bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing the healthcare workforce in South Africa for short-course rifampicin-resistant TB treatment: Inter-professional training and task-sharing considerations
Authors: Stamper Paul D , Mlandu Khaya , Lowensen Kelly , Geiger K , Nguyen Yen , Budhathoki Chakra , Ndjeka Norbert , Farley Jason E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Treatment for rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-TB) is complex, however, shorter treatment, with newer antimicrobials are improving treatment outcomes. The South African National Department of Health (NDoH) recently accelerated the rollout of 9-month, all oral, RR-TB short-course regimens. We sought to evaluate an inter-professional training program using pre-test and post-test performance of Professional Nurses (PNs), Advanced Practice Professional Nurses (APPNs) and Medical Officers (MOs) to inform: a) training needs across cadres; b) knowledge performance, by cadres; and c) training differences in knowledge by nurse type. Methods: A 4-day didactic and case-based clinical decision support course for RR-TB regimens in South Africa (SA) was developed, reviewed and nationally accredited. Between February 2017 and July 2018, 12 training events were held. Clinicians who may initiate RR-TB treatment, specifically MOs and PN/APPNs with matched pre-post tests and demographic surveys were analyzed. Descriptive statistics are provided. Pre-post test evaluations included 25 evidence-based clinically related questions about RR-TB diagnosis, treatment, and care. Results: Participants (N=842) participated in testing, and matched evaluations were received for 800 (95.0%) training participants. Demographic data was available for 793 (99.13%) participants, of whom 762 (96.1%) were MOs, or nurses, either PN or APPNs. Average correct response pre-test and post-test scores were 61.7% (range 7-24 correct responses) and 85.9% (range 12-25), respectively. Overall, 95.8% (730/762) of participants demonstrated improved knowledge. PNs improved on average 25% (6.22 points) whereas MOs improved 10% (2.89 points) with better mean test scores on both pre- and post-test (p<0.000). APPNs performed the same as the MOs on post-test scores (p=NS). Conclusions: The inter-professional training program in short-course RR-TB treatment improved knowledge for participants. MOs had significantly greater pre-test scores. Of the nurses, APPNs outperformed other PNs, and performed equally to MOs on post-test scores, suggesting this advanced cadre of nurses might be the most appropriate to initiate and monitor treatment in close collaboration with MOs. All cadres of nurse reported the need for additional clinical training and mentoring prior to managing such patients.
Studies on Molecular Interactions between Bovine β-Lactoglobulin and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Ghosh Kalyan Sundar 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were found to modulate the fibrillation of
Bovine Β-Lactoglobulin (BLG).

Objective:
To gain an insight regarding the mechanism of BLG aggregation modulation by AgNPs
at molecular level, studies on the interactions between BLG and AgNPs were carried out.

Methods:
Protein-ligand interactions were studied based on Trp fluorescence quenching (at four
different temperatures), synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism
spectroscopy (far-UV and near-UV).

Results:
Protein-nanoparticles association constant was in the range of 106 -1010 M-1 and the
quenching constant was determined as ~107 M-1. Ground state complexation between the protein
and nanoparticles was predicted. Change in polarity surrounding the Trp residue was not detected
by synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. AgNPs caused a global change
in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein as revealed from far-UV and near-UV CD
spectroscopy. Enthalpy driven complexation between the protein and nanoparticles indicates the
involvement of hydrogen bonding and/or van der Waals interactions.

Conclusion:
Modulation of BLG aggregation by AgNPs is due to strong binding of the
nanoparticles with BLG, which also causes structural perturbations of the protein.
Presentación
Authors: Oliver Costilla Lucio Fernando , Candia José Miguel 
Published: January 2020

