bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesions of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx - An analysis over 3 years at a tertiary care setting
Authors: De Alwis A. S. R. , De Silva H. M. S. S. , De Silva W. H. R. , Jayasuriya C. 
Published: March 2020

Objective Lesions involving nasal cavity(NC), paranasal sinuses(PNS) and nasopharynx consists of a wide variety of inflammatory, non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Even though they are common in Sri Lanka proper data is scarce. The aim of this study is to determine various histopathological patterns of NC, PNS and nasopharyngeal lesions, their relative distribution with regard to age and sex in our setting. Methodology A retrospective analytical study was carried out in all patients who underwent biopsies of the above lesions presented to ENT unit at National Hospital of Sri Lanka from 1.1.2015 to 31.12.2017. Results From 238 patients who underwent biopsies, the commonest site was the NC (51.06%) followed by the PNS (43.9%). Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. 79.8% were non-neoplastic, from which 88.9% were inflammatory and 7.3% were fungal, where mucormycosis and rhinosporidiosis being the commonest. Out of the neoplastic conditions (20.8%), 54.1% were benign, with inverted papilloma being the commonest (42.3%), commonly seen in 6th and 7th decades with a male predominance, followed by angiofibroma (15.3%). Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest malignancy (40.9%), common in 7th and 8th decades with a male predominance, followed by adenocarcinoma (18.18%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (9%) and non- Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma (9%). Conclusion Internationally benign and malignant neoplasms are more common in 4 to 5th decades and 5-6th decades respectively. But in our study both benign and malignant neoplasms were found approximately two decades later in life. This may be due to the late presentation hence we recommend a thorough ENT examination at the earliest presentation of nasal symptoms.
MHC-E–Restricted CD8+ T Cells Target Hepatitis B Virus–Infected Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Burwitz Benjamin J. , Hashiguchi Patrick K. , Mansouri Mandana , Meyer Christine , Gilbride Roxanne M. , Biswas Sreya , Womack Jennie L. , Reed Jason S. , Wu Helen L. , Axthelm Michael K. , Hansen Scott G. , Picker Louis J. , Früh Klaus , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Currently 247 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), and the development of novel curative treatments is urgently needed. Immunotherapy is an attractive approach to treat CHB, yet therapeutic approaches to augment the endogenous hepatitis B virus (HBV)–specific T cell response in CHB patients have demonstrated little success. In this study, we show that strain 68-1 rhesus macaque (RM) CMV vaccine vectors expressing HBV Ags engender HBV-specific CD8+ T cells unconventionally restricted by MHC class II and the nonclassical MHC-E molecule in RM. Surface staining of human donor and RM primary hepatocytes (PH) ex vivo revealed the majority of PH expressed MHC-E but not MHC class II. HBV-specific, MHC-E–restricted CD8+ T cells from RM vaccinated with RM CMV vaccine vectors expressing HBV Ags recognized HBV-infected PH from both human donor and RM. These results provide proof-of-concept that MHC-E–restricted CD8+ T cells could be harnessed for the treatment of CHB, either through therapeutic vaccination or adoptive immunotherapy.
Cryotherapy Models and Timing-Sequence Recovery of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Qu Chaoyi , Wu Zhaozhao , Xu Minxiao , Qin Fei , Dong Yanan , Wang Zhongwei , Zhao Jiexiu 
Published: March 2020

