bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emicizumab Augments Thrombus Formation in Whole Blood from Patients with Hemophilia A under High Shear Flow Conditions
Authors: Yaoi Hiroaki , Shida Yasuaki , Kitazawa Takehisa , Shima Midori , Nogami Keiji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Emicizumab is a bispecific antibody to factor (F) IXa and FX that mimics the FVIIIa cofactor function. Emicizumab prophylaxis markedly decreases bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A (PwHAs), irrespective of the presence of FVIII inhibitors. However, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was reported when repeated high doses of activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) were concomitantly used with emicizumab. Although bypassing agents (BPAs) are vital in the hemostatic treatment for PwHAs with inhibitors, the mechanism of emicizumab-related TMA remains unclear.
Aim To assess the risk of excessive thrombus formation associated with BPAs and emicizumab under high shear conditions.
Methods Perfusion flow-chamber experiments under high shear conditions were performed using whole blood from PwHAs in the presence of emicizumab without or together with FVIII or BPAs ex vivo.
Results Emicizumab (100 μg/mL) added ex vivo to whole blood from PwHAs improved defective thrombus formation in a similar manner to that observed with the addition of recombinant FVIII at the early phase, while FVIII continued to be important at the later stages. aPCC (1.2 U/mL equivalent to 100 U/kg) or recombinant FVIIa (1.1 µg/mL; equivalent to 90 µg/kg) together with emicizumab further promoted platelet interactions and fibrin formation ex vivo but did not induce excessive thrombus formation.
Conclusion Emicizumab enhanced thrombin generation at local sites and improved defective hemostasis in whole blood from PwHAs under high shear conditions. Simple concomitant use of BPAs with emicizumab did not mediate excessive thrombus formation and remains an option for hemostatic management of emicizumab-treated PwHAs with inhibitors.
Preliminary evaluation of biomechanical modeling of lung deflation during minimally invasive surgery using pneumothorax computed tomography scans
Authors: Lesage Anne-Cécile , Rajaram Ravi , L Tam Alda , Rigaud Bastien , K Brock Kristy , C Rice David , Cazoulat Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for lung tumor resection, the localization of tumors or nodules relies on visual inspection of the deflated lung on intra-procedural video. For patients with tumors or nodules located deeper in the lung, this localization is not possible without prior invasive marking techniques. In efforts to avoid the increase of complication rates associated with these invasive techniques, this study investigates the use of biomechanical modeling of the lung deflation to predict the tumor localization during MIS, solely based on a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scan. The feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated using preliminary data from six patients who presented with pneumothorax after lung biopsy and underwent chest tube insertion. For each patient, a hyperelastic finite-element model of the lung was created from the CT scan showing the re-inflated lung. Boundary conditions were applied on the lung surface to simulate the gravity and insufflation of carbon dioxide in the chest. The impact of adding rigid constraints around the main airway was also evaluated. To evaluate the accuracy of the model in predicting lung tissues or potential tumor displacement, at least five corresponding landmarks were identified for each patient in the CT scans of their deflated and re-inflated lungs. Using these landmarks, target localization errors (TLE) were measured for different sets of pressure applied to lung surface and shear modulus. For five patients, the minimum achieved mean TLE was inferior to 9 mm using patient-specific parameters and inferior to 10 mm using the same parameterization. The predicted and ground truth deflated lung surfaces presented visually a relatively good agreement. The proposed approach thus appears as a promising tool for integration in future lung surgery image-guidance systems.
Results of dark matter search using the full PandaX-II exposure *
Authors: Wang Qiuhong , Abdukerim Abdusalam , Chen Wei , Chen Xun , Chen Yunhua , Cheng Chen , Cui Xiangyi , Fan Yingjie , Fang Deqing , Fu Changbo , Fu Mengting , Geng Lisheng , Giboni Karl , Gu Linhui , Guo Xuyuan , Han Ke , He Changda , Huang Di , Huang Yan , Huang Yanlin , Huang Zhou , Ji Xiangdong , Ju Yonglin , Li Shuaijie , Liu Huaxuan , Liu Jianglai , Ma Wenbo , Ma Yugang , Mao Yajun , Meng Yue , Ni Kaixiang , Ning Jinhua , Ning Xuyang , Ren Xiangxiang , Shang Changsong , Si Lin , Shen Guofang , Tan Andi , Wang Anqing , Wang Hongwei , Wang Meng , Wang Siguang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiuli , Wang Zhou , Wu Mengmeng , Wu Shiyong , Wu Weihao , Xia Jingkai , Xiao Mengjiao , Xie Pengwei , Yan Binbin , Yang Jijun , Yang Yong , Yu Chunxu , Yuan Jumin , Yuan Ying , Zeng Xinning , Zhang Dan , Zhang Tao , Zhao Li , Zheng Qibin , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng , (PandaX-II Collaboration)  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report the dark matter search results obtained using the full 132 ton·day exposure of the PandaX-II experiment, including all data from March 2016 to August 2018. No significant excess of events is identified above the expected background. Upper limits are set on the spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions. The lowest 90% confidence level exclusion on the spin-independent cross section is 2.2 × 10−46 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2.
