bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Several Interpreted Pile Capacity Criteria for Large-Diameter Open-Ended Piles
Authors: Kodsy Antonio , Machairas Nikolaos , Iskander Magued G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The interpretation of field load tests on piles has many important practical considerations especially with respect to identifying the capacity of a pile. A number of interpretation criteria have been used in the past. With the increase in the use of large-diameter open-ended piles (LDOEPs) for support of infrastructure projects, it is important to ascertain that the interpretation criteria are suitable for LDOEPs. Fourteen of the most commonly used interpretation criteria were chosen for investigation in an effort to determine the best criterion to be used for LDOEPs. These methods were evaluated using a database of 68 load tests conducted on LDOEPs. The applicability of these criteria and their correlation with each other was examined. The effects of the pile diameter, pile length, and the soil type on the performance of each criterion were investigated, as well as the capacities corresponding to several serviceability limit states. It was concluded that none of these methods was superior to the others, and their performance was somewhat correlated. The original Davisson offset method and the New York City Building Code (NYCBC) criteria performed best in comparison to the average of all methods exhibiting the highest accuracy and the lowest of the standard deviations for the load tests considered. A variation of the NYCBC criterion is proposed for LDOEPs, where the capacity is taken at the smallest of (1) a settlement corresponding to the elastic compression plus 0.75 in. (20 mm); (2) the capacity at plunging or strain-softening; or (3) settlement corresponding to 5 % of the pile diameter, unless the settlement threshold is modified by the structural engineer of record. The proposed criterion is not influenced by diameter, length, or soil type. Additionally, the proposed criterion is well correlated with several well-known published criteria and introduces safeguards against capacities corresponding to excessive settlement in slender piles.
Basal Ganglia Output Has a Permissive Non-Driving Role in a Signaled Locomotor Action Mediated by the Midbrain
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Chabbert Dorian , Shanmugasundaram Bharanidharan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A. 
Published: December 2020

The basal ganglia are important for movement and reinforcement learning. Using mice of either sex, we found that the main basal ganglia GABAergic output in the midbrain, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), shows movement-related neural activity during the expression of a negatively reinforced signaled locomotor action known as signaled active avoidance; this action involves mice moving away during a warning signal to avoid a threat. In particular, many SNr neurons deactivate during active avoidance responses. However, whether SNr deactivation has an essential role driving or regulating active avoidance responses is unknown. We found that optogenetic excitation of SNr or striatal GABAergic fibers that project to an area in the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) within the midbrain locomotor region abolishes signaled active avoidance responses, while optogenetic inhibition of SNr cells (mimicking the SNr deactivation observed during an active avoidance behavior) serves as an effective conditioned stimulus signal to drive avoidance responses by disinhibiting PPT neurons. However, preclusion of SNr deactivation, or direct inhibition of SNr fibers in the PPT, does not impair the expression of signaled active avoidance, indicating that SNr output does not drive the expression of a signaled locomotor action mediated by the midbrain. Consistent with a permissive regulatory role, SNr output provides information about the state of the ongoing action to downstream structures that mediate the action.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Excitation of GABAergic cells in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the main output of the basal ganglia, blocks signaled active avoidance, while inhibition of SNr cells is an effective stimulus to drive active avoidance. Interestingly, many SNr cells inhibit their firing during active avoidance responses, suggesting that SNr inhibition could be driving avoidance responses by disinhibiting downstream areas. However, interfering with the modulation of SNr cells does not impair the behavior. Thus, SNr may regulate the active avoidance movement in downstream areas that mediate the behavior, but does not drive it.
The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions
Authors: Cheng Jinxuan , Scala Federico , Blanco Francisco A. , Niu Sanyong , Firozi Karen , Keehan Laura , Mulherkar Shalaka , Froudarakis Emmanouil , Li Lingyong , Duman Joseph G. , Jiang Xiaolong , Tolias Kimberley F. 
Published: December 2020

