bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioecology of macrobenthic communities in the microtidal monsoonal Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary, southwest coast of India
Authors: Jayachandran Paravanparambil Rajakumar , Bijoy Nandan Sivasankaran , Jima Mantodi , Sreedevi Odassery Krishnankutty , Philomina Joseph , Prabhakaran Meethal Parambath 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA comprehensive study of the macrobenthic communities in the Kodungallur–Azhikode Estuary (KAE) was conducted during 2009–2011 period. A total of 18,846 organisms were collected, with 60% being malacostracans, followed by polychaetes (20%), molluscs (9%) and ‘others’ group (11%). A total of 79 species in 71 genera belonging to 49 families were identified, with 33 spp. being polychaetes, 26 spp. being malacostracans, 11 spp. being molluscs and 9 spp. being in the ‘others’ group. A single species of opportunistic amphipod (Americorophium triaeonyx) comprised more than 62.05% of the total numerical abundance of macrobenthos. The other dominant species were Obelia bidentata, Arcuatula senhousia, Cirolana fluviatilis, Prionospio cirrifera and Capitella sp. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results indicated environmental parameters such as water column salinity, turbidity, sediment Eh, substratum type, chlorophyll‐a concentration, depth and organic matter in sediment were the significant factors influencing the distribution of macrobenthic species in the KAE. The present study provides baseline information for future KAE benthic studies.
Patient awareness and quality of oral surgery referrals to specialist practice
Authors: Jadun S. , Syed N. , Drabu T. , Yates J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecent years have shown an increase in the number of patients referred from primary care to a secondary care setting for oral surgery treatment. Due to the high volume of referrals to specialist Oral Surgery services, it is paramount that the referrals from dentist to specialists be appropriate and of a high standard.Materials and methodsThe first part of this study assessed patients referred to two primary care settings for oral surgery procedures in Manchester, UK, and the second part examined the quality of the referrals undertaken.ResultsA total number of 500 referrals were evaluated from January 2016 to June 2016. The average waiting times for the patients was 3–4 weeks. The majority of patients understood why they had been referred and for what treatment. Less than half the patients were aware that they were to be treated under local anaesthetic. A significant number thought they would be treated either under IV sedation or GA. More than half the patients expected the treatment to be performed in a general dental practice although a number thought treatment would be undertaken in a hospital setting. The contact details were correct in 99%. The teeth to be treated were also largely correct for both practices (98%). Importantly, inappropriate radiographs were attached to more than half of the referrals.ConclusionA patient‐centred approach to specialist referrals would better equip patients to make informed decisions regarding the treatment to be provided. Furthermore, clarification of referrals to Oral Surgery services is required in some cases.
Sputum transcriptomics implicates increased p38 signalling activity in severe asthma
Authors: Baines Katherine J. , Fricker Michael , McDonald Vanessa M. , Simpson Jodie L. , Wood Lisa G. , Wark Peter A.B. , Macdonald Heather E. , Reid Andrew , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveSevere asthma is responsible for a disproportionate burden of illness and healthcare costs spent on asthma. This study analyses sputum transcriptomics to investigate the mechanisms and novel treatment targets of severe asthma.MethodsInduced sputum samples were collected in a cross‐sectional study from participants with severe asthma (n = 12, defined as per GINA criteria), non‐severe uncontrolled (n = 21) and controlled asthma (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 15). Sputum RNA was extracted and transcriptomic profiles were generated (Illumina HumanRef‐8 V2) and analysed (GeneSpring). Sputum protein lysates were analysed for p38 activation in a validation study (n = 24 asthma, n = 8 healthy) by western blotting.ResultsThere were 2166 genes differentially expressed between the four groups. In severe asthma, the expression of 1875, 1308 and 563 genes was altered compared to healthy controls, controlled and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Of the 1875 genes significantly different to healthy controls, 123 were >2‐fold change from which four networks were identified. Thirty genes (>2‐fold change) were significantly different in severe asthma compared to both controlled asthma and healthy controls. There was enrichment of genes in the p38 signalling pathway that were associated with severe asthma. Phosphorylation of p38 was increased in a subset of severe asthma samples, correlating with neutrophilic airway inflammation.ConclusionSevere asthma is associated with substantial differences in sputum gene expression that underlie unique cellular mechanisms. The p38 signalling pathway may be important in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, and future investigations into p38 inhibition are warranted as a ‘non‐Th2’ therapeutic option.
