bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in preventing mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective case series
Authors: Thibodeaux Kerry , Speyrer Marcus , Raza Amer , Yaakov Raphael , Serena Thomas E 
Published: May 2020

Objective: A pandemic afflicts the entire world. The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and rapidly spread across the entire globe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)has infected more than two million people worldwide, causing over 160,000 deaths. Patients with COVID-19 disease present with a wide array of symptoms, ranging from mild flu-like complaints to life threatening pulmonary and cardiac complications. Older people and patients with underlying disease have an increased risk of developing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Once intubated, mortality increases exponentially. A number of pharmacologic regimens, including hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin, antiviral therapy (eg, remdesevir), and anti-IL-6 agents (e.g., toclizumab), have been highlighted by investigators over the course of the pandemic, based on the therapy's potential to interrupt the viral life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or preventing cytokine storm. At present, there have been no conclusive series of reproducible randomised clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of any one drug or therapy for COVID-19. Cases: COVID-19 positive patients (n=5) at a single institution received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) between 13 and 20 April 2020. All the patients had tachypnoea and low oxygen saturation despite receiving high FiO2. HBOT was added to prevent the need for mechanical ventilation. A standard dive profile of 2.0ATA for 90 minutes was employed. Patients received between one and six treatments in one of two dedicated monoplace hyperbaric chambers. Results: All the patients recovered without the need for mechanical ventilation. Following HBOT, oxygen saturation increased, tachypnoea resolved and inflammatory markers fell. At the time of writing, three of the five patients have been discharged from the hospital and two remain in stable condition. Conclusion: This small sample of patients exhibited dramatic improvement with HBOT. Most importantly, HBOT potentially prevented the need for mechanical ventilation. Larger studies are likely to define the role of HBOT in the treatment of this novel disease.
Barbed and conventional sutures in spinal surgery patients: an economic and clinical outcomes comparison
Authors: Johnston Stephen S , Chen Brian Po-Han , Tommaselli Giovanni A , Jain Simran , Pracyk John B 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To compare economic and clinical outcomes of barbed sutures versus conventional sutures alone in wound closure for patients undergoing spinal surgery. Method: A retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database. The database was searched for patients who underwent elective inpatient spinal surgery (fusion or laminectomy) for a spinal disorder between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018 (first=index admission). Using billing records for medical supplies used during the index admission, patients were classified into mutually-exclusive groups: patients with any use of STRATAFIX (Ethicon, US) knotless tissue control devices (barbed sutures group); or patients with use of conventional sutures alone (conventional sutures group). Outcomes included the index admission's length of stay, total and subcategories of hospital costs, non-home discharge, operating room time (ORT, minutes), wound complications and readmissions within ≤90 days. Propensity score matching and generalised estimating equations were used to compare outcomes between the study groups. Results: After matching, 3705 patients were allocated to each group (mean age=61.5 years [standard deviation, SD±12.9]; 54% were females). Compared with the conventional suture group, the barbed suture group had significantly lower mean ORT (239±117 minutes, versus 263±79 minutes conventional sutures, p=0.015). Operating room costs were also siginificantly lower in the barbed suture group ($6673±$3976 versus $7100±$2700 conventional sutures, p=0.020). Differences were statistically insignificant for other outcomes (all p>0.05). Subanalysis of patients undergoing fusions of ≥2 vertebral joints yielded consistent results. Conclusion: In this study, wound closure incorporating barbed sutures was associated with lower ORT and operating room costs, with no significant difference in wound complications or readmissions, when compared with conventional sutures alone.
CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO E A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA EM MUNICÍPIOS GOIANOS
Authors: Raimann Ari , BARAÚNA FÁTIMA ALMEIDA 
Published: May 2020

O texto analisa o modelo de gestão do Conselho Municipal de Educação (CME) em três municípios do Estado de Goiás - Rio Verde, Santa Helena de Goiás e Jataí-GO. A pesquisa de campo e documental, de natureza qualitativa foi norteada pela seguinte questão: quais seriam as formas de gestão e atuação dos CMEs em relação ao viés democrático? Como procedimento metodológico, foram utilizados questionários com questões semiestruturadas. A análise teve como suporte a perspectiva crítica. Os dados mostraram que os Conselhos Municipais de Educação se constituem importantes mecanismos que contribuem para o fortalecimento da democracia local, e que podem se tornar um ambiente de articulação política, de organização e de reflexão da sociedade civil acerca dos desafios educacionais dos municípios.
Rural non-profit leaders and their (in)formal role in local development
Authors: Potluka Oto , Fanta Petr 
Published: May 2020

Current interest in place-based leadership is playing a crucial role in local development. It concerns mainly politicians and public servants. The role of non-profit leaders is still an under-researched topic. Thus, we ask the following research questions: Are rural areas with local action groups (LAGs) more attractive to people than those without? Within rural areas with LAGs, are those with a higher proportion of non-profit partners more attractive to people?
