bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-hospital Emergencies Versus Out-of-hospital Emergencies Admitted to ICU: Is the Outcome Different? An Observational Study
Authors: Cauchois Emi , Bourenne Jérémy , Saux Audrey Le , Bouzana Fouad , Tilmont Antoine , Allez Charlotte , Pauly Vanessa , Gainnier Marc , CARVELLI Julien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Rapid Response Systems (RRS) are now commonly implemented throughout hospital health systems to manage in-hospital emergencies (IHE). There is limited data on characteristics and outcomes of such patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). The goal was to determine whether the hospital mortality of ICU patients was different depending on their admission pathway: in-hospital via rapid response teams (RRT), or out-of-hospital emergencies (OHE) via prehospital emergency medical systems. Results: Out of 422 ICU admissions (Timone University Hospital ICU), 241 patients were retrospectively (2019-2020) included: 74 IHE versus 167 OHE. In-hospital mortality rates did not differ between both cohorts (n = 31(42%) vs. 63(39%) respectively, NS). IHE patients were older and had more comorbidities (immunosuppression and ongoing malignancy). OHE patients had more severe organ failures at presentation with more frequent mechanical ventilation support. Independent global hospital mortality risk factors were ongoing malignancy (OR = 10.4 [2.7-40], p < 0.001), SAPS II (OR = 1.05 [1.03-1.08], p < 0.0001) and SOFA scores (OR = 1.14 [1.01-1.3], p < 0.05), hemorrhagic stroke as admission diagnosis (OR = 8.4 [2.7-26], p < 0.001), and arterial lactate on arrival (OR = 1.11 [1.03-1.2], p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study provides a thorough and comprehensive analysis of characteristics and outcomes of ICU admissions following a mature rapid response activation system, compared to the “conventional” out-of-hospital admission pathway. Despite the more vulnerable background of IHE patients, hospital mortality does not differ, supporting the use of early RRS to identify deteriorating ward patients.
iTRAQ-based Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights Into Tobacco Callus Response to Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhenjie Zhao , Hu Liwei , Chen Qiansi , Dai Huaxin , Meng Xiangyu , Yin Qisheng , Liang Taibo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal of research interest for their potential application in plants. Some types of CNMs have exhibited the ability on regulating the growth of plants, which showed a promising future in agriculture. However, detailed mechanism of their application in plants is still not well characterized especially at the molecular level.Methods: The biomass variation of tobacco callus was investigated to exposure of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). During the incubation period, proteomic profiling in tobacco callus was investigated by using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling (iTRAQ) coupled with 2D-LC MS/MS. The function of differentially expressed proteins were achieved by using a gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis by InterproScan, and qRT-PCR was used to confirm the results of the proteomic data.Results: The results showed that the growth of tobacco callus was enhanced by CNPs, with the optimal concentration at 50 mg/L. The expression levels of 198 cellular proteins were significantly up- or down- regulated after CNPs treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in mitochondria and calcium-mediated signaling. Conclusions: We demonstrated CNPs have the ability to enhance the growth of tobacco callus. The proteomic profile changes of tobacco callus provided a deeper understanding of the highly complex regulatory mechanisms in tobacco callus exposed to CNPs.
Continuous Cropping Regulates Fungal Community Structures and Functional Groups in Rhizosphere Soil of Tibet Barley
Authors: Yao Youhua , Zhao Yuan , Yao Xiaohua , Bai Yixiong , An Likun , Li Xin , Wu Kunlun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Continuous cropping regulates the community structure of rhizosphere soil microbes; however, the effects of continuous cropping on the community structure and function of rhizosphere fungal communities of plants cultivated in high-altitude regions are not well understood. In this study, 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was applied to examine the rhizosphere fungal community structure during continuous cropping of Tibet barley (a principal cereal cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau). The results showed that the Chao1 and phylogenetic diversity (PD) indices declined as cropping years increased. Additionally, relative abundance of the genera Cystofilobasidium, Mucor, and Ustilago increased, whereas the abundance of Fusarium decreased during continuous cropping. Furthermore, identification of ecological groups using FUNGuild revealed that saprotrophs, pathogens, and symbiotrophs were the dominant groups in rhizosphere soil, and these three trophic modes all increased significantly with continuous cropping. During continuous cropping, the fungal plant-pathogens Parastagonospora and Ustilago also increased remarkably, as did the endophyte fungi Verticillium. Collectively, continuous cropping of Tibet barely increased the potential for plant-pathogenic and endophyte fungi in rhizosphere soil. Thus, the development of sustainable farming practices to reduce the abundance of harmful fungi is vital to Tibet barley growth and production during continuous cropping of plants cultivated in high-altitude regions.
