bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified prediction system using combined preoperative anthropomorphic imbalance and fistula risk score for predicting the occurrence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki , Amano Hironobu , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Hattori Minoru , Nakahara Masahiro , Ohdan Hideki , Noriyuki Toshio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of fistula risk score (FRS) and preoperative body composition factors for predicting the occurrence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods: In this study, 136 consecutive patients who underwent PD between 2006 and 2018 were enrolled. The risk factors of CR-POPF (grades B and C) were analyzed. Preoperative visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), skeletal mass index (SMI), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SATA) were calculated from computed tomography data.Results: The overall 30-day mortality and morbidity rates were 0.7% and 38%, respectively. The incidence rates of grade B and C CR-POPF were 27% and 4%, respectively. A univariate analysis revealed that male sex, habitual smoking, prognostic nutritional index < 45, VATA/SATA ≥ 0.9, VATA/SMI ≥ 1.4, and FRS > 4 were significantly associated with the incidence of CR-POPF. A multivariate analysis revealed that VATA/SMI ≥ 1.4 and FRS > 4 were the independent risk factors of CR-POPF. A modified prediction score using the combination of VATA/SMI and FRS significantly predicted CR-POPF after PD.Conclusions: Preoperative anthropomorphic imbalance and FRS were equally accurate in predicting CR-POPF. Patients with high-risk factors should be closely monitored during the postoperative period.
Prevalence of Anemia in School Age Children (SAC) of District Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
Authors: ali irfan , khan ahsan , ahmad mushtaq , rehman Ihtisham ur , hayat fahad , khan mohsin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Pakistan has one of the highest prevalence’s of child anemia as compared to other developing countries. This narrative about the prevalence of anemia in school age children’s at district Swabi. Although Swabi has experienced rapid economic growth over the decades, significant health and nutrition problem remains unfortunately because little work has been done to track basic diseases such as anemia. Results: The goal of this research is to assess the prevalence of anemia in Swabi. A total of 400 children of school age participated in this study. District Swabi was divided into four tehsils Topi, Swabi, Razzar and Lahor and 100 samples of blood of both genders were collected from each subject to measure hemoglobin level. From tehsil Swabi 60 boys and 40 girls, tehsil Topi 70 boys and 30 girls, Razar 50 boys and 50 girls and Lahor 80 boys and 20 girls, were examined in the current study. Children included in the study sample were divided into two groups, anemic and non-anemic. In tehsil Swabi 42% of school going children were anemic. The prevalence of anemia in school going children of tehsil Topi was 48%, in tehsil Razar the count of anemic children was 63%and 58% children found anemic in tehsil Lahor. The prevalence was high in tehsil Razar, Lahor, Topi and Swabi respectively. The total anemic children were 52.0% and non-anemic were 48.0%. The mean Hb level of anemic children was 10.9 Gm. %. Conclusion: The presence of anemia reduces resistance, physiological development and declines physical and mental activities. The percentage of anemia in children of lower class families (fewer earnings) was higher 70% as compare to children of upper class families 32%.
Assessment of Kenyan Optometrists Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract, Kisumu County, Western Kenya
Authors: Muma Shadrack , Obonyo Stephen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundCataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world. It is the clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye characterized by reduced vision, increasing difficulty with vision at night and sensitivity to light and glare. The risk factors of cataract include increased age, smoking and excess exposure to sunlight. Though studies have focused on the causes and treatment of cataract, there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kenya. The optometrists are the primary health care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess, provide advice and refer cataract patients to the ophthalmologists.Methods: a cross sectional design was used. Stratified random sampling was used to select sample. Fisher’s formula was used.ResultsA total of 49 optometrists were interviewed over a period of four months, the male to female ratio was 2:1, mean age of 45.8(72%) years, age ranged from 25-39 years with mean duration of practice of one year and maximum of 10 years. One hundred percent optometrists had good knowledge and understanding of importance of slit lamp assessment in making cataract diagnosis. However, our results found that (83.6%) of optometrists used pen torch for assessment of lens changes in patients. On skills, optometrists were classified as having poor skills with thirty nine (79.6%) being unable to diagnose. 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above who attended eye clinics for cataract. The most common challenges reported for not screening was long queues. The study further established that the optometrists had various reasons to refer patients to another hospital including 52.6% for availability of ophthalmologists and 39.5% of optometrists for availability of equipment.ConclusionThe study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract. Most optometrists do not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Hence there is need to sensitize optometrists on the significance of screening for cataract to prevent blindness due to cataract.
