bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Fifteen Year Retrospective Study In Jos North And Mangu, Plateau State, North - Central Nigeria
Authors: Sariem Comfort Nanbam , Odumosu Patricia , Dapar Maxwell Patrick , Musa Jonah , Ibrahim Luka , Aguiyi John Chinyere 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) disease is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally. Medication adherence will be more valuable if it improves clinical/treatment outcomes of the patient because treatment outcomes are major indicators for evaluating TB therapy.
Objective
To examine a fifteen-year record of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Jos North and Mangu Local Government Areas of Plateau State.
Methods
The retrospective registry based study was done in five TB treatment centers which account for more than half of data for tuberculosis patients in Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria. Data were collected from 10,156 TB patient’s health records from 2001 to 2015. Treatment outcomes were classified as successful (cured, treatment completed) or unsuccessful (non-adherent, treatment failure or death). Analysis was done descriptively and factors associated with treatment outcomes were determined using multiple logistic regression with the aid of Stata version 11.
Results
Males were 58.1% of the population (10,156). Mean age ±SD was 35.5±15.5 years. The overall treatment success rate was 67.4%; non-adherence/defaulting rate was 18.5%, with majority of patients defaulting at the end of intensive phase of treatment; sputum conversion rate was 72.8% and mortality rate was 7.5%. A decrease in successful treatment outcomes from 83.8% to 64.4%, with a corresponding increase in unsuccessful treatment outcomes was observed. After adjusting for sex, and TB category, being HIV positive was 2.8 times (95% CI: 1.11-6.83, p =0.028) more likely to be associated with treatment success than having an unknown status. TALF/RAD, relapse and MDR-TB were less likely associated with treatment success than newly diagnosed TB patients
Conclusion
Underlying reasons for medication non-adherence and treatment failure identified should be resolved by the patient, treatment supporter and health system through adherence counseling, increased education on voluntary counseling and testing of HIV among TB patients.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Treatment Outcomes, Retrospective Study, Nigeria
The shape of the glucose response curve during an OGTT heralds β−cell function in a large Chinese population
Authors: Cheng Xinqi , Yang Na , Li Yuxiu , Sun Qi , Qiu Ling , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Li Wei , Zhang Huabing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test can detect β-cell function and insulin resistance. But there were few studies in Chinese, so we aimed to verify the utility of these connections in a large Chinese population. Methods A total of 11,866 times of 3-h OGTT were categorized to either a monophasic or a multiphasic group based on the shape of the glucose response. Homeostasis model assessments of fasting insulin resistance, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and the disposition index were assessed by plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration obtained at fasting or during an OGTT. Results Individuals with a monophasic shape had significantly higher glucose, insulin, and had significantly lower insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function than multiphasic group. In addition, Individuals were younger with a multiphasic shape compared to those with a monophasic shape. Conclusion The monophasic OGTT glucose response curve could reflect impaired β-cell function in a large Chinese population.
Phylogenetic signals in pest abundance and distribution range of spider mites
Authors: Jin Peng-Yu , Sun Jing-Tao , Hoffmann Ary , Guo Yan-Fei , Zhou Jin-Cheng , Zhu Yu-Xi , Chen Lei , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Attributes of pest species like host range are frequently reported as being evolutionarily constrained and showing phylogenetic signal. Because these attributes in turn could influence the abundance and impact of species, phylogenetic information could be useful in predicting the likely status of pests. In this study, we used regional (China) and global datasets to investigate phylogenetic patterns in occurrence patterns and host ranges of spider mites, which constitute a pest group of many cropping systems worldwide. We found significant phylogenetic signal in relative abundance and distribution range both at the regional and global scales. Relative abundance and range size of spider mites were positively correlated with host range, although these correlations became weaker after controlling for phylogeny. The results suggest that pest impacts are evolutionarily constrained. Information that is easily obtainable – including the number of known hosts and phylogenetic position of the mites – could therefore be useful in predicting future pest risk of species.
Implementation Study of a 5-component Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) in an Emergency Department in British Columbia, Canada, to inform provincial scale up
Authors: McElroy Theresa A , Swartz Erik N. , Hassani Kasra , Waibel Sina , Tuff Yasmin , Marshall Catherine , Chan Richard , Wensley David , O'Donnell Maureen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The rapid identification of deterioration in the pediatric population is complex, particularly in the emergency department (ED). A comprehensive multi-faceted Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) might maximize early recognition of clinical deterioration and provide a structured process for the reassessment and escalation of care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the implementation fidelity, effectiveness, and utility of a 5-component PEWS implemented in the ED of an urban public general hospital in British Columbia, Canada, and to guide provincial scale up.
