bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atlantic Salmon Upstream Migration Delay in a Large Hydropower Reservoir
Authors: Babin Amanda B. , Peake Stephan , Linnansaari Tommi , Curry R. Allen , Ndong Mouhamed , Haralampides Katy , Jones Ross 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Spawning success of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar is challenged when migratory routes to natal streams are obstructed by hydropower generation stations and reservoirs that lack directional cues, potentially causing migratory delay. This study used 74 acoustic-tagged adult Atlantic Salmon during their spawning migrations to quantify migratory success, rates, and delay through the Mactaquac Reservoir in the Saint John River, New Brunswick, during three migration seasons in 2014–2016. Tag loss or mortality was considerable, reducing the effective sample size to 34 successfully tracked adults. Of these, 41% experienced fallback over the dam, 12% were unsuccessful in exiting the reservoir, and 47% were successful in exiting the reservoir on the way to the spawning grounds. Migration rates were significantly slower in the reservoir (median ± SE = 9.3 ± 1.9 km/d) than upriver (39.0 ± 4.1 km/d), and the tagged Atlantic Salmon spent 31–53% of their time reversing direction and thus travelled longer distances (73 ± 58 km) than the minimum 37-km midline route through the reservoir. Traveling the distance of the reservoir at the upriver migration rate could have shortened their journey by a median of 3.8 d. Sensor tags indicated that individual Atlantic Salmon experienced temperatures of 10–20°C (median ± SE = 16.0 ± 0.03°C) and migrated at depths of 5–35 m (23.4 ± 0.1 m) within the reservoir. Given that some of the energy needed for reproductive development and activities was likely appropriated by migratory delay and that a moderate proportion (47%) of adults emigrated from the reservoir, volitional passage may not be a successful management strategy in the studied reservoir. However, a substantially reduced sample size negates conclusive remarks about which management strategy would maximize survival and spawning success, and further study is needed.
Nutrition Risk Assessed by STRONGkids Predicts Longer Hospital Stay in a Pediatric Cohort: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Santos Carolina Araújo dos , Rosa Carla de Oliveira Barbosa , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Firmino Heloísa Helena , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the impact of Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) classification in time to discharge and verify whether the nutrition risk assessed by this method is an independent predictor of hospital length of stay (LOS) in pediatric inpatients.MethodsA cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian hospital from February 2014 to July 2018. The outcome in the survivor analysis was hospital discharge. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to estimate the cumulative survival time according to STRONGkids categories. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fitted, and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), with respective 95% CI, was used to measure the strength of association. The discriminatory ability of STRONGkids was verified by a receiver operating characteristic curveResultsA total 641 patients were included in the study: 54.9% males, median age of 2.8 years. The frequencies of low, moderate, and high nutrition risk were 15.6%, 63.7%, and 20.7%, respectively. The mean LOS was 5.9 days. Survival curves differed significantly according to nutrition‐risk categories. Patients classified as high risk had a 52% less chance of hospital discharge when compared with low‐risk patients (aHR: 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35–0.65). STRONGkids score ≥ 3 showed the best discriminatory power to identify LOS. From this score, there was a significant increase in the days of hospitalization.ConclusionThe nutrition risk assessed by STRONGkids independently predicts LOS in pediatric patients. For this outcome, patients with 3 points (moderate risk) should be treated with the same priority as those with high risk.
Computational investigation of heat transfer in a flow subjected to magnetohydrodynamic of Maxwell nanofluid over a stretched flat sheet with thermal radiation
Authors: Mukhtar Tayyaba , Jamshed Wasim , Aziz Asim , Al‐Kouz Wael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to numerically investigate the results of a mathematical model for unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow over a porous stretching surface. The analysis of non‐Newtonian Maxwell nanofluid is presented involving the influence of porous media, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and joule heating through the Keller box method. Partial slip and convective conditions are also enacted near the boundary. After using the similarity technique on the governing system of nonlinear partial differential equations, the Keller box method is then implemented to find out the numerical solution for copper–water Cu–H2O and molybdenum disulfide MoS2–H2O nanofluids. The impact of various governing flow parameters is interpreted numerically and illustrated graphically on the interaction of particles. Additionally, numerical results are further utilized to calculate the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate at the boundary. Finally, in a limiting case, the acquired numerical results are compared with existing results. The remarkable finding of the present study is that Cu–H2O based nanofluid is detected as a superior thermal conductor instead of MoS2–H2O based nanofluid.
