bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of carbides in H13 steel during quenching process
Authors: Ning Angang , Gao Rui , Yue Stephen , Guo Hanjie , Li Lingxia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effects of cooling rate (CR) on the mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of carbides in H13 steel during quenching process were investigated. The retained austenite tends to be more unstable with increasing CRs, while the martensite increases gradually, based on XRD analyses and EBSD results. The values of hardness are increased, and the elongation along with impact energy is decreased, respectively, at higher CRs. Tensile strength remains above 2.0 GPa. Work hardening rates increase considerably in three samples, suggesting that transformation-induced plasticity effect may take place during the tensile test. Moreover, an increase in yield strength is observed when CR exceeds 15 K s−1, possibly due to a high volume fraction of martensite, decline in average grain size and precipitation of fine carbides. Types of the precipitates acquired were identified by electrolysis and XRD analyses. The results indicate the predominant existence of MC, M6C and M7C3, which are confirmed by SEM-EDS analyses and FactSage thermodynamic calculations. The size, volume and distribution of the carbides were also scrutinized under SEM. It is found that the volume fraction and size of the precipitates both decrease with increasing CRs. Based on these experimental data, an optimum CR for the quenching process could be determined to achieve the desired distribution of carbides, which in turn leads to the enhanced mechanical behaviors.
DrugRepV: a compendium of repurposed drugs and chemicals targeting epidemic and pandemic viruses
Authors: Rajput Akanksha , Kumar Archit , Megha Kirti , Thakur Anamika , Kumar Manoj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractViruses are responsible for causing various epidemics and pandemics with a high mortality rate e.g. ongoing SARS-CoronaVirus-2 crisis. The discovery of novel antivirals remains a challenge but drug repurposing is emerging as a potential solution to develop antivirals in a cost-effective manner. In this regard, we collated the information of repurposed drugs tested for antiviral activity from literature and presented it in the form of a user-friendly web server named ‘DrugRepV’. The database contains 8485 entries (3448 unique) with biological, chemical, clinical and structural information of 23 viruses responsible to cause epidemics/pandemics. The database harbors browse and search options to explore the repurposed drug entries. The data can be explored by some important fields like drugs, viruses, drug targets, clinical trials, assays, etc. For summarizing the data, we provide overall statistics of the repurposed candidates. To make the database more informative, it is hyperlinked to various external repositories like DrugBank, PubChem, NCBI-Taxonomy, Clinicaltrials.gov, World Health Organization and many more. ‘DrugRepV’ database (https://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/drugrepv/) would be highly useful to the research community working to develop antivirals.
Deep neural networks for predicting restricted mean survival times
Authors: Zhao Lili 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary
Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a useful summary measurement of the time-to-event data, and it has attracted great attention for its straightforward clinical interpretation. In this article, I propose a deep neural network model that directly relates the RMST to its baseline covariates for simultaneous prediction of RSMT at multiple times. Each subject’s survival time is transformed into a series of jackknife pseudo observations and then used as quantitative response variables in a deep neural network model. By using the pseudo values, a complex survival analysis is reduced to a standard regression problem, which greatly simplifies the neural network construction. By jointly modeling RMST at multiple times, the neural network model gains prediction accuracy by information sharing across times. The proposed network model was evaluated by extensive simulation studies and was further illustrated on three real datasets. In real data analyses, I also used methods to open the blackbox by identifying subject-specific predictors and their importance in contributing to the risk prediction.

Availability and implementation
The source code is freely available at http://github.com/lilizhaoUM/DnnRMST.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Procyonids Reveals Distinct Demographic Histories in Kinkajou (Potos flavus) and Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Authors: Tsuchiya Mirian T N , Dikow Rebecca B , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Frandsen Paul B , Rockwood Larry L , Maldonado Jesús E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Here, we present the initial comparison of the nuclear genomes of the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the kinkajou (Potos flavus) based on draft assemblies. These two species encompass almost 21 Myr of evolutionary history within Procyonidae. Because assemblies greatly impact downstream results, such as gene prediction and annotation, we tested three de novo assembly strategies (implemented in ALLPATHS-LG, MaSuRCA, and Platanus), some of which are optimized for highly heterozygous genomes. We discovered significant variation in contig and scaffold N50 and L50 statistics and genome completeness depending on the de novo assembler used. We compared the performance of these three assembly algorithms in hopes that this study will aid others looking to improve the quality of existing draft genome assemblies even without additional sequence data. We also estimate the demographic histories of raccoons and kinkajous using the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent and discuss the variation in population sizes with respect to climatic change during the Pleistocene, as well as aspects of their ecology and taxonomy. Our goal is to achieve a better understanding of the evolutionary history of procyonids and to create robust genomic resources for future studies regarding adaptive divergence and selection.
