bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using image-to-text recognition technology to facilitate vocabulary acquisition in authentic contexts
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Wu Ting-Ting , Huang Yueh-Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA vocabulary acquisition learning activity was designed and a learning system featuring image-to-text recognition technology to support the activity was developed. The effectiveness of the system with regard to facilitating vocabulary acquisition was tested. The perceptions of learners toward this tool and the affordances of the system for vocabulary acquisition were also explored. To this end, we designed an experiment in which 40 native speakers of Russian learning English as a foreign language from an elementary school participated. They were assigned to either a control condition or an experimental condition. All learners learned new vocabulary in class and then applied their new knowledge to contexts with a realistic simulation of the real world by completing a learning task. The learners in the control group used a traditional approach (e.g. the learners learned vocabulary from corresponding pictures in a textbook), whereas the learners in the experimental group used the proposed learning system (e.g. the learners learned vocabulary using the system). A pre-test–post-test/delayed post-test design was employed to test the effectiveness of the treatment on vocabulary acquisition. Learner perceptions and perceived affordances of the system for vocabulary acquisition were explored through a questionnaire survey and interviews. The quantitative results showed that the learners in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts on both the vocabulary post-test and delayed post-test. The qualitative results revealed that most learners in the experimental group had positive perceptions of the system. In addition, the qualitative results showed the three main categories of affordances. Based on these results, several suggestions and implications are provided for the teaching and research community.
‘SALAMELICA’: NEW THOUGHTS ON VOLPINO AND HIS ARIA IN ACT III OF LO SPEZIALE
Authors: MAYES CATHERINE 
Published: February 2020

Recently, as I was doing research for a project on eighteenth-century dances, I came across the following entry in Charles Compan's Dictionnaire de danse (1787):
Salamalec. Salut à la Turque, qui signifie, Dieu vous garde. On s'est servi longtems à Paris de cette expression, pour saluer une personne en buvant à sa santé. Salamalec, ou, comme prononcent les Turcs, Selamalec, n'est pas seulement une salutation des Turcs, mais encore des Arabes, & même de tous les peuples Mahométans.Salamalec. Turkish greeting meaning ‘May God keep you’. This expression has long been used in Paris as a toast when drinking to someone's health. ‘Salamalec’, or as the Turks pronounce it, ‘Selamalec’, is not only a greeting of the Turks, but of Arabs and even of all Muslim peoples.
High Injection Rates Counteract Formation of Far‐Reaching Fluid Migration Pathways at The Geysers Geothermal Field
Authors: Lasocki Stanisław , Orlecka‐Sikora Beata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeep underground water injections induce seismicity. When the seismic fractures coalesce into far‐reaching pathways for fluid migration, the migrating fluid may reach preexisting faults and, by decreasing fault strength, can trigger major seismic events. We assume that the potential for building such pathways depends on closeness of hypocenters, similarity of fracture planes orientations, and closeness of radii taking off from the injection point, on which events locate. We define this potential as the average distance between seismic events in the space of parameters quantifying the above conditions. We show that in the studied case from The Geysers geothermal field, this potential is highly correlated with injection rate. When the overall level of injection rate is high, the higher the injection rate is, the more the potential for building far‐reaching pathways for fluid migration is reduced.
Accommodation of East African Rifting Across the Turkana Depression
Authors: Knappe E. , Bendick R. , Ebinger C. , Birhanu Y. , Lewi E. , Floyd M. , King R. , Kianji G. , Mariita N. , Temtime T. , Waktola B. , Deresse B. , Musila M. , Kanoti J. , Perry M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGeodetic observations in the Turkana Depression of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya constrain the kinematic relay of extension from a single rift in Ethiopia to parallel rifts in Kenya and Uganda. Global Position System stations in the region record approximately 4.7 mm/year of total eastward extension, consistent with the ITRF14 Euler pole for Nubia‐Somalia angular velocity. Extension is partitioned into high strain rates on localized structures and lower strain rates in areas of elevated topography, as across the Ethiopian Plateau. Where high topography is absent, extension is relayed between the Main Ethiopian Rift and the Eastern Rift across the Turkana Depression exclusively through localized extension on and immediately east of Lake Turkana (up to 0.2 microstrain/year across Lake Turkana). The observed scaling and location of active extension in the Turkana Depression are inconsistent with mechanical models predicting distributed stretching due to either inherited lithospheric weakness or reactivated structures oblique to the present‐day extension direction.
