bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 14 levels are associated with serum C‐peptide and fatty liver index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Matsushita Yuriko , Hasegawa Yutaka , Takebe Noriko , Onodera Ken , Shozushima Masaharu , Oda Tomoyasu , Nagasawa Kan , Honma Hiroyuki , Nata Koji , Sasaki Akira , Ishigaki Yasushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent studies have suggested C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), secreted from adipose tissue, to play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. However, the clinical significance of CXCL14 in humans has not been elucidated. This study aimed to assess correlations between serum CXCL14 levels and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsIn total, 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. Serum CXCL14 concentrations were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We examined the associations of serum CXCL14 levels with laboratory values, abdominal computed tomography image information, surrogate markers used for evaluating the pathological states of diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.ResultsSerum CXCL14 levels correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, and serum alanine transaminase, uric acid, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and C‐peptide (CPR) levels. In contrast, CXCL14 levels correlated inversely with age, pulse wave velocity and serum adiponectin levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed serum levels of CPR (β = 0.227, P = 0.038) and the fatty liver index (β = 0.205, P = 0.049) to be the only parameters showing independent statistically significant associations with serum CXCL14 levels.ConclusionsSerum CXCL14 levels were independently associated with serum CPR and fatty liver index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In these patients, a high serum CPR concentration might reflect insulin resistance rather than β‐cell function, because CXCL14 showed simple correlations with obesity‐related parameters. Collectively, these data suggested that serum CXCL14 levels in type 2 diabetes patients might be useful predictors of elevated serum CPR and hepatic steatosis.
The spawning location of vulnerable ferox trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the Lough Corrib and Lough Mask catchments, Western Ireland
Authors: Gargan Patrick G. , Økland Finn , Shephard Samuel , Fitzgerald Colm , O'Grady Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFerox trout are large, long‐lived, piscivorous trout normally found in deep lakes; they are highly prized by trophy anglers. Lough Corrib and Lough Mask, Western Ireland, have recorded the majority of Irish specimen ferox trout since angling records began. Little was known regarding the spawning location of ferox trout relative to sympatric brown trout, and a radio telemetry study was initiated in both catchments in 2005. Over the period 2005–2009, 79 ferox were captured by angling and radio tagged in Lough Corrib, while 55 ferox were tagged in Lough Mask. Manual and helicopter tracking were carried out on all spawning streams entering both lakes over the autumn/winter period to detect tagged fish. Overall, 37 radio‐tagged trout (46.8%) were detected in Lough Corrib streams and 21 tagged trout (38.2%) were recorded from Lough Mask streams. Results from radio tracking indicate that the majority (92%) of ferox trout tagged in Lough Corrib spawned in a single spawning stream, the Cong river, while the majority (76%) of ferox trout tagged in Lough Mask spawned in the Cong canal and Cong river. These results suggest that these streams are most likely the principle spawning locations of ferox trout in both lakes. The occurrence of ferox trout predominantly in single spawning rivers in both catchments highlights the vulnerability of the study ferox populations. As a result of these findings, conservation measures were introduced for ferox trout in both catchments.
Fingerstick Glucose Monitoring in Veterans Affairs Nursing Home Residents with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jeon Sun Y. , Shi Ying , Lee Alexandra K. , Hunt Lauren , Lipska Kasia , Boscardin John , Lee Sei 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEGuidelines recommend less intensive glycemic treatment and less frequent glucose monitoring for nursing home (NH) residents. However, little is known about the frequency of fingerstick (FS) glucose monitoring in this population. Our objective was to examine the frequency of FS glucose monitoring in Veterans Affairs (VA) NH residents with diabetes mellitus, type II (T2DM).DESIGN AND SETTINGNational retrospective cohort study in 140 VA NHs.PARTICIPANTSNH residents with T2DM and older than 65 years admitted to VA NHs between 2013 and 2015 following discharge from a VA hospital.MEASUREMENTSNH residents were classified into five groups based on their highest hypoglycemia risk glucose‐lowering medication (GLM) each day: no GLMs; metformin only; sulfonylureas; long‐acting insulin; and any short‐acting insulin. Our outcome was a daily count of FS measurements.RESULTSAmong 17,474 VA NH residents, mean age was 76 (standard deviation (SD) = 8) years and mean hemoglobin A1c was 7.6% (SD = 1.5%). On day 1 after NH admission, 49% of NH residents were on short‐acting insulin, decreasing slightly to 43% at day 90. Overall, NH residents had an average of 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8–1.9) FS measurements on NH day 1, decreasing to 1.4 (95% CI = 1.3–1.4) by day 90. NH residents on short‐acting insulin had the most frequent FS measurements, with 3.0 measurements (95% CI = 2.9–3.0) on day 1, decreasing to 2.6 measurements (95% CI = 2.5–2.7) by day 90. Less frequent FS measurements were seen for NH residents receiving long‐acting insulin (2.1 (95% CI = 2.0–2.2) on day 1) and sulfonylureas (1.7 (95% CI = 1.5–1.8) on day 1). Even NH residents on metformin monotherapy had 1.1 (95% CI = 1.1–1.2) measurements on day 1, decreasing to 0.5 (95% CI = 0.4–0.6) measurements on day 90.CONCLUSIONAlthough guidelines recommend less frequent glucose monitoring for NH residents, we found that many VA NH residents receive frequent FS monitoring. Given the uncertain benefits and potential for substantial patient burdens and harms, our results suggest decreasing FS monitoring may be warranted for many low hypoglycemia risk NH residents.
