bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and psychological state in acute coronary syndrome patients: A prospective descriptive study at cardiac rehabilitation entry, completion and follow-up
Authors: Gallagher Robyn , Woolaston Anna , Tofler Geoffrey , Bauman Adrian , Zhao Emma , Jeon Yun-Hee , Neubeck Lis , Mitchell Julie-Anne , Naismith Sharon L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment may limit the uptake of secondary prevention in acute coronary syndrome patients, but is poorly understood, including in cardiac rehabilitation participants.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore cognitive impairment in relation to psychological state in acute coronary syndrome patients over the course of cardiac rehabilitation and follow-up.

Methods
Acute coronary syndrome patients without diagnosed dementia were assessed on verbal learning, processing speed, executive function and visual attention, at cardiac rehabilitation entry, completion and follow-up and scores adjusted using normative data. The hospital anxiety and depression scale measured psychological state.

Results
Participants (n = 40) had an average age of 66.2 (±8.22) years and were 70% men. Mild cognitive impairment occurred at cardiac rehabilitation entry in single 62.5% and multiple 22.5% domains but was significantly less prevalent by cardiac rehabilitation completion (52.5% and 15.0%) and follow-up (32.5% and 7.0%). Domains most often impaired were verbal learning (52.5%) and processing speed (25.6%), again decreasing significantly with time (verbal learning cardiac rehabilitation completion 42.5%, follow-up 22.5%; processing speed cardiac rehabilitation completion 15.0%, follow-up 15.0%). A small group of patients had persistent multiple domain cognitive impairment. At cardiac rehabilitation entry patients with cognitive impairment in processing speed, a single domain or multiple domains had more depression, and patients with cognitive impairment in executive function had more depression and anxiety.

Conclusions
At cardiac rehabilitation entry, mild cognitive impairment is very common in post-acute coronary syndrome patients and worse in patients who have depression or anxiety symptoms. Cognitive impairment decreases significantly by cardiac rehabilitation follow-up. A small proportion of patients has persistent, multiple domain cognitive impairment flagging potential long-term changes and the need for further investigations and cognitive rehabilitation.
Functional outcome following arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears is equal to smaller rotator cuff tears: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Leow Jun M , Krahelski Oliver , Keenan Oisin JF , Clement Nicholas D , McBirnie Julie M 
Published: June 2020

Background There is a paucity of studies comparing patient-reported outcomes of arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repairs against non-massive rotator cuff repairs. The aim of this study is to assess the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Oxford Shoulder Score at a minimum of one-year follow-up according to the size of the rotator cuff tear. Methods A retrospective case–control study was undertaken. All patients underwent rotator cuff repairs using the same technique by a single surgeon. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Oxford Shoulder Score were collected pre-operatively and at final review with a minimum follow-up of one year. Patients with massive rotator cuff repairs were compared to patients who had non-massive rotator cuff repairs. Results Eighty-two patients were included in the study of which 42 (51%) underwent massive rotator cuff repair. The mean follow-up period was 17.5 months. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 46.1 pre-operatively to 15.6 at final follow-up for massive rotator cuff repairs. Oxford Shoulder Score improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 26.9 pre-operatively to 41.4 at final follow-up for massive rotator cuff repairs. There was no significant difference in the final Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (p = 0.35) or Oxford Shoulder Score (p = 0.45) between the groups. No revision surgery was required within the follow-up period. Conclusion Arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repairs have comparable functional outcome to smaller rotator cuff repair in the short-term and should be considered in a selected group of patients.
Factors associated with sepsis risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a nationwide study
Authors: Chao Wen-Cheng , Wang Chen-Yu , Hsu Bo-Chueh , Lin Ching-Heng , Huang Wen-Nan , Chen Yi-Hsing , Wu Chieh-Liang , Chen Hsin-Hua 
Published: June 2020

