bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: distinct associations with DNA methylation and genetic variation
Authors: Goodman Sarah J. , Burton Christie L. , Butcher Darci T. , Siu Michelle T. , Lemire Mathieu , Chater-Diehl Eric , Turinsky Andrei L. , Brudno Michael , Soreni Noam , Rosenberg David , Fitzgerald Kate D. , Hanna Gregory L. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Arnold Paul D. , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell , Weksberg Rosanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of research has demonstrated associations between specific neurodevelopmental disorders and variation in DNA methylation (DNAm), implicating this molecular mark as a possible contributor to the molecular etiology of these disorders and/or as a novel disease biomarker. Furthermore, genetic risk variants of neurodevelopmental disorders have been found to be enriched at loci associated with DNAm patterns, referred to as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs).MethodsWe conducted two epigenome-wide association studies in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (aged 4–18 years) using DNA extracted from saliva. DNAm data generated on the Illumina Human Methylation 450 K array were used to examine the interaction between genetic variation and DNAm patterns associated with these disorders.ResultsUsing linear regression followed by principal component analysis, individuals with the most endorsed symptoms of ADHD or OCD were found to have significantly more distinct DNAm patterns from controls, as compared to all cases. This suggested that the phenotypic heterogeneity of these disorders is reflected in altered DNAm at specific sites. Further investigations of the DNAm sites associated with each disorder revealed that despite little overlap of these DNAm sites across the two disorders, both disorders were significantly enriched for mQTLs within our sample.ConclusionsOur DNAm data provide insights into the regulatory changes associated with genetic variation, highlighting their potential utility both in directing GWAS and in elucidating the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
The demographic profile and the management of infantile inguinal hernia: a 3-year’s review
Authors: Aihole Jayalaxmi Shripati 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Inguinal hernia in neonates and infants including children is as a result of failure of processes vaginalis to close. Once diagnosed, it should be promptly repaired on elective basis to prevent possible risk of bowel incarceration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical profile, management, and outcome of infantile inguinal hernia.

Methods
Aim of this prospective clinical study was to clinically evaluate the infants with clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia admitted in our tertiary child care institute from January 2014 to December 2017 over a period of three years. The design of this study was to assess the clinical profile, management and outcome of infantile inguinal hernia. Study was conducted in a tertiary care neonatal and paediatric referral centre in southern India. Infants less than 1 year including neonates were selected for this study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The maximum follow-up period was 5 years.

Results
A total of 118 infants admitted with clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia were included in the present study. They were grouped as per their clinical diagnosis and age on admission into two groups; 0 to 6 months as group I and more than 6 months to 12 months as group II. All of them underwent surgical repair as soon as diagnosed. Overall survival rate was 100%. There was no operative mortality 0/118 (0%). Rate of recurrence was 0.034% without any surgical site infections.

