bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newer bronchopulmonary dysplasia definitions and prediction of health economics impacts in very preterm infants
Authors: Kurihara Chie , Zhang Lishi , Mikhael Michel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the abilities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions to predict hospital charges as a surrogate of disease complexity.MethodsRetrospective study of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) less than 32 weeks gestational age. Subjects were classified according to the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (2018), and Jensen BPD definitions as none, mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) BPD. Spearman's correlation was performed to evaluate the association of BPD definitions with health economics outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐eight infants were included with mean birth weight of 1197 g and mean gestational age of 28.4 weeks. More infants were classified as no BPD according to CNN definition (79%) in comparison to NICHD 2018 (64.3%) and Jensen (59.5%) definitions. There were fewer infants as the grade of severity increased for all definitions, this was most linear for Jensen definition with Grade 1 present in 25%, Grade 2 in 12.5%, and Grade 3 in 3%. A stronger correlation with NICU length of stay, NICU hospital charges, NICU charges per day, and first year of life hospital charges was detected for Jensen definition (correlation coefficient of 0.58, 0.66, 0.64, 0.67, respectively) in comparison to CNN and NICHD 2018 definitions (p < .0001).ConclusionJensen BPD definition had the strongest correlation with first year health economics outcomes in our study. Validating recent BPD definitions using population‐based data is imperative to improve family counseling and enhance the designs of quality improvement initiatives and therapeutic research studies targeting patient‐centric outcomes.
Development of a machine learning algorithm for early detection of opioid use disorder
Authors: Segal Zvi , Radinsky Kira , Elad Guy , Marom Gal , Beladev Moran , Lewis Maor , Ehrenberg Bar , Gillis Plia , Korn Liat , Koren Gideon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) affects an estimated 16 million people worldwide. The diagnosis of OUD is commonly delayed or missed altogether. We aimed to test the utility of machine learning in creating a prediction model and algorithm for early diagnosis of OUD.Subjects and methodsWe analyzed data gathered in a commercial claim database from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2018 of 10 million medical insurance claims from 550 000 patient records. We compiled 436 predictor candidates, divided to six feature groups ‐ demographics, chronic conditions, diagnosis and procedures features, medication features, medical costs, and episode counts. We employed the Word2Vec algorithm and the Gradient Boosting trees algorithm for the analysis.ResultsThe c‐statistic for the model was 0.959, with a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.882. Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 0.362 and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 0.998. Significant differences between positive OUD‐ and negative OUD‐ controls were in the mean annual amount of opioid use days, number of overlaps in opioid prescriptions per year, mean annual opioid prescriptions, and annual benzodiazepine and muscle relaxant prescriptions. Notable differences were the count of intervertebral disc disorder‐related complaints per year, post laminectomy syndrome diagnosed per year, and pain disorders diagnosis per year. Significant differences were also found in the episodes and costs categories.ConclusionsThe new algorithm offers a mean 14.4 months reduction in time to diagnosis of OUD, at potential saving in further morbidity, medical cost, addictions and mortality.
Development of ‘multiresistance rice’ by an assembly of herbicide, insect and disease resistance genes with a transgene stacking system
Authors: Li Chuanxu , Zhang Jianguo , Ren Zhiyong , Xie Rong , Yin Changxi , Ma Weihua , Zhou Fei , Chen Hao , Lin Yongjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWeeds, diseases and pests pose serious threats to rice production and cause significant economic losses. Cultivation of rice varieties with resistance to herbicides, diseases and pests is believed to be the most economical and environmentally friendly method to deal with these problems.ResultsIn this study, a highly efficient transgene stacking system was used to assembly the synthetic glyphosate‐tolerance gene (I. variabilis‐EPSPS*), lepidopteran pest resistance gene (Cry1C*), brown planthopper resistance genes (Bph14*andOsLecRK1*), bacterial blight resistance gene (Xa23*) and rice blast resistance gene (Pi9*) onto a transformable artificial chromosome vector. The construct was transferred into ZH11 (a widely usedjaponicarice cultivar Zhonghua 11) viaAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation and ‘multiresistance rice’ (MRR) with desirable agronomic traits was obtained. The results showed that MRR had significantly improved resistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast relative to the recipient cultivar ZH11. Besides, under the natural occurrence of pests and diseases in the field, the yield of MRR was significantly higher than that of ZH11.ConclusionA multigene transformation strategy was employed to successfully develop rice lines with multiresistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast, and the obtained MRR is expected to have great application potential. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Antibacterial mechanism of Biochanin A and its efficacy for the control of Xanthomonas axonopodispv.glycines in soybean
