bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compression waves reflection from the low-velocity azimuthally anisotropic medium: a physical model study
Authors: Kolesnikov YuI , Fedin K V , Ngomayezwe L 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYInterest in azimuthal anisotropy of rocks is mainly associated with fractured reservoirs, which may contain hydrocarbon deposits. Cracks in such deposits in most cases have a subvertical orientation, which is caused by the predominance of vertical stresses in rocks over horizontal ones. To determine the azimuthal direction of fractures, one can use, in particular, the dependence of the reflection coefficients of elastic waves on the boundaries with such media on the azimuth. This paper presents the results of physical modelling, demonstrating this dependence. To conduct experiments, we developed a technology for manufacturing models of azimuthally anisotropic (HTI) media with a high degree of anisotropy by 3-D printing. The features of the reflection of compression waves from the boundary of water and low-velocity azimuthally anisotropic media were experimentally investigated on the example of the model HTI medium produced by this method. Experiments have shown that at angles of incidence less than 25°, the reflection coefficients are practically independent from the azimuth. However, at larger angles of incidence, an azimuthal dependence of the reflection coefficients is observed, most pronounced at azimuths from 45° to 75°. The results of measurements in the direction of the isotropy plane agree well with the theoretical reflection coefficients for the boundary of isotropic media.
Robust wavefield inversion via phase retrieval
Authors: Aghamiry H S , Gholami A , Operto S 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
Extended formulation of full waveform inversion (FWI), called wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI), offers potential benefits of decreasing the non-linearity of the inverse problem by replacing the explicit inverse of the wave-equation operator of classical FWI (the oscillating Green functions) with a suitably defined data-driven regularized inverse. This regularization relaxes the wave-equation constraint to reconstruct wavefields that match the data, hence mitigating the risk of cycle skipping. The subsurface model parameters are then updated in a direction that reduces these constraint violations. However, in the case of a rough initial model, the phase errors in the reconstructed wavefields may trap the waveform inversion in a local minimum leading to inaccurate subsurface models. In this paper, in order to avoid matching such incorrect phase information during the early WRI iterations, we design a new cost function based upon phase retrieval, namely a process which seeks to reconstruct a signal from the amplitude of linear measurements. This new formulation, called wavefield inversion with phase retrieval (WIPR), further improves the robustness of the parameter estimation subproblem by a suitable phase correction. We implement the resulting WIPR problem with an alternating-direction approach, which combines the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm to linearise the phase-retrieval term and a variable splitting technique based upon the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). This new workflow equipped with Tikhonov-Total variation (TT) regularization, which is the combination of second-order Tikhonov and total variation regularizations and bound constraints, successfully reconstructs the 2004 BP salt model from a sparse fixed-spread acquisition using a 3 Hz starting frequency and a homogeneous initial velocity model.
An objective methodology capturing online commodity marketing and other harms
Authors: Vaipuna Tevita , Allison Lucy , Bhasin Abhinav , Choi Kimberley , Chu Agnes , Grice Karl , Hay Alice , Huang Stephanie , Jarvis Ellie-May , Laing Bridie , Lewis Alexandra , Moriarty Ripeka Huitau , Obafemi Tobi , Rajendra Prishita , Simpson James , Tay Albertina , Yang Anne , Smith Moira , Gage Ryan , Chambers Tim , Lyons Antonia , Ormandy Jeff , Signal Louise 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Increasingly life is lived online, yet little is known about the actual nature and extent of online content that people view due to the difficulty of recording real time exposure. This includes people’s exposure to harmful commodity marketing. This study aimed to develop a methodology to assess the nature and extent of exposure to, and engagement with, unhealthy commodity marketing and other public health harms online, particularly children’s exposure. A convenience sample of 16 young adult participants (aged 21–29) recorded their device usage for 2 days using Zoom software. Data were coded and analysed to assess the nature and extent of marketing for alcohol, gambling, junk food and smoking products. Four focus groups were conducted with participants to explore their data collection and coding experiences, and results assessed using thematic analysis. The study found that, with some modifications, this method was feasible for gathering real-time objective data from the online world that can be analysed for a range of public health harms, including marketing of unhealthy commodities. Larger studies are recommended to build global evidence for public health action in the online world.
