bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive effect of brain-targeted mechanical intervention with passive head motion
Authors: Murase Shuhei , Sakitani Naoyoshi , Maekawa Takahiro , Yoshino Daisuke , Takano Kouji , Konno Ayumu , Hirai Hirokazu , Saito Taku , Tanaka Sakae , Shinohara Keisuke , Kishi Takuya , Yoshikawa Yuki , Sakai Takamasa , Ayaori Makoto , Inanami Hirohiko , Tomiyasu Koji , Takashima Atsushi , Ogata Toru , Tsuchimochi Hirotsugu , Sato Shinya , Saito Shigeyoshi , Yoshino Kohzoh , Matsuura Yuiko , Funamoto Kenichi , Ochi Hiroki , Shinohara Masahiro , Nagao Motoshi , Sawada Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical exercise is known to be beneficial for various brain functions. However, the mechanisms behind the positive effects of exercise on the brain remain to be elucidated. Here we show that passive head motion in hypertensive rats, which reproduces the mechanical accelerations generated in their heads during moderate-velocity treadmill running, decreases the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in astrocytes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), thereby lowering blood pressure. Passive head motion generates interstitial fluid movement that is estimated to exert shear stress with an average magnitude of <1 Pa on the cells in the rat medulla. Fluid shear stress of a sub-Pa magnitude decreases AT1R expression in cultured astrocytes. In hypertensive rats, inhibition of interstitial fluid movement following hydrogel introduction to the RVLM eliminates the antihypertensive effects of passive head motion and treadmill running. Furthermore, vertically oscillating chair riding by hypertensive adult humans, which reproduces the mechanical accelerations generated in their heads during light jogging or fast walking, lowers their blood pressure. Our findings indicate that moderate mechanical intervention can have antihypertensive effects by modulating the function of RVLM astrocytes through interstitial fluid shear stress. We anticipate that mechanical regulation is responsible for a variety of the positive effects of physical exercise on human health, particularly those related to brain functions.
Is there a need for preoperative α-blocker in patients missed preoperative diagnosis of extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma undergoing paraganglioma resection? A retrospective study of 167 cases at a single center
Authors: Liu Yi , Jin Xinye , Gao Jie , Jiang Shan , Liu Lei , Lou Jing-Sheng , Wang Bo , Zhang Hong , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative α-adrenergic blockade is believed to decrease perioperative risks and mortality in adrenal pheochromocytoma surgeries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the preoperative α-adrenergic blockade on patients’ outcomes in extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma surgeries.MethodsWe searched our clinical database for the diagnosis extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma by postoperative histopathology in the General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army from 2000 till 2017. And we recorded preoperative status of patients, preoperative medication preparation, intraoperative and postoperative cardiovascular events, intake and output, length of stay in ICU, length of hospital stay, and short time outcomes.ResultsThe intraoperative morbidity of heart rate elevation and highest heart rate were higher in patients undergoing tumor manipulation with preoperative α-adrenergic blockade than those without (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in intraoperative morbidity of blood pressure elevation and SAP decreased following tumorectomy in these two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications and outcomes (P>0.05).ConclusionUnder the current medical techniques, either with or without preoperative medicine, resection of extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma could be carried out successfully.
Distribution, and abundances of Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), in Banggai Island group, Indonesia
Authors: Syahrullah Fakhri Naufal , Maddus Un , Mustari Abdul Haris , Indrawan Mochamad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Peleng tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis) is a practically unknown prosimian, with a very narrow range limited to Banggai island-group, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was classified as “Endangered” by IUCN in 2017. Detailed demographic and distribution information aboutT. pelengensisin the wild is not available even though they are crucial to setting up conservation priorities and strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze distribution, and population ofT. pelengensisacross the island group. Surveys were conducted over approximately five months in 2017 and 2018 across Peleng and the neighboring islands of Banggai, Labobo, and Bangkurung. It is now established that tarsiers occur on two of the major islands, namely Peleng and Banggai Island proper. Average density in Peleng and Banggai islands were estimated to be 247 individuals/km2, and this roughly fall within the broad ranges of tarsier densities in Sulawesi and offshore islands. In stark contrast to the only previously available supposition of distribution and conservation status (IUCN 2017), Tarsiers were found in nearly all elevations (0-937 m above sea level) and all habitats in Peleng island. There is also an entire newly discovered population in Banggai Island proper, which similarly distributed in varied habitats. Therefore, the conservation status of Peleng tarsier needs to be re-evaluated.
