bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea, intermittent hypoxia and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sanderson John E , Fang Fang , Lu Mi , Ma Chen Yao , Wei Yong Xiang 
Published: November 2020

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is recognised to be a potent risk factor for hypertension, coronary heart disease, strokes and heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. However, the association between OSA and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is less well recognised. Both conditions are very common globally.It appears that there are many similarities between the pathological effects of OSA and other known aetiologies of HFpEF and its postulated pathophysiology. Intermittent hypoxia induced by OSA leads to widespread stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and more importantly a systemic inflammatory state associated with oxidative stress. This is similar to the consequences of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and ageing that are the common precursors to HFpEF. The final common pathway is probably via the development of myocardial fibrosis and structural changes in collagen and myocardial titin that cause myocardial stiffening. Thus, considering the pathophysiology of OSA and HFpEF, OSA is likely to be a significant risk factor for HFpEF and further trials of preventive treatment should be considered.
Efficacy of a live intranasal vaccine against parainfluenza type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in young calves with maternally derived antibodies
Authors: Metcalfe Lucy , Chevalier Mathieu , Tiberghien Marie‐Pascale , Jolivet Edmond , Huňady Milan , Timothy Sioned , Philippe‐Reversat Corinne 
Published: November 2020

Trial designTwo randomised controlled vaccination trials with artificial challenges were carried out in addition to a serological survey of levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI3V) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in European calves.ParticipantsTen‐day‐old calves with and without MDA were included in the two vaccine trials.InterventionsIntranasal administration of a bivalent modified live (PI3V/BRSV) vaccine followed by artificial challenge approximately three months post vaccination.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the efficacy of a modified live respiratory vaccine, Bovalto Respi Intranasal (Boehringer Ingelheim). In order to assess the interference of MDA, both seropositive and seronegative calves were used.RandomisationPI3V and BRSV serological status was determined seven days before vaccination; calves without maternal antibodies became the MDA− vaccinates. Calves with MDA were ranked according to individual titres and allocated alternately to MDA+ vaccinate and MDA+ control groups.BlindingTreatment was carried out by the unblinded study director. Animal care and veterinary examinations were conducted by personnel unaware of the treatments received. The serological survey used blood samples obtained from calves on commercial farms in five European countries, Germany, Spain, Italy, Ireland and the UK, to determine the levels of MDA to PI3V and BRSV in calves approximately two weeks of age.ResultsA total of 36 calves were included in the two challenge studies and 32 of these completed the challenge studies. Twenty‐one calves were included in the PI3V challenge study, with six of six MDA− and six of seven MDA+ vaccinated calves and five of five MDA+ unvaccinated control calves being challenged with PI3V. Fifteen calves were included in the BRSV challenge study, with five of five MDA− and five of five MDA+ vaccinated calves and five of five MDA+ unvaccinated control calves being challenged with BRSV.OutcomeFor both challenges, clinical scores and nasal shedding were significantly higher in control animals compared with vaccinates (PI3V challenge: clinical scores P=0.001, nasal shedding P=0.001; BRSV challenge: clinical scores P=0.016, nasal shedding P=0.002) and not significantly different between MDA+ and MDA− vaccinated animals for both challenges (P>0.05). A total of 254 samples from six countries were tested in the serological survey of MDA.ConclusionThe results of the challenge studies demonstrated the efficacy of the vaccine in the presence of BRSV and PI3V MDA under laboratory conditions. The field assessment confirmed that the MDA titres in the MDA+ calves corresponded to those typically found on farms.
Non-linear equation in the re-summed next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD: the leading twist approximation
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Levin Eugene , Meneses Rodrigo , Sanhueza Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use the re-summation procedure, suggested in Ducloué et al. (JHEP 1904:081, 2019), Salam (JHEP 9807:019 1998), Ciafaloni et al. (Phys Rev D 60:1140361999) and Ciafaloni et al. (Phys Rev D 68:114003, 2003), to fix the BFKL kernel in the NLO. However, we suggest a different way to introduce the non-linear corrections in the saturation region, which is based on the leading twist non-linear equation. In the kinematic region: $$\tau \,\equiv \,r^2 Q^2_s(Y)\,\le \,1$$

τ

≡

r
2

Q
s
2

(
Y
)

≤

1

, where r denotes the size of the dipole, Y its rapidity and $$Q_s$$

Q
s

the saturation scale, we found that the re-summation contributes mostly to the leading twist of the BFKL equation. Assuming that the scattering amplitude is small, we suggest using the linear evolution equation in this region. For $$\tau \,>\,1$$

