bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress within Families of Patients with Psychotic Disorders: Initial Study
Authors: Nurlainah Lida , Rafiyah Imas , Maulana Indra 
Published: December 2020

Psychotic disorders are the most severe form of mental illness. The family is the primary supporter of patients with psychosis; as such, the family is likely to experience stress when caring for psychotic patients and assisting in their recovery. Data analysis regarding stress within families could inform the types of support that family members receive. This study aimed to determine stress within families of psychotic patients in Garut, Indonesia. A descriptive study was carried out using a quantitative approach. The samples collected were of the families who visited an outpatient clinic in Garut. A purposive sample of 70 respondents using the Slovin formula (10%) was recruited. Data were collected using the 42 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire, and univariate analysis was conducted. Results showed that 5.7% of the respondents experienced medium stress, 54.4% experienced mild stress, 41.4% did not experience stress, and only one person (1.4%) experienced severe stress. The findings suggest that families with psychotic patients experience stress. Further research is recommended to examine the factors and levels of stress within families of long-term acute psychotic patients. Abstrak Stres dalam Keluarga Pasien dengan Gangguan Psikotik. Gangguan psikotik adalah bentuk penyakit mental yang paling parah. Keluarga adalah pendukung utama pasien yang menderita psikosis,keluarga cenderung mengalami stres ketika merawat pasien psikotik dan membantu dalam pemulihan mereka. Analisis data mengenai stres keluarga dapat menginformasikan jenis dukungan yang diterima anggota keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui stres keluarga dengan pasien psikotik di Garut, Indonesia. Studi deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang dikumpulkan adalah dari keluarga yang mengunjungi klinik rawat jalan di daerah Garut. Sampel purposive dari 70 responden menggunakan rumus Slovin (10%) yang direkrut. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner 42 Depression Anxietystress Scale (DASS) dengan melakukan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5,7% responden mengalami stres sedang, 54,4% mengalami stres ringan, 41,4% tidak mengalami stres, dan hanya satu orang (1,4%) mengalami stres berat. Dapat disimpulkan dari temuan bahwa keluarga dengan pasien psikotik mengalami beberapa bentuk stres. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk memeriksa faktor-faktor dan tingkat stres keluarga dengan pasien psikotik akut lama. Kata Kunci: keluarga, psikotik, stres
Insights into dog owner perspectives on risks, benefits, and nutritional value of raw diets compared to commercial cooked diets
Authors: Empert-Gallegos Alysia , Hill Sally , Yam Philippa S. 
Published: December 2020

Background
The practice of feeding a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) to dogs is a topic of increasing interest to owners and veterinary professionals alike. Despite the research around the practice, particularly about the risk of nutritional imbalances and microbial contamination, an increasing number of dog owners are adopting a raw diet for their dogs. This study expands the research into owner motivations for feeding RMBDs and cooked diets and asks them their opinions about risk and nutritional value.

Methods
An anonymized, online, internationally accessible questionnaire was developed to ascertain owner perspectives on the risks, benefits, and nutritional value of commercially prepared and homemade RMBDs as compared with commercially prepared cooked diets (CCDs).

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 419 dog owners of diverse backgrounds across the world. Of the participants, 25.3% fed RMBDs. Just over 70.0% of all participants had spoken to their veterinarian about their dog’s nutrition. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked their veterinarian’s knowledge lower and their own knowledge of canine nutrition higher than owners who fed CCDs. They rated commercial and homemade RMBDs as highly nutritious 83.5% and 73.6% of the time, respectively, while only 12.5% rated CCDs as highly nutritious. Owners who fed CCDs ranked RMBDs as highly nutritious less often, but also only ranked CCDs as highly nutritious 52.7% of the time. All participants agreed that CCDs were low risk to human health. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked raw diets as highly risky to human or dog health under 20.0% of the time but deemed CCDs risky to animal health over 65.0% of the time. When asked about benefits of raw diets, the most repeated words offered by owners were “health”, “better”, “coat” and “teeth”. The most repeated risks presented were “bacteria”, “nutrition”, “risk” and “Salmonella”. Owners who fed RMBDs tended to use vague terminology like “health” and “better” when asked why they fed a raw diet. Owners who did not feed RMBDs used more specific terminology like “expensive”, “time” and “risk” when asked why they did not feed a raw diet. Overall, the two groups differed in their perceptions around RMBD and CCD feeding, which highlights the need for a better line of communication and education between veterinarians and owners.
Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Inorganic Urea
Authors: Tanee F. B. G. , Jude K. 
Published: December 2020

Investigation on the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil contaminated soil was carried out at a crude oil spilled site at Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria. Three phytoremediation treatments labeled A – C in addition to the control (D) were used. The treatments were: A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m2 urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m2 urea), D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) arranged using Latin Square Design (LSD). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots in addition to other soil nutrients were analyzed. The percentage reduction in TPH and THC in soil were as follows: Treatment B, {TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%)} > treatment A {TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)}> C {TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%)} > Control {TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%)}. Treatment C had the highest TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg) accumulation in test plant. Combining stimulant (urea) with phytoremediation also improved soil properties such as pH, Nitrogen and Potassium. With the highest reduction of TPH and THC in treatment B (phytoremediation with 20 g/m2 urea) than other treatments is an indication that low concentration of urea has a stimulatory effect on phytoremediation of crude oil by Chromolaena odorata.
Membranas e barreiras para regeneração óssea guiada
Authors: Pilger Alan Dal'Alba , Schneider Luis Eduardo , Da Silva Gabrielle Mello , Schneider Kalinka Crivellaro Crusius , Smidt Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

<p> </p><p><span><strong>Introdução: </strong>a evolução das técnicas de reconstrução alveolar e dos biomateriais na regeneração óssea guiada (ROG), vêm trazendo consigo o desenvolvimento de novas membranas com diferentes características e propriedades. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> visando ajudar o clínico na escolha da melhor membrana para utilizar na técnica de ROG, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo tabular as principais membranas disponíveis para utilização no mercado nacional. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> foram incluídas 30 membranas para ROG registrados e regulamentados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). As empresas fabricantes foram contatadas para fornecer as informações dos seus respectivos produtos. <strong>Resultados:</strong> 30 membranas foram encontradas e tabuladas. Após a análise das informações obtidas pelos fabricantes, as mesmas foram classificadas nos seguintes itens: nome, empresa fabricante, origem, tempo de bioreabsorção, possibilidade de exposição ao meio bucal, diâmetro dos orifícios e apresentação. <strong>Discussão: </strong>as<strong> </strong>propriedades e características específicas de cada membrana podem determinar diferentes resultados, sendo importante para o profissional conhecer essas diferenças para selecionar os materiais mais indicados aos procedimentos de ROG de acordo com os objetivos de cada caso. Dessa forma, os resultados podem ser previsíveis e atender da melhor forma possível as expectativas do tratamento com embasamento científico. <strong>Conclusão: </strong>o presente estudo tabulou 30 membranas quanto às suas principais características, visando orientar os profissionais da saúde na seleção da membrana mais adequada para alcançar seus objetivos no tratamento da ROG.</span></p>
Spray Synthesis of Photonic Crystal Based Automotive Coatings with Bright and Angular‐Dependent Structural Colors
Authors: Wang Chuan , Lin Xi , Schäfer Christian G. , Hirsemann Stefan , Ge Jianping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is a challenge to prepare photonic crystal (PC) automotive coatings via spraying colloidal solutions because the fast fabrication tends to produce amorphous photonic crystals with faint colors. Here, a two‐step spraying process followed by thermal curing is developed to prepare waterproof PC coatings with bright, uniform, and angular‐dependent structural colors. The solvents in PC paint are studied to achieve a quick formation of liquid PC intermediate, which transformed into a highly crystalline PC coating. Thanks to the narrow and intense reflections, the as‐made coatings present colors with high saturation, including the red/yellow/green/blue colors achieved by tuning the particle size, and many spectral/non‐spectral colors via the mixing of base colors. Meanwhile, patterned or fully covered PC coatings with good chemical and mechanical stability can be prepared on different substrates, where the shiny colors changing with the viewing angles or the surface curvatures offer a new choice for personalized automotive coatings.
