bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The direct and indirect effects of China's wastewater treatment service on urban household wastewater discharge
Authors: Zheng Jiajia , Kamal Muhammad Abdul , Ullah Assad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUrban household wastewater has surged with the urbanization in China, treatment of which demands attention. Utilizing China’s urban panel data from 2005 to 2015, this article evaluates whether governmental wastewater treatment service changes urban residents’ wastewater‐discharging behaviors. The outcomes reveal that: (a) in the short‐run when the local government treats more wastewater, the residents discharge more wastewater; (b) this short‐run relationship is notably strengthened by household attributes, that is, income and education; (c) in the long‐run, the increasing relationship between household wastewater discharge and wastewater treatment service also exists significantly, which calls for immediate attention of policy makers.
The pyrin inflammasome and the Yersinia effector interaction
Authors: Malik Haleema S. , Bliska James B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPyrin is a cytosolic pattern‐recognition receptor that normally functions as a guard to trigger capase‐1 inflammasome assembly in response to bacterial toxins and effectors that inactivate RhoA. The MEFV gene encoding human pyrin is preferentially expressed in phagocytes. Key domains in pyrin include a pyrin domain (PYD), a linker region, and a B30.2 domain. Binding of ASC to pyrin by a PYD‐PYD interaction triggers inflammasome assembly. Pyrin is held in an inactive conformation by negative regulation mechanisms to avoid premature inflammasome assembly. One mechanism of negative regulation involves phosphorylation of the linker by PRK kinase which in turn is positively regulated by active RhoA. The B30.2 domain also negatively regulates pyrin. Gain of function mutations in MEFV responsible for the autoinflammatory disease Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) map to exon 10 encoding the B30.2 domain. Insights into pyrin regulation have come from studies of several Yersinia effectors, which are injected into phagocytes and interact with the RhoA‐PRK‐pyrin axis during infection. Two effectors, YopE and YopT, inactivate RhoA to disrupt phagocytic signaling. To counteract an effector‐triggered immune response, a third effector, YopM, binds to and inhibits pyrin by hijacking PRK and RSK and directing linker phosphorylation. Inhibition of pyrin by YopM is required for virulence of Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague. Recent results from infection studies with human phagocytes and mice producing pyrin B30.2 FMF variants show that gain of function MEFV mutations bypass inhibition by YopM. Population genetic data suggest that MEFV mutations were selected for in individuals of Mediterranean decent during historic plague pandemics. This review discusses current concepts of pyrin regulation and its interaction with Yersinia effectors.
A Survey of Differentially Private Regression for Clinical and Epidemiological Research
Authors: Ficek Joseph , Wang Wei , Chen Henian , Dagne Getachew , Daley Ellen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDifferential privacy is a framework for data analysis that provides rigorous privacy protections for database participants. It has increasingly been accepted as the gold standard for privacy in the analytics industry, yet there are few techniques suitable for statistical inference in the health sciences. This is notably the case for regression, one of the most widely used modelling tools in clinical and epidemiological studies. This paper provides an overview of differential privacy and surveys the literature on differentially private regression, highlighting the techniques that hold the most relevance for statistical inference as practiced in clinical and epidemiological research. Research gaps and opportunities for further inquiry are identified.
Electrospun hydrophobe nanofibrous membrane based on polysulfone/Triton x‐100: A novel vehicle to concentrate pomegranate juice
Authors: Najafi Amin , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Askari Gholamreza , Fathi Morteza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe present work aimed to fabricate an electrospun hydrophobe nanofibrous membrane based on polysulfone (PSF) to concentrate pomegranate juice, and evaluate the effect of Triton x‐100 (TR‐100) on the physicochemical properties of the fabricated membrane.MethodsMorphological properties, surface hydrophobicity, and mechanical performance of the nanofibrous membrane were evaluated, and then, its ability to concentrate pomegranate juice was tested.ResultsThe viscosity of PSF and PSF/TR‐100 solutions was 1.006 and 0.715 Pa·s, respectively, indicating a positive effect of the surfactant on the quality of the fabricated fibers. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the formation of smoother and finer fibers in the presence of TR‐100 surfactant. Contact angle for the PSF and PSF/TR‐100 nanofibrous membrane was 90° and 103°, respectively, showing their hydrophobic surface. The addition of TR‐100 led to an increase in the membrane's tensile strength. The optimal conditions to produce concentrated juice were osmotic solution concentration of 4 M and a temperature of 31.2°C. The anthocyanins and phenolic content, as well as the antioxidant activity of the concentrated juice, were not significantly different from the fresh sample.ConclusionThe use of the developed membrane can be introduced as a suitable method to produce pomegranate juice with preserved qualitative attributes.Practical ApplicationsConsidering the various benefits of the fabricated membrane, it can be used to produce pomegranate juice with preserved qualitative properties.
