bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting intangible capital and labour productivity growth, 2000–2015
Authors: Roth Felix 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to revisit the relationship between intangible capital and labour productivity growth using the largest, up-to-date macro database (2000–2015) available to corroborate the econometric findings of earlier work and to generate novel econometric evidence by accounting for times of crisis (2008–2013) and economic recovery (2014–2015).Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these aims, this paper employs a cross-country growth accounting econometric estimation approach using the largest, up-to-date database available encompassing 16 EU countries over the period 2000–2015. The paper accounts for times of crisis (2008–2013) and of economic recovery (2014–2015). It separately estimates the contribution of three distinct dimensions of intangible capital: (1) computerized information, (2) innovative property and (3) economic competencies.FindingsFirst, when accounting for intangibles, the paper finds that these intangibles have become the dominant source of labour productivity growth in the EU, explaining up to 66 percent of growth. Second, when accounting for times of crisis (2008–2013), in contrast to tangible capital, the paper detects a solid positive relationship between intangibles and labour productivity growth. Third, when accounting for the economic recovery (2014–2015), the paper finds a highly significant and remarkably strong relationship between intangible capital and labour productivity growth.Originality/valueThis paper corroborates the importance of intangibles for labour productivity growth and thereby underlines the necessity to incorporate intangibles into today's national accounting frameworks in order to correctly depict the levels of capital investment being made in European economies. These levels are significantly higher than those currently reflected in the official statistics.
Designing a decision support system to evaluate the environmental and extra-economic performances of a nearly zero-energy building
Authors: Dell'Anna Federico , Bottero Marta , Becchio Cristina , Corgnati Stefano Paolo , Mondini Giulio 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe cost-optimal analysis is not able to address the multi-dimensionality of the decision according to the new European objectives and International sustainable development goals in the field of the nearly-zero energy building (NZEB) design. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for guiding energy investment decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the Preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations II (PROMETHEE II) application to support the project of transforming a rural building into a NZEB. The evaluation provides an estimate of the effects of alternative energy efficiency measures, involving energy consumption, life cycle costs, carbon emissions, property value and indoor comfort criteria. The study performs a multi-actors analysis in order to understand how different consumers' point of views can influence the final choice of the best investment. Furthermore, a multi-site analysis explores the spatial variation of NZEB building appreciation in the real estate market.FindingsThe PROMETHEE II-based model ranks 16 alternative solutions for the NZEB according to energy, economic and extra-economic criteria. The multi-actors analysis highlights the configuration of the NZEB building that best meets the needs of different end-users, respecting the European directives and national standards. The multi-site analysis concludes that location does not change users' appreciation and not influence the output for the best solution.Originality/valueThe MCDA occurs as a support tool that helps to optimize the preliminary design phase of NZEB through the exploration of the optimal solution considering crucial criteria in the energy and environmental and real estate market rules.
Effective medium theory and multiple linear regression‐based velocity estimation in syn‐rift clastic sequence of the Krishna–Godavari basin, India
Authors: Das Prabal Shankar , Chatterjee Rima , Dasgupta Sumangal 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAn inclusion model, based on the Kuster–Toksöz effective medium theory along with Gassmann theory, is tested to forward model velocities for fluid‐saturated rocks. A simulated annealing algorithm, along with the inclusion model, effectively inverts measured compressional velocity (VP) to achieve an effective pore aspect ratio at each depth in a depth variant manner, continuously along with depth. Early Cretaceous syn‐rift clastic sediments at two different depth intervals from two wells [well A (2160–2274 m) and well B (5222–5303 m)], in the Krishna–Godavari basin, India, are used for this study. Shear velocity (VS) estimated using modelled pore aspect ratio offers a high correlation coefficient (>0.95 for both the wells) with measured data. The modelled pore aspect ratio distribution suggests the decrease in pore aspect ratio for the deeper interval, mainly due to increased effective vertical stress. The pore aspect ratio analysis in relation to total porosity and volume of clay reveals that the clay volume has insignificant influence in shaping the pore geometry in the studied intervals. An approach based on multiple linear regression method effectively predicts velocity as a linear function of total porosity, the volume of clay and the modelled pore‐space aspect ratio of the rock. We achieved a significant match between measured and predicted velocities. The correlation coefficients between measured and modelled velocities are considerably high (approximately 0.85 and 0.8, for VP and VS, respectively). This process indicates the possible influence of pore geometry along with total porosity and volume of clay on velocity.
