bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dryness/wetness pattern over the Three‐River Headwater Region: Variation characteristic, causes, and drought risks
Authors: Li Sisi , Yao Zhijun , Wang Rui , Liu Zhaofei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dryness/wetness patterns are a significant reference for stakeholders in developing reasonable strategies in regard to water resource management, prediction, prevention of extreme events, and management of agricultural activities; however, no attempts have been made to systematically quantify the dryness/wetness patterns and drought conditions over the Three‐River Headwater Region (TRHR) of China, where the ecosystem is highly sensitive to climate change. The spatio‐temporal characteristics of dryness/wetness for TRHR, as well as the reference evapotranspiration (ETr), precipitation (Pre), and drought risk, were all investigated for the period of 1961–2015. Using the methods of FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith (FAO‐56), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the Manner–Kendall (M–K) test, Pettitt test, factor contribution rate, and correlation analysis, the variation in the patterns of dryness/wetness, ETr, and Pre, and the causes behind dryness/wetness were discussed. Results indicated that the TRHR underwent a wetting tendency, which was characterized by decreasing ETr and increasing Pre based on the SPEI‐12M during 1961–2015. Moreover, 1971–1980 was the driest period, while 2001–2015 was the wettest period. A significant difference between seasons was detected in the dryness/wetness patterns during all study periods, as well as in extreme droughts. The TRHR underwent an overall wetting trend with 85% of the stations' SPEI‐3M showing increased variation during spring, in contrast with the north–south distribution pattern of the dryness/wetness with variation in the SPEI during summer. Moreover, it can be seen that droughts with higher longest drought duration (LDD) and total drought duration (TDD) were mostly located on the edge of the eastern and northern TRHR. The influencing factors demonstrate the vital roles of Pre and ETr in generating variation in the dryness/wetness patterns of the southern and northern parts of the TRHR, respectively. There is evidence indicating that Niño3.4, North Atlantic oscillation, and Arctic oscillation played more important roles in the variation of dryness/wetness patterns and Pre in TRHR.
Piezosurgery versus conventional osteotomy in rhinoplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mirza Ahmad A. , Alandejani Talal A. , Al‐Sayed Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivePiezosurgery, used in different otolaryngology procedures, was a breakthrough in surgery. We systematically reviewed the differences in outcomes after lateral nasal osteotomy with peizosurgery and conventional osteotome and quantified the differences through a meta‐analysis.MethodsMedline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were selected to search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published before January 2019 that detailed differences between piezosurgery and conventional osteotomy. The key search terms included “rhinoplasty" and “piezosurgery.” Only RCTs in English with patients >18 years who underwent lateral osteotomy by percutaneous or internal approaches were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed in data extraction and study inclusion. Two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the studies. The point of estimate in the meta‐analysis was the standardized mean difference and was pooled with the random‐effects model. The measured outcomes were ecchymosis, edema, postoperative pain, and duration of surgery.ResultsFive RCTs met our criteria and were analyzed in primary subsequent meta‐analyses. Piezosurgery demonstrated significantly lower edema (SMD = ‐0.75; 95% CI, ‐1.26, ‐0.24) and ecchymosis scores (SMD = ‐0.85; 95% CI, ‐1.49, ‐0.20) on postoperative days (POD) 2 or 3 than conventional surgery. They were also significantly lower with piezosurgery than conventional surgery on POD 7 (SMD = ‐0.64; 95% CI, ‐1.21, ‐0.06; and SMD = ‐0.64; 95% CI, ‐1.14, ‐0.14, respectively). Two studies that estimated the degree of pain showed that after piezosurgery, patients experienced lesser pain than after conventional surgery. The mean difference was ‐0.73 (95% CI, ‐1.06, ‐0.39).ConclusionsPiezosurgery causes less ecchymosis, edema, and pain than conventional osteotomy, without extending the duration of surgery.Laryngoscope, 130:1158–1165, 2020
