bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do modern dental care systems adequately meet the health needs of citizens? Poland comparing to EU
Authors: Kobza J K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
residents of highly developed countries do not have universal access to dental care at a level corresponding to the current needs, that results from the ongoing socio-economic, health and demographic changes. Dental care is fragmentary, covers only selected population groups, by far the largest negligence is in the field of prevention. Poland is an example of bad oral health status, where dental caries index for adolescents in all ages groups has been the highest in Europe.

Objective
The aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of some organizational, financial and social aspects of a dental care in Poland, comparing to EU countries, and to identify the main causes of a bad oral health outcomes.

Material and methods
This research presents findings from the 610 dental providers interviews, carried out in 2018. The survey consisted of 32 questions, concerning all relevant aspects of dental clinics activity. Statistical analyzes were performed in a SAS package - 9.4 version.

Results
Poland has the highest number of dentists in EU (9.9 per 100 thou. of population) while the average for EU is 6.6. Dental rooms are modernly equipped. Dentists apply the newest technologies, they are constantly improving their knowledge and implement the TQM tools. Less than 30 % of patients are treated in public system, the average waiting time for the appointment in public sector is three times longer than in private one. Dentists perform the care of young people mainly in the area of conservative dentistry.

Conclusions
Improving children’s oral health should be a public health priority in Poland. Public authorities in a very limited extent participate in the organization, financing, supplying and supervising of dental care. Health promotion programs are ineffective, health needs assessment aren’t being done, we observe the lack of cooperation between the key health institutions and lack of tools to identify socio-economic inequalities.

Key messages
Research financed by Medical University of Silesia in Katowice. The aim of the study was to carry out an analysis of some organizational, financial, social aspects of a dental care in Poland comparing to EU, and to identify the causes of a bad health outcomes.
Implementation of a new model of management to increase the effectiveness of nursing specialists
Authors: Koikov V , Baigozhina Z , Umbetzhanova A , Bekbergenova Z h , Derbissalina G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
Nurses play a key role in the system of public health. The total number of nurses in Kazakhstan is 105,441 people (January 1, 2019), which is over 40% of all health workers in the health system of Kazakhstan. The continuing problem of insufficiently effective nursing service (NS) in the country prompted us to develop policy options to increase the NS effectiveness.

Description of the problem
Key problems of the NS in Kazakhstan include the ineffective management of NS in health organizations, which is associated with an underestimation of the role of nurses in the therapeutic and diagnostic process. There is also a discrepancy in the functioning of the system of nursing education, research and practice with European directives. There are inadequate regulatory acts governing the activities of nurses (including the lack of national guidelines, nursing standards, etc.).

Results
As a result of analyzing the current situation in the country and summarizing the data from systematic reviews, we were developed the Policy Brief on the issues of implementation of a new model of the NS management. As the key policy options, we proposed: 1. Improving the NS management in health organizations based on a revision of the role of nursing staff in the treatment and diagnostic process; 2. Improving the sectoral qualifications system of nursing specialists in accordance with European directives; 3. Ensuring the development of evidence-based nursing practices with the implementation of generally accepted international standards and models, the development of national guidelines and standards for NS.

Lessons
The proposed measures found support from the Ministry of Health and were included in the action plans. Each of these policy options contributes to increasing the effectiveness of NS in the health system of Kazakhstan, but these options provide more substantial achievement of the goal of enhancing the role and status of a nurse with their combined implementation.

Key messages
Implementation of a new model of the NS management in which nurses and physicions work on an equal footing and independently can significantly improve the efficiency of NS. Implementation of evidence-based approaches to the formation of a policy in the field of the NS development gives possibility to increase the effectiveness of the reforms in this field.
Tamoxifen and antidepressant’s co-prescription: general practitioners and pharmacist’s alert
Authors: Chaslerie A C , Vigneau Victorri C , Grude F , Thomasset A , Even A , Gourdet J , Prieur J P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
Well known drug-drug interaction with some antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which reduce tamoxifen’s effectiveness and associated with an increased risk of death from breast cancer.

Description of the problem
To identify and characterize the exposure to antidepressants in women with breast cancer treated with tamofixen in a west french area. Retrospective population based cohort study; claims from the French Health insurance database. Women living in Pays de la Loire area, aged 20 years or older treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer in 2018 who had concomitant treatment with antidepressants. Call phone to general practitioner’s and meeting with pharmacist when a high or moderate level drug-drug interaction’s was identified.

