bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the use of law to preserve morals and lives in same sex marriage situation in Nigeria
Authors: Ehiemua Gloria Faith 
Published: October 2020

The law prohibiting Same Sex Marriage in Nigeria is criticised for denying same sex people the right to marry and certain basic freedoms as heterosexuals. Bias against same sex practice is propelled by religious and cultural beliefs on marriage as between opposite sexes. However, perceive threat to continuity and survival of the kinship system furthers non- acceptance of same sex people in society. Although it is widely stipulated that the Nigerian government’s decision to criminalise same sex relationships is solely hinged to respect for traditional cum religious values, this work agrees with Mills, Hart and Devlin that, harm to others is the only justifiable ground for limiting rights considered, inalienable to human beings. An objective examination of the Nigerian same sex marriage situation reveals religious intolerance and violent extremism as factors capable of invoking crisis and acts of terrorism in same sex issues as such, the work views the need to protect lives and national security as sufficient grounds for limiting the right to marry and freedom of association between same sex people. Using the duty-rights approach, it shows how several laws which are standards in society can conflict and result in contrasting duties that become a problem for the agent which cannot carry out both duties at the same time. It holds that State’s interest to secure national integrity and lives cannot be compromised on the ground of rights.
Keywords: Same Sex Marriage, Morality, Rights, Religious Intolerance, Violent Extremism
Authentic personhood in traditional Igbo-African thought
Authors: Obioha Uwaezuoke Precious 
Published: October 2020

The precarious nature of human life and the general social disorder that characterise human society is a human creation. A good human community requisite for human well-being is equally not natural but man-made. This type of community is made possible by the conscious, deliberate and conscientious efforts and activities of good persons or what I have called ‘Authentic Personhood’ in this discourse. This paper therefore, discusses the notion of authentic personhood in traditional Igbo thought and argues that the qualities and values of authentic personhood create the wholesome human relations and environment necessary for social cohesion and human well-being. The paper further claims that the Igbo traditional notion of authentic personhood is better than the Western conception of personhood in this respect and can therefore serve as a cure to most of the ills of our modern society if well understood, and rightly applied in human interactions and general social engineering.
Keywords: Personhood, Community, Values, Well-Being, Igbo, Authentic
Rethinking terrorism financing and democracy in Africa: The Nigeria case
Authors: Nkwede Friday E. , Nkwede Joseph O. , Ogbonna Bigben C. 
Published: October 2020

Terrorism financing has become a threat to humanity and democracy in Africa. Most terrorist organizations in Africa need money to carry out their massacre activities, which threatens African democracy, political stability, and economic development. The wave of terrorism activities and terrorism financing in Africa have remained a major cause for concern. The pervasive widespread of terrorist attacks seem to have defile all situations. Apparently, in Nigeria, terrorist attack reports have become a daily menu. The lethal killings by Boko Haram in Nigeria can be likened to the era of the Nigerian Civil war. This paper therefore, compares and contrasts the terrorism financing vis-à-vis the nascent democracy in Africa with a focus on Nigerian cases of Boko Haram. Terrorism financing misrepresents democratic growth and economic development in Africa, which brought about a rise in terrorist widespread and negative financial growth and progress in Nigeria and Africa. The multi-dimensional of terrorist financing has brought difficulties to trace terrorist funds due to legitimize illegal sourcing of funds to terrorist accounts. The paper finds that the current wave of terrorism financing have made African democracy unstable and pathetically feeble.
Keywords: Terrorism, financing, security, democracy
Online Education: Benefits, Challenges and Strategies During and After COVID-19 in Higher Education
Authors: Paudel Pitambar 
Published: October 2020