Decoding the covert shift of spatial attention from electroencephalographic signals permits reliable control of a brain-computer interface
Authors: Reichert Christoph , Dürschmid Stefan , Bartsch Mandy V , Hopf Jens-Max , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Hinrichs Hermann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. One of the main goals of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) is to restore communication abilities in patients. BCIs often use event-related potentials (ERPs) like the P300 which signals the presence of a target in a stream of stimuli. The P300 and related approaches, however, are inherently limited, as they require many stimulus presentations to obtain a usable control signal. Many approaches depend on gaze direction to focus the target, which is also not a viable approach in many cases, because eye movements might be impaired in potential users. Here we report on a BCI that avoids both shortcomings by decoding spatial target information, independent of gaze shifts. Approach. We present a new method to decode from the electroencephalogram (EEG) covert shifts of attention to one out of four targets simultaneously presented in the left and right visual field. The task is designed to evoke the N2pc component—a hemisphere lateralized response, elicited over the occipital scalp contralateral to the attended target. The decoding approach involves decoding of the N2pc based on data-driven estimation of spatial filters and a correlation measure. Main results. Despite variability of decoding performance across subjects, 22 out of 24 subjects performed well above chance level. Six subjects even exceeded 80% (cross-validated: 89%) correct predictions in a four-class discrimination task. Hence, the single-trial N2pc proves to be a component that allows for reliable BCI control. An offline analysis of the EEG data with respect to their dependence on stimulation time and number of classes demonstrates that the present method is also a workable approach for two-class tasks. Significance. Our method extends the range of strategies for gaze-independent BCI control. The proposed decoding approach has the potential to be efficient in similar applications intended to decode ERPs.
Aptamers recognizing fibronectin confer improved bioactivity to biomaterials and promote new bone formation in a periodontal defect in rats
Authors: Parisi Ludovica , Rivara Federico , Costa Camila A , Abuna Rodriguo PF , Palioto Daniela B , Macaluso Guido M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The use of alloplastic materials in periodontal regenerative therapies is limited by their incapacity to establish a dynamic dialog with the surrounding milieu. The aim of the present study was to control biomaterial surface bioactivity by introducing aptamers to induce the selective adsorption of fibronectin from blood, thus promoting platelets activation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. A hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneglycole-based hydrogel was enriched with aptamers selected for recognizing and binding fibronectin. In vitro, the capacity of constructs to support osteoblast adhesion, as well as platelets aggregation and activation was assessed by chemiluminescence within 24 h. Matrices were then evaluated in a rat periodontal defect to assess their regenerative potential by microcomputed tomography (µCT) and their osteogenic capacity by Luminex assay 5, 15 and 30 d postoperatively. Aptamers were found to confer matrices the capacity of sustaining firm cell adhesion (p = 0.0377) and to promote platelets activation (p = 0.0442). In vivo, aptamers promoted new bone formation 30 d post-operatively (p < 0.001) by enhancing osteoblastic lineage commitment maturation. Aptamers are a viable surface modification, which confers alloplastic materials the potential capacity to orchestrate blood clot formation, thus controlling bone healing.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (mECM): a bioactive and versatile scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Xiurui , Liu Yuwei , Clark Karen L , Padget Anne-Marie , Alexander Peter G , Dai Jianwu , Zhu Weimin , Lin Hang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (mECM) has received increased attention in the fields of tissue engineering and scaffold-assisted regeneration. mECM exhibits many unique characteristics, such as robust bioactivity, biocompatibility, ease of use, and the potential for autologous tissue engineering. As the use of mECM has increased in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, it should be noted that mECM generated from current methods has inherited insufficiencies, such as low mechanical properties and lack of internal architecture. In this review, we first summarize the development and use of mECM as a scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and highlight our current progress on moving this technology toward clinical application. Then we review recent methods to improve the properties of mECM that will overcome current weaknesses. Lastly, we propose future studies that will pave the road for mECM application in regenerating tissues in humans.
Freeing land from biofuel production through microalgal cultivation in the Neotropical region
