bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-42 Investigations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and strategies of their decrease in smoked meat products
Authors: Kulikovskii Andrey , Gorlov Ivan , Slozhenkina Marina , Kuznetsova Oksana , Utyanov Dmitriy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analysis of PAHs was performed by HPLC Ultimate 3000 (Dionex) with fluorescent detector RF200. Analysis of esters and phenols was carried out using a GH-MS 7890A with 5975C VL MSD (Agilent Technologies). It was found that in the fume smoked meat products without casing the summary 15 PAHs content was 25% higher than in products produced in natural (gut) and artificial (protein and fibrouse) casings independent of the type of smoking. The least permeable for carcinogenic substances was the fibrouse casing. The fibrous casing is capable of reducing PAH in the product by up to 40% compared to natural. The duration of smoking also influenced the PAHs quantitative content. In raw smoked meat products in a natural casing the PAHs content was 30% higher than in semi-smoked sausages also produced in a natural casing. Analysis of the PAHs quantitative content in meat produce a showed that 8 PAHs namely benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, chrysene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, indene[1,2,3-с,d]pyrene were most frequently detected. The summary percent content of 8 above listed PAHs was on the average more than 75% of total PAHs amount. It is possible to achieve the PAHs content reduction in several ways. One of them is the reduction of fat content in the formulation of smoked products. PAHs content reduction is not associated with the reduction of phenolic substances, which are responsible for taste and aroma of smoked products. An increase in temperature from 450°C to 700°C leads to an increase in the amount of PAHs by 200–300%. The PAHs quantitative content grew in direct proportion as the smoke generation temperature and the CO and CO2 concentrations were increasing and in inverse proportion to the oxygen concentration. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 15-16-10000.
PSVII-12 Effect of planting method on forage production of annual ryegrass and stocker performance
Authors: Scaglia Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Different planting methods are alternatives for early grazing and/or extend the grazing season of winter pastures. The objective was to evaluate different planting methods on forage and animal performance. In three consecutive years, ryegrass cv. ‘Marshall’ was conventionally planted (33 kg seed/ha), and no-till and broadcast planted on a bermudagrass stand on nine 1.33 ha pastures (3 replicates/treatment). Urea was split applied at a rate of 40 units of N/ha on d 40 after planting and on d 40 after grazing started. Each pasture was continually stocked with five steers (245 ± 12 kg initial BW). Grazing started when ryegrass was at least 25 cm tall and 1,600 kg DM/ha. In the conventional planted pastures, steers were moved out (to a ryegrass pasture) when ground was too soft, returning to experimental pastures when grazing conditions were appropriate. Forage production was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for conventional and no-till (2,800 and 2,389 kg DM/ha) than for broadcast pastures (1,770 kg DM/ha). Planting method and yr affected (P &lt; 0.03) start of grazing. Conventional and no-till planting started 51 and 49 d earlier than broadcasted. In 2 yr, rainfall delayed by 17 d the start of grazing in the conventional planted pastures. Grazing days was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for no-till (95 d) than conventional and broadcast planting (61 and 49 d, respectively). While on experimental pastures, ADG was similar (P = 0.08) between treatments. Due to the difference in grazing days, production per ha was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for no-till (450 kg/ha) than for broadcast and conventional (199 and 241 kg/ha, respectively). No-tilled pastures offered better grazing environment while broadcast pastures had the disadvantages of slow germination and less forage production. Greater number of grazing days on no-tilled pastures allowed for better animal performance and dilution of input costs.