The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development and associated memory processes. In the hippocampus, Tiam1 is predominantly expressed in the DG throughout life. Global deletion ofTiam1in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced dendritic spine density, and diminished excitatory synaptic transmission. Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally inTiam1KO mice, resembling WT mice at postnatal day 21 (P21), but fail to stabilize, leading to dendrite and synapse loss by P42. These results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in development. Tiam1 loss also increases the survival, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integration as a result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs. Strikingly, both male and female mice lacking Tiam1 exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. Together, these results suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocampal circuits. Moreover, based on the enhanced memory phenotype ofTiam1KO mice, Tiam1 may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders involving memory impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dentate gyrus (DG) is important for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling DG formation and function remain elusive. By characterizing mice lacking the Rac-GEF Tiam1, we demonstrate that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whereas it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration. Notably, mice lacking Tiam1 also exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. These findings establish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible therapeutic target for memory enhancement.
Metode Studi Kasus : Upaya-Upaya Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru
Authors: Yohanda Reski 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman guru tentang bagaimana cara mengatasi masalah siswa yang didalam dirinya tertanam sifat pemalas disertai kurangnya minat belajar dan motivasi. Judul penelitian ini adalah Upaya Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah; 1) Bagaimana upaya Guru PAI di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru dalam mengatasi masalah yang terdapat disetiap individu siswa?, 2) Apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat upaya guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam belajar PAI pada siswa kelas XI Di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru?, 3) Metode apakah yang digunakan guru dalam memacu motivas siswa dalam belajar?, 4) Apa saja permasalahan yang terjadi dalam proses belajar mengajar sehingga dibutuhkannya motivasi dalam belajar?, 5) Apakah dengan meningkatkan motivasi dalam belajar, ada pengaruhnya dalam proses belajar siswa?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus, yaitu penelitian yang menyajikan informasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang sesuatu hal secara mendalam. Maka dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan menggunakan metode studi kasus untuk mengungkap tentang bagaimana upaya-upaya guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru
Complicações durante a sessão de hemodiálise
Authors: Evaristo Lidiane Silva , Cunha Adriele Pantoja , Morais Cristiano Gonçalves , Samselski Bruna Jacó Lima , Esposito Emanuel Pinheiro , Miranda Monica Karla Vojta , Gouvea-e-Silva Luiz Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: analisar as intercorrências durante a sessão de hemodiálise em um hospital público de referência.
Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo realizado a partir da coleta de informações em 63 prontuários de pacientes admitidos no setor de hemodiálise de um hospital público de referência no município de Santarém, Pará, Brasil, de agosto de 2008 a dezembro de 2017, em que foram observadas as intercorrências durante o seu primeiro ano de tratamento. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial (Quiquadrado, p < 0,05) com apoio do programa BioEstat 5.3.
Resultados: o sexo masculino predominou (52,4 %) com faixa etária de 60 ou mais anos (33,4 %) e a idade média foi de 53,4 ± 14,1 anos. Quanto às intercorrências, foram notificados 45 tipos, dos quais a hipotensão (12 %), a cefaleia (9,5 %), o mal-estar (8,4 %), a hipertensão (8,2 %), a hipoglicemia (6,4 %) e câimbras (5,9 %) foram as mais frequentes. As doenças de base mais evidenciadas foram o diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial, enquanto a anemia predominou nas comorbidades.
