bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Ti Surfaces with Electrochemical Nanopattern Formation
Authors: Kim Doohun 
Published: December 2020

To increase bone regeneration around a titanium implant, nanopattern surfaces with 10 nm nanopores in 120 nm dimples were produced by electrochemical nanopattern formation (ENF) [1].
The ENF surfaces were obtained by removing the TiO2 nanotube layers prepared by an anodization process. To determine the effect of the ENF surface in vitro, cell proliferation assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays, Alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were performed. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the ENF surface had an ultrafine surface roughness with highly aligned nanoporous morphology. In vitro, human mesenchymal stem cells exhibited increased cell proliferation and enhanced expression of osteogenic molecules such as ALP, osteopontin, and osteocalcin on ENF surfaces compared to the TiO2 nanotube surfaces.
In this presentation, the performance of ENF surfaces for an osteointegrative implant material will be discussed.
(Invited) Mining Microbes to Engineer Novel Biosensor Devices
Authors: Kuzmanovic Uros , Ortiz Luis , Baer R , Grazon Chloe , Chen Mingfu , Addokhi Abdurrahman , Bono Michael , Charles Roger , Sankar Karthika , Petherbridge Rachel , Densmore Doug , Allen Karen , Klapperich Catherine M. , Grinstaff Mark W , Galagan James 
Published: December 2020

We have developed a strategy for biosensor engineering that leverages an enormous and untapped reservoir for portable and inexpensive sensing parts: microbes. Microbes have evolved over 3 billion years to detect an array of stimuli relevant to biology, biotechnology, and our environment. They do so via proteins that have several desirable characteristics including: (1) they are already miniaturized and therefore portable, (2) they are inexpensive to generate with standard cloning techniques, (3) they can respond rapidly and with high sensitivity and specificity, and (5) they can be integrated into low cost electronic devices.
Our strategy employs genomics and functional assays to screen microbial samples for sensor proteins specific for a target analyte, and to isolate the genes for these proteins. In addition to screening isolated single bacteria, our methods enable metagenomic screening of the full diversity of any microbiome, including unculturable and unidentified bacteria. Once harvested, proteins are optimized for their sensing characteristics using protein engineering, directed evolution, and computational modeling. We then develop these proteins into sensor devices using existing and novel transduction approaches.
The talk will describe our screening approach and its application to the development of multiple sensors from two broad classes of microbial proteins: allosteric transcription factors and redox enzymes. The sensors discovered and developed through our approach can be readily deployed into a range of applications for portable, real-time, and inexpensive biosensing. The talk will preview our ongoing work to deploy our novel sensors into a wearable device for sweat and interstitial fluid monitoring.

Figure 1
Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposite Coating with High Ionic Conductivity and Transference Number for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Fu Chengyin , Battaglia Corsin 
Published: December 2020