Current update of first trimester preeclampsia screening in Asia
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Yi , Huang Hui‐Yu , Chan Kok‐Seong , Chen Yen‐Tin , Chu Fu‐Chieh , Shaw Steven W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn consideration of high prevalence of preeclampsia, enormous studies attempted to look for strategies in early gestation. Hence, a powerful screening should be built up in first trimester. Then, Aspirin could be administrated for proper prevention. The objective of this article is reviewing the screening for preeclampsia in first trimester recently. To identify the high‐risk group precisely, an effective model should be recommended to Asian population. Articles related to first trimester screening of PE in Asia from databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were searched for this narrative review. The criteria included randomized clinical trials, observational prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies, systematic review and meta‐analysis and professional review articles. Screening models combining maternal factors, biophysical factors, ultrasound studies and biochemical factors achieved high predictive performance of preeclampsia. In Asia, the detection rate of the Fetal Medicine Foundation is superior to those of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Consequently, this effective model from the Fetal Medicine Foundation should be continuously used for screening in first trimester for the Asian.
Effect of oral administration of omeprazole on the microbiota of the gastric glandular mucosa and feces of healthy horses
Authors: Cerri Simona , Taminiau Bernard , de Lusancay Alexandra Hache‐Carré , Lecoq Laureline , Amory Hélène , Daube Georges , Cesarini Carla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOmeprazole administration is associated with changes in gastric and fecal microbiota and increased incidence of Clostridioides difficile enterocolitis in humans and dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesStudy purpose was to assess the effect of omeprazole on gastric glandular and fecal microbiota in healthy adult horses.AnimalsEight healthy horses stabled on straw and fed 100% haylage.MethodsProspective controlled study. Transendoscopic gastric glandular biopsies, gastric fluid, and fecal samples were obtained from each horse twice at a 7‐day interval before the administration of omeprazole. Samples were taken on the same horses before and after a 7‐day administration of omeprazole (4 mg/kg PO q24h). pH was assessed on fresh gastric fluid and other samples were kept at −20°C until analysis. Bacterial taxonomy profiling was obtained by V1V3 16S amplicon sequencing from feces and gastric glandular biopsies. Analysis of alpha, beta diversity, and comparison between time points were performed with MOTHUR and results were considered significant when P < .05.ResultsGastric pH increased significantly after 7 days of omeprazole administration (P = .006). Omeprazole did not induce significant major changes in composition of fecal or gastric glandular microbiota, however, after administration, certain microbial genera became more predominant in the gastric glandular mucosa (lower Simpson's evenness, P = .05). Only the genus Clostridium sensu strictu_1 had a significant shift in the glandular gastric mucosa after omeprazole administration (P = .002). No population shifts were observed in feces.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOral administration of omeprazole could have fewer effects in gastrointestinal microbiota in the horse compared to other species.
Historical isolation facilitates species radiation by sexual selection: Insights fromChorthippusgrasshoppers
Authors: Nolen Zachary J. , Yildirim Burcin , Irisarri Iker , Liu Shanlin , Groot Crego Clara , Amby Daniel Buchvaldt , Mayer Frieder , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Pereira Ricardo J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheoretical and empirical studies have shown that species radiations are facilitated when a trait under divergent natural selection is also involved in sexual selection. It is yet unclear how quick and effective radiations are where assortative mating is unrelated to the ecological environment and primarily results from sexual selection. We address this question using sympatric grasshopper species of the genusChorthippus, which have evolved strong behavioural isolation while lacking noticeable ecomorphological divergence. Mitochondrial genomes suggest that the radiation is relatively recent, dating to the mid‐Pleistocene, which leads to extensive incomplete lineage sorting throughout the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Nuclear data shows that hybrids are absent in sympatric localities but that all species have experienced gene flow, confirming that reproductive isolation is strong but remains incomplete. Demographic modelling is most consistent with a long period of geographic isolation, followed by secondary contact and extensive introgression. Such initial periods of geographic isolation might facilitate the association between male signaling and female preference, permitting the coexistence of sympatric species that are genetically, morphologically, and ecologically similar, but otherwise behave mostly as good biological species.
