bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of tensile strength of sawn timber: models for calculation of yield in strength classes
Authors: Briggert Andreas , Olsson Anders , Oscarsson Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Europe, strength classes for structural timber and glulam lamellae are defined by minimum requirements of characteristic values of the grade determining properties (GDPs). To fulfill these minimum requirements of characteristic values in the daily production at sawmills, indicating properties (IPs) to GDPs are calculated for each board and based on predetermined limits of the IPs (settings) boards are assigned to the graded class, or rejected. The aims of this paper is to address and discuss two different grading procedures/models that can be applied when settings for IPs that reflects a local board property are derived and to show how the yield in different T-classes depend on the model applied. It is not always that a board’s weakest cross-section is evaluated in a destructive test. An IP representing a local board property can therefore be determined either as the lowest property of the tested part of the board or as the lowest property along the whole board when applied to derive settings. Results presented in this paper show that too low settings and too large yields are obtained when the latter IP is employed. Similarly, IPs reflecting a global board property, like axial dynamic MOE, also give too low settings and too high yield in strength classes. This paper is the second and closing part of a series of two paper on prediction of GDPs and procedures for grading sawn timber into T-classes.
Effect of Moistube and subsurface drip irrigation on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp) production in South Africa
Authors: Edwin Kimutai Kanda  , Aidan Senzanje  , Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi  
Published: May 2020

Moistube irrigation (MTI) is a new subsurface irrigation technology where the water emits from a semi-permeable membrane at a slow rate depending on applied pressure and soil water potential. There is lack of information on how various crops respond to MTI. This study determined growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) under varying water regimes under MTI and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), using field and glasshouse experiments in summer and winter of 2018, respectively. A split-plot design arranged in randomized complete blocks, replicated 3 times, with SDI as the control experiment was used. The main plot was irrigation type while the sub-plots were the water regimes. The water treatments consisted of full irrigation (100% of crop water requirement (ETc)), and deficit irrigation (DI) of 70% ETc and 40% ETc. Water deficit had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on time to flowering; plants under 40% ETc flowered 14 days earlier than plants at 100% ETc. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in yield components. Grain yields were 1 280 kg∙ha-1, 2 401 kg∙ha-1 and 3 189 kg∙ha-1 for 40% ETc, 70% ETc and 100% ETc, respectively, but no significant (p > 0.05) differences were recorded between SDI and MTI. However, at 40% ETc, SDI had 15% higher yield than MTI. Biomass varied significantly (p < 0.05) with irrigation type and water treatment. Grain WUE varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the water regimes. The highest WUE was achieved under SDI at 70% ETc but was not significantly different from that under MTI at 70% ETc. In conclusion, performance of cowpea was similar under the two irrigation systems under moderate DI but was better for SDI under severe DI with respect to biomass and WUE for the summer trial. Moderate DI improved the grain WUE while all the DI conditions improved the biomass WUE.
Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Elijah Ngumba  , Anthony Gachanja  , James Nyirenda  , Johanna Maldonado  , Tuula Tuhkanen  
Published: May 2020

Recently, there has been an increased interest in bridging the knowledge gap in the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in African urban water cycles. In this study, the occurrence of 7 antibiotics and 3 antiretrovirals in source-separated urine, groundwater, wastewater and surface water of the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia, was studied. In groundwater, the pharmaceuticals were only sporadically present with 4 antibiotics and 1 antiretroviral detected. The concentration of the antibiotics ranged from below limit of quantification (<LOQ) to 880 ng/L, with sulfamethoxazole having the highest detection frequency of 42.3%. In the surface water, a comparatively high concentration of pharmaceuticals was measured with concentrations ranging from <LOQ–11 800 ng/L to <LOQ–49 700 ng/L for antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent waters ranged from 100–33 300 ng/L and 80–30 040 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of the antiretrovirals was also relatively high in the wastewater and ranged from 680–118 970 ng/L and 1 720–55 760 ng/L in the influent and effluent, respectively. The concentration of the target analytes in source-separated urine were several orders of magnitude higher than in wastewater. Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and lamivudine had the highest concentrations, of 7 740 µg/L, 12 800 µg/L and 10 010 µg/L, respectively. The high concentration detected in source-separated urine calls for precautionary measures to be undertaken when such urine is to be used as a fertilizer. However, urine source separation has a major advantage of pooling a significant proportion of excreted pharmaceuticals into small manageable volumes which can be effectively treated, minimizing environmental contamination. The high concentrations of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs measured in this study necessitate creation of effective barriers to mitigate the possible environmental and human health risks.
