bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D‐printed patient individualised models vs cadaveric models in an undergraduate oral and maxillofacial surgery curriculum: Comparison of student's perceptions
Authors: Seifert Lukas B. , Schnurr Benedikt , Herrera‐Vizcaino Carlos , Begic Amira , Thieringer Florian , Schwarz Frank , Sader Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in 3D printing technology have enabled the emergence of new educational and clinical tools for medical professionals. This study provides an exemplary description of the fabrication of 3D‐printed individualised patient models and assesses their educational value compared to cadaveric models in oral and maxillofacial surgery.MethodsA single‐stage, controlled cohort study was conducted within the context of a curricular course. A patient's CT scan was segmented into a stereolithographic model and then printed using a fused filament 3D printer. These individualised patient models were implemented and compared against cadaveric models in a curricular oral surgery hands‐on course. Students evaluated both models using a validated questionnaire. Additionally, a cost analysis for both models was carried out. P‐values were calculated using the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsThirty‐eight fourth‐year dental students participated in the study. Overall, significant differences between the two models were found in the student assessment. Whilst the cadaveric models achieved better results in the haptic feedback of the soft tissue, the 3D‐printed individualised patient models were regarded significantly more realistic with regard to the anatomical correctness, the degree of freedom of movement and the operative simulation. At 3.46 € (compared to 6.51 €), the 3D‐printed patient individualised models were exceptionally cost‐efficient.Conclusions3D‐printed patient individualised models presented a realistic alternative to cadaveric models in the undergraduate training of operational skills in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Whilst the 3D‐printed individualised patient models received positive feedback from students, some aspects of the model leave room for improvement.
Mortality in infantile spasms: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Harini Chellamani , Nagarajan Elanagan , Bergin Ann M. , Pearl Phillip , Loddenkemper Tobias , Takeoka Masanori , Morrison Peter F. , Coulter David , Harappanahally Gita , Marti Candice , Singh Kanwaljit , Yuskaitis Christopher , Poduri Annapurna , Libenson Mark H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine risk factors and causes for mortality during childhood in patients with infantile spasms (IS). We describe the overall goals of care for those who died.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of IS patients born between 2000 and 2011. We examined potential risk factors for mortality, including etiology, neurologic impairment, medication use, persistence of epileptic spasms, and comorbid systemic involvement (requirement for G‐tube feedings, respiratory interventions). For patients who died, we describe cause of death and resuscitation status or end‐of‐life care measures.ResultsWe identified 150 IS patients with median follow‐up of 12 years. During the study period, 25 (17%) patients died, 13 before 5 years of age. Univariate analysis demonstrated that developmental delay, identifiable etiology, hormonal use for IS, persistence of epileptic spasms, polypharmacy with antiseizure medications, refractory epilepsy, respiratory system comorbidity, and the need for a G‐tube were significant risk factors for mortality. In a multivariate analysis, mortality was predicted by persistence of epileptic spasms (odds ratio [OR] = 4.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11‐16.67, P = .035) and significant respiratory system comorbidity (OR = 12.75, 95% CI = 2.88‐56.32, P = .001). Mortality was epilepsy‐related in one‐third of patients who died with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), accounting for 88% of epilepsy‐related deaths. Most deaths before age 5 years were related to respiratory failure, and SUDEP was less common (17%) whereas SUDEP was more common (45%) with deaths after 5 years. For the majority (67%) of patients with early mortality, an end‐of‐life care plan was in place (based on documentation of resuscitation status, comfort measures, or decision not to escalate medical care).SignificanceMortality at our single‐center IS cohort was 17%, and persistence of epileptic spasms and comorbid respiratory system disorders were the most important determinants of mortality. Early deaths were related to neurological impairments/comorbidities. SUDEP was more common in children who died after 5 years of age than in those who died younger than 5 years.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma Symptoms, Mindfulness, and Intimate Partner Violence: Therapeutic Implications for Marginalized Men
Authors: Voith Laura A. , Russell Katie , Lee Hyunjune , Anderson RaeAnn E. 
