bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Protease Inhibitors Block HPV16-Induced Murine Cervical Carcinoma and Promote Vessel Normalization in Association with MMP-9 Inhibition and TIMP-3 Induction
Authors: Qiu Yaqi , Maione Federica , Capano Stefania , Meda Claudia , Picconi Orietta , Brundu Serena , Pisacane Alberto , Sapino Anna , Palladino Clelia , Barillari Giovanni , Monini Paolo , Bussolino Federico , Ensoli Barbara , Sgadari Cecilia , Giraudo Enrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Antiretrovirals belonging to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor (HIV-PI) class exert inhibitory effects across several cancer types by targeting tumor cells and its microenvironment. Cervical carcinoma represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in women doubly infected with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) and HIV; of note, combined antiretroviral therapy has reduced cervical carcinoma onset and progression in HIV-infected women. We evaluated the effectiveness and mechanism(s) of action of HIV-PI against cervical carcinoma using a transgenic model of HR-HPV–induced estrogen-promoted cervical carcinoma (HPV16/E2) and found that treatment of mice with ritonavir-boosted HIV-PI, including indinavir, saquinavir, and lopinavir, blocked the growth and promoted the regression of murine cervical carcinoma. This was associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, coupled to downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, reduction of VEGF/VEGFR2 complex, and concomitant upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3). HIV-PI also promoted deposition of collagen IV at the epithelial and vascular basement membrane and normalization of both vessel architecture and functionality. In agreement with this, HIV-PI reduced tumor hypoxia and enhanced the delivery and antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapy. Remarkably, TIMP-3 expression gradually decreased during progression of human dysplastic lesions into cervical carcinoma. This study identified the MMP-9/VEGF proangiogenic axis and its modulation by TIMP-3 as novel HIV-PI targets for the blockade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical carcinoma development and invasiveness and the normalization of tumor vessel functions. These findings may lead to new therapeutic indications of HIV-PI to treat cervical carcinoma and other tumors in either HIV-infected or uninfected patients.
Risk Factors for Mortality and Circulatory Outcome Among Neonates Prenatally Diagnosed With Ebstein Anomaly or Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Freud Lindsay R. , McElhinney Doff B. , Kalish Brian T. , Escobar‐Diaz Maria C. , Komarlu Rukmini , Puchalski Michael D. , Jaeggi Edgar T. , Szwast Anita L. , Freire Grace , Levasseur Stéphanie M. , Kavanaugh‐McHugh Ann , Michelfelder Erik C. , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Donofrio Mary T. , Howley Lisa W. , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Cuneo Bettina F. , Morris Shaine A. , Pruetz Jay D. , van der Velde Mary E. , Kovalchin John P. , Ikemba Catherine M. , Vernon Margaret M. , Samai Cyrus , Satou Gary M. , Gotteiner Nina L. , Phoon Colin K. , Silverman Norman H. , Tworetzky Wayne 
Published: October 2020

Background
In a recent multicenter study of perinatal outcome in fetuses with Ebstein anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia, we found that one third of live‐born patients died before hospital discharge. We sought to further describe postnatal management strategies and to define risk factors for neonatal mortality and circulatory outcome at discharge.

Methods and Results

This 23‐center, retrospective study from 2005 to 2011 included 243 fetuses with Ebstein anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia. Among live‐born patients, clinical and echocardiographic factors were evaluated for association with neonatal mortality and palliated versus biventricular circulation at discharge. Of 176 live‐born patients, 7 received comfort care, 11 died <24 hours after birth, and 4 had insufficient data. Among 154 remaining patients, 38 (25%) did not survive to discharge. Nearly half (46%) underwent intervention. Mortality differed by procedure; no deaths occurred in patients who underwent right ventricular exclusion. At discharge, 56% of the cohort had a biventricular circulation (13% following intervention) and 19% were palliated. Lower tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [1.1–5.0], 95% CI, per m/s;
P
=0.025) and lack of antegrade flow across the pulmonary valve (OR, 4.5 [1.3–14.2];
P
=0.015) were associated with neonatal mortality by multivariable logistic regression. These variables, along with smaller pulmonary valve dimension, were also associated with a palliated outcome.

Conclusions
Among neonates with Ebstein anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia diagnosed in utero, a variety of management strategies were used across centers, with poor outcomes overall. High‐risk patients with low tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity and no antegrade pulmonary blood flow should be considered for right ventricular exclusion to optimize their chance of survival.
