bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of maltose negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African dairy herds
Authors: Karzis Joanne , Petzer Inge-Marié , Donkin Edward F. , Naidoo Vinny , Etter Eric M. C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The discovery of antimicrobials in the 1930s was one of the greatest achievements in medicine. However, bacterial resistance to antimicrobials was already observed in the 1940s and has been reported since then in both human and veterinary medicine, including in dairy cows. Many years of monitoring milk samples in South Africa, has led to the identification of a new strain of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is maltose negative and appears to be an emerging pathogen. In this study the differences in susceptibility to antimicrobials of this strain were evaluated over time, over different seasons, in different provinces, and according to somatic cell count (SCC) categories. Results A data set of 271 maltose negative S. aureus isolates, cultured from milk samples from 117 herds out of the estimated 2000 commercial dairy herds in South Africa between 2010 and 2017, was studied using the disk diffusion method. This analysis was done using the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints in order to compare using both the previous (Intermediate category grouped with Resistant) and current definitions, (Intermediate category grouped with Susceptible). The results of the analysis between the previous and the current definitions differed for tylosin, cefalonium, oxy-tetracycline and cloxacillin. Neither the analysis using the previous nor the current systems showed an effect of province for the maltose negative S. aureus. This was in contrast to the results for maltose positive S. aureus where differences between provinces were shown in a previous study, with the lowest prevalence of resistance shown in KwaZulu-Natal during spring. For the susceptibility testing of 57 maltose negative and 57 maltose positive S. aureus isolates from 38 farms, from KwaZulu Natal, Eastern Cape and Western Cape. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results for the maltose negative S. aureus isolates confirmed the results of the disk diffusion method. Conclusions The maltose negative strains of S. aureus differed in general, in their antimicrobial resistance patterns over time, in comparison to maltose-positive S. aureus strains. MIC testing also indicated that more multidrug -resistant isolates were seen with the maltose negative S. aureus than in the maltose positive strains.
Changes in production performance, antioxidant capacity and immune status of meat ducks under different rearing systems
Authors: Guo Yifan , Wang Yushi , Liu Zhengting , Guo Xiang , Deng Yan , Ouyang Qingyuan , Liu Hehe , Hu Shenqiang , Hu Bo , Li Liang , He Hua , Xia Lu , Zhang Rongping , Wang Jiwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

As potential substitutes of traditional free-range rearing, floor rearing system (FRS) and net rearing system (NRS) are currently predominant dryland rearing systems. In this study, a total of 720 Nonghua ducks were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two rearing systems (FRS and NRS) and three ages (4w, 8w, and 13w) to study the effects of FRS and NRS on production performance, antioxidant capacity and immune status.
Results

The production performance was mainly affected at 8w. Body weight, average daily gain, eviscerated weight and semi-eviscerated weight were higher in NRS at 8w, but carcass yield was decreased at 8w and 13w (P < 0.05). Lipid deposition was enhanced in NRS with higher sebum and abdominal fat yield at 8w and 13w (P < 0.05). NRS resulted in the liver developmental retardation at 4w and decreased gizzard index at all ages (P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity was not affected by rearing systems (P > 0.05), but a tendency of better antioxidant capacity in NRS at 4w was found, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was higher in NRS at 13w (P < 0.05). Spleen and thymus were promoted in NRS and immune cytokines were extensively affected by rearing system (P < 0.05), exhibiting general higher profiles of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, immunoglobulins in NRS. Serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, and ALP) indicated NRS was better for liver health, and in liver, ALP was higher in FRS at 13w, while ALP and IFN-γ in 13w-FRS were both higher than 4w-FRS and 8w-FRS (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Compared with FRS, NRS was conducive to production performance and duck liver health to some extent but it had defects in visceral organ development and lipid deposition. Though antioxidant capacity was not significantly affected, NRS ducks might have better antioxidant capacity at the early stage of breeding, while GSH-Px activity was increased for scavenging excess free radicals at the later one. NRS increased the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, immunoglobulins in serum and promoted the development of thymus and spleen to improve duck immune function. These results revealed the physiological impacts of FRS and NRS on ducks and provided a reliable reference for rearing system selection.
E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7-mediated ubiquitination of EZH2 prevents type I diabetes in NOD mice
Authors: Tian Jiamei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Shanshan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Type I diabetes (T1D) is a heritable autoimmune disease targeting pancreatic beta cells. This study explores the molecular mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 in reducing the occurrence of T1D.
Methods

The protein expression of FBW7, EZH2, and ZBTB16 was quantified in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of streptozotocin-induced T1D. Next, splenocytes and pancreatic beta cells were isolated to measure production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes, as well as islet beta-cell apoptosis. Besides, the stability of EZH2 induced by FBW7 was analyzed by cycloheximide chase assay. The binding affinity of FBW7 and EZH2 and the consequence of ubiquitination were monitored by immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Last, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was employed to determine the accumulation of EZH2 and H3K27me3 at the ZBTB16 promoter region.
