bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Performance and Risk-taking among Children, Teenagers, and College Students: Evidence from Jeopardy!
Authors: Jetter Michael , Walker Jay K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Studying Jeopardy! contestants in the US, we explore whether and when gender differences in performance in competitive settings and risk-taking emerge with age and by opponents’ gender. We identify no gender differences in winning episodes, responding, or responding correctly to clues. Male teenagers (but not children) wager substantially more than female teenagers, leading to the emergence of the gender gap, equivalent to a 7.3 percentage point difference. This gap persists for college students. Finally, male teenagers and college students wager substantially less when competing against females, whereas the gender of opponents does not influence the behavior of young female contestants.
Laboratory diagnostics within a modular hospital at the time of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan
Authors: Yusong Liu , Duanliang Peng , Jia Yang , Dunyan Chen , Hongbing Jia , Siyuan Yu , Huanhuan Chen , Juan Zhao , Lyurong Liu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An outbreak of the so-called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading rapidly nationwide in China since December 2019. Wuhan, Hubei Province, is the hardest-hit region, with a rise in confirmed cases and its hospitals overwhelmed. On 2nd February, 2020, Wuhan began to build a modular hospital to treat patients caught with mild illness. The mobile modular hospital is mainly composed of medical modules, technical support modules, ward units, living support units and transportation capacity under field conditions, and there are complete equipment and specialized personnel to treat patients. Due to the severity and particularity of SARS-CoV-2, taking granted from lessons learnt from mobile modular hospitals, we use the existing large venues to construct a new fixed modular hospital. As patients need to be treated and tested, it is important to develop a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital and ensure biosafety. The construction of a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital is faced with problems such as time pressure, limited site selection, high level of biosafety, lack of experience and so forth. This paper mainly discusses how to construct the clinical laboratory in the modular hospital quickly and safely and put it into use to provide testing service for patients under various limited conditions.
Investigation on microstructure and its transformation mechanisms of B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO brazing flux system
Authors: Zhou FangMing , Xu DongHao , Shi MingXiao , Bi YanHua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO brazing fluxes and slags were investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The microstructure of the fluxes and slags and its transformation mechanism during the brazing process were investigated, especially the effect of ratio of B2O3to SiO2(B2O3/SiO2) on the microstructural transformation was analyzed. The results show that the structure units of the fluxes and slags are [BO4], [BO3], [SiO4], [AlO4] and [AlO6], and the network structure is a silicon-boron network structure. The O in the slags consist of bridged oxygen, non-bridged oxygen and free oxygen. During the brazing process, part of the [BO4] in slag combined with silica-oxygen network to form Si-O-B structure, which contribute to the network structure of slag, and another part of the [BO4] was transformed to [BO3]. The increase of (B2O3/SiO2) contribute to the transformation of [BO4] to [BO3], and more B2O3 take part in the interface reaction with the increase of (B2O3/SiO2). Therefore, the increase of (B2O3/SiO2) leads to the decrease in the viscosity of the slag, which is beneficial to the spreading behavior during the brazing process.
Gesell Developmental Schedules scores and the relevant factors in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Yang Jing , Hu Lan , Zhang Yun , Shi Yu , Jiang Wei , Song Cui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal disease resulting in neurodegeneration. Cognitive competence has been assessed among adults with DS using various methods because DS patients have a tendency to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after middle age. However, research describing cognitive assessments in DS children is not as many as in DS adults, let alone with regard to performed analyses to determine factors that predict cognitive assessments. In this study, we evaluated the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) scores and their associations with the relevant biochemical indicators and demographic factors in DS children.MethodsAll the subjects underwent GDS testing. The plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and serum vitamin A (VA) values were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, and in the meanwhile, the demographic information of the subjects was collected.ResultsForty-six DS children were recruited for this study. The GDS scores of children with DS were lower than those in children without DS. The plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were negatively associated with the GDS scores. Moreover, the GDS scores of the non-VA deficiency (NVAD) group were significantly higher than those of the VA deficiency (VAD) group. Certain demographic characteristics, such as the paternal labor intensity and paternal educational status, were relevant factors with regard to the GDS scores of the DS children.ConclusionsThis study determined that DS children exhibited abnormal GDS scores which indicated developmental delay of children with DS; the levels of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and serum VA were influential biochemical indicators and the paternal labor intensity and educational status were related demographic factors.
Tunable electronic structure of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Jing Yumei , Liu Baoze , Zhu Xukun , Ouyang Fangping , Sun Jian , Zhou Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Differing from its bulk counterparts, atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides that show strong interaction with light are considered as new candidates for optoelectronic devices. Either physical or chemical strategies can be utilized to effectively tune the intrinsic electronic structures for adopting optoelectronic applications. This review will focus on the different tuning strategies that include its physics principles, in situ experimental techniques, and its application of various optoelectronic devices.
