bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the performance of the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence Algorithm model in predicting 10-year breast cancer risks in UK Biobank
Authors: Petitjean Carmen , Wilcox Naomi , Ficorella Lorenzo , Dennis Joe , Tyrer Jonathan , Lush Michael , Simard Jacques , Easton Douglas , Antoniou Antonis C , Yang Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence Algorithm (BOADICEA) model predicts breast cancer risk using cancer family history, epidemiological, and genetic data. We evaluated its validity in a large prospective cohort.

Methods
We assessed model calibration, discrimination and risk classification ability in 217 885 women (6838 incident breast cancers) aged 40-70 years of self-reported White ethnicity with no previous cancer from the UK Biobank. Age-specific risk classification was assessed using relative risk thresholds equivalent to the absolute lifetime risk categories of less than 17%, 17%-30%, and 30% or more, recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. We predicted 10-year risks using BOADICEA v.6 considering cancer family history, questionnaire-based risk factors, a 313–single nucleotide polymorphisms polygenic score, and pathogenic variants. Mammographic density data were not available.

Results
The polygenic risk score was the most discriminative risk factor (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.65). Discrimination was highest when considering all risk factors (AUC = 0.66). The model was well calibrated overall (expected-to-observed ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.02; calibration slope = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.00), and in deciles of predicted risks. Discrimination was similar in women aged younger and older than 50 years. There was some underprediction in women aged younger than 50 years (expected-to-observed ratio = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.94; calibration slope = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94 to 0.97), which was explained by the higher breast cancer incidence in UK Biobank than the UK population incidence in this age group. The model classified 87.2%, 11.4%, and 1.4% of women in relative risk categories less than 1.6, 1.6-3.1, and at least 3.1, identifying 25.6% of incident breast cancer patients in category relative risk of at least 1.6.

Conclusion
BOADICEA, implemented in CanRisk (www.canrisk.org), provides valid 10-year breast cancer risk, which can facilitate risk-stratified screening and personalized breast cancer risk management.
Social risk factors and cancer prevention care among patients in community health-care settings
Authors: Banegas Matthew P , O’Malley Jean , Kaufmann Jorge , Marino Miguel , Gottlieb Laura M , Huguet Nathalie , Anyane-Yeboa Adjoa , Gold Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Social risks are negatively associated with receipt of cancer preventive care. As knowledge is lacking on the pathways underlying these associations, we investigated associations between patient-reported social risks and colorectal cancer (CRC), cervical cancer, and breast cancer screening order provision and screening completion.

Methods
This study included patients eligible for CRC, cervical cancer, or breast cancer screening at 186 community-based clinics between July 1, 2015, and February 29, 2020. Outcomes included up-to-date status for indicated cancer screenings at baseline; percentage of subsequent study months in which patients were up-to-date on screenings; screening order receipt; and screening completion. Independent variables were patient-reported food insecurity, transportation barriers, and housing instability. Analyses used covariate-adjusted generalized estimating equation models, stratified by social risk.

Results
Patients with documented social risks were less likely to be up-to-date on any cancer screening at baseline and in most cases had a lower rate of total study months up-to-date on screenings. All cancer screenings were ordered less often for food-insecure patients. Cervical cancer screening was ordered less often for transportation-insecure patients. The likelihood of completing a screening test differed statistically significantly by select social risks: Cervical cancer and CRC screening rates were lower among food-insecure patients, and CRC screening rates were lower among transportation-insecure patients. The likelihood of breast cancer screening completion did not differ by social risk status.

