bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to land cover and grassland management vary across life‐history stages for a grassland specialist
Authors: Hardy Michael A. , Broadway Matthew S. , Pollentier Christopher D. , Radeloff Volker C. , Riddle Jason D. , Hull Scott D. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGrassland birds have exhibited dramatic and widespread declines since the mid‐20th century. Greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) are considered an umbrella species for grassland conservation and are frequent targets of management, but their responses to land use and management can be quite variable. We used data collected during 2007–2009 and 2014–2015 to investigate effects of land use and grassland management practices on habitat selection and survival rates of greater prairie chickens in central Wisconsin, USA. We examined habitat, nest‐site, and brood‐rearing site selection by hens and modeled effects of land cover and management on survival rates of hens, nests, and broods. Prairie chickens consistently selected grassland over other cover types, but selection or avoidance of management practices varied among life‐history stages. Hen, nest, and brood survival rates were influenced by different land cover types and management practices. At the landscape scale, hens selected areas where brush and trees had been removed during the previous year, which increased hen survival. Hens selected nest sites in hay fields and brood‐rearing sites in burned areas, but prescribed fire had a negative influence on hen survival. Brood survival rates were positively associated with grazing and were highest when home ranges contained ≈15%–20% shrub/tree cover. The effects of landscape composition on nest survival were ambiguous. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of evaluating responses to management efforts across a range of life‐history stages and suggest that a variety of management practices are likely necessary to provide structurally heterogeneous, high‐quality habitat for greater prairie chickens. Brush and tree removal, grazing, hay cultivation, and prescribed fire may be especially beneficial for prairie chickens in central Wisconsin, but trade‐offs among life‐history stages and the timing of management practices must be considered carefully.
Using in silico predicted ancestral genomes to improve the efficiency of paleogenome reconstruction
Authors: Garrett Vieira Filipe , Samaniego Castruita José Alfredo , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPaleogenomics is the nascent discipline concerned with sequencing and analysis of genome‐scale information from historic, ancient, and even extinct samples. While once inconceivable due to the challenges of DNA damage, contamination, and the technical limitations of PCR‐based Sanger sequencing, following the dawn of the second‐generation sequencing revolution, it has rapidly become a reality. However, a significant challenge facing ancient DNA studies on extinct species is the lack of closely related reference genomes against which to map the sequencing reads from ancient samples. Although bioinformatic efforts to improve the assemblies have focused mainly in mapping algorithms, in this article we explore the potential of an alternative approach, namely using reconstructed ancestral genome as reference for mapping DNA sequences of ancient samples. Specifically, we present a preliminary proof of concept for a general framework and demonstrate how under certain evolutionary divergence thresholds, considerable mapping improvements can be easily obtained.
Ultrasound imaging of congestion in heart failure: examinations beyond the heart
Authors: Pellicori Pierpaolo , Platz Elke , Dauw Jeroen , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Martens Pieter , Pivetta Emanuele , Cleland John G.F. , McMurray John J.V. , Mullens Wilfried , Solomon Scott D. , Zannad Faiez , Gargani Luna , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCongestion, related to pressure and/or fluid overload, plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation and prognosis of heart failure and is an important therapeutic target. While symptoms and physical signs of fluid overload are required to make a clinical diagnosis of heart failure, they lack both sensitivity and specificity, which might lead to diagnostic delay and uncertainty. Over the last decades, new ultrasound methods for the detection of elevated intracardiac pressures and/or fluid overload have been developed that are more sensitive and specific, thereby enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis and facilitating treatment strategies. Accordingly, we considered that a state‐of‐the‐art review of ultrasound methods for the detection and quantification of congestion was timely, including imaging of the heart, lungs (B‐lines), kidneys (intrarenal venous flow), and venous system (inferior vena cava and internal jugular vein diameter).
Trial characteristics associated with under‐enrolment of females in randomized controlled trials of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review
Authors: Whitelaw Sera , Sullivan Kristen , Eliya Yousif , Alruwayeh Mohammad , Thabane Lehana , Yancy Clyde W. , Mehran Roxana , Mamas Mamas A. , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate temporal trends in the enrolment of females in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) published in high‐impact journals, and assess RCT characteristics associated with under‐enrolment.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL for studies published from January 2000 to May 2019 in journals with impact factor ≥10. We included RCTs that recruited adults with HFrEF. We used a 20% threshold below the sex distribution of HFrEF to define under‐enrolment. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess trial characteristics independently associated with under‐enrolment. We included 317 RCTs. Among the 183 097 participants, mean (standard deviation) age was 63.0 (7.0) years and 25.5% were female. Females were under‐enrolled in 71.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66.6–76.6%] of the RCTs; enrolment did not increase significantly between 2000–2019. Sex‐related eligibility criteria [odds ratio (OR) 2.05, 95% CI 1.01–4.16; P = 0.046]; recruitment in ambulatory settings (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.37–4.81; P = 0.003); trial coordination in North America (OR 4.44, 95% CI 1.09–18.07; P = 0.037), Europe (OR 6.79, 95% CI 1.63–27.39; P = 0.018) and Asia (OR 9.33, 95% CI 1.40–12.40; P = 0.033); drug (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.96–7.36; P < 0.001) and device/surgical interventions (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16–9.43; P = 0.002); and men in first and last authorship position (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–3.54; P = 0.047) were associated with under‐enrolment of females.ConclusionsFemales were under‐enrolled relative to disease distribution in a majority of high‐impact HFrEF RCTs, with no change in temporal trends between 2000 and 2019. Trial characteristics and gender of trial leaders were associated with under‐enrolment.
