bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–ligand positron emission tomography and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer
Authors: Tateishi Ukihide 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
From a clinical perspective, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a valuable target for both diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. The term ‘specific’ has been used to characterize a histologic hallmark of overexpression in the membrane of most prostate cancer. Many PSMA ligands have been developed since the previous decade and have been used in several clinical trials and clinical studies. However, procedure, specification, protocol, interpretation criteria, radiation dose, and cost-effectiveness of PSMA ligands have not been fully explained. Regardless of worldwide use of promising PSMA-ligand PET and RLT, it has not been approved in Japan. Expedited introduction of PSMA-ligand PET and RLT to Japan and implementation of clinical study are eager for many patients with prostate cancer.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Dosimetry Used in Studies of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure and Cancer
Authors: Daniels Robert D , Kendall Gerald M , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Linet Martha S , Cullings Harry M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
A monograph systematically evaluating recent evidence on the dose-response relationship between low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and cancer risk required a critical appraisal of dosimetry methods in 26 potentially informative studies.

Methods
The relevant literature included studies published in 2006–2017. Studies comprised case-control and cohort designs examining populations predominantly exposed to sparsely ionizing radiation, mostly from external sources, resulting in average doses of no more than 100 mGy. At least two dosimetrists reviewed each study and appraised the strengths and weaknesses of the dosimetry systems used, including assessment of sources and effects of dose estimation error. An overarching concern was whether dose error might cause the spurious appearance of a dose-response where none was present.

Results
The review included 8 environmental, 4 medical, and 14 occupational studies that varied in properties relative to evaluation criteria. Treatment of dose estimation error also varied among studies, although few conducted a comprehensive evaluation. Six studies appeared to have known or suspected biases in dose estimates. The potential for these biases to cause a spurious dose-response association was constrained to three case-control studies that relied extensively on information gathered in interviews conducted after case ascertainment.

Conclusions
The potential for spurious dose-response associations from dose information appeared limited to case-control studies vulnerable to recall errors that may be differential by case status. Otherwise, risk estimates appeared reasonably free of a substantial bias from dose estimation error. Future studies would benefit from a comprehensive evaluation of dose estimation errors, including methods accounting for their potential effects on dose-response associations.
A cut-free labelled sequent calculus for dynamic epistemic logic
Authors: Nomura Shoshin , Ono Hiroakira , Sano Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dynamic epistemic logic is a logic that is aimed at formally expressing how a person’s knowledge changes. We provide a cut-free labelled sequent calculus ($\textbf{GDEL}$) on the background of existing studies of Hilbert-style axiomatization $\textbf{HDEL}$ of dynamic epistemic logic and labelled calculi for public announcement logic. We first show that the $cut$ rule is admissible in $\textbf{GDEL}$ and show that $\textbf{GDEL}$ is sound and complete for Kripke semantics. Moreover, we show that the basis of $\textbf{GDEL}$ is extended from modal logic K to other familiar modal logics including S5 with keeping the admissibility of cut, soundness and completeness.
Comprehensive study of a neglected contact binary TYC 5532-1333-1
Authors: Devarapalli S P , Jagirdar R , Prasad R M , Thomas V S , Ahmed S A , Gralapally R , Das J P 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the variable TYC 5532-1333-1 (TYC) along with an investigation of its orbital period variation is presented for the first time. The B- and V-band photometric study indicates that TYC is an intermediate contact binary with degree of contact and mass ratio of 34 per cent and ∼0.24, respectively. The derived equivalent widths from the spectroscopic study of Hα and   Na-I lines reveal phase-dependent variation and mutual correlation. Using the available times of minimum light, an investigation of orbital period variation shows a long-term decrease at a rate of 3.98 × 10 −6 d yr−1. Expected causes for such decline in the orbital period could be angular momentum loss and a quasi-sinusoidal variation due to light-time effect probably caused by a third-body companion. The minimum mass of the third body (M3) was derived to be $0.65 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Our presented study is an attempt to evaluate and understand the evolutionary state of above-mentioned neglected contact binary.
Reconstructive vs Deconstructive Endovascular Approach to Intradural Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Dmytriw Adam A , Salem Mohamed M , Kuhn Anna L , Phan Kevin , Bharatha Aditya , Spears Julian , Thomas Ajith , Puri Ajit , Marotta Thomas R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Parent vessel sacrifice (PVS) has been a traditional way of treating complex aneurysms of the intradural vertebral artery (VA). Flow diversion (FD) has emerged as an alternative reconstructive option.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of intradural VA aneurysms following PVS or FD.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed and evaluated 43 consecutive patients between 2009 and 2018 with ruptured and unruptured intradural VA aneurysms treated by PVS or FD. Medical records including clinical and radiological details were reviewed.

