bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between the tooth wear of the first molar and the estimated age from the auricular surfaces in a Joseon Dynasty population, South Korea
Authors: Jeon Chae‐Lin , Pak Sunyoung , Woo Eun Jin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDental wear is widely accepted as a physiological consequence of aging, and its evaluation can be a simple tool with which to estimate the age at death of an adult. However, previous studies indicate that age estimation based solely on dental wear is not reliable and does not clarify how the degrees of dental wear are used to reach a final age estimation. Furthermore, most techniques used to measure dental wear rely on an ordinal scale despite the fact that dental wear is a gradual loss. In the present study, we measured the area of exposed occlusal dentine using digital photographs and compared it with estimated age based on changes in the auricular surfaces of the ilia in order to evaluate the relationship between these variables. The amount of exposed dentine on the occlusal surface of the first molar and the degeneration on the auricular surfaces of ilia are moderately correlated. The age estimation method of dental wear should be combined with other methods that demonstrate a strong correlation with age.
Making the most of small samples: Optimization of tissue allocation of pediatric solid tumors for clinical and research use
Authors: Pinches R. Seth , Clinton Catherine M. , Ward Abigail , Meyer Stephanie C. , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Forrest Suzanne J. , Strand Gianna R. , Detert Hillary , Piche‐Schulman Anne , Gill Kristen , Restrepo Tamara , Tavares Proulx Rosemarie , Perez‐Atayde Antonio R. , Vargas Sara O. , Shaikh Raja , Weldon Christopher , Alexandrescu Sanda , Hong Andrew L. , O'Neill Allison F. , Hollowell Monica , Harris Marian H. , Janeway Katherine A. , Crompton Brian D. , Church Alanna J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTissue from pediatric solid tumors is in high demand for use in high‐impact research studies, making the allocation of tissue from an anatomic pathology laboratory challenging. We designed, implemented, and assessed an interdepartmental process to optimize tissue allocation of pediatric solid tumors for both clinical care and research.MethodsOncologists, pathologists, surgeons, interventional radiologists, pathology technical staff, and clinical research coordinators participated in the workflow design. Procedures were created to address patient identification and consent, prioritization of protocols, electronic communication of requests, tissue preparation, and distribution. Pathologists were surveyed about the value of the new workflow.ResultsOver a 5‐year period, 644 pediatric solid tumor patients consented to one or more studies requesting archival or fresh tissue. Patients had a variety of tumor types, with many rare and singular diagnoses. Sixty‐seven percent of 1768 research requests were fulfilled. Requests for archival tissue were fulfilled at a significantly higher rate than those for fresh tissue (P > .001), and requests from resection specimens were fulfilled at a significantly higher rate than those from biopsies (P > .0001). In an anonymous survey, seven of seven pathologists reported that the process had improved since the introduction of the electronic communication model.ConclusionsA collaborative and informed model for tissue allocation is successful in distributing archival and fresh tissue for clinical research studies. Our workflows and policies have gained pathologists’ approval and streamlined our processes. As clinical and research programs evolve, a thoughtful tissue allocation process will facilitate ongoing research.
Quantification of phenolic acids by partial least squares Fourier‐transform infrared (PLS‐FTIR) in extracts of medicinal plants
Authors: Bensemmane Nachida , Bouzidi Naima , Daghbouche Yasmina , Garrigues Salvador , de la Guardia Miguel , El Hattab Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPhenolic compounds are ubiquitous compounds found in all plants as their secondary metabolites. Phenols are becoming increasingly important particularly because of their beneficial effects on health.ObjectiveTo provide a faithful calibration model for the simultaneous determination and quantification of phenolic acids, as salicylic, vanillic, p‐hydroxybenzoic acids, eugenol and thymol in different extracts of medicinal plants, a comparative study was made between two methods of infrared measurements based on attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and transmission.MethodsCharacteristic absorbance peak heights of mid‐infrared spectra of individual phenolic acids were measured for the compounds. For partial least squares regression (PLS‐R) calibration mixtures of phenolic acids, wavenumber ranges, spectra pretreatment and number of latent variables, were assayed to improve the prediction capability of models using different spectral preprocessing techniques after mean centring of infrared data. Plant extracts were prepared by using water/methanol and ethanolic extraction solvents followed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR)‐spectrometry analysis. The concentrations of phenolic compounds contained in the extracts were obtained by using the best models selected of the PLS calibration.ResultsPLS‐ATR‐mid‐infrared (MIR) measurement provided the most accurate results and offers a good methodology for the determination of phenolic acids. The analysis showed that the rate of phenolic acids and monoterpenic phenols in extracts of medicinal plants is in the same range obtained with the Folin–Ciocalteu method, which confirm that the developed method using PLS is therefore, highly specific and selective.ConclusionThe simultaneous direct quantification of various phenolic acids in different plant extracts was possible with a fast and simple methodology based on PLS‐ATR‐FTIR analysis.
