bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration, Diaspora and Citizenship: A Qualitative Study of the Perceptions of Pakistani Nationals towards the Political Rights of Pakistani Dual Citizens
Authors: Chaudhry Ayesha Masood , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dual citizenship has been the subject of intense political debate in Pakistan barring the elected representatives, in parliament, the provincial assemblies and the presidency, from holding dual nationality. The perceptions that holding a foreign citizenship challenges the undiluted loyalty to country further engender question mark over their political participation in country’s affairs. A qualitative study has been carried out in the city of Rawalpindi to explore the stance of Pakistani nationals on such exclusion of Pakistani dual citizens from mainstream politics of Pakistan asking should the individual’s association to the state be an exclusive one? In this paper, in‐depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 40 male and female respondents (22 Pakistani citizens, 18 Pakistani dual citizens) and 6 constitutional experts. The results indicate distrust among Pakistani citizens when considering dual citizens’ right of representation in general elections of Pakistan, stemming from a mistrust of their “split loyalties”.
Utilizing the autocatalysis of Co to prepare low‐cost WC‐Co powder for high‐performance atmospheric plasma spraying
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yue Fen , Li Shaofu , Yang Yafeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel method of incorporating fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) with electroless plating was developed to effectively prepare the core‐shell structured WC‐Co composite powders. The Co nanoparticles decorated on the surface of WC particles by FBCVD acted as active catalysts for the subsequent electroless plating process. The particle size and quantity of the decorated Co particles determined the electroless plating rate but the particle size played more important role. For the conditions tested, the maximum electroless plating rate of 2.34 mg/g/min was obtained by using an optimal FBCVD pretreatment at 750°C for 3 minutes. WC‐12Co composite powders with a commercial composition widely used for atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) were efficiently prepared. The composite powders exhibited excellent suitability for APS by forming a homogenous Co‐W‐C ternary liquid stream. The APS coating is not only well‐bonded with the substrate but also consisted of hard nonequilibrium Co3W3C and W2C phases with a uniform distribution. Both remarkably improved the hardness and tribological properties of the APS coating.
Microstructure and plasma corrosion behavior of yttria coatings prepared by the aerosol deposition method
Authors: Ashizawa Hiroaki , Masakatsu Kiyohara , Yoshida Katsumi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParticle contamination arising from inner ceramic components of the plasma etching equipment has become a serious issue. Yttria (Y2O3) coatings prepared via aerosol deposition (AD) have demonstrated superior plasma resistance in the reduction of particle contamination. The superior particle contamination performance of Y2O3 coatings prepared by AD has been speculatively attributed to its unique microstructure; however, the relationship between the coatings’ microstructure and plasma corrosion behavior has been insufficiently clarified. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the microstructure and plasma corrosion behavior of Y2O3 coatings prepared by the AD method and compared the results with those for coatings prepared by other coating methods. When internal pores are present, these internal pores were selectively plasma corroded; plasma corrosion marks reflecting their pore shape were formed, and the surface roughness increased with increasing plasma exposure time. However, when no internal pores were present, as in the case of the AD coating, the surfaces were homogeneously corroded and maintained their initial surface. As the risk of particle contamination caused by the corrosion of the plasma‐resistant coatings is greatly increased with surface roughness, we concluded that the Y2O3 coating prepared via AD will contribute greatly to reducing particle contamination.
Parents' knowledge of their child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: An interpretative synthesis
Authors: Kruithof Kasper , Willems Dick , van Etten‐Jamaludin Faridi , Olsman Erik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundParents’ knowledge of their child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is seen as crucial in the support and care for their child. The aim of this study was to explore the nature and transferability of this knowledge.MethodWe conducted an interpretative synthesis, searched PubMed, CINAHL, Philosopher's Index and PsycINFO and included fourteen studies.ResultsParents’ knowledge was based on their long‐lasting and special bond with their child and described as an intuition, a gut feeling, a sixth sense and a sense of knowing. Parents applied their knowledge as experts in interpreting their child's intended communication, well‐being and pain, and as advocates opposing the more objectivist approach of medical professionals. Showing by example and passing on narratives were seen as important ways of transferring this knowledge.ConclusionsSuggestions are made on how to apply and retain parents’ knowledge to improve care and support for people with PIMD.