Published: March 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma symptoms have been linked with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization among men, yet the field lacks depth in several key areas hampering progress toward violence intervention. Specifically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dominates the field’s scope of trauma symptoms under study, limiting understanding of other manifestations of trauma especially among men. Furthermore, most research focuses exclusively on men’s physical IPV perpetration and rarely focuses on other types of IPV, severity of violence, or men’s victimization. Also, few studies examine potential protective factors grounded in the ACE framework, such as mindfulness, among clinical populations. Finally, most research has not focused on men of color, despite some racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionate rates of IPV exposure. Therefore, the relationships between IPV frequency and severity (psychological, physical, injury) and ACEs, PTSD, trauma symptomology (separate from PTSD), and mindfulness self‐efficacy were examined in a sample of 67 predominantly low‐income men of color in a batterer intervention program. More than half of the sample (51.5%) reported exposure to four or more ACEs, and 31.1% met the clinical cutoff for a probable PTSD diagnosis. Higher ACE scores predicted increased rates for nearly all types of self‐reported IPV perpetration and victimization. PTSD symptoms and complex trauma symptom severity together explained between 13% and 40% of IPV outcomes, and each was uniquely associated with certain types of self‐reported IPV victimization and perpetration frequency and severity. Mindfulness self‐efficacy was associated with decreased self‐report psychological IPV perpetration and victimization frequency and severity. Clinical implications relevant to marginalized men are reviewed, including screening, training, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Renewable energy development threatens many globally important biodiversity areas
Authors: Rehbein Jose A. , Watson James E. M. , Lane Joe L. , Sonter Laura J. , Venter Oscar , Atkinson Scott C. , Allan James R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy is fundamental for halting anthropogenic climate change. However, renewable energy facilities can be land‐use intensive and impact conservation areas, and little attention has been given to whether the aggregated effect of energy transitions poses a substantial threat to global biodiversity. Here, we assess the extent of current and likely future renewable energy infrastructure associated with onshore wind, hydropower and solar photovoltaic generation, within three important conservation areas: protected areas (PAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Earth's remaining wilderness. We identified 2,206 fully operational renewable energy facilities within the boundaries of these conservation areas, with another 922 facilities under development. Combined, these facilities span and are degrading 886 PAs, 749 KBAs and 40 distinct wilderness areas. Two trends are particularly concerning. First, while the majority of historical overlap occurs in Western Europe, the renewable electricity facilities under development increasingly overlap with conservation areas in Southeast Asia, a globally important region for biodiversity. Second, this next wave of renewable energy infrastructure represents a ~30% increase in the number of PAs and KBAs impacted and could increase the number of compromised wilderness areas by ~60%. If the world continues to rapidly transition towards renewable energy these areas will face increasing pressure to allow infrastructure expansion. Coordinated planning of renewable energy expansion and biodiversity conservation is essential to avoid conflicts that compromise their respective objectives.
Increased blood pressure variability during the subacute phase in patients with ischemic stroke presenting with a low ankle‐brachial index
Authors: Naito Hiroyuki , Hosomi Naohisa , Kuzume Daisuke , Nezu Tomohisa , Aoki Shiro , Morimoto Yuko , Kinboshi Masato , Yoshida Takeshi , Shiga Yuji , Kinoshita Naoto , Ueno Hiroki , Noma Kensuke , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: March 2020

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the associations of blood pressure (BP) variability in patients with ischemic stroke during the subacute phase using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the ankle‐brachial index (ABI).MethodsWe retrospectively examined 831 consecutive patients (women 44.8%, mean age 76 ± 12 years) with acute ischemic stroke who underwent 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during the subacute phase of stroke (median 9 days from onset) and an ABI examination. BP variability was evaluated by assessing the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of systolic BP and diastolic BP. A low ABI was defined as an ABI <0.9.ResultsOf the 831 patients, 201 (24.2%) had a low ABI. Older age, lower body mass index, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation and a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission were independently associated with a low ABI. The patients with a low ABI had a higher mean 24‐h diastolic BP, higher standard deviation of both BP measurements (systolic BP and diastolic BP) and a higher coefficient of variation in both BP measurements than those with a higher ABI. According to the multivariable linear regression analysis, a low ABI was independently associated with increased BP variability (a high standard deviation or coefficient of variation of both BP measurements) after adjusting for baseline confounders.ConclusionsA low ABI was associated with increased BP variability during the subacute ischemic phase. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 448–454.
Blunt force regulation and bureaucratic control: Understanding China's war on pollution
Authors: van der Kamp Denise S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, China has increasingly resorted to top‐down, “blunt force” solutions to environmental problems; officials forcibly shutter or destroy factories to reduce pollution, at immense cost to local growth and employment. Why would a high capacity state like China resort to such a costly method of pollution control? I argue that blunt force enforcement is targeted at overcoming principal–agent problems in the bureaucracy. When institutions are too weak to hold bureaucrats accountable, political leaders increase oversight by drastically reducing the number of steps and resources required to produce a regulatory outcome—resulting in blunt force measures. I illustrate this logic through case studies from China's multiyear war on pollution. Using original data on blunt force measures, I then show how localities with lower bureaucratic compliance face greater blunt force pollution enforcement. These findings reveal that when bureaucratic accountability is weak, states pay a very high cost for cleaner air.
