bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslides after wildfire: initiation, magnitude, and mobility
Authors: Rengers Francis K. , McGuire Luke A. , Oakley Nina S. , Kean Jason W. , Staley Dennis M. , Tang Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the semiarid Southwestern USA, wildfires are commonly followed by runoff-generated debris flows because wildfires remove vegetation and ground cover, which reduces soil infiltration capacity and increases soil erodibility. At a study site in Southern California, we initially observed runoff-generated debris flows in the first year following fire. However, at the same site three years after the fire, the mass-wasting response to a long-duration rainstorm with high rainfall intensity peaks was shallow landsliding rather than runoff-generated debris flows. Moreover, the same storm caused landslides on unburned hillslopes as well as on slopes burned 5 years prior to the storm and areas burned by successive wildfires, 10 years and 3 years before the rainstorm. The landslide density was the highest on the hillslopes that had burned 3 years beforehand, and the hillslopes burned 5 years prior to the storm had low landslide densities, similar to unburned areas. We also found that reburning (i.e., two wildfires within the past 10 years) had little influence on landslide density. Our results indicate that landscape susceptibility to shallow landslides might return to that of unburned conditions after as little as 5 years of vegetation recovery. Moreover, most of the landslide activity was on steep, equatorial-facing slopes that receive higher solar radiation and had slower rates of vegetation regrowth, which further implicates vegetation as a controlling factor on post-fire landslide susceptibility. Finally, the total volume of sediment mobilized by the year 3 landslides was much smaller than the year 1 runoff-generated debris flows, and the landslides were orders of magnitude less mobile than the runoff-generated debris flows.
Analysis of direct capture of $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$ from ambient air via steam-assisted temperature–vacuum swing adsorption
Authors: Stampi-Bombelli Valentina , van der Spek Mijndert , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, direct air capture (DAC) via adsorption is studied through the design and analysis of two temperature–vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) cycles. In the first part, a novel way of describing the adsorption of $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

in presence of water vapor is proposed for co-adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic data gathered from the literature. Secondly, two TVSA cycle designs are proposed: one with a desorption step via external heating, and one with a steam purge. A schematic method for the determination of the cycle step times is proposed and a parametric study on the operating conditions is performed via cycle simulations using a detailed, first principles model. Finally, the two cycles are compared in terms of $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

production and energy consumption. The parametric study on the desorption time shows that there is a desorption time yielding the highest $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

production at low energy consumptions. Low evacuation pressures are necessary to reach high $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

production, but higher evacuation pressures show to be always favorable in terms of specific electrical energy requirements. A steam purge requires an additional thermal energy cost, but it not only allows decreasing the specific electrical energy consumptions, it also enhances $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

desorption kinetics and allows reaching higher $${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

productions at milder evacuation pressures. The results of this work present the possibility to directly relate the availability of power and heat to the design of the cycle.
Treatment effect of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy by prognostic and intrinsic subtype and biomarker analysis in patients with bone-only disease: a joint analysis of PALOMA-2 and PALOMA-3 clinical trials
Authors: Finn Richard S. , Cristofanilli Massimo , Ettl Johannes , Gelmon Karen A. , Colleoni Marco , Giorgetti Carla , Gauthier Eric , Liu Yuan , Lu Dongrui R. , Zhang Zhe , Bartlett Cynthia Huang , Slamon Dennis J. , Turner Nicholas C. , Rugo Hope S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThis analysis evaluated the relationship between treatment-free interval (TFI, in PALOMA-2)/disease-free interval (DFI, in PALOMA-3) and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS, in PALOMA-3), treatment effect in patients with bone-only disease, and whether intrinsic subtype affects PFS in patients receiving palbociclib.MethodsData were from phase 3, randomized PALOMA-2 and PALOMA-3 clinical studies of hormone receptor‒positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‒negative (HR+ /HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients receiving endocrine therapy plus palbociclib or placebo. Subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) analysis evaluated the association between DFI and PFS and OS. PFS by luminal subtype and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 or endocrine pathway gene expression levels were evaluated in patients with bone-only disease; median PFS and OS were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsMedian durations of TFI were 37.1 and 30.9 months (PALOMA-2) and DFI were 49.2 and 52.0 months (PALOMA-3) in the palbociclib and placebo groups, respectively. Among the PALOMA-2 biomarker population (n = 454), 23% had bone-only disease; median PFS was longer with palbociclib versus placebo (31.3 vs 11.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI 0.25‒0.69). The interaction effect of bone-only versus visceral disease subgroups on median PFS with palbociclib was not significant (P = 0.262). Among the PALOMA-3 biomarker population (n = 302), 27% had bone-only disease. STEPP analyses showed that palbociclib PFS benefit was not affected by DFI, and that palbociclib OS effect may be smaller in patients with short DFIs. Among patients who provided metastatic tumor tissues (n = 142), regardless of luminal A (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% CI 0.11‒0.47;P = 0.0000158) or luminal B (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI 0.12‒0.56;P = 0.000269) subtype, palbociclib improved PFS versus placebo.ConclusionsThese findings support palbociclib plus endocrine therapy as standard of care for HR+ /HER2− ABC patients, regardless of baseline TFI/DFI or intrinsic molecular subtype, including patients with bone-only disease.Trial registrationPfizer (clinicaltrials.gov:NCT01740427, NCT01942135).
