bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study to Understand 3D Facial Differences in a Population of African Americans and Caucasians
Authors: Kau Chung H. , Wang Jue , Davis Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to use three-dimensional surface imaging to determine gender dimorphism and facial morphological changes from adolescence to adulthood in African American and Caucasian populations.
Materials and Methods Three-dimensional images were captured and the total sample size included 371 subjects. Images were combined using Rapidform 2006 Plus Pack 2 software to produce a male and female facial average for each population. Comparisons were conducted within the following categories: (1) gender comparison within each race, (2) adult and adolescent comparison within each race, and (3) adult and adolescent comparison between the races.
Results Adolescent gender comparisons within each race showed high percentages of similarity. However, adult females in both races showed more prominent periorbital, malar, and nasolabial regions and less prominent lower forehead, nose, and lower face compared with adult males of the same race. African American adult females showed increase in length and width of the face, increased nasal tip projection, and decreased periorbital regions compared with African American adolescent females. Welsh adult females had an increase in the nose and chin projection compared with Welsh adolescent females. Adult males of both races had increase in nose and chin projection, increase in length and width of the face, and decreased periorbital, malar, and nasolabial regions compared with adolescent males of the same race. African American adolescents had a wider alar base, more protrusive lips, and periorbital regions, and less prominent nose and chin compared with the Welsh adolescents. African American adults also had a wider alar base; more protrusive lips and periorbital regions; a broader face; and more retrusive chin, nose, nasolabial region; and lower forehead compared with Welsh adults.
Conclusions Few differences were noted between genders within the same racial groups during adolescence. However, changes became more distinct in adulthood. From adolescence to adulthood, facial morphologies were similarly matched within the gender for females; however, there were significant changes for males. Lastly, facial morphology patterns tend to be established early in life.
Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation and Microleakage of Three Glass Ionomer-Based Class V Restorations: In Vitro Study
Authors: Ebaya Maha M. , Ali Ashraf I. , Mahmoud Salah H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the marginal adaptation and microleakage of class V cavities restored with conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and bioactive ionic resin (BIR) restorative materials after 6 months of water storage.
Materials and Methods One hundred twenty standardized class V cavities (2 mm deep, 4 mm in width, and 3 mm in height) were prepared in sound extracted human molar teeth, where the coronal margins were in enamel while the cervical margins were in dentin. Three glass ionomer-based restorations were tested (n = 40): GIC (Equia Fil), RMGI (Fuji II LC), and BIR (ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative). Half of the teeth from each group (n = 20) were evaluated for their marginal adaptation with scanning electron microscopy and the other half submitted to dye penetration test to examine microleakage. Further division for each subgroup (n = 10) occurred to be tested immediately, while the remaining teeth were examined after keeping for 6 months and thermocycling.
Statistical analysis The outcomes were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results No statistically significant differences were observed among the three studied restorative materials. However, the differences were statistically significant in microleakage test between enamel and dentin and after water aging.
Conclusion All tested restorative materials exhibited the same marginal adaptation and microleakage. Dentin substrate revealed greater microleakage than enamel, especially with BIR restorative material. Water aging had a negative effect on RMGI with respect to microleakage.
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Cerebral Oxygenation in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hansen Jan Hinnerk , Kissner Lydia , Chitadze Guranda , Logoteta Jana , Jung Olaf , Dütschke Peter , Attmann Tim , Scheewe Jens , Kramer Hans-Heiner 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Neonates undergoing surgery for complex congenital heart disease are at risk of developmental impairment. Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury might be a contributing factor. We aimed to investigate the perioperative release of the astrocyte cytoskeleton component glial fibrillary acid protein and its relation to cerebral oxygenation.
Methods Serum glial fibrillary acid protein levels were measured before and 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Reference values were based on preoperative samples; concentrations above the 95th percentile were defined as elevated. Cerebral oxygenation was derived by near-infrared spectroscopy.
Results Thirty-six neonates undergoing 38 surgeries utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled (complete data available for 35 procedures). Glial fibrillary acid protein was elevated after 18 surgeries (arterial switch: 7/12; Norwood: 5/15; others: 6/8; p = 0.144). Age at surgery was higher in cases with elevated serum levels (6 [4–7] vs. 4 [2–5] days, p = 0.009) and intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation was lower (70 ± 10% vs. 77 ± 7%, p = 0.029). In cases with elevated postoperative glial fibrillary acid protein, preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation was lower for neonates undergoing the arterial switch operation (55 ± 9% vs. 64 ± 4%, p = 0.048) and age at surgery was higher for neonates with a Norwood procedure (7 [6–8] vs. 5 [4–6] days, p = 0.028).
