bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico studies evidenced the role of structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites in reducing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis
Authors: Puttaswamy Hariprasad , Gowtham Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy , Ojha Monu Dinesh , Yadav Ajay , Choudhir Gourav , Raguraman Vasantharaja , Kongkham Bhani , Selvaraju Koushalya , Shareef Shazia , Gehlot Priyanka , Ahamed Faiz , Chauhan Leena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlants are endowed with a large pool of structurally diverse small molecules known as secondary metabolites. The present study aims to virtually screen these plant secondary metabolites (PSM) for their possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties targeting four proteins/ enzymes which govern viral pathogenesis. Results of molecular docking with 4,704 ligands against four target proteins, and data analysis revealed a unique pattern of structurally similar PSM interacting with the target proteins. Among the top-ranked PSM which recorded lower binding energy (BE), > 50% were triterpenoids which interacted strongly with viral spike protein—receptor binding domain, > 32% molecules which showed better interaction with the active site of human transmembrane serine protease were belongs to flavonoids and their glycosides, > 16% of flavonol glycosides and > 16% anthocyanidins recorded lower BE against active site of viral main protease and > 13% flavonol glycoside strongly interacted with active site of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The primary concern about these PSM is their bioavailability. However, several PSM recorded higher bioavailability score and found fulfilling most of the drug-likeness characters as per Lipinski's rule (Coagulin K, Kamalachalcone C, Ginkgetin, Isoginkgetin, 3,3′-Biplumbagin, Chrysophanein, Aromoline, etc.). Natural occurrence, bio-transformation, bioavailability of selected PSM and their interaction with the target site of selected proteins were discussed in detail. Present study provides a platform for researchers to explore the possible use of selected PSM to prevent/ cure the COVID-19 by subjecting them for thorough in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the capabilities to interfering with the process of viral host cell recognition, entry and replication.
Infrared response in photocatalytic polymeric carbon nitride for water splitting via an upconversion mechanism
Authors: Jin Zhengyuan , Jiang Xiantao , Zhang Qitao , Huang Shaolong , Zhang Luhong , Huang Lili , He Tingchao , Zhang Han , Ohno Teruhisa , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBroad-spectrum light activation in photocatalytic materials is considered vital for effective solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion. Here, we propose an upconversion process in oxygen-doped polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) nanosheets, resulting in high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water splitting under infrared light irradiation. Due to the upconversion, the photoexcited electrons are transferred to the conduction band, and a σ* carbon-oxygen orbital localized on the triazine matrix ring resulting from oxygen doping extends the lifetime of photogenerated electrons, which increases the photocatalytic activity under both infrared and visible light. Our material exhibits high apparent quantum efficiency of 0.014% and 23% at 850 nm and 420 nm, respectively. Under infrared light (λ ≥ 800 nm, 24 mW cm−2), the hydrogen production rate of our material is 22.84 μmol h−1 g−1, which can reach a yield similar to that of pristine C3N4 under visible light.
Revealing differences in the chemical form of zinc in brain tissue using K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy
Authors: Hollings Ashley L , Lam Virginie , Takechi Ryu , Mamo John C L , Reinhardt Juliane , de Jonge Martin D , Kappen Peter , Hackett Mark J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zinc is a prominent trace metal required for normal memory function. Memory loss and cognitive decline during natural ageing and neurodegenerative disease have been associated with altered brain-Zn homeostasis. Yet, the exact chemical pathways through which Zn influences memory function during health, natural ageing, or neurodegenerative disease remain unknown. The gap in the literature may in part be due to the difficulty to simultaneously image, and therefore, study the different chemical forms of Zn within the brain (or biological samples in general). To this extent, we have begun developing and optimising protocols that incorporate X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic analysis of tissue at the Zn K-edge as an analytical tool to study Zn speciation in the brain. XANES is ideally suited for this task as all chemical forms of Zn are detected, the technique requires minimal sample preparation that may otherwise redistribute or alter the chemical form of Zn, and the Zn K-edge has known sensitivity to coordination geometry and ligand type. Herein, we report our initial results where we fit K-edge spectra collected from micro-dissected flash-frozen brain tissue, to a spectral library prepared from standard solutions, to demonstrate differences in the chemical form of Zn that exist between two brain regions, the hippocampus and cerebellum. Lastly, we have used an X-ray microprobe to demonstrate differences in Zn speciation within sub-regions of thin air-dried sections of the murine hippocampus; but, the corresponding results highlight that the chemical form of Zn is easily perturbed by sample preparation such as tissue sectioning or air-drying, which must be a critical consideration for future work.
