bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risking the Stability of EMU: the Asymmetric Application of the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Paudyn Bartholomew 
Published: May 2020

Fiscal profligacy poses a high risk to the credibility of Europe common monetary policy and its ultimate objective of price stability. Unfortunately, the aim of preventing fiscally responsible states from being penalized by those with lax budgetary policies via inflationary pressures and interest rates is jeopardized as members breach the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Moreover, there are major institutional inconsistencies in how states are treated under the current framework as is exemplified by the November 2003 ECONFIN crisis. What is witnessed is an antagonistic relationship between the programmatic and operational dimensions of monetary governance. Does the fact that half the members who have adopted the euro have also breached its rules signal that surveillance as regulation is being displaced as a mode of governance? It calls for a re-imaged spatial-temporal explanation of governance to adequately capture the political economy of EMU. At the core of EMU management are risk and uncertainty based modes of governing. Employing a governmentality approach, I argue that the audit is one prominent style of processing and institutionalizing risk as an aggregate future of monetary activity. By altering the administration and objects of risk governance the audit is perceived as reducing the susceptibility to failure. Hence, it has a performative function that extends beyond simply measuring deficit or debt to GDP performance and acts as a social and institutional process structuring a homogenous set of fiscal practices.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.163
Europe and Islam: Internalizing the External ‘Threat’
Authors: Hodiwala Naozad 
Published: May 2020

This article will first characterize the nature of the Islamic ‘threat’ facing modern day Europe, by arguing that such ‘threats’ are fed by the forces of internalization. By specifically focusing on case studies found in Jytte Klausen’s “The Islamic Challenge: Politics and Religion in Western Europe”, this article will take as its departure point the basis that “Europeans tend to ignore the fact that their established norms and policies are not necessarily secular, but reflects long-standing practices that were instituted in order to appease national churches”. Three facets of European society will be examined; national laws, media coverage, and politicians and their actions.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v4i2.196
Safe Country of Origin List at the EU Level: The Bargaining Process and the Implications
Authors: Gurzu Anca 
Published: May 2020

Critics have often highlighted that the 1999 Tampere decision to establish a common European Union (EU) asylum system has been too focused on security and not enough on human rights, leading to increased denial of protection for asylum seekers. This paper focuses on a controversial asylum policy, which is part of this debate: the safe country of origin (SCO) policy. This policy revolves around having a list of countries deemed "safe" which ensures asylum seekers from these countries are fast tracked through the system and likely denied asylum in the end, based on a general assumption that the application is unfounded. Human rights groups have argued the SCO policy violates the Geneva Convention. Widely used at the national level, officials proposed the creation of a supranational SCO list in the early 2000s. However, disagreements among Member States over what countries to deem “safe" as well as the need to place the European Parliament in a co-decision (as opposed to consultative) position for the creation of the EU SCO list have led to an impasse. This paper employs two major European integration theories, neofunctionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, to explain the bargaining dynamics between Member States and their failure to agree on what “safe" means. Factors such as different national migratory pressures, varied procedural understandings and applications of the SCO policy, a limited successful harmonization in related asylum policies, along with a reluctance to have the European Parliament in a co-decision position all contributed to the non-adoption of a supranational SCO list.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.212
Germany's Euro Crisis: Preferences, Management, and Contingencies
Authors: Olender Michael 
Published: May 2020

This article applies Moravscik's ideational liberalism to outline domestic and international influences on German state preference formation since the introduction of the euro and discusses the trends that distinguish German policy making and why they matter in the development of sustainable solutions to the ongoing euro crisis. The German government's ideational commitments to the European project and ordoliberal principles are found to be significant determinants in preference formation, but while its commitment to Europe has remained stable over time, its commitment to ordoliberalism has wavered. The government prefers to advance European integration in line with ordoliberal principles, though in times of crisis it hardens its ordoliberal stance. This article argues that Germany will go to great lengths to keep the Eurozone intact because it is part of a grand political project, but the government's prescription for fiscal austerity, which is underpinned by ordoliberal principles, sometimes exacerbates the euro crisis. Policy recommendations that favour flexibility are offered for Germany and other Eurozone countries.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.216
Vicarious Evaluation: How European Integration Changes National Identities
Authors: Giurlando Philip 
Published: May 2020

