bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A territory‐wide study on the impact of COVID‐19 on diabetes‐related acute care
Authors: Lui David Tak Wai , Lee Chi Ho , Chow Wing Sun , Fong Carol Ho Yi , Woo Yu Cho , Lam Karen Siu Ling , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetes is a risk factor for the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Little is known how the COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted diabetes‐related acute care. We compared hospitalization rates for severe hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Hong Kong (study period: 25 January to 24 April 2020) with those during 25 January to 24 April 2019 (inter‐year control) and 25 October 2019 to 24 January 2020 (intra‐year control), using Poisson regression analysis. Hospitalization rates abruptly decreased after the first confirmed local COVID‐19 case on 23 January 2020, by 27% and 23% compared with the inter‐year and intra‐year control periods, respectively (incidence rate ratio 0.73 and 0.77, P < 0.001). Hospitalizations were reduced for severe hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, but not diabetic ketoacidosis. This significant reduction in hospitalization rates should alert endocrinologists to take proactive measures to optimize glycemic control of individuals with diabetes.
The distinct metamorphic stages and structural styles of the 1.94–1.86 Ga Snowbird Orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Thiessen Eric J. , Gibson H. Dan , Regis Daniele , Pehrsson Sally J. , Ashley Kyle T. , Smit Matthijs A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPalaeoproterozoic orogenesis within the Archean southeastern Rae craton is related to the initial amalgamation of Laurentia. Characterizing the accompanying tectonic processes during this time has been complicated due to polymetamorphism, which results in the obscuring of the age record of the terranes involved. To improve the knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the South Rae Craton, petrologic and structural analyses are applied in conjunction with in situ trace element chemistry, inclusion barometry, U–Pb monazite and titanite, and Lu–Hf garnet chronology. The data robustly constrain Palaeoproterozoic pressure–temperature–time paths of major deformational events along the southeastern Rae craton margin. D1occurred between 1.94 and 1.93 Ga in the Dodge‐Snowbird domain, which included prograde burial of metasedimentary rocks, deposited at 2.2–2.0 Ga, and the development of migmatitic layering and east‐southeast trending folds (S1, F1). Peak metamorphism is recorded in metasedimentary units atc. 1.93 Ga when rocks reached conditions of 9.0–10.5 kbar and 810–830°C. Within the Dodge‐Snowbird domain, D2imparted north‐northeast trending open folds and associated axial planar cleavage (S2, F2) between 1.93 and 1.90 Ga during east‐west compression that appears to have been synchronous with cooling and exhumation. Later D2deformation, localized within the Wholdaia Lake shear zone (WLsz; ST1), developed in the footwall of this thrust‐sense structure at 1,873 ± 5 Ma at conditions of 9.5–11.0 kbar and 820–850°C. The hangingwall Dodge‐Snowbird domain had already cooled to below 300°C by then, indicating a significant structural and metamorphic break across the domain's western boundary. A new phase of unroofing (D3) involved pervasive amphibolite‐ to greenschist facies extensional shearing (ST2) within the WLsz, which overprinted ST1foliations between 1.87 and 1.86 Ga. Continued greenschist facies shearing younger than 1.86 Ga likely ended byc. 1.83 Ga when lamprophyre dykes cut the structure, which was followed by cooling untilc. 1.80 Ga. This work highlights the utility and application of multiple chronometers (zircon, monazite, titanite, garnet) along with structural and petrologic analysis that together can resolve precise orogenic cycles in polymetamorphic terranes that may otherwise be undetected. The time‐resolvedP–T–Dhistories derived here enable more robust interpretations regarding the nature and evolution of 1.9 Ga tectonism along the southeast Rae craton margin, which may be used to refine models for Laurentian terrane amalgamation.
