bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Applications of Cyclopropene and Cyclopropenone: Recent Progress and Developments
Authors: Prasad Raiguru Bishnu , Nayak Sabita , Ranjan Mishra Deepak , Das Tapaswini , Mohapatra Seetaram , Priyadarsini Mishra Nilima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmallest ring size, high ring strain, and more reactivity of cyclopropene have brought the attention of researchers for chemical exploration. In this context, the chemistry of cyclopropene and cyclopropenone has exponentially grown over the last few years. This present review focuses on the most recent developments in cyclopropane chemistry.
Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Mainville Mathieu , Tremblay Vicky , Fenniri Miriam Z. , Laventure Audrey , Farahat Mahmoud E. , Ambrose Ryan , Welch Gregory C. , Hill Ian G. , Leclerc Mario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interest in organic solar cells (OSCs) has grown exponentially over the last few years and devices are approaching a symbolic power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20%. However, many challenges related to scaling‐up several processes must be addressed before this technology can reach the production scale. In order to facilitate the scaled‐up production of OSCs, the synthesis of an efficient and cost‐effective conjugated polymer, PPDT2FBT, was adapted to a water‐based method of direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP). This aqueous DHAP method yields molecular weights (Mn) between 20 and 80 kg mol−1, which can be controlled by manipulating the polymerization time and temperature. The varying polymer molecular weights were used for the fabrication of OSCs with PC61BM and air‐processed in non‐halogenated solvents. When the 40 kg mol−1 PPDT2FBT:PC61BM active layer is slot‐die coated, PCEs of 8.15% were attained under standard one sun illumination. The temporal stability of the devices under constant illumination showed a 80% PCE loss after 220 hours (TS80), after the initial ‘‘burn‐in’’.
Responses of anuran diversity to wetland characteristics and surrounding landscape in the Southern Andean Yungas, Argentina
Authors: Gonzalez Baffa‐Trasci Noelia V. , Pereyra Laura C. , Akmentins Mauricio S. , Vaira Marcos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModification and loss of natural habitats caused by human activities are among the main drivers of biodiversity decline worldwide. To evaluate how land‐use changes affect species diversity at different spatial scales, amphibians represent an excellent group given that their complex life cycle requires both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.In this study, the influence of wetland characteristics and surrounding landscape features on richness and functional diversity of anurans was investigated in 26 natural wetlands in a human‐modified landscape within the Southern Andean Yungas.The analysis was performed at two spatial scales: wetland scale (the breeding pond structure) and the surrounding landscape scale. The classification of the landscape was limited to land uses modified by human activities within concentric circular buffers (radius = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 km) centred on each breeding pond.Generalized linear models were applied to investigate the relationship between environmental variables measured at different scales and anuran species richness and functional diversity, respectively.Pond area best explained the observed variation in both diversity measures, which is consistent with other studies on anuran diversity in disturbed landscapes. In contrast to regression models including landscape scale variables only, integrated models (which included variables on both scales) highly improved model fit.Conservation strategies for anuran species diversity in these altered Andean Yungas forests should include efforts to maintain or restore aquatic habitats (e.g. breeding ponds) placed within suitable landscapes.Successful long‐term management will require an understanding of relationships between habitat characteristics at different spatial scales to identify variables that relate to species diversity in such heterogeneous habitats.
A High‐Rate and Long‐Life Rechargeable Battery Operated at −75 oC
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Yang Yang , Li Panlong , Fang Zhong , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntercalation compounds are commonly‐used electrodes for commercialized lithium ion batteries (LIBs), while suffering from the sluggish interfacial processes at subzero temperature. Herein, nanoscale Nb2O5 has been investigated as a viable cathode for rechargeable batteries operated at the temperature of as low as −75 °C. Benefitting from the surface‐controlled charge storage process, the intrinsic intercalation pseudocapacitance of Nb2O5 broke the rate limitation at low temperature. Particularly, the battery exhibited outstanding rate performance (100 C) at room temperature and delivered high a reversible charge/discharge with a high capacity of 121 mAh g−1 at −75 °C. Furthermore, a capacity retention of 50 % and a long life for 100 cycles without capacity fading were achieved with a rate of 0.5 C at such low temperature. Based on the outstanding electrochemical performance from −75 °C to +25 °C, it can be envisaged that materials with intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior could be served as good candidate for energy storage systems under extreme conditions.
Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of renally cleared drugs in Chinese pregnant women
Authors: Song Ling , Yu Zhiheng , Xu Yifan , Li Xiaobei , Liu Xuanlin , Liu Dongyang , Zhou Tianyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to build and verify a preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of Chinese pregnant women. The model was used to predict maternal pharmacokinetics (PK) of 6 predominantly renally cleared drugs.MethodBased on SimCYP Caucasian pregnancy population dataset, the preliminary Chinese pregnant population was built by updating several key parameters and equations according to physiological parameters of Chinese (or Japanese) pregnant women. Drug‐specific parameters of 6 renally cleared drugs were validated through PBPK modeling of Caucasian non‐pregnant, Caucasian pregnant and Chinese non‐pregnant population. The preliminary PBPK model of Chinese pregnant population was then developed by integrating the preliminary Chinese pregnant population and the drug‐specific parameters. This model was verified by comparing the predicted maternal PK of these 6 drugs with the observed in vivo data from the literature.ResultsThe preliminary Chinese pregnant population PBPK model successfully predicted the PK of 6 target drugs for different pregnancy stages. The predicted plasma concentrations time profiles fitted the observed data well, and most predicted PK parameters were within 2‐fold of observed data. Conclusions: The preliminary Chinese pregnant population PBPK model provided a useful tool to predict the maternal PK of 6 predominantly renally cleared drugs in Chinese pregnant women.
Developmental 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin exposure of either parent enhances the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice
Authors: Mokshagundam Shilpa , Ding Tianbing , Rumph Jelonia T. , Dallas Madison , Stephens Victoria R. , Osteen Kevin G. , Bruner‐Tran Kaylon L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a rare, but potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory condition most often arising in premature infants. Infants provided formula are also at greater risk of developing this disease. Although the majority of formula‐fed, preterm infants do not develop NEC, up to 30% of infants with the disease do not survive. Thus, identifying additional, currently unrecognized factors, which may predispose a specific infant to NEC development would be a significant clinical advancement. In this regard, we have previously reported that offspring of female or male mice with a history of developmental exposure to the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) exhibit altered sensitivity to inflammatory challenges and are frequently born premature. Herein, we examined the possibility that, compared to unexposed mice (F1NONE), developmental TCDD exposure of either parent (maternal, F1MTCDD, or paternal, F1PTCDD) would enhance the risk of NEC in offspring (F2TCDD mice) in association with supplemental formula feeding.MethodsBeginning on postnatal day 7, all neonates were randomized to maternal milk only or maternal milk with up to 20 supplemental formula feedings. All pups remained with the Dams and were additionally allowed to nurse ad libitum.ResultsFormula‐fed F2NONE pups rarely developed NEC while this disease was common in formula‐fed F2MTCDD and F2PTCDD mice. Unexpectedly, 50% of F2MTCDD pups that were not provided supplemental formula also developed NEC.ConclusionsOur studies provide evidence that a history of parental TCDD exposure enhances the risk of NEC in offspring and suggest exposure to environmental immunotoxicants such as TCDD may also contribute to this inflammatory disease in humans.
Variable selection with P‐splines in functional linear regression: Application in graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Aguilera‐Morillo M. Carmen , Buño Ismael , Lillo Rosa E. , Romo Juan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problems of estimation and variable selection in the functional linear regression model (FLM) with functional response and scalar covariates. To this end, two different types of regularization (L1 and L2) are considered in this paper. On the one hand, a sample approach for functional LASSO in terms of basis representation of the sample values of the response variable is proposed. On the other hand, we propose a penalized version of the FLM by introducing a P‐spline penalty in the least squares fitting criterion. But our aim is to propose P‐splines as a powerful tool simultaneously for variable selection and functional parameters estimation. In that sense, the importance of smoothing the response variable before fitting the model is also studied. In summary, penalized (L1 and L2) and nonpenalized regression are combined with a presmoothing of the response variable sample curves, based on regression splines or P‐splines, providing a total of six approaches to be compared in two simulation schemes. Finally, the most competitive approach is applied to a real data set based on the graft‐versus‐host disease, which is one of the most frequent complications (30% –50%) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation.
Cost-effectiveness of sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis or end colostomy for perforated diverticulitis: an analysis of the randomized Ladies trial
Authors: Lambrichts D P V , Dieren S , Bemelman W A , Lange J F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Several studies have been published favouring sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis over Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or faecal peritonitis (Hinchey grade III or IV), but cost-related outcomes were rarely reported. The present study aimed to evaluate costs and cost-effectiveness within the DIVA arm of the Ladies trial.

