bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of a UK lockdown on orthopaedic trauma admissions and surgical cases
Authors: Hampton Matthew , Clark Matthew , Baxter Ian , Stevens Richard , Flatt Elinor , Murray James , Wembridge Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Aims The current global pandemic due to COVID-19 is generating significant burden on the health service in the UK. On 23 March 2020, the UK government issued requirements for a national lockdown. The aim of this multicentre study is to gain a greater understanding of the impact lockdown has had on the rates, mechanisms and types of injuries together with their management across a regional trauma service. Methods Data was collected from an adult major trauma centre, paediatric major trauma centre, district general hospital, and a regional hand trauma unit. Data collection included patient demographics, injury mechanism, injury type and treatment required. Time periods studied corresponded with the two weeks leading up to lockdown in the UK, two weeks during lockdown, and the same two-week period in 2019. Results There was a 55.7% (12,935 vs 5,733) reduction in total accident and emergency (A&E) attendances with a 53.7% (354 vs 164) reduction in trauma admissions during lockdown compared to 2019. The number of patients with fragility fractures requiring admission remained constant (32 patients in 2019 vs 31 patients during lockdown; p > 0.05). Road traffic collisions (57.1%, n = 8) were the commonest cause of major trauma admissions during lockdown. There was a significant increase in DIY related-hand injuries (26% (n = 13)) lockdown vs 8% (n = 11 in 2019, p = 0.006) during lockdown, which resulted in an increase in nerve injuries (12% (n = 6 in lockdown) vs 2.5% (n = 3 in 2019, p = 0.015) and hand infections (24% (n = 12) in lockdown vs 6.2% (n = 8) in 2019, p = 0.002). Conclusion The national lockdown has dramatically reduced orthopaedic trauma admissions. The incidence of fragility fractures requiring surgery has not changed. Appropriate provision in theatres should remain in place to ensure these patients can be managed as a surgical priority. DIY-related hand injuries have increased which has led to an increased in nerve injuries requiring intervention.
A multicentre prospective randomized equivalence trial of a soft bandage and immediate discharge versus current treatment with rigid immobilization for torus fractures of the distal radius in children
Authors: Achten Juul , Knight Ruth , Dutton Susan J. , Costa Matthew L. , Mason James , Dritsaki Melina , Appelbe Duncan , Messahel Shrouk , Roland Damian , Widnall James , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: October 2020

Aims Torus fractures are the most common childhood fracture, accounting for 500,000 UK emergency attendances per year. UK treatment varies widely due to lack of scientific evidence. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled equivalence trial of ‘the offer of a soft bandage and immediate discharge’ versus ‘rigid immobilization and follow-up as per the protocol of the treating centre’ in the treatment of torus fractures . Methods Children aged four to 15-years-old inclusive who have sustained a torus/buckle fracture of the distal radius with/without an injury to the ulna are eligible to take part. Baseline pain as measured by the Wong Baker FACES pain scale, function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper limb, and quality of life (QoL) assessed with the EuroQol EQ-5D-Y will be collected. Each patient will be randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre and age group (four to seven years and ≥ eight years) to either a regimen of the offer of a soft bandage and immediate discharge or rigid immobilization and follow-up as per the protocol of the treating centre. Results At day one, three, and seven, data on pain, function, QoL, immobilization, and analgesia will be collected. Three and six weeks after injury, the main outcomes plus data on complications, resource use, and school absence will be collected. The primary outcome is the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale at three days post-randomization. All data will be obtained through electronic questionnaires completed by the participants and/or parents/guardian. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:214–221.
Fano-control of down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal via plasmonic–quantum emitter hybrid structures
Authors: Artvin Zafer , Gunay Mehmet , Bek Alpan , Tasgin Mehmet Emre 
Published: October 2020