End‐group cross‐linked membranes based on highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with vinyl functionalized graphene oxide as a cross‐linker and a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Kim Kihyun , Han Jusung , Lee Hyunhee , Kim Hyejin , Kim Sungjun , Sung Yung‐Eun , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance end‐group cross‐linked sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) membranes are developed using thiolate‐terminated SPAES with very high degree of sulfonation (DS) such as 90 mol% (SK‐SPAES90) and vinyl functionalized graphene oxide (VGO) as a cross‐linker and a filler through the thiol‐Michael addition reaction. Since free‐standing membranes for fuel cell application could not be prepared using the water soluble and highly proton conductive SPAES with high DS of 90 mol%, cross‐linked SPAES90 membranes are intentionally prepared. The cross‐linked membranes are found to have good physicochemical properties with excellent proton conductivity that can be applied for the proton exchange membrane. In particular, the cross‐linked SPAES90 membrane prepared using 1.0 wt% of VGO exhibits better dimensional stability than a SPAES70 membrane from the linear SPAES with DS of 70 mol% and the proton conductivities of this membrane are larger than those of Nafion 211 at 80 °C under different relative humidity conditions (40%‐95%).
The effect of curcumin supplementation on recovery followingexercise‐inducedmuscle damage and delayed‐onset muscle soreness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fang Wang , Nasir Yasaman 
Published: November 2020

Backgroundcurcumin consumption may have a protective effect against exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) through stabilization of the cell membrane via inhibition of free radical formation. Evidence supporting a protective role of curcumin after physical activity induced muscle injury in humans, however, it is inconsistent.MethodsMedline, Scopus, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to May 2020. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias was used for assessing the quality of studies. Random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the overall effect. Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using the chi‐squared and I2statistic.ResultsThe results revealed a significant effect of curcumin supplementation on reducing creatine kinase (CK) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −48.54 IU.L−1; 95% CI: −80.667, −16.420;p= .003) and muscle soreness index decrease (WMD = −0.476; 95% CI: −0.750, −0.202;p= .001). Moreover, a subgroup analysis resulted in a significant decrease in CK concentrations and muscle soreness index, according to follow‐ups after exercise, dose of curcumin, duration of studies, exercise type, train status and study design.ConclusionsThe current evidence revealed a efficacy of curcumin in reducing CK serum levels and muscle soreness index among adults. Therefore, curcumin may be known as a priority EIMD recovery agent in interventions.
Hot tub lung machine
Authors: Corbitt Matthew , Deller David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHot tub lung (HTL) is a pulmonary disease where a hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by exposure and inhalation of aerosolized non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) traditionally from hot water steam. HTL can affect both immunocompromised and healthy individuals, and diagnosis is dependent on high clinical suspicion in conjunction with high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and microbiological evidence. We present, to our knowledge, the only case of HTL occurring from an indoor swimming pool affecting five members of a family, in which one member was not a resident of the household.
Impact of COVID‐19 on polio vaccination in Pakistan: a concise overview
Authors: Din Misbahud , Ali Hammad , Khan Mudassir , Waris Abdul , Ullah Sana , Kashif Muhammad , Rahman Sidra , Ali Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has disrupted immunization programs around the globe, potentially increasing life‐threatening vaccine‐preventable diseases. Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries, which are still struggling to eradicate wild poliovirus. All vaccination campaigns in Pakistan were suspended in April due to the COVID‐19 outbreak, leading 40 million children to miss out on polio vaccination. Like the climate crisis, the COVID‐19 pandemic could be regarded as a child‐rights crisis because it could have life‐threatening impact over children, who need immunization, now and in the long‐term. Delays in polio vaccination programs might not have immediate impact but, in the long‐term, the increase in polio cases in Pakistan could result in the global export of infections. Therefore, healthcare authorities must intensify their efforts to track and vaccinate unvaccinated children in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan. Polio vaccination campaigns need to resume immediately, so we suggest applying social distancing measures along with standard operating procedure to flatten the transmission curve of COVID‐19. Furthermore, the concurrent emergence of cVDPV2 means that tOPV should temporarily be used for primary immunization. In the current review, we have discussed delays in polio vaccination, surveillance of polio viruses, reported cases in Pakistan along with recommendations to overcome interrupted immunization.
