bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MELALUI ROLE PLAY PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Fitriyani Citra , Kamsiyati Siti , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma 
Published: January 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara melalui metode role play. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun dengan jumlah 32 anak yang terdiri dari 16 anak perempuan dan 16 anak laki-laki. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unjuk kerja, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui metode role play, anak dapat menyusun kalimat sederhana dalam struktur lengkap, mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang lebih kompleks. Hasil keseluruhan peningkatan persentase setelah diterapkan metode role play, pada siklus I diperoleh ketuntantasan sebesar 40,62%. Peningkatan persentase pada siklus II sebesar 56,62%, dan pada siklus III sebesar 78,12%. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa melalui metode role play dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara pada anak usia 5-6 tahun.</p><p><strong>K</strong><strong>ata kunci</strong><strong>:</strong> Kemampuan berbicara, metode role play, anak usia dini</p><p class="Abstract"> </p><p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><em><br /> </em><em>This research aimed to improve speaking ability through role play methods. This type research </em><em>is Classroom Action Research</em><em> (CAR), were conducted in three cycles. The subject in this research were 32 children consisted of 16 girls and 16 boys. The technique of data collection in this research used by work performance, observation, interviews, and documentation. Analyzed test the validity of the data used is a triangulation of sources and triangulation techniques. Research result show that class actions through role play methods, children can compose simple sentences in a complete structure, be able to verbal communicate, and answer more questions complex. The overall result show increase in the percentage after applied role play methods, in the first cycle acquired 40.62%. The percentage increase in the second cycle was 56.62%, and the third cycle by 78.12%. Based on the descriptions can be drawn the conclusion that through role play methods could increase the speaking ability children aged 5-6 year.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Speaking ability, role play methods, early childhood</em></p>
Incarceration Rates and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in US Counties, 2011–2016
Authors: Nowotny Kathryn M. , Omori Marisa , McKenna Melanie , Kleinman Joshua 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine rates of sexually transmitted infections as a function of jail and prison incarceration rates across US counties for the years 2011 to 2016. Methods. We used data from several national databases. The outcomes were county-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012–2016). The exposures were lagged specifications of county-level jail and prison incarceration rates as reported by the Vera Institute of Justice (2011–2015). We estimated mixed models to account for the 3 sources of response variable variation occurring across repeated measures collected from counties nested within states. Results. In the final model, jail and prison incarceration rates were associated with a rate increase of 10.13 per 100 000 and 8.22 per 100 000, respectively, of chlamydia incidence. The corresponding rate increases for gonorrhea incidence were 2.47 per 100 000 and 4.40 per 100 000. Conclusions. These findings provide some evidence that the documented differences in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence between counties may be partially attributable to differences in jail and prison incarceration rates.
Mass Incarceration and Subsequent Preventive Health Care: Mechanisms and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Widdowson Alex O. , Fisher Benjamin W. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine the associations and mechanisms between 2 indicators of mass incarceration and preventive health care use and whether these associations are moderated by race/ethnicity. Methods. We used 1997 to 2015–2016 data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 7740) to examine the associations between arrest and incarceration at ages 18 to 27 years and cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure screenings at age 29 years. Explanatory mechanisms included blocked access (health care coverage and medical checkup) and economic (education, employment, and income) factors. We used logistic regression to model main effects. Results. Arrest was associated with lower odds of getting blood cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure tests; incarceration was associated with lower odds of getting cholesterol and blood sugar tests; blocked access and economic factors mediated 42% to 125% of these associations. These associations were mostly consistent across race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Mass incarceration contributes to decreases in preventive health care use, which are explained in part by blocked access and economic factors. Public Health Implications. The decreased use of preventive health care following mass incarceration may increase the prevalence of disease and the associated costs of treatment.