Teaching Family Nurse Practitioner Students to Provide Mental Health Care to Older Adults
Authors: Grando Victoria , Grando Roy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, FNPs have been challenged to deliver mental health services in the primary care setting. Over half of mental health services are provided in primary care, and one-quarter of all primary care patients have a mental disorder. Moreover, 20% of older adults have a mental or neurological disorder often not diagnosed. Nationally, it is estimated that 17% of older adults commit suicide, 15% have a mental condition, 11% have dementia, and 5% have a serious mental condition. There is a paucity of adequately prepared primary care providers trained in geropsychiatric treatment. A didactic course was developed to instruct FNP students in the skills needed to provide mental health treatment in primary care. We discuss mental illness in the context of culture to ensure that treatment is congruent with a patient’s unique cultural background and experiences. This shapes the patients’ beliefs and behaviors that influence the way they view their condition and what they perceive as acceptable solutions. We then go into detail about the common mental conditions that older adults exhibit. Through the case study method, students learn to identify the presenting problem, protocols for analyzing the case, which includes making differential diagnoses and a treatment plan including initial medications, non-medical treatments, and referral. Students are introduced to the DMS-5 to learn the criteria for mental health diagnosis with an emphasis on suicide, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, and neurocognitive disorders. We have found that students most often misdiagnose neurocognitive disorders.
Caregiver Mental Health Outcomes: Are There Differences Across Generations?
Authors: Mage Susanna , Rath Laura , Wilber Kathleen , Gassoumis Zachary 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Informal caregivers are a critical component of support for the rapidly aging population. Previous studies have addressed the effects of caregiving on mental health. However, they have not focused on differences among generational cohorts of caregivers of older adults, i.e., Millennial (born 1981-1996), Generation X (born 1965-1980), Baby Boomer (born 1946-1964), and Silent Generation (born 1928-1945). As the Millennial caregiver population grows in parallel with older adults and their increased needs, we must better understand Millennial responses to caregiving. Millennial caregivers provide a similar intensity of care as Baby Boomers in terms of hours per week but are more likely to be fully employed (40+ hours per week or more). We used caregiver data from the nationally representative Centers for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey from 2015-2017 to conduct negative binomial regression (n=50,745). Data analysis indicates that Millennial caregivers have an incidence rate ratio of 1.22 times more self-reported days of “stress, depression, and/or problems with emotions” compared to Generation X caregivers (p&lt;0.01); 1.64 times compared to Baby Boomers (p&lt;0.001); and 2.38 times compared to Silent Generation caregivers (p&lt;0.001). Generational differences show that Millennial caregivers may have different needs than older generations of caregivers. Rather than assuming that the policies and interventions designed for older generations of caregivers will fit younger generations, implications of this work can help inform: 1) the design of programs to support caregivers’ mental health, and 2) policy considerations that address the unique needs of a younger caregiver population.
Housing Insecurity and the Emotional and Physical Health of African Americans
Authors: Bhat Aarti , Jenkins August , Almeida David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Housing insecurity—or limited and/or unreliable access to quality housing— is a potent on-going stressor that can adversely impact individual well-being. This study extends previous research by investigating the impact of housing insecurity on both the emotional and physical health of aging African American adults using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher oversample of African Americans collected from 2012-2013 (N = 508; M age = 43.02; 57% women). Participants reported on their negative affect, number of chronic health conditions experienced in the last year, and experiences of housing insecurity since the 2008 recession (e.g., homelessness, threatened with foreclosure or eviction, lost home). Negative affect and chronic conditions, respectively, were regressed on housing insecurity, and the potential moderating effect of age was tested. Results showed that housing insecurity was associated with more negative affect (B = 0.05, SE = 0.03, p = .002) and chronic health conditions (B = 0.26, SE = 0.03, p &lt; .001). Additionally, the association between housing insecurity and negative affect was moderated by age (B = -0.11, SE = 0.00, p = .019), such that the effect of housing insecurity on negative affect was stronger for younger adults than for older adults. These results suggest that experiences of insecure housing leave African American adults vulnerable to compromised emotional and physical health, however, the negative effects of housing insecurity may attenuate with age.
