bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of COVID‐19 vaccines and major considerations for diabetic patients
Authors: Soltani Saber , Zandi Milad , Shiri Aghbash Parisa , Rezaei Masoud , Mohammadzadeh Nader , Afsharifar Alireza , Poortahmasebi Vahdat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe necessity and impact of SARS‐CoV2 on the world's health have led to developing and producing practical and useful vaccines for this deadly respiratory virus. Since April 2020, a vaccine for the virus has been developed. Given that comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are more prone to viruses and the risk of infection, vaccines should be designed to protect against high‐risk respiratory illnesses. Including SARS, MERS, influenza, and the SARS‐CoV‐2 provide a safe immune response. Here, we review the information and studies that have been done to help develop strategies and perspectives for producing a safe and ideal vaccine to prevent COVID‐19 in normal people, especially at high‐risk groups such as diabetes patients.
Longevity effects of hispidol in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lim Hyun Joo , Han Young Taek , Ahn Ji‐Hye , Jeon Yong‐Deok , Jeon Hoon , Cha Dong Seok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the longevity effects of hispidol, a 6,4′‐dihydroxyaurone, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Our lifespan assay data revealed that hispidol could prolong the lifespan of wild‐type worms under normal culture condition. Moreover, hispidol increased the survival rate of the worms against a heat stress condition through up‐regulated expressions of HSP‐16.2. Similarly, hispidol protected worms from paraquat‐induced oxidative stress. We also found that the hispidol elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby attenuating the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that the enhancement of lifespan and stress resistance by the hispidol treatment might be attributed to its strong in vivo antioxidant capacity and regulation of stress proteins. Further tests on the aging‐related factors revealed that hispidol could regulate the speed of pharyngeal pumping, indicating the association of dietary restriction with the hispidol‐mediated longevity. However, there were no significant alterations in the body length of the worms between the groups. We then investigated the effects of hispidol on body movement and lipofuscin accumulation in aged worms. Interestingly, these healthspan parameters were strongly improved by the hispidol treatment. Our genetic studies showed no significant change in the lifespan of the daf‐16 null mutants by hispidol supplementation. In addition, enhanced nuclear translocation of DAF‐16 was observed in the hispidol‐fed DAF‐16::GFP fused transgenic mutants, suggesting the requirement of DAF‐16/FOXO activation for the longevity effect of hispidol.
Bifunctional N‐Heterocylic Carbene‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Trans‐Cyclopentannulation of Enals and Enones via Homoenolate
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang , Bournaud Chloée 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn efficient and flexible synthesis of a new class of chiral bifunctional NHC catalyst has been reported. These new imidazolylidene NHCs, bearing a (thio)urea function as a hydrogen bond donor promoted efficiently highly diastereoselective trans‐cyclopentannulation of enals and enones in moderate to good yields (up to 69 % yield) along with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96 % ee). This methodology could be applied to a large variety of substrates (30 examples).
Differences between familial and sporadic dilated cardiomyopathy: ESC EORP Cardiomyopathy & Myocarditis registry
Authors: Asselbergs Folkert W. , Sammani Arjan , Elliott Perry , Gimeno Juan R. , Tavazzi Luigi , Tendera Michael , Kaski Juan Pablo , Maggioni Aldo P. , Rubis Pawel P. , Jurcut Ruxandra , Heliö Tiina , Calò Leonardo , Sinagra Gianfranco , Zdravkovic Marija , Olivotto Iacopo , Kavoliūnienė Aušra , Laroche Cécile , Caforio Alida L.P. , Charron Philippe ,   Cardiomyopathy & Myocarditis Registry Investigators Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex disease where genetics interplay with extrinsic factors. This study aims to compare the phenotype, management, and outcome of familial DCM (FDCM) and non‐familial (sporadic) DCM (SDCM) across Europe.Methods and resultsPatients with DCM that were enrolled in the prospective ESC EORP Cardiomyopathy & Myocarditis Registry were included. Baseline characteristics, genetic testing, genetic yield, and outcome were analysed comparing FDCM and SDCM; 1260 adult patients were studied (238 FDCM, 707 SDCM, and 315 not disclosed). Patients with FDCM were younger (P < 0.01), had less severe disease phenotype at presentation (P < 0.02), more favourable baseline cardiovascular risk profiles (P ≤ 0.007), and less medication use (P ≤ 0.042). Outcome at 1 year was similar and predicted by NYHA class (HR 0.45; 95% CI [0.25–0.81]) and LVEF per % decrease (HR 1.05; 95% CI [1.02–1.08]. Throughout Europe, patients with FDCM received more genetic testing (47% vs. 8%, P < 0.01) and had higher genetic yield (55% vs. 22%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe observed that FDCM and SDCM have significant differences at baseline but similar short‐term prognosis. Whether modification of associated cardiovascular risk factors provide opportunities for treatment remains to be investigated. Our results also show a prevalent role of genetics in FDCM and a non‐marginal yield in SDCM although genetic testing is largely neglected in SDCM. Limited genetic testing and heterogeneity in panels provides a scaffold for improvement of guideline adherence.