Gender Inequality, Social Reproduction and the Universal Basic Income
Authors: Lombardozzi Lorena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite extensive attention being paid to the effects of the Universal Basic Income (UBI) on society at large, there has been little analysis on the relationship between gender inequality and UBI. The purpose of this article is first to reflect on the feminist arguments in favour of UBI and then to examine some of these points by also considering other available policies. By looking into the role of women’s work in both productive and reproductive activities, it is argued that UBI should not be disregarded as a social policy. However, its transformative capacity to empower women and to strengthen their role in society should not be overestimated. In order to address this gap, policy makers should address misconceptions around gender norms and acknowledge the multiple forms of women’s work across the social relations of production and reproduction.
Urban Commoning as a Vehicle Between Government Institutions and Informality: Collective Gardening Practices in Tampere and Narva
Authors: Pikner Tarmo , Willman Krista , Jokinen Ari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the processes of urban commoning and its co‐produced features of urbanity, making the claim that, through these processes, informality becomes translated into institutionalized city planning. Commoning is analysed through a comparative study that utilizes contingent features of urbanity and three modalities accommodating the informality–formality meshwork during urban change. The article contributes to research on urban transformations by integrating commons, informality dynamics and the constitution of state institutions. This focus is elaborated with reference to collective gardening practices in the context of two of the less studied European cities, Narva in Estonia and Tampere in Finland. The results of the study indicate that urban commoning takes place through delegating a public mandate and enacting uncertainty, two processes that informalize city government practices. Particular differences appeared in regard to the institutional porosity that enables unregulated spaces of collective gardening to be mobilized as part of urban politics. We argue that networked movements appear as an essential part of the urban logic of action producing meaningful connections in an informal–formal meshwork and bringing together multiple sites in the commoning process.
Melanization induced by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h promotes viral replication
Authors: Li Zi‐Qi , Song Xiao‐Hui , Wang Min , Wang Shu , Huang Guo‐Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMelanization is an important innate immune defense mechanism of insects, which can kill invading pathogens. Most pathogens, for their survival and reproduction, inhibit the melanization of the host. Interestingly, our results suggested that after infection with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h), the speed of melanization in infected Spodoptera exigua larval hemolymph was accelerated and that the phenoloxidase (PO) activity of hemolymph in larvae infected with HvAV‐3h increased significantly (1.20‐fold at 96 hpi, 1.52‐fold at 120 hpi, 1.23‐fold at 144 hpi, 1.12‐fold at 168 hpi). The transcription level of the gene encoding S. exigua prophenoloxidase‐1 (SePPO‐1 gene) was upregulated dramatically in the fat body during the middle stage of infection. In addition, when melanization was inhibited or promoted, the replication of HvAV‐3h was inhibited or promoted, respectively. In conclusion, infection with HvAV‐3h can markedly induce melanization in the middle stage of infection, and melanization is helpful for HvAV‐3h viral replication.
