bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between symptom severity and treatment burden in people living with HIV
Authors: Schreiner Nathanial , Perazzo Joseph , Digennaro Sarah , Burant Christopher , Daly Barbara , Webel Allison 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the association between symptoms severity and treatment burden in people living with HIV.DesignCorrelational, secondary analysis of data from participants diagnosed with HIV enrolled in a descriptive, cross‐sectional study examining physical activity patterns.MethodsWe analysed data from 103 men and women using self‐report data collected between March 2016 ‐ February 2017. Our primary statistical analyses consisted of explanatory multivariate modelling with individual PROMIS‐29 scores representing symptom severity and treatment burden measured using the Treatment Burden Questionnaire‐13.ResultsGreater symptom severity was associated with higher levels of cumulative treatment burden as well as higher levels of task‐specific medication and physical activity burden. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that fatigue was a risk factor of cumulative treatment burden as well as task‐specific medication and physical activity treatment burden. Effect sizes of multivariate models ranged from small (0.11) to medium (0.16). Additionally, post hoc analyses showed strong correlations between fatigue and other measured symptoms.ConclusionFindings support extant treatment burden literature, including the importance of addressing symptom severity in conjunction with treatment burden screening in the clinical setting. Results also suggest clinical interventions focused on the reduction of fatigue could reduce treatment burden in people living with HIV. Strong correlations between fatigue and other symptoms indicate the potential for reducing fatigue by addressing other highly clustered symptoms, such as depression.ImpactPeople living with HIV exhibiting higher levels of fatigue are at high risk for treatment burden and poorer self‐management adherence. Clinicians should consider incorporating symptom and treatment burden assessments when developing, tailoring and modifying interventions to improve self‐management of HIV and other co‐morbid conditions.
Contrasting trajectories of morphological diversification on continents and islands in the Afrotropical white‐eye radiation
Authors: Day Julia J. , Martins Frederico C. , Tobias Joseph A. , Murrell David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimMorphological and lineage evolution are predicted to follow different patterns in island and mainland radiations. However, the extent to which these geographical contexts influence evolutionary trajectories remains poorly understood, in part because few studies have focused on species‐rich clades colonizing continents and archipelagos over comparable timeframes. Focusing on a diverse songbird clade radiating on the African continent and adjacent islands, we tested whether morphological evolution is best explained by adaptive or non‐adaptive processes, and whether mainland and island lineages evolved to occupy different regions or volumes of morphological space (morphospace).LocationPalaeotropics, with a particular focus on the Afrotropical region.TaxonWhite‐eyes,Zosterops(Aves: Zosteropidae).MethodsWe generated principal component axes from novel trait data for 120 species and combined this information with a comprehensive dated phylogeny. We then analysed the dynamics of trait and lineage diversification using comparative evolutionary methods.ResultsAn early burst and slowdown pattern of lineage accumulation is not mirrored by phenotypic evolution, which instead shows an apparent convergence on particular phenotypes. However, the overall signature of phenotypic convergence is strongly driven by mainland taxa, in which phenotypes appear to be highly constrained within elevational zones, while speciation events are often associated with phenotypic divergence from one body plan to the other after colonization of highland from lowland habitats, or vice versa. By contrast, island lineages have repeatedly explored novel areas of morphospace with patterns of phenotypic divergence generally not distinguishable from a random‐walk model.Main conclusionsDiversification ofZosteropshighlights contrasting evolutionary trends and dynamics for continental versus island species. We suggest the different trajectory of evolution in insular lineages arises from reduced species competition leading to an increase in ecological opportunity, thereby providing a release to phenotypic constraints experienced by continental taxa.
RETRACTED: IL‐17A‐producing T cells exacerbate fine particulate matter‐induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Cong Lu‐Hong , Li Tao , Wang Hui , Wu Yi‐Na , Wang Shu‐Peng , Zhao Yu‐Yue , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Duan Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the primary air pollutant that is able to induce airway injury. Compelling evidence has shown the involvement of IL‐17A in lung injury, while its contribution to PM2.5‐induced lung injury remains largely unknown. Here, we probed into the possible role of IL‐17A in mouse models of PM2.5‐induced lung injury. Mice were instilled with PM2.5 to construct a lung injury model. Flow cytometry was carried out to isolate γδT and Th17 cells. ELISA was adopted to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of lavage fluid. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (mBECs) were extracted, and the expression of TGF signalling pathway‐, autophagy‐ and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway‐related proteins in mBECs was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The mitochondrial function was also evaluated. PM2.5 aggravated the inflammatory response through enhancing the secretion of IL‐17A by γδT/Th17 cells. Meanwhile, PM2.5 activated the TGF signalling pathway and induced EMT progression in bronchial epithelial cells, thereby contributing to pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, PM2.5 suppressed autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells by up‐regulating IL‐17A, which in turn activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, IL‐17A impaired the energy metabolism of airway epithelial cells in the PM2.5‐induced models. This study suggested that PM2.5 could inhibit autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells and promote pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by inducing the secretion of IL‐17A in γδT and Th17 cells and regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