ContextAmong sports-recovery methods, cold-water immersion (CWI), contrast-water therapy (CWT), and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) have been applied widely to enhance recovery after strenuous exercise. However, the different timing effects in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after these recovery protocols remain unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of CWI, CWT, and WBC on the timing-sequence recovery of EIMD through different indicator responses.DesignCrossover study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwelve male middle- and long-distance runners from the Beijing Sport University (age = 21.00 ± 0.95 years).Intervention(s)Participants were treated with different recovery methods (control [CON], CWI, CWT, WBC) immediately postexercise and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise.Main Outcome Measure(s)We measured perceived sensation using a visual analog scale (VAS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) activity, and vertical-jump height (VJH) pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postexercise.ResultsFor the VAS score and CK activity, WBC exhibited better timing-sequence recovery effects than CON and CWI (P &lt; .05), but the CWT demonstrated better effects than CON (P &lt; .05). The CRP activity was lower after WBC than after the other interventions (P &lt; .05). The VJH was lower after WBC than after CON and CWI (P &lt; .05).ConclusionsThe WBC positively affected VAS, CK, CRP, and VJH associated with EIMD. The CWT and CWI also showed positive effects. However, for the activity and timing-sequence effect, CWT had weaker effects than WBC.
Movement Demands and Injury Characteristics in Under-20-Years University Rugby Union Players
Authors: Ball Shane , Halaki Mark , Orr Rhonda 
Published: March 2020

Context
Rugby union is a field-based collision sport with high injury rates. Associations between injury characteristics and global positioning system–derived movement demands in rugby union athletes are yet to be investigated.

Objective
To investigate associations between match injuries and movement demands, anthropometrics, and physical performance in under-20-years university-level rugby union players.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Competition season.

Patients or Other Participants
Rugby union players (n = 34, age = 19.3 ± 0.6 years) from a university club were recruited.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Acute medical attention non–time-loss (NTL), medical-attention time-loss (TL), and total medical-attention (MA) injuries sustained were recorded. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on player-movement demand variables to identify independent-movement demand components. Pearson correlation and bivariate linear regression were used to test associations between match injuries and PCs. Anthropometric and physical performance measures were tested as predictors of match injuries using a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results
Backs had lower anthropometric and performance measures than forwards (P &lt; .05), whereas forwards performed fewer weekly movement demands than backs (P &lt; .05). Increases in body mass and skinfold thickness were associated with more injuries (P &lt; .05). Principal component analysis revealed 3 PCs representing overall performance, high-intensity running (HIR) performance, and impacts. Increases in HIR were associated with decreases in NTL upper limb and trunk (r = −0.32, P = .03), NTL musculoskeletal (r = −0.36, P = .05), NTL total (r = −0.46, P &lt; .01), TL musculoskeletal (r = −0.30, P = .05), MA musculoskeletal (r = −0.41, P &lt; .01), and MA total (r = −0.48, P &lt; .01) injuries. Increases in impacts were associated with increased TL (r = 0.32, P = .03) and MA (r = 0.33, P = .03) head or neck injuries.

Conclusions
Backs experienced greater weekly movement demands than forwards. Increases in HIR demands were associated with decreased acute injuries in university rugby players. Increases in impacts were associated with more acute head or neck injuries. Positional differences in movement demands, anthropometrics, and physical performance highlight the need for position-specific training.
Centro de día y rehabilitación ASPAYM AVILA
Authors: Zaparaín Fernando 
Published: March 2020

