bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussions Between People With Dementia and Care Partners About End-of-Life Care Planning
Authors: Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Ford Cassie , Belanger Emmanuelle , Van Houtven Courtney 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advanced care planning (ACP) leads to better end-of-life (EoL) care. Yet, some care-partners are unaware of the person with dementia’s (PwD) preferences. Care-partners play an important role in urging PwD to consider their EoL care wishes early in their disease course and to document those wishes. However, it is unknown whether discussions between care-partners and PwD are associated with documenting EoL care plans. We apply generalized linear models to baseline data from the CARE-IDEAS study which includes a sample of patients who received an amyloid PET scan and their care-partners (n=1,672). We examine the association between PwD report of having discussed EoL care with their care-partner and PwD report of having documented their plans through an advanced directive, a living will, or designating a health care proxy. PwD who reported speaking with their care-partners about EoL care were 10% (marginal probability (MP) 0.10; 95% CI: 0.8, 0.13) more likely to have documented their EoL care wishes. Furthermore, if PwD and care-partners agreed that they had discussed EoL care, PwD were 7% (MP 0.7; 95% CI 0.04, 0.10) more likely to report that they documented their EoL care plans. The positive association between communicating with care-partners about EoL care and having formal EoL care plans suggests that the ACP process could be a systematic approach to increase the care-partner’s knowledge of PwD EoL wishes. These results also suggest that increasing involvement of care partners in ACP may encourage patients to document their wishes at end of life.
Predictors of Effort-Reward Imbalance Among Employees Providing Three Types of Long-Term Care Services in Japan
Authors: Honda Ayumi , Fauth Elizabeth , Liu Yin , Honda Sumihisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increasingly, employees are leaving their jobs as long-term care workers in Japan. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among employees in long-term care, to better understand factors associated with excessive effort and reduced reward. This cross-sectional study included 944 participants providing three types of long-term care: home-based (n=201), community-based (n=128), and institutional (n=615). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with self-reported ERI, where higher ERI scores indicated greater work-related efforts and lower rewards. Key independent variables included type of occupation, employment status, position, daily working hours, job satisfaction, and annual income. Our results showed that low job satisfaction was the sole common factor associated with ERI in employees across all three types of long-term care. Other predictive factors for ERI differed by type of long-term care services. Working longer hours predicted ERI in community-based and institutional care employees, but not home-based care employees. For institutional care employees, being a care manager, holding a position of department head, having family-related stress were risk factors for ERI, suggesting that in this setting, the rewards of higher income and more prestige in leadership positions are offset by greater work-related demands. In conclusion, factors associated with ERI were both common and distinct among employees providing different types of long-term care services. Adjusting work demands and working hours, and identifying unique contributors to ERI within specific long-term care settings may help with job retention in these occupations.
Health Behaviors and eHealth Literacy Among Older Adults, HINTS 2019
Authors: Sanchez Ruth , Kay Hannah , Srikanth Pooja , Sandow Lyndsey , Zhang Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With rapid shifts in how health information is reported and consumed, providers and patients must consider their electronic or “eHealth” literacy. The purpose of this study was to analyze how older adults (age 60+) seek health information in the context of online and offline resources and how eHealth literacy correlates with health behaviors. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 2,587 U.S. older adults drawn from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) Iteration 5 Cycle 3. Weighted descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the association between CDC-recommended health behavior guidelines on produce consumption and exercise, eHealth literacy, and sociodemographics. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted with STATA 16.0 to assess the relationship between healthy behaviors and eHealth literacy controlling for sociodemographics. The weighted sample reported the following demographic characteristics: average age 71 years (range 60-98), 53.6% female, 73.8% White, 9.7% Black and 8.6% Hispanic. Of older adults, 26.7% performed 2 or more health behaviors regularly. Among older adults, those who have looked up medical information using electronics are 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 2.58) times more likely to meet 2 or more CDC-recommended health behavior guidelines as compared to those that have not, after controlling for survey group, education, race/ethnicity and gender. Access and utilization of online resources among older adults may influence their health behaviors and health outcomes. Providers should consider the eHealth literacy of their older adult patients and direct them to appropriate and reliable online resources.