Conclusion
Social risks affect both the ordering and the receipt of cancer screening. Research is needed on strategies to mitigate the impact of different social risks on cancer early-detection services.
Total small bowel resection in a patient who refused surgery: why did the surgeon do it?
Authors: Henry Reynold , McGillen Patrick , Barry Wesley E , Wecsler Julie S , Knight Brandon , Matsushima Kazuhide , Van Zyl Carin , Crookes Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gastric surgery may result in internal herniation of bowel, weeks to years after the initial surgery and can result in rapid onset of death if not promptly treated. We present a case in which a patient with this complication underwent surgery despite his clear refusal of surgery. The patient had a remote history of gastrectomy for malignancy. Several years later, he presented with the feared complication of an internal herniation to a local hospital. The initial surgeon recommended urgent operation to correct this. However, the patient refused. When he became comatose, the surgeon performed surgery, but the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate. The surgeon performed further surgery, eventually removing the entire small bowel, leaving nothing connecting the esophagus or effluent from the liver and pancreas. Although this was a fatal situation, he had temporary recovery sufficient to understand the nature of his prognosis and survived several weeks.
Giant primary omental cyst: an unusual cause of pseudoascites and hydrocele in a child
Authors: Mohamed Hanan Youssif , Joya Habib Ullah , Alansari Amani N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Abdominal lymphangiomas are benign congenital abnormal dilatation and proliferation of lymphatic spaces primarily seen in children. The wide spectrum of symptoms challenges preoperative diagnoses. We present a rare case of a 2-year-old boy presented to pediatrician with massive abdominal distention and left scrotal swelling since the age of 1½ years. Diagnosed and treated as ascites, the patient was referred to pediatric surgery for ascitic tap and hydrocele repair. An abdominal CT scan revealed a giant omental cyst. Laparotomy was performed to excise the cyst extending into left scrotum, and deep left inguinal ring was closed from within. Lymphangioma was histopathologically confirmed. To the best of our knowledge to date, only one case of an omental cystic lymphangioma presenting as bilateral hydroceles without abdominal symptoms has been reported. Nevertheless, this case is unique for the presentation of pseudoascites and a unilateral hydrocele.
Two-flap earlobe rotation for extensive mid-helix defect: a case report of a new modification to an existing technique
Authors: Ruelas-Villavicencio Ana L , Malagón-Liceaga Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reconstructing ear defects in very elderly patients is challenging, but one-step procedures are beneficial due to reduced morbidity and fewer hospital visits while maintaining ear size, shape, and symmetry. In 2018, Jaber et al. introduced a 90° earlobe rotation technique to repair full-thickness auricular defects while preserving the earlobe. We present a modified approach, dividing the earlobe into two flaps for better mobility, rotating them to cover a mid-helix defect in a 93-year-old patient. This is especially useful for older patients with large earlobes, who are prone to skin cancers like keratinocyte cancer. The cosmetic result is satisfactory, with minor asymmetries rarely an issue. This technique provides a practical, single-step solution for functional and esthetic reconstruction in elderly patients.
Better beans: designer TALE-mediated discovery of common bacterial blight resistance
Authors: Karki Sujit Jung 
Published: December 2024