Seasonal patterns of melatonin alter aggressive phenotypes of female Siberian hamsters
Authors: Rendon Nikki M. , Petersen Christopher L. , Munley Kathleen M. , Amez Andrea C. , Boyes Daniel L. , Kingsbury Marcy A. , Demas Gregory E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany animal species exhibit year‐round aggression, a behaviour that allows individuals to compete for limited resources in their environment (eg, food and mates). Interestingly, this high degree of territoriality persists during the non‐breeding season, despite low levels of circulating gonadal steroids (ie, testosterone [T] and oestradiol [E2]). Our previous work suggests that the pineal hormone melatonin mediates a ‘seasonal switch’ from gonadal to adrenal regulation of aggression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus); solitary, seasonally breeding mammals that display increased aggression during the short, ‘winter‐like’ days (SDs) of the non‐breeding season. To test the hypothesis that melatonin elevates non‐breeding aggression by increasing circulating and neural steroid metabolism, we housed female hamsters in long days (LDs) or SDs, administered them timed or mis‐timed melatonin injections (mimic or do not mimic a SD‐like signal, respectively), and measured aggression, circulating hormone profiles and aromatase (ARO) immunoreactivity in brain regions associated with aggressive or reproductive behaviours (paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus [PVN], periaqueductal gray [PAG] and ventral tegmental area [VTA]). Females that were responsive to SD photoperiods (SD‐R) and LD females given timed melatonin injections (Mel‐T) exhibited gonadal regression and reduced circulating E2, but increased aggression and circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Furthermore, aggressive challenges differentially altered circulating hormone profiles across seasonal phenotypes; reproductively inactive females (ie, SD‐R and Mel‐T females) reduced circulating DHEA and T, but increased E2 after an aggressive interaction, whereas reproductively active females (ie, LD females, SD non‐responder females and LD females given mis‐timed melatonin injections) solely increased circulating E2. Although no differences in neural ARO abundance were observed, LD and SD‐R females showed distinct associations between ARO cell density and aggressive behaviour in the PVN, PAG and VTA. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin increases non‐breeding aggression by elevating circulating steroid metabolism after an aggressive encounter and by regulating behaviourally relevant neural circuits in a region‐specific manner.
From pathogenesis to personalized treatments of neuropathies in hematological malignancies
Authors: Briani Chiara , Visentin Andrea , Cerri Federica , Quattrini Angelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system may be involved at any stage in the course of several hematological diseases, the most common being monoclonal gammopathies (of undetermined significance or malignant) or lymphomas. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are different and therapies aim at targeting the dangerous either B‐cell or plasma cell clones. Recently, high‐throughput technologies, and next‐generation sequencing have increased our knowledge of hematological diseases pathogenesis by the identification of somatic mutation affecting pivotal signaling pathways. Accordingly, new target therapies are used that may also be borrowed for treatment of neuropathies in hematological diseases.
Community‐Based Participatory Research: Engaging Youth to Provide Perspective on Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: McMahon Beth , Rudella Jennifer L. , McMahon Mary , Wendling Kara , Paredes Alexandria , Register McCartney 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Pennsylvania Youth Survey (PAYS) is administered biennially to adolescents; it covers knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about risk and protective factors.PURPOSEThis study explored 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students' attitudes and beliefs about current trends regarding drugs, alcohol, and mental health.METHODSWe asked persons a series of questions in semi‐structured focus groups (102 participants) while they were being presented with the PAYS data.RESULTSParticipants expressed significant insight on root causes of risk behaviors. They recommended a decreased emphasis on grades and class rank, and recommended addressing mental health stigma, educating about vaping and marijuana effects, and obtaining support from families, schools, and communities.CONCLUSIONYouth expressed interest in being an integral part of the planning and decision‐making efforts that impact them. Our results support the Whole School, Community, and Child (WSCC) model.
Towards a critical theory of communication as renewal and update of Marxist humanism in the age of digital capitalism
Authors: Fuchs Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper's task is to outline some foundations of a critical, Marxist‐humanist theory of communication in the age of digital capitalism. It theorises the role of communication in society, communication and alienation, communication in social struggles, social struggles for democratic communication, the contradictions of digital capitalism, and struggles for digital socialist humanism.Marxist humanism is a counter‐narrative, counter‐theory, and counter‐politics to neoliberalism, new authoritarianism, and postmodernism. A critical theory of communication can should draw on this intellectual tradition. Communication and work stand in a dialectical relationship. Communication mediates, organises and is the process of the production of sociality and therefore of the reproduction of society. Society and communication are in class and capitalist societies shaped by the antagonism between instrumental and co‐operative reason. Authoritarianism and humanism are two basic, antagonistic modes of organisation of society and communication. Instrumental reason creates and universalises alienation.Digital capitalism is a dimension of contemporary society where digital technologies such as the computer, the Internet, the mobile phone, tablets, robots, and AI‐driven (“smart”) technologies mediate the accumulation of capital, influence, and reputation. A Marxist‐humanist theory of communication aims to inform struggles for a good, commons‐based, public Internet in a good, commons‐based society that has a vivid, democratic public sphere.
