bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantation of Sacral Nerve Stimulator Without Rhizotomy for Neurogenic Bladder in Patient With Spinal Cord Injury: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ehsanian Reza , Creasey Graham , Elliott Christopher S , Abu-Eid Cherine A , Ali Arshad , Prutton Michael , Singh Harminder 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There are approximately 12 000 new individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) each year, and close to 200 000 individuals live with a SCI-related disability in the United States. The majority of patients with SCI have bladder dysfunction as a result of their injury, with over 75% unable to void volitionally following their injury. In patients with traumatic SCI, intermittent catheterization is commonly recommended, but a lack of adherence to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) has been observed, with up to 50% discontinuing CIC within 5 yr of injury. The Finetech Brindley Bladder System (FBBS) is an implantable sacral nerve stimulator for improving bladder function in patients with SCI, avoiding the need for CIC. The FDA-approved implantation (Humanitarian Device Exemption H980008) of the FBBS is combined with a posterior rhizotomy to reduce reflex contraction of the bladder, improving continence. However, the posterior rhizotomy is irreversible and has unwanted effects; therefore, the current FDA-approved implantation is being studied without rhizotomy as part of a clinical trial (Investigational Device Exemption G150201) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02978638). In this video, we present a case of a 66-yr-old female who presented 40-yr status post-T12 SCI, resulting in complete paraplegia and neurogenic bladder not satisfactorily controlled with CIC. We demonstrate the operative steps to complete the implantation of the device without rhizotomy in the first patient enrolled as part of the clinical trial Electrical Stimulation for Continence After SCI (NCT02978638). Appropriate IRB and patient consent were obtained.
Double-Nerve Transfer to the Axillary Nerve in Traumatic Upper Trunk Brachial Plexus Injuries Using an Axillary Approach: Anatomical Description and Preliminary Case Series
Authors: Lafosse Thibault , Gerosa Thibault , Serane Julien , Bouyer Michael , Masmejean Emmanuel H , Le Hanneur Malo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Restoration of shoulder external rotation remains challenging in patients with C5/C6 brachial plexus injuries (BPI).

OBJECTIVE
To describe a double-nerve transfer to the axillary nerve (AN), targeting both its anterior and posterior motor branches, through an axillary route.

METHODS
A total of 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric brachial plexuses were dissected. Using an axillary approach, the infraclavicular brachial plexus terminal branches were exposed, including the axillary, ulnar, and radial nerves. Under microscopic magnification, the triceps long head motor branch (TLHMB), anteromedial fascicles of the ulnar nerve (UF), the anterior motor branch of the axillary nerve (AAMB), and the teres minor motor branch (TMMB) were dissected and transected to simulate 2 nerve transfers, THLMB-AAMB and UF-TMMB. Several anatomical criteria were assessed, including the overlaps between fascicles when placed side-by-side. Six patients with C5/C6 BPI were then operated on using this technique.

RESULTS
TLHMB-AAMB and UF-TMMB transfers could be simulated in all specimens, with mean overlaps of 37.1 mm and 6.5 mm, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 23 mo, all patients had recovered grade-3 strength or more in the deltoid and teres minor muscles. Mean active shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation with the arm 90° abducted were of 128°, 117°, and 51°, respectively. No postoperative motor deficit was found in the UF territory.

CONCLUSION
A double-nerve transfer, based on radial and ulnar fascicles, appears to be an adequate option to reanimate both motor branches of the AN, providing satisfactory shoulder active elevations and external rotation in C5/C6 BPI patients.
Modifiable Factors Associated With Poststroke Physical Activity at Discharge From Rehabilitation: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Thilarajah Shamala , Bower Kelly J , Pua Yong-Hao , Tan Dawn , Williams Gavin , Larik Ashfaq , Bok Chek-Wai , Koh Gerald , Clark Ross A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
People with stroke are not meeting recommended levels of physical activity. The modifiable factors associated with poststroke physical activity levels need to be identified to develop targeted interventions.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation that are associated with physical activity levels at 3 months following discharge.

Design
This was a prospective cohort study.

Methods
Sixty-four people with stroke completed baseline assessments at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and 55 completed the follow-up 3 months later. The candidate factors (ie, gait speed, balance, strength, cognition, mood, and motivation) were measured at discharge. The primary outcome measure at follow-up was walking-related activity (measured by wrist-worn accelerometer). Secondary outcome measures were physical activity participation (Activity Card Sort) and intensity of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short 7 days). Adjusted separate multivariable linear regression models or proportional odds regression models were used to evaluate the associations between candidate factors and physical activity.

Results
Gait speed and balance were associated with all aspects of physical activity. Higher level of intrinsic motivation was also associated with higher physical activity participation. Anxiety demonstrated a significant nonlinear relationship with physical activity participation.