Commons Organizing: Embedding Common Good and Institutions for Collective Action. Insights from Ethics and Economics
Authors: Albareda Laura , Sison Alejo Jose G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, business ethics and economic scholars have been paying greater attention to the development of commons organizing. The latter refers to the processes by which communities of people work in common in the pursuit of the common good. In turn, this promotes commons organizational designs based on collective forms of common goods production, distribution, management and ownership. In this paper, we build on two main literature streams: (1) the ethical approach based on the theory of the common good of the firm in virtue ethics and (2) the economic approach based on the theory of institutions for collective action developed by Ostrom’s research on common-pool resources to avert the tragedy of the commons. The latter expands to include the novel concepts of new commons, “commoning” and polycentric governance. Drawing on the analysis of what is new in these forms of organizing, we propose a comprehensive model, highlighting the integration of two sets of organizing principles—common good and collective action – and five problem-solving processes to explain the main dimensions of commons organizing. We contribute to business ethics literature by exploring the convergence between the ethical and economic approaches in the development of a commons organizing view.
Genetic monitoring of the greater stick-nest rat meta-population for strategic supplementation planning
Authors: White Lauren C. , Thomson Vicki A. , West Rebecca , Ruykys Laura , Ottewell Kym , Kanowski John , Moseby Katherine E. , Byrne Margaret , Donnellan Stephen C. , Copley Peter , Austin Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTranslocation is an increasingly common component of species conservation efforts. However, translocated populations often suffer from loss of genetic diversity and increased inbreeding, and thus may require active management to establish gene flow across isolated populations. Assisted gene flow can be laborious and costly, so recipient and source populations should be carefully chosen to maximise genetic diversity outcomes. The greater stick-nest rat (GSNR,Leporillus conditor), a threatened Australian rodent, has been the focus of a translocation program since 1985, resulting in five extant translocated populations (St Peter Island, Reevesby Island, Arid Recovery, Salutation Island and Mt Gibson), all derived from a remnant wild population on the East and West Franklin Islands. We evaluated the genetic diversity in all extant GSNR populations using a large single nucleotide polymorphism dataset with the explicit purpose of informing future translocation planning. Our results show varying levels of genetic divergence, inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in all translocated populations relative to the remnant source on the Franklin Islands. All translocated populations would benefit from supplementation to increase genetic diversity, but two—Salutation Island and Mt Gibson—are of highest priority. We recommend a targeted admixture approach, in which animals for supplementation are sourced from populations that have low relatedness to the recipient population. Subject to assessment of contemporary genetic diversity, St Peter Island and Arid Recovery are the most appropriate source populations for genetic supplementation. Our study demonstrates an effective use of genetic surveys for data-driven management of threatened species.
Conflict on the Northern Front: Archaeological Perspectives on the Spanish Civil War at Monte Bernorio, Palencia, Spain
Authors: Torres-Martínez Jesús F. , Fernández-Götz Manuel , Hernández-Tórtoles Alicia , Martínez-Velasco Antxoka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe archaeology of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) has experienced an important development over the last two decades. Several field projects have studied aspects such as mass graves, forced labor camps, and battlefields. In this paper, we present a case study from the so-called “Northern Front” (Frente Norte). The impressive mountain of Monte Bernorio, situated at the foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains, controls one of the main communication routes between the central Spanish plateau (Meseta) and the Cantabrian Sea. Due to this strategic position, the site has played an important military role during two episodes of war separated by nearly 2,000 years: the Roman conquest of northern Iberia under Emperor Augustus in the 20s BCE, and the Spanish Civil War in the years 1936-37. The ongoing archaeological excavations and surveys are uncovering abundant remains of trenches, battering positions, barracks, and munitions belonging to the Civil War period, when Bernorio was a highly disputed position in the confrontation between “Republicans” and “Nationalists.” Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this paper combines archaeological evidence, oral history, and written documents that shed light on one of the main episodes of Franco’s conquest of northern Spain.
