bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term variability of bioclimatic conditions and tourism potential for Warsaw agglomeration (Poland)
Authors: Rozbicka Katarzyna , Rozbicki Tomasz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe research area includes one of the largest in terms of population and also the most attractive tourist area in Poland—Warsaw agglomeration. The aim of the study is to assess the temporal and spatial difference of the heat stress on the human body in this area based on long-term data (1980–2016). On the basis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and designated Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS) diagrams, a comprehensive and detailed bioclimate assessment was made for three different areas. The highest values of the UTCI as well as the frequency of thermal sensations related to heat stress occurred at the Bielany station representing the city area, and the lowest at stations representing suburban area—Legionowo and outskirts—Okęcie. A negative linear trend of the number of days was observed for thermal stress related to cold stress and the category of ‘no thermal stress’ while a positive linear trend was obtained for thermal stress related to heat stress. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that in summer months (in June over 60%) the conditions are favourable for the residents causing the lack or slight intensification of the body’s adaptation processes and they are beneficial for practicing various forms of recreation and tourism. However, on the other hand, the rise in the number of days with the ‘strong and very strong heat stress’ especially at the station representing the city area is a disturbing factor and negatively affecting both the health and well-being of agglomeration residents in the future.
Remarks on Rational Vector Fields on $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^{1}$
Authors: Klimeš Martin , Rousseau Christiane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce geometric tools to study the families of rational vector fields of a given degree over $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^{1}$
ℂ

ℙ

1

. To a generic vector field of such a parametric family, we associate several geometric objects: a periodgon, a star domain, and a translation surface. These objects generalize objects with the same name introduced in previous works on polynomial vector fields. They are used to describe the bifurcations inside the families. We specialize to the case of rational vector fields of degree 4.
Usage of supplementary cementitious materials: advantages and limitations
Authors: Pacewska Barbara , Wilińska Iwona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is well known that cement production is not neutral for natural environment among others due to high CO2emission. Different strategies of mitigation of negative environmental impact of its production are developed. One of the ways is utilization of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the manufacture of cement and concrete. Introduction of aluminosilicate SCMs into binding mixture makes that more amount of so-called C–A–S–H phase appears in hydration products, affecting microstructure and properties of final hardened composite. The aim of this work is to discuss the possibilities of utilization of selected SCMs in different binding mixtures including some advantages and limitations. Literature review on the subject was carried out. Some of our own research results were also presented. In the Part I of this review, some information about history of ancient binding materials and the possibilities of inspiring modern engineers with ancient constructions in the aspect of using SCMs in modern concrete were presented. Using pozzolanic aluminosilicate SCMs in relation to their influence on formed products, microstructure and mechanical properties of hardened material were discussed. Some problems with possibilities of study of SCMs reaction degree were identified. Emphasis was put on the usefulness of isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis for investigations of hydration process and identification of hydrated products as well as evaluation of degree of reaction of SCMs.
Residual Layer Removal of Technical Glass Resulting from Reactive Atmospheric Plasma Jet Etching by Pulsed Laser Irradiation
Authors: Kazemi Faezeh , Arnold Thomas , Lorenz Pierre , Ehrhardt Martin , Zimmer Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUltrahigh-precision machining of glass is indispensable for optical component fabrication and therefore for applications. In this regard, plasma jet assisted chemical etching technologies enable new fabrication processes for enhanced optical functionalities due to their deterministic localized machining capabilities. This technique has been successfully applied to fused silica and silicon. However, applications require specific glass properties are related to complex material compositions of the glass. Hence, reactive plasma etching of these optical glasses is a challenging task. For instance, etching of metal oxide containing glass like N-BK7 by a fluorine-based reactive atmospheric plasma jet (RAPJ) exhibits currently limitations due to the formation of non-volatile reaction products that remain on the glass surface as a layer. Therefore, a procedure consisting of RAPJ etching and laser ablation is proposed for the machining of N-BK7. The capability of laser-based removal of residual layers is compared to water-based solving of the residual layer. After RAPJ etching of N-BK7 using a CF4–O2 gas mixture with an average microwave power of 16 W, the samples are cleaned either by a water-based solvent or by the ablation with a nanosecond-pulsed ultraviolet laser. The laser irradiation with fluences of 2.8 J/cm2 results in a localized removal of the residual layer. It is demonstrated that the roughness of the laser-cleaned N-BK7 surface is similarly low as solvent-based cleaned samples but the pulsed laser enhanced cleaning allows a dry processing at atmospheric pressure as well as a localized processing with a high lateral resolution.