Metformin Improves Cognition by Reducing Leaky Gut and Benefiting Gut Microbiome–Goblet Cell–Mucin Axis
Authors: Yadav Hariom , Ahmadi Shokouh , Wang Bo , Justice Jamie , Ding Jingzhong , Kitzman Dalane , McClain Donald , Kritchevsky Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults are suffering from several aging-related illnesses including cognitive decline and effective strategies to prevent and/or treat them are lacking, because of a poor understanding of therapeutic targets. Low-grade inflammation is a key risk factor of aging-related morbidities and mortalities, and it is often higher in older adults. Although, precise reasons for increased inflammation remain unknown, however, emerging evidence indicates that abnormal (dysbiotic) gut microbiome and dysfunctional gut permeability (leaky gut) are linked with increased inflammation in older adults. However, no drugs are available to treat aging-related microbiome dysbiosis and leaky gut, and little is known about the cellular and molecular processes that can be targeted to reduce leaky gut in older adults. Here, we demonstrated that metformin, a safe FDA approved antidiabetic drug, decreased leaky gut and inflammation in older obese mice, by beneficially modulating the gut microbiota. In addition, metformin increased goblet cell mass and mucin production in the older gut, thereby decreasing leaky gut and inflammation. Mechanistically, metformin increased the goblet cell differentiation markers by suppressing Wnt signaling. Our results suggest that metformin can prevent and treat aging-related leaky gut and inflammation, by beneficially modulating gut microbiome/goblet cell/mucin biology.
Associations Between a New Biomarker of Elevated Chronic Inflammation and Accelerated Aging
Authors: Rasmussen Line , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To further understand and measure the association between chronic inflammation, aging, and age-related diseases, broadly applicable standard biomarkers of systemic chronic inflammation are needed. We tested whether elevated blood levels of the emerging chronic inflammation marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were associated with accelerated aging, lower functional capacity, and cognitive decline. We used data from the population-representative longitudinal Dunedin Study (N=875). Plasma suPAR levels were analyzed at ages 38 and 45 years. We performed regression analyses adjusted for sex, smoking, and C-reactive protein. suPAR levels increased from 2.39 ng/mL (SD 0.89) at age 38 to 3.01 (SD 1.03) at age 45 years. Elevated suPAR was associated with accelerated pace of biological aging across multiple organ systems (β 0.28, 95% CI 0.21–0.35), older facial appearance (β 0.16, 95% CI 0.10–0.22), and with structural signs of older brain age (β 0.06, 95% CI -0.00–0.13). Moreover, participants with higher suPAR levels had lower functional capacity (more physical limitations [β 0.24, 95% CI 0.18–0.30]; slower gait speed [β -0.14, 95% CI -0.20; -0.08]) and greater decline in cognitive function (β -0.07, 95% CI -0.13; -0.01) from childhood to adulthood compared to those with lower suPAR levels. Finally, improvements in health habits between age 38 and 45 (smoking cessation or increased physical activity) were associated with less steep increases in suPAR levels over those years. Our findings provide initial support for the utility of suPAR in studying the role of chronic inflammation in accelerated aging and functional decline.
Microstructural Neuroimaging of Frailty in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Authors: Tian Qu , Resnick Susan , Landman Bennett , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Physical frailty is an age-related clinical syndrome that is related to adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and dementia. Recent studies have shown structural neuroimaging correlates with frailty. However, most existing evidence relies on brain volumetric measures. Whether brain microstructure is associated with frailty and its spatial distribution have not been explored. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we identified 776 cognitively normal participants aged 50 and older who had concurrent data on frailty and brain microstructure by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), including mean diffusivity (MD) of gray matter and fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter. We first identified neuroimaging markers that were associated with frailty score (0-5) and further examined their relationships with frailty status (0: non-frail, 1-2: pre-frail, 3+: frail) using multivariate linear regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, years of education, and Apolipoprotein E e4 carrier status. DTI-based neuroimaging markers that were associated with frailty status were localized in the supplementary motor area of the frontal lobe, several subcortical regions (putamen, caudate), and body and splenium of corpus callosum. This study demonstrates for the first time that microstructure of both gray and white matter differs by frailty levels in cognitively normal older adults. Brain areas were not widespread, but mostly localized in gray matter subcortical motor areas and white matter corpus callosum. Whether changes in brain microstructure precede future frailty development warrants further investigation.
