bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hillslope denudation and morphologic response to a rock uplift gradient
Authors: Godard Vincent , Hippolyte Jean-Claude , Cushing Edward , Espurt Nicolas , Fleury Jules , Bellier Olivier , Ollivier Vincent ,   the ASTER Team
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Documenting the spatial variability of tectonic processes from topography is routinely undertaken through the analysis of river profiles, since
a direct relationship between fluvial gradient and rock uplift has been identified by incision models. Similarly, theoretical formulations of
hillslope profiles predict a strong dependence on their base-level lowering rate, which in most situations is set by channel incision. However, the
reduced sensitivity of near-threshold hillslopes and the limited availability of high-resolution topographic data has often been a major limitation
for their use to investigate tectonic gradients. Here we combined high-resolution analysis of hillslope morphology and cosmogenic-nuclide-derived
denudation rates to unravel the distribution of rock uplift across a blind thrust system at the southwestern Alpine front in France. Our study is
located in the Mio-Pliocene Valensole molassic basin, where a series of folds and thrusts has deformed a plateau surface. We focused on a series of
catchments aligned perpendicular to the main structures. Using a 1 m lidar digital terrain model, we extracted hillslope topographic properties
such as hilltop curvature CHT and nondimensional erosion rates E∗.
We observed systematic variation of these metrics coincident with
the location of a major underlying thrust system identified by seismic surveys. Using a simple deformation model, the inversion of the E∗ pattern
allows us to propose a location and dip for a blind thrust, which are consistent with available geological and geophysical data. We also sampled
clasts from eroding conglomerates at several hilltop locations for 10Be and 26Al concentration measurements. Calculated hilltop
denudation rates range from 40 to 120 mm kyr−1. These denudation rates appear to be correlated with E∗ and CHT that were extracted
from the morphological analysis, and these rates are used to derive absolute estimates for the fault slip rate. This high-resolution hillslope analysis allows
us to resolve short-wavelength variations in rock uplift that would not be possible to unravel using commonly used channel-profile-based
methods. Our joint analysis of topography and geochronological data supports the interpretation of active thrusting at the southwestern Alpine
front, and such approaches may bring crucial complementary constraints to morphotectonic analysis for the study of slowly slipping faults.
Coffee and shade trees show complementary use of soil water in a traditional agroforestry ecosystem
Authors: Muñoz-Villers Lyssette Elena , Geris Josie , Alvarado-Barrientos María Susana , Holwerda Friso , Dawson Todd 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Globally, coffee has become one of the most sensitive commercial crops, being affected by climate change. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) grows in traditionally shaded agroforestry systems in tropical regions and accounts for ∼70 % of coffee production worldwide. Nevertheless, the interaction between plant and soil water sources in these coffee plantations remains poorly understood. To investigate the functional response of dominant shade tree species and coffee (C. arabica var. typica) plants to different soil water availability conditions, we conducted a study during near-normal and more pronounced dry seasons (2014 and 2017, respectively) and a wet season (2017) in a traditional coffee plantation in central Veracruz, Mexico. For the different periods, we specifically investigated the variations in water sources and root water uptake via MixSIAR mixing models that use δ18O and δ2H stable isotope composition of rainfall, plant xylem and soil water. To further increase our mechanistic understanding of root activity, the distribution of below-ground biomass and soil macronutrients was also examined and considered in the model as prior information. Results showed that, over the course of the two investigated dry seasons, all shade tree species (Lonchocarpus guatemalensis, Inga vera and Trema micrantha) relied, on average, on water sources from intermediate (>15 to 30 cm depth: 58± 18 % SD) and deep soil layers (>30 to 120 cm depth: 34±21 %), while coffee plants used much shallower water sources (<5 cm depth: 42±37 % and 5–15 cm depth: 52±35 %). In
addition, in these same periods, coffee water uptake was influenced by
antecedent precipitation, whereas trees showed little sensitiveness to
antecedent wetness. Our findings also showed that during the wet season
coffee plants substantially increased the use of near-surface water
(+56 % from <5 cm depth), while shade trees extended the water acquisition to much shallower soil layers (+19 % from <15 cm depth) in comparison to drier periods. Despite the plasticity in root water uptake observed between canopy trees and coffee plants, a complementary use of soil water prevailed during the dry and wet seasons investigated. However, more variability in plant water sources was observed among species in the rainy season when higher soil moisture conditions were present and water stress was largely absent.
