bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Consumption Difference Analysis of Key Parameters Variations of 1000MW Ultra-Supercritical Double Reheat Coal-Fired Power Generation System
Authors: Liqiang Duan , Jing Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper makes the energy consumption difference analysis of the key parameters variations of a 1000MW Ultra-Supercritical Double Reheat coal-fired power generation system. By applying the constant power variable condition calculation method for the steam turbine thermal system, the energy consumption difference analysis mode is established. The energy consumption difference of the key parameters variations (such as the main steam pressure, the main steam temperature and the exhaust steam pressure) of a 1000MW ultra-supercritical double reheat coal-fired power generation system at THA load, 75%THA load, 50%THA load and 40%THA load are investigated. The effects of the key parameter changes on the gross turbine heat rate and coal consumption rate at different working conditions are analyzed, as well as the corresponding energy consumption variation characteristic curves, and the variation rules of power generation efficiency are explored. In addition, the energy consumption difference variation rules of system at different working conditions are studied when any two key parameters such as the main steam temperature, main steam pressure, and the exhaust pressure change simultaneously. The research results show that within a certain range of variation, when the main steam temperature or the main steam pressure increase, or the exhaust gas pressure decreases, the energy consumption of the overall system drops. And with the reduction of load, the main steam temperature has the greatest influence on the coal consumption. By studying the effects of the simultaneous change of two key parameters on the energy consumption of the overall system, it is found that under the same load, the change of the exhaust gas pressure has the greatest influence on the system energy consumption. This paper will provide the theoretical guidance for the energy-saving diagnosis and operation optimization of ultra-supercritical double reheat coal-fired power generation system.
Processing of Agricultural Biomass for Producing Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Dikici Birce , Motagi Samarth , Kantamani Prahruth , Ayyagari Suma , Villarroel Gustavo , Al-Haik Marwan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fast growing plants or biomass wastes can be used as affordable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic insulation materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites as potential building materials. As a natural fiber, Bermuda grass seeds, conifer cones and pinecones are selected. The fundamental processes to develop nanofiber reinforced resin by processing agricultural waste fibers into nanocellulose is also investigated. Tensile tests are conducted to define stress/strain relationship. SEM tests are conducted to evaluate the surface topologies after fracture. The tensile fracture surfaces of composites were investigated. With the addition of Bermuda fibers, the stiffness of the vinyl ester sample was observed to increase by 624.2% compared to neat vinyl ester sample. With the addition of nanocellulose fibers, the stiffness of the composite was observed to increase by 53.3% compared to neat vinyl ester sample.
Underground CSP Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Mahmud Roohany , Erguvan Mustafa , MacPhee David W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising ways to generate electricity from solar thermal sources. In this situation, large tracking mirrors focus sunlight on a receiver and provide energy input to a heat engine. Inside the receiver the temperature can be well above 1000°C, and molten salts or oils are typically used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). However, since the sun does not shine at night, a remaining concern is how to store thermal energy to avoid the use of fossil fuels to provide baseline electricity demand, especially in the late evenings when electricity demand peaks. In this study, a new method will be investigated to store thermal energy underground using a borehole energy storage system. Numerical simulations are undertaken to assess the suitability and design constraints of such systems using both molten salt as HTF.
Pyrolysis and CO2 Gasification of Composite Polymer Absorbent Waste for Syngas Production
Authors: Burra K. G. , Singh P. , Déparrois N. , Gupta A. K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Development of alternative carbonaceous sources for energy production is essential to alleviate the dependence on depleting fossil fuels which led to increasing atmospheric CO2 and thus global warming. While biomass utilization for energy and chemical production has been extensively studied in the literature, such studies on municipal solid wastes is difficult to interpret due to the heterogeneous nature of the waste. Understanding of the influence of individual components is necessary for comprehensive development of waste-to-energy pathway. One such waste that is complicated and has often been ignored in the literature is composite polymer absorbent material waste which can also be considered as a potential feedstock for thermochemical pathway of energy production. Composite polymer absorbent materials are ubiquitously used these days in the form of sanitary napkins, diapers, water blockers, fire blockers and surgical pads due to their high water-absorptive nature. Pyrolysis and CO2 gasification is ideal for such materials due to its versatile feedstock intake and uniform product output in the form of syngas with adjustable composition. CO2 gasification also provides the added benefit of CO2 utilization which provides carbon offset to this process. In the present study, a mixture of cellulose, absorbent material (sodium polyacrylate), polypropylene and polystyrene in a fixed proportion, to model approximate composition of a diaper, was examined for its pyrolysis and CO2 gasification capability for viable syngas production. The influence of individual components into the syngas yield from the composite waste gasification was also investigated. A fixed-bed, semi-batch reactor facility along with gas chromatography was employed to analyse the syngas yield and compositional evolution. Pyrolysis was done under nitrogen atmosphere and gasification was done under CO2 atmosphere. CO2 gasification provided net CO2 consumption which means a net reduction in carbon emissions per joule of energy produced. The sample was tested under four isothermal conditions of 973, 1073, and 1173 K to understand the impact of operational conditions on the syngas yield. Influence of individual component of the composite absorbent waste on the syngas yield and composition was also analyzed by comparing these syngas characteristics with that of the yield from gasification of its individual components separately at 1173 K. These investigations provided us with novel results on the behavior and capabilities of these composite polymer absorbent wastes and which opens up a new avenue towards efficient utilization of solid waste resources for sustainable energy production in the form of syngas which can also be used for various chemicals production such as methanol, gasoline and other petrochemical products.
