bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteroepitaxial growth of vertically orientated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐L (Co/Zn‐ZIF‐L) molecular sieve membranes
Authors: Zhu Junyong , Li Hui , Hou Jingwei , Liu Jindun , Zhang Yatao , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the extensive potential of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes in gas separation, the development of continuous, oriented ZIF membranes onto a polymeric substrate remains a significant challenge. This is presumably due to weak adhesion, and insufficient heterogeneous nucleation sites on the polymer surface. Herein, a layer of horizontally aligned poly(sodium‐4‐styrene sulfonate)‐modified halloysite nanotubes (PSS‐HNTs) with ample nucleation sites was used for templated growth of vertically oriented Zn‐ZIF‐L layers. Then we successfully developed the first well‐intergrown membranes of Co‐ZIF‐L on Zn‐ZIF‐L layers via heteroepitaxial growth. The stepwise deposition was utilized for the control of ZIF films orientation to avoid random nucleation and twins overgrowth. The integration of preferred vertical orientation and optimized grain boundary structure endowed the Co/Zn‐ZIF‐L membranes with a remarkable gas separation performance (CO2 permeance: 244.9 GPU, and CO2/N2 selectivity: 17.8). Our methodology provides a useful guideline to design mixed‐component, vertically oriented ZIF‐L to improve gas separation performance.
Examining the impact of occupational health and safety vulnerability on injury claim reporting in three Canadian provinces
Authors: Nadalin Victoria , Smith Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe workers' compensation system covers wages and health care costs associated with work‐related injuries or illnesses. We explore if dimensions of occupational health and safety vulnerability are associated with differences in reporting work‐related injuries to workers' compensation boards (WCBs).MethodsWe examined data from adults reporting physical workplace injuries requiring time off or health care. We explored relationships between exposure to nine hazards, risk from inadequate policies and procedures, inadequate occupational health and safety (OHS) awareness, inadequate empowerment, and reporting to provincial WCBs. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess risk from dimensions of workplace vulnerability for not reporting an injury to WCBs.ResultsOf 326 participants, 64% did not report injuries to WCBs. Reporting was higher among those with hazardous workplace exposures compared to those without (40% vs 22%, P = .01), lower among those with inadequate policy and procedures and inadequate awareness protections. Inadequate OHS awareness protection was related to not reporting to WCBs in logistic regression models. Women, those working part‐time, workers in education, health, and public administration, and non‐unionized workers were less likely to report injuries (nonsignificant), while workers with postgraduate educations were significantly less likely to report an injury compared to referent (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.57‐9.62).ConclusionA general lack of knowledge about OHS rights and responsibilities was associated with low levels of reporting. This suggests there is a knowledge deficit among some workers, possibly amenable to joint efforts to increase rights and responsibilities related to OHS with the dissemination of information about rights to workers' compensation.
Multimodal pair‐bond maintenance: A review of signaling across modalities in pair‐bonded nonhuman primates
Authors: Singletary Britt , Tecot Stacey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOnly a handful of primate species exhibit the social relationship of pair‐bonding. Efficient communication is critical for behavioral coordination within pair‐bonds to maintain proximity and respond appropriately to extra‐pair individuals, and possibly coordinate infant care. The use of complex signaling across modalities may help individuals improve communicative outcomes. We review many ways that pair‐bonded species use signals to communicate and maintain bonds, though little previous research has taken a truly multimodal approach within a single species. We make a call for further investigation into pair‐bonded communication using a multimodal approach to better understand how these species use all their senses to build, maintain, and advertise their bonds.
Z‐Schema‐Photokatalysesysteme für die Kohlendioxidreduktion: Wo stehen wir heute?