Surface Termination of Solution‐Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Film Examined using Electron Spectroscopies
Authors: Mirzehmet Abduheber , Ohtsuka Tomoki , Abd. Rahman Syed A. , Yuyama Tomoki , Krüger Peter , Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe interfaces of a perovskite solar cell significantly influence the charge processes in the cell, which contributes to the device performance with direct implication for surface potential, electronic structure, and chemical reactivity. The properties of the interface are strongly affected by the surface termination. In this work, the combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable‐atom electron spectroscopy is demonstrated, to examine the surface termination of a solution‐processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film. The results show that the surface of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film is terminated with a layer consisting of CH3NH3 and I. The interface energy level alignment for both occupied and unoccupied levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and C60 is also examined using UPS and low‐energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy. It turns out that an ideal energy level alignment is established for the electron collection and hole block at the perovskite and C60 interface.
Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Organocatalytic γ‐Allylic Alkylation of Quinolines
Authors: Meazza Marta , Rios Ramon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report the first synthesis of 2‐alkenylquinolines from 2‐allylquinolines and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction proceeds in a highly regioselective and enantioselective way and shows a broad tolerance of functionalities both in the aromatic ring of the enal and on the quinoline.magnified image
Second‐Second Moments and Two Observers Testing Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Bednorz Adam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is shown that rejection of local realism in quantum mechanics can be tested by Bell‐type inequalities for two observers and low‐order moments of continuous and unbounded observables. It is proved that one requires three observables for each observer for a maximally entangled state and two observables for a non‐maximally entangled state and write down appropriate inequalities and show violation by quantum examples. Finding an example for quadratures or position and momentum is left as an open problem.
Anatomical analysis of vestibular aqueducts in humans and miniature pigs
Authors: Gu Xiang , Jiang Qing‐qing , Sun Wei , Guo Weiwei , Yang Shi‐Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe physiological function of the endolymphatic sac (ES) is not fully understood. However, the widely used animal models for studying the ES, mice and zebrafish, still have many dissimilarities with the human ES. Miniature pigs have a cochlear structure and hearing frequency range more similar to those of humans, making them one of the most popular experimental animals in otology and audiology research. However, there are few data on the anatomy of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) in miniature pigs. To characterize the anatomical structure of the VA of miniature pigs, we scanned the temporal bones of four normal individuals (8 ears) using micro‐CT and reconstructed the VA with Mimics software using multi‐planar reconstruction techniques. We found that, as in humans, the VA of miniature pigs also consisted of proximal and distal parts. The total length of the VA of miniature pigs was 5.4 ± 0.5 mm (n = 8), approximately a third of its length in humans. Our study found that the VA of miniature pigs is a promising model for vestibular disease research.
Early Treatment and IL1RN Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms Affect Response to Anakinra in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pardeo Manuela , Rossi Marianna Nicoletta , Pires Marafon Denise , Sacco Emanuela , Bracaglia Claudia , Passarelli Chiara , Caiello Ivan , Marucci Giulia , Insalaco Antonella , Perrone Chiara , Tulone Anna , Prencipe Giusi , De Benedetti Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of early treatment and IL1RN genetic variants on the response to anakinra in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsResponse to anakinra was defined as achievement of clinically inactive disease (CID) at 6 months without glucocorticoid treatment. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 56 patients were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses as predictors of response to treatment. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL1RN gene, previously demonstrated to be associated with a poor response to anakinra, were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing. Haplotype mapping was performed with Haploview software. IL1RN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in whole blood from patients, prior to anakinra treatment initiation, was assessed by qPCR.ResultsAfter 6 months of anakinra treatment, 73.2% of patients met the criteria for CID without receiving glucocorticoids. In the univariate analysis, the variable most strongly related to the response was disease duration from onset to initiation of anakinra treatment, with an optimal cutoff at 3 months (area under the curve 84.1%). Patients who started anakinra treatment ≥3 months after disease onset had an 8‐fold higher risk of nonresponse at 6 months of treatment. We confirmed that the 6 IL1RN SNPs were inherited as a common haplotype. We found that homozygosity for ≥1 high‐expression SNP correlated with higher IL1RN mRNA levels and was associated with a 6‐fold higher risk of nonresponse, independent of disease duration.ConclusionOur findings on patients with systemic JIA confirm the important role of early interleukin‐1 inhibition and suggest that genetic IL1RN variants predict nonresponse to therapy with anakinra.
