bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of functional independence after optimal reperfusion in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke with indication for intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Riou‐Comte N. , Guillemin F. , Gory B. , Lapergue B. , Zhu F. , Soudant M. , Piotin M. , Humbertjean L. , Mione G. , Lacour J.‐C. , Anxionnat R. , Hossu G. , Bracard S. , Richard S. ,   the THRACE, ASTER investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeIntravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy (IVT + MT) is the best current management of acute stroke due to large‐vessel occlusion and results in optimal reperfusion for most patients. Nevertheless, some of these patients do not subsequently achieve functional independence. The aim was to identify baseline factors associated with 3‐month independence after optimal reperfusion and to validate a prediction model.MethodsAll consecutive patients with intracranial anterior large‐vessel occlusion, with indication for IVT + MT and achieving optimal reperfusion (defined as modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischaemia score 2b–3), from the THRACE trial and the ETIS registry, were included in order to identify a prediction model. The primary outcome was 3‐month independence [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2]. Multivariate inferences invoked forward logistic regression, multiple imputation and bootstrap resampling. Predictive performance was assessed by c‐statistic. Model validation was conducted on patients from the ASTER trial.ResultsAmongst 139 patients (mean age 65.5 years; 54.3% female), predictors of 3‐month mRS ≤ 2 (n = 82) were younger age [odds ratio 0.62 per 10‐year increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.72] and higher Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) (odds ratio 1.65 per 1‐point increase; 95% CI 1.47–1.86) with c‐statistic 0.77. Model validation (n = 104/181 patients with 3‐month mRS ≤ 2) demonstrated a moderate discrimination (c‐statistic 0.74; 95% CI 0.66–0.81) combining age and ASPECTS. The validation model was improved by the adjunction of three candidate variables that were found to be predictors. Addition of baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, history of vascular risk factor and onset‐to‐reperfusion time significantly improved discrimination (c‐statistic 0.85; 95% CI 0.83–0.87).ConclusionsAfter optimal reperfusion, younger age, higher ASPECTS, lower NIHSS score, shorter onset‐to‐reperfusion time and absence of vascular risk factor were predictive of independence and could help to guide patient management.
PER2 C111G polymorphism, cognitive reserve and cognition in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Bessi V. , Giacomucci G. , Mazzeo S. , Bagnoli S. , Padiglioni S. , Balestrini J. , Tomaiuolo G. , Piaceri I. , Carraro M. , Bracco L. , Sorbi S. , Nacmias B. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeCLOCK and PER2 genes have been implicated in sleep–wake cycle alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CLOCK T3111C and PER2 C111G on cognitive functioning in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients at the baseline of a longitudinal study, and the effect of these two polymorphisms on the progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of the two groups.MethodsSixty‐eight subjects (41 SCD and 27 MCI) who underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, CLOCK and PER2 genotyping at baseline and neuropsychological follow‐up every 2 years for a mean time of 10 years were included. Subjects who developed AD (SCD‐c and MCI‐c) and non‐converters (SCD‐nc, MCI‐nc) were considered.ResultsCLOCK T3111C was detected in 47% of cases (21 SCD, 11 MCI) and PER2 C111G in 19% of cases (eight SCD and five MCI). PER2 G carriers presented lower premorbid intelligence score (P = 0.049), fewer years of education (P = 0.007) and a lower frequency of family history of AD (P = 0.04) than G non‐carriers. MCI PER2 G carriers had worse performance in tests assessing memory, executive function, language and visuospatial abilities at baseline. During follow‐up, two SCD and 15 MCI subjects progressed to AD: both of the SCD‐c subjects presented the PER2 G allele, while none of the SCD PER2 G non‐carriers converted to AD (P = 0.003).ConclusionPER2 seems to have a role in cognitive reserve and cognition in SCD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the role of PER2 C111G on the risk of progression to AD.
Self‐reported quality of life and degree of youth‐parent agreement: A long‐term follow‐up of childhood‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Ferro Mark A. , Camfield Carol S. , Levin Simon D. , Smith Mary Lou , Wiebe Samuel , Zou Guangyong , Speechley Kathy N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively delineate self‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) 8 and 10 years after an epilepsy diagnosis and evaluate the degree of AYA‐parent agreement in ratings of AYA’s HRQOL.MethodsData came from the Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study (HERQULES), a 10‐year longitudinal study of children, aged 4‐12 years, with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy‐specific HRQOL was self‐reported by AYA 8 and 10 years after diagnosis and by parents at multiple time points throughout the 10‐year follow‐up. Measurers of HRQOL over time were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effect model approach. AYA‐parent agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsA total of 165 AYAs participated at long‐term follow‐up. There was considerable heterogeneity among AYA’s HRQOL, and as a group, there was no significant change in HRQOL from the 8‐ to 10‐year follow‐up. Household income at the time of diagnosis, seizure control at follow‐up, and a history of emotional problems (anxiety/depression) were independent predictors of HRQOL at follow‐up. AYA‐parent agreement on AYA’s HRQOL was moderate (ICC 0.62, 95% CI 0.51‐0.71), although considerable differences were observed at the individual level. AYA‐parent agreement varied with AYA’s and parent's age, seizure control, and family environment.SignificanceIn the long‐term after a diagnosis of epilepsy, AYAs report stable HRQOL over time at the group level, although notable individual differences exist. Seizure control, anxiety/depression, and family environment meaningfully impact AYA’s long‐term HRQOL. AYA and parent reports on HRQOL are similar at the group level, although they cannot be used interchangeably, given the large individual differences observed.
