bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of laser engraving quality on paper
Authors: Lei Xiaofei , Liu Shanhui , Wu Nan , Ge Yao , Hou Heping , Liu Peng 
Published: February 2020

Laser engraving technology is a type of laser processing technology, widely used for product coding, marking, and so on. A large amount of research has reported the results of metal surface engraving; however, few research results, to the best of our knowledge, have provided theoretical support for the application of paper packaging laser engraving. In this paper, the quality of paper laser engraving is investigated by experimental methods. First, various phenomena appearing in paper carving were studied, including plant fiber burning, charcoal, and edge marks; second, the main factors affecting the quality of laser engraving are researched, and the influence of laser intensity and the preset width of carving marks on the engraving quality are discussed. The results show that the engraving precision is the best when the laser power is 11 W and the preset width is small (0.26 mm). Finally, the laser engraving precision of UV coated paper is studied, and the effect of UV material melting and secondary crystallization on engraving the quality of paper laser engraving quality is discussed. When the laser power is small, the maximum and minimum values of UV film melting and secondary crystallization engraving trace are relatively small as well; further, when the laser power increases, the maximum width of engraving is basically consistent with the preset width, and the precision of laser engraving is optimal.
Compact dual-wavelength blue-green laser for airborne ocean detection lidar
Authors: Ma Jian , Lu Tingting , He Yan , Jiang Zhengyang , Hou Chunhe , Li Kaipeng , Liu Fanghua , Zhu Xiaolei , Chen Weibiao 
Published: February 2020

We have demonstrated a dual-wavelength blue-green laser for airborne ocean lidar based on an all-solid-state master oscillator power amplifier and nonlinear frequency conversion methods. A

Q

-switched pulsed laser with 10 mJ energy at 1064 nm was amplified to 108 mJ by a Nd:YAG amplifier side pumped by vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modules. This fundamental laser was then frequency tripled to 355 nm wavelength by lithium triborate (LBO) crystals. With maximum pump energy of 43.5 mJ at 355 nm, 9.6 mJ of blue laser pulse at 486.1 nm was successfully obtained from an optical parametric oscillator unit using two beta-barium borate crystals. The energy of the residual 532 nm laser pulse was 10.6 mJ. Equipped with this laser system, an airborne blue-green lidar was developed, and ocean detection was carried out in the South China Sea, where an optical vertical profile at seawater depth of 94 m was obtained.
Interband cascade laser absorption of hydrogen chloride for high-temperature thermochemical analysis of fire-resistant polymer reactivity
Authors: Pineda Daniel I. , Urban James L. , Mitchell Spearrin R. 
Published: February 2020

A mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy technique has been developed to quantitatively and spatially resolve gas temperature and molecular abundance of

1

H

35

C
l

in the high-temperature pyrolysis and oxidation layers of chlorinated polymers. Two transitions in the R-branch of the fundamental vibrational band of HCl near 3.34 µm are selected due to their relative strength and spectral isolation from other combustion products at elevated temperatures, and they are probed using a distributed feedback interband cascade laser. A scanned-wavelength direct absorption method is employed with a Voigt line-fitting routine to recover projected absorbance areas across the exit plane of a cylindrical polymeric slab, wherein the gaseous core comprises the axisymmetric reaction layer. Tikhonov-regularized Abel inversion of the projected absorbance areas yields line-integrated radial absorption coefficients, from which a two-line ratio is used to infer a radially resolved temperature between the gas core and solid polymer surface. The method is demonstrated to provide insights into the gas-phase combustion physics that lead to the formation of toxicants when a fire-resistant polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is burned in the presence of oxygen. Two-dimensional images were generated by assembling multiple tomographic reconstructions for several cylinder lengths. The quantitative images highlight the technique’s ability to characterize the thermochemical evolution and toxicant formation during the burning of a halogenated polymer fuel.
Recirculating Memories of the Presidents as Benevolent Slaveholders on Presidential Slavery Tours
Authors: Fitzmaurice Megan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how slavery tours on the former estates of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison negotiate memories of the presidents as historically revered figures and prominent slaveholders. I argue that these tours recirculate benevolent memories of the presidents that work to sanitize the sites’ slave history and venerate the founders’ legacy. My analysis demonstrates that these tours do not just work to recirculate artifacts and narratives that speak to the presidents’ lives, but they revive a republican culture of remembrance from the nineteenth century through which to justify presidential actions and beliefs. In short, I suggest that this rhetorical negotiation helps craft new narratives of historical U.S. slavery and the early presidents’ lives that appear both more credible and less disturbing.
Odpowiedzialność rodziny za dar życia ludzkiego
Authors: Pryba Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