Limitations
Inclusion of fatigue and individual muscle strength could have provided further insights into associations with steps per day.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated that better physical function at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation was associated with future increased levels of physical activity. Additionally, higher levels of motivation impacted on increased physical activity participation. The influence of anxiety on physical activity participation requires further exploration. Mixed-method study designs can be utilized to further understand the factors associated with poststroke physical activity.
Comparative study of the effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on the metabolism of human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Huang Yan , Lü Xiaoying , Chen Rong , Chen Ye 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to explore the effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs) with different cytotoxicities on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) at the metabolic level. First, ∼20 nm of GNPs and SNPs were prepared, and their effects on the proliferation of HDFs were evaluated. Then, a metabolomics technique was used to analyse the effects of GNPs and SNPs on the expression profiles of metabolites in HDFs after 4, 8 and 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, the key metabolites and key metabolic pathways involved in the interaction of GNPs and SNPs with HDFs were identified through expression pattern analysis and metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites and were finally verified by experiments. The results of the cytotoxicity experiments showed that there was no cytotoxicity after the treatment of GNPs for 72 h, while the cytotoxicity of the SNPs reached grade 1 after 72 h. By using metabolomics analysis, 29, 30 and 27 metabolites were shown to be differentially expressed in HDFs after GNP treatment, while SNPs induced the differential expression of 13, 33 and 22 metabolites after 4, 8 and 24 h of treatment, respectively. Six and four candidate key metabolites in the GNP and SNP groups were identified by expression pattern analysis and metabolic pathway analysis, respectively. The key metabolic pathways in the GNP and SNP groups were identified as the glutathione metabolic pathway (the key metabolite of which was glutathione) and the citrate cycle pathway (the key metabolite of which was malic acid). Based on the experiments used to verify the key metabolites and key metabolic pathways, it was found that the increase in glutathione after GNP treatment might trigger an oxidative stress protection mechanism and thus avoid cytotoxicity. After exposure to SNPs, the citric acid content was increased, mainly through the citrate cycle pathway, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of malic acid to affect the formation of ATP and finally leading to cytotoxicity.
Candida albicans aspects of binary titanium alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Shuyang , Tsoi James K H , Tsang Peter C S , Park Yeong-Joon , Song Ho-Jun , Matinlinna Jukka P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical devices, e.g. implants, due to its biocompatibility and osseointegration ability. In fact, fungal (Candida spp.) infection has been identified as one of the key reasons causing the failure of the device that is inevitable and impactful to the society. Thus, this study evaluated the surface morphology, surface chemical composition and Candida albicans adhesion on specimens of 16 binary Ti-alloys (∼5 wt% of any one of the alloy elements: Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sn, V and Zr) compared with cp-Ti, targeting to seek for the binary Ti-alloys which has the lowest C. albicans infection. Candida albicans cultures were grown on the specimens for 48 h, and colony forming units (CFUs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of C. albicans biofilm on all specimens’ surfaces, such that CFU results showed Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have less C. albicans formed on the surfaces than cp-Ti. RT-PCR showed Ti-Zr and Ti-Cu have significantly higher C. albicans DNA concentrations than Ti-Al and Ti-V (P &lt; 0.05), whereas Ti-Cu has even showed a statistically higher concentration than Ti-Au, Ti-Co, Ti-In and Ti-Pt (P &lt; 0.05). This study confirmed that Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have lower the occurrence of C. albicans which might be clinically advantageous for medical devices, but Ti-Cu should be used in caution.
The observed difference of macrophage phenotype on different surface roughness of mineralized collagen
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yu-Jue , Lv Zhao-Yong , Liu Kun , Meng Chun-Xiu , Zou Bo , Li Ke-Yi , Liu Feng-Zhen , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Biomaterials regulate macrophages and promote regeneration function, which is a new hot pot in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The research based on macrophage materials biology has appeared happy future, but related research on regulating macrophages and promoting tissue regeneration is still in its infancy. The surface roughness of biomaterials is one of the important factors affecting macrophage behavior. Previous study also found that the surface roughness of many biomaterials regulating macrophage polarization, but not including mineralized collagen (MC). In this study, we designed and fabricated MC with different roughness and investigated the influence of MC with different roughness on macrophages. In the study, we found that on the rough surface of MC, macrophages exhibited M1 phenotype-amoeboid morphology and high-level secretory of inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), while smoother surface exhibited M2 phenotype. These data will be beneficial to understand the mechanism deeply and enrich biomaterials tissue regeneration theory, provide a new train of thought biomaterials inducing tissue regeneration and repair and guide the optimum design of new biomaterials, development and reasonable applications.
Innovation system formation in international development cooperation: The role of intermediaries in urban sanitation
Authors: van Welie Mara J , Boon Wouter P C , Truffer Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The transformation of urban basic service sectors towards more sustainability is one of the ‘grand challenges’ for public policy, globally. A particular urgent problem is the provision of sanitation in cities in low-income countries. The globally dominant centralised sewerage approach has proven incapable to reach many of the urban poor. Recently, an increasing number of actors in international development cooperation has started to develop alternative safely managed non-grid approaches. We approach their efforts as an emerging ‘global innovation system’ and investigate how its development can be supported by systemic intermediaries. We analyse the activities of the ‘Sustainable Sanitation Alliance’, an international network that coordinates activities in the sanitation sector and thereby supports this innovation system. The findings show how demand ing it is to fulfil an intermediary role in a global innovation system, because of the need to consider system processes at different scales, in each phase of system building.
Efficacy of Bronchoalveolar Lavage as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Neonatal Severe Pneumonia: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhao Hui-Rong , Wei Hua-Li , Chen Chen , Qiu Ru-Xin , Ren Xiao-Ling , Zhang Li , Gao Yue-Qiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the treatment of neonatal severe pneumonia (NSP).

