bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pipoxolan suppresses the inflammatory factors of NF‐κB, AP‐1, and STATs, but activates the antioxidative factor Nrf2 in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsien , Lin Yu‐Jung , Chang Ting‐Hsuan , Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Lim Yun‐Ping , Chung Jing‐Gung , Hsieh Wen‐Tsong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough pipoxolan (PIPO) is a smooth muscle relaxant, its anti‐inflammatory capability has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory molecular mechanisms of PIPO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we used the MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity, applied the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to determine the inflammatory cytokines, and performed Western blotting to assess protein expression. The results showed that PIPO significantly inhibited cytokine production, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6. PIPO also suppressed the pro‐inflammatory mediator expression with inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2. Moreover, PIPO prohibited the multiple inflammatory transcription factor pathways, including inhibitor kappa B/nuclear factor of the κ light chain enhancer of B cells (NF‐κB), mitogen‐activated protein kinase/activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT). Besides, PIPO effectively activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 antioxidative pathway. Collectively, PIPO may attenuate the inflammatory effects via influencing the LPS/TLR4 receptor binding; suppress the expression of anti‐inflammatory transcription factors NF‐κB, AP‐1, and STAT; and activating the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 in LPS‐stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells.
Probiotic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from West African spontaneously fermented cereal and milk products
Authors: Motey Grace Adzo , Johansen Pernille Greve , Owusu‐Kwarteng James , Ofori Linda Aurelia , Obiri‐Danso Kwasi , Siegumfeldt Henrik , Larsen Nadja , Jespersen Lene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus are associated with fermentation of West African indigenous foods. The aim of this study was to characterize potential probiotic properties of S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus isolates from the West African milk products lait caillé and nunu and a cereal‐based product mawè. The strains (14 in total) were identified by 26S rRNA gene sequencing and characterized for survival at gastrointestinal stress (bile salts and low pH) and adhesion to Caco‐2 intestinal epithelial cells. Selected yeast isolates were tested for their effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco‐2 and for maintenance of intracellular pH (pHi) during perfusion with gastrointestinal pH (3.5 and 6.5). All tested yeasts were able to grow in bile salts in a strain‐dependent manner, exhibiting a maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of 0.58–1.50 h−1. At pH 2.5, slow growth was observed for the isolates from mawè (μmax of 0.06–0.80 h−1), whereas growth of yeasts from other sources was mostly inhibited. Yeast adhesion to Caco‐2 cells was strain specific and varied between 8.0% and 36.2%. Selected strains of S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus were able to maintain the pHi homeostasis at gastrointestinal pH and to increase TEER across the Caco‐2 monolayers, indicating their potential to improve intestinal barrier functions. Based on overall results, strains of K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae from mawè exhibited the highest probiotic potential and might be recommended for further development as starter cultures in West African fermented products.
Winding modes and the reflection symmetry in AdS3
Authors: Iguri Sergio M. , Kovensky Nicolás , Maestri Leila , Martín Lucas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We compute the contact term of the two-point function for the SL (2, ℝ)- WZNW model in the winding sector. After reviewing some generalities of the model and its Euclidean counterpart, we discuss the reflection symmetry for the spectral flowed sector. We define the corresponding intertwining operator and use it to find the explicit form of the contact term of the propagator for a vertex carrying an arbitrary amount of spectral flow. Finally, we enhance the already known integral expression of a singly flowed vertex in order to reproduce such contact term directly in the space-time picture.
Stress tensor for large-D membrane at subleading orders
Authors: Biswas Parthajit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this note, we have extended the result of [1] to calculate the membrane stress tensor up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{D}\right) $$
O

1
D

localized on the co-dimension one membrane world volume propagating in asymptotically flat/AdS/dS spacetime. We have shown that the subleading order membrane equation follows from the conservation equation of this stress tensor.
Quark mass effects in two-loop Higgs amplitudes
Authors: Anastasiou Charalampos , Deutschmann Nicolas , Schweitzer Armin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We provide two two-loop amplitudes relevant for precision Higgs physics. The first is the two-loop amplitude for Higgs boson production through gluon fusion with exact dependence on the top quark mass up to squared order in the dimensional regulator ε. The second result we provide is the two-loop amplitude for the decay of a Higgs boson into a pair of massive bottom quarks through the Higgs-to-gluon coupling in the infinite top mass limit. Both amplitudes are computed by finding canonical bases of master integrals, which we evaluate explicitly in terms of harmonic polylogarithms. We obtain the bare, renormalized and IR-subtracted amplitude and provide the results in terms of building blocks suitable for changing renormalization schemes.
Toward an effective CFT2 from $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills and aspects of Hawking radiation
Authors: Nian Jun , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory we recover important aspects of the near-extremal thermodynamics of AdS5 black holes including both the outer and the inner horizons with their corresponding entropy and energy. This $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory approach to black hole thermodynamics leads to an effective CFT2 interpretation similar to the work by Callan and Maldacena. We corroborate this effective CFT2 by implementing a particular near-horizon limit that geometrizes the Virasoro algebras as asymptotic symmetries. Using the effective CFT2 picture, we discuss aspects of the Hawking radiation rate for a region of the near-extremal AdS5 black hole quantum evolution.
Evaluating the success of Slovenia’s policy on the health of children and adolescents: results of an audit
Authors: Bizjak Tine , Novak Rok , Vudrag Marko , Kukec Andreja , Kontić Branko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this audit were twofold: (1) to demonstrate the contribution of the auditing process in evaluating the success of child and adolescent health policy in Slovenia between 2012 and 2019, and (2) to expand on the commentary published in the International Journal of Public Health in 2019 to demonstrate the benefits of auditing in improving public health policy in general.

