bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From London to Grenada and Back Again: Youth Exchange Geographies and the Grenadian Revolution, 1979‐1983
Authors: Fairless Nicholson Jacob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThrough a case study of three educational youth exchanges from London to the Caribbean island of Grenada in the early 1980s, this paper situates decolonisation as a site for youthful agency. Assessing official and ephemeral exchange material held in archives in London and the Caribbean alongside original oral history interviews with key actors, the paper argues that an analysis of youth exchanges as informal education spaces helps bring into focus young people’s agency in decolonisation both as a historical process and conceptual undoing. While the paper asserts that exchanging produced transformative moments of becoming in which young people’s global educational encounters transcended local perceptions of race, it also reveals youth exchanging to a revolutionary nation was no holiday, and that “youth exchange geographies” were governed, predetermined and impeded by the organisational labour of youth workers, fundraising initiatives, and unfolding international politics.
The mathematical flexibility of college students: The role of cognitive and affective factors
Authors: Shaw Stacy T. , Pogossian Anahit A. , Ramirez Gerardo 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTraditional math instruction that emphasizes procedures and rote memorization is common in math classes, particularly within the United States. Students may be able to perform steps and recite information, but flexible thinking in math is also an important ability. Lay theories assume that extensive experience in math would lead to increased flexibility, but some research has posited a change‐resistant account, which argues that experience with traditional instruction may make it difficult to think flexibly about even simple concepts.AimsThe current study explored the mathematical flexibility of college students who completed their K‐12 education in the United States, and investigated how affective and cognitive factors contributed to flexible thinking.SampleParticipants were 128 undergraduate students at a competitive U.S. public university.MethodMathematical flexibility was measured through a novel task that asked participants to generate as many strategies as they could for a simple arithmetic problem. These strategies were coded to create scores of fluency (number of strategies) and flexibility (number of unique strategies).Results and ConclusionsOn average, participants were only able to provide little more than three unique strategies beyond the primary strategy taught in K‐12 classrooms. Measures of math anxiety, math identity, need for cognition, and working memory were all unrelated to flexibility. However, student perceptions of how many possible solutions exist were significantly related to flexibility. These results provide evidence for a change‐resistance account and provide further evidence that math flexibility is a unique construct.
Evaluation of the PIK3 pathway in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and NK/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Huang Dachuan , Song Tammy Linlin , Nairismägi Maarja‐Liisa , Laurensia Yurike , Pang Wan‐Lu , Zhe Daryl Cheah Ming , Wong Esther Kam Yin , Wijaya Giovani Giovani‐Clarest , Tan Jing , Tan Sze Huey , Lim Jing‐Quan , Chia Burton Kuan Hui , Chan Jason Yongsheng , Tang Tiffany Pooi Ling , Somasundaram Nagavalli , Cheng Chee Leong , Politz Oliver , Liu Ningshu , Lim Soon Thye , Ong Choon Kiat 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) and natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphomas (NKTCL) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies with dismal outcomes and limited treatment options. While the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3) pathway has been shown to be highly activated in many B‐cell lymphomas, its therapeutic relevance in PTCL and NKTCL remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of PIK3 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these subtypes of lymphoma and to identify potential therapeutic targets for clinical testing. Therefore, the expression of PIK3α, PIK3β, PIK3γ, PIK3δ and PTEN was analyzed in 88 cases of PTCL and NKTCL samples by immunohistochemistry. All PTCL and NKTCL samples demonstrated high expression of PIK3 isoforms. In particular, high PIK3α expression was significantly associated with poor survival, even after adjustment for age, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy in first line. Notably, copanlisib, a pan‐class I inhibitor with predominant activities towards PIK3α and PIK3δ isoforms, effectively inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, 4E‐BP‐1 and STAT3, causing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and resulting in suppression of tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This study provides evidence that targeting the PIK3 pathway, particularly simultaneous inhibition of PIK3α and δ, could be a promising approach for the treatment of PTCL and NKTCL.
Real‐Time Deformation with Coupled Cages and Skeletons
Authors: Corda F. , Thiery J. M. , Livesu M. , Puppo E. , Boubekeur T. , Scateni R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSkeleton‐based and cage‐based deformation techniques represent the two most popular approaches to control real‐time deformations of digital shapes and are, to a vast extent, complementary to one another. Despite their complementary roles, high‐end modelling packages do not allow for seamless integration of such control structures, thus inducing a considerable burden on the user to maintain them synchronized. In this paper, we propose a framework that seamlessly combines rigging skeletons and deformation cages, granting artists with a real‐time deformation system that operates using any smooth combination of the two approaches. By coupling the deformation spaces of cages and skeletons, we access a much larger space, containing poses that are impossible to obtain by acting solely on a skeleton or a cage. Our method is oblivious to the specific techniques used to perform skinning and cage‐based deformation, securing it compatible with pre‐existing tools. We demonstrate the usefulness of our hybrid approach on a variety of examples.
