bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping rainstorm erosion associated with an individual storm from InSAR coherence loss validated by field evidence for the Atacama Desert
Authors: Cabré Albert , Remy Dominique , Aguilar Germán , Carretier Sebastien , Riquelme Rodrigo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtreme high‐magnitude and low‐frequency storm events in arid zones provide the necessary runoff to entrain sediments from source areas and therefore dictate the linkages between hillslopes and channels. Nevertheless, the erosive impact of large storms remains difficult to predict. Most of the uncertainty lies in the lack of topographic change maps associated with single hydro‐meteorological events. Consequently, event‐based erosion models are poorly constrained and their extrapolation over long time periods remains uncertain. In this study, a 15‐month Sentinel‐1A coherence time series, optical and field data are used to map the spatial patterns of erosion after the 5‐day storm occurred on March 2015, in the Atacama Desert. The coherence change detection (CCD) analysis suggests that temporal loss of coherence is related to variations in soil moisture, while permanent loss of coherence is related to modification of soil texture by erosion and sedimentation. Importantly, permanent loss of coherence is more apparent on gentle rather than steeper slopes, likely reflecting differences in regolith cover and thickness. These findings can contradict the landscape models predicting higher erosion on steeper hillslopes. The CCD technique represents a promising tool for analysing and modelling sediment connectivity in arid areas, giving a clear picture of the relation between sediment sources and sink pathways. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient viscosity contrast calculation for blood flow simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Lehmann Moritz , Müller Sebastian Johannes , Gekle Stephan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) combined with the immersed boundary method is a common tool to simulate the movement of red blood cel ls (RBCs) through blood vessels. With very few exceptions, such simulations neglect the difference in viscosities between the hemoglobin solution inside the cells and the blood plasma outside, although it is well known that this viscosity contrast can severely affect cell deformation. While it is easy to change the local viscosity in LBM, the challenge is to distinguish whether a given lattice point is inside or outside the RBC at each time step. Here, we present a fast algorithm to solve this issue by tracking the membrane motion and computing the scalar product between the local surface normal and the distance vector between the closest LBM lattice point and the surface. This approach is much faster than, for example, the ray‐casting method. With the domain tracking applied, we investigate the shape transition of a RBC in a microchannel for different viscosity contrast and validate our method by comparing with boundary‐integral simulations.
Fruit‐based drink sensory, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties in the Amazon region: Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth and verbascifolia (L.) DC) and tapereba (Spondia mombin)
Authors: de Souza Vanessa Rosse , Aniceto Adriana , Abreu Joel Pimentel , Montenegro Julia , Boquimpani Bruno , de Jesuz Vanessa Azevedo , Elias Campos Monique de Barros , Marcellini Paulo Sérgio , Freitas‐Silva Otniel , Cadena Rafael , Teodoro Anderson Junger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncreased fruit consumption due its protective effect on the organism is accompanied by the development of the processing industry of these products. The aim of this work was to optimize fruit pulp‐based beverage formulations from the murici and tapereba Amazon region, taking into account their sensory acceptance and antioxidant activity. Total soluble solid content, reducing sugar content, titratable acidity contents, pH, and ascorbic acid content were determined in pulps and formulations. The total content phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. A 22 factorial experiment was formulated to optimize ingredients for the production of murici and tapereba fruit drinks. The murici pulp had higher acidity and higher ascorbic acid content. The analysis of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity presented higher quantity in tapereba pulp. Tapereba‐based beverages had better acceptance by the evaluated criteria. Fruit‐based beverages murici and tapereba are a well‐accepted product and have important nutritional characteristics.
Validation of the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition and the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition Questionnaire for identification of mild cognitive impairment in a memory clinic setting
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper , Nielsen Thomas R. , Nielsen Ann , Waldorff Frans B. , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC) and the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition Questionnaire (BASIC‐Q) for identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a memory clinic setting.MethodsA total of 163 sociodemographically matched patients (MCI, n = 42, and dementia, n = 121) and 83 control participants were included in the study. Two instruments were validated: (a) BASIC, including the components self‐report, informant report, and two brief cognitive tests, and (b) BASIC‐Q, including the components self‐report, informant report, and orientation. BASIC can be administered in 5 minutes and BASIC‐Q in less than 5 minutes.ResultsA high discriminative validity for MCI vs control participants was found for both BASIC (sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.89) and BASIC‐Q (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.88). In comparison, the MMSE had low sensitivity (0.61) and moderate specificity (0.72). All components of BASIC and BASIC‐Q contributed significantly to differentiate MCI from control participants. The components of BASIC and BASIC‐Q also contributed significantly to differentiate MCI from dementia, except for self‐report, which was identical in the two groups.ConclusionsBoth BASIC and BASIC‐Q are brief, valid, and effective instruments for identification of patients with possible MCI in a memory clinic setting. Further cross‐validation of the instruments in a general practice or primary care setting is needed.
