bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle factors and reversion to normoglycaemia by prediabetes type in PREDAPS study.
Authors: SORIANO LUCIA CEA , Giráldez-García Carolina , Albadalejo Romana , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mata-Cases Manel , Díez-Espino Javier , Artola Sara , Serrano Rosario , Regidor Enrique 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Healthy lifestyle interventions and drug therapies are proven to have a positive preventative influence on normal glucose regulation in prediabetes; however, there is little evidence to support the role of these factors according to the various stage of the prediabetes state. Aims : This study aims to investigate the role of lifestyle factors on the reversion to normal glucose regulation according to the different stage of the prediabetes state based on most up-to-date American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. Design and Setting: Observational prospective cohort study. The Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes from 2012-2015 Methods: A total of 1184 individuals aged 30 to 74 years old were included and classified based on the ADA in three mutually exclusive groups using either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (from 100-125 mg/dl, FPG group), (HbA 1c (5.7%–6.4%, HbA1c group) or both impaired parameters group. Information on lifestyle factors and biochemical parameters were collected at baseline Reversion to normal glucose regulation was calculated at third year of follow-up. Relationship of lifestyle factor and type of prediabetes with reversion were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting by different groups of confounders. Results: Proportion of reversion rates were 31% for FPG group, 31% for HbA1c group and 7.9% for both altered parameters group, respectively. Optimal life style factors such as BMI<25 kg/m 2 [OR (95% CI): 1.90 (1.20-3.01)], high adherence to Mediterranean diet 1.78 (1.21-2.63) and absence of abdominal obesity 1.70 (1.19-2.43) were the strongest predictors for reversion to normal glucose. ORs of reversion to normal glucose were 4.87 (3.10-7.65) for FPG group and 3.72 (2.39-5.78) for HbA1c group, taking as reference those with both impaired parameters. These estimates remained almost the same after further adjustment for biochemical parameters and lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Although optimal lifestyle factors showed to be a positive predictor for reversion to normal glucose regulation, they do not seem to explain the differences according to the type of prediabetes.
Effective establishment of donor gut microbiota in gnotobiotic mice
Authors: Choo Jocelyn M , Rogers Geraint B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Determining whether associations between gut microbiota characteristics and host physiology represent causal relationships is a fundamental challenge for microbiome research. One way these associations can be investigated is to instil donor faecal material into gnotobiotic mice and to assess the extent to which donor phenotype is recapitulated. However, the manner in which this process is performed varies considerably between studies, and assessment of microbiota re-establishment in recipient animals is not always carried out. We report a detailed investigation of microbiome assembly in germ-free mice and compare the effects of single and multiple rounds of faecal gavage, using both native and antibiotic-disrupted donor material. Results: Levels of bacteria within the faeces of recipient animals increased rapidly following the instillation of donor material. However, considerable instability in microbiota composition continued during the first two weeks post-gavage, with substantial changes in taxon relative abundance occurring in parallel to declining faecal pH. Relative compositional stability was not achieved until day 28 and persistent differences between recipient and donor microbiota remained. These included an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and a reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes. Of taxa detected in donor material, 52% were represented in stable recipient microbiota following transplantation with native faecal material (single gavage), increasing to 66% following three rounds of gavage. These taxa accounted for 95% and 91% of total donor bacterial abundance, respectively. Performing multiple rounds of gavage significantly increased microbiota similarity between donor and recipient, and significantly reduced within-group dispersion (P<0.05). Instillation of antibiotic-associated microbiota resulted in substantially lower temporal and inter-animal variance, with multiple rounds of gavage providing no substantial benefit. Conclusions: Microbiome assembly in recipient animals is not immediate and several weeks are required for microbiota stability to be achieved. Multiple rounds of faecal gavage result in greater similarity to donor microbiota and reduced inter-animal variance. The process of donor microbiota re-establishment, and therefore the interval required prior to investigations using recipient animals, is influenced by donor microbiota characteristics.
Molecular ecological network complexity drives stand resilience of soil bacteria to mining disturbances among typical damaged ecosystems in China
Authors: Ma Jing , Lu Yongqiang , Chen Fu , Li Xiaoxiao , Zhang Shaoliang , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Understanding the interactions among soil microbial species and how they responded to disturbances are essential to ecological restoration and resilience in the semi-humid and semi-arid damaged mining areas. This information, however, remains unclear and poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the bacterial distribution in disturbed mining areas across three provinces of China, and constructed molecular ecological networks to reveal the interactions among soil bacterial communities in different locations. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the microbial network topology and environmental factors to show if there is a correlation between the resilience of bacterial community and external pressure.
Results: Bacterial community diversity and composition differed dramatically among different locations, such as the semi-humid and semi-arid disturbed mining areas. Additionally, based on the network topology, we distinguished key microbial populations across these mining areas, which belonged to Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , Actinobacteria , and Chloroflexi . Moreover, the network modules were significantly correlated with some environmental factors, which suggested that microbial interactions might change the soil resilience to the interference resulted from damaged mining areas, then furtherly affect soil ecosystem functions.
Conclusions: This study showed that network interactions were completely different across the different mining areas. The keystone species in different mining areas suggested that selected different microbial communities to resist the adverse environment. Moreover, the results of trait-based module significances showed that several environmental factors were significantly correlated with some keystone species. Our study also implied that the complex network of microbial interaction might drive the stand resilience of soil bacteria in the semi-humid and semi-arid disturbed mining areas.
Scientific Image Tampering Detection Based On Noise Inconsistencies: A Method And Datasets
Authors: Xiang Ziyue , Acuna Daniel Ernesto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Scientific image tampering is a problem that affects not only authors but also the general perception of the research community. Although previous researchers have developed methods to identify tampering in natural images, these methods may not thrive under the scientific setting as scientific images have different statistics, format, quality, and intentions. Methods: We propose a scientific-image specific tampering detection method based on noise inconsistencies, which is capable of learning and generalizing to different fields of science. We train and test our method on a new dataset of manipulated western blot and microscopy imagery, which aims at emulating problematic images in science. Results: With an average AUC score of 0.927 and an average F1 score of 0.770, it is shown that our method can detect various types of image manipulation in different scenarios robustly. It outperforms other existing general-purpose image tampering detection schemes. Conclusions: The experiment results shows that our method is capable of detecting manipulations in scientific images in a more reliable manner. We discuss applications beyond these two types of images and suggest next steps for making detection of problematic images a systematic step in peer review and science in general. Keywords: Scientific images; Digital image forensics; Noise inconsistency; Scientific image manipulation dataset
Evaluation of coupled ANN-GA model to prioritize flood source areas in ungauged watersheds
Authors: Dehghanian Naser , Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani S. , Saghafian Bahram , Damavandi Morteza Rayati 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An important step in flood control planning is identification of flood source areas (FSAs). This study presents a methodology for identifying FSAs. Unit flood response (UFR) approach has been proposed to quantify FSAs at subwatershed and/or cell scale. In this study, a distributed ModClark model linked with Muskingum flow routing was used for hydrological simulations. Furthermore, a fuzzy hybrid clustering method was adopted to identify hydrological homogenous regions (HHRs) resulting in clusters involving the most effective variables in runoff generation as selected through factor analysis (FA). The selected variables along with 50-year rainfall were entered into an artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized via genetic algorithm (GA) to predict flood index (FI) at cell scale. The case studies were two semi-arid watersheds, Tangrah in northeastern Iran and Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Arizona. The results revealed that the predicted values of FI via ANN-GA were slightly different from those derived via UFR in terms of mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and relative error (RE). Also, the prioritized FSAs via ANN-GA were almost similar to those of UFR. The proposed methodology may be applicable in prioritization of HHRs with respect to flood generation in ungauged semi-arid watersheds.
Contando histórias de quem “dormiu para sempre”:
Authors: Silveira Rosa Maria Hessel 
Published: February 2020