NHP2 deficiency impairs rRNA biogenesis and causes pulmonary fibrosis and Høyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome
Authors: Benyelles Maname , O’Donohue Marie-Françoise , Kermasson Laëtitia , Lainey Elodie , Borie Raphael , Lagresle-Peyrou Chantal , Nunes Hilario , Cazelles Clarisse , Fourrage Cécile , Ollivier Emmanuelle , Marcais Ambroise , Gamez Anne-Sophie , Morice-Picard Fanny , Caillaud Denis , Pottier Nicolas , Ménard Christelle , Ba Ibrahima , Fernandes Alicia , Crestani Bruno , de Villartay Jean-Pierre , Gleizes Pierre-Emmanuel , Callebaut Isabelle , Kannengiesser Caroline , Revy Patrick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes. The telomerase complex, constituted of the catalytic subunit TERT, the RNA matrix hTR and several cofactors, including the H/ACA box ribonucleoproteins Dyskerin, NOP10, GAR1, NAF1 and NHP2, regulates telomere length. In humans, inherited defects in telomere length maintenance are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical premature aging manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer. NHP2 mutations have been so far reported only in two patients with DC. Here, we report the first case of Høyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome, the severe form of DC, caused by biallelic missense mutations in NHP2. Additionally, we identified three unrelated patients with PF carrying NHP2 heterozygous mutations. Strikingly, one of these patients acquired a somatic mutation in the promoter of TERT that likely conferred a selective advantage in a subset of blood cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a functional deficit of human NHP2 affects ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Together, our results broaden the functional consequences and clinical spectrum of NHP2 deficiency.
Inflammatory bowel disease in Africa: what is the current state of knowledge?
Authors: Hodges Phoebe , Kelly Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a global disease in the twenty-first century; however, little is known about its epidemiology in Africa. We conducted a literature review in order to assess what is currently known on this subject, the results of which are reported here. Based on available observational studies, it appears that the incidence of IBD in Africa is rising, although comprehensive epidemiological data are lacking. This is likely due to multiple factors, including shifting trends in diet and exposure to environmental pathogens. Many challenges relating to IBD exist for healthcare systems in Africa, including the need for improved access to diagnostic facilities such as endoscopy and histopathology, and the potential economic burden of treatment. Intestinal TB also represents a significant confounding factor in the diagnosis of IBD in Africa.
In vitro activities of acetylmidecamycin and other antimicrobials against human macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Wang Na , Zhou Yunheng , Zhang Hong , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the in vitro activities of acetylmidecamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, and 11 other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas.

Methods
A total of 187 clinical isolates, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 110), Mycoplasma hominis (n = 26) and Ureaplasma species (n = 51), were included in this study. The MICs of 12 antimicrobial agents, including acetylmidecamycin, thiamphenicol, chloramphenicol and some other macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, for these clinical isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method.

Results
For M. pneumoniae, the MIC90 values of the tested macrolides were: acetylmidecamycin (1 mg/L)&lt;josamycin (4 mg/L)&lt;midecamycin (8 mg/L)&lt;azithromycin (16 mg/L)&lt;erythromycin (&gt;128 mg/L). Thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol had the same MIC90 (2 mg/L). For Ureaplasma species, the MIC90 values were: acetylmidecamycin (0.25 mg/L)&lt;josamycin (0.5 mg/L)=midecamycin&lt;azithromycin (1 mg/L)=erythromycin. Chloramphenicol had a lower MIC90 (2 mg/L) than that of thiamphenicol (4 mg/L). For M. hominis, the MIC90 values were: acetylmidecamycin (0.25 mg/L)&lt;josamycin (0.5 mg/L)&lt;midecamycin (2 mg/L)&lt;azithromycin (&gt;128 mg/L)=erythromycin. The MIC90 values of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol were 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusions
The results indicated that acetylmidecamycin and thiamphenicol are active in vitro against the most common mycoplasma species infecting humans, including those resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Acetylmidecamycin and thiamphenicol might be a promising option for clinicians to treat infections caused by Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp., particularly macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae in paediatrics and fluoroquinolone-resistant M. hominis in adults. Further investigation of their clinical roles in treating infections caused by these organisms is warranted.