Background: Risk factors for sepsis have not been assessed in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) who are vulnerable to serious/hospitalized infections. Methods: Data from 2003–2017 were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients receiving TNFi, including etanercept, adalimumab, and golimumab, for IMIDs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate risk factors for sepsis, we used the Sepsis-3 definition and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis. Results: There were 17,764 patients (mean age 49.3 ± 14.3 years; females, 57.6%) receiving TNFi for IMIDs, including RA (58.6%), AS (19.1%), PsO (15.1%), PsA (2.5%), CD (3.0%), and UC (1.7%). The overall incidence rate of sepsis was 1088 per 100,000 person-years. After adjustment for potential confounders, recent sepsis within 3 months before TNFi initiation (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.73–3.20), CD (HR, 3.36; 95% CI 2.11–5.34; reference group: AS) and glucocorticoid use (prednisolone-equivalent dose, mg/day HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05–1.06) were associated with the risk of sepsis. Intriguingly, golimumab users appeared to have a lower risk of sepsis compared with etanercept users (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.83). In addition, socioeconomic status, including urbanization level and insured amount, was associated with sepsis in a dose-response manner. Conclusions: Recent sepsis, CD, concomitant glucocorticoid use, and low socioeconomic status, which were associated with an increased risk of sepsis, are crucial for individualized risk management plans.
Do Older Skiers Have Worse Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Non-Skiers or Younger Skiers?
Authors: Schumacher Alexandra N. , Houck Darby A. , Vidal Armando F. , Wolcott Michelle L. , McCarty Eric C. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Frank Rachel M. 
Published: June 2020

