bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An. gambiae s.l. exhibit high intensity pyrethroid resistance throughout Southern and Central Mali (2016-2018); PBO or next generation LLINs may provide greater control
Authors: Sovi Arthur , Keita Chitan , Sinaba Youssouf , Dicko Abdourhamane , Traore Ibrahim , Cisse Moussa BM , Koita Ousmane , Dengela Dereje , Flatley Cecilia , Bankineza Elie , Mihigo Jules , Belemvire Allison , Carlson Jenny , Fornadel Christen , Oxborough Richard Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Millions of pyrethroid LLINs have been distributed in Mali during the past 20 years which, along with agricultural use, has increased the selection pressure on malaria vector populations. This study investigated pyrethroid resistance intensity and susceptible status of malaria vectors to alternative insecticides to guide choice of insecticides for LLINs and IRS for effective control of malaria vectors.Methods: For 3 years between 2016 and 2018, susceptibility testing was conducted annually in 14-16 sites covering southern and central Mali. Anopheles gambiae s.l. were collected from larval sites and adult mosquitoes exposed in WHO tube tests to diagnostic doses of bendiocarb (0.1%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%). Resistance intensity tests were conducted using CDC bottle bioassays (2016-17) and WHO tube tests (2018) at 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× the diagnostic concentration of permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. WHO tube tests were conducted with pre-exposure to the synergist PBO followed by permethrin or deltamethrin. Chlorfenapyr was tested in CDC bottle bioassays at 100µg active ingredient per bottle and clothianidin at 2% in WHO tube tests. PCR was performed to identify species within the An. gambiae complex.Results: In all sites An. gambiae s.l. showed high intensity resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in CDC bottle bioassay tests in 2016 and 2017. In 2018, WHO intensity tests resulted in survivors at all sites for permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin when tested at 10× the diagnostic dose. Across all sites mean mortality was 33.7% with permethrin (0.75%) compared with 71.8% when pre-exposed to PBO (4%), representing a 2.13 fold increase in mortality. A similar trend was recorded for deltamethrin. There was susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl, chlorfenapyr and clothianidin in all surveyed sites, including current IRS sites in Mopti Region. An. coluzzii was the primary species in 4 of 6 regions.Conclusions: Widespread high intensity pyrethroid resistance was recorded during 2016-18 and is likely to compromise the effectiveness of pyrethroid LLINs in Mali. PBO or chlrofenapyr LLINs should provide improved control of An. gambiae s.l. Clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides are currently being used for IRS as part of a rotation strategy based on susceptibility being confirmed in this study.
Retinal Vascular Abnormalities and their Associations with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascsular Diseases: a Study in Rural Southwestern Harbin, China
Authors: Wang Junwei , Leng Fei , Li Zhijian , Tang Xianling , Qian Hua , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Yi , Chen Xuedong , Du Haitao , Liu Ping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Limited data is available on retinal vessel morphology in the north China. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of retinal vascular abnormalities (RVAs) and investigate their associations with the self-reported diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascsular diseases (CCVds) in a rural adult population of northeast China. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted, using the cluster random sampling method. One eye of each participant was photographed with a non-mydriatic fundus camera. RVAs including focal and general arteriolar narrowing (FAN and GAN), arteriovenous nicking (AVN), arteriolar sheathing (AS), and retinopathy were evaluated. Data on self-reported diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and status of smoking and alcohol drinking were obtained from questionnaires. Results: Among the 6 267 participants with an age ≥50 years, photographs were obtained of 99.2%, with quality sufficient to perform retinal evaluations in 82.5%. The prevalence of FAN, AVN, AS, retinopathy and GAN were 9.1%, 8.9%, 5.0%, 6.6% and 6.2%, respectively. All the retinal lesions were associated with hypertension (all P<0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, and left/right eyes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, habits of past or current smoking and alcohol consumption, AVN was strongly associated with the self-reported diagnosis histories of coronary heart diseases(CHD) (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09, 1.89) and retinopathy was significantly associated with a self-reported diagnosis of stroke (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18, 3.57). Conclusions : The overall prevalence of retinal microvascular abnormalities in this population was relatively higher than that reported in other regions of the world. Retinopathy is associated with the self-reported diagnosis of stroke while AVN was associated with the self-reported diagnosis of CHD, but the remaining retinal lesions were not consistently associated with CCVds. Thus, an examination of retinal microvascular characteristics may offer clues to CCVds and could be a potentially novel biomarkers for CCVds risk.
Impact of landscape pattern change on runoff processes in catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin
Authors: Gao Fan , He Bing , Xue Songsong , Li Yizhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the monthly runoff processes of two land-use types in 2000 and 2015 were simulated in this paper. The relationship between runoff and landscape pattern was analyzed, and the spatial correlation between runoff and landscape pattern analyzed using the geographic weighted regression model combined with the change of landscape pattern in the study area from 2000 to 2015. The results show the following. (1) The SWAT model can simulate the monthly runoff processes in the catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin (URB) under different land-use types for 2000 and 2015, but the simulation effect in 2000 was found to be better than that in 2015. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the area of woodland and grassland decreased. Runoff was positively correlated with woodland, grassland, largest patch index, mean patch area (AREA_MN), and contagion index, and negatively correlated with others. This indicates that the landscape fragmentation of URB was aggravated in 2000–2015, the landscape balance was destroyed, and the ability of rainfall interception and water conservation was weakened. (3) Landscape pattern indicators of grassland had a negative spatial impact on URB runoff, and the northern region of URB was more severely affected in 2015 than in 2000. AREA_MN landscape pattern index had a positive impact on runoff in the northern part of URB, and the positive impact in northern URB in 2000 was better than that in 2015.
Directive Effect of Chain Length in Modulating Peptide Nano-assemblies
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Das Prem Prakash , Ramakrishnan Vibin 
Published: February 2020