τ

>

1

we are dealing with the re-summation of $$(\bar{\alpha }_S\,\ln \tau )^n$$

(

α

¯

S

ln
τ
)

n

and other corrections in NLO approximation for the leading twist. We find the BFKL kernel in this kinematic region and write the non-linear equation, which we solve analytically. We believe the new equation could be a basis for a consistent phenomenology based on the CGC approach.
Genetically Defined, Syngeneic Organoid Platform for Developing Combination Therapies for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Iyer Sonia , Ran Hao , Dolgalev Igor , Gu Shengqing , Wei Wei , Foster Connor J.R. , Loomis Cynthia A. , Olvera Narciso , Dao Fanny , Levine Douglas A. , Weinberg Robert A. , Neel Benjamin G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paucity of genetically informed, immunocompetent tumor models impedes evaluation of conventional, targeted, and immune therapies. By engineering mouse fallopian tube epithelial organoids using lentiviral gene transduction and/or CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we generated multiple high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer (HGSC) models exhibiting mutational combinations seen in patients with HGSC. Detailed analysis of homologous recombination (HR)–proficient (Trp53−/−;Ccne1OE;Akt2OE;KrasOE), HR-deficient (Trp53−/−;Brca1−/−;MycOE), and unclassified (Trp53−/−;Pten−/−;Nf1−/−) organoids revealed differences in in vitro properties (proliferation, differentiation, and “secretome”), copy-number aberrations, and tumorigenicity. Tumorigenic organoids had variable sensitivity to HGSC chemotherapeutics, and evoked distinct immune microenvironments that could be modulated by neutralizing organoid-produced chemokines/cytokines. These findings enabled development of a chemotherapy/immunotherapy regimen that yielded durable, T cell–dependent responses in Trp53−/−;Ccne1OE;Akt2OE;Kras HGSC; in contrast, Trp53−/−;Pten−/−;Nf1−/− tumors failed to respond. Mouse and human HGSC models showed genotype-dependent similarities in chemosensitivity, secretome, and immune microenvironment. Genotype-informed, syngeneic organoid models could provide a platform for the rapid evaluation of tumor biology and therapeutics.Significance:The lack of genetically informed, diverse, immunocompetent models poses a major barrier to therapeutic development for many malignancies. Using engineered fallopian tube organoids to study the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous effects of specific combinations of mutations found in HGSC, we suggest an effective combination treatment for the currently intractable CCNE1-amplified subgroup.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
Teachers’ perception on quality assurance in teacher education programmes in Nigerian Universitiies
Authors: Okunloye William Rotimi , Olokooba Issa Nasiru , Uyanne Elizabeth Obiageli , Okafor Ifeoma P 
Published: November 2020

The expectation of the labour market on the quality of graduates produced by Faculties of Education in Nigeria universities has become burning issues that many stakeholders in the education sectorfelt unsatisfactory. It becomes imperative to assessthe challenges of quality assurance in teacher education.This study therefore assessedquality assurance in teacher education in Nigerian universities: challenges and way forward. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was all university teachers in Faculties of Education in universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 240 university teachers. A researcher-design questionnaire was used for data collection for the study. The data collected were analysed using means ranking and standard deviation. The findings of the study showed thatthe provision of teachers with adequate academic and professional formativeexperience for teaching and control of examination system with clear procedures as well as ethics of confidentiality and impartiality are the most needed qualities to be assured in teacher education. Overcrowding that leads to poor classroom management and control; instability of academic calendar and adoption of outdated curriculum and inadequate exposure to practical teaching that ensure professionalism are the major challenges in the teacher education. As way out to the challenges, broadening the curriculum of research methodology to improve the student’s project writing skills and emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge in the teaching subject pedagogy, entrepreneurial studies, and computer literacy for functional education need to be considered. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that internal quality assessment in teacher education should be strengthened in the Faculties of Education that would allow for improved pre-service teacher quality products in Teacher Education in Nigerian universities.
Understanding of mathematical concepts through cooperative learning, and learning styles
Authors: Virgana Virgana 
Published: November 2020

The results of the mathematics learning of junior high school students have not been satisfactory. This is due to the low understanding of students' mathematical concepts. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of cooperative learning model and learning style towards the understanding of the mathematical concepts of Junior High School students. The method is factorial experiments with 2 x 3 and sample of the study is 60 students of 8th grade junior high school. The analysis results of variance (ANOVA) indicate the following: the use of cooperative learning model of type Student Team Achievement Division influenced the understanding of the mathematical concepts significantly, there is an significant influence of the learning style towards an understanding of mathematical concepts, and there is also a significant influence of the interaction of cooperative learning model of type Student Team Achievement Division and learning style towards the understanding of mathematical concepts. So it can be concluded that the cooperative learning model can improve understanding of students' mathematical concepts and learning styles is a individual differences of learning students in absorbing mathematics subject matter. We hope that this study can be beneficial for further research to improve student’s achievements in mathematics.
Comparative analysis of students’ achievement in senior school certificate further mathematics examinations in kwara state, Nigeria (2007-2016): Implication for stakeholders in education
Authors: Omoladun Olarewaju Adijat , Tosho Abdulrauf , Suleiman Yusuf , Olanrewaju Muraina Kamilu 
Published: November 2020