Conclusion
Early surgical intervention in the form of inguinal herniotomy is the most appropriate management of inguinal hernia in infants including the neonates as soon as diagnosed on elective basis.
Birth size and morphological femininity in adult women
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Nowak Judyta , Pawłowski Bogusław 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWomen’s morphological femininity is perceived to develop under the influence of sex hormones and to serve as a cue of estradiol level, fertility and health in mating context. However, as the studies on direct relationship between femininity and sex steroid levels have reported mixed results, it is still not well understood what factors contribute to inter-women variation in morphological femininity. Epidemiological studies show that indicators of adverse conditions during intrauterine growth and development in utero, such as low birthweight or relative thinness at birth, influence women’s physiology ovarian functioning and may be associated with life-time exposure to estradiol in women. Thus, here we tested if birth parameters are also related with the level of morphological femininity in adult women.ResultsOne hundred sixty-five healthy women of mean age 28.47 years (SD = 2.39) participated in the study. Facial femininity was estimated based on facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and facial shape sexual dimorphism measured in the photos. Body femininity was estimated based on waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and breast size. Birth weight and birth length were obtained from medical records and ponderal index at birth was calculated. No relationship between birth parameters and facial or body femininity in women of reproductive age was found, also when controlled for adult sex steroid levels and BMI.ConclusionsThe results suggest that, although previous research showed that birth parameters predict reproductive development and adult oestradiol level, they do not explain the variance in morphological femininity in women of reproductive age, trait that is thought to be a cue of a woman’s estradiol level and fertility in mating context.
Suitability and realism of the novel Fix for Life cadaver model for videolaryngoscopy and fibreoptic tracheoscopy in airway management training
Authors: van Emden Michael W. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Schober Patrick , Schwarte Lothar A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundVideolaryngoscopy is increasingly advocated as the standard intubation technique, while fibreoptic intubation is broadly regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for difficult airways. Traditionally, the training of these techniques is on patients, though manikins, simulators and cadavers are also used, with their respective limitations. In this study, we investigated whether the novel ‘Fix for Life’ (F4L) cadaver model is a suitable and realistic model for the teaching of these two intubation techniques to novices in airway management.MethodsForty consultant anaesthetists and senior trainees were instructed to perform tracheal intubation with videolaryngoscopy and fibreoptic tracheoscopy in four F4L cadaver models. The primary outcome measure was the verbal rating scores (scale 1–10, higher scores indicate a better rating) for suitability and for realism of the F4L cadavers as training model for these techniques. Secondary outcomes included success rates of the procedures and the time to successful completion of the procedures.ResultsThe mean verbal rating scores for suitability and realism for videolaryngoscopy was 8.3 (95% CI, 7.9–8.6) and 7.2 (95% CI, 6.7–7.6), respectively. For fibreoptic tracheoscopy, suitability was 8.2 (95% CI, 7.9–8.5) and realism 7.5 (95% CI, 7.1–7.8). In videolaryngoscopy, 100% of the procedures were successful. The mean (SD) time until successful tracheal intubation was 34.8 (30.9) s. For fibreoptic tracheoscopy, the success rate was 96.3%, with a mean time of 89.4 (80.1) s.ConclusionsWe conclude that the F4L cadaver model is a suitable and realistic model to train and teach tracheal intubation with videolaryngoscopy and fibreoptic tracheoscopy to novices in airway management training.
Pain management after ambulatory surgery: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded parallel controlled trial comparing nalbuphine and tramadol
Authors: Guan Yu-jiao , Wei Lai , Liao Qin , Fang Qi-wu , He Nong , Han Chong-fang , Miao Chang-hong , Luo Gang-jian , Wang Han-bing , Cheng Hao , Guo Qu-lian , Cheng Zhi-gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain in ambulatory surgery is a multifactorial issue affecting patient satisfaction, time of discharge, and rehospitalization. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nalbuphine for the treatment of postoperative pain after ambulatory surgery, relative to tramadol.MethodsThis multi-center, randomized, double blind, and controlled study was conducted at 10 centers. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 492 ambulatory surgery patients were recruited. These patients had moderate to severe pain after ambulatory surgery, with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score > 3 cm. They were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 248) or control (n = 244) group and treated for analgesia with 0.2 mg/kg of nalbuphine or 2 mg/kg of tramadol, respectively. VAS scores, adverse events, and vital signs of the patients were recorded before administration (baseline; T1); and 30 min (T2), 2 h (T3), 4 h (T4), and 6 h (T5) after administration of analgesia. A decrease in pain intensity of more than 25% compared with the baseline was used as an indicator of analgesic efficacy. The experimental and control groups were compared with regard to this indicator of efficacy at each timepoint.ResultsThe VAS scores of the experimental and control groups were statistically comparable at timepoints T1-T4. At T5, the VAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control. The pain intensity was significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control at T2and T3. Adverse events and vital signs were similar for the two groups at each timepoint.ConclusionsNalbuphine can provide effective and safe pain relief in patients after ambulatory surgery.Trial registrationThe registration number isChiCTR-IOR-16010032, the date of registration was 2016-11-28.
Comparison of bailout and planned rotational atherectomy for severe coronary calcified lesions
Authors: Cao Cheng-fu , Ma Yu-liang , Li Qi , Liu Jian , Zhao Hong , Lu Ming-yu , Wang Wei-min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare outcomes of bailout and planned rotational atherectomy (RA) in the treatment of severe calcified coronary lesions.

Methods
Data of patients treated with RA from 2017 to 2018 at a single-center registry were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into planned RA and bailout RA groups, data between two groups were compared.

Results
A total of 190 patients were included in this study, 138 patients received planned RA and 52 patients received bailout RA. Baseline clinical characteristics had no significant differences between groups. The number of implanted stents and total stents length were similar. But the number of balloon (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.3, P < 0.001), procedure time (83.5 ± 26.2 vs. 100.8 ± 36.4 min, P = 0.007), fluoroscopy volume (941 ± 482 vs. 1227 ± 872 mGy, P = 0.012] and contrast amount (237 ± 62 vs. 275 ± 90 ml, P = 0.003) were all lower in planned RA group. Planned RA had a higher procedural success rate (99.3% vs. 92.3%, P = 0.007) and a lower complication incidence (4.3% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.009). But the primary outcomes at 3 years (9.2 and 16.6%, log rank p = 0.24) had no difference between groups.

