bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Manifestations of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Micheletti Robert G. , Chiesa Fuxench Zelma , Craven Anthea , Watts Richard A. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Merkel Peter A. ,   the DCVAS Investigators
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveCutaneous manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV), including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), are poorly characterized. This report describes the dermatologic features of AAV and their association with systemic manifestations of vasculitis.MethodsA cross‐sectional study identifying and comparing the cutaneous manifestations of AAV was performed using data from a large, international, collaborative effort in order to collect comprehensive clinical data on patients with vasculitis.ResultsData from 1,184 patients with AAV from 130 centers worldwide were available. Cutaneous manifestations were common in all AAV subtypes: GPA (223 of 656, or 34%), MPA (85 of 302, or 28%), and EGPA (106 of 226, or 47%). The most frequent cutaneous manifestation in AAV (all types) was petechiae/purpura, which was observed in 181 patients (15%). Allergic and nonspecific manifestations, such as pruritus, urticaria, and maculopapular rash, were more common in EGPA than in other disease subtypes (all P < 0.01). Skin biopsy, while underutilized (performed in 22–44% of patients), was frequently found to be an effective test suitable for diagnosis of AAV (diagnostic in 68–94% of patients). Compared to patients without cutaneous manifestations, those with skin lesions more frequently had severe systemic manifestations of vasculitis (such as alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis), specifically patients with GPA or EGPA and cytoplasmic/anti–proteinase 3 (anti‐PR3) ANCA–positive or ANCA‐negative patients (hazard ratio >1.9 for all), but not those with MPA or perinuclear/antimyeloperoxidase ANCAs.ConclusionCutaneous manifestations are common and varied in AAV and are associated with disease severity in patients with GPA, EGPA, cytoplasmic/anti‐PR3 ANCA, or ANCA‐negative disease. These findings underscore the potential diagnostic and prognostic importance of the cutaneous examination in the evaluation and management of AAV.
Large‐scale Two‐dimensional MoSx Catalyst Prepared under Mild Conditions for Enhancing Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Li Lihong , Chen Binda , Qian Cuncun , Li Zheng , Su Meng , Song Yanlin , Xing Xianran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an electrocatalyst with abundant resources and great potential, molybdenum disulfide is regarded as one of the most likely alternatives to expensive noble‐metals catalysts. However, it is still a challenge to achieve large scale production of few‐layer MoS2 with enhancing activity of electrocatalytic hydrogen reaction at ambient conditions. Herein, we developed a simple environmentally friendly two‐step method, which included intercalation reaction and a subsequent electrochemical reduction reaction for mass preparation of defect‐rich desulfurized MoSx (D−MoSx) nanosheets with plentiful sulfur vacancies. The ratio of sulfur‐molybdenum atoms can be adjusted from 2 : 1 to 1.4 : 1 by regulating the desulfurization voltage. It was found that the HER catalytic activity of the D−MoSx was enhanced compared with that of pristine MoS2 (P−MoS2), the current density of D−MoSx (desulfurization at −1.0 V) at −0.3 V versus RHE was about 169% of the P−MoS2, and the Tafel slope decreased to 136 mV dec−1. This method can be widely applied to large‐scale preparation of other two‐dimensional materials.
Screening and molecular characterization of new thermo‐ and ethanol‐tolerant Acetobacter malorum strains isolated from two biomes Moroccan cactus fruits
Authors: Es‐sbata Ikram , Lakhlifi Tarik , Yatim Meriem , El‐Abid Hassan , Belhaj Abdelhaq , Hafidi Majida , Zouhair Rachid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndustrially, the sensitivity of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to the high temperatures and the high ethanol concentrations is the major concerns for manufacturers. This study was conceived and designed to isolate and identify new thermo‐ and ethanol‐tolerant AAB from Opuntia ficus‐indica L. fruits.As a result, among 140 isolated bacterial strains, five selected strains (CR1, CR5, CR23, CZ2, and CZ15) exhibited important acetic acid production until 40 °C. The use of 16S rDNA gene analysis was insufficient to identify selected bacteria. Indeed, except CR5 that presented 100% similarity to A. cerevisiae, the other strains presented similar homology rates simultaneously to the 16S rDNA sequences of A. cerevisiae and A. malorum. The reidentification by 16S‐23S rDNA gene sequencing showed that CR1, CR23, and CZ15 were A. malorum, which were shown tolerance to the highest concentration of ethanol (12%) and produced elevated amount (40 g/L) of acetic acid at 37 °C.In summary, we showed the thermotolerance and ethanol tolerant character of new A. malorum strains, which can be used as a starter for vinegar production. Furthermore, during the molecular characterization of the isolated strains, we concluded that 16S‐23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence is of great importance for discriminating between AAB species as a complement to the identification by 16S rDNA sequencing.
Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID‐19
Authors: Yong Suh Kuan , Su Ping‐Chia , Yang Yuh‐Shyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pandemic outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), spread all over the world in a short period of time. Efficient identification of the infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 has been one of the most important tasks to facilitate all the following counter measurements in dealing with the infectious disease. In Taiwan, a COVID‐19 Open Science Platform adheres to the spirit of open science: sharing sources, data, and methods to promote progress in academic research while corroborating findings from various disciplines has established in mid‐February 2020, for collaborative research in support of the development of detection methods, therapeutics, and a vaccine for COVID‐19. Research priorities include infection control, epidemiology, clinical characterization and management, detection methods (including viral RNA detection, viral antigen detection, and serum antibody detection), therapeutics (neutralizing antibody and small molecule drugs), vaccines, and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. In addition, research on social ethics and the law are included to take full account of the impact of the COVID‐19 virus.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Novel α‐(Diphenylphosphoryl)‐ and α‐(Diphenylphosphorothioyl)cycloalkanone Oximes
Authors: Jebli Nejib , Hamimed Selma , Van Hecke Kristof , Cavalier Jean‐François , Touil Soufiane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of novel α‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐ and α‐(diphenylphosphorothioyl)cycloalkanone oximes have been synthesized in search for novel bioactive molecules. Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods including IR, NMR (1H, 31P, 13C), mass spectrometry and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The newly synthesized phosphorus‐containing oximes were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata). The biological assays showed that all the studied compounds exhibited high antibacterial and antifungal activities at only 0.1–2.1 μg/mL. In silico molecular docking studies in FabH enzyme active site were performed in order to predict the possible interaction modes and binding energies of the drug candidates at the molecular level.
Panta rhei, also drug eluting stent technology
Authors: Chiarito Mauro , Mehran Roxana 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
The Resolute zotarolimus eluting stent (ZES) is a next‐generation durable polymer, thin‐struts drug eluting stent. Although several randomized and observational studies have proven its safety and efficacy, long‐term follow‐up data are still limited.
This prospective, multicenter, single arm study, showed favorable 5‐year outcomes in patients undergoing Resolute ZES implantation, with considerably low rate of repeated revascularization and stent thrombosis.
Data on long‐term performance of next‐generation drug eluting stents are of paramount importance to adequately inform decision‐making in contemporary clinical practice.
Stenting in unprotected left main coronary stenosis—“What no progress”?
Authors: Tommaso Carl L. 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
There does not appear to be a difference in patient outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis whether using first‐ or second‐generation drug elutting stent.
This is despite increase in patients having more adjunctive procedures such as intravascular imaging and newer generation antiplatelet agents.
This single‐center study provokes questions as to why there has not been improvement in outcomes.
