bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Real-Time CGM Data Sharing on Quality of Life in the Caregivers of Adults and Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Polonsky William H. , Fortmann Addie L. 
Published: December 2020

Background: To examine caregivers’ experiences with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) data sharing and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and health outcomes. Methods: Parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( N = 303) and spouses/partners of T1D adults ( N = 212) using the Dexcom G5 Mobile or G6 RT-CGM system and who were actively following their T1Ds’ RT-CGM data completed a survey examining their perceived value of data sharing, the impact of sharing on their own QoL and their child/partner’s health, and how they used RT-CGM data to support their T1Ds’ diabetes management. Regression analyses examined whether their actions were linked to reported changes in QoL and health outcomes. Results: Respondents were predominantly non-Hispanic White (91.1% parents; 88.7% partners), female (78.2% parents; 54.7% partners), and college-educated (65.3% parents; 61.8% partners). The majority reported that data sharing had enhanced hypoglycemic confidence (97.7% parents; 98.1% partners), overall well-being (60.4% parents; 63.2% partners), and sleep quality (78.0% parents; 61.3% partners). Of note, three positive caregiver actions were broadly consistent and significant predictors of QoL and health benefits for both parents and partners: celebrating success related to glycemic control, providing encouragement when glycemic control is challenging, and teamwork discussions about how the caregiver should respond to out-of-range values. Conclusions: RT-CGM data sharing was associated with a range of QoL and health benefits for caregivers. Degree of benefits was influenced by the collaborative actions taken by caregivers to support their child’s or partner’s diabetes management. To determine the most effective strategies for collaborative data sharing, longitudinal trials are needed.
Inter-reader agreement of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the quantification of carotid artery plaque inflammation
Authors: Johnsrud Kjersti , Seierstad Therese , Russell David , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

Introduction A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from unstable atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques. Inflammation is a key feature of plaque instability. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-(18F)-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is a promising technique to quantify plaque inflammation, but a consensus on the methodology has not been established. High inter-reader agreement is essential if 18F-FDG PET/CT is to be used as a clinical tool for the assessment of unstable plaques and stroke risk. Methods We assessed the inter-reader variability of different methods for quantification of 18F-FDG uptake in 43 patients with carotid artery stenosis ≥70%. Two independent readers delineated the plaque and collected maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from all axial PET slices containing the atherosclerotic plaque. Results Uptake values with and without background correction were calculated and intraclass correlation coefficients were highest for uncorrected uptake values (0.97–0.98) followed by those background corrected by subtraction (0.89–0.94) and lowest for those background corrected by division (0.74–0.79). Conclusion Quantification methods without background correction have the highest inter-reader agreement for 18F-FDG PET of carotid artery plaque inflammation. The use of the single highest uptake value (max SUVmax) from the plaque will facilitate the method’s clinical utility in stroke prevention.
Recontextualizing Quality Talk for an Eighth-Grade English Classroom in China
Authors: Wei Liwei , Murphy P. Karen , Wu Shenghui 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Conducting meaningful interactions in the target language is essential for language learning. However, in many English language classrooms in China, it is rare that students are provided with such opportunities. In the current study, we presented and critically evaluated the implementation of a small-group discussion approach called Quality Talk (QT) in an eighth-grade English language classroom in China. Design/Approach/Methods: One eighth-grade English teacher and 82 eighth-grade students in a public middle school in Beijing participated in the study using a pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design. Recordings of teacher coaching sessions and student discussions, researchers’ field notes, and participating teacher’s written reflections were used to identify successful practices and lessons learned with respect to the implementation of QT. Implications for future directions were also discussed. Findings: The results revealed that to successfully implement a discourse-intensive pedagogical approach in a large English language class, it is essential that (a) the materials used for discussion closely align with the school curriculum, (b) students are grouped heterogeneously and scaffolded to engage in discussions both in their native and target languages, and (c) student leadership be leveraged to facilitate discussion in each small group. Originality/Value: The present study delineated the details with respect to implementing a discourse-intensive pedagogical approach in an eighth-grade English classroom in China. We derived several key insights from recontextualizing QT in an English learning, large class context in China. These insights might hold the potential to improve the effectiveness of English teaching and learning in China.
The Relationship Between Electronic Word-of-Mouth and Consumer Engagement: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Srivastava Mukta , Sivaramakrishnan Sreeram , Saini Gordhan K. 
Published: December 2020

