bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct roles of structure-specific endonucleases EEPD1 and Metnase in replication stress responses
Authors: Sharma Neelam , Speed Michael C , Allen Christopher P , Maranon David G , Williamson Elizabeth , Singh Sudha , Hromas Robert , Nickoloff Jac A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Accurate DNA replication and segregation are critical for maintaining genome integrity and suppressing cancer. Metnase and EEPD1 are DNA damage response (DDR) proteins frequently dysregulated in cancer and implicated in cancer etiology and tumor response to genotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy. Here, we examine the DDR in human cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Metnase or EEPD1. The knockout cell lines exhibit slightly slower growth rates, significant hypersensitivity to replication stress, increased genome instability and distinct alterations in DDR signaling. Metnase and EEPD1 are structure-specific nucleases. EEPD1 is recruited to and cleaves stalled forks to initiate fork restart by homologous recombination. Here, we demonstrate that Metnase is also recruited to stalled forks where it appears to dimethylate histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me2), raising the possibility that H3K36me2 promotes DDR factor recruitment or limits nucleosome eviction to protect forks from nucleolytic attack. We show that stalled forks are cleaved normally in the absence of Metnase, an important and novel result because a prior study indicated that Metnase nuclease is important for timely fork restart. A double knockout was as sensitive to etoposide as either single knockout, suggesting a degree of epistasis between Metnase and EEPD1. We propose that EEPD1 initiates fork restart by cleaving stalled forks, and that Metnase may promote fork restart by processing homologous recombination intermediates and/or inducing H3K36me2 to recruit DDR factors. By accelerating fork restart, Metnase and EEPD1 reduce the chance that stalled replication forks will adopt toxic or genome-destabilizing structures, preventing genome instability and cancer. Metnase and EEPD1 are overexpressed in some cancers and thus may also promote resistance to genotoxic therapeutics.
Challenges Facing Immigrant Students
Authors: Shaw Matthew Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Because of the U.S. Supreme Court case, Plyler v. Doe, most immigrant students have a right to the same free, public K–12 education as their U.S. citizen peers, regardless of their residency status. Immigrant students are also covered by the same privacy laws that shield citizen students from unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. In theory, these laws should work together to shield immigrant students from governmental and nongovernmental agents who might act adversely against these students and their families. Despite these apparent protections, immigrant students face special challenges that complicate their pursuit of guaranteed primary and secondary education. Most of these challenges are linked to limits within the logic of Plyler as it relates to federal immigration law. This chapter discusses how conflicts between these laws and their enforcement both define immigrant status and utilize it as a means to facilitate and frustrate access to educational opportunity. Any plausible efforts to minimize these challenges must negotiate this conflict with an eye toward improving immigrants’ access to education and collateral services.
Good-Looking Men Require Hard-Working Women: The Labor of Consumption in the Grooming Industry
Authors: Barber Kristen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers the cultural and organizational expenditure of women’s labor that masculinizes beauty products, services, spaces, and experiences. Drawing from 9 months of ethnographic observations at two high-service men’s salons—Adonis and The Executive—and fifty interviews with the salons’ employees and clients, the author shows how women bear the burden of making beauty a socially enhancing practice for heterosexual men. Men sitting at the nexus of race, class, and sexual privilege are remade rather than compromised at Adonis and The Executive. The author moves the conversation away from questions focused solely on the clients’ experiences to the labor that makes their consumption possible. This helps to explain how privilege is maintained through everyday organizations, interpersonal interactions, and embodied practices; and how spaces and practices that appear to blur the gender binary may actually reinforce the status quo. The emotional labor especially women beauty workers do, the touching rules by which they are obliged to operate, and the educational work they do as experts to make men competent beauty consumers all pillar men’s access to women’s bodies, sexualities, and emotions.
Introduction to the Right to Avoid Procreation and the Regulation of Pregnancy
Authors: Herrmann Janne Rothmar , Sepper Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the right not to procreate as a cornerstone of reproductive freedom in international human rights law. It shows that, despite the wide disagreement and divergence in approaches among European nations as well as among US states, the same principles guide legal, political, and moral debates over the right not to procreate and of the regulation of pregnant women. Interests in autonomy, equality, family formation, family life, privacy, medical ethics, health, and fetal life cut across jurisdictions, although their impact varies to greater and lesser degrees. These interests are reflected in the contours of the right not to procreate under the international human rights regime. This emerged out of two very different United Nations conferences focusing on population control (the UN International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994) and women’s rights (the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995), respectively.
