bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI PENGOLAHAN TEH KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Ali Mukhti 
Published: May 2020

Dragon fruit skin that had not been processed as waste in an optimal, even just be a waste to society, but the skin can be processed into a dragon fruit dragon fruit peel tea. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity, as well as the preference level of the tea panelists red dragon fruit peel and white by using the oven drying method, UV plastic, and direct sunlight. The study also aimed to analyze variations in the type of dragon fruit and drying techniques to the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity, as well as the properties of tea organoliptik dragon fruit skin. In this study used six combinations between types of dragon fruit (Red and White) and the drying method (Oven, Plastic UV and Direct Sunlight. The parameters analyzed were the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity and the level of A panelist on color, flavor, and aroma.The results show that there is significant influence on the kind of dragon fruit antioxidant levels and antioxidant activity at the 5% significance level. While the drying method does not give a different effect on the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity. The next type of dragon fruit also gives different effect on the preference level of the color of tea panelists dragon fruit skin, while the drying method does not provide a real impact. However, the type of dragon fruit no significant effect on the taste and aroma of tea dragon fruit skin. As well as the drying method, no significant effect on the taste and aroma of tea dragon fruit skin. Keywords: dragon fruit skin, drying, tea, antioxidant levels, antioxidant activity.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SAMBAL FERMENTASI MELALUI PENAMBAHAN GARAM DAN BAHAN PENSTABIL
Authors: Alpindo Antoni 
Published: May 2020

Sambal adalah cabai yang menyerupai bubur dan biasanya ditambah bahan-bahan lain seperti garam ,bawang merah dan bawang putih. Untuk mningkatkan mutu sambal dapat dilakukan dengan cara fermentasi cabai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi garam dan penambahan CMC terhadap mutu sambal fermentasi.
Metode dalam penelitian meliputi proses pembuatan sambal cabai terdiri atas 2 tahap, yaitu fermntasi cabai merah dan cabai hijau dengan perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi garam (2% dan 2,5%). Kemudian pengolahan sambal fermentasi dengan penambahan bahan penstabil CMC dengan variasi perlakuan CMC (0%, 0,5% dan 1%). Analisis pada penelitian ini meliputi analisis Total Plate Count, viskositas dan sifat organoleptik sambal fermentasi.
Dari hasil analisis TPC sambal fermentasi berkisar antara 0 x 103 hingga 1 x 103 dan analisis total padatan sambal fermentasi berkisar antara 26,90% hingga 40,12%, menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap rasa sambal fermentasi berkisar antara 2,95 (agak suka) hingga 3,55 (agak suka) menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata, terhadap warna sambal berkisar antara 3,05 (agak suka) hingga 3,45 (agak suka) menunjukkan tidak beda nyata dan hasil uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur sambal fermentasi berkisar antara 2,65 (tidak suka) hingga 3,6 (agak suka) menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata.

Kata kunci : Kualitas sambal, fermentasi, cabai, garam, bahan pesntabil
ANALISIS STRUKTURISASI KELEMBAGAAN DESA MANDIRI PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN APLIKASI METODE INTERPRETATIVE STRUCTURAL MODELLING (ISM) DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Fariadi Herri 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi atribut-atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap struktur kelembagaan desa mandiri pangan berkelanjutan dan untuk merumuskan bagaimana struktur kelembagaan yang terlibat dalam pengembangan desa mandiri pangan agar dapat berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2015. Penentuan lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) yakni di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah merupakan kawasan yang telah mendapat program desa mandiri pangan, juga didasarkan atas pertimbangan bahwa Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah kalangan pakar terpilih yang diambil berdasarkan kesesuaian keahlian dengan struktur dan kelembagaan usaha pangan. Pada saat penentuan atribut, responden diambil sebanyak 17 orang, selanjutnya dalam metode interpretative structural modelling (ISM) untuk penentuan struktur kelembagaan responden yang diambil sebanyak 5 orang yang berasal dari akademisi. Analisis atribut-atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap struktur kelembagaan desa mandiri pangan berkelanjutan dilakukan dengan pendekatan Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) yang disebut dengan pendekatan Rap-Demangan. Untuk merumuskan struktur kelembagaan menggunakan Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). Hasil analisis Rap-Demangan menunjukkan bahwa indeks keberlanjutan kelembagaan di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah dengan kategori baik (75.6) dalam skala keberlanjutan 0–100. Hasil Output ISM-Strella, berdasarkan Reachability Matrix (RM) Lembaga Sosial, berada pada sektor I (AUTONOMOUS), sektor II (DEPENDENT) di tempati oleh Pengolah Hasil Pangan, Pemasar Hasil Pangan, Kelompok Tani/Ternak/Nelayan, Koperasi dan UKM, Lembaga Keuangan Mikro, Gapoktan, KTNA, Unit Pembenihan Rakyat, Sedangkan yang berada pada sektor III (LINKAGE) yaitu adalah Pembudidaya Pangan, Disperindag. Pada sektor IV (INDEPENDENT) yaitu adalah Kementrian Pertanian, Dinas Teknis, Badan Ketahanan Pangan, BP4K, Tokoh Masyarakat, Kementrian Kelautan Dan Perikanan, Balai Pembibitan, Balai Benih Ikan, Bappeda, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Penyuluh.

