bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdosimetric measurements of a monoenergetic and modulated Bragg Peaks of 62 MeV therapeutic proton beam with a synthetic single crystal diamond microdosimeter
Authors: Verona C. , Cirrone G. A. P. , Magrin G. , Marinelli M. , Palomba S. , Petringa G. , Rinati G. Verona 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the performance of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector for the microdosimetric characterization of clinical 62 MeV ocular therapy proton beams.MethodsA novel diamond microdosimeter with a well‐defined sensitive volume was fabricated and tested with a monoenergetic and spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) of the CATANA therapeutic proton beam in Catania, Italy. The whole sensitive volume of the detector has an active planar‐sectional area of 100 µm × 100 µm and a thickness of approximately 6.3 um. Microdosimetric measurements were performed at several water equivalent depths, corresponding to positions of clinical relevance. From the measured spectra, microdosimetric quantities such as the frequency mean lineal energy (), dose mean lineal energy () as well as microdosimetric relative biological effectiveness (RBEµ) values were derived for each depth along both a pristine Bragg curve and SOBP. Finally, Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were performed modeling the detector geometry and CATANA beamline in order to calculate the average linear energy transfer (LET) values in the diamond active layer and water.ResultsThe microdosimetric spectra acquired by the diamond microdosimeter show different shapes as a function of the water equivalent depths. No spectral distortion, due to pile‐up events and polarization effects, was observed. The experimental spectra have a very low detection threshold due to the electronic noise during the irradiation of about 1 keV/μm. The and values were in agreement with expected trends, showing a sharp increase in mean lineal energy at the distal edge of the Bragg peak. In addition, a good agreement between the mean lineal energy values and the calculated average LET ones was also observed. Finally, the RBE values evaluated with the diamond microdosimeter were in excellent agreement with those obtained with a mini tissue equivalent proportional counter as well as with radiobiological measurements in the same proton beam field.ConclusionsThe microdosimetric performance of the tested synthetic single crystal diamond microdosimeter clearly indicates its suitability for quality assurance in clinical proton therapy beam.
An exploration of physiotherapy telephone services: Impact on patient and service outcomes. A narrative review
Authors: Gilhooly Sophie , Alexander Jenny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe demands on healthcare are intensifying and access times are rising. The appropriateness of telemedicine amongst the physiotherapy profession remains under question. This review aimed to explore the current evidence base and highlight methods in which services can be embedded more consistently. With the push for new methods of service delivery, this project fits well with the current climate.MethodsElectronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed were searched using basic and combination key terms without date restriction.Ethical ApprovalEthical approval was not required as the work is not considered research.Results/DiscussionPhysiotherapy is considered by many, a hands‐on profession and failure to meet this expectation appears to take precedent over quality of care. Staff with prior experience view telephone services more positively and engage better. Interestingly no specific training requirements have been set to aid the development of staff in this new role. Telephone services are able to manage a modest proportion of patients however care must be taken to avoid increases in consulting time and costs via mechanisms such as repeated consultations. Patient choice, staff satisfaction and wider access also impacts on acceptability of these services for patients and staff.Conclusion(s)Telephone services offer flexible, alternative options for patients and support variation and skill development for staff however appear less satisfactory than usual care. Further research into areas such as patient expectation, staff training and evaluation of costs will develop the evidence base and support the use of telephone services within the physiotherapy profession.
Autonomic neuropathies
Authors: Kaur Divpreet , Tiwana Harmanpreet , Stino Amro , Sandroni Paola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAutonomic neuropathies represent a complex group of disorders that preferentially target autonomic fibers and can be classified as either acute/subacute or chronic in onset. Acute‐onset autonomic neuropathies manifest with such conditions as paraneoplastic syndromes, Guillain‐Barre syndrome, Sjögren syndrome, infection, or toxins/chemotherapy. When the presentation is acute, immune‐mediated, and without a secondary cause, autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is likely, and should be considered for immunotherapy. Of the chronic‐onset forms, diabetes is the most widespread and disabling, with autonomic impairment portending increased mortality and cardiac wall remodeling risk. Acquired light chain (AL) and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis represent two other key etiologies, with TTR amyloidosis now amenable to newly‐approved gene‐modifying therapies. The COMPASS‐31 questionnaire is a validated outcome measure that can be used to monitor autonomic severity and track treatment response. Symptomatic treatments targeting orthostatic hypotension, among other symptoms, should be individualized and complement disease‐modifying therapy, when possible.
