bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential targets for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis using cuticle‐ and hormone‐related genes revealed by a developmental transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liu Shi‐Huo , Xia Ying‐Dan , Zhang Qiang , Li Wei , Li Run‐Yan , Liu Yi , Chen Er‐Hu , Dou Wei , Stelinski Lukasz L , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an important agricultural pest and has developed resistance to many insecticides. To investigate vital genes participating in metamorphosis for development of additional control strategies, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis covering ten developmental stages of B. dorsalis was performed.RESULTSThere were 2132, 952, 1062, 2301 and 1333 differentially expressed genes identified during hatching, 1st‐instar larval molting, 2nd‐instar larval molting, pupariation and emergence, respectively. Further expression analyses indicated that genes in hormone‐ (20‐hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone) and cuticle‐ (chitin and cuticle protein) related pathways were essential for metamorphosis in B. dorsalis. Among chitinase (Cht) genes, BdCht‐5, −8 and −10 were differentially expressed during larval–larval, larval–pupal and pupal–adult moltings. However, BdCht7 was differentially expressed during egg–larval and larval–larval moltings. Knockdown of BdCht7 at the 1st‐instar larval stage disrupted normal development of larvae and was lethal to B. dorsalis. Among cuticle protein (CP) genes, 15 genes (BdCPLCG‐1, BdCPLCP‐2, BdCPAP1‐B2, BdRR1‐21, BdRR1‐31, BdRR2‐15, BdRR2‐26, BdRR2‐30, BdRR2‐32, BdTweedle‐9, BdTweedle‐24, BdRR2‐10, BdCPAP3‐C1, BdRR1‐34 and BdRR1‐41) were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings. Among hormone‐relative genes, BdJHBP‐4, −9 and −13 were differentially expressed during all five types of moltings, whereas BdJHBP‐5, −12 and BdHR4 were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals critical genes involved in development and metamorphosis of B. dorsaslis, and BdCht7 is dispensable for larval survival. It also provides comprehensive transcriptome information for finding more molecular targets to control this pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation to a warming climate in global climate models
Authors: Richter Jadwiga H. , Butchart Neal , Kawatani Yoshio , Bushell Andrew C. , Holt Laura , Serva Federico , Anstey James , Simpson Isla R. , Osprey Scott , Hamilton Kevin , Braesicke Peter , Cagnazzo Chiara , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Garcia Rolando R. , Gray Lesley J. , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Lott Francois , McLandress Charles , Naoe Hiroaki , Scinocca John , Stockdale Timothy N. , Versick Stefan , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei , Yukimoto Seiji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe compare the response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) to a warming climate in eleven atmosphere general circulation models that performed time‐slice simulations for present‐day, doubled, and quadrupled CO2 climates. No consistency was found among the models for the QBO period response, with the period decreasing by 8 months in some models and lengthening by up to 13 months in others in the doubled CO2 simulations. In the quadrupled CO2 simulations, a reduction in QBO period of 14 months was found in some models, whereas in several others the tropical oscillation no longer resembled the present‐day QBO, although it could still be identified in the deseasonalized zonal mean zonal wind timeseries. In contrast, all the models projected a decrease in the QBO amplitude in a warmer climate with the largest relative decrease near 60 hPa. In simulations with doubled and quadrupled CO2, the multi‐model mean QBO amplitudes decreased by 36 and 51%, respectively. Across the models the differences in the QBO period response were most strongly related to how the gravity wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and tropical vertical residual velocity responded to the increases in CO2 amounts. Likewise it was found that the robust decrease in QBO amplitudes was correlated across the models to changes in vertical residual velocity, parametrized gravity wave momentum fluxes, and to some degree the resolved upward wave flux. We argue that uncertainty in the representation of the parameterized gravity waves is the most likely cause of the spread among the eleven models in the QBO's response to climate change.
Exponential synchronization and state estimation of inertial quaternion‐valued Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks: Lexicographical order method
Authors: Wei Hongzhi , Wu Baowei , Tu Zhengwen 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper addresses the problems of synchronization and state estimation for a class of inertial quaternion‐valued Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks. By means of proper control strategy, sufficient conditions are derived for ascertaining exponential synchronization of quaternion‐valued Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks. Subsequently, the state estimation problem has also been augmented to achieve robust stable performance of the estimation error system. What should be mentioned is that, the system states considered in this paper are taking values in an interval, which implies that the states are varying between two different quaternions, thus, an optimal algorithm (lexicographical order method) is employed, which can be used to determine the “magnitude" of two different quaternions. In this case, the interval proposed by the quaternion‐valued is meaningful. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived theoretical results.
