bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of herbicide resistance in weeds in a crop rotation with acetolactate synthase‐tolerant sugar beets under varying selection pressure
Authors: Löbmann A , Christen O , Petersen J 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe development of acetolactate synthase (ALS) tolerant sugar beet provides new opportunities for weed control in sugar beet cultivation. The system consists of an ALS−inhibiting herbicide (foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl) and a herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet variety. Previously, the use of ALS‐inhibitors in sugar beet was limited due to the susceptibility of the crop to active ingredients from this mode of action. The postulated benefits of cultivation of the ALS‐tolerant sugar beet are associated with potential risks. Up to now, with no relevant proportion of herbicide‐tolerant crops in Germany, ALS‐inhibitors are used in many different crops. An additional use in sugar beet cultivation could increase the selection pressure for ALS‐resistant weeds. To evaluate the impact of varying intensity of ALS‐inhibitor use on two weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides and Tripleurospermum perforatum) in a crop rotation, field trials were conducted in Germany in two locations from 2014 to 2017. Weed densities, genetic resistance background and crop yields were annually assessed. The results indicate that it is possible to control ALS‐resistant weeds with an adapted herbicide strategy in a crop rotation including herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet. According to the weed density and species, the herbicide strategy must be extended to graminicide treatment in sugar beet, and a residual herbicide must be used in winter wheat. The spread of resistant biotypes in our experiments could not be attributed to the integration of herbicide‐tolerant cultivars, although the application of ALS‐inhibitors promoted the development of resistant weed populations. Annual use of ALS‐inhibitors resulted in significant high weed densities and caused seriously yield losses. Genetic analysis of surviving weed plants confirmed the selection of ALS‐resistant biotypes.
Data Analysis for the Preventive Maintenance of Machinery
Authors: Piqueras Ricardo , Fernandez-Crehuet Jose Maria 
Published: October 2019

This article shows the importance of data for the resolution of current problems, through a case study of preventive maintenance of a company’s machines. From a given inspection of the condition of the machines, enough data is obtained to simulate the operation of the machines under specific conditions using Python programming environment, for a long enough period of time to obtain reliable information about the machines’ lifetime. By using “R”, the statistical analysis of the data is performed to determine the optimal period between repairs, schedule the company’s preventive maintenance and show the possibility of solving complex problems from a simple data set.
Experimental Comparison of an Annular Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Hull Against Past Model Test Data
Authors: Allen Hannah L. , Goupee Andrew J. , Viselli Anthony M. , Allen Christopher K. , Dagher Habib J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) hull technologies are evolving rapidly with many technically viable designs. However, a commercially dominant architecture has yet to emerge. Early hull designs including semisubmersible, spar, and tension leg platforms were largely derived from offshore oil and gas technologies, but recent developments in the commercial application and optimization of FOWTs have resulted in a number of unique, FOWT-specific hull configurations. One hull design of interest includes the application of a moonpool to aid in mitigating platform motion in the presence of waves. A version of this annular hull has been deployed in France and Japan. In this paper, a 6-MW version of an annular hull is studied through experimental model testing and numerical analysis. The primary portion of this work involves testing a 1/100th-scale model in the Harold Alfond Wind Wave Ocean Engineering Laboratory at the University of Maine. A secondary component of this work investigates the capability of ANSYS aqwa, a typical commercial hydrodynamic software, to recreate the wave-induced motion of a FOWT hull containing a moonpool. An additional secondary component of this study compares the wave-only performance of the annular hull to experimental data obtained for the DeepCwind semisubmersible, spar, and tension leg platform to provide context for the measured response. The results obtained show that ANSYS aqwa can adequately predict the gross response of the annular hull motion and that the moonpool design tested often exhibits greater motion than the systems tested during the DeepCwind campaign.
