bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the supervisory system in elderly subjects with and without disinhibition
Authors: Gokalsing E , Robert P.H. , Lafont V , Medecin I , Baudu C , Boyer P , Pringuey D , Darcourt G 
Published: July 2002

Disinhibition and irritability, defined as loss of behavioral and emotional control, are frequent in the elderly. The working hypothesis for this study was that these disorders are associated with a cognitive alteration of control processes that manifests as non-routine behavior because of the dysfunction of a general executive component known as the supervisory attentional system (SAS).MethodsA total of 28 elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment were recruited and divided into two groups using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Fourteen subjects were allocated to the disinhibited group and 14 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level formed a disinhibition-free control group. The neuropsychological battery included the following tests: Mini Mental Score Evaluation, Boston Naming test, Token test, Trail Making and Verbal Fluency. Two tasks were specifically designed to stress the SAS: 1) A specific verbal sentence arrangement task in which subjects had to use sequential reasoning with verbal material. Each test sequence consisted of a series of words shown in jumbled order. The construction of some sequences had to be done by using familiar routine associations (valid conditions). In contrast, other sequences required the overriding selection of familiar routine associations, which were inappropriate within the general context of the task (invalid conditions). 2) Using the Continuous Performance Test, four aspects were evaluated: sustained, selective, preparation and suppressive attention.ResultsThe only group differences in neuropsychological test results were the following: 1) the sentence arrangement task. In comparison with the control group, the disinhibited group was impaired in invalid conditions and the calculated difference between the number of correct responses in invalid conditions minus that in valid conditions was significantly higher; and 2) the CPT. Disinhibited subjects had a significantly lower number of hits, exclusively in the ‘suppressive attention’ paradigm.These results suggest that subjects with disinhibition have impaired supervisory system function.
Methodological considerations and empirical data to the onset of efficacy of antidepressants and to the prediction of therapy outcome
Authors: Müller H , Möller H.J. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIs the onset of efficacy of antidepressants always delayed and which early clinical signs predict final outcome of therapy ? Our analyses show that strict response criteria produce necessarily later onset estimations rather than less strict ones. In two large-scale clinical samples we compared different estimation methods of the day of onset. Patients' direct ratings produced the earliest onset estimations. Because of the strong dependency of onset estimations on measurement methods, we argue that it is still open to debate, in which degree drug response is delayed. Concerning early clinical signs of final outcome we compared early changes of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) items with several measures of final outcome. From the data we analyzed, there are no sufficiently precise signs of final outcome within the first 2 weeks of therapy.
Higher Checkpoint Inhibitor Arthritis Disease Activity may be Associated With Cancer Progression: Results From an Observational Registry
Authors: Chan Karmela Kim , Tirpack Aidan , Vitone Gregory , Benson Caroline , Nguyen Joseph , Ghosh Nilasha , Jannat‐Khah Deanna , Bykerk Vivian , Bass Anne R. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo describe clinical features associated with cancer outcomes of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐associated arthritis.MethodsObservational study of patients with ICI‐arthritis enrolled in a single‐center registry. Arthritis phenotype and activity, medications, and cancer status were recorded at every visit. We used descriptive statistic, and Kaplan‐Meier curves using two‐sided log‐rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with cancer progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsForty‐two patients with ICI‐arthritis were followed for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 7.4 (1.7, 14.7) months. Fifty‐seven percent were female, 33% had melanoma, and 69% received anti–programmed death ligand 1 monotherapy. Median time from ICI initiation to arthritis onset was 2.8 (0.8, 11.2) months. Sixty‐two percent had a rheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐like small‐joint presentation; 27% of all patients were rheumatoid factor and/or cyclic citrullinated peptide positive. Median (IQR) Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) on presentation was 15 (8, 24); 62% required systemic glucocorticoids, 55% required disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and 69% had ongoing arthritis at 6 months. Arthritis led to ICI discontinuation in five patients. In univariate analysis, baseline CDAI, DMARD use, earlier arthritis onset, and longer duration of follow‐up were associated with shorter PFS. In multivariable Cox regression analysis controlling for DMARD use and time to arthritis onset, CDAI was a significant predictor of cancer progression (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00‐1.19, P = 0.05)ConclusionICI‐arthritis most commonly presents with an RA‐like phenotype. High disease activity, as measured by CDAI, may portend cancer progression.
