bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ladder‐Type Heteroheptacenes with Different Heterocycles for Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Cai Dongdong , Wan Shuo , Wang Pengsong , Wang Jinyun , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel nonfullerene acceptors (M8 and M34) based on ladder‐type heteroheptacenes with different heterocycles are reported. Replacing the furan heterocycles with the thiophene heterocycles in the heteroheptacene backbone leads to a hypsochromically shifted absorption band and greatly improved carrier transport for the resulting nonfullerene acceptor (M34) although the π–π‐stacking distances are barely affected. Bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cells fabricated from M34 and a wide band gap polymer (PM6) as the donor showed a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.24 % with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.91 V, much higher than a PCE of 4.21 % and a VOC of 0.83 V for the counterparts based on M8:PM6. These results highlight the importance of key atoms in the construction of high‐performance nonfullerene acceptors.
Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Installation of Ln4(OH)4 Cubanes in an Anionic Metallosupramolecular Framework
Authors: Yoshinari Nobuto , Meundaeng Natthaya , Tabe Hiroyasu , Yamada Yusuke , Yamashita Satoshi , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Konno Takumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPostsynthetic installation of lanthanide cubanes into a metallosupramolecular framework via a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation is presented. Soaking single crystals of K6[Rh4Zn4O(l‐cys)12] (K6[1]; l‐H2cys=l‐cysteine) in a water/ethanol solution containing Ln(OAc)3 (Ln3+=lanthanide ion) results in the exchange of K+ by Ln3+ with retention of the single crystallinity, producing Ln2[1] (2Ln) and Ln0.33[Ln4(OH)4(OAc)3(H2O)7][1] (3Ln) for early and late lanthanides, respectively. While the Ln3+ ions in 2Ln exist as disordered aqua species, those in 3Ln form ordered hydroxide‐bridged cubane clusters that connect [1]6− anions in a 3D metal‐organic framework through coordination bonds with carboxylate groups. This study shows the utility of an anionic metallosupramolecular framework with carboxylate groups for the creation of a series of metal cubanes that have great potential for various applications, such as magnetic materials and heterogeneous catalysts.
An evaluation of prompting procedures in error correction for children with autism
Authors: Yuan Chengan , Zhu Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractError correction is a common instructional strategy for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As prompts are ubiquitous in error correction, we compared the effects of error correction with two prompting procedures (i.e., echoic and picture prompts) for four children with ASD. We used an adapted alternating treatments design embedded in a multiple baseline across participants design. Two comparisons were included to assess whether the relative effects of the arrangements would correspond and replicate within each participant. The results showed that error correction with picture prompt seemed to have produced faster mastery across the two comparisons. Our findings suggest that the various prompting procedure may result in differentiated error‐correction effects. Practitioners may consider assessing the relative effects of error‐correction procedures during treatment selection.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acid glycosides in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf, G. biloba leaf extract and its injection
Authors: Li Yazhen , Wang Ruoliu , Lin Yugang , Han Bing , Wang Bo , Wang Shufang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGinkgo biloba L. leaf (GBL) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in the world. Phenolic acids with biological activities have a relatively high content in G. biloba leaf extracts (GBE); therefore they are of great significance for the quality control of GBL, GBE and its preparations. However, there have been few studies focused on their analysis. In this work, 12 phenolic acids, including 11 phenolic acid glycosides, were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC–Q‐TOF/MS). Then, a method combining enzymolysis with HPLC was established for quantification of phenolic acid glycosides. It was found that the aglycones of phenolic acid glycosides mainly comprised five phenolic acids: 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p‐coumaric acid. The quantitative method was validated, and the correlation coefficient (0.9993–0.9999), recovery (≥88.4%), repeatability (≤0.8%), and inter‐day precision (≤5.5%) were satisfactory. Finally, the contents of glycosides of five phenolic acids in GBL, GBE and GBE injection from different sources were determined by the developed method. The method was accurate, repeatable and practicable, which could be helpful for the quantification of phenolic acid glycosides in other products containing GBL or GBE.
