bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of microstructural changes of the retina at different localization of the optic nerve head drusen
Authors: Ioyleva Elena , Kabanova Evgenya , Zinov’eva Aleksandra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeIdentification of microstructural changes of the retina at different localization of the optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).MethodsThe study included 108 patients (216 eyes) with bilateral ONHD in age from 18 to 60 years. The control group included 28 healthy individuals. All patients underwent standard ophthalmologic examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) on a Cirrus HD‐OCT 5000 instrument (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc).ResultsAccording to the OCT data, three types of localization of ONHD in relation to the Bruch’s membrane are identified: superficial (above the Bruch’s membrane), deep (below the Bruch’s membrane) and combined (superficial and deep). The combined location of the drusen is determined in 48.6% of cases, deep ‐ in 40.3%, superficial ‐ in 11.1%. Younger patients (35.52 ± 13.09 years) were more likely to have deep ONHD, in the middle age group (42.03 ± 13.2 years) ‐ combined ONHD, and in older age (51.67 ± 12.78 years) ‐ superficial ONHD. In superficial and combined ONHD a significant (p <0.05) decrease thickness of mGCIPL (GCL+IPL) in all sectors (superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, inferotemporal, superotemporal), minimal and average thickness of mGCIPL was diagnosed; a significant (p <0.05) decrease of average thickness of ILM‐RPE and the cubic volume of ILM‐RPE was determined. With deep ONHD, the changes of mGCIPL were less pronounced and statistically insignificant.ConclusionMinimal changes in the mGCIPL and ILM‐RPE at deep ONHD are characterized as the initial stage of the pathological process. With combined and superficial ONHD, there is a pronounced decrease thickness of the mGCIPL and neuroepithelium, which allows us to conclude that this localization of the drusen is associated with a progressive degenerative process.
Slow Mohs surgery for the treatment of periocular basal cell carcinomas, three and five year follow‐up
Authors: Thornton Richard , Makuloluwe Sarith , Rogers Simon , Maclean Hunter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy, disproportionately occurring in sun exposed areas, such as the eyelids. Whilst surgical excision is considered the most effective method for treating periocular BCCs, there is a paucity of evidence as to which surgical technique is the most appropriate. Mohs micrographic surgery is likely superior to traditional surgical excision in achieving clear excision margins and sparing tissues, but requires immediate access to histology. Slow Mohs surgery offers an alternative when immediate histology is unavailable, as tumour excision and reconstruction are performed in two separate procedures. In this retrospective case series is reported the 3 and 5 year outcomes following Slow Mohs surgery.Methods193 consecutive patients who had undergone Slow Mohs surgery, between January 2009 and December 2015 at a large district general hospital were identified retrospectively using electronic theatre records. Electronic lab reports and patient records were then utilised and the data analysed using EXCEL and SPSS.Results160 patients had a diagnosis of BCC or basosquamous carcinoma. Following exclusions, 141 survived to be included in the 3 year recurrence cohort. Of these, 2.83% had recurred at 3 years. A smaller group of 72 patients survived and had follow‐up lasting 5 years, within this group there was a recurrence rate of 4.16%.ConclusionSlow Mohs potentially achieves recurrence rates comparable to Mohs micrographic surgery, offering an alternative should immediate histological examination not be available. There currently exists little evidence comparing the techniques prospectively, nor is there cost comparison between them.
