bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Self‐Connection in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Meaning: A Longitudinal Examination
Authors: Klussman Kristine , Nichols Austin Lee , Langer Julia 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundResearchers have rarely examined mindfulness and meaning in a way that informs the causality and directionality of this relationship. The current research examines this relationship across time, further validates the Self‐Connection Scale (SCS), and examines the role of self‐connection in both moderating and mediating this relationship. This allows for researchers and practitioners alike to utilise self‐connection to help increase their own and others’ well‐being.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four participants completed measures of mindfulness, self‐connection, and meaning over 4 weeks. We also included various measures related to well‐being to further examine the nomological network of the SCS.ResultsMulti‐level models examined a total of 432 observations across 108 participants. Mindfulness predicted an increase in the presence of but not search for meaning. Self‐connection partially mediated the effect on the presence of meaning and moderated the effect on the search for meaning. Furthermore, the SCS demonstrated good validity and reliability across time.ConclusionsSelf‐connection, as measured by the SCS, has an important role in positive psychology, and those with a deficit are likely to benefit the most from increased mindfulness. Together, this provides several implications for using mindfulness and self‐connection research in personal and professional practice.
Weighted regression analysis to correct for informative monitoring times and confounders in longitudinal studies
Authors: Coulombe Janie , Moodie Erica E. M. , Platt Robert W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe address estimation of the marginal effect of a time‐varying binary treatment on a continuous longitudinal outcome in the context of observational studies using electronic health records, when the relationship of interest is confounded, mediated, and further distorted by an informative visit process. We allow the longitudinal outcome to be recorded only sporadically and assume that its monitoring timing is informed by patients' characteristics. We propose two novel estimators based on linear models for the mean outcome that incorporate an adjustment for confounding and informative monitoring process through generalized inverse probability of treatment weights and a proportional intensity model, respectively. We allow for a flexible modeling of the intercept function as a function of time. Our estimators have closed‐form solutions, and their asymptotic distributions can be derived. Extensive simulation studies show that both estimators outperform standard methods such as the ordinary least squares estimator or estimators that only account for informative monitoring or confounders. We illustrate our methods using data from the Add Health study, assessing the effect of depressive mood on weight in adolescents.
A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID‐19: The centrality of ACE1/ACE2 imbalance
Authors: Sriram Krishna , Insel Paul A. 
Published: April 2020

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which causes COVID‐19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1‐ and ACE2‐derived peptides, thereby enhancing angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling is primary driver of COVID‐19 pathobiology. ACE1/ACE2 imbalance occurs due to the binding of SARS‐CoV‐2 to ACE2, reducing ACE2‐mediated conversion of Ang II to Ang peptides that counteract pathophysiological effects of ACE1‐generated ANG II. This hypothesis suggests several approaches to treat COVID‐19 by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance: (a) AT receptor antagonists; (b) ACE1 inhibitors (ACEIs); (iii) agonists of receptors activated by ACE2‐derived peptides (e.g. Ang (1–7), which activates MAS1); (d) recombinant human ACE2 or ACE2 peptides as decoys for the virus. Reducing ACE1/ACE2 imbalance is predicted to blunt COVID‐19‐associated morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable patients. Importantly, approved AT antagonists and ACEIs can be rapidly repurposed to test their efficacy in treating COVID‐19.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
World steel production: A new monthly indicator of global real economic activity
Authors: Ravazzolo Francesco , Vespignani Joaquin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes world steel production as an indicator of global real economic activity. World steel production data is published with only a one‐month delay, thereby providing timely information for world real GDP forecasters. We find that world steel production and Lutz Kilian's (2009) index of global real economic activity generate large gains in forecasting world real GDP, relative to an autoregressive benchmark. A forecast combination of world steel production, Kilian's (2009) index of global real economic activity and an index of the industrial production of OECD countries plus six non‐OECD emerging economies produces significant gains in forecasting world real GDP, relative to an autoregressive benchmark
Expanding the clinical spectrum of Fowler syndrome: Three siblings with survival into adulthood and systematic review of the literature
Authors: De Luca Chiara , Crow Yanick J. , Rodero Mathieu , Rice Gillian I. , Ahmed Melek , Lammens Martin , De Cock Paul , Van Esch Hilde , Lagae Lieven , Rochtus Anne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly‐hydrocephaly syndrome (PVHH, OMIM 225790), also known as Fowler syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of brain angiogenesis. PVHH has long been considered to be prenatally lethal. We evaluated the phenotypes of the first three siblings with survival into adulthood, performed a systematic review of the Fowler syndrome literature and delineated genotype‐phenotype correlations using a scoring system to rate the severity of the disease. Thirty articles were included, describing 69 individual patients. To date, including our clinical reports, 72 patients have been described with Fowler syndrome. Only 6/72 (8%) survived beyond birth. Although our three patients carry the same mutations (c.327T>A‐p.Asn109Lys and c.887C>T‐p.Ser296Leu) in FLVCR2, only two of them presented with the same cerebral features, ventriculomegaly and cerebral calcifications, as affected fetuses. The third sibling has a surprisingly milder clinical and radiological phenotype, suggesting intrafamilial variability. Although no clear phenotype‐genotype correlation exists, some variants appear to be associated with a less severe phenotype compatible with life. As such, it is important to consider Fowler syndrome in patients with gross ventriculomegaly, cortical malformations and/or cerebral calcifications on brain imaging.
