bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging Care: Professionally Not Knowing What Good Care Is
Authors: McKearney Patrick 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA dominant trope in the anthropology of care—of revealing a practice to be, despite our moral intuitions to the contrary, really a form of care—limits our understanding of the dynamic processes whereby care’s morality is established in practice. In the British care sector the ideal of care is clear: avoiding coercion and neglect. There are manifold rules designed to hold carers accountable to realizing it. But the rules do not reliably lead to the ideal. Rather, they leave undetermined an enormous amount for carers to fill in. In this setting, whether or not a worker's action becomes “caring” depends on far more than good intentions or following rules. The action's moral status rests, instead, on the contingencies of the relationship with the care recipient. We should refrain from entering into the evaluative work of rearranging the borders of good care in order to investigate how our informants themselves do this in the midst of care’s relational vicissitudes. Doing so enables us to attend to how debates about what constitutes good care are part of broader patterns by which moral responsibility is assigned and distributed within caring relationships.
A Postcolonial Critique of Community Energy: Searching for Community as Solidarity in India and Scotland
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Taylor Aiken Gerald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommunity renewable energy (CRE) represents a growing empirical and academic turn towards community‐based sustainability and climate change interventions. This paper brings together postcolonial theory and CRE for the first time to outline fundamental tensions in the conceptualisation and application of the idea of community. The understanding of community within the CRE discourse is largely: (1) location‐based; and/or (2) a community of choice that is consciously opted into. Driven by postcolonial theory, this paper counterpoises both as a form of community as contract against an idea of community as solidarity. Its central thesis is that actually existing community, contrary to how the bulk of CRE literature commonly understands it, is a combination of bonds of solidarity and emergent purposes. The paper conceptualises community as fluid bonds of solidarity that align and realign differently around different purposes.
Discovery of potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors through structure‐based virtual screening of an in‐house azole collection
Authors: Sari Suat , Barut Burak , Özel Arzu , Saraç Selma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, is considered a pandemic of modern times. α‐Glucosidase inhibitors emerged as a promising class of antidiabetic drugs with better tolerability compared with its alternatives. Azoles, although widely preferred in drug design, have scarcely been investigated for their potential against α‐glucosidase. In this study, we evaluated α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects 20 azole derivatives selected out of an in‐house collection via structure‐based virtual screening (VS) with consensus scoring approach. Seven compounds were identified with better IC50 values than acarbose (IC50 = 68.18 ± 1.01 µM), a well‐known α‐glucosidase inhibitor drug, which meant 35% success for our VS methodology. Compound 52, 54, 56, 59, and 81 proved highly potent with IC50 values in the range of 40–60 µM. According to the enzyme kinetics study, four of them were competitive, 56 was non‐competitive inhibitor. Structure‐activity relationships, quantum mechanical, and docking analyses showed that azole rings at ionized state may be key to the potency observed for the active compounds and modifications to shift the balance between the neutral and ionized states further to the latter could yield more potent derivatives.
BCL2 enhances survival of porcine pluripotent stem cells through promoting FGFR2
Authors: Zhu Zhenshuo , Pan Qin , Zhao Wenxu , Wu Xiaolong , Yu Shuai , Shen Qiaoyan , Zhang Juqing , Yue Wei , Peng Sha , Li Na , Zhang Shiqiang , Lei Anmin , Hua Jinlian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) is still a critical topic. However, all pPSCs were failed to contribute to efficient chimeric pig and were extremely sensitive to changes of culture conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of BCL2 in pPSCs and further explain the mechanism.Materials and MethodsPorcine BCL2 gene was cloned and overexpressed in porcine induce pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). Digital RNA‐seq was performed to explain the mechanism of anti‐apoptosis. Finally, the cells carrying BCL2 were injected into mouse early embryo to evaluate its chimeric ability.ResultsHere, we found that overexpression of porcine BCL2 gene significantly improved the survivability of piPSCs and the efficiency of embryonic chimerism, and did not wreck the pluripotency of piPSCs. Furthermore, the Digital RNA‐seq analysis revealed that BCL2, as a downstream gene of the PI3K signal pathway, enhanced the expression of PI3K signal pathway receptors, such as FGFR2, and further promoted oxidoreductases activity and lipid metabolism, thus maintaining the survival and pluripotency of piPSCs.ConclusionOur data not only suggested that porcine BCL2 gene could enhance the survivability and chimeric ability of pPSCs, but also explained the positive feedback mechanism in this process, providing strong support for the chimeric experiment of pPSCs.