Życie ludzkie jest zagrożone. We współczesnym świecie dochodzi do konfrontacji pomiędzy „kulturą życia” i „kulturą śmierci”. Jak w tym kontekście powinien zachować się człowiek?Winien on opowiedzieć się po stronie życia. Taka postawa wynika z prawdy, że twórcą życia ludzkiego i jego natury jest sam Bóg. Człowiek jako mężczyzna i kobieta otrzymał szczególne powołanie do życia w małżeństwie i rodzinie. To w nim ma dokonywać się tworzenie wspólnoty życia i miłości. Małżeństwo bowiem jest fundamentem dla rodziny. Rodzicielstwo z kolei winno być owocem wzajemnego osobowego obdarowania małżonków oraz ich współdziałania z Bogiem Stwórcą. Decyzja rodzicielska natomiast winna być wewnętrznym elementem małżeńskiego dialogu.Realizacja Bożego zamysłu wobec małżeństwa i rodziny prowadzi do szacunku dla ludzkiego życia oraz odpowiedzialności za nie.
Restoring the image: The confessor and the challenge of pornography
Authors: DeLadurantaye Paul 
Published: February 2020

Increasingly, many confessors are confronted with penitents who have become involved with pornography. This article provides some statistics illustrating the scope of pornography and then analyzes the harm that pornography causes, both to the dignity of the human person and in relation to the virtues of chastity and justice. The article invites confessors to help penitents understand that involvement with pornography is more than simply breaking a commandment, but rather affects a penitent’s capacity for self-giving and thus one’s authentic emotional and spiritual growth. Confessors should guide penitents who struggle with this issue to cultivate the true vision of human love in place of the distorted image offered by pornographic material. The confessor should be prepared to turn a penitent’s attention to effective spiritual remedies as well as in some cases suggesting a penitent seek professional assistance so that the authentic image of God may be restored and the penitent be helped to attain true freedom from the vice of pornography.
Representational Neural Mapping of Dexterous Grasping Before Lifting in Humans
Authors: Marneweck Michelle , Grafton Scott T. 
Published: February 2020

The ability of humans to reach and grasp objects in their environment has been the mainstay paradigm for characterizing the neural circuitry driving object-centric actions. Although much is known about hand shaping, a persistent question is how the brain orchestrates and integrates the grasp with lift forces of the fingers in a coordinated manner. The objective of the current study was to investigate how the brain represents grasp configuration and lift force during a dexterous object-centric action in a large sample of male and female human subjects. BOLD activity was measured as subjects used a precision-grasp to lift an object with a center of mass (CoM) on the left or right with the goal of minimizing tilting the object. The extent to which grasp configuration and lift force varied between left and right CoM conditions was manipulated by grasping the object collinearly (requiring a non-collinear force distribution) or non-collinearly (requiring more symmetrical forces). Bayesian variational representational similarity analyses on fMRI data assessed the evidence that a set of cortical and cerebellar regions were sensitive to grasp configuration or lift force differences between CoM conditions at differing time points during a grasp to lift action. In doing so, we reveal strong evidence that grasping and lift force are not represented by spatially separate functionally specialized regions, but by the same regions at differing time points. The coordinated grasp to lift effort is shown to be under dorsolateral (PMv and AIP) more than dorsomedial control, and under SPL7, somatosensory PSC, ventral LOC and cerebellar control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTClumsy disasters such as spilling, dropping, and crushing during our daily interactions with objects are a rarity rather than the norm. These disasters are avoided in part as a result of our orchestrated anticipatory efforts to integrate and coordinate grasping and lifting of object interactions, all before the lift of an object even commences. How the brain orchestrates this integration process has been largely neglected by historical approaches independently and solely focusing on reaching and grasping and the neural principles that guide them. Here, we test the extent to which grasping and lifting are represented in a spatially or temporally distinct manner and identified strong evidence for the consecutive emergence of sensitivity to grasping, then lifting within the same region.
Investigación y gestión documental en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica: 1973-2015
Authors: Ugalde Víquez Aracelly 
Published: February 2020