Early Ground‐Based Work by Auroral Pioneer Carl Størmer on the High‐Altitude Detached Subauroral Arcs Now Known as “STEVE”
Authors: Hunnekuhl Michael , MacDonald Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSTEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) phenomenon related structures have received much attention from space weather audiences in recent years. MacDonald et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq0030), reports on a link between these ionospheric structures and the subauroral ion drift for the first time. This commentary summarizes previously overlooked observations of a distinct type of detached subauroral arc by the aurora pioneer Carl Størmer in Norway between 1911 and 1940, including coordinated simultaneous multistation‐based altitude measurements. This commentary points out that his phenomenological descriptions and height measurements show a striking resemblance to modern descriptions and measurements of STEVE.
Controls on Rift Faulting in the North Basin of the Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa
Authors: Shillington Donna J. , Scholz Christopher A. , Chindandali Patrick R. N. , Gaherty James B. , Accardo Natalie J. , Onyango Evans , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Nyblade Andrew A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe North Basin of the Malawi Rift is an active, early‐stage rift segment that provides the opportunity to quantify cumulative and recent faulting patterns in a young rift, assess contributions of intrarift faults to accommodating rift opening, and examine controls on spatial patterns of faulting. Multichannel seismic reflection data acquired in Lake Malawi (Nyasa) in 2015 together with legacy multichannel seismic data image a system of synthetic intrarift faults within this border‐fault‐bounded, half‐graben basin. A dense wide‐angle seismic reflection/refraction dip profile acquired with lake bottom seismometer data constrains sediment velocities that are used to convert fault throws from travel time to depth. Observed extension on intrarift faulting in the northern and central parts of the North Basin is approximately twice what would be predicted for hanging wall flexure, implying that the intrarift faults contribute to basin opening. The cumulative throw on intrarift faults is higher in the northern part of the rift segment than the south and is anticorrelated with throw on the border fault, which is largest in the southern part of the North Basin. This change in faulting coincides with a change in the orientation of the North Basin from a N‐S trend in the south to a NNW‐SSE trend in the north. We infer that the distribution of extension is influenced by rift orientation with respect to the regional extension direction. Almost all intrarift faults substantially offset late Quaternary synrift sediments, suggesting they are likely active and need to be considered in hazard assessments.
A CRHR1 antagonist prevents synaptic loss and memory deficits in a trauma-induced delirium-like syndrome
Authors: Cursano Silvia , Battaglia Chiara R. , Urrutia-Ruiz Carolina , Grabrucker Stefanie , Schön Michael , Bockmann Jürgen , Braumüller Sonja , Radermacher Peter , Roselli Francesco , Huber-Lang Markus , Boeckers Tobias M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOlder patients with severe physical trauma are at high risk of developing neuropsychiatric syndromes with global impairment of cognition, attention, and consciousness. We employed a thoracic trauma (TxT) mouse model and thoroughly analyzed age-dependent spatial and temporal posttraumatic alterations in the central nervous system. Up to 5 days after trauma, we observed a transient 50% decrease in the number of excitatory synapses specifically in hippocampal pyramidal neurons accompanied by alterations in attention and motor activity and disruption of contextual memory consolidation. In parallel, hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression was highly upregulated, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly reduced. In vitro experiments revealed that CRH application induced neuronal autophagy with rapid lysosomal degradation of BDNF via the NF-κB pathway. The subsequent synaptic loss was rescued by BDNF as well as by specific NF-κB and CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) antagonists. In vivo, the chronic application of a CRHR1 antagonist after TxT resulted in reversal of the observed histological, molecular, and behavioral alterations. The data suggest that neuropsychiatric syndromes (i.e., delirium) after peripheral trauma might be at least in part due to the activation of the hippocampal CRH/NF-κB/BDNF pathway, which results in a dramatic loss of synaptic contacts. The successful rescue by stress hormone receptor antagonists should encourage clinical trials focusing on trauma-induced delirium and/or other posttraumatic syndromes.
