bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVIII-24 Evaluating supplementation programs for growing calves grazing bermudagrass pastures
Authors: Beck Paul A , Kegley Elizabeth B , Hess Thomas , Hubbell Don S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Operational time constraints limit producer’s ability to manage supplement delivery, thus we aimed to determine gain response to self-fed (SF) or hand-fed (HF) summer supplementation programs at the University of Arkansas Livestock and Forestry Research Station on 20, 0.81-ha common bermudagrass pastures stocked with 5 growing calves per pasture (BW ± SD = 247 ± 24.6). This research was a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments, including: Control (CON) – only free choice mineral; HF 1.13 kg/d corn gluten feed/soybean hull supplement offered all summer (AS) or only late summer (LS); SF tub supplement (PVM Cattle Tub, Positive Feed Ltd., Sealy, TX) either AS or LS. Supplement costs (US dollars) were $0.82/kg for SF and $0.23/kg for HF supplements. Consumption of SFAS was 0.44 kg/day in the early summer, while late summer intakes were 0.25 and 0.38 kg/d for SFLS and SFAS, respectively. In early summer HF increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG compared with CON and SFAS. During the late summer, HF increased ADG compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05) and HFAS tended (P = 0.08) to have greater ADG than both SFAS and SFLS. Added gain:supplement in the early summer did not differ (P = 0.38), 0.17 for SFAS and 0.31 for HFAS. Late summer gain:supplement did not differ (P = 0.56) averaging 0.58, 0.23, 0.17, and 0.23 for SFLS, SFAS, HFLS, HFAS. Cost of added gains in LS were SFLS and HFLS at $1.45 and $1.36/kg, respectively. Providing supplements AS resulted in $4.38 and $0.84/kg cost of added gain for SFAS and HFAS. Providing HF supplements all summer is a cost effective way to increase gains of growing calves grazing bermudagrass, providing supplements only during the late summer may be cost effective for both SF and HF supplements depending on economic conditions.
PSV-39 The relationship between structural integrity and sperm survival during hypothermic storage of stallion sperm
Authors: Zaitsev Alexander , Bragina Elizaveta , Atroshchenko Mikhail , Kalashnikov Valerii , Nezalenova Anastasiya , Frolova Natalia , Blokhina Taisiya , Nikitkina Elena , Musidray Artem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between ultrastructural integrity and sperm survival during hypothermic storage of chilled and cryopreserved stallion sperm. Semen from 37 stallions, were collected during the breeding season. The structural integrity of sperm was studied using a Hitachi 700 electron microscope. Progressive motility was evaluated using an Olympus BX 41 phase contrast microscope. Sperm survival was defined as the ability of spermatozoa to maintain progressive motility above 5% during hypothermic (+4C) storage of sperm. Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis was used. Sperm survival at a temperature +4°C in chilled semen averaged 115.4±11.47 hours. After freezing sperm survival decreased on average to 48.9±5.56 hours (P &lt; 0.001). A reliable correlation between the number of sperm with intact heads and sperm survival at a temperature of + 4°C in diluted (r=0.60; P &lt; 0.001) and thawed (r=0.63; P &lt; 0.001) sperm was established. A significant negative correlation between the number of spermatozoa with degradation of the acrosome in native sperm and their survival (r=-0.48; P &lt; 0.01) under the hypothermic storage was found. For cryopreserved semen, a similar dependence has not been established. A significant correlation between the number of spermatozoa with the normal position of the acrosome and the sperm survival rate in native sperm was also established (r=0.52; P &lt; 0.01). A significant negative correlation between sperm with acrosome hypoplasia and sperm survival was found (r=-0.67; P &lt; 0.001). We assume that the structural integrity and ability of spermatozoa to maintain progressive motility for a long time under conditions of hypothermic storage depends on the quality of spermatogenesis and the resistance of cells to low and ultra-low temperatures. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101, development program of Bioresource collections “Cryobank of genetic recourses the All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding.”
