bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effect of extrinsic cues on consumers' evaluation of red wine using a projective mapping task
Authors: Jantzi Heather , Hayward Lydia , Barton Alanah , Richardson Connor D. , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsumers' perception (intrinsic sensory characteristics) of wine can be affected by extrinsic cues. This study aimed to determine the influence of extrinsic cues (price and label information/bottle) on consumers' sensory perception of red wine blends. A total of 202 participants (regular consumers of red wine), evaluated six red wine blends. Projective mapping (PM) and ultra‐flash profile (UFP) were used to characterize the wines in three separate sessions: blinded, presented with the bottle, and presented with their price. Participants separated the red wine blends based on sweet, fruity, bitter, and peppery attributes. RV coefficients indicated that the presentation of the bottle and label information affected the participants' results, and the PM sessions were not significantly correlated (RV = 0.500). The participants' results were affected by the brand name presented on the wine bottle. However, the blinded and price PM sessions were correlated (RV = 0.733). The consumers were able to evaluate the wines using the PM and UFP method. The extrinsic cues, except for the brand name, did not affect consumers' descriptions of the different wines.Practical ApplicationsProjective mapping (PM) asks participants to express similarities and differences between samples, as well as position samples on a two‐dimensional plane. PM is usually paired with ultra‐flash profiling and allows researchers to identify the main attributes that account for differences among the samples. This study investigates the effect of extrinsic cues (bottle/label information and price) on consumers' evaluation of red wines blends. Brand names were found to affect consumers' evaluations. Understanding how consumers use label information and price when making their purchase decision is vital to both winemakers and for package design of wines.
Evaluation of whey protein sources on performance, liver antioxidants and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with ethanol
Authors: Afkhami Marzieh , Kermanshahi Hassan , Majidzadeh Heravi Reza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of whey protein (WP) sources on performance, liver antioxidants and immune responses of broiler chickens, 300 one‐d‐old male Ross 308 chickens were randomly allocated into six treatments with five replications of 10 birds each. This study was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with dietary supplemental WP sources (no WP; 2% WP and 2% whey protein concentrate (WPC)) and ethanol (zero and 6%) into drinking water. Birds were challenged with ethanol 6% from 10 to 24 days of age. Growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and antioxidant enzymes were assessed in both challenged and non‐challenged groups. There was a significant interaction between ethanol and WP sources for growth performance, so that weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in broiler chickens challenged with ethanol and fed with WP (p < .05). Intestinal morphology, humoral responses and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) were not affected by WP sources. Cellular immunity responses were significantly lower in control group and challenged birds fed with WP compared with other groups after 48 hr of phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P) injection. Ethanol challenge decreased liver antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Dietary inclusion of WP and WPC increased levels of liver antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA and ALT activities. It can be recommended to use WP for improving the growth performance and liver antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens challenged with ethanol.
Impact of maternal overweight and obesity on milk composition and infant growth
Authors: Ellsworth Lindsay , Perng Wei , Harman Emma , Das Arun , Pennathur Subramaniam , Gregg Brigid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOverweight and obesity (OW/OB) impact half of the pregnancies in the United States and can have negative consequences for offspring health. Studies are limited on human milk alterations in the context of maternal obesity. Alterations in milk are hypothesized to impact offspring development during the critical period of lactation. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between mothers with OW/OB (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), infant growth, and selected milk nutrients. We recruited mother–infant dyads with pre‐pregnancy OW/OB and normal weight status. The primary study included 52 dyads with infant growth measures through 6 months. Thirty‐two dyads provided milk at 2 weeks, which was analysed for macronutrients, long‐chain fatty acids, and insulin. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association of maternal weight status with infant growth, maternal weight status with milk components, and milk components with infant growth. Mothers with OW/OB had infants with higher weight‐for‐length (WFL) and BMIZ‐scores at birth. Mothers with OW/OB had higher milk insulin and dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic, adrenic, and palmitic acids and reduced conjugated linoleic and oleic acids. N6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA)‐driven factor 1 was associated with higher WFL, lower length‐for‐age (LFA), and lower head circumference‐for‐ageZ‐scores change from 2 weeks to 2 months in human milk‐fed infants, whereas N6 LC‐PUFA‐driven factor 5 was associated with lower LFAZ‐score change. Human milk composition is associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy weight status and composition may be a contributing factor to early infant growth trajectory.
