bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
841 Fractional CO2 Laser Increases in Vitro Intradermal Delivery of Vitamins in Human Skin
Authors: Dabek Robert J , Bojovic Branko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The morbidity associated with burn scar contractures remains high globally. Minimally invasive interventions with lasers are capable of decreasing morbidity through a process of scar rehabilitation. Laser interventions have the added benefit of increasing the intradermal delivery of topically applied drugs. Many substances, including vitamins with known roles in the integument, remain largely untested for their ability to potentiate the scar rehabilitation response seen in laser treated scars. Here we tested the ability of a fractional CO2 laser to increase the intradermal delivery of topically applied vitamins A and C.

Methods
Discarded healthy human skin from surgical procedures was collected. Skin was treated with fractional CO2 laser with a density of 3% and 5%, each at 2 different energy settings. A formulation of vitamin A and C was applied immediately to the laser treated skin as well as an untreated control. The skin was placed into a preservation device allowing diffusion of nutrients to the cells. Punch biopsies were taken at 6 hours and 48-hours after application of vitamins. Biopsies were analyzed using ELISA for vitamin content at 6 and 48-hours. Biopsies at 48-hours were analyzed using RT-PCR for RNA expression of several key regulators of wound healing.

Results
The CO2 laser was an effective tool to enhance the intradermal delivery of vitamins. Higher laser energies and densities offered an increase in vitamin content.

Conclusions
Treatment of skin with a fractional ablative CO2 laser is an effective modality for increasing intradermal delivery of topical vitamins A, C, and E. These results are promising in the search for optimal minimally invasive therapies to treat hypertrophic scars, as well as other dermatologic conditions.

Applicability of Research to Practice
The preliminary in vitro research has demonstrated the efficacy of fractional CO2 lasers to deliver vitamins intradermally. Further studies are underway to analyze the therapeutic effect of post-laser topical vitamin application on burn scars in the clinical setting.
852 A Novel Approach to Treating Minor Burn Scar Contractures in Children Using Laser Surgical Cuts
Authors: Zuccaro Jennifer , Lati Jamil J , Lazzarotto Lisa , Kelly Charis , Fish Joel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Minor burn scar contractures can be successfully treated with conservative approaches including Carbon Dioxide (CO2) laser therapy. While previous research has mainly focused on using the CO2 laser in a fractional mode to create a stamped pattern of holes (Figure A), less is known about how altering this pattern may affect the overall outcome of the contracture. Given this knowledge gap, our research group sought to investigate a new laser technique in which a series of lines, referred to as “laser surgical cuts,” are created across the length of the scar (Figure B). Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using this novel, laser surgical cuts technique to treat minor burn scar contractures in pediatric patients.

Methods
This prospective pilot study was carried out in the outpatient setting at our pediatric hospital. Only patients that had a minor burn scar contracture that crossed a joint on their palm and/or digits and who had consented to receive treatment with laser therapy were eligible to participate. Prior to treatment, a trained occupational and/or physiotherapist assessed each participant’s contracture by examining at least one of the following characteristics depending on the contracture’s location and extent of involvement: 1) range of motion (ROM), 2) digit length, 3) hand-span. Treatment consisted of one session of laser therapy during which surgical cuts were created across the length of the contracture followed by casting for approximately one week. Following cast removal, the initial contracture assessment was repeated and pre-post measures were compared.

Results
Seven patients participated in this study. All injuries were the result of contact burns and the mean age at assessment was 5.1 years. Overall, patients with flexion contractures (n = 4) experienced a mean improvement in ROM by 22.5° (SD 14.4). Patients with discrepancies in digit length (n = 4) experienced a mean improvement of 9.4% (pre = 5.3 cm, SD 1.6; post = 5.8 cm, SD 1.6) while those with discrepancies in hand-span (n = 3) experienced a mean improvement of 13.7% (pre = 14.6 cm, SD 3.4, post = 16.6 cm, SD 3.0).

