bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological Quality and Content of Guidelines on Early Childhood Allergy Prevention: A Systematic Assessment and Content Analysis
Authors: Sieferle Katharina , Bitzer Eva M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecommendations on Early Childhood Allergy Prevention (ECAP) are found in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and Food‐Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). This synthesis of guidelines aims to compare the methodological quality and content of recommendations in CPGs and FBDGs for ECAP. We searched MEDLINE, the FAO directory of FBDGs and other guideline databases, including the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), the WHO and the Guideline International Networks database on clinical guidelines (GIN) for CPGs and FBDGs about ECAP and child nutrition. Guidelines had to be published from 2010 onwards, target infants or pregnant/breastfeeding women and contain recommendations on primary preventative interventions to decrease the onset of IgE‐mediated allergies, including atopic eczema or asthma. We retrieved a sample of 36 guidelines (23 CPGs, 13 FBDGs) and assessed their methodological quality with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool (AGREE) II. On a subset of recommendations, we performed an in‐depth analysis by the type of intervention for direction and strength of recommendation and level of evidence. Descriptive analysis was conducted with SPSS 27. CPGs score higher than FBDGs in most AGREE domains (3, 4, 5 and 6). The 36 guidelines contain 287 recommendations on ECAP, with 70 addressing the introduction of complementary foods and common allergens. We found only slight differences between those recommendations in CPGs and FBDGs. FBDGs on ECAP are of lower quality than CPGs. This does not affect their recommendations on the introduction of complementary foods and common allergens but may compromise their trustworthiness.
Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Nutritional Status Among Children, Adolescents and Adults in the Philippines: A Scoping Review
Authors: Smith Taryn J. , Hess Sonja Y. , Angeles‐Agdeppa Imelda , Goyena Eva , Gelli Aulo , Olney Deanna K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSuboptimal diets contribute to the risk of malnutrition and non‐communicable diseases across the life course. Globally, intakes of fruit and vegetables (F&V) fall below recommendations, including in the Philippines. To promote F&V intakes, understanding the extent of inadequate intakes across population groups and key drivers of dietary patterns is needed. This narrative scoping review was conducted to map the diet, F&V intakes and nutritional status in the Philippines. PubMed was searched using keywords specific to diet, F&V intake, and nutritional status, with 50, 24 and 22 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for diet, F&V intake, and nutritional status, respectively. Available evidence indicates that across all population and sociodemographic groups, diets lacked diversity, with high intakes of energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods, such as refined rice and sugar‐based foods and beverages, contributing to inadequate micronutrient intakes. Intakes of F&V were especially low across all population groups. Stunting/short height, wasting and underweight were prevalent among children and adolescents, and micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc, vitamin A) were common among children < 5 years of age. More than one‐quarter of adults were overweight or obese and demonstrated poor cardiometabolic health. A lack of published evidence identified through this search reported on pregnant and lactating women and women of reproductive age. Published evaluations assessing the impact of interventions or programmes to improve diets or F&V intake were limited. Additional research to fill these gaps will help design interventions and target entry points to improve diet diversity and F&V intakes across all population groups.
Parallel Signatures of Diet Adaptation in the Invasive Common Myna Genome
Authors: Atsawawaranunt Kamolphat , Stuart Katarina C. , Whibley Annabel , Ewart Kyle M. , Major Richard E. , Johnson Rebecca N. , Santure Anna W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInvasive species offer uniquely replicated model systems to study rapid adaptation. The common myna (Acridotheres tristis) has been introduced to over a dozen countries and is classified as one of the most invasive birds in the world. Their multiple invasions provide an opportunity to identify repeated adaptation, as invasive populations originated from multiple source populations. We compared whole‐genome resequencing data from 80 individuals from four native and seven invasive populations, representing two independent introduction pathways. Results from two different selection scan methods were combined and identified a strongly selected region on chromosome 8 that spans two copies of AMY2A, part of the alpha‐amylase gene family, a putative ncRNA and an insertion–deletion structural variant (SV) that contains an ERVK transposable element (TE). Outlier SNPs and the SV are polymorphic in native populations, but fixed or close‐to‐fixed in the two invasive pathways, with the fixation of the same alleles in two independent lineages providing evidence for parallel selection on standing variation. Intriguingly, the second copy of AMY2A has a non‐conservative missense mutation at a phylogenetically conserved site. This mutation, alongside variation in the SV, TE and ncRNA, provide possible routes for changes to protein function or expression. AMY2A has been associated with human commensalism in house sparrows, and genes in this family have been linked to adaptation to high‐starch diets in humans and dogs. This study illustrates the value of replicated analyses within and across species to understand rapid adaptation at the molecular level.
