bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Post‐NPM’ by force or fiat? A comparison of administrative reform trajectories in Brazil and Mexico1
Authors: Donadelli Flavia , Cunha Bruno Q. , Dussauge‐Laguna Mauricio I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract‘New Public Management’ (NPM) ideas gained widespread acceptance all over the world in the 1980s and 1990s. In developing countries, notable examples of its influence include the Brazilian ‘Master Plan for Reforming Public Administration’, launched in 1995 by president Cardoso, and the Mexican ‘Federal Public Administration Modernisation Programme’ created in the same year by president Zedillo. Both reflected NPM doctrine and advanced changes for the organisation of the Executive. This article explores the evolution of these two countries' managerial reforms and the extent to which they eventually continued converging (or not) around similar principles, such as those often referred to as ‘Post‐New Public Management’ (Post‐NPM). By applying quantitative textual analysis of official documents and an analysis of self‐reported institutional changes, the article concludes that despite their governing parties' strong political differences Mexico and Brazil did converge during the 2000s, improving controls from the centre, and prioritising the adoption of transparency and participation tools. The comparison of the trajectories of the administrative reforms of these countries between 1995 and 2016 contributes to international debates on policy convergence and Post‐NPM reforms.
A quality improvement project to increase palliative care team involvement in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Farooki Sana , Olaiya Oluwaseun , Tarbell Lisa , Clark Nicholas A. , Linebarger Jennifer S. , Stroh John , Ellis Kelstan , Lewing Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric palliative care (PPC) for oncology patients improves quality of life and the likelihood of goal‐concordant care. However, barriers to involvement exist.ObjectivesWe aimed to increase days between PPC consult and death for patients with refractory cancer from a baseline median of 13.5 days to ≥30 days between March 2019 and March 2020.MethodsOutcome measure was days from PPC consult to death; process measure was days from diagnosis to PPC consult. The project team surveyed oncologists to identify barriers. Plan‐do‐study‐act cycles included establishing target diagnoses, offering education, standardizing documentation, and sending reminders.ResultsThe 24‐month baseline period included 30 patients who died and 25 newly diagnosed patients. The yearlong intervention period included six patients who died and 16 newly diagnosed patients. Interventions improved outcome and process measures. Targeted patients receiving PPC ≥30 days prior to death increased from 43% to 100%; median days from consult to death increased from 13.5 to 159.5. Targeted patients receiving PPC within 30 days of diagnosis increased from 28% to 63%; median days from diagnosis to consult decreased from 221.5 to 14. Of those without PPC consult ≤ 30 days after diagnosis, 17% had template documentation of the rationale.ConclusionInterventions utilized met the global aim, outcome, and process measures. Use of QI methodology empowered providers to involve PPC. Poor template use was a barrier to identifying further drivers. Future directions for this project relate to expanding the target list, creating long‐term sustainability, formalizing standards, and surveying patients and families.
Polyamine pathway is associated with muscle anabolic effects by androgen receptor ligand
Authors: Kanou Masanobu , Nakamura Katsuyuki , Horie Kyohei , Sakai Hiroshi , Yanagihara Yuta , Sakakibara Iori , Yamana Kei , Imai Yuuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting is a common condition concomitant with aging. Androgens significantly increase skeletal muscle mass, but the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in skeletal muscle is not well established. TEI‐SARM2, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), was developed as a pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of muscle wasting diseases.MethodsThe efficacy and specificity of TEI‐SARM2 were analysed in vitro assays, and efficacy was also evaluated in vivo using orchiectomized male rats, rat tail‐suspension, rat and mice cancer‐induced muscle atrophy models, and female cynomolgus monkeys. Male myofibre‐specific AR‐knockout (mARKO) mice were orchiectomized to investigate the role of AR in muscle using TEI‐SARM2. RNA‐seq analysis of bulbocavernosus muscle was performed. The effects of spermidine were evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts.ResultsSelective, potent anabolic effects of TEI‐SARM2 in muscle were detected in rats and monkeys. TEI‐SARM2 inhibited muscle loss and promoted muscle recovery in a model of muscle disuse and prevented muscle wasting and improved survival rate in cancer models. In vivo and RNA‐seq analyses revealed that AR regulates skeletal muscle mass in myofibres and extra‐myofibres, both directly and indirectly. Among them, polyamine synthesis‐related genes were focused, and spermidine treatment could induce C2C12 cell proliferation.ConclusionsTEI‐SARM2 exhibited potent and selective anabolic effects in muscles, as well as tissue specificity in various animal models. The results support that TEI‐SARM2 is a promising drug candidate for muscle wasting diseases. TEI‐SARM2 induced anabolic effects on skeletal muscle via AR in myofibres as well as other androgen target cells.
Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2018 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Ishihara Osamu , Jwa Seung Chik , Kuwahara Akira , Katagiri Yukiko , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Hamatani Toshio , Harada Miyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeSince 2007, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) has collected cycle‐based data for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in an online registry. Here, we present the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ART cycles registered during 2018.MethodsThe Japanese ART registry consists of cycle‐specific information for all ART treatment cycles implemented at 621 participating facilities. We conducted descriptive analyses for such cycles registered for 2018.ResultsIn total, 454 893 treatment cycles and 56 979 neonates were reported in 2018: both increased from 2017. The mean maternal age was 38.0 years (standard deviation ± 4.7). Of 247 402 oocyte retrievals, 118 378 (47.8%) involved freeze‐all‐embryos cycles; fresh embryo transfer (ET) was performed in 50 463 cycles: a decreasing trend since 2015. A total of 199 914 frozen‐thawed ET cycles were reported, resulting in 69 357 pregnancies and 49 360 neonates born. Single ET (SET) was performed in 82.2% of fresh transfers and 83.4% of frozen‐thawed cycles, with singleton pregnancy/live birth rates of 97.2%/97.2% and 97.0%/97.2%, respectively.ConclusionsTotal ART cycles and subsequent live births increased in 2018. SET was performed in over 80% of cases, and the mode of ET has shifted continuously from using fresh embryos to frozen‐thawed ones compared with previous years.
Comparison of machine learning approaches used to identify the drivers of Bakken oil well productivity
Authors: Attanasi Emil D. , Freeman Philip A. , Coburn Timothy C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeologists and petroleum engineers have struggled to identify the mechanisms that drive productivity in horizontal hydraulically fractured oil wells. The machine learning algorithms of Random Forest (RF), gradient boosting trees (GBT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were applied to a dataset containing 7311 horizontal hydraulically fractured wells drilled into the middle member of the Bakken Formation from 2010 through 2017. The initial goal is to use these data‐driven machine learning algorithms to identify the most important explanatory predictors of well productivity within nine subareas and the composite area. Predictor variables representing initial gas production, the initial 180‐day water cut, and vertical depth vary spatially and are identified with geologically favorable areas. Well‐completion predictors include the well lateral length, number of fracture stages, volume of proppant per stage, and the volume of injected fluids per stage. The performance of methods is compared based on a common test sample. The analysis then examines the comparative predictive performance of the three algorithms for 1330 wells that had initiated production after the initial 7311 well sample had been producing. The computations of predictor importance identified the initial 180‐day water cut and the 30‐day initial gas production predictors as having a dominant influence in most subareas and for the composite area. The relative importance of well completion predictor variables, that is, the number of fracture stages per well, volume of injected proppant per stage, volume of injected fluids per stage, and lateral length, varied considerably across the subareas. For the common test or holdout sample, the models calibrated with the XGBoost algorithm had superior predictive power. The predictive power of all the algorithms trained on the data from the original sample suffered some loss when tested with a sample of wells that had started production after the end of that period. Implications of the empirical findings and strategies to mitigate loss of predictive power are discussed in the concluding section.