The pandemic COVID-19 has forcefully shifted the mode of teaching and learning from only face to face to online in the higher education of Nepal, which is new experiences and practices for many of the teachers and students. In this context, this study investigated teachers’ and learners’ perspectives on online education in relation to its benefits, challenges and strategies during and after COVID-19 in higher education of Nepal. To achieve this objective, online survey research design was employed. Survey questionnaire were used in the study to determine the perspectives of 280 teachers and students from five universities of Nepal. The results showed that the participants experienced online education beneficial primarily for promoting online research, connecting the practitioners to the global community and getting huge and authentic resource of knowledge though they have found time-management skills, more freedom to the teachers and learners, and reliable internet at workplace as the extreme challenges. The research also revealed time management skills, technological prepared and computer literate are the basic qualities for the practitioners who want to have online education. The participants suggested that ICT policy should be clear and courses should be developed accordingly. Only online mode of teaching and learning in the context of Nepal cannot be effective so the participants preferred blended learning. The findings of the research indicated that online education can be an alternative means of traditional education. Thus, if blended approach is implemented, the education process would be more effective and successful in the contexts like Nepal.
Título en español.
Authors: R. E. McDowell  , H. Cestero  , J. D. Rivera-Anaya  , M. Soldevila  , F. Román-García  , J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú  
Published: October 2020

Doscientas ochenta y dos vacas completaron una o más lactancias en pastoreo exclusivo (T1); o pastoreo más suplementos de miel (T2), maíz molido (T3), concentrado comercial abundante (T4), concentrado comercial suficiente (T5) y urea más miel (T6). La suplementación para los tratamientos T2, T3, T5, y T6 ; se ofreció a razón de una libra por cada dos libras de leche producida en exceso de 22 libras por día y para el tratamiento T4 a razón de una libra de concentrado por cada dos libras de leche producida, independientemente del volumen de producción. En todos los grupos cada vaca pastó una cuerda de pastos de Estrella, Pangola o Guinea bien abonados, en una región húmeda de Puerto Rico. Mientras las vacas estaban secas sólo se alimentaron de pastoreo. El nacimiento de los becerros ocurrió durante el período de octubre de 1969 a febrero de 1974. Tanto la temperatura como la lluvia fueron adecuadas para el crecimiento normal de las yerbas durante todo el año. La producción media de leche y grasa, basada en los registros adjustados de nacimiento para edad y mes, fue: 6,91 2 y 245; 8,005 y 275; 8,080 y 284; 9,861 y 335; 9,300 y 315, y 8,424 y 286 libras para los tratamientos T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, y T6, respectivamente. Los efectos para tratamientos fueron significativos al nivel del 5% para duración de la lactancia, producción de leche y grasa y peso corporal final, pero no significativo para el porcentaje de grasa, aumento de peso o medidas de eficiencia en cruces de animales. Los pesos medios de los animales sometidos a los distintos tratamientos no difirieron significativamente. La eficiencia en cruzamientos en cuanto a intervalos entre el parto y el primer estro y entre partos fue menor que el promedio en pastoreo exclusivo (T1) y que en suplemento alto (T4). Cuando se adjustaron las producciones de leche a producciones esperadas por vaca por año, las ganancias sobre pastoreo solo fueron 20.2, 21.4, 42.0, 39.0 y 33.3% para los tratamientos T2, T3, T4, T5, y T6, respectivamente. De estos resultados se determina que, los niveles medianos, pero no los altos, de alimentación suplementaria en vacas en producción y consumiendo forrajes tropicales de alto valor nutritivo son económicamente factibles.
Título en español.
Authors: A. Sotomayor-Ríos  
Published: October 2020