The Perpetuation of Myth: Ideology in Bone Tomahawk
Authors: Carter Matthew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The contemporary Western Bone Tomahawk is in the tradition of the settler-versus-Indian stories from the genre’s ‘classical’ period. Its story is informed by one of white America’s oldest and most paranoiac of racist-psychosexual myths: the captivity narrative. This article reads Bone Tomahawk’s figuration of the racial anxieties that inhere within nineteenth-century settler-colonial culture in the context of post-9/11 America. It also considers that the film’s imbrication of Horror film conventions into its essential Western framework amplifies its allegorical representation of contemporary America’s cultural and political-ideological mindset. As well, the use of Horror conventions amplifies the racial anxieties generated by its use of a mythic binary construct of an adversarial relationship between whites and ‘Indians.’ To a lesser extent, the article suggests that the film also embodies certain uncontained ideological contradictions that, though undeveloped, could be said to contest its ideological coherence.
Genome Sequence of the Human Opportunistic Fungus Arthrocladium fulminans (CBS 136243)
Authors: Moreno Leandro Ferreira , Menezes da Silva Nickolas , Weiss Vinicius Almir , de Fátima Costa Flavia , Bittencourt Juliana V , Macedo Luciano Medina , Gomes Renata R , Souza Emanuel M , Vicente Vania Aparecida , Stielow Benjamin , de Hoog Sybren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The black yeast-like fungus Arthrocladium fulminans is known from strains that cause severe and eventually fatal disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. Given the dramatic outcome of this clinical case, it is essential to understand the virulence potential of this species. The fungus is a member of the family Trichomeriaceae, at some phylogenetic distance from the Herpotrichiellaceae where most infectious fungi in the order Chaetothyriales are located. Main ecological preferences among Trichomeriaceae include colonization of exposed inert surfaces. Currently, black yeasts genomes that are available in public databases cover members of the families Herpotrichiellaceae and Cyphellophoraceae. In the present report, we sequenced the genome of the first member and only clinical representative of the family Trichomeriaceae.
Genetic and Physiological Characterization of a Calcium Deficiency Phenotype in Maize
Authors: Wang Yanli , Martins Lais Bastos , Sermons Shannon , Balint-Kurti Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCalcium (Ca) is an essential plant nutrient, required for signaling, cell wall fortification and growth and development. Calcium deficiency (Ca-deficiency) in maize causes leaf tip rot and a so-called “bull-whipping” or “buggy-whipping” phenotype. Seedlings of the maize line B73 displayed these Ca-deficiency-like symptoms when grown in the greenhouse with excess fertilizer during the winter months, while seedlings of the Mo17 maize line did not display these symptoms under the same conditions. These differential phenotypes could be recapitulated in ‘mini-hydroponic’ systems in the laboratory in which high ammonium, but not nitrate, levels induced the symptoms in B73 but not Mo17 seedlings. Consistent with this phenotype being caused by Ca-deficiency, addition of Ca2+ completely relieved the symptoms. These data suggest that ammonium reduces the seedling’s ability to absorb calcium, which causes the Ca-deficiency phenotype, and that this trait varies among genotypes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a B73 x Mo17 cross was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the Ca-deficiency phenotype. QTL associated with variation in susceptibility to Ca-deficiency were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6 which explained between 3.30–9.94% of the observed variation. Several genes predicted to bind or be activated by calcium map to these QTL on chromosome 1, 2, 6. These results describe for the first time the genetics of Ca-deficiency symptoms in maize and in plants in general.
Kebijakan Pidana Dalam Pelanggaran Hak Cipta
Authors: Arifardhani Yoyo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe legal relationship between the creator / owner of rights Associated with copyright infringers is essentially a "private to private" relationship (privaaatrechtelijk). However, in Law Number 28 Year 2014 concerning Copyrights, criminal sanctions for copyright infringement are regulated, because certain matters constitute a highly despicable act in which other mechanisms other than criminal are deemed ineffective. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach and a statute approach. The results of the study stated that the application of criminal sanctions by the drafters of the law was placed as ultimum remidium because basically the victims of copyright infringement preferred to restore rights in the form of civil damages.Keywords: Criminal Law, Violation, Copyright AbstrakHubungan hukum antara Pencipta/pemilik Hak Terkait dengan pelanggar hak cipta pada hakikatnya adalah hubungan “privat to privat” (privaaatrechtelijk). Namun, dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta diatur sanksi pidana terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta, karena untuk hal-hal tertentu merupakan perbuatan yang sangat tercela dimana mekanisme lain selain pidana dianggap tidak efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur (literature approach) dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penerapan sanksi pidana oleh penyusun undang-undang ditempatkan sebagai ultimum remidium karena pada dasarnya pihak korban pelanggaran hak cipta lebih memilih pemulihan hak dalam bentuk ganti rugi perdata.Kata Kunci: Hukum Pidana, Pelanggaran, Hak cipta
Tactics of presenting evidence by a prosecutor in a judicial investigation
Authors: Pavlova Elena V. 