An intriguing “reversible reaction” in the fragmentation of deprotonated dicamba and benzoic acid in a Q‐orbitrap mass spectrometer: Loss and addition of carbon dioxide
Authors: Chai Yunfeng , Chen Hongping , Lu Chengyin 
Published: July 2020

RationaleLoss of carbon dioxide is an important characteristic fragmentation reaction of deprotonated benzoic acid and its derivatives in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. However, researchers have rarely noticed or believed that the loss of carbon dioxide in multistage mass spectrometry is a “reversible reaction,” that is, the fragment anion generated by carbon dioxide loss can capture another carbon dioxide to regenerate its precursor ion.MethodsThe fragmentation of the [M − H]− ions of dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) and benzoic acid was performed with an electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometer. The structural confirmation of the precursor ions and their product ions was supported by accurate mass (elemental composition) analysis. Pseudo‐MS3 experiments (in‐source collision‐induced dissociation as MS2) and isotope labelling experiments were used to confirm the addition of carbon dioxide to the product ions in MS2.ResultsIn the fragmentation of deprotonated dicamba (m/z 219), the relative abundance of the precursor ion does not decrease significantly or even increases as the collision energy increases. When the m/z 145 and 175 product ions were isolated in the mass analyzer, the ions 44 m/z units larger (m/z 189 and 219) were generated spontaneously, indicating the formation of carbon dioxide adduct ions. In the fragmentation of deprotonated [carboxyl‐13C]‐benzoic acid (m/z 122), a deprotonated [carboxyl‐12C]‐benzoic acid ion (m/z 121) was generated which was derived from 13CO2 loss and 12CO2 addition. The isotope labelling experiment further supports the formation of CO2‐attached ions in the fragmentation of deprotonated benzoic acids.ConclusionsUnder collisional activation, deprotonated dicamba and benzoic acids easily undergo carbon dioxide loss, but the decarboxylated product anions have an appropriate nucleophilicity to carbon dioxide and they can capture a background carbon dioxide molecule remaining in the vacuum system to regenerate the precursor ions. This study provides a new and deeper understanding of the gas‐phase chemistry of deprotonated benzoic acid derivatives in mass spectrometry.
A case of non‐severe COVID‐19 complicated by pulmonary embolism
Authors: Akiyama Yuto , Horiuchi Kohei , Kondo Yasushi , Kabata Hiroki , Ishii Makoto , Fukunaga Koichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is rapidly spreading worldwide. A typical clinical manifestation of COVID‐19 is pneumonia, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure. Recent studies have reported that COVID‐19 is often accompanied by coagulopathy, and a significant number of patients with severe or critical COVID‐19 develop concomitant thrombosis, including pulmonary embolism (PE). However, there are limited reports of the incidence of PE in non‐severe COVID‐19 patients. Here, we report a case of non‐severe COVID‐19 complicated by PE, which indicates that the possibility of PE should consistently be considered, even in non‐severe cases of COVID‐19 without any risk of thrombosis.
