bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van der Geest K. S. M. , Treglia G. , Glaudemans A. W. J. M. , Brouwer E. , Jamar F. , Slart R. H. J. A. , Gheysens O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) can be difficult to diagnose. Whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT allows for a comprehensive evaluation of all relevant articular and extra-articular structures affected by PMR. We aimed to summarize current evidence on the diagnostic value of [18F]FDG-PET/CT for a diagnosis of PMR.

Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library database were searched from inception through May 31, 2020. Studies containing patients with PMR who underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT were included. Screening and full-text review were performed by 3 investigators and data extraction by 2 investigators. Risk of bias was examined with the QUADAS-2 tool. Diagnostic test meta-analysis was performed with a bivariate model.

Results
Twenty studies were included in the systematic review, of which 9 studies (n = 636 patients) were eligible for meta-analysis. [18F]FDG positivity at the following sites was associated with a diagnosis of PMR: interspinous bursae (positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 4.00; 95% CI 1.84–8.71), hips (LR+ 2.91; 95% CI 2.09–4.05), ischial tuberosities (LR+ 2.86; 95% CI 1.91–4.28), shoulders (LR+ 2.57; 95% CI 1.24–5.32) and sternoclavicular joints (LR+ 2.31; 95% CI 1.33–4.02). Negative likelihood ratios (LR−) for these sites, as well as the greater trochanters, were all less than 0.50. Composite [18F]FDG-PET/CT scores, as reported in 3 studies, provided a pooled LR+ of 3.91 (95% CI 2.42–6.32) and LR− of 0.19 (95% CI 0.10–0.36). Moderate to high heterogeneity was observed across the studies, mainly due to differences in patient selection, scanning procedures and/or interpretation criteria.

Conclusion
Significant [18F]FDG uptake at a combination of anatomic sites is informative for a diagnosis of PMR. [18F]FDG-PET/CT might be an important diagnostic tool in patients with suspected PMR. This study also highlights the need for adherence to published procedural recommendations and standardized interpretation criteria for the use of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in PMR.
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for response assessment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing tyrosine kinase or checkpoint inhibitor therapy: preliminary results
Authors: Mittlmeier L. M. , Unterrainer M. , Rodler S. , Todica A. , Albert N. L. , Burgard C. , Cyran C. C. , Kunz W. G. , Ricke J. , Bartenstein P. , Stief C. G. , Ilhan H. , Staehler M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Tyrosine kinase (TKI) and checkpoint inhibitors (CI) prolonged overall survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Early prediction of treatment response is highly desirable for the individualization of patient management and improvement of therapeutic outcome; however, serum biochemistry is unable to predict therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, we compared 18F-PSMA-1007 PET imaging for response assessment in mRCC patients undergoing TKI or CI therapy compared to CT-based response assessment as the current imaging reference standard.

Methods
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT was performed in mRCC patients prior to initiation of systemic treatment and 8 weeks after therapy initiation. Treatment response was evaluated separately on 18F-PSMA-PET and CT. Changes on PSMA-PET (SUVmean) were assessed on a per patient basis using a modified PERCIST scoring system. Complete response (CRPET) was defined as absence of any uptake in all target lesions on posttreatment PET. Partial response (PRPET) was defined as decrease in summed SUVmean of > 30%. The appearance of new, PET-positive lesions or an increase in summed SUVmean of > 30% was defined as progressive disease (PDPET). A change in summed SUVmean of ± 30% defined stable disease (SDPET). RECIST 1.1 criteria were used for response assessment on CT. Results of radiographic response assessment on PSMA-PET and CT were compared.

Results
Overall, 11 mRCC patients undergoing systemic treatment were included. At baseline PSMA-PET1, all mRCC patients showed at least one PSMA-avid lesion. On follow-up PET2, 3 patients showed CRPET, 3 PRPET, 4 SDPET, and 1 PDPET. According to RECIST 1.1, 1 patient showed PRCT, 9 SDCT, and 1 PDCT. Overall, concordant classifications were found in only 2 cases (2 SDCT + PET). Patients with CRPET on PET were classified as 3 SDCT on CT using RECIST 1.1. By contrast, the patient classified as PRCT on CT showed PSMA uptake without major changes during therapy (SDPET). However, among 9 patients with SDCT on CT, 3 were classified as CRPET, 3 as PRPET, 1 as PDPET, and only 2 as SDPET on PSMA-PET.