Published: April 2020

The article deals with individual issues of the tactics of participation of the prosecutor the public prosecutor in the basis of the part of the judicial investigation in criminal cases, which is connected with the presentation of evidence of the prosecution. It is noted that at present in the matter of determining the order of examining evidence by the parties, a unified position has been formed of both theorists and practitioners. They recognize the complete independence of the parties to determine this procedure in accordance with the tactics chosen by them.
At the same time, the author draws attention to the fact that theoretical and methodical works still do not pay enough attention to the content and essence of this activity of the prosecutor in court, despite their obvious importance. His activity in the judicial investigation largely depends on the importance of tactical methods of presenting evidence and the ability to apply them. If he does not have the appropriate professional baggage, he will have considerable difficulty in the adversary process.
The author sets out his own position regarding the content of evidence presented by the prosecutor the public prosecutor, proposes to include a definition of the relevant concept in the terminological apparatus of science of criminal procedure law and to fix it in the criminal procedure law. A derivative of it is the definition of the notion of tactics for the presentation of evidence by the prosecutor the public prosecutor. Conclusions are formulated on the need to intensify the development of up-to-date recommendations on the tactics of presenting evidence of a charge in a judicial investigation in criminal cases on crimes certain types
Mais branco do que preto na ditadura militar brasileira: a Democracia Corinthiana, o sindicalismo, a rebeldia e o rock and roll
Authors: Nascimento Sarmento-Pantoja Augusto 
Published: April 2020

Este estudo discutirá o documentário Democracia em preto e branco (2014), de Pedro Asbeg, e suas relações entre política, futebol e música. O documentário, comemorativo dos 30 anos do fim do movimento Democracia Corinthiana (1982-1984), é uma especial homenagem ao Dr. Sócrates, a figura mais emblemática do movimento político-esportivo, falecido em 2011. O filme traça seu argumento na esperança de compreender como o movimento Democracia Corinthiana sai dos campos de futebol e se transforma na ponte política para engrossar a massa de protestos a favor da democracia e pelas eleições diretas para presidente da república no Brasil. Entre as contribuições do filme para o debate entre política e futebol temos o destaque para o lateral esquerdo Wladimir, que seria, na ocasião, o principal fomentador de um projeto sindical entre os jogadores de futebol, que entretanto ficou legado a condição de coadjuvante de Sócrates e Casagrande. O primeiro marcado pela associação de mártir do movimento e o segundo pela rebeldia, rock ‘n’ roll, representante da geração 80. Nossa reflexão, busca discutir as estratégias de resistência e autoritarismo para que o movimento, tanto da democracia quanto das diretas, se tornasse mais branco do que preto. Colaboram para esse estudo reflexões de Norberto Bobbio, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Alfredo Bosi e Elcio Cornelsen.
O “lápis azul” no sport português – política, desporto e media
Authors: Pinheiro Francisco 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo pretende analisar os processos de Censura dos principais jornais desportivos portugueses, por parte do regime fascista, fazendo uma reflexão alargada sobre a relação entre política e desporto no contexto do fascismo português. O objetivo é compreender as dinâmicas do denominado “lápis azul” da Censura sobre este género de imprensa especializada e identificar as interferências do regime nas visões sobre desporto. Procedeu-se, para isso, à análise dos processos de Censura dos principais jornais desportivos portugueses, entre os anos 20 e 60 do século XX, envolvendo A Bola, Mundo Desportivo, O Norte Desportivo e Record. Procurou-se identificar as ocorrências mais relevantes, as tipologias de punições por parte dos serviços de Censura e as formas de controlo e coação da imprensa desportiva adotadas pelo regime.
