bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Del simulacro a la realidad: mejora del rendimiento de los estudiantes ante el TFM a través de un proyecto de innovación docente
Authors: Fidalgo Camino , Collado Silvia , Senís Juan 
Published: March 2020

El TFM es una tarea difícil para los estudiantes de Máster, que se enfrentan a él con ansiedad, poca autoeficacia y sin las competencias necesarias para su correcta realización. Teniendo esto en cuenta, nuestro trabajo refleja los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente destinado a lograr un mejor rendimiento en la redacción y defensa oral del TFM. Dicho programa se compone de cinco seminarios teórico-prácticos que cubren las competencias clave escritas y orales que debía adquirir el alumnado para la superación del TFM. Siguiendo un diseño experimental pre-post intervención, se evaluó la percepción de eficacia y el nivel de ansiedad de los alumnos. Además, se examinó el rendimiento del alumnado en un simulacro escrito de TFM y su posterior defensa oral. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos los aspectos evaluados. Por un lado, se obtuvieron calificaciones más altas en el TFM respecto a las obtenidas por los estudiantes del curso anterior que no habían participado en el proyecto. Por otro lado, los participantes se consideraron más eficaces en la escritura y la defensa oral del TFM al finalizar el programa, al tiempo que se redujeron sus niveles de ansiedad.
Master’s Thesis (TFM) is a difficult task for Master students. They face the writing and oral examination with anxiety, low levels of self-efficacy and a general lack of the necessary competencies for its correct execution. Our study reflects the results of a teaching innovation project aimed at reducing students’ anxiety and increasing their self-efficacy to face their TFM. Five theoretical-practical seminars were designed to improve student’s competences related to academic-scientific skills, both oral and writing ones. Through a pre-post experimental procedure, we evaluated students’ self-efficacy and levels of anxiety towards their TFM. In addition, students’ performance has been examined through a simulation of TFM and its subsequent oral defense. Our results show statistically significant differences between pre and post-intervention in all the aspects evaluated in the program. On one hand, participants obtained in their TFM when compared with the students of previous years which did not take part in this project. On the other hand, participants were more successful in completing their TFM and showed lower levels of anxiety after taking the seminars.
Perceptions about cultural diversity and intercultural communication of future teachers
Authors: Pareja de Vicente Dolores , Leiva Olivencia Juan José , Matas Terrón Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Intercultural education is a topic of great social and pedagogical interest and significance in the initial training of teachers. Its impact on the university context represents an inescapable impulse to build an open mindset that respects cultural diversity as a key element that will entail a real move towards inclusion. The objective of this study has been to discover the perceptions and profile of a non-probabilistic pilot sample of university students from a Primary Education degree course towards diversity and intercultural communication. A survey design was carried out, for which an ad-hoc questionnaire was built. 62 students participated in the survey, which was completed with a simulated sample of 500 cases using the Monte Carlo procedure for data mining analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed, as well as a cluster and tree forest analysis. Ward's method of minimal variance was applied for its ability to discriminate in determining grouping levels. The results revealed, among other things, the existence of a positive trend towards the recognition of cultural diversity as an enriching aspect in the generation of inclusive attitudes and intercultural communication. Similarly, different profiles were identified among the participants, as well as a precedence of the analysed variables that establish the distinction between profiles.
Intercultural education is a topic of great social and pedagogical interest and significance in the initial training of teachers. Its impact on the university context represents an inescapable impulse to build an open mindset that respects cultural diversity as a key element that will entail a real move towards inclusion. The objective of this study has been to discover the perceptions and profile of a non-probabilistic pilot sample of university students from a Primary Education degree course towards diversity and intercultural communication. A survey design was carried out, for which an ad-hoc questionnaire was built. 62 students participated in the survey, which was completed with a simulated sample of 500 cases using the Monte Carlo procedure for data mining analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed, as well as a cluster and tree forest analysis. Ward's method of minimal variance was applied for its ability to discriminate in determining grouping levels. The results revealed, among other things, the existence of a positive trend towards the recognition of cultural diversity as an enriching aspect in the generation of inclusive attitudes and intercultural communication. Similarly, different profiles were identified among the participants, as well as a precedence of the analysed variables that establish the distinction between profiles.
Map of digital resources for the study of Interculturality in schools
Authors: Iglesias Rodríguez Ana , Martín González Yolanda , Hernández Martín Azucena 
Published: March 2020

La digiculturalidad expresa una realidad integradora de competencias clave para poder hablar de un aprendizaje intercultural en entornos virtuales, a los que poder acceder desde la escuela (Priegue y Leiva, 2012). En la actualidad, estas competencias han adquirido una relevancia social y educativa tal que las convierte en herramientas imprescindibles para afrontar la igualdad de oportunidades y la inclusión social; a la vez que se constituyen en un entorno ecológico específico para el desarrollo de la interculturalidad desde los contextos escolares (Hernández e Iglesias, 2017).
