bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior malleolar ankle fractures
Authors: Blom Robin P. , Hayat Batur , Al-Dirini Rami M. A. , Sierevelt Inger , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Goslings J. Carel , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Doornberg Job N. ,   EF3X-trial Study Group
Published: August 2020

Aims The primary aim of this study was to address the hypothesis that fracture morphology might be more important than posterior malleolar fragment size in rotational type posterior malleolar ankle fractures (PMAFs). The secondary aim was to identify clinically important predictors of outcome for each respective PMAF-type, to challenge the current dogma that surgical decision-making should be based on fragment size. Methods This observational prospective cohort study included 70 patients with operatively treated rotational type PMAFs, respectively: 23 Haraguchi Type I (large posterolateral-oblique), 22 Type II (two-part posterolateral and posteromedial), and 25 (avulsion-) Type III. There was no standardized protocol on how to address the PMAFs and CT-imaging was used to classify fracture morphology and quality of postoperative syndesmotic reduction. Quantitative 3D-CT (Q3DCT) was used to assess the quality of fracture reduction, respectively: the proportion of articular involvement; residual intra-articular: gap, step-off, and 3D-displacement; and residual gap and step-off at the fibular notch. These predictors were correlated with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) at two-years follow-up. Results Bivariate analyses revealed that fracture morphology (p = 0.039) as well as fragment size (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with the FAOS. However, in multivariate analyses, fracture morphology (p = 0.001) (but not fragment size (p = 0.432)) and the residual intra-articular gap(s) (p = 0.009) were significantly associated. Haraguchi Type-II PMAFs had poorer FAOS scores compared with Types I and III. Multivariate analyses identified the following independent predictors: step-off in Type I; none of the Q3DCT-measurements in Type II, and quality of syndesmotic reduction in small-avulsion Type III PMAFs. Conclusion PMAFs are three separate entities based on fracture morphology, with different predictors of outcome for each PMAF type. The current debate on whether or not to fix PMAFs needs to be refined to determine which morphological subtype benefits from fixation. In PMAFs, fracture morphology should guide treatment instead of fragment size. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1229–1241.
Increased fat depth is not associated with increased risk of surgical complications following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mayne Alistair I. W. , Cassidy Roslyn S. , Magill Paul , Diamond Owen J. , Beverland David E. 
Published: August 2020

