bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acridine Variations for Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Omolo Kevin O. , Bacsa John , Sadighi Joseph P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of an acridone through the directed lithiation of a diarylamine, and elaboration via the 4,5‐dibromoacridone. The bromo substituents are amenable to Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. Conversion to a 9‐chloro‐4,5‐dibromoacridine, followed by bromine‐lithium exchange, allows the preparation of a 4,5‐bis (phosphino)‐9‐chloroacridine. The 9‐chloro moiety undergoes nucleophilic aromatic substitution by methoxide or an aryloxide. One‐electron reduction of a 9‐(aryloxy)‐4,5‐bis(phosphino)acridine affords a stable radical anion.
Effect of hemolysis on Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of blood plasma
Authors: Medipally Dinesh K. R. , Cullen Daniel , Untereiner Valérie , Bryant Jane , Sockalingum Ganesh D. , Nguyen Thi N. Q. , Noone Emma , Bradshaw Shirley , Finn Marie , Dunne Mary , Shannon Aoife M. , Armstrong John , Meade Aidan D. , Lyng Fiona M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHemolysis is a very common phenomenon and is referred as the release of intracellular components from red blood cells to the extracellular fluid. Hemolyzed samples are often rejected in clinics due to the interference of hemoglobin and intracellular components in laboratory measurements. Plasma and serum based vibrational spectroscopy studies are extensively applied to generate spectral biomarkers for various diseases. However, no studies have reported the effect of hemolysis in blood based vibrational spectroscopy studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hemolysis on infrared and Raman spectra of blood plasma. In this study, prostate cancer plasma samples (n = 30) were divided into three groups (nonhemolyzed, mildly hemolyzed, and moderately hemolyzed) based on the degree of hemolysis and FTIR and Raman spectra were recorded using high throughput (HT)‐FTIR and HT‐Raman spectroscopy. Discrimination was observed between the infrared and Raman spectra of nonhemolyzed and hemolyzed plasma samples using principal component analysis. A classical least square fitting analysis showed differences in the weighting of pure components in nonhemolyzed and hemolyzed plasma samples. Therefore, it is worth to consider the changes in spectral features due to hemolysis when comparing the results within and between experiments.
Backpropagation neural networks modelling of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using TiO2‐based photocatalysts
Authors: Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Alsaffar May Ali , Mustapa Siti Indati , Vo Dai‐Viet N 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe advanced oxidation process using photocatalysts has been proven to be an efficient technique used for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. However, there exists a nonlinear relationship between the process parameters of the photodegradation reaction, which needs to be well understood for the design of an efficient photoreactor. This study employed a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) for the modelling of photocatalytic degradation of indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue using undoped and Ag+‐doped TiO2 catalysts.RESULTSA Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was employed to train the BPANN by varying the hidden neurons to obtained an optimized architecture. Optimized architectures with 3‐14‐1, 4‐12‐1 and 3‐16‐1 consist of the input layers, hidden layer and the output layer, were obtained using the datasets from photodegradation of indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue, respectively. The optimized BPANN accurately predicts the indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue degradation as a function of colour removal from the wastewater. High coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.999, 0.961 and 0.993 were obtained for the prediction of the photodegradation of indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue, respectively, with over 95% confidence level. The study revealed that dye concentration, catalyst dosage and reaction time have the highest level of importance for the photodegradation of indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis study has demonstrated the robustness of BPANN for predictive modelling of photodegradation of organic pollutants such as indole, anthraquinone dye and methyl blue. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychological reactions to predictive genetic testing for Huntington’s disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Tillerås Kristine H. , Kjoelaas Siri H. , Dramstad Elisabeth , Feragen Kristin B. , von der Lippe Charlotte 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of qualitative research investigating the experience of individuals at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) during the period prior to undergoing predictive testing, as well as their reaction to the test result. This secondary analysis study aimed to explore the experiences during the predictive testing process of individuals who had been or who were at risk for HD. For the primary study, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. We employed the explorative qualitative design for this study, which involved 33 individuals who had been or who were at risk for HD. Results indicate that many had been anticipating the onset of the disease even before they knew their mutation status. Their choice of whether to get tested or not was influenced by personal, social, and practical factors. Whether the test result was positive or negative, coping with the test result was reported to be difficult. Participants with a mutation‐negative result felt a need for more follow‐up consultations than what they had received. Findings indicate that the decision to undergo predictive testing for HD was not only a personal choice, but was also influenced by both proximal and distant factors. Similar to individuals who tested positive for the mutation, individuals who tested negative for the mutation may need comprehensive follow‐up to adapt to the reality of the test result.