There has been a significant shift in the purchase of media by brands in the last decade. Brands have moved from spending money on the ever-present television and print media to the ubiquitous digital media of today. Consumers, however, are wary of marketing communications from companies and prefer reviews and opinions from friends or other consumers. In the new hyperconnected world, they are online reviews (i.e., electronic word-of-mouth or eWOM). Consequently, it has become imperative for marketers to measure and manage eWOM, and several companies today rely on social media command centres (SMCCs) for this. Companies use SMCCs to unearth fans and reveal influencers. The prevalent thinking is that by actively interacting with these influencers, eWOM can be positively impacted, which, in turn, may enhance the engagement of prospective customers with the brand. The present study proposes a model for the relationship between eWOM and consumer engagement (CE). Additionally, it details a comprehensive classification framework of CE and reveals both the experts’ and consumers’ perspectives in this field by adopting a grounded theory–content analysis approach. The findings suggest that eWOM leads to CE.
Physeal Injuries of the Coracoid Process Are Closely Associated With Sports Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ogawa Kiyohisa , Inokuchi Wataru , Matsumura Noboru 
Published: December 2020

Background: Physeal injuries of the coracoid process are rare but may be increasing because of increased participation of youth in year-round sports. Purpose: To analyze reported physeal and apophyseal injuries of the coracoid process. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched using the terms scapula fracture and coracoid fracture. The inclusion criteria were English full-text articles describing coracoid fracture as well as articles that described patient characteristics and presented appropriate images. The exclusion criteria were descriptive cases without images as well as those lacking appropriate images. Citation tracking was conducted to find additional articles and full-text articles written in other languages. Articles were included if they reported physeal injury or judged to involve physeal injury based on the provided images. Results: Overall, 22 studies including 32 patients (29 males, 3 females) were identified. All but 2 patients were younger than 18 years of age, and 66% (21/32) had sustained injuries during or as a result of participation in sporting activities. The affected site was the physis at the base in 18 patients, an intra-articular fracture in the primary coracoid ossification center combined with the subcoracoid ossification center to form an intra-articular fracture in 5, the apophysis of the tip in 3, the apophysis of the angle in 5, and uncertain in 1. Eleven patients had concurrent acromioclavicular injuries. The injury was acute in 23 patients, chronic in 6, and traumatic nonunion in 3. Among 21 cases in which treatment methods and outcomes were described, 21% of the acute cases (4/19), and 2 of the 3 nonunions were surgically treated. Only 1 study used a widely accepted evaluation method. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. Outcomes were generally excellent for nonoperative and operative treatment and without any serious complications. Conclusion: Coracoid physeal injuries occurred most commonly in patients aged 13 to 15 years of age (71%) and were usually sustained during or as a result of sports activities (66%). The most common injury site was the physis at its base. The cause of these injuries is probably severe or repeated traction of the attached muscles and ligaments. The majority of these injuries can be successfully treated nonoperatively.
Electrochemical H2O2 biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase encapsulated protein nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide-modified gold electrode
Authors: Shin Jeong-Hyeop , Lee Myeong-Jun , Choi Jin-Ha , Song Ji-ae , Kim Tae-Hwan , Oh Byung-Keun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, an electrochemical biosensor composed of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-encapsulated protein nanoparticles (HEPNP) was fabricated for the sensitive and selective detection of H2O2. The HEPNP has a three-dimensional structure that can contain a large amount of HRP; therefore, HEPNP can amplify the electrochemical signals necessary for the detection of H2O2. Furthermore, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to increase the efficiency of electron transfer from the HEPNP to an electrode, which could enhance the electrochemical signal. This biosensor showed a sensitive electrochemical performance for detection of H2O2 with signals in the range from 0.01–100 μM, and it could detect low concentrations up to 0.01 μM. Furthermore, this biosensor was operated against interferences from glucose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. In addition, this fabricated H2O2 biosensor showed selective detection performance in human blood serum. Therefore, the proposed biosensor could promote the sensitive and selective detection of H2O2 in clinical applications.
