bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of multiple drug-resistant bacteria from the waste of hospital and non-hospital environment
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Hossain Md Khaled , Rumi Nazmi Ara , Rahman Md Shajedur , Hosen Md Aoulad 
Published: October 2020

Antibiotics used in hospitals for patient care which potentially growing antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital waste and simultaneously transmitting to non-hospital environments by drainage system. Total 20 samples were collected randomly and examined with different bacteriological, biochemical and molecular tests. 55 bacterial isolates were isolated from all samples, among them 32 (58.2%) were from hospital environment and 23 (42.1%) were from non-hospital environment. The result of total viable count showed that maximum countable bacteria (2.20×1010) CFUs/ml that were from MARCH and the minimum number of countable bacteria (1.0×1010) CFUs/ml were isolated from the sample of Kalitola. Among the isolates, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiellaspp, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus spp and Vibrio spp were identified 16 (29%), 12 (21.8%), 9 (16.4%), 8 (14.5%), 5 (9%) and 5 (9%) respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosawas characterized from hospital wastewater by polymerase chain reaction assays targeting the virulence gene and 16S rRNA gene region was amplified with the universal primers. PCR amplification band was found at 1399 bp. The antibiotic sensitivity study revealed that among the hospital isolates, about (83.3%) were resistant against Ampicillin, followed by Amikacin, Kanamycin and Penicillin (77.8%). On the other hand, non- hospital isolates were resistant against Amoxicillin and Penicillin (66.7%) followed by Ampicillin and Vancomycin (58.3%). Both hospital and non-hospital isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin respectively 72.5% and 75%. The findings of the experiment suggested that hospital wastewater contained more MDR bacteria than non-hospital wastewater which are released into receiving water bodies that may cause a serious threat to public health. Reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics in both hospital and non-hospital settings and the use of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in a hospital may reduce this problem.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 460-468
Dietary supplementation of wheatgrass powder to assess somatic response of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Rana KM Shakil , Salam MA , Ahmmed Md Rakib , Noor Al Minan 
Published: October 2020

Consequence of dietary fish meal substitution with wheatgrass was evaluated by observing growth response, associated feed cost and survival of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella) fingerlings for sixty days. Sprouted wheatgrass (Triticumaestivum) was prepared for its inexpensively rich nutrients. Four isonitrogenous test diets were formulated and applied as treatments (T) in triplicates (R). In the control (T1), basal inclusion rate of fish meal was 30%, of which 10% was replaced with wheatgrass powder in T2 and in T3 replacement was 20%. In contrast, 30% of basal fishmeal was replaced in T4. Grass carp fingerlings (6.38±0.21 cm and 2.83±0.36 g) were stocked in twelve aquaria (60×40×45 cm³) each containing 75 L water, at 10 fish per aquarium, fed test diets at 5% of body weight twice daily. Prominent effect of wheatgrass supplementation was found on food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rates. The significantly lowest FCR was observed in T3 (2.13±0.42) followed by T2 (2.89±0.99), T1 (3.01±1.53) and T4 (3.05±0.94). Besides, fish survival rate was significantly improved in T2 (90%), T3 (93.33%) and T4 (93.33%) compared to the lowest survival in T1 (83.33%). In conformity, fish tolerance (LT50) to low pH stressor was also increased with wheatgrass supplementation. The other growth parameters among the treatments were statistically similar with highest specific growth rate and fish production in T3 (1.13±0.12 %/day and 2.28±0.13 tons/ha). Dietary wheatgrass did not affect the fish carcass composition rather gave better result to some extents. The significantly highest carcass protein and lowest moisture was retained in T3 (14.13±0.05% and 74.91±0.25% respectively), whereas comparatively higher lipid and mineral (ash) content was found in T1 (7.69±0.02% and 2.35±0.27% respectively). Importantly, feed formulation cost was reduced by 2.61, 4.89, and 7.71% in T2, T3, and T4 respectively compared to T1. Therefore, wheatgrass could be promising in juvenile grass carp diet.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 482-490
Effects of aqua drugs and chemicals on the farmed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in southern coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Asek , Hassan Rashidul , Halim KM Abdul , Aktar MT Nur A Sharmin , Yeasmin Most Farida , Rahman Md Hamidur , Ahmad Moin Uddin , Ahmed Gias Uddin 
Published: October 2020

