bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calls to helplines in Australia following media reports of Robin Williams’ suicide
Authors: Pirkis Jane , Currier Dianne , Too Lay San , Bryant Marc , Bartlett Sara , Sinyor Mark , Spittal Matthew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the United States, there was an increase in calls to helplines following media reporting of Robin Williams’ suicide. We aimed to determine whether this was the case in Australia.MethodThe helpline services Lifeline and Beyond Blue provided us with weekly data on calls received for 2013–2015. We conducted interrupted time series regression analyses to determine whether there was an increase in the average weekly number of calls received by each helpline in two periods after the story about Williams’ suicide broke (1 week and 4 weeks).ResultsWe found strong evidence of an increase in calls to Lifeline (incidence rate ratio [IRR] =1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.02–1.25; p = 0.016) and Beyond Blue (IRR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.09–1.59; p = 0.004) in the week after Williams’ suicide was first reported. We found no evidence of higher than normal call volumes for Lifeline (IRR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.99–1.10; p = 0.104) or Beyond Blue (IRR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00–1.22; p = 0.058) over the four weeks following Williams’ death, however, suggesting that calls leveled out over this period.ConclusionSuicide prevention experts and media professionals must work together to minimize the negative impacts of reports on suicide and maximize their positive ones. In cases where the story is likely to receive extensive international coverage, it may be important for local media to encourage help‐seeking.
Absence of an aging‐related increase in fiber type grouping in athletes and non‐athletes
Authors: Messa Guy A. M. , Piasecki Mathew , Rittweger Jörn , McPhee Jamie S. , Koltai Erika , Radak Zsolt , Simunic Bostjan , Heinonen Ari , Suominen Harri , Korhonen Marko T. , Degens Hans 
Published: July 2020

The aging‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss and motor unit remodeling that result in fiber type grouping. We examined fiber type grouping in 19‐ to 85‐year‐old athletes and non‐athletes and evaluated to which extent any observed grouping is explained by the fiber type composition of the muscle. Since regular physical activity may stimulate reinnervation, we hypothesized that fiber groups are larger in master athletes than in age‐matched non‐athletes. Fiber type grouping was assessed in m. vastus lateralis biopsies from 22 young (19‐27 years) and 35 healthy older (66‐82 years) non‐athletes, and 14 young (20‐29 years), 51 middle‐aged (38‐65 years), and 31 older (66‐85 years) athletes. An “enclosed fiber” was any muscle fiber of a particular type surrounded by fibers of the same type only. A fiber type group was defined as a group of fibers with at least one enclosed fiber. Only type II fiber cross‐sectional area (FCSA) showed an age‐related decline that was greater in athletes (P < .001) than in non‐athletes (P = .012). There was no significant age‐related effect on fiber group size or fiber group number in athletes or non‐athletes, and the observed grouping was similar to that expected from the fiber type composition. At face value, these observations do 1) neither show evidence for an age‐related loss and remodeling of motor units nor 2) improved reinnervation with regular physical activity, but 3) histological examination may not reveal the full extent of aging‐related motor unit remodeling.
The Dual Identity of Asian Americans
Authors: Lu Fan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis article investigates whether gains in ethnic identity reduce pan‐ethnic identity among Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPI).MethodsOrdered logit regression using data from the 2016 National Asian American Survey (NAAS).ResultsGains in ethnic identity do not reduce pan‐ethnic identity among AAPI. As importance of ethnic identity moves from “not at all” to “extremely,” log odds of reporting higher levels of pan‐Asian identity are about three to four times higher. Furthermore, AAPI who value both ethnic and pan‐Asian identities show similar support for AAPI political candidates as those who identify in only ethnic or only pan‐Asian terms.ConclusionIdentity politics and disaggregated AAPI data are not inherently divisive.