RESULTS
A total of 43 intradural VA aneurysms were treated during this period. In the 14 PVS patients, the mean follow-up was 19.5 mo, and 71.4% of cases achieved modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤2 at the last follow-up. A total of 86.5% of cases achieved complete occlusion. There was a 14.3% (2 cases) mortality rate, 14.3% (2 cases) postoperative ischemic complication rate, and 0% postoperative hemorrhaging rate. Retreatment was required in 1 case (7.1%). In the 29 FD patients, the mean follow-up was 21.8 mo, and 89.7% of cases achieved mRS ≤2 at the final follow-up. There was a 3.2% (1 case) mortality rate, 19.4% (6 cases) of postoperative ischemic complications, and 6.5% (2 cases) of postoperative hemorrhagic complications. Complete occlusion was seen in 86.5% patients. No cases required retreatment. Mortality and complication rates were not significantly different between PVS and PED (Pipeline Embolization Device) groups.

CONCLUSION
PVS was associated with comparable intraprocedural complications for VA aneurysms as compared to FD in the largest multicenter study to date. Both procedures have good long-term clinical and radiological outcomes.
Investigating regional variation of respiratory infections in a general practice syndromic surveillance system
Authors: Smith Sue , Morbey Roger , de Lusignan Simon , Pebody Richard G , Smith Gillian E , Elliot Alex J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundEstablished surveillance systems can follow trends in community disease and illness over many years. However, within England there are known regional differences in healthcare utilisation, which can affect interpretation of trends. Here, we explore regional differences for a range of respiratory conditions using general practitioner (GP) consultation data.MethodsDaily data for respiratory conditions were extracted from a national GP surveillance system. Average daily GP consultation rates per 100 000 registered patient population were calculated by each region of England and for each study year (2013–17). Consultation rates and incidence rate ratios were also calculated for each condition by deprivation quintile and by rural, urban, and conurbation groups.ResultsUpper and lower respiratory tract infections and asthma were higher in the North and the Midlands than in London and the South, were highest in the most deprived groups and tended to be higher in more urban areas. Influenza-like illness was highest in the least deprived and rural areas.ConclusionsThere are consistent differences in GP consultation rates across the English regions. This work has improved our understanding and interpretation of GP surveillance data at regional level and will guide more accurate public health messages.
A Bias Bound Approach to Non-parametric Inference
Authors: Schennach Susanne M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe traditional approach to obtain valid confidence intervals for non-parametric quantities is to select a smoothing parameter such that the bias of the estimator is negligible relative to its standard deviation. While this approach is apparently simple, it has two drawbacks: first, the question of optimal bandwidth selection is no longer well-defined, as it is not clear what ratio of bias to standard deviation should be considered negligible. Second, since the bandwidth choice necessarily deviates from the optimal (mean squares-minimizing) bandwidth, such a confidence