bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of class peer‐review under varied multiple review designs: A teaching method with homeschooling format
Authors: Friedrich Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn times of pandemic‐related university shutdowns and a shift of teaching to homeschooling, alternative educational methods are more in demand than ever. The class peer‐review (CPR) method offers the opportunity for students to evaluate each other and share knowledge during their private learning time. This study reports on a CPR which was conducted out‐of‐class with 39 students in Business Management. Participants were asked to write an essay about a case on Marketing and then conduct two reviews. Subsequently, the difference between reviews in the same topic of the own manuscript or in two different exam‐relevant subjects was investigated and the effect on exam performance and participants’ attitude was measured. The results showed that the final grades after CPR with thematically similar reviews were on average better than those of the comparison group. This was due to the fact that the reviews were more critical and technically more profound and generated a greater amount of knowledge among the authors. Carrying out several reviews in other subject areas led to a higher self‐assessment of knowledge uptake, but was too superficial for the exam. If the learning objective is more of a narrowly defined and in‐depth topic area, a CPR out‐of‐class with two to three reviews in the manuscript's own topic is recommended, in order to generate the highest possible level of knowledge for others as well as for oneself.
Pyridinic Nanographenes by Novel Precursor Design
Authors: Reger David , Schöll Kilian , Hampel Frank , Maid Harald , Jux Norbert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work we present the solution‐synthesis of pyridine analogues to hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)—which might be called superpyridines—via a novel precursor design. The key step in our strategy was the pre‐formation of the C−C bonds between the 3/3’ positions of the pyridine and the adjacent phenyl rings—bonds that are otherwise unreactive and difficult to close under Scholl‐conditions. Apart from the synthesis of the parent compound we show that classical pyridine chemistry, namely oxidation, N‐alkylation and metal‐coordination is applicable to the π‐extended analogue. Furthermore, we present basic physical chemical characterizations of the newly synthesized molecules. With this novel synthetic strategy, we hope to unlock the pyridine chemistry of nanographenes.
Development and validation of a quantitative electron microscopy score to assess acute cellular stress in the human exocrine pancreas
Authors: Kattner Nicole , Dyson Nicola , Bury Yvonne , Tiniakos Dina , White Kathryn , Davey Tracey , Eliasson Lena , Tindale Lynn , Wagner Bart E , Honkanen‐Scott Minna , Doyle Jennifer , Ploeg Rutger J , Shaw James AM , Scott William E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pancreas is particularly sensitive to acute cellular stress, but this has been difficult to evaluate using light microscopy. Pancreatic ischaemia associated with deceased organ donation negatively impacts whole‐organ and isolated‐islet transplantation outcomes. Post‐mortem changes have also hampered accurate interpretation of ante‐mortem pancreatic pathology. A rigorous histological scoring system accurately quantifying ischaemia is required to experimentally evaluate innovations in organ preservation and to increase rigour in clinical/research evaluation of underlying pancreatic pathology. We developed and validated an unbiased electron microscopy (EM) score of acute pancreatic exocrine cellular stress in deceased organ donor cohorts (development [n = 28] and validation [n = 16]). Standardised assessment led to clearly described numerical scores (0–3) for nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and intracellular vacuolisation; with a maximum (worst) aggregate total score of 12. In the Validation cohort, a trend towards higher scores was observed for tail versus head regions (nucleus score following donation after brainstem death [DBD]: head 0.67 ± 0.19; tail 0.86 ± 0.11; p = 0.027) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) versus DBD (mitochondrial score: DCD (head + tail) 2.59 ± 0.16; DBD (head + tail) 2.38 ± 0.21; p = 0.004). Significant mitochondrial changes were seen ubiquitously even with short cold ischaemia, whereas nuclear and vacuolisation changes remained mild even after prolonged ischaemia. ER score correlated with cold ischaemia time (CIT) following DBD (pancreatic tail region: r = 0.796; p = 0.018). No relationships between CIT and EM scores were observed following DCD. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a novel EM score providing standardised quantitative assessment of subcellular ultrastructural morphology in pancreatic acinar cells. This provides a robust novel tool for gold standard measurement of acute cellular stress in studies evaluating surrogate measures of peri‐transplant ischaemia, organ preservation technologies and in samples obtained for detailed pathological examination of underlying pancreatic pathology.