Testing and analysis of automotive gearshift performance based on gear shift analysis
Authors: Shen Wenquan , Zhang Qiugui , Chen Zhenwen , Mao Wei , Li Yongxiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the increasing demand for vehicle handling comfort in the market, the development of gear shifting performance test systems for automobile transmission has become one of the keys to improving the competitiveness of automobile products. In order to continuously improve the shifting quality of the automobile gearshift control, this research focuses on the study of shifting quality, uses GSA (gear shift analysis) test technology to test and verify the shifting performance of a domestic automobile gearbox, establishes the subjective and objective evaluation criteria for the shifting performance of automobile gearbox, provides a reliable theoretical basis for product optimization design and shifting performance evaluation, and formulates shifting control pertinently. Strategies and optimization measures to ensure that the power, ride, and transmission of the whole vehicle system meet the technical requirements and can shift quickly and smoothly. Not only does this allows to reduce the driver's fatigue strength, but also increases the comfort of the whole shifting process, so as to provide direction to improve the quality of the vehicle's shifting performance and effectively reduce the impact on the driver's health.
The efficacy of virtual reality in the treatment of binge‐purging eating disorders: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Low Tian Ling , Ho Roger , Ho Cyrus , Tam Wilson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to examine the efficacy of virtual reality (VR)‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of binge‐purging type eating disorders compared to CBT.MethodFour electronic literature databases were searched to retrieve eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was used to select eligible studies. Meta‐analyses of extracted data were then conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsSix RCTs totalling 297 participants were included. Results showed significantly larger decreases in the frequency of binges in participants who underwent VR‐enhanced CBT compared to CBT. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the change in body mass index or frequency of purges. Additionally, there were significantly larger decreases in situation‐induced body dissatisfaction in participants who underwent VR‐enhanced CBT compared to CBT, but no significant difference in improvement of overall body satisfaction.ConclusionVR‐enhanced CBT shows greater efficacy than CBT in reducing situation‐induced body dissatisfaction and frequency of binges. Our results highlight the potential of VR in helping patients develop coping strategies to food/situational triggers. Future RCTs may benefit from recruiting more participants to reduce the impact of drop‐outs on outcome data and blinding post‐intervention assessors to reduce risk of bias.
Carcinogen-Induced Model of Proangiogenesis in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae
Authors: Pawar Nilambari V. , Singh Pritee D. , Prabhu Padmaja S. , Rana Jigarkumar R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is the main target in cancer drug development. Discovery of antiangiogenic agents targeting different mechanisms of action is the major area of research to control tumor growth and metastasis. Zebrafish (in the embryo-larvae stage) acts as an essential preclinical efficacy–toxicity model for antiangiogenic drug discovery. We aimed to develop a carcinogen-induced model of proangiogenesis in zebrafish embryo-larvae using the carcinogens lindane and benzo[a]pyrene. Zebrafish were randomly selected for mating. Postspawning, healthy embryos were staged, dispensed in reverse-osmosis water in a 12-well plate, and incubated at 28.5 °C, wherein 24 h postfertilization they were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the carcinogens. Three days postexposure, embryos were stained with alkaline phosphatase, and the angiogenic basket was imaged using a bright-field microscope. The number of subintestinal vessels, their length from somite to the basket, and other proangiogenic parameters were measured and analyzed. The effective concentrations causing a 30% increase in subintestinal vessels for benzo[a]pyrene and lindane were 2.69 and 2.24 µM, respectively, thus proving their proangiogenic potency. The carcinogen-induced model of proangiogenesis in zebrafish embryo-larvae can be used as an effective high-throughput screening tool to assess the proangiogenic potential of carcinogenic compounds and to screen antiangiogenic drugs for better therapeutic intervention. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:447–453.© 2020 SETAC
Accuracy aspects of conventional discretization methods for scalar transport with nonzero divergence velocity field arising from the energy balance equation
Authors: Zijlema Marcel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with the numerical solution of a linear transport problem with nonzero divergence velocity field that originates from the spectral energy balance equation describing the evolution of wind waves and swells in coastal seas. The discretization error of the commonly used first‐order upwind finite difference and first‐order vertex‐centered upwind finite volume schemes in one space dimension is analyzed. Smoothness of nondivergent velocity field plays a crucial role in this. No such analysis has been attempted to date for such problems. The two schemes studied differ in the manner in which they treat the scalar flux numerically. The finite difference variant is shock captured, whereas the vertex‐centered finite volume approximation employs an arithmetic mean of the velocity and appears not to be flux conservative. The methods are subsequently extended to two dimensions on triangular meshes. Numerical experiments are provided to verify the convergence analysis. The main finding is that the finite difference scheme displays optimal rates of convergence and offers higher accuracy over the finite volume scheme, regardless the regularity of the velocity field. The latter scheme notably yields convergence rates of 0.5 and 0 in L2‐norm and L∞‐norm, respectively, when the velocity field is not smooth. A test case illustrating wave shoaling and refraction over submerged shoals is also presented and demonstrates the practical importance of flux conservation.
