bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social bonds, social status and survival in wild baboons: a tale of two sexes
Authors: Campos Fernando A. , Villavicencio Francisco , Archie Elizabeth A. , Colchero Fernando , Alberts Susan C. 
Published: September 2020

People who are more socially integrated or have higher socio-economic status live longer. Recent studies in non-human primates show striking convergences with this human pattern: female primates with more social partners, stronger social bonds or higher dominance rank all lead longer lives. However, it remains unclear whether social environments also predict survival in male non-human primates, as it does in men. This gap persists because, in most primates, males disperse among social groups, resulting in many males who disappear with unknown fate and have unknown dates of birth. We present a Bayesian model to estimate the effects of time-varying social covariates on age-specific adult mortality in both sexes of wild baboons. We compare how the survival trajectories of both sexes are linked to social bonds and social status over the life. We find that, parallel to females, male baboons who are more strongly bonded to females have longer lifespans. However, males with higher dominance rank for their age appear to have shorter lifespans. This finding brings new understanding to the adaptive significance of heterosexual social bonds for male baboons: in addition to protecting the male's offspring from infanticide, these bonds may have direct benefits to males themselves.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
Protein Abundance Prediction Through Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Ferreira Mauricio , Ventorim Rafaela , Almeida Eduardo , Silveira Sabrina , Silveira Wendel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTProteins are responsible for most physiological processes, and their abundance provides crucial information for systems biology research. However, absolute protein quantification, as determined by mass spectrometry, still has limitations in capturing the protein pool. Protein abundance is impacted by translation kinetics, which rely on features of codons. In this study, we evaluated the effect of codon usage bias of genes on protein abundance. Notably, we observed differences regarding codon usage patterns between genes coding for highly abundant proteins and genes coding for less abundant proteins. Analysis of synonymous codon usage and evolutionary selection showed a clear split between the two groups. Our machine learning models predicted protein abundances from codon usage metrics with remarkable accuracy, achieving R2values higher than previously reported in the literature. Upon integration of the predicted protein abundance in enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic models, the simulated phenotypes closely matched experimental data, which demonstrates that our predictive models are valuable tools for systems metabolic engineering approaches.
Insulin inhibits protein phosphatase 2A to impair β-adrenergic receptor function
Authors: Sahu Anita , Sun Yu , Mukherjee Sromona , Witherow Conner , Stenson Kate , Tesmer John J.G. , Mohan Maradumane L. , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInsulin impairs β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) function through G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) by phosphorylation but less is known about dephosphorylation mechanisms mediated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) unexpectedly resulted in significant reduction of insulin-mediated β2AR phosphorylation. Interestingly, β2AR-associated phosphatase activity was inhibited by insulin but was reversed by knock-down of PI3Kγ showing negative regulation of PP2A by PI3Kγ. Co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance studies using purified proteins showed that GRK2 and PI3Kγ form a complex and could be recruited to β2ARs as GRK2 interacts with insulin receptor substrate following insulin treatment. Consistently, β-blocker pretreatment did not reduce insulin-mediated β2AR phosphorylation indicating agonist- and Gβγ-independent non-canonical regulation of receptor function. Mechanistically, PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A activity at the βAR complex by phosphorylating an intracellular inhibitor of PP2A (I2PP2A). Knock-down or CRISPR ablation of endogenous I2PP2A unlocked PP2A inhibition mediating β2AR dephosphorylation showing an unappreciated acute regulation of PP2A in mediating insulin-β2AR cross-talk.SummaryInsulin impairs β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) function through G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). We show that insulin simultaneously inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) sustaining β2AR functional impairment. Unexpectedly, releasing PP2A inhibition by PI3Kγ preserves β2AR function despite intact insulin-driven GRK2-mechanisms.
Destabilizing role of futures markets on North American hard red spring wheat spot prices
Authors: Miljkovic Dragan , Goetz Cole 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to determine if the futures prices of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) have stabilizing or destabilizing impact on spot HRSW price in North America. Several important results emerge from thorough empirical analysis. First, both Granger causality tests and directed acyclic graph algorithms (DAGs) point to two‐way causality between futures and spot HRSW prices and thus endogeneity in both prices formation. To the contrary, both procedures suggest that ending stocks are exogenous to spot and futures HRSW prices. Both vector error correction model and impulse response functions point to a large and long‐lasting impact of a shock to futures price on spot price level. Finally, variance decomposition analysis indicates that futures prices are responsible for the bulk of spot price volatility in both short and long run. Our result is consistent with those of theoretical models suggesting that when production (supply side) is the dominant disturbance, spot price is destabilized in both the short and the long run by futures prices. An important implication of this research is the need for alternative market mechanisms or alternative farm policy measures that would mitigate price risk and ensure sustainable farming of American HRSW farmers.
Electrocardiogram analysis of patients with different types of COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Yina , Chen Lie , Wang Jingyi , He Xingwei , Huang Fen , Chen Jing , Yang Xiaoyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes acute myocardial damage and arrhythmia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Studying the changes of electrocardiogram is of great significance for the diagnosis of patients with COVID‐19.MethodsA retrospective analysis method was adopted to compare the electrocardiogram changes between COVID‐19 critically severe and severe patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation of the levels of serum indexes and past medical history with ST‐T changes and atrial fibrillation. And the correlation of ECG parameters with in‐hospital death and ventilator use were investigated by using the same methods.ResultsThe incidence of male, stroke, elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N‐terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), d‐dimer, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia in the critically ill patients was higher than that in severe patients. There were differences in ST‐T changes, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial tachycardia between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated cTnI and NT‐proBNP were the independent risk factors of ST‐T changes. Elevated NT‐proBNP and age were the independent risk factors of atrial fibrillation. Sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation were the independent risk factors of in‐hospital death and ventilator use.ConclusionST‐T changes, sinus tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation are with great significance in the diagnosis of the severity, myocardia injury, and cardiac insufficiency of COVID‐19 patients. Sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation could be used as independent variables predicting in‐hospital death and ventilator use.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on essential hypertension in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sheikh Vida , Mozaianimonfared Azadeh , Gharakhani Mohsen , Poorolajal Jalal , Ph.D  
Published: September 2020

