bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diagnosis and the Severity of Cardiovascular Phenotype in Patients With Elastin Arteriopathy
Authors: Min Sandar , Kinnear Caroline , D’Alessandro Lisa C.A. , Bouwmeester Jade , Yao Roderick , Chiasson David , Keeley Fred , Mital Seema 
Published: September 2020

Background:

Elastin insufficiency causes recurrent vascular stenoses. Hemizygous deletion of the elastin gene (
ELN
) causes Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), while single nucleotide variants in
ELN
cause nonsyndromic supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS). Our objective was to compare cardiovascular disease outcomes in patients with WBS and nonsyndromic SVAS.

Methods:
Patients (81 WBS, 42 nonsyndromic SVAS) with cardiovascular disease were included in this retrospective single center study. Freedom from surgical and catheter interventions and reinterventions was compared. Vascular tissue from 8 patients and 6 controls was analyzed for arterial wall architecture.

Results:

Patients with nonsyndromic SVAS presented at a younger age (median 0.3 [0.4–0.7] years) compared with patients with WBS (1.3 [0.2–3.0] years) and had lower freedom from surgical/catheter interventions compared with patients with WBS, with median event-free survival 1.1 (0.3–5.9) versus 4.7 (2.4–13.3) years, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.02–2.56];
P
=0.04). Patients with nonsyndromic SVAS also had a lower freedom from reinterventions (
P
=0.054 by log-rank test). This was related in part to a higher frequency of primary and reinterventions for concomitant valvar aortic stenosis. Histology revealed abnormal intimal and medial thickening, disorganized and fragmented elastic fibers, reduced smooth muscle calponin expression, and increased macrophage marker, CD68, expression in the arterial walls in patients with WBS and nonsyndromic SVAS compared with controls.

Conclusions:
Patients with nonsyndromic SVAS require early and more frequent vascular and valvular interventions and reinterventions, in particular for concomitant valvar aortic stenosis compared with patients with WBS. This provides important prognostic information to guide counseling of affected families with cardiovascular disease and may guide primary intervention strategies based on predicted risk of restenosis.
Emerging Issues on Arctic Environmental and Climate Change Governance: Introduction
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi , Martinez Romera Beatriz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This Special Issue, based on the Third International Conference of the Transatlantic Maritime Emissions Research Network (TRAMEREN), Copenhagen, June 2019, examines emerging issues in Arctic environmental and climate change governance. The law of the sea performs a paramount role in stabilising a legal order in the ocean, including the marine Arctic. However, physical and ecological conditions surrounding the ocean may change over time, particularly in the era of climate change. Thus the antithesis between change and stability in the law of the sea is key when considering effects of climate change on the law of the sea. The six articles in this Special Issue provide insights into the development of the legal framework for governing the marine Arctic addressing, respectively, changing paradigms in the law of the sea, retreating coasts in the Arctic, environmental assessment, the Polar Code, fuel use regulation of Arctic shipping, and Arctic climate interventions.
Biology, sounds and vibratory signals of hooded katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phyllophorinae)
Authors: KORSUNOVSKAYA OLGA , BEREZIN MIKHAIL , HELLER KLAUS-GERHARD , TKACHEVA ELENA , KOMPANTSEVA TATIANA , ZHANTIEV RUSTEM 
Published: September 2020

