bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of the monomeric yellow-green fluorescent protein mNeonGreen for life cell imaging in mycelial fungi
Authors: Werner Antonia , Otte Kolja L. , Stahlhut Gertrud , Pöggeler Stefanie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe engineered monomeric version of the lanceletBranchiostoma lanceolatumfluorescent protein, mNeonGreen (mNG), has several positive characteristics, such as a very bright fluorescence, high photostability and fast maturation. These features make it a good candidate for the utilization as fluorescent tool for cell biology and biochemical applications in filamentous fungi. We report the generation of plasmids for the expression of the heterologous mNG gene under the control of an inducible and a constitutive promoter in the filamentous ascomyceteSordaria macrosporaand display a stable expression of mNG in the cytoplasm. To demonstrate its usefulness for labeling of organelles, the peroxisomal targeting sequence serine-lysine-leucine (SKL) was fused to mNG. Expression of this tagged version led to protein import of mNG into peroxisomes and their bright fluorescence in life cell imaging.
Spine system changes in soldiers after load carriage training in a plateau environment: a prediction model research
Authors: Qu Hao , Yu Ling-Jia , Wu Ju-Tai , Liu Gang , Liu Sheng-Hui , Teng Peng , Ding Li , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Low back pain is the most common spinal disorder among soldiers, and load carriage training (LCT) is considered the main cause. We aimed to investigate changes in the spine system of soldiers after LCT at high altitudes and the change trend of the lumbar spine and surrounding soft tissues under different load conditions.

Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the lumbar spines of nine soldiers from plateau troops were collected and processed. We used ImageJ and Surgimap software to analyze changes in the lumbar paraspinal muscles, intervertebral discs (IVDs), intervertebral foramina, and curvature. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression equation for spine injury owing to LCT at high altitudes was established as the mathematical prediction model using SPSS Statistics version 23.0 software.

Results
In the paraspinal muscles, the cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly from 9126.4 ± 691.6 mm2 to 9862.7 ± 456.4 mm2, and the functional CSA (FCSA) increased significantly from 8089.6 ± 707.7 mm2 to 8747.9 ± 426.2 mm2 after LCT (P < 0.05); however, the FCSA/CSA was not significantly different. Regarding IVD, the total lumbar spine showed a decreasing trend after LCT with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Regarding the lumbar intervertebral foramen, the percentage of the effective intervertebral foraminal area of L3/4 significantly decreased from 91.6 ± 2.0 to 88.1% ± 2.9% (P < 0.05). For curvature, the lumbosacral angle after LCT (32.4° ± 6.8°) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that before LCT (26.6° ± 5.3°), while the lumbar lordosis angle increased significantly from 24.0° ± 7.1° to 30.6° ± 7.4° (P < 0.05). The linear regression equation of the change rate, △FCSA% = − 0.718 + 23.085 × load weight, was successfully established as a prediction model of spinal injury after LCT at high altitudes.

Conclusion
The spinal system encountered increased muscle volume, muscle congestion, tissue edema, IVD compression, decreased effective intervertebral foramen area, and increased lumbar curvature after LCT, which revealed important pathophysiological mechanisms of lumbar spinal disorders in soldiers following short-term and high-load weight training. The injury prediction model of the spinal system confirmed that a load weight < 60% of soldiers’ weight cannot cause acute pathological injury after short-term LCT, providing a reference supporting the formulation of the load weight standard for LCT.
Improving maternal health services through social accountability interventions in Nepal: an analytical review of existing literature
Authors: Nepal Adweeti , Dangol Santa Kumar , van der Kwaak Anke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The persistent quality gap in maternal health services in Nepal has resulted in poor maternal health outcomes. Accordingly, the Government of Nepal (GoN) has placed emphasis on responsive and accountable maternal health services and initiated social accountability interventions as a strategical approach simultaneously. This review critically explores the social accountability interventions in maternal health services in Nepal and its outcomes by analyzing existing evidence to contribute to the informed policy formulation process.

Methods
A literature review and desk study undertaken between December 2018 and May 2019. An adapted framework of social accountability by Lodenstein et al. was used for critical analysis of the existing literature between January 2000 and May 2019 from Nepal and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) that have similar operational context to Nepal. The literature was searched and extracted from database such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, and web search engines such as Google Scholar using defined keywords.

Results
The study found various social accountability interventions that have been initiated by GoN and external development partners in maternal health services in Nepal. Evidence from Nepal and other LMICs showed that the social accountability interventions improved the quality of maternal health services by improving health system responsiveness, enhancing community ownership, addressing inequalities and enabling the community to influence the policy decision-making process. Strong gender norms, caste-hierarchy system, socio-political and economic context and weak enforceability mechanism in the health system are found to be the major contextual factors influencing community engagement in social accountability interventions in Nepal.

