bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agency in the Ricean Vampire's Compulsion to Feed
Authors: Davidel Laura 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This essay aims to provide a conceptualization of monstrosity in the case of Anne Rice's vampire archetype, not as effaced or eroded by humanity but performed under the pressure of a so-called morality compass. Through the treatment of agency in contrast with a determinist compulsive thirst, we can understand the vampire as a social creature that needs humanity both as an antithetical point of reference for its otherness, and as a goal in order to achieve reaggregation in the mortal world. By relying on Judith Butler's model of agency presented in her theories of gender identity as performative, on Sigmund Freud's theories regarding the compulsion to repeat, and finally on Brooke Kroeger's concept of passing, I propose an analysis of Rice's vampires as creatures endowed with an agentic power that stems from the struggle of performing the compulsive monstrous acts in a way that would somehow appease their guilty consciousness. I will explore the various modes in which vampires present their agentic power, namely the alternative modes of feeding, the choice of humans to transform, or the vampires' struggle to pass for humans as acts that, although monstrous, bypass the vampires' moral compass.
Molecular phylogeny and intraspecific differentiation of the Trapelus agilis species complex in Iran (Squamata: Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: Shahamat Ali-Asghar , Rastegarpouyani Eskandar , Rastegar-Pouyani Nasrullah , Hosseinian Yousefkhani Seyyed Saeed , Wink Michael 
Published: February 2020

Background
Trapelus agilis consists of different morphotypes with restricted distributions in the Iranian Plateau. The phylogeny of the species complex has not been resolved so far, but recently Trapelus sanguinolentus were elevated from this complex into a full species. Other populations of the species complex need to be evaluated taxonomically.

Methods
In the present study, several populations of this species complex along with specimens of its closely related taxa in Iran, T. sanguinolentus, T. ruderatus and T. persicus, were examined using partial nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial genes (cytb and ND2) (total length 1,322 bp).

Result
Populations of T. sanguinolentus clustered within the T. agilis species complex, thus indicating its paraphyly, but T. sanguinolentus was previously determined to be a species based on morphological features. The T. agilis species complex forms two distinct major clades, each of which is represented by several local populations on the Iranian Plateau. At least five distinct taxa can be identified within this traditional group. Our biogeographic evaluation of the molecular dataset suggested that the Trapelus complex originated in the Late Oligocene (30 mya) and subsequently diversified during the early to middle Miocene (22–13 mya). At first, the predominantly western clade of Trapelus ruderatus diverged from the other clades (22 mya). Afterward, Trapelus persicus diverged around 18 mya ago. The broader T. agilis complex started to diverge about 16 mya, forming several clades on the Iranian Plateau and in Central Asia. The different lineages within this species complex appear to be the result of vicariance events and dispersal waives. The corresponding vicariance events are the formation of the Zagros and Kopet Dagh basins (16–14 mya), and consequently, the aridification of the Iranian Plateau in the late Miocene (11–6 Mya).
DISNET: a framework for extracting phenotypic disease information from public sources
Authors: Lagunes-García Gerardo , Rodríguez-González Alejandro , Prieto-Santamaría Lucía , García del Valle Eduardo P. , Zanin Massimiliano , Menasalvas-Ruiz Ernestina 
Published: February 2020

Background
Within the global endeavour of improving population health, one major challenge is the identification and integration of medical knowledge spread through several information sources. The creation of a comprehensive dataset of diseases and their clinical manifestations based on information from public sources is an interesting approach that allows one not only to complement and merge medical knowledge but also to increase it and thereby to interconnect existing data and analyse and relate diseases to each other. In this paper, we present DISNET (http://disnet.ctb.upm.es/), a web-based system designed to periodically extract the knowledge from signs and symptoms retrieved from medical databases, and to enable the creation of customisable disease networks.

Methods
We here present the main features of the DISNET system. We describe how information on diseases and their phenotypic manifestations is extracted from Wikipedia and PubMed websites; specifically, texts from these sources are processed through a combination of text mining and natural language processing techniques.