Stressful Life Events and Inflammation in Midlife: Comparing Associations With suPAR, CRP, and IL-6
Authors: Bourassa Kyle , Rasmussen Line , Moffitt Terrie , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stressful life events are associated with poorer health, but the physiological mechanisms of this association are unclear. One mechanism that might play a role in this association is systemic inflammation. Using participants (n=828) from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, we studied the association of stressful life events and inflammation from age 32 to 45. Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and suPAR. We examined associations between stressful life events and systemic inflammation, as well as whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) moderated these associations. More adult stressful life events were associated with greater suPAR at age 38 (r = 0.12, p &lt; .001) and age 45 (r = 0.19, p &lt; .001). CRP and IL-6 did not evidence consistent associations at age 38 and 45. An increase in suPAR from age 38 to 45 was associated with more stressful life events in the interim, β = 0.10, p = .001. SuPAR at age 45 was independently associated with both childhood ACEs, β = 0.20, p &lt; .001, and adult stressful life events, β = 0.18, p &lt; .001. ACEs significantly moderated the association of stressful life events and suPAR at age 45, β = 0.12, p = .001, such that people with more childhood ACEs evidenced a stronger association between stressful life events and inflammation in midlife. These results were robust to controlling for clinical (sex, body mass, smoking) and childhood covariates (childhood IQ, SES, self-control). Systemic inflammation is one mechanism through which stressful life events could impact health.
Lifestyle Adjustment and Mobility-Related Goal Setting After Driving Cessation With People Living With Dementia
Authors: Scott Theresa , Liddle Jacki , Beattie Elizabeth , Gustafsson Louise , Mitchell Geoffrey , Rooney Donna , Pachana Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Community mobility is an important social determinant of health. For people living with dementia, the forfeiture of a driving licence can signal a loss of independence, limiting access to activities outside of the home. Loss of community connectivity and social participation has a substantial impact on quality of life and may lead to depression and more rapid cognitive decline. This study is focused on a driving cessation intervention that helps people with dementia identify personal goals that are framed around community mobility and adjusting to life without driving. Health professionals work with participants to translate these into specific, practical and achievable outcomes by program end. Participants may nominate more than one goal. This study reports on goal setting and achievement. Using a modified version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure it examines pre- to post-intervention achievement of, and satisfaction with, identified goals for 17 participants living with dementia aged 63-93 (M=75.24, 76% male) from regional and metropolitan Australia. Thematic analysis of clinical interviews and field notes highlighted the range of desired goals, and the challenges posed and problem-solving strategies used in setting realistic, non-driving goals. Significant positive improvements were found across a total of 29 goals for (i) performance t(28) = -10.01, p &lt; .000, and (ii) satisfaction, t(28) = -10.32, p &lt; .000. The implications for practice are that supportive goal-setting of personally relevant objectives and valued activities following driving cessation may be effective in lessening some of the negative effects of giving up driving for people with dementia.
Frailty and Risk of Serious Infections in Biologic-treated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Heien Herbert C , Sangaralingham Lindsey , Shah Nilay D , Lai Jennifer C , Sandborn William J , Moore Alison A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Identifying biologic-treated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) at higher risk of serious infections is a priority. We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating frailty and risk of serious infections in biologic-treated patients with IBD.

Methods
Using an administrative claims database, we identified biologic-treated patients with IBD between 2014 and 2018 with follow-up 1 year before and after treatment initiation. Using a validated claims-based hospital frailty risk scoring system, patients were classified as frail and nonfrail. We compared the risk of serious infections (infections requiring hospitalization) between frail and nonfrail patients using Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusting for age, comorbidities, disease characteristics, health care utilization, use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and opiates.

Results
We included 5987 biologic-treated patients with IBD (4881 on TNFα antagonists, 1106 on vedolizumab), of whom 2350 (39.3%) were classified as frail; over 7115 person-years of follow-up was included, and 520 patients developed serious infection. Frailty was not associated with increased risk of serious infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.93–1.36), whereas advanced age (older than 60 years), high comorbidity burden, corticosteroid use, opiate use, and prior serious infection were associated with increased risk of serious infection. On stratified analysis, frailty was associated with increased risk of serious infections in vedolizumab-treated patients (aHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03–2.79) but not in TNFα antagonist-treated patients (aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.83–1.27).

Conclusions
In biologic-treated patients with IBD, frailty assessed using a claims-based frailty index was not independently associated with increased risk of serious infections. Future studies evaluating objective and biological measures of frailty are warranted to risk-stratify older patients with IBD.
