bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis from 2004 to 2018 in Chongqing, China
Authors: Jing Dan , Zhao Han , Ou Rong , Zhu Hua , Hu Ling , Giri Mohan , Ye Mengliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChongqing is one of the five provinces in China that has the highest incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Data of AHC cases from 2004 to 2018 were obtained from National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System (NNDRIS). Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics; incidence maps were used to reflect incidence trends in each district; spatial autocorrelation was used to identify hotspot regions and spatiotemporal patterns of AHC outbreaks; spatiotemporal scan were conducted to identify AHC clusters. A total of 30,686 cases were reported with an annual incidence of 7.04 per 100,000. The incidence rates were high in 2007 and 2014, and large epidemics were observed in 2010 with the seasonal peak in September. Individuals aged 10–19 years, males, students and farmers were the prime high-risk groups. Except for 2012 and 2013, the spatial distribution of AHC did not exhibit significant global spatial autocorrelation. Local indicators of spatial association showed that the high-risk regions are Chengkou and Wuxi. The spatiotemporal scan indicated that all clusters occurred in September 2010, and the high-incidence clusters were mainly distributed in the northeast of Chongqing. The results could assist public health agencies to consider effective preventive measures based on epidemiological factors and spatiotemporal clusters in different regions.
Classification and mutation prediction based on histopathology H&E images in liver cancer using deep learning
Authors: Chen Mingyu , Zhang Bin , Topatana Win , Cao Jiasheng , Zhu Hepan , Juengpanich Sarun , Mao Qijiang , Yu Hong , Cai Xiujun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of liver cancer, and assessing its histopathological grade requires visual inspection by an experienced pathologist. In this study, the histopathological H&E images from the Genomic Data Commons Databases were used to train a neural network (inception V3) for automatic classification. According to the evaluation of our model by the Matthews correlation coefficient, the performance level was close to the ability of a 5-year experience pathologist, with 96.0% accuracy for benign and malignant classification, and 89.6% accuracy for well, moderate, and poor tumor differentiation. Furthermore, the model was trained to predict the ten most common and prognostic mutated genes in HCC. We found that four of them, including CTNNB1, FMN2, TP53, and ZFX4, could be predicted from histopathology images, with external AUCs from 0.71 to 0.89. The findings demonstrated that convolutional neural networks could be used to assist pathologists in the classification and detection of gene mutation in liver cancer.
Training Complements for Belief Reasoning in Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Durrleman Stephanie , Delage Hélène 
Published: June 2020

PurposeChildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience difficulties with an important Theory of Mind milestone, namely, false belief (FB) reasoning. Their FB success relates to mastery of a linguistic structure that is also challenging for them, namely, sentential complements (e.g.,Claire says/thinks [that Santa Claus exists]). Training typically developing (TD) children on complements has been shown to boost complements and, in turn, enhance FB, but such training has never been explored with children with DLD, which is the aim of the current study.MethodFifty French-speaking children followed a novel training program: 30 with DLD (Mage= 7;3) and 20 TD (Mage= 4;3). They engaged in iPad applications targeting complementation with verbs of communication (e.g.,say, shout, answer) during eight to 12 sessions lasting 30 min. Training commenced within 1–2 weeks of pretests and ceased 1–2 weeks before immediate posttests. After immediate posttests, the majority of children were available to be tested with follow-up tests after 4–6 weeks of no training.ResultsFindings revealed that both TD and DLD groups benefited from the training to significantly improve their complementation and FB scores. The gains achieved during immediate posttests were moreover maintained 6–8 weeks after training ceased, as revealed by preserved levels of performance during follow-up posttests.ConclusionThis research thus suggests new avenues for therapeutic interventions for children with DLD, namely, the incorporation of a program directly training complements, which holds the promise of a double benefit, both for these structures and for Theory of Mind.
