bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pecuniary costs and time costs on choice of healthcare providers among caregivers of febrile children in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Tsukahara Takahiro , Sugahara Takuma , Ogura Seiritsu , Hombhanje Francis Wanak 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
User fees, transportation costs, and time costs impair access to healthcare by rural communities in low and middle income countries. However, effects of time costs on demand for healthcare are less understood than effects of user fees for health providers. In addition, prospective patients might not know about all health services available. This study aims to investigate how the family caregivers of febrile children respond to the pecuniary costs and time costs in their choice of health providers in rural Papua New Guinea.

Methods
Using an original questionnaire, we surveyed households in the catchment area surrounding Dagua Health Center in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, during February–March 2015. We estimated the probability of choosing one among four categories of providers (i.e., the health center, aid posts, village health volunteers [VHVs], or home-treatment) via a mixed logit model in which we restrict alternatives to those for which family caregivers knew cost information.

Results
Of 1173 family caregivers, 96% sought treatment for febrile children from four categories of providers. Almost all knew the location of the health center and a health volunteer, but only 50% knew the location of aid posts. Analysis by discrete choice model showed that pecuniary costs and time costs were inversely associated with the probability of choosing any type of provider. We then changed pecuniary costs and time costs counterfactually to calculate and compare the probability of choosing each provider. Time costs affected the choice more than pecuniary costs, and individual heterogeneity appeared among caregivers with respect to pecuniary costs. When pecuniary or time costs of VHVs are altered, substitution between VHVs and home-treatment appeared.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that policies to increase awareness of aid posts and reduce time costs in addition to treatment fees for each category of healthcare provider could help developing economies to improve access to essential healthcare services.
Low-pressure support vs automatic tube compensation during spontaneous breathing trial for weaning
Authors: Guérin Claude , Terzi Nicolas , Mezidi Mehdi , Baboi Loredana , Chebib Nader , Yonis Hodane , Argaud Laurent , Heunks Leo , Louis Bruno 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
During spontaneous breathing trial, low-pressure support is thought to compensate for endotracheal tube resistance, but it actually should provide overassistance. Automatic tube compensation is an option available in the ventilator to compensate for flow-resistance of endotracheal tube. Its effects on patient effort have been poorly investigated. We aimed to compare the effects of low-pressure support and automatic tube compensation during spontaneous breathing trial on breathing power and lung ventilation distribution.

Results
We performed a randomized crossover study in 20 patients ready to wean. Each patient received both methods for 30 min separated by baseline ventilation: pressure support 0 cmH2O and automatic tube compensation 100% in one period and pressure support 7 cmH2O without automatic tube compensation in the other period, a 4 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure being applied in each. Same ventilator brand (Evita XL, Draeger, Germany) was used. Breathing power was assessed from Campbell diagram with esophageal pressure, airway pressure, flow and volume recorded by a data logger. Lung ventilation distribution was assessed by using electrical impedance tomography (Pulmovista, Draeger, Germany). During the last 2 min of low-pressure support and automatic compensation period breathing power and lung ventilation distribution were measured on each breath. Breathing power generated by the patient’s respiratory muscles was 7.2 (4.4–9.6) and 9.7 (5.7–21.9) J/min in low-pressure support and automatic tube compensation periods, respectively (P = 0.011). Lung ventilation distribution was not different between the two methods.

