bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat chromatin architecture is organized in genome territories and transcription factories
Authors: Concia Lorenzo , Veluchamy Alaguraj , Ramirez-Prado Juan S. , Martin-Ramirez Azahara , Huang Ying , Perez Magali , Domenichini Severine , Rodriguez Granados Natalia Y. , Kim Soonkap , Blein Thomas , Duncan Susan , Pichot Clement , Manza-Mianza Deborah , Juery Caroline , Paux Etienne , Moore Graham , Hirt Heribert , Bergounioux Catherine , Crespi Martin , Mahfouz Magdy M. , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Liu Chang , Hall Anthony , Raynaud Cécile , Latrasse David , Benhamed Moussa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Polyploidy is ubiquitous in eukaryotic plant and fungal lineages, and it leads to the co-existence of several copies of similar or related genomes in one nucleus. In plants, polyploidy is considered a major factor in successful domestication. However, polyploidy challenges chromosome folding architecture in the nucleus to establish functional structures.

Results
We examine the hexaploid wheat nuclear architecture by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, Hi-C, and Hi-ChIP data. Our results highlight the presence of three levels of large-scale spatial organization: the arrangement into genome territories, the diametrical separation between facultative and constitutive heterochromatin, and the organization of RNA polymerase II around transcription factories. We demonstrate the micro-compartmentalization of transcriptionally active genes determined by physical interactions between genes with specific euchromatic histone modifications. Both intra- and interchromosomal RNA polymerase-associated contacts involve multiple genes displaying similar expression levels.

Conclusions
Our results provide new insights into the physical chromosome organization of a polyploid genome, as well as on the relationship between epigenetic marks and chromosome conformation to determine a 3D spatial organization of gene expression, a key factor governing gene transcription in polyploids.
Evaluation of the relative roles of the Tabanidae and Glossinidae in the transmission of trypanosomosis in drug resistance hotspots in Mozambique
Authors: Mulandane Fernando C. , Snyman Louwtjie P. , Brito Denise R. A. , Bouyer Jeremy , Fafetine José , Van Den Abbeele Jan , Oosthuizen Marinda , Delespaux Vincent , Neves Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) are haematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance due to their respective role in the biological and mechanical transmission of trypanosomes. Few studies on the distribution and relative abundance of both families have been conducted in Mozambique since the country’s independence. Despite Nicoadala, Mozambique, being a multiple trypanocidal drug resistance hotspot no information regarding the distribution, seasonality or infection rates of fly-vectors are available. This is, however, crucial to understanding the epidemiology of trypanosomosis and to refine vector management.MethodsFor 365 days, 55 traps (20 NGU traps, 20 horizontal traps and 15 Epsilon traps) were deployed in three grazing areas of Nicoadala District: Namitangurine (25 traps); Zalala (15 traps); and Botao (15 traps). Flies were collected weekly and preserved in 70% ethanol. Identification using morphological keys was followed by molecular confirmation using cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 gene. Trap efficiency, species distribution and seasonal abundance were also assessed. To determine trypanosome infection rates, DNA was extracted from the captured flies, and submitted to18SPCR-RFLP screening for the detection ofTrypanosoma.ResultsIn total, 4379 tabanids (of 10 species) and 24 tsetse flies (of 3 species), were caught. NGU traps were more effective in capturing both the Tabanidae and Glossinidae. Higher abundance and species diversity were observed in Namitangurine followed by Zalala and Botao. Tabanid abundance was approximately double during the rainy season compared to the dry season.Trypanosoma congolenseandT. theileriwere detected in the flies with overall infection rates of 75% for tsetse flies and 13% for tabanids.Atylotus agrestishad the highest infection rate of the tabanid species. The only pathogenic trypanosome detected wasT. congolense.ConclusionsDespite the low numbers of tsetse flies captured, it can be assumed that they are still the cyclical vectors of trypanosomosis in the area. However, the high numbers of tabanids captured, associated to their demonstrated capacity of transmitting trypanosomes mechanically, suggest an important role in the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the Nicoadala district. These results on the composition of tsetse and tabanid populations as well as the observed infection rates, should be considered when defining strategies to control the disease.
The effect of Total resistance exercise vs. aquatic training on self-reported knee instability, pain, and stiffness in women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Assar Shirin , Gandomi Farzaneh , Mozafari Mahsa , Sohaili Freshteh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Knee Instability (KI) is described as a sense of knee buckling, shifting, or giving way during the weight bearing activities. High prevalence (60–80%) has been reported for KI amongst the patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this line, the present study targeted the effect of two interventions on self-reported KI and affected factors.