Flame Imaging of Highly Turbulent Premixed Methane-Air Combustion Using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) of CH (C-X)
Authors: Hossain Md. Amzad , Islam Md Nawshad Arslan , Choudhuri Ahsan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents an investigation of CH (C-X) planar laser induced fluorescence imaging (PLIF) of highly turbulent methane-air flames inside a windowed combustor. Flame dynamics and flame growth and evolution of methane-air flames stabilized over a backward facing step at high Reynolds Number (Re) (Re = 15000 and Re = 30000) with an equivalence ratio of 0.7 are discussed. It was observed that the flame evolution was faster at Re = 30000 than that of Re = 15000. The rate of initiation or formation of wrinkles, detachment of the wrinkles and burnout of the burned gases from the flame core increased with the increase in Re. The qualitative flame imaging shows that the width of the flame profile increases as the flame progress towards downstream and the flame becomes thinner as the turbulence level increases. An experimental methodology was developed to optimize the system for excitation, detection of the CH C-X band and post-processing the PLIF images.
Smart Sensor Technologies for Performance Optimization of Power Generating Assets
Authors: Sunder Raj Komandur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Significant research is ongoing on several fronts in smart sensor technologies for optimizing the performance of power generating assets. The initiatives include:
1. Real-time models with advanced computational algorithms, embedded intelligence at sensor and component level for reducing operating costs, improving efficiencies, and lowering emissions.
2. Optical sapphire sensors for monitoring operation and performance of critical components in harsh environments, for improving accuracy of measurements in combustion monitoring, and lowering operating costs.
3. Wireless technologies using (a) microwave acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring of equipment in high temperature/pressure environments (b) integrated gas/temperature acoustic sensors for combustion monitoring in diverse harsh environment locations to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower maintenance costs (c) sensors for sensing temperature, strain and soot accumulation inside coal-fired boilers for detailed condition monitoring, better understanding of combustion and heat exchange processes, improved designs, more efficient operation.
4. Distributed optical fiber sensing system for real-time monitoring and optimization of high temperature profiles for improving efficiency and lowering emissions.
5. Smart parts with embedded sensors for in situ monitoring of multiple parameters in existing and new facilities.
6. Optimizing advanced 3D manufacturing processes for embedded sensors in components for harsh environments to reduce costs and improve efficiency of power generation facilities with carbon capture capabilities.
7. New energy-harvesting materials for powering wireless sensors in harsh environments, improving reliability of wireless sensors in demanding environments, and in-situ monitoring and performance of devices and systems.
8. Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of temperature at distributed locations of sensors in harsh environments for improving operations and reducing operating costs.
9. Algorithms and methodologies for designing control systems utilizing distributed intelligence for optimal control of power generation facilities.
10. Gas sensors for monitoring high temperatures in harsh environments for lowering operating costs and better control of operations.
