bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the transformation paths from aluminum (oxy)hydroxides (boehmite, bayerite, and gibbsite) to metastable alumina: A view from high-resolution 27Al MAS NMR
Authors: Kim Hyo-Im , Lee Sung Keun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the structural evolution of diverse aluminum (oxy)hydroxides with varying temperatures up to ~300 °C provides insights into the dehydration processes involving transitions among metastable phases on Earth's surface and in the crust. Here, we report the high-resolution solid-state 27Al NMR spectra for three different types of aluminum (oxy)hydroxides (i.e., boehmite, bayerite, and gibbsite) with varying annealing temperatures up to 300 °C, revealing the effect of distinct precursor minerals on the stability of metastable alumina. 27Al MAS NMR results allow us to obtain the quantitative fractions and NMR parameters for each phase during transformation. The results demonstrate that each aluminum (oxy)hydroxide phase follows a unique transformation path to metastable alumina. The 27Al MAS and 3QMAS NMR spectra of boehmite show that a minor but observable [4]Al signal (~2%) is detected at ~50 °C, and the [4]Al fraction gradually increases up to 300 °C (~16%), indicating that the phase transformation from boehmite to γ-/η-Al2O3 occurs at a temperature as low as ~50 °C, significantly lower than earlier estimations based on XRD. Together with the [4]Al fraction, the [5]Al fraction increases from &lt;1% at 50 °C to ~2.3% at 300 °C, whereas the NMR results of bayerite and gibbsite do not show the presence of [5]Al. In addition, the 27Al 3QMAS NMR spectra resolved the [6]Al site in boehmite and that in γ-/η-Al2O3, which could not be uniquely determined from 1D NMR spectra. The population of bayerite abruptly decreases from 100% (at 150 °C), through ~47% (at 200 °C), to 0% (at 250 °C), indicating that the phase transition from bayerite to boehmite + γ-/η-Al2O3 occurs within a narrow temperature range. As for gibbsite, while [4]Al is not observed in the spectra up to 200 °C, the [4]Al fraction of ~2% is observed in the spectra for gibbsite annealed at 250 °C, and the [4]Al fraction increases rapidly to ~15% as the annealing temperature increases to 300 °C, suggesting that the phase transformation into γ-/η-Al2O3 occurs at ~250 °C. The results confirm that the phase transformation paths (gradual vs. dramatic) depend on the type of precursor minerals. Particularly, the onset temperature of the phase transformation from boehmite to metastable alumina (~50 °C) is lower than those from other precursor minerals (&gt;150 °C). Furthermore, the phase transformation from boehmite to γ-/η-Al2O3 occurs gradually within broad temperature ranges from ~50 °C. This is due to their configurational disorder as evidenced by the presence of [5]Al. The observed structural evolution in aluminum (oxy)hydroxides in the low-temperature range facilitates our understanding of the nature of phase transformation and dehydration of oxides and hydroxides in the Earth's surface environments.
Improving the communication with stakeholders: the infrastructure degradation index and the infrastructure histogram
Authors: Estruch-Juan E. , Cabrera E. , Gómez E. , del Teso R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water infrastructures are rapidly ageing without being properly replaced. Communicating the state of the network and the sector’s needs to stakeholders is key for guaranteeing the sustainability of water and sewage systems. The infrastructure value index (IVI) is becoming a standard in the water industry as a communication tool; however, as a single value metric, it can mask key information. The complementary use of the infrastructure degradation index (IDI) and the infrastructure histogram (Hi) can provide a better understanding of the network's state while maintaining the simplicity of the analysis needed for public dissemination. The IVI is focused on the value of the infrastructure, the IDI on its median remaining life. The HI provides a detailed but simple picture of the network's remaining life, providing a clear idea of the magnitude of the investments needed in the future for maintaining the infrastructure.
Withdrawal Notice: Drug Repurposing for Prospective Anti-Cancer Agents Along with the Clinical Status of the Repurposed Drug
Authors: Sabale Anjali S. , Patel Unnati M. , Gorhe Ankita A. , Bodhankar Vinayak R. , Shinde Mahesh N. , Sonawane Gaurav A. , Raotole Hitesh S. , Pande Rohit Y. , Kulkarni Abhijeet D. 
Published: July 2020

The article has been withdrawn by the Editorial office of the journal Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal
Chemistry; because of the lack of clarity and obscurity in the content regarding language.

