bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoassisted Electroforming Method for Reliable Low‐Power Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Memristors
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Wentong , Sun Shaowu , Xu Haiyang , Zhou Peng , Xu Jiaqi , Lin Ya , Liu Yichun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite memristors with high resistive‐switching (RS) reliability and low power consumption are crucial for high‐density storage and high‐efficiency neuromorphic computing. However, the current overshoot in the electroforming process generally induces overgrowth of conductive filaments (CFs) and degrades the RS performance. Here, a simple photo‐assisted electroforming (PAE) method to suppress the current overshoot, in which the visible light irradiation is introduced into the initial electroforming process, is proposed for the first time. As a result, a reliable memristor with reduced RS fluctuation and enhanced cycling endurance is obtained, and also, the low operating current of 0.06 mA and low powerconsumption of 0.12 mW are achieved, which are about one order of magnitude lower than those of most reported hybrid perovskite‐based memristors. Further experimental evidence indicates that light irradiation plays dual roles: 1) the light‐induced lowering of iodide migration barrier leads to a significant reduction of overshoot current and forming voltage; 2) the enhanced local photoconductivity of the perovskite film shares the overshoot current through the CFs. Both factors limit the total quantity of vacancy defects generated in the electroforming process, thus preventing undesirable overgrowth of the CFs. The present PAE strategy has promise for developing high‐performance memristors.
Films Stoichiometry Effects on the Electronic Transport Properties of Solution‐Processed Yttrium Doped Indium–Zinc Oxide Crystalline Semiconductors for Thin Film Transistor Applications
Authors: Afouxenidis Dimitrios , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Milne William I. , Nathan Arokia , Adamopoulos George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpray‐coated crystalline InZnOx‐based semiconductors are investigated as a function of [In3+]:[Zn2+] and their performance as TFTs semiconducting channels. More precisely, it is demonstrated that optical, structural, and electron transport properties show a high degree of sensitivity to the films' stoichiometry; that is, the [In3+]:[Zn2+] atomic ratio that equally determines the amorphous or crystalline structure of the film. Yttrium co‐doping of InZnOx with [In3+]:[Zn2+] atomic ratio of 6:4 shows that the YInZnOx structure and the key TFT parameters can further be engineered and improved in terms of the on‐to‐off current modulation ratio and, most importantly, the field effect mobility. It is finally demonstrated that the latter is in excess of 52 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 by combining crystalline YInZnOx and spray‐coated MgO dielectrics. These results identify spray‐coated crystalline YInZnOx as a viable TFT semiconducting channel material with respect to enhanced electrical performance and processing requirements in terms of simplicity and cost.
Programmable Spin–Orbit‐Torque Logic Device with Integrated Bipolar Bias Field for Chirality Control
Authors: Lim Gerard Joseph , Chua Daniel , Gan Weiliang , Murapaka Chandrasekhar , Lew Wen Siang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDriven by the need to address both the von Neumann bottleneck and scaling limits predicted by Moore's law, spintronic devices have been shown to be strong contenders for logic‐in‐memory applications. While several field‐free spin–orbit torque (SOT)‐driven logic devices have been proposed, their operation typically requires additional initialization or reset pulses, the exchange‐coupled canted spins reduce both anomalous Hall sign‐to‐noise ratio as well as thermal stability of the ferromagnetic layer, and device‐to‐device variation in exchange coupling strength is expected. A reconfigurable SOT‐driven logic device using a double Hall cross structure with an integrated bias field line for the generation of a local bias field is experimentally demonstrated. The on‐chip bipolar bias field can be toggled to flip the SOT‐induced switching chirality, and to assist with deterministic SOT magnetization switching, thereby enabling on‐the‐fly reconfigurability of the logic device to function as one of the several possible logic gates, e.g., AND, NOR, XNOR, XOR, NIMP, and converse NIMP. It is then shown through compact‐modeling and circuit simulation that the applications of such reconfigurable logic devices can be further expanded to build half‐adders.
