bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel observation method for determining the crack stress thresholds of rock based on Hooke's law
Authors: Du Ruifeng , Pei Xiangjun , Jia Jun , Zhang Xiaochao , Gao Meiben , Li Tiantao , Zhang Guohua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe crack stress thresholds of rocks have remained a focus in rock mechanics and engineering. Herein, a novel observation method uses Hooke's law to evaluate crack stress thresholds based on transition points in the equivalent elastic modulus. Unlike previous studies, this method considers confining pressure as a variable and involves a differential method to handle the variation of discrete data. To test the method, we compare it with the volumetric strain method and another observation method with respect to the crack stress thresholds of sandstone and granite. The results are within the boundary values presented in the literatures. For the sandstone and granite samples, the proposed method performs better than the other two methods. In summary, the results indicate that the proposed method can be practically applied with that a promising performance. In the future, we will further improve the method by considering more types of rocks with various confining pressures.
Preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, an independent risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Yong Rong , Meng Yongsheng 
Published: August 2020

AimThis study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC) after radical gastrectomy.MethodsIn total, 221 elderly patients with GC who were scheduled to undergo selective radical gastrectomy in our hospital were enrolled in this study. To define early POCD, the neuropsychological assessment was carried out 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to evaluate the predicative and cut‐off values of risk factors, including neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for early POCD. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for early POCD.ResultsOf the 221 enrolled elderly patients with GC, 42 were identified as early POCD with an incidence of 19.0% (42 of 221). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that NLR was a significant predictor for POCD with a cut‐off value of 2.50 and an area under the curve of 0.711 (95% confidence interval: 0.624–0.798, P < 0.001). Preoperative NLR (≥2.50) was the only independent risk factor associated with POCD (odds ratio: 2.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–3.68, P = 0.013) by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsPreoperative NLR level was an independent risk factor for POCD in elderly patients with GC undergoing curative resection. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 927–931.
Examining university leadership and the increase in workplace hostility through a Bourdieusian lens
Authors: Heffernan Troy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch has noted an increase in negative workplace behaviours in the higher education sector between leaders and staff. A component of this change has been attributed to the managerial shift associated with faculty leadership roles. Positions such as dean are now sometimes filled via evidence of management experience when traditionally these roles were awarded to senior academics. This paper argues that the workplace divides between leaders employed due to management expertise (and with less regard to their research accomplishments) and academics has created new fault lines in institutional hierarchies that are impacting on intra‐faculty relationships as each group adjusts to contemporary institutional management strategies. Bourdieu's notions of habitus, capital, and field are used to dissect these fault lines and hierarchical structures to assist in understanding why the leadership shift is causing divides, if the issue is likely to continue creating rifts, and if the divide can be repaired.
Dynamic reverse supply chain network design under uncertainty: mathematical modeling and solution algorithm
Authors: Jeihoonian Mohammad , Kazemi Zanjani Masoumeh , Gendreau Michel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMotivated by the recovery of modular‐structured products, this study addresses the flexible design of a reverse supply chain (RSC) over a planning horizon while incorporating the dynamic uncertain behavior of product returns. The stochastic parameter is modeled as a scenario tree and therefore the concerned problem is formulated as a multistage mixed‐integer stochastic program. To alleviate the computational complexity of the proposed model, it is decomposed into smaller scenario cluster submodels associated with a number of subtrees that share a certain number of predecessor nodes in the original scenario tree. The submodels are coordinated into an implementable solution via a Lagrangian‐progressive hedging‐based method that employs a viable Benders decomposition based algorithm for solving each scenario cluster submodel. Based on a realistic scale case, computational results indicate the superiority of the proposed flexible dynamic RSC design model compared to the existing models. Results also demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution approach.
