bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow slip of blind fault associated with the 2019Ms 6.0 Changning earthquake in fold-and-thrust belt in salt mines of Southeast Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Ying-Hui , Hu Jyr-Ching , Chen Qiang , Lei Xinglin , Zhao Jingjing , Li Weile , Xu Rui , Chiu Chun-Ying 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYAn earthquake with a magnitude of Ms 6.0 and shallow focal depth of ∼4 km struck the Changning county, Sichuan province, China on 2019 June 17. The hypocentre is located in the fold-and-thrust belt with plentiful shale gas and salt mine resources. One hypothesis is that the shallow fault could be affected by the artificial pressure water injection including the disposal of wastewater, fracking shale gas extraction and salt mining in Changning area. In this study, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images, historical earthquakes, aftershocks and seismic reflection data were collected to jointly investigate the characteristics of the 2019 Changning earthquake. The source model inferred from the InSAR coseismic deformation observation reveals that the 2019 Changning earthquake is attributed to a blind fault dipping to southwest with dominant thrust and sinistral strike slip. Moreover, a small shallow fault developing within the Changning anticline was triggered by the main shock, which contributed to the surface displacements as observed in the north of the epicentre. The estimated maximum slip of 0.49 m is located at the depth of ∼1.9 km, ∼9 km northwest of the epicentre. The Coulomb failure stress change caused by the previous two large earthquakes, which occurred in the hydraulic fracturing area, suggesting that they have little effect on the initial rupture of the 2019 Changning earthquake. Despite this, they have a positive triggering effect on the fault rupture in the northwest of the seismogenic fault. In addition, the analysis on the relation between the positive Coulomb failure stress change and the aftershocks suggests that the aftershocks may have different motion patterns from the main shock. The analysis also shows the earthquakes occurrence in the seismogenic zone may be affected by the high pore pressure due to the long-term injection of salt mining for more than three decades.
Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship
Authors: Gad Yehia Z , Hassan Naglaa Abu-Mandil , Mousa Dalia M , Fouad Fayrouz A , El-Sayed Safaa G , Abdelazeem Marwa A , Mahdy Samah M , Othman Hend Y , Ibrahim Dina W , Khairat Rabab , Ismail Somaia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The molecular Egyptology field started in the mid-eighties with the first publication on the ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of an Egyptian mummy. Egypt has been a major interest for historians, archeologists, laymen as well as scientists. The aDNA research on Egyptian biological remains has been fueled by their abundance and relatively well-preserved states through artificial mummification and by the advanced analytical techniques. Early doubts of aDNA integrity within the Egyptian mummies and data authenticity were later abated with studies proving successfully authenticated aDNA retrieval. The current review tries to recapitulate the published studies presenting paleogenomic evidence of disease diagnosis and kinship establishment for the Egyptian human remains.
Regarding disease diagnosis, the prevailing literature was on paleogenomic evidence of infectious diseases in the human remains. A series of reports presented evidence for the presence of tuberculosis and/or malaria. In addition, there were solitary reports of the presence of leprosy, diphtheria, bacteremia, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis. On the contrary, paleogenomic evidence of the presence of rare diseases was quite scarce and mentioned only in two articles.
On the other hand, kinship analysis of Egyptian human remains, including that of Tutankhamen, was done using both mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA markers, to establish family relationships in four studies.
It is clear that the field of molecular Egyptology is still a largely unexplored territory. Nevertheless, the paleogenomic investigation of Egyptian remains could make significant contributions to biomedical sciences (e.g. elucidation of coevolution of human host–microbe interrelationship) as well as to evidence-based archeology.
The legal supremacy of legislative initiatives in judicial proceedings: The Israeli lesson
Authors: Yosef Bell E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article reveals an evolving judicial doctrine, in which the Supreme Court of Israel postpones, removes, dismisses, or even dismisses in limine petitions, due to the mere existence of legislative initiative with respect to the petition’s issue. The article analyzes the way the Court uses the doctrine, and offers a normative analysis of this phenomenon. The main argument is that the judicial use of the doctrine leads to deprivation of the petitioners’ rights, gives (too) much power to the state legal counsels, leans on uncertain and unforeseeable situations, and damages the fundamental principle of the rule of law. On the other hand, the judicial use of the doctrine promotes and enhances constitutional dialogue, as well as preserving judicial resources (and judicial legitimacy in particular) and the professionality of the legislation. Henceforth, the article also introduces an effort to balance between the doctrine different consequences, by presenting a set of criteria for a more reasoned, coherent, and analytical use of that doctrine.
The Scope of Investors’ Legitimate Expectations under the FET Standard in the European Renewable Energy Cases
Authors: Biggs Jack 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the 2000s, several European states sought to increase foreign investment in their renewable energy sectors. Those governments later wound back those financial incentives. This resulted in dozens of investment disputes. One of the key issues in those disputes was whether the decision to amend or withdraw financial incentives breached investors' legitimate expectations under the fair and equitable treatment standard. This article argues that investors' legitimate expectations should operate analogously to the concept of estoppel. Therefore, if a state makes a clear commitment to induce investment (this includes commitments in legislation), and an investor reasonably relies on that commitment, then the state should not be able to renege on that commitment without generating liability for breaching the fair and equitable treatment standard.
Repeat aortic valve surgery: contemporary outcomes and risk stratification
Authors: François Katrien , De Backer Laurent , Martens Thomas , Philipsen Tine , Van Belleghem Yves , Bové Thierry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Redo aortic valve surgery (rAVS) is performed with increasing frequency, but operative mortality is usually higher compared to that associated with primary aortic valve surgery. We analysed our patients who had rAVS to determine the current outcomes of rAVS as a surgical benchmark in view of the growing interest in transcatheter valve techniques.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 148 consecutive patients [median age 67.7 years (interquartile range 54.9–77.6); 68.2% men] who underwent rAVS following aortic valve replacement (81.6%), aortic root replacement (15%) or aortic valve repair (3.4%) between 2000 and 2018.