Partiendo de esta reflexión, en este trabajo se pretende elaborar un mapa de recursos digitales sobre interculturalidad que sirva como herramienta de apoyo en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la competencia intercultural. Asimismo se persigue poner en valor la información y el conocimiento como recursos contra la discriminación, el racismo, el prejuicio y estereotipos de diversa índole.
Para conseguir tales fines se identifican y seleccionan las fuentes de información pertinentes, se propone una clasificación según sus características y finalidad, y se describen sus principales prestaciones.
La existencia o no de recursos especializados en la materia objeto de estudio permitirá comprobar la relevancia otorgada a la interculturalidad en una sociedad globalizada.
Digiculturality expresses an integrating reality of key competences in order to be able to speak of intercultural learning in virtual environments, which can be accessed from school (Priegue and Leiva, 2012). At present, these competencies have acquired a social and educational relevance that makes them essential tools to face equality of opportunities and social inclusion, while constituting a specific ecological environment for the development of interculturality from school contexts (Hernandez and Iglesias, 2017).
Starting from this reflection, this work aims to develop a map of digital resources on interculturality that serves as a support tool in the teaching-learning process of intercultural competence. It also seeks to value information and knowledge as resources against discrimination, racism, prejudice and stereotypes of various kinds.
To this end, relevant sources of information will be identified and selected, a classification according to their characteristics and purpose will be proposed, and their main benefits will be described.
The existence or not of specialized resources in the subject matter of study will make it possible to verify the relevance given to interculturality in a globalized society.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Structures of Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Chen Lan , Xu Bin , Yang Yurong , Bellaiche Laurent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA first‐principles‐based effective Hamiltonian is developed and employed to investigate finite‐temperature structural properties of a prototype of perovskite halides, that is CsPbI3. Such simulations, when using first‐principles‐extracted coefficients, successfully reproduce the existence of an orthorhombic Pnma state and its iodine octahedral tilting angles around room temperature. However, they also yield a direct transformation from Pnma to cubic upon heating, unlike measurements that reported the occurrence of an intermediate long‐range‐tilted tetragonal P4/mbm phase in‐between the orthorhombic and cubic phases. Such disagreement, which may cast some doubts about the extent to which first‐principle methods can be trusted to mimic hybrid perovskites, can be resolved by “only” changing one short‐range tilting parameter in the whole set of effective Hamiltonian coefficients. In such a case, some reasonable values of this specific parameter result in the predictions that i) the intermediate P4/mbm state originates from fluctuations over many different tilted states; and ii) the cubic phase is highly locally distorted and develops strong transverse antiphase correlation between first‐nearest neighbor iodine octahedral tiltings, before undergoing a phase transition to P4/mbm under cooling.
Tunable Adhesion on Superhydrophobic Copper Surfaces Using a Facile Controllable Dewetting Approach
Authors: Tang Zhongxue , He Meijin , Xu Bojie , Lu Cong , Meng Lili , Liu Huan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuperhydrophobic (SHPB) surfaces with tunable adhesion have attracted substantial research interest due to their broad applications. Surface adhesion is a critical parameter that is used to determine the dynamics of water droplets, including liquid pining and releasing. In this study, a facile dewetting strategy is developed to finely tune adhesion on SHPB copper surfaces in a controllable manner. Using this approach, various liquid manipulation behaviors are demonstrated. Copper nanofiber textures (CNFTs) with different surface morphologies, including nanofiber array, bundled nanofibers, and hierarchical micro‐/nanocomposite structures facilitate different dewetting processes of the silicone oil solution via different capillary pathways, which lead to different localization of the silicone oil. Consequently, the CNFTs exhibit tunable adhesion ranging from 8.5 to 104.7 µN, while exhibiting superhydrophobicity. It is proposed that the continuity of the three‐phase contact line plays a crucial role in determining the surface adhesion, which varies from a continuous state on nanofiber array to a discontinuous state on micro‐/nanocomposite textures. Taking advantage, various droplet manipulation behaviors, such as the loss‐less transfer, stretchable deformation, and the directional droplet rolling, are demonstrated using CNFTs with different adhesion. It is envisioned that the proposed strategy will elucidate the fabrication of functional SHPB surfaces.
