bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Perceptions of COVID-19-Related Surgical Delay: An Analysis of Patients Awaiting Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wilson Jacob M. , Schwartz Andrew M. , Grissom Helyn E. , Holmes Jeffrey S. , Farley Kevin X. , Bradbury Thomas L. , Guild George N. 
Published: September 2020

Background COVID-19 has caused unprecedented delays in elective orthopedic surgery. Understanding patients' perceptions of the disruptions in care and their willingness to reengage the healthcare system are crucial to planning the resumption of elective care. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to elicit patient perceptions about delays in total joint arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We identified a consecutive series of patients who experienced COVID-19-driven delays to scheduled total hip or knee arthroplasty at an urban, academic medical center in the Southeastern United States. A 20-item survey was administered via telephone. Answers were recorded and descriptive statistics were performed. A post hoc χ-square analysis compared characteristics and outlooks of patients who did and did not immediately desire surgery. Results Of 111 patients (64% of those identified) who met inclusion criteria and completed the survey, 96% said they felt that they were treated fairly and 90% said that the surgical delay was in their best interest; 68% reported emotional distress from the delay, but 45% reported a desire to wait longer for the pandemic to subside. Lower joint-function scores, higher pain levels, higher pain catastrophizing scores, and longer latency from personally deciding to pursue surgery were associated with the reported need for immediate surgery. Conclusion Overall, patients reported that they understood the need for elective surgical delays during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the psychological implications they reported were not negligible. Patient preference for immediate reengagement with the healthcare system was dichotomous, with many patients favoring precautionarily furthering the delay. Understanding these preferences will help optimize elective orthopedic care during unprecedented times.
Künstler in Corona-Zeiten
Authors: Möller Heidi , Rank Alina , Freese Jan 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn unserem Corona-Stream geht es in diesem Heft um die existentiell mit am härtesten getroffene Gruppe der freien Künstler/innen. Der Diskurs geht der Frage nach, wie verarbeiten Menschen, die von einem Tag auf den anderen ohne Arbeit dastehen, diese Krise? Wie sieht ihr inneres Erleben aus und welche Antworten finden sie auf die Herausforderungen der Pandemie?
Additive surface texturing of cutting tools using pulsed laser implantation with hard ceramic particles
Authors: Böhm S. , Ahsan A. , Kröger J. , Witte J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years surface texturing of the cutting tools has proved to improve tribological characteristics at tool/chip and tool/workpiece interface and help to reduce cutting and feed forces as well as tool wear. Most, if not all, of the studies have focused on subtractively made textures whereby the material is removed from the surface. This study investigates the performance of additively made surface structures whereby hard ceramic particles are dispersed in the form of dome shaped textures on the surface of the cutting tools using solid state millisecond pulsed laser (pulsed laser implantation). Dry cutting tests were performed on ductile cast iron. The results show a greater reduction of process forces with implantation of flank face as compared to rake face. Both cutting and feed forces were reduced by 10% compared to the non-structured tool. In addition, the tool life increased by a factor of 3 whereas the average flank wear reduced by as much as 80% and cutting edge rounding by up to 60%.
Fast Estimation of L1-Regularized Linear Models in the Mass-Univariate Setting
Authors: Mohr Holger , Ruge Hannes 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn certain modeling approaches, activation analyses of task-based fMRI data can involve a relatively large number of predictors. For example, in the encoding model approach, complex stimuli are represented in a high-dimensional feature space, resulting in design matrices with many predictors. Similarly, single-trial models and finite impulse response models may also encompass a large number of predictors. In settings where only few of those predictors are expected to be informative, a sparse model fit can be obtained via L1-regularization. However, estimating L1-regularized models requires an iterative fitting procedure, which considerably increases computation time compared to estimating unregularized or L2-regularized models, and complicates the application of L1-regularization on whole-brain data and large sample sizes. Here we provide several functions for estimating L1-regularized models that are optimized for the mass-univariate analysis approach. The package includes a parallel implementation of the coordinate descent algorithm for CPU-only systems and two implementations of the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm requiring a GPU device. While the core algorithms are implemented in C++/CUDA, data input/output and parameter settings can be conveniently handled via Matlab. The CPU-based implementation is highly memory-efficient and provides considerable speed-up compared to the standard implementation not optimized for the mass-univariate approach. Further acceleration can be achieved on systems equipped with a CUDA-enabled GPU. Using the fastest GPU-based implementation, computation time for whole-brain estimates can be reduced from 9 h to 5 min in an exemplary data setting. Overall, the provided package facilitates the use of L1-regularization for fMRI activation analyses and enables an efficient employment of L1-regularization on whole-brain data and large sample sizes.
Koyna-Warna Shallow Seismic Region, India: Is there Any Geomorphic Expression of Active Tectonics?
Authors: Das Sumit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the geomorphic expression of tectonic control in Koyna-Warna shallow seismic region, lying on Deccan Flood Basalt in India, by examining longitudinal profiles and morphometric parameters by using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and constrained field examinations. A total of 60 sub-catchments have been analyzed to comprehend the relative tectonic control in the study area. Sub-catchments within the study area depict channel disequilibrium through stream length-gradient index (SL) and normalized steepness index (ksn) which are ascribed to numerous transient knickpoints along the drainage profiles. The integrated analysis based on six different morphometric parameters (i.e. basin asymmetry, hypsometric integral, stream-length gradient index, valley width-to-height ratio, elongation ratio, and average normalized steepness index) demonstrates two explicit examples of high tectonics in Koyna-Warna region, are (a) between the Koyna Rift Fault Zone (KRFZ) and Patan Fault (PF); and (b) upstream region of left-hand tributaries of the Koyna river.
Community Outreach and Engagement Strategies to Address Breast Cancer Disparities
Authors: McNeill Lorna H. , Wu Ivan H. C. , Cho Dalnim , Lu Qian , Escoto Kamisha , Harris Cassandra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Breast cancer disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority women compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Community-based researchers have long sought to reduce breast cancer-related health disparities using the core principles of community outreach and engagement. The primary goal of this paper is to discuss community outreach and engagement (COE) strategies in the context of breast cancer disparities and discuss evidence-based applications of COE.

