bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined femoral and axillary perfusion strategy for Stanford type A aortic dissection repair
Authors: Huang Ling-chen , Xu Qi-chen , Chen Dao-zhong , Dai Xiao-fu , Chen Liang-wan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal cannulation strategy in surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection is critical to patient survival but remains controversial. Different cannulation strategies have their own advantages and drawbacks during cardiopulmonary bypass. Our centre used a combined femoral and axillary perfusion strategy for the surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection. The purpose of this study was to review and clarify the clinical outcome of femoral artery cannulation combined with axillary artery cannulation for the treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods: We performed a retrospective study that included 327 patients who were surgically treated for type A aortic dissection in our institution from January 2017 to June 2019. Femoral and axillary artery cannulation was used to establish cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with type A aortic dissection. The demographic data, surgical data, and clinical results of the patients were calculated.Results: Femoral artery combined with axillary artery cannulation was technically successful in 327 patients. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 141.60 ± 34.89 minutes, and the selective antegrade cerebral perfusion time was 14.94 ± 2.76 minutes. The early mortality rate was 3.06%. The incidence of permanent neurologic dysfunction was 0.92%. Sixteen patients had postoperative renal insufficiency, and five patients had liver failure.Conclusion: Femoral artery combined with axillary artery cannulation for type A aortic dissection can significantly improve the prognosis of patients, especially in terms of cerebral protection, and can reduce the occurrence of adverse malperfusion syndrome and neurological complications.
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type: clinicopathological features of eight patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Li Chengfang , Wu Xinglong , Yang Shuang , Yang Xiaorong , Yao Jin , Zheng Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG) has been added to the 2019 edition of the World Health Organization’s list of digestive system-associated cancers. This lesion differentiates toward the fundic gland and mostly involves chief cell-predominant differentiation with low-grade cytology. Clinicians and pathologists are still unaware of this rare disease; consequently, some cases are incorrectly diagnosed. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of GA-FG using retrospective analyses of endoscopic and pathological findings. Materials and methods Samples were collected from patients diagnosed with GA-FG. The clinical courses of all patients were monitored prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Available clinical information, endoscopic features, pathological appearance, and follow-up data were assessed. Immunohistochemistry [mucin (MUC) 2, MUC5, MUC6, P53, CDX2, Ki67, SYN, CD56, CGA, β-catenin, and pepsinogen-I] was examined using Envision two-step method.Results Eight cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were obtained from our institution. Patient age ranged from 48-80 years (mean, 65 years). Some patients were on acid-suppressing medication. Most lesions were located in the upper third (n = 7) and one was in the middle third of the stomach. Six lesions were of the superficial flat type, whereas two were of the superficial elevated type. Narrow-band imaging using magnifying endoscopy showed irregular microvascular patterns (MVPs) in four cases and regular MVPs in the remaining cases. All lesions were primarily solitary and ~6 mm in diameter (largest, 12 mm). The main body of the tumors were localized in the mucosal layer, of which six cases invade into the submucosal layer. Well-formed glands of chief cells were predominant. Tumor cells were positive for pepsinogen-I, MUC6, SYN, and CD56. Lymphatic and vascular infiltration and metastatic and recurrent disease were not observed in any case.Conclusion GA-FG, a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with mild atypia, can be completely removed using ESD, with a favorable prognosis in patients.
mSwap: A Large-Scale Image-Compositing Method with Optimal m-ary Tree
Authors: Hou Min , Bi Chongke , Wang Fang , Deng Liang , Zheng Gang , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the increasing of computing ability, large-scale simulations have been generating massive amounts of data in aerodynamics. Sort-last parallel rendering is the most classical image compositing method for large-scale scientific visualization. However, in the stage of image compositing, the sort-last method may suffer from scalability problem on large-scale processors. Existing image compositing algorithms tend to perform well in certain situations. For instance, Direct Send is well on small and medium scale; Radix-k gets well performance only when the k-value is appropriate and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel method named mSwap for scientific visualization in aerodynamics, which uses the best scale of processors to make sure its performance at the best. mSwap groups the processors that we can use with a (m, k) table, which records the best combination of m (the number of processors in subgroup of each group) and k (the number of processors in each group). Then in each group, using a m-ary tree to composite the image for reducing the communication of processors. Finally, the image is composited between different groups to generate the final image. The performance and scalability of our mSwap method is demonstrated through experiments with thousands of processors.
miR-29b is Involved in Cartilage Autophagy and Muscle Atrophy in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ji Che , Peiyu Jia , Yantao Ma , Qi Han , Xiaolei Wang , Xiujuan Ning , Yongjun Zheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressively degenerative form of arthritis characterized by chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration. KOA also involves limb muscle atrophy, especially in the quadriceps muscles. However, there are limited options for the treatment of KOA. miR-29b stimulates apoptosis in the chondrocytes from patients with KOA and muscle atrophy in other models. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of miR-29b in cartilage autophagy and muscle atrophy.