Results

We found downregulated FBW7 and ZBTB16, and upregulated EZH2 in diabetic NOD mice. Overexpression of FBW7 in the NOD mice inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the splenocytes and the apoptosis of islets beta cells. FBW7 destabilized EZH2 and accelerated ubiquitin-dependent degradation. EZH2 and H3K27me3 downregulated the ZBTB16 expression by accumulating in the ZBTB16 promoter and methylation.
Conclusion

FBW7 upregulates the expression of ZBTB16 by targeting histone methyltransferase EZH2 thus reducing the occurrence of T1D.
Identification of Genes in Patients for Predicting Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: wei hongyun , zhang qian , chi xiaosa , yang xiaohui , tian zibin , ren linlin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) has been considered as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, effective biomarkers for predicting UC-associated CRC are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to screen biomarkers associated with UC-related CRC, which could be used to evaluate UC-associated CRC early, and provide possible mechanisms involved in UC-associated CRC. Efficient bioinformatics analysis could help us to explore potential biomarkers.MethodsTwo public datasets, including 44 UC without CRC samples and 17 UC-associated CRC samples were chosen from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Sva package was used to remove batch effects, and then we screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with limma package. STRING and Cytoscape were used to achieve protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The survival curves between high and low gene expression were performed by log rank test based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) program. The expression of three identified hub genes was validated based on Oncomine. To validate the expression of three hub genes, we compared the expression of three hub genes between normal and colorectal cancer based on Oncomine.Results405 DEGs were identified, including 256 down-regulated genes and 149 up-regulated genes in UC-associated CRC tissues. 16 hub genes were identified. And among them, RPL6, RPL7, and RPL35 were related to poor prognosis of patients in survival analysis. Higher expression of RPL6, RPL7, and RPL35 was validated in CRC tissues based on Oncomine.ConclusionsOur study showed that overexpressed RPL6, RPL7, and RPL 35 may be potential tumor oncogenes and could act as a prognostic factor in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Millennial-scale changes in sea-surface temperature and productivity along the Kuroshio–Oyashio boundary during MIS-19 based on the radiolarian record from the Chiba composite section, central Japan
Authors: Itaki Takuya , Utsuki Sakura , Haneda Yuki , Izumi Kentaro , Kubota Yoshimi , Suganuma Yusuke , Okada Makoto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A high-resolution radiolarian record from 800 to 750 ka was examined from the Chiba composite section (CbCS) of the Kokumoto Formation, including the GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) for the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary, on the Boso Peninsula, Pacific side of central Japan. Total radiolarian abundance was closely related to biological productivity in the surface layer and was observed to increase and repeatedly decrease in the millennial-scale period. Summer SST (sea-surface temperature), which was estimated based on the radiolarian assemblage, was 19°C at the end of MIS-20 (790-793 ka) and fluctuated between 21 and 26°C during MIS-19, with the warm periods tending to be synchronous with high productivity. Recent observations have revealed that productivity increases with a northward shift of the Kuroshio along the Kuroshio-Oyashio boundary zone. Therefore, high productivity in the warmer and stratified conditions during MIS-19 can be interpreted as being closely related to millennial-scale oscillations of the Kuroshio Extension. Such millennial-scale climatic changes were also recognized in southern Europe and are likely related to shifts in climate systems such as AO (Arctic Oscillations) and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillations).
Economic Condition Affects Breast Cancer Care- A Cross Sectional Study in Bangladesh.
Authors: Akhtar Khursheda , Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Akhtar Khodeza , Nahar Shamsun , Elahi Md Qudrat E , Hossain Sharmin , Islam Md Ariful 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Socio- economic condition plays a role on taking decision for cancer treatment beside this out pocket expenditure is a headache for cancer patients. For that, pattern of financial assistance for breast cancer treatment and associated factors were explored. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out with 200 samples; those were selected randomly from the listed patients who attended in the day care centre of chemotherapy. Results: Maximum respondents first visited to health care provider at II and III stage with first symptom as lump on breast or axilla, no patients came at stage I. Along with family and neighbor, social welfare also play a positive role to assist finance . Donation was the major means to collect money and two or three sources were needed at a time for collecting money. In chi square (χ 2) test, economic condition had a significant role on care seeking. Simultaneously by ANOVA it was found that mean difference was more at age 31-40 year of age. After 50 years, care seeking time was intersect, here Main effect of age was F (1, 192) = 1.92, p=0.162; Main effect of economic condition was F (3, 192) =0.27, p=0.847; Inter effect was F (2, 192) = 1.77, p=0.154. Conclusion: After knowing cancer, she and her family member become puzzled to collect money. For that necessary measure should be taken to easy availability of expenditure cost. It is recommended to launch public health insurance as soon as possible.
