bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Improvement of β‐MnO2 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts via Combined Substrate Control and Surface Engineering
Authors: Bigiani Lorenzo , Gasparotto Alberto , Maccato Chiara , Sada Cinzia , Verbeeck Johan , Andreu Teresa , Morante Juan Ramón , Barreca Davide 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of catalysts with high intrinsic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a critical role in sustainable energy conversion and storage. Herein, we report on the development of efficient (photo)electrocatalysts based on functionalized MnO2 systems. Specifically, β‐MnO2 nanostructures grown by plasma enhanced‐chemical vapor deposition on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) or Ni foams were decorated with Co3O4 or Fe2O3 nanoparticles by radio frequency sputtering. Upon functionalization, FTO‐supported materials yielded a performance increase with respect to bare MnO2, with current densities at 1.65 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) up to 3.0 and 3.5 mA/cm2 in the dark and under simulated sunlight, respectively. On the other hand, the use of highly porous and conductive Ni foam substrates enabled to maximize cooperative interfacial effects between catalyst components. The best performing Fe2O3/MnO2 system provided a current density of 17.9 mA/cm2 at 1.65 V vs. RHE, an overpotential as low as 390 mV, and a Tafel slope of 69 mV/decade under dark conditions, comparing favorably with IrO2 and RuO2 benchmarks. Overall, the control of β‐MnO2/substrate interactions and the simultaneous surface property engineering pave the way to an efficient energy generation from abundant natural resources.
One‐pot Chemoenzymatic Deracemisation of Secondary Alcohols Employing Variants of Galactose Oxidase and Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Yuan Bo , Debecker Damien P. , Wu Xiaofeng , Xiao Jianliang , Fei Qiang , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched chiral secondary alcohols serve as valuable building blocks for drug intermediates and fine chemicals. In this study the deracemisation of secondary alcohols to generate enantiomeric pure chiral alcohols has been achieved by combining enantio‐selective enzymatic oxidation of a secondary alcohol, by a variant of GOase (GOase M3‐5), with either non‐selective ketone reduction via transfer hydrogenation (TH) or enantio‐selective asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH). Both the enzymatic oxidation system and the transition‐metal mediated reduction system were optimised to ensure compatibility with each other resulting in a homogeneous reaction system. 1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethanol was generated with 99 % conversion and 98 % ee by the deracemisation method, and it has been extended to a series of other secondary alcohols with comparable results.
A global resource for exploring and exploiting genetic variation in sorghum crop wild relatives
Authors: Mace Emma S. , Cruickshank Alan W. , Tao Yongfu , Hunt Colleen H. , Jordan David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne response to mitigate the impact of climate change on agricultural systems is to develop new varieties that are tolerant to the new range of biotic and abiotic challenges this change causes. This requires access to novel variants of genes for complex adaptive traits. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are a potentially valuable source of these genes; however, these materials are often difficult to work with and identifying valuable alleles is difficult without substantial investment in prebreeding. In this study, we describe the development of a nested association mapping population for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] using two cultivated grain sorghum reference parents and nine wild and exotic sorghum accessions as donors. The donor parents come from the S. bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. verticilliflorum (Steud.) de Wet ex Wiersema & J. Dahlb., S. bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse, and S. bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor margaritiferum taxa and were sampled from a range of environments across Africa. In total, the resource consists of 13 populations and a total of 1,224 lines. The population has been genotyped with diversity array technology (DArT) markers that produced 42,372 unique single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering the genome. We determine the utility of the resource for high resolution mapping of complex traits by demonstrating that the exotics contain unique alleles for some example adaptive trait loci and by using the population for genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The resource should provide useful material for plant breeders attempting to deal with the challenges generated by climate change.
Organic Liquid Crystals as Single‐Ion Li+ Conductors
Authors: Bresser Dominic , Leclere Mélody , Bernard Laurent , Rannou Patrice , Mendil‐Jakani Hakima , Kim Guk‐Tae , Zinkevich Tatiana , Indris Sylvio , Gebel Gérard , Lyonnard Sandrine , Picard Lionel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of new materials for tomorrow's electrochemical energy storage technologies, based on thoroughly designed molecular architectures is at the forefront of materials research. In this line, we report herein the development of a new class of organic lithium‐ion battery electrolytes, thermotropic liquid crystalline single‐ion conductors, for which the single‐ion charge transport is decoupled from the molecular dynamics (i. e., obeys Arrhenius‐type conductivity) just like in inorganic (single‐)ion conductors. Focusing on an in‐depth understanding of the structure‐to‐transport interplay and the demonstration of the proof‐of‐concept, we provide also strategies for their further development, as illustrated by the introduction of additional ionic groups to increase the charge carrier density, which results in a substantially enhanced ionic conductivity especially at lower temperatures.