A cell wall‐associated polysaccharide is required for bacteriophage adsorption to the Streptococcus thermophilus cell surface
Authors: McDonnell Brian , Hanemaaijer Laurens , Bottacini Francesca , Kelleher Philip , Lavelle Katherine , Sadovskaya Irina , Vinogradov Evgeny , Ver Loren van Themaat Emiel , Kouwen Thijs , Mahony Jennifer , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStreptococcus thermophilus strain ST64987 was exposed to a member of a recently discovered group of S. thermophilus phages (the 987 phage group), generating phage‐insensitive mutants, which were then characterized phenotypically and genomically. Decreased phage adsorption was observed in selected bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants, and was partnered with a sedimenting phenotype and increased cell chain length or aggregation. Whole genome sequencing of several bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants identified mutations located in a gene cluster presumed to be responsible for cell wall polysaccharide production in this strain. Analysis of cell surface‐associated glycans by methylation and NMR spectroscopy revealed a complex branched rhamno‐polysaccharide in both ST64987 and phage‐insensitive mutant BIM3. In addition, a second cell wall‐associated polysaccharide of ST64987, composed of hexasaccharide branched repeating units containing galactose and glucose, was absent in the cell wall of mutant BIM3. Genetic complementation of three phage‐resistant mutants was shown to restore the carbohydrate and phage resistance profiles of the wild‐type strain, establishing the role of this gene cluster in cell wall polysaccharide production and phage adsorption and, thus, infection.
Modern ornamental aquaculture in Europe: early history of freshwater fish imports
Authors: Novák Jindřich , Kalous Lukáš , Patoka Jiří 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModern ornamental fishkeeping is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, with various known positive and also negative aspects including the introduction of non‐native species. Despite this fact, the history of the first imports of freshwater tropical fish species for ornamental purposes has never been deeply studied and is usually simplified. Here, we present the first comprehensive review of reported imports in the period of the early history of this sector of aquaculture, ending with the end of the First World War. Moreover, the total number of kept species has been updated, with a forecast for the future. We present the summarised information in a wide context of both historical and current connections and viewpoints, highlighting the crucial role of German importers at this time. In this regard, the term ‘German aquarium phenomenon’ is proposed.
New general theory of economic development: Innovative growth and distribution
Authors: Lee Yong‐Shik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEconomic development, which refers to the process of progressive transformation of an economy, is a multifaceted term without a universal definition. This article presents the constitutive elements of economic development: growth, distribution, and innovation. Economic development has been ubiquitous with the economic progress of “developing” countries, but the changing economic circumstances of “developed” countries, such as stagnant growth, regional economic disparity within developed countries, and deepening income gaps among citizens of developed countries, have made this term also relevant to address the economic problems of developed countries. The mechanisms of economic development, with respect to both developed and developing countries, are elusive, and the existing theories have not been able to explain these mechanisms of economic development adequately. This article reviews the existing theories and presents a new theoretical framework to explain the process of economic development.
Infections after kidney transplantation: A comparison of mTOR‐Is and CNIs as basic immunosuppressants. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wolf Sebastian , Lauseker Michael , Schiergens Tobias , Wirth Ulrich , Drefs Moritz , Renz Bernhard , Ryll Martin , Bucher Julian , Werner Jens , Guba Markus , Andrassy Joachim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSide effects of the immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation are well known. Recently, significant benefits were shown for mTOR‐Is with respect to certain viral infections in comparison with CNIs. However, reported total incidences of infections under mTOR‐Is vs CNIs are usually not different. This raises the question to additional differences between these immunosuppressants regarding development and incidence of infections.MethodsThe current literature was searched for prospective randomized controlled trials in renal transplantation. There were 954 trials screened of which 19 could be included (9861 pts.). The 1‐year incidence of infections, patient and graft survival were assessed in meta‐analyses.ResultsMeta‐analysis on 1‐year incidence of infections showed a significant benefit of an mTOR‐I based therapy when combined with a CNI vs CNI‐based therapy alone (OR 0.76). There was no difference between mTOR‐I w/o CNI and CNI therapy (OR 0.97). For pneumonia, a significant disadvantage was seen only for mTOR‐I monotherapy compared to CNI's (OR 2.09). The incidence of CMV infections was significantly reduced under mTOR‐I therapy (combination with CNI: OR 0.30; mTOR w/o CNI: OR: 0.46). There was no significant difference between mTOR‐I and CNI therapy with respect to patient survival (mTOR‐I w/o CNI vs CNI: OR 1.22; mTOR‐I with CNI vs CNI: OR 0.86). Graft survival was negatively affected by mTOR‐I monotherapy (OR 1.52) but not when combined with a CNI (OR 0.97).ConclusionFollowing renal transplantation the incidence of infections is lower when mTOR‐Is are combined with a CNI compared to a standard CNI therapy. Pneumonia occurs more often under mTOR‐I w/o CNI.
