bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of miRNAs and their target genes: Exploring a new perspective of acquired aplastic anemia pathogenesis
Authors: Srivastava Jyotika , Chaturvedi Chandra P. , Rahman Khaliqur , Gupta Ruchi , Sharma Akhilesh , Chandra Dinesh , Singh Manish K. , Gupta Anshul , Yadav Sanjeev , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in orchestrating T cell differentiation and activation and may thus play a vital role in acquired aplastic anemia (aAA). The study aimed to evaluate the differential expression of selected miRNAs and their relevant target genes in bone marrow samples of aAA patients.MethodsDifferential expression of 8 miRNAs viz; hsa‐miR‐126‐3p, miR‐145‐5p, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, miR‐146b‐5p, miR‐34a, miR‐29a, and miR‐29b was evaluated in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of aAA patients. TaqMan microRNA assay was performed for preparing the cDNA of specific miRNA, followed by expression analysis using qRT‐PCR. Data were normalized using two endogenous controls, RNU6B and RNU48. Delta‐delta CT method was used to calculate the fold change (FC) of miRNA expression in individual samples, and a FC of >1.5 was taken as significant. Target genes of these miRNAs were evaluated by qRT‐PCR.ResultsThirty five samples of aAA patients and 20 controls were evaluated. Irrespective of the disease severity, five miRNAs were found to be deregulated; miR‐126 (FC‐0.348; P‐value‐.0001) and miR‐145 (FC‐0.31; P‐value‐.0001) were downregulated, while miR‐155 (FC‐3.50; P‐value‐.0067), miR‐146 (FC‐3.13; P‐value‐.0105), and miR‐150 (FC‐5.78; P‐value‐.0001) were upregulated. Target gene study revealed an upregulation of PIK3R2, MYC, SOCS1, and TRAF‐6, and downregulation of MYB.ConclusionThis is the first study from the Indian subcontinent demonstrating the presence of altered miRNA expression in the bone marrow samples of aAA patients, suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A comprehensive study focusing on the effect of these miRNA‐mRNA interactions is likely to open new avenues of management.
Change Rippling through Our Waters and Culture
Authors: Martin Christine , Doyle John , LaFrance JoRee , Lefthand Myra J. , Young Sara L. , Three Irons Emery , Eggers Margaret J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is well established that climate change is already causing a wide variety of human health impacts in the United States and globally, and that for many reasons Native Americans are particularly vulnerable. Tribal water security is particularly threatened; the ways in which climate changes are damaging community health and well‐being through impacts on water resources have been addressed more thoroughly for Tribes in coastal, arid, and sub‐arctic/arctic regions of the United States. In this article, Crow Tribal members from the Northern Plains describe the impacts of climate and environmental change on local water resources and ecosystems, and thereby on Tribal community health and well‐being. Formal, qualitative research methodology was employed drawing on interviews with 26 Crow Tribal Elders. Multiple determinants of health are addressed, including cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors. The sense of environmental‐cultural‐health loss and despair at the inability to address the root causes of climate change are widespread. Yet the co‐authors and many other Tribal members are actively prioritizing, addressing, and coping with some of the local impacts of these changes, and are carrying on Apsáalooke [Crow] lifeways and values.
The Effect of Personality Traits on Risk of Incident Pre‐dementia Syndromes
Authors: Ayers Emmeline , Gulley Emma , Verghese Joe 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESPersonality traits have been shown to be associated with the risk of dementia; less is known about their association with pre‐dementia syndromes. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of personality traits as predictors of incident pre‐dementia, motoric cognitive risk (MCR), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) syndromes.DESIGNWe prospectively examined the association between five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) and the risk of incident MCR or MCI. MCR builds on MCI operational definitions, substituting the cognitive impairment criterion with slow gait, and it is associated with increased risk for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.SETTINGCommunity based.PARTICIPANTSNondemented participants (n = 524; 62% women) aged 65 years and older.MEASUREMENTSCox proportional hazard analysis, adjusted for demographics and disease burden, was used to evaluate the risk of each pre‐dementia syndrome based on baseline personality traits, measured using the Big Five Inventory.RESULTSOver a median follow‐up of 3 years, 38 participants developed incident MCR, and 69 developed incident MCI (41 non‐amnestic and 28 amnestic subtypes). Openness was associated with a reduced risk of developing incident MCR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = .94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .89‐.99), whereas neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of incident non‐amnestic MCI (aHR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.11). These associations remained significant even after considering the confounding effects of lifestyle or mood. None of the personality traits were associated with MCI overall or amnestic MCI.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide evidence of a distinct relationship between personality traits and development of specific pre‐dementia syndromes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1554‐1559, 2020.