On a sample of 6,262 Czech municipalities, we tested whether membership of municipalities in LAGs and non-profit leadership attributed to positive migration balance. We did it by the application of the propensity score matching method combined with the difference–indifference approach.
We found positive estimates for both LAGs’ membership and non-profit leadership on the attractiveness of municipalities. The participation of non-profit leaders makes an important difference. These results underline the importance of bottom-up approaches with voluntary engagement. Moreover, our findings demonstrate contradictory aspects of top-down imposed policies.
Flexible coherent UDWDM-PON with dynamic user allocation based on limited-tunability lasers
Authors: Segarra Josep , Sales Vicent , Polo Víctor , Tabares Jeison , Prat Josep 
Published: May 2020

Coherent wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies have leveraged the optical communication systems in core networks, increasing the fiber capacity by transmission with advanced modulation formats and mitigation of impairments with digital signal processing. However, these solutions are too expensive for access networks, where cost, power budget, and footprint are limited. Hence, the key technology will be developing low-cost coherent transceivers providing an excellent selectivity and giving high sensitivity, which allows high splitting ratios. This paper reports an experimental design of a low-cost coherent ultra-dense WDM passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) with 6.25 GHz channel spacing. The users’ optical network unit (ONU) is built employing coherent transceivers with two paired low-cost distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, one as the local oscillator and another as the transmitter, offering simplicity and low-cost hardware; likewise, the optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office can profit from the same design. The ONU DFB lasers have wavelengths with limited thermal tunability, controlled by a thermo-electric cooler, which is used to allocate the wavelengths. A medium access control (MAC) at the OLT manages the spectrum channel allocation for ONUs, demanding connection when activation is requested: the OLT furnishes an optical carrier wavelength for the ONU to obtain connection by a control algorithm, assigning a down-channel and another paired up-channel assigned to the ONU DFB transmitter. The MAC can reassign the channels because of interference or collision in a dynamic wavelength allocation. Measures in an activation process and in channel reassignment have been performed in environmental conditions, including control signals and the physical parameters of DFB lasers, demonstrating the practical viability of the PON scaling from 32 up to 256 wavelength channels.
Diverse Student Perceptions of Active Learning in a Large Enrollment STEM Course
Authors: Kressler Benikia , Kressler Jochen 
Published: May 2020

The concept of active learning as a superior mode of instruction has recently received great attention in the education research literature. It holds promise of steering students away from rote memorization towards higher order thinking. However, few studies focus on student perceptions of higher order thinking activities and diverse student voices are all but absent in this regard. This study applies a combined approach of exploratory qualitative and supplementary quantitative analysis to address this gap. We examined perceptions of underrepresented and non-underrepresented students regarding their engagement in active learning to foster higher order thinking. The study was set within a large enrollment (198 students), undergraduate course in the area of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The study sample comprised of 33 purposefully selected, ethnically and racially diverse students. Data sources included class attendance/participation, graded activity assignments, and a perception survey. Class attendance and graded assignments were used to triangulate responses on the perception surveys. The Generic Inductive Approach supported our qualitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed via two-way ANOVA, non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test (when assumptions did not hold) and simple linear regression. Findings include three themes that cut across groups; participants perceived their higher order thinking skills improved, that there were benefits and challenges to active learning and a fear of failing the course. Quantitative data from the active learning activities and attendance supported similar engagement and achievement in higher order thinking activities across race/ethnicity groups as differences failed to reach the a priori established significance threshold. This study extends the knowledge on active learning and demonstrates that it was possible to engage underrepresented and non-underrepresented students equally and effectively in higher order thinking actives in large enrollment courses and that students perceived this as beneficial.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH WANITA POSTMENOPAUSE HIPERTENSIF
Authors: Lestari Aryati Puji , Rahayuningsih Hesti Murwani 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia reached 6.7% of the population mortality at all ages. The blood pressure of postmenopausal women tends to increase due to decreased of the protective effect of estrogens and increased of salt sensitivity. Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum commune) contains potassium and lycopene which has the effect of decreasing blood pressure.Objective: Determine the effect of consuming tomato juice (Lycopersicum commune) to the blood pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women.Method: This study is an experiment with a pre-post test control group design. The numbers of study subjects are 34 respondents with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and or diastolic ≥ 90mmHg. The tomato juice of 200 ml consumption once a day for 7 days is made from 150 gram tomato, 5 gram sugar, and 50 ml water.Result: There is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 11.76 ± 7.276 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 8.82 ± 3.321 mmHg in the treatment group. The tomato juice consumption significantly influences the decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: The tomato juice significantly decreases the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in postmenopausal hypertensive women.Keywords: tomato juice, blood pressure, hypertension
PERBEDAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL DAN HDL ANTARA WANITA VEGETARIAN TIPE VEGAN DAN NON-VEGAN
Authors: Edyanto Ermia , Puruhita Niken 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground: Studies which investigated different risk for cardiovascular disease in vegetarian reported that each vegetarian diet type had different lipid serum level. Elevated LDL cholesterol level and reduced HDL cholesterol level are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. This study was aimed to compare levels on LDL and HDL cholesterol between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan.Methods: Two groups of vegetarian women, 23 people in each group of vegan and non-vegan, participated in this cross-sectional study. The data taken of each subject were nutrient intakes (total fat, PUFA, MUFA, SFA, cholesterol, and total fiber), physical activity, body weight, height, LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, independent-t test, Mann-Whitney test and ANACOVA test.Results: There were no significant differences on LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan, both before and after variables i.e age, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), amount of total fat, PUFA, MUFA, SFA, cholesterol, and total fiber adjusted (p > 0,05). LDL cholesterol levels for vegetarian vegan and non-vegan were respectively: 97,8 ± 54,87 mg/dl and 112,6 ± 36,03 mg/dl, while for HDL cholesterol, those levels were 54,9 ± 11,15 mg/dl and 55,2 ± 10,82 mg/dl. In multivariant analysis, the most influential variables on LDL cholesterol serum level were age (p = 0,001) and physical activity (p = 0,010), while for HDL serum cholesterol were BMI (p = 0,010) and total fat (p = 0,012). This study also found the significant difference of BMI between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan (p = 0,011), whose for each of groups’ BMI, were respectively: 20,9 ± 3,08 kg/m2 and 23,5 ± 3,53 kg/m2. Conclusion: LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels are not different between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan. BMI of both groups is different. Age and physical activity affect on LDL serum cholesterol level, while BMI and total fat affect on HDL serum cholesterol level. LDL cholesterol serum level and BMI in vegetarian vegan are lower than non-vegan. Key words: Vegetarian diet, vegan, non-vegan, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUAH PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY DENGAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Wahyuningrum Marlina Rully , Probosari Enny 
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Hiperkolesterolemia juga disertai dengan hipertrigliseridemia. Konsumsi buah-buahan dianjurkan guna menurunkan kadar trigliserida. Pepaya merupakan buah yang mengandung betakaroten, niasin, vitamin C, quercetin, dan serat yang diduga dapat menurunkan kadar trilgliserida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian buah pepaya terhadap kadar trigliserida pada tikus Sprague Dawley dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah true-experimental laboratorik dengan pre and post test with randomized control group design. Subjek penelitian yaitu 28 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berusia 7-8 minggu dengan berat 100-200 g yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia, kemudian dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak dan kolesterol, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3 yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak dan kolesterol serta buah pepaya dengan dosis 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu. Kadar trigliserida serum diperiksa secara enzymatic colorimetric dengan metode GPO-PAP. Normalitas data diuji dengan Shapiro Wilks. Data kelompok kontrol, perlakuan 1 dan 2 dianalisis dengan uji paired t-test sedangkan kelompok perlakuan 3 dengan uji Wilcoxon. Perbedaan perubahan keempat kelompok dianalisis dengan uji One Way Anova pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil : Kelompok perlakuan yang diberi buah pepaya 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu mengalami penurunan kadar trigliserida berturut-turut sebesar 25,13%, 17,40%, dan 33,21%, tetapi penurunan tersebut tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Penurunan paling besar dan bermakna (p<0,05) terdapat pada kelompok kontrol yaitu sebesar 42,53%. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antar keempat kelompok. Simpulan : Pemberian buah pepaya dengan dosis 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu tidak dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida secara bermakna pada tikus Sprague Dawley dengan hiperkolesterolemia.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH, PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH KEBIASAAN OLAHRAGA, USIA AWAL MENSTRUASI DENGAN KEPADATAN TULANG PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Maspaitella Meidi L , Dieny Fillah Fithra 
Published: May 2020