Indium–Gallium–Zinc Oxide Schottky Diodes Operating across the Glass Transition of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers
Authors: Guerrero Edgar , Polednik Alexander , Ecker Melanie , Joshi‐Imre Alexandra , Choi Wooyeol , Gutierrez‐Heredia Gerardo , Voit Walter E. , Maeng Jimin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImplementing stable electronic components on smart, soft materials can facilitate increasingly complex functionality in body‐worn and implanted devices for biomedical applications. The fabrication and characterization of indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based Schottky diodes on a thiol–ene/acrylate shape memory polymer (SMP) that softens in response to physiological stimuli, including temperature and moisture, are presented. A platinum–IGZO Schottky junction is formed on the softening polymer assisted by ultraviolet‐ozone (UV‐O3) surface treatment. The effects of the UV‐O3 treatment conditions on the Schottky barrier properties are examined. The diode operation is evaluated in dry and wet conditions with varying temperatures up to 75 °C, revealing that the fabricated diodes preserve their performance even after the softening effect (i.e., an orders‐of‐magnitude modulus change) is induced in the polymer substrate. Additionally, high‐frequency diode operation up to 1 GHz is demonstrated for devices with an active area of 10 000 µm2 at 0 V bias. These devices can serve as building blocks for high‐frequency rectifying circuits and in more sophisticated arrangements toward applications in, for example, wireless bioelectronic implants.
A Silicon Nanowire Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Sessi Violetta , Simon Maik , Mulaosmanovic Halid , Pohl Darius , Loeffler Markus , Mauersberger Tom , Fengler Franz P. G. , Mittmann Terence , Richter Claudia , Slesazeck Stefan , Mikolajick Thomas , Weber Walter M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe design and characterization of a Schottky‐type ferroelectric field‐effect transistor based on a nominally undoped silicon nanowire are reported. The nanowire transistor is fabricated by top‐down technology starting from a silicon‐on insulator wafer. A thin ferroelectric Hf0.38Zr0.62O2 layer is integrated via a gate‐first approach. Abrupt Schottky source/drain contacts to the undoped silicon are provided by NiSi2 formation. Two distinct nonvolatile transistor states (programmed and erased) are observed in correspondence to negative and positive polarization in the ferroelectric layer, delivering a memory window of ≈1.5 V and, differently to conventional ferroelectric field effect transistors, yielding an on‐current difference of up to 30%. These results are interpreted as a combination of effects, arising from the proximity of the ferroelectric layer to both the channel and the Schottky‐junction regions. The threshold voltage shift, due to a polarization field acting on the channel, adds up to a polarization field‐driven tuning of the current injection through the Schottky‐source junction. This provides a strategy for manufacturing Schottky‐type nanoscale transistors with the add‐on nonvolatile option, following a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatible process. In particular, the device concept is of great interest for achieving nonvolatile polarity modification in reconfigurable field‐effect transistors.
Effects of trees and nitrogen supply on macronutrient cycling in integrated crop–livestock systems
Authors: Carpinelli Sandoval , da Fonseca Adriel Ferreira , Assmann Tangriani Simioni , Pontes Laíse da Silveira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResidue decomposition from pastures and crops plays an important role in nutrient cycling in integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS). The objective of this research was to quantify dry matter decomposition and nutrient release—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, and K, respectively), the most commonly required nutrients in tropical and subtropical agriculture—from pasture and soybean (Glycine max) residues of stocking and crop seasons in two ICLS (with and without trees, CLT and CL, respectively) and two N fertilization levels (90 vs. 180 kg N ha−1, N90 and N180, respectively, applied during the pasture phase). Litter bag incubations were set out in the December 2014 (soybean phase) and May 2015 (pasture phase), and retrieved after 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d in each season. The total N, P, and K released from the pasture or soybean residues were related to the initial quantity of plant residues, which was reduced in the CLT systems, mostly for pasture residue (−60%), probably due to light reduction (−55%), rather than changes in litter quality and dynamics. Significant amounts of N (∼57 kg ha−1), P (∼11 kg ha−1), and K (∼58 kg ha−1) were cycled, particularly in CL and N180 treatments. The quantities of K released from pasture residues were enough to restore the quantity of K exported by soybean grains. Therefore, results reinforce the need to understand nutrient release patterns from residues to improve fertilization management.
