bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Conditions Linked to Atherosclerosis Are Associated With Magnified Cortical Thinning in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Durazzo Timothy C , Nguyen Linh-Chi , Meyerhoff Dieter J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies report widespread cortical thinning in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), but did not consider potential effects of pro-atherogenic conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C seropositivity and hyperlipidemia on cortical thickness. The conditions are associated with regional cortical thinning in those without AUD. We predicted that individuals with concurrent AUD and pro-atherogenic conditions demonstrate the greatest regional cortical thinning in areas most vulnerable to decreased perfusion.MethodsTreatment-seeking individuals with AUD (n = 126) and healthy controls (CON; n = 49) completed a 1.5 T MRI study. Regional cortical thickness was quantitated via FreeSurfer. Individuals with AUD and pro-atherogenic conditions (Atherogenic+), AUD without pro-atherogenic conditions (Atherogenic−) and CON were compared on regional cortical thickness.ResultsIndividuals with AUD showed significant bilateral cortical thinning compared to CON, but Atherogenic+ demonstrated the most widespread and greatest magnitude of regional thinning, while Atherogenic− had reduced thickness primarily in anterior frontal and posterior parietal lobes. Atherogenic+ also showed a thinner cortex than Atherogenic− in lateral orbitofrontal and dorso/dorsolateral frontal cortex, mesial and lateral temporal and inferior parietal regions.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate significant bilateral cortical thinning in individuals with AUD relative to CON, but the distribution and magnitude were influenced by comorbid pro-atherogenic conditions. The magnitude of cortical thinning in Atherogenic+ strongly corresponded to cortical watershed areas susceptible to decreased perfusion, which may result in morphometric abnormalities. The findings indicate that pro-atherogenic conditions may contribute to cortical thinning in those seeking treatment for AUD.
Plant species richness and community assembly along gradients of elevation and soil nitrogen availability
Authors: Ohdo Taro , Takahashi Koichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnvironmental filters affect community assembly through the functional traits of species. However, the process of community assembly remains unclear because of the complex interactions among the many biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to examine the community assembly process of vascular plants along gradients of elevation (45‒2500 m a.s.l.) and soil nitrogen availability. This study examined the trait distribution patterns of four functional traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration) of vascular plants (trees, herbs and ferns) in central Japan, using null model testing. The number of species decreased and increased at high elevations for tree species and herb and fern species, respectively. The numbers of both tree species and herb and fern species were positively correlated with soil nitrogen availability. Community-weighted means (CWMs) of the four traits decreased with elevation. CWMs and ranges of the three leaf traits were positively correlated with soil nitrogen availability. The community-weighted variance of plant height was higher at higher elevations, indicating that niche differentiation of vertical stratum in habitats with a low canopy was important for community assembly. This study suggests that severe climatic conditions reduce the number of tree species and the canopy height at high elevations, leading to increases in the number of herb and fern species due to increased light intensity at the forest floor. The elevational change of leaf traits also indicates the change of adaptive leaf traits. It further suggests that lower nitrogen availability decreases the number of tree, herb and fern species by excluding those species with leaf traits unsuited to lower nitrogen availability. Therefore, community structure is most likely regulated by both elevation and soil nitrogen availability.
Endothelial Dysfunction in South African Youth Living With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Mahtab Sana , Zar Heather J , Ntusi Ntobeko A B , Joubert Susan , Asafu-Agyei Nana Akua A , Luff Norme J , Jele Nomawethu , Zuhlke Liesl , Myer Landon , Jao Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) confer cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults with HIV. Few studies have assessed endothelial dysfunction (ED), an early marker of subclinical CVD risk, in youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YLPHIV).

Methods
Using peripheral arterial tonometry, we compared ED in YLPHIV and age-matched youth without HIV. A reactive hyperemic index ≤1.35 was defined as ED. Eligible participants included those aged 9–14 years and on ART ≥6 months at enrollment.

Results
Overall, 431 YLPHIV and 93 youth without HIV with a median age of 14.1 versus 13.9 years, respectively, were included. YLPHIV had a lower BMI z score (BMIZ; −0.2 vs 0.4; P &lt; .01) but higher rates of hypercholesterolemia (10% vs 1%; P = .01) than youth without HIV. Among YLPHIV, mean log viral load (VL) was 4.83 copies/mL with 21.7% having a CD4 count &lt;500 cell/mm3; median duration on ART was 9.8 years with 38% initiating at &lt;2 years of age. YLPHIV had higher rates of ED than youth without HIV (50% vs 34%; P = .01); this relationship persisted after adjusting for age, sex, BMIZ, elevated BP, and hypercholesterolemia (RR, 1.43; P = .02). Among YLPHIV, CD4 count &gt;500 cell/mm3 (RR, 1.04; P = .76), VL (RR, 1.01; P = .78), and current ART class (protease inhibitor based vs nonnucleoside inhibitor based: relative risk, 0.90; P = .186) were not associated with ED after adjustment.