Doce selecciones de maíz (híbridos y selecciones) se sembraron en el mismo lugar durante las siguientes fechas: 5 de noviembre de 1975 (cosecha 1); 21 de abril de 1976 (cosecha 2) y 13 de agosto de 1976 (cosecha 3). Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en la finca experimental de Isabela del Instituto Mayagüezano de Agricultura Tropical del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Las 12 selecciones de maíz fueron las siguientes: híbridos Pioneer 304C, 3068, 105A; DeKalb B-660 y B-666; selecciones de PR-Mp4, PRMo2, PR-3, PR-Mo2 x PR-3, y las variedades nativas Diente de Caballo y Mayorbela. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones. Los resultados indican que: 1) los días transcurridos desde la siembra a la mitad de la floracion fueron similares para las cosechas 1 y 3, pero las plantas fueron mas precoces en la cosecha 2; 2) el peso prueba (kg/hl) medio descendio de la cosecha 1 a la 3; 3) la infección causada por Bipolaris maydis fue, en promedio, similar en las cosechas 1 y 2; 4) el mejor productor en las tres cosechas fue Pioneer 305C con 5975, 4103 y 3729 kg/ha, respectivamente. La producción media de las 12 selecciones fue de 4598, 3180 y 2523 kg/ha para las cosechas 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente; 5) el nematoclo principal, al finalizar la tercera cosecha, fue Pratylenchus zeae; 6) el híbrido Pioneer 304C, el mejor productor en las tres cosechas, arrojó el segundo número menor de nematodos por 250 cm3 de suelo; 7) la selección PR-3 y el híbrido PR-Mo2 x PR-3 arrojaron la infestación más alta de nematodos con 1040 y 1232 por cm3 de suelo; 8) existe una buena posibilidad de que la pobre producción que se observo en las cosechas 2 y 3 pueda atribuirse a la infección de nematodos antes mencionada. Este estudio demostró, además, que es posible lograr tres cosechas de maíz en el mismo lugar con producciones sobre 13,000 kg/ha. La variedad nativa Diente de Caballo fue una de las cinco mejores productoras al totalizar las tres cosechas, con 11,307 kg/ha.
Título en español.
Authors: Carmen I. Asencio  , Arturo Cedeño-Maldonado  
Published: October 2020

Concentraciones bajas de cadmio inhiben las reacciones envueltas en el transporte de electrones y la fijación de CO2 por cloroplastos aislados. La fijación de CO2 es más sensitiva al Cd que el transporte de electrones. La incubación previa en oscuridad aumenta el grado de toxicidad del Cd a ambas reacciones. La anhidrasa carbónica, enzima asociada con la fijación de CO2 es muy sensitiva al Cd cuando este se aplica directamente a preparaciones parcialmente purificadas de la enzima o cuando se obtienen preparaciones de la enzima de cloroplastos intactos previamente expuestos a Cd. A concentraciones bajas de Cd el grado de inhibición es mucho mayor que el observado en las otras reacciones estudiadas, dependientes del transporte de electrones. Se interpretan estos resultados como evidencia de que la anhidrasa carbónica es uno de los sitios más sensitivos a la acción del Cd en cloroplastos aislados.
Título en español
Authors: Edelmiro J. Rodríguez-Sosa  , Orlando Parsi-Ros  , Miguel A. González  
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la retención de bióxido de azufre (SO2) por el ñame Habanero (Dioscorea rotundata) en las distintas etapas del enlatado de este vegetal. El bióxido de azufre se usa comúnmente para inhibir el pardeamiento, tanto en frutas como en hortalizas mientras se elaboran. Se utilizó una solución de 4000 ppm en la cual se sumergieron los pedazos de ñame a diferentes niveles de pH y períodos de immersión. Se encontró que la absorción de SO2 aumentó al prolongar la inmersión. La absorción fue mayor cuando el pH de la solución fue de 3.0. Sin embargo, el nivel de S02 bajó considerablemente luego de escaldar los pedazos de ñame a 200° F (93.3° C) por 10 min. El ñame fue enlatado en salmuera y examinado para acidez y color 15 días después. Tambien se determinaron la acidez, turbidez y pH de la salmuera. La acidez de los pedazos de ñame fue más alta que la de la salmuera. Los ñames enlatados tendieron a oscurecerse cuando se hirvieron en agua por 10 min. Los valores medias de pH y de turbidez fueron de 5.51 y 35.75 respectivamente.
Título en español
Authors: V. P. Vicente  , J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú  , J. A. Rivera  
Published: October 2020