A highly sensitive octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe for determination of abamectin B1 in apples
Authors: Guo Zhenlong , Su YiFei , Li Kexin , Tang MengYi , Li Qiang , Xu Shandong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of detecting residual level of abamectin B1 in apples is of great importance to public health. Herein, we synthesized a octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe 1,3,5-tris (5'-[(E)-(p-phenoxyazo) diazenyl)] benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) benzene (TPB) for preliminary detection of abamectin B1 in apples. The TPB molecule was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and fluorescent spectrum. A proper determination condition was optimized, with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.3 µg L-1 and 4.4 μg L-1, respectively. The mechanism of this probe to identify abamectin B1 was illustrated in terms of undergoing aromatic nucleophilic substitution, by comparing fluorescence changes, FT-IR and ESI-MS. Furthermore, a facile quantitative detection of the residual abamectin B1 in apples was achieved. Good reproducibility was shown based on relative standard deviation of 2.20%. Six carboxyl recognition sites, three azo groups and unique fluorescence signal towards abamectin B1 of this fluorescent probe decided ideal sensitivity, specificity and selectivity. The results show that the octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe may be promising for evaluating abamectin B1 in agricultural foods.
NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in choroid plexus contributes to hydrocephalus after hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Tan Qiang , Guo Peiwen , Jia Zhengcai , Liu Xin , Feng Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHydrocephalus is a severe complication of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension (ICH-IVH). The choroid plexus epithelium plays an important role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and constitutes blood-CSF barrier adjusting brain–immune system interface. NLRP3 inflammasome is a key component of the innate system which promotes neuroinflammation. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage has not been investigated.MethodsHydrocephalus after ICH-IVH rat model was accomplished by autologous blood infusion. Then, we investigated the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and CSF hypersecretion in choroid plexus.ResultsThe NLRP3 inflammasome activated and CSF hypersecretion in choroid plexus epithelium were found after ICH-IVH. NLRP3 inhibition with MCC950 decreased CSF secretion, ventricles dilation and attenuated neurofunction deficits after ICH-IVH. In addition, MCC950 decreased NKCC1 phosphorylation which was the major protein adjusting CSF secretion and improved blood-CSF barrier integrity after ICH-IVH.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that NLRP3 inflammasome mediated CSF hypersecretion by influencing NKCC1 phosphorylation in choroid plexus epithelium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage and provides a new therapeutic strategy.
Correlation of the Lipid Ratios With Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Guo Wen , Qin Pei , Li Xiaona , Lu Jing , Zhu Wenfang , Wu Juan , Xu Nainzhen , Zhang Qun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The work intends to investigate the correlation of the lipid ratios to the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.Methods: Randomly selected 3402 participants were differentiated into the NAFLD (n =2036) and the non-NAFLD group (n =1366) in accordance with the outcomes of the liver ultrasonography. The related anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, while the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver stiffness were appraised by transient elastography.Results: The triglycerides/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) and total cholesterol/HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratios exhibited a close connection with the severity of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, higher area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) value for TG/HDL-C than those of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and non-HDL-C, was observed. Accordingly, the AUROC and optimal cut-off point of TG/HDL-C for NAFLD were 0.771 (95%CI: 0.755-0.787), 1.08 (sensitivity: 72.2 %, specificity: 68.3%), respectively. TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C were independent risk factors for the presence of liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Notably, the fact of relatively high AUROC while low AUROC (0.610) values of TG/HDL-C for detecting the presence of liver fibrosis relative to other lipid indexes indicated that it could not function as a desirable indicator of the presence of liver fibrosis in NAFLD.Conclusions: TG/HDL-C can be an independent risk factor for the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis in NAFLD, furthermore, it possesses predictive significance to NAFLD but not to liver fibrosis.
Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Erkie Chernet Worku , Adugna Marlign , Chanie Essa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.
