bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane flux measurements in rice by static flux chamber and eddy covariance
Authors: Reba Michele L. , Fong Bryant N. , Rijal Ishara , Adviento‐Borbe M. Arlene , Chiu Yin‐Lin , Massey Joseph H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding methane (CH4) fluxes from rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the field scale is paramount to reducing environmental impacts while ensuring global food security. Greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements at the plot scale using static flux chambers (SFC) have long informed the understanding of flux dynamics and have largely been the basis of global flux estimates. However, in many parts of the world, the landscapes where agricultural fluxes are generated come from larger fields. Eddy covariance (EC) can measure trace gases on larger fields, but there are few studies available quantifying CH4 emissions under typical practices at a field scale. Furthermore, few of these studies are from the U.S. Midsouth, the largest producer of U.S. rice. This study compares and quantifies field‐scale SFC and EC flux measurements on a large commercial system in northeastern Arkansas during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons, following typical producer practices. Daily measured SFC CH4 fluxes did not differ from EC‐daily CH4 fluxes (p = .108). Total season CH4 emissions, calculated as the sum of daily fluxes ranged from 50 to 156 kg CH4 ha−1 season−1, with SFC reporting greater emissions than EC. Although SFC and EC‐daily flux measurements were similar early (p = .382) and late (p = .543) in the season, they differed mid‐season (p < .001) with SFC consistently reporting greater fluxes than EC. The findings of this study help unify season long plot‐scale and field‐scale flux measurements and signify an advancement of our understanding of GHG fluxes from rice systems.
In vitro grafting procedure for facilitating growth of separated shoots in castor
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Hongjie , Liu Kaizhe , Chen Jingye , Li Xiaohao , Chen Jianping , Hu Hanqiao , Yang Shaoxia , Xue Yingbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegenerated adventitious buds in an Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation system of castor (Ricinus communis L.) are difficult to develop in intact plants. Therefore, an in vitro grafting system in castor was established in this study. The stocks and scions were obtained from castor seedlings, and complete castor plants could be gained by in vitro grafting. To promote growth of grafted seedlings, the effects of indole 3‐butyric acid (IBA), 6‐benzyl aminopurine (6‐BA), kinetin (KT), sodium nitrophenolate (SN), and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) on the development of grafted seedlings were explored. The experimental results indicated that when adding IBA, KT, and SN to the media at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.8 mg L−1, respectively, the growth of castor grafted seedlings could be promoted strongly; however, when 6‐BA or DA‐6 was added to media, the growth and development of castor grafted plantlet were inhibited significantly. Moreover, the survival rate of transplantation of grafted seedlings was up to 74.5%. The method of in vitro grafting in castor could be used to obtain robust and complete castor plants quickly and might provide a solution to the problems of adventitious bud growing and rooting difficulty in the genetic transformation of castor.
Child, caretaker, and community: Testing predictors of anemia and response to iron supplementation in Peruvian preschool‐aged children
Authors: Dorsey Achsah F. , Thompson Amanda L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesDespite repeated governmental and nongovernmental interventions, anemia remains a widespread public health concern in Peru. This article examines nutritional and disease factors associated with the prevalence of anemia and response to iron supplementation in Peruvian children, with the aim of understanding the lack of success of national programs.MethodsData come from children, aged 2‐5 years (n = 102), living in peri‐urban Lima. Predictors of anemia and response to iron supplementation were explored at the individual, maternal, household, and environmental levels using logistic regression models, adjusted for clustering by household.ResultsHalf of the children in this sample were anemic and 50% of the anemic children responded to iron supplementation. We identified several factors that were associated with child anemia status and response to iron supplementation. Lower weight‐for‐age z‐scores and the winter season were strong predictors of child anemia status and nonresponse to iron supplementation. Living with paternal grandparents was protective against anemia and elevated C‐reactive protein at the time of the final interview was associated with a lack of response to iron supplementation.ConclusionsThe findings of this study document an association between children's anemia status and their nutritional and ecological environment, highlighting the importance of examining anemia within a specific context to better understand the factors driving this important health problem.