The relationship between β1‐adrenergic and M2‐muscarinic receptor autoantibodies and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Duan Xin , Liu Rong , Luo Xiao‐Liang , Gao Xiao‐Jin , Hu Feng‐Huan , Guo Chao , Wang Juan , Hu Xiao‐Ying , Chun Yu‐Shi , Yuan Jian‐Song , Cui Jin‐Gang , Yang Wei‐Xian , Qiao Shu-Bin 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The concentrations of β1‐adrenergic receptor and M2‐muscarinic receptor autoantibodies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients and the relationship between the cardiac autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of HCM have rarely been reported.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that the concentrations of the two autoantibodies in HCM patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects. Furthermore, we found that the concentrations of the two autoantibodies could reflect myocardial injury and diastolic dysfunction in HCM patients to some extent and might be involved in the occurrence of arrhythmia. These findings might be valuable in exploration of the mechanisms of occurrence and progression of HCM.

AbstractIncreasing attention is being given to the role of immunological mechanisms in the development of heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of serum β1‐adrenergic receptor autoantibody (β1‐AAb) and M2‐muscarinic receptor autoantibody (M2‐AAb) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and the relationship between β1‐AAb, M2‐AAb and clinical indices. One hundred and thirty‐four patients with HCM were recruited consecutively into the HCM group. Forty healthy subjects were assigned as the normal controls (NCs). Serum samples were collected to measure the concentrations of β1‐AAb and M2‐AAb by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical data of HCM patients were collected. The serum concentrations of β1‐AAb and M2‐AAb of HCM patients were significantly higher than those of NCs. In HCM patients, those with a left atrial diameter ≥50 mm or moderate‐to‐severe mitral regurgitation had significantly higher concentrations of the two autoantibodies. Patients with a history of syncope had higher concentrations of β1‐AAb. Female patients and patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death or atrial fibrillation had higher concentrations of M2‐AAb. Maximal wall thickness, interventricular septum thickness and resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient were positively correlated with log β1‐AAb or log M2‐AAb in HCM patients. In conclusion, the serum concentrations of β1‐AAb and M2‐AAb of HCM patients were significantly higher than those of NCs. Being female, syncope, a family history of sudden death, atrial fibrillation, left atrial diameter ≥50 mm, moderate‐to‐severe mitral regurgitation, maximal wall thickness, interventricular septum thickness and resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient may affect the concentrations of the two autoantibodies.
Experimental and Numerical Study for Drillship Moonpool Gap Resonances in Stationary and Transit Conditions in Wave Flume
Authors: Feng Aichun , Magee Allan , Price W. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Experimental and numerical studies are performed to investigate drillship moonpool gap resonance in both stationary and transit conditions in a wave flume. This study contains an assessment of the influence of size and depth of the moonpool on the gap resonance phenomenon. An openfoam-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established, and the numerical data show good agreement with measurements from the model tests. Both piston and sloshing mode gap resonances are clearly observed. This study shows that the gap resonance frequency and wave elevation response amplitude operator (RAO) inside the moonpool are dependent on its dimensions, and the transit speed of the drillship and wave direction significantly influences the characteristics of gap resonances. It is noticed that the nearness of the wave flume sidewalls significantly influences the piston and sloshing wave elevation RAO at certain frequencies regardless of moonpool length and draft.