Results
Of 4138 women treated with tamoxifen, 497 (12%) received an antidepressant treatment in 2018, corresponding to 571 co-prescriptions. Of them, 74 (13%) was moderate level drug-drug interaction, 66 (11.6%) high level and 307 (53.8%) weak level.70% of high level drug-drug interaction were due to paroxetine and 43% of moderate level due to duloxetine. For these co-prescriptions, concomitant patient’s exposure was for more than four months in 22% cases. 127 different general practitioners and 152 pharmacists (339 different dispensation’s date) were concerned by these drug-drug interactions.

Lessons
French health insurance medical department has contacted general practitioners or pharmacists concerned by these drug-drug interactions. We informed general practitioners to be aware about women treated with tamoxifen when co-prescription with an antidepressant is necessary, preference should be given to one of them that show little or no inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6.

Key messages
Mediation medication and detection of drug-drug interaction by pharmacist. Preferential choice of antidepressant by general practitioner or women treat with co-prescription (tamoxifen and antidepressant).
The relationship between causes of procrastination and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Vlachopanou P , Tsiampalis T , Karagiannopoulou E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In recent decades there has been keen research interest in the concept of procrastination and its impact on the student population with few studies being conducted in the Greek student population. The present study aimed to contribute to our knowledge regarding the causes that bring about academic procrastination and to further explore participants’ characteristics regarding these causes.

Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted in Greece with 628 college students at the University of Ioannina. Specially designed instruments were used to record students’ sociodemographic characteristics and causes of procrastination (CP). Factor Analysis (FA) with principal components (PCA) was used to derive the main students’ causes of procrastination, though Analysis of Covariance was used to examine the effect of their characteristics on these causes.

Results
5 main causes of procrastination were identified explaining 48% of the total variation. Students’ lack of duty/ low tolerance for frustration was significantly associated with their gender (p = 0.005), year of study (p = 0.048) and grades (p = 0.008), while their dependency/difficulty of claim was significantly affected by students’ gender (p = 0.042), way of living (p = 0.034), place of residence (p = 0.001) and their age (p = 0.006). Moreover, their place of residence was significantly associated with their
fear of failure (p = 0.001) and their difficulties in time management and decision making (p = 0.049), with those not living in the place of origin presenting greater values in relation to the aforementioned factors.

Conclusions
Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon in academic settings that affects differently each gender and is also affected by the sociodemographic factors. This study demonstrates the importance of investigating the causes of procrastination as a concept that helps us understand students’ behaviour and patterns associated with it.

Key messages
There is a great need for further studies on the causes of procrastination in order to help Universities to design learning environments that will be helpful for their students. The college instructors should train students not to procrastinate via preventing interventions.
Ageing and its challenges: Communitary Intervention Group findings and experience in 2017, Porto(PT)
Authors: Sottomayor A , Perez-Duque M , Santiago M M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

West Porto Public Health(PH) Unit manages a multidisciplinary intervention group - Communitary Intervention Group(GIC) - that responds to critical life situations. It mainly covers mental and public health problems, often associated with ageing. We aimed to characterise the population of referred cases to GIC in 2017, know their geographical distribution and compare case ratio between parish. Data was provided by GIC and all cases from 2017 were included. We used GPS coordinates and QGIS to map the distribution of cases. Case number was compared between parish through the calculation of ratios (considering population size). 95% Confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Byar’s method to assess differences between parish.
A total of 88 cases were referred to GIC in 2017, mostly by the Police (37,1%). Mean age was 62,3 years(16-94) and 62,9% had &gt; =60 years. Majority (53,3%) were women. The main problem identified was unsanitary housing(23,6%) and elderly at risk(23,6%), followed by psychiatric alterations(15,7%). Considering elderly at risk, 38,1% was associated with unsanitary housing and 14,3% with psychiatric alterations. Parish “Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória”(CSSMS) had the highest number of cases (33,7%) and “Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos” the highest case ratio (21,96; 95%CI:13,92-32,95). Visually most cases live in parish CSSMS or near social neighborhoods. Case ratios was not statistically different between parish.
The type of referred cases suggests a lack of support to elderly. Immediate attention from health services is needed since this situation leads to a misuse of healthcare services, without a sustained benefit, peaking with health deterioration. More investigation is needed, especially to clearly identify social and health determinants. This is particularly important considering the population ageing and the socioeconomic pressure it perpetuates in future generations, compromising their health.

