bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River confinement and braiding loss in Canterbury region, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Barlow Victoria , Ashmore Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn relation to the wider concern that rivers in Aotearoa New Zealand have been narrowed by river control and land‐use encroachment, and that iconic braided patterns are being lost, nine braided rivers from the Canterbury region were studied to compare river width, pattern type and braiding intensity between the mid‐1900s and the present based on mapping from aerial images. Channel narrowing occurred along >90% (~490 km) of the length of the rivers studied, 375 km of which were historically braided. In total, the rivers narrowed by an average of 43% (48% for braided reaches). Coinciding with narrowing, braided reaches lost 1.3 channels, on average. Overall, 20% (over 100 km) length of the rivers recorded a change from braided to more simple pattern types including wandering (~18%) and single channel (~1%). The relationship of channel width and pattern change demonstrates the predictability of braiding change based on channel narrowing. As channels narrow, the likelihood of pattern simplification and change increases, although the amount of narrowing required to induce change depends on the initial width and pattern. Narrowing causes a reduction of braiding intensity even when the channel pattern remains braided. Based on these results, a predictor of channel pattern change and reduction of braiding intensity, based only on channel width and width change, can be applied to aid room‐for‐river management plans for conserving or restoring braided river morphologies. Channel width provides a general criterion for the prediction of braiding intensity and channel pattern threshold illustrating the scale‐related effects on channel pattern.
Enhancing Stirred Yogurt Quality With Hyaluronic Acid‐Rich Rooster Comb Extract: Effects on Texture and Shelf Life
Authors: Tabari Shahandasht Nastaran , Bolandi Marzieh , Rahmati Majid , Jafarisani Moslem 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTYogurt is a popular milk‐based product known for its nutritional benefits and effects on the large intestine. However, yogurt production faces challenges like texture, consistency, and syneresis. Hydrocolloids, such as gums and polysaccharides, can enhance yogurt's consistency and rheological properties. This research evaluates rooster comb extract (RCE) as a natural additive to improve stirred yogurt's properties during 21 days of storage at 4°C. Two treatments with 0.8 and 0.9 g of RCE were added to stirred yogurt. Results showed a decrease in pH (from 3.89 to 4.38) and microbial counts (> 107 log CFU/g), along with an increase in titratable acidity (1.03%–1.48%) in RCE‐enriched yogurt (p < 0.05). The 0.8 g RCE treatment showed reduced syneresis, lightness, and setting time compared to the control (p < 0.05). Rheological analysis indicated thixotropic shear‐thinning behavior, accurately described by the Herschel–Bulkley model. All samples displayed solid viscoelastic properties, with the storage modulus exceeding the loss modulus in the linear viscoelastic region. While flavor and overall acceptability declined in enriched samples compared to controls (p < 0.05), no significant differences were found in other characteristics, including texture, color, and aroma (p > 0.05). In conclusion, RCE is a promising natural hydrocolloid for producing functional stirred yogurt, offering potential consumer benefits.
Chenopodium botrys Extract Affects Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Rhabdomyolysis in Rats Through TNF/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Momeni‐Moghaddam Mohammad Amin , Abbasnezhad Abbasali , Ebadi Amir Hossein , Mohebbati Reza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDue to the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the Chenopodium botrys and the pathological mechanisms of rhabdomyolysis in the kidney, this plant can be used to improve the symptoms of this disease. Then, in this study, we investigated the effects of this herb in improving kidney injury by rhabdomyolysis. Animals were divided into five groups: control, glycerol (received it for rhabdomyolysis induction), extract (received 12 mg/kg C. botrys extract), and treatment groups with dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg) and extract (12 mg/kg). The extract was analyzed using HNMR. After a week, blood and urine samples were taken to measure protein, urea, and creatinine. Then, the animals were sacrificed, and the kidney tissue was removed to examine the antioxidant, TNF‐α, and histopathological evaluations. Also, NF‐κB gene expression was investigated. The serum creatinine, TNF‐α, and NF‐κB ratio significantly increased and antioxidant capacity decreased in the glycerol group compared with the control. Pathological evaluation also showed severe renal damage based on the related criteria. In the treatment groups with dexamethasone and especially extract, the considered parameters attenuated relatively compared with the glycerol group. Kidney damage and functional impairment associated with rhabdomyolysis, as well as the inflammatory response caused by increased NF‐κB and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α, may be alleviated by C. botrys. Consequently, C. botrys could represent a potential therapeutic approach for patients with rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury.
