bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft
Authors: Zhang Zedan , Tang Yanlin , Zhuang Hongkai , Lin Enyu , Xie Lu , Feng Xiaoqiang , Zeng Jiayi , Liu Yanjun , Liu Jiumin , Yu Yuming 
Published: November 2020

Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplant is one of the major obstacles to obtain ideal graft survival. Reliable molecular biomarkers for AR and renal allograft loss are lacking. This study was performed to identify novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) for diagnosing AR and predicting the risk of graft loss. The several microarray datasets with AR and nonrejection specimens of renal allograft downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify optimal prognosis-related DElncRNAs for constructing a risk score model. 39 common DElncRNAs and 185 common DEmRNAs were identified to construct a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory relationship network. DElncRNAs were revealed to regulate immune cell activation and proliferation. Then, 4 optimal DElncRNAs, ATP1A1-AS1, CTD-3080P12.3, EMX2OS, and LINC00645, were selected from 17 prognostic DElncRNAs to establish the 4-lncRNA risk score model. In the training set, the high-risk patients were more inclined to graft loss than the low-risk patients. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed the model had good sensitivity and specificity in prediction of 1-, 2-, and 3-year graft survival after biopsy (

AUC
=
0.891
,
0.836
,
and

0.733

, respectively). The internal testing set verified the result well. Gene set enrichment analysis which expounded NOD-like receptor, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and other else playing important role in immune response was enriched by the 4 lncRNAs. Allograft-infiltrating immune cells analysis elucidated the expression of 4 lncRNAs correlated with gamma delta T cells and eosinophils, etc. Our study identified 4 novel lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for AR of renal allograft and constructed a lncRNA-based model for predicting the risk of graft loss, which would provide new insights into mechanisms of AR.
Animal Welfare Promotion as a Mechanism of Moral Certification: Microhistorical Evidence From 19th Century Switzerland
Authors: Legentilhomme Geoffroy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How do nonhuman animal welfare campaigns influence the institutional use of nonhuman animals? This article narrates an episode of nineteenth century history of Geneva, pertaining to the use of nonhuman animals in science, to argue that welfare advocacy is a risky, and indeed sometimes counterproductive, endeavor. In the late nineteenth century, the mainstream Genevan animal welfare group (SGPA) refused to condemn vivisection, and decided to side with Moritz Schiff, a controversial physiologist, provided that he later accepted respecting certain welfare standards in his experiments. The SGPA defended Schiff against the charges of the Genevan abolitionists, and thus provided a metaphorical certificate of “humane treatment” to the vivisector. Behind this moral shield, the laboratory could expand its practices, undisturbed by the need to legitimize them. This episode illustrates the phenomenon of “capture” of the welfarist group by the institutions from which animals are supposed to be protected in the first place.
Schizophrenia in the World: Arguments for a Contextual Phenomenology of Psychopathology
Authors: Pienkos Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, phenomenological theories of schizophrenia have emphasized disturbances in self-experience, with relatively little acknowledgement of the surrounding world. However, epidemiological research consistently demonstrates a strong relationship between traumatic and stressful life events and the development of schizophrenia, suggesting that encounters in the world are highly relevant for many people diagnosed with this disorder. This paper reviews foundational texts in phenomenology and phenomenological psychopathology on the nature of subjectivity and its disturbances, finding support for broadening contemporary phenomenological models of schizophrenia to incorporate world events and their subjective meaning as essential aspects of this disorder. This contextual approach to phenomenology emphasizes the relationship between self and world, one that is especially unstable, unclear, and untrustworthy in schizophrenia. Both epidemiological and phenomenological research can benefit from this approach: in epidemiology, researchers might consider the ways that various risk factors are experienced by persons vulnerable to schizophrenia, while phenomenologists are encouraged to inquire about the environmental and social context in which altered experiences occur and incorporate these considerations into their explanatory models.
At the Borders of Identity: Reflections on Egyptian Protestant Public Theology in the Wake of the Arab Spring