Influence of specific management practices on blood selenium, vitamin E, and beta‐carotene concentrations in horses and risk of nutritional deficiency
Authors: Pitel Mariya O. , McKenzie Erica C. , Johns Jennifer L. , Stuart Robert L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelenium or alpha‐tocopherol deficiency can cause neuromuscular disease. Beta‐carotene has limited documentation in horses.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of owner practices on plasma beta‐carotene concentration and risk of selenium and alpha‐tocopherol deficiencies.AnimalsThree‐hundred and forty‐nine adult (≥1 year), university and privately owned horses and mules.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Whole blood selenium, plasma alpha‐tocopherol, and plasma beta‐carotene concentrations were measured once. Estimates of daily selenium and vitamin E intake, pasture access, and exercise load were determined by owner questionnaire. Data were analyzed usingttests, Mann‐Whitney tests, parametric or nonparametric analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal‐Wallis test, Spearman's correlation and contingency tables (P < .05).ResultsNearly 88% of the horses received supplemental selenium; 71.3% received ≥1 mg/d. Low blood selenium concentration (<80 ng/mL) was identified in 3.3% of horses, and 13.6% had marginal concentrations (80‐159 ng/mL). Non‐supplemented horses were much more likely to have low blood selenium (odds ratio [OR], 20.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.26‐42.7;P < .001). Supplemental vitamin E was provided to 87.3% of horses; 57.7% received ≥500 IU/d. Deficient (<1.5 μg/mL) and marginal (1.5‐2.0 μg/mL) plasma (alpha‐tocopherol) occurred in 15.4% and 19.9% of horses, respectively. Pasture access (>6 h/d) and daily provision of ≥500 IU of vitamin E was associated (P < .001) with higher plasma alpha‐tocopherol concentrations. Plasma beta‐carotene concentration was higher in horses with pasture access (0.26 ± 0.43 versus 0.12 ± 0.13 μg/mL,P= .003).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSuboptimal blood selenium and plasma alpha‐tocopherol concentrations occurred in 16.7% and 35.5% of horses, respectively, despite most owners providing supplementation. Inadequate pasture access was associated with alpha‐tocopherol deficiency, and reliance on selenium‐containing salt blocks was associated with selenium deficiency.
Asymptotics for small nonlinear price impact: A PDE approach to the multidimensional case
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Cayé Thomas , Ekren Ibrahim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe provide an asymptotic expansion of the value function of a multidimensional utility maximization problem from consumption with small nonlinear price impact. In our model, cross‐impacts between assets are allowed. In the limit for small price impact, we determine the asymptotic expansion of the value function around its frictionless version. The leading order correction is characterized by a nonlinear second‐order PDE related to an ergodic control problem and a linear parabolic PDE. We illustrate our result on a multivariate geometric Brownian motion price model.
Bonds of bros and brothers: Kinship and social bonding in postdispersal male macaques
Authors: De Moor Delphine , Roos Christian , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGroup‐living animals often maintain a few very close affiliative relationships—social bonds—that can buffer them against many of the inevitable costs of gregariousness. Kinship plays a central role in the development of such social bonds. The bulk of research on kin biases in sociality has focused on philopatric females, who typically live in deeply kin‐structured systems, with matrilineal dominance rank inheritance and life‐long familiarity between kin. Closely related males, in contrast, are usually not close in rank or familiar, which offers the opportunity to test the importance of kinship per se in the formation of social bonds. So far, however, kin biases in male social bonding have only been tested in philopatric males, where familiarity remains a confounding factor. Here, we studied bonds between male Assamese macaques, a species in which males disperse from their natal groups and in which male bonds are known to affect fitness. Combining extensive behavioural data on 43 adult males over a 10‐year period with DNA microsatellite relatedness analyses, we find that postdispersal males form stronger relationships with the few close kin available in the group than with the average nonkin. However, males form the majority of their bonds with nonkin and may choose nonkin over available close kin to bond with. Our results show that kinship facilitates bond formation, but is not a prerequisite for it, which suggests that strong bonds are not restricted to kin in male mammals and that animals cooperate for both direct and indirect fitness benefits.
Colonic motility in patients with type 1 diabetes and gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Klinge Mette Winther , Haase Anne‐Mette , Mark Esben Bolvig , Sutter Nanna , Fynne Lotte Vinskov , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Schlageter Vincent , Lund Sten , Borghammer Per , Krogh Klaus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The electromagnetic 3D‐Transit system allows assessment of regional transit times and motility patterns throughout the GI tract. We aimed to compare GI transit times and detailed motility patterns of the colon in patients with DM and GI symptoms to those of healthy controls (HC). We further aimed to determine whether any abnormalities in motility were reversible by cholinergic stimulation.MethodsWe compared 18 patients with DM with 20 HC by means of the 3D‐Transit system. Patients were studied before and during oral administration of 60 mg pyridostigmine.Key resultsCompared to HC, patients had prolonged gastric emptying (DM: 3.3 hours (interquartile range (IQR) 2.6‐4.6); HC: 2.3 hours (IQR 1.7‐2.7) (P < .01)), colonic transit time (DM: 52.6 hours (IQR 23.3‐83.0); HC: 22.4 hours (IQR 18.9‐43.6) (P = .02)), and whole gut transit time (DM: 69.4 hours (IQR 32.9‐103.6); HC: 30.3 hours (IQR 25.2‐49.9) (P < .01)). In addition, compared to HC, patients had prolonged transit time in the ascending colon (DM: 20.5 hours (IQR 11.0‐44.0); HC: 8.0 hours (IQR 3.8‐21.0) (P < .05)) and more slow retrograde movements in the colon (DM: 2 movements (IQR 1‐4); HC: 1 movement (IQR 0‐1) (P = .01)). In patients, pyridostigmine increased the number of bowel movements (P < .01) and reduced small intestine transit times (P < .05).ConclusionsPatients with DM and GI symptoms have longer than normal GI transit times. This is only partly reversible by pyridostigmine. The increased number of retrograde colonic movements in patients could potentially explain the abnormally long transit time in proximal colon.