interval is very inefficient. To address these issues, we construct valid confidence intervals that account for the presence of a non-negligible bias and thus make it possible to perform inference with optimal mean squared error minimizing bandwidths. The key difficulty in achieving this involves finding a strict, yet feasible, bound on the bias of a non-parametric estimator. It is well-known that it is not possible to consistently estimate the pointwise bias of an optimal non-parametric estimator (for otherwise, one could subtract it and obtain a faster convergence rate violating Stone’s bounds on the optimal convergence rates). Nevertheless, we find that, under minimal primitive assumptions, it is possible to consistently estimate an upper bound on the magnitude of the bias, which is sufficient to deliver a valid confidence interval whose length decreases at the optimal rate and which does not contradict Stone’s results.
I Won’t See You in Court! Mediation, arbitration and the nonjudicial resolution of estate and trust disputes
Authors: Eyal Lyat , von Bassewitz Susanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article will summarize the provisions of the Arbitration Law 1968 (the “Arbitration Law”), the Courts Regulations (Mediation) 1993 (the “Mediation Regulations”) and a few court cases involving prominent families for which information is publicly available. In addition, the article will discuss the availability of out-of-court proceedings in trust disputes.
Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health: A Global Stocktake
Authors: Wagstaff Adam , Eozenou Patrick , Smitz Marc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures by reviewing the various summary measures and the results of multi-country studies using these measures. The paper presents estimates for 146 countries from all World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 international dollars, driven in large part by differences in per capita income and the share of GDP spent on health. The two measures of dispersion or risk—the coefficient of variation and Q90/Q50—are only weakly correlated across countries and not explained by our macroeconomic and health system indicators. Considerable variation emerges in the out-of-pocket health expenditure budget share, which is highly correlated with the incidence of “catastrophic expenditures”. Out-of-pocket expenditures tend to be regressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the poor when expenditures are assessed relative to income, while expenditures tend to be progressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the rich when expenditures are assessed relative to consumption. At the extreme poverty line of $1.90-a-day, most impoverishment due to out-of-pocket expenditures occurs among low-income countries.
Association of Food Insecurity with Children's Behavioral, Emotional, and Academic Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shankar Priya , Chung Rainjade , Frank Deborah A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Food Insecurity (FI) occurs in 21% of families with children and adolescents in the United States, but the potential developmental and behavioral implications of this prevalent social determinant of health have not been comprehensively elucidated. This systematic review aims to examine the association between FI and childhood developmental and behavioral outcomes in western industrialized countries.