Aims Previous research has demonstrated increased early complication rates following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in obese patients, as defined by body mass index (BMI). Subcutaneous fat depth (FD) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for wound infection in cervical and lumbar spine surgery, as well as after abdominal laparotomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased peritrochanteric FD was associated with an increased risk of complications in the first year following THA. Methods We analyzed prospectively collected data on a consecutive series of 1,220 primary THAs from June 2013 until May 2018. The vertical soft tissue depth from the most prominent part of the greater trochanter to the skin was measured intraoperatively using a sterile ruler and recorded to the nearest millimetre. BMI was calculated at the patient’s preoperative assessment. All surgical complications occuring within the initial 12 months of follow-up were identified. Results Females had a significantly greater FD at the greater trochanter in comparison to males (median 3.0 cm (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3 to 4.0) vs 2.0 cm (IQR 1.7 to 3.0); p < 0.001) despite equivalent BMI between sexes (male median BMI 30.0 kg/m2 (IQR 27.0 to 33.0); female median 29.0 kg/m2 (IQR 25.0 to 33.0)). FD showed a weak correlation with BMI (R² 0.41 males and R² 0.43 females). Patients with the greatest FD (upper quartile) were at no greater risk of complications compared with patients with the lowest FD (lower quartile); 7/311 (2.3%) vs 9/439 (2.1%); p = 0.820 . Conversely, patients with the highest BMI (≥ 40 kg/m2) had a significantly increased risk of complications compared with patients with lower BMI (< 40 kg/m2); 5/60 (8.3% vs 18/1,160 (1.6%), odds ratio (OR) 5.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1 to 16.1; p = 0.001)). Conclusion We found no relationship between peritrochanteric FD and the risk of surgical complications following primary THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1146–1150.
Does screw position matter for guided growth in cerebral palsy hips?
Authors: Hsu Po-Jen , Wu Kuan-Wen , Lee Chia-Che , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Kuo Ken N. , Wang Ting-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Aims Guided growth has been used to treat coxa valga for cerebral palsy (CP) children. However, there has been no study on the optimal position of screw application. In this paper we have investigated the influence of screw position on the outcomes of guided growth. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 61 hips in 32 CP children who underwent proximal femoral hemi epiphysiodesis between July 2012 and September 2017. The hips were divided into two groups according to the transphyseal position of the screw in the coronal plane: across medial quarter (Group 1) or middle quarter (Group 2) of the medial half of the physis. We compared pre- and postoperative radiographs in head-shaft angle (HSA), Reimer’s migration percentage (MP), acetabular index (AI), and femoral anteversion angle (FAVA), as well as incidences of the physis growing-off the screw within two years. Linear and Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify factors related to HSA correction and risk of the physis growing-off the screw. Results A total of 37 hips in Group 1 and 24 hips in Group 2 were compared. Group 1 showed a more substantial decrease in the HSA (p = 0.003) and the MP (p = 0.032). Both groups had significant and similar improvements in the AI (p = 0.809) and the FAVA (p = 0.304). Group 1 presented a higher incidence of the physis growing-off the screw (p = 0.038). Results of the regression analysis indicated that the eccentricity of screw position correlated with HSA correction and increases the risk of the physis growing-off the screw. Conclusion Guided growth is effective in improving coxa valga and excessive femoral anteversion in CP children. For younger children, despite compromised efficacy of varus correction, we recommend a more centered screw position, at least across the middle quarter of the medial physis, to avoid early revision. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1242–1247.
Una visió epicúria de la vellesa a "El conte explicat pel mercader" de Geoffrey Chaucer
Authors: Jufresa Montserrat 
Published: August 2020

“El conte explicat pel Mercader”, inclòs a Els contes de Canterbury de Geoffrey Chaucer, relata el casament entre un vell cavaller, Gener, i una núvia jove, Maig. La història acaba feliçment, amb un adulteri de l’esposa acceptat pel marit. El caràcter del vell Gener està descrit amb els atributs d’un practicant de la doctrina epicúria, tal com aquesta era entesa a l’Edat Mitja.
La planificación de decisiones anticipadas como estrategia preventiva de conflictos éticos en urgencias y emergencias durante y después de la COVID-19
Authors: Poveda-Moral Silvia , Bosch-Alcaraz Alejandro , Falcó-Pegueroles Anna 
Published: August 2020

La actual pandemia por la COVID-19 está ocasionado serias amenazas para la salud pública a nivel mundial, especialmente para los grupos de población más vulnerables. Los casos más graves de la enfermedad han sido primeramente atendidos por los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias, los cuales han tenido que tomar decisiones en contextos altamente complejos donde la priorización en la asignación de los recursos sanitarios disponibles les ha generado situaciones éticamente conflictivas. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la importancia de implantar la PDA en los servicios de urgencias y emergencias como herramienta de consulta en la resolución de los problemas éticos surgidos durante la pandemia por COVID-19, concretamente, en la atención al paciente crónico complejo o con enfermedad crónica avanzada.
Multifunctional mid-infrared photonic switch using a MEMS-based tunable waveguide coupler
Authors: Qiao Qifeng , Yazici Mahmut Sami , Dong Bowei , Liu Xinmiao , Lee Chengkuo , Zhou Guangya 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate a multifunctional photonic switch on silicon-on-insulator platform operating at the mid-infrared wavelength range (3.85–4.05 µm) using suspended waveguides with sub-wavelength cladding and a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) tunable waveguide coupler. Leveraging the flip-chip bonding technology, a top wafer acting as the electrode is assembled above the silicon-on-insular wafer to enable the electrostatic actuation. Experimental characterizations for the functions of the proposed device include (1) an optical attenuator with 25 dB depth using DC voltage actuation, (2) a