Overexpression of programmed cell death-1 on circulatory Th1 and Th2 cells in cardiac arrest patients in the early period after the return of spontaneous circulation
Authors: Yu Yanan , Li Chunsheng , Xie Miaorong , Tang Ziren , Li Jiabao , Hang Chenchen , Shao Fei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In patients with immune disorders, the role of T-helper (Th) cells immediately following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest is unclear. We evaluated the influence of plasma cytokine and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on circulating Th1 and Th2 cells and elucidated their role in immune function immediately following ROSC. Methods: We enrolled 92 non-consecutive cardiac arrest patients that experienced ROSC between 6 and 24 h post-cardiac arrest as well as 40 healthy controls. Outcome data were collected 28 days after ROSC. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed to determine Th1 and Th2 cell counts and PD-1 expression. The plasma levels of cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined. Results: Compared with those in healthy individuals, Th1 and Th2 cell counts and Th1/Th2 cell ratios in CA patients after ROSC were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The percentages of PD-1 expression were significantly higher in Th1 and Th2 cells (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in Th1 and Th2 cell expression of PD-1 between survivors and non-survivors. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in ROSC patients were significantly higher during the early period (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Th1 and Th2 cell expression of PD-1 is upregulated in the period immediately following ROSC in cardiac arrest patients and may be responsible for the observed immunosuppression in these patients during this period.
Simulation-based modeling of urban waterlogging in Khulna City
Authors: Sarkar Showmitra Kumar , Rahman Md. Atikur , Esraz-Ul-Zannat Md. , Islam Md. Feroz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Khulna City is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The city experiences frequent waterlogging during extreme rainfall events. This research prepared a drainage simulation model considering climate change issues for investigating the extent of waterlogging in the city. Watershed and precipitation were analyzed to examine the existing scenario of the study area. Finally, a Mike Urban-based hydrological simulation model was formulated to investigate the severity of waterlogging. As found by precipitation analysis, 180 mm, 346 mm, and 396 mm rainfall might occur for the 5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return period, respectively. This research identified that volume of overland flow might be affected by climate change-induced rainfall. According to the simulation, 62.52% of the study area was waterlogged with different inundation depths. It was found that traffic movements were severely disrupted and structures were hampered due to waterlogging. 45% paved, 77% brick soling, and 65% unpaved roads were inundated by different inundation levels. On the other hand, 61.1% of structures of the study area were affected by waterlogging. The findings of the research might help the concerned authority in decision-making, especially for the drainage and water-related issues, to solve the waterlogging.
Экспериментальное исследование механических свойств материалов в виде гранул и чипсов для заполнения костных дефектов
Authors: Filippenko V.A. , Mezentsev V.O. , Karpinsky M.Yu. , Karpinska O.D. 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. Одним из осложнений при выполнении эндопротезирования является наличие костных дефектов в зоне установки компонентов эндопротеза. Этот факт негативно влияет на прочность их фиксации и взаимоориентацию между компонентами эндопротеза и костями. Для заполнения таких дефектов используют ауто- или аллокость, цемент, керамику, металл, углерод, полимеры и др. Для заполнения относительно небольших дефектов используют эти материалы в виде сыпучей субстанции: чипсы, гранулы. Но прочностные свойства материалов в виде гранул и чипсов значительно отличаются от цельного блока из того же материала. Цель: изу-чить в эксперименте механические свойства материалов в виде гранул и чипсов для заполнения костных дефектов. Материалы и методы. Исследовали такие материалы: губчатую кость, гидроксилапатитную керамику, бифазную керамику, и смеси: кортикальная + губчатая кость, гидроксилапатитная керамика + губчатая кость, бифазная керамика + губчатая кость. Все материалы были представлены в виде шарообразных гранул диаметром 6–8 мм. В эксперименте испытывали по 5 образцов каждого материала. Результаты. В результате проведенного экспериментального исследования были получены значения величин просадки материалов для заполнения костных дефектов под влиянием сжимающей нагрузки и рассчитаны величины относительной деформации для каждого материала. Проведенный дисперсионный анализ показал, что по показателям относительной деформации исследуемые материалы статистически значимо отличались друг от друга при каждой величине нагрузки. Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования показали, что под воздействием сжимающих нагрузок среди исследованных сыпучих заполнителей костных дефектов наименьшую величину относительной деформации показали гранулы из гидросилапатитной (6,37 %) и бифазной (10,2 %) керамики. Наибольшую относительную деформацию показали заполнители на основе костной ткани губчатой (до 17,46 %) и кортикально-губчатой (до 16,89 %). Костно-керамическая смесь по величине относительной деформации (15,71 %) занимает промежуточную позицию, но ближе к заполнителям из костной ткани.