Results
We further present the validation of our system on Wikipedia and PubMed texts, obtaining the relevant accuracy. The final output includes the creation of a comprehensive symptoms-disease dataset, shared (free access) through the system’s API. We finally describe, with some simple use cases, how a user can interact with it and extract information that could be used for subsequent analyses.

Discussion
DISNET allows retrieving knowledge about the signs, symptoms and diagnostic tests associated with a disease. It is not limited to a specific category (all the categories that the selected sources of information offer us) and clinical diagnosis terms. It further allows to track the evolution of those terms through time, being thus an opportunity to analyse and observe the progress of human knowledge on diseases. We further discussed the validation of the system, suggesting that it is good enough to be used to extract diseases and diagnostically-relevant terms. At the same time, the evaluation also revealed that improvements could be introduced to enhance the system’s reliability.
Investigating the potential use of Sentinel-1 data for monitoring wetland water level changes in China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve
Authors: Chen Yueqing , Qiao Sijia , Zhang Guangxin , Xu Y. Jun , Chen Liwen , Wu Lili 
Published: February 2020

Background
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become a promising technique for monitoring wetland water levels. However, its capability in monitoring wetland water level changes with Sentine-1 data has not yet been thoroughly investigated.

Methods
In this study, we produced a multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-band VV-polarized SAR backscatter images and generated a total of 28 interferometric coherence maps for marsh wetlands of China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve to investigate the interferometric coherence level of Sentinel-1 C-VV data as a function of perpendicular and temporal baseline, water depth, and SAR backscattering intensity. We also selected six interferogram pairs acquired within 24 days for quantitative analysis of the accuracy of water level changes monitored by Sentinel-1 InSAR. The accuracy of water level changes determined through the Sentinel-1 InSAR technique was calibrated by the values of six field water level loggers.

Results
Our study showed that (1) the coherence was mainly dependent on the temporal baseline and was little affected by the perpendicular baseline for Sentinel-1 C-VV data in marsh wetlands; (2) in the early stage of a growing season, a clear negative correlation was found between Sentinel-1 coherence and water depth; (3) there was an almost linear negative correlation between Sentinel-1 C-VV coherence and backscatter for the marsh wetlands; (4) once the coherence exceeds a threshold of 0.3, the stage during the growing season, rather than the coherence, appeared to be the primary factor determining the quality of the interferogram for the marsh wetlands, even though the quality of the interferogram largely depends on the coherence; (5) the results of water level changes from InSAR processing show no agreement with in-situ measurements during most growth stages. Based on the findings, we can conclude that although the interferometric coherence of the Sentinel-1 C-VV data is high enough, the data is generally unsuitable for monitoring water level changes in marsh wetlands of China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve.
Pattern of Dental Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hasan Hasan Sabah , Kolemen Ayshan 
Published: February 2020

