bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Banaei Mojdeh , Kariman Nourossadat , Ozgoli Giti , Nasiri Maliheh , Ghasemi Vida , Khiabani Azam , Dashti Sareh , Mohamadkhani Shahri Leila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDyspareunia is one of the most common postpartum sexual dysfunctions.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia.Search strategyWeb of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to July 2019 using keywords including ‘perineal pain,’ ‘dyspareunia,’ and ‘sexual pain’.Selection criteriaObservational studies on the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia were included.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Study heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 index; publication bias by Egger and Begg tests.Main resultsTwenty‐two studies enrolling 11 457 women were included. Based on meta‐analysis, the overall estimated prevalence of dyspareunia was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%–41%). The prevalence was 42% (95% CI, 26%–60%) at 2 months, 43% (95% CI, 36%–50%) at 2–6 months, and 22% (95% CI, 15%–29%) at 6–12 months postpartum. Begg test showed no significant bias in data related to the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia (p = 0.466).ConclusionThe prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia was 35% and decreased with increasing postpartum duration. Given the high prevalence and its impact on a woman's quality of life, special attention should be paid to this common complaint during the postpartum period.
Development for water, food, and nutrition security in a competitive environment—An Asian perspective*
Authors: Panella Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe theme of the Third World Irrigation Forum “Development for water, food, and nutrition in a competitive environment” is highly relevant for Asia. Strong economic growth and an increasing population resulted in an unprecedented pressure on water resources. The first sub‐theme “Enabling policy environment for water, food, and energy security” aligns well with the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) Strategy 2030 which recognizes the water‐food‐energy nexus as critical. Asia is a hotspot of water insecurity, and cognizant of this the ADB has developed the Asian Water Development Outlook which focuses on water security. The newest edition, currently under development, expands the outlook to include actionable indicators. Water productivity should improve significantly to meet future challenges; the ADB is a pioneer in using remote sensing‐based water productivity measurements in irrigation systems for guiding and monitoring investments. Circular water use in closed systems would be an alternative as well. Operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage systems is crucial for sustainability, the ADB uses innovative financing to address this. Feminization of agriculture occurs in many member countries and increasingly projects focus on gender and equality. Recently, the first project among irrigation projects categorized as gender equality has been developed for Tajikistan.
Knockdown of lncRNA TTTY15 alleviates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through the miR‐374a‐5p/FOXO1 axis
Authors: Chen Yong‐Quan , Yang Xin , Xu Wei , Yan Yi , Chen Xi‐Ming , Huang Zhao‐Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury greatly contributes to myocardial tissue damage in patients with coronary disease, which eventually leads to heart failure. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an emerging role in the process of myocardial I/R injury. Our previous work revealed the protective role of miR‐374a‐5p against myocardial I/R injury. In this study, we explored the role of lncRNA TTTY15 and its potential interaction mechanisms with miR‐374a‐5p in myocardial I/R injury. The expression of TTTY15 was increased both in vitro and in vivo after myocardial I/R injury models according to quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Various assays were conducted to evaluate the regulatory relationship among TTTY15, miR‐374a‐5p, FOXO1, and autophagy in H9c2 and HL‐1 cells. The results showed that TTTY15 suppresses autophagy and myocardial I/R injury by targeting miR‐374a‐5p. We found that TTTY15 regulates miR‐374a‐5p, thus affecting FOXO1 expression and autophagy in myocytes during I/R. Furthermore, in an in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, suppression of TTTY15 successfully alleviated myocardial I/R injury. Our results reveal a novel feedback mechanism in which TTTY15 regulates miRNA processing and a potential target in myocardial I/R injury. TTTY15 is a promising therapeutic target for treating myocardial I/R injury.