AbstractFindings from randomized trials addressing the effect of vitamin D supplementation and blood pressure are inconsistent and have been the subject of recent debate. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary hypertension. This double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients aged 26‐84 years with essential hypertension from March 2017 to April 2019. Patients with vitamin D insufficiency (serum vitamin D levels 20‐30 ng/ml) or vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured before the intervention and one and two months thereafter. Of 208 patients enrolled, 171 patients remained for analysis. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on systolic blood pressure was statistically significant in the first and second months after the intervention (P=0.004 and P=0.024, respectively). The effect of vitamin D supplementation on diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant in the first month after the intervention (P=0.046), but not in the second month (P=0.885). No evidence of drug side effects was reported in the two groups. The results of this trial are suggestive of the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure end points. Therefore, the use of vitamin D may be recommended as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of essential hypertension in patients with vitamin D deficiency because it is safe and well‐tolerated by the patients and can significantly reduce the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number: IRCT201703129014N151.
Epidemiology of hypertensive crisis in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Nkoke Clovis , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Dzudie Anastase , M. Jingi Ahmadou , Njume Debimeh , Teuwafeu Denis , Aseneh Jerry , Nkouonlack Cyrille , Menanga Alain , Kingue Samuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHypertensive crisis (HC) includes hypertensive urgency (HU) and hypertensive emergency (HE). There is scarcity of data on the epidemiology of patients presenting with HC in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of HU and HE. We conducted a cross‐sectional study from June 2018 until June 2019. The criteria to define a hypertensive crisis were systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥180/110 mm Hg. We compared HU vs HE. Out of the 1536 patients admitted, 95(6.2%) had a HC. There were 49(51.6%) men and 56 (58.9%) had a HE. The mean age was 51.1 ± 14.9 years. A history of hypertension was found in 75.3% of the patients but only 24.2% were on treatment. 33.7% consumed alcohol and 24.2% had chronic kidney disease. Headache (34.7%), dyspnea (34.7%), and neurological deficit (23.2%) were the most common symptoms. Patients with HE had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures though the difference was not significant. The most frequent forms of HE were acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema (44.6%), intracerebral hemorrhage (21.4%), and cerebral infarction (16.1%). The most commonly prescribed medication was labetalol (44.2%). Mean length of hospital stay was 8.4 days. Patients with HE had a longer hospital stay (9.8 vs 6.3 days, P < .001). In‐hospital case fatality was 6.3%. Hypertensive crisis accounted for 6.2% of admissions in the medical unit with HE being more common than HU. Acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema and stroke were the most frequent target organ lesions in HE.
Non‐epistemic perception as technology
Authors: Sylvan Kurt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome epistemologists and philosophers of mind hold that the non‐epistemic perceptual relation of which feature‐seeing and object‐seeing are special cases is the foundation of perceptual knowledge. This paper argues that such relations are best understood as having only a technological role in explaining perceptual knowledge. After introducing the opposing view in §1, §2 considers why its defenders deny that some cases in which one has perceptual knowledge without the relevant acquaintance relations are counterexamples, detailing their case for lurking inferential epistemology. §§3–4 suggest that this strategy fails in many other cases. While there is a computational tale that might be deemed ‘inferential’ in these cases, there is no corresponding tale in epistemic structure, not even if one rejects what Siegel (2017) calls the ‘Reckoning Model’ of inference. §5 offers a more fundamental dilemma. §6 concludes that there is only a technological role for non‐epistemic perception in grounding perceptual knowledge, but allows that it might play a more‐than‐technological role elsewhere.
The feasibility and utility of optical coherence tomography directed histopathology for surgical margin assessment of canine mast cell tumours
Authors: Dornbusch Josephine A. , Cocca Christina , Jennings Ryan , Samuelson Jonathan , Vieson Miranda , Huang Pin‐Chieh , Boppart Stephen A. , Wavreille Vincent A. , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHistopathologic surgical margin assessment in veterinary patients is an imprecise science with assessment limited to a small proportion of the surgical margin due to time and finances. Incomplete excision of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) alters treatment recommendations and prognosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging modality that has been reported in a single veterinary study for surgical margin assessment. Twenty‐five dogs with 34 MCTs were enrolled in a prospective pilot‐study to assess the imaging characteristics of canine MCTs with OCT and to evaluate the feasibility and utility of OCT‐guided histopathology. All dogs underwent routine surgical excision of MCTs. OCT imaging was used to assess the entire surgical margin prior to placement in formalin. Either normal areas or areas suspected of incomplete MCT excision were inked. Standard histopathologic sectioning and tangential sectioning of inked areas were performed and compared to OCT results. OCT identified MCT near the surgical margin in 10 of 26 specimens (38.4%). Four specimens suspicious for incomplete margins on OCT had incomplete MCT excision that was missed on standard histopathologic sectioning. Six specimens had OCT‐guided sections taken as suspicious, which did not show MCT on histopathology. OCT‐guided pathology sections were able to detect incompletely excised MCT near the surgical margin with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 56.2% in this preliminary study. OCT imaging shows promise for guiding pathologists to areas of interest to improve the diagnostic accuracy of surgical margin assessment in excised canine MCTs.
Hadronic light-by-light contribution to $$(g-2)_\mu $$ from lattice QCD with SU(3) flavor symmetry
Authors: Chao En-Hung , Gérardin Antoine , Green Jeremy R. , Hudspith Renwick J. , Meyer Harvey B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe perform a lattice QCD calculation of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