Background:
RADA-4 (Ac-RADARADARADARADA-NH2) is the most extensively
studied and marketed self-assembling peptide, forming hydrogel, used to create defined threedimensional
microenvironments for cell culture applications.

Objectives:
In this work, we use various biophysical techniques to investigate the length
dependency of RADA aggregation and assembly.

Methods:
We synthesized a series of RADA-N peptides, N ranging from 1 to 4, resulting in four
peptides having 4, 8, 12, and 16 amino acids in their sequence. Through a combination of various
biophysical methods including thioflavin T fluorescence assay, static right angle light scattering
assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), electron microscopy, CD, and IR spectroscopy, we have
examined the role of chain-length on the self-assembly of RADA peptide.

Results:
Our observations show that the aggregation of ionic, charge-complementary RADA motifcontaining
peptides is length-dependent, with N less than 3 are not forming spontaneous selfassemblies.

Conclusion:
The six biophysical experiments discussed in this paper validate the significance of
chain-length on the epitaxial growth of RADA peptide self-assembly.
Susceptibility Factors for Early Reamputation in Diabetic Great Toe Gangrene
Authors: Primadhi Raden A. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
The effectiveness of the treatment has long been significant in diabetes and its
complications, especially in developing countries. Prolonged hospitalization and repeated surgery
should be avoided due to clinical and economic reasons. Wound breakdowns or necrosis can occur after
amputation procedures, and subsequently will require reamputation. This study analyzed susceptibility
factors in diabetic foot patients undergoing prior high toe amputation that are thought to be related to
early reamputation.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis in 107 patients that have undergone amputation for
great toe gangrene, during May 2014-April 2019. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results
and treatment modality, were documented and statistically analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regression
methods.

Results:
Of all 107 patients, 17 patients had to undergo early reamputation. Limited dorsiflexion, level
of amputation, and sepsis condition is shown to be significantly associated with first amputation. Multiple
logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association of early reamputation with amputation
or disarticulation at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Conclusion:
While limited ankle dorsiflexion and sepsis conditions need to be addressed comprehensively,
from the surgical options point of view, we suggest ray amputation to be preferred over metatarsophalangeal
joint disarticulation to prevent early reamputation.
N-doped ZnO: Efficient Photocatalyst for Decomposition of Methylene Blue
Authors: Raj Benjamin , Sahu Kishor Kumar , Mohapatra Mamata , Padhy Arun Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Herein, we have synthesized nitrogen doped zinc oxide (N-ZnO) by
using imidazole derivative as an organic precursor.