Authors: Hernandez Rebecca Skreslet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A common narrative characterizes Egyptian Christians as a people beset by persecution, struggling to survive in a hostile Muslim context. Other narratives seek to smooth over the differences between Christian and Muslim Egyptians to emphasize national unity and shared citizenship. The revolutionary upheavals starting in 2011 brought questions of subjectivity and agency in shaping Egypt’s future to the forefront of public debate. In spite of continued limitations to free speech and political participation, Egyptian Christians are engaging creatively in prophetic discourse and community-building praxis, contributing to the construction of a revitalized theology of public life. Protestant theologians Andrea Zaki, Safwat Marzouk, and Anne Zaki, for example, draw on the resources of the biblical tradition to think critically about their own subjectivity as Egyptian Christians and about the complex challenges and the hopeful promise facing these communities as they seek effective ways to participate in public life.
Christian Agency and Lutheran Personal Status Laws in Palestine
Authors: Raheb Tala 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In describing Christianity in the Middle East, scholars often highlight religious oppression, especially in relation to the larger Islamic context. Such contentious descriptions often cast Christians in the role of dhimmis, who are tolerated but not regarded as equal members of Muslim societies. Only in recent years some scholars have begun to modify their depictions of Christians and Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle East. While Christians in the Middle East have experienced and in certain regions continue to experience persecution, solely portraying them as victims does not do justice to the reality on the ground. By means of a case study on Palestine, I argue that an examination of the interaction between sharia (Islamic law) and Christian personal status laws sheds a different light on Christian identity and Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle East, and demonstrates the agency of Palestinian Christian communities in this respect.
Analysis for Peace The Evolving Data Tools of UN and OSCE Field Operations
Authors: Dorn A. Walter , Giardullo Cono 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Both the United Nations and the osce are working to improve their peace operations technologically. While the emphasis is more often placed on new collection tools (e.g., satellite imagery, uavs, night-vision tools, etc.), the challenge remains to exploit the imagery and the copious other data that has been collected. By examining the software and evolving methods used by UN operations and the osce Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, we evaluate two often neglected steps of the information/intelligence cycle: analysis and dissemination. Lessons are drawn from both UN and osce experience in war-torn locations. Both organizations still need to establish strong and effective data-analysis and -sharing systems within their missions, and to find better ways to share information with the conflicting parties, and with humanitarian partners.
Stabreimende Wortpaare im Minnesang (neben Hartmann, Walther und Wolfram)
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Building on studies on alliterating word-pairs in Old and Early Middle High German (including early Minnesang poets, Gotfried von Straßburg, Hartmann von Aue, Walther von der Vogelweide und Wolfram von Eschenbach), this study collects and analyses the remaining Minnesang poets of the Classic Period (Des Minnesangs Frühling), tracing the use of extant and the emergence of new alliterating word-pairs while establishing their literary rhetorical context. Thus, the early history of the German alliterating word-pairs is extended within the Middle High German era.
The Ordering of the Futhark
Authors: Straubhaar Sandra , Simms Douglas , Brown Collin , Pierce Marc 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the ordering of the runic alphabet. It is well-known that the runic alphabet goes f-u-th-a-r-k, and that this ordering differs sharply from that of all of the contemporary alphabets. This is particularly surprising, as it is difficult to understand why the inventor(s) of the runic alphabet would alter the ordering of the possible source alphabet(s) so dramatically. In this article, we evaluate some of the main theories proposed to account for this ordering, and then present our own solution, which holds that this ordering is primarily a pedagogical device. We argue that the furthark employs three types of pedagogical tricks: (1) futhark is easily pronounceable as a quasi-word, whereas the other sequences (a-b-c-d-e-f-g, alpha-beta-gamma-delta-epsilon, etc.) are not; (2) each rune in the futhark is associated with a noun in which it is found, which aids memorization; and (3) the order of the rune-associated nouns has been divided into three thematic groups (ættir), each headed by a god or a dreaded force of nature, and within each ætt, the meanings of the rune-names fall into thematic divisions, again making the futhark as a whole easier to memorize.
A Lost Lesson in Keith Lehrer’s Reply to the Consequence Argument
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, the author examines Keith Lehrer’s response to the Consequence Argument. He argues that his response has advantages over David Lewis’s. Contrary to what Lewis suggests in a footnote, Lehrer’s assessment of an ability to affect the laws of nature in deterministic settings is largely the same as Lewis’s. However, Lehrer’s position has an advantage that Lewis’s lacks. Lehrer integrates his proposal within a positive account of freedom, and this helps to explain how it could be that an agent is able to do otherwise in deterministic settings in such a way that if she did, some law of nature would be different.
Free Will and Responsibility