Complex Morphogenesis by a Model Intrinsically Disordered Protein
Authors: González‐Obeso Constancio , González‐Pérez Miguel , Mano João F. , Alonso Matilde , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of intricate and complex self‐assembling structures in the micrometer range, such as biomorphs, is a major challenge in materials science. Although complex structures can be obtained from self‐assembling materials as they segregate from solution, their size is usually in the nanometer range or requires accessory techniques. Previous studies with intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have shown that the active interplay of different molecular interactions provides access to new and more complex nanostructures. As such, it is hypothesized that enriching the variety of intra‐ and intermolecular interactions in a model IDP will widen the landscape of sophisticated intermediate structures that can be accessed. In this study, a model silk‐elastin‐like recombinamer capable of interacting via three non‐covalent interactions, namely hydrophobic, ion‐pairing, and H‐bonding is built. This model material is shown to self‐assemble into complex stable micrometer‐sized biomorphs. Variation of the block composition, pH, and temperature demonstrates the necessary interplay of all three interactions for the formation of such complex structures.
Ultrasound assisted extraction and solvent partition for polyhydroxylated and polymethoxylated flavones and phenolic acids from Orthosiphon aristatus
Authors: Chan Hui Peng , Chua Lee Suan , Abdullah Farah Izana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe technique of ultrasound‐assisted extraction was used to recover polyhydroxylated and polymethoxylated flavones, and phenolic acids from Orthosiphon aristatus. The compounds were then partitioned in different solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone with increasing polarity. This workflow would reduce the complexity of chemical composition in crude extract to ease phytochemical profiling using a high throughput analytical tool of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Several newly reported flavone derivatives such as velutin, tricin, 3,7‐dimethylquercetin, 4′,7′‐dimethoxyluteolin, 4′,7′‐dimethoxyluteolin‐dimethyl ether, and 5‐hydroxy‐3,4′,7‐trimethoxyflavone, in addition to previously reported compounds were detected. The recovered flavone derivatives were mostly lipophilic in nature because they were partitioned in hexane and chloroform, particularly the dimer and trimer of sinensetin. Meanwhile, phenolic acids such as rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid were detected in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions, as well as in the remaining aqueous residue. These phenolic acids rich fractions were also found to have higher antioxidant capacity than crude extract. The combination of ultrasound‐assisted extraction and solvent partition provided insights into the profile of polyhydroxylated and polymethoxylated flavones, and phenolic acids from the highly complex herbal plant of O. aristatus. The detection of the phytochemicals may explain the previously reported pharmacological properties of the herb.
Development of New Radical‐Mediated Selective Reactions Promoted by Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this account, we describe our recent developments on the four‐types of hypervalent iodine(III)‐mediated radical reactions in organic synthesis. Firstly, the activation of aldehydic C−H bonds can be successfully effected with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, thereby allowing the synthesis of various ketones with high efficiency. Secondly, the site‐selective oxidation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds of hydrocarbon substrates was realized with designer hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. Thirdly, various perfluoroalkyl and α‐aminoalkyl radicals can be generated from sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates and sodium α‐aminoalkanesulfinates, respectively, under the influence of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. Finally, the efficient generation of difluoromethyl radical from hypervalent difluoroacetoxyliodine(III) reagent was realized by photolysis. These four different strategies are illustrated by using various selective radical approaches.
Shocks, superconvergence, and a stringy equivalence principle
Authors: Koloğlu Murat , Kravchuk Petr , Simmons-Duffin David , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study propagation of a probe particle through a series of closely situated gravitational shocks. We argue that in any UV-complete theory of gravity the result does not depend on the shock ordering — in other words, coincident gravitational shocks commute. Shock commutativity leads to nontrivial constraints on low-energy effective theories. In particular, it excludes non-minimal gravitational couplings unless extra degrees of freedom are judiciously added. In flat space, these constraints are encoded in the vanishing of a certain “superconvergence sum rule.” In AdS, shock commutativity becomes the statement that average null energy (ANEC) operators commute in the dual CFT. We prove commutativity of ANEC operators in any unitary CFT and establish sufficient conditions for commutativity of more general light-ray operators. Superconvergence sum rules on CFT data can be obtained by inserting complete sets of states between light-ray operators. In a planar 4d CFT, these sum rules express $$ \frac{a-c}{c} $$

a
−
c

c

in terms of the OPE data of single-trace operators.