Biomimetic Gemcitabine–Lipid Prodrug Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Bulanadi Jerikho C. , Xue Aiqun , Gong Xiaojuan , Bean Penelope A. , Julovi Sohel M. , de Campo Liliana , Smith Ross C. , Moghaddam Minoo J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGemcitabine (Gem) is a key drug for pancreatic cancer, yet limited by high systemic toxicity, low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. To overcome these limitations, Gem prodrug amphiphiles were synthesised with oleyl, linoleyl and phytanyl chains. Self‐assembly and lyotropic mesophase behaviour of these amphiphiles were examined using polarised optical microscopy and Synchrotron SAXS (SSAXS). Gem‐phytanyl was found to form liquid crystalline inverse cubic mesophase. This prodrug was combined with phospholipids and cholesterol to create biomimetic Gem‐lipid prodrug nanoparticles (Gem‐LPNP), verified by SSAXS and cryo‐TEM to form liposomes. In vitro testing of the Gem‐LPNP in several pancreatic cancer cell lines showed lower toxicity than Gem. However, in a cell line‐derived pancreatic cancer mouse model Gem‐LPNP displayed greater tumour growth inhibition than Gem using a fraction (<6 %) of the clinical dose and without any systemic toxicity. The easy production, improved efficacy and low toxicity of Gem‐LPNP represents a promising new nanomedicine for pancreatic cancer.
High dispersal capacity and biogeographic breaks shape the genetic diversity of a globally distributed reef‐dwelling calcifier
Authors: Prazeres Martina , Morard Raphaël , Roberts T. Edward , Doo Steve S. , Jompa Jamaluddin , Schmidt Christiane , Stuhr Marleen , Renema Willem , Kucera Michal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the role of dispersal and adaptation in the evolutionary history of marine species is essential for predicting their response to changing conditions. We analyzed patterns of genetic differentiation in the key tropical calcifying species of large benthic foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera to reveal the evolutionary processes responsible for its biogeographic distribution. We collected specimens from 16 sites encompassing the entire range of the species and analyzed hypervariable fragments of the 18S SSU rDNA marker. We identified six hierarchically organized genotypes with mutually exclusive distribution organized along a longitudinal gradient. The distribution is consistent with diversification occurring in the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) followed by dispersal toward the periphery. This pattern can be explained by: (a) high dispersal capacity of the species, (b) habitat heterogeneity driving more recent differentiation in the IWP, and (c) ecological‐scale processes such as niche incumbency reinforcing patterns of genotype mutual exclusion. The dispersal potential of this species drives the ongoing range expansion into the Mediterranean Sea, indicating that A. lobifera is able to expand its distribution by tracking increases in temperature. The genetic structure reveals recent diversification and high rate of extinction in the evolutionary history of the clade suggesting a high turnover rate of the diversity at the cryptic level. This diversification dynamic combined with high dispersal potential, allowed the species to maintain a widespread distribution over periods of geological and climatic upheaval. These characteristics are likely to allow the species to modify its geographic range in response to ongoing global warming without requiring genetic differentiation.
Trigger‐dependent differences determine therapeutic outcome in murine primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Gather Ruth , Aichele Peter , Goos Nadja , Rohr Jan , Pircher Hanspeter , Kögl Tamara , Zeiser Robert , Hengel Hartmut , Schmitt‐Gräff Annette , Weaver Casey , Ehl Stephan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome affecting patients with genetic cytotoxicity defects. Perforin‐deficient (PKO) mice recapitulate the full clinical picture of FHL after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Hyperactivated CD8+ T cells and IFN‐γ have been identified as the key drivers of FHL and represent targets for therapeutic interventions. However, the response of patients is variable. This could be due to trigger‐dependent differences in pathogenesis, which is difficult to address in FHL patients, since the trigger frequently escapes detection. We established an alternative FHL model using intravenous infection of PKO mice with murine CMV (MCMV)Smith. PKO mice developed acute FHL after both infections and fulfilled HLH diagnostic criteria accompanied by excessive IFN‐γ production by disease‐inducing T cells, that enrich in the BM. However, direct comparison of the two infection models disclosed trigger‐dependence of FHL progression and revealed a higher contribution of CD4 T cells and NK cells to IFN‐γ production after MCMV infection. Importantly, therapeutic intervention by IFN‐γ neutralization or CD8+ T‐cell depletion had less benefit in MCMV‐triggered FHL compared to LCMV‐triggered FHL, likely due to MCMV‐induced cytopathology. Thus, the context of the specific triggering viral infection can impact the success of targeted immunotherapeutic HLH control.
