bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum by internal gelation method to access the viability in cheddar cheese and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Ateeq Huda , Ahmed Aftab , Ahmad Awais , Tufail Tabussam , Ismail Zoria , Anjum Faqir Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study was conducted to elucidate the impact of encapsulation on the stability and viability of probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum) in cheddar cheese and in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Purposely, probiotics were encapsulated in two hydrogel materials (kepa carrageenan and sodium alginate) by using an internal gelation method. Cheddar cheese was supplemented with unencapsulated/free and encapsulated probiotics. The product was subjected to physicochemical (pH, titrable acidity, moisture, and protein) and microbiological analysis for a period of 35 days of storage. Furthermore, the probiotics (free and encapsulated) were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The initial probiotic count in cheese containing encapsulated probiotic was 9.13 log CFU/g and 9.15 log CFU/g which decreased to 8.10 log CFU/g and 7.67 log CFU/g while cheese containing unencapsulated probiotic initially 9.18 log CFU/g decreased to 6.58 log CFU/g over a period of 35 days of storage. The incorporation of unencapsulated and encapsulated probiotic affected the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes of the cheese. The encapsulated probiotic bacteria exhibited better survival as compared to unencapsulated probiotic. A 2.60 CFU/g log reduction in unencapsulated cells while just 1.03 CFU/g and 1.48 CFU/g log reduction in case of sodium alginate and K‐carrageenan, respectively, was recorded. In short, encapsulation showed protection and stability to probiotic in hostile conditions.
Protein‐enriched fiber vegan meal promote satiety and suppress food intake in rats
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhou Qi‐Le , Yang Yi , Wei Yan‐Li , Wei Wei , Bi Hong‐Xia , Li Dong , Jiang Shi‐Long 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDietary preferences were closely associated with the pathogenesis of numbers of metabolic disorders, in particularly, obesity. Dietary fiber was shown to be capable of preventing weight gain and excessive food intake mainly through stimulating chewing and saliva secretion, and promote satiety signals. In this study, we characterized the "Vitamin World® Vegan Meal" Formula of Feihe, a novel protein‐enriched fiber dietary supplement contained potato protease inhibitor II (PI2) that developed. And we demonstrated that this particular fiber formula was effective in preventing weight gain, increasing satiety signals, and reducing food intake in rats in a dosage‐dependent manner. Our study provides lines of evidence and would further bolster the use of this nutritious vegan meal in regulating satiety and food intake in clinics.
A statistical comparison of spatio‐temporal surface moisture patterns beneath a semi‐natural grassland and permanent pasture: From drought to saturation
Authors: Wallace Ethan E. , Chappell Nick A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSome 60% of the agricultural land in the UK is grassland. This is mostly located in the wetter uplands of the west and north, with the majority intensively managed as permanent pasture. Despite its extent, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how agricultural practices have altered the hydrological behaviour of the underlying soils relative to the adjacent moorland covered by semi‐natural grassland. Near‐surface soil moisture content is an expression of the changes that have taken place and is critical in the generation of flood‐producing overland flows. This study aims to develop a pioneering paired‐plot approach, producing 1,536 moisture measurements at each of the monitoring dates throughout the studied year, that were subsequently analysed by a comparison of frequency distributions, visual cum geostatistical investigation of spatial patterns and mixed‐effects regression modelling. The analysis demonstrated that the practices taking place in the pasture (ploughing, re‐seeding and drainage) reduced the natural diversity in moisture patterns. Compared to adjacent moorland, the topsoil dried much faster in spring with the effects requiring offset with moisture from slurry applications in summer. With the onset of autumn rains, these applications then made the topsoil wetter than the moorland, heightening the likelihood of flood‐producing overland flow. During the sampling within one such storm event, the adjacent moorland was almost as wet as the pasture with both visibly generating overland flow. These contrasts in soil moisture were statistically significant throughout. Further, they highlight the need to scale‐up the monitoring with numerous plot pairs to see if the observed highly dynamic, contrasting behaviour is present at the landscape scale. Such research is fundamental to designing appropriate agricultural interventions to deliver sustainable sward production for livestock or methods of mitigating overland‐flow incidence that would otherwise heighten flood risk or threaten water quality in rivers.
