bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonium nitrate regulated the color characteristic changes of pigments in Monascus purpureus M9
Authors: Chen Di , Wang Yurong , Chen Mianhua , Fan Pei , Li Guiling , Wang Changlu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMonascus pigments (MPs) with different color characteristics, produced by submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus M9, have potential application in food industry. In the present study, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the color characteristics of MPs were investigated. The concentration of intracellular pigments was significantly decreased when subjected to AN. The hue and lightness value indicated AN altered the total pigments appearance from original red to orange. The HPLC analysis for six major components of MPs showed that the production of rubropunctatin or monascorubrin, was significantly reduced to the undetectable level, whereas the yields of monascin, ankaflavin, rubropunctamine and monascorubramine, were apparently increased with AN supplement. To be noted, via real-time quantitative PCR strategy, the expression level of mppG, closely relative to orange pigments biosynthesis, was significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of mppE, involved in yellow pigments pathway, was up-regulated. Moreover, the broth pH value was dropped to 2.5–3.5 in the fermentation process resulted from AN treatment, along with the increased extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis. Taken together, the change of MPs categories and amounts by AN might be the driving force for the color characteristics variation in M. purpureus M9. The present study provided useful data for producing MPs with different compositions and modified color characteristics.
On Cesàro and Copson sequence spaces with weights
Authors: Saker S. H. , Abuelwafa Maryam M. , Zidan Ahmed M. , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we prove some properties of weighted Cesàro and Copson sequences spaces by establishing some factorization theorems. The results lead to two-sided norm discrete inequalities with best possible constants and also give conditions for the boundedness of the generalized discrete weighted Hardy and Copson operators.
Some new dynamic inequalities with several functions of Hardy type on time scales
Authors: Hamiaz Adnane , Abuelela Waleed , Saker Samir H. , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to prove some new dynamic inequalities of Hardy type on time scales with several functions. Our results contain some results proved in the literature, which are deduced as limited cases, and also improve some obtained results by using weak conditions. In order to do so, we utilize Hölder’s inequality, the chain rule, and the formula of integration by parts on time scales.
Convergence rate of Euler–Maruyama scheme for SDDEs of neutral type
Authors: Ji Yanting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the convergence rate of Euler–Maruyama (EM) scheme for stochastic differential delay equations (SDDEs) ofneutral type, where the neutral, drift, and diffusion terms are allowed to be of polynomial growth. More precisely, for SDDEs of neutral type driven by Brownian motions, we reveal that the convergence rate of the corresponding EM scheme is one-half; Whereas for SDDEs of neutral type driven by pure jump processes, we show that the best convergence rate of the associated EM scheme is slower than one-half. As a result, the convergence rate of general SDDEs of neutral type, which is dominated by pure jump process, is slower than one-half.
Sharp blowup rate for NLS with a repulsive harmonic potential
Authors: Zhou Rui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the blowup solutions of the$L^{2}$L2critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a repulsive harmonic potential. By using the results recently obtained by Merle and Raphaël and by Carles’ transform we establish in a quite elementary way universal and sharp upper and lower bounds of the blowup rate for the blowup solutions of the aforementioned equation. As an application, we derive upper and lower bounds on the$L^{r}$Lr-norms of the singular solutions.
Mathematical model of SIR epidemic system (COVID-19) with fractional derivative: stability and numerical analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Rubayyi T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study and analyze the susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) dynamics considering the effect of health system. We consider a general incidence rate function and the recovery rate as functions of the number of hospital beds. We prove the existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the model. We investigate all possible steady-state solutions of the model and their stability. The analysis shows that the free steady state is locally stable when the basic reproduction number $R_{0}$R0is less than unity and unstable when$R_{0} > 1$R0>1. The analysis shows that the phenomenon of backward bifurcation occurs when$R_{0}<1$R0<1. Then we investigate the model using the concept of fractional differential operator. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical analysis and study the effect of the parameters on the model for various fractional orders.
Merging statewide data in a public/university collaboration to address opioid use disorder and overdose
Authors: Becker William C. , Heimer Robert , Dormitzer Catherine M. , Doernberg Molly , D’Onofrio Gail , Grau Lauretta E. , Hawk Kathryn , Lin Hsiu-Ju , Secora Alex M. , Fiellin David A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
Describe methods to compile a unified database from disparate state agency datasets linking person-level data on controlled substance prescribing, overdose, and treatment for opioid use disorder in Connecticut.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team of university, state and federal agency experts planned steps to build the data analytic system: stakeholder engagement, articulation of metrics, funding to establish the system, determination of needed data, accessing data and merging, and matching patient-level data.