Laboratory monitoring during antifungal treatment of paediatric tinea capitis
Authors: Aleohin Natalie , Bar Jonathan , Bar‐Ilan Efrat , Samuelov Liat , Sprecher Eli , Mashiah Jacob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGriseofulvin and terbinafine are considered effective first‐line therapies for tinea capitis (TC). Haematological dyscrasias and hepatic injury are possible adverse effects with both drugs. There is a debate in the literature regarding the necessity of laboratory monitoring during griseofulvin and terbinafine treatment. We aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of haematological and hepatic laboratory test abnormalities in a paediatric cohort of African immigrants in Tel‐Aviv with TC who were treated with Terbinafine or Griseofulvin. We conducted a retrospective study of all TC cases diagnosed and treated at the paediatric dermatology clinic, Tel‐Aviv Medical centre, between June 2013 and March 2019. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Our cohort included 321 patients of whom 225 (70%) were treated with Griseofulvin and 96 (30%) with Terbinafine. We identified a total of 64 (20%) patients with haematological or hepatic laboratory test abnormalities that in most cases (96.3%) were considered as mild. No difference in laboratory abnormalities prevalence was identified between the griseofulvin and terbinafine groups (21.3% and 16.6%, respectively). Only one patient treated with Griseofulvin revealed significantly increased levels of hepatic aminotransferases that required discontinuation of treatment. Mild elevation in hepatic transaminases is relatively common among paediatric patients treated with systemic antifungal treatment for TC. However, significant laboratory abnormalities are extremely rare and may be diagnosed and addressed early through periodic laboratory tests monitoring.
Melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Balaji Thodur Madapusi , Varadarajan Saranya , Jagannathan Raghunathan , Gupta Archana A. , Raj A. Thirumal , Patil Shankargouda , Fageeh Hammam Ibrahim , Fageeh Hytham N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim was to provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of any potential differences in melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state. The keyword combination “melatonin” AND “periodontitis” was searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were performed on articles satisfying the inclusion criteria. Only 14 studies were included in the systematic review, out of which only 10 had quantitative data compatible with a meta‐analysis. Ten studies demonstrated low melatonin in periodontitis, three studies demonstrated an initial reduction in melatonin levels followed by elevation with worsening of periodontitis, and one study showed an elevation in melatonin levels in the transition from a healthy state to periodontitis. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation revealed that all the included studies had low to very low overall evidence. The meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < .0001) in salivary melatonin levels in chronic periodontitis (3.26 ± 3.44 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (5.27 ± 5.39 pg/ml), with a mean difference of 2.65 ± 7.84 and a confidence interval of 1.94–3.36. The significantly lower salivary melatonin levels in periodontitis must be inferred with caution given the low quality of the included studies.
‘It’s in the silence you feel you hear’
Authors: Vilmar Therese Wiwe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ekphrasis dates back to Antiquity and is firmly established as a concept in literary criticism. In 1994 W. J. T. Mitchell outlined the modern interpretation of ekphrasis as the ‘verbal representation of visual representation’. This article discusses a similar intermedial occurrence that is largely overlooked in literary theory: melophrasis, which could be defined as the ‘verbal representation of musical representation’. Using the main arguments of ekphrasis theory, the article engages in a critical dialogue with existing word and music research by Werner Wolf in particular. Instead of focusing on the mediality and formality of music in literature, this article is interested in the reading experience: the musicality evoked by melophrases. The purpose is to propose an analytical framework for literary scholars, and the article thus suggests two broad melophrastic categories inspired by film music theory and narratology: diegetic (the level of the plot/characters) and non‐diegetic (the level of the text/reader). This is demonstrated in two canonical works: a diegetic melophrasis that is the Vinteuil Sonata in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time (1913–1927), and the non‐diegetic fugue chapter ‘Sirens’ in James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922). The article argues that melophrases create aesthetic intermedial reading experiences with a significant musical quality: a feeling of hearing.
