bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The occurrence, origin, and fate of water in chromitites in ophiolites
Authors: Su Ben-Xun , Robinson Paul T. , Chen Chen , Xiao Yan , Melcher Frank , Bai Yang , Gu Xiao-Yan , Uysal Ibrahim , Lenaz Davide 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present petrological investigations and mineral chemistry of several Tethyan ophiolites to reveal the occurrence, origin, and fate of water in podiform chromitites. The results show that clinopyroxene and olivine in chromitites have H2O contents of 801–366 and 53–17 ppm, respectively. The highest water contents of olivine occur in massive chromitite and the lowest always in the clinopyroxene-bearing ores because much of the available hydrous fluids was taken up by the clinopyroxene during crystallization. The major and trace elemental and Li isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene associated with chromite and olivine in podiform chromitites indicate formation from a mixture of surface hydrous fluids on chromite grains and evolved melts from which olivine crystallized. The hydrous fluids initially originated from dehydration of a subducting slab as revealed by Li isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene and olivine in the chromitites. High fluid/rock ratios facilitated concentration of chromite to form chromitite, suppressing crystallization of olivine. The hydrous fluids that were collected on the chromite grain surface during crystallization allowed chromite grains to rise via decreasing density in the form of bubbles, thus promoting their gathering and concentration. The fate of these hydrous fluids depends on ambient physical and chemical conditions. Mostly they hydrate adjacent olivine grains in the chromitite or penetrate the surrounding dunite envelope. In some cases, the fluids dissolve into silicate melts to produce water-bearing clinopyroxene and/or hydrous minerals, such as amphibole, or infiltrate silicate and chromite grains to form inclusions, which may exsolve later in the form of mineral lamellae. Our investigations provide direct natural evidence for the presence and importance of water in the formation and evolution of chromite deposits, as inferred by earlier experimental studies.
Evaluating joint operation rules for connecting tunnels between two multipurpose dams
Authors: Jeong Ji-Woo , Kim Young-Oh , Seo Seung Beom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aims to provide a practically efficient approach for determining the most efficient joint operation rule for two reservoirs connected by a waterway tunnel. For this purpose, the connecting tunnel's effect was assessed and three heuristic joint operation rules accounting for the connecting tunnel were evaluated. A standard operation policy with the connecting tunnel led to positive effects on the water resource system of the target basin with regard to a reliable water supply. The connecting tunnel provides an additional water supply of 12.4 million m3/year to the basin, and the reliability of the two reservoirs increased. Among the three rules, the equivalent reservoir (ER) rule led to the most positive effect on water supply. We found that the ER rule could maximize the positive effects of the connecting tunnel by maintaining the effective water storage rates of the two reservoirs. Moreover, the effects of hydrologic uncertainty on the joint operation rules were discussed using the synthetically generated multiple streamflow traces.
Reasons for the homogenization of the seasonal discharges in the Yangtze River
Authors: Chai Yuanfang , Zhu Boyuan , Yue Yao , Yang Yunping , Li Sixuan , Ren Jinqiu , Xiong Haibin , Cui Xin , Yan Xia , Li Yitian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Allocations of water discharges between dry and flood seasons along the Yangtze River have significantly homogenized during the past decades, mainly due to precipitation change, regulation of key hydraulic works on the mainstream like the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), and the construction of numerous dams scattered in sub-basins. To reveal the specific roles of these three major factors in changing the seasonal discharges of the whole Yangtze River, this paper analyzes daily discharges during 1961–2014 at 16 hydrological stations from the far upper reach (the Jinshajiang Reach) to the estuary. We found that precipitation has only homogenized in areas 427 km downstream of the TGR, contributing 9.5–23.6% to the homogenized discharges. Even though the TGR is the largest hydraulic works in the world, it only contributes 17.5–27.2% to the downstream homogenization of seasonal discharge. By comparison, dams in sub-regions are a major contributor (61.1–100%) in the homogenized reach either upper or lower to the TGR. Of all the sub-basins, dams in Hanjiang River basin have the most significant effect (16.9%) on changing the allocations of seasonal discharges to the sea, followed by Wujiang (11.5%), Jialingjiang (10.1%), Yalongjiang (9.4%), Qingjiang (8.4%), and Daduhe-Minjiang (4.7%) river basins.
Investigation of anaerobic side-stream phosphorus recovery and its effect on the performance of mainstream EBPR subjected to low-consumption
Authors: Ma Juan , Yang Ruichun , Yu Xiaojun , Zhao Yuantian , Sang Qianqian , Wang Fangjun , Chen Yongzhi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, phosphate-rich supernatant at the end of anaerobic phase was extracted by a certain side-stream ratio for chemical precipitation to investigate the optimal conditions for phosphorus recovery. The effect of side-stream reaction on the performance of the mainstream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system was also explored. The experiment was carried out in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated in an alternating anaerobic/aerobic mode with dissolved oxygen controlled at 1.0 mg · L−1. The results showed that the optimum magnesium source,temperature, stirring speed and reaction equilibrium time for side-stream phosphorus recovery were: MgCl2 · 6H2O, 25 °C, 150 rpm and 20 min, respectively. It was also observed that the average phosphorus removal efficiency of the mainstream system maintained as high as 90.7% during the side-stream extraction period despite insufficient time for phosphate uptake under limited dissolved oxygen condition and phosphate deprivation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). Besides, the sludge settling performance of the mainstream EBPR system decreased with no sludge loss. Afterwards, phosphorus removal and sludge settling performance were restored with dismissing side-stream phosphorus recovery. This study suggested that side-stream extraction of anaerobic supernatant from a mainstream EBPR subjected to low dissolved oxygen conditions for chemical phosphorus recovery was feasible and environmentally friendly.
Plant Phenolics as Pathogen-Carrier Immunogenicity Modulator Haptens
Authors: Irais Castillo-Maldonado , María-de-la-Luz Sevilla-González , Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán , Agustina Ramírez-Moreno , Nidia Cabral-Hipólito , Mario-Alberto Rivera-Guillén , Luis-Benjamín Serrano-Gallardo , María-del-Carmen Vega-Menchaca , David Pedroza-Escobar 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Pathogens use multiple mechanisms to disrupt cell functioning in their host
and allow pathogenesis. These mechanisms involve communication between the pathogen and the host
cell through protein-protein interactions.

