bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medulloblastoma genomics in the modern molecular era
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Liu Anthony P. Y. , Northcott Paul A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) represents a spectrum of biologically and clinically distinct entities. Initially described histopathologically as a small, round blue cell tumor arising in the cerebellum, MB has emerged as a paradigm for molecular classification in cancer. Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of MB have further refined molecular classification and complemented conventional histopathological diagnosis. Herein, we review the main clinical and molecular features of the four consensus subgroups of MB (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4). We also highlight hereditary predisposition syndromes associated with increased risk of MB. Finally, we explore advances in the classification of the consensus molecular groups while also presenting cutting‐edge frontiers in identifying intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular origins of MB.
Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth M. , Liu Xinmin , Izzo Angelo A. 
Published: December 2019

The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non‐euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non‐sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Cellular senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype via the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway in cancer
Authors: Loo Tze Mun , Miyata Kenichi , Tanaka Yoko , Takahashi Akiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCellular senescence is historically regarded as a tumor suppression mechanism to prevent damaged cells from aberrant proliferation in benign and premalignant tumors. However, recent findings have suggested that senescent cells contribute to tumorigenesis and age‐associated pathologies through the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Therefore, to control age‐associated cancer, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the SASP in the cancer microenvironment. New findings have suggested that the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, a critical indicator of innate immune response, triggers the SASP in response to accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA (cytoplasmic chromatin fragments, mtDNA and cDNA) in senescent cells. Notably, the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway promotes or inhibits tumorigenesis depending on the biological context in vivo, indicating that it may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Herein, we review the regulatory machinery and biological function of the SASP via the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway in cancer.
Endogenous CXCL9 affects prognosis by regulating tumor‐infiltrating natural killer cells in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Fukuda Yasunari , Asaoka Tadafumi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Yokota Yuki , Kubo Masahiko , Kinoshita Mitsuru , Urakawa Shinya , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Tomimaru Yoshito , Akita Hirofumi , Noda Takehiro , Gotoh Kunihito , Kobayashi Shogo , Hirata Michinari , Wada Hisashi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCXCL9, an IFN‐γ inducible chemokine, has been reported to play versatile roles in tumor‐host interrelationships. However, little is known about its role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Here, we aimed to elucidate the prognostic and biological implications of CXCL9 in iCCA. Endogenous CXCL9 expression and the number of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were immunohistochemically assessed in resection specimens. These data were validated in mice treated by silencing CXCL9 with short hairpin RNA. In addition, the induction of endogenous CXCL9 and the effects of CXCL9 on tumor biological behaviors were evaluated in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that high CXCL9 expression was closely correlated with prolonged postoperative survival and a large number of tumor‐infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells. In fact, due to the trafficking of total and tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand‐expressing NK cells into tumors, CXCL9‐sufficient cells were less tumorigenic in the liver than CXCL9‐deficient cells in mice. Although CXCL9 involvement in tumor growth and invasion abilities differed across cell lines, it did not exacerbate these abilities in CXCL9‐expressing cell lines. We showed that CXCL9 was useful as a prognostic marker. Our findings also suggested that CXCL9 upregulation might offer a therapeutic strategy for treating CXCL9‐expressing iCCA by augmenting anti–tumor immune surveillance.
