bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the mass transfer coefficients in direct immersion solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Xu Jianqiao , Hu Qingkun , Liu Xiwen , Wei Songbo , Zheng Juan , Lin Wei , Ye Yuxin , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiffusion of the analytes across the diffusion boundary layers and subsequently through the fiber coatings determines the extraction kinetics of solid‐phase microextraction in aqueous matrices. Besides, the matrix effects can distort the behaviors of the analytes transferring across the diffusion boundary layers. However, these processes were always studied via certain simplification, which often left the mass transfer through the fiber coatings unconsidered and the matrix effects partially investigated. Herein, a comprehensive study on the mass transfer processes in direct immersion solid‐phase microextraction was presented. Under different agitation speeds, it was determined that the mass transfer coefficients across the diffusion boundary layers were three to six orders larger than those through the fiber coatings. However, the mass transfer across the diffusion boundary layers was generally the major rate‐limiting step. In addition, the shuttle effect and the barrier effect, which were responsible for accelerating and retarding the extraction kinetics, respectively, were found to be the dominant matrix effect alternately under different agitation speeds. This study comprehensively illustrated the major rate‐limiting step and the dominant matrix effects through recording the mass transfer coefficients.
Histopathological changes to the peripheral vestibular system following meningitic labyrinthitis
Authors: Pauna Henrique F. , Knoll Renata M. , Lubner Rory J. , Brodsky Jacob R. , Cushing Sharon L. , Hyppolito Miguel A. , Nadol Joseph B. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhile cochlear ossification is a common sequalae of meningitic labyrinthitis, less is known about the effects of meningitis on peripheral vestibular end organs. Herein, we investigate histopathologic changes in the peripheral vestibular system and cochlea in patients with a history of meningitic labyrinthitis.MethodsTemporal bone (TB) specimens from patients with a history of meningitis were evaluated and compared to age‐matched controls. Specimens were evaluated by light microscopy and assessed for qualitative changes, including the presence of vestibular and/or cochlear endolymphatic hydrops, presence and location of inflammatory cells, new bone formation, and labyrinthitis ossificans; and quantitative changes, including Scarpa's ganglion neuron (ScGN) and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) counts.ResultsFifteen TB from 10 individuals met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Presence of inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue was found in 5 TB. Of these, evidence of labyrinthitis ossificans was found in 2 TB. In the peripheral vestibular system, mild to severe degeneration of the vestibular membranous labyrinth was identified in 60% of cases (n = 9 TBs). There was a 21.2% decrease (range, 3%‐64%) in the mean total count of ScGN in patients with meningitis, compared to age‐matched controls. In the cochlea, there was a 45% decrease (range, 25.3%‐80.9%) in the mean total count of SGN compared to age‐matched controls (n = 14 TBs).ConclusionsOtopathologic analysis of TB from patients with a history of meningitic labyrinthitis demonstrated distinct peripheral vestibular changes. Future research may help to delineate potential mechanisms for the observed otopathologic changes following meningitis.Level of EvidenceN/A
A functional variant in TNXB promoter associates with the risk of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Nan , Tian Jianbo , Wang Xiaoyang , Mei Shufang , Zou Danyi , Peng Xiating , Zhu Ying , Yang Yang , Gong Yajie , Ke Juntao , Zhong Rong , Chang Jiang , Miao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur previous study identified a tag single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs204900 in TNXB associated with risk of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Chinese population. However, the functional role of TNXB and causal variants had not been interrogated in that study. In the present study, we explored the effects of TNXB expression in the development of ESCC and searched for functional variants in this gene. We found TNXB was downregulated in ESCC tumors. Using small interfering RNAs and CRISPR–Cas9 methods, we identified that both knockdown and knockout of TNXB significantly promoted ESCC cell growth in vitro, suggesting a tumor suppressor role of this gene in ESCC. Through further fine‐mapping analysis, we identified that a noncoding variant in the promoter of TNXB, rs411337, predisposed to ESCC risk (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.22‐1.51, P = 9.10 × 10−9). These findings revealed the functional mechanism of TNXB in the development of ESCC and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of this disease in the future.
