bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational sum-frequency generation study of molecular structure, sterical constraints and nonlinear optical switching contrast of mixed alkyl-azobenzene self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Riaz Saira , Friedrichs Gernot 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelf-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of azobenzene (AB) functionalized alkyl thiols on gold diluted with simple alkyl thiols provide a straightforward way to photochromic surfaces with high and tunable photoswitching efficiency.Trans-cisisomerization of the AB molecule changes the physical properties of the surface, including the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy as a nonlinear type of laser spectroscopy offers surface- and orientation-sensitive insight into the molecular structure of mixed SAMs. In this study, VSFG as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the morphology, molecular structure, and NLO response of mixed SAMs with systematically varied surface composition. Methylazobenzene (MeAB) has been used as the molecular switch with the methyl substituent serving as orientational VSFG marker. Both short-chain and long-chain alkyl thiol co-ligands have been used to gain insight into the interplay between SAM structure and sterical constraints that are known to limit the free switching volume. Underlining the dominating role of sterical effects for controlling photochromic properties, a strong inhibition of the photoswitching efficiency and NLO response has been observed for the SAMs with an alkyl thiol co-ligand long enough to spatially extend into the layer of the MeAB chromophore. Overall, with <12% signal change, the relative NLO switching contrasts remained low in all cases. VSFG spectral trends clearly revealed that the presumably higher photoswitching efficiency upon dilution with the co-ligand is counteracted by a loss of structural order of the chromophore.
Die soziale Sicherung geringfügig Beschäftigter: Zur Bedeutung individueller Erwerbspräferenzen in Zeiten flexibilisierter Arbeit
Authors: Beckmann Fabian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMinijobs haben sich als stabiles Arbeitsmarktsegment etabliert, werden jedoch seit Langem als Quelle sozialer Sicherungslücken kritisiert – vor allem, da sie nur selten als Sprungbrett in reguläre Beschäftigung fungieren. Dies hängt auch damit zusammen, dass viele Beschäftigte trotz zahlreicher Risiken dieser Erwerbsform keinen beruflichen Aufstieg wünschen. Während dies bislang primär auf institutionelle Fehlanreize zurückgeführt wurde, untersucht der Beitrag auf Basis einer quantitativen Erhebung die individuellen Erwerbspräferenzen geringfügig Beschäftigter und ihre Prädikatoren. Die Befunde untermauern, dass die Erwerbspräferenzen im Kontrast zur Normalarbeit stehen. Die Gründe sind jedoch nicht ausschließlich institutioneller Natur, sondern schließen die Arbeitsbedingungen, die subjektive Wahrnehmung des Arbeitsplatzes und der Lebenslage sowie individuelle Motive zur Aufnahme eines Minijobs mit ein. Folglich muss die sozialpolitischeGovernancevon Minijobs auch zukünftig kritisch, jedoch mit anderer Fokussierung debattiert werden.
ANTERİOR DİASTEMALARIN DİREKT KOMPOZİT REZİN RESTORASYONLARLA ESTETİK REHABİLİTASYONU: 5 OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: YILDIRIM Handan , ÖZYURT Esra 
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Diş hekimliğinde
estetik problemlerin büyük bir kısmını ön bölgede görülen renk, şekil, yapı ve
konum bozuklukları oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle diastemalar, hastaların ortak
estetik şikayetlerinden biridir. Yaygın
görülebilen bu tür estetik problemleri ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla uygulanan ve
ortodontik, protetik, restoratif işlemleri içeren farklı tedavi prosedürleri
mevcuttur. Direkt kompozit restorasyonlar, estetik
olmayan dişler arası boşlukların kapatılması için konservatif, pratik ve düşük
maliyetli bir tedavi seçeneğidir.Bu olgu sunumunda dişlerindeki diastema ve polidiastemaya bağlı estetik
şikayetle kliniğimize başvuran hastalara, direkt kompozit rezin ile uygulanan
restoratif tedavi işlemlerinin anlatılması amaçlandı. Bulgular: Restorasyonların tamamlanmasının
ardından, hastaların 3-6 ve 12 aylık periyodik takip randevuları gerçekleştirildi.
Takipler sonucunda yapılan restorasyonların estetik başarısının klinik olarak
kabul edilebilir ölçüde olduğu görüldü.Sonuçlar: Direkt kompozit rezin restorasyonların
diastema kapatma için uygun maliyetli, kolay uygulanabilir ve klinik olarak
başarılı olduğu söylenebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: dental restorasyon, diastema, estetik, kompozit rezin
Analiza tekstów literacko-muzycznych na studiach wyższych (?) Na przykładzie wierszy Stanisława Barańczaka
Authors: Łopatka-Koneczny Paulina 
Published: July 2020

