bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of soil pipe and pipeflow in headcut migration processes in loessic soils
Authors: Xu Ximeng , Wilson Glenn V. , Zheng Fenli , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeadcut formation and migration was sometimes mistaken as the result of overland flow, without realizing that the headcut was formed and being influenced by flow through soil pipes into the headcut. To determine the effects of the soil pipe and flow through a soil pipe on headcut migration in loessic soils, laboratory experiments were conducted under free drainage conditions and conditions of a perched water table. Soil beds with a 3‐cm deep initial headcut were formed in a flume with a 1.5‐cm diameter soil pipe 15 cm below the bed surface. Overland flow and flow into the soil pipe was applied at a constant rate of 68 and 1 l min−1 at the upper end of the flume. The headcut migration rate and sediment concentrations in both surface (channel) and subsurface (soil pipe) flows were measured with time. The typical response was the formation of a headcut that extended in depth until an equilibrium scour hole was established, at which time the headcut migrated upslope. Pipeflow caused erosion inside the soil pipe at the same time that runoff was causing a scour hole to deepen and migrate. When the headcut extended to the depth of the soil pipe, surface runoff entering the scour hole interacted with flow from the soil pipe also entering the scour hole. This interaction dramatically altered the headcut processes and greatly accelerated the headcut migration rates and sediment concentrations. Conditions in which a perched water table provided seepage into the soil pipe, in addition to pipeflow, increased the sediment concentration by 42% and the headcut migration rate by 47% compared with pipeflow under free drainage conditions. The time that overland flow converged with subsurface flow was advanced under seepage conditions by 2.3 and 5.0 min compared with free drainage conditions. This study confirmed that pipeflow dramatically accelerates headcut migration, especially under conditions of shallow perched water tables, and highlights the importance of understanding these processes in headcut migration processes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructal design of an arterial bypass graft
Authors: Dutra Rafael F. , Zinani Flavia S. F. , Rocha Luiz A. O. , Biserni C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArterial bypass grafts tend to fail after some years due to intimal hyperplasia—an abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells that leads to stenosis and graft occlusion. In this regard and on the basis of the constructal design method, this study seeks to investigate the effect of geometric parameters—stenosis degree, junction angle, and diameter ratio—on the flow through a bypass graft circumventing an idealized, partially stenosed coronary artery. The computational model assumes a steady‐state Newtonian fluid flow through an artery stenosis degree from 25% to 75%. A computational fluid dynamics model and a response surface methodology were employed to assess the effects of the project parameters on pressure drop. As diameter ratio increases to 1 and the junction angle decreases to 30°, the pressure drop decreases and there is a considerable dependence of pressure drop on the stenosis degree. The effects of the diameter ratio are more pronounced than those of junction angle on the velocity field and wall shear stress. The application of the constructal design method in hemodynamics might be a good alternative to provide configurations with enhanced performance and to provide valuable results to the understanding of biological flows.
Laparoscopy‐assisted vasovasostomy for post‐herniorrhaphy vas deferens obstruction
Authors: Uchida Masahiro , Iida Shuichi , Hoshi Kazuhiko , Kojo Kosuke , Tsuchiya Haruki , Yamasaki Kazumitsu , Miyazaki Jun , Iwamoto Teruaki 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionRepair of obstructive azoospermia caused by childhood herniorrhaphy may be difficult. Therefore, intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular sperm is performed. However, vasovasostomy combined with laparoscopic surgery is challenging.Case presentationA 42‐year‐old man underwent inguinal hernia repair at age 3. He had normal testicular size, azoospermia, normal hormone levels (follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone), absence of Y chromosome micro deletion, and karyotype:46XY, t(1:21)(p34.1:q22.3). He was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia. Repeated intracytoplasmic sperm injections using testicular sperm resulted in miscarriages. Vasovasostomy combined with laparoscopic surgery was subsequently performed. Postoperative semen analysis result was almost normal. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection of ejaculated sperm, his wife got pregnant.ConclusionEven if patients have chromosomal abnormalities, performing microsurgical re‐anastomosis first is recommended. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a laparoscopy‐assisted vasovasostomy for post‐herniorrhaphy vas deferens obstruction in Japan.