Variational convergence of discrete elasticae
Authors: Scholtes Sebastian , Schumacher Henrik , Wardetzky Max 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe discuss a discretization of the Euler–Bernoulli bending energy and of Euler elasticae under clamped boundary conditions by polygonal lines. We show Hausdorff convergence of the set of almost minimizers of the discrete bending energy to the set of smooth Euler elasticae under mesh refinement in (i) the $W^{1,\infty }$-topology for piecewise-linear interpolation; and in (ii) the $W^{2,p}$-topology, $p \in [2,\infty [$, using a suitable smoothing operator to create $W^{2,p}$-curves from polygons.
Some Remarks on Fano Three-Folds of Index Two and Stability Conditions
Authors: Pertusi Laura , Yang Song 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove that ideal sheaves of lines in a Fano three-fold $X$ of Picard rank one and index two are stable objects in the Kuznetsov component ${\operatorname{\mathsf{Ku}}}(X)$, with respect to the stability conditions constructed by Bayer, Lahoz, Macrì, and Stellari, giving a modular description to the Hilbert scheme of lines in $X$. When $X$ is a cubic three-fold, we show that the Serre functor of ${\operatorname{\mathsf{Ku}}}(X)$ preserves these stability conditions. As an application, we obtain the smoothness of nonempty moduli spaces of stable objects in ${\operatorname{\mathsf{Ku}}}(X)$. When $X$ is a quartic double solid, we describe a connected component of the stability manifold parametrizing stability conditions on ${\operatorname{\mathsf{Ku}}}(X)$.
Pedrowygomyia (Diptera: Simuliidae): Discovery of a New Species After 30 yr
Authors: Nascimento Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do , Hamada Neusa , Huamantinco-Araujo Ana A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pedrowygomyia is a Neotropical genus of Simuliidae composed of four species; all were described in 1989 from high-elevation (above 3,000 m) areas in the Andean region. In this article, a new species for this genus, Pedrowygomyia hanaq n. sp., is described based on all stages of development. The new species was collected in the south-central Andes of Peru at an altitude above 4,000 m, and its known distribution is currently restricted to the type-locality. Based on the pupal stage, the new species appears to be more closely related to Pedrowygomyia punapi (Wygodzinsky & Coscarón) (Diptera: Simuliidae), a species known from Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile.
Real-World Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Against Vulvovaginal High-Grade Precancerous Lesions and Cancers
Authors: Dehlendorff Christian , Baandrup Louise , Kjaer Susanne K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has proven to be effective against severe cervical lesions and genital warts, whereas no previous study has provided real-world data on the HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade vulvovaginal lesions.

Methods
A cohort of all women age 17-26 years living in Denmark during 2006-2019 was followed in nationwide registers for individual-level information about HPV vaccination and first diagnoses of vulvar and vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL+) or worse. The cumulative incidence of vulvar and vaginal HSIL+, respectively, was estimated with the Aalen-Johansen estimator, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for vulvar and vaginal lesions separately, comparing women vaccinated at age 16 years or younger and at age 17-26 years with unvaccinated women.

Results
The cohort consisted of 514 537 women, of which 50.6% were vaccinated at baseline (&lt;16 years), 31.8% were vaccinated during follow-up (17-26 years), and 17.6% remained unvaccinated. The cumulative incidence was less than 0.6‰ for vulvar HSIL+ and less than 0.2‰ for vaginal HSIL+. Adjusted analyses showed reduced HRs for both vulvar (HR = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.13 to 0.38) and vaginal HSIL+ (HR = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.04 to 0.55) for women vaccinated at age 16 years or younger compared with unvaccinated women. For women vaccinated at 17-26 years of age, the reductions in HRs were smaller for vaginal HSIL+ and close to 0 for vulvar HSIL+.

Conclusions
HPV vaccination before 17 years of age reduces the risk of vulvar and vaginal HSIL+ based on real-world data.
Melatonin reduces radiation damage in inner ear
Authors: Chen Ting , Luo Yuling , Li Qi , Yang Chen , Yuan Yixin , Peng Jinhao , Ban Molu , Liang Yong , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use a murine model to determine if melatonin can protect the inner ear from radiation-induced damage. A total of 81 4-week-old Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group; 50 mg/kg melatonin group; 5 mg/kg melatonin+radiotherapy group; 50 mg/kg melatonin+radiotherapy group; radiotherapy group. The radiotherapy groups received 16 Gy irradiation and melatonin was administered by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before radiotherapy. On days 3 and 7 after irradiation the function of outer hair cells was determined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) testing, pathological changes of inner ear cells were observed by light microscopy, and the expression of prestin mRNA was determined. ABR thresholds were increased and wave I latencies were extended after radiotherapy; however, the increases were lower in the groups that received melatonin (P &lt; 0.05). DPOAEs showed radiotherapy-induced hearing loss at 8–12 kHz, and hearing loss was greater on day 7 than day 3. However, hearing loss was less in the melatonin groups (P &lt; 0.05). Histopathological examination showed irradiation resulted in breaks and distortion of the cochlear basement membrane, disruption of the stria vascularis, and swelling of outer hair cells. Melatonin reduced these changes. Radiotherapy upregulated prestin mRNA expression. Radiotherapy-induced upregulation of prestin was decreased in the melatonin groups (P &lt; 0.05), and the decrease was greater in the 50 mg/kg melatonin group (P &lt; 0.05). Melatonin protects against radiation-induced cochlear damage by reducing damage to outer hair cells.