Sedative effects of intergroup contact on support for ethnic activism among Kosovo Albanians in Switzerland: The interplay of ethnic, national, and dual identification
Authors: Politi Emanuele , Giroud Adrienne , Green Eva G. T. , Maloku Edona 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA large body of research has demonstrated that intergroup contact is a powerful tool for reducing prejudice among majority group members. Yet, research among minority group members has revealed a more complex picture. The present contribution advances recent research on sedative effects of intergroup contact on support for ethnic activism, by investigating how identity dynamics undermine ethnic minorities' claims for better conditions and equal rights. More precisely, we disentangled the mediating roles played by reduced ethnic and increased national identification as a consequence of intergroup contact, while considering the moderating role of dual identification. Results from a cross‐sectional study among an understudied immigrant minority, Kosovo Albanians in Switzerland, indicate that dual identification moderated the sedative effect of intergroup contact on support for ethnic activism via decreased ethnic identification, while no support for conditional processes of intergroup contact via increased national identification were found. Intergroup contact was linked to reduced ethnic identification, which in turn related to increased support for ethnic activism, but only when dual identification was low. Conversely, when dual identification was high, ethnic identification was unrelated to support for ethnic activism, and intergroup contact reduced ethnic activism directly. To conclude, we discuss the mobilizing role of dual identification, and reflect on how ethnic and national components of dual identities affect the politicization of stigmatized minorities.
Dual computer displays reduce extraneous cognitive load
Authors: Miller Robert A. , Stenmark Cheryl K. , Ittersum Kyle van 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDual display desktop computers are becoming more prevalent in the home, workplace, and schools, yet there has been little research into how learning and productivity are impacted by having a second display. One useful method in exploring this question is to measure cognitive load during an intensive learning event. This study compared perceived cognitive load among participants in a military training program using one or two computer displays. Participants using dual monitors reported lower unnecessary cognitive load than participants using one monitor. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Reproducibility of pulmonary vein isolation guided by the ablation index: 1‐year outcome of the AIR registry
Authors: Stabile Giuseppe , Lepillier Antoine , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Scaglione Marco , Anselmino Matteo , Sebag Frederic , Pecora Domenico , Gallagher Mark , Rillo Mariano , Viola Graziana , Rossi Luca , De Santis Valerio , Landolina Maurizio , Castro Antonello , Grimaldi Massimo , Badenco Nicolas , Del Greco Maurizio , De Simone Antonio , Pisanò Ennio , Abbey Salim , Lamberti Filippo , Pani Antonio , Zucchelli Giulio , Sgarito Giuseppe , Dugo Daniela , Bertaglia Emanuele , Strisciuglio Teresa , Solimene Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAblation index (AI) is a new lesion quality marker that has been demonstrated to allow a high single‐procedure arrhythmia‐free survival in single‐center studies. This prospective, multi‐center study was designed to evaluate the reproducibility of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation guided by the AI.MethodsA total of 490 consecutive patients with paroxysmal (80.4%) and persistent AF underwent first time PV isolation and were divided in four study groups according to operator's preference in choosing the ablation catheter (a contact force (ST) or contact force surround flow (STSF) catheter) and the AI setting (330‐450 or 380‐500 at anterior wall or posterior wall, respectively).ResultsAt 12 months a high rate of freedom from AF recurrences was observed in patients with both paroxysmal and persistent AF (91% vs 83.3%; P = .039). There was no difference in the rate of AF recurrence among the four study groups (4.5% in group ST330‐450, 12.2% in group ST 380‐500, 14.9% in group STSF330‐450, 9.4% in group STSF380‐500; P = .083). Recurrence was also similar between patients treated with a ST (8%) or STSF catheter (12.1%; P = .2), and within patients targeting an AI settings of 330 to 450 (10.9%) or 380 to 500 (10.3%; P = .64). In patients with paroxysmal AF, there was no difference (P = .12) in the 1‐year freedom from AF recurrence among 14 operators that performed ≥10 ablation procedure.ConclusionsAn ablation protocol respecting strict criteria for contiguity and quality lesion resulted in high rate of 1‐year freedom from AF recurrence, irrespective of the ablation catheters, AI settings, and operator.