Climate Justice Literacy: Stories‐We‐Live‐By, Ecolinguistics, and Classroom Practice
Authors: Damico James S. , Baildon Mark , Panos Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiteracy educators can guide students to examine the stories we live by, or the larger narratives that guide individual and collective sensemaking about relationships between humans and the environment. Drawing from the field of ecolinguistics, the authors consider two ecologically destructive stories we live by: Humans are the center of existence, and consumerism is a main pathway to happiness and fulfillment. The authors also explore three intersecting beneficial stories we live by that center on indigenous perspectives, feminist foundations of climate justice, and youth activism. This work is rooted in three essential understandings about climate change: It is a complex socioscientific topic and escalating problem, engaging with climate change is mediated primarily by a complicated array of motivated digital texts and motivated readers, and climate change is about climate (in)justice. The authors conclude with ideas about being a climate justice literacy educator.
Analysis of bone marrow supernatant neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and hematological parameters in hematological malignancy
Authors: Cho Chi‐Hyun , Cha Jaehyung , Chang Eun‐Ah , Nam Myung‐Hyun , Park Seo‐Jin , Sung Hwa Jung , Lee Se Ryeon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a urine biomarker related to acute renal injury. Whereas several studies have evaluated NGAL levels in hematological malignancy, using peripheral blood (PB). Recently, bone marrow (BM) NGAL level was reported to be higher than PB NGAL level in individuals with hematological malignancy, suggesting that BM NGAL would reflect BM microenvironment better than PB NGAL. We measured BM NGAL levels in patients with hematological malignancy, comparing those with NGAL levels in normal BM. We evaluated the association of BM NGAL with hematological parameters including neutrophil counts.MethodsBM samples were collected from 107 patients who underwent BM examination. Immunoassays were used to assess NGAL levels. Data on hematological parameters were collected from medical records. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal‐Wallis H test and Pearson chi‐square test. Single and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationships.ResultsThe independent factors that affected the BM NGAL level were neutrophil counts and BM band neutrophil%, while neutrophil count was the main influencing factor. The acute myeloid leukemia (n = 18) and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 25) groups showed statistically lower BM NGAL levels than patients with normal BM. The myeloproliferative neoplasm group (n = 34) showed higher BM NGAL levels than patients with normal BM, but this difference was not statistically significant. Neutrophil counts and BM band neutrophil% showed intergroup patterns similar to those of BM NGAL levels.ConclusionBM NGAL was related to neutrophil count and BM band neutrophil%, showing different levels according to hematological malignant disease entities.
Next‐generation sequencing to investigate circular RNA profiles in the peripheral blood of preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Mao Xiaonan , Guo Yan , Qiu Jie , Zhao Li , Xu Junjie , Yin Jiao , Lu Keyu , Zhang Mingshun , Cheng Rui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging noncoding RNAs that are involved in many biological processes and diseases. The expression profile of circRNAs in preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains unresolved.MethodsIn BPD infants, peripheral venous blood was drawn and circRNAs were extracted and sequenced by next‐generation sequencing. The levels of the selected circRNAs were measured by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR.ResultsAmong thousands of circRNAs, 491 circRNAs were significantly changed. Among the top 10 changed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0003122, hsa_circ_0003357, hsa_circ_0009983, hsa_circ_0003037, and hsa_circ_0009256 were significantly increased, while hsa_circ_0014932, hsa_circ_0015109, hsa_circ_0017811, hsa_circ_0020588, and hsa_circ_0015066 were significantly decreased. These altered circRNAs are involved in complicated biological functions and signaling pathways. Additionally, hsa_circ_0005577 (hsa_circ_FANCL), which was significantly increased in the moderate‐to‐severe BPD subjects, was correlated with oxygenation therapy.ConclusionThese results suggest that an aberrant circRNA profile in the peripheral blood of BPD infants might be important in BPD pathogenesis.
