bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant salamander from the Miocene of the Mecsek mountains (Pécs-Danitzpuszta, southwestern Hungary)
Authors: Szentesi Zoltán , Sebe Krisztina , Szabó Márton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Late Miocene fossil locality Pécs-Danitzpuszta (Mecsek Mts., Hungary) has yielded cranial and postcranial bones of giant salamanders. Based on taxonomical studies, these relatively well-preserved, isolated bones belong to the cryptobranchid speciesAndrias scheuchzeri. Whereas the species is well documented from Neogene of Central Europe, this is the first record of the genusAndriasfrom Hungary, representing the sole record of giant salamanders from the country. The fossils were found in Upper Miocene sands deposited in the brackish Lake Pannon, but their late Miocene age is uncertain, because they occur together with vertebrate remains reworked from older sediments. The mild and humid climate and the presence of freshwater wetlands on the mainland indicated by the fossil flora, the syn-depositional uplift of the mountains providing for a rugged topography, and the intense clastic sediment input into Lake Pannon indicative of a fluvial network on the Mecsek Island and of sufficient precipitation support that conditions were convenient for the giant salamanders in the early late Miocene. Together with three other late Miocene localities in Austria, the Pécs-Danitzpuszta site is the fourth Miocene occurrence ofAndriasin the Pannonian Basin System. It resembles the first three localities in lying at the foot of elevated terrain and in having freshwater input, conditions thought to be necessary for giant salamander habitats.
A novel polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composite as a conductive neural guidance channel: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Farzamfar Saeed , Salehi Majid , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Verdi Javad , Mansouri Korosh , Ai Arman , Malekshahi Ziba Veisi , Ai Jafar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the potential of carbon nanofibers to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The carbon nanofiber-imbedded scaffolds were produced from polycaprolactone and carbon nanofibers using thermally induced phase separation method. Electrospinning technique was utilized to fabricate polycaprolactone/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The incorporation of carbon nanofibers into polycaprolactone’s matrix significantly reduced its electrical resistance from 4.3 × 109 ± 0.34 × 109 Ω to 8.7 × 104 ± 1.2 × 104 Ω. Further in vitro studies showed that polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber scaffolds had the porosity of 82.9 ± 3.7% and degradation rate of 1.84 ± 0.37% after 30 days and 3.58 ± 0.39% after 60 days. The fabricated scaffolds were favorable for PC-12 cells attachment and proliferation. Neural guidance channels were produced from the polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composites using water jet cutter machine then incorporated with PCL/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The composites were implanted into severed rat sciatic nerve. After 12 weeks, the results of histopathological examinations and functional analysis proved that conductive conduit out-performed the non-conductive type and induced no toxicity or immunogenic reactions, suggesting its potential applicability to treat peripheral nerve damage in the clinic.
Rational Design of Porous N-Ti3C2 MXene@CNT Microspheres for High Cycling Stability in Li–S Battery
Authors: Wang Jianli , Zhang Zhao , Yan Xufeng , Zhang Shunlong , Wu Zihao , Zhuang Zhihong , Han Wei-Qiang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Herein, N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres are successfully synthesized by the simple spray drying method. In the preparation process, HCl-treated melamine (HTM) is selected as the sources of carbon and nitrogen. It not only realizes in situ growth of CNTs on the surface of MXene nanosheets with the catalysis of Ni, but also introduces efficient N-doping in both MXene and CNTs. Within the microsphere, MXene nanosheets interconnect with CNTs to form porous and conductive network. In addition, N-doped MXene and CNTs can provide strong chemical immobilization for polysulfides and effectively entrap them within the porous microspheres. Above-mentioned merits enable N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres to be ideal sulfur host. When used in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery, the N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode delivers initial specific capacity of 927 mAh g−1 at 1 C and retains high capacity of 775 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with extremely low fading rate (FR) of 0.016% per cycle. Furthermore, the cathode still shows high cycling stability at high C-rate of 4 C (capacity of 647 mAh g−1 after 650 cycles, FR 0.027%) and high sulfur loading of 3 and 6 mg cm−2 for Li–S batteries.
Domain-Specific Inhibitory Control Training to Improve Children’s Learning of Counterintuitive Concepts in Mathematics and Science
Authors:   The UnLocke Team, Wilkinson Hannah R. , Smid Claire , Morris Su , Farran Emily K. , Dumontheil Iroise , Mayer Sveta , Tolmie Andrew , Bell Derek , Porayska-Pomsta Kaśka , Holmes Wayne , Mareschal Denis , Thomas Michael S. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that learning counterintuitive concepts in mathematics and science requires inhibitory control (IC). This prevents interference from misleading perceptual cues and naïve theories children have built from their experiences of the world. Here, we (1) investigate associations between IC, counterintuitive reasoning, and academic achievement and (2) evaluate a classroom-based computerised intervention, called Stop & Think, designed to embed IC training within the learning domain (i.e. mathematics and science content from the school curricula). Cross-sectional analyses of data from 627 children in Years 3 and 5 (7- to 10-year-olds) demonstrated that IC, measured on a Stroop-like task, was associated with counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. A subsample (n = 456) participated either in Stop & Think as a whole-class activity (teacher-led, STT) or using individual computers (pupil-led, STP), or had teaching as usual (TAU). For Year 3 children (but not Year 5), Stop & Think led to better counterintuitive reasoning (i.e. near transfer) in STT (p < .001, ηp2 = .067) and STP (p < .01, ηp2 = .041) compared to TAU. Achievement data was not available for Year 3 STP or Year 5 STT. For Year 3, STT led to better science achievement (i.e. far transfer) compared to TAU (p < .05, ηp2 = .077). There was no transfer to the Stroop-like measure of IC. Overall, these findings support the idea that IC may contribute to counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. Further, we provide preliminary evidence of a domain-specific IC intervention with transferable benefits to academic achievement for Year 3 children.
Erratum zu: Wie verbindlich ist das Wissen vom Gene Editing? Ethische Reflexionen zu einem aktuellen Normierungsprozess
Authors:   The Publisher
Published: December 2019