Conclusions
For severe coronary artery calcification, although planned RA did not improved the long term prognosis compared with bailout RA, but it can improve the immediate procedural success rate, reduce the incidence of complications, the procedure time and the volume of contrast.
A new diagnostic work-up for defining anemia etiologies: a cohort study in patients ≥ 50 years in general practices
Authors: Schop A. , Stouten K. , Riedl J. A. , van Houten R. J. , Leening M. J. G. , van Rosmalen J. , Bindels P. J. E. , Levin M-D 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo study etiologies of anemia using an extensive laboratory analysis in general practices.MethodAn extensive laboratory analysis was performed in blood of newly diagnosed anemia patients aged ≥50 years from the general population in the city of Dordrecht area, the Netherlands. Eight laboratory-orientated etiologies of anemia were defined. Patients were assigned one or more of these etiologies on the basis of their test results.ResultsBlood of 4152 patients (median age 75 years; 49% male) was analyzed. The anemia etiology was unclear in 20%; a single etiology was established in 59%; and multiple etiologies in 22% of the patients. The most common etiologies were anemia of chronic disease (ACD) (54.5%), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (19.1%) and renal anemia (13.8%). The most common single etiologies were IDA (82%) and ACD (68%), while the multiple etiologies most commonly included folic acid deficiency (94%) and suspected bone marrow disease (88%). Older age was associated with a lower incidence of IDA and a higher incidence of renal anemia. Mild anemia was more often associated with ACD and uncertain anemia, while severe anemia was mainly seen in patients with IDA.ConclusionExtensive laboratory analysis in anemic patients from the general population helped clarify the etiology of anemia and revealed many various combinations of etiologies in a significant proportion of patients. Age, sex and the severity of anemia are predictive of the underlying etiology.
Relationship between time-varying status of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori and progression to long-segment Barrett’s esophagus: time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards analysis
Authors: Usui Genki , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Jinno Toyohisa , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Morikawa Teppei , Gunji Toshiaki , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundReflux esophagitis (RE) and absence ofHelicobacter pylori(non-H. pylori) are considered to be associated with the progression to long-segment Barrett’s esophagus (LSBE). However, it is difficult to assess this association because RE andH. pyloristatus can change during follow-up. Additionally, the association betweenH. pylorieradication and LSBE remains unclear.MethodsA total of 11,493 asymptomatic Japanese subjects who underwent medical check-ups and were endoscopically diagnosed with short-segment Barrett’s esophagus (SSBE) between May 2006 and December 2015 were enrolled. The hazards of progression to LSBE were compared between time-varying RE andH. pyloriinfection/eradication by time-dependent multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 7637 subjects who underwent additional medical check-ups after being diagnosed with endoscopic SSBE were analyzed. Subjects with RE and without current/pastH. pyloriinfection were strongly associated with a higher rate of progression to LSBE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 7.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.48–20.73,p < 0.001 for RE and non-H. pylorivs. non-RE andH. pylorigroups). Subjects withH. pylorihad a lower rate of progression to LSBE (adjusted HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22–1.07,p = 0.07 forH. pylorivs. non-H. pylori). Hazards of progression to LSBE were still lower in theH. pylorieradication group than that of the non-H. pylorigroup (adjusted HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.18–1.46,p = 0.21).ConclusionsRE and non-H. pyloriwere associated with the progression to LSBE, considering the changes in exposures.H. pyloriinfection was associated with the prevention of the development of LSBE irrespective of RE. The environment preventive of the development of LSBE persists for at least a few years afterH. pylorieradication.
Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Strozza Cosmo , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Egidi Viviana , Loreti Claudia , Vannetti Federica , Macchi Claudio ,   for the Mugello Study Working Group, Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Boni Roberta , Castagnoli Chiara , Cecchi Francesca , Cesari Francesca , Epifani Francesco , Frandi Roberta , Giusti Betti , Luisi Maria Luisa Eliana , Marcucci Rossella , Molino-Lova Raffaello , Paperini Anita , Razzolini Lorenzo , Sofi Francesco , Turcan Nona , Valecchi Debora , Padua Luca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Health, as defined by the WHO, is a multidimensional concept that includes different aspects. Interest in the health conditions of the oldest-old has increased as a consequence of the phenomenon of population aging. This study investigates whether (1) it is possible to identify health profiles among the oldest-old, taking into account physical, emotional and psychological information about health, and (2) there are demographic and socioeconomic differences among the health profiles.

Methods
Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis.

Results
This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: “healthy”, “physically healthy with cognitive impairment”, “unhealthy”, and “severely unhealthy”. Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found to be associated with the final groups: older nonagenarians are more likely to be in worse health conditions; men are in general healthier than women; more educated individuals are less likely to be in extremely poor health conditions, while the lowest-educated are more likely to be cognitively impaired; and office or intellectual workers are less likely to be in poor health conditions than are farmers.