Conclusions
Even after adjusting for physiologic differences, YLPHIV appear to be at increased risk of ED compared with age-matched youth without HIV. These findings have important implications for the life course of YLPHIV who may be at increased risk of premature CVD and complications.
The Belt and Road Initiative, China’s Cross-Border Insolvency Law, and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency
Authors: Wee Meng Seng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
By examining the special features of cross-border insolvency affecting the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this article explains that it is crucial for China to ensure that its cross-border insolvency law is fit for the purposes of the BRI. The current law is unsatisfactory, as may be seen in Hanjin Shipping’s decision not to seek recognition of its Korean restructuring proceeding in China. China wants to cooperate more in cross-border insolvency, but it is concerned that recognizing foreign insolvency proceedings will prejudice China’s interests. This article explains that the logic and limits of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law’s Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency is enlightened self-interest, which leads to recognition being very limited and distinguished from relief and relief being based on domestic law. Thus, it argues that the adoption of the Model Law will not prejudice China’s interests.
The patterns of music subscription in English, Welsh and Irish cathedrals during the Georgian era
Authors: Fleming Simon D I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The quality of the music produced at Britain’s cathedrals during the 18th century has generally been accepted to have been poor, and there has been much written on the reluctance of deans and chapters to invest financially in the choirs. However, an analysis of the music purchased by such groups through subscription paints a very different picture, with some deans and chapters investing heavily in the acquisition of new music for their choir’s use. Ultimately, an analysis of the subscription lists attached to the collections of sacred music does not paint the full picture in regards to the state of sacred music at this time, but it nevertheless indicates that a more nuanced approach is necessary, with several cathedrals, particularly Durham, maintaining significant levels of investment for much of the 18th century.
Galician Noir: Diego Ameixeiras, from Parody to Social Critique
Authors: Rivero Grandoso Javier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It is generally agreed that Galician crime fiction began in 1984, when Carlos G. Reigosa’s Crime en Compostela was published. Since then, different authors have explored the genre with varying success. One of the best-known writers of Galician crime fiction is Diego Ameixeiras, who published eleven novels between 2004 (Baixo mínimos) and 2018 (A crueldade de abril). This paper will focus on Ameixeiras’s works, in particular Baixo mínimos and A noite enriba (2015). The distance between their dates of publication will allow us to highlight through their differences in structure and style the clear evolution in Ameixeiras’s narrative production from parody to social critique.
Characterization of Clostridioides difficile DSM 101085 with A−B−CDT+ Phenotype from a Late Recurrent Colonization
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Wittmann Johannes , Schober Isabel , Hofmann Julia Danielle , Lu Chia-Wen , Dannheim Antonia , Zimmermann Ortrud , Lochner Matthias , Groß Uwe , Overmann Jörg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During the last decades, hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile with frequent disease recurrence and increased mortality appeared. Clostridioides difficile DSM 101085 was isolated from a patient who suffered from several recurrent infections and colonizations, likely contributing to a fatal outcome. Analysis of the toxin repertoire revealed the presence of a complete binary toxin locus and an atypical pathogenicity locus consisting of only a tcdA pseudogene and a disrupted tcdC gene sequence. The pathogenicity locus shows upstream a transposon and has been subject to homologous recombination or lateral gene transfer events. Matching the results of the genome analysis, neither TcdA nor TcdB production but the expression of cdtA and cdtB was detected. This highlights a potential role of the binary toxin C. difficile toxin in this recurrent colonization and possibly further in a host-dependent virulence.
Compared with the C. difficile metabolic model strains DSM 28645 (630Δerm) and DSM 27147 (R20291), strain DSM 101085 showed a specific metabolic profile, featuring changes in the threonine degradation pathways and alterations in the central carbon metabolism. Moreover, products originating from Stickland pathways processing leucine, aromatic amino acids, and methionine were more abundant in strain DSM 101085, indicating a more efficient use of these substrates. The particular characteristics of strain C. difficile DSM 101085 may represent an adaptation to a low-protein diet in a patient with recurrent infections.
A peer navigation intervention to prevent HIV among mixed immigrant status Latinx GBMSM and transgender women in the United States: outcomes, perspectives and implications for PrEP uptake
Authors: Rhodes Scott D , Alonzo Jorge , Mann-Jackson Lilli , Song Eunyoung Y , Tanner Amanda E , Garcia Manuel , Smart Benjamin D , Baker Logan S , Eng Eugenia , Reboussin Beth A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Latinx population in the United States is disproportionately affected by HIV. Our community-based participatory research partnership developed, implemented and evaluated a Spanish-language peer navigation intervention designed to increase HIV testing and condom use among social networks of immigrant Spanish-speaking Latinx gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women (TW). We randomized 21 social networks of Latinx GBMSM and TW, ages 18–55 years, to the intervention, known as HOLA, or a waitlist control group. Social network participants (n = 166) completed structured assessments at baseline and 12-month follow-up (24 months after baseline). Follow-up retention was 95%. Individual in-depth interviews with a sample of participants documented their intervention-related experiences, needs, and priorities to inform future research. At follow-up, HOLA participants reported increased HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 8.3; 95% CI = 3.0–23.0; P &lt; 0.0001). All study participants reported increased condom use; there was no significant difference between HOLA and waitlist control participants. In-depth interviews identified critical intervention elements and impacts and community needs and priorities. The HOLA intervention is effective for increasing HIV testing among Latinx GBMSM and TW, an initial step within the HIV prevention and care continua, and may be adaptable to promote pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake.
Sexual Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter, National-Level Study
Authors: Roseira Joana , Magro Fernando , Fernandes Samuel , Simões Carolina , Portela Francisco , Vieira Ana Isabel , Patita Marta , Leal Carina , Lago Paula , Caldeira Paulo , Gago Tânia , Currais Pedro , Dias Cláudia Camila , Santiago Mafalda , Dias Sandra , Tavares de Sousa Helena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on sexual health is a leading concern among patients. Most studies focus on sexual dysfunction rather than patient-perceived sexual quality of life (SQoL). We aimed to assess SQoL in IBD patients compared with healthy controls.