Relationship between HETP measurements and breakthrough curves in short chromatography columns
Authors: Roberts Joey A. , Carta Giorgio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn analysis of the relationship between the number of plates measured with a small molecule tracer and the breakthrough curve of a strongly bound protein in short laboratory chromatography columns (1–5 cm) considering flow nonuniformity is presented. For practical conditions, while axial dispersion has only a small impact on the breakthrough curve, radial flow nonuniformity has a profound effect. Radial parabolic velocity profiles lead to tailing tracer peaks and broader breakthrough curves. Profiles where the velocity varies radially only in a thin region near the column wall lead to fronting tracer peaks and early breakthrough when the velocity at the wall is higher than the average and to tailing peaks and tailing breakthrough curves when the velocity at the wall is lower than the average. Experiments conducted in laboratory minicolumns (0.5–1 cm diameter, 0.5–1 ml volume) show tracer peaks and protein breakthrough curves that are consistent with higher velocities at the wall. The model presented in this work provides a tool to model experimental breakthrough data and to assess the degree of flow uniformity required to obtain meaningful dynamic binding capacity measurements using minicolumns in a high‐throughput lab setting.
Empirical and Practical Implications for Documenting Early Racial Transfer Gaps
Authors: Crisp Gloria , Potter Charlie , Robertson Rebecca , Carales Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter documents racial/ethnic inequities in transfer among a national sample of first‐time beginning students included in the newest wave of the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:12/14). Implications for transfer partnerships in promoting racial/ethnic transfer equity and improving student success are included.
Finding the Path Forward to Effective Transfer Partnerships for Racially Minoritized Students
Authors: Amey Marilyn J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAuthors in this volume presented numerous examples of pathways that provide opportunity for more successful transfer especially for racially minoritized students. They describe processes for enacting partnerships between community colleges and universities along with the opportunities and challenges encountered in advancing more equitable postsecondary systems. This final chapter revisits key lessons from the authors to return to core principles that lay the foundation of the volume.
Pasireotide‐induced hyperglycemia in a patient with Cushing's disease: Potential use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist for treatment
Authors: Shikata Masato , Ashida Kenji , Goto Yuka , Nagayama Ayako , Iwata Shimpei , Yano Mamiko , Hasuzawa Nao , Hara Kento , Mawatari Kazutoshi , Sakata Kiyohiko , Tsuruta Munehisa , Wada Nobuhiko , Nomura Masatoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPasireotide improves hypercortisolemia and induces hyperglycemia via somatostatin receptor type‐5 stimulation. GLP‐1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor potentially help regulate hyperglycemia in patients with Cushing's disease, especially after pasireotide administration.
Spherical Mesoporous SBA‐15‐Supported CoP Nanoparticles as Robust Selective CO2Reduction and H2‐Generating Catalyst under Visible Light
Authors: Fu Zi‐Cheng , Moore Joshua T. , Yang Zi‐Xin , Hu Jia‐Jun , Fu Wen‐Fu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe highly active spherical hybrid catalysts with diameters of 3–8 μm for robust selective CO2 photoreduction and hydrogen production by switching solvent, CoP/(i)s‐SBA‐15 and CoP/(o)s‐SBA‐15, were in situ synthesized for the first time by incorporating CoP nanoparticles on the interior and outside of the spherical mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous (s‐SBA)‐type material s‐SBA‐15. CoP/(i)s‐SBA‐15 has a larger pore diameter of ∼9.5 nm, relative to ∼5.7 nm of CoP/(o)s‐SBA‐15, and a calculated Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of ∼214 m2 g−1 compared with ∼336 m2 g−1 for the latter. In comparison with bare CoP, the composites exhibited excellent catalytic CO‐ and H2‐generating performance with product selectivity of up to 76.3 % and 99.9 % through switching solvents containing Ru‐based photosensitizer under ambient conditions, respectively. The influences of various solvents and electron donors, as well as the amounts of H2O, and catalyst on reaction kinetics for CO2 reduction and H2 production, and intrinsic properties of both catalysts were investigated and compared.
