bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchodilatory effect of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe (ginger) in guinea pigs
Authors: Vaghela Jitendra H. , Vadgama Vishalkumar K. , Purohit Bhargav M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To determine the bronchodilatory effect of ginger on histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs.
Methods: Thirty-six guinea pigs weighing 400 - 700 g were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 received distilled water, while group 2 was given formoterol (1.55 μg/kg) + budesonide (0.02 mg/kg). Guinea pigs in groups 3 and 4 were given ginger (350 and 700 mg/kg, respectively), while those in groups 5 and 6 received ginger (350 and 700 mg/kg, respectively) in addition to formoterol (1.55 μg/kg) and budesonide (0.02 mg/kg). Pre-convulsion time and percent protection in each group was calculated.
Results: There was statistically significant improvement in pre-convulsion times, with values of 156.64 ± 32.93, 299.33 ± 44.20, and 235.99 ± 34.55 s for groups 2, 5 and 6, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, statistically significant protection values of 73 and 68 % were obtained for groups 5 and 6, respectively, relative to normal control (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: These results indicate that ginger has promising potential for use as an add-on treatment for bronchospasm.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Histamine, Asthma, Pre-convulsion time
Flipping pharmacoepidemiology classes in a Saudi Doctor of Pharmacy program
Authors: Almanasef Mona , Alsayari Abdulrhman , Almaghaslah Dalia , Alahmari Fahad , Kandasamy Geetha , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To examine student perceptions towards the flipped classroom approach and its impact on their learning and their course evaluation when compared to the traditional classroom method.Methods: Five classes of the pharmacoepidemiology course were delivered using the flipped classroom approach. Student perception towards the flipped teaching method was measured using a satisfaction survey. Measuring the impact of the flipped classroom on student learning and the student course evaluation was achieved by comparing the midterm grades and the results of the standard endof- course evaluations with the previous semester's cohort.Results: Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom were mostly favourable. The course and its various components were viewed more favourably in the second semester than in the first semester. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the perception of the topics covered in the course (p = 0.045), fairness of the grade assessment (p = 0.004), and perception of course feedback (p = 0.021). No statistical difference was noted between the midterm examination scores of the first semester cohort (24.53 ± 3.80) and the second semester cohort (25.15 ± 3.00); [t (22.54) = 0.53, p =0.3].Conclusion: This study demonstrates that using the flipped classroom approach for teaching pharmacoepidemiology can improve student satisfaction, as well as maintain their academic performance.
Keywords: Flipped classroom, Pharmacy education, Blended learning
Exploring community pharmacists perception towards responsible provision of patient care services: A quantitative assessment
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Kousar Rozina , Azhar Saira , Buabeid Manal Ali , Khan Shujaat Ali , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the perception of community pharmacists with regard to pharmaceutical care services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among the community pharmacists in seven divisions of KPK, namely, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hazara, Kohat, Malakand, Mardan, and Peshawar. The survey was conducted between July and September 2014. A total of 22 community pharmacists were identified and approached.Results: Eighteen community pharmacists returned the filled questionnaire showing a response rate of 81.8 %. All participants (n = 18, 100 %) were male. The majority of the participants 55.6 % (n = 10) made it clear that they had never interacted with doctors, while only 33.3 % (n = 6) reported weekly interaction. The major reasons for interaction were to discuss drug alternatives (38.9 %, n = 7) and the availability of prescribed drugs (33.3 %, n = 6). Meanwhile, about 83.3 % (n = 15) of community pharmacists were involved in educating patients, while only 38.9 % (n = 7) spend enough time on each patient. Further, a large proportion of respondents had never documented patients’ medical, allergy and family histories (83.3 %, n = 15). Only 44.4 % (n = 8) of community pharmacists sometimes checked and signed the prescription.Conclusion: Community pharmacists are few in number in the studied area. They are involved in patient counseling but face difficulties in counseling due to lack of time and insufficient pharmacy staff. Therefore, there is a need to significantly enhance the interaction between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to facilitate inter-professional collaboration.
Keywords: Community pharmacy, Pharmaceutical care, Perception, Inter-professional collaboration
Nurses perception of pharmaceutical care practice: A qualitative approach
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Kousar Rozina , Alfoteih Yassen , Azhar Saira , Khan Shujaat Ali , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the perception of nurses regarding pharmaceutical care services in the healthcare system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province of Pakistan.Methods: This qualitative study was implemented by conducting semi-structured interviews. For data collection, interviews (face-to-face) were conducted after developing an interview guide. The interviewees were 18 nurses and were interviewed at their nursing stations in hospitals. Interviews were continued until the data reached a saturation point. The respondents signed a written consent form before the start of the interview.Results: From the thematic content analysis, five major themes were extracted as stated here: (a) incognizance of pharmaceutical care; (b) collaboration of nurses and pharmacists; (c) improper distribution system; (d) lack of provision of patient counseling; and (e) pharmacist’s role in reducing prescribing errors.Conclusion: Based to the findings, Pakistani nurses have poor knowledge of pharmaceutical care, thus highlighting the need for organizing pharmaceutical care awareness programs for nurses. On the other hand, nurses have a positive perception of pharmacists’ roles in the healthcare system and want to work with them.