Authors: Hu Kai‐Xuan , Shi Xin‐Chi , Xu Dong , Laborda Pablo , Wu Gui‐Chun , Liu Feng‐Quan , Laborda Pedro , Wang Su‐Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDXanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a hazardous pathogen able to cause bacterial pustule disease in soybean, reducing crop yield and quality. Although flavonoids rutin and genistein are known to play an important role in soybean defence, soybean is only able to produce Biochanin A in low concentration.RESULTSIn this work, Biochanin A was found to produce higher antibacterial activity against Xag in comparison with genistein (minimum inhibitory concentration < 100 μg/mL). Biochanin A was able to inhibit DNA synthesis and flagella formation in Xag, and altered the composition of the bacterial membrane. These effects reduced swimming motility, extracellular protease activity and biofilm formation. Further, Biochanin A was tested for the control of Xag in soybean leaves, showing similar, or even higher, inhibitory ability in comparison with some products commonly used for the control of this pathogen.CONCLUSIONSThe antibacterial properties of Biochanin A against Xag have been studied for the first time, revealing new insights on the potential applications of this isoflavonoid for the management of bacterial pustule disease. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation
Authors: Chen Ming‐Zhu , Cao Li‐Jun , Li Bing‐Yan , Chen Jin‐Cui , Gong Ya‐Jun , Yang Qiong , Schmidt Thomas L , Yue Lei , Zhu Jia‐Ying , Li Hu , Chen Xue‐Xin , Hoffmann Ary Anthony , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a notorious pest of cruciferous plants. In temperate areas, annual populations of DBM originate from adult migrants. However, the source populations and migration trajectories of immigrants remain unclear. Here, we investigated migration trajectories of DBM in China using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped using double‐digest RAD (ddRAD) sequencing. We first analyzed patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure among southern source and northern recipient populations, then inferred migration trajectories into northern regions using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), assignment tests, and spatial kinship patterns.RESULTSTemporal genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating that sources of recipient populations and migration trajectories are stable. Spatial genetic structure indicated three genetic clusters in the southern source populations. Assignment tests linked northern populations to the Sichuan cluster, and central–eastern populations to the southern and Yunnan clusters, indicating that Sichuan populations are sources of northern immigrants and southern and Yunnan populations are sources of central–eastern populations. First‐order (full‐sib) and second‐order (half‐sib) kin pairs were always found within populations, but ~ 35–40% of third‐order (cousin) pairs were found in different populations. Closely related individuals in different populations were found at distances of 900–1500 km in ~ 35–40% of cases, while some were separated by > 2000 km.CONCLUSIONThis study unravels seasonal migration patterns in the DBM. We demonstrate how careful sampling and population genomic analyses can be combined to help understand cryptic migration patterns in insects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐host volatiles disturb the feeding behavior and reduce the fecundity of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Authors: Dardouri Tarek , Gomez Laurent , Ameline Arnaud , Costagliola Guy , Schoeny Alexandra , Gautier Hélène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe association of crops of value with companion plants could be one of the strategies to reduce the harmful effects of pests. We hypothesize that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by some aromatic plants may negatively impact M. persicae, disturbing its feeding behavior and consequently its reproduction.RESULTSVOCs emitted from six potential companion plant species affected the reproduction of M. persicae feeding on pepper plants, Capsicum annuum. Reproduction of M. persicae was reduced when exposed to VOCs from leaves of Ocimum basilicum and flowers of Tagetes patula. Thus, species and phenology of the companion plant can influence the effect. The VOCs from O. basilicum and T. patula also reduced phloem feeding by the aphids based on electropenetrography (EPG).CONCLUSIONThe reduced fecundity of M. persicae could be linked to aphid feeding disruption provoked by the VOCs emitted by O. basilicum in the vegetative stage or T. patula cv. Nana in the flowering stage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A framework for improving the efficiency of operational testing through Bayesian adaptive design
Authors: Sieck Victoria R.C. , Christensen Fletcher G.W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen developing a product, it is important to consider product performance from a user perspective. This type of evaluation can be done through operational testing—assessing the ability of representative users to satisfactorily accomplish tasks with the product in operationally representative environments. This process can be expensive and time‐consuming, but is critical to understanding whether the product can adequately do the job for which it was designed. We show how an existing design of experiments (DOEs) process for operational testing can be leveraged to construct a Bayesian adaptive design. This design, nested within the larger design created by the DOE process, allows interim analyses to stop testing early for success or futility. Representative simulations are presented to demonstrate how these interim analyses can be used in an operational test setting, and reductions in necessary test events are shown. The application of Bayesian‐adaptive design methods will allow future operational testing to be conducted in less time and at less expense, on average, without compromising the ability of the existing process to verify the product meets the user's needs.