The tettigoniid subfamily Phyllophorinae, distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia, is poorly known. Our study of the biology of Giant Katydid Siliquofera grandis (Blanchard, 1853) from a laboratory culture has shown that these insects mate more than once, the females lay a total of up to 400 eggs during their life, and these hatch after 2–2.5 months. The life cycle from egg to death takes longer than one year. In the laboratory, the insects fed mainly on leaves of various Rosaceae, Ficus, and lettuce, and on fruits. It is known that the males of hooded katydids lack the tegminal stridulatory apparatus typical for Tettigoniidae, but are capable of producing protest sounds using their coxosternal sound-producing organs for stridulation. Here, protest stridulation of the males and females and the sound-producing organs used to produce it have been analyzed in Phyllophorina kotoshoensis Shiraki, 1930 and S. grandis. In addition, nymphal protest sounds produced by friction of the metafemur against the edge of the pronotum and adult protest signals produced with the wings are described. In S. grandis, vibratory signals have been described and studied for the first time: territorial, protest, drumming and rhythmic low-amplitude vibrations emitted by adults and nymphs and pre- and postcopulatory vibrations of the males and females. The territorial signals not accompanied with visible movements of the body may be produced by contracting the antagonist muscles of the thorax and possibly of the legs. Using their coxosternal sound-producing organs males of S. grandis produced also an audible courtship song lasting for several seconds. Acoustic signals may thus both regulate intrapopulation relations and serve for interspecific communication (protest signals). The acoustic communication in Phyllophorinae is probably especially important during mating behavior.
Three new species of the genus Tartessus Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Tartessinae) from Vietnam
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. 
Published: September 2020

Three new species of the genus Tartessus Stål, 1865 are described from Vietnam: T. kabakovi sp. n.—from Vinh Phuc Province; T. nigriventris sp. n.—from Gia Lai Province; T. iridescens sp. n.—from Ðồng Nai and Bà Rịa-ũng Tàu Provinces. These are first records of the subfamily Tartessinae from the country. T. malayus (Stål, 1859) is recorded and illustrated from Taiwan.
The Synoptic and Mesoscale Evolution Accompanying the 2018 Camp Fire of Northern California
Authors: Mass Clifford F. , Ovens David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Camp Fire event was associated with dry, northeasterly winds that descended the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada of Northern California during the early morning hours of 8 November 2018. The downslope winds peaked around sunrise, with strong winds pushing the fire rapidly toward Paradise, California. Similar to recent central/Northern California wildfires associated with downslope winds, the synoptic pattern was characterized by building sea level pressure over the Intermountain West and a trough along the coastal zone, with both the synoptic evolution and low-level winds skillfully forecast by operational models. The maximum wind gusts along the western Sierra Nevada slopes ranged from 10–20 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) at sheltered locations to 50–60 kt at exposed sites on the mid- to upper slopes of the barrier. The highest winds were not climatologically exceptional, and low-level temperatures were cooler than normal over and to the east of the Sierra Nevada, near normal over the western slopes, and warmer than normal over coastal California. Drier-than-normal conditions prevailed during the ∼3 days preceding and during the event, as a result of downslope winds. The origin of the fire can be traced to strong winds interacting with a failing electrical transmission infrastructure, with highly flammable surface fuels fostering rapid fire movement between the ignition source and Paradise.
Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Heat Content during Tropical Cyclones Pam (2015) and Winston (2016) in the Southwest Pacific Region
Authors: Chandra Ashneel , Kumar Sushil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) and upper-ocean heat content (OHC) have been explored along the track of two tropical cyclones (TCs): TC Pam (2015) and TC Winston (2016). These TCs severely affected the islands of Vanuatu and Fiji, in the South Pacific region (8°–30°S, 140°E−170°W). The SST decreased by as much as 5.4°C along the tracks of the TCs with most cooling occurring to the left of the TCs tracks relative to TC motion. SST cooling of 1°–5°C has generally been observed during both the forced and relaxation stages of TC passage. Argo profiles near the TCs revealed observable temperature-based mixed layer deepening. Subsurface warming was also observed post-TC passage from the temperature profile of one of the floats after the passage of both TCs. The OHC and heat fluxes are seen to play an important part in TC intensification as both these TCs intensified after passing over regions of high OHC and enhanced heat fluxes. Apart from the traditionally used OHC obtained up to the depth of the 26°C isotherm (QH), the OHC was also determined up to the depth of the 20°C isotherm (QH,20). The QH and QH,20 values decreased in the majority of cases post TC passage while QH,20 increased in one instance post-TC passage for both the TCs. QH,20 was also used to identify heat energy changes at deeper levels and it correlated well with the traditionally used OHC during the weaker stages of the TCs.
Is independence enough? Rehabilitation should include autonomy and social engagement to achieve quality of life
Authors: McClure John , Leah Caspian 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This discussion paper argues that holding independence as the central goal for rehabilitation has limitations that hinder successful outcomes. It shows why autonomy and social engagement should also serve as goals of rehabilitation, in order to achieve quality of life and effective functioning. Methods: The paper reviews problems arising from the over-emphasis on independence in rehabilitation. Although independence is a valuable goal on some tasks, it is sometimes not possible or desirable and is best complimented by autonomy and social engagement. Autonomy recognises that enacting some goals requires the support of other people. Autonomy is thus linked to social engagement (connectivity) in the workplace and personal relationships. The paper applies this framework to motor and cognitive disabilities. Results: The inclusion of autonomy and social engagement as goals for rehabilitation addresses the limitations of independence and can serve the unifying aim of enhancing the person’s quality of life. These goals apply equally to motor disabilities and the cognitive and behavioural effects of injuries which affect personal and work relationships. Conclusions: Rehabilitation is likely to be more effective if it aims at a combination of independence, autonomy and social engagement, in service of the goal of a good quality of life.
Role of intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Authors: Ling Yuwei , Zhao Jing , Zhao Ye , Li Kaifu , Wang Yajun , Kang Hua 
Published: September 2020