Results
Stakeholder meetings occurred over a 6-month period driving selection of metrics and funding was obtained through a grant from the Food and Drug Administration. Through multi-stakeholder collaborations and memoranda of understanding, we identified relevant data sources, merged them and matched individuals across the merged dataset. The dataset contains information on sociodemographics, treatments and outcomes. Step-by-step processes are presented for dissemination.

Conclusions
Creation of a unified database linking multiple sources in a timely and ongoing fashion may assist other states to monitor the public health impact of controlled substances, identify and implement interventions, and assess their effectiveness.
Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 3125 counties of the United States
Authors: Tian Ting , Zhang Jingwen , Hu Liyuan , Jiang Yukang , Duan Congyuan , Li Zhongfei , Wang Xueqin , Zhang Heping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The number of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States has risen sharply since March 2020. A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. The risk factors associated with county-level mortality of COVID-19 with various levels of prevalence are not well understood.

Methods
Using the data obtained from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program, this study applied a negative binomial design to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 as of August 27, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-varying cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to August 27, 2020. COVID-19 patients were not analyzed individually but were aggregated at the county-level, where the county-level deaths of COVID-19 confirmed by the local health agencies. Clustering analysis and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used in our statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 3125 infected counties were assigned into three classes corresponding to low, median, and high prevalence levels of infection. Several risk factors were significantly associated with the mortality counts of COVID-19, where higher level of air pollution (0.153, P < 0.001) increased the mortality in the low prevalence counties and elder individuals were more vulnerable in both the median (0.049, P < 0.001) and high (0.114, P < 0.001) prevalence counties. The segregation between non-Whites and Whites (low: 0.015, P < 0.001; median:0.025, P < 0.001; high: 0.019, P = 0.005) and higher Hispanic population (low and median: 0.020, P < 0.001; high: 0.014, P = 0.009) had higher likelihood of risk of the deaths in all infected counties.

Conclusions
The mortality of COVID-19 depended on sex, race/ethnicity, and outdoor environment. The increasing awareness of the impact of these significant factors may help decision makers, the public health officials, and the general public better control the risk of pandemic, particularly in the reduction in the mortality of COVID-19.

Graphic abstract
Exploring effects in tippers at island geomagnetic observatories due to realistic depth- and time-varying oceanic electrical conductivity
Authors: Rigaud Rafael , Kruglyakov Mikhail , Kuvshinov Alexey , Pinheiro Katia J. , Petereit Johannes , Matzka Juergen , Marshalko Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVertical magnetic transfer functions (tippers) estimated at island observatories can constrain the one-dimensional (1-D) conductivity distribution of the oceanic lithosphere and upper mantle. This is feasible due to the bathymetry-dependent ocean induction effect (OIE), which originates from lateral conductivity contrasts between ocean and land and leads to non-zero tippers even for 1-D conductivity distributions below the ocean. Proper analysis of island tippers requires accurate three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of the OIE, for which so far was performed assuming constant sea water electric conductivity with depth. In this study, we explore—using rigorous 3-D electromagnetic modeling—to what extent realistic, depth-dependent, oceanic conductivity affects island tippers. The modeling is performed for 11 island observatories around the world in the period range $$10^{-1}$$