Imaging Chemical Kinetics of Radical Polymerization with an Ultrafast Coherent Raman Microscope
Authors: Li Haozheng , Cheng Yong , Tang Huajun , Bi Yali , Chen Yage , Yang Guang , Guo Shoujing , Tian Sidan , Liao Jiangshan , Lv Xiaohua , Zeng Shaoqun , Zhu Mingqiang , Xu Chenjie , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNumerous mechanisms have been proposed for polymerization to provide qualitative and quantitative prediction of how monomers spatially and temporally arrange into the polymeric chains. However, less is known about this process at the molecular level because the ultrafast chemical reaction is inaccessible for any form of microscope so far. Here, to address this unmet challenge, a stimulated Raman scattering microscope based on collinear multiple beams (COMB‐SRS) is demonstrated, which allows label‐free molecular imaging of polymer synthesis in action at speed of 2000 frames per second. The field of view of the developed 2 kHz SRS microscope is 30 × 28 µm2 with 50 × 46 pixels and 7 µs dwell time. By catching up the speed of chemical reaction, COMB‐SRS is able to quantitatively visualize the ultrafast dynamics of molecular vibrations with submicron spatial resolution and sub‐millisecond temporal resolution. The propagating polymer waves driven by reaction rate and persistent UV initiation are observed in situ. This methodology is expected to permit the development of novel functional polymers, controllable photoresists, 3D printing, and other new polymerization technologies.
Validation of pressure drop prediction and bed generation of fixed‐beds with complex particle shapes using discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Jurtz Nico , Wehinger Gregor D. , Srivastava Urvashi , Henkel Tobias , Kraume Matthias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCatalytic fixed‐bed reactors with a low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio are widely used in industrial applications. The heterogeneous packing morphology in this reactor type causes local flow phenomena that significantly affect the reactor performance. Particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics has become a predictive numerical method to analyze the flow, temperature, and species field, as well as local reaction rates spatially and may, therefore, be used as a design tool to develop new improved catalyst shapes. Most validation studies which have been presented in the past were limited to simple particle shapes. More complex catalyst shapes are supposed to increase the reactor performance. A workflow for the simulation of fixed‐bed reactors filled with various industrially relevant complex particle shapes is presented and validated against experimental data in terms of bed voidage and pressure drop. Industrially relevant loading strategies are numerically replicated and their impact on particle orientation and bed voidage is investigated.
Recent kuru‐induced female gene flow disrupted the coevolution of genes and languages in the Papua New Guinea highlands
Authors: Li Mian , DeRosa Kate L. , Mann Hayley , Spathis Rita , Roome Amanda , Castellanos Daniel , Gowen Kyle , de Smet Timothy S , Echard Jessica , Casey Kalen , Shamoon‐Pour Michel , Garruto Ralph M. , Lum Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe island of New Guinea was settled by modern human over 50,000 years ago, and is currently characterized by a complex landscape and contains one‐seventh of the world's languages. The Eastern Highlands of New Guinea were also the home to the devastating prion disease called kuru that primarily affected Fore‐speaking populations, with some 68% of cases involving adult females. We characterized the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of highlanders from Papua New Guinea (PNG) to: (a) gain insight into the coevolution of genes and languages in situ over mountainous landscapes; and (b) evaluate the recent influence of kuru mortality on the pattern of female gene flow.Materials and MethodsWe sequenced the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 of 870 individuals from the Eastern and Southern Highlands of PNG using serums collected in the 1950s to 1960s. These highlanders were selected from villages representing 15 linguistic groups within the Trans‐New Guinea phylum. Genetic, linguistic, and geographic distances were calculated separately and correlations among those distance matrices were assessed using the Mantel test.ResultsGeographic, genetic, and linguistic patterns were independently correlated with each other (p < .05). Increased mtDNA diversity in kuru‐affected populations and low Fst estimates between kuru‐affected linguistic groups were observed.DiscussionIn general, the genetic structure among the Highland populations was shaped by both geography and language, and language is a good predictor of mtDNA affinity in the PNG Highlands. High kuru female mortality increased female gene flow locally, disrupting coevolutionary pattern among genes, languages, and geography.
Age‐dependent amyloid deposition is associated with white matter alterations in cognitively normal adults during the adult life span
Authors: Caballero Miguel Á. Araque , Song Zhuang , Rubinski Anna , Duering Marco , Dichgans Martin , Park Denise C. , Ewers Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionBoth beta‐amyloid (Ab) deposition and decline in white matter integrity, are brain alterations observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and start to occur by the fourth and fifth decades. However, the association between both brain alterations in asymptomatic subjects is unclear.MethodsAmyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained in 282 cognitively normal subjects (age 30‐89 years). We assessed the interaction of age by abnormal amyloid PET status (Florbetapir F‐18 PET >1.2 standard uptake value ratio [SUVR]) on regional mean diffusivity (MD) and global white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, controlled for sex, education, and hypertension.ResultsSubjects with abnormal amyloid PET (n = 87) showed stronger age‐related increase in global WMH and regional MD, particularly within the posterior parietal regions of the white matter.DiscussionSporadic Aβ deposition is associated with white matter alterations in AD predilection areas in an age‐dependent manner in cognitively normal individuals.