Recent Findings
Evidence-based COE to address breast cancer disparities include patient navigation, co-development of community-based interventions, advisory boards, and patient boards. Recent strategies have included partnering with the Komen Tissue Bank, the development of culturally tailored expressive writing interventions, and the formation of community scientist and community mentorship programs.

Summary
Partnering with the community across all stages of research can help eliminate breast cancer disparities. We find that community outreach and engagement can improve intervention efficacy, clinical trial retention, and community commitment. We hope that this paper will promote greater adoption of evidence-based COE strategies to help eliminate breast cancer disparities.
Addition of recyclable biochar, compost and fibre clay to the growth medium layer for the cover system of mine tailings: a bioassay in a greenhouse
Authors: Heiskanen Juha , Hagner Marleena , Ruhanen Hanna , Mäkitalo Kari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMine closures require landscape reclamation to reduce the environmental risks of tailings fields. However, information about the feasibility of recyclable waste materials as a growth medium layer for the cover systems of mine tailings and their effects on vegetation restoration and reforestation success is scant especially in the boreal climate. This study examines the use of various recyclable by-products in improving vegetation success on reclaimed mine tailings. The physical and chemical properties of two wood biochar types, fibre clay, compost, tailings soil and forest till soil as well as their effects as growth media on the growth of several plant species during one growing period in a greenhouse were examined. Marked differences in the properties (e.g. pH, element concentrations, water retention) as well as in plant growth among the growth media were found. Fresh non-oxidized tailings soil showed high salt contents and electrical conductivity which together with fine soil texture provided the poorest or nonexistent plant growth. Fibre clay was the coarsest and driest material and also showed poor plant growth. Root and shoot growth was greatest in pure compost. All media without compost additive showed relatively poor growth which indicates the lack of nitrogen. The results suggest that forest till soil and biochar are the most suitable growth media for the cover systems of mine tailings when added with compost or another nitrogen source. Scots pine container seedlings, willow cuttings and sown red clover showed to be the most feasible plant species to be grown on boreal tailings covers.
Small-scale diagenetic facies heterogeneity controls porosity and permeability pattern in reservoir sandstones
Authors: Heidsiek Matthias , Butscher Christoph , Blum Philipp , Fischer Cornelius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fluvial-aeolian Upper Rotliegend sandstones from the Bebertal outcrop (Flechtingen High, Germany) are the famous reservoir analog for the deeply buried Upper Rotliegend gas reservoirs of the Southern Permian Basin. While most diagenetic and reservoir quality investigations are conducted on a meter scale, there is an emerging consensus that significant reservoir heterogeneity is inherited from diagenetic complexity at smaller scales. In this study, we utilize information about diagenetic products and processes at the pore- and plug-scale and analyze their impact on the heterogeneity of porosity, permeability, and cement patterns. Eodiagenetic poikilitic calcite cements, illite/iron oxide grain coatings, and the amount of infiltrated clay are responsible for mm- to cm-scale reservoir heterogeneities in the Parchim formation of the Upper Rotliegend sandstones. Using the Petrel E&P software platform, spatial fluctuations and spatial variations of permeability, porosity, and calcite cements are modeled and compared, offering opportunities for predicting small-scale reservoir rock properties based on diagenetic constraints.
Groupoids and the algebra of rewriting in group presentations
Authors: Gilbert N. D. , McDougall E. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPresentations of groups by rewriting systems (that is, by monoid presentations), have been fruitfully studied by encoding the rewriting system in a 2-complex—the Squier complex—whose fundamental groupoid then describes the derivation of consequences of the rewrite rules. We describe a reduced form of the Squier complex, investigate the structure of its fundamental groupoid, and show that key properties of the presentation are still encoded in the reduced form.
New Partner, New Order? Multipartnered Fertility and Birth Order Effects on Educational Achievement