Lithium metal is an ideal candidate for battery anodes due to its high specific capacity (3860 mAh g–1) and low electrochemical potential (–3.04 V). However, non-uniform lithium electrodeposition causes low Coulombic efficiency, poor cycling stability, potential safety issues, and has hindered the commercialization of lithium metal batteries at scale. The parasitic reaction of lithium metal with liquid electrolytes results in the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). During cycling, the SEI tends to break continuously, exposing unreacted lithium metal to the electrolyte. This not only promotes non-uniform lithium plating and stripping, but also leads to further SEI formation, which consumes the liquid electrolyte. In addition, the detachment of dendritic lithium from the bulk lithium electrode produces electrically isolated 'dead' lithium during lithium stripping, which no longer participates in the cell reaction. Dendritic lithium and 'dead' lithium formed during cycling largely increase the surface area of the lithium metal anode and consequently accelerates electrolyte consumption. These mechanisms lead to rapid capacity fading and cell failure due to either the complete consumption of the electrolyte or the complete conversion of the lithium metal anode to 'dead' lithium. The formation of lithium metal dendrites can also causes abrupt cell short circuit, which results in thermal runaway. Therefore, a stable interface on lithium metal electrode that enables uniform lithium electrodeposition is the key for the development of lithium metal batteries.
Here, we report a nanocomposite coating for the lithium metal protection, which consists of nano-sized LiF particles embedded into a PEO polymer matrix as shown in the inset of the following figure. The nano-sized LiF particles ensure high interface area, which provides lithium-ion pathway throughout the composite. The LiF/PEO nanocomposite coating offers exceptionally high ionic conductivity of 0.97 mS cm–1 and high lithium-ion transference number of 0.77 at room temperature in contact with a carbonate-based liquid electrolyte. Both properties are key to realize uniform lithium plating and stripping and prevent lithium dendrite formation. Lithium metal electrodes coated with this protective coating enable stable lithium plating and stripping at 1 mA cm–2 for over 1000 h. As shown in the following figure, a full cell with the coated lithium metal anode and a NMC622 cathode with an areal capacity of 1 mAh cm–2 shows much improved specific capacity and cycling stability. The cell exhibits a high initial capacity of 135 mAh g–1 and a capacity retention of 83% after 500 cycles at 1 mA cm–2. Even at a high current density of 3 mA cm–2, the full cell shows an initial capacity of 125 mAh g–1 and a capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles.

Figure 1
Conducting Polymer Composites As Multifunctional Electrode Matrices for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Van At 
Published: December 2020

The rising number of lithium-ion battery cells fabricated to power electric vehicles has raised concerns about the environmental impacts of battery electrode fabrication process. Typically, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent is used to blend active materials and electrode matrices, which are normally polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon-black (PVDF/C) mixtures. The use of NMP solvent, however, requires extensive energy for electrode drying and toxic solvent recovery. In addition, the PVDF/C electrode matrix offers weak interactions with active materials, which results in poor morphological integrity and rapid capacity fading, especially for high-volume-change electrode materials. Using water-processable binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has been proven to enable a greener electrode-casting process as well as improve electrode performance. However, the electrical conductivity of these electrodes relies mainly on carbon additives, which are subjected to agglomeration and volumetric-capacity reduction. In this study, new electrode matrices are developed from in situ polymerized polypyrrole:carboxymethyl-cellulose (PPy:CMC) composites with water-processable and electrical-conductive features. By forming a composite structure in which CMC acts as an anionic dopant for PPy conducting polymer, the PPy:CMC composites show good electrical conductivity, allowing them to be used as mono-component electrode matrices. As a result, carbon-additive-free LiCoO2/PPy:CMC electrodes can cycle at different C-rate. More importantly, the PPy:CMC composites enable aqueous slurry electrode casting, addressing the environmental pollution associated with NMP solvent utilization. The study introduces another potential application of conducting polymer composites in Li-ion batteries.
Keywords: aqueous electrode casting, conducting polymers, polypyrrole.
Impact of Nickel on Next-Generation Li-Rich Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ting Michelle , McCalla Eric 
Published: December 2020

