bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage and the Diagnosis of Occult Pediatric Coagulopathies
Authors: Chorney Stephen R. , Weinberger Rena , Weintraub Ari Y. , Buzi Adva 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe primary objective of this investigation was to determine rates of abnormal coagulation panels and diagnoses of coagulopathies in children with post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH). Secondary objectives identified patient demographics and hemorrhage event characteristics that correlated with a coagulopathy diagnosis.Study DesignCase series with chart review.MethodsPatients requiring operative control of PTH at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2019 were included. Details of tonsillectomy procedures and hemorrhage events were reviewed along with screening labs for coagulopathy, referrals to hematology and bleeding disorder diagnoses.ResultsThere were 250 children included. Mean age was 8.8 years (95% CI: 8.2–9.4) and 53.6% were males. PTH events occurred at a median of postoperative day six (mean: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.4–6.3), and 14.8% occurred within 24 hours of surgery. In this series, 23 patients (9.2%) had a second PTH, and three (1.2%) had a third PTH. Single and multiple PTH patients were similar with respect to age, gender, postoperative day, and technique (P > .05). Screening coagulation panels were obtained on presentation in 67.8% of children with one PTH and abnormally elevated in 38.3%. All children with multiple PTHs had labs drawn with 34.8% having elevated levels. No child with a single PTH was diagnosed with a bleeding disorder. Conversely, 87.0% of children with multiple PTHs saw hematology and three (13.0%) were diagnosed with a bleeding disorder (P < .001).ConclusionsObtaining coagulation panels in pediatric patients presenting with PTH is rarely useful and diagnosing a coagulopathy is uncommon. However, among children with a second PTH, referral to hematology is reasonable as this group has a significantly higher, albeit small, incidence of undiagnosed bleeding disorders.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2069–E2073, 2021
The prognostic significance of human papilloma virus in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schlussel Markovic Emily , Marqueen Kathryn E. , Sindhu Kunal K. , Lehrer Eric J. , Liu Jerry , Miles Brett , Genden Eric , Sharma Sonam , Gupta Vishal , Westra William , Iloreta Alfred , Posner Marshall , Misiukiewicz Krzysztof , Bakst Richard L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in the pathology of oropharyngeal head and neck cancers, but its role in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been well established.MethodsThirty‐two patients with SNSCC diagnosed between 2011 and 2018 were identified and stratified by HPV status and viral serotype, as determined by PCR. Endpoints including recurrence, metastases and survival were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsSeventeen (53%) patients were HPV‐positive and 15 (47%) were HPV‐negative. The median follow‐up time of living patients was 30.7 months (range 4‐123 months). Survival did not differ by HPV status, but HPV+ tumors were more likely to locally recur and metastasize. When stratifying by treatment type, the lowest rate of recurrence occurred in patients receiving surgery and chemoradiation.ConclusionA significant proportion of sinonasal tumors appear to be associated with HPV. Testing for HPV might be justified in all cases of sinonasal cancers. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the role of HPV in SNSCC.
Spatial pricing and product allocation in online retailing
Authors: Xue Mengying , He Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpatial pricing means a retailer price discriminates its customers based on their geographic locations. In this article, we study how an online retailer should jointly allocate multiple products and facilitate spatial price discrimination to maximize profits. When deciding between a centralized product allocation ((i.e., different products are allocated to the same fulfillment center) and decentralized product allocation (ie, different products are allocated to different fulfillment centers), the retailer faces the tradeoff between shipment pooling (ie, shipping multiple products in one package), and demand localization (ie, stocking products to satisfy local demand) based on its understanding of customers' product valuations. In our basic model, we consider two widely used spatial pricing policies: free on board (FOB) pricing that charges each customer the exact amount of shipping cost, and uniform delivered (UD) pricing that provides free shipping. We propose a stylized model and find that centralized product allocation is preferred when demand localization effect is relatively low or shipment pooling benefit is relatively high under both spatial pricing policies. Moreover, centralized product allocation is more preferred under the FOB pricing which encourages the purchase of virtual bundles of multiple products. Furthermore, we respectively extend the UD and FOB pricing policies to flat rate shipping (ie, the firm charges a constant shipping fee for each purchase), and linear rate shipping (ie, the firm sets the shipping fee as a fixed proportion of firm's actual fulfillment costs). While similar observations from the basic model still hold, we find the firm can improve its profit by sharing the fulfillment cost with its customers via the flat rate or linear rate shipping fee structure.
