bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Data in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: An In-depth Comparison of National Outcomes Databases
Authors: Lu Yining , Khazi Zain M. , Patel Bhavik H. , Agarwalla Avinesh , Cancienne Jourdan , Werner Brian C. , Forsythe Brian 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
The practice of identifying trends in surgical decision-making through large-scale patient databases is commonplace. We hypothesize that notable differences exist between claims-based and prospectively collected clinical registries.

Methods:
We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), a prospective surgical outcomes database, and PearlDiver (PD), a claims-based private insurance database, for patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasties from 2007 to 2016. Comorbidities and 30-day complications were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each cohort to identify notable contributors to 30-day revision surgery.

Results:
Significant differences were observed in demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications for the age-matched groups between PD and NSQIP (P < 0.05 for all). Multiple regression analysis in PD identified morbid obesity and dyspnea to lead to an increased risk for revision surgery (P = 0.001) in the <65 cohort and dyspnea and diabetes to lead to an increased risk for revision surgery in the ≥65 cohort (P = 0.015, P < 0.001). Multiple regression did not reveal any risk factors for revision surgery in the <65 age group for the NSQIP; however, congestive heart failure was found to have an increased risk for revision surgery in the ≥65 cohort (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Notable differences in comorbidities and complications for patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty were present between PD and NSQIP.

Level of Evidence:
Retrospective cohort study, level III
No evidence of other‐race effect for Chinese faces in Malaysian non‐Chinese population
Authors: Estudillo Alejandro J. , Lee Jasmine Kar Wye , Mennie Neil , Burns Edwin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe other‐race effect (ORE) reflects poor recognition of faces of a different race to one's own. According to the expertise‐individuation hypothesis, this phenomenon is a consequence of limited experience with other‐race faces. Thus, similar experience with own and other‐race faces should abolish the ORE. This study explores the ORE in a multi‐racial country (i.e., Malaysia) by comparing Malaysian observers' face recognition for faces of a predominant racial group in Malaysia (i.e., Chinese) with faces from an uncommon group (i.e., Caucasian). Malaysian Chinese, Malays, and Malaysian Indians completed the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the CFMT‐Chinese. Compared with the normative scores, Malaysian observers showed poor performance in the CFMT‐Caucasian. Interestingly, Malays and Malaysian Indians observers' performance was identical to that of Malaysian Chinese in the CFMT‐Chinese and to the normative scores of the test. These results demonstrate the relevance of experience in shaping the ORE.
Putting a negative spin on it: Using a fidget spinner can impair memory for a video lecture
Authors: Soares Julia S. , Storm Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFidget spinners have experienced a rapid rise in popularity, at least partially because they are marketed as attentional aides with the potential to enhance student learning. In the current study, college‐aged students watched educational videos while either using a fidget spinner or not. Using a fidget spinner was associated with increased reports of attentional lapses, diminished judgments of learning, and impaired performance on a memory test for the material covered in the video. The adverse effect on learning was observed regardless of whether the use of fidget spinners was manipulated between‐subjects (Experiment 1) or within‐subjects (Experiment 2), and was observed even when the sample and analysis were limited to participants who came into the study with neutral or positive views on the use of fidget spinners. These results suggest that if fidget spinners are beneficial for learning, such benefits are relatively limited or at least do not extend to the conditions present in the current study.
