bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh3)}+ Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Stenger‐Smith Jenny R. , Mascharak Pradip K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing the success of Auranofin as an anti‐arthritic drug, search for novel gold drugs has afforded a large number of [L−Au(PPh3)] complexes that exhibit notable salutary effects. Unlike Au(III)‐containing species, these gold complexes with {Au(PPh3)}+ moiety are stable in biological media and readily exchange L with S‐ and Se‐containing enzymes or proteins. Such exchange leads to rapid reduction of microbial loads or induction of apoptotic cell death at malignant sites. In many cases the lipophilic {Au(PPh3)}+ moiety delivers a desirable toxic L to the specific cellular target in addition to exhibiting its own beneficial activity. Further research and utilization of this synthon in drug design could lead to novel chemotherapeutics for treatment of drug‐resistant pathogens and cancers.
A rare presentation of Erdheim Chester disease in a pediatric patient subsequently cured on the LCH III protocol
Authors: Gupta Aditya Kumar , M Abdul Wajid , Meena Jagdish P. , ArunRaj Sreedharan T. , Mridha Asit , Naranje Priyanka , Kumar Rakesh , Seth Rachna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundErdheim Chester disease (ECD) is very rare in pediatrics with no standard treatment guidelines. Here we present the case of a pediatric ECD patient who was cured with a Langerhan cell histiocytosis (LCH) directed chemotherapy protocol.AimThe aim of the report was to publish this rare presentation of ECD in pediatrics and highlight the complete response obtained to treatment.MethodsThe details of the patient were extracted by a retrospective review of her clinical records.Results (Case)An 11 years old girl presented with fever and bone pain. On investigating she had multiple lytic bony lesions scattered throughout her skeleton. A biopsy from one of the bone lesions confirmed the diagnosis to be ECD. ECD is very rare in pediatrics and this case adds to the existing list of 11 previously reported ones. Also, worth mention is the fact that the child presented with isolated skeletal involvement in form of multiple osteolytic lesions. The child was started on the LCH‐III protocol on which she achieved a cure.ConclusionLytic bone lesions in a child may be present in ECD. A subset of ECD may have good response to LCH like chemotherapy.
The Logarithmic Sobolev Inequality for a Submanifold in Euclidean Space
Authors: Brendle Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove a sharp logarithmic Sobolev inequality that holds for submanifolds in Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension and codimension. Like the Michael‐Simon Sobolev inequality, this inequality includes a term involving the mean curvature. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid many‐objective optimization algorithm for coal green production problem
Authors: Cui Zhihua , Zhang Jiangjiang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe problem of convergence and diversity in the course of population evolution is difficult to be balanced for solving the many‐objective optimization problem (MaOP). To track with the problem, a many‐objective optimization algorithm is designed. In the algorithm, a hybrid selection mechanism under the concurrent integration strategy is built to improve algorithm performance by employing the different selection operators. The concurrent integration strategy can select the suitable operator to balance the convergence and diversity of the solution in the course of the population evolutionary. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the designed algorithm is compared with other five excellent many‐objective algorithms on DTLZ and WFG test problem. What is more, the designed algorithm is applied to solve the coal green production optimization problem. The simulation results show that the performance of designed algorithm is superior to whether the DTLZ and WFG test problem or the application problem.
Smart algorithmic based web crawling and scraping with template autoupdate capabilities
Authors: Qudus Khan Fazal , Tsaramirsis Georgios , Ullah Naimat , Nazmudeen Mohamed , Jan Sadeeq , Ahmad Awais 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWeb scraping is the process of extracting data from web pages and it is an essential part for the generation of datasets. Currently the field is dominated by capable commercial applications, however, there is always a need for web crawling and web scraping applications for custom projects. Developing fit for purpose tools for retrieving and structuring data from web services, cloud systems, and big data is a challenging task. Based on empirical studies, some of the challenges include structural issues, formatting/ presentation, availability, denial of service, size, and information fetching problems with browsers. Additionally, the data become inaccessible after the structure/template of the website changes for example, after the website update. Thus the dataset cannot be updated in the future without manually modifying the parameters of the Web Scraper. In this paper we propose an algorithm capable of autocorrecting the template (web scraping parameters) used for locating the target data and dealing with some common empirical problems. This is very useful in case there is a need for updating the dataset later, as usually, websites tend to change their pages. Moreover, we introduce an implementation of the algorithm via a tool developed for extracting data from the unity asset store. The tool can capture and store data in XML format. The tool extracted a total of 46 785 (40 611 3D and 6174 2D) items, with 35 successful first retries, 11 second retries and 5 fails.
