bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine blood parameters can detect early influenza virus infection&nbsp;in children
Authors: Zhu Ronghe , Wang Qiu , Chen Cuie , Zhang Xixi , Lu Chaosheng , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to explore the value of Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LYM*PLT and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases, for predicting influenza virus infection in children.
Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study on fever with influenza-like symptom in pediatric outpatients in different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters within 48 hours of the onset of fever after influenza virus infection.
Results
The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in the infected children. The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the infected group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old group, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the infected group were lower in the > 6-year-old group. In the 1- to 6-year-old group, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the > 6-year-old group, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924.
Conclusions
Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for predicting influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, especially influenza A virus infection.
The impact of dexmedetomidine on tourniquet induced systemic effects in total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia: a prospective randomized, double-blinded study.
Authors: Lee Cheol , Lee Cheolhyeong , So Cheolhwan , Choi Insung , Lee Jiheui , Lee Myeongjong , Ma Xiao , Hwang Ji Hyo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical studies on the impact of dexmedetomidine on tourniquet-induced systemic effects have been inconsistent. We investigated the impact of dexmedetomidine on tourniquet-induced systemic effects including pain outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Methods: Eighty patients were randomly assigned to either control (CON) or dexmedetomidine (DEX) group. DEX group received an intravenous loading dose of 0.5 µg/ kg DEX over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 µg/ kg/h from 10 minutes before the start of surgery until completion. The CON group received the same calculated volume of normal saline. Pain outcomes and metabolic and coagulative changes after tourniquet application and after tourniquet release were investigated.Results: The frequency of fentanyl administration postoperatively, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) volume at 24 hours postoperatively, total PCA volume consumed in 48 hours postoperatively, and VAS score for pain at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were significantly lower in the DEX group than in the CON group.Ten minutes after tourniquet release, the DEX group showed significantly higher pH and lower lactate level than those in the CON group. Antithrombin III activity and body temperature 10 minutes after tourniquet release were significantly lower in the DEX group than in the CON group. Ca2+, K+, HCO3-, base excess, and PCO2 levels 10 minutes after tourniquet release were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: We showed that DEX attenuated pain and hemodynamic, metabolic, and coagulative effects induced by tourniquet. However, these metabolic and coagulative changes were within normal limits. Therefore, DEX could be used as an analgesic adjuvant, but should not be considered for routine use to prevent the systemic effects induced by tourniquet use.
Factors associated with 30-day mortality in medical emergency team patients – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Adielsson Anna , Danielsson Christian , Forkman Pontus , Karlsson Thomas , Pettersson Linda , Herlitz Johan , Lundin Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical emergency teams (METs) have been implemented to respond more efficiently to inpatient crises in order to reduce hospital mortality by the early recognition and treatment of potentially life-threatening conditions. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality risk among patients assessed by the MET.Methods: Observational retrospective register study in a tertiary university hospital in Sweden, comprising 2,601 patients, assessed by the MET from 2010 to 2015. Patient registry data at the time of MET assessment was analysed from an epidemiological perspective, using univariable and multivariable analyses with death within 30 days as the endpoint.Results: The overall 30-day mortality was high (29.0%) and almost twice as high on medical wards as on surgical wards (37.1% vs 19.8%). The acute medical conditions associated with the highest 30-day mortality were gastroenteritis (50.0%), acute coronary syndrome (43.0%), cardiac failure (41.1%) and renal failure (40.4%). The multivariable analysis indicated that factors with increased 30-day mortality were reflected in age, type of ward, vital parameters, laboratory findings, previous medical history and acute medical condition. Apart from age, the factor associated with the highest odds ratio for 30-day mortality was hypoglycaemia (OR 4.30 (95% CI 2.10, 8.81)).Conclusions: We found that factors reflecting the patients' age, co-morbidity and acute medical condition, along with clinical findings such as vital parameters and laboratory abnormalities, and also the type of ward for admittance, all contributed to identifying patients at risk of death within 30 days after MET assessment. Overall, medical ward patients have higher 30-day mortality than surgical ward patients. Abnormalities in vital parameters reflecting respiratory distress appeared to be more alarming than waning circulatory functions.
