bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association links candidate genes to fruit firmness, fruit flesh color, flowering time, and soluble solid content in apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
Authors: Ferik Filiz , Ates Duygu , Ercisli Sezai , Erdogan Abdullah , Orhan Emine , Tanyolac Muhammed Bahattin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApricots originated from China, Central Asia and the Near East and arrived in Anatolia, and particularly in their second homeland of Malatya province in Turkey. Apricots are outstanding summer fruits, with their beautiful attractive colour, delicious sweet taste, aroma and high vitamin and mineral content. In the current study, a total of 259 apricot genotypes from different geographical origins in Turkey were used. Significant variations were detected in fruit firmness (FF), fruit flesh color (FFC), flowering time (FT), and soluble solid content (SSC). A total of 11,532 SNPs based on DArT were developed and used in the analyses of population structure and association mapping (AM). According to the STRUCTURE (v.2.2) analysis, the apricot genotypes were divided into three groups. The mixed linear model with Q and K matrixes were used to detect the associations between the SNPs and four traits. A total of 131 SNPs were associated with FF, FFC, and SSC. The results demonstrated that AM had high potential of revealing the markers associated with economically important traits in apricot.
Removing auto-activators from yeast-two-hybrid assays by conditional negative selection
Authors: Shivhare Devendra , Julca Irene , Gluza Pawel , Mutwil Marek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractYeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) is widely used as a strategy to detect protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Recent advancements have made it possible to generate and analyse genome-wide PPI networks en masse by coupling Y2H with next-generation sequencing technology. However, one of the major challenges of yeast two-hybrid assay is the large amount of false-positive hits caused by auto-activators (AAs), which are proteins that activate the reporter genes without the presence of an interacting protein partner. Here, we have developed a negative selection to minimize these auto-activators by integrating thepGAL2-URA3fragment into the yeast genome. Upon activation of the pGAL2 promoter by an AA, yeast cells expressingURA3cannot grow in media supplemented with 5-Fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). Hence, we selectively inhibit the growth of yeast cells expressing auto-activators and thus minimizing the amount of false-positive hits. Here, we have demonstrated that auto-activators can be successfully removed from aMarchantia polymorphacDNA library usingpGAL2-URA3and 5-FOA treatment, in liquid and solid-grown cultures. Furthermore, sinceURA3can also serve as a marker for uracil autotrophy, we propose that our approach is a valuable addition to any large-scale Y2H screen.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BASELINE AND POST-PROCESSED CHEST X-RAY IN NONEARLY COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Gaeta Michele , Cicero Giuseppe , Marino Maria Adele , D’Angelo Tommaso , Mormina Enricomaria , Mazziotti Silvio , Blandino Alfredo , Siracusano Giulio , La Corte Aurelio , Chiappini Massimo , Finocchio Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCT is a very sensitive technique to detect pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. However, it is impaired by high costs, logistic issues and high risk of exposure.Chest x-ray (CXR) is a low-cost, low-risk, not time consuming technique and is emerging as the recommended imaging modality to use in COVID-19 pandemic.This technique, although less sensitive than CT-scan, can provide useful information about pulmonary involvement.PurposeTo describe chest x-ray features of COVID-19 pneumonia and to evaluate the sensitivity of this technique in detecting pneumonia. A further scope is to assess the effectiveness of a post-processing algorithm in improving lung lesions detectability.Materials and Methods72 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 underwent bedside chest X-ray.Two radiologists were asked to express their opinion about: (i) presence of pneumonia (negative or positive); (ii) localization (unilateral or bilateral); (iii) topography (according to pulmonary fields); (iv) density (non consolidative ground-glass or inhomogeneous opacities; consolidative nodular-type or triangular; mixed consolidative e non-consolidative); and (v) presence of pleural effusion. The point (i) was evaluated separately, while the other points in consensus.A quality assessment of post-processed x-ray images was performed by two different readers.ResultsThe agreement about presence of pneumonia was almost perfect with K value of 0.933 and p < 0.001.Sensitivity was 69%.The following findings were seen: unilateral lung involvement in 50%; lower lung lesions in 54%; peripheral distribution in 48%; and non-consolidative pattern in 44%.Post-processed images improved the detection of lesions in 7 out 72 patients (≅10%)ConclusionCXR owns a good sensitivity in detecting COVID-19 lung involvement. Use of post-processing algorithm can improve detection of lesions. Our data support recommendations of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) to consider chest x-ray as first step imaging examination in Covid-19 patients.SUMMARYBedside CXR has a good sensitivity in evaluating COVID-19 lung involvement in hospitalized patients and should be considered as the first step imaging technique according to RSNA recommendations.KEY RESULTSBedside CXR has a good sensitivity in evaluating COVID-19 lung involvement in non-early clinical cases.The most common findings of lung involvement were slight different from the well-described CT-ones, with less common patterns of bilateral and peripheral distribution.Post-processing algorithm enhances detection of pulmonary lesions.
Greater Bay Area: a market-driven plan to enhance quality of life and development
Authors: Ho Lok Sang 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the nature of the Greater Bay Area Plan and to refute various myths about the initiative. The economic vigor of the Greater Bay Area is based on agglomeration economies from the city cluster and on the access to important ports. The Plan aims at motivating policy makers at different levels to work together to create new possibilities.Design/methodology/approachThis is based on policy analysis informed by economic theory and evidence.FindingsThe Greater Bay Area Plan enhances the freedoms enjoyed by people living in any of the 11 cities in the area. Its design and the roles assigned to the different cities in the Outline Plan shows that it does not go against market forces but instead works with them. The impediments caused by the three custom areas, three currencies and different legal systems make it imperative for policy makers in the different cities and other levels of government to work together to remove or at least alleviate the impediments.Originality/valueIt dispels the myths that have prevailed since the Outline Plan was released in February 2019 and identifies how it can increase freedoms and manifest the potential of the Greater Bay Area.
A novel approach to emergency risk assessment using FMEA with extended MULTIMOORA method under interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy environment
Authors: Li Huimin , Lv Lelin , Li Feng , Wang Lunyan , Xia Qing 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe application of the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) technique has been widely questioned in evaluation information, risk factor weights and robustness of results. This paper develops a novel FMEA framework with extended MULTIMOORA method under interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy environment to solve these problems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper introduces innovatively interval-value Pythagorean fuzzy weighted averaging (IVPFWA) operator, Tchebycheff metric distance and interval-value Pythagorean fuzzy weighted geometric (IVPFWG) operator into the MULTIMOORA submethods to obtain the risk ranking order for emergencies. Finally, an illustrative case is provided to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of the novel fuzzy FMEA framework.FindingsThe feasibility and validity of the proposed method are verified by comparing with the existing methods. The calculation results indicate that the proposed method is more consistent with the actual situation of project and has more reference value.Practical implicationsThe research results can provide supporting information for risk management decisions and offer decision-making basis for formulation of the follow-up emergency control and disposal scheme, which has certain guiding significance for the practical popularization and application of risk management strategies in the infrastructure projects.Originality/valueA novel approach using FMEA with extended MULTIMOORA method is developed under IVPF environment, which considers weights of risk factors and experts. The method proposed has significantly improved the integrity of information in expert evaluation and the robustness of results.
The friction and wear behaviors of polyimide bearing retainer under point-contact condition
Authors: Zhang Yafeng , Zhang Shaohua , Zhou Gang , Zhang Jiang , Qing Tao , Zhou Ningning 
Published: April 2020

