bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20‐Hydroxyecdysone regulates the prophenoloxidase cascade to immunize Metarhizium anisopliae in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Han Pengfei , Gong Qitian , Fan Jiqiao , Zhang Min , Abbas Mureed , Zhu Wenya , Deng Sufang , Xing Shuping , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDPPO (prophenoloxidase) cascade plays an important role in resisting invasion of entomogenous fungus. The 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) exerts potent effect on the innate immunity in many insects. However, whether 20E controls the PPO cascade system against fungi and the regulatory mechanism in insects remains unclear.RESULTSIn this study, both the proteome and transcriptome of Locusta migratoria were determined followed by the induction of 20E. Pattern recognition receptor GNBP‐2 (Gram‐negative binding proteins) has been identified that responded to 20E at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The PPO gene expression in fat body and PO (phenoloxidase) activity in plasma was found significantly induced after 20E injection and during the high‐20E developmental stage. However, when 20E signal was blocked by RNA interference (RNAi) of ecdysone receptor, the expression level of PPO and PO activity failed to be increased by 20E. Thus, 20E could not significantly induce the expression of PPO gene and PO activity after RNAi of GNBP‐2. Furthermore, 20E treatment notably enhanced the resistance of L. migratoria against Metarhizium anisopliae. Followed by of GNBP‐2 silencing, the mortality of nymphs was significantly increased under the stress of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 20E injection could not increase the resistance.CONCLUSIONThe 20E regulates the PPO system to resist fungal invasion via regulating GNBP‐2 in worldwide pest L. migratoria. Our results provide insight into the mechanism of how 20E enhances the antimicrobial immunity, and will be beneficial for modification of entomogenous fungi targeting on hormones and the immune system. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlling Long‐Distance Photoactuation with Protein Additives
Authors: Zhao Jian , Li Qian , Miao Bianliang , Pi Hemu , Yang Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong‐distance wireless actuation indicates precise remote control over materials, sensors, and devices that are widely utilized in biomedical, defence, disaster relief, deep ocean, and outer space applications to replace human work. Unlike radio frequency (RF) control, which has low tolerance toward electromagnetic interference (EMI), light control represents a promising method to overcome EMI. Nonetheless, long‐distance light‐controlled wireless actuation able to compete with RF control has not been achieved until now due to the lack of highly light‐sensitive actuator designs. Here, it is demonstrate that amyloid‐like protein aggregates can organize photomodule single‐layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into a well‐defined multilayer stack to display long‐distance photoactuation. The amyloid‐like proteinaceous component docks the rGO layers together to form a hybrid film, which can reliably adhere onto various material surfaces with robust interfacial adhesion. The sensitive photothermal effect and a fast bending in 1 s to switch a circuit are achieved after forming the film on a plastic substrate and irradiating the bilayer film with a blue laser from 100 m away. A photoactuation distance of 50 km can be further extrapolated based on a commercial high‐power laser. This study reveals the great potential of amyloid‐like aggregates in remote light control of robots and devices.
Prodrug‐Based Versatile Nanomedicine for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy by Increasing Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Bai Shuang , Yang Lei‐Lei , Wang Yajun , Zhang Tian , Fu Lvqin , Yang Shaochen , Wan Shucheng , Wang Shuo , Jia Die , Li Baosheng , Xue Peng , Kang Yuejun , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Xu Zhigang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanoparticle‐based tumor immunotherapy has emerged to show great potential for simultaneously regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, reducing the unpleasant side effects, and activating tumor immunity. Herein, an excipient‐free glutathione/pH dual‐responsive prodrug nanoplatform is reported for immunotherapy, simply by sequentially liberating 5‐aminolevulinic acid and immunogenically inducing doxorubicin drug molecules, which can leverage the acidity and reverse tumor microenvironment. The obtained nanoplatform effectively boosts the immune system by promoting dendritic cell maturation and reducing the number of immune suppressive immune cells, which shows the enhanced adjunctive effect of anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 therapy. Overall, the prodrug‐based immunotherapy nanoplatform may offer a reliable strategy for improving synergistic antitumor efficacy.