Dynamic domain kinematic modelling for predicting interflow over leaky impeding layers
Authors: Meles Bitew Menberu , Jackson C. Rhett , Goodrich David C. , Younger Seth E. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Vaché Kellie B. , Rau Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditional Boussinesq or kinematic simulations of interflow (i.e., lateral subsurface flow) assume no leakage through the impeding layer and require a no‐flow boundary condition at the ridge top. However, recent analyses of many interflow‐producing landscapes indicate that leaky impeding layers are common, that most interflow percolates well before reaching the toe slope, and therefore, the downslope contributing length is shorter than the hillslope length. In watersheds characterised by perched interflow over a low conductivity layer through permeable topsoil, interflow with percolation may be modelled with a kinematic wave model using a mobile upslope boundary condition defining the hillslope portion contributing interflow to valleys. Here, we developed and applied a dynamic interflow model to simulate interflow using a downslope travel distance concept such that only the active contributing length is modelled at any time. The model defines a variable active area based on the depth of the perched layer, the topographic slope and the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity of topsoil to that of the impeding layer. It incorporates a two‐layer soil moisture accounting water balance analysis, a pedo‐transfer function, and percolation and evaporation routines to predict interflow rates in continuous and event‐based scenarios. We tested the modelling concept on two sets of data (2‐year dataset of rainfall observations for the continuous simulation and a multi‐day irrigation experiment for the event simulation) from a 121‐m‐long open interflow collection trench on an experimental hillslope at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The continuous model simulation partially represented the observed interflow hydrograph and perched water depth in the experimental hillslope with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.35, respectively. Model performance improved significantly at event‐scale analysis. The modelling approach realistically represents interflow dynamics in hillslopes with leaky impeding layers and can be integrated into catchment‐scale hydrology models for more detailed hillslope process modelling.
Epstein‐Barr virus and human papillomavirus serum antibodies define the viral status of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a low endemic country
Authors: Simon Julia , Schroeder Lea , Ingarfield Kate , Diehl Stefan , Werner Jill , Brenner Nicole , Liu Zhiwei , Pawlita Michael , Pring Miranda , Butt Julia , Ness Andy , Waterboer Tim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic regions, where almost every tumor is EBV‐positive. In Western populations, NPC is rare, and human papillomavirus infection (HPV) has been suggested as another viral cause. We validated multiplex serology with molecular tumor markers, to define EBV‐positive, HPV‐positive and EBV‐/HPV‐negative NPCs in the United Kingdom, and analyzed survival differences between those groups. Sera from NPC cases (n = 98) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 142) from the Head and Neck 5000 clinical cohort study were analyzed. IgA and IgG serum antibodies against 13 EBV antigens were measured and compared with EBER in situ hybridization (EBER‐ISH) data of 41 NPC tumors (29 EBER‐ISH positive, 12 negative). IgG antibodies to EBV LF2 correctly diagnosed EBV‐positive NPCs in 28 of 29 cases, while all EBER‐ISH negative NPCs were seronegative to LF2 IgG (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 97%). HPV early antigen serology was compared to HPV molecular markers (p16 expression, HPV DNA and RNA) available for 41 NPCs (13 positive, 28 negative). Serology matched molecular HPV markers in all but one case (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 92%). EBV and HPV infections were mutually exclusive. Overall, 67% of the analyzed NPCs were defined as EBV‐positive, 18% as HPV‐positive and 14% as EBV/HPV‐negative. There was no statistical evidence of a difference in survival between the three groups. These data provide evidence that both, EBV‐positive and HPV‐positive NPCs are present in a low incidence country, and that EBV and HPV serum antibodies correlate with the viral status of the tumor.