This article comments on:
Gaudin C, Preveaux A, Aubineau N, Le Goff D, Jacques M-A, Chen NWG. 2025. A dTALE approach demonstrates that induction of common bean OVATE Family Protein 7 promotes resistance to common bacterial blight. Journal of Experimental Botany 76, 607–620. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae433
Appeal, Revision, and Other Remedies
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the process of appeal, revision, and other possible remedies. It explains that the legal remedies available in the modern international criminal tribunals are appeal and revision. Appeal primarily focuses on the higher court and calls upon a magistrate to intercede. Moreover, the appeal is the ordinary remedy against a first instance (trial) judgment of acquittal or conviction in the international criminal procedure. On the other hand, revision is an extraordinary remedy against a final judgment of conviction or sentence. The chapter then elaborates on other remedies for prosecutorial investigation or prosecution decisions, procedural rights’ violations, and administrative decisions.
The Alphabet Soup of Microscopy: An Introduction to Advanced Imaging Techniques. Part III: A Combo Platter of CLEM, AFM, TIRF, SPIM, and TPEF-SHG
Authors: Worden Austin N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The practice of combining imaging modalities emerged from the quest to discover novel insights into the structure and function of various samples. As these techniques merge, so do their names, creating a plethora of unique acronyms that can seem like an alphabet soup. Highlighted here are several notable combination techniques such as Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (CLEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF), Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM), and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence – Second Harmonic Generation (TPEF-SHG). Each of these methods extends beyond the capabilities of their individual components to significantly advance scientific research. This article, Part 3 of our “Alphabet Soup of Microscopy” series, seeks to distinguish these popular combination techniques from their standalone predecessors.
A shallow slope for the stellar mass–angular momentum relation of star-forming galaxies at 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 2.5
Authors: Salcedo Juan M Espejo , Glazebrook Karl , Fisher Deanne B , Sweet Sarah M , Obreschkow Danail , Schreiber N M Förster 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the specific angular momentum $j_\star$ of 41 star-forming galaxies at $1.5\lt z\lt 2.5$. These measurements are based on radial profiles inferred from near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope photometry, along with multiresolution emission-line kinematic modelling using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data from K-band multi-object spectrograph, Spectrograph for Integral Field Observations in the Near Infrared, and OH-Suppressing Infra-Red Imaging Spectrograph. We identified 24 discs (disc fraction of $58.6\pm 7.7~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and used them to parametrize the $j_\star$ versus stellar mass $M_\star$ relation (Fall relation) as $j_\star \propto M_\star ^{\beta }$. We measure a power-law slope $\beta =0.25\pm 0.15$, which deviates by approximately $3\sigma$ from the commonly adopted local value $\beta = 0.67$, indicating a statistically significant difference. We find that two key systematic effects could drive the steep slopes in previous high-redshift studies: first, including irregular (non-disc) systems due to limitations in spatial resolution and second, using the commonly used approximation $\tilde{j}_\star \approx k_n v_s r_\mathrm{eff}$, which depends on global unresolved quantities. In our sample, both effects lead to steeper slopes of $\beta =0.48\pm 0.21$ and $0.61\pm 0.21$, respectively. To understand the shallow slope, we discuss observational effects and systematic uncertainties and analyse the retention of $j_\star$ relative to the angular momentum of the halo $j_h$ (angular momentum retention factor $f_j =j_\star /j_h$). For the $M_\star$ range covered by the sample $9.5 \lt \log _{10} (M_\star /\mathrm{ M}_\odot) \lt 11.5$ (halo mass $11.5 \lt \log _{10} (M_h/\mathrm{ M}_\odot) \lt 14$), we find large $f_j$ values ($\gt 1$ in some cases) in low-mass haloes that decrease with increasing mass, suggesting a significant role of efficient angular momentum transport in these gas-rich systems, aided by the removal of low-$j_\star$ gas via feedback-driven outflows in low-mass galaxies.
Radio galaxies in simba: a MIGHTEE comparison
Authors: Thomas Nicole L , Whittam Imogen H , Hale Catherine L , Morabito Leah K , Davé Romeel , Jarvis Matt J , Cook Robin H W 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a qualitative comparison between the host and black hole properties of radio galaxies in the MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey with the radio galaxy population in the simba suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. The MIGHTEE data include a $\sim$1 deg$^{2}$ pointing of the COSMOS field observed at 1.28 GHz with the MeerKAT radio telescope and cross-matched with multiwavelength counterparts to provide classifications of high- and low-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs and LERGs) along with their corresponding host properties. We compare the properties of the MIGHTEE HERGs and LERGs with that predicted by the simba simulations where HERGs and LERGs are defined as radio galaxies dominated by cold or hot mode accretion, respectively. We consider stellar masses $\,\,{M}_{*}$, star formation rates SFR, AGN bolometric luminosity $L_{\rm bol}$, and Eddington fraction $f_{\rm Edd}$, as a function of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity and redshift. In both MIGHTEE and simba, the properties of HERGs and LERGs are similar across all properties apart from SFRs due to differences in host cold gas content in simba. We predict a population of HERGs with low $f_{\rm Edd}$ in simba that are confirmed in the MIGHTEE observations and tied to the faint population at low z. The predictions from simba with the MIGHTEE observations describe a regime where our understanding of the radio galaxy dichotomy breaks down, challenging our understanding of the role of AGN accretion and feedback in the faint population of radio galaxies.
The impact on astrometry by solar-wind effect in pulsar timing