Aim: Aims of this study were to assess the pattern of malocclusion in Erbil City, Kurdistan region- Iraq.
Methods: A retrospective study includes 1212 patients (589 males and 623 females) that attended orthodontic department at the khanzad polyclinic teaching center / Erbil city, Iraq, aged 11-17 years old with a mean age of 13.49 ±1.02 years that randomly selected. The normal occlusion, malocclusion, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, cross bite, midline shifting and midline diastema were examined.
Results: Study demonstrated that 309 (25.5%) of patients had normal occlusion. Class I malocclusion was found in 655 (72.5%), class II was found in 176 (19.5%), and class III malocclusion 72 (8.0%) patients of all examined. Crowding and midline shifting were observed more frequently in females, however, normal bite and posterior open bite were observed more frequently in males and normal crossbite more frequently in both genders.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed class I molar relationship was the most prevalent type of occlusion in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq area and the most prevalent malocclusion was crowded.
Thirty Years of Genome Engineering in Rice: From Gene Addition to Gene Editing
Authors: Meynard Donaldo , Vernet Aurore , Meunier Anne‐Cécile , Mieulet Delphine , Bès Martine , Portefaix Murielle , Breitler Jean‐Christophe , Périn Christophe , Guiderdoni Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRice, the staple food for more than half of humankind and the model monocot crop, was the first cereal in which efficient gene transfer procedures were implemented: 30 years ago, the first transgenic rice plant was regenerated following direct gene transfer to cell suspension‐derived protoplasts. Shortly thereafter, transgenic plants were regenerated from zygotic embryo‐derived cells following their subjection to micro‐projectile acceleration andAgrobacterium‐mediated transfection treatments. The high efficiency of transfer deoxyribonucleic acid (T‐DNA) integration in seed embryo‐derived cells of rice has allowed the transfer of genes of agronomical relevance and the generation of large collections of insertion lines and has provided a key contribution to deciphering the function of more than 2000 rice genes. The high efficiency of T‐DNA integration in seed embryo‐derived cells of rice also permitted the first implementation of gene targeting and knock‐in (KI) events, relying on the albeit very low natural frequency of homology‐directed repair (HDR) in the rice genome. In the late 2000s, the advent of site‐directed nucleases (SDNs) that induce either single or double‐strand breaks at a high frequency and their rapid application to rice permitted routine targeted mutagenesis, which can be multiplexed to simultaneously alter several targets or create deletions, and base and gene editing (e.g. correction of amino acids). Currently, the challenge remains to attain a high frequency of KI and replacement of long stretches of DNA for protein domain or coding sequence swapping. We present herein a historical perspective of the advances that have been readily implemented to determine the function of rice genes and to manipulate traits of agronomical relevance. Two main bottlenecks remain to be alleviated in rice genomic engineering: the low frequency of HDR and the genotype dependence of gene transfer efficiency. Alleviation of these bottlenecks is needed to reach the potential of intra‐ and interspecific gene replacement and SDN‐mediated multiplex editing of alleles in elite materials, which will assist in the breeding and deployment of rice cultivars embedded in sustainable and climate‐smart agricultural practices.
A Polyallylamine Anchored Amine‐Rich Laser‐Ablated Graphene Platform for Facile and Highly Selective Electrochemical IgG Biomarker Detection
Authors: Barman Sharat Chandra , Zahed Md. Abu , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Ko Seok Gyu , Yoon Hyosang , Nah Joong San , Xuan Xing , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent immunosensors have an insufficient number of binding sites for the recognition of biomolecules, which leads to false positive or negative results. In this research, a facile, cost‐effective, disposable, and highly selective electrochemical immunosensing platform is developed based on cationic polyelectrolyte polyallylamine (PAAMI) anchored laser‐ablated graphene (LAG). Here, for the first time, PAAMI is introduced to stabilize LAG flakes, while retaining the intrinsic thermal and electronic properties of the substrate by noncovalent π–π interaction and electrostatic physical absorption. The sensing platform offers a suitable number of anchoring sites for the immobilized antibodies by providing NH2 functional groups. The proper grafting of PAAMI is confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The immunosensing platform is applied to detect immunoglobulin (IgG) biomarkers as a proof of concept. Under optimized conditions, the sensing platform exhibits a linear range of 0.012–15 and 15–352 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 6 pg mL−1 for IgG detection with high selectivity. Based on the analysis, the developed immunosensing platform can be used for point‐of‐care detection of IgG in clinical diagnostic centers. Furthermore, the developed strategy is well suited for the detection of other cancer biomarkers after immobilizing the relevant antibodies.
