bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Has the implementation of time-based-targets for emergency department length-of-stay influenced the quality of care for patients? A systematic review of qualitative literature
Authors: Walker Katie , Honan Bridget , Haustead Daniel , Mountain David , Gangathimmaiah Vinay , Martini Ella , Forero Roberto , Mitchell Rob , Tesch Greg , Bissett Ian , Jones Peter , Nagree Yusuf , Middleton Paul , Liew Danny 
Published: January 2021

abstractBackgroundTime-based-targets for emergency department length-of-stay were introduced in England in 2000; followed by Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia after emergency department crowding was associated with poor quality of care and increased mortality.ObjectivesThe aim of the systematic review was to evaluate qualitative literature to investigate how implementing time-based-targets for emergency department length-of-stay has influenced the quality of care of patients.MethodsSystematic review of qualitative studies that described knowledge, attitudes to or experiences regarding a time-based-target for emergency department length-of-stay. Searches were conducted in Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, CInAHL, Emerald, ABI/Inform, and Informit. Individual studies were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Individual study findings underwent thematic analysis. Confidence in findings was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach.ResultsThe review included thirteen studies from four countries, incorporating 617 interviews. Themes identified were: quality of care, access block and overcrowding, patient experience, staff morale and workload, intrahospital and interdepartmental relationships, clinical education and training, gaming, and enablers and barriers to achieving targets. The confidence in findings is moderate or high for most themes. More patient and junior doctor perspectives are needed.ConclusionsEmergency time-based-targets have impacted on the quality of emergency patient care. The impact can be both positive and negative and successful implementation depends on whole hospital resourcing and engagement with targets.FundingThe Australasian College for Emergency Medicine provided administrative support for the study, no funding was received.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42019107755 (prospective)
An increase in atypical petal numbers during a shift to autogamy in a coastal sand verbena and potential evolutionary mechanisms
Authors: LoPresti Eric F. , Mickley James G. , Darby Addison , Eckert Christopher G. , Foisy Michael , Girvin Cecilia , Jaeger Sierra , Toll Katherine , Van Natto Alyson , Weber Marjorie G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPremiseIn plants, meristic traits, such as petal and sepal numbers, are usually considered invariant within taxa, yet certain species consistently exhibit great variability in these traits. The factors contributing to “atypical” counts are not well-known, published hypotheses include relaxation of pollinator selection, inbreeding, and hybridization, among others. The sand verbenas,Abronia(Nyctaginaceae), usually have five perianth lobes (‘petals’), yet certain taxa exhibit marked departures from this norm.MethodsHere we integrate an analysis of images from community science data (iNaturalist) and common garden experiments to evaluate a comprehensive set of adaptive and nonadaptive explanations for the production of these ‘atypical’ flowers across an evolutionary transition from xenogamy (outcrossing) to autogamy (selfing) in the coastal sand verbenaAbronia umbellata.Key resultsThe shift to autogamy in this lineage correlated with a higher frequency of atypical flowers from ~7% to ~20% and a significant reduction in mean petal number per inflorescence. Autogamous success did not change with petal number, and neither hybridization or up to three generations of inbreeding consistently increased production of atypical flowers or decreased mean petal number, all in contrast to previously-published hypotheses. In contrast, intra-inflorescence, inter-plant (intra-population), inter-population, and inter-variety comparisons demonstrated a correlation of reduced floral size with reduced petal number, suggesting correlated evolution due to a well-established relation between organ number and meristem size.ConclusionsThe reduction in petal number was probably a consequence of selection for smaller flowers associated with increased selfing. While we could not completely eliminate several alternative hypotheses, including a long-term history of inbreeding or relaxed selection on petal number constancy, those are less likely to explain the observed changes, though they may have contributed to the trend. In general, we develop a framework of hypotheses for evolutionary investigations of meristic variation in floral organs.
Non-clinical safety profile and pharmacodynamics of two formulations of the anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix
Authors: Uckun Fatih M. , Orhan Cemal , Powell Joy , Sahin Emre , Ozercan Ibrahim H. , Volk Michael , Sahin Kazim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHere, we demonstrate that the two distinct formulations of our anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX) have a very favorable safety profile in Wistar Albino rats at dose levels comparable to the projected clinical dose levels. 14-day treatment with RJX-P or RJX-B similarly elevated the day 15 tissue levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as ascorbic acid in both the lungs and liver in a dose-dependent fashion. The activity of SOD and ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in tissues of RJX-P or RJX-B treated rats than vehicle-treated control rats (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between tissues SOD activity or ascorbic acid levels of rats treated with RJX-P vs. rats treated with RJX-B (p>0.05). The observed elevations of the SOD and ascorbic acid levels were transient and were no longer detectable on day 28 following a 14-day recovery period. These results demonstrate that RJX-P and RJX-B are bioequivalent relative to their pharmacodynamic effects on tissue SOD and ascorbic acid levels.
Autoimmune anti-DNA antibodies predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gomes Claudia , Zuniga Marisol , Crotty Kelly A. , Qian Kun , Lin Lawrence Hsu , Argyropoulos Kimon V. , Li Huilin , Cotzia Paolo , Rodriguez Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 can lead to severe disease and death, however the mechanisms of pathogenesis in these patients remain poorly understood. High levels of autoimmune antibodies have been observed frequently in COVID-19 patients but their specific contribution to disease severity and clinical manifestations remain unknown.We performed a retrospective study of 115 COVID-19 hospitalized patients with different degrees of severity to analyze the generation of autoimmune antibodies to common antigens: a lysate of erythrocytes, the lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and DNA.High levels of IgG autoantibodies against erythrocyte lysates were observed in a large percentage (up to 41%) of patients. Anti-DNA antibodies determined upon hospital admission correlated strongly with later development of severe disease, showing a positive predictive value of 89.5% and accounting for 22% of total severe cases. Statistical analysis identified strong correlations between anti-DNA antibodies and markers of cell injury, coagulation, neutrophil levels and erythrocyte size.Anti-DNA autoantibodies may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and could be developed as a predictive biomarker for disease severity and specific clinical manifestations.
Efficient Prediction of Microplastic Counts from Mass Measurements
Authors: Tan Shuyao , Taylor Joshua , Passeport Elodie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicroplastics must be characterized and quantified to assess their impact. Current quantification procedures are time-consuming and prone to human error. This study evaluates the use of machine learning to estimate the number of microplastic particles based on aggregate particle weight measurements. Synthetic datasets are used to test the performance of linear regression, kernel ridge regression and decision trees. Kernel ridge regression achieves the strongest performance, and it is also tested with experimental datasets. The numerical results show that the algorithm is better at predicting the counts of larger and more homogeneous samples, and that contamination by organics does not significantly increase error. In mixed samples, prediction error is lower for heavier particles, with an error rate comparable to or better than that of manual counting. Overall, the proposed method is faster and easier than current approaches.
The RAG1 Ubiquitin Ligase Domain Enhances the Assembly and Selection of T Cell Receptor Genes to Restrain the Autoimmune Hazard of Generating T Cell Receptor Diversity
Authors: Burn Thomas N. , Miot Charline , Gordon Scott M. , Culberson Erica J. , Diamond Tamir , Kreiger Portia A. , Hayer Katharina E. , Bhattacharyya Anamika , Jones Jessica M. , Bassing Craig H. , Behrens Edward M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRAG1/RAG2 (RAG) endonuclease-mediated assembly of diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes by V(D)J recombination is critical for the development and immune function of T and B cells. However, this process creates highly self-reactive cells that must be properly selected to suppress autoimmunity. The RAG1 protein contains a ubiquitin ligase domain that stabilizes RAG1 and stimulates RAG endonuclease activityin vitro. We report that mice with a mutation that inactivates the RAG1 ubiquitin ligasein vitroexhibit modestly reduced thymic cellularity, decreased assembly and altered repertoires of T cell receptor (TCR) β and α genes in thymocytes, and impaired thymocyte developmental transitions that require the assembly of TCRβ or α genes and signaling by their proteins. These RAG1 mutant mice also exhibit less efficient positive selection and superantigen-mediated negative selection of conventional αβ T cells, 2) impaired differentiation of iNKT lineage αβ T cells, and 3) CD4+αβ T cells with elevated autoimmune potential. Our findings demonstrate that the RAG1 ubiquitin ligase domain functionsin vivoto stimulate the assembly and selection of TCRβ and TCRα genes, thereby establishing replete diversity of αβ TCRs and αβ T cell lineages while restraining the inherent autoimmune hazard of generating diverse antigen specificities.
Determinants of M&A acquisition premium: a social capital perspective
Authors: Nguyen Huy Will , Zhu Zhu , Jung Young Hoon , Kim Dong Shin 
Published: January 2021