Cel badań: Ukazanie sposobów i możliwości wykorzystania różnego typu metod badawczych służących analizie i interpretacji tekstów poetyckich, które zawierają elementy muzyczne (odwołania, cytaty muzyczne, interteksty).
Metody badań: Analiza tekstów naukowych traktujących o utworach literacko-muzycznych. Analiza filologiczna i muzykologiczna wierszy Barańczaka. Elementy metody heurystycznej.
Wyniki badań: Można odnotować badania łączące muzykologiczne i literaturoznawcze metody analizy tekstów, lecz jest ich niewiele.
Z uwagi na występowanie tekstów pogranicznych, eksperymentalnych istnieje potrzeba kształcenia, które z gruntu byłoby interdyscyplinarne.
Wiersze Barańczaka (szczególnie te, pochodzące z tomu Podróż zimowa) powinno się badać dwutorowo: muzykologicznie i filologicznie, by móc je poddać interpretacji. Wykorzystywanie w badaniach omawianych tekstów wyłącznie jednej z metod nie daje pełnego obrazu dzieła i pozbawia je zasadniczego kontekstu.
Wnioski: Do właściwej interpretacji wierszy, które uwikłane są w muzyczne konteksty, potrzebne są analizy interdyscyplinarne, łączące metody literaturoznawcze i muzykologiczne. Niestety tego typu analiz jest niewiele.
Postrzeganie międzypokoleniowe młodych dorosłych i seniorów
Authors: Kostrzewa Anna 
Published: July 2020

Celem pracy było sprawdzenie tego jaki stosunek przejawiają do siebie młodzi dorośli oraz seniorzy, a także to jak postrzegają oni grupy własne.
W badaniu udział wzięły 54 osoby, 27-u młodych dorosłych oraz 27-u seniorów. Wiek osób badanych: młodych dorosłych 20-30 lat (M=22,41; SD=2,39), seniorów: 60-79 lat (M=67,48; SD=4,77). Zastosowano metodę badań kwestionariuszowych. Dyspozycyjny optymizm mierzono przy użyciu Testu Orientacji Życiowe - LOT –R. W celu zmierzenia jak osoby charakteryzują siebie i opisują innych stworzono dwa kwestionariusze autorskie, w których osoby badane udzielały odpowiedzi na 32 pozycjach w każdym teście. W pierwszym z nich należało się odnieść do opisu charakterystyki własnej, a w drugim do opisu innych osób. W tym przypadku osoby młode miały za zadanie opisać grupę senioralną, natomiast seniorzy młode pokolenia.
Na podstawie wyników badań dotyczących opisu osób w wieku senioralnym przez osoby młode oraz osób młodych przez seniorów wynika, że grupa senioralna ocenia wyżej młodych dorosłych niż młodzi dorośli oceniają seniorów. Młodzi dorośli oceniają wyżej siebie niż seniorów. Z kolei młodzi dorośli posiadający dziadków i mający z nimi dobry kontakt, wyżej oceniali seniorów.
An Introduction to Seshat
Authors: Turchin Peter , Whitehouse Harvey , François Pieter , Hoyer Daniel , Alves Abel , Baines John , Baker David , Bartkowiak Marta , Bates Jennifer , Bennett James , Bidmead Julye , Bol Peter , Ceccarelli Alessandro , Christakis Kostis , Christian David , Covey Alan , De Angelis Franco , Earle Timothy K. , Edwards Neil R. , Feinman Gary , Grohmann Stephanie , Holden Philip B. , Júlíusson Árni , Korotayev Andrey , Kristinsson Axel , Larson Jennifer , Litwin Oren , Mair Victor , Manning Joseph G. , Manning Patrick , Marciniak Arkadiusz , McMahon Gregory , Miksic John , Garcia Juan Carlos Moreno , Morris Ian , Mostern Ruth , Mullins Daniel , Oyebamiji Oluwole , Peregrine Peter , Petrie Cameron , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Rudiak-Gould Peter , Sabloff Paula , Savage Patrick , Spencer Charles , Stark Miriam , Ter Haar Barend , Thurner Stefan , Wallace Vesna , Witoszek Nina , Xie Liye 
Published: July 2020