Efeito do fogo na vegetação espontânea em sistema agroflorestal, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Alvino-Rayol Fabrízia de Oliveira , Rayol Breno Pinto 
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fogo na estrutura, composição florística e diversidade da vegetação espontânea em um sistema agroflorestal com dois tipos de preparo da área: com e sem queima. O sistema agroflorestal foi composto pelas espécies: paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum), açaí (Euterpe oleracea) e cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum). Para a amostragem da flora da vegetação espontânea, utilizou-se um gabarito de madeira de 0,25 m2, lançado, aleatoriamente, 20 vezes em cada área avaliada. Foram calculadas a diversidade de espécies (Índice de diversidade de Shannon) e taxa de cobertura da vegetação espontânea. As espécies inventariadas foram coletadas e enviadas para identificação nos herbários da região. A diversidade de espécies não diferiu estatisticamente nos dois tratamentos. Porém, a maior taxa de cobertura de vegetação espontânea foi observada na área preparada com o uso do fogo. A composição florística da vegetação espontânea apresentou somente 32,3% de similaridade entre as duas áreas. A espécie que apresentou maior importância na flora emergente em ambas as áreas foi Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg. O fogo influenciou na composição florística e na taxa de cobertura da vegetação espontânea nas áreas avaliadas.
Gray matter network reorganization in multiple sclerosis from 7‐Tesla and 3‐Tesla MRI data
Authors: Gonzalez‐Escamilla Gabriel , Ciolac Dumitru , De Santis Silvia , Radetz Angela , Fleischer Vinzenz , Droby Amgad , Roebroeck Alard , Meuth Sven G. , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the ability of 7T‐MRI for characterizing brain tissue integrity in early relapsing‐remitting MS patients compared to conventional 3T‐MRI and to investigate whether 7T‐MRI improves the performance for detecting cortical gray matter neurodegeneration and its associated network reorganization dynamics.MethodsSeven early relapsing‐remitting MS patients and seven healthy individuals received MRI at 7T and 3T, whereas 30 and 40 healthy controls underwent separate 3T‐ and 7T‐MRI sessions, respectively. Surface‐based cortical thickness (CT) and gray‐to‐white contrast (GWc) measures were used to model morphometric networks, analyzed with graph theory by means of modularity, clustering coefficient, path length, and small‐worldness.Results7T‐MRI had lower CT and higher GWc compared to 3T‐MRI in MS. CT and GWc measures robustly differentiated MS from controls at 3T‐MRI. 7T‐ and 3T‐MRI showed high regional correspondence for CT (r = 0.72, P = 2e‐78) and GWc (r = 0.83, P = 5.5e‐121) in MS patients. MS CT and GWc morphometric networks at 7T‐MRI showed higher modularity, clustering coefficient, and small‐worldness than 3T, also compared to controls.Interpretation7T‐MRI allows to more precisely quantify morphometric alterations across the cortical mantle and captures more sensitively MS‐related network reorganization. Our findings open new avenues to design more accurate studies quantifying brain tissue loss and test treatment effects on tissue repair.