Conclusions Glial fibrillary acid protein was elevated after ∼50% of neonatal cardiac surgeries and was related to cerebral oxygenation and older age at surgery. The potential value as a biomarker for cerebral injury after neonatal cardiac surgery warrants further investigation; in particular, the association with neurodevelopmental outcome needs to be determined.
Variable functional connectivity architecture of the preterm human brain: Impact of developmental cortical expansion and maturation
Authors: Stoecklein Sophia , Hilgendorff Anne , Li Meiling , Förster Kai , Flemmer Andreas W. , Galiè Franziska , Wunderlich Stephan , Wang Danhong , Stein Sophie , Ehrhardt Harald , Dietrich Olaf , Zou Qihong , Zhou Shuqin , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Liu Hesheng 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceEven though preterm brains are immature and will undergo a myriad of developmental processes, they already display great interindividual differences in their functional connectivity (FC) architecture. Interestingly, functionally less variable brain regions are morphologically more mature around term birth than functionally more complex and variable brain regions. Despite the overall resemblance of variability patterns in preterm infants and adults, some brain regions, especially in higher cognitive networks, show a developmental shift toward greater FC variability in adults, related to postnatal cortical expansion. Our result of robust variability distribution in the preterm brain indicates the need to develop individualized FC measures that may lead to predictors of nervous function in this high-risk population.
Sadness, but not all negative emotions, heightens addictive substance use
Authors: Dorison Charles A. , Wang Ke , Rees Vaughan W. , Kawachi Ichiro , Ericson Keith M. M. , Lerner Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceThe epidemic of deaths attributable to addictive substances, including tobacco, highlights the need to better understand ways in which emotions drive substance craving and consumption. In a test of alternative theories of emotion and decision making, we found that sadness, specifically, rather than negative mood, generally, increased addictive substance use. In a nationally representative, longitudinal sample, sadness—but not other negative emotions—reliably predicted current smoking and relapse 20 y later. In laboratory experiments with real smokers, sadness increased both impatience for cigarette puffs and actual volume of puffs taken. Results provide not only theoretical implications but also policy implications for the design of antismoking public service announcements, which could unintentionally increase cigarette cravings among smokers if they trigger sadness.
How to balance China’s sustainable development goals through industrial restructuring: a multi-regional input–output optimization of the employment–energy–water–emissions nexus
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Wang Ke , Wei Yi-Ming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To effectively manage economic transition and pursue sustainable development, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies in the 13th Five Year (2016–2020) Plan (FYP), covering social security, economic growth, energy transition, resource conservation, and environmental protection. To balance the various 13th FYP policy targets, we propose a multi-objective optimization model based on multi-regional input–output analysis. The model integrates the management of employment, energy consumption, water use, carbon emissions, and pollutant emissions by determining a policy-dominated industrial restructuring pathway that would best achieve consistency in sustainable development policies, adaptation to the national industrial development trend, and regional equity among China’s provinces. Synergies and trade-offs among various policies are also discussed. Our optimization results show that an energy-consumption-dominated industrial restructuring pathway is the best solution, as it would satisfy various sustainable targets, facilitate (restrain) development of high-value-added (high-energy-consumption and high-emissions) sectors, as well as improve regional equity. Therefore, to realize sustainability, the energy policy should be prioritized when formulating an industrial restructuring pathway. Applying such a multi-objective optimization model provides policymakers with a comprehensive approach to support sustainable development policies.
Adaptation to uncertain sea-level rise; how uncertainty in Antarctic mass-loss impacts the coastal adaptation strategy of the Netherlands
Authors: Haasnoot M , Kwadijk J , van Alphen J , Le Bars D , van den Hurk B , Diermanse F , van der Spek A , Essink G Oude , Delsman J , Mens M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Uncertainties in the rate and magnitude of sea-level rise (SLR) complicate decision making on coastal adaptation. Large uncertainty arises from potential ice mass-loss from Antarctica that could rapidly increase SLR in the second half of this century. The implications of SLR may be existential for a low-lying country like the Netherlands and warrant exploration of high-impact low-likelihood scenarios. To deal with uncertain SLR, the Netherlands has adopted an adaptive pathways plan. This paper analyzes the implications of storylines leading to extreme SLR for the current adaptive plan in the Netherlands, focusing on flood risk, fresh water resources, and coastline management. It further discusses implications for coastal adaptation in low-lying coastal zones considering timescales of adaptation including the decisions lifetime and lead-in time for preparation and implementation. We find that as sea levels rise faster and higher, sand nourishment volumes to maintain the Dutch coast may need to be up to 20 times larger than to date in 2100, storm surge barriers will need to close at increasing frequency until closed permanently, and intensified saltwater intrusion will reduce freshwater availability while the demand is rising. The expected lifetime of investments will reduce drastically. Consequently, step-wise adaptation needs to occur at an increasing frequency or with larger increments while there is still large SLR uncertainty with the risk of under- or overinvesting. Anticipating deeply uncertain, high SLR scenarios helps to enable timely adaptation and to appreciate the value of emission reduction and monitoring of the Antarctica contribution to SLR.