Methods
The audit followed health, safety and environmental approaches as per the standards of public health policy.

Results
Due to poor intersectoral coordination and weak associations between environmental and health indicators, no clear evidence could be established that child and adolescent health policy contributed to positive changes in child and adolescent health from 2012 to 2019.

Conclusions
Auditing should become an essential component of measuring the success of public health policies. Attention should also be paid to the following issues affecting youth health: sleeping and eating habits, economic migration, poverty, etc.
Postoperatives Knie
Authors: Weidekamm C. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas vordere Kreuzband (VKB) ist das wichtigste Widerlager gegen die vordere tibiale Subluxation (vordere Schublade) und ermöglicht die Stabilität des Kniegelenks in Flexion, Extension und Innenrotation sowie Varus- und Valgusstress. Sportarten wie Fußball, Rugby, Skifahren und Tanzen erhöhen das Risiko für VKB-Verletzungen. Die Entscheidung zur operativen Versorgung der VKB-Verletzung ist vorwiegend klinisch basiert unter Berücksichtigung von vielen Faktoren wie Alter, Habitus, Geschlecht und physische Aktivitäten. Die vielen unterschiedlichen Techniken der VKB-Rekonstruktion haben ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile. Der Radiologe und der Kliniker sollten mit den unterschiedlichen Facetten der VKB-Plastik, abhängig vom Zeitintervall zwischen Operation und Bildgebung, vertraut sein. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Anatomie des VKB und die häufigsten VKB-Rekonstruktions-Techniken und diskutiert normale postoperative Befunde und Komplikationen der VKB-Rekonstruktion anhand unterschiedlicher Bildgebungsmodalitäten.
Comparing the utility of in vivo transposon mutagenesis approaches in yeast species to infer gene essentiality
Authors: Levitan Anton , Gale Andrew N. , Dallon Emma K. , Kozan Darby W. , Cunningham Kyle W. , Sharan Roded , Berman Judith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vivo transposon mutagenesis, coupled with deep sequencing, enables large-scale genome-wide mutant screens for genes essential in different growth conditions. We analyzed six large-scale studies performed on haploid strains of three yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccaromyces pombe, and Candida albicans), each mutagenized with two of three different heterologous transposons (AcDs, Hermes, and PiggyBac). Using a machine-learning approach, we evaluated the ability of the data to predict gene essentiality. Important data features included sufficient numbers and distribution of independent insertion events. All transposons showed some bias in insertion site preference because of jackpot events, and preferences for specific insertion sequences and short-distance vs long-distance insertions. For PiggyBac, a stringent target sequence limited the ability to predict essentiality in genes with few or no target sequences. The machine learning approach also robustly predicted gene function in less well-studied species by leveraging cross-species orthologs. Finally, comparisons of isogenic diploid versus haploid S. cerevisiae isolates identified several genes that are haplo-insufficient, while most essential genes, as expected, were recessive. We provide recommendations for the choice of transposons and the inference of gene essentiality in genome-wide studies of eukaryotic haploid microbes such as yeasts, including species that have been less amenable to classical genetic studies.
Medico-legal assessment of personal damage in older people: report from a multidisciplinary consensus conference
Authors: Ingravallo Francesca , Cerquetti Ilaria , Vignatelli Luca , Albertini Sandra , Bolcato Matteo , Camerlingo Maria , Corbi Graziamaria , De Leo Domenico , De Nicolò Andrea , De Stefano Francesco , Dell’Erba Alessandro , Di Giulio Paola , Domenici Ranieri , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Feola Alessandro , Ferrara Nicola , Forti Paola , Frigiolini Francesca , Gianniti Pasquale , Gili Enrico , Iannone Primiano , Lovato Alessandro , Lunardelli Maria Lia , Marengoni Alessandra , Marozzi Franco , Martelloni Massimo , Mecocci Patrizia , Molinelli Andrea , Polo Lorenzo , Portas Margherita , Rossi Patrizio , Scorretti Carlo , Trabucchi Marco , Volpato Stefano , Zoja Riccardo , Castellani Gloria Luigia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAgeing of the global population represents a challenge for national healthcare systems and healthcare professionals, including medico-legal experts, who assess personal damage in an increasing number of older people. Personal damage evaluation in older people is complex, and the scarcity of evidence is hindering the development of formal guidelines on the subject. The main