Antiphospholipid antibody‐activated NETs exacerbate trophoblast and endothelial cell injury in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Lu Yuan , Dong Yan , Zhang Yan , Shen Di , Wang Xiyao , Ge Ruxiu , Zhang Meihua , Xia Yu , Wang Xietong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants, women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may face pregnancy complications associated with placental dysplasia. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including vascular APS; however, their role in obstetric APS is unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of NETs by quantifying cell‐free DNA and NET marker levels. Live‐cell imaging was used to visualize NET formation, and MAPK signalling pathway proteins were analysed. Cell migration, invasion and tube formation assays were performed to observe the effects of NETs on trophoblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The concentrations of cell‐free DNA and NETs in sera of pregnant patients with APS were elevated compared with that of healthy controls (HCs) matched to gestational week. APS neutrophils were predisposed to spontaneous NET release and IgG purified from the patients (APS‐IgG) induced neutrophils from HCs to release NETs. Additionally, APS‐IgG NET induction was abolished with inhibitors of reactive oxygen species, AKT, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. Moreover, NETs were detrimental to trophoblasts and HUVECs. In summary, APS‐IgG‐induced NET formation deserves further investigation as a potential novel therapeutic target in obstetrical APS.
Ancient genes can be served as pan‐cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Ji Xiangwen , Cui Qinghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne important challenge for cancer is efficient biomarkers monitoring its formation and developments remain greatly limited. Although the accumulated big omics data provide great opportunities to the above purpose, the biomarkers identified by the data‐driven strategy often do not work well in new datasets, which is one of the main bottlenecks limiting their utilities. Given that atavistic phenotype is generally observed in cancer cells, we have been suggested that the activity of progenitor genes in tumour could serve as an efficient cancer biomarker. For doing so, we first curated 77 progenitor genes and then proposed a quantitative score to evaluate cancer progenitorness. After applying progenitorness score to ~ 22 000 samples, 33 types of cancers from 81 datasets, this method generally performs well in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring of cancers. This study proposed a potential pan‐cancer biomarker and revealed a significant role of atavism in the formation and development of cancers.
Sleep‐dependent consolidation in children with comprehension and vocabulary weaknesses: it’ll be alright on the night?
Authors: James Emma , Gaskell M. Gareth , Henderson Lisa M. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundVocabulary is crucial for an array of life outcomes and is frequently impaired in developmental disorders. Notably, ‘poor comprehenders’ (children with reading comprehension deficits but intact word reading) often have vocabulary deficits, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Prior research suggests intact encoding but difficulties consolidating new word knowledge. We test the hypothesis that poor comprehenders’ sleep‐associated vocabulary consolidation is compromised by their impoverished lexical‐semantic knowledge.MethodsMemory for new words was tracked across wake and sleep to assess encoding and consolidation in 8‐to‐12‐year‐old good and poor comprehenders. Each child participated in two sets of sessions, one beginning in the morning (AM‐encoding) and the other in the evening (PM‐encoding). In each case, they were taught 12 words and were trained on a spatial memory task. Memory was assessed immediately, 12‐ and 24‐hr later via stem‐completion, picture‐naming, and definition tasks to probe different aspects of word knowledge. Long‐term retention was assessed 1–2 months later.ResultsRecall of word‐forms improved over sleep and postsleep wake, as measured in both stem‐completion and picture‐naming tasks. Counter to hypotheses, deficits for poor comprehenders were not observed in consolidation but instead were seen across measures and throughout testing, suggesting a deficit from encoding. Variability in vocabulary knowledge across the whole sample predicted sleep‐associated consolidation, but only when words were learned early in the day and not when sleep followed soon after learning.ConclusionsPoor comprehenders showed weaker memory for new words than good comprehenders, but sleep‐associated consolidation benefits were comparable between groups. Sleeping soon after learning had long‐lasting benefits for memory and may be especially beneficial for children with weaker vocabulary. These results provide new insights into the breadth of poor comprehenders’ vocabulary weaknesses, and ways in which learning might be better timed to remediate vocabulary difficulties.
Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with graft versus host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chiengthong Kanhatai , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Lertjitbanjong Ploypin , Cato Liam D , Bathini Tarun , Ungprasert Patompong , Mao Michael A , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveVitamin D status plays an important role in immunoregulation, and a deficiency is believed to be related to Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aim to study the association between vitamin D deficiency and GVHD after HSCT.MethodsA literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library Database from inception to July 2019. Eligible studies were required to1 be clinical trials or observational studies (cohort, case‐control, or cross‐sectional studies);2 provide data to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of GVHD in HSCT patients with vitamin D deficiency. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using random‐effects meta‐analysis through the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 3.3 software.ResultsIn total, 8 observational studies consisting of 1335 HSCT patients were enrolled in this systematic review. Overall, there was no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and acute GVHD (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.74‐1.53, P > 0.05). There was no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and chronic GVHD (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.72‐4.26, P > 0.05). Funnel plots and Egger regression asymmetry test were performed and showed no publication bias.ConclusionThere is not a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and neither acute nor chronic GVHD.
Intervention study for the reduction of medication errors in elderly trauma patients
Authors: Parro Martín María de los Ángeles , Muñoz García María , Delgado Silveira Eva , Martín‐Aragón Álvarez Sagrario , Bermejo Vicedo Teresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the impact of a set of measures designed by a working group to reduce medication errors (MEs) during the care transition of elderly trauma patients. The secondary objectives were to classify MEs and determine their location.MethodsA 43‐month pre‐post prospective intervention study in a university hospital. A working group was set up in the Trauma Service. A pharmacist analysed the pharmacotherapeutic processes of all patients admitted to the Trauma Service in different healthcare locations from Monday to Friday. To detect MEs, the pharmacist reviewed this process at the following points: reconciliation, prescription, validation, dispensing, and administration records. Errors were classified according to the Ruiz Jarabo classification. Subsequently, the working group designed a set of measures that were implemented with the incorporation into the Acute Care Team and the intervention of a pharmacist. Data on MEs were again collected in a post‐implementation phase.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in MEs between phases. A total of 132 (31.3%) patients experienced MEs during the pre‐implementation phase and 75 (16.2%) during the post‐implementation phase. Among the measures implemented, the incorporation of the pharmacist to the team, as well as training sessions and design of medication protocols. During the pre‐implementation and post‐implementation phases, the ME rates were respectively as follows: reconciliation 31.6% (172) vs 14.8% (91); prescription 7.7% (79) vs 1.9% (23); dispensing 1% (10) vs 0.3% (3); administration record 0.4% (4) vs 0.0% (0); and validation 0.3% (3) vs 0.1% (1). There were significant reductions in reconciliation, prescription, and dispensing errors. The majority of the MEs occurred in the Trauma Service.ConclusionsThe implementation of specific measures by a Multidisciplinary Safety Group reduced MEs in the care transition of elderly trauma patients, particularly those MEs that occurred during reconciliation. The greatest reduction in MEs occurred in the Trauma Service.
