bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease detection methodologies in relapsed B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Opportunities for improvement
Authors: Shalabi Haneen , Yuan Constance M. , Kulshreshtha Amita , Dulau‐Florea Alina , Salem Dalia , Gupta Gaurav K. , Roth Mark , Filie Armando C. , Yates Bonnie , Delbrook Cindy , Derdak Joanne , Mackall Crystal L. , Lee Daniel W. , Fry Terry J. , Wayne Alan S. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Shah Nirali N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccurate disease detection is integral to risk stratification in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The gold standard used to evaluate response in the United States includes morphologic evaluation and minimal residual disease (MRD) testing of aspirated bone marrow (BM) by flow cytometry (FC). This MRD assessment is usually made on a single aspirate sample that is subject to variability in collection techniques and sampling error. Additionally, central nervous system (CNS) assessments for ALL include evaluations of cytopathology and cell counts, which can miss subclinical involvement.ProcedureWe retrospectively compared BM biopsy, aspirate, and FC samples obtained from children and young adults with relapsed/refractory ALL to identify the frequency and degree of disease discrepancies in this population. We also compared CNS FC and cytopathology techniques.ResultsSixty of 410 (14.6%) BM samples had discrepant results, 41 (10%) of which were clinically relevant as they resulted in a change in the assignment of marrow status. Discrepant BM results were found in 28 of 89 (31.5%) patients evaluated. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FC identified disease in 9.7% of cases where cytopathology was negative.ConclusionsThese results support further investigation of the role of concurrent BM biopsy, with aspirate and FC evaluations, and the addition of FC to CSF evaluations, to fully assess disease status and response, particularly in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. Prospective studies incorporating more comprehensive analysis to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes are warranted.
Pure pediatric ovarian immature teratomas: The French experience
Authors: Pavone Rossana , Dijoud Frederique , Galmiche Louise , Ro Vathanaksambath , Hameury Frederic , Sarnacki Sabine , Orbach Daniel , Briandet Claire , Pasquet Maryline , Bertrand Amandine , Fresneau Brice , Faure‐Conter Cécile 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe characteristics and outcome of pediatric ovarian immature teratomas (IT) to better define the place of chemotherapy.MethodsChildren with ovarian IT enrolled in TGM95 and TGM2013 studies were analyzed. Norris grading and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system were used.ResultsThirty‐six cases were identified with a median age of 11 years (range = 1‐18): 35 of 36 stage I (17 stage IA, 13 stage IC, and 5 stage IX), including seven patients with gliomatosis peritonei (GP), and 1 stage IIIB (IT peritoneal implants). Centrally reviewed Norris grading was performed in 31 cases: 14 grade I and 17 grade II/III tumors. All patients underwent upfront surgery: 19 unilateral oophorectomy, 14 unilateral adnexectomy, 2 unilateral cystectomy, and 1 bilateral cystectomy. No extensive GP surgery was performed. Six patients received adjuvant vinblastin, bleomycin, and cisplatinum because of tumor rupture (n = 5, including two patients with GP) or stage III (n = 1). After a median follow‐up of 39.5 months (range = 6‐238), two events occurred 10 and 11 months after diagnosis: one bilateralization (initial stage IX, grade I) and one IT peritoneal relapse (initial stage IA, grade II), respectively. Both were successfully rescued by platinum‐based chemotherapy and delayed surgery. No stage IC patients treated without adjuvant chemotherapy relapsed (four grade I and three grade III). None of the seven patients with GP progressed. Five‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were 94% (95% CI = 81‐98%) and 100%.ConclusionsThe current series confirms the excellent prognosis of pediatric ovarian IT, arguing for conservative surgical approach in GP and against systematic adjuvant chemotherapy, even in ruptured tumors.