The study was conducted to observe the effects of aqua drugs and chemicals on the health of farmed shrimp (Penaeusmonodon) in southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from shrimp farms and ghers in three upazilas of Cox’s Bazar district, namely Cox’s Bazar Sadar, Teknaf and Maheshkhaliupazila during March 2018 to October 2018. Data were collected through personal contact, questionnaire interview and discussion with key informants. During the study period water temperature were ranged between 26°C to 32°C in summer and 23°C in rainy season. The highest pH was 8.0 ± 0.20 recorded from Beximco Shrimp Farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadar in summer and the lowest was 7.0 ± 0.23 from the Aquaculture Farm Limited of Cox’s Bazar Sadar. Farmers in the study areas used Geotox to remove gas, TSP to proliferate algae and Zymetin to inhibit growth of pathogens and to promote shrimp growth. The highest recovery was recorded 90-96% by use of Bleaching powder in Aquaculture Farm limited of Cox’s Bazar Sadar area. On the other hand, the lowest recovery was recorded 60-65% by use of Zeolite plus in Beximco shrimp farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadarupazila. The average recovery was recorded from Beximco shrimp farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadarupazila. By use of EcodoxinZoothamniumwas 80-85% recovery. Farmers used more aqua-drugs in rainy season than summer. By use of Oxyflow instant oxygen supply was recorded 75-80% recovery. The highest recovery was recorded 90-95% by use of Lime in Unique Aquaculture of Teknaf. On the other hand, the lowest recovery was recorded 60-65% by use of Renamox in MKA shrimp farm of Teknafupazila. The average recovery was recorded Unique Aquaculture of Teknafupazila. From field and laboratory observations it was revealed that the study area had potentiality for shrimp culture, although necessary measures need to be taken specially during rainy season.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 491-498
Isolation and identification of bacteria from mobile phones of students and employees of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
Authors: Hussein Zakarie Ahmed , Hossain Md Khaled , Rumi Nazmi Ara , Rahman Md Shajedur , Kundu Tonmoy , Mohamed Abdisalan Abdullahi 
Published: October 2020

Microbes are capable to survive on mobile phone surface and serve as a potential transporter of microorganism amongst handlers. Thus, the study focused on isolation and identification of bacteria from mobile phones of academic and non-academic staffs (including students and cleaners) of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 32 swab samples of mobile phones were collected. The bacteria isolates were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization. The total viable count (TVC) of different swab samples of mobile phones in different categories were ranged from 73×10-6 CFU/ml to 260×10-6 CFU/ml. Analysis revealed that, among the samples 21 (25.6%) isolates were Staphylococcus spp, 17 (20.7%) were Bacillus spp, 16 (19.5%) were Klebsiella spp, 15 (18%) were Pseudomonas spp and 13 (15.85%) were Salmonella spp. Additionally, antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the bacteria isolates were resistant to Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefaclor, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The findings suggest that all the samples under observation were highly susceptible to a number of microbes belongs to the natural flora of human body. Hence, it is encouraged to avoid mobile phone handling while eating. Last but not the least, personal hygiene is highly recommended, as mobile phone can be a potential source of disease transmission.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 570-576
Customer relationship management in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Bilkis Afsana , Miah Khorshed Ali , Sultana Arifa , Parvin Mst Shahida , Mittra China Rani , Saha Ashees Kumar 
Published: October 2020

This cross-sectional study was conducted at OPD of Khulna Medical College Hospital (KMCH). This study aimed to assess the status of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in a tertiary level hospital in Khulna city from 1st January to 31st December 2016. Total 200 samples were included purposively. Among them 150 respondents were health care receivers and 50 participants were health care providers and interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist was used to collect information regarding administrative facility, physical facility and utility services. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version (SPSS) 22 and appropriate statistical tests were performed. Most (62.3%) of the service receivers were satisfied about the doctors dealing in OPD. It was found that majority of service provider (82%) had not knowledge about CRM and its objectives. Majority (82%) of the service receiver came to hospital willingly and (47.3%) of service receivers were spent less than one hours for getting total treatment.). Most (40%) of service providers said that there were a lack of service provider, modern equipment and medication in the OPD and they recommended that enhanced manpower, modern equipment and adequate supply of medication. About half 49.3% of the service receivers suggested in manpower should be increased. Therefore, attempts could be taken to implement customer relationship management as a process for improving hospitals performance and improving communication between service providers and service receiver in hospitals.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 599-607
KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL PERCEPTION DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH GEOMETRI BERDASARKAN TEORI VAN HIELE DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Pungkasari Amalia Mareta , Purwosetiyono FX. Didik 
Published: October 2020