The cosmological phonon: symmetries and amplitudes on sub-horizon scales
Authors: Grall Tanguy , Jazayeri Sadra , Stefanyszyn David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In contrast to massless spinning particles, scalars are not heavily constrained by unitarity and locality. Off-shell, no gauge symmetries are required to write down manifestly local theories, while on-shell consistent factorisation is trivial. Instead a useful classification scheme for scalars is based on the symmetries they can non-linearly realise. Motivated by the breaking of Lorentz boosts in cosmology, in this paper we classify the possible symmetries of a shift-symmetric scalar that is assumed to non-linearly realise Lorentz boosts as, for example, in the EFT of inflation. Our classification method is algebraic; guided by the coset construction and inverse Higgs constraints. We rediscover some known phonon theories within the superfluid and galileid classes, and discover a new galileid theory which we call the extended galileid. Generic galileids correspond to the broken phase of galileon scalar EFTs and our extended galileids correspond to special subsets where each galileon coupling is fixed by an additional symmetry. We discuss the broken phase of theories that also admit a perturbation theory around Poincaré invariant vacua and we show that the so-called exceptional EFTs, the DBI scalar and special galileon, do not admit such a broken phase. Concentrating on DBI we provide a detailed account of this showing that the scattering amplitudes are secretly Poincaré invariant when the theory is expanded around the superfluid background used in the EFT of inflation. We point out that DBI is an exception to the common lore that the residue of the total energy pole of cosmological correlators is proportional to the amplitude. We also discuss the inevitability of poles in 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes when boost are spontaneously broken meaning that such theories do not admit Adler zeros and generalisations even in the presence of a shift symmetry.
Sharp Asymptotics for the Solutions of the Three-Dimensional Massless Vlasov–Maxwell System with Small Data
Authors: Bigorgne Léo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the asymptotic properties of the small data solutions to the massless Vlasov–Maxwell system in 3d. We use vector field methods to derive almost optimal decay estimates in null directions for the electromagnetic field, the particle density and their derivatives. No compact support assumption in x or v is required on the initial data, and the decay in v is in particular initially optimal. Consistently with Proposition 8.1 of Bigorgne (Asymptotic properties of small data solutions of the Vlasov–Maxwell system in high dimensions. arXiv:1712.09698, 2017), the Vlasov field is supposed to vanish initially for small velocities. In order to deal with the slow decay rate of the solutions near the light cone and to prove that the velocity support of the particle density remains bounded away from 0, we make crucial use of the null properties of the system.
A landing theorem for entire functions with bounded post-singular sets
Authors: Benini Anna Miriam , Rempe Lasse 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTheDouady-Hubbard landing theoremfor periodic external rays is one of the cornerstones of the study of polynomial dynamics. It states that, for a complex polynomialfwith bounded postcritical set, every periodic external ray lands at a repelling or parabolic periodic point, and conversely every repelling or parabolic point is the landing point of at least one periodic external ray. We prove an analogue of this theorem for an entire functionfwith bounded postsingular set. Iffhas finite order of growth, then it is known that the escaping setI(f) contains certain curves calledperiodic hairs; we show that every periodic hair lands at a repelling or parabolic periodic point, and conversely every repelling or parabolic periodic point is the landing point of at least one periodic hair. For a postsingularly bounded entire functionfof infinite order, such hairs may not exist. Therefore we introduce certain dynamically natural connected subsets ofI(f), calleddreadlocks. We show that every periodic dreadlock lands at a repelling or parabolic periodic point, and conversely every repelling or parabolic periodic point is the landing point of at least one periodic dreadlock. More generally, we prove that every point of a hyperbolic set is the landing point of a dreadlock.