<p>Durante el proceso de recepción, revisión y dictamen de los trabajos que se ofrecen en el número 43 de Estudios Latinoamericanos, procuramos volver al criterio que inspira nuestra revista desde su origen: ofrecerles a los lectores materiales que profundicen la discusión y aporten nuevos argumentos sobre temas de actualidad, en algunos casos casi coyunturales, y retomar debates nuevos y de vieja data pero siempre vigentes respecto de nuestros grandes y graves problemas estructurales e históricos, como podrá verse al revisar el índice del número que ahora presentamos.</p>
STUDI KUALITATIF PELAKSANAAN PEMANTAUAN PERTUMBUHAN ANAK BALITA DI POSYANDU DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Aditianti Aditianti , Luciasari Erna , Permanasari Yurista , Julianti Elisa Diana , Permana Meda 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Integrated health service (Posyandu) is one form of strategic health effort, which provides public health services. One of the posyandu function is as promotion media and growth monitoring of children under five. The purpose of this research was to know the implementation of child growth monitoring at posyandu level in Bandung district. This was an operational studies with qualitative design.Data were collected by depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation. The population of this research were all of the institution that responsible of nutrition surveillance. There were Regencies District Health Office, Primary Health Center (Puskesmas), and Posyandu, in Bandung District, West Java. This research is operational research with qualitatif design. Colected data used with indepth interview, focus group discusion and observasi. Indepth interview used to offices, health workers from two community health centers, and village officials. Group discussions were conducted on cadres and mothers of underfives children. This research show posyandu activities have been going well but have not implemented monitoring function of child growth. Plot weight were not doing well in KMS, interpretation of child growth were still unsuitable, and counseling had not done well. Repositioning of posyandu is needed as a means of growth monitoring children under five years and efforts to increase knowledge about routine growth monitoring for health workers and cadres.
Keyword: growth monitoring, integrated health service, under five years old

Abstrak
Pos pelayanan terpadu (Posyandu) merupakan salah satu bentuk upaya kesehatan yang strategis, yang menyediakan layanan kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu fungsi posyandu adalah sebagai media promosi dan pemantauan pertumbuhan anak umur bawah lima tahun (balita). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita di tingkat posyandu di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian operasional dengan desain kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan kepada petugas di dinas kesehatan kabupaten, tenaga kesehatan dari dua pukesmas terpilih, dan aparat desa. Diskusi kelompok dilakukan pada kader dan ibu balita, dan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan posyandu sudah berjalan baik namun belum melaksanakan fungsi pemantauan pertumbuhan balita. Masih banyak yang tidak melakukan plot hasil penimbangan pada KMS (kartu menuju sehat), interpretasi terhadap perubahan berat badan belum dilakukan dengan benar dan konseling yang belum berjalan baik. Perlu dilakukan reposisi posyandu sebagai sarana pemantauan pertumbuhan balita dan upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pemantauan pertumbuhan secara rutin bagi tenaga kesehatan dan kader. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(1):41-54]
Kata kunci: pemantauan pertumbuhan, pos pelayanan terpadu, bawah lima tahun (balita)
Distribusi Vektor Malaria Anopheles (Diptera: Cullicidae) di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Indonesia
Authors: Muftiah Andi Tilka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Anopheles is an eminent mosquito vector responsible for Plasmodium infection in human. By far, 430 anophelines have been identified but only 30-40 species have the potential to transmit malaria. A survey was carried to describe the distribution of anophelines species in seven community health centre (CHC) working areas including Caile, Ujung Loe, Bonto Bahari, Bonto Tiro, Batang, Bonto Bangun and Tanete in Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi. Human Landing Collection, Net Trap, and Light Trap was applied to collect adult anophelines mosquitoes. The Anopheles malaria vectors were observed in all areas. Various anophelines malaria vectors exist in Bulukumba District, including An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. hyrcanus, An. vagus, An. indefinitus, An. parangensis and An. kochi. Of which, Anopheles subpictus was the most abundant species and the majority of Anopheles mosquitoes were found in Ujung Loe area. Our study indicates that community-based programs and routine entomological surveillance, especially in high-risk areas, should be implemented to effectively control malaria transmission in Bulukumba District.
Abstrak
Malaria pada manusia ditularkan oleh nyamuk betina Anopheles yang berperan sebagai vektor yang membawa parasit Plasmodium. Terdapat sekitar 430 spesies Anopheles, 30-40 diantaranya berpotensi untuk menularkan malaria ke manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan distribusi vektor Anopheles di Kabupaten Bulukumba melalui survei entomologi (observasional) dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk Anopheles di tujuh wilayah kerja puskesmas, yakni Puskesmas Caile, Ujung Loe, Bonto Bahari, Bonto Tiro, Batang, Bonto Bangun dan Tanete. Penangkapan vektor Anopheles dilakukan dengan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC), Net Trap, dan Light Trap. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan distribusi vektor Anopheles yang tersebar di tujuh wilayah kerja puskesmas yakni An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. hyrcanus, An. vagus, An. indefinitus, An. parangensis dan An. kochi. Anopheles subpictus merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan, sedangkan wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ujung Loe merupakan lokasi yang paling banyak ditemukan vektor Anopheles. Variasi vektor Anopheles yang tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten Bulukumba hendaknya mendorong para pengambil kebijakan di tingkat dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas untuk menyusun program pengendalian malaria yang optimal dan sesuai, baik dari segi pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pelaksanaan survei entomologi secara berkala khususnya pada wilayah yang berisiko.
SELF-ESTEEM COHESION AND RESILIENCE ABILITY OF A MARGINAL CHILD IN 'PÃœNKTCHEN UND ANTON' ROMAN (KOHESI SELF-ESTEEM DAN KEMAMPUAN RESILIENSI ANAK MARGINAL DALAM ROMAN 'PÃœNKTCHEN UND ANTON')
Authors: Liyanti Lisda , Nabila Saskia 
Published: January 2020