10

-
1

to $$10^{4}$$

10
4

s. We also investigate the effect of seasonal variations of the oceanic conductivity and to which extent this could explain the observed systematic seasonal variation of tippers. Our model studies suggest that for most of the considered island observatories the effect from depth-varying oceanic conductivity is tangible and exceeds the error floor of 0.025, which usually is assigned to tippers during their inversion. The effect varies significantly with location, depending on regional bathymetry. Contrarily, the effects from seasonally varying oceanic conductivity were found to be too small to be worth consideration.
Biosynthesis of fluorescent silver nanoparticles from Leea coccinea leaves and their antibacterial potentialities against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv phaseoli
Authors: del Carmen Travieso Novelles María , Ortega Annie Rubio , Pita Beatriz Alvarez , López Mylene Corzo , Pérez Lianet Díaz , Medina Emilio Acosta , Pérez Oriela Pino 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNP) from plants is a simple, fast and environmentally safe route. In the present study, the aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Leea coccinea L. was evaluated as a possible source of reducing and stabilizing agents to obtain SNP. The synthesized SNP were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV–visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron and confocal microscopies and the antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli was evaluated using agar diffusion methods. The results showed that the evaluated extract was promising for the green synthesis of the SNP, which was visually identified by the formation of a dark-brown complex and the presence of a peak of maximum absorption at 470 nm in a UV–VIS spectrum. FTIR spectrum of SNP showed main characteristic signals of aromatic compounds, carboxylic group among others confirmed by phytochemical screening that made evident the presence of flavonoids, phenols, leucoanthocyanidins, terpenes and steroids groups. Fluorescent SNP with high degree of agglomeration were observed by the microscopical technics used. A promising antibacterial activity of SNP was shown by a zone of microbial growth inhibition. These results suggested the need for going deeper in the physico-chemical characterization and kinetic studies, as well as the biological evaluations to make possible the use of this plant source in the future development of antibacterial formulations for bean seed protection.
Investigating the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on saccadic adaptation and cortisol response
Authors: Gheorghe Delia A. , Panouillères Muriel T. N. , Walsh Nicholas D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the prefrontal cortex has been shown to modulate subjective, neuronal and neuroendocrine responses, particularly in the context of stress processing. However, it is currently unknown whether tDCS stimulation over other brain regions, such as the cerebellum, can similarly affect the stress response. Despite increasing evidence linking the cerebellum to stress-related processing, no studies have investigated the hormonal and behavioural effects of cerebellar tDCS.

Methods
This study tested the hypothesis of a cerebellar tDCS effect on mood, behaviour and cortisol. To do this we employed a single-blind, sham-controlled design to measure performance on a cerebellar-dependent saccadic adaptation task, together with changes in cortisol output and mood, during online anodal and cathodal stimulation. Forty-five participants were included in the analysis. Stimulation groups were matched on demographic variables, potential confounding factors known to affect cortisol levels, mood and a number of personality characteristics.

Results
Results showed that tDCS polarity did not affect cortisol levels or subjective mood, but did affect behaviour. Participants receiving anodal stimulation showed an 8.4% increase in saccadic adaptation, which was significantly larger compared to the cathodal group (1.6%).