Predictors of dental complications post‐dental treatment in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Gusmini Monica Amorim Da Silva , De Sa Anny Clementino , Feng Changyong , Arany Szilvia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to explore potential medical or dental indicators associated with dental complications and the utilization of emergency services in sickle cell disease (SCD), especially that clinical reports on adverse outcomes post‐dental treatment are scarce.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of dental treatments of 47 eligible adults with confirmed SCD between May 2016 and October 2019. Logistic regression analysis was used whether clinical outcomes, course of dental treatment, and regularity of dental care are associated with dental complications after dental procedures and/or resulted in emergency care or hospital admissions.ResultsWe identified a new, statistically significant association (p‐value = .01) between the number of prescription medications taken and complications (10%) after dental procedures. The most frequent dental procedures were tooth extractions (36%) and pain management (28%) during a non‐scheduled dental encounter (68%). The majority of cases did not participate in regular recall exams and periodical oral hygiene maintenance.ConclusionsA higher number of prescription medications was associated with an increased risk of post‐dental complications in SCD patients. A thorough medical history, including a list of prescribed medications, and collaboration with the patient medical team are important to assess the risk of complications post‐dental procedures and the need for antibiotic prophylaxis according to the case complexity.
Quantitative trait loci for stem strength properties and lodging in two pea biparental mapping populations
Authors: Gawłowska Magdalena , Knopkiewicz Michał , Święcicki Wojciech , Boros Lech , Wawer Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLodging is the major factor that determines whether pea (Pisum sativum L.) can be mechanically harvested. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between stem mechanical parameters (diameter, stem wall thickness, stiffness [rigidity], and maximum self‐weight moment [stem strength]) and lodging in pea. Three years of data on stem mechanical parameters and 2 yr of data on lodging resistance were collected on the ‘Carneval’ × ‘MP1401’ pea cultivars and Wt10245 × Wt11238 lines. Mechanical parameters were measured separately for three stem sections: lower, middle, and upper. Nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with stem mechanical parameters were identified in the Carneval × MP1401 genetic map. Eight QTL associated with stem mechanical parameters were identified in the Wt10245 × Wt11238 genetic map. These results confirmed QTL for lodging resistance found previously, especially in regards to located in chr5LG3 close to the A004 marker. Quantitative trait loci for stem diameter and stem strength of the upper and lower stem colocated with the Rfs marker in chr5LG3. A plant height QTL was detected close to AB141 marker, 2 cM (3.3 Mbp) from the Le gene. These results enable identification of pea genomic regions associated with agriculturally important traits and provide a foundation for further research to improve lodging resistance in pea.
Moving the dial on prenatal stress mechanisms of neurodevelopmental vulnerability to mental health problems: A personalized prevention proof of concept
Authors: Wakschlag Lauren S. , Tandon Darius , Krogh‐Jespersen Sheila , Petitclerc Amelie , Nielsen Ashley , Ghaffari Rhoozbeh , Mithal Leena , Bass Michael , Ward Erin , Berken Jonathan , Fareedi Elveena , Cummings Peter , Mestan Karen , Norton Elizabeth S. , Grobman William , Rogers John , Moskowitz Judith , Alshurafa Nabil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrenatal stress exposure increases vulnerability to virtually all forms of psychopathology. Based on this robust evidence base, we propose a “Mental Health, Earlier” paradigm shift for prenatal stress research, which moves from the documentation of stress‐related outcomes to their prevention, with a focus on infant neurodevelopmental indicators of vulnerability to subsequent mental health problems. Achieving this requires an expansive team science approach. As an exemplar, we introduce the Promoting Healthy Brain Project (PHBP), a randomized trial testing the impact of the Wellness‐4‐2 personalized prenatal stress‐reduction intervention on stress‐related alterations in infant neurodevelopmental trajectories in the first year of life. Wellness‐4‐2 utilizes bio‐integrated stress monitoring for just‐in‐time adaptive intervention. We highlight unique challenges and opportunities this novel team science approach presents in synergizing expertise across predictive analytics, bioengineering, health information technology, prevention science, maternal–fetal medicine, neonatology, pediatrics, and neurodevelopmental science. We discuss how innovations across many areas of study facilitate this personalized preventive approach, using developmentally sensitive brain and behavioral methods to investigate whether altering children's adverse gestational exposures, i.e., maternal stress in the womb, can improve their mental health outlooks. In so doing, we seek to propel developmental SEED research towards preventive applications with the potential to reduce the pernicious effect of prenatal stress on neurodevelopment, mental health, and wellbeing.