PERSAINGAN ANTARA OJEK ONLINE DENGAN OJEK KONVENSIONAL DI STASIUN LEMPUYANGAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Setiyorini Kiki , Hendrastomo Grendi 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persaingan yang terjadi antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan untuk mengetahui upaya apa saja yang sudah dilakukan guna mengatasi persaingan yang ada. Persaingan ini melibatkan empat paguyuban ojek konvensional dan dua komunitas ojek online. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan narasumber penelitian; ojek konvensional, ojek online, dan pihak kementrian Perhubungan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persaingan antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan harga pada kedua jenis ojek tersebut, di mana tarif ojek online lebih murah dari pada ojek konvensional, yang berakibat pada menurunnya pendapatan bagi ojek konvensional. Persaingan yang terjadi terlihat pada penetapan harga dan proses mendapatkan penumpang. Adapun upaya yang sudah dilakukan guna mengatasi persaingan yang ada adalah berupa peraturan pengambilan penumpang bagi ojek online untuk tidak mengambil penumpang di depan stasiun. Kesepakatan ini disepakati bersama antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, meski begitu masih saja terdapat pihak ojek online yang melanggar peraturan yang sudah disepakati tersebut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i12018p029
NARASI KUASA PEREMPUAN PEKERJA BISNIS ONLINE
Authors: Sukmi Sih Natalia 
Published: April 2020

Jumlah angkatan kerja di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan jumlah partisipasi perempuan untuk bekerja. Faktanya deskriminasi perempuan dalam sektor ekonomi formal dan informal belum terselesaikan. Di sisi lain internet memberi peluang bagi perempuan untuk bekerja tanpa harus meninggalkan rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana konstruksi sosial perempuan pekerja usaha online terhadap definisi kerja dan bagaimana teknologi (internet) memberi kuasa bagi perempuan untuk mengembangkan keberdayaan mereka. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan teori kuasa pendekatan Michel Foucault dan Gramsci untuk memahami bagaimana kuasa digunakan perempuan dalam interaksinya dengan teknologi dan sistem patriaki serta sistem sosial budaya yang lebih luas. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mempunyai kuasa terhadap teknologi. Dia mendapat keuntungan secara praktis seperti menghasilkan pendapatan, lebih dihargai dan dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar. Namun ketika diperhadapkan dengan sistem patriakri dan sistem sosial yang lebih luas, perempuan nyatanya powerless. Dia terhegemoni dengan status keperempuanannya dengan menyebut dirinya “bukan pekerja”, hanya “menambah penghasilan suami” dan tetap berbeban ganda untuk menjaga keseimbangan wilayah domestik dan publik. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i12018p055
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KETAHANAN KELUARGA TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA
Authors: Saefullah Lalu , Giyasih Sri Rum , Setiyawati Diana 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga TKI dan pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap ketahanan keluarga TKI. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen dukungan sosial yang diadaptasi dari House dan Khan. Instrumen ketahanan keluarga menggunakan Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WRFQ). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 156 responden keluarga inti TKI yang merupakan anak, atau istri, atau suami, atau Ortu dari TKI yang dipilih secara acak di Desa Darmaji Kecamatan Kopang Lombok Tengah NTB. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Tingkat dukungan sosial yang diterima keluarga TKI mayoritas cukup baik. (2) Tingkat ketahanan keluarga TKI mayoritas cukup baik kecuali pada suami TKW, mayoritas ketahanan keluarganya rendah. (3) Keluarga TKI yang resilien terdapat sistem keyakinan yang kuat (mean paling tinggi). (4) Dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat (R= 0,816) serta terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga TKI (Sig F hitung = 0,00 < 0,05). (5) Analisis tambahan pada hasil uji beda, yaitu ketahanan keluarga TKI dipengaruhi juga oleh struktur keluarga TKI yang ditinggalkan dan besarnya jumlah remitan. (6) Aspek dan sumber dukungan sosial yang paling berkontribusi dan signifikan terhadap ketahanan keluarga yaitu; (a) Perspektif anak : dukungan istrumental dari luar sumber dukungan sosial penelitian ini. (b) Perspektif istri : dukungan instrumental dari lingkungan masyarakat. (c) Perspektif suami dan orang tua : dukungan penghargaan dari lingkungan masyarakat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i22018p119
Morphological Changes of the Thymus of the Juvenile White Rats Exposed to the Inhalation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Vash I. Yu. 
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to study the morphological features of the thymus of the white rats exposed to the inhalation of formaldehyde.Material and methods. 72 white male rats with an initial body weight of 130–150 g were were exposed to formaldehyde at a concentration of 2.766 mg/m3. Exposures were carried out once a day during 60 minutes. Exposure durations were 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days. We separately studied the thymus of rats, which, after 60 days of exposure to formaldehyde, were kept for 30 days in standard vivarium conditions (rehabilitation group). The structure of the thymus was studied by light microscopy.Results. The number of cells in an area of 2500 μm2 of the subcapsular zone in animals exposed to formaldehyde for 10, 20, and 30 days was 131.19±4.20, 135.65±7.74, and 135.35±10.83, respectively, which was less than the control set by 4.35%, 4.68% and 3.72%, respectively. After 40 and 60 days, this indicator was below the control by 8.90% and 9.63%.Conclusion. Inhalation of formaldehyde reduces the area of the thymus cortex. Phenomena of inversion of the cortex and the medulla are observed. Under the influence of formaldehyde, a picture of so called «starry sky» is observed in the cortical substance of the thymus. A decrease in the severity of changes in the thymus of rats belonging to the rehabilitation group, in comparison with animals that received 90 exposures, indicates that the changes are reversible.