PSVIII-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Somatic cells count in dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Aitmukhanbetov Daulet , Abylgazinova Aizhan , Tleulenov Zhumadiya , Serikbaeva Aliya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
According to requirements of the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products in our republic somatic cells count should be less than 750,000 cells / mL. Achieving this level is possible with the implementation of somatic cell programs based on the experience of laboratories in Western Europe and Northern America (G.M. Jones). Somatic cells in milk are counted in the United States and Canada as part of the National Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) program. The result was a significant improvement of the dairy herd by mastitis level (Barkema H.W., Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J., Beiboer M.L., Wilmink H. et al. 1998). Average somatic cell content was less than 200 thousand cells/mL. The purpose was to determine somatic cells count in the herds of Republic of Kazakhstan and to test the SCC program. Research work was carried out under project “Improving the breeding methods efficiency.” The chemical composition and somatic cell count were carried out on a CombiFossFT + infrared analyzer. The results of counting somatic cells in milk of dairy cows in the farms of the northern region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, showed that the quality of milk in most dairy farms meets the requirements of the technical regulation on the quality and safety of milk (table 1). According to the table, it can be said that livestock of dairy cattle by 16% or more are affected by clinical and subclinical mastitis. Moreover, each farm receives less than 6% or more of milk. To increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to introduce a program for somatic cell counting into the practice of dairy laboratories.
PSVIII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Variability in body composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Salgado Hector H , Remus Aline , Letourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Pomar Candido 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Growing pigs’ body composition variation can be associated with differences in insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect on protein and lipid synthesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate this association by relating the individual insulin response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the body composition of growing pigs. Thirty 95 kg jugular vein catheterized pigs received an oral dose of 1.75 g of glucose/kg of BW after 18 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300 and 360 min following glucose ingestion. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated and analyzed. Body lipids (LB, %) and protein (PB, %) composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry. Association between body composition and insulin sensitivity were studied by using partial least squares and correlations. Average LB and PB were 19.7% (CV = 7.6 %) and 16.2% (CV = 2.2%), respectively. Basal insulin blood concentration and area-under-the-curve (AUC) CV (51.9 % and 26.9 %, respectively) were larger than those for basal glucose and AUC (5.52 and 5.48 %, respectively). Additionally, insulin sensitivity (%S), steady-state beta cell function (%B), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA 2) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were highly variable between pigs which CV ranged from 30.1 % to 54.5 %. These results can indicate an early stage of insulin resistance in an important part of the studied pig population. LB and PB were affected by insulin sensitivity indexes (P &lt; 0.05) which accounted, respectively, for 48% and 44% of the observed variation. In conclusion, lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher body fat in growing pigs raised under similar conditions.
PSX-37 Late-Breaking Abstracts: Effects of metformin on body temperature regulation and breast muscle growth in male broiler chickens
Authors: Huang Yan , Shelby Sarah , Wang Yongjie , Ge Jing , Dridi Sami 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chickens provide models for human physiology research, as their normal physiological status mimics mammalian obesity and human Type II diabetes. Metformin is a common medication used to treat Type II diabetes. Prior studies have demonstrated metformin’s ability to induce the “browning” phenomenon of white adipose tissue and promote non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). The objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation of metformin can promote NST to reduce body fat mass and increase metabolism in broiler chickens. Male broiler chicks (n = 72) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (6 chickens/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to control basal diet (CON), basal plus 0.5 g/kg metformin (MET05), or basal plus 1.0 g/kg metformin (MET1). Two chicks were harvested from each pen on d7, d14, and d21. Total breast weight (TBW) and liver weight (LW) were recorded. IButton temperature loggers were implanted in chickens on d19. ADFI was highest in MET05 at d7 and d21, lowest in MET1 at d7, and highest in MET1 at d14. ADFI was lowest in CON group at d14 and d21. MET1 showed a negative effect on G:F at d7 and d14. MET05 group had the highest BW, TBW, and LW at all intervals. CON group had the lowest TBW at d14, but significantly higher than MET1 at d21. MET1 group had the lowest TBW at d7 and d21, lowest LW at d7 and d14, while CON group had the lowest LW at d21. CON had the highest breast/BW ratio, while MET1 group had the lowest. MET05 and MET01 had higher liver:BW ratio than CON group at d21. Data distribution showed less variation for internal body temperature in the MET05 group compared with CON and MET1. These results suggest that low dosage metformin helps regulate body temperature and increase breast muscle growth in broilers in earlier life stage.