Effects of Carbonization Conditions on Structure and Gas Adsorption of Carbon Membranes Derived from Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Xu Beiyu , Zhao Xinpeng , Chen Hao , Su Shengpei , Yu Haibin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbon membranes were fabricated through the pre‐oxidation and pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Their chemical composition and structure morphology were characterized using FTIR, SEM and XRD; their CO2 and N2 adsorption isotherms were measured at 25 °C. The experimental results showed that heating rate and holding time have great influences on the pore structure during the pre‐oxidation process as well as the carbonization process. The pore structure of the carbon membrane is also influenced by carbonization temperature. The carbon membrane obtained at 700 °C has the largest CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.45 mmol/g at 101 kPa. The carbon membrane prepared at heating rate of 3 °C/min and holding time of 0.5 h at 800 °C displayed an excellent adsorption selectivity of CO2 over N2 evidenced by the fact that its CO2 adsorption capacity could reach 1.1 mmol/g and while it does not significantly adsorb N2.
Experimental and numerical studies on the lateral performance of concrete sandwich walls
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Aiqun 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA series of quasi‐static tests was presented to study the lateral behavior of concrete sandwich walls and the precast concrete sandwich walls; the finite element analysis (FEA) models were built for numerical simulation of the specimens, and the parameters affecting the seismic performance of sandwich walls, and the precast sandwich walls were also analyzed based on the FEA models. The results show that the shear failure occurs in regular squat shear wall; the setting of the foam plate effectively reduces the stiffness and load capacity, and the reasonable design of sandwich region is conducive to the seismic performance. The responses obtained by the FEA models match well with the experimental results. The stiffness and load capacity of sandwich wall are increased, but the ductility is reduced when the axial load is increased; the deformation capacity can be greatly improved by increasing the aspect ratio but at the cost of load capacity and stiffness; the reasonable match of load capacity, stiffness, and ductility can be achieved by maintaining the appropriate length and thickness of the foam plate. The greater the friction force of CAF in the vertical seam of precast sandwich wall, the greater the load capacity and initial stiffness and the stronger the integrity of the jointed wall. When the strength of SRS in the horizontal seam is small, the concrete sandwich wall basically maintains elasticity; the deformation is mainly concentrated on SRS; when the strength of SRS is too large, SRS do not yield or the yield displacement is large, and the load capacity is mainly affected by the concrete sandwich wall.
Preserving the coupled atmosphere–ocean feedback in initializations of decadal climate predictions
Authors: Brune Sebastian , Baehr Johanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn interannual to decadal time scales, memory in the Earth's climate system resides to a large extent in the slowly varying heat content of the ocean, which responds to fast atmospheric variability and in turn sets the frame for large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. This large‐scale coupled atmosphere–ocean feedback is generally well represented in today's Earth system models. This may fundamentally change when data assimilation is used to bring such models close to an observed state to initialize interannual to decadal climate predictions. Here, we review how the large‐scale coupled atmosphere–ocean feedback is preserved in common approaches to construct such initial conditions, with the focus on the initialized ocean state. In a set of decadal prediction experiments, ranging from an initialization of atmospheric variability only to full‐field nudging of both atmosphere and ocean, we evaluate the variability and predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, of the Atlantic multidecadal variability and North Atlantic subpolar gyre sea surface temperatures. We argue that the quality of initial conditions for decadal predictions should not purely be assessed by their closeness to observations, but also by the closeness of their respective predictions to observations. This prediction quality may depend on the representation of the simulated large‐scale atmosphere–ocean feedback.This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Analysis of shape data: From landmarks to elastic curves
Authors: Bharath Karthik , Kurtek Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProliferation of high‐resolution imaging data in recent years has led to substantial improvements in the two popular approaches for analyzing shapes of data objects based on landmarks and/or continuous curves. We provide an expository account of elastic shape analysis of parametric planar curves representing shapes of two‐dimensional (2D) objects by discussing its differences, and its commonalities, to the landmark‐based approach. Particular attention is accorded to the role of reparameterization of a curve, which in addition to rotation, scaling and translation, represents an important shape‐preserving transformation of a curve. The transition to the curve‐based approach moves the mathematical setting of shape analysis from finite‐dimensional non‐Euclidean spaces to infinite‐dimensional ones. We discuss some of the challenges associated with the infinite‐dimensionality of the shape space, and illustrate the use of geometry‐based methods in the computation of intrinsic statistical summaries and in the definition of statistical models on a 2D imaging dataset consisting of mouse vertebrae. We conclude with an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field.This article is categorized under:

Image and Spatial Data < Data: Types and Structure
Computational Mathematics < Applications of Computational Statistics
Benefits of Head‐starting for Blanding's Turtle Size Distributions and Recruitment
Authors: Thompson Daniel , Glowacki Gary , Ludwig Daniel , Reklau Rachel , Kuhns Andrew R. , Golba Callie Klatt , King Richard 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTHead‐starting is a widely used turtle conservation measure but its effectiveness is incompletely known. We evaluated the success of 2 long‐term Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) head‐starting programs in northeastern Illinois, USA, focusing on the effect that head‐starting has on turtle population body‐size distributions and whether head‐started turtles are successfully recruited as reproductive adults. From 1994 to 2017, we collected and incubated eggs from wild females and reared hatchlings for release back into 2 source populations in DuPage and Lake counties, Illinois. Releases occurred annually for 21‐ and 11‐year spans (~1,400 and 800 releases, respectively). We found that head‐starting resulted in significant shifts in Blanding's turtle population body‐size distributions. Prior to intervention, size distributions were strongly skewed toward large adults at both sites, a pattern sometimes interpreted as arising from elevated egg and hatchling mortality and a lack of juvenile recruitment. Currently, population body‐size distributions include a wide range of juvenile and adult size turtles. Importantly, head‐starts have begun reproducing in the 21‐year program and are approaching adult size in the 11‐year program. Blanding's turtle head‐starting shows promise for increasing recruitment in existing populations while threat mitigation is implemented. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Imaging glioma biology: spatial comparison of amino acid PET, amide proton transfer, and perfusion-weighted MRI in newly diagnosed gliomas
Authors: Schön S. , Cabello J. , Liesche-Starnecker F. , Molina-Romero M. , Eichinger P. , Metz M. , Karimov I. , Preibisch C. , Keupp J. , Hock A. , Meyer B. , Weber W. , Zimmer C. , Pyka T. , Yakushev I. , Gempt J. , Wiestler B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Imaging glioma biology holds great promise to unravel the complex nature of these tumors. Besides well-established imaging techniques such O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET)-PET and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging, amide proton transfer–weighted (APTw) imaging has emerged as a promising novel MR technique. In this study, we aimed to better understand the relation between these imaging biomarkers and how well they capture cellularity and vascularity in newly diagnosed gliomas.