Conclusion
On PSMA-PET, heterogeneous courses were observed during systemic treatment in mRCC patients with highly diverging results compared to RECIST 1.1. In the light of missing biomarkers for early response assessment, PSMA-PET might allow more precise response assessment to systemic treatment, especially in patients classified as SD on CT.
Population cycles and outbreaks of small rodents: ten essential questions we still need to solve
Authors: Andreassen Harry P. , Sundell Janne , Ecke Fraucke , Halle Stefan , Haapakoski Marko , Henttonen Heikki , Huitu Otso , Jacob Jens , Johnsen Kaja , Koskela Esa , Luque-Larena Juan Jose , Lecomte Nicolas , Leirs Herwig , Mariën Joachim , Neby Magne , Rätti Osmo , Sievert Thorbjörn , Singleton Grant R. , van Cann Joannes , Vanden Broecke Bram , Ylönen Hannu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost small rodent populations in the world have fascinating population dynamics. In the northern hemisphere, voles and lemmings tend to show population cycles with regular fluctuations in numbers. In the southern hemisphere, small rodents tend to have large amplitude outbreaks with less regular intervals. In the light of vast research and debate over almost a century, we here discuss the driving forces of these different rodent population dynamics. We highlight ten questions directly related to the various characteristics of relevant populations and ecosystems that still need to be answered. This overview is not intended as a complete list of questions but rather focuses on the most important issues that are essential for understanding the generality of small rodent population dynamics.
A Systematic Review of Household and Family Alcohol Use and Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Huq Tausif , Alexander Emma C. , Manikam Logan , Jokinen Tahir , Patil Priyanka , Benjumea Darrin , Das Ishani , Davidson Leslie L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChildhood exposure to alcohol misuse by household adults has been related to childhood developmental delay, cognitive impacts, mental illness, and problem behaviours. Most evidence comes from high income countries. This systematic review only included studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Five databases were searched from 1990–2020. Twenty-eight studies of children 0–12 years were included, with 42,599 participants from 11 LMICs. The most common outcome was behavioural problems/disorders (19 studies). Despite varying study designs, this review found that alcohol misuse by household members in LMICs is associated with adverse child neurodevelopmental outcomes, although casual inferences cannot be drawn in the absence of well conducted prospective studies. Statistically significant correlations were described between parental alcohol misuse and child emotional and behavioural difficulties, cognitive delay, and risky behaviours. In future, prospective cohort studies are recommended, with adjustment for confounders.
Surface Tension and Density of Liquid Hot Work Tool Steel W360 by voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Measured with an Electromagnetic Levitation Apparatus
Authors: Leitner Thomas , Werkovits Anna , Kleber Siegfried , Pottlacher Gernot 
Published: December 2020