Methods
This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of IBD patients (n = 575 with Crohn’s disease and n = 294 with ulcerative colitis), compared with healthy controls (n = 398), that used an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. This multimodal questionnaire included sociodemographic data and 4 validated instruments: Short IBD Questionnaire, Social Desirability Scale, Sexual QoL Questionnaire–Male/Female, Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results
Inflammatory bowel disease patients reported lower SQoL (men: 77.29 vs 83.83; P &lt; 0.001; women: 70.40 vs 81.63; P &lt; 0.001) compared with controls. Among IBD patients, SQoL was positively correlated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and negatively correlated with depression symptoms. Perianal disease was associated with lower HRQoL and higher incidence of depression, but only impacted SQoL in men. In linear regression analysis for men, SQoL was associated with age, marital status, and depression (β, –2.101; 95% confidence interval [CI], –2.505 to –1.696; P &lt; 0.001). In women, SQoL was associated with depression (β, –1.973; 95% CI, –2.313 to –1.632; P &lt; 0.001) only.

Conclusions
Patients with IBD had impaired SQoL compared with healthy controls. Age, widow status, and depression were independent predictors of SQoL in men with IBD, whereas in women depression was the only independent predictor. Emotional and self-esteem issues were the main concerns reported by IBD patients regarding sexual health.
Management Considerations for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Enterocolitis Based on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Wang Yinghong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has significantly improved the outcomes of various advanced malignancies that were deemed unruly prior to its invention. Immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis are among the most frequently encountered adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Given the increasing use of these therapies in the treatment of an ever-growing number of malignancies, providing appropriate treatment for such adverse effects has become crucial.

Methods
In this review, we summarize the current body of evidence concerning the management of immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis. Additionally, management of immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis is likened to that of inflammatory bowel disease, given the resemblance between both entities in pathogenesis and clinical features. Reviewing the literature raised several points regarding this devastating toxicity that still need further investigation by future efforts.

Results
Endoscopic and histologic evaluation is pivotal in the assessment of immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis and provides vital information regarding the severity of the disease to guide treatment. Corticosteroids are the main therapy for immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis, with infliximab and vedolizumab as second-line agents. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as a treatment option for immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis that is refractory to corticosteroids. Restarting immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after resolution of immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis carries a risk of recurrence that is mostly controllable with current immune-suppressive treatment.

