bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of 3D spatial correlations between state variables and distances to the grain boundary network in full-field crystal plasticity spectral method simulations
Authors: Kühbach Markus , Roters Franz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Deformation microstructure heterogeneities play a pivotal role during dislocation patterning and interface network restructuring. Thereby, they affect indirectly how the microstructure recrystallizes. Given this relevance, it has become common practice to study the evolution of deformation microstructure heterogeneities with 3D experiments and full-field crystal plasticity computer simulations including tools such as the spectral method. Quantifying material point to grain or phase boundary distances, though, is a practical challenge with spectral method crystal plasticity models because these discretize the material volume rather than mesh explicitly the grain and phase boundary interface network. This limitation calls for specific data post-processing methods to quantify the spatial correlations between state variable values at each material point and the points’ corresponding distance to the closest grain or phase boundary. This work contributes to the development of advanced such post-processing routines. Specifically, two grain reconstruction and three distancing methods are developed for solving above challenge. The individual strengths and limitations of these methods surplus the efficiency of their parallel implementation is assessed with an exemplary Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit large scale crystal plasticity study. We apply the new tool to assess the evolution of subtle stress and disorientation gradients towards grain boundaries.
Threshold for blowup for the supercritical cubic wave equation
Authors: Glogić Irfan , Maliborski Maciej , Schörkhuber Birgit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We consider the focusing cubic wave equation in the energy supercritical case, i.e. in dimensions

. For this model an explicit nontrivial self-similar blowup solution was recently found by the first and third author in Glogić and Schörkhuber (2018 (arXiv:1810.07681)). Furthermore, the solution is proven to be co-dimension one stable in d  =  7. In this paper, we study the equation from a numerical point of view. For d  =  5 and d  =  7 in the radial case, we provide evidence that this solution is at the threshold between generic ODE blowup and dispersion. In addition, we investigate the spectral problem that underlies the stability analysis and compute the spectrum in general supercritical dimensions.
Nonlinear patterns shaping the domain on which they live
Authors: Ruppert Mirko , Ziebert Falko , Zimmermann Walter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nonlinear stripe patterns in two spatial dimensions break the rotational symmetry and generically show a preferred orientation near domain boundaries, as described by the famous Newell–Whitehead–Segel (NWS) equation. We first demonstrate that, as a consequence, stripes favour rectangular over quadratic domains. We then investigate the effects of patterns ‘living’ in deformable domains by introducing a model coupling a generalized Swift–Hohenberg model to a generic phase field model describing the domain boundaries. If either the control parameter inside the domain (and therefore the pattern amplitude) or the coupling strength (‘anchoring energy’ at the boundary) are increased, the stripe pattern self-organizes the domain on which it ‘lives’ into anisotropic shapes. For smooth phase field variations at the domain boundaries, we simultaneously find a selection of the domain shape and the wave number of the stripe pattern. This selection shows further interesting dynamical behavior for rather steep variations of the phase field across the domain boundaries. The here-discovered feedback between the anisotropy of a pattern and its orientation at boundaries is relevant e.g. for shaken drops or biological pattern formation during development.
Minimal seesaw extension for neutrino mass and mixing, leptogenesis and dark matter: FIMPzillas through the right-handed neutrino portal
Authors: Chianese Marco , Fu Bowen , King Stephen F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We propose a minimal seesaw extension to simultaneously account for realistic neutrino mass and mixing, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis and a viable dark matter relic density, in which two right-handed neutrinos are coupled to a dark Dirac fermion and complex scalar field, both charged under a global U(1)
D
symmetry. As a concrete example, we consider the Littlest Seesaw model which describes neutrino mass and mixing and accounts for leptogenesis, thereby fixing the neutrino Yukawa couplings and right-handed neutrino masses. By considering the freeze-in production mechanism of dark matter, we explore the parameter space of right-handed neutrino portal couplings and dark particle masses which give the correct dark matter relic abundance, focussing on the case of a superheavy Dirac fermion dark matter particle, with a mass around 1010 GeV. Such a FIMPzilla can provide a successful explanation of the dark matter relic abundance, with its production reliant on neutrino Yukawa couplings over much of the parameter space, depending on the assumed dark particle masses, and the reheat temperature.
