bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Protein Requirement of Juvenile Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)
Authors: Yan Xiaobo , Yang Junjiang , Dong Xiaohui , Tan Beiping , Zhang Shuang , Chi Shuyan , Yang Qihui , Liu Hongyu , Yang Yuanzhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of subject was to explore the optimum protein requirement of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the test, 450 juveniles with an average weight of (10.02 ± 0.22) g were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were repeated 3 times, and were fed with 350 g/kg, 400 g/kg, 450 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg iso-lipid test diet twice one day for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that: 1) As protein levels rose, the body weight gain rate and specific growth rate first increased and then reduced, while the feed coefficient rate first decreased and then increased, while the protein efficiency significantly decreased. 2) As protein levels rose, the condition factor, hepaticsomatic index and visceralsomatic index significantly reduced. 3) With the raising of protein level, the crude protein content of whole fish and muscle gradually increased, while the crude lipid content gradually decreased. 4) High-protein diet (550-600g/kg) significantly increased the plasma total protein content and decreased the triglyceride content of orange-spotted grouper. 5) Compared with the 350 g/kg group, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg, 600 g/kg groups significantly increased the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in liver. 6) As protein levels rose, the protease activity of intestine first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the protein level of 500 g/kg, while lipase and amylase decreased significantly. 7) The activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in the liver increased first and then decreased with the increasing of protein level, and reached the maximum in the 400 g/kg protein group. According to the analysis specific growth rate, the optimum protein level of juvenile orange-spotted grouper is 521.84 g/kg.
Comparison Between Selective Caudal Fixed Screw Construct and All Variable Screw Construct in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yang Jae Jun , Park Sehan , Park Seongyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This retrospective comparative study aimed to compare the efficacy of selective caudal fixed screw constructs with all variable screw constructs in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent surgery using selective caudal fixed screw construct (SF group) were compared with 44 patients who underwent surgery using all variable constructs (AV group). The fusion rate, subsidence, adjacent level ossification development (ALOD), adjacent segmental disease (ASD), and plate-adjacent disc space distance were assessed.Results: The one-year fusion rates assessed by computed tomography bone bridging and interspinous motion as well as the significant subsidence rate did not differ significantly between the AV and SF groups. The ALOD and ASD rates and plate-adjacent disc space distances did not significantly differ between the two groups at both the cranial and caudal adjacent levels. The number of operated levels was significantly associated with pseudarthrosis in the logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: The stability provided by the locking mechanism of the fixed screw did not lead to an increased fusion rate at the caudal level. Therefore, the screw type should be selected based on individual patient’s anatomy and surgeon’s experience without concern for increased complications caused by screw type.
Quality and Methodology of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Antiviral Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 During the Early Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Mejza Filip , Lesniak Wiktoria , Jaeschke Roman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite availability of reliable guidelines development methods, the risk of producing less reliable documents may be higher when the guidelines are developed rapidly and high-quality evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the ways in which such documents, dealing with antiviral therapy, were developed in the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic and assess if recommendations were supported by evidence.MethodsWe performed the search for guidelines or similar documents, published before the results of any randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 treatment were available, that considered antiviral therapies and contained a recommendations for clinicians. The quality of the guidelines was assessed using the AGREE II-Global Rating Scale Instrument and series of dichotomous criteria based on the domain 3 of the AGREE II tool. We analyzed variables associated with the presence of recommendations, including strong ones, for antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2. Results The analysis included 40 publications, of which we classified 17 as clinical practice guidelines and 23 – as guidance or statements. The median of quality of documents assessed with the AGREE II-GRS tool (overall quality assessment on a scale ranging from 1-7) was 2.0 (IQR 1.5–2.5). Most documents did not fulfill the rigour of guideline development quality criteria. The AGREE II-GRS scores did not differ significantly across the type of the document, issuing institution and the mode of publication. Overall, 62.5% of documents provided recommendations for the use of antiviral medications despite apparent lack of sufficient evidence supporting such treatments. Documents that contained recommendations supporting antiviral drug use tended to be of lower quality than those without such recommendations. Of the included documents, 75% were not updated within the 2 months after the publication of the first randomized controlled trial on COVID-19 antiviral therapy. ConclusionsMost guidelines or guidance documents published during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were of poor quality, contained recommendations for the use of antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite only very low quality of evidence available, and were not updated on a regular basis. This information may be of value during this or future pandemics.