Methods: We used a before-and-after design to evaluate the implementation fidelity, effectiveness, and utility of a 5-component PEWS (pediatric assessment flowsheet, PEWS score, situational awareness, escalation aid, and communication framework). Sources of data included patient charts, surveys of direct care staff, and key-informant interviews. Data were analyzed using mixed-methods approaches.
Results: The majority of charts had documented PEWS scores at triage (80%) and first bedside assessment (81.2%), indicating that the intervention was implemented with high fidelity. The intervention was effective in increasing vital signs documentation, both at first beside assessment (84% increase) and throughout the ED stay (>100% increase), in improving staff’s self-perceived knowledge and confidence in providing pediatric care, and self-reported communication between staff. Satisfaction levels were high with the PEWS scoring system, flowsheet, escalation aid, and to a lesser extent with the situational awareness tool and communication framework. Reasons for dissatisfaction included increased paperwork and incidence of false-positives. Overall, the majority of providers indicated that implementation of the PEWS system and completing a PEWS score at triage alongside the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) added value to pediatric care in the ED. Results also suggest that the intervention is aligned with current practice in the ED.

Conclusion: Our study shows that high-fidelity implementation of PEWS in the ED is feasible. We also show that a multi-component PEWS can be effective in improving pediatric care and be well-accepted by staff. Results and lessons learned from this pilot study are being used to scale up implementation of PEWS in ED settings across the province of British Columbia.
Development of a high number, high coverage dog rabies vaccination programme in Sri Lanka.
Authors: Soriano Carlos Sánchez , Gibson Andrew D. , Gamble Luke , Bailey Jordana L. Burdon , Green Samantha , Green Mark , Bronsvoort Barend M. deC. , Handel Ian G. , Mellanby Richard J. , Mazeri Stella 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Rabies is estimated to cause 59,000 deaths and economic losses of 8.6 billion USD every year. Despite several years of rabies surveillance and awareness programmes, increased availability of post-exposure prophylaxis vaccinations and dog population control, the disease still remains prevalent in Sri Lanka. This study reports the development and roll-out of a high number, high coverage canine rabies vaccination campaign in Sri Lanka, providing estimates for the vaccination coverage achieved, analysing the local dog demographics, and identifying barriers of attendance to static vaccination clinics. Methods: A mass dog vaccination campaign was undertaken in Negombo, Sri Lanka. The campaign was composed of static point and door-to-door vaccination stages, with a final survey of vaccination coverage. A large volume of data on the distribution, health, and signalment of vaccinated dogs was collected through a mobile phone application. A logistic regression model was developed to investigate which socio-spatial and dog-related factors influenced attendance of owners to static vaccination points. Results: The campaign vaccinated over 7,800 dogs achieving a vaccination coverage of 75.8%. A dog:human ratio of 1:17 was estimated. Most dogs were owned, and the dog population was mostly male, adult, and non-sterilized. Unawareness, unavailability and handling problems were the most common reasons given by owners to explain failure to attend a static vaccination point. The regression analysis showed that increasing distance to a static point, in addition to young age and poor health of the dog, were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of attendance to a static vaccination points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of high number, high coverage vaccination campaigns in Sri Lanka. The information on dog ecology and barriers of attendance to a static point vaccination clinic will facilitate development of future vaccination campaigns.
