bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water accelerated self-healing of hydrophobic copolymers
Authors: Davydovich Dmitriy , Urban Marek W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that copolymer compositions can significantly impact self-healing properties. This was accomplished by enhancement of van der Waals (vdW) forces which facilitate self-healing in relatively narrow copolymer compositional range. In this work we report the acceleration of self-healing in alternating/random hydrophobic acrylic-based copolymers in the presence of confined water molecules. Under these conditions competing vdW interactions do not allow H2O-diester H-bonding, thus forcing nBA side groups to adapt L-shape conformations, generating stronger dipole-dipole interactions resulting in shorter inter-chain distances compared to ‘key-and-lock’ associations without water. The perturbation of vdW forces upon mechanical damage in the presence of controllable amount of confined water is energetically unfavorable leading the enhancement of self-healing efficiency of hydrophobic copolymers by a factor of three. The concept may be applicable to other self-healing mechanisms involving reversible covalent bonding, supramolecular chemistry, or polymers with phase-separated morphologies.
In-plane uniaxial pressure-induced out-of-plane antiferromagnetic moment and critical fluctuations in BaFe2As2
Authors: Liu Panpan , Klemm Mason L. , Tian Long , Lu Xingye , Song Yu , Tam David W. , Schmalzl Karin , Park J. T. , Li Yu , Tan Guotai , Su Yixi , Bourdarot Frédéric , Zhao Yang , Lynn Jeffery W. , Birgeneau Robert J. , Dai Pengcheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA small in-plane external uniaxial pressure has been widely used as an effective method to acquire single domain iron pnictide BaFe2As2, which exhibits twin-domains without uniaxial strain below the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural (nematic) transition temperature Ts. Although it is generally assumed that such a pressure will not affect the intrinsic electronic/magnetic properties of the system, it is known to enhance the antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering temperature TN ( < Ts) and create in-plane resistivity anisotropy above Ts. Here we use neutron polarization analysis to show that such a strain on BaFe2As2 also induces a static or quasi-static out-of-plane (c-axis) AF order and its associated critical spin fluctuations near TN/Ts. Therefore, uniaxial pressure necessary to detwin single crystals of BaFe2As2 actually rotates the easy axis of the collinear AF order near TN/Ts, and such effects due to spin-orbit coupling must be taken into account to unveil the intrinsic electronic/magnetic properties of the system.
Laser scanning reflection-matrix microscopy for aberration-free imaging through intact mouse skull
Authors: Yoon Seokchan , Lee Hojun , Hong Jin Hee , Lim Yong-Sik , Choi Wonshik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA mouse skull is a barrier for high-resolution optical imaging because its thick and inhomogeneous internal structures induce complex aberrations varying drastically from position to position. Invasive procedures creating either thinned-skull or open-skull windows are often required for the microscopic imaging of brain tissues underneath. Here, we propose a label-free imaging modality termed laser scanning reflection-matrix microscopy for recording the amplitude and phase maps of reflected waves at non-confocal points as well as confocal points. The proposed method enables us to find and computationally correct up to 10,000 angular modes of aberrations varying at every 10 × 10 µm2 patch in the sample plane. We realized reflectance imaging of myelinated axons in vivo underneath an intact mouse skull, with an ideal diffraction-limited spatial resolution of 450 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrated through-skull two-photon fluorescence imaging of neuronal dendrites and their spines by physically correcting the aberrations identified from the reflection matrix.
Broadband random optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Ge Zengting , Hao Tengfei , Capmany José , Li Wei , Zhu Ninghua , Li Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRandom scattering of light in transmission media has attracted a great deal of attention in the field of photonics over the past few decades. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a microwave photonic system offering unbeatable features for the generation of microwave oscillations with ultra-low phase noise. Here, we combine the unique features of random scattering and OEO technologies by proposing an OEO structure based on random distributed feedback. Thanks to the random distribution of Rayleigh scattering caused by inhomogeneities within the glass structure of the fiber, we demonstrate the generation of ultra-wideband (up to 40 GHz from DC) random microwave signals in an open cavity OEO. The generated signals enjoy random characteristics, and their frequencies are not limited by a fixed cavity length figure. The proposed device has potential in many fields such as random bit generation, radar systems, electronic interference and countermeasures, and telecommunications.