A meta-analysis of tunica vaginalis fascia versus dartos fascia to prevent postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula in hypospadias and fistula repair
Authors: Yang Hao , Hu Dong-lai , Xuan Xiao-xiao , Zhang Hang , Shu Qiang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is the commonest postoperative complication in hypospadias and fistula repair. Several flap procedures have been recommended to decrease this complication rate, but no single flap procedure is ideal. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of tunica vaginalis fascia (TVF) and dartos fascia (DF) as intermediate layers in prevention of the formation of UCF. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science for comparative studies up to July 1st, 2019. Studies were selected by the predesigned inclusion criterias. The primary outcomes was UCF incidence. Results: The pooled RR with 95% CI were calculated. We extracted the relevant informations from the included studie. 9 comparative studies were included The RR of UCF rate for TVF was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.09-0.51, P=0.0005) compared with DF in hypospadias and fistula repair. For other postoperative complications, the RR was 0.87 (0.28-2.70, P=0.80), 1.33 (0.41-4.35, P=0.64) and 0.17 (0.03-0.88, P=0.04) for meatal stenosis/ urethral stricture, glans dehiscence/ wound dehiscence and skin necrosis, respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis reveals that TVF is a better option in hypospadias and fistula repair as compared to DF in terms of decreasing the incidence of the UCF and skin necrosis.
The effectiveness and safety of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy for resectable gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Shi-Hui , Zhong Xi , Zhang Jia-Le , Huang Bao-Jun , Xu Hui-Mian , Liu Jin-Xin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is among the malignant tumors of highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and has a profile of high lymph node metastasis rate. Lymph node clearance is a critical part of gastric cancer surgery, however, the extent of lymph node clearance, for example, whether to perform abdominal aortic lymph node dissection, remains considerably controversial. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALD) on survival and postoperative complications in patients with GC. Methods An electronic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase and cochrane library. The Q test and I 2 were used to assess heterogeneity. The publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 (STATA, College Station, TX). Results 908 studies were retrieved via literature search and eight studies were finally included. There was no significant difference between D2 and D2+PALD in the 5-year survival rate after surgery (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.03, P = 0.897; I 2 = 64.9%). Besides, the 30-day mortality (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.66-2.10, P = 0.590; I 2 = 0.0%) and the overall risk of postoerative complications (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83-1.59, P = 0.411; I 2 = 35.5%) were comparable between D2 and D2+PALD. Conclusion Based on current literature body, compared with D2, D2+PALD does not prevail in terms of long-term survival or perioperative outcomes.
Developing an intervention to promote person-centred care to improve management of behaviours that challenge among people living with dementia
Authors: Shaw Rachel , Campbell Niyah , Killick Kirsty , Seare Nichola , Maidment Ian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This paper reports the development work conducted for a feasibility study (MEDREV) conducted in the UK evaluating: (i) a medication review to reduce the prescription of psychotropic medication for managing behaviours that challenge among people living with dementia: and (ii) a training intervention for care home staff designed to improve the management of behaviours that challenge without medication using person-centred care. This paper reports the development of (ii) the training intervention for care home staff.Methods: The intervention development was informed by the MRC guidelines for complex interventions and the phases of the Behaviour Change Wheel. We used an iterative approach responding to and consultations with stakeholders throughout the process. Results: The target behaviours of the intervention were: responding to challenging behaviour as an expression of unmet need; communicating with compassion. The intervention was required to educate about psychotropics and their side-effects, to help care staff relate to people with dementia as individuals with individual needs and wants, to reflect upon how one might deliver the values of person-centred care in care scenarios, and to promote good team communication and self-care. An interactive, brief, in-house training session was developed with a number of recommendations for systemic change. Conclusions: The intervention was developed in a systematic way taking into account the particularities of the care home context and the target population. These factors prompted many challenges as did the manner in which residential care home interventions are funded in the UK. An ideal intervention package would have incorporated environmental elements, more systemic support from the care home management, and more financial investment to offer a more detailed, longer lasting training intervention.
Evaluation of three different vectors on human iLRP expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Bainan , Zhang Dong , Yan Lingli , Zhou Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
iLRP (immature laminin receptor protein) is a tumor associated antigen over-expressed on the surface of most human cancer cells and plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis and development. It has strong auto-immunogenicity in patients and is a good target protein for tumor immunotherapy. To find a practical and an efficient method for the production of recombinant iLRP, three expression vectors based on pET-30a(+) from pET expression systems were constructed. The first one is to add a 6xHis-Tag to the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-iLRP. The second one is to include an S-Tag between the C-terminal of 6xHis-Tag and the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-S-iLRP. The third one only contains the 6xHis-Tag in front of the N-terminal of iLRP, but the natural iLRP gene was first optimized according to the bacterial genome, and the constructed vector was named as pET-His-Opt-iLRP. Then the expression of three vectors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) was analyzed. Results demonstrated that the iLRP expression was the highest in pET-His-Opt-iLRP, followed by pET-His-S-iLRP, and pET-His-iLRP expressed the lowest iLRP. This implied that the vector combining the codon-optimized iLRP gene with a 6xHis-Tag had the best effect on the expression of iLRP, and the expression in vectors with the natural iLRP gene depends on its leader sequences in the expression frame. It can be consequently concluded that the heterologous expression of human iLRP in a bacterial host could be greatly increased by genetically modifying gene constituents and using proper protein-tags, which laying the foundation on the future researches on its applications.
