bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Selfies and Filtered Selfies and Effects on First Impressions
Authors: Cristel Robert T , Dayan Steven H , Akinosun Moriyike , Russell Parker T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Selfies and filtered selfies are becoming more prevalent throughout society and in the facial plastic surgery clinic. The term “Snapchat dysmorphia” has been used to describe patients seeking procedures to look like their selfie or filtered selfie. This is particularly frequent in the Millennial population, aged 22 to 37 years.

Objectives
The authors sought to determine the effects on first impression from different photograph types: selfies, filtered selfies, a rear-facing smartphone camera, and a digital camera (DC). We hypothesize that the DC photographs will have the highest rated first impressions among evaluators despite the popularity of selfies and filtered selfies.

Methods
This study included 240 evaluators and 4 patients each completing the 4 different photograph types. The evaluators completed a survey rating first impression on various measures of success for each photograph type.

Results
A total of 960 first impressions were recorded for each of the 8 subscales, yielding 7680 individual assessments of first impression. The DC photograph was found to have the highest first impression scores among the 4 photograph types. There was no statistical difference between selfies and filtered selfies. The rear-facing smartphone camera received the lowest first impression scores.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the standard DC photograph taken during a preoperative consultation has higher first impressions than selfies or filtered selfies. Although “Snapchat dysmorphia” may continue to be a growing trend in the near future, our findings provide important information to discuss with patients in the preoperative visit to set realistic expectations.
A computational platform to identify origins of replication sites in eukaryotes
Authors: Dao Fu-Ying , Lv Hao , Zulfiqar Hasan , Yang Hui , Su Wei , Gao Hui , Ding Hui , Lin Hao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The locations of the initiation of genomic DNA replication are defined as origins of replication sites (ORIs), which regulate the onset of DNA replication and play significant roles in the DNA replication process. The study of ORIs is essential for understanding the cell-division cycle and gene expression regulation. Accurate identification of ORIs will provide important clues for DNA replication research and drug development by developing computational methods. In this paper, the first integrated predictor named iORI-Euk was built to identify ORIs in multiple eukaryotes and multiple cell types. In the predictor, seven eukaryotic (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Pichia pastoris, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Kluyveromyces lactis) ORI data was collected from public database to construct benchmark datasets. Subsequently, three feature extraction strategies which are k-mer, binary encoding and combination of k-mer and binary were used to formulate DNA sequence samples. We also compared the different classification algorithms’ performance. As a result, the best results were obtained by using support vector machine in 5-fold cross-validation test and independent dataset test. Based on the optimal model, an online web server called iORI-Euk (http://lin-group.cn/server/iORI-Euk/) was established for the novel ORI identification.
Natural and sexual selection shape the evolution of colour and conspicuousness in North American wood-warblers (Parulidae)