Methods
This was a cost-effectiveness analysis of the DIVA arm of the multicentre randomized Ladies trial, comparing primary anastomosis over Hartmann's procedure for Hinchey grade III or IV diverticulitis. During 12-month follow-up, data on resource use, indirect costs (Short Form Health and Labour Questionnaire) and quality of life (EuroQol Five Dimensions) were collected prospectively, and analysed according to the modified intention-to-treat principle. Main outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness (ICER) and cost–utility (ICUR) ratios, expressed as the ratio of incremental costs and the incremental probability of being stoma-free or incremental quality-adjusted life-years respectively.

Results
Overall, 130 patients were included, of whom 64 were allocated to primary anastomosis (46 and 18 with Hinchey III and IV disease respectively) and 66 to Hartmann's procedure (46 and 20 respectively). Overall mean costs per patient were lower for primary anastomosis (€20 544, 95 per cent c.i. 19 569 to 21 519) than Hartmann's procedure (€28 670, 26 636 to 30 704), with a mean difference of €–8126 (–14 660 to –1592). The ICER was €–39 094 (95 per cent bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) c.i. –1213 to –116), indicating primary anastomosis to be more cost-effective. The ICUR was €–101 435 (BCa c.i. –1 113 264 to 251 840).

Conclusion
Primary anastomosis is more cost-effective than Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or faecal peritonitis.
Establishment and characterization of an in vitro 3D ovarian cancer model for drug screening assays
Authors: Tofani Larissa B. , Abriata Juliana P. , Luiz Marcela T. , Marchetti Juliana M. , Swiech Kamilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe acquired drug chemoresistance represents the main challenge of the ovarian cancer treatment. In addition, the absence of an adequate in vitro model able to reproduce the native tumor environment can contribute to the poor success rate of pre‐clinical studies of new compounds. Three‐dimensional (3D) culture models have been recently used for drug screening purposes due to their ability to reproduce the main characteristics of in vivo solid tumors. Here we describe the establishment and characterization of 3D ovarian cancer spheroids using different adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines (SKOV‐3 and OVCAR‐3 cells) in two different 3D scaffold‐free methods: forced‐floating in ultra‐low attachment (ULA) plates and hanging drop (HD). Spheroids were evaluated in both 3D cultures in order to establish the best condition to perform the drug response analysis with Paclitaxel, a common drug used to treat ovarian cancer. SKOV‐3 and OVCAR‐3 spheroids with the desired characteristics (roundness close to 1.0 and diameter in the 200–500 μm range) were obtained using both methods after addition of the methylcellulose (MC) in the culture medium (0.25% and 0.5%, w/v). We also observed the presence of microvilli on the surface of the spheroids, higher presence of apoptotic cells and higher drug resistance, when compared with 2D cultures. The 3D cultures obtained seem to provide more reliable results in terms of drug response than those provided by 2D monolayer culture. The forced floating method was considered more suitable and straightforward to generate ovarian cancer spheroids for drug screening/cytotoxicity assays.
Nomogram prediction of overall survival based on log odds of positive lymph nodes for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Wenwen , Li Kangqi , Zhu Weiwei , Ding Yuexia , Wu Qingna , Tang Qiling , Lu Congxiao , Zhao Quan , Yu Shengqiang , Guo Chenyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the long‐term overall survival (OS) for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).MethodThe PSCC patients receiving regional lymph node dissection (RLND) were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. The dataset of all eligible patients were used to develop the predictive model. The significant independent predictors were identified through Cox regression modeling based on the Bayesian information criterion and then incorporated into a nomogram to predicted 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap resampling method. The model performance was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), calibration plots, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsTotally, 384 eligible PSCC patients were enrolled from the SEER database. A nomogram for OS prediction was developed, in which three clinical variables significantly associated with OS were integrated, including age, N classification, and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS). The C‐index of the nomogram (0.746, 95% CI: 0.702‐0.790) was significantly higher than that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (0.692, 95% CI: 0.646‐0.738, P = .020). The bootstrap optimism‐corrected C‐index for the nomogram was 0.739 (95% CI: 0.690‐0.784). The bias‐corrected calibration plots showed the predicted risks were in good accordance with the actual risks. The results of NRI, IDI, and DCA exhibited superior predictive capability and higher clinical use of the nomogram compared with the AJCC staging system.ConclusionWe successfully constructed a simple and reliable nomogram for OS prediction among PSCC patients receiving RLND, which would be beneficial to clinical trial design, patient counseling, and therapeutic modality selection.
