bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinfection of Endoscopy and Reusability of Accessories
Authors: Rai Praveer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCorona viruses are a group of medium-sized positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with crown-like structure due to projections noted over the surface of the virus. The infection has been declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (WHO) in March 2020. Health care professionals in endoscopy are at high risk of infection by novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from inhalation of droplets, conjunctival contact, feces, and touch contamination. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is considered to be a high-risk aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the live virus has been found in patient stool. Flexible endoscopes when contaminated have been considered as the vector for transmission of infections. Infections related to the side viewing endoscopes and endoscopic ultrasound scopes are more frequent than upper GI scope and colonoscopes. Stratifying patients needing endoscopy and deferral of elective procedures will help to decrease the virus spread. Planning and revision of workflows is necessary for safety of patient and staff and to successfully provide infection prevention and control measures, for this a “three zones and two passages” concept should be followed. Manual cleaning followed by high-level disinfection (HLD), effectively eliminates nearly all microorganisms from endoscopes during reprocessing. Transmission of viral infections during endoscopy is quite rare and, it is usually the result of noncompliance from the essential steps of reprocessing. Reuse of any disposable GI endoscopic device is strongly discouraged. Environmental decontamination is essential to reduce the risk of fomite transmission. Noncritical environmental surfaces frequently touched by hands (e.g., bedside tables and bed rails) and endoscopy furniture and floor should be considered heavily contaminated in patients with intermediate or high risk of COVID-19 and should be thoroughly disinfected at the end of each procedure. If available, negative pressure rooms are preferred for endoscopy, as has been advised by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Staff involved in reprocessing and the cleaning of endoscopy rooms should utilize personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 mask. Reprocessing staff should undergo necessary training and ongoing annual assessment of competency.
Indications for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gunjan Deepak , Garg Pramod 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global pandemic due to COVID-19 presents an unprecedented challenge to mankind including healthcare providers. Many COVID-19 infected patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic services may be required in complicated COVID-19 infected or suspected patients. In addition, resource allocation would demand judicious use of endoscopy services. There is a definite risk of transmission of COVID-19 during endoscopy to healthcare professionals. We recommend that only emergency and life-saving endoscopic procedures should be performed during COVID-19 pandemic, and semi-elective procedures should be performed after careful consideration. All routine endoscopy procedures should be deferred till normal hospital services resume. For emergency endoscopy procedures, prescreening of patients is critical to avoid nosocomial transmission. To prevent cross-infection among healthcare professionals, strict infection control measures should be practiced in endoscopy suite while providing essential endoscopic services to the patients.
Navigating Through the Financial Crisis that may Occur during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic for Gastroenterologists
Authors: Patel Dipam A. , Shah Chirag Narendrakumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Considering the specific set of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, it is witnessed that the number of patients forelective procedures are being deferred by the patients amid various concerns ranging from financial constraint to the fear of infection from the dreaded coronavirus. With Routine endoscopy procedures recommended to be safely postponed, the impact on the practice of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists shall be magnified.
Assessment and Strategy The article discusses impact and remedial actions that may be taken by Gastrointestinal Endoscopists, which classified into:-	Anindependent practitioner-	A consultant-	An employeeThe article further touches upon the difficulties that might be envisaged by the Gastrointestinal Endoscopists, and obtain a financial understanding of what could potentially lead to an existential crisis?Those with cash reserves sit in a pleasant position i.e. they can buy assets at an attractive price, experiment with new ideas, research and development, etc.
It is imperative in these times to understand the uncertainty cast on operations of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists and prepare a response plan for coming out of this economic crisis. A roadmap also has been devised which provides a possible outline of a plan that can be implemented for handling the economic crisis.It is also important to answer these two questions:1.	Who do I want to be during the crisis?2.	Who do I want to be when this is over?
Two auxiliary factors promote Dmc1-driven DNA strand exchange via stepwise mechanisms
Authors: Tsubouchi Hideo , Argunhan Bilge , Ito Kentaro , Takahashi Masayuki , Iwasaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Homologous recombination (HR) is highly induced during meiosis as it plays an essential role in segregating chromosomes at the first division of meiosis. Dmc1 is the major enzyme responsible for homology searching and strand exchange in meiosis. However, in the cell, Dmc1 cannot function without two major auxiliary factors, Hop2-Mnd1 and Swi5-Sfr1. How these auxiliary factors collaborate to facilitate Dmc1’s activity remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Hop2-Mnd1 allows Dmc1 to access and initiate strand invasion into homologous dsDNA while Swi5-Sfr1 acts to stabilize Dmc1 binding to single-stranded DNA and promote strand exchange with Hop2-Mnd1. Thus, our findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanism of meiotic HR, which is central to inheritance and evolution.
