bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Cellulose Insulating Paper with Low Dielectric Constant by BTCA Esterification Crosslinking
Authors: Mo Yang , Yang Lijun , Hou Wei , Zou Tiantian , Huang Youyu , Liao Ruijin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims to decrease the dielectric constant of kraft paper by 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) esterification crosslinking. Kraft paper samples are treated with various concentrations of BTCA to prepare modified paper with different reaction degrees. Morphology and surface chemical composition are characterized. The dielectric constant and loss of the plain and modified paper are also investigated. Results show that esterification occurs successfully between cellulose molecular chain and BTCA. The intrinsic dielectric constant and loss of 6 g L−1 BTCA‐treated paper decrease by 23.5% and 36.3%, respectively, at 50 Hz. The esterification can reduce the hydroxyl amounts on cellulose. The formed crosslinking network between the cellulose chains restricts the cellulose orientation polarization, thereby reducing cellulose polarizability. The electrical strength, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of the samples are explored to evaluate comprehensively the modifying effect. BTCA esterification crosslinking proves to be a promising method for decreasing the dielectric constant of kraft paper.
Characteristic basis functions enhanced compressive sensing for solving the bistatic scattering problems of three‐dimensional targets
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Gen , Nie Wen‐Yan , Lin Han 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this letter, the characteristic basis functions (CBFs) are utilized to enhance the compressive sensing (CS) technique to analyze the bistatic scattering problems of three‐dimensional targets. The CS technique can efficiently analyze the bistatic scattering problems by establishing an underdetermined linear equation instead of traditional full‐rank dense impedance matrix equation. However, the CS method is limited to two‐dimensional targets. The reason is that the induced currents of the three‐dimensional target expressed by Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson basis functions are not sparse on the commonly sparse basis, since the field source has no orderly distribution when the target is modeled and discretized by commercial software. In order to solve this problem, the CBFs are used in this letter as the sparse basis to improve the sparsity of the induced currents. The numerical results of different targets are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A multiobjective optimization approach for linear quadratic Gaussian/loop transfer recovery design
Authors: Kumar Lalitesh , Kumar Prawendra , Dhillon Sukhwinder Singh 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article bestows the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG)/Loop Transfer Recovery (LTR) optimal controller design for a perturbed linear system having insufficient information about systems states through a multiobjective optimization approach. A Kalman filter observer is required to estimate the unknown states at the output from the noisy data. However, the main downside of the LQG controller's is that its robustness cannot be guaranteed because it consists of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and Kalman observer, and due to observer incorporation within the LQR framework results in loss of robustness which is undesirable. Therefore, it is necessary to recover the robustness by tuning the controller which further plays havoc with system performance and control effort for certain plants. The present work addresses the investigation of the trade‐off between multiobjective indexes (formulated on the basis of robustness, optimal control, and performances) through three multiobjective optimization algorithms as NSGA‐II, multiobjective simulated annealing and multiobjective particle swarm optimization. The tuned parameters meet the competitive multiobjective performance indexes that are verified through simulation results. The Pareto front with multiple solutions helps to design a robust controller depending on the weightage given to the respective performance indexes. Simulation results reveal that the proposed multiobjective control strategy helps in recovering the characteristics of LQG/LTR.
Biocompatible contactless electrically responsive hydrogel‐based force maker
