bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When global norms meet local politics: Localising transparency in extractive industries governance
Authors: Winanti Poppy Sulistyaning , Hanif Hasrul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProcesses of norm localisation play a crucial role in shaping the extent to which global governance norms are institutionalised at national and sub‐national levels. This article explores the politics of norm localisation through an empirical investigation of how global norms of “transparency” were localised in sub‐national processes of extractive industry governance in Bojonegoro, Indonesia. Previous theories of localisation have emphasised “constructivist” dynamics through which patterns of norm localisation are shaped decisively by efforts to build normative or cognitive congruence with local ideas and identities. In contrast, the mix of a newly democratised environment, the persistent power of corporatist elite networks and a populist style of local politics prevailing in Bojonegoro have diminished the significance of such constructivist dynamics as a basis for explaining varied patterns of norm localisation. Instead, patterns of norm localisation have depended crucially on the capacity of local political leaders to harness global governance norms instrumentally as a basis for consolidating and strengthening their own local power base. These findings have important implications for both theoretical and practical understandings of how global norm localisation processes vary in response to the contrasting political contexts in which global governance norms targeting the extractive sector are implemented.
Assessing diversity in canopy architecture, photosynthesis, and water‐use efficiency in a cowpea magic population
Authors: Digrado Anthony , Mitchell Noah G. , Montes Christopher M. , Dirvanskyte Paulina , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptimizing crops to improve light absorption and CO2assimilation throughout the canopy is a proposed strategy to increase yield and meet the needs of a growing population by 2050. Globally, the greatest population increase is expected to occur in Sub‐Saharan Africa where large yield gaps currently persist; therefore, it is crucial to develop high‐yielding crops adapted to this region. In this study, we screened 50 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp) genotypes from the multi‐parent advanced generation inter‐cross (MAGIC) population for canopy architectural traits, canopy photosynthesis, and water‐use efficiency using a canopy gas exchange chamber in order to improve our understanding of the relationships among those traits. Canopy architecture contributed to 38.6% of the variance observed in canopy photosynthesis. The results suggest that the light environment within the canopy was a limiting factor for canopy CO2assimilation. Traits favoring greater exposure of leaf area to light such as the width of the canopy relative to the total leaf area were associated with greater canopy photosynthesis, especially in canopies with high biomass. Canopy water‐use efficiency was highly determined by canopy photosynthetic activity and therefore canopy architecture, which indicates that optimizing the canopy will also contribute to improving canopy water‐use efficiency. We discuss different breeding strategies for future programs aimed at the improvement of cowpea yield for the Sub‐Saharan African region. We show that breeding for high biomass will not optimize canopy CO2assimilation and suggest that selection should include multiple canopy traits to improve light penetration.
New series of surgical design for anterior maxillary reconstruction with deep circumflex iliac artery flap
Authors: Jie Bimeng , Lv Xiaoming , Zheng Lei , Zhang Yi , He Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrosurgical reconstruction for anterior maxillary defects presents a surgical challenge. The objective of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of a new series of intraoral surgical approach using deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap to achieve functional reconstruction for anterior maxillary defects. Two male patients with anterior maxillary defects (Brown Class IC) were treated in this study. Both patients underwent computer‐assisted maxillary reconstruction with a DCIA flap (with pedicle positioning laterally to the bony flap) using intraoral anastomosis techniques. The overall DCIA flap survival rate was 100% and mucosa was all healed uneventfully. One patient received dental implantation and loaded with prosthetic superstructures. Both patients were satisfied with their postoperative oral function and appearance. This study illustrated a new and feasible series of surgical design for anterior maxillary bone defect reconstruction with DCIA flaps and intraoral anastomosis assisted by digital techniques.
Asymmetric impact of oil price on trade balance in BRICS countries: Multiplier dynamic analysis
Authors: Ahad Muhammad , Anwer Zaheer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of oil prices on the trade balance by incorporating wholesale prices and an industrial production proxy for economic activity as supporting variables for the BRICS countries. Quarter frequency data from 1992 to 2015 is used. Keeping in view the structural breaks and resulting asymmetries, long‐run and short‐run dynamic estimations are conducted using the nonlinear ARDL approach proposed by Shin, Yu, and Greenwood‐Nimmo. We find a positive and significant asymmetric relationship between oil prices and the trade balance in Brazil, India, China and South Africa. The asymmetries of wholesale prices also have a positive and significant effect on the trade balance in the cases of Russia, India and South Africa. The asymmetries of industrial production have a significant but negative impact on the trade balance for India and South Africa. These nonlinear and diverse relationships of oil prices, wholesale prices and economic activity with the trade balance are also confirmed by long‐run parameters for BRICS countries. This study opens some new insights for policy making.