Count and mass nouns in Dâw
Authors: Storto Luciana R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The goals of this paper are to describe the grammatical properties of nouns and number in Dâw (Naduhup family, Northwestern Amazonia, Brazil) using Lima & Rothstein’s questionnaire (this volume) on mass versus count nouns and to contribute to the typological and semantic literature on nouns and number. Our results show that Dâw is a bare argument language, with no plural on nouns or numeral classifiers, in which all nouns can be counted directly without the need of a measure or container phrase. A difference between notionally count and mass nouns can be found only when different sets of quantifiers are combined with mass and count nouns and in comparatives.
Count, mass, number and numerals in Kuikuro (Upper Xingu Carib)
Authors: Franchetto Bruna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the multiple reflexes of the mass versus count distinction in Kuikuro, a dialect of a southern-branch language of the Carib family, spoken by 600 people at the edge of Brazilian Southern Amazonia. It updates and deepens previous research results presented inFranchetto et al. (2013). It is organized into four sections. After a summary profile of Kuikuro morphosyntax, the second and third sections present, respectively, the resources available for pluralization, with their sensitivity to the animate/inanimate and count/mass distinctions, and the system of cardinal numerals. Both sections are a required introduction to the rest of the article. The relevance of the distinction, which we consider primordial, between count nouns and mass nouns is the first-order question of the fourth section. Here we show not only Kuikuro’s basic sensitivity to this distinction, but also the specific contributions that this language brings to cross-linguistic comparisons and to the revision of possible cross-linguistic generalizations.
A comparative study of compliment responses among Chinese Renren users and American Facebook users
Authors: Eslami Zohreh R. , Yang Lu , Qian Chang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Advancements in technology, spread of English language worldwide, increasing use of online social networking sites (SNSs) and globalization are recognized as highly powerful forces influencing everyday language use and practices. This has led to concerns that technologization, in line with globalization, and increasing dominance of English language will lead to the homogenization of the world, reducing cultural and linguistic diversity in discourse practices. which fall within the heart of this interconnectedness (Sifianou 2013). In this paper, we examine if, and to what extent, the use of SNSs lead to homogenization among discourse practices of Chinese and American English users in two similar SNSs (Facebook and Renren [the Facebook of China]), as reflected in their compliment response (CR) strategies. The findings may provide evidence as to the kinds of changes that increased interconnectedness may produce in language use of different speech communities. An analysis of the data revealed that increasing use of online SNSs and interconnectedness does not necessarily mean eradication of cultural differences in discourse practices but does decrease cultural differences in language use. The changes are uni-directional and dominated by the English language and American/Western Cultural values.
The interpersonal effects of complimenting others and self-praise in online health settings
Authors: Rudolf von Rohr Marie-Thérèse , Locher Miriam A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the pragmatic functions of complimenting and self-praise in two UK social media forums about smoking cessation, and responses to these speech acts. We compare these insights with other related e-health contexts (advice column, anti-smoking websites). Adopting an interpersonal pragmatics perspective, we focus on how these speech acts are employed for relationship creation. Our findings suggest that complimenting and self-praise are pivotal discourse practices in the forums. The status of the posting quitter – as new, or as successfully quitting – appears to affect the topic of compliments, the functions of third-party compliments and the order in which it is acceptable for initial posters to use self-praise; additional interpersonal effects relate to the overarching purpose of improving one’s lifestyle. In comparison to the peer-to-peer forum context, we find the number of compliments drastically reduced in the professional e-health contexts, which may be attributed to the set-up of practices. This paper adds to previous studies by exploring complimenting and self-praise in (e-health) social media.
Dislocazioni a destra interrogative tra grammatica e discorso
Authors: Crocco Claudia , Badan Linda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with clitic right dislocation (CLRD) structures. The interface examination of the interpretative, syntactic and prosodic properties of CLRDs shows that these constructions can be ordered on a scale based to a minor or greater degree of prosodic and syntactic integration between verb and post-verbal object. This scale of integration is based on the hypothesis that the different dislocations are part of a complex system of resources for the post-verbal expression of topic and focus categories. Crucially, the study shows that in interrogative CLRDs the clitic resumes an accessible referent which is also focal, manifesting the greater intersubjective attitude of the speaker. The work is based on the analysis of spoken data mostly taken from the CLIPS corpus.