Caveolin‐3 deficiency associated with the dystrophy P104L mutation impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial form and function
Authors: Shah Dinesh S. , Nisr Raid B. , Stretton Clare , Krasteva‐Christ Gabriela , Hundal Harinder S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaveolin‐3 (Cav3) is the principal structural component of caveolae in skeletal muscle. Dominant pathogenic mutations in the Cav3 gene, such as the Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy‐1C (LGMD1C) P104L mutation, result in substantial loss of Cav3 and myopathic changes characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. We hypothesize such myopathy may also be associated with disturbances in mitochondrial biology. Herein, we report studies assessing the effects of Cav3 deficiency on mitochondrial form and function in skeletal muscle cells.MethodsL6 myoblasts were stably transfected with Cav3P104L or expression of native Cav3 repressed by shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing prior to performing fixed/live cell imaging of mitochondrial morphology, subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting, or analysis of real time mitochondrial respiration. Skeletal muscle from wild‐type and Cav3−/− mice was processed for analysis of mitochondrial proteins by immunoblotting.ResultsCaveolin‐3 was detected in mitochondrial‐enriched membranes isolated from mouse gastrocnemius muscle and L6 myoblasts. Expression of Cav3P104L in L6 myoblasts led to its targeting to the Golgi and loss of native Cav3 (>95%), including that associated with mitochondrial membranes. Cav3P104L reduced mitochondrial mass and induced fragmentation of the mitochondrial network that was associated with significant loss of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, morphology, and redox function [i.e. PGC1α, succinate dehyrdogenase (SDHA), ANT1, MFN2, OPA1, and MnSOD). Furthermore, Cav3P104L myoblasts exhibited increased mitochondrial cholesterol and loss of cardiolipin. Consistent with these changes, Cav3P104L expression reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and increased myocellular superoxide production. These morphological, biochemical, and functional mitochondrial changes were phenocopied in myoblasts in which Cav3 had been silenced/knocked‐out using shRNA or CRISPR. Reduced mitochondrial mass, PGC1α, SDHA, ANT1, and MnSOD were also demonstrable in Cav3−/− mouse gastrocnemius. Strikingly, Cav3 re‐expression in Cav3KO myoblasts restored its mitochondrial association and facilitated reformation of a tubular mitochondrial network. Significantly, re‐expression also mitigated changes in mitochondrial superoxide, cholesterol, and cardiolipin content and recovered cellular respiratory capacity.ConclusionsOur results identify Cav3 as an important regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and reveal that Cav3 deficiency in muscle cells associated with the Cav3P104L mutation invokes major disturbances in mitochondrial respiration and energy status that may contribute to the pathology of LGMD1C.
Focal impulse and rotor modulation of atrial rotors during atrial fibrillation leads to organization of left atrial activation as reflected by waveform morphology recurrence quantification analysis and organizational index
Authors: Liu Peter R. , Friedman Daniel J. , Barnett Adam S. , Jackson Kevin P. , Daubert James P. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFocal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) can cause slowing, organization, and occasionally termination of atrial fibrillation (AF), although results have been mixed. To further characterize changes in AF during rotor ablation, we quantified morphologic and temporal activation changes following FIRM.MethodsIn patients undergoing FIRM ablation for AF, we retrospectively analyzed coronary sinus bipolar EGMs before and after rotor ablation, including EGM activation frequency and regularity, dominant frequency (DF), and organizational index (OI). Changes in EGM waveform morphology were determined with recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) consisting of recurrence rate (RR), determinism (DET), laminarity (LAM), average diagonal line length (L), and trapping time (TT) using Wilcoxon signed‐rank testing.ResultsOverall, 36 rotors from 21 patients undergoing FIRM ablation were analyzed. All morphology RQA parameters demonstrated significant organization of atrial activation after rotor ablation (RR P = .03, DET P = .005, LAM P = .03, L P = .005, TT P = .009). The organizational index also showed a significant increase after rotor ablation (P = .01), and the change in OI correlated with changes in all morphology parameters. Of the rotors, 14/36 (39%) rotors showed organizational changes in all morphology parameters and OI, and an additional 5 rotors (19/36, 53%) showed organizational changes in 4 of 5 morphology parameters and OI.ConclusionsCoronary sinus EGM waveform morphologies and activation patterns are significantly altered after FIRM ablation even when there is no fibrillatory slowing. RQA morphology analysis and organizational index may impart important information regarding underlying AF organization and may be useful in quantifying the acute response to ablation.
