bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycaemia and its management in primary care setting
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud , Baker Jason , Cahn Avivit , Eckel Robert H. , El Sayed Nuha Ali , Fischl Amy Hess , Gaede Peter , Leslie R. David , Pieralice Silvia , Tuccinardi Dario , Pozzilli Paolo , Richelsen Bjørn , Roitman Eytan , Standl Eberhard , Toledano Yoel , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Weber Sandra L. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypoglycaemia is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and constitutes a major limiting factor in achieving glycaemic control among people with diabetes. While hypoglycaemia is defined as a blood glucose level under 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), symptoms may occur at higher blood glucose levels in individuals with poor glycaemic control. Severe hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions to assure neurologic recovery. Hypoglycaemia is the most important safety outcome in clinical studies of glucose lowering agents. The American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care recommends that a management protocol for hypoglycaemia should be designed and implemented by every hospital, along with a clear prevention and treatment plan. A tailored approach, using clinical and pathophysiologic disease stratification, can help individualize glycaemic goals and promote new therapies to improve quality of life of patients. Data from recent large clinical trials reported low risk of hypoglycaemic events with the use of newer anti‐diabetic drugs. Increased hypoglycaemia risk is observed with the use of insulin and/or sulphonylureas. Vulnerable patients with T2D at dual risk of severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular outcomes show features of “frailty.” Many of such patients may be better treated by the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors rather than insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) should be considered for all individuals with increased risk for hypoglycaemia, impaired hypoglycaemia awareness, frequent nocturnal hypoglycaemia and with history of severe hypoglycaemia. Patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia benefit from real‐time CGM. The diabetes educator is an invaluable resource and can devote the time needed to thoroughly educate the individual to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia and integrate the information within the entire construct of diabetes self‐management. Conversations about hypoglycaemia facilitated by a healthcare professional may reduce the burden and fear of hypoglycaemia among patients with diabetes and their family members. Optimizing insulin doses and carbohydrate intake, in addition to a short warm up before or after the physical activity sessions may help avoiding hypoglycaemia. Several therapeutic considerations are important to reduce hypoglycaemia risk during pregnancy including administration of rapid‐acting insulin analogues rather than human insulin, pre‐conception initiation of insulin analogues, and immediate postpartum insulin dose reduction.
Nutrient contents predict the bamboo‐leaf‐based diet of Assamese macaques living in limestone forests of southwest Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Yuhui , Ma Guangzhi , Zhou Qihai , Li Youbang , Huang Zhonghao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetermining the nutrient factors influencing food choice provides important insight into the feeding strategy of animals, which is crucial for understanding their behavioral response to environmental changes. A bamboo‐leaf‐based diet is rare among mammals. Animals’ food choice and nutritional goals have been explained by several frameworks; however, the influence of nutrients on food choice in bamboo‐leaf‐based macaques is not yet available. Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) inhabiting limestone forests are characterized by such a bamboo‐leaf‐based diet, predominantly consuming young leaves of Bonia saxatilis, a shrubby, karst‐endemic bamboo. We studied the feeding behavior of one group of Assamese macaques using instantaneous scan sampling in limestone forests of the Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve in southwest Guangxi, China. We compared the nutrient content of staple food and nonfood items and examine the role of key nutrients in the food selection of macaques. Our results showed that young leaves of bamboo B. saxatilis contained more water, crude protein, phosphorus, and less tannin than nonfood items. Furthermore, staple foods contained a higher content of water and less content of calcium than nonfood items. More specifically, quantities of water, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus in food items were critical factors affecting feeding time on a specific plant item. Our results suggest that young bamboo leaves could meet macaques’ required protein and water intake, while enabling them to maintain their mineral balance, consequently facilitating to maintain the primates’ bamboo‐leaf‐diet in the limestone forest. Our findings confirm the effects of nutrient contents in food choice of Assamese macaques, highlighting the importance of the nutrient contents in maintaining their bamboo‐based diet and the need to increase the knowledge on their nutritional strategy adapted to the bamboo‐dominated diet inhabiting the unique limestone habitat.