Comparison of Biologic Discontinuation in Patients With Elderly‐Onset Versus Younger‐Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Richter Michael D. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Achenbach Sara J. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare biologic drug discontinuation rates for older‐ versus younger‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA) because this is a key outcome measure that could impact prescribing practices.MethodsWe performed a retrospective medical record review of all patients who fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for adult‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 1999‐2013 among residents of a geographically defined area, with follow‐up until death, migration, or July 1, 2017. Discontinuation rates were estimated using cumulative incidence adjusted for the competing risk of death.ResultsA total of 240 cases of elderly‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and 366 cases of YORA were identified (65% and 73% female, respectively; P = 0.025). Cumulative incidence of biologic initiation was lower among the EORA cohort compared with the YORA cohort (18% vs 33%, respectively, at 10 years after RA incidence; P < 0.001). Among those treated with a biologic, years from RA diagnosis to first biologic treatment was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.62). Drug survival of first biologic was 64% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%‐77%) and 53% at 2 years (95% CI: 33%‐66%) for EORA, compared with 61% at 1 year (95% CI: 50%‐69%) and 45% at 2 years (95% CI: 34%‐53%) for YORA (P = 0.75). Concurrent glucocorticoid use at initiation of first biologic was statistically and significantly associated with a lower risk of discontinuation in EORA (hazard ratio 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08‐0.53) but not in YORA (interaction P = 0.04).ConclusionDrug survival rates of biologic medications did not differ significantly between patients with EORA and YORA.
Coenzyme A‐Conjugated Cinnamic Acids – Enzymatic Synthesis of a CoA‐Ester Library and Application in Biocatalytic Cascades to Vanillin Derivatives
Authors: Dippe Martin , Bauer Anne‐Katrin , Porzel Andrea , Funke Evelyn , Müller Anna O. , Schmidt Jürgen , Beier Maria , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a bioorthogonal method for the ligation of coenzyme A (CoA) with cinnamic acids. The reaction, which is the initial step in the biosynthesis of a multitude of bioactive secondary metabolites, is catalyzed by a promiscuous plant ligase and yields CoA conjugates with different functionalization in high purity and without formation of by‐products. Its applicability in biosynthetic cascades is shown for the direct transformation of cinnamic acids into natural benzaldehydes (like vanillin) or artificial derivatives (e. g. ethylvanillin).magnified image
Thermally Durable Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density from All Hydroxyapatite Nanowire‐Enabled Fire‐Resistant Electrodes and Separators
Authors: Li Heng , Guo Songtao , Wang Libin , Wu Jin , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Hu Xianluo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reliability and durability of lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are severely hindered by the kinetic imbalance between capacitive and Faradaic electrodes. Efficient charge storage in LICs is still a huge challenge, particularly for thick electrodes with high mass loading, fast charge delivery, and harsh working conditions. Here, a unique thermally durable, stable LIC with high energy density from all‐inorganic hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAP NW)‐enabled electrodes and separators is reported. Namely, the LIC device is designed and constructed with the electron/ion dual highly conductive and fire‐resistant composite Li4Ti5O12‐based anode and activated carbon‐based cathode, together with a thermal‐tolerant HAP NW separator. Despite the thick‐electrode configuration, the as‐fabricated all HAP NW‐enabled LIC exhibits much enhanced electrochemical kinetics and performance, especially at high current rates and temperatures. Long cycling lifetime and state‐of‐the‐art areal energy density (1.58 mWh cm−2) at a high mass loading of 30 mg cm−2 are achieved. Benefiting from the excellent fire resistance of HAP NWs, such an unusual LIC exhibits high thermal durability and can work over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to 150 °C. Taking full advantage of synergistic configuration design, this work sets the stage for designing advanced LICs beyond the research of active materials.
Crystalline Ni(OH)2/Amorphous NiMoOx Mixed‐Catalyst with Pt‐Like Performance for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dong Zihao , Lin Fei , Yao Yihang , Jiao Lifang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe achievement of effective alkaline hydrogen production from water electrolysis is an active field of research. Herein, an integrated electrode composed of crystalline Ni(OH)2 and amorphous NiMoOx is fabricated onto nickel foam (denoted as Ni(OH)2–NiMoOx/NF). The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics are optimized along with phase transformation process during soaking operation. An overpotential of 36 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 along with the low Tafel slope of 38 mV dec−1 reveals the catalyst's excellent HER performance and a Heyrovsky‐step‐controlled HER mechanism. When assembled into a urea‐assisted water electrolyzer, a voltage of 1.42 V can reach 10 mA cm−2. Further experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results illustrate the synergy effect between crystalline and amorphous areas and the optimized water dissociation step. Crystalline Ni(OH)2 serves as the scissor for water dissociation in an alkali environment to produce H*, while the amorphous NiMoOx layer serves as the location for H* adsorption and H2 desorption.
