bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Energy Expenditure in Mechanically Ventilated Septic Shock Patients in Acute and Recovery Periods via Indirect Calorimetry
Authors: Israfilov Elmir , Kir Seher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNutrition in intensive care units (ICUs) affects morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the energy expenditure of mechanically ventilated patients in early and late septic shock periods.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated 28 mechanically ventilated septic shock patients (11 female/17 male) in a medical ICU. Indirect calorimetry (IC) measurement was performed for 24 hours during the acute and recovery periods of septic shock. The energy values calculated by Harris–Benedict equation (predicted resting energy expenditure [PREE]), measured by IC (measured resting energy expenditure [MREE]), and given to each patient were obtained in the acute and recovery periods.ResultsThe mean age was 67.46 ± 14.92 (36–91) years. The MREE was 2741.1 ± 706.3 kcal/d (38.61 ± 11.44 kcal/kg/d) and 2332.8 ± 426.6 kcal/d (32.65 ± 7.8 kcal/kg/d) in the acute and recovery periods, respectively, and showed significant differences (P = 0.001). The patients’ energy intake was 1152.7 ± 207.1 kcal/d and 1542.7 ± 433.3 kcal/d in the acute and recovery periods, respectively. A significant difference existed between energy intake and MREE during the acute and recovery periods (P < 0.001 for both).ConclusionOur findings showed that energy expenditure increases in septic shock. Significant differences existed between MREE, PREE, and energy intake, which were not correlated. The MREE was higher in the acute period. Despite the increasing energy requirement, the PREE and energy intake were well below MREE. For better clinical outcomes, each patient's energy expenditure must be closely monitored and evaluated using intermittent IC measurements.
Effects of vegetation restoration on accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in post‐mining areas
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Zhao Qinghe , Qin Chengzhe , Qin Mingzhou , Lee Jay , Li Cangyu , Li Yanyan , Yang Jiaxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVegetation restoration has been recognized as an effective ecological measure to mitigate soil heavy metal contamination in open‐pit mining areas. However, little is known about the processes of accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in naturally restored soil–plant systems in these areas. In this study, soil and plant samples were collected from three natural restoration sites of different post‐mining ages (2, 7, and 15 years) to investigate the concentration, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals in plant tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) of two different plant life forms (trees and shrubs). The results showed that heavy metals occurred at different concentrations in different tissues; and that site age significantly affected the concentration of metals, with higher concentration in older sites. Similarly, the accumulation of metals from soil to roots and the translocation from roots to stems were greater in older sites. We combined redundancy analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of environmental factors on accumulation and translocation. Results showed that plant life form took the largest weight for accumulation of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr, and for translocation of Ni, Cu, and Zn. Site age made the highest contribution to accumulation of As, and to translocation of Hg and Cd. The accumulation of Hg and translocation of Pb, As, and Cr were most affected by total phosphorus. Soil pH was the major contributor to accumulation of Cu and Zn. These findings could provide some reference for post‐mining soil remediation, particularly for gold mines.
Microsolvation of heavy halides
Authors: Chamorro Yuly , Flórez Edison , Maldonado Alejandro , Aucar Gustavo , Restrepo Albeiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fundamental question of how intermolecular interactions lead to the stabilization of heavy halides (Br−, I−, At−) microsolvated with up to six explicit water molecules is addressed here. An exhaustive exploration of the potential energy surfaces using a random search algorithm followed by optimization of molecular geometries using pseudopotentials and at the full four component relativistic levels of theory, affords a good number of structures with high probabilities of occurrence, highlighting the important role of local minima to reproduce experimentally measured properties. Sequential hydration enthalpies for astatide are reported here for the first time in the scientific literature. Closed shell (ionic, long range) as well as intermediate character interactions (contributions from closed shell and covalent) are at play stabilizing the clusters. The ability of water molecules to either donate or to accept electron density dictates the nature and strength of the corresponding hydrogen bonds in solvation shells. Binding energies and molecular geometries are shown to be more sensitive to electron correlation than to relativistic effects.