Sulfur isotope analysis of cysteine and methionine via preparatory liquid chromatography and elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Phillips Alexandra A. , Wu Fenfang , Sessions Alex L. 
Published: November 2020

RationaleSulfur isotope analysis of organic sulfur‐containing molecules has previously been hindered by challenging preparatory chemistry and analytical requirements for large sample sizes. The natural‐abundance sulfur isotopic compositions of the sulfur‐containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, have therefore not yet been investigated despite potential utility in biomedicine, ecology, oceanography, biogeochemistry, and other fields.MethodsCysteine and methionine were subjected to hot acid hydrolysis followed by quantitative oxidation in performic acid to yield cysteic acid and methionine sulfone. These stable, oxidized products were then separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and verified via offline liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S values) of purified analytes were then measured via combustion elemental analyzer coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). The EA was equipped with a temperature‐ramped chromatographic column and programmable helium carrier flow rates.ResultsOn‐column focusing of SO2 in the EA/IRMS system, combined with reduced He carrier flow during elution, greatly improved sensitivity, allowing precise (0.1–0.3‰ 1 s.d.) δ34S measurements of 1 to 10 μg sulfur. We validated that our method for purification of cysteine and methionine was negligibly fractionating using amino acid and protein standards. Proof‐of‐concept measurements of fish muscle tissue and bacteria demonstrated differences up to 4‰ between the δ34S values of cysteine and methionine that can be connected to biosynthetic pathways.ConclusionsWe have developed a sensitive, precise method for measuring the natural‐abundance sulfur isotopic compositions of cysteine and methionine isolated from biological samples. This capability opens up diverse applications of sulfur isotopes in amino acids and proteins, from use as a tracer in organisms and the environment, to fundamental aspects of metabolism and biosynthesis.
Fault estimation for discrete time‐variant systems subject to actuator and sensor saturations
Authors: Li Yueyang , Liu Shuai , Li Yibin , Zhao Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article studies the H∞ fault estimation (FE) problem for linear discrete time‐variant systems with actuator and sensor saturations. To handle the saturation nonlinearities for FE problem, a pair of an auxiliary linear model and an associated performance function augmenting from the conventional H∞ performance index are constructed. Based on this pair, the original FE problem is readdressed as a two‐step optimization issue with an indefinite quadratic cost function. For a feasible optimization solution, the partial equivalence between a stationary point for a quadratic optimization problem and a projection for vectors in indefinite inner‐product space is utilized. A Krein‐space based inner product interpretation for the indefinite cost function is established and optimal linear estimation technique is employed to derive the stationary point of the aforementioned indefinite quadratic cost function. The existence condition of the fault estimator is explicitly obtained, and the fault is reconstructed analytically via a forward recursion algorithm. Two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed FE scheme.
Diver tracking in open waters: A low‐cost approach based on visual and acoustic sensor fusion
Authors: Remmas Walid , Chemori Ahmed , Kruusmaa Maarja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe design of a robust perception method is a substantial component towards achieving underwater human–robot collaboration. However, in complex environments such as the oceans, perception is still a challenging issue. Data‐fusion of different sensing modalities can improve perception in dynamic and unstructured ocean environments. This study addresses the control of a highly maneuverable autonomous underwater vehicle for diver tracking based on visual and acoustic signals data fusion measured by low‐cost sensors. The underwater vehicle U‐CAT tracks a diver using a 3‐degree‐of‐freedom fuzzy logic Mamdani controller. The proposed tracking approach was validated through open water real‐time experiments. Combining acoustic and visual signals for underwater target tracking provides several advantages compared to previously done related research. The obtained results suggest that the proposed solution ensures effective detection and tracking in poor visibility operating conditions.
In Situ Formation of Mixed‐Dimensional Surface Passivation Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells with Dual‐Isomer Alkylammonium Cations
Authors: Mahmud Md Arafat , Duong The , Yin Yanting , Peng Jun , Wu Yiliang , Lu Teng , Pham Huyen T. , Shen Heping , Walter Daniel , Nguyen Hieu T. , Mozaffari Naeimeh , Tabi Grace Dansoa , Liu Yun , Andersson Gunther , Catchpole Kylie R. , Weber Klaus J. , White Thomas P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDimensional engineering of perovskite solar cells has attracted significant research attention recently because of the potential to improve both device performance and stability. Here, a novel 2D passivation scheme for 3D perovskite solar cells is demonstrated using a mixed cation composition of 2D perovskite based on two different isomers of butylammonium iodide. The dual‐cation 2D perovskite outperforms its single cation 2D counterparts in surface passivation quality, resulting in devices with an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 1.21 V for a perovskite composition with an optical bandgap of ≈1.6 eV, and a champion efficiency of 23.27%. Using a combination of surface elemental analysis and valence electron spectra decomposition, it is shown that an in situ interaction between the 2D perovskite precursor and the 3D active layer results in surface intermixing of 3D and 2D perovskite phases, providing an effective combination of defect passivation and enhanced charge transfer, despite the semi‐insulating nature of the 2D perovskite phase. The demonstration of the synergistic interaction of multiple organic spacer cations in a 2D passivation layer offers new opportunities for further enhancement of device performance with mixed dimensional perovskite solar cells.