Kata Kunci : struktur kelembagaan, desa mandiri pangan berkelanjutan, metode Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM).
Pengaruh Penambahan Variasi Konsentrasi Tepung Rebung Pada Pembuatan Roti Tawar Terhadap Kadar Serat, Umur Simpan dan Uji Organoleptik
Authors: Putri Vefty Novita , Okfrianti Yenni , Kamsiah Kamsiah 
Published: May 2020

Roti Tawar tepung rebung merupakan produk makanan yang dibuat dari bahan baku roti tawar dengan penambahan variasi konsentrasi tepung rebung betung (Dendrocalamus asper). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan berbagai konsentrasi tepung rebung dalam pembuatan roti tawar terhadap kadar serat dan uji organoleptik. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat ekserimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penilaian organoleptik dilakukan oleh panelis agak terlatih sebanyak 40 orang yaitu mahasiswa Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu. Setelah didapat roti tawar yang paling disukai panelis maka dilanjutkan dengan uji kadar serat. Analisis hasil uji organoleptik menggunakan aplikasi statistik Uji Kruskal Wallis dengan tingkat signifikansi menggunakan p < 0,05 makan silanjutkan dengan Uji Man Whithey. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata panelis menyukai roti tawar penambahan tepung rebung formula 1 (0%) dan 2 (3%) yaitu 0 gram dan 10 gram tepung rebung dengan hasil kadar serat 0,60% dan 2,16%. Saran setelah dilakukan uji organoleptik (warna, aroma,rasa dan tekstur) dapat diterima oleh panelis dengan kadar serat yang tinggi. Diharapkan produk roti tawar penambahan tepung rebung dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat luas dan disarankan pula masyarakat dapat mengkonsumsi sumber serat dari bahan pangan lainnya.

Kata kunci : Roti Tawar, tepung rebung, kadar serat, uji organoleptik
Identifikasi Pangan Tradisional Di Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Yunita Reni , Nur'aini Hesti 
Published: May 2020

Pangan lokal adalah pangan tradisional yang dihasilkan dari suatu daerah di Indonesia yang terdiri dari berbagai macam makanan pokok, maupun makanan ringan. Pangan tradisional adalah pangan yang sudah turun temurun dihasilkan atau dikonsumsi, menggunakan bahan lokal dan diolah secara khas di suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis produk pangan lokal dan menganalisis sifat makronutrien yang terdapat dalam makanan tradisional di Kabupaten Kepahiang, Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pangan tradisional di Kabupaten Kepahiang terdiri dari 18 jenis makanan yaitu 8 jenis jajanan, 4 jenis lauk pauk dan 6 jenis minuman. Analisis makronutrien pada lemang mengandung 3,98 % protein, 4,93% lemak dan 23,45 % karbohidrat. Serawo mengandung 3,87 % protein, 5,12% lemak dan 22,89 % karbohidrat, sedangkan bajik mengandung 3,67 % protein, 5,45% lemak dan 22,54% karbohidrat.
Kata kunci: pangan tradisional, Kabupaten Kepahiang, makronutrien
Karakterisasi Sumberdaya Pangan Lokal Spesifik Daerah di Kabupaten Muko-muko Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Nur'aini Hesti , Saputra Andika 
Published: May 2020

