bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Determinants of Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes Two Years After Surgery
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Ingleshwar Aparna , Landon Glenn C. , Siff Sherwin J. , Barbo Andrea , Lin Heather Y. , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of preoperative psychosocial and demographic factors with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes and satisfaction in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee at 24 months after surgery.MethodsA prospective cohort study of patients undergoing TKA was conducted. Outcome measures included: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) scores at baseline and 24 months after surgery, and patient satisfaction with TKA at 24 months. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association of preoperative psychosocial determinants (ie, Medical Outcome Study Social Support Scale; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; Brief COPE inventory, The Life Orientation Test‐Revised; Multidimensional Health Locus of Control; and Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale) on outcomes.ResultsWe included 178 patients. Increasing WOMAC pain scores at 24 months were associated with increasing age and body mass index (BMI); low tangible social support and low optimism were associated with higher levels of pain (R2 = 0.15). A decrease in WOMAC function scores was also associated with older age and higher BMI; low tangible support, increased stress, and low optimism were also associated with worse function (R2 = 0.22). When evaluating quality of life, lower SF‐36 physical functioning scores at 24 months were associated with age, high BMI, and comorbidity (R2 = 0.34). Lower SF‐36 mental functioning scores were associated with depression and low optimism (R2 = 0.38). Having a dysfunctional style of coping was associated with lower satisfaction with surgery after 24 months (adjusted R2 = 0.12).ConclusionPsychosocial factors, such as tangible support, depression, dysfunctional coping, and optimism, were associated with pain, function, and satisfaction 2 years after TKA. Perioperative programs identifying and addressing psychosocial problems may result in improvements in pain and function after TKA.
Parameter estimation for time‐delay systems based on the frequency responses and harmonic balance methods
Authors: Ni Jiayao , Xu Ling , Ding Feng , Gu Ya , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo parameter estimation methods for linear time‐delay systems are proposed based on the frequency responses and the harmonic balance methods. One is the stochastic gradient gradient‐based iterative (SG‐GI) algorithm and the other is the recursive least squares gradient‐based iterative (RLS‐GI) algorithm. These two methods can estimate the unknown parameters and the unknown time delays simultaneously by giving sinusoidal signals with different angular frequencies. Furthermore, a comparative study reveals that the RLS‐GI algorithm is more effective than the SG‐GI algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by a numerical example.
Charge Separation and Charge Carrier Mobility in Photocatalytic Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fumanal Maria , Ortega‐Guerrero Andres , Jablonka Kevin Maik , Smit Berend , Tavernelli Ivano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly versatile materials owing to their vast structural and chemical tunability. These hybrid inorganic–organic crystalline materials offer an ideal platform to incorporate light‐harvesting and catalytic centers and thus, exhibit a great potential to be exploited in solar‐driven photocatalytic processes such as H2 production and CO2 reduction. To be photocatalytically active, UV–visible optical absorption and appropriate band alignment with respect to the target redox potential is required. Despite fulfilling these criteria, the photocatalytic performance of MOFs is still limited by their ability to produce long‐lived electron–hole pairs and long‐range charge transport. Here, a computational strategy is presented to address these two descriptors in MOFs and to translate them into charge transfer numbers and effective mass values. The approach is applied to 15 MOFs from the literature that encompass the main strategies used in the design of efficient photocatalysts including different metals, ligands, and topologies. The results capture the main characteristics previously reported for these MOFs and enable to identify promising candidates. In the quest of novel photocatalytic systems, high‐throughput screening based on charge separation and charge mobility features are envisioned to be applied in large databases of both experimentally and in silico generated MOFs.