Light‐Emitting Nanophotonic Designs Enabled by Ultrafast Laser Processing of Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhizhchenko Alexey Y. , Tonkaev Pavel , Gets Dmitry , Larin Artem , Zuev Dmitry , Starikov Sergey , Pustovalov Eugeny V. , Zakharenko Alexander M. , Kulinich Sergei A. , Juodkazis Saulius , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A. , Makarov Sergey V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanophotonics based on resonant nanostructures and metasurfaces made of halide perovskites have become a prospective direction for efficient light manipulation at the subwavelength scale in advanced photonic designs. One of the main challenges in this field is the lack of large‐scale low‐cost technique for subwavelength perovskite structures fabrication preserving highly efficient luminescence. Here, unique properties of halide perovskites addressed to their extremely low thermal conductivity (lower than that of silica glass) and high defect tolerance to apply projection femtosecond laser lithography for nanofabrication with precise spatial control in all three dimensions preserving the material luminescence efficiency are employed. Namely, with CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite highly ordered nanoholes and nanostripes of width as small as 250 nm, metasurfaces with periods less than 400 nm, and nanowire lasers as thin as 500 nm, corresponding to the state‐of‐the‐art in multistage expensive lithographical methods are created. Remarkable performance of the developed approach allows to demonstrate a number of advanced optical applications, including morphology‐controlled photoluminescence yield, structural coloring, optical‐ information encryption, and lasing.
Chalcogenide Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Soft Imprint‐Assisted Photodoping of Silver
Authors: Wei Le , Qian Jingjing , Dong Liang , Lu Meng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work presents a low‐cost, large‐scale nanofabrication approach that combines imprint lithography and silver doping (IL‐SD) to pattern chalcogenide glass (ChG) films for realizing IR devices. The IL‐SD method involves controled photodoping of silver (Ag) atoms into ChG films and selective removing of undoped ChG. For photodoping of Ag, an Ag‐coated elastomer stamp is brought in contact with the ChG film and exposed to ultraviolet light, and subsequently, the Ag atoms are photo‐dissolved into the ChG film following the nanopatterns on the elastomer stamp. Due to the high wet‐etching selectivity of the undoped ChG to Ag‐doped one, the ChG film can be precisely patterned with a spatial resolution on the order of a few tens of nanometers. Also, by controling the lateral diffusion of Ag atoms during ultraviolet exposure, it is possible to adjust the size of the final patterns formed in the ChG film. As an application demonstration of the IL‐SD process, the As2S3‐based near‐infrared photonic crystals (PhCs) in the wavelength range and flexible midinfrared PhCs are formed, and their optical resonances are investigated. The IL‐SD process enables the low‐cost fabrication of ChG nanostructures on different substrate materials and gives a great promise to realize various IR devices.
Molecule‐Induced p‐Doping in Perovskite Nanocrystals Enables Efficient Color‐Saturated Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Haoran , Dou Yongjiang , Shen Piaoyang , Kong Lingmei , Yuan Hao , Luo Yun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yang Xuyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColor‐saturated red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelengths at around 620–640 nm are an essential part of high‐definition displays. Metal halide perovskites with very narrow emission linewidth are promising emitters, and rapid progress has been made in perovskite‐based LEDs (PeLEDs); however, the efficiency of the current color—pure red PeLEDs—still far lags behind those of other‐colored ones. Here, a simple but efficient strategy is reported to gradually down‐shift the Fermi level of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) by controlling the interaction between NCs and their surface molecular electron acceptor—benzyl iodide with aromatic rings—and realize p‐doping in the color‐saturated 625 nm emitting NCs, which significantly reduces the hole injection barrier in devices. Besides, both the luminescence efficiency and electric conductivity of perovskite NCs are enhanced as additional advantages as the result of surface defects passivation. As a result, the external quantum efficiency for the resulting LED is increased from 4.5% to 12.9% after benzyl iodide treatment, making this device the best‐performing color‐saturated red PeLED so far. It is further found that the hole injection plays a more critical role than the photoluminescence efficiency of perovskite emitter in determining the LED performance, which implies design principles for efficient thin‐film planar LEDs.
Determination of lacosamide in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yadlapalli Siva Sankara Rao , Katari Naresh Kumar , Manabolu Surya Surendra Babu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA highly sensitive, specific, and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of lacosamide in human plasma has been developed using lacosamide d6 as an internal standard with 50 µL of human plasma. Protein precipitation technique was used to extract the analyte from human plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on ZODIAC C18, 4.6 × 100 mm, 5 µm column using an isocratic mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid buffer (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the recent US FDA guidelines and the calibration curve obtained was linear (r2 = 998) over the concentration range 0.075–25.461 µg/mL. API‐4500 liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was operated with multiple reaction monitoring mode during the entire analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy, adult human volunteers after oral administration of lacosamide 200 mg film‐coated tablet under fed conditions.
Could the gut microbiota community in the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) be affected by antibiotic bath administration?