Accounting for polarization–related effects in the measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function
Authors: Calderón A , Ferrero A , Campos J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
When measuring the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) to characterize typical materials, the effect of the polarization of the light source or the dependence of the detector on the polarization is not usually considered, even though many studies have proven their impact in the uncertainty of the BRDF of most materials, including diffuse reflectance standards. A methodology to assess polarization-related effects proposed by other authors has been tested in this work for the measurement of the BRDF of four typical materials used for realizing white diffuse reflectance standards (ceramic tile, barium sulfate, Spectralon and Russian opal glass). Relative systematic error due to polarizing conditions is calculated as a combination of the instrument polarization bias and sample-based coefficients, and the impact of the proposed methodology on the uncertainty is discussed.
African Americans, Haiti, and the Incessant Common Wind
Authors: Byrd Brandon R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 2018 publication of Julius S. Scott’s The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution inspired a renewed focus on the reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Here, six scholars of the Atlantic World and the Age of Revolutions consider the historiographical implications of The Common Wind and remind us how the Haitian upheaval belongs at the very center of the ripples of modernity that spread across the globe from the revolutionary Atlantic.
A Quantitative General Population Job Exposure Matrix for Occupational Noise Exposure
Authors: Stokholm Zara Ann , Erlandsen Mogens , Schlünssen Vivi , Basinas Ioannis , Bonde Jens Peter , Peters Susan , Brandt Jens , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Kolstad Henrik Albert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOccupational noise exposure is a known risk factor for hearing loss and also adverse cardiovascular effects have been suggested. A job exposure matrix (JEM) would enable studies of noise and health on a large scale. The objective of this study was to create a quantitative JEM for occupational noise exposure assessment of the general working population. Between 2001–2003 and 2009–2010, we recruited workers from companies within the 10 industries with the highest reporting of noise-induced hearing loss according to the Danish Working Environment Authority and in addition workers of financial services and children day care to optimize the range in exposure levels. We obtained 1343 personal occupational noise dosimeter measurements among 1140 workers representing 100 different jobs according to the Danish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (DISCO 88). Four experts used 35 of these jobs as benchmarks and rated noise levels for the remaining 337 jobs within DISCO 88. To estimate noise levels for all 372 jobs, we included expert ratings together with sex, age, occupational class, and calendar year as fixed effects, while job and worker were included as random effects in a linear mixed regression model. The fixed effects explained 40% of the total variance: 72% of the between-jobs variance, −6% of the between-workers variance and 4% of the within-worker variance. Modelled noise levels showed a monotonic increase with increasing expert score and a 20 dB difference between the highest and lowest exposed jobs. Based on the JEM estimates, metal wheel-grinders were among the highest and finance and sales professionals among the lowest exposed. This JEM of occupational noise exposure can be used to prioritize preventive efforts of occupational noise exposure and to provide quantitative estimates of contemporary exposure levels in epidemiological studies of health effects potentially associated with noise exposure.
Quantification of light interception within image-based 3-D reconstruction of sole and intercropped canopies over the entire growth season
Authors: Zhu Binglin , Liu Fusang , Xie Ziwen , Guo Yan , Li Baoguo , Ma Yuntao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Light interception is closely related to canopy architecture. Few studies based on multi-view photography have been conducted in a field environment, particularly studies that link 3-D plant architecture with a radiation model to quantify the dynamic canopy light interception. In this study, we combined realistic 3-D plant architecture with a radiation model to quantify and evaluate the effect of differences in planting patterns and row orientations on canopy light interception.

