bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with JRC, July 2019
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Lagler Friedrich 
Published: February 2020

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of the European Commission maintained by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Multiscale simulations of singlet and triplet exciton dynamics in energetically disordered molecular systems based on many-body Green's functions theory
Authors: Wehner Jens , Baumeier Björn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a multiscale model based on many-body Green’s functions theory in the GW approximation and the Bethe–Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) for the simulation of singlet and triplet exciton transport in molecular materials. Dynamics of coupled electron–hole pairs are modeled as a sequence of incoherent tunneling and decay events in a disordered morphology obtained at room temperature from molecular dynamics. The ingredients of the rates associated to the events, i.e. reorganization energies, site energies, lifetimes, and coupling elements, are determined from a combination of GW-BSE and classical polarizable force field techniques. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are then employed to evaluate dynamical properties such as the excitonic diffusion tensor and diffusion lengths. Using DCV5T-Me(3,3), a crystalline organic semiconductor, we demonstrate how this multiscale approach provides insight into the fundamental factors driving the transport processes. Comparing the results obtained via different calculation models, we investigate in particular the effects of charge-transfer mediated high exciton coupling and the influence of internal site energy disorder due to conformational variations. We show that a small number of high coupling elements indicative of delocalized exciton states does not impact the overall dynamics perceptively. Molecules with energies in the tail of the excitonic density of states dominate singlet decay, independent of the level of disorder taken into account in the simulation. Overall, our approach yields singlet diffusion lengths on the order of 10 nm as expected for energetically disordered molecular materials.
Monte Carlo basin bifurcation analysis
Authors: Gelbrecht Maximilian , Kurths Jürgen , Hellmann Frank 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many high-dimensional complex systems exhibit an enormously complex landscape of possible asymptotic states. Here, we present a numerical approach geared towards analyzing such systems. It is situated between the classical analysis with macroscopic order parameters and a more thorough, detailed bifurcation analysis. With our machine learning method, based on random sampling and clustering methods, we are able to characterize the different asymptotic states or classes thereof and even their basins of attraction. In order to do this, suitable, easy to compute, statistics of trajectories with randomly generated initial conditions and parameters are clustered by an algorithm such as DBSCAN. Due to its modular and flexible nature, our method has a wide range of possible applications in many disciplines. While typical applications are oscillator networks, it is not limited only to ordinary differential equation systems, every complex system yielding trajectories, such as maps or agent-based models, can be analyzed, as we show by applying it the Dodds–Watts model, a generalized SIRS-model, modeling social and biological contagion. A second order Kuramoto model, used, e.g. to investigate power grid dynamics, and a Stuart–Landau oscillator network, each exhibiting a complex multistable regime, are shown as well. The method is available to use as a package for the Julia language.
Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array
Authors: Chae Dong-Hun , Kim Mun-Seog , Kim Wan-Seop , Oe Takehiko , Kaneko Nobu-Hisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate measurement of the electric current requires a stable and calculable resistor for an ideal current-to-voltage conversion. However, the temporal resistance drift of a physical resistor is unavoidable, unlike the quantum Hall resistance directly linked to the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. Lack of an invariant high-resistance leads to a challenge in making small-current measurements below 1 µA with an uncertainty better than one part in 106. In this work, we demonstrate a current-to-voltage conversion in the range from a few nano amps to one microamp with an invariant quantized Hall array resistance. The converted voltage is directly compared with the Josephson voltage reference in the framework of Ohm’s law. Markedly distinct from the classical conversion, which relies on an artifact resistance reference, this current-to-voltage conversion does not demand timely resistance calibrations. It improves the precision of current measurement down to 8  ×  10−8 at 1 µA.