Level of folic acid awareness for the prevention of neural tube defects and associated factors among pregnant women in Adama, South East Ethiopia
Authors: DESSIE MESELECH AMBAW , Berihun Ayanaw Worku 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract Background: Neural tube defects are congenital anomalies of the brain, spinal cord, and their surrounding structures. Folic acid intake before and during the early weeks of pregnancy could reduce neural tube and other birth defects. Folic acid usage in the protective period of pregnancy against the neural tube defects is related to high level of awareness. This study aimed at evaluating the level of folic acid awareness for the prevention of neural tube defects and associated factors among pregnant women in Adama, South East Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. 398 consented pregnant women attending antenatal care in Adama were the participants of the study. The women were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. A structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was concerned with participants’ demographic information, and their awareness about folic acid, roles of folic acid, and the recommended time of intake. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statical software. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. 95% confidence interval and p-value were used to evaluate the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Of the interviewed women, 20.9% reported having heard or read something about folic acid supplements. But only 1.01% and 6.03% were aware of the recommended time of intake and the role of folic acid in preventing neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies respectively. The healthcare providers were the primary source of information about folic acid, which account 78.3%. Folic acid awareness was associated with age, educational status, household monthly income, week of pregnancy at the first antenatal visit, any complication during current pregnancy, and use of folic acid during current pregnancy. Conclusions: Most of the pregnant women were not aware of folic acid, its importance and the recommended time of intake for preventing neural tube defects. Further effort is required from policymakers, healthcare providers, the media, and community to increase women's awareness about folic acid. Keywords: Folic acid, Awareness, Neural tube defects
Evaluation of Tools to Assess Psychological Distress: How to Measure Psychological Stress Reactions in Citizen Responders– A Systematic Review
Authors: Kragh Astrid Rolin , Folke Fredrik , Andelius Linn , Ries Emma Slebsager , Rasmussen Rasmus Vedby , Hansen Carolina Malta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population.
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation.
Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.
Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt.
Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.
Handwriting in Children with Attention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder: Analyzing by graphology
Authors: Cohen Rony , Cohen-Kroitoru Batia , Halevy Ayelet , Aharoni Sharon , Aizenberg Irena , Shuper Avinoam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Handwriting difficulties are common in children with attention deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD). The aim of our study was to find distinctive characteristics of handwriting in children with ADHD by using graphology to analyze physical characteristics and patterns, and to evaluate whether graphological analysis is an effective ADHD diagnostic tool for clinicians.
Method: The study group included 21 (43%) males and 28 (57%) females, with 15 (71.4%) males and 7 (25%) females diagnosed with ADHD. A graphologist analyzed handwriting text from 49 patients, 22/49 previously diagnosed with ADHD, aged 13-18 years, in a randomized, single-blinded study. All study participants wrote a story in Hebrew in 10-12 lines, on a blank paper with a blue pen, during a period of twenty minutes. A licensed graphologist was given the papers, without details, for characterization analysis. The graphologist suggested a profile of a person with ADHD based on graphology theory for ADHD, and gave patients one point for each ADHD handwriting characteristic, up to 15 points. Patients with 9-15 points were considered to have ADHD, based on their graphology evaluation.
Results
The mean graphology score in the DSM based ADHD group was significantly higher than in the control group (9.61+3.49 vs. 5.79+4.01, p=0.002, respectfully). Using score of 0 as a cutoff point graphology-based ADHD score had an 80% specificity (95% CIs [59.2-92.8]), and a sensitivity of 71.4%.
Conclusion: Handwriting in ADHD children and adolescence has specific characteristics, thus graphological analysis could be a useful tool to help clinicians in the diagnosis of ADHD.
Navigating complexity through intuition and evidence-based guidelines: a mix-methods study among child and youth healthcare practitioners
Authors: Erisman Jetske Charlotte , de Sabbata Kevin , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Syurina Elena V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Dutch child and youth health care (CYHC) practitioners monitor and assess the well-being of all children. One of their main concerns is identifying cases of child abuse, which is an arduous and sensitive task. They use both evidence-based guidelines aimed at increasing the quality of care through rationalised decision-making and intuition. These two practices are seen as being at odds with each other, yet empirical research has shown that both are needed in healthcare. This study aims to understand how Dutch CYHC-practitioners perceive the role of intuition in their work and in relation to evidence-based medicine, in the case of child abuse.Methods

A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In-depth semi-structured interviews with CYHC-practitioners focused on perceptions on intuition, which was followed by a survey amongst CYHC-professionals on the recognition and use of the concept.Results

The majority of CYHC-practitioners and professionals recognise and use intuition in their daily work, stating that it is necessary in their profession. CYHC-practitioners use intuition: 1) to sense that something is off, 2) to differentiate between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’, 3) to assess risks, 4) to weigh secondary information and 5) to communicate with parents. At the same time, they warn for its dangers as it may lead to tunnel vision and false accusations. Their ways of working with intuition show parallels to the practices that evidence-based guidelines try to support.Conclusion

Intuition is experienced as an integral part of the work of CYHC-practitioners. It is stated to be particularly useful in the case of child abuse, which is inherently complex as signs and evidence of abuse are hidden, subtle and unique in each case. CYHC-practitioners use intuition to manage and navigate this complexity. As there is a lack of guidance on how to practice intuition, there is a need for support through guidelines.