Authors: Simpson Richard K , Mistakidis Allison F , Doucet Stéphanie M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural and sexual selection drive colour evolution in animals. However, these different selective forces are often studied independently or without considering environmental variation. We evaluated the roles of natural and sexual selection together on colour evolution in 15 sympatric wood-warbler species, while considering the influence of variation in the light environment and visual background. We tested the influence of each selective pressure on male and female coloration and contrast against the background using avian visual models in phylogenetically controlled analyses. We found natural and sexual selection simultaneously driving cryptic and conspicuous plumage in males by acting on different body regions. For example, we found that ground-nesting species had males with conspicuous under-body plumage and cryptic upper-body plumage, showing how natural and sexual selection can drive colour evolution concordantly. We also found interesting relationships with female plumage, such as nest predation positively covarying with female contrast against the background, suggesting a cost to female conspicuousness. Our findings here showcase the complexity of selection on coloration and illustrate the importance of: (1) accounting for environmental variation when assessing how natural and sexual selection drive colour evolution; and (2) testing how multiple selection pressures are shaping colour diversity among species.
Decline in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Progress to HCV Microelimination in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Garvey Lucy J , Cooke Graham S , Smith Colette , Stingone Christoph , Ghosh Indrajit , Dakshina Subathira , Jain Lakshmi , Waters Laura J , Mahungu Tabitha , Ferro Filippo , Sood Chandni , Freeman Carolyn , Phillips Clare , Dhairyawan Rageshri , Burholt Ruth , Sharp Harriet , Ullah Sadna , Gilleece Yvonne , Brown Ashley , Orkin Chloe , Rodger Alison , Bhagani Sanjay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundModeling of the London hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in men who have sex with men (MSM) and are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suggested that early access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment may reduce incidence. With high rates of linkage to care, microelimination of HCV within MSM living with HIV may be realistic ahead of 2030 World Health Organization targets. We examined trends in HCV incidence in the pre- and post-DAA eras for MSM living with HIV in London and Brighton, United Kingdom.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at 5 HIV clinics in London and Brighton between 2013 and 2018. Each site reported all acute HCV episodes during the study period. Treatment timing data were collected. Incidence rates and reinfection proportion were calculated.ResultsA total of378 acute HCV infections were identified, comprising 292 first infections and 86 reinfections. Incidence rates of acute HCV in MSM living with HIV peaked at 14.57/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.95–18.20) in 2015. Rates fell to 4.63/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 2.60 to 6.67) by 2018. Time from diagnosis to starting treatment declined from 29.8 (2013) to 3.7 months (2018).ConclusionsWe observed a 78% reduction in the incidence of first HCV episode and a 68% reduction in overall HCV incidence since the epidemic peak in 2015, which coincides with wider access to DAAs in England. Further interventions to reduce transmission, including earlier access to treatment and for reinfection, are likely needed for microelimination to be achieved in this population.
Concurrent Initiation of Hepatitis C and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Rosenthal Elana S , Silk Rachel , Mathur Poonam , Gross Chloe , Eyasu Rahwa , Nussdorf Laura , Hill Kristi , Brokus Christopher , D’Amore Aaron , Sidique Nadeera , Bijole Phyllis , Jones Miriam , Kier Randy , McCullough Dana , Sternberg David , Stafford Kristen , Sun Junfeng , Masur Henry , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Kattakuzhy Sarah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
People who inject drugs have a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and significant disease associated with drug use; however, HCV treatment often occurs in absence of interventions to address opioid use disorder and drug use–related harms. The impact of concurrent initiation of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) on HCV treatment and drug use outcomes is unknown.