Finite element model updating using crow search algorithm with Levy flight
Authors: Wu Hao , Wu Pingbo , Xu Kai , Li Fansong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe accuracy of the finite element model is essential for fatigue analysis and vibration of a flexible body. This paper presents a finite element model updating (FEMU) algorithm based on crows search algorithm incorporated with Levy flight (LFCSA). The proposed algorithm is tested on the updating of two different cases: a simple structure (beam) and a complex structure (gearbox housing). To verify the performance of LFCSA, two optimization algorithm, which is the standard CSA and the particle swarm optimization algorithm with Levy flight (LFPSO), are applied to FEMU of the simple beam. The result of the comparison shows that the LFCSA has sufficient convergence speed and global search ability in the implementation of FEMU. In the case of gearbox housing, the error of frequencies and mode shapes are analyzed to indicate that the LFCSA gives a satisfactory result in a complex structure.
Does managers' motivation matter? Exploring the associations between motivation, transformational leadership, and innovation in a religious organization
Authors: Løvaas Beate J. , Jungert Tomas , Van den Broeck Anja , Haug Håvard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReligious organizations are social systems operating in a complex and changing environment. By looking to an authority beyond themselves, religious organizations have comparatively little control over defining their own goals. In this juggling between sticking to the ultimate goal of an organization and adapting to complex changing environments, that is, in the juggling between tradition and renewal, transformational leadership seems to play an important role in religious organizations. The extensive body of literature on transformational leadership has focused more on the outcomes of transformational leadership than on its antecedents. We extend the existing literature by linking managers' motivation to their transformational leadership behaviors in a religious organization. More specifically, we examined the associations of intrinsic and prosocial motivation with transformational leadership, and we investigated the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation among 252 managers in the largest nonprofit organization in Norway, the Church of Norway. Analyses in structural equation modeling revealed a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership, whereas the relationship between prosocial motivation and transformational leadership was not significant. Transformational leadership was positively associated with innovation. Based on the results of the study, we discuss practical implications regarding how to support intrinsic motivation, transformational leadership, and innovation in religious organizations.
Prognostic analysis of peripheral blood inflammatory markers in 99 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with recurrence and metastasis
Authors: Gu Weiguo , Yu Feng , Mao Qiao , Qiu Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in China; furthermore, >80% of cases worldwide occur in South China. This study analyzed the use of peripheral blood inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis after radiochemotherapy for NPC.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on the prognosis of 99 NPC patients with pathological and imaging diagnosis after radiochemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 2010 and 2018．The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, log–rank tests were used for univariate prognostic analysis, and a Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that treatment plan (χ2 = 8.895, P = 0.003), primary platelet count (χ2 = 3.92, P = 0.048), and primary lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH; χ2 = 22.138, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with survival time. Multivariable analysis showed that treatment plan (hazard ratio 2.103, 95% confidence interval 1.276 to –3.469, P = 0.004) and LDH (hazard ratio 2.711, 95% confidence interval 1.714–4.289, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for NPC.ConclusionsTreatment plan, primary platelet count, and primary LDH were positively correlated with survival time. Treatment plan and primary LDH level were independent risk factors for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Functional validation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 as a target of spinosyns in Spodoptera exigua utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Zuo Yayun , Xue Yuxin , Lu Wenjie , Ma Huanhuan , Chen Maohua , Wu Yidong , Yang Yihua , Hu Zhaonong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a serious agricultural pest that is primarily controlled using chemical insecticides. Recently, resistance to the insecticide spinosad has been described in S. exigua field populations. To date, there has been no functional evidence proving the involvement of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 mutation in spinosad resistance in S. exigua.RESULTSIn this study, using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome‐editing system, a homozygous strain (Seα6‐KO) with approximately 1760‐bp deletion within Seα6 in S. exigua causing a premature truncation of Seα6 was successfully constructed. Insecticide bioassays showed that Seα6‐KO exhibited 373‐fold higher resistance to spinosad and 850‐fold higher resistance to spinetoram compared to WH‐S strain with the same genetic background but showed no significant change in susceptibility to emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole. Genetic analysis revealed that Seα6‐KO is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait.CONCLUSIONThe results clearly demonstrated the functional role of Seα6 in resistance to spinosyn insecticides and provide an example of using genome editing to verify a target premature truncation associated with resistance.