Control of the nonlinear response of nanostructures via path interference effects, i.e., Fano resonances, has been studied extensively. In such studies, a frequency conversion process takes place near a hot spot. Here, we study the case where the frequency conversion process takes place along the body of a nonlinear crystal. Metal nanoparticle–quantum emitter dimers control the down-conversion process, taking place throughout the crystal body, via introducing interfering conversion paths. Dimers behave as interaction centers. We show that two orders of magnitude enhancement is possible, on top of the enhancement due to localization effects. That is, this factor multiplies the enhancement taking place due to the field localization.
STRUKTUR FORMAL FASADE BANGUNAN UTAMA BERSEJARAH (Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang)
Authors: Setiawan Deni Wahyu , Sardjono Agung Budi , Rukayah Raden Siti , Harsritanto Bangun IR 
Published: October 2020

Struktur suatu kawasan berkembang dan dikembangkan melalui suatu aturan yang terkadang berubah-ubah tetapi dapat menghasilkan keselarasan. Kota Lama Semarang terbentuk sejak zaman VOC berdiri di Nusantara. Proses perkembangan bangunan dan infrastrukturnya tidak terjadi hanya pada satu kurun waktu. Beragam fungsi bangunan yang mengisi Kawasan benteng kota lama Semarang membuat kehidupan di dalamnya dapat bertahan. Pada era kiwari, fungsi bangunan dan tambah-kurang bangunan terjadi di Kawasan ini. Perubahan tersebut kurang dapat dirasakan jika kita melewati Kawasan bersejarah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur formal fasade bangunan utama di dalam Kawasan Benteng Kota Lama Semarang. Hasil observasi lapangan yang dibahas menggunakan literatur tentang struktur formal, fasade, dan kajian historiografi untuk menghasilkan dugaan struktur formal pada fasade bangunan utama di Kawasan ini
An Entropy-Based Information Sharing Rule for Asymmetric Information Economies
Authors: Meo Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The possibility to compare information partitions is investigated for economies with asymmetric information. First, we focus on two potentially suitable instruments, the Boylan distance and the entropy, and show that the former does not fit the purpose. Then, we use the entropy associated with the information partition of each trader to construct a partially endogenous rule which regulates the information sharing process among traders. Finally, we apply this rule to some examples and analyze its impact on two cooperative solutions: the core and the coalition structure value.
In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures
Authors: Andleeb Saiqa , Tariq Faiza , Muneer Areesha , Nazir Tooba , Shahid Beenish , Latif Zahid , Abbasi Shahab Ahmed , Haq Ihsan ul , Majeed Zahid , Khan Salah Ud-Din , Khan Shahab Ud-Din , Khan Taj Muhammad , Al Farraj Dunia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current research aimed to evaluatein vitrobiological activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using theAllium sativumclove extract. The stability of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated via storage at 4°C, room temperature (37°C), and calcined at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using agar well, spread plate, biofilm reduction, and cell proliferation inhibition assays. The cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects were determined via brine shrimp lethality, protein kinase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition assays. DPPH scavenging, iron-chelating, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effects were evaluated. The highest inhibition ofKlebsiella pneumoniaewas observed when freshly prepared, calcined (300°C), and stored nanoparticles (4°C and 37°C) were applied (9.66, 9.55, 7.33, and 6.65 mm) against freshly prepared and calcined at 700°C which showed the highest inhibition ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(8.55 and 7.66 mm). Cell viability assay, biofilm reduction assay, and spread plate method showed a significant antibacterial effect of freshly prepared silver nanoparticles. Freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles at 300°C and 500°C possessed strong antioxidant and iron-chelating activity. Among all the synthesized silver nanoparticles, freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles (300°C and 500°C) increases the prothrombin time. Silver nanoparticles possessed significant anticoagulant properties and less toxic at least concentration toward human RBCs. In brine shrimp lethality assay, freshly prepared nanoparticles showed a stronger toxic effect and caused high mortality of larvae. Protein kinase inhibition assay revealed that freshly prepared nanoparticles had the highest zone of inhibition (18.0 mm) at 50 µg/disc. Green-synthesized nanoparticles would be used as potential therapeutic agents to overcome both infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Experiencing a Biblical Self-Consuming Artifact: Jesus’ Genealogy (Matt 1:2-17)
Authors: Doane Sébastien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMatt 1:17 indicates that Jesus’ genealogy is formed by three series of fourteen generations; however, this total number of generations does not match the preceding list in Matt 1:2-16. Interpreters have proposed multiple ways to understand this inconsistency which have yet to be collected and evaluated. A double literature review displays the limitations of this seemingly insoluble biblical conundrum. This article presents the tension between verse 17 and verses 2-17 of Matthew’s gospel as a puzzling reading experience that can best be described, in line with Stanley Fish, as a self-consuming artifact: an experience of incongruity in which the text and the reader are transformed through a process of negation. This approach also highlights other potential reversals in Matthew 1, such as Davidic traditions, that can yield a renewed outlook on this gospel.
Some misinterpretations and lack of understanding in differential operators with no singular kernels
Authors: Atangana Abdon , Goufo Emile Franc Doungmo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans are part of nature, and as nature existed before mankind, mathematics was created by humans with the main aim to analyze, understand and predict behaviors observed in nature. However, besides this aspect, mathematicians have introduced some laws helping them to obtain some theoretical results that may not have physical meaning or even a representation in nature. This is also the case in the field of fractional calculus in which the main aim was to capture more complex processes observed in nature. Some laws were imposed and some operators were misused, such as, for example, the Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives that are power-law-based derivatives and have been used to model problems with no power law process. To solve this problem, new differential operators depicting different processes were introduced. This article aims to clarify some misunderstandings about the use of fractional differential and integral operators with non-singular kernels. Additionally, we suggest some numerical discretizations for the new differential operators to be used when dealing with initial value problems. Applications of some nature processes are provided.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Sawtooth Waves Are Associated with Widespread Cortical Activations
Authors: Frauscher Birgit , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Dolezalova Irena , Bouhadoun Sarah , Gotman Jean , Peter-Derex Laure 
Published: October 2020