Impacts of center and clinical factors in antihypertensive medication use after kidney transplantation
Authors: Koraishy Farrukh M. , Yamout Hala , Naik Abhijit S. , Zhang Zidong , Schnitzler Mark A. , Ouseph Rosemary , Lam Ngan N. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Axelrod David , Hess Gregory P. , Segev Dorry L. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Lentine Krista L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypertension guidelines recommend calcium channel blockers (CCBs), thiazide diuretics, and angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs) as first‐line agents to treat hypertension. Hypertension is common among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, but data are limited regarding patterns of antihypertensive medication (AHM) use in this population. We examined a novel database that links national registry data for adult KTx recipients (age > 18 years) with AHM fill records from a pharmaceutical claims warehouse (2007‐2016) to describe use and correlates of AHM use during months 7‐12 post‐transplant. For patients filling AHMs, individual agents used included: dihydropyridine (DHP) CCBs, 55.6%; beta‐blockers (BBs), 52.8%; diuretics, 30.0%; ACEi/ARBs, 21.1%; non‐DHP CCBs, 3.0%; and others, 20.1%. Both BB and ACEi/ARB use were significantly lower in the time period following the 2014 Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC‐8) guidelines (2014‐2016), compared with an earlier period (2007‐2013). The median odds ratios generated from case‐factor adjusted models supported variation in use of ACEi/ARBs (1.51) and BBs (1.55) across transplant centers. Contrary to hypertension guidelines for the general population, KTx recipients are prescribed relatively more BBs and fewer ACEi/ARBs. The clinical impact of this AHM prescribing pattern warrants further study.
Monitoring cell‐mediated immunity during immunosuppression reduction in heart transplant recipients with severe systemic infections
Authors: Weston Mark W. , Rinde‐Hoffman Debbie , Lopez‐Cepero Mayra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for severe systemic infections in heart transplantation is reduction in immunosuppression while treating the infection. An assay that measures adenosine triphosphate production in activated lymphocytes (ImmuKnow®) objectively monitors cellular immunity of transplant recipients. In this study, we used ImmuKnow®to adjust immunosuppression in heart transplant recipients with severe systemic infections.MethodsHeart transplant recipients were followed with ImmuKnow®at the time of biopsy and diagnosis of systemic infection. Patients who developed an infection were monitored by ImmuKnow®assay with adjustments in immunosuppression based upon the results of the assay. Maintenance immunosuppression was reinstituted when the ImmuKnow®increased to >225 ng/mL of ATP.ResultsTwo or more ImmuKnow®assays were performed in 80 patients. Thirteen patients developed severe systemic infections. ImmuKnow®mean value at the time of diagnosis of infection was 109 ± 49.2 ng/mL. Reduction in immunosuppression and treatment of infection resulted in normalization of ImmuKnow®level, resolution of infection, and no episodes of rebound rejection.ConclusionHeart transplant recipients with severe systemic infections presented with a decreased ImmuKnow®, suggesting over immunosuppression. ImmuKnow®can be used as an objective measurement in withdrawing immunosuppression in heart transplant recipients with severe systemic infections.
Self‐reported psychological problems amongst undergraduate dental students: A pilot study in seven European countries
Authors: Stangvaltaite‐Mouhat Lina , Pūrienė Alina , Chałas Renata , Hysi Dorjan , Katrova Lydia , Nacaite Marija , Nikolovska Julijana , Oancea Roxana , Berlin Vilija 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo map psychological problems amongst undergraduate dental students with a focus on different time points in clinical work in seven Eastern European and Scandinavian countries.Materials and MethodsA total of 1063 3rd‐ and 5th‐year dental students (response rate 70%) participated in this pilot study and completed a pre‐tested, structured questionnaire, which collected information on sociodemographic characteristics and self‐reported psychological problems. Data were analysed by bivariate and multivariate methods.ResultsThe majority of participants were female and were younger than male participants. Most participants, though more females than males, agreed that the clinical work of dentistry was psychologically difficult. Almost half of participants felt nervous before working with patients (N = 506, 48%) and experienced a lot of stress whilst working with patients (N = 488, 46%); almost one‐third (N = 287, 27%) felt anxious/worried after working with patients. Being a 3rd‐ and 4th‐year student (vs 5th‐year) reduced the odds for anxiety after working with patients; being a 3rd‐year student (vs 5th‐year) increased the odds for stress whilst working with patients. Studying in countries other than Norway reduced the odds for stress whilst working with patients. Less than good self‐perceived health, presence of psychological health complaints before starting dental education, female gender and lack of physical activity increased the odds for psychological problems.ConclusionA high number of undergraduate dental students reported psychological problems in connection with clinical work. It is unlikely that “one size fits all”; therefore, further qualitative investigations on stressors in clinical learning environments should be done in order to design tailor‐made supportive strategies.