Perioperative outcomes and survival of octogenarians undergoing curative resection for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Eric , Senders Zachary J , Hardacre Jeffrey , Kim Julian , Ammori John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrent data are conflicting as to whether the outcomes of octogenarians undergoing resection for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma are comparable to younger patients. This study aims to compare perioperative outcomes and survival of patients ≥80 years old with younger patients undergoing curative resection for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.MethodsRetrospective data were collected on 190 patients who underwent resection with curative intent for adenocarcinomas found in the stomach and esophagogastric junction from 2004 to 2015 at a single institution.ResultsOf the 190 patients, 34 (18%) were ≥80 years old. Octogenarians were more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and were less likely to have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic features were similar between groups. Octogenarians' tumors were more likely to be located in the gastric body as compared to the esophagogastric junction in younger patients. Although the length of stay was comparable, octogenarians were significantly less likely to be discharged home (P < .01). Both groups had a single death during the index admission. Incidence and severity of 90 days postoperative complications were not significantly different between groups. There was no difference in 30‐day, 90‐day, 1‐year, or median survival.ConclusionsPerioperative outcomes and survival of octogenarians undergoing curative resection for esophagogastric cancer are comparable to younger patients at our institution.
Treatment of stage I‐III rectal cancer: Who is refusing surgery?
Authors: Fields Adam C. , Lu Pamela W. , Yoo James , Irani Jennifer , Goldberg Joel E. , Bleday Ronald , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical resection is a cornerstone in the management of patients with rectal cancer. Patients may refuse surgical treatment for several reasons although the rate of refusal is currently unknown.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was utilized to identify patients with stage I‐III rectal cancer. Patients who refused surgical resection were compared to patients who underwent curative resection.ResultsA total of 509 (2.6%) patients with stage I and 2082 (3.5%) patients with stage II/III rectal cancer refused surgery. In multivariable analysis for stage I disease, older age, Black race, and Medicaid/no insurance were independent predictors of surgery refusal. Patients were less likely to refuse surgery if they had a higher income or lived further distances from the treatment facility. In multivariable analysis for stage II/III disease, older age, Black race, insurance other than private, and rural county were independent predictors of surgery refusal. Patients were less likely to refuse surgery if they had higher Charlson comorbidity scores, lived further distances from the treatment facility, or underwent chemoradiation. There was a significant decrease in survival for patients refusing surgery compared to patients undergoing recommended surgery.ConclusionsA small proportion of patients refuse surgery for rectal cancer, and this treatment decision significantly affects survival.
Polythioethers with Controlled α,ω‐End Groups Prepared by Visible Light Induced Thiol–Ene Click Polymerization of Dithiol and Divinyl Ether with 4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)benzaldehyde as Organocatalyst
Authors: Wang Yiran , Zhang Xianhong , Ma Yuhong , Chen Dong , Zhao Changwen , Yang Wantai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study reports a step‐growth click‐polymerization of 1,4‐benzenedimethane (BDMT) and diethylene glycol divinyl ether (DEGVE) with 4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)‐benzaldehyde (DPAB) as a photoredox catalyst under irradiation of visible light. DPAB exhibits a strong UV–vis absorption at 350 nm and a strong fluorescence emission at 480 nm in anisole. There is a strong fluorescence quenching between BDMT and DPAB. The molecular weight of the polythiolether can be controlled by reaction time and monomer feed ratios. More importantly, α,ω‐dithiol and α,ω‐divinyl telechelic polythiolether oligomers are successfully synthesized by simply changing the molar ratios of BDMT to DEGVE. 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS spectra demonstrate that the oligomers have high end group fidelity. In addition, strong fluorescence is observed when the α,ω‐dithiol terminated polythiolether adds with N‐(1‐pyrenyl) maleimide, indicating that the as‐prepared polythiolether bears reactive thiol end groups. Furthermore, high molecular weight polythiolether are prepared by chain extension with reactive polythiolether oligomers as macro‐monomers. For example, α,ω‐divinyl oligomer (Mn = 2000 g mol−1) could further react with α,ω‐dithiol oligomer (Mn = 2400 g mol−1) to form high molecular weight polythiolether (Mn = 6000 g mol−1).