Conclusions
We have shown that using the CO2 laser to create surgical cuts can improve minor contractures in burn-injured children. Further, we hypothesize that improvements in ROM, digit length, and hand-span are the result of a decrease in the mechanical tension across the contracture following treatment. Based on the positive findings obtained from this pilot study, a larger study with long-term follow-up is needed to determine if treatment with laser surgical cuts is more effective than using traditional, fractional CO2 laser settings.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Ultimately, if this novel laser technique is proven to be highly effective, the need for future contracture release surgeries may be reduced.
866 Meeting the Challenge of Analgesia in a Pregnant Woman with Burn Injury Using Subanesthetic Ketamine: A Case Report
Authors: Hughes William , Roy Akshay , Hughes Liam P , West Lindsay A , Schwenk Eric , Hughes Michelle K , Viscusi Eugene R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Burn injury is the fourth most common form of trauma worldwide, requiring unique management considerations and a collaborative approach to treatment. Thermal injuries sustained during pregnancy add considerably to case complexity. Overall, there is a low incidence of burns in gravid women living in developed countries, making management guidelines in this patient population scarce. Despite few data, it is recognized that early intervention and inter-disciplinary treatment are critical to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. Thus, interventions including fluid resuscitation, excision and grafting, routine debridement and dressing changes, antibiotic administration, and early mobilization are the cornerstones of management. Effective pain management is crucial in allowing patients to tolerate these often-painful procedures, engage in rehabilitation, and to prevent pain-related morbidity.

Methods
The patient is a 34-year-old G5P3013 in her third trimester of pregnancy, who sustained partial and full thickness burns to 18% of total body surface area in a grease fire. She was brought to the ED approximately 2 hours post-injury by EMS. During her hospital stay, Acute Pain Management Service (APMS) was consulted for a comprehensive pain management plan. APMS recommendations included IV acetaminophen, hydromorphone PCA, gabapentin, and ketamine infusion with a reduced dose bolus for procedural analgesia. Risks and benefits of these medications were explained to patient and her family by the APMS, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the Burn team, stressing the importance of tolerating routine burn care to decrease morbidity. Although human data are limited, it was explained that low doses (as outlined in our regimen) present little fetal risk in animal models.

Results
The patient was discharged at hospital day 11 and seen for burn follow-up after 2 weeks post-discharge (35 weeks gestation) with returning color, no evidence of hypertrophy, and overall excellent wound healing. Patient reported no pain, and her pain regimen was discontinued. Patient demonstrated significant improvement in her injuries, and had a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live born male 7 weeks post discharge, with APGAR scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Additionally, the patient brought her infant to the office visit and conveyed that the child was consistently reaching pediatric milestones.