Evolution of habitat preference in 243 species of Bent‐toed geckos (GenusCyrtodactylusGray, 1827) with a discussion of karst habitat conservation
Authors: Grismer L. Lee , Wood Perry L. , Le Minh Duc , Quah Evan S. H. , Grismer Jesse L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that underpin adaptive evolutionary shifts within major taxonomic groups has long been a research directive among many evolutionary biologists. Such phenomena are best studied in large monophyletic groups that occupy a broad range of habitats where repeated exposure to novel ecological opportunities has happened independently over time in different lineages. The gekkonid genusCyrtodactylusis just such a lineage with approximately 300 species that range from South Asia to Melanesia and occupy a vast array of habitats. Ancestral state reconstructions using a stochastic character mapping analysis of nine different habitat preferences were employed across a phylogeny composed of 76% of the known species ofCyrtodactylus. This was done in order to ascertain which habitat preference is the ancestral condition and from that condition, the transition frequency to more derived habitat preferences. The results indicate that a general habitat preference is the ancestral condition forCyrtodactylusand the frequency of transitioning from a general habitat preference to anything more specialized occurs approximately four times more often than the reverse. Species showing extreme morphological and/or ecological specializations generally do not give rise to species bearing other habitat preferences. The evolution of different habitat preferences is generally restricted to clades that tend to occur in specific geographic regions. The largest radiations in the genus occur in rocky habitats (granite and karst), indicating that the transition from a general habitat preference to a granite or karst‐dwelling life style may be ecologically uncomplicated. Two large, unrelated clades of karst‐associated species are centered in northern Indochina and the largest clade of granite‐associated species occurs on the Thai‐Malay Peninsula. Smaller, independent radiations of clades bearing other habitat preferences occur throughout the tree and across the broad distribution of the genus. With the exception of a general habitat preference, the data show that karst‐associated species far out‐number all others (29.6% vs. 0.4%–10.2%, respectively) and the common reference to karstic regions as “imperiled arcs of biodiversity” is not only misleading but potentially dangerous. Karstic regions are not simply refugia harboring the remnants of local biodiversity but are foci of speciation thatcontinueto generate the most speciose, independent, radiations across the genus. Unfortunately, karstic landscapes are some of the most imperiled and least protected habitats on the planet and these data continue to underscore the urgent need for their conservation.
Recurrent autoimmune myocarditis in a young woman during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Caraffa Raphael , Marcolongo Renzo , Bottio Tomaso , Rizzo Stefania , Bifulco Olimpia , Bagozzi Lorenzo , D'Onofrio Augusto , Caforio Alida L.P. , Jorgji Vjola , Basso Cristina , Gerosa Gino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a unique case of a young woman with recurrent immune‐mediated (virus‐negative) lymphocytic fulminant myocarditis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. At the first endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)‐proven episode, she had concomitant pneumonia, and a temporary biventricular assist device implant was followed by complete and long‐lasting cardiac recovery. Five years later, she was re‐admitted for relapsing cardiogenic shock with a recent history of pneumonia. She was treated with extracorporeal life support with apical venting for left ventricular unloading, and full recovery was achieved. Despite negative seriate nasopharyngeal swabs and EMB during hospitalization, an antibody positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was discovered after 4 weeks from discharge. This is the first report of an EMB‐proven, immune‐mediated (virus‐negative) recurrence of fulminant myocarditis. We hypothesize that in patients with a predisposing immunogenetic background, autoimmune disease may be triggered or reactivated by major infections, for example, pneumonia, that may act as adjuvants leading to an immune‐mediated hyper‐response.
Skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure with diabetes: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidence
Authors: Wood Nathanael , Straw Sam , Scalabrin Mattia , Roberts Lee D. , Witte Klaus K. , Bowen Thomas Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo highly prevalent and growing global diseases impacted by skeletal muscle atrophy are chronic heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The presence of either condition increases the likelihood of developing the other, with recent studies revealing a large and relatively poorly characterized clinical population of patients with coexistent HF and DM (HFDM). HFDM results in worse symptoms and poorer clinical outcomes compared with DM or HF alone, and cardiovascular‐focused disease‐modifying agents have proven less effective in HFDM indicating a key role of the periphery. This review combines current clinical knowledge and basic biological mechanisms to address the critical emergence of skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with HFDM as a key driver of symptoms. We discuss how the degree of skeletal muscle wasting in patients with HFDM is likely underpinned by a variety of mechanisms that include mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipotoxicity. Given many atrophic triggers (e.g. ubiquitin proteasome/autophagy/calpain activity and supressed IGF1‐Akt‐mTORC1 signalling) are linked to increased production of reactive oxygen species, we speculate that a higher pro‐oxidative state in HFDM could be a unifying mechanism that promotes accelerated fibre atrophy. Overall, our proposal is that patients with HFDM represent a unique clinical population, prompting a review of treatment strategies including further focus on elucidating potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of muscle atrophy in these distinct patients.