Authors: Lillehagen Mats , Isungset Martin Arstad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A substantial amount of research shows that younger siblings perform worse than their older sisters and brothers in several socioeconomic outcomes, including educational achievement. Most of these studies examined stable families and excluded half-siblings. However, the increasing prevalence of multipartnered fertility implies that many children grow up in nonnuclear families. We examine whether there is evidence for birth order effects in this context, which offers an opportunity to test and potentially expand the explanatory scope of the two main theories on birth order effects. We use comprehensive Norwegian registry data to study siblings in the 1985–1998 cohorts born to mothers or fathers who parented children with at least two partners. We provide evidence for negative effects of birth order on lower secondary school grades in both cases. Children born to fathers displaying multipartnered fertility tend to have lower grades than older full siblings but perform more similarly or better compared with older half-siblings. For siblings born to mothers with the multipartnered fertility pattern, later-born siblings do worse in school compared with all older siblings. This indicates that negative birth order effects tend to operate either within or across sets of full siblings, depending on the sex of the parent displaying multipartnered fertility. We argue that these findings can be explained by a combination of resource dilution/confluence theory and sex differences in residential arrangements following union dissolutions. We also suggest an alternative interpretation: maternal resources could be more important for generating negative birth order effects.
Citizen science breathes new life into participatory agricultural research. A review
Authors: van de Gevel Jeske , van Etten Jacob , Deterding Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParticipatory research can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and scope of research processes, and foster social inclusion, empowerment, and sustainability. Yet despite four decades of agricultural research institutions exploring and developing methods for participatory research, it has never become mainstream in the agricultural technology development cycle. Citizen science promises an innovative approach to participation in research, using the unique facilities of new digital technologies, but its potential in agricultural research participation has not been systematically probed. To this end, we conducted a critical literature review. We found that citizen science opens up four opportunities for creatively reshaping research: (i) new possibilities for interdisciplinary collaboration, (ii) rethinking configurations of socio-computational systems, (iii) research on democratization of science more broadly, and (iv) new accountabilities. Citizen science also brings a fresh perspective on the barriers to institutionalizing participation in the agricultural sciences. Specifically, we show how citizen science can reconfigure cost-motivation-accountability combinations using digital tools, open up a larger conceptual space of experimentation, and stimulate new collaborations. With appropriate and persistent institutional support and investment, citizen science can therefore have a lasting impact on how agricultural science engages with farming communities and wider society, and more fully realize the promises of participation.
“Languaging” tacit judgment in formal postgraduate assessment: the documentation of ad hoc and summative entrustment decisions
Authors: Van Enk Anneke , Ten Cate Olle 
Published: September 2020

While subjective judgment is recognized by the health professions education literature as important to assessment, it remains difficult to carve out a formally recognized role in assessment practices for personal experiences, gestalts, and gut feelings. Assessment tends to rely on documentary artefacts—like the forms, standards, and policies brought in under competency-based medical education, for example—to support accountability and fairness. But judgment is often tacit in nature and can be more challenging to surface in explicit (and particularly written) form. What is needed is a nuanced approach to the incorporation of judgment in assessment such that it is neither in danger of being suppressed by an overly rigorous insistence on documentation nor uncritically sanctioned by the defense that it resides in a black box and that we must simply trust the expertise of assessors. The concept of entrustment represents an attempt to effect such a balance within current competency frameworks by surfacing judgments about the degree of supervision learners need to care safely for patients. While there is relatively little published data about its implementation as yet, one readily manifest variation in the uptake of entrustment relates to the distinction between ad hoc and summative forms. The ways in which these forms are languaged, together with their intended purposes and guidelines for their use, point to directions for more focused empirical inquiry that can inform current and future uptake of entrustment in competency-based medical education and the responsible and meaningful inclusion of judgment in assessment more generally.
Dopamine transporter imaging in neurodegenerative movement disorders: PET vs. SPECT
Authors: Kerstens Vera S. , Varrone A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The dopamine transporter (DAT) serves as biomarker for parkinsonian syndromes. DAT can be measured in vivo with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). DAT-SPECT is the current clinical molecular imaging standard. However, PET has advantages over SPECT measurements, and PET radioligands with the necessary properties for clinical applications are on the rise. Therefore, it is time to review the role of DAT imaging with SPECT compared to PET.