Pharmacological postconditioning: a molecular aspect in ischemic injury
Authors: Khan Heena , Kashyap Ankita , Kaur Amarjot , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is defined as the damage to the tissue which is caused when blood supply returns to tissue after ischaemia. To protect the ischaemic tissue from irreversible injury, various protective agents have been studied but the benefits have not been clinically applicable due to monotargeting, low potency, late delivery or poor tolerability.

Key Findings
Strategies involving preconditioning or postconditioning can address the issues related to the failure of protective therapies. In principle, postconditioning (PoCo) is clinically more applicable in the conditions in which there is unannounced ischaemic event. Moreover, PoCo is an attractive beneficial strategy as it can be induced rapidly at the onset of reperfusion via series of brief I/R cycles following a major ischaemic event or it can be induced in a delayed manner. Various pharmacological postconditioning (pPoCo) mechanisms have been investigated systematically. Using different animal models, most of the studies on pPoCo have been carried out preclinically.

Summary
However, there is a need for the optimization of the clinical protocols to quicken pPoCo clinical translation for future studies. This review summarizes the involvement of various receptors and signalling pathways in the protective mechanisms of pPoCo.
Genomic insights into speciation history and local adaptation of an alpine aspen in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent highlands
Authors: Li Jia‐Liang , Zhong Lin‐Ling , Wang Jing , Ma Tao , Mao Kang‐Shan , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural selection serves as an important agent to drive and maintain interspecific divergence. Populus rotundifolia Griff. is an alpine aspen species that mainly occurs in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent highlands, whereas its sister species, P. davidiana Dode, is distributed across southwest and central to northeast China in much lower altitude regions. In this study, we collected genome resequencing data of 53 P. rotundifolia and 42 P. davidiana individuals across their natural distribution regions. Our population genomic data suggest that the two species are well delimitated in the allopatric regions, but with hybrid zones in their adjacent region in the eastern QTP. Coalescent simulations suggest that P. rotundifolia diverged from P. davidiana in the middle Pleistocene with following continuous gene flow since divergence. In addition, we found numerous highly diverged genes with outlier signatures that are likely associated with high‐altitude adaptation of these alpine aspens. Our finding indicate that Quaternary climatic changes and natural selection have greatly contributed to the origin and distinction maintenance of P. rotundifolia in the QTP.
Maternal folate, one‐carbon metabolism and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Jankovic‐Karasoulos Tanja , Furness Denise L. , Leemaqz Shalem Y. , Dekker Gustaaf A. , Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Grieger Jessica A. , Andraweera Prabha H. , McCullough Dylan , McAninch Dale , McCowan Lesley M. , Bianco‐Miotto Tina , Roberts Claire T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms and pre‐ and peri‐conception folic acid (FA) supplementation and dietary data were used to identify one‐carbon metabolic factors associated with pregnancy outcomes in 3196 nulliparous women. In 325 participants, we also measured circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Pregnancy outcomes included preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GHT), small for gestational age (SGA), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study findings show that maternal genotype MTHFR A1298C(CC) was associated with increased risk for PE, whereas TCN2 C766G(GG) had a reduced risk for sPTB. Paternal MTHFR A1298C(CC) and MTHFD1 G1958A(AA) genotypes were associated with reduced risk for sPTB, whereas MTHFR C677T(CT) genotype had an increased risk for GHT. FA supplementation was associated with higher serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations, reduced uterine artery resistance index and increased birth weight. Women who supplemented with <800 μg daily FA at 15‐week gestation had a higher incidence of PE (10.3%) compared with women who did not supplement (6.1%) or who supplemented with ≥800 μg (5.4%) (P < .0001). Higher serum folate levels were found in women who later developed GDM compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies (Mean ± SD: 37.6 ± 8 nmol L−1 vs. 31.9 ± 11.2, P = .007). Fast food consumption was associated with increased risk for developing GDM, whereas low consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit were independent risk factors for SGA and GDM and sPTB and SGA, respectively. In conclusion, maternal and paternal genotypes, together with maternal circulating folate and homocysteine concentrations, and pre‐ and early‐pregnancy dietary factors, are independent risk factors for pregnancy complications.
Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system‐autonomic nervous system‐chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature‐based platform for chronotherapy
Authors: Kolben Yotam , Weksler‐Zangen Sarah , Ilan Yaron 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAdropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate‐lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system‐autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm‐based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin‐based therapies are discussed.