An appropriate ratio of unsaturated fatty acids is the constituent of hickory nut extract for neurite outgrowth in human SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Gao Fei , Wu Jianfeng , Zhou Yu , Huang Jianqin , Lu Jidong , Qian Yongchang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHickory nuts (Carya cathayensis Sarg, CCS), a well‐known Chinese medicinal nut, is thought to improve memory in Chinese folks. However, functional constituents have not been scientifically identified. In this study, human SH‐SY5Y cells, combined with Q‐TOF mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS) and standard substances, were used to evaluate the function in neuronal development and to identify constituents of CCS hydrophobic extracts (CCS‐HE). Data showed that CCS‐HE but not the control induced neurite outgrowth of SH‐SY5Y cells in a dose‐dependent manner, supported by which CCS‐HE induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurofilament 160 (NF160), and neuronal peptide Y (NPY) mRNA. Q‐TOF‐MS analysis with standard substances indicated that linolenic acid (LNA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA) were the main constituents in CCS‐HE. Furthermore, mixtures of these unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) at the natural ratio (1:8:16) significantly induced neurite outgrowth and gene expression of NGF, NF160, and NPY in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the individual and alternative ratios were not effective to induce the neurite outgrowth and gene expression of NGF, NF160, and NPY. These data implicate that an appropriate ratio of UFAs is the main constituent for the neurite outgrowth.
Evaluation of microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties of cooked probiotic sausages containing different concentrations of astaxanthin, thymol, and nitrite
Authors: Mohammadpourfard Issa , Khanjari Ali , Akhonzadeh Basti Afshin , Herrero‐Latorre Carlos , Shariatifar Nabi , Hosseini Hedayat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of different concentrations of thymol and astaxanthin on control of Clostridium perfringenes and also microbial, chemical, and organoleptic properties of common and probiotic beef cooked sausages containing two levels of nitrite during storage at refrigerated condition during 45 days were evaluated. Based on findings, control group had significantly higher total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) than nitrite‐, thymol‐, and astaxanthin‐treated samples. At the end of the storage time in control, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value reached 1.96 mg/kg, while the values for treated samples remained lower than 1.63 mg/kg. Final count of lactic acid bacteria decreased approximately 1.67–3.79 log CFU/g in treated samples compared with the control group (p < .05). A reduction between 1.46 and 2.46 log CFU/g in C. perfringenes count was recorded for the treated samples in comparison with control group after 45 days of storage.
Multicentre randomised controlled trial about the effect of individual reminiscence therapy in older adults with neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Justo‐Henriques Susana I. , Pérez‐Sáez Enrique , Alves Apóstolo João L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a 13‐week individual reminiscence therapy (RT) intervention to improve the overall cognitive function, memory, executive function, mood and quality of life (QoL) of people with neurocognitive disorders.MethodsA single‐blind, multicentre, randomised parallel two‐arm controlled trial recruited 251 people with neurocognitive disorders attending 24 institutions providing care and support services for older adults in Portugal. The primary outcome measure was cognitive function (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Secondary outcomes were memory (Memory Alteration Test [MAT]), executive function (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), mood (Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 [GDS‐15]) and self‐reported QoL‐Alzheimer's disease AD). Participants in the intervention group (n = 131) received 26 individual RT sessions, twice a week, over the course of 13 weeks. Participants in the control group (n = 120) maintained their treatment as usual.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analysis showed that, at endpoint assessment, the intervention group had significantly improved in relation to the control group in MMSE (mean difference 1.84, 95% CI [0.80, 2.89], p = .001, d = .44), MAT (mean difference 2.82, 95% CI [0.72, 4.91], p = .009, d = .34) and QoL‐AD (mean difference 1.78, 95% CI [0.17, 3.39], p = .031, d = .28). Non‐significant improvements were found on FAB (mean difference 0.74, 95% CI [−0.04, 1.52], p = .062, d = .24) and GDS‐15 (mean difference −0.63, 95% CI [−1.45, 0.19], p = .130, d = .19).ConclusionsFor people with neurocognitive disorders attending social care and support services, the individual RT designed for this trial should be considered an intervention with the potential to improve cognition, memory and QoL.