RESULTS
Indications for rAVS were structural valve dysfunction (42.7%), endocarditis (37.8%), non-structural valve dysfunction (17.7%) and aortic aneurysm (2.1%). Valve replacement was performed in 69.7%, and 34 new root procedures were necessary in 23%. Early mortality was 9.5% (n = 14). Female gender [odds ratio (OR) 6.16], coronary disease (OR 4.26) and lower creatinine clearance (OR 0.95) were independent predictors of early mortality. Follow-up was 98.6% complete [median 5.9 (interquartile range 1.7–10.9) years]. Survival was 74.1 ± 3.7%, 57.9 ± 5.1% and 43.8 ± 6.1% at 5, 10 and 14 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed female gender [hazard ratio (HR) 1.73], diabetes (HR 1.73), coronary disease (HR 1.62) and peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.98) as independent determinants of late survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite many urgent situations and advanced New York Heart Association functional class at presentation, rAVS could be performed with acceptable early and late outcomes. Risk factors for survival were female gender, coronary disease and urgency. In this all-comers patient cohort needing rAVS, only a minority would eventually qualify for transcatheter valve-in-valve procedures.
A detailed explantation assessment protocol for patients with left ventricular assist devices with myocardial recovery
Authors: Monteagudo Vela María , Rial Bastón Verónica , Panoulas Vasileios , Riesgo Gil Fernando , Simon Andre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for end-stage heart failure patients has been on the rise, providing a reliable long-term option. For some LVAD patients, longer term LV unloading leads to recovery; hence, the need for evaluating potential myocardial recovery and weaning eligibility has emerged.

METHODS
All patients who underwent contemporary LVAD explantation at our institution between 2009 and 2020 were included in the study. Patients in New York Heart Association I, left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;40%, a cardiac index &gt;2.4 l/min and a peak oxygen intake &gt;50% predicted underwent a 4-phase weaning assessment. A minimally invasive approach using a titanium plug was the surgery of choice in the most recent explants. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate the survival at 1 and 5 years.

RESULTS
Twenty-six patients (17 HeartMate II, 9 HeartWare) underwent LVAD explantation after a median 317 days of support [IQ (212–518)], range 131–1437. Mean age at explant was 35.8 ± 12.7 years and 85% were males. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was the underlying diagnosis in 70% of cases. Thirteen (48%) patients were on short-term mechanical circulatory support and 60% required intensive care unit admission prior to the LVAD implantation. At 1 year, Kaplan–Meier estimated survival was 88%, whereas at 6 years, it was 77%. The average left ventricular ejection fraction at 1 year post-explant was 44.25% ± 8.44.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of a standardized weaning protocol (echocardiographic and invasive) and a minimally invasive LVAD explant technique minimizes periprocedural complications and leads to good long-term device-free survival rates.
Development and psychometric properties of the Caring Behaviors Assessment Tool Nursing Version-Short Form
Authors: Akgün Mehtap , Kavradim Selma Turan , Boz İlkay , Özer Zeynep 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Caring Behaviors Assessment Tool Nursing Version-Short Form (CBAN-SF) based on the Theory of Human Caring to assess the nurses’ perceptions about caring behaviors.

Design
This study is based on the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist.

Setting
The study was conducted at the medical-surgical services of Akdeniz University Hospital between October 2019 and January 2020.

Participants
This study was conducted with 216 nurses working in the surgery and internal clinics.

