bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming an Affiliation Between Two Culturally Different Academic Institutions of Nursing Studies
Authors: Segev Ronen , Strauss Ester 
Published: December 2020

Introduction This article describes the association of two culturally different institutions opening a joint Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program for ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) women in order to enable them to find jobs due to changes in their society and increasing global demand for nurses in the labor market. The objective of this description is to illustrate the efforts and changes needed to facilitate the affiliation of two culturally and ideologically different organizations and the implications and conclusions of such a program. Methods The study is based on interviews with past administrators, a review of the literature, and supporting institution documents. Conclusions A joint nursing academic program was founded by two culturally different educational institutions for the ultra-Orthodox Jewish women population. Creating a culturally sensitive nursing academic program helped ultra-Orthodox women acquire an academic profession which enabled their integration into the academic professional's work world and add more nurses to the labor market. The authors reviewed the efforts and changes needed to facilitate the affiliation of two culturally and ideologically different organizations based on the Bolman and Deal four frames model.
A Study on First Ischemic Stroke Patients for Prevalence of Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis and Risk Factors: Our Experience in Northeast India and Review of Literature
Authors: Das Prabuddha J. , Handique Sanjeev K. , Saharia Baijayanta 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and risk factors in stroke patients of northeast India. This is a prospective hospital-based study on 157 first ischemic stroke patients of the region. Method: A total of 157 patients presenting with first ever sudden onset focal neurological deficit lasting for more than 24 hours due to acute ischemic brain infarction were selected, after excluding other causes of focal neurological deficit by imaging. All extracranial carotid arteries were evaluated with carotid ultrasonography. Forty-four patients also had computed tomography (CT) angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries. Risk factors of stroke were recorded for each patient. Results: Only 8.92% patients had significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis. There was high prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis compared to extracranial artery stenosis in patients who had CT angiography. There was high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Increased age and male sex were important factors associated with first ischemic stroke. Conclusion: The prevalence of significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis is low in northeast Indian patients with first ischemic stroke, indicating that it is not a major cause of ischemic stroke in this population. There may be high prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis compared to extracranial artery stenosis.
IGFBP7 activates retinoid acid–induced responses in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells
Authors: van Gils Noortje , Verhagen Han J. M. P. , Rutten Arjo , Menezes Renee X. , Tsui Mei-Ling , Vermue Eline , Dekens Esmée , Brocco Fabio , Denkers Fedor , Kessler Floortje L. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Smit Linda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with low doses of arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy leads to exceptionally high cure rates (&gt;90%). ATRA forces APL cells into differentiation and cell death. Unfortunately, ATRA-based therapy has not been effective among any other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype, and long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low; only 30% of AML patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Here, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as part of ATRA-induced responses in APL cells. Most importantly, we observed that addition of recombinant human IGFBP7 (rhIGFBP7) increased ATRA-driven responses in a subset of non-APL AML samples: those with high RARA expression. In nonpromyelocytic AML, rhIGFBP7 treatment induced a transcriptional program that sensitized AML cells for ATRA-induced differentiation, cell death, and inhibition of leukemic stem/progenitor cell survival. Furthermore, the engraftment of primary AML in mice was significantly reduced following treatment with the combination of rhIGFBP7 and ATRA. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergism of ATRA and rhIGFBP7 is due, at least in part, to reduction of the transcription factor GFI1. Together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of IGFBP7 and ATRA combination treatment to eliminate primary AML (leukemic stem/progenitor) cells and reduce relapse in AML patients.
Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and improve barrier integrity in clinically relevant models of ARDS
Authors: Dutra Silva Johnatas , Su Yue , Calfee Carolyn S. , Delucchi Kevin L. , Weiss Daniel , McAuley Danny F. , O'Kane Cecilia , Krasnodembskaya Anna D. 
Published: December 2020