Methods
In this single blind, randomized, and controlled trial, 36 patients with radiographic grading (Kellgren–Lawrence ≥ II) of KOA were selected. Patients were divided into three groups namely, aquatic (n = 12), Total Resistance exercises (TRX) (n = 12) and control (n = 12) by random. Then both 8-week TRX and aquatic exercises were carried out by experimental groups. The following measure were taken before and after interventions: Pain by visual analog scale (VAS), balance by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), quadriceps strength by dynamometer, knee flexion range of motion (ROM) by inclinometer, knee stiffness with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC), and self-reported KI with Felson’s questionnaire.

Results
The results demonstrated that KI, VAS, BBS improved over time both in TRX and aquatic groups significantly (p < 0.05), but WOMAC(stiffness), knee flexion ROM, and quadriceps strength were significantly improved over time only for TRX (p < 0.05). Post hoc test, also, showed that there were significant differences between interventions and control groups (p < 0.05) for the VAS, KI, BBS, but for WOMAC(stiffness), a significant difference was observed only between TRX and control groups (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Although TRX and aquatic interventions had a similar effect on the patients’ balance, pain and KI, TRX had more effect on WOMAC(stiffness), quadriceps strength, and knee flexion ROM than aquatic exercises.

Trial registration
This study was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trial Center with the number IRCT20181222042070N1, http://www.irct.ir/trial/36221, registered 02 February 2019.
$(p,q)$-Generalization of Szász–Mirakjan operators and their approximation properties
Authors: Kara Mustafa , Mahmudov Nazim I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new modification of$(p,q)$(p,q)-analogue of Szász–Mirakjan operators. Firstly, we give a recurrence relation for the moments of$(p,q)$(p,q)-analogue of Szász–Mirakjan operators and present some explicit formulae for the moments and central moments up to order 4. Next, we obtain quantitative estimates for the convergence in the polynomial weighted spaces. In addition, we give the Voronovskaya theorem for the new$(p,q)$(p,q)-Szász–Mirakjan operators.
Existence of positive solutions to negative power nonlinear integral equations with weights
Authors: Chen Hang , Guo Qianqiao , Wang Qian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the existence and non-existence of positive solutions to the following negative power nonlinear integral equation related to the sharp reversed Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality: $$ f^{q-1}(x)= \int _{\varOmega }\frac{K(x)f(y)K(y)}{ \vert x-y \vert ^{n-\alpha }}\,dy+ \lambda \int _{\varOmega }\frac{G(x)f(y)G(y)}{ \vert x-y \vert ^{n-\alpha -\beta }}\,dy, \quad f\geq 0, x\in \overline{ \varOmega }, $$fq−1(x)=∫ΩK(x)f(y)K(y)|x−y|n−αdy+λ∫ΩG(x)f(y)G(y)|x−y|n−α−βdy,f≥0,x∈Ω‾, where $0< q<1$0<q<1, $\alpha >n$α>n, $0<\beta <\alpha -n$0<β<α−n, $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$λ∈R, Ω is a smooth bounded domain, $K(x)$K(x), $G(x)$G(x) are positive continuous functions in Ω̅. For $K\equiv G\equiv 1$K≡G≡1, the existence and non-existence of positive solutions to the equation have been studied by Dou–Guo–Zhu (2019). In this paper we consider the existence and non-existence of positive solutions to the above integral equation with the general weight functions $K(x)$K(x), $G(x)$G(x).
Mannose-binding lectin 2 gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Jun-Xian , Gong Wen-Ping , Zhu Dong-Lin , An Hui-Ru , Yang You-Rong , Liang Yan , Wang Jie , Tang Jing , Zhao Wei-guo , Wu Xue-Qiong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Immune- and inflammation-related genes (IIRGs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between IIRG polymorphisms and TB risk remains unknown. In this study, the gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis were determined in a Chinese population.