Inducing Experimental Polymicrobial Sepsis by Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Sjaastad Frances V. , Jensen Isaac J. , Berton Roger R. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Griffith Thomas S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous models are available for the preclinical study of sepsis, and they fall into one of three general categories: (1) administration of exogenous toxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, zymosan), (2) virulent bacterial or viral challenge, and (3) host barrier disruption, e.g., cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP). Of the murine models used to study the pathophysiology of sepsis, CLP combines tissue necrosis and polymicrobial sepsis secondary to autologous fecal leakage, as well as hemodynamic and biochemical responses similar to those seen in septic humans. Further, a transient numerical reduction of multiple immune cell types, followed by development of prolonged immunoparalysis, occurs in CLP‐induced sepsis just as in humans. Use of the CLP model has led to a vast expansion in knowledge regarding the intricate physiological and cellular changes that occur during and after a septic event. This updated article details the steps necessary to perform this survival surgical technique, as well as some of the obstacles that may arise when evaluating the sepsis‐induced changes within the immune system. It also provides representative monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels for multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of the murine immune system in the septic host. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Cecal ligation and puncture in the mouse
Age‐related remodelling of the blood immunological portrait and the local tumor immune response in patients with luminal breast cancer
Authors: Berben Lieze , Floris Giuseppe , Kenis Cindy , Dalmasso Bruna , Smeets Ann , Vos Hanne , Neven Patrick , Antoranz Martinez Asier , Laenen Annouschka , Wildiers Hans , Hatse Sigrid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesAging is associated with altered immune function and chronic low‐grade inflammation, referred to as immunosenescence. As breast cancer is an age‐related disease, the impact of aging on tumor immune responses may have important consequences. However, effects of immunosenescence on breast tumor immune infiltration remain largely unknown.MethodsThis exploratory study investigated a broad panel of immune/senescence markers in peripheral blood and in the tumor microenvironment of young, middle‐aged and old patients diagnosed with early invasive luminal (hormone‐sensitive, HER2‐negative) breast cancer. In the old group, G8‐scores were computed as a correlate for clinical frailty.ResultsSignificant age‐related changes in plasma levels of several inflammatory mediators (IL‐1α, IP‐10, IL‐8, MCP‐1, CRP), immune checkpoint markers (Gal‐9, sCD25, TIM‐3, PD‐L1), IGF‐1 and circulating miRs (miR‐18a, miR‐19b, miR‐20, miR‐155, miR‐195 and miR‐326) were observed. Shifts were observed in distinct peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, particularly naive CD8+ T‐cells. At the tumor level, aging was associated with lower total lymphocytic infiltration, together with decreased abundance of several immune cell markers, especially CD8. The relative fractions of cell subsets in the immune infiltrate were also altered. Clinical frailty was associated with higher frequencies of exhausted/senescent (CD27−CD28− and/or CD57+) terminally differentiated CD8+ cells in the blood and with increased tumor infiltration by FOXP3+ cells.ConclusionAging and frailty are associated with profound changes of the blood and tumor immune profile in luminal breast cancer, pointing to a different interplay between tumor cells, immune cells and inflammatory mediators at higher age.
BRD4 regulates self‐renewal ability and tumorigenicity of glioma‐initiating cells by enrichment in the Notch1 promoter region
Authors: Tao Zhennan , Li Xuetao , Wang Hao , Chen Guangliang , Feng Zibin , Wu Yue , Yin Haoran , Zhao Guozheng , Deng Zhitong , Zhao Chaohui , Li Yanyan , Sun Ting , Zhou Youxin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins are considered to be epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression by recognizing acetyl lysine residues on histones and nonhistone chromatin factors and have been classified as curative targets for a variety of cancers. Glioma‐initiating cells (GICs), which commit self‐renewal, perpetual proliferation, multidirectional differentiation, and vigorous tumorigenicity, sustain the peculiar genetic and epigenetic diversification in the GBM patients, thus, GICs result in tumor recurrence. Abundant evidence demonstrates that BET proteins regulate differentiation of stem cells. However, it endures ambiguous how individual BET proteins take part in GIC advancement, and how do small molecule inhibitors like I‐BET151 target functional autonomous BET proteins. Here, we validated that BRD4, not BRD2 or BRD3, has value in targeted glioma therapy. We announce a signaling pathway concerning BRD4 and Notch1 that sustains the self‐renewal of GICs. Moreover, in‐depth mechanistic research showed that BRD4 was concentrated at the promoter region of Notch1 and may be involved in the process of tumor metabolism. Furthermore, in intracranial models, I‐BET151 eliminated U87 GICs’ tumorigenicity. The outcomes of this research could be conducive to design clinical trials for treatment of glioma based on BRD4.