Germany nowadays is known as one of the most robust economies in Europe. Yet, at the beginning of 20th Century Germany, poverty became a severe problem that caused a social and cultural impact on the children. Positive self-esteem and resiliency in children were needed to cope with the situation. The roman titled PÃ¼nktchen und Anton, written in 1931 by Erich KÃ¤stner, describes the childrenâ€™s life in Berlin dealt with the poverty problem.Â This research aims to see how self-esteem and resiliency in children described as a life tool for the first figure (Anton) who classified as an adversity child in the novel. This question is answered by using descriptive qualitative method and self-esteem theory by Nathaniel Branden.Â The result shows there is advocacy in describing a marginalized Anton to become a hero thank to his positive self-esteem (self-efficacy and self-respect). His positive self-esteem builts him to be resilient.
Demystifying the Image of Eunuchs: A Study of Indrani Majumdar’s “The Paradox of Vantage Point”
Authors: Dabas Shikha 
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to demystify the image of ‘Eunuchs’ in our society where they always have been defined in a derogatory manner. The novel The Paradox of Vantage Point concerns the life of three friends-Anwesha, Vikram and a Eunuch Raghubir who later plays an imperative role in their lives. The titular “paradox” eventuates when Anwesha “has to, under unavoidable circumstances, share her room with a Eunuch” who later becomes her best friend. The Eunuch’s character who was the “Knight in the shining armour” for Anwesha also becomes the object of mortification for her in public. The novel shows Anwesha’s “vantage point” from where she commiserates with Raghubir on one hand but also feels hesitant when it comes to accepting him outside the walls of her house. The character of Raghubir in the novel basically deconstructs the crippled mindset that excludes eunuchs from the mainstream society, considering them as despicable creatures. The paper also deals with the idea of how a Eunuch, even if liberates himself from the societal boundaries, educates himself and even manages to live a “cultured” life different from his community still struggles to attain the desired respect in society. It basically shows the constant intimidation of society towards a Eunuch who, leaving all his anticipatory roles, tries to fit in the “civilized” life.
New class of boundary value problem for nonlinear fractional differential equations involving Erdélyi-Kober derivative
Authors: Arioua Yacine , Titraoui Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class of boundary value problem for nonlinear fractional differential equations involving the Erdélyi-Kober differential operator on an infinite interval. Existence and uniqueness results for a positive solution of the given problem are obtained by using the Banach contraction principle, the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative, and Guo-Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem in a special Banach space. To that end, some examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of our main results.
Student Mental Wellbeing Interventions with a Second-Year Engineering Cohort
Authors: D’Entremont Agnes G. , Micallef Jocelyn , Smith Gabriel , Abello Juan , Jung Diana 
Published: January 2020