Authors: Angelo Corlett J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Professor Keith Lehrer has recently argued for what this author shall refer to as his “preference compatibilism,” according to which, among other things, knowledge of S’s preferences is what a counterfactual intervener uses to decide when S will depart from the counterfactual intervener’s plan. Lehrer assumes, among other things, Harry G. Frankfurt’s notion of “effective wants,” which are what Lehrer calls “preferences that reveal themselves in choice given the opportunity to act” (Lehrer 2016, 36). While the author here generally concurs with Lehrer’s preference compatibilism, he shall make some suggestions with the intention of increasing its plausibility even further, especially with regard to its conception of free will when it is considered in light of certain matters of philosophy of law in particular and the ethics of responsibility (moral responsibility) more generally.
Ultimate Preference and Explanation
Authors: Lehrer Keith 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The articles by Corlett, McKenna and Waller in the present issue call for some further enlightenment on Lehrer’s defense of classical compatibilism. Ultimate explanation in terms of a power preference, which is the primary explanation for choice, is now the central feature of his defense. This includes the premise that scientific determinism may fail to explain our choices. Sylvain Bromberger (1965) showed that nomological deduction is not sufficient for explanation. A power preference, which is by definition a preference over alternatives, is the primary explanation when the power preference explains the choice without the need to appeal to anything else, including even anything that explains it. The author notes that explanation is not generally transitive. The power preference must stand alone as an ultimate explanation independent of other explanations. It is thus the ultimate preference over alternatives of choice.
Ontological Categories and the Transversality Requirement
Authors: Imaguire Guido 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Which categories of entities qualify as ontological categories? Which combinations of categories qualify as adequate systems of ontological categories? These are the two questions the author focuses on in this article. Contrary to the usual praxis in contemporary ontological literature, he addresses both questions conjointly. First, the author presents some problems of characterizing ontological categories in purely extensional terms, i.e. as widely inclusive natural classes. Second, he introduces the transversality requirement: ontological categories should be individually and naturally domain-transversal, i.e. ontological categories must be neutral concerning different scientific disciplines like physics, biology and mathematics. As a result, ontological categories must have instances in any domain of reality. Finally, the author checks the adequacy of some systems of ontological categories according to this criterion and meets some possible objections.
Carlgren’s hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900
Authors: Yap Nicholas Wei Liang , Quek Zheng Bin Randolph , Tan Ria , Nugroho Dharma Arif , Lee Jen Nie , Lee Berumen Michael , Tan Koh Siang , Huang Danwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Species boundaries delineating tropical sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of the zooxanthellate genus, Heteranthus Klunzinger, 1877, are unclear. There are currently two valid Heteranthus species: type species Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877, first reported from Koseir, Egypt, and H. insignis Carlgren, 1943, from Poulo Condore, Vietnam. In describing the latter from a single, poorly preserved specimen, zoologist Oskar Carlgren expressed apprehension with traits he had used to establish this species. Carlgren’s doubts persisted later in writing when he found a similar-looking sea anemone from the Great Barrier Reef. Crucial details to positively identify either species have since remained limited. Here, we re-diagnosed Heteranthus and re-described its type species based on observations of specimens we have obtained from Singapore and Pulau Ambon (Indonesia), and of museum material collected elsewhere across the Indo-West Pacific region (n > 180). Supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence, the family Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900 was reinstated and re-diagnosed. Heteranthus verruculatus is encountered in the lower intertidal region amongst seagrass, in rocky crevices, or coral rubble. It occurs as solitary individuals or in clonal clusters, well-camouflaged against the substratum. Individuals were observed to frequently propagate by longitudinal fission, resulting in a varied appearance. Type material of H. verruculatus and H. insignis were re-examined and as we found no differences between them, the two were synonymised. We inferred that Carlgren probably misinterpreted cnidae and histological data in defining H. insignis as a distinct species. This revision clarifies the taxonomy and geographic range of H. verruculatus, an Indo-West Pacific species that is found from the Red Sea to subtropical Australia and Hawaii.
Gender difference in body mass index in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea: A sub-analysis of a cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Saito Takashi , Matsui Nobuko , Izawa Kazuhiro P 
Published: November 2020