Are the Criterion B binge‐eating symptoms interchangeable in understanding binge‐eating severity? An item response theory analysis
Authors: Richson Brianne N. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Schaumberg Katherine , Crosby Ross D. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Criterion B binge‐eating symptoms represent five symptoms associated with binge eating. Any three out of five symptoms can be used to meet Criterion B. However, Criterion B symptoms may not be interchangeable in terms of how binge‐eating severity is associated with each symptom. Item response theory (IRT) can test how endorsing each symptom relates to the overall level (i.e., severity) of binge‐eating measured by Criterion B. We used IRT to identify (a) how each Criterion B symptom corresponded with binge‐eating severity in a transdiagnostic binge‐eating sample and (b) how well each symptom differentiated individuals with differing levels of severity.MethodParticipants (N = 219) were adults (80.8% female) with a current ED that included objective binge‐eating episodes assessed via semi‐structured interview. A two‐parameter logistic IRT model evaluated how endorsement of each Criterion B symptom corresponded with the level of latent binge‐eating severity.Results“Eating large amounts when not hungry” and “eating alone” reflected the highest binge‐eating severity. “Eating alone” was the best discriminator across different binge‐eating severity levels, whereas “uncomfortably full” was the poorest discriminator across binge‐eating severity levels.DiscussionCriterion B symptoms were not interchangeable in terms of what level of binge‐eating severity corresponded with symptom endorsement. “Eating large amounts when not hungry” or “eating alone” may signify elevated binge‐eating severity, whereas “uncomfortably full” and “feeling disgusted/depressed/guilty” were not necessarily indicative of elevated severity. Results suggested that Criterion B may need to be revised to eliminate symptoms that are redundant with other binge‐eating diagnostic criteria.
Settlement‐era forest structure and composition in the Klamath Mountains: reconstructing a historical baseline
Authors: Knight Clarke A. , Cogbill Charles V. , Potts Matthew D. , Wanket James A. , Battles John J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHistorical baselines of forest conditions provide reference states to assess how forests have changed through time. In California, the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) provides tree inventory data between 1872 and 1884 at 93.2‐km2(36 mi2) resolution. Although these data provide a spatially extensive record of settlement‐era forest conditions, reconstructions using PLSS data have been limited and controversial in western landscapes. Recent improvements in the application of plotless density estimators (PDE) have made reconstructions more accurate and robust. The purpose of this study was to use PDE to reconstruct the settlement‐era forest conditions in Six Rivers National Forest—a floristically diverse temperate forest in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California—to quantify differences with modern conditions. Records of fires and harvests were used in conjunction with the PLSS data to understand the influence of forest management during the previous century. The contemporary forest in Six Rivers contains three times more trees than in the settlement era with a comparable increase in tree basal area. Forest composition during the settlement era was predominantly Douglas‐fir (34.4%), pine (24.2%), and oak (21.9%) by basal area. Contemporary forests support more Douglas‐fir (45.2%) and a similar amount of pine (26.1%), while oaks have decreased by more than half (9.3%). These increases in tree abundance occurred despite extensive, mid‐century timber harvesting in Six Rivers. Although large fires have burned in Six Rivers between 2000 and 2019, far fewer fires occurred during the twentieth century. Our results suggest that effective fire suppression contributed to the densification of the contemporary forests in Six Rivers.
Why is the clinical response to cardiac resynchronization better in LBBB patients?
Authors: Kvasnička Jiří , Havlíček Aleš , Bělohlávek Jan , Večeřa Jan , Čermáková Eva 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe improved clinical response in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) over LBBB‐free patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D) is commonly attributed to an LBBB abnormality. We aimed to find an alternative explanation.Methods and resultsWe analysed an immediate effect of selecting the LBBB group of patients in a cohort of 63 non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (non‐ICM) and 83 ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients treated with CRT‐D; 75% of non‐ICM and 51% of ICM patients had an LBBB abnormality on the electrocardiogram, with a significant difference (P = 0.0032 by χ2). As a result of this difference, the proportion of non‐ICM patients increased from 43% in the primary cohort to 53% in LBBB selection and decreased to 28% in non‐LBBB group. By nonparametric survival analysis, the hazard ratio in non‐ICM patients in the LBBB selection decreased from 0.48 (P = 0.0488) to 0.36 (P = 0.0251) and increased in the non‐LBBB group to 0.75 (P = 0.6496). Any comparison of LBBB and non‐LBBB groups must compare sets with a significantly altered proportion of patients of different aetiologies. Most publications on LBBB patients are erroneous because they compare LBBB with non‐LBBB groups, not taking into account that the groups have been substantially changed by the selection process.ConclusionsThe declared outcome of the LBBB groups reflects inevitably the survival outcome of their non‐ICM patients and not the intended outcome of patients with LBBB. CRT‐D in patients with different aetiologies of cardiomyopathy calls for separate evaluation.
