bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the 10‐pack‐year rule for favorable human papillomavirus–associated oropharynx carcinoma: A multi‐institution analysis
Authors: Broughman James R. , Xiong David D. , Moeller Benjamin J. , Contrera Kevin J. , Prendes Brandon L. , Lamarre Eric D. , Ku Jamie A. , Burkey Brian B. , Woody Neil M. , Joshi Nikhil P. , Adelstein David J. , Geiger Jessica L. , Frenkel Catherine H. , Milas Zvonimir L. , Brickman Daniel S. , Sumrall Ashley L. , Carrizosa Daniel R. , Greskovich John F. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Ward Matthew C. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundDe‐intensified treatment strategies for early human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) rely on selecting patients with an excellent prognosis. The criterion for enrollment in current de‐intensification trials is ≤10 pack‐years. More nuance to the pack‐year criteria may expand enrollment, improve patient outcomes, and prevent overtreatment. It was hypothesized that patients with more than 10 pack‐years may experience favorable outcomes if smoking cessation has been achieved.MethodsFrom an institutional review board–approved database, patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma treated definitively with radiation with or without chemotherapy were retrospectively identified. Patients with a history of smoking who were eligible for national de‐intensification trials were included (cT1‐2N1‐2b or T3N0‐2b [American Joint Committee on Cancer, seventh edition]). Cox regression with penalized smoothing splines was used to evaluate nonlinear effects of cessation. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to objectively search for relationships between the 2 colinear variables (pack‐years and time since cessation).ResultsAmong 330 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 130 (40%) were never smokers, 139 (42%) were former smokers, and 61 (18%) were current smokers. With standard therapy, all former smokers achieved a progression‐free survival (PFS) rate higher than 91%, regardless of pack‐year exposure. Nonlinear Cox regression demonstrated that more recent cessation was associated with significantly worse PFS even among those with ≤20 pack‐years. RPA demonstrated that only current smokers experienced a 2‐year PFS rate lower than 91%; former smokers, regardless of pack‐years, experienced a 2‐year PFS rate higher than 91%.ConclusionsThe 10‐pack‐year rule may not apply to all early HPV+ OPCs, particularly for former smokers. Future randomized de‐intensification trials should consider a broader and more nuanced approach until the predictive role of smoking status is established.
Exploiting Polythiophenyl‐Triazine‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer with Superior Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Ren Shi‐Bin , Ma Wenyan , Zhang Chong , Chen Lei , Wang Kai , Li Rong‐Rong , Shen Mao , Han De‐Man , Chen Yuxiang , Jiang Jia‐Xing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been heralded as promising energy‐storage materials with advantages such as chemical flexibility, porous structure, and environmentally friendliness. Herein, a novel conjugated microporous polymer was synthesized by integrating triazine, thiophene, and benzothiadiazole into a polymer skeleton, and the Li+‐storage performance for the as‐synthesized polymer anode in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated. Benefiting from the inherent large surface area, plentiful redox‐active units, and hierarchical porous structure, the polymer anode delivered a high Li+ storage capacity up to 1599 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 50 mA g−1 with an excellent rate behavior (363 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and a long‐term cyclability of 326 mAh g−1 over 1500 cycles at 5 A g−1, implying that the newly developed polymer anode offers a great prospect for next‐generation LIBs.
Ordered‐Mesoporous‐Carbon‐Confined Pb/PbO Composites: Superior Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Huang Xin , Song Jinliang , Wu Haoran , Xie Chao , Hua Manli , Hu Yue , Han Buxing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCO2 electroreduction has gained significant interest. However, fabricating cost‐effective nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts that can selectively convert CO2 to a specific product remains highly challenging. Herein, Pb‐based materials consisting of Pb0 and PbO confined in ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) (Pb/PbO@OMC) were constructed for CO2 electroreduction to CO. Interestingly, the activity and selectivity of the Pb/PbO@OMC varied with the molar ratio of Pb0/PbO. The material calcined at 800 °C (Pb/PbO@OMC‐800) with a Pb0/PbO ratio of 0.58 provided the best result with CO as the only carbon‐based product, and the Faradaic efficiency of CO reached 98.3 % at a high current density of 41.3 mA cm−2. Detailed studies indicated that Pb0, PbO, and OMC co‐operated well to enhance the performance of Pb/PbO@OMC‐800, which mainly originated from the good interface between Pb0 and PbO, higher electrochemical active surface area, and faster electron transfer to form the CO2⋅− intermediate.
