bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reynolds-Averaged Simulation of the Fully Developed Turbulent Drag Reduction Flow in Concentric Annuli
Authors: Xiong Xiao , Zhang Yan , Rahman Mohammad Azizur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReynolds-averaged modeling is performed for polymer-induced drag reduction (DR) fluid at the fully developed turbulent regime in a concentric annulus by using the commercial code, ansys-fluent. The numerical approach adopted in this study relies on a modified k–ε–v2¯–f model to characterize the turbulence and the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic-Peterlin (FENE-P) constitutive model to represent the rheological behavior of the polymer solution. The near-wall axial velocity, Reynolds stress, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget near both walls of the annulus (fixed radius ratio of 0.4) are compared in detail at a constant Reynolds number (Re=10,587) and various rheological parameters (Weissenberg number We in the range of 1–7 and the maximum polymer elongation L = 30 and 100). Current simulation has predicted the redistributions of turbulent statistics in the annulus, where the two turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) of the DR flow differ more compared to those of its Newtonian counterpart. The difference is also found to be highly dependent on the rheological properties of the viscoelastic fluid.
Quaternary slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone, eastern California: Implications for comparing geologic to geodetic slip rates across the Walker Lane
Authors: Lifton Zachery M. , Lee Jeffrey , Frankel Kurt L. , Newman Andrew V. , Schroeder Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe White Mountains fault zone in eastern California is a major fault system that accommodates right-lateral shear across the southern Walker Lane. We combined field geomorphic mapping and interpretation of high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models with 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages to calculate new late Pleistocene and Holocene right-lateral slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone. Alluvial fans were found to have ages of 46.6 + 11.0/–10.0 ka and 7.3 + 4.2/–4.5 ka, with right-lateral displacements of 65 ± 13 m and 14 ± 5 m, respectively, yielding a minimum average slip rate of 1.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr. These new slip rates help to resolve the kinematics of fault slip across this part of the complex Pacific–North American plate boundary. Our results suggest that late Pleistocene slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone were significantly faster than previously reported. These results also help to reconcile a portion of the observed discrepancy between modern geodetic strain rates and known late Pleistocene slip rates in the southern Walker Lane. The total middle to late Pleistocene slip rate from the southern Walker Lane near 37.5°N was 7.9 + 1.3/–0.6 mm/yr, ∼75% of the observed modern geodetic rate.
T-piece resuscitators: can they provide safe ventilation in a low compliant newborn lung?
Authors: Hinder Murray Kenneth , Drevhammar Thomas , Donaldsson Snorri , Boustred Matthew , Crott Matthew , Tracy Mark Brian 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundT-piece resuscitators (TPRs) are used for primary newborn resuscitation in birthing and emergency rooms worldwide. A recent study has shown spikes in peak inflation pressure (PIP) over set values with two brands of TPRs inbuilt into infant warmer/resuscitation platforms. We aimed to compare delivered ventilation between two TPR drivers with inflation pressure spikes to a standard handheld TPR in a low test lung compliance (Crs), leak-free bench test model.MethodsA single operator provided positive pressure ventilation to a low compliance test lung model (Crs 0.2–1 mL/cmH2O) at set PIP of 15, 25, 35 and 40 cmH2O. Two TPR devices with known spikes (Draeger Resuscitaire, GE Panda) were compared with handheld Neopuff (NP). Recommended settings for positive end-expiratory pressure (5 cmH2O), inflation rate of 60/min and gas flow rate 10 L/min were used.Results2293 inflations were analysed. Draeger and GE TPR drivers delivered higher mean PIP (Panda 18.9–49.5 cmH2O; Draeger 21.2–49.2 cmH2O and NP 14.8–39.9 cmH2O) compared with set PIP and tidal volumes (TVs) compared with the NP (Panda 2.9–7.8 mL; Draeger 3.8–8.1 mL; compared with NP 2.2–6.0 mL), outside the prespecified acceptable range (±10% of set PIP and ±10% TV compared with NP).ConclusionThe observed spike in PIP over set values with Draeger and GE Panda systems resulted in significantly higher delivered volumes compared with the NP with identical settings. Manufacturers need to address these differences. The effect on patient outcomes is unknown.