An assessment of population size and demographic drivers of the Bearded Vulture using integrated population models
Authors: Margalida Antoni , Jiménez José , Martínez José M. , Sesé José A. , García‐Ferré Diego , Llamas Alfonso , Razin Martine , Colomer MªÀngels , Arroyo Beatriz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConventional approaches for the assessment of population abundance or trends are usually based on a single source of information, such as counts or changes in demographic parameters. However, these approaches usually neglect some of the information needed to properly understand the population as a whole, such as assessments of the non‐breeding proportion of the population and the drivers of population change. The Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatusis a threatened species and its Pyrenean population (the largest in Europe) inhabits parts of Spain, Andorra, and France. We developed an Integrated Population Model (IPM) using data from a long‐term study (1987–2016) in the three countries, including capture–mark–recapture of 150 marked individuals, to assess population size and age structure at the whole population scale, and obtain estimates of survival and breeding parameters of this population. The breeding population experienced a geometric mean population increase of 3.3% annually, falling to 2.3% during the last 10 yr. The adult proportion of the population increased with time, from 61% to 73%. There were 365 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 354–373) adult breeding birds in 2016, representing 49% of the adult population and 36% of the total population (estimated at 1,026 individuals, 95% BCI: 937–1,119). The large number of non‐breeding adults probably led to higher mean age of first reproduction than previously estimated, and to an estimated 30–35% of territories occupied by polyandrous trios. Population growth rate was positively and strongly correlated with adult survival, which had a much greater effect on population growth than productivity. The effects of subadult and juvenile survival on population growth were weaker. We found strong evidence for a density‐dependent decrease in juvenile survival, productivity and adult survival, leading to reduced population growth with increased population size. Our approach allowed us to identify important conservation issues related to the management of supplementary feeding sites and geographic expansion of this population. Our study supports the use of IPMs as a tool to understand long‐lived species, allowing simultaneous estimates of the non‐breeding size of the population (which is critical for understanding population functioning), better estimates of population parameters, and assessment of demographic drivers.
Influence of Sodium Alginate and Genipin on Stability of Chitosome Containing Perilla Oil in Model and Real Drink
Authors: Ghaleshahi Atefah Zamani , Rajabzadeh Ghadir , Ezzatpanah Hamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe impacts of sodium alginate (SA) and genipin (GP) on low‐pH and thermal stability of chitosan‐coated liposome (chitosome), as a carrier of perilla oil, are investigated in a model drink. Oxidative stability, as well as quality parameters and sensory evaluation, are analyzed during 60 days of storage at 25 °C as well as in orange drink fortified with non‐coated and coated nanoliposome. The investigation of model drink shows that low‐pH and heating stability of nanoliposome are influenced by the type of coating biopolymer and can be improved by chitosan (CS) and GP. The coating by different biopolymers has fewer changes in quality parameters (°Brix and pH value, total acidity, and color difference), and shows higher oxidative stability than emulsified perilla seed oil and bare nanoliposome after storage at 25 °C for 60 days. The results indicate that the type of biopolymer and cross‐linkers plays a key role in the liposomal membrane structure stability.Practical applications: The present study is anticipated to promote a better understanding of the advantages of combining nanoliposomes (NLs) with the primary and secondary coatings as well as cross‐linkers to overcome the low oxidative stability of perilla oil (as a source of plant rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]) and semi‐permeability of NL membrane in like and real foods. It could also reduce the adverse effects of n‐3 PUFAs on sensory properties of orange drink and pave the way for making liposomes applicable to foods and drinks.
Ultrasonic extraction of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Liu Zenggen , Tang Xiaohong , Liu Chuang , Dong Banmacailang , Shao Yun , Liu Baolong , Yue Huilan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ultrasonic extraction (UE) technology, possessed the advantages of effective, energy‐saving, and environmental‐friendly, was applied to extract the anthocyanin from Lycium ruthenicum (LR). The extraction parameters of UE were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD). Anthocyanin composition in LR fruits grown in China was systematically identified and quantified by HPLC‐ESI‐MS. The result showed that PRG was the major anthocyanin, and delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin were the major anthocyanidins in LR fruits. There was the same anthocyanin composition of LR and great variation in anthocyanins content of LR from different areas in China. However, there was no significant difference between wild and cultivated LR in the same region. A clear separation of LR according to geographical origins was revealed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the discrimination model for the anthocyanin concentrations were developed using these two analysis methods. Furthermore, on‐line HPLC‐DPPH assay and scavenging activity of three kinds of radicals (DPPH·, ·OH, and ) in vitro were well applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the LR anthocyanin extract (LRAE). And its results indicated the LRAE could be a credible antioxidant agent for applications in cosmetics, food, and medicine.