Methods
We performed a case-control study involving 1016 patients with TB and 507 healthy controls of Han Chinese origin. Sixty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to 18 IIRGs were genotyped by the PCR-MassArray assay, and the obtained data was analyzed with χ2-test, Bonferroni correction, and unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results
We observed significant differences in the allele frequency of LTA rs2229094*C (P = 0.015), MBL2 rs2099902*C (P = 0.001), MBL2 rs930507*G (P = 0.004), MBL2 rs10824793*G (P = 0.004), and IL12RB1 rs2305740*G (P = 0.040) between the TB and healthy groups. Increased TB risk was identified in the rs930507 G/G genotype (Padjusted = 0.027) under a codominant genetic model as well as in the rs2099902 (C/T + C/C) vs T/T genotype (Padjusted = 0.020), rs930507 (C/G + G/G) vs C/C genotype (Padjusted = 0.027), and rs10824793 (G/A + G/G) vs A/A genotype (Padjusted = 0.017) under a dominant genetic model after Bonferroni correction in the analysis of the overall TB group rather than the TB subgroups. Furthermore, the rs10824793_rs7916582*GT and rs10824793_rs7916582*GC haplotypes were significantly associated with increased TB risk (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.421, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.152–1.753; and P = 0.018, OR = 1.364, 95% CI: 1.055–1.765, respectively). Moreover, the rs10824793_rs7916582*AT/AT or rs10824793_rs7916582*GT/GT diplotype showed a protective (P = 0.003, OR = 0.530, 95% CI: 0.349–0.805) or harmful (P = 0.009, OR = 1.396, 95% CI: 1.087–1.793) effect against the development of TB.

Conclusions
This study indicated that MBL2 polymorphisms, haplotypes, and diplotypes were associated with TB susceptibility in the Han Chinese population. Additionally, larger sample size studies are needed to further confirm these findings in the future.
Bacterial aetiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in children - risk factors
Authors: Korona-Glowniak Izabela , Wisniewska Agata , Juda Marek , Kielbik Karolina , Niedzielska Grazyna , Malm Anna 
Published: April 2020