US light tight oil: Is it really a demand problem rather than a supply one?
Authors: Graham Roddy , Merino Garcia Pedro Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProduction of Light Tight Oil (LTO), also known as “Shale Oil”, has grown quickly over the last decade. The discussion regarding LTO has always been about supply and the ability of LTO producers to continue to grow production over the coming years. Little has been written regarding the demand for LTO and whether refineries can process this extra light oil. This analysis attempts to start a conversation to determine how much light crude oil the global refinery system can absorb and how much LTO can grow before there is oversupply.
Impact of oil prices and exchange rates on major sectoral indices in India
Authors: Muhammad Ashiq AM , Shanmugasundaram G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCrude oil consumption is growing with the pace of the economy in India. More than 80% of India's crude oil requirements is met from imports, and millions of Dollars are paid out for purchasing this inevitable resource. It is logical to assume that the sectors, which will be most affected by oil price changes, would belong to the oil‐related industrial sectors. In this context, this study is attempted to see how the oil price and exchange rate impact different sectoral indices in India using the ARDL model for the period from 1999 to 2018. From the empirical findings, we can summarise that dynamics in the exchange rate market have affected the stock prices of various sectors more than the crude oil prices in the Indian context. The reason for the oil price not showing a significant impact on any of the sectoral indices could be the significantly higher and lower crude oil prices that have prevailed within the study period, which could have offset this impact.
Impact of oil prices on remittances to Pakistan from GCC countries: evidence from panel asymmetric analysis
Authors: Abbas Shujaat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternational migration and remittances from oil‐exporting Gulf countries are important sources of employment, income and foreign exchange for Pakistan. This study investigates the asymmetric impact of oil prices on remittances to Pakistan from GCC countries, over the period 1980 to 2018, by employing the recently advanced non‐linear panel pooled mean group (PMG) model. The findings show that oil prices and remittance are asymmetrically associated. The increasing oil prices have a significant positive effect only in the long run, whereas reducing oil prices reveal a significant negative effect only in the short run. Findings of other explanatory variables show that the economic condition in host countries, exchange rate, and trade relations have positive effects only in the long run, whereas the economic condition in the home country has significant negative effects in the long run and positive effect in the short run. This study urges oil exporters to stabilise oil supply and prices, and Pakistan to enhance trade relations, exchange rate adjustments and financial development.
Electrocardiographic patterns predictive of left bundle branch block correction with His bundle pacing
Authors: Moriña‐Vázquez Pablo , Moraleda‐Salas Maria Teresa , Arce‐León Álvaro , Fernández‐Gómez Juan Manuel , Venegas‐Gamero José , Díaz‐Fernández José Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPermanent His bundle pacing (p‐HBP) could be an alternative for traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but an important limitation is that p‐HBP cannot always correct the left bundle branch block (LBBB). The purpose of this article is to assess electrocardiographic patterns of LBBB that can predict electrocardiographic response (QRS narrowing) to His bundle pacing.MethodsWe designed a prospective descriptive study of patients with LBBB and CRT indication proposed for CRT by p‐HBP. We analyzed the correlation between the different electrocardiographic patterns and the correction of conduction disturbance (LBBB).ResultsWe included 70 patients. Pacing at the location where His bundle electrogram was recorded narrowed the QRS in 81.4% (n = 57). Basically, we identified two electrocardiographic patterns in lead V1: QS or rS. The QS pattern was a sensitivity of 56%, a specificity of 84.6%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.1% to predict the correction of the LBBB (area under the curve [AUC] = .70). In patients with rS pattern, a ratio between the descending and the ascending S wave component duration ≥0.64 was a very good predictor of the correction of the LBBB (AUC = .968); with a value ≥0.64, the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV was 92%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with LBBB and CRT indication, the QS pattern in lead V1 predicts the correction of the QRS with HBP. In the case of rS pattern in lead V1, the ratio descending/ascending S wave component duration has a strong correlation with the LBBB correction.