1

×

2

optical switch with response time of 8.9 µs and

−

3

d
B

bandwidth up to 127 kHz using AC voltage actuation, and (3) an on-chip integrated light chopper with the comparable performance of a commercial rotating disc light chopper.
Bioenergi Pedesaan: Solusi Konflik Sosial Ekologi dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Irawan Dedy , Dharmawan Arya Hadi , Sumarti Titik 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sebuah resolusi konflik antara petani vs industri tahu berupa pengolahan bioenergi limbah tahu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan pengambilan data melalui wawancara mendalam, kuesioner dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik yang terjadi antara kelompok industri tahu vs kelompok petani berupa konflik laten. Pemicu terjadinya konflik disebabkan oleh limbah cair tahu yang mencemari lingkungan dan merusak lahan pertanian. Lahirnya resolusi konflik berupa pengolahan bioenergi memberikan tiga keuntungan; Pertama secara sosial, yaitu meredam konflik antara petani dengan industri tahu. Kedua, keuntungan secara ekologi, yaitu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Ketiga, keuntungan secara ekonomi, yaitu memberikan keuntungan kepada petani dan industri tahu.
Teknik Konservasi Mataair Berdasarkan Karakteristiknya : Studi Kasus Dusun Sumberwatu dan Dusun Dawangsari, Prambanan, di. Yogyakarta
Authors: Gibran Akhmad Khahlil , Kholid Nur Idham 
Published: August 2020

Di Dusun sumberwatu dan Dusun Dawangsari terdapat tiga mataair yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air. Tiga mataair tersebut belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan warga selama musim kemarau. Kulaitas air yang dihasilkan juga belum diuji standar baku mutu air bersih, sehingga dipelukan upaya konservasi untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualiatas agar memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan Teknik konservasi yang tepat berdasarkan karakteristik mataair (tipe, kuantitas, dan kualitas) dan menentukan letak daerah imbuhan. Metode survei, wawancara, dan matematis digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Aspek-aspek yang diolah terdiri atas topografi, kemiringan lereng, kebutuhan air masyarakat, kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biologi air mataair. Dari data aspek-aspek tersebut dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan sehingga mendapatkan teknik konservasi yang tepat. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh mataair tersebut terbentuk oleh adanya tenaga gravitasi, dengan tipe mataair turbuler. Kuantitas (debit) 3 mataair tergolong kelas 7-8 dengan kualitas air pada seluruh sumber air bakteri coliform tinggi. Zona recharge berada pada bagian timur dan bagian barat di lokasi penelitian. Arahan teknik konservasi yang dilakukan secara agronomis pada daerah imbuhan dengan penanaman sistem wanatani, pembuatan saluran resapan dan rorak pada sistem teras gulud. Kemudian sistem mekanis di sempadan mataair yakni alat Chlorine Diffuser untuk mengatasi bakteri coliform, serta teknik bangunan penangkap air dari sumber air.
Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit : Persoalan Sosial, Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Hidup (Studi Kasus Kab. Pelalawan, Riau)
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi , Dharmawan Arya Hadi , Barus Baba 
Published: August 2020

Perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak positif dan negatif pada aspek-aspek lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi komunitas lokal. Melalui pemahaman tentang data kondisi lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi memudahkan pengambil keputusan dalam kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara mendalam (sebutkan jumlah responden, guideline wawancara mendalam sebutkan), penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kerentanan ekonomi, sosial dan ekologi akibat ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara terstruktur dan mendalam. Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kantor desa, instansi pemerintahan terkait, BPS, buku, jurnal, atau data dari internet yang memuat teori atau hasil penelitian yang terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ekspansi kelapa sawit yang terjadi di Desa terantang Manuk melalui pola pola PIR-Trans, KKPA, PKS tanpa kebun, jual beli, hibah, dan swadaya atau mandiri. Dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh ekspansi kelapa sawit yaitu menurunkan kerangaman buah, ikan, sayur, dan hewan buruan serta penurunan kuantitas air tanah terutama pada saat musim kemarau. Dampak ekonomi akibat ekspansi perkebunan sawit yaitu semakin terlihatnya gab ekonomi antara kelas atas, menengah dan bawah. Sedangkan dampak sosial yang ditimbulkan adalah berubahnya norma-norma adat, adanya praktek rent seeking serta munculnya konflik-konflik baru.
Identifikasi dan Perbandingan Kelimpahan Sampah Plastik Berdasarkan Ukuran pada Sedimen di Beberapa Pantai Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur
Authors: Yona Defri , Di Prikah Fadhilah Aisyah , As’adi Muhammad Arif 
Published: August 2020