Key Technologies and Instrumentation for Subsurface Exploration of Ocean Worlds
Authors: Dachwald Bernd , Ulamec Stephan , Postberg Frank , Sohl Frank , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Waldmann Christoph , Lorenz Ralph D. , Zacny Kris A. , Hellard Hugo , Biele Jens , Rettberg Petra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus because they have the highest potential for such missions in the near future. The exploration of their oceans requires landing on the surface, penetrating the thick ice shell with an ice-penetrating probe, and probably diving with an underwater vehicle through dozens of kilometers of water to the ocean floor, to have the chance to find life, if it exists. Technologically, such missions are extremely challenging. The required key technologies include power generation, communications, pressure resistance, radiation hardness, corrosion protection, navigation, miniaturization, autonomy, and sterilization and cleaning. Simpler mission concepts involve impactors and penetrators or – in the case of Enceladus – plume-fly-through missions.
A Taxonomy to Structure and Analyze Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Onnasch Linda , Roesler Eileen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRobotic systems are one of the core technologies that will shape our future. Robots already change our private and professional life by working together with humans in various domains. Evoked by this increasing trend, great variability exists in terms of robots and interaction scenarios. This has boosted research regarding shaping factors of human–robot interaction (HRI). Nevertheless, this variety hinders the comparability and the generalizability of insights. What is needed for efficient research is a structured approach that allows the analysis of superordinate attributes, making previous HRI research comparable, revealing research gaps and thus guiding future research activities. Based on the review of previous HRI frameworks we developed a new HRI taxonomy that (1) takes into account the human, the robot, the interaction and the context of the HRI, (2) is applicable to various HRI scenarios and (3) provides predefined categories to enable structured comparisons of different HRI scenarios. A graphical representation of the taxonomy, including all possible classifications, eases the application to specific HRI scenarios. To demonstrate the use and value of this taxonomy, it is applied to different studies in HRI in order to identify possible reasons for contrasting results. The exemplified applications of the taxonomy underline its value as a basis for reviews and meta-analyses. Moreover, the taxonomy offers a framework for future HRI research as it offers guidance for systematic variations of distinctive variables in HRI.
The geodetic detection of the variable load impact on the earth-filled structure
Authors: Kuras Przemysław , Ortyl Łukasz , Owerko Tomasz , Borecka Aleksandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article concerns the evaluation of displacement monitoring referred to the earth-filled flood embankment using surveying and radar measurement techniques. The results allow to reveal the embankment reaction to the external loads. The results of long-term geodetic monitoring clearly imply the dominance of displacements directed outside for points located on the embankment slopes. The displacement values were also referred to the course of the changing water level representing a flood wave, in order to point out the mutual relationship between them. Horizontal displacements indicate that earth-filled embankments may behave to some extent like elastic structures. For the experiment, which covered determining the embankment response to the varying water level, ground-based radar interferometry was used as an alternative measurement technique. This selection was justified primarily by the submillimeter accuracy of the displacement measurement. However, the research required overcoming a few limitations, among which the atmosphere variability is the most important. This was taken into account by measuring the current atmospheric conditions and correcting the results by atmospheric delay. For the time intervals in which it was possible to compare surveying and radar measurement techniques, the displacement values were analyzed and referred to the current structure load resulting from the variable water level. A sizable number of the observations allow to perceive some tendencies, even if the displacement values were at the measurement uncertainty level. The movement trend is consistent for both methods. This was evidenced particularly by the compatibility of the considerable displacements detected for the points located in the area of presumed embankment failure. Moreover, the differences are within the limits of agreements determined on the basis of the Bland–Altman plot, which means that these two measurement methods could be used interchangeably.