A new combinatorial model for deterministic competing failure analysis
Authors: Wang Chaonan , Xing Liudong , Weng Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComponents in many engineering and industrial systems can experience propagated failures, which not only cause the failure of the component itself but also affect other components, causing extensive damage to the entire system. However, in systems with functional dependence behavior where failure of a trigger component may cause other components (referred to as dependent components) to become unusable or inaccessible, failure propagation originating from a dependent component could be isolated if the corresponding trigger component fails first. Thus, a time‐domain competition exists between the failure propagation effect and the failure isolation effect, which poses a great challenge to the system reliability modeling and analysis. In this work, a new combinatorial model called competing binary decision diagram (CBDD) is proposed for the reliability analysis of systems subject to the competing failure behavior. In particular, special Boolean algebra rules and logic manipulation rules are developed for system CBDD model generation. The corresponding evaluation algorithm for the constructed CBDD model is also proposed. The proposed CBDD modeling method has no limitation on the type of component time‐to‐failure distributions. A memory system example and a network example are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed model and algorithms. Correctness of the proposed method is verified using the Markov method.
Fiber spray ionization mass spectrometry in forensic chemistry: A screening of drugs of abuse and direct determination of cocaine in urine
Authors: Filho João Francisco Allochio , dos Santos Nayara A. , Borges Keyller Bastos , Lacerda Valdemar , Pelição Fabrício Souza , Romão Wanderson 
Published: February 2020

RationaleAmbient mass spectrometry techniques are much required in forensic chemistry to evaluate evidence with low analytical interference, high confidence, and accuracy. However, traditional methodologies, such as paper spray ionization, have been shown to present low sensitivity in the analysis of illicit drugs from biological matrices.MethodsFiber spray ionization mass spectrometry (FSI‐MS) was developed using a capillary polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber. Seized samples of drugs, i.e. a tablet, blotter paper, hashish, and cocaine powder, were analyzed. Cocaine was quantified from whole urine by dipping the fiber directly into solution. FSI‐MS was tested for the analysis of a sample of urine obtained from a drug abuse suspect.ResultsThe FSI(+) analysis showed the detection of different types of synthetic drugs in tablet and blotter paper samples, e.g. amphetamine, cathinones, phenethylamines, and opioids, while pure cocaine and different types of coca alkaloids were identified from cocaine powder with good sensitivity and high mass accuracy. The hashish analysis by FSI(−) revealed signals of cannabinoids, cannabinoid acids, and cannabinoid derivatives, detected mainly as [M − H]− ions or chlorine adducts [M + Cl]−. The quantification of cocaine in whole urine showed good sensitivity and precision with limits of detection and quantification of 5.16 and 17.21 ng/mL, respectively, linearity above 0.999, and relative standard deviation below 2.71%. The evaluation of seized sample of urine showed the detection of cocaine with relative ion intensity greater than 36%, as well as the metabolites benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene with a relative intensity of 1.4% and 6%, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed FSI‐MS method has the potential to be applied to forensic sample evaluation as well as to determine illicit drugs from biological matrices in toxicological analysis. The use of a capillary PP fiber has advantages as an extractor agent and ionizing substrate, and also the feature of it being dipped directly into the sample, thus preserving the integrity of the sample, which makes this a very promising ambient mass spectrometry method and relevant to forensic chemistry.
Multiple cutaneous plasmacytosis with multilobated (clover‐leaf shaped) nuclei cells in a dog
Authors: Lee Jongbok , Lee Jung Keun , Kim Jawon , Choi Ul Soo , Seo Kyoung won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 12‐year‐old female Shih‐tzu dog was presented with a 2‐month history of cutaneous non‐pruritic multiple ulcerated or crusted nodules of less than 1.5 cm in diameter on eyelids, lips, abdomen, groin, thighs and perianal region. Several diagnostic tests were performed, including fine needle aspiration and skin biopsy of the cutaneous nodules. Cytologic interpretation was round cell neoplasm with multilobated (clover‐leaf shaped) nuclei. Histopathology revealed round neoplastic cells with prominent anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and numerous mitotic figures; however, the origin of the cells was not identified. Immunohistochemical evaluation indicated that these cells were positive for CD79a and MUM‐1, but negative for CD3, CD20 and Pax 5. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, and the skin condition improved. Despite good response to chemotherapy, the patient was euthanized due to poor general health.
