bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Gene Delivery Based on Guanidyl‐Nucleic Acid Molecular Interactions
Authors: Wang Dongli , Song Jie , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhiyi , Shen Qing , Wang Jun , Guo Haiyan , Wang Ruifeng , Xie Cao , Lu Weiyue , Liu Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow transfection efficacy of non‐viral gene vectors restricts their applications. In this paper, N1,N3‐dicarbamimidoyl‐5‐methylisophthalamide (BGG) is designed as a functional group, in which two guanidyls are located at the meta positions of an aryl ring. BGG is conjugated with PAMAM G5 (G5‐BGG) and G5‐BGG/DNA complex is dispersed into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel for local injection. Molecular docking, NMR, IR and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments demonstrate that G5‐BGG has multiple molecular interactions with nucleic acids, which yield high binding affinity toward nucleic acids. Interestingly, the in vitro transfection efficiency and serum stability of G5‐BGG are significantly improved when the BGG modification ratio is just one. The integrated G5‐BGG/DNA complex is released from a PVA hydrogel sustainably, crosses the cell membrane and escapes from endosome/lysosome. After local injection only once, these features of the G5‐BGG/DNA‐loaded PVA hydrogel are found to improve antitumor efficiency in vivo, and antitumor efficiency is significantly better than PEI 25K. The results confirm that BGG is a potential group for developing non‐viral gene vectors with high transfection efficacy.
Push–Pull Dyes for Yellow to NIR Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Rémond Maxime , Hwang Jongun , Kim Jinbo , Kim Saeon , Kim Donghwan , Bucher Christophe , Bretonnière Yann , Andraud Chantal , Kim Eunkyoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPush–pull (D‐π‐A) dyes are explored for organic light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) taking advantages of their tunability in the intramolecular charge transfer (CT) through a π‐bridge between donor and acceptor. These dyes present high thermal stability beyond 290 °C and fluorescence quantum yields (Φf), and simple thin film processability. The fluorene‐based dyes with diphenylamine donor (DPF) show high tunability in electroluminescence wavelength up to 825 nm that corresponds to the most red‐shifted metal‐free LECs reported to date. The DPFs show high irradiance under a low working voltage in the presence of poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 2,5‐bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene (BBOT) hosts. As the CT distance of dyes is increased, Von of the LECs is decreased, since Φf and lifetime of dyes are higher. Furthermore, the smaller angle between the π‐bridge and acceptor (AπA) of dye is critical to increase irradiance, for a closer dye–host proximity. Thus a DPF dye with the lowest AπA (dye I) affords the highest irradiance of 425 µW cm−2 (>220 Cd m−2) among the dyes in this study. Therefore push–pull dyes could provide a rational material design principle toward near‐infrared emitting LECs.
Gallium–Carbenicillin Framework Coated Defect‐Rich Hollow TiO2 as a Photocatalyzed Oxidative Stress Amplifier against Complex Infections
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Wang Chao , Liu Xinli , Yin Yi , Ma Yong‐Hao , Gao Yanfeng , Wang Yuzhen , Lu Zhenda , Song Yujun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of new strategies with high antimicrobial capability against complex bacterial infections is still challenging. Herein, a three‐in‐one synergistic antimicrobial platform is presented based on gallium–carbenicillin framework coated defect‐rich hollow TiO2 nanoshells (H‐TiO2−x@MOF), for simultaneous eradicating methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in complex infections, which are the two most common bacteria in wounds. The metal gallium can disrupt bacterial antioxidation system using a “Trojan horse” strategy by substituting iron in the antioxidant enzymes, and finally increase bacterial susceptibility to oxidants. Meanwhile, oxygen‐deficient hollow TiO2−x nanoshells (H‐TiO2−x NSs) can efficiently bind to the bacteria and promote local generation of abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible‐light irradiation. Thus, the combination of gallium (antioxidant enzyme inhibitor) and black H‐TiO2−x NSs (ROS generator) constitutes a photocatalyzed oxidative stress amplifier that can boost ROS accumulation to destroy pathogens thoroughly. In addition, carbenicillin (Car), as the organic ligand coordinated to gallium ion, also acts as a broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent against PA and shares the responsibility for combating complex infections simultaneously. In view of the superior antibacterial ability, accelerated healing of infected wounds, and good biosafety, the H‐TiO2−x@MOF potentially provides an alternative antibacterial agent to combat complex bacterial infections.
Charge Density Depinning in Defective MoTe2 Transistor by Oxygen Intercalation
Authors: Liu Xiaochi , Qu Deshun , Wang Lu , Huang Ming , Yuan Yahua , Chen Peng , Qu Yuanyuan , Sun Jian , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolybdenum ditelluride is prone to various defects. Among them, tellurium vacancies lead to the significant reduction of band gap as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. They are responsible for inducing spatial band structure variation and localized charge puddles in MoTe2. As a result, undesirable charge density pinning is anticipated in the channel‐dominated MoTe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) even with much improved ohmic contacts, resulting in poor device characteristics, for example, conductivity minimum point (CMP) pinning and weak gate tunability. DFT simulations suggest occupying tellurium vacancies with oxygen can effectively restore MoTe2 to its intrinsic properties and therefore remove charge density pinning. Experimentally, this can be realized by oxygen intercalation during low‐pressure annealing without bringing in additional defects to MoTe2. The CMP is unpinned in the FETs made of annealed MoTe2, which can be tuned by changing the contact metals with varied work functions. Moreover, much improved device characteristics, for example, a high hole current density exceeding 20 μAμm−1, a record high hole mobility of 77 cm2 V−1 s−1, are obtained.
Multistage Sensitive NanoCRISPR Enable Efficient Intracellular Disruption of Immune Checkpoints for Robust Innate and Adaptive Immune Coactivation
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Chao , Lu Zhenghao , Yang Wen , Li Lu , Gong Songlin , He Tao , Ou Chunqing , Song Linjiang , Shen Meiling , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynergistic immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) has the potential to surmount the heterogeneity of tumors that are resistant to conventional therapeutics and result in better treatment outcomes than monotherapy targetting of to a single immune checkpoint. However, current stategies to combining multi‐target ICB are mainly focused on blockades on the cell surface which are incomplete, temporary, and inefficient. Here, a multistage sensitive nanocomplex (MUSE) loaded with programmed death‐ligand 1/CD47 multiple targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) (MT‐CRISPR/Cas9) system for complete intracellular immune checkpoint blockade are conducted. The core‐shell structure not only endows the MUSE with prolonged circulation capacity and precise tumor recognition, but also facilitates cell uptake and endosomal escape when confronted with the tumor extra/intracellular environment, leading to efficient delivery of MT‐CRISPR/Cas9 payloads with minimal toxity. It is demonstrated that the MUSE treatment in tumor models can activate robust CD8+ T‐cells and M1 macrophages‐mediated adaptive and innate anti‐tumor immune responses and trigger a persistent immune memory effect, which results in significantly inhibition of tumor growth and improved survival rate with almost undetectable off‐target delivery effect. Taken together, the MUSE‐nanoCRISPR system opens a new avenue for combinative blockade of multiple immune checkpoints, in turn bringing clinical benefits for oncological treatment.
Stretchable, Phase‐Transformable Ionogels with Reversible Ionic Conductor–Insulator Transition
Authors: Ming Xiaoqing , Shi Lei , Zhu He , Zhang Qi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStretchable iontronics with reversible conductor–insulator transitions are attracting great interest due to their promising applications in various fields of flexible electronics. However, effective conductivity switching of the ion conductors is still challenging. Here, a phase‐transformable ionogel (PTIG) that shows a reversible conductor–insulator transition with a very sharp change in bulk ionic conductivity (≈107 times) at a mild transition temperature of −15 °C is introduced. Moreover, this unique material shows good stretchability (840%), high transparency (97% transmittance in the visible range), and good stability. The ionogel material is used to prepare a long‐storage capacitor, which demonstrates good performance. Hence, the new PTIG has the potential for application in the development of flexible iontronics.
Anion–Cation Synergetic Contribution to High Capacity, Structurally Stable Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Hang , Cheng Chen , Chu Shiyong , Zhang Xueping , Wu Jianghua , Zhang Liang , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLayered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries have been extensively studied to obtain superior electrochemical properties. Since the cationic redox materials have almost reached the theoretical capacity limits accompanied by the migration and disproportionation of transition metals, anionic redox counterparts have been extensively explored to obtain extra capacity. In this work, P2‐type Na0.67[Li0.21Mn0.59Ti0.2]O2 is introduced, where manganese and oxygen synergistically undergo redox reaction reversibly. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments indicate a highly stable lattice structure with an extremely small volume strain of 0.7% during cycles with no sign of phase transitions. The stable crystal structure demonstrates the suppression of manganese disproportionation which is common in the layered Mn‐based cathode materials. Thanks to both cationic and anionic redox, this material can deliver a reversible capacity of 231 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5–4.5 V and the high‐voltage plateau can be maintained during subsequent cycles with splendid cycling stability.
Retracted: Emerging 2D MXene/Organic Heterostructures for Future Nanodevices
Authors: Neupane Guru Prakash , Yildirim Tanju , Zhang Linglong , Lu Yuerui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMXenes are a rapidly growing family of 2D materials. Their unique combination of metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, and highly charged surfaces endow them with excellent electrochemical performance. Appropriate surface functional groups determine their semiconducting properties. The wide selection of various MXene structures and surface functional groups enable tunable work functions and bandgaps, making them prime candidates for many optoelectronic applications. In addition, the discovery of 2D organic semiconductors having single molecular thickness has also greatly attracted research attention due to their optical, electronic, optoelectronic, and mechatronic properties. Moreover, the formation of MXenes/organic 2D heterostructures enables many interesting phenomena in the 2D quantum limit to be observed. This review aims to increase motivation toward the investigation of newly emerging MXenes, 2D organic materials, and their combinational heterostructures. It overviews recent progress in the fundamental investigations of the optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties in isolated 2D MXenes and organic materials; then, highlights the major importance of 2D MXene/organic heterostructures for applications in exciton–polariton lasers, light emitting devices, wearable electronics, and spintronic devices. The review aims outlines a future roadmap for 2D MXenes, organic materials, and their heterostructures for advanced nanotechnology applications.
Injectable and Self‐Healing Hydrogel with Anti‐Bacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis with Micro Invasive Treatment
Authors: Chen Zhengming , Cai Zhengwei , Zhu Chengjing , Song Xianmin , Qin Yanghua , Zhu Minhui , Zhang Tao , Cui Wenguo , Tang Haihong , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSystemic antibiotic therapy is the main treatment for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). However, this treatment often causes side effects of dizziness, diarrhea, and drug resistance. In this study, a new polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG‐H) treatment model is developed to achieve sustained release of drugs at the locality while avoiding those adverse effects. The PEG‐H is composed of 4‐arm‐PEG‐SH and silver ions through a high affinity and dynamic reversible coordination bond between the thiol and silver ion. In the initial test, PEG‐H is loaded with Clarithromycin (CAM‐Lips@Hydrogel) or Clarithromycin and Budesonide liposomes (CAM+BUD‐Lips@Hydrogel). The results show that PEG‐H maintains the characteristics of self‐healing, biodegradability, moderate swelling rate, injectibility and sustained drug release. In in vivo studies, the hydrogel is injected into the maxillary sinus of ABRS rabbit models. In both a single or combined load, the hydrogel not only plays an effective role as an anti‐bacterial, but also inhibits inflammatory response of local sinus mucosa. In addition, no other side effects are observed in the ABRS rabbit model through behavioral observation and drug sensitivity tests. Therefore, the injectable self‐healing hydrogel with anti‐bacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties provides a new micro invasive therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of ABRS.
Biocompliant Composite Au/pHEMA Plasmonic Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and Noninvasive Sensing of Cellular Metabolites
Authors: Lehman Sean E. , McCracken Joselle M. , Miller Lou Ann , Jayalath Sanjaya , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe field of 3D printing is an area of active research, with a substantial focus given to the design and construction of customized tools for applications in technology. There exists a particular need in these developing areas of opportunity for new multi‐functional soft materials that are biologically compatible for the growth and directed culturing of cells. Herein, a composite material consisting of gold nanoparticles with useful plasmonic properties embedded within a highly hydrophilic poly‐2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate matrix is described and characterized. This composite material serves dual functions as both host framework scaffold for cell lines such as pre‐osteoblasts as well as a plasmonic biosensor for in situ measurements of living cells. The plasmonic properties of this system are characterized as a function of the material properties and related to compositional features of the material through a proposed light‐directed mechanism. This chemistry provides a tunable, 3D printable plasmonic composite material of encapsulated gold nanoparticles in a biologically‐compliant, acrylate‐based hydrogel matrix. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of 3D‐microcultures supported by the scaffolds are carried out and the strong influence of perm‐selective molecular diffusion in its analytical responses is established. Most notably, specific, largely hydrophilic, cellular metabolites are detected within the supported live cultures.
Combating Implant Infections: Shifting Focus from Bacteria to Host
Authors: Amin Yavari Saber , Castenmiller Suzanne M. , van Strijp Jos A. G. , Croes Michiel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe widespread use of biomaterials to support or replace body parts is increasingly threatened by the risk of implant‐associated infections. In the quest for finding novel anti‐infective biomaterials, there generally has been a one‐sided focus on biomaterials with direct antibacterial properties, which leads to excessive use of antibacterial agents, compromised host responses, and unpredictable effectiveness in vivo. This review sheds light on how host immunomodulation, rather than only targeting bacteria, can endow biomaterials with improved anti‐infective properties. How antibacterial surface treatments are at risk to be undermined by biomaterial features that dysregulate the protection normally provided by critical immune cell subsets, namely, neutrophils and macrophages, is discussed. Accordingly, how the precise modification of biomaterial surface biophysical cues, or the incorporation of immunomodulatory drug delivery systems, can render biomaterials with the necessary immune‐compatible and immune‐protective properties to potentiate the host defense mechanisms is reviewed. Within this context, the protective role of host defense peptides, metallic particles, quorum sensing inhibitors, and therapeutic adjuvants is discussed. The highlighted immunomodulatory strategies may lay a foundation to develop anti‐infective biomaterials, while mitigating the increasing threat of antibacterial drug resistance.
Multioperation‐Mode Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors Based on van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Kwon Junyoung , Shin June‐Chul , Ryu Huije , Lee Jae Yoon , Seo Dongjea , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Young Duck , Hone James , Lee Chul‐Ho , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D semiconductors have shown great potential for application to electrically tunable optoelectronics. Despite the strong excitonic photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), their efficient electroluminescence (EL) has not been achieved due to the low efficiency of charge injection and electron–hole recombination. Here, multioperation‐mode light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) consisting of a monolayer WSe2 channel and graphene contacts coupled with two top gates for selective and balanced injection of charge carriers are demonstrated. Visibly observable EL is achieved with the high external quantum efficiency of ≈6% at room temperature due to efficient recombination of injected electrons and holes in a confined 2D channel. Further, electrical tunability of both the channel and contacts enables multioperation modes, such as antiambipolar, depletion,and unipolar regions, which can be utilized for polarity‐tunable field‐effect transistors and photodetectors. The work exhibits great potential for use in 2D semiconductor LEFETs for novel optoelectronics capable of high efficiency, multifunctions, and heterointegration.
Facile Proton Transport in Ammonium Borosulfate—An Unhumidified Solid Acid Polyelectrolyte for Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Chaloux Brian L. , Johannes Michelle D. , Epshteyn Albert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh proton conductivity is reported for unhumidified ammonium borosulfate, NH4[B(SO4)2], a solid acid coordination polymer that contains 1D, hydrogen‐bonded NH4+···1∞[B(SO4)4/2]− chains. NH4[B(SO4)2] is thermally stable to 320 °C and is amenable to sintering into monolithic, polycrystalline discs at 200 °C and about 300 MPa of uniaxial pressure. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal ionic conductivities for sintered ammonium borosulfate of 0.1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and up to 10 mS cm−1 at 180 °C in ambient air. No superprotonic transition is observed in the temperature range of 25–180 °C. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show these high conductivities are aided by free rotation of the NH4+ units and significant gyrational mobility of the SO4 tetrahedra, which, in turn, provide facile pathways for proton locomotion. High conductivities, a wide operational temperature window, and tolerance to both ambient and anhydrous conditions make NH4[B(SO4)]2 an attractive candidate electrolyte for intermediate‐temperature hydrogen fuel cells that may enable operation at temperatures as high as 300 °C without active humidification.
