bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of oral triiodothyronine supplementation on lactate and pyruvate after paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Marwali Eva M. , Caesa Putri , Rayhan Muhammad , Roebiono Poppy S. , Fakhri Dicky , Haas Nikolaus A. , Kajimoto Masaki , Portman Michael A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine if triiodothyronine alters lactate, glucose, and pyruvate metabolism, and if serum pyruvate concentration could serve as a predictor of low cardiac output syndrome in children after cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.Methods:This study was ancillary to the Oral Triiodothyronine for Infants and Children undergoing Cardiopulmonary bypass (OTICC) trial. Serum pyruvate was measured in the first 48 patients and lactate and glucose were measured in all 208 patients enrolled in the OTICC study on the induction of anaesthesia, 1 and 24 hours post-aortic cross-clamp removal. Patients were also defined as having low cardiac output syndrome according to the OTICC trial protocol.Result:Amongst the designated patient population for pyruvate analysis, 22 received placebo, and 26 received triiodothyronine (T3). Lactate concentrations were nearly 20 times greater than pyruvate. Lactate and pyruvate levels were not significantly different between T3 and placebo group. Glucose levels were significantly higher in the placebo group mainly at 24-hour post-cross-clamp removal. Additionally, lactate and glucose levels peaked at 1-hour post-cross-clamp removal in low cardiac output syndrome and non-low cardiac output syndrome patients, but subsequently decreased at a slower rate in low cardiac output syndrome. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations correlated with glucose only prior to surgery.Conclusion:Thyroid supplementation does not alter systemic lactate/pyruvate metabolism after cardiopulmonary bypass and reperfusion. Pyruvate levels are not useful for predicting low cardiac output syndrome. Increased blood glucose may be regarded as a response to hypermetabolic stress, seen mostly in patients with low cardiac output syndrome.
MUSLIM AMERICAN DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Islam Inaash 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article engages in a theoretical discussion and application of Du Boisian double consciousness to understand the formation of the Muslim American self. Du Boisian double consciousness, and its three elements (the Veil, Twoness, and Second Sight) are used to understand phenomenological processes of Muslim American self-formation as being situated within and conditioned by structural contexts of racialization. By drawing on critical scholarship that highlights the operation of the Muslim racial project in contemporary U.S. contexts, I show how double consciousness emerges through the Othering of Muslim Americans at the macro, meso, and micro levels of society, which then defines them as outside of the U.S. national imaginary, and denies them their equal civic status as citizens of the state. By utilizing double consciousness to understand the Muslim American self as it is embedded in racialized U.S. contexts, this article fills a crucial gap in the literature by theoretically expanding on racialized processes of Muslim American identity formation in the racialized contexts of the United States.
Will prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 define a birth cohort with accelerated aging in the century ahead?
Authors: Easterlin Molly Crimmins , Crimmins Eileen M. , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 1918 Influenza pandemic had long-term impacts on the cohort exposed in utero which experienced earlier adult mortality, and more diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and depression after age 50. It is possible that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will also have long-term impacts on the cohort that was in utero during the pandemic, from exposure to maternal infection and/or the stress of the pandemic environment. We discuss how COVID-19 disease during pregnancy may affect fetal and postnatal development with adverse impacts on health and aging. Severe maternal infections are associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response, thromboembolic events, and placental vascular malperfusion. We also discuss how in utero exposure to the stress of the pandemic, without maternal infection, may impact health and aging. Several recently initiated birth cohort studies are tracking neonatal health following in utero severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. We suggest these cohort studies develop plans for longer-term observations of physical, behavioral, and cognitive functions that are markers for accelerated aging, as well as methods to disentangle the effects of maternal infection from stresses of the pandemic environment. In utero exposure to COVID-19 disease could cause developmental difficulties and accelerated aging in the century ahead. This brief review summarizes elements of the developmental origins of health, disease, and ageing and discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic might exacerbate such effects. We conclude with a call for research on the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to maternal infection with COVID-19 and stresses of the pandemic environment.