Independent recruitment of PRC1 and PRC2 by human XIST
Authors: Dixon-McDougall Thomas , Brown Carolyn J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractXIST establishes inactivation across its chromosome of origin, even when expressed from autosomal transgenes. To identify the regions of human XIST essential for recruiting heterochromatic marks we generated a series of overlapping deletions in an autosomal inducible XIST transgene. We examined the ability of each construct to enrich its unified XIST territory with the histone marks established by PRC1 and PRC2 as well as the heterochromatin factors MacroH2A and SMCHD1. PRC1 recruitment required four distinct regions of XIST, and these were completely distinct from the two domains crucial for PRC2 recruitment. Both the domains required and the impact of inhibitors suggest that PRC1 is required for SMCHD1 while PRC2 function is necessary for MacroH2A recruitment, although incomplete overlap of regions implicates a role for additional factors. The independence of the PRC1/PRC2 pathways, yet important of all regions tested, demonstrate both modularity and cooperativity across the XIST lncRNA.Author SummaryXIST functions as a long, non-protein coding, RNA to initiate various pathways for the silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in female placental mammals. CRISPR-directed mutations of an inducible human XIST construct in somatic cells allowed us to discover which regions of the RNA are required for chromatin modification and protein recruitment. This was the first large-scale dissection of human XIST domains, and every function assessed was dependent on multiple regions of XIST, suggesting considerable interactions between domains of XIST. We observed similarities, but also differences, with the domains previously identified in mouse Xist and demonstrated the presence of independent pathways for chromosome reorganization in humans as well as ascribing new functionality to regions of XIST. The ability of XIST to inactivate large sections of chromosomes from which it is expressed makes it both an exciting potential therapeutic for chromosome number abnormalities as well as a paradigm for how non-coding RNA genes are able to regulate cellular biology.
Expansion of CD10negneutrophils and CD14+HLA-DRneg/lowmonocytes driving proinflammatory responses in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Fraccarollo Daniela , Neuser Jonas , Möller Julian , Riehle Christian , Galuppo Paolo , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTImmature neutrophils and HLA-DRneg/lowmonocytes expand in cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral infections, but their appearance and functional characteristics after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain underexplored. We found an expansion of circulating immature CD16+CD66b+CD10negneutrophils and CD14+HLA-DRneg/lowmonocytes in patients with AMI, correlating with cardiac damage, function and serum levels of immune-inflammation markers. Increased frequency of immature CD10negneutrophils and elevated circulating levels of IFN-γ were linked, mainly in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive patients with high anti-CMV antibody titers and expanded CD4+CD28nullT-cells. At a mechanistic level, CD10negneutrophils enhance IFN-γ production by CD4+T-cells through induction of interleukin-12. Moreover, we showed that HLA-DRneg/lowmonocytes are not immunosuppressive but secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after differentiation to macrophages and IFN-γ stimulation. Thus, the immunoregulatory functions of immature CD10negneutrophils play a dynamic role in mechanisms linking myeloid cell compartment dysregulation, Th1-type immune responses and inflammation in patients with AMI.