Pragmatic randomised clinical trial of proton versus photon therapy for patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: the Radiotherapy Comparative Effectiveness (RadComp) Consortium trial protocol
Authors: Bekelman Justin E , Lu Hien , Pugh Stephanie , Baker Kaysee , Berg Christine D , de Gonzalez Amy Berrington , Braunstein Lior Z , Bosch Walter , Chauhan Cynthia , Ellenberg Susan , Fang L Christine , Freedman Gary M , Hahn Elizabeth A , Haffty B G , Khan Atif J , Jimenez Rachel B , Kesslering Christy , Ky Bonnie , Lee Choonsik , Lu Hsiao-Ming , Mishra Mark V , Mullins C Daniel , Mutter Robert W , Nagda Suneel , Pankuch Mark , Powell Simon N , Prior Fred W , Schupak Karen , Taghian Alphonse G , Wilkinson J Ben , MacDonald Shannon M , Cahlon Oren 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionA broad range of stakeholders have called for randomised evidence on the potential clinical benefits and harms of proton therapy, a type of radiation therapy, for patients with breast cancer. Radiation therapy is an important component of curative treatment, reducing cancer recurrence and extending survival. Compared with photon therapy, the international treatment standard, proton therapy reduces incidental radiation to the heart. Our overall objective is to evaluate whether the differences between proton and photon therapy cardiac radiation dose distributions lead to meaningful reductions in cardiac morbidity and mortality after treatment for breast cancer.MethodsWe are conducting a large scale, multicentre pragmatic randomised clinical trial for patients with breast cancer who will be followed longitudinally for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, health-related quality of life and cancer control outcomes. A total of 1278 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer will be randomly allocated to receive either photon or proton therapy. The primary outcomes are major cardiovascular events, defined as myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for unstable angina, heart failure, valvular disease, arrhythmia or pericardial disease. Secondary endpoints are urgent or unanticipated outpatient or emergency room visits for heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular disease or pericardial disease. The Radiotherapy Comparative Effectiveness (RadComp) Clinical Events Centre will conduct centralised, blinded adjudication of primary outcome events.Ethics and disseminationThe RadComp trial has been approved by the institutional review boards of all participating sites. Recruitment began in February 2016. Current version of the protocol is A3, dated 08 November 2018. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, stakeholder engagement efforts and presentation to the public via lay media outlets.Trial registration numberNCT02603341
Physical work environment factors affecting risk for disability pension due to mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses among nursing professionals, care assistants and other occupations: a prospective, population-based cohort study
Authors: Gustafsson Klas , Marklund Staffan , Aronsson Gunnar , Leineweber Constanze 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo study the influence of physical work factors on the risks of future disability pension (DP) due to mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses among nursing professionals, care assistants and all other occupations in the general working population in Sweden.MethodsThe prospective population study was based on representative samples of working individuals (n=79 004) aged 16–64, interviewed in the Swedish Work Environment Survey between 1993 and 2013. Information on diagnosed DP in 1994–2014 was gathered from the Social Insurance Agency’s database. The focus was on nursing professionals (registered nurses and midwives) and care assistants, for example, assistant nurses and hospital ward assistants. The outcome was DP, classified into two diagnostic groups. Associations between physical work factors and risk of DP were calculated using Cox regression with HR and 95% CI.ResultsPhysical work factors were associated with future DP after adjusting for sociodemographic conditions and psychosocial work factors among care assistants (n=10 175) and among all other occupations (n=66 253), but not among nursing professionals (n=2576). The increased risk among care assistants (n=197) exposed to heavy physical work was 66% (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.97), and for those exposed to strenuous work postures (n=420) it was 56% (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.80). Physical work indicators were mainly associated with musculoskeletal DP diagnoses among care assistants, but two indicators were significant also for mental diagnoses. An increased risk of DP was found among nursing professionals (n=102) exposed to detergents or disinfectants (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.05), but not among care assistants.ConclusionsHeavy physical work and strenuous postures are predictors of future DP, particularly among care assistants and in the general working population. In order to reduce early exit from the workforce, efforts should be made to improve physical and ergonomic working conditions.