Glial cell diversity and methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation in human cerebral organoids
Authors: Dang Jason , Tiwari Shashi Kant , Agrawal Kriti , Hui Hui , Qin Yue , Rana Tariq M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a potent stimulant that induces a euphoric state but also causes cognitive impairment, neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental deficits. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which METH causes neurodevelopmental defects have remained elusive. Here we utilized human cerebral organoids and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the effects of prenatal METH exposure on fetal brain development. We analyzed 20,758 cells from eight untreated and six METH-treated cerebral organoids and found that the organoids developed from embryonic stem cells contained a diverse array of glial and neuronal cell types. We further identified transcriptionally distinct populations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes within cerebral organoids. Treatment of organoids with METH-induced marked changes in transcription in multiple cell types, including astrocytes and neural progenitor cells. METH also elicited novel astrocyte-specific gene expression networks regulating responses to cytokines, and inflammasome. Moreover, upregulation of immediate early genes, complement factors, apoptosis, and immune response genes suggests a neuroinflammatory program induced by METH regulating neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Finally, we observed marked METH-induced changes in neuroinflammatory and cytokine gene expression at the RNA and protein levels. Our data suggest that human cerebral organoids represent a model system to study drug-induced neuroinflammation at single-cell resolution.
Alternative promoters control UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism in prostate cancer and its influence on progression
Authors: Lévesque Eric , Labriet Adrien , Hovington Hélène , Allain Éric P. , Melo-Garcia Luciana , Rouleau Michèle , Brisson Hervé , Turcotte Véronique , Caron Patrick , Villeneuve Lyne , Leclercq Mickaël , Droit Arnaud , Audet-Walsh Etienne , Simonyan David , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Guillemette Chantal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Perturbation of the major UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism pathway has the potential to affect prostate cancer (PCa) progression. The objective was to evaluate UGT2B17 protein expression in primary tumours in relation to hormone levels, disease characteristics and cancer evolution.

Methods
We conducted an analysis of a high-density prostate tumour tissue microarray consisting of 239 localised PCa cases treated by radical prostatectomy (RP). Cox proportional hazard ratio analysis was used to evaluate biochemical recurrence (BCR), and a linear regression model evaluated variations in circulating hormone levels measured by mass spectrometry. The transcriptome of UGT2B17 in PCa was established by using RNA-sequencing data.

Results
UGT2B17 expression in primary tumours was associated with node-positive disease at RP and linked to circulating levels of 3α-diol-17 glucuronide, a major circulating DHT metabolite produced by the UGT2B17 pathway. UGT2B17 was an independent prognostic factor linked to BCR after RP, and its overexpression was associated with development of metastasis. Finally, we demonstrated that distinctive alternative promoters dictate UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism in localised and metastatic PCa.

Conclusions
The androgen-inactivating gene UGT2B17 is controlled by overlooked regulatory regions in PCa. UGT2B17 expression in primary tumours influences the steroidome, and is associated with relevant clinical outcomes, such as BCR and metastasis.