Four-year observation of the changes in corneal endothelium cell density and
correlated factors after Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation
Authors: Yang Wen , Zhao Jing , Sun Ling , Zhao Jiao , Niu Lingling , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: June 2020

Background
To evaluate the changes in corneal endothelium cell density (ECD) and the
correlated factors after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c
implantation.

Methods
In this retrospective, consecutive study, 48 eyes of 25 patients with
myopia who underwent ICL V4c implantation were enrolled. Patients were followed
up for at least 4 years, during which manifest refraction, uncorrected distance
visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure,
ECD, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber
angle (ACA), vault and distance from the corneal endothelium to the central ICL
(C-ICL) were measured. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to identify
variables correlated with changes in ECD, and generalised estimating equation
model adjusting within-patient intereye correlations was used to predict
changes in ECD.

Results
All surgeries were performed safely with no complications during follow-up
(average 52±2.9 months). Safety and efficacy indices were 1.23±0.22 and
1.04±0.16, respectively. No eyes had decreased CDVA, and 67% gained one or more
lines. Further, 79% were within ±0.50 D, and 100% were within ±1.0 D of the
attempted refraction. Additionally, a 4.03%±2.2% reduction in ECD compared with
the preoperative value was observed at the last follow-up visit. Changes in ECD
were significantly correlated with vault, C-ICL, change in ACA and change in
ACV. Vault was the most significant factor for changes in ECD.

Conclusions
ICL V4c implantation is safe and effective for myopia correction. Anterior
segment biometric parameters including the vault, ACA and C-ICL may influence
changes in ECD; specifically, the vault plays a major role.
A data linkage study of suspected seizures in the urgent and emergency care system in the UK
Authors: Hughes-Gooding Thomas , Dickson Jon M , O'Keeffe Colin , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe urgent and emergency care (UEC) system is struggling with increased demand, some of which is clinically unnecessary. Patients suffering suspected seizures commonly present to EDs, but most seizures are self-limiting and have low risk of short-term adverse outcomes. We aimed to investigate the flow of suspected seizure patients through the UEC system using data linkage to facilitate the development of new models of care.MethodsWe used a two-stage process of deterministic linking to perform a cross-sectional analysis of data from adults in a large region in England (population 5.4 million) during 2014. The core dataset comprised a total of 739 436 ambulance emergency incidents, 1 033 778 ED attendances and 362 358 admissions.ResultsA high proportion of cases were successfully linked (86.9% ED-inpatient, 77.7% ED-ambulance). Suspected seizures represented 2.8% of all ambulance service incidents. 61.7% of these incidents led to dispatch of a rapid-response ambulance (8 min) and 72.1% were conveyed to hospital. 37 patients died before being conveyed to hospital and 24 died in the ED (total 61; 0.3%). The inpatient death rate was 0.4%. Suspected seizures represented 0.71% of ED attendances, 89.8% of these arrived by emergency ambulance, 45.4% were admitted and 44.5% of these admissions lasted under 48 hours.ConclusionsThis study confirms previously published data from smaller unlinked datasets, validating the linkage method, and provides new data for suspected seizures. There are significant barriers to realising the full potential of data linkage. Collaborative action is needed to create facilitative governance frameworks and improve data quality and analytical capacity.
Novel histopathological classification of meningiomas based on dural invasion
Authors: Murase Makoto , Tamura Ryota , Kuranari Yuki , Sato Mizuto , Ohara Kentaro , Morimoto Yukina , Yoshida Kazunari , Toda Masahiro 
Published: June 2020

AimsHistological invasion into the adjacent brain parenchyma is frequently investigated in meningioma because it is an important morphological criterion for grade II meningioma according to the 2016 WHO classification. However, few studies have focused on dural invasion of meningiomas. Herein, we propose a novel histopathological classification based on dural invasion of meningiomas.MethodsForty-nine cases with WHO grade I meningiomas who underwent Simpson grade I removal were collected. After the meningeal layer (ML) and periosteal layer (PL) of dura mater were visualised by Masson’s trichrome stain, we evaluated the depth (to the ML and PL) and the patterns (1, expanding; 2, infiltrating) of dural invasion of meningiomas using serial paraffin sections. Invasion-associated markers, including Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9 and MMP-13, aquaporin 1 and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, were quantitatively analysed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThirty-five cases (71.4%) showed the dural invasion. In 27 of these 35 cases (77.1%), dural invasion was localised in ML. Type 1 (expanding type) and type 2 (infiltrating type) invasions were observed in 23 and 12 cases, respectively. The recurrence rate in cases with type 2 invasion was significantly higher than that in cases with type 1 invasion. The percentage of MMP-1-positive tumour cells was also significantly higher in cases with dural invasion than those without, suggesting involvement of MMP-1 in dural invasion.ConclusionsWe quantitatively evaluated the depth and patterns of dural invasion in meningiomas. The patterns of dural invasion were associated with meningioma recurrence.