This article introduces the Seshat: Global History Databank, its potential, and its methodology. Seshat is a databank containing vast amounts of quantitative data buttressed by qualitative nuance for a large sample of historical and archaeological polities. The sample is global in scope and covers the period from the Neolithic Revolution to the Industrial Revolution. Seshat allows scholars to capture dynamic processes and to test theories about the co-evolution (or not) of social scale and complexity, agriculture, warfare, religion, and any number of such Big Questions. Seshat is rapidly becoming a massive resource for innovative cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary research. Seshat is part of a growing trend to use comparative historical data on a large scale and contributes as such to a growing consilience between the humanities and social sciences. Seshat is underpinned by a robust and transparent workflow to ensure the ever growing dataset is of high quality.
Checkpoint Blockade Treatment May Sensitize Hodgkin Lymphoma to Subsequent Therapy
Authors: Carreau Nicole A. , Pail Orrin , Armand Philippe , Merryman Reid , Advani Ranjana H. , Spinner Michael A. , Herrera Alex , Chen Robert , Tomassetti Sarah , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Hamid Muhammad S. , Assouline Sarit , Santiago Raoul , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Paul Suman , Svoboda Jakub , Bair Steven , Barta Stefan , Liu Yang , Nathan Sunita , Karmali Reem , Burkart Madelyn , Torka Pallawi , David Kevin , Wei Catherine , Lansigan Frederick , Emery Lukas , Persky Daniel , Smith Sonali , Godfrey James , Chavez Julio , Xia Yuhe , Troxel Andrea B. , Diefenbach Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) have shown efficacy for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting, but once discontinued owing to progression or side effects, it is unclear how successful further therapies will be. Moreover, there are no data on optimal sequencing of these treatments with standard therapies and other novel agents. In a multicenter, retrospective analysis, we investigated whether exposure to CBT could sensitize HL to subsequent therapy.

Materials and Methods
Seventeen centers across the U.S. and Canada retrospectively queried medical records for eligible patients. The primary aim was to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR) to post-CBT treatment using the Lugano criteria. Secondary aims included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, and overall survival (OS).

Results
Eighty-one patients were included. Seventy-two percent had stage III–IV disease, and the population was heavily pretreated with a median of four therapies before CBT. Most patients (65%) discontinued CBT owing to progression. The ORR to post-CBT therapy was 62%, with a median PFS of 6.3 months and median OS of 21 months. Post-CBT treatment regimens consisted of chemotherapy (44%), targeted agents (19%), immunotherapy (15%), transplant conditioning (14%), chemotherapy/targeted combination (7%), and clinical trials (1%). No significant difference in OS was found when stratified by post-CBT regimen.

Conclusion
In a heavily pretreated R/R HL population, CBT may sensitize patients to subsequent treatment, even after progression on CBT. Post-CBT regimen category did not impact OS. This may be a novel treatment strategy, which warrants further investigation in prospective clinical trials.
Estimation of surface depression storage capacity from random roughness and slope
Authors: Mohamed AM Abd Elbasit  , Majed M Abu-Zreig  , Chandra SP Ojha  , Hiroshi Yasuda  , Liu Gang  
Published: July 2020

Depression storage capacity (DSC) models found in the literature were developed using statistical regression for relatively large soil surface roughness and slope values resulting in several fitting parameters. In this research, we developed and tested a conceptual model to estimate surface depression storage having small roughness values usually encountered in rainwater harvesting micro-catchments and bare soil in arid regions with only one fitting parameter. Laboratory impermeable surfaces of 30 x 30 cm2 were constructed with 4 sizes of gravel and mortar resulting in random roughness values ranging from 0.9 to 6.3 mm. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted under 9 slope values using simulated rain. Depression storage for each combination of relative roughness and slope was estimated by the mass balance approach. Analysis of experimental results indicated that the developed linear model between DSC and the square root of the ratio of random roughness (RR) to slope was significant at p < 0.001 and coefficient of determination R2 = 0.90. The developed model predicted depression storage of small relief at higher accuracy compared to other models found in the literature. However, the model is based on small-scale laboratory plots and further testing in the field will provide more insight for practical applications.
El desperdicio de alimentos como externalidad negativa: soluciones contenidas en la normativa francesa y propuestas para el caso español
Authors: Armengol Rosinés Teresa , Salamero Teixidó Laura , Plana Farran Manel 
Published: July 2020

