bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to prehospital care services in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz: A prospective study
Authors: Abdul Aziz Azizul Hafiz bin , Nik Muhamad Nik Azlan 
Published: December 2020

Background: The role of prehospital care (PHC) services in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is well established in developed countries. The American Heart Association has defined PHC as the ‘chain of survival’ between public and advanced medical care. For developing countries such as Malaysia, the importance of PHC services in OHCA is evolving; however, data are lacking. Objective: This study aimed to investigate OHCA outcomes in relation to PHC services in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Method: This was a prospective study conducted on OHCA cases attended by the PHC staff of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz. Independent variables were patient background, OHCA nature, and PHC interventions, while dependent variables were patient outcomes. Results: A total of 82 OHCA cases were identified. The survival rate to admission was 12.2% (n = 10), while the survival rate to discharge was 1.2% (n = 1) with cerebral performance categories of 1 or 2. The mean ambulance response time was 14.91 min. Among the variables, only OHCA location and adrenaline administration show significant association with OHCA outcome. OHCA location was significant in both outcomes (admission χ2(4) = 16.354, p < 0.03, Cramer's V = 0.447, discharge χ2(4) = 19.741, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.491). However, adrenaline administration was significant only for survival to admission (χ2(1) = 3.776, p < 0.052, Cramer's V = 0.215) but not for survival to discharge (χ2(1) = 0.964, p < 0.326). Conclusion: Improvement in ambulance response time, public availability of automated external defibrillator, and public awareness of early cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are required to increase the survivability of OHCA in developing countries.
Market Efficiency and the Setting of Salaries for NBA Daily Fantasy on FanDuel and Draft Kings
Authors: Paul Rodney , Weinbach Andrew , Losak Jeremy 
Published: December 2020

The market for daily fantasy sports for the NBA is examined with respect to efficiency when pricing player salaries for the games. Simple factors such as home court advantage, rest, and opponent are shown to significantly effect performance beyond posted salaries in the respective markets. In addition, a “hot hand” effect is found in that players that exceed expectations in previous games are shown to outperform salary-based expectations in the next contest. These factors yield a rejection of market efficiency as it relates to salaries in the marketplace. Legal ramifications for these contests as games of skill are examined.
Leprosy in the Modern Era
Authors: Manzoor Kadri Syed , Petkovic Marija , Taj Arshi , H. Brady Ailbhe 
Published: December 2020

Leprosy is a chronic infective disease that originates from the presence of pathogen agent Mycobacterium leprae. Mycobacterium leprae was discovered by the Norwegian doctor Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen in 1873. For the zoonotic transmission of M. leprae in the US the responsible insects are armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). M. leprae is an intracellular microorganism leading to loss of sensibility, innervation, intraepidermal impairment and lesions due to the absence of myelin in Schwann cells. Mycobacterium leprae has high infectivity and low pathogenicity. Incubation period is from 2 to 7 years. Leprosy is an infectious neurodegenerative disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Leprosy is the major cause of human disability due to neurological damage. Leprosy still represents one of the major causes of disabilities in humans. The most common complications are muscle weakness leading to atrophy, bone loss, amputations and blindness. In the case of chronic cutaneous hyperalgesia, there is a local increase in NGF levels. The application of anti-NGF antibodies may be of benefit in treating hyperalgesia in patients with neuropathy and impaired nerve endings. If combined, NGF, NT-3 and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor may be sustainable. In over 90% of human individuals an overall genetic resistance has been noted.
Toxic Effluent Treatment by Membrane Based Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Sustainable Management and Conservation of Ground Water in Industrial Clusters
Authors: Gati Gupta Biman 
Published: December 2020