PurposeRandom point-contact between the space bearing retainer and the rolling elements may cause wear of the space bearing retainer. The paper aims to clarify the friction and wear behaviors of polyimide bearing retainer under point-contact condition.Design/methodology/approachSpace bearing retainers were cut into flat specimens and the tribological behaviors of the specimens were studied under point-contact condition using a friction and wear testing machine. Different sliding velocities and normal loads were used to simulate the running state of space bearing retainer. The wear behaviors of the space bearing retainer were analyzed by SEM and white light interferometer.FindingsThe friction coefficient of the polyimide composites decreased with increase in sliding velocity from 1  to 5 mm/s. Moreover, with increase in sliding velocity and normal load, the wear rate of the polyimide composites decreased and increased, respectively. Moreover, the wear behaviors of the polyimide composites were mainly determined by the combined actions of ploughing friction and adhesive friction. The lubricating properties of transfer film and wear debris were limited under point-contact condition.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the understanding of the wear mechanism of the polyimide composites space bearing retainer under point-contact condition and then to optimize space bearing retainer materials further.Originality/valueUnder point-contact condition, wear debris can hardly participate in the friction process because of limited contact area. Consequently, the wear debris has limited impact on the wear process to decrease the friction and wear.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2020-0017/
Determinant and priority factors of innovation for the development of nations
Authors: Barrichello Alcides , Santos Emerson Gomes dos , Morano Rogerio Scabim 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to identify the countries’ innovation factors that are determinant for them to achieve higher levels of development. In addition, the research identified which of these factors should be prioritized so the countries can move up in the rank of the most competitive.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used the indicators of innovation and the stage of development of 137 countries proposed by the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum and techniques of multivariate data analysis.

