bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded Autoantibody Profiles for Subsetting of Native American, African American, and European American Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Guthridge Carla J. , Gross Timothy , Quintero Magdalene , Kheir Joseph M. , Levin Jeremy , Bourn Rebecka L. , Khan Sohail , Peercy Michael , Saunkeah Bobby , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveMany Native American (NA) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) do not exhibit the classical SLE autoantibody profiles of European American (EA) and African American (AA) patients with SLE. The poorer SLE disease outcomes noted in NA patients highlights a need for more equitable diagnostic and prognostic tools for NA patients with SLE. The objective was to identify informative autoantibody profiles for NA, AA, and EA patients with SLE using an expanded set of autoantigens.MethodsSera from 49 NA, 49 AA, and 49 EA age‐, sex‐, and antinuclear autoantibody titer–matched patients with SLE who met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and 10 ethnicity‐, sex‐, and age‐matched controls were tested for autoantibody reactivity by autoantigen microarrays. Autoantibodies that were significantly elevated in patients with SLE compared with ethnicity‐specific controls were selected for hierarchical clustering. Differences in clinical criteria between patient clusters were determined by Fisher's exact test and corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsNA, AA, and EA patients with SLE each had a cluster distinguished by higher levels of anti‐Ro52 and another cluster distinguished by nucleic acid–specific autoantibodies. Additional clusters were distinguished in NA patients by elevated extracellular matrix autoantibodies and were distinguished in AA patients by elevated Sm/RNP autoantibody and elevated nucleolin/histone autoantibody. Two EA patient clusters with similar nucleic acid– and Ro52‐specific autoantibodies were distinguished by either high or low histone 2A reactivity. Renal manifestations trended higher in the NA Ro52 cluster and were significantly enriched in the AA nucleolin/histone cluster. The AA nucleolin/histone cluster and EA H2A cluster had higher disease activity.ConclusionExpanded autoantibody profiles can identify informative subsets of patients with SLE.
Pressure‐Driven Eu2+‐Doped BaLi2Al2Si2N6: A New Color Tunable Narrow‐Band Emission Phosphor for Spectroscopy and Pressure Sensor Applications
Authors: Wang Yichao , Seto Takatoshi , Ishigaki Kento , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo , Li Guangshe , Tang Zuobin , Li Zebin , Wang Yuhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of BaLi2Al2Si2N6 (BLASN): xEu2+ phosphors are successfully synthesized and their crystal structure and luminescence properties under varying hydrostatic pressures are reported herein. Structure variation is analyzed using in situ high‐pressure X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinements. Based on decay curves and Gaussian fitting of emission spectra, the presence of two photoluminescence centers is demonstrated. BaLi2Al2Si2N6: 0.01Eu2+ exhibits an evident peak position shift from 532 to 567 nm with an increase in pressure to ≈20 GPa. The possible factors and mechanisms for the variations are studied in detail. At a pressure of 16 GPa, BLASN: Eu2+ realizes a narrow yellow emission with a full width at half maximum of ≈70 nm. The addition of BLASN: Eu2+ (16 GPa) to the commercial white light‐emitting diodes combination consisting of an InGaN chip, β‐SiAlON: Eu2+, and red K2SiF6:Mn4+, can increase the color gamut by ≈15%, demonstrating the promising potential of pressure‐driven BLASN: Eu2+ for wide‐color gamut spectroscopy applications. Moreover, the emission shifts arising from pressure variation and the distinct color changes enable its potential utility as an optical pressure sensor; the material exhibits high pressure sensitivity (dλ/dP ≈ 1.58 nm GPa−1) with the advantage of visualization.
