bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of H-mode pedestal predictive model on EAST tokamak
Authors: Li K , Li G Q , Zang Q , Zhang T , Liu H Q , Xiang H M , Li Y Y , Wu M F , Wu M Q , Jian X , Li G S , Li H , Snyder P B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pedestal structure of the high-confinement mode (H-mode) operation strongly impacts global confinement and fusion performance in tokamak devices. Studies of the pedestal structure also play an important role in better understanding the characterization of H-mode plasma discharges with type-I edge localized modes on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The EPED model has been widely validated to predict the pedestal structure of several tokamak devices. The mean pedestal width

Δ

ψ

correlates with the square root of the poloidal pedestal beta

β

p
,
p
e
d

1

/

2

and is in good agreement with

Δ

ψ

=
0.12

β

p
,
p
e
d

1

/

2

from experimental observations. It is also found that the scaling coefficients of

Δ

ψ

and

β

p
,
p
e
d

1

/

2

may have no dependence on the heating schemes. The comparison of predictions with measurements indicates that the REPED model could be used to predict the pedestal height for a range of experimental pedestal pressures (

1.7
<

p

p
e
d

<
2.6

kPa

) on EAST.
Neural Responses to the Implicit Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions in Binge Drinking
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Dricot Laurence , Benzerouk Farid , Portefaix Christophe , Barrière Sarah , Quaglino Véronique , Naassila Mickaël , Kaladjian Arthur , Gierski Fabien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Emotional processing is a crucial ability in human and impairments in the processing of emotions are considered as transdiagnostic processes in psychopathology. In alcohol use disorder, numerous studies have investigated emotional processing and showed emotional deficits related to the perpetuation of alcohol use. Recent studies have also explored this topic in binge drinking, but few studies are available. In this paper, we explored whether emotional difficulties in binge drinking may be extended to implicit emotion processing.

Methods
We compared 39 binge drinkers (BD) and 40 non-binge drinkers who performed a gender categorization task while faces represented emotional expressions of anger, fear, happiness and sadness. Emotional brain responses were assessed thanks to functional magnetic resonance imaging. Emotional versus non-emotional conditions were first contrasted in the whole sample and groups were then compared.

Results
Emotional condition led to differential activations than non-emotional condition, supporting the validity of the paradigm. Regarding group comparisons, BD exhibited higher activations in the left posterior cerebellum (anger processing) and the right anterior cingulate (fear processing) as well as lower activations in the left insula (happiness), the right post-central gyrus, the right cingulate gyrus and the right medial frontal gyrus (sadness processing).

Conclusions
Beyond emotional identification, BD presented differential brain responses following the implicit processing of emotions. Emotional difficulties in binge drinking might be related to a more automatic/unconscious processing of emotions.
AFid: a tool for automated identification and exclusion of autofluorescent objects from microscopy images
Authors: Baharlou Heeva , Canete Nicolas P , Bertram Kirstie M , Sandgren Kerrie J , Cunningham Anthony L , Harman Andrew N , Patrick Ellis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Autofluorescence is a long-standing problem that has hindered the analysis of images of tissues acquired by fluorescence microscopy. Current approaches to mitigate autofluorescence in tissue are lab-based and involve either chemical treatment of sections or specialized instrumentation and software to ‘unmix’ autofluorescent signals. Importantly, these approaches are pre-emptive and there are currently no methods to deal with autofluorescence in acquired fluorescence microscopy images.

Results
To address this, we developed Autofluorescence Identifier (AFid). AFid identifies autofluorescent pixels as discrete objects in multi-channel images post-acquisition. These objects can then be tagged for exclusion from downstream analysis. We validated AFid using images of FFPE human colorectal tissue stained for common immune markers. Further, we demonstrate its utility for image analysis where its implementation allows the accurate measurement of HIV–Dendritic cell interactions in a colorectal explant model of HIV transmission. Therefore, AFid represents a major leap forward in the extraction of useful data from images plagued by autofluorescence by offering an approach that is easily incorporated into existing workflows and that can be used with various samples, staining panels and image acquisition methods. We have implemented AFid in ImageJ, Matlab and R to accommodate the diverse image analysis community.