PSIII-20 Dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation in sows during late gestation improves reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant status, and immune function of sows and piglets
Authors: Long Shenfei , He Tengfei , Wu Di , Piao Xiangshu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) supplementation in sows during late gestation on reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant status and immune function [NSFC 31772612]. Forty Yorkshire × Landrace gestating sows (average parity of 3.28 ± 0.61; average body weight of 240.16 ± 6.81 kg) were assigned to 2 treatments with 20 sows per treatment based on body weight, back fat thickness and parity. From d 85 of gestation to farrowing, sows were supplemented with a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CON), and a FSE diet (basal diet + 100 mg / kg FSE). The results showed that sows fed FSE had increased (P &lt; 0.05) litter weight, fat and protein contents in colostrum compared with CON. Dietary FSE supplementation in sows could increase (P &lt; 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase contents, and decrease (P &lt; 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde in colostrum, and increase (P &lt; 0.05) the contents of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Additionally, sows fed FSE could also increase (P &lt; 0.05) the content of immunoglobulin A in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Sows fed FSE had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased (P &lt; 0.05) content of IL-10 in serum and colostrum of sows, and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) contents IL-6 and IL-8 in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Sows fed FSE showed increased (P &lt; 0.05) content of glucose in colostrum and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) content of serum urea of their offspring compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary FSE supplementation in sows during late gestation could improve litter weight, colostrum fat and protein contents, antioxidant status, immunoglobulin, inflammatory cytokines of sows and piglets.
PSIII-33 Stability and function of encapsulated Lactobacillus zeae for pig gut health
Authors: Li Linyan , Wang Xiaoyin , Yu Hai , Wang Qi , Verso Luca Lo , Lessard Martin , Mondor Martin , Choi Janghan , Yang Chengbo , Blais Mylène , Gong Joshua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lactobacilli have been used in livestock production to improve animal gut health; however, they are heat sensitive, which limits their use as feed additives. We have developed a novel spray-drying encapsulation technology that resulted in an approximately 0.5-log reduction of Lactobacillus zeae LB1, a probiotic bacterium known for its potential to reduce the infections caused by Salmonella and enterotoxigenic E. coli in vivo. In this study, encapsulated LB1 was evaluated for its stability during storage and feed pelleting and for its potential to modulate piglet performance. After 14-month storage at 4℃ and 22℃ in a sealed container, the survival rate of encapsulated LB1 represented 17.1% and 85.6% reduction of the original concentration, respectively. In the feed pelleting test, the survived non-encapsulated LB1 in pelleted or mash feed was 1-log lower in the concentration than encapsulated LB1 on the 7th and 30th day after pelleting. To examine the influence of LB1 alone or in combination with colostrum on pig performance, 80 newly-weaned piglets were equally allocated to five groups: 1) basal diets (control-CTL); 2) basal diets supplemented with non-encapsulated LB1 (NEP); 3) basal diets supplemented with encapsulated LB1 (EP); 4) basal diets supplemented with bovine colostrum (BC); 5) basal diets supplemented with EP and BC (EP-BC, same dose as in Group 3 or 4). No significant difference in growth performance was observed between the CTL group and other dietary treatments after five days’ treatment. Supplementation of LB1 or colostrum individually did not affect the population size of Lactobacillus in the ileum and colon of pigs. However, the EP-BC group had a significantly increased population of Lactobacillus in both the ileum and colon (94.57-fold and 23.51-fold, respectively) compared with the CTL group. In conclusion, our encapsulation technology can increase survival and delivery of Lactobacillus zeae potentially beneficial to piglet performance.
