bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise anti-inflammatory and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects following convalescent plasma therapy with full clinical recovery
Authors: Zimmerli Aurelia , Monti Matteo , Fenwick Craig , Eckerle Isabella , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine , Pellaton Celine , Jaton Katia , Dumas Dominique , Stamm Gian-Marco , Infanti Laura , Andreu-Ullrich Heidrun , Germann Daphne , Mean Marie , Vollenweider Peter , Stadelmann Raphael , Prella Maura , Comte Denis , Guery Benoit , Gachoud David , Rufer Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Convalescent plasma to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently the focus of numerous clinical trials worldwide, but the criteria of treatment efficacy remain largely unknown. Here, we describe a severely immunosuppressed patient following rituximab and chemotherapy for chronic lymphoid leukemia, who became infected by SARS-CoV-2. His prolonged viral disease was successfully cured after four cycles of convalescent plasma. Its immunomodulatory properties led to the rapid improvement of inflammation, pneumonia and blood cell counts, already after the first cycle. Importantly, the cumulative increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies following each plasma transfusion was associated to progressive viral clearance, resulting in clinical recovery from infection. Our data provide insight into the different modes of action of plasma components. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will help to optimize the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Diet and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Radwan Hadia , Kitbi Mahra Al , Hasan Hayder , Hilali Marwa Al , Abbas Nada , Hamadeh Rena , Saif Eman Rashid , Naja Farah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Lockdown measures were implemented in many countries to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such restrictions could precipitate unintended negative consequences on lifestyle behaviors. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of unhealthy behavior changes during the COVID-19 lockdown among residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey of adults residing in the UAE was carried out during lockdown (n=2060). Using a multi-component questionnaire, the collected data included questions regarding the following lifestyle changes: Increased dietary intake, increased weight, decreased physical activity, decreased sleep, and increased smoking. An unhealthy lifestyle change score was calculated based on the number of unhealthy lifestyle changes each participant reported. In addition, sociodemographic and living conditions information was collected. Descriptive statistics as well as simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the prevalence and determinants of the unhealthy lifestyle changes considered in this study.Results: Among the unhealthy lifestyle changes examined, increased food intake was the most common (31.8%), followed by decreased physical activity (30%), increased weight (29.4%), decreased sleep (20.8%), and increased smoking (21%). In addition to identifying the correlates of each of the aforementioned lifestyle changes, the results of the multiple regression linear analyses revealed the following correlates for the overall unhealthy lifestyle change score: females (β=0.32, CI: 0.22;0.42), living in an apartment (β=0.12, CI: 0.003;0.23) and being overweight/obese (β=0.24, CI: 0.15;0.32) had higher scores, while older adults (>40 years) had lower scores (β=-0.23, CI: -0.34;-0.12).Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and practices among UAE residents. The findings of this study provided the evidence base for officials to design interventions targeting high-risk groups and aiming to improve healthy lifestyle factors among residents during the pandemic.
Severity of COVID-19 Infection in ACEI/ARB Users in Two Saudi Public Specialty Hospitals; Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alrashed Ahmed A. , Khan Tahir M. , Alhusseini Noara K. , Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Enani Mushira , Alosaimi Bandar , Alkhani Nada M. , Mohzari Yahya , Alghalbi Maram M. , Alfahad Wafa , Alanazi Mona A. , Ben-Akresh Amal , Almutairi Malak , Abraham Ivo , Alamer Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The uncertainty about COVID-19 outcomes in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) users continues with contradictory findings. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ACEI/ARB use in patients with severe COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study done in two Saudi public specialty hospitals designated as COVID-19 referral facilities. We included 354 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between April and June 2020, of which 146 were ACEI/ARB users and 208 were non-ACEI/ARB users. Controlling for confounders, we conducted a multivariate logistic regression and a sensitivity analysis using propensity score matched (PSM) patients. Compared to non-ACEI/ARB users, ACEI/ARB users had an eight-fold higher risk of developing critical or severe COVID-19 (OR=8.25, 95%CI=3.32-20.53); a nearly 7-fold higher risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=6.76, 95%CI=2.88-15.89) and a nearly 5-fold higher risk of requiring noninvasive ventilation (OR=4.77,95%CI=2.15-10.55). Patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or renal disease had a five-fold higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease (OR=5.40,95%CI=2.0-14.54]. These results were confirmed in the PSM analysis. In general, but especially among patients with hypertension, diabetes, and/or renal disease, ACEI/ARB use is associated with a significantly higher risk of severe or critical COVID-19 disease, and ICU care.