Background Otitis media with effusion (OME) may occur spontaneously because of poor Eustachian tube function or as an inflammatory response following AOM. Bacterial involvement in OME has been widely reported, with various available methods to identify pathogens from middle ear effusion, including traditional culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Objectives The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological profile of middle ear effusion in OME. Risk factors of the bacterial OME aetiology were also identified. Methods Middle ear effusions (MEF) from 50 children, aged 2–8 years, diagnosed by ENT and undergoing routine tympanostomy tube placement were collected. MEF samples were streaked on standard microbiological media. Next, DNA was isolated from MEF samples and analysed with multiplex PCR for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Alloiococcus otitidis. Results In multiplex PCR assay 37 (74%) of 50 children were positive for at least one of the four microorganisms. In 27.0% positive children multiple bacterial pathogens were identified. A. otitidis was the most frequently identified in positive MEF children (59.5%). By multiplex PCR, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were detected in 24, 18 and 8% of OME patients, respectively. There was significant association between bilateral infection and H. influenzae aetiology of OME. Conclusions Overall we found OME predominantly a single otopathogen infection caused mainly by A. otitidis, which is difficult in identification using standard culture method, ahead to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. However, one third of MEF samples had multiple bacterial pathogens.
WTLS iterative algorithm of 3D similarity coordinate transformation based on Gibbs vectors
Authors: Zeng Huaien , Chang Guobin , He Haiqing , Li Kezhao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 3D similarity coordinate transformation is fundamental and frequently encountered in many areas of work such as geodesy, engineering surveying, LIDAR, terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry, machine vision, etc. The algorithms of 3D similarity transformation are divided into two categories. One is a closed-form algorithm that is straightforward and fast. However, it cannot provide the accuracy information for the transformation parameters. The other category of algorithm is iterative, and this can offer the accuracy information for the transformation parameters. However, the latter usually needs a good initial value of the unknown. Considering the accuracy information for transformation parameters is essential or indispensable from the viewpoint of uncertainty, this contribution proposes a weighted total least squares (WTLS) iterative algorithm of the 3D similarity coordinate transformation based on Gibbs vectors. It is fast in terms of fewer iterations, reliable and does not need good initial values of transformation parameters. Two cases including the registration of LIDAR points with big rotation angles and a geodetic datum transformation with small rotation angles are demonstrated to validate the new algorithm.
Setting the research agenda for living with and beyond cancer with comorbid illness: reflections on a research prioritisation exercise
Authors: Cavers D. , Cunningham-Burley S. , Watson E. , Banks E. , Campbell C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
People living with and beyond cancer are more likely to have comorbid conditions and poorer mental and physical health, but there is a dearth of in-depth research exploring the psychosocial needs of people experiencing cancer and comorbid chronic conditions. A patient partnership approach to research prioritisation and planning can ensure outcomes meaningful to those affected and can inform policy and practice accordingly, but can be challenging.

Methods
We aimed to inform priorities for qualitative inquiry into the experiences and support needs of people living with and beyond cancer with comorbid illness using a partnership approach. A three-step process including a patient workshop to develop a consultation document, online consultation with patients, and academic expert consultation was carried out. The research prioritisation process was also appraised and reflected upon.

Results
Six people attended the workshop, ten responded online and eight academic experts commented on the consultation document. Five key priorities were identified for exploration in subsequent qualitative studies, including the diagnostic journey, the burden of symptoms, managing medications, addressing the needs of informal carers, and service provision. Limitations of patient involvement and reflections on procedural ethics, and the challenge of making measurable differences to patient outcomes were discussed.

