bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nationwide Cohort Study of Outcome after Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Omling Erik , Salö Martin , Saluja Saurabh , Bergbrant Sanna , Olsson Louise , Björk Jonas , Hagander Lars 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Children with appendicitis often present with complicated disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical management of pediatric appendicitis, and to report how disease severity and operative modality are associated with short- and long-term risks of adverse outcome.
Materials and Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study of all Swedish children (<18 years) diagnosed with appendicitis, 2001 to 2014 (n = 38,939). Primary and secondary outcomes were length of stay, surgical site infections, readmissions, 30-day mortality, and long-term risk of surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO). Implications of complicated disease and operative modality were assessed with adjustment for age, gender, and trends over time.
Results Complicated appendicitis was associated with longer hospital stay (4 vs. 2 days, p < 0.001), increased risk of surgical site infection (5.9 vs. 2.3%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.64 [95% confidence interval, CI: 2.18–3.18], p < 0.001), readmission (5.5 vs. 1.2, aOR: 4.74 [95% CI: 4.08–5.53], p < 0.001), as well as long-term risk of surgery for SBO (0.7 vs. 0.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.89 [95% CI: 2.61–5.78], p < 0.001). Intended laparoscopic approach was associated with reduced risk of surgical site infections (2.3 vs. 3.1%, aOR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.62–0.89], p = 0.001), but no overall reduction in risk for SBO; however, successful laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with less SBO during follow-up compared with open appendectomy (aHR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.11–0.63], p = 0.002).
Conclusion Children treated for complicated appendicitis are at risk of substantial short- and long-term morbidities. Fewer surgical site infections were seen after intended laparoscopic appendectomy, compared with open appendectomy, also when converted procedures were accounted for.
Rare Abnormality of the Posterior Fossa: Unilateral İsolated Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Authors: Keçeli Merter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cerebellum abnormalities may be hypoplastic, dysplastic, or hypoplastic. It is very rare that the cerebellar hemisphere is affected unilaterally in the posterior fossa abnormalities. The reason for this effect is mostly sequela. This pathology presents with neuromotor developmental abnormalities. In this presentation, isolated left cerebellar hypoplasia is described radiologically in a 21-month-old male patient with neuromotor development defects. Dysplastic appearance was noticeable in the observable part of the left cerebellar hemisphere and folia. The cerebellar vermis could not be shaped. The right cerebellar hemisphere, other posterior fossa formations, and supratentorial area were natural. In patients with neuromuscular abnormalities, the posterior fossa is applied with care. It should be remembered that cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia can be unilateral.
Prevalence of Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Erben Young , Da Rocha-Franco Joao A. , Ball Colleen T. , Barrett Kevin M. , Freeman William D. , Lin Michelle , Tawk Rabih , Huang Josephine F. , Vibhute Prasana , Oderich Gustavo , Miller David A. , Farres Houssam , Davila Victor , Money Samuel R. , Meltzer Andrew J. , Hakaim Albert G. , Brott T.G. , Meschia James F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior studies suggest high prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We reviewed our multicenter experience in clinical detection/treatment of IAs in AAA patients and estimated the risk of IA in patients with AAA relative to patients without AAA. We reviewed cases of vascular surgery infrarenal AAA repairs at three Mayo Clinic sites from January 1998 to December 2018. Concurrent controls were randomly matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, smoking history, and head imaging characteristics. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios. We reviewed 2,300 infrarenal AAA repairs. Mean size of AAA at repair was 56.9 ± 11.4 mm; mean age at repair, 75.8 ± 8.0 years. 87.5% of the cases (n = 2014) were men. Head imaging was available in 421 patients. Thirty-seven patients were found to have 45 IAs for a prevalence of 8.8%. Mean size of IA was 4.6 ± 3.5 mm; mean age at IA detection, 72.0 ± 10.8 years. Thirty (81%) out of 37 patients were men. Six patients underwent treatment for IA: four for ruptured IAs and two for unruptured IAs. All were diagnosed before AAA repair. Treatment included five clippings and one coil-assisted stenting. Time from IA diagnosis to AAA repair was 16.4 ± 11.0 years. Two of these patients presented with ruptured AAA, one with successful repair and a second one that resulted in death. Odds of IA were higher for patients with AAA versus those without AAA (8.8% [37/421] vs. 3.1% [13/421]; OR 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.62–6.27, p < 0.001). Co-prevalence of IA among patients with AAA was 8.8% and is more than three times the rate seen in patients without AAA. All IAs were diagnosed prior to AAA repair. Surveillance for AAA after IA treatment could have prevented two AAA ruptures and one death.
Can Early Clinical Status Predict Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates?