Small-scale water deficits after wildfires create long-lasting ecological impacts
Authors: O’Connor Rory C , Germino Matthew J , Barnard David M , Andrews Caitlin M , Bradford John B , Pilliod David S , Arkle Robert S , Shriver Robert K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ecological droughts are deficits in soil–water availability that induce threshold-like ecosystem responses, such as causing altered or degraded plant-community conditions, which can be exceedingly difficult to reverse. However, ‘ecological drought’ can be difficult to define, let alone to quantify, especially at spatial and temporal scales relevant to land managers. This is despite a growing need to integrate drought-related factors into management decisions as climate changes result in precipitation instability in many semi-arid ecosystems. We asked whether success in restoration seedings of the foundational species big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) was related to estimated water deficit, using the SoilWat2 model and data from >600 plots located in previously burned areas in the western United States. Water deficit was characterized by: (1) the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), a coarse-scale drought index, and (2) the number of days with wet and warm conditions in the near-surface soil, where seeds and seedlings germinate and emerge (i.e. days with 0–5 cm deep soil water potential >−2.5 MPa and temperature above 0 °C). SPEI, a widely used drought index, was not predictive of whether sagebrush had reestablished. In contrast, wet-warm days elicited a critical drought threshold response, with successfully reestablished sites having experienced seven more wet-warm days than unsuccessful sites during the first March following summer wildfire and restoration. Thus, seemingly small-scale and short-term changes in water availability and temperature can contribute to major ecosystem shifts, as many of these sites remained shrubless two decades later. These findings help clarify the definition of ecological drought for a foundational species and its imperiled semi-arid ecosystem. Drought is well known to affect the occurrence of wildfires, but drought in the year(s) after fire can determine whether fire causes long-lasting, negative impacts on ecosystems.
Inferring CO2 fertilization effect based on global monitoring land-atmosphere exchange with a theoretical model
Authors: Ueyama Masahito , Ichii Kazuhito , Kobayashi Hideki , Kumagai Tomo’omi , Beringer Jason , Merbold Lutz , Euskirchen Eugénie S , Hirano Takashi , Marchesini Luca Belelli , Baldocchi Dennis , Saitoh Taku M , Mizoguchi Yasuko , Ono Keisuke , Kim Joon , Varlagin Andrej , Kang Minseok , Shimizu Takanori , Kosugi Yoshiko , Bret-Harte M Syndonia , Machimura Takashi , Matsuura Yojiro , Ohta Takeshi , Takagi Kentaro , Takanashi Satoru , Yasuda Yukio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) enhances photosynthesis and reduces transpiration at the leaf, ecosystem, and global scale via the CO2 fertilization effect. The CO2 fertilization effect is among the most important processes for predicting the terrestrial carbon budget and future climate, yet it has been elusive to quantify. For evaluating the CO2 fertilization effect on land photosynthesis and transpiration, we developed a technique that isolated this effect from other confounding effects, such as changes in climate, using a noisy time series of observed land-atmosphere CO2 and water vapor exchange. Here, we evaluate the magnitude of this effect from 2000 to 2014 globally based on constraint optimization of gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration in a canopy photosynthesis model over 104 global eddy-covariance stations. We found a consistent increase of GPP (0.138 ± 0.007% ppm−1; percentile per rising ppm of [CO2]) and a concomitant decrease in transpiration (−0.073% ± 0.006% ppm−1) due to rising [CO2]. Enhanced GPP from CO2 fertilization after the baseline year 2000 is, on average, 1.2% of global GPP, 12.4 g C m−2 yr−1 or 1.8 Pg C yr−1 at the years from 2001 to 2014. Our result demonstrates that the current increase in [CO2] could potentially explain the recent land CO2 sink at the global scale.
Absorbent Properties of Polystyrene with Closed Outer Structure in Case of Failure of the External Surface of the Board
Authors: Pilný Ondřej , Kalousek Lubor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThermal insulation is an integral part of almost all modern buildings. An important aspect in this process is the elimination of thermal bridges and insulation of all structures which are exposed to adverse environmental conditions. We are increasingly encountering thermal insulation solutions for elements that have been neglected in the past. One of these constructions is the substructure, which means not only the foundations, but underground floors and plinth. These constructions must be insulated with a material which not only has suitable thermal-insulating properties, but also has to withstand the effects of moisture in the long term. Nowadays, expanded polystyrene with a closed outer structure has become one of the most commonly used thermal insulators for these purposes. However, it is clear that, when built-in, the outer structure of the envelope is often damaged. This is often neglected phenomenon, which has a negative effect in the amount of diffusion flow and moisture propagation in the material. This paper describes a laboratory experiment, in which the outer structure of the EPS samples was broken in various ways. The samples were then fully immersed in water, changes in mass and volume absorbency over time were recorded and results were reciprocally compared.
Diagnostics of Flat Roofs with Flexible Sheets for Waterproofing
Authors: Šutliak Stanislav , Plachý Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with diagnostics of flat roofs with flexible sheets for waterproofing (membrane). The diagnostics is focused on defects and water tightness of membrane. The roof is one of the building’s most important building envelope. In case of defect, the other layers of the roof, including the structure frame, are degraded. The introduction gives an overview of individual methods and their division. The following part describes advantages and drawbacks of the individual methods. The next part is focused on the following type of test - High Voltage Membrane Testing. The test is described in detail, including the Conductive detection membrane, which was developed specifically for this method. This test, in combination with other methods, seems optimal, but it is most reliable to prevent possible defects by following technological procedures.