Income-related health inequalities associated with the coronavirus epidemic in South Africa: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Nwosu Chijioke O. , Oyenubi Adeola 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus pandemic (covid-19) has resulted in an enormous dislocation of society especially in South Africa. The South African government has imposed a number of measures aimed at controlling the epidemic, chief being a nationwide lockdown. This has resulted in income loss for individuals and firms, with vulnerable populations (low earners, those in informal and precarious employment, etc.) more likely to be adversely affected through job losses and the resulting income loss. Income loss will likely result in reduced ability to access healthcare and a nutritious diet, thus adversely affecting health outcomes. Given the foregoing, we hypothesize that the economic dislocation caused by the coronavirus will disproportionately affect the health of the poor.Methods: Using the fifth wave of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) dataset conducted in 2017 and the first wave of the NIDS-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) dataset conducted in May/June 2020, this paper estimated income-related health inequalities in South Africa before and during the covid-19 epidemic. Health was a dichotomized self-assessed health measure, with fair and poor health categorized as “poor” health, while excellent, very good and good health were categorized as “better” health. Household per capita income was used as the ranking variable. Concentration curves and indices were used to depict the income-related health inequalities. Furthermore, we decomposed the covid-19 era income-related health inequality in order to ascertain the significant predictors of such inequality.Results: The results indicate that poor health was pro-poor in the pre-covid-19 and covid-19 periods, with the latter six times the value of the former. Being African (relative to white), per capita household income and household experience of hunger significantly predicted income-related health inequalities in the covid-19 era, while being in paid employment had a nontrivial but statistically insignificant contribution to health inequality.Conclusion: Addressing racial disparities, tackling hunger, income inequality and unemployment will likely mitigate income-related health inequalities in South Africa during the covid-19 epidemic.
Effect of mother’s knowledge of oral health in preventing early childhood caries among preschool children: a systematic review
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Ghadimi Sara , Mokhtari Saeedeh , Khosrozadeh Maryam , Kargar Mojgan , Alipour Firoozeh , Hamrah Mohammad Hussain , Dahi Toba 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To review current models and scientific evidence on the influence of mother’s knowledge of oral health behaviors on their preschool children’s oral health.Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for articles published between January 2009 and December 2019 on mother’s oral health behavior.Results: A total of 324 citations were retrieved, with 17 articles finally included in the analysis. The studies utilized various methods, including text messaging, phone conversation, of which motivational interviewing method was more effective in their knowledge and behaviors about their preschool child’s oral health.Conclusion: Mother’s knowledge has a direct effect influence on their preschool children’s oral health. Oral health education programs aimed at preventive actions are needed to provide children not only with adequate oral health, but better quality of life. Special attention should be given to the entire family, concerning their lifestyle and oral health habits.
Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation.
Authors: Carcaterra Maurizio , Caruso Cristina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solutionand global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive and treatment strategies.Methods: One of the major challenges of this disease is the high number of patients needing advanced respiratory support due to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as the lung is the major –although not exclusive-target of the virus. The molecular mechanisms, pathogenic drivers and the target cell type(s) in SARSCoV-2 infection are still poorly understood, but the development of a “hyperactive” immune response is proposed to play a role in the evolution of the disease and it is envisioned as a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Results: Here we propose a theory by which the main targets for SARS-CoV-2 are the Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells and the clinical manifestations of the syndrome are a direct consequence of their involvement. We hypotize the existence of a vicious cycle by which once alveolar damage starts in AEC II cells, the inflammatory state is supported by macrophage proinflammatory polarization (M1), cytokines release and by the activation of the NF-κB pathway.Conclusions: If this theory is confirmed, future therapeutic efforts can be directed to target Type 2 alveolar cells and the molecular pathogenic drivers associated with their dysfunction with currently available therapeutic strategies.
Perceived risk, anxiety and protective health behaviours during the early phase of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Oyetunji Tosin Philip , Oyelakin  , Ogunmola Olusegun Ayomikun , Olorunsogbon Olorunyomi Felix , Ajayi Foluso O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pandemics such as the current COVID-19 pandemic are often associated with heightened fears and significant adjustments in health behaviours. Aim: This study was aimed to assess perceived risk, anxiety and protective health behaviours of the general public during the early phase of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional study among 1197 respondents aged 18 years and above between April 27th to May 16th, 2020. Result: More than half (61.9%) of the respondents have high risk perception towards COVID-19. Using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, high anxiety level was found in 37.2% of the study respondents. Male gender (OR=1.38,CI=1.09-1.74), being employed (OR=1.53,CI = 1.21- 1.95) and high risk perception (OR=1.33, CI = 1.05-1.69) were positively associated with observance of more than one protective measure against COVID-19. Having not more than 12 years of education (OR=0.51, CI=0.32-0.81) was negatively associated with observance of more than one protective behaviour. High risk perception (OR=1.82; CI=1.42-2.34), having not more than 12 years of education (OR=1.73; CI= 1.13-2.64), and being employed (OR =1.29; CI=1.01-1.64) were positively associated with anxiety. Being aged 25-34 years (OR=0.34; CI =0.12-0.94) and being aged 35-54 years (OR=0.30; CI=0.10-0.85) were found to be protective against developing COVID-19- related anxiety.Conclusions: This study showed that risk perception has influence on both anxiety and observance of protective behaviours. Being a novel experience, this research has implications to support current and future response to a pandemic experience.