Leveraging Transcriptional Signatures of Diverse Stressors for Bumble Bee Conservation
Authors: Quinlan Gabriela M. , Hines Heather M. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOrganisms in nature are subjected to a variety of stressors, often simultaneously. Foremost among stressors of key pollinators are pathogens, poor nutrition and climate change. Landscape transcriptomics can be used to decipher the relative role of stressors, provided there are unique signatures of stress that can be reliably detected in field specimens. In this study, we identify biomarkers of bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) responses to key stressors by first subjecting bees to various short‐term stressors (cold, heat, nutrition and pathogen challenge) in a laboratory setting and assessing their transcriptome responses. Using random forest classification on this whole transcriptome data, we were able to discriminate each stressor. Our best model (tissue‐specific model trained on a subset of important genes) correctly predicted known stressors with 92% accuracy. We then applied this random forest model to wild‐caught bumble bees sampled across a heatwave event at two sites in central Pennsylvania, US, expected to differ in baseline temperature and floral resource availability. Transcriptomes of bees sampled during the heat wave's peak showed signatures of heat stress, while bees collected in the relatively cooler morning periods showed signatures of starvation and cold stress. We failed to pick up on signals of heat stress shortly after the heatwave, suggesting this set of biomarkers is more useful for identifying acute stressors than long‐term monitoring of chronic, landscape‐level stressors. We highlight future directions to fine‐tune landscape transcriptomics towards the development of better stress biomarkers that can be used both for conservation and improving understanding of stressor impacts on bees.
Bank Credit, Portfolio Selection, and Macrodynamics in a Small Open Economy
Authors: Watanabe Toshio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose an open macroeconomic model based on Bernanke and Blinder's credit perspective. We assume a small open economy with imperfect capital movement and substitutes for financial assets under a floating exchange rate system. We represent credit creation mechanisms and investigate the impact of financial factors on the home economy. We find that the difference in relative responses of banks and firms to the profit rate is associated with short‐term economic fluctuations and long‐term economic stability. Finally, we examine the effects of an inflation targeting policy, signifying that the central bank must gain credibility for its monetary policy to achieve stability.
Loneliness and social media
Authors: Hall Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter defining five possible pathways to increase belonging through social media use, this narrative review summarizes the research on social media and loneliness. The association between social media use and loneliness is examined at the trait level and change in loneliness over time. Next, the use of social media during the COVID pandemic and its use to increase belonging at the momentary or daily level are summarized. Following, the use of social media to cope with loneliness or ostracism as well as the social compensation and enhancement hypotheses are examined. The evidence suggests social media use is weakly related to trait loneliness, explains little variance in loneliness relative to other predictors, and fails to explain a change in loneliness over time. There is no evidence it causes loneliness. On any given day, however, social media use may be used to promote belongingness but may not be a good means of coping with loneliness in the long term. This narrative review concludes that future research should firmly situate the study of loneliness and social media in the context of social interactions and relationships by carefully examining when and for whom it is beneficial or harmful.
Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion (ACAF) for Cervical Stenosis Patients With Hyperextension Injury: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Shuangxi , Miao Yingying , Xu Tao , Sun Kaiqiang , Lu Yijuan , Sun Jingchuan , Sun Jiuyi , Shi Jiangang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCentral cord syndrome (CCS) is an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) causing severe motor weakness, and timely decompression via surgical intervention facilitates better recovery. Anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) is a novel decompression technique and achieved satisfactory outcomes in treating cervical degenerated diseases. However, the clinical effects of ACAF on CCS remains unknown. This present study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of ACAF for cervical stenosis patients with CCS due to hyperextension injury.MethodsThis is a retrospective study, and patients who underwent ACAF due to CCS in our institution from July 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent x‐ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after surgery. The duration of follow‐up was at least 12 months. The radiological parameters included associated pathologies, prevertebral hyperintensity (HI), intramedullary signal intensity (ISI), and Torg–Pavlov ratio (TPR). The cervical stability was also evaluated. Neurological function was assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading system and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the clinical outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsFinally, 13 patients (7 male and 6 female) with the minimum of 12‐month follow‐up were finally enrolled in this study, with the mean age of 56.6 ± 12.5 years (range, 39–74 years). There were eight patients suffered CCS due to fall, three due to vehicle accident, and two due to diving injuries. The average delay from injury to surgery was 2.23 days (range, 1–4 days), and the mean duration of follow‐up was 16.1 ± 3.5 months. In terms of prevertebral HI and ISI, C4–C6 were the most affected region. In addition, 76.9% (10 of 13) patients were observed to have cervical stenosis indicated by TPR. Associated pathologies were herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) in five patients, OPLL in three cases, and HNP‐osteophyte complexes (HNP‐OC) in six patients. At the final follow‐up, 13 patients were improved to E. The mean JOA score improved to 15.4 ± 1.0, with the recovery rate of 77.0% ± 12.0%. Two patients experienced postoperative dysphagia, two patients had hoarseness, and one patient suffered postoperative hematoma.ConclusionsACAF can be a good option for treating CCS patients due to hyperextension injury with underlying cervical spondylosis and stenosis.