Methods:
Protein-protein interactions chains referred to as signal transduction pathways are the processes
by which a chemical or physical signal transmits through a cell as series of molecular events so
the pathogen needs to intercept these molecular pathways at few positions to induce pathogenesis such
as pathogen viability, infection or hypersensitivity.

Results:
The pathogen nodes of interception are not necessarily the most immunogenic; so that novel
immunogenicity-improvement strategies need to be developed thought a chemical conjugation of the
pathogen-carrier nodes to develop an efficient immune response in order to block pathogenesis. On the
other hand, if pathogen-carriers are immunogens; toleration ought to be induced by this conjugation
avoiding hypersensitivity. Thus, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of plant-phenolics as
pathogen-carrier immunogenicity modulator haptens.

Conclusion:
The plant-phenolic compounds have in their structure functional groups such as hydroxyl,
carbonyl, carboxyl, ester, or ether, capable of reacting with the amino or carbonyl groups of the amino
acids of a pathogen-carrier to form conjugates. Besides, the varied carbon structures these phenolic
compounds have; it is possible to alter the pathogen-carrier related factors that determine the immunogenicity:
1) Structural complexity, 2) Molecular size, 3) Structural heterogeneity, 4) Accessibility to
antigenic determinants or epitopes, 5) Optical configuration, 6) Physical state, or 7) Molecular rigidity.
Oral Biofilm on Dental Materials Among Khat Chewers
Authors: Al Moaleem Mohammed M. , Porwal Amit , Al Ahmari Nasser M. , Shariff Mansoor 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Nowadays khat chewing habit is increasing among population in southern part
of Saudi Arabia, Jazan and till date there is no literature investigating the effect of khat on oral biofilm
on dental materials.

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the bacterial biofilm on different types of dental restorative materials
used in replacing missing tooth structures among khat chewers and non-khat chewers.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred and twenty biofilm samples were collected from different dental restorations,
such as All-ceramic (AL), Metal Ceramic (MC), Metal crowns or bridges (M), Composite
(C), Glass Ionomer (GI) and Amalgam (A) restorations in non-khat and khat chewers (K). DNA extraction
was done and subjected to PCR. Bacterial species, such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Bacillus,
Granulicatella and Veillonella were identified and counted. PCR products were also sequenced to detect
similarity. Association between bacterial type and dental materials among non-khat and khat
chewers were tested with Chi-Square test (Fishers Exact test).

Results:
he frequency and percentage of Streptococcus species were marginally higher among khat
chewers (42; 70%) compared with non-khat chewers (38; 63.3%) group. But the Veillonella species
were higher among non-khat chewers (9: 15%), compared to the khat chewers group (7; 11.7%). No
statistically significant difference was detected among species in both groups. In non-khat and khat
chewer group, the maximum hits were related to Streptococcus spp. in glass ionomer, amalgam, and
composite (restorative materials), followed by metal ceramic and metal (prosthetic materials). Veillonella
spp. showed maximum hits in the metal group among non-khat chewers and in all-ceramic
among khat chewers. Statically significant differences were recorded among composite and amalgam
samples with p values 0.047 and 0.036 in khat chewer group.