Authors: Zheng Xing , Zhou Shengjie , Hu Jing , Yang Rui , Gu Zhifeng , Qin Jian G. , Ma Zhenhua , Yu Gang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGut microbiota in fish plays an important role in the nutrient digestion, immune responses and disease resistance. To understand the effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotic bath administration on fish gut microbiota, the gut microbiota community in the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) was studied after enrofloxacin bathing treatment at two concentrations (5 and 10 mg/L) and 0 mg/L as control. A total of 90 fish were used in this study, and three replicates were used for each treatment. After a 24‐hr bath, the gut bacterial composition was analyzed using high‐throughput Illumina sequencing. The results indicated that the richness, diversity and the dominant bacterial taxa of P. leopardus gut bacteria were not affected by enrofloxacin bathing (p > .05). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla, and Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas were the dominant genus. The findings in the present study provide an understanding on the relationship between fish gut bacteria community and antibiotic bath administration. The findings of this study are instructive on the antibiotic bath administration applied for the management of P. leopardus health in aquaculture.
Toxicometabolomics of the new psychoactive substances α-PBP and α-PEP studied in HepaRG cell incubates by means of untargeted metabolomics revealed unexpected amino acid adducts
Authors: Manier Sascha K. , Wagmann Lea , Flockerzi Veit , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToxicometabolomics, essentially applying metabolomics to toxicology of endogenous compounds such as drugs of abuse or new psychoactive substances (NPS), can be investigated by using different in vitro models and dedicated metabolomics techniques to enhance the number of relevant findings. The present study aimed to study the toxicometabolomics of the two NPS α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butan-1-one, α-PBP) and α-pyrrolidinoheptaphenone (1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)heptan-1-one, α-PEP, PV8) in HepaRG cell line incubates. Evaluation was performed using reversed-phase and normal-phase liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionization mode, respectively, to analyze cells and cell media. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way ANOVA, principal component discriminant function analysis, as well as hierarchical clustering. In general, the analysis of cells did not mainly reveal any features, but the parent compounds of the drugs of abuse. For α-PBP an increase in N-methylnicotinamide was found, which may indicate hepatotoxic potential of the substance. After analysis of cell media, significant features led to the identification of several metabolites of both compounds. Amino acid adducts with glycine and alanine were found, and these have not been described in any study before and are likely to appear in vivo. Additionally, significant changes in the metabolism of cholesterol were revealed after incubation with α-PEP. In summary, the application of metabolomics techniques after HepaRG cells exposure to NPS did not lead to an increased number of identified drug metabolites compared to previously published studies, but gave a wider perspective on the physiological effect of the investigated compounds on human liver cells.
Comparison of the Pediatric Resuscitation and Trauma Outcome (PRESTO) Model and Pediatric Trauma Scoring Systems in a Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Traynor Michael D. , St. Louis Etienne , Hernandez Matthew C. , Alsayed Ahmed S. , Klinkner Denise B. , Baird Robert , Poenaru Dan , Kong Victor Y. , Moir Christopher R. , Zielinski Martin D. , Laing Grant L. , Bruce John L. , Clarke Damian L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pediatric resuscitation and trauma outcome (PRESTO) model was developed to aid comparisons of risk‐adjusted mortality after injury in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). We sought to validate PRESTO using data from a middle‐income country (MIC) trauma registry and compare its performance to the Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), Revised Trauma Score, and pediatric age‐adjusted shock index (SIPA).MethodsWe included children (age < 15 years) admitted to a single trauma center in South Africa from December 2012 to January 2019. We excluded patients missing variables necessary for the PRESTO model—age, systolic blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, neurologic status, and airway support. Trauma scores were assigned retrospectively. PRESTO's previously high‐income country (HIC)‐validated optimal threshold was compared to MIC‐validated threshold using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Prediction of in‐hospital death using trauma scoring systems was compared using ROC analysis.ResultsOf 1160 injured children, 988 (85%) had complete data for calculation of PRESTO. Median age was 7 (IQR: 4, 11), and 67% were male. Mortality was 2% (n = 23). Mean predicted mortality was 0.5% (range 0–25.7%, AUROC 0.93). Using the HIC‐validated threshold, PRESTO had a sensitivity of 26.1% and a specificity of 99.7%. The MIC threshold showed a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 89.4%. The MIC threshold yielded superior discrimination (AUROC 0.86 [CI 0.78, 0.94]) compared to the previously established HIC threshold (0.63 [CI 0.54, 0.72], p < 0.0001). PRESTO showed superior prediction of in‐hospital death compared to PTS and SIPA (all p < 0.01).ConclusionPRESTO can be applied in MIC settings and discriminates between children at risk for in‐hospital death following trauma. Further research should clarify optimal decision thresholds for quality improvement and benchmarking in LMIC settings.