A Ternary Mixing Model Approach Using Benthic Foraminifer δ13C‐δ18O Data to Reconstruct Late Pliocene Deep Atlantic Water Mass Mixing
Authors: van der Weijst Carolien M. H. , Winkelhorst Josse , Lourens Lucas , Raymo Maureen E. , Sangiorgi Francesca , Sluijs Appy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLate Pliocene deep Atlantic δ13C data have been interpreted as evidence for enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) compared to the present, but this hypothesis is not supported by the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Here, we adopt a new approach to assess variability in deep ocean circulation based on paired stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of benthic foraminifera, both (semi)conservative water mass tracers. Assuming that deep Atlantic benthic δ13C‐δ18O variability is predominantly driven by mixing, we extrapolate the δ13C‐δ18O data outside the sampled range to identify the end‐members. At least three end‐members are needed to explain the spatial δ13C‐δ18O variability in the deep North Atlantic Ocean: two Northern Component Water (NCW) and one Southern Component Water (SCW) water masses. We use a ternary mixing model to quantify the mixing proportions between SCW and NCW in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Our analysis includes new data from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 959 and 662 in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and suggests that the AMOC cell was deeper during the M2 glacial than during late Pliocene interglacials. Moreover, we identify a new cold and well‐ventilated water mass that was geographically restricted to the southeast Atlantic Ocean between 3.6 and 2.7 Ma and did not contribute significantly to the δ13C‐δ18O variability of the rest of the basin. This high‐δ13C high‐δ18O water mass has led to the misconception of a reduced latitudinal δ13C gradient. Our analyses show that the late Pliocene δ13C gradient between NCW and SCW was similar to the present‐day value of 1.1‰.
An Analysis of Abandoned Oil Well Characteristics Affecting Methane Emissions Estimates in the Cherokee Platform in Eastern Oklahoma
Authors: Saint‐Vincent Patricia M. B. , Reeder Matthew D. , Sams James I. , Pekney Natalie J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic activities increase methane emissions, contributing to greenhouse gas levels and adversely affecting the environment. Abandoned oil and gas wells potentially leak methane, but data are limited. We analyze methane emissions from abandoned wells (n = 179) in the Cherokee Platform in Oklahoma, a previously unaccounted basin, and compare emissions factors (EFs) to those in the Greenhouse Gas Inventory. We compare the contribution of various characteristics to the propensity for leakage. Higher emissions were observed with shallower wells and with unplugged wells. Plugged wells (n = 20) had an average EF of 96 ± 429 g/day and 65 ± 294 g/day for unplugged wells (n = 159). The majority of wells had no detectable leak. We calculated ethane EFs based on geochemical analysis of gas samples, finding higher EFs for unplugged (1.2 ± 5.5 g/day) versus plugged (0.9 ± 4.6 g/day) wells. The data indicate that in addition to the location of abandoned wells, physical characteristics are necessary to consider in estimating methane emissions.
Dominant Process for Northward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Yang Young‐Min , Lee June‐Yi , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNorthward propagation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) over the Western North Pacific (WNP) has significant impacts on extreme events over Asia and Europe. Here we test hypotheses that northward propagation mechanisms over the WNP may differ from those over the Indian Ocean (IO) by performing numerical experiments with changing mean states through lowering the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our results suggest that air‐sea interaction plays a dominant role in the propagation over the WNP, whereas the mean vertical wind shear mechanism is the major driver over the IO. Lowering TP significantly reduces sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies to the north of BSISO center due to the enhanced surface wind and latent heat flux anomalies. This air‐sea interaction reduces upward transport of heat and moisture from surface to lower troposphere, weakening the northward propagation over the WNP. This study implies changes in SST patterns under global warming may influence BSISO propagation.
Nutrient Distribution in East Antarctic Summer Sea Ice: A Potential Iron Contribution From Glacial Basal Melt
Authors: Duprat L. , Corkill M. , Genovese C. , Townsend A. T. , Moreau S. , Meiners K. M. , Lannuzel D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntarctic sea ice can incorporate high levels of iron (Fe) during its formation and has been suggested as an important source of this essential micronutrient to Southern Ocean surface waters during the melt season. Over the last decade, a limited number of studies have quantified the Fe pool in Antarctic sea ice, with a focus on late winter and spring. Here we study the distribution of operationally defined dissolved and particulate Fe from nine sites sampled between Wilkes Land and King George V Land during austral summer 2016/2017. Results point toward a net heterotrophic sea‐ice community, consistent with the observed nitrate limitation (<1 μM). We postulate that the recycling of the high particulate Fe pool in summer sea ice supplies sufficient (∼3 nM) levels of dissolved Fe to sustain ice algal growth. The remineralization of particulate Fe is likely favored by high concentrations of exopolysaccharides (113–16,290 μg xeq L−1) which can serve as a hotspot for bacterial activity. Finally, results indicate a potential relationship between glacial meltwater discharged from the Moscow University Ice Shelf and the occurrence of Fe‐rich (∼4.3 μM) platelet ice in its vicinity. As climate change is expected to result in enhanced Fe‐rich glacial discharge and changes in summer sea‐ice extent and quality, the processes influencing Fe distribution in sea ice that persists into summer need to be better constrained.