Factors affecting the implementation of a whole school mindfulness program: A qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Hudson Kristian , Lawton Rebecca , Hugh-Jones Siobhan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Preventing the onset of poor mental health in adolescence is an international public health priority. Universal, whole school preventative approaches are valued for their reach, and anti-stigmatising and resilience building principles. Mindfulness approaches to well-being have the potential to be effective when delivered as a whole school approach for both young people and staff. However, despite growing demand, there is little understanding of possible and optimal ways to implement a mindfulness, whole school approach (M-WSA) to well-being. This study aimed to identify the determinants of early implementation success of a M-WSA. We tested the capacity of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), to capture the determinants of the implementation of a mental health intervention in a school setting.Methods Key members of school staff (n=15) from five UK secondary schools attempting to implement a M-WSA were interviewed at two-time points, six months apart, generating a total of 30 interviews. Interviews explored participants’ attitudes, beliefs and experiences around implementing a M-WSA. Interview data were coded as CFIR constructs or other (non CFIR) factors affecting implementation. We also mapped school-reported implementation activity and perceived success over 30 months.Results The CFIR captured the implementation activities and challenges well, with 74% of CFIR constructs identifiable in the dataset. Of the 38 CFIR constructs, 11 appeared to distinguish between high and low implementation schools. The most essential construct was school leadership. It strongly distinguished between high and low implementation schools and appeared inter-related with many other distinguishing constructs. Other strongly distinguishing constructs included relative priority, networks and communications, formally appointed implementation leaders, knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, and executing.Conclusions The CFIR appears useful for assessing the implementation of mental health programs in UK secondary schools. Our findings suggest key implementation constructs that schools, commissioners and policy makers should focus on to promote successful early implementation of mental health programs. School leadership is a key construct to target at the outset.
Characterization of Cystoisospora suis sexual stages in vitro
Authors: Feix Anna Sophia , Cruz-Bustos Teresa , Ruttkowski Bärbel , Joachim Anja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The porcine coccidium Cystoisospora suis is characterized by a complex life cycle during which asexual multiplication is followed by sexual development with two morphologically distinct cell types, the micro- and macrogametes. Genes related to the sexual stages and cell cycle progression were previously identified in related Apicomplexa. Here, the sexual stages of C. suis were characterized in vitro morphologically and for temporal expression changes of the mentioned genes to gain insight into this poorly known phase of coccidian development.Methods: Sexual stages of C. suis (micro- and macrogametes) developing in vitro in porcine intestinal epithelial cells were examined by light and electron microscopy. The transcriptional levels of genes related to merozoite multiplication and sexual development were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR at different time points of cultivation. Dynein light chain type 1 and male gamete fusion factor HAP2 expression is presumably restricted to microgametes. Tyrosin-rich proteins are a part of the wall-forming bodies and oocyst wall proteins. The RAD51/Dmc1 protein plays a role during the cell division process, and Nima-related protein kinases regulate the cell cycle and are associated with male or female Plasmodium gametocytes. Transcription levels were compared for parasites in culture supernatants at 6–9 doc (day of cultivation) and intracellular parasites at 6–15 doc.Results: Sexual stage of C. suis could be found during 8–11 doc in vitro. Microgametes had a spherical body (3.0–5.0 µm) and two flagella (10.8–12.3 µm). Macrogametes were spherical with a diameter of 11.5–13.0 µm. Merozoite gene transcription peaked on 10 doc and then declined. Genes related to the sexual stages and cell cycle showed an upregulation with a peak on 13 doc, after which they declined. Conclusions: The present work linked gene expression changes to the detailed morphological description of C. suis sexual development in vitro, including fertilization, meiosis and oocyst formation in vitro. Following this process at the cellular and molecular level will elucidate details on potential bottlenecks of development of C. suis (and coccidian parasites in general) which could be exploited as novel targets for control.