11. Optimizing placement of smart sensors in networks for cognitive behavior and self-learning.
This paper provides an overview of the initiatives in smart sensor technologies and their applications in optimizing the performance of power generating facilities.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Home Cooling System With Supercooling-Based Ice Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Yili , Kissick Sean , Wang Hailei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
City’s electricity power grid is under heavy load during on-peak hours throughout summer cooling season. As the result, many utility companies implemented the time-of-use rate of electricity leading to high electricity cost for customers with significant cooling needs. On the other hand, the need for electricity and/or cooling decreases greatly at night, creating excess electricity capacity for further utilization. An innovative ice energy storage system is being developed leveraging a unique supercooling-based ice production process. During off-peak hours the proposed system stores the low-cost electric energy in the form of ice; during on-peak hours the system releases the stored energy to meet extensive home cooling needs. Thus, it can not only reduce energy and cost of cooling, but also increase the penetration of renewable energies (especially wind energy). In this paper, the working principles of the system is presented along with the modeling details of the overall system and several key components. The Simulink model takes in hourly temperature and peak/off peak electricity cost data to dynamically simulate the amount of energy required and associated cost for cooling an average home. Both energy consumption and cost for homes using the cooling system with ice energy storage in two US cities have been compared with those using conventional HVAC cooling system. According to the model, huge reduction in energy cost (up to 3X) can be achieved over six months of cooling season in regions with high peak electricity rates. While only moderate reduction on energy consumption is predicted for the ice energy storage system, further energy reduction potentials have been identified for future study.
Fluid Structure Interaction Analyses of Wind Turbines: The North Carolina Jennette’s Pier Turbines Case Study
Authors: Goudarzi Navid , Mohafez Mir Hamed , Williams Wesley 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wind power is known as an abundant source of energy that can be a promising alternative to conventional energy resources. Obtaining a competitive cost of energy for wind power harnessing technologies requires accurate resource assessment and design analyses. A robust, yet cost-effective wind turbine structure design reduces the chance of system failure in extreme events; it also reduces the operation and maintenance cost. This work obtains the required inputs for conducting fluid structure interaction (FSI) analyses of 3D Bergey Excel 10kW wind turbine installed in Jennette’s Pier in North Carolina. Six years (2013–2018) wind data (magnitude and direction) at the Jennette’s Pier are used to obtain the site wind characteristics. Some worthwhile data such as prevailing wind direction and wind speed, average air temperature, pressure and density are determined through this study. The flow field around the turbine blades is simulated to obtain the pressure distribution and aerodynamic coefficients using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, ANSYS Workbench. The results will be beneficiary to the researchers and engineers in evaluating the turbine performance in sites with wind characteristics similar to Jennette’s Pier. Moreover, the outputs of the work can be used for designing enhanced drivetrain components.
Experimental Investigation on Flow Field Characteristics by Drag Reducing Agent Additives in Stirred Vessel
Authors: Qi Xueyu , Wu Ting , Chen Yiming , Yang Ke , Zhao Wei , Wang Wei , Gong Jing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, experimental investigation on two oil-soluble DRAs were carried out in stirred vessel by standard six-blade Rushton, based on the application of particle image velocimeter (PIV). Two DRAs (1# and 2#) with different concentration from 3 ppm to 50 ppm were added into diesel respectively, and speed of impeller speed was set 400 rpm. Flow field characteristics including turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, energy dissipation rate influenced by those additives in stirred vessel were study. It was found that inhibition effect of turbulence intensity of the two DRAs is not obvious with concentration below 10 ppm. However, when concentration is above 10 ppm, turbulence inhibition effect become more obvious. Under low concentration, 1# has better turbulence inhibition effect in area near impeller, while 2# has better turbulence inhibition effect under high concentration. When the two DRAs are under the same concentration of 50ppm, turbulent flow energy and energy dissipation rate are obviously reduced.
Effective coverage and budget implications of skill-mix change to improve neonatal nursing care: an explorative simulation study in Kenya
Authors: Tsiachristas Apostolos , Gathara David , Aluvaala Jalemba , Chege Timothy , Barasa Edwine , English Mike 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionNeonatal mortality is an urgent policy priority to improve global population health and reduce health inequality. As health systems in Kenya and elsewhere seek to tackle increased neonatal mortality by improving the quality of care, one option is to train and employ neonatal healthcare assistants (NHCAs) to support professional nurses by taking up low-skill tasks.MethodsMonte-Carlo simulation was performed to estimate the potential impact of introducing NHCAs in neonatal nursing care in four public hospitals in Nairobi on effectively treated newborns and staff costs over a period of 10 years. The simulation was informed by data from 3 workshops with >10 stakeholders each, hospital records and scientific literature. Two univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to further address uncertainty.ResultsStakeholders perceived that 49% of a nurse full-time equivalent could be safely delegated to NHCAs in standard care, 31% in intermediate care and 20% in intensive care. A skill-mix with nurses and NHCAs would require ~2.6 billionKenyan Shillings (KES) (US$26 million) to provide quality care to 58% of all newborns in need (ie, current level of coverage in Nairobi) over a period of 10 years. This skill-mix configuration would require ~6 billion KES (US$61 million) to provide quality of care to almost all newborns in need over 10 years.ConclusionChanging skill-mix in hospital care by introducing NHCAs may be an affordable way to reduce neonatal mortality in low/middle-income countries. This option should be considered in ongoing policy discussions and supported by further evidence.