Enhanced room-temperature NO2 sensing properties of biomorphic hierarchical mixed phase WO3
Authors: Lv He , Liu Zhuo , Chen Junkun , Ikram Muhammad , Bai Xue , Wang Jue , Sun Baihe , Kan Kan , Shi Keying 
Published: November 2020

Synthesis of hierarchical mixed phase WO3 by effectively utilizing the structure of hemp. The morphology and synergistic effect of the mixed phase of WO3 effectively improved the NO2 gas sensitivity performance at RT.
Dithiocarbamate-mediated controlled copolymerization of ethylene with cyclic ketene acetals towards polyethylene-based degradable copolymers
Authors: Zeng Tian-You , Xia Lei , Zhang Ze , Hong Chun-Yan , You Ye-Zi 
Published: November 2020

In this article, degradable polyethylene (PE)-based copolymers containing ester units in the backbone were prepared through the hybrid copolymerization of ethylene and cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) mediated by dithiocarbamate successfully.
Association Between Tinnitus Pitch and Consonant Recognition in Noise
Authors: Tai Yihsin , Husain Fatima T. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeDifficulties in speech-in-noise understanding are often reported in individuals with tinnitus. Building on our previous findings that speech-in-noise performance is correlated with subjective loudness of tinnitus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tinnitus pitch on consonant recognition in noise.MethodPure-tone audiometry and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test were conducted on 66 participants categorized into four groups by their hearing sensitivity and self-report of tinnitus. Consonant recognition scores at various frequency ranges were obtained at the 5 dB SNR condition of the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test. Participants with tinnitus also completed a tinnitus pitch-matching procedure. Correlation analyses were conducted between tinnitus pitch and the frequency of the worst consonant recognition, and the error rates based on word and sentence position were compared.ResultsRegardless of hearing sensitivity, tinnitus pitch did not correlate with the frequency of the worst consonant recognition. Sentence-initial word recognition was affected by hearing loss, whereas sentence-final word recognition was not affected by hearing loss or tinnitus. In contrast to individuals with normal hearing, participants with hearing loss varied in full-sentence recognition, with those reporting tinnitus exhibiting significantly higher error rates.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the effect of tinnitus on consonant recognition in noise may involve higher level functions more than perceptual characteristics of tinnitus. Furthermore, for individuals with speech-in-noise concerns, clinical evaluation should address both hearing sensitivity and the presence of tinnitus. Future speech-in-noise studies should incorporate cognitive tests and, possibly, brain imaging to parse out the contribution of cognitive factors, such as cognitive control, in speech-in-noise in tinnitus.
Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Jackson Emily , Leitão Suze , Claessen Mary , Boyes Mark 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers.

Method
One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory.

Results
The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180
Determination of the Thevenin equivalent in power grids using real records based on short circuit power
Authors: Fonseca A. , Salazar G. , Quilumba F. , Pérez‐Yauli F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, methods for loadability determination based on real‐time measurements have been proposed for long‐term voltage stability scenarios. One of these methods corresponds to the reduction of the complete system into a basic Thevenin equivalent at a load bus. This paper proposes a method to determine the Thevenin equivalent at a load bus in power systems based on short circuit power (SSC) and its application to real records. The proposed Thevenin equivalent evaluation is performed by processing two consecutive sets of voltage magnitude and power measurements, both recorded at the same bus of a power system. This method establishes a Thevenin equivalent based on the determination of system's equivalent voltage (VS) which is obtained from SSC. This condition properly accounts for variable power factor load conditions and constant power factor alike in contrast with existing methodologies which assume constant power factor loads. The performance of this method is evaluated with real records from the Ecuadorian electric power system and contrasted by simulation.