objectives of the first multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Medico-Legal Assessment of Personal Damage in Older People were to increase knowledge on the subject and establish standard procedures in this field. The conference, organized according to the guidelines issued by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), was held in Bologna (Italy) on June 8, 2019 with the support of national scientific societies, professional organizations, and stakeholders. The Scientific Technical Committee prepared 16 questions on 4 thematic areas: (1) differences in injury outcomes in older people compared to younger people and their relevance in personal damage assessment; (2) pre-existing status reconstruction and evaluation; (3) medico-legal examination procedures; (4) multidimensional assessment and scales. The Scientific Secretariat reviewed relevant literature and documents, rated their quality, and summarized evidence. During conference plenary public sessions, 4 pairs of experts reported on each thematic area. After the last session, a multidisciplinary Jury Panel (15 members) drafted the consensus statements. The present report describes Conference methods and results, including a summary of evidence supporting each statement, and areas requiring further investigation. The methodological recommendations issued during the Conference may be useful in several contexts of damage assessment, or to other medico-legal evaluation fields.
Preservation of optic nerve structure by complement inhibition in experimental glaucoma
Authors: Gassel Caroline J. , Reinehr Sabrina , Gomes Sara C. , Dick H. Burkhard , Joachim Stephanie C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is characterized by a progressive damage of the retina and the optic nerve. Despite a huge research interest, the exact pathomechanisms are still unknown. In the experimental autoimmune glaucoma model, rats develop glaucoma-like damage of the retina and the optic nerve after immunization with an optic nerve antigen homogenate (ONA). An early activation of the complement system, even before optic nerve degeneration, was reported in this model. Here, we investigated the effects of a monoclonal antibody against complement factor C5 on optic nerves. Rats were immunized with ONA and compared to controls. In one eye of some ONA animals, the antibody against C5 was intravitreally injected (15 μmol: ONA + C5-I or 25 μmol: ONA + C5-II) before immunization and then every 2 weeks. After 6 weeks, optic nerves were processed for histology (n = 6/group). These analyses demonstrated that the intravitreal therapy reduced the depositions of the membrane attack complex compared to ONA animals (ONA + C5-I:p = 0.005; ONA + C5-II:p = 0.002). Cellular infiltration was significantly reduced in the ONA + C5-I group (p = 0.003), but not in ONA + C5-II tissues (p = 0.41). Furthermore, SMI-32 staining revealed that neurofilament was preserved in both treatment groups compared to ONA optic nerves (bothp = 0.002). A decreased amount of microglia was found in treated animals in comparison to the ONA group (ONA + C5-I:p = 0.03; ONA + C5-II:p = 0.009). We observed, for the first time, that a complement system inhibition could prevent optic nerve damage in an autoimmune glaucoma model. Therefore, complement inhibition could serve as a new therapeutic tool for glaucoma.
Early diagnosis is associated with improved clinical outcomes in benign esophageal perforation: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Vermeulen Bram D. , van der Leeden Britt , Ali Jawad T. , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Hermansson Michael , Low Donald E. , Adler Douglas G. , Botha Abraham J. , D’Journo Xavier B. , Eroglu Atila , Ferri Lorenzo E. , Gubler Christoph , Haveman Jan Willem , Kaman Lileswar , Kozarek Richard A. , Law Simon , Loske Gunnar , Lindenmann Joerg , Park Jung-Hoon , Richardson J. David , Salminen Paulina , Song Ho-Yong , Søreide Jon A. , Spaander Manon C. W. , Tarascio Jeffrey N. , Tsai Jon A. , Vanuytsel Tim , Rosman Camiel , Siersema Peter D. ,   the Benign Esophageal Perforation Collaborative Group, van der Bogt Ruben D. , Birch Madeleine , Dubose Joseph J. , Fox Sam , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Kuppusamy Madhan K. , Persson Saga , Rice Robert D. , Smolle Josef , Smolle-Juettner Freyja M. , Sudarshan Monisha , Sutcliffe Robert P. , Vidarsdottir Halla , Viste Asgaut 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Time of diagnosis (TOD) of benign esophageal perforation is regarded as an important risk factor for clinical outcome, although convincing evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to assess whether time between onset of perforation and diagnosis is associated with clinical outcome in patients with iatrogenic esophageal perforation (IEP) and Boerhaave’s syndrome (BS).