Proteomes, kinases and signalling pathways in virus‐induced filopodia, as potential antiviral therapeutics targets
Authors: Aliyu Isah Abubakar , Kumurya Abdulhadi Sale , Bala Jamilu Abubakar , Yahaya Hassan , Saidu Hayatu 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFilopodia are thin finger‐like protrusions at the surface of cells that are internally occupied with bundles of tightly parallel actin filaments. They play significant roles in cellular physiological processes, such as adhesion to extracellular matrix, guidance towards chemo‐attractants and in wound healing. Filopodia were recently reported to play important roles in viral infection including initial viral attachment to host cells, cell surfing, viral trafficking, internalization, budding, virus release and spread to other cells in a form that would avoid the host immune system. The detailed virus‐host protein interactions underlying most of these processes remain to be elucidated. This review will describe some reported virus‐host protein interactions on filopodia with the aim of identifying potential new anti‐virus therapeutic targets. Exploring this research area may lead to the development of novel classes of anti‐viral therapeutics that can block signalling pathways used by the virus to trigger filopodia formation. Successful compounds would inhibit initial virus attachment, formation of filopodia, expression of putative virus binding protein, extracellular virus trafficking, and budding.
Mechanical responses of bell‐and‐spigot joints in buried prestressed concrete cylinder pipe under coupled service and surcharge loads
Authors: Zhai Kejie , Zhang Chongbo , Fang Hongyuan , Ma Huihuan , Ni Pengpeng , Wang Fuming , Li Bin , He Hang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) is widely used in hydraulic engineering. The bell‐and‐spigot joint is a weak point along a PCCP pipeline, since damage of joint can affect the operation of the whole pipeline. In this paper, a three‐dimensional numerical model of buried PCCP, considering the simulation of rubber gasket in bell‐and‐spigot joint is established. The fluid–structure coupling of PCCP is accomplished using the Mesh‐based parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI), where the pipe and the surrounding soil are characterized in the software ABAQUS, and the pressurized water is modeled in the software FLUENT. The force and rotation angle at joints of PCCP under different conditions, including surcharge load, loading location, cover depth, and internal pressure, are analyzed. It is shown that the rotation angle of joint exceeds the allowable value, when the surcharge load is greater than 180 kPa. Compared with the effect of surcharge load, the offset distance (i.e., distance between the loading position and the pipe axis) has a greater influence on the development of horizontal displacement and rotation angle. As the offset distance increases, both the horizontal displacement and rotation angle at joints increase first, and they decrease after the peak.
Integrated textile effluent treatment method
Authors: Bapat Shreyas , Jaspal Dipika , Malviya Arti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTextile wastewater purification is a challenging process. Conventional wastewater treatment methods either lack in efficiency, cost‐effectiveness or leads to the generation of secondary pollutants. Additionally, some treatment methods are time‐consuming. The research presented in the manuscript is a blend of filtration, biosorption, aeration, solar energy‐assisted electrolytic precipitation, pH balance, and germicidal treatments with an aim of reducing the suspended solids, intense color, odor, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal content of textile effluent. Use of environmentally sustainable surface activated biosorbents derived from waste weeds Water Hyacinth (WH) and Parthenium Hysterophorus (PH) as an alternative to commercial grade Activated Charcoal (AC), comparison of adsorption capacities of proposed adsorbents against AC for effluent decolorization, the application of solar energy to run an electrolytic precipitator, and the unique sequential design of various unit processes like coarse and fine filtration, biosorption, aeration, electrolytic precipitation, pH treatment and germicidal UV‐C treatment to treat the effluent are some of the novel methodologies explored in the present study. The invented process provides almost completely decolorized (about 90%–94%), particle‐free and odorless treated water, with the acceptable levels of heavy metals (Lead—not detected, Arsenic—not detected, Zinc—0.5–0.8 mg/L), TDS (1,500–1,850 mg/L), COD (149–169 mg/L) pH (7.1–7.15), and EC (2.5–2.8 mMhos/cm) as some of the important parameters, fitting well within the standard pollution limits. Performance efficiency estimation and statistical modeling were done for the data using the t test and f test. The values obtained were (t = 2.78 and f = 4.99 for treated WH against AC) and (t = 3.00 and f = 5.38 for treated PH against AC at 0.05 level of significance) as an essential part of the manuscript, proving the supremacy of the proposed process to achieve the standard pollution norms. Cost‐effectiveness was an integral factor addressed in the proposed design, recorded a 1.7 USD per 1,000 L of input effluent, which was well below than most of the reported studies. The invented method in the present investigation thus provides an integrated, efficient, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective solution to wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points

Effluent decolorization is about 68% in comparison with conventional activated carbon.