Clinical characteristics of stonefish “Oni‐daruma‐okoze” envenomation in Japan
Authors: Hifumi Toru , Fukuchi Yoshimune , Otani Norio , Kondo Yutaka , Kitamoto Takeshi , Kobayashi Kentaro , Nakaya Nobuaki , Tomioka Joji 
Published: March 2020

AimStonefish, known in Japan as “Oni‐daruma‐okoze” (Synanceia verrucosa Block et Schneider), inhabit the waters surrounding the Okinawa/Amami districts. By far, habubites have been limited to these areas mainly due to climatic conditions. Due to changes promoted by global warming and increasing tourism, concerns regarding the potential for stonefish envenomation as well as jellyfish stings on the main island of Japan are increasing. However, few studies of stonefish envenomation have been reported in Japan. The current study aimed to comprehensively examine for the first time the clinical characteristics of stonefish envenomation in Japan.MethodsWe administered retrospective questionnaire surveys between January 2013 and December 2017 to determine patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of stonefish envenomation. We compared patient characteristics between tourists and non‐tourists.ResultsOver the 5‐year study period, 15 patients were identified from four hospitals. More than 70% of stonefish envenomation cases occurred in the northern part of Okinawa Main Island. All patients recovered well, including four patients with severe stonefish envenomation. In two severe cases, the length of hospitalization was more than 1 week (8–9 days). Antivenom was not given. There were no significant differences between tourists and non‐tourists with regard to baseline characteristics.ConclusionsDuring a 5‐year period, 15 cases of stonefish envenomation occurred in Japan. The patients recovered well without treatment with antivenom.
Sodium Dithionite‐Mediated Decarboxylative Sulfonylation: Facile Access to Tertiary Sulfones
Authors: Li Yaping , Chen Shihao , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA straightforward multicomponent decarboxylative cross coupling of redox‐active esters (N‐hydroxyphthalimide ester), sodium dithionite, and electrophiles was established to construct sterically bulky sulfones. The inorganic salt sodium dithionite not only served as the sulfur dioxide source, but also acted as an efficient radical initiator for the decarboxylation. Notably, diverse naturally abundant carboxylic acids and artificially prepared carboxyl‐containing drugs with multiple heteroatoms and sensitive functional groups successfully underwent this decarboxylative sulfonylation to provide sterically bulky tertiary sulfones. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that decarboxylation was the rate‐determining step and occurred via a single‐electron transfer (SET) process with the assistance of sodium dithionite.
Function of the aryl group in bis DOPO phosphonate on reducing fire hazards of polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Long Lijuan , Zhou Wang , Xiang Yushu , Li Juan , Huang Shaowen , Qin Shuhao , Xu Guomin , Yu Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe increased integration interaction of bis 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐ 10‐phospaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) phosphonate (abbreviated as FR) including ethyl‐(FR1), phenethyl‐(FR2), naphthalene‐(FR3) with the aryl group and hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCP) on flame‐retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated. The role of the aryl group in FR on flame‐retarding PA6 was analyzed. Results showed that PA6 composites with greatly reduced fire hazards possessed a high‐limiting oxygen index value of 34% and achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating and sharply decreased peak heat release rate by simultaneously adding FR and HPCP. Flame inhibition effect acted as the main mechanism for FR and HPCP in flame‐retarding PA6. Gas phase action increased with the number of aryl groups. HPCP played a catalytic effect in the condensed phase. Particularly, the result of residue analysis after cone test implied that char surface with network structure was formed, and the structure became compact and continuous with the increase in the number of aryl groups. Furthermore, the aryl group played an important role in aiding the PA6 composites in the construction of a network protective char layer on the surface during combustion.
Evaluation of the antiparasitic activities of imidazol‐2‐ylidene–gold(I) complexes
Authors: Koko Waleed S. , Jentzsch Jana , Kalie Hussein , Schobert Rainer , Ersfeld Klaus , Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Khan Tariq A. , Biersack Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of cationic gold(I)–carbene complexes with various 4,5‐diarylimidazolylidene ligands were either newly prepared or repurposed for testing against protozoal Leishmania major, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma brucei parasites. The syntheses of the new complexes 1b and 1c were described. Ferrocene compound 1a showed the highest activities against L. major amastigotes and T. gondii and distinct selectivity for T. gondii cells when compared with the activity against nonmalignant Vero cells. The ferrocene derivatives 1a–c are generally more active against the L. major amastigotes and the T. gondii tachyzoites than the other tested anisyl gold complexes and the approved drugs atovaquone and amphotericin B. Compounds 1a and 1e showed the highest selectivities for L. major amastigotes. Compounds 1d and 1f showed the highest selectivities for L. major promastigotes; 1f was the most active compound against L. major promastigotes of this series of compounds. The 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl analog 1b also exhibited a much greater selectivity for T. b. brucei cells when compared with its activity against human HeLa cells.