Objective To investigate whether intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has a significant advantage in reducing the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Methods Patients who underwent thyroid and parathyroid surgery from October 2012 to December 2017 at the Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the IONM group and visualization alone group (VA group) according to whether IONM was used. Results In total, 1696 nerves at risk of injury (IONM group, n = 1104; VA group, n = 592) were included in the analysis. Among the high-risk nerves, permanent damage occurred in no cases in the IONM group but in one case in the VA group. Because the higher proportion of central lymph node metastasis caused difficulties in central cervical lymph node dissection and identification of the RLN, the patients undergoing lateral cervical lymph node dissection in the VA group had a significantly higher risk of postoperative RLN injury (11.76% vs. 0.00%). Conclusion IONM technology has advantages in protection of the RLN, especially in high-risk nerves and patients with a high proportion of central lymph node metastasis who require central and lateral cervical lymph node dissection.
Thrombo-inflammatory features predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19: The FAD-85 score
Authors: Wang Junhong , Zhang Hua , Qiao Rui , Ge Qinggang , Zhang Shuisheng , Zhao Zongxuan , Tian Ci , Ma Qingbian , Shen Ning 
Published: September 2020

Background The roles of inflammation and hypercoagulation in predicting outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 4 March 2020 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan were recruited. Data on related parameters were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to explore predictors of critical illness and mortality. Results In total, 199 and 44 patients were enrolled in the training and testing sets, respectively. Elevated ferritin, tumor necrosis factor-α and D-dimer and decreased albumin concentration were associated with disease severity. Older age, elevated ferritin and elevated interleukin-6 were associated with 28-day mortality. The FAD-85 score, defined as age + 0.01 * ferritin +D-dimer, was used to predict risk of mortality. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FAD-85 were 86.4%, 81.8% and 86.4%, respectively. A nomogram was established using age, ferritin and D-dimer to predict the risk of 28-day mortality. Conclusions Thrombo-inflammatory parameters provide key information on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 and can be used as references for clinical treatment to correct inflammatory and coagulation abnormalities.
Top 10 Things Every Radiologist Needs to Know About Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Guyatt Paige , Bzovsky Sofia , Bhandari Mohit , Sprague Sheila 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered to be the leading cause of nonfatal injury to women worldwide. Moreover, the need for effective training for health care professionals (HCPs) and protocol for addressing IPV in health care contexts are well-documented. This article addresses key questions that radiologists may have related to supporting patients who have experienced IPV. Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles and other formal reports were located using Google Scholar and PubMed in order to assemble this review. Conclusions: Radiologists are well-equipped to help identify possible instances of IPV if they are aware of the injury patterns commonly associated with IPV. Along with other HCPs, radiologists can also advocate for the implementation of protocols that will guide their responses to victims of IPV within their own health care institution.
Incidence of Barotrauma in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia During Prolonged Invasive Mechanical Ventilation – A Case-Control Study
Authors: Udi Josefina , Lang Corinna N. , Zotzmann Viviane , Krueger Kirsten , Fluegler Annabelle , Bamberg Fabian , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid L. 
Published: September 2020

