bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
À propos du sens des modèles à base d’agent avec interactions complexes en économie
Authors: Phan Denis 
Published: April 2020

L’économie cognitive considère les points de vue individuel (cognitiviste) et collectif (évolutionniste). La Modélisation à Base d’Agents (ABM) simulée par Système Multi-Agents (SMA) permet d’intégrer ces deux approches. Un SMA est un système complexe interactif, dont les propriétés sont génériques. Quel type d’explication attendre d’un ABM ? L’argumentation s’appuie sur une décomposition de l’activité de modélisation, où l’ontologie occupe une place centrale. Le modèle est restreint à son système formel (syntaxique). Ses propriétés proviennent de sa structure (asémantique) : le sens doit être recherché dans l’ontologie associée. Comme un modèle formel peut avoir plusieurs ontologies, à quelles conditions une sémantique particulière a-t-elle un pouvoir explicatif en économie ? Le sens et le pouvoir explicatif des ABM est discuté selon deux approches du « monde dans le modèle » : « isolationniste » et « monde crédible ». La discussion est illustrée par une famille d’ABM de choix discret avec influence sociale qui partage une structure formelle commune avec le modèle physique d’Ising, mais diffère par une formalisation auxiliaire des comportements d’agents. Ceci ramène au rôle des hypothèses cognitives et intensionnelles du programme cognitiviste, en regard de l’explication par les seules structures relationnelles , qui se limite aux relations entre l’action des agents et leurs effets macroscopique, sans se soucier de leurs déterminants. Classification JEL : B41 D01 C00.
Toxicity Induced by a Bispecific T Cell–Redirecting Protein Is Mediated by Both T Cells and Myeloid Cells in Immunocompetent Mice
Authors: Godbersen-Palmer Claire , Coupet Tiffany A. , Grada Zakaria , Zhang Samuel C. , Sentman Charles L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers have demonstrated clinical efficacy; however, their use can be accompanied by severe toxicity. Mechanistic understanding of these toxicities is limited by a lack of suitable immunocompetent preclinical models. In this study, we describe an immunocompetent mouse tumor model that exhibits bispecific T cell engager–induced toxicity and recapitulates key features similar to those in human cytokine release syndrome. In this study, toxicity occurred between the second and fourth injections of an NK Group 2D bispecific T cell engager protein. Symptoms were transient, peaking 3–4 h after treatment and resolving by 8 h. Mice developed weight loss, elevated plasma cytokines, a significant reduction in spleen white pulp, and lymphocyte infiltration in the liver. Systemic cellular immune changes also occurred; notably, an increase in CD8+ T cell activation, an increase in myeloid cells in the blood, and a population of Ly-6Cint monocytes (CD11b+Ly-6G−F4/80−) emerged in the liver and spleens of bispecific protein–treated mice. IFN-γ was primarily produced by CD8+ T cells in the spleen and was required for the observed changes in both T cell and myeloid populations. Rag deficiency, IFN-γ deficiency, or depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells prevented toxicity, whereas perforin deficiency, GM-CSF deficiency, or modulation of the myeloid population through clodronate-mediated depletion showed a partial abrogation of toxicity. Together, these findings reveal that T cell activation by a bispecific T cell engager leads to changes in the host myeloid cell population, both of which contribute to treatment induced toxicity in immunocompetent mice.
IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND SPREADING TO CONCENTRATION OF NO2, O3, AND PM10 POLLUTANT IN DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Fitriani Alfiyah Nur , Dewi Kania , Tursilowati Laras 
Published: April 2020

Urban Heat Island is usually caused by Land use Land-Cover Changes (LULCC), including in Jakarta-Indonesia. Rapid development in Jakarta causes green open space to decrease and increase surface temperature in urban areas. In addition, Urban Heat Island also affects the spread of pollutants due to increased turbulence. Therefore, this study aims to find the link between temperature rise in DKI Jakarta which is influenced by land cover changes to pollutant spread such as NO2, PM10, and O3.
This research begins with data processing observation of average temperature of DKI Jakarta area with meteorology station Tangerang, Banten for spatial calculation from year 2011-2016. In addition, LANDSAT 8 satellite image data is processed for spatial land and temperature encapsulation with Remote Sensing software from 2013-2015. As a result, in 2013 and 2015 there is a reduction in the area of vegetation that turns into non-vegetation (residential and industrial areas) that affect the temperature of the DKI Jakarta region is increasing. After that, sought the linkage between Urban Heat Island and the spread of pollutant concentrations in DKI Jakarta in 2013 and 2015. As a result, the increase of Jakarta area temperature, especially in pollutant observation area at five points, influenced the distribution of pollutant NO2, O3, and PM10 pollutant concentration balance with the dominan area such as roadside, industry, settlement in the time and area study in DKI Jakarta.
Central obesity is an independent risk factor of poor glycaemic control at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital
Authors: Mashele Tsakani Stanford , Mogale Motetelo Alfred , Towobola Olakunle Adewunmi , Moshesh Mmampenani Florence 
Published: April 2020