Authors: Kumar MK Alok , Pournami Femitha , Venkata Sujith Kumar Reddy Gurram , Nandakumar Anand , Prabhakar Jyothi , Jain Naveen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates are the sickest patrons of neonatal intensive care. Authors have attempted to predict outcomes based on perinatal factors very soon after birth. Allowing a longer duration for clinical assessment may permit meaningful assessments. Postponing these predictions to several weeks does not offer succour.
Methods We retrospectively studied association of predefined perinatal factors and clinical status of 53 ELBW infants in the first 72 hours of life; with death or continued need for respiratory support at 4 weeks of life separately (RS4).
Results Mean and standard deviations of birth weight and gestational age were 781.8 (±130.7) g (range: 510–990 g) and 26.4 (±1.5) weeks (range: 24–30 weeks), respectively; 32.9% were < 750 g at birth. Of the 53 neonates, 20.7% babies expired and 47.1% required RS4 (66% neonates suffered composite outcome of death/RS4). Need for > 0.3 fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) beyond 72 hours of life demonstrated strong association with death/RS4 (odds ratio [OR] 14.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2–63.0). Need for chest compression (OR 15.3; 95% CI 1.4–167.2) and shock (OR 14.2; 95% CI 2.7–72.8) were significantly associated with mortality.
Conclusion FiO2 requirement of > 0.3 at 72 hours reasonably predicts death or dependence on respiratory supports at 4 weeks of life.
Navigating the Myriad of von Willebrand Factor Assays
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstractvon Willebrand factor (VWF) represents a large and complex adhesive plasma protein whose main function is to provide a bridge between blood platelets and damaged endothelium, and thus facilitate primary hemostasis. VWF also binds to FVIII, preventing early proteolysis, and delivers this cargo to sites of vascular injury, thereby promoting clot formation and secondary hemostasis. An absence, deficiency, or defect in VWF can lead to a bleeding diathesis called von Willebrand disease (VWD), considered the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Contemporary laboratory assays used in VWD diagnosis/exclusion comprise a myriad of assays that identify the quantity (level) of VWF, as well as the multitude of VWF activities. These may use the following test abbreviations: VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CB, VWF:GPIbR, VWF:GPIbM, VWF:FVIIB, VWF:Ab. The current review explains what these assays are, as well as their place in VWD diagnostics.
A method for approximate computation of waveguide scattering matrices
Authors: Plamenevskii B. A. , Poretskii A. S. , Sarafanov O. V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A waveguide occupies a domain in an

-dimensional Euclidean space which has several cylindrical outlets to infinity. Three classes of waveguides are considered: those of quantum theory, of electromagnetic theory, and of elasticity theory, described respectively by the Helmholtz operator, the Maxwell system, and the system of equations for an elastic medium. It is assumed that the coefficients of all problems stabilize exponentially at infinity, to functions that are independent of the axial variable in the corresponding cylindrical outlet. Each row of the scattering matrix is given approximately by minimizing a quadratic functional. This functional is constructed by use of an elliptic boundary value problem in a bounded domain obtained by cutting the cylindrical outlets of the waveguide at some distance

. The existence and uniqueness of a solution is proved for each of the three types of waveguides. The minimizers converge exponentially fast as functions of

, as

, to rows of the scattering matrix.
Bibliography: 47 titles.
Non-uniform Kozlov–Treschev averagings in the ergodic theorem
Authors: Bogachev V. I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Generalizations and refinements are given for results of Kozlov and Treschev on non-uniform averagings in the ergodic theorem in the case of operator semigroups on spaces of integrable functions and semigroups of measure-preserving transformations. Conditions on the averaging measures are studied under which the averages converge for broad classes of integrable functions.
Bibliography: 96 items.
Quadratic conservation laws for equations of mathematical physics
Authors: Kozlov V. V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Linear systems of differential equations in a Hilbert space are considered that admit a positive-definite quadratic form as a first integral. The following three closely related questions are the focus of interest in this paper: the existence of other quadratic integrals, the Hamiltonian property of a linear system, and the complete integrability of such a system. For non-degenerate linear systems in a finite-dimensional space essentially exhaustive answers to all these questions are known. Results of a general nature are applied to linear evolution equations of mathematical physics: the wave equation, the Liouville equation, and the Maxwell and Schrödinger equations.
Bibliography: 60 titles.
A long birth
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the diachronic development of Russian numeral constructions consisting of a paucal numeral (dva“two”,tri“three”,četyre“four”) followed by an adjective and a noun. Based on statistical analysis of more than 6,000 corpus examples, it is shown that a split took place in the second half of the twentieth century when feminine nouns developed a different agreement pattern from that of masculine and neuter nouns. This split is argued to represent the final step in a long “birth process” of gender-specific paucal constructions that started with the loss of the dual in the Middle Ages. It is suggested that we are witnessing a cascading effect, whereby the feminine pattern develops when the pattern for masculine and neuter nouns is approaching stabilization. The article furthermore includes a discussion of the hypothesis that “S-curves” represent a template for language change. While the documented changes resemble S-curves, the proposed analysis also addresses some general problems with testing the S-curve hypothesis empirically.