Ruxolitinib salvage therapy is effective for steroid‐refractory graft‐versus‐host disease in children: A single‐center experience
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gülsün , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda , Kılıç Suar Çakı , Yalçın Koray , Çelen Safiye Suna , Hazar Volkan , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing performance of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation over the last decades, graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of ruxolitinib against GVHD has been demonstrated in adult studies; however, very few studies have been conducted in children.ProcedureThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ruxolitinib in 29 children with steroid‐refractory acute or chronic GVHD. Twenty‐five (87%) patients received at least three different immune modulator agents, including methylprednisolone, before initiating ruxolitinib.ResultsAll grade 2 acute GVHD patients completely responded to ruxolitinib treatment; 82% of high‐grade (3‐4) acute GVHD patients and 80% of chronic GVHD (moderate‐severe) patients had at least a partial response. Of seven patients with bronchiolitis obliterans, five had a partial response after ruxolitinib. Of 29 patients, 22 were administered steroids at any time in the first month of acute GVHD or the first three months of chronic GVHD during ruxolitinib usage, which was significantly tapered by the end of the observation period.ConclusionSteroid‐refractory acute and chronic pediatric GVHD patients treated with ruxolitinib had a high overall response rate, with the additional benefit of steroid sparing.
A new longipinane ketone from Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis.: chemical transformation of the essential oil enables the identification of a minor constituent
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Ristić Milenko N. , Dekić Vidoslav S. , Dekić Biljana R. , Ristić Novica R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionMinor plant constituents are difficult to identify due to the challenging isolation and acquiring of reliable spectral data. Essential oils abound in such minor constituents that might be of high importance for their (e.g. olfactory) properties. The presence of new minor constituents is usually inferred from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses that provide only a mass spectrum and retention data, which are insufficient to allow a positive identification.ObjectiveTo identify a minor unknown constituent of the essential oil of Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. (Asteraceae).MethodologyThe application of chemical transformations (oxidation and reduction) performed directly on crude essential‐oil samples, followed by preparative chromatography and detailed spectral analysis, to identify a new longipinane ketone from the mentioned sample.ResultsGC‐MS analyses of the essential oil revealed, among other constituents, the presence of a known rare longipinane alcohol (α‐longipinen‐7β‐ol) representing 2.5% of the total GC‐peak areas, and a related unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene (3.8%). Interpretation of their mass spectra led to an assumption that the unidentified one could represent α‐longipinen‐7‐one. Oxidation of the entire essential‐oil sample by pyridinium chlorochromate confirmed the assumed relationship among the compounds and gave a simplified enriched mixture containing the ketone (ca. 16%). A straightforward chromatographic separation of the ketone was followed by corroboration of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (one‐ and two‐dimensional), infrared (IR) and MS.ConclusionsThe complementing use of chemical transformations of crude essential oils, chromatographic separations, and detailed spectral analysis could have a more general application in the identification of new natural products.
Utility of chromosomal microarray for diagnosis in cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis
Authors: Mardy Anne H. , Rangwala Naseem , Hernandez‐Cruz Yessenia , Gosnell Kristen A. , Gonzalez Juan M. , Norton Mary E. , Sparks Teresa N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeChromosomal microarray (CMA) is recommended in the diagnostic evaluation of cases with fetal structural anomalies when invasive testing is pursued. However, the utility of CMA for nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) specifically is not well known. Our objective was to describe the overall yield of CMA in the diagnostic evaluation of NIHF, comparing isolated cases to those with concurrent structural anomalies.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all prenatally diagnosed NIHF cases evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco from 2008 to 2018. NIHF due to twin‐twin transfusion syndrome was excluded.ResultsThere were 131 cases of prenatally diagnosed NIHF. In 43/44 cases with a CMA performed, results were categorized as normal or likely benign. One case was found on CMA to have a large pathogenic duplication of 21p11.2q22.3, which could have been detected by karyotype and was consistent with a diagnosis of Down syndrome. There was no incremental yield demonstrated for CMA over karyotype.ConclusionsAmong a cohort of prenatally diagnosed NIHF cases, CMA did not identify any copy number variants beyond those detectable by karyotype, and the vast majority of CMAs were normal. These results suggest that CMA has low diagnostic utility for NIHF.