Main Outcome Measures
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the CBAN-SF with 27 items.

Results
It was found that the Content Validity Index (CVI) for the items of the draft scale was between 0.972 and 1.00 and the instrument’s CVI had an average score of 0.994. The CBAN-SF had good fit indexes (chi-square goodness of fit / degrees of freedom = 2.914, root mean square error of approximation = 0.075, comparative fit index = 0.984, non-normed fit index = 0.983, normed fit index = 0.972 and standardized root mean square residuals = 0.054) in structural validity. For internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman–Brown and the Guttman split-half coefficients were all 0.974. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the seven subfactors of the scale ranged between 0.793 and 0.904 and had acceptable internal consistency. The item-total score correlation of the scale was 0.648–0.829, and the factor loadings were 0.455–0.769.

Conclusion
The structural validity, internal consistency and content validity of the CBAN-SF supported to be a reliable and valid tool for assessment of caring behaviors by nurses.
Natural language processing to measure the frequency and mode of communication between healthcare professionals and family members of critically ill patients
Authors: Lucini Filipe R , Krewulak Karla D , Fiest Kirsten M , Bagshaw Sean M , Zuege Danny J , Lee Joon , Stelfox Henry T 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo apply natural language processing (NLP) techniques to identify individual events and modes of communication between healthcare professionals and families of critically ill patients from electronic medical records (EMR).Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 280 randomly selected adult patients admitted to 1 of 15 intensive care units (ICU) in Alberta, Canada from June 19, 2012 to June 11, 2018. Individual events and modes of communication were independently abstracted using NLP and manual chart review (reference standard). Preprocessing techniques and 2 NLP approaches (rule-based and machine learning) were evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC).ResultsOver 2700 combinations of NLP methods and hyperparameters were evaluated for each mode of communication using a holdout subset. The rule-based approach had the highest AUROC in 65 datasets compared to the machine learning approach in 21 datasets. Both approaches had similar performance in 17 datasets. The rule-based AUROC for the grouped categories of patient documented to have family or friends (0.972, 95% CI 0.934–1.000), visit by family/friend (0.882 95% CI 0.820–0.943) and phone call with family/friend (0.975, 95% CI: 0.952–0.998) were high.DiscussionWe report an automated method to quantify communication between healthcare professionals and family members of adult patients from free-text EMRs. A rule-based NLP approach had better overall operating characteristics than a machine learning approach.ConclusionNLP can automatically and accurately measure frequency and mode of documented family visitation and communication from unstructured free-text EMRs, to support patient- and family-centered care initiatives.
Development and Validation of an LC–MS-MS Method for the Quantification of Cyanate in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Toxicokinetic Bioanalysis
Authors: Renkecz Tibor , Scopchanova Sirma , Hirka Gábor , Szakonyiné Ilona Pasics 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cyanate has been recognized as a uremic toxin that can adversely affect the clinical status of patients with chronic kidney disease. Besides, its toxicity has been under investigation in mammalian toxicology. If such studies are supplemented with toxicokinetic sampling and bioanalysis, additional information can be acquired about the systemic exposure. In order to serve this need, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method was elaborated and validated for the quantification of cyanate in rat plasma using its isotope-labeled analog for internal standard. Cyanate was converted to a product compatible with reverse-phase LC–MS-MS via a two-step derivatization reaction with the reagent—anthranilic acid. It was observed that this reagent solution contains the reaction products even if prepared freshly in ultrapure water. The phenomenon was interpreted as the presence of urea and its reactivity with anthranilic acid. Contrary to previous research results where fresh anthranilic acid solution was recommended to use, we have found that the aging of the reagent solution is a crucial factor to eliminate the interference. Thereafter, the optimal pH was selected for the plasma sample and processing conditions. Bioanalytical validation and incurred sample reanalysis confirmed the reliability of the method when the intermediate reaction product was used for detection. Only one freeze–thaw cycle stability could be proven, which highlighted the need to collect two sample aliquots whenever possible. Real samples were analyzed in a toxicity study to evaluate systemic exposure of potassium cyanate at three dose levels. Further on, this method might be adapted to provide additional information about the pathophysiological concentration of cyanate in patients with chronic kidney disease for therapeutic support.
Reputation Concerns in Risky Experimentation
Authors: Chen Chia-Hui , Ishida Junichiro , Suen Wing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh-ability agents are more likely to achieve early success in risky experimentation, but learn faster that their project is not promising. These counteracting effects give rise to a signaling model with double-crossing property. This property tends to induce homogenization of quitting times between types, which in turn leads to some pooling in equilibrium. Low-ability agents may hold out to continue their project for the prospect of pooling with the high type, despite having a negative instantaneous net payoff. A war-of-attrition mechanism causes low-ability agents to quit only gradually over time, and to stop quitting for a period immediately before all agents exit.