Deciphering how interneuron specific 3 cells control oriens lacunosum-moleculare cells to contribute to circuit function
Authors: Guet-McCreight Alexandre , Skinner Frances K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe wide diversity of inhibitory cells across the brain makes them suitable to contribute to network dynamics in specialized fashions. However, the contributions of a particular inhibitory cell type in a behaving animal are challenging to untangle as one needs to both record cellular activities and identify the cell type being recorded. Thus, using computational modeling and theory to predict and hypothesize cell-specific contributions is desirable. Here, we examine potential contributions of interneuron-specific 3 (I-S3) cells - an inhibitory interneuron found in CA1 hippocampus that only targets other inhibitory interneurons - during simulated theta rhythms. We use previously developed multi-compartment models of oriens lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) cells, the main target of I-S3 cells, and explore how I-S3 cell inputs duringin vitroandin vivoscenarios contribute to theta. We find that I-S3 cells suppress OLM cell spiking, rather than engender its spiking via post-inhibitory rebound mechanisms, and contribute to theta frequency spike resonance during simulatedin vivoscenarios. To elicit recruitment similar toin vitroexperiments, inclusion of disinhibited pyramidal cell inputs is necessary, implying that I-S3 cell firing broadens the window for pyramidal cell disinhibition. Usingin vivovirtual networks, we show that I-S3 cells contribute to a sharpening of OLM cell recruitment at theta frequencies. Further, shifting the timing of I-S3 cell spiking due to external modulation shifts the timing of the OLM cell firing and thus disinhibitory windows. We propose a specialized contribution of I-S3 cells to create temporally precise coordination of modulation pathways.New & NoteworthyHow information is processed across different brain structures is an important question that relates to the different functions that the brain performs. Using modelling and theoretical analyses, we show that an inhibitory cell type that only inhibits other inhibitory cells can broaden the window for disinhibition of excitatory cells, manage input pathway switching, and modulate inhibitory cell spiking. This work contributes to knowledge of how coordination between sensory and memory consolidation information can be attained.
Biochemical reconstitutions reveal principles of humanγ-TuRC assembly and function
Authors: Wieczorek Michal , Ti Shih-Chieh , Urnavicius Linas , Molloy Kelly R. , Aher Amol , Chait Brian T. , Kapoor Tarun M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe formation of cellular microtubule networks is regulated by theγ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC). This ∼2.3 MDa assembly of >31 proteins includesγ-tubulin and GCP2-6, as well as MZT1 and an actin-like protein in a “lumenal bridge”. The challenge of reconstituting theγ-TuRC has limited dissections of its assembly and function. Here, we report a complete biochemical reconstitution of the humanγ-TuRC (γ-TuRC-GFP), a ∼35S complex that nucleates microtubulesin vitro. We extend our approach to generate a stable subcomplex,γ-TuRCmini-GFP, which lacks MZT1 and actin. Using mutagenesis, we show thatγ-TuRCmini-GFP nucleates microtubules in a guanine nucleotide-dependent manner and proceeds with similar kinetics as reported for nativeγ-TuRCs. Electron microscopy reveals thatγ-TuRC-GFP resembles the nativeγ-TuRC architecture, whileγ-TuRCmini-GFP adopts a partial cone shape presenting only 8-10γ-tubulin subunits and lacks a well-ordered lumenal bridge. Our structure-function analysis suggests that the lumenal bridge facilitates the self-assembly of regulatory interfaces around a microtubule-nucleating “core” in theγ-TuRC.
Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha mediates key side effects of tamoxifen therapy in mice
Authors: Zhang Z , Park J. W. , Ahn I. S. , Diamante G. , Sivakumar N. , Arneson D. V. , Yang X. , van Veen J. E. , Correa S. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdjuvant tamoxifen therapy for invasive breast cancer improves patient survival. Unfortunately, long-term treatment comes with side effects that impact health and quality of life, including hot flashes, changes in bone density, and fatigue. Partly due to a lack of proven animal models, the tissues and cell types that mediate these negative side effects are largely unknown. Here we show that mice undergoing a 28-day course of tamoxifen treatment experience dysregulation of core and skin temperature, changes in bone density, and decreased physical activity, recapitulating key aspects of the human physiological response. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals that tamoxifen treatment induces significant and widespread gene expression changes in different cell types of the hypothalamus, most strongly in neurons and ependymal cells. These expression changes are dependent on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as conditional knockout of ERα in the hypothalamus ablated or reversed tamoxifen-induced gene expression. Accordingly, ERα-deficient mice do not exhibit changes in thermal regulation, bone density, or movement in response to tamoxifen treatment. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of tamoxifen on the hypothalamus and support a model in which hypothalamic ERα mediates several key side effects of tamoxifen therapy.
