bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of disaster awareness factors and evacuation experiment without emergency alarm: fire case study
Authors: Adhiutama Akbar , Darmawan Rony , Nuraeni Shimaditya , Pambudi Noorhan Firdaus , Mulyono Nur Budi 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe lack of studies about the relevance of disaster awareness factors and disaster evacuation as a part of disaster responses especially for fire cases in an academic environment in Indonesia has triggered this study to explore the disaster awareness factors and evacuation experiment without emergency alarm for case study students in the classroom. The relevance of disaster awareness factors in transforming into practical action and decision in a disaster evacuation need to be examined to study the relevance of both phases in disaster.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducted a quantitative approach by studying questionnaires from 162 respondents collectively divided into five groups to examine the student disaster awareness factors randomly from those groups. The qualitative approach was implemented through the evacuation experiments that were conducted twice to analyze the disaster evacuation performance. The analysis for the relevance is conducted by comparing the result of the questionnaire study and the evacuation experiment.FindingsAccording to the questionnaire study, generally, the students are highly confident with their hazard knowledge in disaster awareness except that half of them are doubtful about appropriate steps in a disaster. The experiment without explosive sound showed that they have slower responses in the critical moment of evacuation. The response in the experiments showed relevance with several disaster awareness factorsResearch limitations/implicationsThis study has explored the relevance of disaster awareness factors with disaster response in a campus building. In the part of reducing risk during fire disaster, this research shows the importance of social interaction and hazard knowledge during the disaster.Practical implicationsThe improvement of disaster evacuation procedures and training in a campus building is mandatory to reduce disaster risk based on the relevance of disaster awareness factors and disaster response in this study.Originality/valueThis study measures the relevance of disaster awareness factors performance of the students by comparing it to their actions and decisions in an experimental setting of fire building. The disaster awareness factor performance was measured by a questionnaire survey while the experiments were deployed to observe the performance of their actions and decisions during evacuation as part of the disaster response phase.
Identification of knowledge assets in construction projects and their impact on project performance
Authors: Singla Harish Kumar , Shrivas Abhishek , Sharma Ashu 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe previous researchers have identified human capital, relational capital and structural capital as knowledge assets in knowledge-driven organizations. The current study is an attempt to identify and validate the knowledge assets in construction projects. The study also aims to understand the interrelation of these knowledge assets and their impact on project performance through the development of a conceptual model.Design/methodology/approachThe study is divided into three phases. In phase I, the constructs of “knowledge assets” and “project performance” in construction projects are identified using the exploratory factor analysis. In phase II, these constructs are validated using confirmatory factor analysis. Two separate surveys are conducted for phase I and phase II, respectively. In phase III, the authors develop two conceptual models based on the literature review and two construction project cases in India. The models examine the inter-relationship of knowledge assets and measures their impact on project performance. The models are empirically tested using the responses of the second survey through a structural equation model.FindingsThe study extracts four knowledge asset constructs and one performance construct which are named human capital, structural capital, relational capital, human capital capacity building process and project performance, respectively. The study finds that both the conceptual models are statistically excellent fit. The results of the models suggest that relational capital and structural capital have a direct positive impact on project performance, whereas human capital has an indirect effect on project performance mediated through relational capital, structural capital and human capital capacity building process.Research limitations/implicationsThe items for knowledge asset constructs and measurement of project performance are moderated by experts, working in construction projects in India, hence the process may contain subjective bias. Further, two construction project cases were selected by authors in the study that originate from India.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for the project executors (contractors) as well as for project owners. The contractors must maintain healthy relations with all the stakeholders in a project like a client, suppliers, architects, etc. They must develop systems that are people-friendly to avoid the problems of time and cost overruns in projects. The owners must also maintain healthy relations. This can result in a win-win situation for both parties and can lead to superior project performance.Originality/valueThe study develops and empirically tests two conceptual models that explain the interrelations of knowledge assets and how it benefits the construction project performance in India. Therefore, the generalization of the results is difficult; however, the results can be replicated in projects with similar settings.