Leaf area development and yield of cassava in response to pruning of shoots and the late supply of nitrogen and potassium
Authors: Mota Lydia Helena S.O. , Fernandes Adalton M. , Assunção Natália S. , Leite Hugo M.F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated leaf area development, leaf nutritional content, and yield of pruned/unpruned cassava supplied with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) during its second vegetative cycle. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete‐block design with split‐plots and four replications. The treatments consisted of four management approaches that combined pruning/not pruning with or without K as the main plot and four N application rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha−1 N) as the subplots. The results revealed that an evaluation of the nutritional status of cassava during its second vegetative cycle should be considered if shoot pruning has been conducted because pruned plants had higher concentrations of N, P, and K in their leaves, and unpruned plants exhibited leaves with higher Ca, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Pruning of cassava shoots during the autumn/winter resting phase did not negatively affect root yield and may represent a recommended management practice for cassava cultivation. In soils with a medium level of K availability, K provision during the second cassava growth cycle is unnecessary because the application of K did not increase leaf reconstitution or yield components in either pruned or unpruned plants. The late application of N improved the nutritional status of cassava plants and increased their leaf area during the second growth cycle. Cassava root, starch, and flour yields increased in a linear fashion in response to the late application of N.
Long‐term influence of phosphorus fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates under no‐till corn–wheat–soybean rotations
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Yin Xinhua , Savoy Hubert J. , Jagadamma Sindhu , Lee Jaehoon , Sykes Virginia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of P availability on soil C sequestration is poorly understood in no‐tillage production. The objective of this study was to examine the long‐term phosphorus (P) fertilization effect on soil organic C (SOC), N, and C:N ratio in soil aggregates at different depths in no‐till corn (Zea mays L.)‐wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations. The experiment was conducted on low to medium P soils at Springfield and Milan, TN during 2013–2015 from 0–15 cm and from 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–30 cm in 2018 using Latin square design with five replications of five P rates (0, 29, 59, 88, and 117 kg P ha−1) applied annually. Bulk soil and aggregate sizes > 2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and < 0.053 mm were analyzed for SOC and N. Phosphorus rate of 88 kg ha−1 resulted in high soil testing P and had higher SOC and N than all other treatments on low P soil. However, over‐application of P at 117 kg ha−1 decreased SOC on low P soil. No response of SOC or N to P fertilization was observed on medium P soil. Application of 29 kg P ha−1 increased large macroaggregate (> 2 mm) weight. Concentrations of SOC and N were higher in microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) than the other aggregates. In conclusion, SOC and N stocks are increased on low P soils with appropriate P application, which is crucial for simultaneous improvements of soil C sequestration and crop yield.
Utilizing multiparametric flow cytometry in the diagnosis of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Evans Laura A. , Jevremovic Dragan , Nandakumar Bharat , Dispenzieri Angela , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kapoor Prashant , Leung Nelson , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Hwa Yi Lisa , Muchtar Eli , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Go Ronald , Russell Stephen , Lust John A. , Lin Yi , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Kyle Robert A. , Gertz Morie A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. , Gonsalves Wilson I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) has been made by quantifying circulating plasma cells (cPCs) morphologically on a peripheral blood (PB) smear. However, this technique is not sufficiently sensitive. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) provides a readily available and highly sensitive method to identify and quantify cPCs that could complement PB smear assessment. However, an optimal quantitative cutoff for cPCs by MFC to identify pPCL has not been established. Thus, a total of 591 patients newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients who had their PB samples evaluated morphologically by PB smear, and immunophenotypically by MFC prior to beginning therapy were evaluated. The presence of ≥200 cPCs/μL by MFC (N = 25 or 5% of the total population) was chosen to identify patients with ≥5% cPCs by PB smear with a specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 77%. For patients with ≥200 cPCs/μL by MFC compared to the remainder of the cohort, the median Time to next therapy (TTNT) was 18 vs 30 months and the median OS was 38 vs 70 months respectively. Thus, MFC assessment of PB can be utilized in conjunction with the morphological assessment of a PB smear to aid in improving the identification of pPCL among NDMM patients.