Enabling Stable Cycling of 4.2 V High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Batteries with PEO‐Based Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Qiu Jiliang , Liu Xinyu , Chen Rusong , Li Qinghao , Wang Yi , Chen Penghao , Gan Luyu , Lee Sang‐Jun , Nordlund Dennis , Liu Yijin , Yu Xiqian , Bai Xuedong , Li Hong , Chen Liquan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid electrolytes are expected to be exploited in solid‐state batteries with high safety. Its narrow electrochemical window, however, limits the potential for high voltage and high energy density applications. Herein the electrochemical oxidation behavior of PEO and the failure mechanisms of LiCoO2‐PEO solid‐state batteries are studied. It is found that although for pure PEO it starts to oxidize at a voltage of above 3.9 V versus Li/Li+, the decomposition products have appropriate Li+ conductivity that unexpectedly form a relatively stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer at the PEO and electrode interface. The performance degradation of the LiCoO2‐PEO battery originates from the strong oxidizing ability of LiCoO2 after delithiation at high voltages, which accelerates the decomposition of PEO and drives the self‐oxygen‐release of LiCoO2, leading to the unceasing growth of CEI and the destruction of the LiCoO2 surface. When LiCoO2 is well coated or a stable cathode LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 is used, a substantially improved electrochemical performance can be achieved, with 88.6% capacity retention after 50 cycles for Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 coated LiCoO2 and 90.3% capacity retention after 100 cycles for LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4. The results suggest that, when paired with stable cathodes, the PEO‐based solid polymer electrolytes could be compatible with high voltage operation.
Cation–π Interactions in Graphene‐Containing Systems for Water Treatment and Beyond
Authors: Zhao Guoke , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCation–π interactions are common in nature, especially in organisms. Their profound influences in chemistry, physics, and biology have been continuously investigated since they were discovered in 1981. However, the importance of cation–π interactions in materials science, regarding carbonaceous nanomaterials, has just been realized. The interplay between cations and delocalized polarizable π electrons of graphene would bring about significant changes to the intrinsic characteristics of graphene and greatly affect the device performance based on graphene and its derivatives. Here, the cation–π interactions in graphene containing systems for water treatment applications (e.g., separation membranes, adsorbents) are highlighted. The cross‐linking effects caused by cation–π interactions contribute to membrane stability and selectivity and enhanced adsorption. Their roles in dominating the performance of graphene‐based structures for other specific applications are also discussed. Relevant theoretical modeling and calculations are summarized to offer an in‐depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms which can help in designing more functional materials and structures. Perspectives on the potential directions that deserve effort are also presented.
Single‐Cell Nanoencapsulation: From Passive to Active Shells
Authors: Youn Wongu , Kim Ji Yup , Park Joohyouck , Kim Nayoung , Choi Hyunwoo , Cho Hyeoncheol , Choi Insung S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle‐cell nanoencapsulation is an emerging field in cell‐surface engineering, emphasizing the protection of living cells against external harmful stresses in vitro and in vivo. Inspired by the cryptobiotic state found in nature, cell‐in‐shell structures are formed, which are called artificial spores and which show suppression or retardation in cell growth and division and enhanced cell survival under harsh conditions. The property requirements of the shells suggested for realization of artificial spores, such as durability, permselectivity, degradability, and functionalizability, are demonstrated with various cytocompatible materials and processes. The first‐generation shells in single‐cell nanoencapsulation are passive in the operation mode, and do not biochemically regulate the cellular metabolism or activities. Recent advances indicate that the field has shifted further toward the formation of active shells. Such shells are intimately involved in the regulation and manipulation of biological processes. Not only endowing the cells with new properties that they do not possess in their native forms, active shells also regulate cellular metabolism and/or rewire biological pathways. Recent developments in shell formation for microbial and mammalian cells are discussed and an outlook on the field is given.