El Centro de día y rehabilitación Aspaym Ávila se configura como un pequeño pabellón rectangular de planta baja. En un entorno indiferenciado, cuando no agresivo, se ha optado por la autonomía de un prisma un tanto hermético, con una presencia material fuerte. Pero en cuanto se accede por la única abertura disponible, surge un vestíbulo pasante hacia el jardín que permite una panorámica hacia todo el interior. El volumen se compone de una tapa de madera laminada, contrapuesta a una banda inferior formada por muros discontinuos de homigón blanco encofrado con tablillas muy marcadas. Todos llegan hasta 2,70 m de altura y proporcionan apoyos puntuales a la cubierta, mientras configuran la envolvente. Las paredes no tienen perforaciones, porque las ventanas y puertas son los intersticios que hay entre ellos. El zócalo de hormigón blanco configura una fachada más cerrada a la calle y otra, discontinua, al jardín. Hacia el exterior se ofrece una imagen enigmática pero serena, que anuncia el caracter institucional. El friso horizontal de madera sugiere una frontalidad con reminiscencias clásicas. Pero el zócalo asimétrico rompe esa axialidad en la esquina, para crear un porche de acceso en vuelo.
Mullite-2&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#8211; a natural polytype of mullite
Authors: Lenz Stephan , Birkenstock Johannes , Fischer Lennart A. , Schneider Hartmut , Fischer Reinhard X. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A single crystal (∼ 20 µm × 20 µm × 330 µm) of mullite-2c, a natural
polytype of mullite, was separated from a radially grown cluster of acicular
crystals from Ettringer Bellerberg (Quarternary Eifel volcanic fields,
Germany). The chemical composition determined from electron microprobe
analysis (EMPA) is
Na0.01Mg0.05Al8.52Fe0.293+Si3.13Ti0.02O19.55,
corresponding to x=0.22(8) in the generalised mineral formula
My+Mgz2+M8+4x+y-2z3+M4-4x-y+z4+O20-2x.
Only Fe3+ as foreign cation was considered in the refined structure
model, partially replacing Al3+ in the octahedral chains. A crystal of
a similar type, though exhibiting a significantly different composition with
x=0.02, was first described in 2015, tentatively named “sillimullite”
by Fischer et al. (2015). This crystal and our new
sample have similar structural properties, now classified as a polytype of
mullite, designated mullite-2c. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the mullite-2c crystal investigated here exhibits partial Si ∕ Al ordering in
the double chains of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedra in contrast to the sample
described in 2015 as being completely ordered. The ordering in mullite-2c
results in a doubled c lattice parameter with respect to mullite. It
crystallises in space group Pnam, with cell parameters for the new sample of
a=7.5432(5) Å, b=7.7048(5) Å, c=5.7965(3) Å,
V=336.89(6) Å3 and Z=1. X-ray powder diffraction data are
presented with a detailed discussion of the differences between the
diffraction patterns of sillimanite, mullite and mullite-2c. Crystals of
mullite-2c are translucent to lightly violet, they possess a vitreous lustre
and the calculated density is 3.199 g cm−3. The optical
character is biaxial (+), with refractive indices determined by
spindle-stage microscopy of nx=1.6673, ny=1.6687 and
nz=1.680(4) (adjusted to conform to 2VZ=39(4)∘).
Applying the Gladstone–Dale approach, the compatibility index is 0.007,
representing superior compatibility. In terms of chemical composition and
structural features mullite-2c is an outstanding example of mullite-type
compounds falling into the postulated miscibility gap between sillimanite
and mullite. Its crystal structure combines characteristics from both
mullite (oxygen vacancies, triclusters of tetrahedral building units) and
sillimanite (high degree of Si ∕ Al ordering in the tetrahedral building units, causing the doubled c parameter). The lattice parameters (normalised to 1c) of the new sample lie between those of sillimanite and 3 / 2 mullite; the chemical composition is close to 3 / 2 mullite and thus differs significantly from the silica-rich composition of the species previously
determined by Fischer et al. (2015), indicating a relatively large
compositional variation.
Hydrograph separation: an impartial parametrisation for an imperfect method
Authors: Pelletier Antoine , Andréassian Vazken 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This paper presents a new method for hydrograph separation. It is well-known that all hydrological methods aiming at separating streamflow into baseflow – its slow or delayed component – and quickflow – its non-delayed component – present large imperfections, and we do not claim to provide here a perfect solution. However, the method described here is at least (i) impartial in the determination of its two parameters (a quadratic reservoir capacity and a response time), (ii) coherent in time (as assessed by a split-sample test) and (iii) geologically coherent (an exhaustive validation on 1664 French catchments shows a good match with what we know of France's hydrogeology). With these characteristics, the method can be used to perform a general assessment of hydroclimatic memory of catchments. Last, an R package is provided to ensure reproducibility of the results presented.
Man In A Hat: Martin Balsam And The Refining Of Male Character Acting In American Films, 1957-1976
Authors: McGuire John Thomas 
Published: March 2020