Alveolar epithelial–capillary barrier disruption is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the compromised alveolar-capillary barrier in ARDS remains unclear. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are considered as a cell-free therapy for ARDS. Mitochondrial transfer was shown to be important for the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-EVs. Here we investigated the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the injury of alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers in ARDS and the ability of MSC-EVs to modulate alveolar–capillary barrier integrity through mitochondrial transfer.Primary human small airway epithelial and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and human precision cut lung slices (PCLSs) were stimulated with endotoxin or plasma samples from patients with ARDS and treated with MSC-EVs, barrier properties and mitochondrial functions were evaluated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured mice were treated with MSC-EVs and degree of lung injury and mitochondrial respiration of the lung tissue were assessed.Inflammatory stimulation resulted in increased permeability coupled with pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction in both types of primary cells and PCLSs. Extracellular vesicles derived from normal MSCs restored barrier integrity and normal levels of oxidative phosphorylation while an extracellular vesicles preparation which did not contain mitochondria was not effective.In vivo, presence of mitochondria was critical for extracellular vesicles ability to reduce lung injury and restore mitochondrial respiration in the lung tissue.In the ARDS environment, MSC-EVs improve alveolar–capillary barrier properties through restoration of mitochondrial functions at least partiallyviamitochondrial transfer.
Why is a paediatric respiratory specialist integral to the paediatric rheumatology clinic?
Authors: Ramphul Manisha , Gallagher Kathy , Warrier Kishore , Jagani Sumit , Bhatt Jayesh Mahendra 
Published: December 2020

Systemic connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies and multiorgan involvement. Although CTDs are rare in children, they are associated with pulmonary complications, which have a high morbidity and mortality rate. The exact pathophysiology remains unclear. The pleuropulmonary complications in CTD are diverse in their manifestations and are often complex to diagnose and manage.The most common CTDs are discussed. These include juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease. We describe the clinical features of the pleuropulmonary complications, focusing on their screening, diagnosis and monitoring. Treatment strategies are also discussed, highlighting the factors and interventions that influence the outcome of lung disease in CTD and pulmonary complications of treatment.Early detection and prompt treatment in a multidisciplinary team setting, including respiratory and rheumatology paediatricians and radiologists, is paramount in achieving the best possible outcomes for these patients.
Lung function improvements following inhaled indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone furoate are independent of dosing time in asthma patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Beier Jutta , Watz Henrik , Diamant Zuzana , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Singh Dave , Pinot Pascale , Jones Ieuan , Tillmann Hanns-Christian 
Published: December 2020

Once-daily asthma treatment should prevent night-time deterioration, irrespective of the time of dosing. IND/GLY/MF, a fixed-dose combination of inhaled indacaterol acetate (IND, long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)), glycopyrronium bromide (GLY, long-acting muscarinic antagonist) and mometasone furoate (MF, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)) delivered by Breezhaler, is indicated in adult asthma patients inadequately controlled on LABA/ICS.A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period, crossover, phase II study was performed to investigate the bronchodilator effect of IND/GLY/MF (150/50/80 μg) dosed morning and eveningversusplacebo in patients with mild-moderate asthma. The primary end-point was weighted mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over 24 h following 14 days of IND/GLY/MF dosed a.m. and p.m.versusplacebo. Secondary end-points included the effect of dosing time on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and safety/tolerability.Of 37 randomised patients (age 18–72 years; 21 male, 16 female) 34 completed all three treatment periods. At screening, median (range) pre-bronchodilator FEV1was 75.8% (60–96%). Patients were using stable low- (83.8%) or medium-dose (16.2%) ICS. Morning and evening dosing of IND/GLY/MF improved FEV1(area under the curve from 0 to 24 h) by 610 mL (90% CI 538–681 mL) and 615 mL (90% CI 544–687 mL), respectively,versusplacebo. Mean PEF over 14 days increased by 70.7 L·min−1(90% CI 60.5–80.9 L·min−1) following a.m. dosing, and by 59.7 L·min−1(90% CI 49.5–69.9 L·min−1) following p.m. dosing of IND/GLY/MFversusplacebo. IND/GLY/MF demonstrated a safety profile comparable with placebo.Once-daily inhaled IND/GLY/MF was well tolerated and provided sustained lung function improvements over 24 h, irrespective of a.m. or p.m. dosing, in patients with mild–moderate asthma.
Efficacy of indacaterol/glycopyrroniumversussalmeterol/fluticasone in current and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis of IGNITE trials
Authors: Halpin David M.G. , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Mezzi Karen , Gupta Pritam , Kostikas Konstantinos , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. 
Published: December 2020

