara, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017. Results There were 129 participants subjected to Leishmanin Skin Test accompanied with direct interviews and physical examination. The most of participants were males (52.8%), 68.4% of them unskilled. The highest prevalent type was Non scaly nodule (45.0%). Most common site of lesion was arm (47.1%). Majority had a single lesion (76.7%). Co-existing skin manifestations of hypopigmentation (36.9%) was the commonest. In (63.6%), co-existing skin lesions involved only less than 2% of body surface area. The hypopigmentation was significantly associated with Age, Sex and work outdoor while photodermatitis was significantlyassociated with age and photosensitivity. Eczematisation was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. Conclusions Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is more prevalent among 31 -41-year age group and males. Majority are primary, single, early presentation and non-scaly nodule. The limbs are the commonest affected site. CL is significantly associated with co-existing skin manifestations of hypopigmentation, photodermatitis, eczematisation and follicular papules.
Epidemiology, mechanisms and patterns of lower limb fractures at an accident service centre in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Prabhashwara B. , Akalanka N. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Lower limb fracture burden overwhelms most of the tertiary care facilities in Sri Lanka. Lack of enough data and a trauma registry in Sri Lanka has masked the associated epidemiology, patterns and the mechanisms of the lower limb fractures. Aim of our study was to analyse the data and put forward an initiative for further studies. Methods: we collected data from the admissions with isolated lower limb fractures to the accident service Colombo South Teaching Hospital for a period of four months with the aid of an interviewer administered questionnaire. Results: we had 323 admissions with lower limb fractures out of 4823 all the admissions. There were 334 fractures. Motor vehicle crashes were the commonest mechanism. Tibia/ fibula were the commonest bones to get fractured. Most of the culprits were in the age range of 21-40. 68% of the males were under the influence of alcohol. 15% of the fractures were open. Conclusion: we were able to emphasize the epidemiology, mechanisms and the fracture types as planned in the objectives.
Overexpression of SH2-Containing Inositol Phosphatase Contributes to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Survival
Authors: Pal Singh Simar , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Velaso Gago da Graça Catarina , Corneth Odilia B. J. , Rip Jasper , Stadhouders Ralph , Meijers Ruud W. J. , Schurmans Stéphane , Kerr William G. , ter Burg Johanna , Eldering Eric , Langerak Anton W. , Pillai Saravanan Y. , Hendriks Rudi W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBalanced activity of kinases and phosphatases downstream of the BCR is essential for B cell differentiation and function and is disturbed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we employed IgH.TEμ mice, which spontaneously develop CLL, and stable EMC CLL cell lines derived from these mice to explore the role of phosphatases in CLL. Genome-wide expression profiling comparing IgH.TEμ CLL cells with wild-type splenic B cells identified 96 differentially expressed phosphatase genes, including SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (Ship2). We found that B cell–specific deletion of Ship2, but not of its close homolog Ship1, significantly reduced CLL formation in IgH.TEμ mice. Treatment of EMC cell lines with Ship1/2 small molecule inhibitors resulted in the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, we observed that blocking Ship1/2 abrogated EMC cell survival by exerting dual effects on the BCR signaling cascade. On one hand, specific Ship1 inhibition enhanced calcium signaling and thereby abrogated an anergic response to BCR stimulation in CLL cells. On the other hand, concomitant Ship1/Ship2 inhibition or specific Ship2 inhibition reduced constitutive activation of the mTORC1/ribosomal protein S6 pathway and downregulated constitutive expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, in both EMC cell lines and primary IgH.TEμ CLL cells. Importantly, also in human CLL, we found overexpression of many phosphatases including SHIP2. Inhibition of SHIP1/SHIP2 reduced cellular survival and S6 phosphorylation and enhanced basal calcium levels in human CLL cells. Taken together, we provide evidence that SHIP2 contributes to CLL pathogenesis in mouse and human CLL.
Characterization of Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Variable Lymphocyte Receptor–Based Antibody and Its Potential Role in the Neutralization of Nervous Necrosis Virus
Authors: Jung Jae Wook , Lee Jung Seok , Kim Jaesung , Im Se Pyeong , Kim Si Won , Lazarte Jassy Mary S. , Kim Young Rim , Chun Jin Hong , Ha Min Woo , Kim Hyeong Su , Thompson Kim D. , Jung Tae Sung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) mediates the humoral immune response in jawless vertebrates, including lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). Hagfish VLRBs are composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, conjugated with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, which contributes to low levels of expression in recombinant protein technology. In this study, we screened Ag-specific VLRBs from hagfish immunized with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). The artificially multimerized form of VLRB was constructed using a mammalian expression system. To enhance the level of expression of the Ag-specific VLRB, mutagenesis of the VLRB was achieved in vitro through domain swapping of the LRR C-terminal cap and variable LRR module. The mutant VLRB obtained, with high expression and secretion levels, was able to specifically recognize purified and progeny NNV, and the Ag binding ability of this mutant was increased by at least 250-fold to that of the nonmutant VLRB. Furthermore, preincubation of the Ag-specific VLRB with NNV reduced the infectivity of NNV in E11 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiment. Our results suggest that the newly developed Ag-specific VLRB has the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents for NNV infections in fish.