Risk of readmissions, mortality, and hospital‐acquired conditions across hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) stages in a US National Hospital Discharge database
Authors: Wassel Christina L. , Delhougne Gary , Gayle Julie A. , Dreyfus Jill , Larson Barrett 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPressure injuries are one of the most common and costly complications occurring in US hospitals. With up to 3 million patients affected each year, hospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) place a substantial burden on the US healthcare system. In the current study, US hospital discharge records from 9.6 million patients during the period from October 2009 through September 2014 were analysed to determine the incremental cost of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries by stage. Of the 46 108 patients experiencing HAPI, 16.3% had Stage 1, 41.0% had Stage 2, 7.0% had Stage 3, 2.8% had Stage 4, 7.3% had unstageable, 14.6% had unspecified, and 10.9% had missing staging information. In propensity score‐adjusted models, increasing HAPI severity was significantly associated with higher total costs and increased overall length of stay when compared with patients not experiencing a HAPI at the index hospitalisation. The average incremental cost for a HAPI was $21 767. Increasing HAPI severity was significantly associated with greater risk of in‐hospital mortality at the index hospitalisation compared with patients with no HAPI, as well as 1.5 to 2 times greater risk of 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day readmissions. Additionally, increasing HAPI severity was significantly associated with increasing risk of other hospital‐acquired conditions, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and venous thromboembolism during the index hospitalisation. By preventing pressure injuries, hospitals have the potential to reduce unreimbursed treatment expenditures, reduce length of stay, minimise readmissions, prevent associated complications, and improve overall outcomes for their patients.
Financial constraints and future tax outcome volatility
Authors: Akamah Herita T. , Omer Thomas C. , Shu Sydney Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate whether variation in the volatility of tax outcomes across firms is associated with the extent of financial constraints. We document a positive association between current‐period financial constraints and the volatility of cash effective tax rates in subsequent periods. We find that this positive association becomes more pronounced as firms avoid more cash taxes. These results suggest that as financial constraints increase, the benefits of cash tax savings more likely outweigh the costs associated with more volatile tax outcomes. Recent research documents a negative association between financial constraints and the level of cash taxes paid. Our evidence suggests that tax strategies adopted by more financially constrained firms to increase cash tax savings come at the price of more volatile future tax rates.
Error detection through mouse movement in an online adaptive learning environment
Authors: de Mooij Susanne M. M. , Raijmakers Maartje E. J. , Dumontheil Iroise , Kirkham Natasha Z. , van der Maas Han L. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile response time and accuracy indicate overall performance, their value in uncovering cognitive processes, underlying learning, is limited. A promising online measure, designed to track decision‐making, is computer mouse tracking, where mouse attraction towards different locations may reflect the consideration of alternative response options. Using a speedy arithmetic multiple‐choice game in an online adaptive learning environment, we examined whether mouse movements could reflect arithmetic difficulties when error rates are low. Results showed that mouse movements towards alternative responses in correctly answered questions mapped onto the frequency of errors made in this online learning system. This mapping was stronger for the younger children, as well as for easy arithmetic problems. On an individual level, users showed more mouse movement towards their previously made response errors than towards other alternative options. This opens the possibility of adapting feedback and instruction on an individual basis through mouse tracking.
The added benefit of an extra practice session in virtual reality on the development of presentation skills: A randomized control trial
Authors: Boetje Josien , van Ginkel Stan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeveloping oral presentation skills is an essential objective of higher education. While previous research emphasized the importance of practice for developing oral presentation skills (OPS), it remains unclear what the optimal amount of practice is. This experimental field study examined the added benefit of an extra practice session in virtual reality (VR) on the progression of 35 graduate students in OPS, using a pre‐test post‐test design. In addition, the mediating effect of public speaking anxiety (PSA) was examined and the relation between PSA, preparation practices, perceived utility of VR and OPS was explored. Questionnaires and performance assessments were used in data collection. Results showed that participants gained benefits from practicing a third time before a virtual audience. Both anxious and non‐anxious participants progressed similarly on presentation skills and experienced the VR intervention comparably. However, the optimal number of practice presentations remains unclear and should be further investigated.
Augmented reality in language learning: A state‐of‐the‐art review of 2014–2019
Authors: Parmaxi Antigoni , Demetriou Alan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis systematic review study synthesizes research findings pertaining to the use of augmented reality (AR) in language learning. Published research from 2014 to 2019 has been explored and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied resulting in 54 relevant publications. Our findings determined: (a) devices and software employed for mastering AR; languages and contexts in which AR had been applied; theoretical perspectives adopted for guiding the use of AR; the number of participants in AR activities and benefits from using AR as an educational tool in the language classroom; (b) alignment of the affordances of Augmented Reality with the KSAVE (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Values, Ethics) 21st‐century skills framework; (c) future directions in AR research and practice. The main findings from this review demonstrate the popularity of mobile‐based AR for supporting vocabulary (23.9%), reading (12.7%), speaking (9.9%) writing (8.5%) or generic language skills (9.9%). Our findings also uncovered areas that merit future attention in the application of AR in language learning – for instance learning theories were not often considered in the implementation of AR. The study concludes with suggestions for future research especially in the areas of instructional design and user experience.