Decreased Sleep Duration and Increased Use of Medication to Aid Sleep Among Parents of Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross‐Sectional Study of the National Health Interview Survey, 2013–2018
Authors: Youn Christopher G. , Kim Joo Yeon , Chen Jennifer K. , Siegel Dawn H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common childhood inflammatory conditions and has been associated with decreased parental sleep quality, most of the reports on this topic are single‐institutional in nature with relatively small sample sizes. Thus, to assess the association of childhood AD with parental sleep on a national scale, we utilized the 2013–2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses. 6,130,919 (mean age: 7.9 years, standard error [SE]: 0.08) weighted participants had parent‐reported AD (12.9%) and having a child with AD decreased the odds of acquiring 7 hours of sleep (aOR, 0.78; [95% CI 0.72–0.85]) and increased the odds of taking medications to aid sleep (aOR, 1.26; [95% CI 1.12–1.43]). Our findings suggest that having a child with pediatric AD increases the odds of parents not meeting the 7 hours of sleep recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, underscoring the indirect burden of this condition.
Legitimacy in Constitutional Moments
Authors: Ballingrud Gordon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper is about the concept of legitimacy in Ackerman's theory of constitutional moments. Ackerman's theory of the constitutional moment explains how constitutional change takes place outside of, and even in tension with, established channels of constitutional amendment. The main tool of legitimacy which Ackerman uses is popular sovereignty, to which he gives special features. Ackerman's particular conception of popular sovereignty I name hyperconsensus, and then I explore whether that is sufficient to justify deviations from Article V, as Ackerman claims. I conclude, with many others, that the constitutional moment needs more justificatory work. I offer reciprocity as a corrective procedural requirement as found in Rawls's liberal principle of legitimacy. Doing so enhances the normative attractiveness of dualist democracy.
Demand Uncertainty and the Optimal Number of Export Destinations
Authors: Danziger Eliav , Danziger Leif 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study how demand uncertainty affects risk‐neutral firms' number of export destinations when uncertainty is resolved after firms choose their export destinations and output. We show that firms' ability to allocate their output across destinations in response to destination‐specific shock realizations provides even risk‐neutral firms an incentive to export. Without appealing to firm‐country heterogeneity or increasing marginal cost, our framework can explain why firms export to some but not all ex‐ante indistinguishable destinations. We also show how, for a given firm productivity, the optimal number of export destinations depends on the correlation of shocks across the home and foreign countries.
A prospective, multi‐centric study on the prevalence of dengue, zika and chikungunya in asymptomatic blood donors from different geographical regions of Brazil
Authors: Langhi Dante M. , Levi José E. , Sanches Sidneia , Cerqueira Renato S. , Felix Alvina Clara , Ribeiro Glaciano , Bordin José O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesArboviruses outbreaks are increasing in their frequency, geographical area and extension. Brazil is one of the most affected countries in the world, due to its tropical weather and favourable mosquito proliferation conditions. During outbreaks, the safety of the blood supply is a concern, in spite of the low number of transfusion‐transmitted cases with clinical impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of NAT for Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya RNA in actual screening.Materials and MethodsBlood donors from services located in 4 Brazilian regions were invited to participate in the study and provide an extra blood sample during the collection period between February 7, 2020, and April 4, 2020. Plasma from 21 341 donations was tested in mini pools of 6 by a duplex NAT for Dengue and Chikungunya, in addition to a Zika single assay. Confirmed viremic samples were submitted to an alternative NAT and serological assays.ResultsThere were 33 (0.15%) Dengue RNA+ and 5 (0.02%) Chikungunya RNA+ donations. The South region showed the highest prevalence of Dengue‐infected donors (0.29%). These results are in line with the incidence of these arboviruses on the respective geographical regions. Viremic units were discarded and blood services notified.ConclusionScreening blood donors for arboviruses during the outbreak season in Brazil reveals a significant number of viremic individuals. Arbovirus NAT testing is feasible and may be incorporated to the current screening policy.