Electrophysiological methods‐ exact diagnostics in ophthalmology
Authors: Stetinova Tamara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGoalAfter short theoretical introduction, explaining the basic principles of electrophysiological investigation, the authors show a few case reports. They analyze the results of investigation in the group of patients, who suffer from various eye diseases.They compare the various subjective and objective symptoms, that should either correlate to electrophysiological exam, or not.The authors ask in their subject, if the diagnostics of eye disease could be better and sooner using the electrophysiological tests, while they are able to test the visual pathway.Material and methodsFive members of the same family were examined in electrophysiological laboratory. They had passed the examination, both standard methods, such as full field ERG, PVEP and FVEP and special multifocal ERG. The basic investigation, such as visual acuity, panfundoscopy, fluorescein angiography was done previously.One member of the family had noted some subjective disorders, such as low vision, visual field defects, colour vision disorders. Others were relatively asymptomatic.The results were summarised.ResultsIn all members, completely, were detected various forms of ocular pathology, from retinal and optic nerve damage to the brain disorder, though they were relatively asymptomatic. The first symptoms of hereditary disease were present.In patients we have detected some forms of ocular pathology, from peripheral retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, choroidal pathology to the optic neuropathy.In some probands hereditary dystrophies were validated.The explicit concordance between subjective and objective symptoms and ERG results is not a rule.ConclusionWe are sure, that electrophysiological investigation methods could represent the base of exact diagnostics. When we should find the subject, that suffers from hereditary eye disease, the active seeking in complete family is very important and necesary. In many cases and forms of ocular pathology, some causal treatment, such as intravitreal therapy, does exist
Non‐arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to hypovolemia
Authors: Bontzos Georgios , Gkoumas Evangelos , Xirou Tina , Chatzispasou Efterpi , Kabanarou Stamatina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo present a case of non‐arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to hypovolemia.MethodsA 54 year‐old male was referred to the ophthalmology department with a history of blurred vision in his right eye following acute bleeding due to duodenal ulcer 5 days ago. Complete ophthalmological examination was performed, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT‐angiography (OCT‐A).ResultsHis BCVA was 3/10 in his right and 2/10 in his left eye (history of amblyopia since childhood). Fundus examination of his right eye revealed optic disc edema and peripapillary flame‐shaped hemorrhages with cotton wool spots nasally to the fovea. There were only a few flame‐shaped hemorrhages at the peripapillary area in his left eye. OCT imaging of his right eye revealed an area of increased reflectivity mainly at the inner retinal layers associated with small increase in retinal thickness nasally to the fovea. A month later OCT documented reduced retinal thickness at the aforementioned area, where in OCT‐A there was capillary drop out, mainly at the deep capillary plexus, with decreased vascular density. Visual fields revealed generalized depression in OD with minimal findings in OS. Based on the above, the diagnosis of non‐arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy following acute blood loss was set. The patient received blood transfusion immediately after his hospital admission. Although his general symptoms improved shortly after treatment there was only a partial visual recovery as decreased vascular perfusion was persisting four months later. Long‐term anticoagulation therapy was also given to the patient.ConclusionsPatients reporting blurred vision after acute massive bleeding that could lead to hypovolemia should be investigated for ischemic optic neuropathy. OCT‐A helps monitoring vessel abnormalities in areas of compromised blood perfusion and may explain poor visual outcomes in such cases.
Basal neuro‐immune interactions between resident dentritic cells and corneal sensory nerves