Incidence and factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting at Debre Berhan referral hospital, NorthShewa, Ethiopia: Across-sectional study
Authors: Allene Mengesha Dessie , Demsie Desalegn Getnet 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting are the most common and disturbing complications following anaesthesia and surgery. Despite modern anaesthetic and surgical techniques, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting remains high. This common complication is unpleasant for patients and delays recovery.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and associated factors.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2 to December 27, 2019. A total of 398 patients who were operated on in this period were included in the study. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 22.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Result:
The incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting and nausea and vomiting were 79(19.85%), 16(4.02%) and 87(21.86%) respectively. Factors that were associated with postoperative nausea were female sex [AOR = 8.22; 95%CI = (5.31–17.51)], previous history of PONV [AOR = 7.32; 95%CI = (1.47–21.02)]; history of motion sickness [AOR = 3.64; 95%CI = (1.65–6.27)], duration of anesthesia >60 min [AOR = 3.21; 95%CI = (1.41–7.63)], use of postoperative opioids [AOR = 2.88; 95%CI = (1.91–18.95)] and obstetrics and gynaecology surgery [AOR = 6.20; 95%CI = (2.51–18.83)]. In addition, factors that were associated with postoperative vomiting were female sex [AOR = 6.88; 95%CI = (1.94–24.03)], previous history of PONV [AOR = 7.81; 95%CI= (1.21–18.46)], history of motion sickness [AOR = 5.00; 95%CI = (2.35–12.10)], duration of anesthesia >60 min [AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = (1.03–5.41)], use of postoperative opioids [AOR = 4.02; 95%CI=(1.34–12.01)] and obstetrics and gynaecology surgery [AOR = 7.32; 95% CI=(2.47–21.68)].

Conclusion and recommendations:
The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was higher compared with most studies conducted in the world. We recommend using of anti-emetic prophylaxis and formulation of postoperative nausea and vomiting treatment protocols.

Highlights:
ImpDAR: an open-source impulse radar processor
Authors: Lilien David A. , Hills Benjamin H. , Driscol Joshua , Jacobel Robert , Christianson Knut 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite widespread use of radio-echo sounding (RES) in glaciology and broad distribution of processed radar products, the glaciological community has no standard software for processing impulse RES data. Dependable, fast and collection-system/platform-independent processing flows could facilitate comparison between datasets and allow full utilization of large impulse RES data archives and new data. Here, we present ImpDAR, an open-source, cross-platform, impulse radar processor and interpreter, written primarily in Python. The utility of this software lies in its collection of established tools into a single, open-source framework. ImpDAR aims to provide a versatile standard that is accessible to radar-processing novices and useful to specialists. It can read data from common commercial ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) and some custom-built RES systems. It performs all the standard processing steps, including bandpass and horizontal filtering, time correction for antenna spacing, geolocation and migration. After processing data, ImpDAR's interpreter includes several plotting functions, digitization of reflecting horizons, calculation of reflector strength and export of interpreted layers. We demonstrate these capabilities on two datasets: deep (~3000 m depth) data collected with a custom (3 MHz) system in northeast Greenland and shallow (<100 m depth, 500 MHz) data collected with a commercial GPR on South Cascade Glacier in Washington.
A STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE MAXIMAL STRENGTH OF TAIL DEPENDENCE
Authors: Sun Ning , Yang Chen , Zitikis Ričardas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral diagonal-based tail dependence indices have been suggested in the literature to quantify tail dependence. They have well-developed statistical inference theories but tend to underestimate tail dependence. For those problems when assessing the maximal strength of dependence is important (e.g., co-movements of financial instruments), the maximal tail dependence index was introduced, but it has so far lacked empirical estimators and statistical inference results, thus hindering its practical use. In the present paper, we suggest an empirical estimator for the index, explore its statistical properties, and illustrate its performance on simulated data.
Immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CTSA TL1 and KL2 training and career development
Authors: McCormack Wayne T. , Bredella Miriam A. , Ingbar David H. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Meagher Emma A. , Morris Cynthia D. , Nagel Joan D. , Pusek Susan , Rubio Doris M. , Sandberg Kathryn , Schnaper H. William , Tsevat Joel , Umans Jason G. , McIntosh Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) TL1 trainees and KL2 scholars were surveyed to determine the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development. The most negative impact was lack of access to research facilities, clinics, and human subjects, plus for KL2 scholars lack of access to team members and need for homeschooling. TL1 trainees reported having more time to think and write. Common strategies to maintain research productivity involved time management, virtual connections with colleagues, and shifting to research activities not requiring laboratory/clinic settings. Strategies for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development are described.
