bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Kwon Hyungju , Moon Byung-In 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with Graves’ disease (GD) are at a 2.5 times higher risk of developing thyroid cancer than the general population. Previous studies reported conflicting results about the prognosis of thyroid cancer concomitant with GD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GD to the recurrence rates of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
We reviewed 3628 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC at the Ewha Womans University Medical Center from January 2006 to June 2014. Of those, 114 patients had non-occult PTC with concomitant GD. To reduce potential confounding effects and selection bias, we conducted 1:5 propensity score matching and analyzed the recurrence-free survival.

Results
Thyroid cancer in patients with GD showed lower rate of lymphatic invasion (1.8% vs. 6.7%; p = 0.037), microscopic resection margin involvement (0.9% vs. 5.8%; p = 0.024), and lymph node metastasis (29.8% vs. 37.3%; p = 0.001) than in patients without GD, respectively. During the median follow-up of 94.1 months, recurrence occurred in one patient (0.9%) with GD. After propensity score matching for adjusting clinicopathological features, 5-year recurrence-free survival was comparable between patients with GD and euthyroid patients (100% vs. 98.4%, p = 0.572). Both tumor size [hazard ratio (HR) 1.585, p < 0.001] and lymph node metastasis (HR for N1a 3.067, p = 0.024; HR for N1b 15.65, p < 0.001) were predictive factors for recurrence-free survival, while GD was not associated with the recurrence.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that GD does not affect the prognosis of PTC. Thyroid cancer in patients with GD is not more aggressive than in euthyroid patients.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: new identity as endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease based on in vivo hemostasis and endothelial molecular pathogenesis
Authors: Chang Jae C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be correctly redefined as disseminated intravascular microthrombosis based on “two-path unifying theory” of in vivo hemostasis. “DIC” is a form of vascular microthrombotic disease characterized by “microthrombi” composed of platelets and unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF). Microthrombotic disease includes not only “DIC”, but also microthrombosis occurring in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), TTP-like syndrome, and focal, multifocal and localized microthrombosis. Being a hemostatic disease, microthrombotic disease occurs as a result of lone activation of ULVWF path via partial in vivo hemostasis. In endothelial injury associated with critical illnesses such as sepsis, the vascular damage is limited to the endothelial cell and activates ULVWF path. In contrast, in intravascular traumatic injury, the local damage may extend from the endothelial cell to subendothelial tissue and sometimes beyond, and activates both ULVWF and tissue factor (TF) paths. When endotheliopathy triggers exocytosis of ULVWF and recruits platelets, ULVWF path is activated and promotes microthrombogenesis to produce microthrombi composed of microthrombi strings, but when localized vascular damage causes endothelial and subendothelial tissue damage, both ULVWF and TF paths are activated and promote macrothrombogenesis to produce macrothrombus made of complete “blood clots”. Currently, “DIC” concept is ascribed to activated TF path leading to fibrin clots. Instead, it should be correctly redefined as microthrombosis caused by activation of ULVWF path, leading to endotheliopathy-associated microthrombosis. The correct term for acute “DIC” is disseminated microthrombosis-associated hepatic coagulopathy, and that for chronic “DIC” is disseminated microthrombosis without hepatic coagulopathy. TTP-like syndrome is hematologic phenotype of endotheliopathy-associated microthrombosis. This correct concept of “DIC” is identified from novel theory of “in vivo hemostasis”, which now can solve every mystery associated with “DIC” and other associated thrombotic disorders. Thus, sepsis-associated coagulopathy is not “DIC”, but is endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease.
The immune system on the TRAIL of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Burgaletto Chiara , Munafò Antonio , Di Benedetto Giulia , De Francisci Cettina , Caraci Filippo , Di Mauro Rosaria , Bucolo Claudio , Bernardini Renato , Cantarella Giuseppina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neurons in specific regions of the central nervous system. Chronic activation of the immune cells resident in the brain, peripheral immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, and release of inflammatory and neurotoxic factors, appear critical contributors of the neuroinflammatory response that drives the progression of neurodegenerative processes in AD. As the neuro-immune network is impaired in course of AD, this review is aimed to point out the essential supportive role of innate and adaptive immune response either in normal brain as well as in brain recovery from injury. Since a fine-tuning of the immune response appears crucial to ensure proper nervous system functioning, we focused on the role of the TNF superfamily member, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which modulates both the innate and adaptive immune response in the pathogenesis of several immunological disorders and, in particular, in AD-related neuroinflammation. We here summarized mounting evidence of potential involvement of TRAIL signaling in AD pathogenesis, with the aim to provide clearer insights about potential novel therapeutic approaches in AD.
Incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment for breast cancer—a Danish matched cohort study
Authors: Falstie-Jensen Anne Mette , Esen Buket Ö. , Kjærsgaard Anders , Lorenzen Ebbe L. , Jensen Jeanette D. , Reinertsen Kristin V. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Ewertz Marianne , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may have increased risk of hypothyroidism, but risk according to treatment modality is unclear. We estimated the incidence of hypothyroidism in women with breast cancer, and according to cancer treatment.