Diversifikasi Produksi Susu Kedelai Berbasis Mikroalga Autotrofik Guna Meningkatkan Indeks Nutraseutikal
Authors: Fathurohman Mochamad , Aprillia Ade Yeni , Pratita Anindita Tri Kusuma , Tenderly Vidya Febrasca 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi mikroalga sebagai mikroorganisme penghasil sumber protein dalam diversifikasi produk susu kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan uji mutu hedonik dengan lima perlakuan variasi susu kedelai (b/b) yang disubstitusi mikroalga untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal yaitu masing-masing 0,2% (produk A), 0,4% (produk B), 0,6% (produk C), 0,8% (produk D) dan 1,0 % (produk E). Diversifikasi produk terpilih diujikan kadar protein, lemak, cemaran logam dan cemaran mikroba. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa rerata kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, rasa, aroma, dan kekentalan produk tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05), diversifikasi produk yang dipilih terbanyak adalah (produk B) dengan respon kesukaan sebesar 74%. Hasil analisis produk (dalam 100 ml) mengandung kadar protein 3,61%, lemak 2,54%, pH 6,69, cemaran logam timbal ≤ 0,01 mg/l, tembaga 0,98 mg/l, seng 4,07 mg/l, timah ≤ 0,01 mg/l, merkuri ≤ 0,01 mg/l dan cemaran mikroba negatif salmonella, total kapang 1,3 CFU/ml, Esherichia coli 2 APM/ml dan kenaikan kadar protein sebelum dan setelah subtritusi mirolaga sebesear 0,33%. Kesimpulannya, diversifikasi produksi susu kedelai berbasis mikroalga dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal.Diversification of Soymilk Production Based on Autotrophic Microalgae to Improve Nutraceutical IndexAbstract Research is aimed to improve potential use of microalgae as protein microorganism producer in the manufacture of soy milk products. Hedonic quality test was used in the study with five variations on the treatment of soymilk (b/b) that was substituted with microalgae i.e. 0.2% (product A), 0.4% (product B), 0.6% (product C), 0.8% (product D), and 1.0% (product E). The modified products was tested for protein, fat, metal contamination, and microbial contamination. As results, the preference index of color, taste, aroma, and thickness of the product by panelists were not exhibited significant result (p>0.05), the most chosen product were (product B) with preference index of 74%.The analysis (per 100 ml) of protein, fat, and pH was 3.61%, 2.54%, and 6.69, respectively while metal, copper, zinc, lead, and mercury contamination was detected as 0.01, 0.98, 4.07, ≤ 0.01, ≤ 0.01 mg/l, respectively. Negative microbial contamination of salmonella was detected while the total mold was exhibited as 1.3 CFU/ml and Escherichia coli as 2 APM/ml. The increase of protein level before and after substitution with microalgae was detected as 0.33%. As conclusion, diversification of soymilk production based on microalgae might able to improve nutraceutical index of products.
Best Practices for Adapting and Delivering Community-Based Yoga for People with Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States and Canada
Authors: Chauhan Nirali , Zeller Shilo , Donnelly Kyla Z. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Emerging benefits of yoga for traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggest that broader accessibility to community-based yoga programming is important. This cross-sectional, mixed methods study sought to identify best practices for adapting and delivering community-based yoga to people with TBI. An online survey was sent to 175 yoga teachers trained to teach LoveYourBrain Yoga, a community-based, 6-week, manualized program for people with TBI and their care-givers. The survey instrument included open- and closed-text questions assessing teachers’ perspectives on the most and least helpful adaptions for asana, meditation, pranayama, and group discussion, and on the LoveYourBrain Yoga training and support. Responses we re analyzed using d e s c r i p t i ve statistics and qualitative content analysis. Eighty-six teachers (50%) responded. Best practices for adapting yoga for TBI revealed six themes: (1) simple, slow, and repeated; (2) creating a safe space; (3) position of the head and neck; (4) demonstration; (5) importance of props; and (6) special considerations for yoga studios. Three themes emerged for yoga program delivery: (1) structured yet flexible; (2) acceptability of compensation; and (3) time management. Eighty-nine percent of teachers reported that the program manual was very/extremely helpful, yet nearly half (49%) adapted the manual content often/always. To deliver community-based yoga services for TBI, we recommend an environment with props, low light and noise, and sufficient space, along with the facilitation of consistent instruction with a manual that allows for flexibility. We recommend that yoga teachers have skills in physical modifications for the head and neck; slow, simple, and repeated cueing to facilitate cognitive processing; managing challenging behaviors through redirection techniques; and promoting safety through inclusivity, compassion, and personal agency.
ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA E A INTEGRALIDADE DO CUIDADO: PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: De Souza Aline Pereira , Rezende Katia , Marin Maria José , Tonhom Silvia 
Published: May 2020

<p>Objetivo: analisar a percepção dos profissionais das Equipes de Saúde da Família sobre a integralidade no cotidiano do cuidado. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado em quatro unidades da Estratégia Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de grupo focal com profissionais de diferentes categorias profissionais e contou com questões norteadoras sobre a compreensão de integralidade, como é desenvolvida, as potencialidades e as dificuldades em sua implementação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: foram elaboradas duas temáticas: Integralidade na Atenção Básica revestida de complexidade e Desafios da integralidade devido à desarticulação intersetorial e dos níveis de atenção à saúde. Conclusão: dada a amplitude conceitual da integralidade, os profissionais das Equipes de Saúde da Família compreendem que esta se reveste de grande complexidade e enfrentam desafios importantes em sua implementação.</p><p>Descritores: Estratégia Saúde da Família. Sistema Único de Saúde. Integralidade em Saúde</p><p> </p><p><strong>Descritores</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Estratégia Saúde da Família; Sistema Único de Saúde; Integralidade em Saúde.</p>
STUDENT SURVEY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY – CHALLENGES TO DESIGN AND ANALYSE DATA
Authors: O. Torbas Oleksandr , V. Hloviuk Iryna , V. Malakhova Olga 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to present useful practical advice on the process of designing questionnaires for student surveys for higher education quality, as well as conducting such survey through the analysis of results of such survey that was held in National University "Odesa Law Academy".
Methodology: This research is based on the results of an anonymous online survey among 142 students of the Faculty of Advocacy of the National University "Odesa Law Academy", which was conducted in April 2017. The survey consisted of 29 questions. All questions were divided into 3 separate groups: assessment of academic discipline, assessment of lectures, and assessment of practical classes. Each group consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Closed-ended questions were evaluated on a 10-point scale, where 1 is the lowest score, and 10 is the highest.
Main Findings: The research findings demonstrate that to increase the response rate of student it's better to reduce the number of questionnaires and questions in them. Also, the authors stated that the online form of survey is better than paper form (in aspects of accessibility, anonymity, and convenience for students). It was found that the vast majority of students' responses were received during the first days of the survey, which indicates that it is impractical to be conducting such a survey over a long period. It was found that in response to closed-ended questions most students chose the highest mark (10 out of 10), so developers of questionnaires have to choose another scale for closed-ended question assessment which has some real references. Also, it was stated that only a fraction of open-ended questions will contain really useful information that can be further used to improve educational services.
Application of this study: This research can be used by administration staff and teachers of universities as a guideline in conducting similar surveys.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the attempt of combining relatively easy in implementation but quite effective in usage rules of conducting student’s survey on higher education quality in one paper.
Consumption of light foods and drinks among adults
Authors: Szczepańska Elżbieta , Grudowska Elwira 
Published: May 2020

WstępSposób żywienia ma znaczenie nie tylko dla utrzymania dobrego stanu zdrowia, ale również w prewencji wielu chorób. Prawidłowe odżywianie pozwala także utrzymać właściwą masę ciała. Z powodu zwiększenia zainteresowania konsumentów tymi zagadnieniami zaczął rozwijać się nowy sektor rynku żywnościowego, tj. produkty typu light. Celem pracy była ocena częstości ich spożycia oraz analiza zależności pomiędzy częstością konsumpcji a wiekiem, wykształceniem i masą ciała badanych osób.Materiał i metodyW badaniu brały udział 203 dorosłe osoby, które deklarowały spożywanie produktów typu light. Częstotliwość ich konsumpcji oceniano na podstawie autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety.WynikiNajwiększy odsetek badanych sięga po produkty mleczne typu light kilka razy w tygodniu (23,2%) lub okazjonalnie (40,4% badanych). Produkty tłuszczowe i słodycze typu light były spożywane okazjonalnie przez odpowiednio 34,5% i 30% badanych osób. Napoje typu light w większości przypadków były konsumowane kilka razy w miesiącu (20,7%) i okazjonalnie (40,4%).WnioskiWśród ankietowanych osób spożycie żywności typu fast food jest rzadkie. Stwierdzono występowanie słabej lub niskiej korelacji pomiędzy częstością spożycia żywności typu light a wiekiem, wykształceniem i masą ciała badanych osób. Konieczne wydaje się prowadzenie edukacji żywieniowej od najmłodszych lat, szczególnie wśród dzieci i młodzieży oraz jej kontynuowanie w populacji osób dorosłych.