Pangan lokal merupakan salah satu kekayaan alam yang mempunyai potensi cukup tinggi untuk dikembangkan demi kemajuan suatu daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis makronutrien komoditas pangan lokal yang ada di Kabupaten Mukomuko Provinsi Bengkulu. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi identifikasi produk pangan lokal, inventarisasi metode pengolahan dan analisis makronutrien produk pangan lokal di Kabupaten Mukomuko. Analisis makronutrien yang dilakukan meliputi kadar karbohidrat, protein dan lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Mukomuko memiliki produk pangan lokal sebanyak 12 (dua belas) jenis, yang terdiri dari makanan atau lauk pauk sebanyak 6 (enam) jenis yaitu rendang lokan, sambal lokan, sate lokan, krasak mungkus, samba nioh, ikan kering kurau dan jajanan (cemilan) sebanyak 6 (enam) jenis yaitu juodak karyok, juodak sangengek, juodak itai, juodak sagon kering, atau kerupuk tortila. Hasil analisis makronutrien juodak itai menunjukkan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 25,29%, kadar protein 4,62% dan kadar lemak 8,63%, sedangkan untuk juodak sangengek, menunjukkan kadar karbohidrat 18,14%, kadar protein 3,12% dan kadar lemak 22,36%. Selanjutnya, juodak sagon pasir memiliki kadar karbohidrat 16,38%, kadar protein 2,58% dan kadar lemak 1,86%.

Kata kunci : pangan lokal, Kabupaten Mukomuko, makronutrien
The effect of physical activity on stress levels of medical students: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Butt Nausharwan , Nimrah Badar  , Marium N Khan  , Ahreen Allana  , Ahmer Ashraf  , Danial Siddiqui  , Maria H. Baig  , Aamer Mahmood  , Arhama Malik  , Imran S. Khalek  , Sarah Saleem  
Published: May 2020

Objectives
To determine association between physical activity and hours of physical activity and stress levels in medical students
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted at a private medical college in Karachi, during April and May 2015. Convenience sampling was used to identify the study participants. The subjects were medical students from year one through five. We interviewed 235 students. A pre-tested, self-administered three-part questionnaire was used to collect the data. The first part of the questionnaire inquired about the subjects’ demographics and exercise habits, the second part of the questionnaire was adapted from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to determine stress scores within participants, and the third part of the questionnaire asked about other stress relieving factors.
Results
According to the PSS, 30.3% of the participants were moderately stressed. The mean PSS was found to be 16.95 ± 5.72. 2A significant correlation was found between physical activity and stress levels; those involved in physical activity were 52 percent less likely to be moderately stressed (OR 0.48, p-value = 0.015) as compared to those who had not partaken in physical activity. Furthermore, studentswho performed physical activity for >4 hours per week had a lower mean PSS score (16.2) when compared to those who exercised for <2 hours per week. (18.2). Post-hoc statistical testing revealed the difference to be significant (p=0.028).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of our study, we conclude that physical activity of any form is associated with significantly decreased stress levels in medical students.
Orbital Ingredients for Cooking X-structures in Edge-on Galaxies
Authors: Parul Hanna D. , Smirnov Anton A. , Sotnikova Natalia Ya. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
X-structures are often observed in galaxies hosting the so-called B/PS (boxy/peanuts) bulges and are visible from the edge-on view. They are the most notable features of B/PS bulges and appear as four rays protruding from the disk of the host galaxy and distinguishable against the B/PS bulge background. In some works, their origin is thought to be connected with the so-called banana-shaped orbits with a vertical resonance 2:1. A star in such an orbit performs two oscillations in the vertical direction per one revolution in the bar frame. Several recent studies that analyzed ensembles of orbits arising in different N-body models do not confirm the dominance of the resonant 2:1 orbits in X-structures. In our work, we analyze two N-body models and show how the X-structure in our models is gradually assembled from the center to the periphery from orbits with less than 2:1 frequency ratio. The most number of such orbits is enclosed in a “farfalle”-shape (Italian pasta) form and turns out to be non-periodic. We conclude that the X-structure is akin to the envelope curve of regions of high density caused by the crossing or folding of different types of orbits at their highest points, and does not have a “backbone” similar to that of the in-plane bar. Comparing the orbital structure of two different numerical models, we show that the dominance of one or another family of orbits with a certain ratio of the vertical oscillations frequency to the in-plane frequency depends on the parameters of the underlying galaxy and ultimately determines the morphology of the X-structure and the opening angle of its rays.
Spectral Signatures of Chromospheric Condensation in a Major Solar Flare
Authors: Graham David R. , Cauzzi Gianna , Zangrilli Luca , Kowalski Adam , Simões Paulo , Allred Joel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We study the evolution of chromospheric line and continuum emission during the impulsive phase of the X-class SOL2014-09-10T17:45 solar flare. We extend previous analyses of this flare to multiple chromospheric lines of Fe i, Fe ii, Mg ii, C i, and Si ii observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, combined with radiative-hydrodynamical (RHD) modeling. For multiple flaring kernels, the lines all show a rapidly evolving double-component structure: an enhanced emission component at rest, and a broad, highly redshifted component of comparable intensity. The redshifted components migrate from 25 to 50 km s−1 toward the rest wavelength within ∼30 s. Using Fermi hard X-ray observations, we derive the parameters of an accelerated electron beam impacting the dense chromosphere, using them to drive an RHD simulation with the RADYN code. As in Kowalski et al. (2017), our simulations show that the most energetic electrons penetrate into the deep chromosphere, heating it to T ∼ 10,000 K, while the bulk of the electrons dissipate their energy higher, driving an explosive evaporation, and its counterpart condensation—a very dense (n

