Abstract 3405: PARP7 negatively regulates the type I interferon response in cancer cells and its inhibition leads to tumor regression
Authors: Gozgit Joseph M. , Vasbinder Melissa M. , Abo Ryan P. , Kunii Kaiko , Kuplast-Barr Kristy G. , Gui Bin , Lu Alvin Z. , Swinger Kerren K. , Wigle Tim J. , Blackwell Danielle J. , Majer Christina R. , Ren Yue , Niepel Mario , Varsamis Zacharenia A. , Nayak Sunaina P. , Bamberg Ellen , Mo Jan-Rung , Church William , Song Jeff , Utley Luke , Rao Patricia E. , Mitchison Timothy J. , Kuntz Kevin W. , Richon Victoria M. , Keilhack Heike 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Targeting cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways and the Type I interferon (IFN) response is an emerging therapeutic strategy being explored in oncology. PARP7 is a member of the monoPARP class of enzymes, which catalyze the transfer of single units of ADP-ribose onto substrates to change their function. PARP7 expression is increased by cellular stress and aromatic hydrocarbons, and the PARP7 gene is amplified in cancers, especially in those of the upper aerodigestive tract. PARP7 has also been reported to negatively regulate the Type I IFN response by interacting with TBK1 during viral infection. Herein, we identify PARP7 as a novel negative regulator of cytosolic nucleic acid sensing in tumor cells.
RBN-2397, is a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of PARP7 catalytic function. We identified a subset of cancers exhibiting dependency on PARP7 for proliferation and found that cell lines with higher baseline expression of interferon stimulated genes were more sensitive. We further show that inhibition of PARP7 by RBN-2397 restores Type I IFN signaling as demonstrated by the induction of STAT1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of genes enriched for Type I IFN signaling in NCI-H1373 lung cancer cells. We examined the antitumor effects of once daily orally administered RBN-2397 in SCID mice with subcutaneous NCIH1373 xenograft tumors and observed a dose-dependent effect of RBN-2397 on tumor growth, with regressions at dose levels ≥30 mg/kg. To evaluate the antitumor immune response in vivo, we administered RBN-2397 to CT26 tumor-bearing, immunocompetent BALB/c mice, and observed significant tumor growth inhibition at all dose levels with complete and durable regressions in a subset of mice. All of these tumor-free mice rejected a challenge of injected CT26 cells, but were able to develop 4T1 tumors, demonstrating induction of tumor-specific adaptive immune memory. The antitumor effects of RBN-2397 were further enhanced when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD1. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout either TBK1 or IFNAR1 in CT26 cells, we demonstrated that RBN-2397 antitumor immunity is dependent on the effects of tumor-derived Type I interferon on immune cells.
Here, we show for the first time that cancer cells use PARP7 to suppress the Type I IFN response to cytosolic nucleic acids. We have discovered and developed RBN-2397, a first-in-class, potent and selective inhibitor of PARP7. We show RBN-2397 restores Type I IFN signaling in the tumor, causes complete tumor regressions and adaptive immunity in murine models. RBN-2397 is the first agent to enter clinical trials that targets this tumor-intrinsic vulnerability.
Citation Format: Joseph M. Gozgit, Melissa M. Vasbinder, Ryan P. Abo, Kaiko Kunii, Kristy G. Kuplast-Barr, Bin Gui, Alvin Z. Lu, Kerren K. Swinger, Tim J. Wigle, Danielle J. Blackwell, Christina R. Majer, Yue Ren, Mario Niepel, Zacharenia A. Varsamis, Sunaina P. Nayak, Ellen Bamberg, Jan-Rung Mo, William Church, Jeff Song, Luke Utley, Patricia E. Rao, Timothy J. Mitchison, Kevin W. Kuntz, Victoria M. Richon, Heike Keilhack. PARP7 negatively regulates the type I interferon response in cancer cells and its inhibition leads to tumor regression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3405.