Discriminating stress from rest based on resting‐state connectivity of the human brain: A supervised machine learning study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Llera Alberto , Hashemi Mahur M. , Kaldewaij Reinoud , Koch Saskia B. J. , Beckmann Christian F. , Klumpers Floris , Roelofs Karin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute stress induces large‐scale neural reorganization with relevance to stress‐related psychopathology. Here, we applied a novel supervised machine learning method, combining the strengths of a priori theoretical insights with a data‐driven approach, to identify which connectivity changes are most prominently associated with a state of acute stress and individual differences therein. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were taken from 334 healthy participants (79 females) before and after a formal stress induction. For each individual scan, mean time‐series were extracted from 46 functional parcels of three major brain networks previously shown to be potentially sensitive to stress effects (default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control networks). A data‐driven approach was then used to obtain discriminative spatial linear filters that classified the pre‐ and post‐stress scans. To assess potential relevance for understanding individual differences, probability of classification using the most discriminative filters was linked to individual cortisol stress responses. Our model correctly classified pre‐ versus post‐stress states with highly significant accuracy (above 75%; leave‐one‐out validation relative to chance performance). Discrimination between pre‐ and post‐stress states was mainly based on connectivity changes in regions from the SN and DMN, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus. Interestingly, the probability of classification using these connectivity changes were associated with individual cortisol increases. Our results confirm the involvement of DMN and SN using a data‐driven approach, and specifically single out key regions that might receive additional attention in future studies for their relevance also for individual differences.
Comparison of the effects of litter covering and incorporation on infiltration and soil erosion under simulated rainfall
Authors: Wang Lunjiang , Zhang Guanghui , Zhu Pingzong , Wang Xue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant litter can either cover on soil surface or be incorporated into top‐soil layer in natural ecosystems. Their effects on infiltration and soil erosion are likely quite different. This study was performed to compare the effects of litter covering on soil surface and being incorporated into top‐soil layer on infiltration and soil erosion under simulated rainfall. Four litter types (needle‐leaf, broad‐leaf, brush, and herb) were collected from fields and applied to cover on soil surface or to be incorporated into top‐soil layer (5 cm) at the same rate (0.2 kg/m2). The simulated rainfalls (40 and 80 mm/hr) were run at two slope angles (10° and 20°). The results showed that the mean infiltration rate of litter covering treatment was 1.4 times as great as that of litter incorporated. Litter covering enhanced infiltration via protecting surface from soil sealing. Whereas, litter incorporation affected infiltration by its water repellency. Soil erosion of litter incorporated treatment was 5.4 times as large as that of litter covered treatment, which was attributed to the changes in surface litter coverage and soil erosion resistance. Litter type affected soil erosion through the variations in litter coverage and litter morphology. For litter covering treatment, litter coverage can explain the major variance of soil loss on the slopes. Whereas, for litter incorporated treatment, both the influences of litter coverage and litter length on soil erosion resistance were considered necessary to well explain the variance of soil loss. The results also showed that the benefits of litter to control soil erosion declined with rainfall intensity and slope gradient for both covering and incorporated treatments. The results of this study are helpful to understand the mechanisms of litter influencing hydrological and erosion processes on hillslopes.
Non‐linear quickflow response as indicators of runoff generation mechanisms
Authors: Scaife Charles I. , Singh Nitin K. , Emanuel Ryan E. , Miniat Chelcy Ford , Band Lawrence E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLinking quickflow response to subsurface state can improve our understanding of runoff processes that drive emergent catchment behaviour. We investigated the formation of non‐linear quickflows in three forested headwater catchments and also explored unsaturated and saturated storage dynamics, and likely runoff generation mechanisms that contributed to threshold formation. Our analyses focused on two reference watersheds at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (CHL) in western North Carolina, USA, and one reference watershed at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SHW) in Central Pennsylvania, USA, with available hourly soil moisture, groundwater, streamflow, and precipitation time series over several years. Our study objectives were to characterise (a) non‐linear runoff response as a function of storm characteristics and antecedent conditions, (b) the critical levels of shallow unsaturated and saturated storage that lead to hourly flow response, and (c) runoff mechanisms contributing to rapidly increasing quickflow using measurements of soil moisture and groundwater. We found that maximum hourly rainfall did not significantly contribute to quickflow production in our sites, in contrast to prior studies, due to highly conductive forest soils. Soil moisture and groundwater dynamics measured in hydrologically representative areas of the hillslope showed that variable subsurface states could contribute to non‐linear runoff behaviour. Quickflow generation in watersheds at CHL were dominated by both saturated and unsaturated pathways, but the relative contributions of each pathway varied between catchments. In contrast, quickflow was almost entirely related to groundwater fluctuations at SHW. We showed that co‐located measurements of soil moisture and groundwater supplement threshold analyses providing stronger prediction and understanding of quickflow generation and indicate dominant runoff processes.