Effect of NOx on 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) oxidation product distribution and particle formation
Authors: Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Hammes Julia , Salvador Christian Mark , Mentel Thomas F. , Hallquist Mattias 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents a significant fraction of the
tropospheric aerosol and its precursors are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Anthropogenic VOCs (AVOC) dominate the VOC budget in many urban areas with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) being among the most reactive aromatic AVOCs. TMB formed highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) in an NOx-free environment, which could contribute to new particle formation (NPF) depending on oxidation conditions where elevated OH oxidation enhanced particle formation. The experiments were performed in an oxidation flow reactor, the Go:PAM unit, under controlled OH oxidation conditions. By addition of NOx to the system we investigated the effect of NOx on particle formation and on the product distribution. We show that the formation of HOMs, and especially HOM accretion products, strongly varies with NOx conditions. We observe a suppression of HOM and particle formation with increasing NOx/ΔTMB ratio and an increase in the formation of organonitrates (ONs) mostly at the expense of HOM accretion products. We propose reaction mechanisms and pathways that explain the formation and observed product distributions with respect to oxidation conditions. We hypothesise that, based on our findings from TMB oxidation studies, aromatic AVOCs may not contribute significantly to NPF under typical NOx/AVOC conditions found in urban atmospheres.
Nitrogen use efficiency and N2O and NH3 losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop
Authors: Cowan Nicholas , Levy Peter , Moring Andrea , Simmons Ivan , Bache Colin , Stephens Amy , Marinheiro Joana , Brichet Jocelyn , Song Ling , Pickard Amy , McNeill Connie , McDonald Roseanne , Maire Juliette , Loubet Benjamin , Voylokov Polina , Sutton Mark , Skiba Ute 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Three different nitrogen (N) fertiliser types, ammonium nitrate, urea and
urea coated with a urease inhibitor (Agrotain®), were applied
at standard rates (70 kg N ha−1) to experimental plots in a typical and
intensively managed grassland area at the Easter Bush Farm Estate (Scotland).
The nitrogen use efficiency of the fertilisers was investigated as well as
nitrogen losses in the form of nitrous oxide fluxes (N2O) and ammonia
(NH3) during fertilisation events in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons.
Nitrous oxide was measured by the standard static chamber technique and
analysed using Bayesian statistics. Ammonia was measured using passive
samplers combined with the Flux Interpretation by Dispersion and Exchange over Short Range (FIDES) inverse dispersion model. On average,
fertilisation with ammonium nitrate supported the largest yields and had the
highest nitrogen use efficiency, but as large spatial and seasonal variation
persisted across the plots, yield differences between the three fertiliser
types and zero N control were not consistent. Overall, ammonium nitrate
treatment was found to increase yields significantly
(p value < 0.05) when compared to the urea fertilisers used in this study. Ammonium
nitrate was the largest emitter of N2O (0.76 % of applied N), and the urea was the largest emitter of NH3 (16.5 % of applied N). Urea
coated with a urease inhibitor did not significantly increase yields when
compared to uncoated urea; however, ammonia emissions were only 10 % of
the magnitude measured for the uncoated urea, and N2O emissions were
only 47 % of the magnitude of those measured for ammonium nitrate
fertiliser. This study suggests that urea coated with a urease inhibitor is
environmentally the best choice in regards to nitrogen pollution, but
because of its larger cost and lack of agronomic benefits, it is not
economically attractive when compared to ammonium nitrate.
Rotation of floating particles in submesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies: a model study for the southeastern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zhurbas Victor , Väli Germo , Kuzmina Natalia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We hypothesized that the overwhelming dominance of cyclonic spirals on satellite images of the sea surface could be caused by some differences between the rotary characteristics of submesoscale cyclonic and
anticyclonic eddies. This hypothesis was tested by means of numerical
experiments with synthetic floating Lagrangian particles embedded offline in
a regional circulation model of the southeastern Baltic Sea with very high
horizontal resolution (0.125 nautical mile grid). The numerical experiments
showed that the cyclonic spirals can be formed from both a horizontally uniform initial distribution of floating particles and from the initially
lined-up particles during an advection time of the order of 1 d. Statistical processing of the trajectories of the synthetic floating
particles allowed us to conclude that the submesoscale cyclonic eddies differ
from the anticyclonic eddies in three ways favoring the formation of
spirals in the tracer field: they can be characterized by (a) a considerably higher angular velocity, (b) a more pronounced differential rotation and (c) a negative helicity.