Predictive Zero-Dimensional Combustion Modeling in Internal Combustion Engines With Residual Fraction and Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Authors: Feyijimi Clement , Depcik Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The combustion process in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines plays a significant role in ascertaining engine performance, efficiency, and emissions. As the automotive industry faces challenges related to energy conservation and environmental impacts, understanding and optimizing SI and CI engine combustion become paramount. This study uses a zero-dimensional (0D) internal combustion engine (ICE) model utilizing the Wiebe function to predict mass fraction burned profiles in port fuel injection (PFI) engines. The model incorporates chemical reactions of air–fuel mixtures under lean and rich combustion conditions, accounting for residual and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Pressure-based equilibrium constants are applied for rich combustion reactions. Further implementation of the combustion reaction model requires an accurate estimate of the combustion duration. As a result, an exploration of analogous efforts in the literature was accomplished, subsequently drawing insights. This resulted in the development of an empirical model that predicts combustion duration for various fuels such as gasoline, natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and methane–hydrogen blends under different conditions. This includes a unique feature of spark timing variation with run-time conditions. Flame speed data, notably a maximum adiabatic flame speed at an equivalence ratio of 1.1, serve as normalization parameters. The model shows a relative fit to experimental data (R2-values: 0.729–0.972) and is explored through parametric studies, thus demonstrating its utility in simulating fuels under various engine runtime operating conditions.
Dynamical Features and Complete Synchronization of Unified Chaotic Systems With Caputo-Hadamard Fractional Derivative
Authors: Yin Chuntao , Zhao Yufei , Chen Yangquan , Shen Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamical characteristics and synchronization of a unified chaotic system described by Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative. The equilibrium solutions of the considered system are first analyzed and confirmed to be unstable. Then, by observing the phase diagram and calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent, we discuss the dynamical behavior of the fractional unified chaotic system in relation to variations in both inherent parameters and fractional order. The result indicates that the dynamic states of the system are influenced by these two parameters. The chaos synchronization of fractional unified chaotic systems is explored using a drive-response synchronization method, wherein two controllers are designed to achieve complete synchronization between the driving and responding systems. Furthermore, this proposed chaos synchronization approach for the fractional unified chaotic system is successfully applied to secure communication. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate how both inherent parameters of the system and fractional order affect synchronization performance.
Heat Release Characteristics of a Volatile, Oxygenated, and Reactive Fuel in a Direct Injection Engine
Authors: LeBlanc Simon , Cong Binghao , Sandhu Navjot , Yu Xiao , Reader Graham , Zheng Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Compression ignition (CI) diesel engines offer power-dense solutions for heavy-duty vehicles. The purpose of combustion management for diesel engines primarily concerns the balance of high efficiency and low emissions. Conventional single-shot diesel combustion involves extended overlap of fuel injection and combustion, promoting diffusion combustion, which is efficient yet prone to form excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides and soot emissions. The application of exhaust gas dilution to reduce NOx below regulation limits leads to an increase in smoke emissions, further magnifying the emission control dilemma. Dimethyl ether (DME) contains suitable reactivity for compression ignition engines while also possessing distinct characteristics to diesel, notably physical properties such as volatility and high oxygen content, that eliminates engine-out soot concerns. In turn, DME enables direct NOx control via oxygen dilution. Nonetheless, the influence of charge dilution toward the combustion heat release behavior of DME persists. This study investigated heat release patterns of high-pressure DME combustion using a single-shot fuel scheduling, with injection timing fixed at top dead center (TDC). Throughout the study, the injection pressure, engine load, and oxygen dilution were adjusted separately to characterize their influence on the subsequent combustion process. Diesel combustion operated at matching conditions was used to provide relevance to the results. Most notably, the period of diffusion burning was extended in DME following a longer period of injection–combustion overlap. To add, the heat release of DME combustion was repeatedly shorter than diesel owing to the lack of end-burning combustion phase inherent to diesel combustion.