Impact of diet and genes on murine autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Jaster Robert , Gupta Yask , Rohde Sarah , Ehlers Luise , Nizze Horst , Vorobyev Artem , Ludwig Ralf J. , Ibrahim Saleh M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe impact of environmental factors, such as diet, and the genetic basis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) are largely unknown. Here, we used an experimental murine AIP model to identify the contribution of diet to AIP development, as well as to fine‐map AIP‐associated genes in outbred mice prone to develop the disease. For this purpose, we fed mice of an autoimmune‐prone intercross line (AIL) three different diets (control, calorie‐reduced and western diet) for 6 months, at which point the mice were genotyped and phenotyped for AIP. Overall, 269 out of 734 mice (36.6%) developed AIP with signs of parenchymal destruction, equally affecting mice of both sexes. AIP prevalence and severity were reduced by approximately 50% in mice held under caloric restriction compared to those fed control or western diet. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4 to be associated with AIP, which is located within a previously reported QTL. This association does not change when considering diet or sex as an additional variable for the mapping. Using whole‐genome sequences of the AIL founder strains, we resolved this QTL to a single candidate gene, namely Map3k7. Expression of Map3k7 was largely restricted to islet cells as well as lymphocytes found in the exocrine pancreas of mice with AIP. Our studies suggest a major impact of diet on AIP. Furthermore, we identify Map3k7 as a novel susceptibility gene for experimental AIP. Both findings warrant clinical translation.
Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants
Authors: Gheorghe Delia A. , Li Chenlu , Gallacher John , Bauermeister Sarah 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAdversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity‐related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross‐sectional approach.MethodsThe UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45‐80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests.ResultsThe data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse (‘felt hated by family member as a child’) had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes.ConclusionsUsing a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross‐sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self‐perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power.
Comparative analysis of self‐injurious behaviour topographies in young children with and without developmental delay
Authors: MacLean W. E. , Dimian A. F. , Hoch J. , Tervo R. C. , Symons F. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study presents post hoc analyses of specific topographies of self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) exhibited by young children with developmental delay (DD) and children with typical development (TD). We conducted these analyses to better understand similarities and differences between the groups from a developmental perspective. No previous study has compared the prevalence, severity and co‐occurrence of specific topographies of SIB in young children.MethodThe participants were parents of two groups of children one with DD (n = 49, mean age = 37.5 months) and one with TD (n = 49, mean age = 36.6 months). Individual items of the SIB subscale from the Repetitive Behaviour Scale‐Revised were used in the analyses.ResultsSeven of the eight Repetitive Behaviour Scale‐Revised SIB categories were reported for both groups. Children in the DD group were significantly more likely to engage in Hits Self against Surface or Object, Hits Self with Body Part, Inserts Finger or Object, Skin Picking and Bites Self. Parental ratings of severity were also significantly greater for the DD group for these five topographies. The DD group engaged in a significantly greater number of SIB topographies than the children in the TD group. Children in the TD group were more likely to exhibit a single SIB topography while the DD group were more likely to engage in two or more topographies. Topographies involving self‐hitting were not only more frequent among the children in the DD group but also more likely to be rated as moderate or severe in nature.ConclusionsCompared with the TD group, the topographies of SIB exhibited by the DD group were more prevalent, more severe and co‐occurred with greater frequency. Inclusion of a group of children with TD provided an important comparative context for the occurrence of SIB in children with DD.
Topical odorant application of the specific olfactory receptor OR2AT4 agonist, Sandalore®, improves telogen effluvium‐associated parameters
Authors: Jimenez Francisco , López Esmeralda , Bertolini Marta , Alam Majid , Chéret Jérémy , Westgate Gill , Rinaldi Fabio , Marzani Barbara , Paus Ralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman hair follicles (HFs) express the olfactory receptor (OR)2AT4, which is selectively stimulated by the synthetic sandalwood‐like odorant, Sandalore®. In organ‐cultured, human scalp HFs, Sandalore® prolongs anagen and suppresses apoptosis by up‐regulating intrafollicular IGF‐1 mediated signaling.AimsThe objective of this study is to demonstrate whether effects of Sandalore® observed ex vivo translate into a clinically relevant effect in patients with telogen effluvium.Patients/MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial, 60 female volunteers (18‐65 years) affected by telogen effluvium received over a period of 24 weeks treatment with either 1% Sandalore® solution (n = 30) or placebo (identically smelling, but non‐OR2AT4 activating sandalwood oil n = 30). The study read‐out parameters were the degree of hair shedding, hair volume, terminal/vellus hair ratio, anagen/catagen‐telogen ratio, and patient self‐assessment.ResultsSandalore® 1% ameliorated clinical signs of telogen effluvium, namely it reduced hair shedding, and increased hair volume and the percentage of anagen HFs, the latter two parameters significantly more than placebo when changes were calculated to baseline. Sandalore® also increased the ratio of terminal/vellus hairs at week 8. Most of the anti‐hair shedding effects were seen after 8 weeks and maintained at week 24. Patient questionnaire showed that verum group patients were more satisfied than the placebo group in regard to the overall results.ConclusionThis clinical trial supports previous findings of anagen‐prolonging effects of Sandalore® ex vivo with similar results now reproduced in clinical practice. It also provides proof‐of‐principle that a topically applied cosmetic odorant acting through HF olfactory receptors can be a therapeutic alternative to treat hair loss disorders characterized by excessive hair shedding such as telogen effluvium.