Toxicity of iron nanoparticles towards primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Canivet Ludivine , Denayer Franck‐Olivier , Dubot Pierre , Garçon Guillaume , Lo Guidice J.‐M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAir pollution is a public health issue and the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM) is well‐recognized. Although it does not mostly contribute to the total mass of PM, increasing evidence indicates that the ultrafine fraction has generally a greater toxicity than the others do. A better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathological disorders related to nanoparticles (NPs) remains essential. Hence, the goal of this study was to determine better whether the exposure to a relatively low dose of well‐characterized iron‐rich NPs (Fe‐NPs) might alter some critical toxicological endpoints in a relevant primary culture model of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). We sought to use Fe‐NPs representative of those frequently found in the industrial smokes of metallurgical industries. After having noticed the effective internalization of Fe‐NPs, oxidative, inflammatory, DNA repair, and apoptotic endpoints were investigated within HBECs, mainly through transcriptional screening. Taken together, these results revealed that, despite it only produced relatively low levels of reactive oxygen species without any significant oxidative damage, low‐dose Fe‐NPs quickly significantly deregulated the transcription of some target genes closely involved in the proinflammatory response. Although this inflammatory process seemed to stay under control over time in case of this acute scenario of exposure, the future study of its evolution after a scenario of repeated exposure could be very interesting to evaluate the toxicity of Fe‐NPs better.
Atherosclerosis and carcinoma: Two facets of dysfunctional cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Chandra Nimai C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough cholesterol is an essential and necessary component for biological systems; inappropriate accumulation of cholesterol in blood vessels and intracellular territory is also detrimental to living things. On one hand, cholesterol is the acting precursor of many metabolic regulators, a component of the structural veracity and scaffold fluidity of biomembranes, an insulator of electrical transmission in nerves and many more; on the other hand, its deposition in blood vessels induces atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular complications with the consequences of heart attack and stroke. It is also an emerging fact that cholesterol is a prelate in the cell nucleus for cell proliferation and any oddity in this venture may be the cause of tumorigenesis. Hence, cholesterol homeostasis is a very crucial element in issues of health management. Cholesterol is now a global target for maintaining quality health, particularly to control the two giants of the present world health tragedy: atherosclerosis and carcinoma, which appear to be the two facets of dysfunctional cholesterol homeostasis.
Affinity‐switchable biotin probes for the analysis of enzymes and small reactive molecules on microarray platform
Authors: Wu Chia‐Lin , Fan Chen‐Yo , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Tan Kui‐Thong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArray‐based analytical platforms have a distinct advantage of being able to detect analytes rapidly and simultaneously with the use of very small quantities of reagents and samples. However, the analyses of enzyme activities using this technique remain challenging, as the heterogeneous interface between the enzyme in the solution and the probe on the array surface impede the efficient binding and the subsequent enzymatic reaction. In this paper, we showed that the combination of affinity‐switchable biotin (ASB) probes and a novel click‐chemistry based immobilization method can overcome this heterogeneity problem. Three ASB probes were synthesized for the detection of alkaline phosphatase, nitroreductase, and the fluoride ion. This approach can be applied to determine the relative levels of phosphatase in different cell lines. We believe that the new strategy holds great potential for the effective sensing of a wide range of biomolecules in the future.
Low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with perennial allergic rhinitis but not disease severity
Authors: Ma Yan , Liu Yehai , Li Xiaohong , Qiu Jianxin , Fang Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency plays an essential role in allergic rhinitis(AR), but the role of vitamin D deficiency in perennial allergic rhinitis (pAR) remains unclear. Therefore, our study explored 25(OH)D levels in patients with pAR and healthy individuals in a single center in China for three years.MethodsA total of 655 patients with pAR and 682 healthy controls were enrolled in this study from 2015 to 2017. Patients' clinical history and symptoms were recorded. sIgE tests were performed using the allergen detection system (UniCAP), and the ADVIA centaur XP system (SIEMENS) was used to measure serum 25(OH)D levels.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between the pAR group and control group over the three‐year study period(all P < .05). Specifically, 25(OH)D levels were decreased in the pAR groups over three years. Serum25(OH)D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were noted in 66.9% ~71.9%, 22.5% ~29.4%, and 2.5%~5.6%, respectively, of patients in the pAR group and 53.2%~60.7%, 31.4%~36.6%, and 7.9% ~11.4%, respectively, of participants in the control group. We did not identify significant associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and clinical characteristics of patients with pAR over the three‐year period (all P > .05) after adjusting for sex, age, duration of disease, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), sIgE levels, number of positive allergens, and family history.ConclusionpAR patients exhibited lower serum 25(OH)D levels compared with healthy people with a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency. We did not identify a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and pAR associated factors.
