bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of amine-impregnated silica gel for potential carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption
Authors: Mohamad N F , Abdul Rani N H , Onn M , Sayed Jamaludin S I , Ahmad Shafiq A S I , Wan Yeit W M Y , Zulkifli N A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The rising of CO2 concentration in atmosphere become global concern due to its effect to the global warming. One potentially economical for CO2 capture is through adsorption using solid sorbents. Silica gel has potential to adsorb carbon dioxide with modification of silica gel with amine groups which provide specific adsorption sides for carbon dioxide adsorption. Therefore, a study of impregnated silica gel with amine for carbon dioxide adsorption was done. A series of characterization was made between raw silica and impregnated silica with amine. Based on the results from Iodine Test Analysis and DSC characterization, it can be stated that the modification of Raw Desiccant Silica Gel (DSG) which had been modified with Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APMS), 95% had the highest possibilities of percentage to absorb CO2 from the environment with iodine value of 2736.85 mg/g that indicate the porosity and surface area of the adsorbent is higher. Amine 1A consist of 17.84 % of carbon, 5.41 % of hydrogen and 6.44 % of nitrogen. For FTIR result, Amine 1A has Si-O-Si stretching, C-C stretching, N-C stretching and C-N stretching due to the impregnation of amine to the raw silica gel. From DSC analysis, the higher the peak shows that water molecule bound to Amine 1A evaporated at a higher temperature of 92.4°C shows the highest porosity and have highest possibility as adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.
Investigation towards salt rejection performance on thin film composite membrane prepared through single layer method and layer by layer method
Authors: Mustafa H , Onn M , Zainuddin A , Abu Talip A R , Mohammad Iliyas S M , Sean G P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) membrane has becomes a promising membrane technology due to its lower energy consumption and high salt rejection performance. However, in prolong application, FO membrane is susceptible to internal concentration polymerization (ICP) that reduce water flux through the membrane. Therefore, layer by layer (LbL) method was proposed to improve the FO performance. This study focused on the effect of fabrication method to cast thin film composite (TFC) membrane using SL method and LbL method. The membranes were prepared using interfacial polymerization technique and tested through salt rejection experiment. Theoretically, LbL method should provide high salt rejection value as it is good at controlling the structures and thickness compare to SL method. However, from the testing, the results showed that the salt rejection value of TFC membrane using SL technique is higher (97.17%) compared to LbL technique (73.33%). Thus, it is suggested, co-casting method should be used towards the TFC membrane for future studies due to its advantageous over SL and LbL method.
Acid treated corn stalk adsorbent for removal of alizarin yellow dye in wastewater
Authors: Ismail M I , Fadzil M S M , Rosmadi N N F , Razali N R A M , Mohamad Daud A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wastewaters generated from textile industry are mostly contained high concentration of dyes pollutant. Commercial dyes are difficult to treat due to their complex structure and synthetic origin. An untreated dye discharged through the wastewater system affect the environment. Most of the conventional methods that have been used for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater had resulted in varying degree of success. In the present study, corn stalk residue from the corn industry has been used to remove the Alizarin Yellow (AY) dye. The corn stalk was treated by hydrochloric acid (HCl) in order to improve the porosity of the adsorbent for the AY dye removal. The adsorption capacity and percentage removal of AY dye at varying adsorbent dosage, initial AY dye concentration and adsorption time onto acid treated corn stalk adsorbent sample was examined by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The percentage removal and adsorption capacity increases with the adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and adsorption time. Maximum AY dye percentage removal of 75.85% was achieved using 0.6 g corn stalk adsorbent at 20ppm AY dye concentration. The adsorption increases rapidly in the first 10 min to about 70% and extending the adsorption time do not further increase the adsorption of the AY dyes. Adsorption data were modelled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both models adequately described the adsorption process with RL value of 0.049 (0<RL<1) for Langmuir and n value of 0.028 (n greater than 1) for Freundlich model which indicated that the adsorption was favourable. These results showed that acid treated corn stalk has the potential to be employed as an effective absorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater.
Investigation of water absorption and strength performances on concrete bricks containing Malaysian thermal power plant coal bottom ash (CBA)
Authors: Sayed Jamaludin S I , Abdul Rani N H , Mohamad N F 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoal Bottom Ash (CBA) is normally associated as a by-product from the thermal power plants. Due to the current situation where the power plant is facing an increase in the production of CBA at an alarming rate reaching up to hundreds of thousands of tonnes in Malaysia alone, without known economic value CBA commonly ends up in ash ponds. As sustainable solid waste management has become a growing concern, this research present the recent development achieved on the utilization of CBA as partial replacement of cement in concrete bricks manufacturing. The influence of different amount of CBA on the water absorption, compressive strength performances and UPV test on bricks are presented. With the addition of CBA as a partial replacement of cement also causes an increase in physical performance compared to regular bricks. As a conclusion, the bricks produced passed the required value of typical commercial bricks for water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and compressive strength test for industrial purposes. Hence, incorporating CBA in construction materials will significantly reduce the dumping of the by-products in landfills and thus reduce the adverse effect towards the environmental.