Fractions of soil organic and inorganic carbon and their relationships in typical loess cropland of Fenggu Basin
Authors: Lu Tongping , Wang Xiujun Wendy , Zhang Wenxi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is evidence of connections between soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) in dryland of north China. However, fractions of SOC and SIC and the relationship are not well understood in the Loess Plateau that undergoes profound erosion and redeposition. A study was conducted in low-elevation cropland of Loess Plateau across two distinctive basins: Lingfeng basin (LFB) with lower soil pH (< 8.4) and subject to erosion-redeposition, and Yuncheng basin (YCB) with higher soil pH (> 8.6) and under the influence of the Yellow River. Soil samples were collected from 30 sites over 100 cm. We determined SOC, SIC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and other properties. Above 100 cm, SOC stock is significantly higher in LFB (10.0 ± 2.6 kg C m− 2) than in YCB (6.9 ± 1.5 kg C m− 2), but SIC lower in LFB (14.0 ± 2.5 kg C m− 2) than in YCB (17.0 ± 5.7 kg C m− 2). We find a significantly negative correlation between SOC and SIC stocks in LFB, but no clear relationship in YCB. On average, DOC:SOC ratio is significantly higher below 40 cm in YCB (1.9%) than LFB (1.2%), indicating stronger DOC desorption in YCB that has stronger hydrological process due to the influence of the Yellow River. Overall, SOC has a negative correlation with SIC and soil pH, and DOC:SOC ratio has a significantly positive correlation with soil pH. Our analyses suggest that erosion/re-deposition of topsoil is partly responsible for the negative SIC-SOC relationship in LFB, and high soil pH and stronger hydrological processes are attributable to relatively lower levels of SOC in YCB. This study highlights that soil carbon fractions in the lowland of Loess Plateau are influenced by many drivers, which leads to complex relationships between major soil carbon pools.
Development of a prognostic model for esophageal cancer based on nine immune related genes
Authors: Zhang zhi , chen cheng , fang ying , Li sheng , Wang xiaohua , Sun lei , Zhou guoren , ye jinjun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Function of the immune system is correlated with the prognosis of the tumor. The effect of immune microenvironment on esophageal cancer (EC) development has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to explore a prognostic model based on immune-related genes (IRGs) for EC. Methods: We obtained the RNA-seq dataset and clinical information of EC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 247 upregulated IRGs and 56 downregulated IRGs. Pathway analysis revealed that the most differentially expressed IRGs were enriched in Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. We further screened 13 survival-related IRGs and constructed regulatory networks involving related transcription factors (TFs). Finally, a prognostic model was constructed with 9 IRGs (HSPA6, S100A12, CACYBP, NOS2, DKK1, OSM ,STC2 ,NGPTL3 and NR2F2) by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The patients were classified into two subgroups with different outcomes. When adjusted with clinical factors, this model was verified as an independent predictor, which performed accurately in prognostic prediction. Next, M0 and M2 macrophages and activated mast cells were significantly enriched in high-risk group, while CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly enriched in low-risk group. Conclusion: These molecules may serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the new-immunotherapy of EC.
Covid-19 in Latin America countries: Course of the pandemic and the different responses towards control
Authors: Pescarini Julia Moreira , Silveira Ismael H , Souza-Filho Jaime A , Aquino Rosana , Barreto Mauricio L , Aquino Estela ML 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The emergence of COVID-19 in Latin America occurred within a troubled political, economic and social context, with growing trends of poverty and social inequality challenging already overburdened and underfinanced local healthcare systems. In the absence of a vaccine or of any treatment for COVID-19, public health measures such as social distancing had to be adopted. The objective of this paper is to describe the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American countries and to summarize the social distancing measures implemented in each one of these countries, discussing the changes that took place in the social mobility of the populations and their potential effects on the course of the epidemic up to June 2020. Results: Brazil has the highest cumulative number of cases and deaths; however, cumulative incidence rates are higher in Peru and Chile, while the highest cumulative mortality rates are in Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Some countries implemented social distancing measures before the first case was registered, culminating in lockdown in eight countries before detection of the 100th case. The measures that appear to have had the greatest impact in reducing mobility include, in addition to lockdown, the closure of schools and prohibition of events. In general, the countries that implemented social distancing measures earlier and where the reduction in social mobility was greatest also recorded lower incidence and mortality rates. Brazil and Mexico failed to adopt lockdown and the number of cases of the disease continues to grow. Conclusions: As occurred in other continents, control of the COVID-19 pandemic was better in countries that were faster in adopting more restrictive measures. Nevertheless, this equation does not appear to guarantee a positive outcome in all settings, possibly due to the considerable social inequalities and chronic deficiencies of the healthcare systems, with the scenario being even more complex in view of the recurring political crises and the negationist view of some national leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread in Latin America and exposes these contradictions. Further studies are required to gain a greater understanding and generate lessons on how to manage such a complex crisis.