Study protocol: becoming and being a mother living with HIV - a multicentre longitudinal mixed methods study among pregnant women living with HIV, non-pregnant women living with HIV and pregnant women not living with HIV in a high-income setting (the 2B MOM study)
Authors: Moseholm Ellen , Fetters Micheal D , Aho Inka , Mellgren Åsa , Johansen Isik S , Storgaard Merete , Pedersen Gitte , Katzenstein Terese L , Weis Nina 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe success of combination antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of perinatal HIV transmission and normalised pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH). Despite these advances, WLWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum, and there is a gap of knowledge on the experiences of becoming and being a mother living with HIV in today’s context. The overall aim of this study is to investigate psychosocial outcomes and experiences of WLWH in Scandinavia during pregnancy and early motherhood.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre longitudinal convergent mixed methods study consisting of a quantitative survey study, a qualitative interview study and a mixed methods analysis. The survey study aims to examine psychosocial outcomes of WLWH across the pregnancy – postpartum trajectory. Participants are pregnant WLWH living in Scandinavia. Two control groups of HIV-negative pregnant women and non-pregnant WLWH are also included. Data is collected in the third trimester, 3 and 6 months postpartum using standardised questionnaires. Statistical analysis will assess changes over time and identify predictors of adverse outcomes. The interview study seeks to understand experiences of pregnancy and becoming a mother while living with HIV. Pregnant WLWH who are enrolled in the survey study will be asked to participate in individual interviews in the third trimester and 6 months postpartum. Data will be analysed using narrative analysis. The survey and interview results will be merged in a mixed methods analysis to assess confirmation, expansion or discordance between the data sets.Ethics and disseminationApproval from the Danish Data Protection Agency (VD-2018–253), and the Finnish and Swedish Ethics Committees have been obtained (HUS/1330/2019 and Dnr: 2019–04451, respectively). Study results will be disseminated to patient organisations, through publications in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.
Rehabilitation and reintegration programming adjunct to female genital fistula surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: El Ayadi Alison M , Painter Caitlyn E , Delamou Alexandre , Barr-Walker Jill , Obore Susan , Byamugisha Josaphat , Korn Abner , Barageine Justus K 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionFemale genital fistula is a debilitating traumatic injury, largely birth-associated, globally affecting up to 2 million women, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Fistula has significant physical, psychological and economic consequences. Women often face challenges in reintegrating and resuming prior roles despite successful surgery. Synthesising the evidence on services adjunct to fistula surgery and their outcomes is important for developing the evidence base for best practices and identifying research priorities. This scoping review seeks to examine the range of rehabilitation and reintegration services provided as adjunct to genital fistula surgery, map the existing programming and outcomes, and identify areas for additional research.Methods and analysisOur scoping review is informed by existing methodological frameworks and will be conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-ScR guidelines. The search strategy will be applied to nine biomedical, public health and social science databases. The initial search was completed on 27 September 2018. Grey literature will be identified through targeted Google searches and from organisational websites identified as relevant by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Campaign to End Fistula. We will iteratively build our search strategy through term harvesting and review, and search reference lists of reports and articles to identify additional studies. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening of all potentially relevant articles and standardised data extraction. Articles eligible for inclusion will discuss research or programmatic efforts around service provision in adjunct to surgery among females with genital fistula. Data will be presented in summary tables accompanied by narrative description.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for a scoping review. Our results can be used to inform policy, serve as support for funding and development of reintegration programmes and highlight areas for subsequent research. Results will be disseminated at relevant conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Academic versus non-academic neurosurgeons in China: a national cross-sectional study on workload, burnout and engagement
Authors: Yu Jinli , Gao Jiming , Chen Junyan , Sun Yirui 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesChinese neurosurgery has made great progress during the past decades; yet, little is known about the working status of neurosurgeons. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between academic and non-academic neurosurgeons, focusing on their professional burnout, job satisfaction and work engagement.DesignCross-sectional nationwide survey.Study settingThe survey was conducted in China between 2017 and 2018.ParticipantsA total number of 823 academic neurosurgeons and 379 non-academic neurosurgeons participated in this study.Outcome measuresProfessional burnout, job satisfaction and work engagement were assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Job Descriptive Index and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, respectively.ResultsThe majority of respondents were male (92.93%), less than 45 years old (85.27%) and married (79.53%). Chinese neurosurgeons worked 63.91±11.04 hours per week, and approximately 45% experienced burnout. Compared with non-academic respondents, academic neurosurgeons had longer working hours (p<0.01), higher income (p<0.01) and were less willing to get married (p<0.01). In addition, they showed a lower degree of burnout (p<0.01), a higher level of job satisfaction (p<0.01) and were more enthusiastic at work (p=0.015). Multivariate regression analyses indicated that divorced (OR 7.02, 95% CI 2.37 to 15.08) and workplace violence (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.24) were associated with burnout for both academic and non-academic respondents. Long working hours (≥71 hours per week) and low annual income (<1 00 000 RMB) were risk factors for burnout among academic neurosurgeons. For non-academic neurosurgical surgeons (age 36–45 years), working as attending doctors, serving in public hospitals and having the first house-living child were all closely related to the incidence of burnout.ConclusionChinese neurosurgeons are under significant stress particularly for the non-academic neurosurgeons. Offering better opportunities for training, promotion, higher income and safer working environments could be solutions to relieve burnout and improve career satisfaction and engagement.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800014762. This article is not linked to a clinical trial.
