bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious post-traumatic growth among social workers who have worked with abused children
Authors: Weiss-Dagan Shlomit , Ben-Porat Anant , Itzhaky Haya 
Published: December 2020

Summary Working with abused children can have positive and negative implications for social workers. Some of these implications have been conceptualized as secondary traumatic stress and vicarious post-traumatic growth. The current study examined the question of whether these two phenomena share similar contributing factors. Based on the social-ecological theory and previous studies on secondary traumatic stress, we examined the contribution of personal factors and level of exposure to trauma (i.e. years of work experience, professional exposure to child abuse, mastery) and environmental factors (i.e. social support, supervision, and role stress) to the explained variance of secondary traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth, with the goal of understanding these two potential outcomes. This cross-sectional study comprised 255 social workers who worked with abused children. Findings The results showed that despite the correlation between the two outcomes—post-traumatic growth and secondary traumatic stress—they shared only one common predictive factor: the extent of social workers’ exposure to abused children. Role stress was correlated positively, and mastery was correlated negatively, with secondary traumatic stress only. Years of work experience was correlated positively with post-traumatic growth only. Applications The current study shows the importance of continuing efforts to identify the factors that contribute to post-traumatic growth. At the same time, efforts should be made to foster certain personal and environmental factors to reduce secondary traumatic stress levels.
Speaking Stata: Loops, again and again
Authors: Cox Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2020

Two commands in official Stata, foreach and forvalues, provide structures for looping through lists of values (variable names, numbers, arbitrary text) and repeating commands using members of those lists in turn. These commands may be used interactively, and none is restricted to use in Stata programs. They are explained and compared in some detail with a variety of examples. In addition, a self-contained exposition is given on local macros, understanding of which is needed for use of foreach and forvalues. This column is a revision of the column “How to face lists with fortitude”, which appeared in Stata Journal 2: 202–222 (2002). (The bizarre bibliographical details are too, too extraordinary not to be flagged but were pure happenstance.) The presentation here has been trimmed of now historic content and corrected, improved, and updated in several minor details.
Development of a Comprehensive Outcome Measure for Motor Coordination; Step 1: Three-Phase Content Validity Process
Authors: Alouche Sandra R. , Molad Roni , Demers Marika , Levin Mindy F. 
Published: December 2020

Background Motor coordination, the ability to produce context-dependent organized movements in spatial and temporal domains, is impaired after neurological injuries. Outcome measures assessing coordination mostly quantify endpoint performance variables (ie, temporal qualities of whole arm movement) but not movement quality (ie, trunk and arm joint displacements). Objective To develop an outcome measure to assess coordination of multiple body segments at both endpoint trajectory and movement quality levels, based on observational kinematics, in adults with neurological injuries. Methods A 3-phase study was used to develop the Comprehensive Coordination Scale (CCS): instrument development, Delphi process, and focus group meeting. The CCS was constructed from common tests used in clinical practice and research. Rating scales for different behavioral elements were developed to guide analysis. For content validation, 8 experts (ie, neurological clinicians/researchers) answered questionnaires about relevance, comprehension, and feasibility of each test and rating scale. A focus group conducted with 6 of 8 experts obtained consensus on rating scale and instruction wording, and identified gaps. Three additional experts reviewed the revised CCS content to obtain a final version. Results Experts identified a gap regarding assessment of hand/finger coordination. The CCS final version is composed of 6 complementary tests of coordination: finger-to-nose, arm-trunk, finger, lower extremity, and 2- and 4-limb interlimb coordination. Constructs include spatial and temporal variables totaling 69 points. Higher scores indicate better performance. Conclusions The CCS may be an important, understandable and feasible outcome measure to assess spatial and temporal coordination. CCS measurement properties are presented in the companion article.
Comparison of Screw Quantity and Placement of Metacarpal Fracture Fixation: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Canton Stephen P. , Dadi Srujan , Anthony Austin , Black Ryan T. , Clancy Michael , Fowler John R. 
Published: December 2020