Authors: Liu K , Parthasarathy A , Keith M , Tiburzi C , Susarla S C , Antoniadis J , Chalumeau A , Chen S , Cognard I , Golden A , Grießmeier J -M , Guillemot L , Janssen G H , Keane E F , Kramer M , McKee J W , Mickaliger M B , Theureau G , Wang J 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Astrometry of pulsars, particularly their distances, serves as a critical input for various astrophysical experiments using pulsars. Pulsar timing is a primary approach for determining a pulsar’s position, parallax, and distance. In this paper, we explore the influence of the solar wind on astrometric measurements obtained through pulsar timing, focusing on its potential to affect the accuracy of these parameters. Using both theoretical calculation and mock-data simulations, we demonstrate a significant correlation between the pulsar position, annual parallax, and the solar-wind density parameters. This correlation strongly depends on the pulsar’s ecliptic latitude. We show that fixing solar-wind density to an arbitrary value in the timing analysis can introduce significant bias in the estimated pulsar position and parallax, and its significance is highly dependent on the ecliptic latitude of the pulsar and the timing precision of the data. For pulsars with favourable ecliptic latitude and timing precision, the astrometric and solar-wind parameters can be measured jointly with other timing parameters using single-frequency data. The parameter correlation can be mitigated by using multifrequency data, which also significantly improves the measurement precision of these parameters; this is particularly important for pulsars at a medium or high ecliptic latitude. Additionally, for a selection of pulsars we reprocess their European Pulsar Timing Array Data Release 2 data to include modelling of solar-wind effect in the timing analysis. This delivers significant measurements of both parallax and solar-wind density, the latter of which are consistent with those obtained at low-frequency band. In the future, combining pulsar timing data at gigahertz and lower frequencies will probably deliver the most robust and precise measurements of astrometry and solar wind properties in pulsar timing.
A GTC spectroscopic study of three spider pulsar companions: line-based temperatures, a new face-on redback, and improved mass constraints
Authors: Simpson Jordan A , Linares Manuel , Casares Jorge , Shahbaz Tariq , Sen Bidisha , Camilo Fernando 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present GTC-OSIRIS phase-resolved optical spectroscopy of three compact binary millisecond pulsars, or ‘spiders’: PSR J1048+2339, PSR J1810+1744, and (for the first time) PSR J1908+2105. For the companion in each system, the temperature is traced throughout its orbit, and radial velocities are measured. The radial velocities are found to vary with the absorption features used when measuring them, resulting in different radial velocity curve semi-amplitudes: for J1048 ($K_\mathrm{metals, red} = 344 \pm 4{\mathrm{\, km\, s^{-1}}}{}$ and $K_\mathrm{metals, blue} = 372 \pm 3{\mathrm{\, km\, s^{-1}}}{}$) and, tentatively, for J1810 ($K_\mathrm{Balmer} = 448 \pm 19{\mathrm{\, km\, s^{-1}}}{}$ and $K_\mathrm{metals} = 491 \pm 32{\mathrm{\, km\, s^{-1}}}{}$). With existing inclination constraints, this gives the neutron star (NS) and companion masses $M_\mathrm{NS} = 1.50$–$2.04{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}{}$ and $M_2 = 0.32$–$0.40{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}{}$ for J1048, and $M_\mathrm{NS} \gt 1.7{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}{}$ and $M_2 = 0.05$–$0.08{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}{}$ for J1810. For J1908, we find an upper limit of $K_2 \lt 32{\mathrm{\, km\, s^{-1}}}{}$, which constrains its mass ratio $q = M_2 / M_\mathrm{NS} \gt 0.55$ and inclination $i \lt 6.0^\circ$, revealing the previously misunderstood system to be the highest mass ratio, lowest inclination redback yet. This raises questions for the origins of its substantial radio eclipses. Additionally, we find evidence of asymmetric heating in J1048 and J1810, and signs of metal enrichment in J1908. We also explore the impact of inclination on spectroscopic temperatures, and demonstrate that the temperature measured at quadrature ($\phi = 0.25\,\mathrm{ and}\,0.75$) is essentially independent of inclination, and thus can provide additional constraints on photometric modelling.
Effective use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene cable and Krackow suture for stretched out patellar tendon due to scarring in a case with rheumatoid arthritis post-total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kinoshita Eiji , Kondo Naoki , Tanifuji Osamu , Kakutani Rika , Hao Nariaki , Kawashima Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Patellar tendon rupture is a severe complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We encountered a case of rheumatoid arthritis with an incomplete rupture of the patellar tendon post-TKA. An 84-year-old woman was diagnosed with an incomplete rupture of the right patellar tendon 3 months post-TKA of her right knee. The patient exhibited a 45° extension lag 6 months post-TKA, necessitating reconstruction surgery. Intraoperative findings revealed incomplete rupture of the patellar tendon that was stretched out, diagnosed as incomplete patellar tendon rupture. Due to knee valgus instability (passive knee valgus showed 20°), the thickness of the tibial insert was adjusted from 11 to 15 mm, resulting in improved valgus instability. The scarring region of the patellar tendon was resected to 10 mm in length, and the tendon was repaired using an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene cable (Nesplon cable) and Krackow suture. The repair was secured by making an 8-figure pattern with the cable. After the reconstruction surgery, the knee was immobilised at 0° extension for 3 weeks, followed by the initiation of range-of-motion exercises. Three months later, the extension lag was reduced to −15°, and the patient could walk without orthosis and reported neither instability nor surgical site infection at 8 months after the surgery. In conclusion, this case is notable due to the rarity of incomplete (stretched out) patellar tendon rupture post-TKA and demonstrates the effectiveness of Nesplon cable with Krackow suture in reconstruction surgery.
Assessing energy poverty and its determinants in the West African Economic and Monetary Union countries: a multidimensional analysis
Authors: Compaore Dimaviya Eugène , Guira Asmo , Maiga Boukaré 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Household access to modern energy sources remains a major challenge in developing countries. Most households in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) are still dependent on inefficient cooking and lighting systems, which affect the socio-economic development of these households. This article assesses the extent of multidimensional energy poverty in the WAEMU. Multidimensional energy poverty is broken down according to the socio-demographic characteristics of households and WAEMU member countries. The document also analyses the socio-economic factors that influence multidimensional energy poverty in WAEMU countries.
Collective Consent to Xenotransplantation: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Bobier Christopher , Omelianchuk Adam , Rodger Daniel , Hurst Daniel J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solid organ xenotransplantation may have the potential to help address the shortage of organs for transplantation. There is concern, however, that a novel zoonotic disease could be transmitted from the source organ to the human recipient, and then from the recipient to others. Theoretically, this could result in an epidemic or pandemic. Because of this potential risk, it has been argued that collective consent is required. Our goal is to critically evaluate the claim that collective consent is necessary for xenotransplantation to be ethically permissible. We argue that collective consent is not required and highlight the important roles of public engagement and due diligence in xenotransplant research moving forward.