Authors: Shklyar Tatyana F , Orkhey Ekaterina A , Safronov Alexander P , Blyakhman Felix A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a biocompatible contactless gel actuator based on poly(methacrylic acid) with magnesium counterions (MgPMA) that, being placed in sodium chloride solution, is able to generate a high value of active mechanical force in a DC electric field. Force generation of the gel goes simultaneously with its swelling due to the osmotic pressure provided by the ionic exchange in the MgPMA polyelectrolyte matrix induced by the electric current. An increase in the charge density of the polymeric network enhances the mechanical stiffness of the gel, which provides negative feedback to force generation. The extent of such influence depends on the networking density of the gel matrix. As a result, soft MgPMA gels with low networking density show higher level of force generation than dense gels with high networking density. It is shown that cylindrical gel samples ofca8 mm in length andca11 mm in diameter immersed in NaCl solution some distance apart from platinum electrodes are able to exert a force of up to 0.4 N in a DC electric field for a constant length of sample with a rate ofca1.0 mN per second on average.
The hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐minoxidil inclusion complex improves the cardiovascular and proliferative adverse effects of minoxidil in male rats: Implications in the treatment of alopecia
Authors: Maqoud Fatima , Zizzo Nicola , Mele Antonietta , Denora Nunzio , Passantino Giuseppe , Scala Rosa , Cutrignelli Annalisa , Tinelli Antonella , Laquintana Valentino , la Forgia Flavia , Fontana Sergio , Franco Massimo , Lopedota Angela Assunta , Tricarico Domenico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of minoxidil (MXD) ethanolic solutions (1%‐5% w/v) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is limited by adverse reactions. The toxicological effects of repeated topical applications of escalating dose (0.035%‐3.5% w/v) and of single and twice daily doses (3.5% w/v) of a novel hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin MXD GEL formulation (MXD/HP‐β‐CD) and a MXD solution were investigated in male rats. The cardiovascular effects were evaluated by telemetric monitoring of ECG and arterial pressure in free‐moving rats. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiac morphology and function, and histopathological and biochemical analysis of the tissues, were performed. A pharmacovigilance investigation was undertaken using the EudraVigilance database for the evaluation of the potential cancer‐related effects of topical MXD. Following the application of repeated escalating doses of MXD solution, cardiac hypertrophy, hypotension, enhanced serum natriuretic peptides and K+‐ion levels, serum liver biomarkers, and histological lesions including renal cancer were observed. In addition, the administration of a twice daily dose of MXD solution, at SF rat vs human = 311, caused reductions in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure of the rats (−30.76 ± 3%, −28.84 ± 4%, and −30.66 ± 5%, respectively, vs the baseline; t test P < .05). These effects were not reversible following washout of the MXD solution. Retrospective investigation showed 32 cases of cancer associated with the use of topical MXD in humans. The rats treated with MXD HP‐β‐CD were less severely affected. MXD causes proliferative adverse effects. The MXD HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex reduces these adverse effects.
Simple Chemical Modification Using Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Stable Nitrile N‐Oxide on Bulk Surface via Catalyst‐Free Click Reaction
Authors: Wang Chen‐Gang , Cheawchan Sumitra , Qiagedeer Airong , Monjiyama Shunsuke , Uchida Satoshi , Koyama Yasuhito , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFluorinated surfaces show favorable physical properties for material applications. However, fluorination processes of bulk surfaces using conventional reagents require skilled techniques and special equipment. Herein, we demonstrate highly efficient surface modification using a new fluorination tool, perfluoroalkyl‐substituted stable nitrile N‐oxide. The nitrile N‐oxide is successfully synthesized in one‐pot by exploiting 1,1‐diphenylnitroethene as the precursor of nitrile N‐oxide. The nitrile N‐oxide exhibits not only high reactivity but also thermal stability, which enables the simple chemical modification of allyl group‐modified rigid surfaces without catalysts or byproducts. The surface is analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, providing clear evidence that the perfluoroalkyl groups are densely integrated on the bulk surface as a result of the efficient covalent bond formation.
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Zinc(II) Ions Based on a 1,2,3‐Triazolyl‐Functionalized 2,2’‐Dipicolylamine (DPA)