Conclusions
Social accountability interventions have potential to improve the quality of maternal health services in Nepal. The critical factor for successful outcomes in maternal health services is quality implementation of interventions. Similarly, continuous effort is needed from policymakers to strengthen monitoring and regulatory mechanism of the health system and decentralization process, to improve access to the information and to establish proper complaints and feedback system from the community to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions. Furthermore, more study needs to be conducted to evaluate the impact of the existing social accountability interventions in improving maternal health services in Nepal.
КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ
Authors: Kaufova Inessa Betalovna , Kaufova Lola Aslanovna 
Published: December 2020

Цель. Авторы ставят целью выявление коммуникативных информационных стратегий цифровой дипломатии, которыми пользуется известный современный британский политик Б. Джонсон в рамках международных социальных сетей.Метод и методология исследования. Основными методами исследования данной работы являются лингвистический, описательный и логико-семантический.Результаты. Цифровая дипломатия использует определенные коммуникативные стратегии, среди которых информационные являются ключевыми. Они реализуются преимущественно посредством отбора определенной информации, детального развития информации и замалчивания некоторых фактов. Использование социальных сетей допускает употребление специальных лексических средств, введенных в структуру текста с целью скрытой манипуляции.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в области политической лингвистики, культурологи и политической лингвистики.
Interference at the single-photon level based on silica photonics robust against channel disturbance
Authors: Li Xiao , Ren Meizhen , Zhang Jiashun , Wang Liangliang , Chen Wei , Wang Yue , Yin Xiaojie , Wu Yuanda , An Junming 
Published: December 2020

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution for communication of unconditional security. However, the quantum channel disturbance in the field severely increases the quantum bit-error rate, degrading the performance of a QKD system. Here we present a setup comprising silica planar light wave circuits (PLCs), which is robust against the channel polarization disturbance. Our PLCs are based on the asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (AMZI), integrated with a tunable power splitter and thermo-optic phase modulators. The polarization characteristics of the AMZI PLC are investigated by a novel pulse self-interfering method to determine the operation temperature of implementing polarization insensitivity. Over a 20 km fiber channel with 30 Hz polarization scrambling, our time-bin phase-encoding QKD setup is characterized with an interference fringe visibility of 98.72%. The extinction ratio for the phase states is kept between 18 and 21 dB for 6 h without active phase correction.
Characterizations for the potential operators on Carleson curves in local generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Guliyev Vagif , Armutcu Hatice , Azeroglu Tahir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we give a boundedness criterion for the potential operator

ℐ

α

{ {\mathcal I} }^{\alpha }

in the local generalized Morrey space

L

M

p
,
φ

{

t

0

}

(
Γ
)

L{M}_{p,\varphi }^{\{{t}_{0}\}}(\text{&#x0393;})

and the generalized Morrey space

M

p
,
φ

(
Γ
)

{M}_{p,\varphi }(\text{&#x0393;})

defined on Carleson curves

Γ

\text{&#x0393;}

, respectively. For the operator

ℐ

α

{ {\mathcal I} }^{\alpha }

, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the strong and weak Spanne-type boundedness on

L

M

p
,
φ

{

t

0

}

(
Γ
)

L{M}_{p,\varphi }^{\{{t}_{0}\}}(\text{&#x0393;})

and the strong and weak Adams-type boundedness on

M

p
,
φ

(
Γ
)

{M}_{p,\varphi }(\text{&#x0393;})

.
Effects of Perforation Mediated-modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP) on Shelf Life and Quality of Calcium Chloride Treated Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum)
Authors: Adhikari Pragya , Paneru Nisha , Thapa Kanti , Dhakal Aashish 
Published: December 2020

Background: Capsicums having high respiration, transpiration, and ethylene production rates along with high susceptibility to microbial growth deteriorate rapidly during storage leading to higher loss. The current study was conducted to assess the effects of Perforation mediated- modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) on shelf life and quality of calcium chloride treated bell pepper (Capsicum annum). Methods: For this purposed green mature fruits capsicum annum variety Indra were pretreated with calcium chloride, weighed 1kg and packed in Low-density polyethylene with no perforation (T1), LDPE with 4 perforations(T2), LDPE with 8 perforations(T3), LDPE with 12 perforations(T4), LDPE with 16 perforation(T5) and open tray (T6) and stored at ambient room temperature of laboratory. Three replications were maintained for each treatment with CRD Design and different parameters were evaluated during the study period. Result: Capsicum stored in perforated LDPE packet exhibited less weight loss, higher shelf life and higher vitamin C content compared to capsicum kept in an open tray. With less perforations weight loss was less. Moreover, LDPE with 16 perforations can be considered the best treatment because with higher numbers of pores it exhibited comparatively higher shelf life, optimum quality of fruits and also check the spoilage of the fruits as compared to all treatments.
Total Tibial Allograft Reconstruction for Adamantinoma
Authors: Callan Alexandra K. , Singleterry Sydney , Czerniak Bogdan A. , Selber Jesse C. , Satcher Robert L. 
Published: December 2020

