bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of structural damage underlie working memory and reasoning deficits after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jolly Amy E , Scott Gregory T , Sharp David J , Hampshire Adam H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is well established that chronic cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury relate to diffuse axonal injury and the consequent widespread disruption of brain connectivity. However, the pattern of diffuse axonal injury varies between patients and they have a correspondingly heterogeneous profile of cognitive deficits. This heterogeneity is poorly understood, presenting a non-trivial challenge for prognostication and treatment. Prominent amongst cognitive problems are deficits in working memory and reasoning. Previous functional MRI in controls has associated these aspects of cognition with distinct, but partially overlapping, networks of brain regions. Based on this, a logical prediction is that differences in the integrity of the white matter tracts that connect these networks should predict variability in the type and severity of cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury. We use diffusion-weighted imaging, cognitive testing and network analyses to test this prediction. We define functionally distinct subnetworks of the structural connectome by intersecting previously published functional MRI maps of the brain regions that are activated during our working memory and reasoning tasks, with a library of the white matter tracts that connect them. We examine how graph theoretic measures within these subnetworks relate to the performance of the same tasks in a cohort of 92 moderate-severe traumatic brain injury patients. Finally, we use machine learning to determine whether cognitive performance in patients can be predicted using graph theoretic measures from each subnetwork. Principal component analysis of behavioural scores confirm that reasoning and working memory form distinct components of cognitive ability, both of which are vulnerable to traumatic brain injury. Critically, impairments in these abilities after traumatic brain injury correlate in a dissociable manner with the information-processing architecture of the subnetworks that they are associated with. This dissociation is confirmed when examining degree centrality measures of the subnetworks using a canonical correlation analysis. Notably, the dissociation is prevalent across a number of node-centric measures and is asymmetrical: disruption to the working memory subnetwork relates to both working memory and reasoning performance whereas disruption to the reasoning subnetwork relates to reasoning performance selectively. Machine learning analysis further supports this finding by demonstrating that network measures predict cognitive performance in patients in the same asymmetrical manner. These results accord with hierarchical models of working memory, where reasoning is dependent on the ability to first hold task-relevant information in working memory. We propose that this finer grained information may be useful for future applications that attempt to predict long-term outcomes or develop tailored therapies.
Localization of Brain Networks Engaged by the Sustained Attention to Response Task Provides Quantitative Markers of Executive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: McMackin Roisin , Dukic Stefan , Costello Emmet , Pinto-Grau Marta , Fasano Antonio , Buxo Teresa , Heverin Mark , Reilly Richard , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Pender Niall , Hardiman Orla , Nasseroleslami Bahman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: To identify cortical regions engaged during the sustained attention to response task (SART) and characterize changes in their activity associated with the neurodegenerative condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 33 controls and 23 ALS patients during a SART paradigm. Differences in associated event-related potential peaks were measured for Go and NoGo trials. Sources active during these peaks were localized, and ALS-associated differences were quantified. Results: Go and NoGo N2 and P3 peak sources were localized to the left primary motor cortex, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC). NoGo trials evoked greater bilateral medial PPC activity during N2 and lesser left insular, PPC and DLPFC activity during P3. Widespread cortical hyperactivity was identified in ALS during P3. Changes in the inferior parietal lobule and insular activity provided very good discrimination (AUROC &gt; 0.75) between patients and controls. Activation of the right precuneus during P3 related to greater executive function in ALS, indicative of a compensatory role. Interpretation: The SART engages numerous frontal and parietal cortical structures. SART–EEG measures correlate with specific cognitive impairments that can be localized to specific structures, aiding in differential diagnosis.
In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Yao Xueting , Ye Fei , Zhang Miao , Cui Cheng , Huang Baoying , Niu Peihua , Liu Xu , Zhao Li , Dong Erdan , Song Chunli , Zhan Siyan , Lu Roujian , Li Haiyan , Tan Wenjie , Liu Dongyang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in 2019 and subsequently spread worldwide. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late phase in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
The pharmacological activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was tested using SARS-CoV-2–infected Vero cells. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were implemented for both drugs separately by integrating their in vitro data. Using the PBPK models, hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung fluid were simulated under 5 different dosing regimens to explore the most effective regimen while considering the drug’s safety profile.

Results
Hydroxychloroquine (EC50 = 0.72 μM) was found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50 = 5.47 μM) in vitro. Based on PBPK models results, a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it reached 3 times the potency of chloroquine phosphate when given 500 mg twice daily 5 days in advance.