Methods
One hundred patients with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups, the BAL and control groups, with 50 patients in each group. In the BAL group, normal saline was instilled into the endotracheal tube for BAL. Before and after lavage, lung ultrasound (LUS) monitoring was performed to observe the lung pathological changes. Conventional treatment was administered in the control group. The need for and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, the complication rate, the duration and cost of hospitalization and the mortality rate were compared between the two groups.

Results
The results of this study showed that there were 35 (70%) patients who meet the indications of the invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at admission in the BAL group, while there were only 15 (30%) patients still requiring IMV after BAL therapy. The duration of IMV was 41.7 ± 7.5 vs. 97.7 ± 12.9 h in BAL and controls, the incidence rate of complications was 8.0% vs. 20.0% in both groups, the length of hospital stay was 9.2 ± 1.9 vs. 14.1 ± 2.1 days in both groups, and the expense of hospital cost was 12 557 ± 832 vs. 19 121 ± 929 Chinese Yuan in both groups. All patients had stable vital signs during lavage, and no significant adverse side effects were observed.

Conclusion
BAL was significantly beneficial for NSP with no significant adverse side effects; LUS is a useful tool for the timely detection of BAL effects.
Foreign body aspiration in a child with cardiac arrest
Authors: George Tim R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Foreign body aspiration is a true medical emergency and is the fifth most common cause of mortality due to unintentional injury in the United States. Children who have aspirated a foreign body may present with a variety of symptoms, from mild irritation and cough to respiratory failure. Treatment is removal of the foreign body, often via rigid bronchoscopy. Clinicians must have a high degree of suspicion to ensure a foreign body aspiration is not missed on initial presentation.
Antiretroviral therapy in older people with HIV
Authors: Richterman Aaron , Sax Paul E. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
The age of people with HIV) continues to rise, and yet older people have tended to be under-represented or excluded from premarketing studies of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this review, we highlight special considerations for the use of ART in older people with HIV, with a focus on toxicities associated with specific antiretroviral agents or drug classes as well as key research questions moving forward.

Recent findings
Like all people with HIV, older people with HIV should be started on ART as soon as possible, regardless of CD4 count, and with a regimen that includes an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Important toxicities to consider when choosing an ART regimen include bone and renal effects related to tenofovir, weight gain related to INSTIs and tenofovir alafenamide, neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric toxicities related to efavirenz, and increased cardiovascular risk associated with abacavir and boosted protease inhibitors. With the ongoing importance of INSTIs as a component of preferred ART regimens, further characterization of INSTI-related weight gain is a critical current research priority in understanding ART toxicity.