FGF9 promotes mouse spermatogonial stem cell proliferation mediated by p38 MAPK signalling
Authors: Yang Fan , Whelan Eoin C. , Guan Xuebing , Deng Bingquan , Wang Shu , Sun Jiachen , Avarbock Mary R. , Wu Xin , Brinster Ralph L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesFibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is expressed by somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules, yet little information exists about its role in regulating spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).Materials and MethodsFgf9 overexpression lentivirus was injected into mouse testes, and PLZF immunostaining was performed to investigate the effect of FGF9 on spermatogonia in vivo. Effect of FGF9 on SSCs was detected by transplanting cultured germ cells into tubules of testes. RNA‐seq of bulk RNA and single cell was performed to explore FGF9 working mechanisms. SB203580 was used to disrupt p38 MAPK pathway. p38 MAPK protein expression was detected by Western blot and qPCR was performed to determine different gene expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down Etv5 gene expression in germ cells.ResultsOverexpression of Fgf9 in vivo resulted in arrested spermatogenesis and accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Exposure of germ cell cultures to FGF9 resulted in larger numbers of SSCs over time. Inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation negated the SSC growth advantage provided by FGF9. Etv5 and Bcl6b gene expressions were enhanced by FGF9 treatment. Gene knockdown of Etv5 disrupted the growth effect of FGF9 in cultured SSCs along with downstream expression of Bcl6b.ConclusionsTaken together, these data indicate that FGF9 is an important regulator of SSC proliferation, operating through p38 MAPK phosphorylation and upregulating Etv5 and Bcl6b in turn.
Left ventricle and mitral valve reverse remodeling in response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Yucel Evin , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Orencole Mary P. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Picard Michael H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left heart geometry and function in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP). We aimed to detail the effects of CRT on left ventricular (LV) and mitral valve (MV) remodeling using 2‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.MethodsForty‐five consecutive patients with NICMP who underwent CRT implantation between 2009 and 2012, and had pre‐CRT and follow‐up echocardiograms available, were included. Paired t test, linear and logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used for statistical assessment.ResultsThe mean age and QRS duration were 60 years and 157 ms, respectively, and 13 (28.9%) were female. At a mean follow‐up of 3 years, there were 22 (48.9%) “CRT responders” (≥15% reduction in LV end‐systolic volume index [LVESVi]). Significant improvements were observed in LV ejection fraction (26.3% vs 34.3%) and LVESVi (87.7 vs 71.1 mL/m2), as well as mitral regurgitation vena contracta width, MV tenting height and area, and end‐systolic interpapillary muscle distance. Five‐year actuarial survival was 87.5%. Multivariate regression analyses revealed the pre‐CRT LVESVi (β = 0.52), and MV coaptation length (β = −0.34) and septolateral annular diameter (β = 0.25) as good correlates of follow‐up LVESVi. Variables associated with CRT response were pre‐CRT MV coaptation length (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.0‐3.1) and posterior leaflet tethering angle (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.0‐1.14), irrespective of baseline QRS morphology and duration (all P < .05).ConclusionsCardiac resynchronization therapy improves LV and MV geometry and function in half of patients with NICMP, which is paralleled by decreased mitral regurgitation severity. The extent of pre‐CRT LV remodeling and MV tethering are associated with CRT response.
Prognosis and risk factors associated with asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Constant Dit Beaufils P. , Preterre C. , De Gaalon S. , Labreuche J. , Mazighi M. , Di Maria F. , Sibon I. , Marnat G. , Gariel F. , Blanc R. , Gory B. , Consoli A. , Zhu F. , Richard S. , Fahed R. , Desal H. , Lapergue B. , Guillon B. , Bourcier R. ,   the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Research Investigators
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeAsymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aICH) is a common occurrence after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aims of this study were to address its impact on 3‐month functional outcome and to identify risk factors for aICH after EVT.MethodsPatients with AIS attributable to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent EVT were enrolled in a multicenter prospective registry. Based on imaging performed 22–36 h post‐EVT, we included patients with no intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or aICH. Poor outcome defined as a 3‐month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 4–6 and overall 3‐month mRS score distribution were compared according to presence/absence of aICH, and aICH subtype using logistic regression. We assessed the risk factors of aICH using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsOf the 1526 patients included in the study, 653 (42.7%) had aICH. Patients with aICH had a higher rate of poor outcome: odds ratio (OR) 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.44). Shift analysis of mRS score found a fully adjusted OR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.47–2.18). Hemorrhagic infarction (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.22–2.18]) and parenchymal hematoma (OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.77–5.02]) were associated with higher risk of poor outcome. Male sex, diabetes, coronary artery disease, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, number of passes and onset to groin puncture time were independently associated with aICH.ConclusionsPatients with aICH, irrespective of the radiological pattern, have a worse functional outcome at 3 months compared with those without ICH after EVT for AIS. The number of EVT passes and the time from onset to groin puncture are factors that could be modified to reduce deleterious ICH.