Thermal and thermal damage responses during switching bipolar radiofrequency ablation employing bipolar needles: A computational study on the effects of different electrode configuration, input voltage and ablation duration
Authors: Cheong Jason K. K. , Ooi Ean H. , Ooi Ean T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of switching bipolar radiofrequency ablation (bRFA) in treating liver cancer. Nevertheless, the clinical use of the treatment remains less common than conventional monopolar RFA – likely due to the lack of understanding of how the tissues respond thermally to the switching effect. The problem is exacerbated by the numerous possible switching combinations when bRFA is performed using bipolar needles, thus making theoretical deduction and experimental studies difficult. This article addresses this issue via computational modelling by examining if significant variation in the treatment outcome exists amongst six different electrode configurations defined by the X‐, C‐, U‐, N‐, Z‐ and O‐models. Results indicated that the tissue thermal and thermal damage responses varied depending on the electrode configuration and the operating conditions (input voltage and ablation duration). For a spherical tumour, 30 mm in diameter, complete ablation could not be attained in all configurations with 70 V input voltage and 5 minutes ablation duration. Increasing the input voltage to 90 V enlarged the coagulation zone in the X‐model only. With the other configurations, extending the ablation duration to 10 minutes was found to be the better at enlarging the coagulation zone.
Question answering model based on machine reading comprehension with knowledge enhancement and answer verification
Authors: Yang Ziming , Sun Yuxia , Kuang Qingxuan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDeep learning has led to important breakthroughs in natural language processing and obtained the state‐of‐the‐art results on machine reading comprehension. However, it is essential to consider the entity recognition and the detection of unanswerable questions for accuracy improvement. A novel question answering model is proposed with knowledge enhancement and answer verification to promote the performance of reading comprehension. With knowledge enhancement, the proposed model is able to recognize entities from the passage and detect word boundary precisely. To deal with unanswerable questions, the answerability of questions is evaluated based on the textual entailment. Empirical studies suggest that the proposed model has better ability of reading comprehension than others, with improvement on question answering tasks.
Hematologist‐Level Classification of Mature B‐Cell Neoplasm Using Deep Learning on Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Data
Authors: Zhao Max , Mallesh Nanditha , Höllein Alexander , Schabath Richard , Haferlach Claudia , Haferlach Torsten , Elsner Franz , Lüling Hannes , Krawitz Peter , Kern Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe wealth of information captured by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) can be analyzed by recent methods of computer vision when represented as a single image file. We therefore transformed MFC raw data into a multicolor 2D image by a self‐organizing map and classified this representation using a convolutional neural network. By this means, we built an artificial intelligence that is not only able to distinguish diseased from healthy samples, but it can also differentiate seven subtypes of mature B‐cell neoplasm. We trained our model with 18,274 cases including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its precursor monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and achieved a weighted F1 score of 0.94 on a separate test set of 2,348 cases. Furthermore, we estimated the trustworthiness of a classification and could classify 70% of all cases with a confidence of 0.95 and higher. Our performance analyses indicate that particularly for rare subtypes further improvement can be expected when even more samples are available for training. © 2020 The Authors.Cytometry Part Apublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Management of persistent acromegaly following primary therapy: The current landscape in the UK
Authors: Kyriakakis Nikolaos , Seejore Khyatisha , Hanafy Ahmed , Murray Robert D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcromegaly is the clinical consequence of chronic exposure of the tissues to excess GH and IGF‐I. It is almost exclusively the result of a GH‐secreting pituitary adenoma. In addition to the somatic features, uncontrolled acromegaly is associated with a number of complications and excess mortality. Management is aimed at control of the tumour; normalization of GH and IGF‐I secretion and relief of symptoms. Initial management of GH‐secreting pituitary adenoma is widely accepted as endonasal trans‐sphenoidal surgery, with second‐line therapy where disease is uncontrolled in most cases being somatostatin analogue therapy. With the combination of surgery and somatostatin analogue therapy, control is achieved in around 75% of patients; however, this leaves a significant proportion of patients requiring multimodality therapy to achieve remission. Within the UK, the health system has finite resources, and decisions for management require consideration of efficacy and cost‐effectiveness. To add to the complexity, subtle differences exist in availability of high‐cost medications used in the treatment of patients with acromegaly across the devolved nations of the UK. In this article, we discuss options for the management of persistent acromegaly following initial surgery and somatostatin analogue therapy, and explore earlier use of dopaminergics and conservative management.