Head and neck surgical oncology in the time of a pandemic: Subsite‐specific triage guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors:   MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium,   Consortium members:, Maniakas Anastasios , Jozaghi Yelda , Zafereo Mark E. , Sturgis Erich M. , Su Shirley Y. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Gidley Paul W. , Lewis Carol M. , Diaz Eduardo , Goepfert Ryan P. , Kupferman Michael E. , Gross Neil D. , Hessel Amy C. , Pytynia Kristen B. , Nader Marc‐Elie , Wang Jennifer R. , Lango Miriam N. , Kiong Kimberley L. , Guo Theresa , Zhao Xiao , Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Appelbaum Eric , Alpard Jennifer , Garcia Jose A. , Terry Shawn , Flynn Jill E. , Bauer Sarah , Fournier Danielle , Burgess Courtlyn G. , Wideman Cayla , Johnston Matthew , You Chenxi , De Luna Rolando , Joseph Liza , Diersing Julia , Prescott Kaitlin , Heiberger Katherine , Mugartegui Lilian , Rodriguez Jessica , Zendehdel Sara , Sellers Justin , Friddell Rebekah A. , Thomas Ajay , Khanjae Sonam J. , Schwarzlose Katherine B. , Chambers Mark S. , Hofstede Theresa M. , Cardoso Richard C. , Wesson Ruth Aponte , Won Alex , Otun Adegbenga O. , Gombos Dan S. , Al‐Zubidi Nagham , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Gunn G. Brandon , Rosenthal David I. , Gillison Maura L. , Ferrarotto Renata , Weber Randal S. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Lai Stephen Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic has strained human and material resources around the world. Practices in surgical oncology had to change in response to these resource limitations, triaging based on acuity, expected oncologic outcomes, availability of supportive resources, and safety of health care personnel.MethodsThe MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium devised the following to provide guidance on triaging head and neck cancer (HNC) surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus. HNC subsites considered included aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, endocrine, cutaneous, and ocular.RecommendationsEach subsite is presented separately with disease‐specific recommendations. Options for alternative treatment modalities are provided if surgical treatment needs to be deferred.ConclusionThese guidelines are intended to help clinicians caring for patients with HNC appropriately allocate resources during a health care crisis, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. We continue to advocate for individual consideration of cases in a multidisciplinary fashion based on individual patient circumstances and resource availability.
Salivary gland disease in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Soldatova Liuba , Rassekh Christopher H. , Baloch Zubair W. , Jalaly Jalal B. , Sedora‐Roman Neda I. , Loevner Laurie L. , Cognetti David M. , Witt Robert L. , Dulguerov Pavel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic forced significant changes in current approach to outpatient evaluation of common otolaryngology complaints as hospitals around the world are trying to limit the spread of the virus and to preserve health care resources. These changes raise a lot of questions regarding patient triage and treatment decisions in clinical situations when it is unclear if the workup and management can be postponed. In this communication, we present our approach to evaluation and triage of new patients with complaints concerning for salivary gland disease.
The effects of reforming regulation in resolving insolvency towards EODB rank improvement: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Shubhan M. Hadi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the effectiveness of policy reform and implementation in resolving insolvency in Indonesia. The Ease of Doing Business (EODB) in Indonesia has significantly increased over the last 6 years, from ranking 129th in 2012 to 73rd in 2019. Among the 10 EODB indicators, resolving insolvency was identified to be the highest contributing indicator. In 2019, this indicator ranked 36th—far above the overall aforementioned Indonesian EODB score, a 73rd worldwide ranking. This article examines the factors leading to a high bankruptcy settlement score as well as the indicators that must be improved to raise Indonesia's EODB ranking.
Prevalent and persistent oncogenic HPV types in a cohort of women living with HIV prior to HPV vaccination
Authors: McClymont Elisabeth , Lee Marette , Raboud Janet , Coutlée François , Walmsley Sharon , Lipsky Nancy , Loutfy Mona , Trottier Sylvie , Smaill Fiona , Klein Marina B. , Harris Marianne , Cohen Jeffrey , Yudin Mark H. , Wobeser Wendy , Money Deborah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe prevalent and persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types detected in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada, including women with cervical dyskaryosis, and to determine predictors of type‐specific HPV persistence.MethodsWomen and girls living with HIV, recruited from 14 sites of HIV care across Canada, were included in a sub‐analysis of a prospective vaccine immunogenicity cohort study (two HPV DNA results, at least one cervical cytology result pre‐vaccination). Demographic and clinical data were collected alongside cervical samples for cytology and HPV DNA typing between November 25, 2008, and May 19, 2015.ResultsPre‐vaccination, HPV16 and HPV52 were the most prevalent oncogenic HPV types. Of the 252 women and girls who met the eligibility criteria, 45% were infected with at least one oncogenic HPV type and one‐third of participants had a persistent oncogenic infection. HPV16, 45, and 52 were the most frequently persistent types. Seventeen percent of women had persistent infections with oncogenic HPV types not within currently available vaccines (HPV35/39/51/56/59/68/82). Lower CD4 count significantly predicted HPV persistence (P=0.024). Cervical cytology results were normal for 82.9% of participants, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance for 2.4%, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions for 11.5%, and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions for 2.8%.ConclusionUnvaccinated WLWH were infected with a wide range of oncogenic HPV types. The findings highlighted the importance of optimal treatment of HIV and continued cervical cancer screening as key steps toward the global elimination of cervical cancer.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: A new therapeutic approach in the treatment of infection and autoimmunity
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Iraj , Qujeq Durdi , Yousefi Tooba , Ferns Gordon A. , Maniati Mahmood , Vaghari‐Tabari Mostafa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein9) may be viewed as an adaptive bacterial immune system. When a virus infects a bacterium, a fragment of the virus genome is inserted into the CRISPR sequence of the bacterial genome as a memory. When the bacterium becomes infected again with the same virus, an RNA molecule that is a transcript of the memory sequence, directs Cas9, an endonuclease, to the complementary region of the virus genome, and Cas9 disables the virus by a double‐strand break. In recent years, studies have shown that by designing synthetic RNA molecules and delivering them along with Cas9 into eukaryotic cells, different regions of the cell's genome can be targeted and manipulated. These findings have drawn much attention to this new technology and it has been shown that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing can be used to treat some human diseases. These include infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In this review article, in addition to a brief overview of the biology of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we collected the most recent findings on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for better investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis virus infections, and onco‐virus infections), non‐viral infections (parasitic, fungal, and bacterial infections), and autoimmune diseases.