Impacts of Hurricane Winds and Precipitation on Hydrodynamics in a Back‐Barrier Estuary
Authors: Rey Alexander J. M. , Corbett D. Reide , Mulligan Ryan P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring extreme storms, both wind‐driven changes in water levels and intense precipitation can contribute to flooding. Particularly on low‐lying coastal plains, storm‐driven flooding can cover large areas, resulting in major damage. To investigate the roles of rainfall and storm surge on coastal flooding, a coupled flow‐wave model (Delft3D‐SWAN) that includes precipitation is used to simulate two major storm events. The modeling system is applied over a domain covering coastal North Carolina, USA, including the large Albemarle‐Pamlico estuarine system, and a long and narrow back‐barrier estuary (Currituck Sound [CS]) that experiences major water level variations is investigated in detail. A high‐resolution (50 m) grid with eight vertical layers is used to simulate the conditions during Tropical Storm Hermine and Hurricane Matthew in 2016. Hindcasts (winds, pressure, and precipitation) from eight different atmospheric models are used as atmospheric input conditions, and the results are compared with detailed observations of surface waves, currents, and water levels from sensors mounted on five monitoring platforms in CS. Results show that major differences exist between wind fields producing variations coastal conditions. Precipitation directly on the water surface had a large effect on water levels and produced a larger inundated area. These results help to understand the important contributions of each physical process (precipitation, wind‐driven surge, and waves) to circulation and water levels, and provide guidance on the impact of atmospheric forcing conditions on back‐barrier environments during hurricanes.
Gravity Wave Breaking and Vortex Ring Formation Observed by PMC Turbo
Authors: Geach C. , Hanany S. , Fritts D. C. , Kaifler B. , Kaifler N. , Kjellstrand C. B. , Williams B. P. , Eckermann S. D. , Miller A. D. , Jones G. , Reimuller J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolar mesospheric cloud (PMC) imaging and lidar profiling performed aboard the 5.9‐day PMC Turbo balloon flight from Sweden to northern Canada in July 2018 revealed a wide variety of gravity wave (GW) and instability events occurring nearly continuously at approximately 82 km. We describe one event exhibiting GW breaking and associated vortex rings driven by apparent convective instability. Using PMC Turbo imaging with spatial and temporal resolution of 20 m and 2 s, respectively, we quantify the GW horizontal wavelength, propagation direction, and apparent phase speed. We identify vortex rings with diameters of 2–5 km and horizontal spacing comparable to their size. Lidar data show GW vertical displacements of ±0.3 km. From the data, we find a GW intrinsic frequency and vertical wavelength of 0.009 ± 0.003 rad s−1 and 9 ± 4 km, respectively. We show that these values are consistent with the predictions of numerical simulations of idealized GW breaking. We estimate the momentum deposition rate per unit mass during this event to be 0.04 ± 0.02 m s−2 and show that this value is consistent with the observed GW. Comparison to simulation gives a mean energy dissipation rate for this event of 0.05–0.4 W kg−1, which is consistent with other reported in situ measurements at the Arctic summer mesopause.
Regional Scale Temperature Rather than Precipitation Determines Vessel Features in Earlywood of Manchurian Ash in Temperate Forests
Authors: Zhu L. , Cooper D. J. , Yuan D. , Li Z. , Zhang Y. , Liang H. , Wang X. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe earlywood vessels (EWVs) of ring‐porous species are formed in the outermost tree ring to guarantee efficient water transport before bud break. At present, it is unclear which climatic factors influence the formation of EWV traits of trees in temperate forests, which limits the accuracy of predicting forest response to climate change. We investigated the EWV traits of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) in a network of 19 sites in northeast China. Ring width (RW) was significantly negatively correlated with vessel density (VD) and positively correlated with other EWV traits, including mean vessel area (MVA), hydraulic diameter (Dh), vessel number (VN), and total vessel area (TVA). The climate signals recorded by RW and EWV traits were consistent in almost all sites. Temperature was the most important climate factor limiting xylem formation that influences RW and EWV of Manchurian ash. The minimum temperature, especially in the previous growing season, was positively correlated with RW and EWV traits but negatively correlated with VD at almost all sites. In the drier northern sites, temperature and moisture in nongrowing season also had a positive effect on RW and EWV traits. The rapid warming around 1980 significantly promotes hydraulic efficiency (Dh, VN, MVA, and TVA) and carbon assimilation (RW), which provided a potential physiological mechanisms of climate warming leading to growth increase of ring‐porous broadleaf species. It is worth noting that continuous climate warming has brought great benefits to tree growth, but it also increases the risk of hydraulic failure, especially in the south.