Background: There remains a paucity of literature comparing clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between skiers and non-skiers, particularly in older patient populations. Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes after ACLR between skiers and non-skiers, with a subanalysis based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A nested cohort of 128 patients from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network cohort who underwent primary ACLR completed a series of patient-reported outcomes pre- and postoperatively at 2 and 6 years including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Data including patient sex, age at surgery, graft type, and sport participation were analyzed. Patients were stratified by participation in skiing (skiers vs non-skiers) and by age subgroup (≤29, 30-39, and ≥40 years). Student t tests and analysis of variance were used to compare mean improvement between pre- and postoperative outcomes. Results: A total of 44 skiers (female, 59.1%; age, 35.3 ± 11.6 years) and 84 non-skiers (female, 34.5%; age, 27.7 ± 11.3 years) were included. ACLR was performed using allograft in 36.7% (22 skiers, 25 non-skiers), autograft in 58.6% (19 skiers, 56 non-skiers), or hybrid autograft-allograft in 4.7% (3 skiers, 3 non-skiers). Although both non-skiers and skiers demonstrated improvements in outcomes from baseline to 2 and 6 years, non-skiers demonstrated significantly less overall improvement from 2 to 6 years postoperatively in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .01), KOOS Pain ( P = .002), and KOOS Activities of Daily Living ( P = .03) subscales compared with skiers. There were 15 skiers who were 29 years or younger (34.1%), 14 skiers between 30 and 39 years (31.8%), and 15 skiers 40 years or older (34.1%). Skiers 40 years and older demonstrated significantly greater mean improvement in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .02) and KOOS Quality of Life (QoL) ( P = .01) subscales at 2 years and KOOS QoL ( P = .01) at 6 years postoperatively compared with skiers 29 years or younger. Conclusion: Compared with non-skiers, skiers demonstrated significantly greater mean improvements in KOOS scores between 2 and 6 years after ACLR. In addition, skiers 40 years or older showed greater improvement in KOOS QoL compared with younger skiers. This information can be used to counsel skiers, especially those older than 40 years, as to their expected outcomes after ACLR.
Use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) for Operative Shoulder Outcomes
Authors: Schwarz Ilona , Smith John-Rudolph H. , Houck Darby A. , Frank Rachel M. , Bravman Jonathan T. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Few studies have investigated the relationship between the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and legacy patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements. Purpose: To compare patient-reported outcomes from the PROMIS physical function (PF) and upper extremity (UE) platforms against one another and against legacy PRO measurements to assess the potential strengths and weaknesses of the National Institutes of Health PROMIS initiative and expand on the use of PRO measurements in clinical orthopaedic practice. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All English-language studies published between 2017 and 2019 using PROMIS to evaluate patients for shoulder surgery were analyzed. PROs were compared based on survey administered and the shoulder condition being investigated. Study quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score. Results: We included 9 studies (5 studies were level 2; 3 studies were level 3; 1 study was level 4) encompassing a total of 1130 patients (60.2% male; mean age, 52.6 ± 16.5 years; mean BMI, 29.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Of these, 6 studies administered the PROMIS PF, and 6 studies administered the PROMIS UE. The strongest correlation was between PROMIS PF computer adaptive test and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Global Health (SF-36 GH) ( r = 0.75). The highest overall correlation with the PROMIS UE was found with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score ( r = 0.70). The lowest correlations were found between PROMIS PF and the Marx Shoulder Activity Scale ( r = 0.08) and the PROMIS UE and the Marx Shoulder Activity Scale ( r = 0.18). Conclusion: From available data, the PROMIS PF and PROMIS UE were most closely correlated with outcomes measured by the SF-36 GH. The PROMIS UE alone was most correlated with ASES Shoulder Score. Thus, either PROMIS PF or UE may provide a possible alternative to legacy PRO measurements but with a lower overall number of questions and higher generalizability. Future research should compare the time and question burden of the various PROMIS platforms with a more consistent evaluation of standard PRO measurements.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Children Exposed to Nonpharmacologically Treated Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: Results From 2 Independent Cohorts
Authors: Stonawski Valeska , Roetner Jakob , Goecke Tamme W , Fasching Peter A , Beckmann Matthias W , Kornhuber Johannes , Kratz Oliver , Moll Gunther H , Eichler Anna , Heinrich Hartmut , Frey Stefan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Maternal depressive symptoms are a common phenomenon during pregnancy and are related to negative outcomes for child development and health. Modifications in child DNA methylation are discussed as an underlying mechanism for the association between prenatal depressive symptoms and alterations in child outcomes. However, formerly reported genome-wide associations have yet to be replicated. Methods: In an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), alterations of DNA methylation related to maternal prenatal depressive symptoms were investigated in buccal cell samples from 174 children (n = 52 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 6-9 years old) of the German longitudinal study FRAMES-FRANCES. Whole blood samples from the independent, age-comparable ARIES subsample of the ARIES/ALSPAC study (n = 641; n = 159 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 7-8 years old) were examined as a confirmation sample. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. DNA methylation was analyzed with the Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. Modifications in single CpGs, regions, and biological pathways were investigated. Results were adjusted for age and birth outcomes as well as postnatal and current maternal depressive symptoms. Analyses were performed for the whole sample as well as separated for sex. Results: The EWAS yielded no differentially methylated CpG or region as well as no accordance between samples withstanding correction for multiple testing. In pathway analyses, no overlapping functional domain was found to be enriched for either sample. A comparison of current and former findings suggests some overlapping methylation modifications from infancy to childhood. Results suggest that there might be sex-specific differential methylation, which should be further investigated in additional studies. Conclusions: The current, mainly nonsignificant, results challenge the assumption of consistent modifications of DNA methylation in children exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms. Despite the relatively small sample size used in this study, this lack of significant results may reflect diverse issues of environmental epigenetic studies, which need to be addressed in future research.
Trace-element remobilisation from W–Sn–U–Pb zoned hematite: Nanoscale insights into a mineral geochronometer behaviour during interaction with fluids
Authors: Verdugo-Ihl Max R. , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Cook Nigel J. , Ehrig Kathy , Slattery Ashley , Courtney-Davies Liam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreferential removal of W relative to other trace elements from zoned, W–Sn–U–Pb-bearing hematite coupled with disturbance of U–Pb isotope systematics is attributed to pseudomorphic replacement via coupled dissolution reprecipitation reaction (CDRR). This hematite has been studied down to the nanoscale to understand the mechanisms leading to compositional and U/Pb isotope heterogeneity at the grain scale. High-Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF STEM) imaging of foils extracted in situ from three locations across the W-rich to W-depleted domains show lattice-scale defects and crystal structure modifications adjacent to twin planes. Secondary sets of twins and associated splays are common, but wider (up to ~100 nm) inclusion trails occur only at the boundary between the W-rich and W-depleted domains. STEM energy-dispersive X-ray mapping reveals W- and Pb-enrichment along 2–3 nm-wide features defining the twin planes; W-bearing nanoparticles occur along the splays. Tungsten and Pb are both present, albeit at low concentrations, within Na–K–Cl-bearing inclusions along the trails. HAADF STEM imaging of hematite reveals modifications relative to ideal crystal structure. A two-fold hematite superstructure (a = b = c = 10.85 Å; α = β = γ = 55.28°) involving oxygen vacancies was constructed and assessed by STEM simulations with a good match to data. This model can account for significant W release during interaction with fluids percolating through twin planes and secondary structures as CDRR progresses from the zoned domain, otherwise apparently undisturbed at the micrometre scale. Lead remobilisation is confirmed here at the nanoscale and is responsible for a disturbance of U/Pb ratios in hematite affected by CDRR. Twin planes can provide pathways for fluid percolation and metal entrapment during post-crystallisation overprinting. The presence of complex twinning can therefore predict potential disturbances of isotope systems in hematite that will affect its performance as a robust geochronometer.
European headache federation consensus on the definition of resistant and refractory migraine
Authors: Sacco Simona , Braschinsky Mark , Ducros Anne , Lampl Christian , Little Patrick , van den Brink Antoinette Maassen , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Reuter Uwe , de la Torre Elena Ruiz , Sanchez Del Rio Margarita , Sinclair Alexandra J. , Katsarava Zaza , Martelletti Paolo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite advances in the management of headache disorders, some patients with migraine do not experience adequate pain relief with acute and preventive treatments. It is the aim of the present document to provide a definition of those migraines which are difficult-to-treat, to create awareness of existence of this group of patients, to help Healthcare Authorities in understanding the implications, and to create a basis to develop a better pathophysiological understanding and to support further therapeutic advances.Main bodyDefinitions were established with a consensus process using the Delphi method.Patients with migraine with or without aura or with chronic migraine can be defined as havingresistant migraineandrefractory migraineaccording to previous preventative failures.Resistant migraineis defined by having failed at least 3 classes of migraine preventatives and suffer from at least 8 debilitating headache days per month for at least 3 consecutive months without improvement; definition can be based on review of medical charts.Refractory migraineis defined by having failed all of the available preventatives and suffer from at least 8 debilitating headache days per month for at least 6 consecutive months. Drug failure may include lack of efficacy or lack of tolerability. Debilitating headache is defined as headache causing serious impairment to conduct activities of daily living despite the use of pain-relief drugs with established efficacy at the recommended dose and taken early during the attack; failure of at least two different triptans is required.ConclusionsWe hope, that the updated EHF definition will be able to solve the conflicts that have limited the use of definitions which have been put forward in the past. Only with a widely accepted definition, progresses in difficult-to-treat migraine can be achieved. This new definition has also the aim to increase the understanding of the impact of the migraine as a disease with all of its social, legal and healthcare implications. It is the hope of the EHF Expert Consensus Group that the proposed criteria will stimulate further clinical, scientific and social attention to patients who suffer from migraine which is difficult-to-treat.
Safety of pharmacologic interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Watt Jennifer A. , Goodarzi Zahra , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Nincic Vera , Khan Paul A. , Ghassemi Marco , Thompson Yuan , Lai Yonda , Treister Victoria , Tricco Andrea C. , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Prescribing trends suggest that pharmacologic alternatives to antipsychotics are gaining in popularity, but randomized trial (RCT) data of their comparative safety is scarce. Our objective was to describe the comparative safety of pharmacologic interventions for treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, from inception to May 28, 2019, for studies of pharmacologic interventions used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Dementia care partners selected fracture risk as our primary outcome. Pairs of reviewers, working independently, conducted all study screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias appraisal. We conducted Bayesian random-effects network meta-analyses (NMAs) using data from RCTs to derive odds ratios (ORs). In secondary analyses, we conducted frequentist random-effects NMAs using data from RCTs and Bayesian three-level hierarchical random-effects NMAs incorporating data from RCTs and non-randomized studies.