Conclusions
Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent than chloroquine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Amylolysis of a chromogenic substrate, Cibachron Blue F3GA-amylose: kinetics and mechanism.
Authors: Klein B , Foreman J A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We compared the modes of action of human pancreatic, human salivary, and porcine pancreatic amylases on Cibachron Blue F3GA-amylose. Both human enzymes showed similar catalytic activity with almost equal Vmax but dissimilar apparent Km's. The ratios of soluble dyed oligosaccharides to reducing substances were identical. Porcine pancreatic amylase exhibited less than half the Vmax of the human enzymes and a smaller apparent Km. Reducing substances were formed faster than were the soluble dyed products. These differences in amylolytic action can be explained by differences in the degree of the “multiple attack" mechanism. Introduction of dye substituents into the amylose molecule did not alter the substrate characteristics of amylose toward human serum amylase.
Ecosystem services provided by Neotropical birds
Authors: Michel Nicole L , Whelan Christopher J , Verutes Gregory M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment described 4 classes of services or functions that ecosystems and their component parts deliver to the benefit of humans: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. Birds, including Neotropical birds, provide a diverse array of services in all 4 classes. We review the literature describing ecosystem services provided by Neotropical birds, draw inference from studies of avian services in other regions when Neotropical studies are limited, and identify key information gaps. Neotropical birds provide provisioning services in the form of meat and eggs for food, and feathers for down and ornamentation. Regulating services are among the most valuable services provided by Neotropical birds, including pollination, pest control, seed dispersal, and scavenging. Neotropical birds also provide supporting services in the form of nutrient cycling, such as through the deposition of guano on offshore islands. Finally, Neotropical birds provide cultural services as pets (caged birds), sources of recreation (e.g., birdwatching, hunting), as well as by inspiring art, photography, and religious customs. Much remains to be learned about the ecology and natural history of many Neotropical birds before we can fully assign value—monetary, nonmaterial, or otherwise—to the services they provide. However, what we have learned to date makes it clear that humans benefit from birds through multiple services, including but not limited to pest reduction, pollination of some agricultural plants, and seed dispersal.
Association of Faecal Calprotectin Level and Combined Endoscopic and Radiological Healing in Patients With Crohn’s Disease Receiving Anti-tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy
Authors: Noh Soo Min , Oh Eun Hye , Park Seong Ho , Lee Jung Bok , Kim Jin Yong , Park Jae Cheol , Kim Jeongseok , Ham Nam Seok , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong-Hoon , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Myung Seung-Jae , Yang Suk-Kyun , Ye Beyong Duk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsCombined endoscopic and radiological healing, or deep healing, is associated with favourable outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease; thus, a non-invasive biomarker for predicting deep healing would be invaluable. We evaluated the usefulness of faecal calprotectin for predicting deep healing in patients with Crohn’s disease receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy.MethodsWe analysed the records of patients with Crohn’s disease who received anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy and underwent endoscopic evaluation, radiological evaluation, and faecal calprotectin measurement within a period of 3 months between August 2017 and November 2018. Results of endoscopic and radiological studies were independently reviewed by two gastrointestinal endoscopists and a gastrointestinal radiologist, respectively. Serum C-reactive protein and albumin were also measured.ResultsOut of 268 patients analysed, 77 [28.7%] had deep healing, 36 [13.4%] had endoscopic healing only, 36 [13.4%] had radiological healing only, and 119 [44.4%] had neither. The median duration of anti-TNF treatment was 40.0 months. The deep healing group had the lowest median faecal calprotectin level [56.5 mg/kg] among the four groups [p &lt;0.001]. The faecal calprotectin cutoff level of 81.1 mg/kg showed a sensitivity of 0.623 and a specificity of 0.817 in predicting deep healing (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.767; 95% confidence interval, 0.702–0.832). Adding serum C-reactive protein and serum albumin to faecal calprotectin further increased the AUROC to 0.805 [95% confidence interval, 0.752–0.858].ConclusionsFaecal calprotectin, when combined with serum C-reactive protein and albumin, showed acceptable performance in predicting deep healing in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Genome reconstruction reveals distinct assemblages of Gallionellaceae in surface and subsurface redox transition zones
Authors: Bethencourt Lorine , Bochet Olivier , Farasin Julien , Aquilina Luc , Borgne Tanguy Le , Quaiser Achim , Biget Marine , Michon-Coudouel Sophie , Labasque Thierry , Dufresne Alexis 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Fe-oxidizing bacteria of the family Gallionellaceae are major players in the Fe biogeochemical cycle in freshwater. These bacteria thrive in redox transition zones where they benefit from both high Fe concentrations and microaerobic conditions. We analysed the Gallionellaceae genomic diversity in an artesian hard-rock aquifer where redox transition zones develop (i) in the subsurface, where ancient, reduced groundwater mixes with recent oxygenated groundwater, and (ii) at the surface, where groundwater reaches the open air. A total of 15 new draft genomes of Gallionellaceae representing to 11 candidate genera were recovered from the two redox transition zones. Sulfur oxidation genes were encoded in most genomes while denitrification genes were much less represented. One genus dominated microbial communities belowground and we propose to name it ‘Candidatus Houarnoksidobacter’. The two transition zones were populated by completely different assemblages of Gallionellaceae despite the almost constant upward circulation of groundwater between the two zones. The processes leading to redox transition zones, oxygen diffusion at the surface or groundwater mixing in subsurface, appear to be a major driver of the Gallionellaceae diversity.