Case:
A 47-year-old woman with adamantinoma of the entire left tibia and distal fibula underwent resection and reconstruction using a total tibia allograft-prosthetic composite with rotating hinged knee replacement and ankle fusion. She is ambulating without tumor recurrence with 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
This case report offers a unique reconstruction option for extensive tibia bone primary malignancy. To our knowledge, this is the longest survival for total tibia allograft prosthetic composite reconstruction.
Modified Allograft Reconstruction of a Disrupted Patella Tendon
Authors: Mohamed Nequesha S. , Remily Ethan A. , Wilkie Wayne A. , George Nicole E. , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E. 
Published: December 2020

Case:
A 19-year-old woman with a history of Hoffa fat pad syndrome underwent infrapatellar fat pad synovectomy and subsequently developed extensor mechanism disruption secondary to iatrogenic patellar tendon injury. She received a modified extensor mechanism patella-patellar tendon-tibial tubercle allograft to restore extensor function with satisfactory results at 2-year follow-up. We also review alternative techniques that were considered for her extensor mechanism repair.

Conclusion:
The patient demonstrated satisfactory outcomes, similar to other established techniques. This modified extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction may be an effective alternative for patients experiencing acute extensor mechanism disruptions.
Characteristics and Treatments for Pediatric Ordinary and Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia Based on Gender: 12-Year Experiences from a Single Center
Authors: Wang Kai , Tan Sarah Siyin , Xiao Yue , Wang Zengmeng , Peng Chunhui , Pang Wenbo , Wu Dongyang , Chen Yajun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Congenital primary inguinal hernia is a common condition among children. Although much literature regarding inguinal hernia is available, large scale analysis are few, and rarely do they expand on gender difference or incarcerated hernias. Methods: Patients with unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia who were admitted to our hospital and received open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) under general anesthesia were included. LIHR was performed using single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SLPEC). Medical records were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 12190 patients were included in this study. The ratio of male to female was 4.8:1. There was a total of 10646 unilateral hernias (87.3%) and 1544 bilateral hernias (12.7%), with a corresponding ratio of 6.9:1. 12444 hernia repair surgeries, 11083 (89.1%) OIHR and 1361 (10.9%) LIHR, were held. OIHR had a shorter operative time than LIHR for all unilateral and female bilateral repair, unlike for bilateral male repair. There was no difference between OIHR and LIHR for ipsilateral recurrent hernia in males. There was a difference between OIHR and LIHR for metachronous contralateral hernia. Incarcerated inguinal hernia was associated with longer operative time, hospital stay and higher hospital costs. Females and patients under 1 year were more likely to present with incarcerated hernia. Conclusions: OIHR should be considered for male patients, especially for unilateral and complete inguinal hernia. LIHR is highly recommended for female patients. For incarcerated hernia, attention should be paid to patients under 1 year old, as they can be 60 times more susceptible, and females. Surgeons should also be aware of ovary hernias in females.
Assessing above-ground biomass-functional diversity relationships in temperate forests in northern Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Larreta Benedicto , Martinez Jorge Omar Lopez , González Edgar J. , Corral-Rivas Jose Javier , Hernández Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have suggested that species richness and functional diversity are the main drivers of ecosystem processes. Several patterns on this relationship have been found, including positive, unimodal, negative, and neutral trends, keeping the issue controversial. In this study, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity as drivers of above-ground biomass (AGB) were comparated, and the mechanisms that influence biomass production were investigated by testing the complementarity and the mass-ratio hypotheses.Methods: Using data from 414 permanent sample plots, covering 23% of temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental (México). We estimated the above-gound biomass (AGB), taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community weighted mean values (CWM) for three functional trais (maximum height, leaf size and wood density) for trees ≥7.5 cm d.b.h., in managed and unmanaged stands. To compare taxonomic diversity differences between managed and unmanaged stands we carried out a rarefaction analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between AGB and taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, as well as CWM traits throught spatial autoregressive models.Results: We found a hump-shaped relationship between AGB and species richness in managed and unmanaged forests. CMW of maximum height was the most important predictor of AGB in both stands, which suggested that the mechanism underlaying the AGB-diversity relationship is the dominance of some highly productive species, supporting