e
∼ 2 × 1014 cm−3), thin layer (30–40 km thickness), heated to 8–12,000 K, moving toward the stationary chromosphere at up to 50 km s−1. The synthetic Fe ii 2814.45 Å profiles closely resemble the observational data, including a continuum enhancement, and both a stationary and a highly redshifted component, rapidly moving toward the rest wavelength. Importantly, the absolute continuum intensity, ratio of component intensities, relative time of appearance, and redshift amplitude are sensitive to the model input parameters, showing great potential as diagnostics.
Streaming Instability in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Umurhan Orkan M. , Estrada Paul R. , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The streaming instability for solid particles in protoplanetary disks is reexamined assuming the familiar alpha (α) model for isotropic turbulence. Turbulence always reduces the growth rates of the streaming instability relative to values calculated for globally laminar disks. While for small values of the turbulence parameter, α < 10−5, the wavelengths of the fastest growing disturbances are small fractions of the local gas vertical scale height H, we find that for moderate values of the turbulence parameter, i.e., α ∼ 10−5–10−3, the length scales of maximally growing disturbances shift toward larger scales, approaching H. At these moderate turbulent intensities and for local particle to gas mass density ratios ϵ < 0.5, the vertical scales of the most unstable modes begin to exceed the corresponding radial scales so that the instability appears in the form of vertically oriented sheets extending well beyond the particle scale height. We find that for hydrodynamical turbulent disk models reported in the literature, with α = 4 × 10−5–5 × 10−4, together with state-of-the-art global evolution models of particle growth, the streaming instability is predicted to be viable within a narrow triangular patch of α–τ

s
parameter space centered on Stokes numbers, τ

s
∼ 0.01 and α ∼ 4 × 10−5, and further, exhibits growth rates on the order of several hundreds to thousands of orbit times for disks with 1% (Z = 0.01) cosmic solids abundance or metallicity. Our results are consistent with, and place in context, published numerical studies of streaming instabilities.
Close Binary Companions to APOGEE DR16 Stars: 20,000 Binary-star Systems Across the Color–Magnitude Diagram
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hogg David W. , Rix Hans-Walter , Beaton Rachael L. , Lewis Hannah M. , Nidever David L. , Almeida Andrés , Badenes Carles , Barba Rodolfo , Beers Timothy C. , Carlberg Joleen K. , De Lee Nathan , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Green Paul J. , Hasselquist Sten , Longa-Peña Penélope , Majewski Steven R. , Nitschelm Christian , Sobeck Jennifer , Stassun Keivan G. , Stringfellow Guy S. , Troup Nicholas W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many problems in contemporary astrophysics—from understanding the formation of black holes to untangling the chemical evolution of galaxies—rely on knowledge about binary stars. This, in turn, depends on the discovery and characterization of binary companions for large numbers of different kinds of stars in different chemical and dynamical environments. Current stellar spectroscopic surveys observe hundreds of thousands to millions of stars with (typically) few observational epochs, which allows for binary discovery but makes orbital characterization challenging. We use a custom Monte Carlo sampler (The Joker) to perform discovery and characterization of binary systems through radial velocities, in the regime of sparse, noisy, and poorly sampled multi-epoch data. We use it to generate posterior samplings in Keplerian parameters for 232,495 sources released in APOGEE Data Release 16. Our final catalog contains 19,635 high-confidence close-binary (P ≲ few years, a ≲ few