The present study attempts to assess the nature of effluents generated from textile bleaching and dyeing units located at Kalikapur area under Maheshtala region, West Bengal, India and to provide a sustainable management of ground water resources through installing CETPs with zero liquid discharge system. Effluent from medium, small and tiny units of this region is estimated at 2000 MLD. Studies with 40 units for 4 years (2012—2016) located in this area exhibited following mean values of different physic-chemical variables: pH (9), Biological Oxygen Demand (610 Mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (1827 Mg/L), Total Dissolved Solids (6411 Mg/L), Total Suspend Solids (927 Mg/L) and toxic metals such as lead Pb (0.43 Mg/L), Chromium (0.031 Mg/L), Zinc (0.74 Mg/L), Nickel (0.07 Mg/L) and Cadmium (0.03 Mg/L). These finding of results surpass the standard allowable limits qualify by FAO (1985) and World Health Organization (2003). The waste water loaded with toxic trace metals is adversely affecting the environmental pollution and anthropomorphic eudemonia and also pollute the quality of both surface and ground water and consequently degraded agricultural and plant yield, vegetable and fruits and causes impairment to aquatic lives. Four to five Common Effluent Treatment Plants are urgently required to install at different areas of the Maheshtala cluster with a capacity of 500 MLD each, so that one in Kalikapur area, to manage sizeable volume of waste water (2000 MLD) and sustainable management of ground water resources in a thickly populated urban area near Calcutta, a principal city of India.
Psuedomonas aeruginosa-Associated Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Mazhar Ali Nazish , Rehman Safia , Abdullah Mazhar Syed , Liaqat Iram , Mazhar Bushra 
Published: December 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly successful in colonizing in all types of environments. P. aeruginosa colonizing in adverse environment due to the presence of its virulence factors include production of toxins, proteases hemolysins, and formation of biofilms. In man, the most common opportunist pathogen is P. aeruginosa. Metabolically P. aeruginosa is versatile. Most of the antibiotics targeted metabolically active cells and bacteria could contribute to decrease in biofilm susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents. Scientists suggested about Pseudomonas that it can be catabolized any hydrocarbon in specific time along with availability of oxygen and nitrite. If bacteria are not susceptible to one agent in three or more, it is called as multidrug-resistance strains. The antimicrobial treatments were not suitable when microorganism presented in vitro microorganism resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment of the patient which lack of treatment for 24 h after diagnosis of microbial infections. Bacteria have developed resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Treatment of Pseudomonas infections is coming harder day by day as its resistance against most of the antibiotics. Because of resistance of bacteria antibiotics, alternative methods are in consideration. These methods include use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and most recently nano-particles. That is why they are used as antibacterial agents.
The “Art of Collaborations”: Understanding the Anatomy of Transformative Transactions in Biopharma
Authors: Boni Arthur A 
Published: December 2020

This article highlights the factors that drive successful collaborations and partnerships that underlie accessing transformative technologies, and financially sharing of value created through eventual successful commercialization and incorporation into the Pharma 3.0 and then Pharma 4.0 business models. We highlight the “softer factors” of the partnerships and collaborations that relate to the commonality of culture and vision of the partners and how they “fit” into a working, collaborative partnership and/or M&A transaction, and then into the ultimate product(s) and services that are brought to the market to create shared value. We posit that such transactions often fail because of reasons that do not involve either technology or market; but relate to “softer” human-related factors. For illustrative purposes, we frame our discussions around several and very successful larger top tier biopharma companies that are well known for accessing external technologies as a source for transformative innovation.
Challenges for Transformative Innovation in Emerging Digital Health Organizations: advocating service design to address the multifaceted healthcare ecosystem
Authors: Boni Arthur A 
Published: December 2020

This article uses mini- case studies of three early stage organizations that pursued different pathways or models for bringing emerging, transformative digital technologies to the healthcare market. These organizations were each focused on different applications of digital health: Stentor was a venture capital backed, university spinoff focused in the field of digital radiology; Omnyx was formed as a joint venture (JV) by an academic medical center and industrial partner to transform the field of digital pathology; and, IBM Watson operating as an IBM unit, focused on the promise of artificial intelligence and machine learning for broad uses in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Each took a different organizational and business model path that resulted in mixed outcomes. While there are always many reasons for success or failure, we observe that these digital healthcare markets are more complex than typical consumer or technology markets. While any solution in healthcare demands patient centricity; healthcare markets additionally require a strong understanding and appreciation of the supporting ecosystem or network consisting of physicians and providers; and of constraints from payers and regulators. The value propositions of each member of the ecosystem must be understood and addressed. To meet this challenge, we advocate the formation of an integrated multidisciplinary commercialization team that addresses the multidimensional value proposition across the company life cycle. And importantly, that team should work collaboratively, and include service design as a key team member - along with the technology, business, marketing, reimbursement, and regulatory components.
Legal and Compliance Considerations When Bringing Cellular Therapies to Market
Authors: Dow Amy , Michael Jennifer E. , Sullivan Lauren 
Published: December 2020

Cellular therapies treat the underlying cause of disease by removing cells from a patient’s body, modifying the cells by introducing a new gene or correcting a faulty one, and then infusing the modified cells back into the patient. While cellular therapies raise many regulatory and legal issues that are common to all therapeutic products, this article focuses on the unique legal and compliance challenges cellular therapy manufacturers face when bringing cellular therapies to market, securing reimbursement for their products, and providing financial assistance to the patients who need them.
Pengaruh musim terhadap kelimpahan kumbang moncong (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada tipe penggunaan lahan berbeda di lanskap Hutan Harapan dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi
Authors: Siddikah Fatimah , Nazarreta Rizky , Buchori Damayanti 
Published: December 2020