Conclusions
Ketamine may be considered as an adjunct for procedural and background analgesia during the third trimester, as part of a multi-modal strategy in a short-term, monitored setting after a thorough and complete analysis of risks and benefits and careful patient selection.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Procedural pain management in a third-trimester burn patient.
Fibroadenoma containing lobular carcinoma in situ, an unusual finding in a normally benign mass
Authors: Brock Christie M , Harper Charles , Tyler Troy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is the case of a 27-year-old female who underwent breast lumpectomy for fibroadenoma of the left breast. Pathologic evaluation of the specimen revealed lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) entirely confined to a large fibroadenoma without LCIS in the surrounding breast tissue.
Surgical resection for advanced bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with fibrous dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Murase Yurika , Kishimoto Koji , Yoshida Shoko , Kunisada Yuki , Kadoya Koichi , Ibaragi Soichiro , Sasaki Akira 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction represented by destruction and/or death of bone. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bony disorder characterised by abnormal fibro-osseous tissue that has lowered resistance to infection. Effective treatments for BRONJ that follows FD are unclear. Here, we report that advanced BRONJ associated with FD was successfully treated by surgical resection. A 69-year-old woman, whose left maxillary bone showed a ground glass appearance on computed tomography (CT) images, was taking alendronate. At 1 year after teeth within the abnormal bone were extracted, exposed bone was observed in the extraction sites and CT images revealed separated sequestrums. Under the clinical diagnosis of Stage 2 BRONJ with FD, we performed not only sequestrectomy but also a partial resection of the FD. Thereafter, the healing was uneventful without recurrence. In conclusion, our case suggests that surgical resection is useful for advanced BRONJ associated with FD.
X-ray, UV, and optical time delays in the bright Seyfert galaxy Ark 120 with co-ordinated Swift and ground-based observations
Authors: Lobban A P , Zola S , Pajdosz-Śmierciak U , Braito V , Nardini E , Bhatta G , Markowitz A , Bachev R , Carosati D , Caton D B , Damljanovic G , Dębski B , Haislip J B , Hu S M , Kouprianov V , Krzesiński J , Porquet D , Pozo Nuñez F , Reeves J , Reichart D E 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on the results of a multiwavelength monitoring campaign of the bright, nearby Seyfert galaxy Ark 120, using a ∼50-d observing programme with Swift and a ∼4-month co-ordinated ground-based observing campaign, pre-dominantly using the Skynet Robotic Telescope Network. We find Ark 120 to be variable at all optical, UV, and X-ray wavelengths, with the variability observed to be well correlated between wavelength bands on short time-scales. We perform cross-correlation analysis across all available wavelength bands, detecting time delays between emission in the X-ray band and the Swift V, B, and UVW1 bands. In each case, we find that the longer wavelength emission is delayed with respect to the shorter wavelength emission. Within our measurement uncertainties, the time delays are consistent with the τ ∼ λ4/3 relation, as predicted by a disc reprocessing scenario. The measured lag centroids are τcent = 11.90 ± 7.33, 10.80 ± 4.08, and 10.60 ± 2.87 d between the X-ray and V, B, and UVW1 bands, respectively. These time delays are longer than those expected from standard accretion theory and, as such, Ark 120 may be another example of an active galaxy whose accretion disc appears to exist on a larger scale than predicted by the standard thin-disc model. Additionally, we detect further inter-band time delays: most notably between the ground-based I and B bands (τcent = 3.46 ± 0.86 d), and between both the Swift XRT and UVW1 bands and the I band (τcent = 12.34 ± 4.83 and 2.69 ± 2.05 d, respectively), highlighting the importance of co-ordinated ground-based optical observations.
CDK12: cellular functions and therapeutic potential of versatile player in cancer
Authors: Pilarova Kveta , Herudek Jan , Blazek Dalibor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and is needed for the optimal transcription elongation and translation of a subset of human protein-coding genes. The kinase has a pleiotropic effect on the maintenance of genome stability, and its inactivation in prostate and ovarian tumours results in focal tandem duplications, a CDK12-unique genome instability phenotype. CDK12 aberrations were found in many other malignancies and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the inhibition of CDK12 emerges as a promising strategy for treatment in several types of cancers. In this review, we summarize mechanisms that CDK12 utilizes for the regulation of gene expression and discuss how the perturbation of CDK12-sensitive genes contributes to the disruption of cell cycle progression and the onset of genome instability. Furthermore, we describe tumour-suppressive and oncogenic functions of CDK12 and its potential as a biomarker and inhibition target in anti-tumour treatments.
Remineralization of enamel caries by an amelogenin-derived peptide and fluoride in vitro
Authors: Ding Longjiang , Han Sili , Wang Kun , Zheng Sainan , Zheng Wenyue , Peng Xiu , Niu Yumei , Li Wei , Zhang Linglin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world. This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide (called QP5) and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries. The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized, and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed. Then, the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro. First, the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces. Second, QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride. In addition, compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride, the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness, lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations. The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite, and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.
CONTEMPORARY COLLECTIVE EFFECTIVE DOSE TO THE POPULATION FROM X-RAY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMINATIONS—CHANGES OVER LAST 10 YEARS IN FINLAND
Authors: Bly Ritva , Järvinen Hannu , Kaijaluoto Sampsa , Ruonala Verneri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Contemporary collective effective doses to the population from x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations in Finland in 2018 was estimated. The estimated effective dose per caput from x-ray examinations increased from year 2008 to 2018 respectively from 0.45 mSv to 0.72 mSv and from nuclear medicine examinations from 0.03 mSv to 0.04 mSv. The proportional dose due to CT examinations of the total collective effective dose from all x-ray examinations increased from 58% in 2008 to 70% in 2018 and the dose did not change substantially in total when new conversion factors were applied. The collective effective dose from conventional plain radiography did not change substantially during the last ten years while the new (ICRP 103) tissue weighting factors were taken into use in 2018, however frequencies of examinations in total decreased. The collective effective dose from CT in nuclear medicine tripled between 2009 and 2018.
Evaluation of the potency of antibiotic formulations in the Egyptian market
Authors: Eladl Afaf 
Published: March 2020