Continuous Synthesis of Hollow High‐Entropy Nanoparticles for Energy and Catalysis Applications
Authors: Wang Xizheng , Dong Qi , Qiao Haiyu , Huang Zhennan , Saray Mahmoud Tamadoni , Zhong Geng , Lin Zhiwei , Cui Mingjin , Brozena Alexandra , Hong Min , Xia Qinqin , Gao Jinlong , Chen Gang , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Wang Dunwei , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMixing multimetallic elements in hollow‐structured nanoparticles is a promising strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient and cost‐effective catalysts. However, the synthesis of multimetallic hollow nanoparticles is limited to two or three elements due to the difficulties in morphology control under the harsh alloying conditions. Herein, the rapid and continuous synthesis of hollow high‐entropy‐alloy (HEA) nanoparticles using a continuous “droplet‐to‐particle” method is reported. The formation of these hollow HEA nanoparticles is enabled through the decomposition of a gas‐blowing agent in which a large amount of gas is produced in situ to “puff” the droplet during heating, followed by decomposition of the metal salt precursors and nucleation/growth of multimetallic particles. The high active sites per mass ratio of such hollow HEA nanoparticles makes them promising candidates for energy and electrocatalysis applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is demonstrated that these materials can be applied as the cathode catalyst for Li–O2 battery operations with a record‐high current density per catalyst mass loading of 2000 mA gcat.−1, as well as good stability and durable catalytic activity. This work offers a viable strategy for the continuous manufacturing of hollow HEA nanomaterials that can find broad applications in energy and catalysis.
Physiological effects of humic acid in peanut growing in continuous cropping soil
Authors: Li Yan , Fang Feng , Wei Jianlin , Cui Rongzong , Li Guosheng , Zheng Fuli , Tan Deshui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough humic acid has been demonstrated to improve the yield of some crops, the long‐term effects of continuous cropping on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain largely undetermined. In the present study, we aimed to compare the continuous effects of different concentrations of humic acid on the continuously cropped peanut. A 3‐yr experiment was conducted in the North China Plain. Treatments of 50 kg ha−1 (T1), 100 kg ha−1 (T2), and 150 kg ha−1 (T3) humic acid were applied with inorganic fertilizer along with the equal N, P, and K inputs. Compared with the control group, humic acid increased the yield and oxidative stress tolerance of continuously cropped peanut. To elucidate the mechanism, various physiological indicators were evaluated and compared in this study. First, humic acid increased chlorophyll content and the ability to incorporate nutrients, and the maximum effect was achieved by T3 in 2016. Second, the activities of nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase in peanut leaves were significantly increased after humic acid treatment, and the most increase was achieved by T2. Third, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in 2016–2018 by T3, and the same effects were observed in roots and leaves. Fourth, the content of the hormone was changed after humic acid treatment. Collectively, humic acid improved the yield and tolerance of continuously cropped peanut due to the above‐mentioned four reasons, which were conducive to alleviating the obstacles of continuously cropped peanut.
Mental Health Identification Practices of Jails: The Unmet Needs of the “Silent” Population
Authors: Comartin Erin B. , Milanovic Edita , Nelson Victoria , Kubiak Sheryl 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe overrepresentation of individuals with mental illness in the criminal/legal system is well documented. While professional associations urge diversion towards treatment, little is known about the practices these institutions use to identify this population. One understudied space in the criminal/legal continuum is jails. This exploratory study compares two types of mental health identification at jail booking to assess jail‐ and community‐based service outcomes by identification type (N = 2956): (a) staff observation and (b) a standardized screening instrument. Individuals identified through staff observation were significantly more likely to receive jail‐ and community‐based services, even though current symptomology and substance misuse were both significantly higher for individuals identified only by the screening instrument. These findings point to the importance of jails in providing stabilizing services during incarceration, but further, show the impact that identification practices have on individuals as they transition to the community. Community context showed varied rates of jail staff observations of mental illness, showing greater risks for individuals in rural communities. Implications include a need for system‐level changes by instituting evidence‐based identification practices in jails, and improving professional collaboration practices between mental health and criminal/legal practitioners as individuals enter and exit jails.