Bacterial Contaminants and Antibiogram of Ghana paper currency notes in circulation and its associated Health risks in Asante-Mampong, Ghana
Authors: Yar Denis Dekugmen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transmission of pathogens through currency notes has become very relevant in today’s world due to Covid-19 pandemic. This study profiled microbial flora and their antibiotics activities from Ghana paper currency (GH¢) notes in circulation in Mampong Municipal of Ashanti Region, Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional design to assess bacterial contaminants and their antibiotics activities from January to May 2019. A total of 70 GH¢ notes consisting of 15 each of GH₵1, GH₵2, and GH₵5; 10 each of GH₵10 and GH₵20 and 5 of GH₵50 were randomly sampled from persons at different shops, canteens and commercial drivers. The surfaces of each GH¢ note were gently swabbed and a ten-fold serial dilutions made inoculated on Plate Count Agar (PCA), MacConkey Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar and Desoxycholate Citrate Agar. The study used appropriate laboratory and biochemical tests for bacteria identification. SPSS-IBM version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Of the 70 GH¢ notes studied, 97.1% were contaminated with one or more bacterial isolates. Mean counts on PCA ranged between 3.2 cfu/ml x 105 and 4.7 cfu/ml x 105 on GH¢ notes. Of 124 bacteria isolated; 34(27.4%), 30(24.2%), 22(17.7%), 17(13.7%), and 8(6.5%) were from GH¢1, GH¢2, GH¢10, GH¢5, GH¢20 and GH¢50 respectively [p<0.05]. Bacterial isolates were; Escherichia coli (28.23%), Staphylococcus auerus (16.94%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16.13%), Klebsiella species (11.29%), Salmonella species (9.68%), Shigella species (8.87%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.65%), and Proteus species (3.23%). GH¢ notes had 25.81%, 20.16%, 19.35%, 17.74% and 16.94% from meat shops, commercial drivers, canteens, grocery shops, and vegetable shops in that order. All bacteria were 100% resistant to erythromycin, 87.5% to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole; 75% to vancomycin while 87.50% sensitive to amikacin. The GH¢ notes were heavily colonized with potential pathogens which are resistant to most commonly used antibiotics and could pose health threat to users during commercial transactions.
Patterns of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 carriers manifest multiscale association between urban landscape morphology and human activity
Authors: Cotlier Gabriel I. , Lehahn Yoav , Chelouche Doron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the drastic measures taken to mitigate its spread through imposed social distancing, have brought forward the need to better understand the underlying factors controlling spatial distribution of human activities promoting disease transmission. Focusing on results from 17,250 epidemiological investigations performed during early stages of the pandemic outbreak in Israel, we show that the distribution of carriers of the respiratory severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, is spatially correlated with two satellite-derived surface metrics: night light intensity and landscape patchiness, the latter being a measure to the urban landscape’s scale-dependent spatial heterogeneity. We find that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 carriers was significantly more likely to occur in “patchy” parts of the city, where the urban landscape is characterized by high levels of spatial heterogeneity at relatively small scales (~10-100m). We suggest that this spatial association reflects a scale-dependent constraint imposed by the city’s morphology on the cumulative behavior of the people inhabiting it. The presented results shed light on the complex interrelationships between humans and the urban landscape in which they live and interact, and open new avenues for implementation of multi-satellite data in large scale modeling of phenomena centered in urban environments.
Au25: A Tip-enhanced, Spinning Top - Core-Shell? The Brightest Molecular Super Star Among the Nanoclusters, Au21-25(C1)
Authors: Vishwanathan K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The geometries and vibrational frequency of the stable AuN clusters with N = 21 to 25 are presented through the global structure re-optimization study. The finite-differentiation method has been implemented within the density-functionaltight-binding (DFTB) approach. The effect of the range of interatomic forces was calculated and the desired set of system eigenfrequencies (3N-6) is obtained by diagonalization of the symmetric positive semidefinite Hessian matrix. We have observed the vibrational spectral ranges of between 2.88 and 328.25 cm-1 Δ E=0, and even the minute details of the very lower frequencies were occupied in some clusters at the beginning of NVM itself which comes even below the scale of Far Infrared FIR, IR-C 200-10 cm-1. Significantly, some of the clusters spectrums are with double state degeneracy and the rest of them are having single state degeneracy. Nevertheless, our investigation has revealed that the vibrational spectrum strongly depends upon the size, shape, and structure, as well as, stretching and bending vibrations of the atoms.
