bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding atrial fibrillation among neurologists in central China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shen Jing , Xia Yuanpeng , Cao Shiyi , Lu Zuxun , He Quanwei , Li Man , Wang Hong , Bi Ying , Chen Shaoli , Hu Bo , Cao Fei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians' knowledge and practice of atrial fibrillation (AF) are determinants of the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis.HypothesisThis study aimed to investigate physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward AF, to analyze the influencing factors, and to provide data to support departments that develop health policies.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out from October 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018. A standard‐structured anonymous questionnaire was completed by each participant through face‐to‐face interviews.ResultsA total of 611 doctors from 38 hospitals were responded to this survey. The mean of the total score of the questionnaire was 21.59 ± 3.559 (total score of the questionnaire was 36), and the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.86 ± 1.70, 6.13 ± 1.35, and 8.59 ± 2.21, respectively. The doctor' s knowledge, practice scores, and total scores were positively correlated with the education level and the workplace. The influencing factors that affect doctors' knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores including education level, professional title, working years, hospital grade, and hospital location.ConclusionsThere was still a big gap in neurologists' knowledge and practice about AF. It is necessary to strengthen the continuous improvement of doctor training to improve the management of AF.
H2O2‐Responsive Nanogel for Enhancing Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Yuling , Lin Yuhong , Jiang Lili , Han Wen , Wang Min , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a typical chemodynamic therapy (CDT), the Fenton reaction holds great promise in cancer therapy for its effective generation of the cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (.OH) in situ which induces cancer cell apoptosis. However, the tumor microenvironment is insufficient to meet the optimal conditions for Fenton reaction, which greatly reduces the rate of Fenton reaction and the therapeutic effect of CDT, thereby hindering its application in cancer therapy. Herein, a novel biocompatible nanogel comprised of ferroferric oxide modified β‐cyclodextrin (Fe3O4@β‐CD), glucose oxidase (GOX), and ferrocene (Fc) was fabricated using the host‐guest self‐assembly method for synergistic tumor therapy (Fe3O4−GOX nanogel, FGgel). In the tumor microenvironment, the intratumoral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could oxidize Fc, leading to the disintegration of the FGgel and the release of GOX. Subsequently, the released GOX could catalyze glucose to produce gluconic acid and promote the production of H2O2. Meanwhile, in acidic conditions, F3O4 served as the Fenton reagent to convert excessive H2O2 into highly toxic .OH which finally induces tumor cell apoptosis. Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that FGgel can effectively inhibit tumor cell growth with high tumor specificity and good biocompatibility. The excellent anticancer efficiency of FGgel indicates that it is an ideal H2O2‐activated nanosystem. As an excellent platform to harness the highly toxic reactive oxygen species in nanomedicine for specific cancer therapy, this strategy may open new doors for further development of progressive therapeutic systems.
Real‐time analysis of switchable nanocomposites of magnesium pyrophosphates and rolling circle amplification products
Authors: Minero Gabriel Antonio S. , Fock Jeppe , Tian Bo , Rizzi Giovanni , Neumann Felix , Madaboosi Narayanan , Nilsson Mats , Fougt Hansen Mikkel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRolling circle amplification (RCA) is a robust isothermal nucleic acid amplification method producing nanocomposites of DNA and inorganic magnesium pyrophosphate precipitates. Although the conformation and structure of such nanocomposites impact applications, most studies of them have been performed at the end‐point after exposure to a treatment. Here, we use real‐time optomagnetic measurements of the hydrodynamic size of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to study the growth of RCA products grafted onto MNPs as well as the effect of post‐RCA temperature annealing and chemical treatment. As a key result, we show that secondary structures in the RCA products trap and partially protect magnesium pyrophosphate precipitates and that these are reversibly released upon heating above a characteristic temperature defined by the sequence of the RCA product. These findings provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of the synthesis and structure of DNA nanocomposites, which impacts applications of DNA nanocomposites in sensing and drug delivery.