Disparities in the usage of maternity leave according to occupation, race/ethnicity, and education
Authors: Hawkins Devan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnlike almost all other countries, the United States does not mandate paid maternity leave for mothers. Lack of access to maternity leave may be a risk factor for adverse maternal and child health outcomes. This study sought to assess disparities in the usage of maternity leave according to maternal occupation, race/ethnicity, and education, and to explore the relationships between these factors.MethodsWe used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from the years 2016 and 2017. We calculated the prevalence of usage of maternity leave and paid maternity leave according to the mother's age, race/ethnicity, education, state, and occupation. We constructed regression models to explore the bivariate and mutually adjusted associations between these factors and usage of maternal leave.ResultsUsage of maternity leave and paid maternity leave were estimated at 89.3% and 49.0%, respectively. Usage of paid maternity leave was lower in younger mothers, in Black and Hispanic mothers, and in mothers with fewer years of education. Workers in several occupations, including building and grounds cleaning and maintenance, personal care, and food preparation and serving, used maternity leave at rates significantly lower than the average of all workers. Adjustment for education and occupation reduced, but did not obviate, racial/ethnic differentials in usage of paid maternity leave.ConclusionsThere are substantial differentials in usage of maternity leave. Further research could examine whether these differences contribute to disparities in maternal and child health outcomes.
Directing the Rate‐Enhancement for Hydronium Ion Catalyzed Dehydration via Organization of Alkanols in Nanoscopic Confinements
Authors: Shetty Manish , Wang Huamin , Chen Feng , Jaegers Nicholas , Liu Yue , Camaioni Donald M. , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlkanol dehydration rates catalyzed by hydronium ions are enhanced by the dimensions of steric confinements of zeolite pores as well as by intraporous intermolecular interactions with other alkanols. The higher rates with zeolite MFI having pores smaller than those of zeolite BEA for dehydration of secondary alkanols, 3‐heptanol and 2‐methyl‐3‐hexanol, is caused by the lower activation enthalpy in the tighter confinements of MFI that offsets a less positive activation entropy. The higher activity in BEA than in MFI for dehydration of a tertiary alkanol, 2‐methyl‐2‐hexanol, is primarily attributed to the reduction of the activation enthalpy by stabilizing intraporous interactions of the Cβ‐H transition state with surrounding alcohol molecules. Overall, we show that the positive impact of zeolite confinements results from the stabilization of transition state provided by the confinement and intermolecular interaction of alkanols with the transition state, which is impacted by both the size of confinements and the structure of alkanols in the E1 pathway of dehydration.
Metallo‐Helicoid with Double Rims: Polymerization Followed by Folding by Intramolecular Coordination
Authors: Yin Guang‐Qiang , Kandapal Sneha , Liu Chung‐Hao , Wang Heng , Huang Jianxiang , Jiang Shu‐Ting , Ji Tan , Yan Yu , Khalife Sandra , Zhou Ruhong , Ye Libin , Xu Bingqian , Yang Hai‐Bo , Nieh Mu‐Ping , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we established a feasible strategy to construct a new type of metallo‐polymer with helicoidal structure through the combination of covalent polymerization and intramolecular coordination‐driven self‐assembly. In the design, a tetratopic monomer (M) was prepared with two terminal alkynes in the outer rim for polymerization, and two terpyridines (TPYs) in the inner rim for subsequent folding by selective intramolecular coordination. Then, the linear covalent polymer (P) was synthesized by polymerization of M via Glaser‐Hay homocoupling reaction. Finally, intramolecular coordination interactions between TPYs and Zn(II) folded the backbone of P into a right‐ or left‐handed metallo‐helicoid (H) with double rims. Owing to multiple positive charges on the inner rim of helicoid, double‐stranded DNA molecules (dsDNA) could interact with H through electrostatic interactions. Remarkably, dsDNA allowed exclusive formation of H with right handedness by means of chiral induction.
Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production
Authors: Xiong Likun , Zhang Xiang , Yuan Hao , Wang Juan , Yuan Xuzhou , Lian Yuebin , Jin Huidong , Sun Hao , Deng Zhao , Wang Dan , Hu Jiapeng , Hu Huimin , Choi Jinho , Li Jiong , Chen Yufeng , Zhong Jun , Guo Jun , Rümmerli Mark H. , Xu Lai , Peng Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into high‐value multicarbon (C2+) chemical feedstocks offers a promising avenue to liberate the chemical industry from fossil‐resource dependence and eventually close the anthropogenic carbon cycle but is severely impeded by the lack of high‐performance catalysts. To break the linear scaling relationship of intermediate binding and minimize the kinetic barrier of CO2 reduction reactions, ternary Cu–Au/Ag nanoframes were fabricated to decouple the functions of CO generation and C−C coupling, whereby the former is promoted by the alloyed Ag/Au substrate and the latter is facilitated by the highly strained and positively charged Cu domains. Thus, C2H4 production in an H‐cell and a flow cell occurred with high Faradic efficiencies of 69±5 and 77±2 %, respectively, as well as good electrocatalytic stability and material durability. In situ IR and DFT calculations unveiled two competing pathways for C2H4 generation, of which direct CO dimerization is energetically favored.
Fragment Binding to Kinase Hinge: If Charge Distribution and Local pKa Shifts Mislead Popular Bioisosterism Concepts
Authors: Oebbeke Matthias , Siefker Christof , Wagner Björn , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedicinal‐chemistry optimization follows strategies replacing functional groups and attaching larger substituents at a promising lead scaffold. Well‐established bioisosterism rules are considered, however, it is difficult to estimate whether the introduced modifications really match the required properties at a binding site. The electron density distribution and pKa values are modulated influencing protonation states and bioavailability. Considering the adjacent H‐bond donor/acceptor pattern of the hinge binding motif in a kinase, we studied by crystallography a set of fragments to map the required interaction pattern. Unexpectedly, benzoic acid and benzamidine, decorated with the correct substituents, are totally bioisosteric just as carboxamide and phenolic OH. A mono‐dentate pyridine nitrogen out‐performs bi‐dentate functionalities. The importance of correctly designing pKa values of attached functional groups by additional substituents at the parent scaffold is rendered prominent.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal decomposition kinetics of copper hydroxide sulfate (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6) synthesized by chemical precipitation method
Authors: Güner Eda Keleş , Kancan Duygu , Naktiyok Jale , Özer Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, copper hydroxide sulfate (Cu4(OH)6SO4) was synthesized by chemical precipitation using CuSO4 as the precursor material and the first time borax as basic precipitating agent. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The decomposition kinetics of Cu4(OH)6SO4 were examined by the thermoanalytical procedures. It was obtained from TG‐DTG data that Cu4(OH)6SO4 has two‐region decomposition at elevated temperatures. Kinetic parameters of these regions were calculated by using both the model‐fitting and model‐free methods. In the decomposition of copper hydroxy sulfate, the mean activation energy for first region was calculated as 90.88 kJ mol−1 from KAS method and 91.47 kJ mol−1 from FWO method. The mean activation energy for the second region was 207.20 kJ mol−1 from KAS and 213.34 kJ mol−1 from FWO. The activation energies for first and second regions were obtained from Ortega method as 56.3 and 198.3 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Sequence‐Based Screening of Patients With Idiopathic Polyarteritis Nodosa, Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis, and Microscopic Polyangiitis for Deleterious Genetic Variants in ADA2
