bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-lactamase-mediated Resistance in MDR-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from Qatar
Authors: Ahmed Mazen A. Sid , Khan Faisal Ahmad , Sultan Ali A. , Soderquist Bo , Ibrahim Emad Bashir , Jass Jana , Omrani Ali S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Anti-pseudomonal b-lactam antibiotics are of paramount importance in the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The distribution of b-lactam resistance genes in P. aeruginosa is often closely related to the distribution of certain high-risk international clones. In the present study whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify the predominant sequence types (STs) and b-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-P. aeruginosa from QatarMethods: Microbiological identification and susceptibility tests were performed by automated BD PhoenixTM system and manual Liofilchem MIC Test Strips. Seventy-five MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates were subsequently processed for WGS. Results: Among 75 MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates; the largest proportions of susceptibility were to ceftazidime-avibactam (n=36, 48%), followed by ceftolozane-tazobactam (30, 40%), ceftazidime (n=21, 28%) and aztreonam (n=16, 21.33%). Almost all isolates possessed Class C and Class D b-lactamases (n=72, 96% each), while metallo-β-lactamases were detected in 20 (26.67%) isolates. Eight (40%) metallo-β-lactamases producers were susceptible to aztreonam and did not produce any concomitant extended-spectrum b-lactamases. The most frequent sequence types identified were ST235 (n=16, 21.33%), ST357 (n=8, 10.67%), ST389 and ST1284 (6, 8% each). Nearly all ST235 (15/16; 93.75%) were resistant to all tested b-lactams.Conclusion: MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates from Qatar are highly resistant to antipseudomonal b-lactams. Global high-risk STs are predominant in Qatar and their associated multi-resistant phenotypes are a cause for considerable concern. The molecular epidemiology trends of P. aeruginosa should be surveillance at national levels to track their trends and institute the appropriate control strategies.
Thermosuperrepellency of a hot substrate caused by vapour percolation
Authors: Schmidt J. Benedikt , Hofmann Julian , Tenzer Fabian , Breitenbach Jan , Tropea Cameron , Roisman Ilia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Drop rebound after collision with a very hot substrate is usually attributed to the Leidenfrost effect, [1-5] characterized by intensive film boiling in a thin vapour gap between the liquid and substrate.
Similarly, drop impact onto a cold superhydrophobic substrate [6-8] leads to a complete drop rebound, despite partial wetting of the substrate. We have studied the repellent properties of hot smooth hydrophilic substrates in the nucleate boiling, non-Leidenfrost regime and discovered that the thermally induced repellency is associated with vapour percolation on the substrate.
The wetting structure in the presence of the percolating vapour rivulets is analogous to the Cassie-Baxter wetting mode, [9] which is a necessary condition for the repellency in the isothermal case. The theoretical predictions for the threshold temperature for vapour percolation agree well with the experimental data for drop rebound and correspond to the minimum heat flux when spray cooling.
Overexpression of Annexin A2 Promotes Proliferation by Forming a Glypican 1 / c-Myc Positive Feedback Loop: Prognostic Significance in Human Glioma
Authors: Li Xin , Nie Shengdan , Lv Ziyang , Ma Lingran , Song Yuxi , Hu Zhongxu , Hu Xin , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhou Gaoya , Dai Zhijie , Liu Jiajia , Song Tao , Wang Shan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Glioma, with varying malignancy grades, is the most common primary brain tumor. It is urgent to set up a reliable prediction system for the tumor grade and prognosis in glioma patients. We aimed to clarify the complicated crosstalk of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) with Glypican 1 (GPC1) and demonstrate whether combined indexes of ANXA2 and GPC1 could improve the prognostic evaluation for glioma patients.Methods: The role of ANXA2 and GPC1 in proliferation and their relationship were validated in glioma cells. 164 glioma samples were analyzed for association between co-expression of ANXA2 and GPC1 and patient clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results: We found that ANXA2 induced glioma cellular proliferation in a c-Myc-dependent manner. ANXA2 increased the expression of GPC1 via c-Myc and the upregulated GPC1 further promoted the c-Myc level forming a positive feedback loop, which eventually led to enhanced proliferation of glioma cells. Both quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-RCR) and immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA2 was upregulated in glioma tissues and coincided with the overexpression of GPC1. Glioma patients with high both ANXA2 and GPC1 tended to have higher rate of tumor recurrence and shorter overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses revealed that the combination of ANXA2 and GPC1 was an independent prognostic indicator for time to recurrence and OS. Conclusions: The overexpression of ANXA2 promotes proliferation by forming a GPC1/c-Myc positive feedback loop, and ANXA2 and its downstream target GPC1 could be a potential “combination biomarker” for predicting prognosis of glioma.