Electrochemically Deposited Porous Graphene−Polypyrrole−Polyphenol Oxidase for Dopamine Biosensor
Authors: Ramu P. , Vimal S. P. , Suresh P. , Saravanakumar U. , Sethuraman V. , Anandhavelu S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a method for the fabrication of glassy carbon electrode modified porous graphene‐polypyrrole‐polyphenol oxidase (GCE−PG−PPy−PPO) modified electrode for the determination dopamine. The optimization of pH, concentration and detection limit of dopamine was employed by amperomatric technique. The detection limit of dopamine was found to be in a linear range of 2×10−8 to 4.6×10−5 M and lower limit detection is 4×10−9 M. Michealis – Menten constant (Km) and the activation energy were calculated as 31.32 μM and 37.4−Kj mol−1, respectively. The developed biosensor was used to quantify the dopamine in human urine sample.
Recent advances in graphene‐based materials for fuel cell applications
Authors: Su Hanrui , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe unique chemical and physical properties of graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide, heteroatom‐doped graphene, and functionalized graphene) have stimulated tremendous efforts and made significant progress in fuel cell applications. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of graphene‐based materials in electrodes, electrolytes, and bipolar plates for fuel cells. The understanding of structure‐activity relationships of metal‐free heteroatom‐doped graphene and graphene‐supported catalysts was highlighted. The performances and advantages of graphene‐based materials in membranes and bipolar plates were summarized. We also outlined the challenges and perspectives in using graphene‐based materials for fuel cell applications.
Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum L. against alcohol‐induced oxidative damage involves Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Wang Han , Li Yongsheng , Liu Jianfei , Di Duolong , Liu Yewei , Wei Jianteng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we investigated the effect of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides (LBPs) on L‐02 cells exposed to alcohol exploring the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results suggested that LBPs significantly prevented alcohol‐induced hepatotoxicity with dose‐dependent effect, indicated by both cell viability and diagnostic indicators of liver damage. Moreover, alcohol induced excessive oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the malondialdehyde level and reactive oxygen species production, while reducing antioxidant enzymes (T‐SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver, were inhibited by administration of LBPs. Furthermore, LBPs reversed the cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in alcohol‐treated liver cell. Studies of underlying mechanisms revealed that LBPs increased expression levels of Nrf2 expression, which in turn blocked proapoptotic signaling events, restoring the balance between proapoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins, suppressing activities of cytochrome C (Cyto c), caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 in L‐02 cells stimulation by ethanol. In general, the results showed that the inhibition of alcohol‐caused liver damage by LBPs is due at least in part to its antioxidant and antiapoptosis activity via Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Late Palaeozoic magmatism in the eastern Tseel Terrane of SW Mongolia evidenced by chronological and geochemical data
Authors: Hong Tao , Gao Jun , Xu Xing‐Wang , Wu Chu , Li Hao 
Published: October 2020

The eastern Tseel Terrane of SW Mongolia, which is an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), contains a segment of imbricated sheets of Late Palaeozoic granites as well as a bimodal volcanic suite. Late Devonian (380–382 Ma) granites that are enriched in Th, U, and K and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, Ba, Sr, and Ti indicate arc magmatism and are low‐K tholeiitic to medium‐K calc‐alkaline series. Zircon εHf(t) values are of +8.30 to +14.1, with crustal model ages of 0.83–0.48 Ga. The bimodal volcanic suite is composed of N‐MORB basalt and 302 ± 2 Ma rhyolite having A2‐type granite affinities, εHf(t) values ranging from +9.9 to +11.9, and crustal model ages from 0.69 to 0.59 Ga. The rhyolite mighthave originated from partial melting of juvenile lower crust, rather than fractional crystallization of coeval basaltic magma. Late Carboniferous (299–303 Ma) granites are medium‐K to high‐K calc‐alkaline series, cross‐cutting carbonaceous siltstone, emplaced into the deformed volcanic rocks and are characterized by enrichment in K, Th, and U accompanied by depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti in a primitive mantle‐normalized diagram with εHf(t) values ranging from +6.05 to +10.6 and crustal model ages from 0.70 to 0.65 Ga. Thus, LA‐ICP‐MS zircon ages in combination with geochemical data document a phase of arc‐related magmatism in the Tseel Terrane at 380–382 Ma. These rocks were subsequently deformed under low‐grade metamorphic conditions and intruded by undeformed granites at c. 299–303 Ma. The coeval 302 Ma rhyolite in bimodal volcanic suite shows typical A2‐type granitic geochemical affinities and probably documents a back‐arc basin extensional environment, which was probably related to the roll‐back of the Palaeo‐Asian Oceanic Plate during the northward subduction under the Central Mongolia microcontinent.