Keywords: Perception, Pharmaceutical care, Qualitative study, Nurse, Patient care
Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in Chinese elder diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A retrospective study on the effectiveness and associated risks (EAR) analysis
Authors: Wang Shangcai , Qiang Rui , Zhang Heng 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and associated risks of rivaroxaban against warfarin in Chinese elderly diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Methods: Data regarding demographical characteristics, clinical conditions, ischemic stroke, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, myocardial infractions, hip/pelvic fracture, asthma, breast/prostate cancer, and death during 3-years of treatment of 584 Chinese diabetic patients with confirmed non-valvular atrial fibrillation who were placed on rivaroxaban (RX Cohort, n = 201) or warfarin (WF Cohort, n = 383) were collected from hospital records and analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed for the prediction of the incidence of the treatment-emergent event(s).Results: During the 3-year treatment period, higher numbers of patients were reported for intracranial bleeding (p = 0.042), ischemic stroke (p = 0.042), gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.0006), hip/pelvic fracture (p = 0.042), and asthma (p = 0.0007) in WF cohort than RX cohort. Also, higher mortality was reported in WF cohort than for RX cohort (24 vs. 4, p = 0.024). Female sex (p = 0.031), age (p = 0.035), and comorbidities (p = 0.021) were associated with incidence of treatment-emergent event(s).Conclusion: With rivaroxaban, a significant and safe risk-reduction of thromboembolic events are found in elderly diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Keywords: Anticoagulant, Diabetes, Non-valvular atrial fibrillation, Rivaroxaban, Warfarin
Sangrado Tardio Luego de Tratamiento con Macroligadura Elástica de Hemorroides
Authors: A. Amarillo Hugo , Di Primio Natalia , Montilla Luis , Yromey Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Presentar el caso infrecuente de sangrado tardío posterior al tratamiento con macroligadura elástica de hemorroides, tratamiento propuesto por A. Reis Neto.Caso Clínico: Mujer de 26 años con tratamiento de hemorroides con macroligadura elástica. A los 28 días es admitida en urgencia por proctorragia abundante sin signos de shock hipovolémico. Laboratorio: Hematocrito27%, Hemoglobina 8,9 mg/dl. Se realiza colonoscopia evidenciando la cicatriz de macroligadura con signos de coágulo desprendido sin sangrado activo. Se decide conducta expectante con tratamiento de la hipovolemia incial y anemia. Evoluciona sin resangrado con control endoscópico a los 60 y 180 (sin sangrado y excelentes resultados.Discusión: La macroligadura es una técnica alternativa para el tratamiento de hemorroides con excelentes resultados anatómicos y funcionales. Presenta menor dolor postoperatorio, bajo índice de complicaciones (ninguna severa o propia del método). No existen comunicaciones sobre sangrado tardío grave tanto en ligaduras convencionales como macroligadura.Conclusiones: Se presenta el primer caso comunicado a la fecha de un sangrado tardío en macroligaduras que fue resuelto en forma conservadora.