Analysis of Youths’ Perspective in India On and During the Pandemic of COVID‐19
Authors: Basu Aman , Roy Ajishnu , Hazra Amit Kumar , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIn this COVID‐19 pandemic, there are not many sound studies focusing on the extensive socioeconomic impact ushered in with this disaster. This work aims to understand the thought of the youth, their opinions and understanding of various aspects of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodologyUsing a combined qualitative–quantitative approach, Q‐method, we tried to assess people's discernment from different perspectives. This was done through a questionnaire survey method during the national‐level lockdown 1.0 in India.ResultsWe have differentiated the perceptions of youth respondents into seven factors, including six subdimensions, on COVID‐19 pandemic (viz., science, society, environment, economy, politics, and religion). The choices and opinions have been segregated into two major groups: quantitative and qualitative.ConclusionThis work yielded a firsthand ground‐level insight into the comprehensive yet diverse responses from youths regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. There are various topics that arise from this study, for example, misinformation, misinterpretation of science, dubious nature of faith in governance and policy, turbid understanding of strategy, polarization of opinion, and so forth. Following this work of identification, the next steps would be to understand how to mitigate the problems toward betterment in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation or similar widespread crisis events in the foreseeable future.
Ethnic Cues, Latino Skin Tone, and Voter Preferences: An Experimental Test
Authors: Anderson Ben , Bird Garrett , Kornrumpf Richard , Macaluso Maria , Mundkur Natasha , Swingholm Madison , Gainous Jason 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveResearch suggests that voters rely on cognitive heuristics to simplify the evaluative process. Such heuristics include candidate race and other visible characteristics. We set out to test whether Americans use Latino ethnicity as a heuristic to evaluate candidates, and whether the darkness of Latino candidates’ skin tone influences these judgments. Finally, we examine individual‐level partisan differences in the application of these heuristics.MethodsWe leverage a large sample posttest experimental design that manipulates candidate ethnicity and skin tone.ResultsSome respondents in our sample clearly use ethnicity as a heuristic but skin tone does not seem to matter. Democrats evaluated Latino candidates, regardless of skin tone, more positively than they did a white candidate. Republicans seemed immune to ethnic cues or skin tone.ConclusionThese results shed light on how Latino ethnicity shapes voter preferences, but these tests need to be extended to cross‐sectional data.
The economic benefits of trade facilitation: U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s Centers of Excellence and Expertise programme
Authors: Roberts Bryan , Prager Fynnwin , Baschnagel Charles , Rose Adam , Shears Brett 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the impacts of the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Center of Excellence and Expertise (CEE) Program on the U.S. trade community. CBP established ten CEEs in order to facilitate trade by removing non‐tariff barriers. CEEs process importers at “virtual” centres as opposed to individual ports of entry, and they are specialised according to particular sectors. CEEs were anticipated to use government resources more efficiently, reduce paperwork, improve information flows and contribute towards a single window for documenting trade. We use difference‐in‐difference (DID) analysis of CBP administrative data to identify the impacts of importer membership in a CEE on key outcomes, including import shipment examination rates and form filings. We also use survey‐generated data on importer administrative and business costs in order to monetise the value of impacts. These data reveal that the cost to importers of having a shipment examined at a port is roughly ten to twenty times higher than the cost of importers having to file a form with a CEE. Estimated impact results suggest that two of the ten CEEs‐‐Electronics and Automotive‐‐had a statistically significant negative impact on examination rates. We review the reasons for these results, which underscore the need when doing an impact analysis for careful understanding of the underlying data and processes involved in order to develop and explain impact results. For the two CEEs that had significant impacts on import examinations, we quantify the monetary value of these impacts and estimate that they saved their members roughly $1 million in trade examination costs in FY 2014. We also estimate that expanding membership to cover more importers could yield savings of between $7 million and $18 million annually. Finally, we find that CBP could redirect approximately 9,000 import examinations and 7,000 form filings from lower‐risk CEE importers to higher‐risk importers, possibly increasing trade‐enforcement effectiveness.
