bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental beliefs and willingness to pay for reduction in their child's asthma symptoms: A joint estimation approach
Authors: Mussio Irene , Brandt Sylvia , Hanemann Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany aspects of asthma—in particular the relationship between beliefs, averting behaviors, and symptoms—are not directly observable from market data. An approach that combines observable market data with nonmarket valuation to gather data on unobservable aspects of the illness can improve efforts to quantify the burden of asthma if it accounts for the endogeneity in the system. Such approaches are used in the valuation of recreation but have not been widely used to value the burden of a chronic illness. We estimate parents' willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their child's asthma symptoms using a three‐equation model that combines revealed preference, contingent valuation, and burden of asthma, increasing the efficiency of estimation and correcting for endogeneity. WTP for a device that reduces a child's asthma symptoms by 50% is $125/month (s.d. $20). Parents' valuations are driven by beliefs about asthma and by their degree of worry about asthma between episodes. There is a nonlinear relationship between the number of days with symptoms and WTP per symptom day. The experience of living with asthma affects families' responses to a contingent valuation scenario, because it influences willingness to spend money to manage the illness and their subjective perceptions and beliefs about the illness itself.
All in a day's work: Towards improved understanding of safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks in mining
Authors: Donovan Sarah‐Louise , Salmon Paul M. , Horberry Tim , Lenné Michael G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks conducted across a mining work system. Applying a systems‐thinking methodology, a modified version of the critical decision method (CDM) interview technique was used to examine decision‐making and behavior in association with five safety‐related tasks executed across the work system; hazard identification, inspections, standard operating procedure development, task observation and return to work coordination activities. Data were mapped onto Rasmussen's risk management framework to explore the characteristics of safety leadership decision‐making and behavior which occurred across the work system to support successful task execution. Vertical integration was present and was associated with a core set of decision‐making elements and leadership behaviors that facilitated the communication and exchange of information within and across the work system in association with tasks executed. In addition, different profiles of decision‐making characteristics and behavioral engagement were evident at different system levels, which indicated variability in safety leadership was required to support successful task execution across the work system. Task type was found to influence safety leadership, with structured tasks demonstrating less intensive decision‐making and behavioral engagement requirements than unstructured tasks. The findings add to the knowledge base on safety leadership through improved understanding of the concept, its occurrence across tasks and work system levels, and the factors which influence it to support safe system functioning. Future research endeavors and practical implications are discussed.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of [CpRu(1,10‐phenanthroline)(CH3CN)][X] and Precursor Complexes (X=PF6, BArF, TRISPHAT‐N)
Authors: Achard Thierry , Egger Léo , Tortoreto Cecilia , Guénée Laure , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCationic [Ru(η5‐C5H5)(CH3CN)3]+ complex, tris(acetonitrile)(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II), gives rise to a very rich organometallic chemistry. Combined with diimine ligands, and 1,10‐phenanthroline in particular, this system efficiently catalyzes diazo decomposition processes to generate metal‐carbenes which undergo a series of original transformations in the presence of Lewis basic substrates. Herein, syntheses and characterizations of [CpRu(Phen)(L)] complexes with (large) lipophilic non‐coordinating (PF6− and BArF−) and coordinating TRISPHAT‐N− anions are reported. Complex [CpRu(η6‐naphthalene)][BArF] ([1][BArF]) is readily accessible, in high yield, by direct counterion exchange between [1][PF6] and sodium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF) salts. Ligand exchange of [1][BArF] in acetonitrile generated stable [Ru(η5‐C5H5)(CH3CN)3][BArF] ([2][BArF]) complex in high yield. Then, the desired [CpRu(Phen)(CH3CN)] ([3]) complexes were obtained from either the [1] or [2] complex in the presence of the 1,10‐phenanthroline as ligand. For characterization and comparison purposes, the anionic hemilabile ligand TRISPHAT−N (TTN) was introduced on the ruthenium center, from the complex [3][PF6], to quantitatively generate the desired complex [CpRu(Phen)(TTN)] ([4]) by displacement of the remaining acetonitrile ligand and of the PF6− anion. Solid state structures of complexes [1][BArF], [2][BArF], [3][BArF], [3][PF6] and [4] were determined by X‐ray diffraction studies and are discussed herein.