De novo assembly of Amorpha fruticosa (Amorpha fruticosa L.) transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms
Authors: SUN Xinzhu , LIU He , HU Songmiao , ZHOU Yunwei , GUAN Qingjie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Amorpha fruticosa (Amorpha fruticosa L.) is a deciduous shrub that is native to North America and has been introduced to China as an ornamental plant.In order to cultivate drought-tolerant Amorpha fruticosa varieties, it is important to understand the drought-tolerant mechanism of Amorpha fruticosa. Through the changes of the transcriptome of Amorpha fruticosa under drought stress, the mechanism of anti-stress of Amorpha fruticosa could be revealed. Different concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) was used to simulate drought stress, and transcriptomic analysis was used to reveal the changes of gene expression patterns in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings.Results Results showed that Amorpha fruticosa seedlings were seriously affected by PEG-6000. As for the differently expressed genes (DEGs), most of them were up-regulated. The additional Go and KEGG analysis results showed that DEGs were functionally enriched in cell wall, signal transduction and hormonal regulation related pathways. DEGs like AfSOD, AfHSP, AfTGA, AfbZIP and AfGRX play roles in response to drought stress.Conclusion In conclusion, Amorpha fruticosa seedlings were sensitive to drought, which was different from Amorpha fruticosa tree, and the genes functions in drought stress responses via ABA‐independent pathways. The up-regulation of Salicylic acid signal related DEGs (AfTGA and AfPR-1) indicated that Amorpha fruticosa can resist drought stress through Salicylic acid.
Community Based Review, Implementation, and Evaluation of Nutrition Course plan in the Doctorate of Medicine and Baccalaureate of Nursing by Nutritional Need Assessment
Authors: Naghashpour Mahshid , Amini Mitra , Khaleghjoo Armin , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Zahedi Atefe , Fakharzadeh Leila , Golabi Sahar , Mansouri Samaneh , Adelipour Maryam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Training needs assessment is the process of identifying educational needs. The project aims to determine the priorities of nutrition-related health problems in the Southwest of Iran through training needs assessment. This process designed to review the nutrition course plan based on the community needs, implementation, and evaluation to identify the potential strengths and weaknesses of the considered course plan from the students’ perspectives. Methods: The study was designed in five phases: 1) needs assessment by using Nominal Group Technique, 2) review of nutrition course plan, 3) implementation of revised nutrition course plan, 4) qualitative evaluation of the new course plan by students, and 5) comparison of the grade of the students in the new course by students in the previous course. Behavioral and non-behavioral causes of the nutrition-related health problem priorities were determined using the nominal group technique. A review of the nutrition course plan was done. A revised course plan was implemented for medical and nursing students in two semesters. A conventional content analysis was applied to analyze the qualitative data obtained from the students' semi-structured interviews. The mean of semester exam scores was compared between the students trained with the revised course plan and the previous one by one-way ANOVA.Results: The conventional content analysis identified three major themes: perfect educational content, shortcomings, and strategies. Medical students trained with the revised course plan in the first semester obtained a higher semester exam score compared to the students trained with a revised course plan in the second semester. Also, semester exam scores were higher among nursing students trained with the previous course plan compared to the students trained with the revised one (p<0.05). Conclusions: Needs assessment provides an opportunity for a community-based review of the nutrition course plan. Evaluation of the implementation of the revised course plan allowed the students to state experiential learning that enables them to identify the educational needs as future employees and explore shortcomings and strategies to improve the medical education programs.