Detection method of eyes opening and closing ratio for driver's fatigue monitoring
Authors: Zhao Qijie , Jiang Junye , Lei Zhigao , Yi Jingang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEyes opening and closing status is one of the most important components to monitor the driver's fatigue.d The current research mainly considers eyes blink frequency and the closing duration to judge the driver's fatigue. To identify driver's fatigue level, eyes opening and closing ratio (EOCR) is a critical factor and therefore, it is desirable to detect EOCR for driver's fatigue monitoring. The proposed method aims to simultaneously segment images and measure the parameters of the EOCR. A BiSeNet‐based iris and pupil segmentation network is first proposed and the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) ConvNet‐based model to detect the EOCR value is provided by considering the main features rounding eyes area and the iris‐pupil size for building test dataset. The comparison experiments are conducted with the proposed method and the other existing work in different datasets, such as CASIA‐Iris‐Thousand, CASIA‐Iris‐Interval, and UBIRIS.v2. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has superior detection effects on both infrared images and colour images than other existing approaches. Furthermore, the experiments of detecting the EOCR and iris and pupil segmentation are carried out with the test dataset and the results show that the proposed method can reliably identify driver's eye opening and closing degree.
Crust structure and thermal evolution of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients
Authors: Potekhin A. Y. , Chabrier G. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The thermal evolution of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients (SXTs) is sensitive to the equation of state, nucleon superfluidity, and the composition and structure of the crust. Carrying out comparisons of the observations of their crust cooling with simulations offers a powerful tool for verifying theoretical models of dense matter.
Aims. We study the effect of physics input on the thermal evolution of neutron stars in SXTs. In particular, we consider different modern models of the sources of deep crustal heating during accretion episodes and the effects brought on by impurities embedded in the crust during its formation.
Methods. We simulated the thermal structure and evolution of episodically accreting neutron stars under different assumptions regarding the crust composition and on the distribution of heat sources and impurities. For the non-accreted crust, we considered the nuclear charge fluctuations that arise at crust formation. For the accreted crust, we compared different theoretical models of composition and internal heating. We also compared the results of numerical simulations to observations of the crust cooling in SXT MXB 1659−29.
Results. The non-accreted part of the inner crust of a neutron star can have a layered structure, with almost pure crystalline layers interchanged with layers composed of mixtures of different nuclei. The latter layers have relatively low thermal conductivities, which has an effect on the thermal evolution of the transients. The impurity distribution in the crust strongly depends on models of the dense matter and the crust formation scenario. The shallow heating that is needed to reach an agreement between the theory and the observations depends on characteristics of the crust and envelope.
A shared fractal aesthetic across development
Authors: Robles Kelly E. , Liaw Nicole A. , Taylor Richard P. , Baldwin Dare A. , Sereno Margaret E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFractal patterns that repeat at varying size scales comprise natural environments and are also present in artistic works deemed to be highly aesthetic. Observers’ aesthetic preferences vary in relation to fractal complexity. Previous work demonstrated that fractal preference consistently peaks at low-to-moderate complexity for patterns that repeat in a statistical manner across scale, whereas preference for exact repetition fractals peaks at a higher complexity due to the presence of order introduced by symmetry and exact recursion of features. However, these highly consistent preference trends have been demonstrated only in adult populations, and the extent to which exposure, development, or individual differences in perceptual strategies may impact preference has not yet been established. Here, we show differences in preference between fractal-type, but no differences between child and adult preferences, and no relationship between systemizing tendencies (demonstrated by the Systemizing Quotient and Ponzo task) and complexity preferences, further supporting the universality of fractal preference. Consistent preferences across development point toward shared general aesthetic experience of these complexities arising from a fluency of fractal processing established relatively early in development. This in part determines how humans experience natural patterns and interact with natural and built environments.
Perceptions of stereotypes applied to women who publicly communicate their STEM work
Authors: McKinnon Merryn , O’Connell Christine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGender biases and stereotypes are prevalent in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, which can create obstacles for the attraction, retention and progression of girls and women to STEM studies and careers. There are many initiatives which are used to attempt to address these biases and stereotypes, including the use of visible role models. This study explores the perceptions of the stereotypes applied to female STEM professionals who publicly speak about their work in both academic and non-academic settings. Using workshops with over 300 participants, predominantly female STEM professionals, from over 25 different cultural backgrounds, the results showed women who publicly communicate their work are likely to be stereotyped as ‘bitchy’, ‘bossy’, and ‘emotional’—often by their own gender. These findings suggest that women may be in a more vulnerable position when communicating publicly about their work, which could have implications for them participating fully in their careers. It may also have implications for programs which use role models to address prevailing STEM stereotypes. Systematic cultural and institutional change is needed in STEM fields to address the underlying bias and negative stereotypes facing women. However, it should be ensured that the intended solutions to facilitate this change are not compounding the problem.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion
Authors: Zang Ruochen , Case James Brett , Yutuc Eylan , Ma Xiucui , Shen Sheng , Gomez Castro Maria Florencia , Liu Zhuoming , Zeng Qiru , Zhao Haiyan , Son Juhee , Rothlauf Paul W. , Kreutzberger Alex J. B. , Hou Gaopeng , Zhang Hu , Bose Sayantan , Wang Xin , Vahey Michael D. , Mani Kartik , Griffiths William J. , Kirchhausen Tom , Fremont Daved H. , Guo Haitao , Diwan Abhinav , Wang Yuqin , Diamond Michael S. , Whelan Sean P. J. , Ding Siyuan 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has swept the world in unprecedented speed. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people and caused tens of thousands of deaths. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved antivirals or vaccines yet available and clinical treatments are limited to supportive therapies that help alleviate the symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify effective antivirals as countermeasures before safe and effective vaccines are developed, tested, and then produced on a large scale. Our approach is to harness the germline-encoded interferon antiviral response to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication thereby limiting its pathogenicity.