Pembangunan Sosial oleh Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari melalui Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif
Authors: Christiyani Asri 
Published: June 2020

This article discusses social development by the community carried out by Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari in Kuningan Barat Village, Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict, South Jakarta through the creative economy sector, namely jamu gendong business as a culinary sub-sector based on culture and local wisdom. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive types. The results show that the Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari as a community that runs a business in the creative economy, namely jamu as an Indonesian cultural heritage has succeeded in carrying out the social development process based on seven characteristics of social development. The social development strategy that is carried out is a social development strategy by the community through which the members of the Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari are members who work together harmoniously to meet their needs, solve their problems and try to create opportunities to improve lives through the management of jamu businesses.AbtrakArtikel ini membahas mengenai pembangunan sosial oleh masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari di Kelurahan Kuningan Barat Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan Jakarta Selatan melalui budaya dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari sebagai komunitas yang menjalankan usaha di bidang ekonomi kreatif yaitu jamu sebagai warisan budaya Indonesia telah berhasil melakukan proses pembangunan sosial berdasarkan tujuh karakteristik pembangunan sosial. Strategi pembangunan sosial yang dijalankanadalah strategi pembangunan sosial oleh masyarakat melalui wadah Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari. Masyarakat yang menjadi anggota saling bekerja sama secara harmonis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka, memecahkan masalah mereka dan berupaya menciptakan kesempatan guna memperbaiki hidup melalui pengelolaan usaha jamu gendong.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Pemerintah dan Peran Serta Masyarakat terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan Pesisir Benoa Badung Bali
Authors: Suryani Anih Sri 
Published: June 2020

Management of coastal and coastline is very important in Indonesia, an archipelago country with the longest coastline in the world. Moreover, conditions in some coastal areas in Indonesia have decreased the environment quality for example in the Benoa Region of Bali. This paper aims to quantify the influence of government policies and community participation on the quality of the coastal environment in Benoa Badung Bali Region in the perspective of sustainable development. The quantitative method with the questionnaire instrument was carried out in this study. The results showed that the size of the index for government policy in the Benoa Region was 67.45 (sufficient), the community participation index 78.06 (good), the water condition index 72.78 (good) and the land condition index 74.62 (good). Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between government policy and community participation in the quality of the coastal and coastal environment (r=0,541). Government policies and community participation have positive effect on the condition of the quality of the coastal and coastal environment. Various community empowerment activities and programs and government policies in the Benoa Region, for example the Yasa Segara Pokmaswas group, the development of conservation tourism in Badung, fisheries business development have fulfilled the principles of sustainable development in terms of economic, social/community participation and the environment.AbtrakPengelolaan pesisir dan pantai sangat penting di Indonesia yang merupakan daerah kepulauan dengan garis pantai terpanjang di dunia. Terlebih kondisi di sebagian pesisir di Indonesia kualitas lingkungannya menurun seperti di Kawasan Benoa Badung Bali. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghitung pengaruh kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan pesisir di Kawasan Benoa Badung Bali. Metode kuantitatif dengan instrumen kuesioner dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa besaran indeks untuk kebijakan pemerintah di Kawasan Benoa adalah 67,45 (cukup), indeks peran serta masyarakat 78,06 (baik), indeks kondisi perairan 72,78 (baik) dan indeks kondisi daratan 74,62 (baik). Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan pesisir dan pantai (r=0,541). Kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap kondisi kualitas lingkungan pesisir dan pantai. Berbagai kegiatan dan program pemberdayaan masyarakat dan kebijakan pemerintah di Kawasan Benoa misalnya adanya kelompok Pokmaswas Yasa Segara, pengembangan wisata konservasi di Badung, pengembangan usaha perikanan telah memenuhi prinsip-prinsip pembangunan pesisir secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan.
An investigation of barriers and enablers to energy efficiency retrofitting of social housing in London
Authors: Peel James , Ahmed Vian , Saboor Sara 
Published: June 2020

Carbon emissions, being hazardous, are triggering social concerns which have led to the creation of international treaties to address climate change. Similarly, the United Kingdom under the Climate Change Act (2008) has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emission by at least 80% over 1990 levels by 2050. However, being the oldest member of the EU states (before Brexit), the UK has the oldest housing stock, which contributes to 45% of its carbon emissions due to the older dwellings. To address this issue low carbon retrofitting is needed. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the barriers and enablers to energy efficiency retrofitting in social housing in London, UK based on the perception of experts employed in National and construction companies with an experience that ranges between 6 to 16 years. Initial literature suggested that the problem of energy efficiency retrofitting in the general building stock has been addressed, however little has been reported on its application to social housing. This paper, therefore, groups the barriers and enablers into seven categories that include: financial matters, Technical, IT, Government policy and regulation, social factors (including awareness of the energy efficiency agenda), quality of workmanship and disruption to residents, using literature review, interviews and surveys with key stakeholders within the housing sector, and draws recommendations to enable effective and efficient retrofitting for social housing projects.
Effects of the fat-tailed ewes' body condition scores at lambing on their metabolic profile and offspring growth
Authors: Yagoubi Yathreb , Atti Naziha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of body condition
score (BCS) of fat-tailed Barbarine ewes at lambing on their metabolic profile
around parturition and lamb's growth. The experiment was carried out on 69 Barbarine ewes, divided into three groups according to BCS, which were inferior
to 2, between 2 and 2.5 and superior to 2.5 for the thin, middle and
fat group, respectively. Along the trial, all groups received the same
dietary treatment based on hay, pasture and concentrate. Birth weight (Bi-W), weights at 30 and 70 d (W30 and W70) and average
daily gains (ADGs) of lambs were recorded. Metabolites were determined at
late pregnancy and at the beginning of lactation. Ewes' BCS at lambing had
no effect on lambs' Bi-W (P>0.05), which was 3.8, 3.8 and 3.9
kg, respectively, for thin, middle and fat groups. However, W30, W70 and ADG
increased with a mother's BCS. A positive correlation between lamb growth
parameters and ewe body weight and BCS at weaning was recorded. Energetic
metabolites (glucose and triglycerides) and proteic metabolites (creatinine,
total protein and urea) were similar among groups according to BCS but
significantly different between pregnancy and lactation stages except
triglycerides and urea. In conclusion, BCS may be used as dietary management
tool during ewe lactation. With the transition from pregnancy to
lactation, the content of some metabolites has changed irrespective of BCS;
this aspect needs more investigations.
