bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the self-reported sense of deviation in adults with successful surgical outcomes for strabismus
Authors: Ji Na , Xu Meiping , Yu Huanyun , Xu Jinling , Yu Xinping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose

To determine whether a sense of deviation remains in adults with successful motor alignment who fulfil diplopia criteria after surgery and to examine the factors associated with this judgement.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Adult patients defined as having a successful outcome based on more than one year of post-operative follow-up visits were included in the study. The sense of deviation was determined at the last visit. Pre- and post-operative deviation and characteristics including age, gender, education level, occupation, diagnosis, size of deviation, extraocular movement (EOM), binocular function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were recorded.

Results

In total, 22 (24%) of the 91 adults with successful surgical outcomes reported a sense of deviation. No significant differences were noted between subjects with and without a sense of deviation regarding patient demographics, pre- and post-operative deviation, changes in deviation, sensory fusion or EOM. Subjects with a sense of deviation had an increased prevalence of and larger post-operative vertical deviation, poorer stereo function, and lower HRQOL scores than those with no sense of deviation. The presence of post-operative vertical deviation was associated with a sense of deviation.

Conclusions

Approximately one-fourth (24%) of adults defined as having successful surgical outcomes who still had a sense of deviation exhibited worse stereo function, higher vertical deviation size and lower HRQOL scores. The presence of 2 to 5 prism dioptres(pd) of vertical deviation was the main factor associated with a sense of deviation post-operatively.
Tumour Mutational Burden is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Diffuse Glioma.
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Lan Yang , Shi Yu , Luo Ying , Tan Yuhuan , Liang Mei , Deng Song , Zhang Xia , Wang Wenying , Tan Yaoyao , Xu Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy and prognosis. The impact of TMB on clinical outcomes and the correlation coefficient between exome sequencing and targeted sequencing in glioma have not yet been explored.
Methods: Somatic mutations in the coding regions of 897 primary gliomas, clinical and RNA-seq information for 654 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed as training set, while another 286 patients within the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were used to validate. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted with TMB. Enrichment Map and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also performed.
Results: TMB was higher for the mutant group of gene that is frequently mutated in glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower for the mutant group of gene that is frequently mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Patients with a higher TMB exhibited shorter overall survival. TMB was associated with grade, age, subtype and mutations affecting genomic structure. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that TMB was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. The signaling pathways of the cell cycle were enriched in the TMBHigh group. TMB was higher in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes mutant group compared to the wildtype group, but the MMR pathway was enriched in the TMBHigh group of gliomas without mutations in classical MMR genes. The correlation between TMBs calculated through exome sequencing and targeted sequencing was moderate and panel-based TMB was not correlated with prognosis
Conclusions: TMB is associated with poor outcomes in diffuse glioma. High proliferative activity in the TMBHigh group could account for the shorter survival of these patients. This association was not reflected by a pan-cancer targeted sequencing panel.
Dementia assessment and diagnostic practices of healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional qualitative study
Authors: Kamoga Ronald , Rukundo Godfrey Z. , Wakida Edith K. , Nakidde Gladys , Obua Celestino , Buss Stephanie S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: An estimated 50 million people worldwide have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), and this number is projected to increase with the growth of the aging population, with the largest growth occurring in low and middle-income countries. Diagnostic coverage for dementia is estimated to be only 5-10% in low- and middle-income countries. Timely diagnosis of ADRD could prompt early access to information, medical treatments, and support for caregivers. The aim of this study was to assess how healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda assess for and diagnose ADRD.
Methods: We used in-depth interviews to investigate the medical knowledge and clinical practices surrounding ADRD diagnoses among 42 healthcare workers employed at mid-tier health facilities in southwestern Uganda. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify distinct categories and themes.
Results: Our findings show that healthcare workers without specific mental health training assessed and diagnosed dementia based on history and physical examination alone. On the other hand, healthcare workers with some specialized training in mental health were more likely to use neuropsychological tests, blood tests, urine tests, and brain imaging in the diagnosis of dementia. Collateral history from caregivers was noted to be very important in proper assessment and diagnosis of dementia among all categories of healthcare workers. The majority of healthcare workers regarded memory loss as part of the normal aging process and reported that it does not need any specific treatment. Other healthcare workers could recognize signs and symptoms of dementia, but focused on managing other medical problems at the expense of assessing cognitive decline and mental health. Diagnostic practices did not differ based on age, years of experience, or gender of the healthcare workers.
