bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnea syndrome comorbid with and without restless legs syndrome: differences in insomnia specific symptoms
Authors: Pistorius Franziska , Geisler Peter , Wetter Thomas C. , Crönlein Tatjana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) is frequently comorbid with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Both disorders are associated with disturbed sleep. However, data about insomnia specific symptoms in patients suffering from both sleep disorders (SAS-RLS) are rare.

Methods
In a restrospective design, we investigated 202 patients suffering from SAS and SAS-RLS. All patients underwent polysomnography, performed a vigilance test (Quatember-Maly), and completed the Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a Morning Questionnaire (FZN). Differences in insomnia specific symptoms between SAS and SAS-RLS were calculated using ANOVA. In a secondary analysis, the differences in daytime sleepiness and depression were analyzed.

Results
Of 202 patients, 42 (21%) had SAS-RLS. The proportion of women (60%) with SASRLS was higher than for men (40%) while men had had a higher proportion (71%) of SAS alone compared to women (29%), p < 0.0005. The RIS score was higher in SAS-RLS than in SAS. No differences were found in PSG data, ESS, BDI-II, or vigilance tests.

Conclusions
Patients with both disorders SAS and RLS show a higher degree of insomnia-specific symptoms than for SAS alone and may profit from additional insomnia specific treatment.
Ozonation of carbamazepine and its main transformation products: product determination and reaction mechanisms
Authors: Kråkström Matilda , Saeid Soudabeh , Tolvanen Pasi , Kumar Narendra , Salmi Tapio , Kronberg Leif , Eklund Patrik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a recalcitrant pharmaceutical often detected in wastewater and in the environment. CBZ can be removed from wastewater through advanced oxidation treatment methods such as ozonation. In this study, CBZ and its transformation product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) were ozonated, and the formation and transformation of their ozonation products were investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The main products, 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM) and BQD were quantified using isolated standards and LC-UV. Of the original CBZ concentration, 74% was transformed into BQM and 83% of BQM was further transformed into BQD. Both products are more stable than CBZ and could still be detected after 240 min of ozonation. Another major product, 2,2′-azanediyldibenzaldehyde (TP225) was for the first time identified using NMR. Twelve further CBZ products were identified.
Performative entrepreneurship: identity, behaviour and place in adventure sports Enterprise
Authors: Dobson Stephen , McLuskie Pete 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research explores entrepreneurial identity and place in adventure sports within the emerging field of sports entrepreneurship. A growing body of literature has established the broad parameters of sports entrepreneurs mainly within the fitness sector. This study applies a performative entrepreneurship lens to explore the embedded nature of identity, behaviour and place amongst mountain bike (MTB) trainers and guides. This qualitative study is based around interviews with six trainers/guides conducted via online forums as well as participatory observations made on a group ride and of a communal response to the natural environment through trail building. Findings illustrate that unlike the fitness sector where there is a more established market and where entrepreneurs often move from employment to self-employment within the sector, the MTB adventure sports entrepreneur operates in a less formalised market resulting in less formal strategic planning. ‘Place’ is an important factor in the performative nature of enterprise in this study and it is clear that it is through lifestyle entrepreneurship that the individuals are ‘performing’ identity.
Modelling Human Locomotion to Inform Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis
Authors: Martelli Saulo , Beck Belinda , Saxby David , Lloyd David , Pivonka Peter , Taylor Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the literature on hip fracture mechanics and models of hip strain during exercise to postulate the exercise regimen for best promoting hip strength.Recent FindingsThe superior neck is a common location for hip fracture and a relevant exercise target for osteoporosis. Current modelling studies showed that fast walking and stair ambulation, but not necessarily running, optimally load the femoral neck and therefore theoretically would mitigate the natural age-related bone decline, being easily integrated into routine daily activity. High intensity jumps and hopping have been shown to promote anabolic response by inducing high strain in the superior anterior neck. Multidirectional exercises may cause beneficial non-habitual strain patterns across the entire femoral neck. Resistance knee flexion and hip extension exercises can induce high strain in the superior neck when performed using maximal resistance loadings in the average population.SummaryExercise can stimulate an anabolic response of the femoral neck either by causing higher than normal bone strain over the entire hip region or by causing bending of the neck and localized strain in the superior cortex. Digital technologies have enabled studying interdependences between anatomy, bone distribution, exercise, strain and metabolism and may soon enable personalized prescription of exercise for optimal hip strength.