Simple Laboratory Test-Based Risk Scores in Coronary Catheterization: Development, Validation, and Comparison to Conventional Risk Factors
Authors: Gerling Michael E , Dong Yuan , Abdalla Beelal , James Matthew T , Wilton Stephen B , Naugler Christopher T , Southern Danielle A , Galbraith P Diane , O’Neill Blair , Knudtson Merril , de Koning Lawrence ,   for the APPROACH Investigators
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
We developed and validated laboratory test–based risk scores (i.e., lab risk scores) to reclassify mortality risk among patients undergoing their first coronary catheterization.

Methods
Patients were catheterized between 2009 and 2015 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada (n = 14 135, derivation cohort), and in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (n = 12 143, validation cohort). Logistic regression with group LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) penalty was used to select quintiles of the last laboratory tests (red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, platelet count, total white blood cell count, plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, international normalized ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate) performed &lt;30 days before catheterization and by age and sex that were significantly associated with death ≤60  and &gt;60 days after catheterization. Follow-up was until 2016. Risk scores were developed from significant tests, internally validated in Calgary among bootstrap samples and externally validated in Edmonton after recalibration using coefficients developed in Calgary. Interaction tests were performed, and net reclassification improvement vs conventional demographic and clinical risk factors was determined.

Results
Lab risk scores were strongly associated with mortality (29–40× for top vs bottom quintile, P for trends &lt;0.01), had good discrimination and were well calibrated in Calgary (C = 0.80–0.85, slope = 0.99–1.01) and Edmonton (C = 0.80–0.82; slope = 1.02–1.05)—similar to demographic and clinical risk factors alone. Associations were attenuated by several comorbidities; however, scores appropriately reclassified 11%–20% of deaths (both follow-up periods) and 6%–9% of survivors (&gt;60 days) after catheterization vs demographic and clinical risk factors.

Conclusions
In 2 populations of patients undergoing their first coronary catheterization, risk scores based on simple laboratory tests were as powerful as a combination of demographic and clinical risk factors in predicting mortality. Lab risk scores should be used for patients undergoing coronary catheterization.
Unmet information needs of clinical teams delivering care to complex patients and design strategies to address those needs
Authors: Cohen Deborah J , Wyte-Lake Tamar , Dorr David A , Gold Rachel , Holden Richard J , Koopman Richelle J , Colasurdo Joshua , Warren Nathaniel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the unmet information needs of clinical teams delivering care to patients with complex medical, social, and economic needs; and to propose principles for redesigning electronic health records (EHR) to address these needs.

Materials and Methods
In this observational study, we interviewed and observed care teams in 9 community health centers in Oregon and Washington to understand their use of the EHR when caring for patients with complex medical and socioeconomic needs. Data were analyzed using a comparative approach to identify EHR users’ information needs, which were then used to produce EHR design principles.

Results
Analyses of &gt; 300 hours of observations and 51 interviews identified 4 major categories of information needs related to: consistency of social determinants of health (SDH) documentation; SDH information prioritization and changes to this prioritization; initiation and follow-up of community resource referrals; and timely communication of SDH information. Within these categories were 10 unmet information needs to be addressed by EHR designers. We propose the following EHR design principles to address these needs: enhance the flexibility of EHR documentation workflows; expand the ability to exchange information within teams and between systems; balance innovation and standardization of health information technology systems; organize and simplify information displays; and prioritize and reduce information.