Polymer‐Modified ZnO Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Layer for Polymer‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Pu , Zhang Dayong , Wu Yao , Yu Junsheng , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe optimization of interfacial layer plays a critical role in the ultimate use of polymer‐based solar cells (PSCs). By introducing an insulating polymer, polystyrene (PS), into the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with large particle size, an electron transport layer (ETL) with a thickness of more than 130 nm is produced. The doping of PS not only improves the film quality of ZnO NPs to generate a denser, smoother, and more uniform ETL, but also increases the contact properties between the hydrophilic ZnO and hydrophobic active layer. In comparison to control devices, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), short circuit current densities, and fill factors of PSCs with the PS‐modified ETL for a typical fullerene system PTB7‐Th:PC71BM and, also, a nonfullerene system PBDB‐T:ITIC are increased, with PCEs from 8.49% to 9.54% and 10.03% to 11.05%, respectively. The reproducibility, mechanical endurance, and ambient stability of the PSCs with the PS‐modified ZnO NP ETL are significantly improved. The combination of the insulating polymer and ZnO NPs provides a simple, low‐cost way to realize the commercialization of high performance, flexible PSCs.
An All‐Scale Hierarchical Architecture Induces Colossal Room‐Temperature Electrocaloric Effect at Ultralow Electric Field in Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Qian Jianfeng , Yu Jinyao , Guo Mengfan , Zhang Qinghua , Jiang Jianyong , Shen Zhonghui , Chen Long‐Qing , Shen Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComposed of electrocaloric (EC) ceramics and polymers, polymer composites with high EC performances are considered as promising candidates for next‐generation all‐solid‐state cooling devices. Their mass application is limited by the low EC strength, which requires very high operational voltage to induce appreciable temperature change. Here, an all‐scale hierarchical architecture is proposed and demonstrated to achieve high EC strength in poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene)‐based nanocomposites. On the atomic scale, highly polarizable hierarchical interfaces are induced by incorporating BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles in Ba(Zr0.21Ti0.79)O3 (BZT) nanofibers (BFO@BZT_nfs); on the microscopic scale, percolation of the interfaces further raises the polarization of the composite nanofibers; on the mesoscopic scale, orthotropic orientation of BFO@BZT_nfs leads to much enhanced breakdown strength of the nanocomposites. As a result, an ultrahigh EC strength of ≈0.22 K m MV−1 is obtained at an ultralow electric field of 75 MV m−1 in nanocomposites filled with the orthotropic composite nanofibers, which is by far the highest value achieved in polymer nanocomposites at a moderate electric field. Results of high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, in situ scanning Kelvin probe microscopy characterization, and phase‐field simulations all indicate that the much enhanced EC performances can be attributed to the all‐scale hierarchical structures of the nanocomposite.
Naphthodithiophenediimide–Bithiopheneimide Copolymers for High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics: Significant Impact of Backbone Orientation on Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Wang Yang , Takimiya Kazuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of n‐type conjugated polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) has continued to pose a massive challenge in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). New structural insights into the charge‐carrier transport are necessitated for the realization of high‐performance OTEs. In this study, three new n‐type copolymers, named pNB, pNB‐Tz, and pNB‐TzDP, consisting of naphthodithiophenediimide (NDTI) and bithiopheneimide (BTI) units, are synthesized by direct arylation polymerization. The backbone orientation is altered by incorporating thiazole units into the backbone and tuning the branching point of the side chain. The alteration of the backbone orientation from face‐on to bimodal orientation with both face‐on and edge‐on fractions significantly impacts the σ and the power factors (PFs) of the polymers. As a result, pNB‐TzDP, with the bimodal orientation, demonstrates a high σ of up to 11.6 S cm−1 and PF of up to 53.4 µW m−1 K−2, which are among the highest in solution‐processed n‐doped conjugated polymers reported so far. Further studies reveal that the bimodal orientation of pNB‐TzDP introduces 3D conduction channels and leads to better accommodation of dopants, which should be the key factors for the excellent thermoelectric performance.