Authors: Correa Diego F , Beyer Hawthorne L , Possingham Hugh P , García-Ulloa John , Ghazoul Jaboury , Schenk Peer M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biofuel production is a key strategy for reducing CO2 emissions globally and is expected to increase substantially in the coming decades, particularly in tropical developing countries. The adoption of sustainable biofuel production technologies that do not place large demands on agricultural or forested lands, has the potential to make a substantial contribution to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions while reducing biodiversity losses and degradation of native ecosystems resulting from high demand for land. With their high productivity per unit area and ability to grow on non-arable lands, microalgal biofuel production systems could become a major sustainable alternative to biofuel production from food crops (first-generation biofuels). However, the potential impacts of microalgal biofuels on food production, biodiversity, and carbon storage, compared to other biofuel production alternatives, are largely unknown. In the present study, the most suitable areas for siting microalgae production farms to fulfill 30% of future transport energy demands were determined within four Neotropical countries with high population densities and high importance for agricultural expansion and biodiversity conservation globally (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela). These results were contrasted with the best areas for siting oil palm and sugarcane crops to fulfill the same target in future transport energy demands. Microalgal production systems offer the most sustainable alternative for future biofuel production within the Neotropics. Meeting 30% of future transport energy demands with microalgal biofuels reduced land area requirements by at least 52% compared to oil palm and sugarcane. Furthermore, microalgal biofuel production reduced direct competition with agricultural lands, biodiverse areas, and carbon-rich systems within countries, with little overlap with the biodiverse and carbon-rich rainforests. This study can guide decision making towards the identification and adoption of more sustainable biofuel production alternatives in the Neotropics, helping in avoiding unnecessary environmental impacts from biofuel expansion in the region.
Tribological performance of surface texturing in mechanical applications—a review
Authors: Lu Ping , Wood Robert J K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surface textures have been of great interest within the tribology community with nearly 1500 papers published on this topic in the past two decades. With the pursuit of low emissions and environmental sustainability, the application of surface texturing to mechanical systems to lower friction and control wear is attracting increasing attention. There is no doubt that certain textured surfaces can have a beneficial effect on tribological performance but it is widely agreed that the optimization of textures should be carried out based on specific requirements of applications. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the current state of the art in surface texturing applied to mechanical applications (cutting tools, piston-ring & cylinder liners, sealing and journal bearings) from the following aspects: application requirements, numerical/experimental testing and validation, and tribological performance of textured surfaces (wear and friction), as well as the limitations in texture designs when applied to certain applications. Patterns/grooves in the micron-scale are the most typical shapes been studied, and benefits of partial texturing are applicable for most of these mechanical applications. Friction reduction of up to 34.5% in cutting tools, 82% in piston-ring & cylinder-liners, 65% in seals and 18% in journal bearings have been observed by experimental tests. Based on primary evidence from the literature, the last section provides general suggestions on current gaps in understanding and modelling and suggestions for future research directions.
Mono- to few-layer non-van der Waals 2D lanthanide-doped NaYF4nanosheets with upconversion luminescence
Authors: Clarke Christian , Singh Mandeep , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Xu Xiaoxue , Spencer Michelle J S , Ramanathan Rajesh , Reineck Philipp , Bansal Vipul , Ton-That Cuong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNaYF4is an efficient host material for lanthanide-based upconversion luminescence and has attracted immense interest for potential applications in photovoltaics, lasers and bioimaging. However, being a non-van der Waals (non-vdW) material, there have been thus far no reports on exfoliation of bulk NaYF4to nanosheets and their upconversion luminescence properties. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the fabrication of lanthanide-containing NaYF42D nanosheets using a soft liquid-phase exfoliation method and report on their optical, electronic and chemical characteristics. The nanosheets exfoliated from NaYF4:Yb,Er microcrystals consisting mainly ofβ-NaYF4become enriched inα-NaYF4post exfoliation and have a large micron-sized planar area with a preferential (100) surface orientation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that both Yb and Er doping ions are retained in the exfoliated nanosheets. Through centrifugation, NaYF42D nanosheets are successfully obtained with thicknesses ranging from a monolayer to tens of layers. Optical analysis of individual nanosheets shows that they exhibit both optical down-conversion and upconversion properties, albeit with reduced emission intensities compared with the parent microparticles. Further exploration of their electronic structure by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the formation of surface F atom defects and a shrinkage of the electronic bandgap in ultrathin nanosheets. Our findings will trigger further interest in non-vdW 2D upconversion nanomaterials.