Topological Quantum Numbers in Quasicrystals
Authors: Kellendonk Johannes 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe provide an overview on the theory of topological quantum numbers from the point of view of non‐commutative topology. Topological phases are described by K‐groups of C*‐algebras. The algebras are constructed from the set of positions of the nuclei of the materials we want to study. Topological quantum numbers are Chern numbers of K‐group elements. Maps between K‐groups which are of algebraic topological origin provide the means to obtain relations between different topological quantum numbers as, for instance, in the bulk edge correspondence. We present simple aperiodic examples related to quasicrystals to illustrate the theory.
Prenatal multidisciplinary counseling for fetal congenital anomalies: A narrative review
Authors: Lugli Licia , Rossi Cecilia , Berardi Alberto , Pugliese Marisa , Ceccarelli Pier Luca , Sileo Filomena Giulia , Chiossi Giuseppe , Contu Giannina , Calabrese Olga , La Marca Antonio , Bertucci Emma 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal multidisciplinary counseling for fetuses with congenital anomalies involves a collaborative approach, integrating expertise from various medical fields.Aims and ApproachThis comprehensive strategy aims to provide expectant parents with accurate information about the diagnosis, potential outcomes, and available interventions. Genetic counselors, obstetricians, neonatologists, and other specialists work together to address medical, psychological, and ethical aspects. The prenatal multidisciplinary counseling approach emphasizes open communication, fostering a supportive environment for the couple to express their concerns and ask questions. In the case of prenatally detected fetal congenital anomalies, several different scenarios can be delineated: (1) detection of surgically correctable congenital anomalies, (2) identification of genetic disease or fetal anomalies likely to result in disabilities, (3) discovery of severe and lethal congenital anomalies, and (4) encountering fetal anomalies that are not well‐defined, leading to an unclear scenario. The process of counseling includes discussing the possibility of pregnancy termination, treatment options, potential challenges, and emotional support, enabling expectant parents to make informed decisions aligned with their values and preferences. Additionally, the counseling process extends beyond the initial diagnosis, providing ongoing support as the pregnancy progresses and helping families to prepare for the difficulties they may face after the birth of the child with congenital anomalies. This collaborative effort not only focuses on the medical aspects but also considers the emotional and ethical dimensions of decision‐making.ConclusionThe multidisciplinary approach enhances the quality of care and empower parents, facilitating a more informed and compassionate journey throughout the prenatal period.
Co‐creating a conceptual model of Indigenous relational wellbeing in early childhood: Planting seeds of connectedness
Authors: Wesner Chelsea A. , Around Him Deana , Ullrich Jessica Saniguq , Martin Lisa , Denmark Nicole , Russette Helen , Lee KyungSook , Sarche Michelle , Asdigian Nancy L. , Barnes‐Najor Jessica , Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh ,   the Tribal Early Childhood Research Center Early Relational Wellbeing Community of Learning
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to share our story of conceptualizing Indigenous early relational wellbeing (ERW), specifically reflecting American Indian and Alaska Native worldviews. Our approach is grounded in Indigenous methodologies and guided by a Community of Learning comprised of Indigenous and allied Tribal early childhood community partners, researchers, practitioners, and federal funders. We describe the steps we took to conceptualize caregiver–child relationships from an Indigenous perspective, center Indigenous values of child development, apply an established Indigenous connectedness framework to early childhood, and co‐create a conceptual model of Indigenous ERW to guide future practice and research. This model highlights relational practices as seeds of connectedness and relational wellbeing, and includes the roles of spirituality, culture, and ceremony in nurturing ERW; the manifestations of relational wellbeing across the lifespan; and the interdependence of relational wellbeing within communities and families, across generations, and with the environment. The model also informs the creation of a measure to understand practices that foster relational wellbeing among Indigenous children and families and their relationship to positive development, thus informing research, practice, and policy.
Accuracy of Reaction Coordinate Based Rate Theories for Modelling Chemical Reactions: Insights From the Thermal Isomerization in Retinal
Authors: Ghysbrecht Simon , Donati Luca , Keller Bettina G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTModern potential energy surfaces have shifted attention to molecular simulations of chemical reactions. While various methods can estimate rate constants for conformational transitions in molecular dynamics simulations, their applicability to studying chemical reactions remains uncertain due to the high and sharp energy barriers and complex reaction coordinates involved. This study focuses on the thermal cis‐trans isomerization in retinal, employing molecular simulations and comparing rate constant estimates based on one‐dimensional rate theories with those based on sampling transitions and grid‐based models for low‐dimensional collective variable spaces. Even though each individual method to estimate the rate passes its quality tests, the rate constant estimates exhibit considerable disparities. Rate constant estimates based on one‐dimensional reaction coordinates prove challenging to converge, even if the reaction coordinate is optimized. However, consistent estimates of the rate constant are achieved by sampling transitions and by multi‐dimensional grid‐based models.
A novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar catalyst derived from palm leaf residue for biodiesel production: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Aliyu Muhammad , Rashid Umer , Tsubota Toshiki , Wan Ab Karim Ghani Wan Azlina , Mohd Salleh Mohamad Amran , Khuong Duy Anh , Trinh Kieu Trang , Duc Nguyen Trung , Tashima Daisuke , Ryu Tomi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDNovel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalysts were produced from activated hydrochar derived from palm leaf residue (PLRAH) via a wet impregnation technique and used to perform one‐step waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification to produce biodiesel. The magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalysts were evaluated for their acid–base properties, crystallinity, functional groups, magnetism, textural properties, thermal stability, chemical composition, and morphology.RESULTSThe PLRAH‐Fe2O3/K2O magnetic catalyst performed well in thermal testing, with a large specific surface area of 111.08 m2 g−1 and its high basicity value of 7.34 mmol g−1, as well as an acidity value of 12.67 mmol g−1, significantly contributed to the WCO transesterification. An optimum biodiesel yield of 98.36% was obtained under the following conditions: catalyst loading of 3 wt%, a methanol‐to‐WCO molar ratio of 12:1, and a reaction temperature of 75 °C for a duration of 4 h and biodiesel yields maintained at >80% after five cycles. The produced biodiesel complied with the physicochemical properties stated in ASTM D6751. The kinetic study also revealed that WCO transesterification using the one‐step approach had a pseudo‐first order and activation energy () of 24.27 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, the thermodynamic variables, including Gibbs free energy (∆Go), enthalpy (∆Ho), and entropy (∆So) of WCO transesterification, were found to be 7.60 kJ mol−1, 24.27 kJ mol−1, and −21.78 J mol−1 K, respectively. This suggests that WCO transesterification was an endothermic and non‐spontaneous process.CONCLUSIONThe synthesized magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance for WCO transesterification, highlighting its potential for efficient biodiesel production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Risk stratification and diagnostic evaluation of patients found to have microscopic hematuria by their primary care providers
Authors: An Clemens , Jeong Jake , Chiu Cedrick , Gaston Evan , Kennedy Amanda , Sternberg Kevan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to identify, and risk stratify primary care patients with microscopic hematuria (MH), describe the diagnostic evaluations they received, and determine whether the evaluations were consistent with the recommendations of the 2020 AUA/SUFU microscopic hematuria guidelines.MethodsA retrospective review of patients presenting to primary care clinics with a diagnosis of MH was performed. The patient risk category was determined based on the 2020 AUA/SUFU guidelines. Diagnostic strategies were recorded, and guideline concordance was determined. Descriptive statistics were generated to describe outcomes.ResultsA total of 368 patients had a diagnosis of MH; 267/368 (72.6%) patients had all pertinent data available for risk stratification. One‐hundred and fifty‐six (58.4) patients were high‐risk and 55 (35.3%) had a urologic visit. Forty‐one of the 55 (75%) were diagnostically evaluated of which 13 (31.7%) were in‐line with guideline recommendations. Eighty‐two (30.7%) patients were at intermediate risk of which 33 (40.2%) had a urology visit. Of these 33 intermediate‐risk patients, 27 (81.8%) were diagnostically evaluated, five (18.5%) of which were in‐line with guideline recommendations. Twenty‐nine patients were low risk of which 4 (13.8%) had a urology visit. Three of the four patients seen by urology (75%) were evaluated with imaging studies and none received a cystoscopy.ConclusionAlmost 60% of the patients in our cohort were high‐risk according to the AUA/SUFU 2020 guidelines. Across all strata, the majority of patients lacked a urology visit and diagnostic evaluation consistent with guideline recommendations. Future efforts should ensure appropriate urologic referral and optimize initial diagnostic strategies for patients with MH.
Estimating the Evolving Trade Effect of Foreign Aid in the Context of Aid Competition: Evidence From European Countries
Authors: Xu Hongyi , Sun Zesheng , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the evolving trade effect of foreign aid using data from European countries from 1962 to 2020 in the context of multidonor competition. Our varying‐coefficient panel shows a significant country‐ and time‐heterogeneous trade effect of European donors' aid; however, aid competition can produce a mix of trade promotion and inhibitory effects. Estimations of aid's evolving trade effect reveal that donors' aid scale and (export) industrial concentration have a positive effect on promoting the trade–aid relationship with aid scale showing a reverse U‐shaped effect; the share of Aid for Trade (AfT) exerts a negative effect, and the donor's trade deficit demonstrates a positive impact on aid–trade effect.