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In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Ethyl 4-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1- ylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylate as an Antitumor Agent
Authors: Mohammed Faten Z. , Rizzk Youstina W. , Abdelhamid Moustafa S. , El-Deen Ibrahim M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:Hybridization of coumarin moiety with additional antitumor pharmacophores is an auspicious stratagem to afford precious therapeutic interference for the medication of cancer.Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of ethyl 4-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2- oxoquinolin-1-ylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylate against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in the peritoneal cavity of female mice.Methodology:Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between the test compound and the receptor of breast cancer mutant 3HB5-oxidoreductase, as well as the viability of tumor cells and life span prolongation. The total anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated in the liver and kidneys. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, total protein, creatinine, and urea were estimated. The concentrations of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured in the liver and kidney tissues. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney tissues was also carried out.Results:EAC-bearing mice injected with the test compound showed a highly significant decrease in tumor cell viability by 100%, compared to the EAC control. Also, it exhibited significant anti-oxidant and apoptotic agents through the results of total anti-oxidant capacity and apoptosis assays. Confirmed by histological examination, the results of the liver and kidney function tests revealed that the test compound had no harmful effect on either of the organs.The docking investigation disclosed an auspicious interaction between the test compound and the receptor (3HB5). To confirm these results, correlations between different parameters were carried out. It was found that there were significant positive and negative correlations between the parameters.Conclusion:Hybrid molecules containing coumarin and quinolinone exhibited a potential antitumor effect against EAC cells by the induction of apoptosis and anti-oxidant activities. Results of liver and kidney function tests and the histopathological study revealed that the administration of the test compound nullified most of the pathological alterations induced by EAC cells in mice. Based on these findings, the test compound can be developed as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.
The Effects of Melatonin on the Oxidative Stress and Duration of Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barati Saghar , Jahangirifard Alireza , Ahmadi Zargham H. , Tavakoli-Ardakani Maria , Dastan Farzaneh 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common complication following Coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) Surgery, which may be due to oxidative stress, necrosis and inflammation during
CABG and can lead to increases the length of hospital stay and the risk of morbidity and mortality.
Melatonin is a hormone with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the cardiovascular system.
This study assessed the efficacy of sublingual consumption of melatonin in reducing necrosis and
inflammation, in patients undergoing CABG with respect to C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Creatine
Kinase-Muscle-Brain subunits (CK-MB) and cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) levels.

Methods:
One hundred and two patients were enrolled and twenty-six patients were excluded during
the study process and finally seventy-six patients undergoing CABG surgery randomly assigned to
melatonin group (n = 38, 12 mg sublingual melatonin the evening before and 1 hour before surgery, or
the control group which did not receive Melatonin, n = 38). Three patients in the melatonin group and
three patients in the control group were excluded from the study because of discontinued intervention
and lost to follow up. The samples were collected before and 24 hours after surgery. hs-CRP, CK-MB,
and cTnT levels were measured in all patients with the Elisa method.

Results:
There was no significant difference in influencing variables among the groups at the baseline.
The incidence of AF following CABG surgery was not statistically significant between the two groups,
(p-value = 0.71). However, the duration of AF (p-value = 0.01), the levels of hs-CRP (p-value = 0.001)
and CK-MB (p-value = 0.004) measured, 24 hours after surgery were significantly lower in the melatonin
group. cTnT levels measured 24 hours post-CABG did not show any significant difference in
both groups (p-value = 0.52).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the administration of melatonin may help modulate oxidative
stress, based on the reduction of the levels of hs-CRP, CK-MB, and the duration of AF following
CABG surgery.
Self-Reported Physical Complaints are Reduced Upon Regular Use of an In-Home Water Filter System (AcalaQuell®): A Prospective, Controlled, Documentation Study
Authors: Schneider Rainer 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The emerging public concern regarding the quality of drinking water has
led to an increased interest in household water treatment systems. Many systems reduce contaminants
effectively in laboratory tests, at least to some degree, but for the vast majority, their effects
in actual use are not investigated.

Objective:
To test the effectiveness of an in-home water filter system (AcalaQuell® Swing) in reducing health problems
under real life conditions.

Methods:
Twenty participants suffering from cardiovascular ailments, gastrointestinal issues, or fatigue/
exhaustion symptoms were enrolled in the study. In the control condition (three weeks), they
consumed 35ml of tap water per kg of body weight daily. After an intermission of one week, they
drank the same amount of filtered water in the following three weeks.

Results:
There was a large reduction in physical complaints after consumption of the filtered water
(d = 1.4), and an increase in resiliency to physical and mental stress, cognitive performance, and affectivity
(d = 1.0).