Perubahan fungsi tipe penggunaan lahan dari hutan menjadi perkebunan dapat menyebabkan hilangnya berbagai jenis keanekaragaman serangga, salah satunya adalah kelompok kumbang. Kumbang Curculionidae atau kumbang moncong merupakan salah satu famili terbesar dalam Ordo Coleoptera karena kemampuannya yang mampu beradaptasi di hampir semua habitat di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh musim terhadap kekayaan spesies dan kelimpahan individu kumbang moncong pada tipe penggunaan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet di area lanskap Hutan Harapan dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan 2013–2014 dengan metode pengasapan menggunakan pestisida berbahan aktif piretroid. Pada setiap tipe penggunaan lahan (perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet) ditentukan 4 plot pengamatan, dan masing-masing plot pengamatan ditentukan 3 titik sebagai subplot sehingga total keseluruhan terdapat 16 plot atau 48 subplot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan sebanyak 1.761 individu kumbang moncong yang terdiri atas 9 subfamili dan 45 morfospesies. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, perbedaan musim tidak memengaruhi kekayaan spesies dan kelimpahan individu, sedangkan perbedaan tipe penggunaan lahan hanya memengaruhi kelimpahan individu kumbang moncong. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kemiripan spesies Bray-Curtis menunjukkan sebesar 4% terjadi kemiripan spesies antar tipe penggunaan lahan, dan 46% kemiripan spesies antar musim. Hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman pada tipe penggunaan lahan kelapa sawit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tipe penggunaan lahan karet. Salah satu spesies dominan yang ditemukan pada kedua tipe penggunaan lahan adalah Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust., juga ditemukan spesies spesifik yang hanya menempati tipe penggunaan lahan tertentu, seperti Rhynchophorus sp.01 hanya ditemukan pada tipe penggunaan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan Curculio sp.04 hanya ditemukan pada tipe penggunaan lahan karet.
Pancreatic Trauma: Proposal for Management Algorithm
Authors: Hashimoto Daisuke , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Yamaki So , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Yui Rintaro , Okawa Takaomi , Matsumura Fujio , Horiuchi Hiroyuki , Satoi Sohei 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Pancreatic trauma is potentially lethal despite recent improvements in surgical techniques and conservative management. However, no guidelines for the management of pancreatic trauma have been established. In this report, we propose an algorithm for the management of pancreatic trauma based on our experience of 9 cases and 1 literature review.

Case presentation
This study included 9 patients with pancreatic trauma (5 men and 4 women). The patient median age was 40 years (range, 17–75 years). The overall mortality rate was 22.2%, and the postoperative mortality rate was 16.7%. Superficial trauma was present in 2 patients. Deep trauma without injury to the main pancreatic duct was present in 1 patient, and this patient was treated successfully with endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage. Active bleeding was present in 2 patients and controlled by interventional radiology. Deep trauma with injury to the main pancreatic duct was present in 6 patients. Among them, 1 patient died after conservative treatment with endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage. The other 5 patients underwent surgery (pancreatic resection in 4 and necrosectomy in 1).