According to the FAO, one-third of all the food that is produced in the world is wasted. The consequences of food waste are not only economic, social and ethical, but also environmental. Waste by consumers and distributors generates significant environmental costs without any of the parties involved in distribution and consumption activities assuming these social costs. Within the framework of the economic theory of externalities, the paper details the solutions to combat food waste foreseen by the pioneering French legislation. After the analysis, we make some proposals to fight against food waste that could be introduced in the Spanish legal framework at the national, regional and local levels.
Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las TIC: una experiencia didáctica con Pinterest en la formación de futuros docentes de primaria
Authors: Robles Moral Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2020

Se presenta la experiencia didáctica desarrollada en la asignatura Enseñanza y aprendizaje del medio natural 1, del Grado de Educación Primaria, donde se ha experimentado el uso de la red social Pinterest, como herramienta de aprendizaje para los futuros docentes. La participación activa de los estudiantes en la realización de búsquedas de contenidos de la asignatura se ha desarrollado con objeto de aprovechar las ventajas de la interacción en el aprendizaje, ofreciendo una ocasión para la innovación docente. Se ha pretendido así fomentar el papel de los estudiantes en el desarrollo mismo de la asignatura a la vez que ponen de manifiesto el valor didáctico de esta red social de cara al uso posterior que puedan realizar estos futuros docentes en sus aulas.Además, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de la actividad desarrollada, y la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la posibilidades didácticas de Pinterest en la Educación Primaria actual. Resaltando en esta interacción estudiante-red social, el predominio de la utilización de imágenes sobre el uso de la escritura en una experiencia de innovación docente para valorar su utilidad y oportunidad de uso.
OPTİMAL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ROTA TESPİTİ İÇİN GEREKLİ GÖSTERGELERİN BİR ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ İLE ÖNEM DÜZEYİ TESPİTİ
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Volkan , DEVECİ Durmuş Ali 
Published: July 2020

Günümüzde, ulaştırma politika alanındaki karar vericilerin karşılaştıkları temel sorun, maliyet, istihdam, gayrisafi milli hasıla, enerji tüketimi ve çevresel sorunlar kapsamında ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik sağlayabilmek için bir dizi etkili politika oluşturmaktır. Bu politikalar ile ilgili olarak çoklu taşıma da, özellikle ekonomik verimliliği sağlayabilmek amacı ile uluslararası düzeyde desteklenen ve uygulanan bir taşıma sistemidir. Çoklu taşımada sürdürülebilir rota seçimi de kamu ve yük taşıyan/taşıtan karar vericileri açısından önemli ve stratejik bir karardır. Sürdürülebilir çoklu taşıma rotalarının seçimi için ilk olarak rota performans ölçümü için gerekli göstergelerin önem düzeyi tespit edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, rota seçim kararının önemi kabul edilerek, sürdürülebilir çoklu taşıma rotası tespiti için gerekli sürdürülebilirlik göstergelerinin önem düzeyi BWM (Best-Worst Method) çok kriterli bir karar verme modeli ile tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucunda karar vericilerin sürdürülebilir çoklu taşıma rotası seçerken kullanabilecekleri sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu ile ilgili göstergelerin önem düzeyi ortaya çıkarılmış ve elde edilen bu önem düzeylerinin farklı rota seçim modelleri için girdi oluşturması beklenmektedir.
Prion Interaction with Normal Protein in Topological Changing Secondary Structure to Aggregation
Authors: Yao Yao 
Published: July 2020

<p>Prion is a protein smaller than virus and it infects host in the absence of nucleic acid. The secondary structure of protein folds incorrectly from α-helices to β-sheets through breaking and re-formation of hydrogen bond. Structural analogy of α-helix and DNA double helix and comparing differences between α-helix and β-sheet show prion's infectivity and propagation. Aggregates of dimers and polymers generate β-amyloid fibril in Alzheimer's disease.</p>
Variasi Komposisi Eluen pada Isolasi Steroid dan Triterpenoid Alga Merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan Kromatografi Kolom Basah
Authors: Madjid Armeida Dwi Ridhowati , Rahmawati Dwi Anik , Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim 
Published: July 2020