Stationary count time series models
Authors: Weiß Christian H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the last 20–30 years, there was a remarkable growth in interest on approaches for stationary count time series. We consider popular classes of models for such time series, including thinning‐based models, conditional regression models, and Hidden‐Markov models. We review and compare important members of these model families, having regard to stochastic properties such as the dispersion and autocorrelation structure. Our survey covers univariate and multivariate count data, as well as unbounded and bounded counts. We also discuss an illustrative data example. Besides this critical presentation of the current state‐of‐the‐art, some existing challenges and opportunities for future research are identified.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Time Series Models
Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and Algorithms
Genetic diversity in the US ex situ populations of the endangered Puerto Rican Boa, Chilabothrus inornatus
Authors: Aungst Emily R. , Puente‐Rolón Alberto R. , Reynolds R. Graham 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Puerto Rican Boa (Chilabothrus inornatus) was placed on the US Endangered Species List in 1970. Progress has been made since to clarify the recovery status of this species, though the design of a new recovery plan must include information regarding genetic variation within and among populations of this species. While measures of genetic diversity in wild populations of this species are finally becoming available, relative genetic diversity represented in ex situ populations is unknown, which hampers efforts to develop an ex situ species management plan. Here, we provide an analysis of genetic diversity in US public and private collections (zoos and breeders) using mitochondrial sequence data and five highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed 50 boas from the US ex situ population and determined overall genetic diversity and relatedness among these individuals. We then compared these data to mitochondrial and microsatellite data obtained from 176 individuals from wild populations across the native range of the species. We found little inbreeding and a large amount of retained genetic diversity in the US ex situ population of C. inornatus relative to wild populations. Genetic diversity in the ex situ population is similar to that found in wild populations. Ours is only the second explicit attempt to characterize genetic diversity at the molecular level in ex situ populations of boid snakes. We anticipate that these results will inform current breeding strategies as well as offer additional information that will facilitate the continuation of ex situ conservation breeding or management in boas.
The novel arthroscopic subscapular quadriceps tendon–bone sling procedure provides increased stability in shoulder cadavers with severe glenoid bone loss
Authors: Klungsøyr Jan Arild , Vagstad Terje , Ferle Manuel , Drogset Jon Olav , Hoff Solveig Roth , Dalen Andreas F. , Hurschler Christof , von Falck Christian , Klungsøyr Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTreatment of anterior glenoid bone loss in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability is a challenge. The subscapular sling method with quadriceps tendon bone (QTB) graft is a modification of the subscapular sling with a semitendinosus (ST) graft. The aim of the study was to test the biomechanical stability of the QTB sling procedure in human shoulder cadavers with severe anterior glenoid bone loss.MethodsFourteen cadaveric shoulders were tested with a force–moment-guided robot in three conditions: physiologically intact, anterior glenoid bone resection, and the subscapular sling procedure with a QTB graft. Joint stability was measured in anterior, anterior inferior and inferior directions in four glenohumeral joint positions: 0° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction, with each at 0° and 60° of external rotation. Maximum external rotation was measured at 0° and 60° glenohumeral abduction. Computer tomography scans were obtained preoperatively to plan the glenoid bone resection, as well as postoperatively to calculate the proportion of the glenoid bone actually resected.ResultsSignificantly decreased translations were observed in the shoulders with the QTB sling compared to the intact joint and the glenoid bone loss model. No significant differences in maximum external rotation were observed between the three different conditions.ConclusionThis biomechanical study revealed a significant stabilizing effect of the arthroscopic subscapular QTB graft sling procedure in human shoulder cadavers without compromising external rotation. Clinical trials may reveal the usefulness of this experimental method.
Digital data and management accounting: why we need to rethink research methods
Authors: Bhimani Alnoor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigitalisation is having profound effects on how enterprises function. Its impact on accounting research is growing as the rise of the internet, mobile technologies and digital economy tools generate depth, breadth and variety of data that far exceed what researchers have had access to in the past. But whilst social scientists interested in organisational issues are starting to question conventional methodological approaches to the study of contexts where digital data forms are drawn upon, little such concern has been voiced in the management accounting literature. This paper seeks to explore the continued applicability of conventional methodological thinking when carrying out investigations within digital data environments to inform management accounting studies. It considers why digitalisation impacts methodological precepts, identifies how descriptive and explanatory modes of questioning which management accountants have conventionally opted for need rethinking, discusses ways in which digital data characteristics alter what can be drawn from empirical studies, and points to the potential offered within digitalised settings for methodological advance. It concludes by highlighting the necessity, where digitalisation exists, to question modes of posing questions and to reconsider the applicability of methodological precepts deployed by management accounting researchers to date.