Methods:
The metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope
(SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The surface area and pore size distribution
were also measured by the BET surface area analyzer. The enhanced surface area
reveals that the synthesized materials have better active sites for the amputation of organic
dyes.

Results and Conclusion:
The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was chosen to
evaluate the photocatalytic activity of N-ZnO nanoparticles, with results indicating that the
material exhibited higher activity towards the degradation of methylene blue.
Big Data Security Issues from the Perspective of IoT and Cloud Computing: A Review
Authors: Ray Soumya , Mishra Kamta Nath , Dutta Sandip 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The data is one of the prime assets in today’s world. The continuous data generation ultimately creates huge volume of data that cannot be processed or stored by a normal relational database management system. This problem is addressed by a new concept: Big Data. Apart from the size of data, security and privacy of data are the more challenging issues in Big data technology.

Objective:
The primary objective of the research is to identify the potential security threats of different big data computing technologies and provide a defense mechanism to mitigate the issues.

Methods:
To identify the security issues, different existing big data systems are thoroughly analysed
and observed. Security systems are completely dependent on the system architecture. This can
be a single architecture (dependent on one computing technology) or multi architecture type (dependent
on multiple computing technologies). The internal mechanism of different technologies is
observed and how the attacks change the behavioural pattern of the systems is the main backbone of
the research. Based on the behaviour of dissimilar attacks, a comprehensive defense mechanism is
identified. Security and privacy challenges of mobile healthcare are also considered as a case study.

Results:
The complete lists of big data computing security threats in different layers of the systems are identified. Through this research the remedial measures of the different attacks are found. The security challenges of mobile healthcare technology and its predictive measurements are sorted out. The changes of big data security systems behaviour based on its architecture are of the major findings of this research.