Secondary Raw Materials in Construction
Authors: Smolka Radim , Sobotka Jindřich 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper describes and evaluates the use of secondary materials in construction details of buildings, primarily in the area of flat roofs. The roofs have a large number of technologies that are necessary for the smooth and healthy use of buildings according to current standards. We are currently discussing the take-back of PET bottles in the Czech Republic. New materials must meet specified parameters. Not only thermal, but also hygienic and fire-fighting. Primarily failures of roof structures are problematic parts during repairs.
Surface Temperature of Flat Roofs with Waterproofing Polymer Membranes
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the problematics of the surface temperature of flat roofs, where the waterproofing layer is used as polymeric waterproofing membrane of softened PVC. Currently, it is possible to encounter defects on flat roofs due to the high surface temperature of the waterproofing layer. The consequence of such a high surface temperature is, for example, the sublimation of the thermal insulation of the foam polystyrene. The paper focuses on the influence of the color of the plasticized PVC membrane on the surface temperature. The aim of this paper is to determine the maximum surface temperature of a polymeric PVC membranes in the dependence on color on the basis of experimental measurements and furthermore, to determine the maximum temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation under PVC polymeric membrane. Measurements were taken during a warm summer day. Used samples were represented by polymeric membranes in green, gray, red and brown colors. Mineral wool was used as a substrate under the polymeric membrane.
Mid-Rise Atrium Residential Houses - Domain of Comfort
Authors: Maltseva Irina , Kaganovich Natalia , Tkachuk Konstantin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the role of a natural landscape in an industrial city, the harmonious interaction of an architectural object and the environment in creating a unified eco-architectural space. The authors focus on the typological aspect of residential architecture development, the feasibility of introducing low-rise complex development in the urban environment, suggesting the use of a morphologically autonomous category of urban villas as a type of residential building. The paper considers the advantages of a sustainable and presently relevant spatial archetype – an atrium – and its inclusion in the structure of a residential building and the eco-technical direction of its use along with separate engineering and technical solutions within the concept of energy saving. As an example, a low-rise residential complex project of an ‘urban apartment villa’ typological structure is considered, with the use of a multi-comfortable house system and the atrium principle of internal space organization in order to create an eco-friendly residential environment in the context of urban development and natural landscape.
Level of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in the context of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Office Buildings
Authors: Kraus Michal , Šenitková Ingrid Juhásová 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is focused on the quality of the indoor environment in terms of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in the office buildings. Working in the office is one of the most common occupations in developed countries of the world. Employees spend up to 25% of their time in the workplace each year. Obviously, the internal environment affects not only the health of workers but also their performance and productivity. Observe the long-term level of Total Volatile Organic Compounds in the context of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in a single cellular office is subjected within the presented study. IA-Quest (Indoor Air Quality Emission Simulation Tool) developed by the National Research Council is used for emission of VOCs from building surface materials and furnishings in time. The simulation and monitoring of TVOC concentration are carried out in two phases. In the first phase, only building materials such as walls, doors, floor, ceiling, window, etc. are considered. In the second phase, the basic furniture including the office table and chair, coffee table, 2 chairs and wardrobe are included in the calculation. TVOC concentration values in a furniture room are 10 - 15% higher than in a room without furniture.
Methodological Features of the Management of Modern Labour Protection in the Construction
Authors: Sugak E B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the recent ten years, there has been a steady decline in industrial injuries and occupational diseases in the global economy. At the same time, against the background of favorable statistics on accidents, an increase in the overall incidence is observed, which are called «work related diseases». By decision of the Government of the Russian Federation to improve the production environment should ensure the reform of the management system of labour protection, focused on the prevention of the manifestation of dangerous and harmful factors. In this article there is analyse of the methodological aspects of occupational risk management, which imply a continuous and consistent cycle of activity from four stages, characterized as «the Deming-Shewhart cycle».