Evolutionary engineering improved D-glucose/xylose co-fermentation of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Zhou Linlin , Wen Zhiqiang , Wang Zedi , Zhang Yuwei , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo , Jin Mingjie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Yarrowia lipolytica is considered as a promising biorefinery chassis for production of microbial lipids, the important precursors of advanced biofuels. Unfortunately, wild Yarrowia lipolytica is unable to consume xylose, the major pentose in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. A recombinant strain Yarrowia lipolytica yl-XYL+ can utilize xylose to produce microbial lipids efficiently, but its xylose uptake is severely delayed in the presentence of D-glucose. Therefore, it is critical to develop co-fermenting D-glucose and xylose strains and study the underlying mechanisms.Results: In this study, an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is performed to engineering the strains in the medium containing xylose and D-glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (dG). After four stages of evolution over a total of 64 days, we obtained for the first time a strain of Y. lipolytica (yl-XYL+*04*10) with derepressed xylose metabolism. Xylose uptake kinetics showed that it could efficiently utilize xylose in the presence of 10 g/L dG or D-glucose. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that relative expression level of YALI0_C04730g and YALI0_D00363g (both encoding xylose-specific transporter) was significantly up-regulated. Besides, we found that missense mutations N373T and G270A in YALI0_E23287g (encoding a D-glucose transporter) and YALI0_E15488g (encoding a hexokinase) respectively.Conclusions: These results indicate that these are important gene targets responsible for improved xylose utilization in the evolved Yarrowia lipolytica. Our work provides a new approach for breeding Yarrowia lipolytica and paved the way for future pentose metabolic engineering.
“YAPAY” BİR ÇOCUK KORUMA MODELİ OLARAK SOS ÇOCUK KÖYLERİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: YAMAN Fikret 
Published: December 2019

Aile,
çocukların büyümeleri için doğal ve ideal ortam olmasına rağmen bazı çocuklar çeşitli
nedenlerle aile bakımından yoksun yaşamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Uluslararası ve ulusal mevzuata göre, ebeveyn
bakımından yoksun olan korunmaya muhtaç çocukların tespiti, korunması ve alternatif
hizmet modellerinden faydalandırılması kamunun sorumluluğundadır. Bununla
birlikte, kamu kurumlarının yanı sıra korunmaya muhtaç çocuklara küresel
ölçekte hizmet sunan sivil toplum örgütleri de bulunmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, ebeveyn bakımından
yoksun çocuklara dünya genelinde hizmet sunan sivil toplum örgütlerinden biri
olan Uluslararası SOS Çocuk Köylerinin korunmaya muhtaç çocuklara yönelik
hizmetleri, kuruluş modeli ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaları eleştirel bir
yaklaşımla ele alınacaktır. Uluslararası
SOS çocuk köyü modeli “anne, kız ve erkek kardeşler, ev ve köy” olmak üzere
dört bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Uluslararası SOS, bu model ile ebeveyn bakımından
yoksun çocuklara “gerçek” bir aile ortamı oluşturduğunu iddia etmektedir. Uluslararası
SOS, 2017 yılı sonu itibariyle Afrika, Amerika, Asya ve Okyanusya ve Avrupa’da 572
Çocuk Köyü ile 81.700 çocuk ve gence hizmet vermeye devam etmektedir. Uluslararası
Çocuk Köylerini eleştirel bir yaklaşım ve çocuk hakları perspektifinden ele
alan bu çalışmanın, SOS Çocuk Koruma
modellerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve çocuk refahı alanındaki çalışmalara katkı
sağlanması beklenmektedir.
KADINLARIN BENLİK İKİLEMLERİ İLE BÜTÜNLEYİCİ KENDİLİK FARKINDALIKLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: UYGUR Sebahat Sevgi , ASICI Esra , SARI Derya 
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmada, kadınların benlik ikilemi ile
bütünleyici kendilik farkındalık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca kadınların benlik ikilemiyle bütünleyici kendilik
farkındalık düzeylerinin psikolojik sorun yaşama, psikolojik yardım alma,
medeni durum, yerleşim yeri ve aylık gelir değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp
farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma, betimsel tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır.