Late Paleozoic Element Migration and Accumulation under Intracontinental Sinistral Strike‐slip Faulting in the West Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China
Authors: WANG Ye , CHEN Xuanhua , NIE Lanshi , DING Weicui , WANG Xueqiu , XU Shenglin , MA Feizhou , HAN Lele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe migration, accumulation and dispersion of elements caused by tectonic dynamics have always been a focus of attention, and become the basis of tectono‐geochemistry. However, the effects of faulting, especially strike‐slip faulting, on the adjustment of geochemical element distribution, are still not clear. In this paper, we select the West Junggar Orogenic Belt (WJOB), NW China, as a case study to test the migration behavior of elements under tectonic dynamics. The WJOB is dominated by NE‐trending large‐scale sinistral strike‐slip faults such as the Darabut Fault, the Mayile Fault, and the Baerluke Fault, which formed during the intracontinental adjustment under N–S compression during ocean‐continental conversion in the Late Paleozoic. Geochemical maps of 13 elements, Al, W, Sn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Fe, Ni, and Au, are analyzed for the effects of faulting and folding on element distribution at the regional scale. The results show that the element distribution in the WJOB is controlled mainly by two mechanisms during tectonic deformation: first is the material transporting mechanism, where the movement of geological units is consistent with the direction of tectonic movement; second is the diffusion mechanism, especially by tectonic pressure dissolution driven by tectonic dynamics, where the migration of elements is approximately perpendicular or opposite to the direction of tectonic movement. We conclude that the adjustment of element distributions has been determined by the combined actions of transporting and diffusion mechanisms, and that the diffusion mechanism plays an important role in the formation of geochemical Au blocks in the WJOB.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Oral TYK2 Inhibitor PF‐06826647: A Phase I, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Escalation Study
Authors: Singh Ravi Shankar P. , Pradhan Vivek , Roberts Erika S. , Scaramozza Matthew , Kieras Elizabeth , Gale Jeremy D. , Peeva Elena , Vincent Michael S. , Banerjee Anindita , Fensome Andrew , Dowty Martin E. , Winkle Peter , Tehlirian Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) may offer therapeutic promise in inflammatory conditions, with its role in downstream pro‐inflammatory cytokine signaling. In this first‐in‐human study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a novel TYK2 inhibitor, PF‐06826647, in healthy participants. This phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study included two treatment periods (single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD)) in healthy participants and a cohort of healthy Japanese participants receiving 400 mg q.d. or placebo in the MAD period (NCT03210961). Participants were randomly assigned to PF‐06826647 or placebo (3:1). Participants received a single oral study drug dose of 3, 10, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 1,600 mg (SAD period), then 30, 100, 400, or 1,200 mg q.d. or 200 mg b.i.d. for 10 days (MAD period). Safety (adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and clinical laboratory parameters), tolerability, and PK were assessed. Overall, 69 participants were randomized to treatment, including six Japanese participants. No deaths, serious AEs, severe AEs, or AEs leading to dose reduction or temporary/permanent discontinuation were observed. All AEs were mild in severity. No clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities or changes in vital signs were detected. PF‐06826647 was rapidly absorbed with a median time to maximum plasma concentration of 2 hours in a fasted state, with modest accumulation (< 1.5‐fold) after multiple dosing and low urinary recovery. PF‐06826647 was well‐tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile for doses up to 1,200 mg q.d. for 10 days, supporting further testing in patients.
Assessment of von Willebrand disease and pregnancy outcomes at regional Australian hospitals
Authors: Wilson Emily , Hanna Fayez , Hyppa Annemarie , Orlowski Ella , Dawar Hizb U. , Sanga Zar , Dennis Amanda , Pavlov Toly , Khalafallah Alhossain A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundvon Willebrand disease (vWD) is a heterogeneous hereditary bleeding disorder and is associated with risk of primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).Design and MethodsAn observational study at a tertiary referral centre in Australia of 16 women with 23 deliveries with a median age of 27.5 years (range, 21‐39; IQR = 9). Median gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks (range, 35‐41; IQR = 1.1).ResultsAll cases had type 1 vWD, apart from one case with type 2. Patients were managed in combined obstetrics and haematology clinics. PPH occurred in ten deliveries (44%). Intravenous desmopressin was administered in 6 cases, and IV human vWF was administered in 4 cases. Two cases with mild vWD had received oral tranexamic acid. The median Apgar score at 1 and 5 min was 9 (IQR = 1.0), while the median Apgar score at 10 min was 10.0 (IQR = 0.0). One case required transfusion of blood products postdelivery. There were no other significant complications observed.ConclusionsvWD was associated with a high incidence of primary PPH. Individualised treatment to restore haemostasis, according to the severity of the disease, could achieve as possible, normal haemostasis with favourable outcomes for both mothers and their infants. Further studies to confirm our findings are warranted.
Implementation challenges for seafarers’ social security protection: The case of the European Union
Authors: Carballo Piñeiro Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a world of competing flag States and short‐term employment, enjoying the benefits provided by a social security system is a difficult, if not impossible, task for many seafarers. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, has abandoned the flag State principle in favour of the residence principle for that reason. This article addresses the implementation challenges of this approach by examining the European Union case, and highlights the advantages of the residence principle in terms of administrative efficiency and effectiveness, enhanced coordination between social security contributions and personal income tax in cross‐border situations, and better use of State aid measures.