First report of Scaphoideus titanus for Madeira Island
Authors: Aguin‐Pombo D. , Aguiar A. M. F. , Cravo D. 
Published: September 2020

This is the first report of Scaphoideus titanus, the main vector of flavescence dorée, for Madeira (Portugal) and also for Macaronesia. This new record currently represents its southernmost occurrence in Europe. This leafhopper is present in most of the primary wine production regions in the north of Madeira island. There were no symptoms of flavescence dorée disease during the monitoring period from 2010 to 2017. The ability of S. titanus to survive in regions with a subtropical climate suggests that it may also live in the most meridional areas of the Mediterranean region where, until now, it has been absent.
Evidence of fostering in an internally brooding sea anemone
Authors: Lane Sarah M. , Briffa Mark , Wilson Alastair J. , Truebano Manuela , Foster Nicola L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEvidence of alloparental care during the incubation stage has largely been demonstrated for species that incubate their offspring externally in a nest. Alloparental care in these species generally consists of the rearing of mixed broods which contain a low proportion of “foreign” young alongside the host's own offspring. However, many animals, including sea anemones, incubate offspring either on or within their bodies. The beadlet anemone Actinia equina incubate their young internally, and as many sea anemones are capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually, the origin of these internally brooded young has been the subject of much debate. While genetically identical young are brooded internally under the juvenile stage, it is thought that those produced sexually are released as larvae into the water and must return to the gastric cavity of an adult in order for metamorphosis to occur. As the likelihood of a planula larva finding its way back to its parent is slim, this suggests that alloparental care may play a role in the survival of juveniles in this species, a hypothesis first suggested a century ago but rarely tested. Here, using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, we find evidence of alloparental care in A. equina. Our results indicate that while a high proportion of juveniles were genetically identical to their brooding adult, the remaining juveniles showed stark genetic differences to their brooding adult. These juveniles shared far fewer alleles with their “parent” than expected under sexual reproduction, indicating that they were not the adult's offspring. Furthermore, we found variation in the genetic composition of broods, which consisted either of (a) entirely genetically identical individuals, (b) a mix of unique individuals and clonemates or (c) entirely unique individuals, that is no shared genotype. Our results thus indicate that adult A. equina tolerate the presence of non‐offspring within their gastric cavity and furthermore that they may incubate entirely “foreign” broods.
Commercial genetic testing for type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy and myofibrillar myopathy does not correspond to a histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Finno Carrie J. , Henry Marisa L. , Schott Melissa , Velez‐Irizarry Deborah , Peng Sichong , McKenzie Erica C. , Petersen Jessica L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommercial genetic tests for type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) and myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) have not been validated by peer‐review, and formal regulation of veterinary genetic testing is lacking.ObjectivesTo compare genotype and allele frequencies of commercial test variants (P variants) in MYOT (P2; rs1138656462), FLNC (P3a; rs1139799323), FLNC (P3b; rs1142918816) and MYOZ3 (P4; rs1142544043) between Warmblood (WB) and Arabian (AR) horses diagnosed with PSSM2/MFM by muscle histopathology, and phenotyped breed‐matched controls. To quantify variant frequency in public repositories of ancient and modern horse breeds.Study designCross sectional using archived clinical material and publicly available data.MethodsWe studied 54 control‐WB, 68 PSSM2/MFM‐WB, 30 control‐AR, 30 PSSM2/MFM‐AR and 205 public genotypes. Variants were genotyped by pyrosequencing archived DNA. Genotype and allele frequency, and number of variant alleles or loci were compared within breed between controls, PSSM2/MFM combined and MFM or PSSM2 horses considered separately using additive/genotypic and dominant models (Fisher's exact tests). Variant frequencies in modern, early domestic and Przewalski horses were determined from a public data repository.ResultsThere was no significant association between any P locus and a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2/MFM, and no difference between control and myopathic horses in total loci with alternative alleles, or total alternate alleles when PSSM2/MFM was considered combined or separately as PSSM2 or MFM. For all tests, sensitivity was <0.33. Allele frequencies in WB (controls/cases) were: 8%/15% (P2), 5%/6% (P3a/b) and 9%/13% (P4); in AR, frequencies were: 12%/17% (P2), 2%/2% (P3a/b) and 7%/12% (P4). All P variants were present in early domestic (400‐ to 5500‐year‐old) horses and P2 present in the Przewalski.ConclusionsBecause of the lack of significant association between a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2 or MFM and the commercial genetic test variants P2, P3 and P4 in WB and AR, we cannot recommend the use of these variant genotypes for selection and breeding, prepurchase examination or diagnosis of a myopathy.