Pathogenesis of multiple pancreatic cancers involves multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis
Authors: Fujita Yusuke , Matsuda Sachiko , Sasaki Yasushi , Masugi Yohei , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Shinoda Masahiro , Tokino Takashi , Sakamoto Michiie , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are increased opportunities in oncology clinics to identify multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that co‐occur simultaneously or arise metachronously in the pancreatic parenchyma, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. We hypothesized that two potential pathways, multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis, might contribute to forming multiple PDAC. Among 241 resected cases, we identified 20 cancer nodules from nine patients with multiple PDAC (six with synchronous PDAC, one with metachronous PDAC, and two with both synchronous and metachronous PDAC). Integrated clinical, pathological, and mutational analyses, using TP53 and SMAD4 immunostaining and targeted next‐generation sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes, were conducted to examine the intertumor relationships. Four of the nine patients were assessed as having undergone multicentric carcinogenesis because of heterogeneity of immunohistochemical and/or mutation characteristics. In contrast, tumors in the other five patients showed intertumor molecular relatedness. Two of these five patients, available for matched sequencing data, showed two or more shared mutations. Moreover, all the smaller nodules in these five patients showed identical TP53 and SMAD4 expression patterns to the corresponding main tumors. Consequently, these five patients were considered to have undergone intrapancreatic metastasis. None of the five smaller nodules arising from intrapancreatic metastasis was accompanied by pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and three of them were tiny (≤1mm). Patients whose tumors resulted from intrapancreatic metastasis appeared to have higher disease stages and worse outcome than those with tumors from multicentric carcinogenesis. Our results provide insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, showing that the development of multiple PDAC involves distinct evolutionary paths that potentially affect patient prognosis.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Escherichia coli in airway samples
Authors: Schneer Sonia , Khoury Johad , Adir Yochai , Stein Nili , Shaked Mishan Pninit , Ken‐Dror Shifra , Weber Gabriel , Meler Ruth , Khateeb Aysha , Shteinberg Michal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposesEscherichia coli is one of the most common pathogens in nosocomial and community‐acquired infections, but is an uncommon respiratory pathogen. However, this pathogen may at times be seen in respiratory secretions. The study aims to determine the clinical and prognostic value of E. coli in respiratory secretions.MethodsCultures of respiratory secretions from hospitalized and outpatients between 2009 and 2016 were screened for isolation of E. coli. We defined three groups of patients: “Sensitive (S)”—growth of E. coli sensitive to all antimicrobials tested; Intermediate (I)—resistant to 1‐2 antimicrobial classes; and “Resistant (R)”—resistant to at least three antibiotic classes. We compared factors associated with resistant strains and outcomes between the groups.ResultsEighty patients with E. coli isolates from respiratory secretions were identified while screening 177 712 (4.5: 10 000 samples). Of the E. Coli‐positive cultures, 11 were from ambulatory patients, 31 patients were hospitalized and 37 were hospitalized and intubated. Ten people had bronchiectasis and 29 had COPD. Patients with resistant E. coli had significantly more hospitalization days prior to positive culture (S = 1.2 ± 1.89 days, I = 1.23 ± 1.5 days and R = 3.7 ± 5.4 days, respectively; P = 0.002). Mortality was higher in patients with a resistant strain (R) versus (I) or (S) (76.7%, 31.8% and 26.7%, respectively; P < 0.0001) and remained significantly elevated after correction for prior hospital days.ConclusionsPulmonary infection due to E. coli is uncommon. Isolation of resistant E. coli is associated with length of previous hospitalization, elevated mortality and may be viewed as a nosocomial pathogen.
Evaluation of the CT imaging findings in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thromboembolism
Authors: Ozer Gokaslan Cigdem , Onrat Ersel , Gokaslan Serkan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the only pulmonary hypertension that can be treated surgically. Multidedector computerized tomography angiography (MDCTA) is considered as an important tool. In this study, the important CT findings of CTEPH and the vascular MDCTA findings of CTEPH were classified as central, peripheral, central and peripheral. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these groups with parenchymal and hemodynamic findings.Materials and MethodsMDCTA examinations of 26 patients who had been diagnosed with CTEPH were retrospectively reviewed. Vascular, cardiac and parenchymal findings were examined in MDCTA. Patients were divided into three groups as peripheral, central and peripheral and central chronic thromboembolism. The relationship between these groups with demographic, vascular, parenchymal and hemodynamic findings was investigated.ResultsThe most common vascular finding was the wall filling defects attached to the lobar and/or segmental arterial walls, while the parenchymal finding was the fibrotic shrinkage.There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups compared to parenchymal findings which are mosaic pattern, brochiectasis, fibrotic changes and atelectasis, pulmonary artery diameter, right atrial diameter and RV/LV ratio. Age and sex were not different in patients between the three groups.ConclusionThe results of the this study confirm the important role of MDCTA in the evaluation of vascular, cardiac and parenchymal findings in the patients with CTEPH and identifying patients that would most benefit from surgical treatment by visualization of the segmental and subsegmental branches of the pulmonary arteries.
