bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic Exercise Training to Improve Exercise Capacity in Obese Individuals
Authors: CHACAROUN SAMARMAR , BOROWIK ANNA , VEGA-ESCAMILLA Y. GONZALEZ IGNACIO , DOUTRELEAU STÉPHANE , WUYAM BERNARD , BELAIDI ELISE , TAMISIER RENAUD , PEPIN JEAN-LOUIS , FLORE PATRICE , VERGES SAMUEL 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Combining exercise training with hypoxic exposure has been recently proposed as a new therapeutic strategy to improve health status of obese individuals. Whether hypoxic exercise training (HET) provides greater benefits regarding body composition and cardiometabolic parameters than normoxic exercise training (NET) remains, however, unclear. We hypothesized that HET would induce greater improvement in exercise capacity and health status than NET in overweight and obese individuals.

Methods
Twenty-three subjects were randomized into 8-wk HET (11 men and 1 woman; age, 52 ± 12 yr; body mass index, 31.2 ± 2.4 kg·m−2) or NET (eight men and three women; age, 56 ± 11 yr; body mass index, 31.8 ± 3.2 kg·m−2) programs (three sessions per week; constant-load cycling at 75% of maximal heart rate; target arterial oxygen saturation for HET 80%, FiO2 ~0.13, i.e., ~3700 m a.s.l.). Before and after the training programs, the following evaluations were performed: incremental maximal and submaximal cycling tests, measurements of pulse-wave velocity, endothelial function, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profile, blood NO metabolites and oxidative stress, and determination of body composition by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
Peak oxygen consumption and maximal power output increased significantly after HET only (peak oxygen consumption HET + 10% ± 11% vs NET + 1% ± 10% and maximal power output HET + 11% ± 7% vs NET + 3% ± 10%, P < 0.05). Submaximal exercise responses improved similarly after HET and NET. Except diastolic blood pressure which decreased significantly after both HET and NET, no change in vascular function, metabolic status and body composition was observed after training. Hypoxic exercise training only increased nitrite and reduced superoxide dismutase concentrations.

Conclusions
Combining exercise training and hypoxic exposure may provide some additional benefits to standard NET for obese individual health status.
Cardiovascular Drift and Maximal Oxygen Uptake during Running and Cycling in the Heat
Authors: WINGO JONATHAN E. , STONE TORI , NG JASON 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Greater cardiovascular (CV) drift occurs during cycling compared to running in temperate conditions. CV drift also corresponds to proportional reductions in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) during heat stress. Whether exercise mode differentially affects CV drift—and accompanying declines in V˙O2max—during heat stress is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a greater magnitude of CV drift, accompanied by a greater decrement in V˙O2max, occurs during cycling compared to running in hot conditions.

Methods
7 active men (mean ± SD; age = 25 ± 6 yr, percent body fat = 11.9% ± 2.4%) completed a control graded exercise test (GXT) on a cycle ergometer and treadmill. Then on separate, counterbalanced occasions they completed 15 or 45 min of cycling or running at 60% V˙O2max in 35°C, immediately followed by a GXT to measure V˙O2max (4 trials total). The separate 15- and 45-min trials were designed to measure CV drift and V˙O2max over the same time interval.

Results
Heart rate increased 19% and 17% and stroke volume decreased 20% and 15% between 15 and 45 min during running and cycling, respectively, but modes were not different (all P > 0.05). Despite a 1.8°C larger core-to-skin thermal gradient during running, decrements in V˙O2peak were not different between exercise modes (95% CI for difference in change scores between 15 and 45 min: −0.2, 0.3).

Conclusions
CV strain (indexed as CV drift) during prolonged exercise in the heat corresponds to reduced V˙O2max, irrespective of exercise mode or the thermal gradient. As such, the upward drift in heart rate associated with CV drift reflects increased relative metabolic intensity (%V˙O2max) during prolonged cycling or running in the heat.
Real-time markerless tumour tracking with patient-specific deep learning using a personalised data generation strategy: proof of concept by phantom study
Authors: Takahashi Wataru , Oshikawa Shota , Mori Shinichiro 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
For real-time markerless tumour tracking in stereotactic lung radiotherapy, we propose a different approach which uses patient-specific deep learning (DL) using a personalised data generation strategy, avoiding the need for collection of a large patient data set. We validated our strategy with digital phantom simulation and epoxy phantom studies.

Methods:
We developed lung tumour tracking for radiotherapy using a convolutional neural network trained for each phantom’s lesion by using multiple digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) generated from each phantom’s treatment planning four-dimensional CT. We trained tumour-bone differentiation using large numbers of training DRRs generated with various projection geometries to simulate tumour motion. We solved the problem of using DRRs for training and X-ray images for tracking using the training DRRs with random contrast transformation and random noise addition.