Spatiotemporal Measurement of Osmotic Pressures by FRET Imaging
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Bertinetti Luca , Blank Kerstin G. , Dimova Rumiana , Gao Changyou , Schneck Emanuel , Fratzl Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOsmotic pressures (OPs) play essential roles in biological processes and numerous technological applications. However, the measurement of OP in situ with spatiotemporal resolution has not been achieved so far. Herein, we introduce a novel kind of OP sensor based on liposomes loaded with water‐soluble fluorescent dyes exhibiting resonance energy transfer (FRET). The liposomes experience volume changes in response to OP due to water outflux. The FRET efficiency depends on the average distance between the entrapped dyes and thus provides a direct measure of the OP surrounding each liposome. The sensors exhibit high sensitivity to OP in the biologically relevant range of 0–0.3 MPa in aqueous solutions of salt, small organic molecules, and macromolecules. With the help of FRET microscopy, we demonstrate the feasibility of spatiotemporal OP imaging, which can be a promising new tool to investigate phenomena involving OPs and their dynamics in biology and technology.
Selection and Characterization of an RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme Activated by Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Rothenbroker Meghan , McConnell Erin M. , Gu Jimmy , Urbanus Malene L. , Samani Sahar Esmaeili , Ensminger Alex W. , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Li Yingfu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLegionella pneumophila is a deadly bacterial pathogen that has caused numerous Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks, where cooling towers were the most common source of exposure. Bacterial culturing is used for L. pneumophila detection, but this method takes approximately 10 days to complete. In this work, an RNA‐cleaving fluorogenic DNAzyme, named LP1, was isolated. Extensive characterization revealed that LP1 is reactive with multiple infectious isolates of L. pneumophila but inactive with 25 other common bacterial species. LP1 is likely activated by a protein target, capable of generating a detectable signal in the presence of as few as 10 colony‐forming units of L. pneumophila, and able to maintain its activity in cooling tower water from diverse sources. Given that similar DNAzymes have been incorporated into many sensitive assays for bacterial detection, LP1 holds the potential for the development of biosensors for monitoring the contamination of L. pneumophila in exposure sources.
High‐performances biobased semi‐aromatic polyamide10Tcopolymerized with silicone monomers
Authors: Ai Tianhao , Feng Wutong , Zou Guangji , Ren Zhonglai , Wang Pingli , Ji Junhui , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel silicone monomer modified poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) PA10T is synthesized from 1,10‐decanediamine (DMD), terephthalic acid, and 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (DS2). The chemical structure of the product is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The crystallization behavior, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of PA10T are also analyzed. Copolymerization of PA10T with DS2 results in reduced crystallinity and thermal properties, but to a lesser extent than when PA10T is modified with aliphatic polyamide. With increased DS2 content, the tensile strength of PA10T decreases gradually, while the elongation at break and impact strength increase significantly, indicating that the toughness of PA10T has been improved.
Marine mammal stranding response in Mexico: Lessons learned
Authors: Gómez‐Hernández Guadalupe , Leyva‐Aguilera Juana Claudia , Delhumeau‐Rivera Sheila , Seingier Georges , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando Ricardo , Heckel Gisela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMarine mammals are indicators of ecosystem health, and thus stranding records are an invaluable information source. The response to marine mammal stranding (RMMS) must be comprehensive, taking into account three components: (i) operations, (ii) research, and (iii) information dissemination. Although RMMS had previously been practised in several coastal locations in Mexico, the recent enforcement of a new regulation for RMMS has posed a challenge to actors as they adapt to it.To understand the functioning of RMMS in Mexico, Bahía Todos Santos and Bahía de La Paz, two localities with over 20 years of experience in RMMS, were selected. To achieve this goal, a document review to identify the actors involved and their functions was undertaken together with a social network analysis to identify relevant actors in each locality and semi‐structured interviews to identify key topics for RMMS.The composition of the involved actors was similar at both locations. Some actors were found to have mandatory functions (i.e. governmental actors), while others (i.e. civil society organizations) performed functions beyond those established in official documents. Governmental agencies, the academic sector, and civil society organizations were the most connected actors and could help disseminate information, facilitate communication within the network, and influence decision‐making.The main topics identified were, in order of relevance: (i) economic constraints; (ii) actors' involvement; (iii) stranding response logistics; and (iv) recognition among actors.In conclusion, several limitations to the RMMS exist at both localities, mainly related to the lack of economic resources, but actors involved in RMMS actions are motivated by their own interests. This study proposes the integration of actors into local networks that take into consideration the biological, physical, and social characteristics of each place.