Drought response and minimal water requirements of diploid and interploid St. Augustinegrass under progressive drought stress
Authors: Meeks Meghyn , Chandra Ambika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSt. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a popular shade‐tolerant turfgrass but has a higher water use rate compared with other warm‐season turfgrasses. In an effort to improve drought resistance in St. Augustinegrass, the Texas A&M turfgrass breeding program has used embryo rescue technology and developed interploid (polyploid × diploid) hybrids to facilitate the combination of desirable traits from across ploidy levels. In this study, we determined the drought response and minimal water requirements of eight diploid and 18 interploid hybrids compared with ‘Floratam’, ‘Palmetto’, ‘Raleigh’, and ‘TamStar’ during ∼90 d of dry‐down under a rainout shelter in 2015 and 2016. Digital images of percentage green cover were taken weekly and entries with green cover ≤50 ± 1% were supplied with 2.54 cm of water. Genotypic differences were observed, but overall, interploids demonstrated better drought response than diploids, as indicated by longer days to reach 50% green cover and a turfgrass quality of 5.0. Nine interploid hybrids, including TamStar, did not require any water to maintain above 50% green cover in both years as compared with Floratam, Raleigh, and Palmetto. Our results also show that minimum turfgrass quality of 5.0 was not maintained at the 50% green cover threshold and that 75–80% green cover more accurately represents the minimum quality for future drought evaluations in our geographic conditions.
Pairing Cross‐Linked Polyviologen with Aromatic Amine Host Structure for Anion Shuttle Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Cadiou Vincent , Gaillot Anne‐Claire , Deunf Élise , Dolhem Franck , Dubois Lionel , Gutel Thibaut , Poizot Philippe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectroactive organic compounds could bring new chemical opportunities to further improve existing electrochemical energy‐storage technologies as they can be prepared from less‐limited resources and potentially at low environmental footprint. Among the current explored research fields, the anion–ion cell configuration appears poorly investigated although quite promising to promote the fabrication of molecular (metal‐free) rechargeable batteries. Herein, we report the synthesis and the electrochemical behavior of both Mg/Li salts of 2,5‐(dianilino)terephthalate (MgDAnT and Li2DAnT) and cross‐linked polyviologen (c‐PV2+) that can reversibly uptake/extract anions at different working potentials, enabling the assembly of full anionic organic batteries. The reversible anion ingress in MgDAnT is however accompanied by solvent co‐insertion from the electrolyte that provokes an overpotential effect during the first charge. Full anionic batteries pairing Li2DAnT with c‐PV2+ were assembled giving rise to 0.7 V as output voltage with a specific capacity of 50 mAh per gram of Li2DAnT.
Molecular dynamics investigation of soliton propagation in a two‐dimensional Yukawa liquid
Authors: Donkó Zoltán , Hartmann Peter , Masheyeva Ranna U. , Dzhumagulova Karlygash N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate via molecular dynamics simulations the propagation of solitons in a two‐dimensional many‐body system characterized by Yukawa interaction potential. The solitons are created in an equilibrated system by the application of electric field pulses. Such pulses generate pairs of solitons, which are characterized by a positive and negative density peak, respectively, and which propagate into opposite directions. At small perturbation, the features propagate with the longitudinal sound speed, from which an increasing deviation is found at higher density perturbations. An external magnetic field is found to block the propagation of the solitons, which can, however, be released upon the termination of the magnetic field and can propagate further into directions that depend on the time of trapping and the magnetic field strength.