α‐Mangostin‐encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles inhibit colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting Notch pathway
Authors: Chandra Boinpelly Varun , Verma Raj K. , Srivastav Sudesh , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Shankar Sharmila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related mortality. Recent studies have stated that Notch signalling is highly activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Like normal colorectal epithelium, CRCs are organized hierarchically and include populations of CSCs. In order to enhance the biological activity of α‐mangostin, we formulated α‐mangostin‐encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (Mang‐NPs) and examined the molecular mechanisms by which Mang‐NPs inhibit CRC cell viability, colony formation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induce apoptosis. Mang‐NPs inhibited cell viability, colony formation and induced apoptosis. Mang‐NPs also inhibited EMT by up‐regulating E‐cadherin and inhibiting N‐cadherin and transcription factors Snail, Slug and Zeb1. As dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes oncogenesis, we measured the effects of Mang‐NPs on Notch pathway. Mang‐NPs inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1 and Notch2), their ligands (Jagged 1 and DLL4), γ‐secretase complex protein (Nicastrin) and downstream target (Hes‐1). Notch receptor signalling regulates cell fate determination in stem cell population. Finally, Mang‐NPs inhibited the self‐renewal capacity of CSCs, stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, Musashi and LGR5) and pluripotency maintaining factors (Oct4, Sox‐2, KLF‐4, c‐Myc and Nanog). Overall, our data suggest that Mang‐NPs can inhibit CRC growth, EMT and CSCs’ population by suppressing Notch pathway and its target. Therefore, Mang‐NPs can be used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
Updated S2K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV)
Authors: Joly P. , Horvath B. , Patsatsi Α , Uzun S. , Bech R. , Beissert S. , Bergman R. , Bernard P. , Borradori L. , Caproni M. , Caux F. , Cianchini G. , Daneshpazhooh M. , De D , Dmochowski M. , Drenovska K. , Ehrchen J. , Feliciani C. , Goebeler M. , Groves R. , Guenther C. , Hofmann S. , Ioannides D. , Kowalewski C. , Ludwig R. , Lim Y.L. , Marinovic B. , Marzano A.V. , Mascaró J.M. , Mimouni D. , Murrell D.F. , Pincelli C. , Squarcioni C.P. , Sárdy M. , Setterfield J. , Sprecher E. , Vassileva S. , Wozniak K. , Yayli S. , Zambruno G. , Zillikens D. , Hertl M. , Schmidt E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus encompasses a group of life‐threatening autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by blisters and erosions of the mucous membranes and skin. Before the era of immunosuppressive treatment, pemphigus was almost always fatal. Due to its rarity, only few randomized controlled therapeutic trials are available. Recently, rituximab has been approved as first‐line treatment for moderate and severe pemphigus vulgaris in Europe and the United States.ObjectivesThe Autoimmune blistering diseases Task Force of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) has initiated a throughout update of the guideline for the management of patients with pemphigus.ResultsThe guidelines for the management of pemphigus were updated, and the degree of consent among all task force members was included. The final version of the guideline was consented by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and several patient organizations.
The production economics of economics production
Authors: Hu Yushan , Li Ben G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow is new economic knowledge produced over time? That depends on how the expertise of authors is managed within economic journals. Using data from 41 major economics journals spanning 21 years (1994–2014), we find that both the intensive margin (article length) and extensive margin (article number) of the discipline have been growing. In particular, the extensive margin has outgrown the intensive margin, such that each article produces absolutely more but relatively less knowledge. This pattern is highly consistent with a model of within‐journal specialization. As predicted by the model, the share of an individual article shrinks less in general interest journals and in more prestigious journals, where expertise is less substitutable across topics.
An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland, a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Delalay Gary , Berezowski John Andrew , Diserens Nicolas , Schmidt‐Posthaus Heike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production. However, morbidity and mortality are higher in aquaculture species than in domestic animals. Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of farmed fish morbidity and are often treated with antimicrobials. Since most Swiss fish farms release effluents directly into surface water without treatment and since aquaculture fish are consumed by humans, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi‐resistance in aquaculture fish are important for environmental and public health. In this study, AMR tests for 14 antimicrobials were performed on 1,448 isolates from 1,134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish submissions for the period from 2000 to 2017. Amoxicillin, gentamycin and norfloxacin had the lowest proportion of resistant samples. However, AMR was highly variable over time. Resistance proportions were higher in: (a) ornamental fish compared with farmed fish, (b) fish from recirculation systems compared with those from other farming systems and (c) isolates originating from skin compared with those originating from inner organs. Multiple resistances were common. The results of this study provide useful data for Swiss fish veterinarians and some interesting hypotheses about risk factors for AMR in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland. However, further research is needed to define risk factors.
