bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Ideation among Youths at Risk of School Dropout: Impact of Student Demographics, Stressors, and Academic Self-Concept
Authors: Szlyk Hannah S 
Published: September 2020

abstract
In the United States, suicidal ideation is an issue for high school–age youths. Research supports that youths who have learning difficulties and who are at risk of high school dropout are at greater risk for suicidal ideation. Although alternative high schools address both student academics and emotional health, they are underused, nonclinical settings for understanding and addressing suicidal ideation. This study aimed to examine the impact of student identity, external stressors, and academic self-concept on suicidal ideation among sexual and ethnic minority and underserved students enrolled in an alternative education public high school. The student sample (N = 103) completed a onetime survey comprised of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior, the Cultural Assessment of Risk of Suicide, the Coddington Life Events Scale for Adolescents, and the Piers Harris 2. Results of hierarchical linear regression indicated that identifying as nonheterosexual and experiencing discrimination were associated with greater student reporting of suicidal ideation. Identifying as Latino and other non-White was associated with lower reporting of suicidal ideation. Controlling for student demographics and external stressors, positive academic self-concept was associated with a lower reporting of suicidal ideation. Findings have future implications for health social work, suicide prevention and intervention, and education policy.
What is sexual about conflict-related sexual violence? Stories from men and women survivors
Authors: Dolan Chris , Baaz Maria Eriksson , Stern Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite the prominent attention that the problem of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has recently garnered globally, we still know far too little about what is sexual about sexual violence, according to whom, as well as why and how this matters in our efforts to prevent and redress its harms. A growing theoretical, political, legal and ethical imperative to ask questions about the sexual part of sexual violence across both war and peace is nonetheless emerging. This article therefore turns to the accounts of male and female survivors of CRSV at the at the Refugee Law Project (RLP) in Kampala, Uganda. In our reading of their accounts, we explore how the participants understand the possible imbrication of the perpetrator's sexual desire and pleasure with the violence they inflicted, as well as how they deem such intermeshing impossible or deeply problematic in and to the gendered frames that govern how they think about the distinctions between violence and sex, as well as themselves as sexual, social, embodied subjects. Read together, these conflicted and conflicting testimonies offer a vantage point from which to rethink some of the reductive truisms that persist in dominant policy-friendly accounts of wartime sexual violence—namely that such violence is about power and not about ‘sex’. The participants’ accounts thus urge us, as scholars and policy advocates, to resist reducing the multi-layered experiences of victim/survivors of sexual violence to fit into the palatable narratives of victimhood that prevail in humanitarian, juridical and policy spaces.
Sexual violence in the border zone: the EU, the Women, Peace and Security agenda and carceral humanitarianism in Libya
Authors: Kirby Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The last decades have seen a striking increase in international policy seeking to protect against conflict-related sexual violence. Norms of protection are, however, unevenly applied in practice. In this article, I address one such situation: the significant and growing evidence of widespread sexual violence at detention sites in Libya where migrants are imprisoned after interception on the Mediterranean Sea. Drawing on policy documents, human rights reports, interviews with advocates and officials, and an analysis of debates in the EU Parliament and UNHCR's humanitarian evacuation scheme in Libya, I examine how abuses have been framed, and with what effects. I argue that decisions about protection are shaped not only by raced and gendered categorizations but also by a demarcation of bodies in the border zone, where