A morte não é, correntemente, considerada um tema adequado para se falar com crianças. Assim, é comum ser tratada em narrativas infantis através de analogias que tentam amenizar emoções e sentimentos como dor, sofrimento e perda. Nesse artigo, articulamos o campo da literatura infantil – especificamente os estudos sobre o tema da morte nas obras para crianças - os estudos sobre a morte e sobre narrativas infantis. Analisamos narrativas produzidas por crianças de uma turma de 4º ano de escola pública após uma sessão de leitura compartilhada da obra Menina Nina, de Ziraldo, cuja temática central é a morte. A leitura da obra motivou as crianças a contarem suas próprias histórias em relação ao tema, com elementos de seu cotidiano, como a violência e a religiosidade. Entendemos que a leitura e a conversa sobre o tema são importantes ferramentas para a expressão das emoções das crianças sobre a morte, a perda e o luto.
MicroRNA-582-5p Reduces Propofol-induced Apoptosis in Developing Neurons by Targeting ROCK1
Authors: Zhang Zhongjie , Xu Yan , Chi Songyuan , Cui Longji 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Propofol is an intravenous drug commonly used in anesthesia procedures
and intensive care in children. However, it also has neurotoxic effects on children. MicroRNA
plays an important role in neurological diseases and neurotoxicity.

Methods:
In this study, primary rat hippocampal neurons were used to investigate the role of miR-
582-5p in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. Cell viability was monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-
2,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the expression
of proteins was monitored by real-time quantitation polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and
western blot. TargetScan and double luciferase report assay were used to predict the targeting relationship
between miR-582-5p and Rho-associated serine-threonine protein kinase 1 (ROCK1).