Safety and efficacy of self‐administered romiplostim in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: Results of an integrated database of five clinical trials
Authors: Kuter David J. , Arnold Donald M. , Rodeghiero Francesco , Janssens Ann , Selleslag Dominik , Bird Robert , Newland Adrian , Mayer Jiri , Wang Kejia , Olie Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRomiplostim self‐administration by patients or caregivers may offer time/cost savings to healthcare professionals (HCPs) and convenience for patients who avoid weekly clinic visits. We performed an integrated analysis of five clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim self‐administration. Data were analyzed from adults with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who received weekly romiplostim via self‐administration or from an HCP. Patients who achieved a stable romiplostim dose for ≥3 weeks (HCP group ≥5 weeks to provide an appropriate index date to enable comparisons with the self‐administration group) with platelet counts ≥50 × 109/L were eligible. In the self‐administration (n = 621) vs HCP (n = 133) groups, respectively, median age was 53 vs 58 years, median time since primary ITP diagnosis was 3.7 vs 2.5 years, and median baseline platelet count at ITP diagnosis was 19.0 vs 20.0 × 109/L. In the self‐administration and HCP‐dosed groups, median romiplostim treatment duration was 89 vs 52 weeks and median total number of doses was 81 vs 50, respectively. In the self‐administration and HCP groups, respectively: 95.0% and 100.0% of patients achieved ≥1 platelet response (defined as weekly platelet count ≥50 × 109/L without rescue medication in previous 4 weeks); the median percentage of weeks with a response was 94.5% and 95.9%; and rescue medication was used in 36.7% and 39.8% of patients. Self‐administration did not adversely affect safety; duration‐adjusted rates for all treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and bleeding TEAEs were numerically lower with self‐administration. Romiplostim self‐administration appears effective and well tolerated in eligible patients with ITP.
Neurophysiological Signatures of Motor Impairment in Patients with Rett Syndrome
Authors: Bernardo Pia , Cobb Stuart , Coppola Antonietta , Tomasevic Leo , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Bravaccio Carmela , Manganelli Fiore , Dubbioso Raffaele 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveRett syndrome (RTT) is an X‐linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder due to pathogenic mutations in the MECP2 gene. Motor impairment constitutes the core diagnostic feature of RTT. Preclinical studies have consistently demonstrated alteration of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance and aberrant synaptic plasticity at the cortical level. We aimed to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying motor deficit by assessing in vivo synaptic plasticity and E/I balance in the primary motor cortex (M1).MethodsIn 14 patients with typical RTT, 9 epilepsy control patients, and 11 healthy controls, we applied paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols to evaluate the excitation index, a biomarker reflecting the contribution of inhibitory and facilitatory circuits in M1. Intermittent TMS‐theta burst stimulation was used to probe long‐term potentiation (LTP)‐like plasticity in M1. Motor impairment, assessed by ad hoc clinical scales, was correlated with neurophysiological metrics.ResultsRTT patients displayed a significant increase of the excitation index (p = 0.003), as demonstrated by the reduction of short‐interval intracortical inhibition and increase of intracortical facilitation, suggesting a shift toward cortical excitation likely due to GABAergic dysfunction. Impairment of inhibitory circuits was also confirmed by the reduction of long‐interval intracortical inhibition (p = 0.002). LTP‐like plasticity in M1 was abolished (p = 0.008) and scaled with motor disability (all p = 0.003).InterpretationTMS is a method that can be used to assess cortical motor function in RTT patients. Our findings support the introduction of TMS measures in clinical and research settings to monitor the progression of motor deficit and response to treatment. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:763–773
Intelligentes Design von Nanomaterialien für Mitochondrien‐gerichtete Nanotherapeutika