Is the beneficial use of wood ash environmentally beneficial? A screening‐level life cycle assessment and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Gaudreault Caroline , Lama Ilich , Sain Derek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a screening‐level life cycle assessment (LCA) approach is used to compare the potential environmental benefits and tradeoffs of different management options for wood ash, namely, agricultural land application, forest soil amendment, use in forest roads, use in concrete and mortar, and landfilling. Uncertainty analyses are used to evaluate the generalizability of the results obtained. Although decisions regarding the selection of a beneficial use option are site‐specific and depend on available local markets and wood ash characteristics, this study shows that it is possible to draw a few general conclusions from the application of LCA. All beneficial use (BU) options showed lower environmental indicator scores than those associated with landfilling, in addition to net potential environmental benefits. From an environmental perspective, results suggest that, only in a few situations, beneficially using wood ash might not produce potential net environmental benefits but would still be preferred over landfilling, and in a very few cases, landfilling would be preferred over a BU option. For instance, net environmental benefits may be compromised if wood ash needs to be transported over long distances before it can be beneficially used. Out of the four BU options evaluated, the use of wood ash in concrete to replace Portland cement showed the greatest potential environmental benefits. However, the application of wood ash on agricultural or forest land showed greater environmental benefits than the use in concrete in cases where both its liming and fertilizing potentials are assumed to be achieved at the same time.
Correlia: an ImageJ plug‐in to co‐register and visualise multimodal correlative micrographs
Authors: ROHDE FLORENS , BRAUMANN ULF‐DIETRICH , SCHMIDT MATTHIAS 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe correlation of different microscopic imaging techniques alongside with microanalytical methods is crucial to better understand biological processes on a subcellular level. For that, micrographs and chemical maps exhibiting both, very different spatial resolution and field‐of‐view but also a highly multimodal content has to be co‐registered. We developed the ImageJ/Fiji plug‐in Correlia that provides an environment for handling multimodal correlative microscopy data. Several linear and nonlinear registration methods using either feature or area‐based similarity measures can flexibly be cascaded to align and warp 2D microscopy data sets. The registration of data sets containing light‐ and electron micrographs as well as chemical maps acquired by secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy is demonstrated. Correlia is an open‐source tool developed particularly for the registration and analysis of highly multimodal 2D correlative microscopy data.Lay DescriptionIf a microscopic object is imaged correlatively by two or more different microscopes the acquired micrographs will have to be overlaid accurately using an image‐registration software. In cases of relatively similar image content creating such an overlay is straight‐forward but what if the fields‐of‐view and resolutions of the micrographs differ significantly? What if there are distortions in a micrograph which have to be corrected before creating an overlay? What if furthermore a chemical map shall be overlaid that merely shows regions in which a certain chemical element is present? The rapidly increasing number of applications in correlative microscopy is calling for an easy‐to‐use and flexible image registration software that can deal with these challenges. Having that in mind, we developed Correlia, an ImageJ/Fiji plug‐in that provides an environment for handling multimodal 2D correlative microscopy data‐sets. It allows for creating overlays using different registration algorithms that can flexibly be cascaded. In this paper we describe what is happening ‘under the hood’ and give two example data‐sets from microbiology which were registered using Correlia. Correlia is open source software and available from www.ufz.de/correlia ‐ including introductory examples, as the authors would like to encourage other scientists to process their individual correlative microscopy data using Correlia.
Laser‐assisted topical steroid application versus steroid injection for treating keloids: A split side study
Authors: Abd El‐Dayem Dina H. , Nada Hesham A. , Hanafy Noha S. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproaches to improve keloid scars include intralesional corticosteroid injections and fractional lasers exclusively. The combinative use of ablative fractional laser therapy and occluded topical corticosteroid as a drug delivery method enhances therapeutic outcome of two efficient scar therapy modules into one simple synergistic module.AimTo compare the therapeutic effect of combining two modalities of scar treatment, the first is fractional ablative laser treatment and the other is occluded topical corticosteroid to the standard use of intralesional steroid injection.MethodsKeloids from thirty suffering patients were split faced into two identical parts; one part received an intralesional corticosteroid injection while the other part was treated first with fractional ablative 2940 nm Er: YAG laser followed by occluded topical application of steroid cream. Four treatment sessions were performed with 4‐week interval between sessions. Every session was assessed photographically and using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).ResultsThe mean keloid VSS before treatment was 6.9 ± 1.9. After treatment, the mean keloid VSS of the injection side became 2.63 ± 2.09, and mean keloid VSS of the laser‐treated side became 2.07 ± 2.02. Each of the treated halves showed a statistically significant improvement in their VSS. However, no statistically significant differences were observed for either of the treated halves over the other one.ConclusionAlthough intralesional steroids injection is the standard procedure for treatment of keloid scars, the use of ablative fractional laser‐assisted delivery of topical steroid can offer a safer and a better aesthetic treatment option.