Knowledge Representation with Ontologies and Semantic Web Technologies to Promote Augmented and Artificial Intelligence in Systems Engineering
Authors: Hagedorn Thomas , Bone Mary , Kruse Benjamin , Grosse Ian , Blackburn Mark 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis article discusses knowledge representation using ontologies and semantic web technologies to enable artificial intelligence (AI) for Systems Engineering. Technology trends indicate new methods and tools for digital engineering will incorporate AI and machine learning (ML) technologies. ML techniques support classification, clustering, and association identification, but struggle to explain the rationale for decision making, where multi‐domain semantic modeling and rule‐based reasoning can excel. Knowledge representation plays a key role in applying this type of AI. Ontologies are a means to domain modeling and reasoning required across Digital Thread domains instantiated in digital system models (DSM). These evolve over time as digital twins, which co‐evolve with physical instantiations of a DSM. Semantic technologies and ontologies formalize knowledge as an enabler for reasoning, with interoperable ontologies enabling reason about systems engineering across domains.
Motivating a Systems Theory of AI
Authors: Cody Tyler , Adams Stephen , Beling Peter 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence is an emerging technology with few principled engineering frameworks guiding its application, particularly theoretical frameworks for understanding the interrelationships between systems and their learning processes. We propose addressing this gap by using systems theory as a mathematical superstructure for learning theory. Such a framework would connect learning theory and machine learning directly to model‐based systems engineering practices. A general systems learning theory would show how general learning processes relate to general systems and, when applied to particular systems, could reveal how particular learning processes relate to particular systems. Condition‐based maintenance and actuators for context to discuss these concepts.
AI as Systems Engineering Augmented Intelligence for Systems Engineers
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAI technology's rapid development has led to various arguments for SE for AI, as well as AI for systems engineering. This article argues for and illustrates a third perspective — AI as systems engineering. A conceptual architecture articulates employing AI as an assistant systems engineering engineer. This cognitive assistant understands systems engineering concepts, principles, methods, and tools as well as the workflows and preferences of the particular supported engineer. The vision is a cognitive assistant understanding your domain, your current intentions, and you.
Connecting experiences of community shared responsibility and collective competence to the well‐being of adults in military families
Authors: O'Neal Catherine W. , Mancini Jay A. , Bowen Gary L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrawing from the social organization theory of action and change, the role of community‐capacity elements (shared responsibility and collective competence) for military members' and their civilian spouses' well‐being is examined. With data from 266 active‐duty military families, military members and their spouses are classified by theory‐based community‐capacity type. A path analysis examines associations between community types, elements of military context (rank and transitions), and dimensions of well‐being (anxiety, depressive symptoms, self‐efficacy, life satisfaction). There were few variations in community capacity across rank and transitions. For military members' and their civilian spouses, community types were differentially associated with well‐being, particularly in disengaged and synergetic communities. Well‐being was generally highest for those in synergistic communities (high shared responsibility and collective competence) and lowest in disengaged communities (low shared responsibility and collective competence). Findings inform intervention and prevention efforts seeking to activate communities as a mechanism for fostering well‐being.
Assessment of risk factors, and racial and ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Thylur Ramesh P , Roy Sanjit K , Shrivastava Anju , LaVeist Thomas A , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite improved screening and surveillance guidelines, significant race/ethnicity‐specific disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continue to exist and disproportionately affect minority and disadvantaged populations. This trend indicates that social determinants, genetic, and environmental factors are driving the epidemic at the population level. Race and geography had independent associations with risk of mortality among patients with HCC. The present review discusses the risk factors and issues related to disparities in HCC. The underlying etiologies for these disparities are complex and multifactorial. Some of the risk factors for developing HCC include hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition, population genetics; socioeconomic and health care access; treatment and prevention differences; and genetic, behavioral, and biological influences can contribute to HCC. Acculturation of ethnic minorities, insurance status, and access to health care may further contribute to the observed disparities in HCC. By increasing awareness, better modalities for screening and surveillance, improving access to health care, and adapting targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions, disparities in HCC outcomes can be reduced or eliminated.