The General Self-Efficacy of Older Adults Receiving Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Whitehall Lucy , Rush Robert , Górska Sylwia , Forsyth Kirsty 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGeneral self-efficacy (GSE) encourages health-promoting behaviors in older adults. It is unsurprising then that older adults receiving health care services are reported to have a greater risk of low GSE than older adults who are not. Despite this, there is currently limited evidence investigating whether the effect differs based on the environment in which care is received. This review aims to determine whether the GSE of older adults is affected by the receipt of health care services and whether GSE varies based on the setting in which care is received.Research Design and MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018092191), a systematic search was undertaken across 7 databases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and mean General Self-Efficacy Scale scores, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were pooled for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 40 studies were identified, they consisted of 33 population cohorts that were included in the meta-analysis. Older adults receiving health care services were found to be at greater risk of having lower GSE than those who do not (SMD = −0.62; 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.27, p &lt; .0001). Following identification of sources of heterogeneity, older adults receiving acute inpatient care were more likely to have lower GSE than those receiving care in other health care settings.Discussion and ImplicationsOlder adults receiving inpatient care have a greater risk of lower GSE, and consequently, poorer health-promoting behaviors. Further research is recommended that focuses on the GSE of older adults and health outcomes following discharge from inpatient care.
Evaluation of a pair-based, joint-likelihood association approach for regional infrasound event identification
Authors: Blom Philip , Euler Garrett , Marcillo Omar , Dannemann Dugick Fransiska 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYA Bayesian framework for the association of infrasonic detections is presented and evaluated for analysis at regional propagation scales. A pair-based, joint-likelihood association approach is developed that identifies events by computing the probability that individual detection pairs are attributable to a hypothetical common source and applying hierarchical clustering to identify events from the pair-based analysis. The framework is based on a Bayesian formulation introduced for infrasonic source localization and utilizes the propagation models developed for that application with modifications to improve the numerical efficiency of the analysis. Clustering analysis is completed using hierarchical analysis via weighted linkage for a non-Euclidean distance matrix defined by the negative log-joint-likelihood values. The method is evaluated using regional synthetic data with propagation distances of hundreds of kilometres in order to study the sensitivity of the method to uncertainties and errors in backazimuth and time of arrival. The method is found to be robust and stable for typical uncertainties, able to effectively distinguish noise detections within the data set from those in events, and can be made numerically efficient due to its ease of parallelization.
Effects of anxiety on preferences for generic medicines in Australia
Authors: Barton Belinda L , Burke Paul F , Waller David S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Generic medicines have been available to consumers for ∼40 years, with varying degrees of uptake in different countries. Despite offering equivalent therapeutic qualities, generic medicines still struggle to be accepted by consumers. This study examines the role of a consumer’s affective state and framing effects on the purchase of a branded versus a generic pharmaceutical product. These issues are examined in an experiment, with independent manipulations of consumer anxiety levels and the framing of generic alternatives by the pharmacist. The sample comprised 426 men and women within Australia who completed an online survey with a scenario of purchasing a pharmaceutical after visiting a General Practitioner. Results indicate that those consumers experiencing higher levels of anxiety and where the doctor prescribed the branded medicine are more likely to choose branded medicines over cheaper, generic alternatives. The effect of framing the generic alternative as either ‘generic’ or ‘cheaper’ was not significant.