This paper explores how European integration impacts the national identities of Member States. Identity is an amorphous concept, and so this paper focuses on one dimension of it: the perception of the relative status of the nation that nationalized individuals possess. Perceptions of relative national status flow from the fact that the international system is characterized by hierarchy, competition, and concerns for relative gains and losses. A key motivation for the foreign policies of lower status nations is equality with higher status ones, and for the former, European integration is often perceived in equalizing terms. But, this perception of Europe as equalizer often does not correspond with objectively unequal power relations in Europe. This paper focuses on why, among nationalized individuals, perceptions of power differentials change, even though objectively the unequal inter-state power relations may remain unchanged. The case study is Italy entering the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union in 1999, which was perceived by many Italians in equalizing terms, even though the unequal power relations between Italy and Europe's elite countries remained objectively the same.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.219
The canine furcation cyst, a newly defined odontogenic cyst in dogs: 20 cases (2013–2017)
Authors: Soukup Jason W. , Bell Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To characterize clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of canine furcation cysts (CFCs) in dogs and to propose possible mechanisms of CFC development.

ANIMALS
20 client-owned dogs with CFCs biopsied between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017.

PROCEDURES
Medical records of the Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison were retrospectively searched to identify records of dogs that had surgical biopsy specimens of mandibular or maxillary cavitary lesions diagnosed as odontogenic cysts and that met additional inclusion criteria. Biopsy sample submission records, medical records, clinical and radiographic images, and histologic samples were reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features were evaluated.

RESULTS
Mean body weight and age of affected dogs were 23.5 kg (51.7 lb) and 8.2 years, respectively. All 20 dogs had a unilateral cyst, with the right (n = 13) or left (7) maxillary fourth premolar tooth affected and viable in all dogs. A predominant clinical sign was a fluctuant swelling of the buccal gingiva and mucosa overlying the CFC, and enucleation of the cyst lining, with or without extraction of the affected tooth, resolved the lesion in most dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Our findings indicated that CFC is an odontogenic cyst of uncertain etiopathogenesis and that complete evaluation of the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of the lesion in affected patients is necessary to distinguish a CFC from other odontogenic cysts and tumors in dogs. Defining CFCs in terms of characteristic features permits accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these previously unclassifiable odontogenic cysts in dogs.
STRATEGI BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BAHASA
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Kartikasari Ratna Dewi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan agar proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa dapat memberikan hasil dan prestasi yang baik bagi generasi bangsa dan negara. Proses pembelajaran harus disertai dengan strategi belajar, strategi pembelajaran, serta strategi keterampilan bahasa meliputi keterampilan menyimak, keterampilan berbicara, keterampilan membaca dan keterampilan menulis. Semua aspek tersebut memberikan peranan penting dalam proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa. Dengan adanya strategi belajar dan pembelajaran diharapkan proses belajar maupun pembelajaran bahasa dapat terlaksana dengan baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam berbahasa. Keterampilan berbahasa yang baik dapat mempermudah individu dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi dan zaman, hal tersebut juga menjadi motivasi agar Bahasa Indonesia dapat diperkenalkan dan dikembangkan ke seluruh dunia. Kata kunci: Strategi pembelajaran, bahasa Indonesia.
Perbandingan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan Tpa Banyuroto Kulon Progo
Authors: Suyatmi Suyatmi , Mulasari Surahma Asti 
Published: May 2020