Method:
This review provides a critical summary of 23 peer reviewed articles from developed countries on the associations between FI and adverse childhood developmental behavioral outcomes including early cognitive development, academic performance, inattention, externalizing behaviors, and depression in 4 groups–infants and toddlers, preschoolers, school age, and adolescents. Various approaches to measuring food insecurity are delineated. Potential confounding and mediating variables of this association are compared across studies. Alternate explanatory mechanisms of observed effects and need for further research are discussed.

Results:
This review demonstrates that household FI, even at marginal levels, is associated with children's behavioral, academic, and emotional problems from infancy to adolescence across western industrialized countries - even after controlling for confounders.

Conclusions:
While the American Academy of Pediatrics already recommends routine screening for food insecurity during health maintenance visits, the evidence summarized here should encourage developmental behavioral health providers to screen for food insecurity in their practices and intervene when possible. Conversely, children whose families are identified as food insecure in primary care settings warrant enhanced developmental behavioral assessment and possible intervention.
Pleiotropic effect of ABCG2 in gout: involvement in serum urate levels and progression from hyperuricemia to gout
Authors: Wrigley Rebekah , Phipps-Green Amanda J , Topless Ruth K , Major Tanya J , Cadzow Murray , Riches Philip , Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Janssen Matthijs , Joosten Leo AB , Jansen Tim L , So Alexander , Hindmarsh Jennie Harré , Stamp Lisa K , Dalbeth Nicola , Merriman Tony R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ABCG2 Q141K (rs2231142) andrs10011796variants associate with hyperuricaemia (HU). The effect size ofABCG2 rs2231142on urate is ∼60% that ofSLC2A9, yet the effect size on gout is greater. We tested the hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a role in the progression from HU to gout by testing for association ofABCG2 rs2231142andrs10011796with gout using HU controls.MethodsWe analysed 1,699 European gout cases and 14,350 normourciemic (NU) and HU controls, and 912 New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (divided into Eastern and Western Polynesian) gout cases and 696 controls. Association testing was performed using logistic and linear regression with multivariate adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsIn Europeans and Polynesians, theABCG2141K (T) allele was associated with gout using HU controls (OR=1.85,P=3.8E-21and ORmeta=1.85,P=1.3E-03, respectively). There was evidence for an effect of 141K in determining HU in European (OR=1.56,P=1.7E-18) but not in Polynesian (ORmeta=1.49,P=0.057). ForSLC2A9 rs11942223, the T allele associated with gout in the presence of HU in European (OR=1.37,P=4.7E-06), however significantly weaker thanABCG2 rs2231142141K (PHet=0.0023). In Western Polynesian and European, there was epistatic interaction betweenABCG2 rs2231142and the genetically-independentrs10011796. Combining the presence of the 141K allele with thers10011796CC-genotype increased gout risk, in the presence of HU, 21.5-fold in Western Polynesian (P=0.009) and 2.6-fold in European (P=9.9E-06). The 141K allele positively associated with flare frequency in Polynesian (Pmeta=2.5E-03).ConclusionThese data are consistent with a role forABCG2141K in gout in the presence of established HU.
Parkinson’s Disease-linked LRRK2 structure and model for microtubule interaction
Authors: Deniston Colin K. , Salogiannis John , Mathea Sebastian , Snead David M. , Lahiri Indarjit , Donosa Oscar , Watanabe Reika , Böhning Jan , Shiau Andrew K. , Knapp Stefan , Villa Elizabeth , Reck-Peterson Samara L. , Leschziner Andres E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLeucineRichRepeatKinase2(LRRK2) is the most commonly mutated gene in familial Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 is proposed to function in membrane trafficking and co-localizes with microtubules. We report the 3.5Å structure of the catalytic half of LRRK2, and an atomic model of microtubule-associated LRRK2 built using a reported 14Å cryo-electron tomographyin situstructure. We propose that the conformation of LRRK2’s kinase domain regulates its microtubule interaction, with a closed conformation favoring binding. We show that the catalytic half of LRRK2 is sufficient for microtubule binding and blocks the motility of the microtubule-based motors kinesin and dyneinin vitro. Kinase inhibitors that stabilize an open conformation relieve this interference and reduce LRRK2 filament formation in cells, while those that stabilize a closed conformation do not. Our findings suggest that LRRK2 is a roadblock for microtubule-based motors and have implications for the design of therapeutic LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
A flexible microfluidic system for single-cell transcriptome profiling elucidates phased transcriptional regulators of cell cycle
Authors: Davey Karen , Wong Daniel , Konopacki Filip , Kwa Eugene , Fiegler Heike , Sibley Christopher R. 
Published: January 2020