Synthesis of Palladium‐Based Crystalline@Amorphous Core–Shell Nanoplates for Highly Efficient Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Yin Peng‐Fei , Zhou Ming , Chen Junze , Tan Chaoliang , Liu Guigao , Ma Qinglang , Yun Qinbai , Zhang Xiao , Cheng Hongfei , Lu Qipeng , Chen Bo , Chen Ye , Zhang Zhicheng , Huang Jingtao , Hu Dianyi , Wang Jie , Liu Qing , Luo Zhiyong , Liu Zhengqing , Ge Yiyao , Wu Xue‐Jun , Du Xi‐Wen , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) offers a promising route to rationally tune the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and further enhance their performance in various applications. However, it remains a great challenge to construct well‐defined crystalline@amorphous core–shell heterostructured nanomaterials with the same chemical components. Herein, the synthesis of binary (Pd‐P) crystalline@amorphous heterostructured nanoplates using Cu3−χP nanoplates as templates, via cation exchange, is reported. The obtained nanoplate possesses a crystalline core and an amorphous shell with the same elemental components, referred to as c‐Pd‐P@a‐Pd‐P. Moreover, the obtained c‐Pd‐P@a‐Pd‐P nanoplates can serve as templates to be further alloyed with Ni, forming ternary (Pd‐Ni‐P) crystalline@amorphous heterostructured nanoplates, referred to as c‐Pd‐Ni‐P@a‐Pd‐Ni‐P. The atomic content of Ni in the c‐Pd‐Ni‐P@a‐Pd‐Ni‐P nanoplates can be tuned in the range from 9.47 to 38.61 at%. When used as a catalyst, the c‐Pd‐Ni‐P@a‐Pd‐Ni‐P nanoplates with 9.47 at% Ni exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation, showing a high mass current density up to 3.05 A mgPd−1, which is 4.5 times that of the commercial Pd/C catalyst (0.68 A mgPd−1).
A Zero‐Power Optical, ppt‐ to ppm‐Level Toxic Gas and Vapor Sensor with Image, Text, and Analytical Capabilities
Authors: Prévôt Marianne Estelle , Nemati Ahlam , Cull Tobias Richard , Hegmann Elda , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExposure to hazardous chemicals in the air humans breathe voluntarily or during dangerous situations such as fires or military conflicts (i.e., accidental or intentional) is a terrifying certainty. Technical challenges such as low cost, operational simplicity, response time, sensitivity, specificity, and environmental robustness often create barriers to the development of real‐time chemical sensor systems that will be broadly useful to both the private sector and the government. A multi‐mode liquid crystal sensor platform is presented that requires zero power to operate and can, based simply on the device design, be used as acute ppt‐level and analytical ppm‐level (dose × time) sensors. Inkjet printing of nanoparticles with a reactive ligand shell that affects the anchoring of nematic liquid crystal molecules facilitates the creation of sensors devices that produces an unmistakable warning or image solely based on the transmission or reflection of light. Based on the printing resolution and device architecture, these sensor devices can detect multiple gases or vapors on the same device and be used for remote sensing.
Synthesis of Heteroarene‐Fused Cyclopentadienes and Related Compounds Suitable for Metallocene Preparation
Authors: Nifant'ev Ilya E. , Ivchenko Pavel V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetallocene catalysis is widely used in transformations of unsaturated organic compounds, including the bulk industrial synthesis of polyolefins. Over the last few decades, the electronic and structural properties of their η5‐coordinated ligands have been modified by introducing electron‐donating, electron‐withdrawing, and sterically hindered substituents to obtain desirable catalytic properties for the metallocenes. An efficient way to design η5‐coordinated ligands is to exploit the annelation of heterocyclic fragments with a cyclopentadiene ring. In the present review, we summarize, systematize, and analyze synthetic approaches to heterocycle‐fused cyclopentadienes suitable for metallocene catalyst preparation.magnified image
Antimicrobial Metal Nanomaterials: From Passive to Stimuli‐Activated Applications
Authors: Cheeseman Samuel , Christofferson Andrew J. , Kariuki Rashad , Cozzolino Daniel , Daeneke Torben , Crawford Russell J. , Truong Vi Khanh , Chapman James , Elbourne Aaron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria and fungi is one of the most significant health issues of the 21st century. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials, particularly metals that exhibit antimicrobial properties. These metal nanomaterials have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial therapies. In this review, a broad overview of metal nanomaterials, their synthesis, properties, and interactions with pathogenic micro‐organisms is first provided. Secondly, the range of nanomaterials that demonstrate passive antimicrobial properties are outlined and in‐depth analysis and comparison of stimuli‐responsive antimicrobial nanomaterials are provided, which represent the next generation of microbiocidal nanomaterials. The stimulus applied to activate such nanomaterials includes light (including photocatalytic and photothermal) and magnetic fields, which can induce magnetic hyperthermia and kinetically driven magnetic activation. Broadly, this review aims to summarize the currently available research and provide future scope for the development of metal nanomaterial‐based antimicrobial technologies, particularly those that can be activated through externally applied stimuli.