An exploration of the factors influencing career choice in mental health
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray Aja , Cooper Matthew , Martin Rachel , Murray Kara , Baguley Clare , Chiscop Andra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the factors that are associated with considering a career in mental health.BackgroundThe mental health specialty is facing a recruitment crisis in the United Kingdom but there is limited evidence about which factors encourage and discourage people from considering a career in mental health.DesignQuantitative, observational, online survey using a multiple ordinal logistic regression model to identify if there were any significant predictors of the extent to which participants would consider a career in mental health. The design and write up of the study were guided by the STROBE checklist.MethodWe gathered the views of 231 participants (female = 188, 81.7%) aged between 16–65 (mean = 22.7, SD = 8.9), using an online survey, the majority of whom were studying on, or graduates of, psychology/social studies degrees. Information was gathered about the extent to which a range of factors influenced consideration of a career in mental health.ResultsThe majority (71.2%) of participants reported that they would definitely or probably consider undertaking a career in mental health, and over half (51.4%) would consider a career as a mental health nurse. The ability to help others and receiving appropriate training required for the role were important career choice factors. Being female, having a mental health condition and greater knowledge of mental health were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of considering a career in mental health, while having had experience of working with people with mental health difficulties was significantly negatively associated.ConclusionsStudents and graduates of psychology and social studies degrees appear to be a large, untapped recruitment pool for mental health services.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can inform more targeted recruitment strategies and development of suitable career pathways for those interested in a career in mental health.
Reproducibility of echocardiographic indices of left atrial size in dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Hsue Weihow , Visser Lance C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundReliability of echocardiographic measurements of left atrial (LA) size, an important marker of disease severity, has not been reported in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).ObjectivesTo define and compare reliability of left atrial dimension/diameter (LAD), LAD indexed to aortic valve diameter (LAD/AoD), left atrium‐to‐aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), left atrial volume acquired from a right parasternal long‐axis (LAVRPLx), and left apical view (LAVLAP) in dogs with subclinical MMVD.AnimalsNine dogs with subclinical MMVD.MethodsProspective reproducibility study. Dogs underwent 12 echocardiographic examinations by 2 operators on the mornings and afternoons of 3 nonconsecutive days within 1 week. Reliability (measurement variability) was quantified using coefficients of variation (CV) and 95% repeatability/reproducibility coefficients (95% RC). A mixed‐model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if time of day, day, and operator were significant sources of variability for each index.ResultsLinear measurements (LAD, LAD/AoD, and LA/Ao) exhibited less within‐day, between‐day, and interoperator variability (CVs, 3.9%‐12.5%) than did volume estimate measurements (LAVRPLx and LAVLAP; CVs, 11.8%‐17.9%). Of the linear measurements, LA/Ao exhibited greater variability (CVs, 9.9%‐12.5%) compared to LAD and LAD/AoD (CVs, 3.9%‐4.9%). Operator was a significant (P = .005) source of variability for LA/Ao.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCompared to other linear measurements, LA/Ao was the least reproducible and most dependent on operator. The 95% RC for each LA size index are provided to help identify clinically relevant changes (beyond intraoperator or interoperator variability) during serial echocardiographic examinations of dogs with subclinical MMVD.
Reinforcement learning‐based bird‐view automated vehicle control to avoid crossing traffic
Authors: Wang Yipei , Hou Shuaikun , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative bird‐view control framework for connected automated vehicles (CAV). Most recently tested automated vehicles are based on sensing systems equipped on the car body, which require the self‐driving policy to be robust and adaptive to various environmental uncertainties. Inspired by the vehicle to infrastructure technologies, the self‐driving technology can also be achieved through the communication between road infrastructure and the vehicle, where sensors are mainly installed on the road in a high position, which can collect traffic information from a bird‐view. To this end, we developed a fusion‐based Q‐learning method to yield an optimal bird‐view control policy for a CAV on a multi‐lane road. With our control policy, the CAV can drive smartly under complicated traffic environment, interacting with leading vehicles and crossing traffic simultaneously. A series of case studies show our CAV control policy is string stable and can avoid collisions under various scenarios.
Diversity and community structure of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in European bogs and heathlands across a gradient of nitrogen deposition
Authors: Van Geel Maarten , Jacquemyn Hans , Peeters Gerrit , van Acker Kasper , Honnay Olivier , Ceulemans Tobias 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Despite the ecological significance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, little is known about the abiotic and biotic factors driving their diversity and community composition.

To determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic filtering in structuring ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities, we established 156 sampling plots in two highly contrasting environments but dominated by the same Ericaceae plant species: waterlogged bogs and dry heathlands. Plots were located across 25 bogs and 27 dry heathlands in seven European countries covering a gradient in nitrogen deposition and phosphorus availability. Putatively ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots of 10 different Ericaceae species were characterized using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing.

Variation in ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities was attributed to both habitat and soil variables on the one hand and host plant identity on the other. Communities differed significantly between bogs and heathlands and, in a given habitat, communities differed significantly among host plant species. Fungal richness was negatively related to nitrogen deposition in bogs and phosphorus availability in bogs and heathlands.

Our results demonstrate that both abiotic and biotic filtering shapes ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities and advocate an environmental policy minimizing excess nutrient input in these nutrient‐poor ecosystems to avoid loss of ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa.
Genomic insights on the contribution of balancing selection and local adaptation to the long‐term survival of a widespread living fossil tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Chen Jun , Zhao Jing , Comes Hans Peter , Li Pan , Fu Chengxin , Xie Xiao , Lu Ruisen , Xu Wuqin , Feng Yu , Ye Wenqing , Sakaguchi Shota , Isagi Yuji , Li Linfeng , Lascoux Martin , Qiu Yingxiong 
Published: July 2020

Summary

‘Living fossils’ are testimonies of long‐term sustained ecological success, but how demographic history and natural selection contributed to their survival, resilience, and persistence in the face of Quaternary climate fluctuations remains unclear.

To better understand the interplay between demographic history and selection in shaping genomic diversity and evolution of such organisms, we assembled the whole genome of Cercidiphyllum japonicum, a widespread East Asian Tertiary relict tree, and resequenced 99 individuals of C. japonicum and its sister species, Cercidiphyllum magnificum (Central Japan).

We dated this speciation event to the mid‐Miocene, and the intraspecific lineage divergence of C. japonicum (China vs Japan) to the Early Pliocene. Throughout climatic upheavals of the late Tertiary/Quaternary, population bottlenecks greatly reduced the genetic diversity of C. japonicum. However, this polymorphism loss was likely counteracted by, first, long‐term balancing selection at multiple chromosomal and heterozygous gene regions, potentially reflecting overdominance, and, second, selective sweeps at stress response and growth‐related genes likely involved in local adaptation.

Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how living fossils have survived climatic upheaval and maintained an extensive geographic range; that is, both types of selection could be major factors contributing to the species' survival, resilience, and persistence.