Workload evaluation of clinical pharmacists in the ambulatory care setting
Authors: Van Dril Elizabeth , Schumacher Christine , Kliethermes Mary Ann , Borchert Jill S. , Buros Stein Amy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionInpatient clinical pharmacists' roles and contributions to team‐based care are well established; however, there is limited evidence describing the activities and processes for the delivery of care by ambulatory care clinical pharmacists.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to measure time spent on daily activities that comprise the workload of clinical pharmacists providing direct patient care services in an integrated ambulatory care setting.MethodsA prospective, ethnographic, and observational pilot study was conducted at six pharmacist‐integrated multidisciplinary ambulatory care clinics. Clinical pharmacist participants were observed for up to three nonconsecutive clinic workdays. Participant demographics, site characteristics, and self‐reported engagement in direct patient care activities were collected. Workload was evaluated through direct observation of time spent on daily clinical and administrative activities. Time allocated, visit type, number of disease states assessed, and use of clinical support staff were collected for each visit. Results were stratified based on participant engagement in targeted, dual, or comprehensive medication management (CMM) visits, in which one, two, or three or more disease states were assessed, respectively. The primary outcome was analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsTen clinical pharmacists were observed for a total of 26 clinic workdays. Of prespecified activities, clinical pharmacist participants spent the most time documenting care activities, spending a mean (SD) of 6.6 (6.7), 8.0 (8.2), and 7.6 (7.7) minutes after targeted, dual, and CMM visits, respectively. There was a large variation in the distribution of prespecified clinical and administrative activities among participants. Years of practice experience, postgraduate training, board certification(s), duration of practice at the site, and site characteristics did not affect the distribution of time spent on activities (P > .05).ConclusionsThis evaluation articulates the daily activities that contribute to the work of ambulatory care clinical pharmacists and may serve as the foundation to perform more comprehensive evaluations of their contributions to patient outcomes.
Cln1‐mutations suppress Rab7‐RILP interaction and impair autophagy contributing to neuropathology in a mouse model of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Sadhukhan Tamal , Bagh Maria B. , Appu Abhilash P. , Chandra Goutam , Mondal Avisek , Saha Arjun , Mukherjee Anil B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a devastating neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene. CLN1 encodes palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase‐1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the deacylation of S‐palmitoylated proteins to facilitate their degradation and clearance by lysosomal hydrolases. Despite the discovery more than two decades ago that CLN1 mutations causing PPT1‐deficiency underlies INCL, the precise molecular mechanism(s) of pathogenesis has remained elusive. Here, we report that autophagy is dysregulated in Cln1−/− mice, which mimic INCL and in postmortem brain tissues as well as cultured fibroblasts from INCL patients. Moreover, Rab7, a small GTPase, critical for autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, requires S‐palmitoylation for trafficking to the late endosomal/lysosomal membrane where it interacts with Rab‐interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), essential for autophagosome‐lysosome fusion. Notably, PPT1‐deficiency in Cln1−/− mice, dysregulated Rab7‐RILP interaction and preventing autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, which impaired degradative functions of the autolysosome leading to INCL pathogenesis. Importantly, treatment of Cln1−/− mice with a brain‐penetrant, PPT1‐mimetic, small molecule, N‐tert (butyl)hydroxylamine (NtBuHA), ameliorated this defect. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of CLN1/PPT1 in autophagy and suggest that small molecules functionally mimicking PPT1 may have therapeutic implications.