Conclusion:
The AcalaQuell® Swing water filter effectively mitigates health complaints. The effect
is not due to expectation, increase in water consumption, decrease of life stress, or spontaneous
symptom remission.
A Short Review on the Important Aspects Involved in Preparation, Characterization and Application of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Drug Delivery
Authors: Kadam Tanvi , Agrawal Surendra 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The development of modern medical and pharmaceutical science
has garnered lots of attention due to the development of targeted therapy and precision
medicine. The current focus of the researchers is on developing strategies which provide
the maximum therapeutic benefits with minimal adverse effects. In this scenario,
nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have gained prominence because of their ability to
improve the therapeutic properties of the drugs.

Objective:
In this review, we focus on some of the important methods involved in the
preparation and characterization of the NLCs. We also discuss the application of NLC as
a drug delivery system through different routes of administration and its role in overcoming
the physiological and anatomical barriers.

Methods:
The literature was collected from different scientific browsers like sciencedirect,
google scholar, pubmed and a total of 155 articles were read and analysed for the
content.

Results:
The NLC improve the solubility and bioavailability of the drug, prolong the release
and residence time and delay clearance. They also protect the drugs from enzymatic degradation
and allow them to pass through different anatomical and physiological barriers.

Conclusion:
Though the use of NLCs has been reported across different therapeutic indications
through various routes of administration, this success at the laboratory level has
not gone to the next stage. One of the reasons for the failure of NLC formulations to progress
to the next level could be due to toxicity caused by the accumulation of NLCs in
organs. Hence, in order to utilize this strategy to its maximum potential, further research
is inevitable.
Through the Lens of a Millennial: Opening the Aperture of Millennials’ Views of Leaders
Authors: Sadler Allison , Grabianowski Julianna , Ashley Greg 
Published: July 2020

As more women joined the workforce in the last few decades, scholars have continued to research why women do not occupy more senior levels of leadership. While many variables have been researched, a pervasive theory is that women are expected to act in communal ways, but leadership is described as agentic; typically attributed to male behaviors. Namely, women in more senior roles must display male, agentic behaviors to be perceived as a credible leader, yet still maintain their communal traits to avoid being perceived as duplicitous. With more females in the workplace, acting as new exemplars for the millennial workforce, have the views of leadership changed to be less agentic? This quantitative study investigated; whether male millennials in the workforce maintain as agentic a view of leadership as their predecessors, whether female millennials in the workforce maintain as agentic a view of leadership as their predecessors, and whether the presence of women in leadership roles has influenced leadership behaviors in either gender. In this study, millennials are surveyed regarding the most important leadership characteristics and how gender undulates through the perceived effectiveness. The researchers found that leadership descriptors are more gender-agnostic, influencing a broader view of how leadership is seen across both genders. The implications for this finding are that millennials are softening the more traditional view of agentic leadership and expanding leadership to include more communal traits.
A Novel Device for Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging and Documentation in Clinical Practice: Comparative Image Analysis Study
Authors: Wintergerst Maximilian W M , Jansen Linus G , Holz Frank G , Finger Robert P 
Published: July 2020

Background
Smartphone-based fundus imaging allows for mobile and inexpensive fundus examination with the potential to revolutionize eye care, particularly in lower-resource settings. However, most smartphone-based fundus imaging adapters convey image quality not comparable to conventional fundus imaging.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel smartphone-based fundus imaging device for documentation of a variety of retinal/vitreous pathologies in a patient sample with wide refraction and age ranges.

Methods
Participants’ eyes were dilated and imaged with the iC2 funduscope (HEINE Optotechnik) using an Apple iPhone 6 in single-image acquisition (image resolution of 2448 × 3264 pixels) or video mode (1248 × 1664 pixels) and a subgroup of participants was also examined by conventional fundus imaging (Zeiss VISUCAM 500). Smartphone-based image quality was compared to conventional fundus imaging in terms of sharpness (focus), reflex artifacts, contrast, and illumination on semiquantitative scales.

Results
A total of 47 eyes from 32 participants (age: mean 62.3, SD 19.8 years; range 7-93; spherical equivalent: mean –0.78, SD 3.21 D; range: –7.88 to +7.0 D) were included in the study. Mean (SD) visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.48 (0.66; range 0-2.3); 30% (14/47) of the eyes were pseudophakic. Image quality was sufficient in all eyes irrespective of refraction. Images acquired with conventional fundus imaging were sharper and had less reflex artifacts, and there was no significant difference in contrast and illumination (P<.001, P=.03, and P=.10, respectively). When comparing image quality at the posterior pole, the mid periphery, and the far periphery, glare increased as images were acquired from a more peripheral part of the retina. Reflex artifacts were more frequent in pseudophakic eyes. Image acquisition was also possible in children. Documentation of deep optic nerve cups in video mode conveyed a mock 3D impression.

