bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice
Authors: Carlos Filipe Selau , de Oliveira Denardin Luiz Gustavo , Martins Amanda Posselt , Anghinoni Ibanor , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo Cesar , Rossi Iuri , Buchain Marina Patel , Cereza Tiago , de Campos Carmona Felipe , de Oliveira Camargo Flávio Anastácio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS) associated with crop rotation and soil conservation management cause numerous changes in nutrient fluxes and soil biochemical dynamics. In this sense, there is a gap in the impact of integrated production systems on nutrient dynamics and soil microbial activity in lowlands. In this context, this work had the objective of evaluating the nutrient availability and the activity of extracellular enzymes in a Gleyic Luvic Planosol under ICLS. The experiment has five paddy‐farming systems with a range of crop diversity (both in time and space) and grazing occurring mainly in the winter season. Soil solution samples were taken in cropping seasons (2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017), from the first day after flooding (DAF) to approximately 70 DAF. The integration of rice with livestock increased urease activity (+84%), β‐glucosidase (+49%), and fluorescein diacetate (+105%), especially as the level of diversification and use intensification of pastures. In general, there was an increase in the availability of ammonium (+70%), phosphorus (+177%), potassium (+62%), and calcium (+20%) in the soil solution with the adoption of ICLS and soil conservation management, compared with the traditional rice system. Thus, the adoption of ICLS contributes to increase the process of biochemical functioning of the soil with consequent intensification of nutrient cycling and availability. Thus, the ICLS can sustainably increase nutrient availability in the soil and reduce the need to feed large amounts of fertilizer into irrigated rice production systems.
Coarse‐Grained Simulations of the Impact of Chain Length and Stiffness on the Formation and Aggregation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Gallops Caleb E. , Ziebarth Jesse D. , Wang Yongmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complexes formed from nucleic acids and synthetic polycations are studied because of their potential in gene delivery. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to examine the impact of chain length and polyanion stiffness on polyplex formation and aggregation. Polyplexes containing single polyanion chain fall into three structural regimes depending on polyanion stiffness: flexible polyanions form collapsed complexes, semiflexible polyanions form various morphologies including toroids and hairpins, and stiff polyanions form rod‐like structures. Polyplex size generally decreases as polycation length increases. Polyelectrolyte complexes aggregate in some simulations containing multiple polyanions and an excess of short polycations. Aggregation is observed to only occur for semiflexible and stiff polyanions and is promoted by shorter polycation lengths. Simulations of short, stiff polyanions condensed by long polycations are used as a model for siRNA gene delivery complexes. These simulations show multiple polyanions are spaced out along the polycation with polyanion–polyanion interactions, usually limited to overlapping chain ends. These structures differ from aggregates of longer polyanions in which the polyanions are packed together in parallel, forming bundles.
CompoundDB4j: Integrated Drug Resource of Heterogeneous Chemical Databases
Authors: Murali Vidhya , Königs Cassandra , Deekshitula Sarvani , Nukala Saranya , Santhi Maddala Divya , Athri Prashanth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComputational approaches to analyze various drug/ compound centered analysis often present a need to map attributes from multiple drug databases. In this study, we provide a Neo4j repository that integrates two of the most prominent open source drug databases, DrugBank and ChEMBL, with a goal of establishing an integrated data visualization and analysis tool for drug discovery studies. The drugs present in DrugBank are mapped to their counterparts in ChEMBL. The integration of these resources and the harmonization using knowledge graph serialization using Neo4j lead to identification of relationships between drugs and other related features that are otherwise spread across two different resources. A common data format, a prerequisite to populate the Neo4j database, enables users to identify new relationships central to drug discovery research, like Drug Target Interactions (DTI). The resource is freely available at: https://github.com/ambf0632/CompoundDB4j
Blow‐up in a parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system with density‐dependent sublinear sensitivity and logistic source
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Yokota Tomomi 
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system with density‐dependent sublinear sensitivity and logistic source,

where
is a ball with some R>0 and χ>0, 0<α<1,
, μ>0, and κ>1. In the case α=1, Winkler (Z. Angew. Math. Phys.; 2018; 69: 40) discovered the condition for κ such that solutions blow up in finite time. The purpose of the present paper is to find conditions for α and κ such that there exist solutions that blow up in finite time in the case of weak‐chemotactic sensitivity, that is, in the case 0<α<1.
