bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of hyponatraemia and renal function in type 1 cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Liang Weihao , He Xin , Xue Ruicong , Wei Fangfei , Dong Bin , Wu Zexuan , Owusu‐Agyeman Marvin , Wu Yuzhong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyponatraemia predicts type 1 cardiorenal syndrome in acute decompensated heart failure patients, which associates with poor outcome. Recovery from hyponatraemia has been found to associate with better outcome in acute decompensated heart failure patients, but its prognostic value regarding renal function remains unknown.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of CARRESS‐HF trial, and all patients included had worsening renal function (≥0.3 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine than the nadir). The serum sodium levels of patients were evaluated at baseline and day 4 and day 7 after randomization. Patients were grouped according to the status of hyponatraemia: recovery from hyponatraemia; no hyponatraemia; persistent hyponatraemia; and new‐onset hyponatraemia. Their associations with persistent worsening renal function (serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL higher than the nadir at discharge) were explored.ResultsA total of 118 patients suffered from persistent worsening renal function. Baseline hyponatraemia was not associated with persistent worsening renal function (odds ratio = 0.495, P = .086). Patients in the recovery from hyponatraemia group had a lowest risk of persistent worsening renal function among the study population. Further, baseline serum sodium level was not associated with the risk of persistent worsening renal function (odds ratio = 1.055, P = .233), while the increases in serum sodium level at day 4 (odds ratio = 0.858, P = .003) and at day 7 (odds ratio = 0.821, P < .001) significantly predicted a lower risk of persistent worsening renal function.ConclusionsRecovery from hyponatraemia associates with a lower risk of persistent worsening renal function, suggesting that hyponatraemia correction may improve renal outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure patients with type 1 cardiorenal syndrome.
Performance of the African edible bush‐cricket, Ruspolia differens, on single and mixed diets containing inflorescences of their host plant species
Authors: Malinga Geoffrey M. , Valtonen Anu , Hiltunen Minna , Lehtovaara Vilma J. , Nyeko Philip , Roininen Heikki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe African edible bush‐cricket, Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is an economically valuable insect in sub‐Saharan Africa. For its mass‐rearing, suitable diets that can sustain its performance need to be identified. This study aimed at finding inflorescence diets of 10 host plant species and their mixtures that result in the highest R. differens production. We reared newly hatched nymphs to adults on inflorescences of single host species, and also on a gradient of five diversifying dietary mixtures consisting of one and mixtures of two, three, five, and seven host plant species. For the single host‐plant diets, the developmental time was shortest on Pennisetum purpureum, Chloris gayana, and Brachiaria ruziziensis (approximately 63 days), whereas the fresh weight was highest on B. ruziziensis and P. purpureum (approximately 0.383 g). Survival was highest (>65%) on C. gayana, P. purpureum, B. ruziziensis, Setaria sphacelata, and Sporobolus pyramidalis, and lowest on Panicum maximum, Hyparrhenia rufa, Cynodon dactylon, and Paspalum scrobiculatum (<40%). With respect to diet mixtures, the developmental time was significantly shorter (on average 16 days shorter), and survival was higher, in the most diversified diets compared to the least diversified diets. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid composition did not differ significantly among the diets. However, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids differed significantly among the diets and there was a significant diet*sex interaction. From the applied point of view, based on our results, for maximal weight and survival plus fast development, we recommend rearing on P. purpureum, C. gayana, B. ruziziensis, and S. sphacelata, and on dietary mixtures of inflorescences. These findings are important in designing large‐scale rearing programs for this species.
First report on the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi from Latvia
Authors: Matisone Ilze , Kenigsvalde Kristīne , Zaļuma Astra , Burņeviča Natālija , Šņepste Ilze , Matisons Roberts , Gaitnieks Tālis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring 2017, Dutch elm disease was investigated on 67 Ulmus glabra and 29 Ulmus laevis samples from 28 sites in Latvia. The presence of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi was detected in 61.2% of the samples from U. glabra and in 34.5% of the samples from U. laevis. In 11% of cases, hybrids between subsp. novo‐ulmi and subsp. americana were identified, particularly in the sites in the southern part of Latvia. This study presents the first verified record of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and its subspecies in Latvia.