Universal bounds for imaging in scattering media*
Authors: Byrnes Niall , Foreman Matthew R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work we establish universal ensemble independent bounds on the mean and variance of the mutual information and channel capacity for imaging through a complex medium. Both upper and lower bounds are derived and are solely dependent on the mean transmittance of the medium and the number of degrees of freedom N. In the asymptotic limit of large N, upper bounds on the channel capacity are shown to be well approximated by that of a bimodal channel with independent identically Bernoulli distributed transmission eigenvalues. Reflection based imaging modalities are also considered and permitted regions in the transmission-reflection information plane defined. Numerical examples drawn from the circular and DMPK random matrix ensembles are used to illustrate the validity of the derived bounds. Finally, although the mutual information and channel capacity are shown to be non-linear statistics of the transmission eigenvalues, the existence of central limit theorems is demonstrated and discussed.
Digital picture watermarking technique for security applications
Authors: Swapna B , Kamalahasan M , Srinidhi S , Sowmiya S , Vasanth S , Divyabharathi P Sri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDigital picture watermarking is employed to stay secret the proprietary info as a watermark within a digital image, to spot the possession. This method has relevancy to any or all pictures. Separate trigonometric function transform (DCT) is employed before inserting the watermark within the host image. The host picture is isolated into 8×8 non-covering hinders preceding DCT application, and therefore the watermark bit is inserted by dynamic distinction between DCT coefficients of contiguous squares. Arnold transform is employed even so disorderly encoding to feature 2-fold block safeguard to the watermark. 3 distinctive variations of the planned calculation are tried and stone-broke down. The reenactment results demonstrate that the planned set up is powerful to the overwhelming majority of the image making ready tasks like JPEG pressure, honing, trimming, middle separating, and so on. To approve the proficiency of the planned technique, the recreation results are contrasted and sure condition of-workmanship systems. The examination results represent that the planned set up performs higher as so much as power, security and imperceptivity. Given the advantages of the planned set up, it alright could also be used in applications like e-social insurance and telemedicine to smartly hide out electronic eudemonia records in therapeutic footage.
Magnitude estimation of the 1900 earthquake in Venezuela based on its coseismic effects
Authors: Vásquez R , Guzmán A L , Rodríguez J A , Colón S , Audemard F , Cabas Mauricio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 29 October, 1900, earthquake occurred in Venezuela triggered six landslides and six liquefactions located in the center-north region of Venezuela and La Tortuga island. Due to the location of the coseismic effects, the barycenter and the focal depth related to this earthquake, it was possible to calculate the magnitude by using several statistical methods. The results show a magnitude in the range 7.4-7.7 Mw, with an average value equal to 7.6 Mw, which is consistent with the instrumental magnitude of 7.6 Mwobtained by Fiedler (1988) and the macrosismic magnitude by Vásquezet al.(2018) equal to 7.5 ± 0.3 Mw estimated by using the Bakun and Wentworth (1997) method.
Finite element analysis of square ring shape force transducer
Authors: Pratap Singh Ajay , Pradhan Dhananjay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Force transducer is an important component used for force measurement in many industrial applications. A unique material PC - ABS by 3-D printing is used for numerical investigation for square ring force transduce. This study elaborated the procedure of FEA for a force transducer of 3-D printed material with 1750 N nominal capacity.
Characteristics of ZrB2-ZrO2-MoSi2-Al coating on carbon/carbon composite obtained by a new multi-chamber detonation accelerator
Authors: Kovaleva M G , Goncharov I Yu , Novikov V Yu , Yapryntsev M N , Vagina O N , Pavlenko I N , Sirota V V , Tyurin Yu N , Kolisnichenko O V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ZrB2-ZrO2-MoSi2-Al coating was prepared by a new multi-chamber detonation accelerator on carbon/carbon (C/C) composites without adhesion sublayer. The microstructure of the coating showed the laying characteristics of completely molten and partially molten areas had as lamellar-like structure. The coating was dense, homogeneous, and well connected with C/C composite substrate without sublayer. Void content in coating is 0.5±0.05% as determined by image analysis.