Methods
Using nationwide registries, we identified all Danish women aged ≥ 35 years diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer (1996–2009). We matched up to five cancer-free women (controls) for each BCS. We excluded women with prevalent thyroid disease. Cancer treatment was chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy (RT) targeting the breast/chest wall only, or also the lymph nodes (RTn). We identified hypothyroidism using diagnostic codes, and/or levothyroxine prescriptions. We calculated the cumulative incidence, incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years, and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypothyroidism, adjusting for comorbidities.

Results
We included 44,574 BCS and 203,306 matched controls with 2,631,488 person-years of follow-up. BCS had a slightly higher incidence of hypothyroidism than controls [5-year cumulative incidence, 1.8% (95%CI = 1.7–1.9) and 1.6% (95%CI = 1.5–1.6), respectively]. The overall IR was 4.45 (95%CI = 4.25–4.67) and 3.81 (95%CI = 3.73–3.90), corresponding to an adjusted HR = 1.17 (95%CI = 1.11–1.24). BCS who received RTn with chemotherapy (HR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.50–2.02) or without chemotherapy (HR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.14–1.51) had an elevated risk of hypothyroidism compared with matched controls and compared with BCS who underwent surgery alone [HR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.45–2.01 and HR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.17–1.58, respectively].

Conclusions
BCS have an excess risk of hypothyroidism compared with age-matched controls. BCS and those working in cancer survivorship settings ought to be aware that this risk is highest in women treated with radiation therapy to the lymph nodes and chemotherapy.
Hepatic magnetic resonance elastography: can it be an alternative to invasive biopsy preceding living donor liver transplantation?
Authors: Mohamed Rania Essam-el-dein , Amin Mohamed A. , Omar Hazem M. , Soliman Hossam Eldeen M. , Zakaria Hazem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, the living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) surgery is employed as the treatment of choice for end-stage chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of liver biopsy in donor’s selection protocol for adult living liver donors (LLDs) candidates is a point of controversy. Hepatic magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a promising technique particularly in grading of liver fibrosis that can be used for pre-transplantation evaluation of the LLDs candidates. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of hepatic MRE as a pre-transplantation imaging tool for LLDs candidates, prior to LDLT surgery.

Results
Thirty-seven eligible healthy LLDs candidates (28 males and 9 females; their ages ranged from 24 to 45 years) were the subject of the current study. A cut-off value ≥ 2.24 kilo Pascal (kPa) was assumed for discrimination between normal and abnormal hepatic tissues with high accuracy (99.24%). Also, a cut-off value ≥ 2.38 kPa for grading steatosis gave 98.44% accuracy, while a cut-off value ≥ 2.57 kPa for discriminating fibrosis stages yielded 98.80% accuracy.

Conclusion
MRE can be considered as a reliable non-invasive pre-transplant screening technique that has the potential to alternate the invasive liver biopsy technique in selection and validation of LLDs candidates for LDLT surgery.
Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in a Genomically Guided Cancer Clinical Trial: National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH)
Authors: Flaherty Keith T. , Gray Robert J. , Chen Alice P. , Li Shuli , McShane Lisa M. , Patton David , Hamilton Stanley R. , Williams P. Mickey , Iafrate A. John , Sklar Jeffrey , Mitchell Edith P. , Harris Lyndsay N. , Takebe Naoko , Sims David J. , Coffey Brent , Fu Tony , Routbort Mark , Zwiebel James A. , Rubinstein Larry V. , Little Richard F. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Comis Robert , Abrams Jeffrey S. , O’Dwyer Peter J. , Conley Barbara A. ,   for the NCI-MATCH team
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Therapeutically actionable molecular alterations are widely distributed across cancer types. The National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) trial was designed to evaluate targeted therapy antitumor activity in underexplored cancer types. Tumor biopsy specimens were analyzed centrally with next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a master screening protocol. Patients with a tumor molecular alteration addressed by a targeted treatment lacking established efficacy in that tumor type were assigned to 1 of 30 treatments in parallel, single-arm, phase II subprotocols. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor biopsy specimens from 5,954 patients with refractory malignancies at 1,117 accrual sites were analyzed centrally with NGS and selected immunohistochemistry in a master screening protocol. The treatment-assignment rate to treatment arms was assessed. Molecular alterations in seven tumors profiled in both NCI-MATCH trial and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of primary tumors were compared. RESULTS Molecular profiling was successful in 93.0% of specimens. An actionable alteration was found in 37.6%. After applying clinical and molecular exclusion criteria, 17.8% were assigned (26.4% could have been assigned if all subprotocols were available simultaneously). Eleven subprotocols reached their accrual goal as of this report. Actionability rates differed among histologies (eg, > 35% for urothelial cancers and < 6% for pancreatic and small-cell lung cancer). Multiple actionable or resistance-conferring tumor mutations were seen in 11.9% and 71.3% of specimens, respectively. Known resistance mutations to targeted therapies were numerically more frequent in NCI-MATCH than TCGA tumors, but not markedly so. CONCLUSION We demonstrated feasibility of screening large numbers of patients at numerous accruing sites in a complex trial to test investigational therapies for moderately frequent molecular targets. Co-occurring resistance mutations were common and endorse investigation of combination targeted-therapy regimens.
Association of Anesthesiologist Handovers With Short-term Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hannan Edward L. , Samadashvili Zaza , Sundt Thoralf M. , Girardi Leonard , Chikwe Joanna , Wechsler Andrew , Adams David H. , Smith Craig R. , Gold Jeffrey P. , Lahey Stephen J. , Jordan Desmond 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Complete handover of anesthesia care to a second anesthesiologist has been demonstrated to be associated with worse short-term adverse outcomes among cardiac surgery patients, but little information from multi-institutional studies is available.