Design of reconfigurable circularly polarised double folded inverted‐L antenna with rectangular ground plane using HFSS
Authors: Praveen Kumar Padakandla Chenna , Trinatha Rao Polipalli 
Published: June 2020

A novel design of reconfigurable circularly polarised antenna is proposed and developed in the present work. The circularly polarised antenna consists of two linearly polarised inverted‐L antenna elements with double‐folded arms. To improve the impedance matching and radiation characteristics, the double‐folded structure plays a significant role. Circular polarisation is achieved by properly adjusting the lengths of two arms, quadrature currents can be produced on two orthogonal elements. The developed linearly polarised antenna elements are low‐profile and small in size, the circularly polarised antenna structure is minimised to be about 70 mm in length, 70 mm width and 18 mm in height (70 × 70 × 18 mm). The feeding configuration is simplified by using coaxial probe instead of an external polariser, better values are obtained between the theoretical calculations and simulated results, which validate the design concept. The designed reconfigurable circularly polarised double folded inverted‐L antenna is compared with twin inverted‐L shaped structure. The simulated results show that the circularly polarised antenna resonates at 2.39 GHz and has a wide impedance bandwidth of 6.00% S 11 with −32.16 dB and VSWR<2 and 3 dB axial ratio of 1.2 across the entire operating band.
Erosion of planetesimals by gas flow
Authors: Schaffer Noemi , Johansen Anders , Cedenblad Lukas , Mehling Bernhard , Mitra Dhrubaditya 
Published: June 2020

The first stages of planet formation take place in protoplanetary disks that are largely made up of gas. Understanding how the gas affects planetesimals in the protoplanetary disk is therefore essential. In this paper, we discuss whether or not gas flow can erode planetesimals. We estimated how much shear stress is exerted onto the planetesimal surface by the gas as a function of disk and planetesimal properties. To determine whether erosion can take place, we compared this with previous measurements of the critical stress that a pebble-pile planetesimal can withstand before erosion begins. If erosion took place, we estimated the erosion time of the affected planetesimals. We also illustrated our estimates with two-dimensional numerical simulations of flows around planetesimals using the lattice Boltzmann method. We find that the wall shear stress can overcome the critical stress of planetesimals in an eccentric orbit within the innermost regions of the disk. The high eccentricities needed to reach erosive stresses could be the result of shepherding by migrating planets. We also find that if a planetesimal erodes, it does so on short timescales. For planetesimals residing outside of 1 au, we find that they are mainly safe from erosion, even in the case of highly eccentric orbits.
Properties of brightest group galaxies in cosmic web filaments
Authors: Kuutma Teet , Poudel Anup , Einasto Maret , Heinämäki Pekka , Lietzen Heidi , Tamm Antti , Tempel Elmo 
Published: June 2020

Context. The cosmic web, a complex network of galaxy groups and clusters connected by filaments, is a dynamical environment in which galaxies form and evolve. However, the impact of cosmic filaments on the properties of galaxies is difficult to study because of the much more influential local (galaxy-group scale) environment.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dependence of intrinsic galaxy properties on distance to the nearest cosmic web filament, using a sample of galaxies for which the local environment is easily assessable.
Methods. Our study is based on a volume-limited galaxy sample with Mr ≤ −19 mag, drawn from the SDSS DR12. We chose brightest group galaxies (BGGs) in groups with two to six members as our probes of the impact of filamentary environment because their local environment can be determined more accurately. We use the Bisous marked point process method to detect cosmic-web filaments with radii of 0.5−1.0 Mpc and measure the perpendicular filament spine distance (Dfil) for the BGGs. We limit our study to Dfil values up to 4 Mpc. We use the luminosity density field as a tracer of the local environment. To achieve uniformity of the sample and to reduce potential biases we only consider filaments longer than 5 Mpc. Our final sample contains 1427 BGGs.
Results. We note slight deviations between the galaxy populations inside and outside the filament radius in terms of stellar mass, colour, the 4000 Å break, specific star formation rates, and morphologies. However, all these differences remain below 95% confidence and are negligible compared to the effects arising from local environment density.