As developments in lithium-ion batteries have focused on improving energy density, cycle life, and reducing cost, an important class of layered oxides with excess lithium, Li[Li,Ni,Mn,Co]O2, has been heavily studied as a next-generation electrode material. However, our limited understanding of the underlying electrochemical mechanisms hinders our ability to mitigate the negative impacts of these mechanisms, and has to date prevented commercialization. Previous studies have shown that these materials show a myriad of simultaneous mechanisms including changes in the nickel oxidation state, reversible oxygen redox accounting for capacities exceeding the theoretical limit1, oxygen gas release decreasing cycle efficiency2, as well as structural transformations leading to voltage fade3. Due to this complex mixture of electrochemical processes, model systems have been used extensively to observe these processes one at a time.
This work on model systems is continued here by studying materials that show both nickel and oxygen redox but no structural transformations during cycling. This builds on work performed on Li-Fe-Sb-O and Li-Fe-Te-O where oxygen gas release was found to reduce Fe during charging of the electrode, an unexpected observation that has not been seen in other materials until the present study4. Given that nickel, and not iron, is of interest for next-generation materials, herein we use Li-Ni-Sb-O and Li-Ni-Te-O as model systems to better understand the electrochemical consequences of combining Ni and O redox processes during cycling. Herein, we show extensive electrochemical tests, ex-situ powder X-ray diffraction, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Results show limited oxygen release takes place from the particle surfaces only, coupled with a marked contrast between the nickel oxidation states at the surface (as seen by XPS) and those of the bulk of the particles (seen with XANES). XPS data also demonstrates a reduction of surface nickel during oxygen gas release, confirming that the mechanism identified with Li-Fe-Sb-O does in fact occur in Ni-containing materials, though this is limited to the particle surface. Despite this surface effect, the reversibility of the nickel in the bulk is lost resulting in poor long-term cycling. Given that a great deal of work is currently being done to maximize the amount of nickel in next-generation electrode material, the consequences of nickel use in Li-rich oxides observed here are of high importance to further our understanding of these important materials.
References
1. McCalla, E. et al, Science 2015, 350 (6267), 1516.
2. Jung, R. et al, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2017, 164 (7), A1361-A1377.
3. Gallagher, K. G et al, Electrochemistry Communications 2013, 33, 96-98.
4. McCalla, E. et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015, 137 (14), 4804-4814.
Critical Factors Dictating Reversibility of the Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Ma Lin , Schroeder Marshall A. , Pollard Travis P , Borodin Oleg , Ding Michael S , Sun Ruimin , Cao Longsheng , Ho Janet , Baker David R , Wang Chunsheng , Xu Kang 
Published: December 2020

With high energy density and improved safety, rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc (Zn) metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium ion intercalation/alloying anode materials; however, the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn plating/stripping, induced by parasitic reactions with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, presently limits the practical appeal of these systems1. Although recent efforts in rechargeable Zn metal batteries (RZMBs) have achieved certain advancements in Zn metal reversibility2,3, as quantified by the Coulombic efficiency (CE), a standard protocol for CE has not been established, and results across chemistries and systems are often conflicting. More importantly, there is still an insufficient understanding regarding the critical factors dictating Zn reversibility.
In this work, a rigorous, established protocol for determining CE of lithium metal anodes4 is transplanted to the Zn chemistry and is used for systematically examining how a series of factors including current collector chemistry, current density, temperature, and the upper voltage limit during stripping affect the measured reversibility of different Zn electrolytes. With support from density functional theory calculations, this standardized Zn CE protocol is then leveraged to identify an important correlation between electrolyte solvation strength toward Zn2+ and the measured Zn CE in the corresponding electrolyte, providing new guidance for future development and evaluation of Zn electrolytes.

Figure 1 shows a schematic of proposed method, including initial results for some of the most promising Zn electrolytes reported in the literature. The capability of supporting Zn plating/stripping is differentiated clearly among these selected Zn electrolytes here.
Reference
1. Blanc, L. E., Kundu, D. & Nazar, L. F. Scientific Challenges for the Implementation of Zn-Ion Batteries. Joule
4, 771–799 (2020).
2. Wang, F. et al. Highly reversible zinc metal anode for aqueous batteries. Nat. Mater.
17, 543–549 (2018)
3. Naveed, A., Yang, H., Yang, J., Nuli, Y. & Wang, J. Highly Reversible and Rechargeable Safe Zn Batteries Based on a Triethyl Phosphate Electrolyte. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed.
58, 2760–2764 (2019).
4. Adams, B. D., Zheng, J., Ren, X., Xu, W. & Zhang, J.-G. Accurate Determination of Coulombic Efficiency for Lithium Metal Anodes and Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater.
8, 1702097 (2018).