Coadministration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a therapy for critical limb ischemia
Authors: Park Jin Ju , Kwon Yang Woo , Kim Jeong Won , Park Gyu Tae , Yoon Jung Won , Kim Ye Seul , Kim Da Sol , Kwon Sang Mo , Bae Sun Sik , Ko Kinarm , Kim Chang-Seok , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Critical limb ischemia is a condition in which tissue necrosis occurs due to arterial occlusion, resulting in limb amputation in severe cases. Both endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are needed for the regeneration of peripheral arteries in ischemic tissues. However, it is difficult to isolate and cultivate primary EC and SMC from patients for therapeutic angiogenesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are regarded as useful stem cells due to their pluripotent differentiation potential. In this study, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of human iPSC-derived EC and iPSC-derived SMC in peripheral artery disease model. After the induction of mesodermal differentiation of iPSC, CD34+ progenitor cells were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting. Cultivation of the CD34+ progenitor cells in endothelial culture medium induced the expression of endothelial markers and phenotypes. Moreover, the CD34+ cells could be differentiated into SMC by cultivation in SMC culture medium. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, cotransplantation of EC with SMC improved blood perfusion and increased the limb salvage rate in ischemic limbs compared to transplantation of either EC or SMC alone. Moreover, cotransplantation of EC and SMC stimulated angiogenesis and led to the formation of capillaries and arteries/arterioles in vivo. Conditioned medium derived from SMC stimulated the migration, proliferation, and tubulation of EC in vitro, and these effects were recapitulated by exosomes isolated from the SMC-conditioned medium. Together, these results suggest that iPSC-derived SMC enhance the therapeutic efficacy of iPSC-derived EC in peripheral artery disease via an exosome-mediated paracrine mechanism.
Atlantic Salmon Movement Patterns and Habitat Use during Colonization of Novel Habitat
Authors: Frechette Danielle M. , Dionne Mélanie , Dodson Julian J. , Bergeron Normand E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAllowing reproductive individuals to colonize novel habitat or recolonize previously occupied habitat is increasingly being considered as a tool for recovery of depleted populations of anadromous salmon. Successful application of these techniques requires thorough understanding of how adults use the riverscape during colonization to ensure that programs achieve desired outcomes. We examined the movements and habitat use of adult Atlantic SalmonSalmo salarduring colonization of novel habitat in an eastern Canadian river using a novel combination of acoustic telemetry, remote sensing, ground surveys, and continuous records of river temperature and discharge. Females moved less than males, regardless of river temperature or discharge, whereas males engaged in more extensive movements except at elevated temperature and discharge. Probability of movement was lower during the summer, coincident with individuals holding in pools during high‐heat/low‐discharge events. River temperature, discharge, and day of year were influential in predicting whether salmon held in pools, and size was the most important physical characteristic identifying “suitable” holding pools. Observed movement patterns may reflect different evolutionary strategies employed by each sex to maximize reproductive fitness. Because spawning behavior is highly conserved within salmonids, these findings may (1) provide a generalized picture of how Atlantic Salmon use space during colonization of unoccupied habitat and (2) be used to optimize future reintroduction and assisted migration programs.
Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD)5: Guidelines for management of vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Smith Eric E. , Barber Philip , Field Thalia S. , Ganesh Aravind , Hachinski Vladimir , Hogan David B. , Lanctôt Krista L. , Lindsay M. Patrice , Sharma Mukul , Swartz Richard H. , Ismail Zahinoor , Gauthier Serge , Black Sandra E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionVascular disease is a common cause of dementia, and often coexists with other brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease to cause mixed dementia. Many of the risk factors for vascular disease are treatable. Our objective was to review evidence for diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) to issue recommendations to clinicians.MethodsA subcommittee of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD) reviewed areas of emerging evidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assign the quality of the evidence and strength of the recommendations.ResultsUsing standardized diagnostic criteria, managing hypertension to conventional blood pressure targets, and reducing risk for stroke are strongly recommended. Intensive blood pressure lowering in middle‐aged adults with vascular risk factors, using acetylsalicylic acid in persons with VCI and covert brain infarctions but not if only white matter lesions are present, and using cholinesterase inhibitors are weakly recommended.ConclusionsThe CCCDTD has provided evidence‐based recommendations for diagnosis and management of VCI for use nationally in Canada, that may also be of use worldwide.