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Ahmad Tauqir , Haroon Muhammad , Ullah Nisar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a new triazolyl‐DPA (TAZDPA) based Zn2+ fluorescent sensor is reported. The structural architect of TAZDPA contains 2,2’‐dipicolylamine (DPA) and 1,2,3‐triazolyl moiety as chelators, which synergistically coordinate with Zn2+, resulting in dramatic fluorescent emission enhancement and a notable bathochromic shift due to the inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Solution state structural characterization and molecular modeling of TAZDPA suggest that N3 of 1,2,3‐triazolyl moiety and DPA coordinate with Zn2+ to afford five‐membered coordination ring. The binding behavior and stoichiometry of the TAZDPA/Zn2+complex was studied by Job's plot, which suggested 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The nature of binding behavior of TAZDPA with Zn2+ was validated by 1H‐NMR that revealed a distinct downfield shift of DPA and triazolyl protons. Under physiological condition, TAZDPA displayed high selectivity for Zn2+ over a wide range of competing common cations, exhibiting ultra‐sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.3×101 nM. This implies that TAZDPA can detect chronic Zn2+ concentration for freshwater (>1.84 μM) denoted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
A Study of the Effects of the Lewis Acid Catalysts on Oxa‐Diels‐Alder Reactions through Molecular Electron Density Theory
Authors: Emamian Saeedreza , Domingo Luis R. , Javad Hosseini Seyed , Ali‐Asgari Safa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of the Lewis acid (LA) AlCl3catalyst on the oxa‐Diels‐Alder (ODA) reaction of 2‐aryl‐butadiene1toward benzaldehyde2have been studied within the molecular electron density theory at the M06‐2X/6‐311G(d,p) computational level. Coordination of the LA AlCl3to the carbonyl oxygen of benzaldehyde2not only considerably accelerates the reaction, but also facilitates the ODA reaction along a high polar two‐step mechanism. The complete regioselectivity andendo‐stereoselectivity experimentally observed are explained through Parr functions, respectively, non‐covalent interactions analyses. Electron localization function topological analysis along the most favorablemeta/endoreaction path permits characterizing the C‐C and C‐O single bond formation along this two‐step mechanism.
Signature quality attributes of CD146+ mesenchymal stem/stromal cells correlate with high therapeutic and secretory potency
Authors: Bowles Annie C. , Kouroupis Dimitrios , Willman Melissa A. , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Agarwal Ashutosh , Correa Diego 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
CD146+ bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play key roles in the perivascular niche, skeletogenesis, and hematopoietic support; however, comprehensive evaluation of therapeutic potency has yet to be determined. In this study, in vitro inflammatory priming to crude human BM-MSCs (n = 8) captured a baseline of signature responses, including enriched CD146+ with coexpression of CD107aHigh, CXCR4High, and LepRHigh, transcriptional profile, enhanced secretory capacity, and robust immunomodulatory secretome and function, including immunopotency assays (IPAs) with stimulated immune cells. These signatures were significantly more pronounced in CD146+ (POS)-sorted subpopulation than in the CD146− (NEG). Mechanistically, POS BM-MSCs showed a markedly higher secretory capacity with significantly greater immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory protein production upon inflammatory priming compared with the NEG BM-MSCs. Moreover, IPAs with stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes demonstrated robust immunosuppression mediated by POS BM-MSC while inducing significant frequencies of regulatory T cells. in vivo evidence showed that POS BM-MSC treatment promoted pronounced M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, ameliorating inflammation/fibrosis of knee synovium and fat pad, unlike treatment with NEG BM-MSCs. These data correlate the expression of CD146 with innately higher immunomodulatory and secretory capacity, and thus therapeutic potency. This high-content, reproducible evidence suggests that the CD146+ (POS) MSC subpopulation are the mediators of the beneficial effects achieved using crude BM-MSCs, leading to translational implications for improving cell therapy and manufacturing.
Mindestmengen in der chirurgischen Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Robold Tobias , Ried Michael , Neu Reiner , Hofmann Hans-Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen der aktuellen Diskussion des G‑BA zur Einführung neuer Mindestmengenregelungen (MMR) in Deutschland untersucht die vorliegende Studie das Meinungsbild aktiver Thoraxchirurgen zu Mindestmengen (MM) bei der operativen Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms.