METHODS:
New York’s cardiac surgery registry was used to identify patients who underwent cardiac surgery in New York between 2010 and 2016 with and without complete handovers of anesthesia care. A retrospective observational study with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score was used to adjust for differences in preoperative patient characteristics while comparing differences in the primary outcome (in-hospital/30 day mortality), major complications in the index admission or within 30 days of the index surgery, readmissions within 30 days, and length of stay.

RESULTS:
A total of 8.5% of the 103,102 cardiac surgery procedures involved complete handovers. After adjustment, there was a difference between patients with and without handovers in the primary outcome (2.86% vs 2.48%, adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.15 [1.01–1.31]). There was no difference in readmissions within 30 days (13.7% vs 14.4%, ARR = 0.95 [0.90–1.00]), and the differences in complications and length of stay were not clinically meaningful (adjusted differences of <10%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac surgery patients in New York who had complete anesthesia handovers experienced higher short-term mortality rates, but there were no meaningful differences in other outcomes. Unnecessary handovers should be carefully monitored.
How gut microbiome interactions affect nutritional traits of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: McMullen John G. , Peters-Schulze Grace , Cai Jingwei , Patterson Andrew D. , Douglas Angela E. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Most research on the impact of the gut microbiome on animal nutrition is designed to identify the effects of single microbial taxa and single metabolites of microbial origin, without considering the potentially complex network of interactions among co-occurring microorganisms. Here, we investigated how different microbial associations and their fermentation products affect host nutrition, using Drosophila melanogaster colonized with three gut microorganisms (the bacteria Acetobacter fabarum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum) in all seven possible combinations. Some microbial effects on host traits could be attributed to single taxa (e.g. yeast-mediated reduction of insect development time), while other effects were sex specific and driven by among-microbe interactions (e.g. male lipid content determined by interactions between the yeast and both bacteria). Parallel analysis of nutritional indices of microbe-free flies administered different microbial fermentation products (acetic acid, acetoin, ethanol and lactic acid) revealed a single consistent effect: that the lipid content of both male and female flies is reduced by acetic acid. This effect was recapitulated in male flies colonized with both yeast and A. fabarum, but not for any microbial treatment in females or males with other microbial complements. These data suggest that the effect of microbial fermentation products on host nutritional status is strongly context dependent, with respect to both the combination of associated microorganisms and host sex. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that among-microbe interactions can play a critically important role in determining the physiological outcome of host–microbiome interactions in Drosophila and, likely, in other animal hosts.
Career planning courses increase career readiness of graduate and postdoctoral trainees
Authors: Layton Rebekah L. , Solberg V. Scott H. , Jahangir Arthee E. , Hall Joshua D. , Ponder Christine A. , Micoli Keith J. , Vanderford Nathan L. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Given national calls for intentional career development during graduate and post-graduate scientific training, this study assessed career readiness development within the context of academic career courses. The current study evaluated the effects of academic career courses offered at two institutions that were specifically designed to increase career awareness, interest, and career-related confidence among doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows.Methods:Participants enrolled in a career course at trainees’ respective academic institutions and responded to pre- and post-course surveys (n=32, n=148). The paper offers a thematic analysis of each of the two courses using an individualized learning plan career development framework and describes the results of their respective pretest-posttest evaluations which indicated increases in career readiness.Results:Though the format and content provided in each course varied, participation was associated with increases in career readiness. Participants reported increased career-awareness including a greater familiarity with different types of careers overall. Furthermore, interest in tenure track faculty careers increased in both samples, which may assuage fears that exposure to diverse career pathways could reduce interest in academic careers. Transferrable skills, including career planning and awareness also significantly increased. Course participants reported an increase in the number and type of mentors they interacted with beyond their principal faculty mentor (other faculty, professional PhDs, peers, and administrative staff).Conclusions:Findings provide supporting evidence for the benefits of implementing structured career development efforts during PhD training; even with varying content, delivery methods, and instructor type, both academic career courses led to significant gains in career awareness and readiness. Successful development and delivery of academic career courses, with a focus on career planning skills, suggest that institutions can utilize these and are an effective way to prepare PhDs for their transition from training positions into careers.
Orthodontic Conundrums Part 1: Transposition – an Update on Presentation and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Adam Naeem I , Jowett Adam , Hodge Trevor 
Published: October 2020