Blocking the autocrine regulatory loop of Gankyrin/STAT3/CCL24/CCR3 impairs the progression and pazopanib resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Yuning , Hong Tianyu , Cheng Bing , Gan Sishun , Chen Linbao , Zhang Jing , Zuo Li , Li Jian , Cui Xingang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe poor prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients is due to progression and targeted drug resistance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. This study examined the biological function and related mechanisms of gankyrin in ccRCC based on the results of our previous study. To this end, in vitro functional experiments; in vivo models of subcutaneous tumor formation, lung metastasis, and orthotopic ccRCC; and antibody chip detection, co-IP, ChIP assays were performed to examine the biological role and molecular mechanisms of gankyrin in ccRCC. Two hundred fifty-six ccRCC patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts to examine the prognostic value of gankyrin and other markers through IHC and statistical analyses. We observed that the gankyrin-overexpressing ccRCC cell lines 786-O and 769-P exhibited increased proliferation, invasion, migration, tumorigenicity, and pazopanib resistance and decreased apoptosis, while gankyrin knockdown achieved the opposite results. Mechanistically, gankyrin recruited STAT3 via direct binding, and STAT3 binding to the CCL24 promoter promoted its expression. Reciprocally, an increase in autocrine CCL24 enhanced the expression of gankyrin and STAT3 activation via CCR3 in ccRCC, forming a positive autocrine-regulatory loop. Furthermore, in vivo experimental results revealed that blocking the positive loop through gankyrin knockdown or treatment with the CCR3 inhibitor SB328437 reversed the resistance to pazopanib and inhibited lung metastasis in ccRCC. Moreover, a positive correlation between gankyrin and STAT3 or CCL24 expression in ccRCC specimens was observed, and improved accuracy for ccRCC patient prognosis was achieved by combining gankyrin and STAT3 or CCL24 expression with existing clinical prognostic indicators, including the TNM stage and SSIGN score. In summary, targeting the gankyrin/STAT3/CCL24/CCR3 autocrine-regulatory loop may serve as a remedy for patients with advanced ccRCC, and combining gankyrin and STAT3 or CCL24 expression with the current clinical indicators better predicts ccRCC patient prognosis.
Tripartite phase separation of two signal effectors with vesicles priming B cell responsiveness
Authors: Wong Leo E. , Bhatt Arshiya , Erdmann Philipp S. , Hou Zhen , Maier Joachim , Pirkuliyeva Sona , Engelke Michael , Becker Stefan , Plitzko Jürgen , Wienands Jürgen , Griesinger Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntibody-mediated immune responses rely on antigen recognition by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and the proper engagement of its intracellular signal effector proteins. Src homology (SH) 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 65 kDa (SLP65) is the key scaffold protein mediating BCR signaling. In resting B cells, SLP65 colocalizes with Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa (CIN85) in cytoplasmic granules whose formation is not fully understood. Here we show that effective B cell activation requires tripartite phase separation of SLP65, CIN85, and lipid vesicles into droplets via vesicle binding of SLP65 and promiscuous interactions between nine SH3 domains of the trimeric CIN85 and the proline-rich motifs (PRMs) of SLP65. Vesicles are clustered and the dynamical structure of SLP65 persists in the droplet phase in vitro. Our results demonstrate that phase separation driven by concerted transient interactions between scaffold proteins and vesicles is a cellular mechanism to concentrate and organize signal transducers.
Stroma remodeling and reduced cell division define durable response to PD-1 blockade in melanoma
Authors: Galvani Elena , Mundra Piyushkumar A. , Valpione Sara , Garcia-Martinez Pablo , Smith Matthew , Greenall Jonathan , Thakur Rohit , Helmink Beth , Andrews Miles C. , Boon Louis , Chester Christopher , Gremel Gabriela , Hogan Kate , Mandal Amit , Zeng Kang , Banyard Antonia , Ashton Garry , Cook Martin , Lorigan Paul , Wargo Jennifer A. , Dhomen Nathalie , Marais Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved unprecedented results in melanoma, the biological features of the durable responses initiated by these drugs remain unknown. Here we show the genetic and phenotypic changes induced by treatment with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade in a genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma driven by oncogenic BRAF. In this controlled system anti-PD-1 treatment yields responses in ~35% of the tumors, and prolongs survival in ~27% of the animals. We identify increased stroma remodeling and reduced expression of proliferation markers as features associated with prolonged response. These traits are corroborated in two independent early on-treatment anti-PD-1 melanoma patient cohorts. These insights into the biological responses of tumors to ICI provide a strategy for identification of durable response early during the course of treatment and could improve patient stratification for checkpoint inhibitory drugs.