White coat hypertension in well‐controlled hypertensives during dental surgery‐ A case series
Authors: Seto Mika , Kita Ryosuke , Ishida Shintaro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have cases to experience white coat hypertension before the dental surgery. When the systolic blood pressure exceeds 200 mmHg, the dental treatment must be stopped. For smooth dental surgery, it is important to take measures against "extreme" white coat hypertension in the dental office. We retrospectively extracted the data from six patients with systolic blood pressures ≥200 mmHg immediately before dental surgery and examined. Oral surgeons must pay attention to the possibility of white coat hypertension if the blood pressure of well‐controlled hypertensive patients at the first visit is higher than the home blood pressure.
Self‐perception of overweight and obesity: A review of mental and physical health outcomes
Authors: Robinson Eric , Haynes Ashleigh , Sutin Angelina , Daly Michael 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe obesity crisis is one of the largest public health challenges of the 21st century. Population‐level adiposity has increased dramatically in recent times, and people not recognizing that they have overweight or obesity is now common. It has been widely assumed that not recognizing oneself as having overweight is detrimental to weight management and long‐term health. Here, diverse research is reviewed that converges on the counterintuitive conclusion that not recognizing oneself as having overweight is actually associated with more favourable physical and mental health outcomes than recognizing oneself as having overweight. Drawing on existing models in social psychology and weight stigma research, an explanatory model of the health effects of self‐perception of overweight is outlined. This model proposes that self‐perception of overweight triggers social rejection concerns and the internalization of weight stigma, which in turn induce psychological distress and negatively impact health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours. How self‐perception of overweight may in part explain progression from overweight to obesity, and the public health implications of self‐perception of overweight and obesity are also discussed.
Advances in the molecular classification of pediatric brain tumors: a guide to the galaxy
Authors: Cacciotti Chantel , Fleming Adam , Ramaswamy Vijay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumor in pediatrics, accounting for approximately 25% of all childhood cancers, and the second most common pediatric malignancy after leukemia. CNS tumors can be associated with significant morbidity, even those classified as low grade. Mortality from CNS tumors is disproportionately high compared to other childhood malignancies, although surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved outcomes in these patients over the last few decades. Current therapeutic strategies lead to a high risk of side effects, especially in young children. Pediatric brain tumor survivors have unique sequelae compared to age‐matched patients who survived other malignancies. They are at greater risk of significant impairment in cognitive, neurological, endocrine, social, and emotional domains, depending on the location and type of the CNS tumor. Next‐generation genomics have shed light on the broad molecular heterogeneity of pediatric brain tumors and have identified important genes and signaling pathways that serve to drive tumor proliferation. This insight has impacted the research field by providing potential therapeutic targets for these diseases. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of common pediatric brain tumors, specifically low‐grade glioma, high‐grade glioma, ependymoma, embryonal tumors, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying relapses and stem cell transplants in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia using administrative data: Capturing national outcomes irrespective of trial enrollment
Authors: Cahen Viviane C. , Li Yimei , Getz Kelly D. , Elgarten Caitlin W. , DiNofia Amanda M. , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Winestone Lena E. , Huang Yuan‐Shung V. , Miller Tamara P. , Gramatges M. Monica , Rabin Karen R. , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard , Seif Alix E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionOur objectives were to design and validate methods to identify relapse and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using administrative data representing hospitalizations at US pediatric institutions.MethodsWe developed daily billing and ICD‐9 code definitions to identify relapses and HSCTs within a cohort of children with newly diagnosed ALL between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013, previously assembled from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Chart review for children with ALL at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) was performed to establish relapse and HSCT gold standards for sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) calculations. We estimated incidences of relapse and HSCT in the PHIS ALL cohort.ResultsWe identified 362 CHOP and 314 TCH ALL patients in PHIS and established true positives by chart review. Sensitivity and PPV for identifying both relapse and HSCT in PHIS were > 90% at both hospitals. Five‐year relapse incidence in the 10 150‐patient PHIS cohort was 10.3% (95% CI 9.8%‐10.9%) with 7.1% (6.6%‐7.6%) of children underwent HSCTs. Patients in higher‐risk demographic groups had higher relapse and HSCT rates. Our analysis also identified differences in incidences of relapse and HSCT by race, ethnicity, and insurance status.ConclusionsAdministrative data can be used to identify relapse and HSCT accurately in children with ALL whether they occur on‐ or off‐therapy, in contrast with published approaches. This method has wide potential applicability for estimating these incidences in pediatric ALL, including patients not enrolled on clinical trials.