Authors: Schnappauf Oskar , Sampaio Moura Natalia , Aksentijevich Ivona , Stoffels Monique , Ombrello Amanda K. , Hoffmann Patrycja , Barron Karyl , Remmers Elaine F. , Hershfield Michael , Kelly Susan J. ,   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Chung Sharon A. , Forbess Lindsy , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , McAlear Carol A. , Monach Paul A. , Moreland Larry , Pagnoux Christian , Seo Philip , Springer Jason M. , Sreih Antoine G. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Kastner Daniel L. , Grayson Peter C. , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveDeficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic form of vasculitis that can resemble polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This study was undertaken to identify potential disease‐causing sequence variants in ADA2 in patients with idiopathic PAN, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).MethodsPatients with idiopathic PAN (n = 118) and patients with GPA or MPA (n = 1,107) were screened for rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2 using DNA sequencing methods. ADA‐2 enzyme activity was assessed in selected serum samples.ResultsNine of 118 patients with PAN (7.6%) were identified as having rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2. Four patients (3.4%) were biallelic for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, and 5 patients (4.2%) were monoallelic carriers for 3 variants of uncertain significance and 2 likely pathogenic variants. Serum samples from 2 patients with PAN with biallelic variants were available and showed markedly reduced ADA‐2 enzyme activity. ADA‐2 enzyme testing of 86 additional patients revealed 1 individual with strongly reduced ADA‐2 activity without detectable pathogenic variants. Patients with PAN and biallelic variants in ADA2 were younger at diagnosis than patients with 1 or no variant in ADA2, with no other clinical differences noted. None of the patients with GPA or MPA carried biallelic variants in ADA2.ConclusionA subset of patients with idiopathic PAN meet genetic criteria for DADA2. Given that tumor necrosis factor inhibition is efficacious in DADA2 but is not conventional therapy for PAN, these findings suggest that ADA‐2 testing should strongly be considered in patients with hepatitis B virus–negative idiopathic PAN.
The effects of environmental, social and governance disclosure on the cost of capital in small and medium enterprises: The role of family business status
Authors: Gjergji Rafaela , Vena Luigi , Sciascia Salvatore , Cortesi Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure has become a critical component of corporate reporting. However, the effectiveness of this type of disclosure remains poorly explored among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), despite the fact that these businesses represent the majority of firms around the world. By leveraging on a dataset of Italian listed SMEs, we fill this gap to shed new light on the effects of nonfinancial disclosure on the cost of capital. The study reveals that, in stark contrast with the evidence on large companies, environmental disclosure for SMEs is bound to provoke an increase in the cost of capital. Yet this pattern is capsized when the company is a family SME, as it benefits from environmental disclosure, as large companies do.
Regulation of the Peroxidase‐Like Activity of nGO, MoS2 and WS2 Nanozymes by Using Metal Cations
Authors: Nandu Nidhi , Smith Christopher W. , Kachwala Mahera J. , Yigit Mehmet V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo dimensional nanoparticles (2D‐NPs) along with other nanoscale materials have been deemed to be the next generation of artificial enzymes (nanozymes). The low‐cost bulk‐scale production, ease of storage and modification of such nanomaterials have given nanozymes an advantage over traditional enzymes. Many studies have been aimed at developing methods to increase the performance of these nanozymes, and also identify interfering agents. To investigate the interference of a number of metal cations, we studied the effect of Ti2+, Fe2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ in a nanozyme assays of 2D‐NPs using ABTS radical formation. Ti2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions did not display any notable effect on the peroxidase‐like activity of nGO, MoS2 and WS2 2D‐NPs. However, Fe2+, Ag+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions’ effects on the overall ABTS reaction were significant enough to be visualised by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). We report that, similar to that of many natural enzymes, the nanozyme activity of 2D‐NPs is regulated by a number of metal cations allowing their identification and discrimination by using a statistical analysis tool.