Interactive deformation‐driven person silhouette image synthesis
Authors: Kong Di , Wan Lili , Zhang Zhizhuo , Xu Wanru , Wang Shenghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of synthesizing person silhouette images. Previous methods on human‐centric image synthesis deal with normal images taken under consistent lighting conditions. However, a silhouette image has an inconsistent lighting appearance, in which the dark subject and the bright background form a strong contrast. Therefore, it brings great challenges to person silhouette image synthesis. We present a staged method to synthesize realistic person silhouette photos with various poses. The purpose of our method is to give ordinary users the opportunities to interactively adjust the pose of a person in a silhouette photo. The method consists of four main steps: person detection, person analysis, interactive deformation, and image synthesis. To obtain the shape of the target person, we propose a silhouette image segmentation algorithm combined with person detection. Moreover, we also present an effective image inpainting approach to complement a silhouette image with an irregular hole. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate a set of realistic person silhouette images with interactively changed poses.
Modulation of gut microbiota mediates berberine‐induced expansion of immuno‐suppressive cells to against alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Li Sha , Wang Ning , Tan Hor‐Yue , Chueng Fan , Zhang Zhang‐Jin , Yuen Man‐Fung , Feng Yibin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBerberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid compound derived from many herbs, which has been used extensively to improve liver function. But action mechanism of its hepatoprotection in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is far from being clear.AimTo investigate the underlying mechanism of berberine's therapeutic effect on ALD associated with gut microbiota‐immune system axis.MethodAn animal model fed with ethanol that mimics drinking pattern ideally in ALD patients was established. Liver function was evaluated by biochemical test and histological examination. Immune cells were detected by flow cytometry and feces samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsWe first reported the promising beneficial effect of berberine on ameliorating acute‐on‐chronic alcoholic hepatic damage and explored the underlying mechanism involving gut microbiota‐immune system axis. Notably, berberine activated a population with immune suppressive function, defined as granulocytic‐ myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (G‐MDSC)‐like population, in the liver of mice with alleviating alcohol‐induced hepatic injury. Berberine remarkably enhanced the increase of G‐MDSC‐like cells in blood and liver and decreased cytotoxic T cells correspondingly. Suppression of G‐MDSC‐like population significantly attenuated the protective effect of berberine against alcohol. Berberine activated IL6/STAT3 signaling in in vitro culture of G‐MSDCs‐like population, while inhibition of STAT3 activity attenuated the activation of this population by berberine. Moreover, berberine changed the overall gut microbial community, primarily increased the abundance ofAkkermansia muciniphila. Of note, depletion of gut microbiota abolished the inducing effect of berberine on G‐MDSC‐like population, and attenuated its hepatoprotective effect against alcohol in mice, suggesting intestinal flora might be involved in mediating the expansion of this protective population.ConclusionCollectively, this study delivered insight into the role of immunosuppressive response in ALD, and facilitated the understanding of the pharmacological effects and action mechanisms of berberine.