Hyperkeratotic hand eczema: Eczema or not?
Authors: Politiek Klaziena , Loman Laura , Pas Hendri H. , Diercks Gilles F.H. , Lemmink Henny H. , Jan Sabrina Z. , van den Akker Peter C. , Bolling Maria C. , Schuttelaar Marie L.A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperkeratotic hand eczema (HHE) is a typical clinical hand eczema subtype with a largely unknown pathophysiology.ObjectiveTo investigate histopathology, expression of keratins (K), epidermal barrier proteins, and adhesion molecules in HHE.MethodsPalmar skin biopsies (lesional and perilesional) were obtained from seven HHE patients and two healthy controls. Moreover, 135 candidate genes associated with palmoplantar keratoderma were screened for mutations.ResultsImmunofluorescence staining showed a significant reduction of K9 and K14 in lesional skin. Upregulation was found for K5, K6, K16, and K17 in lesional skin compared with perilesional and healthy palmar skin. Further, upregulation of involucrin and alternating loricrin staining, both in an extracellular staining pattern, was found. Filaggrin expression was similar in lesional, perilesional, and control skin. No monogenetic mutations were found.ConclusionCurrently, the phenotype of HHE is included in the hand eczema classification system; however, it can be argued whether this is justified. The evident expression of filaggrin and involucrin in lesional skin does not support a pathogenesis of atopic eczema. The upregulation of K6, K16, and K17 and reduction of K9 and K14 might contribute to the underlying pathogenesis. Unfortunately, comparison with hand eczema studies is not possible yet, because similar protein expression studies are lacking.
Feasibility of laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for non‐ampullary superficial duodenal neoplasms: Single‐arm confirmatory trial
Authors: Kanaji Shingo , Morita Yoshinori , Yamazaki Yuta , Otowa Yasunori , Takao Toshitatsu , Tanaka Shinwa , Urakawa Naoki , Yamamoto Masashi , Matsuda Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Toyonaga Takashi , Kodama Yuzo , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveLaparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal tumors (D‐LECS) has been developed to prevent duodenal leakage by reinforcing the endoscopic submucosal dissection site. However, there has been no prospective trial showing the feasibility of D‐LECS. Herein, we conducted a single‐arm confirmatory trial to evaluate the safety of D‐LECS for non‐ampullary superficial duodenal neoplasms.MethodsThis prospective single‐center single‐arm confirmatory trial analyzed patients with non‐ampullary superficial duodenal neoplasms who underwent D‐LECS. The primary endpoint was the incidence of any postoperative leakage occurring on the duodenal wall within 1 month postoperatively. The planned sample size was 20 patients, considering a threshold of 28% and one‐sided alpha value of 5%.ResultsBetween January 2015 and September 2018, 20 eligible patients were enrolled. Sixteen tumors were located in the second portion, three in the first portion, and one in the third portion of the duodenal region. The median operative time was 225 (134–361) min and the median blood loss was 0 (0–150) mL. Curative resection (R0) with negative margins was achieved in 19 cases. One case of postoperative leakage and one case of bleeding of grade 2 according to the Clavien–Dindo classification were observed in this series. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 9 (5–12) days. No local recurrence was observed in any patient during the median follow‐up of 15.0 (12.0–38.0) months.ConclusionsThis trial confirmed the safety and feasibility of D‐LECS for non‐ampullary superficial duodenal neoplasms with respect to the low incidence of postoperative duodenal leakage.
Managing People with Diabetes Fasting for Ramadan During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A South Asian Health Foundation Update
Authors: Hanif S. , Ali S. N. , Hassanein M. , Khunti K. , Hanif W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe month of Ramadan forms one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Adult Muslims are obligated to keep daily fasts from dawn to sunset, with exceptions. This year Ramadan is due to begin on 23 April 2020 and the longest fast in the UK will be approximately 18 hours in length. In addition, due to the often high‐calorie meals eaten to break the fast, Ramadan should be seen as a cycle of fasting and feasting. Ramadan fasting can impact those with diabetes, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and dehydration. This year, Ramadan will occur during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Reports show that diabetes appears to be a risk factor for more severe disease with COVID‐19. In addition, the UK experience has shown diabetes and COVID‐19 is associated with dehydration, starvation ketosis, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This makes fasting in Ramadan particularly challenging for those Muslims with diabetes. Here, we discuss the implications of fasting in Ramadan during the COVID‐19 pandemic and make recommendations for those with diabetes who wish to fast.