A Single‐Celled Tri‐Functional Metasurface Enabled with Triple Manipulations of Light
Authors: Dai Qi , Guan Zhiqiang , Chang Sheng , Deng Liangui , Tao Jin , Li Zhongyang , Li Zile , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing , Zhang Shuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetasurfaces capable of controlling more than two types of optical properties have drawn a broad interest recently, as they can bring great flexibility and possibilities to the design of highly‐integrated multifunctional devices such as simultaneous nanoprint and holograms. However, current multifunctional metasurfaces can perform only two types of optical manipulations separately. Furthermore, their supercell or multilayer design strategies would complicate both the nanostructure design and manufacturing, and are difficult to implement the miniaturization, low‐cost, and multifunctionality of light integration. Herein, merely with a single‐cell design approach, a tri‐functional metasurface enabled with triple manipulations of light is proposed. By merging the spectrum, polarization and phase manipulations into a single metasurface, a “three‐in‐one” meta‐device simultaneously acting as a structural‐color nanoprint, a polarization‐controlled grayscale meta‐image displayer and a phase‐modulated meta‐hologram can be constructed. Specifically, the structural‐color image appears right at the metasurface plane under a natural light source while the grayscale meta‐image and holographic image are reconstructed by taking different optical setups as decoding keys, which can not only significantly increase the light integration but also improve the reliability of both images. The proposed metasurface represents a new paradigm in designing multifunctional meta‐devices, and has promising prospects in image displays, optical storage, optical anti‐counterfeiting, etc.
Density Asymmetry Driven Propulsion of Ultrasound‐Powered Janus Micromotors
Authors: Valdez‐Garduño Miguel , Leal‐Estrada Mariana , Oliveros‐Mata Eduardo Sergio , Sandoval‐Bojorquez Diana Isabel , Soto Fernando , Wang Joseph , Garcia‐Gradilla Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability of acoustically propelled micro and nanoscale motors to perform diverse tasks while moving in solutions can open up new applications in diverse fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and materials science. However, the current understanding of the underlying propulsion mechanisms of ultrasound‐driven structures is limited for translating their motion and operation to practical applications. Here, the behavior of Janus microparticles displaying acoustically driven propulsion is demonstrated. A new approach to harness the acoustically‐induced vibration and oscillation of a density asymmetric Janus microstructure into translational motion is presented, based on fixing the micromotor orientation with an external magnetic field. Such acoustic propulsion of Janus microparticles is realized through a judicious material selection based primarily on density and asymmetry considerations. Experimental data and theoretical models indicate that the density asymmetry provides an acoustic propulsive force for translational motion. The Janus structure presented here is also able to propel using chemical and magnetic actuations, paving the way for different hybrid nanovehicles. The new approach to harvest acoustic energy leads to a robust motile platform and expands the horizons of ultrasound‐propelled micro/nanomotors, offering new possibilities for their design and applications.
Bioinspired Robust All‐Aqueous Droplet via Diffusion‐Controlled Interfacial Coacervation
Authors: Huang Xin , Tian Li , Wang Zhaoyue , Zhang Jianqiang , Chan Yu Suen , Cheng Shuk Han , Yao Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll‐aqueous droplets demand structural and functional robustness to provide tailored microenvironments for various biomedical applications. Inspired by the structural supporting properties of eggshell membranes, all‐aqueous droplets with robust shells featuring optical transparence, compound permeability, and swelling resistance are developed. The dense coacervate shell encapsulates sodium alginate (Alg) droplets in a continuous ε‐poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PL) solution, via diffusion‐controlled interfacial coacervation between Alg and ε‐PL. Benefiting from the permeability of the coacervate shell, the core of the droplet presents embryo‐like stiffness‐responsiveness between the fluid and gel states via the perception of external microenvironment. Particularly, in a benchmarking comparison with Alg‐Ca2+ hydrogel, the coacervate encapsulation presents boosted durability, mechanical robustness, and selective permeability in diverse conditions. This design strategy not only deepens the understanding on the design of all‐aqueous droplets with adaptive functions via one‐step interfacial coacervation between two miscible aqueous phases, but also broadens their feasibility as integrated platforms for biomedical applications.