Psychological Distress Among Non-Human Animal Rescue Workers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Murphy Raegan , Daly Shaunagh Louise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To better understand the psychological effects on humans of working with distressed non-human animals, I set out to understand the professional quality of life experienced by this group of workers. Measures included compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. An online survey-based cross-sectional correlational design was employed to survey 340 animal rescue workers. The survey consisted of items assessing demographic information (gender, age, geographic location), type of work performed (single or multiple caring roles), exposure to euthanasia, in-home fostering of animals, and whether the work was salaried or voluntary. The results of the present study may prove useful for both animal rescue organizations and animal rescue workers who may be experiencing distress as a result of their work. Recommendations for future research include a focus on the effects of exposure to euthanasia and the home fostering of rescue animals.
The Underappreciated Role of Advance Directives: How the Pandemic Revitalises Advance Care Planning Actions
Authors: Chan Hui Yun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Covid-19 continues to alter our way of living and dying. Much attention has focused on how to resolve pressing issues surrounding resource allocation and competing public health ethics. While these are important discussions, the legal and ethical dilemmas of treatment decisions remain highly critical. The urgency to ensure that life and death affairs are in order is magnified due to the possibility of becoming infected with Covid-19. However, many people continue to face challenges in organising their future medical care and treatment. This article explores how the pandemic affects advance care planning through the lenses of law and ethics. The range of Covid-19 implications on advance care planning demonstrates a paradigm shift from a primarily elective function to an essential role in healthcare delivery. This renewed appreciation to advance care planning offers the opportunity to support and sustain the important role that it could play during ordinary and extraordinary times.
DNA barcoding for wood identification: global review of the last decade and future perspective
Authors: Jiao Lichao , Lu Yang , He Tuo , Guo Juan , Yin Yafang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA barcoding technology has emerged as one of the most promising tools available to identify timber at the species level, contributing to the monitoring of the timber trade and the conservation of forestry sources. This paper reviews the progress, challenges, and existing problems in the development of DNA barcoding for wood identification in the last ten years. There is a focus on the optimization of DNA extraction methods for processed or ancient wood, the strategy of screening high-resolution DNA barcodes suitable for wood identification, the development of a wood DNA reference database especially for priority taxa, and the comparison and comprehensive application of sequence analytical methods to achieve accurate identification. In addition to DNA barcoding, the feasibility of other genetic methods for wood identification is also discussed. Furthermore, future research orientation and strategy of wood DNA barcoding are presented. We argue that wood DNA barcoding integrated with other methodologies including wood anatomy can offer an effective approach and a new perspective to promote legal logging for timber trade custody and global biodiversity conservation.
Religions by Continent
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article offers analysis of religious affiliation for 18 categories of religion for the globe and six continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, and Oceania. Estimates of religious affiliation are made for four dates, 1970, 2000, 2020, and projections for 2030. Annual average growth rates are provided for two 30-year periods, 1970–2000 and 2000–2030. These global and continental tables are aggregated from country data in the World Religion Database.
Gender Violence and the Price of Virginity: Theory and Evidence of Incomplete Marriage Contracts
Authors: Chen Daniel L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper builds and tests a model of marriage as an incomplete contract that arises from asymmetric virginity premiums and examines whether this can lead to social inefficiencies. Contrary to the efficient households hypothesis, women cannot prevent being appropriated by men once they enter marriage if they command lower marriage market opportunities upon divorce. Because men cannot or do not commit to compensating women for their lower ex post marriage market opportunities, marriage is an incomplete contract. Men may seek to lower women’s ex ante “market wages” in order to induce entry into joint production. Inefficient or abusive marriages are less likely to separate. Equalizing virginity premiums may reduce domestic and non-domestic violence.
Female circumcision and prices women pay doctors to appear virgin before marriage in many countries suggest asymmetric virginity premiums continue to exist. Evidence from China and the US suggest asymmetric virginity premiums persist over economic development. Asymmetric virginity premiums are strongly positively correlated with female but not male virginity premiums. I use variation in religious upbringing to help estimate the effect of virginity premiums on gender violence in the US. The OLS relationship between virginity premiums and female reports of forced sex may be biased downwards if shame is associated with abuse and this shame is greater for women with higher virginity premiums. But the OLS relationship for males might not be biased downwards. Asymmetric virginity premiums are positively correlated with men forcing sex on women and paying women for sex. The model complements a growing empirical literature on inefficient households and human rights abuses, visible manifestations of female appropriability across time and space.