Mysterious syndrome causing high mortality in wild brown trout in Eastern Switzerland, pathology and search for a possible cause
Authors: Schmidt‐Posthaus Heike , Koch Michel , Seuberlich Torsten , Birrer Christoph , Hirschi Regula , Kugler Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince 2016, annually occurring species‐specific die‐offs of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) occurred in the Thur River, situated in the Eastern part of Switzerland. These events lead to drastically reduced population densities in the impacted river regions. Clinical signs in brown trout and mortality were restricted to few weeks in August/September. To characterize the syndrome and to find possible causes, from end of March to November 2018, one‐year‐old brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to water from Thur River, fish were sampled regularly and screened for infectious agents, including viral metagenomics, and pathology was described. Starting approximately four months post‐exposure, brown trout showed severe lymphohistiocytic pancarditis and necrotizing and haemorrhagic hepatitis. These lesions were recorded until the end of the experiment in November. Rainbow trout were not affected at any point in time. No infectious agents could be identified so far as cause of disease, especially no viral aetiology. Even if pathogenesis and pathology point in the direction of an infectious agent, a causative relationship could not be confirmed and aetiology remains unclear.
Modeling and kinetics of microwave assisted leaching based oil extraction from Bhat
Authors: Kate Adinath , Singh Anupama , Shahi Navin , Pandey Jai prakash , Prakash Om 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA polar green solvent based Microwave assisted oil extraction from low oil content source like bhat seed is one of the novel and sustainable approach. The understanding of exact mechanism of mass transfer and hence oil extraction is vital for its industrial scale application. The kinetics of oil extraction and their modeling is carried out in present investigation. The MAE of oil from different size particles (<1, 2, and 4 mm) of bhat seed sample was carried out through isopropanol as solvent. Fick's law based model and two stage (washing and diffusion) extraction based empirical model was fitted to the experimental data. Fick's law shown the best fit to all three particle sizes with R2 .98, .98, and .97, respectively. The diffusion rate was observed to be decreased from 0.54 to 0.26 min−1 with increase in particle size. Empirical model shown that the washing stage was most predominant over diffusion with extraction rate few hundred times the diffusion.Practical ApplicationIn recent years, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) attracts the industrial interest because of various advantages. But, the phenomenon of MAE is considerably different than conventional solvent extraction. The understanding of insight in to the process of mass transfer kinetics taking place during extraction is the key requirement for design and scale‐up of the extraction system. Therefore, the present investigation understands the mass transfer and extraction dynamics taking place at molecular level especially in low oil content source, which will help for large‐scale commercial design of MAE systems.
Prediction of the prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma by TERT promoter mutations in circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Hirai Mami , Kinugasa Hideaki , Nouso Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Shumpei , Terasawa Hiroyuki , Onishi Yuma , Oyama Atsushi , Adachi Takuya , Wada Nozomu , Sakata Masahiro , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Onishi Hideki , Shiraha Hidenori , Takaki Akinobu , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground andAimHuman telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were the most prevalent mutations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We tried to detect the mutations with plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with advanced HCC and elucidated their clinical utility.MethodsCirculating tumor DNA in plasma was extracted from 130 patients with advanced HCC who were treated with systemic chemotherapy (n = 86) or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (n = 44), and TERT promoter mutations were examined with digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. The correlations between these mutations and the clinical outcome of patients were analyzed.ResultsOf the 130 patients examined, 71 patients (54.6%) were positive for TERT promoter mutations in ctDNA, of which 64 patients were −124bp G > A and 10 were −146bp G > A. The presence of TERT promoter mutations was correlated with large intrahepatic tumor size (P = 0.05) and high des‐gamma carboxyprothrombin (P = 0.005). Overall survival of the patients with the mutations was significantly shorter than those without them (P < 0.001), and the patients with high (≥ 1%) fractional abundance of the mutant alleles showed shorter survival than those with low (< 1%) fractional abundance. Multivariate analysis revealed that TERT promoter mutation (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–3.24; P < 0.01), systemic chemotherapy (HR: 2.38; 95% CI, 1.29–4.57; P < 0.01), and vascular invasion (HR: 2.16; 95% CI, 1.22–3.76; P < 0.01) were significant factors for poor overall survival.ConclusionsTERT promoter mutations in ctDNA were associated with short survival and could be a valuable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.