at the SU(3) flavor-symmetric point $$m_\pi =m_K\simeq 420\,$$

m
π

=

m
K

≃
420

MeV. The representation used is based on coordinate-space perturbation theory, with all QED elements of the relevant Feynman diagrams implemented in continuum, infinite Euclidean space. As a consequence, the effect of using finite lattices to evaluate the QCD four-point function of the electromagnetic current is exponentially suppressed. Thanks to the SU(3)-flavor symmetry, only two topologies of diagrams contribute, the fully connected and the leading disconnected. We show the equivalence in the continuum limit of two methods of computing the connected contribution, and introduce a sparse-grid technique for computing the disconnected contribution. Thanks to our previous calculation of the pion transition form factor, we are able to correct for the residual finite-size effects and extend the tail of the integrand. We test our understanding of finite-size effects by using gauge ensembles differing only by their volume. After a continuum extrapolation based on four lattice spacings, we obtain $$a_\mu ^{\mathrm{hlbl}}= (65.4\pm 4.9 \pm 6.6)\times 10^{-11}$$

a
μ
hlbl

=

(
65.4
±
4.9
±
6.6
)

×

10

-
11

, where the first error results from the uncertainties on the individual gauge ensembles and the second is the systematic error of the continuum extrapolation. Finally, we estimate how this value will change as the light-quark masses are lowered to their physical values.
Effects of long-term and brain-wide colonization of peripheral bone marrow-derived myeloid cells in the CNS
Authors: Hohsfield Lindsay A. , Najafi Allison R. , Ghorbanian Yasamine , Soni Neelakshi , Hingco Edna E. , Kim Sung Jin , Jue Ayer Darling , Swarup Vivek , Inlay Mathew A. , Green Kim N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroglia, the primary resident myeloid cells of the brain, play critical roles in immune defense by maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. However, microglial activation and dysfunction has been implicated in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thus developing tools to manipulate and replace these myeloid cells in the CNS is of therapeutic interest.MethodsUsing whole body irradiation, bone marrow transplant, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition, we achieve long-term and brain-wide (~ 80%) engraftment and colonization of peripheral bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (i.e., monocytes) in the brain parenchyma and evaluated the long-term effects of their colonization in the CNS.ResultsHere, we identify a monocyte signature that includes an upregulation inCcr1,Ms4a6b,Ms4a6c,Ms4a7,Apobec1,Lyz2,Mrc1,Tmem221,Tlr8,Lilrb4a,Msr1,Nnt, andWdfy1and a downregulation ofSiglech,Slc2a5, andCcl21a/b. We demonstrate that irradiation and long-term (~ 6 months) engraftment of the CNS by monocytes induces brain region-dependent alterations in transcription profiles, astrocytes, neuronal structures, including synaptic components, and cognition. Although our results show that microglial replacement with peripherally derived myeloid cells is feasible and that irradiation-induced changes can be reversed by the replacement of microglia with monocytes in the hippocampus, we also observe that brain-wide engraftment of peripheral myeloid cells (relying on irradiation) can result in cognitive and synaptic deficits.ConclusionsThese findings provide insight into better understanding the role and complexity of myeloid cells in the brain, including their regulation of other CNS cells and functional outcomes.
Documentation of individualized preoperative risk assessment: a multi-center study
Authors: Bloomstone Joshua A. , Houseman Benjamin T. , Sande Evora Vicents , Brantley Ann , Curran Jessica , Maccioli Gerald A. , Haddad Tania , Steinshouer James , Walker David , Moonesinghe Ramani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Individual surgical risk assessment (ISRA) enhances patient care experience and outcomes by informing shared decision-making, strengthening the consent process, and supporting clinical management. Neither the use of individual pre-surgical risk assessment tools nor the rate of individual risk assessment documentation is known. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the rate of physician documented ISRAs, with or without a named ISRA tool, within the records of patients with poor outcomes. Secondary endpoints of this work included the effects of age, sex, race, ASA class, and time and type of surgery on the rate of documented presurgical risk.