Sistem pengelolaan sampah kota umumnya dilakukan adalah sistem 3P (pengumpulan, pengangkutan dan pembuangan). Sampah dikumpulkan dari sumbernya, kemudian diangkut ke TPS (Tempat Pembuangan Sementara) dan dibuang ke TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir).Pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia masih menggunakan paradigma lama kumpul-angkut-buang atau dikenal dengan pendekatan akhir (endof-pipe), yaitu sampah dikumpulkan, diangkut,dan dibuang ke tempat pemrosesan akhir sampah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbandingan sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo.Jenispenelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Volume sampah yang masuk ke TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul pada bulan Januari sampai April 2014 sebanyak10.106,1 m3 sedangkan pada TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sebanyak 6.288 m3. Pelayanan pengangkutan yang dilakukan oleh TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto dengandoor to door dan pengambilan padakontainer. Penerimaan sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo petugas mencatatvolume sampah sesuai kapasitas muatan kendaraan tanpa ditimbang. Pengolahan akhir di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul menggunakan metode sanitary landfill, pengolahan akhir di TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo menggunakan metode controlled landfill.TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul belum efektif dalam melakukan pengolahan akhir di TPA sedangkan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sudah efektif melakukan pengolahan akhir untuk mengurangi volume sampah yang masuk ke TPA. Volume sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan volume sampah di TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo. Prosedur pengangkutan dan penerimaan sampah pada kedua TPA ini sama. Pengolahan akhir di TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sudah efektif mengurangi volume sampah.
Análisis de los hábitos de estudio en los estudiantes del primer semestre de la Facultad de Psicología, PUCE
Authors: Vargas Estupiñan Elka Jacqueline , Barahona Cruz Nora Paulina , Verkovitch Irina Eugenievna 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo se basa en los resultados de la investigación exploratoria realizada en la Facultad de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, durante el período comprendido entre marzo 2016 a febrero 2017 (dos semestres consecutivos), que se centró en comprender los hábitos de estudio de los estudiantes que ingresan a la Facultad, para este estudio se utilizó el test Inventario de Hábitos de estudio (IHE) el cual fue aplicado a un total de 250 estudiantes. De las escalas analizadas el estudio concluye que el resultado más bajo se obtiene en Planificación de Estudio, por lo que se proponen acciones para fortalecer esta área. Respecto al factor Condiciones Ambientales, es necesario señalar que esta es una escala de la que no se tendrá control total, debido a la existencia de condiciones extra universitarias que inciden. Sin embargo, realizar cambios en el entorno de estudios puede implicar mejorar en el rendimiento. Las escalas Utilización de Materiales y Asimilación de contenidos, también merecen atención, sobre todo en la detección de los factores relevantes, para potenciarlos en el trabajo individual y grupal que cada docente realiza en el aula. Esta información permite iniciar la elaboración del perfil de entrada del estudiante de Psicología.
Análisis de la Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades y otras disposiciones como apoyo a los procesos de inclusión
Authors: Valdivieso Miño Gina Marcela , Lalama Rovayo Ruth Magdalena 
Published: May 2020