PSII-24 Assessment of the contractility of bovine lateral saphenous and digital veins in response to ergot alkaloids
Authors: Klotz James L , Stokley Hannah , Ji Huihua , Chattopadhyay Nabanita , Harmon David L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Decreased blood flow caused by vasoconstriction is a hallmark of ergot alkaloid exposure. Previous research has utilized the cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein as a model to characterize the impact of ergot alkaloids on bovine peripheral vasculature. The digital vein is more distal and closer to the hoof where damage caused by vasoconstriction occurs and may be more sensitive to ergot alkaloids. Thus, the objective was to compare contractility of the bovine lateral saphenous vein and the digital vein to increasing concentrations of ergot alkaloids. Blood vessels were collected from Holstein steers at slaughter (n = 12; 551 ±29 kg), cleaned, cut into 2-mm cross-sections, and mounted in a multi-myograph. In the myograph blood vessels were submersed in continuously gassed (95% O2/5% CO2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Following a 1.5-hr tension equilibration, blood vessels were exposed to a reference dose of 1x10-4 M norepinephrine. Digital and lateral saphenous veins from each steer were then exposed to increasing concentrations of a-ergocryptine (ERP), ergotamine (ERT), ergocristine (ERS), ergocornine (ERO), ergonovine (ERN), tall fescue seed extract (EXT; dilutions based on measured ergovaline concentration), lysergic acid (LSA), and lysergol (LYS) were diluted to final concentrations for use in the tissue bath of 5x10-10 to 1x10-4 M. All resultant contractile response data were normalized as a percentage of the 1x10-4 M norepinephrine response and analyzed as randomized design for effects of vein and alkaloid concentration. The maximal contractile response induced by EXT, ERT, ERO, ERS, and ERP did not differ by vein type and EXT was the most vasoactive alkaloid. The response to ERN was greater for the saphenous than the digital vein (P = 0.03) and LYS and LSA did not differ (P &gt;0.05). These data confirm that the cranial branch of lateral saphenous vein is a representative model of peripheral vasculature of the bovine hindlimb.
PSII-34 Placental GLUT3 (SLC2A3) RNA interference: Impact on fetal growth at mid-gestation
Authors: Lynch Cameron , Ali Asghar , Kennedy Victoria , Tanner Amelia R , Winger Quinton A , Anthony Russell V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Glucose is the predominant energy substrate for fetal oxidative processes and growth, and is taken up by the placenta and transported to the fetus by the facilitative transporters GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and GLUT3 (SLC2A3). SLC2A1 is the most abundant placental transporter, and as such is believed to be the primary glucose transporter in human and sheep placenta. However, SLC2A3 exhibits a six-fold greater glucose transport capacity, and in sheep, SLC2A3 is localized to the apical trophoblast membrane, whereas SLC2A1 is predominantly localized to the basolateral membrane, indicating that both may be required for optimal fetal development. It was our objective to use placenta-specific RNA interference (RNAi) to diminish SLC2A3, and determine the impact at mid-gestation (75 dGA) in sheep. Single hatched blastocysts were harvested and the trophectoderm was infected with lentiviral constructs expressing either a scramble control (SC) or SLC2A3-specific (GLUT3-RNAi) short-hairpin RNA, and then surgically transferred into a synchronized recipient. The resulting pregnancies underwent ultrasound Doppler velocimetry and fetal measurements at 70 dGA, and a terminal surgery at 75 dGA for collection of uterine and umbilical arterial and venous blood, fetal and placental measurements and tissue samples. Due to a lack of fetal sex x treatment interactions, statistical comparisons between SC (n = 6) and GLUT3-RNAi (n = 6) pregnancies were made by Student’s T-test. At 70 dGA, while umbilical artery velocimetry was not impacted, biparietal diameter (P ≤ 0.10), femur length and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05) were reduced in GLUT3-RNAi pregnancies. These results were confirmed at 75 dGA surgery, as GLUT3-RNAi fetuses had reduced fetal weight (P ≤ 0.10), head circumference (P ≤ 0.05), femur length (P ≤ 0.05), and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05). While it has been suggested that GLUT3 is predominantly important in late gestation, these preliminary data indicate that GLUT3 is important for normal fetal development during the first-half of gestation as well. Supported by NIH grant HD094952.