Fast repetitive stretch suppresses denervation‐induced muscle fibrosis
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Inaoka Pleiades Tiharu , Yano Asami , Nakagawa Takao , Yamazaki Toshiaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to examine the influence of different speeds of stretching on denervation‐induced skeletal muscle fibrosis.MethodsStretching was passively applied to rat plantaris muscle denervated by sciatic nerve excision in three different cycles of 0.5, 3, or 12 cycles/min, for 20 min/d for 2 weeks.ResultsGene analysis results showed greater expression of fibrosis‐related factors with fast stretching compared with non‐stretched muscle. Laser Doppler blood flow analysis indicated reduced intramuscular blood flow during stretching. Histological analysis demonstrated fibrotic area decreases in 12 cycles/min stretched muscle compared with non‐stretched muscle.ConclusionsSlower stretching induced greater mRNA expression of collagen and fibroblasts and greater decrement of blood flow. Histologically, faster stretching suppressed fibrosis. These results suggest that fast repetitive stretching of denervated muscle might suppress processes of muscle fibrosis.
Transverse and longitudinal fluid flow modelling in fractured porous media with non‐matching meshes
Authors: Damirchi Behnam V. , Carvalho Marcelo R. , Bitencourt Luís A. G. , Manzoli Osvaldo L. , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new discrete fracture model is introduced to simulate the steady‐state fluid flow in discontinuous porous media. The formulation uses a multi‐layered approach to capture the effect of both longitudinal and transverse permeability of the discontinuities in the pressure distribution. The formulation allows the independent discretisation of mesh and discontinuities, which do not need to conform. Given that the formulation is developed at the element level, no additional degrees of freedom or special integration procedures are required for coupling the non‐conforming meshes. The proposed model is shown to be reliable regardless of the permeability of the discontinuity being higher or lower than the surrounding domain. Four numerical examples of increasing complexity are solved to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the new technique when compared with results available in the literature. Results show that the proposed method can simulate the fluid pressure distribution in fractured porous media. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability regarding the condition number for wide range values of the coupling parameter.
BMI, Weight Discrimination, and the Trajectory of Distress and Well‐Being Across the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Strickhouser Jason E. , Lee Ji Hyun , Sesker Amanda A. , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the trajectory of psychological distress and well‐being across the coronavirus pandemic by BMI category and weight discrimination.MethodsParticipants (N = 1,590) were assessed three times: early February 2020 before the coronavirus crisis in the United States and again in mid‐March and late April 2020. Participants reported their weight, height, and weight discrimination in February. Depressed affect, loneliness, purpose in life, life satisfaction, and perceived support were assessed in all surveys; anxiety and stress were assessed in the March/April surveys.ResultsPrior to the pandemic, reporting weight discrimination or being in the underweight or obesity 2 to 3 categories was associated with more distress and lower well‐being. Weight discrimination, not BMI, was associated with a twofold increased risk of incident depression from before to during the pandemic. Weight discrimination was associated with declines in purpose in life and life satisfaction across the pandemic. BMI categories were unrelated to changes in distress/well‐being across the pandemic.ConclusionsPrior to the pandemic, BMI and weight discrimination were vulnerabilities for greater distress and lower well‐being. Weight discrimination, but not BMI, increased risk for incident depression and declines in well‐being during the coronavirus pandemic.
Platelet transfusion practice and platelet refractoriness for a cohort of pediatric oncology patients: A single‐center study
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet transfusions are an essential aspect of supportive care for pediatric oncology patients. Data regarding the frequency of transfusions, pretransfusion thresholds, posttransfusion increments, and rate of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) are lacking. Study objectives: (a) describe platelet transfusion practice for children with malignancy; (b) determine the normal platelet increment following platelet transfusion; and (c) assess rate of PTR.MethodsInpatient pediatric oncology patients <18 years old and treated between 2009 and 2013 were identified. Data collected retrospectively included patient demographics, clinical information, laboratory values, and transfusion details.ResultsThree hundred sixty‐seven children were included and 144 (39%) received at least one platelet transfusion. Platelets were transfused during 25% of all inpatient admissions. The median number of platelet transfusion for any given inpatient admission was two (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐3). The median pretransfusion platelet count was 16 × 109/L and posttransfusion increment was 25 × 109/L. Most (79%) of the time, the pretransfusion platelet count was >10 × 109/L. Older children who received ABO incompatible platelet transfusions with a longer storage duration were more likely to have a poor platelet response (increment ≤ 10 × 109/L). The rate of PTR (immune and/or nonimmune) was low (8%; 11/144).ConclusionsPractical information to parents and clinicians of newly diagnosed children regarding the likelihood and frequency of platelet transfusions was determined. The rate of PTR was low, supporting the hypothesis that children receiving leukoreduced products are at a low risk of PTR.
