bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the combined impacts of host plant resistance and biological control on the population dynamics of a major pest of wheat
Authors: Rand Tatyana A , Richmond Courtney E , Dougherty Edward T 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSingle‐tool approaches often fail to provide effective long‐term suppression of pest populations, such that combining several tools into an integrated management strategy is critical. Yet studies that harness the power of population models to explore the relative efficacy of various management tools and their combinations remain rare. We constructed a Leslie matrix population model to evaluate the potential of crop resistance, acting alone or in combination with biological control, to reduce populations of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, a major pest of wheat in North America.RESULTSOur model projections indicated that crop resistance reduced, but did not stop, C. cinctus population growth, suggesting that implementing multiple management tools will be necessary for longer term control of this pest. The levels of parasitism needed to curtail population growth were much lower in model projections for resistant solid‐stemmed compared with susceptible hollow‐stemmed cultivars (22% versus 86%). Furthermore, even when accounting for the reduced levels of parasitism observed in resistant cultivars, projected population growth rates for C. cinctus were always lower in resistant compared with susceptible wheat cultivars.CONCLUSIONDespite some empirical evidence for antagonistic interactions between resistance and biological control, our models suggest that combining these two approaches will always reduce population growth rates to lower levels than implementing either strategy alone. More work focused on integrating biological control into crop resistance breeding programs, and determining how these approaches affect performance of limiting life stages, will be important to optimize sustainable approaches to integrated pest management in this system and more broadly. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Rényi and Tsallis entropies of the Dirichlet and Neumann one‐dimensional quantum wells
Authors: Olendski Oleg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA comparative analysis of the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions (BCs) of the one‐dimensional (1D) quantum well extracts similarities and differences of the Rényi
R(α) as well as Tsallis
T(α) entropies between these two geometries. It is shown, in particular, that for either BC the dependences of the Rényi position components on the parameter α are the same for all orbitals but the lowest Neumann one, for which the corresponding functional R is not influenced by the variation of α. Lower limit α
TH of the semi‐infinite range of the dimensionless Rényi/Tsallis coefficient where momentum entropies exist crucially depends on the position BC and is equal to 1/4 for the Dirichlet requirement and 1/2 for the Neumann one. At α approaching this critical value, the corresponding momentum functionals do diverge. The gap between the thresholds α
TH of the two BCs causes different behavior of the Rényi uncertainty relations as functions of α. For both configurations, the lowest energy level at
α = 1/2 does saturate either type of the entropic inequality, thus confirming an earlier surmise about it. It is also conjectured that the threshold α
TH of ½ is characteristic of any 1D non‐Dirichlet system. Other properties are discussed and analyzed from the mathematical and physical points of view.
Synthesis, characterization, and visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic activity of powdered semiconductor oxides of bismuth and zinc toward degradation of Alizarin Red S
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Sharma Seema , Kaur Kirandeep , Bansal Priti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSemiconductor oxides of bismuth and zinc have been synthesized using modified sol–gel method and sol‐combustion method, respectively. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3 and ZnO was evaluated for the degradation of Alizarin Red S (ARS), as a model pollutant, at 20 mg/L level in water under visible light irradiation. The percentage of photocatalytic degradation was determined using UV‐vis spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic results revealed that Bi2O3 and ZnO could effectively degrade 73% and 53% of ARS, respectively, within 13 hr under visible light illumination, indicating that synthesized Bi2O3 is a better photocatalyst than ZnO. Photodegradation of ARS with Bi2O3 and ZnO is remarkably influenced by change in pH of the dye solution, and pH 8 was found to be the most favorable for maximum removal of ARS in case of both Bi2O3 (75%) and ZnO (58%) photocatalyst.Practitioner points

Photocatalytic degradation of ARS dye depends on pH of the solution.

Calcination temperature influences the crystallite size of prepared semiconductor oxides of bismuth and zinc.

Bi2O3 shows better photocatalytic degradation efficiency than ZnO under visible light illumination.
Weather and Exposure Period Affect Coyote Detection at Camera Traps
Authors: Madsen Anastasia E. , Corral Lucia , Fontaine Joseph J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCamera traps are an increasingly popular means to monitor wildlife populations. However, like other techniques for measuring populations, camera traps are subject to sources of error that may bias population estimates. Past studies accounting for detection error have failed to account for a simple but potentially widely pervasive source of environmental error: weather conditions. Using 5,108,416 photographs from 804 scent‐lured camera traps deployed in western Nebraska, USA, during spring and autumn of 2014 and 2015, we analyzed the relationship between weather conditions (barometric pressure, wind speed, precipitation, and temperature) and coyote (Canis latrans) detection probability. Using binomial generalized linear mixed‐effects models, we showed that detection probability was affected by all weather conditions examined. Weather effects on detection suggests that either weather alters coyote behavior or decreases trap efficacy. Detection probability also decreased over the exposure period, indicating that coyotes either avoided traps after initial exploration or that lure efficacy decreased over time. Our findings suggest that to achieve accurate population indices, camera‐trap studies need to incorporate effects of weather conditions and sampling duration into population models to account for detection bias in estimates. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Off-shell vs on-shell modelling of top quarks in photon associated production
Authors: Bevilacqua G. , Hartanto H.B. , Kraus M. , Weber T. , Worek M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a comparative study of various approaches for modelling of the $$ {e}^{+}{v}_e{\mu}^{-}{\overline{v}}_{\mu }b\overline{b}\gamma $$