Conclusion
The stimulation effect on saccadic adaptation contributes to the current body of literature examining the mechanisms of cerebellar stimulation on associated function. We conclude that further studies are needed to understand whether and how cerebellar tDCS may module stress reactivity under challenge conditions.
The critical need to develop tools assessing cerebellar reserve for the delivery and assessment of non-invasive cerebellar stimulation
Authors: Manto Mario , Kakei Shinji , Mitoma Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon-invasive cerebellar stimulation (NICS) aims to modulate cerebello-cerebral loops and cerebro-spinal loops, both for research and clinical applications. It is of paramount importance to establish and validate morphological and functional tools to quantify cerebellar reserve, defined as the capacity for restoration and compensation to pathology of the cerebellum. Using NICS without efforts to estimate cerebellar reserve will end up in conflicting results due to the very high heterogeneity of cerebellar disorders encountered in daily practice.
Future perspectives on swine viral vaccines: where are we headed?
Authors: Opriessnig Tanja , Mattei Ashley A. , Karuppannan Anbu K. , Halbur Patrick G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeliberate infection of humans with smallpox, also known as variolation, was a common practice in Asia and dates back to the fifteenth century. The world’s first human vaccination was administered in 1796 by Edward Jenner, a British physician. One of the first pig vaccines, which targeted the bacteriumErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae,was introduced in 1883 in France by Louis Pasteur. Since then vaccination has become an essential part of pig production, and viral vaccines in particular are essential tools for pig producers and veterinarians to manage pig herd health. Traditionally, viral vaccines for pigs are either based on attenuated-live virus strains or inactivated viral antigens. With the advent of genomic sequencing and molecular engineering, novel vaccine strategies and tools, including subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, became available and are being increasingly used in pigs. This review aims to summarize recent trends and technologies available for the production and use of vaccines targeting pig viruses.
Biosecurity in pig farms: a review
Authors: Alarcón Laura Valeria , Allepuz Alberto , Mateu Enric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe perception of the importance of animal health and its relationship with biosecurity has increased in recent years with the emergence and re-emergence of several diseases difficult to control. This is particularly evident in the case of pig farming as shown by the recent episodes of African swine fever or porcine epidemic diarrhoea. Moreover, a better biosecurity may help to improve productivity and may contribute to reducing the use of antibiotics. Biosecurity can be defined as the application of measures aimed to reduce the probability of the introduction (external biosecurity) and further spread of pathogens within the farm (internal biosecurity). Thus, the key idea is to avoid transmission, either between farms or within the farm. This implies knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases to be avoided that is not always available, but since ways of transmission of pathogens are limited to a few, it is possible to implement effective actions even with some gaps in our knowledge on a given disease. For the effective design of a biosecurity program, veterinarians must know how diseases are transmitted, the risks and their importance, which mitigation measures are thought to be more effective and how to evaluate the biosecurity and its improvements. This review provides a source of information on external and internal biosecurity measures that reduce risks in swine production and the relationship between these measures and the epidemiology of the main diseases, as well as a description of some systems available for risk analysis and the assessment of biosecurity. Also, it reviews the factors affecting the successful application of a biosecurity plan in a pig farm.
PRRSV detection by qPCR in processing fluids and serum samples collected in a positive stable breeding herd following mass vaccination of sows with a modified live vaccine
Authors: Lebret A. , Berton P. , Normand V. , Messager I. , Robert N. , Bouchet F. , Brissonnier M. , Boulbria G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the last two decades, in France, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) stabilization protocols have been implemented using mass vaccination with a modified live vaccine (MLV), herd closure and biosecurity measures. Efficient surveillance for PRRSV is essential for generating evidence of absence of viral replication and transmission in pigs. The use of processing fluid (PF) was first described in 2018 in the United States and was demonstrated to provide a higher herd-level sensitivity compared with blood samples (BS) for PRRSV monitoring. In the meantime, data on vertical transmission of MLV viruses are rare even as it is a major concern. Therefore, veterinarians usually wait for several weeks after a sow mass vaccination before starting a stability monitoring. This clinical study was conducted in a PRRSV-stable commercial 1000-sow breed-to-wean farm. This farm suffered from a PRRS outbreak in January 2018. After implementing a stabilisation protocol, this farm was controlled as stable for more than 9 months before the beginning of the study. PF and BS at weaning were collected in four consecutive batches born after a booster sow mass MLV vaccination. We failed to detect PRRSV by qPCR on PF and BS collected in a positive-stable breeding herd after vaccination with ReproCyc® PRRS EU (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany).
A study of the proficiency and performance of Iranian Air Traffic Controllers: attitude, work experience and specific aviation English courses
Authors: Rahmati Massoud , Izadpanah Siros 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study is an exploratory study, which was conducted in relation to the study of the proficiency and performance of Iranian Air Traffic Controllers: attitude, work experience, and specific Aviation English courses. Few studies have been conducted in this field. The Aviation English Courses in Iran are very similar to Content-Based Language Training (CBLT) courses. To this end, the participants were 278 Iranian ATCOs who were selected from 1000 Iranian ATCOs based on Cochran formula. The instrument was designed by the European organization for the safety of air navigation. For data to be analyzed in this study, software SPSS 24.0, AMOS 23.0, structural equation model (SEM), path analysis model, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have been used. According to the main findings of this research based on its research hypotheses, firstly, the Iranian ATCOs’ performance had a significant positive effect on proficiency. But in the effect of performance on proficiency, work experience did not have a positive moderating role and passing CBLT courses had a positive moderating role. Secondly, Iranian ATCOs’ work experience and passing CBLT courses in the effect of attitude on proficiency had not a good mediator. The results of this research can be used to improve the aviation English training in Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company.
Utilizing an automated tool analysis to evaluate EFL students’ writing performances
Authors: Petchprasert Anongnad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, the integration of linguistics and technology has been promoted and widely used in the field of linguistics and English writing research for several purposes. One of those purposes is to evaluate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing ability by using electronic assessment tools. In the current study, an automated writing evaluation tool (Coh-Metrix) was used to indicate English-major students’ writing performances based on the discourse components of the texts. The English texts generated for each writing task on two different topics were collected. The corpus analyses gathered from Coh-Metrix identified linguistic and discourse features that were interpreted to determine the 40 EFL undergraduate students’ English writing abilities. The students wrote and revised their essays in hand-written essays in class and resubmitted their essays in digital forms with corrections made. The results showed that these students demonstrated linguistic flexibility across writing assignments that they produced. The analyses also indicated that the length of the texts and the uses of the word concreteness, and the referential and deep cohesion had impacts on the students’ writing performances across the writing tasks. Besides, the findings suggest practical value in using an automated text analysis to support teachers’ instructional decisions that could help to identify improvement of students’ writing skill.