Effect of dispersion on thermally stable stratified power‐law fluids over the vertical frustum of a cone in a non‐Darcy porous medium: Flow separation
Authors: Chetteti RamReddy , Srivastav Abhinava 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present problem shares out the influences of convective heating and thermal dispersion on thermally stable stratified power‐law fluid flow over the vertical frustum of a cone situated in a non‐Darcy porous medium. For the first time, it is considered in both aiding and opposing flow cases as it is readily applicable in realistic, practical situations. The local nonsimilarity approach, along with the spectral local linearization method, is used to analyze the fluid behavior and heat transfer within the boundary layer region. In addition, error analysis and comparison with the existing results are also included to validate the obtained results wherever feasible. It is significant to perceive the existence of flow separation in this study as more gain of the velocity of a power‐law fluid is seen for aiding flow case in comparison with the opposing flow case. Also, it is evident from these results that the separation of flow is less in the presence of thermal stratification, but it is more in the absence of thermal stratification. Finally, thermal stratification significantly affects the heat transfer rate of power‐law fluids besides delaying the boundary layer separation.
Entropy optimized Darcy‐Forchheimer slip flow of Fe3O4−CH2OH2 nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking rotating disk
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Patra Arun , Shaw Sachin , Misra Ashok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFerrofluids are made out of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles and known as colloidal liquids suspended on a bearer liquid, normally water (H2O) or an organic solvent like kerosene. Ferrofluid is utilized in rotary seals, computer hard drives, loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, and so forth. The present article reveals the extent of effectiveness available from the investigation on entropy generation, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation on Darcy‐Forchheimer convective slip flow of nanofluid (nf) past stretching/shrinking rotating disk (RD) subject to suction. The concepts of different parameters and their effects on velocity, temperature, entropy generation number, and Bejan number profiles have been elaborated in this explanatory paper. The explanations using graphs and numerical tables help smoothen the understanding and strengthen the interpretations of the results of the study. The major eye‐catching outcome of the study is that the augmented slip parameter undermines the tangential velocity and fluid suction invites a diminutive radial velocity as well as temperature distribution due to stretching/shrinking RD. Enhanced Reynolds number peters out the entropy generation number for stretching RD, which was the goal of the study to be accomplished.
The term structure effects of individual stock investor sentiment on excess returns
Authors: Li Jinfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we construct the individual stock sentiment indexes at daily, weekly and monthly frequencies. We empirically demonstrate the different effects of individual stock sentiment of three frequencies on the excess returns. The results show that the effect of individual stock sentiment on excess returns is a monotonous decreasing function of time term in China's stock market, which presents obvious term structure effect. Moreover, we find that sentiment factor can better explain the variation of excess returns than size factor and book‐to‐market factor do at the same frequency, and thus we should pay more attention to the individual effect of investor sentiment in the short‐term decision‐making. Our results shed new light on the short‐sighted behaviour of irrational investors and the micro‐mechanism of sentiment effect.
A new aminoglycoside etimicin shows low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Shao Weihao , Zhong Dan , Jiang Haowei , Han Yujie , Yin Yu , Li Ruining , Qian Xiuping , Chen Daijie , Jing Lili 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used for many life‐threatening infections. The use of aminoglycosides is often comprised by their deleterious side effects to the kidney and inner ear. A novel semisynthetic antibiotic, etimicin, has good antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. But its toxicity profile analysis is still lacking. In the present study, we compared the in vivo toxic effects of three aminoglycosides, gentamicin, amikacin, and etimicin, in zebrafish embryos. We examined the embryotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and the damage to the neuromast hair cells. Our results revealed that etimicin and amikacin exhibit more developmental toxicities to the young embryos than gentamicin. But at subtoxic doses, etimicin and amikacin show significantly reduced toxicities towards kidney and neuromast hair cells. We further demonstrated that fluorescently conjugated aminoglycosides (gentamicin‐Texas red [GTTR], amikacin‐Texas red [AMTR], and etimicin‐Texas red [ETTR]) all enter the hair cells properly. Inside the hair cells, gentamicin, not etimicin and amikacin, displays robust reactive oxygen species generation and induces apoptosis. Our data support that the different intracellular cytotoxicity underlies the different ototoxicity of the three aminoglycosides and that etimicin is a new aminoglycoside with reduced risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Pure tetrahedral quadruple systems with index two
Authors: Liu Ruijing , Zhou Junling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn oriented tetrahedron defined on four vertices is a set of four cyclic triples with the property that any ordered pair of vertices is contained in exactly one of the cyclic triples. A tetrahedral quadruple system of order with index , denoted by , is a pair , where is an ‐set and is a set of oriented tetrahedra (blocks) such that every cyclic triple on is contained in exactly members of . A is pure if there do not exist two blocks with the same vertex set. When , the spectrum of a pure TQS has been completely determined by Ji. In this paper, we show that there exists a pure if and only if and . A corollary is that a simple also exists if and only if and .