PSVIII-18 Dietary supplementation with trihexanoin enhances intestinal function of weaned piglets
Authors: Wu Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Trihexanoin is a short-chain triglyceride (SCT). Many studies have reported that SCTs play important roles in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial structure and function. The present work was to investigate the effects of trihexanoin on growth performance, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as well as intestinal morphology and function in weaned piglets. Twenty weaned piglets (21 ± 2 d) were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: the control group (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% soya oil); the TH group (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% trihexanoin). Dietary trihexanoin supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea rate (P &lt; 0.05); increased the concentrations of LDL, HDL and total protein, decreased cholesterol concentrations (CHOL) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity in plasma (P &lt; 0.05); increased villus height, surface area, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P &lt; 0.05); altered the mRNA levels and abundances of proteins related to glycogen and fat metabolism (gene LIPE, LPL, PPARG, ACACA, FASN, SLC27A2, INSR, PCK1 and ASS1), mucosal barrier function (protein claudin-1, and occludin), antioxidant capacity (protein HSP70 and gene Nrf2, NOX2 and GSTO2) and water transport capacity (protein AQP3 and gene AQP8 and AQP10) (P &lt; 0.05); altered the gene abundance of intestinal bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of trihexanoin improved the intestinal function and health of weaned piglets by regulating nutrient metabolism, improving intestinal function of mucosal barrier, transport, absorption and antioxidant, and altering the community of microbiota.
PSVIII-3 Maternal nutrient restriction during mid-to-late gestation alters adipogenic gene expression in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of fetal beef cattle offspring
Authors: Reid Dana , Ellison Lauren , Yankey Kalisha , Lemley Caleb O , Burnett Derris 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Proper maternal nutrition during gestation is an important determinant of fetal and long-term developmental programming. Transcriptional networks involved in economically important processes such as adipogenesis and overall growth of the offspring are particularly susceptible to developmental perturbations and programming. Low quality forages or insufficient maternal nutrient supplementation during gestation are scenarios that can negatively affect fetal growth and development by altering the regulation of these networks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maternal nutrient restriction during mid-to-late gestation on mRNA expression of genes involved in growth and adipogenesis in fetal back fat (BF), and perirenal adipose tissue (PR). A total of six multiparous, commercial cows were equally divided into one of two dietary treatments: Control (CON; fed 100% of NRC recommendations) vs. Restricted Feed (RES; fed 60% of NRC recommendations) from 140 to 240 days of gestation. The animals were euthanized on day 240 of gestation for fetal tissue collection and qPCR analysis using TaqMan® gene expression assays. Relative mRNA quantification was determined using the Delta-Delta Ct method. Differences between Least Square Means were compared using the PDIFF option of the MIXED procedure of SAS (9.4). PPARg expression was increased (P = 0.009) in BF tissue in the RES group compared to the CON group. IGF-1 expression tended to increase (P = 0.076), and IGF-1R expression tended to decrease (P = 0.055) in fetal BF. In PR tissue, CEBPA and IGF-1 expression decreased (P ≤ 0.043) in RES compared to CON. These findings suggest that as a result of a compromised fetal environment, the PR and BF depots are differentially regulated in a manner that may persist into postnatal life and warrants further investigation.
PSVIII-9 An aggressive implant program altered USDA yield and quality grade of long-fed Jersey steer carcasses
Authors: Pillmore Sierra L , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Cooper Kimberly , Tennant Travis , Lawrence Ty 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Jersey steers are known for superior marbling, however, due to the late-maturing nature of the breed, require prolonged feeding to reach market weight. This, together with light muscling and excess internal fat, makes Jerseys financially unattractive to the cattle feeding industry. Growth promoting implants, however, may alter nutrient partitioning away from fat accretion toward lean muscle development. We hypothesized that a repeated implant program of Revalor-200 (200mg trenbolone acetate/20mg estradiol) would improve the growth efficiency of Jersey steers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aggressive implant program on USDA quality (QG) and yield grade (YG). Jersey steers (n = 27) were fed for 420 d and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: no implant (CON) or administration of Revalor-200 every 70 days throughout the feeding period (IMP). Steers were slaughtered on day 421 and chilled carcasses were graded. Results were analyzed using an independent t-test. An 11% increase (P = 0.01) in HCW occurred for IMP over CON steers. No differences (P ≥ 0.31) were detected in 12th rib fat depth, or LM area per 100 kg of live weight. However, LM area was 10.3 cm2 (P = 0.03) larger and KPH weighed 4.68 kg (2.5%) less (P &lt; 0.01) in IMP vs. CON steers, resulting in a decreased (P &lt; 0.01) USDA YG of 2.97 in IMP steers vs 3.75 in CON steers. Skeletal maturity was not affected (P = 0.12) by implant program. Aggressive implanting caused lean maturity to increase slightly within the A maturity classification (P = 0.02; A73 vs A96) but sharply decreased marbling score (P &lt; 0.01; Moderate80 vs Small20). In summary, repeatedly implanting long-fed Jersey steers may improve carcass cutability; however, it appears to be detrimental to carcass quality grade.