Consolidation settlement and buoyancy behaviour for different thickness of polyurethane foam as a ground improvement
Authors: Lat D C , Mohamed Jais I B , Ali N , Wan Kamaruddin W M I , Nor Zarin N H W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lightweight polyurethane (PU) foam is an alternative ground improvement method to resolve soft ground problem. In this study, Rowe Cell laboratory test is executed to determine the consolidation settlement of marine clay soil improved with polyurethane foam. The ground improvement is carried out by excavate the soft soil at shallow depth and replace with polyurethane foam. The performance for different thickness of PU foam as a ground improvement is evaluated. The comparison is made between partial replacement of PU foam on saturated marine clay and water in order to determine the buoyancy and uplift behaviour of the ground improved with lightweight PU foam. The percentage thickness of PU foam to soft clay layer and water varies from 20% to 80%. The correlation between PU foam thickness coefficient and compressibility index, Cc value for PU foam partial replacement on water and saturated soil are adopted in this study with the respective equations. The settlement reduces significantly with the increase of PU foam thickness for both soil and water conditions.
The study of buoyancy behaviour of polyurethane foam as a ground improvement by constant rate strain test
Authors: Lat D C , Ali N , Mohamed Jais I B , Mohd Yunus N Z , Zainuddin A N , Mat Yusof D A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The buoyancy of lightweight polyurethane (PU) foam as a ground improvement is of important aspect to be investigated to ensure the stability of the founded structure. Constant Rate Strain test (CRS) was carried out to evaluate the buoyancy behavior of PU foam in water and to determine the effect of different water content of the marine clay to the settlement and uplift in short term undrained condition. The percentage thickness of PU foam to soft clay layer and water varies from 10% to 80%. The buoyant force of PU foam to immerse at the water surface depends on the thickness of PU foam that displaces the water. On top of that, water content in the soil has a crucial effect on the buoyancy of PU foam. For PU foam partial replacement on water, the downward displacement is very less compared to the settlement for PU foam partial replacement on marine clay soil due to higher buoyant force produced in the earlier condition. However, the settlement for improved condition of marine clay reduces significantly compared to the condition of existing condition. In addition, the reduction in soil weight as part of the soil is replaced with lightweight PU foam assist to reduce the overburden load imposed on the soil. Therefore, settlement reduces significantly with the increase in PU foam thickness. The verification of the buoyancy test results was done using finite element model PLAXIS 2D.
Development of linear regression model for brick waste generation in Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Hassan S H , Aziz H A , Zakariah Z , Noor S M , Majid M R A , Karim N A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Construction waste generation is one of the challenging tasks that related to the materials used at site. Brick waste (BW) is also part of the waste generated in construction sites. This paper determines the brick waste generated in construction stages and conducts linear regression analysis for the amount of brick waste generated. The brick waste management practices are also revealed in this study. The method used in this study was Linear Regression Model. The regression model established based on the sample data reported an R2 value of 0.78; therefore, the model can predict approximately 78% of the factor (area) involved in brick waste generation. Specifically, the prediction model is focusing on the relationship between the area of work and the amount of brick waste generated. Moreover, the linear regressions can be applied as tools to predict the brick waste generated at construction sites and as a tool for the contractor to track the brick waste sources in the future.
Factors influencing nanotechnology acceptance: benefits, potential risk, government support and attitude
Authors: Rahim R A , Kassim E S , Sari N A M , Abdullah S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine issues of benefits (B), potential risks (PR), government support (GS) and attitude (AT) that influence the acceptance (AC) of nanotechnology in Malaysia. Respondent were selected based on purposive sampling and generally they represent the various social groups in the country (n=1207). The findings of the study provide a strong support of the relationships, which theorizes for the roles played by each determinant, either positively or negatively. Almost equal results were obtained to determine nanotechnology acceptance between benefits, potential risks and government support.
Effect of reaction conditions in the catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate to produce fatty acid methyl ester
Authors: Wan Kamis W Z , Azuwar W N , Ali Bashah N A , Isa N , Syed-Hassan S S A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained via esterification process is an alternative for industrial and transportation fuel. In this study, chromium-titanium mixed oxides catalyst synthesized via sol-gel method was used to catalyse the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to produce FAME. Esterification was conducted in a batch reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, methanol to PFAD molar ratio, reaction time and reusability of catalyst were studied. Reaction conditions yielding the best performance of 89% FAME content were reaction temperature of 160°C, methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 3:1 and reaction time of 3 h. The catalyst can be reused for 3 times with 20% performance reduction between the first run and the third run. The results revealed that the mixed oxides of Cr-Ti is a potential heterogeneous catalyst for use in the esterification of high acid value feedstock of PFAD.