German V2 and Doubly Filled COMP in West Germanic
Authors: Bacskai-Atkari Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper addresses the issue of Doubly Filled COMP effects in embedded interrogatives in West-Germanic languages, with particular attention paid to German: in these patterns, an overt interrogative operator co-occurs with an overt complementiser. Such configurations are ruled out from standard West-Germanic varieties, while they are attested in non-standard dialects. The paper argues that there are both theoretical and empirical arguments against the postulation of a Doubly Filled COMP Filter, proposing instead that the insertion of a visible complementiser in non-standard dialects in fact follows from the properties of the general syntactic paradigm in which empty complementisers are generally not possible. It is shown that doubling is not restricted to embedded constituent questions, but it may occur in polar questions as well. Further, the finiteness feature can be checked off by verb movement, as is the case in V2 patterns in German (and generally in Germanic, including historical English) and in T-to-C-movement in English. In this way, the property of V2 is linked to Doubly Filled COMP; in either case, there is no need to postulate a cartographic template with multiple projections but a minimal, merge-based model is sufficient and in fact favourable. The proposed model aims at accounting for the possible correlations between the properties of the head element and the properties of the fronted element merged as a specifier (if there is any). Finally, the observed syntactic differences between standard varieties and dialects in West Germanic can be attributed to minimal lexical differences.
Within-class multimodal classification
Authors: Wan Huan , Wang Hui , Scotney Bryan , Liu Jun , Ng Wing W. Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn many real-world classification problems there exist multiple subclasses (or clusters) within a class; in other words, the underlying data distribution is within-class multimodal. One example is face recognition where a face (i.e. a class) may be presented in frontal view or side view, corresponding to different modalities. This issue has been largely ignored in the literature or at least under studied. How to address the within-class multimodality issue is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we present an extensive study of within-class multimodality classification. This study is guided by a number of research questions, and conducted through experimentation on artificial data and real data. In addition, we establish a case for within-class multimodal classification that is characterised by the concurrent maximisation of between-class separation, between-subclass separation and within-class compactness. Extensive experimental results show that within-class multimodal classification consistently leads to significant performance gains when within-class multimodality is present in data. Furthermore, it has been found that within-class multimodal classification offers a competitive solution to face recognition under different lighting and face pose conditions. It is our opinion that the case for within-class multimodal classification is established, therefore there is a milestone to be achieved in some machine learning algorithms (e.g. Gaussian mixture model) when within-class multimodal classification, or part of it, is pursued.
Analysis of RGB-D camera technologies for supporting different facial usage scenarios
Authors: Ulrich Luca , Vezzetti Enrico , Moos Sandro , Marcolin Federica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently a wide variety of applications has been developed integrating 3D functionalities. Advantages given by the possibility of relying on depth information allows the developers to design new algorithms and to improve the existing ones. In particular, for what concerns face morphology, 3D has led to the possibility to obtain face depth maps highly close to reality and consequently an improvement of the starting point for further analysis such as Face Detection, Face Authentication, Face Identification and Face Expression Recognition. The development of the aforementioned applications would have been impossible without the progress of sensor technologies for obtaining 3D information. Several solutions have been adopted over time. In this paper, emphasis is put on passive stereoscopy, structured light, time-of-flight (ToF) and active stereoscopy, namely the most used technologies for the cameras design and fulfilment according to the literature. The aim of this article is to investigate facial applications and to examine 3D camera technologies to suggest some guidelines for addressing the correct choice of a 3D sensor according to the application that has to be developed.
Low cost and effective reduction of formaldehyde in gross anatomy: long throw nozzles and formaldehyde destruction using InfuTrace™
Authors: Pfeil Sonja , Hieke Hans , Brohmann Petra , Wimmer Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFormaldehyde is extraordinarily effective for fixation of human corpses and is routinely used in embalming solutions in anatomical dissection courses all over the world. High concentrations in vapors emitted from corpses embalmed with formaldehyde make it necessary to reduce the emission from cadavers for fulfilling tightening permissible exposure limits (PEL) worldwide. The study provides possible solutions to a problem faced by many anatomy labs. The emission of 50 human corpses was examined using 240 active personal and stationary samples with sampling tubes placed in the breathing area of probands or directly above the corpses. For measuring formaldehyde exposures along the dissection course, air samples were collected during the progress of dissection. Best results were achieved by a combination of post-embalming treatment with InfuTrace™, a formaldehyde binding solution applied to corpses fixed with 3% formaldehyde, and a modified ventilation system consisting of three long throw nozzles mounted vertically at the ceiling above the longitudinal axis of each dissection table. In this scenario, the inhalative exposure for students and teachers did not exceed 0.1 ppm during muscle dissection and 0.041 ppm during organ dissection, which are both dissection steps linked to high emission rates. The data emphasizes the necessity to use a combination of different methods — chemical polymerization of formaldehyde combined with a modified ventilation system — to reduce formaldehyde air loads far below the German PEL (0.3 ppm) and even the Japanese PEL (0.1 ppm) when using a standard 3%-formaldehyde fixation.