PSXIV-31 Effects of bovine maternal nutrient restriction on offspring microRNA and messengerRNA expression and muscle fiber type
Authors: Ineck Nikole E , Rood Kerry , Legako Jerrad F , Quarnberg Shelby , Christensen Rachael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cows nutritionally restricted during mid-gestation produce calves with differential fat and muscle deposition when compared to calves from non-restricted cows. However, little is currently known about effects these changes have on post-natal skeletal growth. We investigated whether calves from cows restricted in the second trimester had different expression of microRNA (miR), messengerRNA, and muscle fiber type when compared to calves from non-restricted dams. Cows were bred by the same sire, stratified by body weight (P = 0.80) and allocated to one of two treatments: maintenance (n = 16) or restricted (n = 18). Restricted cows received lower forage biomass (1662 kg/ha, dry matter (DM)) compared to maintenance (2309 kg/ha, DM). Restricted cows had mean BCS 1.55 lower (P = 0.001) than maintenance cows and weight difference of 188 kg (P = 0.024). After the second trimester, all cows and calves were treated similarly. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from calves at weaning, beginning of the feedlot, and harvest. Offspring from restricted cows expressed more (P &lt; 0.05) miR-133a, -133b, -181d, -214, -424 and -486 in the biceps femoris (BF) at the beginning of the feedlot when compared to maintenance offspring. At harvest, offspring from restricted cows expressed more (P &lt; 0.05) miR-133a and less (P &lt; 0.01) miR-486 in the longissimus lumborum (LD) than offspring from maintenance cows. There was no change (P ≥ 0.27) in expression of Pax3, Pax7, Cdc25A, MamL1, Ezh2, and IGF-1R between offspring from the two treatment groups in the BF at the beginning of the feedlot or the LD at harvest. Expression was not different (P ≥ 0.14) in myosin heavy chain isoforms MHC-1, -2a, and -2x between offspring from maintenance and restricted in the BF at the beginning of the feedlot or the LD at harvest. These data provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism through which nutrient restriction in the second trimester alters fat and muscle deposition in the offspring.
PSVII-13 Effects of corn supplementation on muscle microRNA profiles within horses
Authors: Carver Clarissa M , Hess Tanja , Bruemmer Jason , Coleman Stephen , Landolt Gabriele 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn supplementation on muscle microRNA (miRNA) profiles. Twelve mares were blocked by weight and BCS and assigned to one of two treatments (6 hd/treatment): 1) control, (basal diet: 9 Kg/hd/d of chopped mixed grass hay and ad libitum mixed grass hay), 2) basal diet supplemented with 454 g/d steam flaked corn individually using feed bags. All mares were placed on the basal diet and in the same pen 14 days prior to the beginning of corn supplementation. Mares were weighed and BCS on d -7 and 28. Muscle biopsies of the gluteus medius were taken from all horses on d0 and d26. Muscle samples were analyzed using real time RT-qPCR for 277 endogenous miRNAs. Raw CT values were normalized with the geometric mean of three consistently appearing endogenous miRNAs. Sixteen miRNAs that consistently appeared in at least 8 horses including 3 relating to metabolic disorders appearing at d0, d26, or both were analyzed. Differential abundances of miRNAs using log transformed fold change and differences between BW and BCS of treatment groups were determined by ANOVA and LS means analysis. There was no difference between BW (P &lt; .05) and BCS (P &lt; .05) between the two treatment groups. Feeding corn lead to higher quantities (P &lt; .05) of mir 133a, 1515p, 6155p, 770, and 99b within muscle compared to control group. Lower quantities of mir 382 and 433 were found within muscle of horses fed corn compared to the control group (P &lt; .05). Based upon the results of this study corn supplementation appears to influence endogenous miRNA expression profiles within muscle of horses.