Availability and implementation
AFid software is available at https://ellispatrick.github.io/AFid.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Resistance and reproduction: an arts-based investigation into young people’s emotional responses to crime
Authors: Dodsley Thomas , Gray Emily 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on a qualitative study of young people’s emotional responses to crime, underpinned by cultural criminology and interpretive phenomenology. It uses alternative approaches to explore young people’s ‘fears’ of crime via the use of arts-based methods, specifically performative drama and focus groups. The rationale is rooted in young people’s voices being largely absent from fear of crime research and the increased movement towards a more creative and less prescriptive criminology. The findings point towards the value of such approaches and argue that young people’s emotions about crime become highly gendered and age-relevant in youth and have multiple, overlapping spheres that are culturally constructed, resisted and reproduced.
Social Workers’ Encounters with Elder Abuse and Neglect: Giving Meaning to Their Experiences
Authors: Band-Winterstein Tova , Goldblatt Hadass , Alon Sara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article examines Israeli social workers’ experiences of their encounters with elder abuse survivors and its impact on professional and personal aspects in the social workers’ lives. Participants were seventeen experienced women social workers, who intervened with elder abuse and neglect. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data analysis revealed three main themes: (i) ‘Sensing the Pain’: Exposure to the Complexity of Clients’ Life-Long Suffering; (ii) Taking Home the Pain: Social Workers Dwelling with the Sensitivity of the Encounter with Elder Abuse and (iii) ‘Caring for Them, and Letting Them Be Part of My World’: The Encounter as Resonating in Social Workers’ Professional and Personal Life Domains. Social workers’ experiences of complex, sensitive encounters with elder abuse survivors appear to be a multidimensional challenge, involving both burden and growth. This notion can leverage the client–helping professional relationship, thus enriching and shaping social workers’ personal and professional worlds.
GREB1 regulates PI3K/Akt signaling to control hormone-sensitive breast cancer proliferation
Authors: Haines Corinne N , Klingensmith Hope D , Komara Makanko , Burd Craig J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and depend on ER activity for survival and proliferation. While hormone therapies that target receptor activity are initially effective, patients invariably develop resistance which is often associated with activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. While the mechanism by which estrogen regulates proliferation is not fully understood, one gene target of ER, growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1), is required for hormone-dependent proliferation. However, the molecular function by which GREB1 regulates proliferation is unknown. Herein, we validate that knockdown of GREB1 results in growth arrest and that exogenous GREB1 expression initiates senescence, suggesting that an optimal level of GREB1 expression is necessary for proliferation of breast cancer cells. Under both of these conditions, GREB1 is able to regulate signaling through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. GREB1 acts intrinsically through PI3K to regulate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate levels and Akt activity. Critically, growth suppression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells by GREB1 knockdown is rescued by expression of constitutively activated Akt. Together, these data identify a novel molecular function by which GREB1 regulates breast cancer proliferation through Akt activation and provides a mechanistic link between estrogen signaling and the PI3K pathway.
Structural and Functional Brain Parameters Related to Cognitive Performance Across Development: Replication and Extension of the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory in a Single Sample
Authors: Gur Ruben C , Butler Ellyn R , Moore Tyler M , Rosen Adon F G , Ruparel Kosha , Satterthwaite Theodore D , Roalf David R , Gennatas Efstathios D , Bilker Warren B , Shinohara Russell T , Port Allison , Elliott Mark A , Verma Ragini , Davatzikos Christos , Wolf Daniel H , Detre John A , Gur Raquel E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8–22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo, and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic, and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining a low resting energy state.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HIV Spotlight the United States Imperative for Permanent Affordable Housing
Authors: Riley Elise D , Hickey Matthew D , Imbert Elizabeth , Clemenzi-Allen Angelo A , Gandhi Monica 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Job loss and evictions tied to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are expected to increase homelessness significantly in the coming months. Reciprocally, homelessness and the many vulnerabilities that inevitably accompany it are driving COVID-19 outbreaks in US shelters and other congregate living situations. Unless we intervene to address homelessness, these co-existing and synergistic situations will make the current public health crisis even worse. Preventing homelessness and providing permanent affordable housing has reduced the ravages of the HIV epidemic. We must take the lessons learned in 40 years of fighting HIV to respond effectively to the COVID-19 crisis. Housing is an investment that will curb the spread of COVID-19 and help protect all of us from future pandemics.
Comparison of A(H3N2) Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by 2018–2019 Season Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines Derived from Eggs, Cells, and Recombinant Hemagglutinin
Authors: Wang Wei , Alvarado-Facundo Esmeralda , Vassell Russell , Collins Limone , Colombo Rhonda E , Ganesan Anuradha , Geaney Casey , Hrncir David , Lalani Tahaniyat , Markelz Ana Elizabeth , Maves Ryan C , McClenathan Bruce , Mende Katrin , Richard Stephanie A , Schofield Christina , Seshadri Srihari , Spooner Christina , Utz Gregory C , Warkentien Tyler E , Levine Min , Coles Christian L , Burgess Timothy H , Eichelberger Maryna , Weiss Carol D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Low vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) influenza in seasons with little antigenic drift has been attributed to substitutions in hemagglutinin (HA) acquired during vaccine virus propagation in eggs. Clinical trials comparing recombinant HA vaccine (rHA) and cell-derived inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) to egg-derived IIVs provide opportunities to assess how egg-adaptive substitutions influence HA immunogenicity.