Concern about student mental wellbeing in university students is high, and first-and second-year students in particular have shown higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Evidence indicates that there is a value in context specific mental health literacy interventions embedded into regular academic classes, and that coping strategies help students to not only deal with stress but also to improve cognitive motivation and academic achievement. Within our second-year mechanical engineering academic program, we implemented an embedded series of interventions with the goal of helping students develop and use coping strategies in the face of stress. We found that students could describe their own stress response and coping strategies, and over 80% expected content on stress response and coping strategies would be useful in their own lives. About half of students viewed the interventions as beneficial to them. A third of students expected the activities would positively impact their academics, while another third felt they would have no impact. Test anxiety increased over the year, which we felt was a reasonable result given the rigour of the program. Since we did not have a control group, we could not determine whether our intervention led to lower levels of test anxiety than would have otherwise occurred. Our results suggest that academic buoyancy (day-to-day resilience in an academic program) is a critical skill - low academic buoyancy was a significant predictor of increased test anxiety, while low self-efficacy was not. This finding, along with students responses indicating the usefulness of the interventions, support our approach of introducing coping skills into an academic engineering program.
Blended Learning in First Year Engineering Labs
Authors: Topper Anne , Clapham Lynann 
Published: January 2020

In 2000, Queen’s Engineering adopted a new model for laboratory instruction to its common first year program. This involved moving from the traditional weekly physics and chemistry labs to a 12 week course on "Experimentation" - in which students learned how to design their own simple physics and chemistry experiments. Offered in a 12 week term, this course, called APSC100 Module 2, began with two shorter "tutorial labs" to introduce the key elements of experimental design then moved through a 6-week lab rotation where students practiced doing well-designed experiments, and finally culminated in a two week "Experimental Design Project".
The authors dedicated the summer of 2017 to restructuring this course. Much of the core content was retained, however significant changes were made to pace, method of content delivery, and deliverables. Changes include:
 An improvement in student preparation for the lab, through the introduction of on-line pre-lab content and quizzes, to be completed by students the night before their lab.
 The elimination of post-lab homework.
 A slower pace of introduction of early content – the original "2 tutorial lab" format was expanded to 4 tutorial labs
 The introduction of "electronic lab templates". Templates include the lab instructions as well as blank boxes in which to include diagrams, Excel tables and figures, regression analysis, explanatory text and answers to questions.
 A new Arduino-based altimeter lab introduces students to large variable data sets.
This paper will review the changes to the course, and report on the outcome of these changes following two years of offering the course in the new format.
DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FACULTY AND STUDENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TO MEET THE GLOBAL STANDARDS
Authors: E.S.M Dr. Suresh , B R Beena 
Published: January 2020

In 21st century, the major challenge in engineering education in India is to meet the demands of technical profession and emerging job market. Now a days the education pattern, nature of jobs and services are fast changing across the world. Skill is becoming a commodity that can be bought from low-cost providers anywhere across the globe. Also in the digital world, knowledge is no longer confined to experts only, rather computer and internet connectivity has empowered every citizen to look for anything and everything. In this context, the engineering education of any country is very critical/crucial for determining its global positioning as well as ensuring the prosperity of their citizens. So engineering education system should be modified to enable our students to develop the skills like creativity and innovation, communication, critical thinking, interpersonal skills, collaboration and teamwork. Communication and collaboration are identified as an essential competencies by almost all of the organizations who are seeking competent employees. All the professional/accreditation bodies like Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), Washington Accord or National Board of Accreditation (NBA), India have already elaborately stated about the students learning outcomes, program educational outcomes, list of competencies, professional/ ethical responsibilities of engineers/ engineering educators/ academic institutions.
The aim of this study is to define parameters for measuring competence required for engineering faculty and students in meeting the global standards. The study also focused to discuss current scenario of Indian engineering education system giving special attention to Kerala. Also, the study aspired to develop a competence measuring model.
The Determinants of Entrepreneurship Development in Spatial Systems
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew 
Published: January 2020