Data rate for output feedback consensus of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Ran Maopeng , Xie Lihua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article considers the data rate problem for output feedback consensus of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems. Each agent is modeled by an nth order integrator with unknown nonlinear dynamics and unmeasurable states. An (n+2)th order extended state observer (ESO) is first designed to estimate the unmeasurable agent states and the unknown nonlinear dynamics. Based on the output of the ESO and a dynamic encoding and decoding scheme, a distributed consensus protocol is proposed. It is shown that, for a connected undirected network with nth order uncertain nonlinear agents, consensus can be guaranteed with merely one bit information exchange between each pair of adjacent agents at each time step.
Synthesis of Controllable Nickel Chalcogenide Nano‐Hollow Spheres and Their Tunable Absorbing Properties
Authors: Li Chao‐Qin , Li Xiao , Yang Shu‐Hao , Wang Hui‐Ya , Wang Guang‐Sheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of nickel chalcogenide compounds (NiS2, NiS, NiO and NiSe2) with nanoscale hollow sphere structure have been successfully designed and fabricated by a simple and effective hydrothermal process. By appropriately adjusting the reaction temperature, we have obtained chalcogenide nickel nanomaterials with uniform size and controllable morphology. Subsequently, the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of nickel chalcogenide nano‐hollow sphere compounded with paraffin and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were investigated in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz. Under the same filling amount, the optimal absorbing performance of PVDF‐based composites can all exceed −10dB, which is significantly better than paraffin‐based composites. Therefore, PVDF‐based composites are more conducive to microwave absorption performance than paraffin‐based composites. Interestingly, the optimal effective frequency bandwidth of NiS/PVDF nanocomposites with 20 wt% filler content covers 5.0 GHz at a thin coating layer of 2.0 mm, and the corresponding reflection loss value can reach −36.3 dB at 15.2 GHz. Moreover, the fundamental attenuation mechanisms are discussed in detail.
One‐pot, Direct Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐aryl‐1‐indanones and their 2‐Benzylidene Derivatives from 2‐Alkynylbenzophenones
Authors: Santhi Jampani , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA rapid and efficient one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐aryl‐1‐indanones, directly from the corresponding 2‐alkynylbezophenones via a sequential carbonyl directed regioselective hydration followed by an intramolecular Aldol reaction has been reported. Further this strategy has also been extended for the efficient conversion of these 3‐hydroxy‐3‐aryl‐1‐indanone units into biologically important 2‐benzylidene‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐aryl‐1‐indanone derivatives, employing an intermolecular Aldol condensation reaction, both in a stepwise manner as well as one pot strategy. The process exhibits very good substrate scope and high reaction yields under mild reaction conditions.
Remediation of Toxic Dye Pollutants by Using Graphene‐Based Adsorbents
Authors: Lokhande Kshama D. , Pethsangave Dattatray A. , Kulal Dnyaneshwar K. , Some Surajit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we report a facile strategy for the synthesis of G@SiO2‐AR by using silica nanoparticles, which are coated with graphene and alkyd resin. During the synthesis of G@SiO2‐AR, the silica particles have been prepared in situ by hydrolysis of tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS). The G@SiO2‐AR has been employed to remove the methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. G@SiO2‐AR has a strong affinity to adsorb MB as MB is a cationic dye and it is strongly attracted by anions induced by deprotonation of acid functionality on GO. The detailed adsorption characteristics of G@SiO2‐AR, such as adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm has been investigated. The efficiency of dye adsorption on a G@SiO2‐AR has been investigated under various parameters such as contact time, temperature, and pH. The adsorption experiment has been carried out by keeping the constant adsorbent dose in 50 mL of 50 ppm dye solution with varying time intervals such as 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min at room temperature. We got better results at 20 min and the dye removal efficiency of G@SiO2‐AR and SiO2@AR is 95.08 % and 87.32 % respectively at room temperature. Also, we carried out the same experiment at different temperatures ranging from 298, 308 and 318 K, out of which the highest adsorption efficiency of above‐mentioned adsorbents has been observed at 318 K up to 99.72 % and 93.16 % respectively. Kinetic data has been shown that the adsorption phenomenon follows the pseudo‐second order kinetic model, while adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Recent Advances in Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one
Authors: Kulkarni Mahesh R. , Gaikwad Nitin D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one motifs found in many natural products, synthetic molecules with a diverse range of the biological activities and represent a privilege scaffold. Thereby the number of the innovative synthetic methodologies has been reported for constructions of this scaffold, which includes metal catalyzed and metal free method, multicomponent, domino one pot protocol, oxidation, Friedel‐Crafts type of cyclization. In the recent years many general protocols for the construction of this scaffold were reported in the literature and there is no focussed individual review for the 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one since 2001. This review focuses on the reports describing the new method for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one, published since 2001 to till date. In this review, we approach method of the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one according to the strategy used for its synthesis, which includes, the intramolecular cyclization of carbamate/ urea/ thiourea/ isocyanate/ azidoamide, carbonylation/ carbomylation/ carbonyl insertion, metal catalyzed protocols by C−H activation by directing group, metal free domino procedures and oxidations of isoquinoline derivatives that were included in recent publications. Moreover, the reports published since 2001 for the synthesis of the chiral 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one are included.