Facilitators and Barriers to Engaging Stakeholders in Use-Inspired Aging Research
Authors: DiMaria-Ghalili Rose Ann , Sefcik Justine , Clark Katherine , Fisher Kathleen , Huh-Yoo Jina , Hirsch Jana , Gitlin Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Cell2Society Aging Research Network at Drexel University is a university-wide, novel ecosystem for the pursuit of use-inspired aging research focused on topics from cellular to societal level. Our goals include: 1) Engaging stakeholders to jointly participate in age-related research; 2) Collaborating to build an infrastructure for age-related research through team science; 3) Develop and implement person-centered research that matters to older adults. We apply interdisciplinary, use-inspired approaches in three areas of relevance to older individuals, their families, healthcare and payment systems, communities and policy makers: (a) preventing and managing chronic conditions, (b) enhancing active and purposeful living, and (c) enabling aging in place in home and communities. Our initial qualitative study described facilitators and barriers experienced by community-based service providers (N=9) and payers/providers (N=5) in the greater Philadelphia area when engaging with academic investigators. We conducted three focus groups. Participants were mostly female (64%), white (64%) and were at their organization between 1-10 years (79%).Conventional content analysis revealed that successful research partnerships were facilitated by: 1) trusted investigators and academic institutions and 2) demonstrated collaborative qualities of investigators (e.g., good communication; provides staff education). Negative experiences engaging with academic-led research were related to: 1) research leaving the community (e.g., results never being shared) and 2) organizational limitations (e.g., lack of internal resources to complete projects). These findings will inform the development of stakeholder-academic partnerships from 2020 onward to design use-inspired aging research initiatives.
Demography and shell use of the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus Fabricius, 1787 (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in two marine protected areas in Puerto Rico
Authors: Colón-Piñeiro Zuania , Nieves-Álvarez Juan J , Rodríguez-Fourquet Concepción 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Individuals of the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus Fabricius, 1787 use different gastropod shells for shelter during their life span. Availability of shells affects population traits, including density and size structure, influencing their fitness and survival. Locality and human presence can induce variation in the diversity and size of gastropod shells, influencing available shells for hermit crabs. We assessed how the diversity, size, and abundance of the occupied species of gastropod shells affect the density and demography of C. clypeatus in two marine protected areas (MPA) with different recreational use in Puerto Rico, Manatí (high) and Mona Island (low). We also evaluated the relationship between three shell traits (length, width, and aperture length) and the length of the crab chela as a size proxy. We did not find differences in the sex ratio. The density and median chela sizes were higher in crabs from Manatí. In Mona, however, they reached larger sizes. The diversity of occupied shell species was higher in Manatí than in Mona. Dimensions of occupied shells differed between genera and between study sites, and they scaled positively with hermit crab size. Differences in shells diversity, sizes, and abundance between MPAs might cause differences in density and demography of C. clypeatus. We only found large shells of Cittarium pica (Linnaeus, 1758), the only species occupied by larger individuals, occupied by hermit crabs in Mona. The low abundance of C. pica shells in Manatí might have affected the size of hermit crabs in this locality. Our in situ findings suggest that hermit crabs need larger shells to reach larger sizes as previously shown, and that location and the degree of human intervention might influence the availability of gastropod shells. Our study is the first attempt to characterize the demography and gastropod shells used by hermit crabs in Puerto Rico.
Post-operative oral chemoprophylaxis in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy mitigates VTE risk with a low side-effect profile
Authors: Verhoogt Wesley A M , Pietrzak Jurek R T , Ayeni Olufemi R , Cakic Josip N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hip arthroscopy (HA) has increased exponentially over the last decade. A recent systematic review found that the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 2%. This was higher than previous reports which may have underestimated the true incidence of VTE in HA. Thus, protocols to mediate VTE may be more necessary than previously thought. The aim of this article is to present a VTE prevention protocol and evaluate its subsequent efficacy. This is a prospective study of 880 consecutive HA cases. All patients were treated according to a predetermined VTE protocol which classified patients as high (≥1 risk factors) or low (no risk factors) risk for post-operative VTE. In high-risk patients, the protocol followed that of low-risk patients but additionally included rivaroxaban for 2 weeks post-operatively. The incidence of VTE was recorded and analysed in this study. A total of 880 HA cases at an average age of 35.4 years were evaluated, with 76.6% (n = 674) undergoing labral repair and concomitant cam and/or pincer resection, 17.2% (n = 151) of cases for isolated labral tear repaired, and 6.1% (n = 55) classified as other. The overall incidence of VTE was 0.45%. The incidence of VTE was 1.2% and 0.16% in high- and low-risk groups, respectively. Oral VTE prophylaxis was not associated with post-operative complications. This study demonstrated a lower rate of VTE in both risk groups. It highlights the value of a predetermined risk-adjusted protocol to VTE prophylaxis. Rivaroxaban prophylaxis is safe and efficacious in HA with a low associated morbidity.