Infant emotion regulation and cortisol response during the first 2 years of life: Association with maternal parenting profiles
Authors: Wu Qiong , Feng Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the prospective associations among emotion expression, behavioral regulation, and cortisol responses in relation to different maternal parenting behaviors during the first 2 years of the infant's life, among a sample of low‐income families. Participants included 1,141 mother–child pairs, assessed when the infants were 6, 15, and 24 months old. Maternal parenting behaviors were observed at the 6‐month assessment, whereas infant emotion expression, orienting toward mothers, and cortisol responses were measured using a series of emotion‐eliciting tasks at all time points. A latent profile analysis revealed four maternal parenting profiles: Detached, Intrusive, Average, and Engaged. Furthermore, a multiple‐group path model revealed distinct patterns of emotion development for infants within different maternal parenting groups. Among children with Engaged and Average mothers, orienting behaviors tended to predict less negative emotion and cortisol responses, which was associated with more future orienting behaviors. Conversely, among children with Intrusive and Detached mothers, orienting behaviors tended to predict more negative emotion and cortisol responses, which predicted less future orienting behaviors. Findings of this study enhance current understanding of how different profiles of maternal parenting behaviors impact infant emotional development in poverty, with significant implications for intervention programs targeting early mother–infant interactions.
Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity
Authors: Wood Heickman Lauren K. , DeBoer Mark D. , Fasano Alessio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood‐onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases. The small intestine barrier forms a tightly regulated interface of the immune system with the outside world and largely controls the mucosal immune response to non‐self‐antigens, dictating the balance between tolerance and immune response. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of the intercellular tight junctions, important in antigen trafficking, and therefore, is a key player in regulation of the mucosal immune response. While usually tightly controlled, when the zonulin pathway is dysregulated by changes in microbiome composition and function, antigen trafficking control is lost, leading to loss of mucosal tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals. The tenant of this hypothesis is that loss of tolerance would not occur if the zonulin‐dependent intestinal barrier function is restored, thereby preventing the influence of environmental triggers in individuals genetically susceptible to autoimmunity. This review outlines the current research and a structured hypothesis on how a dysregulated small intestinal epithelial barrier, a “leaky gut,” may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in certain individuals at risk of both T1D and celiac disease.
Gut dysbiosis and heart failure: navigating the universe within
Authors: Madan Shivank , Mehra Mandeep R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlternations in gut microbial composition (i.e. loss of microbial diversity or ‘gut dysbiosis’) have been associated with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It has also been suggested that increased chronic low‐level inflammation and immune system dysregulation seen in patients with HFrEF could be related to gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. Hence, the concept of modulating gut microbial composition with the goal of reducing systemic inflammation and controlling HFrEF progression has generated a substantial interest in the scientific community. However, several challenges to the gut dysbiosis theory remain as the exact gut microbial composition in HFrEF patients in these studies is not the same and a common microbiome linked to HFrEF is not yet established. With the advances in culture independent sequencing techniques it has also become evident that the gut microbiome may be much more diverse than previously believed. Further, various ‘omic’ technologies have enabled us to appreciate the potential role of gut microbial metabolites in various physiological processes in the host. Hence, identification of specific gut microbial metabolites may offer an alternative approach at solving this gut microbiome‐HFrEF puzzle. In the current review, we evaluate the concept of gut symbiosis, the potential role of gut dysbiosis in systemic inflammation and HFrEF, and finally highlight the challenges faced by the gut dysbiosis theory in HFrEF and provide a framework for the possible solutions.