MiRNA-340-5p Mediates the Functional and Infiltrative Promotion of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Human Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Liu Zhenchuan , Lv Lixin , Li Ping , Liang Aibin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (T-TILs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumor development, and miRNAs regulate tumor cell interactions with the microenvironment. T-TIL-based tumor immunotherapy provides a promising treatment strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MiRNAs tend to be attractive targets for novel antitumor interventions.Methods: Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), CIBERSORT analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify CD8+ T-TIL-related miRNAs. RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), luciferase reporter assay, coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyses were used to detect miRNA, mRNA and protein expression and their combination. The viability and function of CD8+ T cells after stimulation were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cytotoxicity assay, functional avidity assessment, flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. DLBCL cell lines, primary cells and a murine xenograft model established with A20 cell injection were used as in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Results: MiR-340-5p was positively correlated with CD8+ T-TILs in DLBCL patients, and KMT5A was a direct target gene of miR-340-5p. CD8+ T-cell function was significantly enhanced by miR-340-5p mimics both in vitro and in vivo, which was reversed by KMT5A overexpression. We demonstrated that COP1/CD73 was involved in the downstream mechanism of the miR-340-5p/KMT5A axis involving ubiquitination. In vivo, we validated an improved CD8+ T-TIL infiltration rate and tumor suppression with miR-340-5p treatment. Furthermore, miR-340-5p directly regulated the biological activity of DLBCL cells without CD8+ T-cell participation.Conclusions: MiR-340-5p promoted CD8+ T-TIL infiltration and antitumor function by regulating KMT5A and COP1 and further activating CD73 ubiquitination. MiR-340-5p is potentially a novel target for DLBCL immunotherapy.
Real-world Treatment and Associated Healthcare Resource Use Among Migraine Patients in Germany
Authors: Hardtstock Fraence , Katsarava Zaza , Wilke Thomas , Kocaata Zeki , Kirchmann Tim , Maywald Ulf , Eberhardt Alice 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMigraine is still an area of significant unmet therapeutic needs with a high degree of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of patients. This retrospective claims data analysis aimed to describe the acute and prophylactic treatment patterns of German migraine/headache patients as well as associated healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs. MethodsThis retrospective, cohort analysis of German claims data from 2013-2017 included over three million publicly insured patients. Continuously insured adult patients were included if they received at least one inpatient or two confirmed outpatient claims for headache or migraine from 2013-2016. Patients were separated into four main cohorts based on their prophylactic/acute prescription (Rx) medication history in 2017. These four groups included patients receiving: neither acute nor prophylactic Rx (cohort N), only acute Rx (cohort A), only prophylactic Rx (cohort P), and both acute and prophylactic Rx (cohort AP). Baseline characteristics were observed from 2013-2016, while treatment and HCRU/costs were assessed in 2017. ResultsIn total, 199,283 patients were included in this analysis (mean age, 49.49 years; 73.04%, female), among which 9,005 prophylactic therapy starters could be identified during 2014-2015. Overall, 43.47% of the patients included in the study did not receive acute or prophylactic medication in 2017. Approximately 33.81% received only acute treatment, while 9.45% received only prophylactic medication; 13.28% received both. Only 28.90% of patients starting a therapy with prophylactic Rx continued this therapy for at least two years. Generally, HCRU and costs were high in the entire study population, with direct costs ranging from 2,288-7,246€ per year, and indirect costs due to sick-leave ranging from 868-1,859€. ConclusionsDespite experiencing migraine-related hospitalizations and sick-leave, a sizable proportion of patients included in this study only received substantial amounts of acute Rx treatment or no prescribed treatment for migraine whatsoever. Patients who began receiving prophylactic therapy were found to frequently discontinue their therapy early. Thus, there is a high unmet need for the safe, timely, and efficacious use of prophylactic therapies among migraine patients.
A Preliminary Study on Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Yang Yayun , Fan Lingyan , Ye Shuyuan , Lou Kehong , Hua Xin , Huang Zuoan , Shi Qiaoyun , Gao Guosheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, dyslipidemia was observed in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the blood lipid profile in the patients with COVID-19, and explore their predictive value for COVID-19 severity.Methods: 142 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, from January 23 to April 20, 2020, and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were included in this retrospective study. The blood lipid profile in the patients with COVID-19 were investigated, and their predictive values for COVID-19 severity were analysed.Results: There were 125 and 17 cases in the non-severe and severe group, respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gradually decreased across healthy controls, non-severe group, and severe group. ApoA1 was recognized as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity，and had the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) among all the single markers (AUC: 0.896, 95% CI: 0.834-0.941). Moreover, the risk model established using ApoA1 and IL-6 enhanced the prediction efficiency (AUC: 0.977, 95% CI: 0.932-0.995). Conclusion: The blood lipid profile in the patients with COVID-19 is quite abnormal from healthy subjects, especially in the severe cases. Serum ApoA1 might serve as a good indictor to reflect the severity of COVID-19.