AbstractW360 is a hot work tool steel produced by voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG, a special steel producer located in Styria, Austria. Surface tension and density of liquid W360 were studied as a function of temperature in a non-contact, containerless fashion using the oscillating drop method inside an electromagnetic levitation setup. For both, surface tension and density, a linear model was adapted to present the temperature dependence of these measures, including values for the uncertainties of the fit parameters found. The data obtained are compared to pure iron (with 91 wt% the main component of W360), showing an overlap for the liquid density while there is a significant difference in surface tension (− 5.8 % at the melting temperature of pure iron of 1811 K).
Speeds of Sound in n-Hexane and n-Heptane at Temperatures from (233.33 to 353.21) K and Pressures up to 20 MPa
Authors: Scholz Christian W. , Richter Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe speed of sound in high-purity n-hexane and n-heptane was experimentally studied utilizing the double-path length pulse-echo technique. Measurements with each alkane were carried out at temperatures from (233 to 353) K with pressures up to 20 MPa. Considering the uncertainty contributions from temperature, pressure, path-length calibration, pulse timing and sample purity, the relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) in the speed of sound in n-hexane ranges from (0.012 to 0.042) % over the investigated ranges of pressure and temperature; for n-heptane, the uncertainty varies from (0.014 to 0.018) %. The sound speed data measured in n-hexane were among the data used for the development of a new fundamental equation of state, which is, however, not described in this work. The experimental data of n-heptane can be considered appropriate for modeling purposes and validation of existing equations of state.
From Lay Depression Narratives to Secular Ritual Healing: An Online Ethnography of Mental Health Forums
Authors: Sik Domonkos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article aims at analysing online depression forums enabling lay reinterpretation and criticism of expert biomedical discourses. Firstly, two contrasting interpretations of depression are reconstructed: expert psy-discourses are confronted with the phenomenological descriptions of lay experiences, with a special emphasis on online forums as empirical platforms hosting such debates. After clarifying the general theoretical stakes concerning contested ‘depression narratives’, the results of an online ethnography are introduced: the main topics appearing in online discussions are summarised (analysing how the abstract tensions between lay and expert discourses appear in the actual discussions), along with the idealtypical discursive logics (analysing pragmatic advises, attempts of reframing self-narratives and expressions of unconditional recognition). Finally, based on these analyses an attempt is made to explore the latent functionality of online depression forums by referring to a secular ‘ritual healing’ existing as an unreflected, contingent potential.
Repurposing clinical drugs is a promising strategy to discover drugs against Zika virus infection
Authors: Song Weibao , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhang Yu , Li Rui , Han Yanxing , Lin Yuan , Jiang Jiandong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen associated with neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns. This mosquito-borne flavivirus causes important social and sanitary problems owing to its rapid dissemination. However, the development of antivirals against ZIKV is lagging. Although various strategies have been used to study anti-ZIKV agents, approved drugs or vaccines for the treatment (or prevention) of ZIKV infections are currently unavailable. Repurposing clinically approved drugs could be an effective approach to quickly respond to an emergency outbreak of ZIKV infections. The well-established safety profiles and optimal dosage of these clinically approved drugs could provide an economical, safe, and efficacious approach to address ZIKV infections. This review focuses on the recent research and development of agents against ZIKV infection by repurposing clinical drugs. Their characteristics, targets, and potential use in anti-ZIKV therapy are presented. This review provides an update and some successful strategies in the search for anti-ZIKV agents are given.
Facilitated Regional Collaboration and In-Hospital Surgical Complication
Authors: Lockett Mark A. , Mauldin Patrick D. , Zhang Jingwen , Marsden Justin E. , Taber David J. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Chung Catherine , Hebbar Preetha , Adams Larry , Baliga Prabhakar K. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Surgical quality improvement efforts are challenging due to the multidisciplinary nature of care, difficulties obtaining reliable data, and variability in quality metrics. The objective of this analysis was to assess whether participation in a regional collaborative quality initiative was associated with decreased in-hospital surgical complication in South Carolina.

STUDY DESIGN:
In-hospital surgical complication rates were determined using a statewide all-payer claims data set. Retrospective, univariate, and longitudinal multivariable analyses were performed and adjustments were made to account for aggregated hospital-level patient characteristics.

RESULTS:
The analysis included 275,387 general surgery cases performed in South Carolina hospitals between January 2016 and December 2018. Eight hospitals involved in the South Carolina Surgical Quality Collaborative (SCSQC) performed 56,179 cases and 51 non-SCSQC hospitals performed 219,208 cases. Univariate analysis revealed SCSQC hospitals performed operations in older patients (p < 0.0001) and patients with higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (p < 0.0001). SCSQC hospitals had higher mean in-hospital surgical complication rates at the surgery level compared with non-SCSQC hospitals (8.3% vs 7.0%; p < 0.0001). However, in multivariable analyses, the rate ratio for in-hospital surgical complication in SCSQC hospitals was 0.994 (95% CI, 0.989 to 0.998; p = 0.008) per month compared with non-SCSQC hospitals. This suggests a 21.6% (95% CI, 7.2% to 39.6%) proportional decrease in the rate of in-hospital surgical complication during 3 years associated with participation in the regional collaborative quality initiative.