Sawtooth waves (STW) are bursts of frontocentral slow oscillations recorded in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Little is known about their cortical generators and functional significance. Stereo-EEG performed for presurgical epilepsy evaluation offers the unique possibility to study neurophysiologyin situin the human brain. We investigated intracranial correlates of scalp-detected STW in 26 patients (14 women) undergoing combined stereo-EEG/polysomnography. We visually marked STW segments in scalp EEG and selected stereo-EEG channels exhibiting normal activity for intracranial analyses. Channels were grouped in 30 brain regions. The spectral power in each channel and frequency band was computed during STW and non-STW control segments. Ripples (80-250 Hz) were automatically detected during STW and control segments. The spectral power in the different frequency bands and the ripple rates were then compared between STW and control segments in each brain region. An increase in 2-4 Hz power during STW segments was found in all brain regions, except the occipital lobe, with large effect sizes in the parietotemporal junction, the lateral and orbital frontal cortex, the anterior insula, and mesiotemporal structures. A widespread increase in high-frequency activity, including ripples, was observed concomitantly, involving the sensorimotor cortex, associative areas, and limbic structures. This distribution showed a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Our results suggest that STW are associated with widely distributed, but locally regulated REM sleep slow oscillations. By driving fast activities, STW may orchestrate synchronized reactivations of multifocal activities, allowing tagging of complex representations necessary for REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSawtooth waves (STW) present as scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) bursts of slow waves contrasting with the low-voltage fast desynchronized activity of REM sleep. Little is known about their cortical origin and function. Using combined stereo-EEG/polysomnography possible only in the human brain during presurgical epilepsy evaluation, we explored the intracranial correlates of STW. We found that a large set of regions in the parietal, frontal, and insular cortices shows increases in 2-4 Hz power during scalp EEG STW, that STW are associated with a strong and widespread increase in high frequencies, and that these slow and fast activities exhibit a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. These electrophysiological properties suggest that STW may be involved in cognitive processes during REM sleep.
Cancer occurrence in Turner syndrome and the effect of sex hormone substitution therapy
Authors: Viuff Mette Hansen , Stochholm Kirstine , Lin Angela , Berglund Agnethe , Juul Svend , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: October 2020

Objective
Although the overall risk of cancer is not increased in Turner syndrome, the pattern of cancer occurrence differs from the general population. We aim to describe the cancer morbidity pattern in Turner syndrome and evaluate the effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Design
Nationwide epidemiological study.