Remote imagery to assess water stress variability within the orchard
Authors: Gómez-Candón David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the current status of the measurement of the spatial variability of water status at tree scale in fruit crops through remote sensing, and discusses the limitations and opportunities of these technologies.
Remotely sensed multispectral and thermal imagery can provide high precision water status maps in orchards through stress indices, which are a very useful tool for irrigation monitoring and deficit irrigation strategies especially in areas where water resources are limited. They are also a powerful tool for breeders working on water stress phenotyping. The data can be obtained from multispectral sensors onboard satellites, airplanes, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
The main limitations of remote sensing, when working at tree scale, can be summarized in the following two points: (i) the processing time required to obtain water stress maps when almost real-time information is required (i.e., for irrigation scheduling purposes) and technical knowledge to interpret them; and (ii) the large costs of the technology. Some possible solutions may include: offering a consulting service that provides technical support, agronomic knowledge and specific training courses, the development and implementation of uniform and cheap standards, and promoting new research on image upscaling methods (sharpening) that, through the fusion of images at different scales, are able to increase the resolution offered by satellites and allow access to data quickly and inexpensively as a complement to UAV. Despite numerous efforts, a powerful and flexible methodology for obtaining evapotranspiration and water stress maps remains the greatest challenge for this technology.
Comparison of acceptability analysis of goat milk yogurt fortification with various rice bran flour
Authors: Ningtyas C K , Haskito A E P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Goat milk yogurt is among dairy products with a lot of health benefits, but still unfavorable in the population. To increase community acceptability towards goat milk yogurt, fortification with white, red, and black rice bran flour was attempted. The purpose of this research is to create goat milk yogurt with white, red, and black rice bran flour and analyze acceptability differences between each yogurt type. The yogurt used in this research is milk product fermented in Lactate Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and lactobacillus acidophilus. This research is an experimental research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor in the form of fortification with white rice bran flour 4%, red rice bran flour 4%, and black rice bran flour 4% into goat milk, and then fermented with the help of LABs into yogurt. Acceptability analysis was done by using the hedonic test on the following criteria: sour taste, goat smell, rice bran smell, and yogurt consistency. The hedonic test involved 30 panelists. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney test. The result of the research showed: (1) significant difference towards sour taste; (2) no significant difference towards goat smell, rice bran smell, and yogurt consistency; (3) goat milk yogurt fortified with black rice bran flour was the most favored by the panelists.
Organoleptic Characteristics of Chicken Meatballs that Using Gelatin as a Gelling Agent
Authors: Hafid H. , Napirah A. , Fitrianingsih  , Efendi A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Meatballs can be identified as a good product if they had chewy property. To make the meatballs chewy, meatballs producers try to add natural and artificial additives. This research aimed to study the addition effect of the natural gelling agents on organoleptic characteristics of chicken meatballs. This research using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 25 trained panelists as replication. The treatments were an additional level of gelatin and they controlled without gelatin (P0), the addition of 1% gelatin of meat weight (P1), the addition of 2% gelatin of meat weight (P2), and addition of 3% gelatin of meat weight (P3). The result showed that addition gelatin as a natural gelling agent up to 3% on chicken meatballs making process did not give any significant effect (P<0,05) on color, aroma, flavor, texture and chewy. It can be concluded that the gelatin addition up to 3% is still lacking and need to be added to give a better chewy sensation.
Nutrient Adequacy Evaluation of Aceh Cattle Fed with Concentrate for Forage Substitution and Performance Improvement
Authors: Budisatria IGS , Atmoko BA , Baliarti E , Widi TSM , Ibrahim A , Vierman A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate nutrient adequacy based on the nutrient requirement and intake of Aceh cattle fed by concentrate as a substitution for forage to improve their performance and productivity. The study was conducted from May to July 2018 at Livestock Breeding and Forage Center for Excellence (BPTU-HPT) of Indrapuri, Aceh. Twenty heads of selected male and healthy Aceh cattle aged 1.5-2.5 yo with a weight of ±160 kg were divided into four treatment groups based on different forage and commercial concentrate feed levels, i.e. T1 as a control (fed with 25 kg of forage without any additional concentrate feed), T2 (fed with 20 kg of forage plus 1 kg of concentrate feed), T3 (fed with 15 kg of forage plus 2 kg of concentrate feed), and T4 (fed with 10 kg of forage plus 3 kg of concentrate feed). The data observed were ADG, feed consumption, and nutrient intake, requirement, and balance. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and continued by DMRT. The difference in the amount of forage consumption was very significant (P <0.05), directly proportional to the amount of forage provided. Dry matter intake significantly increased with provision of concentrate (P <0.05). Increases in DM, CP, and TDN intakes were 0.75, 0.16, 0.40 kg/d, respectively. A negative balance was found in almost all nutrients and treatment groups, and there was only one positive balance, i.e. protein in T4 group. T3 group had met the DM requirement, but did not meet protein and TDN requirements, and also had the highest ADG (P <0.05) compared to the other groups. This study concludes that the use of concentrate as a substitute for forage improves nutrient intake of male Aceh cattle. Feeding of 2 kg of concentrate and 15 kg of forage can meet nutrient requirements of dry matter and provide the highest ADG.