The Landscape of Subcellular Long Non-coding RNAs Links Organelle Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Sang Ling-jie , Ju Huai-Qiang , Yang Zuo-zhen , Ge Qi-wei , Zhang Zhen , Liu Fang-zhou , Yang Luo-jia , Gong Hang-di , Shi Chengyu , Qu Lei , Chen Hui , Wu Min-jie , Chen Hao , Li Rui-hua , Zhuang Qian-qian , Piao Hai-long , Yan Qingfeng , Yu Weishi , Wang Liang-jing , Shao Jianzhong , Liu Jian , Wang Wenqi , Zhou Tianhua , Lin Aifu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Organelles entail specialized molecules to regulate their essential cellular processes. However, systematically elucidating the subcellular distribution of functional molecules such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tissue homeostasis and diseases has not been fully achieved. Here, we characterized the organelle-associated lncRNAs from mitochondria, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively, and revealed the diverse and abundant distribution of lncRNAs. Among them, we identified mitochondrial lncRNA Growth-Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) as a tumor suppressor in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. Mechanistically, energy stress-induced GAS5 modulated mitochondria TCA flux by declining metabolic tandem association of FH-MDH2-CS, the canonical members of the TCA cycle. Remarkably, the expression of GAS5 negatively related with levels of its associated mitochondrial metabolic enzymes and breast cancer development. Together with the detailed functional annotations, this subcellular lncRNA identification revealed the human cell’s inquisitively complex architecture, aiding in the development of new strategies for the clinical application of organelle-associated lncRNAs.
ADUBAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA ASSOCIADA A ADUBAÇÃO QUÍMICA NOS PARÂMETROS DE SOLO, NUTRICIONAL E PRODUTIVO DO MILHO
Authors: Pinheiro Rodrigo Caixeta , Pereira Jéssica de Lima , Rezende Cláudia Fabiana Alves 
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a possibilidade de redução da adubação com o uso de biofertilizante e sua influência nas características químicas do solo, na nutrição foliar e na produtividade na cultura do milho. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Unidade Experimental da UniEvangélica, no município de Anápolis, GO. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram T1: sem adubação química (testemunha); T2: 50% da adubação; T3: 75% da adubação e T4: 100% da adubação NPK (400 kg ha-1 05-25-15 + 222 kg ha-1 uréia em cobertura). Todos os tratamentos receberam a aplicação de 150 L ha-1 de fertilizante biológico. Procedeu-se à análise de variância, comparando-se as médias dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo, nutricionais da planta e produção pelo teste de Tukey e as doses de NPK por análise de regressão. A aplicação do biofertilizante permite melhorar o estado nutricional e produtivo da cultura do milho com reflexos positivos na melhora da fertilidade do solo. A adubação biológica com utilização do biofertilizante apresenta-se como uma alternativa a redução no uso de adubação química a partir do segundo ano de uso em áreas de plantio direto. Novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de verificar se o uso contínuo promove melhoras gradativas na fertilidade dos solos do Cerrado.
Hydroxylpyromorphite, a mineral important to lead remediation: Modern description and characterization
Authors: Olds Travis A. , Kampf Anthony R. , Rakovan John F. , Burns Peter C. , Mills Owen P. , Laughlin-Yurs Cullen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydroxylpyromorphite, Pb5(PO4)3(OH), has been documented in the literature as a synthetic and naturally occurring phase for some time but has not previously been formally described as a mineral. It is fully described here for the first time using crystals collected underground in the Copps mine, Gogebic County, Michigan. Hydroxylpyromorphite occurs as aggregates of randomly oriented hexagonal prisms, primarily between about 20–35 μm in length and 6–10 μm in diameter. The mineral is colorless and translucent with vitreous luster and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ~3½–4; the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular, and indistinct cleavage was observed on {001}. Electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Pb4.97(PO4)3(OH0.69F0.33Cl0.06)Σ1.08. The calculated density using the measured composition is 7.32 g/cm3. Powder X-ray diffraction data for the type material is compared to data previously reported for hydroxylpyromorphite from the talc mine at Rabenwald, Austria, and from Whytes Cleuch, Wanlockhead, Scotland. Hydroxylpyromorphite is hexagonal, P63/m, at 100 K, a = 9.7872(14), c = 7.3070(10) Å, V = 606.16(19) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure [R1 = 0.0181 for 494 F&gt;4σ(F) reflections] reveals that hydroxylpyromorphite adopts a column anion arrangement distinct from other members of the apatite supergroup due to the presence of fluorine and steric constraints imposed by stereoactive lone-pair electrons of Pb2+ cations. The F– anion sites are displaced slightly from hydroxyl oxygen anions, which allows for stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions that may in turn stabilize the observed column-anion arrangement and overall structure. Our modern characterization of hydroxylpyromorphite provides deeper understanding to a mineral useful for remediation of lead-contaminated water.