Reliability and structural validity of the Norwegian version of the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire: A cross‐sectional study among Bachelor of Nursing students
Authors: Karlsen Tore , Hall‐Lord Marie Louise , Wangensteen Sigrid , Ballangrud Randi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo test the reliability and structural validity of the Norwegian version of the TeamSTEPPS® Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T‐TAQ) among Bachelor of Nursing students.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsBachelor of Nursing students (N = 1,624) at three campuses in different regions of Norway were invited to complete the survey. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Three models were tested. Model 3 was a post hoc modification with a correlation between four negatively worded items. The data was collected in September 2018 and May‐June 2019.ResultsA total of 509 students were included in the study. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.44–0.70 for the dimensions and was 0.79 for the total questionnaire. The fit indexes of model 3 were as follows: RMSEA = 0.043, chi‐square = 724.3 (p < .000), normed chi‐square = 1.862, TLI = 0.812 and CFI = 0.832. The questionnaire shows some potential to display attitudes towards teamwork in health care among Bachelor of Nursing students. Low Cronbach's alpha in the dimensions might indicate that the questionnaire should be considered used as a unidimensional questionnaire.
A high order numerical scheme for solving a class of non‐homogeneous time‐fractional reaction diffusion equation
Authors: Roul Pradip , Goura V. M. K. Prasad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the development of a high order numerical technique for solving time‐fractional reaction–diffusion equation. The fractional derivative in the governing equation is described in the Caputo sense and a collocation method based on quintic B‐spline basis function is used to discretize the space variable. The stability and convergence analysis of the method are investigated, and it is shown that the proposed method converges to the exact solution of the problem with order of convergence O(Δt2 − α + Δx4), where α is the order of fractional derivative (0 < α < 1). Three test problems are considered to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of present numerical scheme and to verify the theoretical result. It is shown that the order of fractional derivative has a profound effect on the solution of time‐fractional reaction–diffusion equation.
Radial basis solutions of second‐order quasi‐linear hyperbolic boundary value problem
Authors: Soradi‐Zeid Samaneh , Mesrizadeh Mehdi , Cattani Carlo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, a new applicable design is studied for solving a second‐order quasi‐linear hyperbolic equation with nonlocal mixed boundary conditions. A localized collocation radial basis functions method is used for spatial discretization. Also, the Taylor method and group preserving scheme are applied for time discretization. Several non‐trivial examples are carried out to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the suggested framework.
Navigating Diagnostic and Treatment Decisions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Expert Commentary on the Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Popat Sanjay , Navani Neal , Kerr Keith M. , Smit Egbert F. , Batchelor Timothy J.P. , Van Schil Paul , Senan Suresh , McDonald Fiona 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately one in five cancer-related deaths, and management requires increasingly complex decision making by health care professionals. Many centers have therefore adopted a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, using the expertise of various specialists to provide the best evidence-based, personalized treatment. However, increasingly complex disease staging, as well as expanded biomarker testing and multimodality management algorithms with novel therapeutics, have driven the need for multifaceted, collaborative decision making to optimally guide the overall treatment process. To keep up with the rapidly evolving treatment landscape, national-level guidelines have been introduced to standardize patient pathways and ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment. Such strategies depend on efficient and effective communication between relevant multidisciplinary team members and have both improved adherence to treatment guidelines and extended patient survival. This article highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and staging, treatment decision making, and adverse event management in NSCLC.

Implications for Practice
This review highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and makes practical suggestions as to how multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) can be best deployed at individual stages of the disease to improve patient outcomes and effectively manage common adverse events. The authors discuss how a collaborative approach, appropriately leveraging the diverse expertise of NSCLC MDT members (including specialist radiation and medical oncologists, chest physicians, pathologists, pulmonologists, surgeons, and nursing staff) can continue to ensure optimal per-patient decision making as treatment options become ever more specialized in the era of biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.
The utility of real‐world evidence for benefit‐risk assessment, communication, and evaluation of pharmaceuticals: Case studies
Authors: Radawski Christine A. , Hammad Tarek A. , Colilla Susan , Coplan Paul , Hornbuckle Kenneth , Freeman Emily , Smith Meredith Y. , Sobel Rachel E. , Bahri Priya , Arias Ariel E. , Bennett Dimitri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, novel types of real‐world evidence (RWE) have played a role in various decision‐making processes relating to medicinal products, including regulatory approval, patient access, health technology assessment, safety monitoring, clinical use, and post‐approval lifecycle management. We therefore reviewed the potential utility of RWE in the cycle of medicinal product benefit‐risk (BR) assessment, communication/risk minimization and evaluation (“BRACE”).MethodsA convenience sample of illustrative studies was drawn from the published literature and examined. Specifically, we examined the purpose for using RWE, the type of RWE used, its novelty and how it might be integrated with other data and activities of the BRACE cycle, and how it contributed to regulatory decision‐making.ResultsEight studies were selected with each illustrating a different activity in the BRACE cycle ranging from BR assessment in the preapproval setting, post‐approval assessment of safety or effectiveness, communicating BR information to patients and healthcare professionals, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk minimization initiatives to support a positive BR balance.ConclusionsRWE has an important role in informing regulatory decision‐making regarding the BR management of medicines. With increasing digitalization, facilitating data collection and stakeholder engagement in health, this role is only expected to expand in the future. To reach the full potential of RWE, both regulators and sponsors will need to be familiar with a range of existing and emerging methods for generating and analyzing such evidence appropriately and achieve convergence regarding how different types of RWE can best be used to inform BR management and decision‐making.