Conclusions
Lastly, we propose a management algorithm for immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis. Prospective research, preferably as collaborative efforts from oncology and gastroenterology specialists, is needed to refine the management of immune-mediated diarrhea and enterocolitis.
Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and ‘Bird Guide’ Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Longino John T , Branstetter Michael G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rasopone Schmidt and Shattuck is a poorly known lineage of ants that live in Neotropical forests. Informed by phylogenetic results from thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA barcodes, we revise the genus, providing a new morphological diagnosis and a species-level treatment. Analysis of UCE data from many Rasopone samples and select outgroups revealed non-monophyly of the genus. Monophyly of Rasopone was restored by transferring several species to the unrelated genus Mayaponera Schmidt and Shattuck. Within Rasopone, species are morphologically very similar, and we provide a ‘bird guide’ approach to identification rather than the traditional dichotomous key. Species are arranged by size in a table, along with geographic range and standard images. Additional diagnostic information is then provided in individual species accounts. We recognize a total of 15 named species, of which the following are described as new species: R. costaricensis, R. cryptergates, R. cubitalis, R. guatemalensis, R. mesoamericana, R. pluviselva, R. politognatha, R. subcubitalis, and R. titanis. An additional 12 morphospecies are described but not formally named due to insufficient material. Rasopone panamensis (Forel, 1899) is removed from synonymy and elevated to species. The following species are removed from Rasopone and made new combinations in Mayaponera: M. arhuaca (Forel, 1901), M. becculata (Mackay and Mackay, 2010), M. cernua (Mackay and Mackay, 2010), M. conicula (Mackay and Mackay, 2010), M. longidentata (Mackay and Mackay, 2010), and M. pergandei (Forel, 1909).
Association of leptin genotype with growth performance, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in beef steers fed flaxseed or high-oleate sunflower seed diets with or without triticale dried distiller’s grains
Authors: He Maolong L , Stanford Kim , Dugan Michael E R , Marquess Leigh , McAllister Tim A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeptin genotypes can be identified as homozygous normal (CC), homozygous mutant (TT), and heterozygous (CT) based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the leptin gene, which has been associated with feed intake and fat deposition in cattle. The experiment was designed as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with three main factors: (1) genotype (CT or TT) and diets fed 2) with or without triticale dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDG), and 3) with either flaxseed (FS) or high-oleate sunflower seed (SS). Evaluations included growth performance, subcutaneous fat deposition, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid (FA) profile of various depots. Beef steers (n = 40, 459 ± 31 kg) of either CT or TT genotypes were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to one of the four diets: 75% steam-rolled barley + 10% barley silage with 10% FS or SS (non-DDG diets, NDG) and 46.5% barley + 10% barley silage + 30% DDG, with 8.5% FS or SS, all on a dry matter basis. Growth performance, ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area (REA), and plasma FA were measured prior to and during the finishing period. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for FA analysis and carcass and meat quality were measured. Compared with CT cattle, TT tended to have less (P = 0.06) C18:2-c9,t11 (rumenic acid) in plasma and subcutaneous fat and a greater proportion (P &lt; 0.05) of C18:0 in subcutaneous, perirenal, and LT fat. Cattle with TT genotype also tended (P &lt; 0.1) to have more total saturated and less unsaturated (USFA) and monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and had less (P = 0.04) linoleic acid in LT. Ultrasound fat thickness, REA, and average diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous fat at 12 wk were not affected (P &gt; 0.39) by genotype. Generally, carcass and meat quality were similar (P &gt; 0.1) among diets, although adding FS tended to increase (P = 0.06) total USFA of subcutaneous fat including omega-3 FA (P &lt; 0.001). For the high-fat diets evaluated, CT cattle would have more potential to produce beef with enhanced health benefits than would TT cattle.
A method to improve workers’ well-being toward human-centered connected factories
Authors: Papetti Alessandra , Gregori Fabio , Pandolfi Monica , Peruzzini Margherita , Germani Michele 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the most actual and consistent drivers for the industry is sustainability, which includes three main pillars: environment, economics, and society. While numerous methods for environmental and economic sustainability assessment have been proposed, social sustainability assessment is still lacking in structured methods and tools, although human has always played a key role. Moreover, technological development is pushing the industrial world toward a new paradigm, the “Industry 4.0,” which embeds topics such as data digitalization, cyber-physical systems, and machine learning. It entails significant changes in human resources management, without reducing their importance. Humans were part of the manufacturing system from the first industrial revolution, and no automation or digitalization can be possible without humans. The industry can no longer underestimate the reasonable application of human factors and ergonomics principles to the workplace. For this purpose, the paper provides a novel transdisciplinary engineering method to measure and promote social sustainability on production sites. It exploits Internet of Things technology to support the (re)design of manufacturing processes and plants toward human-centered connected factories. To improve the workers’ well-being has positive effects on their health, satisfaction, and performance. The method has been implemented in a real industrial case study within the footwear industry. The sole finishing process has been analyzed from different perspectives to solve ergonomics-related problems and implement effective improvement strategies.