Physical Layer Security Transmission Scheme Based on Artificial Noise in Cooperative SWIPT NOMA System
Authors: Jin Yong , Hu Zhentao , Xie Dongdong , Wu Guodong , Zhou Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system which uses simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique is deeply dicussed in this paper. Generally, eavesdropper in the downlink of NOMA system may use successive interference cancellation technology (SIC) to obtain the secrecy information of receiver. To tackle this problem, we propose a physical layer security scheme to minimize the transmit power of the base station (BS) while the secrecy rates of receivers are guaranteed. Moreover, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method and successive convex approximation (SCA) technique are combined to solve above non-convex problem. Simulation results show that in comparison with other methods, our method can effectively reduce the transmit power of the BS.
Elite Squash Players Nutrition Knowledge and Influencing Factors
Authors: Turner Ollie , Mitchell Nigel , Ruddock Alan , Purvis Alison , Ranchordas Mayur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a reported mismatch between macronutrient consumption and contemporary macronutrient guidelines in elite standard squash players. Suboptimal dietary practices could be due to a lack of nutrition knowledge among players. Subsequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the sports nutrition knowledge of elite squash players through the RNSKQ and provide an indication of whether players require nutrition support to increase their nutrition knowledge.Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the nutrition knowledge of 77 elite squash players via the RNSKQ over the period of June 2020 to August 2020.Results: Players conveyed average nutrition knowledge with a mean RNSKQ score of 48.78 ± 10.06 (56.07 % ± 11.56 %). There were no significant differences in RNSKQ score between male and female players (p = .532). There was found to be a weak positive correlation between world ranking and RNSKQ score (r = .208) and age and RNSKQ score (r = .281). Players who had a relevant undergraduate degree (e.g. BSc Sport & Exercise Science) had significantly greater RNSKQ score than players with no qualifications (p = .022). Players who consulted a sports nutritionist to obtain their main source of nutrition information were shown to have significantly greater knowledge than those who acquired knowledge from a sports scientist (p = .01) or the internet / social media (p = .007).Conclusions: Players should consult with a sports nutritionist to increase their sport nutrition knowledge. Future research should quantify the effectiveness of a nutritional education intervention at increasing nutrition knowledge in players.
Light-induced Inversion of Na+ Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Salt Stress
Authors: Lee Imshik , Sun Yajun , Ye Xiaoxue , Cao Yipeng , Gao Deng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and salinity is a major negative constraint on rice production, while light has a major positive effect on plant growth and development. How plants integrate the external salinity and light signals remains poorly understood. Results: Here, we demonstrated that light exposure enhanced the cation (Na+, K+, H+, and Ca2+) efflux from the rice (Oryza sativa L.) root for both salt-free and NaCl-treated rice. Surprisingly, net flux of Na+, J(Na+), in NaCl-treated rice was inverted in the light-on state. This inverted light-inducible J(Na+) signal suggests crosstalk between salt stress and light signals, with salt stress interfering with Na+ transport via down regulation of the light receptors. PPI network of this crosstalk suggested that there were key players, phytochrome A and B, phototropin 1A and 1B, and 2 at the bridging group and AKT1 potassium channel, monovalent cation/H+ antiporter and Na+/K+ antiporter (SOS1) at the interface between bridging group and cation transport group. Conclusions: Crosstalk between light and salt stress caused the inverted light-inducible J(Na+) signals. Phytochrome A and B, phototropin 1A and 1B, and 2 at the light-responding group and AKT1 potassium channel, monovalent cation/H+ antiporter and Na+/K+ antiporter (SOS1) at salt-stress responding group play an important role in this unique inverted light-inducible J(Na+) switch, which offers a new paradigm to understand the crosstalk between salt-stress and light signals.