Happiness and desire satisfaction
Authors: Heathwood Chris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper develops and defends a novel version of a relatively neglected category of theory of the nature of happiness: the desire‐satisfaction theory. My account is similar in its fundamentals to Wayne Davis's theory of happiness‐as‐subjective‐desire‐satisfaction. After arguing that this is the best general way to proceed for the desire‐based approach, I develop an improved version of subjective desire satisfactionism in light of recent arguments in the happiness literature.
Keeping up with the RALFs: how these small peptides control pollen–pistil interactions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Somoza Sofía C. , Sede Ana R. , Boccardo Noelia A. , Muschietti Jorge P. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe pollen and pistil RALF peptides, along with multiple receptor‐like kinases and leucine‐rich repeat extensins, regulate pollen tube growth and the final burst within the ovule, where sperm cells are released for fertilisation to occur. This review introduces some new questions that arose about the regulation of this complex process.
Lessons on health promotion from Japanese early childhood development
Authors: Miyake Kimihiro , Tomokawa Sachi , Asakura Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly childhood development (ECD) has received increasing attention in both developed and developing countries since the 1990s. In Japan, ECD facilities have pursued integrated practices of education and health care to provide appropriate services to promote children’s welfare. This ECD approach appears to embody objectives of health promotion in young children. Therefore, information about Japanese practices may help to support ECD in other countries, especially developing countries. In this context, the present study discussed the potential application of health‐related ECD practices in Japan for developing countries by reviewing an outline of Japanese ECD, along with a case study describing practices in ECD facilities in Japan. We identified four main points: (i) distinct legal grounds including a legal basis for allocating health specialists; (ii) outlines of activities based on national standards and flexible practices at the facility level; (iii) teachers’ attitudes that respect children’s initiative, and explicit and independent activities embedded in children’s daily lives that reflect the child’s developmental status; and (iv) various useful practices to enhance the effect of health‐related activities, such as cooperation with parents, lesson study and hoiku‐ (teachers) conference. As these practices are based on the Japanese context, it is essential to consider both the Japanese context and potential risks of transplanting such concepts, to enable optimum use of these lessons in other countries.
Noncompliance to blood donor selection criteria by men who have sex with men – Complidon 2017, France
Authors: Sauvage Claire , Charpentier François , Garrabé Éliane , Pelat Camille , Spinardi Roxane , Danic Bruno , Lot Florence , Morel Pascal , Laperche Syria , Pillonel Josiane 
Published: July 2020

Background and objectivesIn France, blood donation deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) was reduced from permanent to 12 months in July 2016. Assessing noncompliance (rate and reasons) with this criterion is important to maintain a high level of viral safety in blood products.Materials and methodsAn anonymous online survey (Complidon) of a sample of blood donors was conducted in 2017. Data were post‐stratified to be representative of all those who donated blood between July 2016 and December 2017. A multivariable analysis was performed to assess factors associated with noncompliance.ResultsAmong male donors, 0·73% [95% CI: 0·63–0·83] reported having sex with men in the 12 months preceding their donation. Factors associated with noncompliance were as follows: young age, a low educational level, concerns about privacy, and better knowledge of donor selection criteria and the window period than compliant men. More than half of noncompliant MSM donors (57·6% [95% CI: 50·6–64·3]) felt that sexual orientation should not be a criterion for donation, 47·2% [95% CI: 40·4–54·0] did not disclose their male‐to‐male sexual relations in order to avoid being excluded from donating, 40·5% [95% CI: 34·0–47·4] reported using condoms and 21·8% [95% CI: 16·7–27·9] had the same male partner for at least 12 months.ConclusionComplidon showed that compliance with blood donation criteria in MSM was high, but not optimal, especially among younger men. HIV residual risk did not increase after the implementation of 12‐month deferral. Data from Complidon helped French policymakers to assess the additional HIV risk posed by increased access to blood donation for MSM.