The Xavante Longitudinal Health Study in Brazil: Objectives, design, and key results
Authors: Welch James R. , Ferreira Aline A. , Tavares Felipe G. , Lucena J. Rodolfo M. , Gomes de Oliveira Maurício V. , Santos Ricardo V. , Coimbra Carlos E. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Xavante Longitudinal Health Study was developed to permit granular tracking of contemporary health challenges faced by indigenous communities in Brazil, taking into consideration ongoing historical processes that may be associated with increases in child undernutrition, adult obesity, and cardiovascular disease risks.MethodsThis was an open‐cohort study with six semiannual data collection waves from 2009 to 2012. The study was undertaken in two Xavante villages, Pimentel Barbosa and Etênhiritipá, State of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. No sampling technique was used. Data collection placed emphasis on growth and nutrition of children under five and nutrition status, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels of adolescents and adults.ResultsBaseline data collection began in July/August 2009 with a population census (656 individuals). Between the first and final waves, the study population increased by 17%. At baseline, stunting and wasting was elevated for most age groups <10 years. Overweight, obesity, and increased risk of metabolic complications were expressive among individuals >17 years, disproportionately affecting females. Anemia was elevated in most age groups, especially among females. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was moderate. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was relatively low.ConclusionsOur findings reveal marked health disparities relative to the Brazilian national population and a complex dietary health epidemiology involving the double burden of malnutrition, rapidly changing nutritional indicators, and elevated metabolic disease risk. The topically broad multidisciplinary focus permitted construction of the richest longitudinal data set of socio‐epidemiological information for an indigenous population in Brazil.
The evolutionary adaptation of body art: Tattooing as costly honest signaling of enhanced immune response in American Samoa
Authors: Lynn Christopher D. , Howells Michaela , Herdrich David , Ioane Joseph , Hudson Duffy , Fitiao Su'a Tupuola U. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTattooing has been practiced globally for thousands of years. From an evolutionary perspective, this tradition seems counterintuitive because it is a dermal injury that risks infection. Previous research indicates tattooing may habituate the immune system for subsequent stress, as with exercise or vaccination, an important benefit in high‐risk areas. Visible injuries through tattooing may be a form of costly honest signaling—consciously or unconsciously drawing attention to immunological quality.ObjectivesWe tested this habituation effect of tattooing in American Samoa, where its practice is common and extensive and infectious disease rates high. We hypothesized that people with more tattoo experience would have enhanced immune response related to the stress of being tattooed. We compared total and rate of tattoo experience to determine if tattooing is more analogous to exercise or vaccination.MethodsWe measured secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cortisol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and tattoo experience in 25 adults receiving tattoos. We compared post‐tattoo SIgA to total and rate of tattoo experience using analyses of covariance, controlling for pre‐tattoo SIgA, tattoo duration, age, marital status, and stress and baseline health (cortisol, CRP, body mass index, and cigarette use).ResultsPost‐tattoo SIgA positively correlated with total tattoo experience (P < .05). Furthermore, when dichotomized by experience, participants with low tattoo experience showed little to no stress‐related immune change, whereas high‐experience participants exhibited elevated SIgA, suggesting habituation to repeated tattooing.ConclusionsThe historical and cultural popularity of tattooing may be partly due to honest information tattoos convey about adaptive biology, similar to physical benefits of exercise.