This is the first article in a three-part series considering uncommon dental anomalies and treatment approaches. Dental transpositions are rare anomalies which may present to the general dental practitioner or orthodontist. The management of transpositions is dependent on several factors, including the sub-type, severity and the other salient features of the malocclusion. Transposition may either be accepted or orthodontically corrected and the adoption of either approach must be preceded by thorough assessment of the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The presentation and management of transposition is variable. The general dental practitioner must be aware of the clinical features of a developing transposition as certain treatment options are only possible before the transposition is fully established. In addition, the orthodontist must be mindful of the potential for iatrogenic harm if these dental anomalies are managed injudiciously.
Practical two-dimensional beam steering system using an integrated tunable laser and an optical phased array
Authors: Ma Weichao , Tan Su , Wang Kuankuan , Guo Weihua , Liu Ye , Liao Lianggang , Zhou Lianggang , Zhou Jun , Li Xin , Liang Lei , Li Wangzhe 
Published: October 2020

A practical two-dimensional beam steering solid-state system based on the synthesis of one-dimensional wavelength tuning and a one-dimensional optical phased array is demonstrated and investigated. The system incorporates an integrated multiple-channel-interference widely tunable laser, an integrated 32-channel optical phased array, an offline phase error correction unit, and home-made control electronics. The introduction of the integrated tunable laser avoids the traditional bulky light source fed into the optical phased array, making the architecture promising to be miniaturized. In addition, a calibration method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed and proved to be effective to correct the phase errors existing in the arrayed channels and improve the emitted far-field quality. Other practical aspects, such as high-speed control and cost, are taken into the consideration of the system design as well. Under the control of home-made electronics, the laser exhibits a tuning range of 50 nm with a 44 dB side-mode suppression ratio, and the system presents the characteristics of low divergence (

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time constant) in an aliasing-free sweeping range of

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.
High-performance fiber-integrated multifunctional graphene-optoelectronic device with photoelectric detection and optic-phase modulation
Authors: Zhuo Linqing , Fan Pengpeng , Zhang Shuang , Zhan Yuansong , Lin Yanmei , Zhang Yu , Li Dongquan , Che Zhen , Zhu Wenguo , Zheng Huadan , Tang Jieyuan , Zhang Jun , Zhong Yongchun , Fang Wenxiao , Lu Guoguang , Yu Jianhui , Chen Zhe 
Published: October 2020

In graphene-based optoelectronic devices, the ultraweak interaction between a light and monolayer graphene leads to low optical absorption and low responsivity for the photodetectors and relative high half-wave voltage for the phase modulator. Here, an integration of the monolayer graphene onto the side-polished optical fiber is demonstrated, which is capable of providing a cost-effective strategy to enhance the light–graphene interaction, allowing us to obtain a highly efficient optical absorption in graphene and achieve multifunctions: photodetection and optical phase modulation. As a photodetector, the device has ultrahigh responsivity (

1.5
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) and high external quantum efficiency (

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1.2
×

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%

). Additionally, the polybutadiene/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film on the graphene can render the device an optical phase modulator through the large thermo-optic effect of the PMMA. As a phase modulator, the device has a relatively low half-wave voltage of 3 V with a 16 dB extinction ratio in Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration.
Obraz głupca w rosyjskim socjolekcie młodzieżowym
Authors: Sadowska Monika 
Published: October 2020

Teenage sociolect very rapidly reacts to everything that is happening around us, and, consequently, gives an up-to-date view on the way of perceiving the world by a specific group of people using particular terminology. This paper is an attempt to briefly describe the development of teenage sociolect, which is a highly interesting language phenomenon ,and to systemize the sources of lexical units, which describe the person with intellectual deficits, as well as to depict the process of forming these units within lexical semantics.