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library through June 2018 to identify studies. Authors were invited to share individual patient data and a meta-analysis was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42018093473). Patients were subdivided in early (≤ 24 h) and late (> 24 h) TOD and compared with mixed effects multivariable analysis while adjusting age, gender, location of perforation, initial treatment and center. Primary outcome was overall mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, re-interventions and ICU admission.

Results
Our meta-analysis included IPD of 25 studies including 576 patients with IEP and 384 with BS. In IEP, early TOD was not associated with overall mortality (8% vs. 13%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8–5.1), but was associated with a 23% decrease in ICU admissions (46% vs. 69%, OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.2), a 22% decrease in re-interventions (23% vs. 45%, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.7) and a 36% decrease in length of hospital stay (14 vs. 22 days, p < 0.001), compared with late TOD. In BS, no associations between TOD and outcomes were found. When combining IEP and BS, early TOD was associated with a 6% decrease in overall mortality (10% vs. 16%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9), a 19% decrease in re-interventions (26% vs. 45%, OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2) and a 35% decrease in mean length of hospital stay (16 vs. 22 days, p = 0.001), compared with late TOD.

Conclusions
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirms the general opinion that an early (≤ 24 h) compared to a late diagnosis (> 24 h) in benign esophageal perforations, particularly in IEP, is associated with improved clinical outcome.
Effects of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Zdravkovic Andrej , Hasenöhrl Timothy , Palma Stefano , Crevenna Richard 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the effects of resistance exercise (RE) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa), with special attention to the effects on sexual health.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted in March 2020 using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized, controlled trials published after 31 December 2016 were included in this update. Additionally, articles from current and previous reviews were utilized to provide a brief summary of the effects on sexual health.

Results
A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 5 were identified as independent studies. The remaining five articles presented additional data for studies, which have already been included. The identified studies further strengthened the evidence for positive effects on muscle strength, body composition and physical function. Positive effects on bone mineral density were apparent only when RE was combined with impact training. One article reported an improvement in fatigue and health-related quality of life. Only one study examined the effects of RE in isolation and three articles indicated positive effects of exercise on sexual health.

Conclusion
Recent evidence supports the use of RE in PCa patient rehabilitation as a countermeasure for treatment side effects. Further research is necessary to ascertain the optimal delivery methods and illuminate the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fatigue and sexual health.
A novel method for VR sickness reduction based on dynamic field of view processing
Authors: Lim Kyungmin , Lee Jaesung , Won Kwanghyun , Kala Nupur , Lee Tammy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a novel method for virtual reality (VR) sickness reduction based on dynamic field of view (FOV) processing. Dynamic FOV processing is performed based on the estimated VR sickness for each video frame. The level of sickness is estimated using VR sickness model, which is obtained by defining the relationship between the motion information and the measured VR sickness. For motion information analysis, subregion-based correspondence points tracking is used to efficiently remove outliers and prevent prediction error propagation. Amount of head dispersion is used as a quantitative VR sickness measure, which can be calculated from inertial measurement unit sensor in VR devices. The optimal FOV range was determined by experimentally validating a minimum FOV that can effectively reduce VR sickness with almost negligible loss in presence. The simulation results show a significant decrease of 37% compared to full FOV viewing, when FOV is dynamically varied between full and 60°.
Negotiating quality assessment in media accessibility: the case of live subtitling
Authors: Romero-Fresco Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven the recent shift in scholarly attention from the quantity to the quality of media accessibility (MA), this paper aims to provide an account of how the assessment of quality in MA may be negotiated across researchers, regulators, companies and users. Taking as an example the use of the NER model to assess live subtitling quality, it focuses on what each party needs to do and compromise on, so that a consensus can be reached and quality in MA can be assessed. It covers firstly the role played by researchers, who are normally expected to develop rigorous models of assessment while, at the same time, ensuring that they are transferable to the industry. The focus is then placed on media regulators, which must often make a choice between adopting a soft or a hard approach. The former tackles quality only superficially and may have little effect on professional practice or on the viewers’ experience. The latter requires investing time and resources to conduct research, but it also results in tangible improvements in quality. As for companies, they must be willing to accept external reviews and even to modify their training, but they can also benefit from the improved performance of their staff. Finally, in order to have a voice in this area, the users may be expected to engage with the method and the results of the quality assessment. This can enable them to have more informed and realistic demands that can lead to effective changes and, ultimately, to better access.
Who am I, the religious educator? Religion in the formation of a moral compass
Authors: van Dijk-Groeneboer Monique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe formation of identity in a secularized world is different from formation in a religious oriented society. In this situation, educating young people and guiding their personhood formation is even more a task of connecting to the pupils from out of your own heart. A Catholic religious teacher can be a mirror for these young people when answering three questions for her or himself and share these openly with her or his pupils. At the micro level: Who am I as a person? What is in my soul?; at the meso level: What am I doing as a professional and religious teacher?, and at the macro level: Where do I work? What is my context? And how do I deal with that?