La celebración del cuadragésimo aniversario de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, fue un momento oportuno para analizar su aporte a la institución, a la formación de profesionales y a la sociedad costarricense. Este análisis de la investigación y de la creación del conocimiento generado tanto por el personal académico como por la población estudiantil en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional, corresponde al año de creación de la Universidad en 1973 hasta el 2015. Los datos utilizados fueron extraídos de las fuentes documentales originales y secundarias localizadas en los archivos y bibliotecas de esa casa de estudios universitarios y los informes de los Trabajos Finales de Graduación (TFG) presentados por el estudiantado de grado y de posgrado.
Así, se muestra el panorama del quehacer histórico y actual de la Facultad, las líneas de investigación, la coordinación entre la investigación realizada por los profesores y la de los estudiantes, también la relación con los planes estratégicos de cada una de las unidades académicas para la gestión de su quehacer y con esta información se pueda deducir el potencial de producción editorial. Se realizaron comparaciones entre los procesos de gestión y se evacuaron dudas actuales que responden a las preguntas: ¿cuáles son las líneas de investigación de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras?, ¿cuál es la fortaleza disciplinar que caracteriza el pensamiento en esta facultad?, ¿hay relación entre los temas estudiados por estudiantes y los proyectos del personal académico?, ¿quiénes son los autores que se estudiaron? y ¿cuáles son las publicaciones que conforman la memoria documental?
Effects of a Perpetrator’s Physical Attractiveness, Socioeconomic Status and Gender on Behaviour Perception of the Participants of Sexual Harassment Situations
Authors: Petrauskaitė Gabija , Čunichina Ksenija 
Published: February 2020

Sexual harassment is still a widespread problem in today’s modern society. Therefore, it is important to identify extralegal factors that shape society’s attitudes towards sexual harassment cases and why, sometimes, the victim of sexual harassment is being blamed for the situation. Most of the previous studies do not explore the causal relationship between the characteristics of the accused and the attitudes towards the cases. Moreover, the results of many existing studies are contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of sex, physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status (SES) of the perpetrator on the attitudes towards sexual harassment situations. A hundred seventy-nine respondents participated in the study. During the research, a fictional news report and situation assessment scale were used. It was found that only a perpetrator’s physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status had a statistically significant impact on the appraisal of the perpetrator and victim’s behavior in the situation. The physical attractiveness of the perpetrator resulted in a statistically significant positive appraisal of his behavior and a more negative appraisal of the victim’s behavior. SES only had a statistically significant impact on the appraisal of perpetrator’s behavior: when the perpetrator was of high SES, his behavior in a sexual harassment situation was perceived more negatively than that of low SES. Results of this research not only emphasize the importance of extralegal factors on the attitudes toward the sexual harassment victims and perpetrators among younger adults, but also indicates possible societal changes – diminished gender and opposite SES effects on the attitudes toward the aforementioned situations.
Colouristic criteria of S-matrix of the precarpathians brownish-podzolic gleyed soils
Authors: Nikorych V. A. , Chervonogrodska I. V. 
Published: February 2020