Results
Our systematic review included 209 randomized and non-randomized studies (889,378 persons with dementia). In NMAs of data from randomized trials, there were no increased odds of fracture associated with any intervention in primary analyses; however, data were sparse. We found increased odds of cerebrovascular events associated with antipsychotics (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% credible interval [CrI] 1.29 to 3.62; number needed to harm [NNH] = 99) and increased odds of falls associated with dextromethorphan-quinidine (OR 4.16, 95% CrI 1.47 to 14.22; NNH = 55) compared to placebo in persons with dementia. In a subgroup of persons with Alzheimer disease, antipsychotics were associated with increased odds of fracture compared to anticonvulsants (OR 54.1, 95% CrI 1.15 to 38,300; NNH = 18). In older persons (mean age ≥ 80 years) with dementia, anticonvulsants were associated with increased odds of death compared to placebo (OR 8.36, 95% CrI 1.17 to 203.4; NNH = 35) and antipsychotics were associated with increased odds of death compared to antidepressants (OR 5.28, 95% CrI 1.06 to 3.51; NNH = 47).

Conclusion
Although antipsychotics were associated with greater harm than antidepressants and anticonvulsants in subgroups of persons with dementia, medications used in lieu of antipsychotics for treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, such as anticonvulsants and dextromethorphan-quinidine, were also associated with harm. Decision-making concerning treatments prescribed in lieu of antipsychotics should include potential harms.

PROSPERO registration
CRD42017050130.