Production of Metal‐Free C, N Alternating Nanoplatelets and Their In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Performance without Labeling
Authors: Jang Dawoon , Ahn Heesu , Oh Junghoon , Lim Donggyu , Kim Chul Hee , Choi Seungjoo , Kim Young‐Hoon , Park Jinwoo , Jang Kyeong Yeon , Yoo Ran Ji , Lee Tae‐Woo , Kim Jeongho , Lee Yong Jin , Kim Dong Wook , Park Sungjin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of luminescent probes with proper optical and morphological properties, high serum stability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility is a cost‐effective method for bioimaging. In this work, a route is developed to produce a novel bioimaging probe framework. A C3N4 material (UCN‐H) is produced by thermal condensation of urea under humidified air treatment. Chemical characterizations reveal that the UCN‐H contains C3N4 networks with smaller grain sizes and more amine‐based functionalities at the edges than UCN, which is separately produced without the humidified air treatment. Highly stable aqueous dispersions including fluorescent C3N4 nanoplatelets are generated by sonication of the UCN‐H powder. The photoluminescence (PL), time resolved‐PL, and 2D excitation‐emission spectra of the dispersions show that the UCN‐H has less‐intra bandgap traps and longer PL lifetime than UCN. In confocal microscopic study using the nanoplatelets, clear fluorescent cell images are obtained without any cytosolic aggregation. In in vivo imaging studies with MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing mice models, persistently strong fluorescence signals are successfully observed on tumor lesions without any interference of autofluorescence from live tissues after their accumulation by passive tumor targeting. Ex vivo biodistribution and histology results are well‐matched with in vivo fluorescence imaging results.
InP/ZnS/ZnS Core/Shell Blue Quantum Dots for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Ding Shihao , Zhuang Weidong , Wu Dan , Liu Pai , Qu Xiangwei , Liu Haochen , Yang Hongcheng , Wu Zhenghui , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the concerns about using cadmium‐based quantum dots (QDs) in display are growing worldwide, InP QDs have drawn much attention in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, pure blue InP based QLED has been rarely reported. In this work, first of all, pure blue InP/ZnS QDs with emission wavelength of 468 nm and quantum yield of 45% are synthesized. Furthermore, zinc oleate and S‐TOP are used as precursors to epitaxially grow the second ZnS shell. The residual zinc stearate reacted with S‐TOP to form ZnS shell, which increased the thickness and stability of QDs. Moreover, as the residual precursor of zinc stearate is removed, the current density increased from 13 mA cm−2 to 121 mA cm−2 at 8 V for the hole only device. External quantum efficiency increased from 0.6% of InP/ZnS QLED to 1.7% of InP/ZnS/ZnS QLED.
Ultrahigh Strength and Modulus Graphene‐Based Hybrid Carbons with AB‐Stacked and Turbostratic Structures
Authors: Jin Sunghwan , Chung Bongjin , Park Hyo Ju , Cunning Benjamin V. , Lee Jae‐Hyeok , Yoon Aram , Huang Ming , Seo Hojin , Lee Dongju , Lee Zonghoon , Ruoff Rodney S. , Ryu Seongwoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene‐based hybrid carbons composed of a mix of AB‐stacked and turbostratic regions are reported. Macroscopic graphene films consisting of stacked graphenes are prepared using a liquid crystal graphene oxide dispersion. The graphene films are then infiltrated with bioinspired adhesives, catecholamines, and polymerized to obtain graphene/poly(catecholamine) composites. After heat treatment up to 3000 ºC, the composite films are transformed to have both AB‐stacked (mainly from graphene oxide) and turbostratic (mainly from poly(catecholamines)) structures, and exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties compared to the films having a predominant AB‐stacked structure made from only graphene oxide. They have almost twice the fracture strength (1012 ± 146 MPa) and ≈1.5× increase of both Young's modulus (21.87 ± 2.24 GPa) and strain‐to‐failure (8.91 ± 0.50%). In addition, the films have an in‐plane electrical conductivity as high as 1320 ± 159 S cm−1. Such hybrid‐carbon films with the indicated mechanical and electrical properties have many promising uses, such as for light‐weight structural materials, and in flexible electronics such as for wearable heaters or in sensing electrodes.