The evaluation of workers by customers as a method of control and monitoring in firms: Digital reputation and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: TODOLÍ‐SIGNES Adrián 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a method of surveillance and monitoring, the evaluation of workers by customers and employers and the disclosure of the results pose a series of challenges for the current legal framework of the European Union (EU). Employees subject to such evaluations are exposed to a far more intense and wider degree of monitoring of their work than traditional workers. The phenomenon arises from the adoption of a customer perspective, seeking to make work observable at all times, without any cost to firms. In this light, the author analyses the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, which establishes very specific restrictions when requesting and disclosing information about workers.
Robustly dynamic tax evasion and consumption with preferences for cash
Authors: Luo Pengfei , Ma Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we develop a robustly optimal consumption and tax evasion model with recursive utility and preferences for cash. We derive the analytical solutions for the optimal consumption and portfolio rules. We find that in contrast to the agent without preferences for cash, the agent with preferences for cash will reduce the consumption‐wealth ratio, sharply increase tax evasion, reduce the investment in the non‐concealed risky asset, and increase cash reserve. Furthermore, the optimal tax evasion is related to the volatility and the rate of return of the risky asset, as well as the ambiguity aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, which are inconsistent with the case without preferences for cash. Our results can provide potential explanations for some empirical phenomena.
Healing hand ulcers caused by focal spasticity
Authors: Gupta Anupam D. , Addison Samantha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpasticity is a common manifestation of many upper motor neuron lesions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. In some cases, spastic fingers in the hand press hard into the palm, resulting in skin breakdown and atypical pressure ulcerations. We treated 10 such patients living in the nursing homes with long‐standing treatment‐resistant hand ulcers in our spasticity clinic first, with Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) injection into the spastic muscles followed by dressing, splinting, and hand therapy. These ulcers failed to respond to standard treatment, causing significant pain, offensive smell, increased carer burden, and difficulty in maintaining hygiene as hands could barely be opened for dressing and therapy. We noted complete healing of ulcers with significant improvement in the following outcome measures—Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity, Visual Analog Scale for pain, pressure ulcer grading for the ulcers, Fingertip to Palm distance for hand opening, Carer Burden Scale, and in the Goal Attainment Scale pre, 4 weeks, and 3 months postinjection with P values of .003, .003, .004, .005, .004, and .004, respectively. Reducing spasticity with BoNTA should be the first step in treating hand ulcerations caused by focal spasticity, followed by dressing, splinting, and hand therapy.
Associated factors of hope in cancer patients during treatment: A systematic literature review
Authors: Nierop‐van Baalen Corine , Grypdonck Maria , van Hecke Ann , Verhaeghe Sofie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the associated factors of hope during treatment in cancer patients.BackgroundHope is very important to cancer patients at all stages of the disease process. Hope is seen as an important coping mechanism. Most research about hope in cancer patients considered the end of life or in palliative care. Several and different factors are associated with hope. It is not yet sufficiently clear which factors are associated with hope during the treatment.DesignA systematic literature review of quantitative empirical studies on hope in cancer patients during treatment.Data SourcesSearch in MEDLINE (PubMed interface), CINAHL (EBSCO interface), Psychinfo and Cochrane (January 2009–December 2018).Review MethodsEmpirical quantitative studies were included regardless of the disease stage, written in English or Dutch, measuring hope from the perspective of cancer patients. Two authors independently screened all the studies and assessed their quality.ResultsThirty‐three studies were included. Positive relationship has been established between hope and quality of life, social support, spiritual and existential well‐being. Hope appears to be negatively associated with symptom burden, psychological distress and depression. There appears to be no relationship between hope and demographic and clinical variables. The relationship between anxiety and hope remains unclear.ConclusionsHope primarily seems to be a process that takes place in a person's inner being rather than being determined from outside.ImpactHealth professionals may want to focus on the meaning of hope for cancer patients in relation to the associated factors. A better understanding of the meaning of hope during treatment can be of great value in supporting cancer patients with regard to treatment decisions, psychosocial support, the experienced quality of life and symptom burden and any wishes they may have with regard to advanced care planning.