vulnerability is to some degree acknowledged, but agency and responsibility also disavowed by politicians, diplomats and practitioners. The wrong of sexual violence is thus both explicitly recognized but also re-articulated in ways that lessen the obligations of the same states and regional organizations that otherwise champion the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The combination of mass pullback and detention for many migrants with evacuation for a vulnerable few is an example of carceral humanitarianism, where ‘rescue’ often translates into confinement and abuse for unwelcome populations. My analysis highlights the importance of the positionality of migrants in the Libyan border zone for the form of recognition they are afforded, and the significant limits to the implementation of the EU's gender-responsive humanitarian policies in practice.
Vector Fields and Genus in Dimension 3
Authors: Dehornoy Pierre , Rechtman Ana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Given a vector field on a 3D rational homology sphere, we give a formula for the Euler characteristic of its transverse surfaces, in terms of boundary data only. This provides a formula for the genus of a transverse surface, and in particular, of a Birkhoff section. As an application, we show that for a right-handed flow with an ergodic invariant measure, the genus is an asymptotic invariant of order 2 proportional to helicity.
Biodiversity Offsetting and the English Planning System: A Regulatory Analysis
Authors: Condon John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Under the Environment Bill, the UK government plans to formally implement biodiversity offsetting in the English planning system as a way to reduce the impact of development on biodiversity. Certain developments will be required to achieve a ‘biodiversity gain’ through the use of developer contributions. This article provides a regulatory analysis, assessing whether the planning system supports the key requirements of biodiversity offsetting, most notably the need to protect biodiversity. The lens of contractual governance is used to spotlight problems with local planning authorities negotiating environmental objectives with developers when other planning objectives are also ‘on the table’. The wider planning system is also addressed, where it is argued that environmental objectives are undermined by a lack of central policy and coordination to regulate the decision-making of local planning authorities. The case is made for an ‘ecological’ approach to planning as means of more reliably protecting biodiversity through offsetting.
A spontaneous unveiling of bilateral DCIS in an elderly male
Authors: Meyer Tessa , Borgen Patrick , Rojas Kristen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rarity of male breast cancer continues to limit its study despite increasing incidence rates, particularly within the past decade [Speirs V, Shaaban AM. The rising incidence of male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;115:429–30]. Although this trend appears to be substantially documented, male patients with breast cancer have been and continue to be excluded from landmark breast cancer trials. Currently, there are no standardized breast cancer screening protocols in place for men, including those with pathogenic BRCA mutations. As a result, men with breast cancer typically present at a later stage, and on average, 8–10 years later than females [Ruddy KJ, Winer EP. Male breast cancer: risk factors, biology, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Ann Oncol 2013;24:1434–43]. As the incidence of disease continues to rise, the need for algorithmic standardization with regards to screening, diagnosing, treating and managing male breast cancer has become imperative. We report the case of a 71-year-old male who presented with spontaneous bloody nipple discharge and was found to have bilateral ductal carcinoma in situ.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in refugees from Syria: complex cases in Berlin 2015–2020
Authors: Lindner Andreas K , Richter Joachim , Gertler Maximilian , Nikolaus Marc , Equihua Martinez Gabriela , Müller Kirsten , Harms Gundel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The Syrian conflict has led to a dramatic increase of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), triggered by continuous population displacements, disrupted control programmes, poor shelter and sanitation.