Clinical evaluation of hyperimmune plasma for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Acciacca Rachel A. , Sullivan Lauren A. , Webb Tracy L. , Johnson Valerie , Dow Steven W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single infusion of hyperimmune plasma (HIP) in dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV).DesignProspective, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with naturally occurring CPV.InterventionsDogs presenting for CPV treatment (n = 31) underwent cardiovascular resuscitation and were randomized to receive a single dose of either HIP (10 mL/kg IV) or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride [10 mL/kg IV]) during the first 6 hours of hospitalization. All dogs were treated with a standardized treatment protocol (IV fluid therapy [120 mL/kg/d isotonic crystalloids], cefoxitin [30 mg/kg IV q 8 h], maropitant [1 mg/kg IV q 24 h], and buprenorphine [0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV q 8 h]) until hospital discharge.Measurements and main resultsDogs treated with HIP (n = 16) demonstrated a lower shock index at 24 hours (median = 0.77, range: 0.5–1.5) than those treated with placebo (n = 15, median = 1.34, range: 0.5–1.7;P = 0.02). Plasma lactate concentration was lower at 24 hours in HIP‐treated dogs (median = 1.3 mmol/L, range: 0.9–3.4 mmol/L) than in placebo‐treated dogs (median = 2.1 mmol/L, range: 1.1–3.4 mmol/L;P = 0.01). There was no difference in duration of hospitalization when comparing HIP‐treated dogs (median = 3.2 days, range: 0.83–10 days) to placebo‐treated dogs (median = 2.83 days, range: 1–8.38 days;P = 0.35). Survival was 16 of 16 (100%) for the HIP group and 14 of 15 (93.3%) for the placebo group (P = 0.32).ConclusionsHIP at 10 mL/kg IV administered to dogs with CPV within the first 6 hours of hospitalization improves markers of shock during the initial 24 hours of hospitalization. No effects were observed on duration of hospitalization or mortality; however, this study was underpowered to evaluate these effects. HIP was well tolerated in this population of critically ill dogs.
A 28S rDNA‐based phylogeny of the nematode family Acuariidae (Spirurida) parasitic in vertebrates
Authors: Mutafchiev Yasen , Georgiev Boyko B. , Mariaux Jean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of nematodes of the family Acuariidae using partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) sequences of 15 genera represented by 18 species. The results confirmed the monophyly of the family Acuariidae and supported its close relationship with nematodes of the family Cystidicolidae. Two major clades were revealed within Acuariidae, one represented by nematodes of the subfamily Schistorophinae and another composed of members of the subfamilies Acuariinae and Seuratiinae. The collarette was shown to be a structure that arose several times within the clade Acuariinae–Seuratiinae. As a result, we suggest the suppression of the subfamily Seuratiinae and inclusion of its genera within the subfamily Acuariinae. Morphological characters, host ranges and life cycles of the taxa included in the analyses are discussed as well as the possible relationships of remaining acuariid genera within the revealed subclades. Additionally, we propose an amended generic diagnosis of Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 to accommodate Syncuaria sagittata (Rudolphi, 1809) n. comb. and Syncuaria longevaginata (Molin, 1860) Skrjabin, Sobolev, & Ivashkin, 1965. New host and geographic records are also presented.
Effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation on haemodynamics during hypoxic stress in rats
Authors: Ji Qiaorong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Huan , Liu Jie , Cao Chengzhu , Yuan Zhouyang , Ma Qianqian , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The acute hypoxic compensatory reaction is based on haemodynamic changes, and β‐adrenoceptors are involved in haemodynamic regulation. What is the role of β‐adrenoceptors in haemodynamics during hypoxic exposure?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Activation of β2‐adrenoceptors attenuates the increase in pulmonary artery pressure during hypoxic exposure. This compensatory reaction activated by β2‐adrenoceptors during hypoxic stress is very important to maintain the activities of normal life.