Functional neuroanatomy of language without speech: An ALE meta‐analysis of sign language
Authors: Trettenbrein Patrick C. , Papitto Giorgio , Friederici Angela D. , Zaccarella Emiliano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSign language (SL) conveys linguistic information using gestures instead of sounds. Here, we apply a meta‐analytic estimation approach to neuroimaging studies (N= 23; subjects = 316) and ask whether SL comprehension in deaf signers relies on the same primarily left‐hemispheric cortical network implicated in spoken and written language (SWL) comprehension in hearing speakers. We show that: (a) SL recruits bilateral fronto‐temporo‐occipital regions with strong left‐lateralization in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus known as Broca's area, mirroring functional asymmetries observed for SWL. (b) Within this SL network, Broca's area constitutes a hub which attributes abstract linguistic information to gestures. (c) SL‐specific voxels in Broca's area are also crucially involved in SWL, as confirmed by meta‐analytic connectivity modeling using an independent large‐scale neuroimaging database. This strongly suggests that the human brain evolved a lateralized language network with a supramodal hub in Broca's area which computes linguistic information independent of speech.
Magnetohydrodynamics Eyring‐Powell fluid in a vertical porous microchannel with convective boundary condition subjected to entropy generation
Authors: Gireesha B. J. , Roja A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis investigation is concentrated on the second law analysis of a magnetohydrodynamics Eyring‐Powell fluid in a vertical microporous channel with the convective boundary conditions under the impacts of heat generation, viscous dissipation, exponential space, temperature dependence, and Joule heating. The reduced form of the governing equations is obtained with the aid of applying nondimensional variables and is resolved using Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg's fourth fifth‐order method. The various relevant parameters that affect the heat transfer and entropy have been discussed in detail through graphs. It is found that the impacts of suction/injection, viscous dissipation, and convective conditions are important and the thermal performance can be improved with these factors. The generation of entropy boosts up with the impacts of radiation, space/temperature‐dependent, and Biot number and slows down with Eyring‐Powel parameters. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate amplifies with the magnetic number and the drag force intensifies with the Brinkman parameters. The comparison of results has been performed and it provides an excellent agreement.
Public acceptance of Covid‐19 lockdown scenarios
Authors: Gollwitzer Mario , Platzer Christine , Zwarg Clarissa , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: October 2020

By mid‐March 2020, most countries had implemented nationwide lockdown policies aimed at decelerating the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. At that time, nobody knew how long these policies would have to remain in force and whether they would have to be extended, intensified or made more flexible. The present study aimed to illuminate how the general public in Germany reacted to the prospect of increasing the length, the intensity and/or the flexibility of distancing rules implied by different lockdown scenarios. Endorsement of and compliance with five specific lockdown scenarios were assessed in a large (N = 14,433) German sample. Results showed that lockdown length affected respondents' reactions much more strongly than intensity or flexibility. Additional analyses (i.e., mixture distribution modelling) showed that half of the respondents rejected any further extensions or intensifications, while 20% would endorse long‐term strategies if necessary. We argue that policy‐makers and political communicators should take the public's endorsement of and compliance with such scenarios into account, as should simulations predicting the effects of different lockdown scenarios.