Methods
The 3-D architectures of maize and soybean plants were reconstructed for sole crops and intercrops based on multi-view images obtained at five growth dates in the field. We evaluated the accuracy of the calculated leaf length, maximum leaf width, plant height and leaf area according to the measured data. The light distribution within the 3-D plant canopy was calculated with a 3-D radiation model. Finally, we evaluated canopy light interception in different row orientations.

Key Results
There was good agreement between the measured and calculated phenotypic traits, with an R2 &gt;0.97. The light distribution was more uniform for intercropped maize and more concentrated for sole maize. At the maize silking stage, 85 % of radiation was intercepted by approx. 55 % of the upper canopy region for maize and by approx. 33 % of the upper canopy region for soybean. There was no significant difference in daily light interception between the different row orientations for the entire intercropping and sole systems. However, for intercropped maize, near east–west orientations showed approx. 19 % higher daily light interception than near south–north orientations. For intercropped soybean, daily light interception showed the opposite trend. It was approx. 49 % higher for near south–north orientations than for near east–west orientations.

Conclusions
The accurate reconstruction of 3-D plants grown in the field based on multi-view images provides the possibility for high-throughput 3-D phenotyping in the field and allows a better understanding of the relationship between canopy architecture and the light environment.
Females of a solitary bee reject males to collect food for offspring
Authors: Dutra Ana Laura , Schlindwein Clemens , Oliveira Reisla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe time dedicated to courtship and copulation is the most general cost of mating for females. However, quantitative estimates of this cost and the consequences for female mating behavior have been investigated for only a few model organisms and mostly under laboratory conditions. We determined the costs of copulations and persistent courtship by males in terms of time for females of the solitary bee Anthrenoides micans. We estimated the rate and duration of male mating behaviors and the consequences for sexual interactions for females with respect to the loss of foraging opportunity in the wild. Males invested most of their time searching for mates and intercepted foraging females every 3 min. Copulas lasted, on average, 10 times longer than the time females took to resist male mating attempts. Despite the high frequency of these rejections (82%), females spent 3-fold more time copulating than rejecting males. Considering the rate of encounters with males and the mean duration of flower visits by females, we estimated that females would perform 64% fewer flower visits per hour if they accepted all copulation attempts. The loss of time is especially significant in the natural habitat of the species, where host cacti blossom for extraordinary short periods of time and females compete with other cacti-specialized bees and conspecifics. Because the offspring production of a female solitary bee depends on its pollen collection capacity, reduced foraging performance directly influences female reproductive success.
GlycoGlyph: a glycan visualizing, drawing and naming application
Authors: Mehta Akul Y , Cummings Richard D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Glycan structures are commonly represented using symbols or linear nomenclature such as that from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics (also known as modified IUPAC-condensed nomenclature). No current tool allows for writing the name in such format using a graphical user interface (GUI); thus, names are prone to errors or non-standardized representations.

Results
Here we present GlycoGlyph, a web application built using JavaScript, which is capable of drawing glycan structures using a GUI and providing the linear nomenclature as an output or using it as an input in a dynamic manner. GlycoGlyph also allows users to save the structures as an SVG vector graphic, and allows users to export the structure as condensed GlycoCT.

Availability and implementation
The application can be used at: https://glycotoolkit.com/Tools/GlycoGlyph/. The application is tested to work in modern web browsers such as Firefox or Chrome.

Contact
aymehta@bidmc.harvard.edu or rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu
First European Haplotype of Echinococcus multilocularis Identified in the United States: An Emerging Disease?
Authors: Polish Louis B , Pritt Bobbi , Barth Thomas F E , Gottstein Bruno , O’Connell Elise M , Gibson Pamela C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Echinococcus multilocularis is one of the most severe and lethal parasitic diseases of humans, most often reported in Europe and Asia. Only 1 previous case has been documented in the contiguous United States from Minnesota in 1977. European haplotypes have been identified in carnivores and domestic dogs as well as recently in patients in western and central Canada.

Methods
We used immunohistochemical testing with the monoclonal antibody Em2G11 and a species-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay affinity-purified antigen Em2, as well as COX1 gene sequencing.

Results
Using pathology, immunohistochemical staining, specific immunodiagnostic testing, and COX1 gene sequencing, we were able to definitively identify E. multilocularis as the causative agent of our patient’s liver and lung lesions, which clustered most closely with the European haplotype.

Conclusions
We have identified the first case of a European haplotype E. multilocularis in the United States and the first case of this parasitic infection east of the Mississippi River. Given the identification of this haplotype in Canada, this appears to be an emerging infectious disease in North America.
Out-of-Sequence Vaccinations With Measles Vaccine and Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine: A Reanalysis of Demographic Surveillance Data From Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Clipet-Jensen Clara , Andersen Andreas , Jensen Aksel Karl Georg , Aaby Peter , Zaman K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to delays in vaccinations, diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell-pertussis (DTP) is often given with or after measles vaccine (MV)—out of sequence. We reanalyzed data from Matlab, Bangladesh, to examine how administration of MV and DTP out-of-sequence was associated with child survival.MethodsIn sum, 36 650 children born between 1986 and 1999 were followed with registration of vaccinations and survival. Controlling for background factors using Cox proportional hazards models, survival was analyzed between 9 and 24 months of age. We measured the mortality rate ratio (MRR) to compare vaccination groups. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) campaigns, which started in 1995, reduced the mortality rate and reduced the difference between vaccination groups. In the main analysis, we therefore censored for OPV campaigns; there were 151 nonaccident deaths before the OPV campaigns.ResultsCompared with MV administered alone (MV-only), DTP administered with or after MV had MRR 2.20 (1.31–3.70), and DTP-only had MRR 1.78 (1.01–3.11). Compared with MV-only, DTP administered with MV had a female-male MRR 0.56 (0.13–2.38), significantly different to DTP administered after MV, which had MRR 14.83 (1.88–117.1), test of interaction P = .011. Compared with having DTP (no MV) as most recent vaccination, MV-only had a nonaccident MRR of 0.56 (0.32–0.99).ConclusionThe negative effects of non-live DTP with or after live MV are not explained merely by selection bias. These observations support a live-vaccine-last policy where DTP should not be given with or after MV.
Impaired myocardial reserve underlies reduced exercise capacity and heart rate recovery in preterm-born young adults
Authors: Huckstep Odaro J , Burchert Holger , Williamson Wilby , Telles Fernando , Tan Cheryl M J , Bertagnolli Mariane , Arnold Linda , Mohamed Afifah , McCormick Kenny , Hanssen Henner , Leeson Paul , Lewandowski Adam J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
We tested the hypothesis that the known reduction in myocardial functional reserve in preterm-born young adults is an independent predictor of exercise capacity (peak VO2) and heart rate recovery (HRR).

