bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support and psychosocial functioning in women after mastectomy
Authors: Janowski Konrad , Tatala Małgorzata , Jedynak Tomasz , Wałachowska Karolina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveSocial support has been reported as beneficial for the psychological functioning of people coping with a disease. The objective of this study was to verify whether levels of perceived social support are associated with psychosocial functioning in women who have had a mastectomy and whether specific types of social support are linked to specific indices of functioning.MethodSeventy women with a history of mastectomy completed questionnaires measuring their psychosocial functioning as related to their health status: Disease-Related Appraisal Scale, Acceptance of Life with the Disease Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. All participants also completed a measure of perceived social support (Disease-Related Social Support Scale).ResultsWomen who reported higher levels of perceived social support revealed statistically significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms, higher appraisals of their disease in terms of challenge and value, and lower appraisals of their disease in terms of obstacle/loss. Women with greater social support also revealed higher levels of acceptance of life with the disease compared to those with less social support. Regression analyses showed that spiritual support was the type of support that significantly accounted for the variance in the majority of functioning indices. Some indices of functioning were also significantly accounted for by emotional and instrumental support.Significance of the resultsThe process of psychological adjustment to a life-threatening disease such as breast cancer depends on multiple variables; however, social support, including spiritual support, seems to be one significant contributor to this process.
Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Wildfire Smoke Emissions, Their Properties, Transport, and Atmospheric Impacts
Authors: Sokolik I. N. , Soja A. J. , DeMott P. J. , Winker D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWildfire is a natural and integral ecosystem process that is necessary to maintain species composition, structure, and ecosystem function. Extreme fires have been increasing over the last decades, which have a substantial impact on air quality, human health, the environment, and climate systems. Smoke aerosols can be transported over large distances, acting as pollutants that affect adjacent and distant downwind communities and environments. Fire emissions are a complicated mixture of trace gases and aerosols, many of which are short‐lived and chemically reactive, and this mixture affects atmospheric composition in complex ways that are not completely understood. We present a review of the current state of knowledge of smoke aerosol emissions originating from wildfires. Satellite observations, from both passive and active instruments, are critical to providing the ability to view the large‐scale influence of fire, smoke, and their impacts. Progress in the development of fire emission estimates to regional and global chemical transport models has advanced, although significant challenges remain, such as connecting ecosystems and fuels burned with dependent atmospheric chemistry. Knowledge of the impact of smoke on radiation, clouds, and precipitation has progressed and is an essential topical research area. However, current measurements and parameterizations are not adequate to describe the impacts on clouds of smoke particles (e.g., CNN, INP) from fire emissions in the range of representative environmental conditions necessary to advance science or modeling. We conclude by providing recommendations to the community that we believe will advance the science and understanding of the impact of fire smoke emissions on human and environmental health, as well as feedback with climate systems.
Comparison of the 2‐D and Quasi‐3‐D Geoelectric Models of the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians and Their Link to the Tectonic Structure
Authors: Kováčiková Svetlana , Logvinov Igor , Tarasov Viktor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present results of a study of the electrical conductivity distribution beneath the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians where the Carpathian arc turns to the southeast and reaches the maximum curvature further in the Romanian territory. We have used the magnetotelluric and magnetovariational data in the period range of 1–6,000 s collected by geoelectric groups from several countries during deep induction experiments, which covered the studied area by a number of field stations clustered along profiles crossing the Carpathian arc. In this work, we compare the 2‐D and quasi‐3‐D thin sheet inverse models, which allow us to constrain both the geometry and electrical properties of the anomalous conductivity structures beneath the Carpathians. Comparison of the inverse results with the Carpathians tectonics indicates that the Carpathian conductivity anomaly within the Polish and Slovak territory is located approximately between the Magura nappe front and the Pieniny Klippen Belt. In Ukraine, where the Magura nappe narrows and disappears, the anomaly reaches the front of the Outer Carpathians. The resulting quasi‐3‐D model of the conductivity structure beneath the Carpathians is compared with other geophysical and geological data within the region. The relation of the position of the conductors to the heat flow models and to location of the earthquakes sources indicates possible geological mechanisms, such as saline pore fluids, thin films of grain boundary graphite, or partial melting, connected with recent activation zones.