The effects of gestational diabetes mellitus with advanced maternal age on the metabolite profiles of serum and urine
Authors: He Xiaoling , Hu Xiaojing , Luo Bai-yu , Xia Yinyin , Zhang Ting , Saffery Richard , Seymour Jamie De , Zou Zhen , Xu Ge , Zhao Xue , Qi Hongbo , Han Ting-Li , Zhang Hua , Baker Philip N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy and without a history of diabetes mellitus. It can lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The incidence of GDM is closely related to maternal age, but there are only a few pregnancy-related metabolomic studies involving advanced maternal age (AMA) in China.Methods: 20 GDM and 20 normal pregnant participants(≥35 years old) were recruited from the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) study. Maternal plasma and urine metabolomes collected at the first and third trimester were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Of the metabolites identified using GC–MS, 165 metabolites and 192 metabolites were found in plasma and urine respectively. However, urine metabolomic profiles were unable to distinguish GDM from controls, while there were 14 and 39 significantly different metabolites in plasma of the two groups in first and third trimester. Especially, by combining seven metabolites including cysteine, malonic acid, stearic acid, alanine, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, 2-methyloctadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid using multivariant receiver operating characteristic(ROC) models, we were capable of discriminating GDM from healthy pregnancies with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.928 at early gestation.Conclusion: This study explores metabolomic profiles between GDM and normal pregnancies longitudinally. Several metabolites have the potential to be biomarkers to predict GDM with AMA. Besides, the discordant metabolome profiles between the two groups could be helpful to understand the etiology of elderly GDM.
Niclosamide Suppresses the Expansion of Follicular Helper T Cells and Alleviates Disease Severity in Two Murine Models of Lupus via STAT3
Authors: Jang Se Gwang , Lee Jaeseon , Hong Seung-Min , Song Young-Seok , Kim Min Jun , Kwok Seung-Ki , Cho Mi-La , Park Sung-Hwan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Autoantibody production against endogenous cellular components is pathogenic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Follicular helper T (TFH) cells aid in B cell differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasma cells (PCs). The IL-6 and IL-21 cytokine-mediated STAT3 signaling are crucial for the differentiation to TFH cells. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug used to treat parasitic infections but also exhibits a therapeutic effect on autoimmune diseases due to its potential immune regulatory effects. In this study, we examined whether Niclosamide treatment could relieve lupus-like autoimmunity by modulating the differentiation of TFH cells in two murine models of lupus.Methods. 10-week-old MRL/lpr mice were orally administered with 100 mg/kg of Niclosamide or with 0.5% methylcellulose (MC, vehicle) daily for 7 weeks. TLR7 agonist, resiquimod was topically applied to an ear of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice 3 times a week for 5 weeks. And they were orally administered with 100 mg/kg of Niclosamide or with 0.5% MC daily for 5 weeks. Every mouse was analyzed for lupus nephritis, proteinuria, autoantibodies, immune complex, immune cell subsets at the time of the euthanization.Results. Niclosamide treatment greatly improved proteinuria, anti-dsDNA antibody levels, immunoglobulin subclass titers, histology of lupus nephritis, and C3 deposition in MRL/lpr and R848-induced mice. In addition, Niclosamide inhibited the proportion of TFH cells and PCs in the spleens of these animals, and effectively suppressed differentiation of TFH-like cells and expression of associated genes in vitro.Conclusions. Niclosamide exerted therapeutic effects on murine lupus models by suppressing TFH cells and plasma cells through STAT3 inhibition.
Climate Change Scenario Analysis for Baro-Akobo River Basin, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: MULETA TERESSA NEGASSA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRelatively few studies have addressed water management and adaptation measures in the face of changing water balances due to climate change. Projection of the future climate variables is done using General Circulation Model (GCM). But GCM cannot capture finer scale forcing variables at regional and basin levels. Hence Regional Climate Model (RCM) downscaled data for A1B emission scenario is bias corrected at basin level using observed data. The current study has developed future climate trends using the bias corrected RCM output data for Baro-Akobo River Basin with the basic objective of producing informative data for sustainable water resource development and management in the basin. ResultThe projected future climate shows an increasing trend for both maximum and minimum temperatures; however, for the case of precipitation it doesn’t manifest a systematic increasing or decreasing trend in the next century. The projected mean annual temperature increases from the baseline period by an amount of 1oC and 3.5oC respectively, in 2040s and 2090s. Similarly, evapotranspiration has been found to increase to an extent of 25% over the basin. The precipitation experiences a mean annual decrease by 1.8% in 2040s and increases by 1.8% in 2090s over the basin for the A1B emission scenario. ConclusionIrrespective of whether there is a trend or not, it can be concluded from these results that considerable change in climate is expected to happen over the basin as per the A1B emission scenario. In addition to quantitative change, the results of this study have depicted a considerable climate change in terms of timing and frequency and hence calls for an attention on the possible future risks of sustainable water resources development and management in the basin.