Maple syrup urine disease: Clinical outcomes, metabolic control, and genotypes in a screened population after four decades of newborn bloodspot screening in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: O'Reilly Daniel , Crushell Ellen , Hughes Joanne , Ryan Stephanie , Rogers Yvonne , Borovickova Ingrid , Mayne Philip , Riordan Michael , Awan Atif , Carson Kevin , Hunter Kim , Lynch Bryan , Shahwan Amre , Rüfenacht Véronique , Häberle Johannes , Treacy Eileen P. , Monavari Ahmad A. , Knerr Ina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince 1972, 18 patients (10 females/8 males) have been detected by newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) with neonatal‐onset maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in Ireland. Patients were stratified into three clusters according to clinical outcome at the time of data collection, including developmental, clinical, and IQ data. A fourth cluster comprised of two early childhood deaths; a third patient died as an adult. We present neuroimaging and electroencephalography together with clinical and biochemical data. Incidence of MSUD (1972‐2018) was 1 in 147 975. Overall good clinical outcomes were achieved with 15/18 patients alive and with essentially normal functioning (with only the lowest performing cluster lying beyond a single SD on their full scale intelligence quotient). Molecular genetic analysis revealed genotypes hitherto not reported, including a possible digenic inheritance state for the BCKDHA and DBT genes in one family. Treatment has been based on early implementation of emergency treatment, diet, close monitoring, and even dialysis in the setting of acute metabolic decompensation. A plasma leucine ≥400 μmol/L (outside therapeutic range) was more frequently observed in infancy or during adolescence, possibly due to infections, hormonal changes, or noncompliance. Children require careful management during metabolic decompensations in early childhood, and this represented a key risk period in our cohort. A high level of metabolic control can be achieved through diet with early implementation of a “sick day” regime and, in some cases, dialysis as a rescue therapy. The Irish cohort, despite largely classical phenotypes, achieved good outcomes in the NBS era, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and skilled multidisciplinary team management.
Cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency in the E‐HOD registry‐part I: pyridoxine responsiveness as a determinant of biochemical and clinical phenotype at diagnosis
Authors: Kožich Viktor , Sokolová Jitka , Morris Andrew A. M. , Pavlíková Markéta , Gleich Florian , Kölker Stefan , Krijt Jakub , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Blom Henk J. , Huemer Martina ,   E‐HOD consortium
Published: December 2020

AbstractCystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from neurodevelopmental problems, lens dislocation and marfanoid features in early childhood to adult onset disease with predominantly thromboembolic complications. We have analysed clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis in 328 patients with CBS deficiency from the E‐HOD (European network and registry for Homocystinurias and methylation Defects) registry. We developed comprehensive criteria to classify patients into four groups of pyridoxine responsivity: non‐responders (NR), partial, full and extreme responders (PR, FR and ER, respectively). All groups showed overlapping concentrations of plasma total homocysteine while pyridoxine responsiveness inversely correlated with plasma/serum methionine concentrations. The FR and ER groups had a later age of onset and diagnosis and a longer diagnostic delay than NR and PR patients. Lens dislocation was common in all groups except ER but the age of dislocation increased with increasing responsiveness. Developmental delay was commonest in the NR group while no ER patient had cognitive impairment. Thromboembolism was the commonest presenting feature in ER patients, whereas it was least likely at presentation in the NR group. This probably is due to the differences in ages at presentation: all groups had a similar number of thromboembolic events per 1000 patient‐years. Clinical severity of CBS deficiency depends on the degree of pyridoxine responsiveness. Therefore, a standardised pyridoxine‐responsiveness test in newly diagnosed patients and a critical review of previous assessments is indispensable to ensure adequate therapy and to prevent or reduce long‐term complications.