e
+

v
e

μ
−

v
¯

μ

b

b
¯

γ
final state in $$ t\overline{t}\gamma $$
t

t
¯

γ
production at the LHC. Working at the NLO in QCD we compare the fully realistic description of the top quark decay chain with the one provided by the narrow-width-approximation. The former approach comprises all double, single and non-resonant diagrams, interferences, and off-shell effects of the top quarks. The latter incorporates only double resonant contributions and restricts the unstable top quarks to on-shell states. We confirm that for the integrated cross sections the finite top quark width effects are small and of the order of $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Gamma}_t/{m}_t\right) $$
O

Γ
t

/

m
t

. We show, however, that they are strongly enhanced for more exclusive observables. In addition, we investigate fractions of events where the photon is radiated either in the production or in the decay stage. We find that large fraction of isolated photons comes from radiative decays of top quarks. Based on our findings, selection criteria might be developed to reduce such contributions, that constitute a background for the measurement of the anomalous couplings in the $$ t\overline{t}\upgamma $$
t

t
¯

γ
vertex.
Precision microstate counting for the entropy of wrapped M5-branes
Authors: Gang Dongmin , Kim Nakwoo , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the large N expansion of twisted partition functions of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories arising from N M5-branes wrapped on a hyperbolic 3- manifold, M3. Via the 3d-3d correspondence, the partition functions of these 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories are related to simple topological invariants on the 3-manifold. The partition functions can be expressed using only classical and one-loop perturbative invariants of PSL(N, ℂ) Chern-Simons theory around irreducible flat connections on M3. Using mathematical results on the asymptotics of the invariants, we compute the twisted partition functions in the large N limit including perturbative corrections to all orders in 1/N . Surprisingly, the perturbative expansion terminates at finite order. The leading part of the partition function is of order N3 and agrees with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the dual black holes. The subleading part, in particular the log N -terms in the field theory partition function is found to precisely match the one-loop quantum corrections in the dual eleven dimensional supergravity. The field theory results of other terms in 1/N provide a stringent prediction for higher order corrections in the holographic dual, which is M-theory.
Revisiting the classifications of 6d SCFTs and LSTs
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gauge-theoretic anomaly cancellation predicts the existence of many 6d SCFTs and little string theories (LSTs) that have not been given a string theory construction so far. In this paper, we provide an explicit construction of all such “missing” 6d SCFTs and LSTs by using the frozen phase of F-theory. We conjecture that the full set of 6d SCFTs and LSTs is obtained by combining the set of theories constructed in this paper with the set of theories that have been constructed in earlier literature using the unfrozen phase of F-theory. Along the way, we demonstrate that there exist SCFTs that do not descend from LSTs via an RG flow.
Diabetes through a 3D lens: organoid models
Authors: Tsakmaki Anastasia , Fonseca Pedro Patricia , Bewick Gavin A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiabetes is one of the most challenging health concerns facing society. Available drugs treat the symptoms but there is no cure. This presents an urgent need to better understand human diabetes in order to develop improved treatments or target remission. New disease models need to be developed that more accurately describe the pathology of diabetes. Organoid technology provides an opportunity to fill this knowledge gap. Organoids are 3D structures, established from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem/progenitor cells, that recapitulate key aspects of the in vivo tissues they mimic. In this review we briefly introduce organoids and their benefits; we focus on organoids generated from tissues important for glucose homeostasis and tissues associated with diabetic complications. We hope this review serves as a touchstone to demonstrate how organoid technology extends the research toolbox and can deliver a step change of discovery in the field of diabetes.
Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Anastomotic Leakage Rate After Esophagectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xiang , Yan Shi , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Shaolei , Wang Yaqi , Wang Xing , Wang Yuzhao , Wang Jia , Lv Chao , Yang Yue , Wu Nan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer occupies a vital position in fatal cancer‐related disease, with esophagectomy procedures helping to improve patient survival. The timing when oral intake should be resumed after esophagectomy and whether early oral feeding (EOF) or delayed oral feeding (DOF) should be the optimal regimen are controversial.MethodsDatabases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library) were searched. All records were screened by two authors through full‐text reading. Data on the anastomotic leakage rate were extracted and synthesized in meta‐analyses. Postoperative pneumonia rate and length of hospital stay were also assessed.ResultsSeven studies from 49 records were included after full‐text reading; 1595 patients were totally included in the analysis. No significant difference was observed between the EOF and DOF groups (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–4.03; p = 0.2495; I2 = 70%). Higher anastomotic leakage rate was observed in EOF compared with DOF (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.56–5.34; p = 0.0007; I2 = 10%) in the open subgroup. No significant difference was observed in the MIE (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.22–1.02; p = 0.0564; I2 = 0%). Patients performed similarly in pneumonia (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.57–2.21; p = 0.745; I2 = 34%). In cervical subgroup, anastomosis leakage may be less in DOF (OR 2.42 95% CI 1.26–4.64; p = 0.0651; I2 = 58%), while in thoracic subgroup, there is no obvious difference (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.46–1.61; p = 0.01; I2 = 84.9%).ConclusionsAnastomotic leakage related to the timing of oral feeding after open esophagectomy, which is more favorable to the DOF regimen. However, timing of oral feeding did not impair anastomotic healing in patients undergoing MIE.
Pharmacokinetics of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with R/G-CHP in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Shemesh Colby S. , Agarwal Priya , Lu Tong , Lee Calvin , Dere Randall C. , Li Xiaobin , Li Chunze , Jin Jin Y. , Girish Sandhya , Miles Dale , Lu Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The phase Ib/II open-label study (NCT01992653) evaluated the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin (pola) plus rituximab/obinutuzumab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R/G-CHP) as first-line therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We report the pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug–drug interaction (DDI) for pola.