Recent Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials for microRNA Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Wang Jiameng , Wen Jia , Yan Hongyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) is an important tumor marker in the human body, and its early detection has a great influence on the survival rate of patients. Although there are many detection methods for miRNA at present such as northern blotting, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and others, electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of low detection cost, small instrument size, simple operation, non‐invasive detection and low consumption of reagents and solvents, and thus they play an important role in the early detection of cancer. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology, nano‐biosensors show great potential. The application of various nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensor has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Among them, carbon nanomaterials which have unique electrical, optical, physical and chemical properties have attracted increasing attention. In particular, they have a large surface area, good biocompatibility and conductivity. Therefore, carbon nanomaterials combined with electrochemical methods can be used to detect miRNA quickly, easily and sensitively. In this review, we systematically review recent applications of different carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene quantum dots and other carbon nanomaterials) for miRNA electrochemical detection. In addition, we demonstrate the future prospects of electrochemical biosensors modified by carbon nanomaterials for the detection of miRNAs, and some suggestions for their development in the near future.
Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) oil in associated packed bed reactors
Authors: Cozentino Izabela de Souza Correia , Rodrigues Marina de Freitas , Mazziero Vitor Teixeira , Cerri Marcel Otávio , Cavallini Daniela Cardoso Umbelino , de Paula Ariela Veloso 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTriacylglycerols (TAGs) can be modified to increase the absorption of fatty acids, prevent obesity, and treat fat malabsorption disorders and metabolic diseases. Medium–long–medium (MLM)‐type TAGs, which contain medium‐chain fatty acids in the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions of the glycerol backbone and a long‐chain fatty acid in the sn‐2 position, show particularly interesting nutritional characteristics. This study aimed to synthesize MLM‐type TAGs by enzymatic acidolysis of grape seed oil with medium‐chain capric acid (C10:0) in associated packed bed reactors. The reaction was carried out during 120 H, at 45 °C, using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme® RM IM). The residence time distribution of reagents in the reactor was quantified to evaluate the reactor behavior and to diagnose the existence of preferential paths. The reaction progress was monitored by analyzing TAG composition and, at the steady state (after 48 H of reaction), the incorporation degree achieved a value of 39.91 ± 2.77%. To enhance the capric acid incorporation, an acidolysis reaction in associated packed bed reactors was performed. The results showed a good operational stability of the biocatalyst, revealing values of half‐life 209.64 H, 235.63 H of packed bed and associated packed bed reactor, respectively, and a deactivation coefficient 0.0061 H−1.
Die Verbreiterung der Hochstraße Elbmarsch in Hamburg
Authors: Seifried Jörg , Krohn Sebastian , Gebert Gregor , Dawirs Katharina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZur Erzielung der erforderlichen Querschnittsbreite für die Verbreiterung der Hochstraße Elbmarsch sind, wie in „Teil 1 – Überblick zur Gesamtmaßnahme“ beschrieben, eine innenseitige Verbreiterung sowie die Instandsetzung der Bestandskonstruktion als Erstmaßnahme geplant. Die Umsetzbarkeit des geplanten Konzepts der Verbreiterung wurde im Rahmen einer vorgezogenen Maßnahme (Pilotmaßnahme) auf einem Teilstück erprobt.
Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock
Authors: Zarzycki Alexandra , Thomas Zoe M. , Mazrier Hamutal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
Ein alternatives Tabellenverfahren zur Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Cyllok Michael , Fingerloos Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIm November 2019 ist eine A1‐Änderung von Eurocode 2 – DIN EN 1992‐1‐2: Tragwerksbemessung für den Brandfall veröffentlicht worden. Diese A1‐Änderung enthält sieben Bemessungstabellen im neuen Anhang C: „Knicken von Stützen unter Brandbedingungen“ für Feuerwiderstandsklassen R30 bis R240. Mit diesem Tabellenverfahren steht eine weitere Möglichkeit der Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen mit rechteckigem Querschnitt in ausgesteiften und nicht ausgesteiften Bauwerken zur Verfügung. Die bauaufsichtliche Einführung über die Verwaltungsvorschriften der Länder ist vermutlich 2021/2022 zu erwarten.Die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe und die Validierung des neuen Anhangs C mit den dazugehörigen Restriktionen werden in diesem Beitrag erläutert. Auf diesen Grundlagen wird die Anwendung der Tabellen des Anhangs C nunmehr auch in Deutschland ermöglicht (A2‐Änderung des Nationalen Anhangs). Der Beitrag zeigt an zwei Bemessungsbeispielen die praktische Anwendung der neuen Tabellen und gibt abschließend einen kurzen Ausblick auf die geplante Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs dieser Tabellen in der nächsten Eurocode‐Generation.