High‐Index‐Facet Metal‐Alloy Nanoparticles as Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts
Authors: Huang Liliang , Zheng Cindy Y. , Shen Bo , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA method to introduce high‐index facets into colloidally synthesized nanoparticles is used to produce compositionally uniform Pt–M (M = Ni, Co, and Cu) and Rh–M (M = Ni and Co) tetrahexahedral nanoparticles. The realization of this method allows for a systematic study of catalyst activity as a function of particle composition for various electrooxidation reactions of liquid fuels (formic acid, methanol, and ethanol). The individual contributions of their high‐index facets, internal alloying of transition metals, and surface Bi modification to their electrocatalytic properties are experimentally explored, resulting in three key findings. First, the presence of high‐index facets is favorable for improving the catalytic activity for all three classes of reactions studied. Second, the effect of transition metal alloying on catalytic activity differs from reaction to reaction. For methanol electrooxidation in an acid electrolyte, due to the contribution from surface Bi modification being negligible, transition metal alloying can significantly the improve overall catalytic efficiency. However, for the other studied reactions, where the surface Bi is highly favorable for improving catalytic activity, there is little influence from transition metal alloying. Finally, multimetallic tetrahexahedral particles have improved stabilities during prolonged operation compared to their monometallic counterparts due to the presence of the alloyed transition metal atoms.
Nanoscale Surface Electrical Properties Tailored by Room‐Temperature Sulfurization for High‐Efficient CZTSe Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Siyu , Shen Zhan , Wu Jianyu , Wu Li , Li Hui , Liang Guangxing , Ao Jianping , Wang Hai , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurface sulfurization can tailor the energy band alignment between p–n heterojunction for the kesterite‐structured Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cells. However, the traditional high‐temperature sulfurization process result in the decomposition of kesterite film and thus introducing deep defects. Room‐temperature surface sulfurization, which do not introduce new deep defects during the sulfurization process, is a good method for sulfurization. Combined by different experimental techniques, in this study, it is found that CZTSe film etched by concentrated ammonia can not only tailor the surface nanoscale composition, but also make CZTSe film to expose more crystallographic sites for the successful surface sulfurization. The conductivity of grains and grain boundaries for the absorber layer is improved, the minority carrier lifetime is increased, and the interface band alignment is modified by reducing the conduction band offset successfully after following (NH4)2S vapor treatments, which drive the improvement of the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the solar cell from 376 to 430 mV. This work can direct the surface bandgap engineering with nontraditional sulfurization to further enhance the performance of kesterite‐based thin film solar cells as well as other Se‐ or S‐containing solar cells.
Electrically Controllable Terahertz Second‐Harmonic Generation in GaAs
Authors: Lee Kanghee , Park Jagang , Kang Bong Joo , Kim Won Tae , Kim Hyeon‐Don , Baek Soojeong , Ahn Kwang Jun , Min Bumki , Rotermund Fabian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTerahertz radiation and its nonlinear optical manipulation may possess potential for a variety of applications in next‐generation electronics and optics. Pioneering studies have shown that the nonlinearity of carrier drift in semiconductors and graphene can be utilized for nonlinear optical processes at terahertz frequencies. However, because of the symmetric response of carriers to the terahertz field direction, most experiments have confirmed only the presence of odd‐order nonlinear processes. In this study, electric‐field‐induced terahertz second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in photoexcited gallium arsenide is demonstrated, where an applied bias field breaks the directional symmetry of the drift transport of electrons. The amplitudes of odd‐ and even‐harmonic waves are found to be highly controllable using the bias field. The measured conversion efficiency of SHG reaches beyond 10−5, substantially higher than the value previously reported. This terahertz harmonic generation platform with electrical controllability may be useful for future nonlinear applications at terahertz frequencies.
Potassium Doping to Enhance Green Photoemission of Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Hoang Minh Tam , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Tang Cheng , Yang Yang , Pham Ngoc Duy , Gui Ke , Wang Xiaoxiang , Yambem Soniya , Sonar Prashant , Du Aijun , Wang Hongxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are emerging as one of the most promising materials for optoelectrical devices such as light‐emitting diode (LED) owing to their tunable band gaps, high color purity, and tolerance to defects. Nevertheless, the materials have not yet demonstrated their full potential in practical applications due to the poor stability of PeNCs and their unsatisfactory performance in devices. In this research, LED devices based on CsPbBr3 NCs are successfully demonstrated as an active light‐emitting layer with enhanced efficiency via potassium doping. The study of the effect of potassium dopant on physicochemical properties of inorganic CsPbBr3 PeNCs shows that potassium cations (K+) remain in the crystal structure of perovskite compound as interstitial defects, which results in better coverage of surface ligands on the PeNCs and improved energy band alignment with adjacent electron injection layer (2,2′,2′‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole)) and hole injection layer (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) in an LED. As a consequence, the green LED with the K‐doped CsPbBr3 PeNCs shows luminance up to 5759 cd m‐2 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.6%, which is superior to the pristine device without K‐doping (luminance: 4579 cd m‐2, EQE: 4.8%).