Impact of Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Lateral Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair
Authors: Yancey Kristen L. , Manzoor Nauman F. , Kelly Patrick D. , Yawn Robert J. , O’Malley Matthew , Rivas Alejandro , Haynes David S. , Bennett Marc L. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity in lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak repair (LSBR) of various etiologies.MethodsRetrospective case review at a tertiary skull base center was conducted of consecutive adults undergoing LSBR via transmastoid, middle cranial fossa, or combined approach between 2013–2018. The following data were collected: demographics, comorbidities, radiology and intraoperative findings, and surgical outcomes including complications and need for revision surgery or shunt placement. Patients with incomplete data or leaks following skull base surgery, trauma or chronic ear disease were excluded.ResultsNinety‐four patients (67.4% female, mean age 53.5 ± 12.9 years) underwent repair forspontaneous (sCSFL, 44%) and other etiology (nsCSFL) leaks. nsCSFL served as a comparisongroup consisting of leaks status‐post lateral skull base surgery, temporal bone fractures, andchronic ear disease. Class III obesity (P = .02), OSA (P = .03), and imaging findings of empty sella (OR = 3.32, P = .02), and skull base thinning including contralateral tegmen thinning (31%, OR = 4.3, P = .02), arachnoid granulations (26%, OR = 4.35, P = .02), and superior canal dehiscence (15.8%, OR = 8.57, P = .04) were more common in sCSFL. Four patients (4.2%) required surgical revision for recurrence, and another four (4.2%) resolved with shunting. Evidence of elevated intracranial hypertension was present in nine patients with sCSF leaks and was predictive of need for revision or shunt procedures (P < .01).ConclusionObesity, OSA, and imaging consistent with elevated intracranial pressures were more common among patients with sCSFL. Elevated intracranial pressure predicted outcomes following multilayer repair of spontaneous CSF leaksLevel of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2234–2240, 2020
Patterns of suspended and salp‐ingested microplastic debris in the North Pacific investigated with epifluorescence microscopy
Authors: Brandon Jennifer A. , Freibott Alexandra , Sala Linsey M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroplastics (< 5 mm) have long been a concern in marine debris research, but quantifying the smallest microplastics (< 333 μm) has been hampered by appropriate collection methods, like net tows. We modified standard epifluorescence microscopy methods to develop a new technique to enumerate < 333 μm microplastics (mini‐microplastics) from filtered surface seawater samples and salp stomach contents. This permitted us to distinguish mini‐microplastics from phytoplankton and suspended particles. We found seawater mini‐microplastic concentrations that were 5–7 orders of magnitude higher than published concentrations of > 333 μm microplastics. Mini‐microplastics were the most abundant in nearshore waters and more evenly distributed from the California Current through the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Every salp examined had ingested mini‐microplastics, regardless of species, life history stage, or oceanic region. Salps ingested significantly smaller plastic particles than were available in ambient surface seawater. The blastozooid stage of salps had higher ingestion rates than oozooids.