Establishing a rapid cooling complex mold design for the quality improvement of microcellular injection molding
Authors: Chang Yung‐Hsiang , Chiu Min‐Chi , Chen Shia‐Chung , Chang Che‐Wei , Tseng Chia‐Yen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInjection molding is one of the most widely‐used processes for the production of plastic parts, due to the utilization of diverse materials, the complex product‐shape moldability, and the rapid mass production. In relation to the environmental issues, light‐weight technology and green molding solutions are becoming more important. Microcellular injection molding technology is one of the green molding solutions for saving materials, as well as reducing the weight of molded parts. However, the molding process brings about some defects, including a sliver flow mark on the surface and uneven mechanical properties that are caused by the uneven cell size and their distribution within the part. Dynamic molding temperature control technology seems to be an effective way of improving the product quality. Until recently, there has been very little discussion about high‐efficiency cooling methods. A new complex mold for a cooling system has been designed. The basis cooling ability of different materials was investigated. The complex mold design has a faster cooling rate, and it has a greater surface temperature uniformity. This cooling technology was used to improve the quality of microcellular injection molded parts, which improves the glossy finish by about 73%. The results show that the faster cooling rate brings about the more uniform cell size with higher cell density from 9.43E+11 to 1.92E+12 cells/cm3. Otherwise, the cell size reduced from 192.92 to 84.97 μm.
Registration of USDA‐N6004 soybean germplasm derived from Japanese cultivar Blue Side
Authors: Bagherzadi Laleh , Gillen Anne M. , McNeece Brant T. , Mian M.A. Rouf , Carter Thomas E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUSDA‐N6004 (Reg. no. GP‐441, PI 692264) is a conventional, late maturity group (MG) VI soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm developed to increase the diversity of the genetic base of applied soybean breeding in North America. This germplasm was released by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in September 2019. USDA‐N6004 traces 50% of its pedigree to the large‐seeded Japanese cultivar Blue Side and is the first U.S. release derived from this exotic accession, as Blue Side is not a part of the historic genetic base of U.S. soybean. USDA‐N6004 has a yield potential and maturity similar to that of its adapted parent, ‘NC‐Roy’. Over 35 test environments of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests–Southern States (Uniform Tests), USDA‐N6004 yielded 99% of NC‐Roy, matured 2 d earlier, and exhibited 3.9 g greater 100 seed weight than NC‐Roy. Over 23 environments of the United Soybean Board Southern Diversity Yield Trials, USDA‐N6004 yielded 97% of NC‐Roy and 91% of the elite cultivar NC‐Dilday. Seed protein and estimated meal protein content of the release were lower and seed oil content was higher than NC‐ Roy (its adapted parent) in the Uniform Tests. However, meal protein percentage of USDA‐N6004 was above the industry minimum standard of 48%. Thus, this germplasm should prove valuable as parental stock in applied breeding. This soybean release is among the first in the United States developed via a combination of bulk breeding and pedigree selection.
Measurement Properties of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Araujo Giulia M. D. , Pinto Rafael Z. , Azevedo Bruna R. , Silva Fernanda G. , Damato Tatiana M. , Grande Guilherme D. , Christofaro Diego G. D. , Oliveira Crystian B. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) is a brief and easy instrument to measure time spent on sedentary activities; however, no study has investigated the reliability and validity of this questionnaire in people with chronic low back pain (LBP).ObjectiveTo investigate the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, measurement error, construct validity, and interpretability of the SBQ against data derived from an accelerometer in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.Study designCross‐sectional study.SettingOutpatient physiotherapy clinic.PatientsSeventy‐five patients aged between 18 and 60 years (mean age, 42 years old) with nonspecific chronic LBP were recruited for this study.InterventionsNot applicable.MethodsThe Cronbach's α was calculated to investigate the internal consistency of the SBQ and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to investigate the reliability of the SBQ between two administrations separated by a 1‐week interval. Measurement error was assessed calculating the SEM and minimal detectable change (MDC). Spearman correlation (r) was calculated to investigate the construct validity using hypothesis testing. Interpretability was investigated using ceiling and floor effects.ResultsThe Cronbach's α of the SBQ total score was 0.92, indicating homogeneity among the items of the instrument. The reliability of the SBQ was excellent (ICC > 0.75), without any evidence of ceiling and floor effects. Regarding measurement error, the total score of the SBQ showed an SEM and MDC of 109.8 minutes per day and 304.4 minutes per day, respectively. However, there were no correlations of the SBQ domains or the total score with the accelerometer‐measured sedentary time (r < 0.25).ConclusionThe SBQ is a reliable tool for quantifying time spent in sedentary activities of patients with chronic LBP. The SBQ showed poor construct validity compared to the accelerometer‐measured sedentary time, which indicates that patients may underestimate their time spent in sedentary activities.