Why do young people get cancer?
Authors: Kentsis Alex 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOncologists and cancer biologists are frequently confronted by the question of what causes cancer? This is particularly vexing for cancers affecting children and young adults who have had limited exposure to environmental mutagens and the effects of aging. Here, I focus on a general framework of the causes of early‐onset cancer development in children and young adults by relating inherited and constitutional cancer predisposition, oncogenic pathogens, and developmental mutations. This framework has implications not only for mechanistic investigation of young cancers, but should also clarify improved strategies for their treatment, screening, and potential prevention.
Experimental Realization of Parrondo's Paradox in 1D Quantum Walks
Authors: Jan Munsif , Wang Qin‐Qin , Xu Xiao‐Ye , Pan Wei‐Wei , Chen Zhe , Han Yong‐Jian , Li Chuan‐Feng , Guo Guang‐Can , Abbott Derek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Parrondo effect is a well‐known apparent paradox where a combination of biased random walks displays a counterintuitive reversal in direction. These random walks can be expressed in terms of classical coin tossing games, leading to the surprising result that a combination of losing games can result in a winning game. There is now a large body of literature on quantum walks theoretically analyzing the quantum version of this effect, but to date, there have been no experimental observations of quantum Parrondo walks. Here, the first experimental verification of a quantum Parrondo walk within a quantum optics scenario is demonstrated. Based on the compact large‐scale experimental quantum‐walk platform, two rotation operators are implemented to realize the quantum Parrondo effect. The effect of quantum coherence in a quantum Parrondo walk is also investigated based on a delayed‐choice scheme that cannot be realized with classical light. It is demonstrated that the Parrondo effect vanishes when the quantum walk has a completely decoherent initial state in a delayed‐choice setting. Quantum walks are fundamental to multiple quantum algorithms, and this research provides motivation to expand the results to further explore quantum Parrondo walks.
Implications of sustainable features on life‐cycle costs of green buildings
Authors: Weerasinghe Achini Shanika , Ramachandra Thanuja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe green buildings seem unattractive to developers who prioritize fast investment returns, due to costs attributed to implementing sustainable features and consequently, only 19% of existing buildings are certified for green, globally. Furthermore, green buildings are aimed at achieving a minimum sustainability level in certification. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the significant sustainable features and the implications of those features on green buildings' life‐cycle costs. The study involved a preliminary investigation to find the significant sustainable features implemented. Subsequently, two green buildings were carefully selected, and a detailed analysis was performed. The data relating to the green building construction, operation and maintenance costs were collected and analysed using Net Present Value. The features have varying degree of contribution to sustainability in terms of the achievement of allocated points in the rating system. The certified buildings have achieved over 75% of allocated points in terms of water efficiency and sustainable sites features, while the achievement level of other features is below average level. Further, highly achieved features are more economical in terms of their less contribution to construction and maintenance costs. On the other hand, the features with lower achievement in certification, contribute significantly to construction and maintenance costs, while providing higher savings during operation. Therefore, the current study recommends, green building investors to select the most suitable features for a given construction based on their respective contributions to the life‐cycle cost of green buildings.
5‐Hydroxy‐isoxazolidine: A New Synthetic Approach to a Privileged Heterocycle for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Presenti Piero , Moiola Mattia , Quadrelli Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA modified pathway towards 5‐hydroxy‐isoxazolidines has been preliminarily investigated by taking advantage of the anti‐Markovnikov route in ene reactions of sterically encumbered nitrosocarbonyl intermediates in the presence of allylsilylethers. Fluoride‐mediated deprotection/cyclization of the ene adducts afforded the desired heterocycles in quantitative yields and the methodology is adaptable to a one‐pot procedure.