Summary
There are multiple potential toxicities of ART to consider when selecting a regimen for older people. Specific agents or drug classes have been implicated in adverse bone or renal effects, weight gain, neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive effects, and cardiovascular risk.
3D-Reconstruction of the Human Conventional Outflow System by Ribbon Scanning Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Loewen Ralitsa T. , Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Atta Sarah , Chen Si , Watkins Simon C. , Watson Alan M. , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeRisk for glaucoma is driven by the microanatomy and function of the anterior segment. We performed a computation-intense, high-resolution, full-thickness ribbon-scanning confocal microscopy (RSCM) of the outflow tract of two human eyes. We hypothesized this would reveal important species differences when compared to existing data of porcine eyes, an animal that does not spontaneously develop glaucoma.MethodsAfter perfusing two human octogenarian eyes with lectin-fluorophore conjugate and optical clearance with benzyl alcohol benzyl benzoate (BABB), anterior segments were scanned by RSCM and reconstructed in 3D for whole-specimen rendering. Morphometric analyses of the outflow tract were performed for the trabecular meshwork (TM), limbal, and perilimbal outflow structures and compared to existing porcine data.ResultsRSCM provided high-resolution data for IMARIS-based surface reconstruction of outflow tract structures in 3D. Different from porcine eyes with an abundance of highly interconnected, narrow, and short collector channels (CCs), human eyes demonstrated fewer CCs which had a 1.5x greater cross-sectional area (CSA) and 2.6x greater length. Proximal CC openings at the level of Schlemm’s canal (SC) had a 1.3x larger CSA than distal openings into the scleral vascular plexus (SVP). CCs were 10.2x smaller in volume than the receiving SVP vessels. Axenfeld loops, projections of the long ciliary nerve, were also visualized.ConclusionIn this high-resolution, volumetric RSCM analysis, human eyes had far fewer outflow tract vessels than porcine eyes. Human CCs spanned several clock-hours and were larger than in porcine eyes. These species differences may point to factors downstream of the TM that increase our vulnerability to glaucoma.Grant informationNational Eye Institute K08EY022737 (NAL); Initiative to Cure Glaucoma of the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh (NAL); Wiegand Fellowship of the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh (YD); P30-EY08098 (NAL); Department grant by Research to Prevent Blindness (NAL); an unrestricted fellowship grant from the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (SC).
A mosaic renal myeloid subtype with T-cell inhibitory and protumoral features is linked to immune escape and survival in clear cell renal cell cancer
Authors: Brech Dorothee , Straub Tobias , Kokolakis Evangelos , Irmler Martin , Beckers Johannes , Buettner Florian , Schaeffeler Elke , Winter Stefan , Schwab Matthias , Nelson Peter J. , Noessner Elfriede 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMononuclear phagocytes moderate tissue repair, immune activation and tolerance. In the renal tubulo-interstitium specialized dendritic cells help maintain homeostasis and protect tubuli from immune injury. Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is immunogenic; yet immunotherapies that target T-cell dysfunction show limited clinical efficacy suggesting additional mechanisms of immunoinhibiton. We previously described “enriched-in-renal cell carcinoma” (erc)DCs that are often found in tight contact with T cells which are dysfunctional. Here we describe that ercDCs exhibit a distinct polarization state imparted by tissue-specific signals characteristic for RCC and renal tissue homeostasis. The resulting mosaic transcript signature includes features associated with host defense activity, angiogenesis/invasion and T-cell inhibition. An ercDC-specific profile was predictive for patient survival and suggests potential therapeutic targets for improved immunotherapy.SignificanceImmunotherapies, which re-invigorate T-cell activity, achieve clinical responses in subsets of patients only revealing additional layers of T-cell inhibition. Mononuclear phagocytes can be immunoinhibitory. But, they are highly plastic and repolarization may be possible if key programming molecules can be identified, potentially enabling antitumor responses in tumors refractory to checkpoint blockade. We describe a myeloid cell type with mosaic feature including tumor-promotion and immunoinhibition in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Observed tight contacts with T cells may translate into T-cell dysfunction. A high ercDC score in tumor tissue correlates with poor patient survival suggesting ercDCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Targeting molecules that are identified in the ercDC profile may expand the range of patients effectively treated by immunotherapy.HighlightsBullet points:Renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) harbors polarized mosaic myeloid cells (ercDCs)ercDCs are found in contact with dysfunctional T cells in ccRCCercDCs express novel immunoinhibitory proteinsHigh ercDC z-score in ccRCC tissue correlates with poor patient survival
High-quality human preimplantation embryos stimulate endometrial stromal cell migration via secretion of microRNA hsa-miR-320a
Authors: Berkhout Robbert P. , Keijser Remco , Repping Sjoerd , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Afink Gijs B. , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Hamer Geert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImplantation failure is one of the major success limiting factors in human reproduction. Despite, the mechanisms that determine successful human embryo implantation remain largely unknown. We here show that high-quality human preimplantation embryos secrete soluble signaling factors, including micro RNA (miRNA) hsa-miR-320a, that promote migration of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs). By using miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we demonstrate that hsa-miR-320a alone can stimulate migration of decidualized hESCs, accurately resembling the response typically triggered only by high-quality embryos. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that this effect is very likely mediated via altered expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. In conclusion, by secreting hsa-miR-320a, high-quality human preimplantation embryos directly influence endometrial stromal cells, most likely to prime the endometrium at the implantation site for successful implantation. Together, our results indicate that hsa-miR-320a may be a promising target to further increase success rates in assisted reproduction.