Detection of Choroidal Neovascularisation in Flat Irregular Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: en-face Image Combined With Cross-Sectional Image
Authors: Ryu So Jung , Lee Jong Sub , Lee Sang Hyup , Ahn Seong Joon , Lee Byung Ro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disorder characterised by serous detachment of the retina and is associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alteration. Flat irregular pigment epithelium detachment (FIPED) is one of the pigment epithelial detachment (PED) patterns of CSC and it is associated with chronic CSC.This study investigated choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in FIPED with en-face optical coherence topography angiography (OCTA) and cross-sectional OCTA, to evaluate the incidence of CNV and compare the efficacy of each method. Methods: We retrospectively studied OCT and OCTA images of 328 eyes with CSC. OCTA B-scans and macular cube were primarily reviewed for the detection of FIPED and CNV. En-face OCTA and cross-sectional OCTA with Angio-B view, which is an image that combines an OCT B-scan with a flow signal were analysed to evaluate the presence of CNV in FIPED.Results: CNV was observed in 23 eyes on en-face OCTA and 21 eyes on cross-sectional OCTA, among 93 eyes of 88 patients with FIPED. There were eight discrepant cases, in which result of en-face OCTA was not equal to that of cross-sectional OCTA. Conclusions: The CNV and FIPED lesions were well detected on cross-sectional and en-face OCTA. Integration of these two methods can potentially improve the utility and diagnostic accuracy of OCTA.
Broadband giant nonlinear response from electrically tunable polaritonic metasurfaces
Authors: Yu Jaeyeon , Park Seongjin , Hwang Inyong , Kim Daeik , Demmerle Frederic , Boehm Gerhard , Amann Markus-Christian , Belkin Mikhail , Lee Jongwon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Optically-thin nonlinear polaritonic metasurfaces created by coupling of intersubband nonlinearities in semiconductor heterostructures with optical modes in nanoresonators have recently demonstrated efficient three-wave-mixing at very low pumping intensities of the order of few tens of kW cm-2. In these subwavelength structures, the efficiency and the spectral bandwidth of the wave mixing depends solely on nonlinearity of the constituent meta-atoms. Here we exploit this property to demonstrate an electrically-tunable nonlinear metasurface that combines a plasmonic nanocavity and a quantum-engineered semiconductor heterostructure, in which the magnitude and the spectral characteristics of the nonlinear response are controlled by bias voltage through the quantum-confined Stark effect. We demonstrate tuning the peak second-harmonic-generation (SHG) efficiency in the range of 8.7 – 10.75 μm and modulation of SHG intensity at a fixed pump wavelength by applying bias voltage. An SHG power conversion efficiency of 0.082 % was achieved using a peak pump intensity of only 80 kW cm-2.
Diagnosis Prediction of Tumours of Unknown Origin Using Immunogenius, A Machine Learning-based Expert Support System for Immunohistochemistry Profile Interpretation
Authors: Chong Yosep , Lee Ji Young , Thakur Nishant , Hwang Gyoyeon , Choi Myungjin , Kim Yejin , Yu Hwanjo , Cho Mee Yon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of pathological diseases. This technique has been supporting pathologists in making precise decisions regarding differential diagnosis and subtyping, and in creating personalized treatment plans. However, the interpretation of IHC results presents challenges in complicated cases. Furthermore, rapidly increasing amounts of IHC data are making it even harder for pathologists to reach to definitive conclusions. MethodsWe developed ImmunoGenius, a machine-learning-based expert support system for the pathologist, to support the diagnosis of tumors of unknown origin. Based on the Bayesian theorem, we developed the reactive native mobile application for iOS and Android platform. ImmunoGenius include the IHC profile of 584 antibodies in 2009 neoplasms. ResultsWe trained the software using 634 real case data, validated it with 382 case data, and compared the precision hit rate. Precision hit rate of the training dataset was 78.5 % and the hit rate of the validation dataset was 78.0%, which showed no significant difference. The main reason for discordant precision was lack of disease-specific IHC markers and overlapping IHC profiles observed in similar diseases.ConclusionThe results of this study showed a potential that the machine-learning algorithm based expert system can support the pathologic diagnosis by providing second opinion on IHC interpretation based on IHC database. Incorporation with contextual data including the clinical and histological findings might be required to elaborate the system in the future.