Methods

Ten rats comprised the control cohort without anterior cruciate ligament transection. The treatment group (KOA induced in the right knee via anterior cruciate ligament transection) was divided into a model untreated group and a miR-29b-antagomir group (miR-29b antagomir injected 1 wk before surgery).
Results

Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed successful downregulation of miR-29b using antagomir in the joints and muscles. A weight-bearing test showed that miR-29b downregulation affected joint function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that downregulating miR-29b reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that miR-29b depletion enhanced autophagy by activating LC3 and beclin-1 in the cartilage. Autophagy was stimulated by the activation of MAPK and mTOR signaling. Depletion of miR-29b ameliorated the decrease in the weight of the quadriceps and the quadriceps weight/body weight ratio of the rats. Hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining showed that miR-29b downregulation inhibited muscular atrophy. Immunofluorescence showed that miR-29b downregulation affected IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated the therapeutic effect of miR-29b on autophagy in the cartilage and on muscle atrophy in a rat model for KOA, highlighting the potential of miR-29b as a therapeutic target for KOA.
PD-L1 chimeric costimulatory receptor improves the efficacy of CAR-T cells for PD-L1-positive solid tumors and reduces toxicity in vivo
Authors: Liao Qibin , Mao Yunyu , He Huan , Ding Xiangqing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: On-target off-tumor toxicity impedes the clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) in the treatment of solid tumors. Previous reports proved that the combinatorial antigen recognition strategy could improve the safety profile of CAR-T cells by targeting two different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), one as a CAR-T targeted antigen and the other as a chimeric costimulatory receptor (CCR) ligand. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as B7-H1) is preferentially overexpressed on multiple tumors, it will be highly interesting to explore the potential of PD-L1 as a universal target for designing CCR.Methods: A novel dual-targeted CAR, which is composed of first-generation CD19/HER2 CAR with CD3ζ signaling domain and PD-L1 CCR containing the CD28 costimulatory domain, was constructed and delivered into T cells by pseudotyped lentivirus. The cytokine release, cytotoxicity and proliferation of dual-targeted CAR-T cells were tested in vitro, and their safety and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated using a human tumor xenograft mouse model in vivo.Results: The dual-targeted CAR-T cells exerted a similar cytotoxic activity against CD19/HER2+ tumor cells with or without PD-L1 in vitro, however, enhanced cytokine releases and improved proliferative capacity were only observed in the presence of both CD19/HER2 and PD-L1. Importantly, the dual-targeted CAR-T cells displayed no cytotoxicity against PD-L1+ cells alone in the absence of tumor antigen CD19/HER2. In addition, the dual-targeted CAR-T cells preferably destroyed tumor xenografts bearing both CD19/HER2 and PD-L1, but spared only antigen-positive tumor xenografts without PD-L1 in vivo. Furthermore, PD-L1 CCR also improved the antitumor efficacy of the low-affinity HER2 CAR-T cells against PD-L1+ tumors expressing high levels of HER2.Conclusion: Our observations demonstrated that PD-L1 could be used as a universal target antigen for designing CCR, and the dual-targeted CAR-T cells equipped with PD-L1 CCR could be used to reduce the risk of on-target off-tumor toxicity while retaining their potent antitumor efficacy in the treatment of PD-L1+ solid tumors.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain
Authors: Picchio Camila A , Valencia Jorge , Doran Jason , Swan Tracy , Pastor Marta , Martró Elisa , Colom Joan , Lazarus Jeffrey V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers.Results: All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for two months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV, HCV], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis [TB]) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm.Conclusion: Overall, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy.