Figure 1
Designing a Li-Metal Battery That Survives Practical Operating Conditions
Authors: Park Seongjin , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: December 2020

Rechargeable Li-metal batteries using LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 cathode (Li/NCM battery) have a great consideration as the most promising candidates for future high-energy batteries. Despite recent efforts, development of practical Li/NCM battery remains a enormous challenge due to the limited understanding of where efficiency improvements can be made. Herein, we propose the new customizing approach to realizing the practical Li/NCM battery. We suggest the novel methodology to maximize the Li-metal stability by forming a stable solid electrolyte (SEI) layer through in-situ and ex-situ route. The electrolyte comprises 1M LiPF6 and 0.05M lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) dissolved in the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) solution induced robust and ion conductive inorganic-organic combination such as LiF, Li2CO3, and cross-linked oligomeric borate in SEI layer via in-situ electrochemical reaction. In addition, LiNO3 treatment on Li-metal anode induce Li2O-rich SEI layer via ex-situ route, providing the mechanical strength to maintain the SEI layer from breakdown against to dendritic Li growth at high current density. Finally, the rupture and pulverization issues of commercial Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 cathode in practical loading of LMBs are surmounted by benchmarking a 2mol % Al-doped Ni-rich (Li[Ni0.73Co0.10Mn0.15Al0.02]O2) full concentration gradient (Al2-FCG75) cathode. As a result, the Li/CNM battery based on stabilized Li-metal anode with suitable electrolyte solution and Al2-FCG75 cathode delivers high areal capacity of 4.1 mAh cm-2 and the best cycling stability over 300 cycles at an extremely high current density of 3.6 mA cm-2 in reported LMBs to date.
Reference

S.-J. Park, J.-Y. Hwang, C. S. Yoon, H.-G. Jung andY.-K. Sun, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2018, 10, 17985.

S. H. Lee, J.-Y. Hwang, S.-J. Park, G.-T. Park and Y.-K. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater.
2019, 29, 1902496.

S. H. Lee, J.-Y. Hwang, J. Ming, Z. Cao, H. A. Nguyen, H.-G. Jung, J. Kim and Y.-K. Sun, Adv. Energy Mater.
2020, 2000567
Advanced Fluorinated Electrolytes Supporting High-Energy Lithium Batteries with Ni-Rich Cathodes
Authors: Deng Tao , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: December 2020

Developing new electrolytes that cater to the needs of lithium anode and Ni-rich cathodes is critical for next-generation battery technologies with high energy density and enhanced safety. Although significant advances have been made in non-aqueous electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability window (ESW), the performance of lithium battery is still not comparable to that of commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the notorious reactivity of metallic lithium as well as the catalytic nature of high-voltage cathode. Such situations require rational design of advanced electrolytes and mechanistic understanding on interphase formation for stabilizing the electrolyte-electrode interfaces and supporting the next-generation battery chemistries beyond LIB technology.
In the presentation, I will introduce the design and development of nonflammable fluorinated electrolytes (NFEs) in Prof. Chunsheng Wang group. We demonstrated that the NFEs with wide ESW are able to form thin fluorinated interphase on both Li anode and high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes, thus leading to high efficiencies of Li-metal plating/stripping (> 99.2%) for a 5 V cathode LiCoPO4 (~99.81%) and a Ni-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (~99.93%).[1] Meanwhile, the NFEs with LiDFOB additive enables high-energy cobalt-free LiNiO2 (LNO) cathode to achieve a good cycle life.[2] The in-situ-formed F, B-rich interphase is proved to protect the LNO from continuous reactions with electrolyte and suppress the structural transformation from layered to disordered rock-salt (NiO) phase. Further study found that the non-polar fluorinated solvent could help maintain the high Li-ion conductivity of NFEs even under -125 oC, thus enable good cycling of all-temperature Li metal batteries operating from -80 to +70 oC.[3] The key findings on NFEs system provide a new avenue towards high-energy and safe Li metal batteries with wide operational temperature range.