Self‐referential processing and emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder
Authors: McIvor Lucy , Sui Jie , Malhotra Tina , Drury David , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined whether differential self‐perception influences the salience of emotional stimuli in depressive disorders, using a perceptual matching task in which geometric shapes were arbitrarily assigned to the self and an unknown other. Participants associated shapes with personal labels (e.g. “self” or “other”). Each geometric shape additionally contained a happy, sad or neutral line drawing of a face. Participants then judged whether shape‐label pairs were as originally shown or re‐paired, whilst facial emotion was task‐irrelevant. The results showed biased responses to self‐relevant stimuli compared to other‐relevant stimuli, regardless of facial emotion, for both control and depressed participants. This was reflected in sensitivity (d′) and drift rate (v) measures, suggesting that self‐bias and a bias towards emotion may reflect different underlying processes. We further computed bias scores by subtracting the “neutral” value of each measure (acting as baseline) from the “happy” and “sad” values of each measure, indexing an “emotional bias” (EB) score for “self” and “other” separately. Compared to control participants, depressed participants exhibited reduced “happy” and “sad” emotional biases, regardless of the self‐relevance of stimuli. This finding indicates that depressed participants may exhibit generalised Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI), characterised by hyopoattention to both positive and negative information, at short stimulus presentations. The implications of this are discussed.
Ischaemic stroke in the time of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tejada Meza H. , Lambea Gil Á. , Sancho Saldaña A. , Villar Yus C. , Pardiñas Barón B. , Sagarra Mur D. , Marta Moreno J. ,   Grupo de Seguimiento y Mejora del Programa de Atención al Ictus en Aragón
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeStroke assistance is facing changes and new challenges since COVID‐19 became pandemic. A variation on the patient influx might be one of the greater concerns, due to fewer people coming to emergency departments or coming too late. However, no data quantifying this have been published until now. The aim was to analyse the impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic outbreak on hospital stroke admissions and their characteristics in our region.MethodsThe data of every patient admitted to any hospital of our healthcare system with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke between 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and compared between periods before and after the setting of the state of emergency secondary to the COVID‐19 outbreak.ResultsIn total, 354 patients with ischaemic stroke were admitted in our study period. There was a weekly average of 27.5 cases before the setting of the state of emergency against 12 afterwards (P < 0.001). This drop in stroke cases occurred progressively from week 11, persisting in time despite the decrease in confirmed cases of COVID‐19. No differences in the proportion of intravenous thrombolysis (21.1% vs. 21.5%, P = 0.935) or endovascular therapy (12.4% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.510) were found, nor in other demographic or clinical characteristics except for median onset‐to‐door time (102 vs. 183 min, P = 0.015).ConclusionsThis observational study offers the perspective of a whole region in one of the countries more heavily stricken by the SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic and shows that the decrease of stroke events, since the beginning of the COVID‐19 outbreak, happened globally and without any specific patient distribution.
A rat model of valproate teratogenicity from chronic oral treatment during pregnancy
Authors: Jazayeri Dana , Braine Emma , McDonald Stuart , Dworkin Sebastian , Powell Kim L. , Griggs Karen , Vajda Frank J. E. , O’Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveSodium valproate (VPA), the most effective antiepileptic drug for patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), is a potent human teratogen that increases the risk of a range of congenital malformations, including spina bifida. The mechanisms underlying this teratogenicity are not known, but may involve genetic risk factors. This study aimed to develop an animal model of VPA‐induced birth defects.MethodsWe used three different rat strains: inbred Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg (GAERS), a model of GGE with absence seizures; inbred Non‐Epileptic Controls (NEC); and outbred nonepileptic Wistars. Female rats were fed standard chow or VPA (20 g/kg food) mixed in standard chow for 2 weeks prior to conception, and then mated with same‐strain males. Treatment continued throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were extracted via C‐section on gestational day 21 and examined for birth defects, including external assessment and spinal measurements.ResultsVPA‐exposed pups showed significant reductions in weight, length, and whole‐body development compared with controls of all three strains (P < .0001). Gestational VPA treatment altered intravertebral distances, and resulted in underdeveloped vertebral arches between thoracic region T11 and caudal region C2 in most pups (GAERS, 100%; NEC, 95%; Wistar, 80%), more frequently than in controls (9%, 13%, 19%).SignificanceGestational VPA treatment results in similar developmental and morphological abnormalities in three rat strains, including one with GGE, indicating that the genetic underpinnings of epilepsy do not contribute markedly to VPA‐induced birth defects. This model may be used in future studies to investigate mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of antiepileptic drug–induced birth defects.
Technical set‐up and case illustrations of orthopaedic cone beam computed tomography in the standing horse
Authors: Koch C. , Pauwels F. , Schweizer‐Gorgas D. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryComputed tomography (CT) is a widely utilised cross‐sectional imaging modality in the horse. However, most CT imaging of horses’ limbs has so far been restricted to applications under general anaesthesia. CT configurations that allow for imaging of the extremities in standing, sedated horses up to and including the carpus and tarsus have not yet been published. Here, a detailed description of the infrastructure and technical set‐up for CT examinations of horses’ limbs under standing sedation and using a mobile cone beam CT unit is provided.