3D Hybrid Nanofiber Aerogels Combining with Nanoparticles Made of a Biocleavable and Targeting Polycation and MiR‐26a for Bone Repair
Authors: Li Ruiquan , Wang Hongjun , John Johnson V. , Song Haiqing , Teusink Matthew J. , Xie Jingwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe healing of large bone defects represents a clinical challenge, often requiring some form of grafting. 3D nanofiber aerogels could be a promising bone graft due to their biomimetic morphology and controlled porous structures and composition. miR‐26a has been reported to induce the differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and facilitate bone formation. Introducing miR‐26a with a suitable polymeric vector targeting BMSCs could improve and enhance the functions of 3D nanofiber aerogels for bone regeneration. Herein, the comb‐shaped polycation (HA–SS–PGEA) is first developed, carrying a targeting component, biocleavable groups, and short ethanolamine (EA)‐decorated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) (abbreviated as PGEA) arms as miR‐26a delivery vector. Thereafter, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of this polycation and cellular response to miR‐26a‐incorporated nanoparticles (NPs) are assessed in vitro. HA–SS–PGEA exhibits a stronger ability to transport miR‐26a and exert its functions than the gold standard polyethyleneimine (PEI) and low‐molecular‐weight linear PGEA. The efficacy of HA–SS–PGEA/miR‐26a NPs loaded 3D hybrid nanofiber aerogels showing a positive effect on the cranial bone defect healing is finally examined. Together, the combination of 3D nanofiber aerogels and functional NPs consisting of a biodegradable and targeting polycation and therapeutic miRNA could be a promising approach for bone regeneration.
Redox Poly‐Counterion Doped Conducting Polymers for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yue , Song Yu , Yang Duo , Qin Zengming , Guo Di , Bian Li‐Jun , Sang Xiao‐Guang , Sun Xiaoqi , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConducting polymers (CPs) have been widely studied for electrochemical energy storage. However, the dopants in CPs are often electrochemically inactive, introducing “dead‐weight” to the materials. Moreover, commercial‐level electrode materials with high mass loadings (e.g., >10 mg cm−2) often encounter the problems of inferior electrical and ionic conductivity. Here, a redox‐active poly‐counterion doping concept is proposed to improve the electrochemical performance of CPs with ultra‐high mass loadings. As a study prototype, heptamolybdate anion (Mo7O246−) doped polypyrrole (PPy) is synthesized by electro‐polymerization. A 2 mm thick PPy electrode with mass loading of ≈192 mg cm−2 reaches a record‐high areal capacitance of ≈47 F cm−2, competitive gravimetric capacitance of 235 F g−1, and volumetric capacitance of 235 F cm−3. With poly‐counterion doping, the dopants also undergo redox reactions during charge/discharge processes, providing additional capacitance to the electrode. The interaction between polymer chains and the poly‐counterions enhances the electrical conductivity of CPs. Besides, the poly‐counterions with large steric hindrance could act as structural pillars and endow CPs with open structures for facile ion transport. The concept proposed in this work enriches the electrochemistry of CPs and promotes their practical applications.