Results:
In the present study, the viability of neurons and the expression of miR-582-5p were decreased
in a time-dependent manner after propofol treatment. Besides, miR-582-5p overexpression
significantly reduced the toxicity of propofol on neuron cells but had no significant effect on normal
nerve cells. In addition, miR-582-5p overexpression significantly reversed the expression of
apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9) induced by propofol but had
no significant effect in normal nerve cells. TargetScan and Dual-luciferase report assay revealed
that ROCK1 was a targeted regulatory gene for miR-582-5p, and propofol treatment up-regulated
ROCK1 expression by inhibiting miR-582-5p expression. Notably, miR-582-5p overexpression
significantly increased cell viability, while ROCK1 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-582-
5p.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-582-5p alleviated propofol-induced
apoptosis of newborn rat neurons by inhibiting ROCK1.
Association Between Preoperative Midline Shift Growing Rate and Outcomes of Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: Yuan Ruozhen , Wu Simiao , Cheng Yajun , Ye Kaili , Hao Zilong , Zhang Shihong , Liu Yi , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Whether preoperative midline shift and its growing rate are associated
with outcomes of decompressive craniectomy in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
is unknown.

Methods:
We retrospectively included patients: 1) who underwent decompressive craniectomy for
malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in West China Hospital from August 2010 to December
2, 2018) who had at least two brain computed tomography scans before decompressive craniectomy.
Midline shift was measured on the first and last preoperative computed tomography
scans. Midline shift growing rate was calculated by dividing Δmidline shift value using Δ time.
The primary outcome was inadequate decompression of the mass effect. Secondary outcomes were
3 month death and unfavorable outcomes.

Results:
Sixty-one patients (mean age 53.7 years, 57.4% (35/61) male) were included. Median
time from onset to decompressive craniectomy was 51.8 h (interquartile range: 39.7-77.8). Rates
of inadequate decompression, 3 month death, 3 month modified Rankin Scale 5-6 and 4-6 were
50.8% (31/61), 50.9% (29/57), 64.9% (37/57) and 84.2% (48/57), respectively. The inadequate decompression
group had a higher midline shift growing rate than the adequate decompression group
(median: 2.7 mm/8 h vs. 1.4 mm/8 h, P=0.041). No intergroup difference of 3 month outcomes
was found in terms of preoperative midline shift growing rate.

Conclusion:
Higher preoperative midline shift growing rate was associated with inadequate decompression
of decompressive craniectomy in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery
infarction.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and its Trafficking Regulation by Acetylation: Implication in Resistance and Exploring the Newer Therapeutic Avenues in Cancer
Authors: Kumar Manvendra , Joshi Gaurav , Chatterjee Joydeep , Kumar Raj 
Published: February 2020

Background:The EGFR is overexpressed in numerous cancers. So, it becomes one of the most favorable drug targets. Single-acting EGFR inhibitors on prolong use induce resistance and side effects. Inhibition of EGFR and/or its interacting proteins by dual/combined/multitargeted therapies can deliver more efficacious drugs with less or no resistance.Objective:The review delves deeper to cover the aspects of EGFR mediated endocytosis, leading to its trafficking, internalization, and crosstalk(s) with HDACs.Methods and Results:This review is put forth to congregate relevant literature evidenced on EGFR, its impact on cancer prognosis, inhibitors, and its trafficking regulation by acetylation along with the current strategies involved in targeting these proteins (EGFR and HDACs) successfully by involving dual/hybrid/combination chemotherapy.Conclusion:The current information on cross-talk of EGFR and HDACs would likely assist researchers in designing and developing dual or multitargeted inhibitors through combining the required pharmacophores.
Identifying Breast Cancer-induced Gene Perturbations and its Application in Guiding Drug Repurposing
Authors: Zhuang Jujuan , Dai Shuang , Zhang Lijun , Gao Pan , Han Yingmin , Tian Geng , Yan Na , Tang Min , Kui Ling 
Published: February 2020