Conclusion: These results indicate that specialized training in mental health among healthcare workers is crucial for the assessment and diagnosis of ADRD in rural southwestern Uganda.
Anti-PD-1 antibody decreases tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells
Authors: Yoshida Kazushige , Okamoto Masanori , Sasaki Jun , Kuroda Chika , Ishida Haruka , Ueda Katsuya , Ideta Hirokazu , Kamanaka Takayuki , Sobajima Atsushi , Takizawa Takashi , Tanaka Manabu , Aoki Kaoru , Uemura Takeshi , Kato Hiroyuki , Haniu Hisao , Saito Naoto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: There are many types of therapies for cancer. In these days, immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, are focused on. Though many types of immune checkpoint inhibitors are there, the difference of effect and its mechanism are unclear. Some reports suggest the response rate of anti-PD-1 antibody is superior to that of anti-PD-L1 antibody and could potentially produce different mechanisms of action. On the other hand, Treg also express PD-1; however, their relationship remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and osteosarcoma mouse model in vivo. In vitro, we analyzed the effect of IFNγ for expression of PD-L1 on the surface of cell lines by flowcytometry. In vivo, murine osteosarcoma cell line LM8 was subcutaneously transplanted into the dorsum of mice. Mouse anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered. we analysed the effect for survival of anti-PD-1 antibody and proportion of T cells in the tumour by flowcytometry. Results: We discovered that IFNγ increased PD-L1 expression on the surface of osteosarcoma cell lines. In assessing the relationship between anti-PD-1 antibody and Treg, we discovered the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody suppresses increases in tumour volume and prolongs overall survival time. In the tumour microenvironment, we found that the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody decreased Treg within the tumour and increased tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: Here we clarify for the first time an additional mechanism of anti-tumour effect—as exerted by anti-PD-1 antibody decreasing Treg— we anticipate that our findings will lead to the development of new methods for cancer treatment.
Comparison of Sequential, Delayed and Simultaneous Resection Strategies for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Wang Li-Jun , Wang Hong-Wei , Jin Ke-Min , Li Juan , Xing Bao-Cai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: The present study aimed to compare the perioperative safety and long-term survival of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases undergoing sequential resection (SeR), delayed resection (DeR) and simultaneous resection (SiR).
Methods: From January 2007 to December 2016, data from patients undergoing surgery at Peking University Cancer Hospital for synchronous colorectal liver metastases were retrospectively collected. The above three different surgical strategies were compared.
Results: A total of 233 cases were included, with 49 in the SeR group, 98 in the DeR group and 86 in the SiR group. The incidence of severe complications was 26.7% in the SiR group, higher than that in the DeR group (11.2%, P = 0.007) and the SeR group (16.3%, P =0.166). The overall survival at 1 and 3 years in the SeR group (93.9% and 50.1%) was lower than that in the DeR group (94.9% and 64.8%, P = 0.019), but not significantly different from that in the SiR group (93.0% and 55.2%, P = 0.378). Recurrence-free survival at 1 and 3 years in the SeR group (22.4% and 18.4%) was lower than that in the DeR group (43.9% and 24.2%, P = 0.033) but not significantly different from that in the SiR group (31.4% and 19.6%, P = 0.275). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that T4, lymph node-positive primary tumour, liver metastases >30 mm and SiR (compared with DeR) were correlated with poor prognosis.
Conclusion: Simultaneous resection has a relatively higher incidence of severe complications, and with a staged resection strategy, the prognosis of delayed resection was better than that of sequential resection.
Value of exercise stress electrocardiography for stratification of exercise capacity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function on coronary slow flow: Case-control study
Authors: Wang Yonghuai , Li Jinyang , Liu Shuang , Mu Lixin , Li Guangyuan , Yu Hang , Yang Jun , Ma Chun-yan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an angiographic entity characterized by delayed coronary opacification in absence of evident obstructive lesion in the epicardial coronary artery. However, whether patients with CSFP exhibit differing responses to exercise is still not known. This study aimed to evaluate results of exercise stress electrocardiography (ExECG) and left ventricular (LV) function during exercise, and study the value of ExECG for stratification of exercise capacity and LV function in patients with CSFP.

Methods

Thirty patients with CSFP and 24 controls were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of CSFP was made by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count. ExECG and LV function measured by echocardiography at rest, during exercise and recovery phase were evaluated.