Outbreak of acute larval cyathostominosis – A “perfect storm” of inflammation and dysbiosis
Authors: Walshe Nicola , Mulcahy Grace , Crispie Fiona , Cabrera‐Rubio Raul , Cotter Paul , Jahns Hanne , Duggan Vivienne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCyathostomins are prevalent and pathogenic intestinal helminths of horses, causing acute and chronic disease, including acute larval cyathostominosis, which has a mortality rate of 50%. Factors determining individual susceptibility to acute larval cyathostominosis are unknown. Investigation of these factors could lead to novel treatment and prevention strategies.ObjectivesTo investigate clinicopathological and faecal microbiota changes associated with disease in individual horses in an acute larval cyathostominosis outbreak.Study designCase series.MethodsThe study population was a herd of 23 mixed breed horses in Ireland. The outbreak occurred in November 2018. Fourteen horses were clinically affected. Clinical status was monitored and recorded. Blood and faecal sampling allowed clinicopathological, faecal 16s rRNA gene sequencing and faecal egg count analyses.ResultsTwo horses were euthanised, whilst 12 recovered. Common clinical signs included loose faecal consistency, weight loss and pyrexia. Consistent clinicopathological findings were borderline anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and a reverse A: G ratio. Decreased alpha‐diversity of the faecal microbiota and greater relative abundance of the genus Streptococcus, class Bacilli, order Lactobacillales and family Streptococcaceae, and family Prevotelleceae was found in clinically affected horses compared to their clinically normal cohorts. An increase in obligate fibrolytic bacteria was seen in the clinically normal group compared to the clinical group. Histopathological findings of the colon and caecum revealed a severe necrotising typhlocolitis associated with cyathostomin larvae and bacterial overgrowth in the mucosa of the large intestine.Main limitationsThe study population in this outbreak is small. There are several confounding factors limiting this to a descriptive case series. Faecal microbiota has been shown to reflect the large intestinal microbiota but do not represent changes directly.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that acute larval cyathostominosis is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota as well as the inflammatory stimulus of numerous emerging larvae leading to structural and functional pathology of the large intestine.
Lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism in a preferential weight bearing model
Authors: van Eps Andrew W. , Belknap James K. , Schneider Xavier , Stefanovski Darko , Engiles Julie B. , Richardson Dean W. , Zedler Steven T. , Medina‐Torres Carlos E. , Watts Mauria R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSupporting limb laminitis (SLL) is suspected to be caused by lamellar ischaemia as a consequence of increased mechanical load.ObjectivesExamine the effects of prolonged preferential weight bearing (PWB) on lamellar perfusion and metabolism.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsMicrodialysis probes were inserted in the lamellar and sublamellar dermis of one forelimb in 13 Standardbred horses. In six horses, a platform shoe (contralateral forelimb) was used to induce increased load on the microdialysis‐instrumented forelimb (PWB). The remaining seven horses were controls (CON). All horses were housed in stocks with limb weight distribution logged continuously for 92 hours. Microdialysate was collected and analysed every 4 hours for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and lactate to pyruvate ratio (L:P). Microdialysis urea clearance was used to estimate lamellar perfusion. Data were analysed using a mixed‐effects linear regression model.ResultsMedian [IQR] load on the microdialysis‐instrumented limb was equivalent to 38.7% bwt. [37.3‐40.3] in PWB and 27.3% bwt. [26.6‐28] in CON. Limb offloading frequency increased in CON (P < .001) but not PWB (P = .2). Lamellar microdialysate glucose decreased in PWB (P < .001) and CON (P = .004), however, the rate of decrease was higher in PWB (P = .007). Lamellar L:P increased in PWB (P < .001) and peaked at 196 [79‐656], whereas L:P did not change over time in CON (P = .6) and peaked at 42 [41‐49]. Lamellar urea clearance decreased in PWB (P < .001) but not in CON (P = .3). Sublamellar L:P and urea clearance did not change over time in either group (P > .05).Main limitationsThe PWB model may not be representative of naturally occurring SLL.ConclusionsEvidence of lamellar ischaemia (increased L:P and decreased urea clearance) was detected exclusively in the lamellar dermis of PWB feet subjected to persistently increased load. Lamellar ischaemia is a consequence of increased mechanical load and likely contributes to the development of SLL.
