bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentials of Indigenous <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Isolates from the soil in controlling <I>Fusarium wilt of Cucumber cause by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cucumerinum</I>
Authors: Akintokun P.O. , Okuwa A.O. , Oloyede A.R. , Adebajo S.O. , Akintokun A.K. 
Published: September 2020

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production is generally low in Nigeria due to continuous soil nutrient limitation and diseases. However, the persistence in the use of agrochemicals for cucumber production in Nigeria is associated with high cost and deleterious effects on man, animal and the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the potentials of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a spore-forming bacterium known for its insecticidal properties in controlling Fusarium wilt of cucumber. Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from soil samples collected from different farm sites in Abeokuta, Nigeria, and identified phenotypically and molecularly. The in-vitro antagonistic activity of B. thuringiensis strains on F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum was evaluated by dual culture method, followed by pot experiment in the screen house. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the antagonistic B. thuringiensis to confirm Bt species. The results of the in-vitro antagonistic activity revealed that most indigenous B. thuringiensis strains showed significant growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. cucumerinum. Similarly, application of B. thuringiensis A and C isolates significantly suppressed the incidence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber in the screen house when compared to the control. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique identified the isolates A and C as Bacillus thuringiensis strain LTS-209 and Bacillus thuringiensis strain VITSJ-01, respectively. Hence, indigenous B. thuringiensis A and C isolates should be incorporated into cucumber cultivation for controlling Fusarium wilt disease of cucumber.
Keywords: Cucumber, Bacillus thuringiensis, Fusarium wilt, 16S rRNA gene
Molecular identification of <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hubner) associated with tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum L.</i>) in Ogun State
Authors: Ewedairo B.I. , Osipitan A.A. , Popoola A.R. , Sanni L.O. , Takeet M.I. 
Published: September 2020

The tomato fruit worm Helicoverpa armigera is a key polyphagous agricultural pest with a worldwide distribution. Apart from tomatoes, H. armigera also infests cotton, maize, chickpea and pigeon-pea. Its larvae affect almost all the aerial parts of tomato plants from the vegetative stage to the fruit maturation stage. Due to its high mobility, it causes a huge damage on crops and, as such, early detection of H. armigera from different agro-ecosystems is crucial for implementing control measures. Herein, we used a molecular marker approach to identify Helicoverpa spp. collected from twelve different locations in Ogun State. The H. armigera larvae used for the molecular identification were collected on tomato fruits from the 12 different locations from three agro-ecological zones in Ogun State. Genomic DNA of Helicoverpa was extracted and its purity was checked using Nanodrop spectrophotometer. Cytochrome Oxidase-I (CO-I) region of the DNA was subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. The PCR amplification of the CO-I gene after gel electrophoresis of PCR products of H. armigera showed a similar banding pattern at 700 base pairs which confirmed the insect as H. armigera.
Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Cytochrome Oxidase-I, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Electrophoresis.
Pyramidal cell morphology and cell death in the hippocampus of adult mice with experimentally induced hydrocephalus
Authors: Shokunbi M.T. , Olopade F.E. , Femi-Akinlosotu O.M. , Ajiboye E.O. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Hippocampus is a neural structure in the temporal lobe that plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Cognitive impairment with learning disabilities is a common feature in hydrocephalus and is more prominent in adult-onset hydrocephalus. The aim of this study is to describethe morphological alterations in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus of adult hydrocephalic mice.
Method: Hydrocephalus was induced in adult albino mice by intra-cisternal injection of kaolin suspension (250 mg/ml in sterile water). They were sacrificed 7, 14 and 21 days post-induction. Morphological analysis was carried out on hematoxylin and eosinstained coronal sections of the hippocampus: the pyramidal neurons (normal and pyknotic) in the CA1 and CA3 subregions were counted and the pyknotic index (PI) was calculated. The somatic and dendritic features of Golgistained pyramidal neurons were examined by light microscopy in both hydrocephalic and control mice.
Result: The PI was significantly greater in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the hydrocephalic groups compared to the agematched controls. The dendritic processes of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region were fewer with shorter terminal branches in the hydrocephalic mice than in controls; this was pronounced at 7 days post-induction. In the CA3 region, there was no difference in dendritic arborization between hydrocephalic and control mice.
Conclusion: Acute adult-onset hydrocephalus was associated with increased pyknosis and reduced dendritic arborization in hippocampal pyramidal cells in the CA1 but not CA3 region.
Keywords: Hippocampal pyramidal cell, Hydrocephalus, Pyknotic index, Golgi stain
Barriers and impact of disclosure of HIV status to children at the National Hospital, Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Mukhtar-Yola M. , Kuczawski M. 
Published: September 2020