A network-based approach to deciphering a dynamic microbiome’s response to a subtle perturbation
Authors: Shaw Grace Tzun-Wen , Liu An-Chi , Weng Chieh-Yin , Chen Yi-Chun , Chen Cheng-Yu , Weng Francis Cheng-Hsuan , Wang Daryi , Chou Chu-Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the past decades, one main issue that has emerged in ecological and environmental research is how losses in biodiversity influence ecosystem dynamics and functioning, and consequently human society. Although biodiversity is a common indicator of ecosystem functioning, it is difficult to measure biodiversity in microbial communities exposed to subtle or chronic environmental perturbations. Consequently, there is a need for alternative bioindicators to detect, measure, and monitor gradual changes in microbial communities against these slight, chronic, and continuous perturbations. In this study, microbial networks before and after subtle perturbations by adding S. acidaminiphila showed diverse topological niches and 4-node motifs in which microbes with co-occurrence patterns played the central roles in regulating and adjusting the intertwined relationships among microorganisms in response to the subtle environmental changes. This study demonstrates that microbial networks are a good bioindicator for chronic perturbation and should be applied in a variety of ecological investigations.
Clinical characteristics and disease progression of retinitis pigmentosa associated with PDE6B mutations in Korean patients
Authors: Kim You Na , Song Joon Seon , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Yoon Jeon , Yoon Young Hee , Seo Eul-Ju , Seol Chang Ahn , Lee Sae-Mi , Choi Jong-Moon , Seo Go Hun , Keum Changwon , Lee Beom Hee , Lee Joo Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the genotype–phenotype heterogeneity in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), molecular diagnoses and prediction of disease progression is difficult. This study aimed to report ocular and genetic data from Korean patients with PDE6B-associated RP (PDE6B-RP), and establish genotype–phenotype correlations to predict the clinical course. We retrospectively reviewed targeted next-generation sequencing or whole exome sequencing data for 305 patients with RP, and identified PDE6B-RP in 15 patients (median age, 40.0 years). Amongst these patients, ten previously reported PDE6B variants (c.1280G > A, c.1488del, c.1547T > C, c.1604T > A, c.1669C > T, c.1712C > T, c.2395C > T, c.2492C > T, c.592G > A, and c.815G > A) and one novel variant (c.712del) were identified. Thirteen patients (86.7%) experienced night blindness as the first symptom at a median age of 10.0 years. Median age at diagnosis was 21.0 years and median visual acuity (VA) was 0.20 LogMAR at the time of genetic analysis. Nonlinear mixed models were developed and analysis revealed that VA exponentially decreased over time, while optical coherence tomography parameters linearly decreased, and this was related with visual field constriction. A high proportion of patients with the c.1669C > T variant (7/9, 77.8%) had cystoid macular edema; despite this, patients with this variant did not show a higher rate of functional or structural progression. This study will help clinicians predict functional and structural progression in patients with PDE6B-RP.
In-vitro assessment of appropriate hydrophilic scaffolds by co-electrospinning of poly(1,4 cyclohexane isosorbide terephthalate)/polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Salam Abdul , Khan Muhammad Qamar , Hassan Tufail , Hassan Nafees , Nazir Ahsan , Hussain Tanveer , Azeem Musaddaq , Kim Ick Soo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTextile-based Scaffolds preparation has the attractive features to fulfill the stated and implied needs of the consumer but there are still challenges of stability, elongation, appreciable bio-compatibility, and stated hydrophilic behavior. To overcome these challenges, the authors tried to fabricate a scaffold by blending of two highly biocompatible polymers; polyvinyl alcohol and poly(1,4 cyclohexane isosorbide terephthalate) through co-electrospinning. The resultant scaffold by the stated innovative approach evaluated from different characterizations such as dimensional stability/morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, chemical interactions by that Fourier transmission infrared spectra, wetting behavior was analyzed by a static angle with a contact angle meter from drop method, elongation was examined by tensile strength tester and in-vitro assessment was done by MTT analysis. Based on verified results, it was concluded that PVA/PICT scaffold has a potential for dual nature of hydrophilicity & hydrophobicity and appreciable cell culture growth, stated dimensional stability and suitable elongation as per requirements of the nature of scaffold.
Identification of immune-related genes as prognostic factors in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhu Jie , Wang Han , Ma Ting , He Yan , Shen Meng , Song Wei , Wang Jing-Jing , Shi Jian-Ping , Wu Meng-Yao , Liu Chao , Wang Wen-Jie , Huang Yue-Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The immune response and immune cell infiltration play crucial roles in tumour progression. Immunotherapy has delivered breakthrough achievements in the past decade in bladder cancer. Differentially expressed genes and immune-related genes (DEIRGs) were identified by using the edgeR package. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for functional enrichment analysis of DEIRGs. Survival-associated IRGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. A prognostic model was established by univariate COX regression analysis, and verified by a validation prognostic model based on the GEO database. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score value for immune cell infiltration and clinicopathological analyses. A regulatory network of survival-associated IRGs and potential transcription factors was constructed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of survival-associated IRGs. Nomogram and ROC curve to verify the accuracy of the model. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression of relevant key genes in the prognostic model. A total of 259 differentially expressed IRGs were identified in the present study. KEGG pathway analysis of IRGs showed that the “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction” pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. Thirteen survival-associated IRGs were selected to establish a prognostic index for bladder cancer. In both TCGA prognostic model and GEO validation model, patients with high riskscore had worse prognosis compared to low riskscore group. A high infiltration level of macrophages was observed in high-risk patients. OGN, ELN, ANXA6, ILK and TGFB3 were identified as hub survival-associated IRGs in the network. EBF1, WWTR1, GATA6, MYH11, and MEF2C were involved in the transcriptional regulation of these survival-associated hub IRGs. The present study identified several survival-associated IRGs of clinical significance and established a prognostic index for bladder cancer outcome evaluation for the first time.