Methoden
Die Auswahl der thoraxchirurgischen Zentren für die Onlinebefragung erfolgte auf Basis des Krankenhausverzeichnisses 2017 (Bundesamt für Statistik), der Lungenkrebszentren (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft), der zertifizierten Kompetenzzentren Thoraxchirurgie (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie), der Kliniken mit thoraxchirurgischem Schwerpunkt und der deutschen Universitätskliniken. Abgefragt wurde der potenzielle Einfluss einer MMR auf die Ergebnisqualität, Versorgungsqualität, ökonomische Aspekte und auf die Versorgungsstruktur. Des Weiteren wurde eine Empfehlung für eine MM gefordert und aktuelle Ausnahmeregelungen bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 145 Kliniken (Rücklaufquote 85 %) mit 454 Thoraxchirurgen (Rücklaufquote 54 %) kontaktiert. Bei hoher Akzeptanz von MM zur Verbesserung der Ergebnisqualität erwarten 78,4 % der befragten Operateure eine Zentralisierung der chirurgischen Versorgung, welche jedoch nach Aussage von 70,1  % zu keiner Verschlechterung der Versorgung von Lungenkrebspatienten führen würde. Etwa 46,1 % der Teilnehmer rechnen mit einer ökonomischeren Versorgung und 83,3 % sprachen sich für die Einführung einer MMR mit einer durchschnittlichen MM von 67 anatomischen Lungenresektionen pro Jahr und pro Zentrum aus.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine MMR zur chirurgischen Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms findet unter aktiven Thoraxchirurgen eine hohe Akzeptanz. Die geforderte MM (n = 67) liegt etwas unter der Vorgabe für chirurgische Primärfälle eines zertifizierten Lungenkrebszentrums.
Microglial-specific depletion of TAK1 is neuroprotective in the acute phase after ischemic stroke
Authors: Zeyen Thomas , Noristani Rozina , Habib Shahin , Heinisch Ole , Slowik Alexander , Huber Michael , Schulz Jörg B. , Reich Arno , Habib Pardes 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is upregulated after cerebral ischemia and contributes to an aggravation of brain injury. TAK1 acts as a key regulator of NF-ΚB and the MAP kinases JNK and p38 and modulates post-ischemic neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Microglia are the main TAK1-expressing immunocompetent cells of the brain. However, little is known about the function and regulation of microglial TAK1 after cerebral ischemia. Tamoxifen-dependent conditional depletion of TAK1 in microglial cells was induced in Cx3cr1creER-Tak1fl/fl mice. The creER-negative Tak1fl/fl mice and vehicle-treated (corn oil) mice served as control groups. A transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion of 30 min followed by 6 h and 72 h of reperfusion was performed in male mice. Oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) was performed with primary cortical glial cell cultures to examine the effect of microglial-specific and general (5Z-7-Oxozeaenol) TAK1 inhibition after different reperfusion times (1 h, 6 h, and 72 h). Cx3cr1creER-Tak1fl/fl mice showed reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological outcomes compared to the control group. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory Il1b/IL-1β and Tnf/TNF-α in the peri-infarct zones of microglial-specific TAK1-depleted mice were significantly reduced. Furthermore, TAK1 depletion in vitro led to reduced cell death rates after OGD. Moreover, hypoxia-mediated activation of TAK1 and its downstream signalling proteins, JNK and p38, were dampened by microglial TAK1 depletion. In contrast, 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol-induced pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 completely diminished MAPK-signalling including the kinases JNK and p38 in all cells. Microglial TAK1 depletion abrogates post-ischemic neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the acute phase, hence might be considered as a potential target in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia.