Background: SARS-CoV2 can cause pulmonary failure requiring prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Lung protective ventilation strategies are recommended in order to minimize ventilator induced lung injury. Whether patients with COVID-19 have the same risk for complications including barotrauma is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated barotrauma in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring prolonged MV. Methods: All patients meeting diagnosis criteria for ARDS according to the Berlin Definition, with PCR positive SARS-CoV2 infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation, defined as ≥2 days, treated at our ARDS referral center between March and April 2020 were included in a retrospective registry analysis. Complications were detected by manual review of all patient data including respiratory data, imaging studies, and patient files. Results: A total of 20 patients with severe COVID-19 pulmonary failure (Overall characteristics: median age: 61 years, female gender 6, median duration of MV 22 days) were analyzed. Eight patients (40%) developed severe barotrauma during MV (after median 18 days, range: 1-32) including pneumothorax (5/20), pneumomediastinum (5/20), pneumopericard (1/20), and extended subcutaneous emphysema (5/20). Median respirator settings 24 hours before barotrauma were: Peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak) 29 cm H2O (range: 27-35), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 14 cm H2O (range: 5-24), tidal volume (VT) 5.4ml/kg predicted body weight (range 0.4-8.6), plateau pressure (Pplateau) 27 cm H2O (range: 19-30). Mechanical ventilation was significantly more invasive on several occasions in patients without barotrauma. Conclusion: Barotrauma in COVID-19 induced respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation was found in 40% of patients included in this registry. Our data suggest that barotrauma in COVID-19 may occur even when following recommendations for lung protective MV.
Sociodemographic changes in the population frequency of colonoscopy following the implementation of organised bowel cancer screening: An analysis of data from Swedish registers, 2006–2015
Authors: Thulin Torbjörn , Strömberg Ulf , Holmén Anders , Hultcrantz Rolf , Forsberg Anna 
Published: September 2020

Objective To assess sociodemographic changes in the population frequency of colonoscopy (PFC; number of colonoscopies per 1000 inhabitants per year) among people aged 50–74 in relation to the implementation of a regional colorectal cancer screening programme for people aged 60–69 in the Stockholm-Gotland region (RSG) in 2008. Method The PFC was estimated by year (2006–2015), pre- and post-implementation of colorectal cancer screening programme (2006–2007 vs. 2014–2015), age, sex, residential region, immigrant status and educational level. The data were obtained from Swedish patient and population registers. Results The PFC largely increased during 2006–2015 in all six Swedish regions. The estimated increase in the pre- vs. post period PFC (ΔPFC) within the RSG was (i) greater for men than for women (5.8 vs. 4.5) and (ii) smaller for people aged 70–74 than for those aged 60–69 (5.5 vs. 9.0), while the corresponding ΔPFCs within each of the other regions were (i) not greater, or even smaller, for men and (ii) not smaller, or even larger, for elderly people aged 70–74. Conclusion A regional implementation of an organised colorectal cancer screening programme did not lead to a higher PFC increase in the screening relevant age group 50–74 years. Nevertheless, changes in the PFC were more pronounced for men and less pronounced for people aged 70–74 than those invited to participate in the screening programme (60–69 years), as compared with the rest of Sweden (without organised colorectal cancer screening).
Postpartum Depression: A Metaphorical Analysis
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano 
Published: September 2020