Conclusion:
Khat chewers showed statistically significant differences in oral biofilm in the composite
and amalgam restorative materials, but there were no significant differences found among any materials
and species between the groups.
Nutritional and Bioactive Components of Carioca Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Tempeh and Yellow Soybean (Glycine max L.) Tempeh
Authors: Bento Juliana A.C. , Bassinello Priscila Z. , Colombo Aline O. , Vital Rayane J. , Carvalho Rosângela N. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Tempeh, a product of Indonesian origin based on fermented soybeans, is
present in naturalistic diets and has been gaining popularity in other cultures and diets due to the
convenience for food preparation and use, aside from the nutritional and functional quality.

Methods:
In this work, tempehs were produced from common bean, carioca grain type (CBT) aged
and peeled, and in combination with yellow soybean (CBST: 50:50). Products were characterized
based on nutritional quality (proximate composition, fiber, mineral, vitamin B12, energetic value),
physical-chemical properties (pH, acidity, moisture, water activity), functional characteristics (antioxidant
capacity), sensorial aspects (texture and color) and antinutrient content. Data from beanbased
tempehs and the commercially purchased traditional soybean tempeh (ST) were statistically
evaluated and the means compared by Tukey test.

Results:
Although CBT was found nutritionally inferior to ST, its contribution on protein intake was
noteworthy and, unlike ST, it presented high fiber content and low caloric value. P, K, Mg, Cu and
Mo levels meet daily requirements for adults. CBT showed higher antioxidant capacity by DPPH
method and was significantly more soft and elastic and less sticky and gummy when compared to
ST, and L, a* and b* CBT color parameters were more pronounced than ST.

Conclusion:
It can thus be concluded that tempeh based on carioca common beans can be an interesting
alternative for stored grains, with good sensorial and functional properties and making an important
nutritional contribution to the diet.
A Current Review on Drug Loaded Nanofibers: Interesting and Valuable Platform for Skin Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mehan Navneet , Kumar Manish , Bhatt Shailendra , Saini Vipin 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Nanofibers are used in topical medication for various skin diseases like
wound healing, skin cancer and others. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most
widely distributed diseases in the world, of which 99% of people are affected by either basal
cell carcinomas (BCCs) or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin. Skin malignancy is
caused by direct sun exposure and regular application of unsafe restorative items on the skin.

Objective :
This review presents the use of nanofibers in skin cancer treatment and advances
made in skin cancer treatment.

Methods:
There are various methods used in the production of nanofibers such as bicomponent
extrusion, phase separation, template synthesis, drawing, electrospinning, and others. Electrospinning
is the most widely used technique for nanofiber fabrication. The nanofibers are produced
in nanometer size range and mostly used in medication because of their low thickness,
large surface area per unit mass and porosity. Nanofibers are also used as drug delivery system
for sustaining the action of drugs or medicaments.

Results:
Nanofibers enhance the permeation and availability of those drugs having low bioavailability
and low permeability. Nanofibers increase the sustainability of the drugs up to 10 days.

Conclusion:
Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells in the body influencing people of
all colours and skin. In this review paper, the definition and production techniques of nanofibers
and drugs used in skin cancer treatment and the relation between skin cancer and nanofiber are
illustrated in detail. With the help of different techniques and drugs, the risk of non-melanoma
skin cancer is reduced.

Lay Summary:
The risk of skin cancer and other skin problems is increasing day by day. In a
previous study we found that the nanofibers are less used as a topical delivery system. We have
studied the nanofibers as a drug delivery system in the treatment of skin cancer by using different
drugs. According our study nanofibers are most useful in skin drug delivery and if the nanofiber,
are merging with other drug delivery system like nanoparticles, it may maximize the output
of drug into skin. The significance of this study is, to explain all information about nanofibers
in skin cancer.
The sanctuary of Delphi in Heliodorus’ <i>Aethiopica</i>: Between material culture and intertextuality
Authors: Nobili Cecilia 
Published: January 2020

Divine and religious elements are an important part of Greek novels. For this reason, my paper aims to investigate the description of the sanctuary of Delphi in Heliodorus’ Aethiopica by comparing it with other literary and material sources, in order to distinguish literary elements from ones more closely related to the historical reality of the Imperial age. The paper argues that Heliodorus’ reconstruction of the sanctuary is in line with contemporary material evidence, except for some aspects based on literary sources. Authors of the Classical era, such as Euripides and Pindar, are fruitfully placed alongside authors closer to Heliodorus’ age, such as Plutarch and Philostratus. This overlap reflects the discrepancy between the dramatic date of the novel (4th century BC), to which Heliodorus consistently tries to keep throughout the novel with the aid of his Classical sources, and the date of composition of the novel (4th century AD), which places it in the context of the ‘hellenization’ and ‘paganization’ promoted by Emperor Julian. The result is a dynamic and realistic reconstruction of Delphi that brings the idealized portrait of Classical Greece and its authors to life.
The Disputes between Appion and Clement in the Pseudo-Clementine <i>Homilies</i>: A Narrative and Rhetorical Approach to the Structure of <i>Hom</i>. 6
Authors: De Vos Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