A case of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever with the bacteremia of Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Izcı Feyza , Ture Zeynep , Sagiroglu Pınar , Temel Sahın , Yildiz Orhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a worldwide tick‐borne viral infection in humans. The aim of the study is to report a case of a female patient with severe CCHF with the bacteremia of Clostridium perfringens. An 18‐year‐old woman admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset of fever, nausea and vomiting, myalgia, headache, generalized abdominal pain. It was learned that the patient was living in a rural area and had a history of tick bite 3 days before the admission. At laboratory examination, bicytopenia, abnormal liver function tests, and abnormal coagulation parameters were observed. The diagnosis of the case was confirmed with a positive real‐time polymerase chain reaction. On the third day of hospitalization, she had an increase in abdominal pain, confusion, and respiratory distress. She was transferred to the intensive care unit for close monitoring. On the fifth day of hospitalization, she developed fever again. Catheter and peripheral anaerobic blood cultures grew C. perfringens. No evidence of perforation was observed on abdominal tomography. It has been successfully treated with a multidisciplinary approach. CCHF demonstrates different types of clinical presentations, except for common symptoms of fever and hemorrhage. A case of CCHF with C. perfringens bacteremia has not been previously reported before.
Understanding the pathophysiological changes via untargeted metabolomics in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Doğan Halef O. , Şenol Onur , Bolat Serkan , Yıldız Şeyma N. , Büyüktuna Seyit A. , Sarıismailoğlu Rağıp , Doğan Kübra , Hasbek Mürşit , Hekim Süleyman N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus. There is limited data on the pathogenesis and the cellular responses of COVID‐19. In this study, we aimed to determine the variation of metabolites between healthy control and COVID‐19 via the untargeted metabolomics method. Serum samples were obtained from 44 COVID‐19 patients and 41 healthy controls. Untargeted metabolomics analyses were performed by the LC/Q‐TOF/MS (liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry) method. Data acquisition, classification, and identification were achieved by the METLIN database and XCMS. Significant differences were determined between patients and healthy controls in terms of purine, glutamine, leukotriene D4 (LTD4), and glutathione metabolisms. Downregulations were determined in R‐S lactoglutathione and glutamine. Upregulations were detected in hypoxanthine, inosine, and LTD4. Identified metabolites indicate roles for purine, glutamine, LTD4, and glutathione metabolisms in the pathogenesis of the COVID‐19. The use of selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists, targeting purinergic signaling as a therapeutic approach and glutamine supplementation may decrease the severity and mortality of COVID‐19.
Conventional immunomarkers stain a fraction of astrocytes in vitro: A comparison of rat cortical and spinal cord astrocytes in naïve and stimulated cultures
Authors: Balouch Bailey , Funnell Jessica L. , Ziemba Alexis M. , Puhl Devan L. , Lin Kathy , Gottipati Manoj K. , Gilbert Ryan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are responsible for a wide variety of essential functions throughout the central nervous system. The protein markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1), glutamine synthetase (GS), 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1), and the transcription factor SOX9 are routinely used to label astrocytes in primary rodent cultures. However, GLAST, GLT‐1, GS, and SOX9 are also produced by microglia and oligodendrocytes and GFAP, GLAST, GLT‐1, and GS production levels are affected by astrocyte phenotypic changes associated with reactive astrogliosis. No group has performed a comprehensive immunocytochemical evaluation to quantify the percentage of cells labeled by these markers in vitro, nor compared changes in staining between cortex‐ and spinal cord‐derived cells in naïve and stimulated cultures. Here, we quantified the percentage of cells positively stained for these six markers in astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte cultures isolated from neonatal rat cortices and spinal cords. Additionally, we incubated the astrocytes with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 or TGF‐β3 to determine if the labeling of these markers is altered by these stimuli. We found that only SOX9 in cortical cultures and ALDH1L1 in spinal cord cultures labeled more than 75% of the cells in naïve and stimulated astrocyte cultures and stained less than 5% of the cells in microglia and oligodendrocyte cultures. Furthermore, significantly more cortical than spinal cord astrocytes stained for GFAP, GLAST, and ALDH1L1 in naïve cultures, whereas significantly more spinal cord than cortical astrocytes stained for GLAST and GS in TGF‐β1‐treated cultures. These findings are important as variability in marker staining may lead to misinterpretation of the astrocyte response in cocultures, migration assays, or engineered disease models.