Psychometric Properties of the Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness, and Engagement Scale in a Community Sample of Turkish Adults
Authors: Zeytinoğlu‐Saydam Senem , Erdem Gizem , Söylemez Yudum 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe current study explored the psychometric properties of the Brief Accessibility, Responsivity, and Engagement (BARE) scale in a sample of Turkish adults in ongoing committed relationships (N = 509).BackgroundThe sense of safety that results from accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement in a romantic relationship predicts more positive expectations and affect about one's partner, as well as better emotion regulation and communication skills in a relationship. However, there are no studies investigating the measurement of these behaviors in the context of Turkish culture.MethodThe data for this study were collected through either social media and online listservs or three college campuses in Istanbul from November 2016 to June 2017. Participants were 27.26 (SD = 9.82) years old on average and mostly women (82.9%, n = 422), and approximately one quarter were married (23.4%, n = 121).ResultsResults showed that the BARE scale demonstrated good internal and test–retest reliability, as well as adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 12‐item structure of the BARE scale, but there was no support for the 2‐item by six‐subscale structure in the Turkish sample. Due to the high overlap between the BARE Self and Partner subscales, the scale appears to be a single‐factor measure when used in the Turkish context with a community sample of adults in romantic relationships.ConclusionFurther research is needed to test the BARE scale's psychometric qualities among distressed and clinical samples, using reports of both partners.
Intersectional Family Systems Approach: LGBTQ+ Latino/a Youth, Family Dynamics, and Stressors
Authors: Schmitz Rachel M. , Robinson Brandon Andrew , Sanchez Julissa 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe developed an intersectional family systems framework to examine how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) Latino/a youth experience stressors stemming from familial resistance to their marginalized LGBTQ+ identities.BackgroundAnti‐LGBTQ+ sentiments surrounding LGBTQ+ young people of color's multiple marginalized identities shape stressors. Specifically, LGBTQ+ Latino/a youth navigate distressing family experiences, yet how such family dynamics influence their well‐being remains unclear.MethodBy qualitatively analyzing in‐depth interviews with 41 LGBTQ+ Latino/a young adults between 18 and 25 years of age who were either born in or had moved to the United States as children, we developed an intersectional family systems approach.ResultsAnti‐LGBTQ+ familial derogation shaped youth's stressors. Further, familial religious pressure constrained young people's identity expression. Finally, participants navigated their mental well‐being through familial identity management strategies.ConclusionBy advancing an intersectional family systems approach, we explicate the diverse ways LGBTQ+ youth of color perceive and respond to intersecting sources of oppression within their family systems.ImplicationsThese findings may inform service providers working with LGBTQ+ Latino/a young people and their families to improve mental health outcomes.
Melatonin and morphine: potential beneficial effects of co‐use
Authors: Hemati Karim , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Dehdashtian Ehsan , Fatemi Iman , Mehrzadi Saeed , Reiter Russel J. , Hosseinzadeh Azam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMorphine is a potent analgesic agent used to control acute or chronic pain. Chronic administration of morphine results in analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side effects including dependence, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation, which limit its clinical usage. Therefore, identifying the new analgesics with fewer side effects which could increase the effect of morphine and reduce its side effects is crucial. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule produced in the body, is known to play an important role in pain regulation. The strong anti‐inflammatory effect of melatonin is suggested to be involved in the attenuation of the pain associated with inflammation. Melatonin also increases the anti‐nociceptive actions of opioids, such as morphine, and reverses their tolerance through regulating several cellular signaling pathways. In this review, published articles evaluating the effect of the co‐consumption of melatonin and morphine in different conditions were investigated. Our results show that melatonin has pain‐killing properties when administered alone or in combination with other anti‐nociceptive drugs. Melatonin decreases morphine consumption in different pathologies. Furthermore, attenuation of morphine intake can be accompanied by reduction of morphine‐associated side‐effects, including physical dependence, morphine tolerance, and morphine‐related hyperalgesia. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the combination of melatonin with morphine could reduce morphine‐induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, which may result from anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of melatonin. Overall, we underscore that, to further ameliorate patients' life quality and control their pain in various pathological conditions, melatonin deserves to be used with morphine by anesthesiologists in clinical practice.