Effect of income inequality, community infrastructure and individual stressors on adult depression
Authors: Fan Vanessa Sha , Mahadevan Renuka , Leung Janni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the impact of variables at three different levels—city, community and individual—on the depression of adults aged 45 years and above in China. Evidence shows that community factors, such as infrastructure and elderly centres, are critical to reduce depression but the effect of city-level factors such as lowering income inequality and improving public health investment is different for the segments of poor and non-poor as well as the rural and urban residents. This highlights the need to consider targeted policy mix options to avoid resource misallocation. Lastly, Chinese females’ depression has worsened over time with ageing, particularly those who drink alcohol or are less educated are prone to depression prompting the need for specialist women health centres.
Steering Teens Safe: translation to a workplace wellness program in the USA
Authors: Harland Karisa K , Yang Jingzhen Ginger , Peek-Asa Corinne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Parent-based teen driving interventions have been shown to increase safe teen driving but few have been translated beyond the research setting. As employers focus more on total worker health, the workplace offers a unique opportunity to implement a safe teen driving program into a workplace wellness program. The aim of this study was to adapt the evidence-based, parent-focused teen safe driving program Steering Teens Safe (STS) into workplace wellness programs, and to evaluate the implementation process and effect on parent–teen communication. The Replicating Effective Programs framework was used to modify STS to fit the workplace setting. The implementation process of the STS workplace wellness program was measured using direct observation and recordings of parent communication trainings while the effectiveness was measured by parent questionnaires. Forty-five parent employees across three businesses participated in the study. STS trainers were skilled in training parents in effective communication, including using open-ended questions and reflections. Parents reported increased success in conversations with their teens regarding safe driving through increased affection, receptivity, trust and equality in conversations. Workplaces may play a key role in assisting parents with teaching their children about safe driving.
DHTKD1 and OGDH display substrate overlap in cultured cells and form a hybrid 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in vivo
Authors: Leandro João , Dodatko Tetyana , Aten Jan , Nemeria Natalia S , Zhang Xu , Jordan Frank , Hendrickson Ronald C , Sanchez Roberto , Yu Chunli , DeVita Robert J , Houten Sander M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of lysine degradation characterized by a specific encephalopathy that is caused by toxic accumulation of lysine degradation intermediates. Substrate reduction through inhibition of DHTKD1, an enzyme upstream of the defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, has been investigated as a potential therapy, but revealed the existence of an alternative enzymatic source of glutaryl-CoA. Here, we show that loss of DHTKD1 in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient HEK-293 cells leads to a 2-fold decrease in the established GA1 clinical biomarker glutarylcarnitine and demonstrate that oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is responsible for this remaining glutarylcarnitine production. We furthermore show that DHTKD1 interacts with OGDH, dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase to form a hybrid 2-oxoglutaric and 2-oxoadipic acid dehydrogenase complex. In summary, 2-oxoadipic acid is a substrate for DHTKD1, but also for OGDH in a cell model system. The classical 2-oxoglutaric dehydrogenase complex can exist as a previously undiscovered hybrid containing DHTKD1 displaying improved kinetics towards 2-oxoadipic acid.
Rapid Shifts in the Temperature Dependence of Locomotor Performance in an Invasive Frog,Xenopus laevis, Implications for Conservation
Authors: Araspin Laurie , Martinez Anna Serra , Wagener Carla , Courant Julien , Louppe Vivien , Padilla Pablo , Measey John , Herrel Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTemperature is a critical abiotic factor impacting all aspects of the biology of organisms, especially in ectotherms. As such, it is an important determinant of the potential invasive ability of organisms and may limit population expansion unless organisms can physiologically respond to changes in temperature either through plasticity or by adapting to their novel environment. Here, we studied the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, which has become invasive on a global scale. We compared adults from an invasive population of western France with individuals from two populations in the native range in South Africa. We measured the thermal dependence of locomotor performance in adults given its relevance to dispersal, predator escape, and prey capture. Our results show significant differences in the limits of the 80% performance breadth interval for endurance with the French population showing a left shift in its limits congruent with the colder climate experienced in France. The French invasive population was introduced only about 40 years ago suggesting a rapid shift in the thermal physiology. Given that all individuals were acclimated under laboratory conditions at 23°C for 2 months this suggests that the invasive frogs have adapted to their new environment. These data may allow the refinement of physiologically informed species distribution models permitting better estimates of future ranges at risk of invasion.