The scientific literature dedicated to the analysis of peculiarities of the soils colouring and interconnection the genetic horizons colour as well as separate morphological elements with their properties have been analyzed. The identification of colour of genetic horizons in 20 profiles of brownish-podzolic gleyed soils of Ukrainian and Polish Precarpathians has been conducted. The colour of investigated genetic horizons and separate morphological elements was determined according to both national and international systems. The analysis of the appropriateness of national approaches rejecting and usage of the Munsell scale as a primary method for determining the soil samples colour has been carried out. The results of the survey of the respondents with different professional training ascertained that visual determination of colour range within morphological description of the soil is completely subjective. The correctness of procedure depends on the experience of soil scientists and colour homogeneity of the soil sample. Using of the Munsell scale reduces the errors in the determination by 70–80 %, which allows recommending the very approach as the principal one for the field descriptions. Change of the investigated soils colour depending on the level of humidity has been established. The peculiarity of soil mass colour range depending on the aggregation and fractions size has been found out. Based on the colouristic analysis it has been confirmed that chemical and mineralogical composition is the main factor of heterogeneity of the investigated soils horizons colour. It has been found out that heterogeneity of the colour range, and the appearing of bleached zones (as the result of iron removing) and fine dust on the surface of the aggregations is associated with gleying processes, impulse redox regime and metamorfization of soil mass. It has been established that interdependence between the complex of statistical and fractal parameters, which indicates the relative optical heterogeneity of architectonics of the investigated soils ultra thin cuts which are characterized by optical heterogeneity on the macro-level. The processes of morphogenesis of self-similar elements of their architectonics cause the asymmetry and fluctuations of relative data and increasing of the half-width of the autocorrelation functions of orientation tomograms. Red and green shades are shown to be the basic components of the sample colour. Red ones are determined by red colour pigments, and the combination of red and green shades provides the formation of yellow tones. The possibility of data conversion from the Munsell system into the CIE-L*a*b* system with minor deviations has been shown. 2,5Y5 / 4 in Munsell system corresponds to the following data in the CIE-L*a*b* system: L* = 41,23; a* = 5,59; b* = 20,06 (manual calculation) and L* = 41,22, a* = 4,97, b* = 19,44 (automatic transfer using the computer program Munsell Conversion 4.01).
Forecasting the levels of chemical elements content in soils of different genesis for the assessment of their eco-energy status
Authors: Samokhvalova V. L. , Skrylnyk Y. V. , Lopushnyak V. I. , Shedey L. O. , Samokhvalova P. A. 
Published: February 2020

Grounded the new elaborated method for predicting of trace elements (TE) and heavy metals (HM) content in the soils of different genesis, which was elaborated by analysis the indicators parameters of their organic matter and energy characteristics in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine, also of contaminated and intensive fertilizer soils. The method aims for the assessment of soils ecological-energy state due to the installation of the new natural relations of indicators humus, energy and elemental status of soils of different types, as a result, expanding the range of diagnostic indicators with identifing their paired combinations and simultaneously increasing of informativeness, accuracy, express testing of chemical elements (TE, HM) predicting levels, energy and humus state of soils to predict and ecological regulation of their quality. The essence of the elaborated utility model – by the identify of new patterns of soil properties indicators and receive four matching pairs of humus (CGA/CFA, Ctotal), elemental and energy state (calorific value of humus, the reserves of energy in the soil layer of 0–20 cm) as soil indicators with the using of mathematical-statistical analysis of the obtained regression equations for the accurate determination is predicted the TE and HM content in soils of different types of background conditions, with the distribution algorithm of the method for different soil types in certain climate zones in the conditions of technogenic pollution and technological load, risk and the presence of man-made pollution to make timely management decisions. Elaborated method ensures the rapidity of the assessment and improves the accuracy of the TE/HM status prediction, energy and humus state of soils of different genesis with the identification of soils ecological differences to predict their quality by assessment of ecological functions for the ranking of energy intensity indicators of the soil. The method is applicable in the environmental regulation of TE and HM content, regulation of the loads (technogenic, technological) on a soil system, agroecology to address issues of biological agriculture, bio-energy and energy of soil formation; monitoring the quality of humus and the status TE and the dangers of excess accumulation of HM, in the soil humus indicators and /or energy state; efficient environmental management of soils, both in background conditions and with different anthropogenic impacts and in the research practice. Grounded the method was examined on the of soils simples in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine, contaminated soils in Kharkiv, Donetsk and Lugansk regions, and intensive fertilizer (organo-mineral, organic and mineral system of fertilizers) of soils in Kiev, Kharkiv, Poltava and Lviv region.
Еколого-біологічне обґрунтування ролі кремнієвих сполук у системі «ґрунт – рослина»
Authors: Chorna V. I. , Wagner I. V. , Voroshylova N. V. 
Published: February 2020