AbstractThe acute hypoxic compensatory reaction is accompanied by haemodynamic changes. We monitored the haemodynamic changes in rats undergoing acute hypoxic stress and applied antagonists of β‐adrenoceptor (β‐ARs) subtypes to reveal the regulatory role of β‐ARs on haemodynamics. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, atenolol (β1‐AR antagonist), ICI 118,551 (β2‐AR antagonist) and propranolol (non‐selective β‐AR antagonist) groups. Rats were continuously recorded for changes in haemodynamic indexes for 10 min after administration. Then, a hypoxic ventilation experiment [15% O2, 2200 m a.sl., 582 mmHg (0.765 Pa), 87.3 mmHg; Xining, China] was conducted, and the indexes were monitored for 5 min after induction of hypoxia. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were also measured. We found that, during normoxia, the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, ascending aortic blood flow and pulmonary artery pressure were reduced in the propranolol and atenolol groups. Catecholamine concentrations were increased significantly in the atenolol group compared with the control group. During hypoxia, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were decreased in the control, propranolol and ICI 118,551 groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were increased in the propranolol and ICI 118,551 groups. During hypoxia, catecholamine concentrations were increased significantly in the control group, but decreased in β‐AR antagonist groups. In conclusion, the β2‐AR is involved in regulation of pulmonary haemodynamics in the acute hypoxic compensatory reaction, and the activation of β2‐ARs attenuates the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxic stress. This compensatory reaction activated by β2‐ARs during hypoxic stress is very important to maintain activities of normal life.
A Thesis Proposal Development Course for Engineering Graduate Students
Authors: Tanaka Martin L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Helping engineering graduate students to write their thesis can be a difficult and time-consuming undertaking for a thesis advisor. Efficiency can be gained by having an experienced graduate student thesis advisor help multiple students at the same time. This article describes the philosophy, methods, and course design details used to develop and conduct a graduate level course on “thesis proposal development” for engineering students. The course provides structure to encourage students to engage in research and write their thesis proposal. The thesis proposal contains the student's detailed research plans and serves as the foundation for the student's final thesis. Each element of the course is described in detail with enough information that readers can implement the course at their own institution using this article as a guide. It includes detailed descriptions of individual assignments, reasons for including the assignment in the course, and Supplemental Material on the ASME Digital Collection which is downloadable from the journal. Since implementing this at our university, we have observed improvements in graduate student research projects, better written theses, and earlier thesis defense dates. The changes were implemented without altering the number of credit hours needed to graduate and we believe that the change has been beneficial.
Psychiatric comorbidity is common in dystonia and other movement disorders
Authors: Lorentzos Michelle S , Heyman Isobel , Baig Benjamin J , Coughtrey Anna E , McWilliams Andrew , Dossetor David R , Waugh Mary-Clare , Evans Ruth A , Hollywood Josie , Burns Joshua , Menezes Manoj P , Mohammad Shekeeb S , Grattan-Smith Padraig , Gorman Kathleen M , Crowe Belinda H A , Goodman Robert , Kurian Manju A , Dale Russell C 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine rates of psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of childhood movement disorders (MDs).DesignCohort study.SettingTertiary children’s hospital MD clinics in Sydney, Australia and London, UK.PatientsCases were children with tic MDs (n=158) and non-tic MDs (n=102), including 66 children with dystonia. Comparison was made with emergency department controls (n=100), neurology controls with peripheral neuropathy or epilepsy (n=37), and community controls (n=10 438).InterventionsOn-line development and well-being assessment which was additionally clinically rated by experienced child psychiatrists.Main outcome measuresDiagnostic schedule and manual of mental disorders-5 criteria for psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsPsychiatric comorbidity in the non-tic MD cohort (39.2%) was comparable to the tic cohort (41.8%) (not significant). Psychiatric comorbidity in the non-tic MD cohort was greater than the emergency control group (18%, p<0.0001) and the community cohort (9.5%, p<0.00001), but not the neurology controls (29.7%, p=0.31). Almost half of the patients within the tic cohort with psychiatric comorbidity were receiving medical psychiatric treatment (45.5%) or psychology interventions (43.9%), compared with only 22.5% and 15.0%, respectively, of the non-tic MD cohort with psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionsPsychiatric comorbidity is common in non-tic MDs such as dystonia. These psychiatric comorbidities appear to be under-recognised and undertreated.