Conclusões: as principais intercorrências encontradas foram a hipotensão, a cefaleia e o mal-estar, não havendo associação estatística entrea quantidade de intercorrências e a idade, o sexo, a doença de base e a presença de anemia.
Perfil da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Norte (2008-2017)
Authors: Monteiro de Araújo Lucyana Augusta , Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Lima Jônia Cybele Santos , Farias Laísla Ludmyla Sousa de , Nascimento Jânio Luiz do , Assis Luan Thallyson Dantas de , Cardoso Géssica Rodrigues , Lins Deborah Jennifer de Paiva , Lima Mariel Wágner Holanda 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: caracterizar a mortalidade neonatal precoce e tardia no estado do Rio Grande do Norte de 2008 a 2017.
Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico descritivo, temporal de abordagem quantitativa retrospectiva, comdados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) sobre os óbitos neonatais ocorridos entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2017 no estado do Rio Grande do Norte por local de moradia.
Resultados: a amostra foi composta de um total de 4.531 óbitos, sendo mais prevalente óbito neonatal precoce (79,65 %), sexo masculino (54,71 %), gestação inferior a 27 semanas (34,05 %), parto do tipo vaginal (49,93 %), recém-nascidos com peso menor que 2.500 g (68,57 %) e mães com escolaridade entre 8 e 11 anos de estudo. Entre 2008, ano inicial de coleta, e 2017, ano final, a mortalida-de neonatal apresentou redução de 23,83 %. A mortalidade masculina se apresentou maior que a feminina em todos os anos, com variação entre 0,09 e 0,08 respectivamente. O teste de qui-quadrado de independência mostrou que existe associação entre o tipo de parto e a mortalidade neonatal p < 0,001.
Conclusão: os dados da pesquisa evidenciam a redução da mortalidade neonatal no estado, ao mesmo tempo que aponta para a necessidade do fortalecimento de ações no período gestacional a fim de evitar condições favoráveis à mortalidade infantil, como a prematuridade e a desnutrição. Outro dado comprovado refere-se ao preenchimento das declarações de nascido vivo e óbito, visto que muitas variáveis apresentaram o item “ignorado” referente ao preenchimento incorreto ou não preenchimento da informação.
Condição dentária de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Dutra Laio da Costa , Seabra Eduardo , Dutra Gláucya , Silva Alexandre , Lucena Eudes 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a condição dentária e a dimensão vertical em pacientes portadores de DTM, bem como a idade e origem da DTM.Metodologia Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, observacional de corte transversal, com uma amostra de trinta pacientes com DTM, diagnosticado pelo Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Esta amostra foi determinada através de estimativas de atendimento, desta forma, uma amostra de conveniência. A associação entre o gênero, idade, dimensão vertical e condição dentária com DTM foram verificadas através do teste estatístico qui-quadrado, com intervalos de confiança de 95%.Resultados Constatou-se que 26 pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Quinze sujeitos apresentaram idade inferior a 36,5 anos. Quanto a origem da DTM, 19 sujeitos tinham desordem articular, e 11 muscular. Determinou-se que não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis independentes com a DTM.Conclusão Os fatores etiológicos analisados isoladamente parecem não influenciam de forma única no desenvolvimento da DTM, mas poderão atuar em conjunto com outros fatores, já que a sua causa é multifatorial.
Assessment of the Utility of Kidney Histology as a Basis for Discarding Organs in the United States: A Comparison of International Transplant Practices and Outcomes
Authors: Reese Peter P. , Aubert Olivier , Naesens Maarten , Huang Edmund , Potluri Vishnu , Kuypers Dirk , Bouquegneau Antoine , Divard Gillian , Raynaud Marc , Bouatou Yassine , Vo Ashley , Glotz Denis , Legendre Christophe , Lefaucheur Carmen , Jordan Stanley , Empana Jean-Philippe , Jouven Xavier , Loupy Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

