bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effets comparés du traitement à l’alcool des rattes gestantes et allaitantes sur les performances mnésiques de leurs progénitures
Authors: Doubran Prisca Joëlle Djoman , Yao Koffi Mathias , Ouattara Niemtiah 
Published: October 2020

La consommation d’alcool par les mères gestantes ou allaitantes est un problème de santé publique qui a un impact chez la mère et le nourrisson. Les dommages causés chez le nouveau-né peuvent affecter la mémoire. L’objectif de cette étude est de comparer les effets de la prise d’alcool par des rattes durant les périodes de la gestation et/ou de la lactation sur les performances mnésiques des ratons. De ce fait, treize (13) lots de six (6) rattes nullipares sont accouplés avec des rats mâles à raison de deux femelles pour un mâle. Elles ont ensuite reçu quotidiennement de l’eau distillée (lot 0) ou différentes doses d’alcool (0,1 ; 0,3 ; 0,5 et 0,8 g/L de sang) durant les périodes de gestation (groupes 1-4), de lactation (groupes 5-8) et du début de la gestation jusqu’à la fin de la lactation (groupes 9-12). Les performances mnésiques des ratons issus de chaque lot sont évaluées grâce à un labyrinthe en T. Les résultats ont montré que l’alcool a favorisé une baisse significative des pourcentages d’alternance spontanée des ratons (P < 0,05). Cependant, les doses de 0,5 et 0,8 g/L de sang ont les plus fortes baisses avec 26 et 30% durant la gestation, et 10 et 8% pendant l’allaitement (P < 0,0001). En conclusion, l’alcool a des effets délétères plus prononcés sur la mémoire lorsqu’il est consommé durant la période de la gestation.Mots clés : Performances mnésiques, Labyrinthe en T, Alternance spontanée.

English Title: Comparative effects of alcohol treatment of pregnant and lactating rats on the memory performance of their offspring
Alcohol consumption by pregnant and lactating mothers is a public health problem that has an impact on mothers and newborn. Damage to the newborn can affect memory. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of alcohol consumption by rats during gestation and / or lactation on the memory performance of pups. Therefore, thirteen (13) lots of six (6) nulliparous rats are mated with male rats, two females for one male. They received daily distilled water (lot 0) or different doses of alcohol (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 g / L of blood) during gestation periods (groups 1 -4), lactation (groups 5-8) and from the start of gestation until the end of lactation (groups 9-12). The memory performance of each pup is evaluated using a T-maze. The results showed that the alcohol favored a significant drop in the percentages of spontaneous alternation of the pups (P <0.05). However, the doses of 0.5 and 0.8 g / L of blood have the largest decreases with 26 and 30% during gestation, and 10 and 8% during breastfeeding (P <0.0001). In conclusion, alcohol has more pronounced deleterious effects on memory when it is consumed during the gestation period.Keywords: Memory performance, T-maze, Spontaneous alternation
Drug repurposing: cost effectiveness and impact on emerging and neglected diseases
Authors: Ojezele Matthew Obaineh , Mordi Joseph , Adedapo Emmanuel Adesola 
Published: October 2020

Historically, pressure on nature brought about by ever-increasing human pollution and technological advancement culminate in emergence and re- emergence of infectious and non-infectious diseases; necessitating medications and drug discovery and development. The emergence of resistantmicroorganisms and the emergence of new infections disease conditions necessitate the production of entirely new drugs or modification of the existing ones to increase their efficacy. The development of novel medications is a very long and expensive process. There is a significant decrease observed in the number of new drugs approved for clinical use in recent years showing inconsistency in the face of scientific advances and research and development investment. Regardless of high investment and enormous contributions, very few molecules showed promising results. However, finding novel indications for existing drugs can be a useful method of reducing the developmental cycle of drugs. Repositioning (also called repurposing) has been described as the practice of developing new therapeutic uses for drugs, abandoned or drugs in development process, other than the initially intended or approved uses, except for the circumstances in which the novel use is comparable to the original indication with dissimilar pharmacological targets. This review aimed at looking into some of the available methods in drug repurposing.
Key words: Drug discovery; Drug repurposing; Machine learning; Neglected Tropical diseases; Orphan drugs
Status of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> Infection among Pupils around the Kainji Dam, Niger State: A Paradigm Shift In Infection Rate
Authors: Adewale B , Rahman O , Sulyman M , Uwalaka C , Ajayi M 
Published: October 2020

Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent tropical disease after malaria, and a major public health problem among schoolagedchildren. This study was carried out to assess the current status of Schistosoma haematobium infection among pupils around Kainji Dam. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 communities around Kainji dam. Urine samples were collected and processed using the standard filtration technique. Filter papers were examined with compound microscope and eggs of S. haematobium were identified with their terminal spines. Data were analyzed with SPSS 23. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among the 410 pupils examined was 5.1% and a geometric mean egg count of 5.97 eggs/10ml urine. There was statistically significant association between infection and age with peak infection in age group 12-14 (11.8%, x2 = 14.185, p < 0.005). The males (6.8%) were more infected than the females (2.9%) and there was no significant difference (Χ² =3.1, P>0.05) in infection among sexes. The occupation of Pupils' Parent was found to have a statistically significant association with the risk of being infected (x2 = 38.7, P<0.05), prevalence of infection was shared between the fishermen (47.6%) and farmers (52.4%). Compared to other studied communities, a pupil stands over 400times [OR 412.2 (95% CI: 52.4 – 3245.1)] risk of being infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Yuna community. The lack of infection in 3 of the studied communities could be attributed to the impact of current efforts at controlling Schistosoma haematobium infection around the Kainji dam which is a paradigm shift from what used to be experienced from previous studies. This current experience advocates for intensified efforts at total elimination.
Keywords: Schistosoma haematobium, Prevalence, Pupils, Kainji dam
<i>Anopheles</i> species composition and some climatic factors that influence their survival and population abundance in Anambra East LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbuche C.M , Onyido A.E , Umeanaeto P.U , Nwankwo E.N , Omah I.F , Ukonze C.B , Okeke J.J , Ezihe C.K , Irikannu K.C , Aniekwe M.I , Ogbodo J.C , Enyinnaya J.O 
Published: October 2020

Malaria parasites are transmitted in nature through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the vector distribution varies in time and space. This study aimed to determine the species composition, abundance and climatic factors influencing Anopheles mosquitoes in Anambra East Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria from October 2016 to September 2017. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from indoor and outdoor locations using Pyrethrum Knockdown Collection (PKC) and Human Landing Catch (HLC) Methods respectively. Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected using dipping method. Morphological identification of Anopheles species was carried out using standard identification keys. Climatic data was obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency Office in Anambra State. A total of 8181 female Anopheles mosquitoes which comprised 4127 (50.4%) larvae and 4054 (49.6%) adults were collected (P > 0.05) in the study. Four Anopheles species: An. gambiae s. l (70.1%), An. funestus group (18.2%), An. moucheti (6.3%) and An. nili (5.4%) were identified (P < 0.05). In the study area, 2608 (31.9%), 3025 (37.0%) and 2548 (31.1%) Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from Aguleri, Igbariam and Nsugbe respectively; with 100% species overlap. In each selected selected town, the Simpson’s index of diversity was ~2 and Shannon-wiener diversity was ~1. Only An. gambiaes l showed varied seasonal abundance with wet season contributing 67.9% and dry season 32.1% of the overall An. gambiaes. l collection (P < 0.05). The correlation between rainfall and An. gambiae s. l. abundance was significantly strong (r = 0.66; P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between Anopheles species abundance and temperature as well as relative humidity. The study revealed the preponderance of four Anopheles species: An. gambiae s. l., An. funestus, An. moucheti and An. nili; and rainfall is the only climatic factor that causes temporal change in the abundance of one of the species, An. gambiaes. l. in the study area.
Keywords: Anopheles mosquitoes, abundance, temperature, rainfall, relative humidity
Prevalence of <i>Rhabdias africanus</i> and other Endoparasites of <i>Sclerophrys regularis</i> (Anura: Bufonidae) From Ogoni Land, Nigeria
Authors: Amuzie C.C , Marcus T.M , Espínola-Novelo J.F 
Published: October 2020