Electrochemistry of Novel Phthalocyanines Bearing 1,2,4 Triazole Groups
Authors: Akyüz Duygu , Demirbaş Ümit , Akçay Hakkı Türker , Menteşe Emre , Koca Atıf , Kantekin Halit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe phthalonitrile (3) and triazole substituted metallo phthalocyanines (MPc) (4–7) were prepared. The novel compounds were characterized with spectroscopic data. Electrochemical analyses of metallophthalocyanines (4–7) bearing triazole substituents were performed to investigate redox activity of phthalocyanines (Pcs) ring. While incorporation of Ni2+ and Cu2+ cations in the Pc core only influenced peak positions of Pc ring processes, Co2+ and Cl1−Fe3+ cations of CoPc and FePc gave extra redox couples to the Pc based ones. Releasing the axial Cl1− anion on Fe3+ cation of FePc during the reduction reactions complicated the redox responses. Redox reactions of Co2+ and Fe3+ metal centers also considerable influenced spectral and color responses of these complexes.
Load balancing approach for heterogeneous 2‐tiered wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zafer Mostefa , Senouci Mustapha Reda , Aissani Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of managing power consumption in a heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), composed of Sensor Nodes (SNs), Relay Nodes (RNs), and a Collector Node (CN). The aim is to extend the lifetime of RNs that actively participate in data routing. The proposed approach consists in creating, from the dense initial topology, several 2‐tiered subtopologies, linking the SNs to the CN, without having common RNs. The simultaneous exploitation of these subtopologies in the data routing from the SNs to the CN constitutes a load balancing solution for the considered WSN. Obtained simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in extending the lifetime of the
RNs.
CFD assisted investigation of mechanical juice extraction from cassava leaves and characterization of the products
Authors: Latif Sajid , Romuli Sebastian , Barati Ziba , Müller Joachim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCassava is grown because of its starchy roots, but the leaves being rich in protein are mostly underutilized. For protein recovery, mechanical juice extraction from cassava leaves and the extraction process was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The influence of input variables such as nozzle diameter and rotational speed of the screw was investigated in relation to process efficiency. The highest green juice extraction yield (81.0%) from cassava leaves and dry matter of press cake (61.3%) were achieved by using 4 mm nozzle diameter and 18 rpm screw speed. The protein content of the cassava leaves, press cake, juice sediment, and juice supernatant was found to be 31.5%, 27.7%, 26.2%, and 12.4%, respectively. The crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and total phenolic content mainly accumulated in the press cake. The screw pressing concentrated the amino acids in the press cake and the juice sediment.
Skewness and index futures return
Authors: Jondeau Eric , Wang Xuewu , Yan Zhipeng , Zhang Qunzi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the individual skewness, defined as the average of monthly skewness across firms, performs very well at predicting the return of S&P 500 index futures. This result holds after controlling for the liquidity risk or for the current business cycle conditions. We also find that individual skewness performs very well at predicting index futures returns out‐of‐sample.
Medial temporal lobe regions mediate complex visual discriminations for both objects and scenes: A process‐based view
Authors: Lawrence Ashley V. , Cardoza Jose , Ryan Lee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDebate continues regarding the role of medial temporal lobe regions in object and scene processing. Considerable evidence indicates that the perirhinal cortex (PRC) plays an important role in the perception of objects—namely, in disambiguating complex objects that share conjunctions of features. These findings support a content‐specific view of medial temporal lobe functioning in which PRC is critically important for processing complex objects, while the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and hippocampus (HC) may be selectively engaged during scene processing. However, emerging evidence from both animal and human studies suggest that the PRC is sensitive to spatial configural information as well as object information. In this fMRI study, we observed preliminary evidence for BOLD activation in the PRC during a complex visual discrimination task for objects and scenes, as well as robust activation for both stimulus types in PHC and HC. The results are discussed in light of a recent process‐based model of medial temporal lobe functioning.