Humanism and Technology
Authors: van der Weele Cor , van den Belt Henk 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The chapter argues that in human relations with technology, assumptions about ourselves are just as crucial as assumptions about technology. Neither the optimistic traditional humanist belief in human freedom and autonomy, nor the pessimistic view that humans are necessarily anthropocentric, will do for building sound relations with technology. The chapter develops this argument through three debates. First, Heidegger’s antihumanism, in which humans do not have any agency in their relations with technology, may not be convincing, yet lack of control is still a relevant theme. Second, the section on evolutionary humanism (turning to transhumanism and AI) shows that humans now often look vulnerable rather than masterful in their relations with technology. Third, Anthropocene debates tend to rest on bleak views of human beings, so that hard-to-control technologies may then seem to be our only hope. The chapter argues for a need to develop more detailed insights into how we function by facing and exploring our weaknesses and vulnerabilities, as well our under-recognized abilities for responsibility. This may open perspectives on more modest and entangled forms of agency, more humane technologies, and more de-centered relations with nature.
Labor Movements in Latin America
Authors: Rossi Federico M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The history of Latin America cannot be understood without analyzing the role played by labor movements in organizing formal and informal workers across urban and rural contexts.
This chapter analyzes the history of labor movements in Latin America from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. After debating the distinction between “working class” and “popular sectors,” the chapter proposes that labor movements encompass more than trade unions. The history of labor movements is analyzed through the dynamics of globalization, incorporation waves, revolutions, authoritarian breakdowns, and democratization. Taking a relational approach, these macro-dynamics are studied in connection with the main revolutionary and reformist strategic disputes of the Latin American labor movements.
Periodically repeating fast radio bursts: Lense–Thirring precession of a debris disk?
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recently, repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) with a period of PFRB = 16.35 ± 0.18 d from FRB 180916.J0158+65 were reported. It still remains controversial how such a periodicity might arise for this FRB. In this Letter, based on an assumption of a young pulsar surrounding by a debris disk, we attempt to diagnose whether Lense–Thirring precession of the disk on the emitter can produce the observed periodicity. Our calculations indicate that the Lense–Thirring effect of a tilted disk can result in a precession period of 16 d for a mass inflow rate of 0.5–1.5 × 1018 g s−1, a pulsar spin period of 1–20 ms, and an extremely low viscous parameter α = 10−8 in the disk. The disk mass and the magnetic field of the pulsar are also constrained to be ∼10−3 M⊙ and &lt;2.5 × 1013 G. In our model, a new-born pulsar with normal magnetic field and millisecond period would successively experience the accretion and propeller phases, and is visible as a strong radio source in the current stage. The rotational energy of such a young neutron star can provide the observed radio bursting luminosity for 400 yr.
Prefrontal GABA Levels Correlate with Memory in Older Adults at High Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Murari Geetanjali , Liang Darren Ri-Sheng , Ali Aliya , Chan Frankie , Mulder-Heijstra Mirjam , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul L G , Herrmann Nathan , Chen J Jean , Mah Linda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a significant role in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the relationship between GABA levels in the dorsomedial/dorsoanterolateral prefrontal cortex (DM/DA-PFC) and memory in high-AD risk participants. Thirty-eight participants (14 Cognitively Normal [CN], 11 with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), and 13 Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI]) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla. SCD and MCI participants were grouped together to form a single high-AD risk group (N = 24) for the purposes of statistical analyses. Partial correlations of GABA+/Cr level with verbal memory, assessed on California Verbal Learning Test-II, and nonverbal memory, assessed on Brief Visuospatial Memory Test and Rey-Osterrieth test, were examined separately within the high-AD risk and CN groups. GABA+/Cr levels were positively correlated with long-delayed verbal memory (r = 0.69, P = 0.009) and immediate nonverbal memory (r = 0.97, P = 0.03) in high-AD risk, but not in CN participants. These results remained significant after controlling for depression. These preliminary findings, which require replication due to the limited sample sizes, are the first report of an association between GABA+/Cr levels within the DM/DA-PFC and memory performance in high-AD risk individuals.