Inhaled corticosteroids have proven to be less effective in asthmatic patients who smoke; however, there is limited information on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimens in COPD patients who continue smoking. We evaluate the differential efficacy of once-daily indacaterol/glycopyrronium 110/50 µg compared with twice-daily salmeterol/fluticasone 50/500 µg in current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD.A pooled analysis of data from ILLUMINATE, LANTERN and FLAME studies was conducted to assess the efficacy of indacaterol/glycopyrronium compared with salmeterol/fluticasone in current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. Efficacy was assessed in terms of improvements in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),transition dyspnoea index (TDI) focal score, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, reduced rescue medication use and exacerbation prevention at 26 weeks after the start of the therapy.In total, 1769 (38%) current smokers and 2848 (62%) ex-smokers were included. Patients treated with indacaterol/glycopyrronium experienced greater improvements in trough FEV1versussalmeterol/fluticasone in both current and ex-smokers (least squares mean treatment difference, 105 mL and 78 mL, respectively). Improvements in TDI focal score, SGRQ total score and reduction in rescue medication use were also greater with indacaterol/glycopyrroniumversussalmeterol/fluticasone in current and ex-smokers. Furthermore, indacaterol/glycopyrronium reduced all exacerbations (moderate/severe) compared with salmeterol/fluticasone, irrespective of smoking status. The difference in efficacy in favour of indacaterol/glycopyrronium was more prominent in current smokers in most cases.Indacaterol/glycopyrronium demonstrated greater efficacyversussalmeterol/fluticasone, and the differences were generally more prominent in current smokers suggesting smoking may reduce the effects of salmeterol/fluticasone.
Thymosin β10 promotes tumor-associated macrophages M2 conversion and proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Jun , Yang Xianggui , Yang Li , Li Wancheng , Zheng Yaxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Thymosin β10 (TMSB10) has been reported to play a protumorigenic role in a majority of solid cancers. However, the existence of TMSB10 in immune microenvironment may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma has not been previously explored.

Method
TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 184 lung adenocarcinomas. Xenograft mice model was established to investigate the effect of TMSB10 shRNA on TAMs phenotypes. The macrophages phenotype associated cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA after treated with TMSB10 shRNA or scramble. Furthermore, the target proteins were detected by immunoblotting.

Results
We found that high TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was significantly correlated with the advanced TNM stage and T3/T4 tumor size. And high TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall and progression-free survival of lung adenocarcinoma, acting as an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we investigated the biological functions of TMSB10 in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. TMSB10 knockdown dramatically reduced TAMs, THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and promoted macrophages phenotype conversion of M2 to M1, and TMSB10 knockdown reduced the levels of p-Akt (Sec473), p-mTOR (Sec2448) and p-p70S6K (Thr389) without effect on Akt, mTOR and p70S6K expression.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that TAMs-associated TMSB10 promotes tumor growth through increasing TAMs M2 conversion and proliferation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, providing a promising tumor biomarker for predicting prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Risk perception regarding the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population: a comparative Middle East survey
Authors: Shahin Mahmoud Abdel Hameed , Hussien Rasha Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
People’s perceptions of pandemic-associated risk are key factors contributing to increased public participation in disease preventive measures. The aim of the study was to investigate risk perceptions regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, among the general population. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 723 participants, recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan. Data collection was performed using a standardized risk perception assessment questionnaire, in April 2020.