Background
Many kidneys donated for transplant in the United States are discarded because of abnormal histology. Whether histology adds incremental value beyond usual donor attributes in assessing allograft quality is unknown.

Methods
This population-based study included patients who received a deceased donor kidney that had been biopsied before implantation according to a prespecified protocol in France and Belgium, where preimplantation biopsy findings are generally not used for decision making in the allocation process. We also studied kidneys that had been acquired from deceased United States donors for transplantation that were biopsied during allocation and discarded because of low organ quality. Using donor and recipient characteristics, we fit multivariable Cox models for death-censored graft failure and examined whether predictive accuracy (C index) improved after adding donor histology. We matched the discarded United States kidneys to similar kidneys transplanted in Europe and calculated predicted allograft survival.

Results
In the development cohort of 1629 kidney recipients at two French centers, adding donor histology to the model did not significantly improve prediction of long-term allograft failure. Analyses using an external validation cohort from two Belgian centers confirmed the lack of improved accuracy from adding histology. About 45% of 1103 United States kidneys discarded because of histologic findings could be accurately matched to very similar kidneys that had been transplanted in France; these discarded kidneys would be expected to have allograft survival of 93.1% at 1 year, 80.7% at 5 years, and 68.9% at 10 years.

Conclusions
In this multicenter study, donor kidney histology assessment during allocation did not provide substantial incremental value in ascertaining organ quality. Many kidneys discarded on the basis of biopsy findings would likely benefit United States patients who are wait listed.
Sex-specific Associations of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin with CKD and Kidney Function: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhao Jie V. , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: December 2020

Significance Statement
CKD exhibits sexual disparity, with renal function declining faster in men, which differences in sex hormone levels partially explain. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which modulates sex hormones, may also affect kidney function and contribute to the disparity. Mendelian randomization, a novel study design that considers genetic variants randomly allocated at conception, was applied to minimize residual confounding. The investigation is the largest sex-specific, genome-wide association study of SHBG variation on the largest cohort study of Europeans, the United Kingdom Biobank. Genetically predicted higher SHBG level was associated with lower risk of CKD and better kidney function in men but not in women. Identifying factors affecting SHBG, and underlying pathways, could provide new insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Background
Kidney function declines faster in men. Testosterone levels may mediate the sex disparity. Correspondingly, levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which modulates sex hormones, might also be relevant to the lower kidney function in men. The sex-specific role of SHBG is unclear.

Methods
A sex-specific, Mendelian randomization (MR) study provided unconfounded estimates of SHBG levels among the United Kingdom Biobank population. Univariable MR applied 357 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men and 359 SNPs in women. These published SNPs strongly (P<5×10−8) predict SHBG level. They were profiled in 179,916 white British men (6016 patients with CKD) and 212,079 white British women (5958 patients with CKD), to obtain the effect of SHBG on CKD, albuminuria, and eGFR. Multivariable MR controlling for testosterone was used to assess the effect of SHBG on CKD and kidney function independent of testosterone in men.

Results
Genetically predicted higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk of CKD in men (odds ratio [OR], 0.78 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65 to 0.93) but had no benefit in women. The effect in men remained in multivariable MR, allowing for testosterone (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.82).

Conclusions
Genetically predicted higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk of CKD and better kidney function in men, but not in women, suggesting that SHBG may play a role in CKD specifically in men. Identifying drivers of SHBG and the underlying pathways could provide new insights into CKD prevention and treatment.
Operational Capabilities during Crisis: The Chilean Seismographic Network
Authors: Barrientos Sergio Eduardo , Riquelme Sebastian ,   the CSN Team
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe severe mobility restrictions imposed countrywide by authorities of Chile in response to the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have impacted all areas of activities. Major difficulties began in March 2020, with partial quarantines in the capital city, which later extended to other cities in the country, and it soon transformed in total confinement. We examine the evolution of the pandemic and its consequences on the field and headquarters operations of the National Seismological Centre (CSN), as remote stations could not be visited to carry out maintenance work. Several indicators, as a function of time, such as station operability percentage, timely reports, and ability to deliver requested information, reveal some negative impact on the uptime of stations but not in the capability of the CSN to fulfill its mission, which is to deliver timely seismic information to emergency services. The largest event in the country within this period took place on 3 June 2020, activating in a timely manner, the new tools on finite-fault modeling being developed within the center.
Fatores de vulnerabilidades em itinerários terapêuticos de doenças raras: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Felipe Raquiel Naiele Ramos , Rosaneli Caroline Filla , Da Cunha Thiago Rocha , Munhoz Claudia Jaqueline Martinez 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: O artigo preocupa-se em ampliar a compreensão sobre conflitos éticos vivenciados por pacientes de doenças raras, identificandoos principais fatores de vulnerabilidades em itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas que vivem nessa condição.Método: Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida nas bases de dados internacionais, publicada entre os anos de 2000 a 2016, compreendendo os idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados, a partir da análise qualitativa dos estudos selecionados, possibilitaram identificar os seguintes fatores de vulnerabilidades: falta de informações; despreparo profissional; dificuldade de se chegar a um diagnóstico; longos caminhos percorridos/ diversos serviços de saúde; faltam privacidade e autonomia na participação em pesquisas dedoenças raras; dificuldades de tratamentos e/ ou tratamentos de auto custo; dificuldades financeiras/empobrecimento; falta de organização e estrutura dos serviços de saúde; acolhimento diferenciado seja por discriminação, privações e/ou estigmatização, e sofrimento emocional.Conclusão: Ao discutir essas diferentes dimensões da vulnerabilidade a partir do campo da bioética, o artigo concluí pela necessidade de abordar os itinerários terapêuticos a partir de novas perspectivas interdisciplinares, buscando garantir o respeito ao direito à vida, à saúde e à proteção da dignidade das pessoas que vivem com doenças raras.