Conclusions
Considering multiple dimensions of health to determine health profiles among the oldest-old could help to better evaluate their care needs according to their health status.
Intraoperative lumbar drainage can prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage during transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Jiahe , Song Rui , Huan Renzheng , Huang Ning , Chen Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Perioperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a major complication of pituitary adenomas transsphenoidal surgery. Lumbar drainage (LD) is a common method of treating CSF leakage. But whether intraoperative LD can prevent CSF leakage during the perioperative period of pituitary adenomas transsphenoidal surgery remains controversial. Clarity on the appropriate use of LD is needed.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of science databases. Articles were included when they compared intraoperative LD with intraoperative no-LD CSF leakage rates during pituitary adenomas transsphenoidal surgery.

Results
Overall, 5 studies containing 678 cases met the inclusion criteria. When data were provided on intraoperative CSF leakage rates, the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in favor of intraoperative LD. When data were provided on postoperative CSF leakage rates, the meta-analysis also demonstrated a significant difference in favor of intraoperative LD.

Conclusions
Although the results of this meta-analysis suggest intraoperative LD can reduce the risk of CSF leakage during the perioperative period of pituitary adenomas transsphenoidal surgery, the available evidence is indefinite. To some extent the results suggest intraoperative LD’s potential positive role. Further studies that include well-designed prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary for further verification.
Supporting the patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers: what are their palliative care needs?
Authors: Chua Gek Phin , Pang Grace Su Yin , Yee Alethlea Chung Pheng , Neo Patricia Soek Hui , Zhou Siqin , Lim Cindy , Wong Yin Yee , Qu Debra Limin , Pan Fang Ting , Yang Grace Meijuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact and consequences of cancer on the patients and their family caregivers (FCs) are closely intertwined. Caregivers’ burdens can be increased due to the patients’ unmet needs and unresolved problems. Additionally, the caregivers’ unmet needs may adversely affect their own well-being and the patients’ health outcomes. This study aims to determine the palliative care needs and the factors associated with these needs in patients with advanced solid cancer and their FCs.MethodsIn a cross-sectional survey, 599 patients with advanced solid tumours and 599 FCs were recruited from the largest ambulatory cancer centre and the inpatient ward of the largest hospital in Singapore. Determinants of patients’ and FCs’ needs were assessed by the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool (CNAT) and CNAT-C respectively. Clinical characteristics of patients were obtained from medical records.ResultsThe FCs (median age 51 years) were younger than the patients (median age 62 years), and were mostly female (62.6%) whereas the gender distribution of patients was quite balanced (49.2% male and 50.8% female). Both patients and FCs had “information” and “practical support” in their top three domains of palliative care needs. The second highest domain of needs was “psychological problems” (16.4 ± 21.5) in patients and “health-care staff” (23.4 ± 26.5) in FCs. The item that had the highest need score in “information” domain for both patients and FCs was “financial support for patients, either from government and/ or private organizations”. Under clinical setting, the inpatients (19.2 ± 16.4) and their FCs (26.0 ± 19.0) tend to have higher needs than the outpatients (10.5 ± 12.1) and their FCs (14.7 ± 14.3). In terms of palliative care, higher total CNAT score was observed in both patients (16.6 ± 12.9 versus 13.3 ± 15.2) and their FCs (25.1 ± 18.6 versus 17.7 ± 16.7) who received palliative care. In terms of patients’ KPS scores, patients with lower KPS scores tend to have higher needs.ConclusionOverall, the findings confirm that patients with advanced cancer and their FCs have many palliative care needs irrespective of their clinical settings. Initiatives and interventions for the development of a comprehensive support system for both patients with advanced cancer and their FCs are warranted and can be derived from these findings.
Bilateral cellulitis caused by invasive aspergillosis associated with bilateral intraorbital abscesses: a case report
Authors: Wu Jiahui , Zhou Hao , Wei Ruili , Cheng Jinwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Orbital invasive aspergillosis infection is rare life-threatening infection, most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients and extremely rare in individuals without risk factors. Here we present a rare case of bilateral cellulitis caused by invasive aspergillosis associated with bilateral intraorbital abscesses in a female patient.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of painful proptosis and periorbital swelling of bilateral eyes. She was initially diagnosed as bilateral orbital cellulitis complicated with cavernous sinus thrombosis and was treated with antibiotic medication for 1 month, but her symptoms persisted. MRI demonstrated orbital masses behind both globes. The lesion in right orbit was biopsied with a diagnosis of orbital granulomatosis with invasive aspergillosis infection. The patient was healed after receiving antifungal treatment.

Conclusions
This is an unusual case about bilateral orbital abscesses with invasive fungal infection. Fungal infection of the orbit should be considered when patient does not respond to combination of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapies, even in some cases without any risk factors.