Findings
The results indicated that all the factors tested are determinant to lead the countries throughout their stages of development. The research highlights that the factors “Quality of scientific research institutions” and “Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent applications” should be equally prioritized for the countries’ development.

Practical implications
The results suggested that the factors Capacity for Innovation, Quality of Scientific Research Institutions, Company Spending on Research and Development (R&D), University–Industry Collaboration in R&D, Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products, Availability of Scientists and Engineers and PCT Patent Applications are decisive for positioning countries in terms of their stage of development and should be part of their public policy and enterprises’ strategic planning.

Originality/value
The findings show that countries should prioritize the factors Quality of Scientific Research Institutions and PCT Patent Applications, as these factors, when acting together, predict the evolution to higher stages of development.
From freemium to premium: the roles of consumption values and game affordance
Authors: Wang Le , Gao Yu , Yan Jie , Qin Jianqun 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to facilitate understanding of how to convert free players to paid consumers in free-to-play games.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the consumption value framework and affordance theory, the present study argues that in-game purchase behaviors are determined by multiple consumption values of in-game items. The perceptions of consumption values were influenced by game affordances. The model was tested, using data from an empirical survey with 2,006 free-to-play game players.FindingsMonetary, enjoyment and social values of in-game items positively predict purchase behaviors in free-to-play games. Game fairness and balance of challenges and skills significantly influence perceived enjoyment value.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study provide operable implications to facilitate in-game consumption. The model was tested within the context of free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games; however, caution is advisable when generalizing the findings to other subgenre of games.Originality/valueThis study extended and thus validated the consumption value framework in the context of free-to-play MOBA games. This study explored the antecedents of consumption values from the perspective of game affordance.
Corporate social responsibility in Austrian family firms: socioemotional wealth and stewardship insights from a qualitative approach
Authors: Kuttner Michael , Feldbauer-Durstmüller Birgit , Mitter Christine 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper provides a comprehensive view about corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Austrian family firms. In detail, the conceptual understanding, motives for, institutionalisation, planning and the outcomes of CSR are investigated. The authors refer to socioemotional wealth and stewardship aspects as explanation approaches for CSR in family firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study offers new insights into CSR in Austrian family firms based on qualitative data from 30 companies.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that despite numerous social, environmental and economic activities, referral to CSR is just in the beginning, indicating a lack of dissemination of the concept of CSR. The main motives for CSR engagement are image and reputation concerns, a strengthened regional embeddedness and employee-related improvements. Social CSR activities concerning employees and the close company surroundings dominate, whilst environmental CSR measures are often determined by the need for fulfilling the requirements of eco-certifications.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing CSR literature by offering deeper insights into CSR in Austrian family firms (e.g. motives and outcomes of CSR), which are discussed under socioemotional wealth and stewardship aspects. Moreover, a broad range of implications for future research and corporate practice (e.g. family firms, owning family, policy) are discussed.
Imposition of trade tariffs by the USA on China: implications for the WTO and international trade law
Authors: Nwoke Uchechukwu 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The increased integration of national economies and the belief that international trade is beneficial to societies has led to the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), to regulate the conduct of international trade by national governments. Using US domestic legislation and case laws, as well as the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the legality or otherwise of the recent imposition of unilateral trade tariffs by the USA on China.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a doctrinal approach through a critical review of extant legislation and case laws. Drawing from existing literature in the area of WTO and international trade law, the paper argues that the imposition of tariffs by the Trump administration is outside the scope provided for by the WTO rules.

Findings
The paper finds that the imposition of unilateral tariffs by the Trump Government, while in breach of US domestic legislation and case laws, as well as the country’s obligations under the GATT 1994, portends a clear danger to the continued existence of the WTO and to international trade in general.