The Identification of quantitative traits of Aceh cattle in Aceh Besar District of Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Agus Nashri , Aditia Deris Rizki , Sari Eka Meutia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the quantitative traits of Aceh cattle in Aceh Besar district of Aceh Province. The reason was because the lack of quantitative traits data of Aceh cattle. This research used survey method in two sub districts within Aceh Besar district, namely: Ingin Jaya sub district and Lembah Seulawah sub district. The material consisted of 84 Aceh cattle, 40 from Ingin Jaya sub district and 44 from Lembah Seulawah sub district. The determination of cattle samples was done by simple random sampling method. The data collected data were analyzed using a frequency table, averages, and standard deviations. The parameters observed were: (a) shoulder height; (b) body length; and (c) chest circumference. The results showed that the mean of shoulder height for male and female Aceh cattle in Ingin Jaya sub district were 111.67 ±3.01 and 107 ± 1.15, body length were 109.33 ± 2.58 and 108.50 ± 0.58, chest circumference were 140.67 ± 3.01 and 138 ± 1.83, respectively. In addition, in Lembah Seulawah sub district, the shoulder height were 107.25± 0.71 and 105.89±1.36, body length were 109.45±0.71 and 107.89±1.36, and chest circumference were 140.50±0.71 and 136.89.±1.90, respectively. It could be conclude that the average body measurements of the Aceh cattle were classified as medium size both male and female. The body sizes of the male Aceh cattle were larger than those of the female Aceh cattle.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Psychological Functioning in Family Caregivers: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hives Benjamin A , Buckler E Jean , Weiss Jordan , Schilf Samantha , Johansen Kirsten L , Epel Elissa S , Puterman Eli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The responsibility and stress of being a family caregiver are associated with reduced physical and mental health.

Purpose
To examine whether a 24-week aerobic exercise program improves multiple aspects of psychological functioning in family caregivers.

Methods
Family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (n = 68) were recruited and randomized into either an aerobic exercise group (n = 34) or a waitlist control group (n = 34). The exercise group was assigned a 24-week aerobic training program that incrementally increased the intensity, duration, and frequency of the exercise program until 150 min of moderate to vigorous activity were completed per week by the ninth week. Twelve measures of psychological functioning were administered at baseline and compared with responses completed following the intervention.

Results
Multilevel modeling revealed significant decreases in caregiver burden (β = −4.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−8.82, −0.38], RLMM2 = 0.11) and depression (β = −2.59, 95% CI = [−4.79, −0.38], RLMM2 = 0.13), as well as increases in mastery (β = 1.78, 95% CI = [0.09, 3.46], RLMM2 = .04) in the exercise intervention group compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Family caregivers report high levels of depression and caregiver burden. Engagement in a 24-week exercise intervention can ameliorate the perceived burden of caregiving, symptoms of depression, and their sense of mastery.
Using Cure Models to Estimate the Serial Interval of Tuberculosis With Limited Follow-up
Authors: Ma Yicheng , Jenkins Helen E , Sebastiani Paola , Ellner Jerrold J , Jones-López Edward C , Dietze Reynaldo , Horsburgh, Jr. Charles R , White Laura F 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSerial interval (SI), defined as the time between symptom onset in an infector and infectee pair, is commonly used to understand infectious diseases transmission. Slow progression to active disease, as well as the small percentage of individuals who will eventually develop active disease, complicate the estimation of the SI for tuberculosis (TB). In this paper, we showed via simulation studies that when there is credible information on the percentage of those who will develop TB disease following infection, a cure model, first introduced by Boag in 1949, should be used to estimate the SI for TB. This model includes a parameter in the likelihood function to account for the study population being composed of those who will have the event of interest and those who will never have the event. We estimated the SI for TB to be approximately 0.5 years for the United States and Canada (January 2002 to December 2006) and approximately 2.0 years for Brazil (March 2008 to June 2012), which might imply a higher occurrence of reinfection TB in a developing country like Brazil.