Erratum zu:ZEMO 201910.1007/s42048-019-00043-6Der Artikel Wie verbindlich ist das Wissen vom Gene Editing? Ethische Reflexionen zu einem aktuellen Normierungsprozess von Stefanie Kiewitt-Straßburg wurde ursprünglich am 8. Oktober 2019 ohne „Open Access“ online auf der …
The Nurse's Tale: Other Worlds and Parallel Worlds in the Exposition of Euripides’Hypsipyle
Authors: Chong-Gossard James H. K. O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article analyses Euripides’ mythopoetics in what survives of the first quarter of his fragmentaryHypsipyle:prologue, parodos, and first episode. It examines Euripides’ innovation in joining two myths (the Seven Against Thebes and the story of Hypsipyle and the Argonauts) into one, and the representation of Hypsipyle herself. In her private moments, the thoughts that preoccupy her mind are focused on other-places and other-times, in vivid contrast to the naturalistically presented world of the present where, as a slave, she must interact with men. Euripides uses the language of serving (θɛραπɛύɛιν) and doing a ‘favour’ (χάρις), as well as the word ἐρῆμος (‘lonely,’ ‘deserted’) and homoeophonic language (e.g. Argo and Argos) to indicate that, in helping the Argives, Hypsipyle repeats typologically her hospitality to the Argonauts. There is a circularity in Hypsipyle's story that creates suspense, since by doing a favour for the Argive leader, she is reunited with the sons she bore to Argonauts’ leader, who themselves are sent to find her by their grandfather whom she saved; and by losing the infant in her care (Opheltes, later named Archemorus), she is reunited with her former infants. By the end of Hypsipyle's first conversation with Amphiaraus, Euripides has invented a theme of ‘parallel worlds’ that he will resolve at the play's end.
Generation of 100 nJ pulse, 1 W average power at from an intermode beating mode-locked all-fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Wu Duanduan , Zhao Ruwei , Wang Rongping , Dai Shixun 
Published: December 2019

We report on the investigation of intermode beating mode-locked (IBML) pulse generation in a simple all-fiber Tm

$^{3+}$

-doped double clad fiber laser (TDFL). This IBML TDFL is implemented by matching longitudinal-mode frequency between 793 nm laser and TDFL without extra mode locker. The central wavelength of

${\sim}1983~\text{nm}$

, the fundamental pulse frequency of

${\sim}9.6~\text{MHz}$

and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of

${>}50~\text{dB}$

are achieved in this IBML TDFL. With laser cavity optimization, the IBML TDFL can finally generate an average output power of 1.03 W with corresponding pulse energy of