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie Umwandlung von CO2in Kraftstoffe mit Sonnenlicht ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, Erderwärmungs‐ und Energievorratsprobleme zugleich zu lösen. Wesentlich ist hier die Gestaltung effizienter Photokatalysatoren mit hervorragenden speziellen Eigenschaften wie verlässlicher Lichtabsorptionsfähigkeit, hohem Redoxpotential, hoher Ladungstrennung und ausgezeichneten Standzeiten. Bisher erfüllt kein Einkomponenten‐Photokatalysator alle diese Kriterien gleichzeitig. Eine Zielrichtung, diese Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden, ist die Entwicklung künstlicher Z‐Schema‐Photokatalysatoren, deren Funktionsweise von der natürlichen Photosynthese inspiriert ist. Zunächst stellen wir in diesem Aufsatz die Grundlagen der photokatalytischen CO2‐Reduktion und der Z‐Schema‐Systeme vor. Danach schildern wir den neusten Stand der Z‐Schema‐photokatalytischen CO2‐Reduktion, wobei die Hauptfaktoren, die sich auf die Photoaktivität auswirken, im Vordergrund stehen. Zudem werden weitere Modifizierungen besprochen, die für eine effiziente Photokatalyse als wichtig gelten.
Direct Access to Isotopically Labeled Aliphatic Ketones Mediated by Nickel(I) Activation
Authors: Donslund Aske S. , Pedersen Simon S. , Gaardbo Cecilie , Neumann Karoline T. , Kingston Lee , Elmore Charles S. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn extensive range of functionalized aliphatic ketones with good functional‐group tolerance has been prepared by a NiI‐promoted coupling of either primary or secondary alkyl iodides with NN2 pincer NiII‐acyl complexes. The latter were easily accessed from the corresponding NiII‐alkyl complexes with stoichiometric CO. This Ni‐mediated carbonylative coupling is adaptable to late‐stage carbon isotope labeling, as illustrated by the preparation of isotopically labelled pharmaceuticals. Preliminary investigations suggest the intermediacy of carbon‐centered radicals.
Deactivation of Cu‐Exchanged Automotive‐Emission NH3‐SCR Catalysts Elucidated with Nanoscale Resolution Using Scanning Transmission X‐ray Microscopy
Authors: Ye Xinwei , Schmidt Joel E. , Wang Ru‐Pan , van Ravenhorst Ilse K. , Oord Ramon , Chen Tiehong , de Groot Frank , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of catalyst durability for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with an ammonia reductant, we employed scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) to study Cu‐exchanged zeolites with the CHA and MFI framework structures before and after simulated 135 000‐mile aging. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) measurements were performed at the Al K‐ and Cu L‐edges. The local environment of framework Al, the oxidation state of Cu, and geometric changes were analyzed, showing a multi‐factor‐induced catalytic deactivation. In Cu‐exchanged MFI, a transformation of CuII to CuI and CuxOy was observed. We also found a spatial correlation between extra‐framework Al and deactivated Cu species near the surface of the zeolite as well as a weak positive correlation between the amount of CuI and tri‐coordinated Al. By inspecting both Al and Cu in fresh and aged Cu‐exchanged zeolites, we conclude that the importance of the preservation of isolated CuII sites trumps that of Brønsted acid sites for NH3‐SCR activity.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Access to Spirocycles through C−H Activation and Axial‐to‐Central Chirality Transfer
Authors: Kong Lingheng , Han Xi , Liu Song , Zou Yun , Lan Yu , Li Xingwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAxial‐to‐central chirality transfer is an important strategy to construct chiral centers, where the axially chiral reagents are mostly limited to atropomerically stable ones. Reported herein is a RhIII‐catalyzed enantioselective spiroannulative synthesis of nitrones. The coupling proceeds via C−H arylation to give an atropomerically metastable biaryl, followed by intramolecular dearomative trapping under oxidative conditions with high degree of chirality transfer.
Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes through Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C−H Olefination Enabled by an Amino Amide Transient Directing Group
Authors: Song Hong , Li Ya , Yao Qi‐Jun , Jin Liang , Liu Lei , Liu Yan‐Hua , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral styrenes remains a formidable challenge due to their relatively lower rotational barriers compared to the biaryl atropoisomers. Herein, we describe the construction of axially chiral styrenes through PdII‐catalyzed atroposelective C−H olefination, using a bulky amino amide as a transient chiral auxiliary. Various axially chiral styrenes were produced with good yields and high enantioselectivity (up to 95 % yield and 99 %ee). Carboxylic acid derivatives of the resulting axially chiral styrenes showed superior enantiocontrol over the biaryl counterparts in CoIII‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)−H amidation of thioamide. Mechanistic studies suggest that C−H cleavage is the enantioselectivity‐determining step.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of HalogenatedSalen Copper (II) Complexes derived from Camphoric Acid
Authors: Pires Ana Salomé , Batista João , Murtinho Dina , Nogueira Célia , Karamysheva Anna , Luísa Ramos M. , Milne Bruce F. , Tavares Nuno Tiago , Gonçalves José , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Soares Rui , Gonçalves Teresa , Botelho Maria Filomena , Silva Serra M. Elisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlatinum metal complexes are the most common chemotherapeutics currently used in cancer treatment. However, the frequent adverse effects, as well as acquired resistance by tumor cells, urge the development of effective alternatives. In the recent past, copper complexes with Schiff base ligands have emerged as good alternatives, showing interesting results. Accordingly, and in continuation of previous studies in this area, three new camphoric acid‐derived halogenated salen ligands and their corresponding Cu (II) complexes were synthesized and their antitumor activity was evaluated in order to determine the influence of the type and number of halogens present (Br, Cl). Thein vitrocytotoxic activity was screened against colorectal WiDr and LS1034 and against breast MCF‐7 and HCC1806 cancer cell lines. The results proved the halogenated complexes to be very efficient, the tetrachlorinated Cu (II) complex being the most promising, presenting IC50of 0.63–1.09 μM for the cell lines studied. The complex also shows selectivity to colorectal cancer cells compared to non‐tumor colon cells. It is worth highlighting that the tetrachlorinated Cu (II) complex, our most efficient complex, shows a significantly more powerful antitumor effect than the reference drugs currently used in conventional chemotherapy.The halogenated salen and corresponding complexes were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacterial species‐Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa‐and four fungal species‐Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Aspergillus fumigatusandAlternaria alternata. The compounds were found to exhibit moderate to strong antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains studied.NMR studies and theoretical calculations provided some insight into the structure of the ligands and copper complexes.Considering the results presented herein, our work validates the potential use of copper‐based chemotherapeutics as alternatives for cancer treatment.
Fabrication of polyamide thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane incorporated with a novel graphite‐based carbon material for desalination
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Yanyi , Wei Yulin , Gao Congjie , Zhu Guiru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe properties of polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes are affected by many variables, especially the additives in the process of interfacial polymerization that play an important role in the properties of membranes. In this study, a new type graphite carbon was added into organic phase containing trimesoyl chloride for interfacial polymerization with aqueous phase containing m‐phenylenediamine to prepare modified polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) adhibition. Polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes were used as the carrier of the interfacial polymerization. The concentration of graphite carbon was selected from 0.002 to 0.01 wt%. The polyamide nanocomposite membrane prepared with the concentration of 0.004 wt% graphite carbon showed the best RO desalination performance, which the water flux of this TFN membrane is over 2.3 times as much as pristine TFC membrane, and the salt rejection is over 99%. This article provides a well‐performing polyamide thin film nanocomposite membrane modified by a new‐type carbon nanoparticles consequently.
Managing Legionella pneumophila in Water Systems
Authors: LeChevallier Mark W. 
Published: February 2020

Key TakeawaysUtilities might be in compliance with water treatment regulations, but is this enough to safeguard against pathogens such as Legionella?Keeping Legionella in check in a distribution system involves a systematic program of disinfection, hydraulic management, nutrient limitation, and temperature control.If a utility decides to monitor for Legionella, several options are available. Certain questions should be considered, and a plan should be in place in case Legionella is detected.