Methods
Preoperative MRI and FET-PET data of 46 patients (31 glioblastoma and 15 lower-grade glioma) were segmented into contrast-enhancing and FLAIR-hyperintense areas. Using established cutoffs, we calculated hot-spot volumes (HSV) and their spatial overlap. We further investigated APTw and CBV values in FET-HSV. In a subset of 10 glioblastoma patients, we compared cellularity and vascularization in 34 stereotactically targeted biopsies with imaging.

Results
In glioblastomas, the largest HSV was found for APTw, followed by PET and CBV (p < 0.05). In lower-grade gliomas, APTw–HSV was clearly lower than in glioblastomas. The spatial overlap of HSV was highest between APTw and FET in both tumor entities and regions. APTw correlated significantly with cellularity, similar to FET, while the association with vascularity was more pronounced in CBV and FET.

Conclusions
We found a relevant spatial overlap in glioblastomas between hotspots of APTw and FET both in contrast-enhancing and FLAIR-hyperintense tumor. As suggested by earlier studies, APTw was lower in lower-grade gliomas compared with glioblastomas. APTw meaningfully contributes to biological imaging of gliomas.
High expression of ID1 in monocytes is strongly associated with phenotypic and functional MDSC markers in advanced melanoma
Authors: Melief Jeroen , Pico de Coaña Yago , Maas Roeltje , Fennemann Felix-Lennart , Wolodarski Maria , Hansson Johan , Kiessling Rolf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of immunotherapies for malignant melanoma is severely hampered by local and systemic immunosuppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is a transcriptional regulator that was shown to be centrally involved in the induction of immunosuppressive properties in myeloid cells in mice, while it was overexpressed in CD11b+cells in the blood of late-stage melanoma patients. Therefore, we comprehensively assessed ID1 expression in PBMC from stage III and IV melanoma patients, and studied ID1 regulation in models for human monocyte differentiation towards monocyte-derived dendritic cells. A highly significant elevation of ID1 was observed in CD33+CD11b+CD14+HLA-DRlowmonocytic MDSC in the blood of melanoma patients compared to their HLA-DRhighcounterparts, while expression of ID1 correlated positively with established MDSC markers S100A8/9 and iNOS. Moreover, expression of ID1 in monocytes significantly decreased in PBMC samples taken after surgical removal of melanoma metastases, compared to those taken before surgery. Finally, maturation of monocyte-derived DC coincided with a significant downregulation of ID1. Together, these data indicate that increased ID1 expression is strongly associated with expression of phenotypic and immunosuppressive markers of monocytic MDSC, while downregulation is associated with a more immunogenic myeloid phenotype. As such, ID1 may be an additional phenotypic marker for monocytic MDSC. Investigation of ID1 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker or its use as a target for modulating MDSC is warranted.
Laparoscopic transperitoneal and retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: a 20-year, single-institution experience with an analysis of the learning curve and tumor size [lap transper and retroper adrenalectomy]
Authors: Ottlakan Aurel , Paszt Attila , Simonka Zsolt , Abraham Szabolcs , Borda Bernadett , Vas Marton , Teleky Bela , Balogh Adam , Lazar Gyorgy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The superiority of laparoscopic transperitoneal (TP) versus retroperitoneal (RP) adrenalectomy is an ongoing debate.

Methods
Data from 163 patients (TP: n = 135; RP: n = 28) undergoing minimally invasive adrenalectomy were analyzed. Both operative [intraoperative blood loss, previous abdominal surgery, conversion rate, operative time and tumor size] and perioperative [BMI (body mass index), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score, time of hospitalization, time of oral intake, histology and postoperative complications] parameters were compared. Both the learning curve (LC) and tumor size were analyzed.

Results
We found significant differences in the mean operative time (p = 0.019) and rate of previous abdominal surgery (p = 0.038) in favor of TP. Significantly larger tumors were removed with TP (p = 0.018). Conversion rates showed no significant difference (p = 0.257). Also, no significant differences were noted for time of hospitalization, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications. In terms of the LC, we saw significant differences in previous abdominal surgery (p = 0.015), conversion rate (p = 0.011) and operative time (p = 0.023) in favor of TP. Large (LT) and extra-large tumors (ELT) were involved in 47 lesions (LT: 40 vs. ELT: 7), with a mean tumor size of 71.85 and 141.57 mm, respectively. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 64.47 ml vs. 71.85 ml, time of hospitalization was 5.10 vs. 4.57 days and mean operative time was 76.52 vs. 79.28 min for LT and ELT, respectively.