Molecular characterization and expressional quantification of lgp2, a modulatory co‐receptor of RLR‐signalling pathway in the Indian major carp Labeo rohita following pathogenic challenges and PAMP stimulations
Authors: Mohanty Arpita , Sadangi Sushmita , Paichha Mahismita , Samanta Mrinal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLgp2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) is a cytosolic viral sensor of the RLR (retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 like receptor) family member without the caspase recruitment domain, having both inhibitory and stimulatory roles in RLR‐signalling pathway. In India, Labeo rohita (rohu) is one of the leading and economically favoured freshwater fish species. Several immunological sentry proteins have been reported in this fish species, but no information is available on the RLR members. This study was aimed at cloning and characterization of full‐length lgp2‐cDNA (complementary DNA) in rohu and investigation of its expressional modulations following various pathogen‐associated molecular pattern stimulations and bacterial infections. The full‐length lgp2‐cDNA sequence obtained through rapid amplification of cDNA ends‐PCR consisted of 2299 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 2034 bp encoding 677 amino acids. In rohu‐Lgp2, four conserved domains – a DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain, Pfam type‐III restriction enzyme domain, helicase superfamily c‐terminal domain and RIG‐I C‐terminal regulatory domain – have been detected. Within these domains, several important functional motifs, such as ATP‐binding site, ATPase motif, RNA unwinding motif and RNA‐binding sites, have also been identified. In healthy rohu, lgp2 gene was abundantly expressed in gill, liver, kidney, spleen and blood. In response to both in vitro and in vivo treatments using double‐stranded RNA (poly I:C), lgp2 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in all tested tissues and also in the LRG (Labeo rohita gill) cells. lgp2 gene expression significantly (P < 0.05) increased on stimulation of LRG cells using γ‐d‐glutamyl‐meso‐diaminopimelic acid and muramyl dipeptide. In vivo treatment using lipopolysaccharide and Aeromonas hydrophila‐derived RNA resulted in both up‐ and down‐regulation of lgp2 gene expression. Upon gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial infections, the expression of the lgp2 gene increased at different times in almost all the tested tissues. These integrated observations in rohu suggest that Lgp2 is an antiviral and antibacterial cytosolic receptor.Significance Statement
Lgp2, a cytosolic viral sensor of retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 like receptor family member, has been cloned in Labeo rohita.
The complete sequence of rohu lgp2‐complementary DNA consisted of 2299 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 2034 bp encoding 677 amino acids.
It consisted of a DExDc, RES‐III, HELICc, Pfam RIG‐I_C‐RD, ATP‐binding site, ATPase motif, RNA unwinding motif and RNA‐binding site.
Upon bacterial infection, double‐stranded RNA and various pathogen‐associated molecular pattern stimulations, lgp2 gene expression significantly increased, indicating its role as an antiviral and antibacterial cytosolic receptor.
Application of ultra‐high voltage electron microscope tomography to 3D imaging of microtubules in neurites of cultured PC12 cells
Authors: NISHIDA T. , YOSHIMURA R. , NISHI R. , IMOTO Y. , ENDO Y. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryElectron tomography methods using the conventional transmission electron microscope have been widely used to investigate the three‐dimensional distribution patterns of various cellular structures including microtubules in neurites. Because the penetrating power of electrons depends on the section thickness and accelerating voltage, conventional TEM, having acceleration voltages up to 200 kV, is limited to sample thicknesses of 0.2 µm or less. In this paper, we show that the ultra‐high voltage electron microscope (UHVEM), employing acceleration voltages of higher than 1000 kV (1 MV), allowed distinct reconstruction of the three‐dimensional array of microtubules in a 0.7‐µm‐thick neurite section. The detailed structure of microtubules was more clearly reconstructed from a 0.7‐µm‐thick section at an accelerating voltage of 1 MV compared with a 1.0 µm section at 2 MV. Furthermore, the entire distribution of each microtubule in a neurite could be reconstructed from serial‐section UHVEM tomography. Application of optimised UHVEM tomography will provide new insights, bridging the gap between the structure and function of widely‐distributed cellular organelles such as microtubules for neurite outgrowth.Lay DescriptionAn optimal 3D visualisation of microtubule cytoskeleton using ultra‐high voltage electron microscopy tomographyThe ultra‐high voltage electron microscope (UHVEM) is able to visualise a micrometre‐thick specimen at nanoscale spatial resolution because of the high‐energy electron beam penetrating such a specimen. In this study, we determined the optimal conditions necessary for microtubule cytoskeleton imaging within 0.7‐µm‐thick section using a combination with UHVEM and electron tomography method. Our approach provides excellent 3D information about the complex arrangement of the individual microtubule filaments that make up the microtubule network.
Untangling the Integration–Performance Link: Levels of Integration and Functional Integration Strategies in Post‐Acquisition Integration
Authors: Wei Tian , Clegg Jeremy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe integration–performance link created during post‐acquisition integration has defied satisfactory theoretical explanation. To address this gap, we conduct a functional analysis to explore the intermediating mechanisms between the level of integration – which represents the extent of the target firm’s integration with the acquirer – and acquisition performance. We use six in‐depth acquisition case studies in the medical technology industry to develop an integrated model with which to untangle the integration–performance link. First, our model connects the level of integration to specific functional integration strategies, which refer to the approaches acquirers employ to manage functional resources. Second, we identify value creation and value leakage as the two routes through which functional integration strategies impact acquisition performance. Finally, we propose two qualitative measures of acquisition performance: value gap and time delay. Our study suggests that a functional analysis of the integration–performance link may help resolve long‐standing conflicts within the literature.