Utilizing a real-time discussion approach to improve the appropriateness of Clostridioides difficile testing and the potential unintended consequences of this strategy
Authors: Dbeibo Lana , Brinkman Allison , Beeler Cole , Fadel William , Snyderman William , Hatfield Nicole , Sadowski Joshua , Wang Yun , Kelley Kristen , Webb Douglas , Azar Jose , Kara Areeba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report electronic medical record interventions to reduce Clostridioides difficile testing risk ‘alert fatigue.’ We used a behavioral approach to diagnostic stewardship and observed a decrease in the number of tests ordered of ~4.5 per month (P < .0001). Although the number of inappropriate tests decreased during the study period, delayed testing increased.
Foods, nutrient intakes and Mediterranean dietary pattern in midlife are not associated with reaction times: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Huifeng , Hardie Laura , Cade Janet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAssociations between dietary factors and general cognition in the elderly have been documented; however, little is known about reaction time ability in relation to midlife diet. The present study aimed to investigate associations between reaction time and midlife dietary factors, specifically foods, nutrients and Mediterranean diet (MeDi) pattern. The UK Women’s Cohort Study collected dietary information from middle-aged women (52 (sd9·4) years old) using a validated 217-item FFQ in 1995–1998. In 2010–2011, a sub-group of 664 participants completed online reaction time ability tests including simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time; 503 participants were eligible for analysis. Participants were grouped into fast and slow groups by their median reaction time. The intake of particular foods, nutrients, adherence to the MeDi and cooking methods (roasting/baking, frying and barbecuing/grilling) were explored in relation to reaction times. We did not find any significant associations between reaction times and investigated foods, nutrients or adherence to the MeDi in adjusted models. However, consumers of roasted/baked fish and fried vegetables were associated with slower SRT (adjusted OR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·00, 2·13,P= 0·049; and adjusted OR 1·64, 95 % CI 1·12, 2·39,P= 0·010, respectively) compared with non-consumers of that particularly cooked food. Overall, our findings show no significant associations between midlife diet and reaction time ability 10–15 years later.
New Arab Maids: Female Domestic Work, “New Arab Women,” and National Memory in British Mandate Palestine
Authors: Kahlenberg Caroline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe “new Arab woman” of the early 20th century has received much recent scholarly attention. According to the middle- and upper-class ideal, this woman was expected to strengthen the nation by efficiently managing her household, educating her children, and contributing to social causes. Yet, we cannot fully understand the “new Arab woman” without studying the domestic workers who allowed this class to exist. Domestic workers carried out much of the physical labor that let their mistresses pursue new standards of domesticity, social engagement, and participation in nationalist organizations. This article examines relationships between Arab housewives and female domestic workers in British Mandate Palestine (1920–1948) through an analysis of domestic reform articles and memoirs. Arab domestic reformers argued that elite housewives, in order to become truly modern women, had to treat maids with greater respect and adjust to the major socioeconomic changes that peasants were experiencing, yet still maintain a clear hierarchy in the home. Palestinian memoirists, meanwhile, often imagine their pre-1948 homes as a site of Palestinian national solidarity. Their memories of intimate relationships that developed between elite families and peasant maids have crucially shaped nationalist narratives that celebrate the Palestinian peasantry.
Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Schaefer Lauren M. , Anderson Lisa M. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Crow Scott J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Peterson Carol B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or ‘de-couple’ during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes.MethodsAdults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment.ResultsThere was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up.ConclusionsBoth ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.
LIMITATIONS OF SIZE AND LEVELS TESTS OF WRITTEN RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Stoeckel Tim , McLean Stuart , Nation Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo commonly used test types to assess vocabulary knowledge for the purpose of reading are size and levels tests. This article first reviews several frequently stated purposes of such tests (e.g., materials selection, tracking vocabulary growth) and provides a reasoned argument for the precision needed to serve such purposes. Then three sources of inaccuracy in existing tests are examined: the overestimation of lexical knowledge from guessing or use of test strategies under meaning-recognition item formats; the overestimation of vocabulary knowledge when receptive understanding of all word family members is assumed from a correct response to an item assessing knowledge of just one family member; and the limited precision that a small, random sample of target words has in representing the population of words from which it is drawn. The article concludes that existing tests lack the accuracy needed for many specified testing purposes and discusses possible improvements going forward.