Background It is recommended to have 6 bicortical screws for plate fixation of long bone fractures; however, many metacarpal fractures do not allow 6 screws due to size limitations and proximity of crucial anatomical structures. The purpose of this biomechanical study was to determine whether the mechanical properties of a 4-screw nonlocking construct are noninferior to those of a 6-screw nonlocking construct. Methods Metacarpal sawbones were used to simulate a midshaft, transverse fracture. Nonlocking bicortical screws were placed in the 6-hole plate, and the metacarpals were randomly assigned to 2 equal study groups: (1) 4 screws, 2 on either side of the fracture (4S); and (2) 6 screws, 3 on either side of the fracture (6S). The metacarpals were tested in a cyclic loading mode and load to failure in a cantilever bending mode. Results Maximum deflection was significantly higher for 4S compared with 6S. Cyclic root mean square (RMS) was also significantly greater for 4S at 70 and 100 N. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the 2 constructs for maximum bending load, bending stiffness, and cyclic RMS at 40 N. The maximum bending load in 4S and 6S was 245.6 ± 37.9 N and 230.8 ± 41.9 N, respectively; 4S was noninferior and not superior to 6S. Noninferiority testing was inconclusive for bending stiffness. Conclusions A 4-screw bicortical nonlocking construct is noninferior to a 6-screw bicortical nonlocking construct for fixation of metacarpal fractures, which may be advantageous to minimize disruption of soft tissues while maintaining sufficient construct stability.
Current practices and factors affecting evidence-based occupational therapy practice for patients with dementia in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Ai , Takashima Risa , Yoshida Kazuki , Sawamura Daisuke , Murata Waka , Sakai Shinya 
Published: December 2020

Objective/background The rapidly increasing incidence of patients with dementia in Japan is creating an urgent demand for evidence-based occupational therapy (EBOT), which has been reported to improve clinical efficacy. This study aimed to examine the current practice of EBOT for patients with dementia in Japan and clarify factors influencing its application. Methods We conducted an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey by mail. The participants were 432 occupational therapists treating patients with dementia at 432 designated medical institutions nationwide. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple regression analysis was performed to clarify the factors influencing the present application of EBOT. Results The response rate was 31.3%. Among the participants, 46.3% responded ‘somewhat frequently’ or more (5, 6, and 7 on a 7-grade scale) to a question on the frequency of practice of EBOT. Using multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method, we selected the model with the highest degree of fit. This model extracted three factors, namely, ability to understand scientific papers, sufficiency of means of getting information, and availability of advice, which had standardized partial regression coefficients (β) of 0.419, 0.214, and 0.158, respectively. Conclusions The three factors extracted using the multiple regression analysis indicate that in order to encourage EBOT for patients with dementia, occupational therapists need to acquire reading comprehension skills, so that they can assess the quality of scientific papers. Furthermore, it is important to create environments where they have access to publications and can discuss research with superiors and colleagues.
XRCC1 deficient triple negative breast cancers are sensitive to ATR, ATM and Wee1 inhibitor either alone or in combination with olaparib
Authors: Ali Reem , Alblihy Adel , Toss Michael S. , Algethami Mashael , Al Sunni Rabab , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A. , Madhusudan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2020