Lipids Analysis and Rapid Identification of Cod Products
Authors: Feng Heng , Huang Xue , Tai Jingjing , Liang Xinle , Zhang Fuming , Zhang Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, fatty acid analysis and lipid nutrition assessment of five common cod products from fishery markets are performed by gas chromatography (GC). Meanwhile, a lipid‐based rapid identification method for cod products using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) is established. GC analysis showed that 13, 11, 13, 13, and 6 types of fatty acids are identified in Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, sablefish, silver cod, and oilfish, respectively. The nutrition assessment shows that Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, sablefish, and silver cod have healthier atherogenicity index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI), suggesting these four types of fish have higher nutritive value. In terms of the fatty acid, the five species of fish can be classified by systematic clustering and heat map analysis. The TLC‐rapid lipid identification method shows that sablefish and silver cod contain characteristic triglyceride, and oilfish contains characteristic wax ester, which are obviously different from the Atlantic cod and the Pacific cod. The oilfish could be distinguished from the high nutritive value of sablefish, silver cod, Atlantic cod, and Pacific cod by the rapid identification method in a few minutes. This study provides important nutritional information and a method for rapid identification of cod products.
High‐repetition‐rate source delivering optical pulse trains with a controllable level of amplitude and temporal jitters
Authors: Andral Ugo , Finot Christophe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe theoretically propose and numerically validate an all‐optical scheme to generate optical pulse trains with varying peak‐powers and durations. A shaping of the spectral phase thanks to discrete π/2 phase shifts enables an efficient phase‐to‐intensity conversion of a temporal phase modulation based on a two‐tone sinusoidal beating. Experiments carried out at telecommunication wavelengths and at a repetition rate of 10 GHz confirm the ability of our approach to efficiently generate a train made of pulses with properties that vary from pulse‐to‐pulse. The levels of jitters can be accurately controlled.
Optimisation of extraction conditions for terpenoids in Schizandra chinensis Baillon using the response surface method
Authors: Yang So‐Jeong , Lee Kwang‐Geun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTerpenoids, which are the major volatile compounds of Schizandra chinensis Baillon (Omija), are the main component of phytoncide. The purpose of the present study was to provide more ways to utilise Omija by optimising terpenoid extraction. The response surface method (RSM) was used to maximise the levels of monoterpene, which has substantial physiological activity and sesquiterpene, which has strong impacts on flavour. Central composite design was used to optimise the extraction pressure (X1: 0.01‐0.1 Mpa), ethanol concentration (X2: 0%‐50%), and sample concentration (X3: 0.01‐0.2 g/mL). Analysis of variance showed that X1, X2 and X3 affected total terpenoid levels (Y1) and monoterpene levels (Y2), whereas only X1 and X3 significantly affected sesquiterpene content (Y3) (P < .05). The optimal conditions based on the individual responses were as follows: Y1 and Y2, X1 = 0.07 Mpa, X2 = 36% and X3 = 0.17 g/mL; Y3, X1 = 0.10 Mpa, X2 = 50% and X3 = 0.20 g/mL.
Effect of Toluene on PEMFC Performance
Authors: Viitakangas J. , Auvinen S. , Costantino M. , Viik S. , Ihonen J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are promising means for hydrogen transportation. They are compatible with existing liquid fuel transport infrastructure and enable for efficient and safe hydrogen storage and transfer over long distances. Toluene and dibenzyltoluene are considered the two most promising LOHCs. Toluene is probably a contaminant found in hydrogen released from these LOHC liquids.The impact of hydrocarbon contaminants on automotive type fuel cells has been analyzed to a limited extent, and a few species only have specific limits (CO, CO2, HCOOH, HCHO, CH4). Currently, hydrocarbons are limited to a total of 2 ppm (methane basis) in the automotive hydrogen fuel standard, ISO 14687:2019. This may lead to strict impurity levels for species from LOHC, and therefore higher costs of hydrogen purification and quality assurance.This work presents contamination studies with toluene. The measurements were conducted using a PEMFC short stack with anode recirculation and with high fuel utilization (98%). The results show no effect or only a small contamination effect with up to 20 ppm toluene, and clear contamination with 50 ppm toluene. This supports the need for more studies so that a separate limit can be defined for toluene in future versions of the ISO 14687.