Construction of multifunctional fusion proteins with a laminin‐derived short peptide to promote neural differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sharmin Afroza , Adnan Nihad , Haque Amranul , Mashimo Yasumasa , Mie Masayasu , Kobatake Eiry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the functional roles of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the fate of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). An artificially bioengineered ECM provides an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying self‐renewal and differentiation of PSCs, without multiple unknown and variable factors associated with natural substrates. Here, we have engineered multifunctional fusion proteins that are based on peptides from laminin, including p20, RGD, and elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP), where laminin peptides work as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and ELP to promote anchorage. The functionality of these chimeric proteins, referred to as ERE‐p20 and E‐p20, was assessed by determining their ability to immobilize cells on a hydrophobic polystyrene surface, improve mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) attachment, and promote miPSC differentiation to neural progenitors. ERE‐p20 and E‐p20 proteins showed hydrophobic binding saturation to the polystyrene plates around 500 nM (2.39 μg/cm2) and 750 nM (2.27 μg/cm2) protein concentrations, respectively. The apparent maximum cell binding to ERE‐p20 and E‐p20 was approximately 81% and 73%, respectively, relative to gelatin. For neural precursors, neurite outgrowth was enhanced by the presence of RGD and p20 peptides. The expression levels of neuronal marker protein MAP2 were upregulated approximately 2.5‐fold and threefold by ERE‐p20 and E‐p20, respectively, relative to laminin. Overall, we have shown that elastin‐mimetic fusion proteins consisting of p20 with and without RGD peptides are able to induce neuronal differentiation. In conclusion, our newly designed bioengineered fusion proteins allow preparation of specific bioactive matrices or coating/scaffold for miPSCs differentiation.
Modeling-Based Bone Formation in the Human Femoral Neck in Subjects Treated With Denosumab
Authors: Dempster David W , Chines Arkadi , Bostrom Mathias P , Nieves Jeri W , Zhou Hua , Chen Li , Pannacciulli Nico , Wagman Rachel B , Cosman Felicia 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Denosumab is associated with continued gains in hip and spine BMD with up to 10 years of treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Despite potent inhibition of bone remodeling, findings in nonhuman primates suggest modeling-based bone formation (MBBF) may persist during denosumab treatment. This study assessed whether MBBF in the femoral neck (FN) is preserved in the context of inhibited remodeling in subjects receiving denosumab. This open-label study enrolled postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who had received two or more doses of denosumab (60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months [Q6M]) per standard of care and were planning elective total hip replacement (THR) owing to osteoarthritis of the hip. Transverse sections of the FN were obtained after THR and analyzed histomorphometrically. MBBF, based on fluorochrome labeling and presence of smooth cement lines, was evaluated in cancellous, endocortical, and periosteal envelopes of the FN. Histomorphometric parameters were used to assess MBBF and remodeling-based bone formation (RBBF) in denosumab-treated subjects (n = 4; mean age = 73.5 years; range, 70 to 78 years) and historical female controls (n = 11; mean age = 67.8 years; range, 62 to 80 years) obtained from the placebo group of a prior study and not treated with denosumab. All analyses were descriptive. All subjects in both groups exhibited MBBF in the periosteal envelope; in cancellous and endocortical envelopes, all denosumab-treated subjects and 81.8% of controls showed evidence of MBBF. Compared with controls, denosumab-treated subjects showed 9.4-fold and 2.0-fold higher mean values of MBBF in cancellous and endocortical envelopes, respectively, whereas RBBF mean values were 5.0-fold and 5.3-fold lower. In the periosteal envelope, MBBF and RBBF rates were similar between subjects and controls. These results demonstrate the occurrence of MBBF in the human FN and suggest that denosumab preserves MBBF while inhibiting remodeling, which may contribute to the observed continued gains in BMD over time after remodeling is maximally inhibited. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Abstract

Femoral neck histomorphometry was assessed in adult subjects (n = 4) with osteoporosis who received at least two doses of denosumab and were scheduled for total hip replacement. Compared with historical controls (n = 11), denosumab-treated subjects showed 9.4-fold and 2.0-fold higher values of MBBF in cancellous and endocortical envelopes, respectively. RBBF values were 5.0-fold and 5.3-fold lower. Thus, denosumab may preserve MBBF while inhibiting RBBF, resulting in the continued increases in BMD observed with long-term treatment. MBBF = modeling-based bone formation; RBBF = remodeling-based bone formation.