Protocol for establishing a child and adolescent twin register for mental health research and capacity building in Sri Lanka and other low and middle-income countries in South Asia
Authors: Jayaweera Kaushalya , Craig Jeffrey M , Zavos Helena M S , Abeysinghe Nihal , De Alwis Sunil , Andras Alina , Dissanayake Lasith , Dziedzic Krysia , Fernando Buddhika , Glozier Nick , Hewamalage Asiri , Ives Jonathan , Jordan Kelvin P , Kodituwakku Godwin , Mallen Christian , Rahman Omar , Zafar Shamsa , Saxena Alka , Rijsdijk Fruhling , Saffery Richard , Simonoff Emily , Yusuf Rita , Sumathipala Athula 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionWorldwide, 10%–20% of children and adolescents experience mental health conditions. However, most such disorders remain undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. Little is known about the factors that influence mental health in children and adolescents, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), where environmental threats, such as poverty and war, may affect optimal neurodevelopment. Cohort studies provide important information on risks and resilience across the life course by enabling tracking of the effects of early life environment on health during childhood and beyond. Large birth cohort studies, including twin cohorts that can be aetiologically informative, have been conducted within high-income countries but are not generalisable to LMIC. There are limited longitudinal birth cohort studies in LMIC.MethodsWe sought to enhance the volume of impactful research in Sri Lanka by establishing a Centre of Excellence for cohort studies. The aim is to establish a register of infant, child and adolescent twins, including mothers pregnant with twins, starting in the districts of Colombo (Western Province) and Vavuniya (Northern Province). We will gain consent from twins or parents for future research projects. This register will provide the platform to investigate the aetiology of mental illness and the impact of challenges to early brain development on future mental health. Using this register, we will be able to conduct research that will (1) expand existing research capacity on child and adolescent mental health and twin methods; (2) further consolidate existing partnerships and (3) establish new collaborations. The initiative is underpinned by three pillars: high-quality research, ethics, and patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of Sri Lanka Medical Association and Keele University’s Ethical Review Panel. In addition to journal publications, a range of PPIE activities have been conducted.
Multiple chronic conditions at a major urban health system: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of frequencies, costs and comorbidity patterns
Authors: Majumdar Usnish B , Hunt Christophe , Doupe Patrick , Baum Aaron J , Heller David J , Levine Erica L , Kumar Rashi , Futterman Robert , Hajat Cother , Kishore Sandeep P 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo (1) examine the burden of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) in an urban health system, and (2) propose a methodology to identify subpopulations of interest based on diagnosis groups and costs.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingMount Sinai Health System, set in all five boroughs of New York City, USA.Participants192 085 adult (18+) plan members of capitated Medicaid contracts between the Healthfirst managed care organisation and the Mount Sinai Health System in the years 2012 to 2014.MethodsWe classified adults as having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5+ chronic conditions from a list of 69 chronic conditions. After summarising the demographics, geography and prevalence of MCC within this population, we then described groups of patients (segments) using a novel methodology: we combinatorially defined 18 768 potential segments of patients by a pair of chronic conditions, a sex and an age group, and then ranked segments by (1) frequency, (2) cost and (3) ratios of observed to expected frequencies of co-occurring chronic conditions. We then compiled pairs of conditions that occur more frequently together than otherwise expected.Results61.5% of the study population suffers from two or more chronic conditions. The most frequent dyad was hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (19%) and the most frequent triad was diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (10%). Women aged 50 to 65 with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were the leading cost segment in the study population. Costs and prevalence of MCC increase with number of conditions and age. The disease dyads associated with the largest observed/expected ratios were pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction. Inter-borough range MCC prevalence was 16%.ConclusionsIn this low-income, urban population, MCC is more prevalent (61%) than nationally (42%), motivating further research and intervention in this population. By identifying potential target populations in an interpretable manner, this segmenting methodology has utility for health services analysts.