Key messages
Health services must rethink elderly care. Promoting quality of life through aging is key to sustainability.
Health Literacy of Hearing-Impaired High School Students, Some of the Problem, and their Expectations
Authors: Gür K , Dolaner G , Turan R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to determine hearing-impaired students’ levels of health literacy, problems when they receive healthcare service and their expectations.

Methods
This descriptive study was conducted on 88 hearing-impaired high school students over 15 years of age. The data collection tools used in the study are “Form of Problems Experienced When Receiving Healthcare Service”, “Form of Expectations from Healthcare Service”, and Turkey Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32). The researchers know sign language. The Health Sciences Faculty granted approval for the study (04.12.2017-255). The families were informed of the program through the school administration, and their consent was obtained.

Results
70.5% of the students had inadequate, 19.3% had limited, 2.3% had adequate and 8% had excellent health literacy levels. Those who had communication problems with the doctor (25%), those who misused the prescribed medication (13.6%) and those who could not use the medication without help (43.2%) had low THLS scores (&lt;0.05). Those who stated that they did not understand what the nurses said (43.2%) and the health education materials (56.8%) and those who reported that they were confused when they had more than one appointment (20.5%) had significantly low THLS scores (&lt;0.05). 55.7% of them expected that their prescriptions or care procedures were to be given in writing, and 87.5% expected them to be told in sign language.

Conclusions
Most of of the participants have significantly weaker general health literacy. Students with low THLS scores have less understanding of the given information and have problems with health workers.
Main messages: This can create disparities and inequalities in the use of healthcare services and in the health outcomes.

Key messages
This can create disparities and inequalities in the use of healthcare services. This can create disparities and in the health outcomes.
Racial discrimination and biological dysregulation among Indigenous adults: The role of culture
Authors: Copeland J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Racial discrimination is an ongoing social concern that requires public health solidarity to address. Indigenous peoples in many countries report high levels of discrimination across a variety of life domains, particularly when they migrate into urban centres for school or work. Discrimination has wide-ranging impacts that go beyond mental distress to include alterations in stress biomarkers across multiple systems. This study examined the impacts of discrimination on multisystem biological dysregulation among urban Indigenous adults in Canada, operationalized through allostatic load; and the role that Indigenous cultural continuity might play in resilience.

Methods
This cross-sectional study collected data from 150 Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 (M age: 28 years). Allostatic load (AL) was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models examined associations adjusted for confounders.

Results
Past-year discrimination was significantly and linearly associated with increased AL adjusting for age and income (B = 0.17, p = 0.02). Among adults with low cultural continuity, past-year discrimination was associated with AL in models adjusted for age and child discrimination (B = 0.17, p = 0.01), with past-year discrimination and the full model explaining 24% and 41% of the variance in AL; respectively. Among adults with high cultural continuity, past-year discrimination was not associated with AL, and the full model explained 1% of the variance in AL.

Conclusions
Past-year racial discrimination was an adverse event capable of influencing multisystem biological dysregulation among Indigenous adults, independent of age and income. Indigenous cultural continuity may promote biological resilience against racism within this population.

Key messages
Racial discrimination was associated with multisystem biological dysregulation among urban Indigenous adults, controlling for age and income. Indigenous cultural continuity buffered the impact of discrimination on biological health.
Evaluation of the use of standardized methods to identify mental health problems among refugees
Authors: Delilovic S , Lonnroth K , Hagstrom A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The number of refugees arriving and residing in Sweden remains high. They represent one of the most vulnerable sub-populations in the country, who carry a disproportional part of the disease burden. Information on health status, health determinants and the extent to which refugees get access to needed services is limited. In Sweden refugees are offered a free-of -charge health examination (HE). Yet, standardized mental health screening is often neglected as a part of the HE. A pilot project aimed to initiate early mental health screening was implemented.

Methods
The Refugee Health Screener-13 (RHS-13) was identified as an efficient, valid, and reliable tool for assessing mental health in this population and was integrated into the HE. The RHS-13 was administrated by nurses conducting the HE at two primary health care centers in Stockholm.