Spectral emissivity inversion of quartz composite ceramics under hypersonic airflow collision
Authors: Cai Pengcheng , Shuang Li , Shi Jing , Xin Minsi , Tan Yong , Cai Hongxing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the radiation spectra of quartz composite ceramic thermal protective materials in a pneumatic environment were measured in a plasma arc wind tunnel experiment. Spectral emissivities and material temperature at varying airflow speeds were calculated based on the algorithm of slow variation properties of emissivity. The inversion results show that the spectral emissivity reaches its maximum at a maximum airflow velocity of Mach 10. Emissivity uncertainty caused by the spectral measurement was analyzed. Relative error was determined by comparing real and calculated emissivities from Standard blackbody radiation spectrums at 2298 K in the wavelength range of 420–900 nm and 1573 K for 1200–2400 nm. Results obtained by the algorithm of slow variation properties for emissivity show that the maximum relative error in 420–900 nm is 3.3% and the average relative error is 2.7%; the maximum relative error for 1400–2400 nm is 4.1% and the average relative error is 2.1%. This provides a new method for the study of material emissivity under hypersonic flow collision aerodynamic heating conditions.
A comprehensive study of the magnetic concentrating sensor for the damage detection of steel wire ropes
Authors: Zhang Yiqing , Jing Luyang , Chen Chengjun , Bai Xiaorui , Tan Jiwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method is an important way to detect the fault of steel wire ropes and the sensor for the collection of MFL plays a vital role in the damage detection. Among varied sensors based on MFL method, the magnetic concentrating sensor shows a lot of advantages in the detection of wire ropes. The use of the magnetic concentrator can assist the magnetic sensitive component to detect the MFL and reduce the number of the Hall components. The lift-off of the magnetic concentrating sensor can also be set to a feasible value which is easier to be ensured in the practical application. Although many researches on the magnetic concentrating sensor have been carried out, few of them have a comprehensive and thorough investigation, which should include the simulation analysis, the prototype design, the broken wire experiment and the comparison with other commonly used sensors. In this paper, a magnetic concentrating sensor is developed and compared with a Hall array sensor through both simulation and experiments. Firstly, the three-dimensional models of the magnetic concentrating sensor and the Hall array sensor are designed and their performance on collecting MFL is analyzed through finite element method (FEM). Secondly, the prototypes of the two kinds of sensors are designed according to the simulation results and their corresponding processing circuits are made. Finally, the effectiveness of the two sensors is evaluated by broken wire experiments with different rope diameters. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic concentrating sensor achieves a higher sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the Hall array sensor with less Hall components and simpler pre-processing circuit.
The impact of submerged friction stir processing on the friction stir welded dissimilar joints
Authors: Mabuwa Sipokazi , Msomi Velaphi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) technique was employed on the prior friction stir welded (FSW) AA6082/AA8011 dissimilar aluminum alloy joints. The tap water with room temperature was kept at 40 mm depth throughout the processing. The AA6082 was kept at the advancing side during FSW and SFSP process and this was done to enhance the strength of the joint. The SFSP joints were studied comparatively with the FSW joints. The sampling position was also studied for both the FSW joint and SFSP joint. The employment of the submerged friction stir processing resulted in the microstructural grain size refinement. The tensile strength of the SFSP joint was found to be higher than that of AA8011 base metal but lower than that of AA6082 base metal. The tensile strength of the FSW joint was found to be lower than that of both base metals. There was a clear correlation between the tensile properties and the grain size refinement. The SFSP joint exhibited good microhardness properties compared to the FSW joint.
Deep learning of chaos classification
Authors: Seok Lee Woo , Flach Sergej 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We train an artificial neural network which distinguishes chaotic and regular dynamics of the two-dimensional Chirikov standard map. We use finite length trajectories and compare the performance with traditional numerical methods which need to evaluate the Lyapunov exponent (LE). The neural network has superior performance for short periods with length down to 10 Lyapunov times on which the traditional LE computation is far from converging. We show the robustness of the neural network to varying control parameters, in particular we train with one set of control parameters, and successfully test in a complementary set. Furthermore, we use the neural network to successfully test the dynamics of discrete maps in different dimensions, e.g. the one-dimensional logistic map and a three-dimensional discrete version of the Lorenz system. Our results demonstrate that a convolutional neural network can be used as an excellent chaos indicator.
Geometry of error amplification in solving the Prony system with near-colliding nodes
Authors: Akinshin Andrey , Goldman Gil , Yomdin Yosef 
Published: September 2020