Design of Large‐Scale Rectangular Cells for Rechargeable Seawater Batteries
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Harzandi Ahmad M. , Lee Jinho , Choi Yunseok , Kim Youngsik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRechargeable seawater batteries (SWBs) are regarded as sustainable alternatives to Li‐ion batteries due to the use of an unlimited and free source of Na ion active materials. Although many approaches including the introduction of new catalysts have successfully improved the performance of SWBs, reconsidering the cell design is an urgent requirement to improve the performance and scale up the production of practical batteries. In this study, by adjusting the maximum space efficiency, a rectangular cell is developed which due to its unique architecture, benefits from optimized contact to improve the overall charge transfer in the system. In view of the rigidity of the solid electrolyte, the novel cell model is intended to have adequate flexibility to be easily transported and practically utilized. Furthermore, the enhanced efficiency of the parallel stacked modules, indicates the capability of this cell in practical use. The designed catalyst‐free cell system shows a record capacity of 3.8 Ah (47.5 Ah kg−1), energy of 11 Wh (137.5 Wh kg−1), and peak power of 523 mW for individual unit cell, while it also retains performance up to 100 cycles. This design paves the way for commercializing rechargeable seawater batteries.
Aboveground traits define differences in biomass allocation among 16 prairie species
Authors: Johnston Marie R. , Balster Nick J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrairie plants of the U.S. Midwest are used for stormwater management because of their purported belowground biomass, but species‐specific data are lacking by which hundreds of prairie species may be evaluated with respect to potential biomass. We hypothesize that aboveground traits could be used to define differences in biomass accumulation to leaves, stems, and roots among prairie plants. Sixteen species of wet‐mesic prairie vegetation common to urban plantings of the Midwest were grown in monoculture to quantify accumulated biomass after 2 yr. Species were grouped in accordance with aboveground morphology and flowering phenology to test for differences in biomass accrual and crown characteristics. Although the species of forbs were as different from one another in leaf, stem, and root biomass as were all forbs together vs. graminoids, grouping plants by aboveground form and flowering phenology helped discern functional differences. Differences among groupings based on aboveground traits are supported by conceptual frameworks through which plant biomass accrual is linked to crown height, leaf area, and growth strategy. These results suggest aboveground traits could inform the selection and/or substitution of prairie species for different uses within urban plantings.
Determinants of infant carrying behavior in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Tracer David P. , Wyckoff Sara L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe determinants of variability in infant carrying within and across societies is an understudied area within parental investment research. Carrying has positive and negative consequences as it may protect the infant from predators and pathogens but is energetically costly for caregivers. Moreover, carrying may delay independent locomotor development and exposure to antigens necessary for immunological competence. The purpose of this study is to compare infants' ages and developmental milestone attainment as predictors of carrying behavior and to identify other determinants of carrying behavior among traditional forager‐horticulturalists in Papua New Guinea.MethodsWe analyze quantitative data collected among 107 infant‐caregiver dyads during 354 hours of focal follows on infant carrying. Random effects logistic regression was used to model carrying behavior in these dyads.ResultsInfants' chronological age and milestone achievement are equally reliable predictors of abatement of carrying and increased time on the ground. Further, the presence or absence of the mother and the location of the infant‐caregiver pair are significantly associated with carrying behavior. Indices of mother's and infants' condition such as anthropometric measures were not predictive of carrying behaviors.ConclusionsMothers vary the amount of carrying based on assessment of infant and local environmental conditions. Age and milestone attainment are equally predictive of time on the ground and therefore increased exposure to antigens, pathogens and other dangers. High levels of infant carrying function as offspring protection by increasing exposure to ground level pathogens gradually, thus allowing for the naïve immune system to develop immunocompetence incrementally.