Methods
A retrospective patient record study was conducted at the Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health in Berlin. Records of all refugees from Syria treated for CL between January 2015 and March 2020 were reviewed.

Results
Twenty refugees from Syria were treated. Seventeen refugees (85%) had complex lesions, mainly due to previous therapy failure or localization on the face. A long disease duration (50% &gt; 1 year), pronounced facial scarring (20%), recurrences (20%), or worsening of existing lesions (20%) were observed. Nine patients (45%) had been pretreated in Syria. Complete remission was achieved in 10 of 16 patients (63%) treated with perilesional antimony. Eight patients (40%) required systemic treatment, thereof four (20%) repeated systemic treatment. Eight patients (40%) reported a delay of therapy ≥3 months in Germany, thereof one patient with a delay of 12 months and one patient with a delay of 32 months.

Conclusion
Between 2015 and 2020, Syrian refugees presented with severe morbidities of CL frequently requiring systemic and even consecutive systemic treatments. We assume a combination of socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with the ongoing Syrian conflict and migration to be responsible for the complex clinical presentations in this case series. More attention should be drawn to the situation of Syrian refugees with CL in countries where they are displaced to.
Herbrand Proofs and Expansion Proofs as Decomposed Proofs
Authors: Ralph Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The reduction of undecidable first-order logic to decidable propositional logic via Herbrand’s theorem has long been of interest to theoretical computer science, with the notion of a Herbrand proof motivating the definition of expansion proofs. In this paper we construct simple deep inference systems for first-order logic, both with and without cut, such that ‘decomposed’ proofs—proofs where the contractive and non-contractive behaviour of the proof is separated—in each system correspond to either expansion proofs or Herbrand proofs. Translations between proofs in this system, expansion proofs and Herbrand proofs are given, retaining much of the structure in each direction.
Theoretical clues about dust accumulation and galaxy obscuration at high and low redshift
Authors: Barbosa-Santos Jullian H , Lima Neto Gastão B , Friaça Amancio C S 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Since the epoch of cosmic star formation peaks at z ∼ 2, most of it is obscured in high-mass galaxies, while in low-mass galaxies, the radiation escapes unobstructed. During the reionization epoch, the presence of evolved, dust obscured galaxies are a challenge to galaxy formation and evolution models. By means of a chemodynamical evolution model, we investigate the star formation and dust production required to build up the bulk of dust in galaxies with initial baryonic mass ranging from 7.5 × 107 to 2.0 × 1012 M⊙. The star formation efficiency was also chosen to represent the star formation rate (SFR) from irregular dwarf to giant elliptical galaxies. We adopted a dust coagulation efficiency from Dwek (Case A) as well as a lower efficiency one (Case B), about five times smaller than Case A. All possible combination of these parameters was computed, summing 40 different scenarios. We find that in high stellar formation systems, the dust accretion in interstellar medium rules over stellar production before the star formation peak, making these systems almost insensible to dust coagulation efficiency. In low star formation systems, the difference between Case A and B lasts longer, mainly in small galaxies. Thus, small irregular galaxies should be the best place to discriminate different dust sources. In our observational sample, taken from the literature, the dust-to-gas ratio tends to be more spread only than dust mass, for both stellar mass and SFR. The dust-to-gas versus dust-to-star diagram is a good tracer for both galaxy and dust evolution, due to the link between gas, star, dust, and SFR. However, the model do not constrain simultaneously all this quantities. The new generation facilities (such as James Webb Space Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, GMT, and SPICA) will be indispensable to constrain dust formation across the cosmic time.
Deformed crystals and torsional oscillations of neutron star crust
Authors: Kozhberov A A , Yakovlev D G 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study breaking stress of deformed Coulomb crystals in a neutron star crust, taking into account electron plasma screening of ion–ion interaction; calculated breaking stress is fitted as a function of electron screening parameter. We apply the results for analysing torsional oscillation modes in the crust of a non-magnetic star. We present exact analytical expression for the fundamental frequencies of such oscillations and show that the frequencies of all torsional oscillations are insensitive to the presence of the outer neutron star crust. The results can be useful in theoretical modelling of processes involving deformed Coulomb crystals in the crust of neutron stars, such as magnetic field evolution, torsional crustal, or magneto-elastic quasi-periodic oscillations of flaring soft gamma-ray repeaters, pulsar glitches. The applicability of the results to soft gamma-ray repeaters is discussed.
Treatment and long-term outcome in primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Lopez-Garcia Sergio C , Downie Mallory L , Kim Ji Soo , Boyer Olivia , Walsh Stephen B , Nijenhuis Tom , Papizh Svetlana , Yadav Pallavi , Reynolds Ben C , Decramer Stéphane , Besouw Martine , Perelló Carrascosa Manel , La Scola Claudio , Trepiccione Francesco , Ariceta Gema , Hummel Aurélie , Dossier Claire , Sayer John A , Konrad Martin , Keijzer-Veen Mandy G , Awan Atif , Basu Biswanath , Chauveau Dominique , Madariaga Leire , Koster-Kamphuis Linda , Furlano Mónica , Zacchia Miriam , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Tse Yincent , Dursun Ismail , Pinarbasi Ayse Seda , Tramma Despoina , Hoorn Ewout J , Gokce Ibrahim , Nicholls Kathleen , Eid Loai A , Sartz Lisa , Riordan Michael , Hooman Nakysa , Printza Nikoleta , Bonny Olivier , Arango Sancho Pedro , Schild Raphael , Sinha Rajiv , Guarino Stefano , Martinez Jimenez Victor , Rodríguez Peña Lidia , Belge Hendrica , Devuyst Olivier , Wlodkowski Tanja , Emma Francesco , Levtchenko Elena , Knoers Nine V A M , Bichet Daniel G , Schaefer Franz , Kleta Robert ,   European NDI Consortium, Wasilewska Anna , Longo Germana , Espinosa Laura , Miglinas Marius , Stroescu Ramona , Huseynova Shafa , Stabouli Stella , Sathyanarayana Vijaya , Andronesi Andreea G , Hahn Deirdre , Sharma Deepak , Petrosyan Edita , Frangou Eleni , Mohebbi Nilufar , Dinçel Nida Temizkan , Braconnier Philippe , Gilbert Rodney D , Sambo Adamu , Tasic Velibor , Henne Thomas , Bockenhauer Detlef 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disorder and little is known about treatment practices and long-term outcome.