SummarySingle cell transcriptome profiling has emerged as a breakthrough technology for the high-resolution understanding of complex cellular systems. Here we report a flexible, cost-effective and user-friendly droplet-based microfluidics system, called the Nadia Instrument, that can allow 3’ mRNA capture of ∼50,000 single cells or individual nuclei in a single run. The precise pressure-based system demonstrates highly reproducible droplet size, low doublet rates and high mRNA capture efficiencies that compare favorably in the field. Moreover, when combined with the Nadia Innovate, the system can be transformed into an adaptable setup that enables use of different buffers and barcoded bead configurations to facilitate diverse applications. Finally, by 3’ mRNA profiling asynchronous human and mouse cells at different phases of the cell cycle, we demonstrate the system’s ability to readily distinguish distinct cell populations and infer underlying transcriptional regulatory networks. Notably this identified multiple transcription factors that had little or no known link to the cell cycle (e.g. DRAP1, ZKSCAN1 and CEBPZ). In summary, the Nadia platform represents a promising and flexible technology for future transcriptomic studies, and other related applications, at cell resolution.
ILC1-derived IFN-γ mediates cDC1-dependent host resistance againstToxoplasma gondii
Authors: López-Yglesias Américo H. , Burger Elise , Camanzo Ellie , Martin Andrew T. , Araujo Alessandra M. , Kwok Samantha F. , Yarovinsky Felix 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTHost resistance against intracellular pathogens requires a rapid IFN-γ mediated immune response. We reveal that T-bet-dependent production of IFN-γ is essential for the maintenance of inflammatory DCs at the site of infection with a common protozoan parasite,Toxoplasma gondii. A detailed analysis of the cellular sources for T-bet-dependent IFN-γ identified that ILC1s, but not NK or TH1 cells, were involved in the regulation of inflammatory DCs via IFN-γ. Mechanistically, we established that T-bet dependent ILC1-derived IFN-γ is critical for the induction of IRF8, an essential transcription factor for cDC1s. Failure to upregulate IRF8 in DCs resulted in acute susceptibility toT. gondiiinfection. Our data identifies that ILC1-derived IFN-γ is indispensable for host resistance against intracellular infection via maintaining IRF8+ inflammatory DCs at the site of infection.Author SummaryMounting a robust type I innate immune response is essential for resistance against numerous intracellular pathogens. The type I immune response is characterized by the production of IFN-γ, a central cytokine required for multiple non-redundant effector functions against bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. Previous work has shown that group 1 innate lymphocyte cells (ILC1s) together with NK and CD4+ T cells play an indispensable IFN-γ mediated protective role againstToxoplasma gondiiinfection; yet, the pathway of how IFN-γ produced by ILC1s defend againstT. gondiiremains unknown. In this work we identified that early production of IFN-γ by ILC1 is essential for maintaining dendritic cells (DCs) during infection. Mechanistically, we reveal that ILC1-derived IFN-γ is indispensable for inducing the transcription factor IRF8 that is critical for sustaining inflammatory DCs. Finally, we demonstrate that IRF8+ DCs are critical for parasite elimination.
Hydrodynamic model of directional ciliary-beat organization in human airways
Authors: Gsell Simon , Loiseau Etienne , D’Ortona Umberto , Viallat Annie , Favier Julien 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn the lung, the airway surface is protected by mucus, whose transport and evacuation is ensured through active ciliary beating. The mechanisms governing the long-range directional organization of ciliary beats, required for effective mucus transport, are much debated. Here, we experimentally show on human bronchial epithelium reconstitutedin-vitrothat the dynamics of ciliary-beat orientation is closely connected to hydrodynamic effects. To examine the fundamental mechanisms of this self-organization process, we build a two-dimensional model in which the hydrodynamic coupling between cilia is provided by a streamwise-alignment rule governing the local orientation of the ciliary forcing. The model reproduces the emergence of the mucus swirls observed in the experiments. The predicted swirl sizes, which scale with the ciliary density and mucus viscosity, are in agreement within-vitromeasurements. A transition from the swirly regime to a long-range unidirectional mucus flow allowing effective clearance occurs at high ciliary density and high mucus viscosity. In the latter case, the mucus flow tends to spontaneously align with the bronchus axis due to hydrodynamic effects.
Towards XNA molecular biology: Bacterial cell display as a robust and versatile platform for the engineering of low affinity ligands and enzymes
Authors: Csibra Eszter , Renders Marleen , Pinheiro Vitor B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough directed evolution has been remarkably successful at expanding the chemical and functional boundaries of biology, it is limited by the robustness and flexibility of available selection platforms – traditionally designed around a single desired function with limited scope for alternative applications. We report SNAP as a quantitative reporter for bacterial cell display, which enabled fast troubleshooting and systematic development of the selection platform. In addition, we demonstrate that even weak interactions between displayed proteins and nucleic acids can be harnessed towards specific labelling of bacterial cells, allowing functional characterisation of DNA binding proteins and enzymes. Together, this establishes bacterial display as a viable route towards the systematic engineering of all ligands and enzymes required for the development of XNA molecular biology.