${\sim}107~\text{nJ}$

. These results can provide an easily accessible way to develop compact large-energy, high-power TDFLs.
Lörres, Möppes, and the Swiss. (Re)Discovering regional patterns in anonymous social media data
Authors: Purschke Christoph , Hovy Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study regional similarities and differences in language use on an anonymous mobile chat application in the German-speaking area. We use a neural network on 2.3 million online conversations to automatically learn representations of words and cities. These linguistic-use-based representations capture regional distinctions in a high-dimensional vector space that can be clustered and visualized to discover patterns in the data. We find that the resulting regional patterns are closely linked to the traditional division of German dialects, even though most of the conversations are written in standard German. The resulting maps correspond to traditional dialect divisions and language-external spatial structures, with a few notable exceptions that can be explained through external factors.Our method also facilitates two qualitative analyses, allowing us to discover geographically-pertinent words for various regional levels, as well as creating regional group-specific style profiles based on various linguistic resources. The results of our study strongly suggest the existence of region-specific patterns of language use (“digital regiolects”) representing distinctive strategies of linguistic stylization in relation to linguistic resources and topics. As a methodological contribution, we show how linguistic theory can drive the application and direction of neural network-based representation learning, and how their judicious application provides the basis for qualitative analysis of large-scale data collections.
Can married or cohabiting women negotiate protective sex? Findings from Demographic and Health Surveys of two West African countries
Authors: Feyisetan Bamikale , Oyediran Kola A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCan married or cohabitating women in patriarchal societies, who are often disproportionately affected by STI/HIV infections, negotiate protective sex when perceived necessary by refusing sex or asking for condom use during sex? Protective sex negotiation was examined through measures of power relations related to whether or not a woman has a say in sexual activities within marriage. The study hypothesis was that women who are more able to refuse sex or ask for condom use before sexual intercourse will be more able to discuss and reach agreement with their spouses on protective sex practices when needed. The study used data from DHS surveys conducted in Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict women’s ability to negotiate protective sex in Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria. The findings show that moderately high percentages of women in both countries reported the ability to negotiate protective sex, with a higher percentage reporting the ability to refuse sex compared with the ability to ask partners to use a condom. The logistic regression results showed that, in the two countries, women’s ability to refuse sex or ask their partners to use a condom, varied by gender- and power-mediating factors, women’s characteristics and behavioural factors. The study draws attention to the need to intensify efforts to promote more-egalitarian relationships between partners through culturally appropriate interventions.
A dual-systems perspective on temporal cognition: Implications for the role of emotion
Authors: Nuyens Filip M. , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This commentary explores how emotion fits in the dual-systems model of temporal cognition proposed by Hoerl & McCormack. The updating system would be affected by emotion via the attentional/arousal effect according to the attentional gate model. The reasoning system would be disrupted by emotion, especially for traumatic events. Time discrepancies described in the dual-systems model are also explained.
Thinking about thinking about time
Authors: Redshaw Jonathan , Bulley Adam , Suddendorf Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl & McCormack (H&M) discuss the possible function of meta-representations in temporal cognition but ultimately take an agnostic stance. Here we outline the fundamental role that we believe meta-representations play. Because humans know that their representations of future events are just representations, they are in a position to compensate for the shortcomings of their own foresight and to prepare for multiple contingencies.
Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition
Authors: Povinelli Daniel J. , Glorioso Gabrielle C. , Kuznar Shannon L. , Pavlic Mateja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.
Temporal updating, behavioral learning, and the phenomenology of time-consciousness
Authors: Hayman Genevieve , Huebner Bryce 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl & McCormack claim that the temporal updating system only represents the world as present. This generates puzzles regarding the phenomenology of temporal experience. We argue that recent models of reinforcement learning suggest that temporal updating must have a minimal temporal structure; and we suggest that this helps to clarify what it means to experience the world as temporally structured.
Modal dependent type theory and dependent right adjoints
Authors: Birkedal Lars , Clouston Ranald , Mannaa Bassel , Ejlers Møgelberg Rasmus , Pitts Andrew M. , Spitters Bas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, we have seen several new models of dependent type theory extended with some form of modal necessity operator, including nominal type theory, guarded and clocked type theory and spatial and cohesive type theory. In this paper, we study modal dependent type theory: dependent type theory with an operator satisfying (a dependent version of) the K axiom of modal logic. We investigate both semantics and syntax. For the semantics, we introduce categories with families with a dependent right adjoint (CwDRA) and show that the examples above can be presented as such. Indeed, we show that any category with finite limits and an adjunction of endofunctors give rise to a CwDRA via the local universe construction. For the syntax, we introduce a dependently typed extension of Fitch-style modal λ-calculus, show that it can be interpreted in any CwDRA, and build a term model. We extend the syntax and semantics with universes.
Structure and validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire in female adolescents