An uncommon cause of early infantile liver disease and raised chitotriosidase
Authors: Sreekantam Srividya , Rizvi Hina , Brown Rachel , Santra Saikat , Raiman Julian , Vijay Suresh , Mckiernan Patrick J. , Gupte Girish L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur subject presented at 11 months of age, following a varicella zoster infection, with acute on chronic liver disease and was found to have raised serum chitotriosidase. White cell enzyme analysis for Gaucher, Niemann Pick A, B and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency were normal. Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease was considered as a provisional diagnosis and liver transplantation assessment deferred until recovery from varicella and results of mutational analysis of NPC gene were available. Liver biopsy at a later date showed findings suggestive of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IV but he was too unstable for an urgent liver transplantation and sadly passed away at the age of 13 months. The classic hepatic subtype of glycogen storage disorder type IV (GSD IV) is a rare metabolic cause of early‐onset liver disease and raised chitotriosidase. There are very few reports of raised chito in GSD IV. Liver transplantation has a favourable outcome for the hepatic subtype of GSD IV and early diagnosis in our subject could have potentially altered the outcome.
Optimal INR level in patients with atrial fibrillation with EHRA type 2 valvular heart disease receiving warfarin
Authors: Luengsupabul Sirote , Methavigul Komsing , Methavigul Ratikorn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there has been no study that compares the efficacy and safety of warfarin in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with Evaluated Heartvalves, Rheumatic or Artificial (EHRA) type 2 valvular heart disease (VHD). This study was conducted to determine the optimal INR in these patients.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled AF patients with EHRA type 2 VHD receiving warfarin in Central Chest Institute of Thailand between January 2016 and December 2018. The incidence density of thromboembolic or bleeding events was calculated. The International normalized ratio (INR) was classified into six groups (less than 1.50, 1.50 to 1.99, 2.00 to 2.49, 2.50 to 2.99, 3.00 to 3.49, and 3.50 or more). The optimal INR level was defined as the lowest incidence density of thromboembolic events and bleeding complications.ResultsA total of 200 AF patients with EHRA type 2 VHD receiving warfarin were enrolled, contributing to 289 patient‐years of observation period. There were 13 thromboembolic events (4.5 per 100 patient‐years) and 16 bleeding events (5.5 per 100 patient‐years). The incidence density of thromboembolic events was significantly increased in the INR level below 2.00 (P = .03), while the INR level of 3.50 or more was significantly increased in the incidence density of major bleeding events (P = .03). Total bleeding and minor bleeding were increased significantly in INR level of 2.50 or more (P = .04).ConclusionsThe INR of 2.00 to 2.49 was appeared to be associated with the lowest incidence density of thromboembolic and bleeding events in these patients.
Marking axillary nodes with 4% carbon microparticle suspension before neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves sentinel node identification rate and axillary staging
Authors: Spautz Cleverton Cesar , Schunemann Junior Eduardo , Budel Lucas Roskamp , Cavalcanti Tereza Cristina Santos , Louveira Maria Helena , Junior Plinio Gasperin , Nissen Leonardo Paese , Sobreiro Bernardo Passos , Dória Maíra Teixeira , Urban Cicero Andrade , Budel Vinicius Milani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMarking positive lymph nodes (LNs) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may improve the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of marking LNs with 4% carbon microparticle suspension (CMS) before NAC and to evaluate if this technique would improve the SLNB identification rate.MethodsA prospective study of patients with cT1‐T4, cN1‐N2 breast cancer who underwent US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of suspected LNs and concomitant marking with 4% CMS was performed. After NAC, LNs marked with 4% CMS and those marked with Patent Blue V dye (PBV) were identified and resected.ResultsOf the 123 patients included, 74 (60.1%) had positive LNs at FNAB. During axillary surgery, 4% CMS was identified in 121 of 123 patients (98.3%) and blue sentinel LNs in 91% (112 of 123 patients) (P = .0103). Comparing isolated results of PBV and 4%CMS + PBV, the association was better in identifying positive LNs (72.2% vs 97.7%) (P = .02).ConclusionThe association of 4% CMS and PBV is feasible and significantly increased the identification rate of positive LNs. 4% CMS may play an important role as a complementary technique in patients submitted to NAC.