Improving transgene expression and CRISPR‐Cas9 efficiency with molecular engineering‐based molecules
Authors: Zhan Hengji , Ding Mengting , Zhou Qun , Li Aolin , Cai Zhiming , Huang Weiren , Liu Yuchen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a novel and robust gene‐editing tool, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) system has revolutionized gene therapy. Plasmid vector delivery is the most commonly used method for integrating the CRISPR‐Cas9 system into cells. However, such foreign cytosolic DNAs trigger an innate immune response (IIR) within cells, which can hinder gene editing by inhibiting transgene expression. Although some small molecules have been shown to avoid the action of IIR on plasmids, they only work on a single target and may also affect cell viability. A genetic approach that works at a comprehensive level for manipulating IIR is still lacking. Here, we designed and constructed several artificial nucleic acid molecules (ANAMs), which are combinations of aptamers binding to two key players of IIR (β‐catenin and NF‐κB). ANAMs strongly inhibited the IIR in cells, thus improving transgene expression. We also used ANAMs to improve the gene‐editing efficiency of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system and its derivatives, thus enhancing the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by CRISPR‐Cas9. ANAMs can be valuable tools for improving transgene expression and gene editing in mammalian cells.
Artificial oral fluid characterisation: Potential for use as a reference matrix in drug testing
Authors: Gavrilović Ivana , Musenga Alessandro , Cowan David , Woffendin Alison , Smart Andrew , Gong Fan , Harding Duncan , Wolff Kim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuality assurance schemes for drug‐screening programmes require access to large quantities of biological matrices for reference or control samples. This presents problems when the availability of a matrix, such as oral fluid (OF) for screening or for confirmatory purposes, limits the collection of large volumes. In such cases, synthetic alternatives of OF may provide a solution. The preparation of an artificial (synthetic) oral fluid (AOF) was conducted by dissolving its components (salts, surfactant, antimicrobial agent and mucin) in water. We characterised the physical properties of AOF to determine its suitability as a matrix for quality assurance purposes. The evaluation of pH, specific gravity (SG), conductivity (mS cm−1), freezing point depression (°C), light‐scattering and kinematic viscosity (mm2 s−1) showed AOF to be a stable, reliable matrix. Synthetic OF was prepared using components (mucin, surfactants and so on) obtained from different suppliers and a comparison was performed. Our results suggest that AOF is a feasible matrix for the preparation of quality assurance samples for confirmatory or drug screening programmes.
Acceptability and tolerability of a meal‐based, rapid refeeding, behavioral weight restoration protocol for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Guarda Angela S. , Cooper Marita , Pletch Allisyn , Laddaran Lori , Redgrave Graham W. , Schreyer Colleen C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveSafe, tolerable, effective approaches to weight restoration are needed for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). We examined weight outcomes and patient satisfaction with an integrated, inpatient‐partial hospitalization, meal‐based behavioral program that rapidly weight restores a majority of patients.MethodConsecutively discharged inpatients (N = 149) treated on weight gain protocol completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing treatment satisfaction at inpatient discharge. Responders (107/149) rated their satisfaction with program components, feeling included in treatment, and likelihood of returning, or recommending the program to others. Clinical and demographic data were abstracted by chart review on all cases.ResultsOver 70% of adult patients met BMI≥19 kg/m2 by program discharge. Mean inpatient rate of gain was 1.85 kg/week (SD = 0.89). A majority (83.2%) would recommend the program to others and 71.4% endorsed a willingness to return if needed. The behavioral treatment focus was rated highly by 82.9% of respondents and was the strongest predictor of likelihood of referring others.DiscussionResults indicate a behaviorally focused, integrated, meal‐based specialty program for eating disorders that includes rapid weight gain is acceptable to most participants. Data have implications for quality care, outcome reporting, and cost‐effectiveness of inpatient behavioral weight restoration programs for individuals with AN.
Consequences of multiple imputation of missing standard deviations and sample sizes in meta‐analysis
Authors: Kambach Stephan , Bruelheide Helge , Gerstner Katharina , Gurevitch Jessica , Beckmann Michael , Seppelt Ralf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeta‐analyses often encounter studies with incompletely reported variance measures (e.g., standard deviation values) or sample sizes, both needed to conduct weighted meta‐analyses. Here, we first present a systematic literature survey on the frequency and treatment of missing data in published ecological meta‐analyses showing that the majority of meta‐analyses encountered incompletely reported studies. We then simulated meta‐analysis data sets to investigate the performance of 14 options to treat or impute missing SDs and/or SSs. Performance was thereby assessed using results from fully informed weighted analyses on (hypothetically) complete data sets. We show that the omission of incompletely reported studies is not a viable solution. Unweighted and sample size‐based variance approximation can yield unbiased grand means if effect sizes are independent of their corresponding SDs and SSs. The performance of different imputation methods depends on the structure of the meta‐analysis data set, especially in the case of correlated effect sizes and standard deviations or sample sizes. In a best‐case scenario, which assumes that SDs and/or SSs are both missing at random and are unrelated to effect sizes, our simulations show that the imputation of up to 90% of missing data still yields grand means and confidence intervals that are similar to those obtained with fully informed weighted analyses. We conclude that multiple imputation of missing variance measures and sample sizes could help overcome the problem of incompletely reported primary studies, not only in the field of ecological meta‐analyses. Still, caution must be exercised in consideration of potential correlations and pattern of missingness.