Distribution-Valued Ricci Bounds for Metric Measure Spaces, Singular Time Changes, and Gradient Estimates for Neumann Heat Flows
Authors: Sturm Karl-Theodor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe will study metric measure spaces$$(X,\mathsf{d},{\mathfrak {m}})$$(X,d,m)beyond the scope of spaces with synthetic lower Ricci bounds. In particular, we introduce distribution-valued lower Ricci bounds$$\mathsf{BE}_1(\kappa ,\infty )$$BE1(κ,∞)for which we prove the equivalence with sharp gradient estimates,the class of which will be preserved under time changes with arbitrary$$\psi \in \mathrm {Lip}_b(X)$$ψ∈Lipb(X), andwhich are satisfied for the Neumann Laplacian on arbitrary semi-convex subsets$$Y\subset X$$Y⊂X.In the latter case, the distribution-valued Ricci bound will be given by the signed measure$$\kappa = k\,{\mathfrak {m}}_Y + \ell \,\sigma _{\partial Y}$$κ=kmY+ℓσ∂Ywherekdenotes a variable synthetic lower bound for the Ricci curvature ofXand$$\ell $$ℓdenotes a lower bound for the “curvature of the boundary” ofY, defined in purely metric terms. We also present a new localization argument which allows us to pass on the RCD property to arbitrary open subsets of RCD spaces. And we introduce new synthetic notions for boundary curvature, second fundamental form, and boundary measure for subsets of RCD spaces.
Complex Phase Retrieval from Subgaussian Measurements
Authors: Krahmer Felix , Stöger Dominik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhase retrieval refers to the problem of reconstructing an unknown vector$$x_0 \in {\mathbb {C}}^n$$x0∈Cnor$$x_0 \in {\mathbb {R}}^n $$x0∈Rnfrommmeasurements of the form$$y_i = \big \vert \langle \xi ^{\left( i\right) }, x_0 \rangle \big \vert ^2 $$yi=|⟨ξi,x0⟩|2, where$$ \left\{ \xi ^{\left( i\right) } \right\} ^m_{i=1} \subset {\mathbb {C}}^m $$ξii=1m⊂Cmare known measurement vectors. While Gaussian measurements allow for recovery of arbitrary signals provided the number of measurements scales at least linearly in the number of dimensions, it has been shown that ambiguities may arise for certain other classes of measurements$$ \left\{ \xi ^{\left( i\right) } \right\} ^{m}_{i=1}$$ξii=1msuch as Bernoulli measurements or Fourier measurements. In this paper, we will prove that even when a subgaussian vector$$ \xi ^{\left( i\right) } \in {\mathbb {C}}^m $$ξi∈Cmdoes not fulfill a small-ball probability assumption, thePhaseLiftmethod is still able to reconstruct a large class of signals$$x_0 \in {\mathbb {R}}^n$$x0∈Rnfrom the measurements. This extends recent work by Krahmer and Liu from the real-valued to the complex-valued case. However, our proof strategy is quite different and we expect some of the new proof ideas to be useful in several other measurement scenarios as well. We then extend our results$$x_0 \in {\mathbb {C}}^n $$x0∈Cnup to an additional assumption which, as we show, is necessary.
Efficient leave-one-out cross-validation for Bayesian non-factorized normal and Student-t models
Authors: Bürkner Paul-Christian , Gabry Jonah , Vehtari Aki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCross-validation can be used to measure a model’s predictive accuracy for the purpose of model comparison, averaging, or selection. Standard leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) requires that the observation model can be factorized into simple terms, but a lot of important models in temporal and spatial statistics do not have this property or are inefficient or unstable when forced into a factorized form. We derive how to efficiently compute and validate both exact and approximate LOO-CV for any Bayesian non-factorized model with a multivariate normal or Student-$$t$$tdistribution on the outcome values. We demonstrate the method using lagged simultaneously autoregressive (SAR) models as a case study.