Mast cells crosstalk with B cells in the gut and sustain IgA response in the inflamed intestine
Authors: Valeri Viviana , Tonon Silvia , Vibhushan Shamila , Gulino Alessandro , Belmonte Beatrice , Adori Monika , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Gautier Gregory , Tripodo Claudio , Blank Ulrich , Mion Francesca , Pucillo Carlo E.M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractB lymphocytes are among the cell types whose effector functions are modulated by mast cells (MCs). The B/MC crosstalk emerged in several pathological settings, notably the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is a privileged site in which MCs and IgA+ cells physically interact. Herein, by inducing conditional depletion of MCs in red MC and basophil (RMB) mice, we show that MCs control B cell distribution in the gut and IgA serum levels. Moreover, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐treated RMB mice, the presence of MCs is fundamental for the enlargement of the IgA+ population in the bowel and the increase of systemic IgA production. Since both conventional B‐2 and peritoneal‐derived B cells populate the intestine and communicate with MCs in physiological conditions and during inflammation, we further explored this interplay through the use of co‐cultures. We show that MCs finely regulate different aspects of splenic B cell biology while peritoneal B cells are unresponsive to the supporting effects provided by MCs. Interestingly, peritoneal B cells induce a pro‐inflammatory skewing in MCs, characterized by increased ST2 and TNF‐α expression. Altogether, this study uncovers the versatility of the B/MC liaison and highlights key aspects for the resolution of intestinal inflammation.
Enhancement in methane yield from anaerobic co‐digestion of walnut shells and cattle manure
Authors: ŞENOL Halil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, anaerobic co‐digestion was investigated for mixtures of walnut shells (WS) and cattle manure (CM), which are lignocellulosic wastes, in various different carbon: nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The best mixing ratio for WS and CM in anaerobic digestion (AD) was determined to be 1:3, offering a methane yield of 173.2 ml/g volatile solid (VS)added. Effects of various alkaline pretreatments including calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were studied in the concentration range 1–5% wt/wt for the best mixing ratio of WS and CM. The optimal KOH and NaOH concentrations were each found to be 4%, giving methane yields of 312.6 ± 5.1 and 342.5 ± 9.6 ml/g VSadded, respectively, where these yields were found to increase by 80.5 and 97.2%, respectively, compared to the control reactor. By contrast, a 3% Ca(OH)2 concentration was found to increase the methane yield by 67% compared to the untreated reactor. NaOH pretreatments resulted in relatively higher lignocellulosic solubilization and soluble chemical oxygen demand compared to KOH and Ca(OH)2 pretreatments. This study contributes to our understanding of the alkaline pretreatment in taking advantage of CM and WS for methane productions in future applications.
Holocene climate forcings and lacustrine regime shifts in the Indian summer monsoon realm
Authors: Prasad Sushma , Marwan Norbert , Eroglu Deniz , Goswami Bedartha , Mishra Praveen K. , Gaye Birgit , Anoop A. , Basavaiah N. , Stebich Martina , Jehangir Arshid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtreme climate events have been identified both in meteorological and long‐term proxy records from the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) realm. However, the potential of palaeoclimate data for understanding mechanisms triggering climate extremes over long time scales has not been fully exploited. A distinction between proxies indicating climate change, environment, and ecosystem shift is crucial for enabling a comparison with forcing mechanisms (e.g. El‐Niño Southern Oscillation). In this study we decouple these factors using data analysis techniques [multiplex recurrence network (MRN) and principal component analyses (PCA)] on multiproxy data from two lakes located in different climate regions – Lonar Lake (ISM dominated) and the high‐altitude Tso Moriri Lake (ISM and westerlies influenced). Our results indicate that (i) MRN analysis, an indicator of changing environmental conditions, is associated with droughts in regions with a single climate driver but provides ambiguous results in regions with multiple climate/environmental drivers; (ii) the lacustrine ecosystem was ‘less sensitive’ to forcings during the early Holocene wetter periods; (iii) archives in climate zones with a single climate driver were most sensitive to regime shifts; (iv) data analyses are successful in identifying the timing of onset of climate change, and distinguishing between extrinsic and intrinsic (lacustrine) regime shifts by comparison with forcing mechanisms. Our results enable development of conceptual models to explain links between forcings and regional climate change that can be tested in climate models to provide an improved understanding of the ISM dynamics and their impact on ecosystems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive deep convolutional neural network‐based secure integration of fog to cloud supported Internet of Things for health monitoring system
Authors: Kesavan Revathi , Arumugam Samydurai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the healthcare monitoring system plays a significant role in providing early intervention for the people who are under risk. Several advanced technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming accessible nowadays due to its high level and ubiquitous monitoring. The IoT also enables a structured and competent technique in handling the healthcare of the patients based on remote patient monitoring and mobile health. In addition to this, the deep learning approaches are employed in health‐based applications so as to achieve promising and satisfactory performances for a sizeable amount of data. While monitoring the health condition of the patients, there occur delays in data transferring to the cloud. So, to overcome such shortcomings, the proposed approach of this paper utilizes four different phases including data acquisition phase (DAP), fog to cloud phase (FCP), decision‐making phase (DMP), and execution phase (EP) in transferring the data to the cloud via the fog layer. The initial phase or DAP phase comprises of data storage and collection. The second phase or the FCP phase comprises of two different types of layers namely fog layer and the cloud layer along with that, secure integration of FCP is described. The third phase or the DMP phase involves feture extraction and classification. Here, Adaptive Deep Convolution Neural Network along with the Levy Flightbased Grey Wolf Optimization (LFGWO) are employed in the classification process to obtain the best optimal solution. The final phase or the EP phase provides notification or information to the doctor or the practitioner soon after the detection of any abnormality case. The experimental results are made by comparing various approaches with the proposed approach and the analysis reveals that the proposed approach provides better results with high accuracy, efficiency, response time with less computational cost in healthcare monitoring applications.