Parenting Stress During the COVID‐19 Outbreak: Socioeconomic and Environmental Risk Factors and Implications for Children Emotion Regulation
Authors: Spinelli Maria , Lionetti Francesca , Setti Annalisa , Fasolo Mirco 
Published: September 2020

The COVID‐19 outbreak imposed to Italian families many changes in their daily life increasing the risk of developing psychological problems. The present study explored risk factors associated with parenting stress and implications for children’s emotion regulation in families with different socioeconomic risks. Parents of 2–14 years old children completed a survey reporting difficulties experienced due to the lockdown, level of household chaos, parenting stress, parent involvement in the child’s daily life, and children emotion regulation competences. The general mean levels of parenting stress and children emotion regulation abilities were not at clinical level compared with Italian norms. Household chaos predicted higher levels of parenting stress, which, in turn, was associated with less effective emotion regulation in children through the mediating role of parental involvement. More stressed parents were less involved in their children’s activities, decreasing children’s effective emotion regulation. Only for SES no‐risk families, the lockdown constraints increased parenting stress. For SES at‐risk families, the impact of parenting stress and involvement on children regulation strategies was stronger, with a protective role played by parental involvement on children’s negativity not evident for SES no‐risk families. Dealing with the lockdown is a stressful experience for parents who have to balance personal life, work, and children upbringing, without other help. This situation potentially impairs their ability to be supportive caregivers and is consequently detrimental for children well‐being. Policies should take into consideration the implications of the lockdown for families’ mental health and tailor supportive interventions according to family’s risk factors.
Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate change
Authors: Birrell Jackson H. , Shah Alisha A. , Hotaling Scott , Giersch J. Joseph , Williamson Craig E. , Jacobsen Dean , Woods H. Arthur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change is altering conditions in high‐elevation streams worldwide, with largely unknown effects on resident communities of aquatic insects. Here, we review the challenges of climate change for high‐elevation aquatic insects and how they may respond, focusing on current gaps in knowledge. Understanding current effects and predicting future impacts will depend on progress in three areas. First, we need better descriptions of the multivariate physical challenges and interactions among challenges in high‐elevation streams, which include low but rising temperatures, low oxygen supply and increasing oxygen demand, high and rising exposure to ultraviolet radiation, low ionic strength, and variable but shifting flow regimes. These factors are often studied in isolation even though they covary in nature and interact in space and time. Second, we need a better mechanistic understanding of how physical conditions in streams drive the performance of individual insects. Environment‐performance links are mediated by physiology and behavior, which are poorly known in high‐elevation taxa. Third, we need to define the scope and importance of potential responses across levels of biological organization. Short‐term responses are defined by the tolerances of individuals, their capacities to perform adequately across a range of conditions, and behaviors used to exploit local, fine‐scale variation in abiotic factors. Longer term responses to climate change, however, may include individual plasticity and evolution of populations. Whether high‐elevation aquatic insects can mitigate climatic risks via these pathways is largely unknown.
Community and structural constraints on the complexity of eastern North American forests
Authors: Gough Christopher M. , Atkins Jeff W. , Fahey Robert T. , Hardiman Brady S. , LaRue Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimCanopy structural complexity, which describes the degree of heterogeneity in vegetation density, is strongly tied to a number of ecosystem functions, but the community and structural characteristics that give rise to variation in complexity at site to subcontinental scales are poorly defined. We investigated how woody plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, maximum canopy height, and leaf area index (LAI) relate to canopy rugosity, a measure of canopy structural complexity that is correlated with primary production, light capture, and resource‐use efficiency.LocationOur analysis used 122 plots distributed across 10 ecologically and climatically variable forests spanning a > 1,500 km latitudinal gradient within the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) of the USA.Time period2016–2018.Taxa studiedWoody plants.MethodsWe used univariate and multivariate modelling to examine relationships between canopy rugosity, and community and structural characteristics hypothesized to drive site and subcontinental variation in complexity.ResultsSpatial variation in canopy rugosity within sites and across the subcontinent was strongly and positively related to maximum canopy height (r2 = .87 subcontinent‐wide), with the addition of species richness in a multivariate model resolving another 2% of the variation across the subcontinent. Individually, woody plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity (r2 = .17 to .44, respectively) and LAI (r2 = .16) were weakly to moderately correlated with canopy rugosity at the subcontinental scale, and inconsistently explained spatial variation in canopy rugosity within sites.Main conclusionsWe conclude that maximum canopy height is a substantially stronger predictor of complexity than diversity or LAI within and across forests of eastern North America, suggesting that canopy volume places a primary constraint on the development of structural complexity. Management and land‐use practices that encourage and sustain tall temperate forest canopies may support greater complexity and associated increases in ecosystem functioning.