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with severe involvement of the aortic valve—A sibling‐controlled case study on the efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis
Authors: Galiano Matthias , Hammersen Johanna , Sauerstein Katja , Blessing Holger , Rümmele Petra , Purbojo Ariawan , Schöber Martin , Moosmann Julia , Raffelsbauer Gunter , Heibges Andreas , Klingel Reinhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hoFH) can cause severe atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in early infancy. Diagnosis and initiation of effective lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) are recommended as early as possible to prevent ASCVD‐related morbidity and mortality.MethodsThe clinical courses of a pair of siblings with an identical hoFH genotype, who exhibited major similarities of their clinical phenotype were analyzed in a case‐control fashion including the family.ResultsThe older sibling was diagnosed with hoFH at the age of 4. Untreated LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) was 17 mmol/L (660 mg/dL). LLT including lipoprotein apheresis (LA) was initiated and has been successful for 8 years now. A reduction of estimated cholesterol burden by 74% was achieved by LA and combined drug therapy including statins and ezetimibe. The efficacy of escalation of drug therapy was limited because the underlying LDL receptor (LDLR) mutation in the family resulted in substantially reduced receptor function. Treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 (PCSK9)‐antibodies failed. His younger brother died at the age of 2 years shortly after the hoFH diagnosis of the elder sibling. Postmortem examination revealed advanced aortic root atheroma and aortic valve stenosis. In the older sibling, aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency were treated at the age of 9 years with mechanical aortic valve replacement.ConclusionsLLT including LA should be initiated as early as possible following the diagnosis of hoFH with very high LDL‐C levels. With the same genotype, the phenotype of hoFH can exhibit similar patterns but outcome is substantially related to treatment.
Novel composite oxygen‐containing resins with effective adsorption towards anilines: physical & chemical adsorption
Authors: Xu Chao , Yu Wenhao , Zheng Kexin , Ling Chen , Yu Shitao , Jiang Long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption resins have been successfully used for the treatment of various types of industrial wastewater due to their excellent advantages of high degree of harmlessness, wonderful resource utilization effect, and adjustable material structure. However, the adsorption capacity of traditional resin to the high polarity aniline has been limited since the adsorption mainly relies on hydrophobic adsorption.RESULTSIn this study, novel oxygen‐containing resins were prepared by modifying a benzene skeleton through chemical functional groups screening and physical structure regulation. The influences of functional groups to the precursor resins were thoroughly studied and the adsorption capacity of the dihydrofuran‐2,5‐dione modified resins was 7.9% higher than the precursor resins, exhibiting the unparalleled adsorption activity to p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Subsequently, a series of dihydrofuran‐2,5‐dione modified crosslinking resins named FSG1‐5 were prepared with various physical structures. The resin FSG‐2 exhibited the best adsorption property, as the adsorption capacity to p‐aminobenzoic acid was 28.3% higher than H‐103 (a commercial hyper‐cross‐linked resin).CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the comparison of kinetics, thermodynamics, and resin's physicochemical structure, FSG‐2 could achieve efficient adsorption to aniline compounds by physical adsorption, such as π‐π conjugation, molecular size effect, and chemical adsorption, including hydrogen bonding and acid–base effect enhanced the adsorption interaction, which laid a theoretical foundation for the design and preparation of new materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry