bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults´ dental treatment in 2001-2013 in Finnish Public Dental Service
Authors: Linden Jari , Widström Eeva , Sinkkonen Janne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

All adults over 17 years of age have access to the Public Dental Service after the Finnish Dental Care Reform in 2001-2002. This study aimed to survey the treatment needs and treatment measures provided for adult patients and changes in these during the period 2001–2013.

Methods

Using each person’s unique identifier, demographic data on dental visits during the period 2001 - 2013 were collected from municipal databases in five PDS-units covering 320,000 inhabitants. The numbers of visitors, those in need of basic periodontal or caries treatment (CPI >2 and D + d > 0) were calculated for three age groups. Treatment provided was also calculated in 13 treatment categories. Trend analyses were performed to study changes during the study period.

Results

Restorative treatments (968,772; 23.6%), examinations (658,394; 16.1%), radiographs taken (529,875; 12.9%) anaesthesia used (521,169; 12.7%) and emergency treatments (348,229; 8.5%) made up 73.8% of all treatment measures during the entire study period. Periodontal treatment (7.8%) and caries prevention (3.9%) made up a small part of the care provided and prosthetics and treatment of TMJ disorders were extremely uncommon (fewer than 1%). Treatments related to caries (restorative treatment, examinations, endodontics, emergencies, anaesthesia and radiographs) made up 60.4% of the dental personnel’s treatment time. During the study period, statistically significant increasing trends were found for radiographs (p<0.001***), anaesthesia (p=0.003**) and total number of treatments (p=0.009**). There was a slight decreasing trend in treatment need among the youngest adults (18-39years; p=0.033*).

Conclusion

Compared with the results of national epidemiological studies, insufficient periodontal treatment is provided and prosthetic treatment is almost totally neglected in the PDS. Rather, adults’ dental treatment concentrates on treatment of caries. The unmet needs may be due to tradition, inadequate treatment processes or a lack of resources or failed salary incentives.
Comparison of two caries prevention programs among Thai kindergarten: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantuwadee , Detsomboonrat Palinee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Intensified preventive regimen based on a ‘high-risk’ approach has been proposed instead the routine prevention that is generally given to the whole population. The effectiveness of these regimens may still be an issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare two preventive programs carried out in a Public School for kindergarten children. Methods: The data from clinical examinations were used to assess the caries risk for 121 children. Children with at least 2 carious lesions were considered as high risk for dental caries development. These children were randomized into two groups. Half (High risk basic-HRB group) were provided the basic prevention regimen (oral-hygiene instruction and hands-on brushing practice for teachers and caregivers, daytime tooth brushing supervised by teachers at least once a week, newly erupted first permanent molar sealant, provision of toothbrush, fluoride-containing dentifrice, and a guidebook), which was also given to low-risk children (Low risk basic-LRB group). The other half (High risk intensive-HRI group) were additionally given an intensified preventive regimen (F-varnish application, primary molar sealant, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on carious lesions). Clinical examinations were performed semiannually to determine the dmfs caries increment of the three groups. Results: The 89 children completed the 24-month examination were 3- to 5-year-old with 19, 35, and 35 children in the LRB, HRB, and HRI group, respectively. The new caries development at 24 months of the HRB group (75%) was higher than that of the HRI group (65.7%) and the LRB group (21.1%). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant differences of caries increment between the HRB and HRI groups at the end of our study ( p =0.709). Conclusions: The negligible difference in caries increment between the HRI and HRB groups implies that intensified prevention produced minimal additional benefit. Offering all children only basic prevention could have obtained virtually the same preventive effect with substantially less effort and lower cost. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR), TCTR20180124001. Registered 24 January 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/TCTR20180124001.
Influenza A virus antagonizes type I and type II interferon responses via SOCS1-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1
Authors: Du Yinping , Yang Fan , Wang Qiuxia , Xu Nuo , Xie Yizhang , Chen Sujuan , Qin Tao , Peng Da-Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Although influenza A virus (IAV) employs diverse strategies to evade IFN responses by inhibiting the synthesis of IFN, how IAV regulates signaling downstream of IFN is incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we used Western blot-based protein analysis coupled with RT-qPCR, overexpression and RNA interference to investigate the regulation of JAK1 by IAV infection. RESULTS The results indicated that JAK1 was ubiquitinated and degraded, resulting in inhibition of type I and type II IFN responses, demonstrating that IAV antagonizes the IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inducing the degradation of JAK1. Furthermore. IAV infection upregulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein SOCS1, and SOCS1 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings suggest that IAV infection induced SOCS1 expression promotes JAK1 degradation, which in turn inhibits host innate immune responses.
The Influence of Income on Medical School Admissions in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pitre Tyler , Thomas Alexander , Evans Kyle , Jones Aaron , Mountjoy Margo , Costa Andrew P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND. The socioeconomic status of applicants to Canadian medical schools has been understudied in the past two decades. Institutional efforts have been made to address the lack of socioeconomic diversity across Canada during this time. We investigated the income characteristics of medical school applicants, as well as the relationship between applicant income and offer of admission, to characterize the current state of socioeconomic diversity in medical admissions.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 26,120 applicants at one Ontario medical school from 2013 to 2018. Characteristics of applicants who were offered admission were compared to the general population and applicants not offered admission. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between median total neighborhood income and successful admission.RESULTS. The median total neighborhood income for medical school applicants was $98,816, which was approximately $28,480 higher than the Canadian general population. Those not admitted to the medical school had a median total neighborhood income of $98,304 compared to $105,984 for those offered admission (p<0.001). This trend was seen in every province and territory in Canada. Median total neighborhood income was a predictor of an offer of admission; applicants in the >75th percentile income group had 54% increased odds of being offered admission when compared to applicants in the <25th percentile in our unadjusted model. Income was not significant in our adjusted models but showed that the income medians drastically shifted between pre-interview and post-interview periods, from $98,816 to $104,000 (p<0.001).CONCLUSION. Medical school applicants are from higher economic strata compared to the general population. Despite already representing a high economic stratum, a higher median total neighborhood income relative to other applicants was associated with an offer of admission.
Validation of Androgen Receptor loss as a risk factor for the development of brain metastases from ovarian cancers
Authors: Mittica Gloria , Goia Margherita , Gambino Angela , Scotto Giulia , Fonte Mattia , Senetta Rebecca , Aglietta Massimo , Borella Fulvio , Sapino Anna , Katsaros Dionyssios , Maggiorotto Furio , Ghisoni Eleonora , Giannone Gaia , Tuninetti Valentina , Genta Sofia , Eusebi Chiara , Momi Marina , Cassoni Paola , Valabrega Giorgio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) spreading from epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is an uncommon but increasing phenomenon. We previously reported in a small series of 11 patients a correlation between Androgen Receptor (AR) loss and localization to CNS. Aims of this study were: to confirm a predictive role of AR loss in an independent validation cohort; to evaluate if AR status impacts on EOC survival. Results We collected an additional 29 cases and 19 controls as validation cohort. In this independent cohort at univariate analysis, cases exhibited lower expression of AR, considered both as continuous (p<0.001) and as discrete variable (10% cut-off: p<0.003; Immunoreactive score: p<0.001). AR negative EOC showed an odds ratio (OR) = 8.33 for CNS dissemination compared with AR positive EOC. Kaplan-Meier curves of the combined dataset, combining data of new validation cohort with the previously published cohort, showed that AR<10% significantly correlates with worse outcomes (p=0.005 for Progression Free Survival (PFS) and p=0.002 for brain PFS (bPFS) respectively). Comparison of AR expression between primary tissue and paired brain metastases in the combined dataset did not show any statistically significant difference. Conclusions We confirmed AR loss as predictive role for CNS involvement from EOC in an independent cohort of cases and controls. Early assessment of AR status could improve clinical management and patients’ prognosis.
YouTubeTM as a source of information for Candida auris infection: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Jiangqing , Zhang Shengcen , Xiao Qirong , Cao Yingping , Li Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Candida auris is a novel Candida species, and has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant health care-associated fungal pathogen. YouTube TM (http://www.youtube.com) as the largest free video-sharing website is increasingly used to search health information. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos regarding Candida auris infection, and to identify whether it is a useful resource for people. Methods : The YouTube™ was used to search systematically for videos using the keywords: “ Candida auris infection” and “ Candida auris ”. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the videos. The videos were reviewed and scored by two independent reviewers and recorded the “title”, “length”, “views”, “comments”, “dislike”, “like”, “posted days” and “category of videos”. The videos were categorized as “poor”, “good” and “excellent” by the score. The DISCERN tool was used to assess the reliability of the YouTube TM videos. Results : Seventy-six videos were included in final analysis in our study. Most videos (59.2%, 55/76) had better quality. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in respect of the number of likes, dislikes, views, comments, percentage positivity, likebility, view rate and viewers' interaction. Length and posted days were significantly associated with the classification. The videos were categorized as “educational video”, “new report”, “personal experience and blog entertainment” and “interview”. Significant differences were found in the source of videos and the characteristics of the individuals appearing in a video between the groups. Conclusion : YouTube TM has striking potential to be an effective user-friendly learning interface for people to obtain information of Candida auris infection.
Features Based on Thin-section Computed Tomography Identify the Type of lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Hongwei , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xinhua , Xiao Lei , Ma Yonghong , Yue Xianwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate whether thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) features may efficiently guide the invasiveness basedclassification of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Totally, 316 lung adenocarcinoma patients (from 2011-2015) were divided into three groups: 56 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 98 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 162 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) according their pathological results. Their TSCT features, including nodule pattern, shape, pleural invasion, solid proportion, border, margin, vascular convergence, air bronchograms, vacuole sign, pleural indentation, diameter, solid diameter, and CT values of ground-glass nodules (GGN) were analyzed. Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and One-way ANOVA were adopted tocomparebetweengroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis wereperformedto assess its value for prediction and diagnosis. Results: Patients with IAC were significantly elder than those in AIS or MIA group,and more MIA patients had a smoking history than AIS and IAC. No recurrence happened in the AIS and MIA groups, while 4.3% recurrences were confirmed in the IAC group. As for TSCT variables, we found AIS group showed dominantly higher 91.07%PGGN pattern and 87.50% round/oval nodules than that in MIA and IAC group. In contrast, MIA group showed more cases with undefined border and vascular convergence than AIS and IAC group. Importantly, IAC group uniquely showed higher frequency of pleural invasion compared with MIA and AIS group. The majority of patients (82.1%) in IAC group showed ≥ 50% solid proportion. We found diameter and solid diameter of the lesions were notably larger in the IAC group compared with AIS and MIA groupin quantitative aspect. In addition, for MGGNs, the CT values of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and ground-glass opacity solid portion (GGO-solid) were both higher in the IAC group than AIS and MIA. Finally, we also observed that smooth margin took a dominant proportion in the AIS group while most cases in the IAC group had a lobulate margin. Patients in MIA and IAC group shared higher level of air bronchograms and vacuole signs than AIS group. Conclusions: The unique features in different groups identified by TSCT had diagnosis value for lung adenocarcinoma.
Long-term prognosis and a nomogram model for postoperative acute heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Guo Zhaodong , Sun Guoli , Song Feier , Lei Li , He Yibo , Liu Bowen , Chen Shiqun , Liu Yong , Chen Jiyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Undefined adequate hydration may increase the risk of postoperative acute heart failure (AHF) while reducing the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No relevant study exists regarding the association of postoperative AHF and long-term prognosis. This study is to evaluate the all-cause long-term mortality and establish a nomogram model for predicting postoperative AHF in this patient group.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, 1312 AMI patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) were included in the final analysis. Patients were assigned into a non-postoperative AHF-group (n=1235) or a postoperative AHF-group (n=77). The diagnosis of postoperative AHF was based on assessing symptom history, prior cardiovascular history, and potential cardiac and non-cardiac precipitants.