Engineering of Electronic States on Co3O4 Ultrathin Nanosheets by Cation Substitution and Anion Vacancies for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Qichen , Xue Xiongxiong , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Yuchao , Feng Yexin , Xiong Xiang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDue to the earth abundance and tunable electronic properties, etc., transition metal oxides (TMOs) show attractive attention in oxygen evolution reaction. O‐vacancies (Vo) play important roles in tailoring the local surface and electronic environment to lower the activation barriers. Herein, an effective strategy is shown to enhance the oxygen evolution reduction (OER) performance on Co3O4 ultrathin nanosheets via combined cation substitution and anion vacancies. The oxygen‐deficient Fe‐Co‐O nanosheets (3–4 nm thickness) display an overpotential of 260 mV@10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1, outperforming those of the benchmark RuO2 in 1.0 m KOH. Further calculations demonstrate that the combined introduction of Fe cation and Vo with appropriate location and content finely tune the intermediate absorption, consequently lowering the rate‐limiting activation energy from 0.82 to as low as 0.15 eV. The feasibility is also proved by oxygen‐deficient Ni‐Co‐O nanosheets. This work not only establishes a clear atomic‐level correlation between cation substitution, anion vacancies, and OER performance, but also provides valuable insights for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for OER.
A Chronicle Review of Nonsilicon (Sn, Sb, Ge)‐Based Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Battery Alloying Anodes
Authors: Liang Suzhe , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Zhu Jin , Xia Yonggao , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the early 1990s, tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), and germanium (Ge)‐based anodes have attracted considerable research interest as promising candidates for next‐generation LIBs due to their high theoretical capacities, suitable operating voltages, and natural abundance. Additionally, the awareness of limited global lithium sources promoted the renaissance of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) in recent years. Sn, Sb, and Ge can electrochemically alloy with sodium and are regarded as promising anode candidates for high‐performance SIBs. However, these alloying/dealloying anodes suffer severe volume expansion during lithiation or sodiation processes, which is one of the biggest obstacles toward practical applications. In order to solve this problem, several strategies are developed including reducing the absolute size of particles, creating interior void space, and introducing buffer media. After more than two decades' efforts, the electrochemical performance of Sn, Sb, and Ge‐based anodes is significantly improved. Considerable studies about Sn, Sb, and Ge‐based anodes are summarized in a chronicle perspective and the brief development histories of the three anodes are outlined. With this unique review, light will be shed on the future trends of the studies on the Sn, Sb, and Ge‐based anodes for advanced rechargeable batteries.
Long‐distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease
Authors: Pathak Amrita , Clark Shayla , Bronfman Francisca C. , Deppmann Christopher D. , Carter Bruce D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNervous system development proceeds via well‐orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long‐distance mode of communication. While long‐distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long‐distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long‐distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long‐distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios.This article is categorized under:Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General PrinciplesSignaling Pathways > Global Signaling MechanismsEstablishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization
Erratum zu: Reversible Trifokalität durch das Duett-Verfahren
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Yildirim Timur M. , Son Hyeck-Soo , Łabuz Grzegorz , Mayer Christian S. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: May 2020

In der PDF-Version des Artikels war der Satz „Bisherige Linsenmodelle konnten dafür durch refraktive und/oder diffraktive Optiken nur 2 Foci (Fern- und Nahbereich) generieren.“ unvollständig. Die Online-Version wurde nachträglich korrigiert.Wir bitten, das aktualisierte PDF zu beachten und den …
Programming Methods for DNA-Based Reaction–Diffusion Systems
Authors: Abe Keita , Murata Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this tutorial, recent development of pattern generation algorithms based on DNA computing will be overviewed. Natural pattern generation, especially in biological organisms, are often driven by spatio-temporal chemical reactions. Various reaction–diffusion systems have been proposed to generate artificial patterns out of DNA sequences. To program DNA reaction–diffusion systems, in addition to the design of the reaction, diffusion of each DNA species must be considered. This is realized by immobilizing or suppressing diffusion of DNA molecules in the reaction field. Here, several typical methods to build patterns by 1-D or 2-D reaction–diffusion systems are introduced and how to implement the system by DNA molecules is explained. The direction of future research and possible applications of this technology will be also discussed.