Обробка насіннєвого матеріалу – один з найбільш економічно вигідних прийомів підвищення продуктивності сільськогосподарських культур. У даний час поряд з препаратами, що традиційно використовуються для боротьби з хворобами та шкідниками, все частіше застосовують біологічно активні сполуки, здатні стимулювати ріст рослин, підвищувати їх стійкість до несприятливих факторів, збільшувати урожай і покращувати його якість. Досліджено вплив активних форм кремнієвих сполук (0,6 % та 1,0 % SiO2 ) на інтенсивність ростових процесів семидобового ячменю звичайного на педоземах на лесоподібному суглинку. Відбір зразків ґрунту проводився на дослідних ділянках науково-дослідного стаціонару з рекультивації земель Дніпровського державного аграрно-економічного університету (поблизу м. Покров Дніпропетровської області). За показниками довжини стебла та коренів ячменю звичайного розраховували індекс відношення довжини стебла до довжини кореня (І с/к). Установлено тенденцію посилення лінійного росту стебла та кореня при додаванні активних форм кремнію. Показано, що ячмінь звичайний є ефективним фітотестером для техногенно-порушених ґрунтів. Установлено позитивний вплив кремнієвмісних сполук на продуктивність сільськогосподарських культур.
Протеазна активність урбаноземів Харківської області за умов вирощування міскантусу гігантського
Authors: Tsapko Yu. L. , Kholodna A. S. 
Published: February 2020

У роботі наведено результати визначення протеазної активності деградованих маргінальних земель, а саме – урбаноземів Харківської області за умов вирощування на них енергетичної культури другого покоління міскантусу гігантського. Культивування цієї багаторічної злакової культури сприяє збільшенню активності ферменту протеази, що, в свою чергу, слугує поштовхом до введення антропогенно деградованих ґрунтів в енергетичний сектор виробництва не тільки з метою отримання відносно дешевої та екологічно чистої сировини, але й для біологічної рекультивації маргінальних земель. На досліджуваних урбаноземних ґрунтах активність протеази підвищилась на ділянках з міскантусом гігантським, порівняно з чистим контролем. Установлено, що біологічна рекультивація шляхом вирощування міскантусу гігантського найбільш ефективна на урбаноземі літоземному.
Avaliação do efeito protetor e curativo da Punica granatum Lin. no processo de cicatrização tecidual em queimaduras induzidas em mucosas de ratos
Authors: Silva de Araújo João Epaminondas , Farias de Oliveira Ericlene , Carlan Leonardo Magalhães , Martins Fernanda Bastos , Morais Maria de Lourdes Da Silva Arruda 
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito protetor e curativo no processo de cicatrização tecidual, da ingestão do suco da polpa e da ação local do chá do fruto da Punica granatum L; em queimaduras induzidas em dorso da língua de ratos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo e experimental, realizado em 48 ratos machos Wistar, idade entre 60 a 65 dias e peso médio 275g. A amostra foi dividida em 02 grupos A e B, onde o A avaliava o efeito protetor da Punica granatum e B seu efeito curativo após queimadura. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 04 subgrupos e receberam os seguintes tratamentos (A1 água destilada), (B1 controle), (A2 e B2: chá em forma tópica), (A3 e B3: chá tópico e suco via gavagem) e (A4 e B4: suco via gavagem). Durante o experimento, foi realizada análise clinica da contração da ferida no 7°. e 14° dias após a indução da lesão, nos subgrupos dos grupos A e B. Resultados: Todos os subgrupos apresentaram contração da ferida, sendo que no 7° dia o subgrupo A2 obteve contração mais intensa e no 14° a contração mais intensa da ferida foi observada nos subgrupos A2 e B2. Conclusão: Os tratamentos protetor e curativo com chá (A2/B2) apresentaram clinicamente e estatisticamente uma média percentual de contração da ferida superior a todos os outros tratamentos.