Conclusion
A shorter operative time and lower conversion rate in favor of TP were noted during the learning curve. TP proved to be more effective in the removal of large-, extra-large and malignant lesions. The RP approach was feasible for smaller, benign lesions, with a more prolonged learning curve.
Objective assessment of surgical operative performance by observational clinical human reliability analysis (OCHRA): a systematic review
Authors: Tang Benjie , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Both morbidity and mortality data (MMD) and learning curves (LCs) do not provide information on the nature of intraoperative errors and their mechanisms when these adversely impact on patient outcome. OCHRA was developed specifically to address the unmet surgical need for an objective assessment technique of the quality of technical execution of operations at individual operator level. The aim of this systematic review was to review of OCHRA as a method of objective assessment of surgical operative performance.

Methods
Systematic review based on searching 4 databases for articles published from January 1998 to January 2019. The review complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and includes original publications on surgical task performance based on technical errors during operations across several surgical specialties.

Results
Only 26 published studies met the search criteria, indicating that the uptake of OCHRA during the study period has been low. In 31% of reported studies, the operations were performed by fully qualified consultant/attending surgeons and by surgical trainees in 69% in approved training programs. OCHRA identified 7869 consequential errors (CE) during the conduct of 719 clinical operations (mean = 11 CEs). It also identified ‘hazard zones’ of operations and proficiency–gain curves (P-GCs) that confirm attainment of persistent competent execution of specific operations by individual trainee surgeons. P-GCs are both surgeon and operation specific.

Conclusions
Increased OCHRA use has the potential to improve patient outcome after surgery, but this is a contingent progress towards automatic assessment of unedited videos of operations. The low uptake of OCHRA is attributed to its labor-intensive nature involving human factors (cognitive engineering) expertise. Aside from faster and more objective peer-based assessment, this development should accelerate increased clinical uptake and use of the technique in both routine surgical practice and surgical training.
Educational step-by-step surgical video about operative technique in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) at University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC): 17 steps standardized technique—Lessons learned since the first worldwide RPD performed in the year 2001
Authors: Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo , Mangano Alberto , Bustos Roberto E. , Fernandes Eduardo , Masrur Mario A. , Valle Valentina , Gangemi Antonio , Bianco Francesco M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
RPD (Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy) was first performed by P. C. Giulianotti in 2001 (Arch Surg 138(7):777–784, 2003). Since then, the complexity and lack of technique standardization has slowed down its widespread utilization. RPD has been increasingly adopted worldwide and in few centres is the preferred apporached approach by certain surgeons. Some large retrospective series are available and data seem to indicate that RPD is safe/feasible, and a valid alternative to the classic open Whipple. Our group has recently described a standardized 17 steps approach to RPD (Giulianotti et al. Surg Endosc 32(10): 4329–4336, 2018). Herin, we present an educational step-by-step surgical video with short technical/operative description to visually exemplify the RPD 17 steps technique.

Methods
The current project has been approved by our local Institutional Review Board (IRB). We edited a step-by-step video guidance of our RPD standardized technique. The data/video images were collected from a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database (IRB approved). The narration and the images describe hands-on operative “tips and tricks” to facilitate the learning/teaching/evaluation process.

Results
Each of the 17 surgical steps is visually represented and explained to help the in-depth understanding of the relevant surgical anatomy and the specific operative technique.

Conclusions
Educational videos descriptions like the one herein presented are a valid learning/teaching tool to implement standardized surgical approaches. Standardization is a crucial component of the learning curve. This approach can create more objective and reproducible data which might be more reliably assessed/compared across institutions and by different surgeons. Promising results are arising from several centers about RPD. However, RPD as gold standard-approach is still a matter of debate. Randomized-controlled studies (RCT) are required to better validate the precise role of RPD.