Methods
Neutralization titers in pre- and postimmunization sera from 133 adults immunized with 1 of 3 types of influenza vaccines in a randomized, open-label trial during the 2018–2019 influenza season were measured against egg- and cell-derived A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016-like and circulating A(H3N2) influenza viruses using HA pseudoviruses.

Results
All vaccines elicited neutralizing antibodies to all H3 vaccine antigens, but the rHA vaccine elicited the highest titers and seroconversion rates against all strains tested. Egg- and cell-derived IIVs elicited responses similar to each other. Preimmunization titers against H3 HA pseudoviruses containing egg-adaptive substitutions T160K and L194P were high, but lower against H3 HA pseudoviruses without those substitutions. All vaccines boosted neutralization titers against HA pseudoviruses with egg-adaptive substitutions, but poorly neutralized wild-type 2019–2020 A/Kansas/14/2017 (H3N2) HA pseudoviruses.

Conclusion
Egg- and cell-derived 2018–2019 season influenza vaccines elicited similar neutralization titers and response rates, indicating that the cell-derived vaccine did not improve immunogenicity against the A(H3N2) viruses. The higher responses after rHA vaccination may be due to its higher HA content. All vaccines boosted titers to HA with egg-adaptive substitutions, suggesting boosting from past antigens or better exposure of HA epitopes. Studies comparing immunogenicity and effectiveness of different influenza vaccines across many seasons are needed.
Multi-catheter cryotherapy compared with radiofrequency ablation in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gallagher Mark M , Yi Gang , Gonna Hanney , Leung Lisa W M , Harding Idris , Evranos Banu , Bastiaenen Rachel , Sharma Rajan , Wright Sue , Norman Mark , Zuberi Zia , Camm A John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsRestoring sinus rhythm (SR) by ablation alone is an endpoint used in radiofrequency (RF) ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) but not with cryotherapy. The simultaneous use of two cryotherapy catheters can improve ablation efficiency; we compared this with RF ablation in chronic persistent AF aiming for termination to SR by ablation alone.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients undergoing their first ablation for persistent AF of &gt;6 months duration were screened. A total of 100 participants were randomized 1:1 to multi-catheter cryotherapy or RF. For cryotherapy, a 28-mm Arctic Front Advance was used in tandem with focal cryoablation catheters. Open-irrigated, non-force sensing catheters were used in the RF group with a 3D mapping system. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation and non-PV triggers were targeted. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months, then yearly. Acute PVI was achieved in all cases. More patients in the multi-catheter cryotherapy group were restored to SR by ablation alone, with a shorter procedure duration. Sinus rhythm continued to the last available follow-up in 16/49 patients (33%) in the multi-catheter at 3.0 ± 1.6 years post-ablation and in 12/50 patients (24%) in the RF group at 4.0 ± 1.2 years post-ablation. The yearly rate of arrhythmia recurrence was similar.ConclusionMulti-catheter cryotherapy can restore SR by ablation alone in more cases and more quickly than RF ablation. Long-term success is difficult to achieve by either methods and is similar with both.
Inpainting of local wavefront attributes using artificial intelligence for enhancement of massive 3-D pre-stack seismic data
Authors: Gadylshin Kirill , Silvestrov Ilya , Bakulin Andrey 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYWe propose an advanced version of non-linear beamforming assisted by artificial intelligence (NLBF-AI) that includes additional steps of encoding and interpolating of wavefront attributes using inpainting with deep neural network (DNN). Inpainting can efficiently and accurately fill the holes in waveform attributes caused by acquisition geometry gaps and data quality issues. Inpainting with DNN delivers excellent quality of interpolation with the negligible computational effort and performs particularly well for a challenging case of irregular holes where other interpolation methods struggle. Since conventional brute-force attribute estimation is very costly, we can further intentionally create additional holes or masks to restrict expensive conventional estimation to a smaller subvolume and obtain missing attributes with cost-effective inpainting. Using a marine seismic data set with ocean bottom nodes, we show that inpainting can reliably recover wavefront attributes even with masked areas reaching 50–75 per cent. We validate the quality of the results by comparing attributes and enhanced data from NLBF-AI and conventional NLBF using full-density data without decimation.
Seismological evidence of a dehydration reaction in the subducting oceanic crust beneath western Shikoku in southwest Japan