The adsorbent was found to be three times more active than activated carbon.
COD value decreased from 2,352 mg/L to about 150 mg/L on treatment with the novel adsorbent.
Effect of different diets on reproductive performance of skunk clownfish, Amphiprion akallopisos (Bleeker 1853) and water policy from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Authors: Thakur Venkatesh Ramrao , Verma Ajit Kumar , Roy Sibnarayan Dam , Chadha Narinder Kumar , Prakash Chandra , Saharan Neelam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe skunk clownfish, Amphiprion akallopisos was studied to access the effect of different wet feeds on reproductive performance such as no. of eggs, spawning frequency, fertilization rate, and hatchability etc. for the first time from Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The wet feeds such as cuttlefish meat, squid meat, fish meat, and prawn meat as control were used. The result from the present study showed that the number of eggs was significantly influenced by the given feed. The fishes served with cuttlefish meat provided the maximum number of eggs (448 ± 5.88) whereas, others are given fewer numbers in comparison with cuttlefish meat. However, fertilization and hatchability were not affected by the tested diets. There was no significant difference in egg length and tasted diets as the capsule had maximum width 1mm in cuttlefish fed group, whereas the highest larval length was observed with squid meat‐fed group. It is revealed that the maximum number of spawning was observed in the brooder fishes fed cuttlefish and showed higher reproductive efficiency than others. Hence results from the present study will be helpful for researchers to work on deeper aspects of broodstock nutrition, entrepreneurs, and hobbyists for captive spawning. The law and policy for conservation and management of corals such as tourism, mining, as well as over fishing have been studied for the sustainable production of this species for the marine ornamental fish trade.
Kidney inflammaging is promoted by CCR2+ macrophages and tissue-derived micro-environmental factors
Authors: Lefèvre Lise , Iacovoni Jason S. , Martini Hélène , Bellière Julie , Maggiorani Damien , Dutaur Marianne , Marsal Dimitri J. , Decaunes Pauline , Pizzinat Nathalie , Mialet-Perez Jeanne , Cussac Daniel , Parini Angelo , Douin-Echinard Victorine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe incidence of disorders associated with low inflammatory state, such as chronic kidney disease, increases in the elderly. The accumulation of senescent cells during aging and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which leads to inflammaging, is known to be deleterious and account for progressive organ dysfunction. To date, the cellular actors implicated in chronic inflammation in the kidney during aging are still not well characterized. Using the DECyt method, based on hierarchical clustering of flow cytometry data, we showed that aging was associated with significant changes in stromal cell diversity in the kidney. In particular, we identified two cell populations up-regulated with aging, the mesenchymal stromal cell subset (kMSC) expressing CD73 and the monocyte-derived Ly6C+ CCR2+ macrophage subset expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aged CD73+ kMSCs depicted senescence associated features with low proliferation rate, increased DNA damage foci and Ccl2 expression. Using co-cultures experiments, we showed that aged CD73+ kMSC promoted monocyte activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines albeit less efficiently than young CD73+ kMSCs. In the context of ageing, increased frequency of CD73+ kMSC subpopulations could provide additional niche factors to newly recruited monocytes favoring a positive regulatory loop in response to local inflammation. Interfering with such partnership during aging could be a valuable approach to regulate kidney inflammaging and to limit the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the elderly.