Authors: Shu Chloe Y. , O’Brien Amy , Watson Hunna J. , Anderson Rebecca A. , Wade Tracey D. , Kane Robert T. , Lampard Amy , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground:Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic risk factor across psychopathology. The Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) was developed to assess change in order to provide clinical utility, but currently the psychometric properties of the CPQ with adolescents is unknown.Aims:To assess the factor structure and construct validity of the CPQ in female adolescents.Method:The CPQ was administered to 267 females aged 14–19 years of age. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the validity of the two-factor model and a second-order factor model. Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between the CPQ and a wide range of measures of perfectionism, psychopathology and personality traits.Results:The study demonstrated internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity of the CPQ in a sample of female adolescents. The CFA in the present study confirmed the two-factor model of the CPQ with Factor 1 relating to perfectionistic strivings and Factor 2 representing perfectionistic concerns. The second-order two factor model indicated no deterioration in fit.Conclusions:The two-factor model of the CPQ fits with the theoretical definition of clinical perfectionism where the over-dependence of self-worth on achievement and concern over mistakes are key elements. The CPQ is suitable for use with female adolescents in future research that seeks to better understand the role of perfectionism in the range of mental illnesses that impact youth.
Attentional control in interpreting: A model of language control and processing control
Authors: Dong Yanping , Li Ping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterpreting is a complex bilingual task, placing high demands on both language control (i.e., source language not interfering in target language production) and processing control (i.e., multi-tasking carried out in concert under time pressure). On the basis of empirical evidence in the literature, we propose an attentional control model to account for both language control and processing control. Specifically, language control in interpreting is achieved by a structural framework of language-modality connections (established in interpreting training and stored as task schema), and by focused attention that helps build, strengthen and adapt the framework through monitoring, target enhancement, task disengagement, shifting, and working memory. In contrast, processing control in interpreting is achieved by divided attention via coordination and working memory, and by language processing efficiency that includes mastery of both languages and the appropriate use of interpreting strategies. Implications of this model for general bilingual language control are discussed.
DIFFERENCE-MAKING CONDITIONALS AND THE RELEVANT RAMSEY TEST
Authors: ROTT HANS 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores conditionals expressing that the antecedent makes a difference for the consequent. A ‘relevantised’ version of the Ramsey Test for conditionals is employed in the context of the classical theory of belief revision. The idea of this test is that the antecedent is relevant to the consequent in the following sense: a conditional is accepted just in case (i) the consequent is accepted if the belief state is revised by the antecedent and (ii) the consequent fails to be accepted if the belief state is revised by the antecedent’s negation. The connective thus defined violates almost all of the traditional principles of conditional logic, but it obeys an interesting logic of its own. The article also gives the logic of an alternative version, the ‘Dependent Ramsey Test,’ according to which a conditional is accepted just in case (i) the consequent is accepted if the belief state is revised by the antecedent and (ii) the consequent is rejected (e.g., its negation is accepted) if the belief state is revised by the antecedent’s negation. This conditional is closely related to David Lewis’s counterfactual analysis of causation.
Voters reward hard-working MPs: empirical evidence from the French legislative elections
Authors: François Abel , Navarro Julien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between incumbent MPs’ activities and their electoral fortune. We address this question in the context of the French political system characterized by an executive domination, a candidate-centered electoral system, and an electoral schedule maximizing the impact of the presidential elections. Given the contradictory influence of these three institutional features on the relationship between MPs’ activities and electoral results, the overall link can only be assessed empirically. We test the effects of several measurements of MPs’ activities on both their vote share and reelection probability in the 2007 legislative election. We show that MPs’ activities are differently correlated to both the incumbents’ vote shares in the first round and their reelection. Despite the weakness of the French National Assembly, several parliamentary activities, especially bill initiation, have a significant effect on MPs’ electoral prospects.
The Propagation Effects of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields Over Mountainous Terrain in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide
Authors: Li Dongshuai , Luque Alejandro , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos , Azadifar Mohammad , Diendorfer Gerhard , Pichler Hannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a full‐wave two‐dimensional Finite‐Difference‐Time‐Domain model is developed to evaluate the propagation effects of lightning electromagnetic fields over mountainous terrain in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. In the model, we investigate the effect of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide structure and medium parameters, including the effect of the ionospheric cold plasma characteristics, the effect of the Earth curvature, and the propagation effects over mountainous terrain. For the first time, the obtained results are validated against simultaneous experimental data consisting of lightning currents measured at the Säntis Tower and electric fields measured in Neudorf, Austria, located at 380‐km distance from the tower. It is shown that both the time delays and amplitudes of the lightning electromagnetic fields at 380‐km distance can be strongly affected by the ionospheric electron density profile, the mountainous terrain, and the Earth curvature. After taking into account the effect of the irregular terrain between the Säntis Tower and the field measurement station, the vertical electric fields calculated by using our model are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding measured cases occurred in both daytime and nighttime. The ideal approximation used in either the classical solutions or the simplified models might lead to inaccuracies in the estimated reflection height. Furthermore, we discuss the sensitivity of our results by considering different return stroke models, as well as different typical values of the return stroke speed and of the ground conductivity.