Depicting developing trend and core knowledge of hip fracture research using bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Peng Guanrong , Guan Zhenhua , Hou Yunfei , Gao Jiaxiang , Rao Wenqun , Yuan Xianyun , Guo Jiusheng , Huang Xiaohua , Zhong Zhangrong , Lin Jianhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Among all osteoporotic fractures, hip fracture is common and carries high morbidity and mortality. We aim to analyze the present status and worldwide trends of hip fracture research in various clinical aspects.Methods Publications from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved from Web of Science database and analyzed through bibliometric methodology. The software VOS viewer was utilized for visualized analysis.Results Totally, 6139 publications were included, and publications increased annually, from 152 (2000) to 592 (2019). The USA has made huge contributions with the most publications, the highest H-index, and citations. Osteoporosis International has published the most papers. Leading researchers, contributing institutions, their cooperation relationships and scientific masterpieces have been identified. Research could be divided into five clusters: "mortality", "surgical management", “rehabilitation”, “osteoporosis” and "epidemiology". A clear developing trend was described, which initiated from fracture epidemiology and prevention, transitioned to perioperative management, orthogeriatric care and patient safety, and then to functional recovery, disease burden along with national audit and initiatives in recent time.Conclusions Hip fractures resulted in conditions that extend far beyond orthopaedics, concerning epidemiology & preventive medicine, internal medicine & endocrinology, as well as critical care and gerontology. And a growing volume of publications in the future could be expected.
Physicians’ Prescribing Behaviour and Clinical Practice Patterns for Allergic Rhinitis Management in Italy
Authors: Passalacqua Giovanni , Musarra Antonino , Senna Gianenrico , Bousquet Jean , Ferrara Carmen , Lonati Caterina , Canonica Giorgio Walter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite availability of clinical guidelines, underdiagnosis, undertreatment, and poor adherence are still significant concerns in allergic rhinitis (AR) therapeutic management. We investigated clinical practice patterns and prescribing behavior of Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) specialized in AR management. Methods: One-hundred allergologists, 100 ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists, and 150 general practitioners (GPs) were recruited. The survey assessed: socio-demographic, work experience, monthly caseload, prescription drivers. Next, HCPs were invited to retrospectively recover patients’ clinical data to investigate: AR clinical characteristics, therapy management, prescription patterns, patient adherence. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, One-Way analysis of variance, and Two-Way Analysis of Variance were performed.Results: Allergologists visited more AR patients (31% of monthly caseload) than ENTs (21%, p<0.001), while GPs’ caseload was the lowest (6%). Clinical information of 2823 patients were retrieved of whom 1906 (67,5%) suffered from moderate/severe AR (discomfort score: 7,7±1,3) and 917 (32,4%) from mild AR (5.7±1.9). About one-third of mild patients had a discomfort score >=7. Main prescription drivers were “effective on all symptoms” (54,3% patients) and “quick symptom relief” (47,8%), whereas minor drivers were “affordable price” (13,4%) and “refundable” (8,7%). The most prescribed drugs were antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids (79% and 55% prescriptions), followed by fixed-dose-combination of intranasal azelastine/fluticasone (19%). Polytherapy was the most common treatment strategy (59,6%). HCPs’ believe that the majority of the patients was adherent to treatment (88% with score>7).Conclusions: This survey describes AR pharmacological management by Italian physicians. HCPs underestimated AR severity and had a non-realistic perception of patients’ adherence. These findings suggest that further efforts are required to improve AR clinical management in Italy.