Background: HIV infected children survive to adolescence because of anti retroviral therapy, however, only a small proportion know their diagnosis.Disclosure is critical to long-term disease management, yet little is known about if, how, and when disclosure takes place and the barriers associated with it, and its impact on children in resourcelimited settings.
Objective: This study set out to determine the process of and barriers to HIV disclosure in children as well as the immediate impact of this on children and their caregivers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done June-July 2016 using a structured questionnaire, convenience sampling and quantitative methods at the infectious disease clinics of National Hospital Abuja. A sample of 164 caregivers of HIV positive children aged 5 to 16 years receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least one year were enrolled. Results: Prevalence of full disclosure was 24.5%, partial 22.7% with overall prevalence of 47.2%. Main barrier to disclosure was child’s age and fear of informing others. The impact of disclosure on caregivers was relief in 45.5% but emotional and difficult for others. Immediate reactions by children were sadness; tearfulness and worry in 28.6%, some showed no reaction while others even expressed relief. On a longer term, disclosure had several effects. Main predictors of disclosure on regression were the child’s age and caregiver’s opinion on disclosure.
Conclusion: The prevalence of full disclosure is low and several barriers affect disclosure. Caregiver’s and HCWs need empowerment and support with culturally appropriate skills and platforms to deal with the barriers, process and impact of disclosure.
International Trade and the Economies of Developing Countries
Authors: Okenna Nwabueze Prince , Adesanya Babatunde Moses 
Published: September 2020

The economic significance and benefits of foreign trade also known as international trade to the economies of developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Its role and contributions to the gross domestic earnings, employment generation, economic development, and poverty reduction in these underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Benin Republic, and others have been too glaring especially in agrarian economies with fertile arable land.The main aim of this paper was to examine in-depth the contributions and relationship between international trade and the economic development of developing African countries. Furthermore, this paper recommended stringent macroeconomic policies that when formulated would encourage and increase the multiplier effect of these (foreign) trades. Part of these policies is targeted towards exchange rates, tariffs, import and export duties, subsidies, and actions that promote international trade.The research further concluded that internationaltradeis a key macroeconomic driver that must be encouraged in developing African countries as its multiplier effects have the potentials of driving the needed development goals of these nations. And for this to be achieved, these nations (developing countries) must formulate workable localized macroeconomic policies that suit and drive their interest as against borrowed economic policies from the developed European and Asian nations. Some of the recommendations proffered include adoption of friendly and pro-active export promotion policies, availability of grants, aids, subsidies, and loans, mechanization of the agrarian sector, adoption of flexible exchange rate, etc.This study made use of time series secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of developing African countries for a period between 2000 and 2019. A forecast of 15 years was also initiated using these data to provide a long-term insight into the benefits of these trading activities on the GDP of developing countries.
VARIASI DAN RELASI SEMANTIS LEKSIKAL BAHASA SUNDA LULUGU: ANALISIS DIAKRONIS DATA LINGUAL (LULUGU’S VARIATIONS AND LEXICAL SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS LULUGU: DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS OF LINGUAL DATA)
Authors: Firdaus Winci 
Published: September 2020

The meaning of a lexem or word diacronically can change. The change of meaning in a language occurs with the passage of time. Similarly, the change of meaning that occurs in Sundanese. The research describes change of lexical meaning in Lulugu Sundanese (bahasa Sunda Lulugu; BSL) from old Sundanese (bahasa Sunda Kuno; BSK). The purpose of this research is to see the change of meaning in Sundanese Lulugu. The method used in this research is descriptif comparative method with range time diachronic. From the results of the analysis can be concluded the change of meaning in the form of extention-ristriction meaning, total change of meaning, euphemism, disphemism, and connotation change.
GAYA BAHASA DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI QASIDAH JERUJI NURANI KARYA M. ROIS RINALDI (STYLISTICS IN GROUPING POETRY QASIDAH JERUJI NURANI BY M. ROIS RINALDI)
Authors: Oktaviantina Adek Dwi 
Published: September 2020