A world fit for money laundering: the Atlantic alliance’s undermining of organized crime control
Authors: Young Mary Alice , Woodiwiss Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis is the untold history of how prominent civil servants in the UK tailored US-devised anti-money laundering (AML) policies in ways that suited the needs of Britain’s financial services industry. In the aftermath of these initial compromises in 1987, criminal money managers in both the US and the UK were able to continue to operate in an environment that easily allowed them to hide and use dirty money. The researchers analysed six months of previously unseen personal correspondence and documents exchanged between various actors in the UK Government during 1987. From this they conclude that the core of the current, global AML regime, was not the destruction of drug money laundering and banking secrecy, nor the ending of criminal financial enablers and with it hot money; rather it was the protection and leverage of national trading interests on both sides of the Atlantic. And the drive to protect these interests would see crime control laws made, amended and changed to cater for the interests of the US and UK banking and finance industries. The file had been classified as secret and held by the UK Treasury until it was released to the public in 2017 as an archive document transferred to The National Archives in accordance with The Public Records Act and the Freedom of Information Act.
Appearance of Experience as Form and Process
Authors: Paulsen Mårten Kae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTheories of experience guide an understanding of how people’s conceptions of physical objects, events, and ideas are structured and organized. This article reviews how experience is understood as a phenomenon, a concept, and a category of phenomenology, pragmatics, and the experiential learning theory. Based on the review, the article discusses how existing theories of experience appear as static in a systemic view and are enriched when a dynamic view is added. The phenomenon of experience is analyzed as structured in recursive interactions between form and process in four layers, namely attention in sensing, categorization in perceiving, meaning in reflecting, and transformation in creating.
Money priming and children’s self-evaluations
Authors: Trzcińska Agata 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that money priming changes adults’ behavior and self-esteem, making them become more congruent with market mode. Money priming has also been seen to change behavior in children who have yet develop a complete understanding of its instrumental functions. Since money’s association with markets changes people’s behavior even in childhood, it is possible that its links and ties to self-esteem are forged at an early stage in life. The studies presented in this article aimed to verify how money priming affects various types of self-evaluations made by children. Two experimental studies were conducted. A total of 83 children aged 8–10 years took part in the first study, while 103 children aged 4–6 years took part in the second study. The results demonstrate that priming with money may change some, but not all, of children’s self-evaluations. Subsequent to money priming, children’s self-evaluations became more congruent with market mode: under the influence of money priming, children’s self-evaluations increased in domains involving perceived competences (associated with feelings of agency), but did not increase in domains related to social relationships.
Ball in the Wall: Mesenteric Fibromatosis—a Rare Case Report
Authors: Deshpande Abhinav , Tamhane Ankita , Deshpande Y. S. , Pagey Radhika , Pangarkar Meena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenteric fibromatosis-desmoid tumor of mesentery is a rare benign soft tissue tumor of mesentery. On CT, it mimics gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

Case Report
A 44-year-old female with small intestinal mass, preoperatively diagnosed radiologically and pathologically as GIST.

Conclusion
Mesenteric fibromatosis is a rare tumor often mistaken for GIST. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry is the key as management of both the tumors differs.
Bivariate Kernel Deconvolution with Panel Data
Authors: Basulto-Elias Guillermo , Carriquiry Alicia L. , De Brabanter Kris , Nordman Daniel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider estimation of the density of a multivariate response, that is not observed directly but only through measurements contaminated by additive error. Our focus is on the realistic sampling case of bivariate panel data (repeated contaminated bivariate measurements on each sample unit) with an unknown error distribution. Several factors can affect the performance of kernel deconvolution density estimators, including the choice of the kernel and the estimation approach of the unknown error distribution. As the choice of the kernel function is critically important, the class of flat-top kernels can have advantages over more commonly implemented alternatives. We describe different approaches for density estimation with multivariate panel responses, and investigate their performance through simulation. We examine competing kernel functions and describe a flat-top kernel that has not been used in deconvolution problems. Moreover, we study several nonparametric options for estimating the unknown error distribution. Finally, we also provide guidelines to the numerical implementation of kernel deconvolution in higher sampling dimensions.