Research on the cultivation strategy of critical thinking of medical doctoral students based on constructivism learning theory
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Ling-Ying , Huo Guan-Nan , Xu Chang , Wang Xing-Yue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Critical thinking (CT) is the logical beginning of innovative thinking. Especially for medical doctoral students, critical thinking enables them to apply flexibly existing experience and knowledge to make reasonable judgments and optimal decision through analysis and reasoning on the basis of reflection in the complex clinical situations. The present study aimed to investigate the current situation of critical thinking of medical doctoral students, and was performed to attribute the factors of critical thinking and optimize the relationship between educational goals and higher-level talents, to formulate a CT training strategy for medical doctoral students based on constructivism learning theory. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of critical thinking was conducted among 343 medical doctoral students from 8 universities by using the Chinese version of the Critical Thinking Ability Scale. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to establish database and analyze data. Results: The average score of critical thinking ability of 343 medical doctoral students was 292.43, and the score of truth-seeking in seven traits was lower than the minimum recognition score of 40. Extroverted medical doctoral students scored higher than those introverted in the traits of critical thinking, systematicity, self-confidence and inquisitiveness (P < 0.05). Medical doctoral students with reading habits scored higher than those without reading habit in the traits of total score of critical thinking, open-thinking, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness and maturity (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the total score of critical thinking, open-thinking, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness and maturity in medical doctoral students with different interpersonal relations (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis found that the personality, reading habits, parental education and critical thinking of medical doctoral students were significantly correlated (P<0.05).Conclusions: 343 medical doctoral students generally have positive critical thinking personality, but the honesty and objectivity of seeking truth are not enough. It is necessary to actively guide students to participate in extracurricular practice and improve their ability of maintaining interpersonal relationships, cultivate students' active reading habits and pay attention to the cooperative education mechanism of tutors, counselors and ideological and political teachers in the process of education, so as to promote students' critical thinking and all-round development.
Elaborating on the pedagogical knowledge management process in clinical education: A grounded theory study
Authors: Ramazanzade Khaironnesa , Ayati Mohsen , Abedi Farshid , Shokohifard Hossein Hossein 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Pedagogical knowledge management (PKM) is contributory to professional development and the promotion of clinical education quality. An efficient PKM requires understanding the associated process and dimensions in clinical education. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the theoretical process of PKM.Methods: This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach. The participants comprised 27 clinical teachers, who were affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences and had the required experience or knowledge about medical education. They were selected via a purposive, theoretical sampling method and went through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed based on Corbin and Strauss’s analytical approach (2008) through constant comparison of the data until the classes were saturated, and the grounded theory emerged. Ultimately, the rigor and trustworthiness of the research were assessed based on Lincoln and Guba’s criteria.Results: From the data analysis, 3615 primary codes and 7 core categories emerged. The results indicated that a psychosocial process governs the PKM of the faculty, which is affected by personal egos, inadequate and inappropriate learning of pedagogical knowledge, empirical practice, imbalance between multiple teacher tasks in clinical education due to the dominance of treatment over education, inappropriate knowledge organization and storage, and lack of optimal time management. Obvious consequences include the inability to create and apply pedagogical knowledge and clinical training based on trial and error.Conclusions: The results of this article can be used for policy-making in clinical education to promote the PKM platforms, which ultimately leads to quality clinical education and community health promotion.