Microvascular Effects of Pulsed Dye Laser in Combination With Oxymetazoline
Authors: Kelly Alexis , Pai Alexander , Lertsakdadet Ben , Choi Bernard , Kelly Kristen M. 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectiveOxymetazoline, an α‐1A agonist, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea and induces vasoconstriction by interacting with α receptors. The objective of our study was to study the microvascular effects of oxymetazoline and pulsed dye laser (PDL).Materials and MethodsA dorsal window chamber was surgically installed on 20 mice. Each animal was assigned to one of four experimental groups: saline alone, oxymetazoline alone (10 μl applied once daily × 7 days), saline + PDL (saline applied 5 minutes before PDL irradiation [10 mm spot, 1.5 ms pulse duration, 7 J/cm2 delivered to epidermis]), or oxymetazoline + PDL (10 μl oxymetazoline applied 5 minutes before PDL and then once daily × 7 days). Brightfield and laser speckle imaging were performed for 7 days to monitor vascular architectural and functional changes.ResultsWe observed persistent blood flow in all of the saline‐only and oxymetazoline‐only experiments. A higher rate of vascular shutdown was observed with oxymetazoline + PDL (66.7%) compared with saline + PDL alone (16.7%). Oxymetazoline application increased venule diameter at 5 minutes post‐application and decreased both arteriole and venule diameters at 60 minutes post‐application.ConclusionThe combination protocol of oxymetazoline + PDL induces persistent vascular shutdown observed 7 days after irradiation. This result may be associated with the acute vascular effects of oxymetazoline. Oxymetazoline + PDL should be evaluated as a treatment for cutaneous vascular disease, including rosacea and port wine birthmarks. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of Impact of Humidity and Temperature on Excimer Laser Ablation of Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polymethylmethacrylate, and Porcine Corneal Tissue
Authors: Verma Shwetabh , Kehrer Tobias , Hesser Jürgen , Arba Mosquera Samuel 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo analyze the impact of humidity and temperature on excimer laser ablation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and porcine corneal tissue, and an ablation model to compensate for the temperature and humidity changes on ablation efficiency.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted using an AMARIS 1050RS (Schwind eye‐tech‐solutions) placed inside a climate chamber at ACTS. Ablations were performed on PET, PMMA, and porcine cornea. The impact of a wide range of temperature (~18°C to ~30°C) and relative humidity (~25% to ~80%) on laser ablation outcomes was tested using nine climate test settings. For porcine eyes, change in defocus was calculated from the difference of post‐ablation to pre‐ablation average keratometry readings. Laser scanning deflectometry was performed to measure refractive change achieved in PMMA. Multiple linear regression was performed using the least square method with predictive factors: temperature, relative humidity, time stamp. Influence of climate settings was modeled for pulse energy, pulse fluence, ablation efficiency on PMMA and porcine cornea tissue.ResultsTemperature changes did not affect laser pulse energy, pulse fluence (PET), and ablation efficiency (on PMMA or porcine corneal tissue) significantly. Changes in relative humidity were critical and significantly affected laser pulse energy, high fluence and low fluence. The opposite trend was observed between the ablation performance on PMMA and porcine cornea.ConclusionsThe proposed well‐fitting multi‐linear model can be utilized for compensation of temperature and humidity changes on ablation efficiency. Based on this model, a working window for optimum operation has been found (temperature 18°C to 28°C and relative humidity 25% to 65%) for a maximum deviation of ±2.5% in ablation efficiency in PMMA and porcine corneal tissue. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theta‐alpha Oscillations Characterize Emotional Subregion in the Human Ventral Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Rappel Pnina , Grosberg Shai , Arkadir David , Linetsky Eduard , Abu Snineh Muneer , Bick Atira S. , Tamir Idit , Valsky Dan , Marmor Odeya , Abo Foul Yasmin , Peled Or , Gilad Moran , Daudi Chen , Ben‐Naim Shiri , Bergman Hagai , Israel Zvi , Eitan Renana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic outcomes of STN‐DBS for movement and psychiatric disorders depend on electrode location within the STN. Electrophysiological and functional mapping of the STN has progressed considerably in the past years, identifying beta‐band oscillatory activity in the dorsal STN as a motor biomarker. It also has been suggested that STN theta‐alpha oscillations, involved in impulse control and action inhibition, have a ventral source. However, STN local field potential mapping of motor, associative, and limbic areas is often limited by poor spatial resolution.ObjectivesProviding a high‐resolution electrophysiological map of the motor, associative and limbic anatomical sub‐areas of the subthalamic nucleus.MethodsWe have analyzed high‐spatial‐resolution STN microelectrode electrophysiology recordings of PD patients (n = 303) that underwent DBS surgery. The patients’ STN intraoperative recordings of spiking activity (933 electrode trajectories) were combined with their imaging data (n = 83 patients, 151 trajectories).ResultsWe found a high theta‐alpha (7–10 Hz) oscillatory area, located near the STN ventromedial border in 29% of the PD patients. Theta‐alpha activity in this area has higher power and lower central frequency in comparison to theta‐alpha activity in more dorsal subthalamic areas. When projected on the DISTAL functional atlas, the theta‐alpha oscillatory area overlaps with the STN limbic subarea.ConclusionsWe suggest that theta‐alpha oscillations can serve as an electrophysiological marker for the ventral subthalamic nucleus limbic subarea. Therefore, theta‐alpha oscillations can guide optimal electrode placement in neuropsychiatric STN‐DBS procedures and provide a reliable biomarker input for future closed‐loop DBS device. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Identification of a novel compound heterozygous IDUA mutation underlies Mucopolysaccharidoses type I in a Chinese pedigree
Authors: Zhou Yong‐An , Li Ping , Zhang Yanping , Xiong Qiuhong , Li Chao , Zhao Zhonghua , Wang Yuxian , Xiao Han 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare autosomal storage disorder resulting from the defective alpha‐L‐iduronidase (encoded by IDUA) enzyme activity and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes. So far, more than 100 IDUA causative mutations have been identified leading to three MPS I phenotypic subtypes: Hurler syndrome (severe form), Hurler/Scheie syndrome (intermediate form), and Scheie syndrome (mild form).MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the underlying genetic mutations. To verify the identified variations, Sanger sequencing was performed for all available family members following PCR amplification. The impact on IDUA protein was analyzed by sequential analysis and homology modeling.ResultsA novel IDUA heterozygous single base insertion (c.1815dupT, p.V606Cfs51*) and a known missence mutation (c.T1037G, p.L346R) were detected in our patient diagnosed as congenital heart disease with heart valve abnormalities. The novel frameshift mutation results in a complete loss of 48 amino acids in the Ig‐like domain and causes the formation of a putative protein product which might affect the IDUA enzyme activity.ConclusionsA novel compound heterozygous IDUA mutation (c.1815dupT, p.V606Cfs51*) was found in a Chinese MPS I family. The identification of the mutation facilitated accurate genetic counseling and precise medical intervention for MPS I in China.
A planar eight‐way compact substrate integrated waveguide based radial power divider with broadband performance
Authors: Guha Mallick Souma , Gande Arun Kumar , Biswas Bijit , Chatterjee Sayan , Poddar D. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA compact broadband eight‐way substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based radial power divider at C‐band is presented in the article. Bandwidth enhancement is achieved by employing planar impedance transformer consisting of an annular slot and circular patch at the input and output feed positions. The equivalent circuit analysis helps in the optimization of the annular slot and circular patch on the substrate. The proposed compact power divider has fractional bandwidth of 53.5% for 15 dB input return loss. Broadband characteristics are achieved without using any bulky mechanical arrangement for feed matching. It has a size of 0.72 λg2 and the measured amplitude imbalance is within 0.5 dB at the center frequency of 6.6 GHz.
Quantum mechanical modeling and validation of photoconductive switches for RF and antenna applications
Authors: Zanella Fernando , Nobrega Kleber Z. , Dartora Cesar A. , Sodré Arismar Cerqueira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotoconductive switches have been recently exploited as a promising replacement to active RF switches in reconfigurable antennas, since they provide unique properties, such as the absence of bias circuits, fast switching time, thermal stability, and easy integration with optical backhauls and fronthauls. Although lumped element models already exist, an accurate mathematical approach based on the physical background behind the switch operation is still lacking. We bestow a mathematical model based on quantum mechanics to analyze the photoconductive switches behavior, aiming to enhance the performance of photonics‐based RF devices and optically controlled reconfigurable antennas. The theoretical analysis has been properly validated by comparisons with experimental results of the photoconductive switch characterization at microwaves frequency range.
Quasi‐lumped multimode stripline resonator and filter with good stopband performance
Authors: Belyaev Boris Afanasievich , Serzhantov Alexey Mikhailovich , Leksikov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Bal'va Yaroslav Fedorovich , Leksikov Andrey Aleksandrovich 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel multimode resonator is proposed, containing five resonant modes that are incorporated in the passband forming. The structure is based on a dielectric substrate suspended in a metallic case that allows solving the problem of electromagnetic compatibility. Due to features of the resonator's structure, several higher modes do not excite that significantly improves the performance of the filter's stopband. The resonator advantages are proved on the bandpass filter (3.1…10.6 GHz) with a small overall size (0.19λ0 × 0.11λ0 × 0.11λ0) and a good stopband performance (first spurious band locates at 29 GHz and suppression is 70 dB).