Background:Breast cancer is a complex disease with high prevalence in women, the molecular mechanisms of which are still unclear at present. Most transcriptomic studies on breast cancer focus on differential expression of each gene between tumor and the adjacent normal tissues, while the other perturbations induced by breast cancer including the gene regulation variations, the changes of gene modules and the pathways, which might be critical to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer are more or less ignored.Objective:We presented a complete process to study breast cancer from multiple perspectives, including differential expression analysis, constructing gene co-expression networks, modular differential connectivity analysis, differential gene connectivity analysis, gene function enrichment analysis key driver analysis. In addition, we prioritized the related anti-cancer drugs based on enrichment analysis between differential expression genes and drug perturbation signatures.Methods:The RNA expression profiles of 1109 breast cancer tissue and 113 non-tumor tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression of RNAs was identified using the “DESeq2” bioconductor package in R, and gene co-expression networks were constructed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). To compare the module changes and gene co-expression variations between tumor and the adjacent normal tissues, modular differential connectivity (MDC) analysis and differential gene connectivity analysis (DGCA) were performed.Results:Top differential genes like MMP11 and COL10A1 were known to be associated with breast cancer. And we found 23 modules in the tumor network had significantly different co-expression patterns. The top differential modules were enriched in Goterms related to breast cancer like MHC protein complex, leukocyte activation, regulation of defense response and so on. In addition, key genes like UBE2T driving the top differential modules were significantly correlated with the patients’ survival. Finally, we predicted some potential breast cancer drugs, such as Eribulin, Taxane, Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin.Conclusion:As an indication, this framework might be useful in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of diseases like breast cancer and inferring useful drugs for personalized medication.
Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Functions of MicroRNAs in Rice Under the Drought Stress
Authors: Peng Yan , Liu Yuewu , Chen Xinbo 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Drought is one of the most damaging and widespread abiotic stresses that can severely limit the rice production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as a promising tool for improving the drought tolerance of rice and have become a hot spot in recent years.

Objective:
In order to further extend the understanding of miRNAs, the functions of miRNAs in rice under drought stress are analyzed by bioinformatics.

Method:
In this study, we integrated miRNAs and genes transcriptome data of rice under the drought stress. Some bioinformatics methods were used to reveal the functions of miRNAs in rice under drought stress. These methods included target genes identification, differentially expressed miRNAs screening, enrichment analysis of DEGs, network constructions for miRNA-target and target-target proteins interaction.

Results:
(1) A total of 229 miRNAs with differential expression in rice under the drought stress, corresponding to 73 rice miRNAs families, were identiﬁed. (2) 1035 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which included 357 up-regulated genes, 542 down-regulated genes and 136 up/down-regulated genes. (3) The network of regulatory relationships between 73 rice miRNAs families and 1035 DEGs was constructed. (4) 25 UP_KEYWORDS terms of DEGs, 125 GO terms and 7 pathways were obtained. (5) The protein-protein interaction network of 1035 DEGs was constructed.

Conclusion:
(1) MiRNA-regulated targets in rice might mainly involve in a series of basic biological processes and pathways under drought conditions. (2) MiRNAs in rice might play critical roles in Lignin degradation and ABA biosynthesis. (3) MiRNAs in rice might play an important role in drought signal perceiving and transduction.
Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review
Authors: Arumugam Balakrishnan , Subramaniam Arunambiga , Alagaraj Praveena 
Published: February 2020

:
Stevia rebaudiana of the Asteraceae family is a perennial shrub. It is a sweetener herb also
known as sweet weed, sweet leaf, sweet herbs and honey leaf, native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.
The leaves of stevia are sweeter than sucrose with zero calories. Steviol, a diterpenoid glycoside
derivative identified from this plant, is sweeter than sucrose and is safe when used as a sweetening
agent. Diabetic and obese people with hyperglycemia who are in a condition to follow a strict diet
can use stevioside as an alternative sweetener. In addition to its hypoglycemic property, the plant
also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-fertility and cardiotonic
properties. It has also been documented to show good effects on treating skin diseases such
as dermatitis, acne, eczema etc. The leaves of stevia with enriched phytoconstituents could be an alternative
natural sweetener for children, adults and old age persons who have a craze to drink beverages
and eat sweetened food products in their habitual life.
A Cardiology Handbook App to Improve Medical Education for Internal Medicine Residents: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Torabi Asad , Khemka Abhishek , Bateman Pantila V 
Published: February 2020

Background
At most institutions, internal medicine residents struggle with balancing clinical duties and learning opportunities, particularly during busy cardiology ward rotations. To improve learning experiences for residents, we helped develop a cardiology handbook app to supplement cardiology education.

Objective
The aim of this study was to report the development, implementation, and preliminary impact of the Krannert Cardiology Handbook app on graduate medical education.

Methods
In June 2017, 122 residents at Indiana University were invited to download the digital handbook in the Krannert app. The Krannert app featured a total of 13 chapters written by cardiology fellows and faculty at Indiana University. Residents were surveyed on their self-reported improvement in cardiology knowledge and level of satisfaction after using the Krannert app. Residents were also surveyed regarding their preference for a digital handbook app versus a paper handbook.

Results
Of the 122 residents, 38 trainees (31.1%) participated in survey evaluations. Among all respondents, 31 app users (82%) reported that the app helped improve their cardiology knowledge base. The app had an overall favorable response.

Conclusions
The Krannert app shows promise in augmenting clinical education in cardiology with mobile learning. Future work includes adding new topics, updating the content, and comparing the app to other learning modalities.