Fabrication of NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter and characterization using raman spectroscopy
Authors: Adenan M Z 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gel dosimeter is a kind of radiation dosimetry medium that has been extensively applied in radiotherapy treatment. In this study, the samples of NIPAM-based polymer gel that possessed a good potential as 3D radiation dosimetry were fabricated. The samples of polymer gel were irradiated up to 18 Gy by using gamma irradiator with 60Co sources at a constant dose rate. Upon irradiation, the chemical changes in polymer gel were measured and evaluated by using a Raman spectrometer. Polymerization refers to an increment in Raman intensity at 815 cm-1, assigned for C-C stretching mode of NIPAM polymer gel, as the dose was increased. Consumptions of the co-monomers refers to a decrement in Raman intensities at 1025 cm-1 and 2353 cm-1 assigned for C=C stretching modes of NIPAM and BIS respectively, as the dose was increased. Result showed that following irradiation, the amount of carbon single bonds increases while the amount of carbon covalent bonds decreases.
Estimation of driven pile capacity in soft soil based on limited geotechnical data: A case study
Authors: Harahap M I P , Ibrahim A , Abdul Majid M R , Ling F N L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The lack of qualified geotechnical data for the foundation design process is a present and growing concern among the consultancy practitioners. The clients have been increasingly reluctant to commit to extensive but necessary site investigative program that has no immediate economic benefits or perceived to impede work progress. Consequently, the risk of foundation failure and over-design are a potential reality. Even so, the construction pace is unrelenting. The research attempted to address such a quandary via a project case study with not too dissimilar limitation with respect to the availability of geotechnical data. Selecting the best available data for the type of foundation selected, further analyses were carried out in order to obtain collaborative strength information with the appropriate application of the factor of safety. Next, selection of the governing value from among the derived strength parameter had been based on the currency and accuracy of the testing process. Finally, provisional qualifiers had been attached to the design proposals in case alternate scenarios were encountered during the implementation stage. In the context of the case study, a reasonable driven pile capacity of 15.55 tonnes as determined from the PDA test has been recommended contingent upon the prescribed project scale and ground conditions.
Comparison techniques using phase – loop locked (PLL) and synchronous references frame (SRF) controller to mitigate voltage flicker
Authors: Jamaludin N F , Saidina Omar A M , Isa S S M , Ahmad N D , Ramli S S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Voltage flicker is one of the vital disruptions in electrical distribution power systems. An electric arc furnace is considering as one of the major causes of voltage flicker due to it an unbalanced, nonlinear and time-varying behaviours. Distribution Synchronous static compensator (D-STATCOM) has been shown to be a competent and dynamic device to compensate voltage flicker in power system. This paper presents a comparison between Phase-Loop Locked (PLL) Controller and Synchronous References Frame (SRF) Controller technique for 6-pulse D-STATCOM to compensate voltage flicker due to electric arc furnace load. To observe the effectiveness of the proposed technique, testing has been conducted on IEEE 13 distribution bus test system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of 6-pulse D-STATCOM using PLL Controller compare to the SRF Controller techniques to alleviate the fast-varying voltage flicker.
Influence of bamboo in concrete and beam applications
Authors: Goh L D , Zulkornain A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bamboo is known as one of the quick growing plant due to its unique rhizome-dependent system. Its fiber owns the lowest density in comparison with the other natural fibers. The bamboo fibers can be used as innovative fibers in concrete. It can increase the strength of the concrete and improve the ductility of concrete. This study investigates the influence of different percentages of bamboo fiber in concrete through the compressive strength results. There are three different percentages of bamboo fibers to be incorporated in the concrete. A demonstration of utilising the bamboo as the steel reinforcement replacement is also presented in this study. From this study, an optimum percentage of 0.5% of incorporation of bamboo fiber as an addition in the concrete mix provides the highest compressive strength. From the three point load test, the concrete beam specimen cast with the addition of bamboo fibers yielded the prominent outcome. The findings of this study proved that the bamboos have a good potential for its application in the concrete application.