Comparative efficacy and safety of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Yang Man , Yu Yuanyuan , Lei Ping-Guang , Yuan Jinqiu 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 10% to 25% of the adult population. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics for IBS but the results were inconsistent. Previous meta-analyses have shown that probiotics are effective for IBS, but the comparative efficacy of individual species is unclear. In addition, evidence regarding the superiority of combination over single probiotic is still lacking. We, therefore, perform this study to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of various species of probiotics, and combination regimens for the treatment of IBS.Methods and analysisThis study is a systematic review with network meta-analysis. We will search PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL for randomised controlled trials comparing probiotics with placebo or comparing different probiotics for IBS, with no language restrictions. The primary outcomes will be treatment response and global IBS-symptom score. We will initially combine included studies with traditional pairwise meta-analysis and then with random-effects network meta-analysis. We will quantify the effect of potential effect modifiers by meta-regression if appropriate. We will check the consistency assumption by testing the absolute difference between direct and indirect estimates for comparisons in closed loops. The quality of evidence will be evaluated according to the GRADE framework.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for literature-based studies. We will disseminate the findings through publications in peer-reviewed journals and relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018102101
Cutaneous manifestation of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an Australian shepherd dog
Authors: Ramos Sara J , Woodward Michelle C , Wakamatsu Nobuko , Bolin Steven R , Friedman Martha Lane 
Published: December 2019

A three‐year‐old male neutered Australian shepherd dog presented with a one‐week history of diffuse ulcerative cutaneous nodules. On physical examination the dog had generalised lymphadenomegaly with multiple well‐circumscribed subcutaneous to dermal nodules with central haemorrhagic ulceration affecting the face, dorsum, dorsal cervical area and abdomen. Histopathological findings revealed severe suppurative and pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with acid‐fast pleomorphic bacterium present. Mycobacterial culture of tissue was negative. Repeated PCR assays on formalin‐fixed tissue followed by nucleic acid sequencing confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium avium complex. Treatment was initiated with clarithromycin (10.9 mg/kg orally every 12 hours) and rifampin (13.2 mg/kg orally every 24 hours) and resulted in clinical resolution of the lesions within two weeks. Treatment was continued for six months and then discontinued. Seventeen months following treatment discontinuation, the dog was clinically and systemically well with no relapse noted.
Validation of transfer map calculation for electrostatic deflectors in the code COSY INFINITY
Authors: Valetov Eremey , Berz Martin , Makino Kyoko 
Published: December 2019

The code COSY INFINITY uses a beamline coordinate system with a Frenet–Serret frame relative to the reference particle, and calculates differential algebra-valued transfer maps by integrating the ODEs of motion in the respective vector space over a differential algebra (DA). We described and performed computation of the DA transfer map of an electrostatic spherical deflector in a laboratory coordinate system using two conventional methods: (1) by integrating the ODEs of motion using a numerical integrator and (2) by computing analytically and in closed form the properties of the respective elliptical orbits from Kepler theory. We compared the resulting transfer maps with (3) the DA transfer map of COSY INFINITY’s built-in electrostatic spherical deflector element [Formula: see text] and (4) the transfer map of the electrostatic spherical deflector computed using the program GIOS, which uses analytic formulas from a paper1 by Hermann Wollnik regarding second-order aberrations. In addition to the electrostatic spherical deflector, we studied an electrostatic cylindrical deflector, where the Kepler theory is not applicable. We computed the DA transfer map by the ODE integration method (1), and we compared it with the transfer maps by (3) COSY INFINITY’s built-in electrostatic cylindrical deflector element [Formula: see text] and (4) GIOS. The transfer maps of electrostatic spherical and cylindrical deflectors obtained using the direct calculation methods (1) and (2) are in excellent agreement with those computed using (3) COSY INFINITY. On the other hand, we found a significant discrepancy with (4) the program GIOS.