Transient Performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm From System Dynamics Point of View
Authors: Zhang Haopeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is studied from the system dynamics point of view. The dynamics of the particles in PSO algorithm are considered as second-order systems. Depending on the selections of the parameters, the second-order systems have over-damped, critically damped, underdamped, or undamped responses. Different responses give the algorithm different types of performance. Therefore, in this paper, we derive the conditions for parameters in the PSO algorithm such that the particles have different responses. The exploration and exploitation of PSO are discussed numerically. Moreover, due to the fact that the discrete model of PSO is converted from a continuous model by certain sampling ratio, the sampling ratio variable is introduced to the PSO algorithm. With different sampling ratios, the stability region of the PSO algorithm is increased and the performance of the algorithm is changed. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the PSO algorithm with different selections of the parameters.
<strong>A modified Munger cell for testing long-term effects of predator-induced stress on prey: an example using <em>Tyrophagus putrescentiae</em> (Acaridae) and its predator <em>Neoseiulus cucumeris</em> (Phytoseiidae)</strong>
Authors: WEI XIAOYING , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: December 2019

Predators can influence prey directly by consuming them, or indirectly by inducing stress to them. In previous studies, the exposure of leaves or containers to predators is short term and the replacement of such predator-exposed units for any long-term experiments is laborious. This study aims to establish a new method to enable continuous predator-induced stress to prey by using a modified Munger cell, with Tyrophagus putrescentiae and its predator predator Neoseiulus cucumeris as an example.
Reliability and Validity of the Sit-to-Stand as a Muscular Power Measure in Older Adults
Authors: Sherwood Jennifer J. , Inouye Cathy , Webb Shannon L. , O Jenny 
Published: December 2019

The study aims were to analyze the reliability and validity of the GymAware™ linear position transducer’s velocity and power measures during the sit-to-stand, compared with the Dartfish 2D videography analysis, and to assess the relationship of age and handgrip strength with velocity and power in 48 older men and women (77.6 ± 11.1 years). The results showed excellent agreement between GymAware- and Dartfish-derived sit-to-stand velocity (intraclass correlation coefficient2-1 = .94 and power intraclass correlation coefficient2-1 = .98) measures. A moderate and negative relationship was found between age and velocity (r = −.62; p < .001) and age and power (r = −.63; p < .001). A moderate and positive relationship was found between handgrip strength and velocity (r = .43; p = .002) and handgrip strength and power (r = .54; p < .001). The results show the GymAware velocity and power measures during the sit-to-stand in older adults to be reliable and valid.
Structures of the AMPA receptor in complex with its auxiliary subunit cornichon
Authors: Nakagawa Terunaga 
Published: December 2019

Regulating synaptic signals
In the brain, AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are ion channels that play key roles in synaptic plasticity, cognition, learning, and memory. Two classes of subunits, the claudin family and the cornichon family, regulate AMPAR gating and trafficking. Previous structures have been presented of AMPAR bound to claudin homologs. Now, Nakagawa reports a high-resolution structure of AMPAR bound to the cornichon homolog CNIH3, determined by cryo–electron microscopy (see the Perspective by Schwenk and Fakler). In contrast to a predicted topology of three transmembrane helices and an intracellular amino terminus, CNIH3 has four transmembrane helices, and both the amino and carboxyl termini are extracellular. The structure reveals the architecture of the interaction interface between AMPAR and CNIH3 and suggests a role for lipids in regulating the assembly and function of the AMPAR-CNIH3 complex.

Science
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Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical management and prevention
Authors: Joe Elizabeth , Ringman John M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β in the form of extracellular plaques and by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, with eventual neurodegeneration and dementia. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment though several symptomatic medications exist with modest benefit on cognition. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have a consistent benefit across all stages of dementia; their benefit in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD is unproven. Memantine has a smaller benefit on cognition overall which is limited to the moderate to severe stages, and the combination of a cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may have additional efficacy. Evidence for the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation and medical foods is weak but might be considered in the context of cost, availability, and safety in individual patients. Apparently promising disease-modifying interventions, mostly addressing the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, have recently failed to demonstrate efficacy so novel approaches must be considered.