FLY ASH AS FILLER USED FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF MARSHALL ASPHALT CONCRETE WEARING COURSE (AC-WC)
Authors: Sadillah Muhammad , Zainul Arifin M. , Wicaksono Achmad 
Published: May 2020

In an effort to increase the strength of mixed asphalt concrete structure ( AC-WC ) in addition to the use of hot asphalt mixture with new specification, the selection of material type used is very important. In addition to asphalt, both coarse and fine aggregates and fillers are one component in a pavement construction that has a large role. Therefore further research is needed on the influence of temperature variation and percentage of filler fly ash to the modulus of r esilien which is good so that it can be applied and able to overcome the damages. In this research is divided into 3 (three) stages namely (1) the selection of materials; (2) the preparation of the specimen; (3) research and data analysis. Asphalt concrete mixed test (AC-WC) showed that Asphalt Optimum (KAO) content with 5.5% asphalt content with VIM value of 3.70%, VMA of 19.00%, Stability of 1,152.93 kg, Flow of 2.78 mm and MQ of 417.39 kg/mm. The result of mixed asphalt concrete (AC-WC) asphalt with filler fly ash test showed that the optimum mixture content was 7% filler content with VIM value 4,21%, VMA 19,21%, Stability 1326.10 kg, Flow of 3.69 mm and MQ of 360.13 kg/mm.
Dalam upaya meningkatkan kekuatan struktur campuran beton aspal lapisan aus (AC-WC) selain perlu adanya penggunaan campuran beraspal panas dengan spesifikasi baru, pemilihan jenis material yang digunakan adalah sangat penting. Selain aspal, agregat baik kasar maupun halus serta filler adalah salah satu komponen dalam suatu konstruksi perkerasan jalan yang mempunyai peranan besar. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh variasi temperatur dan prosentase filler fly ash terhadap modulus resilien yang baik sehingga dapat diterapkan dan mampu mengatasi kerusakan-kerusakan. Dalam penelitian ini terbagi dalam 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu (1) tahapan pemilihan bahan; (2) tahap persiapan benda uji; (3) tahap penelitian dan analisis data. Hasil pengujian campuran aspal beton lapis aus (AC-WC) menunjukan bahwa Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO) yaitu dengan kadar aspal 5,5% dengan nilai VIM sebesar 3.70%, VMA sebesar 19,00%, Stabilitas sebesar 1.152,93 Kg, Flow sebesar 2,78 mm dan MQ sebesar 417,39 Kg/mm. Hasil pengujian campuran aspal beton lapis aus (AC-WC) dengan penggantian filller fly ash menunjukan bahwa kadar campuran optimum yaitu dengan kadar filler 7% dengan nilai VIM sebesar 4,21%, VMA sebesar 19,21%, Stabilitas sebesar 1326.10 Kg, Flow sebesar 3,69 mm dan MQ sebesar 360.13 Kg/m.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROAD AND OPERATIONAL COST OF VEHICLES ON JEMBER COLLECTOR URBAN STREET
Authors: Lestari Agustina Tri , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Kriswardhana Willy 
Published: May 2020

Assessment of operational costs of vehicles using the method of Pacific Consultant International (PCI). The research was conducted on 6 collector road segments in Jember Regency which was improved in 2013-2015. From result of analysis of operational cost of vehicle in year 2016 and year 2018 got equation Y = 0,3315xଶ - 65,339x + 6199,1 where y is BOK value and x is PCI value. From the equation is known value of coefficient of determination (R ଶ ) = 0,8061 which means success rate in this regression method is 0,8061 (regression model is said good if value R ଶ approach one). In 2016 and 2018 there is a difference in the value of road damage conditions (PCI values). Differences in the value of BOK in 2016 and 2018 on Dr. Soebandi 1 = Rp. 487.69 / km, on the Dr. Soebandi 2 = Rp. -146,7 / km, on Sarangan 1 = Rp. 1327.68 / km, on Sarangan 2 = Rp.-1.99 / km, on Cempaka = Rp. 2827,41 / km, on Tapaksiring = Rp. 1228.02 / km, on Yos Sudarso 1 = Rp. 808,7 / km, on Yos Sudarso 2 = Rp. -2.48 / km, on Wolter Monginsidi 1 = Rp. 544.48 / km, and on Wolter Monginsidi 2 = Rp. -0.23 / km.