References:

[1] X. Fan, L. Chen, O. Borodin, X. Ji, J. Chen, S. Hou, T. Deng, J. Zheng, C. Yang, S. Liou, K. Amine, K. Xu, C. Wang,
Nat.

Nanotechnol.
, (2018) 1.
[2] T. Deng, X. Fan, L. Cao, J. Chen, S. Hou, X. Ji, L. Chen, S. Li, X. Zhou, E. Hu, D. Su, X. Yang, C. Wang,
Joule
, 3 (2019) 2550.
[3] X. Fan, X. Ji, L. Chen, J. Chen, T. Deng, F. Han, J. Yue, N. Piao, R. Wang, X. Zhou, X. Xiao, L. Chen, C. Wang,
Nat. Energy
, 4 (2019) 882.
Composite Paam-Based Hydrogel Electrolyte for Hybrid Aqueous (Zn-Li-ion) Battery
Authors: Zhanadilov Orynbay , Beisbayeva Zhanna , Amze Magzhan , Bakenov Zhumabay , Mentbayeva Almagul 
Published: December 2020

Hybrid aqueous rechargeable batteries are very attractive alternative to conventional rechargeable lithium ion batteries for stationary application because of production and usage safety, reduced production cost and environmental friendliness. Previously aqueous rechargeable batteries with Zn/LiCl-ZnCl2/LiFePO4 system with liquid electrolyte has been reported [1]. The system performed a high rate capability up to 60 C with the average operation voltage 1.2 V and cycling performance with a capacity retention of 80 % over 400 cycles at 6 C.
However, there are several drawbacks including water decomposition and zinc dendrite formation hindering the commercialization [1]. The present study aimed to develop a PAAm-based hydrogel electrolyte with inclusion of montmorillonite and halloysite clay nanoparticles for hybrid aqueous rechargeable zinc/lithium ion batteries to overcome above mentioned problems. Polyacrylamide hydrogel was chosen because of its high ionic conductivity, high water content and simple fabrication method in which cross-linking degree, thickness, etc. were optimized. Inclusion of clay could improve mechanical stability of hydrogel electrolyte, prevent water decomposition and dendrite formation.
All tests performed in Zn/LiFePO4 cell operating in an optimized LiCl/ZnCl2 aqueous electrolyte based hydrogel.

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Faculty-development competitive research grant “Development of safe and high performance flexible Li-ion batteries” #110119DF4514 from Nazarbayev University.

References

N.Yesbolati, N.Umirov, A.Koishybay, M.Omarova, I.Kurmanbayeva, Y.Zhang,

Y.Zhao, Z.Bakenov. Electrochimica Acta, 152 (2015), 505–511.
Application of Artificial Interphase on Highly Active NCM811 Cathode Materials
Authors: Chang Yu-Hsiu , Chang Chao-Peng , Yu Ching-Hao , Wu Hung-Chun , Wu Nae-Lih (Nick) 
Published: December 2020

The Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 layered oxide (NCM811) is a kind of high-capacity cathode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. However, due to the high Ni content, NCM811 becomes very active and unstable, especially under high temperature environment. This is the reason why NCM811 cathodes often suffer from electrolyte decomposition and then generate a SEI layer on the surface during charge-discharge cycling.
To solve the unstable problems of NCM811, this work is to construct a layer of fluorinated soft artificial interphase on the surface of the NCM811 electrode material by means of simple and convenient polymer-coating and partial-thermal-treatment. When the surface becomes more hydrophobic, the less moisture in the air will adsorb, and it avoids the detrimental reaction with the electrolyte. Also, the coating reacts to some extent with the residue lithium to form lithium fluoride and stabilizes the surface. Electron-conductive additive was added as electron channel to enhance the overall performance of intercalation/deintercalation. The results demonstrate that the artificial surface layer led to substantial improvement in cycle stability.
(This work is supported by Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan.)