Puer barbatus: Precocious Puberty in Early Modern Medicine
Authors: Janssen Diederik F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
During early modernity, medico-legal concerns with timing puberty gave way to physiological and medical-hygienic concerns with pubertal timing. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century medical-jurisprudential tracts isolated rare cases of conception before the legal marriage age. Scattered reports of “monstrously” early menarche and “prodigious” male puberty were offered from the latter half of the seventeenth century. Tied to excess heat, moisture, plethora and climate since antiquity, in the second half of the eighteenth century pubertal timing attracted sustained commentary regarding the purported role of social stressors, from novel-reading to diet and trousers. Both the known variability and strikingly outlying instances of pubertal timing thus provided an inroad to unravelling such perennial explanatory devices as temperament, constitution, and life style. Despite and in part because of its explanatory significance in early modern physiology, leading eighteenth-century nosologists did not yet itemize precocious puberty. One precocious boy described in the 1740s, the Willingham Prodigy, provided the best documented early medical and public response. Formal nosological interest followed by the 1760s, initially under Haller’s heading of excessive growth (incrementum nimium, tied to enhanced circulation) and only much later under Meckel the Younger’s heading of premature development (vorschnelle Entwicklung).
COVID-19 in Pediatric Long-Term Care: How Infection Control and Prevention Practices Minimized the Impact of the Pandemic on Healthcare Providers and Residents
Authors: Neu Natalie , Nee MariCris , Savitt Joseph , Schneider Connelly Laura , Choi JieSue , Mosiello Linda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Children in pediatric long-term care (LTC) facilities are commonly infected with respiratory tract viruses as they have many high-risk co-morbidities and require significant interactions with the healthcare team. From previous studies, we know that infected staff can often be the source of transmission of infection to the children. If instituted quickly, infection control practices can help mitigate the spread of infection. We will describe how Sunshine Children’s Home and Rehabilitation Center responded to federal and state infection control and prevention mandates in LTC for COVID-19. We will report our practice changes, staff and resident screening, and testing results as well as outcomes of the COVID-19-infected cases. The outcomes for COVID-19 infection among pediatric LTC staff and residents are in stark contrast to the data available for the adult providers and residents in adult nursing homes. Implementation and change in infection control practices and procedures resulted in much fewer cases of COVID-19 infection in our pediatric LTC residents.
Retroperitoneal mature cystic teratoma involving the left adrenal gland in a 75-year-old male: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tojal André , Santos Natália , Vicente João , Carrilho Noel , Casimiro Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal teratomas involving adrenal glands are extremely uncommon, particularly in elderly males. Only a few case reports have been documented in the literature so far. We report a mature cystic retroperitoneal teratoma in the region of left adrenal gland in an asymptomatic 75-year-old male patient. It was incidentally found on an abdominal computed tomography scan and was thought to be an adrenal adenoma. Because of its relatively large size and the patient’s request, he underwent a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a benign mature cystic retroperitoneal teratoma in the region of the left adrenal gland. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and is free of recurrence after 20 months of follow-up. Considering the diagnostic difficulty of retroperitoneal teratoma by radiologic imaging, and its risk of malignancy, surgical resection via a minimally invasive approach would be the best diagnostic and therapeutic option. A literature review on teratomas is included.
“It Will Take a Man Person with you to … Keep the Place Up”: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Common White Households
Authors: Doyle Patrick J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article provides fresh insight on the ways in which the American Civil War challenged and destabilized understandings of familial and gendered power within the Confederate States. It is well established that the impressive extent of the Confederacy’s military mobilization significantly altered the gendered demographics and dynamics of the home front. While not rejecting this orthodox view, this article does challenge its tendency to overemphasize the extent to which the rural South was sapped of men. In doing so, it not only underscores the important roles some men, most notably those too old for military service, continued to play in ordinary households but also how this pattern unsettled familial power in terms of generation and age as well as gender. Finally, this article endeavors to excavate the more quotidian experience of Confederate common white families and, in order to do so, utilizes three microbiographies of specific households from the state of South Carolina.
Buruli ulcer in a traveller returning from Madagascar: the first report of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection from the region
Authors: Sepulcri Chiara , Di Biagio Antonio , Tutino Stefania , Valente Umberto , Barbieri Ramona , Marchese Anna , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: October 2020

We describe a case of Buruli ulcer diagnosed by tissue culture and PCR in a Caucasian male returning from Madagascar where he served as a health-care worker in the Antsiranana region.
To the best of our knowledge, this could be the first case of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection reported in Madagascar.