First and foremost, this contribution offers (1) a structural and rhetorical reading of the debates on the third day between Clement and Appion in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies (Hom. 6) and shows that there is a well-considered rhetorical ring structure in their disputes. Connected with this first point (2), the suggested reading will unravel how Clement and Appion use and manipulate their sophisticated rhetoric, linked to this particular structure. This is well worth considering since these debates deal with Greek paideia, which means culture and above all education, of which rhetorical education forms part. The rhetorical features will be displayed as a fine product of the rhetorical and even sophistic background in Late Antiquity. Clement, moreover, will present himself as a master in rhetoric against Appion, who is presented as a sophist and grammarian in the novel. Finally (3), the focus on the narrative structure of and the rhetorical dynamics in Hom. 6. will contribute to a better understanding of these disputes between Appion and Clement (Hom. 4-6) and their function in the novel generally.
Fiscal Illusion Detection and Their Effect on Economic Growth in Sulawesi
Authors: Hapsoro Dody , Yoduke Ryfal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of fiscal illusions in the form of flypaper effects and debt illusions in regional government spending and examine its effect on regional economic growth in Sulawesi. The number of samples is 78 based on the completeness criteria of data and information covered in the consolidated balance sheet of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The utilized analytical tool is partial least square analysis assisted by SmartPLS 3.0 software based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the study show that there is a fiscal illusion in the form of flypaper effects and the illusion of debt in regional government expenditure. Furthermore, the results of the study show that the existence of fiscal illusions in regional government expenditure has a positive and significant effect on regional economic growth. Keywords: Fiscal illusion detection and economic growth.Keberadaan Ilusi Fiskal dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sulawesi Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keberadaan ilusi fiskal dalam bentuk flypaper effect dan ilusi hutang dalam belanja pemerintah daerah dan menguji pengaruh ilusi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Sulawesi. Jumlah sampel adalah sebanyak 78 berdasarkan kriteria kelengkapan data dan informasi yang terdapat dalam neraca gabungan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis parsial kuadrat terkecil dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3.0 berdasarkan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada ilusi fiskal dalam bentuk flypaper effect dan ilusi hutang pada belanja pemerintah daerah. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan ilusi fiskal pada belanja pemerintah daerah berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Kata kunci: Deteksi ilusi fiskal dan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Temporal Pattern Detection to Predict Adverse Events in Critical Care: Case Study With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Morid Mohammad Amin , Sheng Olivia R Liu , Del Fiol Guilherme , Facelli Julio C , Bray Bruce E , Abdelrahman Samir 
Published: January 2020

Background
More than 20% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) develop an adverse event (AE). No previous study has leveraged patients’ data to extract the temporal features using their structural temporal patterns, that is, trends.

Objective
This study aimed to improve AE prediction methods by using structural temporal pattern detection that captures global and local temporal trends and to demonstrate these improvements in the detection of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care dataset, containing 22,542 patients, we extracted both global and local trends using structural pattern detection methods to predict AKI (ie, binary prediction). Classifiers were built on 17 input features consisting of vital signs and laboratory test results using state-of-the-art models; the optimal classifier was selected for comparisons with previous approaches. The classifier with structural pattern detection features was compared with two baseline classifiers that used different temporal feature extraction approaches commonly used in the literature: (1) symbolic temporal pattern detection, which is the most common approach for multivariate time series classification; and (2) the last recorded value before the prediction point, which is the most common approach to extract temporal data in the AKI prediction literature. Moreover, we assessed the individual contribution of global and local trends. Classifier performance was measured in terms of accuracy (primary outcome), area under the curve, and F-measure. For all experiments, we employed 20-fold cross-validation.

Results
Random forest was the best classifier using structural temporal pattern detection. The accuracy of the classifier with local and global trend features was significantly higher than that while using symbolic temporal pattern detection and the last recorded value (81.3% vs 70.6% vs 58.1%; P<.001). Excluding local or global features reduced the accuracy to 74.4% or 78.1%, respectively (P<.001).

Conclusions
Classifiers using features obtained from structural temporal pattern detection significantly improved the prediction of AKI onset in ICU patients over two baselines based on common previous approaches. The proposed method is a generalizable approach to predict AEs in critical care that may be used to help clinicians intervene in a timely manner to prevent or mitigate AEs.