Key messages

TAK1 is activated after cerebral ischemia and induces MAP kinases p38 and JNK.

Activated TAK1 increases apoptosis rate and the level pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.

Microglial cells seem to be the main source of TAK1-mediated post-ischemic neuroinflammation.

Microglial-specific TAK1-depletion mediates sustainable neuroprotective effects, which might be superior to global TAK1 inhibition.
From tolerance allocation to tolerance-cost optimization: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Hallmann Martin , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that the allocation of part tolerances is a highly responsible task due to the complex repercussions on both product quality and cost. As a consequence, since its beginnings in the 1960s, least-cost tolerance allocation using optimization techniques, i.e. tolerance-cost optimization, was continuously in focus of numerous research activities. Nowadays, increasing cost and quality pressure, availability of real manufacturing data driven by Industry 4.0 technologies, and rising computational power result in a continuously growing interest in tolerance-cost optimization in both research and industry. However, inconsistent terminology and the lack of a classification of the various relevant aspects is an obstacle for the application of tolerance-cost optimization approaches. There is no literature comprehensively and clearly summarizing the current state of the art and illustrating the relevant key aspects. Motivated to overcome this drawback, this article provides a comprehensive as well as detailed overview of the broad research field in tolerance-cost optimization for both beginners and experts. To facilitate the first steps for readers who are less familiar with the topic, the paper initially outlines the fundamentals of tolerance-cost optimization including its basic idea, elementary terminology and mathematical formulation. These fundamentals serve as a basis for a subsequent detailed discussion of the key elements with focus on the different characteristics concerning the optimization problem, tolerance-cost model, technical system model and the tolerance analysis model. These aspects are gathered and summarized in a structured mind map, which equips the reader with a comprehensive graphical overview of all the various facets and aspects of tolerance-cost optimization. Beside this, the paper gives a retrospect of the past fifty years of research in tolerance cost-optimization, considering 290 relevant publications. Based thereon, current issues and future research needs in tolerance-cost optimization were identified.
Fungal RNA editing: who, when, and why?
Authors: Teichert Ines 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
RNA editing occurs in all kingdoms of life and in various RNA species. The editing of nuclear protein-coding transcripts has long been known in metazoans, but was only recently detected in fungi. In contrast to many metazoan species, fungal editing sites occur mostly in coding regions, and therefore, fungal editing can change protein sequences and lead to modified or new functions of proteins. Indeed, mRNA editing is thought to be generally adaptive on fungi. Although RNA editing has been detected in both, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, there seem to be considerable differences between these two classes of fungi concerning the types, the timing, and the purpose of editing. This review summarizes the characteristics of RNA editing in fungi and compares them to metazoan species and bacteria. In particular, it will review cellular processes affected by editing and speculate on the purpose of editing for fungal biology with a focus on the filamentous ascomycetes.

Key Points
• Fungi show various types of mRNA editing in nuclear transcripts.
• Fungal editing leads to proteome diversification.
• Filamentous ascomycetes may require editing for sexual sporulation.
• Wood-degrading basidiomycetes may use editing for adaptation to different substrates.
The cost-effectiveness of digital breast tomosynthesis in a population breast cancer screening program
Authors: Wang Jing , Phi Xuan-Anh , Greuter Marcel J. W. , Daszczuk Alicja M. , Feenstra Talitha L. , Pijnappel Ruud M. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Buls Nico , Houssami Nehmat , Lu Wenli , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate at which sensitivity digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) would become cost-effective compared to digital mammography (DM) in a population breast cancer screening program, given a constant estimate of specificity.

Methods
In a microsimulation model, the cost-effectiveness of biennial screening for women aged 50–75 was simulated for three scenarios: DBT for women with dense breasts and DM for women with fatty breasts (scenario 1), DBT for the whole population (scenario 2) or maintaining DM screening (reference). For DM, sensitivity was varied depending on breast density from 65 to 87%, and for DBT from 65 to 100%. The specificity was set at 96.5% for both DM and DBT. Direct medical costs were considered, including screening, biopsy and treatment costs. Scenarios were considered to be cost-effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was below €20,000 per life year gain (LYG).

Results
For both scenarios, the ICER was more favourable at increasing DBT sensitivity. Compared with DM screening, 0.8–10.2% more LYGs were found when DBT sensitivity was at least 75% for scenario 1, and 4.7–18.7% when DBT sensitivity was at least 80% for scenario 2. At €96 per DBT, scenario 1 was cost-effective at a DBT sensitivity of at least 90%, and at least 95% for scenario 2. At €80 per DBT, these values decreased to 80% and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion
DBT is more likely to be a cost-effective alternative to mammography in women with dense breasts. Whether DBT could be cost-effective in a general population highly depends on DBT costs.

Key Points
• DBT could be a cost-effective screening modality for women with dense breasts when its sensitivity is at least 90% at a maximum cost per screen of €96.
• DBT has the potential to be cost-effective for screening all women when sensitivity is at least 90% at a maximum cost per screen of €80.
• Whether DBT could be used as an alternative to mammography for screening all women is highly dependent on the cost of DBT per screen.