10-hydroxy-2E-decenoic Acid (10HDA) is not a Caste-differentiation Factor in Melipona Scutellaris Stingless Bees
Authors: Borges Luiza , Batista Letícia , Malta Serena , Rodrigues Tamiris , Silva Jéssica , Venturini Gabriela , Pereira Alexandre , Guedes Pedro , Ueira-Vieira Carlos , Bonetti Ana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In bees from genus Melipona, differential feeding is not enough to fully explain female polyphenism. In these bees, there is a hypothesis that in addition to the environmental component (food), a genetic component is also involved caste differentiation regulation. This mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated and may involve epigenetic and metabolic regulation. Here, we analysed the expression of the genes encoding histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC4 and histone acetyltransferase KAT2A in Melipona scutellaris. We also investigated the metabolic profile of larvae and larval food to search for putative queen-fate inducing compounds. Finally, we assessed the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor 10-hydroxy-2E-decenoic acid (10HDA) - the major lipid component of royal jelly and hence a putative regulator of honeybee caste differentiation - on Melipona caste differentiation. The hdac1, hdac4 and kat2a transcripts were expressed at all stages, with fluctuations in developmental stages and castes, which may be related to endocrine regulation. We did not identify the putative caste-differentiation factors, geraniol and 10HDA. Also, 10HDA was unable to promote differentiation in queens. Our results suggest that epigenetic and hormonal regulations act synergistically for drive caste differentiation in Melipona and that 10HDA is not a caste-differentiation factor in Melipona scutellaris.
The Effect of Down Syndrome Biochemical Markers on Predicting Severity of Preeclampsia
Authors: OZBAN AYSE 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine whether it is possible to predict preeclampsia by comparing postpartum results and test results of the pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia, whose first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and to demonstrate the predictability of severity and week of onset.Background: 204 patients underwent renal transplantation in our center and 84 of them were female. Five of our patients (one of them had two births) gave birth to a total of 6 pregnancies.Method: 135 patients were diagnosed with preeclampsia and their first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and 366 control participants gave birth to a healthy baby between 37-41 weeks after standard follow-up period for pregnancy and their screening tests were also accessible.Results: The study results show that the first trimester maternal serum PAPP-A level is significantly low in preeclamptic pregnant women, and that the second trimester maternal serum AFP and hCG levels are significantly high and uE3 levels are significantly low The results also suggest that the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers can be used in preeclampsia screening.Conclusion: Among these markers, uE3 is the parameter which affects the possibility of preeclampsia the most. However, the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers are not effective in predicting the severity and onset week of preeclampsia.
Adsorption of EDCs On Reclaimed Water-Irrigated Soils: A Comparative Analysis of A Branched Nonylphenol, Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Jiao Wentao , Li Xiaoou , Liang Cunzhen , Wu Wenyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are two typical endocrine disrupter chemicals (EDCs) in the reclaimed water. The adsorptions of NP, a branched NP (NP7) and BPA on reclaimed water-irrigated soils were studied by isothermal experiments, and the different environmental factors on their adsorptions were investigated. The results showed that the adsorptions of NP and NP7 on soils conformed to Linear model, and the adsorption of BPA conformed to Freundlich model. The adsorptions of NP, NP7 and BPA on soils decreased with the increasing temperatures and pHs, while increased with the cation valence. Adsorption equilibrium constant (Kd or Kf) were maximum at pH=3, temperature 25℃ and As (Ⅲ)-soil, respectively; The adsorption capacity of NP, NP7, and BPA to soils increased in accordance with cation valence: trivalent cations > divalent cations > mono- cations. Kd of NP7 on soil was less than that of NP under the different pH and temperatures; while under different cations concentrations, it was inverse. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) analysis showed alkyl chains of NP and BPA seemed to form van der Waals interactions with the cavity of soil. Results of this study will provide further comprehensive fundamental data for human health risk assessment of nonylphenol in the soil.