Integrative clinical and molecular analysis of advanced biliary tract cancers on immune checkpoint blockade reveals potential markers of response
Authors: Li Jingjing , Wei Qing , Wu Xiaoying , Sima Jun , Xu Qi , Wu Mengmeng , Wang Fufeng , Mou Haibo , Hu Hanguang , Zhao Jianguo , Li Da , Hu Jinlin , Zhang Lingnan , Zhu Xiu , Chen Lei , Luo Cong , Yan Junrong , He Jiachen , Ma Yutong , Shao Yang , Wu Wei , Ying Jieer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile there have been encouraging preliminary clinical results for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in BTCs, it remains a challenge to identify the subset of patients who may benefit. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of ICI treatment in patients with advanced BTCs, and explored potential biomarkers that are predictive of response.MethodsThe study enrolled 26 patients with advanced microsatellite stable BTCs (15 with gallbladder cancers [GCs] and 11 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ICCs]) who received ICI treatment. Targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on tumor tissue samples collected from 17 patients. Clinical and genomic characteristics were assessed for the correlation with clinical outcome.ResultsAnalysis of the baseline clinical characteristics showed that performance score (PS) of 0 was associated with a better prognosis than PS of 1 (HR = 1.08 × 109; 95% CI, 0∼Inf; P = .002). No significant correlations were found between clinical outcome and inflammation‐related indicators. NGS profiling of the available tumor tissues, revealed largely non‐overlapping somatic alterations between GCs and ICCs. Mutations in LRP1B (HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.06‐1.21; P = .067), ERBB2 (HR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02‐1.19; P = .04), or PKHD1 (HR < 0.01; 95% CI, 0‐Inf; P = .04) showed strong association with increased progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit. Subsequent analysis showed that alterations in the RTK‐RAS pathway were associated with improved outcomes (HR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02‐0.63; P = .003). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was higher in patients with GC than those with ICC, and was associated with LRP1B mutations (P = .032). We found that patients with 19q amplification (19q Amp) and 9p deletion (9p Del) had poor PFS outcome (19q Amp, HR = 15.4; 95% CI, 2.7‐88.5; P < .001; 9p Del; HR = 4.88 × 109; 95% CI, 0‐Inf; P < .001), while those with chromosomal instability derived PFS benefit (HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05‐1.17; P = .057).ConclusionOur study identified several potential clinical and genomic features that may serve as biomarkers of clinical response to ICIs in advanced BTCs patients. A larger sample size is required for further verification.
Varying Levels of Medium‐Chain Fatty Acids Affect Triacylglycerol Composition and Crystallization Behavior of African Elephant Milk Fat
Authors: Arita‐Merino Naomi , Yener Sine , van Valenberg Hein J. F. , Hugo Arno , Osthoff Gernot 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAfrican elephant milk fats from different stages of lactation are studied to investigate the link between high contents of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA), triacylglycerol (TAG) species, and crystallization in a milk fat system. The elephant milk fats contain high amounts of MCFA, specifically C8:0, C10:0, and C12:0, which mainly form medium molecular weight TAG species (C26–C34). The milk fats with the highest MCFA levels (97% and 82%) correspond to mid‐ and late‐lactation stages. These milk fats display simpler TAG compositions and crystallization behaviors. The great majority of mid‐ and late‐lactation milk fats are comprised of medium molecular weight (C28–C30) TAG. Both melting and crystallization are sharp events, and only β’ polymorph is observed. At early lactation, with 66% MCFA, a more diverse fatty acid composition is observed, and TAG species with medium molecular weight (C30–C34) and high molecular weight (C36–C44) are the dominant. Under dynamic conditions, crystallization and melting take place gradually over a wide temperature range, both α and β’ polymorph crystals are observed.Practical Applications: Mammals of different species provide milk lipids with a wide variety of fatty acid composition yet with common stereospecific features. The study of milk lipids, other than the common bovine milk lipids, allows the investigation of crystallographic properties in relation to fatty acid composition while preserving the stereospecific arrangement. Specifically, the study of elephant milk fats from different stages of lactation provides insight in to the effect of varying contents of medium‐chain fatty acids and fatty acid diversity on triacylglycerol composition and crystallization behavior.
Internet of things‐fog computing‐based framework for smart disaster management
Authors: Aljumah Abdullah , Kaur Avneet , Bhatia Munish , Ahamed Ahanger Tariq 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmart building incorporates the ubiquitous sensing ability of Internet of things (IoT) technology with the industrial infrastructure for automating decision‐making. Inspired by this, a novel technique of stochastic game net (SGN) has been proposed to minimize the tangible and intangible infrastructural losses due to disasters. Specifically, IoT technology is used for disaster management and control in a smart building based on SGN. In the proposed technique, every IoT sensor act as an individual player with prefixed action sets and strategies. Complete SGN of the IoT network in the smart building is formalized by collaborating SGN of an individual sensor. The model deployed in IoT building with different sensors detects disasters beforehand and generates early warning alerts to management units based on game‐theoretic decision‐making. Experimental evaluation on four challenging datasets, namely, disaster/accident sources, gas sensor drift, red cross smoke alarm, and oil spills show the effectiveness of a proposed framework in the smart building. The results are compared with several state‐of‐the‐art decision‐making techniques to measure the overall effectiveness of the proposed system. Based on simulations performed on NetLogo 5.3.1, enhanced results of performance parameters including temporal delay, statistical efficiency, reliability, and stability were registered. Moreover, mathematical analysis has been carried out to determine the overall performance of the presented technique.