Regional Characteristics of the Temporal Variability in the Global Particulate Inorganic Carbon Inventory
Authors: Hopkins Jason , Henson Stephanie A. , Poulton Alex J. , Balch William M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoccolithophores are a biogeochemically important calcifying group of phytoplankton that exert significant influence on the global carbon cycle. They can modulate the air‐sea flux of CO2 through the processes of photosynthesis and calcification and, as one of the primary contributors to the oceanic particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) pool, promote the export of organic carbon to depth. Here we present the first interannually resolved, global analysis of PIC standing stock. Average, global PIC standing stock in the top 100 m is estimated to be 27.04 ± 4.33 Tg PIC, with turnover times of ~7 days, which suggests PIC is likely removed by active processes such as grazing or rapid sinking, mediated through biogenic packaging (i.e., fecal pellets). We find that the Southern Hemisphere plays a significant role in the variability in PIC inventories and that interannual variability in PIC standing stock is driven primarily by variability in the midlatitude oceanic gyres and regions within the Great Calcite Belt of the Southern Ocean. Our results provide a framework against which future changes in global PIC standing stocks may be assessed.
Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
Authors: Swann C. , Sherman D. J. , Ewing R. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAeolian sand transport frequently occurs on Mars despite wind speeds rarely exceeding predicted thresholds for motion. This dissonance is problematic for understanding aeolian processes and the resulting geomorphologic responses in contemporary and ancient atmospheres. To address the apparent discrepancy between speeds required to initiate sand motion and transport observed from orbital and in situ observations, we conducted a series of wind tunnel experiments at Martian atmospheric pressures and used buoyancy as the similitude parameter to simulate the force required to initiate particle motion on Mars. Shear velocities were derived from velocity profiles corresponding to the onset of sporadic transport, which can induce downwind cascading motion. Here, we find that threshold shear velocities are slower than previously thought by a factor of 1.6 to 2.5. Measured wind speeds on Mars exceed our observed thresholds, thus offering one mechanism behind the dissonance between observations of transport below previous thresholds of motion.
TX2019slab: A New P and S Tomography Model Incorporating Subducting Slabs
Authors: Lu Chang , Grand Stephen P. , Lai Hongyu , Garnero Edward J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLarge numbers of earthquakes occur in subduction zones that are marked by dipping, narrow high seismic velocity slabs. The existence of these fast velocity slabs can cause serious earthquake mislocation problems that can bias estimates of seismic travel time residuals. This can affect the recovery of subducting slabs in tomography as well as introduce significant artifacts into lower mantle structure in tomography models. In order to better account for known subducting slabs, we performed a new P and S wave joint tomography inversion incorporating a three‐dimensional thermal model of subducting slabs in the starting model. In addition, velocity and source locations were inverted for simultaneously. Our new P and S models feature higher‐amplitude subducting slabs compared with previous global tomography results. The S to P heterogeneity ratio based on the new tomography model indicates that thermal elastic effects alone cannot explain all the heterogeneities in the lower mantle. Much of the observed abnormal S to P heterogeneity ratio can be explained by anelastic effects, the spin transition, and phase transitions of bridgmanite to post‐perovskite in the lower mantle.