Latar belakang : Remaja merupakan periode growth spurt sehingga kebutuhan zat gizi meningkat. Namun kenyataan beberapa remaja memiliki kepadatan tulang yang rendah hal ini disebabkan antara lain: asupan kalsium dan fosfor yang tidk seimbang, aktivitas olahraga yang kurang, kelebihan atau kekurangan berat badan serta terlambat menstruasi. Tujuan : Mengindentifikasi hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh, persen lemak tubuh, kebiasaan olahraga, usia awal menstruasi, asupan kalsium, dan asupan fosfor dengan kepadatan Metode : Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah subjek 74 anak dipilih secara proportional stratified ramdom sampling. Data yang diteliti meliputi indeks massa tubuh (IMT), persen lemak tubuh yg diukur dengan Bio Impedance Analyzer dan microtoice, kebiasaan olahraga, usia awal menstruasi, asupan kalsium dan fosfor diukur melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner dan food frequency questionnaire dan food recall serta kepadatan tulang diukur dengan Densitometer. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil : Sebanyak (28,4%) subjek mengalami osteopenia. Nilai z-score IMT (1,4%) subjek kategori sangat kurus, (13,5%) subjek kategori kurus, (6,8%) subjek kategori kelebihan berat badan, (2,7%) kategori kegemukan. Pengukuran persen lemak tubuh (28,4%) subjek tergolong underfat, (9,5%) subjek tergolong obesitas. Sebagian besar subjek kurang dalam melakukan olahraga yang meningkatkan kepadatan tulang, (16,2%) awal usia menstruasi tergolong tidak normal. Asupan kalsium tergolong kurang (93,2) dan (40,5%) asupan fosfor tergolong lebih. Sebanyak (28,4) subyek mempunyai kepadatan tulang yang rendah. Indeks massa tubuh yang berlebih berhubungan dengan menurunnya kepadatan tulang pada remaja putri(r=-0,231 p=0,047).Faktor lain seperti persen lemak tubuh(r=-0,124 p=0,293), kebiasaan olahraga(r=-0,124 p=0,293), usia awal menstruasi( r=-0,052 p=0,660), asupan kalsium (r=0,,089 p=0,452)dan fosfor(r=0,087 p=0.463) tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kepadatan tulang. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kepadatan tulang.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN NATA DE COCO TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL PADA WANITA HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Purwani Ni Putu Ratih , Mulyati Tatik 
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Konsumsi makanan tinggi serat dapat menurunkan risiko penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Nata de coco mengandung selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang berperan dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dalam darah. Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah true experimental dengan rancangan control group pre-test-post-test. Subyek adalah wanita hiperkolesterolemia dengan kadar kolesterol total ≥200 mg/dl, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok perlakuan 1 mendapat 160 g nata de coco/hari (serat 4.8 g) dan perlakuan 2 mendapat 320 g nata de coco/hari (serat 9.6 g). Intervensi dilakukan selama 14 hari. Metode CHOD-PAP digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar kolesterol total, darah diambil setelah subyek berpuasa selama 10 jam. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji paired-samples t test dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil : Konsumsi nata de coco dengan dosis 160 g/hari (serat 4.8 g) dan 320 g/hari (serat 9.6 g) dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total berturut-turut sebesar 5.17% (p=0.049) dan 6.59% (p=0.011), namun tidak ada perbedaan penurunan kadar kolesterol total antara kedua kelompok (p=0.857). Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol terjadi peningkatan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 1.7% (p=0.024). Kesimpulan : Konsumsi nata de coco berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total pada wanita hiperkolesterolemia, namun tidak ada perbedaan penurunan kadar kolesterol total antara kedua kelompok.
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 24 – 36 BULAN DI KECAMATAN SEMARANG TIMUR
Authors: Nasikhah Roudhotun , Margawati Ani 
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang : Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan linier yang ditunjukan dengan nilai z skore TB/U kurang dari -2 SD. Prevalensi stunting di Semarang mencapai 20,66% dengan kejadian tertinggi di Semarang Timur (40,16%) dan pada usia 24 – 36 bulan. Penelitian tentang faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita terkait dengan faktor sosial ekonomi, tinggi badan orang tua, risiko penyakit kehamilan dan riwayat infeksi sangat diperlukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko stunting pada balita usia 24 – 36 bulan. Metode : Penelitian observasional dengan desain case control pada balita usia 24 – 36 bulan yang berada di Semarang Timur. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 31 subyek pada setiap kelompok. Stunting diukur berdasarkan z-score tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) dianalisis dengan software World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro 2005. Data sosial ekonomi, riwayat penyakit kehamilan, riwayat diare akut dan riwayat infeksi pernafasan atas akut diukur menggunakan kuesioner dan buku KIA. Data berat badan lahir dikumpulkan berdasarkan KMS serta tinggi badan orang tua diukur dengan microtoise. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Fisher Exact dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini terdapat 34,45 % balita stunting dimana 64,5% berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24 – 36 bulan antara lain tinggi badan ibu < 150 cm (p=0,006;OR=10,3), tinggi badan ayah < 162 cm (p=0,013;OR=7,4), pendidikan ayah rendah (p=0,033;OR=5,6) dan pendapatan perkapita yang rendah (p=0,017;OR=7,2). Sedangkan berat badan lahir, riwayat penyakit kehamilan, riwayat diare akut , riwayat penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan atas akut, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan jumlah anggota dalam rumah tangga tidak terbukti sebagai faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita. Kesimpulan : Tinggi badan orang tua yang pendek, pendidikan ayah yang rendah dan pendapatan perkapita yang rendah merupakan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24 – 36 bulan.