Thermally Induced Flexo‐Type Effects in Nanopatterned Multiferroic Layers
Authors: Cai Ronggang , Antohe Vlad‐Andrei , Nysten Bernard , Piraux Luc , Jonas Alain M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe difficulty to generate and control large strain gradients in materials hinders the investigation and application of flexoelectricity and flexomagnetism. This work demonstrates that thermal expansion can be used to induce very large non‐uniform strains at the nanoscale, resulting in giant strain gradients at moderate temperatures. This is demonstrated in a nanopatterned multiferroic hybrid layer consisting of a regular array of ferromagnetic metallic nanocylinders embedded in a ferroelectric polymer matrix. The thermally‐induced strain gradients can fully depolarize the ferroelectric component, and modify the magnetization of the ferromagnetic component via flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects, respectively. Finite‐element analysis provides a quantitative view on thermal expansion‐induced strains and strain gradients supporting the experimental findings. This work shows that nanoscale thermal strain engineering provides an additional degree of freedom to control electrical polarization and magnetization, which paves the way for the design and operation of novel functional devices and nanostructures.
Dual‐Guest Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 for 3D Printing White Light‐Emitting Composites
Authors: Chaudhari Abhijeet K. , Tan Jin‐Chong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) stand as a promising chemically active host scaffold for the encapsulation of functional guests, because they could enhance luminescent properties by molecular separation of fluorophores in the nanoscale pores of the MOF crystals. Herein, simultaneous nanoconfinement of two fluorophores is shown, namely, A) fluorescein and B) rhodamine B in the sodalite cages of ZIF‐8, constructed under ambient conditions through a simple one‐pot reaction. A novel Dual‐Guest@MOF system is reported, termed: A+B@ZIF‐8, which overcomes the intrinsic problem of aggregation‐caused quenching in the solid state to gain bright yellow emission under UV irradiation. Subsequently, this yellow emitter is combined with a blue‐emitting photopolymer resin, to yield a 3D printable luminescent composite material. A number of 3D printable composite objects for converting UV into warm white light emission are designed, achieving a high quantum yield of ≈44% in the solid state 3D printed form. This research instigates the bespoke application of a vast range of 3D printable Guest@MOF designer composites targeting energy‐saving lighting devices, smart sensors, and future optoelectronics.
Improving Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2NaBiCl6 Nanocrystal Optical Properties via Ion Doping
Authors: Yao Ming‐Ming , Wang Li , Yao Ji‐Song , Wang Kun‐Hua , Chen Chen , Zhu Bai‐Sheng , Yang Jun‐Nan , Wang Jing‐Jing , Xu Wei‐Ping , Zhang Qun , Yao Hong‐Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe exploration of lead‐free halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with intriguing optical properties is highly desirable owing to the toxicity and instability of lead halide perovskite NCs. Here, a new kind of uniform lead‐free double perovskite Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs are reported as versatile hosts to accommodate ionic dopants for improving optical properties especially the photoluminescence (PL). In contrast to the low deep‐blue PL with a quantum yield of only 1.7% of the as‐synthesized pristine Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs, the PL of the Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs can be impressively regulated and enhanced via doping Ag+, Mn2+, or Eu3+ ions in the double perovskite lattices. The femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy is adopted to unravel the PL enhancement mechanism of the ion doping in the Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs. For the Ag+‐doping, the excitonic absorption energy of the Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs can be tuned from 3.82 to 3.48 eV with the significant improvement of the PL quantum yield (PLQY) from 1.7% to 20%. The Mn2+‐doped Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs show broad orange–red emission peak centered at 585 nm with a PLQY of 3%, owing to the 4T1→6A1 transition of octahedrally coordinated Mn2+. Eu3+‐doped Cs2NaBiCl6 NCs are endowed with strong Eu3+5D0→7FJ (J = 1, 2) orange–red emission at 591 and 615 nm.
Azobenzene Sulphonic Dye Photoalignment as a Means to Fabricate Liquid Crystalline Conjugated Polymer Chain‐Orientation‐Based Optical Structures