Se describe la composición química de las hojas de Thalassia. Del total de materia seca, 40.6% consiste de proteínas, lípidos, hidratos de carbono solubles y ceniza. El contenido en proteína bruta consiste de 17% (R = 15.8-18.1%). Los minerales nutritivos esenciales se encontraron en cantidades considerables: calcio, 1.32% (R = 1.21 - 1.47%); fósforo, .21% (R = .19-.23%); potasio, 3.0% (R = 2.47-3.30%) y magnesio, 1.26% (R = 1 .09-1.38%). Los componentes de la membrana celular fueron 59.4% (R = 46.1-64.6%), del cual 19.1% consiste de hemicelulosa. El valor porcentual de lignina varía, dependiendo de si KMnO4 ó H2SO4 se usa como agente oxidante: 22.9% (KMnO4) ó 9.1% (H2SO4). Se postulan en este trabajo cinco cadenas alimenticias básicas para describir la importancia de las hojas de Thalassia en la producción de organismos marinos: cadena alimenticia de herbívoros grandes, cadena alimenticia de peces herbívoros, cadena alimenticia de gasterópodos herbívoros y la cadena alimentica detrítica. Se evaluó el valor potencial de Thalassia como fuente de alimento para animales domésticos.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PPKN MELALUI PENDEKATAN APRESIASI SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Hidayat Elvira Nurini 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerapan pendekatan apresiasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar PPKn pada peserta didik. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian 36 siswa dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 36 peserta didik yang mengikuti, rata-rata daya serap mencapai 76,32 % dengan ketuntasan belajar 86,84 %. Demikian pula hasil observasi kolaborator menggunakan lembar pengamatan diperoleh hasil 89,47% peserta didik telah melakukan kegiatan apresiasi karya seni dengan baik dan benar. Hanya sebagian kecil peserta didik (10,53 %) yang belum sesuai harapan. This study aims to determine the application of the appreciation approach in increasing the learning motivation of PPKn in students. This type of research is a classroom action research with 36 students as research subjects with the data collection techniques of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The results of this study indicate that of the 36 students who participated, the average absorption capacity reached 76.32% with 86.84% completeness of learning. Likewise, the results of collaborator observations using observation sheets showed that 89.47% of students had done art appreciation activities properly and correctly. Only a small proportion of students (10.53%) have not met expectations.
Skin cancer knowledge and prevention practices: Turkish Bus Drivers
Authors: Nukhet Kirag  , Serap Gokce Eskin  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine skin cancer knowledge levels and prevention practices among bus drivers.
Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in Ayd?n province, western Turkey, from April to June 2018, and comprised bus drivers who came to the primary health centre. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire based on sociodemographic characteristics and the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: There were 125 male bus drivers with a mean age of 42.0±9.1 years. There was a significant relationship between history of skin cancer in the family and the presence of freckles (p<0.05). Those who were exposed to the sun for one or two hours a day scored higher on the knowledge scale than those with a sun exposure of >2 hours a day (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The bus drivers did not have enough knowledge about the critical significance of skin cancer.
Key Words: Sun protection, Drivers, Skin, Cancer, Turkey.
Continuous...
Experiencias ludocreativas en niñas y niños de quinto y sexto grado de Costa Rica: una forma innovadora de sentir los espacios educativos
Authors: Salazar Hernández Mary , Montero Corrales Cristopher 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
Este artículo reflexiona sobre los sentires de niñas y niños de quinto y sexto grado, de la escuela Bernardo Soto Alfaro (Alajuela) y la escuela Mixta San Juan (San José), acerca de su experiencia en talleres lúdicos de resolución pacífica de conflictos y compañerismo impartidos por la Subcomisión lúdico creativa de CONARE en el año 2019. Mediante metodologías lúdicas y creativas se fomentan la imaginación, la ternura, la esperanza y la espontaneidad para generar ambientes de aprendizaje para la convivencia y la autotrascendencia.

Palabras clave:
Lúdica, creatividad, infancia, autotrascendencia, convivencia.
The effectiveness of using augmented reality in teaching geography curriculum on the achievement and attitudes of Omani 10th Grade Students
Authors: Al Shuaili Khalfan , Al Musawi Ali Sharaf , Hussain Raja Muznah 
Published: October 2020