Synthesis and design of polyurethane and its nanocomposites derived from canola‐castor oil: Mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties
Authors: Dehghan Parham , Noroozi Mina , Sadeghi Gity Mir Mohamad , Abrisham Mahbod , Amirkiai Arian , Panahi‐Sarmad Mahyar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recent global pandemic and its tremendous effect on the price fluctuations of crude oil illustrates the side effects of petroleum dependency more evident than ever. Over the past decades, both academic and industrial communities spared endless efforts in order to replace petroleum‐based materials with bio‐derived resources. In the current study, a series of shape memory polymer composites (SMPC's) was synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils, namely canola oil and castor oil fatty acids (COFA's) as a 100% bio‐based polyol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as an isocyanate using a solvent/catalyst‐free method in order to eventuate polyurethanes (PU's). Thereafter, graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets were synthesized and embedded in the neat PU in order to overcome the thermomechanical drawbacks of the neat matrix. The chemical structure of the synthesized components, as well as the dispersion and distribution levels of the nanoparticles, was characterized. In the following, thermal and mechanical properties as well as shape memory behavior of the specimens were comprehensively investigated. Likewise, the thermal conductivity was determined. This study proves that synthesized PU's based on vegetable oil polyols, including graphene nanoparticles, exhibit proper thermal and mechanical properties, which make them stand as a potential candidate to compete with traditional petroleum‐based SMPC's.
Adaptive controller of nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and unknown input powers
Authors: Guo Tiantian , Liu Yungang , Man Yongchao 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article is devoted to global adaptive stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Notably, the systems under investigation admit unknown control directions and unknown input powers, and particularly the latter, which are a new type of system uncertainties, largely challenge the feasibility of continuous feedbacks. This spurs us to pursue a switching adaptive feedback which is actual a discontinuous one with high feedback capability. To solve the control problem, a parameterized controller in a specified form is first introduced, which can globally stabilize the system once the design parameter involved belongs to a certain set. However, the controller cannot directly be implemented since the set depends heavily on the unknown input powers. To make the parameterized controller implementable, a new switching strategy is delicately proposed, which can instantly update the parameters of the controller to compensate the serious system uncertainties. It turns out that the parameterized controller with switching updating mechanism guarantees that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. Simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
22‐5: Late‐News Paper: Silicone‐based Low‐k Material for Display
Authors: Park Yungjin , Swatowski Brandon , Ogawa Takuya , Jang EunKyung , Fu Peng-Fei , Chung Myunhwa 
Published: September 2020

The encapsulation and insulation layers, which are typically located between a data electrode and a pixel electrode, should have low parasitic capacitance and enough electrical insulation to minimize signal distortion and crosstalk. Low dielectric constant (Dk) material reduces the parasitic capacitance and improve the insulation performance. New OLED flexible displays need organic‐based passivation and insulation materials for flexibility, light weight and productivity. Epoxy and acryl‐based materials were widely used in display industry for this purpose, but both have relatively higher Dk greater than 3.0, which limits to design new flexible displays and touch screen panels.DOW has invented a low Dk optical material based on silicone technology. A Dk value of 2.5 was achieved with a low viscosity of 12–18 mPa.s at 25°C for jetting without solvent. The newly developed product can be cured at 1,000 mJ/cm2 energy density at 395 nm with a light emitting diode (LED) ultraviolet (UV) lamp. One of the target applications is a dielectric layer for touch screen panels on organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, but it is not limited to this. This material enables display manufacturers to develop and design ultrathin and innovative touch screen panels; and the novel and patented technology can be applied to various applications that require low dielectric constant.
36‐2: Invited Paper: The Latest Breakthrough of Printing Technology for Next Generation Premium TV
Authors: Lee Jueng Gil(James) , Yu Lei , Zhuang Jinyong , Li Zhe , Chen Yawen , Dong Ting , Sun Xianwen , Yao Songjin , Xie Xiangwei , Fu Dong , Yan Xiaolin 
Published: September 2020

The ink jet printing RGB patterning technology (“Printing Technology”) for OLED TV application is gathering momentum toward commercialization. The main technical challenges of printing technology, are (1) to improve the OLED TV panel performance fabricated by printing technology, and (2) to establish manufacturable the G8.5/G11 MURA‐Free printing technology. Recently, the printing technology has made tremendous progress in terms of OLED material performance( life time, current efficiency, color gamut and driving voltage) including optimization of top emission device architecture and maturity of MURA‐Free ink‐jet printing technology ,such as high performance ink‐jet printing equipment equipped with excellent print‐head in terms of drop volume uniformity and drop placement accuracy, ink formulation for reliable jetting, hydrophobic bank material/design/process and unique vacuum dry & bake process.TCL Group (Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology, TCL Corporate Research, TCL CSOT) has been developing the manufacturable printing technology for TV application and innovative flexible display technology since 2015. Based on development activities of 31” 4K OLED TV, 31” 4K H‐QLED TV(World 1st Demo at CES 2019), 31” FHD Flexible Printed OLED TV and 4.92” (403ppi) high resolution panel, the latest breakthrough of printing technology for next generation premium TV is discussed in details.