Plaque neovascularization detected with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound predicts ischaemic stroke recurrence in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Camps‐Renom P. , Prats‐Sánchez L. , Casoni F. , González‐de‐Echávarri J. M. , Marrero‐González P. , Castrillón I. , Marín R. , Jiménez‐Xarrié E. , Delgado‐Mederos R. , Martínez‐Domeño A. , Guisado‐Alonso D. , Martí‐Fàbregas J. 
Published: January 2020

Background and purposePlaque neovascularization is a hallmark of carotid plaque vulnerability. With contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) it is possible to visualize plaque neovessels in vivo. Our aim was to determine if CEUS‐detected neovessels were associated with stroke recurrences in patients with a recent stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of consecutive patients with a recent stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in the internal carotid artery on the side consistent with symptoms. All of our patients underwent a carotid ultrasound examination including a CEUS study. Neovascularization was graded into three categories according to the extent of neovessels. During the follow‐up, we recorded stroke recurrences. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of recurrence.ResultsWe included 78 patients whose mean age was 74.3 ± 10.4 years. There were 29 (37.2%) patients with a low‐grade stenosis (<50%). The remainder presented moderate (50%–69%) or high‐grade (≥70%) stenosis. CEUS was not interpretable in 35.9% of the patients, mainly due to calcium shadows. We detected neovascularization in 80% of the plaques. After a median follow‐up of 14.1 (interquartile range, 9.5‐19.6) months, there were 15 (19.2%) stroke recurrences. In the Cox regression analysis, CEUS‐detected neovascularization was independently associated with the risk of stroke recurrence, even after adjusting for the degree of stenosis (hazard ratio, 6.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–26.01).ConclusionIn patients with an anterior circulation ischaemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis, plaque neovascularization detected with CEUS was an independent predictor of stroke recurrence.
Saving large fish through harvest slots outperforms the classical minimum‐length limit when the aim is to achieve multiple harvest and catch‐related fisheries objectives
Authors: Ahrens Robert N. M. , Allen Micheal S. , Walters Carl , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe address the problem of optimal size‐selective exploitation in an age‐structured fish population model by systematically examining how density and size dependency in growth, mortality and fecundity affect optimal harvesting patterns when judged against a set of fisheries objectives. The study offers five key insights. First, while minimum‐length limits often maximize the biomass yield, exploitation using harvest slots (i.e. regulations that protect both immature and very large individuals) can generate within 95% of maximum yield; harvest slots also generally maximize the number of fish that are harvested. Second, density dependence in growth and size‐dependent mortality predict more liberal optimal size limits than those derived under assumptions of no density and size dependence. Third, strong density dependence in growth maximizes the catch of trophy fish only when modest harvest is introduced; the same holds for numbers harvested, when the stock–recruitment function follows the Ricker type. Fourth, the inclusion of size‐dependent maternal effects on fecundity or egg viability has only limited effects on optimal size limits, unless the increase in fecundity with mass (“hyperallometry”) is very large. However, large hyperallometry in fecundity shifts the optimal size limit for biomass yield from the traditional minimum‐length limit to a harvest slot. Fifth, harvest slots generally provide the best compromises among multiple objectives. We conclude that harvest slots, or more generally dome‐shaped selectivity to harvest, can outperform the standard minimum‐length selectivity. The exact configuration of optimal size limits crucially depends on objectives, local fishing pressure, the stock–recruitment function, and the density and size dependency of growth, mortality and fecundity.
Fatigue residual life estimation of jib structure based on improved v‐SVR algorithm obtaining equivalent load spectrum
Authors: Dong Qing , Yu Yannan , Xu Gening 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFatigue tests of truck crane jib structure have great difficulty, long testing cycle, and high cost. Therefore, with the portfolio strategy for “collection, prediction, measurement and simulation” being introduced, an improved support vector regression (v‐SVR) algorithm is proposed to predict the equivalent load spectrum based on the small measured load spectrum and the fatigue residual life evaluation model is built. First, the v‐SVR algorithm corrected in kernel function, decision function, and parameter optimization is utilized to acquire the equivalent load spectrum. Second, the distribution of critical points is determined by the case‐based reasoning technique. The simulation model of first main stress‐time histories for critical points is established, and the two‐dimensional stress spectrum is obtained by the rain‐flow counting method. Finally, the fatigue residual life of jib structure is estimated by the Forman formula. Taking ZLJ5551JQZ110V truck crane jib structure as an example, the effectiveness of the above method is validated.