Conclusions
We found that ATC was associated with higher breathing power than low PS during SBT without altering the distribution of lung ventilation.
Multiplicity of solutions for mean curvature operators with minimum and maximum in Minkowski space
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Wang Suyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions of the quasilinear problems with minimum and maximum$$\begin{aligned}& \bigl(\phi \bigl(u'(t)\bigr)\bigr)'=(Fu) (t),\quad \mbox{a.e. }t\in (0,T), \\& \min \bigl\{ u(t) \mid t\in [0,T]\bigr\} =A, \qquad \max \bigl\{ u(t) \mid t\in [0,T]\bigr\} =B, \end{aligned}$$(ϕ(u′(t)))′=(Fu)(t),a.e. t∈(0,T),min{u(t)∣t∈[0,T]}=A,max{u(t)∣t∈[0,T]}=B,where$\phi :(-a,a)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ϕ:(−a,a)→R($0< a<\infty $0<a<∞) is an odd increasing homeomorphism,$F:C^{1}[0,T]\rightarrow L^{1}[0,T]$F:C1[0,T]→L1[0,T]is an unbounded operator,$T>1$T>1is a constant and$A, B\in \mathbb{R}$A,B∈Rsatisfy$B>A$B>A. By using the Leray–Schauder degree theory and the Brosuk theorem, we prove that the above problem has at least two different solutions.
Dynamic complexity and bifurcation analysis of a host–parasitoid model with Allee effect and Holling type III functional response
Authors: Liu Hua , Zhang Kai , Ye Yong , Wei Yumei , Ma Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on dynamics in a basic discrete-time system of host–parasitoid interaction. We perform local stability analysis of this system. Furthermore, both flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations are also analyzed in the interior of $R_{ +}^{2}$R+2 by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Finally, numerical simulations are deployed to validate our results with theoretical analysis and to exhibit the dynamical behaviors.
A significant proportion of venous thromboembolism events in general surgical patients occurs after discharge: analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Essentials database
Authors: Salous Abdelghaffar K. , Reyad Ashraf , Sweeney Karen , Mavanur Arun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in general surgical patients.

Methods
The ACS-NSQIP database was queried and VTE data were collected and analyzed to assess the incidence of VTE at a 500-bed, non-profit, teaching, inner city, community hospital and similar peer institutions from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2011.

Results
Post-discharge VTE events accounted for 40% of all VTE events within 30 days of discharge. Data show a significant proportion of post-discharge VTE events that may be preventable with extending VTE prophylaxis in the post-discharge period.

Conclusion
This is the first paper to report on this high post-discharge incidence of VTE in general surgical patients and to recommend continuation of VTE prophylaxis in the post-discharge period.
Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review
Authors: Grau-Pujol Berta , Massangaie Marilia , Cano Jorge , Maroto Carmen , Ndeve Alcino , Saute Francisco , Muñoz Jose 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions.

Main text
Mozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified.