Bellevue Smart: Development and Integration of a Smart City
Authors: Picardal Chelo , Pugliese Brian , Rhee Sokwoo , Nguyen Cuong , Kadiyala Raja , Thompson Ken 
Published: February 2020

Key TakeawaysIn Washington, the City of Bellevue wanted to break away from the inefficiency of siloed operations and create a unified, data‐based, smart‐city strategy across all city departments.The Bellevue Smart Team tested a water module in its new City Portal, starting with a dashboard that would organize and optimize data for a better customer, utility, and city experience.The platform used to set up the City Portal allows for flexibility in adding modules and adopting new technologies.
Landscape Transformation Reduces Water Demand
Authors: Chesnutt Thomas , Erbeznik Maureen 
Published: February 2020

Key TakeawaysThe Alliance for Water Efficiency conducted a study of water utilities’ outdoor water conservation programs and factors in bringing about water‐wise changes.Landscape transformation consists of a focus on sustainable landscapes and a shift in the market mindset.Water utilities play an influential role in motivating and helping consumers to create water‐saving landscapes.The water industry can be a catalyst and an advocate for landscape transformation.
Materials Informatics Screening of Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials with Enhanced Characteristics Using Synthesis Data
Authors: Kireeva Natalia , Pervov Vladislav S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are the objects of active research and attract interest as important elements of near‐term energy storage technologies. The ever‐growing requirements for cathode materials of next‐generation LIBs impel the need to screen the materials with high energy and power densities, cycling stability, rate capability, safety and compatibility with other battery elements. This study is focused on Li‐rich layered oxide cathode materials as the materials candidates that are characterized by high energy density and large capacity and are therefore attractive as the potential solution for next‐generation LIBs whereas moderate structural stability hinders their commercialization. Machine learning‐assisted analysis of the collected experimental data has been performed for assessing the contribution of lattice doping, composition of compounds, the method and details of synthesis in the electrochemical characteristics. The possibility to relate parameters with the formation of a certain structure type (composite or solid solution), conceivable phase transformations and space charge layer formation are discussed. From this analysis, the features most probably amenable for electrochemical characteristics enhancement are distinguished and the focus area for further research is defined.
Neural substrates of mnemonic discrimination: A whole‐brain fMRI investigation
Authors: Klippenstein Jenna L. , Stark Shauna M. , Stark Craig E. L. , Bennett Ilana J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionA fundamental component of episodic memory is the ability to differentiate new and highly similar events from previously encountered events. Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified hippocampal involvement in this type of mnemonic discrimination (MD), but few studies have assessed MD‐related activity in regions beyond the hippocampus. Therefore, the current fMRI study examined whole‐brain activity in healthy young adults during successful discrimination of the test phase of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.MethodIn the study phase, participants made “indoor”/“outdoor” judgments to a series of objects. In the test phase, they made “old”/“new” judgments to a series of probe objects that were either repetitions from the memory set (targets), similar to objects in the memory set (lures), or novel. We assessed hippocampal and whole‐brain activity consistent with MD using a step function to identify where activity to targets differed from activity to lures with varying degrees of similarity to targets (high, low), responding to them as if they were novel.ResultsResults revealed that the hippocampus and occipital cortex exhibited differential activity to repeated stimuli relative to even highly similar stimuli, but only hippocampal activity predicted discrimination performance.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the notion that successful MD is supported by the hippocampus, with auxiliary processes supported by cortex (e.g., perceptual discrimination).
Transfer of Nitrogen Fixation (nif) Genes to Non‐diazotrophic Hosts
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Sanfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth. To enhance crop productivity, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is commonly applied in agriculture. Biological nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3, is an important source of nitrogen input in agriculture and represents a promising substitute for chemical nitrogen fertilizers. However, nitrogen fixation is only sporadically distributed within bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs). Thus, many biologists hope to reconstitute a nitrogenase biosynthetic pathway in a eukaryotic host, with the final aim of developing N2‐fixing cereal crops. With the advent of synthetic biology and a deep understanding of the fundamental genetic determinants necessary to sustain nitrogen fixation in bacteria, much progress has been made toward this goal. Transfer of native and refactored nif (nitrogen fixation) genes to non‐diazotrophs has been attempted in model bacteria, yeast, and plants. Specifically, nif genes from Klebsiella oxytoca, Azotobacter vinelandii, and Paenibacillus polymyxa have been successfully transferred and expressed in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and even in the tobacco plant. These advances have laid the groundwork to enable cereal crops to “fix” nitrogen themselves to sustain their growth and yield.