Methods
PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature of the previous 10 years. Four topics for comparison were used: diagnostic accuracy, quantitative accuracy, logistics, and flexibility.

Results
There are a few studies directly comparing DAT-PET and DAT-SPECT. PET and SPECT both perform well in discriminating neurodegenerative from non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Clinical DAT-PET imaging seems feasible only recently, thanks to simplified DAT assessments and better availability of PET radioligands and systems. The higher resolution of PET makes more comprehensive assessments of disease progression in the basal ganglia possible. Additionally, it has the possibility of multimodal target assessment.

Conclusion
DAT-SPECT is established for differentiating degenerative from non-degenerative parkinsonism. For further differentiation within neurodegenerative Parkinsonian syndromes, DAT-PET has essential benefits. Nowadays, because of wider availability of PET systems and radioligand production centers, and the possibility to use simplified quantification methods, DAT-PET imaging is feasible for clinical use. Therefore, DAT-PET needs to be considered for a more active role in the clinic to take a step forward to a more comprehensive understanding and assessment of Parkinson’s disease.
Metallurgical and Technological Investigation with Experimental Archaeometallurgical Reproduction of a Lombard Bronze Buckle from North Italy
Authors: Cornacchia Giovanna , Breda Andrea , Pacini Alessandro , Roberti Roberto , Faccoli Michela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA metallurgical and technological characterization of a seventh century bronze buckle coming from the Lombard necropolis of Monte San Zeno in Montichiari (Brescia, northern Italy) was performed to understand the manufacturing techniques. At first, a careful inspection was carried out to highlight the existence of any type of details, which would indicate an intentional design activity or typical casting defects. To avoid destructive measures on the ancient artifact, the buckle was successively characterized only via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This investigation was supported by an accurate study on the chemical composition of the matrix. The results suggest that the buckle was produced by sand casting, although the use of this technique in Europe dates back to the fifteenth century. Finally, based on the results obtained, a faithful archaeometallurgical reproduction of the buckle is proposed.Graphic Abstract
First-year university students’ knowledge of academic misconduct and the association between goals for attending university and receptiveness to intervention
Authors: Locquiao Jed , Ives Bob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcademic misconduct (AM) runs rampant across higher education institutions in the US and internationally. Ample empirical research has identified myriad student variables that predict AM. However, two variables have been unexamined: the quality of conceptual knowledge university students have on AM and the relation between goals for going to university and reception to intervention on AM. Quantitative content analysis on written responses by 356 first-year university students reported surface-level knowledge of AM, frequent citation of extrinsic goals, and a lack of association between goals and receptiveness to intervention. Results corroborate prior research on university students’ limited understanding of AM. Results suggest that efforts to address AM do not need to tailor intervention components to match students’ goals for attending university.
Landscapes and Ethnicity: An Historical Archaeology of Khami-Phase Sites in Southwestern Zimbabwe
Authors: Machiridza Lesley Hatipone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous dry-stone-walled Khami-phase sites are scattered throughout southwestern Zimbabwe, their finer archaeological and historical credentials remain largely elusive. Deliberations of how several dynastic and ethnolinguistic formations that are historically linked to the rise and spread of these sites can be archaeologically defined also remain multiple and fragmentary. Correspondingly, in attempts to trace Rozvi ethnicity, a sample of three ancient Khami-phase capitals––Danamombe, Naletale, and Zinjanja––was scrutinized in the light of an agency landscape framework. For the first time, radiocarbon dates from these sites are compared with each other in order to assess the validity of oral traditions and documentary sources describing the Rozvi past.
Paths to Digital Justice: Judicial Robots, Algorithmic Decision-Making, and Due Process
Authors: RUBIM BORGES FORTES Pedro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paths to digital justice focus on the challenges of contemporary digital societies in reaching automated decision-making processes through software, algorithms, and information technology without loss of its human quality and the guarantees of due process. In this context, this article reflects on the possibilities of establishing judicial robots in substitution for human judges, by examining whether artificial intelligence and algorithms may support judicial decision-making independently and without human supervision. The point of departure for this analysis comes from the experience of criminal justice systems with software for judgment of the possibility of recidivism of criminal defendants. Algorithmic decision-making may improve the public good in support of judicial decision-making, but the analysis of current technology and our standards for due process of law recommends caution on the conclusion that robots may replace human judges and satisfy our expectations for explainability and fairness in adjudication.