Bacterial and archaeal taxa are reliable indicators of soil restoration across distributed calcareous grasslands
Authors: Armbruster Melanie , Goodall Tim , Hirsch Penny R. , Ostle Nick , Puissant Jeremy , Fagan Kate C. , Pywell Richard F. , Griffiths Robert I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLand‐use intensification can reduce soil carbon stocks and changes microbial community biodiversity and functionality. However, there is a lack of consensus on whether management consistently affects microbial biodiversity across geographic scales, and how this relates to altered soil function. From a regulatory and monitoring perspective, there is a need to identify functionally relevant indicators of land use in order to evaluate the progress of soil restoration approaches. We performed a landscape‐scale survey of unimproved calcareous grasslands paired with local arable contrasts, and assessed the consistency of responses in a variety of soil, biotic and functional measures. In addition, adjacent grasslands undergoing restoration were assessed to identify soil microbial indicators of recovery. Organic matter content was consistently larger in grasslands than in arable fields, and increased with time in the restoring sites. Molecular comparisons of grassland versus arable soils revealed numerous bacterial, archaeal and fungal indicators, with more representatives of Ca. Xiphinematobacter, DA101, Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, Mycobacteria and Mortierella in old grassland soils, whereas Nitrososphaera, Sporosarcina and Alternaria infectoria were more abundant in arable soils. Extracellular enzymatic responses were more variable, with none of the eight investigated enzymes being consistent indicators of grassland or arable soils. Correlation analyses, incorporating the molecular and enzymatic responses across all surveyed soils, revealed that molecular indicators were more strongly correlated with soil organic matter increases with restoration of arable soils. Our results highlight that microbial taxa are among the most sensitive indicators of soil restoration, and we identify consistent responses of specific taxa to management across geographic scales. This discovery will be important for both the instigation and monitoring of soil restoration.Highlights
Soil microbes are key drivers of soil ecosystem services and are affected by management
Calcareous grassland exhibited abundant Verrucomicrobia; cropping increased Nitrososphaera
These taxa responded to SOM increases with grassland restoration, more so than enzymes and fungi
Microbes provide consistent, site‐independent indicators for calcareous grassland soil function restoration
Compensating for climate change–induced cue‐environment mismatches: evidence for contemporary evolution of a photoperiodic reaction norm in Colias butterflies
Authors: Nielsen Matthew E. , Kingsolver Joel G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change alters seasonal conditions without altering photoperiod and can thus create a cue‐environment mismatch for organisms that use photoperiod as a cue for seasonal plasticity. We investigated whether evolution of the photoperiodic reaction norm has compensated for this mismatch in Colias eurytheme. This butterfly’s wing melanization has a thermoregulatory function and changes seasonally. In 1971, Hoffmann quantified how larval photoperiod determines adult wing melanization. We recreated his experiment 47 years later using a contemporary population. Comparing our results to his, we found decreased melanization at short photoperiods but no change in melanization at long photoperiods, which is consistent with the greater increase in spring than summer temperatures recorded for this region. Our study shows that evolution can help correct cue‐environment mismatches but not in the same way under all conditions. Studies of contemporary evolution may miss important changes if they focus on only a limited range of conditions.
The relationship between overall happiness and perceived transportation services relative to other individual and environmental variables
Authors: Gim Tae‐Hyoung Tommy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies on happiness determinants have mainly focused on individual characteristics, but recently, the focus was extended to public services. Regarding the role of transportation services, however, few discussions exist on the overall happiness beyond the transitory happiness from a single trip, which differs by the mechanical characteristics of the transportation means, and particularly, those in non‐Western areas are very few. This study analyses the perceived transportation services‐happiness relationship using a social survey of 46 thousand citizens in Seoul, South Korea. How transportation services contribute to happiness is discussed in relation to the auxiliary travel utility through activities/non‐activities on the way to the destination and to the intrinsic utility, which is generated by satisfying mobility instincts, in addition to the derived utility by those activities that are conducted at the destination, the traditional focus in the transportation literature. An analytical model based on partial least squares structural equation modeling estimates the relationship between happiness and the factor of perceived transportation services while controlling for seven factors. Analytical findings are that except for gender, the significance and magnitude of each of the indicators are comparable to those reported in previous studies and as expected, perceived transportation services significantly encourage happiness. Specifically, satisfaction with the pedestrian environment turns out to be more important in increasing happiness than that with other transportation services and between the two pedestrian environment indicators, satisfaction in the residential neighborhood is found to be more important than that in urban centers.