Unraveling Glacial Hydroclimate in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool: Perspectives From Water Isotopes
Authors: Windler Grace , Tierney Jessica E. , Zhu Jiang , Poulsen Christopher J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is home to the warmest sea surface temperatures in the world oceans, favoring strong tropospheric convection and heavy rainfall. The mechanisms controlling long‐term change in the region's hydroclimate are still uncertain. Here, we present a 450,000‐year record of precipitation δD from southern Sumatra that records a consistent pattern of glacial isotopic enrichment and interglacial depletion. We synthesize existing paleo‐indicators of precipitation δD and δ18O in the IPWP and compare results with water isotope‐enabled climate simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The simulations show glacial isotopic enrichment over the eastern Indian Ocean extending into the southern IPWP and isotopic depletion over Southeast Asia, the west Pacific, and Australia. The pattern of simulated LGM isotopic change agrees generally well with our proxy synthesis. We conclude that reorganization of regional circulation under glacial conditions controls precipitation isotope variability in the IPWP: Low‐level tropospheric convergence dominates the signal in the north/east, whereas divergence controls the response in the south/west. Additional sensitivity simulations suggest that the LGM ice sheets and the associated lowering in sea level, rather than decreased greenhouse gases, are responsible for the distinctive spatial pattern in glacial changes of precipitation isotopes and hydroclimate across the IPWP.
First Estimations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the South of Portugal
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Joana , Pinheiro Fernando J. G. , Pais Maria Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic storms induce electric fields in the conducting Earth, which are the source of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in grounded power lines. In this study, we compute time‐varying geoelectric fields induced in the southern region of the Portuguese mainland at the time of the strongest geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 24, using a plane‐wave approximation. The driving geomagnetic storm signals are obtained from series recorded at the Coimbra magnetic observatory. Magnetotelluric impedance tensors used to compute the induced electric field are obtained using a conductivity model that takes into account general features of the local lithology and the proximity to the sea. The first GIC simulations for Portugal are presented, using data from the national high voltage power network. Starting with an a priori standard uniform electric field to compute electromotive forces, we first assess the susceptibility of the power system network given only its topology and resistance parameters. For real storms, we report (i) the clustering of the horizontal geomagnetic time variation around the northwest‐southeast direction, (ii) the simulation of the effect of the western and southern coastlines of the territory over the induced electric field, and (iii) the spotting of the substations most sensitive to storms in the studied region.
Application of the Verified Neutron Monitor Yield Function for an Extended Analysis of the GLE # 71 on 17 May 2012
Authors: Mishev A. L. , Koldobskiy S. A. , Usoskin I. G. , Kocharov L. G. , Kovaltsov G. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntense solar activity was observed in May 2012. A notable ground level enhancement (GLE) was registered on 17 May 2012 by several space‐borne instruments as well as on ground by neutron monitors (NMs). This event is known as GLE # 71. Here, we derived the spectral and angular characteristics, and apparent source position of the solar protons during the GLE # 71, employing verified newly computed NM yield function and sophisticated unfolding procedure. We considerably improved the previously derived information about the spectra and angular distribution, namely, the precision, time span, and time resolution of the derived characteristics, specifically during the event onset and late phase. A comparison with direct measurements, with the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) experiment, of the particle fluence was performed, and good agreement between NM and direct space‐borne data analysis was achieved. Subsequently, we computed the effective dose rates in the polar region at several altitudes during the event using the derived rigidity spectra of the solar protons as a reliable input for the corresponding radiation model. The contribution of the galactic cosmic rays and solar protons to the exposure is explicitly considered. We computed the integrated exposure during the event and discussed the exposure of crew members/passengers to radiation at several altitudes.
New Timing Constraints for the Onset of Laramide Deformation in Southwest Montana Challenge our Understanding of the Development of a Thick‐Skinned Structural Style During Flat‐Slab Subduction
Authors: Orme Devon A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States, Laramide‐style reverse faulting involving Proterozoic‐Archean basement is interpreted to be a result of flat‐slab subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the continent. Garber et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005944) present new provenance data from the Upper Cretaceous Beaverhead Group in southwest Montana, which suggest the basement‐cored Blacktail‐Snowcrest uplift to be active earlier than previous estimates. Combined with other studies from the region, an earlier age for onset of Laramide‐style deformation requires reevaluation of how the interior of the upper plate deforms during subduction.
The role of m6A modification in physiology and disease
Authors: Yang Chuan , Hu Yiyang , Zhou Bo , Bao Yulu , Li Zhibin , Gong Chunli , Yang Huan , Wang Sumin , Xiao Yufeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimilar to DNA epigenetic modifications, multiple reversible chemical modifications on RNAs have been uncovered in a new layer of epigenetic modification. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification that occurs in ~30% transcripts, is dynamically regulated by writer complex (methylase) and eraser (RNA demethylase) proteins, and is recognized by reader (m6A-binding) proteins. The effects of m6A modification are reflected in the functional modulation of mRNA splicing, export, localization, translation, and stability by regulating RNA structure and interactions between RNA and RNA-binding proteins. This modulation is involved in a variety of physiological behaviors, including neurodevelopment, immunoregulation, and cellular differentiation. The disruption of m6A modulations impairs gene expression and cellular function and ultimately leads to diseases such as cancer, psychiatric disorders, and metabolic disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms and functions of m6A modification in a variety of physiological behaviors and diseases.