Genome‐wide expression quantitative trait locus studies facilitate isolation of causal genes controlling panicle structure
Authors: Wang Fanmiao , Yano Kenji , Nagamatsu Shiro , Inari‐Ikeda Mayuko , Koketsu Eriko , Hirano Ko , Aya Koichiro , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYThe morphology of rice (Oryza sativa L.) panicles is an important determinant of grain yield, and elucidation of the genetic control of panicle structure is very important for fulfilling the demand for high yield in breeding programs. In a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study using 82 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from Koshihikari and Habataki, 68 QTLs for 25 panicle morphological traits were identified. Gene expression profiling from inflorescence meristems of BILs was obtained. A combination of phenotypic QTL (pQTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) analysis revealed co‐localization between pQTLs and eQTLs, consistent with significant correlations between phenotypic traits and gene expression levels. By combining pQTL and eQTL data, two genes were identified as controlling panicle structure: OsMADS18 modulates the average length of the primary rachis and OsFTL1 has pleiotropic effects on the total number of secondary rachides, number of grains per panicle, plant height and the length of flag leaves. Phenotypes were confirmed in RNA interference knocked‐down plants and overexpressor lines. The combination of pQTL and eQTL analysis could facilitate identification of genes involved in rice panicle formation.
Primary structure of human neutrophil antigens 1a and 1b
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Radke Clemens , Bein Gregor , Grabowski Claudia , Simtong Piyapong , Bux Jürgen , Bayat Behnaz , Reil Angelika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeutrophil specific Fcγ receptor IIIb (CD16b) is a low‐affinity IgG receptor. Its polymorphic variants are associated with human neutrophil antigens (HNA). HNA‐1a and HNA‐1b differ in four amino acids. Immunization can lead to the production of alloantibodies. The exact contribution of four amino acid exchanges for the formation of HNA‐1a, −1b epitopes is currently unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPermutation of each polymorphic amino acid from wild‐type CD16b cDNA constructs was performed and expressed on HEK293 cells. All 16 receptor variants were produced and tested against 19 well‐characterized HNA antisera in an antigen capture assay.RESULTSAnalyzing the reaction pattern revealed that anti‐HNA‐1a antibodies can bind whenever asparagine (N) is present in position 65, regardless of the three other positions (CD16b *N**). Anti‐HNA‐1b antibodies can bind when serine (S) is present in position 36 (CD16b S***), when N is present in position 82 (CD16b **N*), or both (CD16b S*N*). CD16b variants with N65 and S36 and/or N82 (such as CD16b SNN*) bind both, anti‐HNA‐1a and anti‐HNA‐1b alloantibodies. If these specific amino acids are missing (as in CD16b RSD*), no antibodies will bind.CONCLUSIONWhereas the primary structure of HNA‐1a and HNA‐1b usually differs in four amino acids, epitope composition is not “antithetical”. N65 alone determines the presence of HNA‐1a, and S36 and/or N82 determine the presence of HNA‐1b. Amino acid 106 does not participate in epitope formation. Our findings are of specific relevance when a HNA‐1 phenotype is predicted from a genotype.
Structure and function of the calcium‐selective TRP channel TRPV6
Authors: Yelshanskaya Maria V. , Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Kurnikova Maria G. , Sobolevsky Alexander I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpithelial calcium channel TRPV6 is a member of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels that is permeable to cations and highly selective to Ca2+; it shows constitutive activity regulated negatively by Ca2+ and positively by phosphoinositol and cholesterol lipids. In this review, we describe the molecular structure of TRPV6 and discuss how its structural elements define its unique functional properties. High Ca2+ selectivity of TRPV6 originates from the narrow selectivity filter, where Ca2+ ions are directly coordinated by a ring of anionic aspartate side chains. Divalent cations Ca2+ and Ba2+ permeate TRPV6 pore according to the knock‐off mechanism, while tight binding of Gd3+ to the aspartate ring blocks the channel and prevents Na+ from permeating the pore. The iris‐like channel opening is accompanied by an α‐to‐π helical transition in the pore‐lining transmembrane helix S6. As a result of this transition, the intracellular halves of the S6 helices bend and rotate by about 100 deg, exposing different residues to the channel pore in the open and closed states. Channel opening is also associated with changes in occupancy of the transmembrane domain lipid binding sites. The inhibitor 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) binds to TRPV6 in a pocket formed by the cytoplasmic half of the S1‐S4 transmembrane helical bundle and shifts open‐closed channel equilibrium towards the closed state by outcompeting lipids critical for activation. Ca2+ inhibits TRPV6 via binding to calmodulin (CaM), which mediates Ca2+‐dependent inactivation. The TRPV6‐CaM complex exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry; one TRPV6 tetramer binds both CaM lobes, which adopt a distinct head‐to‐tail arrangement. The CaM C‐terminal lobe plugs the channel through a unique cation‐π interaction by inserting the side chain of lysine K115 into a tetra‐tryptophan cage at the ion channel pore intracellular entrance. Recent studies of TRPV6 structure and function described in this review advance our understanding of the role of this channel in physiology and pathophysiology and inform new therapeutic design.