Intratumoral CD103‐positive tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with favourable prognosis in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Park Min H , Kwon Sun Y , Choi Jung E , Gong Gyungyub , Bae Young K 
Published: April 2020

AimsCluster of differentiation 103 (CD103), a marker of tissue resident memory T cells, is expressed on subsets of CD8+ T lymphocytes. We investigated the prognostic significance of CD103+ intra‐epithelial tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs) in invasive breast cancer (IBC).Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry was performed for CD103, CD8 and TGF‐β isoforms (1, 2 and 3) on tissue microarrays of 1187 IBC samples. CD103+ and CD8+ iTILs were present in 904 (76.2%) and 854 (74%) cases with an overall mean ± standard deviation of 38.2 ± 100.2/mm2 and 30.4 ± 89.7/mm2, respectively. The numbers of CD103+ and CD8+ iTILs were positively correlated, and CD103+ iTILs outnumbered CD8+ iTILs in HER2‐positive and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). CD103+ and CD8+ iTIL densities were significantly higher in tumours of histological grade 3, absence of lymphovascular invasion, high Ki‐67 index, high stromal TIL density or TGF‐β3 expression. High CD103+ iTIL density was associated with better disease‐free survival (DFS, P = 0.007), but no significant association was observed for overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis by cancer molecular subtype showed that CD103+ iTIL count was prognostic only for TNBC (OS, P = 0.035; DFS, P = 0.009). CD8+ iTIL density was significant for DFS, but not for OS, in the entire cohort and TNBC. In multivariate analysis, CD103+ iTIL density was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.02) and DFS (P = 0.007) in TNBC, while CD8+ iTIL density was not significant for survival.ConclusionsCD103 iTIL density can serve as a predictor of good prognosis in patients with TNBC.
Presence of pleomorphic features but not growth patterns improves prognostic stratification of epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma by 2‐tier nuclear grade
Authors: Zhang Yu Z , Brambilla Cecilia , Molyneaux Philip L , Rice Alexandra , Robertus Jan L , Jordan Simon , Lim Eric , Lang‐Lazdunski Loic , Begum Sofina , Dusmet Michael , Anikin Vladimir , Beddow Emma , Finch Jonathan , Asadi Nizar , Popat Sanjay , Quesne John L , Husain Aliya N , Cookson William O C M , Moffatt Miriam F , Nicholson Andrew G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsNuclear grade has been recently validated as a powerful prognostic tool in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (E‐MPM). In other studies histological parameters including pleomorphic features and growth patterns were also shown to exert prognostic impact. The primary aims of our study are (i) externally validate the prognostic role of pleomorphic features in E‐MPM and (ii) investigate if evaluating growth pattern in addition to 2‐tier nuclear grade improves prognostication.Methods and results614 consecutive cases of E‐MPM from our institution over a period of 15 years were retrospectively reviewed, of which 51 showed pleomorphic features. E‐MPM with pleomorphic features showed significantly worse overall survival compared to those without (5.4 versus 14.7 months). Tumours with predominantly micropapillary pattern showed the worst survival (6.2 months) followed by solid (10.5 months), microcystic (15.3 months), discohesive (16.1 months), trabecular (17.6 months) and tubulo‐papillary (18.6 months). Sub‐classification of growth patterns into high grade (solid, micropapillary) and low grade (all others) led to good separation of overall survival (10.5 versus 18.0 months) but did not predict survival independent of 2‐tier nuclear grade. A composite score comprised of growth pattern and 2‐tier nuclear grade did not improve prognostication compared with nuclear grade alone. Intra‐tumoural heterogeneity in growth patterns is ubiquitous.ConclusionsOur findings support the incorporation of E‐MPM with pleomorphic features in the epithelioid subtype as a highly aggressive variant distinct from 2‐tier nuclear grade. E‐MPM demonstrates extensive heterogeneity in growth pattern but its evaluation does not offer additional prognostic utility to 2‐tier nuclear grade.
Thermal shock and sulfuric acid corrosion behavior of enamel–nano‐Ni composite/enamel–nano‐nickel composite coating
Authors: Chen Ken , Chen Minghui , Yi Aihua , Li Kang , Zhu Wen , Liao Zhongmiao , Zhu Shenglong , Wang Fuhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDense and well‐adherent enamel–nano‐Ni composite/enamel–nano‐nickel composite coatings were prepared on 304 steel. Their thermal shock (TS) resistance at 400°C as well as the chemical stability in sulfuric acid solution were investigated, and compared with pure enamel coatings. Results indicated that the nanocomposite coatings with 5 wt% of Ni particles exhibited the best resistance to TS. Almost no spalling of the coating occurs after 50 cycles of TS at 400°C. They also provided enough protective effect to the substrates from sulfuric acid corrosion. After 7 days of corrosion, the weight loss of Ni‐5 enamel coating was only 1.107 mg/cm2.