Poetry created by a process of creations which is involving the idea from the owner of the words. Stylistic is a model that speak inside the poetry. M. Rois Rinaldi is the owner of the words who uses stylistic in the creation process. This formulation of research is how stylistics in grouping poetry of Qasidah Jeruji Nurani by M. Rois Rinaldi. The aim of research is describing the stylistics in grouping poetry of Qasidah Jeruji Nurani by M. Rois Rinaldi. This research methods are qualitative. Qasidah Jeruji Nurani by M. Rois Rinaldi is indirectly an expression according to Riffatere, because of three main reasons, the first is displacing of meaning, the second one is distorting of meaning, and the last is creating of meaning. The conclussion of this research is the poetry of M. Rois Rinaldi entittled ‘Kelak’, ‘Membaca Wajah’, and ‘Secabik Senja’ has a specific metaphor about the game of life and death.
KAJIAN TEORITIS PEMBELAJARAN MENEMUKAN TEMA DAN PESAN PADA SYAIR YANG DIPERDENGARKAN DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL
Authors: Sakila Sakila 
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPenulisan artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran menemukan tema dan pesan syair yang diperdengarkan dengan menggunakan media audiovisual. Adapun masalah dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana langkah-langkah guru untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam pembelajaran mendengarkan syair dengan menggunakan media audio visual. Untuk memecahkan masalah dan tujuan penulisan digunakan metode penulisan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penulisan ini dapat menyimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran mendengarkan syair dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dan menciptakan suasana kelas menjadi lebih menyenangkan.Kata-kata kunci:tema, amanat, syair, media, audio visual. AbstractWriting scientific articles aims to describe learning to find themes and poetry messages that are played using audiovisual media. The problem in this writing is how the steps of the teacher to improve students' skills in learning to listen to poetry using audio visual media. To solve the problem and the purpose of writing is used a qualitative writing method that is descriptive in nature. The results of this paper can conclude that using audio visual media in learning to listen to poetry can improve students' skills and create a more pleasant classroom atmosphere.Keywords:theme, message, poetry, media, audio visual.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM TEKS KATA PENGANTAR SKRIPSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN STIE MUHAMMADIYAH MAMUJU
Authors: Nugraha Shafwan 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji kesalahan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia ragam formal di dalam teks kata pengantar skripsi-skripsi yang disusun oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir Program Studi Manajemen di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Muhammadiyah Mamuju. Teks kata pengantar adalah salah satu bagian yang penting dalam skripsi, namun kurang diperhatikan penggunaan bahasanya oleh penulis skripsi. Akibatnya, muncul banyak kesalahan berbahasa di dalam teks tersebut. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan metode analisis kesalahan (anakes) dan kategorisasi kesalahan secara taksonomi linguistik, dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan kesalahan-kesalahan berbahasa yang muncul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang paling banyak terjadi adalah kesalahan ejaan (tataran fonologis). Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa para pengajar mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia dan Tata Tulis Karya Ilmiah di STIE Muhammadiyah Mamuju perlu lebih menguatkan penguasaan materi ejaan bahasa Indonesia.
Pemitoosan Identitas Masyarakat Boalang Mongondow Utara
Authors: Untoro Ratun 
Published: September 2020

Social class affects the community's behavior such as treatment and honorary system, inter or within the social class. the research is intended to unveil the myth in North Boolaang Mongondow folktales, which constitutes the Identity of the people, using Carl Gustav Jung psychoanalysis theory. The myth or folktale that lives in the community is the expression or the realization of unconscious wishes, which is nevertheless inconsistent, inappropriate, and do not match with daily facts. the purpose of this research is acknowledgment the royal effort to arrange the community through the folktale experience. Interesting finding through the research, that the kingdom used the folktales to strengthen the royal hegemony.
PERKEMBANGAN FUNGSI PRAGMATIK PADA ANAK USIA 2,5 TAHUN (STUDI KASUS PADA AZZA AQILA JIHAN SYUASABITHA)
Authors: Kusno Ali 
Published: September 2020