CONCLUSIONS:
Structured collaboration between facilities, reliable data abstraction support, timely data review, and active member participation resulted in outcomes improvements for participating hospitals compared with hospitals that did not participate in a regional collaborative quality initiative.
Preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Physical Function and Perioperative Complication in Major Abdominal Colorectal Operations
Authors: Otegbeye Ebunoluwa E. , Chapman William C. , Bauer Philip S. , Smith Radhika K. , Glasgow Sean C. , Wise Paul E. , Hunt Steven R. , Silviera Matthew L. , Mutch Matthew G. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) is a validated tool for capturing a patient's perception of their physical capacity. The goal of this study was to determine whether preoperative PF correlates with a risk of postoperative complications.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients from a single-institution American College of Surgeons NSQIP database undergoing elective colorectal abdominal operations from January 2018 to June 2019 with a preoperative PROMIS-PF T-score were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients were divided into moderate to severe (score <40) and minimal to mild (score ≥40) physical disability cohorts. Primary outcomes were any complication and any Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complication. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.

RESULTS:
In total, 249 patients were included: 78 (31%) with self-scored moderate to severe disability and 171 (69%) with minimal to mild disability. Patients who scored as moderate to severe disability had a higher frequency of comorbidities and an open operative approach compared with patients with minimal to mild disability. These patients then had higher rates of any complication (37.2% vs 19.9%; p = 0.0036) and Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complications (14.1% vs 7.6%; p = 0.017). After adjusting for patient factors, surgical procedure, and approach, patients scoring as moderate to severe disability were 2.00 times more likely (95% CI, 1.05 to 3.84; p = 0.036) to have any complication and 2.76 times more likely (95% CI, 1.07 to 7.14; p = 0.036) to have a Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complication.