LY900009 Regulates&nbsp;RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and&nbsp;LPS-Induced Bone Resorption
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhao Congyun , Zhao Yi , Zhou Yuan , Wang Lei , Hang Donghua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate the suppressive function of LY900009, a potent-secretase inhibitor, on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The cytotoxicity of LY900009 was evaluated. The suppressive effect and possible molecular mechanism of LY900009 on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of LY900009 was 2.93 mM. LY900009 treatment at different doses (100 nM, 200 nM, and 400 nM) effectively reduced osteoclast formation (number and arear) in a dose-dependent manner. The qPCR result shows that LY900009 attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and NFATc1 protein expression. The in vivo experiments demonstrated the inhibitory effect of LY900009 on LPS-induced bone resorption. LY900009 could potently inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by down-regulating Notch/MAPK/Akt - mediated NFATc1 reduction in vitro. In accordance with the in vitro observations, we confirmed that LY900009 attenuated LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Notch was a potential therapeutic target which could be used for osteolytic diseases treatment.
Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance
Authors: Liu Yuhang , He Zhongqun , Xie Yongdong , Su Lihong , Zhang Ruijie , Wang Haixia , Li Chunyan , Long Shengju 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of&nbsp;Streptococcus Mutans Isolated From Dental Caries
Authors: Hossain Md. , Alam Sadab , Nibir Yead , Tusty Tahrima , Bulbul Sayyeed , Islam Mirajul , Hossain Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus mutans, considered as principal causative agent of dental caries, maintains a biofilm lifestyle in the dental plaque. The oral cavity harbors numerous S. mutans strains which displayed remarkable genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This study evaluated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of S. mutans strains isolated from patients with dental caries and compared with the universal reference strain UA159.Methods: Selective cultivation on mitis-salivaries-bacitracin agar and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to isolate and identify the 209 S. mutans isolates from 336 patients with dental caries. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), PCR amplification of specific gene, acid production, biofilm formation capacity, and deferred antagonism bacteriocin assay were performed to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic variation. All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Our study revealed a high degree of genotypic and phenotypic variability among the clinical strains. We observed significant differences in colony morphology, generation time, biofilm formation, bacteriocin and acid production while growing in culture medium. All the clinical isolates were able to lower pH while growing in Todd-Hewitt broth. Consistent with phenotypic variations, we also observed genotypic variation by AP-PCR and gene specific PCR. AP-PCR analysis suggested that most of the patients with dental caries have distinct type of S. mutans strains. Genes related to various two component systems were highly conserved among the isolated strains, however, bacteriocin encoding genes such as nlmAB, nlmC were absent in nearly half of the clinical isolates.Conclusions: Our study highlights the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of S. mutans clinical isolates and indicates the presence of diverse mechanism to initiate and establish the biofilm lifestyle which leads to tooth decay.
Over Use of Ionisation Radiation Imaging With Paediatric Head Trauma
Authors: Gharaibeh Ahmad , Gharaibeh Mahmoud , Alwadiya Ahmed , Cellar Robert , Lackova Antonia , Filip Vladimir , Mitro Istvan , Lacko Marek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Is to determinate the incidence of paediatric head trauma age 0-17 years in our region in central Europe and the number of radiographic images done for paediatric patients to make a data base for further researches, to be effective in investigating, controlling, and preventing head trauma in our population and to study the real need of radiographic images: Methods: This is a retrospective study from the records of children with head trauma seen at the trauma clinics during the year 2018 Results: There were 3261 attendees recorded in paediatric age groups 0-17 years in 2018. 1168 paediatric patients presented with trauma to the head. 831 (36%) with simple injuries of the head, 295 (23.3%) with wounds in head area, 17 (1.5%) children had fractures, 23 (2%) had concussion and 2 (0.2%) patients had intracranial haematoma. 1097 (93.9%) children with head trauma were imaged by X ray (1032 patients) and CT scan (65 patients) in accordance with local guidelines for head trauma management. The percentage of patients in need of radiation is only 3.42%.Conclusion: Most head trauma in children was minor and not associated with brain injury. The radiation is over used in diagnosis of paediatric head trauma
COVID19 Pandemic: How Effective Are Interventive Control Measures and Is A Complete Lockdown Justified? A Comparison of Countries and States
Authors: Fuss Franz Konstantin , Weizman Yehuda , Tan Adin Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background For fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, countries used control measures of different severity, from ‘relaxed’ to lockdown. Drastic lockdown measures are considered more effective, but also have a negative impact on the economy. When comparing the financial value of lost lives to the losses of an economic disaster, the better option seems to be lockdown measures.Methods We developed a new parameter, the effectiveness of control measures, calculated from the 2nd time derivative of daily case data, and normalised to the average of the daily case data during the effective phase; and also calculated from the derivative of the logarithm of the reproductive number. We calculated this parameter and two associated parameters, i.e. effectiveness, duration of effective phase, and ratio of the 2 former parameters, for 92 countries, states and provinces, whose effective phase ended the latest on 15 May 2020. We compared these effectiveness parameters, and also the mortality during and after the effective phase, for countries with and without lockdown measures by means of the Mann-Whitney test.Results We did not find any statistically significant difference in the three effectiveness parameters, between countries with and without lockdown (p > 0.76; very small effect size). There was also no significant difference in mortality during the effective phase (p > 0.1; very small to small effect sizes), however a significant difference after the effective phase, with higher mortality for lockdown countries. The effectiveness parameter derived from the daily case data correlated well with the parameter derived from the reproductive number (R2 = 0.9480). The average duration of the effective phase was 17.3 ± 10.5 days.Conclusions The results indicate that lockdown measures are not necessarily superior to relaxed measures, which in turn are not necessarily a recipe for failure. Relaxed measures are, however, more economy-friendly. The higher mortality of lockdown countries is explained from the fact that, in our database, more lockdown countries than no-lockdown countries have higher mortality already during the effective phase that became significant only after the effective phase.