Ionospheric Pc1 waves during a storm recovery phase observed by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Gou Xiaochen , Li Lei , Zhang Yiteng , Zhou Bin , Feng Yongyong , Cheng Bingjun , Raita Tero , Liu Ji , Zhima Zeren , Shen Xuhui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During the storm recovery phase on 27 August 2018, the China
Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) detected Pc1 wave activities in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere in the high-latitude, post-midnight ionosphere with a central frequency of about 2 Hz. Meanwhile, the typical Pc1 waves were simultaneously observed for several hours by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) stations on the ground. In this paper, we study the propagation characteristics and possible source regions of those waves. Firstly, we find that the Pc1 waves observed by the satellites exhibited mixed polarisation, and the wave normal is almost parallel with the background magnetic field. The field-aligned Poynting fluxes point downwards in both hemispheres, implying that the satellites are close to the wave injection regions in the ionosphere at about L=3. Furthermore, we also find that the estimated position of the plasmapause calculated by models is almost at L=3. Therefore, we suggest that the possible sources of waves are near the plasmapause, which is consistent with previous studies in that the outward expansion of the plasmasphere into the ring current during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms may generate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, and these EMIC waves propagate northwards and southwards along the background
magnetic field to the ionosphere at about L=3. Additionally, the ground station data show that Pc1 wave power attenuates with increasing distance from L=3, supporting the idea that the CSES observes the wave activities near the injection region. The observations are unique in that the Pc1 waves are observed in the ionosphere in nearly conjugate regions where transverse Alfvén waves propagate down into the ionosphere.
Platinum Group Element Enrichment of Natural Quenched Sulfide Solid Solutions, the Norilsk 1 Deposit, Russia
Authors: Brovchenko Valeriya D. , Sluzhenikin Sergey F. , Kovalchuk Elena V. , Kovrigina Sofia V. , Abramova Vera D. , Yudovskaya Marina A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The deepest terminations of the Mount Rudnaya subvertical massive sulfide offshoots of the Norilsk 1 orebody are composed of exceptionally fine grained sulfides that are believed to be natural quenched sulfide solid solutions. Copper-rich intermediate solid solution (ISS) and Fe-rich monosulfide solid solution (MSS) form an equigranular and lamellar matrix hosting MSS- and ISS-dominant globules. The nonstoichiometric chemical compositions of the solid solutions plot within their high-temperature fields known from experiments. MSS contains 19 to 35 wt % Ni, 0.09 to 0.45 wt % Co, and up to 0.6 wt % Cu and is heterogeneously enriched in Rh (up to 32 ppm), Ir (up to 0.6 ppm), Pt (up to 65 ppm), and Pd (up to 168 ppm). ISS occurs as the lamellar intergrowths of the chalcopyrite (Ccpss) and cubanite (Cubss) solid solutions, which bear up to 4.74 wt % Ni and 0.2 wt % Co and are heterogeneously enriched in Zn, Ag, and In. The assemblage of platinum group minerals (PGMs) is hosted mostly in the ISS and is dominated by Pt-Fe alloys and minerals of the rustenburgite-atokite series, like the set of PGMs at the Norilsk 1 deposit. Similar Pt-Pd-Sn compounds in the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) spectra of profiles through MSS and ISS are interpreted to be trapped microinclusions.
The pentlandite contains up to 0.13 wt % Pt, up to 4.62 wt % Pd, &lt;0.53 wt % Co, and &lt;0.4 wt % Cu according to electron microprobe analysis. LA-ICP-MS data and mapping show that Pd content in the pentlandite increases toward contacts with ISS and decreases toward contacts with MSS, supporting a reaction origin of pentlandite. The wide variations of the concentrations of major and trace elements in the solid solutions, as well as the coexistence of Pd-poor (a few ppm Pd) and Pd-rich (over 4.62 wt % Pd) pentlandite within a single sample, seem to characterize the different generations of the MSS to MSS-ISS globules, antecrysts, and phenocrysts with the distinct histories of enrichment due to exchange with fractionated Cu-platinum group element-rich residue. The directional distribution of Pd of high-temperature primary magmatic origin is preserved due to rapid quenching of the sulfides from ~650°C.