Methods
In this prospective, open-label, observational trial at a harm reduction organization’s drop-in center in Washington, DC, 100 patients with chronic HCV infection, opioid use disorder, and ongoing injection drug use were treated with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for 12-weeks and offered buprenorphine initiation. The primary end point was sustained virologic response (SVR), and secondary end points included uptake of and retention in OAT, change in risk behavior, and determinants of SVR.

Results
Eighty-two patients (82%) achieved SVR, which was not associated with baseline OAT status (P = .33), on-treatment drug use (P &gt;.99), or imperfect daily adherence (P = .35) but was significantly associated with completing 2 or more 28-pill bottles of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (P &lt; .001) and receiving OAT at week 24 (P = .01). Of 67 patients not already receiving OAT at baseline, 53 (79%) started OAT. At week 24, 68 (68%) patients were receiving OAT. Receipt of OAT was associated with fewer opiate-positive urine drug screens (P = .003), lower human immunodeficiency virus risk-taking behavior scores (P &lt; .001), and lower rates of opioid overdose (P = .04).

Conclusions
The Novel Model of Hepatitis C Treatment as an Anchor to Prevent HIV, Initiate Opioid Agonist Therapy, and Reduce Risky Behavior study demonstrates high uptake of buprenorphine collocated with HCV treatment, and it shows that concurrent initiation of OAT with HCV treatment can result in high rates of SVR while reducing risks associated with drug use.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03221309.
Extensive Hospital In-Ward Clustering Revealed By Molecular Characterization of Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Sansone Martina , Andersson Maria , Gustavsson Lars , Andersson Lars-Magnus , Nordén Rickard , Westin Johan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Nosocomial transmission of influenza A virus (InfA) infection is not fully recognized. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of hospitalized patients with InfA infections during an entire season and to investigate in-ward transmission at a large, acute-care hospital.

Methods
During the 2016–17 season, all hospitalized patients ≥18 years old with laboratory-verified (real-time polymerase chain reaction) InfA were identified. Cases were characterized according to age; sex; comorbidity; antiviral therapy; viral load, expressed as cycle threshold values; length of hospital stay; 30-day mortality; and whether the InfA infection met criteria for a health care–associated influenza A infection (HCAI). Respiratory samples positive for InfA that were collected at the same wards within 7 days were chosen for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and a phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect clustering. For reference, concurrent InfA strains from patients with community-acquired infection were included.

Results
We identified a total of 435 InfA cases, of which 114 (26%) met the HCAI criteria. The overall 30-day mortality rate was higher among patients with HCAI (9.6% vs 4.6% among non-HCAI patients), although the difference was not statistically significant in a multivariable analysis, where age was the only independent risk factor for death (P &lt; .05). We identified 8 closely related clusters (involving ≥3 cases) and another 10 pairs of strains, supporting in-ward transmission.

Conclusions
We found that the in-ward transmission of InfA occurs frequently and that HCAI may have severe outcomes. WGS may be used for outbreak investigations, as well as for evaluations of the effects of preventive measures.
Low first-year apparent survival of passerines in abandoned fields in northwestern Russia
Authors: Shitikov Dmitry , Grudinskaya Viktoria , Makarova Tatiana , Vaytina Tatiana , Fedotova Svetlana , Samsonov Stanislav , Grabovsky Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirst-year survival probability of migratory passerines during the period between fledging and first reproduction is a highly variable parameter that has a major effect on population dynamics. We used a long-term mark–recapture dataset (2002–2018) to examine first-year survival of 3 passerine species breeding in abandoned agricultural fields of northwestern Russia: Booted Warbler (Iduna caligata), Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra), and Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). We banded 3,457 nestlings, including 1,363 Booted Warblers, 1,699 Whinchats, and 395 Western Yellow Wagtails, and resighted 12 Booted Warblers, 29 Whinchats, and 13 Western Yellow Wagtails in the year after fledging. We evaluated first-year apparent survival rates using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models in MARK program within the multispecies approach. We tested effect of fledge date on the first-year apparent survival. In all focal species, first-year apparent survival rates were low and reached the lower limits known for migratory passerines. We found no differences in first-year survival rates among the 3 species: the estimated average first-year apparent survival rate of all species was 0.05 ± 0.01. The fledge date had a considerable impact on first-year survival rate: later fledge dates negatively affected first-year survival. We suggest that first-year apparent survival rates in our study were low due to low natal philopatry and high mortality in the post-fledging period. Low apparent first-year survival may be a specific feature of open-nesting birds breeding in abandoned fields that are low-quality habitats because of high predation pressure.
Class A1 scavenger receptor prevents obesity-associated blood pressure elevation through suppressing overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor B in macrophages
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Wang Yan , Zhu Liu , Zhu Ye , Zhang Kun , Wang Lei , Bai Hui , Yang Qing , Ben Jingjing , Zhang Hanwen , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Yong , Chen Qi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Dysfunctional innate immune function and inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated hypertension, in which macrophage infiltration in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a key role. However, the mechanisms behind it are not well understood. Class A1 scavenger receptor (SR-A1) is one of the major pattern recognition receptors in modulating macrophage activity, and here, we aimed to investigate its role in obesity-associated hypertension.