Review of the accuracy of multi‐parametric MRI prostate in detecting prostate cancer within a local reporting service
Authors: Tsai Wei Che , Field Lee , Stewart Sophie , Schultz Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMulti‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is crucial in detecting prostate cancer (CaP) and staging local disease. The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) scoring system is used to assess and classify lesions and enables communication between clinicians and radiologists. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of PIRADSv2 in detecting CaP using histopathology specimens within our local service.MethodsThis retrospective study included 192 patients between September 2016 and May 2019. All had mpMRI prostate examinations prior to biopsy or prostatectomy. Lesions on MRI were assigned a PIRADS score and comparison made with histopathology results. Gleason score ≥7 was considered as clinically significant prostate cancer (csCaP). We calculated accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting all CaP and csCaP.ResultsIn the PIRADS 3 group, 32% were Gleason 6 and 32% were Gleason 7 lesions. In the PIRADS 4 group, 37% were Gleason 6 and 41% were Gleason ≥7. For PIRADS 5 lesions, 32% were Gleason 6 and 68% were Gleason ≥7. For all CaP, sensitivity was 84.7%, specificity 54.6%, PPV 82.3% and NPV 58.8%. For csCaP Gleason ≥7, PIRADS cut‐off ≥3 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 95.7%, 39.3%, 47.5% and 94.1%, respectively, and cut‐off ≥4 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 84.3%, 53.3%, 50.9% and 85.5%.ConclusionsThis study confirms PIRADS has high accuracy, sensitivity and NPV for detecting all CaP and csCaP. A high NPV may obviate need for biopsy in low‐risk patients.
MitoFinder: Efficient automated large‐scale extraction of mitogenomic data in target enrichment phylogenomics
Authors: Allio Rémi , Schomaker‐Bastos Alex , Romiguier Jonathan , Prosdocimi Francisco , Nabholz Benoit , Delsuc Frédéric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThanks to the development of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, target enrichment sequencing of nuclear ultraconserved DNA elements (UCEs) now allows routine inference of phylogenetic relationships from thousands of genomic markers. Recently, it has been shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is frequently sequenced alongside the targeted loci in such capture experiments. Despite its broad evolutionary interest, mtDNA is rarely assembled and used in conjunction with nuclear markers in capture‐based studies. Here, we developed MitoFinder, a user‐friendly bioinformatic pipeline, to efficiently assemble and annotate mitogenomic data from hundreds of UCE libraries. As a case study, we used ants (Formicidae) for which 501 UCE libraries have been sequenced whereas only 29 mitogenomes are available. We compared the efficiency of four different assemblers (IDBA‐UD, MEGAHIT, MetaSPAdes, and Trinity) for assembling both UCE and mtDNA loci. Using MitoFinder, we show that metagenomic assemblers, in particular MetaSPAdes, are well suited to assemble both UCEs and mtDNA. Mitogenomic signal was successfully extracted from all 501 UCE libraries, allowing us to confirm species identification using CO1 barcoding. Moreover, our automated procedure retrieved 296 cases in which the mitochondrial genome was assembled in a single contig, thus increasing the number of available ant mitogenomes by an order of magnitude. By utilizing the power of metagenomic assemblers, MitoFinder provides an efficient tool to extract complementary mitogenomic data from UCE libraries, allowing testing for potential mitonuclear discordance. Our approach is potentially applicable to other sequence capture methods, transcriptomic data and whole genome shotgun sequencing in diverse taxa. The MitoFinder software is available from GitHub (https://github.com/RemiAllio/MitoFinder).
Pre‐operative ketorolac efficacy with different anesthetics, irrigants during single visit root canal treatment of mandibular molars with acute irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Nivedha V. , Sherwood I. Anand , Abbott Paul V. , Ramaprabha B. , Bhargavi P.V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMandibular molar teeth with acute irreversible pulpitis pose challenges in single visit root canal treatment – (i) success of local anaesthesia and (ii) post‐operative pain. One hundred and twenty‐six patients with pain associated with carious mandibular molar teeth were enrolled. All patients were administered 10 mg of ketorolac tromethamine prior to local anaesthesia. Local anesthetics used were 2% lignocaine with 1:80 000 adrenaline and 4% articaine with 1:100 000 adrenaline. Three irrigation solutions were used – saline, 3% sodium hypochlorite and dexamethasone. Mean intra‐operative pain scores for the lignocaine and articaine groups were 4.33 (±2.58) and 4.22 (±2.88), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000) in post‐operative pain incidence between the lignocaine and articaine groups with 16.7% (10 patients) and 49.2% (29 patients), respectively. Pre‐operative ketorolac tromethamine was not effective in reducing the intra‐operative pain incidence. However, it was effective in controlling post‐operative pain with lignocaine anesthetic group.