Theory of Mind, emotion recognition, delusions and the quality of the therapeutic relationship in patients with psychosis – a secondary analysis of a randomized-controlled therapy trial.
Authors: Mehl Stephanie , Hesse Klaus , Schmidt Anna-Christine , Landsberg Martin Wilhelm , Soll Daniel , Bechdolf Andreas , Herrlich Jutta , Kircher Tilo , Klingberg Stefan , Mueller Bernhard , Wiedemann Georg , Wittorf Andreas , Woelwer Wolfgang , Wagner Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Cognitive models of psychosis postulate an important role of Theory of mind (ToM) in the formation and maintenance of delusions, but research on this plausible conjecture has gathered conflicting findings. In addition, it is still an open question whether problems in emotion recognition (ER) - an important precondition to ToM - are associated with delusions. We examined the association of problems in ToM and ER with different aspects of delusions in a large sample of patients with psychosis enrolled in a therapy trial. This also enabled us to explore the possible impact of ToM and ER on one part of patients’ social life: the quality of their therapeutic relationship.Methods: Patients with psychotic disorders and delusions and/or hallucinations (n=185) and healthy controls (n=48) completed a ToM picture sequencing task and an ER task. Subsequently, patients were enrolled in a randomized-controlled Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) trial (ISRCTN29242879). Patients and therapists rated the quality of the therapeutic relationship during the first five sessions of therapy.Results: In comparison to controls, patients were impaired in both ToM and ER. Patients with deficits in ER experienced more severe delusional distress, whereas ToM problems were not related to delusions. In addition, deficits in ER predicted a less favorable therapeutic relationship and interactional problems viewed by the therapist. Impaired ER also moderated (increased) the negative influence of delusions on the therapeutic relationship and interactional difficulties viewed by the therapist. Conclusions: Cognitive models on the formation and maintenance of delusions should consider ER as a potential candidate that might be related to the formation and maintenance of delusional distress, whereas problems in ToM might not be directly related to delusions and secondary dimensions of delusions. In addition, problems in ER in patients with psychosis might have an impact on the quality of the therapeutic relationship and patients with problems in ER are more likely to be viewed as problematic by their therapists. Nevertheless, training ER might be a way to improve the quality of the therapeutic relationship and potentially the effectiveness of CBT or other interventions for patients with psychosis.
Prevalence of Myopia and Vision Impairment in School Students in Eastern China
Authors: wang jianyong , Ying Gui-shuang , Fu Xiaojin , Zhang Ronghua , Meng Jia , Gu Fang , Li Juanjuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Prevention of myopia has become a public health priority in China. This study is to investigate the prevalence of myopia and vision impairment, and their associated factors in school students in eastern China. Method: In this cross-sectional school-based study of 4804 students from 18 schools ranging from kindergarten to high school, students underwent refraction using non-cycloplegic autorefractor and visual acuity testing using logMAR chart with tumbling E. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SPHE) ≤ -0.5 diopter (D) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 20/25 or worse. High myopia was defined as SPHE ≤ -6.0 D and UCVA 20/25 or worse. Vision impairment was defined as UCVA 20/40 or worse. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with myopia and vision impairment. Results: Among 4804 children (55% male) with mean age (standard deviation) 12.3 (3.8) years, 3031 (63.1%, 95% CI: 61.7-64.4%) had myopia, 452 (9.4%, 95% CI: 8.6-10.3%) had high myopia, and 2646 (55.1%, 95% CI: 53.7-56.5%) had vision impairment. The prevalence rate of myopia increased with grade in a non-linear manner, 12% in kindergarten, 32% in grade 2, 69% in grade 5, and approximately 90% by grade 10 or above. The prevalence rate of high myopia was relatively low in grade 4 or below (<1.5%), 4-7% in grade 5 to 7, 13-15% in grade 8-9, and >20% in grade 10 to 12. The prevalence rate of vision impairment was 3.7% in kindergarten, 36.6% in elementary school, 76.7% in middle school and 86.5% in high school students. Higher grade (p<0.0001), female (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p=0.007) were independently associated with higher prevalence rates of myopia and vision impairment, while higher grade (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p<0.0001) were independently associated with higher prevalence of high myopia. Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia and vision impairment was high among Chinese school students and increased with grade in a non-linear manner, reaching alarming high in high school students accompanied by high prevalence of high myopia. Increasing study burden on school students at younger age plays an important role on the higher prevalence rate of myopia and vision impairment.