Lithium treatment in the era of personalized medicine
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 1949, an Australian psychiatrist, John Cade, reported on the antimanic efficacy of lithium carbonate, which is regarded as an introduction of lithium into contemporary psychiatry. Since the 1960s, lithium has been a precursor of mood stabilizers and has become first‐choice drug for the prevention of affective episodes in mood disorders. For nearly four decades, lithium has also been used for the augmentation of antidepressant drugs in treatment‐resistant depression. The knowledge of clinical and biological factors connected with the capability of long‐term lithium treatment to prevent manic and depressive recurrences makes an important element of the personalized medicine of mood disorders. Excellent prophylactic lithium responders can be characterized by distinct mood episodes, with full remissions between them, the absence of other psychiatric morbidity, and the family history of bipolar illness. In recent years, many other clinical and biological factors connected with such a response have been identified, helping to select the best candidates for lithium prophylaxis. The antisuicidal effect of lithium during its long‐term administration has been demonstrated and should also be taken into account as the element of personalized medicine for the pharmacological prophylaxis of patients with mood disorders. Several studies pertaining to personalized medicine were also dedicated to lithium treatment of acute mood episodes. Lithium still has a value in the treatment of mania and bipolar depression. However, it seems that the more important indication would be the augmentation of antidepressant drugs in treatment‐resistant depression. The factors connected with the efficacy of lithium in these conditions are reviewed.
Photoelectrochemical‐assisted Batch Injection Analysis (PEC‐BIA) of Glucose Exploiting Visible LED Light as an Excitation Source
Authors: Carvalho Soares Leonardo , Costa dos Santos Clenilton , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita , Santos Damos Flávio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work describes the development of a novel method for glucose determination exploiting a photoelectrochemical‐assisted batch injection analysis cell designed and constructed with the aid of 3D printer technology. The PEC‐BIA cell was coupled to a LED lamp in order to control the incidence of light on the Cu2O/Ni(OH)2/FTO photoelectroactive platform. The electrochemical characteristics of Cu2O/Ni(OH)2/FTO photoelectroactive platform were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEC‐BIA cell presented linear response range, limit of detection based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of three, and sensitivity of 1–1000 μmol L−1, 0.76 μmol L−1 and 0.578 μA L μmol−1, respectively. The PEC‐BIA method presented a mean value of the recovery values of 97.0 % to 102.0 % when it was applied to glucose determination in artificial blood plasma samples which indicates the promising performance of the proposed system to determine glucose.
Effects of honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) extract on physico‐chemical, oxidative and sensory traits of typical Italian salami
Authors: Smit Paula , Cullere Marco , Dalle Zotte Antonella , Balzan Stefania , Hoffman Louwrens Christiaan , Novelli Enrico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHoneybush (Cyclopia subternata Vogel) is an indigenous South African shrub enjoyed as hot brewed tea. “Unfermented” honeybush is also a potential antioxidant bioactive extract for foodstuffs due to its polyphenol content. The effect of “unfermented” honeybush extract (Hob; 0.5%) was evaluated in typical Italian salami and compared with nitrate (Nit; 100 mg/kg) and a control (Ctl; without nitrate or honeybush). After 35 days of ripening, Hob had a higher (p < .01) water activity (0.928), compared with Ctl (0.923) and Nit (0.924). Final pH (5.35–5.24) was not affected by treatments. Lower lipid oxidation was observed in Hob and Nit treatments (p < .001) compared with Ctl. Internal color and odor intensity were similar among treatments. Salami with honeybush extract had less spontaneous outer surface mold growth whereas the Ctl showed intermediate growth (p < .05). Honeybush extract seems a promising natural ingredient with antioxidant action.
Collaborative public spaces and upgrading through global value chains: The case of Dongguan, China
Authors: Murphree Michael , Breznitz Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryHow do multinational enterprises (MNEs) address host‐country challenges after the initial investment? And when does foreign direct investment (FDI) result in local upgrading? Using a study of FDI and global value chain participation in Dongguan, China, we find a mechanism in which FDI results in sustained local economic upgrading and improved MNE subsidiary performance: a collaborative public space (CPS). A CPS is a social space based on trust that enables different and divided actors to engage, sharing concerns and information in ways that they otherwise would be disinclined to consider. Using the CPS concept, we expand understanding of the effectiveness of MNE strategies in host‐country environments and the conditions in which FDI leads to change in global value chains.Managerial SummaryThe international strategy literature has found that FDI has ambiguous impacts on host‐country regions and firms, leading in some cases to upgrading or in others to local firm deskilling or decline. It has also shown that the postinvestment strategies of MNEs, particularly political connections or business associations, have mixed results. Using the concept of a CPS, we show how the construction of a trust‐based social space can improve MNE subsidiary and local firm performance and lead to changes in the structure and composition of global value chains (GVC). The GVC changes by incorporating new host‐country suppliers and buyers as well as increasing the value‐added, thus creating a new node and exchange patterns in the GVC.