Identification and quantification of coding and long non‐coding RNAs in stallion spermatozoa separated by density
Authors: Ing Nancy H. , Konganti Kranti , Ghaffari Noushin , Johnson Charles D. , Forrest David W. , Love Charles C. , Varner Dickson D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is not unusual for stallions to have fertility problems. For many, artificial insemination with more dense spermatozoa (isolated by density gradient centrifugation) results in greater pregnancy rates compared with the rates when using unfractionated spermatozoa. RNAs in spermatozoa delivered to the oocyte at conception are required for embryo development. Novel molecular assays of spermatozoa that reflect function are needed to predict the fertility of stallions.ObjectivesTo describe and compare the RNA populations in more dense and less dense spermatozoa from stallions.Materials and methodsSpermatozoa from five stallions were separated into more dense and less dense populations by density gradient centrifugation. Complementary DNA libraries were made from each of the ten total RNA samples after ribosomal RNA removal. Next‐generation sequencing characterized the RNA populations in more and less dense spermatozoa. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR was used to confirm differential expression of selected RNAs.ResultsStallion spermatozoa contain 11 215 RNAs, with the most prevalent RNA being a 1492 base long non‐coding RNA. The levels of 159 RNAs were greater in more dense spermatozoa, while levels of seven other RNAs were greater in less dense spermatozoa. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR confirmed the threefold greater levels of solute carrier family 26 member 8 (SLC26A8) mRNA in less dense spermatozoa, and sixfold and threefold greater expression levels of the SCP2 sterol binding domain containing 1 (SCP2D1) and spermatogenesis‐associated protein 31D1 (SPATA31D1) mRNAs in more dense spermatozoa, respectively.Discussion and conclusionWe identified 11 215 RNAs in stallion spermatozoa and 166 with differential expression between more dense and less dense fractions. Many prevalent RNAs were also found in bull, boar, and human spermatozoa. Many differentially expressed RNAs are known to be testis‐ or spermatozoa‐specific. Our results may lead to identification of an RNA population in spermatozoa that is optimal for establishing successful pregnancies.
Treatment of macular hole retinal detachment with macular plug in highly myopic eyes: three‐year results
Authors: Wu An‐Lun , Ling Kiet‐Phang , Chuang Lan‐Hsin , Chen Kuan‐Jen , Chen Yen‐Po , Yeung Ling , Wang Nan‐Kai , Liu Laura , Chen Tun‐Lu , Hwang Yih‐Shiou , Wu Wei‐Chi , Lai Chi‐Chun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the long‐term surgical outcomes of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) following vitrectomy with macular plug in highly myopic eyes.MethodsThirty‐five cases of highly myopic eyes with MHRD in 35 patients who underwent an initially successful vitrectomy with macular plug and were followed up for at least 3 years were reviewed. The anatomical outcomes were evaluated by fundus examination, fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Myopic features after the surgery were differentiated according to recommendations of the Meta‐analysis of Pathologic Myopia (META‐PM) Study Group. The best‐corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) before and after surgery were analysed as the functional outcome. Main outcome measures time–course changes in BCVA and complications.ResultsThe mean patient age was 61.0 ± 11.4 years. The follow‐up was 45.2 ± 8.6 months (ranged from 36 to 71 months). The mean axial length was 29.3 ± 1.2 mm. All eyes demonstrated attached retina, but 2 eyes (5.7%) developed reopened macular holes until the last follow‐up. Complications of postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were detected in 2 eyes (5.7%) within 1 year and retina reattached after the secondary vitrectomy. Three cases (8.6%) of prolonged subretinal fluid lasting more than 1 year were detected but finally absorbed completely. Comparing 1–3 years postoperatively, myopic features showed significant progression of myopic maculopathy category (p = 0.035). Functionally, significantly improved BCVA could be maintained postoperatively between 6 months and 3 years. However, vision of 14 eyes (40.0%) worsened within 1–3 years postoperatively, and visual deterioration was associated with progression of myopic maculopathy (p = 0.004) and pre‐existing disease of glaucoma (p = 0.006).ConclusionsA vitrectomy combined with macular plug provided favourable outcomes in the long term, over the ≥3‐year follow‐up period.
Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment volume is associated with a decrease in best‐corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness: the Norwegian Pigment Epithelial Detachment Study (NORPED) report no. 1
Authors: Tvenning Arnt‐Ole , Krohn Jørgen , Forsaa Vegard , Malmin Agni , Hedels Christian , Austeng Dordi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) volume and change in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) during the growth phase of large DPEDs.MethodsPatients from an ongoing prospective observational study, the Norwegian Pigment Epithelial Detachment Study (NORPED), with 1 year of follow‐up and DPEDs ≥1000 µm in diameter, examined with the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA‐OCT were included. Patients with DPEDs in the regression phase were excluded. Multicolour, near‐infrared reflectance, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography images were obtained every 6 months. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and yearly to exclude choroidal neovascularization (CNV).ResultsForty‐four patients and 66 eyes were included. In the statistical model for BCVA, every 1.0 mm3 increase in DPED volume led to a decrease in BCVA of 4.0 ETDRS letters (95% CI, −7.0 to −1.0, p = 0.008). A decrease in BCVA was significantly associated with older patient age, the presence of acquired vitelliform lesions and subfoveal location of the DPEDs. In the model for CRT, every 1.0 mm3 increase in DPED volume led to a decrease in CRT of 26.7 µm (95% CI, −44.4 to −9.0, p = 0.003). Two eyes had progression of geographic atrophy and none developed CNV.ConclusionThe increasing volume of DPEDs during the growth phase is associated with a decrease in BCVA and CRT. The subfoveal location of DPEDs and the presence of acquired vitelliform lesions appear to be associated with a further reduction in BCVA.
Understanding individuals’ subjective experiences of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A qualitative study
Authors: Butcher Isabelle , Berry Katherine , Haddock Gillian 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesIndividuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia often experience both positive and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms can be disabling and have a serious impact on everyday functioning. Despite the range of clinician‐rated measurement tools used to assess negative symptoms, very little is known about how individuals subjectively experience these symptoms. This study sought to examine, using qualitative methods, how people living with a diagnosis of schizophrenia subjectively experience negative symptoms.DesignQualitative study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who were experiencing negative symptoms. The sample was recruited from community and inpatient National Health Service mental health settings in the United Kingdom. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty individuals took part. Individuals highlighted the persistent and enduring nature of their negative symptoms. Two central themes were identified: What it is like to experience negative symptoms and where have my negative symptoms come from? Within the first theme, four sub‐themes emerged: loss of concentration, loss of motivation, withdrawal, and ‘feeling but not feeling’. Within the second theme, four sub‐themes emerged related to the causes of negative symptoms: impact of traumatic life events, positive psychotic symptoms, impact of social network, and recreational and prescribed drug use.ConclusionIndividuals, who experience negative symptoms, were able to articulate the persistent and disabling nature of negative symptoms and clearly described factors which they believed contributed to the onset, exacerbation, and amelioration of the experiences.Practitioner points

Negative symptoms for people diagnosed with schizophrenia are persistent and enduring and impact an individual’s life.

There has been little research conducted qualitatively on individuals’ subjective experiences of negative symptoms.

Individuals who experience negative symptoms attribute these to a number of factors, including adverse life events, recreational and prescribed drug use, an absence of social support, and positive psychotic symptoms.

Understanding negative symptoms is important for services, clinicians, and family members, where misattributions made about negative symptoms can lead to such experiences being dismissed.