) systems that show interesting relationships between binary occurrence rate and location in the color–magnitude diagram. We find notable faint companions at high masses (black hole candidates), at low masses (substellar candidates), and at very close separations (mass-transfer candidates). We also use the posterior samplings in a (toy) hierarchical inference to measure the long-period binary-star eccentricity distribution. We release the full set of posterior samplings for the entire parent sample of 232,495 stars. This set of samplings involves no heuristic “discovery” threshold and therefore can be used for myriad statistical purposes, including hierarchical inferences about binary-star populations and subthreshold searches.
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays by Plasma Disturbances Propagating Through the Local Interstellar Medium in the Outer Heliosheath
Authors: Zhang Ming , Pogorelov Nikolai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The modulation of cosmic rays by a propagating plasma disturbance, a global merged interaction region (GMIR), in the heliosheath is simulated using a Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation for the transport of energetic particles with significant anisotropy. The prescribed plasma structure of the GMIR contains a shock front and plasma rarefaction region behind the shock, which propagate through a simplified paramagnetic shielding model of the heliosheath. When a GMIR goes through the heliospheric magnetic field in the inner heliosheath, its modulation effects on cosmic rays are consistent with typical Forbush decreases. When a GMIR goes through the interstellar magnetic field in the outer heliosheath, only cosmic rays with large pitch angles with respect to the magnetic field vector (cosine values close to zero) are modulated by it. The difference is due to the very weak scattering of particles by the interstellar turbulence. Particles trapped in the rarefied magnetic field inside a GMIR suffer a significant amount of adiabatic cooling, which results in a considerable intensity decrease and a bidirectional anisotropy. The simulation result can be used to explain what Voyager 1 observed in the very local interstellar medium. Depending on the strength of plasma compression inside a GMIR, some cosmic rays may be accelerated, but the GMIR effect on the cosmic-ray intensity is much weaker than that due to adiabatic cooling because particles have only a brief interaction with a GMIR without trapping.
A Link between Ram Pressure Stripping and Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael , Natarajan Priyamvada , Quinn Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The dense environment of a galaxy cluster can radically transform the content of in-falling galaxies. Recent observations have found a significant population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) within “jellyfish galaxies,” galaxies with trailing tails of gas and stars that indicate significant ram pressure stripping. The relationship between AGN and ram pressure stripping is not well understood. In this Letter, we investigate the connection between AGN activity and ram pressure in a fully cosmological setting for the first time using the RomulusC simulation, one of the highest resolution simulations of a galaxy cluster to date. For lower mass galaxies (with stellar masses M
* ≲ 109.5
M
⊙) both star formation and black hole accretion are suppressed by ram pressure before they reach pericenter, whereas for more massive galaxies accretion onto the black hole is enhanced during pericentric passage. Our analysis also indicates that as long as the galaxy retains gas, AGN with higher Eddington ratios are more likely to be found in galaxies experiencing higher ram pressure. We conclude that prior to quenching star formation, ram pressure triggers enhanced accretion onto the black hole, which in our model then produces heating and outflows due to AGN feedback. These simulations suggest that AGN feedback may in turn serve to aid in the quenching of star formation in tandem with ram pressure.
La valorisation du personnel au sein des PME belges
Authors: Dupont Claire , Ferauge Perrine , Alphonse-Tilloy Isabelle , Scoyez Sylvie 
Published: May 2020

Notre recherche s’intéresse à l’existence d’une politique de valorisation du personnel au sein de PME belges et à l’influence de la vision de la GRH développée par leur dirigeant dans l’implémentation d’une telle politique. Les informations fournies par 159 dirigeants de PME belges ayant répondu à notre enquête nous amènent à distinguer 3 classes de dirigeants qui ne partagent pas la même vision sur leur engagement en GRH. Cette conception différente de la GRH affecte alors les pratiques de valorisation auxquelles ces dirigeants recourent dans leur établissement.