Jalan adalah prasarana transportasi umum yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat. Kondisi jalan yang mengalami kerusakan akan mempengaruhi kecepatan kendaraan yang melintasinya. Dimana kecepatan nantinya akan mempengaruhi biaya operasional kendaraan. Penilaian biaya operasional kendaran menggunakan metode Pacific Consultant International (PCI). Penelitian dilakukan pada 6 ruas jalan kolektor di Kabupaten Jember yang diperbaiki tahun 2013-2015. Dari hasil analisis biaya operasional kendaraan didapatkan persamaan Y = 0,3315– 65,339x + 6199,1 dimana y adalah nilai BOK dan x adalah nilai PCI. Dari persamaan tersebut diketahui nilai koefisien determinasi ()= 0,8061 yang artinya tingkat keberhasilan dalam metode regresi ini adalah 0,8061 (model regresi dikatakan baik apabila nilai mendekati satu). Pada tahun 2016 dan tahun 2018 terdapat perbedaan pada nilai kondisi kerusakan jalan (nilai PCI). Perbedaan nilai BOK tahun 2016 dan 2018 pada ruas jalan Dr. Soebandi 1 = Rp. 487,69/km, pada ruas jalan Dr. Soebandi 2 = Rp. -146,7/km, pada ruas jalan Sarangan 1 = Rp. 1327,68/km, pada ruas jalan Sarangan 2 = Rp.-1,99/km, pada ruas jalan Cempaka = Rp. 2827,41/km, pada ruas jalan Tapaksiring = Rp. 1228,02/km, pada ruas jalan Yos Sudarso 1 = Rp. 808,7/km, pada ruas jalan Yos Sudarso 2 = Rp. -2,48/km, pada ruas jalan Wolter Monginsidi 1 = Rp. 544,48/km, dan pada ruas jalan Wolter Monginsidi 2 = Rp. -0,23/km.
EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE LOAD ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE HIGHWAY BRIDGE WITH I-GIRDER PRESTRESSED CONCRETE IN THE EVENT OF INACCURACIES IN PRESTRESSING LOSS PREDICTIONS
Authors: Priyono Pujo , Nurtjahjaningtyas Indra 
Published: May 2020

In planning a highway bridge girder using prestressed concrete, it must pay attention to two design categories, namely strength and service. Problems have arisen since the existence of earthquake resistance regulations for road bridges, so planners must calculate the amount of deflection and stress that occurs in the upper structure due to earthquake loads, which must be smaller than the deflection and voltage permits required by regulations. All of that was also greatly influenced by the accuracy of the predicted loss losses for prestressed concrete girders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a study which could be a solution for how to actually treat a good design, for the I-Girder design of prestressed concrete used as a highway bridge girder in the event of inaccurate prediction of loss of pressure during an earthquake, resulting in two design categories strength and service ability can be considered all well. The methodology of this study is to make as a starting point the prestressed concrete I girder whose dimensions are capable of being a highway bridge girder with a span of 30 m to 40 meters with standard loading for loading BM 100. For span bridges that have 100% prediction accuracy, use as a basic benchmark of deflection and stress values that occur for the type of combination of loads that have earthquake loads, then with the same span, varied values of inaccurate predictions lose pre-stress and analyzed deflection and stress values that occur for types of load combinations that have earthquake loads varied earthquake regions 1,2, 3 and 4, for medium soil types. The results of the study show that the greater the percentage of inaccurate prediction of loss of pressure, the greater the deviation ratio of deviations both deflection, upper fiber stress and lower fiber stress occur in the field. Which, if the prediction of losing pre-pressures is smaller than the actual one, then the level of the deviation ratio of the allowable deviation increases as well as vice versa. Also, predicting pre-suppression voltage loss that is located on the side greater than the actual loss of pressure that occurs will be on the part of the party that is harmful to the ability of service and the permissible power, when an earthquake occurs.