Results

Negative ExECG was found in 24 (80%) patients with CSFP. At rest, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased and mitral average E/e’ increased in patients with CSFP compared with controls; however, there were no differences in these parameters between CSFP patients with negative ExECG and patients with positive ExECG. During exercise, CSFP patients with negative ExECG and controls had significantly increased LV GLS and decreased mitral average E/e’, but CSFP patients with positive ExECG had significantly decreased LV GLS and increased mitral average E/e’.

Conclusions

About 80% patients with CSFP exhibited negative ExECG. CSFP patients with negative ExECG exhibited improved LV function but CSFP patients with positive ExECG exhibited impaired LV function during exercise. ExECG may aid in the stratification of exercise capacity and LV function in patients with CSFP.
Determinants of late antenatal care follow up among pregnant women in Easter zone Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2018. Unmatched case- control study
Authors: Gebremariam Gebrehiwot , Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha , Gebru Hirut Teame , Gebrezgi Znabu Asfaw , Tekola Kidanemaryam Berhe , Baraki Mulu Ftiwi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify determinants of late antennal care at first visit in health facilities of eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2018.
Result : Women with unplanned pregnancy (AOR= 4.03, 95%, CI: 1.56-5.67),Participants whose previous first antenatal care was after 16 weeks (AOR= 3.9, 95% CI: 1.98-7.68), Participants did not accompanied by their partner for antenatal visit (AOR= 1.29,95%, CI: 1.05-4.67), women recognized their current pregnancy at three months or late ( AOR= 4.7,95%,CI: 2.49-9.04) and participants provided adequate time for their previous antenatal care by health professionals ( AOR = 0.461, 95% CI 0.342- 0.875) were found the determinant factors of late antenatal care at first Visit. Hence family planning utilization, times of first visit antenatal, information flow and supporting by partners have a great role in improving antenatal care at first visit. There for responsible bodies should give focuses on utilization of family planning, increasing awareness of pregnancy symptoms and health provisional provide adequate time during visits.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices and Risk Factors among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althobaiti Asma , Jr Hoda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem. It is the third most diagnosed common tumour and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early screening has been shown to decrease the incidence of CRC cancer and decrease mortality. In Saudi Arabia (SA), there is no national policy for CRC screening despite the growing incidence of the disease.This study investigated the knowledge of risk factors for CRC, recommendations for screening, and attitudes and barriers towards screening among medical students.
Methods
Data was collected using a self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and barriers measurements completed by 581 medical students from two Saudi schools. Frequencies and mean scores of knowledge and attitude were determined. The likelihood of students having adequate knowledge of CRC risk factors and screening modalities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Knowledge of the risk factors for CRC and screening modalities, and attitude towards screening were poor in 52.47% and 57.83% of the surveyed medical students; respectively. Higher level of medical education (OR=3.23; 95%CI: 2.01-5.18) and a positive attitude towards CRC screening (OR=2.74; 95%CI: 1.86-4.03) were independent predictors of higher knowledge levels. Lack of awareness about CRC and screening modalities among patients, and shortage of specialized healthcare providers were barriers independently associated with low knowledge levels.
Conclusions
Saudi medical students have limited knowledge of CRC risk factors of and a poor attitude towards CRC screening. These results contribute to our understanding of missed teaching opportunities in Saudi medical schools and suggest intervening at the medical school, clinical practice, and population levels to increase CRC screening practices.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yesuf Dejene Abraham , Abdissa Lensa Tesfaye , Gerbi Emiru Adeba , Tola Edosa Kifle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia.

Results: Out of the 315 respondents, the mean age was 24.7 ± 2.54 years ranging between 15-44 years. The majority of the respondents were Oromo in ethnicity (90.2%) and protestant in religion (83.2%) and almost all (99%) of the study participants were married. Two hundred twenty-six (72%) of pregnant women were attended at least primary school and two hundred forty-six (78.1%) of the respondents were from farmer households. About half of the households (51.7%) had a monthly income of greater than 35 USD. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 138(43.8%) with the predominance of hookworm (33.7%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (7.3%). Being a farmer [AOR, 95% CI 7.3 (1.46, 37.00), P = 0.03], walking barefooted [AOR, 95% CI 6.13 (1.98, 19.00), P = 0.002] and absence of proper handwashing after latrine [AOR, 95% CI 5.36 (1.78, 16.00), P = 0.003] were significantly associated with occurrence of the intestinal parasitic infection.

Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal parasitic infection, pregnant women, Lalo Kile district
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiling of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured groupers in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Amalina Nor Zulkiply , Santha Silvaraj , Zulperi Dzarifah , Amal MNA , Yusof Mohd Termizi , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Ina-Salwany Md Yasin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Numerous prevalence studies of Vibrio spp. infection in fish have been extensively reported worldwide, including Malaysia. Unfortunately, information on the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers ( Epinephelus spp.) is limited. In this study, groupers obtained from nine farms located at different geographical regions in Malaysia were sampled for the presence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and their susceptibility profiles against seven antibiotics.
Results: Out of 270 grouper samples, 195 (72%) were detected with the presence of Vibrio spp. Vibrio communis showed highest prevalence in grouper (28%), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (25%), V. alginolyticus (19%), V. vulnificus (14%), V. rotiferianus (3%), Vibrio sp. (3%), V. campbellii (2%) , V. mytili (2%) , V. furnissii (2%) , V. harveyi (1%) , V. tubiashii (1%) , V. fluvialis (0.3%) and V. diabolicus (0.3%) . Assessment on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Vibrio spp. revealed that majority of the isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and bacitracin, but resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G and vancomycin. The mean MAR index of the Vibrio isolates was 0.51, with 85% of the isolates showed MAR index value of higher than 0.2. Results indicate that the Vibrio spp. were continuously exposed to antibiotics. Furthermore, the plasmid profiles of Vibrio spp. showed that 38.7% of the isolates harbored plasmid with molecular weight of more than 10 kb, while 61.3% were without plasmid. During curing process, Vibrio spp. lost their plasmid, but remained resistant to ampicillin, penicillin G, bacitracin and vancomycin while a few isolates remained resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline.The results suggested that the resistance to antibiotics in isolated Vibrio spp. might be due to chromosomal and plasmid borne.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers and the distribution of multidrug resistance strains that could be of concern to the farmers in Malaysia. In addition, data from this study can be further used in fish disease management plan.
Are presbyopes willing to pay for spectacles? A Cross-sectional study’’
Authors: Alemu Haile Woretaw , Carlson Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Cross-sectional study design were used to assess willingness to pay for spectacles among south Gondar presbyopic population.Results Of the total 322 people participating in the study, only 53.4% (172) were experienced by spectacles users. The median gross monthly income of participants was US$ 75.0 (ranged US$ 7.1 - 321.4) and the mean amount of money willing to pay for a pair of spectacles was US$ 17.9 (ranged US$ 1.1-107.1). Participants who were willing to pay US$ 12.5 for a pair of spectacles from a government optical accounted for 63.0% (95% CI: 57.8-68.3), while those willing to pay the minimum international pair of spectacle price US$ 5.6 were accounted 73.9% (95% CI: 68.9-79.2%) and spectacle from local private optical price US$ 17.8 accounted 46.6% (95% CI: 40.4-52.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated factors such as age (P=0.049), occupation (0.001), monthly income (0.001) and history of the previous spectacle wear (0.005) to be significantly associated with willingness to pay for a pair of spectacles. Public willingness to pay for a pair of spectacle has to be supported with the accessible provision of spectacles to increase spectacle coverage among presbyopic individuals.
Caesarean Delivery and Breastfeeding Relationship: Evidence from 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Erbaydar Nuket Paksoy , Erbaydar Tuğrul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Mode of delivery is associated with the breastfeeding practices. High caesarean and low breastfeeding rates are an important public health problem for developing countries. This study aimed to measure the effect of caesarean delivery on early breastfeeding practices of primiparas.Methods Data of primiparas with a singleton birth (n=777) of 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey was used in this retrospective cohort study. Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of delivery and exclusive breastfeeding during the first three days after delivery were evaluated. Standardized incidence rate and standardized rate ratios of non-early initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding according to mode of delivery were calculated.Results Late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding incidence rates were 42.7% and 41.0% respectively. Standardized incidence rate of late initiation of breastfeeding in the vaginal deliveries was 35.34%, versus 50.49% in the caesareans. The standardized rate ratios for late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding was 1.428 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.212, 1.683) and 1.468 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.236-1.762) respectively. Women who had caesarean delivery had higher risk of late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding three days following delivery after controlling for socio-demographic and delivery related factors.Conclusion This study provided evidence for strategies to prevent unnecessary caesarean deliveries, which negatively affects not only mothers’ health but also babies’ health as well. Promotion of mother friendly policies in health institutions and incorporating these policies with baby friendly strategies are essential.