Methods
Six or eight cycles of pola 1.0–1.8 mg/kg were administered intravenously every 3 weeks (q3w) with R/G-CHP. Exposures of pola [including antibody-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (acMMAE) and unconjugated MMAE] and R/G-CHP were assessed by non-compartmental analysis and/or descriptive statistics with cross-cycle comparisons to cycle 1 and/or after multiple cycles. Pola was evaluated as a potential victim and perpetrator of a PK drug–drug interaction with R/G-CHP. Population PK (popPK) analysis assessed the impact of prior treatment status (naïve vs. relapsed/refractory) on pola PK.

Results
Pola PK was similar between treatment arms and independent of line of therapy. Pola PK was dose proportional from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/kg with R/G-CHP. Geometric mean volume of distribution and clearance of acMMAE ranged from 57.3 to 95.6 mL/kg and 12.7 to 18.2 mL/kg/day, respectively. acMMAE exhibited multi-exponential decay (elimination half-life ~ 1 week). Unconjugated MMAE exhibited formation rate-limited kinetics. Exposures of pola with R/G-CHP were similar to those in the absence of CHP; exposures of R/G-CHP in the presence of pola were comparable to those in the absence of pola.

Conclusions
Pola PK was well characterized with no clinically meaningful DDIs with R/G-CHP. Findings are consistent with previous studies of pola + R/G, and support pola + R/G-CHP use in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy versus open simple prostatectomy: a single-center comparison
Authors: Dotzauer R. , La Torre A. , Thomas A. , Brandt M. P. , Böhm K. , Mager R. , Borgmann H. , Jäger W. , Kurosch M. , Höfner T. , Ruckes C. , Haferkamp A. , Tsaur I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Open simple prostatectomy (OSP) is a standard surgical technique for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with prostate size larger than 80 ml. As a minimally invasive approach, robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) emerged as a feasible surgical alternative. Currently, there are no definite recommendations for the standard use of RASP. Therefore, we aimed at investigating various clinical outcomes comparing RASP with OSP.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, we evaluated clinical data from 103 RASP and 31 OSP patients. Both cohorts were compared regarding different clinical characteristics with and without propensity score matching. To detect independent predictive factors for clinical outcomes, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results
Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy patients demonstrated a lower estimated blood loss and need for postoperative blood transfusions as well as less postoperative complications. OSP had a shorter operative time (125 min vs. 182 min) longer hospital stay (11 days vs. 9 days) and longer time to catheter removal (8 days vs. 6 days). In the multivariate analysis, RASP was identified as an independent predictor for longer operative time, lower estimated blood loss, shorter length of hospital stay, shorter time to catheter removal, less postoperative complications and blood transfusions.