Real‐world reasons and outcomes for 1‐month versus longer dual antiplatelet therapy strategies with a polymer‐free BIOLIMUS A9‐coated stent
Authors: Gallone Guglielmo , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Cortese Bernardo , Di Biasi Maurizio , Omedè Pierluigi , Capodanno Davide , Cerrato Enrico , Vicinelli Paolo , Infantino Vincenzo , Poli Arnaldo , Ugo Fabrizio , Conrotto Federico , Grigis Giulietta , Varbella Ferdinando , Latini Roberto A. , D'Urbano Maurizio , Montabone Andrea , Senatore Gaetano , Ferrara Erika , D'Amico Maurizio , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Ielasi Alfonso 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA large trial established the favorable profile of a new polymer‐free biolimus A9‐eluting stent (PF‐BES) with a 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients. This is the first study comparing outcomes for a 1‐month versus longer DAPT strategies following PF‐BES‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsAll patients undergoing PF‐BES‐PCI (January 2016 to July 2018) were included in the multicenter CHANCE registry. Patients were stratified according to DAPT strategy at discharge (planned 1‐month vs. planned >1‐month). Primary outcomes were the 390‐day estimates of a patient‐oriented and of a device‐oriented composite endpoints (POCE: death, myocardial infarction [MI] or target vessel revascularization; DOCE: cardiac death, target vessel‐MI or ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization). Landmark analyses from 1‐month post‐PCI were carried.ResultsFollowing PF‐BES‐PCI, 328(40.3%) and 485(59.6%) patients were discharged with 1‐month and longer DAPT (12 months [6–12]), respectively. Patients with a previous or index MI were less likely to be discharged on 1‐month DAPT. Patients prescribed with 1‐month DAPT were more likely to be at HBR than those with longer DAPT (90.2% vs. 69.9%, p = .001). No between‐groups differences in the primary outcomes (planned 1‐month vs. planned >1‐month DAPT: POCE 11.9% vs. 13.2%, p = .747; DOCE: 4.8% vs. 8.1%, p = .500) were observed, also after adjusting for confoundings (POCE: adjusted‐hazard ratio [adj‐HR] 1.26, 95%CI 0.74–2.13; DOCE: adj‐HR 1.00, 95%CI 0.49–1.99). Landmark analyses showed similar results.ConclusionsIn a large all‐comers registry of PF‐BES PCI, no interaction of planned DAPT strategy (1‐month vs. >1‐month) with outcomes was found. This observation warrants investigation in adequately powered randomized studies (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03622203).
Electronic Structure Engineering of Carbon Nitride Materials by Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Karjule Neeta , Barrio Jesús , Tzadikov Jonathan , Shalom Menny 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe design of charge separation sites under illumination in semiconductors is a standing challenge for their utilization as photo(electro)catalysts. Here, the synthesis of modified carbon nitride materials (CNs) with donor–acceptor (D–A) domains, with altering electronic structure, is reported. To do so, new monomers based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)‐substituted 1,3,5‐triazine were designed, which were then embedded within cyanuric acid–melamine supramolecular assemblies to form CN precursors. The conjugation degree of PAHs was systematically changed, from single benzene ring up to pyrene unit, elucidating the role of the conjugation degree on the morphology, structure and electronic properties as well as photo(electro)catalytic activity. The careful design of the D–A sites results in excellent photocatalytic activity as well as long‐term stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, PAH–CNs films exhibit enhanced charge separation, optical absorption, electrochemical surface area and electronic conductivity, leading to an outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity compared to pristine CN.