A Joint Analysis of GPS Displacement and GRACE Geopotential Data for Simultaneous Estimation of Geocenter Motion and Gravitational Field
Authors: Razeghi Mahdiyeh , Han Shin‐Chan , McClusky Simon , Sauber Jeanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGravitational potential data from GRACE are being used to study mass redistribution within and between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and solid Earth. The GRACE data are made available in a reference frame with its origin at the center of mass of the Earth system (geocenter) while many other geophysical models and data sets refer to a reference frame attached to the Earth's surface. Changes in the offset between these reference frames (geocenter motion) must be accounted for when GRACE data are used to quantify surface mass changes. In this study, we developed a technique for co‐estimation of geocenter motion and gravitational potential field seamlessly from degree 1 to 90 by simultaneously inverting a set of globally‐distributed GPS displacement time series and the temporally‐varying GRACE gravity data. We found that the effect of geocenter motion was evident particularly in the GPS time series of horizontal displacements. Our estimates of geocenter motion are most consistent with the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) results within 1 mm in X and Z components and a submillimeter in Y component, when compared to monthly variability averaged over the period of 2003–2016. The overall magnitude of the degree‐1 (l = 1) surface mass load is estimated to be ~3 cm in equivalent water height annually migrating south‐westward from Europe (December–January) to the South Pacific (June–July). Our results also show that dense GPS network data improve water storage recovery in major river basins in the United States and Europe by contributing significantly to the recovery of higher‐degree (l ≥ ~20) geopotential coefficients.
The 2019 New Year Stratospheric Sudden Warming and Its Real‐Time Predictions in Multiple S2S Models
Authors: Rao Jian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Chen Haishan , White Ian P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing multiple data sources, favorable conditions for the 2019 SSW event and its predictive skill from 11 subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecast models are explored in this study. This mixed‐type (displacement to split) SSW event occurred under moderate El Niño, easterly quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) together with solar minimum, and phases 4–6 of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO). A strong positive PNA formed and developed in the troposphere before this SSW event, which is associated with enhanced and wave‐1‐dominated eddy heat flux. The predictive limit to this SSW onset is beyond 18 days in most S2S models, longer than the average predictive limit in existing literature. This high predictive skill may originate from the favorable initial conditions (QBO, MJO) and boundary conditions (moderate El Niño, solar minimum). Although some difference in the predictability of the 2019 SSW onset is found between models, most models well forecast its onset at a lead time of 18 days. More than 50% of the ensemble members initialized on 13 December forecast the zonal wind reversal, and the anomaly correlation for tropospheric heights during the SSW onset even exceed 0.7 in the multimodel ensemble (MME). In contrast, the predictability of the wave‐3 and wave‐2 pulses after the SSW onset, responsible for the standing split of the stratospheric polar vortex, is low in the forecast MMEs initialized before the SSW onset. It is a challenge for MMEs initialized before the SSW onset to well forecast the vortex splitting and its persistence 10–20 days after the SSW onset.
The Latitudinal Variability of Oceanic Rainfall Properties and Its Implication for Satellite Retrievals: 2. The Relationships Between Radar Observables and Drop Size Distribution Parameters
Authors: Protat Alain , Klepp Christian , Louf Valentin , Petersen Walter A. , Alexander Simon P. , Barros Ana , Leinonen Jussi , Mace Gerald G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we develop statistical relationships between radar observables and drop size distribution properties in different latitude bands to inform radar rainfall retrieval techniques and understand underpinning microphysical reasons for differences reported in the literature between satellite mean zonal rainfall products at high latitudes (up to a factor 2 between products over ocean). A major assumption in satellite retrievals is the attenuation‐reflectivity relationships for convective and stratiform precipitation. They are found to systematically produce higher attenuation than our relationships with all latitudes included or within individual latitude bands (except in the tropics). The scatter around fitted curves approximating the radar reflectivity‐mass‐weighted diameter Dm relationship and the dual‐frequency ratio (ratio of Ka‐ to Ku‐band reflectivities)‐Dm relationships is found to be large and of the same magnitude. This result suggests that the added value of two radar frequencies to improve the Dm retrieval from space seems limited. In contrast, the relationship between Dm and the attenuation/reflectivity ratio is robust and not dependent on latitude. Direct relationships between rainfall and either reflectivity or attenuation are also found to be very robust. Attenuation‐reflectivity, Dm‐reflectivity, and rainfall rate‐reflectivity relationships in the Southern Hemisphere high latitude and Northern Hemisphere polar latitude bands are fundamentally different from those at other latitude bands, producing smaller attenuation, much larger Dm, and lower rainfall rates. This implies that specific relationships need to be used for these latitude bands in radar rainfall retrieval techniques using such relationships.