COVID‐19: An overview for dermatologists
Authors: Sanghvi Akanksha R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous unexplained pneumonia cases were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by Wuhan, China, in December 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a zoonotic pathogen, came into sight, spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) all over the globe. Association of cutaneous signs and symptoms with COVID‐19 is being studied worldwide, principally, to determine if these dermatoses can help in early recognition of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These dermatological manifestations can range from erythematous rash, urticaria to livedo reticularis, and acrocyanosis in patients of all age groups. Correspondingly, dermatologists treating COVID‐19 patients, suffering from inflammatory dermatoses, with biologics or immunomodulators should exert caution and use specific protocols to adjust the doses of these medications. Prevention of person‐to‐person transmission of COVID‐19 is being promoted universally, with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hand washes, and hand sanitizers around the clock. However, an array of cutaneous adverse effects such as contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, friction blisters, contact urticaria, acne, and infections are associated with the use of PPE. Extra‐pulmonary manifestations of COVID‐19 are still emerging in the community, and physicians and researchers are working together globally to strengthen the clinical management of these patients. Cases of COVID‐19 continue to rise across the world, and an unprecedented approach has been taken to develop effective vaccines and therapeutic strategies against existing and forthcoming mutagenic strains of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Historical legacies and contemporary processes shape beta diversity in Neotropical montane streams
Authors: González‐Trujillo Juan David , Saito Victor S. , Petsch Danielle K. , Muñoz Isabel , Sabater Sergi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimContemporary dispersal constraints and environmental conditions are broadly recognized as significant drivers of beta diversity patterns. However, beta diversity patterns may also reflect the legacy of past climatic and geological events. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of historical and contemporary factors as drivers of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity in Neotropical stream communities.LocationThe Colombian Orinoco basin.TaxonDiatoms and insects.MethodsWe estimated taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional beta diversity using Baselga's (BAS) and Podani's (POD) frameworks. Following both frameworks, we further partitioned every biodiversity facet into turnover and nestedness or richness difference components. Then, we used generalized linear models (GLM) to relate each biodiversity facet with environmental, spatial and historical factors.ResultsWe found that both historical and contemporary factors affected current patterns of beta diversity. Historical factors and water pH and temperature had the strongest effect on beta diversity patterns, particularly for taxonomic and phylogenetic facets. GLM models performed better for insects than for diatoms in all three facets. Within communities, our analysis also revealed a partial congruence between BAS‐ and POD‐based results.Main conclusionsDue to their past geological history and contemporary environmental gradients, tropical montane streams are natural laboratories for disentangling the joint effects of ecological and biogeographical factors on biodiversity patterns. Our study reveals that present‐day distribution patterns cannot be fully explained without accounting for the effects of past geological and climatic events on mountain landscapes. In the Neotropics, montane geology sets the stage for speciation and landscape formation, with which ecological (e.g., dispersal limitation) and environmental factors interact to generate spatial variation in species turnover.
A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder
Authors: Sewall Craig J.R. , Girard Jeffrey M. , Merranko John , Hafeman Danella , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Strober Michael , Hower Heather , Weinstock Lauren M. , Yen Shirley , Ryan Neal D. , Keller Martin B. , Liao Fangzi , Diler Rasim S. , Kay Gill Mary , Axelson David , Birmaher Boris , Goldstein Tina R. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundYouth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between‐person differences – reflecting the average relationship quality across time – and within‐person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N = 413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e., average) and varying (i.e., recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex.ResultsPoorer average relationship quality with parents (β = −.33, 95% Bayesian highest density interval (HDI) [−0.54, −0.11]) or friends (β = −.33, 95% HDI [−0.55, −0.11]) was longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β = −.10, 95% HDI [−0.19, −0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β = −.06, 95% HDI [−0.15, 0.03]) was longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI, but only worsening recent relationship quality with parents was also associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β = −.15, 95% HDI [−0.31, 0.01]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age.ConclusionsAmong youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents may be a time‐sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.