Risk of 30-day mortality and its association with alcohol concentration level among driver victims of motor vehicle crashes: comparison of population- and hospital-based designs
Authors: Chang Ya-Hui , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Hsu I-Lin , Chen Bae-Ling , Li Chung-Yi 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAlthough blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is undoubtedly associated with increased risk of injury among driver victims involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), some studies noted that high BAC was associated with reduced risk of mortality after injury. In addition, most of the previous studies included only injured patients admitted, which may lead to potential selection bias arising from exclusion of those with minor injury and those who died at the accident scene of MVC.MethodThe population-based design included 2586 driver victims with BAC equivalent >0 and 10 307 matched controls (BAC equivalent =0) selected from the Police-reported Traffic Accident Registry from 1 July to 31 December 2016 in Taiwan. The hospital-based design comprised a subset sample, which included 517 driver victims with BAC equivalent >0 and 662 with BAC equivalent =0 hospitalised on the same day the MVCs occurred. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of 30-day mortality associated with BAC equivalent level.ResultsIn the population-based design, a positive dose–gradient relationship was observed between BAC equivalent level and 30-day mortality, with a covariate-adjusted OR of 3.77 (95% CI 1.84 to 7.72), 6.19 (95% CI 3.13 to 12.26) and 7.75 (95% CI 4.51 to 13.32) for low, moderate and high BAC equivalent levels, respectively. By contrast, the hospital-based design revealed no significant association between 30-day mortality and alcohol concentration regardless of the BAC equivalent level.ConclusionThe association between BAC equivalent level and short-term mortality could have been overlooked in hospital-based studies that excluded MVC-related deaths outside hospital settings.
How much of the future mortality toll of smoking can be avoided?
Authors: Warner Kenneth E , Mendez David 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo determine how much future smoking-related mortality in the USA can be prevented, recognising that some of that future mortality results from past smoking.MethodsEmploying a dynamic population simulation model, we estimate smoking’s expected mortality burden in the USA, measured as life-years lost (LYL), in a status-quo scenario run from 2018 through 2100. We then estimate LYL attributable to past smoking assuming that all smoking ceases at the end of 2017. We calculate the potential avoidable LYL, which we call the maximum potential reduction in premature mortality (MPRPM), as the difference between the two. We use data from the US Census Bureau, National Vital Statistics Reports, the National Health Interview Survey and Cancer Prevention Study II.ResultsUnder status-quo assumptions, smoking will claim 305 million LYL in the US from 2018 to 2100. If all smoking ceased at the end of 2017, past smoking would be responsible for 191.8 million LYL. Thus, avoidable LYL by 2100—the MPRPM—would be 113.2 million, 37% of the expected toll of smoking. A sensitivity analysis finds that were the annual smoking initiation rate 3% instead of 7.8%, the MPRPM would be 13-14% lower. Were the annual permanent smoking cessation rate twice our status-quo estimate of 4.35%, the MPRPM would be 38-39% lower.ConclusionsPublic health can address only the future toll of future smoking. Smoking’s MPRPM is the reduction in the mortality burden of smoking that tobacco control can strive to achieve.