Allometric models of adult regional body lengths and circumferences to height: Insights from a three‐dimensional body image scanner
Authors: Watts Krista , Hwaung Phoenix , Grymes James , Cottam Samuel H. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Thomas Diana M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesRecent reports on body regional mass scalings to height have advanced understanding differences in adult heights. These studies resulted in conjectures on how regional lengths and circumferences may scale to height. We provide evidence for these conjectures by analyzing a large sample of regional limb, trunk, chest, and head lengths and circumferences in a large sample of US Army basic training recruits.MethodsParticipants consisted of 10 271 males and 2760 females ages 17 to 21 years old who reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. Participants were imaged by a three‐dimensional (3D) body scanner for uniform sizing which yielded 159 body measurements of total mass, lengths and circumferences at regional sites of arms, legs, trunk, chest, and head. The allometric model, was applied to derive scaling exponents which were applied to estimate regional mass scalings.ResultsBody mass scaled to height with powers of ∼2.0 (mean β ± SE, 1.98 ± 0.04, 1.93 ± 0.06). Arm and leg lengths scaled to exponents larger than 1.0 and head height and circumferences at regional sites scaled to exponents smaller than 1.0. The leg, arm, and trunk mass scaling exponents were all above 2.0. Head mass scaled to powers smaller than 2.0.ConclusionsThe 3D scanner allowed hundreds of anthropometric measurements to be obtained within seconds. The ensuing analysis revealed that greater height yielded disproportional increases in limb lengths, limb mass and trunk mass. These analyses provide evidence that could not be previously measured that further both biomechanical and metabolic conjectures.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Stereodivergent Synthesis of E‐ and Z‐Configured 1,4‐Dienes by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Song Fan , Wang Fang , Guo Lei , Feng Xiaoliang , Zhang Yanyan , Chu Lingling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA stereodivergent reductive coupling reaction between allylic carbonates and vinyl triflates to furnish both E‐ and Z‐configured 1,4‐dienes has been achieved by visible‐light‐induced photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. The mild reaction conditions allow good compatibility of both vinyl triflates and allylic carbonates. Notably, the stereoselectivity of this synergistic cross‐electrophile coupling can be tuned by an appropriate photocatalyst with a suitable triplet‐state energy, providing a practical and stereodivergent means to alkene synthesis. Preliminary mechanistic studies shed some light on the coupling step as well as the control of the stereoselectivity step.
Engineering the Atomic Interface with Single Platinum Atoms for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Yuanjun , Ji Shufang , Sun Wenming , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Qichen , Li Ang , Chen Wenxing , Zhou Gang , Zhang Zedong , Wang Yu , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Han Xiaodong , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is highly desirable but challenging to optimize the structure of photocatalysts at the atomic scale to facilitate the separation of electron–hole pairs for enhanced performance. Now, a highly efficient photocatalyst is formed by assembling single Pt atoms on a defective TiO2 support (Pt1/def‐TiO2). Apart from being proton reduction sites, single Pt atoms promote the neighboring TiO2 units to generate surface oxygen vacancies and form a Pt‐O‐Ti3+ atomic interface. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Pt‐O‐Ti3+ atomic interface effectively facilitates photogenerated electrons to transfer from Ti3+ defective sites to single Pt atoms, thereby enhancing the separation of electron–hole pairs. This unique structure makes Pt1/def‐TiO2 exhibit a record‐level photocatalytic hydrogen production performance with an unexpectedly high turnover frequency of 51423 h−1, exceeding the Pt nanoparticle supported TiO2 catalyst by a factor of 591.
Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aromatic N‐Nucleophilic Addition of Heteroarenes to Ketones
Authors: Liu Yonggui , Luo Guoyong , Yang Xing , Jiang Shichun , Xue Wei , Chi Yonggui Robin , Jin Zhichao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aromatic nitrogen atoms of heteroarylaldehydes are activated by carbene catalysts to react with ketone electrophiles. Multi‐functionalized cyclic N,O‐acetal products are afforded in good to excellent yields and optical purities. Our reaction involves the formation of an unprecedented aza‐fulvene‐type acylazolium intermediate. A broad range of N‐heteroaromatic aldehydes and electron‐deficient ketone substrates works effectively in this transformation. Several of the chiral N,O‐acetal products afforded through this protocol exhibit excellent antibacterial activities againstRalstonia solanacearum(Rs) and are valuable in the development of novel agrichemicals for plant protection.