One‐Pot Construction of Bis‐Heterocycles through Isocyanide Based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Ishwar Bhat Subrahmanya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBis‐heterocycles (BHCs) are hybrid molecules comprising two linked, bound, spacer, or fused heterocyclic skeletons. In recent years, these compounds have attracted increased attention of scientific communities because of their improved potential applications than their discrete units. The emergence of numerous synthetic protocols utilizing Isocyanide as one of the components in multicomponent reactions has unleashed innumerable openings to design and synthesize diverse heterocyclic scaffolds and thus Isocyanide based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are leading today's MCR chemistry. To date, there has not been any exclusive review on the construction of BHCs via direct IMCRs or its combination with other reaction sequences in one‐pot. This article presents the first overview of IMCRs such as Ugi, Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé (GBBR), their sequential combination with other reactions, and new IMCRs established for the one‐pot synthesis of BHCs in the last two decades.
Effect of fly ash and corrosion on bond behavior in reinforced concrete
Authors: Zhou Qingsong , Lu Caifeng , Wang Wei , Wei Shenghuai , Xi Bangfa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReinforcing steel bar can exert its strength and ductility by bonding to concrete. However, corrosion of steel bars reduces the bonding effect. This study mainly investigated the coupling effects of fly ash (FA) and corrosion on bond behavior. The impressed current method was utilized to achieve the target corrosion degrees. Three crucial factors that have impact on bond behavior was considered, which were FA content, corrosion degree and stirrups. The bond behavior was discussed using the bond‐slip curves. The results showed that the slight corrosion (less than 2.1%) can improve the bond behavior, the supplement of 15% FA can result in a higher ultimate bond strength and to a substantial extent offset the reduction in bond strength owing to the severe corrosion of rebar. The effects of stirrups on bond strength mainly focused on fly ash concrete (FAC) and had an almost negligible impact on ordinary concrete. The results and discussions can be of great significance to establish the bond‐slip constitutive model under multi‐factor coupling conditions and also can give some important advices to the design of engineering structures.
Hybrid simulation of a tall building with a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper system under wind loads
Authors: Kwon Dae Kun , Kareem Ahsan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study presents an advanced experimental system, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL), recently referred to as hybrid testing, to validate the effectiveness of a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper (TSD) system with screens applied to a recently constructed tall building. The HIL simulation facilitates a performance analysis of a combined structure‐damper system in which the nonlinear behavior of liquid motion in a TSD is physically modeled, whereas a building system under wind loads that behaves linearly is embedded virtually utilizing a computer model. The scaled model of the TSD is composed of a computer‐controlled system with a shaking table, sensors, and a real‐time communication link. The virtual building system on the computer communicates in real time with the hardware, that is, the physical model of TSD to evaluate on‐the‐fly the performance of a combined building‐TSD system. External excitation including random loading characteristics of winds, waves, or earthquakes can be implemented in HIL to observe the dynamics of the building‐damper system under a host of loading scenarios. An example of a recently completed tall reinforced concrete building with multiple TSDs placed side by side in double‐decker configuration under a suite of external loads and the proposed damping estimation procedure to evaluate the amount of auxiliary damping with TSD for ensuring the TSD design is presented. It examines the habitability of the building in winds and evaluates the effectiveness of the TSD system as well as the efficacy of the first HIL simulation for an actual tall building‐TSD system equipped with screens inside.