Data on the corrosion resistance as-received, annealed and quenched 1060 aluminum alloy in dilute H2SO4 and HCl acid concentrations
Authors: Loto Roland T , Loto Cleophas , Ayeoritsenogun Igbogbo Emilia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of annealing and quenching heat treatment processes on the corrosion resistance of 1060 aluminum alloy was studied by weight loss method in 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2M H2SO4 and HCl acid media. Alteration of the microstructural constituents of the alloy significantly influenced its corrosion resistance. Data obtained confirmed that quenched aluminum depicted the highest corrosion resistance with highest corrosion rate value of 0.00149 mm/y and 0.02151 mm/y from 2 M H2SO4 and HCl solution. Annealed aluminum exhibited the lowest corrosion resistance with optimal corrosion rates of 0.00768 mm/y and 0.02792 mm/y. Corrosion resistance of as-received aluminum was observed to be intermediate between the values obtained for quenched and annealed aluminum alloy. Annealed AL1060 exhibited the highest standard deviation value in H2SO4 while quenched AL1060 exhibited the highest values in HCl solution. Mean values generally increased with increase in acid solution for the as-received, annealed and quenched AL1060. Statistical data from analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows acid concentration is the statistically relevance sources of variation influence the the corrosion behaviour of as-received, annealed and quenched AL1060 in H2SO4 and HCl solution. The statistical relevance values for acid concentration obtained in H2SO4 solution 83.40%, 97.04% and 89.29% while the corresponding values in HCl solution are 97.94%, 99.29% and 96.07%. The values for exposure time were calculated to be statistically irrelevant in both acids.
Green composite materials for green technology in the automotive industry
Authors: Kurien Rittin Abraham , Selvaraj D Philip , Sekar M , Koshy Chacko Preno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The utilization of inexhaustible assets is a significant achievement towards viable individual versatility. Using natural fibers is a worthwhile input towards the ecological mindful of individual transportation. There were numerous advantages related with green initiative which includes better acoustic properties, weight and cost saving potential along with better working conditions. This research contributes a review in the expansive field of green composites searching out for materials with possibilities to be applied on vehicle body parts. The usefulness of the regular fiber composites for car industry was outlined. In addition, this work distinguishes a different method for assessing natural fiber composites compared with general desired criteria. This leads to a situation that natural fiber is no longer an environmental waste by its large scale industrial application which is being discussed here. Here different criteria levels were given to the categorize natural fibers. This criteria serves as a basic tool for the engineers while selecting the natural fiber composites based on its practical application. The automobile business is in the driving seat of green composites since it is here that the need is most prominent. Today we’re not offering materials that will change the landscape in the way that metal replacement did, but we are beginning to offer natural fiber composites that will present improvements, particularly in areas such as impact resistance, chemical resistance and, in some cases, process cost.
Machine vision based interferometry for measurement of flatness error in micro and nano manufacturing
Authors: Dabreo Prince W , Joshi Ketaki N , Patil Bhushan T , Kokate Meera B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Interferometer and machine vision both are very trending technologies in the manufacturing industry for quality inspection purpose. Interferometers are commonly used to measure surface contour, flatness, surface finish. Machine vision also plays a vital role in the evaluation of the surface quality and surface profile of components under inspection. In this paper, a combination of interferometer and machine vision principles is used to count the number of fringes to determine taper angle and parallelism error in micro and nanometer range. An interferogram is captured by a camera and image acquisition algorithm. Image processing algorithms are used to count the number of fringes and calculating taper angle as well as flatness (parallelism) error for slip gauge surface.
Design of a 1-3 smart viscoelastic composite layer for augmented constrained layer damping treatment of plates
Authors: Gupta Abhay , Rajidi Shashidhar Reddy , Panda Satyajit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present work, damping performance of plate with constrained 1-3 smart viscoelastic composite (SVC) layer is studied. The 1-3 SVC is formed through the inclusion of piezoelectric patches within pure viscoelastic material (VEM) phase. The overall structural plate is modelled using finite element method. First, the characteristics of in-plane normal strain and transverse shear strain of overall structural plate are examined. Then, in order to study the dynamic performance, the optimal dimensions of present 1-3 SVC strips are determined using direct search method. There is significant improvement in damping with respect to pure VEM. Both extensional and shear counterparts of modal loss factor increase. These results express that 1-3 SVC may be a useful damping layer in the constrained layer damping treatment of overall structural plates..
Dynamic quality prediction and control in rotary sponge iron kilns
Authors: Meher Shibu , Choudhary Puneet , Vempati Vijay Surya , Deo Brahma , Chattopadhyay Partho 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The quality of sponge iron produced in the coal-fired rotary kilns at TATA Steel Long Products Limited (TSLPL) is permitted to vary in a small window of 80-83% Fe. In order to adhere to this window, the expected quality in the next hour is predicted, and appropriate actions are taken if changes or rates of change that take place are not in the right direction. Airflow rate through the primary air blower is controlled constantly. For quality prediction and control purposes, the One Step Ahead Adaptive Control and Prediction Algorithm (OSAA) and Grey (1,1) prediction algorithm have been tailored and tuned. The working principle of OSAA and Grey(1,1) are described, and their accuracy is compared. The results show that OSAA performs better than the Grey(1,1). The OSAA is therefore used to predict the changes required in volume of air blown through the primary air blower and also the amount of injection coal. An expert control system has been developed based on allowable windows of control variables.