Breast lipofilling as a treatment for breast hypoplasia in Becker naevus syndrome: a case report
Authors: Christodoulides Natasha , Kelly Gerard A , O’Sullivan Sean T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A Becker’s naevus is a rare, pigmented, cutaneous hamartoma, which when associated with other cutaneous or musculoskeletal anomalies is termed Becker naevus syndrome. Female patients commonly seek medical attention for breast hypoplasia. Here, we describe our experience in the surgical management of unilateral breast hypoplasia in a patient with Becker naevus syndrome, using high-volume autologous fat grafting. This is, to our knowledge, the second report in the literature describing the aforementioned management technique in this patient cohort.
Nestled in the city heat: urban nesting behavior enhances embryo development of an invasive lizard
Authors: Tiatragul Sarin , Hall Joshua M , Warner Daniel A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urbanization transforms many aspects of natural landscapes and poses many new challenges for individual survival and population persistence. Thus, urbanization provides an opportunity to examine how organisms deal with novel environmental change. Many studies provide evidence of phenotypic adaptation to urban environments, but few focus on responses during early life stages. Filling this information gap is important, because early life stages are particularly sensitive to abiotic factors, and no population is sustainable without successful embryo development. We tested the hypotheses that (i) embryos tolerate warmer temperature conditions of urbanized areas and (ii) maternal nesting behavior protects embryos from potentially lethal thermal conditions in urbanized habitats. We studied introduced populations of a subtropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus, in suburban and forested areas in Miami, Florida. In each habitat, we measured microenvironment variables for locations that females used for nesting vs. locations they did not use. We then incubated eggs from both populations under thermal conditions that mimicked used and unused sites. Nests in the suburban site were warmer than in the forest; however, in the suburban site, locations that females used were relatively cool compared with locations that were not used. We found no evidence that embryos are adapted to their respective suburban or forested thermal environments, but rather maternal nest-site choice enhanced embryo development in the suburban habitat. Maternal nesting behavior is likely an important factor for population persistence under major environmental changes, and a key contributor to the establishment and spread of invasive organisms across urbanized landscapes.
HCT/HESP study of two carbon stars from the LAMOST survey
Authors: Shejeelammal J , Goswami Aruna , Shi Jianrong 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Carbon stars, enhanced in carbon and neutron-capture elements, provide a wealth of information about the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. In this work, we present the first ever detailed abundance analysis of the carbon star LAMOSTJ091608.81+230734.6 and a detailed abundance analysis of neutron-capture elements for the object LAMOSTJ151003.74+305407.3. Updates on the abundances of elements C, O, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn and Ni for LAMOSTJ151003.74+305407.3 are also presented. Our analysis is based on high-resolution spectra obtained using the Hanle Echelle Spectrograph (HESP) attached to the Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) at the Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle. The stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, microturbulance ζ, metallicity [Fe/H]) are found to be (4820, 1.43, 1.62, −0.89) and (4500, 1.55, 1.24, −1.57) for these two objects, respectively. The abundance estimates of several elements, namely C, N, O, Na, α-elements, Fe-peak elements and neutron-capture elements Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu, are presented. Our analysis shows the star LAMOSTJ151003.74+305407.3 to be a CEMP-r/s star, and LAMOSTJ091608.81+230734.6 to be a CH giant. We have examined if the i-process model yields ([X/Fe]) of heavy elements could explain the observed abundances of the CEMP-r/s star based on a parametric model-based analysis. The negative values obtained for the neutron-density-dependent [Rb/Zr] ratio confirm former low-mass asymptotic giant branch companions for both stars. Kinematic analysis shows that LAMOSTJ151003.74+305407.3 belongs to the Galactic halo population while LAMOSTJ091608.81+230734.6 belongs to the disc population.