<p>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using a mobile Augmented Reality<strong> </strong>application in the geography unit for 10<sup>th</sup>-grade students on their achievements and attitude. The unit is part of the Omani’s social studies curriculum and entitled, “Environmental Problems and Hazards”. To achieve this purpose, a quasi-experimental study design was conducted. The instruments designed, validated and used to collect data were pre-post achievement tests and attitudinal scale. The participants were 64 male students, divided into two experimental and control groups. The field application period took four weeks in which the control group studied the unit using the normal teaching method, while the mobile Augmented Reality application, HP Reveal, with a website that supports its features, was integrated to teach experimental group. Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-field applications in terms of students’ achievement and attitudes. Nevertheless, there was no impact observed when the control and experimental groups’ achievement was compared. The researcher suggested conducting further investigations to examine the value of integrating Augmented Reality in the educational system considering various factors and variables.</p>
Makunaima: entre fatos e ficções
Authors: Barreto Mêrivania Rocha 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo lançar uma discussão voltada para o processo de criação dos fatos e ficções nas narrativas que apresentam Makunaima como personagem. Para tanto, serão analisados relatos escritos de um naturólogo alemão e relatos orais de um documentário. Deste modo, tem-se como corpus para a pesquisa a obra Vom Roroima zum Orinoco (Do Roraima ao Orinoco), especificamente o livro Mitos e lendas dos índios Taulipangue e Arecuná, o qual apresenta a coletânea de narrativas que foram recolhidas durante os anos de 1911 a 1913 na tríplice fronteira – Brasil, Venezuela e Guiana Inglesa – pelo viajante alemão Theodor Koch-Grünberg; bem como o documentário Nas trilhas de Makunaima, produzido no ano de 2007, pela TV Cultura, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Roraima. Esta pesquisa foi bibliográfica e abrangeu o ramo da teoria literária, mais especificamente da teoria da recepção, a qual contribui para os estudos dos conceitos de fatos e ficções; da literatura dos viajantes, em que se encontram os relatos coletados por Koch-Grünberg sobre a figura de Makunaima; e dos relatos orais sobre o personagem indígena presente no documentário. Alguns dos referencias teóricos utilizados foram os livros de teoria da recepção de Wolfgang Iser e os de Karlheinz Stierle. Estes darão os suportes necessários para as discussões teóricas envolvendo facticidade e ficcionalidade.
Complex plant-derived organic aerosol as ice-nucleating particles – more than the sums of their parts?
Authors: Steinke Isabelle , Hiranuma Naruki , Funk Roger , Höhler Kristina , Tüllmann Nadine , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Weidler Peter G. , Möhler Ottmar , Leisner Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Quantifying the impact of complex organic particles on the formation
of ice crystals in clouds remains challenging, mostly due to the vast
number of different sources ranging from sea spray to agricultural
areas. In particular, there are many open questions regarding the ice
nucleation properties of organic particles released from terrestrial
sources such as decaying plant material. In this work, we present results from laboratory studies investigating
the immersion freezing properties of individual organic compounds
commonly found in plant tissue and complex organic aerosol particles
from vegetated environments, without specifically investigating the
contribution from biological particles, which may contribute to the
overall ice nucleation efficiency observed at high temperatures. To
characterize the ice nucleation properties of plant-related aerosol
samples for temperatures between 242 and 267 K, we used the
Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud
chamber and the Ice Nucleation SpEctrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (INSEKT), which is a droplet freezing assay. Individual
plant components (polysaccharides, lignin, soy and rice protein) were
mostly less ice active, or similarly ice active, compared to microcrystalline
cellulose, which has been suggested by recent studies to be a proxy for
quantifying the primary cloud ice formation caused by particles
originating from vegetation. In contrast, samples from ambient sources
with a complex organic matter composition (agricultural soils and leaf
litter) were either similarly ice active or up to 2 orders of
magnitude more ice active than cellulose. Of all individual organic
plant components, only carnauba wax (i.e., lipids) showed a similarly
high ice nucleation activity as that of the samples from vegetated
environments over a temperature range between 245 and 252 K.
Hence, based on our experimental results, we suggest considering
cellulose as being representative for the average ice nucleation
activity of plant-derived particles, whereas lignin and plant proteins
tend to provide a lower limit. In contrast, complex biogenic particles
may exhibit ice nucleation activities which are up to 2 orders of
magnitude higher than observed for cellulose, making ambient
plant-derived particles a potentially important contributor to the
population of ice-nucleating particles in the troposphere, even though
major uncertainties regarding their transport to cloud altitude
remain.