Results
During the one-month pilot 80 individuals were screened. The majority originated from Syria, DR Congo and Afghanistan and the distribution by migration background were 58% quota refugees, 35% asylum seekers and 8% others (family reunification and undocumented migrants). Of those screened, 30% screened positive for risk of mental health (cut off ≥11). Out of those who screened positive, 29% screened for mild mental health, 33% for moderate mental health and 38% for severe mental health problems. No statistically significant differences in RHS score were found according to country of origin, sex and age. The results are preliminary. Implementation will continue for 12 months at 4 primary health care centers.

Conclusions
This pilot demonstrated feasibility of RHS-13 in routine care. The findings reinforce the need for standardized guidelines and procedures for mental health screening of refugees. Routine mental health screening should be a part of the overall comprehensive HE, which could improve systematic monitoring of mental health care needs for refugees and ensure access to appropriate mental health care.

Key messages
Standardized procedures for identifying mental health problems among refugees is feasible and can identify health needs while ensuring equitable health examinations. Standardized procedures for identifying mental health problems among refugees is feasible and can identify health needs while ensuring equitable health examinations.
Health assessment of newly arrived refugees to the Municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Andersen M , Frederiksen H Winther , Ahmadi M , Kruse A , Nørredam M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Research data on the health status of newly arrived refugees is sparse. Newly arrived refugees and family reunified in The Municipality of Copenhagen has since 2016 been offered a general health assessment. These assessments are conducted by clinicians with expertise in refugee and migrant health from the Section of Immigrant Health. This study describes the sociodemographic characteristics and the burden of disease in this population.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study the population consists of adult patients examined January 2017 to February 2019. Clinicians performed the health assessment including a questionnaire regarding sociodemographics, medical history, symptoms, traumatic events during/before migration, a clinical examination and blood samples.

Results
The population had an equal presentation of males (N = 81) and females (N = 79) primarily from Syria (33%) and Iran (29%). The median age was 31,5 years (SD = 10,9). 67% had ≥8 years of schooling, while 11% had a maximum of 2 years. More than half had experienced war and 50% persecution. 76% suffered from Vitamin D deficiency, 31% of B12 deficiency and 12% of anemia. Few suffered from infectious and somatic diseases, yet many experiences symptoms such as pain (53%) and headaches (54%). 33% presented with symptoms of PTSD.

Conclusions
A high frequency of micronutrition deficiency was prevalent in the refugee group. Furthermore, many suffered from physical symptoms while very few had serious somatic issues. Numerous traumatic experiences were reported and 33% presented with symptoms of PTSD. The data is presumably a reflection of the healthy migrant bias.

Key messages
Despite refugees presumably being tested pre-entry and at holding level, they still suffer several health issues when granted asylum. Many newly arrived refugees suffer from micronutrition deficiency. These conditions are easily treated and could enhance the overall health of the individual.
Your Health, Your Faith: HIV prevention with African faith-based communities in Germany
Authors: Gangarova T , Bakambamba A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Migrants are disproportionally affected by HIV/AIDS in Germany, with about every third new HIV diagnosis given to a person who has migrated to Germany. More than half of HIV new diagnoses among migrants are people from sub-Saharan African countries. Because infections are not just brought from the countries of origin but also occur in Germany, HIV prevention services must be better tailored to the needs of migrants.
Your Health, Your Faith (2016-2018) is a community-based participatory health project that aims to improve the involvement of African faith-based communities in HIV prevention services. The project is conducted by the National AIDS Service Organization in collaboration with partners from different African communities, African pastors, AIDS service organizations (ASOs) and researchers from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
Teams of African activists, African pastors and ASOs have been built in eight German cities. All partners were invited to a series of concept workshops in Berlin in order to define together prevention contents, methods and forms of cooperation. Together, they developed a concept for preaching preventive messages in church settings and scenarios for a mobile educational theatre group.
To date 65 multilingual events have been held at various African churches, reaching approximately 5000 people. The results of the project has been evaluated on a multi-case basis, with quality standards being compiled for prevention events in African churches. In the course of the project, the participants designed a video that illustrates the prevention work in African Church communities. At the request of the pastors involved, a mobile training series on HIV/Aids for African pastors has been developed with the support of medical doctors.

Key messages
HIV prevention in African churches and cooperation between African churches, public health authorities and ASOs is possible and promising. Communication via pastors has proven useful, as have supporting theatre performances that facilitate communication about taboo subjects such as HIV/AIDS.