Results
The mean score for the perception of COVID-19 seriousness was significantly higher and the mean scores for the perception of disease susceptibility and extent of anxiety were also higher among Saudi Arabian participants than participants from Egypt and Jordan. Participants from Egypt had significantly lower mean scores for the perception of efficacy and self-efficacy to cope with COVID-19, and significantly lower intention to comply with COVID-19 precautionary measures than the other populations. A significant positive correlation was detected between the perception of COVID-19 seriousness and self-efficacy to handle COVID-19, for the entire sample. The primary reasons reported by participants driving their willingness to perform certain preventive measures against COVID-19 was a feeling of responsibility toward their own health, followed by preventing transmission to other people and the feeling that COVID-19 can be serious. Most of the study sample reported a desire to receive information about COVID-19 treatment, ways to prevent disease contraction, and the incubation period for the novel coronavirus. Also, most of the study sample reported that they prefer receiving COVID-19 updates from national authorities.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, communications designed to promote the adoption of preventive behaviors should focus on increasing the perception of seriousness, the risk perception, self-efficacy to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effectiveness of the adopted behavioral measures for reducing risk. Health education programs that are tailored to various sociodemographic categories, to improve public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes, are vital for increasing the adoption of outbreak preventive measures.
Lorentz violation induced by Rashba coupling via non-commutative geometry
Authors: Aghababaei S. , Rezaei G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we consider a simple non-relativistic quantum system for a particle confined inside a pseudo-harmonic oscillator potential in the non-commutative space. We study the influence of non-commutative background on the energy spectrum of the particle by considering the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We show that the Rashba interaction can generate the Lorentz violation effect in the non-commutative background, which is independent of potential. Finally, we find a compatible bound on the Lorentz violation parameter of electrons as an order of

in the non-relativistic system.
Care experiences of younger people and next of kin following myocardial infarction
Authors: Andersson Ewa Kazimiera , Skär Lisa , Hjelm Markus 
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims Coronary heart diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a major health problem worldwide. Little is known about the cardiac care experiences post myocardial infarction of younger people and their next of kin. This study aimed to describe the cardiac care experiences of post-myocardial infarction younger people (<55 years old) and their next of kin. Method This study employed an exploratory inductive qualitative design involving individual interviews with younger people (n=17) and their next of kin (n=13). Results Three categories were identified and patients were deemed to be in need of: tailored information, recognition and a post-discharge rehabilitation plan Conclusions Findings demonstrated the importance of using the experiences of younger people and their next of kin as the starting point when planning care and cardiac rehabilitation. Health professionals must systematically and purposefully provide person-centred care, both in hospital and post-discharge settings. Next of kin must be regarded as an important resource in post-myocardial infarction care for younger people, as they tend to be engaged in providing their relatives with support, which is valuable for the recovery of young people post myocardial infarction. Further research is warranted to investigate what makes person-centred interventions directed towards post-myocardial infarction younger people and their next of kin effective.
The prevalence, mortality, and associated risk factors for developing COVID-19 in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Ng Nathan , Simpson Cameron J. , Patton Robyn F. L. , Hall Andrew James , Simpson A. Hamish. R. W. , Duckworth Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

Aims The aims of this meta-analysis were to assess: 1) the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hip fracture patients; 2) the associated mortality rate and risk associated with COVID-19; 3) the patient demographics associated with COVID-19; 4) time of diagnosis; and 5) length of follow-up after diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods Searches of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar were performed in October 2020 in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Search terms included “hip”, “fracture”, and “COVID-19”. The criteria for inclusion were published clinical articles reporting the mortality rate associated with COVID-19 in hip fracture patients. In total, 53 articles were identified and following full text screening 28 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 28 studies reported the mortality of COVID-19-positive patients, of which 21 studies reported the prevalence of COVID-19-positive patients and compared the mortality rate to COVID-19-negative patients. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI) 11% to 16%) and was associated with a crude mortality rate of 35% (95% CI 32% to 39%), which was a significantly increased risk compared to those patients without COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR) 7.11, 95% CI 5.04 to 10.04; p < 0.001). COVID-19-positive patients were more likely to be male (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.96; p = 0.002). The duration of follow-up was reported in 20 (71.4%) studies. A total of 17 studies reported whether a patient presented with COVID-19 (n = 108 patients, 35.1%) or developed COVID-19 following admission (n = 200, 64.9%), of which six studies reported a mean time to diagnosis of post-admission COVID-19 at 15 days (2 to 25). Conclusion The prevalence of COVID-19 was 13%, of which approximately one-third of patients were diagnosed on admission, and was associated with male sex. COVID-19-positive patients had a crude mortality rate of 35%, being seven times greater than those without COVID-19. Due to the heterogenicity of the reported data minimum reporting standards of outcomes associated with COVID-19 are suggested. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):873–883.