Conclusions. Within a 4 Mpc radius of the filament axes, the effect of filaments on BGGs is marginal. The local environment is the main factor in determining BGG properties.
Influence of the mode of reproduction on dispersal evolution during species invasion
Authors: Calvez Vincent , Crevat Joachim , Dekens Léonard , Fabrèges Benoit , Kuczma Frédéric , Lavigne Florian , Raoul Gaël 
Published: June 2020

We consider a reaction-diffusion-reproduction equation, modeling a population which is spatially heterogeneous. The dispersion of each individuals is influenced by its phenotype. In the literature, the asymptotic propagation speed of an asexual population has already been rigorously determined. In this paper we focus on the difference between the asexual reproduction case, and the sexual reproduction case, involving a non-local term modeling the reproduction. This comparison leads to a different invasion speed according to the reproduction.
After a formal analysis of both cases, leading to a heuristic of the asymptotic behaviour of the invasion fronts, we give some numerical evidence that the acceleration rate of the spatial spreading of a sexual population is slower than the acceleration rate of an asexual one. The main difficulty to get sharper results on a transient comes from the non-local sexual reproduction term.
B-Flow Sonography vs. Color Doppler Sonography for the Assessment of Vascularity in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Dammann Elena , Groth Michael , Schild Raphael-Sebastian , Lemke Anja , Oh Jun , Adam Gerhard , Herrmann Jochen 
Published: June 2020

Objective To compare B-flow sonography (BFS) with color Doppler sonography (CDS) for imaging of kidney transplant vascularization in children.
Patients and Methods All children receiving a kidney transplantation who underwent a protocol-based ultrasound examination (Loqiq 9, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) using the BFS and CDS technique with equal settings and probe position between January 2013 and January 2016 were retrospectively assessed (n = 40). The obtained datasets were visually graded according to the following criteria: (I) delineation of the renal vascular tree (Grade 1 – clear demarcation of interlobar, together with arcuate and interlobular vessels; Grade 2 – clear demarcation of interlobar and cortical vessels, but no distinction of interlobular from arcuate vessels; Grade 3 – only clear demarcation of interlobar vessels, Grade 4 – insufficient demarcation) (II) delineation of cortical vessel density in ventral, lateral, and dorsal part of the transplant, (III) smallest vessel-capsule distance, and (IV) maximum cortical vessel count. Comparison between methods was performed using Fisher’s exact and paired sample t-tests.
Results Applying a curved transducer (C1–6), BFS showed superior delineation of the renal vascular tree (p < 0.001), a lower vessel-capsule distance (p < 0.001), a higher cortical vessel count (p < 0.001), and a higher cortical vessel density in the superficial cortex (p = 0.01) than CDS. In the dorsal and lateral aspects of the transplant, cortical vessel density was lower with BFS (both p < 0.001). Using a linear high-resolution transducer (ML 6–15), no significant differences between the methods were found.
Conclusion Improved imaging of kidney transplant vascularization can be achieved in children by adding BFS to a standard protocol. The BFS technique is especially beneficial for overall assessment of the renal vascular tree together with the extent of cortical vascularization on curved array images.
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Lower-Segment Transverse Cesarean Section
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCesarean section is the ultimate method of successful delivery of infants under various circumstances and is an indispensable operation in obstetrics. However, the degree of difficulty varies greatly depending on the gestational weeks, number of fetuses, number of previous cesarean sections, degree of placental adhesion, presence of uterine myomas, maternal obesity, and other factors. In addition, emergency cesarean section is a battle against time, and prompt surgery is required.During training in cesarean section, surgeons must master the basic techniques in cases of term head presentation first. They must then master the techniques in cases involving complications such as malpresentation, preterm birth, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, uterine myomas, and other conditions.Cesarean section itself is a simple operation. However, there are many difficult cases, and many complications such as placenta accreta and defects of the incision scar may occur after cesarean section.The present report describes the basic procedures and cautionary points to perform the cesarean section without complications.