Outcome of fetal echogenic bowel: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: D'Amico Alice , Buca Danilo , Rizzo Giuseppe , Khalil Asma , Silvi Claudia , Makatsariya Alexander , Nappi Luigi , Liberati Marco , D'Antonio Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this systematic review was to explore the outcome of fetuses with isolated echogenic bowel (EB) on antenatal ultrasound. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies with isolated EB no associated major structural anomalies at the time of diagnosis. The outcomes observed were: chromosomal anomalies, cystic fibrosis (CF), associated structural anomalies detected only at follow‐up scans and at birth, regression during pregnancy, congenital infections, intra‐uterine (IUD), neonatal (NND) and perinatal (PND) death. Twenty‐five studies (12 971 fetuses) were included. Chromosomal anomalies occurred in 3.3% of the fetuses, mainly Trisomy 21 and aneuploidies involving the sex chromosomes. Cystic fibrosis occurred in 2.2%. Congenital infections affected 2.2%, mainly congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The majority of fetuses with EB experienced regression or disappearance of the EB at follow‐up scans. Associated anomalies were detected at a follow‐up scan in 1.8%. Associated anomalies were detected at birth and missed at ultrasound in 2.1% of cases. IUD occurred in 3.2% of cases while the corresponding figures for NND and PND were 0.4% and 3.1%. Fetuses with EB are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome, highlighting the need for a thorough antenatal management and postnatal follow‐up. Assessment during pregnancy and after birth should be performed in order to look for signs of fetal aneuploidy, congenital infections and associated structural anomalies.
Carrier transport and surface potential over phase variations in the surface and bulk of highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
Authors: Kim Juran , Kim Jayeong , Ko Eunji , Yoon Seokhyun , Sim Jun‐Hyoung , Yang Kee‐Jeong , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Kang Jin‐Kyu , Song Yu Jin , Jeon Chan‐Wook , Jo William 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin films with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.3% at their surface and interface. The structural and electrical properties were locally investigated, using scanning probe microscopy and micro‐Raman scattering, to improve the performance of kesterite solar cells. Interestingly, this research reports quite different results from the conventional kesterite solar cells, owing to the observance of undesirable voids and secondary phases. Nonetheless, the solar cells exhibit a high PCE of over 12%. Thus, we probe the kesterite solar cells as a function of the depth and introduce a mechanical dimple‐etching process. The relatively low melting temperature of the pure‐metal precursors results in the unique properties within the solar cell materials. Understanding these phenomena and their effects on carrier behavior enables the achievement of a higher PCE and better performance for kesterite solar cells.
Supporting the career development of gifted students: New role and function for school psychologists
Authors: Smith Carol Klose , Wood Susannah M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe American ethos that you can be whatever you want to be has not always been a helpful adage for gifted students. Gifted students require career counseling to understand the world of work, and to identify their interests and values in addition to their already‐identified talents. Academic planning and career development for gifted students is an important and complex process that requires thoughtful consideration. School psychologists have the skills and abilities to provide valuable career development services to gifted students. The authors explore the unique challenges and career development needs of gifted students and provide suggestions for interventions.
Removing the Hidden Data Dependency of DIA with Predicted Spectral Libraries
Authors: Van Puyvelde Bart , Willems Sander , Gabriels Ralf , Daled Simon , De Clerck Laura , Vande Casteele Sofie , Staes An , Impens Francis , Deforce Dieter , Martens Lennart , Degroeve Sven , Dhaenens Maarten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractData‐independent acquisition (DIA) generates comprehensive yet complex mass spectrometric data, which imposes the use of data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) libraries for deep peptide‐centric detection. Here, it is shown that DIA can be redeemed from this dependency by combining predicted fragment intensities and retention times with narrow window DIA. This eliminates variation in library building and omits stochastic sampling, finally making the DIA workflow fully deterministic. Especially for clinical proteomics, this has the potential to facilitate inter‐laboratory comparison.