Localized outbreaks of coral disease on Arabian reefs are linked to extreme temperatures and environmental stressors
Authors: Aeby Greta Smith , Howells Emily , Work Thierry , Abrego David , Williams Gareth J. , Wedding Lisa M. , Caldwell Jamie M. , Moritsch Monica , Burt John A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Arabian Peninsula borders the hottest reefs in the world, and corals living in these extreme environments can provide insight into the effects of warming on coral health and disease. Here, we examined coral reef health at 17 sites across three regions along the northeastern Arabian Peninsula (Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and Oman Sea) representing a gradient of environmental conditions. The Persian Gulf has extreme seasonal fluctuations in temperature and chronic hypersalinity, whereas the other two regions experience more moderate conditions. Field surveys identified 13 coral diseases including tissue loss diseases of unknown etiology (white syndromes) in Porites, Platygyra, Dipsastraea, Cyphastrea, Acropora and Goniopora; growth anomalies in Porites, Platygyra and Dipsastraea; black band disease in Platygyra, Dipsastraea, Acropora, Echinopora and Pavona; bleached patches in Porites and Goniopora and a disease unique to this region, yellow-banded tissue loss in Porites. The most widespread diseases were Platygyra growth anomalies (52.9% of all surveys), Acropora white syndrome (47.1%) and Porites bleached patches (35.3%). We found a number of diseases not yet reported in this region and found differential disease susceptibility among coral taxa. Disease prevalence was higher on reefs within the Persian Gulf (avg. 2.05%) as compared to reefs within the Strait of Hormuz (0.46%) or Oman Sea (0.25%). A high number of localized disease outbreaks (8 of 17 sites) were found, especially within the Persian Gulf (5 of 8 sites). Across all regions, the majority of variation in disease prevalence (82.2%) was associated with the extreme temperature range experienced by these corals combined with measures of organic pollution and proximity to shore. Thermal stress is known to drive a number of coral diseases, and thus, this region provides a platform to study disease at the edge of corals’ thermal range.
Autoimmunity to tetraspanin-7 in type 1 diabetes
Authors: McLaughlin Kerry A. , Tombs Melissa A. , Christie Michael R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease whereby components of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are targeted by the adaptive immune system leading to the destruction of these cells and insulin deficiency. There is much interest in the development of antigen-specific immune intervention as an approach to prevent disease development in individuals identified as being at risk of disease. It is now recognised that there are multiple targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes, the most recently identified being a member of the tetraspanin family, tetraspanin-7. The heterogeneity of autoimmune responses to different target antigens complicates the assessment of diabetes risk by the detection of autoantibodies, as well as creating challenges for the design of strategies to intervene in the immune response to these autoantigens. This review describes the discovery of tetraspanin-7 as a target of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes and how the detection of autoantibodies to the protein provides a valuable marker for future loss of pancreatic beta-cell function.
Thresholded ConvNet ensembles: neural networks for technical forecasting
Authors: Ghoshal Sid , Roberts Stephen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMuch of modern practice in financial forecasting relies on technicals, an umbrella term for several heuristics applying visual pattern recognition to price charts. Despite its ubiquity in financial media, the reliability of its signals remains a contentious and highly subjective form of ‘domain knowledge’. We investigate the predictive value of patterns in financial time series, applying machine learning and signal processing techniques to 22 years of US equity data. By reframing technical analysis as a poorly specified, arbitrarily preset feature-extractive layer in a deep neural network, we show that better convolutional filters can be learned directly from the data, and provide visual representations of the features being identified. We find that an ensemble of shallow, thresholded convolutional neural networks optimised over different resolutions achieves state-of-the-art performance on this domain, outperforming technical methods while retaining some of their interpretability.
An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Said Oliver , Schock Justus , Krämer Nils , Thüring Johannes , Hitpass Lea , Schad Philipp , Kuhl Christiane , Abrar Daniel , Truhn Daniel , Nebelung Sven 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Beyond static assessment, functional techniques are increasingly applied in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Stress MRI techniques bring together MRI and mechanical loading to study knee joint and tissue functionality, yet prototypical axial compressive loading devices are bulky and complex to operate. This study aimed to design and validate an MRI-compatible pressure-controlled varus–valgus loading device that applies loading along the joint line.

Methods
Following the device’s thorough validation, we demonstrated proof of concept by subjecting a structurally intact human cadaveric knee joint to serial imaging in unloaded and loaded configurations, i.e. to varus and valgus loading at 7.5 kPa (= 73.5 N), 15 kPa (= 147.1 N), and 22.5 kPa (= 220.6 N). Following clinical standard (PDw fs) and high-resolution 3D water-selective cartilage (WATSc) sequences, we performed manual segmentations and computations of morphometric cartilage measures. We used CT and radiography (to quantify joint space widths) and histology and biomechanics (to assess tissue quality) as references.

Results
We found (sub)regional decreases in cartilage volume, thickness, and mean joint space widths reflective of areal pressurization of the medial and lateral femorotibial compartments.

Discussion
Once substantiated by larger sample sizes, varus–valgus loading may provide a powerful alternative stress MRI technique.