Methods
Paediatric and adult nephrologists contacted through European professional organizations entered data in an online form.

Results
Data were collected on 315 patients (22 countries, male 84%, adults 35%). Mutation testing had been performed in 270 (86%); pathogenic variants were identified in 258 (96%). The median (range) age at diagnosis was 0.6 (0.0–60) years and at last follow-up 14.0 (0.1–70) years. In adults, height was normal with a mean (standard deviation) score of −0.39 (±1.0), yet there was increased prevalence of obesity (body mass index &gt;30 kg/m2; 41% versus 16% European average; P &lt; 0.001). There was also increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage ≥2 in children (32%) and adults (48%). Evidence of flow uropathy was present in 38%. A higher proportion of children than adults (85% versus 54%; P &lt; 0.001) received medications to reduce urine output. Patients ≥25 years were less likely to have a university degree than the European average (21% versus 35%; P = 0.003) but full-time employment was similar. Mental health problems, predominantly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (16%), were reported in 36% of patients.

Conclusion
This large NDI cohort shows an overall favourable outcome with normal adult height and only mild to moderate CKD in most. Yet, while full-time employment was similar to the European average, educational achievement was lower, and more than half had urological and/or mental health problems.
The Misuse of the Precautionary Principle in Justifying Australia’s Ban on the Sale of Nicotine Vaping Products
Authors: Morphett Kylie , Hall Wayne , Gartner Coral 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Australia, the precautionary principle has been used to justify an effective sales ban on nicotine vaping products (NVPs) by requiring all NVPs to be approved as medicines. Australia’s policy is out of step with other English-speaking countries, which allow the sale of NVPs as consumer products. We provide a brief history of the precautionary principle, discuss guidelines on how it should be used, and examine key documents from Australian policy debates to describe how the precautionary principle has been misapplied in justifying Australian NVP policy. We argue that the precautionary principle has been inappropriately applied to NVP regulation in Australia in that it has: failed to consider the regulation of similar products, imposed regulations that are disproportionate to the level of risk, failed to assess the costs of its regulatory approach, and failed to undertake a cost/benefit analysis of a range of available regulatory options. Australian policy illustrates the risks of regulating nicotine products in isolation rather than considering NVPs as falling on a continuum of harmful nicotine products.Implications: The precautionary principle has been misapplied to NVP regulation in Australia. We recommend that the precautionary principle be used in a way that regulates nicotine products in proportion to their risks.
Excess Mortality and Life-Years Lost in People With Schizophrenia and Other Non-affective Psychoses: An 11-Year Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yung Nicholas Chak Lam , Wong Corine Sau Man , Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Chen Eric Yu Hai , Chang Wing Chung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Psychotic disorders are associated with premature mortality, but research was primarily based on Western countries and rarely examined non-affective psychoses other than schizophrenia (ONAP). This population-based cohort study investigated excess mortality in 46 896 schizophrenia and 20 651 ONAP patients between January 2006 and December 2016 in Hong Kong (HK), by estimating all-cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and life-years lost (LYLs), a recently developed, more precise reduced life expectancy measure taking into account the illness onset (age at first-recorded diagnosis). Changes in mortality metrics over the study period were assessed. Study data were retrieved from a territory-wide medical-record database of public healthcare services to 7.5 million HK residents. Results showed that schizophrenia and ONAP patients had higher