Renal proximal tubule cell state and metabolism are coupled by nuclear receptors
Authors: Park Jihwan , Dhillon Poonam , Hurtado Carmen , Li Lingzhi , Huang Shizheng , Zhao Juanjuan , Kang Hyun Mi , Shrestra Rojesh , Balzer Michael S. , Chatterjee Shatakshee , Prado Patricia , Han SeungYub , Liu Hongbo , Sheng Xin , Bartmanov Kirill , Rojas Juan P. , Prósper Felipe , Li Mingyao , Pei Liming , Kim Junhyong , Monserrat Nuria , Susztak Katalin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKidney disease development is poorly understood due to the complex cellular interactions of more than 25 different cell types, each with specialized functions. Here, we used single cell RNA-sequencing to resolve cell type-specific and cell fraction changes in kidney disease.Whole kidney RNA-sequencing results were strongly influenced by cell fraction changes, but minimally informative to detect cell type-specific gene expression changes. Cell type-specific differential expression analysis identified proximal tubule cells (PT cells) as the key vulnerable cell type in diseased kidneys. Through unbiased cell trajectory analyses, we show that PT cell differentiation state is altered in disease state. Lipid metabolism (fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation) in PT cells showed the strongest and reproducible association with PT cells state. The coupling of cell state and metabolism is established by nuclear receptors such as PPARA and ESRRA that not only control cellular metabolism but also the expression of PT cell-specific genes in mice and patient samples.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID 19 among Medical Laboratory Professionals in Zambia
Authors: Chawe Adon , Mfune Ruth L. , Siyapila Paul , Zimba Sharon D. , Vlahakis Pipina , Mwale Samson , Mwape Kapambwe , Kalolekesha Memory , Chileshe Misheck , Mutale Joseph , Mudenda Tobela , Manda Grace , Daka Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is a novel disease that has spread to nearly every country worldwide. Medical laboratory professionals are key in the fight against COVID-19 as they provide confirmatory diagnosis which is the main basis upon which cases are identified and clinical management instituted. Lack of knowledge, poor attitude and unsafe laboratory practices could have negative implications towards the control of COVID-19. We conducted a quick online questionnaire to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical laboratory personnel regarding COVID-19 in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study among medical laboratory professionals in Zambia from 10th to 29th June, 2020. Data were collected using google forms and exported to SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Independent predictors of COVID-19 knowledge and practices were determined. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals are reported.ResultsA total of 208 medical laboratory professionals participated in the study. There were more males (58.2%) than females. The majority of respondents had good knowledge (84.1%) and practice (75%) regarding COVID-19. Less than half (n=97, 46.6%) reported willingness to participate in a vaccination program. Predictors of good knowledge included; having a Bachelors degree (AOR: 5.0, CI: 1.15-23.9) and having prior COVID-19 related training (AOR: 8.83, CI: 2.03-38.4). Predictors of good practice included; having a masters or PhD qualification (AOR: 5.23, CI: 1.15-23.9) and having prior COVID-19 related training (AOR: 14.01, CI: 6.47-30.4).ConclusionOur findings revealed that medical laboratory professionals in Zambia have good knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. However poor practices were observed There is need for continuous professional development (CPD) to ensure that medical laboratory professionals are well informed and aware of best practices to aid in curbing the pandemic.