Evolution of prosocial behavior in multilayer populations
Authors: Su Qi , McAvoy Alex , Mori Yoichiro , Plotkin Joshua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Human societies include many types of social relationships. Friends, family, business colleagues, online contacts, and religious groups, for example, can all contribute to an individual's social life. Individuals may behave differently in different domains, but their success in one domain may nonetheless engender success in another. The complexity caused by distinct, but coupled, arenas of social interaction may be a key driver of prosocial or selfish behavior in societies. Here, we study this problem using multilayer networks to model a population with multiple domains of social interactions. An individual can appear in multiple different layers, each with separate behaviors and environments. We provide mathematical results on the resulting behavioral dynamics, for any multilayer structure. Across a diverse space of structures, we find that coupling between layers tends to promote prosocial behavior. In fact, even if prosociality is disfavored in each layer alone, multilayer coupling can promote its proliferation in all layers simultaneously. We apply these techniques to six real-world multilayer social networks, ranging from the networks of socio-emotional and professional relationships in a Zambian community, to the networks of online and offline relationships within an academic University. Our results suggest that coupling between distinct domains of social interaction is critical for the spread of prosociality in human societies.
Force-FAK Signaling Coupling at Individual Focal Adhesions
Coordinates Mechanosensing and Microtissue Repair
Authors: Zhou Dennis , Fernández-Yagüe Marc , Holland Elijah , García Andrés , Castro Nicolas , O’Neill Eric , Eyckmans Jeroen , Chen Christopher , Fu Jianping , Schlaepfer David D. , García Andrés 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
How adhesive forces are transduced and integrated into biochemical signals at focal adhesions (FAs) is poorly understood. Using cells adhering to deformable micropillar arrays, we demonstrate that traction force and FAK localization as well as traction force and Y397-FAK phosphorylation are linearly coupled at individual FAs on stiff, but not soft, substrates. Similarly, FAK phosphorylation increases linearly with external forces applied to FAs using magnetic beads. This mechanosignaling coupling requires actomyosin contractility, talin-FAK binding, and full-length vinculin that binds talin and actin. Using an in vitro 3D biomimetic wound healing model, we show that force-FAK signaling coupling coordinates cell migration and tissue-scale forces to promote microtissue repair. A simple kinetic binding model of talin-FAK interactions under force can recapitulate the experimental observations. This study provides insights on how talin and vinculin convert forces into FAK signaling events regulating cell migration and tissue repair.
Ulnar Nerve Morphology in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Nerve Recovery After Surgery for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Kim Jong Seop , Chae Young Ju , Shah Gajendra Mani , Gong Hyun Sik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful for the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), but its prognostic value for surgical outcomes is unknown. We aimed to determine whether MRI parameters correlated with outcomes after surgery for CuTS. Methods: We reviewed 40 patients who had electrodiagnostic tests and MRIs for CuTS preoperatively and had 6-month evaluations postoperatively. The MRI parameters were ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (UNCSA) measured at 6 different levels around the medial epicondyle (ME), signal intensity changes of innervated muscles of the ulnar nerve, and the presence of ganglion around the ulnar nerve. Other factors assessed were age, symptom duration, symptom severity, presence of diabetes mellitus, and electrodiagnostic parameters including motor nerve conduction velocity (mNCV). We analyzed the factors associated with fair or poor outcomes graded by Wilson-Krout classification. Results: The UNCSA was the largest at ME level and smallest at 3cm distal to ME level. Increased ulnar nerve signal intensity changes were found in 34 subjects and increased forearm muscle signal intensity changes were found in two. Ten patients were found to have ganglia. Twelve patients (30%) had excellent results, 19 (48%) had good, 8 (20%) had fair, and 1 (4%) had a poor result. In univariate analysis, fair or poor outcomes were associated with increased UNCSA 1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal from the ME, the presence of ganglion, and decreased mNCV. In multivariate analysis, fair or poor outcomes were associated with either increased UNCSA 1 cm distal from the ME (OR 11.15; p = 0.019), or increased UNCSA 1 cm proximal from the ME (OR 16.01; p = 0.038) and decreased mNCV (OR 0.92; p = 0.044).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that increased ulnar nerve cross-sectional area on MRI correlated with suboptimal improvement after surgery for CuTS at 6 months follow up. MRI examination for morphologic changes of the ulnar nerve can be helpful for patient consultation on the prognosis of surgery for CuTS.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits in a young female: a rare case misdiagnosed and immunosuppressive-treated for over four years
Authors: Xu Zi-Gan , Li Wei-Long , Wang Xi , Zhang Shu-Yuan , Zhang Ying-Wei , Wei Xing , Li Chun-Di , Zeng Ping , Luan Shao-Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDProliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) is a newly recognized rare disease. The renal pathology is characterized by prominent manifestations of membranous hyperplasia, which is easy to misdiagnose. Clinical symptoms are severe. Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are conspicuous, and most patients have renal insufficiency and microscopic hematuria.CASE PRESENTATIONA 27-year-old female was admitted to a hospital for macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria 4 years prior, and renal biopsy in the hospital suggested moderate-to-severe mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). She had taken glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide (CTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and other treatments, and achieved brief partial remission. Recently, she visited our hospital due to massive proteinuria. Repeated renal biopsy and anatomic slice re-evaluation 4 years previous revealed monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in the glomerulus. Bone marrow examination was performed to exclude hematologic malignancy, and the diagnosis was PGNMID. The patient showed remission after 4 cycles of bortezomib (B) + cyclophosphamide (C) + dexamethasone scheme (D).CONCLUSIONPGNMID is usually misdiagnosed as MsPGN or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Although it often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals, it cannot be readily excluded in young people, even when serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is negative. IgG subtype and light chain staining are necessary in the presence of high suspicion of this disease. An accurate diagnosis at the earliest stage may avoid overuse of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.