Background: Results of previous studies on the effect on glycaemic control of anthropometric measures of obesity, some economic status variables and the presence of metabolic syndrome are not consistent and appear to differ among health institutions. The status of glycaemic control and some of its determinants was investigated among adult black patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH).Method: A random sample of 176 adult black South African patients with T2DM attending the diabetic clinic at DGMAH was investigated in the current study. Fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile components levels as well as anthropometric measures of obesity were measured using standard measuring procedures for these variables. The presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the International Diabetic Federation criteria. Information related to patients’ socioeconomic status was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. Associations between these factors and poor glycaemic control were assessed by means of binary and multivariate logistic analysis.Results: Glycaemic control was found to be very poor at DGMAH. As low as 16.6% of the study subjects achieved SEMDSA’s 2012 recommended target HbA1c value of less than 7.0%. Whereas binary logistic analysis revealed that marital status, matriculation, increase waist circumference and duration of diabetes 5 years may lead to poor glycaemic control, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only increased waist circumference was independently associated with poor glycaemic control at DGMAH.Conclusions: Central obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for poor glycaemic control among T2DM patients at DGMAH.
Susceptibility to hepatitis B infection, hepatitis B/HIV co-infections and hepatitis B immunity in HIV-positive patients starting HAART in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Chonco F. M. , Rangiah S. 
Published: April 2020

Background: HIV/HBV co-infection remains a global threat to HIV management despite the available effective hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B covering antiretroviral therapy. Many studies done in South Africa and internationally showed high prevalence of HIV/hepatitis B co-infection, which mandated routine screening for both infections before initiating HAART. Fewer studies have highlighted the prevalence of hepatitis B susceptibility in the general population starting HAART and most of them were limited to children and high-risk groups. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the extent of hepatitis B susceptibility, hepatitis B/HIV co-infections and hepatitis B immunity in general HIV-infected patients.Method: This was a retrospective review of 1 066 randomly sampled files of patients initiated on HAART between January 2012 and December 2014 at two Durban hospitals. Data collection included demographic characteristic, CD4 counts and hepatitis B serology. Data were analysed for the prevalence of hepatitis B susceptibility, HIV/HBV co-infection and hepatitis B immunity, while correlations between age, CD4 count and these three groups were demonstrated. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.3.Results: Total prevalence of HBV susceptibility was 69.7%, HBV immunity was 26.9% and true chronic HIV/HBV co-infection was 3.4%, while HBVsAg positivity accounted for 8.4% of the participants. Adults were more susceptible to HBV than children, with a median age of 36 years. Stratified for age, children were more immune (90%) to HBV than adults.Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significantly high number of HIV-infected persons who were susceptible to hepatitis B infection in Durban, South Africa, where both HIV and HBV are endemic, co-infection is high, and safe and effective HBV vaccine is available. Hepatitis B vaccination of the hepatitis B susceptible patients initiating HAART in South Africa is recommended to prevent further HIV/HBV co-infection.
A review of the management and outcome of patients admitted with cryptococcal meningitis at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Ndayishimiye Egide 
Published: April 2020

Background: South Africa has 7.06 million people who are HIV-positive, with those having a low CD4 count being susceptible to cryptococcal meningitis (CCM), which has an estimated mortality of 30–50%. This study aimed to establish the outcome of patients admitted with CCM to a regional hospital in Durban between June 2015 and May 2016, and the extent to which the National Department of Health (NDoH) protocol was adhered to in managing their condition.Method: This retrospective observational descriptive study reviewed the records of patients ≥ 12 years old admitted with CCM between June 2015 and May 2016, from which their demographic and medical data were extracted.Results: Seventy-six complete records were found of which 49 were men and 27 were women. The average CD4 count was 55.9 cells/mm3, 85.5% were treated with intravenous amphotericin B and high-dose oral fluconazole, 6.7% received only amphotericin B and 5.2% received only fluconazole. There was an in-hospital mortality of 31.6%, and the NDoH protocol was adhered to in 72.4% (55/76) of patients. There was, however, no significant difference in outcome between those who were and were not managed as per the protocol (p = 0.177).Discussion and conclusion: In-hospital mortality for CCM continues to be significant despite high rates of adherence to the NDoH protocol in the majority of patients. For this to be addressed, early diagnosis of HIV and initiation of ART to prevent the profound immunosuppression is essential.
The potential impact of dietary supplement adulteration on patient assessment and treatment from a healthcare provider’s perspective
Authors: Gabriels Gary , Irhuma Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