Mapping social-ecological systems archetypes
Authors: Rocha Juan , Malmborg Katja , Gordon Line , Brauman Kate , DeClerck Fabrice 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Achieving sustainable development goals requires targeting and monitoring sustainable solutions tailored to different social and ecological contexts. A social-ecological systems (SESs) framework was developed to help diagnose problems, identify complex interactions, and solutions tailored to each SES. Here we develop a data-driven method for upscaling the SES framework and apply it to a context where data is scarce, but also where solutions towards sustainable development are needed. The purpose of upscaling the framework is to create a tool that facilitates decision-making in data-scarce contexts. We mapped SES by applying the framework to poverty alleviation and food security issues in the Volta River basin in Ghana and Burkina Faso. We found archetypical configurations of SES in space, and discuss where agricultural innovations such as water reservoirs might have a stronger impact at increasing food availability and therefore alleviating poverty and hunger. We conclude by outlining how the method can be used in other SES comparative studies.
Analysis of carrying capacity of agricultural land in supporting sustainable food self-sufficiency in Tegal Regency
Authors: Fuad A , Mulatsih S , Purnamawati H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Population growth and industrial development led to the conversion of agricultural land, and then disturb the food self-sufficiency. The objective of this research is to analyze the status of food self-sufficiency in Tegal Regency, estimated from Carrying Capacity (CC), using secondary data from BPS Statistics Indonesia. The formula of CC developed from a combined concept of the theory of Odum, Cristeiler, E Howard and Issard. The results showed that there were three Subdistricts in Tegal Regency, namely Balapulang, Pagerbarang and Warureja Subdistricts that were capable of self-sufficiency in food and were able to provide a decent life for their residents. The agricultural land carrying capacity in Tegal Regency was 1.62, which means that Tegal Regency is capable of self-sufficiency in food but has not been able to provide a decent life for its population. The carrying capacity of agricultural land is projected to decline to 1.34 in 2037. However, in 2037 Tegal Regency will remain self-sufficient in rice with the condition that it can maintain a trend of the population growth rate of 0.33%, rice consumption of 114.6 kg/capita/year, planting index (IP) 168% or 1.68 and rice crop productivity of 5.82 tons/ha per year.
Thermal spectrum characteristics of blue light flare irradiation and its impact on surroundings biotic and abiotic environment
Authors: Agusta H , Handoyo G C , Rusparyati E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A recent modification of flare light irradiation with a high-pressure system in blue light color has been causing performance improvement of the flare light so that it is more invisible at the daylight time and in the night as well. It has been reducing social complaints. Field observation was conducted in 2011 in Jambi. Blue light showed very low irradiation, illumination, quantum value and ultraviolet at the soil surface. Its surrounding thermal spectrum was recorded with an infrared thermal imager and its impact on ambient and soil temperature was found as insignificant. There was also found that latex production and understory vegetation biodiversity at the distance of 225-800 m from the radiation source was not affected by the irradiation
Identified solution management in the landfill with analytic network process
Authors: Ratnawati B , Yani M , Suprihatin  , Hardjomijojo H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The solution to solve these challenges is the waste management. The waste management is needed to solve starting from upstream to downstream. The waste management in downstream is in the landfill. The management Landfill not only manages solid waste but also waste water treatment. One form of waste water treatments in a landfill is the leachate treatment. The leachate treatment is a priority for management in landfill because it can reduce water, soil, air pollution in the landfill and the surrounding environment. In order to determine the best option among several alternatives to manage the leachate treatment, this research used Analytic Network Process (ANP) with three levels (actors, criteria, and alternatives). Secondary and primary data collection was carried out from April until June 2019 in Indonesia. Data were collected through a survey using questionnaire instrument. Participants of questionnaire amount of 20 people. The participants from lecturers, government, and society. The finding of this research showed that the leachate treatment using coagulation-flocculation was easier to be used in Indonesia.