Results:
We defined adequate tracking accuracy as the percentage frames satisfying &lt;1 mm tracking error of the isocentre. In the simulation study, we achieved 100% tracking accuracy in 3 cm spherical and 1.5×2.25×3 cm ovoid masses. In the phantom study, we achieved 100 and 94.7% tracking accuracy in 3 cm and 2 cm spherical masses, respectively. This required 32.5 ms/frame (30.8 fps) real-time processing.

Conclusions:
We proved the potential feasibility of a real-time markerless tumour tracking framework for stereotactic lung radiotherapy based on patient-specific DL with personalised data generation with digital phantom and epoxy phantom studies.

Advances in knowledge:
Using DL with personalised data generation is an efficient strategy for real-time lung tumour tracking.
Correlation between ultrasound consolidated score and simple endoscopic score for determining the activity of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Liu Chang , Ding Shi-Si , Zhang Kun , Liu Lin-Na , Guo Le-Hang , Sun Li-Ping , Zhang Yi-Feng , Sun Xiao-Min , Ren Wei-Wei , Zhao Chong-Ke , Li Xiao-Long , Wang Qiao , Xu Xiao-Rong , Xu Hui-Xiong 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound consolidated score (UCS) in determining the activity of Crohn’s disease (CD) and evaluate it with reference to simple endoscopic score (SES).

Methods:
From June 2014 to June 2017, 66 patients with CD were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent endoscopy and transabdominal ultrasound (US) examination. The morphological symmetry, echogenicity of bowel wall, bowel wall layer structure, echogenicity of peri-bowel fat, bowel wall thickness (BWT), and Limberg type on power Doppler US were assessed with transabdominal US, and an UCS scoring system was developed based on these characteristics. Endoscopic results were used as the reference standard and SES was calculated to determine the CD activity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance for determining CD activity and the correlation between UCS and SES was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis.

Results:
330 intestinal segments in 66 patients were included. The UCS of the segments in the remission phase ranged from 3.0 to 9.0 (mean, 3.6 ± 0.9) whereas in the active phase from 3.0 to 20.0 (mean, 10.6 ± 4.0) (p &lt; 0.001). The cut-off value of UCS was 6. The associated area under ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 0.980, 88.3%, 95.5%, 93.8%, 91.3%, and 92.3%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between UCS and SES was 0.90, which was higher than the correlation coefficient of 0.83 between BWT and SES.

Conclusions:
The newly developed UCS with transabdominal US has a good performance and potentially provides an effective alternative for evaluating the activity of CD.

Advances in knowledge:
UCS is an effective method to evaluate the activity of CD because it provides comprehensive information of the disease. Therefore, it could be employed as an alternative for diagnosis of CD.
Kramers–Kronig detection of four 20  Gbaud 16-QAM channels using Kerr combs for a shared phase estimation
Authors: Zou Kaiheng , Liao Peicheng , Cao Yinwen , Kordts Arne , Almaiman Ahmed , Karpov Maxim , Pfeiffer Martin Hubert Peter , Alishahi Fatemeh , Fallahpour Ahmad , Tur Moshe , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Willner Alan E. 
Published: February 2020

We experimentally demonstrate Kramers–Kronig detection of four 20 Gbaud 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulated (QAM) channels after 50 km fiber transmission using two soliton Kerr combs as signal sources and local oscillators. The estimated carrier phase at the receiver for each of the channels is relatively similar due to the coherence between the frequency comb lines. The standard deviation of the estimated carrier phase difference of the channels is less than 0.08 rad after 50 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission. This enables the carrier phase recovery derived from one channel to be shared among multiple channels. In the back-to-back scenario, the bit error rate (BER) performance for shared carrier phase recovery shows an optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty of∼0.5dBcompared to the BER performance for carrier phase recovery when derived for each channel independently. BERs below the forward error correction threshold are achieved after 50 km SMF transmission with both independent and shared carrier phase recovery for four 20-Gbaud 16-QAM signals.
Adaptive Synchronization of Time-Delay Chaotic Systems with Intermittent Control
Authors: Wang Yuangan , Li Dong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Time delay is a common but not negligible phenomenon in nonlinear systems, which affects the performance of synchronization. Based on principles of intermittent control and Lyapunov stability theories, we establish the synchronization criteria of the time-delay chaotic systems via adaptive intermittent control. The proposed control scheme is under aperiodically intermittent control, which is also extended to periodically intermittent control to better realization. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our results, we choose the Lorenz system to do simulation.
Intercultural and interpersonal communication failures: analyzing hostile interactions among British and Spanish university students on WhatsApp
Authors: García-Gómez Antonio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the use of the mobile application communication technology for interpersonal communication seems to be less physically threatening, building successful relationships has become more complex. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the way(s) British and Spanish university students manage a hostile situation when disputing among each other on WhatsApp, the present study aims to shed light on conflict management by investigating the differentiated topic management strategies the participants in the study deploy. This, in turn, will add new empirical evidence to the expanding field of intercultural pragmatics. Through a detailed analysis of the hostile interactions, the results show a differentiated linguistic process by means of which participants initiate, maintain and escalate conflict talk that also relates to the speaker’s failed attempts to understand and negotiate each other’s intended meaning in interaction.
How to do things with images: the editor, the cartoonist, and the reader
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDepending on context: to depict soaring prices as fires is to perform the act ofcomplaining; to portray the perpetrator of a sex crime as a wolf is to accomplish the action ofcondemning; to draw the ship of state sailing toward catastrophe is simultaneously to perform the action ofwarningand to issue a prediction; etc. It follows that, if political cartooning is action, then having a cartoon spiked is failure to act. The discussion of silenced speech acts cannot fail to have already been noticed by other scholars. Yet, so far little attention has been paid to this phenomenon, especially in multimodal and intercultural pragmatics. Apart from substantiating the claim that it makes sense to study speech acts in political cartoons, this article investigates the situational factors that may affect the editorial decision-making of a given newspaper. Using a corpus of selected American, British, Egyptian, and Jordanian cartoons, it is argued that the appropriateness conditions of (verbo) visual speech acts (and of discourse generally) depend on the context models of the participants (cartoonists/viewers).
‘We are two languages here.’ The operation of language policies through spatial ideologies and practices in a co-located and a bilingual school
Authors: From Tuuli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInstitutional education traditionally entails a premise of language separation. This article aims to analyse language management through spatial ideologies and practices as interconnected manifestations of language policies. Informed by post-structural theorisation, the analysis draws on ethnographic data produced at a co-located campus of Finnish- and Swedish-speaking monolingual schools in Finland and in a Sweden Finnish bilingual school in Sweden. In Finland, the two national languages, Finnish and Swedish, are separated in institutional education, although some of the monolingual Finnish- and Swedish-speaking schools share school facilities. In Sweden, education in one of the national minority languages, Finnish, is organised mainly in a few Sweden Finnish bilingual schools. The findings indicate that language separation in education is constructed as spatial ideologies and negotiated in the spatial practices of schools. Particularly in the context of Swedish in Finland, a spatial ideology promoting separation as a means for protecting language was reproduced. In Sweden, the protection of Finnish in the bilingual institution was under constant negotiation and embedded in the daily spatial practices rather than articulated as a spatial ideology. Linguistic hierarchies and their connections to national language policies become evident when analysing the spatial orders of educational institutions.
Experimental study on influence of molding parameters on self-reinforcement characteristics of polymer co-injection molding
Authors: Lu Yong , Jiang Kaiyu , Wang Minjie , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, self-reinforced samples with different mechanical properties were obtained by adjusting the molding parameters by co-injection molding technology, and the micro-morphology of these samples was observed. Then, using structured statistical methods, the analysis of variance and response surface methodology were used to study the effects of various molding variables on the morphology and properties of the materials, and to determine the most important molding variables and their interaction relationships. Finally, the associated experimental data were fitted by the least square minimization program, and the parameters in the fitting equation were dimensionless to obtain the correlative dimensionless equation. The purpose was to establish the mechanism model of the influence of the molding parameters on the co-injection self-reinforced sample and to objectively analyze its mechanism. It was found that the melt temperature is the most important factor affecting the morphology and mechanical properties. The highly oriented skin thickness is the most important factor in determining the tensile properties of the sample. The change in crystallinity is the most important factor in relation to the elastic modulus. Through the establishment of the relevant dimensionless equations, the theoretical study on the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the co-injection self-reinforced samples of the molding parameters was preliminarily realized.
Was the Sabbath Observed in Āl-Yāḫūdu in the Early Decades of the Babylonian Exile?
Authors: Bloch Yigal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present note relates to a study by Oded Tammuz on concluding transactions on a Sabbath in Elephantine, Āl-Yāḫūdu and Bīt-Našar. The note points out that ignoring the Egyptian dates of the Elephantine papyri impairs Tammuz’s discussion, and calls into question his distinction between the alleged Judean-majority population of Āl-Yāḫūdu and Judean-minority population of Bīt-Našar. Also, the Julian dates of some tablets were miscalculated by Tammuz; the correct date of one Āl-Yāḫūdu tablet from Nabonidus’ reign falls on a Sabbath.
»Fossile Überreste des unreformierten Judentums in fernem Lande«?
Authors: Kratz Reinhard G. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag führt in die Archive der beiden judäischen Kolonien von Elephantine und Al-Yaḫudu ein und behandelt – im Anschluss an Julius Wellhausen – zwei Fragen: Erstens, ob die beiden Kolonien eine Art »unreformierten Judentums« repräsentieren, das von der Tora des Mose nichts wusste und von den Reformen des Josia, Esra und Nehemia unberührt war. Zweitens, ob es sich bei dieser Gestalt des Judentums nur um einen »fossilen Überrest« oder um eine lebendige Spezies handelt, die verbreiteter war, als die biblische Überlieferung uns Glauben machen möchte und auch die – auf dem biblischen Narrativ basierenden – modernen »Geschichten Israels« suggerieren.
Las expresiones artísticas de las víctimas como mecanismo de reparación transformadora en Colombia. El caso de “las tejedoras de Mampuján"
Authors: Sanabria Rodelo Alejandro 
Published: February 2020