Methods
1156 females with Turner syndrome diagnosed during 1960–2014, were linked with data from the Danish National Patient Registry. Statistics Denmark randomly identified 115 578 female controls. Stratified Cox regression was used to analyze cancer morbidity, mortality and effect of HRT.

Results
Overall risk of cancer was not elevated (hazard ratio 1.04 (95% CI: 0.80–1.36)). The risk of skin cancer and benign skin neoplasms was two-fold increased, while the risk of breast cancer was decreased (hazard ratio 0.4 (0.2–0.9)). Turner syndrome (45,X) had a two- to five-fold increased risk of benign CNS tumors, colon and rectal cancers, benign skin neoplasms and skin cancer. Turner syndrome women with a 45,X/46,XX karyotype had an increased risk of tongue cancer. HRT had no impact on the risk of any cancer investigated in this study.

Conclusions
The lack of one X chromosome might play a role in skin neoplasms, CNS tumors, colon and rectal cancers. The risk of breast cancer is lower than in the general population. Long-term HRT during the premenopausal age range seems not to exert a cancerous effect in Turner syndrome. Increased vigilance concerning specific types of cancer in Tuner syndrome harboring a 45,X karyotype is needed.
A Quality Improvement Initiative To Optimize Antibiotic Use in a Level 4 NICU
Authors: Meyers Jeffrey M. , Tulloch Jamey , Brown Kristen , Caserta Mary T. , D’Angio Carl T. ,   THE GOLISANO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL NICU ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP TEAM
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Given the risks associated with antibiotics, efforts to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the NICU have become increasingly urgent. In 2016, a comprehensive 3-year quality improvement (QI) initiative was conducted in a level 4 NICU that sought to decrease the antibiotic use rate (AUR) by 20%.

METHODS:
This local QI initiative was conducted in the context of a multicenter learning collaborative focused on decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use. Improvement strategies focused on addressing gaps in the core elements of antibiotic stewardship programs. Outcome measures included the AUR and the percent of infants discharged without antibiotic exposure. Process measures included the percent of infants evaluated for early-onset sepsis (EOS) and duration of antibiotics used for various infections. Statistical process control charts were used to display and analyze data over time.