This study explored the trends in students’ achievement in Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) in Further Mathematics in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design of ex-post factor type. The sample comprised all Further Mathematics students in 79 public senior secondary schools with 3 Local Government Areas in Kwara State. Two research questions were raised and answered in the study. Frequency count, Percentage and Autoregressive (AR) processes for modelling of time series analyses were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the trend of students’ achievement in WASSCE Further Mathematics from 2007 to 2016 was stochastic with random walk steadily progressive and percentage of the students obtained credit ranged from 23.0 to 77.3; pass ranged from 18.2 to 72.2 and fail ranged from 0.0 to 25.8. It was recommended among others that stakeholders in education should improve the quest for scientific literacy particularly for science-based subjects and further Mathematics curriculum should be all inclusive and non-discriminating to allow development of problem solving ability.
Performance assessment: Teachers beliefs and practices in higher education
Authors: Munif Lukluk Argita , Fauziati Endang , Marmanto Sri 
Published: November 2020

In educating the students, teachers’ beliefs on teaching and learning influenced not only on what to teach and how to do it, but also on how to assess their students. Education has a goal that students can apply the knowledge gained in real world activities. Through assessment process, it helps them to understand their strengths and weaknesses of their abilities development. This research aims to find out teachers’ beliefs about performance assessment and how they use it to assess their students in one of public college under The Ministry of Industry in Indonesia. Data findings are obtained by using interviews, observation and document analysis conducted on T1 and T2 as the participants. Researcher used the five elements of performance assessment to make the instruments and analyze the findings. Results indicated that there were differences between what they say and what they do. The differences appeared because of the theories they knew, their own knowledge and experiences they have in teaching.
The implementation of cooperative learning type team assisted individualisation for teaching 3D geometry
Authors: Tristanti Lia Budi , Hidayati Wiwin Sri 
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a cooperative learning type TAI for teaching 3D geometry and to see whether or not the outcome of cooperative learning type TAI was found better for teaching 3D geometry rather than conventional learning model. This study was a experiment with pretest posttest only control design. The sample are 70 students on the first grade of MA Ismailiyah, Jombang. The sample randomly divided into two classes, that is experimental class and control class. The experimental class used the cooperative learning type TAI, while the control class used the conventional learning model.The instruments consisted of observation sheet for students’ activities, observation sheet for students’ cooperative skills, questionnaire of students’ responses and test sheet of learning outcome. The findings showed that the implimentation of a cooperative learning type TAI for teaching 3D geometry is effective and the outcomes of the students taught 3D geometry using TAI were found better than ones taught using a conventional learning model.
Proposing a model of critical literacy program for fostering Indonesian EFL students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Kurniawati Nia , Sugaryamah Deuis , Hasanah Aan 
Published: November 2020