PSVII-23 Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region for excavated horse bones at the Asian archaeological sites
Authors: Cha Jihye , Ko Haesu , Choi Bong-Hwan , Jang Gulwon , Lim Dajeong , Park Jong-Eun , Chae Han-Hwa , Park Won-Chul , Cho Chang-yeon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Horses have played a significant role in the development of human society. As an important domestic animal, horses have been used for transport, labor, food and recreation. It is widely accepted that the horse was probably first domesticated on the Eurasian steppes from Ukraine to Turkestan between the fifth and fourth millennium BC, and the earliest domesticated horses subsequently spread out from their original range. However, we currently have little genetic evidence to demonstrate whether Korean domestic horse breeds originated in Korea or if it came into the area via an ancient migration route. In the present study, to obtain more knowledge of the origin and genetic diversity of Korean domestic horses, we analyzed seventeen 247-bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences of ancient horse bones excavated from seven archaeological sites located in the southern Korean Peninsula and Mongolia, aged between the fifth century B.C and nineteenth century A.D. The seventeen ancient horses revealed 9 variable positions when compared with the reference sequence (GenBank X79547). All the substitutions were transitions, and defined a total of 11 unique haplotypes with the haplotype diversity value of 0.9118±0.056. Among the 11 haplotypes, 3 haplotypes were detected more than once and were thus shared by individuals from the same or close archaeological sites. The largest haplotype consisted of 5 individuals, with another two haplotypes containing 2 individuals respectively, and eight haplotypes were singletons. The data indicate an abundant genetic diversity of the Korean ancient horses, and also suggest that the origin of Korean domestic horses is complex, and several maternal lines were introduced into the gene pool of Korean horses after their initial domestication.
PSVII-38 Increased activity in horses following reapplication of shoes
Authors: Groux Rosemary , Whitlock Brian , Krawczel Peter D , Lee Amanda , Daniel Jay A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite shoeing being a common practice, the impact of shoeing on horse behavior has not been widely studied. To examine the impact of reapplication of shoes to previously shod horses on horse activity, seven light horse geldings (3 to 21 year old Quarter Horse, Dutch Warmblood, or Thoroughbred) were fitted with three axis accelerometers (IceTag, Ice Robotics, Edinburgh, Scotland) on the left rear leg. Horses were maintained on pasture except for approximately 1 hour morning and evening for feeding. Boots were placed under the accelerometer, and boots and accelerometers were removed once daily for approximately one hour while the horses were stalled for am feeding to examine the horses’ leg and to allow exposure to air to dry. After seven days, horses were treated by either having shoes removed, feet trimmed, and new shoes fitted (reapplication; n = 3) or being handled by the farrier but not trimmed or fitted with new shoes (sham; n = 4). Horse activity was then monitored for 6 d. Steps per hour were tested for effects of treatment, time (before or after treatment), and interaction of treatment by time using procedures for repeated measures with JMP Software (version 7, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Means separation was performed using Student’s t test if appropriate. There was a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.0109), such that after treatment, reapplication horses took more steps than sham horses (150 ± 20 vs 117 ± 18 steps per hour, respectively). However, both groups took fewer steps after treatment than before (124 ± 13 vs 157 ± 13 steps per hour, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). These results indicate horses with reapplication of shoes move more than horses which did not experience reapplication of shoes, possibly indicated the horses with reapplication of shoes experienced more comfort in movement.