Conclusions
This review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.
Attachment to mothers and fathers during middle childhood: an evidence from Polish sample
Authors: Kamza Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMiddle childhood is a significant period of change both for a child’s cognition and social functioning. Considering that the primary developmental theme of attachment in middle childhood is the balance between child’s growing autonomy and the constant need of relatedness, cultural differences in developmental trends in the attachment might be considered as a function of individualism and collectivism orientations. However, little is known about whether the findings on predictors of individual differences in the attachment in middle childhood found in Western cultures, hold within the non-Western ones. Moreover, still little is known about differences between attachment to mothers and fathers in middle childhood. Hence, one goal of the present study was to investigate the role of a child’s age, sex, and emotionality in a middle-childhood attachment to mothers and fathers in the Polish sample. The second aim was to compare obtained results to the attachment research that focused on Western cultures.MethodsThe sample consisted of 132 children aged 8–12 years (51% boys). They completed the Kern’s Security Scale and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Mothers completed a child’s EAS-C and short sociodemographic questionnaire. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to test relationships between a child’s age, sex, emotionality, SES, and attachment-related variables. A paired-samples t-test was used to compare the intensity of preoccupied and avoidant coping strategies with parents in the whole sample. The effects of a child’s age, sex, temperament, and attachment figure were tested with separate repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsSome of the results replicated prior studies conducted in Western cultures. Similarly to the individualistic cultures, older Polish children reported less preoccupied and more avoidant coping strategies with their parents than younger children. Second, older girls reported higher felt-security with their fathers than with mothers, which suggests some significant changes in attachment relationships regarding the child’s sex. However, as opposed to Western cultures, there were no links between the child’s sex and preoccupied and avoidant coping. Polish children also reported higher rates of preoccupied coping than the avoidant one. Finally, children with relatively lower emotionality reported higher attachment security with both parents than children with relatively higher emotionality.ConclusionsThe current study extends previous work on attachment in middle childhood, the area of rather sparse research, as compared to other developmental periods. The findings reveal the existence of both some specificity in the middle-child attachment in the Polish sample, as well as some culture-universal developmental trends. However, as many questions remain unanswered, they also highlight the strong need for future cross-cultural and comparative studies.
NO2 sensing properties of WO3-decorated In2O3 nanorods and In2O3-decorated WO3 nanorods
Authors: Nam Bumhee , Ko Tae-Kyoung , Hyun Soong-Keun , Lee Chongmu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn2O3nanoparticle (NP)-decorated WO3nanorods (NRs) were prepared using sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. The In2O3NRs and WO3NPs were crystalline. WO3NP-decorated In2O3NRs were also prepared using thermal evaporation and hydrothermal methods. The NO2sensing performance of the In2O3NP-decorated WO3NR sensor toward NO2was compared to that of the WO3NP-decorated In2O3NR sensor. The former showed a high response to NO2due to a significant reduction of the conduction channel width upon exposure to NO2. In contrast, the latter showed a far less pronounced response due to limited reduction of the conduction channel width upon exposure to NO2. When the sensors were exposed to a reducing gas instead of an oxidizing gas (NO2), the situation was reversed, i.e., the WO3NP-decorated In2O3NR exhibited a stronger response to the reducing gas than the In2O3NP-decorated WO3NR sensor. Thus, a semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) with a smaller work function must be used as the decorating material in decorated heterostructured SMO sensors for detection of oxidizing gases. The In2O3NP-decorated WO3NR sensor showed higher selectivity for NO2compared to other gases, including reducing gases and other oxidizing gases, as well as showed high sensitivity to NO2.
The chemical case for Mercury mantle stripping
Authors: Helffrich George , Brasser Ramon , Shahar Anat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMercury, the Solar System’s innermost planet, has an unusually massive core prompting speculation that the planet lost silicate after it formed. Using the unusually high sulfur and low iron composition of its surface and space geodetic constraints on its core composition, we show Mercury’s chemistry to be compatible with formation in a larger planet at minimum 1.4–2.5 times Mercury’s present mass and possibly 2–4 times its mass by similarity with other rocky Solar System bodies. To do this, we apply an experimentally determined metal-silicate partitioning model for sulfur to Mercury’s silicate. The model is validated by applying it to Vesta, which, when evaluated at the conditions of Vestan self-differentiation, yields sulfur contents in its silicate in the range of HED meteorites. Mercury could have lost a substantial fraction of its rocky material through impacts or by being itself a remnant impactor. Independent of any stripping, because a significant amount of silicon resides in Mercury’s core, silicate meteoritic debris from Mercury would likely be characterized by30Si isotopic enrichment >+ 0.10‰ relative to parent sources that could aid identification of a new meteorite class.
The performance of using an autoencoder for prediction and susceptibility assessment of landslides: A case study on landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan
Authors: Nam Kounghoon , Wang Fawu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Thousands of landslides were triggered by the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake on 6 September 2018 in Iburi regions of Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Most of the landslides (5627 points) occurred intensively between the epicenter and the station that recorded the highest peak ground acceleration. Hundreds of aftershocks followed the major shocks. Moreover, in Iburi region, there is a high possibility of earthquakes occurring in the future. Effective prediction and susceptibility assessment methods are required for sustainable management and disaster mitigation in the study area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of an autoencoder framework based on deep neural network for prediction and susceptibility assessment of regional landslides triggered by earthquakes.

Results
By applying 12 sampling sizes and 12 landslide-influencing factors, 12 landslide susceptibility maps were produced using an autoencoder framework. The results of the model were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative assessment methods. The ratios of the sampling sizes on the non-landslide points randomly generated from the combination zone including plain and mountain (PM) and a mountainous only zone (M) affected different prediction abilities of the model’s performance.

Conclusions
The 12 susceptibility maps, including the landslide susceptibility index, indicated the various spatial distributions of the landslide susceptibility values in both PM and the M. The highly accurate models explicitly distinguished the potential areas of landslide from stable areas without expanding the spatial extent of the potential landslide areas. The autoencoder is proved to be an effective and efficient method for extracting spatial patterns through unsupervised learning for the prediction and susceptibility assessment of landslide areas.
A new vector system for targeted integration and overexpression of genes in the crop pathogen Fusarium solani
Authors: Nielsen Mikkel Rank , Holzwarth Anna Karolina Rilana , Brew Emmett , Chrapkova Natalia , Kaniki Samba Evelyne Kabemba , Kastaniegaard Kenneth , Sørensen Trine , Westphal Klaus Ringsborg , Wimmer Reinhard , Sondergaard Teis Esben , Sørensen Jens Laurids 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBesides their ability to produce several interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, members of theFusarium solanispecies complex comprise important pathogens of plants and humans. One of the major obstacles in understanding the biology of this species complex is the lack of efficient molecular tools for genetic manipulation.ResultsTo remove this obstacle we here report the development of a reliable system where the vectors are generated through yeast recombinational cloning and inserted into a specific site inF. solanithroughAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. As proof-of-concept, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) was inserted in a non-coding genomic position ofF. solaniand subsequent analyses showed that the resulting transformants were fluorescent on all tested media. In addition, we cloned and overexpressed the Zn(II)2Cys6transcriptional factorfsr6controlling mycelial pigmentation. A transformant displayed deep red/purple pigmentation stemming from bostrycoidin and javanicin.ConclusionBy creating streamlined plasmid construction and fungal transformation systems, we are now able to express genes in the crop pathogenF. solaniin a reliable and fast manner. As a case study, we targeted and activated the fusarubin (PKS3:fsr) gene cluster, which is the first case study of secondary metabolites being directly associated with the responsible gene cluster inF. solanivia targeted activation. The system provides an approach that in the future can be used by the community to understand the biochemistry and genetics of theFusarium solanispecies complex, and is obtainable from Addgene catalog #133094.Graphic abstract
Mathematical modeling of the electron-beam wire deposition additive manufacturing by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Trushnikov Dmitriy Nikolayevich , Koleva Elena Georgieva , Davlyatshin Roman Pozolovich , Gerasimov Roman Mikhailovich , Bayandin Yuriy Vitalievich 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The actual problem for calculating a shape of free surface of the melt when analyzing the processes of wire-based electron-beam surfacing on the substrate, being introduced into additive manufacturing, is the development of adequate mathematical models of heat and mass transfer. The paper proposed a formulation of the problem of melt motion in the framework of the Lagrangian description. The mathematical statement includes the balance equations for mass, momentum and energy, and physical equations for describing heat and mass transfer.

Methods
The smoothed particle hydrodynamics method was used for numerical simulation of the process of wire-based electron-beam surfacing on the substrate made from same materials (titanium or steel). A finite-difference analog of the equations is given and the algorithm for solving the problem is implemented. To integrate the discretized equations Verlet method was utilized. Algorithms are implemented in the open software package LAMMPS.

Results
The numerical simulation results allow the estimation of non-stationary volume temperature distributions, melt flow velocities and pressures, and characteristics of process.

Conclusion
The possibility of applying the developed mathematical model to describe additive production is shown. The comparison of numerical calculations with experimental studies showed good agreement.
A pilot summer day camp cooking curriculum to influence family meals
Authors: Williams Lindy , Magee Aleshia , Kilby Cameron , Maxey Katherine , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Efforts to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity have approached the issue from many different angles, with a family approach being the gold standard. While most efforts focus on the parents, few have viewed the child as the agent of change. In this study, we explored the feasibility of implementing a cooking curriculum into a summer day camp to determine its reception and explore the potential of home reach.

Methods
In partnership with a local YMCA, a child-focused cooking curriculum was developed, designed to be delivered to various age groups with key nutritional messages. Interviews were conducted with participating children and their parents to determine acceptability and potential to influence the home environment as well as explore children’s understanding of nutrition and cooking topics.

Results
Children in the study ranged from 7 to 15 years of age. Children overwhelmingly enjoyed the cooking camp and talked about it with their parents at home. Almost all parents had plans to try the recipes at home, and many had already made one or more of the recipes.

Conclusions
It is feasible to incorporate cooking lessons into a children’s summer day camp, with some evidence of reach into the home. Future studies should evaluate children as agents of change in cooking and meal preparation, and assess if this could increase the number and quality of family meals.