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Aboveground Woody Carbon Storage for Cerrado Forests and Woodlands of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Vourlitis George L. , Zappia Anthony , Borges Pinto Osvaldo , Zanella de Arruda Paulo Henrique , Santanna Franciele Bomfiglio , Dalmagro Higo J. , Lobo Francisco de Almeida , Nogueira José de Souza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTropical forests and savanna account for nearly 65% of the total global terrestrial net primary production (NPP); however, there are still large uncertainties in tropical forest NPP because of limited field measurements, especially in the structurally diverse Brazilian savanna (cerrado). To address this uncertainty, we measured patterns of aboveground wood C stocks (Cw) and rates of wood C storage (ΔCw) over a 7‐year period for cerrado forests and woodlands of southern Mato Grosso, Brazil, arrayed across hydrological and soil fertility gradients. We focused on ΔCw because it is an important component of NPP, and wood is a stable, long‐term, C storage reservoir. Annual rates of ΔCw were significantly affected by estimates of P and cation (K and Ca) availability, and analysis of covariance indicated that relationships between ΔCw and nutrient availability were independent of stand hydrology. Both upland and hyperseasonal stands exhibited a decline in ΔCw during the 2015–16 El Niño event, which was exceptionally warm and dry. A limited analysis of the uncertainty associated with the field measurements ranged from 7% for wood density to 24% for tree density, while the uncertainty associated with derived quantities ranged from 10% for tree height to 41% for Cw. Overall, these results suggest that soil fertility and annual precipitation are important drivers of ΔCw and that warming and drying associated with climate change will cause a decline in aboveground woody C storage for these, and similar, tropical forests and woodlands.
Pyrolytic carbon resonators for micromechanical thermal analysis
Authors: Nguyen Long Quang , Larsen Peter Emil , Larsen Tom , Goswami Sanjukta Bose , Villanueva Luis Guillermo , Boisen Anja , Keller Stephan Sylvest 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermal analysis is essential for the characterization of polymers and drugs. However, the currently established methods require a large amount of sample. Here, we present pyrolytic carbon resonators as promising tools for micromechanical thermal analysis (MTA) of nanograms of polymers. Doubly clamped pre-stressed beams with a resonance frequency of 233 ± 4 kHz and a quality factor (Q factor) of 800 ± 200 were fabricated. Optimization of the electrical conductivity of the pyrolytic carbon allowed us to explore resistive heating for integrated temperature control. MTA was achieved by monitoring the resonance frequency and quality factor of the carbon resonators with and without a deposited sample as a function of temperature. To prove the potential of pyrolytic carbon resonators as thermal analysis tools, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of semicrystalline poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and the melting temperature (Tm) of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) were determined. The results show that the Tg of PLLA and Tm of PCL are 61.0 ± 0.8 °C and 60.0 ± 1.0 °C, respectively, which are in excellent agreement with the values measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Mode‐locked diode laser‐based two‐photon polymerisation
Authors: Surkamp N. , Zyla G. , Gurevich E.L. , Klehr A. , Knigge A. , Ostendorf A. , Hofmann M.R. 
Published: October 2019

In this Letter, the authors present the construction of three‐dimensional microstructures by two‐photon polymerisation induced by ultrashort pulses of a mode‐locked diode laser. The ultrafast light source is based on a diode laser with segmented metallisation to realise a waveguide integrated saturable absorber. It is subsequently amplified and compressed resulting in ultrashort laser pulses of 440 fs length and average output power of 160 mW at a fundamental repetition rate of 383.1 MHz. These pulses are coupled into a customised two‐photon polymerisation setup. A series of suspended lines were fabricated between support cuboids for testing the process behaviour. A 3D structure with complex features was polymerised to demonstrate the high potential for mode‐locked diode lasers in the field of direct laser writing.