Building an active medical product safety surveillance system in Taiwan: Adaptation of the U.S. Sentinel System common data model structure to the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Kelly , Lin Fang‐Ju , Ou Huang‐Tz , Hsu Chien‐Ning , Huang Ling‐Ya , Wang Chi‐Chuan , Toh Sengwee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeUsing real‐world data to support regulatory decision has become a global movement. However, a robust platform for active surveillance of medical product safety has not been established in Taiwan.MethodsFollowing the common data model structure of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System, we built the Taiwan Sentinel Data Model (TSDM) using the National Health Insurance Research Database with longitudinal claims data from 23 million individuals, linked death and cause of death data from a national registry, and linked electronic health record data from a delivery system. We examined the conversion of the TSDM using the Sentinel Data Quality Review and Characterization Programs in a sample of sex‐ and age‐stratified cohort of 3 million individuals.ResultsThe TSDM fulfilled the requirements of data quality assurance. Only about 6% of sex and 0.0007% of birth year were missing, and <0.001% of date data had illogical values.ConclusionsThe TSDM‐converted database could be a valuable data resource for domestic pharmacovigilance analysis in Taiwan and cross‐country evaluation.
Incorporating patient generated health data into pharmacoepidemiological research
Authors: Bourke Alison , Dixon William G. , Roddam Andrew , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Hall Gillian C. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , van der Veer Sabine N. , Soriano‐Gabarró Montse , Mills Juliane K. , Major Jacqueline M. , Verstraeten Thomas , Francis Matthew J. , Bartels Dorothee B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology frequently employ Real‐World Data (RWD) from healthcare teams to inform research. These data sources usually include signs, symptoms, tests, and treatments, but may lack important information such as the patient's diet or adherence or quality of life. By harnessing digital tools a new fount of evidence, Patient (or Citizen/Person) Generated Health Data (PGHD), is becoming more readily available. This review focusses on the advantages and considerations in using PGHD for pharmacoepidemiological research. New and corroborative types of data can be collected directly from patients using digital devices, both passively and actively. Practical issues such as patient engagement, data linking, validation, and analysis are among important considerations in the use of PGHD. In our ever increasingly patient‐centric world, PGHD incorporated into more traditional Real‐Word data sources offers innovative opportunities to expand our understanding of the complex factors involved in health and the safety and effectiveness of disease treatments. Pharmacoepidemiologists have a unique role in realizing the potential of PGHD by ensuring that robust methodology, governance, and analytical techniques underpin its use to generate meaningful research results.
Effects of monomer composition on physical properties and enzymatic hydrolyzability of poly(butylene succinate‐co‐hexamethylene succinate)s
Authors: Jing Jing , Song Li , Su Tingting , Wang Zhanyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, various biodegradable materials, including poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(hexamethylene succinate) (PHS), and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐hexamethylene succinate)s (P[BS‐co‐HS]s) containing different hexamethylene succinate (HS) contents, were prepared. The compositions, thermal properties, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and enzymatic hydrolyzability of the materials were investigated by various techniques. The results showed that the composition of the copolyesters was similar to the feeding ratio of the reactants. The melting and crystallization temperatures, thermal stability, and degree of crystallinity of the copolyesters decreased for low HS content and increased for high HS content. P(BS‐co‐HS)s containing 52 mol% HS exhibited low crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm), degree of crystallinity (Xc), and high hydrophilicity, elongation at break and enzymatic hydrolyzability. We also observed that low degree of crystallinity and high crystal defects, hydrophilicity, and high elongation at break could improve the enzymatic hydrolyzability of the materials.