Uncertain random linear quadratic control with multiplicative and additive noises
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhu Yuanguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper studies two types of linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control models for multistage uncertain random systems. The first model is an LQ model with additive noises, while the second model is an LQ model with both multiplicative noises and additive noises. Chance theory is a useful tool to deal with the analysis of indeterminacy including both uncertainty and randomness. Based on Bellman's principle and chance theory, the recurrence equations are presented for settling such optimal control problems. Then, by applying recurrence equations, the analytical expressions are derived for solving both the optimal objective function and optimal control strategies of the LQ models. Meanwhile, an application and a numerical example are provided to show the effectiveness of our results.
Local extrema refinement‐based tensor product model transformation controller with problem independent sampling methods
Authors: Chang Fei , Shi Bao , Li Xin , Zhao Guoliang , Huang Sharina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral convex hull manipulation methods have been proposed for tensor product (TP) model transformation, such as CNO, INO, IRNO, minimum volume simplex, and optimized CNO. Among the five convex hull manipulation methods, CNO, INO, and IRNO are the most often used convex hull manipulation methods; minimum volume simplex is an analysis method to shrink the tightness value of the TP model transformation, and optimized CNO convex hull manipulation method is used for convex hull rectification; it also uses core tensor unfolding and folding to obtain tight convex hull. However, all these convex hull manipulation methods are designed based on classical sampling method, while the local extrema are often omitted by the classical sampling method. To obtain a more precise sampling model, in this paper, most of the existing convex hull manipulation methods are extended with local extrema refinement strategy; a uniform local extrema refinement‐based convex hull manipulation framework is proposed for the existing convex hull manipulation methods. A single gantry system is used for simulation demonstration; results show that local extrema refinement strategy is needed in convex hull manipulation of TP model transformation; it might be a preferable way to enhance classical sampling method. Minimum volume simplex is more suitable than the optimized CNO in convex hull manipulation of TP model transformation with respect to computational efficiency.
The genetic structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 does not rule out a laboratory origin
Authors: Segreto Rossana , Deigin Yuri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2′s origin is still controversial. Genomic analyses show SARS‐CoV‐2 likely to be chimeric, most of its sequence closest to bat CoV RaTG13, whereas its receptor binding domain (RBD) is almost identical to that of a pangolin CoV. Chimeric viruses can arise via natural recombination or human intervention. The furin cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 confers to the virus the ability to cross species and tissue barriers, but was previously unseen in other SARS‐like CoVs. Might genetic manipulations have been performed in order to evaluate pangolins as possible intermediate hosts for bat‐derived CoVs that were originally unable to bind to human receptors? Both cleavage site and specific RBD could result from site‐directed mutagenesis, a procedure that does not leave a trace. Considering the devastating impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 and importance of preventing future pandemics, researchers have a responsibility to carry out a thorough analysis of all possible SARS‐CoV‐2 origins.
Development and application of a cultivation platform for mammalian suspension cell lines with single‐cell resolution
Authors: Schmitz Julian , Täuber Sarah , Westerwalbesloh Christoph , von Lieres Eric , Noll Thomas , Grünberger Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn bioproduction processes, cellular heterogeneity can cause unpredictable process outcomes or even provoke process failure. Still, cellular heterogeneity is not examined systematically in bioprocess research and development. One reason for this shortcoming is the applied average bulk analyses, which are not able to detect cell‐to‐cell differences. In this study, we present a microfluidic tool for mammalian single‐cell cultivation (MaSC) of suspension cells. The design of our platform allows cultivation in highly controllable environments. As a model system, Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO‐K1) were cultivated over 150 h. Growth behavior was analyzed on a single‐cell level and resulted in growth rates between 0.85 and 1.16 day−1. At the same time, heterogeneous growth and division behavior, for example, unequal division time, as well as rare cellular events like polynucleation or reversed mitosis were observed, which would have remained undetected in a standard population analysis based on average measurements. Therefore, MaSC will open the door for systematic single‐cell analysis of mammalian suspension cells. Possible fields of application represent basic research topics like cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity, clonal stability, pharmaceutical drug screening, and stem cell research, as well as bioprocess related topics such as media development and novel scale‐down approaches.