A sandwich model of Cr(VI) adsorption and detoxification by Fenton modified chitosan
Authors: Jia Nanzhengfang , Yun Lingxiang , Huang Jinye , Chen Hui , Shen Chensi , Wen Yuezhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Fenton reaction has the advantages of short reaction time, low cost, no toxicity, and straightforward application and control. The Fenton reaction generates highly reactive HO•, which has been applied effectively. However, the effect of the generated Fe3+ has not been investigated widely. In this study, the Fenton reaction was used to improve the Cr(VI) adsorption and detoxification capacities of chitosan. After the Fenton modification, chitosan efficiently adsorbed Cr(VI) and transformed it into the less toxic Cr(III) in a wide pH range as a result of layer formation, which was described by a sandwich model. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the Fenton modified chitosan was in good agreement with the Freundlich adsorption model, and the adsorption capacity exceeded 120 mg/g. During the Fenton reaction, H2O2 and HO• with high oxidative activity broke the hydrogen bonds in the chitosan structure, resulting in the release of free amine groups for Fe3+ to form metal‐binding biopolymers. The distance between the chitosan polymers increased, and additional adsorption sites were created. HCrO4− entered the gap between the chitosan polymer and was adsorbed on the newly created adsorption sites. The sandwich adsorption model indicated that the Fenton modified chitosan provided a high concentration of active sites for Cr(VI) capture and detoxification.Practitioner points

Fenton reaction was used to improve the adsorption ability of chitosan.

The formed Fe3+ in Fenton reaction was utilized.

HO· broke the hydrogen bonds and Fe3+ ions chelated with chitosan in modification.

Cr(VI) could be adsorbed and reduced efficiently by Fenton modified chitosan.

The Fenton modified chitosan provided a high concentration of active sites for Cr(VI) capture and detoxification.
The need for Internet of Things digital forensic black‐boxes
Authors: Chung Hyunji , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn our interconnected cyber‐physical world, the types and number of Internet of Things (IoT) will also increase. Such devices are also generally capable of capturing a broad range of information, including digital artifacts that can facilitate a digital investigation during a cyber security incident (e.g., data breach). In other words, IoT devices are potential evidence acquisition sources. We posit the importance of having a digital forensic black‐box, conceptually similar to the cockpit voice recorder (also known as a flight recorder) on aircrafts, to facilitate digital investigations. Using a smart home comprising many different IoT devices (e.g., smart home devices, smart vehicles, and smart wearables) as an example, we discuss where such a black‐box can reside and what sort of artifacts can be collected. This black‐box can also complement other existing digital forensic readiness strategies, such as those described in ISO/IEC 27043:2015. We also explore the associated design requirements such as data provenance. There are changes required to the organization's current computing architecture in order to deploy our proposed black‐box, as explained in this paper. In addition, we will explore the potential privacy implications and potential research opportunities (e.g., blockchain‐based digital forensic black‐box).This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cloud Forensics
Digital and Multimedia Science > IoT Forensics
Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: complete leading order
Authors: Ghiglieri J. , Jackson G. , Laine M. , Zhu Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We compute the production rate of the energy density carried by gravitational waves emitted by a Standard Model plasma in thermal equilibrium, consistently to leading order in coupling constants for momenta k ∼ πT. Summing up the contributions from the full history of the universe, the highest temperature of the radiation epoch can be constrained by the so-called Neff parameter. The current theoretical uncertainty ∆Neff≤ 10−3 corresponds to Tmax≤ 2 × 1017 GeV. In the course of the computation, we show how a subpart of the production rate can be determined with the help of standard packages, even if subsequently an IR subtraction and thermal resummation need to be implemented.