Promoting women’s and children’s health through community groups in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review of mechanisms, enablers and barriers
Authors: Gram Lu , Fitchett Adam , Ashraf Asma , Daruwalla Nayreen , Osrin David 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionCommunity mobilisation through group activities has been used to improve women’s and children’s health in a range of low-income and middle-income contexts, but the mechanisms through which it works deserve greater consideration. We did a mixed-methods systematic review of mechanisms, enablers and barriers to the promotion of women’s and children’s health in community mobilisation interventions.MethodsWe searched for theoretical and empirical peer-reviewed articles between January 2000 and November 2018. First, we extracted and collated proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers into categories. Second, we extracted and synthesised evidence for them using narrative synthesis. We assessed risk of bias with adapted Downs and Black and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. We assigned confidence grades to each proposed mechanism, enabler and barrier.Results78 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 39 described interventions based on a participatory group education model, 19 described community-led structural interventions to promote sexual health in marginalised populations and 20 concerned other types of intervention or multiple interventions at once. We did not have high confidence in any mechanism, enabler or barrier. Two out of 15 proposed mechanisms and 10 out of 12 proposed enablers and barriers reached medium confidence. A few studies provided direct evidence relating proposed mechanisms, enablers or barriers to health behaviours or health outcomes. Only two studies presented mediation or interaction analysis for a proposed mechanism, enabler or barrier.ConclusionWe uncovered multiple proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers to health promotion through community groups, but much work remains to provide a robust evidence base for proposed mechanisms, enablers and barriers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093695.
Defining the needs and preferences of patients with dry eye disease
Authors: Asbell Penny , Messmer Elisabeth , Chan Colin , Johnson Gary , Sloesen Brigitte , Cook Nigel 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveDry eye disease is a multifactorial chronic disease, leading to ocular discomfort and visual disturbance with a substantial impact on quality of life. Therefore, the patient’s perspective should be taken into account early in the drug development process. We have developed a step-by-step methodology based on the self-explicated conjoint approach to assess the needs and preferences of patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease.Methods and AnalysisFollowing a literature review and social media listening (step 0), qualitative phone call interviews were conducted with 12 patients (step 1). Patients’ responses underwent content analysis and were coded, quantified and displayed as charts. Based on the emerging trends and attributes identified as relevant in steps 0 and 1, a quantitative online questionnaire was designed and conducted with 160 patients across four countries (step 2).ResultsThe online questionnaire was rated as easy/very easy to understand by 60% of respondents, 62% rated the survey as easy/very easy to complete and 71% rated it as interesting/very interesting. Treatment satisfaction was the most important aspect for patients, and the three most relevant attributes were as follows (with the most important indexed to 100%): ‘treatment effectiveness on symptoms of dry eyes’ (100%), ‘frequency of treatment use’ (96%) and ‘how the treatment works’ (95%).ConclusionOur methodology was well received by patients, and the results will help inform future clinical trial development and discussions with health technology assessment bodies and regulators on unmet needs and product attributes that are of most value to patients with dry eye disease.
Impact of social deprivation on outcome following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Mohee Kevin , Protty Majd B , Whiffen Tony , Chase Alexander , Smith Dave 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate whether socioeconomic status influences outcome after first-time transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodThis is a single-centre study carried out in Swansea, South West Wales, UK between 5 November 2009 and 10 June 2018. Data included age, gender, domiciliary postal code, comorbidities, complications post-TAVI, length of stay, follow-up time and survival status. The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2014 was used to stratify cases by level of social deprivation according to domiciliary postal codes.ResultsStudy population was 387 patients of whom 213 (54.8%) were men with mean age ±SD of 82.8±8.3 years. Patients, who were less deprived (296 (76.4%)), were more likely to be older (83.5±7.9 vs 80.4±9.3, p<0.05) and to be married (83.2% vs 69.7%, p<0.05). Conversely, ‘more deprived’ patients (91 (23.6%)) were more likely to have a longer stay in hospital as compared with patients in the ‘less deprived group’ (29.6±32.7 days vs 21.3±21.1 days, p<0.05). However, 30-day, 1-year and 3-year survival/mortality rates were similar across all socioeconomic levels.ConclusionsThis is the first study in which social deprivation has been investigated as a risk factor for mortality in a high-risk group of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI. Residing in a ‘more deprived’ area in South West Wales is not associated with adverse outcome following TAVI but patients who are ‘more deprived’ tend to stay longer in hospital compared with patients who are ‘less deprived’.