Authors: Rincon‐Frutos Laura , Luna Carolina , Acosta M.Carmen , Belmonte Carlos , Hamrah Pedram , Seyed‐Razavi Yashar , Gallar Juana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the influence of dendritic cells (DCs) in modulating corneal sensory nerve activity at basal conditions using a DC‐depletion mice model.MethodsC57BL/6 CD11c‐DTR mice (5‐6 month old) of both sexes were used. The effect of short‐term (2 days) and long‐term (8 days) DC depletion on corneal sensory nerve activity was studied in eyes following bilateral temporal and nasal subconjunctival injections of diphtheria toxin (DT) in anesthetized animals. Nerve terminal impulse (NTI) activity of corneal cold thermoreceptor endings was recorded in excised eyes continuously superfused with saline solution at 34ºC. Background and stimulus‐evoked (cooling and heating ramps) activity was studied. Naïve (no DT injections) CD11c‐DTR mice served as controls.ResultsShort‐term DC depletion produced a significant decrease in heating threshold (37.65±0.66 ºC, n=10; p=0.003, ANOVA) compared with naïve (41.57±1.77 ºC, n=4) and long‐term DC depletion conditions (42.27±0.97 ºC, n=8). However, long‐term DC depletion seemed to desensitize cold responses of sensory nerve endings, with higher cooling threshold and temperature to reach the peak frequency during the cooling ramp (30.65±0.48 ºC, n=17 vs. naïve, 32.31±0.29 ºC, n=20 and short‐term DC depletion, 32.2±0.44 ºC, n=17; p=0.005, ANOVA). Besides, in long‐term DC depleted eyes, NTI shape was altered: duration of NTIs was significantly increased (1.9± 0.06 ms, n=16; p=0.009, ANOVA) compared with naïve (1.5± 0.1 ms, n=18) and short‐term DC depleted eyes (1.7± 0.1 ms, n=11), having both longer depolarization and repolarization times.ConclusionsThe differences observed in both NTI firing and spike shape of cold nerve endings, suggest that depletion of resident DC alters corneal sensory nerve activity, therefore supporting the idea of a neuro‐immune interaction at basal conditions.(Support: SAF2017‐83674‐C2‐2‐R and ‐1‐R, AEI, Spain, and ERDF, EU; ACIF/2017/169 Fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana‐FSE to LR‐F)
Vasoproliferative retinal tumors in children and adults
Authors: Hadjistilianou Doris , De Francesco Sonia , Menicacci Cristina , Barchitta Matteo , Esposti Giulia , Serov Yuri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeVasoproliferative tumors of the retina (VPTR) are benign lesions of unknown origin that may occur isolated (primary) or in association with other ocular conditions (secondary). They may be unilateral or bilateral and have a predilection for the peripheral inferior temporal quadrant of the retina. Retinal vasoproliferative tumors may be present at any age, although the majority are present in the third and fourth decades of life.MethodsThe authors report a personal series of cases in young children and adults either idiopathic or secondary to a pre‐existing ocular disease (retinitis pigmentosa and Nf1).ResultsClinical findings, imaging, therapeutic options and outcome are reported.ConclusionsRetinal vasoproliferative tumors may be idiopathic (74%) or secondary to a pre‐existing ocular diseases (26%). The fundus quadrant location in these tumors is curiously weighted toward the inferotemporal region. Despite this, these tumors may effect the visual activity because of the associated retinovitreal findings, such as subretinal and/or intraretinal exudation, subretinal fluid, vitreous hemorrhage, preretinal macular fibrosis and macular edema.
Comparison of peak times of photopic flicker electroretinogram responses recorded using conventional and portable systems in Birdshot chorioretinopathy
Authors: Pekacka Aleksandra , Hobby Angharad , Chow Isabelle , Indusegaran Mathura , Hammond Christopher , Stanford Miles , Mahroo Omar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeAssessing disease activity in Birdshot uveitis can be challenging. The peak time of the 30 Hz flicker photopic electroretinogram (ERG) was shown to be sensitive for detecting retinal dysfunction. ERG testing is not readily available in many eye units. We investigated use of a portable device to obtain recordings in the clinic setting and compared these with conventional recordings.MethodsPatients underwent testing with the portable device (RETeval, LKC Technologies) and conventional equipment (Espion ColorDome, Diagnosys). For portable recordings pupils were undilated and skin electrodes used; for conventional recordings a conductive fibre electrode was used with mydriasis. Flicker ERG peak times were recorded and were deemed abnormal if they exceeded the 95th centile from a healthy cohort (>190 healthy volunteers).Results18 patients with Birdshot uveitis underwent recordings. Recordings with the portable device took c. 3 min and were well‐tolerated. Mean (SD) age was 56.3 (12.8) years. For portable recordings, mean (SD) peak times were 30.1 (3.7) and 30.2 (3.9) ms for right and left eyes respectively. For conventional recordings mean (SD) peak times were 31.4 (3.9) and 31.8 (4.0) ms respectively. Peak times were significantly shorter with the portable device (p = 0.026 and 0.002 for right and left eyes). Correlation between devices was high (0.83 and 0.89 for right and left eyes) and highly significant (p < 0.0001). Strength of agreement between the two methods was good (kappa statistic 0.64; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.92).ConclusionsCorrelation between the portable and conventional ERG recordings was high with a good level of agreement. Recordings were rapid and well‐tolerated. There were significant differences in peak times between the two methods highlighting the importance of normative data specific to each device.