Methods
The records of non-obstetric surgical patients within 22 community-based private hospitals in Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, Nevada, and Wyoming, between January 1 and December 31, 2017, were evaluated. A two-sample proportion test was used to identify the difference between surgical documentation and anesthesiology documentation of risk. Logistic regression was used to analyze both individual and group effects associated with secondary endpoints.

Results
Seven hundred fifty-six of 140,756 inpatient charts met inclusion criteria (0.54%, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.58%). ISRAs were documented by 16.08% of surgeons and 4.76% of anesthesiologists (p < 0.0001, 95% CI −0.002 to 0.228). Cardiac surgeons documented ISRAs more frequently than non-cardiac surgeons (25.87% vs 16.15%) [p = 0.0086, R-squared = 0.970%]. Elective surgical patients were more likely than emergency surgical patients (19.57 vs 12.03%) to have risk documented (p = 0.023, R-squared = 0.730%). Patients over the age of 65 were more likely than patients under the age of 65 to have ISRA documentation (20.31 vs 14.61%) [p = 0.043, R-squared = 0.580%]. Only 10 of 756 (1.3%) records included documentation of a named ISRA tool.

Conclusions
The observed rate of documented ISRA in our sample was extremely low. Surgeons were more likely than anesthesiologists to document ISRA. As these individualized risk assessment discussions form the bedrock of perioperative informed consent, the rate and quality of risk documentation must be improved.
Dinamika Kehidupan masyarakat suku tengger dibalik kegiatan pariwisata Bromo
Authors: Sazjiyah Siti Rofiataul 
Published: September 2020

Abstrak
Kehidupan sosial masyarakat Tengger tidak jauh dari kegiatan pariwisata, dinamika pada kehidupan sosial suku Tengger yang dipengaruhi dari segi pariwisata yang bisa mengubah kehidupan masyarakat menjadi lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat luar daerah bahkan luar kota. Sehingga bisa meningkatkan perekonomian dan juga bisa mengenalkan kebudayaan yang mereka miliki. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut belum adanya penelitian mendasar yang terfokus pada dinamika kehidupan masyarakat Tengger dengan adanya pariwisata Gunung Bromo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dinamika kehidupan masyarakat Tengger dengan adanya pariwisata Gunung Bromo. Manfaat dari penelitian ini untuk menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi penulis dan pembaca. Permasalahan tersebut dapat dideskripsikan dalam bentuk penelitian kualitatif yang mengambil lokasi penelitian di daerah Tengger Bromo Semeru. Pariwisata Gunung Bromo memberikan dampak yang baik kepada masyarakat suku Tengger dalam segi ekonomi pertanian yang mereka hasilkan tidak perlu lagi untuk dijual ke tengkulan namun hasil panen mereka hampir keseluruhan dibeli oleh wisatawan. Selain melakukan wisata ke Gunung Bromo, wisatawan juga bisa menyaksikan upacara kasada yang diadakan setiap tahun dan banyak dikunjungi oleh wisatawan untuk menyaksikannya sehingga kegiatan ini bisa dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Berdasarkan teori perubahan sosial Ibnu Kaldun masyarakat telah mengalami perubahan secara bertahap dalam kehidupan yang ada di suku Tengger yaitu perubahan sosial yang dikarenakan adanya kegiatan Pariwisata di Gunung Bromo.

Kata kunci : Dinamika, kehidupan, Masyarakat, Suku Tengger