YIMBY—Yes, In My BackYard!—The successful transition to a local online ecology field course
Authors: McKinnon Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractField biology courses provide the ultimate experiential education as students discover the links between theory and practice in ecology and evolution directly in nature. During the spring and summer of 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to the cancelation of face‐to‐face classes in almost every university in Canada. Whereas traditional university courses were mostly transferred online, the online transition for field biology courses was not so common. Here, I provide an account of a successful transition from traditional field biology course to an online “backyard biology” field course with a small class size of 10 students. While the online field course may not provide the same level of interpersonal benefits of the traditional field course experience, the model outlined here demonstrates that an online field course that incorporates direct experience with the natural environment is possible and should no longer be considered an oxymoron.
Driving force controller considering lateral slip based on brush model for traction control of independent‐four‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle
Authors: Fuse Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs one of the motion control methods of electric vehicles (EVs), a driving force controller (DFC) with a slip ratio limiter has been proposed. The conventional controller has a slip ratio limiter for safety reasons, but it does not consider the lateral slip of the tire during cornering. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a DFC with a variable slip ratio limiter based on brush model. The experimental results show that the proposed controller can work on both acceleration and deceleration cornering, by increasing the lateral force and lateral acceleration for smoother cornering.
Anti‐EGFR antibody‐drug conjugate for triple‐negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Si Yingnan , Xu Yuanxin , Guan JiaShiung , Chen Kai , Kim Seulhee , Yang Eddy S. , Zhou Lufang , Liu Xiaoguang Margaret 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, metastatic and recurrent. Cytotoxic chemotherapies with limited clinical benefits and severe side effects are the standard therapeutic strategies, but, to date, there is no efficacious targeted therapy. Literature and our data showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed on TNBC cell surface and is a promising oncological target. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) to target EGFR+ TNBC and deliver high‐potency drug. First, we constructed an ADC by conjugating anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibody with mertansine which inhibits microtubule assembly via linker Sulfo‐SMCC. Second, we confirmed the TNBC‐targeting specificity of anti‐EGFR ADC by evaluating its surface binding and internalization in MDA‐MB‐468 cells and targeting to TNBC xenograft in subcutaneous mouse mode. The live‐cell and live‐animal imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) confirmed the TNBC‐targeting. Finally, both in vitro toxicity assay and in vivo anti‐cancer efficacy study in TNBC xenograft models showed that the constructed ADC significantly inhibited TNBC growth, and the pharmacokinetics study indicated its high circulation stability. This study indicated that the anti‐EGFR ADC has a great potential to against TNBC.
ProtÉdge: A few‐shot ensemble learning approach to software‐defined networking‐assisted edge security
Authors: Demirpolat Ahmed , Sarica Alper Kaan , Angin Pelin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has had a significant impact on our lives through many use cases including smart farming, smart homes, and smart healthcare among others. Due to the capacity‐constrained nature of many IoT devices, edge computing has become a significant aid for IoT, replacing cloud computing to support the extremely low latency requirements. With the number of smart devices growing exponentially, the large attack surface created by these devices is concerning. Software‐defined networking (SDN) based architectures come to the rescue of edge‐assisted IoT environments to achieve enhanced security, and they strongly rely on intelligent decision‐making capabilities to act upon the high volume of traffic they control. Machine learning‐based intelligence is already utilized by these systems with successful results when abundant training data are available; however, most algorithms fail in the lack of sufficient training data. In this article, we propose ProtÉdge, an SDN‐based intelligent security architecture for edge‐assisted IoT networks, which utilizes a few‐shot learning classifier, namely prototypical networks, for highly accurate detection of intrusions. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model with the Bot‐IoT data set consisting of real‐world IoT network flows, as well as an SDN data set modeling an edge‐assisted IoT environment and the UNSW‐NB15 data set, and show that the proposed model achieves significantly better performance than state‐of‐the‐art models in the absence of large amounts of sample attacks. The proposed architecture is promising to achieve intelligent security in future's ubiquitous edge‐enabled IoT with its low processing overhead and high intrusion detection accuracy.