Conclusion
Developing EHR tools that are simple, accessible, easy to use, and able to be updated by a range of professionals is critical. The identified information needs and design principles should inform developers and implementers working in community health centers and other settings where complex patients receive care.
Implementing Breast Cryoablation in Practice
Authors: Ward Robert C , Lourenco Ana P , Mainiero Martha B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Breast cryoablation is becoming more commonplace as a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure that utilizes extreme cold to destroy targeted tissue and has been used to treat symptomatic fibroadenomas and early-stage breast cancer for over a decade with promising results. The practical considerations for implementing a breast cryoablation service include developing and communicating strategic and operational plans, training and privileging the proceduralist, selecting equipment, collaborating with referring clinicians, recruiting and navigating patients, and understanding billing considerations.
Cyber Operations and Collective Countermeasures under International Law
Authors: Haataja Samuli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines international law on the use of countermeasures against peacetime cyber operations that fall below the armed attack threshold. It focuses on collective countermeasures— ie, measures taken by states which have not been affected by the cyber operation but which have been requested to assist by the state victim to these operations. While a general right for non-injured states to take countermeasures has not been recognised in international law, this article demonstrates that there is some support for this right in circumstances where the injured state requests assistance from a non-injured state. It argues that a limited right of collective countermeasures should be recognised in the cyber context. This is warranted as it expands the remedies available to states subject to cyber operations and offers a way for less technologically advanced states to obtain assistance when subject to malicious cyber operations from their adversaries
Area-Wide Survey of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance and Control Failure Likelihood of the Neotropical Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)
Authors: Leite Suzany A , Dos Santos Mateus P , Resende-Silva Geverson A , da Costa Daniela R , Moreira Aldenise A , Lemos Odair L , Guedes Raul Narciso C , Castellani Maria A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Neotropical coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842), is a key pest species of unshaded coffee plantations in Neotropical America, particularly in Brazil, where pest management involves intensive insecticide use. As a consequence, problems of resistance to conventional insecticides are frequent, and more recently developed insecticide molecules, such as diamide insecticides, are at risk of becoming ineffective. Thus, a survey of resistance to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole was carried out in high-yield coffee-producing areas in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The likelihood of control failure with this insecticide was also assessed. Spatial dependence among the insect sampling sites was assessed and spatial mapping of chlorantraniliprole resistance and risk of control failure was carried out. The frequency of chlorantraniliprole resistant populations was high (34 out of 40 populations, or 85%), particularly in western Bahia, where 94% of the populations were resistant. Resistance levels ranged from low (&lt;10-fold) to moderate (between 10- and 40-fold) with more serious instances occurring in western Bahia. This results in lower chlorantraniliprole efficacy among these populations, with a higher risk of control failure and exhibiting spatial dependence. These findings invite attention to problems with the intensive use of this relatively recent insecticide and demand management attention, but they suggest that local, farm-based management efforts are likely to be the most effective actions against resistance problems in this pest species.
Cosine-type weighted hybrid absorbing boundary based on the second-order Higdon boundary condition and its GPU implementation
Authors: Xie Chuang , Song Peng , Tan Jun , Liu Baohua , Li Jinshan , Yu Kaiben , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Chao , Zhang Hongyang , Zhang Ruiqi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the absorption effect of the hybrid absorbing boundary condition (ABC) with various hybrid modes, and propose a cosine-type optimized weighted hybrid mode taking into account the boundary reflection intensity of the inner and outer boundaries of transition area. Additionally, we derive a new finite-difference scheme of the second-order Higdon ABC and the corner equation for Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration. On this basis, a new type of second-order Higdon hybrid ABC applicable for GPU acceleration is established in the acoustic finite-difference modeling. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed cosine-type weighted hybrid mode can achieve a better absorption effect compared with other weighted hybrid modes; the second-order Higdon ABC based on the proposed new finite-difference scheme can effectively improve the GPU speed-up ratio and is more effective in large-scale wavefield high-precision simulation based on GPU acceleration.