all-cause (schizophrenia: SMR: 2.49 [95% CI: 2.43–2.55]; ONAP: 2.00 [1.92–2.09]), natural-cause (1.80 [1.74–1.85]; 1.47 [1.40–1.54]), and unnatural-cause (6.97 [6.47–7.49]; 8.53 [7.61–9.52]) mortality rates than general population. Respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers accounted for the majority of deaths in patient cohorts. Men and women with schizophrenia had 9.53 years and 8.07 years of excess LYLs, respectively. For ONAP, excess LYLs was 8.18 years for men and 5.44 years for women. The overall mortality gap remained similar for both patient groups over time despite their improved longevity and declined unnatural-cause mortality rates. Taken together, schizophrenia and ONAP are associated with increased premature mortality and substantially reduced lifespan in a predominantly Chinese population, with excess deaths mainly attributed to a natural cause. Persistent mortality gap highlights an urgent need for targeted interventions to improve the physical health of patients with psychotic disorders.
Intensive Multicomponent Fibromyalgia Treatment
Authors: Bruce Barbara K. , Allman Madeleine E. , Rivera Fernando A. , Wang Benjamin , Berianu Florentina , Butendieck Ronald R. , Calamia Kenneth T. , Hines Stephanie L. , Rummans Teresa A. , Niazi Shehzad K. , Abril Andy 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The current study was designed to evaluate the translation of clinical trial outcomes and clinical guidelines for the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM) into an intensive multicomponent clinical program embedded in routine care delivery. The study aimed to assess the adaptation of these recommended strategies into routine clinical care while evaluating their effectiveness and durability in improving functional status and level of distress in a large clinical sample of FM patients.

Methods
Four hundred eighty-nine patients with FM completed a 2-day program that incorporated best practice recommendations for the treatment of FM. Patients completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire–Revised, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale at admission to the program and at follow-up on average 5 months posttreatment.

Results
Significant improvements were seen in functional status (p < 0.0001), depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001), and pain catastrophizing (p < 0.0001) after participation in the intensive multicomponent treatment program.

Conclusions
The present study shows that an intensive multicomponent treatment program embedded in routine care delivery is effective in significantly improving functional status and psychological distress in a large sample of FM patients. The significant improvements were durable and maintained at follow-up.
Genome-wide analysis identifies significant contribution of brain-expressed genes in chronic, but not acute, back pain
Authors: Bortsov Andrey V. , Parisien Marc , Khoury Samar , Zaykin Dmitri V. , Martinsen Amy E , Lie Marie Udnesseter , Heuch Ingrid ,   HUNT All-In Pain, Hveem Kristian , Zwart John-Anker , Winsvold Bendik S , Diatchenko Luda 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBack pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although most cases of back pain are acute, 20% of people with acute back pain go on to experience chronic back pain symptoms. It is unclear if acute and chronic pain states have similar or distinct underlying genetic mechanisms. Here we performed a genome-wide analysis for acute and chronic back pain in 375,158 individuals and found a significant genetic contribution to chronic, but not to acute, back pain. Using the UK Biobank cohort for discovery and the HUNT cohort for replication, we identified 7 loci for chronic back pain, of which 3 are novel. Pathway analyses, tissue-specific heritability enrichment analyses, epigenetic characterization, and tissue-specific transcriptome mapping in mouse pain models suggest a substantial genetic contribution to chronic, but not acute, back pain from the loci predominantly expressed in the central nervous system. Our findings show that chronic back pain is more heritable than acute back pain and is driven mostly by genes expressed in the central nervous system.