Two ABC transporters are differentially involved in the toxicity of two Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 toxins to the invasive crop‐pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)
Authors: Jin Minghui , Yang Yanchao , Shan Yinxue , Chakrabarty Swapan , Cheng Ying , Soberón Mario , Bravo Alejandra , Liu Kaiyu , Wu Kongming , Xiao Yutao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major agricultural pest that has invaded the East Hemisphere since 2016, generating a serious threat to food security worldwide including Africa and Asia. The Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been shown to be effective against this insect pest. In different insect ABC transporters (ABCC2 or ABCC3) have been shown to be involved as receptors of some Cry1 toxins. Here we analyzed the role of SfABCC2 and SfABCC3 in the toxicity of Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab toxins in this insect pest.RESULTSTwo S. frugiperda SfABCC2 and SfABCC3 knockout strains, coding for potential functional Bt receptors, were created using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Both knockout strains showed resistance to both Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab toxins compared with the susceptible strain. SfABCC2 knockout strain showed higher resistance to both Cry toxins than SfABCC3 knockout strain, suggesting a major role of SfABCC2 in the mode of action of these Cry toxins. In addition, expression of SfABCC2 and SfABCC3 genes in Trichoplusia ni Hi5 cells also increased the susceptibility to Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa toxins, in agreement with the genome editing results. The double knockout of SfABCC2 and SfABCC3 strain was not viable in contrast to other lepidopteran species. Furthermore, we report here that SfABCC2 or SfABCC3 knockout strains increased their susceptibility to abamectin and spinosad insecticides.CONCLUSIONWe provide functional evidence that in S. frugiperda these two ABCC transporters serve as receptors of Bt Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab toxins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Model hierarchy for the shape optimization of a microchannel cooling system
Authors: Blauth Sebastian , Leithäuser Christian , Pinnau René 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe model a microchannel cooling system and consider the optimization of its shape by means of shape calculus. A three‐dimensional model covering all relevant physical effects and three reduced models are introduced. The latter are derived via a homogenization of the geometry in 3D and a transformation of the three‐dimensional models to two dimensions. A shape optimization problem based on the tracking of heat absorption by the cooler and the uniform distribution of the flow through the microchannels is formulated and adapted to all models. We present the corresponding shape derivatives and adjoint systems, which we derived with a material derivative free adjoint approach. To demonstrate the feasibility of the reduced models, the optimization problems are solved numerically with a gradient descent method. A comparison of the results shows that the reduced models perform similarly to the original one while using significantly less computational resources.
Stability analysis of multiple solutions in case of a stretched nanofluid flow obeying Corcione's correlation: An extended Darcy model
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Tanya , Kumar Ravinder , Sheikholeslami Mohsen , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe bi‐dimensional flow of a ‐water nanofluid perfusing a porous medium has been considered for investigation. The porous space is in contact with a constantly heated sheet stretching at a linear rate. To simulate the nanofluid flow through the pores, an extended Darcy model due to Brinkman and Forchheimer is utilized considering porosity and permeability effects in a convective environment. Corcione's model for effective dynamic viscosity of the nanoparticle mixture is exploited to deduce the effects of nanoparticle size on the flow. Multiple solutions to governing equations are obtained by availing the optimal homotopy asymptotic scheme and discussed for emerging parameters. A unique stable solution is determined availing a stability analysis approach. The heat movement rate is found to be increasing with the reduced nanoparticle size and the enhanced porosity of porous space.
Soft photon theorems from CFT Ward identites in the flat limit of AdS/CFT
Authors: Hijano Eliot , Neuenfeld Dominik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
S-matrix elements in flat space can be obtained from a large AdS-radius limit of certain CFT correlators. We present a method for constructing CFT operators which create incoming and outgoing scattering states in flat space. This is done by taking the flat limit of bulk operator reconstruction techniques. Using this method, we obtain explicit expressions for incoming and outgoing U(1) gauge fields. Weinberg soft photon theorems then follow from Ward identites of conserved CFT currents. In four bulk dimensions, gauge fields on AdS can be quantized with standard and alternative boundary conditions. Changing the quantization scheme corresponds to the S-transformation of SL(2, ℤ) electric-magnetic duality in the bulk. This allows us to derive both, the electric and magnetic soft photon theorems in flat space from CFT physics.
Virasoro blocks and quasimodular forms
Authors: Das Diptarka , Datta Shouvik , Raman Madhusudhan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We analyse Virasoro blocks in the regime of heavy intermediate exchange (hp→ ∞). For the 1-point block on the torus and the 4-point block on the sphere, we show that each order in the large-hp expansion can be written in closed form as polynomials in the Eisenstein series. The appearance of this structure is explained using the fusion kernel and, more markedly, by invoking the modular anomaly equations via the 2d/4d correspondence. The existence of these constraints allows us to develop a faster algorithm to recursively construct the blocks in this regime. We then apply our results to find corrections to averaged heavy-heavy-light OPE coefficients.