Produksi dan penggunaan plastik yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun tentunya akan berdampak pada jumlah sampah yang tersebar dan berakhir di laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa pantai yang terdapat di Kabupaten Pasuruan yaitu: Pantai Lekok, Pasir Panjang, Watuprapat dan Kapasan. Pemilihan keempat lokasi tersebut dikarenakan masih minimnya pengelolaan sampah plastik serta tingginya aktivitas masyarakat yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan plastik berdasarkan ukurannya (makroplastik, mesoplastik dan mikroplastik) serta membandingkan kelimpahan sampah plastik di keempat pantai tersebut. Area sampling makroplastik menggunakan transek kuadran 5 x 5 m dan di dalamnya diletakkan transek kuadran 0,5 x 0,5 m untuk sampling mesoplastik dan mikroplastik. Sampel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan mengambil sedimen sedalam 0-3 cm. Tahap identifikasi makro-mesoplastik dilakukan secara insitu sedangkan identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan secara eksitu di laboratorium. Empat jenis sampah plastik ditemukan yaitu film, fiber, fragmen dan styrofoam. Film mendominasi di semua ukuran di keempat pantai yang selanjutnya diikuti oleh fiber, fragmen dan styrofoam. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya penggunaan plastik sekali pakai seperti kantong plastik, bungkus makanan dan juga alat tangkap ikan. Terdapat perbedaan kelimpahan total sampah plastik di setiap pantai untuk setiap ukuran. Kelimpahan sampah plastik di setiap ukurannya ditemukan lebih besar di Pantai Lekok dan Pasir Panjang dibandingkan di Pantai Watuprapat dan Kapasan. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan tingkat aktivitas manusia di keempat pantai sebagai penyumbang pencemaran plastik.
Emisi Karbondioksida (CO2) Lahan Gambut Pasca Kebakaran Tahun 2018 di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Rahsia Shandra Andina , Gusmayanti Evi , Nusantara Rossie Wiedya 
Published: August 2020