Deficiency of 3‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) in mice causes low ketone body levels and fatty liver during fasting
Authors: Otsuka Hiroki , Kimura Takeshi , Ago Yasuhiko , Nakama Mina , Aoyama Yuka , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Matsumoto Hideki , Ohnishi Hidenori , Sasai Hideo , Osawa Masatake , Yamaguchi Seiji , Mitchell Grant A. , Fukao Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstractd‐3‐Hydroxy‐n‐butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1; EC 1.1.1.30), encoded by BDH1, catalyzes the reversible reduction of acetoacetate (AcAc) to 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB). BDH1 is the last enzyme of hepatic ketogenesis and the first enzyme of ketolysis. The hereditary deficiency of BDH1 has not yet been described in humans. To define the features of BDH1 deficiency in a mammalian model, we generated Bdh1‐deficient mice (Bdh1 KO mice). Under normal housing conditions, with unrestricted access to food, Bdh1 KO mice showed normal growth, appearance, behavior, and fertility. In contrast, fasting produced marked differences from controls. Although Bdh1 KO mice survive fasting for at least 48 hours, blood 3HB levels remained very low in Bdh1 KO mice, and despite AcAc levels moderately higher than in controls, total ketone body levels in Bdh1 KO mice were significantly lower than in wild‐type (WT) mice after 16, 24, and 48 hours fasting. Hepatic fat content at 24 hours of fasting was greater in Bdh1 KO than in WT mice. Systemic BDH1 deficiency was well tolerated under normal fed conditions but manifested during fasting with a marked increase in AcAc/3HB ratio and hepatic steatosis, indicating the importance of ketogenesis for lipid energy balance in the liver.
Having some fun with it: A theoretical review and typology of activity‐based play‐at‐work
Authors: Celestine Nicole A. , Yeo Gillian 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn recent decades, practitioner interest in the notion of “play” at work has generated a surge of research on the topic of play‐at‐work activities. Findings suggest that activity‐based play‐at‐work can produce an array of positive outcomes for individuals and the organization. However, there remains uncertainty about which forms of play are effective for meeting which particular objectives as past reviews have either focused on a narrow activity or treated all activities as uniform. In this paper, we draw on knowledge from the play and management literatures to review 122 studies of activity‐based play‐at‐work and its outcomes. By identifying several activity‐based play‐at‐work concepts from the literature, we apply both theoretical and data‐driven approaches to generate a two‐dimensional typology comprising four categories. These categories are manager‐initiated work‐embedded play (e.g., serious play), self‐/peer‐initiated work‐embedded play (e.g., experiencing one's work as a “game,” “puzzle,” or “sport”), manager‐initiated diversionary play (e.g., celebrations), and self‐/peer‐initiated diversionary play (e.g., joking practices). In our discussion, we unify play‐at‐work activities under an energy‐management framework and consider implications for understanding each of the four categories in our typology using both theories applied in past research and energy‐related theories from neighboring literatures.
Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Cobb Leah H. , McCabe Emily M. , Priddy Lauren B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOsteomyelitis, or the infection of the bone, presents a major complication in orthopedics and may lead to prolonged hospital visits, implant failure, and in more extreme cases, amputation of affected limbs. Typical treatment for this disease involves surgical debridement followed by long‐term, systemic antibiotic administration, which contributes to the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and has limited ability to eradicate challenging biofilm‐forming pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus—the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Local delivery of high doses of antibiotics via traditional bone cement can reduce systemic side effects of an antibiotic. Nonetheless, growing concerns over burst release (then subtherapeutic dose) of antibiotics, along with microbial colonization of the nondegradable cement biomaterial, further exacerbate antibiotic resistance and highlight the need to engineer alternative antimicrobial therapeutics and local delivery vehicles with increased efficacy against, in particular, biofilm‐forming, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Furthermore, limited guidance exists regarding both standardized formulation protocols and validated assays to predict efficacy of a therapeutic against multiple strains of bacteria. Ideally, antimicrobial strategies would be highly specific while exhibiting a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. With a focus on S. aureus infection, this review addresses the efficacy of novel therapeutics and local delivery vehicles, as alternatives to the traditional antibiotic regimens. The aim of this review is to discuss these components with regards to long bone osteomyelitis and to encourage positive directions for future research efforts.