Exploiting Mechanistic Solvation Kinetics for Dual‐Graphite Batteries with High Power Output at Extremely Low Temperature
Authors: Holoubek John , Yin Yijie , Li Mingqian , Yu Mingyu , Meng Ying Shirley , Liu Ping , Chen Zheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImproving the extremely low temperature operation of rechargeable batteries is vital to the operation of electronics in extreme environments, where systems capable of high‐rate discharge are in short supply. Herein, we demonstrate the holistic design of dual‐graphite batteries, which circumvent the sluggish ion‐desolvation process found in typical lithium‐ion batteries during discharge. These batteries were enabled by a novel electrolyte, which simultaneously provides high electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity at low temperature. The dual‐graphite cells, when compared to industry‐type graphite ∥ LiCoO2 full‐cells demonstrated an 11 times increased capacity retention at −60 °C for a 10 C discharge rate, indicative of the superior kinetics of the “dual‐ion” storage mechanism. These trends are further supported by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at reduced temperature. This work provides a new design strategy for extreme low‐temperature batteries.
Cost‐Effective Biomass Carbon/Calix[4]Quinone Composites for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Zhang Meng , Cui Huamin , Yan Bing , Liu Yang , Zhang Qichun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSearching for new cheap encapsulating materials to decrease the solubility of organic small molecules as the cathode materials in electrolytes and improve the performance of organic lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is very important and highly desirable. In this research, we found that a novel cheap biomass carbon (named as PPL), prepared by pyrolyzing calyxes of Physalis Peruviana L, can efficiently encapsulate calix[4]quinone to form composites, which can be used as cathodes in LIBs. The initial discharge capacity of the as‐fabricated battery was 437 mAh g−1 and could maintain 228 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Even at 1 C, the discharge capacity was still 217 mAh g−1.
Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner
Authors: Avni Inbar , Meiri Gal , Bar‐Sinai Asif , Reboh Doron , Manelis Liora , Flusser Hagit , Michaelovski Analya , Menashe Idan , Dinstein Ilan 
Published: October 2019

Previous eye‐tracking studies have reported that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fixate less on faces in comparison to controls. To properly understand social interactions, however, children must gaze not only at faces but also at actions, gestures, body movements, contextual details, and objects, thereby creating specific gaze patterns when observing specific social interactions. We presented three different movies with social interactions to 111 children (71 with ASD) who watched each of the movies twice. Typically developing children viewed the movies in a remarkably predictable and reproducible manner, exhibiting gaze patterns that were similar to the mean gaze pattern of other controls, with strong correlations across individuals (intersubject correlations) and across movie presentations (intra‐subject correlations). In contrast, children with ASD exhibited significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differed from the mean gaze pattern of controls and were weakly correlated across individuals and presentations. Most importantly, quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children enabled separation of ASD and control children with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional measures such as time gazing at faces. Individual magnitudes of gaze idiosyncrasy were also significantly correlated with ASD severity and cognitive scores and were significantly correlated across movies and movie presentations, demonstrating clinical sensitivity and reliability. These results suggest that gaze idiosyncrasy is a potent behavioral abnormality that characterizes a considerable number of children with ASD and may contribute to their impaired development. Quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children may aid in assessing symptom severity and their change in response to treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 935‐946. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryTypically, developing children watch movies of social interactions in a reliable and predictable manner, attending faces, gestures, actions, body movements, and objects that are relevant to the social interaction and its narrative. Here, we demonstrate that children with ASD watch such movies with significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differ across individuals and across movie presentations. We demonstrate that quantifying this gaze variability may aid in identifying children with ASD and in determining the severity of their symptoms.