Sclerophrys regularis specimens from Ogoni, Nigeria, were investigated for the prevalence of the lung nematodes, Rhabdiasafricanus. Hosts were collected from two locations, Zor Sogho, Bori and Kaani 1, Khana. High prevalence of R. africanusinfection was observed, 69% in Bori and 100% in Khana. Other helminth parasites recovered from the hosts includedacanthocephalan cystacanths, pentastomids (Raillietiella sp.), trematodes (Diplodiscus fischthalicus and Mesocoeliummonodi) and nematodes (ascaridida larvae, Amplicaecum africanum, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia hoepplii). Coinfectionof C. ornata and R. africanus was very common in both locations, and multiple infection was more prevalent thansingle infection. This is the second report of Diplodiscus fischthalicus from a bufonid in Nigeria, with both occurring in thehumid Niger Delta region, however in low prevalence and intensity. The other parasites have been reported by previousauthors. Research into the environmental factors that enhance transmission of Rhabdias africanus should be investigated.
Keywords: Lung nematode parasite, bufonids, co-infection, multiple infections, amphibians, Ogoni
Effectiveness of a combined silver nanoparticles/fluoride varnish in dental remineralization in children: in vivo study
Authors: Butrón-Téllez Girón Claudia , Mariel-Cárdenas J. , Pierdant-Pérez M. , Hernández-Sierra J.F. , Morales-Sánchez J.E. , Ruiz F. 
Published: October 2020