The comparison of the environmental impact of steel and vinyl sheet piling: life cycle assessment study
Authors: Marcinkowski A. , Gralewski J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe literature review concerning various materials for production of sheet piles used in wet ground, waterfront and marine conditions has been presented. Polyvinyl chloride has been identified as a promising steel alternative. Despite unambiguous findings suggesting a higher environmental impact of steel sheet piles compared to polymer products, the necessity of further detailed surveys, confirming the preliminary conclusion, has been perceived. The main objective of this study has been to compare the environmental impact of steel and vinyl sheet piles taking into consideration various corrosion rate depending on the local conditions. The comparative life cycle assessment analyses have been carried out according to a cradle-to-site approach. The comparison of indicators has shown that the environmental impact of polymer products had been significantly lower than that of steel products. In case of the most aggressive environment, the differences of results have reached an order of magnitude. The dominant environmental impact has resulted from the production process of sheet piles. An uncertainty analysis has been carried out by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The study has also provided sensitivity analysis to the assumptions of the model applied. The minimum thickness of steel sheet piles after 50 years of use, including loss allowances and protective coatings, as well as different parameters of transport has been analyzed. Irrespective of the assumed conditions, the general conclusion has remained the same: steel sheet piles indicated significantly higher environmental impact than vinyl sheet piles.
Ablation of C/SiC-HfC composite prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis in plasma wind tunnel
Authors: Duan Liuyang , Luo Lei , Liu Liping , Wang Yiguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide-hafnium carbide (C/SiC-HfC) composite was prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process. Then, ablation behavior of C/SiC-HfC was evaluated in plasma wind tunnel. It was found that oxide layer formed during ablation significantly influenced the surface temperature. Formation of dense HfO2-SiO2 layer under low heat flux led to stable surface temperature. Silica (SiO2) on the surface was gradually consumed when heat flux increased, resulting in conversion of HfO2-SiO2 on the surface to HfO2. Converted HfO2 with high catalytic coefficient absorbed more energy, causing gradual increase in the surface temperature. Formed oxide layer was destroyed at high heat flux and high stagnation point pressure. After carbon fiber lost the protection of HfO2-SiO2 layer, it burned immediately, leading to surface temperature jump.
Bioethical implications of end-of-life decision-making in patients with dementia: a tale of two societies
Authors: Mondragón Jaime D. , Salame-Khouri Latife , Kraus-Weisman Arnoldo S. , De Deyn Peter P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnd-of-life decision-making in patients with dementia is a complex topic. Belgium and the Netherlands have been at the forefront of legislative advancement and progressive societal changes concerning the perspectives toward physician-assisted death (PAD). Careful consideration of clinical and social aspects is essential during the end-of-life decision-making process in patients with dementia. Geriatric assent provides the physician, the patient and his family the opportunity to end life with dignity. Unbearable suffering, decisional competence, and awareness of memory deficits are among the clinical considerations that physicians should incorporate during the end-of-life decision-making process. However, as other societies introduce legislature granting the right of PAD, new social determinants should be considered; Mexico City is an example. Current perspectives regarding advance euthanasia directives (AED) and PAD in patients with dementia are evolving. A new perspective that hinges on the role of the family and geriatric assent should help culturally heterogeneous societies in the transition of their public health care policies regarding end-of-life choices.
Bioinspired Multiscale Wrinkling Patterns on Curved Substrates: An Overview
Authors: Tan Yinlong , Hu Biru , Song Jia , Chu Zengyong , Wu Wenjian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core–shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.