NEETs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Skills, Aspirations, and Information
Authors: Alvarado Alfredo , Conde Belén , Novella Rafael , Repetto Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the role of cognitive skills, socioemotional skills, aspirations and expectations on the likelihood of being NEET (not in education, employment or training) using a novel sample of 15 to 24 year old residents of seven Latin American and Caribbean countries. After controlling for sociodemographic household conditions, we find that numeracy and literacy skills, core self‐evaluation, extraversion and educational aspirations are robust correlates of being NEET. We also find cross country heterogeneity. That is, in some countries, passion and perseverance for long‐term goals, neuroticism and labour market information biases are additional factors associated with being NEET. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The arrival and spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Juan David , Florez Carolina , Muñoz Marina , Hernández Carolina , Castillo Adriana , Gomez Sergio , Rico Angelica , Pardo Lisseth , Barros Esther C. , Castañeda Sergio , Ballesteros Nathalia , Martínez David , Vega Laura , Jaimes Jesús E. , Cruz‐Saavedra Lissa , Herrera Giovanny , Patiño Luz H. , Teherán Aníbal A. , Gonzalez‐Reiche Ana S. , Hernandez Matthew M. , Sordillo Emilia Mia , Simon Viviana , van Bakel Harm , Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe performed phylogenomic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 from 88 infected individuals across different regions of Colombia. Eleven different lineages were detected, suggesting multiple introduction events. Pangolin lineages B.1 and B.1.5 were the most frequent, with B.1 being associated with prior travel to high‐risk areas.
The structure and stability analysis of the pea seed legumin glycosylated by oligochitosan
Authors: Yang Rui , Liu Mengyao , Liu Yuqian , Meng De‐Mei , Ma Tianhua , Wang Cheng‐Tao , Liu Jie , Wang Qiaoe , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe functionality of pea proteins is relatively weak relative to that of soybean proteins, which limits the application of pea proteins in food and nutritional applications. Glycosylation is a promising approach to influence the protein structure and in turn change the functional properties of pea proteins.RESULTSIn this study, the effect of transglutaminase‐induced oligochitosan glycosylation on the structural and functional properties of pea seed legumin was studied. Different oligochitosan‐modified legumin complexes (OLCs) were prepared by applying different molar ratios of legumin to oligochitosan (1:1 to 1:4) induced by transglutaminase (10 U g−1 protein). Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), glucosamine, and free amino analysis showed that the legumin could be covalently bonded with the oligochitosan and were influenced by the applying dose of the oligochitosan. Infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the structure of the different OLC samples could be changed to different extents. Moreover, although the emulsifying activity decreased, the emulsification stability, thermal stability, and in vitro digestive stability of the OLCs were remarkably improved relative to that of the untreated legumin.CONCLUSIONOligochitosan glycosylation could change the structure of the legumin and consequently improve its emulsification stability, thermal stability, and in vitro digestive stability. This study will facilitate the legumin functionalization by the glycosylation approach to fabricate protein–oligochitosan complex for potential food and nutritional applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the Stiffness of Thyroid Parenchyma With Shear Wave Elastography Using a Free–Region of Interest Technique in Graves Disease
Authors: Kılınçer Abidin , Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Baldane Süleyman , Kıraç Cem Onur , Cebeci Hakan , Koplay Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe first aim was to evaluate the stiffness of thyroid parenchyma with shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with Graves disease (GD) and compare the elastographic values with those of asymptomatic volunteers. The second aim was to evaluate whether there was a correlation between SWE values and grayscale ultrasound (US) and laboratory parameters.MethodsIn this prospective study, the thyroid gland parenchyma of 50 patients whose clinical and laboratory findings were indicative for GD and 54 asymptomatic participants with normal laboratory values was examined by SWE. Grayscale US images of the thyroid and submandibular gland were recorded. The volume of the thyroid gland was measured. Elastographic measurements were performed with a free region of interest. The quantitative SWE values (meters per second and kilopascals) of the patient and control groups were compared. A correlation analysis between the SWE values and grayscale US and laboratory parameters was performed.ResultsThe median (range) SWE values of the thyroid gland in patients with GD were significantly higher than those of the control group [17.34 (12.58–56.15) versus 12.05 (7.72–23.67) kPa and 2.28 (1.83–4.12) versus 1.92 (1.55–2.61) m/s; P < .001 for both comparisons]. When 14.5 kPa or 2.115 m/s was designated as the cutoff value, GD could be diagnosed with a high sensitivity and specificity. We showed a negative weak correlation between the SWE values and parenchymal echogenicity in the GD group.ConclusionsShear wave elastography can be used as an effective imaging method with high sensitivity and specificity rates in the diagnosis of GD.