Edge-driven nanomembrane-based vertical organic transistors showing a multi-sensing capability
Authors: Nawaz Ali , Merces Leandro , de Andrade Denise M. , de Camargo Davi H. S. , Bof Bufon Carlos C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effective utilization of vertical organic transistors in high current density applications demands further reduction of channel length (given by the thickness of the organic semiconducting layer and typically reported in the 100 nm range) along with the optimization of the source electrode structure. Here we present a viable solution by applying rolled-up metallic nanomembranes as the drain-electrode (which enables the incorporation of few nanometer-thick semiconductor layers) and by lithographically patterning the source-electrode. Our vertical organic transistors operate at ultra-low voltages and demonstrate high current densities (~0.5 A cm−2) that are found to depend directly on the number of source edges, provided the source perforation gap is wider than 250 nm. We anticipate that further optimization of device structure can yield higher current densities (~10 A cm−2). The use of rolled-up drain-electrode also enables sensing of humidity and light which highlights the potential of these devices to advance next-generation sensing technologies.
Light intensity-induced photocurrent switching effect
Authors: Podborska Agnieszka , Suchecki Maciej , Mech Krzysztof , Marzec Mateusz , Pilarczyk Kacper , Szaciłowski Konrad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA better control over processes responsible for the photocurrent generation in semiconductors and nanocomposites is essential in the fabrication of photovoltaic devices, efficient photocatalysts and optoelectronic elements. Therefore, new approaches towards photochemical properties tuning are intensively searched for. Among numerous parameters, the photocurrent polarity is of great importance to the overall performance of a device. Usually, the polarity is controlled through an alignment of electronic states/bands, tailoring of applied potential or suitable selection of incident light wavelengths. In most scenarios though, the influence of light intensity is somehow neglected and either some arbitrarily chosen, natural conditions are mimicked or this parameter is varied only in a narrow range. Here we present a ternary nanocomposite in which the persistent photocurrent polarity switching is achieved through changes in the light intensity. We also present arguments suggesting this behaviour is of a general character and should be considered also in other photochemical systems.
A 12-lead electrocardiogram database for arrhythmia research covering more than 10,000 patients
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Zhang Jianming , Danioko Sidy , Yao Hai , Guo Hangyuan , Rakovski Cyril 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis newly inaugurated research database for 12-lead electrocardiogram signals was created under the auspices of Chapman University and Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine) and aims to enable the scientific community in conducting new studies on arrhythmia and other cardiovascular conditions. Certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, have a pronounced negative impact on public health, quality of life, and medical expenditures. As a non-invasive test, long term ECG monitoring is a major and vital diagnostic tool for detecting these conditions. This practice, however, generates large amounts of data, the analysis of which requires considerable time and effort by human experts. Advancement of modern machine learning and statistical tools can be trained on high quality, large data to achieve exceptional levels of automated diagnostic accuracy. Thus, we collected and disseminated this novel database that contains 12-lead ECGs of 10,646 patients with a 500 Hz sampling rate that features 11 common rhythms and 67 additional cardiovascular conditions, all labeled by professional experts. The dataset consists of 10-second, 12-dimension ECGs and labels for rhythms and other conditions for each subject. The dataset can be used to design, compare, and fine-tune new and classical statistical and machine learning techniques in studies focused on arrhythmia and other cardiovascular conditions.