Application of a new system for classifying root canal morphology in undergraduate teaching and clinical practice: a national survey in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmed H. M. A. , Che Ab Aziz Z. A. , Azami N. H. , Farook M. S. , Khan A. A. , Mohd Noor N. S. , Ayoub A. A. , Imran Z. A. , Halim M. S. , Pai A. R. V. , Kacharaju K. R. , Mohammad N. , Nagendrababu V. , Nabhan M. S. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate and compare the feedback of final year undergraduate dental students in eight Malaysian dental schools on the application of a new system for classifying root canal morphology in teaching and clinical practice.MethodsOne PowerPoint presentation describing two classification systems for root canal morphology (Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 1974 38, 456 and its supplemental configurations, International Endodontic Journal 2017, 50, 761) was delivered to final year undergraduate dental students in eight dental schools in Malaysia by two presenters (each presented to four schools). To examine students’ feedback on the utility of each system, printed questionnaires consisting of six questions (five multiple choice questions and one open‐ended question) were distributed and collected after the lecture. The questionnaire was designed to compare the classification systems in terms of accuracy, practicability, understanding of root canal morphology and recommendation for use in pre‐clinical and clinical courses. The exact test was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at 0.05 (P = 0.05).ResultsA total of 382 (out of 447) students participated giving a response rate of 86%. More than 90% of students reported that the new system was more accurate and more practical compared with the Vertucci system (P < 0.001). Overall, 97% of students reported the new system helped their understanding of root and canal morphology compared with the Vertucci classification (P < 0.001). Over 97% of students recommended the use of the new system in teaching, pre‐clinical courses and clinical practice (P < 0.001). Except for two schools, no significant difference was detected between the responses of students for all questions at the different schools (P > 0.05). The students’ responses for all questions were almost similar for both presenters (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe new system of International Endodontic Journal 2017, 50, 761 for classifying root and canal morphology was favoured by final year undergraduate dental students in Malaysia. The new system has the potential to be included in the undergraduate endodontic curriculum for teaching courses related to root and canal morphology.
Improving a state‐of‐the‐art heuristic for the minimum latency problem with data mining
Authors: Santana Ítalo , Plastino Alexandre , Rosseti Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, hybrid metaheuristics have become a trend in operations research. A successful example combines the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP) and data mining techniques, where frequent patterns found in high‐quality solutions can lead to an efficient exploration of the search space, along with a significant reduction of computational time. In this paper, a GRASP‐based state‐of‐the‐art heuristic for the minimum latency problem is improved by means of data mining techniques. Computational experiments showed that the hybrid heuristic with data mining was able to match or improve the solution quality for a large number of instances, together with a substantial reduction of running time. Besides, 32 new best‐known solutions are introduced to the literature. To support our results, statistical significance tests, analyses over the impact of mined patterns, comparisons based on running time as stopping criterion, and time‐to‐target plots are provided.
Cumulative consequences of stigma: Possessing multiple concealable stigmatized identities is associated with worse quality of life
Authors: Reinka Mora A. , Pan‐Weisz Bradley , Lawner Elizabeth K. , Quinn Diane M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge health disparities exist between stigmatized and nonstigmatized groups. In addition to experiencing and anticipating greater discrimination, members of stigmatized groups also tend to demonstrate greater ruminative tendencies in response, which may lead to these poor health outcomes. Even among stigmatized groups, differences in the visibility of stigma lead to different mechanisms through which stigma takes its toll. Previous work has primarily focused on the impact of belonging to a single marginalized group; however, people often belong to multiple marginalized groups, and this likely affects both their health outcomes and their anticipation of stigma. In the current study, we focused on individuals with concealable stigmatized identities (CSIs)—socially stigmatized identities that are not immediately apparent to others—and created a measure of concealable marginalization that captures multiple group memberships. We predicted that those possessing a greater number of CSIs would anticipate more stigma from others, and, in turn, ruminate more about the stigma, which would negatively impact the health. Surveying N = 288 adults with CSIs, we found that possessing a greater number of marginalized concealable identities predicted worse self‐reported physical quality of life. These relationships were partially mediated by greater anticipated stigma and brooding rumination in regard to their CSI. This work illuminates a more complete picture of how living with CSIs can take its toll on health.