Methods and results
We recruited 101 normotensive young adults (n = 47 born preterm; 32.8 ± 3.2 weeks’ gestation and n = 54 term-born controls). Peak VO2 was determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and lung function assessed using spirometry. Percentage predicted values were then calculated. HRR was defined as the decrease from peak HR to 1 min (HRR1) and 2 min of recovery (HRR2). Four-chamber echocardiography views were acquired at rest and exercise at 40% and 60% of CPET peak power. Change in left ventricular ejection fraction from rest to each work intensity was calculated (EFΔ40% and EFΔ60%) to estimate myocardial functional reserve. Peak VO2 and per cent of predicted peak VO2 were lower in preterm-born young adults compared with controls (33.6 ± 8.6 vs. 40.1 ± 9.0 mL/kg/min, P = 0.003 and 94% ± 20% vs. 108% ± 25%, P = 0.001). HRR1 was similar between groups. HRR2 decreased less in preterm-born young adults compared with controls (−36 ± 13 vs. −43 ± 11 b.p.m., P = 0.039). In young adults born preterm, but not in controls, EFΔ40% and EFΔ60% correlated with per cent of predicted peak VO2 (r2 = 0.430, P = 0.015 and r2 = 0.345, P = 0.021). Similarly, EFΔ60% correlated with HRR1 and HRR2 only in those born preterm (r2 = 0.611, P = 0.002 and r2 = 0.663, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Impaired myocardial functional reserve underlies reductions in peak VO2 and HRR in young adults born moderately preterm. Peak VO2 and HRR may aid risk stratification and treatment monitoring in this population.
Inverted takotsubo syndrome complicated with cardiogenic shock requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma: a case report
Authors: Faria Bebiana Manuela Monteiro , Português João , Roncon-Albuquerque Jr Roberto , Pimentel Rodrigo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is characterized by a transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and rarely presents with cardiogenic shock (CS). Inverted TS (ITS) is a rare entity associated with the presence of a pheochromocytoma.

Case summary
We present a case of a young woman was admitted to the emergency department due to intense headache, chest discomfort, palpitations, and breathlessness. An ITS secondary to a pheochromocytoma crisis presenting with CS was diagnosed. The patient was managed with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, until recovery of LV function. On the 35th day of hospitalization, open bilateral adrenalectomy was performed.

Discussion
Takotsubo syndrome patients presenting with CS are challenging and clinicians should be aware of underlying causes. Specific triggers such as pheochromocytoma should systematically be considered particularly if ITS was presented. Extracorporeal life support devices could provide temporary mechanical circulatory support in patients with TS on refractory CS and help to manage complex cases with TS due to pheochromocytoma.
Supracardiac atherosclerosis in embolic stroke of undetermined source: the underestimated source
Authors: Ntaios George , Wintermark Max , Michel Patrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe term ‘embolic stroke of undetermined source’ (ESUS) is used to describe patients with a non-lacunar ischaemic stroke without any identified embolic source from the heart or the arteries supplying the ischaemic territory, or any other apparent cause. When the ESUS concept was introduced, covert atrial fibrillation was conceived to be the main underlying cause in the majority of ESUS patients. Another important embolic source in ESUS is the atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid, vertebrobasilar, and intracranial arteries, or the aortic arch—collectively described as supracardiac atherosclerosis. There is emerging evidence showing that the role of supracardiac atherosclerosis is larger than it was initially perceived. Advanced imaging methods are available to identify plaques which high embolic risk. The role of novel antithrombotic strategies in these patients needs to be assessed in randomized controlled trials. This review presents the evidence which points towards a major aetiological association between atherosclerotic plaques and ESUS, summarizes the imaging features which may aid to identify plaques more likely to be associated with ESUS, discusses strategies to reduce the associated stroke risk, and highlights the rationale for future research in this field.