Recent and projected precipitation and temperature changes in the Grand Canyon area with implications for groundwater resources
Authors: Tillman Fred D , Gangopadhyay Subhrendu , Pruitt Tom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGroundwater is a critical resource in the Grand Canyon region, supplying nearly all water needs for residents and millions of visitors. Additionally, groundwater discharging at hundreds of spring locations in and near Grand Canyon supports important ecosystems in this mostly arid environment. The security of groundwater supplies is of critical importance for both people and ecosystems in the region and the potential for changes to groundwater systems from projected climate change is a cause for concern. In this study, we analyze recent historical and projected precipitation and temperature data for the Grand Canyon region. Projected climate scenarios are then used in Soil Water Balance groundwater infiltration simulations to understand the state-of-the-science on projected changes to groundwater resources in the area. Historical climate data from 1896 through 2019 indicate multi-decadal cyclical patterns in both precipitation and temperature for most of the time period. Since the 1970s, however, a significant rising trend in temperature is observed in the area. All 10-year periods since 1993 are characterized by both below average precipitation and above average temperature. Downscaled and bias-corrected precipitation and temperature output from 97 CMIP5 global climate models for the water-year 2020–2099 time period indicate projected precipitation patterns similar to recent historical (water-year 1951–2015) data. Projected temperature for the Grand Canyon area, however, is expected to rise by as much as 3.4 °C by the end of the century, relative to the recent historical average. Integrating the effects of projected precipitation and temperature changes on groundwater infiltration, simulation results indicate that > 76% of future decades will experience average potential groundwater infiltration less than that of the recent historical period.
Identification and quantitation of the actual active components in bamboo juice and its oral liquid by NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Gao Quan , Wang Detao , Shao Siyue , Xue Yingying , Zhang Yingfang , Chen Chen , Tang Feng , Sun Jia , Li Yansu , Guo Qirong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBamboo juice is a traditional Chinese drink and herbal medicine, and bamboo juice oral liquids are widely sold for the treatment of cough and phlegm in China. In this study, 26 main compounds of bamboo juice (Phyllostachys edulis) were separated, precisely identified, and qualitative analysis using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and quantitative analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer), respectively. Potentially harmful levels of added excessive preservatives, including benzoic acid, ethylparaben, and sorbic acid, were found in bamboo juice oral liquid. Carbohydrates were determined to be the major components of bamboo juice, with contents as high as 191.13 g L−1, far higher than those of other compounds. The result indicated that the cough relief activity of bamboo juice oral liquid may be related to their high levels of added preservatives.
Arsenic mobilization by anaerobic iron-dependent methane oxidation
Authors: Glodowska Martyna , Stopelli Emiliano , Schneider Magnus , Rathi Bhasker , Straub Daniel , Lightfoot Alex , Kipfer Rolf , Berg Michael , Jetten Mike , Kleindienst Sara , Kappler Andreas ,   AdvectAs Team Members, Glodowska M. , Kappler A. , Kleindienst S. , Cirpka O. A. , Rathi B. , Lightfoot A. , Stopelli E. , Berg M. , Kipfer R. , Winkel L. , Schneider M. , Eiche E. , Kontny A. , Neumann T. , Viet Pham Hung , Pham Trang , Vu D. , Lan Vi Mai , Tran Mai , Nga Viet , Prommer H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArsenic groundwater contamination threatens the health of millions of people worldwide, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. In most cases, the release of arsenic from sediment was caused by microbial reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron(III) minerals with organic carbon being used as microbial electron donor. Although in many arsenic-contaminated aquifers high concentrations of methane were observed, its role in arsenic mobilization is unknown. Here, using microcosms experiments and hydrogeochemical and microbial community analyses, we demonstrate that methane functions as electron donor for methanotrophs, triggering the reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron(III) minerals, increasing the abundance of genes related to methane oxidation, and ultimately mobilizing arsenic into the water. Our findings provide evidence for a methane-mediated mechanism for arsenic mobilization that is distinct from previously described pathways. Taking this together with the common presence of methane in arsenic-contaminated aquifers, we suggest that this methane-driven arsenic mobilization may contribute to arsenic contamination of groundwater on a global scale.