Evaluation of the Stability of the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Injuries Reconstruction
Authors: Aghdam Hossein Akbari , Kavyani Mahsa , Bosak Maryam , Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Motififard Mehdi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee and is often injured during sport-related activities. ACL injuries influence the abilities of the subjects during standing and walking. Although early surgical intervention is preferred treatment for the majority of knee surgeons, the effect of this approach on postural stability of patients is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the difference between stability of ACL-reconstructed subjects before and after surgery. A group of 15 consecutive ACL injured patients participated in this study. Postural stability of the patients was evaluated 1 week before and 6 months after surgery (ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft). A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate center of pressure (COP) sway during quiet standing. The mean values of the COP parameters were obtained in pre and postsurgery conditions. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the stability parameters of the two conditions. The significant point was set at 0.05. The mean value of path length of COP velocity in mediolateral (ML) direction was 1,485.57 ± 479.42 mm and 2,641.33 ± 996.26 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p-value = 0.01). Although the mean value of COP velocity in anteroposterior and ML directions increased after surgery, the difference was only significant for velocity in ML direction (p-value = 0.049). The results of this study showed that the standing stability of those with ACL reconstruction decreased significantly after ACL reconstruction, which may be due to the effects of the surgery on sensory mechanism of ACL and inability of patients to return to their previous deep sense perception and knee proprioception.
Can the Choice of Cementless Implants and Bearings during Total Hip Arthroplasty Have an Impact on the Overall Costs within a Bundled Payment Model?
Authors: Duncan Stephen , Patel Ankur , Delhougne Gary , Patrick Corey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe comprehensive care for joint replacement model from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services and similar programs from other payers make hospitals and health care systems more responsible for better clinical and economic outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate hospital-related clinical and economic outcomes of using the cementless R3 cup and Polarstem with an oxidized zirconium bearing compared with other cementless hip systems using a ceramic bearing in THA patients. We retrospectively reviewed primary THA patients from the premier perspective database between 2014 and 2018Q3. Patients with R3 cup and Polarstem with an oxidized zirconium bearing were identified using appropriate keywords from billing records and compared against cementless and ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) THA patients who did not meet the keywords' criteria. Patients were excluded if they were < 21 years of age; outpatient hospital discharges; evidence of revision THA; bilateral THA in same discharge or different discharges. 1:3 propensity score matching was used to control patients' demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Generalized estimating equation model with appropriate distribution and link function was used to estimate hospital-related cost while logistic regression models were used to estimate discharged status, transfusion, and 30-days readmission. The study matched 818 R3/Polarstem with oxidized zirconium bearing patients with 2,454 CoP cementless THA patients. Length of stay for the R3/Polarstem patients (mean = 1.61 days; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–1.80) was significantly lower (p-value ≤ 0.0001) than CoP THA patients (mean = 2.06 days; CI = 1.95–2.17). R3/Polarstem hip patients were 36% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; CI = 1.07–1.72; p-value = 0.0112) more likely to be discharged to home/home health care, 18% (OR = 0.82; CI = 0.63–1.06; p-value = 0.1235) less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), 84% less likely to have transfusion (OR = 0.16; CI = 0.09–0.29; p-value ≤ 0.0001), and 44% (OR = 0.56; CI = 0.32–0.98; p-value = 0.0412) less likely to readmitted within 30 days than CoP THA patients. Mean total hospital costs was marginally higher for R3/Polarstem patients (mean = $15,611; vs. $15,002; p-value = 0.0041) than CoP THA patients. While the total hospital costs for the R3/Polarstem was higher than CoP, the reduced length of stay, reduced discharge to SNF, and lower readmission rates can help to save money in the bundled payment and make the use of certain cementless hip systems a potential cost saving solution.