Clustering of mixed-type data considering concept hierarchies: problem specification and algorithm
Authors: Behzadi Sahar , Müller Nikola S. , Plant Claudia , Böhm Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost clustering algorithms have been designed only for pure numerical or pure categorical data sets, while nowadays many applications generate mixed data. It raises the question how to integrate various types of attributes so that one could efficiently group objects without loss of information. It is already well understood that a simple conversion of categorical attributes into a numerical domain is not sufficient since relationships between values such as a certain order are artificially introduced. Leveraging the natural conceptual hierarchy among categorical information, concept trees summarize the categorical attributes. In this paper, we introduce the algorithmClicoT(CLustering mixed-type dataIncludingCOnceptTrees) as reported by Behzadi et al. (Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer, Cham, 2019) which is based on the minimum description length principle. Profiting of the conceptual hierarchies, ClicoT integrates categorical and numerical attributes by means of a MDL-based objective function. The result of ClicoT is well interpretable since concept trees provide insights into categorical data. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real data sets illustrate that ClicoT is noise-robust and yields well-interpretable results in a short runtime. Moreover, we investigate the impact of concept hierarchies as well as various data characteristics in this paper.
A novel approach of linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variables and their application in decision making
Authors: Qiyas Muhammad , Abdullah Saleem , Muneeza  
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed the notion of linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variables and defined some aggregation operators to deal with uncertainties in the form of linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variables (LICHVs).
LICHVs operators have more flexibility due to the general fuzzy set. We developed a series of aggregation operators, namely linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variable averaging and linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variable geometric aggregation operators. The distinguished feature of the developed operators is discussed. At that point, we used the developed operators to design a model to solve multi-criteria decision making issues with linguistic intuitionistic cubic hesitant variables. Further, the proposed method applied to explosion incident occurred in a chemical factory. We also proved that our developed model is practical and gives the decision makers more mathematical insight during the decision making on their options. Finally, a systematic comparison is conducted with other existent methods to show the advantage of our developed method.
Spatial analysis and visualization of global data on multi-resolution hexagonal grids
Authors: Stough T. , Cressie N. , Kang E. L. , Michalak A. M. , Sahr K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, computation for the purpose of spatial visualization is presented in the context of understanding the variability in global environmental processes. Here, we generate synthetic but realistic global data sets and input them into computational algorithms that have a visualization capability; we call this a simulation–visualization system. Visualization is key here, because the algorithms which we are evaluating must respect the spatial structure of the input. We modify, augment, and integrate four existing component technologies: statistical conditional simulation, Discrete Global Grids (DGGs), Array Set Addressing, and a visualization platform for displaying our results on a globe. The internal representation of the data to be visualized is built around the need for efficient storage and computation as well as the need to move up and downresolutions in a mutually consistent way. In effect, we have constructed a Geographic Information System that is based on a DGG and has desirable data storage, computation, and visualization capabilities. We provide an example of how our simulation–visualization system may be used, by evaluating a computational algorithm called Spatial Statistical Data Fusion that was developed for use on big, remote-sensing data sets.
Partitioning the Uncertainty of Ensemble Projections of Global Glacier Mass Change
Authors: Marzeion Ben , Hock Regine , Anderson Brian , Bliss Andrew , Champollion Nicolas , Fujita Koji , Huss Matthias , Immerzeel Walter W. , Kraaijenbrink Philip , Malles Jan‐Hendrik , Maussion Fabien , Radić Valentina , Rounce David R. , Sakai Akiko , Shannon Sarah , van de Wal Roderik , Zekollari Harry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlacier mass loss is recognized as a major contributor to current sea level rise. However, large uncertainties remain in projections of glacier mass loss on global and regional scales. We present an ensemble of 288 glacier mass and area change projections for the 21st century based on 11 glacier models using up to 10 general circulation models and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) as boundary conditions. We partition the total uncertainty into the individual contributions caused by glacier models, general circulation models, RCPs, and natural variability. We find that emission scenario uncertainty is growing throughout the 21st century and is the largest source of uncertainty by 2100. The relative importance of glacier model uncertainty decreases over time, but it is the greatest source of uncertainty until the middle of this century. The projection uncertainty associated with natural variability is small on the global scale but can be large on regional scales. The projected global mass loss by 2100 relative to 2015 (79 ± 56 mm sea level equivalent for RCP2.6, 159 ± 86 mm sea level equivalent for RCP8.5) is lower than, but well within, the uncertainty range of previous projections.