Enhanced elimination of Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin by sequential exposure to ultrasound and peroxyacetic acid
Authors: Joo Hyun‐Jung , Mizan Md. Furkanur Rahaman , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Lee Dong‐Un , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of combined ultrasound (37 kHz, 380 W for 5 min) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 50–200 ppm) treatment on the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin. Ultrasound was not sufficient to inactivate S. Typhimurium (0.48 log CFU/g reduction) or C. jejuni (0.25 log CFU/g reduction), whereas PAA significantly (p < .05) reduced S. Typhimurium (0.93–1.59 log CFU/g reduction) and C. jejuni (0.77–1.52 log CFU/g reduction). However, maximum reductions of 2.21 and 2.08 log CFU/g were observed for S. Typhimurium and C. jejuni, respectively, for combined treatment with 5 min of ultrasound and 200 ppm PAA. Our results indicate that a combination of ultrasound treatment for 5 min and 200 ppm PAA was more effective in reducing S. Typhimurium and C. jejuni compared to the individual treatments, without significantly affecting the color or texture of the chicken skin, thus, demonstrating its potential to increase the microbial safety during poultry processing.
Eco‐efficiency of water and wastewater management in food production: A case study from a large dairy in Denmark
Authors: Skrydstrup Julie , Larsen Sille Lyster , Rygaard Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRising water demands and pressures on water resources call for water management in industrial production. An eco‐efficiency framework may provide justification for water consumption and treatment by combining environmental and economic dimensions in a life cycle perspective. We used principles of value added and value chain assessment (VCA) in the life‐cycle system boundaries for a consistent assessment of eco‐efficiency. The method was demonstrated for a membrane bioreactor‐based, decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse in a dairy. The LCA results showed that decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse in the dairy will improve the aquatic environment by 80% (freshwater) and 51% (marine water), but increase the negative impact on climate change by 27% compared to conventional wastewater treatment. The VCA revealed that the decentralized alternatives would increase the value added by 1.3–1.4 €/m3 wastewater in the dairy, but also incur a value loss of 1.4–1.9 €/m3 for associated stakeholders such as the centralized wastewater treatment plant. The case study revealed the critical nature of a well‐defined system boundary that includes impacts along the entire value chain and exposed pros and cons for decision‐makers at both the system level and individual stakeholder level.
A new technique for the treatment of nasal telangiectasia using atmospheric plasma (voltaic arc dermabrasion): Postoperative pain assessment by thermal infrared imaging
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Petrini Morena , Inchingolo Francesco , Lorusso Felice , Amuso Domenico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNasal telangiectasias are superficial, small vessels in the ala nasi and nasolabial crease with a varying origin. They represent an unaesthetic condition, frustrating patients who frequently request their removal. Microsclerotherapy, electrosurgery, different types of laser therapy, needle‐assisted electrocoagulation, and TRASER therapy have been described for treating this condition.AimsThe aim of this study is to describe a novel technique that removes nasal telengectiasias using voltaic arc dermabrasion (VAD).Patients/MethodsVoltaic arc dermabrasion treatment was used to remove nasal telangiectasia in 23 patients. The post‐treatment condition was monitored by means of photographic records and the evaluation of erythema, pain score, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and skin temperature. The timing points were 1, 4, 6 days and 1 year after treatment.ResultsPatients referred a moderate pain during the treatment that ceased at the end of the procedure. Moderate erythema and punctiform fine crusting were present in all patients that lasted until the 6th day after treatment. No other adverse effects were observed. After 1‐year, the mean patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were 2.90 and 3.00 ± 0.3, respectively. A single treatment was effective in 85% of the patients and no recurrences were recorded for one year. The skin temperature increased about 18.2 ± 3.2°C during the treatment but returned to basal values in about 20 seconds in most of the patients.ConclusionVoltaic arc dermabrasion treatment is a viable, easy to use, and inexpensive tool for successful nasal telangiectasia removal, with minimal post‐treatment discomfort.