Limits and opportunities of SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid tests – an experience based perspective
Authors: Lüsebrink Jessica , Schildgen Oliver , Schildgen Verena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the currently increasing case numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide there is an increasing need for rapid diagnostic devices in addition to existing PCR-capacities. Therefore, rapid antigen assays including lateral flow assays are discussed as an alternative method. In comparison to an established RT-PCR protocol, however the novel lateral flow assay unfortunately lowered the expectations set in these assays.
Factors associated with drinking behaviour during COVID-19 social distancing and lockdown among adults in the UK
Authors: Garnett Claire , Jackson Sarah , Oldham Melissa , Brown Jamie , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess what factors were associated with reported changes to usual alcohol drinking behaviour during the start of lockdown in the UK.DesignOnline cross-sectional survey from 21stMarch to 4thApril 2020.SettingUK.Participants30,375 adults aged ≥ 18y.MeasurementsChanges in drinking over the past week, sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosed or suspected COVID-19, adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours, stress about COVID-19, finances or boredom, recent drop in household income, key worker status, and health conditions.FindingsOf 22,113 drinkers (65.7% of analytic sample), 48.1% (95% CI=47.0-49.1%) reported drinking about the same as usual, 25.7% (24.8-26.6%) reported drinking less than usual, and 26.2% (25.4-27.1%) reported drinking more than usual over the past week. Drinking less than usual was independently associated with being younger (OR=0.88 [95% CI=0.83-0.93]), male (OR=0.76 [0.68-0.84]), of an ethnic minority (OR=0.76 [0.61-0.97]), low annual household income (OR=0.74 [0.66-0.83]), having diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 (OR=2.04 [1.72-2.41]), adhering to COVID-19 protective behaviours (OR=1.58 [1.08-2.32]), being significantly stressed about becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 (OR=1.26 [1.08-1.48]) and not being a key worker (OR=0.87 [0.76-0.99]). Drinking more than usual was independently associated with being younger (OR=0.73 [0.69-0.78]), female (OR=1.36 [1.22-1.51]), post-16 qualifications (OR=1.21 [1.04-1.40]), high annual household income (OR=1.43 [1.27-1.61]), being significantly stressed about catching (OR=1.22 [1.03-1.45]) or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 (OR=1.28 [1.10-1.48]), being significantly stressed about finances (OR=1.43 [1.24-1.66]), and having a diagnosed anxiety disorder (OR=1.24 [1.05-1.46]).ConclusionsIn a representative sample of adults in the UK, about half of drinkers reported drinking the same amount of alcohol as usual during the start of the COVID-19 related lockdown, with a quarter drinking more and a quarter drinking less than usual. Drinking more than usual was associated with being younger, female, high socioeconomic position, having an anxiety disorder, and being stressed about finances or COVID-19. These groups may benefit targeted alcohol reduction support if there are further periods of lockdown.RegistrationThe analysis plan was pre-registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnrhq/).
New corrosion inhibitor for 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution
Authors: Liu Pingli , Zhu Yanhua , Zhao Liqiang 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
A novel compound was synthesized by cyclohexylamine, acetophenone and cinnamaldehyde through Mannich reaction in laboratory to use as corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidification process.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion and inhibition of 13Cr stainless steel in conventional acidification solution were investigated by electrochemical measurements and soaking experiments. The corrosion appearance was observed with scanning electron microscope on the whole surface of 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution, and the protection film was confirmed on the surface in presence with inhibitor.

Findings
Results manifested that the inhibitor C23H27NO can effectively inhibit the corrosion reaction by forming an adsorption layer function as a barrier. Polarization curves indicated that the mixed inhibitor can reduce anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions simultaneously. The results of impedance measurements indicated that this inhibitor cannot change the corrosion mechanism of 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of 13Cr stainless steel in conventional acidification solutions during oil well acidification construction process.

Originality/value
A novel compound was synthesized by cyclohexylamine, acetophenone and cinnamaldehyde through Mannich reaction in laboratory to use as corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidification process. The corrosion and anti-corrosion mechanism of 13Cr steel in acid solution was proposed.