PSI-B-41 Late-Breaking: Effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the basal metabolic rate of working Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Varney Jessica L , Fowler Jason W , Weil Jordan T , Watson Charlene F , Boggess Mary Ann , Coon Craig N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As the pet industry continues to grow, understanding the needs of different demographics of canines is becoming increasingly important to ensure optimal nutrition. Energy requirements have been shown to vary based on individual factors, but few trials using many dogs under the same controls exist. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the BMR of Labrador Retrievers (Labs). An open-circuit indirect calorimetry machine attached to a chamber was used to determine resting BMR in 96 Labs. Body composition in 33 Labs of varying age was determined using DXA scans to determine effect of lean/fat mass on BMR. Cooling and heating implements were applied to the chamber to determine temperature effect on BMR. Each of the following demographics were compared using a mixed model: male, female, intact, altered, young (6mo-2yo), adult (3-6yo), and senior (7yo+). Mean BMR for all dogs was 130 (27) kcal/kg0.75. Males were significantly higher at 136 (28) kcal/kg0.75 than females at 125 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P = 0.045). Intact Labs were significantly higher at 121 (3) kcal/kg0.75 compared to altered Labs at 109 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P &lt; 0.001). Young and adult Labs had BMRs of 136 (19) kcal/kg0.75 and 135 (29) kcal/kg0.75, respectively, which was significantly higher than seniors at 120 (26) kcal/kg0.75. Body composition comparisons showed significant negative linear relationships between BMR and fat mass (P &lt; 0.001) and positive linear relationships between BMR and lean mass (P &lt; 0.001). BMR was found to have a negative linear relationship (R2=0.51) from cool to warm temperatures but was elevated at both cold (&lt; 5°C) and hot (&gt;35°C) temperatures (P &lt; 0.001). The determination of energy requirements found in this study prove useful as the pet industry develops diets specific to the needs of different demographics of canines.
PSIV-B-27 Late-Breaking: Effects of grazing management and nitrogen fertilization on Marandu palisade grass production in silvopastoral systems
Authors: Paschoaloto Josimari R , Andrade José Charlis Alves , Santos Marcia Vitoria , Silva Leandro Diego da , Cruz Priscila Junia Rodrigues da , Silveira Raul ribeiro , Andrade Brenda Fernanda de Souza , Silva Alex Marciano dos Santos , Martins Cézar Augusto , Costa João Pedro Rodrigues 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Integrated systems have been gaining prominence in recent years, especially the crop-livestock-forestry, which, in addition to being an alternative income per area, increase fertility and organic matter content in the soil, and protect animals against weather conditions. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the management of pastures under such conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the grazing management and nitrogen fertilization in Marandu palisade grass consorted with Eucalyptus to obtain the greater of forage production. The experimental design was a randomized block, arranged in split-plot, the plots were composed of two eucalyptus spacing (12 x 2 or 12 x 3) and Marandu monoculture, the subplots were composed of the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 100, 200 kg N/ha using ammonium sulfate). The higher DM accumulation rate was observed at 200 kg N ha-1 (69.29 kg DM ha-1 day), while there was no difference between the treatments without fertilization and 100 kg N ha-1 (P &gt; 0.001). DM accumulation rate increased by 30.01% when fertilization increased from 100 kg N ha-1 to 200 kg N ha-1. Marandu palisade grass with 200 kg N ha-1 showed the highest production (28.82 t ha-1) independent of spacing. In the silvopastoral system, the greater accumulation of forage was observed when handled with 80% of the light interception (LI), corresponding to a height of 67 cm. Therefore, we conclude that Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, without N fertilization, should be managed with a pre-grazing height of 60 cm and 73% LI. Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, with 100 kg N ha-1 fertilization, should be managed with a height of 68 cm and 84% LI, and, with 200 kg N ha-1, should be managed at 80% of LI for the greater pasture utilization and development.