Dietary supplements have been manufactured and supplied to the market with the objective of enhancing the overall health of the general population and optimising the performance of athletes. The perceived intention of dietary supplementation is to increase the nutritional content of a normal diet, and to fill a dietary need and/or presumed deficiency. The usage and popularity of dietary supplements, however, raises concerns from a health benefit and risk perspective. Moreover, safety and efficacy of these supplements have generally not been established by the Medicines Regulatory Authorities, both nationally and internationally. The exponential increase in supplement sales can, however, be attributed to aggressive marketing by manufacturers, rather than the development of more effective nutritional supplements. These supplements may contain adulterated substances that may potentially have harmful short- and long-term health consequences for the patient. In addition, a large spectrum of drug interactions may render the use of such supplements risky, without proper medical and scientific assessment.
Profile of adult patients admitted with drug-induced liver injury at a district hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Naicker K. , Rangiah S. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be prevented if diagnosed and treated timeously. The identification and primary prevention of DILI risk factors presents the rational means of reducing hospital costs and mortality.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of clinical in-patient records of all adult patients admitted to Northdale Hospital (NDH) with a diagnosis of DILI. Patients with pre-existing liver disease were excluded.Results: A total of 95 patient files with DILI were reviewed. The burden of DILI at NDH over the two-year period was 0.19%. The average age was 38 years, with a slightly higher female preponderance (62.1%). A lower serum albumin level (mean 21.35 g/dl) was significantly associated with DILI (p 0.001). Forty-six patients had a history of alcohol consumption, which increased the risk of DILI (OR 2.1). Of the patients reviewed, 62 (65%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) whereas 41 (43%) were on tuberculosis treatment (TBT) at presentation. The most common co-morbidities associated with DILI were HIV (75.7%), TB (43.2%), renal disease (34.7%) and malnutrition (31.6%). The most common hepatotoxins, apart from ART and TBT, were paracetamol (46.3%), cotrimoxazole (32.6%), alcohol (48.4%) and traditional medication (27.4%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated associations with the development of DILI and being female gender, younger age group, hypoalbuminaemia and renal failure. The use of alcohol, traditional medication and the overzealous use and prescription of paracetamol to patients who present with DILI is concerning. The case fatality rate of 14.7% demonstrates the importance of identifying these potential risk factors timeously.
El pensamiento científico de fray Andrés de San Miguel. Un acercamiento a los tratados de geometría y astronomía escritos por un carmelita descalzo en el siglo XVII
Authors: Tlacxani Segura Gonzalo 
Published: April 2020

El presente texto analiza la faceta científica que desarrolló fray Andrés de San Miguel, religioso carmelita que vivió en la Nueva España durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII, a partir de una serie de tratados que dejó sobre geometría y astronomía, los cuales le permitieron cuestionar los planteamientos del militar extremeño Juan Alfonso Molina. Periodo en el que el conocimiento científico y tecnológico novohispano se caracterizó por su marcado sello aristotélico–escolástico, corriente filosófica que mantuvo una estrecha relación con el estudio de las matemáticas y de los astros que se realizaba principalmente desde los conventos urbanos.
The present text analyzes the scientific facet developed by Andrés de San Miguel, a carmelite religious who lived in New Spain during the first half of the 17th century, based on a series of treatises on geometry and astronomy, which allowed him to question the approaches of the extremaduran military Juan Alfonso Molina. Period where the scientific and technological knowledge of New Spain was characterized by its marked aristotelian-scholastic seal, philosophical current that maintained a close relationship with the study of mathematics and the stars that was carried out mainly from the urban convents.
Los vínculos entre la sociedad novohispana y el arte. Coleccionismo en la década de 1620
Authors: Prieto Ustio Ester 
Published: April 2020

La numerosísima documentación conservada en el Archivo General de Indias, permite ahondar profundamente en los vínculos entre Europa y América desde diversas perspectivas y ámbitos de estudio a lo largo de casi seis centurias. Nuestro interés radica en el análisis de las obras artísticas contenidas en una serie de registros e inventarios de personajes vinculados a la Real Audiencia de México en 1622, pudiendo obtener de este modo, una evidencia más de la existencia del coleccionismo de pinturas y esculturas en el entorno virreinal mexicano. A partir de esta información, podremos comprobar la tipología de las piezas artísticas más solicitadas por la sociedad novohispana, así como la procedencia de las mismas, poniendo de manifiesto de esta manera los sistemas comerciales como la Carrera de Indias, y subrayando la relevancia de los intercambios culturales entre los continentes europeo y americano en las primeras décadas del siglo XVII.
The numerous documentation preserved in the General Archive of the Indies allows delving the links between Europe and America from different perspectives and fields of study over almost six centuries. Our interest lies in the analysis of the artistic works contained in a series of inventories of people linked to the Royal Audience of Mexico in 1622, thus being able to obtain further evidence of the existence of the collecting of paintings and sculptures in the Mexican viceregal environment. From this information, we will be able to verify the typology of the artistic pieces most requested by the society of New Spain, as well as the origin of them, thus highlighting commercial systems such as the Carrera de Indias, and underlining the relevance of the Cultural exchanges between Europe and America in the first decades of the 17th century.
Serum microRNAs as potential new biomarkers for cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Jin Lei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Qian , Ding Guoqian , Yang Zhenghan , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: April 2020