The influence of alcohol consumption among partners in newly cohabiting relationships
Authors: Leggat Geoffrey , Livingston Michael , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Kuntsche Sandra , Callinan Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResearch has linked exposure to the drinking of one's partner or spouse and changes in alcohol‐related behaviours. However, there is a dearth of studies which consider only cohabiting relationships. More couples are preferring to cohabit prior to and in place of marriage. As a result, studies focused on cohabiting couples may provide a more representative consideration of modern long‐term relationships. The present study uses a representative, longitudinal sample with annual follow‐up and aims to determine if cohabiting partner's drinking habits are influenced by their partner's consumption, as well as consider the role of intimacy as a key component of these influences compared to a relationship's label or legal status.Design and MethodsData from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey identified 1483 newly cohabiting, Australian heterosexual couples between 2001 and 2016. Individual alcohol consumption was analysed using a cross‐lagged, three‐wave actor‐partner structural equation model.ResultsA respondent's own drinking was a stable and significant predictor of future consumption, and a greater predictor of later drinking than their partner's. Female consumption generally exerted significant influence on their male partner's later consumption, while male drinking was non‐significant for all but the first year following cohabitation. Overall, women generally had greater influence on their partner's drinking than men.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study furthers our understanding of each partner's role in influencing consumption within intimate relationships. Cohabiting couples appear to have some similarities with married couples regarding partner influence and may better represent the typical contemporary long‐term relationship.
Sitting in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 treated with nusinersen
Authors: Aragon‐Gawinska Karolina , Daron Aurore , Ulinici Ana , Vanden Brande Laura , Seferian Andreea , Gidaro Teresa , Scoto Mariacristina , Deconinck Nicolas , Servais Laurent ,   SMA‐Registry Study Group
Published: December 2019

AimTo determine factors associated with acquisition of a sitting position in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) treated with nusinersen.MethodUsing data from the registry of patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen, we compared the subgroups of sitters and non‐sitters after 14 months of therapy as a function of baseline level,SMN2copy number, age at treatment initiation, and improvement at 2 and 6 months post‐treatment initiation. We used Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, Section 2 (HINE‐2) and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders for motor evaluation.ResultsFifty children (22 females, 28 males), mean age 22 months (SD 20.7; range 2.5–102.8mo) were treated. Data on sitting position acquisition were collected for 47 patients at month 14. Fifteen patients were able to sit unassisted; 11 of 15 had a baseline HINE‐2 score of at least 2 points and 11 of 14 had an improvement over baseline of at least 2 points at month 6. Patients who improved by 2 or more points at month 6 were three times more likely to be sitters at month 14 than those who did not.InterpretationHigh baseline motor function and improvement in HINE‐2 score after 6 months of treatment are associated with the probability of acquiring a sitting position in patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen.What this paper addsFifteen of 47 patients with spinal muscular atrophy could sit unaided 14 months after treatment with nusinersen.The number ofSMN2copies were not predictive of acquisition of a sitting position.Baseline condition and clinical response after 6 months of treatment were most predictive of sitting position acquisition.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes: too little too late
Authors: Javed S. , Hayat T. , Menon L. , Alam U. , Malik R. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes is poorly managed because of its insidious onset, delayed diagnosis and more complex aetiology resulting from the contribution of not only hyperglycaemia, but also ageing, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity. Because there is no US Food and Drug Adminstration‐approved disease‐modifying therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the key to ameliorating it in type 2 diabetes has to be through earlier diagnosis and timely multi‐factorial risk factor reduction. The management of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy also requires a detailed appraisal of the choice of therapy, taking into account efficacy, patient wishes, comorbidities, side effect profile and potential for abuse.
A bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited articles published in the Dental Traumatology
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Vincent Abbott Paul , Khursheed Alam Mohammad , Ahmed Asif Jawaad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsThe impact of a scientific article in its respective field is reflected by its citation count. The purpose of this review was to conduct a citation analysis in order to identify and analyze the top 50 most cited articles published in Dental Traumatology since its inception in order to highlight the contribution of the journal to the field of Dental Traumatology.MethodsElsevier's Scopus was used to search and analyze the 50 most frequently cited scientific papers. After the screening process, two reviewers arranged the articles in a descending order based on their citation counts. Each article was then cross‐matched with Google Scholar. The articles were analyzed, and information including citation counts, citation density, publication year, authorship, contributing institutions and countries, article topic, study design, and keywords was extracted.ResultsThe literature search identified 2421 articles. The citation counts of the 50 selected articles varied from 117 to 580 (Scopus) and 206 to 1130 (Google Scholar). The year in which most top 50 articles were published was 2002 (n = 5). Among 105 authors, the greatest contribution was made by JO Andreasen (n = 12). Most of the articles originated from the United States (n = 12) with the greatest contributions from the University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 6). Original research article was the most frequent study design (n = 34). The majority of the top 50 articles were focused on traumatic dental injuries. Among 131 unique key words, root resorption (n = 6) was the most frequently used. A non‐significant correlation occurred between citation count (correlation coefficient = 0.127, P = .378), citation density (correlation coefficient = 0.654, P = 2.493), and publication age.ConclusionsThis study identified the top 50 most cited articles published in this journal in the specialty of Dental Traumatology. The publication year of an article was not significantly associated with citation count nor citation density.
Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds
Authors: Weeks Brian C. , Willard David E. , Zimova Marketa , Ellis Aspen A. , Witynski Max L. , Hennen Mary , Winger Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIncreasing temperatures associated with climate change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ecology. Using a four‐decade specimen series of 70 716 individuals of 52 North American migratory bird species, we demonstrate that increasing annual summer temperature over the 40‐year period predicts consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa. Concurrently, wing length – an index of body shape that impacts numerous aspects of avian ecology and behaviour – has consistently increased across species. Our findings suggest that warming‐induced body size reduction is a general response to climate change, and reveal a similarly consistent and unexpected shift in body shape. We hypothesise that increasing wing length represents a compensatory adaptation to maintain migration as reductions in body size have increased the metabolic cost of flight. An improved understanding of warming‐induced morphological changes is important for predicting biotic responses to global change.
Inspiratory muscle training and testing: Rationale, development and feasibility
Authors: Allen Kate J. , Fitzharris Laura E. , McConnell Alison K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInspiratory muscle training applies a training stimulus directly to the inspiratory muscles and is distinct from whole‐body training. The potential benefits of inspiratory muscle training have yet to be explored in horses.ObjectivesThe objectives were as follows: (a) to develop an equine‐specific method of testing and training inspiratory muscles; (b) to assess tolerance and feasibility in a pilot study in a commercial Thoroughbred training establishment.Study designField study.MethodsA mask was used to interface commercial human inspiratory muscle training equipment. Ten horses undertook inspiratory muscle training once daily while stood in the stable approximately 5 days/wk over a 9‐week period. Inspiratory muscle strength testing employed a continuous incremental inspiratory loading protocol alternating two loaded and two minimally loaded breaths until failure to tolerate the load occurred or the maximum 60 breaths were completed. The inspiratory muscle strength testing was undertaken twice; firstly, in 10 horses with minimal acclimatisation and secondly, in eight horses experienced with the inspiratory muscle training programme.ResultsThe 10 horses undertook inspiratory muscle training for a median of 42 days, reaching a median peak training load of 32.5 cm H2O. One horse did not tolerate the mask with repeated snorting and was replaced. All horses completed the inspiratory muscle strength testing. The median peak value in inspiratory muscle strength testing protocol 1 was 27 cm H2O and in inspiratory muscle strength testing protocol 2 was 41 cm H2O. Two of 10 horses reached the maximum possible value in inspiratory muscle strength testing protocol 1; therefore, the test was adapted to permit a higher maximum value, despite this 3/8 horses reached the maximum possible value in inspiratory muscle strength testing protocol 2.Main limitationsA small number of horses were assessed. The inspiratory muscle strength testing protocol was refined during the study and requires additional refinement.ConclusionInspiratory muscle testing and training were feasible and tolerated in horses. Further research is required to understand whether the inspiratory muscle strength testing values obtained correlate with other physiological/performance outcomes. The potential benefits and/or adverse effects of inspiratory muscle training warrant further investigation.