Authors: Shiomi Katsuhiko , Takeda Tetsuya , Ueno Tomotake 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe Philippine Sea plate (PHS) is subducting beneath southwest Japan from the Nankai Trough. In this region, deep low-frequency earthquakes/tremors (LFEs) are active and their epicentres are distributed along the downdip of the source region of M8-class earthquakes that have occurred every 100–150 yr. The LFE activity may potentially be strongly related to the occurrence of great earthquakes between tectonic plates. To investigate the structural features around the LFEs, we applied teleseismic receiver function (RF) analysis to the seismograms observed at permanent and temporal seismograph stations in western Shikoku and we detected seismological evidence of a slab dehydration reaction linked to LFE activity. Based on the first-order harmonic decomposition of RFs, we first estimated the average plunge azimuth of the PHS beneath western Shikoku. Considering the backazimuth dependence of converted phase amplitude, we constructed the cross-section of the radial component RFs, excluding the incoming waveform data from the updip directions of the dipping slab. In this profile, the parallel negative and positive P-to-S converted phase alignment within a distance of 10 km were imaged. These phase alignments corresponded to the top of the slab and the slab Moho discontinuity, respectively. At the northern side of the profile, the landward (continental) Moho was also detected. In the region where LFEs were actively distributed, both the landward Moho and slab surface were unclear. The second-order harmonic decomposition of RFs for several kilometres above the slab Moho indicated that the anisotropic symmetry axes suddenly changed at the southern limit of the LFE active region; the fast axes in the region were normal to the trench though axes in the southern area were parallel. According to the thermal and pressure condition, a phase transition with a dehydration reaction can occur in the oceanic crust near the southern edge of the LFE active region. Once the dehydration process advances, released water causes the serpentinization of the mantle material near the slab surface and the corresponding seismic velocity decreases. The impedance contrast decreases at the boundary between the lower crust and the mantle wedge, as well as that between the mantle wedge and oceanic crust; therefore, the amplitudes of the converted phases at these boundaries also become small. Considering that serpentinite ordinarily has strong anisotropy with a seismic fast axis direct to the shear direction, all features observed are evidence of the dehydration process in the flat slab.
Measuring the impacts of labor in the platform economy: new work created, old work reorganized, and value creation reconfigured
Authors: Bearson Dafna , Kenney Martin , Zysman John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Though economists have examined labor displacement due to digitization, few have considered the new work and value created. Unlike employment relations that brought workers together on the assembly line or in an office in a previous era, platforms enable a greater, more dispersed, and complex division of labor. New and reconfigured types of labor enabled by platforms create identification and measurement challenges. Previous studies of platforms invariably focused on specific organizational forms such as sharing or gigs. They built taxonomies based on the platform's organization – few considered the scope and scale of platform-enabled value creation. To better understand changing labor arrangements in the 21st century, this article introduces a taxonomy to systematically understand work, employment, and value creation in the platform economy. We consider all of the platform-enabled value creation activities including old work displaced or reorganized to new work created. We provide suggestive evidence for the utility of our framework through case studies of Etsy and Amazon Self-Publishing in the United States.
Dimensions of Two-Valued Sets via Imaginary Chaos
Authors: Schoug Lukas , Sepúlveda Avelio , Viklund Fredrik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-valued sets are local sets of the 2D Gaussian free field (GFF) that can be thought of as representing all points of the domain that may be connected to the boundary by a curve on which the GFF takes values only in $[-a,b]$. Two-valued sets exist whenever $a+b\geq 2\lambda ,$ where $\lambda$ depends explicitly on the normalization of the GFF. We prove that the almost sure Hausdorff dimension of the two-valued set ${\mathbb{A}}_{-a,b}$ equals $d=2-2\lambda ^2/(a+b)^2$. For the key two-point estimate needed to give the lower bound on dimension, we use the real part of a “vertex field” built from the purely imaginary Gaussian multiplicative chaos. We also construct a non-trivial $d$-dimensional measure supported on ${\mathbb{A}}_{-a,b}$ and discuss its relation with the $d$-dimensional conformal Minkowski content of ${\mathbb{A}}_{-a,b}$.