Difficulties in learning geometry relate to spatial abilities. Students with good spatial skills will be able to solve geometric problems. In helping students overcome difficulties in learning geometry, they used the Van Hiele's learning theory. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to describe the spatial perception ability in solving geometric problems based on Van Hiele's theory in terms of mathematical ability. The subjects in this study were three junior high school students with high, medium, and low math abilities. Subjects were given a spatial ability test and an interview twice. The triangulation time and subject was carried out to test the credibility of data. Based on the results of data analysis, students with high, medium, and low math abilities were able to observe objects from different perspectives. Subjects with medium math abilities were able to observe the object from different perspectives. However, subjects with high and low math abilities have some difficulties in observing objects from different perspectives.
Pemodelan Kesetimbangan Massa pada Keadaan Tunak (Steady) sebagai Penentuan Konsentrasi Optimum Tawas (Alumunium Sulfate) pada Proses Penurunan Kadar Fe pada Sumber Air Tercemar
Authors: Adhitasari Alfiana , Andrijanto Eko 
Published: October 2020

Air tanah merupakan andalan sumber mata air bagi masyarakat pada umumnya, beberapa sumber air tanah sering dijumpai air yang masih terkandung Fe, hal tersebut berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penuruan kadar Fe pada air sebelum digunakan. Beberapa metode yang umum dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kandungan Fe pada air adalah dengan cara koagulasi oleh tawas. Penelitian ini akan memodelkan sebuah persamaan matematika yang dapat mengkuantifikasi penurunan kadar Fe pada setiap fungsi kosentrasi tawas yang ditambahkan. Model matematika pada penelitian menggunakan penurunan rumus dari kesetimbangan masa. Dari hasil perbandingan data percobaan dengan data perhitungan didapat konstanta penurunan Fe (kF) pada fungsi konsentrasi tawas sebesar 1.8/mg tawas dan nilai konstanta R2 sebesar 0.935, dari data tersebut maka model matematika yang dibuat dapat mewakili fenomena proses penurunan Fe di lapangan.

In general groundwater is relied as source water but somtimes we found precense of Fe in some of groundwater products that could harm our health due to its toxicity, therefore it is necessary to reduce Fe content as pretreatment process. Some common methods to reduce Fe content in water are coagulation by alum. This study will build a mathematical equation to quantify the reduction of Fe content in function of alum concentration. In this study the equations were derive from mass balance equation. By comparing the experimental data with calculated data, we obtained kF (The constant of consuming Fe) = 1.8 / mg alum and for R2 constant we obtained 0.935, from these result we conclude our derived equation can represent the phenomenon of alum-Fe reduction phenomena in the field.
Efektivitas Zeolit Alam Ende-NTT sebagai Adsorben dalam Pemurnian Bioetanol Berbahan Baku Moke: Minuman Tradisional Flores
Authors: Ngapa Yulius Dala , Gago Jumilah 
Published: October 2020

Ketergantungan akan pemakaian bahan bakar fosil yang terus meningkat telah mengubah pola pikir manusia untuk mengembangkan penelitian terkait energi alternatif terbarukan. Bioetanol yang berasal dari hasil fermentasi nira tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata MERR), dan dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional Moke di Flores dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif jika memiliki kemurnian di atas 99,5%. Proses adsorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan bioetanol dengan kadar di atas titik azeotrop. Adsorben yang efektif digunakan sebagai molecular sieve adalah zeolit alam yang berasal dari kabupaten Ende – NTT. Peningkatan efisiensi penyerapan zeolit alam dalam pemurnian bioetanol berbahan baku Moke sudah dilakukan melalui proses aktivasi kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar dan kualitas bioetanol setelah pemurnian menggunakan adsorben zeolit alam Ende – NTT yang telah diaktivasi NaOH pada berbagai konsentrasi. Kadar bioetanol yang terdapat pada Moke sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorpsi ditentukan dengan instrumen gas kromatografi, karakterisasi zeolit alam menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Zeolit alam Ende dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben dalam meningkatkan kadar bioetanol berbahan baku Moke.

The reliance on increasing use of fossil fuels has changed the human mindset to develop research related to renewable alternative energy. Bioethanol derived from fermented palm sugar sap (Arenga pinnata MERR), and known as Moke, traditional drink in Flores can be used as an alternative fuel if it has a purity above 99.5%. The adsorption process is one method used to produce bioethanol with a level above the azeotrope point. The effective adsorbent used as molecular sieve is natural zeolite originating from Ende - NTT. Increased efficiency of absorption of natural zeolite in bioethanol purification made from Moke has been done through a chemical activation process. This study aims to determine the level and quality of bioethanol after purification using Ende-NTT natural zeolite adsorbent which has been activated by NaOH at various concentrations. Bioethanol levels found in the Moke before and after the adsorption process were determined by gas chromatography instruments, natural zeolite characterization using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Ende natural zeolite can be used as an adsorbent to increase the level of bioethanol made from Moke.
Efektifitas Metode Kombinasi Pasir Zeolit dan Arang Aktif dalam Pengolahan Air Lindi di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA)
Authors: Gemala Mega , Ulfah Nurul 
Published: October 2020