Development of an Aging Estimation Tool for a PEM Fuel Cell Submitted to a Mission Profile
Authors: Pessot A. , Turpin C. , Jaafar A. , Soyez E. , Rallières O. , d'Arbigny J. , Chadourne N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the presented work is to propose an inventive approach to estimate the aging of a fuel cell submitted to a mission profile. A mission profile can be decomposed in quasi‐static and dynamic sub‐missions. The proposed approach is based on the superposition principle considering that the cell voltage degradation, due to the application of the mission profile, can be determined using the cell voltage degradations experimentally evaluated for all the sub‐missions. In our case, four aging campaigns have been performed: an aging campaign for an aeronautical mission profile and three campaigns for quasi‐static sub‐missions. Each aging campaign consists in around 900 h of profile regularly interrupted to perform characterization phases. The cell voltage degradation attributed to a given solicitation can be estimated using polarization curves carried out during the regular characterization phases, and/or using instantaneous “voltage versus time” curves obtained during the ageing phases. In this paper, results of these campaigns are used to investigate concretely the proposed approach and several examples of application are presented. In all these examples, the results show a good agreement between the experimental cell voltage degradation and the estimated one using superposition principle, attesting of the potential of the proposed approach.
Predicting rehospitalisation in older inpatients with a psychotic disorder
Authors: Kist Nicolien , van den Berg Julia F. , Kok Rob M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to predict rehospitalisation in a psychiatric clinic in older inpatients with a psychotic disorder.Methods/DesignIn this prospective, observational study, all eligible inpatients aged 55 years and over with a primary psychotic disorder, admitted to a specialised ward for older psychotic patients in a large psychiatric inpatient clinic in the Netherlands, were asked to participate. Whether or not patients were rehospitalised and time to rehospitalisation were assessed 1 year after discharge from the ward. We recorded age, gender, living arrangement, psychiatric diagnosis, severity of psychotic symptoms, duration of index episode, age of onset of psychotic disorder, number of previous admissions, involuntary admission and use of depot medication at discharge. All patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment.ResultsOf the 90 patients that were included, 32 (35.6%) had been readmitted within 1 year after discharge. None of the demographic or clinical variables predicted rehospitalisation or the time to rehospitalisation.ConclusionFactors that predict rehospitalisationin younger adult patients with schizophrenia may not predict rehospitalisationin older patients with a psychotic disorder, of which the majority suffered from schizophrenia. We expect that other factors than those investigated may be of greater importance to predict rehospitalisation, as for example social support and coping mechanisms.
Clozapine‐induced agranulocytosis in Japan: Changes in leukocyte/neutrophil counts before and after discontinuation of clozapine
Authors: Matsui Kentaro , Ishibashi Mikiko , Kawano Masahiko , Oshibuchi Hidehiro , Ishigooka Jun , Nishimura Katsuji , Inada Ken 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, background factors, and progression of and recovery from clozapine‐induced agranulocytosis in Japan.MethodsData on treatment‐resistant schizophrenia patients registered with the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS) between July 29, 2009 and January 20, 2016 were extracted. Patients with a neutrophil count <500/mm3 were defined as having agranulocytosis, and those with a leukocyte count <3,000/mm3 or a neutrophil count <1,500/mm3 but not meeting the criteria for agranulocytosis were defined as having leukopenia/neutropenia.ResultsOf 3,746 patients, agranulocytosis and leukopenia/neutropenia were observed in 38 (1.0%) and 182 (4.9%) patients, respectively. Age was significantly higher in the agranulocytosis group (p < .001). Decreased leukocyte counts 1 week prior to discontinuation were observed only in the agranulocytosis group. The median number of days to recovery from agranulocytosis and leukopenia/neutropenia was 10 and 4, respectively, with more variation in the latter.ConclusionsAlthough some patients with leukopenia/neutropenia might carry less pathologic significance, the results of this study reconfirmed the importance of regular blood monitoring for preventing agranulocytosis.