Strichartz estimates for non‐degenerate Schrödinger equations
Authors: Taira Kouichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the Schrödinger equation with a non‐degenerate metric on the Euclidean space. We study local in time Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation without loss of derivatives including the endpoint case. In contrast to the Riemannian metric case, we need the additional assumptions for the well‐posedness of our Schrödinger equation and for proving Strichartz estimates without loss.
Not so social: When social media increases perceptions of exclusions and negatively affects attitudes toward content
Authors: Vinuales Gema , Thomas Veronica L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial media interactions in the form of likes and comments have become a prevalent and expected form of feedback among consumers. However, as these forms of feedback represent social acceptance, content that fails to garner sufficient community reactions may have important implications for consumer behavior, a conjecture supported by an evolutionary psychology account. Three studies demonstrate that consumers use social media cues such as the number of likes that a post receives to shape their attitudes and intentions regarding the subject of that post, and this relationship is mediated by perceptions of social exclusion. Further, the presence of comments can help to attenuate the negative impact of too few likes on perceptions of social exclusion, enhancing consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward the subject of the post.
Proposal for a Scientifically Correct and Medically Actionable Disease Classification System (ICD) for Obesity
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy , Mechanick Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveObesity is responsible for a huge burden of suffering and social costs, and yet many patients lack access to evidence‐based therapies. The diagnostic term “obesity” and inadequate International Classification of Diseases(ICD) codes contribute to suboptimal efforts to prevent and treat obesity as a chronic disease. The goal of this review is to develop a medically actionable classification system based on the diagnostic term “adiposity‐based chronic disease” (ABCD) that reflects disease pathophysiology and specific complications causing morbidity and mortality.MethodsA coding system based on the diagnosis of ABCD with four domains is proposed: A codes reflect pathophysiology, B codes indicate BMI classification, C codes specify specific biomechanical and cardiovascular complications remediable by weight loss, and D codes indicate the degree of the severity of complications. Supplemental codes identify aggravating factors that complicate care and that are relevant to a personalized therapeutic plan.ResultsThe coding system addresses pathophysiology and therapeutic goals and differential risk, presence, and severity of specific complications that are integral to ABCD as a chronic disease.ConclusionsThe scientifically correct and medically actionable approach to diagnosis and disease coding will lead to greater acknowledgement of ABCD as a disease and accessibility to evidence‐based therapies on behalf of patients across the life cycle.
Heterogeneous Effects of Early Algebra across California Middle Schools
Authors: McEachin Andrew , Domina Thurston , Penner Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow should schools assign students to more rigorous math courses so as best to help their academic outcomes? We identify several hundred California middle schools that used 7th‐grade test scores to place students into 8th‐grade algebra courses and use a regression discontinuity design to estimate average impacts and heterogeneity across schools. Enrolling in 8th‐grade algebra boosts students’ enrollment in advanced math in ninth grade by 30 percentage points and eleventh grade by 16 percentage points. Math scores in tenth grade rise by 0.05 standard deviations. Women, students of color, and English‐language learners benefit disproportionately from placement into early algebra. Importantly, the benefits of 8th‐grade algebra are substantially larger in schools that set their eligibility threshold higher in the baseline achievement distribution. This suggests a potential tradeoff between increased access and rates of subsequent math success.