Intermittent Hypoxemia in Preterm Infants: A Potential Proinflammatory Process
Authors: Abu Jawdeh Elie G. , Huang Hong , Westgate Philip M. , Patwardhan Abhijit , Bada Henrietta , Bauer John A. , Giannone Peter 
Published: June 2020

Objective A major consequence of prematurity is intermittent hypoxemia (IH). Data from both adult studies and neonatal animal models suggest that IH is proinflammatory; however, there is limited data in preterm infants. Here, we assess the relationship between IH and systemic inflammation, namely, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in preterm infants.Study Design Serum CRP was measured at 30 days of life, at the time of peak IH frequency. IH measures (e.g., per cent time in hypoxemia, frequency, duration) were calculated the week prior to CRP collection. Statistical analyses were based on Spearman's correlation.Results A total of 26 infants were included. Median gestational age and birth weight were 274/7 weeks and 980 g, respectively. There were positive correlations between primary IH measures and CRP levels, especially for events longer than 1-minute duration (r range: 0.56–0.74, all p < 0.01).Conclusion We demonstrate that IH is associated with increased CRP for the first time in preterm infants. Our findings are consistent with studies from adults and neonatal animal models suggesting that IH is a proinflammatory process.Key Points
Quality Improvement Efforts Reduce Incidence of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Deaths
Authors: Goddard Gillian R. , McNelis Kera , Poindexter Anne , Jenkins Todd , Wessel Jacqueline , Nathan Amy T. , Helmrath Michael A. , Poindexter Brenda 
Published: June 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether a regional quality improvement (QI) initiative decreased incidence and severity of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Study Design A retrospective review of all VLBW infants who received care at one of the three hospitals involved in a NEC QI initiative from 2011 to 2016. Primary outcome was the number of surgical NEC cases per year. Secondary outcomes included associated outcomes and mortality.
Results Sixty-three infants with either a diagnosis of Stage III NEC (n = 40) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) (n = 23) were included. The incidence of medical and surgical NEC and the mortality rate of infants with surgical NEC decreased over time. Incidence and mortality of SIP did not significantly change.
Conclusion A regional QI bundle to reduce the overall incidence of NEC also significantly decreased the incidence of surgical NEC and all-cause mortality of infants diagnosed with surgical NEC.
Key Points
Reversible suppression of T cell function in the bone marrow microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lamble Adam J. , Kosaka Yoko , Laderas Ted , Maffit Allie , Kaempf Andy , Brady Lauren K. , Wang Weiwei , Long Nicola , Saultz Jennifer N. , Mori Motomi , Soong David , LeFave Clare V. , Huang Fei , Adams Homer , Loriaux Marc M. , Tognon Cristina E. , Lo Pierrette , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Fan Guang , McWeeney Shannon K. , Druker Brian J. , Lind Evan F. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, with a 5-y survival of 29%. Immunotherapy is based on the premise that tumors suppress the immune system. We investigated the status of T cell immunity in AML at the time of diagnosis. We found a significant association between T cell percentage in the bone marrow and overall survival in newly diagnosed AML patients. When we evaluated the T cells from the bone marrow of patients with AML, one-third displayed profound functional impairment. Most of these compromised T cells, however, could be rescued using checkpoint inhibitors. Our results support the development of immune checkpoint therapy to combat this deadly disease.
Gender differences in the pathways to higher education
Authors: Stoet Gijsbert , Geary David C. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
In most developed nations, fewer men than women enroll in postsecondary education, with the potential for long-term disruptions in social cohesion and economic development. The underrepresentation of men in college began in the 1990s and has frequently been discussed in national policy debates. To date, there is no comprehensive explanation as to why the underrepresentation of men is more severe in some countries than in others. Using data from 18 nations, we show that the underrepresentation of men is related both to secular changes in attitudes toward women’s education and to boys’ disadvantages in reading comprehension. Increasing men’s engagement in postsecondary education will require significant improvement in boys’ reading competencies.