Zukunft der akutstationären Rheumatologie in Deutschland
Authors: Lakomek H.-J. , Krause A. , Braun J. , Hellmich B. , Klass M. , Lorenz H. , Schneider M. , Schulze-Koops H. , Specker C. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm September 2019 wurde vom Ministerium für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS) in NRW ein Gutachten zur Krankenhausplanung veröffentlicht. Hierin wurde eine grundlegende Reform der Krankenhausplanung empfohlen, indem zukünftig eine Bedarfsplanung auf der Grundlage einer detaillierten Ausweisung von Leistungsbereichen und Leistungsgruppen erfolgen soll. Nach Aufforderung durch das MAGS NRW hat auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) mit Unterstützung des Verbandes Rheumatologischer Akutkliniken (VRA) hierzu Stellung genommen.
Mesh moving techniques in fluid-structure interaction: robustness, accumulated distortion and computational efficiency
Authors: Shamanskiy Alexander , Simeon Bernd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn important ingredient of any moving-mesh method for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems is the mesh moving technique (MMT) used to adapt the computational mesh in the moving fluid domain. An ideal MMT is computationally inexpensive, can handle large mesh motions without inverting mesh elements and can sustain an FSI simulation for extensive periods of time without irreversibly distorting the mesh. Here we compare several commonly used MMTs which are based on the solution of elliptic partial differential equations, including harmonic extension, bi-harmonic extension and techniques based on the equations of linear elasticity. Moreover, we propose a novel MMT which utilizes ideas from continuation methods to efficiently solve the equations of nonlinear elasticity and proves to be robust even when the mesh undergoes extreme motions. In addition to that, we study how each MMT behaves when combined with the mesh-Jacobian-based stiffening. Finally, we evaluate the performance of different MMTs on a popular two-dimensional FSI benchmark reproduced by using an isogeometric partitioned solver with strong coupling.
Does the genetic diversity among pubescent white oaks in southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia islands support the current taxonomic classification?
Authors: Di Pietro Romeo , Conte Antonio Luca , Di Marzio Piera , Fortini Paola , Farris Emmanuele , Gianguzzi Lorenzo , Müller Markus , Rosati Leonardo , Spampinato Giovanni , Gailing Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecular diversity analysis of deciduous pubescent oaks was conducted for populations from Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia. The aims of this study were twofold. First, to provide data on the genetic diversity of pubescent oaks from an understudied area which currently exhibits one of the highest concentrations of pubescent oak species in Europe. Second, to verify if these groups of oaks are genetically distinct and if their identification is in accordance with the current taxonomic classification. Molecular analyses of leaf material of 480 trees from seventeen populations belonging to putatively different pubescent oak species (Quercus amplifolia,Q. congesta,Q. dalechampii,Q. ichnusae,Q. leptobalanos,Q. virgiliana) were performed. Twelve gene-based Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat markers were selected, and genetic diversity and differentiation were calculated. The results showed relatively high values of allelic richness, heterozygosity and number of private alleles for the populations investigated. A weak but positive correlation between geographical and genetic distance was detected. Genetic assignment (STRUCTURE) and principle coordinate analyses exhibited a weak separation into two genetic groups which, however, did not correspond to the taxonomic, chorological and ecological features of the populations investigated. Sardinian populations formed one group which was separated from the Calabrian and Sicilian populations. In light of the results obtained, the taxonomic classification for the pubescent white oaks currently reported in the major Italian floras and checklists for the study area was not confirmed by molecular analyses.