Evaluation of synthetic bio-phenol resins derived from biomass gasification in bio-adhesive formulation
Authors: Khezri R , Alias A B , Abdul Karim W A W , Motlagh S R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBio-phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated from sustainable biomass sources is an excellent alternative to phenolic petroleum-based adhesives with lower pollution level. This study aimed to formulate bio-adhesive from two types of biomass namely palm kernel shell (PKS) and Leucaena sp. Wood. The intention was to find the best process condition which results in maximum content of bio-phenol in the product. The bio-based phenolic resins (bio-oils) were produced from gasification process and their physical and chemical properties were determined. Both produced bio-oils were involved in formulation of bio-based phenol formaldehyde adhesives (resinification) at different operating conditions (temperature, time and catalyst loading). The chemical functional groups and individual compounds of the phenol resins and bio-adhesive samples were identified by GC-MS. The results indicated that temperature has persistent increasing effect on phenol percent of the bio-oil from Leucaena sp. wood however for the bio-oil from PKS the increase of phenol was until the temperature of 85 °C. Reaction time and catalyst loading were observed to have similar effects on resinification of both bio-oil samples. The bio-adhesive produced under best operating condition has the highest amount of bio-phenol and therefore is considered an environmental friendly adhesive with lower cost and pollution than the petroleum-based types.
Eliminating waste using lean tools and delmia quest simulation
Authors: Hashim S M , Rabilah R , Shah A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Manufacturing industries and servicing providers have successfully implemented lean tools during managing and controlling the activities. This study was carried out at pickle manufacturer one of Small Medium- sized Enterprise (SME) in Malaysia to reduce non-value added activities using some tools from time and motion study and Delmia Quest software. Solutions were suggested to reduce non-value added activities which yielded improvement of 24% and 36% in labor utilization and 25% in daily output.
Heterogeneous fenton-like reaction using Fe3-xMnxO4-MKSF composite catalyst for degradation of acid orange II dye
Authors: Alrozi R , Zubir N A , Amir N , Abdul Rahman N N A , Kamaruddin M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The selection of a good catalyst support is crucial in contributing towards the enhancement catalytic activity of a catalyst. Therefore, in this study, the influence of montmorillonite KSF (MKSF) clay loading in relation with catalytic performance of the resultant composite catalyst has been investigated. The MKSF clay loading were varied at x = 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt%, respectively. Interestingly, Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4-MKSF(40wt%) has shown greater catalytic performance up to 98% of acid orange II (AOII) dye removal in comparison to the Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4 and Fe3O4 catalysts. The AOII degradation kinetic using Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4-MKSF(40wt%) was fitted well with first-order reaction kinetic and the reaction rate increased in the order of Fe3O4>Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4>Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4-MKSF(40wt%). It also demonstrated in the work that Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4-MKSF(40wt%) catalyst can be reused several times without affecting its efficiency. Thus, it can be suggested that MKSF clay as catalyst support played a significant role in enhancing the overall catalytic performance of Fe3-0.3Mn0.3O4 catalyst during the heterogeneous Fenton-line reaction as well as the degradation kinetics of the AOII solutions.
Experimental diagnostics of the flow downstream the gas turbine premixer using planar optical methods
Authors: Chikishev L M , Dulin V M , Lobasov A S , Sharaborin D K , Savitskii A G , Tsatiashvili V V , Nazukin V A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on experimental study of the flow in a model combustion chamber using planar optical methods. The flow was organized by model GT-premixer produced by JSC “EUC-Aviadvigatel”, Perm, Russia. The measurements were carried out in a cold flow without combustion at elevated pressure of 2 atm and air flow rate up to 0.5 kg/s. Acetone vapor was seeded to the flow as a tracer of model fuel. The distributions of local concentration were measured using planar laser-induced fluorescence approach. To measure velocity fields by particle image velocimetry technique, water-glycerol particles were introduced to the air flow. Two series of experiments were accomplished for design and off-design conditions. The pressure drop at the GT-premixer was the same for these two cases. The results for off-design conditions show that fuel concentration distribution drastically depends on the scheme of fuel supply.
Generation of wake-induced thermal fluctuations past a heated bluff body
Authors: Hrebtov M Yu , Nebuchinov A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present the results of LES modelling and PIV experiment of heat exchange between a flow in a wake of a heated bluff body and an array of thin plates. The efficiency of thermal fluctuations generation was investigated with potential applications to waste heat storing by pyroelectric effect. The effect of periodic attachment of wake vortices to the plates was observed both numerically and experimentally. This effect intensifies local heat transfer from fluid to solid and can be used for the possible generation of coherent temperature fluctuations in the plates.
Kinematic characteristics investigation in a transparent swirler of a vortex tube with square cross-section
Authors: Kabardin I K , Gordienko MR , Yavorsky N I , Pravdina M Kh , Polyakova V I , Ezendeeva D P , Kakaulin S V , Meledin V G , Pavlov P A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to experimental investigation of the vortex effect in the Ranque-Hilsch tube using non-contact methods. The vortex tube, which consists of the slit-type swirler made as accelerating vortex chamber, a working channel with a square cross section, a radial diffuser at the hot outlet and a diaphragm at the cold one was used. For optical diagnostics, the vortex chamber (swirler) was equipped with optical windows. On the basis of measurements by the laser Doppler anemometry method, new experimental information about flow at the entrance of the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube was obtained.