the mass-ratio hypothesis. Above-ground biomass was significantly correlated with three of the five functional diversity metrics, CWM maximum height and species richness. Our results show the importance of take into account spatial autocorrelation in the construction of predictive models to avoid spurious patterns in the AGB-diversity relationship.Conclusion: Species richness, maximum height, functional richness, functional dispersion and RaoQ indices relate with above-ground biomass production in temperate mixed-species and uneven-aged forests of northern Mexico. These forests show a hump-shaped AGB-species richness relationship. Functional diversity explains better AGB production than classical taxonomic diversity. Community weighted mean traits provide key information to explain stand biomass in these forests, where maximum tree height seems to be a more suitable trait for understanding the biomass accumulation process in these ecosystems. Although the impact of forest management on biodiversity is still debated, it has not changed the AGB-diversity relationships in the forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.
Hindlimb torsional alignment changes in growing rabbits after patellar dislocation
Authors: Niu Jinghui , Qi Qi , Piao Kang , Hao Kuo , Sharif Iftekhar , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Torsional malalignment has been considered as a risk factor for patellar dislocation. But the influence of patellar dislocation for torsional alignment development remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate whether the torsional alteration of the hindlimb occurs after patellar dislocation in growing rabbits.Methods: In the present study, 30 one-month-old rabbits were included. The experimental group consisted of 30 left knees of rabbits which underwent patellar lateral dislocation. The control group consisted of 30 right knees of the rabbits which no surgical procedure was performed. The Computed Tomography (CT) scan was performed after the surgery and at the point the rabbits were skeletal mature (5 months post-surgery). The angles of femoral version and tibial torsion were measured using a three-dimensional method and analyzed between the experimental group and the control group.Results: After the surgery, the femoral version and tibial torsion in the experimental and control group were not significantly different. However, 5 months after surgery, the angle of femoral version in the experimental group (-5.50 ± 6.13°) was significantly different from that in the control group (-10.90 ± 4.74°) (P < 0.05). But the angle of tibial torsion in the experimental group (7.17 ± 7.25°) and control group (4.47 ± 6.34°) were not significantly different (P = 0.144).Conclusion: From this study, patellar dislocation can lead to alteration of femoral version in growing rabbits. So patellar dislocation may affect on lower extremity alignment. These findings may develop pathology and etiology of patellar dislocation.
Protective reactive thymus hyperplasia in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Cuvelier Pelagia , Roux Hélène , Couëdel-Courteille Anne , Dutrieux Jacques , Naudin Cécile , De Muylder Bénédicte Charmeteau , Cheynier Rémi , Squara Pierre , Marullo Stefano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Patients with COVID-19 (COVID) may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome with or without sepsis, coagulopathy and visceral damage. While chest CT-scans are routinely performed in the initial assessment of patients with severe pulmonary forms, thymus involvement and reactivation have not been investigated so far.Methods. In this observational study, we systematically scored the enlargement of the thymus and the lung involvement, using CT-scans, in all adult patients admitted to the ICU for COVID or any other cause (control group) at one centre between March and April 2020. Initial biological investigations included nasal detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In a subgroup of 24 patients with different degrees of pulmonary involvement and thymus hypertrophy, plasma cytokine concentrations were measured and the export of mature T-cells from the thymus was estimated simultaneously by PCR quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs).Results. Eighty-seven patients were studied: 50 COVID patients and 37 controls. Non-atrophic or enlarged thymus was more commonly observed in COVID patients than in controls (66% vs. 24%, p<0.0001). Thymus enlargement in COVID patients was associated with more extensive lung injury score on CT-scans (4 [3-5] vs. 2 [1.5-4], p=0.01), but a lower mortality rate (8.6% vs. 41.2%, p<0.001). Other factors associated with mortality were age, lymphopaenia, high CRP and co-morbidities. COVID patients had higher concentrations of IL-7 (6.00 [3.72-9.25] vs. 2.17 [1.76-4.4] pg/mL; p=0.04), and higher thymic production of new lymphocytes (sj/bTREC ratio = 2.88 [1.98-4.51] vs. 0.23 [0.15-0.60]; p=0.004). Thymic production was also correlated with the CT-scan thymic score (r = 0.38, p=0.03) and inversely correlated with the number of lymphocytes (r=0.56, p=0.007).Conclusions. In COVID patients, thymus enlargement was frequent and associated with increased T-lymphocyte production, which appears to be a beneficial adaptation to virus-induced lymphopaenia. The lack of thymic activity/reactivation in older SARS-CoV-2 infected patients could contribute to a worse prognosis. Trial registration: N/A