The processes of technological progress create new opportunities for economic, social and cultural growth, shape new relations between economic entities and their environment, and influence changes in the determinants of entrepreneurship development. These processes vary significantly in certain geographic locations, characterised by an enormous diversity of natural, social, economic and cultural structures. As a consequence, this creates different opportunities and different conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in certain spatial scales, from the continental scale, through national and regional to local scales. The article presents complex conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, highlights its limitations resulting from institutional barriers, and the importance of knowing the mechanisms of mutual relations between spatial systems and the influence of control instruments. The quality of central and local government authorities is of particular significance here, which do not always properly use the mechanisms of rational business support. A serious barrier to the development of entrepreneurship is the low quality of social capital, manifested in a lack of trust in institutional authorities and reluctance to engage in entrepreneurship and business development. The conclusions point out that further research should be developed that will take into account changing business conditions, with a defined strategic goal of raising the quality and standard of living, international competitiveness of the country and products in different market categories.
Baza rekreacyjno-sportowa i jej funkcjonowanie w mieście przemysłowym (na przykładzie Gliwic)
Authors: Kurek-Obrocka Agata 
Published: January 2020

Kwestie związane ze zdrowiem człowieka są obecnie coraz częściej łączone z głównymi czynnikami wpływającymi na jakość kapitału ludzkiego. W teorii płaszczyzn charakteryzujących kapitał zdrowie wymieniane jest jako jeden z pięciu najważniejszych czynników składających się na tę jakość, obok edukacji, nauki czy wysokich technologii. Jest to jednak czynnik o specyficznym charakterze, gdyż stan zdrowotny danej jednostki zależy w największym stopniu od preferowanego stylu życia, w kształtowaniu którego z kolei niezmiernie ważną rolę odgrywa aktywność fizyczna człowieka. W tym kontekście trzeba oceniać zarówno indywidualne, jak i społeczne działania mające na celu upowszechnianie takiego sposobu życia, który wspomaga biologiczną aktywność organizmu i wzmacnia podstawowe czynności życiowe człowieka. Problemem z tym związanym jest wdrażanie zdrowego stylu życia, opartego na aktywności fizycznej, już od wczesnego dzieciństwa – zwłaszcza wśród młodzieży szkolnej. Z badań Nowaka (2010) wynika, że zachowania prozdrowotne polskiej kadry menadżerskiej są u ponad połowy ankietowanych związane z ich aktywnością fizyczną w okresie szkolnym. Sprawy dotyczące tej aktywności są przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania. Starano się w nim pokazać zarówno aktywność obserwowaną wśród młodzieży gliwickich szkół średnich, jak i jej wielorakie uwarunkowania. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na kilka pytań, w tym w szczególności:- jak ocenić współczesny stan bazy rekreacyjno-sportowej na tle wcześniejszych okresów historii miasta, tak w odniesieniu do liczby, jak i do struktury rodzajowej urządzeń służących rekreacji, uprawianiu sportów i wypoczynkowi,- jaka jest dostępność tych urządzeń dla mieszkańców Gliwic, rozważana ze względu na ich położenie w przestrzeni miasta, a także jakie są możliwości ekonomiczne korzystania z określonej usługi,- jak kształtuje się aktywność fizyczna młodzieży szkół średnich Gliwic i z jakimi czynnikami osobistymi, ekonomicznymi, a także wynikającymi z dostępności do bazy rekreacyjno-sportowej, można ją łączyć/skorelować.Praca napisana została na podstawie własnych badań (wywiadów z osobami zajmującymi się sportem i rekreacją w czasach PRL-u, badań ankietowych uczniów szkół średnich w Gliwicach oraz materiałów pochodzących ze stron internetowych Urzędu Miasta w Gliwicach), w trakcie których zebrano materiały dotyczące stanu bazy sportowo-rekreacyjnej na terenie Gliwic w okresie powojennym i obecnie oraz określono aktywność fizyczną młodzieży uczącej się w tym mieście.