Conclusion
Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy is a safe alternative to OSP with less perioperative and postoperative morbidity. Whether OSP (shorter operative time) or RASP (shorter length of hospital stay) has a more favorable economic impact depends on the particular conditions of different health care systems. Further prospective comparative research is warranted to define the value of RASP in the current surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Retinal axonal degeneration in Niemann–Pick type C disease
Authors: Havla Joachim , Moser Marlene , Sztatecsny Clara , Lotz-Havla Amelie S. , Maier Esther M. , Hizli Baccara , Schinner Regina , Kümpfel Tania , Strupp Michael , Bremova-Ertl Tatiana , Schneider Susanne A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
Niemann–Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disorder presenting with a broad clinical spectrum ranging from a severe infantile-onset neurovisceral disorder to late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is established to detect retinal degeneration in vivo. We examined NPC1-patients (NPC1-P), clinically asymptomatic NPC1-mutation carriers (NPC1-MC), and healthy controls (HC) to (1) identify retinal degeneration in NPC1-disease and (2) to investigate possible subclinical retinal degeneration in NPC1-MC.

Methods
Fourteen NPC1-P, 17 NPC1-MC, and 31 age-matched HC were examined using spectral-domain OCT. Neurological examinations, clinical scales [modified Disability Rating Scale (mDRS); Scale for the Rating and Assessment of Ataxia (SARA); Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (SCAFI)], and video-oculography (VOG) were correlated with OCT data.

Results
Macular retinal nerve fiber layer and volumes of combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer were significantly lower in NPC1-P compared to HC [mRNFL (µm):0.13 ± 0.01 vs. 0.14 ± 0.02; p = 0.01; GCIPL (mm3):0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.62 ± 0.04; p = 0.04]. No significant differences were found in NPC1-MC in comparison to HC. In NPC1-P, the amplitude of upward vertical saccades showed positive associations with peripapillary RNFL (ρ = 0.645; p < 0.05), and thinned GCIP (ρ = 0.609; p < 0.05), but not in NPC1-MC. In NPC1-P correlations between combined outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer (OPONL) with mDRS (r = − 0.617; p < 0.05) and GCIP with SARA (r = − 0.622; p < 0.05) were observed. Furthermore, in NPC1-MC, motor scores were negatively associated with pRNFL (ρ = − 0.677; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Using OCT, we showed retinal degeneration in NPC1-P and significant correlation between retinal neuroaxonal degeneration with clinical measurements. We observed a non-significant trend of retinal degeneration in NPC1-MC correlating with subclinical motor abnormalities. Based on these preliminary data, OCT may be an important marker of neurodegeneration in NPC1-disease after onset of clinical symptoms.
Molecular genetic diagnostics of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: from panel design towards result interpretation in clinical practice
Authors: Butz Henriett , Nyírő Gábor , Kurucz Petra Anna , Likó István , Patócs Attila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCongenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disease. Symptoms cover a wide spectrum from mild forms to complex phenotypes due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency. To date, more than 40 genes have been identified as pathogenic cause of CHH. These genes could be grouped into two major categories: genes controlling development and GnRH neuron migration and genes being responsible for neuroendocrine regulation and GnRH neuron function. High-throughput, next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows to analyze numerous gene sequences at the same time. Nowadays, whole exome or whole genome datasets could be investigated in clinical genetic diagnostics due to their favorable cost–benefit. The increasing genetic data generated by NGS reveal novel candidate genes and gene variants with unknown significance (VUSs). To provide clinically valuable genetic results, complex clinical and bioinformatics work are needed. The multifaceted genetics of CHH, the variable mode of inheritance, the incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity and oligogenic characteristics further complicate the interpretation of the genetic variants detected. The objective of this work, apart from reviewing the currently known genes associated with CHH, was to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the NGS-based platforms and through the authors’ own practice to guide through the whole workflow starting from gene panel design, performance analysis and result interpretation. Based on our results, a genetic diagnosis was clearly identified in 21% of cases tested (8/38).
Games and cost of change
Authors: Flåm Sjur Didrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost microeconomic and game theoretic models of individual choice overlook adjustment costs. Rather often, the modeler’s concern is just with improvement of objectives. This optic doesn’t quite fit agents somewhat tied to status quo. If rational, any such agent reasons whether moving to another state be worth his while. For that, the realized gains must outweigh the inconveniences of the move. Choosing games as chief setting, this paper offers some observations as to the fact that strategy change usually entails cost.
A System of Systems of Mental Health in Cities, Digging Deep into the Origins of Complexity
Authors: Moustaid Elhabib , Kornevs Maksims , Lindencrona Fredrik , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMental health in urban environments is often treated from a healthcare provision perspective. Research in recent decades showed that mental illness in cities is a result of dysfunctional coordination between different city systems and structures. Given the nature of the city as a system of systems, this work builds through a participatory method, a general system dynamic model of factors that affect mental health in urban and regional environments. Through this method, we investigated the challenges of the application of such methodology to identify essential factors, feedback loops, and dependencies between systems to move forward in planning for mental health in cities. The outcome is a general model that showed the importance of factors that vary from individuals, families to communities and feedback loops that span multiple systems such as the city physical infrastructures, social environments, schools, labor market, and healthcare provision.