Background
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied for their role in the early detection of several diseases. However, there is no current information on the systematic screening of serum-derived cisplatin resistance biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Cisplatin-resistant GC cell lines were screened for dysregulated miRNAs using small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and miRNAs were functionally annotated using bioinformatics analyses. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the miRNA-relative transcription levels in GC cells and in 74 GC patients. We analyzed the associations between the clinical characteristics of the patients and their miRNA expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value for serum-derived cisplatin resistance.

Results
Seven miRNAs were identified from 35 differentially expressed miRNAs between the MGC803/DDP and MGC803 cells in a public database. We found four miRNA candidates (miR-9-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-433-3p) that were significantly associated with chemotherapy responses in GC cells and patients. miR-9-5p (AUC = 0.856, 95% CI [0.773–0.939], p < 0.0001) and a combined group (miR-9-5p + miR-9-3p + miR-433-3p) (AUC = 0.915, 95% CI [0.856–0.975], P < 0.0001) distinguished chemoresistant GC patients from chemosensitive GC patients.

Conclusions
Our study reveals the potential therapeutic use of two serum-based biomarkers, miR-9-5p and a combined group (miR-9-5p + miR-9-3p + miR-433-3p), as indicators for the successful use of cisplatin in GC patients.
Clinical applicability of the Feline Grimace Scale: real-time versus image scoring and the influence of sedation and surgery
Authors: Evangelista Marina C. , Benito Javier , Monteiro Beatriz P. , Watanabe Ryota , Doodnaught Graeme M. , Pang Daniel S.J. , Steagall Paulo V. 
Published: April 2020

Background
The Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) is a facial expression-based scoring system for acute pain assessment in cats with reported validity using image assessment. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical applicability of the FGS in real-time when compared with image assessment, and to evaluate the influence of sedation and surgery on FGS scores in cats.

Methods
Sixty-five female cats (age: 1.37 ± 0.9 years and body weight: 2.85 ± 0.76 kg) were included in a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Cats were sedated with intramuscular acepromazine and buprenorphine. Following induction with propofol, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and cats underwent ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Pain was evaluated at baseline, 15 min after sedation, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after extubation using the FGS in real-time (FGS-RT). Cats were video-recorded simultaneously at baseline, 15 min after sedation, and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after extubation for subsequent image assessment (FGS-IMG), which was performed six months later by the same observer. The agreement between FGS-RT and FGS-IMG scores was calculated using the Bland & Altman method for repeated measures. The effects of sedation (baseline versus 15 min) and OVH (baseline versus 24 h) were assessed using linear mixed models. Responsiveness to the administration of rescue analgesia (FGS scores before versus one hour after) was assessed using paired t-tests.

Results
Minimal bias (−0.057) and narrow limits of agreement (−0.351 to 0.237) were observed between the FGS-IMG and FGS-RT. Scores at baseline (FGS-RT: 0.16 ± 0.13 and FGS-IMG: 0.14 ± 0.13) were not different after sedation (FGS-RT: 0.2 ± 0.15, p = 0.39 and FGS-IMG: 0.16 ± 0.15, p = 0.99) nor at 24 h after extubation (FGS-RT: 0.16 ± 0.12, p = 0.99 and FGS-IMG: 0.12 ± 0.12, p = 0.96). Thirteen cats required rescue analgesia; their FGS scores were lower one hour after analgesic administration (FGS-RT: 0.21 ± 0.18 and FGS-IMG: 0.18 ± 0.17) than before (FGS-RT: 0.47 ± 0.24, p = 0.0005 and FGS-IMG: 0.45 ± 0.19, p = 0.015).

Conclusions
Real-time assessment slightly overestimates image scoring; however, with minimal clinical impact. Sedation with acepromazine-buprenorphine and ovariohysterectomy using a balanced anesthetic protocol did not influence the FGS scores. Responsiveness to analgesic administration was observed with both the FGS-RT and FGS-IMG.