Originality/value
This paper is an original study of the author, which extends the body of knowledge in the area of international trade law, by analyzing the possible implications of the imposition of trade tariffs by the USA on China and offering suggestions on how the impasse can be resolved.
Gender differences in innovation: the role of ambidextrous leadership of the team leads
Authors: Zuraik Abdelrahman , Kelly Louise , Perkins Vernita 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study explores the impact of gender on team leadership style and how it impacts team innovation outcomes using the ambidexterity theory (opening and closing behaviors) of leadership for innovation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 215 self-report surveys of team members were collected for hypothesis testing. This study tests whether team leader gender moderates the relationship between ambidextrous team leadership and team innovation.FindingsFemale team leaders are engaged in less opening behaviors of ideation, risk-taking and exploration than their male counterparts. Additionally, when female leaders engaged in closing behaviors, which include assigning roles and timelines, they had less impact than the closing behaviors of their male colleagues. Female team leaders were perceived as less effective in leading innovation than males.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examines the influence of gender on team leadership and innovation outcomes. There are drawbacks of cross-sectional data, sample selection issues and potential problems of percept–percept relationships.Practical implicationsThese findings suggest that female team leads may need greater organizational support and organizational senior leadership support to take risks (opening behavior) to produce greater team innovation and increase leader visibility.Social implicationsSociety can achieve even greater innovation outcomes by understanding and addressing the unique obstacles woman team leaders face with innovation. Organizations can benefit from innovation and resilience by supporting women team leaders in their diverse delivery of innovation.Originality/valueThis is the first study to look at the influence of gender and leadership on team innovation outcomes. Ambidextrous leadership theory provides insights into the specific challenges woman team leaders experience; however, so far no research has addressed the innovation outcome challenges female team leaders encounter. Since innovation and leadership can be a key component of visibility, compensation and promotion, it is necessary to investigate the challenges female team leads face in the innovation process.
Gender and job performance: linking the high performance work system with the ability–motivation–opportunity framework
Authors: Edgar Fiona , Blaker Nancy M. , Everett André M. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeFor some years, human resource management (HRM) scholars have sought to understand how the high performance work system (HPWS) impacts performance. Recently, attention has turned to developing knowledge about the more micro-level aspects of this relationship, with the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework providing a useful lens. Empirically, these studies have produced mixed results. This study explores whether context is useful in explaining these anomalous findings.Design/methodology/approachThis study considered the effects of context across two levels – the descriptive (situated demography–gender) and the analytical (societal–national culture) – on employees' behaviour in the HPWS–job performance relationship using survey data obtained from a sample of New Zealand organisations.FindingsResults indicate that the employee demographic of gender may play an influential role, with ability found to be the most significant predictor of job performance for males and opportunity the strongest predictor of job performance for females. Given the importance of cultural context when examining employees' gendered behaviours, this study also considers the influence of New Zealand's national culture.Practical implicationsBy describing the interaction between trait expressive work behaviours and job features, this study dispels the myth of universalism. In line with a contingency view, practitioners are encouraged to ensure alignment between features of their organisational context and the behavioural outcomes sought from their HPWS.Originality/valueThis study suggests HPWS research designs would benefit from analysing the full effects of contextual variables, rather than considering them purely as controls.
The moral arc of the library: what are our duties and limitations after 45?
Authors: Cheshire Kelsey , Stout Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the question of whether or not librarians can ethically remain politically neutral in the wake of the 45th administration. The authors take a critical look at the American Library Association’s Code of Ethics, as well as the concept of vocational awe, and recommend challenging the “sacredness” of neutrality as a core tenet of the profession. Additionally, the authors describe the history of white privilege within libraries and argue that it is time to actively fight white supremacy and disavow the profession’s history of replicating racist social structures.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a researched think piece designed to encourage critical thought about long-held idealistic beliefs in the profession.

Findings
This study suggests that despite the profession’s history of outwardly valuing “neutrality,” libraries are not and have never been neutral. Libraries have chosen, time and again, to value white privilege and a white frame of reference to the detriment of librarians and patrons of color. Because many librarians also see the profession as upholding “sacred” ideals like neutrality, we fall into the trap of being unable to criticize our own profession and practices and, therefore, are unable to make much needed changes.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on the opinions of the authors and on the opinions of authors they have cited. It contains no original quantitative or qualitative research.

Originality/value
This study challenges the long-held assumptions that the profession has taken for granted over the past century. The authors argue that it is good and necessary to question the Code of Ethics, vocational awe and neutrality with the goal of improving the profession in light of the current cultural and political climate.