This study was intended to depict how Critical Literacy Pedagogy (CLP) principles were incorporated in EFL reading class in Indonesian secondary school and the students’ Critical Thinking (CT) were fostered during learning process. This study was a classroom practice-based model of how the principles were transferred into the detailed teaching syntax in an Islamic senior high school in West Java Indonesia. As a case study elaborating how a phenomenon happened, this study explored teaching steps, teacher-students dialogues, questions and the way the questions posed reflecting students’ CT skills, and students’ engagement in the learning process. The use of Indonesian folklores containing controversy predicted to enable students develop their thinking skills became novelty of the study. In addition, three times interventions were designed in which each intervention consisted of (a) teaching critical thinking concept explicitly and implicitly, (b) seven steps of teaching reading procedure incorporating CLP principles (explaining author’s purpose, activating students’ prior knowledge, reading text loudly, discussing text in group, exploring the text in class activities in which Critical Literacy Questions and CT Questions are incorporated, answering comprehension questions in group, and reflection, and (c) CT skills discussion. This study provides an alternative model of teaching CT in Indonesia context.
Galen’s Surgical Commentaries in Oribasius’ Collectiones medicae
Authors: Raiola Tommaso 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In books 46–49 of the Collectiones medicae, Oribasius collects a remarkable number of text excerpts, varying in size, from Galen’s commentaries on Hippocrates’ surgical treatises (In the surgery, On fractures, and On joints). Besides being a witness of indirect tradition for the surviving Greek text of the commentaries, these excerpts offer good overall specimens of Oribasius’ writing method. The paper analyzes some significant examples, in order to highlight Oribasius’ compilatory technique and the strategies he adopted to overcome the difficulties in building a continuous text moving from a non-continuous one.
The Relative Contributions of Temperature and Moisture to Heat Stress Changes under Warming
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreases in the severity of heat stress extremes are potentially one of the most impactful consequences of climate change, affecting human comfort, productivity, health, and mortality in many places on Earth. Heat stress results from a combination of elevated temperature and humidity, but the relative contributions of each of these to heat stress changes have yet to be quantified. Here, conditions for the baseline specific humidity are derived for when specific humidity or temperature dominates heat stress changes, as measured using the equivalent potential temperature (θE). Separate conditions are derived over ocean and over land, in addition to a condition for when relative humidity changes make a larger contribution than the Clausius–Clapeyron response at fixed relative humidity. These conditions are used to interpret the θE responses in transient warming simulations with an ensemble of models participating in phase 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project. The regional pattern of θE changes is shown to be largely determined by the pattern of specific humidity changes, with the pattern of temperature changes playing a secondary role. This holds whether considering changes in seasonal-mean θE or in extreme (98th-percentile) θE events, and uncertainty in the response of specific humidity to warming is shown to be the leading source of uncertainty in the θE response at most land locations. Finally, analysis of ERA5 data demonstrates that the pattern of observed θE changes is also well explained by the pattern of specific humidity changes. These results demonstrate that understanding regional changes in specific humidity is largely sufficient for understanding regional changes in heat stress.
Fremdorganisierte Selbstorganisation. Eine soziologische Diskussion aktueller Managementkonzepte
Authors: Pongratz Hans J. , Voß G. Günter 
Published: November 2020

Aktuelle Managementkonzepte weisen als Selbstreflexionen der industriellen Praxis auf gravierende Umbrüche im Selbstverständnis des Managementhandelns hin. Mit dem Grundprinzip selbstorganisierter Arbeitsprozesse versprechen sie einfache Lösungen klassischer Organisationsprobleme. In dem Aufsatz werden aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht bisher vernachlässigte Ambivalenzen und Schwierigkeiten einer vom Management verordneten (also fremdorganisierten) Selbstorganisation herausgearbeitet. Selbstorganisation bleibt als Managementstrategie eingebunden in den Interessengegensatz von betrieblicher Kontrolle und Autonomieanspruch der Arbeitskräfte - eine Herrschaftstechnik zur Erschließung weiterer Leistungspotentiale der Arbeitnehmer. Die daraus resultierenden neuen Machtungleichgewichte erfordern permanente kontroverse Aushandlungsprozesse. Das Management steht vor ungewohnten Anforderungen: Selbstorganisation erfordert ein Steuerungshandeln, welches Unsicherheit zuläßt und reflektiert damit umgeht -eine Art ‘postheroischen Managements ‘, welches den selbstbewußten Zweifel und den reflektierten Skeptizismus kultiviert.
Incidence of VTE in asymptomatic children with deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tormene Daniela , Campello Elena , Simion Chiara , Turatti Giacomo , Marobin Michelangelo , Radu Claudia Maria , Pontarin Anna , Prandoni Paolo , Simioni Paolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough antithrombin, protein C, and protein S defects are well-recognized inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults, whether they predispose children to these vascular disorders as well is undefined. In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the incidence of spontaneous and risk period–related VTE in children who were family members of adults who, after an episode of symptomatic VTE, had then been identified as carriers of these abnormalities. A total of 134 children from 87 families were enrolled. Seventy (51.5%) of these children were carriers of an inherited defect, and the remaining 64 were not; the mean observation period was 4 years (range, 1-16 years) and 3.9 years (range, 1-13), respectively. Sixteen risk periods were experienced by carriers, and 9 by noncarriers. Six VTE occurred in the 70 carriers during 287 observation-years, accounting for an annual incidence of 2.09% patient-years (95% confidence interval, 0.8-4.5), compared with none in the 64 noncarriers during 248 observation-years. Of the 14 children with thrombophilia who experienced a risk period for thrombosis, 4 (28.6%) developed a VTE episode. The overall incidence of risk-related VTE was 25% per risk period (95% confidence interval, 6.8-64). In conclusion, the thrombotic risk in otherwise healthy children with severe inherited thrombophilia does not seem to differ from that reported for adults with the same defects. Screening for thrombophilia in children who belong to families with these defects seems justified to identify those who may benefit from thromboprophylaxis during risk periods for thrombosis.