Assessing guideline adherence in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Australian children: a population-based sample survey
Authors: McGee Richard G , Cowell Chris T , Arnolda Gaston , Ting Hsuen P , Hibbert Peter , Dowton S Bruce , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo estimate adherence to clinical practice guidelines in selected settings at a population level for Australian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsMedical records of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 0–15 years in 2012–2013 were targeted for sampling across inpatient, emergency department and community visits with specialist pediatricians in regional and metropolitan areas and tertiary pediatric hospitals in three states where approximately 60% of Australian children reside. Clinical recommendations extracted from two clinical practice guidelines were used to audit adherence. Results were aggregated across types of care (diagnosis, routine care, emergency care).ResultsSurveyors conducted 6346 indicator assessments from an audit of 539 healthcare visits by 251 children. Average adherence across all indicators was estimated at 79.9% (95% CI 69.5 to 88.0). Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus have higher rates of behavioral and psychological disorders, but only a third of children (37.9%; 95% CI 11.7 to 70.7) with suboptimal glycemic control (eg, hemoglobin A1c >10% or 86 mmol/mol) were screened for psychological disorders using a validated tool; this was the only indicator with <50% estimated adherence. Adherence by care type was: 86.1% for diagnosis (95% CI 76.7 to 92.7); 78.8% for routine care (95% CI 65.4 to 88.9) and 83.9% for emergency care (95% CI 78.4 to 88.5).ConclusionsMost indicators for care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were adhered to. However, there remains room to improve adherence to guidelines for optimization of practice consistency and minimization of future disease burden.
Association between compliance with quality indicators and hospitalisation expenses in patients with heart failure: a retrospective study using quantile regression model in China
Authors: Fu Rong , Feng Shaodan , Wu Yilong , He Fei , Lin Zheng , Jiang Yixian , Hu Zhijian 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the association between compliance with quality indicators and hospitalisation expenses in patients with heart failure.DesignGeneralised linear model and quantile regression model were used to examine the association between compliance with five quality indicators and hospitalisation expenses.SettingGrade A hospital in Fujian Province, China.ParticipantsData on 2568 heart failure admissions between 2010 and 2015 were analysed.ResultsThe median (IQR) of hospitalisation expenses of 2568 patients was ¥10.9 (¥6.9–¥31.6) thousand. The rates of compliance with five quality indicators were 90.3% for evaluation of left ventricular function, 43.8% for diuretics, 62.0% for ACE inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), 67.4% for beta-blockers, and 58.9% for aldosterone receptor antagonists. After adjustment for gender, age, residence, method of payment, number of diseases before admission, number of diseases at admission, number of emergency treatments during hospital stay and length of stay, patients who received evaluation for left ventricular function, diuretics, or ACEI or ARB had lower hospitalisation expenses, and patients who received beta-blockers had higher hospitalisation expenses, compared with their counterparts in generalised linear models. Differences in hospitalisation expenses between compliance and non-compliance with quality indicators became larger across quantile levels of hospitalisation expenses, and were found to be statistically significant when quantile level exceeded 0.80 (¥39.7 thousand) in quantile regression models.ConclusionsThe quality of care for patients with heart failure was below the target level. There was a negative relationship between compliance with quality indicators and hospitalisation expenses at the extreme quantile of expenses. More attention should be given to patients who may experience extreme expenses, and effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of care they receive.