Decellularized Dermis Extracellular Matrix Alloderm as a Scaffold for Biological Engineered Blood Vessels
Authors: Patel Bijal , Saliganan Dan , Rteil Ali , Kabbani Loay , Lam Mai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ideal engineered vascular graft would utilize human-derived materials to minimize foreign body response and tissue rejection. Current biological engineered blood vessels (BEBVs) inherently lack the structure required for implantation. Current methods of mechanical conditioning to encourage extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition requires weeks to months, impeding translation. We hypothesized that an ECM scaffold would provide the structure needed. Skin dermis ECM is commonly used in reconstructive surgeries, is commercially available and is FDA-approved. We evaluated the commercially available decellularized skin dermis ECM called Alloderm for its efficacy in providing structure to biological engineered blood vessels. Alloderm was seeded with fibroblast cells typically found in the adventitia during integration into our lab’s unique protocol for generating BEBVs. To assess structure, tissue mechanics were analyzed. Standard BEBVs without Alloderm exhibited a tensile strength of 67.9 ± 9.78 kPa, whereas Alloderm integrated BEBVs showed a significant increase in strength to 1500 ± 334 kPa. In comparison, native vessel strength is 1430 ± 604 kPa. Burst pressure reached 51.3 ± 2.19 mmHg. Total collagen and fiber maturity were significantly increased due to the presence of the scaffolding material. These results demonstrate the success of Alloderm to provide structure to BEBVs in an effective way.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Seclusion and Restraint in Old-age Psychiatry Inpatient Units
Authors: Chieze Marie , Kaiser Stefan , Courvoisier Delphine , Hurst Samia , Sentissi Othman , Fredouille Jérôme , Wullschleger Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives Coercion in psychiatry is legally tolerated as a last resort. The reduction of the use of coercion is a shared goal of hospital administrators, medical and nursing staff and representatives of patients and families but requires the identification of risk factors for coercion. These risk factors in geriatric psychiatric inpatient settings are not well known, especially regarding seclusion. Through examining the prevalence of coercion and patients’ characteristics, this study aims to identify risk factors for coercion in elderly people.Methods The use of coercion in the geriatric psychiatry division of Geneva University Hospital in 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. The incidence rate ratios were estimated with multivariable Poisson regressions to assess risk factors for coercion. Results Eighty-one of 494 patients (16.4%) experienced at least one coercive measure during their stay (mainly seclusion). The risk factors for coercion were younger age, male gender, being divorced or married, cognitive disorders, high item 1 of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) score (overactive, aggressive, disruptive or agitated behavior) at admission, previous psychiatric hospitalizations and involuntary referrals from the emergency department. Other disorders and global HoNOS scores were not associated with the use of coercion.Conclusion Higher risks of coercion were outlined in men with cognitive disorders, agitated behaviors, and previous psychiatric hospitalizations. They differed from those observed in younger adults in terms of age, civil status, disorders, global HoNOS scores and referrals. Therefore, geriatric psychiatric populations should be specifically investigated for the development of interventions aiming coercion reduction.