Current Treatment Modalities for Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Mainland China: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Ze‐qing , Fu Fan‐yu , Li Wen‐long , Tan Biao , He Hai‐jun , Liu Wen‐gang , Chen Wei‐heng 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of treatment modalities for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in mainland China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on the online application of China Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Database (CONFHD). Between July 2016 to December 2018, the CONFHD program planned to recruit ONFH patients from 12 administrative areas across mainland China. Real‐world medical records of treatment regimens for these patients, including surgeries and prescriptions, were approved to upload to the CONFHD application for further analysis. The surgeries performed on these patients were classified into total hip arthroplasty and hip‐preserving procedures, and the latter was further classified into core decompression, bone grafting, and tantalum rod implantation. Prescription medications were classified into chemical medicine and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM); chemical medicine was further classified according to their chemical compounds, and CHM was classified according to therapeutic functions based on traditional Chinese medicine theory. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the application of different treatment regimens on the overall sample.ResultsA total of 1491 patients (2381 hips) who fulfilled the protocol criteria were included. There were 1039 males and 452 females with a mean age of 47.29 ± 12.69 years. The causes of ONFH were alcoholism in 642 patients (43%), corticosteroid in 439 patients (29%), trauma in 239 patients (16%), and idiopathic ONFH in 171 patients (11%). Operative treatments (including total hip arthroplasty and hip‐preserving procedures) were performed on 49% of patients (43% of hips), chemical medicine therapy (including bisphosphonate, statins, and prostacyclin) was given to 37% of patients (37% of hips), and CHM was administrated to 72% of patients (75% of hips). The aforementioned interventions were not always used alone, since 47% of patients (52% of hips) received combined regimens with multiple interventions. Among hips treated by surgery, all hips with ARCO stage IV ONFH received THA (305 hips), and THA was also performed on 63 hips with stage II ONFH. Over half of hips with stage I (81%), II (91%), and III (92%) ONFH had received pharmacological treatments. Prostacyclin and bisphosphonate were the top two most prescribed medicines used alone. CHM therapies with multiple CHM functions were more commonly prescribed.ConclusionCurrent treatment modalities for ONFH patients in mainland China include operative treatment, chemical medicine, and CHM. Combined regimens with different treatment modalities are common in real‐world clinical practices.
Associations between pediatric asthma and adult non‐communicable diseases
Authors: Juber Nirmin F. , Lee Chien‐Chang , Pan Wen‐Chi , Liu Jason J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there is no comprehensive study examining how asthma diagnosed in childhood or adolescence is associated with diagnoses of subsequent non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) during adulthood. Our study aimed to examine the associations between pediatric asthma and several adult NCDs, with temporality and long interval times between asthma and NCD diagnoses.MethodsWe used RAND Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (IFLS5) fielded in 2014‐2015, to study whether being diagnosed with pediatric asthma at 0‐19 years of age was associated with increased risks of hypertension, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, stomach diseases, kidney diseases, and heart diseases or stroke diagnosed in adulthood. We used the weighted Poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, urbanicity, and insurance status to estimate risk ratios. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age of asthma and other NCD diagnoses.ResultsPediatric asthma significantly increased risks of hypertension, diabetes, and stomach diseases diagnosed at 20 years of age or above. Males with pediatric asthma diagnosed at 0‐10 years of age had significantly higher risk of hypertension, while females with pediatric asthma diagnosed at 0‐10 years of age had significantly higher risks of diabetes and stomach diseases. Females with pediatric asthma diagnosed at 11‐19 years of age had significantly higher risks of diabetes, arthritis, stomach diseases, and kidney diseases. We also found varying associations by age of NCD diagnosis.ConclusionOur results suggest pediatric asthma is associated with increased risks of several adult NCDs, and these associations may vary by sex and age of asthma and other NCD diagnoses.
Adenoviral‐induced rash and mucositis: Expanding the spectrum of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption
Authors: Gámez‐González Luisa Berenise , Peña‐Varela Claudia , Ramírez‐López Jesus Moises , Yamazaki‐Nakashimada Marco Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMucocutaneous eruptions associated with respiratory pathogens, specifically Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), has recently been described as a MIRM (MP‐induced rash and mucositis). The term reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) has been proposed, since non‐MP pathogens may also cause a similar rash and mucositis. We report two cases with clinical manifestations suggestive of MIRM/RIME, both with documented adenovirus infection.
Cataract Formation by Near‐infrared Radiation in Rabbits
Authors: Okuno Tsutomu , Kojima Masami , Yamaguchi‐Sekino Sachiko , Ishiba Yoshihisa , Suzuki Yukihisa , Sliney David H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurveys and epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of cataracts in workers in the glass and steel industries. These cataracts are associated with exposure to intense infrared radiation (IR) emitted from heated materials and industrial furnaces. Thermal model calculations predicted that near and far IR would cause cataract with different mechanisms. The present study investigated cataract formation by near IR. Eyes of pigmented rabbits were exposed to IR at a wavelength of 808 nm. Morphological changes in the anterior segment of the eye were assessed by slit‐lamp microscopy, and temperature distributions in the anterior chamber of the eye were observed during IR exposure using microencapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals. Cortical cataract appeared below the exposed area of the iris in eyes that had been exposed for 6 min to an irradiance of 1.27 W cm−2 or higher. The monitored temperature in the anterior chamber began to increase in the region adjacent to the exposed area of the iris with the onset of IR exposure. These results demonstrate that 808‐nm IR is absorbed and converted to heat within the iris, which is then conducted to the lens and produce a cataract, as Goldmann theory states.