Background: PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy is a new strategy in BRCA germ-line deficient triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, not all patients respond, and the development of resistance limits the use of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, the development of alternative synthetic lethality strategy, including in sporadic TNBC, is a priority. XRCC1, a key player in base excision repair, single strand break repair, nucleotide excision repair and alternative non-homologous end joining, interacts with PARP1 and coordinates DNA repair. ATR, ATM and Wee1 have essential roles in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Methods: Highly selective inhibitors of ATR (AZD6738), ATM (AZ31) and Wee1 (AZD1775) either alone or in combination with olaparib were tested for synthetic lethality in XRCC1 deficient TNBC or HeLa cells. Clinicopathological significance of ATR, ATM or Wee1 co-expression in XRCC1 proficient or deficient tumours was evaluated in a large cohort of 1650 human breast cancers. Results: ATR (AZD6738), ATM (AZ31) or Wee1 (AZD1775) monotherapy was selectively toxic in XRCC1 deficient cells. Selective synergistic toxicity was evident when olaparib was combined with AZD6738, AZ31 or AZD1775. The most potent synergistic interaction was evident with the AZD6738 and olaparib combination therapy. In clinical cohorts, ATR, ATM or Wee1 overexpression in XRCC1 deficient breast cancer was associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion: XRCC1 stratified DNA repair targeted combinatorial approach is feasible and warrants further clinical evaluation in breast cancer.
Ketamine Normalizes the Structural Alterations of Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Depression
Authors: Dai Dan , Lacadie Cheryl M. , Holmes Sophie E. , Cool Ryan , Anticevic Alan , Averill Chris , Abdallah Chadi , Esterlis Irina 
Published: December 2020

Background Ketamine is a novel fast-acting antidepressant. Acute ketamine treatment can reverse microstructure deficits and normalize functional alterations in the brain, but little is known about the impacts of ketamine on brain volumes in individuals with depression. Methods We used 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tensorbased morphological methods to investigate the regional volume differences for 29 healthy control (HC) subjects and 21 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), including 10 subjects with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). All the subjects participated in MRI scanning before and 24 h post intravenous ketamine infusion. The effects of acute ketamine administration on HC, MDD, and MDD/PTSD groups were examined separately by whole-brain voxel-wise t-tests. Results Our data showed smaller volume of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, opercular part) in MDD and MDD/PTSD subjects compared to HC, and a significant correlation between opercular IFG volume and depressive severity in MDD subjects only. Ketamine administration normalized the structural alterations of opercular IFG in both MDD and MDD/PTSD groups, and significantly improved depressive and PTSD symptoms. Twenty-four hours after a single ketamine infusion, there were two clusters of voxels with volume changes in MDD subjects, including significantly increased volumes of opercular IFG. No significant structural alterations were found in the MDD/PTSD or HC groups. Conclusion These findings provide direct evidence that acute ketamine administration can normalize structural alterations associated with depression and highlight the importance of IFG in the guidance of future therapeutic targets.
Acute Stroke Mimics: Etiological Spectrum and Efficacy of FAST, BE FAST, and the ROSIER Scores
Authors: Aaron Sanjith , A. T. Prabhakar , Mathew Vivek , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Benjamin Kenneth , Abhilash K. P. P. , Ahmed Shaikh Atif Iqbal , Nair Aditya V. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Stroke mimics constitute a good number of patients referred as acute strokes within the window period for acute therapies. Proper triaging can avoid unnecessary imaging and even thrombolytic therapies in these patients. This study looked at the etiological spectrum of acute stroke mimics presenting within the 4.5 hours therapeutic window. We also evaluated the FAST, BE FAST, and the ROSIER tools in picking true strokes. Methods: Prospective study conducted over a 2-year period. Results: Acute stroke mimics constituted 328/1635 (20%) of referrals for acute stroke after screening by the neurology stroke team. Focal and generalized seizures with transient weakness and peripheral vertigo were the commonest acute stroke mimics; followed by metabolic causes and psychiatric disorders. Females were more in the stroke mimic group ( P = .02). Ischemic heart disease and atherosclerotic risk factors (except diabetes mellitus) were significantly higher among true strokes. In total, 4 (1.2%) of the stroke mimics were treated with IV thrombolysis. Diagnostic accuracy for different stroke differentiating tools are as follows: FAST (sensitivity 85.9%, specificity 52.8%, odds 6.8), BE FAST (sensitivity 97.0%, specificity 31.4%, odds 14.9), and ROSIER scale (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 59.4%, odds 8.7%). Conclusions: Acute stroke mimics can constitute up to 20% of cases evaluated as acute strokes by neurology stroke teams. None of the triaging tools appear to have enough accuracy. A proper history and clinical examination should be given priority over fixed protocols whenever acute stroke mimic are suspected especially before administering acute costly interventions. Auditing stroke mimics is important to improve acute stroke pathways.
Bridging Therapy and Direct Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nguyen Trung Quoc , Truong Anh Le Tuan , Phan Hoang Thi Kim , Nguyen Duan Duy , Nguyen Khang Vinh , Nguyen Huong Thi Bich , Nguyen An Thanh Thai , Hoang Dinh Chau Bao , Tran Vu Thanh , Nguyen Tri Quang , Le Tra Vu Son , Nguyen Khang Duc , Nguyen Thang Huy 
Published: December 2020