The Hunting of White-tailed rat by Minahasa Tribe, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Laatung S , Fuah A M , Masy’ud B , Sumantri C , Dohong S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The tradition of eating and trading wild animals (bushmeat) is said to have existed for thousands of years ago and has remained to this day. Forest rats are one of the wild animals which in recent times have been hunted and used meat for consumption. The phenomenon of scarcity and decline in the population of forest rats in their habitat in the forest area of North Sulawesi is thought to have begun. The objective of this study was to investigate the hunting activities of white-tailed rat by the Minahasa tribe, North Sulawesi from September to October 2018. The method used snowball sampling for selecting rat hunters as respondents. A total of 60 hunters were interviewed in two villages. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires surveys. The result shows that local people generally do hunting for hobby (55%). They are generally farmers, with low levels of education and income. They primarily use guns (4 8.33%) for catching rats, while the other use dog (23.33%), trap (8.33%) and all three (20%). Hunting time of white-tailed rat done during day and night. There are other types of wild animals that are hunted such as bat, bird, wild pig, snake, and squirrel.
Is forest remnants able to support bird community? Case in tropical lowland forest of West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A , Hasan M , Kaban A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLowland tropical forests have undergone intensive fragmentation, resulting in the creating of many forest remnants. The aim of the research was to reveal how much tropical lowland forest remnant in West Java is able to support bird communities. The research was conducted during rainy and dry season in Dramaga and Haurbentes Experiment Forest (each covered 60 ha), by employing a standard point count method, for 5 days in each land use, using a 1.2 km transects of 5 points each (300 m distance) in April to October 2016. Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Jaccard’s similarity indices (SIJ) were calculated. The variation of species composition for both seasons was also compared. Bird richness was 30 species for Dramaga (H’ 2.72) and 39 species for Haurbentes (H’ 2.91), both seasons combined. SIJwas 0.39 (both seasons combined). Season had a significant impact on bird diversity and composition, where rainy season supported more birds in Haurbentes, but the opposite in Dramaga. Forest remnants were able to support the bird community, mostly small-sized insectivores, frugivores, granivores, and nectarivores. Small remnants were not able to support raptors (e.g., kite), medium to large-sized frugivores (hornbills, pigeon), medium-sized woodpeckers, as well as species preferred thick bushes and shrubs (e.g. babbler, starlings, crows, magpies).
Development of sustainable agricultural indicators at provincial levels in Indonesia: A Case study of rice
Authors: Mucharam I , Rustiadi E , Fauzi A , Harianto  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The sustainability of the agricultural sector in Indonesia, especially the food crop subsector is currently faced with serious threats. It is necessary to develop indicators that can be used to measure the sustainability of the rice farming system in Indonesia so that it can be used as a reference for formulating agricultural development strategies to maintain its sustainability. This research focuses on developing indicators to measure the level of sustainability of rice agriculture at the provincial level in Indonesia. From the results of the literature review and focus group discussion (FGD), a list of indicator nominations was obtained which were then analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the results of the PCA, four principal components consisting of sixteen indicators with a total variance value explained at 73.84% can be used as a reference to assess the sustainability of rice farming at the provincial level, namely: farmer exchange rate, rice productivity, ratio of irrigated land, cropping index, crop failure because of drought, population growth rate, access to financing services, chemical fertilizers, ratio of young farmers, village road access, agricultural extension program, local resource utilization, field extension staff, location-specific technology, extension institutions and farmer groups grade qualification. The list of indicators can be used as a reference for evaluating the sustainability of rice agriculture at the provincial levels in Indonesia.
The analysis of skin surface temperature and water vapor on volcanic eruption (case study: Mt. Kelud)
Authors: Noor A B S , Hidayat R , Perdinan  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The post-volcanic eruption can be one of main factors in climate variability. The last incident of Kelud eruption had been occurred at 22:50 WIB, 13 February 2014. This paper aims to analyze the climatology of skin surface temperature (SKT), total column water vapor (TCWV), and mixing ratio at 500 mb before eruption from ERA-Interim and the processes before and after eruptions from Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. Global Forecast System (GFS) data was used for WRF as initial condition and boundary condition, while ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset was used as a comparison. Bias correction was used to adjust WRF output with ERA-Interim on SKT and TCWV. SKT interval between day and night ranges from 21-23°C (WRF) and 12°C (ERA-Interim). There are 56 SKT WRF and 5 SKT ERA-Interim anomalous day before eruption. TCWV anomalies from WRF have consistent variation with ERA-Interim and there are 2 TCWV anomalies exceed 2 standard deviation. There were no TCWV anomalies detected on ERA-Interim, but were detected on WRF 2 days before and 3 days after eruption above 2 standard deviations. Mixing ratio shows a downward trend before and after the eruption.