Curry to treat Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Shamsher Ehtesham , Guo Li , Davis Benjamin M. , Luong Vy , Ravindran Nivedita , Somavarapu Satyanarayana , Cordeiro M. Francesca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the world with increasing evidence of the retina being affected. Since no cure exists, the development of new treatments is an urgent unmet need. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol found in curry, has been advocated as a potential neuroprotectant in AD. However, its poor solubility in water and low bioavailability, have limited its clinical translation. In this study we describe a novel curcumin nanoparticle (CN) formulation and evaluate its neuroprotective efficacy in vitro and in vivo.MethodsCNs were formulated using a thin film rehydration technique. R28 cells were used to assess CN neuroprotective activity. For in vivo studies 10‐month‐old 3xTg‐AD mice were treated intranasally 5 days/week with 3 μl of either CNs (n = 7) or vehicle (n = 6). After three months of treatment, animals had DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) imaging and their brains (amyloid‐beta) were immunostained. All results are given with the standard error and the statistical test used is a student T‐test.ResultsCN formulation incorporating over 4 mg/ml of curcumin was stable over 90 days. CNs protected R28 cells against a) glutamate excitotoxicity with an IC50 of 22.36 ± 0.50 mm versus 4.54 ± 0.32 mm for control group (p < 0.0001) and b) hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride with an IC50 of 427.9±37.62 μm versus 259.4 ± 15.34 μm for control group (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were seen in vivo either systemically or in the eye. 3xTg‐AD mice receiving CNs were found to have a significant reduction in the DARC count (p < 0.05) compared to vehicle controls (17.36 ± 3.34 versus 49.08 ± 13.28). Their brains had a reduction in Aβ deposition score compared to vehicle controls (3.61 ± 0.17 versus 4.47 ± 0.23, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese promising results suggest that systemic CN has a potential therapeutic effect in AD, and that the effects of AD therapy can be assessed through the eye.
RESVEGA in exudative age–related macular degeneration ‐ the next well‐documented clinical case
Authors: Kubicz Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis clinical case aims to present the improvement of retinal structure and stabilisation of visual acuity using RESVEGA (trans‐resveratrol and omega‐3 fatty acids i.a.) in a patient with exudative AMD.MethodsA 62‐year‐old patient reported to the Ophthalmology Clinic because of sight deterioration in the left eye. The patient was not treated for eye diseases before and not treated for systemic diseases. Anterior segments of the left and the right eye without changes. Fundus oculi: in the right eye – drusen at the macula; in the left eye: elevation in the fovea, drusen. Otherwise fundus oculi unremarkable. Additional diagnostic tests (OCT, angiography) were recommended. The presence of subretinal fluid was confirmed in the left eye. The patient did not agree to intravitreal injections of anti – VEGF. Supplementation with Resvega (trans‐resveratrol and omega‐3 fatty acids; a single dose of 2 capsules per day taken with a meal) was recommended.ResultsA regression of the subretinal fluid was obtained after administration of Resvega, although anti‐VEGF treatment was not administered. The changes were documented in OCT and AF. Oral supplementation allowed to improve and then maintain the local condition and visual acuity for nearly four years.ConclusionThe presented case is another well‐documented case of subretinal fluid regression in exudative AMD after Resvega supplementation. The author presented a similar case during the EVER convention in 2016 (patient with AMD, 9‐month observation). In the present case, the improvement and more than three years of ophthalmic stabilisation have been documented. The presented case shows that it is worth considering supplementation with Resvega (2 tablets per day in a single dose) in case of patients with exudative AMD.The effect of resveratrol and Omega 3 acids on exudative AMD requires further research.
Clinical spectrum of atypical ocular toxoplasma chorioretinitis
Authors: Carreño Ester , Burke Tomas , Amir Zain , Hickman Casey Thomas , Lee Richard , Dick Andrew , Ross Adam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe the clinical spectrum of patients with atypical ocular toxoplasmosis, requiring confirmatory diagnosis with PCR (due to uncommon clinical presentation or non‐response to conventional treatment).MethodsAll cases with confirmed positive PCR for Toxoplasma gondii seen in the Bristol Eye Hospital over the last 5 years were retrospectively reviewed for patient demographic, known systemic immunosuppression, clinical presentation, response to treatment and recurrences/complications.ResultsA total number of 16 patients were included. Five of which were immunocompromised. Bilateral disease was seen in three cases (18.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 64.9, with 37.5% female and 62.5% male patients. 10 out of the 19 affected eyes (52.6%) had multifocal lesions with 9 eyes (47.4%) having an isolated lesion. Eleven patients (one bilateral) had fluorescein angiography during their follow‐up, which confirmed the presence of vasculitis in nine of those eyes (75%) with five of these having occlusive vasculitis (41.7%). Of the twelve patients treated with azithromycin as first line, only 4 (25%) showed a response to treatment.ConclusionsPCR is warranted to identify cases of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis. These atypical forms were also seen in immunocompetent patients. Although azithromycin has been proved to be an alternative therapy in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis, we identified a lack of response to azithromycin in 75% of patients in our series of patients with atypical ocular toxoplasmosis.