Influence of water activity on belite (β‐C2S) hydration
Authors: Cook Rachel , Ma Hongyan , Okoronkwo Monday , Sant Gaurav , Kumar Aditya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hydration of the two most reactive phases of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), tricalcium silicate (C3S), and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is successfully halted when the activity of water () falls below critical thresholds of 0.70 and 0.45, respectively. It has been established that the reduction in relative humidity (RH) and suppresses the hydration of all anhydrous phases in OPC, including less explored phases like dicalcium silicate, that is, belite (β‐C2S). However, the degree of suppression, that is, the critical threshold, for β‐C2S, standalone has yet to be established. This study utilizes isothermal microcalorimetry and X‐ray diffraction techniques to elucidate the influence of on the hydration of ‐C2S suspensions via incremental replacements of water with isopropanol (IPA). Experimentally, this study shows that with increasing IPA replacements, hydration is increasingly suppressed until eventually brought to a halt at a critical threshold of approximately 27.7% IPA on a weight basis (wt.%IPA). From thermodynamic estimations, the exact critical threshold and solubility product constant of ‐C2S () are established as 0.913 and 10−12.68, respectively. This study enables enhanced understanding of β‐C2S reactivity and provides thermodynamic parameters during the hydration of β‐C2S‐containing cementitious systems such as OPC‐based and calcium aluminate‐based systems.
Common causes of hair loss – clinical manifestations, trichoscopy and therapy
Authors: Alessandrini A. , Bruni F. , Piraccini B.M. , Starace M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe field of hair disorders is constantly growing. The most important hair diseases are divided in non‐ cicatricial and cicatricial ones. Non‐cicatricial alopecia are more frequent than cicatricial alopecia. The first step is to obtain a good history and physical examination. Laboratory testing is often unnecessary, while trichoscopy is fundamental for all hair diseases. Scalp biopsy is strongly suggested in cicatricial alopecia and in doubtful cases. Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania are common causes of non‐ cicatricial alopecia. Frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, follicullitis decalvans are some of the most common forms of cicatricial hair loss. Many treatments are available, and a prompt diagnosis is very important for the prognosis.
Chemical Composition, Knoop Hardness, Surface Roughness, and Adhesion Aspects of Additively Manufactured Dental Interim Materials
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Morillo Jorge Alberto , Att Wael , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo measure the chemical composition, Knoop hardness, surface roughness, and composite bond strength of additive manufactured (AM) and conventional interim materials.Material and MethodsDisks were prepared using conventionally (CNV group) and additively manufactured (AM group) materials: CNV‐1 (Protemp 4; 3M ESPE), CNV‐2 (Anaxdent new outline dentin; Anaxdent), AM‐1 (FreePrint temp; Detax), AM‐2 (E‐Dent 400 C&B MFH; Envisiontec), AM‐3 (NextDent C&B MFH; 3D Systems), and AM‐4 (Med620 VEROGlaze; Stratasys). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 20) for analyzing Knoop hardness (KHN), chemical composition, superficial roughness (Ra), and composite shear bond strength. The first subgroup was exposed to a microhardness test. Subsequently, EDAX analysis was selected to analyze the chemical composition. The second subgroup was selected to measure the superficial roughness (Ra) using a contact profilometer. The third subgroup was used to measured composite shear bond strength using a universal testing apparatus. A digital microscope was used to analyze the fracture mode. The Shapiro‐Wilk test showed normally distributed data. One‐way ANOVA and post hoc Sidak tests were selected (α = 0.05).ResultsMajor variances in chemical composition were observed among the specimens. Significant differences in Knoop hardness (p < 0.001) and surface roughness (p < 0.001) were detected. The AM‐4 (13.45 ± 2.93 KHN), the CNV‐2 (13.35 ± 5.84 KHN), the AM‐2 (13.03 ± 3.29 KHN), and the AM‐1 (12.55 ± 2.93 KHN) groups obtained the highest Knoop hardness values, followed by the AM‐3 and the CNV‐1 groups (p < 0.05). The AM‐1 group (1.88 ± 1.11 Ra) obtained the highest surface roughness values among the groups, followed by the AM‐3 group (0.90 ± 0.14 Ra) (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in shear bond strength values were found between the groups ranging from 23.18 ± 8.88 MPa to 33.29 ± 9.17 MPa (p = 0.061). All the groups showed a cohesive mode of failure.ConclusionsThe AM interim materials tested had significant chemical composition variations compared to conventional materials. For the mechanical properties evaluated, the AM materials obtained appropriate mechanical properties for use as an interim dental restoration. However, further studies are required to evaluate more extensively its mechanical properties and verify their applicability in the oral cavity, clinical behavior, and biocompatibility.
Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of paediatric cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei province, China
Authors: Wang Mengyi , Nie XiuQuan , Huang Shuqiong , Pi Wei , Wang Dongming , Zhou Min , Ma Jixuan , Li Mingyan , Chen Weihong 
Published: December 2020

AimThis study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of paediatric cases.MethodsInformation on 1369 paediatric cases with COVID‐19 from 8 December 2019 to 7 March 2020 in Hubei province was extracted from the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System. The analysis included epidemic curves, temporal–spatial distribution, clinical classification and interval times between onset and diagnosis.ResultsAmong 1369 paediatric cases, the median age was 9 years and 58.2% of them were males. The proportion of severe and critical cases in children was lower than that in adults and the proportion of asymptomatic cases in children was five times greater than for adult cases. The first paediatric case was reported on 2 January 2020, and the daily number of new paediatric cases remained high from 1 February through to 22 February. The epidemiological curve of paediatric cases lagged behind that of adults by 19 days, and the first spike of the epidemic curve in senior high school students occurred 1 week earlier than in other paediatric groups. The proportion of clustered cases among children was about twice that for adults. The median of the interval in paediatric cases between onset and diagnosis, isolation and notification were 3, 0 and 3 days, respectively, and all of those were significantly shorter than in adults.ConclusionsThe epidemic curve of child cases lagged behind that of adult cases by 19 days, and the major form of transmission observed was in clusters.
Civilian prehospital transfusion – experiences from a French region
Authors: Cassignol Arnaud , Marmin Julien , Mattei Pascal , Goffinet Léa , Pons Sandrine , Renard Aurélien , Demory Didier , Bordes Julien 
Published: December 2020

Background and objectivesHaemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of avoidable mortality in prehospital care. For several years, our centre has followed a procedure of transfusing two units of packed red blood cells outside the hospital. Our study’s aim was twofold: describe the patient characteristics of those receiving prehospital blood transfusions and analyse risk factors for the 7‐day mortality rate.Materials and methodsWe performed a monocentric retrospective observational study. Demographic and physiological data were recovered from medical records. The primary outcome was mortality at seven days for all causes. All patients receiving prehospital blood transfusions between 2013 and 2018 were included.ResultsOut of 116 eligible patients, 56 patients received transfusions. Trauma patients (n = 18) were younger than medical patients (n = 38) (P = 0·012), had lower systolic blood pressure (P = 0·001) and had higher haemoglobin levels (P = 0·016). Mortality was higher in the trauma group than the medical group (P = 0·015). In‐hospital trauma patients received more fresh‐frozen plasma and platelet concentrate than medical patients (P < 0·05). Predictive factors of 7‐day mortality included transfusion for trauma‐related reasons, low Glasgow Coma Scale, low peripheral oxygen saturation, prehospital intensive resuscitation, existing coagulation disorders, acidosis and hyperlactataemia (P < 0·05).ConclusionCurrent guidelines recommend early transfusion in patients with haemorrhagic shock. Prehospital blood transfusions are safe. Coagulation disorders and acidosis remain a cause of premature death in patients with prehospital transfusions.
First-Order Error-Adapted Eigen Perturbation for Real-Time Modal Identification of Vibrating Structures
Authors: Panda Satyam , Tripura Tapas , Hazra Budhaditya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new computationally efficient error adaptive first-order eigen-perturbation technique for real-time modal identification of linear vibrating systems is proposed. The existence of error terms in the approximation of the eigenvalue problem of response covariance matrix in a perturbative framework often hinders the convergence of response-only modal identification. In the proposed method, the error in first-order eigen-perturbation is incorporated using a feedback, formulated by exploiting the generalized eigenvalue decomposition of the real-time covariance matrix of streaming response data. Since the incorporation of the higher-order perturbation terms in the total perturbation is mathematically challenging, the proposed feedback approach provides a computationally efficient framework yet in a more elegant manner. A new criterion for the quality of updated eigenspace is proposed in the present work utilizing the concept of diagonal dominance. Numerical case studies and validation using a standard ASCE benchmark problem have shown applicability of the proposed approach in faster estimation of real-time modal properties and anomaly identification with minimal number of initially required batch data. The applicability of the proposed approach toward real-time under-determined modal identification problems is demonstrated using a real-time decentralized framework. The advantage of rapidly converging online mode-shapes is demonstrated using a passive vibration control problem, where a multi-tuned-mass-damper (MTMD) for a multi-degrees-of-freedom system is tuned online. An extension for online retuning of the detuned MTMD system further demonstrates the fidelity of the proposed algorithm in online passive control.