Dengue Clinical Practice Guideline from Household to Hospital: A Case Study of Development and Evaluation in Southern Thailand
Authors: Suwanbamrung Charuai , Le Cua Ngoc , Maneerattanasak Sarunya , Satien Polapat , Kotchawat Somsri , Nontapad Oratai , Thuethong Chanchuri , Situka Prayut , Ponprasert Chumpron , Nuprasert Youwarat , Talunkphet Chumponut , Siwarin Anuson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Dengue is an important health problem in southern Thailand. However, the area has a surveillance-only prevention system, and there are no continuing guidelines for dengue treatment from households to primary care units (PCUs) or district hospitals. The objectives were to develop and evaluate the dengue clinical practice guideline (DCPG) from household to hospital. Methods The study design used community participatory action research that integrated the IOWA model in 44 villages in the Lansaka district of southern Thailand. The DCPG was developed and tested with 26 health providers in five steps: 1) community preparation, 2) development of the guidelines, 3) use and monitoring, 4) evaluation and conclusion, and 5) referring technology. The questionnaires for evaluating opinion, knowledge, and practice contained 84 items. The content validity was verified by three experts (CVI= 0.80), and reliability was verified by 30 participants (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the situation before and after the use of DCPG, and guidelines were developed with accompanying diagrams. Results Two results were found: 1) DCPG consisted of four steps: guidelines at households, primary care units, outpatient departments and emergency rooms, and inpatient departments in hospitals. A total of 39 dengue patients were divided into 20 cases admitted for IPD; observation at home, 18 cases; and one patient referred to province hospital; with no deaths during the study period. 2) The 26 health providers from the PCUs and hospital increased their knowledge, and attitude increase was not significantly different ( P>0.05 ). The 5 components of practice increased significantly ( P<0.05 ), but the practice of only taking intravascular fluid was not significantly different ( P>0.05 ). Conclusion DCPG was an appropriate dengue solution from household to hospital. However, all stakeholders need to participate, integrate, and coordinate for continued use, monitoring and evaluation.
Investigation of dental caries prevalence, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft and DMFT indexes) and the associated factors among 9 - 11 years old children
Authors: Alami Ali , Erfanpoor Saeed , Monfared Elaheh Lael- , Ramezani Ali , Jafari Alireza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral hygiene is one of the most important health issues in children that affects the health of children. This study aimed to investigate dental caries prevalence, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft and DMFT Indexes) and the associated factors among 9 -11 years old children.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4226 primary school students aged 9-11 years old using the census method in Iran. Data were collected by valid and reliable researcher-made checklists. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Logistic Regression tests.Results: The prevalence of permanent and primary dental caries in all students was 39.73% and 67.72%. The mean (standard deviation) of DMFT in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 0.6 (1.11), 0.97 (1.39) and 1.23 (1.63), respectively. The mean (standard deviation) dmft in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 3.14 (2.56), 2.46 (2.34) and 1.37 (1.84), respectively. There was a significant difference in DMFT and dmft between age groups (P<0.001). Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that there is a significant relationship between gender, birth rate, place of residence, mother's education, father's education and use of mouthwash with DMFT index (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the variables of insurance, residence and mother's job were significantly correlated with dmft index (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of dental caries was high. Variables of gender, birth rate, parental education, place of residence, use of mouthwash, having health insurance and mother's job were effective in predicting dental caries in students. it seems necessary to hold educational courses to increase awareness among students, educators, and parents about oral Health. Keywords: Elementary students, School, dmft, DMFT, Children, Oral health
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to brushing teeth with powered toothbrush among doctors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Jiang Lin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background This study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) regarding brushing teeth with powered toothbrush among doctors. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire regarding powered toothbrush based on the KAB model. Multistage cluster sampling was used to enrol doctors. Results A total of 403 doctors were included in the study. The proportion of “need to be strengthen” on knowledge, attitude and behaviors was 68.0 percent, 71.0 percent and 80.4 percent, respectively. The usage rate of powered toothbrush was low in doctors (12.2 percent). Doctors from dental department had higher knowledge (p<0.001) and attitude (p<0.01) scores than the doctors from non-dental department. Doctors from the district with a higher gross regional product had higher knowledge (p<0.01) and behaviors score (p<0.001), and doctors from higher-level hospitals had higher knowledge (p<0.001). Using powered toothpaste was positively associated with the knowledge (p<0.001), attitude (p<0.05) and behaviors (p<0.001) scores. Conclusions The majority of doctors’ knowledge, attitude and behaviors regarding powered toothbrush were needed to be strengthened. Specific health education is needed to improve the knowledge, attitude and behaviors regarding powered toothbrush.