A Pilot Forecasting System for Epidemic Thunderstorm Asthma in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Bannister Tony , Ebert Elizabeth E. , Williams Ted , Douglas Philip , Wain Alan , Carroll Maree , Silver Jeremy , Newbigin Ed , Lampugnani Edwin R. , Hughes Nicole , Looker Clare , Mulvenna Vanora , Csutoros Danny , Jones Penelope J. , Davies Janet M. , Suphioglu Cenk , Beggs Paul J. , Emmerson Kathryn M. , Huete Alfredo , Nguyen Ha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn November 2016, an unprecedented epidemic thunderstorm asthma event in Victoria, Australia, resulted in many thousands of people developing breathing difficulties in a very short period of time, including 10 deaths, and created extreme demand across the Victorian health services. To better prepare for future events, a pilot forecasting system for epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) risk has been developed for Victoria. The system uses a categorical risk-based approach, combining operational forecasting of gusty winds in severe thunderstorms with statistical forecasts of high ambient grass pollen concentrations, which together generate the risk of epidemic thunderstorm asthma. This pilot system provides the first routine daily epidemic thunderstorm asthma risk forecasting service in the world that covers a wide area, and integrates into the health, ambulance, and emergency management sector. Epidemic thunderstorm asthma events have historically occurred infrequently, and no event of similar magnitude has impacted the Victorian health system since. However, during the first three years of the pilot, 2017–19, two high asthma presentation events and four moderate asthma presentation events were identified from public hospital emergency department records. The ETSA risk forecasts showed skill in discriminating between days with and without health impacts. However, even with hindsight of the actual weather and airborne grass pollen conditions, some high asthma presentation events occurred in districts that were assessed as low risk for ETSA, reflecting the challenge of predicting this unusual phenomenon.
Modelling elevator traffic with social distancing in a university classroom building
Authors: Swinarski David 
Published: October 2020

Social distancing standards implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic may have negative effects on vertical traffic. We describe a model and use it to predict the elevator traffic under social distancing in a university classroom building, and study the effects of four interventions aimed at improving this traffic. Discrete event-based simulation is used to study whether the lift group meets the forecasted demand when the car capacity is restricted far below its ordinary value to accommodate social distancing. Four low-cost interventions are simulated alone and in combination to quantify the improvements they offer. All four interventions show some improvement, and the combination of all four interventions gives the greatest improvement. Practical application: Implementing social distancing standards may disproportionately lower the car capacity relative to the building population and thus negatively affect vertical traffic. Building managers seeking to implement low-cost measures to improve elevator traffic under these conditions may look to the percentage improvements described here to aid them in selecting interventions appropriate to their buildings.
Ultrasound Localization and Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Hypoglossal Nerve and Ansa Cervicalis
Authors: Kent David T. , Schwartz Alan R. , Zealear David 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveHypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be effective for appropriately selected patients, but current patient selection criteria are complex and still result in a proportion of nonresponders. Ansa cervicalis stimulation of the infrahyoid cervical strap muscles has recently been proposed as a new form of respiratory neurostimulation (RNS) therapy for OSA treatment. We hypothesized that percutaneous stimulation of both nerves in humans with temporary electrodes would make testing of the physiologic response to different RNS strategies possible.Study DesignNonrandomized acute physiology study.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsFifteen participants with OSA underwent ultrasonography and placement of percutaneous electrodes proximal to the medial division of the hypoglossal nerve and the branch of the ansa cervicalis innervating the sternothyroid muscle (ACST). Procedural success was documented in each participant, as were any failures or procedural complication.ResultsThe hypoglossal nerve was successfully localized in 15 of 15 (100%) participants and successfully stimulated in 13 of 15 (86.7%). The ACST was successfully localized in 15 of 15 (100%) participants and successfully stimulated in 14 of 15 (93.3%). Stimulation failure of the hypoglossal nerve was due to suboptimal electrode placement in 1 participant and electrode displacement in the other 2 cases. No complications occurred.ConclusionsThe hypoglossal nerve and ACST can be safely stimulated via percutaneous electrode placement. Larger trials of percutaneous stimulation may help to identify responders to different RNS therapies for OSA with temporary or permanent percutaneous electrodes. Techniques for electrode design, nerve localization, and electrode placement are described.