This article attempts a definition at what constitutes “character acting” in mainstream cinema in the United States and argues that throughout the peak of his film career—roughly, 1957 through 1976--Martin Balsam refined the definition of male character acting in American film, a parameter previously established by such skilled practitioners as Eugene Pallette and Claude Rains. Balsam did this through his ability to portray what can be termed “a man in a hat” portrayals: tartly humorous, reliable, and sometimes authoritative supporting characters, usually wearing a chapeau. This is clearly seen in such performances as the private investigator in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960) and most interestingly, a partner in an unusual subway hijacking in Joseph Sargent’s The Taking of Pelham One, Two, Three (1974).
Reseña del libro: Más escuela y menos aula
Authors: Flores Aleida A 
Published: March 2020

En tiempos de cambio, el análisis y las reflexiones respecto de la escuela y del aula, son necesarias porque contribuyen a la mejora educativa, en la medida en que es posible incorporar algunas nuevas propuestas. El texto que aquí se reseña, nos parece uno de los más acertados con respecto al análisis que realiza sobre la escuela. Se trata de la obra más reciente de Mariano Fernández Enguita, actual catedrático de Sociología en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, que es Más escuela y menos aula, texto que precede a otros dos importantes libros: La larga y compleja marcha del CLIP al CLIC: Escuela y profesorado ante el nuevo entorno digital (2016), y Educar en tiempos inciertos (2009), en los que el autor reflexiona también sobre temas cruciales de educación
Monitoring of railway vehicles and infrastructure by portable dynamic scale
Authors: Sekuła Krzysztof , Wiącek Dariusz , Motylewski Jerzy 
Published: March 2020

The article presents the devices for monitoring loads in railway transport, developed and manufactured by the Adaptronica company. Dynamic scales utilize portable transducers fixed in a non-invasive way to the rail foot. Load identification is based on the measurements of rail deformations caused by a passing train. The article presents the results obtained during the monitoring of railway lines, characterized by significant intensity of train traffic. Histograms of axial load values of the tested vehicles were determined. The measurements’ results were verified with the results obtained with a reference static scale or with the results obtained during passage of locomotives with a given mass.
Keywords: portable dynamic rail scale, weight in motion, railway infrastructure monitoring
Knowledge base for wind farm devices in the computer expert system
Authors: Duer Radosław , Duer Stanisław , Drawski Lech 
Published: March 2020