Interest in searching and developing new antimicrobial agents to combat microbial resistance has been growing recently. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid to both screening and evaluation methods of antibiotics activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of some antibiotics containing pharmaceutical products of some Egyptian market companies using microbiological assay based on agar diffusion method and using standard strains in order to determine their therapeutic efficacy.
These antibiotics such as gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone were purchased from local pharmacies and evaluated in the current study.
The results of this study showed the relative potency of gentamicin was 41.4%-120% and 28%-41% for ciprofloxacin. While for doxycycline relative potency was 26%-72.6% and 16%-88% for Amoxicillin. As well as ceftriaxone potency was ranged between 48%-97.4%. One product of ceftriaxone, two products from gentamicin and two from amoxicillin were estimated to be within the acceptable range of bioequivalence (80%-120%), while the other products showed unacceptable relative potency. A complaint reporting system about quality and effectiveness problems needs to be considered as a priority source of such information to inform decision-makers.
Key words: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotices, evaluation, microbiological assay, agar diffusion method, potency
Lack of evidence of association between antimicrobial resistance in E coli and deprivation in Scottish Borders
Authors: James Edward , Duguid Anne , Murray Erin 
Published: March 2020

Background
Many health issues are associated with deprivation and some evidence exists that antimicrobial prescribing is higher in deprived groups. This study examined the relationship between antimicrobial resistance in E coli isolates from the population of the Scottish Borders and deprivation as assessed by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Methods
Data regarding urine samples submitted for diagnostic purposes which had been reported as growing E coli was extracted. Antimicrobials for which susceptibility testing had been performed were mapped to standardised antimicrobial categories definitions to produce an index of overall antimicrobial resistance. UK postcode data linked to the specimen data was mapped to data zones. The proportion of E. coli isolates within each datazone with different categories of overall resistance was calculated and plotted against its associated Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation decile.

Results
No association was found between overall antimicrobial resistance in E. coli urinary isolates and SIMD.

Conclusion
During this time period in the Scottish Borders, antimicrobial resistance in E. coli does not show an association with deprivation.
Evaluation of the impact of Scottish Reduction in Antimicrobial Prescribing (ScRAP) Programme on GP Practice management of patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI)
Authors: Sneddon Jacqueline , Thomson Anne , Cooper Lesley , Robertson Ruth 
Published: March 2020

Introduction
The ScRAP programme was developed as a national initiative to improve management of UTI by optimising use of diagnostic tests and prescribing of antibiotics. It comprised educational content plus improvement ideas, audit tools, good practice guides, patient information and decision aids.

Method
A facilitated learning session was delivered, usually by a Prescribing Support pharmacist. All GP Practice staff, both clinical and non-clinical, were invited to attend to promote a team approach to change. Local practice was considered using process mapping and each GP practice completed an action plan with changes they intended to implement. Facilitators and participants were encouraged to complete an on-line feedback survey about the learning session. Action plans from 200 GP Practices in one health board region (21% of Scottish population) were analysed using NVivo 12 software to identify key themes.

Results
Completed surveys from facilitators and participants showed both groups were positive about the content, approach and length of the session. Action planning was welcomed as a way to embed learning in practice. Some minor changes to content were suggested. Changes in practice included patient education to promote self-management and a reduction in the number of urine specimens sent to microbiology laboratories. A whole team approach to management of patients with suspected UTI increased the success and impact of the changes made.

Conclusion
Evaluation of action plans will be helpful for other GP Practice teams seeking to make improvements. Feedback from facilitators and participants will be used to inform update of the programme content.
Negative emotions toward a financial brand: the opposite impact on brand love
Authors: Rodrigues Paula , Pinto Borges Ana 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the scandals and distrust over the past years in brand love regarding a classic and well-known financial brand. The authors consider the antecedents of brand love contemplating the role of negative emotions, engagement and authenticity. The authors study the brand of a Portuguese bank, Caixa Geral de Depósitos, which was associated with harmful management and had to be intervened with monetary aid from the government.

Design/methodology/approach
An online questionnaire was used to collect data. The authors applied a confirmatory factor analysis and the hypotheses were tested by the structural equation modelling.

Findings
The results show that negative emotions toward the brand have a direct and indirect impact on brand engagement and the consumer-based brand authenticity, brand engagement and consumer-based brand authenticity positively impact brand love and negative emotions toward the brand positively and indirectly impact brand love.

Research limitations/implications
The results should be analyzed with appropriate caution, given the limitations of the sample. The authors used a sample of Portuguese consumers connected with a commercial bank brand. These limitations could be overcome in future research.

Practical implications
The findings are important for the definition of branding strategies in a competitive and vulnerable context.

Originality/value
The model presented in this paper aims at filing a gap in the literature. The negative emotions toward brands have been little studied as an antecedent. It is also the first time that the constructs of engagement and authenticity and their relational outcome in brand love are applied to a financial brand.