Deletion at an 1q24 locus reveals a critical role of long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in skeletal development
Authors: Yu Ting-ting , Xu Qiu-fan , Huang Hui-jie , Dugan Sarah , Shao Lei , Roggenbuck Jennifer , Liu Xiao-tong , Liu Huai-ze , Hirsch Betsy , Yue Shen , Liu Chen , Cheng Steven 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Skeletal development and maintenance are complex processes known to be coordinated by multiple genetic and epigenetic signaling pathways. However, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of crucial epigenetic regulatory molecules, has been under explored in skeletal biology. Results: Here we report a young patient with short stature, hypothalamic dysfunction and mild macrocephaly, who carries a maternally inherited 690kb deletion at Chr.1q24.2 encompassing a noncoding RNA gene, DNM3OS, embedded on the opposite strand in an intron of the DYNAMIN 3 (DNM3)gene. We show that lncRNA DNM3OS sustains the proliferation of chondrocytes independent of two co-cistronic microRNAs miR-199a and miR-214. We further show that nerve growth factor (NGF), a known factor of chondrocyte growth, is a key target of DNM3OS-mediated control of chondrocyte proliferation.Conclusion: This work demonstrates that DNM3OS is essential for preventing premature differentiation of chondrocytes required for bone growth through endochondral ossification.
Acceptability and Impact of Group Interpersonal Therapy (IPT-G) on Kenyan Adolescent Mothers Living with HIV: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Yator Obadia , Khasakhala Lincoln , Stewart Grace John , Kumar Manasi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Task shifting is a well-tested implementation strategy, within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), that addresses the shortage of trained mental health personnel. Task sharing can increase access to care for patients with mental illnesses. In Kenya, community health workers [CHWs are a combination of community health assistants (CHAs) and community health volunteers (CHVs)], have played a crucial role in this front. In our study, we seek to assess the acceptability and feasibility of IPT-G delivered by CHWs among depressed postpartum adolescents (PPAs) living with HIV.Method Twenty-four PPAs were administered IPT-G by trained CHWs from two health centers. A two-arm study design (IPT-G intervention and treatment as usual) with an intent to treat was used to assess acceptability and feasibility of IPT-G. Participants who scored >10 on Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) and who were 6–12 weeks postpartum were eligible for the study using purposeful sampling. Participants were equally distributed into two groups: one group for intervention and another for wait-list group. This was achieved by randomly allocating numerical numbers and separating those with odd numbers (intervention group) and even numbers (wait-list group). Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews ascertained the experience and perceptions of the postpartum adolescents and the CHWs. In addition to weekly face-to-face continuous supportive supervision for CHWs, phone calls, short messages services, and WhatsApp instant messaging services were also utilized.Results The CHWs found the intervention useful for their own knowledge and skill-set. On participation, 21out of the 24 adolescents attended all sessions. Most of the adolescents reported improvement in their interpersonal relationships with reduced distress and lessening of HIV-related stigma. Primary health care workers embraced the intervention by availing space for sessions. Conclusion Our study demonstrates possible benefits of task shifting in addressing mental health problems within low-resource settings in Kenya and group IPT is demonstrated to be both acceptable and feasible by health workers and adolescents receiving care.