Veriler online olarak kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 274’ü bekar, 107’si evli olmak
üzere 382 kadın katılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu,
Benlik İkilemi Ölçeği, Bütünleyici Kendilik Farkındalığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmada Pearson Korelasyonu, Tek Yönlü ANOVA, Bağımsız Gruplar için t Testi
uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları; kadınların benlik ikilemi ile bütünleyici
kendilik farkındalığı puanları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğunu
ortaya koymuştur. Psikolojik sorun yaşama ve medeni duruma göre, kadınların
benlik ikilemi toplam ve benlik ikilemi alt boyut puanları arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülürken; hayatın büyük
bölümünün geçirildiği yerleşim yerine göre, bütünleyici kendilik farkındalığı
puanları arasında; aylık gelire göre,
bütünleyici kendilik farkındalığı ve sosyal kabul edilebilirlik ikilemi
puanları arasında ve psikolojik yardım alma durumuna göre, değerlilik ikilemi puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu
saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Hydrogen production from coffee pulp by dark fermentation
Authors: Miñón-Fuentes Raciel , Aguilar-Juárez Oscar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Coffee pulp (C.P.) is a waste of coffee production that needs to be controlled. Due to its high moisture and sugar content, a diagnostic study that characterizes the pulp was conducted and the potential for hydrogen production was evaluated. Subsequently, the kinetics of hydrogen production in a bioreactor were evaluated. A biodegradability index of 0.91 (DBO5/DQO) was calculated, initial pH of the sample was 4.16 ± 0.05, a concentration of total volatile solids (TVS) of 58.1 ± 0.94 [g/L], and total sugar of 19.6 ± 0.79 [g Dextrose/L]. The yield was at 49.2 [NmL H2/g DQOInitial], the hydrogen production per fresh coffee pulp kilogram was 4.18 [L H2/kg C.P.], the energy density was determined at 0.045 [MJ/kg C.P.]. Modified Gompertz parameters were 585 [NmL] for Hmax, 4.1 [NmL H2/g DQO-h] for Rmax and a lag phase (λ) of 92.70 [h]. Because the yield of hydrogen production of coffee pulp estimated was similar to complex substrates like tequila vinasses, and there was a DQO reduction of 13.58%, based on some substrate restrictions, dark fermentation could be a stage of pretreatment of wastewater with coffee pulp in a biogas process to produce two relevant economic and energy products (hydrogen and biogas).
Vascular Inflammation in Hypertension: Targeting Lipid Mediators Unbalance and Nitrosative Stress
Authors: Bruno Alexandre S. , Lopes Patricia das Dores , de Oliveira Karla C.M. , de Oliveira Anizia K. , de Assis Cau Stefany B. 
Published: December 2019

:Arterial hypertension is a worldwide public health threat. High Blood Pressure (BP) is commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide synthases (NOS) unbalance and high peripheral vascular resistance. In addition to those, inflammation has also been designated as one of the major components of BP increase and organ damage in hypertension. This minireview discusses vascular inflammatory triggers of high BP and aims to fill the existing gaps of antiinflammatory therapy of hypertension. Among the reasons discussed, enhanced prostaglandins rather than resolvins lipid mediators, immune cell infiltration and oxidative/nitrosative stress are pivotal players of BP increase within the inflammatory hypothesis. To address these inflammatory targets, this review also proposes new concepts in hypertension treatment with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs (NO-NSAIDs) and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM). In this context, the failure of NSAIDs in hypertension treatment seems to be associated with the reduction of endogenous NO bioavailability, which is not necessarily an effect of all drug members of this pharmacological class. For this reason, NO-releasing NSAIDs seem to be safer and more specific therapy to treat vascular inflammation in hypertension than regular NSAIDs.