Authors: Liew Si Si , Qin Xiaofei , Zhou Jia , Li Lin , Huang Wei , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMitochondrien sind die Kraftwerke der Zelle. Sie sind überlebenswichtige Organellen, die zelluläre Funktionen und den Metabolismus aufrechterhalten. Eine Dysfunktion der Mitochondrien führt zu verschiedenen Krankheiten mit einer großen Diversität klinischer Erscheinungen. In der Vergangenheit wurden Strategien zur Herstellung subzellulär angreifender Nanowirkstoffcarrier entwickelt, die zunächst die zelluläre Internalisierung und schließlich die Lokalisierung der Organelle ermöglichen. Seit einiger Zeit zeichnen sich innovative Strategien für das intelligente Design multifunktionaler Nanocarrier ab. Hierarchisches Targeting erlaubt es diesen, verschiedenste Barrieren auf dem Wege der Verabreichung in vivo zu umgehen oder zu überwinden und das Organell mit guter Bioverfügbarkeit zu erreichen. Stimuli‐responsive Nanocarrier erlauben die kontrollierte Freisetzung der Therapeutika unmittelbar am gewünschten Target. Synergetische Therapien können durch die Verwendung einer Ansatzkombination erzielt werden, wie etwa aus Chemo‐, Gen‐ und Phototherapie. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir dieses Feld auf neuste Entwicklungen und Strategien im intelligenten Design von Nanocarriern für Mitochondrien‐gerichtete Therapeutika. Überdies werden bestehende Herausforderungen sowie bisher unerforschte therapeutische Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt und diskutiert, um die nächste Generation mitochondrial‐gerichteter Nanotherapeutika zu inspirieren.
Dimeric Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Unsaturated Amides
Authors: Wang Dongping , Dong Jie , Fan Wenjing , Yuan Xiang‐Ai , Han Jian , Xie Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented Mn(I)‐catalyzed selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unsaturated amides with commercially available organic boronic acids is reported. Alkenyl boronic acids have been successfully employed for the first time in Mn(I)‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formation. A wide array of β‐alkenylated amide products can be obtained in moderate to good yields, which offers practical access to five‐ and six‐membered lactams. This protocol has predictable regio‐ and chemoselectivity, excellent functional group compatibility and ease of operation in air, representing a significant step‐forward towards manganese‐catalyzed C−C coupling.
Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane
Authors: Baser‐Kirazli Nurcan , Lalancette Roger A. , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new boron‐doped cyclophane, the hexabora[16]cyclophane B6‐FMes, in which six tricoordinate borane moieties alternate with short conjugated p‐phenylene linkers. Exocyclic 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (FMes) groups serve not only to further withdraw electron density but at the same time sterically shield the boron atoms, resulting in a macrocycle that is both highly electron‐deficient and stable. The optical and electronic properties are compared with those of related linear oligomers and the electronic structure is further evaluated by computational methods. The studies uncover unique properties of B6‐FMes, including a low‐lying and extensively delocalized LUMO and a wide HOMO–LUMO gap, which arise from the combination of a cyclic π‐system, strong electronic communication between the closely spaced borons, and the attachment of electron‐deficient pendent groups. The binding of small anions to the electron‐deficient macrocycle and molecular model compounds is investigated and emissive exciplexes are detected in aromatic solvents.
Smart Design of Nanomaterials for Mitochondria‐Targeted Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Liew Si Si , Qin Xiaofei , Zhou Jia , Li Lin , Huang Wei , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMitochondria are the powerhouse of cells. They are vital organelles that maintain cellular function and metabolism. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in various diseases with a great diversity of clinical appearances. In the past, strategies have been developed for fabricating subcellular‐targeting drug‐delivery nanocarriers, enabling cellular internalization and subsequent organelle localization. Of late, innovative strategies have emerged for the smart design of multifunctional nanocarriers. Hierarchical targeting enables nanocarriers to evade and overcome various barriers encountered upon in vivo administration to reach the organelle with good bioavailability. Stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers allow controlled release of therapeutics to occur at the desired target site. Synergistic therapy can be achieved using a combination of approaches such as chemotherapy, gene and phototherapy. In this Review, we survey the field for recent developments and strategies used in the smart design of nanocarriers for mitochondria‐targeted therapeutics. Existing challenges and unexplored therapeutic opportunities are also highlighted and discussed to inspire the next generation of mitochondrial‐targeting nanotherapeutics.