Malleable Hydrogel Embedded with Micellar Cargo‐Expellers as a Prompt Transdermal Patch
Authors: Shin Sung‐Ho , Eom Youngho , Lee Eun Seong , Hwang Sung Yeon , Oh Dongyeop X. , Park Jeyoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough hydrogels are promising transdermal patches, they face spatiotemporal problems related to controlled drug release. From the “spatio” perspective, hydrogels are not malleable, therefore they do not fully contact curved skin, such as that found on the nose and fingers. From the “temporal” perspective, the internal network of a hydrogel retards cargo release. Herein, a malleable and rapid‐cargo‐releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)‐borax hydrogel that embeds freely mobile poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) micelles is prepared. The in situ polymerization of PHEMA within the matrix produces large compound micelle particles that are not bound by the matrix. The micelles act as expellers by sweeping out cargo upon exposure to wet conditions through a concentration gradient. The hydrogel embedded with the micellar cargo‐expellers delivers a 25‐fold larger 3‐min release quantity of Nile Red (a model cargo) than the control hydrogel. The particles absorb mechanical shocks and the dynamic borate‐diol bonds engender the hydrogel with self‐healing properties, which results in a hydrogel that tightly contacts highly curved skin. Moreover, the hydrogel shows no toxicity in in vivo and skin irritation tests. This malleable hydrogel will inspire novel prompt skin‐patch systems for pharmaceutical and cosmetics purposes.
A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications
Authors: Xia Yuliang , He Yang , Zhang Fenghua , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional composites. As a class of stimuli‐responsive polymers, SMPs can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. The introduction of functional materials and nanostructures results in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. Because of these unique features, SMPCs have a broad application prospect in many fields covering aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the shape recovery mechanisms, multifunctionality, applications, and recent advances in SMPs and SMPCs is presented. Specifically, the combination of functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes is discussed. Further, established products from such materials are highlighted. Finally, potential directions for the future advancement of SMPs are proposed.
Metal–Organic Charge Transfer Complexes of Pb(TCNQ)2 and Pb(TCNQF4)2 as New Catalysts for Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Zou Wenyue , Murdoch Billy J. , Nafady Ayman , Field Matthew R. , Ramanathan Rajesh , Bansal Vipul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fundamental properties and applications of organic charge transfer complexes based on Pb(TCNQ)2 (Pb = lead, TCNQ = 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) and its fluorinated derivatives are relatively unknown. Here, a facile solid–liquid approach for the synthesis of Pb(TCNQ)2 and Pb(TCNQF4)2 is reported. These materials are thoroughly analyzed to obtain insights into their unique morphological, vibrational and optical properties, the latter extending across the UV–Vis–IR region. Subsequently, the catalytic potential of these materials is evaluated by employing a model redox reaction, which revealed two orders of magnitude higher catalytic activity of the fluorinated derivative over non‐fluorinated Pb(TCNQ)2 crystals. Overall, the work presented here adds a new member to the growing yet limited library of metal–organic charge transfer complexes and validates the outstanding redox catalysis performance of this group of materials.
Atomic Scale Evolution of Graphitic Shells Growth via Pyrolysis of Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Yang Feng , Tian Dongliang , Zhao Haofei , Wang Rongming , Lau Woon‐Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanostructured graphitic‐layer‐materials with precise control of the layer‐nanostructure, are known to surpass many benchmarks in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The development of such controlled synthesis is, however, stalled by the difficulty in tracking the exact growth mechanism and dynamics of the layer‐structure. Herein, the growth mechanism of onion‐like graphitic‐layer‐structures with an atomic precision is revealed by pyrolysis in an aberration‐corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM). Specifically, the time‐evolution of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), bearing better contact between carbon atoms and metamorphosizing a graphitization‐catalyst, at 850°C in an ETEM are tracked to an intriguing Co‐Co3C nanocore enveloped by several graphitic layers. The growth dynamics of this onion‐like graphitic shell comprises, rather unexpectedly, out‐diffusion of carbon atoms from the core to fuel the growth of new outermost shell‐layers, plus lateral/inwards and intrashell/intershell diffusion of carbon atoms to amend shell‐defects. Thus, unusual dynamics of seemingly contracting shell‐expansion and shell‐consolidation is revealed, with the surprising phenomenon of a decrease in the number of atomic shell‐layers in exchange for layer‐perfectness towards the end of the controlled synthesis. These results indicate pyrolysis of an organometallic compound in an ETEM is a paradigm for understanding and developing controlled synthesis of novel high‐quality graphitic‐layer‐materials.