Las personas con discapacidad (PCD) han estado desprotegidas por muchos años, y en muchos casos excluidas y discriminadas, lo que ha generado una baja autoestima en las mismas. Con el estudio realizado, se procura dar a conocer la existencia y disposiciones contenidas en la legislación que pretenden, establecer acciones directas que favorezcan la inclusión y bienestar de las PCD. Si bien el Ecuador ha avanzado en este tema a nivel político y jurídico, aún se observa contradicciones entre ellas. El momento que la PCD quiere ejercer sus derechos, la falta de información y el sinnúmero de procedimientos imposibilitan su acceso a los mismos. Pretenderemos describir el marco conceptual de qué se entiende por discapacidad y además, realizar un análisis bibliográfico del marco jurídico que rige en el país, para finalmente contrastarlo con la realidad ecuatoriana, los servicios dispuestos, responderse a la pregunta planteada acerca de la complejidad que se presenta para una persona con discapacidad que desea acceder a los servicios requeridos y emitir las conclusiones y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones sobre este tema.
La praxis educativa como acontecimiento ético: Una aproximación a las propuestas de mélich y savater
Authors: VILAIN ROGER 
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo pretendemos indagar la propuesta ético-educativa de Joan Carles Mélich (1994) y sus posibles vínculos con las ideas de Fernando Savater (1999, 2004). Creemos que el ámbito de la educación y la ética son dos planos que en Mélich y Savater permanecen inextricables, de modo que esta, como filosofía moral que hurga los valores de un nuevo modo de vivir en sociedad, implica la irrupción de un acontecimiento educativo que marca de forma indeleble al educando. Así, el individuo o “yo” debe construirse a partir de la relación mutua con un “tú” reconocido como ontológicamente igual, al punto de que la comunidad resultante, es decir la sociedad, se deriva de la interacción permanente entre sujetos que imponen mutuamente responsabilidades, respetos, dignidades (Kant, 2002), que desembocan en una concepción de la educación en tanto revelación de la condición humana. Los discursos educativos sobre los que se asienta este trabajo corresponden a las propuestas de Joan Carles Mélich (1994) y Fernando Savater (1999, 2004), reportadas en las respectivas referencias bibliográficas.Se trata de una investigación de tipo descriptivo-explicativo cuyo enfoque epistemológico es intuitivo-introspectivo.
LA ECONOMETRÍA EN EL ECUADOR SUS ANTECEDENTES Y PRIMEROS PASOS
Authors: Dávila Andrade Oswaldo 
Published: May 2020

Este artículo repasa, a grandes rasgos, cómo nacieron, maduraron y seconsolidaron algunos conceptos y definiciones teóricas fundamentales quese usan en una disciplina incorporada oficialmente al lenguaje científico, tales como econometría.Cuenta de la experiencia del autor a principios de los 60 en el uso y losavatares de esta herramienta científica, en un país de escaso desarrollo como el Ecuador de entonces. Relata cómo la planificación contribuyó a diseñar y aplicar modelos econométricos, útiles y sin pretensiones, compensando con esfuerzo humano e ingenio la carencia de hardware que sufrían los países periféricos frente a los centros hegemónicos de poder.La vertiginosa transformación tecnológica que ocurrió a fines del siglo XX es ilustrada con ejemplos actuales, los cuales llevan a que el autor termine el ejercicio expresando una mezcla de esperanza y temor hacia ese híper-tecnológico futuro que ya está aquí: la Revolución 5.0.
APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS: UNA HERRAMIENTA ACADÉMICA DE AUTO APRENDIZAJE EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE SEXTO NIVEL DE LA CARRERA DE PSICOLOGÍA QUE CURSAN LA MATERIA DE TRASTORNOS DE PERSONALIDAD
Authors: Díaz T. Alejandra , Lárraga O. Paula , Miño T. Belén , Robayo CH. Jessy 
Published: May 2020

El ABP (aprendizaje basado en problemas), es un método de aprendizaje moderno que varios docentes han optado por aplicar a sus estudiantes, dejando de lado el método tradicional de enseñanza. El foco o eje principal de este método son los estudiantes, especialmente los que pertenecen a estudios superiores, los cuales adquieren por su propia cuenta con la supervisión y ayuda de su tutor a cargo: conocimientos, habilidades y aptitudes a través de situaciones de la vida real asociadas a la teoría revisada en clase.El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la efectividad del ABP como herramienta académica en los estudiantes de sexto nivel de la carrera de Psicología que cursan la materia de trastornos de personalidad. Para evidenciar el correcto uso y el aprendizaje obtenido por los estudiantes de sexto nivel (grupo uno y dos) de psicología laboral, se utilizará el método cuantitativo a través de encuestas online, con el fin de analizar y comprobar información y datos obtenidos para lograr el objetivo planteado.Como conclusión hemos logrado conocer el proceso y su impacto con oportunidades u obstáculos causados por el método ABP en los estudiantes, con el fin de evidenciar capacidades y aptitudes adquiridas por los equipos de trabajo a lo largo del semestre, garantizando la efectividad de este nuevo método de estudio.
Design of a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in 0.13 um CMOS
Authors: Júnior Isaías de Sousa Barbosa , Silverio Freire Raimundo Carlos , Procopio Venuto Edelson da Silva 
Published: May 2020

Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA's) are circuits capable of conveniently changing their gain to address various levels of amplification. Knowing this, the topology proposed in this work takes a source degenerated first stage, a common-source with resistive load second stage, and a gm boosting circuit interface to realize a PGA that has low power consumption and low area. The design developed was able to achieve a maximum power dissipation of 103.1 uW, a minimum bandwidth of 5.59 MHz, a maximum noise of 32.01 nV/sqrt(Hz), and a gain range of 2.31 - 19.84 dB. Each differential output of the circuit is loaded with 700 fF, which is the estimated load for the hypothetical following block, the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Furthermore, the supply voltage of the circuit is 1 V and the design was undertaken on Global Foundrie's 130 nm technology. The phase margin of the core circuit is no greater than 100.3˚ and no less than 49˚ . The circuit which design is described in this work is intended to be within the receiver (RX) sub-domain of a Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) system, which finds applications on the IoT and healthcare industries, for instance.
PENGARUH INOKULASI BAKTERI Rhizobium japanicum TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KACANG KEDELAI (Glycine max L)
Authors: Pattipeilohy M , Sopacua Raymond 
Published: May 2020

Background: In Indonesia, soy is the third crop after rice and maize. Not only as a food ingredient, soybean (Glycine max L) also known as animal feed and industry.
Method: The materials used in this study are Rhizobin, seed soybeans, sugar, and ground. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of one factor, ie the number of Rhizobium inoculation, with concentrations: A0 = Control, A1 = concentration of 3 g, A2 = Concentration 5 g, and A3 = concentration of 7 g. Each treatment was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by honest significant difference test at significant level of 0.5% and 0.1%.
Result: Delivery of bacterial inoculation treatments gave a significant influence on plant height, leaf number, and the number of soybean root nodules, obtained on treatment of Rhizobium inoculation A3 = concentration of 7g. T treatment of bacterial inoculation of soybeans increases the diameter of the rod, but no significant effect on stem diameter of soybean.
Conclusion: Bacteria Rhizobium inoculation japanicum significant effect on the growth of soybean plant, ie plant height, number of leaves and number of root nodules, but no significant effect on stem diameter. Concentration Inoculation of Rhizobium bacteria are the most influential on A3 concentrations (7g), followed by concentration of A2 (5g), then the concentration of A1 (3g), and control (A0).
KAJIAN TENTANG LAMA FERMENTASI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata) TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN MIKROBA DAN KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK TUAK
Authors: Mussa Riska 
Published: May 2020

Background: Nira palm (Arenga pinnata) is favored by the people because it can be consumed directly and processed for food. It is characteristic palm juice (A. pinnata) can undergo fermentation because the sugar content is quite high and the presence of yeast in it. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between palm juice fermentation (A. pinnata) with the presence and abundance of microbial and organoleptic quality of wine.
Methods: The study was conducted on 2-5 June 2011 in the Basic Biology Laboratory Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Pattimura University.
Results: The abundance of yeast is more prevalent at the beginning of fermentation 0-5 hours, amounting to 27.1 x 106 to 48.8 x 106, while the number of bacteria over a lot of yeast in the fermentation time of 10 hours is 21.0 x 106, and after 15 hours, the amount of yeast and bacterial abundance due to a succession of diminishing the number of yeast 12.8 x 106 and 12.3 x 106 bacterial counts.
Conclusion: The result of organoleptic quality wine, the color of the indicator does not change while the best indicator of flavor found in the fermentation time 0 hours, and the aroma of the best indicators of the fermentation time of 15 hours.