Steroid and triterpenoid compounds in petroleum ether fractions of red algae Eucheuma cottonii were isolated by slurry column chromatography. Isolation was started with maceration extraction using methanol solvent. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2 N and partitioned using petroleum ether solvent. The presence of steroid and triterpenoid was determined by phytochemical test using Lieberman Burchard reagent. Petroleum ether fraction was separated by slurry column chromatography with the variation of eluent composition n-hexane: ethyl acetate 16:4; 17:3; 18:2. The isolates were monitored by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the best result was identified using FTIR. Percent yields of methanol extract and petroleum ether fraction were 11.866% and 8.03%, respectively. The optimum eluent composition in column chromatography for separation was n-hexane : ethyl acetate (18:2) obtained 2 steroid and 3 triterpenoid fractions. FTIR analysis gives information about functional groups of –OH, C=C, C-O, CH2, -C(CH3)2forsteroids and functional groups of –OH, C=O, C=C, CH2, -C(CH3)2 for triterpenoid.Keywords: Eucheuma cottonii, column chromatography, steroid, triterpenoid, variation of eluent composition Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam fraksi petroleum eter alga merah Eucheuma cottonii telah diisolasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter. Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid diuji fitokimia menggunakan reagen Lieberman Burchard. Fraksi petroleum eter dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat dengan perbandingan 16:4; 17:3; dan 18:2. Hasil isolasi dimonitoring menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) analitik. Hasil monitoring yang terbaik diidentifikasi gugus fungsinya menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak metanol dan fraksi petroleum eter masing-masing sebesar 11,866% dan 8,03%. Pemisahan kolom dengan variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat terbaik adalah 18:2 dengan diperoleh 2 kelompok fraksi steroid dan 3 kelompok fraksi triterpenoid. Hasil analisis FTIR pada isolat steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=C, C-O, CH2, -C(CH3)2, sedangkan isolat triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=O, C=C, CH2,-C(CH3)2. Gugus gem dimetil (-C(CH3)2)merupakan ciri khas rantai samping steroid ataupun triterpenoid.Kata kunci: Eucheuma cottonii, kromatografi kolom, steroid, triterpenoid, variasi komposisi eluen
Ética e argumentação abolicionista
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar alguns movimentos de designação e argumentação no Manifesto da Confederação Abolicionista do Rio de Janeiro, de José do Patrocínio, de 1883, visando criar condições para refletir sobre a consideração de valores éticos, a partir de análises semânticas específicas. A análise será feita sobre recortes do texto, sobre três pontos fundamentais: 1.o espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro como um cenário da luta pela abolição; 2.a argumentação sobre a abolição a partir do argumento da liberdade natural. 3.a relação do modo de estabelecimento do conceito de liberdade, no texto, e a questão dos valores éticos. Estas análises buscam encontrar na enunciação do texto a constituição de sentidos a partir do argumento da liberdade como um direito natural imprescritível, e da designação de liberdade no texto. Deste modo procura-se compreender como o sentido de igualdade pode ser considerado, segundo o texto, um valor ético fundamental. A análise conclui, entre outras coisas, que no texto a liberdade aparece menos como uma característica que descreve a sociedade da época, e mais como um valor, como do plano do deve ser, e enquanto tal um valor que projeta um ser, um é, futuro. E a consideração do valor da liberdade significa a igualdade como um valor que garante o valor da liberdade para todos.
TRAINING OF MAKING FEED SUPPLEMENT OF UMB HERBAL IN PARENGAN, TUBAN REGENCY
Authors: Rochmi Siti Eliana , Pertiwi Herinda , Achmad Agung Budianto , Wahjuni Retno Sri , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Dadi Tri Bhawono 
Published: July 2020

Background: Subdistrict Parengan has high livestock potential especially Suciharjo Village and Margorejo Village. The existing agricultural waste is not treated properly and livestock cannot reach maximum weights. The provision of quality animal feed is one of the efforts to improve the welfare of the community. Quality of animal feed can be increasing cattle productivity so that the selling value will increase. Purpose: This Community Service activity aims to improve the economic strengthening of the community through breeders through the introduction, dissemination, through technology UMB Herbal based on local resources that can increase the weight gain of beef cattle. UMB Herbal is a concentrate feed that uses raw materials based on raw materials (agriculture) with curcuma which is widely available in the regions. Improving skills makes UMB Herbal can be a provision for the community to be able to increase income. Methods: The method used in community service is the counseling for animal feed and health, training to make UMB Herbal and focus group discussions then applicating of UMB Herbal to pilot cattle. Results: The results of this community service include an increase in beef cattle body weight, decreasing the gastrointestinal worm infestations, and increasing the knowledge and skills of the participants of the community service. Conclusion: Community Service Activities have a positive impact related to the development of beef cattle farms.