Ideas and Innovations to Improve the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Residency Application and Selection Process
Authors: Salehi Parsa P. , Heiser Alyssa , Salehi Pauniz , Manes R. Peter , Judson Benjamin L. , Azizzadeh Babak , Lee Yan Ho 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo (1) summarize strategies proposed in the recent otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OTO‐HNS) literature for improving the residency application and selection process, (2) evaluate the effects of recently implemented changes to the OTO‐HNS match, and (3) discuss recommendations for future changes to the OTO‐HNS residency application and selection process.Data SourcesPubMed, Medline Ovid database, and article reference lists.Review MethodsA structured literature search was performed to identify current English language articles relating to the objectives of this study using the aforementioned data sources, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was limited to submissions published between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2020.ConclusionsNumerous proposals have been made for improving the otolaryngology residency application and selection process and addressing the competitive nature of the Match. These proposals include but are not limited to mandating a secondary essay, implementing consortia and early match processes, using a signaling system, conducting regional and web‐based interviews, offering early engagement with interest groups, instituting a hard cap on applications, increasing costs of applying, counseling self‐restraint to prospective applicants, and creating application filters.Implications for PracticeAs the volume of literature surrounding the OTO‐HNS Match continues to increase, this review aims to provide a summary of past proposals and serve as a guide for possible future innovations. We propose 3 initiatives that may improve the residency application and selection process for both program and resident, with minimal impact to the current National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match structure.
Radiofrequency Ablation vs Electrocautery Blinded Randomized Trial: Impact on Clinically Meaningful Outcomes
Authors: Prussin Aaron J. , Babajanian Eric , Error Marc , Grimmer J. Fredrik , Ku Jessica , McRae Bryan , Meier Jeremy , Thiesset Heather , Skirko Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze patients’ return to normal activity, pain scores, narcotic use, and adverse events after undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy with monopolar electrocautery or radiofrequency ablation.Study DesignRandomized double‐blinded clinical trial based on prospective parallel design.SettingAcademic medical center and tertiary children’s hospital between March 2018 and July 2019.MethodsInclusion criteria included patients aged ≥3 years with surgical indication of recurrent tonsillitis or airway obstruction/sleep‐disordered breathing. Patients were randomly assigned to monopolar electrocautery or radiofrequency ablation. Patients were blinded to treatment assignment. Survey questions answered via text or email were collected daily until postoperative day 15. The primary outcome was the patient’s return to normal activity. Secondary outcomes included daily pain score, total amount of postoperative narcotic use, and adverse events.ResultsOf the 236 patients who met inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to radiofrequency ablation or monopolar electrocautery, 230 completed the study (radiofrequency ablation, n = 112; monopolar electrocautery, n = 118). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the number of days for return to normal activity (P =. 89), daily pain scores over 15 postoperative days (P =. 46), postoperative narcotic use (P =. 61), or return to hospital for any reason (P =. 60), including bleeding as an adverse event (P =. 13).ConclusionsAs one of the largest randomized controlled trials examining instrumentation in tonsillectomy, our data do not show a difference between monopolar electrocautery and radiofrequency ablation with regard to return to normal activity, daily pain scores, total postoperative narcotic use, or adverse events.
Improving Attendance and Patient Experiences During the Expansion of a Telehealth‐Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Practice
Authors: Kolb Caroline M. , Born Kristen , Banker Karen , Barth Patrick C. , Aaronson Nicole Leigh 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the rates and primary causes of missed appointments (MAs) for telehealth visits and present remedies for improvement.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice during expansion of telehealth‐based visits. A review of questionnaire responses was performed for 103 consecutive patients with MAs over 50 business days from March 20, 2020, to May 29, 2020. Families were asked a brief survey regarding the cause of the MA and assisted with technical support and rescheduling. MA rates and causes were analyzed.ResultsThe overall MA rate during the initiation of telehealth services was significantly increased at 12.4% as compared with clinic‐based visits of a similar duration before COVID of 5.2% (P <. 001). Technical issues were the most common causes of MAs (51.3%). Of the caregivers, 23.8% forgot or reported cancellation of the appointment. Five percent of patients were non–English speaking and scheduled without translator support. Minorities and patients with public insurance represented 53.6% and 61.9% of MAs, respectively.DiscussionTechnical difficulties were the most commonly reported cause of missed telehealth appointments. Optimization of applications by providing patient reminders, determining need for translator assistance, and reducing required upload/download speeds may significantly reduce rates of MAs and conversions to other communication.Implications for PracticeClear, concise education materials on the technical aspects of telehealth, platform optimization, and robust technical and administrative support may be necessary to reduced missed telehealth appointments and support large‐scale telehealth operations. An assessment of institutional capacity is critical when considering telehealth expansion.