Mitochondria and nucleus cross‐talk: Signaling in metabolism, apoptosis, and differentiation, and function in cancer
Authors: Shteinfer‐Kuzmine Anna , Verma Ankit , Arif Tasleem , Aizenberg Or , Paul Avijit , Shoshan‐Barmaz Varda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cross‐talk between the mitochondrion and the nucleus regulates cellular functions, including differentiation and adaptation to stress. Mitochondria supply metabolites for epigenetic modifications and other nuclear‐associated activities and certain mitochondrial proteins were found in the nucleus. The voltage‐dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. To alter the cross‐talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87‐MG and U118‐MG cell‐derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. Depletion of VDAC1 from tumor cells reduced metabolism, leading to inhibition of tumor growth, and several tumor‐associated processes and signaling pathways linked to cancer development. In addition, we demonstrate that certain mitochondrial pro‐apoptotic proteins such as caspases 3, 8, and 9, and p53 were unexpectedly overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that they possess additional non‐apoptotic functions. VDAC1 depletion and metabolic reprograming altered their expression levels and subcellular localization, specifically their translocation to the nucleus. In addition, VDAC1 depletion also leads to epigenetic modifications of histone acetylation and methylation, suggesting that the interchange between metabolism and cancer signaling pathways involves mitochondria‐nucleus cross‐talk. The mechanisms regulating mitochondrial protein trafficking into and out of the nucleus and the role these proteins play in the nucleus remain to be elucidated.
A Novel GNAS Duplication Associated With Loss-of-Methylation Restricted to Exon A/B Causes Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP1B)
Authors: Reyes Monica , Kagami Masayo , Kawashima Sayaka , Pallotta Johanna , Schnabel Dirk , Fukami Maki , Jüppner Harald 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized by resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, and in some cases resistance toward additional hormones. Patients affected by this disorder all share a loss-of-methylation (LOM) at the differentially methylated GNAS exon A/B, which reduces expression of the stimulatory G protein α-subunit (Gsα) from the maternal allele. This leads in the proximal renal tubules, where the paternal GNAS allele does not contribute much to expression of this signaling protein, to little or no Gsα expression thereby causing PTH resistance. We now describe a PHP1B patient with a de novo genomic GNAS duplication of approximately 88 kb, which is associated with LOM restricted to exon A/B alone. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) established that the duplicated DNA fragment extends from GNAS exon AS1 (telomeric breakpoint) to a small region between two imperfect repeats just upstream of LOC105372695 (centromeric breakpoint). Our novel duplication is considerably shorter than previously described duplications/triplications in that portion of chromosome 20q13 and it does not affect methylation at exons AS and XL. Based on these and previous findings, it appears plausible that the identified genomic abnormality disrupts in cis the actions of a transcript that is required for establishing or maintaining exon A/B methylation. Our findings extend the molecular causes of PHP1B and provide additional insights into structural GNAS features that are required for maintaining maternal Gsα expression and for preventing PTH-resistance. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Cancer genetic counseling for childhood cancer predisposition is associated with improved levels of knowledge and high satisfaction in parents
Authors: Juarez Olivia A. , Pencheva Bojana B. , Bellcross Cecelia , Schneider Kami W. , Turner Joyce , Porter Christopher C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious surveys of adults with cancer have revealed increased levels of genetic knowledge, varying levels of worry, and high satisfaction with cancer genetic counseling. We sought to determine the impact of cancer genetic counseling on parental levels of genetic knowledge, worry about cancer, and satisfaction in the context of suspected cancer predisposition in a child. We hypothesized that parents would be satisfied with cancer genetic counseling and that cancer genetic counseling would improve baseline parental genetic knowledge and decrease levels of worry. Parents were recruited from a pediatric cancer predisposition clinic in the United States. A survey was administered to two cohorts: One cohort had received cancer genetic counseling in the past and only completed one survey (post‐only, n = 26), and another cohort completed the survey before and after cancer genetic counseling (pre/post, n = 23). The survey included questions on demographics, knowledge of genetics, worry levels, and satisfaction with the cancer genetic counseling service. The post‐genetic counseling survey also contained a free‐text section for parents to indicate what they took away from the sessions. Parental levels of genetics knowledge increased by an average of 1.9 points (p = .01), with 65.2% of parents demonstrating an increase in genetics knowledge score. Average worry levels did not change significantly (p = .37), with 52.2% of parents indicating decreased worry, and 34.8% indicating increased worry. Overall, 91.8% of parents reported high levels of satisfaction. Our results show that cancer genetic counseling in a pediatric cancer predisposition clinic improves parental levels of genetics knowledge. Satisfaction rates suggest that parents find this service beneficial. These results demonstrate the positive impacts of cancer genetic counseling on parents of children in which a hereditary cancer syndrome is known or suspected.