PurposeWhat determines the level of acquisition premium? This paper aims to investigate the effect of acquirers’ social capital as reflected through their network position (structural holes and network density) on the level of acquisition premiums.Design/methodology/approachThis study predicts acquisition premiums using a panel data set of 324 mergers and acquisition (M&A) transactions including 161 unique acquirers over a 21-year timeframe. M&A and alliance information are obtained from the securities data company platinum database; firm financial data are obtained from the COMPUSTAT database.FindingsThe results show that alliance network social capital provides acquiring firms with information benefits, thus, reducing the acquisition premium. However, such information benefits are also contingent on target valuation uncertainty and acquirers’ structure exploitation tendency.Practical implicationsDifferent types of network structures provide different social capital influences: managers should be aware of their advantages and pitfalls when engaging in M&As. The findings suggest that firms should pay close attention to social capital when making decisions regarding acquisition premiums.Originality/valuePast research has indicated that acquiring firms tend to overestimate the value of target firms. Still, little attention has been paid to organizational-level social capital in analyzing the determinants of acquisition premiums. This study offers insight into the effect of network structure on M&A acquisition premiums.
Ambiguous practices and conflicting interests: why immigrants end up in uncertain employment
Authors: Lindheim Tone 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate why many immigrants end up in uncertain employment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes a qualitative case study of three nursing homes in Oslo (Norway), which investigates immigrant employment and recruitment-related practices. Practice theory is used as the theoretical and methodological framework. The study takes an ethnographic approach and combines participant observation, semi-structured shadowing, qualitative interviews and document review.FindingsThe recruitment practice, as it is accomplished, is different from the practice that is prescribed in the formal recruitment policy. The configuration of the recruitment-related practices locks in the recruitment practice and reproduces the social order. The net effect of the recruitment-related practices is that immigrant employees remain in uncertain employment.Research limitations/implicationsA practice-theoretical approach, analyzing organizational practices as they are accomplished in space and time and not as isolated activities defined by their purpose, provides a richer understanding of the complexity and connectedness of organizational practices. Combining practice theory and institutional perspectives, the paper demonstrates how normative and regulative mediators order and align related practices. The study demonstrates the importance of examining the configuration of practices to understand how the net effect of related practices affects those who dwell in them, in this case immigrants pursuing secure and stable employment.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field of diversity management by using practice theory to explain why measures for enhancing immigrant employment may not have the intended effect because they are interwoven in a nexus of practices with conflicting interests that (un)intentionally undermine the measures.
Ecological conservation through COREMAP program governance perspectives in empowering coastal communities in Bahari village
Authors: Didi La 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to reviewing community empowerment in ecological conservation through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP). This research is under a governance perspective, namely transparency, accountability and community participation in Bahari Village, South Buton District, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in three ways: they are interviews, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods.FindingsThe empowerment of coastal village communities through the COREMAP program is not fully managed properly referring to the principles of transparency, accountability and participatory. In addition, the role of stakeholders is not maximal, where the government and the companion are not able to provide solutions to the problem of community empowerment while the apathetic community in the implementation of empowerment program. So that empowerment does not fully have a positive impact on coastal communities. While the sustainability of the empowerment program is threatened with failure, which has an impact on COREMAP's environmental damage and coastal communities.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is that the study was conducted on coastal communities in ecological conservation through the COREMAP program in Bahari Village, South Buton Regency.
Evaluating a programming topic using GitHub data: what we can learn about machine learning
Authors: Dello Vicario Paolo , Tortolini Valentina 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define a methodology to analyze links between programming topics and libraries starting from GitHub data.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper developed an analysis over machine learning repositories on GitHub, finding communities of repositories and studying the anatomy of collaboration around a popular topic such as machine learning.

Findings
This analysis indicates the significant importance of programming languages and technologies such as Python and Jupyter Notebook. It also shows the rise of deep learning and of specific libraries such as Tensorflow from Google.

Originality/value
There exists no survey or analysis based on how developers influence each other for specific topics. Other researchers focused their analysis on the collaborative structure and social impact instead of topic impact. Using this methodology to analyze programming topics is important not just for machine learning but also for other topics.
A quantitative approach for evaluating intervention-value relations: historic mosques of Manisa, Turkey
Authors: Büyükkılıç Koşun Suna , Hamamcıoğlu Turan Mine 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis study aims to propose a systematic way of evaluating the impact of historic and current interventions on cultural asset values of monuments that have preserved their authentic functions so that future interventions can be better guided.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on the Mosque typology. The case studies are chosen from a region that has a rich historic background, but has generally undergone rapid urbanization and faces extensive restorations today. Conventional site survey, archive and historical research and visual analysis are made, but the evaluation process has been designed. As a result, scale and intensity of interventions and disasters and the vulnerability of the monument should be identified for each period of the asset. Variations in the intensity of esthetic or historic qualities and the environmental settings should be credited, rather than the utilitarian necessities.FindingsMosques and their environs are most vulnerable in terms of their architectural authenticity and site aesthetics.Originality/valueThe objects studied in the previous studies present a variation, but the majority of the work is carried out with conventional evaluation methods with the emphasis on building scale. However, the mosques are affected by the interventions and disasters, not only as single architectural entities but also as the focal elements of their neighborhoods. So, the intervention-value relations should be understood both for building and site scales. An evaluation process is proposed for understanding the change of values with respect to interventions and disasters throughout history by combining qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Critical success factors in the supply chain management of essential medicines in the public health-care system in Malawi
Authors: Kaupa Feston , Naude Micheline Juliana 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to report on a study that investigated the critical success factors (CSFs) in the supply chain management of essential medicines in the public health-care delivery system in Malawi.