Methods and results
Both diet-induced and genetic obesity were generated in mice. Deficiency in SR-A1 aggravated the obesity-induced blood pressure (BP) elevation and endothelial dysfunction in mice. The BP-elevating effect of SR-A1 deficiency was blocked by the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) in obese mice. Overexpression of VEGF-B raised BP in the obese mice but not in normal mice. Administration of fucoidan, a ligand of SR-A1, lowered BP, and VEGF-B levels in Sr-a1+/+ but not in Sr-a1−/− obese mice.

Conclusion
These results reveal a new link between PVAT and vascular biology in obesity orchestrated by the SR-A1/VEGF-B axis in macrophages. SR-A1 and VEGF-B may be promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension.
Is myocardial revascularization really necessary in patients with ≥50% but &lt;70% coronary stenosis undergoing valvular surgery?
Authors: Del Forno Benedetto , Ascione Guido , Lapenna Elisabetta , Trumello Cinzia , Ruggeri Stefania , Belluschi Igor , Verzini Alessandro , Iaci Giuseppe , Ferrara David , Schiavi Davide , Meneghin Roberta , Castiglioni Alessandro , Alfieri Ottavio , De Bonis Michele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate and mid-term effects of omitting coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with moderate coronary artery stenosis who have a primary indication for valvular surgery.

METHODS
We included 77 consecutive patients admitted to our Institution for aortic or mitral valve surgery between June 2012 and June 2017 in whom a de novo diagnosis of ≥50%, but &lt;70% coronary stenosis was made. In this cohort, the myocardial revascularization was omitted. All these patients were free from angina and ischaemia on echo and ECG.

RESULTS
There were no in-hospital deaths. In only 1 patient, acute myocardial infarction occurred postoperatively, which was immediately treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The 6-year overall survival was 94.7 ± 2.59%. At 6 years, no cardiac deaths were recorded. At follow-up, 4 patients underwent elective PCI after a positive stress myocardial perfusion test. Only 1 patient underwent urgent PCI due to acute coronary syndrome. At 6 years, the cumulative incidence function of PCI, with death as competing risk, was 8 ± 3.9%.

CONCLUSIONS
In our experience, moderate coronary stenosis, occasionally discovered at the time of valvular heart surgery, can be safely overlooked and do not need any further treatment at follow-up in the majority of cases. Our results open up the opportunity to apply this ‘intentional omission strategy’ in different situations, such as minimally invasive heart surgery, percutaneous procedures and complex patients.
Timing of pulmonary valve replacement in patients with corrected Fallot to prevent QRS prolongation
Authors: Romeo Jamie L R , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Cuypers Judith A A E , de Groot Natasha M S , van de Woestijne Pieter , Bruining Nico , Bogers Ad J J C , Mokhles M Mostafa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) remains one of the most heavily debated topics in congenital cardiac surgery. We aimed to analyse the temporal evolution of QRS duration before and after PVR.

METHODS
We included 158 consecutive patients who underwent PVR after previous correction with transannular patch. All 3549 available serial standard 12-lead surface QRS measurements of 158 (100%) patients were analysed with linear mixed-effect modelling.

RESULTS
PVR was performed at a mean age of 28.0 ± 10.7 years, 23.4 ± 8.4 years after correction. Hospital survival was 98.1%. A longer time interval between ToF correction and PVR (P &lt; 0.001), and an older age at correction (P = 0.015) were predictive of progressive QRS prolongation after PVR. Women on average had a shorter QRS duration (P = 0.005) after PVR. The model predicted that in patients corrected early (model age 0.5 years), PVR within 17 years after correction leads to narrowing or stabilization of QRS width. PVR beyond 17 years was associated with prolongation of QRS duration. In a patient corrected late (model age 5 years), PVR has to be performed within 15 years after correction to prevent prolongation. Finally, a longer time period between correction and PVR was associated with an increased hazard of cardiac death (hazard ratio 1.097, 95% confidence interval 1.002–1.200).