Conclusions
Image quality of conventional fundus imaging was superior to that of smartphone-based fundus imaging, although this novel smartphone-based fundus imaging device achieved image quality high enough to document various fundus pathologies including only subtle findings. High-quality smartphone-based fundus imaging might represent a mobile alternative for fundus documentation in clinical practice.
Digital Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Retrospective Study
Authors: Venkatesan Aarathi , Rahimi Lily , Kaur Manpreet , Mosunic Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Background
Digital mental health interventions offer a scalable solution that reduces barriers to seeking care for clinical depression and anxiety.

Objective
We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a 12-week therapist supported, app-based cognitive behavioral therapy program in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety within 9 months.

Methods
A total of 323 participants with mild to moderately severe depression or anxiety were enrolled in a 12-week digital cognitive behavior therapy program. The analysis was restricted to participants who provided at least one follow-up assessment after baseline. As a result, 146 participants (45.2%) were included in the analysis—74 (50.7%) participants completed assessments at 3 months, 31 participants (21.2%) completed assessments at 6 months, and 21 participants (14.4%) completed assessments at 9 months. The program included structured lessons and tools (ie, exercises and practices) as well as one-on-one weekly video counseling sessions with a licensed therapist for 12 weeks and monthly check-in sessions for 1 year. The clinically validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Linear mixed-effects modeling was employed to examine changes in depression and anxiety over time.

Results
We observed a significant positive effect of program time on improvement in depression (β=–0.12, P<.001) and anxiety scores (β=–0.10, P<.001). At the end of the 12-week intervention, we observed an average reduction of 3.76 points (95% CI –4.76 to –2.76) in PHQ-8 scores. Further reductions in depression were seen at program month 6 (4.75-point reduction, 95% CI –6.61 to –2.88) and program month 9 (6.42-point reduction, 95% CI –8.66 to –6.55, P<.001). A similar pattern of improvement emerged for anxiety, with a 3.17-point reduction at the end of the 12-week intervention (95% CI –4.21 to –2.13). These improvements were maintained at program month 6 (4.87-point reduction, 95% CI –6.85 to –2.87) and program month 9 (5.19-point, 95% –6.85 to 4.81). In addition, greater program engagement during the first 12 weeks predicted a greater reduction in depression (β=–0.29, P<.001)

Conclusions
The results suggest that digital interventions can support sustained and clinically meaningful improvements in depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it appears that strong initial digital mental health intervention engagement may facilitate this effect. However, the study was limited by postintervention participant attrition as well as the retrospective observational study design.
Smartphone and Mobile Health Apps for Tinnitus: Systematic Identification, Analysis, and Assessment
Authors: Mehdi Muntazir , Stach Michael , Riha Constanze , Neff Patrick , Dode Albi , Pryss Rüdiger , Schlee Winfried , Reichert Manfred , Hauck Franz J 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundModern smartphones contain sophisticated high-end hardware features, offering high computational capabilities at extremely manageable costs and have undoubtedly become an integral part in users' daily life. Additionally, smartphones offer a well-established ecosystem that is easily discoverable and accessible via the marketplaces of differing mobile platforms, thus encouraging the development of many smartphone apps. Such apps are not exclusively used for entertainment purposes but are also commonplace in health care and medical use. A variety of those health and medical apps exist within the context of tinnitus, a phantom sound perception in the absence of any physical external source.ObjectiveIn this paper, we shed light on existing smartphone apps addressing tinnitus by providing an up-to-date overview.MethodsBased on PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched and identified existing smartphone apps on the most prominent app markets, namely Google Play Store and Apple App Store. In addition, we applied the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to evaluate and assess the apps in terms of their general quality and in-depth user experience.ResultsOur systematic search and screening of smartphone apps yielded a total of 34 apps (34 Android apps, 26 iOS apps). The mean MARS scores (out of 5) ranged between 2.65-4.60. The Tinnitus Peace smartphone app had the lowest score (mean 2.65, SD 0.20), and Sanvello—Stress and Anxiety Help had the highest MARS score (mean 4.60, SD 0.10). The interrater agreement was substantial (Fleiss κ=0.74), the internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α=.95), and the interrater reliability was found to be both high and excellent—Guttman λ6=0.94 and intraclass correlation, ICC(2,k) 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.97), respectively.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated that there exists a plethora of smartphone apps for tinnitus. All of the apps received MARS scores higher than 2, suggesting that they all have some technical functional value. However, nearly all identified apps were lacking in terms of scientific evidence, suggesting the need for stringent clinical validation of smartphone apps in future. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to systematically identify and evaluate smartphone apps within the context of tinnitus.