Determinants of severe exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in Nigerian children with asthma
Authors: Kuti Bankole Peter , Kuti Demilade Kehinde , Teague Williams G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeAsthmatics with severe exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are at high risk of exacerbations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, phenotypic, and laboratory determinants of severe EIB in Nigerian children with asthma.MethodsChildren with controlled asthma (n = 101) underwent characterization and free‐running exercise bronchoprovocation at a center in Nigeria. Lung function was measured before, then 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after 6 to 8 minutes exercise. Severe EIB was defined as ≥50% decrease in forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) from preexercise. Serum vitamin D and total antioxidant capacity were measured chromatographically. Factors predicting severe EIB were tested by logistic regression.ResultThe sample was enriched in children with corticosteroid‐naïve, mild intermittent asthma (71%). Thirteen percent had no EIB, 22% had severe and 65% nonsevere EIB. Children with severe EIB had higher preexercise FVC (105% vs 96%; P = .03) and FEV1 (98% vs 90%; P = .07), greater obesity (13.6% vs 1.3%; P = .02), more allergic rhinitis (AR) (63.6% vs 35.4%; P = .03), but less exposure to household pets (31.8% vs 72.2%; P = .003) compared to children with nonsevere EIB. Significant determinants (odds ratios/confidence intervals) for severe EIB were obesity = 12.3 (1.2‐125.1), AR = 3.18 (1.19‐8.52), blood eosinophilia = 1.005 (1.001‐1.009), and hypovitaminosis D = 0.87 (0.81‐0.93).ConclusionIn Nigerian children with asthma, severe EIB is common and associated with remediable comorbidities including type 2 pattern inflammation and vitamin D deficiency.
Role of a noncanonical disulfide bond in the stability, affinity, and flexibility of a VHH specific for the Listeria virulence factor InlB
Authors: Mendoza Matthew N. , Jian Mike , King Moeko T. , Brooks Cory L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA distinguishing feature of camel (Camelus dromedarius) VHH domains are noncanonical disulfide bonds between CDR1 and CDR3. The disulfide bond may provide an evolutionary advantage, as one of the cysteines in the bond is germline encoded. It has been hypothesized that this additional disulfide bond may play a role in binding affinity by reducing the entropic penalty associated with immobilization of a long CDR3 loop upon antigen binding. To examine the role of a noncanonical disulfide bond on antigen binding and the biophysical properties of a VHH domain, we have used the VHH R303, which binds the Listeria virulence factor InlB as a model. Using site directed mutagenesis, we produced a double mutant of R303 (C33A/C102A) to remove the extra disulfide bond of the VHH R303. Antigen binding was not affected by loss of the disulfide bond, however the mutant VHH displayed reduced thermal stability (Tm = 12°C lower than wild‐type), and a loss of the ability to fold reversibly due to heat induced aggregation. X‐ray structures of the mutant alone and in complex with InlB showed no major changes in the structure. B‐factor analysis of the structures suggested that the loss of the disulfide bond elicited no major change on the flexibility of the CDR loops, and revealed no evidence of loop immobilization upon antigen binding. These results suggest that the noncanonical disulfide bond found in camel VHH may have evolved to stabilize the biophysical properties of the domain, rather than playing a significant role in antigen binding.
de Sitter Conjectures in Supergravity
Authors: Ferrara Sergio , Tournoy Magnus , Van Proeyen Antoine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSupergravity theories at allow to formulate the Swampland de Sitter conjectures in the complex field space of scalar components of chiral multiplets. We formulate the refined de Sitter conjecture by using the Kähler invariant ‐function and explore a class of models in the Landscape/Swampland scenario which obey and/or violate such conjectures. Furthermore we give a new construction of exponential potentials in supergravity. These depend on a chiral superfield with a Kähler potential parametrizing an geometry. We show that the construction allows for modifications to supergravity theories causing them to obey the de Sitter conjectures.