Design/methodology/approach
The exploratory and descriptive study followed a qualitative and quantitative research approach. Data were collected by means of semistructured interviews and a questionnaire administered to suppliers of essential medicines, regulators, donors and logistics companies in Malawi. Data was analyzed using SPSS.

Findings
The findings revealed that the significant CSFs are knowledge of disease patterns and prevalence, skills and experience of personnel, adequate financial resources, collaboration with supply chain partners and an efficient procurement and distribution system.

Research limitations/implications
There were a number of limitations in this study. Although every effort was made to carefully and purposefully select the participants for the in-depth interviews in the first phase of the study and the respondents for the questionnaire in the second phase of the study, they were not randomly selected. As such, the findings cannot be generalised to all stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain in Malawi. However, they can be used as a basis for further research on the topic.

Originality/value
No previous studies that deal with the identification of CSFs in the Malawi pharmaceutical supply chain were found. Therefore, this research makes a twofold contribution to the body of knowledge in the field. First, it identifies CSFs; second, it could assist stakeholders in the public health-care service delivery system in Malawi with regard to how they can improve the supply of essential medicines.
The delicate balance of communicational interests: A Bakhtinian view of social media in health care
Authors: Ukoha Chukwuma , Stranieri Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to use the writings of Mikhail Bakhtin to reveal new insights into the role and impact of social media in health-care settings.

Design/methodology/approach
With the help of Bakhtin’s constructs of dialogism, polyphony, heteroglossia and carnival, the power and influences of the social media phenomenon in health-care settings, are explored.

Findings
It is apparent from the in-depth analysis conducted that there is a delicate balance between the need to increase dialogue and the need to safeguard public health, in the use of social media for health-related communication. Bakhtin‘s constructs elucidate this delicate balance and highlight the need for health-care providers that use social media to find the right balance between these competing communicational priorities.

Originality/value
This paper advances a nascent theoretical approach to social media research. By applying Bakhtinian ideas to consumer health informatics, this paper has the potential to open a new approach to theorizing the role of social software in health-care settings. Stakeholders in digital health will find this paper useful, as it opens up dialogue to further discuss the role of social media in health care.
Determining and representing value in creative placemaking
Authors: Vaughan Josephine , Maund Kim , Gajendran Thayaparan , Lloyd Justine , Smith Cathy , Cohen Michael 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to address the research gap about value in the holistic discourse of creative placemaking. It identifies and synthesises the often discounted social and environmental values of creative placemaking along with typically emphasised economic values.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper builds upon two research phases; first, a review and extraction of creative placemaking value indicators from relevant current urban, cultural and planning literature; and second, the identification of relevant, practice-based, value indicators through interviews with 23 placemaking experts including practitioners, urban planners, developers and place managers from the two largest cities of NSW, Australia; Sydney and Newcastle.

Findings
This study identifies three broad thematics for valuing creative placemaking along with several sub-categories of qualitative and quantitative indicators. These indicators reveal the holistic value of creative placemaking for its key stakeholders, including expert placemakers, designers, building developers, government and community groups. A key conclusion of the research is the need for tools that grasp the interconnected, and at times conflicting, nature of placemaking’s social, economic and environmental outcomes.

Originality/value
While a variety of value indicators exist to understand the need for ongoing resourcing of creative placemaking, stakeholders identified the limitations of current approaches to determine, represent and appraise the value of creative placemaking. The indicators of value proposed in this research consolidate and extend current discourse about the value of creative placemaking specifically. The indicators themselves have profound practical implications for how creative placemaking is conceived, executed and evaluated. Theoretically, the study builds on the deep relationships between values and practice in creative placemaking, as well as critiquing narrow forms of evaluation that entrench economic benefits over other outcomes.