Differential effects of different antipsychotic drugs on cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Dong Rui , Yuan Lian , Yang Yong , Du Xiang‐Dong , Jia Qiufang , Dillon Brett A. , Yu Liling , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is core feature of schizophrenia. The impact of antipsychotics on cognition remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the effects of long‐term use of different types of antipsychotics on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients.MethodsWe used the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to assess the cognition of three groups of schizophrenia patients (318 on clozapine, 125 on risperidone, and 166 on typical antipsychotic drugs) and 399 healthy controls, and used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess schizophrenia symptoms of patients.ResultsPatients taking typical antipsychotics scored higher on the immediate memory and delayed memory index than those taking clozapine or risperidone (all p < 0.01). Patients taking clozapine scored higher on the language subscale than those taking risperidone (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the drug type was identified as an independent contributor to the immediate memory, language, and delayed memory index of RBANS (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients taking typical antipsychotics have better memory than those taking clozapine or risperidone. Patients taking clozapine have better language function than those taking risperidone.
Advancing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in vivo: New insights into tissue challenges
Authors: Kesserwan Shereen , Mulka Adam , Sharafieh Roshanak , Qiao Yi , Wu Rong , Kreutzer Donald L. , Klueh Ulrike 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContinuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) is superior to conventional insulin therapy as it improves glycemic control thus reducing the probability of diabetic complications. Notwithstanding CSII's benefits, insulin dependent diabetic patients rarely achieve optimal glucose control. Moreover, CSII is only FDA approved for 3 days and often fails prematurely for reasons that have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that phenolic compounds, such as m‐cresol and phenol, which are present in all commercial insulin formulations are responsible for the tissue reaction occurring at the insulin infusion site. This hypothesis was examined with in vitro cell cultures and a mouse air‐pouch model to determine cellular and tissue reactions following infusions with saline, phenolic compounds, (i.e., commercial diluent), and insulin. We demonstrated that diluent and insulin were cytotoxic to cells in culture at sub‐clinical concentrations (e.g., >1:10 of commercial insulin). Air pouch studies demonstrated that infusion of either diluted insulin or diluent itself induced three to five‐fold level of recruited leukocytes as compared to saline. At both 3‐ and 7‐days post infusion, these were predominantly neutrophils and macrophages. We conclude that phenolic compounds in commercial insulin preparations are cell and tissue toxic, which contributes to the failure of effective insulin infusion therapy.
Polyether ether ketone surface modification with plasma and gelatin for enhancing cell attachment
Authors: Mehdizadeh Omrani Maryam , Kumar Hitendra , Mohamed Mohamed G. A. , Golovin Kevin , S. Milani Abbas , Hadjizadeh Afra , Kim Keekyoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolyether ether ketone (PEEK) has shown great promise for implant and biomedical applications because of its excellent chemical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. However, PEEK is bioinert, which causes weak cell adhesion and limits its use for biomedical applications such as bone implants. Therefore, the activation of the PEEK's surface for cell attachment is desirable. In this study, oxygen plasma and gelatin were used to modify PEEK's surface and the effects of surface roughness, wettability, and cell adhesion to the surface were studied. Surface roughness was measured using a laser scanning confocal microscope, and wettability was measured using the sessile drop method. There was no significant difference in the roughness of the three samples. The gelatin‐coated surface showed higher wettability than the plasma‐modified or control samples. The cell attachment and proliferation rate were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the XTT assay, respectively. The XTT assay results indicated that a greater number of cells grew on the gelatin‐coated PEEK surface than on the control or plasma‐treated surfaces. These results confirmed that the plasma and gelatin treatments enhanced the biocompatibility of the PEEK samples. The increase in biocompatibility could make PEEK a better material candidate for treating bone related injuries and defects.