Transection of the medial meniscus anterior horn results in cartilage degeneration and meniscus remodeling in a large animal model
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Miller Liane M. , Patel Jay M. , Meadows Kyle D. , Eby Michael R. , Saleh Kamiel S. , Martin Anthony R. , Stoeckl Brendan D. , Hast Michael W. , Elliott Dawn M. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe meniscus plays a central load‐bearing role in the knee joint. Unfortunately, meniscus injury is common and can lead to joint degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). In small animal models, progressive degenerative changes occur with the unloading of the meniscus via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). However, few large animal models of DMM exist and the joint‐wide initiation of the disease has not yet been defined in these models. Thus, the goal of this study is to develop and validate a large animal model of surgically induced DMM and to use multimodal (mechanical, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging) and multiscale (joint to tissue level) quantitative measures to evaluate degeneration in both the meniscus and cartilage. DMM was achieved using an arthroscopic approach in 13 Yucatan minipigs. One month after DMM, joint contact area decreased and peak pressure increased, indicating altered load transmission as a result of meniscus destabilization. By 3 months, the joint had adapted to the injury and load transmission patterns were restored to baseline, likely due to the formation and maturation of a fibrovascular scar at the anterior aspect of the meniscus. Despite this, we found a decrease in the indentation modulus of the tibial cartilage and an increase in cartilage histopathology scores at 1 month compared to sham‐operated animals; these deleterious changes persisted through 3 months. Over this same time course, meniscus remodeling was evident through decreased proteoglycan staining in DMM compared to sham menisci at both 1 and 3 months. These findings support that arthroscopic DMM results in joint degeneration in the Yucatan minipig and provide a new large animal testbed in which to evaluate therapeutics and interventions to treat post‐traumatic OA that originates from a meniscal injury.
Land use policies in Nepal: An overview
Authors: Nepal Pashupati , Khanal Narendra R. , Zhang Yili , Paudel Basanta , Liu Linshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLand degradation due to change in land use and land cover (LULC) is one of the most serious global environmental problems. Public policies are important drivers of LULC change and play equally important role in promoting sustained land use. An understanding of the policies framed under different socio‐economic and political conditions and its implications helps refining the policies for sustained land use. This paper discusses the policies, legislative and institutional provisions made by the government for LULC resources, its implications with gaps and constraints for further improvement. Both published and unpublished documents – government policies, legislations, and reports; historical documents such as land grant certificates; articles and books were collected, reviewed, and analyzed covering a period of 409 years. The results show that policies and legislation were guided by different goals in different political and socio‐economic contexts, and have led different pathways. Before 1951, they were guided by royal orders with the goal of exploiting free labour, increasing land tax revenues, and gaining favor from influential people in the government resulting expansion of agricultural areas, deforestation, and reclamation of waste land. After 1951, they were focused on the redistribution of agricultural land. Later in the 1980s and 1990s, the policies were emphasized on conservation and the people's participation. Recently, the concept of land use zoning was introduced. It also shows that there are overlapping of roles and responsibilities of institutions and lack of coordination among government agencies. An effective coordination mechanism among intuitions is crucial for sustained land management.
Excellent Mechanical and Transparency Properties of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane Films Modified by Boehmite Sol
Authors: Pan Peiting , Du Xiaosheng , Qiu Jinghong , Du Zongliang , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe strategies for nanosol from metal alkoxide have enabled production of ultratransparent and mechanically robust polymer nanocomposites at extremely high loading. Herein, a simple approach to fabricate high‐performance polyurethane‐based nanocomposites via unmodified boehmite nanoparticles is reported. Evaluating their physical properties, the uniform dispersion of boehmite in the matrix caused nanocomposites retains ultrahigh transparency. Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular entanglement between boehmite and polyurethane brings about the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites material enhanced, i.e., strength, stiffness, and toughness. Optimized strength, stiffness, and toughness of Boehmite/Cationic waterborne polyurethane at 40 wt% (BNC40) are up to 58.1 MPa, 1096.7 MPa, 249.5 MJ m−3, respectively. Furthermore, the feasibility and mechanism of polymer strengthening and toughening by inorganic rigid nanoparticles is explored from the aspects of crystallinity and micromorphology.