High Number of RNA Copies in Asymptomatic Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in an Area of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Mattar Salim , Martinez-Bravo Caty , Rivero Ricardo , Contreras Hector , Faccini_Martinez Alvaro , Guzman Camilo , Galeano Ketty , Alvis Nelson , Contreras Veronica , Arrieta German , Gonzalez Marco , Miranda Jorge , Ospina Martha Lucia , Camargo-Assis Francisco , Mercado-Reyes Marcela , Garay Evelyn , Garcia-Perez Alejandra , Lopez Yesica , Tique Vaneza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging pandemical virus. The virus has caused millions of reported cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths in less than six months. South America has suffered the pandemic because it lacks the hospital and economic capacities needed to contain the pandemic's advance. Public health implications of transmission, while asymptomatic is a critical concern at the current pandemic.Objective: Describe the socio-demographic, clinical, and viral kinetics features of a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: Six hundred eighty-six clinical samples from several hospital centers in the province were received between April 9th and May 16th, 2020. RNA was extracted using lysis buffers and spin columns. The samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR (Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction) using commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 3 target genes of SARS-CoV-2 (AllplexTM, 2019-nCoV assay, Korea). Viral copies quantification was done using a standard curve constructed from seriated dilutions of a SARS-CoV-2 positive control. Statics descriptive methods were used. Results: Thirty-five nasopharyngeal samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the average age was 43 (range, 1-95 years). Seventeen of 35 (49%) of the patients showed symptoms. Most of them had cough, fever, and odynophagia, 3 of the patients reported having arthralgia. Only two patients required hospitalization. None of the patients had known co-morbidities. RT-qPCR results show that two of the symptomatic patients had significantly higher RNA copies than the rest of them. Eighteen of 35 (51%) individuals were asymptomatic, the average age was 30 (range, 6-61 years. Four individuals showed a higher copy than some symptomatic patients. Nonetheless, the average of RNA copies 8.26 x10+10 was lower than the symptomatic.Conclusions: the population studied was young, with an average of 43 years in symptomatic and 30 years of asymptomatic; this is important because of the high impact in the economy. It is probably the cause of the reduced lethality observed in the department. Because a large proportion of infections probably result from transmission from asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic persons. The usefulness of public health interventions in Colombian provinces should be based on molecular screening in a vast conglomerate population and quantify the viral load.
Brief Problem-solving Therapy for Antenatal Depressive Symptoms in Primary Care in Rural Ethiopia: Protocol for a Randomised, Controlled Feasibility Trial
Authors: Bitew Tesera , Keynejad Roxanne , Myers Bronwyn , Honikman Simone , Medhin Girmay , Girma Fikirte , Howard Louise , Sorsdahl Katherine , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a high prevalence of antenatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, there is very little evidence for contextually adapted psychological interventions delivered in rural African settings. The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the feasibility of procedures for a future fully powered efficacy trial of contextually adapted brief Problem Solving Therapy (PST) for antenatal depression in rural Ethiopia, and (2) to investigate the acceptability, fidelity and feasibility of delivery of PST in routine antenatal care. Methods: Design: A randomized, controlled, feasibility trial and mixed method process evaluation. Participants: Consecutive women attending antenatal clinics in two primary care facilities in rural Ethiopian districts. Eligibility criteria: 1) Disabling levels of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of five or more and positive for the 10th disability item); 2) gestational age 12-34 weeks; 3) aged 16 years and above, 4) planning to live in the study area for at least six months; 5) no severe medical or psychiatric conditions. Intervention: Four sessions of adapted PST delivered by trained and supervised antenatal care staff over a maximum period of eight weeks. Control: enhanced usual care (EUC). Sample size: n=50. Randomisation: individual randomisation stratified by intimate partner violence (IPV). Allocation: central phone allocation. Outcome assessors and statistician masked to allocation status. Primary feasibility trial outcome: dropout rate. Primary future efficacy trial outcome: change in PHQ-9 score, assessed nine weeks after recruitment. Secondary outcomes: anxiety symptoms, trauma symptoms, intimate partner violence, disability, healthcare costs at 9 weeks; postnatal outcomes (perinatal and neonatal complications, onset of breast feeding, child health) assessed 4-6 weeks postnatal. Other trial feasibility indicators: recruitment, number and duration of sessions attended. Audio-recording of randomly selected sessions and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, healthcare providers and supervisors will be analysed thematically to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the trial procedures and fidelity of the delivery of PST. Discussion: The findings of the study will be used to inform the design of a fully-powered efficacy trial of brief PST for antenatal depression in routine care in rural Ethiopia. Trial registration: The protocol was registered in the Pan-African clinical trials registry, (PACTR): registration number: _____________________ on 03 December, 2019; UR: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Researcher/ManageTrials.aspx.Funding: This work is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative [DEL-15-01].