We consider a reconstruction problem for “spike-train” signals

F
F

of an a priori known form

F
(
x
)
=

∑

j
=
1

d

a

j

δ

(
x
−

x

j

)

,

F(x)=\sum _{j=1}^{d}a_{j}\delta \left (x-x_{j}\right ),

from their moments

m
k

(
F
)
=
∫

x
k

F
(
x
)
d
x
.

m_k(F)=\int x^kF(x)dx.

We assume that the moments

m
k

(
F
)

m_k(F)

,

k
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
2
d
−
1

k=0,1,\ldots ,2d-1

, are known with an absolute error not exceeding

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon > 0

. This problem is essentially equivalent to solving the Prony system

∑

j
=
1

d

a
j

x
j
k

=

m
k

(
F
)
,

k
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
2
d
−
1.

\sum _{j=1}^d a_jx_j^k=m_k(F), \ k=0,1,\ldots ,2d-1.

We study the “geometry of error amplification” in reconstruction of

F
F

from

m
k

(
F
)
,

m_k(F),

in situations where the nodes

x
1

,
…
,

x
d

x_1,\ldots ,x_d

near-collide, i.e., form a cluster of size

h
≪
1

h \ll 1

. We show that in this case, error amplification is governed by certain algebraic varieties in the parameter space of signals

F
F

, which we call the “Prony varieties”.

Based on this we produce lower and upper bounds, of the same order, on the worst case reconstruction error. In addition we derive separate lower and upper bounds on the reconstruction of the amplitudes and the nodes.

Finally we discuss how to use the geometry of the Prony varieties to improve the reconstruction accuracy given additional a priori information.