Prognostic prediction of apparent diffusion coefficient obtained by diffusion‐weighted MRI in mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Arakawa Yusuke , Saito Yu , Yoshikawa Masato , Miyazaki Katsuki , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion‐weighted image MRI as a prognostic factor for mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC).MethodsWe enrolled 26 patients who had undergone hepatic resections for mass‐forming‐type IHCC in this study, and calculated their mean ADC, using diffusion‐weighted image MRI (b: 0, 20, 800 seconds/mm2; 1.5 T MRI). Patients were divided into the ADCHigh and the ADCLow groups at the median ADC value (n = 13 for both). We also immunohistochemically evaluated hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α in tumor tissue.ResultsMedian age in the ADCLow was older (P = .03), and showed significant higher rate of scirrhous tumor (P = .02). The 5‐year overall survival rate in the ADCLow group was significantly worse than in the ADCHigh group (P = .04). In multivariate analysis, hilar tumor, portal vein invasion and low ADC were independent prognostic factors (P < .05). The ADCLow group also had a higher rate of high HIF‐1α expression than the ADCHigh group (P < .05). Representative case of ADCLow group showed rich stroma and high HIF‐1α expression.ConclusionsThe ADC values in MRIs can predict IHCC prognosis, and correlated with stromal density and HIF‐1α expression.
Cardiac implantable electronic device infection: Does the device need to be extracted?
Authors: Nagarakanti Sandhya , Bishburg Eliahu , Bapat Anita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) have become a common treatment modality in clinical practice. The increase in utilization of these devices has been associated with an increase in infection rates. Published guidelines define when a device is deemed infected (CDI); recommendations for the work‐up of CDI and criteria for extraction. Few data exist as to adherence to these guidelines.ObjectiveWe wanted to o evaluate whether devices diagnosed as CDI fit guidelines, whether clinicians followed work‐up recommendation of CDI, and whether CIED was extracted according to the guidelines criteria in our hospital.MethodsA retrospective review was performed in our hospital between 2008 and 2017. Adult patients (pts) 18 years and older who had their device extracted (DE) with a diagnosis of CDI were included. A total of 95 pts were identified.ResultsWe included 95 pts who were diagnosed as having CDI and who had their DE. Work‐up of patients with a diagnosis of CDI was inconsistently followed. Blood cultures, Echocardiogram, lead cultures (LC), and device pocket cultures (PC) were done in 100%, 90.5%, 75.6%, and 49.3%, respectively. Thirty out of 90 pts. (33%) did not meet guidelines criteria for extraction.ConclusionsIn our institution, a one third of the pts diagnosed with CDI who had DE had no indication for DE per guidelines recommendations. Clinicians did not follow recommendations for work‐up of CDI consistently. Low adherence was seen in obtaining LC and PC. CIED extraction guidelines should be followed to prevent unnecessary complications and cost.
Physicochemical properties and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of fragrant rapeseed oils in China
Authors: Zhang Youfeng , Zhu Yun , Shi Longkai , Guo Yue , Wei Lai , Zhang Hui , Wang Xingguo , Jin Qingzhe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFragrant rapeseed oil is a type of hot‐pressed oil in China. In this study, physicochemical properties, oxidative stability index (OSI), tocopherols, sterols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fragrant rapeseed oils were evaluated. Additionally, the cancer risk assessment pertaining to PAHs in fragrant rapeseed oil was investigated.RESULTSAcid values (0.64–2.68 mg potassium hydroxide per gram), peroxide values (1.58–4.86 mmol kg−1), and color values (R = 2.6–5.8, Y = 35) of fragrant rapeseed oils were all within codex limits. Tocopherols and sterols ranged from 559.5 to 783.7 mg kg−1 and 4412.6 to 7859.8 mg kg−1 respectively. The OSI (110 °C) was between 4.8 and 15.9 h, with an average value of 10.8 h. Mean values of benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 (chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluroranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) were 2.32 μg kg−1 and 8.21 μg kg−1 respectively. The 95% dietary exposure of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) contents from PAH4 were 0.3474 ng kg−1 day−1, 0.3942 ng kg−1 day−1, 1.8293 ng kg−1 day−1, and 0.4294 ng kg−1 day−1 for male children, adolescents, adults, and seniors respectively. For females, these values were 0.3443 ng kg−1 day−1, 0.3228 ng kg−1 day−1, 1.8697 ng kg−1 day−1, and 0.4084 ng kg−1 day−1, respectively. Moreover, incremental lifetime cancer risk values at the cumulative probabilities of 91.3% and 91.6% for male adults and female adults respectively were higher than 1 × 10−5.CONCLUSIONThe results imply that the potential risk of cancer with PAHs in fragrant rapeseed oil should be a concern, especially for the health of adults. Fragrant rapeseed oil is still a product subject to contamination by PAHs. Limits for PAH4 of fragrant rapeseed oil should be included in Chinese regulations to improve safety. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
pH‐Zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography for two new lipo‐alkaloids separated from refined alkaline extraction of Kusnezoff monkshood root