Detection of amastigotes and histopathological alterations in the thymus of Leishmania infantum‐infected dogs
Authors: da Silva Aurea V. A. , de Souza Tainã L. , Figueiredo Fabiano B. , Mendes Artur A. V. , Ferreira Luiz C. , Filgueira Camila P. B. , Cuervo Patricia , Porrozzi Renato , Menezes Rodrigo C. , Morgado Fernanda N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), lymphopenia, and the disorganization of lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph nodes have been demonstrated. However, the involvement of thymus in CVL has not been evaluated so far. Herein, we investigated whether the thymus can be colonized by Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs.MethodsThymus were obtained from 16 of 58 dogs and samples of this organ were submitted to immunohistochemistry for laminin and fibronectin detection, histopathology, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene ITS‐1 for Leishmania and sequenced. Samples of spleen, skin and popliteal lymph nodes were collected and submitted to immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture followed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.ResultsL. infantum was identified in all dogs. DNA and amastigote forms of Leishmania were detected in the thymus from 16 dogs by PCR and in eight by immunohistochemistry. Besides thymus, parasites were detected in spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. A granulomatous or pyogranulomatous thymitis was observed in eight dogs associated to intact amastigotes forms of this parasite. Fibronectin deposition in thymus was higher in dogs with more clinical signs.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the thymus of dogs can be parasitized by L. infantum, which may generate inflammatory reactions leading to alterations in thymic microarchitecture.
Human and Arabidopsis alpha‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase homolog proteins—New players in important regulatory processes
Authors: Marcinkowski Michał , Pilžys Tomaš , Garbicz Damian , Steciuk Jaroslaw , Zugaj Dorota , Mielecki Damian , Sarnowski Tomasz J. , Grzesiuk Elżbieta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe family of AlkB homolog (ALKBH) proteins, the homologs ofEscherichia coliAlkB 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG), and Fe(II)‐dependent dioxygenase are involved in a number of important regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells including repair of alkylation lesions in DNA, RNA, and nucleoprotein complexes. There are nine human and thirteenArabidopsis thalianaALKBH proteins described, which exhibit diversified functions. Among them, human ALKBH5 and FaT mass and Obesity‐associated (FTO) protein and Arabidopsis ALKBH9B and ALKBH10B have been recognized as N6methyladenine (N6meA) demethylases, the most abundant posttranscriptional modification in mRNA. The FTO protein is reported to be associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and involved in multiple other processes, while ALKBH5 is induced by hypoxia. Arabidopsis ALKBH9B is an N6meA demethylase influencing plant susceptibility to viral infections via m6A/A ratio control in viral RNA. ALKBH10B has been discovered to be a functional Arabidopsis homolog of FTO; thus, it is also an RNA N6meA demethylase involved in plant flowering and several other regulatory processes including control of metabolism. High‐throughput mass spectrometry showed multiple sites of human ALKBH phosphorylation. In the case of FTO, the type of modified residue decides about the further processing of the protein. This modification may result in subsequent protein ubiquitination and proteolysis, or in the blocking of these processes. However, the impact of phosphorylation on the other ALKBH function and their downstream pathways remains nearly unexplored in both human and Arabidopsis. Therefore, the investigation of evolutionarily conserved functions of ALKBH proteins and their regulatory impact on important cellular processes is clearly called for.