The F1534C voltage‐sensitive sodium channel mutation confers 7‐ to 16‐fold resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Fan Yinjun , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent outbreaks of dengue and Zika have emphasized the importance to effectively control Aedes aegypti, which vectors the viruses causing these diseases. Pyrethroid insecticides are primarily used to control adult A. aegypti, especially during disease outbreaks. However, pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti is an increasing problem. Mutations in the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) are a common mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. The F1534C mutation is common and distributed globally in A. aegypti populations, but previous studies disagree about the role of this mutation in conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.RESULTSWe isolated a congenic strain (1534C:ROCK) which was closely related to a susceptible strain Rockefeller (ROCK), but was homozygous for the 1534C Vssc allele. We determined resistance levels against eight insecticides that target the VSSC: six pyrethroids, DDT and DCJW (the bioactivated metabolite of indoxacarb). The resistance levels ranged from 7‐ to 16‐fold, and resistance was inherited as an incompletely recessive trait. We also found a novel 367I+1520I+1534C allele, in addition to the 1534C and 1520I+1534C alleles, in mosquitoes from Thailand. The T1520I mutation did not increase pyrethroid resistance beyond what was conferred by the F1534C mutation alone.CONCLUSIONThe F1534C Vssc mutation is common in A. aegypti populations and confers 7‐ to 16‐fold resistance to pyrethroids, DDT, and DCJW in Aedes aegypti. These resistance levels are considerably less than previously reported for the S989P+V1016G mutations. Our results provide useful information for resistance management, specifically the levels of resistance conferred by the most common Vssc mutation in A. aegypti. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The quest for socio‐economic rights: The rule of law and violent protest in South Africa
Authors: Klaasen Abraham 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocio‐economic protests in South Africa are increasingly violent with citizens demanding their constitutionally guaranteed rights whilst ignoring the rule of law. The weakening of the rule of law holds serious implications for democracy in South Africa. This paper explores the rule of law, socio‐economic rights and violent protest in South Africa. The realisation of socio‐economic rights, the reasons for violent protest and the weakening of the rule of law are investigated. Two conventional methodologies for strengthening the rule of law, the institutional approach and the neocultural interventionist approach, are explored. This paper argues that violent citizen protest highlights the urgent need for reform to strengthen the rule of law in South Africa. Such reform can be found in the acknowledgment that the realisation of socio‐economic rights form part of the substantive components of the rule of law. This acknowledgment allows for an integrated and problem‐solving approach to the rule of law; focusing on problems experienced by end users of the law system. A problem‐solving approach to strengthening the rule of law allows the courts, legal scholars and legal practitioners to provide opportunities for communities to realise socio‐economic rights and thereby fulfilling the substantive components of the rule of law.
Universal inelastic electron scattering cross‐section including extrinsic and intrinsic excitations in XPS
Authors: Gnacadja Eustache , Pauly Nicolas , Tougaard Sven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe high importance of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in surface analysis is well established. In XPS, the shape of the measured peaks is affected by two classes of energy loss: extrinsic losses because of the transport of photoelectrons in the matter and intrinsic losses because of the sudden creation of the static core hole. In order to perform a quantitative, comprehensive determination of the zero‐energy loss spectrum, a systematic and physically meaningful background subtraction method must be used. In this paper, we propose a universal analytical expression to model the energy loss cross section of the emitted photoelectrons for transition metals and their oxides. The proposed expression is a generalization of the well‐known Tougaard's universal inelastic scattering cross section to also account for the intrinsic losses. We demonstrate the use of this to determine the primary excitation spectra of several transition metals and their oxides, and we compare the results with a more accurate calculation based on the dielectric response model for XPS.