PSII-30 Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Nutrition on the Concentration of Neuropeptide Y in the Third Ventricle Cerebrospinal Fluid in Beef Heifers
Authors: West Sarah M , O’Neil Meaghan M , Maia Tatiane S , Fahey Sterling H , Williams Gary L , Cardoso Rodolfo C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nutrition during gestation and early postnatal life can program developmental changes within the reproductive neuroendocrine system that persist until adult life. Here we tested the hypotheses that maternal nutrition during the second and third trimester of gestation and dietary energy intake during the juvenile period interact to affect concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after fasting (basal) and in response to peripheral leptin administration in heifer offspring. Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers were developed using a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of pre- and postnatal dietary treatments. Beginning at the onset of the second trimester of gestation, pregnant Braford and Brangus cows were fed to reach body condition scores of 7.5–8 (H, obese), 5–5.5 (M, moderate), or 3–3.5 (L; very thin) during the third trimester. Heifer offspring were weaned at ~3.5 mo of age and fed to gain at either a relatively high (H; 1 kg/d) or low (L, 0.5 kg/d) rate between 4–8 mo of age, then fed a common diet subsequently. A subgroup of pubertal heifers (n = 6/group) representing 3 of the maternal × postnatal groups (HH, MH, and LL) were ovariectomized and received estradiol replacement after puberty. Cannulas were placed surgically in the third ventricle. After at least a 2-wk recovery period, heifers were fasted for 54 h and CSF was collected every 30 min for 5.5 h, including a 30-min basal and 5-h treatment period involving 3 hourly IV injections of recombinant oleptin (0.2 µg/kg BW). Basal and post-leptin NPY concentrations in the CSF did not differ (P &gt; 0.10) among LL, MH, and HH heifers. Treatment with leptin had no effect (P &gt; 0.10) on NPY concentration in any group. Therefore, neither the interaction of pre- and postnatal nutrition nor exogenous leptin affected third ventricle NPY tone in this experimental model.
PSXI-21 Program Chair Poster Pick: Performance indicators of animal production and prices over the cost of feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Sartorello Gustavo L , Souza Miguel , Reis Beatriz Q , Boldrin Guilherme , Rezende Vanessa , Moreno Danny , Alves Laya , Gameiro Augusto H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the zootechnical performance indicators and the price main cost items on the total production cost of feedlot beef cattle. We used a mathematical model of the production cost, which considered the cost of the items according to the Economic Theory. Costs were allocated into: i) variable costs, ii) fixed costs, and iii) factor income. A survey was carried out in 2015, with ten farmers in the state of São Paulo, to define the technical indicators of production. The representative property was defined with 27 thousand animals slaughtered per year. The spot prices used in our analysis were collected in December 2019. Elasticity was calculated and expressed as a relationship between two interrelated functional variables. We estimated elasticities for the variables: animals purchase of 355 kg ($1.78/kg), feed price ($0.17/kg of dry matter), interest rate (4.5%), average daily gains (1.616 kg), and carcass yield (55.46%). This way we compared the variation of total cost per carcass kilo caused by increases of 1% in each of the considered variables. In the base scenario, production cost was US$ 3.11/kg and the variable cost of the activity represented 94.9% of the total costs, which of purchase animals, feed and variable taxes were 69.5%, and 20.6% and 3.8%, respectively. Increases of 1% in each of those variables caused variations of, respectively, +0,71%, +0,21%, 0,01%, -0,98%, and -0,98% on production cost unit. In conclusion, the purchase price of animals for feedlot activity is interrelated to the total cost. The average daily gains and carcass yield is also a zootechnical performance that presented a direct relation with the reduction of total costs. Thus, this demonstrates that farmers should improve management practices in the purchase of inputs and the performance of animal production.