Global nature of airborne particle toxicity and health effects: a focus on megacities, wildfires, dust storms and residential biomass burning
Authors: Kelly Frank J , Fussell Julia C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince air pollutants are difficult and expensive to control, a strong scientific underpinning to policies is needed to guide mitigation aimed at reducing the current burden on public health. Much of the evidence concerning hazard identification and risk quantification related to air pollution comes from epidemiological studies. This must be reinforced with mechanistic confirmation to infer causality. In this review we focus on data generated from four contrasting sources of particulate air pollution that result in high population exposures and thus where there remains an unmet need to protect health: urban air pollution in developing megacities, household biomass combustion, wildfires and desert dust storms. Taking each in turn, appropriate measures to protect populations will involve advocating smart cities and addressing economic and behavioural barriers to sustained adoption of clean stoves and fuels. Like all natural hazards, wildfires and dust storms are a feature of the landscape that cannot be removed. However, many efforts from emission containment (land/fire management practices), exposure avoidance and identifying susceptible populations can be taken to prepare for air pollution episodes and ensure people are out of harm’s way when conditions are life-threatening. Communities residing in areas affected by unhealthy concentrations of any airborne particles will benefit from optimum communication via public awareness campaigns, designed to empower people to modify behaviour in a way that improves their health as well as the quality of the air they breathe.
Insights on Spiritual Care for the Deaf Community
Authors: Georges Marie Therese , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
Communicating effectively with persons who have a hearing disability can be challenging; assessing and providing spiritual care for these individuals is a more formidable expectation. Understanding the culture includes knowing available communication strategies and how best to use sign language interpreters. Building trust, demonstrating respect, and honoring privacy are essential components for nurses who wish to offer spiritual care. Utilizing spiritual caring moments as well as Helen Keller's example of successful communication across the hearing–nonhearing divide gives nurses valuable insights.
Faith Integration in the Development of an Interprofessional Education Faculty Fellowship
Authors: Hensarling Robert W. , Shelton Lora , Thomason Angela R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
To cultivate faculty facilitators in interprofessional education, a college of health sciences at a Christian university established a fellowship for interprofessional development that incorporated faith-based activities. Twenty-eight faculty formed nine interprofessional project groups that participated in the 12-month fellowship across two academic years. The objective was to gain competence in interprofessional education. Analysis of pre- and postassessment findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the two assessments in seeking information related to faith-based aspects of care. This educational intervention suggests that the inclusion of a faith component may help to shift faculty perceptions of faith-based care during development of interprofessional education opportunities.
Management of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in the Adult Male Patient with Comorbid Conditions
Authors: Smothers Angel , Young Stephanie , Constantine Lori 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
Faith community nurses often counsel patients regarding illness management and are in a unique position to provide support to those facing multiple illnesses. When faced with multiple illnesses, men with urologic problems commonly do not mention them at routine exams, yet older patients might ask a trusted faith community nurse about urological concerns such as prostatitis. The National Institutes of Health developed a new classification structure for prostatitis in the 1990s, combining two types of prostate conditions into a new category. Due to disease complexity, treatments combining both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are shown to be effective in relieving symptoms.
Sexual Violence in Sport: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement
Authors: Koontz Jennifer Scott , Mountjoy Margo , Abbott Kristin E. , Aron Cindy Miller , Basile Kathleen C. , Carlson Chad T. , Chang Cindy J. , Diamond Alex B. , Dugan Sheila A. , Hainline Brian , Herring Stanley A. , Hopkins Elliot , Joy Elizabeth A. , Judge Janet P. , LaBotz Michele , Matuszak Jason , McDavis Cody J. , Myers Rebecca A. , Nattiv Aurelia , Tanji Jeffrey L. , Wagner Jessica , Roberts William O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a group of experts to develop a Position Statement addressing the problem of sexual violence in sport. The AMSSM Sexual Violence in Sport Task Force held a series of meetings over 7 months, beginning in July 2019. Following a literature review, the task force used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize the Position Statement. The objective of this Position Statement is to raise awareness of this critical issue among sports medicine physicians and to declare a commitment to engage in collaborative, multidisciplinary solutions to reduce sexual violence in sport.
Treadmill-Based Locomotor Training With Robotic Pelvic Assist and Visual Feedback: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Bishop Lauri , Omofuma Isirame , Stein Joel , Agrawal Sunil , Quinn Lori 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Gait asymmetries are common after stroke, and often persist despite conventional rehabilitation. Robots provide training at a greater practice frequency than conventional approaches. However, prior studies of have found the transfer of learned skills outside of the device to be inadequate. The tethered pelvic assist device (TPAD) promotes weight shifting, yet allows users to independently navigate spatiotemporal aspects of gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 5-day intervention combining TPAD training with visual feedback and task-specific overground training to promote improved force and stance symmetry in individuals after stroke.