Silver ion‐doped calcium phosphate‐based bone‐graft substitute eliminates chronic osteomyelitis: An experimental study in animals
Authors: Köse Nusret , Asfuroğlu Zeynel M. , Köse Aydan , Şahintürk Varol , Gürbüz Mevlüt , Doğan Aydın 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the latest technologies and advances in microbiology and orthopedic surgery, chronic osteomyelitis is still a challenging disorder. Antibiotic resistance and bacterially induced bone destruction can have very serious consequences. We hypothesized that calcium phosphate‐based bone graft substitution with silver ion doping would simultaneously treat bone infection and the bony defect in the chronic osteomyelitis. An unicortical 10‐mm‐diameter bone was harvested in the proximal tibial metaphysis of 24 rabbits. After contaminating the wounds with an infective dose of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), osteomyelitis was proven radiographically and microbiologically in all rabbits. Animals were than divided into three groups. The first group received vancomycin‐impregnated bone cement beads (comparative control group), the second/experimental group received silver ion‐doped calcium phosphate beads and the third group received pure calcium phosphate beads (negative controls). Radiographs, intraosseous cultures, and histopathological examinations were performed on postoperative Week 10. The cultures showed no evidence of intramedullary infection in the silver ion‐doped calcium phosphate beads group, but they were positive for MRSA in four of the six rabbits in the vancomycin‐ impregnated bone cement beads group and in all of the eight rabbits in the pure calcium phosphate beads group. Quantitative assessment of histopathological examination showed lowest total damage score in silver ion‐doped calcium phosphate beads group (p < .001). Percentage of osteoid tissue + bony tissue was also higher in this group compared with other groups. In the final radiological examinations, it was observed that the changes caused by osteomyelitis in the bone tissue in the silver ion‐doped calcium phosphate beads group were much improved compared with the vancomycin‐impregnated bone cement beads group. Silver ion doped calcium phosphate‐based bone‐graft substitute offer the ability to stimulate bone growth, combat infection, and, ultimately, treat experimental chronic osteomyelitis in an animal model.
Gatifloxacin–Ionic Surfactant Interactions: Volumetric, Acoustic, Voltammetric, and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Rahman Hafiz Muhammad Abd Ur , Asghar Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurfactant systems have been frequently used as pseudomodels for investigating interactions of drugs with biological membranes because of their structural similarities with the latter. This helps to understand complicated yet very important biological processes like diffusion of bioactive moieties through biomembranes. The current study deals with voltammetric and spectroscopic studies to evaluate the interaction of a potential antibacterial drug, gatifloxacin (GTF), with a cationic surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), under physiological conditions (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). For more detailed insight into the GTF–ionic surfactant interactions, density and acoustic data were also recorded and used to calculate several important parameters, namely, apparent molar volume (ɸV), isentropic compressibility (Ks), and apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ɸK) at T = 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. Values for partial molar volume (, partial molar expansivity , specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), intermolecular free length (Lf), and sound velocity number (U) were also obtained. The interpretation of the concentration dependence of the above‐mentioned quantities using a cosphere overlap model led to a better apprehension of solute–solute and solute–solvent intermolecular interactions present in the investigated system, whereas cyclic voltammetry and ultra violet (UV)–visible spectroscopic studies assisted in predicting the location of adsorbed GTF molecules within the DTAB and SDS micelles.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Rhinosinusitis: In‐Person Versus Virtual Visits During Covid‐19