SeP is elevated in NAFLD and participates in NAFLD pathogenesis through AMPK/ACC pathway
Authors: Chen Yi , He Xinjue , Chen Xueyang , Li Youming , Ke Yini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent chronic liver diseases with unknown mechanism and no curative treatment. Hepatokines have demonstrated importance in NAFLD but, role of selenoprotein P (SeP) in NAFLD is unknown. A total of 79 patients with NAFLD and 79 healthy controls were included in this case–control study. SeP is elevated in patients with NAFLD. With elevating level of SeP, NAFLD prevalence, and detecting rate increases. As NAFLD aggravated, serum SeP increases. Correlation analysis demonstrates that SeP is positively associated with NAFLD risk factors including body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, and serum uric acid. Both NAFLD in vivo and in vitro models, SeP protein level is higher in liver. Small interfering RNA of SEPP1 inhibited TG accumulation by activating adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC), and overexpression of SEPP1 aggravated lipid accumulation and inhibited AMPK/ACC phosphorylation. SeP expression is activated in NAFLD and exacerbated NAFLD through AMPK/ACC, providing insight into new diagnostic, therapeutic target in NAFLD.
The new role for an old guy: MYC as an immunoplayer
Authors: Marinkovic Dragan , Marinkovic Tatjana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs an oncogene, myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) is implicated in the concept of “oncogene addiction,” where switching off the oncogene leads to the cell cycle arrest and cell differentiation. However, recent data suggest that MYC also controls the establishment of the tumour microenvironment and that “oncogene addiction” actually has a strong immune background. Evaluation of the MYC role in the immunoediting process led to the speculation that cancer just uses and distorts the physiological mechanism by which MYC normally prevents rapidly proliferating cells from the elicitation of an autoimmune response. Concordantly, elevated levels of MYC and induction of immunosuppressive molecules are observed during the processes of growth and development, tissue repair, placenta development, and so forth, implying that MYC may be involved in saving regular physiologically proliferating cells from the immune system attack. Even more, a growing body of evidence suggests MYC involvement in the shaping of the adaptive immune response, immunological memory development, and establishment of immunotolerance. This paper offers an overview of MYC actions in the context of modulation of the immune response in pathological and physiological conditions. The determination of such a new role for a well‐known oncogene opens new perspectives in biomedicine, and consequently, in the treatment of various pathological conditions.
Temperature control and in situ product recovery strategies to enhance the bioconversion of L‐phenylalanine into 2‐phenylethanol
Authors: Shu Chin‐Hang , Jhou Siao‐Syuan , Nirwana Wa OC 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND2‐Phenylethanol (PEA) is an important aromatic compound produced mainly by chemical synthesis. PEA production by biotechnological approach has gained popularity in recent years. However, biological synthesis of PEA is limited by microorganisms and product inhibition. The influence of culture temperature on the bioconversion of L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) into PEA is investigated in this study. A novel strategy to enhance PEA using two‐stage fermentation with in situ product recovery also is proposed.RESULTSBatch culture at 25 °C with aeration rate of 1.3 vvm was optimal for high cell density, whereas cultivation at 35 °C with aeration rate 2 vvm was favorable for high product yield. Then, a two‐stage batch fermentation with switch time at 72 h was performed resulting in an increase in PEA concentration by 19.0% as compared to a single‐stage fermentation at 35 °C with a 2.0 vvm aeration rate. A semicontinuous fermentation with in situ product recovery was conducted, yielding a total PEA concentration of 4.5 g L−1.CONCLUSIONSThe influence of culture temperature on bioconversion of L‐Phe is significant. Cell growth favors a lower temperature at 25 °C, but product formation favors a higher temperature at 35 °C. A two‐stage fermentation strategy was successful in batch culture, but not in fed‐batch culture due to the product inhibition from the accumulation of PEA. Therefore, employment of two‐stage semicontinuous culture with in situ product removal was successfully demonstrated in this study.