How self‐esteem and narcissism differentially relate to high and (un)stable feelings of status and inclusion
Authors: Benson Alex J. , Giacomin Miranda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe tested how self‐esteem and grandiose narcissism are associated with people's level and instability of status and inclusion.MethodIn Studies 1 and 2, we used latent profile analysis (Study 1, N = 989; Study 2, N = 470, 111 teams) to examine how people felt about their level and instability of status and inclusion. In Study 3, we used daily diary reports (N = 287, 1,286 daily observations) to track people's level and instability of status and inclusion.ResultsHigher levels of status and inclusion did not always correspond to more stable beliefs about one's social standing. Self‐esteem predicted higher and more stable feelings of status and inclusion. Although narcissistic admiration also predicted higher levels of status and inclusion, we found mixed evidence regarding its link to the instability of such feelings. Narcissistic rivalry, however, predicted more unstable feelings of status and inclusion.ConclusionsBy modeling the heterogeneity of status and inclusion feelings across subgroups (Studies 1 and 2) and documenting the degree of instability people experience regarding such feelings (Study 3), these results provide insight into how self‐esteem and narcissism relate to the level and instability of status and inclusion.
Hypothyroidism in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Nada , Kandil Mohamed , Elfil Mohamed , Jamal Abdalla , Koo Brian B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diurnal nature of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its response to dopamine hint that hormones are central in RLS pathophysiology. Hypothyroidism has been linked to RLS, but studies are limited. This study's objective is to determine whether RLS is more prevalent in persons with hypothyroidism and whether hypothyroidism is more prevalent in RLS sufferers. Persons with hypothyroidism and controls were recruited through an on‐line registry of potential research participants. RLS was assessed using the Cambridge‐Hopkins questionnaire. RLS persons and controls were recruited through RLS Foundation and on‐line registry advertisements and assessed for hypothyroidism by self‐report. The International RLS Study Group Severity Scale assessed RLS severity; 266 hypothyroid subjects and 321 controls were comparable in age (52.3 ± 13.4 versus 53.9 ± 11.7 years; p = .14) and gender (91.7% versus 91.3% women; p = .85), as were 354 RLS and 313 controls (59.1 ± 13.2 versus 58.2 ± 13.6 years; p = .41; 80.8% versus 78.3% women; p = .42). Hypothyroid participants versus controls had a significantly higher prevalence of RLS (14.3% versus 8.1%; p = .02). RLS participants versus controls had a significantly higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (22.3% versus. 13.8%; p = .005). RLS severity was similar in persons with and without hypothyroidism. Among 73 persons with RLS and hypothyroidism, 14 previously were hyperthyroid versus 0 of 37 persons with hypothyroidism alone (p = .004). RLS prevalence is increased in individuals with hypothyroidism; hypothyroidism prevalence is increased in individuals with RLS. Persons with hypothyroidism and RLS are significantly more likely than those with hypothyroidism alone to have had hyperthyroidism prior to hypothyroidism. Associations between RLS and thyroid disease may shed light on complex biological mechanisms underlying RLS.
Preparing mechanisms for protecting traditional knowledge in Iran utilizing the experiences of India
Authors: Tavassoli Naini Manuchehr , Allahvakil Naser , Mazaheri Rasoul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraditional knowledge is a kind of science and experience that has been gained after many years of experience in indigenous and local communities in certain geographic regions. With the increasing expansion of trade exchanges in the international arena, the need to support this knowledge is felt more than ever. The efforts of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, which began in 2000 with the aim of drafting an international document for the protection of traditional knowledge, has continued, and various countries have, in parallel, taken actions in their domestic law to support traditional knowledge. In Iran, the Intellectual Property Policy Council is also preparing a draft law to support traditional knowledge. The result of this research is stated Since India has taken actions in supporting traditional knowledge from many years ago and has achieved some success both domestically and internationally given the historical, cultural, and legal affinities of India and Iran, its experiences can be useful in the field of legislation and more than that, the establishment of mechanisms for the collection and consolidation of information and protection of Iranian traditional knowledge as one of the richest sources in Asia.