Comparing therapy outcomes of patients before and after enrolling in an anticoagulation self‐testing program
Authors: Romano Teresa , Rein Lisa , Celebre Gregory , Hardman Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposePatients managed by the Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin (F&MCW) Anticoagulation Clinics (ACC) have three monitoring options: face‐to‐face management, telephone management, or self‐testing management with limited clinician interaction only when International Normalized Ratios (INRs) are out of range or when clinically appropriate. To investigate if F&MCW ACC's current method of less frequent interaction for self‐testing is safe and effective, the purpose of this study was to determine if patients taking warfarin who were previously managed either face‐to‐face or via telephone call in the F&MCW ACC can be as effectively managed while self‐testing at home.MethodsThis pre‐post study analyzed data from face‐to‐face or telephone call anticoagulation management 6 months before and after each patient's self‐testing teach‐visit date. The primary outcome was the patients' time in therapeutic range (TTR) for INR values before and after enrolling in the self‐testing program. Secondary outcomes were the number of major bleeding and thromboembolic events and the number of INRs greater than 5.0 before and after transitioning to INR self‐testing. Patients served as their own control group for all outcomes of this study.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation [SD]) TTR for subjects 6 months before and after transitioning to self‐testing was 69.9% (20.9) and 73.2% (18.0), respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant increase in TTR of 3.3% (25.4) with self‐testing (P = .047). Thirty‐six critical values occurred in the 6 months before self‐testing and 24 occurred in the 6 months after transitioning to self‐testing (P = .23). Additionally, four major bleeding and thromboembolic events occurred in four different patients in the 6 months after transitioning to self‐testing (P = .13).ConclusionsF&MCW ACC's model for self‐testing management of every 2‐week self‐tests and limited clinician interaction demonstrates statistically significant improvements in TTR after patients transitioned to self‐testing. There was no statistically significant increase in adverse events following this transition.
Green synthesis of caffeine based on methylating reagent dimethyl carbonate and environmental friendly separating method
Authors: Yang Shu‐Zhen , Dong Zhi‐Qiang , Yin Cheng‐Cheng , Yue Hui‐Juan , Gao Wei‐Wei , Yang Feng‐Ke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a green process for the synthesis and separation of caffeine was reported. Theophylline sodium is used as the raw material, diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene as the catalyst, and Turkey red oil as the solvent, particularly, dimethyl carbonate was adopted in place of high toxic dimethyl sulfate to form a mixture of caffeine and by‐product sodium bicarbonate. After converting sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate, the solubility difference between caffeine and sodium carbonate at 40°C was for the first time utilized to achieve the purpose of separating caffeine with an excellent yield of 98.4% and a purity of greater than 99.0%. Furthermore, both the reaction mother liquor and separation mother liquor can be recycled and reused during the reaction and separation processes, respectively, with little caffeine loss. No industrial waste was discharged in the process of the improved synthesis and separation, which is therefore environmental friendly.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Network Analysis of Traumatic Stress
Authors: Frewen Paul , O'Donnell Meaghan , D'Andrea Wendy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNetwork analysis has emerged as a promising new statistical methodology for traumatic stress studies. The present special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress amalgamates the reports of 10 studies that employed network analysis to further the field's understanding of traumatic stress. The current issue includes reports of network analyses that sought to better understand the impact of different kinds of traumatic events, including childhood and gender‐based trauma exposure, on PTSD symptomatology as defined under the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11, and examined the relation between PTSD symptoms and trauma‐related dissociative experiences as well as the impact of psychological treatment on trauma recovery. A variety of research designs from a diverse group of international samples were employed, including concurrent, longitudinal, experience‐sampling, and treatment outcome studies. Finally, a commentary on the articles included in this special issue was provided by Dr. Carl Weems.
Ein Gerät für jeden Laborplatz
Authors: Wejner Manuel , Wilke Timm 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMesswerte im Unterricht quantitativ, präzise und kostengünstig zu erfassen, ist gar nicht so einfach – Messgeräte sind teuer und daher wenig vorhanden oder erfordern längere Einarbeitungszeit. Eine Alternative für Schule, Schülerlabor und Hochschulpraktikum ist eine digitale Messstation aus Low‐Cost‐Bauteilen und Miniatursensoren.