Methionine Enkephalin Suppresses Osteocyte Apoptosis Induced by Compressive Force through Regulation of Nuclear Translocation of NFATc1
Authors: Sogi Chisumi , Takeshita Nobuo , Jiang Wei , Kim Siyoung , Maeda Toshihiro , Yoshida Michiko , Oyanagi Toshihito , Ito Arata , Kimura Seiji , Seki Daisuke , Takano Ikuko , Sakai Yuichi , Fujiwara Ikuma , Kure Shigeo , Takano‐Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMechanical stress stimulates bone remodeling, which occurs through bone formation and resorption, resulting in bone adaptation in response to the mechanical stress. Osteocytes perceive mechanical stress loaded to bones and promote bone remodeling through various cellular processes. Osteocyte apoptosis is considered a cellular process to induce bone resorption during mechanical stress‐induced bone remodeling, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuropeptides play crucial roles in bone metabolism. The neuropeptide, methionine enkephalin (MENK) regulates apoptosis positively and negatively depending on cell type, but the role of MENK in osteocyte apoptosis, followed by bone resorption, in response to mechanical stress is still unknown. Here, we examined the roles and mechanisms of MENK in osteocyte apoptosis induced by compressive force. We loaded compressive force to mouse parietal bones, resulting in a reduction of MENK expression in osteocytes. A neutralizing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) antibody inhibited the compressive force‐induced reduction of MENK. An increase in osteocyte apoptosis in the compressive force‐loaded parietal bones was inhibited by MENK administration. Nuclear translocation of NFATc1 in osteocytes in the parietal bones was enhanced by compressive force. INCA‐6, which inhibits NFAT translocation into nuclei, suppressed the increase in osteocyte apoptosis in the compressive force‐loaded parietal bones. NFATc1‐overexpressing MLO‐Y4 cells showed increased expression of apoptosis‐related genes. MENK administration reduced the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 in osteocytes in the compressive force‐loaded parietal bones. Moreover, MENK suppressed Ca2+ influx and calcineurin and calmodulin expression, which are known to induce the nuclear translocation of NFAT in MLO‐Y4 cells. In summary, this study shows that osteocytes expressed MENK, whereas the MENK expression was suppressed by compressive force via CTGF signaling. MENK downregulated nuclear translocation of NFATc1 probably by suppressing Ca2+ signaling in osteocytes and consequently inhibiting compressive force‐induced osteocyte apoptosis, followed by bone resorption. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sonochemical synthesis and crystal structure of indium(III) complex as a modifier for electrochemical simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetylcholine
Authors: Beitollahi Hadi , Akbarzadeh‐T Niloufar , Parsa Asghar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel mixed‐ligand complex of [In(Me‐phen)Cl3(DMSO)](1) was acquired and specified via spectral approaches (IR, UV–Vis, 1H‐NMR, and luminescence), thermal evaluation such as thermogravimetric, differential thermal analyses, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In this study, we have also reported the nanosize of [In(Me‐phen)Cl3(DMSO)](1) that has been synthesized via the sonochemical process. Characterization of nanoparticle(1) was carried out via X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sample size assembled via the sonochemical approach was approximately 20 nm. Also, a novel screen‐printed electrode modified with indium nanocomplex (In NC/SPE) was developed. An electrochemical examination of the adjusted electrode in addition to its efficiency in dopamine electro‐oxidation is explained. It was proven that dopamine oxidation at adjusted electrode surface takes place at 150 mV potential less positive compared to an unadjusted screen‐printed electrode. The relevant detection limit for dopamine was 2.0 × 10−7 M via differential pulse voltammetry. Moreover, the adjusted electrode was utilized to simultaneously determine dopamine and acetylcholine. Lastly, the adjusted electrode was utilized to determine dopamine and acetylcholine within real specimens.