Insulation failure of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to flame
Authors: Negahban Ehsan , Bagheri Ali , Al‐Dujaili Ali , Sanjayan Jay 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA critical consideration for the serviceability of composite sandwich panels is their thermal behaviour during fire incidents. This research aims to observe the thermal performance and investigate the insulation failure of the lightweight concrete sandwich panels (LCSPs) in non‐load bearing wall systems. Six standard one‐sided coupling fire tests on LCSPs in accordance with Australian standard AS 1530.4 were conducted via an electrical furnace; measured by thermocouples and a thermal camera, to assess the insulation capacity and their behaviour during fire events. The results indicated that the sandwich panels have insulation capacity for 75 to 110 minutes depending on the thickness and density. The bowing of the panels due to the expansion of the exposed steel shield and the consequent de‐bonding and cracking of concrete was one of the primary reasons of insulation failure. Additionally, this bowing led to the opening of the joints between the panels, which could allow the heat flows towards the unexposed surface. Moreover, the propagation of accelerated drying shrinkage cracks in the restrained concrete core was another reason for the failure. Lastly, the results suggested the benefits of increasing the thickness and density on thermal performance and insulation failure of the composite sandwich panels.
Manufacture of fresh cheese using east African Calotropis procera leaves extract crude enzyme as milk coagulant
Authors: Abebe Bethelhem , Emire Shimelis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work was aimed to develop fresh cheese using the crude extract from calotropis procera leaves and thereby performed evaluating milk‐clotting activity and acute toxicity of crude extract. The extraction of coagulant was performed at 30, 45, and 60℃ using 2, 6, and 10 g of dried calotropis procera leaves, respectively. The highest yield of crude enzyme extract was acquired with 2 g and 30℃, and results were varied significantly (p < .05). The highest cheese yield and fastest clotting time were 17.89 kg cheese/100kg milk and 14:50 min acquired with 10 g C. procera powder at 60℃ extraction temperature, respectively. E. coli, total bacterial count, yeast, and mold microbial load detection were observed below the limit established by codex alimentarius. This study recommends that use of C. procera crude enzyme leaves extract can be used as alternate milk coagulant for production of fresh cheeses. Soft cheeses manufactured with calotropin enzyme as milk coagulant revealed no adverse effects of toxicity tested on albino rates to the highest dose.
Numerical investigation for improved heat transfer characteristics in micro‐fin tubes
Authors: Dhamudia Kashinath , Mishra Pradeep Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenerally, internal micro‐fin tubes are used for increasing the life and performance of electronic devices. The micro‐fins enhance the heat transfer rate by increasing the surface area with an increase of the pressure drop. In this study, heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed by varying Reynolds number with the increase in the number of fins in tubes. Heat transfer and pressure drop, together with turbulence kinetic energy of micro‐fin tubes (helical and straight) and a smooth tube, have been evaluated for different Reynolds numbers (60 000, 40 000, 20 000, and 2000) at a constant temperature of 350 K, which clearly establishes laminar to turbulent flow. It is observed that the helical micro‐fin tube has a better result compared with the straight micro‐fin tube and smooth tube at Reynolds numbers 60 000, 40 000, and 20 000 at velocity 2, 1, and 0.5 m/s, respectively. This study is an attempt to establish a comparison of different micro‐fin geometries with varying Reynolds numbers, concluding that a high Reynolds number is suitable for the same.