Authors: Zhao Jiadi , Li Peihe , Zheng Zhong , Pi Zifeng , Xu Liang , Duan Limei , Ao Wuliji , Sun Xiaowen , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Jinghai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn efficient and refined method for the separation of six aconitine‐type alkaloids from the alkaline prepared “Kusnezoff monkshood root” was established. It is the first study that two new lipo‐alkaloids were successfully isolated from refined sample by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography rather than synthetic method. It was of interest that a great deal of lipo‐alkaloids was produced in crude extract from the alkalization of “Kusnezoff monkshood root.” A refined sample method was proposed to enrich two types of alkaloids by liquid–liquid extraction, i.e. lipo‐alkaloids and monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids. The pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography was performed with an optimized two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate–methanol–water (3:5:4:5, v/v), where upper organic phase was added to 3 mmol/L triethylamine as a retainer and lower aqueous mobile phase was added to 3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid as an eluter. As a result, six aconitum alkaloids, including two lipo‐alkaloids (8‐lino‐14‐benzoylaconine, 8‐pal‐14‐benzoylaconine), three monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (14‐benzoylmesaconine, 14‐benzoylaconine, beyzoyldeoxyaconine), and one aconine alkaloid (neoline) were acquired from the plant at the same time. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the two new lipo‐alkaloids were compared to the six alkaloids in vitro, in cyclo‐oxygen‐ase‐2 inhibition assays. The separation mechanism of six alkaloids by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography was illustrated.
Outcomes of Combined Anterior Septal Reconstruction and Dorsal Hump Reduction
Authors: Patel Priyesh N. , Kandathil Cherian K. , Most Sam P. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives/HypothesisDeviations of the caudal nasal septum can impact airflow and aesthetics. The anterior septal reconstruction (ASR) technique, a modification of extracorporeal septoplasty, addresses this issue while preserving a segment of the dorsal septum. When ASR is combined with dorsal hump reductions and osteotomies, the keystone may be destabilized. This study evaluates the outcomes of this intervention.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThis is a retrospective study evaluating the functional and aesthetic outcomes of 58 patients who underwent ASR combined with dorsal hump reductions (with or without osteotomies). The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey Obstructive/Cosmetic (SCHNOS‐O, SCHNOS‐C) scores were measured and compared pre‐ and postoperatively. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of sex, gender, osteotomies, and trauma on outcomes.ResultsMean improvement in NOSE, SCHNOS‐O, and SCHNOS‐C scores within the first 3 months after surgery were −41.8, −32.6, and −51.5 respectively (P < .05). At follow‐up >9 months, these improvements were also significant for NOSE and SCHNOS‐O scores and approached significance (P = .06) for SCHNOS‐C scores. A subanalysis of patients who underwent osteotomies yielded functional and aesthetic improvements across all follow‐up periods, all of which were significant with the exception of SCHNOS‐O scores at >9 months (P = .1). In a multiple linear regression analysis, osteotomies contributed significantly to change in SCHNOS‐C scores (β = −64.09, P = .001) at 3‐ to 9‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsThe combination of ASR, hump take down, and osteotomies is safe and efficacious with implications for patients who seek correction of caudal septal deviations in conjunction with changes in external contour deformities.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2020
Threshold friction velocities influenced by standing crop residue in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Pi Huawei , Huggins David R. , Sharratt Brenton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrop residue is an important factor affecting soil wind erosion. Few studies have tested the effects of crop residue on threshold friction velocities (U*t) which not only controls the initiation of wind erosion events but also the frequency and intensity of erosion events and thus the rate of land degradation. This study measured the threshold friction velocity (U*t) and aerodynamic roughness length (Z
0) in the presence of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) standing residue arrays to identify the sheltering capability against wind erosion of these different vegetation patterns. The influence of crop residue density and lateral cover (total roughness frontal area to soil surface area) on U*t and Z
0 was tested in a wind‐tunnel. The results indicated U*t increased linearly with residue density for the three residue types and a similar trend was found for Z
0. However, U*t and Z
0 varied among crop residue types at the same residue density or frontal area index (λ). Based on the slope of regression analysis, U*t and Z
0 of garbanzo were 40 and 25% higher than winter wheat and 43 and 119% higher than canola. This study suggested that crop residue type is important in determining U*t and Z
0 when modeling wind erosion.