A complete rule set for designing symmetry combination materials from protein molecules
Authors: Laniado Joshua , Yeates Todd O. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Building nanoscale materials in a predictable way is a major goal in broad fields of molecular engineering. In pursuing that goal, protein molecules are gaining interest as a source of structurally defined, self-assembling building blocks, but methods and geometric rules for how they might be combined into novel materials have not been fully laid out yet. This work brings together ideas from structural biology, geometry, and group theory to articulate a complete rule set that describes all the kinds of protein-based materials that can be created by combining separate oligomeric components, thereby laying the foundation for an emerging area of science and biotechnology.
Foreign language motivation in primary education students
Authors: Gallardo-del-Puerto Francisco , Blanco-Suárez Zeltia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article explores the effects of the type of instruction (Content and language integrated learning, CLIL, vs.
non-CLIL) and gender upon foreign language motivation in Primary Education learners in northern Spain. A total of 252 students with ages
ranging from 9–12 completed a questionnaire measuring different motivation components. Results showed that CLIL students seem to manifest
greater parental support and be more critical with their image as foreign language learners. Additionally, gender turned
out to be a more influential factor in non-CLIL learning settings, since non-CLIL males obtained worse results than their female
counterparts in overall motivation and intrinsic motivation. This gender effect was not observed in CLIL
classrooms, which potentially makes this learning approach a more egalitarian educational setting for both genders in terms of foreign
language motivation.
A serial flexible humidity sensor based on graphene oxide fibers and quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Dong Hanyong , Le Xianhao , Pang Kai , Pang Jintao , Li Dongsheng , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao , Xie Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A serial flexible humidity sensor based on graphene oxide (GO) fiber and quartz crystal resonator (QCR) was proposed. The serial sensing structure was formed by electrically connecting the QCR with GO fiber embedded in textile in series. This structure became more adjustable by separating the transducing part and sensing part. The feasibility of the serial sensing structure was verified by simulation and experiment. Fabrication of GO fiber was introduced and the electrical properties of GO fiber responding to the relative humidity were measured. The QCR was excited at a frequency of 5.003 MHz. The total frequency shift of the sensor was 91 Hz from 10%RH to 90%RH with a hysteresis of 6.58%. The sensitivity was 2.98 Hz/%RH at 80%RH. The response time was 130 s and the recovery time was 36 s from 20%RH to 80%RH. The sensor has good stability with about 1% variation. This serial sensing structure has the potential to realize a humidity sensor with higher performance.
Relativistic coupled-cluster calculation of hyperfine-structure constants of La

2+
Authors: Li Fang , Ma Hong , Tang Yong-Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using the singles and doubles approximated relativistic coupled-cluster method, we calculate hyperfine-structure constant A and B of 24 low-lying states of La2+. The results of the lowest four states 5d
3/2,5/2 and 4f
5/2,7/2 are compared with recently measured values (Olmschenk et al 2017 Phys. Rev. A
96 032502). Reasonable agreement is found for hyperfine-structure constant A of 5d
3/2 and 4f
5/2,7/2 states, but the hyperfine-structure constant A of 5d
5/2 and the hyperfine-structure constant B have a large deviation. To understand the role of the electron correlation effect, the intermediate results from lower-order many-body perturbation-theory and the linear version of coupled-cluster with single and double approximation are also presented. In the framework of coupled-cluster theory, the contribution trends from individual correlation effects are also investigated.