CCCDTD5 recommendations on early and timely assessment of neurocognitive disorders using cognitive, behavioral, and functional scales
Authors: Tang‐Wai David F. , Smith Eric E. , Bruneau Marie‐Andrée , Burhan Amer M. , Chatterjee Atri , Chertkow Howard , Choudhury Samira , Dorri Ehsan , Ducharme Simon , Fischer Corinne E. , Ghodasara Sheena , Herrmann Nathan , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Kumar Sanjeev , Laforce Robert , Lee Linda , Massoud Fadi , Shulman Kenneth I. , Stiffel Michael , Gauthier Serge , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionEarlier diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders and neurodegenerative disease is needed to implement preventative interventions, minimize harm, and reduce risk of exploitation in the context of undetected disease. Along the spectrum from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to dementia, evidence continues to emerge with respect to detection, staging, and monitoring. Updates to previous guidelines are required for clinical practice.MethodsA subcommittee of the 5th Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD) reviewed emerging evidence to address the following: (1) Is there a role for screening at‐risk patients without clinical concerns? In what context is assessment for dementia appropriate? (2) What tools can be used to evaluate patients in whom cognitive decline is suspected? (3) What important information can be gained from an informant, using which measures? (4) What instruments can be used to get more in‐depth information to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia? (5) What is the approach to those with cognitive concerns but without objective changes (ie, SCD)? (6) How do we track response to treatment and change over time? The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to rate quality of the evidence and strength of the recommendations.ResultsWe recommend instruments to assess and monitor cognition, behavior, and function across the cognitive spectrum, including reports from patient and informant. We recommend against screening asymptomatic older adults but recommend investigation for self‐ or informant reports of changes in cognition, emergence of behavioral or psychiatric symptoms, or decline in function or self‐care. Standardized assessments should be used for cognitive and behavioral change that have sufficient validity for use in clinical practice.DiscussionThe CCCDTD5 provides evidence‐based recommendations for detection, assessment, and monitoring of neurocognitive disorders. Although these guidelines were developed for use in Canada, they may also be useful in other jurisdictions.
CCCDTD5: Reducing the risk of later‐life dementia. Evidence informing the Fifth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD‐5)
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth , Andrew Melissa K. , Aubertin‐Leheudre Mylène , Belleville Sylvie , Bherer Louis , Bowles Susan K. , Kehler D Scott , Lim Andrew , Middleton Laura , Phillips Natalie , Wallace Lindsay M.K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Fifth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD‐5) was a year‐long process to synthesize the best available evidence on several topics. Our group undertook evaluation of risk reduction, in eight domains: nutrition; physical activity; hearing; sleep; cognitive training and stimulation; social engagement and education; frailty; and medications. Here we describe the rationale for the undertaking and summarize the background evidence—this is also tabulated in the Appendix. We further comment specifically on the relationship between age and dementia, and offer some suggestions for how reducing the risk of dementia in the seventh decade and beyond might be considered if we are to improve prospects for prevention in the near term. We draw to attention that a well‐specified model of success in dementia prevention need not equate to the elimination of cognitive impairment in late life.
Scholarly data mining: A systematic review of its applications
Authors: Dridi Amna , Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Azad R. Muhammad Atif , Bhogal Jagdev 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the widespread growth of scholarly networks and digital libraries has resulted in an explosion of publicly available scholarly data in various forms such as authors, papers, citations, conferences, and journals. This has created interest in the domain of big scholarly data analysis that analyses worldwide dissemination of scientific findings from different perspectives. Although the study of big scholarly data is relatively new, some studies have emerged on how to investigate scholarly data usage in different disciplines. These studies motivate investigating the scholarly data generated via academic technologies such as scholarly networks and digital libraries for building scalable approaches for retrieving, recommending, and analyzing the scholarly content. We have analyzed these studies following a systematic methodology, classifying them into different applications based on literature features and highlighting the machine learning techniques used for this purpose. We also discuss open challenges that remain unsolved to foster future research in the field of scholarly data mining.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Application Areas > Science and Technology
On the structural complexity of tetragonal tungsten bronze type niobium tungsten oxides
Authors: Wörle Michael , Krumeich Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this comparative study, two samples with a slightly different oxygen : metal ratio have been characterized by various electron microscopy methods and by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). A reasonably good fit to the experimental powder XRD patterns could be achieved by Rietveld refinement for both samples Nb8W9O47 and Nb7W10O47.5 using the structural models of Nb6.7W10.3O47 and Nb8W9O47 both obtained from X‐ray crystal structure analysis. HRTEM investigations confirm that Nb8W9O47 crystallizes as a pure phase in the well‐known threefold superstructure of the tetragonal tungsten bronze type (TTB). In contrast, a more complex real structure was found for the sample Nb7W10O47.5 with small domains of Nb4W7O31 appearing besides large ones of Nb8W9O47 and in addition extended TTB‐based areas with short‐range order only. The diffuse scattering caused by this disorder is easily detected in the electron diffraction pattern but does not affect the Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD patterns. However, on the basis of powder diffraction experiments, it is clearly possible to distinguish between the above compounds and the hypothetical, but non‐existing compound “Nb18W16O93”, a composition recently postulated for battery materials.