Results

The overall incidence of postoperative AHF was 77/1312 (5.9%). The incidence of all-cause long-term mortality was significantly higher in the postoperative AHF-group than in the non-postoperative AHF-group (50.6% vs. 17.0%, P<0.01). The median follow-up period was 7.0 years (interquartile range: 5.5 – 8.7). After adjusting for female, LVEF, eGFR, anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and PCI, postoperative AHF was the strongest predictor of all-cause long-term mortality (hazard ratio: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.83 – 5.30; P<0.01). A nomogram developed based on the four variables was with the AUC 0.83 on internal validation. Calibration curve showed that the predicted and actual probabilities of postoperative AHF were fitted well.

Conclusions

In patients with AMI undergoing CAG, postoperative AHF is the strongest predictor of all-cause long-term mortality. The nomogram showed an effective value of predicting postoperative AHF using preoperative predictions.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control on the Prognosis of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Wei-Lun , Huang Kuo-How , Huang Chao-Yuan , Pu Yeong-Shiau , Chang Hong-Chiang , Chow Po-Ming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is associated with series of process leading to oncogenesis. Evidence has shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) seems to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. However, evidence on the effect of glycemic control on the outcomes of bladder cancer is still limited. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of DM and glycemic control on the prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of a prospective database from January 2012 to December 2017. Patients with newly diagnosed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were included. They were classified into the DM and non-DM groups. Prognosis including recurrence rate, progression rate, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival was compared between the two groups. Subgroup analysis of the DM subgroup, in which patients were classified by HbA1C level, was conducted to investigate the effect of glycemic control. Results A total of 287 patients were included in our study, with 61 patients in the DM group and 226 patients in the non-DM group. No statistically significant difference was found in the prognosis between the DM and non-DM groups. Subgroup analysis revealed higher recurrence rate ( P = 0.037) and worse RFS (log-rank P = 0.019) in patients with HbA1C ≥ 7. Conclusions DM is not a risk factor for recurrence and progression in patients with NMIBC. However, poor glycemic control is associated with poor prognosis in patients with both DM and NMIBC. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm current results.
Streptozotocin induces alpha-2u globulin nephropathy in male rats during the end-stage of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Kengkoom Kanchana , Angkhasirisap Wannee , Kanjanapruthipong Tapanee , Tungtrakanpoung Rongdej , Tuentam Khwanchanok , Phansom Naphatson , Ampawong Sumate 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Alpha-2u globulin nephropathy mainly shows toxicological pathology only in male rats induced by certain chemicals and drugs, such as levamisole (antiparasitic and anticancer drugs). Streptozotocin (STZ) is also an anticancer-antibiotic agent that has been used for decades to induce a diabetic kidney disease model in rodents. The purpose of this study is to determine if STZ causes alpha-2u globulin nephropathy in male rats during an advanced stage of diabetic kidney disease. Methods To prove this hypothesis, the present study used a male diabetic Wistar rat model with 45 mg/kg of STZ injected intraperitoneally. Hyperglycaemic rats were divided into 2 groups: with and without end-stage kidney disease. Alpha-2u globulin nephropathy was examined by histopathological and electron microscope studies. Water absorption and filtration capacities (via aquaporin [AQP]-1, -2, -4 and -5) and mitochondrial function (through haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein [HDHD]-3 and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit [NDUFS]-1 proteins) were determined using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling techniques. Results More than 80% of end-stage diabetic kidney disease induced by STZ injection simultaneously exhibited alpha-2u globulin nephropathy with mitochondrial degeneration and filtration apparatus especially pedicels impairment. They also showed significantly upregulated AQP-1, -2, -4 and -5, HDHD-3 and NDUFS-1 compared with those of the rats without alpha-2u globulin nephropathy. Conclusions STZ-induced alpha-2u globulin nephropathy during end-stage diabetic kidney disease in association with deterioration of renal filtration, renal tubular damage with adaptation and mitochondrial apoptosis.
The positive feedback loop of RNASEH1-AS1/has-miR-218-5p/NET1 mediated by POU2F1 contributes to the development and progression of human lung squamous carcinoma
Authors: Jia Jing-hao , Wang Jing , Yu Jia-rui , Gao Peng , Liu Yan-kun , Li Yu-feng , Sun Guo-gui , Shi Gao-feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background In molecular level, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulates other RNA transcripts through competing for shared microRNAs (miRNA). miRNA negatively regulate gene expression at the levels of mRNAs stability and translation suppression. Methods We tested the mRNA level of miR-218-5p and RNASEH1-AS1 in clinical lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues by qRT-PCR. In the exploring of the role of miR-218-5p and RNASEH1-AS1 in the malignant phenotype of NCI-H520 cells, colony formation and MTT assay were used to test the cell viability and proliferation capability, trans-well invasion and wound healing assay were performed to examine the cell migration and invasion. ChIP assay was conducted to confirm the direct interact of POU2F1 and RNASEH1-AS1 promoter. Results In this investigation, we found that LncRNA RNASEH1-AS1 is up-regulated in human lung cancer, and serves as a miRNA sponge for hsa-miR-218-5p in human lung squamous carcinoma cells. lncRNA RNASEH1-AS1 facilitates growth and motility of lung squamous carcinoma cells, while miR-218-5p does the opposite. NET1 and POU2F1 are validated as direct and functional targets of miR-218-5p. The downregulation of miR-218-5p releases the suppression of NET1 and POU2F1. POU2F1 binds directly to the lncRNA-RNASEH1-AS1 promoter and acts as transcription factor to enhance the promoter activity of RNASEH1-AS1. Conclusion Above all, the positive feedback loop of RNASEH1-AS1/ hsa-miR-218-5p/ NET1/ POU2F1 can help us to understand the regulatory mechanism behind genesis and progression of human lung squamous carcinoma, possibly providing new biomarkers for its diagnosis and treatment.