CONCLUSIONS
Prolongation of QRS duration after PVR was associated with a longer time between correction and PVR, older age at correction and male sex. Prevention of progressive QRS prolongation by earlier PVR can potentially reduce the hazard of adverse events after PVR.
Experimental Insights for International Legal Theory
Authors: van Aaken Anne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Insights from experimental psychology and economics have rarely been applied to the study of international law and never to the study of international legal theory. This article applies them to socio-legal international theory that has grosso modo two important background paradigms with several variants: rationalist and constructivist. In both paradigms, the interest in understanding and explaining international law by uncovering causal mechanisms in international cooperation and compliance and in asking how cooperation is sustained in a system as decentralized as international law is paramount. In both, fundamental assumptions regarding the behaviour of actors are made. However, regardless of the theoretical standpoint, both fall short of experimental evidence about their behavioural assumptions. The article uses experimental evidence provided by public good games as a conceptualization of how social order is constructed and upheld in systems without central authority such as international law. It aims to illuminate the behavioural basis of important building blocks of international cooperation and law by discussing the preferences of states and strategic interaction, reciprocity, sanctions, communication and trust as well as consent and legitimacy, reflecting on what the experimental insights teach us on the assumptions of rationalist and constructivist approaches to international legal theory. These experiments are one means to test behavioural assumptions in international legal theory.
Total RNA sequencing reveals multilevel microbial community changes and functional responses to wood ash application in agricultural and forest soil
Authors: Bang-Andreasen Toke , Anwar Muhammad Zohaib , Lanzén Anders , Kjøller Rasmus , Rønn Regin , Ekelund Flemming , Jacobsen Carsten Suhr 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recycling of wood ash from energy production may counteract soil acidification and return essential nutrients to soils. However, wood ash amendment affects soil physicochemical parameters that control composition and functional expression of the soil microbial community. Here, we applied total RNA sequencing to simultaneously assess the impact of wood ash amendment on the active soil microbial communities and the expression of functional genes from all microbial taxa. Wood ash significantly affected the taxonomic (rRNA) as well as functional (mRNA) profiles of both agricultural and forest soil. Increase in pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved organic carbon and phosphate were the most important physicochemical drivers for the observed changes. Wood ash amendment increased the relative abundance of the copiotrophic groups Chitinonophagaceae (Bacteroidetes) and Rhizobiales (Alphaproteobacteria) and resulted in higher expression of genes involved in metabolism and cell growth. Finally, total RNA sequencing allowed us to show that some groups of bacterial feeding protozoa increased concomitantly to the enhanced bacterial growth, which shows their pivotal role in the regulation of bacterial abundance in soil.
Compilation of Escherichia coli K-12 outer membrane phage receptors – their function and some historical remarks
Authors: Hantke Klaus 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Many Escherichia coli phages have been sequenced, but in most cases their sequences alone do not suffice to predict their host specificity. Analysis of phage resistant E. coli K-12 mutants have uncovered a certain set of outer membrane proteins and polysaccharides as receptors. In this review, a compilation of E. coli K12 phage receptors is provided and their functional characterization, often driven by studies on phage resistant mutants, is discussed in the historical context. While great progress has been made in this field thus far, several proteins in the outer membrane still await characterization as phage receptors.
Extracting novel hypotheses and findings from RNA-seq data
Authors: Doughty Tyler , Kerkhoven Eduard 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, improvements in technology and methods have enabled rapid and relatively inexpensive generation of high-quality RNA-seq datasets. These datasets have been used to characterize gene expression for several yeast species and have provided systems-level insights for basic biology, biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we discuss new techniques that have emerged and existing techniques that enable analysts to extract information from multifactorial yeast RNA-seq datasets. Ultimately, this minireview seeks to inspire readers to query datasets, whether previously published or freshly obtained, with creative and diverse methods to discover and support novel hypotheses.