KiDS-SQuaD
Authors: Khramtsov Vladislav , Sergeyev Alexey , Spiniello Chiara , Tortora Crescenzo , Napolitano Nicola R. , Agnello Adriano , Getman Fedor , de Jong Jelte T. A. , Kuijken Konrad , Radovich Mario , Shan HuanYuan , Shulga Valery 
Published: October 2019

Context.The KiDS Strongly lensed QUAsar Detection project (KiDS-SQuaD) is aimed at finding as many previously undiscovered gravitational lensed quasars as possible in the Kilo Degree Survey. This is the second paper of this series where we present a new, automatic object-classification method based on the machine learning technique.Aims.The main goal of this paper is to build a catalogue of bright extragalactic objects (galaxies and quasars) from the KiDS Data Release 4, with minimum stellar contamination and preserving the completeness as much as possible. We show here that this catalogue represents the perfect starting point to search for reliable gravitationally lensed quasar candidates.Methods.After testing some of the most used machine learning algorithms, decision-tree-based classifiers, we decided to use CatBoost, which was specifically trained with the aim of creating a sample of extragalactic sources that is as clean of stars as possible. We discuss the input data, define the training sample for the classifier, give quantitative estimates of its performances, and finally describe the validation results withGaiaDR2, AllWISE, and GAMA catalogues.Results.We built and made available to the scientific community the KiDS Bright EXtraGalactic Objects catalogue (KiDS-BEXGO), specifically created to find gravitational lenses but applicable to a wide number of scientific purposes. The KiDS-BEXGO catalogue is made of ≈6 million sources classified as quasars (≈200 000) and galaxies (≈5.7 M) up tor <  22m. To demonstrate the potential of the catalogue in the search for strongly lensed quasars, we selected ≈950 “Multiplets”: close pairs of quasars or galaxies surrounded by at least one quasar. We present cutouts and coordinates of the 12 most reliable gravitationally lensed quasar candidates. We showed that employing a machine learning method decreases the stellar contaminants within the gravitationally lensed candidates, comparing the current results to the previous ones, presented in the first paper from this series.Conclusions.Our work presents the first comprehensive identification of bright extragalactic objects in KiDS DR4 data, which is, for us, the first necessary step towards finding strong gravitational lenses in wide-sky photometric surveys, but has also many other more general astrophysical applications.
A MUSE study of the inner bulge globular cluster Terzan 9: a fossil record in the Galaxy
Authors: Ernandes H. , Dias B. , Barbuy B. , Kamann S. , Ortolani S. , Cantelli E. , Bica E. , Rossi L. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Moderately metal-poor inner bulge globular clusters are relics of a generation of long-lived stars that formed in the early Galaxy. Terzan 9, projected at 4°.12 from the Galactic center, is among the most central globular clusters in the Milky Way, showing an orbit which remains confined to the inner 1 kpc.
Aims. Our aim is the derivation of the cluster’s metallicity, together with an accurate measurement of the mean radial velocity. In the literature, metallicities in the range between −2.0 <  [Fe/H] <  −1.0 have been estimated for Terzan 9 based on color-magnitude diagrams and CaII triplet (CaT) lines.
Methods. Given its compactness, Terzan 9 was observed using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope. The extraction of spectra from several hundreds of individual stars allowed us to derive their radial velocities, metallicities, and [Mg/Fe]. The spectra obtained with MUSE were analysed through full spectrum fitting using the ETOILE code.
Results. We obtained a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] ≈ −1.10 ±0.15, a heliocentric radial velocity of vhr = 58.1 ± 1.1 km s−1, and a magnesium-to-iron [Mg/Fe] = 0.27 ± 0.03. The metallicity-derived character of Terzan 9 sets it among the family of the moderately metal-poor Blue Horizontal Branch clusters HP 1, NGC 6558, and NGC 6522.