Background: It remains controversial if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) is superior to MTE alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. We aim to compare functional outcomes, mortality, reperfusion, and intracranial hemorrhage rates in bridging therapy (IVT prior thrombectomy) and MTE alone groups within 6 h from symptom onset. Materials and Methods: Consecutive hospitalized patients (September 2017 and July 2018) with acute large artery occlusion within the anterior cerebral circulation eligible for MTE with or without prior IVT were included. A modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 was considered as good functional outcome at 90 days. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale of 2b to 3. Results: Of the 124 patients included, 56 (45.2%) received bridging therapy and 68 (54.8%) received MTE alone. Patients receiving bridging therapy were younger (median, 56 vs 63, P = .045) and had shorter onset-to-groin time (median, 270 vs 370 min, P < .001) than those receiving MTE alone. Successful reperfusion rate was significantly greater in the bridging therapy group (87.5% vs 72.1%, P = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in functional independence (bridging 58.9% vs 75.0%, P = 0.07), mortality at 90 days (bridging 14.3% vs 7.4%, P = 0.22), parenchymal hematoma type 2 (bridging 3.6% vs 2.9%, P > .99), and any hemorrhage (bridging 42.3% vs 26.5%, P = 0.07). Conclusion: Compared to MTE alone, bridging therapy with IVT improved the reperfusion rate but not other outcomes. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Epidemiology of pleural empyema in English hospitals and the impact of influenza
Authors: Arnold David T. , Hamilton Fergus W. , Morris Tim T. , Suri Tim , Morley Anna , Frost Vicky , Vipond Ian B. , Medford Andrew R. , Payne Rupert A. , Muir Peter , Maskell Nick A. 
Published: December 2020

Pleural empyema represents a significant healthcare burden due to extended hospital admissions and potential requirement for surgical intervention. This study aimed to assess changes in incidence and management of pleural empyema in England over the past 10 years and the potential impact of influenza on rates.Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify patients admitted to English hospitals with pleural empyema between 2008 and 2018. Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between empyema rates and influenza incidence recorded by Public Health England. The relationship between influenza and empyema was further explored using serological data from a prospective cohort study of patients presenting with pleural empyema.Between April 2008 and March 2018 there were 55 530 patients admitted with pleural empyema. There was male predominance (67%versus33%), which increased with age. Cases have increased significantly from 4447 in 2008 to 7268 in 2017. Peaks of incidence correlated moderately with rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza in children and young adults (r=0.30). For nine of the 10 years studied, the highest annual point incidence of influenza coincided with the highest admission rate for empyema (with a 2-week lag). In a cohort study of patients presenting to a single UK hospital with pleural empyema/infection, 24% (17 out of 72) had serological evidence of recent influenza infection, compared to 7% in seasonally matched controls with simple parapneumonic or cardiogenic effusions (p<0.001).Rates of empyema admissions in England have increased steadily with a seasonal variation that is temporally related to influenza incidence. Patient-level serological data from a prospective study support the hypothesis that influenza may play a pathogenic role in empyema development.
Near-normal aerobic capacity in long-term survivors after lung transplantation
Authors: Saez-Gimenez Berta , Barrecheguren Miriam , Ramon Maria Antònia , Gomez-Garrido Alba , Bravo Carlos , Monforte Víctor , López-Meseguer Manuel , Berastegui Cristina , Revilla Eva , Romero Christian , Laporta Rosalía , Fernández-Rozas Sonia , Redel-Montero Javier , Solé Amparo , de la Torre Mercedes , Puente Luis , Roman Antonio , Gómez-Ollés Susana , Ojanguren Iñigo 
Published: December 2020