Zinc Ion Triggered Controllable Binary/Ternary Memory Conversion Behaviors in Polyimides Containing Pendant Porphyrin Group
Authors: Guo Jiacong , Geng Jianzhao , Tian Guofeng , Ji Deyang , Qi Shengli , Wu Dezhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompared with typical binary polymeric memory materials, functional polymers with ternary memory performance possess significant potential to achieve ultra‐high‐density data storage. The reported ternary memory polymers are normally driven by dual‐mechanism. However, the involved thermodynamically unstable mechanisms (field‐induced conformation change or conductive filament formation/fracture) may result in the poor reliability of memory devices under high‐temperature working atmosphere. Another strategy to realize ternary memory is introducing charge trapping/de‐trapping mechanism by attaching charge trap atom/group at electron donor, which is proved not always effective. Moreover, the synergistic two mechanisms may have difficulty for clarifying the relationship between memory performance and chemical structures, which is the core issue of polymer memory materials. Besides, some multi‐level memory materials need the cooperative participation of artificially setting compliance current, which is the extension of typical binary memory and may cause a more complicated technique and logic circuit. Herein, based on charge‐transfer mechanism, a concise and effective strategy to realize ternary memory application is proposed. By inserting a Zn ion, the charge‐transfer process occurring in electron donors can lead to the novel electrical tri‐stability memory behaviors. This work can provide a novel idea for achieving reliable and intrinsic ternary high‐density data storage applications.
Enhancing CO2 Electrocatalysis on 2D Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets Coupled with Visible‐Light
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zheng Lirong , Yang Deren , Yang Haozhou , Lu Qichen , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Xun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D catalysts combined with single atom sites are promising candidates to promote CO2 reduction performance, but the ability to target stable materials with distinct structure still remains challenging. Herein, a series of single metal atoms anchored 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets (MOF‐NS‐M) with visualized and well‐ordered mesoporous structures are fabricated and exhibit enhanced CO2 reduction activity and selectivity with the assistance of visible‐light. Encouragingly, the CO Faradaic efficiency of MOF‐NS‐Co exceeds 90% in a wide potential window of −0.5 to −1.0 V versus RHE and reaches 98.7% with 100 mV positive shift compared with the result measured under dark. The catalytic kinetics studies show a fast initial electron transfer to CO2 to form *COO−, thanks to the sufficient exposed active sites resulting from the nanosheet nature and adjusted electron transfer pathway caused by the porphyrin photoswitch.
The effective flexural stiffness of segment joints in large‐diameter tunnel under various loading conditions
Authors: Huang Linchong , Huang Shuai , Lai Zhengshou , Liang Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarge‐diameter shield‐driven tunnels are widely adopted in road projects to accommodate the increasing traffic load all over the world. As the diameter of lining ring increases, the jointed segmental lining will be subject to more complex external loading condition, which results in highly nonuniform and nonlinear internal forces. The segment joints, depending on loading condition, would exhibit different mechanical behaviors. An accurate characterization of the effective flexural stiffness of the joints is essential to the accurate evaluation of the lining internal forces. In this work, the mechanical behaviors of the joints are categorized into six different cases, and in each case the effective flexural stiffness of the joints is derived accordingly. To calculate the lining internal forces, the force method equations are first established, with the consideration of various external loading condition (e.g., earth pressure, grout buoyancy force). In the force method equations, the effective joints stiffness is also a variable, which will be adjusted based on the mechanical behavior of the joints. The nonlinear force method equations are then solved by the fixed‐point iteration method. The proposed framework is applied to a large‐diameter shield‐driven tunnel in China. It is found that the joints at different locations exhibit distinct effective flexural stiffness. The joints subject to positive moment exhibit quite greater flexural stiffness than that subject to negative moment. The grout buoyancy force is shown to have significant impact on internal force distribution and deformation of the lining. A field monitoring was carried out on the tunnel segments during the construction, and the monitoring data are in good agreement with the calculation results, which further confirms the correctness of the conclusions mentioned above.