CONCLUSIONS:
Moderate to severe PF disability score is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications among patients undergoing colorectal operations. PROMIS-PF T-score can be a useful tool to identify patients who would benefit from targeted preoperative interventions, such as patient education, nutritional optimization, and prehabilitation.
Development of Disaster Nursing in China: From the Spirit of Nightingale to COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Di , Zhang Liyan , Gong Aihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs an emerging discipline, disaster nursing is very important in disaster emergency management, but there are few mature practice models and theoretical discussions. In particular, the contribution of nursing staff in disaster emergency has not yet received widespread attention and recognition. After more than 10 y of rapid development, China’s disaster nursing has gradually formed a Chinese model and Chinese experience. During the global fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this article takes the nursing work in disaster emergency rescue as the perspective and briefly describes the development process of disaster nursing in China to introduce the practice and theoretical development of disaster nursing in China to nursing workers around the world. Analyzing the role of Chinese nurses in national disaster emergency response provides a reference for global disaster nursing talent capacity building. By sharing the Nightingale spirit of Chinese nurses in disaster emergency, we will show people all over the world the professional value of disaster nursing practitioners and pay tribute to the nursing staff engaged in disaster emergency work.
Chew on it: influence of oral processing behaviour on in vitro protein digestion of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken
Authors: Chen Yao , Capuano Edoardo , Stieger Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOral processing behaviour can affect the bioavailability of macronutrients. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of oral processing behaviour on bolus properties and in vitro protein digestion of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken. Natural chewing time and chewing frequency of both foods were determined in healthy adults (n 96). While natural chewing time differed considerably between consumers (chicken: 7·7–39·4 s; soya-based vegetarian chicken: 7·8–46·2 s), chewing frequency (1·4 chews/s) did not differ considerably between consumers and was independent of product type. Natural chewing times of 11 and 24 s were found for clusters of consumers showing shortest and longest chewing time for both products. Chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken were chewed for 11 and 24 s and boli expectorated by n 16 consumers to determine in vitro gastric digestion and by n 7 to determine in vitro intestinal digestion. For both foods, longer chewing time resulted in the formation of significantly (P < 0·05) more and smaller bolus fragments and higher in vitro degree of protein hydrolysis (DH%) than shorter chewing time (chicken: DH%11s = 7 ± 23 % and DH%24s = 89 ± 26 %; soya-based vegetarian chicken: DH%11s = 57 ± 18 % and DH%24s = 70 ± 21 %, P < 0·001). In vitro degree of protein hydrolysis was higher for chicken than that for soya-based vegetarian chicken regardless of chewing time. We conclude that naturally occurring longer chewing time leads to more and smaller bolus particles of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken and thereby increases in vitro protein hydrolysis compared with shorter chewing time.
Validation of New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health (NINA-DISH) FFQ with multiple 24-h dietary recalls among pregnant women in Pune, India
Authors: Rajagopalan Kripa , Alexander Mallika , Naik Shilpa , Patil Nikhil , Mehta Shivani , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Bhosale Ramesh , Mathad Jyoti S. , Caulfield Laura E. , Gupta Amita , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Shivakoti Rupak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdequate dietary intake is critical to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. India has a high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of adequate tools to assess dietary intake. We validate an FFQ, New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health (NINA-DISH), among pregnant women living with and without HIV in Pune, India. Women were selected from a cohort study investigating immune responses to HIV and latent tuberculosis during pregnancy. The FFQ was administered during the third trimester and validated against multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) collected in second and third trimesters. Data for analysis were available from fifty-eight women out of seventy enrolled into this sub-study, after excluding those with incomplete data or implausible energy intake. The median (Q1, Q3) age of study participants was 23 (20, 25) years. Median (Q1, Q3) daily energy intakes were 10 552 (8000, 11 958) and 10 673 (8510, 13 962) kJ by 24-HDR and FFQ, respectively, with FFQ overestimating nutrient intake. Pearson correlations between log-transformed estimates from FFQ and 24-HDR for energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, Fe and Zn were 0·47, 0·48, 0·45, 0·33, 0·4 and 0·54, respectively. Energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlations ranged from 0·41 (saturated fat) to 0·73 (Na). The highest misclassification into extreme tertiles was observed for fat (22 %), saturated fat (21 %) and Na (21 %). Bias existed at higher intake levels as observed by Bland–Altman plots. In conclusion, NINA-DISH is a valid and feasible tool for estimating dietary intakes among urban pregnant women in Western India.
Early Jurassic palaeopolar marine reptiles of Siberia
Authors: Zverkov Nikolay G. , Grigoriev Dmitry V. , Danilov Igor G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarine reptile occurrences are rare in the Lower Jurassic Series outside of Europe. Here we describe diverse marine reptile faunas from the Lower Jurassic Series (Pliensbachian and Toarcian stages, including the Toarcian–Aalenian boundary interval) of Eastern Siberia. The taxonomic composition of Toarcian marine reptile assemblages of Siberia highlight their cosmopolitan nature, with the presence of taxa previously known nearly exclusively from coeval strata of Europe, such as ichthyosauriansTemnodontosaurusandStenopterygius, microcleidid plesiosaurians (including the genusMicrocleidus), rhomaleosaurids and basal pliosaurids. The palaeogeographic reconstruction places these faunas to the palaeopolar region, north of the 80th northern parallel and up to the palaeo north pole (upper value within the 95% confidence interval for some of the localities). The materials include remains of both mature and juvenile (or even infant, judging by their very small size and poor ossification) animals, indicating a possibility that these polar seas may serve as a breeding area. The diversity and abundance of plesiosaurians and ichthyosaurians, along with a lack of thalattosuchian remains (considering their wide distribution elsewhere at low latitudes), is an additional argument that plesiosaurians and neoichthyosaurians were able to live and reproduce in a polar environment. There is no certainty whether these animals lived in polar seas permanently, or whether they were taking seasonal migrations. However, given the polar night conditions at high latitudes, the latter seems more plausible, and both these scenarios are further indirect evidence that these groups likely had a high metabolism.