The clinical course of lung transplantation (LT) is diverse: some patients present chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and progressive decline in pulmonary function, but others maintain normal spirometric values and active lives.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate whether long-term LT survivors with normal spirometry achieve normal exercise capacity, and to identify predictive factors of exercise capacity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional multicentre study, where bilateral LT recipients who survived at least 10 years after LT, with normal spirometry, no diagnosis of CLAD and modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea degree ≤2 underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Results28 LT recipients were included with a mean±sdage of 48.7±13.6 years. Oxygen uptake (V′O2) had a mean±sdvalue of 21.49±6.68 mL·kg−1·min−1(75.24±15.6%) and the anaerobic threshold was reached at 48.6±10.1% of theV′O2maxpredicted. The mean±sdheart rate reserve at peak exercise was 17.56±13.6%. The oxygen pulse increased during exercise and was within normal values at 90.5±19.4%. The respiratory exchange ratio exceeded 1.19 at maximum exercise. The median (25–75thpercentile) EuroQol-5D score was 1 (0.95–1), indicating a good quality of life. The median (25–75thpercentile) International Physical Activity Questionnaire score was 5497 (4007–9832) MET-min·week−1with 89% of patients reporting more than 1500 MET-min·week−1. In the multivariate regression models, age, sex and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide remained significantly associated withV′O2max(mL·kg−1·min−1); haemoglobin and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly associated with maximum work rate (watts), after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionWe report for the first time near-normal peakV′O2values during CPET and normal exercise capacity in long-term LT recipients without CLAD.
Distinct immune regulatory receptor profiles linked to altered monocyte subsets in sarcoidosis
Authors: Fraser Simon D. , Crooks Michael G. , Kaye Paul M. , Hart Simon P. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn sarcoidosis, blood monocytes, circulating precursors of granuloma macrophages, display enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, reduced expression of the regulatory (inhibitory) receptor CD200R, and altered subsets defined by CD14 and CD16. Regulatory receptors serve to dampen monocyte and macrophage inflammatory responses. We investigated the relationship between monocyte subsets and regulatory receptor expression in sarcoidosis.MethodsMultiparameter flow cytometry was used to perform detailed analyses of cell surface regulatory molecules on freshly isolated blood immune cells from patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis and age-matched healthy controls.Results25 patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis (median duration of disease 22 months) who were not taking oral corticosteroids or other immunomodulators were recruited. Nonclassical monocytes were expanded in sarcoidosis and exhibited significantly lower expression of regulatory receptors CD200R, signal regulatory protein-α and CD47 than classical or intermediate monocytes. In sarcoidosis, all three monocyte subsets had significantly reduced CD200R and CD47 expression compared with healthy controls. A dichotomous distribution of CD200R was seen on classical and intermediate monocytes in the sarcoidosis population, with 14 out of 25 (56%) sarcoidosis patients having a CD200Rlowphenotype and 11 out of 25 (44%) having a CD200Rhighphenotype. These distinct sarcoidosis monocyte phenotypes remained consistent over time.ConclusionsNonclassical monocytes, which are expanded in sarcoidosis, express very low levels of regulatory receptors. Two distinct and persistent phenotypes of CD200R expression in classical and intermediate monocytes could be evaluated as sarcoidosis biomarkers.