Characterization of school of dentistry prerequisite courses and recommendations for admission
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Reside Jonathan M. , Bobbitt Laura J. , Quinonez Rocio B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThere is minimal research characterizing admission prerequisites courses across schools of dentistry. The purpose of this study was to typify didactic and laboratory course requirements and compare requirements based on institution demographics.MethodsIn July 2019, the researchers evaluated websites from 76 North American dental schools to collect information on required and recommended courses, credit hour requirements, and institution demographics. Sub‐group analyses evaluated differences in course and credit hour differences based on institution funding, degree program, location, and Carnegie Classification.ResultsThe most common required courses were general chemistry (97.4%), physics (93.4%), organic chemistry (92.1%), general biology (90.8%), communication (86.8%), and biochemistry (80.3%). The most common required laboratory courses were general chemistry (63.2%), organic chemistry (59.2%), general biology (55.3%), and physics (51.3%). Several institutions included unique course recommendations such as histology (40.7%), psychology (30.3%), art (18.4%), business (18.4%), sociology (15.8%), and embryology (14.5%). There were few differences based on institution classifications; however, differences were observed most often between institutions within and outside the United States. The study also identified 65.8% (n = 50) of schools have letter of recommendation requirements and 46.1% (n = 35) of schools require or recommend shadowing experiences with programs requesting a median of 60 hours (range 20‐300 hours).ConclusionsThe study offers a contemporary characterization of prerequisite requirements and recommendations. In addition, the study raises critical questions about whether these standards reflect expectations for entering learners, if these requirements truly relate to learner success, and if these requirements prepare learners to be future‐ready graduates.
Regulatory functions of NK cells during infections and cancer
Authors: Zwirner Norberto W , Domaica Carolina I , Fuertes Mercedes B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
After recognition, NK cells can kill susceptible target cells through perforin-dependent mechanisms or by inducing death receptor-mediated apoptosis, and they can also secrete cytokines that are pivotal for immunomodulation. Despite the critical role as effector cells against tumors and virus-infected cells, NK cells have been implicated in the regulation of T cell-mediated responses in different models of autoimmunity, transplantation, and viral infections. Here, we review the mechanisms described for NK cell-mediated inhibition of adaptive immune responses, with spotlight on the emerging evidence of their regulatory role that shapes antitumor immune responses.
The use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Chen Baixin , Li Yun , Zhang Lei , Wang Yuyi , Yang Shuaibing , Xiao Xue , Qin Qingsong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRenin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are one of the most prescribed antihypertensive medications. Previous studies showed RAAS inhibitors increase the expression of ACE2, a cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which provokes a concern that the use of ACEI and ARB in hypertensive individuals might lead to increased mortality and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). To further investigate the effects of ACEI/ARB on COVID‐19 patients, we systematically reviewed relevant studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria in search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, medRxiv, and bioRxiv. The search strategy included clinical data published through October 12, 2020. Twenty‐six studies involving 8104 hypertensive patients in ACEI/ARB‐treated group and 8203 hypertensive patients in non‐ACEI/ARB‐treated group were analyzed. Random‐effects meta‐analysis showed ACEI/ARB treatment was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive COVID‐19 patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.624, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.457–0.852, p = .003, I2 = 74.3%). Meta‐regression analysis showed that age, gender, study site, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores, comorbidities of diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, or cancer has no significant modulating effect of ACEI/ARB treatment on the mortality of hypertensive COVID‐19 patients (all p > .1). In addition, the ACEI/ARB treatment was associated with a lower risk of ventilatory support (OR = 0.682, 95% CI = 0.475–1.978, p = .037, I2 = 0.0%). In conclusion, these results suggest that ACEI/ARB medications should not be discontinued for hypertensive patients in the context of COVID‐19 pandemic.
Hip subluxation and osteophye morphology are related to coronal contracture of the hip
Authors: Tani Tetsuro , Ando Wataru , Hamada Hidetoshi , Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronal hip contracture induces pelvic obliquity in the presence of hip osteoarthritis (HOA), followed by the functional leg‐length discrepancy. To promote accurate diagnosis of contracture and proper management of soft tissue release in total hip arthroplasty (THA), this study aimed to clarify the morphological features on plain radiographs that are related to contracture in patients with HOA. Two hundred forty‐three hips of 231 patients with HOA who underwent primary THA were included in this study. Preoperative pelvic radiographs of the bilateral hips in maximum adduction and abduction were used to quantify contracture. Patients were grouped according to their contracture as having abduction contracture, adduction contracture, or minimal contracture. We investigated HOA, subluxation, anatomical factors, spinal factors, and the morphology of osteophytes at the inferomedial femoral head and compared parameters among groups to clarify the predictors of contracture. Eighteen hips (7.6%) were classified as having adduction contracture and 23 (9.4%) as having abduction contracture. Crowe classification, leg‐length discrepancy, and osteophyte morphology showed significant correlations with adduction contracture. Factors significantly correlated with abduction contracture were offset difference, pelvic obliquity, functional femoral anteversion, and osteophyte morphology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factor most strongly related to adduction contracture was Crowe III classification, whereas the strongest predictor of abduction contracture was osteophyte morphology. In conclusion, hip subluxation was related to the adduction contracture of the hip, whereas osteophyte morphology was related to abduction contracture.