Synthesis and Structure of [Fe(TPA)Cl2](ClO4) and [{Fe(TPA)Cl}2O](ClO4)2 Where TPA = Tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine
Authors: Xue Jia , Xie Ming , Nadir Shamila , Lewis Justin Cody , Jayaratna Naleen B. , Arachchilage Harshani J. , Norman Richard E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
[Fe(TPA)Cl2](ClO4), where TPA is tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z = 4, a = 8.6264(10) Å, b = 15.459(3) Å, and c = 16.008(3) Å. The structure was determined at 110 K from 4333 reflections (3520 observed) with R = 0.041 (Rw = 0.082). The iron is pseudo-octahedral with the two chloride ions cis. The Fe-Cl bond trans to the tertiary amine is shorter. [{Fe(TPA)Cl}2O](ClO4)2 exhibits two polymorphic monoclinic forms, and the monohydrate also crystallizes in a monoclinic form. For the P21/c polymorph, Z = 2, a = 10.839(2) Å, b = 15.956(3) Å, c = 12.416(2) Å, β = 107.024(10)°, and the structure was determined at 95 K from 6514 reflections (3974 observed) with R = 0.052 (Rw = 0.099). For the C2/c polymorph, Z = 4, a = 20.5023(17) Å, b = 15.2711(13) Å, c = 16.1069(11) Å, β = 124.465(4)°, and the structure was determined at 161 K from 6250 reflections (3130 observed) with R = 0.0632 (Rw = 0.1229). For the hydrate, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 16.201(2) Å, b = 16.980(3), c = 16.451(3), β = 112.234(5)°, and the structure was determined at 100 K from 12,745 reflections (6600 observed) with R = 0.097 (Rw = 0.190). In each of the [{Fe(TPA)Cl}2O]2+ units, each iron is pseudo-octahedral with the chloride and oxide ions cis. The oxide bridge is linear, and the two chlorides are anti. The Fe-N distance for the pyridyl ring trans to the oxide bridge is quite long due to the trans influence of the oxide.

Graphic Abstract
The X-ray structures of [Fe(TPA)Cl2](ClO4), where TPA is tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and three polymorphs of dimeric [{Fe(TPA)Cl}2O](ClO4)2 are presented and discussed.
Grammar tests, de facto policy and pedagogical coercion in England’s primary schools
Authors: Cushing Ian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince their introduction by the Conservative government in 2013, primary school children in England have taken a mandated grammar, punctuation and spelling assessment, which places an emphasis on decontextualised, standardised English and the identification of traditional grammatical terminology. Despite some concise criticisms from educational linguists, there remains no detailed and critical investigation into the nature of the tests, their effects on test takers, and the policy initiatives which led up to their implementation. This article contributes to this gap in knowledge, using critical language testing as a methodological framework, and drawing on a bricolage of data sources such as political speeches, policy documents, test questions and interviews with teachers. I discuss how the tests work as de facto language policy, implemented as one arm of the government’s ‘core-knowledge’ educational agenda, underpinned by a reductive conceptualisation of language and a problematic discourse of ‘right/wrong’ ways of speaking. I reveal how teachers talk about the ‘power’ of the tests, intimidating and coercing them into pedagogies they do not necessarily believe in or value, which ultimately position them as vehicles for the government’s conservative and prescriptive language ideologies.
Finding a context for objectivity
Authors: Montuschi Eleonora 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral and repeated attempts have been made to say what objectivity consists of and why it should be pursued in research. In the first part of this paper two main strategies are singled out, sharing the assumption that there is a way (or different ways) objectivity can be thought of in the abstract (which does not mean without content), and that it can be instantiated in context—and in enough contexts to justify the abstract case. But not only is this assumption open to the objection that objectivity so conceived does not admit of one clear definition (even a disjunctive one) that is appropriate in many or most contexts where we intend the term to do its work. It also does not seem to pay specific attention to what actually constitutes a context of practice, when we think of objectivity in some relation to such context. The aim of this paper is to question how context works both as a mechanism of meaning formation for the concept of objectivity, and as a practical framework for pursuing research objectively. To articulate a suitable notion of context some insight from recent literature in the philosophy of science is first introduced and then adapted to show how research practices successfully achieve objectivity as one of their aims. It will be argued that an idea of context that includes activities which (in a way to be qualified) are relevant and reliable towards a settled aim is the model of practice that makes objectivity a pursuable task in research. This contextual picture of objectivity, it will be suggested, might better serve the purpose of scientific research (including social research) than either of the two descriptive strategies outlined at the beginning of this paper can do.