Riluzole attenuates glutamatergic tone and cognitive decline in AβPP/PS1 mice
Authors: Hascup Kevin N. , Findley Caleigh A. , Britz Jesse , Esperant‐Hilaire Nahayo , Broderick Sarah O. , Delfino Kristin , Tischkau Shelley , Bartke Andrzej , Hascup Erin R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated hippocampal hyperglutamatergic signaling occurs prior to plaque accumulation in AβPP/PS1 mice. Here, we evaluate 2‐Amino‐6‐(trifluoromethoxy) benzothiazole (riluzole) as an early intervention strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), aimed at restoring glutamate neurotransmission prior to substantial Beta amyloid (Aβ) plaque accumulation and cognitive decline. Male AβPP/PS1 mice, a model of progressive cerebral amyloidosis, were treated with riluzole from 2–6 months of age. Morris water maze, in vivo electrochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to assess cognition, glutamatergic neurotransmission, and pathology, respectively, at 12 months. Four months of prodromal riluzole treatment in AβPP/PS1 mice resulted in long‐lasting procognitive effects and attenuated glutamatergic tone that was observed six months after discontinuing riluzole treatment. Riluzole‐treated AβPP/PS1 mice had significant improvement in long‐term memory compared to vehicle‐treated AβPP/PS1 mice that was similar to normal aging C57BL/6J control mice. Furthermore, basal glutamate concentration and evoked‐glutamate release levels, which were elevated in vehicle‐treated AβPP/PS1 mice, were restored to levels observed in age‐matched C57BL/6J mice in AβPP/PS1 mice receiving prodromal riluzole treatment. Aβ plaque accumulation was not altered with riluzole treatment. This study supports that interventions targeting the glutamatergic system during the early stages of AD progression have long‐term effects on disease outcome, and importantly may prevent cognitive decline. Our observations provide preclinical support for targeting glutamate neurotransmission in patients at risk for developing AD.
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Vibratory testing with the 64 Hz Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork and its relation to the sural nerve action potential
Authors: Xirou Sophia , Kokotis Panagiotis , Zambelis Thomas , Anagnostou Evangelos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite its widespread use, little is known regarding the ability of the semi‐quantitative Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork to designate peripheral nerve function. We sought to determine in a large sample of normal and abnormal nerves the relationship between vibration sense and compound sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) parameters recorded in a corresponding innervation area. Vibratory thresholds were determined on a scale of 0 to 8 with a 64 Hz Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork placed on the lateral malleolus of 303 subjects. Sural nerve sensory neurography was employed to derive SNAP parameters, which were related to vibration sense by means of multiple linear regression. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the classification efficacy of the tuning fork in distinguishing normal from abnormal sural nerve responses. SNAP amplitude was the most significant predictor in the whole subjects group and in the subgroup of subjects with normal SNAPs, whereas conduction velocity played a major role in subjects with abnormal SNAPs. Age was significantly associated with vibration perception, particularly in subjects with normal SNAPs. With an area under the curve of 0.730, vibration sense was a fair classifier for decreased SNAP amplitudes. The optimal vibratory cutoff was 4.2. Age is a major determinant of vibratory test results, highlighting the importance of aging of central and peripheral pathways in mediating vibration sense. Hence, neurophysiological testing cannot be omitted in the context of polyneuropathy work‐up, since even at the optimal cutoff threshold, vibratory examination still displays 40% false negative test results.
Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: van Oort S. , Beulens J. W. J. , van Ballegooijen A. J. , Burgess S. , Larsson S. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate causal associations of Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors, as well as sleep and education, with longevity using the two‐sample Mendelian randomization design.MethodsInstrumental variables for the modifiable risk factors were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Data on longevity beyond the 90th survival percentile were extracted from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with 11,262 cases and 25,483 controls whose age at death or last contact was ≤ the 60th survival percentile.ResultsRisk factors associated with a lower odds of longevity included the following: genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84;0.92), genetically predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure (per 1‐mmHg increase: 0.96; 0.94;0.97 and 0.95; 0.93;0.97), body mass index (per 1‐SD increase: 0.80; 0.74;0.86), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 0.75; 0.65;0.86) and smoking initiation (0.75; 0.66;0.85). Genetically increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 1.23; 1.08;1.41) and educational level (per 1‐SD increase: 1.64; 1.45;1.86) were associated with a higher odds of longevity. Fasting glucose and other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with longevity.ConclusionMost of the Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors are causally related to longevity. Prevention strategies should focus on modifying these risk factors and reducing education inequalities to improve cardiovascular health and longevity.