Land suitability for energy crops under scenarios of climate change and land‐use
Authors: Cronin Jennifer , Zabel Florian , Dessens Olivier , Anandarajah Gabrial 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBioenergy is expected to play a critical role in climate change mitigation. Most integrated assessment models assume an expansion of agricultural land for cultivation of energy crops. This study examines the suitability of land for growing a range of energy crops on areas that are not required for food production, accounting for climate change impacts and conservation requirements. A global fuzzy logic model is employed to ascertain the suitable cropping areas for a number of sugar, starch and oil crops, energy grasses and short rotation tree species that could be grown specifically for energy. Two climate change scenarios are modelled (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), along with two scenarios representing the land which cannot be used for energy crops due to forest and biodiversity conservation, food agriculture and urban areas. Results indicate that 40% of the global area currently suitable for energy crops overlaps with food land and 31% overlaps with forested or protected areas, highlighting hotspots of potential land competition risks. Approximately 18.8 million km2 is suitable for energy crops, to some degree, and does not overlap with protected, forested, urban or food agricultural land. Under the climate change scenario RCP8.5, this increases to 19.6 million km2 by the end of the century. Broadly, climate change is projected to decrease suitable areas in southern regions and increase them in northern regions, most notably for grass crops in Russia and China, indicating that potential production areas will shift northwards which could potentially affect domestic use and trade of biomass significantly. The majority of the land which becomes suitable is in current grasslands and is just marginally or moderately suitable. This study therefore highlights the vital importance of further studies examining the carbon and ecosystem balance of this potential land‐use change, energy crop yields in sub‐optimal soil and climatic conditions and potential impacts on livelihoods.
Establishment of a system for finding inhibitors of ε RNA binding with the HBV polymerase
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Quan , Ohsaki Eriko , Ueda Keiji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough several nucleo(s)tide analogs are available for treatment of HBV infection, long‐term treatment with these drugs can lead to the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses. Recent HIV‐1 studies suggest that combination therapies using nucleo(s)tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non‐nucleo(s)tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) could drastically inhibit the viral genome replication of NRTI‐resistant viruses. In order to carry out such combinational therapy against HBV, several new NRTIs and NNRTIs should be developed. Here, we aimed to identify novel NNRTIs targeting the HBV polymerase terminal protein (TP)‐reverse transcriptase (RT) (TP‐RT) domain, which is a critical domain for HBV replication. We expressed and purified the HBV TP‐RT with high purity using an Escherichia coli expression system and established an in vitro ε RNA‐binding assay system. Then, we used TP‐RT in cell‐free assays to screen candidate inhibitors from a chemical compound library, and identified two compounds, 6‐hydroxy‐DL‐DOPA and N‐oleoyldopamine, which inhibited the binding of ε RNA with the HBV polymerase. Furthermore, these drugs reduced HBV DNA levels in cell‐based assays as well by inhibiting packaging of pregenome RNA into capsids. The novel screening system developed herein should open a new pathway the discovery of drugs targeting the HBV TP‐RT domain to treat HBV infection.
Microneedle patch based on dissolving, detachable microneedle technology for improved skin quality – Part 1: ex vivo safety evaluation
Authors: Zvezdin V. , Peno‐Mazzarino L. , Radionov N. , Kasatkina T. , Kasatkin I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the paper presented herein is the description and safety evaluation of the process of dissolution of an 86‐microneedle patch composed of hyaluronic acid, when applied topically to human abdominal skin explants. Such explants were chosen to replace the inability of obtaining periorbital skin. In order to evaluate penetration and dissolution of the microneedles, we employed histochemical methods and a fluorescent dye FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate).MethodsAbdominoplasty human skin explants were treated with square microneedle patches with a 1.5‐cm2 surface area, containing 86 microneedles and having 450 ± 23.5 µm in height with 1 mm interspacing between nearest neighbouring microneedles. Histological processing and staining for cell viability, FITC distributions and glycosaminoglycans were performed. The stained surface percentage for each treatment was compared to control untreated samples at given time points. A Mann–Whitney test was used to identify the difference between two populations (sites of skin samples punctured with stained and clear microneedles, respectively) at the given level of statistical significance (P < 0.05).ResultsThe application of the MN patch to excised skin explants showed these microneedles to be non‐invasive into the dermis of the skin. Skin puncturing with MN patches revealed 17 different sites of microneedle penetration immediately afterwards and 4 sites, 2 h later. Although there were some variances in the epidermal depth of penetration, these variances did not impact on cell viability. The hyaluronic acid‐based microneedles having 450 µm in length penetrated the epidermis at an averaged depth by 26 µm without disrupting skin cell viability and without causing an inflammatory response. Hyaluronic acid could be detected in most of these penetration sites, with no diffusion into the dermis, which is important for cosmetic applications. FITC analysis uncovered fluorescein isothiocyanate distribution within microneedle insertion site, which remained steady after 2 and 6 h of experimentation.ConclusionUsing ex vivo tracer staining studies, we have shown that the evaluated microneedle applicator is capable of penetrating the skin epidermis and delivering substances embedded in the needle polymer matrix. In addition, the tested product was shown to be safe, which provides a broad perspective for delivering cosmetic and pharmaceutic agents.