Conclusions
Findings from this research prioritisation exercise will inform planned qualitative work to explore patients’ experiences of living with and beyond cancer with comorbid illness. Including patient partners in the research prioritisation process adds focus and relevance, and feeds into future work and recommendations to improve health and social care for this group of patients. Reflections on the consultation process contribute to a broadening of understanding the field of patient involvement.
Serine 319 phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient to induce a Cx37 conformation that leads to arrested cell cycling
Authors: Taylor Samantha-Su Z. , Jacobsen Nicole L. , Pontifex Tasha K. , Langlais Paul , Burt Janis M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Connexin 37 (Cx37; protein product of GJA4) expression profoundly suppresses proliferation of rat insulinoma (Rin) cells in a manner dependent on gap junction channel (GJCh) functionality and the presence and phosphorylation status of its C-terminus (CT). In Rin cells, growth is arrested upon induced Cx37 expression and serine 319 (S319) is frequently phosphorylated. Here, we show that preventing phosphorylation at this site (alanine substitution; S319A) relieved Cx37 of its growth-suppressive effect whereas mimicking phosphorylation at this site (aspartate substitution; S319D) enhanced the growth-suppressive properties of Cx37. Like wild-type Cx37 (Cx37-WT), Cx37-S319D GJChs and hemichannels (HChs) preferred the closed state, rarely opening fully, and gated slowly. In contrast, Cx37-S319A channels preferred open states, opened fully and gated rapidly. These data indicate that phosphorylation-dependent conformational differences in Cx37 protein and channel function underlie Cx37-induced growth arrest versus growth-permissive phenotypes. That the closed state of Cx37-WT and Cx37-S319D GJChs and HChs favors growth arrest suggests that rather than specific permeants mediating cell cycle arrest, the closed conformation instead supports interaction of Cx37 with growth regulatory proteins that result in growth arrest.
People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Ali Iftikhar , Hassan Zair 
Published: April 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2629
How to cite this:Hussain A, Ali I, Hassan Z. People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S3-S5. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2629
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Epidemiology of CoViD-19 Pandemic: Recovery and mortality ratio around the globe
Authors: Noor Aziz Ullah , Maqbool Farhana , Bhatti Zulfiqar Ahmed , Khan Asmat Ullah 
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) is the third type of coronavirus disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) that appears in human population from the past two decades. It is highly contagious and rapidly spread in the human population and compelled global public health institutions on high alert. Due to genetic similarity of this novel coronavirus 2019 with bat virus its emergence from bat to humans is possible. The virus survive in the droplets of coughing and sneezing and spread around the large areas through infected person resulting in its rapid spread among people. Clinical symptoms of CoViD-19 include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, loose stool, nausea and vomiting. The present review discuss the origin of CoViD-19, its rapid spread, mortality rate and recoveries ratio around the world. Since its origin from Wuhan, the CoViD-19 spread very rapidly all across the countries, on April 17, 2020 this disease has affected 210 countries of the globe. The data obtained showed over 2.4 million confirmed cases of CoViD-19. Higher mortality rate was found in Algeria and Belgium as 15% and 13.95%, respectively. Lower mortality rate was found in Qatar 0.17% and Singapore 0.2%. Recovery versus deceased ratio showed that recovery was 68, 59 and 35 times higher than the death in Singapore, Qatar and Thailand respectively. It is concluded that 2019-novel corona virus is a zoonotic pathogen similar to MERS and SARS. Therefore, a barrier should be maintained between and across the human, household and wild animals to avoid such pandemics.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2660
How to cite this:Noor AU, Maqbool F, Bhatti ZA, Khan AU. Epidemiology of CoViD-19 Pandemic: Recovery and mortality ratio around the globe. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S79-S84. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2660
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Virtuous Health Workers
Authors: Zaidi Shabih H 
Published: April 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2733
How to cite this:Zaidi SH. The Virtuous Health Workers. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S1-S2. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2733
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Predictive statistical model for the factors associated with prenatal depression among pregnant adolescents in Maha Sarakham province, Thailand
Authors: Jantasin Bhanwasa , Yoosook Witaya , Thaewpia Supawadee 
Published: April 2020

Background: The rate of adolescent pregnancy has steadily increased in Thailand over the years and depression is considered an important psychological problem in many pregnant adolescents. The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of pregnant adolescents with depressive symptoms and to identify a predictive statistical model for the factors related to prenatal depression among adolescents at antenatal care clinics in 10 community health centers in Maha Sarakham Province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 230 randomly selected participants who were pregnant adolescents who volunteered to participate in the research, those aged ≤19 years, and had an estimated gestational age of ≤18 weeks. Those with severe obstetrics complications or a psychiatric disorder were excluded. The subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Thai version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The mean age of participants was 17.0 (±1.4) years. Results: Overall, 43.9% of the adolescents had a cut off score of ≥11, suggestive of prenatal depressive symptoms. Multivariate analysis identified that pregnant adolescents at a primary school education level were 6.5 times more likely to experience depression symptoms than those with a diploma. Those who were emotionally supported by their husband or partner compared to relatives had a five times higher chance of presenting depressive symptoms, and those with a perceived bad relationship with their husband or partner had seven times higher. The model was well-calibrated (goodness-of-fit test, p = 0.675) and had high discriminative power (ROC curve = 0.73 (95%CI = 0.67 to 0.79). Conclusions: More attention is needed to reduce the known problems with pregnant adolescents and to ensure they continue with their education. Lastly, public education to support mental health initiatives for individuals and families should be encouraged.