The article presents the issue of determining diagnostic information for the needs of testing the condition of wind farm equipment. To this end, the essence of the structure of an intelligent expert system was presented and described. The structure of the tested object is shown in the form of a functional and diagnostic model. Based on the developed model of the examined object, diagnostic information was determined in the form of a set of basic elements and a set of diagnostic signals, which are later used in the construction of an expert knowledge base. The expert knowledge base is determined by sets of facts and rules applied. An important part of this article is description of the structure of the expert system and the expert knowledge base used in it.
Keywords: wind farm, renewable energy, technical diagnostics, diagnostic inference, artificial intelligence
Acoustic divergence in advertisement calls among three sympatricMicrohylaspecies from East China
Authors: Chen Zhi-Qiang , Lin You-Fu , Tang Yun , Ding Guo-Hua , Wu Yan-Qing , Lin Zhi-Hua 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSpecies-specific advertisement calls are the main mechanism of transmitting information between individuals in anuran amphibians and are therefore indispensable for anuran survival and reproduction. Survey methods that monitor these calls can be used for rapid species recognition, behavioral experiments, and conservation monitoring. In this study, we described in detail 10 call parameters from three sympatric species in the genusMicrohylaand analyzed the differences in call parameter among these species to provide a basis for systematic monitoring, acoustic analysis and taxonomic study of this genus.MethodsThe quantitative analyses of temporal and spectral call parameters were used in our study for the advertisement calls of three sympatricMicrohylaspecies (M. beilunensis,M. fissipesandM. heymonsi) in Zhejiang Province, East China.ResultsOur results showed the following: (1) Significant differences existed among the three sympatricMicrohylaspecies in call duration (CD), call interval (CI), number of pulses (NP), pulse rate, call intensity (CIT), dominant frequency (DF) and frequency of the first to fourth formants (F1, F2, F3 and F4). (2) Some spectral parameters (DF, F1 and F3) were negatively correlated with the body size of the vocalizing individuals in each species. (3) The coefficients of variation within individuals (CVw) for CIT, DF and F1–F4 were smaller than 5%, whereas the CVWfor CI was larger than 10% in each species. (4) The principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis showed that call parameters could distinguish the threeMicrohylaspecies. (5) The phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis showed that phylogenetic relationships affected CD and NP against snout-vent length (SVL), DF and NP against CD, and NP against DF, but not of DF against SVL; based on the phylogenetic analysis, CD and NP were not related to SVL, but DF was negatively related to SVL.
Co-expression clustering across flower development identifies modules for diverse floral forms inAchimenes(Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Roberts Wade R. , Roalson Eric H. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundGenetic pathways involved with flower color and shape are thought to play an important role in the development of flowers associated with different pollination syndromes, such as those associated with bee, butterfly, or hummingbird pollination. Because pollination syndromes are complex traits that are orchestrated by multiple genes and pathways, the gene regulatory networks have not been explored. Gene co-expression networks provide a systems level approach to identify important contributors to floral diversification.MethodsRNA-sequencing was used to assay gene expression across two stages of flower development (an early bud and an intermediate stage) in 10 species ofAchimenes(Gesneriaceae). Two stage-specific co-expression networks were created from 9,503 orthologs and analyzed to identify module hubs and the network periphery. Module association with bee, butterfly, and hummingbird pollination syndromes was tested using phylogenetic mixed models. The relationship between network connectivity and evolutionary rates (dN/dS) was tested using linear models.ResultsNetworks contained 65 and 62 modules that were largely preserved between developmental stages and contained few stage-specific modules. Over a third of the modules in both networks were associated with flower color, shape, and pollination syndrome. Within these modules, several hub nodes were identified that related to the production of anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments and the development of flower shape. Evolutionary rates were decreased in highly connected genes and elevated in peripheral genes.DiscussionThis study aids in the understanding of the genetic architecture and network properties underlying the development of floral form and provides valuable candidate modules and genes for future studies.
Reverend George H. Judd’s Thylacines
Authors: Sleightholme Stephen R. , Campbell Cameron R. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A rare photograph by the Reverend George H. Judd of two Thylacines (Thylacinus cynocephalus) within their enclosure at the old Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart is published for the first time, and the probable date the photograph was taken and the identity of the Thylacines portrayed is discussed.
Public Perception on Labeling Genetically Modified (GM) Foods in Ghana: Implications for Food Policy
Authors: Ampadu-Ameyaw Richard , Owusu-Arthur Johnny , Asamoah-Okyere Kwame Dei 
Published: March 2020

Labeling of genetically modified (GM) food and other food ingredients from GM source has become an important national policy issues receiving serious attention not only in Ghana but globally. This paper focused on public perceptions of labeling of GM foods in Ghana as a way of garnering a view of the public understanding of the technology that has become so much controversial for which several millions of public sector money is spent on education in the last few years. The survey which elapsed over a period of three months, shows results that indicate a dearth of knowledge on the technology and yet a high demand for labelling of the products, even though not many people read the labels on food products. This leads to the question as to ‘who is doing the listening’. The authors conclude that the limited knowledge and technology essentials among others explain why the public seems to reject the technology and call for labelling of the products in spite of the fact that labelling is nothing but a choice variable, which has nothing to do with safety measure. Modifying the present attitude of the opponents of the technology and the demanders of labelling ignoring the cost that may be involved require extensive education and awareness creations throughout the country using tailor made communication forms to address various different groups.