bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the significance of wet‐canopy evaporation from forests during extreme rainfall events for flood mitigation in mountainous regions of theUnited Kingdom
Authors: Page Trevor , Chappell Nick A. , Beven Keith J. , Hankin Barry , Kretzschmar Ann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is increased interest in the potential of tree planting to help mitigate flooding usingnature‐based solutionsornatural flood management. However, many publications based upon catchment studies conclude that, as flood magnitude increases, benefit from forest cover declines and is insignificant for extreme flood events. These conclusions conflict with estimates of evaporation loss from forest plot observations of gross rainfall, through fall and stem flow. This study explores data from existing studies to assess the magnitudes of evaporation and attempts to identify the meteorological conditions under which they would be supported. This is achieved using rainfall event data collated from publications and data archives from studies undertaken in temperate environments around the world. The meteorological conditions required to drive the observed evaporation losses are explored theoretically using the Penman–Monteith equation. The results of this theoretical analysis are compared with the prevailing meteorological conditions during large and extreme rainfall events in mountainous regions of the United Kingdom to assess the likely significance of wet canopy evaporation loss. The collated dataset showed that eventEwclosses between approximately 2 and 38% of gross rainfall (1.5 to 39.4 mm day−1) have been observed during large rainfall events (up to 118 mm day−1) and that there are few data for extreme events (>150 mm day−1). Event data greater than 150 mm (reported separately) included similarly high percentage evaporation losses. Theoretical estimates of wet‐canopy evaporation indicated that, to reproduce the losses towards the high end of these observations, relative humidity and the aerodynamic resistance for vapour transport needed to be lower than approximately 97.5% and 0.5 to 2 s m−1respectively. Surface meteorological data during large and extreme rainfall events in the United Kingdom suggest that conditions favourable for high wet‐canopy evaporation are not uncommon and indicate that significant evaporation losses during large and extreme events are possible but not for all events and not at all locations. Thus the disparity with the results from catchment studies remains.
Metabolic syndrome biomarkers and prostate cancer risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Monroy‐Iglesias Maria J. , Russell Beth , Crawley Danielle , Allen Naomi E. , Travis Ruth C. , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Beckmann Kerri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in a cohort of men enrolled in the UK Biobank. Our study cohort included 220 622 PCa‐free men with baseline measurements of triglycerides (TGs), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and waist circumference (WC). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze associations with PCa for: individual metabolic components (TG, HDL, HbA1c, BP, WC), combinations of two and three components, and MetS overall (three or more components). We conducted mediation analyses to examine potential hormonal and inflammatory pathways (total testosterone [TT], C‐reactive protein [CRP], insulin‐like growth factor 1 [IGF‐1]) through which MetS components may influence PCa risk. A total of 5409 men in the study developed PCa during a median follow‐up of 6.9 years. We found no significant association between MetS and PCa risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92‐1.06). No associations were found with PCa risk and individual measurements of TG, HDL, BP, or WC. However, an inverse association was observed with elevated HbA1c (≥42 mmol/mol) (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79‐0.98). Consistent inverse associations were observed between HbA1c and risk of PCa. Mediation analysis revealed TT, CRP, and IGF‐1 as potential mediating factors for this association contributing 10.2%, 7.1%, and 7.9% to the total effect, respectively. Overall MetS had no association with PCa risk. However, a consistent inverse association with PCa risk was found for HbA1c. This association may be explained in part through hormonal and inflammatory pathways.
miR‐34a is upregulated in AIP‐mutated somatotropinomas and promotes octreotide resistance
Authors: Bogner Eva‐Maria , Daly Adrian F. , Gulde Sebastian , Karhu Auli , Irmler Martin , Beckers Johannes , Mohr Hermine , Beckers Albert , Pellegata Natalia S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPituitary adenomas (PAs) are intracranial tumors associated with significant morbidity due to hormonal dysregulation, mass effects and have a heavy treatment burden. Growth hormone (GH)‐secreting PAs (somatotropinomas) cause acromegaly‐gigantism. Genetic forms of somatotropinomas due to germline AIP mutations (AIPmut+) have an early onset and are aggressive and resistant to treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSAs), including octreotide. The molecular underpinnings of these clinical features remain unclear. We investigated the role of miRNA dysregulation in AIPmut+ vs AIPmut− PA samples by array analysis. miR‐34a and miR‐145 were highly expressed in AIPmut+ vs AIPmut− somatotropinomas. Ectopic expression of AIPmut (p.R271W) in Aip−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) upregulated miR‐34a and miR‐145, establishing a causal link between AIPmut and miRNA expression. In PA cells (GH3), miR‐34a overexpression promoted proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and suppressed apoptosis, whereas miR‐145 moderately affected proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, high miR‐34a expression increased intracellular cAMP, a critical mitogenic factor in PAs. Crucially, high miR‐34a expression significantly blunted octreotide‐mediated GH inhibition and antiproliferative effects. miR‐34a directly targets Gnai2 encoding Gαi2, a G protein subunit inhibiting cAMP production. Accordingly, Gαi2 levels were significantly lower in AIPmut+ vs AIPmut− PA. Taken together, somatotropinomas with AIP mutations overexpress miR‐34a, which in turn downregulates Gαi2 expression, increases cAMP concentration and ultimately promotes cell growth. Upregulation of miR‐34a also impairs the hormonal and antiproliferative response of PA cells to octreotide. Thus, miR‐34a is a novel downstream target of mutant AIP that promotes a cellular phenotype mirroring the aggressive clinical features of AIPmut+ acromegaly.
Regime switching dynamics in mutual fund cash holdings, risk, and size threshold effect
Authors: Lee Joe‐Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationships among cash holdings, fund risk, fund turnover, and market risk for equity funds over the period 2007–2017 under the scale effect threshold. From the empirical results of the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model, cash holdings and scale effect in equity funds are indeed non‐linear relationship. The findings show that the relationships among cash holdings, fund risk, fund turnover, and market risk differ widely based on taking into account the scale effect.
From point through density valuation to individual risk assessment in the discounted cash flows method
Authors: Dec Marcin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe review the developments and practice of the discounted cash‐flow method in finance with an intermediate goal of presenting parsimonious methods of generating density valuation rather than point forecasts. Our ultimate aim is to select, propose and discuss some density‐based risk measures that may be used by appraisers and investment analysts when conducting discounted cash‐flow valuation for broad group of heterogeneous (by risk appetite) final users or investors. Such a toolbox may be applied directly by the latter group without necessity to rely on aggregated point valuations and recommendations.
Factors influencing dividend decisions of Indian construction, housing and real estate companies: An empirical panel data analysis
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper makes an attempt to identify the factors influencing dividend policy by analysing data of 125 companies enngaged in housing, construction and real estate business in India. These companies are selected which have paid dividend throughout the study period. Most of these companies are listed with either Bombay Stock Exchange or National Stock Exchange. This paper applies three alternative methods to verify and validate the results obtained from each other method. These methods are fully modified ordinary least squares (OLS), dynamic OLS and generalized methods of moments (GMM). Empirical findings of this research article depict that firm size, leverage and liquidity are significantly affecting dividend payout ratios and these variables have a negative relationship with the dividend payout ratio of the selected real estate firms. The results indicate that firm risk as measured through price–earnings ratio (P/E ratio) has a positive association with dividend payout ratio of selected real estate firms. Lagged dividend payout ratio used in the GMM test as an exogenous variable is showing positive significant association with dividend payout ratio. A firm's growth shows a negative relationship with dividend payout ratio using GMM technique. The present study shall be useful to different stakeholders of real estate companies. Various significant determinants as identified can be used by management for designing optimum dividend policy and providing maximum benefits to existing shareholders. Similarly existing as well as prospective shareholders may predict the future payment of dividend and accordingly they may take investment decisions in these firms, as the future fund's requirement of a firm depends upon dividend payment and retention ratio.
Efficiency and productivity analysis of Pakistan's banking industry: ADEAapproach
Authors: Zhu Nan , Shah Wasi Ul Hassan , Kamal Muhammad Abdul , Yasmeen Rizwana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate operational efficiency, productivity, and associated differences between the operational efficiency and productivity of Pakistan's private, public, and foreign banks over the period 2006–2017. To measure the operational efficiency scores and productivity growth change, we used data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) simultaneously. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to check the significant differences between the mean technical efficiencies of different commercial banking industries of Pakistan. Empirical results revealed that mean technical and pure technical efficiency scores of foreign banks are better than domestic banks; however, the mean scale efficiency score of domestic banking is relatively better than foreign banks. Further public sector banks performed well than the private banking industry during the period 2006–2017. Kruskal–Wallis test demonstrated a significant difference between the mean technical efficiency scores of three different banking sectors (public, private, and foreign) of the Pakistan commercial banking industry. Moreover, the MPI results indicated that there is (1.9%) decline in mean total factor productivity change for all commercial banks during the sample period. Further, total factor productivity change of foreign commercial banks shows growth, while a decaying trend is observed for domestic commercial banks.
Stock market transmission channel of monetary policy: Empirical evidence from Turkey
Authors: Gunduz Ilhami 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMonetary policy is one of the instruments that policymakers use to provide both sustainable economic growth and price stability. In this study, I analyse the stock market transmission channel of the monetary policy of the Turkish economy not only at the aggregate but also at the sectoral level in a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) framework. I adopt alternative variables as a policy instrument. When the spread is used as a policy instrument, I find that contractionary monetary policy has a significant negative effect on both output and the price level, and it appreciates the Turkish Lira. Besides, the tight monetary policy reduces both aggregate and sectoral market returns. Hence, I observe that there are effective interest rate, exchange rate, and asset price channels in the Turkish economy.
Impacts of geopolitical risks and economic policy uncertainty on Chinese tourism‐listed company stock
Authors: Jiang Yonghong , Tian Gengyu , Wu Yiqi , Mo Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how geopolitical risk (GPR) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) impact the Chinese tourism stock return using the quantile‐on‐quantile method and causality‐in‐quantiles approach. Compared to the conventional linear regression model and the quantile regression, the quantile‐on‐quantile method can capture more factors of uncertainty and provide more accurate and detailed empirical results. Besides, we consider the upper quantile and lower quantile of stock return as the tourism peak season and off‐season respectively. Overall, the empirical results indicate GPR exerts a lasting negative effect on tourism stock return and that the negative effect of GPR at low quantile is more significant than that at high quantile. Besides, the Chinese categorical EPU influences both negatively and positively the stock returns at different distribution levels. And during tourist off‐season, the asymmetric phenomena between GPR, EPU and stock return are more obvious at lower quantiles and upper quantiles.
The role of intermediary capital risk in predicting oil volatility
Authors: Yin Libo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the ability of market‐based intermediary capital risk to predict the volatility of crude oil futures. Using shocks to the market‐based intermediary capital ratio (IC_RF) of primary dealers as a predictor, this paper shows that IC_RF exhibits statistically and economically significant predictive power for the volatilities of crude oil futures, from both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample perspectives. The revealed predictability is also of economic significance, because it enables examining of the performance of portfolios that are constructed on IC_RF‐based forecasts of oil volatility. Additionally, IC_RF contains robust predictive power beyond what is embedded in traditional fundamental variables. Further analysis provides solid evidence supporting the superiority of asymmetric and regime change models over linear specifications in forecasting oil realized volatility, and it only provides weak evidence for implied oil volatility.
Oil price uncertainty and the risk‐return relation in stock markets: Evidence from oil‐importing and oil‐exporting countries
Authors: He Zhifang , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Fangzhao , Zhang Guoqing , Wen Fenghua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the role of oil price uncertainty measured by the crude oil volatility index (OVX) in the risk‐return relation of stock markets from oil‐importing and exporting countries with the extended GARCH‐M models. It is found that oil price uncertainties have significant impacts on the stock risk‐return relationship in oil importers and exporters. Specifically, there is a positive risk‐return relation during the decreasing period of oil price uncertainty. This positive correlation will be undermined and become negative during the rising period of oil price uncertainty in most countries studied. What's more, change in oil price uncertainty negatively affects the stock risk‐return relation in general, and it has a more significant asymmetric effect in oil exporters than that in oil importers for the whole sample. In addition, we examine whether the impact of oil price uncertainty is sensitive to the global financial crisis in 2008. Our empirical results reveal that, on average, the stock risk‐return relation is more susceptible to OVX changes after the crisis period than that during the crisis period, suggesting impacts of OVX changes are undermined due to the extremely unstable global economy.
Do movements in macroeconomic determinants affect American depository receipt prices? Evidence from France
Authors: Ahad Muhammad , Anwer Zaheer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of home country macroeconomics variables on American Depository Receipt (ADR) prices for the period 2000–2016 for France using combined cointegration approach. The results reveal strong association between ADR prices and macroeconomic variables. It is observed that, in the long run, money supply, oil price, real exchange rate and market index increase ADR prices while inflation and economic growth significantly decrease ADR prices. Similarly, the short run results reveal that exchange rate and share price index exert positive and significant effect on ADR prices whereas economic growth has negative and significant effect on ADR prices. Furthermore, bi‐directional causality between ADR prices and explanatory variables is observed. This study highlights some significant policy implications for ADR investors.
Threshold effects of housing affordability and financial development on the house price‐consumption nexus
Authors: Coskun Esra Alp , Apergis Nicholas , Coskun Yener 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study explores the asymmetric effect of housing and financial wealth on household consumption behaviour using panel data from 24 OECD countries, spanning the period 2000–2016 by employing a financial development (FD) index (proxy for financial deepening) and the house price‐to‐income (HPI) ratio (proxy for housing affordability) through a threshold empirical framework. The analysis tests certain hypotheses, such as: (i) the housing wealth effect on consumption is stronger than its financial counterpart, (ii) overall wealth effects increase (decrease) during bubble (post bubble) periods, (iii) the higher level of financial development and the lower level of housing affordability ratio both result in stronger wealth effects, (iv) increasing wealth effects show a bubble formation. The results suggest that housing wealth has generally a greater positive effect on consumption. The effect of housing and financial wealth on consumption increases, depending on higher financial development and declining housing affordability. The evidence also suggests that the impact of housing and stock market wealth has increased during the dot.com and housing bubble periods.
Multi‐criteria evaluation of locations for irrigation system implementation*
Authors: Hadelan Lari , Jez Rogelj Mateja , Gugic Josip , Crncan Ana , Zrakic Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare and rank three possible locations for the construction of an irrigation system in different parts of Croatia. The need for this kind of research stems from the high investment costs of the irrigation system and possible long‐term negative consequences of an incorrectly selected location. This paper applies a multi‐criteria method of business decision making and ranking—the analytical hierarchy process. The overall rating of the locations was obtained from six partial grades in the following criteria: drought risk level, plant production structure at a selected location, suitability of the land for irrigation, investment costs of irrigation system per unit area, presence of young farmers and unemployment rate. The best option for the construction of an irrigation system is location 1 in Istria County, primarily because of the favourable structure of plant production with a high share of labour‐intensive crops, characterized by a favourable ratio of additional revenue and costs in irrigation conditions.
Monocyte Subsets With High Osteoclastogenic Potential and Their Epigenetic Regulation Orchestrated by IRF8
Authors: Das Amitabh , Wang Xiaobei , Kang Jessica , Coulter Alyssa , Shetty Amol C , Bachu Mahesh , Brooks Stephen R , Dell'Orso Stefania , Foster Brian L , Fan Xiaoxuan , Ozato Keiko , Somerman Martha J , Thumbigere-Math Vivek 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells formed by the serial fusion of monocytes. In mice and humans, three distinct subsets of monocytes exist; however, it is unclear if all of them exhibit osteoclastogenic potential. Here we show that in wild-type (WT) mice, Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint monocytes are the primary source of OC formation when compared to Ly6C− monocytes. Their osteoclastogenic potential is dictated by increased expression of signaling receptors and activation of preestablished transcripts, as well as de novo gain in enhancer activity and promoter changes. In the absence of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor important for myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis, all three monocyte subsets are programmed to display higher osteoclastogenic potential. Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear translocation and amplified transcriptomic and epigenetic changes initiated at early developmental stages direct the increased osteoclastogenesis in Irf8-deficient mice. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the transcription factors and active cis-regulatory elements that regulate OC differentiation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A role for social media? A community‐based response to guns, gangs, and violence online
Authors: Sichel Corianna E. , Javdani Shabnam , Shaw Stephanie , Liggett Roberta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial media represents a relatively novel environment for prevention efforts targeting youth gun and gang violence, and associated trauma. The aim of this study is, therefore, to present findings from a novel intervention designed to complement existing, community‐based violence prevention efforts. In doing so, we focus on the role of adult empathy in the relationships between youth and the adult credible messengers (CMs) who deliver the program. Guided by the purpose of complementarity, our mixed methods data analyses combine insights gained from CM's quantitative reports of 145 instances of risky online behavior with qualitative analyses of three focus groups addressing their experiences. Results underscore the complexities of social media as a context with the potential to simultaneously contribute to, and serve to prevent, trauma. Results also indicate that empathic concern and perspective taking were important in informing the type of intervention tactics employed by CMs. Relatedly, CM's perspective taking mattered not only in their responses to risky and/or trauma‐related content, but also in their identification of some relevant social media posts.