Rethinking Dynamo: False Motherhood and the Illusion of Immortality
Authors: Quirk Ronald E. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
This article examines one of Eugene O'Neill's undervalued plays, Dynamo, in the framework of two strands of modern psychological thought: attachment disorder and death anxiety. Dynamo, with its ostensible theme of religion versus science, has often been dismissed as sophomoric and histrionic. However, an analysis of the “secondary” plot of protagonist Reuben Light's dysfunctional relationship with his mother illustrates a more complex storyline; an attachment disorder in action, leading to Reuben's fatal fixation on obtaining an illusory everlasting maternal presence vis-à-vis a hydroelectric power-plant. The themes of this article are drawn predominantly on the pioneering works of John Bowlby and Donald Winnicott, and on Ernest Becker's seminal books The Denial of Death and Escape from Evil. Infants and young children who have insecure attachment to their primary caregivers typically grow into adolescents and adults with free-floating anxiety, unconsciously craving a mother substitute. This is what tragically happened to Reuben Light.
Reimagining Education's Role in the Imagined Community: Toward a More Comprehensive Theory of Political Socialization
Authors: Brezicha Kristina F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While schools have long played a role in developing citizens for the imagined community, this article argues that an overlooked consideration is the role schools play in fostering students' feelings of belonging. This theoretical article asks, What is missing from this current view of students' political socialization and how can integrating an ecological theory of development with research regarding belonging from the political science, sociology, psychology, and youth development fields help develop a more complete understanding of youth's political development? After first introducing Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development, the paper brings together research from the various disciplines listed above to examine the concept of belonging. Lastly, it reviews the political socialization literature integrating the ecological understanding of development and belonging to demonstrate the strength of bringing these concepts together. Thus, the paper provides a more holistic view of schools' role in the development of citizens and of students' political development.
John Steinbeck's Participatory Politics, 1936–1968
Authors: Shillinglaw Susan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Steinbeck's body of work has often been viewed through a binary prism: in the 1930s he was concerned with group behavior and after World War II with individual conscience and consciousness. That perspective shifts, however, if one considers a trenchant comment he made in a 1955 essay: “I believe that man is a double thing, a group animal and at the same time an individual. And it occurs to me that he cannot successfully be the second until he has fulfilled the first.” This essay argues that the meaning and impact of group identity is the central concern of his career as a politically engaged writer.
El léxico que nos hace amar a Nicaragua
Authors: Baltodano Reyes Hilda María 
Published: December 2019

Ilustre señor director y miembros de la Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua, distinguidos invitados y queridos familiares:
Quiero expresar mi gratitud en esta oportunidad primero a Dios, digno de honra y gloria, quien me concedió el privilegio de ingresar a esta prestigiosa Casa, que el día de hoy se engalana para celebrar el nonagésimo aniversario de su fundación; mi agradecimiento también a D. Francisco Arellano Oviedo, D. Sergio Ramírez Mercado y D. Róger Matus Lazo, por proponer mi candidatura, y a los señores académicos, valiosos maestros, por conferirme el honor de trabajar juntos, distinción que, inmerecida, solo puedo compensar con mi compromiso de estudiar con pasión y enaltecer nuestra variedad lingüística ante la sociedad.
A Focused Gap Year Program in Orthopaedic Research: An 18-Year Experience
Authors: Egol Kenneth A. , Shields Charlotte N. , Errico Thomas , Iorio Richard , Jazrawi Laith , Strauss Eric , Rokito Andrew , Zuckerman Joseph D. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Students seek gap years to enhance knowledge and improve chances of professional success. Although many institutions offer research opportunities, no studies have examined outcomes after these experiences. This study evaluates a dedicated year of orthopaedic research on a cohort's ultimate orthopaedic surgery match rate.

Methods:
From 2001 to 2018, 129 learners spent a year with our Department of Orthopedic Surgery at a major academic medical center. The students were either completing a gap year after college, during or after medical school, or after an unsuccessful match. Participants were asked to respond to a survey, which included demographics, educational information, and metrics related to the program. For the subcohort of students who ranked orthopaedic surgery, the match rate was compared with the mean for the US orthopaedic surgery match rates from 2006 to 2018 using a chi-square analysis. In addition, a Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the number of publications before and after the year.

Results:
One hundred three students (80%) returned completed questionnaires. Of all learners who applied to and ranked orthopaedic surgery, 91% matched into an orthopaedic surgery residency program. These results compared favorably with the US orthopaedic match from 2006 to 2018 (67.9%; P < 0.001), despite a 4-point lower United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score for the research cohort. Finally, the research cohort had a greater percentage of women (23%) and minorities (40%) than the proportion of woman and minority practicing orthopaedic surgeons.

Conclusion:
Students who completed a gap year in research matched into orthopaedics at a higher rate than the national average, despite a lower Step score. Mentors may also target traditionally underrepresented groups to help increase the pool of diverse applicants.