Cysteine in cell culture media induces acidic IgG1 species by disrupting the disulfide bond network
Authors: Prade Elke , Zeck Anne , Stiefel Fabian , Unsoeld Andreas , Mentrup David , Arango Gutierrez Erik , Gorr Ingo H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA high degree of charge heterogeneity is an unfavorable phenomenon commonly observed for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Removal of these impurities during manufacturing often comes at the cost of impaired step yields. A wide spectrum of posttranslational and chemical modifications is known to modify mAb charge. However, a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms triggering charged species would be beneficial for the control of mAb charge variants during bioprocessing. In this study, a comprehensive analytical investigation was carried out to define the root causes and mechanisms inducing acidic variants of an immunoglobulin G1‐derived mAb. Characterization of differently charged species by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the reduction of disulfide bonds in acidic variants, which is followed by cysteinylation and glutathionylation of cysteines. Importantly, biophysical stability and integrity of the mAb are not affected. By in vitro incubation of the mAb with the reducing agent cysteine, disulfide bond degradation was directly linked to an increase of numerous acidic species. Modifying the concentrations of cysteine during the fermentation of various mAbs illustrated that redox potential is a critical aspect to consider during bioprocess development with respect to charge variant control.
Isolation and identification in human blood serum of the proteins possessing the ability to bind with 48 kDa form of unconventional myosin 1c and their possible diagnostic and prognostic value
Authors: Starykovych Marina , Antonyuk Volodymyr , Nehrych Tetyana , Negrych Nazar , Horák Daniel , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy , Kit Oleg , Stoika Rostyslav , Kit Yuriy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe firstly identified 48 kDa molecular form of the unconventional myosin 1c (p48/Myo1C), and isolated it from blood serum of multiple sclerosis patients. The amount of p48/Myo1C in human blood serum correlated with some autoimmune, hemato‐oncological and neurodegenerative diseases and thus may serve as a potential molecular biomarker. The biological functions of this protein in human blood remain unknown. Previously, we used the monodisperse magnetic poly (glycidyl methacrylate)(mag‐PGMA–NH2) microspheres with immobilized 48/Myo1C and western‐blot analysis, which allowed us to identify IgM and IgG immunoglobulins presenting an affinity to this protein. Here, we used mass spectrometry followed by the western blotting in order to identify other blood serum proteins with affinity to 48/Myo1C. The obtained data demonstrate that 48/Myo1C binds to component 3 of the complement and the antithrombin‐III proteins. A combination of magnetic microparticle‐based affinity chromatography with MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry and anin silicoanalysis provided an opportunity to identify the partners of interaction of 48/Myo1C with other proteins, in particular those participating in complement and coagulation cascades.
Online counselling and goal achievement: Exploring meaningful change and the types of goals progressed by young people
Authors: Jacob Jenna , Costa da Silva Luís , Sefi Aaron , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundYoung people are increasingly looking towards the internet for mental health support. There has been little research on the impact of online counselling, as captured in routine outcome measures. This research aims to explore an online counselling service, using goal‐based data.Methods‘Meaningful change’ drawing on the principles of the Reliable Change Index, t tests and logistic regression were applied to administration data (n = 4,218) to assess goal progress, and associations between service contact, goal type and meaningful change.Results55.6% of young people reported meaningful goal improvement. Those who meaningfully improved spent significantly more time engaged than those who did not. Goal types most likely to meaningfully improve were ‘getting professional help’ and ‘self‐help–self‐care’.ConclusionsMost young people made significant movement towards their collaboratively agreed goals, which is a good indication that the service is helping to address important areas of change. The findings, linked to earlier research, may indicate that those who report improvements in goals may engage with services more. The high proportion of ‘getting help’ goals may be attributable to the online setting, which young people may use as a first point of contact for help seeking, to gather information to access further support. With the increased uptake of online support services associated with the current global pandemic, future research should consider the present findings as a baseline of goal progress and service utilisation.
Communicated and attributed motives for sustainability initiatives in the energy industry: The role of regulatory compliance
Authors: van Prooijen Anne‐Marie , Bartels Jos , Meester Timo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental regulations can significantly impact the extent to which companies in the energy industry implement sustainable practices. Nevertheless, little is known how consumers respond to companies that openly acknowledge this motivation. The current study focused on the effects of communicating a combination of environmental and non‐environmental motives for investing in sustainability initiatives on consumer attributions. It was tested whether the acknowledgment of legal motives would differently affect attributions than the acknowledgment of financial motives in messages in which environmental motives were also expressed. An experiment was conducted using a 2 (legal motive: absent vs. present) by 2 (financial motive: absent vs. present) design. Results showed that acknowledging a legal or a financial motive both reduced intrinsic attributions for the sustainability initiatives. However, only the acknowledgment of a financial motive increased extrinsic attributions. These findings suggest that communicating regulatory compliance motivations for implementing a sustainability initiative has fewer negative implications for the perceived sincerity of the company than communicating corporate benefits.