Esta disertación en primer lugar pretende contextualizar el caso de las “Tejedoras de Mampuján” dentro del conflicto armado en Colombia, específicamente la violencia de los Montes de María, un territorio que ha sufrido por décadas la desprotección estatal. En segundo lugar identificar la importancia del arte como medio de expresión de las víctimas y como forma de reparación simbólica dentro de la reparación integral. Finalmente dilucidar la oportunidad para que las expresiones artísticas de las víctimas sean adecuadas para formular mecanismos concretos y medios alternativos de solución del conflicto además de formular garantías de no repetición que lleven a una reparación restauradora, esencial para la participación del Estado y de la sociedad civil, en procesos democráticos.
Dissecting Fertility Functions of Drosophila Y Chromosome Genes with CRISPR
Authors: Hafezi Yassi , Sruba Samantha R , Tarrash Steven R , Wolfner Mariana F , Clark Andrew G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gene-poor, repeat-rich regions of the genome are poorly understood and have been understudied due to technical challenges and the misconception that they are degenerating “junk.” Yet multiple lines of evidence indicate these regions may be an important source of variation that could drive adaptation and species divergence, particularly through regulation of fertility. The ∼40 Mb Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster contains only 16 known protein-coding genes, and is highly repetitive and entirely heterochromatic. Most of the genes originated from duplication of autosomal genes and have reduced nonsynonymous substitution rates, suggesting functional constraint. We devised a genetic strategy for recovering and retaining stocks with sterile Y-linked mutations and combined it with CRISPR to create mutants with deletions that disrupt three Y-linked genes. Two genes, PRY and FDY, had no previously identified functions. We found that PRY mutant males are subfertile, but FDY mutant males had no detectable fertility defects. FDY, the newest known gene on the Y chromosome, may have fertility effects that are conditional or too subtle to detect. The third gene, CCY, had been predicted but never formally shown to be required for male fertility. CRISPR targeting and RNA interference of CCY caused male sterility. Surprisingly, however, our CCY mutants were sterile even in the presence of an extra wild-type Y chromosome, suggesting that perturbation of the Y chromosome can lead to dominant sterility. Our approach provides an important step toward understanding the complex functions of the Y chromosome and parsing which functions are accomplished by genes vs. repeat elements.
The free maternal health policy: acceptability and satisfaction with quality of maternal health services during pregnancy in rural Northern Ghana
Authors: Dalinjong Philip Ayizem , Wang Alex Y , Homer Caroline SE 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Ghana introduced a maternal health policy in July 2008 to provide free of cost health services to women. However, the utilization of services does not depend on affordability alone but acceptability as well. Acceptability includes attitudes and behaviors of providers and satisfaction with the quality of care. The study explored women’s views and perceptions about attitudes and behaviors of providers and satisfaction with the quality of services under the free maternal health policy in Ghana. In addition, the views and perceptions of providers were examined.
Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted. The study was carried out in the Kassena-Nankana Municipality in Ghana. A structured questionnaire was distributed among women (n=406) who utilized health facilities during pregnancy. Further, focus group discussions (FGDs) with women (n=10) and in-depth interviews with midwives and nurses (n=25) were held. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data were recorded, transcribed, read, and coded thematically.
Results: Women perceived facilities to be clean, especially the smaller ones. Ninety-eight percent of women (n=313/320) perceived providers to be respectful or friendly, and this was mostly confirmed in the FGDs. More than two-thirds of the women (74%, n=300) were also very satisfied or satisfied with the quality of care due to the respect accorded them by providers. Equally, midwives and nurses were satisfied with the quality of care they provided. Nonetheless, providers believed that the unavailability of drugs and supplies, laboratory services, accommodation, and transportation for emergencies reduced women’s satisfaction with services and the quality of care they could provide.
Conclusion: The services provided to women during pregnancy were acceptable under the free maternal health policy. There remain challenges in addressing a lack of infrastructure and commodities that affects the quality of care.