Four-point functions in momentum space: conformal ward identities in the scalar/tensor case
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Maglio Matteo Maria , Theofilopoulos Dimosthenis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe derive and analyze the conformal Ward identities (CWI’s) of a tensor 4-point function of a generic CFT in momentum space. The correlator involves the stress–energy tensor T and three scalar operators O (TOOO). We extend the reconstruction method for tensor correlators from 3- to 4-point functions, starting from the transverse traceless sector of the TOOO. We derive the structure of the corresponding CWI’s in two different sets of variables, relevant for the analysis of the 1–3 (1 graviton $$\rightarrow $$→ 3 scalars) and 2–2 (graviton + scalar $$\rightarrow $$→ two scalars) scattering processes. The equations are all expressed in terms of a single form factor. In both cases we discuss the structure of the equations and their possible behaviors in various asymptotic limits of the external invariants. A comparative analysis of the systems of equations for the TOOO and those for the OOOO, both in the general (conformal) and dual-conformal/conformal (dcc) cases, is presented. We show that in all the cases the Lauricella functions are homogeneous solutions of such systems of equations, also described as parametric 4K integrals of modified Bessel functions.
Stable exponential cosmological solutions with three different Hubble-like parameters in EGB model with a $$\Lambda $$-term
Authors: Ernazarov K. K. , Ivashchuk V. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider aD-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model with a cosmological term$$\Lambda $$Λand two non-zero constants:$$\alpha _1$$α1and$$\alpha _2$$α2. We restrict the metrics to be diagonal ones and study a class of solutions with exponential time dependence of three scale factors, governed by three non-coinciding Hubble-like parameters:$$H \ne 0$$H≠0,$$h_1$$h1and$$h_2$$h2, obeying$$m H + k_1 h_1 + k_2 h_2 \ne 0$$mH+k1h1+k2h2≠0and corresponding to factor spaces of dimensions$$m > 1$$m>1,$$k_1 > 1$$k1>1and$$k_2 > 1$$k2>1, respectively ($$D = 1 + m + k_1 + k_2$$D=1+m+k1+k2). We analyse two cases: i)$$m< k_1 < k_2$$m<k1<k2and ii)$$1< k_1 = k_2 = k$$1<k1=k2=k,$$k \ne m$$k≠m. We show that in both cases the solutions exist if$$\alpha = \alpha _2 / \alpha _1 > 0$$α=α2/α1>0and$$\alpha \Lambda > 0$$αΛ>0satisfies certain restrictions, e.g. upper and lower bounds. In case ii) explicit relations for exact solutions are found. In both cases the subclasses of stable and non-stable solutions are singled out. For$$m > 3$$m>3the case i) contains a subclass of solutions describing an exponential expansion of 3-dimensional subspace with Hubble parameter$$H > 0$$H>0and zero variation of the effective gravitational constantG. The case$$H = 0$$H=0is also considered.
Chapter 3 Pre-Late Cretaceous basement terranes of the Gondwana active margin of New Caledonia
Authors: Maurizot P. , Cluzel D. , Meffre S. , Campbell H. J. , Collot J. , Sevin B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The basement under the Late Cretaceous unconformity in New Caledonia consists of three amalgamated terranes. They are all oceanic, arc-related and developed offshore from the eastern Gondwana active margin during periods of marginal basin development. Téremba Terrane is composed of deep sea Permian to Mesozoic arc-derived volcanic rocks and greywackes. The Koh–Central Terrane includes at its base an ophiolite with island arc tholeiites and boninites (Koh Ophiolite) of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age overlain by a thick sequence of greywacke (Central Range Volcaniclastic Rocks) of Permian to Late Jurassic age. The Téremba Terrane and the Koh–Central Terrane may be part of the same forearc basin, with the rocks from the Koh–Central Terrane deposited in a deeper environment. The Boghen Terrane is a metamorphic complex composed of schists, broken formations and mafic–ultramafic mélange, derived from mixed terrigenous and volcanic sources. The overall fine grain size and laminar bedding suggest deep sea and more distal deposition than the other terranes. The maximum depositional ages from detrital zircons suggest deposition during the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The terrane is interpreted as a metamorphosed subduction complex that includes blueschist and greenschist facies metamorphic rocks exhumed through the Koh–Central Terrane. At a regional scale, the nature of these three pre-Late Cretaceous terranes confirms the existing palaeogeographical reconstructions, which locate New Caledonia outboard the ocean–continent subduction that surrounded Gondwana during the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. A detailed analysis of these terranes and their relationship with East Australian terranes of the same age shows that a marginal basin system probably existed between mainland Gondwana and proto-New Caledonia and closed before the Late Cretaceous. A tentative detailed reconstruction of this margin during the Carboniferous–Early Cretaceous period is proposed.