Voltammetric Sensing of Caffeine in Food Sample Using Cu‐MOF and Graphene
Authors: Venkadesh A. , Mathiyarasu J. , Radhakrishnan S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCu‐MOF/graphene composite were obtained by solvothermal and electrochemical methods. The interaction and formation of Cu‐MOF/graphene (GE) composite was systematically studied with the support of various characterizations including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The Cu‐MOF/graphene composite coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode exhibited good catalytic performance towards the electro‐oxidation of caffeine in neutral condition. The modified electrode displayed good linear range (5 μM to 450 μM), sensitivity (0.710 μA μM−1 cm−2), detection limit (1.38 μM), selectivity, high stability and reproducibility. Finally, the fabricated electrode extended into successful detection of caffeine in tea and coffee samples with good recoveries.
Thermal behavior of lithium‐ion battery in microgrid application: Impact and management system
Authors: Hasani Azri H. , Mansor Muhamad , Kumaran Vigna , Zuhdi Ahmad W. M. , Ying Yong J. , Hannan Mahammad Abdul , Hamid Fazrena A. , Rahman Muhamad S. A. , Salim Nur A. 
Published: November 2020

SummarySafe and reliable operation is among the considerations when integrating lithium‐ion batteries as the energy storage system in microgrids. A lithium‐ion battery is very sensitive to temperature in which it is one of the critical factors affecting the performance and limiting the practical application of the battery. Furthermore, the adverse effects differ according to the temperature. The susceptibility of lithium‐ion battery to temperature imposes the need to deploy an efficient battery thermal management system to ensure the safe operation of the battery while at the same time maximizing its performance and life cycle. To design a good thermal management system, accurate temperature measurement is vital to assist the battery thermal management system in managing relevant states such as the stage‐of‐charge and state‐of‐health of the battery. This article outlines the effects of low and high temperatures on the performance of Li‐ion batteries. Next, a review of currently available internal temperature monitoring approaches is presented based on their feasibility and complexity. Then, an overview of battery thermal management systems based on different cooling mediums is presented. This includes air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM) cooling, heat pipe cooling, boiling‐based cooling, and solid‐state cooling. The final section of this article discusses the practical implementation of the internal temperature measurement approach and battery thermal management system for microgrids. From the review, a suitable candidate is the flexible, low maintenance, and long lifetime hybrid battery thermal management system that combines heat pipe cooling and solid‐state cooling. It is capable of maintaining the maximum operating temperature of the battery within 45°C at up to 3C discharge rate while being a relatively simple system. Additionally, passive PCM with thermally conductive filler can also be employed to assist the hybrid battery thermal management system in improving the temperature uniformity well within 5°C.
Safety evaluation of high‐dose intake of casein‐derived peptide Met‐Lys‐Pro in healthy adults: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Yuda Naoki , Tanaka Miyuki , Tokushima Masahiko , Abe Fumiaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMet‐Lys‐Pro (MKP) is a casein‐derived angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptide with the potential to cross the blood–brain barrier. It has shown preventive effects against high blood pressure (BP) and cognitive decline in animal models and human studies. MKP shows good water solubility and can be blended into a variety of foods. However, its ease of intake may contribute to the possibility of overdose. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety of high‐dose intake of MKP in healthy adults by conducting a randomized controlled trial with 30 subjects. Participants were randomly allocated to the MKP (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) group. Over 4 weeks, the MKP group received test powder containing a daily dose of 1,000 μg of MKP, five times the minimum effective dose for cognitive improvement, whereas the placebo group received dextrin powder containing no detectable MKP. No clinical problems were observed in anthropometric and BP measurements or in blood and urine parameters. No adverse events owing to MKP intake were observed. These findings suggest that consumption of MKP is safe, and that it may be applicable as a safe preventive measure against hypertension and cognitive decline in future.
Breast cancer histopathology image classification using kernelized weighted extreme learning machine
Authors: Saxena Shweta , Shukla Sanyam , Gyanchandani Manasi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistopathology is considered as the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer. Traditional machine learning (ML) algorithm provides a promising performance for cancer diagnosis if the training dataset is balanced. Nevertheless, if the training dataset is imbalanced the performance of the ML model is skewed toward the majority class. It may pose a problem for the pathologist because if the benign sample is misclassified as malignant, then a pathologist could make a misjudgment about the diagnosis. A limited investigation has been done in literature for solving the class imbalance problem in computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer using histopathology. This work proposes a hybrid ML model to solve the class imbalance problem. The proposed model employs pretrained ResNet50 and the kernelized weighted extreme learning machine for CAD of breast cancer using histopathology. The breast cancer histopathological images are obtained from publicly available BreakHis and BisQue datasets. The proposed method achieved a reasonable performance for the classification of the minority as well as the majority class instances. In comparison, the proposed approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art ML models implemented in previous studies using the same training‐testing folds of the publicly accessible BreakHis dataset.