RESULTS:
The AUR decreased from 27.6% at baseline to 15.5%, a 43% reduction, and has been sustained for &gt;18 months. Changes most attributable to this decrease include implementation of the sepsis risk calculator, adopting a 36-hour rule-out period for sepsis evaluations, a 36-hour antibiotic hard stop, and novel guideline for EOS evaluation among infants &lt;35 weeks. The percent of infants discharged without antibiotic exposure increased from 15.8% to 35.1%. The percent of infants ≥36 weeks undergoing evaluation for EOS decreased by 42.3% and for those &lt;35 weeks by 26%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our efforts significantly reduced antibiotic use and exposure in our NICU. Our comprehensive, rigorous approach to QI is applicable to teams focused on improvement.
Formación académica e injusticia epistémica en médicos residentes de primer año
Authors: Acosta-Fernández Martín , Aguilera-Velasco María de los Ángeles , Pozos-Radillo Blanca Elizabeth , Parra Osorio Liliana 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La formación de residentes es un proceso académico complejo, profesores y estudiantes protagonizan una relación altamente jerarquizada proclive a injusticias epistémicas.
Objetivo: Conocer la exposición de residentes de primer año a situaciones de injusticia epistémica y posibles agravios como sujetos de conocimiento.
Método: Análisis temático a 31 residentes. Muestreo propositivo. 55 entrevistas en profunidad, tematización inductiva y codificación deductiva. Análisis de datos mediante Atlas.ti® v.8.4.3.
Resultados: Escenario de poder y posición de poder fueron la temática y sub-temática más recurrentes. Las experiencias de agravio se manifestaron mediante el silenciamiento y opresión epistémica.
Conclusiones: Los residentes entrevistados enfrentan situaciones de injusticia epistémica y se refleja en actos de agravio contra su persona.
Features of intravital renal topography in various patient’s positions on the basis of multislice computed tomography findings
Authors: Lyashchenko S. N. , Demin D. B. , Urazov D. F. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate changes in the renal topography in the supine and lateral position of the patient in order to further improve the preoperative planning of laparoscopic operations in kidney masses.Material and methods. The study included 35 patients with a simple renal cyst, who underwent computed tomography in the supine position and on the healthy side (operating position). To assess the topography, the authors have proposed the following coordinate system: on axial computed tomograms performed with the patient in the supine and lateral position, the OY axis was drawn across the spinous process and the middle of the vertebral body, the OX axis was perpendicular, and went across the most posterior point of the spinal foramen. CT-grams were assessed using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer program. Results. The study defined morphometric features of the renal displacement medially and anteriorly, as well as cranially or caudally. There was a greater mobility of the left kidney compared with the right kidney. The least mobile was the upper third of the kidney on each side, the middle third of the kidney was more mobile at the level of the hilum, and the greatest displacement was noted in the lower third of the kidney. When patients being in the lateral position, the left kidney was more often displaced downward (caudally) – in 83% of cases, the right kidney was equally often displaced cranially (53% of cases) and caudally - 47%. In all cases of the patient's lateral position, the displacement of the kidney was accompanied by deformation of its vascular pedicle. Conclusion. The data obtained must be taken into account in preoperative planning, when performing laparoscopic kidney surgery.
Morphological study of the retina of WAG/Rij rats with pigmentary degeneration in postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Musina L. A. , Baigil'din S. S. , Khismatullina Z. R. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to detect morphofunctional features of the retina of WAG/Rij rats during postnatal development from the 1st to the 360th day after birth.Material and methods. The study included retina of the inbred WAG/Rij rats (60 eyeballs from 30 rats totally) from the 1st to the 360th day of life. Standard histological studies were performed on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of acidic glial fibrillar protein GFAP in the rat retina. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and a universal secondary detection system (NovocastraTM) were used for imaging. The degree of protein expression in the retina of WAG/Rij rats was compared in different age groups.Results. It was found that after birth, the retina of rat models of the WAG/Rij line is formed in the same way as the retina of rats of other strains and acquires a definitive structure only by the end of the second week (correlates with the opening of the eyes). On the 20th day, the first signs of dystrophic and destructive processes appear in the retina of WAG / Rij rats progressing as they grow older and leading to retinal gliosis. The increase in the expression of acidic glial fibrillar protein GFAP begins from the 30th day and increases with age as destructive processes in the retina increase. Conclusion. The early postnatal development of the retina of the WAG/Rij rats, which correlates in character with the postnatal retina development of rats of other strains, is interrupted by the launch of destructive processes in the retina soon after its complete differentiation. The further intensifying cascade of degeneration over time leads to the death of retinal neurons and their replacement by glial cells.
Novel histochemical approach for evaluation of tryptase expression in the mast cell population
Authors: Atyakshin D. A. , Gerasimova O. A. , Meshkova V. Yu , Samodurova N. Yu. , Samoilenko T. V. , Shishkina V. V. 
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a novel histochemical approach for evaluation of tryptase expression in the mast cell population. To study the selective effect of mast cells (MC) on the parameters of a specific tissue microenvironment, it is necessary to detail the molecular composition of their secretome and analyze the pathways of degranulation. The developed method for combined immunomorphological and histochemical tryptase staining protocols contributes to a more objective determination of the integral level of specific protease expression in the skin MC population. Extra visualization potentials of cytological features and specific aspects of tryptase processing expand efficiency of morphological analysis in both normal and pathological conditions.