The golden age of kid was a sensitive period. During this period, the kid was specially receiving the stimulant from theenvironment. The period of kid’s language development was various, dependent on the characteristics. This study relatedto the function development of kid’s language. The example case to the girl 2,5 years old, Azza Aqila Jihan Syuasabitha(Jihan). Jihan was growing in the family environment and child caring. The kid’s language was developing quickly. Theusage of language was devoted to Jihan’s interaction with family members. Collecting data method in this study was theobservation. The subject in this study was the child’s author. This study aimed to describe the development of Jihan’sspeech as child 2,5 years old based on the language function grouping according to M.A.K Halliday. The result of thestudy showed the kid can apply all of language function usage. Those are the instrumental, the regulatory, the interactional,the personal, the heuristic, the imaginative, and the representational. Therefore, she was interpreted has the ability aboveaverage the children the same age. The achievement was influenced by biological factors (parents who have good languageskills) and social environment (in the house, in the school, and so on) which can stimulate Jihan’s language development AbstrakMasa keemasan anak merupakan periode sensitif (sensitive periods). Selama masa tersebut anak secarakhusus mudah menerima stimulus-stimulus dari lingkungan. Tempo perkembangan bahasa anakcenderung variatif tergantung karakteristik anak. Penelitian ini berhubungan dengan perkembanganfungsi bahasa anak. Contoh kasus, Azza Aqila Jihan Syuasabitha (Jihan) anak perempuan yang berusia2,5 tahun. Jihan besar dalam lingkungan keluarga dan taman penitipan anak. Perkembangan fungsibahasanya pesat. Pemakaian bahasa dikhususkan pada interaksi Jihan dengan anggota keluarga.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dengan teknik pengamatan berperan serta. Subjek penelitian iniadalah anak penulis sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan tuturanJihan sebagai anak yang berusia 2,5 tahun berdasarkan pengelompokan fungsi bahasa menurut M.A.KHalliday. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak itu mampu menerapkan keseluruhan fungsi penggunaanbahasa, yakni instrumental, regulatoris/dogmatis, interaksional, personal, heuristik, imajinatif, danrepresentasional. Dengan demikian, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa anak itu memiliki kemampuan diatas rata-rata anak seumur dia. Pencapaian tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis (orang tua yangmemang memiliki kemampuan berbahasa yang baik) dan lingkungan sosial (di rumah, sekolah, dantempat lain).
A global model–measurement evaluation of particle light scattering coefficients at elevated relative humidity
Authors: Burgos María A. , Andrews Elisabeth , Titos Gloria , Benedetti Angela , Bian Huisheng , Buchard Virginie , Curci Gabriele , Kipling Zak , Kirkevåg Alf , Kokkola Harri , Laakso Anton , Letertre-Danczak Julie , Lund Marianne T. , Matsui Hitoshi , Myhre Gunnar , Randles Cynthia , Schulz Michael , van Noije Twan , Zhang Kai , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Baltensperger Urs , Jefferson Anne , Sherman James , Sun Junying , Weingartner Ernest , Zieger Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The uptake of water by atmospheric aerosols has a pronounced effect on particle light scattering properties, which in turn are strongly dependent on the ambient relative humidity (RH). Earth system models need to account for the aerosol water uptake and its influence on light scattering in order to properly capture the overall radiative effects of aerosols. Here we present a comprehensive model–measurement evaluation of the particle light scattering enhancement factor f(RH), defined as the particle light scattering coefficient at elevated RH (here set to 85 %) divided by its dry value. The comparison uses simulations from 10 Earth system models and a global dataset of surface-based in situ measurements. In general, we find a large diversity in the magnitude of predicted f(RH) amongst the different models, which can not be explained by the site types. Based on our evaluation of sea salt scattering enhancement and simulated organic mass fraction, there is a strong indication that differences in the model parameterizations of hygroscopicity and model chemistry are driving at least some of the observed diversity in simulated f(RH). Additionally, a key point is that defining dry conditions is difficult from an observational point of view and, depending on the aerosol, may influence the measured f(RH). The definition of dry also impacts our model evaluation, because several models exhibit significant water uptake between RH = 0 % and 40 %. The multisite average ratio between model outputs and measurements is 1.64 when RH = 0 % is assumed as the model dry RH and 1.16 when RH = 40 % is the model dry RH value. The overestimation by the models is believed to originate from the hygroscopicity parameterizations at the lower RH range which may not implement all phenomena taking place (i.e., not fully dried particles and hysteresis effects). This will be particularly relevant when a location is dominated by a deliquescent aerosol such as sea salt. Our results emphasize the need to consider the measurement conditions in such comparisons and recognize that measurements referred to as dry may not be dry in model terms. Recommendations for future model–measurement evaluation and model improvements are provided.
Inverse modeling of fire emissions constrained by smoke plume transport using HYSPLIT dispersion model and geostationary satellite observations
Authors: Kim Hyun Cheol , Chai Tianfeng , Stein Ariel , Kondragunta Shobha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Smoke forecasts have been challenged by high uncertainty in fire emission estimates. We develop an inverse modeling system, the HYSPLIT-based Emissions Inverse Modeling System for wildfires (or HEIMS-fire), that estimates wildfire emissions from the transport and dispersion of smoke plumes as measured by satellite observations. A cost function quantifies the differences between model predictions and satellite measurements, weighted by their uncertainties. The system then minimizes this cost function by adjusting smoke sources until wildfire smoke emission estimates agree well with satellite observations. Based on HYSPLIT and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Aerosol/Smoke Product (GASP), the system resolves smoke source strength as a function of time and vertical level. Using a wildfire event that took place in the southeastern United States during November 2016, we tested the system's performance and its sensitivity to varying configurations of modeling options, including vertical allocation of emissions and spatial and temporal coverage of
constraining satellite observations. Compared with currently operational
BlueSky emission predictions, emission estimates from this inverse modeling
system outperform in both reanalysis (21 out of 21 d; −27 % average
root-mean-square-error change) and hindcast modes (29 out of 38 d; −6 % average root-mean-square-error change) compared with satellite observed smoke mass loadings.