Beschleunigung von zweiphasiger Biokatalyse durch neue Prozessfenster
Authors: Huynh Florence , Tailby Matthew , Finniear Aled , Stephens Kevin , Allemann Rudolf K. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProzessintensivierung durch kontinuierliche Flussreaktionen hat die Produktionsraten von Feinchemikalien und Pharmazeutika deutlich erhöht. Katalytische Reaktionen werden durch eine unkonventionelle und beispiellose Verwendung eines Hochleistungs‐Flüssig/Flüssig‐Gegenstromchromatographiesystems beschleunigt. Produkte werden erheblich schneller als in herkömmlichen Batch‐Reaktoren oder in segmentierten Durchflusssystemen gebildet, was durch stereoselektive Phasentransfer‐katalysierte Reaktionen demonstriert wird. Diese Methode ermöglicht auch die Intensivierung biokatalytischer Reaktionen, wie durch Veresterungen mit hoher Ausbeute und mit der Sesquiterpencyclase‐katalysierten Synthese von Sesquiterpenen aus Farnesyldiphosphat als hochwertige Naturstoffe mit Anwendungen in der Medizin, Landwirtschaft und Duftstoffindustrie gezeigt wird. Die Produktfreisetzung in Sesquiterpensynthasen ist aufgrund der hydrophoben Natur von Sesquiterpenen geschwindigkeitslimitierend, das den Zentrifugalkräften ausgesetzte zweiphasige System ermöglicht aber hocheffiziente Reaktionen.
Dynamic Features of Transition States for β‐Scission Reactions of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Revealed by AIMD Simulations
Authors: Rey Jérôme , Bignaud Charles , Raybaud Pascal , Bučko Tomáš , Chizallet Céline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZeolite‐catalyzed alkene cracking is key to optimize the size of hydrocarbons. The nature and stability of intermediates and transition states (TS) are, however, still debated. We combine transition path sampling and blue moon ensemble density functional theory simulations to unravel the behavior of C7 alkenes in CHA zeolite. Free energy profiles are determined, linking π‐complexes, alkoxides and carbenium ions, for B1 (secondary to tertiary) and B2 (tertiary to secondary) β‐scissions. B1 is found to be easier than B2. The TS for B1 occurs at the breaking of the C−C bond, while for B2 it is the proton transfer from propenium to the zeolite. We highlight the dynamic behaviors of the various intermediates along both pathways, which reduce activation energies with respect to those previously evaluated by static approaches. We finally revisit the ranking of isomerization and cracking rate constants, which are crucial for future kinetic studies.
A Far‐Red Emitting Fluorescent Chemogenetic Reporter for In Vivo Molecular Imaging
Authors: Li Chenge , Tebo Alison G. , Thauvin Marion , Plamont Marie‐Aude , Volovitch Michel , Morin Xavier , Vriz Sophie , Gautier Arnaud 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFar‐red emitting fluorescent labels are highly desirable for spectral multiplexing and deep tissue imaging. Here, we describe the generation of frFAST (far‐red Fluorescence Activating and absorption Shifting Tag), a 14‐kDa monomeric protein that forms a bright far‐red fluorescent assembly with (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐phenyl)allylidene rhodanine (HPAR‐3OM). As HPAR‐3OM is essentially non‐fluorescent in solution and in cells, frFAST can be imaged with high contrast in presence of free HPAR‐3OM, which allowed the rapid and efficient imaging of frFAST fusions in live cells, zebrafish embryo/larvae, and chicken embryos. Beyond enabling the genetic encoding of far‐red fluorescence, frFAST allowed the design of a far‐red chemogenetic reporter of protein–protein interactions, demonstrating its great potential for the design of innovative far‐red emitting biosensors.