Methods:
After baseline assessments, 11 participants chronically after stroke received 1 hour of practice for 5 consecutive days. Training sessions included visual feedback during TPAD treadmill training followed by overground gait training. Safety, perceived exertion, and adherence were recorded as measures of feasibility. Load and stance symmetry were reassessed after the intervention (posttraining) and again 1 week later.

Results:
No adverse events were reported. Mean (SD) perceived exertion (3.61 (0.23)) was low and did not significantly change throughout the intervention. Overall adherence was 96.4%. Load asymmetry was not significantly reduced on the treadmill from baseline to posttraining (P = 0.075). Overground stance symmetry significantly improved on posttraining (F = 8.498, P = 0.002), but was not sustained at follow-up. (See the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A311, which summarizes the study background, methods, and results.)

Discussion and Conclusions:
Results demonstrate this combined interventional approach was feasible and improved stance symmetry overground, yet further work should consider increasing training intensity and/or duration to induce gains lasting through follow-up.
Barriers and Facilitators to Aerobic Exercise Implementation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Moncion Kevin , Biasin Louis , Jagroop David , Bayley Mark , Danells Cynthia , Mansfield Avril , Salbach Nancy M. , Inness Elizabeth , Tang Ada 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Aerobic exercise is a recommended part of stroke best practices; yet, access to aerobic exercise programs within stroke rehabilitation remains limited and inconsistent. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the nature and extent of barriers and facilitators to aerobic exercise implementation with adults post-stroke as reported by health care professionals.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AMED Allied and Complementary Medicine were searched from inception to October 16, 2019. Research studies that examined health care professionals' barriers and facilitators to aerobic exercise implementation in adults post-stroke were included. Two reviewers independently conducted title and abstract screening, full-text evaluation, data extraction, and quality appraisal. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to map the identified barriers or facilitators and to analyze and interpret the results.

Results:
Four studies were included in the review. All studies involved surveys conducted among physical therapists and reported barriers related to “environmental context and resources” (eg, lack of equipment, time, staff), insufficient “knowledge” and “skills” (eg, safe aerobic exercise prescription and implementation), “beliefs about capabilities” (eg, uncertainty about exercise intensity and screening tools), and professional role and identity (eg, aerobic exercise not a priority). Access to and continued education in structured aerobic exercise programs and safety monitoring were identified facilitators.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Some of the identified barriers could be overcome with modeling and training in best practice, while others may require interventions targeting organizational environment and leadership. Future knowledge translation interventions should target the identified barriers and facilitators to implementing aerobic exercise.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A312).
Age-related differences in the impact of coagulopathy in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: An observational cohort study
Authors: Takayama Wataru , Endo Akira , Koguchi Hazuki , Murata Kiyoshi , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Although age and coagulopathy are well-known predictors of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI), the interaction effect of these two predictors remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES
We assessed age-related differences in the impact of coagulopathy on the outcome following isolated TBI.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective observational study in two tertiary emergency critical care medical centers in Japan from 2013 to 2018. A total of 1036 patients with isolated TBI (head Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 3 and other Abbreviated Injury Scale < 3) were selected and divided into the nonelderly (n = 501, 16–64 years) and elderly group (n = 535, age ≥65 years). We further evaluated the impact of coagulopathy (international normalized ratio, >1.2) on the outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended [GOS-E] scores, in-hospital mortality, and ventilation-free days) in both groups using univariate and multivariate models. Further, we conducted an age-based assessment of the impact of TBI-associated coagulopathy on GOS-E using a generalized additive model.

RESULTS
The multivariate model showed a significant association of age and TBI-associated coagulopathy with lower GOS-E scores, in-hospital mortality, and shorter ventilation-free days in the nonelderly group; however, significant impact of coagulopathy was not observed for all the outcomes in the elderly group. There was a decrease in the correlation degree between coagulopathy and GOS-E scores decreased with those older than 65 years.

CONCLUSION
There was a low impact of coagulopathy on functional and survival outcomes in geriatric patients with isolated TBI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, Level IV.