Determinants of infant and young complementary feeding practices among children 6–23 months of age in urban Pakistan: a multicenter longitudinal study
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Saddiq Kamran , Khalid Javairia , Sikanderali Laila , Tariq Batha , Shaheen Fariha , Nawaz Gul , Habib Atif , Soofi Sajid Bashir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSuboptimal feeding practices have a negative impact on children’s health and growth in the first 2 years of life and increase their risk of undernutrition, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the factors that influence infant and young child feeding practices among urban mothers in a hospital setting at Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsA longitudinal multi-center cohort study was conducted in four countries, MULTICENTER BODY COMPOSITION REFERENCE STUDY (MBCRS) to produce normal body composition reference data in healthy infants from 3 months to 24 months of age. Repeated anthropometric (weight, length and head circumference) and body composition measurements using “deuterium dilution method” along with 24-h dietary recall questionnaires were performed on 250 healthy term infants at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The 24-h dietary recall data from this study was used to assess the breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in children aged 6–24 months.ResultsA total of 250 healthy infants were enrolled in the study. A majority of newborns (75.4%) were exclusively breastfed till 3 months of age; however, by 6 months of age, only 30.2% of infants were exclusively breastfed. Only 44.1% of children aged 6–24 months achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 84.7% achieved minimum meal frequency (MMF), and 44.1% achieved a minimum acceptable diet (MAD). 71.4% achieved MDD and MAD and 100% achieved MMF at 24 months. The bivariate analysis found that breastfed children (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.72–5.68), with employed mothers (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.27) who had graduated from secondary school (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08–1.94) were more likely to meet minimum dietary diversity. The multivariable analysis showed that only the child’s age was significantly associated with MDD (pvalue< 0.0001), with the likelihood of meeting MDD increasing as the children aged; 9 months (OR 18.96, 95% CI 6.63–54.19), 12 months (OR 40.25, 95% CI 14.14–114.58), 18 months (OR 90.02, 95% CI 30.84–262.77) and 24 months (OR 82.14, 95% CI 27.23–247.83).ConclusionOur study revealed that Infant and young child feeding practices are significantly associated with maternal education, employment, and the child’s age. Therefore, it is essential that investments be made towards protective breastfeeding and complementary feeding policies and legislations, emphasis on female education and ensuring the availability of affordable nutritious and diverse foods.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease: classification and pathophysiology
Authors: Condliffe Robin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension is not uncommon in adult congenital heart disease patients, other forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) may also be present. A good understanding of PH classification is therefore vital for clinicians managing adult patients with congenital heart disease. This paper reviews both the general classification of PH and more detailed approaches to classifying pulmonary arterial hypertension in association with congenital heart disease.
Heart and lung transplantation in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease: an unusual indication
Authors: Barracano Rosaria , Nashat Heba , Constantine Andrew , Dimopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Eisenmenger syndrome is a multisystem disorder, characterised by a significant cardiac defect, severe pulmonary hypertension and long-standing cyanosis. Despite the availability of pulmonary hypertension therapies and improved supportive care in specialist centres, Eisenmenger patients are still faced with significant morbidity and mortality.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman with Eisenmenger syndrome secondary to a large secundum atrial septal defect. Her pulmonary vascular disease was treated with pulmonary vasodilators, but she experienced a progressive decline in exercise tolerance, increasing atrial arrhythmias, resulting in referral for transplantation. Her condition was complicated by significant recurrent haemoptysis in the context of extremely dilated pulmonary arteries and in-situ thrombosis, which prompted successful heart and lung transplantation. She made a slow recovery but remains well 3 years post-transplant.