Расчет прочностных характеристик композитного материала на основе полилактида, трикальцийфосфата и гидроксиапатита
Authors: Khvisyuk O.N. , Pavlov O.D. , Karpinsky M.Yu. , Karpinska O.D. 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. В ортопедии и травматологии для изготовления винтов и фиксационных штифтов, пластин и анкеров, кейджей все чаще используются полимерные материалы, которые резорбируются и растворяются в биологических жидкостях. Часто используют имплантаты из L-полимолочной кислоты. Повысить качество биоматериалов на основе полилактида (PLA) возможно путем введения в их состав керамических материалов. Однако имплантаты с различным процентным соотношением и составом керамического материала различаются свойствами прочности. Цель: рассчитать механические характеристики композитного материала на основе PLA трикальцийфосфата (ТКФ) и гидроксиапатита (ГА) и выбрать его оптимальный состав для изготовления пластин для остеосинтеза длинных костей. Материалы и методы. Проведен расчет модуля упругости композитных материалов с различным содержанием керамических компонентов, а также определены геометрические параметры пластин для накостного остеосинтеза из выбранного композитного материала. Результаты. Оптимальным может быть вариант материала с процентным составом PLA — 70 %, ТКФ — 20 % и ГА — 10 %. Такой материал не требует значительного увеличения толщины пластины, но сохранит достаточные текучие свойства для использования в 3D-принтере. Для обеспечения жесткости фиксации отломков голени на уровне пластины из титана пластину из композитного материала на основе PLA, 20 % трикальцийфосфата и 10 % гидроксиапатита необходимо изготовить в два раза толще, чем титановую. Выводы. Примесь 20 % трикальцийфосфата и 10 % гидроксиапатита к PLA позволяет повысить модуль упругости материала до 19,91 ГПа. Пластины из чистого PLA слишком мягкие и должны быть в три раза толще титановых для обеспечения аналогичной жесткости фиксации. Композитный материал с примесью 20 % трикальцийфосфата и 10 % гидроксиапатита позволяет уменьшить необходимую толщину пластин для остеосинтеза голени на 30 %.
Анализ структуры и антибиотикорезистентности этиологически значимых возбудителей хронической инфекции нижних дыхательных путей у детей с муковисцидозом, проживающих в г. Днепре
Authors: Ilchenko S.I. , Fialkovska A.O. , Skriabinа K.V. 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. Хроническое инфекционное воспаление нижних дыхательных путей, которое формируется на основе генетического дефекта уже в первые годы жизни, является ключевым фактором у больных муковисцидозом (МВ) и определяет прогноз заболевания. Спектр микроорганизмов, которые идентифицируются в нижних дыхательных путях, является весьма специфическим для МВ, но существуют динамические изменения, региональные различия по фенотипам и чувствительности к антибиотикам. Цель исследования — мониторинг результатов микробиологического исследования мокроты детей г. Днепра, больных МВ, для определения особенностей местного профиля возбудителей, их чувствительности к антибиотикам и изменений спектра за период с 2008 по 2019 год. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 37 детей с МВ в возрасте от 1 до 18 лет. Всем больным МВ было проведено микробиологическое исследование мокроты с определением видовой принадлежности выделенных штаммов бактерий и чувствительности к антибиотикам. Также проанализированы 1257 результатов микробиологического исследования мокроты больных МВ — жителей Днепропетровской области за 2008–2018 годы. Результаты. Выявлено, что за последние 10 лет в структуре этиологически значимых патогенов хронической инфекции нижних дыхательных путей у детей с муковисцидозом наблюдается постепенное увеличение доли Staphylococcus aureus и Pseudomonas aeruginosa при уменьшении распространенности Haemophilus influenzae. Установлено, что большинство выделенных штаммов Staphylococcus aureus были резистентными к действию незащищенных аминопенициллинов, карбоксипенициллинов, цефалоспоринов I и II генераций. Мукоидные штаммы Pseudomonas aeruginosa характеризовались достаточно высоким уровнем антибиотикорезистентности к защищенным цефалоспоринам III и IV поколений, фторхинолонам. Выводы. За период наблюдения с 2008 по 2019 год видовой состав микробиоты дыхательных путей у детей с МВ в г. Днепре не изменился, однако существенно изменилось соотношение высеваемых микроорганизмов. Staphylococcus aureus и Pseudomonas aeruginosa остаются ведущими патогенами инфекций нижних дыхательных путей у больных МВ, однако отмечается рост резистентности указанных патогенов к современным антибактериальным препаратам. Определение уровня резистентности микроорганизмов у конкретного больного способствует адекватному подбору антибактериальных препаратов для лечения обострений хронической бронхолегочной инфекции в соответствии с разработанными протоколами лечения и препятствует селекции устойчивых штаммов микроорганизмов.