Background: The reported incidence of postpartum depression in healthy women without a history of depression was 12%, and the prevalence was 17%. A silent health crisis in America is the undiagnosed and untreated mental health of women related to childbirth. Unfamiliar with medical terminology, persons may communicate more effectively by means of metaphors to describe what they are experiencing. Aims: To examine the language women used to describe their experiences of postpartum depression with metaphors that can provide a valuable source of insight for psychiatric nurses and other clinicians. Methods: Secondary qualitative data analysis of three primary datasets of postpartum depression was conducted. Metaphor identification procedure was the approach used to analyze the texts for metaphorical expressions. Results: Eleven metaphors were identified that women used to help explain their postpartum depression: being hit by a ton of bricks, being a tightrope walker, living in a nightmare, feeling trapped, being in the middle of the sea, feeling like an alien, being a loner, being a basket case, having cobwebs in the brain, feeling like garbage, and hitting rock bottom. Conclusions: These 11 metaphors provide a new voice for women’s experiences of postpartum depression. As a result, they provide rich insights for psychiatric nurses and other clinicians to help identify women struggling with postpartum depression.
Tobacco Use Among the Youth in India: Evidence From Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016-2017)
Authors: Grover Shekhar , Anand Tanu , Kishore Jugal , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Sinha Dhirendra N 
Published: September 2020

Background: Worldwide, tobacco use is a serious public health concern affecting the youth. A vast majority of tobacco users start using tobacco well before the age of 18 years which has enormous psychosocial and health effects. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of individual forms of tobacco usage among youth aged 15 to 24 years and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors with tobacco use. Methods: The source of data was a cross-sectional GATS-2 survey in India (analysed using SPSSv17.0) which used a multistage, geographically stratified cluster sampling method. Bivariate analysis was done for evaluation of the possible association of tobacco use with sociodemographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relative strength of association between those factors and tobacco use. Results: There were 13 329 respondents (44.9% males and 55.1% females) aged 15 to 24 years. Overall, 11.9% of respondents were using tobacco. The prevalence of smoke and smokeless tobacco usage was 5% and 10.9%, respectively, whereas 2% of respondents reported dual usage. The odds of using any form of tobacco were significantly higher among respondents aged 20 to 24 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2 [1.76-2.77]) who were primarily residing in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.36 [1.2-1.54]) and were unmarried (aOR: 1.56 [1.37-1.88]). The odds of using any form of tobacco were significantly lower among females (aOR: 0.21 [0.19-0.24]), literate individuals (aOR: 0.33 [0.29-0.37]), and those who were unemployed/students/homemakers (aOR: 0.44 [0.39-0.50]). Conclusions: The overall tobacco usage of 11.9% among young people in the age group of 15 to 24 years is a matter of concern. The study identified several sociodemographic factors significantly associated with tobacco use, implying the need for designing interventions considering social vulnerabilities of youth.
Using mixed methods in health services research: A review of the literature and case study
Authors: de Haan Maarten , van Eijk-Hustings Yvonne , Vrijhoef Hubertus JM 
Published: September 2020

Objective To provide an overview of the challenges of conducting mixed methods research (MMR) in the context of health services research (HSR) and to discuss a case study example of the triangulation procedures used in a MMR study on task-shifting in the Netherlands. Method A narrative literature review of publications between January 2000 and February 2020 on the use of mixed methods in the context of HSR and a description of the triangulation procedures in an HSR study with a MMR design on task shifting in the Netherlands. Results The narrative review identified eight challenges. Those related to publishing and appraisal of MMR within HSR were most frequently reported (e.g. ‘lack of MMR examples’, ‘lack of recognition’ and ‘triangulation issues’). Also, practical problems for conducting MMR within HSR were identified (e.g. ‘lack or resources’, ‘teamwork’ and ‘lack of quality criteria’). Methodological challenges (e.g. ‘sampling’ and ‘paradigm wars’) were less frequently reported as a challenge. Conclusion While increasing in popularity, there remain a range of challenges for the design, conduct and reporting of MMR designs in HSR. Using a triangulation protocol can potentially help address some of these challenges.