Dental caries is an infectious disease that can occur in children, sometimes as soon as the teeth eruption starts. Nanotechnology provides effective strategies in prevention and treatment of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the addition of silver nanoparticles to a fluoride varnish for the remineralization of primary teeth with white spot lesions. A trial was carried out in children with dental demineralization (white spot lesions) on both maxillary dental teeth. One of the teeth received three applications of a fluoride varnish with silver nanoparticles, and the other one, three applications of the same varnish without the silver nanoparticles. We measured the mineral content of the teeth with a laser cavity detection device (DIAGNOdent®) before the first application of the varnishes, and 3 months after the last application. The results show significant differences between teeth treated with silver nanoparticles. Teeth have been treated with fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles seemed to enhance dental structure than teeth treated with conventional varnish, and this effect was also found between basal and final measurements in this group. The fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles seems to be more effective in the dental remineralization. This strategy may be used as a prophylactic measure to avoid development of caries.
Physico-chemical and mechanical thermo-rheological characterization of three varieties of triticale starches
Authors: Correa-Pacheco Zormy Nacary , González-Fuentes P.A. , Tramón-Pregnan C.L. , Solorzano-Ojeda S.C. , Zúñiga-Quintana A. , Sabino Gutiérrez M.A. , Jiménez-Pérez J.L. 
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, starch is an excellent biodegradable option instead of synthetic polymers, to avoid contamination. In this work, triticale starch from three varieties (Faraón, Peteroa and Aguacero) was isolated and the physico-chemical and thermo-rheological properties were evaluated. Also, mechanical properties of thermoplastic films using this starch were assessed. From the physico-chemical analysis it was found that the moisture, protein and lipids contents were slightly different among starches. Amylose value was similar. Thermo-rheological behavior measured by Mixolab® revealed that initial water uptake was higher for Faraón variety due to the grain morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Values for gelatinization temperature obtained were 82.2 °C for Faraón starch, followed by Peteroa (72.0 °C) and finally Aguacero (65.6 °C). From the mechanical properties, Faraón thermoplastic starch (TPS) films showed the highest value of Young’s modulus (1.90 ± 1.09 MPa) for the composition 50/25/25 (starch/glycerol/water). The highest elongation at break (64.77 ± 14.14 %) was obtained for Peteroa composition 50/35/15 (starch/glycerol/water). Then, triticale mainly used to feed animals more than for human consumption, could be good alternative for preparing biodegradable films with potential applications in agriculture and food packaging.
Impact of the eruption of Mt Pinatubo on the chemical composition of the stratosphere
Authors: Kilian Markus , Brinkop Sabine , Jöckel Patrick 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This article describes the volcanic effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 on the ozone (O3) and methane (CH4) distribution in the stratosphere, as simulated with the chemistry–climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry: ECHAM5, version 5.3.02; MESSy, version 2.51). In this study, the effects of volcanic heating and heterogeneous chemistry on the chemical composition, caused by the volcanic aerosol, are separated. Global model simulations over the relevant period of the eruption from 1989 to 1997 with EMAC in T42L90MA resolution with specified dynamics and interactive chemistry were performed. The first simulation (VOL) contains the volcanic perturbation as an additional aerosol load and thus simulates the interaction of the aerosol with the chemistry and the radiation. The second simulation (NOVOL) neglects the eruption and represents the undisturbed atmosphere. In the third simulation (CVOL) the volcanic aerosol only interacts with the heterogeneous chemistry, such that volcanic heating is omitted. The differences between the simulation results VOL−NOVOL describe the total effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption on the chemical composition, VOL−CVOL the stratospheric heating effect, and CVOL−NOVOL the chemical effect of the aerosol on the heterogeneous chemistry. The post-volcanic stratosphere shows a decrease in the O3 column in the tropics and an increase in the midlatitudes and polar regions, lasting roughly 1 year. This change in the ozone column is solely a result of the heating effect. The subsequent decrease in the ozone column is related to the chemical effect. The contribution of the catalytic loss cycles (NOx, HOx, ClOx, and BrOx) on the depletion of O3 is analysed in detail. In the tropics, CH4 increases in the upper stratosphere because of stronger vertical transport.
Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Mears Chantal , Thomas Helmuth , Henderson Paul B. , Charette Matthew A. , MacIntyre Hugh , Dehairs Frank , Monnin Christophe , Mucci Alfonso 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. As a shelf-dominated basin, the Arctic Ocean and its biogeochemistry are
heavily influenced by continental and riverine sources. Radium isotopes
(226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, and 223Ra), are transferred from the
sediments to seawater, making them ideal tracers of sediment–water exchange
processes and ocean mixing. As the two long-lived isotopes of the radium
quartet, 226Ra and 228Ra (226Ra with a t1∕2 of 1600 years and 228Ra with a t1∕2 of 5.8 years) can provide insight into the water mass
compositions, distribution patterns, as well as mixing processes and their
associated timescales throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The
wide range of 226Ra and 228Ra activities, as well as of the
228Ra∕226Ra, measured in water samples collected during the
2015 GEOTRACES cruise, complemented by additional chemical tracers –
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), barium (Ba), and
the stable oxygen isotope composition of water (δ18O) –
highlight the dominant biogeochemical, hydrographic, and bathymetric features
of the CAA. Bathymetric features, such as the continental shelf and shallow
coastal sills, are critical in modulating circulation patterns within the
CAA, including the bulk flow of Pacific waters and the inhibited eastward
flow of denser Atlantic waters through the CAA. Using a principal component
analysis, we unravel the dominant mechanisms and apparent water mass
end-members that shape the tracer distributions. We identify two distinct
water masses located above and below the upper halocline layer throughout
the CAA and distinctly differentiate surface waters in the eastern
and western CAA. Furthermore, we highlight water exchange across
80∘ W, inferring a draw of Atlantic water (originating from Baffin
Bay) into the CAA. This underscores the presence of an Atlantic water “U-turn”
located at Barrow Strait, where the same water mass is seen along the
northernmost edge at 80∘ W as well as along the southeasternmost
confines of Lancaster Sound. Overall, this study provides a stepping stone
for future research initiatives within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago,
revealing how quantifying disparities in the distributions of radioactive
tracers can provide valuable information on water mass distributions, flow
patterns, and mixing within vulnerable areas such as the CAA.
Samen wonen om te integreren
Authors: Huisman Carla , Czischke Darinka 
Published: October 2020