Drought timing and primary productivity in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Miao Yuan , Zhang Tong , Wei Yueyue , Qiao Xiaoxin , Miao Renhui , Wang Dong , Han Shijie , Yang Zhongling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile most studies account for the effect of total annual precipitation on aboveground net primary production (ANPP), few studies have demonstrated how decreased precipitation within specific periods of growing season affects ANPP. Using a precipitation manipulation experiment, we assessed the response patterns and underlying mechanisms of ANPP to decreased precipitation in the early (DEP) and late (DLP) growing seasons on a temperate steppe in northern China. The results showed that both DEP and DLP decreased ANPP by averages of 28.3 and 39.4 g m−2, respectively. The decline of ANPP in DEP was primarily attributed to a 20.7 g m−2 decrease in grass and 4.9 g m−2 decrease in sub‐shrubs, whereas the decrease in ANPP in DLP was due to a 36.6 g m−2 decrease in perennial forbs and an 8.7 g m−2 decrease in sub‐shrubs. The reduction in grass ANPP under DEP was likely due to decreased soil moisture and increased specific leaf area of grass during the early growing season, whereas the reduction in perennial forbs ANPP under DLP was mainly caused by decreased soil moisture during late growing season. The decline of sub‐shrubs ANPP under DEP and DLP could be explained by shallow root length of sub‐shrubs in DEP and by high soil temperature in DLP. Our findings demonstrated how droughts timing affects ANPP at both community and functional group levels. Different responses of functional groups to drought timing indicate that future studies should not neglect the role of precipitation timing in regulating ecosystem productivity.
Source partitioning of oxygen‐consuming organic matter in the hypoxic zone of the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Su Jianzhong , Cai Wei‐Jun , Brodeur Jean , Hussain Najid , Chen Baoshan , Testa Jeremy M. , Scaboo K. Michael , Jaisi Deb P. , Li Qiang , Dai Minhan , Cornwell Jeffrey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe surveyed the carbonate system along the main channel of the Chesapeake Bay in June 2016 to elucidate carbonate dynamics and the associated sources of oxygen‐consuming organic matter. Using a two endmember mixing calculation, chemical proxies, and stoichiometry, we demonstrated that in early summer, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics were controlled by aerobic respiration in the water column (43%), sulfate reduction in the sediment (39%), atmospheric CO2 invasion (13%), and CaCO3 dissolution (5%). A mass balance of the DIC concentration and its stable isotope suggested that the apparent δ13C of oxygen‐consuming organic matter was −19.4 ± 0.3‰. The bulk composition of particulate organic matter also reflected a dominance of algal material (C/N = ~ 6, δ13C > −25‰). Therefore, we concluded that the decomposition of autochthonous organic matter (i.e., eutrophication‐stimulated primary production) was the dominant process consuming oxygen, while allochthonous organic matter (terrestrially derived) made minor contributions to oxygen consumption in the hypoxic zone in June 2016. These findings in the Chesapeake Bay contrast with another hypoxic estuarine ecosystem, the Pearl River Estuary in China where allochthonous organic matter contributed significantly to oxygen consumption. The differences between these two systems in terms of hydrology, quantity and quality of organic matter, and physical characteristics are discussed to yield new insights on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. In both systems, autochthonous organic matter dominates oxygen depletion, indicating that nutrient management and reduction are useful actions to control and mitigate the occurrence of hypoxia for the restoration of ecosystem.
Modification of relevant polymeric materials for medical applications and devices
Authors: Velazco‐Medel Marlene A. , Camacho‐Cruz Luis A. , Bucio Emilio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present review compiles different biomedical relevant polymers that have been modified to enhance their properties, giving hydrophilicity to their surfaces, antifouling properties to avoid bacterial adhesion, biocompatibility, incorporation of drug delivery systems and the improving of their mechanical properties to use them in the manufacturing of medical devices as prosthesis or implants, or other medical applications as wound dressers or scaffolds to cell culture. Other content of this work is a general description of the different techniques to modify and graft molecules, biomolecules and other polymers onto polymeric matrices in order to obtain high‐performance biomaterials and medical devices.
Nano modified zirconia dental implants: Advances and the frontiers for rapid osseointegration
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Noumbissi Sammy , Kunrath Marcel F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanotechnology has created a revolution in implant dentistry. It is an established technology in the field of titanium implant dentistry and is slowly evolving when it comes to ceramic implants. The aim of this review article was to survey the use of nanotechnology for the purpose of implant surface modification in order to improve the osseointegration process of ceramic implants, but also, the various techniques and methods by which nano features can be applied to zirconia implant surfaces. With the application of this advanced technology, the composition, surface energy, roughness and topography of dental implants can be modified for enhanced and potentially faster osseointegration. Furthermore, nanotechnology implant surface modification can also influence the biological processes that occur at the bone–implant interface. The cellular activity and tissue responses occurring at the bone‐zirconia interface can be enhanced by nanomodifications and result in better treatment outcomes. This review also highlights the ‘state of the art’ of nanomodified zirconia surfaces and the perspectives of introducing new technologies in biomedical implantology.