Acetylation of Cyclodextrin‐Threaded Polyrotaxanes Yields Temperature‐Responsive Phase Transition and Coacervate Formation Properties
Authors: Tonegawa Asato , Tamura Atsushi , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive materials have received considerable attention for their application in biomedical fields. Herein, the temperature‐dependent phase transition behavior of acetylated polyrotaxanes (Ac‐PRXs) consisting of acetylated cyclodextrins threaded onto a linear axle polymer in aqueous solution is investigated. The aqueous solutions of Ac‐PRXs exhibit temperature‐dependent transmittance changes when the degree of acetylation is 30–40%. Upon increasing the temperature, Ac‐PRXs are dehydrated and acetyl groups are subsequently associated through hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, the Ac‐PRXs form coacervate droplets with a diameter of ≈2–3 µm above their cloud points. These temperature‐responsivities of Ac‐PRXs are observed for other PRXs with different axle polymer molecular weights and compositions. Consequently, the acetylation of PRXs is an attractive chemical modification for yielding temperature‐responsivities, and Ac‐PRXs can be applied as temperature‐responsive supramolecular materials.
RCS reduction using a wideband dual logarithmic step patch PRRM in microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Swaminathan Anand , Jeyaraj Josephine Pon Gloria , G Ahila , A Afrin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadar cross‐section (RCS) reduction using a wideband dual logarithmic step patch polarization rotation reflective meta‐surface (PRRM) in microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The investigation proposes the use of designed PRRM to construct a low profile microstrip patch antenna with multiband operation, circular polarization, monostatic RCS reduction in a wider bandwidth, and virtually constant gain over the entire RCS reduction bandwidth. A dual logarithmic step patch PRRM unit cell element with FR4 superstrate is presented and it provides a relative bandwidth of 70.24% and polarization conversion ratio (PCR) greater than 90% from 6.65 to 13.85 GHz. The designed PRRM unit cells are arranged in 3 × 4 array on both sides of the designed microstrip patch antenna. This arrangement makes the antenna to operate circularly polarized at 10.33, 14.33, and 19.16 GHz with axial ratio values of 2.807, 1.963, and 1.471 dB, respectively. Also, it provides monostatic RCS reduction with 77.9% bandwidth ranging from 6.39 to 14.5 GHZ and virtually constant gain ranging from 8 to 19.7 GHz. The performance of the microstrip patch antenna with the designed PRRM are simulated and experimentally verified.
In utero opioid exposure and risk of infections in childhood: A multinational Nordic cohort study
Authors: Mahic Milada , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Wood Mollie , Kieler Helle , Odsbu Ingvild , Nørgaard Mette , Öztürk Buket , Bateman Brian T. , Hjellvik Vidar , Skurtveit Svetlana , Handal Marte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThere is an increasing number of children with in utero exposure to opioids. Knowledge about opioid safety in pregnancy, particularly for outcomes later in childhood is scarce. It has been suggested that opioids can modulate immune system and increase the risk of infections. Our goal was to study the impact of in utero opioid exposure on the immune system and the risk of infections in childhood.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study used nationwide registers from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Among pregnant women we identified users of opioids for two different indications, opioids used in opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) and opioids used for treatment of pain. We followed the exposed children and studied susceptibility for infections measured as number of antibiotic prescriptions expressed as Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and diagnoses in specialist health care expressed as hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsAfter adjustment we did not observe increased risk for filling antibiotic prescriptions in children exposed to OMT opioids compared with OMT discontinuers (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI 0.81‐1.44 in Norway and Sweden, and IRR, 0.74; 95% CI 0.63‐0.88 in Denmark), or for diagnosis of infection in specialist health care (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.55‐1.26 in Norway and Sweden, and 0.82; 95% CI 0.62‐1.10 in Denmark).ConclusionsIn this population‐based cohort study, we did not observe increased risk of infections among children prenatally exposed to OMT opioids when compared to OMT discontinuers, nor long‐term analgesic opioids exposed when compared to short‐term analgesic opioids exposed.
Development of a novel control strategy for a highly segmented injection mold tempering for inline part warpage control
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Kahve Cemi , Schmitz Mauritius 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand of precise injection‐molded parts is steadily increasing and is today one of the most relevant challenges, due to local variations in temperature and pressure during the production of the part. These variations can lead to a significant change of the local specific volume, shrinkage potential, and inner stress, which ultimately results in part warpage. By homogenizing the local specific volume over the part according to the specific pvT‐behavior of the polymer, warpage is expected to be reduced. The following work describes a new approach to control the local specific volume by a newly developed segmented and highly dynamic mold temperature control based on rapid heating ceramics and CO2 evaporation chambers. Since injection molding is a dynamic process and heat transfer inside the mold is comparably slow, a special control strategy is necessary to activate the heating and cooling elements in advance. For this, a novel prediction strategy based on a discretization of the one‐dimensional heat equation has been developed. Experimental trials including a classical PID controller and a model predictive control approach (MPC) show that the MPC is superior regarding the process stability.