Observations on echocardiographic findings in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Khan Ahsan A , James Sunil , Yuan Mengshi , Woolery Latoya , Huppertz Nina , Rahman Mushidur , Varma Chetan , Apostolakis Stavros , Sharma Vinoda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has created global havoc by causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 varies from troponin rise or arrhythmia/myocarditis to fulminant cardiogenic shock. There is limited data on echocardiographic findings in such patients. We aimed to assess abnormal echocardiographic findings and contributory factors in patients with COVID-19.Methods We performed retrospective analysis of COVID-19 positive patients who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) at Sandwell and West Birmingham (SWBH) NHS Trust between March 2020 and May 2020. Patients were compared based on TTE changes and divided into two groups (abnormal TTE and normal TTE).Results 66 out of 463 patients with COVID-19 had a TTE. 46 patients (69.7%) had abnormal findings on their TTE. Tricuspid regurgitation was the most common abnormality observed (26 (56.5%) patients), followed by aortic regurgitation (13 (28.3%) patients) and mitral regurgitation (12 (26.1%) patients). Haemoglobin and LDH were predictors of abnormal TTE (Hb OR: 0.97, p = 0.049, LDH, OR: 1.00, p = 0.03). Significantly more patients in the abnormal TTE group died during their inpatient stay compared to normal TTE (p = 0.01). Having an abnormal TTE was an independent predictor of death on regression analysis (OR: 0.229, p = 0.034).Conclusions This is the first detailed observational study looking at echocardiographic changes in admitted COVID-19 patients irrespective of disease severity. The most common abnormality was valve regurgitation. Patients with abnormal TTE were more likely to die in hospital.
Comprehensive Analysis of Competitive Endogenous Rnas Network Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wan jiahui , Wang Xiuli , Zhao Fusheng , Jiang Ying , Ma Wei , Jiang Shijun , He Zikang , Wang Xiaojin , Cui Rongjun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidences show that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays the role of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the development and progression of cancers. The purpose of our study was to identify potential lncRNA biomarkers that serve as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in HCC.Methods: The differential expression of RNAs was examined using the edgeR package. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to predict potential functions. Survival analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed to predict ceRNA network had significant prognostic value. The biological functions of MYLK-AS1 on HCC cells were studied by RNA interference approaches in vitro. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay, wound healing and transwell assay relatively. The mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were predicted and verified by bioinformatic analysis, western blot analysis and luciferase assays.Results: The newly constructed ceRNA network comprised 76 HCC specific lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 35 mRNAs from the database (Targetscan, miRTarBase, and miRDB). 10 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 10 differentially expressed mRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival in HCC (P value < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis results showed the differentially expressed mRNAs were involved primarily in the most significant cancer-related signaling pathways. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that MYLK-AS1—has-mir-424—CCNE1 ceRNA network had significant prognostic value. The expression of MYLK-AS1 was up-regulated in HCC cells and tissues. Biological function analyses indicated that down-regulation of MYLK-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion . MYLK-AS1 and miR-424-5p bound directly and reversibly to each other. MYLK-AS1 could positively regulate CCNE1 expression by competitively binding to miR-424-5p. Conclusion: The current study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-related ceRNA network in HCC and the MYLK-AS1 may be a candidate biomarker for molecular diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of HCC.
Analyses of displacement of the heart and its substructures caused by cardiac movement and identification of compensatory margins based on breath-hold electrocardiograph-gated 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for oesophageal radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Fu Chengrui , Gong Guanzhong , Zhang Jing , Wang Qian , Liu Chengxin , Li Baosheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiac movement can affect the accuracy of the evaluation of the location of heart and its substructures by planning computed tomography (CT). We aimed to measure the margin displacement and calculate compensatory margins through breath-hold electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) for oesophageal radiotherapy.Methods: The study enrolled 10 patients with oesophageal radiotherapy plans and pretreatment 4D-MRI data. The displacement of the heart and its substructures was measured between the end of the systolic and diastolic phases in one cardiac cycle. The compensatory margins were calculated by extending the planning CT to cover the internal target volume (ITV) of all structures. Differences between groups were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results: The extent of movement of the heart and its substructures during one cardiac cycle were approximately 4.0-26.1 mm in the anterior-posterior (AP),left-right (LR), and cranial-caudal (CC) axes, and the compensatory margins should be applied to the planning CT by extending the margins by 1.7, 3.6, 1.8, 3.0, 2.1, and 2.9 mm for the pericardium, 1.2, 2.5, 1.0, 2.8, 1.8, and 3.3 mm for the heart, 3.8, 3.4, 3.1, 2.8, 0.9, and 2.0 mm for the interatrial septum, 3.3, 4.9, 2.0, 4.1, 1.1, and 2.9 mm for the interventricular septum, 2.2, 3.0, 1.1, 5.3, 1.8, and 2.4 mm for the left ventricular muscle (LVM), 5.9, 3.4, 2.1, 6.1, 5.4, and 3.6 mm for the antero-lateral papillary muscle (ALPM), and 6.6, 2.9, 2.6, 6.6, 3.9, and 4.8 mm for the postero-medial papillary muscle (PMPM) in the anterior, posterior, left, right, cranial, and caudal directions.Conclusions: The locations of the heart and its substructures determined by planning CT were not able to represent the true positions due to cardiac movement, and compensatory margins can be applied to decrease the influence of movement.