Authors: Miller Lauren E. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine if antibiotic prescribing patterns differ for in‐person versus virtual clinic visits for acute rhinosinusitis (ARS).Study DesignCross sectional study.MethodsAll adult virtual clinical encounters from March to May 2020 with a principal diagnosis of ARS were reviewed for demographic data and the presence or absence of an antibiotic prescription during the coronavirus shut down in Massachusetts. In‐person clinical encounters from March to May 2019 were similarly examined as a control. The rate of antibiotic prescription was compared between virtual (2020) and in‐person (2019) visits for ARS diagnoses.ResultsThere were 2,075 patients in March to May 2020 and 3,654 patients March to May 2019 who received an ARS principal diagnosis at their virtual and in‐person outpatient visits, respectively. There was a statistically significant lower rate of antibiotic prescriptions for ARS in 2020 (72.1%) versus 2019 (76.7%).The odds ratio for an antibiotic prescription for ARS was 0.783 (95% confidence interval, 0.693–0.86; P < .001) for patients seen in the 2020 cohort versus the 2019 cohort. The compared rates for antibiotic prescribing for 2020 versus 2019 were not different in individual month‐to‐month comparisons. When stratified by otolaryngology providers there was no statistically significant difference of antibiotic prescriptions between the 2019 and 2020 cohort (P = .781).ConclusionsDuring the massive transition to virtual visits for March to May 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic shut down in Massachusetts, the total rate of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for ARS was lower in the virtual visit environment compared to the traditional in‐person visit. In this scenario, telemedicine did not result in an increase in antibiotic prescribing despite the lack of an in‐person physical exam.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E2121–E2124, 2021
Expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin in Mouse Ear Tissue, and the Implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection
Authors: Uranaka Tsukasa , Kashio Akinori , Ueha Rumi , Sato Taku , Bing Han , Ying Gao , Kinoshita Makoto , Kondo Kenji , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisIntracellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) depends on the interaction between its spike protein with the cellular receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and depends on Furin‐mediated spike protein cleavage and spike protein priming by host cell proteases, including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). As the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin in the middle and inner ear remain unclear, we analyzed the expression of these proteins in mouse ear tissues.Study DesignAnimal Research.MethodsWe performed immunohistochemical analysis to examine the distribution of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin in the Eustachian tube, middle ear spaces, and cochlea of mice.ResultsACE2 was present in the nucleus of the epithelium of the middle ear and Eustachian tube, as well as in some nuclei of the hair cells in the organ of Corti, in the stria vascularis, and the spiral ganglion cells. ACE2 was also expressed in the cytoplasm of the stria vascularis. TMPRSS2 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in the middle spaces, with the expression being stronger in the nucleus in the mucosal epithelium of the middle ear spaces and Eustachian tube. TMPRSS2 was present in the cytoplasm in the organ of Corti and stria vascularis and in the nucleus and cytoplasm in the spiral ganglion. Furin was expressed in the cytoplasm in the middle ear spaces, Eustachian tube, and cochlea.ConclusionsACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin are diffusely present in the Eustachian tube, middle ear spaces, and cochlea, suggesting that these tissues are susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2013–E2017, 2021
Studies on coatings containing nano‐zinc oxide for steel protection
Authors: Shmait Abeer , Awad Ramadan , Rahal Hanan T. , Azouri Michele , Abdel‐Gaber Ashraf M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The resulting NPs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the coatings has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images show a uniform and homogeneous distribution of ZnO‐NPs in polyurethane (PU) coatings while aggregates appear in epoxy coatings. Using tensile stress–strain test, the effect of the addition of ZnO‐NPs on the mechanical properties of PU and epoxy coatings was examined. The addition of ZnO‐NPs has enhanced the Young's modulus and the tensile strength of PU and epoxy coatings. Through the open‐circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, the anticorrosive properties of PU‐ or epoxy‐coated mild steel panels containing ZnO‐NPs have been investigated in 0.5 M NaCl solution. Nyquist impedance plots for PU and epoxy coatings in PU‐ or epoxy‐coated mild steel panels containing ZnO‐NPs were tested in the absence and presence of ZnO‐NPs have different responses. It has been shown that the dispersion of ZnO‐NPs significantly improves the anticorrosive performance of PU coatings. A PU coating containing 700 mg/kg ZnO‐NPs is recommended to achieve better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.