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Ma Lingling , Zhang Qian , Shi Yuping , Fang Yueting , Xia Ruidong , Hu Wei , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of a noncontact photoalignment method to fabricate in‐plane optical structures, defined by the local uniaxial ordering of liquid crystalline conjugated polymer chains, is reported. Molecular orientation is demonstrated for both green‐light‐emitting fluorene‐benzothiadiazole alternating copolymer F8BT and F8BT/red light emitting complex copolymer Red‐F binary blend films deposited on a well‐known azobenzene sulphonic dye photoalignment material SD1. Absorption anisotropy ratios of up to 9.7 are readily achieved for 150 nm thickness F8BT films. Spatial pattern definition, afforded by masking the UV polarized light exposure of the photoalignment layer, allows the fabrication of optical structures with a resolution down to the micron scale. The alignment process is further extended to enable the serial, independent orientation of films deposited on top of each other and to permit the molecular orientation to follow curvilinear patterns. In the former case, this allows F8BT bilayer structures to be fabricated that show even higher absorption anisotropy ratios, up to ≈12, close to the theoretical limit for the previously deduced ≈22° optical transition dipole moment angle relative to the chain axis.
All‐Inorganic Transparent Composite Materials for Optical Limiting
Authors: Feng Xu , Shi Zhuo , Chen Jiejie , Yu Tao , Jiang Xiaofang , Du Guanxin , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonlinear optical limiting, which enables dynamic radiation filtration, has important implications for photonics, medicine, and advanced manufacturing. A major challenge is the scalable fabrication of all‐inorganic materials with good stability, high optical quality, and excellent optical limiting performance. Herein, a topological engineering strategy is presented for constructing all‐inorganic composite titanate glass with robust performance in optical radiation control. Notably, the rational control of the topological configuration of highly polarized species and their local organization leads to the considerable enhancement of two‐photon absorption coefficients (≈7 times). Mechanical response can also be improved with an estimated elastic modulus and hardness of 10.5 and 115.4 GPa, respectively. This improvement allows the creation of novel all‐inorganic composite materials with excellent ability for dynamic optical radiation filtration. Results suggest that the proposed topological engineering strategy for constructing titanate glass can be extended to other highly polarized glass systems to develop a new generation of nonlinear photonic materials.
Comparative Study of the Biphasic Behavior of Cyanex301 and Its Two Analogs by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Qin , Xia Miaoren , Liu Ziyi , Song Yu‐Fei , Chai Zhifang , Wang Dongqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCyanex301 is considered as an important extractant in liquid–liquid extraction, while its dynamics in condensed phase remains unclear. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, the biphasic behavior of Cyanex301 in water–toluene binary solvents is addressed and compared to that of its two analogs, Cyanex272 and Cyanex302. The simulations shows that deprotonated ligands retard the de‐mixing of the binary solvents compared to their neutral counterparts, but display higher surface activity, and assemble in a more orderly manner at the interface. Increasing their concentrations results in the formation of microtubule‐like structures to maximize their contact with aqueous phase, which is not observed for their native states. The presence of counterion Na+ “salts out” ligands and enhances their distribution at the interface. This work complements experimental studies of the ligands with details of their conformations and distributions at the molecular level, and is expected to contribute to the extensive development of their applications in hydrometallurgy.
Li‐Ion Doping as a Strategy to Modulate the Electrical‐Double‐Layer for Improved Memory and Learning Behavior of Synapse Transistor Based on Fully Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed In2O3/AlLiO Film
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Dongliang , Yang Yaohua , Zhou Youhang , Chen Qi , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeuromorphic computing systems shows great potential for use in artificial intelligence. In this field, the simulation of synaptic behavior by electronic devices is considered as the first step for hardware implementation. However, solid‐state oxide synapse transistors still remain largely unexplored. An environmentally friendly aqueous route is adopted for oxide film fabrication. Li is doped in Al2O3 to promote the formation of electrical double layers (EDLs). An aqueous‐solution‐processed In2O3/AlLiO thin‐film transistor is fabricated and exhibits excellent electrical performance with a μ of 24.53 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a small VTH of 0.63 V. The device shows excellent short‐term memory (STM) and long‐term memory (LTM) characteristic response to electrical stimulus. By modulating the presynaptic pulse, the device exhibits a large change in synaptic weight (the maximum value of Δw is larger than 1000%). Conversion from STM to LTM is successfully stimulated. After repeated stimulation, the excitatory synaptic current (EPSC) can maintain a high‐level state for more than 100 s. Addtionally, high‐pass filtering and dynamic filtering characteristics are achieved and studied. Finally, Pavlov's dog experiments are conducted with this device to emulate the behavior of associative learning.