Exploiting natural variation in root system architecture via genome-wide association studies
Authors: Deja-Muylle Agnieszka , Parizot Boris , Motte Hans , Beeckman Tom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Root growth and development has become an important research topic for breeders and researchers based on a growing need to adapt plants to changing and more demanding environmental conditions worldwide. Over the last few years, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) became an important tool to identify the link between traits in the field and their genetic background. Here we give an overview of the current literature concerning GWASs performed on root system architecture (RSA) in plants. We summarize which root traits and approaches have been used for GWAS, mentioning their respective success rate towards a successful gene discovery. Furthermore, we zoom in on the current technical hurdles in root phenotyping and GWAS, and discuss future possibilities in this field of research.
NGTS-10b: the shortest period hot Jupiter yet discovered
Authors: McCormac James , Gillen Edward , Jackman James A G , Brown David J A , Bayliss Daniel , Wheatley Peter J , Anderson David R , Armstrong David J , Bouchy François , Briegal Joshua T , Burleigh Matthew R , Cabrera Juan , Casewell Sarah L , Chaushev Alexander , Chazelas Bruno , Chote Paul , Cooke Benjamin F , Costes Jean C , Csizmadia Szilárd , Eigmüller Philipp , Erikson Anders , Foxell Emma , Gänsicke Boris T , Goad Michael R , Günther Maximilian N , Hodgkin Simon T , Hooton Matthew J , Jenkins James S , Lambert Gregory , Lendl Monika , Longstaff Emma , Louden Tom , Moyano Maximiliano , Nielsen Louise D , Pollacco Don , Queloz Didier , Rauer Heike , Raynard Liam , Smith Alexis M S , Smalley Barry , Soto Maritza , Turner Oliver , Udry Stéphane , Vines Jose I , Walker Simon R , Watson Christopher A , West Richard G 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a new ultrashort period (USP) transiting hot Jupiter from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). NGTS-10b has a mass and radius of $2.162\, ^{+0.092}_{-0.107}$ MJ and $1.205\, ^{+0.117}_{-0.083}$ RJ and orbits its host star with a period of 0.7668944 ± 0.0000003 d, making it the shortest period hot Jupiter yet discovered. The host is a 10.4 ± 2.5 Gyr old K5V star (Teff = 4400 ± 100 K) of Solar metallicity ([Fe/H] = −0.02 ± 0.12 dex) showing moderate signs of stellar activity. NGTS-10b joins a short list of USP Jupiters that are prime candidates for the study of star–planet tidal interactions. NGTS-10b orbits its host at just 1.46 ± 0.18 Roche radii, and we calculate a median remaining inspiral time of 38 Myr and a potentially measurable orbital period decay of 7 s over the coming decade, assuming a stellar tidal quality factor $Q^{\prime }_{\rm s}$ =2 × 107.
The role of mass, equation of state, and superfluid reservoir in large pulsar glitches
Authors: Montoli A , Antonelli M , Pizzochero P M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Observations of pulsar glitches may provide insights on the internal physics of neutron stars and recent studies show how it is in principle possible to constrain pulsar masses with timing observations. The reliability of these estimates depends on the current uncertainties about the structure of neutron stars and on our ability to model the dynamics of the superfluid neutrons in the internal layers. We assume a simplified model for the rotational dynamics of a neutron star and estimate an upper bound to the mass of 25 pulsars from their largest glitch and average activity: the aim is to understand to which extent the mass constraints are sensitive to the choice of the unknown structural properties of neutron stars, like the extension of the superfluid region and the equation of state. Reasonable values, within the range measured for neutron star masses, are obtained only if the superfluid domain extends for at least a small region inside the outer core, which is compatible with calculations of the neutron S-wave pairing gap. Moreover, the mass constraints stabilize when the superfluid domain extends to densities over nuclear saturation, irrespective of the equation of state tested.