A Continuously Tunable Solid‐Like Convective Thermal Metadevice on the Reciprocal Line
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Ying , Cao Pei‐Chao , Yang Tianzhi , Zhu Xue‐Feng , Wang Wuyi , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emerging thermal metamaterials and metadevices demonstrate significant potential to transform thermal conduction. However, the thermal conductivities of existing devices are all restricted at fixed values if the configuration or constituent materials are static. Thermal convection provides an additional tool to boost and flexibly modify the heat transfer in moving matter, but it is essentially distinct from thermal conduction since the Onsager reciprocity is generally broken in the former but preserved in the latter. Therefore, it is difficult to use convective components for sophisticated control of conductive heat. Here, it is shown that a convective system can be made undistinguishable from a conductive one in principle, by discovering and operating on the reciprocal line of mechanically rotating systems. The realized thermal metadevice can thus mimic a solid‐like material whose thermal conductivity dynamically covers a wide range. It offers great possibilities of real‐time smooth control over heat transfer for broad applications.
Highly Mobile Levitating Soft Actuator Driven by Multistimuli‐Responses
Authors: Kim Ji Hun , Pyo Jae‐Bum , Kim Taek‐Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoft actuators exhibit activeness and flexibility and are widely used as next‐generation intelligent devices. However, their locomotion depends on friction with contact surfaces that restrict their movement. To overcome this limitation, a noncontact‐type multiresponsive soft actuator that levitates in a magnetic field is proposed. This soft actuator can respond to humidity, heat, and diamagnetic repulsion force stimuli, resulting in high degrees of freedom and multiple motions. The soft actuator is fabricated by coating a highly hygroscopic membrane onto a diamagnetic graphite film, which enables the actuator to levitate in the magnetic field. Bending actuation is induced by the swelling mismatch between the two layers via the hygrothermal response. The translational force driven by local concentrated heating of the actuator leads to the realization of high‐speed linear and curvilinear motions. Frictionless rotational motion is also realized remotely with broad heating of an asymmetrically bent soft actuator, generating nonzero torque acting on the floating soft actuator. The proposed levitating soft actuators are applied to a fast and reliable capsule‐delivery gripper and a remotely controllable levitated motor. The soft actuator exhibits the potential to be applied in a wide range of applications, such as soft robotics and smart mechanical devices.
Stretchable Textile Rechargeable Zn Batteries Enabled by a Wax Dyeing Method
Authors: Guo Zi Hao , Liu Mengmeng , Cong Zifeng , Guo Wenbin , Zhang Panpan , Hu Weiguo , Pu Xiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of smart electronic textiles faces one challenge that the power devices should be as comfortable, lightweight, and flexible as that of common fabrics. Herein, a stretchable textile‐based rechargeable Zn microbattery fabricated through a method analogous to Chinese traditional Batik wax dyeing is reported. Conductive metal coatings (Ni and Cu) in arbitrary patterns are prepared on a variety of fabrics, either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The resistance of a knitted conductive textile is fully recoverable and extremely stable even after 1000 cycles of stretching to 50% tensile strain, due to the absence of damage in the conformal metal coatings. An in‐plane rechargeable alkaline Zn microbattery is then fabricated on the conductive textile using Zn as the anode and NiCo bimetallic oxyhydroxide as the cathode, achieving an areal capacity about 0.45 mAh cm−2. Stable stretchability of the textile Zn microbattery is also demonstrated. The stretchable textile conductors and rechargeable Zn microbatteries suggest great potentials in stretchable electronics or electronic textiles.