Transitional dynamics of the R&D growth model with public education
Authors: Hirono Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the transition dynamics of the R&D‐based growth model with public education, based on [Prettner, K. (2014). The non‐monotonous impact of population growth on economic prosperity. Economics Letters, 124, 93–95]. We show that the equilibrium path can be monotonous or oscillatory, but may not converge depending on the value of parameters. Thus, we determine and indicate the sufficient condition for long‐run oscillation to emerge. In addition, we find that the technological progress rate speeds up during the long‐run balanced growth path when income tax rates for public education rise. This result is consistent with empirical analysis.
Postoperative pain and psychological outcomes following minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair: A report from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network
Authors: Uhl Kristen M. , Wilder Robert T. , Fernandez Allison , Huang Henry , Muhly Wallis T. , Zurakowski David , Cravero Joseph P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is associated with less tissue trauma; however, it may result in increased postoperative pain. Pain experience is a known risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms, though there are little data on its relationship with long‐term psychological outcomes following major surgery in pediatric patients.AimsIn this study, we examined the relationship between immediate postoperative pain and psychological outcomes at 2 weeks and three months after discharge in a cohort of pediatric patients who underwent MIRPE. We sought to determine whether immediate postoperative pain levels were associated with ongoing distress related to aspects of surgery at both time points. We were also interested in how psychological symptoms related to persistent pain concerns.MethodsData on patients undergoing MIRPE across 14 institutions were collected as part of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network (SPAIN). Patients were contacted at 2 weeks and three months following discharge to track pain levels and assess psychological distress using a self‐report questionnaire. Patients were grouped into cohorts based on self‐report of distress related to aspects of surgery, nonsurgical distress, or absence of distress.ResultsAnalysis revealed that a higher proportion of children reporting ongoing distress related to surgery at both 2 weeks and 3 months experienced higher immediate postoperative pain levels. A subset of patients with complete data sets for 2 weeks and 3 months (N = 76) was further examined. Among the 47 patients who endorsed surgical distress at 2 weeks, 25 (53.2%) continued to endorse surgical distress at 3 months. Additionally, report of surgical distress at 3 months was associated with longer‐term postoperative pain.ConclusionsOur data suggest that, in patients undergoing MIRPE, the presence of distress at 2 weeks and 3 months may be associated with higher immediate postoperative pain levels.
The Transaction Costs of Government Responses to the COVID‐19 Emergency in Latin America
Authors: Ramírez de la Cruz Edgar E. , Grin Eduardo José , Sanabria‐Pulido Pablo , Cravacuore Daniel , Orellana Arturo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created a crisis that is challenging national and local governments to innovate in their responses to novel problems. Despite similarities to the challenges confronted in developed countries, for Latin American governments, these problems are amplified by structural obstacles such as social inequalities. These countries must respond with capacities and resources that are often limited by spoils systems and by social and political polarization. This essay provides an overview of some innovative practices in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. In particular, this essay concentrates on some salient collaborative efforts in the region. To draw lessons from these practices, the authors focus on the formal and informal institutions that facilitate or obstruct collaboration across jurisdictions. The findings are discussed in terms of the transaction costs of collaboration identified in these experiences.
Inequalities in treatment planning for children with intellectual disabilities: A questionnaire study of dentists in Europe
Authors: Camoin Ariane , Tardieu Corinne , Dany Lionel , Saliba‐Serre Bérengère , Faulks Denise , Coz Pierre Le 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disabilities experience major inequality in the field of oral health, including a higher number of extracted teeth. The literature explains this difference in terms of higher levels of dental disease but does not mention the possibility of inequality in the treatment options offered these children.AimThe aim is to investigate whether the same treatment options are offered by practitioners to children with and without intellectual disability in equivalent clinical circumstances.DesignA scenario involving a clinical dental situation was developed, with one varying parameter: the patient described was a child with or without cerebral palsy.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine dental specialists from France and Europe were recruited. A large number of practitioners (68%) chose the same treatment for both patients, but 32% declared modifying the dental treatment planning in the case of the child with cerebral palsy. The most frequently chosen treatment for the scenario of irreversible pulpitis for the child without disability was conservative endodontic treatment (73%) whereas the most frequently chosen treatment for the child with intellectual disability was tooth extraction (54%).DiscussionThese results are discussed in terms of beneficence, fear of restorative failure, lack of guidelines, practitioner experience and the implications for equity in healthcare.