Moving towards more sustainable aquaculture practices: a meta‐analysis on the potential of plant‐enriched diets to improve fish growth, immunity and disease resistance
Authors: Reverter Miriam , Tapissier‐Bontemps Nathalie , Sarter Samira , Sasal Pierre , Caruso Domenico 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAquatic animal diseases are one of the major limiting factors in aquaculture development, with disease emergence forecast to increase with global change. However, in order to treat increasing diseases in a context of global emergence of antimicrobial resistance and strengthening regulations on antimicrobial use, sustainable alternatives are urgently needed. The use of plant supplements to increase fish immunity and disease resistance has gained much popularity within the last decades. The use of functional supplements, such as plants, can also improve growth and feed assimilation, contributing to a better optimization of aquaculture resources (e.g. fish meal inclusion). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis in order to identify the research gaps in the use of plant‐enriched diets in fish aquaculture and estimate, for the first time, the overall efficacy of plant‐enriched diets on fish growth, immunity and disease resistance as well as the effect of intrinsic parameters (fish trophic level, type of plant material, dosage, treatment duration and pathogen species) on the treatment efficacy. We found that plant‐enriched diets significantly enhanced growth, immunity and disease survival of treated fish, regardless of the fish trophic level, treatment duration and type of material used. We also show that plant supplements are a versatile alternative that can benefit different aquaculture sectors (from small‐scale fish farmers to intensive productions). Finally, we observed that studies need to improve the information reported about the plant material used (e.g. origin, identification, chemical composition), in order to allow the comparison of different experiments and improve their repeatability.
Shame and moral autonomy
Authors: Kwong Jack M. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoes shame have a place in a mature moral agent's psychology? Does it play a useful and positive role in morality? One skepticism that disputes shame's compatibility with mature moral agency or its being a useful moral emotion is that shame appears heteronomous in nature: We experience shame not because we have behaved badly by our own moral standards, but because we have been reproved by other people and suffered an injury to our social image. To mitigate this skepticism, this paper will propose a way in which we can reconcile shame with moral autonomy. Specifically, I will argue that a mature moral agent is vulnerable to shame because she cares a great deal about morality, and possesses certain character traits that dispose her to take others’ moral criticisms seriously. Occurrences of shame therefore are not always a threat to a moral agent's autonomous moral judgment.
The Diplomacy of Clara Gonzaga, countess of Montpensier‐Bourbon: Gendered perspectives of family duty, honour and female agency
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBetween the beginning of the Italian Wars in 1494 and her death in 1503, Clara Gonzaga, the countess of Montpensier‐Bourbon, was a significant intermediary in diplomatic relations between the French crown and her brother Francesco, the marquis of Mantua. Correspondence between the siblings and other letters from the Gonzaga archive offer us a rare glimpse of diplomacy from a woman’s perspective and in circumstances where it was necessary to navigate the diverging political perspectives and cultures of honour of natal and spousal kin. This essay explores the difficulties that Clara faced in attempting to influence her brother’s diplomacy and the angst she suffered as a result of his failure to concede that her honour might be distinct from his. I argue that despite these significant constraints, knowledge of a foreign language, closeness to royal power and a deep familiarity with the contrasting political traditions of her Italian and French relatives equipped Clara with skills that equalled, or perhaps sometimes rivalled, those of male diplomatic actors. Yet gendered orthodoxies inhibited acknowledgment by her brother of how central she was to the survival of the Gonzaga regime during Louis XII’s early reign.
Development and initial psychometric evaluation of a radiotherapy‐related symptom assessment tool, based on data from patients with brain tumours undergoing proton beam therapy
Authors: Langegård Ulrica , Fransson Per , Johansson Birgitta , Ohlsson‐Nevo Emma , Sjövall Katarina , Ahlberg Karin ,   The Proton Care Study Group
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCurrently, no available tool easily and effectively measures both the frequency, intensity and distress of symptoms among patients receiving radiotherapy. A core symptom set (fatigue, insomnia, pain, appetite loss, cognitive problems, anxiety, nausea, depression, constipation, diarrhoea and skin reaction) has been identified and assessed across oncology research to better understand the pattern of symptoms and treatment side effects.AimThe aim was to develop a tool measuring the multiple‐symptom experience in patients undergoing radiotherapy and evaluate its psychometric properties (validity, reliability and responsiveness).DesignThis study has a prospective, longitudinal and quantitative design.MethodsWe developed a patient‐reported outcome questionnaire, the Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale to assess the frequency, intensity and distress associated with symptoms. Patients (n = 175) with brain tumours undergoing proton beam therapy completed the Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale and the health‐related quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) during treatment. We assessed the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale and evaluated the validity against QLQ‐C30.ResultsThere were significant questionnaire–questionnaire correlations regarding selected items, primarily fatigue, insomnia and pain, indicating satisfactory criterion‐related validity. The Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale had fair to good retest reliability.ConclusionThe Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale is a valid instrument for assessing symptom intensity and distress in patients with brain tumour undergoing PBT, with psychometric properties within the expected range. The Radiotherapy‐Related Symptoms Assessment Scale provides nurses with substantial information on symptom experience but requires little effort from the patient. Additional studies are required to further assess the psychometric properties in patients with different cancer diagnoses receiving conventional radiotherapy.