Effect of graphene on thermal stability and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Shi Jingli , Yang Junsheng , Zhou Jingjing , Ji Hongfei , Tang Xin , Gao Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Graphene has an important positive impact on improving polymer material properties, making the application of composite materials widely available. This paper investigates the influence of graphene on the thermal and mechanical properties of Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The thermostability and mechanical properties of the graphene/EVA nanocomposites are analyzed in terms of the glass transition temperature (T

g
), mean-square displacement (MSD), modulus, interfacial binding energy (IBE), stress-strain relationship, yield strength, and tensile strength. The influences of the size of graphene on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EVA are analyzed and discussed. The simulation result indicated that the glass transition temperature, modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength of the nanocomposites are higher than that of pristine EVA, which is in good consistent with recent experiments. We attribute this finding to the fact that the strong interfacial bonding of graphene to EVA limits the fluidity of the EVA chains and improves the thermal stability and strength of the graphene/EVA composites. The incorporation of graphene enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EVA.
Hertz model or Oliver & Pharr analysis? Tutorial regarding AFM nanoindentation experiments on biological samples
Authors: Kontomaris S V , Malamou A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The data processing regarding AFM nanoindentation experiments on biological samples relies on the basic contact mechanics models like the Hertz model and the Oliver & Pharr analysis. Despite the fact that the two aforementioned techniques are assumed to provide equivalent results since they are based on the same underlying theory of contact mechanics, significant differences regarding the Young’s modulus calculation even on the same tested sample have been presented in the literature. The differences can be even greater than 30% depending on the used model. In addition, when the Oliver & Pharr analysis is used, a systematic greater Young’s modulus value is always calculated compared to the Hertzian analysis. In this paper, the two techniques are briefly described and two possible reasons that accurately explain the observed differences in the calculated value of the Young’s modulus are presented.
Thermally induced phase transformations of Al93Fe4Nb3 and Al90Fe7Nb3 quenched alloys
Authors: Shved O V , Mudry S I , Kotsyubynsky V O , Boychuk V M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Al–based rapidly quenched alloys of composition Al90Fe7Nb3 and Al93Fe4Nb3 were studied by Mӧssbauer spectroscopy, X–ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The occurrence of thermally induced phase transformations has been established. It is shown that both ribbons reveal the structure in which Fe–atoms have an aluminum ones neighbors both in amorphous and annealed up to 653 K that corresponds to the atomic arrangement in Al6Fe metastable phase. At higher than 709.6 K annealing temperatures the structural transformations of this phase into mix of stable Al13Fe4 compound and aluminium were observed and at 893 K these transformations were completed.
Robustness-optimized quantum error correction
Authors: Layden David , Huang Louisa Ruixue , Cappellaro Paola 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Quantum error correction (QEC) codes are usually designed to correct errors regardless of their physical origins. In large-scale devices, this is an essential feature. In smaller-scale devices, however, the main error sources are often understood, and this knowledge could be exploited for more efficient error correction. Optimizing the QEC protocol is therefore a promising strategy in smaller devices. Typically, this involves tailoring the protocol to a given decoherence channel by solving an appropriate optimization problem. Here we introduce a new optimization-based approach, which maximizes the robustness to faults in the recovery. Our approach is inspired by recent experiments, where such faults have been a significant source of logical errors. We illustrate this approach with a three-qubit model, and show how near-term experiments could benefit from more robust QEC protocols.
Bio-responsive materials for tissue regeneration
Authors: Wang Zuyong , Thian Eng San , Li Xiang , Best Serena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The field of tissue engineering brings together researchers from a broad range of multidisciplinary backgrounds with the common aim of pursuing continuous improvement in biomedical innovation. Advances in tissue repair and regeneration attempt to meet the gold standard offered by autografting while avoiding the issues associated with tissue harvesting. Over time, focus moved from the use of allografts and synthetic grafts (non-degradable) towards exploring the potential for engineered ‘living grafts’ to address tissue diseases and the treatment of organ failure. However, it is clear that tissue-engineered implants used in a wide range of therapeutic applications still require further improvement. Recent recognition of the limitations and challenges associated with tissue regeneration, has triggered a shift towards ready-to-use implants that can induce biological repair processes and this has highlighted the need for biomaterials that can promote optimised biological response. Rather than developing biomaterials for tissue replication and substitution in classical tissue engineering, there is a new focus on creating biomaterials that are bio-responsive and hence capable of guiding tissue and organ repair. Successful routes involve mimicking natural processes that occur during regeneration. This can be achieved through the use of emerging engineering and technological advances, with careful control of the intrinsic physical and chemical cues from the as-fabricated materials (e.g. modified biochemical motifs, stiffness, anisotropy etc) or stimulated by extrinsic factors (e.g. pH, heat, light, metabolites etc).