Development of barley proteins into peptides nanomicelles for encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive ingredient
Authors: Song Hongdong , Duan Longhuan , Ren Shaoxia , Wang Xinyue , Feng Zhongyang , Shen Jianhua , Wang Chengtao , Guan Xiao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs natural polymer materials, barley proteins have been utilized to fabricate nanocarriers to encapsulate and delivery hydrophobic bioactive ingredients. However, as a result of the high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids and structural rigidity, barley protein‐based nanocarriers tend to aggregate easily and have a low loading capacity, which greatly limits their application. In the present study, barley proteins were enzymolyzed to fabricate nanomicelles and then applied to encapsulate hydrophobic bioactive ingredient.RESULTSSelf‐assembled barley peptides could be obtained by controllable enzymolysis of barley proteins. The obtained barley peptides could self‐assemble into nanomicelles (BPNMs) with a diameter of approximately 90 nm when the concentration was > 2.1 μg mL−1. Hydrophobic interaction, disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds were involved in maintaining the structure of BPNMs. Six self‐assembled peptides (QQPFPQ, QTPLPQ, QLPQIPE, QPFPQQPQLPH, QPFPQQPPFGL and QPFPQQPPFWQQQ) were identified and they were characterized by alternating arrangement of hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids. Moreover, BPNMs were utilized to encapsulate hydrophobic bioactive ingredient quercetin. When quercetin was encapsulated by BPNMs, its water solubility was significantly increased, being approximately 30‐fold higher than free quercetin. Meanwhile, encapsulation of BPNMs could greatly increase quercetin stability. The interaction between BPNMs and quercetin occurred spontaneously, mainly driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, BPNMs were successfully developed and could be used as a promising delivery system to improve the water solubility and stability of hydrophobic bioactive ingredients. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lie Symmetries With Exact Solution for Time‐Fractional Foam Drainage Equation
Authors: Simon S. Gimnitz , Bira B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we consider a nonlinear time‐fractional foam drainage equation and investigate the behavior of fluid flow through the foam. First, we apply the symmetry analysis and obtain the infinitesimal group of transformations involving some arbitrary parameters. Further, we classify the one‐dimensional optimal algebra, and using that, we obtain the similarity variables, which consequently reduces the time fractional partial differential equation (FPDE) to fractional‐order ordinary differential equation (FODE). Next, under the invariance condition, we construct exact solution for the given model and presented graphically. Furthermore, we derive the two‐dimensional optimal systems and nonclassical symmetry for the governing equation. Finally, we study the nature of fluid flow through the foam by numerical simulation.
A Wideband High Gain Transmit‐Array Antenna Exploiting Polarization‐Rotated Metasurface Cell
Authors: Zhang Yamei , Xu Feng , Qiang Jingxia , Liu Shui , Xie Qi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA novel polarization‐insensitive transmit‐array (TA) antenna using linear polarization‐rotated (PR) metasurface (MS) unit cells has been proposed in this article. Firstly, we design a wideband polarization‐insensitive polarization‐rotated MS unit cell. The MS cell can provide high transmission for incident linear polarized waves with polarization rotation by 90°. Then, we investigate the stability of the MS cell under the oblique incident wave. The proposed MS cell keeps a stable response under oblique incident wave over ± 30°. To verify the excellent performance of the proposed MS. We design a high‐gain TA antenna consisting of a standard feed horn and an aperture with a gradient phase. The gradient phase compensation is provided by varying the geometric dimension of the proposed MS. The obtained TA antenna works in a wide band with high gain. We fabricated the aperture and set up a prototype of TA antenna to verify our work. We measure the TA antenna and the results show a wide operating band from 14.2 to 18 GHz with a pick gain of 23.9 dBi. The favorable performance of the TA antenna is a good candidate in satellite systems and long‐distance satellite system. Furthermore, the angular stability of the MS cell is also verified by realizing the beam scanning performance. An over ± 30° scan range is obtained. Good beam scanning can be used in radar detection and expand signal coverage.
A Rollar‐Type Resonant Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Detection
Authors: Zhang Yongjia , Wu Guojie , Gong Zhenfeng , Mei Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a miniature Rollar‐type resonant photoacoustic cell (RRPAC), consisting of two cylindrical resonant cavities and a buffer chamber. The finite element analysis of the acoustic field distributions for the RRPAC and T‐type resonant photoacoustic cell (TRPAC) is utilized, demonstrating that RRPAC can produce a greater photoacoustic signal than the conventional TRPAC. A high sensitivity trace C2H2 photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system is successfully developed by combining a cantilever beam‐based acoustic sensor as the acoustic sensing unit and a high‐speed spectrometer as the demodulation unit with the RRPAC. The experimental results indicate that the 2f signal of the RRPAC at the first‐order resonance mode is approximately 1.5 times of the TRPAC with the same C2H2 concentration. The gas detection limit of the RRPAC PAS system for C2H2 is 40.7 ppb at an averaging time of 100 s. In comparison with the conventional TRPAC, the RRPAC exhibits higher sensitivity, thus providing a novel solution for the advancement of the PAS system.