Conclusions
Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome secondary to a pre-tricuspid lesion, such as an atrial septal defect have a natural history that differs to patients with post-tricuspid shunts; the disease tends to present later in life but is more aggressive, prompting early and aggressive medical intervention with pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies. This case illustrates that severe recurrent haemoptysis can be an indication for expediting transplantation in Eisenmenger syndrome patients.
Fontan failure and the role of pulmonary vasodilator therapy
Authors: Clift Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The Fontan circulation is a palliative procedure for patients born with a single ventricle physiology. The Fontan circulation is associated with significant late morbidity commonly including atrial arrhythmias.

Case presentation
We report a case of an adult Fontan patient who developed protein losing enteropathy (PLE) following persistent atrial arrhythmias. Treatment with a pulmonary vasodilator, sildenafil, resolved the PLE.

Conclusions
The importance of a low pulmonary vascular resistance to maintain wellbeing in the Fontan patient is discussed, as is the role of pulmonary vasodilators.
Protocol for the development and validation of a risk prediction model for stillbirths from 35 weeks gestation in Australia
Authors: Sexton Jessica K. , Coory Michael , Kumar Sailesh , Smith Gordon , Gordon Adrienne , Chambers Georgina , Pereira Gavin , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Hilder Lisa , Middleton Philippa , Bowman Anneka , Lieske Scott N. , Warrilow Kara , Morris Jonathan , Ellwood David , Flenady Vicki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in the care of women and their babies in the past century, an estimated 1.7 million babies are born still each year throughout the world. A robust method to estimate a pregnant woman’s individualized risk of late-pregnancy stillbirth is needed to inform decision-making around the timing of birth to reduce the risk of stillbirth from 35 weeks of gestation in Australia, a high-resource setting.MethodsThis is a protocol for a cross-sectional study of all late-pregnancy births in Australia (2005–2015) from 35 weeks of gestation including 5188 stillbirths among 3.1 million births at an estimated rate of 1.7 stillbirths per 1000 births. A multivariable logistic regression model will be developed in line with currentTransparentReporting of a multivariable prediction model forIndividualPrognosis orDiagnosis(TRIPOD) guidelines to estimate the gestation-specific probability of stillbirth with prediction intervals. Candidate predictors were identified from systematic reviews and clinical consultation and will be described through univariable regression analysis. To generate a final model, elimination by backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression will be performed. The model will be internally validated using bootstrapping with 1000 repetitions and externally validated using a temporally unique dataset. Overall model performance will be assessed withR2, calibration, and discrimination. Calibration will be reported using a calibration plot with 95% confidence intervals (α= 0.05). Discrimination will be measured by theC-statistic and area underneath the receiver-operator curves. Clinical usefulness will be reported as positive and negative predictive values, and a decision curve analysis will be considered.DiscussionA robust method to predict a pregnant woman’s individualized risk of late-pregnancy stillbirth is needed to inform timely, appropriate care to reduce stillbirth. Among existing prediction models designed for obstetric use, few have been subject to internal and external validation and many fail to meet recommended reporting standards. In developing a risk prediction model for late-gestation stillbirth with both providers and pregnant women in mind, we endeavor to develop a validated model for clinical use in Australia that meets current reporting standards.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Findings From the Phase III MAIA Trial
Authors: Perrot Aurore , Facon Thierry , Plesner Torben , Usmani Saad Z. , Kumar Shaji , Bahlis Nizar J. , Hulin Cyrille , Orlowski Robert Z. , Nahi Hareth , Mollee Peter , Ramasamy Karthik , Roussel Murielle , Jaccard Arnaud , Delforge Michel , Karlin Lionel , Arnulf Bertrand , Chari Ajai , He Jianming , Ho Kai Fai , Van Rampelbergh Rian , Uhlar Clarissa M. , Wang Jianping , Kobos Rachel , Gries Katharine S. , Fastenau John , Weisel Katja 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-Rd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the phase III MAIA study. PATIENTS AND METHODS PROs were assessed on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30-item and the EuroQol 5-dimensional descriptive system at baseline and every 3 months during treatment. By mixed-effects model, changes from baseline are presented as least squares means with 95% CIs. RESULTS A total of 737 transplant-ineligible (TIE) patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were randomly assigned to D-Rd (n = 368) or Rd (n = 369). Compliance with PRO assessments was high at baseline (> 90%) through month 12 (> 78%) for both groups. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30-item global health status scores improved from baseline in both groups and were consistently greater with D-Rd at all time points. A global health status benefit was achieved with D-Rd, regardless of age (< 75 and ≥ 75 years), baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score, or depth of response. D-Rd treatment resulted in significantly greater reduction in pain scores as early as cycle 3 ( P = .0007 v Rd); the magnitude of change was sustained through cycle 12. Reductions in pain with D-Rd were clinically meaningful in patients regardless of age, ECOG status, or depth of response. Similarly, PRO improvements were observed with D-Rd and Rd on the EuroQol 5-dimensional descriptive system visual analog scale score. CONCLUSION D-Rd compared with Rd was associated with faster and sustained clinically meaningful improvements in PROs, including pain, in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma regardless of age, baseline ECOG status, or depth of treatment response.
Small Molecules for Vacuum-Processed Organic Photovoltaics: Past, Current Status, and Prospect
Authors: Venkateswararao Addanki , Wong Ken-Tsung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs), a potential green technology that evolves to satisfy global energy demands, have shown great improvements recently. The success of OPVs relies on various endeavors, including new materials, protocols for morphology control, and device architectures. Vacuum deposition can produce OPVs that have precisely controlled multilayers and high stability suitable for commercialization. Molecular design plays a crucial role to fine tune the absorption, energy levels, and intermolecular interactions of organic materials for modulating the device performance. Researchers have extensively studied various combinations of judiciously selected or tailor-made donors (D) and acceptors (A) leading to small molecules with desired properties. In this review, vacuum-processable donor materials are collected and categorized into several sub-groups based on the connecting manner of D and A units. Molecular donors configured as D-A-A and A-D-A show better performance due to their long absorption and well-ordered molecular packing, which allow better light harvesting and charge transporting activities to obtain high short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). The progress of non-fullerene acceptors suitable for vacuum-deposited OPVs is also highlighted. Challenges and important prospects for future inventions of small molecules are discussed for better performance and commercialization of vacuum-processed OPVs.