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Head Rotational Kinematics, Tissue Deformations, and Their Relationships to the Acute Traumatic Axonal Injury
Authors: Hajiaghamemar Marzieh , Seidi Morteza , Margulies Susan S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Head rotational kinematics and tissue deformation metrics obtained from finite element models (FEM) have the potential to be used as traumatic axonal injury (TAI) assessment criteria and headgear evaluation standards. These metrics have been used to predict the likelihood of TAI occurrence; however, their ability in the assessment of the extent of TAI has not been explored. In this study, a pig model of TAI was used to examine a wide range of head loading conditions in two directions. The extent of TAI was quantified through histopathology and correlated to the FEM-derived tissue deformations and the head rotational kinematics. Peak angular acceleration and maximum strain rate of axonal fiber and brain tissue showed relatively good correlation to the volume of axonal injury, with similar correlation trends for both directions separately or combined. These rotational kinematics and tissue deformations can estimate the extent of acute TAI. The relationships between the head kinematics and the tissue strain, strain rate, and strain times strain rate were determined over the experimental range examined herein, and beyond that through parametric simulations. These relationships demonstrate that peak angular velocity and acceleration affect the underlying tissue deformations and the knowledge of both help to predict TAI risk. These relationships were combined with the injury thresholds, extracted from the TAI risk curves, and the kinematic-based risk curves representing overall axonal and brain tissue strain and strain rate were determined for predicting TAI. After scaling to humans, these curves can be used for real-time TAI assessment.
Minimalistic Control for Reaching Absolute State of a One-Legged Dynamic Robot on Uncertain Terrain
Authors: Gaathon Adar , Degani Amir 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Footstep and path planning for dynamic legged robots is complex, and even if such a plan exists, execution is even harder. We propose a new method for a planar model of a dynamic legged robot that brings the trajectory to an absolute desired destination even on unknown rough terrain with minimal sensing. This can later aid a global planner to reach “way-points” with low destination errors. The basic block of the technique incorporates two consecutive jumps, each triggers a minimalistic control method to govern a sole controller—the leg angle during flight. Only two detection sensors and initial state information are required during implementation. Prior to execution, an optimization process is initiated to obtain the temporal control laws for both jumps. This work presents the process of obtaining the control parameters and studies the performance and limitations of the scheme.
Effect of Temperature on Tribological Properties of Cu/Ti3AlC2 Composites
Authors: Zhou Zijue , Feng Yi , Zhao Hao , Qian Gang , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhang Xuebin , Huang Xiaochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn aerospace and power generation, components will serve in high-temperature environments. In this work, the influence of temperature on the tribological performances of Cu/Ti3AlC2 composites was investigated from 25 °C to 700 °C. Cu/Ti3AlC2 composites were fabricated by hot-pressing at 800 °C. The friction coefficients of the composites were in the range of 0.19–0.28. From 25 °C to 300 °C, the wear-rates increased with temperature from 9.05 × 10−5 mm3/Nm to 110 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, and the wear-rate reached the highest value at 300 °C. Interestingly, the wear-rates plummeted to 30.8 × 10−5 mm3/Nm at 500 °C, and 31.2 × 10−5 mm3/Nm at 700 °C. It was found that tribofilms consisting of Ti3AlC2 and Cu2O covered on the wear surfaces at 25 °C and 100 °C. Plastic flow and material transfer occurred at 300 °C. From 500 °C to 700 °C, oxidation layers formed on the wear surfaces of the composites. For simplicity, a schematic of the tribological mechanisms is proposed.
The Potential for Redox-Active Metabolites To Enhance or Unlock Anaerobic Survival Metabolisms in Aerobes
Authors: Ciemniecki John A. , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTClassifying microorganisms as “obligate” aerobes has colloquially implied death without air, leading to the erroneous assumption that, without oxygen, they are unable to survive. However, over the past few decades, more than a few obligate aerobes have been found to possess anaerobic energy conservation strategies that sustain metabolic activity in the absence of growth or at very low growth rates. Similarly, studies emphasizing the aerobic prowess of certain facultative aerobes have sometimes led to underrecognition of their anaerobic capabilities. Yet an inescapable consequence of the affinity both obligate and facultative aerobes have for oxygen is that the metabolism of these organisms may drive this substrate to scarcity, making anoxic survival an essential skill. To illustrate this, we highlight the importance of anaerobic survival strategies forPseudomonas aeruginosaandStreptomyces coelicolor, representative facultative and obligate aerobes, respectively. Included among these strategies, we describe a role for redox-active secondary metabolites (RAMs), such as phenazines made byP. aeruginosa, in enhancing substrate-level phosphorylation. Importantly, RAMs are made by diverse bacteria, often during stationary phase in the absence of oxygen, and can sustain anoxic survival. We present a hypothesis for how RAMs may enhance or even unlock energy conservation pathways that facilitate the anaerobic survival of both RAM producers and nonproducers.