Living together in order to facilitate integration - How mixed housing projects stimulate interaction between refugees and Dutch residents
The integration of refugees in the Netherlands has been suboptimal for years. After receiving a residence permit, refugees are distributed across the country and dispersed over neighborhoods. However, since the 2015 refugee crisis, the municipality of Amsterdam has adopted a different approach. Here, refugees that have been granted residence live together with Dutch young adults in projects where they share facilities and play a role in managing the project. To what extent can such mixed housing projects help the integration of refugees? The Startblok Riekerhaven, which was the first project, was studied for a year with qualitative research. The findings show that mixed housing projects can stimulate the formation of social connections. In this way they can contribute to the integration of refugees in the Netherlands. Given the suboptimal results of the current dispersal policy, this is relevant for science and policy.
The ECB’s Independence and the Principle of Separation
Authors: Nika Pamela 
Published: October 2020

The ECB’s Independence and the Principle of Separation
This article addresses the question of whether the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) involvement in banking supervision is compatible with its independent status as provided by the European Union’s (EU’s) primary law, specifically with reference to the principle of separation between the ECB’s monetary policy and supervisory powers. It is found that the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) Regulation provides the ECB with a set of prerequisites in pursuit of its supervisory objectives under a high level of independence. However, the article argues that the current EU regulatory framework poses risks to the overall independence of the ECB. In particular, the principle of separation, as one of the mechanisms aimed at safeguarding the ECB’s independence, is not fully achieved. In addition, the boundaries and application of macro-prudential operation of the ECB in both the SSM and European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) remain blurry and uncertain. The article concludes by suggesting that the only way to safeguard the independence of the ECB is by carefully revising the ECB’s competencies, which may require treaty amendment.
L’indépendantisme catalan en mode multilingue
Authors: Pomerleau Marc 
Published: October 2020

Le catalanisme politique est historiquement ancré dans la langue catalane. Majoritaire pendant des siècles en Catalogne, cette langue est devenue minoritaire au cours du XXe siècle, principalement en raison de la répression linguistique et des vagues successives d’immigration espagnole, puis internationale. Dans ce contexte, il serait impensable de mener à terme un projet d’indépendance essentiellement ancré dans la langue nationale. Le mouvement indépendantiste catalan s’est adapté à la nouvelle réalité multilingue en réorientant son approche linguistique : la langue catalane demeure l’un des piliers du projet national, mais ce dernier s’articule aussi en espagnol et dans bien d’autres langues. La société civile catalane, au coeur de la montée de l’indépendantisme, s’est mobilisée et la mise en oeuvre de grands projets de traduction constitue certes l’une des facettes les moins connues de cette mobilisation. Le projet national est traduit dans les langues de l’immigration afin de convaincre les Néo-Catalans du bien-fondé de l’indépendance nationale, ce qui semble donner des résultats positifs. Le contraste entre le multilinguisme de l’indépendantisme catalan et le quasi-unilinguisme de l’indépendantisme québécois est frappant.
Le Parti québécois et la social-démocratie
Authors: Milner Henry 
Published: October 2020

Dès sa fondation, malgré une certaine diversité originelle, le programme du Parti québécois s’est affiché comme social-démocrate. Au pouvoir de 1976 à 1986, le parti a respecté ses engagements progressistes, mais le caractère social-démocrate du parti a été contesté davantage quand, après la défaite du « Oui » en 1980, il a été reporté au pouvoir l’année suivante alors que le contexte idéologique n’était plus le même. Sur le plan international, la social-démocratie connaissait une crise d’identité. Ébranlé par la récession de 1982 et les attaques de la droite contre le keynésianisme et l’étatisme en général, le projet social-démocrate battait de l’aile, au Québec comme ailleurs au Canada et dans le reste du monde. C’est dans ce contexte que le gouvernement péquiste a fait face à une crise économique qui a mis en péril la relation du parti avec les syndicats, cet élément central du projet social-démocrate, y inclus sa dimension internationale. Même dans le contexte difficile des années 1980, je maintiens que le parti, lorsqu’il était au pouvoir, a continué d’être inspiré par les programmes des partis et des gouvernements sociaux-démocrates. Ce texte met l’accent sur des expériences au niveau international, dont celles où j’étais directement impliqué, ainsi que les relations du gouvernement avec les syndicats.