Short and long term results of the first xen45 implanted in our service
Authors: Antonio Miralles de Imperial‐Ollero Juan , Caravaca‐Alegría Almudena , María Caracena‐Ordóñez José , Javier García‐Medina José , Paz Villegas‐Pérez María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the surgical experience and the short and long‐term safety and efficacy of the first XEN45 implanted in our Service.Material and MethodsWe included the first 9 eyes of seven patients that received a XEN45 implant in our Service by two different surgeons. All the patients were diagnosed with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) that was uncontrolled with medical treatment and were pseudophakics. Three had before a superior trabeculectomy. We evaluated pre and post‐surgery: intraocular pressure (IOP), number of ocular hypotensive drugs needed, visual acuity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. We reviewed also the difficulties and complications events encountered during surgery and the implant position and bleb characteristics (IBAGS) 1,7 and 15 days, 1,3,6, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsMean IOP before surgery was 22.33 ± 6.20 mm Hg and the mean number of ocular hypotensive medications 3.11 ± 0.93. One, 7, 15, days and 1,3,6 and 12 months after surgery, the mean IOP were, respectively 10.55 (n = 9), 13.44 (n = 9), 16.14 (n = 7), 16.20 (n = 5), 15.75 (n = 8), 19.57 (n = 9) and 14.33 (n = 5). One year after surgery, the mean number of ocular hypotensive medications was 1.33 (n = 5) There were only four intraoperative complications: two eyes had a small bleeding at the iridocorneal angle, in one eye the segment of the implant in the anterior chamber was too long and was cut in the moment of the surgery and in one eye the subconjunctival end of the bleb was bent and not functional and therefore was accessed externally three weeks later. No postoperative complications were observed and no further glaucoma surgeries were required during follow‐up.ConclusionThe first XEN45 devices implanted in our Service have shown a good safety and efficacy for the treatment of pseudophakic POAG, with very few intraoperative and no postoperative complications.
Intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for acute ROP: our management of ten eyes
Authors: Barillà Donatella , Guagliano Rosanna , Bertone Chiara , Montescani Silvia , Arpa Cristina , Quaranta Luciano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo report our experience in the management of ten eyes with acute Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) after intravitreal (i.v.) Anti‐vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti‐VEGF) treatment.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 122 infants screened for ROP over a two year period. Among the 122 premature infants, five (ten eyes), affected by zone 1‐2 type 1 ROP stage II‐III, were selected and treated with an intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab (0.25 mg/0.025 ml). The mean gestational age of the infants was 25 weeks and the mean birth weight 616 g. The treatment was performed at approximately 35 weeks post menstrual age (PMA). At each follow‐up visit, we performed fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy and RetCam III. Fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography (FA) were taken using RetCam III, pre‐treatment and 1 month after treatment. FA was repeated if necessary.ResultsTwo months after treatment, FA showed a reactivation of ROP in four eyes in which we had performed laser photocoagulation. In two eyes FA follow up showed zone 2 angiographic abnormalities that were also laser treated. In the other four eyes vascularisation showed improvement even if the extreme peripheral retina was not fully vascularised, in these cases we decided just to observe. After a follow up of at least six months, the final retinal outcome was assessed. In the six laser treated eyes, laser scars were evident, without any sign of disease reactivation. In the four eyes which were only treated by i.v., we observed the permanence of an avascular zone in the extreme periphery without signs of disease activity.ConclusionsWe experienced that anti‐VEGF treatment allows retinal vascularisation to further progress towards the peripheral retina, so that less laser treatment in the case of ROP progression or reoccurrence is needed. Anti‐VEGF is effective therapy to reach anatomical and functional outcomes, in zone 1‐2 type 1 ROP cases.