Company and State Performance in Key Enabling Technologies — Case Study of Nanotechnology Industry
Authors: Duskova Monika , Souckova Marketa 
Published: December 2019

The so-called Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) are high-tech and promising technologies that are expected to significantly contribute to solving the societal and environmental challenges, which modern European society is facing. Thus, European Commission significantly supports the innovations relating to KETs. Focusing at one of KETs — nanotechnology, the aim of the paper is to present current complex evaluation system of KETs based on technology indicators and applying it at specific use case of moderate and lead nanotechnology-performing countries. Furthermore, the two-dimensional (technology and economic) assessment of the nanotechnology-performing companies in each country is done in order to support the KETs evaluation results. The quantitative and qualitative data of secondary research by various open databases are used. Finally, the necessity of complex evaluation of KETs implementation applying principles of the sustainable development and technology dimension is addressed.
在地结义
Authors: 黄 文车 
Published: December 2019

新马地区华人之闽南王爷信仰虽多起缘自福建原乡，然而当闽南王爷信仰随落番移民南传至新马地区之时，势必也会因为 “空间位移” 后面对不同环境与文化而产生变异。本论文主要观察北马槟榔屿、威省北海地区以 “灵应社” 为系统的孙佘池三王府如何发展其信仰文化与网络建构，思考马来西亚福建华人对于闽南王爷信仰的延续情形 本文所观察的槟城孙佘池三王府信仰透过早期华人社会的 “取义” 与 “结盟” 联结，进行由人境到神境的互动网络，如此除了可以凝聚海外华人对于家乡王府大人公信仰认同的凝聚力之外，更可用以对付外侮或谋求共利。“灵应社”各庙宇透过大规模酬神庆典绕境活动，以及施医派药善举，藉以延续王府大人公在马来西亚的 “巡狩” 神格，这也形成槟城孙佘池三王府大人巡狩南洋的神威显现。
Efficient Expression, Purification and Functional Evaluation of Human Epidermal Growth Factor-Collagen Binding Domain Hybrid Protein on Growth Stimulation of Human Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Parsaei Asghar , Shahsavarani Hosein , Noormohammadi Zahra , Irani Shiva , Shokrgozar Mohammadali 
Published: December 2019

Growth factors such as human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) have recently received high interest in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical industries mainly due to their ability to restore tissues proliferation and improvement of their biological functions. In spite of various hEGF applications, its efficient expression in Escherichia coli could not yet reach an industrial reality mainly due to the lack of the ability of folding into the correct 3D structure because of three disulfide bonds in monomer hEGF. To address these challenges, here a fusion hEGF protein with a C terminus of collagen binding domain (CBD) along with intein protein with self-splicing property and ELP sequence was constructed by a three-step cloning procedure. This enabled us to purify recombinant hEGF without using chromatography columns. Following the confirmation of the construct by colony PCR, restriction enzymes analysis and sequencing, the 62[Formula: see text]kDa band of ELP-INTEIN-hEGF-CBD were observed on SDS-PAGE and confirmed by western blotting. Subsequently, the mitotic activity in Balb/c 3T3 cells proliferation in presence of recombinant hEGF-CBD compared with commercial hEGF using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which showed that our purified recombinant protein stimulates the cell proliferation similar to the commercial protein. Our strategy could be considered as a new feasible approach to produce hEGF in E. coli for pharmaceutical and clinical applications.