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) functional rating scale: PLS‐specific clinimetric scale
Authors: Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Chiuzan Codruta , Gilmore Madison , Zhang Yuan , Simmons Zachary , Paganoni Sabrina , Kisanuki Yasushi Y. , Zinman Lorne , Jawdat Omar , Sorenson Eric , Floeter Mary Kay , Pioro Erik P. , Fernandes Filho J. Americo M. , Heitzman Daragh , Fournier Christina Nicole , Oskarsson Bjorn , Heiman‐Patterson Terry , Maragakis Nicholas , Joyce Nanette , Hayat Ghazala , Nations Sharon , Scelsa Stephen , Walk David , Elman Lauren , Hupf Jonathan , McHale Brittany ,   the PLSFRS study group
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur research aim was to develop a novel clinimetric scale sensitive enough to detect disease progression in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS).MethodsA prototype of the PLS Functional Rating Scale (PLSFRS) was generated. Seventy‐seven participants with PLS were enrolled and evaluated at 21 sites that comprised the PLSFRS study group. Participants were assessed using the PLSFRS, Neuro‐Quality of Life (QoL), Schwab‐England Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and the Clinical Global Impression of Change scales. Participants completed telephone assessments at 12, 24, and 48 weeks after enrollment.ResultsThe PLSFRS demonstrated internal consistency as well as intrarater, interrater, telephone test‐retest reliability, and construct validity. Significant changes in disease progression were detected at 6 and 12 months; changes measured by the PLSFRS vs the ALSFRS‐R were significantly higher.DiscussionThe PLSFRS is a valid tool to assess the natural history of PLS in a shorter study period.
Reevaluating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Essentiality in Channel Catfish
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T , Rombenso Artur N , Jackson Christopher J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus reportedly require alpha-linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]) for normal growth. However, contradicting studies suggest that elevated dietary levels of this fatty acid might cause growth inhibition, and diets containing linoleic acid (18:2[n-6]) alone or in combination with 18:0 and 18:1(n-9) may support growth as well as fish oil (FO)-based diets containing increased levels of long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5[n-3]), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6[n-3]), and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6]). Further complicating the understanding of essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements in Channel Catfish are conflicting reports suggesting that feeding LC-PUFAs can either enhance or suppress growth. We evaluated growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile Channel Catfish that were fed seven diets containing n-3 and n-6 C18 PUFAs and/or LC-PUFAs in different combinations: a positive control containing menhaden FO, a negative control containing hydrogenated soybean oil, and experimental diets containing hydrogenated soybean oil amended with ethyl esters of 18:3(n-3); 18:3(n-3) and 18:2(n-6); 22:6(n-3); 22:6(n-3) and 20:4(n-6); or 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), and 20:4(n-6). After 18 weeks, we observed no differences in growth or conversion efficiency. However, fish that were fed diets supplemented with C18 PUFAs and LC-PUFAs numerically outperformed those fed the FO-based positive control feed. Tissue fatty acid profiles generally mirrored that of the diet provided, except that saturates were underrepresented in the tissues. Channel Catfish that received the EFA-free negative control feed or the diets supplemented with 18:3(n-3) and 18:2(n-6) or 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3) developed elevated ratios of 22:5(n-6) : 22:6(n-3), whereas an elevated ratio of 20:3(n-9) : 20:4(n-6) was observed among fish that were fed the 22:6(n-3) supplemented diet. Our findings suggest that C18 PUFA and LC-PUFA diets appear to equally satisfy the EFA requirements of this species; however, intact dietary LC-PUFAs should be carefully balanced to avoid antagonistic effects of surplus n-3 LC-PUFA on n-6 LC-PUFA biosynthesis.