Conclusion
The herein-described algorithm recommends interventional radiology for active arterial bleeding, conservative management for trauma without ductal injury, and surgery for trauma with ductal injury. This algorithm may provide a basis for future establishment of guidelines.
“It's Not My Knee”: Understanding Ongoing Pain and Discomfort After Total Knee Replacement Through Re‐Embodiment
Authors: Moore Andrew , Eccleston Christopher , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveUp to 20% of people who undergo total knee replacement surgery have ongoing pain and discomfort. The aim of this study was to understand what role the concepts of embodiment (of both having a body and experiencing the world through one's body) and incorporation (integrating something into one's body) might have in understanding experiences of pain and discomfort after total knee replacement.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 34 people who had received total knee replacement at either of 2 National Health Service hospitals in the UK, and who had chronic postsurgical pain (n = 34, ages 55–93 years). Data were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: 1) when describing chronic postsurgical pain, some participants also described sensations of discomfort, including heaviness, numbness, pressure, and tightness associated with the prosthesis; 2) participants reported a lack of felt connection with and agency over their replaced knee, often describing it as alien or other, and lacked confidence in the knee.ConclusionParticipants’ experiences indicate that some people do not achieve full incorporation of the prosthesis. Our study emphasizes the importance of physicians treating patients as whole people and moving beyond clinical and procedural ideas of success. Our findings suggest that to optimize postoperative outcomes, rehabilitation must focus not only on strengthening the joint and promoting full recovery to tasks but on modifying a person's relationship to the new joint and managing sensations of otherness to achieve full incorporation of the joint or re‐embodiment.
Sequential Magneto‐Actuated and Optics‐Triggered Biomicrorobots for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xing Jiehua , Yin Ting , Li Shuiming , Xu Tiantian , Ma Aiqing , Chen Ze , Luo Yingmei , Lai Zhengyu , Lv Yingnian , Pan Hong , Liang Ruijing , Wu Xinyu , Zheng Mingbin , Cai Lintao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicro/nanorobots have the potential to be remotely propelled and manipulated in complex biological fluid and organ tissue. However, the combination of the sophisticated physiological barriers, remote‐controlled navigation, real‐time motion tracking, and diagnostic/therapeutic effects are tremendous challenges for application and translation. An unique sequential magneto‐actuated and optics‐triggered biomicrorobot (AI microrobot) for actively targeted cancer treatment is prepared. The AI microrobot consists of two components, magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB‐1), providing the ability to autonomously swim toward the tumor site via internal hypoxia‐driven effects and an external applied magnetic field, and indocyanine green nanoparticles, acting as a fluorescence imaging agent and photothermal therapy. The AI microrobots are tracked in vivo by fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. It is found that the AI microrobots can sequentially migrate to the hypoxic internal area of tumors and then effectively eradicate solid tumors through photothermal therapy under NIR laser irradiation. The sequential magneto‐actuated and optics‐triggered AI microrobots platform described here presents a bioinspired strategy toward remotely controlled propulsion, actively targeted cargo delivery, and satisfactory therapeutic performance in the circulatory system.
Cell‐Selective siRNA Delivery Using Glycosylated Dynamic Covalent Polymers Self‐Assembled In Situ by RNA Templating
Authors: Laroui Nabila , Coste Maëva , Su Dandan , Ali Lamiaa M. A. , Bessin Yannick , Barboiu Mihail , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Bettache Nadir , Ulrich Sébastien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamic covalent libraries enable exploring complex chemical systems from which bioactive assemblies can adaptively emerge through template effects. In this work, we studied dynamic covalent libraries made of complementary bifunctional cationic peptides, yielding a diversity of species from macrocycles to polymers. Although polymers are typically expressed only at high concentration, we found that siRNA acts as a template in the formation of dynamic covalent polymers at low concentration in a process guided by electrostatic binding. Using a glycosylated building block, we were able to show that this templated polymerization further translates into the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate ligands, which subsequently promotes cell uptake and even cell‐selective siRNA delivery.
From Carbohydrates to Complex Organofluorines: Synthesis, Conformation, and Lipophilicity of Multivicinal‐Fluorine‐Containing Hexitol Analogues
Authors: Lainé Danny , Lessard Olivier , St‐Gelais Jacob , Giguère Denis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the preparation of fluorine‐containing organic molecules. Multivicinal‐fluorine analogues are among the most intriguing and promising compounds, but their physical and biological investigations are held back by challenging syntheses. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a large set of novel polyfluorohexitols. The dominant solution‐state conformation of all trifluorohexitols was determined, and the solid‐state conformations of some analogues were compared. Finally, the lipophilicity of a large set of polyfluorinated hexopyranose and hexitol analogues was attributed by using a log P determination method based on 19F NMR spectroscopy.
Diazapentacenes from Quinacridones
Authors: Wiesner Thomas , Ahrens Lukas , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBis(silylethynylated) 5,7‐ and 5,12‐diazapentacenes were synthesized fromcis‐ andtrans‐quinacridone using protection, alkynylation and deoxygenation. The solid‐state packing of the targets is determined by choice and position of the silylethynyl substituents. The position of the substituents and nitrogen atoms influence the optical properties of the targets.
All is fish that comes to the net: metabarcoding for rapid fisheries catch assessment
Authors: Russo Tommaso , Maiello Giulia , Talarico Lorenzo , Baillie Charles , Colosimo Giuliano , D'Andrea Lorenzo , Di Maio Federico , Fiorentino Fabio , Franceschini Simone , Garofalo Germana , Scannella Danilo , Cataudella Stefano , Mariani Stefano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMonitoring marine resource exploitation is a key activity in fisheries science and biodiversity conservation. Since research surveys are time consuming and costly, fishery‐dependent data (i.e., derived directly from fishing vessels) are increasingly credited with a key role in expanding the reach of ocean monitoring. Fishing vessels may be seen as widely ranging data‐collecting platforms, which could act as a fleet of sentinels for monitoring marine life, in particular exploited stocks. Here, we investigate the possibility of assessing catch composition of single hauls carried out by trawlers by applying DNA metabarcoding to the dense water draining from fishing nets just after the end of hauling operations (hereafter “slush”). We assess the performance of this approach in portraying β‐diversity and examining the quantitative relationship between species abundances in the catch and DNA amount in the slush (read counts generated by amplicon sequencing). We demonstrate that the assemblages identified using DNA in the slush satisfactorily mirror those returned by visual inspection of net content (about 71% of species and 86% of families of fish) and detect a strong relationship between read counts and species abundances in the catch. We therefore argue that this approach could be upscaled to serve as a powerful source of information on the structure of demersal assemblages and the impact of fisheries.