The 2010s in clinical drug-eluting stent and bioresorbable scaffold research: a Dutch perspective
Authors: Kawashima H. , Zocca P. , Buiten R. A. , Smits P. C. , Onuma Y. , Wykrzykowska J. J. , de Winter R. J. , von Birgelen C. , Serruys P. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDutch researchers were among the first to perform clinical studies in bare metal coronary stents, the use of which was initially limited by a high incidence of in-stent restenosis. This problem was greatly solved by the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES). Nevertheless, enthusiasm about first-generation DES was subdued by discussions about a higher risk of very-late stent thrombosis and mortality, which stimulated the development, refinement, and rapid adoption of new DES with more biocompatible durable polymer coatings, biodegradable polymer coatings, or no coating at all. In terms of clinical DES research, the 2010s were characterised by numerous large-scale randomised trials in all-comers and patients with minimal exclusion criteria. Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were developed and investigated. The Igaki-Tamai scaffold without drug elution was clinically tested in the Netherlands in 1999, followed by an everolimus-eluting BRS (Absorb) which showed favourable imaging and clinical results. Afterwards, multiple clinical trials comparing Absorb and its metallic counterpart were performed, revealing an increased rate of scaffold thrombosis during follow-up. Based on these studies, the commercialisation of the device was subsequently halted. Novel technologies are being developed to overcome shortcomings of first-generation BRS. In this narrative review, we look back on numerous devices and on the DES and BRS trials reported by Dutch researchers.
Defibrillation testing during implantation of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a necessary standard or becoming redundant?
Authors: van der Stuijt W. , Quast A. B. E. , Knops R. E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the publication of the SIMPLE and NORDIC trials, defibrillation testing (DFT) is rarely performed during routine implantation of transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). However, the results of these trials cannot be extrapolated to the later introduced subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) and a class I recommendation to perform DFT during the implantation of these devices remains in the current guidelines. Due to the high conversion success rate of DFT on one hand, and the risk of complications on the other, a significant number of physicians omit DFT in S‑ICD recipients. Several retrospective analyses have assessed the safety of the omission of DFT and report contradicting results and recommendations. It is known that implant position, as well as device factors and patient characteristics, influence defibrillation success. A better comprehension of these factors and their relationship could lead to more reliable and safer alternatives to DFT. An ongoing randomised clinical trial, which is expected to end in 2023, is the first study to implement a method that assesses implant position to identify patients who are likely to fail their DFT.
Heart teams in the Netherlands: From teamwork to data‑driven decision-making
Authors: Wierda E. , van Veghel D. , Hirsch A. , de Mol B. A. J. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor all patients with cardiovascular disease requiring an intervention, this is a major life event. The heart team concept is one of the most exciting and effective team modalities to ensure cost-effective application of invasive cardiovascular care. It optimises patient selection in a complex decision-making process and identifies risk/benefit ratios of different interventions. Informed consent and patient safety should be at the centre of these decisions. To deal with increased load of medical data in the future, artificial intelligence could enable objective and effective interpretation of medical imaging and decision support. This technical support is indispensable to meet current patient and societal demands for informed consent, shared decision-making, outcome improvement and safety. The heart team should be restructured with clear leadership, accountability, and process and outcome measurement of interventions. In this way, the heart team concept in the Netherlands will be ready for the future.
On the Asymptotic Properties of SLOPE
Authors: Kos Michał , Bogdan Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSorted L-One Penalized Estimator (SLOPE) is a relatively new convex optimization procedure for selecting predictors in high dimensional regression analyses. SLOPE extends LASSO by replacing theL1penalty norm with a SortedL1norm, based on the non-increasing sequence of tuning parameters. This allows SLOPE to adapt to unknown sparsity and achieve an asymptotic minimax convergency rate under a wide range of high dimensional generalized linear models. Additionally, in the case when the design matrix is orthogonal, SLOPE with the sequence of tuning parametersλBHcorresponding to the sequence of decaying thresholds for the Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction provably controls the False Discovery Rate (FDR) in the multiple regression model. In this article we provide new asymptotic results on the properties of SLOPE when the elements of the design matrix are iid random variables from the Gaussian distribution. Specifically, we provide conditions under which the asymptotic FDR of SLOPE based on the sequenceλBHconverges to zero and the power converges to 1. We illustrate our theoretical asymptotic results with an extensive simulation study. We also provide precise formulas describing FDR of SLOPE under different loss functions, which sets the stage for future investigation on the model selection properties of SLOPE and its extensions.