Advances in Hybrid Fabrication toward Hierarchical Tissue Constructs
Authors: Dalton Paul D. , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Mironov Vladimir , Groll Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diversity of manufacturing processes used to fabricate 3D implants, scaffolds, and tissue constructs is continuously increasing. This growing number of different applicable fabrication technologies include electrospinning, melt electrowriting, volumetric‐, extrusion‐, and laser‐based bioprinting, the Kenzan method, and magnetic and acoustic levitational bioassembly, to name a few. Each of these fabrication technologies feature specific advantages and limitations, so that a combination of different approaches opens new and otherwise unreachable opportunities for the fabrication of hierarchical cell–material constructs. Ongoing challenges such as vascularization, limited volume, and repeatability of tissue constructs at the resolution required to mimic natural tissue is most likely greater than what one manufacturing technology can overcome. Therefore, the combination of at least two different manufacturing technologies is seen as a clear and necessary emerging trend, especially within biofabrication. This hybrid approach allows more complex mechanics and discrete biomimetic structures to address mechanotransduction and chemotactic/haptotactic cues. Pioneering milestone papers in hybrid fabrication for biomedical purposes are presented and recent trends toward future manufacturing platforms are analyzed.
NiO/Perovskite Heterojunction Contact Engineering for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Bingjuan , Su Jie , Guo Xing , Zhou Long , Lin Zhenhua , Feng Liping , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent research shows that the interface state in perovskite solar cells is the main factor which affects the stability and performance of the device, and interface engineering including strain engineering is an effective method to solve this issue. In this work, a CsBr buffer layer is inserted between NiOx hole transport layer and perovskite layer to relieve the lattice mismatch induced interface stress and induce more ordered crystal growth. The experimental and theoretical results show that the addition of the CsBr buffer layer optimizes the interface between the perovskite absorber layer and the NiOx hole transport layer, reduces interface defects and traps, and enhances the hole extraction/transfer. The experimental results show that the power conversion efficiency of optimal device reaches up to 19.7% which is significantly higher than the efficiency of the device without the CsBr buffer layer. Meanwhile, the device stability is also improved. This work provides a deep understanding of the NiOx/perovskite interface and provides a new strategy for interface optimization.
Auger Electrons Constructed Active Sites on Nanocatalysts for Catalytic Internal Radiotherapy
Authors: Su Weiwei , Wang Han , Wang Tao , Li Xiao , Tang Zhongmin , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Meng , Li Danni , Jiang Xingwu , Gong Teng , Yang Wei , Zuo Changjing , Wu Yelin , Bu Wenbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExcess electrons play important roles for the construction of superficial active sites on nanocatalysts. However, providing excess electrons to nanocatalysts in vivo is still a challenge, which limits the applications of nanocatalysts in biomedicine. Herein, auger electrons (AEs) emitted from radionuclide 125 (125I) are used in situ to construct active sites in a nanocatalyst (TiO2) and the application of this method is further extended to cancer catalytic internal radiotherapy (CIRT). The obtained 125I‐TiO2 nanoparticles first construct superficial Ti3+ active sites via the reaction between Ti4+ and AEs. Then Ti3+ stretches and weakens the OH bond of the absorbed H2O, thus enhancing the radiolysis of H2O molecules and generating hydroxyl radicals (•OH). All in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate a good CIRT performance. These findings will broaden the application of radionuclides and introduce new perspectives to nanomedicine.