Chapter 9 Mineral resources and prospectivity of non-ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia
Authors: Maurizot P. , Sevin B. , Lesimple S. , Collot J. , Jeanpert J. , Bailly L. , Robineau B. , Patriat M. , Etienne S. , Monnin C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The mineral resources of the non-ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia and its Exclusive Economic Zone can be classified according to their host rocks. The metallic mineral resources are essentially associated with volcanic and magmatic activity. Non-economic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits with Cu and Au are located in the Late Carboniferous Koh Ophiolite and in the Late Cretaceous Poya Terrane. Base metals, Au and Ag of the sedimentary–exhalative type are present in the metamorphic Diahot-Panié Metamorphic Complex, associated with syn-rift volcanism. An Au–Sb metallogenic province is associated with the post-obduction Late Oligocene granitoids and co-genetic hydrothermal silica–carbonate (listwanite) zones in the Peridotite Nappe; Au is disseminated in the granites and Sb occurs as lodes in the silica–carbonate. Among the non-metallic mineral resources, barite, gypsum, magnesite, phosphate, clays, dimension stones, limestone for use as cement and as a neutralizer, and aggregates are all present. Gemstones such as jade and chrysoprase are only used locally. Late Cretaceous coal, which was briefly exploited in the past, is now considered to be a source rock for an offshore potential oil and gas system. Petroleum prospectivity is currently focused on the Fairway Basin. Several low-enthalpy thermo-mineral springs with a weak geothermal energy potential are known on Grande Terre.
Chapter 4 Late Cretaceous to Eocene cover of New Caledonia: from rifting to convergence
Authors: Maurizot P. , Bordenave A. , Cluzel D. , Collot J. , Etienne S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

In New Caledonia, the cover refers to the autochthonous Late Cretaceous to Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic formations unconformably overlying the basement rocks and underlying the allochthonous nappes. The first period of deposition, broadly from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (
c.
105–56 Ma) was controlled by extension and rifting. The second period, broadly the Eocene (
c.
56–34 Ma), was dominated by convergence and contraction. The Late Cretaceous part of the cover consists of synrift conglomerates and coal-bearing deposits with interlayered bimodal, subduction-related and intra-plate volcanic rocks. The post-rift deposits are deep water sedimentary rocks deposited under anoxic conditions with reduced terrigenous input. The Paleocene to Eocene formations, mainly carbonates, attest to profound palaeogeographical changes and a switch to a different geodynamic regime, linked to the onset of Eocene convergence. The Middle to Late Eocene formations are typically composed of turbidites and breccias. They were deposited in a typical flexural foreland basin context as an upwards-coarsening sequence topped by an olistostrome. They are associated with tectonic convergence and east-dipping subduction that led to the end-Eocene obduction of ophiolitic nappes. This two-fold evolution, extension then compression, can be integrated in the wider framework of the plate tectonic evolution of the SW Pacific.
Chapter 6 The Loyalty Islands and Ridge, New Caledonia
Authors: Maurizot P. , Collot J. , Cluzel D. , Patriat M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Loyalty Ridge lies to the east and NE of the Norfolk Ridge. The three main Loyalty Islands (Maré, Lifou and Ouvéa) emerge from the ridge at the same latitude as Grande Terre. The islands are uniformly composed of carbonate deposits, except for Maré, where Middle Miocene intra-plate basalts and associated volcaniclastic rocks form restricted outcrops. Miocene rhodolith limestones constitute the bulk of the carbonate cover of the three islands. On Maré, these platform accumulations are locally topped by a dolomitic hardground, which, in turn, is covered by Pliocene–Pleistocene coral-bearing formations. These coral reef constructions are preserved as elevated rims over all three islands and define an atoll stage in their development. The Pleistocene–Holocene palaeoshoreline indicators include fringing bioconstructions and marine notches and record both eustatic sea-level changes and tectonic deformation. The ridge has been in the forebulge region in front of the active Vanuatu subduction zone since the Pliocene and each of the three islands has been uplifted and tilted to varying degrees. Offshore, the Loyalty Ridge continues northwards to the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and southwards to the Three Kings Ridge. Although typically volcanic, the nature of the deep Loyalty Ridge remains unknown.