Safe administration of ipilimumab plus nivolumab to a dialysis patient with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Iwaki Takuya , Niimi Aya , Kano Masato , Kurokawa Yoshiaki , Yoshizaki Uran , Nozaki Keina , Nomiya Akira , Miyazaki Hideyo , Kume Haruki 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab has been used as first‐line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. While it is well known that hemodialysis patients have a higher rate of renal cell carcinoma compared to the general population, no reports have described the safety of ipilimumab–nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients on hemodialysis.Case presentationA 73‐year‐old man with a 21‐year history of dialysis was referred to our department in 2019 for bilateral renal tumors and multiple lung nodules. He had already been diagnosed with bilateral renal tumors in 2015, without undergoing surgery due to comorbidities. In May 2019, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed multiple lung metastases in addition to the existing renal tumors; consequently, he was treated with four doses of nivolumab–ipilimumab with no adverse events.ConclusionThe combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab was safely used in a hemodialysis patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Bone microarchitecture characterization based on fractal analysis in spatial frequency domain imaging
Authors: Zehani Soraya , Ouahabi Abdeldjalil , Oussalah Mourad , Mimi Malika , Taleb‐Ahmed Abdelmalik 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper suggests a new technique for trabecular bone characterization using fractal analysis of X‐Ray and MRI texture images for osteoporosis diagnosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone density that can lead to fracture and disability. In essence, the proposed fractal model makes use of the differential box‐counting method (DBCM) to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) after an appropriate image preprocessing stage that ensures a robust estimation process. In this study, we showed that within the frequency domain generated through discrete cosine transform (DCT), only a quarter of DCT coefficients are enough to characterize osteoporotic tissues. The algorithmic complexity of the developed approach is of the order ofwhereNstands for the size of the image, which, in turn, likely yields important gain in terms of medication cost. We report a successful separation of healthy and pathological cases in term of bothP − value(using statistical Wilcoxon rank sum test) and margin difference. A comparative statistical analysis has been performed using a publicly available database that contains a set of MRI and X‐Ray texture images of both healthy and osteoporotic bone tissues. The statistical results demonstrated the feasibility and accepted performance level of our fractal model‐based diagnosis to discriminate healthy and unhealthy trabecular bone tissues. The developed approach has been implemented on a medical device prototype.
Supplemental irrigation to save water while growing cactus pear in semi‐arid regions*
Authors: Zegbe Jorge A. , Servín‐Palestina Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change will compromise food access by causing water shortages for agricultural purposes. Supplemental irrigation (SI) was explored for its effect on crop water use, fruit yield, water use efficiency, water productivity, mean fruit mass and fruit size distribution of four cactus pear cultivars. The irrigation treatments were: non‐irrigated (NI) rainfed control, SI and full irrigation (FI). The cultivars were: ‘Cristalina’ (Opuntia albicarpa Scheinvar), ‘Amarilla Olorosa’ (O. spp.), ‘Roja Lisa’ (O. ficus‐indica L. Mill.), and ‘Dalia Roja’ (O. spp.). The experiment was conducted in a split‐block design. The SI treatment saved water, in a 3‐year‐average, by 52% for ‘Cristalina’, 51% for ‘Roja Lisa’ and 52% for both ‘Amarilla Olorosa’ and ‘Dalia Roja’. This resulted in a reduction in crop water use by 38% for ‘Cristalina’, 42% for ‘Roja Lisa’, 39% for ‘Amarilla Olorosa’ and 40% for ‘Dalia Roja’. For SI, plant‐relative water content and fruit growth were similar to the FI plants. SI plants maintained fruit yield, mean fruit mass and marketable fruit size at the level of FI plants, while it improved efficiencies of water use and water productivity. SI is therefore a feasible irrigation strategy for cactus pear for those areas where water availability is limited for agricultural activities.
Surface modification and biotribological behavior of UHMWPE nanocomposites with GO infiltrated by ultrasonic induction
Authors: Lu Peipei , Wu Meiping , Liu Xin , Ye Xiu , Duan Weipeng , Miao Xiaojin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we have innovatively proposed a method for surface modification of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) artificial joint materials with graphene oxide (GO) infiltrated into UHMWPE substrate by ultrasonic induction. The mechanical properties of UHMWPE nanocomposites with GO infiltrated by ultrasonic induction were compared with that of GO mixed. The molecular structure, wettability, peak load, and bio‐tribological behavior of GO/UHMWPE nanocomposites were studied using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measuring instrument, electronic universal material testing machine, tribometer, and profilometer, respectively. The results show that the ultrasonic‐induction method can make GO adhere to UHMWPE surface well, and GO can significantly improve the wettability of UHMWPE substrate. When the ultrasound‐inducted time is up to 12 hr, the wetting angle of the nanocomposites (12 h‐GO/UHMWPE) is reduced to 65.24°, which is 20.51% lower than that of the pure UHMWPE. The peak load is 183 N, which is 20.22% higher than that of GO/UHMWPE prepared by the mixing method. The bio‐tribological property of UHMWPE nanocomposites with GO infiltrated by ultrasonic induction for 12 hr (12 h‐GO/UHMWPE) is the best, and its friction coefficient keeps more stable at a value of 0.0605 under the lubrication of calf serum, which is 11.81% lower than that of UHMWPE mixed with GO by a traditional method, and the wear rate is decreased to 3.25 × 10−5mm3N−1 m−1.