Conclusion:
The integration of mobile healthcare along with Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain computing can enhance the system level and hence security threats can be minimized.
Implementasi program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris pada playgroup and kindergarten
Authors: Kimalasari Fitriani 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris yang terdiri atas: perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran di kelas Kidergarten Ananda Mentari Playgroup and kindergarten Bumijo Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu 1 kepala sekolah, 1 guru kindergarten, 1 tenaga kependidikan, 1 trainer, dan 1 wali murid. Objek penelitian yaitu program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan wawancara terstruktur, observasi, dokumentasi serta catatan lapangan. Instrument penelitian menggunakan model interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Perencanaan program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris menggunakan kurikulum adaptasi dari 4 negara, (2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran, metode dan materi untuk anak didik menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan jenis kegiatan eksploratif. (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran dilakukan menggunakan checklist dan anekdot sesuai usia perkembangan anak. (4) Faktor pendukung program pembelajaran adalah kerjasama antar guru dan parents club. (5) Faktor penghambat program pembelajaran adalah persaingan dengan sekolah lain, lokasi tidak strategis, dan sulit mencari guru yang memenuhi kriteria AbstractThe purpose of this research is to describe a learning program based on English-language environment which consist of study planning, implementing, and evaluating that applied in kindergarten class at Ananda Mentari Playgroup and Kindergerten Bumijo Yogyakarta. This study requires descriptive method and qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are one of headmaster, one of kindergarten teacher, one trainer, and one of student guardian. The object of this study is about learning in an English-language environment. The data collection techniques used in this research are such as structured interviews, observations, documentations also field notes. The instrument has a interactive model consist of data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. This study shows that (1) the learning program based on English-language environment planning is adopted from 4 countries curriculums, (2) the english based study implementation, methods, and materials for the students are using a more explorative activities, (3) class evaluation used by checklist and anecdote suited for children growth, (4) the supporting factors of the learning program are cooperation between teachers and parents clubs. (5) the inhibiting factor of the learning program is competition with other schools, the location is not strategic, and it is difficult to find teachers who meet the criteria.
Pembelajaran Menggambar dengan Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Putri Sevilia Sujarwo Indrias , Trisakti Trisakti 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) di sanggar Creativ Kids Kediri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa usia dini di sanggar Creativ Kids Kediri, sebanyak 36 siswa. Pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) adalah teknik cepat menggambar dengan menggunakan bidang yang ditarik garis lurus atau lengkung sehingga menghasilkan gambar hewan yang diinginkan. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa di sanggar ini dapat menggambar dengan Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT). Hal itu dapat dilihat dari hasil karya yang dibuat oleh siswa di sanggar. Hasil karya siswa sanggar yang mendapat kriteria baik 53%, kriteria cukup 33%, kriteria kurang 14%. Pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) ini menanamkan karakter positif di antaranya kreatif, disiplin, tanggung jawab, dan menghargai karya. Selain itu karya yang dibuat memiliki keunikan tersendiri. Karya tulis ilmiah ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai referensi di dunia pendidikan baik untuk siswa maupun guru di sanggar maupun sekolah.
Modeling Gait Patterns of a Patient with Orthopedic Injury Using an Exoskeleton
Authors: Yatsun S. F. , Al Manji Khalil Hamed Mohammed Hamood , Postolny A. A. , Yatsun A. S. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. The paper describes the EXOLITE-REHAB rehabilitation robotic complex which makes it possible to do rehabilitation exercises of lower limbs of patients by performing leg lifting, verticalization, squats and other types of movement. In many countries, research work is underway to create devices that allow a person to move in space when the musculo-skeletal system is damaged. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study and set the basic regularities and algorithms based on mathematical models describing the controlled movement of the lower limbs exoskeleton by the example of modeling the movement of the exoskeleton's ankle joint.Methods. The key feature of the complex is the use of a follower-up control system that allows us to provide a prescribed movement of the human ankle joint with a high degree of accuracy in a wide range of parameters’ changes. Methods of mathematical modeling of the ankle joint movement are applied, taking into account their subsequent possible use in modeling the movement of exoskeleton links.Results. A kinematic setting of the ankle joint movement trajectory is used in order to simulate the operation of a robotic system. In order to find the vector of generalized coordinates, the inverse kinematics problem is solved using the vector-matrix method with the application of Jacobian matrix. The results of numerical simulation show high convergence and adequacy of the proposed method.Conclusion. The article considers the method of using a follower-up control system that has a sufficient degree of accuracy of copying the trajectory. The results of modeling the follower-up control system of the EXOLITE-REHAB rehabilitation exoskeleton, working according to the developed algorithm, show that it is able to repeat the required trajectory with sufficient accuracy. In the future, we plan to study the system more deeply on a three-dimensional model with electric drives.
Software of Rational Choice of Adaptive Technologies for the Cultivation of Grain Crops as an Element of Agriculture Digitalization
Authors: Gostev A. V. , Pykhtin A. I. , Lyubitsky N. I. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of research. The goal of research is to develop a science-based decision support system for agricultural producers to choose adaptive technologies for growing crops in the European part of Russia.Methods. System approach, database design theory, mathematical modeling, software and information systems development theory, software qualimetry methods.Results. The paper consistently addresses the issues of the need to digitalize agriculture, describes the results of current research on this topic, identifies areas for further research of such developments, and describes the process of creating and testing application software in stages on the example of our own research. As a result of the conducted research, a finished product has been created and tested. It is a computer program that solves not only the problem of increasing the profitability of grain production, but also ensures the environmental orientation of the technologies used, which is extremely important and relevant at the present time. The proposed software package consists of a client-server application for personal computers, a web application, a mobile application for smartphones based on the Android operating system, and two databases (for personal computers and for the online version of the application).Conclusion. There has been created software that allows us to select the technology for cultivating the given grain crop, taking into account the prevailing soil and climatic conditions of a particular territory, and, thus,it can help to increase the profitability of grain production, ensure the environmental orientation of the applied technologies by effectively using mineral fertilizers, fuel and chemical plant protection productsand select the optimal variety or hybrid of grain crops. It can also help to choose agricultural machinery, taking into account the requirements of import substitution and preliminary calculation of the economic efficiency of the proposed agricultural technology.