Lahan gambut di Kota Pontianak sering mengalami kebakaran yang berulang hampir setiap tahun. Tutupan lahan gambut yang terbakar beragam, mulai dari semak belukar hingga kebun masyrakat seperti akasia, kelapa sawit dan kebun campuran. Selain melepaskan emisi CO2 pada saat kebakaran berlangsung, lahan gambut yang mengalami perubahan fisik dan kimia akibat kebaarakan dapat mempengaruhi jumlah emisi CO2 yang dilepaskan ke atmosfer pasca terjadinya kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur jumlah emisi CO2 pada lahan gambut yang terbakar pada pertengahan tahun 2018 di Kota Pontianak serta menganalisis korelasinya dengan beberapa faktor lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei- Juli 2019 di Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat pada lahan gambut pasca kebakaran dengan vegetasi awal berupa tanaman akasia dan vegetasi saat dilakukan penelitian berupa semak belukar. Pengukuran Emisi CO2 menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup dengan alat ukur portable EGM 4 (Infra Red Gas Analyzer). Selain itu dilakukan pula pengambilan sampel tanah untuk menganalisis beberapa karakteristik fisik (bobot isi, kadar air gravimetrik, muka air tanah) dan kimia gambut ( kandungan bahan organik, kadar abu, kadar C Organik, pH dan Eh tanah) serta pengukuran variabel lingkungan (suhu udara dan suhu tanah). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai fluks CO2 pada selama periode pengukuran berkisar dari 183 – 595 ton CO2 dengan rerata sebesar 416,07 t CO2 ± 92,99 . Emisi CO2 ini berkorelasi tidak nyata dengan variabel lingkungan. Selain mengindikasikan kompleksitas proses dekomposisi gambut sebagai penghasil emisi CO2 di lahan pasca kebakaran yang tidak dapat dikaitkan dengan variabel lingkungan tertentu, hal ini menunjukkan perlunya melakukan pengukuran dalam jangka waktu yang lebih panjang agar pola emisi dapat terlihat.
Mechanical properties and application analysis of spider silk bionic material
Authors: Gu Yunqing , Yu Lingzhi , Mou Jiegang , Wu Denghao , Zhou Peijian , Xu Maosen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Spider silk is a kind of natural biomaterial with superior performance. Its mechanical properties and biocompatibility are incomparable with those of other natural and artificial materials. This article first summarizes the structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk. It shows the great research value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. Then, the development status of spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical properties and application. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures. The principles and characteristics of new materials and their potential applications in the future are described. In addition, from the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk biomimetic materials in the fields of medicine, textiles, and sensors is reviewed, and the inspiration, feasibility, and performance of finished products are briefly introduced and analyzed. Finally, the research directions and future development trends of spider silk biomimetic materials are prospected.
Research on the Relationship Between Venture Capitalists’ Trust in the Entrepreneur and Their Investment Behaviors
Authors: Li Sulei , Yang Hongtao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Venture capitalists’ trust in entrepreneurs and their investment behaviors does not interact directly; Trust is a psychological state rather than static and stable phenomena. The relationship is affected by multiple factors. This study aims to develop a better understanding of the complex relationship and to show the degree of influence among factors, and to reveal “The Bewilderment of Decision-making” of VC. Based on SEM, this paper analyzes the relationship between the factors: the influencing factors at the initial stage of trust, trust, investor risk appetite, entrepreneurs’ behaviors, capitalists’ decision-making Behaviors, capitalists’ post-investment Behaviors. Our qualitative analysis is based on data by issuing 323 questionnaire surveys of 104 Chinese venture capital firms which are divided into different regions by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). By analyzing various behaviors, we find that entrepreneurs’ behavior is a key factor in this relationship. Several factors studied earlier have a positive impact on the capitalist’s pre-investment decision-making behavior, but no significant impact on post-investment behavior. These results include trust and investor risk appetite. Through interviews, it was found that the capitalist’s post-investment behavior was related to the capitalist’s ability, resources, management mechanism and other factors.
Material advancement in technological development for the 5G wireless communications
Authors: Hao Huali , Hui David , Lau Denvid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of mobile devices, voluminous data, and higher data rate is pushing the development of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications. The 5G networks are broadly characterized by three unique features: ubiquitous connectivity, extremely low latency, and very high-speed data transfer via adoption of new technology to equip future millimeter band wireless communication systems at nanoscale and massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) with extreme base station and device densities, as well as unprecedented numbers of nanoantennas. In this article, these new technologies of 5G are presented so as to figure out the advanced requirements proposed for the nanomaterials applied to antennas in particular. Because of massive MIMO and ultra-densification technology, conventional antennas are unable to serve the new frequency for smaller sizes, and the nanoantennas are used in 5G. The nanomaterials for nanoantennas applied in wideband millimeter waves are introduced. Four types of nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanomaterials, and metamaterials are illustrated with a focus on their morphology and electromagnetic properties. The challenges for the commercialization of 5G and nanomaterials are also discussed. An atomistic modeling approach is proposed for the development of novel nanomaterials applied in 5G and beyond.
Effect of interphase parameters on elastic modulus prediction for cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite
Authors: Lim Joong Yeon , Kim Han-Wool , Park Min-Wook 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effective elastic modulus (Ec
) of a cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite was evaluated using the Mori-Tanaka and finite element (FE) model. The FE model was generated using a representative volume element with a periodic boundary condition. The mass fractions of the fiber in the composites (MFf
) were set to 1, 2, and 3 wt.%. Elastic modulus values for interphase were input and were either uniform or exhibited a gradient. The E c
for the uniform interphase region increased significantly with MFf
, but was relatively low for interphase regions exhibiting a gradient. The results show that interphase parameters must be considered carefully when predicting Ec
using the FE model.