 Globally, more women are likely to be obese than men, and the need for a gender-specific strategy concerning related health issues is important. Our study aimed to clarify gender difference related to obesity in Papua New Guinea by a sub-analysis of our previous questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. We used demographic and anthropometric data (body mass index) from a convenient sample of 558 community-dwelling healthy people (mean age 34.8 14.0 years, 48.2% women). To clarify gender differences, we conducted an unpaired t-test and Chi-square test between males and females. Obesity was twice as common in females than males (20.5% vs. 10.4%) and over half of the women had abnormal body mass index (51.3% vs. 39.1%) compared to their male counterparts.
Use of Critical Items in Determining Point-of-Care Ultrasound Competence
Authors: Desy Janeve , Noble Vicki E. , Woo Michael Y. , Walsh Michael , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Ma Irene W. Y. 
Published: November 2020

We previously developed a workplace-based tool for assessing point of care ultrasound (POCUS) skills and used a modified Delphi technique to identify critical items (those that learners must successfully complete to be considered competent). We performed a standard setting procedure to determine cut scores for the full tool and a focused critical item tool. This study compared ratings by 24 experts on the two checklists versus a global entrustability rating. All experts assessed three videos showing an actor performing a POCUS exam on a patient. The performances were designed to show a range of competences and one included potentially critical errors. Interrater reliability for the critical item tool was higher than for the full tool (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.99] vs. 0.78 [95% CI 0.25–0.99]). Agreement with global ratings of competence was higher for the critical item tool (κ = 0.71 [95% CI 0.55–0.88] vs 0.48 [95% CI 0.30–0.67]). Although sensitivity was higher for the full tool (85.4% [95% CI 72.2–93.9%] vs. 81.3% [95% CI 67.5–91.1%]), specificity was higher for the critical item tool (70.8% [95% CI 48.9–87.4%] vs. 29.2% [95% CI 12.6–51.1%]). We recommend the use of critical item checklists for the assessment of POCUS competence.
Diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography in detecting transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt dysfunction
Authors: Han Hao , Yang Jian , Jin Wei-kui , Li Xia , Zhang Feng , Zhuge Yu-zheng , Wu Min , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2020

Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction can cause recurrent portal hypertension (PH)-related complications such as ascites and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. Portography is invasive and costly limits its use as a screening modality. Purpose To assess the clinical value of conventional ultrasound in combination with point shear wave elastography (pSWE) to predict TIPS dysfunction. Material and Methods A total of 184 patients with cirrhosis scheduled for TIPS implantation were enrolled in this study and evaluated retrospectively. The splenoportal venous blood flow parameter, liver stiffness (LS), and spleen stiffness (SPS) were measured. Outcome measures included differences in portal vein velocity (PVV), splenic vein velocity (SPVV), LS, and SPS. The accuracy of change in PVV (ΔPVV), SPVV (ΔSPVV), and SPS (ΔSPS) to diagnose TIPS dysfunction was investigated. Results TIPS dysfunction occurred in 28 of 184 patients (15.2%). Eighteen (64.3%) patients had shunt stenoses and 10 (35.7%) had shunt occlusion. Portal vein diameter (PVD), PVV, splenic vein diameter (SPVD), SPVV, LS, and SPS were not significantly different between the TIPS normal and TIPS dysfunction groups. Compared with the TIPS normal group, PVV and SPVV of the TIPS dysfunction group decreased significantly, whereas SPS increased significantly ( P < 0.001). The values of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of ΔPVV, ΔSPVV, and ΔSPS for the diagnosis of TIPS dysfunction were 0.97, 0.96, and 0.87, respectively. Conclusion pSWE showed a diagnostic efficacy comparable to conventional ultrasound for diagnosing TIPS dysfunction and can be used routinely after TIPS procedures.
Types of Partner Violence in Couples Affected by Incarceration: Applying Johnson’s Typology to Understand the Couple-level Context for Violence
Authors: McKay Tasseli , Tueller Stephen , Landwehr Justin , Johnson Michael P. 
Published: November 2020

In prior research, samples of incarcerated and reentering men and their partners report partner violence at roughly 10 times the frequency found in the general population. The relationship dynamics underlying these experiences remain poorly understood. Addressing this gap and expanding prior applications of Johnson’s typology in other populations—which typically rely on survey data alone and include reports from just one member of a couple—we applied latent class analysis with dyadic survey data from 1,112 couples to identify types of partner violence in couples affected by incarceration. We assessed congruence between quantitative types and couples’ qualitative accounts and compared the two major types using two-sample t-tests. In some couples, one partner used various tactics to systematically dominate and control the other, as in Johnson’s coercive controlling violence. In others, physical violence arose in the context of jealousy but no other controlling behavior. This type resembled Johnson’s situational couple violence. Qualitative data suggested that jealousy represented a common, situational response to periods of prolonged separation, relationship instability, status insecurity, and partnership concurrence and not a tactic of control per se. Victims of coercive controlling violence experienced more PTSD symptoms and felt less safe in their relationships than victims of jealous-only violence. Perpetrators of coercive controlling violence were more likely to use severe physical violence against their partners than perpetrators of jealous-only violence. Findings indicate that broader context is critical for interpreting the presence of jealousy (and whether it constitutes a control tactic). They indicate that prevention and response strategies tailored to these types could help couples cope safely with the extreme relationship stressors of incarceration and reentry. Finally, they suggest a need to move from an exclusive focus on individual accountability and services toward a model that also incorporates institutional accountability and change.