TPA Sei Nam Kijang merupakan TPA yang menggunakan sistem sanitary landfill dalam pengelolaan sampah. Kolam penampungan air lindi di TPA tersebut kurang berfungsi dengan baik terlihat dari warna air lindi hitam coklat kepekatan, terdapat lumut dipermukaan air lindi, dan masih tercium bau yang menyengat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifas kombinasi pasir zeolit dan arang aktif dalam mereduksi parameter fisika dan kimia pada air lindi. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kombinasi arang aktif dan pasir zeolit efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD, COD, N total, TSS dan pH air lindi pada tiga jenis ketebalan. Efektifitas tertinggi dalam menurunkan TSS adalah ketebalan 10cm sebesar 11,76%. Efektifitas tertinggi dalam menurunkan kadar pH, COD, BOD dan N total adalah ketebalan 20cm sebesar 19,6%, 22,6%, 35,5% dan 33,33%. Untuk Hg dan Cd, proses filtrasi untuk setiap ketebalan tidak efektif dalam menurunkan kadar logam berat tersebut.

Sanitary landfill is used method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in Sei Nam Kijang dumpling land. Leachate evaporation pond in a landfill site is not working properly which can be seen from the dark brown color of leachate, the moss on the surface of leachate water, and the odor. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a combination of zeolite sand and activated charcoal in reducing physical and chemical parameters in leachate with variations in thickness used, namely 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The results showed that the combination of activated charcoal and zeolite sand is effective in reducing levels of BOD, COD, total N, TSS, and pH of leachate water in all three types of thickness. The highest effectiveness in reducing TSS is 10cm thickness of 11.76%. The highest effectiveness in reducing total pH, COD, BOD and N is 20cm thickness by 19.6%, 22.6%, 35.5% and 33.33%. For Hg and Cd, the filtration process for each thickness is not effective in reducing levels of heavy metals.
Aplikasi Microwave Hydrodistillation pada Ekstraksi Biji Kapulaga
Authors: Rahkadima Y. Tri , Ningsih Anggun Fitria Laila , Fitri Medya Ayunda 
Published: October 2020

Minyak Atsiri dari kapulaga memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang industri maupun kesehatan. Metode alternatif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan karena metode konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil minyak atsiri dari proses ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan soxhlet dan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistilation . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk biji kapulaga seberat 40 gram yang telah dipisahkan dari bahan impuritiesnya . Pada metode ekstraksi Soxhlet , n-heksan digunakan sebagai pelarut, sementara itu pada metode ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistilation menggunakan aquadest sebagai pelarutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen yield tertinggi diperoleh saat menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet yaitu sebesar 3,608% dengan volume pelarut 250 ml , waktu ekstraksi 6 jam. Penggunaan aquades dalam metode microwave hydro-distilation tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal jika dibandingkan metode konventional ekstraksi soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan.

Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits in the field of industry and health. Alternative methods are needed to optimize the quality and quantity of essential oils produced because conventional methods have many disadvantages. This study aims to compare the results of essential oils from conventional extraction processes using Soxhlet and Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction. The study was conducted using cardamom seed powder weighing 40 grams which had been separated from the impurities. In the Soxhlet extraction method, n-hexane is used as a solvent, while in the Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction method uses aquadest as the solvent. The results showed that the highest percent yield was obtained when using the Soxhlet extraction method which was 3.608% with a volume of solvent of 250 ml, extraction time of 6 hours. The use of distilled water in the microwave hydro-distillation method does not give maximum results when compared to the conventional method of extracting Soxhlet with n-hexane solvent.
Radiomics Nomogram of DCE-MRI for the Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Mao Ning , Dai Yi , Lin Fan , Ma Heng , Duan Shaofeng , Xie Haizhu , Zhao Wenlei , Hong Nan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study aimed to establish and validate a radiomics nomogram based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI for predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in breast cancer.MethodThis retrospective study included 296 patients with breast cancer who underwent DCE-MRI examinations between July 2017 and June 2018. A total of 396 radiomics features were extracted from primary tumor. In addition, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to select the features. Radiomics signature and independent risk factors were incorporated to build a radiomics nomogram model. Calibration and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to confirm the performance of the nomogram in the training and validation sets. The clinical usefulness of the nomogram was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe radiomics signature consisted of three ALN-status-related features, and the nomogram model included the radiomics signature and the MR-reported lymph node (LN) status. The model showed good calibration and discrimination with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–0.97] in the training set and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85–0.95) in the validation set. In the MR-reported LN-negative (cN0) subgroup, the nomogram model also exhibited favorable discriminatory ability (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87). DCA findings indicated that the nomogram model was clinically useful.ConclusionsThe MRI-based radiomics nomogram model could be used to preoperatively predict the ALN metastasis of breast cancer.