More meteorological events that drive compound coastal flooding are projected under climate change
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Zappa Giuseppe , Hodges Kevin , Shepherd Theodore G. , Maraun Douglas , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Feyen Luc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompound flooding arises from storms causing concurrent extreme meteorological tides (that is the superposition of storm surge and waves) and precipitation. This flooding can severely affect densely populated low-lying coastal areas. Here, combining output from climate and ocean models, we analyse the concurrence probability of the meteorological conditions driving compound flooding. We show that, under a high emissions scenario, the concurrence probability would increase globally by more than 25% by 2100 compared to present. In latitudes above 40onorth, compound flooding could become more than 2.5 times as frequent, in contrast to parts of the subtropics where it would weaken. Changes in extreme precipitation and meteorological tides account for most (77% and 20%, respectively) of the projected change in concurrence probability. The evolution of the dependence between precipitation and meteorological tide dominates the uncertainty in the projections. Our results indicate that not accounting for these effects in adaptation planning could leave coastal communities insufficiently protected against flooding.
Uncooled CMOS fully integrated antenna‐coupled terahertz thermal detector
Authors: Wang Xu 
Published: November 2020

In this Letter, an uncooled monolithic resonant terahertz (THz) thermal detector using a standard 55 nm CMOS technology is presented. The detector is constructed by the integration of a loop antenna loaded with a polysilicon resistor and a proportional to absolute temperature sensor, which is used as a temperature‐sensitive device. An overview of the design considerations, as well as the comparatively better characterisation results are demonstrated in detail. A high‐temperature coefficient of voltage (TCVD) of 10.11 mV/°C, a maximum responsivity of 48.67 V/W, and a minimum noise equivalent power of 1.22 μW/Hz0.5 for the thermal detector are measured at the optimal operating point of 2.58 THz.
Immunologic Treatments of Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Authors: Culler George W. , VanHaerents Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn autoimmune etiology for seizures, epilepsy, and status epilepticus is becoming increasingly recognized. The role of autoimmunity in epilepsy has been highlighted in the literature and the International League Against Epilepsy now recognizes autoimmune epilepsy as a distinct entity. An appropriate and thorough work-up of all new-onset seizures and status epilepticus is paramount in determining the likely efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in treating seizures and status epilepticus. Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune mediated epilepsy and encephalitis have been published by expert consensus and validated models to predict response to immunotherapy exist. These guidelines should guide clinicians about when to promptly start immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes and may reduce relapse rates in autoimmune encephalitis. Treatment algorithms with immunotherapeutic agents have been established by expert opinion and multiple observational retrospective trials in the past 10 years. However, future prospective randomized controlled trials are still needed to better understand the optimal regimen, dosing schedule, and duration of treatment with immunotherapeutic agents.
Welfare chauvinism in times of labour market segmentation: how different employment contracts moderate the impact of welfare chauvinism on support for radical right parties
Authors: Im Zhen Jie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI examine how different employment contracts moderate the impact of welfare chauvinist preferences on radical right support. Welfare chauvinism has become a cornerstone of radical right’s nativist electoral programme. Yet, there are mixed findings on how welfare chauvinist preferences affect radical right support. While some studies find a positive association, others find little correlation. One reason for such ambiguity is: voters who support welfare chauvinism may prioritise other competing issue preferences. They may thus vote for other parties, even if such parties do not offer welfare chauvinist programmes. From this perspective, the crucial question is: under what conditions do voters who support welfare chauvinism prefer the radical right? Among other reasons, I argue that they may do so when they experience economic risk from insecure employment contracts. Differences in employment protection legislation strictness for different employment contracts yield differences in employment security for these different contracts. Using cross-national data from the European Social Survey (Rounds 1 and 7), I find that employed workers, who support welfare chauvinism and have temporary contracts, vote most for radical right parties. I regard this finding as evidence that voters supporting welfare chauvinism prefer radical right parties under conditions of employment insecurity.
La red polisémica denegro
Authors: Soto Nieto Almudena 
Published: November 2020

ResumenEl principal objetivo del artículo es describir el carácter polisémico del término cromático españolnegroy presentar esta unidad léxica como una categoría radial constituida por diferentes sentidos relacionados entre sí, así como también destacar el papel protagonista de la metonimia tanto en la motivación como en la conexión de los sentidos. El estudio se estructura de la siguiente manera: (i) exposición de las principales características de la semántica cognitiva y su concepción de la polisemia (ii) descripción de la motivación de cada una de las extensiones semánticas asociadas al término cromático, y (iii) trazado de la red radial del términonegroque lo estructura como categoría polisémica y presentación de la relación que se establece entre ellas a partir de la metonimia y la metáfora. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se ha aplicado una metodología basada en corpus que permite obtener muestras de uso real del término cromático, así como acceder a la información lingüística y contextual que interviene en la activación y distinción de sentidos. En cuanto a la motivación y relación entre ellos, el estudio se realiza de acuerdo a la TCMM.